bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES AMONG NURSES TOWARDS HIV/ AIDS PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AMROHA
Authors: Agrawal Atul , Agrawal Ankita 
Published: February 2021

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become one of the most serious challenges to public health due to its high morbidity, mortality and economic impacts. Good Knowledge, positive attitudes and practices are important aspects of providing nursing care for people living with HIV/AIDS. Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses working with HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This study was descriptive, performed on 200 nurses working with HIV/AIDS patients at a tertiary care Hospital, Amroha. Data was collected using pretested, validated, self administered questionnaire consisting of knowledge, attitude and practice based questions related to HIV/Aids and infected patients along with demographic variables of nursing staff under study. Results: The result of this study showed that majority of nurses (81%) working with HIV/AIDS patients possess adequate level of knowledge. Most of the nurses under study showed high level of empathic attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS (above 80%) but at the same time high level of avoidance was observed among some nurses. Practice of nurses working with HIV/AIDS patients was found good. Conclusions: There was satisfactory knowledge, positive attitudes and good practice level among nurses under study. Recommendations: Training should focus on Preventive methods and modes of HIV transmission, care and support of all patients no matter what the disease, emphasizing confidentiality as a patient right that should not be ignored and should train nurses and monitor nursing skills.
Keywords: Public health, Nurses, HIV, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices
Új személyi légideszant ejtőernyő típus rendszerbe állítása előtt a Magyar Honvédség III. rész
Authors: Szaniszló Zsolt 
Published: February 2021

Többrészes tanulmányom a Magyar Honvédség (MH) új személyi légideszant ejtőernyő rendszerrel történő ellátásának szükségességére hívja fel a figyelmet, és természetesen javaslatot tesz a beszerzésre irányuló kezdeti lépések megtételére. Tanulmányom első részében napjaink legelterjedtebben alkalmazott konvencionális személyi légideszant ejtőernyő rendszereit és kifejlesztésük rövid történetét mutattam be. A lehetséges fő ejtőernyő típusok technikai adatait és jellemzőit az úgynevezett „Klasszikus Hármas” alapján, tanulmányom második részében vizsgáltam meg. Tanulmányom harmadik részében – szintén ugyanezen módszer alapján – az elképzelt tartalék ejtőernyő típusokat vizsgálom meg.
The Qur'anic Method of Presenting Legislative Rulings: An Analytical Study of ṣadaqa in Sūrat al-Baqara
Authors: al-Matroudi Abdul Hakim 
Published: February 2021

The Qur'an is considered a major theoretical source of law by the Islamic tradition. Moreover, Islamic sources are agreed that reliance on the Qur'an for legal resolutions to issues has been an established practice ever since its revelation. Yet, we find that some Western academics do not attribute any significant legislative role to the Qur'an, so much so that some of them claim that this is a contemporary phenomenon which runs contrary to early Islamic practice. As for those who do acknowledge the legal role of the Qur'an, they do not discuss in detail the Qur'anic methodology in presenting legal rulings. In light of these views, this study will commence with a brief indication to Western academic engagement with the Qur'an's legislative role. It will then focus on the Qur'an's approach to presenting legal rulings via an analytical study of the notion of ṣadaqa as expressed in Sūrat al-Baqara, so as to determine the Qur'an's methodological approach to presenting legal rulings to its audience.
KUANTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVONOID DENGAN LC-MS/MS SECARA SIMULTAN
Authors: Kaliawan Kaliawan , Danardono Prayogo 
Published: February 2021

