bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile Changes and Antioxidant Properties of the Combination of Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata on the Blood, Liver and Kidney of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Jeremiah Ukperoro Uyoyo , Oghogho Awarota Ruth , Otsuko Oroye , Chizoba Udeze Maria 
Published: June 2021

Background: The use of plants known to possess significant antioxidant activities have been widely recommended in the complementary and alternate system of medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Among the many plant used in Nigeria for the management of DM are Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata. This study was designed to assess the effect of the combination of the aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata on blood glucose level, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.
Method: Twenty five rats were divided into five groups. Four groups were made diabetic by the intra-peritoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg body weight) while the fifth group served as normal control. Serum, hepatic and renal concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as the catalase activity were determined. The blood lipid profile and some hepatic enzymes were also studied.
Result: The combined extract lowered lipid peroxidation, increase glutathione concentration and catalase activity in all the tissues of diabetic rats. The individual extract lowered the total cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol, coronary risk index (CRI), and atherogenic index (AI) while increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes lowered hepatic enzymes’ activities but the leaf extract significantly increased it.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that combination of the extracts showed additive effect on each other and it is highly recommended for the management of diabetes.
The effect of Intellectual Capital and Debt Policy on Bankruptcy Predictions and Its Implications on Firm Value
Authors: Pernamasari Rieke , Sugiyanto . 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital and debt policy on bankruptcy predictions and its implications for firm value.
Study design: The design used in this research is causal research. Causal research aims to determine the effect or also the relationship between two or more variables.
Place and duration of study: The population of this study consist of mining companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with the observation year 2015-2019. The sampling technique used in this study is the purposive sampling method. After the sampling criteria were carried out, 13 companies met the sampling criteria, so the total number of observation was 52.
Methodology: The analytical method used is path analysis, which is an extension of multiple linear analysis using SPSS 22 analysis tools.
Results: The results showed that simultaneously the intellectual capital and debt policy had an influence on the prediction of bankruptcy and firm value, but partially the debt policy had a direct influence both on bankruptcy predictions and on firm value. The results of this study also prove that bankruptcy prediction indirectly provides a relationship between intellectual capital and firm value, However, debt policy will have a greater relationship if it is directly related to the value of the company without going through bankruptcy predictions, because when debt increases it lowers the zscore, which means the company is in an unhealthy condition so that it can reduce the value of the company.
An Improved Hybrid Algorithm for Optimizing the Parameters of Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Danaa Abukari Abdul Aziz , Daabo Mohammed Ibrahim , Abdul-Barik Alhassan 
Published: June 2021

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have become increasingly popular in the last several years due to the fact that, the models are very rich in mathematical structure and hence can form the theoretical basis for use in a wide range of applications. Various algorithms have been proposed in literature for optimizing the parameters of these models to make them applicable in real-life. However, the performance of these algorithms has remained computationally challenging largely due to slow/premature convergence and their sensitivity to preliminary estimates. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm comprising the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Baum-Welch (BW), and Genetic Algorithms (GA) is proposed and implemented for optimizing the parameters of HMMs. The algorithm not only overcomes the shortcomings of the slow convergence speed of the PSO but also helps the BW escape from local optimal solution whilst improving the performance of GA despite the increase in the search space. Detailed experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed approach when compared to other techniques available in literature.
The Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on the Digitalization of Municipal Administration, the Development of E-Governance
Authors: Mustafa Kujtim , Mustafa Ragmi , Ahmedi Basri 
Published: June 2021

This paper essentially addresses the importance and contribution of digitalization in the creation and implementation of public policies, thus analyzing the activity of the Municipal Administration in Gjilan, Vitia, and Kamenica, the principles on which it relies and administrative bodies as an important part of administration. First, the importance of Public Administration and its principles is presented, then Municipal Administration and Ethics in Municipal Administration. It then analyzes E-Government and E-Kiosk as an important structure of the administration and the role it has given so far in administrative reform as one of the advantages for the integration of Municipal Administrations, strong management and use of information technology for a smooth-running of work quickly and accurately, especially in protecting the health of citizens from the Covid-19 Pandemic. To achieve the purpose of this paper, the method of surveying citizens directly through questionnaires was used. The questions are mostly qualitative and they are closed-type, open-type, but there are also Liker type. The questionnaire was used to survey 60 participants from the Municipality of Gjilan, 50 participants from the Municipality of Vitia and 50 participants from the Municipality of Kamenica. After completing the questionnaire, it was concluded that the digitalization of the Municipal Administration requires well-trained staff and continuous maintenance of information systems. E-Government should be the main goal in the reform of the municipal administration, which will promote radical changes such as: a new way of management, discussions and communication, more efficient and faster decision-making, access for all to services, elimination of corruption and administrative silence. It is a driving force for the reorganization and renewal of administration services. It also protects the health of citizens from contagious diseases, especially during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Field Efficacy of Thiophanate Methyl 44.8% + Kasugamycin 2.6% Sc against Major Foliar Diseases of Tomato
Authors: Narayanaswamy H. , Patil Balanagouda , Pruthviraj . 
Published: June 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the important edible solanaceous plant originated from western South and Central America. Despite botanically being a fruit, it’s generally eaten and preferred like a vegetable. Tomatoes are the major dietary source of the antioxidant lycopene, which has been linked to many health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and cancer. Early blight caused by Alternaria solani and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe orontii and bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris has become a serious problem for successful cultivation of tomato. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to know the efficacy of Thiophanate methyl 44.8% + Kasugamycin 2.6% Sc on tomato diseases during 2017-18 and 2018-19, at College of Agriculture, Shivamogga. Experimental results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the early blight, bacterial leaf spot and powdery mildew disease severity over untreated control. Among all the treatments Thiophanate methyl 44.8% + Kasugamycin 2.6% SC @ 1250 ml/ha recorded significantly less Per cent Disease Index (PDI) of Early blight (Alternaria solani) (7.78 % and 10.19 %), Bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris) ( 3.96 and 1.39 %) and Powdery mildew (Erysiphe orontii) ( 1.67 and 2.50 %) with yield of 340.33 and 333.33 q/ha followed by Thiophanate methyl 44.8% + Kasugamycin 2.6% SC @ 1000 ml/ha.
Role of Hypouricemic Agents in Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alshehri Waleed , Aljohani Abdulrahman , Alhasani Reem , Alshammari Anood , Alhamoud Jwael A. , Alruwaili Atheer , Altemani Omniah , Bahabri Ali , Alahmadi Hassan , Alderaan Shaykhah , Almutairi Afnan , Alsehli Marwan , Almohammadi Mohammed , Almaleki Faisal , Alotaibi Hamoud 
Published: June 2021

Objective and background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening emergency and demands emergency care of effective outcome with minimal or no side effects. The Hypouricemic agents, including Rasburicase, Allopurinol and Febuxostate used for the management of TLS. This study was designed to evaluate the Role of Hypouricemic agents by analyzing TLS development rate, control of uric acid, and Creatinine levels.
Methods: An extensive electronic data search was conducted by using all leading scientific databases. Twenty-six studies were selected to conduct this study, as per the inclusion criteria.
Results: The Odd ratio of TLS development rate was 4.06, 1.24, and 1.49 by Rusbricase, Allopurinol & Febuxostate administration respectively. 95% confidence interval was reported by selected studies against TLS development rate, Uric acid, and Creatinine levels by administrating Rusbricase, Allopurinol & Febuxostate.
Conclusion: All Hypouricemic agents, including Rasburicase, Allopurinol and Febuxostate, are effective to manage Tumor lysis Syndrome. However, a suitable and most effective intervention dose needs to identify with better efficacy and minimal side effects both in Adults and Children.
