bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Skeletal Maturity, BMI Percentile and Dental Caries Experience among Taster and Non-taster Children
Authors: Kulkarni Vinaya Kumar , Gavade Shradhda S. , Padmawar Neeta , Shetty Shridhar , Joshi Sourabh 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Ability of an individual to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) substance divides the population in tasters and non-tasters. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the taste ability for PTC substance with BMI percentile, skeletal maturity and dental caries experience within taster and non-taster children of age 8-12 years.
Hypotheses: Tasting ability for PTC affects the BMI percentile, skeletal maturity and dental caries experience and emerge as a useful caries risk assessment tool.
Evaluation of Hypotheses (Materials and Method): One hundred children of 8-12 years were randomly selected and their taste perception was assessed using PTC sensitivity test. Radiovisiography (RVG) of middle phalanx was obtained to determine the skeletal maturity by using Rajgopal and Kansal modification 2005. Anthropometric measurements were recorded to obtain BMI value and then BMI percentile was calculated using CDC Pediatric growth charts. For dental caries assessment, deft/DMFT scores were recorded.
Results: The non-tasters had early skeletal maturation, higher caries experience and higher BMI percentile than the tasters.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: PTC Sensitivity is a genetically controlled trait showing strong association with dental caries. From the results of this study we can conclude that the genetic ability of tasting PTC affects the BMI percentile, skeletal maturity and dental caries experience. Thus it can emerge as a useful caries risk assessment tool helping in planning the preventive measures and interceptive orthodontics in children.
Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercises on Muscle Cramps among Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Anbu K. , Rathiga A. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease is the vital and non-communicable disease epidemic that affects the world population including India. Muscle cramps are a common complication of haemodialysis treatments and they often result in the early termination of the session, it is an important priority to provide timely intervention to improve their muscle cramps of haemodialysis patients.
Materials and Methods: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercises on muscle cramps among patients on haemodialysis. Time series quasi experimental design was conducted in dialysis unit of Chettinad Super Specialty Hospital, Kelambakkam at Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India.Total sample of 138 belong to 30 to 60 years were selected with the use of purposive sampling technique as per the statistical calculation and equally allocated to control 69 samples and to Study group 69. The structured questionnaire are demographic, Clinical variables & Modified cramps questionnaire chart was used to assess the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercises on level of muscle cramps.
Results: The study findings concluded that in pre test 41(59.4 %) of the patients in study group and 38(55.1 %) of the patients in control group had mild muscle cramps whereas in post test 4(5.8 %) of the patients in study group had severe muscle cramps and 16 (23.2 %) of the patients in control group had severe muscle cramps. While comparing the post test mean value of control group 2.652±0.854 the study group mean value was 2.101±0.769 was significantly reduced with‘t’ value of 10.185 at p ≤ 0.000. Therefore the Research hypothesis H1 was retained. Hence there was no significant association between the test scores on intensity of muscle cramps among patients undergoing haemodialysis with selected demographic and clinical variables of group 2 (study) at P ≤ 0.000 level. Therefore the Research hypothesis H2 was rejected.The majority finding of the study results that in pre test 32 (46.4 %) of the patients were in mild muscle cramps in post test 1.More than half of the patients 30 (43.5 %) of moderate muscle cramps in post test 2. And majority 40 (58 %) of the patients in moderate muscle cramps in post test 3.The effect of intradialytic stretching exercises in reducing the level of muscle cramps during haemodialysis.
Conclusion: Intradialytic stretching exercises is an effective method which can be used as a preventive therapy in the treatment of muscle cramps.
