bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What styles of reasoning are important in primary English?
Authors: Oliver Michaela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe importance of teaching reasoning in schools is widely recognised. Yet this has presented teachers with difficulties, particularly in primary education. Difficulties partially stem from a lack of cohesive theory about reasoning for education and a lack of specificity about it in the English National Curriculum. One route to improved teaching of reasoning is through recognition of the importance and prevalence of discipline‐specific practices. This paper draws on socio‐cultural theory and disciplinary literacy research to argue that some reasoning practices are discipline specific. The theoretical lens of reasoning styles is adopted. A cognitive history approach has been used to create a framework of reasoning styles important in primary English. English represents a curriculum area that is currently poorly understood in terms of its prevalent reasoning practices. This paper, therefore, makes important theoretical and pedagogical contributions to existing research. Examples of student engagement with identified reasoning styles are provided. The framework and accompanying examples will help teachers to support the development of student reasoning, particularly in the subject of English. Developing students’ meta‐awareness of patterns of language use is beneficial. Development may also support students to become fuller members of the English academic community.
Orchestrating multiplexity in polychromatic science through OMIPs: A decade‐old resource to empower biomedical research
Authors: Wang Wei , Creusot Remi J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the optimized multicolor immunofluorescence panel (OMIP) platform entered its 10th anniversary since its launch, the multicolor flow cytometry landscape has changed significantly. Likewise, OMIPs have continuously evolved to cover larger panel sizes, increasing number of subpopulations profiled in a single panel, and new species. After a decade of contributions to the OMIP platform, a review of this collection, summarizing its content and purpose for the research community, is timely and due. This review provides an overview of OMIPs and a presentation of the depth and diversity of this collection of validated panels, with the expectation that readers will take advantage of them to empower and accelerate their research.
Label‐free classification of dead and live colonic adenocarcinoma cells based on 2D light scattering and deep learning analysis
Authors: Li Shuaiyi , Li Ya , Yao Jianning , Chen Bing , Song Jiayou , Xue Qi , Yang Xiaonan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe measurement of cell viability plays an essential role in the area of cell biology. At present, the common methods for cell viability assay mainly on the responses of cells to different dyes. However, the additional steps of cell staining will consequently cause time‐consuming and laborious efforts. Furthermore, the process of cell staining is invasive and may cause internal structure damage of cells, restricting their reuse in subsequent experiments. In this work, we proposed a label‐free method to classify live and dead colonic adenocarcinoma cells by 2D light scattering combined with the deep learning algorithm. The deep convolutional network of YOLO‐v3 was used to identify and classify light scattering images of live and dead HT29 cells. This method achieved an excellent sensitivity (93.6%), specificity (94.4%), and accuracy (94%). The results showed that the combination of 2D light scattering images and deep neural network may provide a new label‐free method for cellular analysis.
Tanshinol alleviates ulcerative colitis by promoting the expression of VLDLR
Authors: Zhu Huanhuan , Tong Shaopeng , Cui Yan , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Minying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTanshinol (TAN) is a widely used Chinese medicine ingredient with anti‐inflammatory activity. The therapeutic effect of TAN in ulcerative colitis (UC) deserves further investigation. DSS induced UC model for mice, and TAN of different concentrations was used for in vivo therapy. Colons length was measured; expression of VLDLR in colonic mucosal tissue was evaluated by qRT‐PCR, Western blot and histochemical staining. Besides, normal colorectal mucosal cell line (FHC) was treated with LPS to imitate the inflammatory process of UC in vitro. Different concentrations of TAN treated UC cell model. ELISA and qRT‐PCR were applied to examine the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, or IL‐1β). Flow cytometry and MTT was used to identify the apoptosis and viability of FHC cells, respectively. Afterwards, Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of Bax, Bcl‐2, Cleaved caspase‐3, and Cleaved caspase‐9 in FHC cells. VLDLR was low‐expressed in UC tissues as compared to the normal tissue. TAN could alleviate DSS‐induced colons length shortening, colonic tissue structure destruction, inflammatory response, and VLDLR expression decrease in vivo. Further study found that TAN could alleviate LPS‐induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, and viability decrease of FHC cells, and siVLDLR could partially offset the effect of TAN. TAN alleviates LPS‐induced viability decrease, apoptosis, and inflammatory response in FHC cells by promoting VLDLR expression.
