bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of anesthetic and surgical risk factors with outcomes of initial diagnostic biopsies in a current cohort of children with anterior mediastinal masses
Authors: Halepota Huma Faiz , Tan Josephine S K , Reddy Satish K , Tang Phua Hwee , Ong Lin Yin , Lee York Tien , Chan Mei Yoke , Soh Shui Yen , Chang Kenneth T E , Ng Agnes S B , Loh Amos Hong Pheng 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDiagnostic biopsies of pediatric anterior mediastinal masses (AMMs) are high-risk procedures in which general anesthesia (GA) is traditionally avoided. However, awareness of historically recognized risk factors and corresponding perioperative management have improved over time and may now no longer strictly preclude the use of GA. Therefore, in this study, we examined the association of anesthetic and surgical risk factors and modalities with resulting procedural and survival outcomes in a current patient cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts of 35 children with AMMs who underwent initial diagnostic biopsies between January 2001 and August 2019, and determined tracheal compression and deviation from archival CT scans and procedural and disease outcomes.ResultsTwenty-three (65%) patients underwent GA while 12 (35%) received sedation. Among patients with available CT measurements, 13 of 25 (52%) had >50% anteroposterior tracheal diameter reduction. Patients with >50% anteroposterior tracheal compression received sedation more frequently (p=0.047) and were positioned upright (p=0.015) compared with patients with ≤50% compression, although 4 of 13 and 9 of 12, respectively, still received GA. Intraoperative adverse events (AEs) occurred in four (11.4%) patients: three received GA, and all were positioned supine or lateral. AEs were not associated with radiographic airway risk factors but were significantly associated with morphine and sevoflurane use (p<0.001) and with thoracoscopic biopsies (p=0.035). There were no on-table mortalities, but four delayed deaths occurred (three related to disease and one from late procedural complications).ConclusionsIn a current cohort of pediatric AMM biopsies, patients with >50% anteroposterior tracheal compression were more frequently managed with a conservative perioperative management strategy, though not completely excluding GA. The corresponding reduction in frequency of procedural AEs in this traditionally high-risk group suggests that increased awareness of procedural risk factors and appropriate risk-guided perioperative management choices may obviate the procedural mortality historically associated with pediatric AMM biopsies.
Análise comparativa entre métodos de estimativa de recarga para uma microbacia na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus - AM
Authors: Brito Alderlene Pimentel de , Wahnfried Ingo Daniel , Ferreira Sávio José Filgueiras , Bastos João Hilário Borges de 
Published: October 2021

A recarga é um elemento-chave do ciclo hidrológico, sendo indispensável para a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos. Este estudo objetivou quantificar e comparar as taxas de recarga direta de um aquífero freático localizado em uma região de floresta primária contígua a Manaus utilizando os métodos balanço hídrico (BH), variação do nível da água (VNA) e estimativa darcyana (ED). Foram obtidos dados de precipitação e temperatura atmosférica de 2013 a 2015 da estação meteorológica localizada na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (RFAD). Medições de nível da água subterrânea e ensaios para determinação de condutividade hidráulica foram executados em sete piezômetros instalados em microbacia de drenagem da RFAD. A vazão específica (Sy) foi determinada em amostras de solo indeformadas. Os resultados do método do BH indicam taxa de recarga de 47% (1.583 mm) em 2013, de 46% (1.277 mm) em 2014 e de 20% (680 mm) em 2015. A precipitação em 2014 foi 18% menor do que em 2013, e a de 2015 foi 21% menor do que em 2014, por causa do fenômeno El Niño, gerando redução significativa da recarga apenas no último ano. Os registros de nível da água subterrânea para ED foram feitos entre fevereiro e julho de 2013, gerando estimativa de recarga de 28% (624 mm) da precipitação. Aplicando-se o método de VNA foi estimada uma taxa de recarga de 52% (2.229 mm) para o período de fevereiro de 2014 a agosto de 2015. Os resultados indicam maior consistência entre BH e VNA. As taxas de recarga aqui obtidas são superiores às determinadas em situações hidrogeológicas análogas em outras regiões do país.