Operation strategy for engineered natural ventilation using machine learning under sparse data conditions
Authors: Hiyama Kyosuke , Takeuchi Kenichiro , Omodaka Yuichi , Srisamranrungruang Thanyalak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is a useful technique for improving building operations. However, if data can only be obtained from a target building, the data shortage will limit the use of general ML models. To overcome this issue, simplified targets and limited numbers of feature variables are required. In building engineering, building physics can be used to promote ML implementations. In this paper, a case study targeting the operation of engineered natural ventilation is performed based on energy simulations. The target issue is simplified to select the preferable opening pattern, full or half open, throughout the day. Two models using two or three feature variable types are compared. The ML method can effectively predict the correct operation scheme, even in the first year of use. The correct answer rate in the case of three variable types increases from 83% to 95% in the second year, although no significant improvement is observed in the case with two variable types. The results imply the strategy of creating a simplified model first and improving the model following data acquisition works for ML model implementation in building operations.
A Programmable Dual‐Regime Spray for Large‐Scale and Custom‐Designed Electronic Textiles
Authors: Chang Taehoo , Akin Semih , Kim Min Ku , Murray Laura , Kim Bongjoong , Cho Seungse , Huh Sena , Teke Sengul , Couetil Laurent , Jun Martin Byung‐Guk , Lee Chi Hwan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing demand for wearable healthcare synergistically advances the field of electronic textiles, or e‐textiles, allowing for ambulatory monitoring of vital health signals. Despite great promise, the pragmatic deployment of e‐textiles in clinical practice remains challenged due to the lack of a method in producing custom‐designed e‐textiles at high spatial resolution across a large area. To this end, a programmable dual‐regime spray that enables the direct custom writing of functional nanoparticles into arbitrary fabrics at sub‐millimeter resolution over meter scale is employed. The resulting e‐textiles retain the intrinsic fabric properties in terms of mechanical flexibility, water‐vapor permeability, and comfort against multiple uses and laundry cycles. The e‐textiles tightly fit various body sizes and shapes to support the high‐fidelity recording of physiological and electrophysiological signals on the skin under ambulatory conditions. Pilot field tests in a remote health‐monitoring setting with a large animal, such as a horse, demonstrate the scalability and utility of the e‐textiles beyond conventional devices. This approach will be suitable for the rapid prototyping of custom e‐textiles tailored to meet various clinical needs.
A PF6−‐Permselective Polymer Electrolyte with Anion Solvation Regulation Enabling Long‐Cycle Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Jiang Hongzhu , Han Xiaoqi , Du Xiaofan , Chen Zheng , Lu Chenglong , Li Xintong , Zhang Huanrui , Zhao Jingwen , Han Pengxian , Cui Guanglei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGraphitic carbon that allows reversible anion (de)intercalation is a promising cathode material for cost‐efficient and high‐voltage dual‐ion batteries (DIBs). However, one notorious but overlooked issue is the incomplete interfacial anion desolvation, which not only reduces the oxidative stability of electrolytes, but also results in solvent co‐intercalation into graphite layers. Here, an “anion‐permselective” polymer electrolyte with abundant cationic quaternary ammonium motif is developed to weaken the PF6−–solvent interaction and thus facilitates PF6− desolvation. This strategy significantly inhibits solvent co‐intercalation as well as enhances the oxidation resistance of electrolyte, ensuring the structural integrity of graphite. As a result, the as‐assembled graphite||Li cell achieves a superior cyclability with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.0% (vs 95.7% for baseline electrolyte) and 87.1% capacity retention after 2000 cycles even at a high cutoff potential of 5.4 V versus Li+/Li. Besides, this polymer also forms a robust cathode electrolyte interface, working together to enable a long‐life DIB. This strategy of tuning anion coordination environment provides a promising solution to regulate solvent co‐intercalation chemistry for DIBs.
