bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the course of facial sunscreen coverage and sustainability over an 8‐hour workday among outdoor workers
Authors: Kobwanthanakun Waritch , Silpa‐archa Narumol , Wongpraparut Chanisada , Pruksaekanan Chutipon , Manuskiatti Woraphong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundReapplication of sunscreen every 2 hours is recommended, especially after swimming, sweating, or working outdoors. However, the sustainability of sunscreen during the workday among outdoor workers is still unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the course of facial sunscreen coverage and sustainability over an 8‐hour workday among outdoor workers.Materials and MethodsThis open‐label trial included 20 healthy subjects who spend at least 80% of their workday outdoors. All volunteers applied 2 mg/cm2 of provided broad‐spectrum sunscreen mixed with the invisible blue fluorescent agent to all parts of their face in the morning. A VISIA‐CR camera was used to capture facial fluorescence intensity every 2 hours, and digital image analysis software was used to quantify fluorescence intensity at six areas of the face at each time point for 8 hours.ResultsSunscreen coverage declined most rapidly during the first 2 hours with a mean reduction of 18.31%. By the end of the 8‐hour study workday, the mean decrease in sunscreen coverage was 31.63% (range: 17.39%‐45.29%).ConclusionReapplication of sunscreen is essential among outdoor workers. After 4 hours, the amount of sunscreen remaining on the face may not be sufficient for protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Thermodiffusion, chemical reaction, and Hall and ion‐slip impacts on MHD rotating flow past an infinite vertical porous plate
Authors: Veera Krishna M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current scrutiny explores the impacts of thermodiffusion, chemical reaction, and Hall and ion‐slip impacts lying on unsteady heat and mass transport of free convective hydromagnetic flow enclosed past a semi‐infinite porous plate within a gyratory frame under the accomplishment of a transverse magnetic field and convective boundary conditions. The nondimensional governing equations are solved systematically by means of the finite element method. Through the facilitation of graphical profiles, the outcomes of a variety of significant parameters within the boundary layer are addressed. In addition, the local skin friction coefficient and rates of heat and mass transports in expressions of the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are presented digitally in tabulation form, although it is originated that the Nusselt number and Sherwood number remain constant with varying all pertinent parameters. It is found that the porous medium impact on the boundary layer growth is significant due to the increase in the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer and the decrease in the thickness of the thermal and concentration boundary layers. The resultant velocity enhances with increasing rotation, Hall and ion‐slip parameters.
The role of manipulation of concrete representations in early cardinal comprehension
Authors: Rodríguez Jimena , Salsa Analía , Martí Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of manipulation on the performance of 3.5‐ and 4‐year‐old children in the Give‐N task with concrete representations (sets of bottle caps and pictures of dots) and spoken number words. In this task, children were asked to give a certain number of items (cookies) using the three representational formats. Children were assigned to one of two conditions: manipulation (children could physically interact with the objects and pictures) or observation (children watched as the experimenter presented the representations). Results show that manipulation had different effects according to the age of the children. For 3.5‐year‐olds, manipulation with objects but not with pictures consisted in task‐irrelevant actions, and hindered performance. For 4‐year‐olds, however, manipulation with both concrete representations were task related and did not disrupt performance. The mere contemplation of the objects and pictures, without physically interacting with them, facilitated performance in both age groups, in comparison with number words. Emerging cardinal comprehension seems to be influenced not only by the kind of representations used by children, but also by the type of physical exploration afforded during the task.
Safety recognition and analysis in skiing with future internet framework support
Authors: Yang Zhilin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSkiing plays an important role in the international sports events, especially for 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. During such skiing competition, the communication network is necessary to provide the support of data transmission so as to guarantee the real‐time situation feedback regarding athletes. As we know, the skiers make the highly dynamic movement, which cannot be supported by the traditional IP‐based Internet. On the contrary, the future Internet especially Information‐Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm can provide the inherent support of mobility. Therefore, this letter employs ICN framework to catch the information of mobile skiers. Based on this framework, this letter proposes a safety recognition and analysis method, including feature extraction at the user‐side and movement recognition at the server‐side based on neural network. The experiments are made based on the dataset from 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, and the results have demonstrated that the novel method is very acceptable. In particular, the proposed scheme has some improvements, that is, 0.575% recall ratio, 0.431% precision ratio and 0.415% F1 value, respectively, compared with the baseline. This future indicates that the proposed method can provide a significant reference for 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
Assessment of global health programs at accredited dental schools in the United States
Authors: Beck Nicole A. , Roudnitsky Emily , Ritchie Collin A. , Mitra Shivani S. , Afshar Salim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeOral diseases pose a serious global health challenge. As such, dental education must integrate global health with emphasis on scalable and sustainable solutions. The aim of our study was to capture the scope of global health programs offered to dental students in the United States and identify ways in which dental schools may modify their curricula to improve global health knowledge and accessibility for students.Materials and methodsFor this cross‐sectional, cohort study, the investigators sent a confidential and electronic survey to 213 faculty members at the 67 accredited dental schools in the United States. This voluntary survey was distributed in September and October of 2020 with answers being self‐reported.ResultsA total of 40 different schools are represented in this study, representing 59.7% of accredited dental schools in the United States. Using descriptive statistics, the results present existing global health opportunities, barriers preventing schools from expanding global health education, and necessary resources that schools without a program need to establish one.ConclusionOur results demonstrate promising findings, in relation to global health being a vital part of dental education. However, there is an urgent need for enhanced and more structured education in this space. As the global burden of oral disease contributes to the degree and severity of noncommunicable diseases worldwide, the development of a sustainable, preventive primary care approach must integrate oral health, making future dental professionals a crucial component of global health.