Eastward Shift of Interannual Climate Variability in the South Indian Ocean since 1950
Authors: Zhang Lei , Han Weiqing , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Li Yuanlong , Tozuka Tomoki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) and Ningaloo Niño are the two dominant modes of interannual climate variability in the subtropical south Indian Ocean. Observations show that the SIOD has been weakening in the recent decades, while Ningaloo Niño has been strengthening. In this study, we investigate the causes for such changes by analyzing climate model experiments using the NCAR Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Ensemble-mean results from CESM1 large-ensemble (CESM1-LE) show that the external forcing causes negligible changes in the amplitudes of the SIOD and Ningaloo Niño, suggesting a dominant role of internal climate variability. Meanwhile, results from CESM1 pacemaker experiments reveal that the observed changes in the two climate modes cannot be attributed to the effect of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in either the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean or tropical Indian Ocean. By further comparing different ensemble members from the CESM1-LE, we find that a warm pool dipole mode of decadal variability, with opposite SSTA in the southeast Indian Ocean and the western-central tropical Pacific Ocean plays an important role in driving the observed changes in the SIOD and Ningaloo Niño. These changes in the two climate modes have considerable impacts on precipitation and sea level variabilities in the south Indian Ocean region.
A Nonparametric, Data-Driven Approach to Despiking Ocean Surface Wave Time Series
Authors: Malila Mika P. , Bohlinger Patrik , Støle-Hentschel Susanne , Breivik Øyvind , Hope Gaute , Magnusson Anne Karin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose a methodology for despiking ocean surface wave time series based on a Bayesian approach to data-driven learning known as Gaussian process (GP) regression. We show that GP regression can be used for both robust detection of erroneous measurements and interpolation over missing values, while also obtaining a measure of the uncertainty associated with these operations. In comparison with a recent dynamical phase space–based despiking method, our data-driven approach is here shown to lead to improved wave signal correlation and spectral tail consistency, although at a significant increase in computational cost. Our results suggest that GP regression is thus especially suited for offline quality control requiring robust noise detection and replacement, where the subsequent analysis of the despiked data is sensitive to the accidental removal of extreme or rare events such as abnormal or rogue waves. We assess our methodology on measurements from an array of four collocated 5-Hz laser altimeters during a much-studied storm event in the North Sea covering a wide range of sea states.
Tornadogenesis in a Quasi-Linear Convective System over Kanto Plain in Japan: A Numerical Case Study
Authors: Tochimoto Eigo , Niino Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The environmental characteristics and formation process of a tornado spawned by a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) over Kanto Plain, Japan, are examined using observations, a reanalysis dataset, and a high-resolution numerical simulation with a horizontal grid spacing of 50 m. The QLCS environment responsible for tornadogenesis was characterized by small convective available potential energy and large storm-relative environmental helicity due to strong vertical shear associated with a low-level jet. The strong low-level jet was associated with a large zonal pressure gradient between two meridionally aligned extratropical cyclones and a synoptic-scale high pressure system to the east. The numerical simulation reproduced the tornado in the central part of the QLCS. Before the tornadogenesis, three mesovortices developed that were meridionally aligned at 500-m height, and a rear inflow jet (RIJ) associated with relatively cold air originated from aloft and developed on the west side of the QLCS, while descending from rear to front. Tornadogenesis occurred in the southernmost mesovortex at the northern tip of the RIJ. This mesovortex induces strong low-level updrafts through vertical pressure gradient force. A circulation analysis and vorticity budget analysis for the mesovortex show that environmental crosswise vorticity in the forward inflow region east of the QLCS played a significant role in the formation of the mesovortex. The circulation analysis for the tornado shows that frictional effects contribute to the increase of circulation associated with the tornado. Moreover, environmental shear associated with horizontal and vertical shear of the horizontal wind also contribute to the circulation of the tornado.