Color Discrimination in Color Vision Deficiency: Photon‐Assisted Piezoelectric IGZO Color‐Tactile Sensors with P(VDF‐TrFE)/Metal‐Decorated TiO2‐Nanofibers Nanocomposites
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Pei , Wu Ming‐Chung , Lin Ting‐Han , Chang Yin‐Hsuan , Wang Jer‐Chyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccording to the Colour Blind Awareness organization's report, color vision deficiency, including color blindness and partial tritanopia, affects ≈300 million people worldwide. However, those affected can only improve their color vision deficiency by color light training and stimulation therapies or through contact lenses to correct vision with limited effectiveness. Herein, the photon‐assisted piezoelectric indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) color‐tactile sensors coated with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) copolymers blended with metal‐decorated TiO2‐nanofibers (NFs) have been investigated to boost the piezoelectric response at tunable wavelengths of light. Prior to the device fabrication, material analysis is performed to confirm the blending of metal‐decorated TiO2‐NFs in P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymers and the absorption of the three primary colors of light. By optimizing the blending percentage, the ferroelectric behaviors of the nanocomposites are significantly improved owing to the enhanced crystallinity of the β‐phase. With the illumination of red, green, and blue lights, the photons are effectively absorbed by Ag‐, Au‐, and Y‐decorated TiO2‐NFs, respectively. These absorptions generate electron–hole pairs via localized surface plasmon resonance for the enhanced piezoelectric response of IGZO color‐tactile sensors, allowing people with deficient color vision to perceive different light colors by a touch motion.
Identifying an Alternative Hydride Transfer Pathway for CO2 Reduction on CdTe(111) and CuInS2(112) Surfaces
Authors: Li Lesheng , Martirez John Mark P. , Carter Emily A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo ascertain if CdTe(111) and CuInS2(112) photoelectrodes exhibit the same carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction mechanism as found for GaP, with adsorbed 2‐pyridinide (2‐PyH–*) as active intermediate, the feasibility of 2‐PyH–* formation on these surfaces must be assessed. Via density functional theory, we conclude that although thermodynamically possible, 2‐PyH−* formation on CdTe(111) or CuInS2(112) is hindered kinetically. A different CO2 reduction pathway, distinct from GaP's mechanism, must be operative. We predict that surface hydride (H−*) readily forms on CdTe(111) and CuInS2(112) and direct surface hydride transfer (HT) to CO2 dominates over transfer to adsorbed pyridine (Py*). Direct HT to CO2 has a large thermodynamic driving force and zero activation barrier on both surfaces. This reaction becomes slightly more spontaneous with adjacent Py* on both surfaces, rationalizing experiments where Py slightly enhances CO2 reduction on CdTe and CuInS2. We thus conclude, Py is largely a spectator in CO2 reduction on these electrodes, unlike its key role as hydride shuttle on GaP. HT from H−* to CO2 also competes effectively with hydrogen evolution on these two surfaces, explaining the observed selectivity for CO2 reduction over hydrogen evolution. Finally, formic acid readily adsorbs on CuInS2(112), which may facilitate the observed methanol formation.
Predicting poverty with vegetation index
Authors: Tang Binh , Liu Yanyan , Matteson David S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate and timely predictions of the poverty status of communities in developing countries are critical to policymakers. Previous work has applied convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to high‐resolution satellite imagery to perform community‐level poverty prediction. Although promising, such imagery has limitations in predicting poverty among poor communities. We provide the first evidence that a publicly available, moderate‐resolution vegetation index (the normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]), can be used with CNNs to produce accurate poverty predictions contemporaneously among poor communities heavily dependent on agriculture. We also show that the NDVI can effectively detect consumption variation over time. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use remote sensing data to predict future‐period consumption expenditure at the community level.