TPI1‐reduced extracellular vesicles mediated by Rab20 downregulation promotes aerobic glycolysis to drive hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Liu Bonnie Hei Man , Tey Sze Keong , Mao Xiaowen , Ma Angel Po Yee , Yeung Cherlie Lot Sum , Wong Samuel Wan Ki , Ng Tung Him , Xu Yi , Yao Yue , Fung Eva Yi Man , Tan Kel Vin , Khong Pek‐Lan , Ho Daniel Wai‐Hung , Ng Irene Oi‐Lin , Tang Alexander Hin Ning , Cai Shao Hang , Yun Jing Ping , Yam Judy Wai Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRab GTPases are major mediators that ensure the proper spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular trafficking. Functional impairment and altered expression of Rab proteins have been revealed in various human cancers. There is an emerging evidence about the role of Rab proteins in the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using RNA sequencing comparing expression profiles of adjacent non‐tumorous tissues and HCC, Rab20 is identified to be the most frequently downregulated Rab member in HCC. Functionally, restoration of Rab20 in metastatic HCC cells results in the release of EVs with a diminished activity to promote cell growth, motility and metastasis. Conversely, EVs released from normal liver cells with Rab20 knockdown loses suppressive effect on HCC cell growth and motility. Proteomic profiling revealed the level of triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), a glycolytic enzyme, in EVs to be positively associated with Rab20 expression of the releasing cells. TPI1 targeted to be expressed in EVs released by Rab20 knockdown cells compromises the oncogenic activity of EVs. Besides, EVs released by TPI1 knockdown cells recapitulates the promoting effect of EVs derived from HCC cells with Rab20 underexpression. Aerobic glycolysis is beneficial to the survival and proliferation of tumour cells. Here, we observed that the enhanced cell growth and motility are driven by the enhanced aerobic glycolysis induced by EVs with reduced TPI1. The addition of glycolytic inhibitor blocks the promoting effect of EVs with reduced TPI1. Taken together, our study provides a mechanistic link among tumour cell‐derived EVs and glucose metabolism in HCC with Rab20 deregulation.
Degree sum conditions for the existence of homeomorphically irreducible spanning trees
Authors: Ito Taisei , Tsuchiya Shoichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 1990, Albertson, Berman, Hutchinson, and Thomassen proved a theorem which gives a minimum degree condition for the existence of a spanning tree with no vertices of degree 2. Such a spanning tree is called a homeomorphically irreducible spanning tree (HIST). In this paper, we prove that every graph of order () contains a HIST if for any nonadjacent vertices and . The degree sum condition is best possible.
Asymmetry of daily mean temperature series over China and its frontal mechanism
Authors: Quan Heng , Chai Wenmi , Fu Zuntao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe analyse the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis temperature time series over China and find that daily mean temperature at 850 hPa pressure level warms gradually and cools rapidly, which is known as the asymmetry property. Previous studies pointed out that front events contribute to this asymmetry property, but only presented indirect evidences. Here, we confirm this conjecture with more convincing and direct evidences. The time series of front events are obtained over China by an improved objective front detection algorithm. The high Pearson correlation between time series of monthly temperature asymmetry measure and time series of monthly front events over some specific regions indicates they are closely related to each other and front events indeed contribute to temperature asymmetry. We discover that the North China Plain is a representative region where front events contribute to temperature asymmetry significantly. Further diagnostic analysis by temperature tendency equation shows that the asymmetry of daily mean temperature series is due to the asymmetry between the frequency and intensity (mainly the intensity of meridional nonlinear advection term) of cold and warm fronts in North China Plain.
