bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Prediction in Women With Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Goldenberg Ilan , Bos J. Martijn , Yoruk Ayhan , Chen Anita Y. , Lopes Coeli , Huang David T. , Kutyifa Valentina , Younis Arwa , Aktas Mehmet K. , Z. Rosero Spencer , McNitt Scott , Sotoodehnia Nona , Kudenchuk Peter J. , Rea Thomas D. , Arking Dan E. , Scott Christopher G. , Briske Kaylie A. , Sorensen Katrina , J. Ackerman Michael , Zareba Wojciech 
Published: July 2021

Background
We aimed to provide personalized risk estimates for cardiac events (CEs) and life‐threatening events in women with either type 1 or type 2 long QT.

Methods and Results
The prognostic model was derived from the Rochester Long QT Syndrome Registry, comprising 767 women with type 1 long QT (n=404) and type 2 long QT (n=363) from age 15 through 60 years. The risk prediction model included the following variables: genotype/mutation location, QTc‐specific thresholds, history of syncope, and β‐blocker therapy. A model was developed with the end point of CEs (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or long QT syndrome–related sudden cardiac death), and was applied with the end point of life‐threatening events (aborted cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death, or appropriate defibrillator shocks). External validation was performed with data from the Mayo Clinic Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic (N=467; type 1 long QT [n=286] and type 2 long QT [n=181]). The cumulative follow‐up duration among the 767 enrolled women was 22 243 patient‐years, during which 323 patients (42%) experienced ≥1 CE. Based on genotype‐phenotype data, we identified 3 risk groups with 10‐year projected rates of CEs ranging from 15%, 29%, to 51%. The corresponding 10‐year projected rates of life‐threatening events were 2%, 5%, and 14%. C statistics for the prediction model for the 2 respective end points were 0.68 (95% CI 0.65–0.71) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.66–0.76). Corresponding C statistics for the model in the external validation Mayo Clinic cohort were 0.65 (95% CI 0.60–0.70) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.70–0.84).

