bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Structured Multimodal Program for Improving The Pediatric Discharge Summaries At The University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Thacker Jigar P , Patel Dipen , Phatak Ajay G , Tandon Krutika , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective:

Discharge Summary (DS) is the vital document for the ongoing patient care. We aimed to improve the quality of DS given from our pediatric ward of tertiary teaching hospital.
Methods:

We introduced longitudinal multimodal program. Residents preparing the DS were given the education in a small group. Peer audit of the summaries were done by each residents at several occasions followed by feedback from consultant concluding the lesions for improvement. Summaries rechecking by senior residents or consultants was made mandatory once prepared by junior residents. Discussion on discharge processes was emphasized during the ward round including DS documentation points. We didn’t find suitable pediatric DS assessment tool in the literature. We developed a scoring system evaluating 33 components of DS under seven broad headings. A scoring tool had good inter-rater reliability. We introduced the program in May 2018. 33 summaries were evaluated each from last quarter (October to December) of the calendar year 2017, 2018, and 2019 as a pre-intervention, post-intervention, and retention analysis respectively.
Results:

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the Mean(SD) total % score improved significantly (P<0.001). However, the post-hoc test showed that the improvement was significant (p=0.01) from 2017 to 2018 but from 2018 to 2019 improvement was statistically non-significant (p=0.43). Domains like History, Physical Examination, and Discharge Plan were improved significantly, but the domain of Hospital Course was resistant to improve despite interventions.
Conclusion:

DS quality prepared by the residents in a teaching institute can be improved by various educations approaches and work system changes.
The Performance of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing In Suspected Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Liu Li , Yu Yamin , Shi Yi , Su Xin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology in patients of suspected central nervous system infection.Methods: From January 2018 to March 2021, 75 cases were enrolled in this retrospective analysis at Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital. The clinical data of patients with suspected central nervous system infection who underwent cerebrospinal fluid mNGS were analyzed. The performances of mNGS were compared with the conventional methods.Result: The sensitivity of mNGS, culture and smear in the diagnosis of 75 patients were 55%, 4.4%, 6.7%; theirs’specificity were 54.3%, 100%, 100%; theirs’ positive predictive value (PPV ) were 57.9%, 100%, 100%; theirs’negative predictive value (NPV) were 51.4%, 41.4%, 41.7%, respectively. There was 41(54.6%) cases whose mNGS results were consistent with the final diagnosis. 22(29.3%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS positive/Case consistent; 19( 25.3%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS negative/Case consistent; 18(24%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS positive/Case inconsistent; 16(21.3%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS negative/Case inconsistent. mNGS identified 35 irrelavant pathogens in this study.Conclusion: mNGS showed a high sensitivity compared to conventional methods. There are still several challenges in clinical application. It is necessary to establish unified and effective standards for interpreting mNGS results.
Clinical Significance of the Pre-albumin Level in Gastric Cancer Patients who Receive Curative Treatment
Authors: aoyama toru , Nakazono Masato , Segami Kenki , Nagasawa Shinsuke , Kano Kazuki , Hara Kentaro , Maezawa Yukio , Hashimoto Itaru , Suematsu Hideaki , Watanabe Hayato , Komori Keisuke , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Yukawa Norio , Rino Yasushi , Ogata Takashi , Oshima Takashi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background We investigated the clinical influence of the prealbumin level on the gastric cancer survival and recurrence after curative treatment.Methods This study included 447 patients who underwent curative treatment for gastric cancer between 2013 and 2017. The risk factors for the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were identified. Results A prealbumin level of 20 mg/dl was regarded as the optimal point of classification, considering the 3- and 5-year survival rates. The OS rates at 3 and 5 years after surgery were 80.7% and 65.0% in the low-prealbumin group, respectively, and 93.1% and 87.9% in the high-prealbumin group, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The RFS rates at 3 and 5 years after surgery were 71.7% and 68.0% in the low-prealbumin group, respectively, and 90.1% and 84.7% in the high-prealbumin group, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p=0.031). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the prealbumin level was a significant independent risk factor for the OS and RFS. In addition, the rate of introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly lower and the frequency of peritoneal recurrence and lymph node recurrence significantly higher in the low-prealbumin group than in the high-prealbumin group. Conclusion Prealbumin is a risk factor for the survival in patients who undergo curative treatment for gastric cancer. It is necessary to develop an effective plan of perioperative care and surgical strategy according to the prealbumin level.
Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals as Environmental-Friendly and Multi-Functional Additives for Bentonite Water-Based Drilling Fluids Under High-temperature Conditions
Authors: Li Xinliang , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
During the oil and gas drilling engineering, the selection of drilling fluids must take account of the technical and environmental factors. This study investigated the effectiveness of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (denoted as CNCs) as environmentally friendly additives in improving the rheological, filtration, and inhibitive performances of bentonite (BT) water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). CNCs used in this study were modified by carboxylation reaction, displaying small size, negative surface charge, good colloidal stability, and prominent shear thinning behavior. The experimental results indicated that BT/CNC suspensions had superior rheological properties, low fluid loss volumes, and effective inhibition, even at 140 °C. Microstructure analysis demonstrated that CNCs could attach to the surface of BT via hydrogen bond and ionic bond. CNCs, BT, and vicinal water molecules could form a stiff gel network, which had a strong resistance to flow under shear force, leading to a significant improvement in the rheological properties. Moreover, under the differential pressure, BT/CNC suspensions formed thin and less hydrophilic filter cakes with compact layered structure, thereby efficiently decreasing the fluid loss volume. Finally, due to the gel network and filtration ability, BT/CNC suspensions performed low water activity, which was beneficial for preventing the penetration of free water into the shales and borehole well. Thus CNCs also exerted satisfactory inhibition on hydration and dispersion of BT and shales. As a result, CNCs showed great potential to be used as efficient, multi-functional, and environmentally friendly additives in WBDFs.
Gene Networks Reveal LASP1, TUBA1C, and S100A6 as Likely Drivers of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Karimi Nafiseh , Bashi Majid Motovalli , Ghaderi-Zefrehei Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a non-contagious and chronic disease of the central nervous system, is an unpredictable and indirectly inherited disease affecting different people in different ways.Using Omics platforms data i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, interactomics, and metabolomics it is now possible to construct sound systems biology models to extract full knowledge of the MS and path the way to likely construct personalized and therapeutic tools.Methods: In this study, we learned many Bayesian Networks in order to find the transcriptional gene regulation networks that drive MS disease. We used a set of BN algorithms using the R add-on package bnlearn. The BN results underwent further downstream analysis and were validated using a wide range of Cytoscape algorithms, web based computational tools and qPCR amplification of blood samples from 56 MS patients and 44 healthy controls. The results were semantically integrated to come up with improved understanding of the complex molecular architecture underlying MS, distinguishing distinct metabolic pathways and providing a valuable foundation for the discovery of deriven genes and possibly new treatments. Results: Results show that the LASP1, TUBA1C, and S100A6 genes were most significant and likely playing a biological role in MS development. Results from qPCR showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in LASP1 and S100A6 gene expression levels in MS patients compared to controls. However, a significant down regulation of TUBA1C was observed in the same comparison. Conclusion: This study provides potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for increasing understanding of gene regulation underlying MS.
Fingerprinting the Spatial Sources of Fine-grained Sediment Deposited in the Bed of the Mehran River Draining into the Northern Coast of the Persian Gulf using Elemental Geochemistry
Authors: Fatahi Atefe , Gholami Hamid , Esmaeilpour Yahya , Fathabadi Aboalhasan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accurate information on the sources of suspended sediment in riverine systems is essential to target mitigation. Accordingly, we applied a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework for quantifying contributions from three sub-basin spatial sediment sources in the Mehran River catchment draining into the Persian Gulf, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. A total of 28 sediment samples were collected from the three sub-basin sources and six from the overall outlet. 43 geochemical elements (e.g., major, trace and rare earth elements) were measured in the samples. Four different combinations of statistical tests comprising: 1) traditional range test (TRT), Kruskal-Wallis (KW) H-test and stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) (TRT+KW+DFA); 2) traditional range test using mean values (RTM) and two additional tests (RTM+KW+DFA); 3) TRT+KW+PCA (principle component analysis), and; 4) RTM+KW+PCA, were used to the spatial sediment source discrimination. Tracer bi-plots were used as an additional step to assess the tracers selected in the different final composite signatures for source discrimination. The predictions of spatial source contributions generated by GLUE were assessed using statistical tests and virtual sample mixtures. On this basis, TRT+KW+DFA and RTM+KW+DFA yielded the best source discrimination and the tracers in these composite signatures were shown by the biplots to be broadly conservative during transportation from source to sink. Using these final two composite signatures, the estimated mean contributions for the western, central and eastern sub-basins, respectively, ranged between 10-60% (overall mean contribution 36%), 0.3-16% (overall mean contribution 6%) and 38-77% (overall mean contribution 58%). In comparison, the final tracers selected using TRT+KW+PCA generated respective corresponding contributions of 1-42% (overall mean 20%), 0.5-30% (overall mean 12%) and 55-84% (overall mean 68%) compared with 17-69% (overall mean 41%), 0.2-12% (overall mean 5%) and 29-76% (overall mean 54%) using the final tracers selected by RTM+KW+PCA. Based on the mean absolute fit (MAF; ≥ 95% for all target sediment samples) and goodness-of-fit (GOF; ≥ 99% for all samples), GLUE with the final tracers selected using TRT+KW+PCA performed slightly better than GLUE with the final signatures selected by the three other combinations of statistical tests. Based on the virtual mixture tests, however, predictions provided by GLUE with the final tracers selected using TRT+KW+DFA and RTM+KW+DFA (mean MAE = 11% and mean RMSE = 13%) performed marginally better than GLUE with RTM+KW+PCA (mean MAE = 14% and mean RMSE =16%) and GLUE with TRT+KW+PCA (mean MAE = 17% and mean RMSE = 19%). The estimated source proportions can help watershed engineers plan the targeting of conservation programmes for soil and water resources.
