bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performing Calcitonin Immunocytochemistry on an Additional ThinPrep Slide in Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad , Abi-Raad Rita , Fu Liying , Holt Elizabeth H , Adeniran Adebowale J , Cai Guoping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study reviewed the institutional experience of performing calcitonin immunostain on an additional ThinPrep slide in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Methods
Thyroid FNA cases with MTC suspected or included in the differential diagnosis during cytologic evaluation and calcitonin immunostain performed were retrieved and reviewed.

Results
Calcitonin immunostain was performed in 132 cases with 41 positive, 81 negative, and 10 indeterminate results. All calcitonin-positive cases had a cytologic diagnosis of MTC while all calcitonin-negative cases were cytologically classified as non-MTCs except for two cases suspicious for MTC. In 10 cases with an indeterminate calcitonin result, diagnoses of non-MTC and suspicious for MTC were rendered in 6 and 4 cases, respectively. Histopathologic follow-up was available in 85 (64%) cases. All cytologically diagnosed MTC cases were confirmed on histopathology. In 3 MTC cases with an indeterminate calcitonin result, 1 case was misclassified cytologically as follicular neoplasm. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of calcitonin immunostain were all 100% for diagnosing MTC.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the feasibility of performing calcitonin immunostain on an additional ThinPrep slide. Calcitonin immunocytochemistry is a valuable adjunct test for FNA diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MTC.
Nonhormone-Related Histologic Findings in Postsurgical Pathology Specimens From Transgender Persons
Authors: Kakadekar Archan , Greene Dina N , Schmidt Robert L , Khalifa Mahmoud A , Andrews Alicia R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this review is to characterize the literature addressing postprocedural complications in persons undergoing gender-affirming surgeries.

Methods
A literature search using the OVID MEDLINE and PubMed databases was performed to identify all studies describing histologic findings in surgical pathology specimens from transgender persons from 1946 to April 2021. The studies describing postsurgical complications were categorized based on anatomic site, type of complication, study design, publication region, and date.

Results
Thirty-nine studies describing postsurgical complications in transgender women were identified. The most common sites of postprocedural pathology included the breasts and neovagina, with additional studies including buttocks and thighs, cutaneous sites, and the pulmonary system. Most of the literature comprised case reports, followed by case series and comparative studies. The search did not identify any studies of complications secondary to masculinizing surgeries.

Conclusions
This body of literature is small but growing. Most studies are case reports. There are significant gaps in the literature. The literature in this area is not yet mature enough to support a meta-analysis.
De novo generation of dual-target ligands using adversarial training and reinforcement learning
Authors: Lu Fengqing , Li Mufei , Min Xiaoping , Li Chunyan , Zeng Xiangxiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence, such as deep generative methods, represents a promising solution to de novo design of molecules with the desired properties. However, generating new molecules with biological activities toward two specific targets remains an extremely difficult challenge. In this work, we conceive a novel computational framework, herein called dual-target ligand generative network (DLGN), for the de novo generation of bioactive molecules toward two given objectives. Via adversarial training and reinforcement learning, DLGN treats a sequence-based simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) generator as a stochastic policy for exploring chemical spaces. Two discriminators are then used to encourage the generation of molecules that belong to the intersection of two bioactive-compound distributions. In a case study, we employ our methods to design a library of dual-target ligands targeting dopamine receptor D2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A as new antipsychotics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can generate novel compounds with high similarity to both bioactive datasets in several structure-based metrics. Our model exhibits a performance comparable to that of various state-of-the-art multi-objective molecule generation models. We envision that this framework will become a generally applicable approach for designing dual-target drugs in silico.
Learning embedding features based on multisense-scaled attention architecture to improve the predictive performance of anticancer peptides
Authors: He Wenjia , Wang Yu , Cui Lizhen , Su Ran , Wei Leyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Anticancer peptides (ACPs) have recently emerged as effective anticancer drugs in cancer therapy. Machine learning-based predictors have been developed to identify ACPs and achieve satisfactory performance. However, existing methods suffer from experience-based feature engineering, which not only restricts the representation ability of the models to a certain extent but also lacks adaptivity for different data, limiting the further improvement of the predictive performance and impacting the robustness of the predictive models. To alleviate the above problems, we propose a novel deep-learning-based predictor named ACPred-LAF, in which we propose a novel multisense and multiscaled embedding algorithm to automatically learn and extract context sequential characteristics of ACPs.