Machine Learning Methods for Postprocessing Ensemble Forecasts of Wind Gusts: A Systematic Comparison
Authors: Schulz Benedikt , Lerch Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Postprocessing ensemble weather predictions to correct systematic errors has become a standard practice in research and operations. However, only a few recent studies have focused on ensemble postprocessing of wind gust forecasts, despite its importance for severe weather warnings. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and systematic comparison of eight statistical and machine learning methods for probabilistic wind gust forecasting via ensemble postprocessing that can be divided in three groups: state-of-the-art postprocessing techniques from statistics [ensemble model output statistics (EMOS), member-by-member postprocessing, isotonic distributional regression], established machine learning methods (gradient-boosting extended EMOS, quantile regression forests), and neural network–based approaches (distributional regression network, Bernstein quantile network, histogram estimation network). The methods are systematically compared using 6 years of data from a high-resolution, convection-permitting ensemble prediction system that was run operationally at the German weather service, and hourly observations at 175 surface weather stations in Germany. While all postprocessing methods yield calibrated forecasts and are able to correct the systematic errors of the raw ensemble predictions, incorporating information from additional meteorological predictor variables beyond wind gusts leads to significant improvements in forecast skill. In particular, we propose a flexible framework of locally adaptive neural networks with different probabilistic forecast types as output, which not only significantly outperform all benchmark postprocessing methods but also learn physically consistent relations associated with the diurnal cycle, especially the evening transition of the planetary boundary layer.
Tornado Fatalities in Context: 1995–2018
Authors: Fricker Tyler , Friesenhahn Corey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTornadoes account for the third highest average annual weather-related fatality rate in the United States. Here, tornado fatalities are examined as rates within the context of multiple physical and social factors using tornado-level information including population and housing units within killer tornado damage paths. Fatality rates are further evaluated across annual, monthly, and diurnal categories as well as between fatality locations and across age and sex categories. The geographic distribution of fatalities is then given by season, time of day, and residential structures. Results can be used by emergency managers, meteorologists, and planners to better prepare for high-impact (i.e., fatality) events and used by researchers as quantitative evidence to further investigate the relationship between tornadoes, climate, and society.
Rilpivirine plus cobicistat-boosted darunavir as alternative to standard three-drug therapy in HIV-infected, virologically suppressed subjects: Final results of the PROBE 2 trial
Authors: Maggiolo Franco , Gianotti Nicola , Comi Laura , Di Filippo Elisa , Fumagalli Laura , Nozza Silvia , Galli Laura. , Valenti Daniela. , Rizzi Marco , Castagna Antonella 
Published: October 2021

Background Primary analysis at 24 weeks showed that switching to rilpivirine plus darunavir/cobicistat was non-inferior to continuing a standard three-drug antiretroviral regimen in virologically suppressed people with HIV. We present efficacy and safety data from the 48-week analysis. Methods PROBE 2 is a randomized, open-label trial. Adults who were on a three-drug therapy and had had <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL for at least 6 months were randomly assigned (1:1) to 25 mg rilpivirine plus 800/150 darunavir/cobicistat once daily (early switch group) or to continue their regimen for 24 weeks before switching (late switch group). In the 48-week analysis, the efficacy endpoint was the proportion of participants with <50 copies/mL of HIV-RNA (US Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm). The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT04064632. Findings 160 participants were recruited and randomized. At week 48, 70 (87.5%) in the early switch group and 76 (94.8%) in the late switch group maintained HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL. Virological