bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium‐Sulfur Battery Enabled by Confined Electrocatalytic Polysulfides Full Conversion
Authors: Huang Zhanpeng , Song Bin , Zhang Hong , Feng Fan , Zhang Wenli , Lu Ke , Chen Qianwang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe efficient polysulfide capture and reversible sulfur recovery during reverse charging process are critical to exploiting the full potential of room temperature NaS batteries. Here, based on a core‐shell design strategy, the structural and chemical synergistic manipulation of sodium polysulfides quasi‐solid‐state reversible conversion is proposed. The sulfur is encapsulated in the multi‐pores of 3D interconnected carbon fiber as the core structure. The Fe(CN)64−‐doped polypyrrole film serves as a redox‐active polar shell to lock up polysulfides and promote complete polysulfide conversion. Importantly, the short‐chain Na2S4 polysulfides are reduced to Na2S directly leaving with a small fraction of soluble intermediates as the cation‐transfer medium at the core/shell interface, and freeing up formation of solid Na2S2 incomplete product. Further, the redox mediator with open Fe species electrocatalytically lowers the Na2S oxidation energy barrier and renders the high reversibility of electrodeposited Na2S. The tunable quasi‐solid‐state reversible sulfur conversion under versatile polymer sheath greatly enhances sulfur utilization, affording a remarkable capacity of 1071 mAh g−1 and a stable high capacity of 700 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 200 cycles. The confined electrocatalytic effect provides a strategy for tuning electrochemical pathway of sulfur species and guarantees high‐efficiency sulfur electrochemistry.
[3+1+1] Annulation Reaction of Benzo‐1,2‐Quinones, Aldehydes and Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride: Access to Benzoxazoles with Inorganic Nitrogen Source
Authors: Chen Fulin , Zhu Chuanle , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA synthesis of benzoxazoles with an inorganic nitrogen source is reported. By employing large‐tonnage industrial feedstock inorganic hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the nitrogen source, its [3+1+1] annulation reaction with benzo‐1,2‐quinones and aldehydes delivers various useful benzoxazoles in high yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies prove that the quinone oxime rather than the aldehyde oxime is the reaction intermediate.magnified image
(−)‐Isoscopariusin A, a Naturally Occurring Immunosuppressive Meroditerpenoid: Structure Elucidation and Scalable Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Yan Bing‐Chao , Zhou Min , Li Jian , Li Xiao‐Nian , He Shi‐Jun , Zuo Jian‐Ping , Sun Han‐Dong , Li Ang , Puno Pema‐Tenzin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract(−)‐Isoscopariusin A was isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon scoparius. Chemical synthesis and spectroscopic analysis established its structure as an unsymmetrical meroditerpenoid bearing a sterically congested 6/6/4 tricyclic carbon skeleton with seven continuous stereocenters. A gram‐scale synthesis was achieved in 12 steps from commercially available (+)‐sclareolide. A cobalt catalyzed, hydrogen atom transfer‐based olefin isomerization was used to prepare a trisubstituted alkene, which underwent stereoselective [2+2] cycloaddition with a substituted keteniminium ion generated in situ from the corresponding amide. The cyclobutanone product was further elaborated into the fully substituted cyclobutane core through face‐selective homologation, and the two side chains were installed by using nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling and carbodiimide‐mediated esterification, respectively. (−)‐Isoscopariusin A displayed selective inhibition of T‐cell proliferation.
Titanium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenes with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Geik Dennis , Rosien Michael , Bielefeld Jens , Schmidtmann Marc , Doye Sven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe first cationic titanium catalyst system for the intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation of alkenes with various tertiary alkylamines is presented. Corresponding reactions which involve the addition of the α‐C−H bond of a tertiary amine across the C−C double bond of an alkene take place at temperatures close to room temperature with excellent regioselectivity to deliver the branched products exclusively. Interestingly, for selected amines, α‐C−H bond activation occurs not only at N‐methyl but also at N‐methylene groups.
The challenge of predicting spinnability: Investigating benefits of adding lignin to cellulose solutions in air‐gap spinning
Authors: Bengtsson Jenny , Jedvert Kerstin , Köhnke Tobias , Theliander Hans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the underlying mechanism for improved spinnability when mixing lignin and cellulose in solution was investigated. Co‐processing of lignin and cellulose has previously been identified as a potential route for production of inexpensive and bio‐based carbon fibers. The molecular order of cellulose contributes to the strength of the fibers and the high carbon content of lignin improves the yield during conversion to carbon fibers. The current work presents an additional benefit of combining lignin and cellulose; solutions that contain both lignin and cellulose could be air‐gap spun at substantially higher draw ratios than pure cellulose solutions, that is, lignin improved the spinnability. Fibers were spun from solutions containing different ratios of lignin, from 0 to 70 wt%, and the critical draw ratio was determined at various temperatures of solution. The observations were followed by characterization of the solutions with shear and elongational viscosity and surface tension, but none of these methods could explain the beneficial effect of lignin on the spinnability. However, by measuring the take‐up force it was found that lignin seems to stabilize against diameter fluctuations during spinning, and plausible explanations are discussed.