Digital Terrestrial Broadcast Standards
Authors: Montalban Jon , Iradier Eneko , Fanari Lorenzo , Siebert Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) project started in 1993 as an industry forum providing the specifications for digital broadcast. Afterwards, the first Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) system, DVB‐Terrestrial (DVB‐T), was standardized in 1997, and one year later, the first DVB‐T broadcast began in Sweden and the UK. In September 2009, ETSI published the first version of the second generation standard (DVB‐T2), where the data‐carrying capacity of a single Radio Frequency (RF) broadcast channel was notably increased. Specifically, a minimum capacity increase of 30% was achieved as well as improved SFN performances, a mechanism to reduce the peak‐to‐average‐power ratio (PAPR), sand a flexible frame structure for Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs). This article starts with a system overview of the DVB‐T2 standard, and then, the general architecture of the DVB‐T2 transceiver is comprehensively described module by module. This work also gathers a comprehensive review of the available implementation and evaluation results of the standard.
3D Lattice‐Matching Layered Hydroxide Heterostructure with Improved Interfacial Charge Transfer and Ion Diffusion for High Energy Density Supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Huanji , Zhu Juncheng , Tian Dan , Carvalho Rodrigo , Shi Zhicheng , Cai Zhao , Chang Xinghua , Araujo Carlos Moyses , Zhou Yu , Zhu Jiliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical charge storage mostly relies on the electrical properties of complex interfaces and electrode materials as well as the dynamic ions diffusion in the electrolytes. Nickel‐cobalt layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with tunable chemical composition are promising for electrochemical supercapacitors, where the theoretical performance could be up to 3000 F g−1. However, the experimental performances of NiCo‐LDHs are still limited by low charge transfer rate and slow dynamic ions diffusion. Here, a 3D lattice matching Ni0.85Co0.15(OH)2@α‐Co(OH)2 heterostructure is epitaxially grown. The experimental results and theoretical calculation confirm that such a 3D heterostructure could improve charge transfer abilities and accelerated ions diffusion. The specific capacitance of 2480 F g−1 and retained 71% of the initial capacitance at high current density of 30 A g−1 have been achieved by optimal Co(OH)2 amount of 20 mg (NCC‐20). Asymmetric button devices and soft‐pack devices have been demonstrated with exceptional energy densities of 69.2 and 65.7 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 0.79 and 0.78 kW kg−1, and maintained 88% and 80% initial capacitance under 10 000 cycles, respectively. The general design principles clearly demonstrate the importance of electrochemical interface and dynamic process, paving the way to push forward the application capability of electrochemical devices.
Influence of Temperature on Photodetection Properties of Honeycomb‐like GaN Nanostructures
Authors: Jain Shubhendra Kumar , Low Mei Xian , Vashishtha Pargam , Nirantar Shruti , Zhu Liangchen , Ton‐That Cuong , Ahmed Taimur , Sriram Sharath , Walia Sumeet , Gupta Govind , Bhaskaran Madhu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBroadband photodetectors operable under harsh temperature conditions are crucial optoelectronic components to support ongoing and futuristic technological advancement. Conventional photodetectors are limited to room temperature operation due to the thermal instability of semiconductors under harsh conditions and incapable of covering the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum due to narrow bandgap properties. Gallium nitride (GaN) is a wide bandgap and thermally stable semiconductor, ideal for addressing the abovementioned limitations. Here, epitaxial honeycomb nanostructured GaN film is grown via a plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy system and deployed for stable broadband photodetectors, which can be operated from −75 to 250 °C. Further, spectral response is investigated for a broad spectrum from UV (280 nm) to near‐infrared (850 nm) region. It displays a peak responsivity at 365 nm associated to the bandgap energy of GaN. Fabricated photodetectors with honeycomb‐like nanostructures drive peak responsivity and external quantum efficiency of 2.41 × 106 AW−1 and 8.18 × 108%, respectively, when illuminated at a power density of 1 mWcm−2 and 365 nm wavelength source under 1 V bias. Temperature‐correlated spectral response presents a quenching of responsivity at higher temperatures in visible spectrum associated with the thermal quenching of defect states. The thermally stable and efficient broadband photodetector based on honeycomb‐like nanostructured GaN is promising for the combustion industry, arctic science, and space explorations.