Conclusions
This is the first risk prediction model that provides absolute risk estimates for CEs and life‐threatening events in women with type 1 or type 2 long QT based on personalized genotype‐phenotype data. The projected risk estimates can be used to guide female‐specific management in long QT syndrome.
Navigating Internationalism from Buenos Aires: The Centro de Arte y Comunicación
Authors: Spencer Catherine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article maps the complex socio-political terrain negotiated by the Centro de Arte y Comunicación (CAYC) during the early 1970s from Buenos Aires. It shows how the CAYC attempted to continue the internationalising aims which the Instituto Torcuato Di Tella had pursued in the 1960s, while also providing a space for the exhibition and development of Conceptualism that engaged with political conditions in Argentina and in other countries including Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Columbia, developing the framework of “systems art” in order to do so. The compromises necessitated by CAYC's balancing act opened the organisation, and in particular its director Jorge Glusberg, to accusations of cultural imperialism and complicity: from almost the very beginning, the CAYC project was characterised by dissensus and disagreement. The controversy generated by CAYC – documented in archives, publications and exhibition catalogues – now offers a rich historiographical resource for Latin American art, revealing how competing models of internationalism and Conceptualism were closely intertwined rather than diametrically opposed.
Climate Change and the Human Right to Water
Authors: Szwedo Piotr 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
‘Climate action’ and ‘Clean water and sanitation’ are two interconnected Sustainable Development Goals (6 & 13). Climate change has negative effects on all aspects of the human right to water: water’s availability, quality, accessibility, affordability and acceptability. Fulfilment of Sustainable Development Goals is measured by Indicators elaborated by different kind of organs and institutions. Indicators pertains to different factors and may lead to normative consequences. As instruments of global governance they require more transparency and participation in order to foster legitimacy and effectiveness Goals’ achievement. Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are examples of “governance by indicators”. The main content of reports is data syntheses of various factors influencing climate evolution. However, they contain “summaries for policymakers” of unequivocally normative character based on the interpretation and generalisation of data analysis. Explanation of climatological analyses, convincing theory of probability is required in order to gain stronger civil societies’ conviction for more dynamic action.
Utilising a WeChat intervention to improve HIV and AIDS education among college students in China
Authors: Zha Peijia , Mahat Ganga , Qureshi Rubab , Zhao Liang , Shen Qu , Chao Ying-Yu , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate a WeChat-based HIV and AIDS educational intervention to enhance knowledge, improve attitudes and reduce stigma among college students in China. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Public research university in China. Method: A total of 111 college students were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group received an enhanced HIV and AIDS education course delivered via WeChat for 8 weeks. Independent-samples t-tests were used to analyse changes in HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and stigma. Results: Findings showed that both HIV- and AIDS-related knowledge ( p < .001) and attitudes ( p < .001) significantly changed in the intervention group. The intervention group also demonstrated lower stigma scores on ‘moral judgment’ ( p < .001), ‘personal stigma’ ( p = .01), ‘perceived community stigma’ ( p < .001) and the ‘total stigma scale’ ( p < .001). Conclusion: Results show that college students in China may benefit from a technology-based intervention which could potentially be integrated into routine HIV education for college students.
Hearing Outcomes in Stickler Syndrome: Variation Due to COL2A1 and COL11A1
Authors: Bath Fadlullah , Swanson Dan , Zavala Hanan , Chinnadurai Siva , Roby Brianne B. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Stickler syndrome (SS) is a heterogeneous inherited connective tissue disorder, often due to a mutation in COL2A1 or COL11A1. Mutations in these genes cause collagen abnormalities affecting ocular, auditory, orofacial, and skeletal systems, including hearing loss, micrognathia, and cleft palate. Understanding the variability of hearing phenotypes based on genetic mutation has a significant impact on treatment and long-term care. Design: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SS between January 2003 and December 2018 at a tertiary pediatric hospital was performed. Patients were excluded if they did not have genetic evaluation, craniofacial/ear, nose, and throat evaluation, and/or audiologic testing. Charts were reviewed for the following information: age, race, sex, SS diagnosis, genetic variant of SS, and audiological testing data. Results: There were 29 confirmed patients with SS who met criteria, 16 with type I ( COL2A1) and 13 with type II ( COL11A1). Of the 13 patients with type II, 12 (92%) demonstrated hearing loss, ranging in severity from mild to severe. In type I, 25% of patients had mild or resolved hearing loss. Conclusion: Results suggest that patients with type II SS are more likely to have congenital hearing loss than type I. Data also suggest that the COL11A1 mutation shows consistently more severe hearing loss than the COL2A1 mutation.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): A useful diagnostic tool for childhood conjunctival melanoma
Authors: María Moral Raquel , Monteagudo Carlos , Muriel Javier , Moreno Lucía , María Peiró Ana 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma is extremely rare in children and has low rates of resolution. Definitive histopathological diagnosis based exclusively on microscopic findings is sometimes difficult. Thus, early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Clinical case: We present the first case in which the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) diagnostic technique was applied to a 10-year-old boy initially suspected of having amelanotic nevi in his right eye. Based on the 65% of tumor cells with 11q13 (CCND1) copy number gain and 33% with 6p25 (RREB1) gain as measured by the FISH analysis, and on supporting histopathological findings, the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma could be made. Following a larger re-excision, adjuvant therapy with Mitomycin C (MMC), cryotherapy and an amniotic membrane graft, the patient has remained disease-free during 9 years of long-term follow-up. Case discussion: Every ophthalmologist should remember to consider and not forget the possibility of using FISH analyses during the differential diagnosis of any suspicious conjunctival lesions. Genetic techniques, such as FISH, have led to great advances in the classification of ambiguous lesions. Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing conjunctival melanoma in the pediatric population are needed to determine the most appropriate strategy for this age group.
Minimally Invasive Tubular Lumbar Discectomy Versus Conventional Open Lumbar Discectomy: An Observational Study From the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network
Authors: Evaniew Nathan , Bogle Andrew , Soroceanu Alex , Jacobs W. Bradley , Cho Roger , Fisher Charles G. , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Weber Michael H. , Finkelstein Joel A. , Attabib Najmedden , Kelly Adrienne , Stratton Alexandra , Bailey Christopher S , Paquet Jerome , Johnson Michael , Manson Neil A. , Hall Hamilton , McIntosh Greg , Thomas Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2021