Three‐dimensional printing of high‐performance polyimide by direct ink writing of hydrogel precursor
Authors: Qin Shiyu , Jiang Yu , Ji Zhongying , Yang Chang , Guo Yuxiong , Zhang Xiaoqin , Qin Hongling , Jia Xin , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing of all‐aromatic polyimides (PIs) is attracting extensive attention due to the advantages of excellent comprehensive performances and complex structures. It still remains challenges because of some drawbacks, such as poor solubility and infusibility, and the environmental unfriendly preparation. Here, polyamide acid salt (PAAS) hydrogels were prepared by the reaction of polyamide acid (PAA) with organic amines in water. PAAS hydrogels had remarkable rheological properties, which made it applied in direct ink writing 3D printing. The printed objects were finally converted into high‐performances PI objects with prominent mechanical properties and thermal stability. Not only so, the advantages also include simple preparation, less organic solvent, low thermal imidization temperature (250°C), controllable macrostructure and porous microstructure, and the present 3D printed PI by PAAS was expected to significantly promote the application potentials. In this study, thermal conductivity (100°C) of the PI objects after structure design and 3D printing was reduced from 0.102 W m−1 K−1 to 0.061 W m−1 K−1, and density was reduced from 0.4562 g cm−3 to 0.2731 g cm−3.
Development of the chicken skull: A complement to the external staging table of Hamburger and Hamilton
Authors: Arnaout Bassel , Lantigua Kayla E. , MacKenzie Erin M. , McKinnell Iain W. , Maddin Hillary C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmbryonic staging tables provide a standard of developmental stages that can be used by individual investigators and provide approximate time points for the study of developmental phenomena. Surprisingly, despite the presence of a plethora of studies on the chicken skull and its role as a model species in developmental research, a staging table of the development of the chicken skull remains lacking. A detailed photographic staging table of the osseous portion of the chicken skull is thus presented here based on cleared and stained HH stages spanning HH 35 (first appearance of skull ossification) to the final stage before hatching (HH 45). This table documents the development of most of the cranial elements in the skull from the start of ossification until the element takes its final shape. The table shows that the elements of the lower jaw and ventral side of the skull begin ossifying before the skull roof and that most elements take roughly 5 days to reach their final shape, whereas others take up to 9 days (e.g., the frontal). The obtained results lead to several hypotheses about chicken skull development and provide a timeframe for future studies on chicken skull development.
Development, structure, and protein composition of the corneous beak in turtles
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe beak or rhamphotheca in turtles is a horny lamina that replaces the teeth. Its origin, development, structure, and protein composition are here presented. At mid‐development stages, the epidermis of the maxilla and mandible gives rise to placodes that enlarge and merge into laminae through an intense cell proliferation. In these expanding laminae, the epidermis gives rise to 5–8 layers of embryonic epidermis where coarse filaments accumulate for the initial keratinization of cells destined to be sloughed before hatching. Underneath the embryonic epidermis of the beak numerous layers of spindle‐shaped beta‐cells are produced while they are absent in other skin regions. Beta‐cells contain hard corneous material and give rise to the corneous layer of the beak whose external layers desquamate due to wearing and mechanical abrasion. Beta‐catenin is present in nuclei of proliferating keratinocytes of the germinal layer likely responding to a wnt signal, but also is part of the adhesive junctions located among beak keratinocytes. The thick corneous layer is made of mature corneocytes connected one to another along their irregular perimeter by an unknown cementing material and junctional remnants. Immunolabeling shows that the main components of the horny beak are Corneous Beta Proteins (CBPs) of 10–15 kDa which genes are located in the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) of the turtle genome. Specific CBPs, in addition to a lower amount of Intermediate Filament Keratins, accumulate in the horny beak. Compaction of the main proteins with other unknown, minor proteins give rise to the hard corneous material of the beak.
