bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood diversions and bypasses: Benefits and challenges
Authors: Serra‐Llobet Anna , Kondolf George Mathias , Magdaleno Fernando , Keenan‐Jones Duncan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile levees are typically the focus of attention during floods, and higher levees are commonly demanded by the public for flood protection, levees alone cannot manage floods. Flood diversions take water from a flooding river to reduce stage in the main river, diverting excess flow to another location, often providing important ecological functions. Flood diversions are critically important complements to levees in managing floods on the Mississippi and Sacramento rivers, and elsewhere, with early examples going back 3000 years. Diversions range widely in design and function, so we propose a typology: flood bypasses, reconnected floodplains, compound channels, backwaters, distributaries, and inter‐basin transfers. Flood bypasses route floodwaters around critical reaches, rejoining the river downstream; they can be tunnels and hard‐engineered channels or wide areas of floodplain designated to convey flood flows, along a continuum of increasing residence time, greater potential for ecological benefit, but also greater land requirements. Managing the flow split (bifurcation) at the start of the flow diversion can be tricky. The flow split will depend on the angle and elevation difference between main channel and diversion, and can be affected by land subsidence, deposition of sediment, and accumulation of debris in either channel or control structures. One of the greatest challenges is keeping flow paths in the diversion free of development incompatible with inundation, but as these are often private lands and local governments are reluctant to withhold building permits, it has proved difficult to prevent such development, especially when the diversion is active only rarely.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Property Testing on Graphs and Games
Authors: Ito Hiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConstant-time algorithms are powerful tools, since they run by reading only a constant-sized part of each input. Property testing is the most popular research framework for constant-time algorithms. In property testing, an algorithm determines whether a given instance satisfies some predetermined property or is far from satisfying the property with high probability by reading a constant-sized part of the input. A property is said to be testable if there is a constant-time testing algorithm for the property. This chapter covers property testing on graphs and games. The fields of graph algorithms and property testing are two of the main streams of research on discrete algorithms and computational complexity. In the section on graphs in this chapter, we present some important results, particularly on the characterization of testable graph properties. At the end of the section, we show results that we published in 2020 on a complete characterization (necessary and sufficient condition) of testable monotone or hereditary properties in the bounded-degree digraphs. In the section on games, we present results that we published in 2019 showing that the generalized chess, Shogi (Japanese chess), and Xiangqi (Chinese chess) are all testable. We believe that this is the first results for testable EXPTIME-complete problems.
Bosonic η-deformed AdS4 × $$ \mathbb{CP} $$3 background
Authors: Rado Laura , Rivelles Victor O. , Sánchez Renato 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We build the bosonic η-deformed AdS4 × $$ \mathbbm{CP} $$
CP
3 background generated by an r-matrix that satisfies the modified classical Yang-Baxter equation. In a special limit we find that it is the gravity dual of the noncommutative ABJM theory.
Unterschiede der Verletzungsmuster bei Motorradunfällen von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Oezel L. , Jaekel C. , Bieler D. , Stuewe D. , Neubert A. , Lefering R. , Grassmann J. P. , Windolf J. , Thelen S. ,   Sektion Notfall‑, Intensivmedizin und Schwerverletztenversorgung (Sektion NIS) der DGU
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Verkehrsunfälle und ihre Verletzungsfolgen stellen eine häufige traumatische Ursache für das Versterben und für das Auftreten von irreversiblen Schäden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dar. Bei Motorradunfällen unterscheiden sich dabei Verletzungsmuster abhängig vom Patientenalter.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die typischen Verletzungsmuster nach Motorradunfällen im Kindes- und Jugendalter vergleichend zu beschreiben, da diese einen ausschlaggebenden Einfluss auf die Prävention sowie die adäquate Behandlung der jeweiligen Patientengruppen bieten können.

Material und Methoden
In die Studie wurden innerhalb der Jahre 2002–2018 22.923 Patienten aus dem TraumaRegister der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU®) eingeschlossen. Die Auswertung erfolgte in 4 Altersgruppen: Gruppe 1 (4 bis 15 Jahre), Gruppe 2 (16 bis 17 Jahre), Gruppe 3 (18 bis 20 Jahre) sowie Gruppe 4 (21 bis 50 Jahre) als Kontrolle.

