bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary analysis of a neotropical plant extract antiviral potential against Chikungunya and Mayaro viruses
Authors: Feitoza Pires Ellen Caroline , da Silva Francini Pereira , Schallenberger Karoline , Hermann Bruna Saraiva , Mallmann Larissa , dos Santos Alini Godinho , Moura Wellington S. , de Oliveira Eugênio E. , Smagghe Guy , Ascêncio Sergio Donizeti , Santos Barbosa Robson dos , Mendes Ilsamar , Fleck Juliane Deise , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais , de Souza Aguiar Raimundo Wagner 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChikungunya and Mayaro fevers are viral infectious diseases, without vaccine or treatment, that causes fever and arthralgia. Establishing novel antiviral tools capable of preventing or treating Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections are needed. The use of plant-based compounds that affect the replication cycles of these viruses has been proposed as a promising strategy. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. is a neotropical plant used by Yucatec Mayas traditional healers, mainly, as antipyretic and antirheumatic. To evaluate the potential of C. alba methanolic extracts against CHIKV and MAYV through preliminary analysis in vitro and in silico. The cytotoxicity profile of two C. alba roots methanolic extracts in Vero cells was performed by lysosomal viability using the neutral red assay, and the antiviral potential was determined by plaque assay. We further assessed, through in silico computational predictions, the possible interactions between the active site of the nsP2 proteases of these viruses with some secondary metabolites present in C. alba extracts, identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Our partial phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, and phenolic acids in the C. alba extracts. Our in vitro assays showed that both C. alba extracts inhibited more than 70% of CHIKV and MAYV activities at 60 µg/mL concentration. Based on our in silico computational predictions, the flavonoids naringin and vitexin showed the greatest affinity energies with the CHIKV and MAYV nsP2 proteases, revealing the great potential of these compounds as viral inhibitors. The findings described here indicates that C. alba extracts, or their secondary metabolites, as a potential source of novel antiviral compounds.
Exploring of bacterial blight resistance in landraces, mining of resistant gene(s) and genetic divergence of resistant germplasm through molecular markers and quantitative traits
Authors: Anik Touhidur Rahman , Nihad Sheikh Arafat Islam , Hasan Md. Al-Imran , Hossain Mohammad Ahasan , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Iqbal Khan Mohammad Ashik , Latif Mohammad Abdul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBacterial blight, one of the oldest and severe diseases of rice poses a major threat towards global rice production and food security. Thereafter, sustainable management of this disease has given paramount importance globally. In the current study, we explored 792 landraces to evaluate their disease reaction status against three highly virulent strains (BXo69, BXo87 and BXo93) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Subsequently, we intended to identify the possible candidate resistant (R) genes responsible for the resistant reaction using six STS markers correspond to Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13, Xa21 and Xa23 genes and finally, we evaluated morphological and molecular diversity of the potential bacterial blight resistant germplasm using quantitative traits and ISSR markers. Based on pathogenicity test, a single germplasm was found as highly resistant while, 33 germplasm were resistant and 40 were moderately resistant. Further molecular study on these 74 germplasm divulged that 41 germplasm carried Xa4 gene, 15 carried xa5 gene, 62 carried Xa7 gene, 33 carried xa13 gene, and 19 carried Xa23 gene. Only a single germplasm consisted of Xa21 gene. Interestingly, we found a wide range of gene combinations ranged from 2 to 4 genes among the germplasm resistant to bacterial blight and G3 genotype (Acc. No. 4216; highly resistant) having Xa4, Xa7, xa13, Xa21 and G43 genotype (Acc. No. 1523; resistant) having Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa23 gene combination being the most effective against all the Xoo strains. Nonetheless, UPGMA dendrogram and heatmap analysis based on quantitative traits identified two important clusters viz. cluster-III and cluster-VIII with multiple desired traits However, genetic similarity based on ISSR marker data pointed out 3 germplasm, namely, G20 (Acc. No. 4004; contained Xa4, Xa7, xa13 genes), G17 (Acc. No. 3981; contained Xa7, xa13 genes) and G6 (Acc. No. 991; contained Xa4, Xa7, xa13, Xa23 genes) having comparatively lower genetic similarity (0.30, 0.37 and 0.38, respectively) with elite variety BRRI dhan28. Notably, Mantle test of molecular and morphological data indicated that there was a positive correlation (r = 0.113) between them. The outcome of this study would enrich and diversify the rice gene pool and would be useful for the development of durable bacterial blight resistant varieties.