Identification of long noncoding RNAs in silkworm larvae infected with Bombyx mori cypovirus
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Zhao Ze , Lin Su , Wu Wanming , Tang Weiming , Dong Youfu , Shen Manman , Wu Ping , Guo Xijie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV) is one of the most important pathogens causing severe disease to silkworm. Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play importantly regulatory roles in virus infection and host immune response. To better understand the interaction between silkworm, Bombyx mori and BmCPV, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis on lncRNAs and mRNAs between the virus‐infected and noninfected silkworm larvae midgut at two time points postinoculation. A total of 16,753 genes and 1845 candidate lncRNAs were identified, among which 356 messenger RNA (mRNAs) and 41 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE). Target gene prediction revealed that most of DEmRNAs (123) were coexpressed with 28 DElncRNAs, suggesting that the expression of mRNA is mainly affected through trans‐ regulation by BmCPV‐induced lncRNAs, and a regulatory network of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs was then constructed. According to the network, many genes involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and antiviral response, such as ATG3, PDCD6, IBP2, and MFB1, could be targeted by different DElncRNAs, implying the essential roles of these genes and lncRNAs in BmCPV infection. In all, our studies revealed for the first time the alteration of lncRNA expression in BmCPV‐infected larvae and its potential influence on BmCPV replication, providing a new perspective for host–cypovirus interaction studies.
Green growth versus economic growth: Do sustainable technology transfer and innovations lead to an imperfect choice?
Authors: Fernandes Cristina I. , Veiga Pedro Mota , Ferreira João J.M. , Hughes Mathew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA concern with the mitigation of climate change cuts a transversal line across economic agents, epitomized by two contradictory viewpoints. Some defend that green growth can be achieved without harming economic growth; others argue that it is not possible to respect sustainability if intensive consumption of goods continues to foster economic growth. Our research aims to analyze the role that sustainable technology transfer and sustainable innovations play in green growth and ascertain the impact of green growth on economic growth. We use aggregated country‐level data provided by the OECD, including national accounts, population, and environment statistics (including patents) between 1990 and 2013 for 32 countries, corresponding to an unbalanced panel of 591 observations. We estimate econometric models based on dynamic panel methodologies to capture differences that exist over time. The results show that sustainable technology transfer and sustainable innovation promote green growth, which in turn positively impacts economic growth. We contribute new insight to the green growth versus economic growth debate and provide several political and management implications.
A multidisciplinary minimally invasive approach for the esthetics of the smile
Authors: Pallotta Graziano , Amenta Francesco , Salaris Stefano , Santaniello Sabrina , Guida Antonio , Triestino Gilberto , Illuzzi Nicola , Nittari Giulio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work is to define a new multidisciplinary pathway for dental and gingival problems. The method consists of three different instruments that can resolve dental, labial, and periodontal imperfections with minimal invasiveness.
Presentation and Treatment of cholinergic Crisis in the setting of Carbamate poisoning
Authors: Nguyen Hiep H. , Kidron Ariel , Liu Tianyi , Nguyen Nghi , Nguyen Hoang , Vo An 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe case details the acute onset of muscarinic poisoning with associated symptoms and long‐term complications, as a new readily available suicide tool that clinicians should be keen to, combined with the appropriate treatment so lifesaving therapy may be urgently administered along with future mental health therapy.
Rectovaginal fistula in a cervical cancer patient treated with sequential radiotherapy and bevacizumab: A dose‐volume analysis
Authors: Tomizawa Kento , Ando Ken , Shimada Hirofumi , Kaminuma Takuya , Murata Kazutoshi , Oike Takahiro , Ohno Tatsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor that exerts antitumor effect by preventing tumor angiogenesis. Gastrointestinal fistula is a common side effect of bevacizumab in combination with radiotherapy. This case of rectovaginal fistula indicates that the side effect may be unpredictable by the conventional dose‐volume parameters for the rectum.
CFD Modeling of Reactor Concepts to Avoid Carbon Deposition in Pyrolysis Reactions
Authors: Becker Tobias , Keuchel Florian , Agar David W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMethane pyrolysis in an externally heated tubular reactor inevitably ends with clogging of the reactor. Thin molten metal wall films protect the walls from carbon depositions. A falling film reactor and a rotating film reactor are investigated by CFD simulation. The results show the considerable advantages of a rotating film reactor compared to the vertical film reactor. An alternative route for carbon production from methane is the implementation of an exothermic chlorination reaction. The tubular reactor concept involves the inflow of inert gas at the reactant inlet and through porous walls to ensure that the reaction takes place in the center, thus, largely reducing carbon deposits.
