bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction Effect of Mode of Illustration and Colour Preference on Pupils’ Achievement in Phonics
Authors: Ibenegbu Christopher Ifeanyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study investigated the interaction effect of mode of illustration and colour preference on pupils’ achievement in phonics in Nnobi in Idemili South Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study employed a non-equivalent quasi‐experimental 2 x 3 factorial research design. Some 167primary two pupils from 4 schools were used for the study. The English Achievement Test (EAT) was used to collect data. Three hypotheses were tested. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant main effect for the mode of illustration on pupils’ achievement in phonics F(1,165) = 123.221, p = .000; there was a significant main effect of colour preference on pupils’ achievement in phonics F (2,165) = 55.198, p = 000; and there was a significant interaction effect of illustration and colour preference on pupils’ achievement in phonics F (2,165) = 7.593, p = .001. Because the children-generated illustrations were more effective in teaching phonics and enhancing pupils achievement in phonics, the Ministries of Education should ensure that textbook author incorporate children-generated illustrations in the instructional materials for pupils in primary schools. These materials should be rendered in pupils most preferred colours.
An Imbalance Between RAGE/MR/HMGB1 and ATP1α3 is Associated with Inflammatory Changes in Rat Brain Harboring Cerebral Aneurysms Prone to Rupture
Authors: Shikata Eiji , Miyamoto Takeshi , Yamaguchi Tadashi , Yamaguchi Izumi , Kagusa Hiroshi , Gotoh Daiki , Shimada Kenji , Tada Yoshiteru , Yagi Kenji , Kitazato Keiko T. , Kanematsu Yasuhisa , Takagi Yasushi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose: An aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating event. To establish an effective therapeutic strategy, its pathogenesis must be clarified, particularly the pathophysiology of brain harboring intracranial aneurysms (IAs). To elucidate the pathology in brain harboring IAs, we examined the significance of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway and Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1α3).Methods: Ten-week-old female rats were subjected to oophorectomy as well as hypertension and hemodynamic changes to induce IAs, and were fed a high-salt diet. Brain damage in these rats was assessed by inflammatory changes in comparison to sham-operated rats fed a standard diet.Results: Six weeks after IA induction (n = 30), irregular morphological changes, i.e., an enlarged vessel diameter and vascular wall, were observed in all of the left posterior cerebral arteries (Lt PCAs) prone to rupture. Approximately 20% of rats had ruptured IAs within 6 weeks. In brain harboring unruptured IAs at the PCA, the mRNA levels of RAGE and MR were higher, and that of ATP1α3 was lower than those in the sham-operated rats (p < 0.05, each). Immunohistochemically, elevated expression of RAGE and MR, and decreased expression of ATP1α3 were observed in the brain parenchyma adjacent to the Lt PCA, resulting in increased Iba-1 and S100B expression that reflected the inflammatory changes. There was no difference between the unruptured and ruptured aneurysm rat groups. Treatment with the MR antagonist esaxerenone abrogated these changes, and led to cerebral and vascular normalization and prolonged subarachnoid hemorrhage-free survival (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Regulation of the imbalance between the RAGE/MR pathway and ATP1α3 may help attenuate the damage in brain harboring IAs, and further studies are warranted to clarify the significance of the down-regulation of the MR/RAGE pathway and the up-regulation of ATP1α3 for attenuating the pathological changes in brain harboring IAs.
The Hyaluronan-Related Genes HAS2, HYAL1-5, HYALP1 are Associated with Prognosis, Cell Viability and Spheroid Formation Capacity in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Riecks Jette , Győrffy Balázs , Kiesel Ludwig , Passi Alberto , Vigetti Davide , Götte Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Hyaluronan modulates tumor progression, including cell adhesion, cohesion, proliferation and invasion, and the cancer stem cell phenotype. In ovarian cancer, high levels of stromal hyaluronan are associated with poor prognosis. In this work hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidases (HYAL1-5, HYALP1) were examined with regard to different levels of gene expression and its influence on ovarian cancer patients survival. The impact of a siRNA depletion of hyaluronic acid synthase HAS2 was investigated in vitro.Methods: Using the Kaplan Meier Plotter tool, we investigated the influence of hyaluronic synthesis enzymes on the survival of a collective of 1435 ovarian cancer patients. We studied SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells subjected to HAS2 siRNA or control siRNA treatment in terms of HAS1-3, HYAL2 and HYAL3 mRNA expression. We investigated the ability to form spheroids using the Hanging Drop method and the response to chemotherapy at different concentrations using the MTT Assay. By String analysis, interactions within the enzymes of the hyaluronic acid system and with binding partners were visualized. Results: HAS2 improves cell viability, the capability to form tumor spheroids and has a negative prognostic value regarding overall survival. Lower HAS2 expression and high expression of HYAL2 and HYAL3 favours the survival of ovarian cancer patients. HAS2 knockdown cells and control cells showed a moderate response to in vitro chemotherapy with Taxol, Cisplatin and combinatorial treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion our study shows that the hyaluronic acid system has a relevant influence on the survival of ovarian cancer patients and could therefore be considered as a possible prognostic factor.
