bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Decoding of Meaning
Authors: Schulze H. Georg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThinking machines must be able to use language effectively in communication with humans. It requires from them the ability to generate meaning and transfer this meaning to a communicating partner. Machines must also be able to decode meaning communicated via language. This work is about meaning in the context of building an artificial general intelligent system. It starts with an analysis of the Turing test and some of the main approaches to explain meaning. It then considers the generation of meaning in the human mind and argues that meaning has a dual nature. The quantum component reflects the relationships between objects and the orthogonal quale component the value of these relationships to the self. Both components are necessary, simultaneously, for meaning to exist. This parallel existence permits the formulation of ‘meaning coordinates’ as ordered pairs of quantum and quale strengths. Meaning coordinates represent the contents of meaningful mental states. Spurred by a currently salient meaningful mental state in the speaker, language is used to induce a meaningful mental state in the hearer. Therefore, thinking machines must be able to produce and respond to meaningful mental states in ways similar to their functioning in humans. It is explained how quanta and qualia arise, how they generate meaningful mental states, how these states propagate to produce thought, how they are communicated and interpreted, and how they can be simulated to create thinking machines.
Constructing Reference Plans of Two-Criteria Multimodal Transport Problem
Authors: Przystupa Krzysztof , Qin Zhang , Zabolotnii Serhii , Pohrebennyk Volodymyr , Mogilei Sergii , Zhongju Chen , Gil Leszek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The object of this study is a multicriteria transport problem, being stated for availability of several means of cargo delivery, meaning a multimodal transport problem. The optimization criteria of the multimodal transport problem described above are two objective functions of minimizing total transportation costs and level of transport risks. Three types of transport were selected for research: automobile, rail and river (inland waterway). The results of the study lay the foundation for development of a new valid algorithm for solving multimodal transport problems like multi-criteria optimization ones. The main advantage of such an algorithm lies in its higher potential convergence rate compared to classical numerical optimization methods, which now are predominantly used to solve the problems of this type. This advantage may not be decisive, but it appears to be at least quite an important argument when choosing the method of realization for two-criteria multimodal transport problems earlier considered, especially, in case of a large dimension. Moreover, the algorithm described in the work can be applied to similar problems with any number of types of transport and optimization criteria.
Rembrandt & the Case of "The Polish Rider". A Polish Mystery?
Authors: Keelmann Lehti Mairike 
Published: April 2021

In Rembrandt’s later years he moved progressively towards emphasizing the inner emotions of his painted characters. This inner emotion is present in perhaps one of the most mysterious paintings accredited to his oeuvre, "The Polish Rider" (c.1655). The issue of Rembrandt connoisseurship has become amplified by the mysterious qualities of this monumental painting. The debate surrounding the authorship and subject matter of this work has placed western Rembrandt scholars against their Polish counterparts. Consequently, scholars have been divided into two main groups: those who subscribe to the idea that the painting is indeed of Polish influence, and those who do not. This presentation will make serious considerations as to the Polish influences found in the identity of the rider and his costume, and his horse and harness. Moreover, it will suggest that “The Polish Rider” was indeed created as a portrait of a Polish soldier which Rembrandt’s genius was able to depict with detail and sensitivity. It is the individuality of the horse and the more subtle, outward gaze of the rider which suggest that we may never know what the painting’s function was. And yet, scholars and viewers of the painting share in the mystery.
Research for reducing the Minimum Miscible Pressure of crude oil and carbon dioxide by injecting citric acid isobutyl ester
Authors: Fan Guangjuan , Zhao Yuejun , Li Yilin , Zhang Xiaodan , Chen Hao 
Published: April 2021