Results
Through the feature comparative analysis, we demonstrate that our learnable and self-adaptive embedding features are better than hand-crafted features in capturing discriminative information, which can effectively benefit the performance improvement for ACP prediction. In addition, benchmarking comparison results demonstrate that our ACPred-LAF outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both on existing benchmark datasets and our newly constructed dataset. Furthermore, we also prove and validate the robustness of the model via the data interference experiment. To avoid potential evaluation bias, here, we construct a new ACP benchmark dataset named ACP-Mixed by integrating existing datasets. We expect our newly constructed dataset to be a golden standard benchmark dataset in this field. To facilitate the use of our model, we develop a web server as the implementation of ACPred-LAF.

Availability and implementation
Our proposed ACPred-LAF, newly constructed benchmark dataset ACP-Mixed are open source collaborative initiatives available in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/TearsWaiting/ACPred-LAF). Besides, a webserver as the implementation of ACPred-LAF that can be accessed via: http://server.malab.cn/ACPred-LAF.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rewilding the Sea with Domesticated Seagrass
Authors: van Katwijk Marieke M , van Tussenbroek Brigitta I , Hanssen Steef V , Hendriks A Jan , Hanssen Lucien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is well known that seagrass meadows sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, protect coasts, provide nurseries for global fisheries, and enhance biodiversity. Large-scale restoration of lost seagrass meadows is urgently needed to revive these planetary ecosystem services, but sourcing donor material from natural meadows would further decline them. Therefore, we advocate the domestication and mariculture of seagrasses in order to produce the large quantities of seed needed for successful rewilding of the sea with seagrass meadows. We provide a roadmap for our proposed solution and show that 44% of seagrass species have promising reproductive traits for domestication and rewilding by seeds. The principle of partially domesticating species to enable subsequent large-scale rewilding may form a successful shortcut to restore threatened keystone species and their vital ecosystem services.
Females prefer males producing a high-rate song with shorter timbal–stridulatory sound intervals in a cicada species
Authors: Hou Zehai , Liu Yunxiang , Wei Songshan , Wei Cong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Uncovering mate choice and factors that lead to the choice are very important to understanding sexual selection in evolutionary change. Cicadas are known for their loud sounds produced by males using the timbals. However, males in certain cicada species emit 2 kinds of sounds using respectively timbals and stridulatory organs, and females may produce their own sounds to respond to males. What has never been considered is the mate choice in such cicada species. Here, we investigate the sexual selection and potential impact of predation pressure on mate choice in the cicada Subpsaltria yangi Chen. It possesses stridulatory sound-producing organs in both sexes in addition to the timbals in males. Results show that males producing calling songs with shorter timbal–stridulatory sound intervals and a higher call rate achieved greater mating success. No morphological traits were found to be correlated with mating success in both sexes, suggesting neither males nor females display mate preference for the opposite sex based on morphological traits. Males do not discriminate among responding females during mate searching, which may be due to the high energy costs associated with their unusual mate-seeking activity and the male-biased predation pressure. Females generally mate once but a minority of them re-mated after oviposition which, combined with the desirable acoustic traits of males, suggest females may maximize their reproductive success by choosing a high-quality male in the first place. This study contributes to our understanding mechanisms of sexual selection in cicadas and other insects suffering selective pressure from predators.
Case report: Dobutamine stress intracoronary physiology and imaging to examine the functional and dynamic properties of an apparent malignant intra-arterial right coronary artery
Authors: vanGorsel B , Voskuil M , Ijsselmuiden A J J , Meuwissen M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
We present a case concerning a 64-year-old female with complaints of palpitations, chest pain, and an anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) from the opposite sinus (R-ACAOS) with a suspected malignant trajectory on computed tomography. She was referred to our clinic for a second opinion to re-assess the suggested treatment of coronary surgery.

Case summary
A coronary angiogram was performed demonstrating a RCA with a tapered ostium typical for an inter-arterial course. Dobutamine and adenosine stress test during simultaneous intracoronary flow, pressure, and ultrasound assessment, was performed to determine the functional significance. After 120 mcg adenosine, intracoronary baseline flow velocity increased from 14 cm/s to a peak flow velocity of 37 cm/s, demonstrating a sufficient coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) of 2.6. No intracoronary pressure drop during maximal hyperaemia was found. After maximum dobutamine stress, CFVR was measured 2.5. Fractional flow reserve measured 0.99. Cross-sectional area measurement through intravascular ultrasound demonstrated a diameter reduction from 14.6 mm2 to 8.5 mm2. Therefore, we concluded this aberrant trajectory was not of any functional relevance and should be considered non-malignant.