failure (≥50 HIV-RNA copies/mL) was not seen in any patient of the early switch group and in 2 subjects in the late switch group none of which had treatment emergent resistance-associated mutation. Adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in 7 (8.7%) participants in the early switch group and in none in the late switch group. Interpretation The combination of rilpivirine plus darunavir/cobicistat sustained virological suppression, was associated with a low frequency of virological failure, and had a favorable safety profile, which support its use as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing and integrase inhibitor-sparing alternative to three-drug regimens.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral JNJ-64794964, a TLR-7 agonist, in healthy adults
Authors: Gane Edward , Pastagia Mina , Schwertschlag Ullrich , De Creus An , Schwabe Christian , Vandenbossche Joris , Slaets Leen , Fevery Bart , Smyej Ilham , Wu Liviawati S , Li Rui , Siddiqui Samia , Oey Abbie , Musto Clark , Van Remoortere Pieter 
Published: October 2021

Background This Phase I, two-part, first-in-human study assessed safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of single-ascending doses (SAD) and multiple doses (MD) of the oral toll-like receptor-7 agonist, JNJ-64794964 (JNJ-4964) in healthy adults. Methods In the SAD phase, participants received JNJ-4964 0.2 ( N = 6), 0.6 ( N = 6), 1.25 ( N = 8) or 1.8 mg ( N = 6) or placebo ( N = 2/dose cohort) in a fasted state. Food effect was evaluated for the 1.25 mg cohort following ≥6 weeks washout. In the MD phase, participants received JNJ-4964 1.25 mg ( N = 6) or placebo ( N = 2) weekly (fasted) for 4 weeks. Participants were followed-up for 4 weeks. Results No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred. 10/34 (SAD) and 5/8 (MD) participants reported mild-to-moderate (≤Grade 2), transient, reversible AEs possibly related to JNJ-4964. Five (SAD) participants had fever/flu-like AEs, coinciding with interferon-α serum levels ≥100 pg/mL and lymphopenia (<1 × 109/L), between 24–48 h after dosing and resolving approximately 96 h after dosing. One participant (MD) had an asymptomatic Grade 1 AE of retinal exudates (cotton wool spots) during follow-up, resolving 6 weeks after observation. JNJ-4964 exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, with rapid absorption (tmax 0.5–0.75 h) and distribution, and a long terminal half-life (150–591 h). Overall, no significant differences in JNJ-4964 pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in the fed versus fasted state. JNJ-4964 dose-dependently and transiently induced cytokines with potential anti-HBV activity, including interferon-α, IP-10, IL-1 RA, and/or MCP-1, and interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, MX1, and OAS1) in serum. Conclusions In healthy adults, JNJ-4964 was generally well-tolerated, exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and induced cytokines/ISGs, with possible anti-HBV activity.
Generalized Kinematics Analysis of Hybrid Mechanisms Based on Screw Theory and Lie Groups Lie Algebras
Authors: Sun Peng , Li Yanbiao , Chen Ke , Zhu Wentao , Zhong Qi , Chen Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvanced mathematical tools are used to conduct research on the kinematics analysis of hybrid mechanisms, and the generalized analysis method and concise kinematics transfer matrix are obtained. In this study, first, according to the kinematics analysis of serial mechanisms, the basic principles of Lie groups and Lie algebras are briefly explained in dealing with the spatial switching and differential operations of screw vectors. Then, based on the standard ideas of Lie operations, the method for kinematics analysis of parallel mechanisms is derived, and Jacobian matrix and Hessian matrix are formulated recursively and in a closed form. Then, according to the mapping relationship between the parallel joints and corresponding equivalent series joints, a forward kinematics analysis method and two inverse kinematics analysis methods of hybrid mechanisms are examined. A case study is performed to verify the calculated matrices wherein a humanoid hybrid robotic arm with a parallel-series-parallel configuration is considered as an example. The results of a simulation experiment indicate that the obtained formulas are exact and the proposed method for kinematics analysis of hybrid mechanisms is practically feasible.
