bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artistic Genius versus the Hanse Canon from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age in Tallinn
Authors: Maiste Juhan 
Published: February 2021

In the article, the author examines one of the most outstanding andproblematic periods in the art history of Tallinn as a Hanseatic city,which originated, on the one hand, in the Hanseatic tradition andthe medieval approach to Gothic transcendental realism, and onthe other, in the approach typical of the new art cities of Flanders,i.e. to see a reflection of the new illusory reality in the pictures. Acloser examination is made of two works of art imported to Tallinnin the late 15th century, i.e. the high altar in the Church of the HolySpirit by Bernt Notke and the altarpiece of Holy Mary, whichwas originally commissioned by the Brotherhood of Blackheadsfor the Dominican Monastery and is now in St Nicholas’ Church.Despite the differences in the iconography and style of the twoworks, their links to tradition and artistic geography, which in thisarticle are conditionally defined as the Hanse canon, are apparentin both of them.The methods and rules for classifying the transition from theMiddle Ages to the Modern Era were not critical nor exclusive.Rather they included a wide range of phenomena on the outskirtsof the major art centres starting from the clients and ending with
the semantic significance of the picture, and the attributes that wereemployed to the individual experiences of the different masters,who were working together in the large workshops of Lübeck, andsomewhat later, in Bruges and Brussels.When ‘reading’ the Blackheads’ altar, a question arises of threedifferent styles, all of them were united by tradition and the waythat altars were produced in the large workshops for the extensiveart market that stretched from one end of the continent to the other,and even further from Lima to Narva. Under the supervision ofthe leading master and entrepreneur (Hans Memling?) two othermasters were working side by side in Bruges – Michel Sittow, whowas born in Tallinn, and the Master of the Legend of Saint Lucywere responsible for executing the task.In this article, the author has highlighted new points of reference,which on the one hand explain the complex issues of attributionof the Tallinn Blackheads’ altar, and on the other hand, placethe greatest opus in the Baltics in a broader context, where, inaddition to aesthetic ambitions, both the client and the workshopthat completed the order, played an extensive role. In this way,identifying a specific artist from among the others would usuallyremain a matter of discussion. Tallinn was a port and a wealthycommercial city at the foregates of the East where it took decadesfor the spirit of the Renaissance to penetrate and be assimilated.Instead of an unobstructed view we are offered uncertain andoften mixed values based on what we perceive through the veil ofsemantic research.
APRESENTAÇÃO - TECNOLOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO: INTEGRANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS E INVESTIGAÇÕES NO CONTEXTO AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Cordeiro Leonardo Zenha , Correa Juliane , Almeida Doriedson 
Published: February 2021