Ergebnisse
In Gruppe 2 stellten Extremitätenverletzungen das häufigste Verletzungsmuster dar und traten überwiegend im Bereich der unteren Extremität auf. Zudem ergab die Analyse, dass Gruppe 1 häufiger ein schweres Schädel-Hirn-Trauma erleidet, trotz initial schlechtem Zustand aber ein besseres Outcome aufweist. Thorakale, abdominelle sowie Wirbelsäulen- und Beckenverletzungen kommen bei den jüngeren Altersgruppen seltener vor. Insbesondere stellen Rippenfrakturen eine Rarität bei Kindern dar. In der Diagnostik werden Kinder im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen seltener einer Ganzkörper-CT-Diagnostik zugeführt.

Diskussion
Die Studie deckt altersabhängige Unterschiede in den Verletzungsmustern von Patienten auf, die als Beifahrer oder Fahrer eines Motorrades in einen Unfall involviert waren. Zudem konnten ebenso Unterschiede in der prä- und innerklinischen Versorgung herausgearbeitet werden.
Aktuelle Befunde zur Koinzidenz von zerebraler Amyloidangiopathie und Alzheimer-Erkrankung
Authors: Haußmann R. , Homeyer P. , Donix M. , Linn J. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie zerebrale Amyloidangiopathie (CAA) tritt trotz verschiedener Pathomechanismen häufig koinzident zur Alzheimer-Demenz auf. Sie moduliert kognitive Defizite im Rahmen der Alzheimer-Erkrankung (AD) annehmbar durch additive Effekte, auch wenn die diesbezüglichen Zusammenhänge komplex sind. Die pathophysiologische Gemeinsamkeit beider Erkrankungen besteht in einem gestörten Amyloidmetabolismus, distinkt ist jedoch die pathologische Prozessierung von Amyloidvorläuferproteinen. Die CAA mit ihren verschiedenen Subtypen ist eine pathomechanistisch heterogene Gefäßerkrankung des Gehirns. Vaskuläre und parenchymatöse Amyloidablagerungen kommen gemeinsam, aber auch isoliert und unabhängig voneinander vor. Um den spezifischen Beitrag der CAA zu kognitiven Defiziten im Rahmen der AD zu untersuchen, bedarf es daher geeigneter diagnostischer Methoden, die der Komplexität der histopathologischen bzw. bildmorphologischen Charakteristika der CAA gerecht werden, sowie differenzierender testpsychometrischer Verfahren, anhand derer der Beitrag der CAA zu kognitiven Defiziten deskriptiv erfasst und damit ätiologisch besser zuordenbar wird.
„iFightDepression“ im stationären Setting
Authors: Schwarz Julian , Mauche Nicole , Oehler Caroline , Rummel-Kluge Christine , Hegerl Ulrich , Strauß Maria 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
E‑Mental-Health (EMH) spielt im ambulanten Versorgungssetting depressiver Störungen zunehmend eine Rolle. Ziel dieser Studie war die Implementierung und Evaluierung der Anwendbarkeit und des Nutzens des onlinebasierten Selbstmanagementprogramms „iFightDepression“ (iFD) als Zusatzangebot im Rahmen einer leitliniengerechten Behandlung auf einer Spezialstation für affektive Störungen.

Methodik
Es wurden insgesamt 78 stationäre PatientInnen mit einer unipolaren Depression unterschiedlichen Schweregrades (ICD-10 F32.0‑3, F33.0-3) oder einer Dysthymie (F34) rekrutiert. Die Interventionsdauer mit dem iFD-Tool belief sich vom Zeitpunkt der stationären Aufnahme bis zur Entlassung und wurde vom Stationspersonal begleitet. Die Erhebung der Symptomschwere sowie von Parametern zur Behandlungserwartung und Therapievorerfahrung erfolgte online vor der Intervention (T0), die Interventionszufriedenheit wurde unmittelbar vor der stationären Entlassung (T1) mittels eines Paper-pencil-Fragebogens erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Von den 78 Teilnehmenden loggten sich 42 mindestens einmal in das iFD-Tool ein. Es zeigten sich moderat hohe Erwartungswerte sowie leicht überdurchschnittliche Zufriedenheitswerte bezüglich der Behandlung. 67 % der aktiven NutzerInnen gaben an, das iFD-Tool poststationär weiter nutzen zu wollen. Wesentliche Gründe gegen die Nutzung waren eine kurze Aufenthaltsdauer, eine schwere depressive Symptomatik und fehlende Medienkompetenz.