Discussion
There are several anatomic coronary anomalies which may contribute to coronary compression during exercise and are therefore correlated with sudden cardiac death. Right coronary artery from the opposite sinus is correlated with a low mortality rate of 0.2% in comparison to left-ACAOS at 6.3% over 20 years in participants of competitive sport. Therefore, strong evidence of ischaemia must be present before opting for surgery. Our pragmatic approach provided in our opinion enough evidence for a conservative treatment strategy.
Variation in incidence, prevention and treatment of persistent air leak after lung cancer surgery
Authors: Hoeijmakers Fieke , Hartemink Koen J , Verhagen Ad F , Steup Willem H , Marra Elske , Röell W F Boudewijn , Heineman David J , Schreurs Wilhelmina H , Tollenaar Rob A E M , Wouters Michel W J M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Persistent air leak (PAL; &gt;5 days after surgery) is the most common complication after pulmonary resection and associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity. Literature is contradictory about the prevention and treatment of PAL. Variation is therefore hypothesized. The aim of this study is to understand the variation in the incidence, preventive management and treatment of PAL.

METHODS
Data from the Dutch Lung Cancer Audit for Surgery were combined with results of an online survey among Dutch thoracic surgeons. The national incidence of PAL and case-mix corrected between-hospital variation were calculated in patients who underwent an oncological (bi)lobectomy or segmentectomy between January 2012 and December 2018. By multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with PAL were assessed. A survey was designed to assess variation in (preventive) management and analysed using descriptive statistics. Hospital-level associations between management strategies and PAL were assessed by univariable linear regression.

RESULTS
Of 12 382 included patients, 9.0% had PAL, with a between-hospital range of 2.6–19.3%. Factors associated with PAL were male sex, poor lung function, low body mass index, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, pulmonary comorbidity, upper lobe resection, (bi)lobectomy (vs segmentectomy), right-sided tumour and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery. Perioperative (preventive) management of PAL differed widely between hospitals. When using water seal compared to suction drainage, the average incidence of PAL decreased 2.9%.

CONCLUSIONS
In the Netherlands, incidence and perioperative (preventive) management of PAL vary widely. Using water seal instead of suction drainage and increasing awareness are potential measures to reduce this variation.
Does Contact with Foreigners Reduce Worries about Immigration? A Longitudinal Analysis in Germany
Authors: Khalil Samir , Naumann Elias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines how contact with perceived foreigners affects natives’ attitudes towards immigration. Using six waves of individual level panel data from Germany (2007–2017), we find that natives’ reported mutual visits with foreigners reduce worries about immigration. However, the results do not imply an increase in this effect in the course of repeated contact. Our analyses also consider the possibility that the effect of out-group contact on attitudes is heterogeneous across social groups. Our results show that contact effects are not restricted to younger age groups but also hold for older age groups. Surprisingly, there are stronger reductions in worries among right-leaning compared to left-leaning individuals.
Pharmacotherapy interventions for adolescent co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Scott Kelli , Becker Sara J , Helseth Sarah A , Saldanha Ian J , Balk Ethan M , Adam Gaelen P , Konnyu Kristin J , Steele Dale W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Co-occurring mental health and substance use (SU) disorders among adolescents are common, with two-thirds of adolescents who seek SU treatment also requiring support for mental health. Primary care physicians play a key role in the pharmacological treatment of mental health disorders among adolescents, however, little is known about the impact of these treatments on SU outcomes.

Objectives
This systematic review summarizes the evidence regarding commonly used pharmacotherapy interventions for mental health and their impact on adolescent SU.

Methods
Literature searches were conducted across five databases as part of a larger systematic review of adolescent SU interventions. Studies were screened for eligibility by two researchers, and study data were extracted regarding study design, patient and treatment characteristics and results. Risk of bias analyses and qualitative syntheses were completed to evaluate the strength of the evidence and the impact of pharmacotherapy on SU outcomes.

Results
Ten randomized controlled trials exploring seven pharmacotherapies met criteria for inclusion. All studies had low to moderate risk of bias. Four studies evaluated pharmacotherapy for co-occurring depression and SU, three evaluated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and SU, and three evaluated bipolar disorder and SU. Five of the 10 studies also included a behavioural intervention. We found no evidence that pharmacotherapy for co-occurring mental health diagnoses impacted SU.