Neste texto expomos o momento e o contexto a partir do qual elegemos a temática Tecnologia e Educação, considerando o desejo e a necessidade de dar maior visibilidade, neste formato de dossiê, aos trabalhos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão que abordam as maneiras de pensar, agir e aprender engajadas no contexto local e conectadas com as questões globais. Enfatizamos a necessidade, tendo em vista um processo de transformação, de se considerar o contexto, incluindo seus sujeitos e seus espaços de reprodução da vida, nos estudos e ações que envolvam tecnologias e educação. Em seguida, apresentamos um conjunto composto por treze artigos provenientes de investigações, relatos de experiências, entrevistas, resenhas de livro e dissertação que interpelam como as tecnologias de informação e comunicação influenciam as questões educacionais e sociais, assim como as formas de abordá-las num processo investigativo. Com isso, esperamos contribuir com essa realidade educacional, articulando experiências e investigações que possam promover debates, novos olhares e novas perspectivas sobre as tecnologias e a educação, considerando, de fato, as especificidades do contexto Amazônico.
EXPERIÊNCIAS ESTÉTICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL A PARTIR DE PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DESENHADAS PELA ARTE – A CAMINHADA DESTA PESQUISA
Authors: Da Silva Andréia Haudt , Polidori Zamperetti Maristani 
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Este artigo trata das contribuições da pesquisa: Experiências estéticas na educação infantil – práticas pedagógicas desenhadas pela arte. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola de educação infantil da rede municipal de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, a partir da problemática: Que espaços e tempos são promovidos pelos professores de Educação Infantil para favorecer a ocorrência de experiências estéticas no cotidiano das crianças? Foi possível perceber que para a promoção de tempos e espaços que possibilitem experiências estéticas faz-se necessário educar o olhar e a escuta docente. Este é um trabalho que começa desde a formação do professor de educação infantil e ocorre também no exercício de sua prática. Palavras-chave: Arte; Educação Infantil; Experiências Estéticas; Formação Docente.
Frequency of five Escherichia Coli pathotypes in Iranian adults and children with acute diarrhea
Authors: Eybpoosh Sana , Mostaan Saeid , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Masoumi-Asl Hossein , Owlia Parviz , Eshrati Babak , Montazer Razavi Khorasan Mohammad Reza , Bouzari Saeid 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundKnowledge about the distribution ofEscherichia Coli(E.coli) pathotypes in Iran is limited. This nation-wide survey aims to provide a comprehensive description of the distribution of five pathogenicE.coliin Iran.MethodsStool samples were collected from 1,306 acute diarrhea cases from 15 provinces (2013–2014).E.coli-positive cultures underwent PCR testing for the detection of STEC, ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, and EIEC pathotypes. Pathotype frequency by province, age-group, and season was estimated.Results979 diarrhea samples (75.0%) were culture-positive forE.coli(95% CI: 72.6, 77.3%), and 659 (50.5%) were pathogenicE.coli(95% CI: 47.8, 53.2%). STEC was the most frequent pathotype (35.4%). ETEC (14.0%) and EPEC (13.1%) were the second and the third most frequent pathotypes, respectively. EAEC (4.3%) and EIEC (0.3%) were not highly prevalent. Fars (88.7%) and Khorasan-e-Razavi (34.8%) provinces had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively.E.colipathotypes were more frequent in warmer than cooler seasons, showed the highest frequency among children under five years of age (73%), and had no significant association with participants’ gender.ConclusionsDiarrheagenicE.colimay be an important cause of acute diarrhea in adults and children in Iran. STEC and ETEC seem to be widespread in the country with a peak in warmer seasons, impacting the recommended use of seasonal STEC and ETEC vaccines, especially in high-risk groups. Monitoring the incidence ofE.colipathotypes, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance over time is highly recommended for evaluation of interventions.
Variation of vital signs with potential to influence the performance of qSOFA scoring in the Ethiopian general population at different altitudes of residency: A multisite cross-sectional study
Authors: Früh Jonas , Fuchs Andre , Tufa Tafese Beyene , Früh Loraine , Hurissa Zewdu , Orth Hans Martin , Bode Johannes Georg , Eberhardt Kirsten Alexandra , Häussinger Dieter , Feldt Torsten 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
The physiological range of different vital signs is dependent on various environmental and individual factors. There is a strong interdependent relationship between vital signs and health conditions. Deviations of the physiological range are commonly used for risk assessment in clinical scores, e.g. respiratory rate (RR) and systolic blood pressure (BPsys) in patients with infections within the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score. A limited number of studies have evaluated the performance of such scores in resource-limited health care settings, showing inconsistent results with mostly poor discriminative power. Divergent standard values of vital parameters in different populations, e.g. could influence the accuracy of various clinical scores.

Methods
This multisite cross-sectional observational study was performed among Ethiopians residing at various altitudes in the cities of Asella (2400m above sea level (a.s.l.)), Adama (1600m a.s.l.), and Semara (400m a.s.l.). Volunteers from the local general population were asked to complete a brief questionnaire and have vital signs measured. Individuals reporting acute or chronic illness were excluded.

Results
A positive qSOFA score (i.e. ≥2), indicating severe illness in patients with infection, was common among the studied population (n = 612). The proportion of participants with a positive qSOFA score was significantly higher in Asella (28.1%; 55/196), compared with Adama, (8.3%; 19/230; p<0.001) and Semara (15.1%; 28/186; p = 0.005). Concerning the parameters comprised in qSOFA, the thresholds for RR (≥22/min) were reached in 60.7%, 34.8%, and 38.2%, and for BPsys (≤100 mmHg) in 48.5%, 27.8%, and 36.0% in participants from Asella, Adama, and Semara, respectively.