Diskussion
Eine Implementierung des iFD-Tools im stationären Setting ist prinzipiell machbar und führte zu positiven Rückmeldungen seitens der NutzerInnen. Auch konnten sich die meisten aktiv an der Studie Teilnehmenden eine weitere Nutzung des iFD-Tools nach der Entlassung gut vorstellen. Allerdings weisen die insgesamt geringen Nutzungs- (42/78, 54 %) und Komplettierungsraten auf Nutzungsbarrieren hin, deren Überwindung entsprechende Anpassungen der Intervention speziell für den stationären Einsatz erforderlich machen.
The malting parameters: steeping, germination, withering, and kilning temperature and aeration rate as possibilities for styrene mitigation in wheat beer
Authors: Kalb Valerian , Seewald Torsten , Hofmann Thomas , Granvogl Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAiming at the mitigation of the toxicologically relevant styrene formed during wheat beer brewing, different malting parameters, such as steeping temperature, germination temperature, withering and kilning temperatures applied during kiln-drying, and aeration rate, were evaluated for their suitability to reduce the content of cinnamic acid, the precursor of styrene, in malts of barley and wheat, responsible for the input of the undesired precursor into the brewing process. According to the results of the present study, higher steeping temperatures, higher germination temperatures, lower aeration rates, and lower withering temperatures during malting are beneficial for the overall reduction of cinnamic acid in wort produced with barley and wheat malts. Thereby, the withering temperature showed the highest impact among the investigated parameters, able to reduce the soluble cinnamic acid content in wort by up to 72%, followed by the germination temperature in combination with the aeration rate and the steeping temperature with reduction capacities of 52 and 16%, respectively. Additionally, a kilning temperature of 200 °C led to the absence of enzyme activities in dark malts, which might also be the main reason for the low phenolic acid contents found in the corresponding wort, finally causing the low concentrations of styrene but also to a certain extent of desired vinyl aromatics in dark wheat beers.
A novel analytic approach for outcome prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Lin , Jiang Han , He Xuexin , Feng Liu , Ni Miaoqi , Ma Mindi , Wang Jing , Zhang Teng , Wu Shuang , Zhou Rui , Jin Chentao , Zhang Kai , Qian Wenbin , Chen Zexin , Zhuo Cheng , Zhang Hong , Tian Mei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a novel analytic approach based on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) radiomic signature (RS) and International Prognostic Index (IPI) to predict the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 152 DLBCL patients and divided them into a training cohort (n = 100) and a validation cohort (n = 52). A total of 1245 radiomic features were extracted from the total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and the metabolic bulk volume (MBV) of pre-treatment PET/CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to develop the RS. Cox regression analysis was used to construct hybrid nomograms based on different RS and clinical variables. The performances of hybrid nomograms were evaluated using the time-dependent receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The clinical utilities of prediction nomograms were determined via decision curve analysis. The predictive efficiency of different RS, clinical variables, and hybrid nomograms was compared.

Results
The RS and IPI were identified as independent predictors of PFS and OS, and were selected to construct hybrid nomograms. Both TMTV- and MBV-based hybrid nomograms had significantly higher values of area under the curve (AUC) than IPI in training and validation cohorts (all P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between TMTV- and MBV-based hybrid nomograms (P > 0.05). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that both TMTV- and MBV-based hybrid nomograms calibrated well in the training and validation cohorts (all P > 0.05). Decision curve analysis indicated that hybrid nomograms had higher net benefits than IPI.

Conclusion
The hybrid nomograms combining RS with IPI could significantly improve survival prediction in DLBCL. Radiomic analysis on MBV may serve as a potential approach for prognosis assessment in DLBCL.