Rhodococcus Yananensis Sp. Nov., Isolated From Microbial Fermentation Bed Material From a Pig Farm
Authors: Jiang Yingying , Zheng Chaochao , Yu Tianfei , Li Jing , Ai Jiamin , Li Maiping , Liu Xiaodong , Deng Zhenshan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An opaque, pink-colored, gram-positive, aerobic bacteria (designated FBM22-1T), 0.5 to 1.0 μm in width and 0.5 to 1.5 μm in length, was isolated from microbial fermentation bed material from a pig farm in northwestern China. Optimal growth occurred at 30–37℃, pH 7.0, and 0.5% NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate belonged to the family Nocardiaceae of the class Actinomycetia. FBM22-1T is closely related to Rhodococcus zopfii NBRC 100606T and Rhodococcus rhodochrous NBRC 16069T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.95% and 97.73%, respectively. The predominant respiratory quinone in FBM22-1T was ubiquinone MK-8(H2), and the cellular fatty acids consisted primarily of C16:1ω7c/16:1ω6c, C16:0, and C18:0 10-methly1. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and glycolipids. The G+C content of FBM22-1T was 68.64 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic characterization, in combination with low values of digital DNA–DNA hybridization between FBM22-1T and its closest neighbors, FBM22-1T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus yananensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is FBM22-1T (=KCTC 49502T = CCTCC 2020275T).
Influence of Non-newtonian Properties of Liquid in Microchannels on Pressure Drop and Bubble Length
Authors: Yang Gang , Feng Kai , Li Jia-Pei , Gao Yu-Hang , Zhang Hui-Chen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pressure drop and bubble morphology are essential characteristics of microfluidic system design and process control. In this paper, a new type of microfluidic chip was designed and produced, including a flow-focusing device and a fluid transport device to simulate bubble generation and fluid transport in practical applications. Nitrogen and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solutions of different concentrations were used as the gas and liquid phases. Single-phase flow and two-phase flow experiments were designed according to the commonly used flow conditions in the microchannel. By changing the flow rates of liquid and gas, the pressure drop in the fluid transport device of the two fluid states, the length of the bubble generated in the flow-focusing device, and the length of the bubble after passing through the transport device were measured, respectively. The influence of non-Newtonian characteristics of the liquid on pressure drop and the length of the generated bubbles were analyzed. The results show that the non-Newtonian characteristics of fluid have a significant effect on the pressure drop of single-phase flow and two-phase flow. Within a specific flow velocity range, the bubble length can be predicted according to the dimensionless number of the liquid. The pressure drop increases the bubble length to varying degrees.
L- Arginine Supplementation Protections Sodium Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity And Hypertension By Suppressing Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity
Authors: Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Awodele Olusola Adedayo , Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Tijani Monsuru Oladunjoye , Adejumobi Olumuyiwa Abiola , Adetona Moses Olusola , Adedapo Aduragbenro Deborah A. , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Aro Abimbola Obemisola , Ola-Davies Olufunke Eunice , Saba Adebowale Benard , Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Nkadimeng Sanah Malomile , McGaw Lyndy Joy , Kayoka-Kabongo Prudence Ngalula , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi , Yakubu Momoh Audu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of the neglected environmental toxicants that has continued to silently cause toxicity to both humans and animals. NaF is universally present in water, soil and the atmosphere. The persistent and alarming rate of increase in cardiovascular and renal diseases and disorders caused by chemicals such as sodium fluoride (NaF) in mammalian tissues have led to the use of various drugs for the treatment of these diseases. This study aims at evaluating the renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of L- Arginine on NaF-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty male Wistar rats (150 – 180 g) were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each as Control, NaF (300 ppm), NaF + L- Arginine (100 mg/kg), NaF + L- Arginine (200 mg/kg), and NaF + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively; orally for eight days. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) were performed. Markers of renal damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant defence system, and blood pressure parameters were determined. L- Arginine significantly (p <0.05) ameliorated the hypertensive effects of NaF. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of the treated groups were significantly (p< 0.05) reduced compared with the hypertensive group. This finding was concurrent with significantly increased serum bioavailability of nitric oxide in the hypertensive treated groups. Also, there was significant reduction in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the serum of the hypertensive rats treated with L- arginine. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in markers of oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) and concurrent increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney of hypertensive rats treated with L arginine. The results of this study suggest that L- Arginine normalized high blood pressure, reduced oxidative stress, reduced the expression of renal ACE and MCR, and improved nitric oxide production. Thus, L- Arginine holds promise as a potential therapy against hypertension and renal damage.
