bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIM waveguide structure consisting of a baffle and a ring cavity embedded in a square metal layer
Authors: Li Zijun , Chen Li , Yao Ming , Wen Kunhua 
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a design for a tunable plasmon refractive index nanosensor based on Fano resonance. The proposed structure comprises a metal–insulator–metal waveguide featuring a silver baffle and a ring cavity embedded in a square (RCSQ). This innovative structural configuration effectively excites dual Fano resonances by leveraging the unique properties of its constituent elements and geometry. The transmission spectrum and electric field at the resonance were simulated using the finite element method (FEM) in two-dimensional space, providing an in-depth explanation of the formation mechanism of the Fano resonance, as well as analyzing how various structural parameters influence sensor characteristics. Simulation results indicate that the Fano peak can be readily tuned by adjusting cavity parameters and refractive indices. Common tuning of the Fano resonance is achievable through modifications to the proportionality constant of the RCSQ. Finally, we optimize and analyze the sensor characteristics of this structure, achieving sensitivity levels up to 2750 nm/RIU with a figure of merit (FOM) of 3.48×104. Consequently, this structure holds significant potential for applications in optical nanosensors.
Fusion splicing of a single-mode fiber with a pure-silica core and graded-index fiber-lens: toward an optimal fabrication of optical collimators
Authors: Minkin Aleksander , Vatolina Alina , Krauzina Marina , Krauzin Pavel , Medvedeva Natalia , Zhikina Lyudmila 
Published: January 2025

Lensed fibers consisting of a microlens introduced at the end of the SMF are important
devices for coupling power from lasers to fibers, between two fibers,
or from fibers to other waveguide devices, such as photodetectors,
MEMS optical switches, and in other non-telecom applications. This
work examines the parameters and manufacturing technology of
graded-index fiber (GIF) lenses using fluorine-doped silica optical
fibers, driven by the expanding applications of these fibers and the
need for compact collimator lenses. The impact of fluorine diffusion
during fusion splicing on the parameters of GIF lenses is examined. In
addition, the effect of fusion splicing parameters on coupling
efficiency and reflectance analysis of GIF lenses is theoretically
analyzed and compared with experimental results. The collimator
system, including an input and an identical output collimator,
demonstrated a coupling loss of less than −0.6dB through a gap of up to 0.5 mm.
The SMF/GIF splice losses were approximately –105–(–120) dB, while the
return losses on the GIF lens surface end were approximately –18–(–23)
dB.
Neural network-based equalizers for nonlinear frequency division multiplexing transmission
Authors: Wang Ruichen , Hu Qingsong , Zhou Junhe 
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) offers a possible solution to the fiber nonlinearity-induced signal distortion in the optical fiber networks. However, the application of NFDM is challenged during the information retrieval after perturbed propagation. The paper proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, nonlinear frequency domain neural network (NN)-based equalizer that exploits the phase relationship between modulated information on different eigenvalues. Similar parameters are utilized in a time-domain NN to address the overall complexity issue of the receiver. Such configurations enhance performance and reduce the computational complexity. In the dual-polarization NFDM (DP-NFDM) transmitting systems, the proposed NN-based equalizers successfully maintain a low bit error rate (BER) after up to 2800 km transmission, demonstrating an effective approach to address the perturbation issue in NFDM.
Interferometric micro-grating accelerometer based on vertical packaging
Authors: You Chengxin , Shi Yunbo , Zhao Rui , Liu Wenyao , Ren Xingqiao , Gao Shijie 
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the optical sensing system based on the principle
of Michelson interference. A multilayer diffraction grating is
employed to decrease the zeroth-order light, which allows for the
vertical packaging of both the light source and the sensing structure
to reduce the packaging volume. The accelerometer has achieved a
sensitivity of 82.52 V/g with a dynamic range of
1.46 mg. The R2coefficient is 99.98%, and the
linearity after fitting is 99.55%. The background noise
of the accelerometer within the 0–80 Hz range is , while the zero-bias stability at
room temperature is 3.55 µg. The packaging dimensions are .
The survey of vaccination hesitancy among the residents in Jinan
Authors: Wang Dabing , Chen Shiyu , Cui Gaoyu , Wang Dequan , Liu Hong , Zhao Lihui , Wang Xiang , Chen Yuewei 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Vaccination is an important way to prevent disease, but vaccine hesitancy will impact vaccine coverage and indirectly affect health. This study aims to survey the status of vaccine hesitancy among adults in Jinan.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the vaccine hesitancy scale among the parents of children and teenagers at hospitals in Jinan, China. We described the attitude of the parents to the vaccination through the dimensions of confidence (items: L1-L7) and the risk (items:L8-L10).The participants will be regarded as lacking confidence if the score is over 21 among the items (L1-L7), and participants will consider the vaccination to be a “Risk” if the score is over 9 among the items (L8-L10). Using the chi-square test to analyse the differences of attitude between different participants.