Carbon dioxide miscible flooding has become one of the important technologies for improving oil recovery. The Minimum Miscible Pressure (MMP) is the key parameter to realize miscible flooding. As the MMP in the research area is higher than the formation fracture pressure, miscible flooding cannot be formed. To address this problem, it is necessary to find a way to reduce the MMP. Citric acid isobutyl ester is chosen to reduce the MMP of carbon dioxide and crude oil in this research. The effect of citric acid isobutyl ester on reducing the MMP was measured by the method of long-slim-tube displacement experiment. The experiment results show that the MMP is 29.6 MPa and can be obviously reduced by injecting the slug of citric acid isobutyl ester. The MMP could decrease gradually with constantly adding the injected slug of citric acid isobutyl ester, but the decrease becomes smaller and smaller. The optimum injected slug size of the chemical reagent is 0.003 PV. Under the condition of the slug size, the MMP is reduced to 23.5 MPa and the reduction is 6.1 MPa.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Prevention and Safety in the Dental Office
Authors: Priyanka  , Sonal Priya Bhansali  , Sumit Bhansali  , Yagyeshwar Malhotra  
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a single stranded RNA virus originating from Wuhan China has gripped the whole world and evolved rapidly into a public health crisis. SARSCoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients and is transmitted by droplets, surface contact, fecal-oral route and by aerosolization during procedures. The dental professionals are particularly at risk because of close contact with the patient and exposure to blood, saliva and droplets. Dental professionals must be fully aware of coronavirus spreading modalities, identification of patients with this infection, so present article introduces the essential knowledge about COVID-19 infection and provide recommended management protocols for dental practitioners based on relevant guidelines, research so that dental professional are better prepared to manage asymptomatic, suspected, and confirmed COVID-19 patients.
SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTON IONIC LIQUIDS WITH TETRACHLOROPALLADATE ANION
Authors: Ворончихина Людмила Ивановна , Журавлев Олег Евгеньевич , Деревцова Анастасия Сергеевна , Андреева Ольга Олеговна , Рассказова Наталья Юрьевна 
Published: April 2021

Синтезированы протонные металлсодержащие ионные жидкости с катионом аммония различной структуры и тетрахлорпалладат анионом. Изучены их физико-химические и спектральные характеристики. Установлено, что замена галогенид-аниона в протонированной соли аммония на комплексный PdCl- анион приводит к повышению температуры плавления комплексов, и наблюдается гипсохромный сдвиг полос поглощения катиона в ИК- и УФ- областях спектра.
Proton metal-containing ionic liquids with an ammonium cation of various structures and a tetrachloropalladate anion were synthesized. Their physicochemical and spectral characteristics are studied. It is established that the replacement of the halide anion in the protonated ammonium salt with the complex PdCl- anion leads to an increase in the melting temperature of the complexes, and a hypsochromic shift of the absorption bands of the cation in the IR and UV regions of the spectrum is observed.
Solidão, Filosofia Política e Totalitarismo em Hannah Arendt
Authors: Adverse Helton Dos 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste ártico é examinar o problema da solidão em Hannah Arendt à luz de suas considerações sobre o totalitarismo. Buscamos não apenas esclarecer esse conceito, mas examinar em que media ele é importante para compreender certos aspectos da crítica de Arendt à filosofia, em geral, e à filosofia política, em particular.
CRÍTICA DE CHOMSKY AO MATERIALISMO
Authors: Faria Daniel Luporini de 
Published: April 2021