Analytical characterization of “etonitazepyne,” a new pyrrolidinyl‐containing 2‐benzylbenzimidazole opioid sold online
Authors: Blanckaert Peter , Balcaen Margot , Vanhee Céline , Risseeuw Martijn , Canfyn Michaël , Desmedt Bart , Van Calenbergh Serge , Deconinck Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on the identification and full chemical characterization of the substance colloquially called “etonitazepyne” or “N‐pyrrolidino etonitazene” (2‐(4‐ethoxybenzyl)‐5‐nitro‐1‐(2‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)ethyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole), a potent NPS opioid of the 5‐nitrobenzimidazole class. Identification of etonitazepyne was performed, on a sample purchased during routine monitoring of the drug market, using GC‐MS, HRAM LC‐MS/MS, 1H NMR, and FTIR. The chromatographic data, together with the FTIR data, indicated the presence of a highly pure compound and already indicated a benzimidazole structure. The specific benzimidazole regio‐isomer was confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, resulting in the unambiguous identification of etonitazepyne.
Evidence of sulfur mustard poisoning by detection of the albumin‐derived dipeptide biomarker C(‐HETE)P after nicotinylation
Authors: John Harald , Richter Annika , Thiermann Horst 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSulfur mustard (SM, bis[2‐chloroethyl]‐sulfide) is a banned chemical warfare agent that was frequently used in recent years and led to numerous poisoned victims who developed painful erythema and blisters. Post‐exposure analysis of SM incorporation can be performed by the detection of human serum albumin (HSA)‐derived peptides. HSA alkylated by SM contains a hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE)‐moiety bound to the cysteine residue C34 yielding the dipeptide biomarker C(‐HETE)P after pronase‐catalyzed proteolysis. We herein present a novel procedure for the selective precolumn nicotinylation of its N‐terminus using 1‐nicotinoyloxy‐succinimide. The reaction was carried out for 2 h at ambient temperature with a yield of 81%. The derivative NA‐C(‐HETE)P was analyzed by micro liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem‐mass spectrometry working in the selected reaction monitoring mode (μLC‐ESI MS/MS SRM). The derivative was shown to be stable in the autosampler at 15°C for at least 24 h. The single protonated precursor ion (m/z 428.1) was subjected to collision‐induced dissociation yielding product ions at m/z 116.1, m/z 137.0, and m/z 105.0 used for selective monitoring without any plasma‐derived interferences. NA‐C(‐HETE)P showed a mass spectrometric response superior to the non‐derivatized dipeptide thus yielding larger peak areas (factor 1.3 ± 0.2). The lower limit of identification corresponded to 80 nM SM spiked to plasma in vitro. The presented procedure was applied to real case plasma samples from 2015 collected in the Middle East confirming SM poisoning.
Comorbid mental disorders during long‐term course in a nationwide cohort of patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Steinhausen Hans‐Christoph , Villumsen Martin Dalgaard , Hørder Kirsten , Winkler Laura Al‐Dakhiel , Bilenberg Niels , Støving René Klinkby 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveComorbid mental disorders in anorexia nervosa during long‐term course require detailed studies.MethodThis matched cohort study was based on nationwide Danish register data of all patients born 1961–2008 with a first‐time ICD‐10 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) between 1994 and 2018 at age 8–32 and matched controls taken from all individuals without an eating disorder (ED). For nine categories of non‐eating mental disorders, time from date of first AN‐diagnosis (inclusion date) to time of first diagnosis, accounting for censoring, was studied by use of time‐stratified Cox models.ResultsA total of 9,985 patients with AN (93.5% females) and 49,351 matched controls were followed for a median (IQR) of 9.0 (4.4–15.7) years. For patients, there was about 25% and 55% risk of receiving any non‐ED disorder during the first 2 years and two decades after inclusion, respectively. A hazard ratio (HR) of seven for any non‐ED was found for the first 12 months after inclusion, a ratio that reduced to two at five or more years after inclusion. During the first years, large HRs ranging in 6–9 were found for affective, autism spectrum, personality, and obsessive–compulsive disorders with the latter displaying the highest continuous increased risk. The HR at 12 months after inclusion was highest for any non‐ED disorder and affective disorders in patients aged 8–13 at diagnosis.DiscussionComorbid mental disorders in AN are most frequently diagnosed in the first years after diagnosis of AN and on longer terms imply a double immediate risk.
