bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of Kalman filter-based target motion analysis by incorporating Doppler frequency measurements
Authors: Ul Haq Ehsan , Nasir Hassan Arshad , Iqbal Asif , Qadir Muhammad Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Target motion analysis is a key requirement of autonomous and self-driving machines like drones and robots. However, with strict weight limits, the aerospace industry is always on the hunt for simpler and lighter sensing solutions. Continuous-wave Doppler radars are the simplest radars that can easily obtain a target’s relative velocity using the Doppler shift in the received wave. However, these radars cannot provide the target’s range. In this work, we address the problem of obtaining target’s range and velocity by incorporating Doppler frequency measurements from a simple continuous wave Doppler radar. To this end, we find out the movement patterns and maneuvers that an observer can make to converge to the target’s location. After presenting the observability requirements, we design and compare various non-linear Kalman filter-based target trackers. We experimented with different simulation scenarios to compare the tracking results with bearings-only, frequency-only, and bearings-frequency measurement sets. In our analysis, Unscented Kalman Filter with bearings-frequency measurements performed best. Experiments show that an observer can locate the target accurately within 10 cm by incorporating Doppler frequency measurements. Moreover, it also reduced the convergence time to a fraction of a second.
Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Lipaemic Effects of Daily Dietary
Coenzyme-Q10 Supplement in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Omotoso Sarafa A. , Olofinnade Anthony T. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The dietary model of metabolic syndrome has continued to aid our understanding
of its pathogenesis and possible management interventions. However, despite progress in
research, therapy continues to be challenging for humans; hence, the search for newer treatment
and prevention options continues.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary CQ10 supplementation
on metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers in a diet-induced mouse model of metabolic
syndrome.

Methods:
Mouse groups were fed a Standard Diet (SD), High-Fat High-Sugar (HFHS) diet, and
SD or HFHS diet (with incorporated CQ10) at 60 and 120 mg/kg of feed. At the completion of the
study (8 weeks), blood glucose levels, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, plasma insulin,
leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-10, serum lipid profile, and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed.
The liver was either homogenised for the assessment of antioxidant status or processed for
general histology.

Results:
Dietary CQ10 mitigated HFHS diet-induced weight gain, decreased glucose, insulin, and
leptin levels, and increased adiponectin levels in mice. Coenzyme-Q10 improved the antioxidant status
of the liver and blood in HFHS diet-fed mice while also decreasing lipid peroxidation. Lipid
profile improved, level of TNF-α decreased, and IL-10 increased following CQ10 diet. A mitigation
of HFHS diet-induced alteration in liver morphology was also observed with CQ10.

Conclusion:
Dietary CQ10 supplementation mitigates HFHS diet-induced changes in mice, possibly
through its anti-oxidant, anti-lipaemic, and anti-inflammatory potential.
Monosubstituted Coumarins Inhibit Epinephrine-induced Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Jiménez-Orozco Fausto Alejandro , Galicia-Zapatero Sergio , López-López Edgar , Medina-Franco José L. , Cedeño Fernando León , Flores-García Mirthala , Mejia-Domínguez Ana María , de la Peña-Díaz Aurora 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of coumarin and 15 monosubstituted
derivatives on the inhibition of human platelet aggregation induced by various proaggregatory
agonists, particularly by epinephrine.

Background:
The emergence of residual platelet reactivity during the use of conventional antiplatelet
agents (acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel) is one of the main causes of double therapy´s
therapeutic failure. Platelet adrenoceptors participate in residual platelet reactivity. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop new antiplatelet agents that inhibit epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation
as a new therapeutic strategy. Information on the antiplatelet activity of coumarins in inhibiting
epinephrine-induced aggregation is limited.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to establish the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of
coumarin derivatives with hydroxy, methoxy, and acetoxy groups in different positions of the coumarin
nucleus to identify the most active molecules. Moreover, this study aimed to use in silico
studies to suggest potential drug targets to which the molecules bind to produce antiplatelet effects.

Methods:
The platelet aggregation was performed using a Lumi-aggregometer; the inhibitory activity
of 16 compounds were evaluated by inducing the aggregation of human platelets (250 × 103/μl)
with epinephrine (10 μM), collagen (2 μg/ml) or ADP (10 μM). The aggregation of control
platelets was considered 100% of the response for each pro-aggregatory agonist.

Results:
Eleven molecules inhibited epinephrine-induced aggregation, with 3-acetoxycoumarin
and 7-methoxycoumarin being the most active. Only coumarin inhibited collagen-induced platelet
aggregation, but no molecule showed activity when using ADP as an inducer.