Pengujian senyawa flavonoid dengan metode kromatografi cair spektrometri massa (LC-MS/MS) dikembangkan dan digunakan untuk kuantifikasi secara simultan. Senyawa flavonoid yang menjadi target pengujian adalah senyawa quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glikosida, taxifolin dan rutin. LC-M/SMS menjadi teknik pengujian menggunakan teknik ionisasi electrospray (ESI) dengan pola ionisasi positif maupun negatif. SRM (Selected Reaction Monitoring) dipilih untuk penentuan secara spesifik senyawa target berdasarkan quasi ion molekuler prekursor dan transisinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa jauh nilai pengukuran pada pada LC-MS/MS terhadap linieritas, presisi, akurasi, batas terendah deteksi dan batas terendah kuantifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai linieritas mendekati satu, presisi dan akurasi dapat diterima/valid. Nilai LoD senyawa quercetin 42.9 ppb, quercetin 3-O-Glikosida sebesar 33 ppb, taxifolin 23.1 ppb, dan rutin 52.8 ppb. Sedangkan nilai LoQ senyawa quercetin 129 ppb, quercetin 3-O-Glikosida sebesar 99 ppb, taxifolin 69 ppb, dan rutin 159 ppb.
Alternative RNA Splicing in Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Wu Panyisha , Zhang Moya , Webster Nicholas J. G. 
Published: February 2021

Alternative RNA splicing is a process by which introns are removed and exons are assembled to construct different RNA transcript isoforms from a single pre-mRNA. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between dysregulation of RNA splicing and a number of clinical syndromes, but the generality to common disease has not been established. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review we focus on the change in alternative RNA splicing in fatty liver disease and the role for splicing regulation in disease progression.
The Development, Fine Specificity, and Importance of High-Avidity Antibodies to VAR2CSA in Pregnant Cameroonian Women Living in Yaoundé, an Urban City
Authors: Vanda Koko , Bobbili Naveen , Matsunaga Masako , Chen John J. , Salanti Ali , Leke Rose F. G. , Taylor Diane Wallace 
Published: February 2021

Pregnant women infected with Plasmodium falciparum often produce antibodies (Abs) to VAR2CSA, a ligand that binds to placental chondroitin sulfate A causing placental malaria (PM). Antibodies to VAR2CSA are associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. Antibody avidity is a surrogate marker for the extent of maturation of the humoral immune response. Little is known about high avidity Abs to VAR2CSA for women living in urban African cities. Therefore, this study sought to determine: i) if high avidity Abs to full-length VAR2CSA (FV2) increase with gravidity in women in Yaoundé, Cameroon exposed to ~ 0.3-1.1 infectious mosquito bites per month, ii) if high avidity Abs to FV2 are directed against a specific region of VAR2CSA, and iii) if having high avidity Abs to FV2 improve pregnancy outcomes. Plasma samples collected at delivery from 695 women who had Abs to FV2 were evaluated. Ab levels and the Avidity Index (AI), defined as the percent Abs remaining bound to FV2 after incubation with 3M NH4SCN, were determined. Similar Ab levels to FV2 were present in women of all gravidities (G1 through 6+; p=0.80), except significantly lower levels were detected in PM−negative (PM−) primigravidae (p &lt;0.001). Median Ab avidities increased between gravidity 1 and 2 (p&lt;0.001) and remained stable thereafter (G3-G6+: p=0.51). These results suggest that B cell clonal expansion began during the first pregnancy, with clonal selection primarily occurring during the second. However, the majority of women (84%) had AI &lt;35, a level of high avidity Abs previously reported to be associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. When plasma from 107 Cameroonian women was tested against 8 different regions of FV2, high avidity Abs were predominately restricted to DBL5 with median AI of 50 compared to AI &lt;25 for the other domains. The only significance influence of high avidity Abs on pregnancy outcome was that babies born to mothers with AI above the median were 104 g heavier than babies born to women with AI below the median (p=0.045). These results suggest that a vaccine that boosts maturation of the immune response to VAR2CSA may be beneficial for women residing in urban areas.
Clinical Profile of Hyper-IgE Syndrome in India
Authors: Saikia Biman , Rawat Amit , Minz Ranjana W. , Suri Deepti , Pandiarajan Vignesh , Jindal Ankur , Sahu Smrity , Karim Adil , Desai Mukesh , Taur Prasad D. , Pandrowala Ambreen , Gowri Vijaya , Madkaikar Manisha , Dalvi Aparna , Yadav Reetika Mallik , Lashkari Harsha Prasada , Raj Revathi , Uppuluri Ramya , Swaminathan Venkateswaran V. , Bhattad Sagar , Cyril Gladys , Kumar Harish , Shukla Anuj , Kalra Manas , Govindaraj Geeta , Singh Surjit 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:Hyper-IgE Syndrome (HIES) is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by a constellation of symptoms related to susceptibility toStaphylococcalskin and pulmonary infections, eczema, raised serum IgE (&gt;2,000 IU/ml), craniofacial anomalies, and recurrent bone fractures. Data on HIES from the Indian subcontinent is scarce and restricted to small case series and case reports. This is the first compilation of national data on HIES.Materials and Methods:A total 103 cases clinically diagnosed and treated as HIES were analyzed from nine centers. Cases with clinical and/or molecular diagnosis of DOCK8 deficiency were not included. Patients were divided into two groups: group I for whom a heterozygous rare variant of STAT3 was identified, and group II, with clinical features similar to those of AD STAT3 deficiency, but without any genetic diagnosis.Results:Genetic diagnosis was available in 27 patients (26.2%) and all harbored rare variants in the STAT3 gene. Majority of these STAT3 HIES patients presented with recurrent skin abscesses (77.7%) or pneumonia (62.9%) or both (59.2%). Other features included eczema (37%), candidiasis (55.5%), facial dysmorphism (55.5%), recurrent fractures (11.1%), and retained primary teeth (7.4%).Mycobacterialinfections were seen in a significant 18.5%. Mortality was seen in three subjects (11.1%). A similar trend in the clinical presentation was observed when all the 103 patients were analyzed together. Twenty percent of patients without a rare variant in the STAT3 gene had an NIH score of ≥40, whereas, 51.9% of STAT3 HIES subjects had scores below the cut off of ≥40. TH17 cell numbers were low in 10/11 (90.9%) STAT3 HIES tested. Rare variants observed were 8 in exon 21; 8 in exon 13; 3 in exon 10; 2 in exon 15, and one each in exon 6, 16, 17, 19, 22, and splice site downstream of exon 12. Seven variants were novel and included F174S, N567D, L404Sfs*8, G419 =, M329K, T714I, R518X, and a splice site variant downstream of exon 12.Conclusions:The report includes seven novel STAT3 variants, including a rare linker domain nonsense variant and a CC domain variant.Mycobacterialdiseases were more frequent, compared to western literature.
Club Cell Loss as a Feature of Bronchiolization in ILD
Authors: Reynaud Paul , Ahmed Engi , Serre Isabelle , Knabe Lucie , Bommart Sébastien , Suehs Carey , Vachier Isabelle , Berthet Jean Philippe , Romagnoli Micaela , Vernisse Charlotte , Mallet Jean Pierre , Gamez Anne Sophie , Bourdin Arnaud 
Published: February 2021