A narrative review on the validity of electronic health record-based research in epidemiology
Authors: Gianfrancesco Milena A. , Goldstein Neal D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectronic health records (EHRs) are widely used in epidemiological research, but the validity of the results is dependent upon the assumptions made about the healthcare system, the patient, and the provider. In this review, we identify four overarching challenges in using EHR-based data for epidemiological analysis, with a particular emphasis on threats to validity. These challenges include representativeness of the EHR to a target population, the availability and interpretability of clinical and non-clinical data, and missing data at both the variable and observation levels. Each challenge reveals layers of assumptions that the epidemiologist is required to make, from the point of patient entry into the healthcare system, to the provider documenting the results of the clinical exam and follow-up of the patient longitudinally; all with the potential to bias the results of analysis of these data. Understanding the extent of as well as remediating potential biases requires a variety of methodological approaches, from traditional sensitivity analyses and validation studies, to newer techniques such as natural language processing. Beyond methods to address these challenges, it will remain crucial for epidemiologists to engage with clinicians and informaticians at their institutions to ensure data quality and accessibility by forming multidisciplinary teams around specific research projects.
Growth differentiation factor-15 and incident chronic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Bao Xue , Xu Biao , Borné Yan , Orho-Melander Marju , Melander Olle , Nilsson Jan , Christensson Anders , Engström Gunnar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The relationship between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. We sought to examine whether plasma GDF-15 was related to incident CKD and kidney function decline using a large prospective cohort study.

Methods
4318 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort were examined in 1991-1994. Incidence of CKD was followed prospectively by linkage with national patient registers. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was available for all participants at baseline, and was re-measured in a subgroup of 2744 subjects after 16.6 ± 1.49 years. Incidence of CKD was examined in relation to GDF-15 using Cox regression analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of GDF-15 with eGFR change and eGFR-based CKD. Models were carefully corrected for potential confounders including baseline eGFR, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and competing risk from death.

Results
165 patients developed CKD after 19.2 ± 4.04 years of follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for CKD in 4th versus 1st quartile of GDF-15 was 2.37 (1.33, 4.24) (p for trend < 0.01). Each per 1 standard deviation increase in GDF-15 was associated with a decline in eGFR of − 0.97 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI, − 1.49 ~ − 0.45; p < 0.001). GDF-15 was also significantly associated eGFR-based CKD in 2713 subjects with baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusions
GDF-15 predicted incidence of CKD and eGFR decline in the general population, independent of a wide range of potential risk factors and competing risk of death.
Prospective association between depressive symptoms and stroke risk among middle-aged and older Chinese
Authors: Cui Yimin , Zhu Chunsu , Lian Zhiwei , Han Xueyan , Xiang Qian , Liu Zhenming , Zhou Ying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the association between baseline symptoms and changes in depressive symptoms and stroke incidents.

Methods
We used data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2013, 2015, and 2018. In total, 10,100 individuals aged ≥45 years and without a history of stroke in 2013 were included. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studied Depression scale (elevated depressive symptoms cutoff ≥10). Changes of depressive symptoms were assessed by two successive surveys (stable low/no, recent onset, recently remitted, and stable high depressive symptoms). We assessed whether baseline depressive symptoms and changes of them were associated with stroke incidents reported through 2018. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status and other potential confounders were performed.

Results
For the analysis of baseline depressive symptoms and stroke (n = 10,100), 545 (5.4%) reported stroke incidents in the following 5-year period. Individuals with elevated depressive symptoms in 2013 experienced a markedly higher stroke risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–1.84) compared with those without elevated depressive symptoms. In the analysis of changes in depressive symptoms (n = 8491, 430 (5.1%) stroke events), participants with stable high (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.58–2.56) and recent-onset (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04–1.85) depressive symptoms presented higher stroke risk compared to those with stable low/no depressive symptoms, while recently remitted symptoms (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.80–1.57) were not associated with stroke risk.

Conclusions
In conclusion, stable high and newly started depressive symptoms were associated with increased stroke risk, whereas the improvement of depressive symptoms was not related to increase in stroke risk, suggesting that stroke risk may be decreased by effective management of depressive symptoms.