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: We evaluated the effectiveness of minimally invasive (MIS) tubular discectomy in comparison to conventional open surgery among patients enrolled in the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network (CSORN). Methods: We performed an observational analysis of data that was prospectively collected. We implemented Minimum Clinically Important Differences (MCIDs), and we adjusted for potential confounders with multiple logistic regression. Adverse events were collected according to the Spinal Adverse Events Severity (SAVES) protocol. Results: Three hundred thirty-nine (62%) patients underwent MIS tubular discectomy and 211 (38%) underwent conventional open discectomy. There were no significant differences between groups for improvement of leg pain and disability, but the MIS technique was associated with reduced odds of achieving the MCID for back pain (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99, P < 0.05). We identified statistically significant differences in favor of MIS for each of operating time (MIS mean (SD) 72.2 minutes (30.0) vs open 93.5 (40.9)), estimated blood loss (MIS 37.9 mL (36.7) vs open 76.8 (71.4)), length of stay in hospital (MIS 73% same-day discharge vs open 40%), rates of incidental durotomy (MIS 4% vs open 8%), and wound-related complications (MIS 3% vs open 9%); but not for overall rates of reoperation. Conclusions: Open and MIS techniques yielded similar improvements of leg pain and disability at up to 12 months of follow-up, but MIS patients were less likely to experience improvement of associated back pain. Small differences favored MIS for operating time, blood loss, and adverse events but may have limited clinical importance.
Policies, Laws and Schemes Supporting Foster Care and Adoption in South Asia
Authors: Saxena Ratna , Bhardwaj Bhavyaa 
Published: July 2021

Families are the natural environment for children to grow. Children have the right to be cared for by their parents; parents have a responsibility to provide for their children’s upbringing and development. States have the responsibility to provide special protection and assistance to millions of children in South Asia who no longer have families, who have become separated from their families, or whose families represent a serious danger to their health or development. There is a spectrum of services available to children whose parents no longer provide adequate care, known as Out of Home Care or Alternate Care. There are growing concerns about the situation of children outside parental care and the provision of suitable alternatives in South Asia. These children often find themselves at a high risk of violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect, and their well-being is often insufficiently monitored. An inadequate care environment can impair a child’s emotional and social development, and leave children extremely vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, including sexual abuse and physical violence. Across the South Asian region, the combined impacts of widespread poverty, prolonged armed conflict, frequent natural disasters and the spread of COVID-19 is exerting extreme pressure on families and communities, as well as on the limited social services available to support them. The present article aims to study the various policies, laws & schemes supporting two forms of alternate care, namely, foster care & adoption in South Asia, identify the gaps in the implementation and make certain recommendations.
Sensor-based fall risk assessment in older adults with or without cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Bezold Jelena , Krell-Roesch Janina , Eckert Tobias , Jekauc Darko , Woll Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Higher age and cognitive impairment are associated with a higher risk of falling. Wearable sensor technology may be useful in objectively assessing motor fall risk factors to improve physical exercise interventions for fall prevention. This systematic review aims at providing an updated overview of the current research on wearable sensors for fall risk assessment in older adults with or without cognitive impairment. Therefore, we addressed two specific research questions: 1) Can wearable sensors provide accurate data on motor performance that may be used to assess risk of falling, e.g., by distinguishing between faller and non-faller in a sample of older adults with or without cognitive impairment?; and 2) Which practical recommendations can be given for the application of sensor-based fall risk assessment in individuals with CI? A systematic literature search (July 2019, update July 2020) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Community-based studies or studies conducted in a geriatric setting that examine fall risk factors in older adults (aged ≥60 years) with or without cognitive impairment were included. Predefined inclusion criteria yielded 16 cross-sectional, 10 prospective and 2 studies with a mixed design.