No presente artigo, pretende-se expor e analisar as críticas que Noam Chomsky (2000) dirige contra o materialismo em filosofia da mente. Para o referido autor, a rigor, não faria sentido questionar o estatuto ontológico da mente, na medida em que os próprios físicos e filósofos materialistas desconhecem 90% da matéria que constitui o universo (a matéria e energia escuras). Deste modo, Chomsky dirá que no tempo de Descartes, da filosofia mecânica, o que se fazia era ciência normal, ao passo que após o advento das ideias de Newton, o universo passa a ser antimaterialista. O presente trabalho pode ser útil/valioso à filosofia e história das ciências naturais, à física e à filosofia da mente. Palavras-chave: Materialismo; Matéria Escura; Filosofia Mecânica. Abstract The aim of this paper is to expose and analyze Noam Chomsky’s criticisms against materialism in philosophy of mind. For this author, strictly speaking, questioning the ontological status of the mind would not make sense, considering that the materialistic physicists and philosophers themselves are unaware of 90% of the matter that constitutes the universe (dark matter and energy). Accordingly, Chomsky will say that in Descartes’ time, or in times of mechanical philosophy, what was done was normal science, while after the advent of Newton's ideas the universe becomes anti-materialist. This paper can be useful/valuable to philosophy and history of natural sciences, physics and philosophy of mind. Keywords: Materialism; Dark Matter; Mechanical Philosophy.
ARQUEOLOGIA FOUCAULTIANA E MORTE DO HOMEM
Authors: Silva Tarcito Raidan De Sousa 
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem um duplo propósito, a saber: primeiro, analisar a arqueologia, como procedimento metodológico, pensado por Michel Foucault para investigar a constituição dos saberes. Segundo, mostrar como, a partir dessa metodologia de pesquisa, o filósofo francês falou do fenômeno da morte do Homem. Precisamente, Foucault identificou que o Homem foi produzido recentemente, há cerca de 200 anos, como um duplo empírico-transcendental, entretanto, devido a uma mutação profunda na disposição do saber, o Homem encontra-se em vias de desaparecimento.Résumé: Le présent travail a un double objectif, à savoir: d’abord, analyser l’archéologie, comme procédure méthodologique, pensé par Michel Foucault pour enquêter la constitution des savoirs. Deuxième, montrer comme, à partir de cette méthodologie de recherche, le philosophe français a parlé du phénomène de la mort de l’homme. Foucault a identifié que l’homme a été produit récemment, il y a environ de 200 ans, comme um double empirique-transcendantal, toutefois, em raison d’une mutation profonds dans la disposition de la savoir, l’homme est en train de disparaître. Mots-clés: Epistémé. Archéologie. Homme. Discours.
O “interno” e o “externo” em filosofia da mente: Wittgenstein e o problema da experiência consciente
Authors: Faria Daniel Luporini de 
Published: April 2021

Suspeitando de que grande parte dos problemas atuais em filosofia da mente decorre de “nós” na teia sobre a qual estrutura-se a linguagem ordinária e o jargão filosófico pretendemos, com o presente artigo, identificar e dissolver o que julgamos ser os “pontos de tensão” subjacentes à colocação de alguns problemas aparentemente intratáveis na filosofia da mente contemporânea, em especial, o problema da experiência consciente, ou problema dos qualia. E, Fazendo uso dos escritos de Wittgenstein (1996, 1993a, 1993b), tencionamos estabelecer que o problema da experiência consciente seria mais um pseudoproblema decorrente da aceitação irrefletida por parte dos filósofos e cientistas contemporâneos da terminologia cartesiana que estabelece as assimetrias entre o público (comportamento) e o privado (estados mentais), entre o interno (estados mentais) e o externo (comportamento). Em resumo, pretendemos, com o presente artigo, fazendo uso das reflexões wittgensteinianas nas obras acima citadas, examinar a relação entre o que convencionou-se chamar de “interno” e “externo”, em filosofia da mente, bem como argumentar que o problema da experiência consciente proposto por alguns teóricos contemporâneos pode ser “dissolvido” com o adequado uso da linguagem, tal como Wittgenstein sugere nas referidas obras.
Socioeconomic deprivation is inversely associated with measles incidence: a longitudinal small-area analysis, Germany, 2001 to 2017
Authors: Rohleder Sven , Stock Christian , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: April 2021

Background
Although measles is endemic throughout the World Health Organization European Region, few studies have analysed socioeconomic inequalities and spatiotemporal variations in the disease’s incidence.

Aim
To study the association between socioeconomic deprivation and measles incidence in Germany, while considering relevant demographic, spatial and temporal factors.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal small-area analysis using nationally representative linked data in 401 districts (2001–2017). We used spatiotemporal Bayesian regression models to assess the potential effect of area deprivation on measles incidence, adjusted for demographic and geographical factors, as well as spatial and temporal effects. We estimated risk ratios (RR) for deprivation quintiles (Q1–Q5), and district-specific adjusted relative risks (ARR) to assess the area-level risk profile of measles in Germany.

Results
The risk of measles incidence in areas with lowest deprivation quintile (Q1) was 1.58 times higher (95% credible interval (CrI): 1.32–2.00) than in those with highest deprivation (Q5). Areas with medium-low (Q2), medium (Q3) and medium-high deprivation (Q4) had higher adjusted risks of measles relative to areas with highest deprivation (Q5) (RR: 1.23, 95%CrI: 0.99–1.51; 1.05, 95%CrI: 0.87–1.26 and 1.23, 95%CrI: 1.05–1.43, respectively). We identified 54 districts at medium-high risk for measles (ARR > 2) in Germany, of which 22 were at high risk (ARR > 3).