Discussion
The high positivity rate of qSOFA score in the studied population without signs of acute infection may be explained by variations of the physiological range of different vital signs, possibly related to the altitude of residence. Adaptation of existing scores using local standard values could be helpful for reliable risk assessment.
Development of a method for measuring spleen stiffness by transient elastography using a new device and ultrasound-fusion method
Authors: Tanaka Takaaki , Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Watanabe Takao , Yoshida Osamu , Tokumoto Yoshio , Nakamura Yoshiko , Sunago Koutarou , Yukimoto Atsushi , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: February 2021

Background
Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard index for evaluating portal hypertension; however, measuring HVPG is invasive. Although transient elastography (TE) is the most common procedure for evaluating organ stiffness, accurate measurement of spleen stiffness (SS) is difficult. We developed a device to demonstrate the diagnostic precision of TE and suggest this technique as a valuable new method to measure SS.

Methods
Of 292 consecutive patients enrolled in this single-centre, translational, cross-sectional study from June through September in 2019, 200 underwent SS measurement (SSM) using an M probe (training set, n = 130; inspection set, n = 70). We performed TE with B-mode imaging using an ultrasound-fusion method, printed new devices with a three-dimensional printer, and attached the magnetic position sensor to the convex and M probes. We evaluated the diagnostic precision of TE to evaluate the risk of esophagogastric varices (EGVs).

Results
The median spleen volume was 245 mL (range, 64–1,720 mL), and it took 2 minutes to acquire a B-mode image using the ultrasound-fusion method. The median success rates of TE were 83.3% and 57.6% in patients with and without the new device, respectively (p<0.001); it was 76.9% and 35.0% in patients with and without splenomegaly (<100 mL), respectively (p<0.001). In the prediction of EGVs, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.921 and 0.858 in patients with and without the new device, respectively (p = 0.043). When the new device was attached, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.44 and 0.11, respectively. The cut-off value of SSM was 46.0 kPa. Data that were similar between the validation and training sets were obtained.

Conclusions
The SS can be precisely measured using this new device with TE and ultrasound-fusion method. Similarly, we can estimate the bleeding risk due to EGV using this method.
Self-care as a mediator between symptom-management self-efficacy and quality of life in women with breast cancer
Authors: Chin Chia-Hui , Tseng Ling-Ming , Chao Ta-Chung , Wang Tsae-Jyy , Wu Shu-Fang , Liang Shu-Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Background
The important role of self-efficacy in facilitating health behavior and, in turn, promoting health outcomes has been widely presumed in the theoretical literature. However, little research has focused on the mechanism by which self-care mediates the relationship between symptom-management self-efficacy and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between symptom-management self-efficacy and quality of life in Taiwanese oncology outpatients with breast cancer and then proposes self-care as a mediator between these two factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 201 oncology outpatients at one teaching hospital in metropolitan Taipei City, Taiwan. The research instruments included the Symptom-Management Self-Efficacy Scale—Cancer (SMSES-Breast Ca.), the Self-Care Scale, and the European Organization for Research & Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30).

Results
Symptom-management self-efficacy (SMSE) was directly associated with the QOL of the participants (β = 5.94, p < .001). Moreover, SMSE was indirectly associated with QOL through self-care. Self-care was found to mediate the relationship between symptom-management self-efficacy and global QOL (indirect effect = 0.54, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.18). The level of 95% CI was significant.

Conclusions
The present study supports that self-efficacy beliefs and self-care both significantly and positively influence the quality of life of patients.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of long term outdoor nitrogen dioxide exposure and mortality
Authors: Stieb David M. , Berjawi Rania , Emode Monica , Zheng Carine , Salama Dina , Hocking Robyn , Lyrette Ninon , Matz Carlyn , Lavigne Eric , Shin Hwashin H. 
Published: February 2021

Objective
To determine whether long term exposure to outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with all-cause or cause-specific mortality.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Health and Toxline databases were searched using terms developed by a librarian. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed independently by two reviewers. Conflicts were resolved through consensus and/or involvement of a third reviewer. Pooling of results across studies was conducted using random effects models, heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 measures, and sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using meta-regression. Sensitivity of pooled estimates to individual studies was examined and publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s tests, and trim and fill.