Conclusions :
In silico studies suggest that most active molecules might have antagonistic interactions
in the α2 and β2 adrenoceptors. The antiplatelet actions of these coumarins have the potential
to reduce residual platelet reactivity and thus contribute to the development of future treatments for
patients who do not respond adequately to conventional agents.
An Investigation on the Impacts of Fuel Carrier Price on the Consumer
Price Inflation in Iran
Authors: Norouzi Nima 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Oil is one of the primary commodities of all countries globally and is, in
essence, the energy base of all that we know as transportation. Therefore, price fluctuations of derivatives,
especially fuel and oil derivatives, are the policymakers’ main concerns because they can
cause serious problems, such as inflation in commodity prices.

Objective:
The impact of fuel carriers’ prices on the consumer price index remains a subject of debate
and research. This paper aims to develop a model to define the inflation regime in Iran and
then investigate the impact of gasoline and diesel price on the total inflation rate.

Method:
In this study, using the central bank time series and available data on energy balance and
World Bank data banks, a non-linear distributed online delay regression model is developed to analyze
the relationship between fuel price and essential commodity inflation.

Results:
The results show that there is an impact of gasoline prices on inflation. It does not have
much effect in the long term, but diesel can somewhat influence raising prices, which can exacerbate
poverty in the community that needs special attention.

Conclusion:
It was also found that increase in diesel’s price is harmful to the economy because it
can stimulate inflation in the long term. However, in the short term, diesel does not cause any significant
inflation in the prices. While gasoline prices can have many short-term social effects, this
paper suggests that the Iranian government's control of diesel fuel prices prevents long-term inflation
and inflation in consumer price rate.
Comparing Intravenous Single Low Doses of Magnesium Sulphate versus Dexamethasone as Adjuvants to Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Prolongation of Postcesarean Analgesia
Authors: Abdelrahman Tamer N. , Abu-Sinna Rasha G. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The TAP block is a regional anesthetic technique, which blocks neural afferents between T6 and L1, which provide anterior abdominal walls and therefore help to alleviate postoperative pain.

Aim:
The aim is to compare the efficacy of preoperative single low dose of intravenous MgSO4 versus intravenous dexamethasone as adjuvants to ultrasound guided TAP block for prolongation of postcesaren analgesia.

Materials and Methods:
A total 60 pregnant females were selected undergoing elective caesarean sections under general anesthesia with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block done at the end of surgery. Patients were randomly and equally allocated into three groups of 20 patients each. The first group of patients were classified as magnesium sulphate group (M)who received 50 mg/Kg IV, the second group of patients were classified as dexamethasone group (D) who received 2 mg IV and the third group was classified as the placebo group (C) who received IV saline.

Results:
Comparison of the VAS at 6 and 12 hours postoperatively showed statistically significantly lower values in group (M) and group (D) compared to group (C) and also group (M) was significantly lower than group (D) as well. The time interval until first rescue analgesia (Nalbuphine) needed by the patients (VAS ≥ 50) was significantly longer in group (M) compared to group (D) and group (C) consecutively. Additionally, it was significantly longer in group (D) than in the control group(C). The total dose of rescue analgesia consumed during the first 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in groups (M) than in group (D) and both groups showed lesser doses compared to group (C)

Conclusion:
We concluded that both MgSO4 and dexamethasone could prolong the postoperative duration and analgesic efficiency provided by the TAP block in cesarean sections. This further reduced the demands for postoperative rescue analgesia, with MgSO4 found to be more efficient than IV dexamethasone.
Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT04223128
Clinical Effectiveness of Different Technologies for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Loehnert Maxine , Stichling Stefanie 
Published: April 2021

Background
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy occurs worldwide and is closely associated with health issues in women and their offspring, such as pregnancy and birth complications, respectively, as well as comorbidities, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. To optimize the management of diabetic pregnancies, sustainable strategies are urgently needed. Investigation of constantly evolving technologies for diabetes that help to manage pregnancy and health is required.

Objective
We aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical effectiveness of technologies for diabetes in pregnancy.

Methods
Relevant databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2020 for clinical studies (2008-2020). Findings were organized by type of diabetes, type of technology, and outcomes (glycemic control, pregnancy- and birth-related outcomes, and neonatal outcomes). Study quality was assessed using Effective Public Health Practice Project criteria.

Results
We identified 15 randomized controlled trials, 3 randomized crossover trials, 2 cohort studies, and 2 controlled clinical trials. Overall, 9 studies focused on type 1 diabetes, 0 studies focused on gestational diabetes, and 3 studies focused on both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. We found that 9 studies were strong quality, 11 were moderate quality, and 2 were weak quality. Technologies for diabetes seemed to have particularly positive effects on glycemic control in all types of diabetes, shown by some strong and moderate quality studies. Positive trends in pregnancy-related, birth-related, and neonatal outcomes were observed.