Population structure and genetic diversity of chickpea germplasms
Authors: Yadav Garima , Jayaswal Deepanshu , Jayaswall Kuldip , Bhandawat Abhishek , Singh Arvind Nath , Tilgam Jyotsana , Rai Abhishek Kumar , Chaturvedi Rachna , Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn various leguminous crops, chickpea is the fourth most important legume contributing 3.1% to the total legume production. Grains of chickpea are rich source of proteins, minerals and vitamins which makes them suitable for both food and feed. For any crop to be improved, the knowledge of genetic diversity of wild and elite cultivar is very important. Therefore among various available marker systems, molecular markers are more reliable and accurate, therefore are very commonly used for genetic diversity analysis, phylogenetic studies and cultivar identification. Due to several advantages of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers in present study we analyzed the genetic diversity, structure, cross-species transferability and allelic richness in 50 chickpea collection using 23 ISSR markers. The observed parameters such as allele number varied from 3 to 16, and PIC varied from 0.15 to 0.4988 respectively. Further, range of allele size varied from 150 to 1600 bp which shows the significance of ISSR markers for chickpea germplasms characterization. On the basis of ISSR marker genotypic data dendrogram were constructed which divides these 50 chickpea in group I and II showing the reliability of ISSR markers. Among 50 chickpea, the accession P 74-1 is in group I and rest are in group II. Further we made mini-core collection of 15 diverse chickpea and subgrouped them. Dendrogram, PCA, Dissimilarity matrix and Bayesian model based genetic clustering of 50 chickpea germplasms revealed that P 74-1,P 1883, P 1260 very diverse chickpea accession. Characterization of these diverse chickpea would help in maintenance breeding, conservation and in future could be used to develop climate resilient elite cultivar of chickpea. Utilization of these novel ISSRs markers in diversity analysis and population structure characterization of 50 chickpea germplasm suggests their wider efficacy in superior scale for molecular breeding studies in chickpea.
Comparison of genetic variation between rare and common congeners ofDipodomyswith estimates of contemporary and historical effective population size
Authors: Halsey Michaela K. , Stuhler John D. , Bayona-Vasquez Natalia , Platt Roy N. , Goetze Jim R. , Martin Robert E. , Matocha Kenneth G. , Bradley Robert D. , Stevens Richard D. , Ray David A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganisms with low effective population sizes are at greater risk of extinction because of reduced genetic diversity.Dipodomys elatoris a kangaroo rat that is classified as threatened in Texas and field surveys from the past 50 years indicate that the distribution of this species has decreased. This suggests geographic range reductions that could have caused population fluctuations, potentially impacting effective population size. Conversely, the more common and widespreadD. ordiiis thought to exhibit relative geographic and demographic stability. Genetic variation betweenD. elatorandD. ordiisamples was assessed using 3RAD, a modified restriction site associated sequencing approach. It was hypothesized thatD. elatorwould show lower levels of nucleotide diversity, observed heterozygosity, and effective population size when compared toD. ordii. Also of interest was identifying population structure within contemporary samples ofD. elatorand detecting genetic variation between temporal samples that could indicate demographic dynamics. Up to 61,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. It was determined that genetic variability and effective population size in contemporaryD. elatorpopulations were lower than that ofD. ordii, that there is only slight, if any, structure within contemporaryD. elatorpopulations, and there is little genetic differentiation between spatial or temporal historical samples suggesting little change in nuclear genetic diversity over 30 years. Results suggest that genetic diversity ofD. elatorhas remained stable despite claims of reduced population size and/or abundance, which may indicate a metapopulation-like system, whose fluctuations might counteract any immediate decrease in fitness.