Conclusion
Family medicine clinicians prescribing pharmacotherapy for mental health should be aware that additional interventions will likely be needed to address co-occurring SU.
The role of MfsR, a TetR-type transcriptional regulator, in adaptive protection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia against benzalkonium chloride via the regulation of mfsQ
Authors: Chittrakanwong Jurairat , Charoenlap Nisanart , Vanitshavit Veerakit , Sowatad Apinya , Mongkolsuk Skorn , Vattanaviboon Paiboon 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
A gene encoding the TetR-type transcriptional regulator mfsR is located immediately downstream of mfsQ and is transcribed in the same transcriptional unit. mfsQ encodes a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux transporter contributing to the resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia towards disinfectants belonging to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), which include benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MfsR is closely related to CgmR, a QAC-responsive transcriptional regulator belonging to the TetR family. MfsR regulated the expression of the mfsQR operon in a QAC-inducible manner. The constitutively high transcript level of mfsQ in an mfsR mutant indicated that MfsR functions as a transcriptional repressor of the mfsQR operon. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that purified MfsR specifically bound to the putative promoter region of mfsQR, and in vitro treatments with QACs led to the release of MfsR from binding complexes. DNase I protection assays revealed that the MfsR binding box comprises inverted palindromic sequences located between motifs −35 and −10 of the putative mfsQR promoter. BAC-induced adaptive protection was abolished in the mfsR mutant and was restored in the complemented mutant. Overall, MfsR is a QACs-sensing regulator that controls the expression of mfsQ. In the absence of QACs, MfsR binds to the box located in the mfsQR promoter and represses its transcription. The presence of QACs derepresses MfsR activity, allowing RNA polymerase binding and transcription of mfsQR. This MfsR-MsfQ system enables S. maltophilia to withstand high levels of QACs.
Cognitive Dispersion Predicts Grip Strength Trajectories in Men but not Women in a Sample of the Oldest Old Without Dementia
Authors: Watermeyer Tamlyn , Massa Fernando , Goerdten Jantje , Stirland Lucy , Johansson Boo , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis, there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cutoff points or mean cognitive performance. In the present study, we examine whether a measure of cognitive dispersion might be more informative. We therefore used an index that quantifies dispersion in cognitive scores across multiple cognitive tests, shown to be associated with detrimental outcomes in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Using repeated grip strength measures from men and women aged 80 and older, free of dementia in the OCTO-Twin study, we estimated aging-related grip strength trajectories. We examined the association of cognitive dispersion and mean cognitive function with grip strength level and aging-related rate of change, accounting for known risk factors.

Results
Cognitive dispersion was associated with grip strength trajectories in men and the association varied by mean cognitive performance, whereas we found no association in women.

Discussion and Implications
Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific vitality association between cognitive dispersion and aging-related trajectories of grip strength. Our results support the call for integration of sex and gender in health promotion and intervention research.
Colorectal Strictures in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Do Not Independently Predict Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Axelrad Jordan E , Faye Adam , Slaughter James C , Harpaz Noam , Itzkowitz Steven H , Shah Shailja C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Colorectal strictures have been considered independent risk factors for neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the association between colorectal stricture and subsequent risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in patients with IBD colitis undergoing colonoscopic surveillance.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with IBD colitis enrolled in colonoscopic surveillance for CRN at an academic medical center between 2005 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were IBD involving the colon for ≥8 years (or any duration with primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC]) undergoing surveillance. Exclusion criteria were advanced CRN (ACRN; colorectal cancer [CRC] or high-grade dysplasia [HGD]) prior to or at enrollment, prior colectomy, or limited (&lt;30%) disease extent or proctitis. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis estimated the association between colorectal stricture on the index colonoscopy and ACRN, CRN (indefinite dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, HGD, CRC), or colectomy.

Results
Among 789 patients with IBD undergoing CRC surveillance, 72 (9%; 70 with Crohn’s colitis) had a colorectal stricture on index colonoscopy. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ACRN or requirement for colectomy between patients with vs without a colorectal stricture (P &gt; .05). Colorectal stricture was not associated with subsequent ACRN (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.41; 95% CI, 0.49–4.07), CRN (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.51–2.58), or colectomy (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.65–1.84).

Conclusions
In this analysis of patients with IBD colitis undergoing CRN surveillance, the presence of a colorectal stricture was not independently associated with risk of ACRN or colectomy. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, particularly in patients with ulcerative colitis–associated colorectal stricture.
Mabuchi Solitons and Relative Ding Stability of Toric Fano Varieties
Authors: Yao Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a generalization of Kähler–Einstein metrics for Fano manifolds with nonvanishing Futaki invariant, Mabuchi solitons are critical points of a Calabi-type energy functional. We study their existence on toric Fano varieties and the underlying algebraic stability notion: relative Ding stability. As a toy model for a YTD type correspondence, a new feature is the emergence of a nonuniformly stable case. We show a partial coercivity for the modified Ding functionals in this case and obtain singular Mabuchi solitons via a variational approach. In the unstable case, we determine the maximal destabilizer, which is a simple convex function over the moment polytope, and establish a moment–weight equality that connects the infimum of a Calabi-type energy and the Berman–Ding invariant.