Conclusions
Technologies have the potential to effectively improve the management of diabetes during pregnancy. Further research on the clinical effectiveness of these technologies is needed, especially in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes.
Transformative Energy Policy in Federal Systems
Authors: Benz Arthur , Broschek Jörg 
Published: April 2021

Transforming the energy system towards an increasing share of renewables requires a significant change of a policy to redirect the path-dependent evolution of a highly complex technical system. Moreover, a new path of development towards energy provision from renewables has to be stabilized to assure sustainability. The federal systems in Canada and Germany diverge in the institutional conditions relevant for policy change and stability. Canadian federalism separates powers in energy policy and allows the federal and provincial governments to change policies on their own. In contrast, German federalism requires co-operation between federal and Länder governments which favors policy stability but renders significant change unlikely.
However, energy transformation started in the 1990s in Germany under conditions that allowed the federal government to avoid the usual mode of joint decision-making. In Canada, provincial governments took the lead in energy transformation, when the conservative federal government showed no interest in intergovernmental coordination. The article explains these shifts in power within the institutional framework. It also discusses the consequences, considering the stability of transformative energy policy. In Germany, policy change from the center undermined the stabilizing structures of intergovernmental coordination, in Canada, institutional conditions favoring continuity never existed. Hence in both countries, governments changed policies but failed to reform institutions of governance.
Relationship to phonological awareness and engineering literacy
Authors: Portal-Domingo Reinaldo , Vergel-Ortega Mawency 
Published: April 2021

The research identifies storytelling concepts in engineers from university professors. The research follows a qualitative approach applied to 250 participants from universities in the Norte de Santander department. The results identify three categories associated with the application of science, the function of the history of engineers and scientific production. It is concluded that participant’s concept storytelling as the art of telling a story and a didactic resource associated with approaches, the development of skills, useful to analyse the development of discoveries in engineers, its actors, its application in scientific advances and its contribution to innovation and community development. The correlation between the variables reading and writing and phonological awareness is statistically significant, with a confidence of 95%, which shows that engineers who presented low scores in writing also denoted low results in phonological awareness.
Estrategias para impulsar el mercadeo verde en las empresas de Cúcuta
Authors: Rincón-Jaimes Stiven David , Machuca-García Laura Viviana , Rondón-Castellanos Sory Samira 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo Crear estrategias para dar a conocer la importancia del mercadeo verde en las empresas de Cúcuta norte de Santander. Los cambios sociales que se han venido dando en la actualidad, ha provocado cambios en los consumidores con respecto al consumo de los productos, por una parte la estructura de los valores de los individuos ha hecho consecuentemente que cambie las costumbres y hábitos de alimentación, y no solo eso, sino también los modos y rutinas relacionadas con la compra. En este sentido, han proliferado nuevos productos y servicios como los productos ecológicos, que actualmente están adquiriendo gran importancia debido a los cambios en la estructura social de valores, dando lugar a nuevas tendencias y patrones de consumo con un enfoque de cuidado al planeta.
Body Contouring of the Trunk
Authors: Faulkner Heather R. 
Published: April 2021

Body contouring is a term that encompasses both surgical and non-surgical (minimally invasive) procedures for improving the form of the body. There are a variety of reasons patients may seek out truncal body contouring, including massive weight loss and changes associated with childbirth and aging. Knowledge of the available treatment options and technologies is paramount to the ability to counsel patients accurately about suitability for surgery, expected outcomes, and recognition of complications. This review covers pre-operative patient assessment, techniques, and complications of surgical and non-surgical treatments for body contouring of the trunk (excluding abdominoplasty, which is covered in a separate chapter).
This review contains 4 figures, 2 tables, and 27 references.
Keywords: body contouring, trunk, liposuction, lower body lift, upper body lift, skin tightening, skin laxity, cryolipolysis, panniculectomy, focused ultrasound, radiofrequency.
The role of Pig production and Market value chain in the occurrence of African Swine Fever in Songwe and Ruvuma regions, Tanzania
Authors: Ngosomwile Ntuli , Sindato Calvin , Komba Erick V.G. , Ndyetabula Daniel W. 
Published: April 2021