A novel one‐dimensional convolutional neural network architecture for chemical process fault diagnosis
Authors: Niu Xin , Yang Xia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, industrial production has become increasingly automated, with the widespread application of informational and digital technology. Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) technology is also playing an increasingly important role in the chemical process industry. However, owing to the weak generalization ability of prior models, or prior methods not being suitable for industrial sensor signal data, the fault detection rate is not satisfactory, which is a significant limitation of many fault diagnosis methods in practical applications. In response to this problem, the one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN) model can directly process signal samples without changing the one‐dimensional characteristics of the data, which may be more suitable for processing such signal data. Therefore, a new 1D‐CNN architecture is proposed for FDD. The network architectures, including convolutional layers, pooling layers, fully connected layers, and various parameters, are optimized in the proposed method. The Tennessee Eastman process (TE process) is employed to assess prominent performance of the method. To comprehensively reflect the performance of the model, three evaluation indexes are selected in this study: accuracy, F1‐score, and fault detection rate. The experimental results indicate that compared with other diagnostic methods, the 1D‐CNN model has excellent feature extraction ability, which can remarkably improve diagnostic capability in the TE process.
Independent association of marijuana use and poor oral hygiene with HPV–negative but not HPV–positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Shewale Jitesh B. , Pickard Robert K. L. , Xiao Weihong , Jiang Bo , Gillison Maura L. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSexual behavior is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive head and neck cancer, whereas tobacco and alcohol use are associated with HPV–negative cancer. A case‐control study was designed to investigate additional demographic and behavioral factors independently associated with these distinct oral cancers.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2014, 249 newly diagnosed oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases were matched (1:2) on age, gender, and self‐identified race to 498 controls without a cancer history attending the outpatient otolaryngology clinic at The Ohio State University in Columbus. Cases were stratified by detection of high‐risk HPV DNA and RNA in tumors. Demographic and behavioral data were collected using an audio computer‐assisted self‐interview, and associations with HPV–positive versus HPV–negative OSCCs were investigated by use of univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression models.ResultsAfter adjustment for oral sexual behavior, the odds of HPV–positive cancer decreased with the patient's years of education. Annual income, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, marijuana smoking, and poor oral hygiene were not associated with HPV–positive OSCC. In contrast, the odds of HPV–negative OSCC increased independently with decreased annual income, decreased with a high number of marijuana hit‐years, and increased with fewer than annual dental visits after adjustment for lifetime tobacco and alcohol use. Sexual behavior and education were not associated with HPV–negative OSCC.ConclusionsThe distinct risk‐factor profiles for HPV–positive and HPV–negative OSCC are confirmed and extended in this case‐control study, thus supporting 2 principal etiological pathways for OSCC development.Lay Summary

Sexually acquired human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established cause of tonsil and base of tongue cancers. This study compared and contrasted risk factors for HPV–positive and HPV–negative oral cancers.

Low number of years of education and sexual behavior are associated with HPV–positive cancer. In contrast, low annual income, infrequent dental visits, and tobacco and alcohol use are associated with HPV–negative cancers.

Long‐term marijuana use appears protective for HPV–negative cancer.

Public health efforts to address these modifiable risk factors may prevent oral cancer.
Examining reporting and representation of patients with cancer in COVID‐19 clinical trials
Authors: Rabow Maya , Wang Christine , Zhang Sylvia , Tahir Peggy Mary , Small Eric J. , Borno Hala T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cancer are particularly vulnerable in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with a cancer diagnosis are three times more likely to die from COVID‐19 compared to non‐cancer patients. Due to these observed risks, it is critical that emerging COVID‐19 therapies demonstrate safety and efficacy among patients with cancer.AimThis study sought to examine reporting and representation of patients with cancer among published COVID‐19 treatment‐related research studies.Methods and resultsAll published COVID‐19 treatment‐related clinical research studies published from March 1 to August 20, 2020 recruiting from North America and Europe were identified. The date published, study design, therapeutics studied, and study population were evaluated. Of the 343 studies identified through initial search and researcher knowledge, 55 (16%) reported on COVID‐19 treatments. Twenty‐one COVID‐19 therapeutic studies (n = 15, prospective; n = 6, retrospective) that recruited from the United States and Europe were identified. Among these studies, eight (38%) reported on the number of trial participants with a cancer diagnosis in the publication and two (10%) specified tumor type. Four of the studies (19%) did not collect cancer history. Among studies where cancer history was available, patients with a cancer diagnosis participated at a proportion higher than overall cancer prevalence and greater than the known proportion of COVID‐19 patients with cancer.ConclusionThis study observed that cancer history was not uniformly collected or reported among published COVID‐19 therapeutic studies. Among reported publications, we observed that patients with a cancer diagnosis were generally overrepresented. However, patients with a cancer diagnosis were notably underrepresented in outpatient COVID‐19 therapeutic studies.