Results
Overall, sensor-based data was mainly collected during walking tests in a lab setting. The main sensor location was the lower back to provide wearing comfort and avoid disturbance of participants. The most accurate fall risk classification model included data from sit-to-walk and walk-to-sit transitions collected over three days of daily life (mean accuracy = 88.0%). Nine out of 28 included studies revealed information about sensor use in older adults with possible cognitive impairment, but classification models performed slightly worse than those for older adults without cognitive impairment (mean accuracy = 79.0%).

Conclusion
Fall risk assessment using wearable sensors is feasible in older adults regardless of their cognitive status. Accuracy may vary depending on sensor location, sensor attachment and type of assessment chosen for the recording of sensor data. More research on the use of sensors for objective fall risk assessment in older adults is needed, particularly in older adults with cognitive impairment.

Trial registration
This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020171118).
Dual species dynamic transcripts reveal the interaction mechanisms between Chrysanthemum morifolium and Alternaria alternata
Authors: Liu Lina , Chen Fadi , Chen Sumei , Fang Weimin , Liu Ye , Guan Zhiyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) black spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the plant’s most destructive diseases. Dual RNA-seq was performed to simultaneously assess their transcriptomes to analyze the potential interaction mechanism between the two species, i.e., host and pathogen.

Results
C. morifolium and A. alternata were subjected to dual RNA-seq at 1, 12, and 24 h after inoculation, and differential expression genes (DEGs) in both species were identified. This analysis confirmed 153,532 DEGs in chrysanthemum and 14,932 DEGs in A. alternata, which were involved in plant-fungal interactions and phytohormone signaling. Fungal DEGs such as toxin synthesis related enzyme and cell wall degrading enzyme genes played important roles during chrysanthemum infection. Moreover, a series of key genes highly correlated with the early, middle, or late infection stage were identified, together with the regulatory network of key genes annotated in the Plant Resistance Genes database (PRGdb) or Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base). Highly correlated genes were identified at the late infection stage, expanding our understanding of the interplay between C. morifolium and A. alternata. Additionally, six DEGs each from chrysanthemum and A. alternata were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays to validate the RNA-seq output.

Conclusions
Collectively, data obtained in this study enriches the resources available for research into the interactions that exist between chrysanthemum and A. alternata, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of new chrysanthemum cultivars with resistance to pathogen.
A machine learning approach for accurate and real-time DNA sequence identification
Authors: Wang Yiren , Alangari Mashari , Hihath Joshua , Das Arindam K. , Anantram M. P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The all-electronic Single Molecule Break Junction (SMBJ) method is an emerging alternative to traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for genetic sequencing and identification. Existing work indicates that the current spectra recorded from SMBJ experimentations contain unique signatures to identify known sequences from a dataset. However, the spectra are typically extremely noisy due to the stochastic and complex interactions between the substrate, sample, environment, and the measuring system, necessitating hundreds or thousands of experimentations to obtain reliable and accurate results.

Results
This article presents a DNA sequence identification system based on the current spectra of ten short strand sequences, including a pair that differs by a single mismatch. By employing a gradient boosted tree classifier model trained on conductance histograms, we demonstrate that extremely high accuracy, ranging from approximately 96 % for molecules differing by a single mismatch to 99.5 % otherwise, is possible. Further, such accuracy metrics are achievable in near real-time with just twenty or thirty SMBJ measurements instead of hundreds or thousands. We also demonstrate that a tandem classifier architecture, where the first stage is a multiclass classifier and the second stage is a binary classifier, can be employed to boost the single mismatched pair’s identification accuracy to 99.5 %.