Trial registration
NCT04317313. Registered March 16, 2020. Public site: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04317313
Proof of concept of a multimodal intravital molecular imaging system for tumour transpathology investigation
Authors: Liu Zhen , Cheng Tao , Düwel Stephan , Jian Ziying , Topping Geoffrey J. , Steiger Katja , Wang Qian , Braren Rickmer , Reder Sybille , Mittelhäuser Markus , Hundshammer Christian , Feuerecker Benedikt , Huang Sung-Cheng , Schwaiger Markus , Schilling Franz , Ziegler Sibylle I. , Shi Kuangyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Transpathology highlights the interpretation of the underlying physiology behind molecular imaging. However, it remains challenging due to the discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro measurements and difficulties of precise co-registration between trans-scaled images. This study aims to develop a multimodal intravital molecular imaging (MIMI) system as a tool for in vivo tumour transpathology investigation.

Methods
The proposed MIMI system integrates high-resolution positron imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microscopic imaging on a dorsal skin window chamber on an athymic nude rat. The window chamber frame was designed to be compatible with multimodal imaging and its fiducial markers were customized for precise physical alignment among modalities. The co-registration accuracy was evaluated based on phantoms with thin catheters. For proof of concept, tumour models of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 were imaged. The tissue within the window chamber was sectioned, fixed and haematoxylin–eosin (HE) stained for comparison with multimodal in vivo imaging.

Results
The final MIMI system had a maximum field of view (FOV) of 18 mm × 18 mm. Using the fiducial markers and the tubing phantom, the co-registration errors are 0.18 ± 0.27 mm between MRI and positron imaging, 0.19 ± 0.22 mm between positron imaging and microscopic imaging and 0.15 ± 0.27 mm between MRI and microscopic imaging. A pilot test demonstrated that the MIMI system provides an integrative visualization of the tumour anatomy, vasculatures and metabolism of the in vivo tumour microenvironment, which was consistent with ex vivo pathology.

Conclusions
The established multimodal intravital imaging system provided a co-registered in vivo platform for trans-scale and transparent investigation of the underlying pathology behind imaging, which has the potential to enhance the translation of molecular imaging.
Supervised Immediate Postoperative Mobilization After Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Thörn Rose‐Marie W. , Stepniewski Jan , Hjelmqvist Hans , Forsberg Anette , Ahlstrand Rebecca , Ljungqvist Olle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly mobilization is a significant part of the ERAS® Society guidelines, in which patients are recommended to spend 2 h out of bed on the day of surgery. However, it is not yet known how early patients can safely be mobilized after completion of colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, and safety of providing almost immediate structured supervised mobilization starting 30 min post‐surgery at the postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU), and to describe reactions to this approach.MethodsThis feasibility study includes 42 patients aged ≥18 years who received elective colorectal surgery at Örebro University Hospital. They underwent a structured mobilization performed by a specialized physiotherapist using a modified Surgical ICU Optimal Mobilization Score (SOMS). SOMS determines the level of mobilization at four levels from no activity to ambulating. Mobilization was considered successful at SOMS ≥ 2, corresponding to sitting on the edge of the bed as a proxy of sitting in a chair due to lack of space.ResultsIn all, 71% (n = 30) of the patients reached their highest level of mobilization between the second and third hour of arrival in the PACU. Before discharge to the ward, 43% (n = 18) could stand at the edge of the bed and 38% (n = 16) could ambulate. Symptoms that delayed advancement of mobilization were pain, somnolence, hypotension, nausea, and patient refusal. No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionsSupervised mobilization is feasible and can safely be initiated in the immediate postoperative care after colorectal surgery.Trial registration Clinical trials.gov identifier: NTC03357497.
Analysis of mammograms using artificial intelligence to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: proof of concept
Authors: Skarping I. , Larsson M. , Förnvik D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
In this proof of concept study, a deep learning–based method for automatic analysis of digital mammograms (DM) as a tool to aid in assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treatment response in breast cancer (BC) was examined.