Background: Distal airway metaplasia may precede honeycombing in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). The SCGB1A1+ bronchiolar-specific club cell may play a role in this aberrant regenerative process.Objective: To assess the presence of club cells in the small airways of patients suffering from ILD.Methods: Small airways (internal diameter &lt;2 mm) in lung samples [surgical lung biopsy (SLB) and/or transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC)] from 14 patients suffering from ILD and 10 controls were morphologically assessed and stained for SCGB1A1. SCGB1A1 was weighted by epithelial height as a marker of airway generation (SCGB1A1/EH). Correlations between clinical, functional, and high-resolution CT (HRCT) prognostic factors and histomorphometry were assessed.Results: Small airways from samples with ILD patterns were significantly less dense in terms of SCGB1A1+ cells [0.064 (0.020–0.172)] as compared to controls' sample's small airways [0.393 (0.082–0.698), p &lt; 0.0001]. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns most frequently contained small airways with limited or absent SCGB1A1 expression (SCGB1A1/EH &lt;0.025): UIP (18/33; 55%) as compared with non-UIP patterns (4/31; 13%) or controls (0/29; 0%): p &lt; 0.0001. In addition, correlations with HRCT indicated a significant negative relationship between SCGB1A1 and bronchiectasis as a feature of bronchiolization (Rho −0.63, p &lt; 0.001) and a positive relationship with both forced vital capacity (FVC) and Hounsfield unit (HU)-distribution pattern in kurtosis (Rho 0.38 and 0.50, respectively, both p &lt; 0.001) as markers of fibrotic changes.Conclusion: Compared with controls, the small airways of patients with ILD more often lack SCGB1A1, especially so in UIP. Low densities of SCGB1A1-marked cells correlate with bronchiectasis and fibrotic changes. Further research investigating SCGB1A1 staining as a pathological feature of the bronchiolization process is merited.
Treatment of Intestinal Inflammation With Epicutaneous Immunotherapy Requires TGF-β and IL-10 but Not Foxp3+ Tregs
Authors: Chen Xin , Berin M. Cecilia , Gillespie Virginia L. , Sampson Hugh A. , Dunkin David 
Published: February 2021