Temperate tree seedlings have similar drought vulnerability despite having different hydraulic drought responses in adults
Authors: Lee Benjamin R. , Ibáñez Inés 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change is projected result in higher frequencies of drought events across the world and lead to reduced performance in many temperate tree species. However, many studies in this area focus specifically on adult tree drought responses and overlook how trees in other age classes might differ in their vulnerability. Evidence shows that seedling drought response can differ from that of adults and furthermore that demographic performance in the seedling age class will have disproportionately strong effects on the assembly dynamics of future forests, together suggesting that understanding seedling drought responses will be critical to our ability to predict how forests will respond to climate change. In this study, we measured four indices of hydraulic response to drought (leaf water potential, photosynthetic capacity, non-structural carbohydrate concentration, and hydraulic conductivity), as well as interaction effects with shade treatments, for seedlings of two temperate tree species that differ in their adult drought response: isohydric Acer saccharum and anisohydric Quercus rubra. We found a strong isohydric response in A. saccharum seedlings that included conservation of leaf water potentials (>-1.8 MPa) and reductions in non-structural carbohydrate concentrations consistent with reduction of stomatal conductance. Quercus rubra seedlings were able to survive to more negative water potentials, but only rarely, and they showed a similar reduction in photosynthetic capacity as was found for A. saccharum. Our results suggest that, although Q. rubra seedlings display some anisohydric responses to drought, they are more isohydric than adults. Both species seem to be relatively similar in their vulnerability to drought despite the differences predicted from adult drought response, and our results suggest that seedlings of both species will be similarly vulnerable to future drought events.
11β-HSD1 inhibition does not affect murine tumour angiogenesis but may exert a selective effect on tumour growth by modulating inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Davidson Callam T , Miller Eileen , Muir Morwenna , Dawson John C. , Lee Martin , Aitken Stuart , Serrels Alan , Webster Scott P , Homer Natalie Z. M. , Andrew Ruth , Brunton Valerie G. , Hadoke Patrick W. F. , Walker Brian R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids inhibit angiogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) reduces tissue-specific glucocorticoid action and promotes angiogenesis in murine models of myocardial infarction. Angiogenesis is important in the growth of some solid tumours. This study used murine models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to test the hypothesis that 11β-HSD1 inhibition promotes angiogenesis and subsequent tumour growth. SCC or PDAC cells were injected into female FVB/N or C57BL6/J mice fed either standard diet, or diet containing the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor UE2316. SCC tumours grew more rapidly in UE2316-treated mice, reaching a larger (P<0.01) final volume (0.158 ± 0.037 cm3) than in control mice (0.051 ± 0.007 cm3). However, PDAC tumour growth was unaffected. Immunofluorescent analysis of SCC tumours did not show differences in vessel density (CD31/alpha-smooth muscle actin) or cell proliferation (Ki67) after 11β-HSD1 inhibition, and immunohistochemistry of SCC tumours did not show changes in inflammatory cell (CD3- or F4/80-positive) infiltration. In culture, the growth/viability (assessed by live cell imaging) of SCC cells was not affected by UE2316 or corticosterone. Second Harmonic Generation microscopy showed that UE2316 reduced Type I collagen (P<0.001), whilst RNA-sequencing revealed that multiple factors involved in the innate immune/inflammatory response were reduced in UE2316-treated SCC tumours.11β-HSD1 inhibition increases SCC tumour growth, likely via suppression of inflammatory/immune cell signalling and extracellular matrix deposition, but does not promote tumour angiogenesis or growth of all solid tumours.
Efficient differentiation of human primordial germ cells through geometric control reveals a key role for NODAL signaling
Authors: Jo Kyoung , Teague Seth , Chen Bohan , Khan Hina Aftab , Freeburne Emily , Li Hunter , Li Bolin , Spence Jason , Heemskerk Idse 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTHuman primordial germ cells (hPGCs) form around the time of implantation and are the precursors of eggs and sperm. Many aspects of hPGC specification remain poorly understood. Here we show that micropatterned human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) treated with BMP4 give rise to hPGC-like cells (hPGCLC) and use these as a quantitatively reproducible and simple in vitro model to interrogate this important developmental event. We characterize micropatterned hPSCs up to 96h for the first time and show that hPGCLC populations are stable and continue to mature. By perturbing signaling during hPGCLC differentiation, we identify a previously unappreciated role for NODAL signaling and find that the relative timing and duration of BMP and NODAL signaling are critical parameters controlling the number of hPGCLCs. We formulate a mathematical model for a network of cross-repressive fates driven by NODAL and BMP signaling which predicts the measured fate patterns after signaling perturbations. Finally, we show that hPSC colony size dictates the efficiency of hPGCLC specification, which led us to dramatically improve the efficiency of hPGCLC differentiation over current protocols.