Hybrid Gate Dielectric of MoS2 Transistors for Enhanced Photo‐Electronic Stability
Authors: Park Hamin , Oh Dong Sik , Hong Woonggi , Kang Juyeon , Lee Geon‐Beom , Shin Gwang Hyuk , Choi Yang‐Kyu , Im Sung Gap , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMoS2 thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have been widely studied for use as driving TFTs of active‐matrix displays considering their outstanding electrical advantages such as high mobility and high on/off current ratio. However, due to the atomically thin nature of MoS2, the device performance of MoS2 TFTs suffers from trap sites at the interface. In this study, a hybrid gate dielectric based on an interface engineering strategy using poly(1,3,5‐trivinyl‐1,3,5‐trimethyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV3D3) via initiated chemical vapor deposition is investigated to enhance the negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) stability of MoS2 TFTs. Compared to a single oxide dielectric layer (Al2O3), a hybrid dielectric layer (pV3D3/Al2O3) exhibits decreased threshold voltage shift under NBIS by reducing functional groups, such as hydroxyl (OH−) group, which act as charge trapping sites at the interface between the MoS2 channel and the gate dielectric. It is confirmed by quantitative analysis using the stretched‐exponential model. Tau (τ), one of the modeling parameters in the stretched‐exponential model, decreases from 210 to 120 s, indicating the improvement in stability. Furthermore, in a low‐frequency noise (1/f) measurement, hybrid‐dielectric‐based TFTs show an order of magnitude lower noise power spectral density (SID/ID2) than single‐oxide‐dielectric‐based TFTs.
Defect‐Engineered n‐Doping of WSe2 via Argon Plasma Treatment and Its Application in Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Junghun , Park Hyunik , Yoo SangHyuk , Im Yeon‐Ho , Kang Keonwook , Kim Jihyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDoping of van der Waals layered semiconductor materials is an essential technique to realize their full potential for implementation in nanoelectronics. Herein, defect‐engineered and area‐selective n‐doping of ambipolar multi‐layer WSe2 are demonstrated via Ar plasma treatment. The contact regions of the WSe2 are exposed to a mild Ar plasma treatment to induce Se vacancy, while the channel region is protected by a hexagonal boron nitride. The results are systematically analyzed using structural and optical characterization methods, and the origin of the n‐type properties in the plasma‐treated WSe2 is proposed using plane‐wave density functional theory calculations. The formation of a defect‐induced donor level in the source and drain regions of the multi‐layer WSe2 helps to improve the contact behaviors in field‐effect transistors (FETs), enhancing the transport of the free electrons. The n‐channel current on/off ratio (from 12.8 to 8.3 × 106) and contact resistance (as low as 2.68 kΩ∙mm) of the n‐type WSe2 FETs are greatly improved by the area‐specific Ar plasma treatment, enabling the fabrication of a WSe2‐based complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor inverter. This method provides a viable route to control the carrier type and concentration in ambipolar van der Waals layered semiconductors, paving the way for high‐performance nanoelectronic devices.