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves an increase in T effector cells in the intestines that disrupts the normal balance with T regulatory cells (Tregs). A therapy that restores this balance has the potential to treat IBD. We have shown that epicutaneous exposure to OVA induces Tregs that are able to induce tolerance. The Tregs also migrate to the intestines where they alleviate colitis in mice, demonstrating the potential for skin induced Tregs to treat intestinal inflammation. We investigated the role of Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β in the suppression of colitis by epicutaneous immunotherapy (ET).Methods: RAG1−/− mice were transferred with CD4+CD45RBhi T cells from wild type mice to induce colitis. To determine whether Foxp3+ Tregs, IL-10-, or TGF-β-producing Tregs were necessary, Foxp3-DTR, IL-10−/−, or CD4-dnTGFBRII mice were immunized with OVA and OVA TCR enriched T cells were added. As control groups, some mice were given OVA TCR enriched T cells from wild type mice or no OVA TCR enriched T cells. Half of the mice in each group were then exposed on the skin to Viaskin patches containing OVA weekly for 3 weeks. Mice given OVA TCR enriched T cells from Foxp3-DTR mice were given diphtheria toxin (DT) or not in addition to ET. Mice were assessed for weight loss, colon length, colonic cytokine production, and histological inflammation.Results: ET, after injection with OVA TCR enriched T cells derived from wild type mice, prevented weight loss, decreased colonic inflammatory cytokine production and histological colitis. ET in the absence of the OVA TCR enriched T cells did not alleviate colitis. ET, after injection with OVA TCR enriched T cells derived from Foxp3-DTR mice, prevented weight loss, decreased colonic inflammatory cytokine production, and histological colitis. Ablation with DT did not impair the ability of ET to alleviate colitis. ET failed to alleviate colitis when OVA TCR enriched T cells were derived from IL-10−/− or CD4-dnTGFBRII mice.Conclusions: ET through induction of Tregs, which produce IL-10 and TGF-β, could be a promising treatment for IBD.
Evaluation of an Automatic Classification Algorithm Using Convolutional Neural Networks in Oncological Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Pinochet Pierre , Eude Florian , Becker Stéphanie , Shah Vijay , Sibille Ludovic , Toledano Mathieu Nessim , Modzelewski Romain , Vera Pierre , Decazes Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the performance in clinical research and in clinical routine of a research prototype, called positron emission tomography (PET) Assisted Reporting System (PARS) (Siemens Healthineers) and based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is designed to detect suspected cancer sites in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT).Method: We retrospectively studied two cohorts of patients. The first cohort consisted of research-based patients who underwent PET scans as part of the initial workup for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The second cohort consisted of patients who underwent PET scans as part of the evaluation of miscellaneous cancers in clinical routine. In both cohorts, we assessed the correlation between manually and automatically segmented total metabolic tumor volumes (TMTVs), and the overlap between both segmentations (Dice score). For the research cohort, we also compared the prognostic value for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of manually and automatically obtained TMTVs.Results: For the first cohort (research cohort), data from 119 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The median Dice score between automatic and manual segmentations was 0.65. The intraclass correlation coefficient between automatically and manually obtained TMTVs was 0.68. Both TMTV results were predictive of PFS (hazard ratio: 2.1 and 3.3 for automatically based and manually based TMTVs, respectively) and OS (hazard ratio: 2.4 and 3.1 for automatically based and manually based TMTVs, respectively). For the second cohort (routine cohort), data from 430 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The median Dice score between automatic and manual segmentations was 0.48. The intraclass correlation coefficient between automatically and manually obtained TMTVs was 0.61.Conclusion: The TMTVs determined for the research cohort remain predictive of total and PFS for DLBCL. However, the segmentations and TMTVs determined automatically by the algorithm need to be verified and, sometimes, corrected to be similar to the manual segmentation.
Target Detection Using Ternary Classification During a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task Using Magnetoencephalography Data
Authors: Zhang Chuncheng , Qiu Shuang , Wang Shengpei , He Huiguang 
Published: February 2021