Results
Seventy-nine studies based on 47 cohorts, plus one set of pooled analyses of multiple European cohorts, met inclusion criteria. There was a consistently high degree of heterogeneity. After excluding studies with probably high or high risk of bias in the confounding domain (n = 12), pooled hazard ratios (HR) indicated that long term exposure to NO2 was significantly associated with mortality from all/ natural causes (pooled HR 1.047, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.023–1.072 per 10 ppb), cardiovascular disease (pooled HR 1.058, 95%CI 1.026–1.091), lung cancer (pooled HR 1.083, 95%CI 1.041–1.126), respiratory disease (pooled HR 1.062, 95%CI1.035–1.089), and ischemic heart disease (pooled HR 1.111, 95%CI 1.079–1.144). Pooled estimates based on multi-pollutant models were consistently smaller than those from single pollutant models and mostly non-significant.

Conclusions
For all causes of death other than cerebrovascular disease, the overall quality of the evidence is moderate, and the strength of evidence is limited, while for cerebrovascular disease, overall quality is low and strength of evidence is inadequate. Important uncertainties remain, including potential confounding by co-pollutants or other concomitant exposures, and limited supporting mechanistic evidence. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018084497)
Confinement et déconfinement énergétique des secteurs du bâtiment et des transports
Authors: Cantin Richard 
Published: February 2021