Conclusion
Socioeconomic deprivation in Germany, one of Europe’s most populated countries, is inversely associated with measles incidence. This association persists after demographic and spatiotemporal factors are considered. The social, spatial and temporal patterns of elevated risk require targeted public health action and policy to address the complexity underlying measles epidemiology.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WAKATOBI NATIONAL PARK ZONATION SYSTEM AND DYNAMICS OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM CONDITION
Authors: Firmansyah Fikri , Mustofa Adib , Estradivar  , Damora Adrian , Handayani Christian Novia N , Harris Jill , Ahmadia Gabby , Amkietiela  , Teule Klaas J. , Sugiyanta  , Santiadji Veda , Wijonarno Anton , Yusuf Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

The zonation can be evaluated by observing changes in ecosystem and social status in Wakatobi National Park (Taman Nasional Wakatobi – TNW). Coral reef ecosystem is one of the parameters indicating the effectiveness of zonation system. This study grouped TNW zones into No Take Zone (NTZ – area larang ambil; ZI, ZPB, ZPr) and use zone (UZ – area pemanfaatan; ZPL, ZPU) to determine impact of zonation implementation between 2009 – 2016 on coral reef ecosystem. Three parameters (benthic coverage, fish abundance and fish biomass) were determined by Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and underwater visual census (UVC) methods and all of these data were tested using two-way ANOVA. Hard coral coverage fluctuated between 19 – 32% however, NTZ and UZ had no significant hard coral cover differences (F=2,182, df=1, P=0,14). Abundance of carnivour fish (F=0,53, df=1, P=0,46) and herbivour fish (F=1,98, df=1, P=0,17) were similar between those two zones. Fish bombing and poisoning were two major threats until 2007. However, sand mining and waste management has overcome two previous major threats by 2017. Zonation system and its implementation can be one of mangement effectiveness indicators. Support Wakatobi National Park Authority, it is recommended to apply harvest control rules (HCR), regular patrol and monitoring and stakeholders capacity buiding.

Keywords
Benthic cover; fish abundance; fish biomass
A SITE-BASED CONSERVATION APPROACH TO PROMOTE THE RECOVERY OF BANGGAI CARDINALFISH (Pterapogon kauderni) ENDEMIC POPULATIONS
Authors: Moore Abigail Mary , Ndobe Samliok , Jompa Jamaluddin 
Published: April 2021

The endemic Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) is an Indonesian conservation priority with Endangered species. The goal of this research was to develop a site-based conservation concept appropriate from a bio-ecological viewpoint, based on the unusual characteristics of this species, in particular: (i) mouthbrooder with direct development, leading to reproductively isolated stocks and fine scale genetic structure; (ii) high level of reliance on habitat, in particular symbiosis with benthic animals providing protective micro-habitat. Methods used include review and analysis of published literature and unpublished data, including an analysis using the Marxan spatial planning software. We suggest several policy options and identify research needs, including: (i) base P. kauderni conservation (protection, rehabilitation and sustainable use) on stocks as the basic management unit; (ii) use data on P. kauderni genetic stocks in the zonation of the proposed Banggai Archipelago marine protected area (MPA); (iii) undertake further research to identify stocks/stock boundaries; (iv) apply the "BCF gardens" concept to fine-scale rebuilding of P. kauderni populations and enabling sustainable use through micro-habitat rehabilitation, with a community-based approach supported by a multi-phase scientific research program. The outputs from this study should support efforts towards sustainable management of the Banggai cardinalfish, particularly in the context of strategies to develop and manage an effective sub-national MPA.

Keywords
genetic stock; habitat/micro-habitat rehabilitation; community-based conservation; marine protected area; Marxan
THE PROVISION ON SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES ACTIVITY IN EASTERN COASTAL OF BINTAN ISLAND, RIAU ISLANDS
Authors: Arkham M. Nur 
Published: April 2021