Growth in Joubert syndrome: Growth curves and physical measurements with correlation to genotype and hepatorenal disease in 170 individuals
Authors: Knoll Jasmine , Altintas Burak , Gahl William A. , Parisi Melissa , Gunay‐Aygun Meral 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogenous disorder of nonmotile cilia with a characteristic “molar tooth sign” on axial brain imaging. Clinical features can include developmental delay, kidney failure, liver disease, and retinal dystrophy. Prospective growth and measurement data on 170 individuals with JS were collected, including parental measurements, birth measurements, and serial measures when available. Analysis of growth parameters in the context of hepatorenal disease, genotype, and other features was performed on 100 individuals assessed at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Individuals with JS had shorter stature despite normal growth velocity and were shorter than predicted for mid‐parental height. Individuals were lighter in weight, resulting in a normal body mass index (BMI). Head circumference was larger, averaging 1.9 Z‐scores above height. At birth, head circumference was proportional to length. Individuals with variants in CPLANE1 had a larger head circumference compared to other genotypes; individuals with evidence of liver disease had lower weight and BMI; and individuals with polydactyly had shorter height. Here we present growth curves and physical measurements for Joubert syndrome based on the largest collection of individuals with this disorder to aid in clinical management and diagnosis.
Correlates of hormonal modulation in mantled howler monkey males,Alouatta palliata
Authors: Dias Pedro Américo D. , Coyohua‐Fuentes Alejandro , Chavira‐Ramírez David Roberto , Canales‐Espinosa Domingo , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe study of hormone modulation may offer important insight into the responses of individuals to environmental challenges. Here we studied C‐peptide, thyroid hormone (T3), glucocorticoid (GC), and testosterone (T) metabolites of mantled howler males to assess: 1) correlations among hormones; 2) individual and temporal variation in hormone concentrations; and 3) the influence of ecological, climatic, behavioral, social, and reproductive factors on hormone variation.MethodsWe studied 10 adult males at La Flor de Catemaco (Mexico) from January 2012 to December 2016. We collected information on food availability; ambient temperature; time budgets; male involvement in mating, agonistic interactions, and interactions with extragroup males. We analyzed C‐peptide concentrations in urine samples and T3, GC, and T in fecal samples.ResultsC‐peptide was negatively correlated with other hormones, whereas T3, GC, and T were positively related. Hormonal variation was unrelated to individual or yearly differences. Food availability was positively related to C‐peptide and T3, and negatively related to GC. Involvement in mating was positively related to T3 and T, whereas the rate agonistic interactions was positively related to GC and T. The rate of interactions with extragroup males was positively related to T. When males mated, the increase in C‐peptide and the decrease in GC with increasing food availability were less notable.ConclusionsHormonal variation in mantled howler monkey males is generally stable, but it is influenced by several factors. Our results offer a broad picture of the hormonal modulation of mantled howler monkey males in response to diverse challenges.
Accurate Parity Meter Based on Coherent State Measurement
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zheng Ri‐Hua , Liu Yang , Kang Yi‐Hao , Song Jie , Xia Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParity meter is the core step of many quantum information works. In this paper, a robust and accurate protocol to construct a parity meter of two artificial atoms coupled to a cavity is proposed. Specifically, when the atomic system is in states with different parities, the cavity will evolve into different states. Then, the parity information of the atomic system can be distinguished by measuring the state of the cavity via the homodyne measurement. In addition, the influence of decoherence (including the cavity decay, the atomic spontaneous emission, and the dephasing) and systematic errors are numerically discussed. The results show that the protocol is robust against these negative factors. Therefore, this protocol may provide helpful perspectives for accurate parity meters.
Preparation, properties, and applications of modified polyurethane foam from persimmon tannin powder
Authors: Shen Yongxian , Zhou Hongjun , Guo Qingbing , Hu Hongchao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the persimmon tannin powder modified polyurethane foam (PTP‐PUF) was synthesized. The morphology of the foam was observed by SEM, the thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of PTP‐PUF were discussed for application. The effect of persimmon tannin powder content and initial pH on Cu(II) and Pb(II) biosorption on PTP‐PUF was investigated. The adsorption equilibrium data for Cu(II) and Pb(II) fitted the Freundlich model and Langmuir model well, respectively. And the maximum adsorption capacity of PTP‐PUFs for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions were 96.06 and 112.2 mg/g at pH 5 and 323 K. The kinetic data was tested using pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models. The results suggested that the pseudo‐second‐order model was the best one to describe the adsorption behavior of Cu(II) (R2 > 0.997) and Pb(II) (R2 > 0.985) onto PTP‐PUF.