Higher Long-term Visit-to-Visit Variability in Fasting Plasma Glucose Predicts New-Onset Heart Failure in the General Population
Authors: Wang Yueying , Qi Wenwei , Zhang Nan , Tse Gary , Li Guangping , Wu Shouling , Liu Tong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested an adverse association between higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) and heart failure. However, FBG values fluctuate continuously over time, the association between FBG variability and the risk of heart failure is uncertain.Aims: We investigated the relationship between visit-to-visit variability in FBG and the risk of new-onset heart failure.Methods and Results: This was a population-based cohort study using the Kailuan dataset, which comprises of medical claims and a biennially health checkup information from a Chinese cohort. A total of 98 554 individuals (mean age: 53.63 years) who had at least two health checkups with FBG measurement between 2006 and 2012 without preexisting heart failure were included. FBG variability was calculated using the variability independent of the mean, coefficient of variation, standard deviation, and average successive variability (ARV). Participants were divided into quartiles of ARV. Cox regression was used to identify heart failure. Over a mean follow-up of 6.27 years, 1218 individuals developed heart failure. The incidence of heart failure was 1.97 per 1000 person-years. After adjusting for baseline FBG and other potential confounders, individuals in the highest quartile of the ARV of FBG had 32.6% higher risk of developing heart failure compared to those in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 1.326; 95% confidence interval, 1.120-1.570). This association remained significant in patients with or without prevalent hypertension. In subgroup analyses, individuals who were younger (<65 years), without diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, and with a body mass index<25 kg/m2 experienced a higher risk of heart failure.Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that high FBG variability is independently associated with the development of new-onset heart failure. Future studies should explore whether measures to reduce variability can lead to improve clinical outcomes. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489. Registered on 24-08-2011.
Biomedical Applications Of Novel Green Biomaterial Synthesized From Endophytic Bacteria Cronobacter Sakazakii
Authors: M Love Edet , S Hemalatha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Endophytic bacteria from the flower of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis was isolated and identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. The supernatant of the biomass of this endophyte was utilized for biomaterial synthesis which was confirmed by a change in colour and characterized by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, Zeta potential and DLS. The antibacterial efficacy of the biomaterial against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was determined via agar well diffusion, MIC, MBC and biofilm formation assays. The antioxidant and anti-arthritic assays were also performed. The result reveals antibacterial effect of biomaterial against the multi-drug-resistant E. coli, S. aureus and K. pneumonia strains. This report is the first to reveal the isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from the flower of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, alongside its biomaterial synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications. Our result implies that the synthesized biomaterial can be utilized as an effective antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-arthritic agent and can be incorporated in pharmaceutical formulation for drug development.