The seagrass ecosystem has the same role as other ecosystem in improving coastal community fishery business. The purpose of this study is to assess the provision of seagrass ecosystem services to small fishing activities in the study sites. The research was conducted in Malang Village Meeting and Berakit from September to November 2014. Spatial distribution of fish species resources and small fishing catchment areas at study sites were located near the coast in each study village. The activity of catching small fishermen by utilizing the existence of seagrass ecosystem is reflected from the resources of fish species that are obtained and marketed to meet their needs. Fish community structure associated with seagrass from small fisherman catch in Malang Village Meeting based on index value of diversity (H ') and uniformity (E) of 2.58 and 0.93 higher than that of Desa Berakit that is 1.77 and 0.65. This value indicates that the keaganagaman in Malang Village is Medium and the community is in stable condition. While in the village of Berakit shows low diversity and community in unstable conditions. While the value of dominance index (C) of each village is low with the value of each village of 0.09 and 0.31.
Keywords:
seagrass ecosystem services, small-scale fisheries, and Eastern Coastal of Bintan
Analisis Potensi Tsunami di Lombok Utara
Authors: Ratuluhain Eva Susan 
Published: April 2021

Sesar Flores merupakan pemicu gempabumi pada tanggal 5 Agustus 2018 di pulau Lombok. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) melaporkan bahwa gempabumi dengan kekuatan 7 SR saat itu, telah menyebabkan tsunami kecil (13.5 cm) di desa Carik, Lombok Utara. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi tsunami yang berasal dari aktivitas sesar Flores. Simulasi penjalaran tsunami menggunakan perangkat lunak COMCOT v1.7 untuk mengetahui potensi tinggi tsunami, estimasi waktu tiba tsunami, dan potensi wilayah terdampak tsunami. Data historis untuk pusat gempabumi dalam simulasi adalah gempabumi 2 September 2018, dengan asumsi kekuatan gempa 7.0 SR. Kedalaman sumber gempa 14 km dengan luas patahan 47.9 x 15.9 km, dislokasi 2.5 m, dan parameter strike, dip, slip masing-masing 284o, 64o, 88o. Layer simulasi dibagi menjadi 3 berdasarkan sistem model bersarang, dengan reolusi masing-masing 464 m, 232 m, dan 77 m. Data batimetri diperoleh dari GEBCO dengan resolusi 15-arcsecond. Waktu simulasi penjalaran tsunami yang dilakukan selama 30 menit, menghasilkan tinggi tsunami awal sebesar 0.9 meter. Tinggi tsunami maksimum yang teramati sepanjang penjalaran adalah 1–2.5 m. Waktu tiba gelombang pada pesisir Lombok Utara, ditempuh dalam kisaran waktu 3 sampai 13 menit. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa wilayah kecamatan Bayan, Kayangan, Tanjung, dan Gangga berpotensi terkena dampak tsunami.
Kata Kunci: COMCOT, Gempabumi, Lombok Utara, Sesar Flores, Tsunami
ANALISIS METODE INDEKS KEPEKAAN LINGKUNGAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE TERHADAP TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI PESISIR SUBANG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rikardi Novit , Damar Ario , Nurjaya I Wayan 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode indeks kepekaan lingkungan ekosistem mangrove terhadap tumpahan minyak dengan studi kasus di daerah pesisir Subang Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer (data jenis mangrove, tipe substrat dan data sosial ekonomi) dan data sekunder (karakterisitik pantai dan hidrooseanografi). Data tersebut kemudian digunakan sebagai parameter dalam Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan (IKL). Indeks kepekaan lingkungan terdiri dari tiga indeks yaitu indeks kerentanan (IK), indeks ekologi (IE), dan indeks sosial ekonomi (IS). Parameter IK terdiri dari kemiringan pantai, rentang pasang surut, tinggi gelombang, tipe substrat dan jarak ekosistem mangrove dari pantai. Parameter IE terdiri dari zonasi mangrove, kepadatan mangrove, keragaman mangrove, keberadaan hewan dilindungi dan status perlindungan ekosistem mangrove. Parameter IS terdiri dari dua kompoen yaitu komponen sosial dan komponen ekonomi dari ekosistem mangrove. Formula IKL yang digunakan adalah IKL = IK(0,3) + IE(0,3) + IS(0,4) dan terbagi kedalam 5 tingkatan kepekaan. Kajian IKL di daerah penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar daerah memiliki tingkat kepekaan yang “sedang” terhadap tumpahan minyak kecuali Tegal Tike, Anggaranu dan Tanjung yang memiliki tingkat kepekaan “peka”.