Background: The rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm is a high-speed paradigm of brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. The target stimuli evoke event-related potential (ERP) activity of odd-ball effect, which can be used to detect the onsets of targets. Thus, the neural control can be produced by identifying the target stimulus. However, the ERPs in single trials vary in latency and length, which makes it difficult to accurately discriminate the targets against their neighbors, the near-non-targets. Thus, it reduces the efficiency of the BCI paradigm.Methods: To overcome the difficulty of ERP detection against their neighbors, we proposed a simple but novel ternary classification method to train the classifiers. The new method not only distinguished the target against all other samples but also further separated the target, near-non-target, and other, far-non-target samples. To verify the efficiency of the new method, we performed the RSVP experiment. The natural scene pictures with or without pedestrians were used; the ones with pedestrians were used as targets. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data of 10 subjects were acquired during presentation. The SVM and CNN in EEGNet architecture classifiers were used to detect the onsets of target.Results: We obtained fairly high target detection scores using SVM and EEGNet classifiers based on MEG data. The proposed ternary classification method showed that the near-non-target samples can be discriminated from others, and the separation significantly increased the ERP detection scores in the EEGNet classifier. Moreover, the visualization of the new method suggested the different underling of SVM and EEGNet classifiers in ERP detection of the RSVP experiment.Conclusion: In the RSVP experiment, the near-non-target samples contain separable ERP activity. The ERP detection scores can be increased using classifiers of the EEGNet model, by separating the non-target into near- and far-targets based on their delay against targets.
Promoter Hypermethylation Analysis of Host Genes in Cervical Cancer Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Botswana
Authors: Tawe Leabaneng , Grover Surbhi , Zetola Nicola , Robertson Erle S. , Gaseitsiwe Simani , Moyo Sikhulile , Kasvosve Ishmael , Paganotti Giacomo M. , Narasimhamurthy Mohan 
Published: February 2021

Background: Epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cervical cancer are interconnected. DNA hypermethylation of host genes' promoter in cervical lesions has also been recognized as a contributor to cervical cancer progression.Methods: For this purpose we analyzed promoter methylation of four tumor suppressor genes (RARB, CADM1, DAPK1 and PAX1) and explored their possible association with cervical cancer in Botswana among women of known HIV status. Overall, 228 cervical specimens (128 cervical cancers and 100 non-cancer subjects) were used. Yates-corrected chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to explore the association of promoter methylation for each host gene and cancer status. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was performed to find which factors, HIV status, high risk-HPV genotypes, patient's age and promoter methylation, were associated with the following dependent variables: cancer status, cervical cancer stage and promoter methylation rate.Results: In patients with cervical cancer the rate of promoter methylation observed was greater than 64% in all the genes studied. Analysis also showed a higher risk of cervical cancer according to the increased number of methylated promoter genes (OR = 6.20; 95% CI: 3.66–10.51; P &lt; 0.001). RARB methylation showed the strongest association with cervical cancer compared to other genes (OR = 15.25; 95% CI: 6.06–40.0; P &lt; 0.001). Cervical cancer and promoter methylation of RARB and DAPK1 genes were associated with increasing age (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26; P = 0.037 and OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.10; P = 0.040). The presence of epigenetic changes at those genes appeared to be independent of HIV status among subjects with cervical cancer. Moreover, we found that cervical cancer stage was influenced by RARB (χ2= 7.32; P = 0.002) and CADM1 (χ2=12.68; P = 0.013) hypermethylation, and HIV status (χ2= 19.93; P = 0.001).Conclusion: This study confirms the association between invasive cervical cancer and promoter gene methylation of tumor suppressing genes at the site of cancer. HIV infection did not show any association to methylation changes in this group of cervical cancer patients from Botswana. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of HIV in methylation of host genes among cancer subjects leading to cervical cancer progression.