A 40‐year climatology of summer heavy hourly rainfall over mountainous Shanxi in China
Authors: Dong Chunqing , Zhang Da‐Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a statistical analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of summer heavy hourly rainfall (HHR) events during 1979–2018 over mountainous Shanxi Province is performed in order to examine regional climate change over such a transition region between North China and Northwest China. Results show that the regional 40‐year annual mean summer rainfall is about 272 mm, about 37% of which is associated with HHR events. High‐frequency and high‐intensity HHR events tend to take place in eastern mountainous subregions, whereas most basin subregions experience HHR events with low frequency and low intensity, showing the important influences of local topography and its interaction with prevailing large‐scale flows. The important topographical influences are also reflected by the observations that most mountainous subregions exhibit a major late‐afternoon peak with a secondary early morning maximum, and that the associated diurnal variations are much greater in amplitude than those in basin subregions. It is found that the regional total annual summer rainfall has a decreasing trend during the first 20 years, mostly by non‐HHR contributions, but a rapid increasing trend during the recent 20 years, with dominant HHR contributions. Most subregions with the increasing trends of HHR frequency are those dominated by rapidly increasing surface temperatures. In particular, more frequent HHR events occur over major urbanization areas, that are in close proximity to complex topography, during the recent two decades. The decadal trends in HHR are found to be correlated to the distribution and intensity changes of the East Asian summer monsoon. The above results have important implications to the operational prediction of HHR events, and a better understanding of regional climate change over mountainous Shanxi Province.
Characteristics of the summer 3‐D katabatic flow in a semi‐arid zone—The case of the Dead Sea
Authors: Paperman Jenny , Potchter Oded , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe katabatic winds have been studied over the slopes surrounding the Dead Sea (DS, in brevity), located at altitude of 433 m below sea level focusing on the summer season when the katabatic winds are most frequent, persistent and pronounced due to the summer stable weather conditions. The study observes the katabatic wind pulses, which are intermittent, via 3‐D innovative measurement tools with high time and space resolution employing Energy Balance Stations, Radiosondes and Lidars. The nocturnal katabatic pulses were investigated employing vertical depth, wind direction/intensity, duration, number of pulses and the time intervals separating them, as well as the begin and termination times during August 2014. The average direction of the pulses depends on the nearby slopes orientations while the intensity depends on the station's elevation and its location relative to the slope. The average katabatic number of pulses, duration, time intervals and their beginning and terminating times were found to strongly depend on the other local flows. The average vertical depth of the katabatic layer from both sides of the DS, in Israel and Jordan, was found to be at 450–950 m above ground level, depending on the measurement time period as well as the tools' sensitivities employing the “KIT cube system”—an advanced integrated atmospheric observation system, which allows 3‐D accurate analysis of the detailed katabatic wind pulses over the DS. The average number of the katabatic pulses was found to be ~2.9–3.5 pulses·night−1. The average duration of each pulse was ~69–94 min and the time interval separating them ~32–44 min depending on the flows which interrupt the pulses. The starting time of first katabatic pulse in local time was 0113 LST (±0119). These findings are of great relevance for the DS evaporation as well as bio‐meteorological and pollution aspects.
Chronology of the Mediterranean sea‐level highstand during the Last Interglacial: a critical review of the U/Th‐dated deposits
Authors: Pasquetti Francesca , Bini Monica , Giaccio Biagio , Ratti Andrea , Vacchi Matteo , Zanchetta Giovanni 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTRelative sea‐level (RSL) evolution during Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5 in the Mediterranean basin is still not fully understood despite a plethora of morphological, stratigraphic and geochronological studies carried out on highstand deposits of this area. In this review we assembled a database of 323 U/Th‐dated samples (e.g. corals, molluscs, speleothems) which were used to chronologically constrain RSL evolution within MIS 5. The application of strict geochemical criteria to the U/Th samples indicates that only ~33% of data available for the Mediterranean Sea can be considered ‘reliable’. Most of these data (~65%) refer to the MIS 5e highstand, while only ~17% could be related to the MIS 5a. No attribution to MIS 5c can be unequivocally supported. Nevertheless, the resulting framework does not allow us to define a satisfactory RSL trend during the MIS 5e highstand and subsequent MIS 5 substages. Overall, the proposed selection of reliable/unreliable data would be useful for detecting areas where MIS 5 substage attributions are not supported by confident U/Th chronological data and thus the related reconstructions need to be revised. In this regard, the resulting framework calls for a reappraisal and re‐examination of the Mediterranean records with advanced geochronological methodologies.