Efficiency of biochar, nitrogen addition, and microbial agent amendments in remediation of soil properties and microbial community in Qilian Mountains mine soils
Authors: Kong Junqia , He Zhibin , Chen Longfei , Yang Rong , Du Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLacking systematic evaluations in soil quality and microbial community recovery after different amendments addition limits optimization of amendments combination in coal mine soils. We performed a short‐term incubation experiment with a varying temperature over 12 weeks to assess the effects of three amendments (biochar: C; nitrogen fertilizer at three levels: N‐N1~N3; microbial agent at two levels: M‐M1~M2) based on C/N ratio (regulated by biochar and N level: 35:1, 25:1, 12.5:1) on mine soil properties and microbial community in the Qilian Mountains, China. Over the incubation period, soil pH and MBC/MBN were significantly lower than unamended treatment in N addition and C + M + N treatments, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nitrogen (MBN) contents increased significantly in all amended treatments (p < .001). Higher AP, AK, MBC, MBN, and lower MBC/MBN were observed in N2‐treated soil (corresponding to C/N ratio of 25:1). Meanwhile, N2‐treated soil significantly increased species richness and diversity of soil bacterial community (p < .05). Principal coordinate analysis further showed that soil bacterial community compositions were significantly separated by N level. C‐M‐N treatments significantly increased the relative abundance (>1%) of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and decreased the relative abundance of fungal phyla Chytridiomycota (p < .05). Redundancy analysis illustrated the importance of soil nutrients in explaining variability in bacterial community composition (74.73%) than fungal composition (35.0%). Our results indicated that N addition based on biochar and M can improve soil quality by neutralizing soil pH and increasing soil nutrient contents in short‐term, and the appropriate C/N ratio (25:1) can better promote microbial mass, richness, and diversity of soil bacterial community. Our study provided a new insight for achieving restoration of damaged habitats by changing microbial structure, diversity, and mass by regulating C/N ratio of amendments.
Association of type 2 diabetes remission and risk of cardiovascular disease in pre‐defined subgroups
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda , Stuart Beth , Farmer Andrew , Dambha‐Miller Hajira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo quantify the association between type 2 diabetes remission and 5‐year incidence of cardiovascular disease outcomes, overall and in pre‐defined subgroups.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of 60,287 adults with type 2 diabetes from the Care and Health Information Analytics (CHIA) database. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association between remission within the first two years of follow‐up and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes including events, microvascular and macrovascular complications at 7‐year follow‐up. Effect modification by age, sex, diabetes duration, pre‐existing CVD, baseline body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c level was assessed.Results7489 (12.4%) people achieved remission during the first two years of follow‐up. Overall, remission was associated with lower risk of CVD outcomes. Remission was associated with lower risk of microvascular complications for younger compared with older age groups (eg aHR: 0.59 (0.41–0.84) and aHR: 0.78 (0.67–0.92) for those aged <45 years and 75–84 years, respectively). Amongst those achieving remission, those with no or 1–2 comorbidities had lower risk of microvascular complications (aHR: 0.65 (0.56–0.75)) compared to those with more than three comorbidities (aHR: 0.83 (0.69–0.99), respectively). There were no significant interactions in the remaining subgroups or for models assessing CVD events or macrovascular complications.ConclusionsAchieving remission of type 2 diabetes is associated with a lower risk of microvascular complications, particularly for younger groups and those with fewer comorbidities. Targeted interventions that focus on promoting remission in these groups may reduce the impact of microvascular complications and associated health costs.