Background: In recent years, the pig industry in Tanzania has faced frequent occurrence of outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF). However, there is inadequate information on the pig value chain operation in relation to occurrence of ASF. This study aimed at mapping pig value chain and assess its contribution to the occurrence and spread of ASF in Tanzania.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Songwe, Momba, Songea and Mbinga districts of Tanzania. Study districts were purposively selected based on the density of pig population, differences in production systems and history of ASF outbreaks. A total number of 484 pig producers and 28 traders were involved in the study. Random sampling was used to select pig producers. Pig traders were selected using snowball technique. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on pig management and production practices, veterinary services, pig marketing practices and biosecurity measures using Open Data Kit (ODK) software. Semi structured interviews were conducted with key informants on perceived risk practices that are related to ASF outbreaks, challenges and recommendations on ASF prevention and control measures. Observation method was used to assess structure, facilities and practices within the pig production chain.
Results: The main actors in the pig production chain were pig producers, assemblers, wholesalers and retailers. Unknown stock source (30%), poor husbandry practice such as free ranging (5%), poor management of waste products (73%) and poor handling of feed (73%) were risk practices in the production node. Transportation nodes operated under high risk due to frequent movements and pick-ups of ≥ 30 pigs per trip.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that different actors operate in the pig production, distribution and marketing chain. Each node operated under low biosecurity measures, and poor infrastructures that are likely to contribute to occurrence of ASF. There is need to improve good husbandry practices, marketing and infrastructures to increase production while ensuring pork safety.
Detection of mixed infection of Plasmodium species in the Southern province of Rwanda. Case study: Ruhango, Bunyogombe and Kibilizi Health centres
Authors: Ndahiro Regis , Bizimana Pascal , Ndoricyimpaye Ella Larissa , Hakizimana Alphonse , Mfizi Jean Damascene 
Published: April 2021

Background: Malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa including Rwanda. Though the prevalence of malaria has been reduced due to the use of indoor residual sprayings and insecticide-treated bed nets, it is still a disease that kills many people annually. Many studies conducted revealed that in sub-Saharan Africa including Rwanda there is a high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum. However, there is still a gap in the identification of the presence of mixed Plasmodium infection. This study was conducted to determine the overall prevalence of Plasmodium species as well as that of mixed plasmodium infection in Ruhango and Kibilizi Health centres.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 participants in Ruhango, Bunyogombe and Kibilizi health centres located in the southern province of Rwanda. The conventional sampling strategy was used for the selection of individuals who consented to participate in the study. Blood samples were used to detect Plasmodium species and the obtained data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and IBM SPSS version 21.
Results: Among 126 participants presenting with signs and symptoms of malaria, the overall positive cases of Plasmodium species were 61(48.4%) and among the total positive cases 56 (44.5%) were infected with single Plasmodium species while 5 (4%) were infected with mixed Plasmodium species. Plasmodium falciparum was the most prevalent species infecting 49 (39%) participants while Plasmodium vivax was the least prevalent infection, detected in only 1(0.8%) participant.
Conclusion: The study identified the significant prevalence of mixed-species of Plasmodium infection as well as the high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in the study population. These findings suggest that there is a need for continued monitoring of non-falciparum infection in this population and the introduction of species-specific RDTs that can be used for diagnostic purposes.
Effectiveness of Azadirachta indica (neem tree) on prevention and treatment of clinical human malaria: A systematic review
Authors: Mbugi Erasto Vitus , Sife Alfred Said , Ruzegea Mboni , Msoffe Grace Emmanuel Peter , Daniel Bestina , Kabyemela Edward , Sunguya Bruno , Lwoga Edda Tandi 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Neem tree parts such as leaves, stem barks, and roots are known to have some medicinal values in both humans and animals. However, the evidence is scattered and vary with populations and regions. This systematic review sought to explore the effectiveness of neem as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent against malaria.
Methodology: The systematic review examined the effectiveness of neem using the pre-registered review protocol and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The Population Intervention Comparator Outcome (PICO) question was: “What is the effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica) when used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for malaria infection?” It included all cross-sectional survey studies, qualitative studies, case-control studies, randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and cohort studies with or without comparison groups. Studies that had both children and adult patients who were diagnosed with malaria were included in the survey. Malaria patients using traditional medications other than neem as well as those who did not use neem were excluded from this study. The search for articles, screening, and synthesis were conducted using the Rayyan software.
Results: Out of the total 1089 articles retrieved, only 3 fitted the inclusion criteria, 1 article could not be retrieved. A narrative synthesis was therefore done on 2 final research articles that were retrievable. The pooled evidence shows that Azadirachta indica is effective against malaria. The medicinal effects are more on symptoms and curbing development to clinical disease than ant parasitic effects.
Conclusion: Neem is potential traditional medicine for malaria symptoms’ treatment, but evidence on ant parasitic effects is still not conclusive. The study recommends further primary studies to enhance the power of results to further recommend this plant for the prevention of or treatment of malaria symptoms.