Results
202 individuals were enrolled, and most respondents (88.70%) agreed that vaccines are important for their child’s health. 33.50% agreed and strongly agreed that new vaccines carried more risks than older vaccines. The average score for the lack of confidence in the vaccination was 11±0.25. The average score for risk for vaccination was 9.92±0.04. Participants aged below 30 years, females, those with lower education, and those without medical workers in the family were more concerned about the risks of vaccines.

Conclusions
Participants were confident about the vaccination. But they were also concerned about the risks of vaccines. A lack of vaccine knowledge may led the participants to have hesitancy about vaccinations.
Development and validation of the health education demand scale for HPV infected patients based on KANO model
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Luo Li , Du Shuaihui , Hou Die , Zhang Yaling , He Limin , Zhou Lihua 
Published: January 2025

Objective
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the scale of health education demand of patients with HPV infection based on KANO model, so as to provide a tool for further exploring the types of health education demand and influencing factors of patients with HPV infection.

Methods
This study is a scale development and validation study using a three-stage cross-sectional design. In stage 1, a preliminary item pool is formed using literature review, semi-structured interviews and the Delphi method. In stage 2, six experts were invited to assess content validity. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1169 patients with HPV infection, Questionnaire results from 583 patients were used for exploratory factor analysis. In stage 3, the remaining 586 patients to validate the factor structure through confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
In stage 1, an initial 35-item scale was developed and the items were transformed positive and reverse based on KANO model. In stage 2, Exploratory factor analysis formed a scale of 28 items in 5 factors: disease information demand, social support, emotional demand, family support and health education style demand. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.940 for the entire scale and 0.763~0.908 for the five subscales in the positive items, 0.955 for the entire scale and 0.739~0.946 for the five subscales in reverse items. The content validity index of the scale: S-CVI/UA = 0.91, S-CVI/Ave = 0.98. In stage 3, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the χ2/df, RMSEA, CFI and TLI of the positive items after four model modifications were 3.650, 0.067, 0.901, 0.888, and the SRMR value was < 0.001. The fitting of the five-factor model was good.

Conclusion
The KANO model based questionnaire on health education demand of HPV infected patients has good reliability and validity, and is suitable for the investigation of health education demand of HPV infected patients.
Creating a culture, not just a space—A qualitative investigation into reflective practice groups in inpatient mental health settings from the perspectives of facilitators and attendees
Authors: Yiu Pui Lok Joshua , McDonogh Abbie , Gill Harpreet , Billings Jo 
Published: January 2025

Background
Working in inpatient mental health settings is often characterised by highly emotive work and staff shortages. Despite the suggested benefits of reflective practice groups on staff well-being and clinical practice across healthcare settings, to date, there have been limited empirical studies on reflective practice groups in inpatient mental health settings, especially on group engagement and improvement.

Methods
We interviewed fifteen participants, including both facilitators and attendees of reflective practice groups. Participants were from eight inpatient mental health wards across two National Health Service settings in the UK. We analysed interview transcripts using thematic analysis.

Result
We deductively organised the data into themes and subthemes under three overarching domains–“Impact”, “Factors on Engagement”, and “Improvement”. Theme development was generated inductively from the data. For impacts, we found reflective practice groups may bolster staff reflective capacity and team cohesion. The groups may help attendees create appropriate distance from their emotions and overcome power hierarchies. We discovered that the availability of reflective practice, sense of containment in groups, and team composition may influence group facilitation and engagement. For improvements, different measures could be adopted to improve access and engagement of staff with difficulties attending. Facilitators may benefit from more support to establish a reflective culture and experiment with new ways of facilitating.

Discussion
Our findings add to the growing evidence base of the potential value of reflective practice groups in inpatient settings and elaborate on novel mechanisms of their potential impact. This study highlights changeable factors for engagement, concrete recommendations for improvements, and opportunities for further research.
Optimal Population Screening Strategies for Liver Fibrosis Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Kim W. Ray , Mannalithara Ajitha , Charu Vivek , Chung Nakia , Kwong Allison , Kwo Paul Y. , Torok Natalie J. , Asch Steven M. , Kim Sun H. 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an important public health threat, potentially leading to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Current guidelines recommend using the Fibrosis-4 score for initial identification of subjects at risk of future complications. We formulate a novel population screening strategy based on the Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator (SAFE) score, recently developed for MASLD risk stratification in primary care.