TACI haploinsufficiency protects against BAFF‐driven humoral autoimmunity in mice
Authors: Jacobs Holly M. , Arkatkar Tanvi , Du Samuel W. , Scharping Nicole E. , Woods Jonathan , Li Quan‐Zhen , Hudkins Kelly L. , Alpers Charles E. , Rawlings David J. , Jackson Shaun W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolymorphisms in TACI, a BAFF family cytokine receptor, are linked to diverse human immune disorders including common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Functional studies of individual variants show modest impacts on surface TACI expression and/or downstream signal transduction, indicating that relatively subtle variation in TACI activity can impact human B‐cell biology. However, significant complexity underlies TACI biology, including both positive and negative regulation of physiologic and pathogenic B‐cell responses. To model these contradictory events, we compared the functional impact of TACI deletion on separate models of murine SLE driven by T cell‐independent and ‐dependent breaks in B‐cell tolerance. First, we studied whether reduced surface TACI expression was sufficient to protect against progressive BAFF‐mediated systemic autoimmunity. Strikingly, despite a relatively modest impact on surface TACI levels, TACI haploinsufficiency markedly reduced pathogenic RNA‐associated autoantibody titers and conferred long‐term protection from BAFF‐driven lupus nephritis. In contrast, B cell‐intrinsic TACI deletion exerted a limited impact of autoantibody generation in murine lupus characterized by spontaneous germinal center formation and T cell‐dependent humoral autoimmunity. Together, these combined data provide new insights into TACI biology and highlight how TACI signals must be tightly regulated during protective and pathogenic B‐cell responses.
Recognition of S100 proteins by Signal Inhibitory Receptor on Leukocytes‐1 negatively regulates human neutrophils
Authors: Rumpret Matevž , von Richthofen Helen J. , van der Linden Maarten , Westerlaken Geertje H. A. , Talavera Ormeño Cami , Low Teck Y. , Ovaa Huib , Meyaard Linde 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSignal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes‐1 (SIRL‐1) is an inhibitory receptor with a hitherto unknown ligand, and is expressed on human monocytes and neutrophils. SIRL‐1 inhibits myeloid effector functions such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this study, we identify S100 proteins as SIRL‐1 ligands. S100 proteins are composed of two calcium‐binding domains. Various S100 proteins are damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged cells, after which they initiate inflammation by ligating activating receptors on immune cells. We now show that the inhibitory SIRL‐1 recognizes individual calcium‐binding domains of all tested S100 proteins. Blocking SIRL‐1 on human neutrophils enhanced S100 protein S100A6‐induced ROS production, showing that S100A6 suppresses neutrophil ROS production via SIRL‐1. Taken together, SIRL‐1 is an inhibitory receptor recognizing the S100 protein family of DAMPs. This may help limit tissue damage induced by activated neutrophils.
Gay = STIs? Exploring gay and lesbian sexual health stereotypes and their implications for prejudice and discrimination
Authors: Rice Dylan R. , Hudson Sa‐kiera T. J. , Noll Nicole E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGay men and lesbian women face health inequities as well as disparate treatment from healthcare providers. Stereotypes surrounding sexual health might contribute to these disparities. In five studies (N = 1858), we explored sexual health stereotypes about gay men and lesbian women and their implications in prejudice/discrimination. In Studies 1, 2A and 2B, we found people explicitly associated gay men with promiscuity and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) more than lesbian women or straight men/women. In implicit association tests, both gay men and lesbian women were more associated with promiscuity and STIs than straight counterparts. Studies 3A and 3B showed that these associations have consequences: people expressed more prejudice and discrimination toward gay men and lesbian women with STIs versus those with non‐STIs or straight counterparts with either disease type. Taken together, the current research identifies some psychological factors that may underpin health disparities and healthcare barriers for gay and lesbian people.