Overexpression of lncRNA‐NEF regulates the miR‐155/PTEN axis to inhibit adipogenesis and promote osteogenesis
Authors: Ming Ying , Liu Zheng‐Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is characterized by osteopenia and bone tissue microstructure degradation. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that have the ability to yield mesenchymal stem cells and have the potential to undergo osteogenesis and bone regeneration. Therefore, ADSCs have the potential to treat osteoporosis, but the molecular mechanism of these cells in the process of osteogenesis and osteoclasts is still not clear. In the present study, we collected serum samples from 10 clinical osteoporosis patients to detect long noncoding RNA‐neighboring enhancer of FOXA2 (lncRNA‐NEF) and miR‐155 expression levels. Half of these patients were senile and half were postmenopausal women, and nine of them have used steroids for a long time, in which ADSCs were cultured and induced to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiations. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of genes in ADSCs. Overexpression of lncRNA‐NEF in ADSCs were undertaken to verify its regulatory function on cell osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations. A luciferase activity experiment was performed to determine the relationship between miR‐155 and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). The level of lncRNA‐NEF was downregulated, and miR‐155 was upregulated, in serum samples from patients with clinical osteoporosis. LncRNA‐NEF showed different expression levels in the induction of osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, which increased during osteogenic induction and decreased during adipogenic induction. Overexpression of lncRNA‐NEF or downregulation of miR‐155 in ADSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenesis progression. PTEN was the direct target of miR‐155 and was involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation. Overexpression of lncRNA‐NEF regulated the miR‐155/PTEN axis to inhibit adipogenesis and promote osteogenesis in ADSCs.
Comparing the effects of palmitate, insulin, and palmitate‐insulin co‐treatment on myotube metabolism and insulin resistance
Authors: Rivera Madison E. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown various metabolic stressors such as saturated fatty acids (SFA) and excess insulin promote insulin resistance in metabolically meaningful cell types (such as skeletal muscle). Additionally, these stressors have been linked with suppressed mitochondrial metabolism, which is also a common characteristic of skeletal muscle of diabetics. This study characterized the individual and combined effects of excess lipid and excess insulin on myotube metabolism and related metabolic gene and protein expression. C2C12 myotubes were treated with either 500 μM palmitate (PAM), 100 nM insulin (IR), or both (PAM‐IR). qRT‐PCR and western blot were used to measure metabolic gene and protein expression, respectively. Oxygen consumption was used to measure mitochondrial metabolism. Glycolytic metabolism and insulin‐mediated glucose uptake were measured via extracellular acidification rate. Cellular lipid and mitochondrial content were measured using Nile Red and NAO staining, respectively. IR and PAM‐IR treatments led to reductions in p‐Akt expression. IR treatment reduced insulin mediated glucose metabolism while PAM and PAM‐IR treatment showed increases with concurrent reductions in mitochondrial metabolism. All three treatments showed suppression in mitochondrial metabolism. PAM and PAM‐IR also showed increases in glycolytic metabolism. While PAM and PAM‐IR significantly increased lipid content, expression of inflammatory and lipogenic proteins were unaltered. Lastly, PAM‐IR reduced BCAT2 protein expression, a regulator of BCAA metabolism. Both stressors independently reduced insulin signaling, mitochondrial function, and cell metabolism, however, only PAM‐IR co‐treatment significantly reduced the expression of regulators of metabolism not seen with individual stressors, suggesting an additive effect of stressors on metabolic programming.
Evaluating longitudinal therapy effects via the North Star Ambulatory Assessment
Authors: McDonald Craig M. , Wei Lee‐Jen , Flanigan Kevin M. , Elfring Gary , Trifillis Panayiota , Muntoni Francesco ,   the ACT DMD Clinical Evaluator Training Group,   the ACT DMD Study Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIn comparative studies, treatment effects are typically evaluated at a specific time point. When data are collected periodically, an alternative, clinically meaningful approach could be used to assess the totality of treatment effects. We applied a well‐developed analytical procedure for evaluating longitudinal treatment effects using North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) data for illustration.MethodsThe NSAA comprises 17 scorable items/outcomes that measure changes in motor function. Using NSAA data from the published ataluren phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (NCT01826487), cumulative counts of failures to perform each item (transition from 2/1 [able/impaired] to 0 [unable]) were collected at specified time points for each patient over 48 wk. Treatment group‐wise mean cumulative item failure count curves were constructed, comparing ataluren versus placebo and deflazacort versus prednisone/prednisolone among placebo‐treated patients. The steeper the curve, the worse the outcome. A clinically meaningful summary of the between‐group difference was provided for each comparison.ResultsThe curve was uniformly steeper for placebo than ataluren after 16 wk and for prednisone/prednisolone than deflazacort after 8 wk. The two curves in each comparison continued to diverge thereafter, indicating sustained treatment benefits over time. Using a unique analytical approach, cumulative failure rates were reduced, on average, by 27% for ataluren versus placebo (rate ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.97; p = .027) and 28% for deflazacort versus prednisone/prednisolone (rate ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.96; p = .028).DiscussionUnlike fixed‐time analyses, this analytical approach enabled demonstration of cumulative, longitudinal treatment effects over time using repeatedly measured NSAA observations.