Urinary Cotinine-Verified Smoking Status and Serum Lipid Profiles and Lipid Ratios in Korean Older Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nam Myung Ji , Lee Chung-woo , Kim Hyunjin , Yoo Ji Won , Lee Kyu Na , Han Kyungdo , Jung Jin-Hyung , Park Yong-Gyu , Kim Do-Hoon , Park Joo-Hyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Serum lipid profile is an important factor in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking is considered to affect serum lipid levels adversely by altering lipid metabolism. Although traditional lipid profiles are important in patient evaluation for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease, the clinical significance of lipid ratios has recently gained attention as well. We aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and serum lipid profiles and ratios in Korean older adults.METHODS: This cross‐sectional analysis used a nationally representative sample from the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In total, 4,349 participants aged ≥60 years with urine cotinine values were included. The outcome was a comparison of unfavorable lipid profiles/ratios in respect to urine cotinine-verified smoking status (urine cotinine level ≥50 ng/mL), and quantification of the associations between smoking and unfavorable lipid profiles/ratios using multivariable logistic regression analyses. In our analyses, the lowest quartile (Q1) of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the highest quartile (Q4) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), and their ratios (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C) were considered as unfavorable.Results: The percentages of unfavorable lipid profiles/ratios except for serum TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in the urine cotinine-verified smoker group. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of urine cotinine-verified smokers for the Q1 of HDL-C and for the Q4 of TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C were 1.67 (95% CI: 1.29–2.17) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.14–1.96), 1.50 (95% CI: 1.14–1.97), 1.44 (95% CI: 1.10–1.89), and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.35–2.28), respectively.Conclusion: Urine cotinine-verified smoking status was significantly associated with unfavorable serum lipid profiles/ratios in Korean older adults.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Community Pharmacy in Gondar Town, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Zimamu Libsuye Yalgaw , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Wubet Gashaw Mehiret 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Drugs can treat diseases, reduce symptoms, and enhance patients’ health and quality of life. However, taking a drug is not always as easy as just swallowing a pill. This is because drugs have some unwanted effects. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and contribute to excessive health care costs. Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care providers on adverse drug reporting among community pharmacists, Gondar, Ethiopia Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study designs were used from July - August 2021. The sampling method was a survey from community pharmacists. Self-administered questioner was used, and the collected data was entered into Epi-info Version 7.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Result: The study included 215 community pharmacy professionals to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adverse drug reaction reporting. From a total of 215 community pharmacy professionals, 34 (15.8%) of the respondents were able to differentiate ADR from side effects and only 56(26%) respondents felt that they are adequately trained in ADR reporting. Out of 215 respondents, 78(36.3%) and 146(67.9%) knew the availability of the national reporting system and ADR reporting form in Ethiopia respectively. The study revealed that 21.4% [95% CI: 18.6-35.9] and 42.3% [95% CI: 38.2-65.9] of community pharmacists have poor knowledge and negative attitude towards ADR reporting respectively. Conclusion: Underreporting of ADR by community pharmacists was identified in this study. Training sessions to clarify the role of various community pharmacists in ADR reporting will hopefully fill the observed gap in knowledge and practices. The community pharmacy should formulate strategies to enhance the detection and reporting of ADRs.
Two Novel Heterozygote Mutations of ATM in a Chinese Family with Dystonia-Dominant Ataxia Telangiectasia and Literatures Review
Authors: Liu Zhijun , You Ming-Feng , Wang Ya-Ling , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder with high clinical heterogeneity. A-T may present in complicated variable forms, mainly including classic A-T and milder forms. Contrary to the classic A-T, the milder form does not present the cardinal features of A-T, including ataxia and telangiectasia. A few ATM mutations have been reported in variant A-T cases manifested as isolated dystonia without any signs of classical A-T. To date, more than 400 disease-related ATM mutations have been identified in patients with A-T. In this study, target exome-sequencing was performed in an AT pedigree with predominant dystonia. Two novel ATM mutations, p.I2683T and p.S2860P, were identified in the family. We then reviewed previously published literatures of genetically confirmed A-T cases with predominant dystonia and summarized the clinical characteristics of dystonia-dominant A-T. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A-T patient with predominant dystonia in China. Dystonia may appear as one of the predominant manifestations or initial symptom of A-T. ATM genetic testing should be early considered for those patients with predominant dystonia, despite without accompanying ataxia or telangiectasia.
Health Information and Monitoring of Sexually Transmitted Infections (SIM Study): a Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for Enhancing Adherence to Syphilis Treatment and Follow-up
Authors: Wendland Eliana Marcia Ros , de Oliveira Vanessa M. , Souza Flavia , Pereira Gerson , Gerbase Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Syphilis has recently resurfaced as a significant public health problem. Since the 2000s, isolated syphilis outbreaks have increasingly occurred in North America, Europe, and Australia; in Brazil, there have been progressive increases in both congenital and acquired syphilis. There are several possible explanations, such as misdiagnosis of acquired syphilis, which could increase the number of untreated transmitters in the population; failure to initiate or complete treatment; and nontreatment of sexual partners (leading to reinfection). Mobile technologies have been successfully used to promote behaviour changes and can positively impact treatment and follow-up adherence in patients with infectious diseases. The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate treatment and monitoring methods in patients with syphilis, including follow-up by telephone, via a game in a smartphone app and at public health centres.Methods: The SIM study is a single-centre, randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up period. The aim is to identify the most effective method of follow-up regarding patient compliance with treatment. The tests will be performed in a mobile unit in easily accessible locations. The goal is to perform 10,000 rapid tests for syphilis. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis according to VDRL tests will be randomized to one of three arms: telephone, smartphone game, or conventional in-person follow-up. All analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle.Conclusion: If we find differences in effectiveness, a major change in the conventional approach for this patient population may be needed, potentially affecting current Brazilian health policy strategies.
