Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Angelica Polysaccharide (APS) on Cryopreservation of Platelets
Authors: Yang Mo , Su Weiqing , Yang Liuming , Kong Huimin , Wei Huiling , Sun Honghua , Chong Beng H , Li Liang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Angelica Polysaccharide (APS) is from the root of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui). Danggui has been used for centuries to treat blood-deficiency related diseases. The hematopoietic effect of Danggui may be related to its constituent, polysaccharide. The effects of angelica polysaccharide on cryopreservation of platelets and megakaryocytes have not been well studied. This study focused on anti-apoptotic effect of APS and TPO on cryopreservation of platelets and megakaryocytes and provided new methods for prolonging the preservation time of platelets in vitro.
Methods: The expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein CD41 and CD61, as well as the platelet apoptotic rate, Caspase 3 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry; the anti-apoptotic mechanism of APS by PI3K /AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot assay. CFU assays were used to determine the effects of APS on megakaryocytic progenitor cells. Analyses of Annexin V, Caspase-3, and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential were conducted in megakaryocytic cell line M-07e. The effects of APS on cells treated with Ly294002, PI3K inhibitor and the effect of APS on the p-AKT were also studied.
Results: The platelets were divided into 4 group: control group (4 ℃ stored platelets), APS group (APS-treated platelets stored at 4 ℃), LY294002 group (LY294002-treated platelets stored at 4 ℃) and LY294002+APS group (LY294002+APS treated platelets stored at 4 ℃). The apoptotic rate of platelets in LY294002 group was obviously increased. Compared with control group, the expression of CD41 and CD61 gradually decreased along with the enhancement of LY294002 concentrations (r=-0.953). The apoptotic rate of platelets in LY294002 group was enhanced significantly (P&lt;0.05). While in LY294002+APS group, the apoptotic rate of platelets was significantly reduced (P&lt;0.05) as compare with LY294002 group, which suggest that APS has an anti-apoptotic effect on the cryopreserved platelets. APS decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and inhibited the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by LY294002. Moreover, APS increased the activation of PI3K /AKT pathway in Platelets . We further analyzed the in vitro effect of APS on CFU-MK formation. APS (50 ug/ml) enhanced TPO (50 ng/ml) -induced CFU-MK formation (p=0.06, n=4). APS also significantly enhanced PDGF, bFGF and VEGF-induced CFU-MK formation (n=4). Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of APS in M-07e cells was also demonstrated by Annexin-V, Caspase-3, and JC-1 assays. Adding LY294002 alone increased the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. However, additional of APS to LY294002-treated cells reversed the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, addition of APS significantly increased the p-AKT.
Conclusion: APS, like TPO, has an anti-apoptotic effect on the cryopreserved platelets and megakaryocytes through activating PI3K/AKT, decreasing the expression of Caspase-3 and inhibiting the reduction of MMP.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.