METHODS:
We interrogated the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2017–20, in which a sample of subjects representative of US civilian population underwent vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). The current guideline and a new, SAFE-based proposal were applied to these data to project the number of subjects to be diagnosed with liver fibrosis gauged by liver stiffness measurement (LSM), including significant (LSM ≥8 kPa) and advanced (LSM ≥12 kPa) fibrosis, as well as the number of VCTEs to be performed.

RESULTS:
In the survey data, 2,691 subjects, projecting to 75.8 million US adults, were found to have MASLD, of whom 11% had LSM 8–12 kPa and 6% LSM ≥12 kPa. When the current guideline was applied, 18.1 million VCTEs would be needed to diagnose 3.5 million subjects with LSM ≥8 kPa and 1.7 million subjects with LSM ≥12 kPa. In comparison, a new approach based on the SAFE score would detect 4.9 million with LSM ≥8 kPa and 2.5 million subjects with LSM ≥12 kPa (37% and 45% improvement over the current guideline, respectively), while requiring 5.0 million fewer VCTEs (28% reduction).

DISCUSSION:
The proposed population risk stratification approach using the SAFE score is simpler and substantially more effective, yielding more subjects with liver fibrosis while requiring less resources compared with the currently recommended algorithm.
Boussinesq’s equation for water waves: the soliton resolution conjecture for Sector IV
Authors: Charlier Christophe , Lenells Jonatan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider the Boussinesq equation on the line for a broad class of Schwartz initial data relevant for water waves. In a recent work, we identified ten main sectors describing the asymptotic behavior of the solution, and for each of these sectors we gave an exact expression for the leading asymptotic term in the case when no solitons are present. In this paper, we derive an asymptotic formula in Sector IV, characterized by

x

t

∈

(

1

3

,
1

)

$\frac{x}{t}\in \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}},1\right)$

, in the case when solitons are present. In particular, our results provide an exact expression for the soliton-radiation interaction to leading order and a verification of the soliton resolution conjecture for the Boussinesq equation in Sector IV.
The Sobolev extension problem on trees and in the plane
Authors: Carruth Jacob , Israel Arie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Let V be a finite tree with radially decaying weights. We show that there exists a set

E
⊂

R

2

$E\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{2}$

for which the following two problems are equivalent: (1) Given a (real-valued) function ϕ on the leaves of V, extend it to a function Φ on all of V so that

‖
Φ

‖

L

1
,
p

(

V

)

${\Vert}{\Phi}{{\Vert}}_{{L}^{1,p}\left(V\right)}$

has optimal order of magnitude. Here, L
1,p
(V) is a weighted Sobolev space on V. (2) Given a function

f
:
E
→
R

$f:E\to \mathbb{R}$

, extend it to a function

F
∈

L

2
,
p

(

R

2

)

$F\in {L}^{2,p}\left({\mathbb{R}}^{2}\right)$

so that

‖
F

‖

L

2
,
p

(

R

2

)

${\Vert}F{{\Vert}}_{{L}^{2,p}\left({\mathbb{R}}^{2}\right)}$

has optimal order of magnitude.
Thyroid surgery in pediatric age: a 10-year experience at a single center and literature review
Authors: Asya Orhan , Yumusakhuylu Ali Cemal , Gundogdu Yavuz , Kuyumcu Omer Faruk , Turan Serap , Guran Tulay , Gurpinar Tosun Busra , Oysu Cagatay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Surgery interventions for thyroid disorders are rare in pediatric population. This study aims to present our institution’s 10-year experience regarding the surgical treatment and outcomes of thyroid pathologies in children and review the literature.

Methods
All pediatric patients who underwent thyroid surgery at our institution from April 2013 to October 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
The study included 57 patients with a median age of 15 years. 38 patients (66.6 %) were female, and 19 patients (33.3 %) were male. The most common indication for thyroid surgery was a nodule (71.9 %), followed by Graves’ disease (10.5 %), multinodular goiter (8.7 %), and familial multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (8.7 %). Of the 57 patients, 36 (63.2 %) were diagnosed with thyroid neoplasia, with 28 (77.8 %) having papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), three (8.3 %) having medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), two (5.6 %) having follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Temporary unilateral vocal cord paralysis and permanent unilateral vocal cord paralysis were seen in three patients (5.3 %) and in two patients (3.5 %) respectively. Persistent hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism were noted in two patients (3.5 %), while transient hypocalcemia was observed in 13 patients (22.8 %). The presence of neoplasm did not appear to be associated with the incidence of hypocalcemia or vocal cord paralysis (p=0.115 and 0.652, respectively).