Formation of the modern paradigm of countering gender-based violence in the activities of international organizations
Authors: Rufanova Viktoriia Mykolaivna 
Published: December 2021

The author conducted a retrospective review of the activities of international organizations through the prism of their role in forming the legislative foundation for combating gender-based violence. It is noted that for the first time at the international level the norm of equality of all people was enshrined in Art. 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. An important step towards combating gender-based violence was the signing in 2011 of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. The Istanbul Convention visualizes the issue of gender-based violence. It has been determined that women and girls are increasingly exposed to severe forms of violence, such as domestic violence, sexual harassment, rape, forced marriage, crimes committed in the name of so-called "honor", and genital mutilation, which constitutes a significant violation of human rights. for women and girls and is a major obstacle to achieving equality between women and men.
The author singles out three conditional periods of formation of the modern paradigm of counteraction to gender - based violence in the activity of international organizations: 1) 1945 - 1974. The basic foundations of gender equality are laid at the level of the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Combating gender-based violence was not considered through the prism of sex discrimination. The activities of the world community were aimed primarily at combating discrimination against women in the political, socio-economic and cultural spheres of society. 2) 1975-2010.During this period, all 4 World Conferences on the Status of Women were held. In 1979, the General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Articles 30 of the Convention clearly define discrimination against women and propose an agenda for action at the national level to end such discrimination. The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, adopted by the General Assembly in 1993, contains a definition of violence against women. 3) 2011 - to the present time. This period covers the process of realizing the scale of the spread of gender-based violence. A key event of this period was the adoption in 2011 of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Activation of the world community to intensify the fight against gender-based violence. Adoption of sustainable development goals, in which gender equality is recognized as the general idea (Goal 5) and condition of sustainable development.
THEOLOGICAL BASIS OF PRINCIPLES OF HYGIENE ANDAPPEARANCE OF MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH OF SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS
Authors: Kuryliak Valentyna 
Published: December 2021

The religious and theological basis of the components of the teachings of a healthy lifestyle of members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, namely the principles of hygiene and appearance of the faithful of this denomination, are analyzed.
The purpose of the article is to determine the theological basis of the principles of hygiene and appearance of the faithful of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The peculiarities of the Adventists' interpretation of the Holy Scriptures regarding the application of the Old Testament hygienic instructions in the conditions of modern realities are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on a number of principles in Adventism regarding the contents of a Christian's wardrobe. It is highlighted that from the Adventist point of view, it is the clothing and appearance of a person that is an important indicator of a Christian character and a silent testimony to the values ​​that a person adheres to. It is emphasized that important in the appearance of a person are gender differences in clothing, which clearly indicates a male or female identity. Emphasis is placed on regular consumption of sufficient water to prevent and improve physical condition, and good health in turn is a reliable basis for the perception of high moral values, including spiritual ones. The analysis of the theological basis of the principles of hygiene and appearance of members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church presents a holistic concept of Adventists, namely: human health is three interrelated components: physical, mental and spiritual. The key thesis of the theological basis in Adventism on hygiene and appearance is the following statement: there is no point in disturbing the Lord's prayers if one ignores the moral principles and laws of hygiene and appearance that are already set forth in the Scriptures and understandable because most diseases is the result of a wrong way of life and a departure from moral and ethical Christian values.
Sistem Keamanan Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Uno R3 Dengan Sensor PIR dan Fingerprint
Authors: Mahfudh Adzhal Arwani , Ramadhani Sahrul , Fathoni Mochammad Ali Ridho 
Published: December 2021

Sistem keamanan ini memanfaatkan teknologi mikro kontroler berupa Arduino Uno R3 sebagai pusat pengendali keamanan , selain itu teknologi keamanan ini dilengkapi dengan sensor Passive Infra Red (PIR) yang diletakkan dalam ruangan serta fingerprint sebagi akses masuk yang telah dirancang untuk mengamankan barang yang ada dalam ruangan, teknologi ini dirancang untuk mengamankan objek dalam ruangan dengan membatasi akses masuk ruangan tersebut melalui teknologi fingerprint sebagai pembuka utama pintu masuk. Sistem keamanan ini dibangun dengan konsep gerbang logika dan bahasa pemrograman C dan C++ serta di lengkapi dengan teknologi pengaman ketika terjadi permasalahan daya listrik.