An efficient miRNA knockout approach using CRISPR-Cas9 in Xenopus
Authors: Godden Alice M. , Ward Nicole J. , van der Lee Michael , Abu-Daya Anita , Guille Matthew , Wheeler Grant N. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn recent years CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts (KO) have become increasingly ultilised to study gene function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, 20-22 nucleotides long, which affect gene expression through post-transcriptional repression. We previously identified miRNAs-196a and −219 as implicated in the development of Xenopus neural crest (NC). The NC is a multipotent stem-cell population, specified during early neurulation. Following EMT NC cells migrate to various points in the developing embryo where they give rise to a number of tissues including parts of the peripheral nervous system and craniofacial skeleton. Dysregulation of NC development results in many diseases grouped under the term neurocristopathies. As miRNAs are so small it is difficult to design CRISPR sgRNAs that reproducibly lead to a KO. We have therefore designed a novel approach using two guide RNAs to effectively ‘drop out’ a miRNA. We have knocked out miR-196a and miR-219 and compared the results to morpholino knockdowns (KD) of the same miRNAs. Validation of efficient CRISPR miRNA KO and phenotype analysis included use of whole-mount in situ hybridization of key NC and neural plate border markers such as Pax3, Xhe2, Sox10 and Snail2, q-RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. miRNA-219 and miR-196a KO’s both show loss of NC, altered neural plate and hatching gland phenotypes. Tadpoles show gross craniofacial and pigment phenotypes.
Naturalistic paradigm reveals multi-component emotion dynamics in theta and beta bands using DENS dataset
Authors: Mishra Sudhakar , Asif Mohammad , Tiwary Uma Shanker 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe emotion research with artificial stimuli does not represent the dynamic processing of emotions in real-life situations. The lack of data on emotion with the ecologically valid naturalistic paradigm hinders the knowledge of emotion mechanism in a real-world interaction. To this aim, we collected the emotional multimedia clips, validated them with the university students, recorded the neuro-physiological activities and self-assessment ratings for these stimuli. Participants localized their emotional feelings (in time) and were free to choose the best emotion for describing their feelings with minimum distractions and cognitive load. The obtained electrophysiological and self-assessment responses were analyzed with functional connectivity, machine learning and source localization techniques. We observed that the connectivity patterns in the theta and beta band could differentiate emotions better. Using machine learning, we observed that the classification of affective self-assessment features, namely dominance, familiarity, and self-relevance, involves midline brain regions responsible for mentalization and event construction activity compared to valence and arousal, which were mainly associated with lateral brain regions. This finding advocates the need for more than two dimensions for emotion representation. In addition, the channels with high predictability were source localized to the brain regions in default-mode, sensorimotor and salience networks. Hence, in this naturalistic study, we find that the domain-general systems contribute to emotion construction.