Conclusions
A monolithic classifier, or more generally, a multistage classifier with model specific parameters that depend on experimental current spectra can be used to successfully identify DNA strands.
Transmitted drug resistance to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Shenyang city, Northeast China from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Bin , An Minghui , Song Wei , Dong Xue , Li Xin , Wang Lu , Wang Lin , Tian Wen , Ding Haibo , Han Xiaoxu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), using as pre-exposure prophylaxis, among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected residents in Shenyang city, northeast China.

Methods
Demographic and epidemiological information of all newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected residents in Shenyang city from 2016 to 2018 were anonymously collected from the local HIV epidemic database. HIV-1 pol sequences were amplified from RNA in cryopreserved plasma samples and sequenced directly. Viral subtypes were inferred with phylogenetic analysis and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were determined according to the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Recent HIV infection was determined with HIV Limiting Antigen avidity electro immunoassay.

Results
A total of 2176 sequences (92.4%, 2176/2354) were obtained; 70.9% (1536/2167) were CRF01_AE, followed by CRF07_BC (18.0%, 391/2167), subtype B (4.7%, 102/2167), other subtypes (2.6%, 56/2167), and unique recombinant forms (3.8%, 82/2167). The prevalence of TDR was 4.9% (107/2167), among which, only 0.6% (13/2167) was resistance to TDF/FTC. Most of these subjects had CRF01_AE strains (76.9%, 10/13), were unmarried (76.9%, 10/13), infected through homosexual contact (92.3%, 12/13), and over 30 years old (median age: 33). The TDF/FTC DRMs included K65R (8/13), M184I/V (5/13), and Y115F (2/13). Recent HIV infection accounted for only 23.1% (3/13). Most cases were sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, except two CRF01_AE sequences with K65R (Bootstrap value: 99%).

Conclusions
The prevalence of TDR to TDF/FTC is low among newly diagnosed HIV-infected cases in Shenyang, suggesting that TDR may have little impact on the protective effect of the ongoing CROPrEP project in Shenyang city.
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for aortic vascular graft infection; a five-year retrospective evaluation
Authors: Allen Niamh , Adam Mohamed , O’Regan Grace , Seery Aoife , McNally Cora , McConkey Samuel , Brown Aisling , de Barra Eoghan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
An estimated 1% of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) devices become infected, carrying a high mortality rate. Surgical explantation is recommended and prognosis is guarded. This retrospective cohort analysis focuses on the role of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in the management of aortic vascular graft infections following EVAR.

Methods
Patients who received OPAT for aortic graft infections (AGI) following EVAR from 2014 to 2018 inclusive were identified using the OPAT database. Clinical, microbiological and radiological data were collected. Survivors were followed up for a median of 36 months (range 25–60) after first presentation with infection. Outcomes were assessed.

Results
Eleven cases with 20 OPAT episodes were identified: 10/11 male, median age 76 (IQR 71–81). Median time to presentation was 7 months (range 0–81 months) after EVAR. OPAT lead to a 55% reduction in length of hospital stay. One patient had graft explantation; four others had temporising measures. Eight of 11 were alive a median of 36 months after presentation with infection, having had a median of 2 re-treatments on OPAT (range 1–3). Seven of the eight survivors were on continuous suppressive oral antimicrobials; three were also intermittently on intravenous antibiotics for flares of infection. Patient/ infection outcomes were cure (1/11), improved (7/11), failure (3/11).

Conclusion
AGI following EVAR usually presents in the first year after graft deployment. OPAT has an important peri-operative role in patients suitable for curative surgery. OPAT followed by oral suppressive antimicrobial therapy can be a feasible long-term treatment for non-curative management of AGI. Survival in our cohort was longer than expected, and OPAT was feasible despite the complexity of these infections. OPAT can avoid multiple and lengthy hospital admissions and maximise time at home and quality of life in this cohort with life-limiting infection.