Investigation of the chemical changes during the thermal treatment of acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate‐polymer (polyacrylonitrile‐precursor) focusing on the fate of the methyl acrylate moiety
Authors: Ruhland Klaus , Horny Robert , Wanzel Andrea , Reisach Sebastian , Nizamutdinova Alina , Kirchhain Holger , Rehfuss Ulrich , van Wüllen Leo , Fischer Andreas , Scheliga Felix , Hübner Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeventeen samples of acrylonitrile (AN)‐co‐methyl acrylate (MA)‐polymer (MA content 0–11 mol%) are examined. Several selective isotopic labelings are employed (d1‐MA, d2‐MA, 13CO‐MA, CD3‐MA, d1‐AN, d2‐AN, and 15N‐AN). The thermal treatment under inert atmosphere is investigated to gain insight into the chemical transformation mechanisms concerning the MA sub‐unit. The volatiles are determined by means of evolved gas analysis (EGA) (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] and GC/MS). Methanol is found for the first time as one decisive volatile stemming from the MA sub‐unit, next to water and carbon dioxide. In addition, methylamines are proven to be formed by reaction of ammonia with the MA sub‐unit, while a similar reaction of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) yielding in acetonitrile could be ruled out. Several volatile compounds could even be quantified. The non‐volatile polymeric material is characterized by means of simultaneous thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis), in‐situ‐FTIR spectroscopy and sophisticated solid‐state NMR methods. Selected defined model compounds are synthesized and analyzed for comparison. Detailed reaction mechanisms for the thermal transformation are concluded from the results, pointing in particular to the importance of ammonia for all processes as stoichiometric and/or catalytic reagent.
The high thermal stability of white emitting phosphor Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,La3+/Lu3+ for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Dong Yufei , Tao Chunjing , Li Panlai , Wang Zhijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+ was prepared using a solid‐state method, and the phosphor emitted white light by tuning the ratio of Dy3+/Eu3+. The effects of La3+/Lu3+ on the structure and luminescence properties of Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+ were explored. Under the influence of bond length and twist, the luminescence intensity of the materials increased first and then decreased under excitation with ultraviolet light. The lattice distortion of the trivalent cation La3+‐substituted Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+ and Eu3+ phosphors was reduced, the symmetry of polyhedron occupied by the luminescence centre improved, and the thermal stability of the luminescence centre improved to a certain extent. White light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by combining a 370 nm LED chip and the Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,La3+ (Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,Lu3+) phosphor. The results showed that Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,La3+/Lu3+ may have potential application in the area of white LEDs.
Lipid‐based regulators of immunity
Authors: Johnson Wade T. , Dorn Nicholas C. , Ogbonna Dora A. , Bottini Nunzio , Shah Nisarg J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLipids constitute a diverse class of molecular regulators with ubiquitous physiological roles in sustaining life. These carbon‐rich compounds are primarily sourced from exogenous sources and may be used directly as structural cellular building blocks or as a substrate for generating signaling mediators to regulate cell behavior. In both of these roles, lipids play a key role in both immune activation and suppression, leading to inflammation and resolution, respectively. The simple yet elegant structural properties of lipids encompassing size, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight enable unique biodistribution profiles that facilitate preferential accumulation in target tissues to modulate relevant immune cell subsets. Thus, the structural and functional properties of lipids can be leveraged to generate new materials as pharmacological agents for potently modulating the immune system. Here, we discuss the properties of three classes of lipids: polyunsaturated fatty acids, short‐chain fatty acids, and lipid adjuvants. We describe their immunoregulatory functions in modulating disease pathogenesis in preclinical models and in human clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on harnessing the diverse and potent immune modulating properties of lipids for immunoregulation.