En imposant le confinement des populations, la pandémie du Covid-19 a brutalement freiné de nombreuses activités économiques. Rapidement, les impacts sociaux, environnementaux et climatiques se sont fait sentir sur tous les continents.
La prise de conscience des conséquences de cette pandémie et du confinement interroge les façons de consommer, de travailler, de se déplacer et d'habiter, les modes de vie présents et futurs. Ainsi, dans l'incertitude, se posent une énième fois les questions relatives aux stratégies de croissance ou de décroissance pour le xxie siècle et notamment celles relatives à la mise en œuvre d'une transition énergétique.
En effet, dans de nombreux pays, le secteur du bâtiment, très consommateur d'énergie, peine toujours à engager effectivement sa transition énergétique et avance à petits pas. Quant au secteur des transports, important émetteur de gaz à effet de serre, durement éprouvé par le confinement, il semble finalement contraint de s'y engager mais à marche forcée. Dans ce contexte, penser le monde après la pandémie invite à s'interroger sur les difficultés qu'ont ces deux secteurs économiques majeurs à faire leur transition énergétique.
L'article a pour objectif de mettre en évidence des réflexions prospectives permettant de repenser les problématiques énergétiques des secteurs du bâtiment et des transports. Pour cela, l'approche systémique est mise en œuvre afin d'appréhender la complexité du confinement des consciences dans des modèles à penser les questions énergétiques. Des exemples montrent les limites de ces modèles. Ils illustrent le confinement dans le modèle thermo-industriel, dans des biais cognitifs et la prégnance des macro-systèmes techniques du passé. Enfin, des pistes d'un déconfinement énergétique sont proposées afin d'évaluer les conditions épistémologiques d'une transition énergétique complexe.
Open access resources on motion artifact in adult dentomaxillofacial CBCT: illustrated pictorial review of medical literature
Authors: Olszewski Raphael 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to know how much open access/open knowledge reference figures were available on motion artifacts in CBCT dentomaxillofacial imaging, and to describe and to categorize clinical variation of motion artifacts related to diverse types of head motion retrospectively observed during CBCT scanning time.
Material and methods: a search equation was performed on Pubmed database. We found 56 articles. The 45 articles were out of scope, and 7 articles were excluded after applying exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only 4 articles were finally freely accessible and selected for this review. Moreover, we retrospectively used our department CBCT database to search examinations with motion artifacts. We also checked retrospectively for radiological protocols as the type of motion artifact was described when occurred during the CBCT scanning time by the main observer. We had obtained the approval from the Ethical committee for this study.
Results: The accessibility of free figures on motion artifact in dentomaxillofacial CBCT is limited to 13 figures not annotated, and to one annotated figure presenting a double contour around cortex of bony orbits. We proposed to categorize the
motion artifacts into three levels: low, intermediary, and major. Each level was related to: 1) progressive image quality degradation, 2) distortion of anatomy, and 3) potential possibility of performing clinical diagnosis. All 45 figures were annotated.
Conclusions: There exists a scarce open access literature on motion artifacts in CBCT. In our pictorial review we found that low level motion artifacts were more related to head rotation in axial plane (rolling). Rolling and lateral translation were responsible of intermediary level motion artifacts. Major level motion artifacts were created by complex motion with multiple rotation axes, multiple translation directions, and by anteroposterior translation. The main limitation of this study is related to retrospectively report empirical observation of patient motion during CBCT scanning and to compare these observations with motion artifacts found on clinical images. More robust methodology should be further developed using a virtual simulation of various types of head movements and associated parameters to consolidate the open knowledge on motion artifacts in dentomaxillofacial CBCT.
Discoverability in (a) Crisis
Authors: Kraker Peter , Schramm Maxi , Kittel Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has exposed a host of issues with the current scholarly communication system, one aspect being the discoverability of scientific knowledge. Observing the many shortcomings of discovery workflows in the course of COVID-19 confirms that discoverability itself is in crisis. In this article, we analyze the discoverability crisis and its root causes. We introduce open discovery infrastructure as a promising approach for the development of innovative discovery solutions. We present several efforts based on open discovery infrastructure that have emerged to provide better discovery of coronavirus research and discuss what is still needed to overcome the discoverability crisis.
Cognitive test anxiety in high-stakes oral examinations: Face-to-face or computer-based?
Authors: Andujar Alberto , Cruz-Martínez Maria Soledad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present investigation explores Cognitive Test Anxiety (CTA) in a high-stake oral examination, taking into consideration how face-to-face and computer-based examination formats affect test-takers’ anxiety and consequently language performance. Two speaking tests – face-to-face and computer-based – were developed for a Spanish university’s ACLES B1 accreditation exam taken by 176 candidates. The Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale Revised (CTAS-2) and a structured interview were used to measure students’ anxiety as well as to observe students’ perceptions, individual behaviour, and how contextual characteristics and emotions have an effect on language test anxiety. Results indicated a moderate to high cognitive test anxiety on the part of participants and differences between the two contexts were found. Factors such as the absence of an examiner or not feeling observed or judged during the speaking test performance were found to be aspects that lowered test-takers’ anxiety levels.
Performance analysis and comparison of methyl-modified Al2O3/SiO2 xerogels fabricated by two methods
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Xi , Zhao Yamei , Mu Ruihua , Li Bo , Hou Haiyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two methyl-modified Al2O3/SiO2 xerogels, i. e. AIP-Al2O3/MSiO2 and ANN-Al2O3/MSiO2 xerogels, were prepared using aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate as the aluminum precursors, respectively. The appearance, density, viscosity, Gibbs activation energy for viscous flow and reaction rate constant of the sols were analyzed and compared. Their microstructures were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. The results show that the Al–O–Si bond is formed in the AIP-Al2O3/MSiO2 and ANN-Al2O3/MSiO2 xerogels. The ANN-Al2O3/MSiO2 sol has a smaller mean particle size and greater sol stability than the AIP-Al2O3/MSiO2 sol. Meanwhile, the ANN-Al2O3/MSiO2 xerogel has a smaller pore size and higher porosity. The total pore volume and specific surface area of the ANN-Al2O3/MSiO2 xerogel are 27.27% and 29.36% larger than those of the AIP-Al2O3/ MSiO2 sample, respectively. The saturated adsorption capacity of the ANN-Al2O3/MSiO2 xerogel to methylene blue is 7.15% larger than that of the AIP-Al2O3/MSiO2 xerogel.