Conclusions
Thyroid pathologies in pediatric patients necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical management should be carefully evaluated in accordance with pediatric guidelines. Complication rate significantly decreases when surgery is performed by experienced surgeon.
Implicit offensive language taxonomy
Authors: Bączkowska Anna , Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara , Žitnik Slavko , Liebeskind Chaya , Trojszczak Marcin , Valunaite Oleskeviciene Giedre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a proposal of implicitness typology. The theoretical model we propose is compliant with neo-Gricean pragmatics and is explicitly designed to cover instances of offensive language on social media. The implicitness framework we propound has been empirically verified by means of a corpus-assisted analysis and computational method of word embeddings (Word2Vec and FastText), which, in principle, have supported the schema explicated here. This taxonomy is potentially applicable to the ontology of offensiveness and, thus, to NLP-based research; in particular, it can be useful for automatic detection of implicit offensive language on social media.
Yoga and chronic diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Wang Feifei , Yang Wenchang , Wang Chen , Wang Kaiyue , Yu Zhongyi , Ke Dandan , Sun Liang , Gao Xiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
With the popularity of yoga increasing as a means to improve overall well-being, this umbrella review aimed to evaluate the potential effects of yoga on chronic disease outcomes by synthesizing previously published systematic reviews, including meta-analyses, of randomized controlled trials in adult populations.

Content
PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL for systematic reviews published up to 31st March 2023. Systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of yoga interventions compared with controllable groups on chronic disease outcomes were searched from adults aged above 18 years old. Fifty-one systematic reviews, of which 34 were with meta-analyses, were eligible. The included reviews yielded 579 individual studies with 28403 reported participants. Most studies (n=45, 86.5 %) were conducted with general adult participants, other six studies were with women diagnosed with breast cancer. Yoga interventions had strong effects on depression, blood pressure, blood glucose, and fatigue management, while weak evidence was found for pain management and arthritis.

Summary
Yoga intervention may have an effect on improvements on depression, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and fatigue management but not beneficial for physically disordered chronic diseases.

Outlook
Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are necessary to validate the effect of yoga on chornic diseases. Further exploration on yoga implementation are expected.

Primary Funding Source
JIF201036Y and JIF201018Y (PROSPERO: CRD42023417841).
Heterogeneous catalysis: an alternative approach for energy and environment
Authors: Parangi Tarun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The uncontrolled increase in population and human activities has led to a significant rise in the demand for energy resources. The excessive use of limited fuel sources, unplanned deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions have necessitated the search for and development of alternative, sustainable energy resources that cause minimal or no harm to the environment. The introduction of green and eco-friendly technologies offers a potential solution to address the growing demand in fields such as petroleum and hydrogen production, with the ultimate goal of promoting environmental sustainability. This review article highlights recent innovations in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on the development of various catalytic materials and processes, as well as their future prospects for both industrial and academic advancements. A brief discussion is presented on the efficient performance of solid acid and base catalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), electrocatalysts, and photocatalysts. The discussed catalytic systems have been explored for their potential applications, including biodiesel and hydrogen production as alternative energy sources, as well as CO2 reduction and the degradation of toxic dyes and organic pollutants for environmental remediation. Overall, the significance of heterogeneous catalysts has been explored, emphasizing their critical role in driving industrial progress and economic growth.
Spatial detection and localisation of multiple laser beams in optical measuring systems
Authors: Ruprecht Jasmin , Su Mingshuai , Hoffmann Maximilian , Ortlepp Ingo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Optical instruments are used in a broad range of applications in different fields of research and industry like microscopy, material science, metrology and fabrication. There, the optical adjustment of laser beams, optical rays and optical axes to a certain position is crucial for the correct function of the overall system. Often, multiple axes have to be adjusted, which requires the monitoring of multiple rays, preferably simultaneously. In this paper, a method for the spatial localisation of multiple laser beams is presented and demonstrated for an application in precision dimensional metrology. There, the position of seven spatially distributed laser beams can be detected with an uncertainty of <10 μm, enhancing the accuracy of the overall system. The underlying method is flexible in its approach and can be adapted to other optical systems.