Development of purification process for dual‐function recombinant human heavy‐chain ferritin by the investigation of genetic modification impact on conformation
Authors: Yin Shuang , Zhang Bingyang , Lin Jianying , Liu Yongdong , Su Zhiguo , Bi Jingxiu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFerritin is a promising drug delivery platform and has been functionalized through genetic modifications. This work has designed and expressed a dual‐functional engineered human heavy‐chain ferritin (HFn) with the inserted functional peptide PAS and RGDK to extend half‐life and improve tumor targeted drug delivery. A facile and cost‐effective two‐step purification pathway for recombinant HFn was developed. The genetic modification was found to affect HFn conformation, and therefore varied the purification performance. Heat‐acid precipitation followed by butyl fast flow hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has been developed to purify HFn and modified HFns. Nucleic acid removal reached above 99.8% for HFn and modified HFns. However, HFn purity reached above 95% and recovery yield (overall) above 90%, compared with modified HFns purity above 82% and recovery yield (overall) above 58%. It is interesting to find that the inserted functional peptides significantly changed the molecule conformation, where a putative turnover of the E‐helix with the inserted functional peptides formed a “flop” conformation, in contrast with the “flip” conformation of HFn. It could be the cause of fragile stability of modified HFns, and therefore less tolerant to heat and acid condition, observed by the lower recovery yield in heat‐acid precipitation.
Distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycle microbes along permafrost peatland profile in Northeast China
Authors: Jiang Lei , Song Yanyu , Sun Li , Ma Xiuyan , Wang Xianwei , Song Changchun , Hou Aixin , Wang Lili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms play critical roles in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. However, our understanding of the distribution of C‐ and N‐cycling microbial communities along the permafrost peatland profile was limited. We characterized changes in the abundances of bacteria, fungi, archaea, methanogen, methanotroph, ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria along a soil profile in the permafrost peatland of the Great Hing'an Mountains, China. Maximum values of bacteria, fungi, archaea, methanotroph, and nirK‐type denitrifying bacteria abundances were found for the 0–40 cm layer and minimum values for the 100–150 cm layer. Bacteria, fungi, archaea, methanotroph, and nirK‐type denitrifying bacteria gradually decreased in terms of abundance with increasing soil depths. Methanogen, ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria, and nirS‐type denitrifying bacteria all showed the highest abundances in the 40–80 cm layer. Abundances of bacteria, fungi, archaea, methanogen, methanotroph, and nirK‐type denitrifying bacteria were all significantly negatively correlated with pH and C:N values, but significantly positively correlated with TC, TN, and TP levels. In the context of climate change, microbial distribution characteristics in the active, transition, and frozen layers in permafrost peatlands will change, and then affect C and N cycles. Results in this study highlighted the importance of sampling deeper soil depths in the study of microbial distribution and C/N cycles in peatland ecosystems.
A novel strategy of “pick the best of the best” for the nondestructive identification of Poria cocos based on near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jiayi , Yu Mei , Li Shangke , Jiang Liwen , Zheng Yu , Li Pao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel strategy of “pick the best of the best” was proposed for the nondestructive identification of different‐origin and adulterated Poria cocos with near‐infrared spectroscopy. First, various preprocessing methods were divided into three classes: baseline correction, scattering and trend correction, and scaling. The single preprocessing methods with the best predictions in each class were selected. Then, the selected preprocessing methods were combined in pairs according to three classes. The pair combination preprocessing methods with the best predictions and also better predictions than single methods were selected. Finally, the selected pair combination preprocessing method was combined with the methods in the unselected class. The three combination preprocessing methods with the best predictions and also better predictions than pair combination methods were selected as the final prediction. With this strategy, the optimized preprocessing combination can be obtained quickly, and the identification accuracy with principal component analysis method can be greatly improved. 0% identification accuracy of adulterated samples and 12.5% identification accuracy of different‐origin samples were obtained with the raw data. However, 100% accuracy of adulterated samples, 93.8% accuracy of calibration dataset, and 75% accuracy of validation dataset can be obtained with the novel strategy. The developed technology can be regarded as a simple, rapid, and accurate nondestructive identification method for different‐origin and adulterated samples, and has a broad application prospect in the future.