A Calcium/Palmitoylation Switch Interfaces the Signaling Networks of Stress Response and Transition to Flowering
Authors: Park Hee Jin , Gamez-Arjona Francisco , Lindahl Marika , Aman Rashid , Villalta Irene , Carranco Raul , Lim Chae Jin , García Elena , Bressan Ray A. , Lee Sang Yeol , Sánchez-Rodríguez Clara , Pardo Jose M , Kim Woe-Yeon , Quintero Francisco J. , Yun Dae-Jin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe precise timing of flowering in adverse environments is critical for plants to secure reproductive success. We report a novel mechanism controlling the time of flowering by which the palmitoylation-dependent nuclear import of protein SOS3/CBL4, a Ca2+-signaling intermediary in the plant response to salinity, results in the selective stabilization of the flowering time regulator GIGANTEA inside the nucleus under salt stress, while degradation of GIGANTEA in the cytosol releases the protein kinase SOS2 to achieve salt tolerance. S-acylation of SOS3 was critical for its nuclear localization and the promotion of flowering, but dispensable for salt tolerance. SOS3 interacted with the photoperiodic flowering components GIGANTEA and FKF1 on the CONSTANS gene promoter to sustain the transcription of CO and FT under salinity. Thus, SOS3 acts as a Ca2+- and palmitoylation-dependent molecular switch that fine-tunes flowering in a saline environment through the shared spatial separation and selective stabilization of GIGANTEA. The SOS3 protein connects two signaling networks to co-regulate stress adaptation and time of flowering.Short summaryS-acylation promoted the nuclear import of SOS3/CBL4 for the selective stabilization of the photoperiodic floral regulator GIGANTEA to fine-tune flowering time in a saline environment. Spatial separation of SOS3 acts as a molecular switch co-regulating stress adaptation and time of flowering.
Research on the stress corrosion and cathodic protection of API X80 steel under AC stray current interference
Authors: Guo Yanbao , Liu Zhenyuan , Huang Hui , Wang Deguo , He Renyang 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The corrosion of buried steel pipelines is becoming more serious because of stress corrosion, stray current corrosion and other reasons. This paper aims to study the various alternating current (AC) interference densities on the stress corrosion cracking behaviors of X80 steel samples under cathodic protection (CP) in the simulated soil electrolyte environment by using an electrochemical method.

Design/methodology/approach
The change of corrosion rate and surface morphology of the X80 steel samples at various AC current densities from 0 to 150 A/m2 or CP potential between −750 and −1,200 mV in the soil-simulating environment was revealed by the electrochemical methods and slow strain rate testing methods.

Findings
The results revealed that with the increase of interference density, the corrosion potential of the X80 steel samples shifted to the negative side, and the corrosion pitting was observed on the surface of the sample, this may cause a danger of energy leak. Moreover, the corrosion rate was found to follow a corresponding change with the stress–strain curve. Besides, with the introduction of the CP system, the corrosion rate of the X80 steel working electrode decreased at a low cathodic potential, while showed an opposite behavior at high cathodic potential. In this study, the correlation between AC stray current, cathodic potential and stress was established, which is beneficial to the protection of oil and gas pipeline.

Originality/value
Investigation results are of benefit to provide a new CP strategy under the interference of AC stray current corrosion and stress corrosion to reduce the corrosion rate of buried pipelines and improve the safety of pipeline transportation.
Influence of micro-nano surface texture on the hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of a Ti6Al4V alloy surface
Authors: Xu Bochun , Zou Nan , Jia Yunhao , Feng Chao , Bu Jiajia , Yan Yu , Xing Zhipeng 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of micro-nano surface texture on the corrosion resistance of a titanium alloy and investigate the correlation between corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity.

Design/methodology/approach
The surface of the Ti6Al4V alloy was modified by laser processing and anodizing to fabricate micro-pits, nanotubes and micro-nano surface textures. Afterward, the surface morphology, hydrophobicity and polarization curve of the samples were analyzed by cold field scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurement instruments and a multi-channel electrochemical workstation.

Findings
The micro-nano surface texture can enhance the hydrophobicity of the Ti6Al4V surface, which may lead to better drag reduction to ease the friction of implants in vivo. Nevertheless, no correlation existed between surface hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance; the corrosion resistance of samples with nanotubes and high-density samples with micro-nano surface texture was extremely enhanced, indicating the similar corrosion resistance of the two.

Research limitations/implications
The mechanism of micro-dimples on the corrosion resistance of the micro-nano surface texture was not studied.

Practical implications
The density of micro-pits needs to be optimized to guarantee excellent corrosion resistance in the design of the micro-nano surface texture; otherwise, it will not fulfill the requirement of surface modification.

Originality/value
The influence of the micro-nano surface texture on the corrosion resistance, as well as the relationship between hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy surface, were systematically investigated for the first time. These conclusions offer new knowledge.