Methods
Baseline DM from 453 patients receiving NACT between 2005 and 2019 were included in the study cohort. A deep learning system, using the aforementioned baseline DM, was developed to predict pathological complete response (pCR) in the surgical specimen after completion of NACT. Two image patches, one extracted around the detected tumour and the other from the corresponding position in the reference image, were fed into a classification network. For training and validation, 1485 images obtained from 400 patients were used, and the model was ultimately applied to a test set consisting of 53 patients.

Results
A total of 95 patients (21%) achieved pCR. The median patient age was 52.5 years (interquartile range 43.7–62.1), and 255 (56%) were premenopausal. The artificial intelligence (AI) model predicted the pCR as represented by the area under the curve of 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.53–0.90; p = 0.035). The sensitivity was 46% at a fixed specificity of 90%.

Conclusions
Our study describes an AI platform using baseline DM to predict BC patients’ responses to NACT. The initial AI performance indicated the potential to aid in clinical decision-making. In order to continue exploring the clinical utility of AI in predicting responses to NACT for BC, further research, including refining the methodology and a larger sample size, is warranted.

Key Points
• We aimed to answer the following question: Prior to initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, can artificial intelligence (AI) applied to digital mammograms (DM) predict breast tumour response?
• DMs contain information that AI can make use of for predicting pathological complete (pCR) response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
• By developing an AI system designed to focus on relevant parts of the DM, fully automatic pCR prediction can be done well enough to potentially aid in clinical decision-making.
Inter-island local adaptation in the Galápagos Archipelago: genomics of the Galápagos blue-banded goby, Lythrypnus gilberti
Authors: Bernardi Giacomo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Galápagos Archipelago is a place where terrestrial adaptive radiations of finches, mockingbirds, and tortoises have been studied extensively. In contrast, little is known about the potential for marine species to diverge among islands. The overall degradation of coral reefs in the Galápagos makes understanding the mechanisms and factors of speciation, the engine of biodiversity, important, and timely. While speciation in marine archipelagos has been described in the past, such as for cone snails in Cabo Verde Archipelago and limpets in Hawaii, adaptive radiations in the marine environment are still rare and poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the Galápagos blue-banded goby,Lythrypnus gilberti, a small endemic fish that is found in shallow subtidal rocky habitats. Using RAD sequencing, we analyzed 19,504 loci that were either neutral, or potentially under directional selection. As expected, considering the small geographic range, population structure based on neutral markers was weak. For loci under directional selection, however, marked differences between islands suggested potential for local adaptation. Our data suggest that for marine species, where dispersal barriers are less apparent, mechanisms of local adaptation may also be at play in the Galápagos Archipelago.
Septoplasty with and without additional sinonasal surgery: postoperative sequelae and the use of prophylactic antibiotics
Authors: Kotisalmi Ida , Hytönen Maija , Mäkitie Antti A. , Lilja Markus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
One of the most common complications after septoplasty is a postoperative infection. We investigated the number of postoperative infections and unplanned postoperative visits (UPV) in septoplasties with and without additional nasal surgery at our institution and evaluated the role of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Methods
We collected data of all consecutive 302 septoplasty or septocolumelloplasty patients operated during the year 2018 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, HUS Helsinki University Hospital (Helsinki, Finland). Hospital charts were reviewed to record sociodemographic patient characteristics and clinical parameters regarding surgery and follow-up.

Results
Altogether 239 patients (79.1%) received pre- and/or postoperative prophylactic antibiotics and within this group 3.3% developed a postoperative infection. The infection rate in the non-prophylaxis group of 63 patients was 12.7% (p = 0.007). When all patients who received postoperative antibiotics were excluded, we found that the infection rate in the preoperative prophylaxis group was 3.8%, as opposed to an infection rate of 12.7% in the non-prophylaxis group (p = 0.013). When evaluating septoplasty with additional sinonasal surgery (n = 115) the rate of postoperative infection was 3.3% in the prophylaxis group and 16.7% in the non-prophylaxis group (p = 0.034). These results show a statistically significant stand-alone effect of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics in preventing postoperative infection in septoplasty, especially regarding additional sinonasal surgery.

Conclusion
The use of preoperative antibiotics as a prophylactic measure diminished statistically significantly the rate of infections and UPVs in septoplasty when all postoperative infections, superficial and mild ones included, were taken into account.