Anthropometric Measures and Breast Cancer Risk among Hispanic Women in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ramírez-Marrero Farah A , Nazario Cruz Maria , Rosario-Rosado Rosa V , Schelske-Santos Michelle , Mansilla-Rivera Imar , Nie Jing , Hernandez-Santiago Johan M , Freudenheim Jo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While there is consistent evidence of increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with higher body mass index (BMI), higher adult weight gain and higher waist circumference in North American and European populations, there is little evidence for Hispanic women. Among Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR), breast cancer is the leading type of cancer, and leading cause of cancer related deaths. However, compared with the United States, breast cancer rates are lower but increasing more rapidly. Purpose: To determine associations between anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women in PR. Methods: Data from a population-based case control study in the San Juan metropolitan region was used to examine associations between anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk, also considering menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT). Results: Among premenopausal women, BMI equal or higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist to height ratio (WHtR) of 0.53 or higher were associated with lower odds of breast cancer. For postmenopausal breast cancer, waist circumference of 86.4 cm or higher, WHtR of 0.57 or higher, waist to hip ratio of 0.84 or greater, and height of 150 cm or taller were associated with lower odds of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that associations of risk with anthropometry may differ for Hispanic women. Future studies should include measures of fat and lean mass distribution to further understand anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk among Hispanic women.
A Publicly Available Dataset of Out-of-Field Dose Profiles of a 6 MV Linear Accelerator
Authors: Peet Samuel , Cassim Naasiha , Kairn Tanya , Trapp Jamie V , Crowe Scott B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An increase in radiotherapy-induced secondary malignancies has led to recent developments in analytical modelling of out-of-field dose. These models must be validated against measurements, but currently available datasets are outdated or limited in scope. This study aimed to address these shortcomings by producing a large dataset of out-of-field dose profiles measured with modern equipment. A novel method was developed with the intention of allowing physicists in all clinics to perform these measurements themselves using commonly available dosimetry equipment. A standard 3D scanning water tank was used to collect 36 extended profiles. Each profile was measured in two sections, with the inner section measured with the beam directly incident on the tank, and the outer section with the beam incident on a water-equivalent phantom abutted next to the tank. The two sections were then stitched using a novel feature-matching approach. The profiles were compared against linac commissioning data and manually inspected for discontinuities in the overlap region. The dataset is presented as a publicly accessible comma separated variable file containing off-axis ratios at a range of off-axis distances. This dataset may be applied to the development and validation of analytical models of out-of-field dose. Additionally, it may be used to inform dose estimates to radiosensitive implants and anatomy. Physicists are encouraged to perform these out-of-field measurements in their own clinics and share their results with the community.
Novel topological end modes and breaking of bulk boundary correspondence in skin-effect absent superconductive chain
Authors: Wang Huan-Yu , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Topological nontrivial systems feature isolated gapless edge modes, and play a key role in advancing our understanding of quantum matter. A most profound way to characterize edge modes above is through bulk topological invariants, which is known as bulk boundary correspondence. Recent studies on non-Hermitian physics have pronounced the broken bulk-boundary correspondence with the presence of skin effect. Here, we propose a new type of fermionic topological edge modes η, satisfying η+= iη,η2=-i. Remarkably, we demonstrate that for both two cases: superconductive chain with purely η modes and quantum chain with η, Majorana modes γ on different ends, fermion parity can be well defined. Interestingly, for the latter case, broken bulk boundary correspondence is observed despite the absence of skin effects . The phenomenon above is unique to open quantum systems. For the junction with both η,γ modes, the current will not remain sinusoid form but decay exponentially. The exchange of η modes obeys the rules of non-abelian statistics, and can find its applications in topological quantum computing.