Sex differences and shifts in body composition, physical activity, and total energy expenditure across a 3‐month expedition
Authors: Sarma Mallika S. , Ocobock Cara J. , Martin Sarah , Rochelle Shannon , Croom Brendan P. , Gettler Lee T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesAn energetically demanding environment like a wilderness expedition can lead to potent stressors on human physiology and homeostatic balance causing shifts in energy expenditure and body composition. These shifts likely have consequences on overall health and performance and may potentially differ by sex. It is therefore critical to understand the potential differential body composition and energy expenditure changes in response to a novel and challenging environment in both males and female bodies.MethodsData were collected from 75 healthy individuals (female = 41; ages 18–53) throughout a 3‐month long expedition in the American Rockies. Body mass, body fat, and lean muscle mass were measured before, during, and after the course. Physical activity intensity and energy expenditure were also measured in a subset of participants using the wGT3X‐BT Actigraph wrist monitor and an accompanying Bluetooth heart rate monitor.ResultsOver the 3‐month period, individuals initially experienced declines in body mass, body fat percentage, and lean muscle mass. Participants partially rebounded from these deficits to maintain overall body mass with a slight recomposition of body fat and lean muscle mass. Our data also demonstrated that sex moderated total energy expenditure, where females experienced a modest decline whereas males experienced an increase in energy expenditure from the beginning to the end of the course.ConclusionsUnderstanding changes in energy storage in the body and variation in energy expenditure between sexes during a 3‐month expedition has critical implications for maintaining health and performance in an energetically demanding environment where resources may be scarce.
Thionitrite and Perthionitrite in NO Signaling at Zinc
Authors: Hosseininasab Valiallah , Bertke Jeffery A. , Warren Timothy H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNO and H2S serve as signaling molecules in biology with intertwined reactivity. HSNO and HSSNO with their conjugate bases −SNO and −SSNO form in the reaction of H2S with NO as well as S‐nitrosothiols (RSNO) and nitrite (NO2−) that serve as NO reservoirs. While HSNO and HSSNO are elusive, their conjugate bases form isolable zinc complexes Ph,MeTpZn(SNO) and Ph,MeTpZn(SSNO) supported by tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Reaction of Na(15‐C‐5)SSNO with Ph,MeTpZn(ClO4) provides Ph,MeTpZn(SSNO) that undergoes S‐atom removal by PEt3 to give Ph,MeTpZn(SNO) and S=PEt3. Unexpectedly stable at room temperature, these Zn‐SNO and Zn‐SSNO complexes release NO upon heating. Ph,MeTpZn(SNO) and Ph,MeTpZn(SSNO) quickly react with acidic thiols such as C6F5SH to form N2O and NO, respectively. Increasing the thiol basicity in p‐substituted aromatic thiols 4−XArSH in the reaction with Ph,MeTpZn(SNO) turns on competing S‐nitrosation to form Ph,MeTpZn‐SH and RSNO, the latter a known precursor for NO.
Catalytic System‐Controlled Divergent Reaction Strategies for the Construction of Diversified Spiropyrazolone Skeletons from Pyrazolidinones and Diazopyrazolones
Authors: Fang Feifei , Hu Shulei , Li Chunpu , Wang Qian , Wang Run , Han Xu , Zhou Yu , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA catalytic system‐controlled divergent reaction strategy was here reported to construct four types of intriguing spiroheterocyclic skeletons from simple and readily available starting materials via a precise chemical bond activation/[n+1] annulation cascade. The tetraazaspiroheterocyclic and trizazspiroheterocyclic scaffolds could be independently constructed by a selective N−N bond activation/[n+1] annulation cascade, a C(sp2)‐H activation/[4+1] annulation and a novel tandem C(sp2)‐H/C(sp3)−H bond activation/[4+1] annulation strategy, along with a broad scope of substrates, moderate to excellent yields and valuable transformations. More importantly, in these transformations, we are the first time to capture a N−N bond activation and a C(sp3)−H bond activation of pyrazolidinones under different catalytic system.
Formation control with collision avoidance for underactuated surface vehicles
Authors: Xia Guoqing , Xia Xiaoming , Sun Xianxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a formation tracking problem of underactuated surface vessels (USVs) with collision avoidance and input saturation. All nonlinearities induced by model uncertainties and disturbances are assumed to be unknown. A design of observer based on neural network is used to recover the velocity data and unknown uncertainties and disturbances. Distributed control laws are designed based on artificial potential functions (APFs), the observer, and a backstepping technique. The APFs combined with a practical category are used to avoid collision. Additional controllers are employed to deal with the input saturation and underactuated problems without affecting the capability of collision avoidance. The stability of formation control system is proved by using the Lyapunov's direct method. Simulation results are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.