bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cortisol and ACTH Response to Dex/CRH Testing in Women With and Without Perimenopausal Depression
Authors: Guerrieri Gioia M , Ben Dor Rivka , Li Xiaobai , Wei Shau-Ming , Martinez Pedro E , Neiman Lynnette K , Rubinow David R , Schmidt Peter J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are frequent accompaniments of depression, and studies have documented the role of stress and stressful life events in the ontogeny of perimenopausal depressions (PMD). Because HPA axis function in women is further modulated both by aging and ovarian steroids, it is possible that a dysregulated HPA axis contributes to the increased risk of PMD.

Objective
We examined HPA axis function in perimenopausal women with and without depression using the combined dexamethasone–corticotropin-releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test.

Methods
Dex/CRH tests were performed on 20 women with PMD and 20 women who were also perimenopausal but without current or past depression (control women). Main outcome measures were plasma levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC). Five women took chronic stable medications, otherwise all women were medically healthy, and both groups were comparable with respect to reproductive stage and age. Standardized symptom rating scales were administered to each woman prior to Dex/CRH testing.

Results
No group differences were present in either baseline or stimulated ACTH and cortisol secretion. Baseline plasma measures of estradiol, progesterone, and 24-hour UFC levels similarly did not differ in PMD and control women.

Conclusion
Despite reports of increased stress responsiveness in PMD, we observed no abnormalities of HPA axis activity associated with PMD compared with women without depression. These findings suggest that PMD is not uniformly associated with HPA dysregulation and could reflect underlying pathophysiologic processes that are distinct from women with nonreproductive-related depressions.
Exenatide, Dapagliflozin, or Phentermine/Topiramate Differentially Affect Metabolic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Elkind-Hirsch Karen E , Chappell N , Seidemann Ericka , Storment John , Bellanger Drake 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors reduce weight and improve insulin sensitivity via different mechanisms.

Objective
The efficacy of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) and dapagliflozin (DAPA) alone and coadministered (EQW/DAPA), DAPA/extended-release (ER) metformin (DAPA/MET), and phentermine topiramate extended release (PHEN/TPM) on metabolic parameters, body composition, and sex hormones were examined in obese women with PCOS.

Methods
Nondiabetic women (n = 119; aged 18-45 years) with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 and less than 45 and polycystic ovary syndrome (National Institutes of Health criteria) were randomly assigned in a single-blinded fashion to EQW (2 mg weekly); DAPA (10 mg daily), EQW/DAPA (2 mg weekly/10 mg daily), DAPA (10 mg)/MET (2000 mg XR daily), or PHEN (7.5 mg)/TPM (46 mg ER daily) treatment for 24 weeks. Study visits at baseline and 24 weeks included weight, blood pressure (BP), waist (WC) measures, and body composition evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted to assess glycemia and mean blood glucose (MBG), and compute insulin sensitivity (SI) and secretion (IS) measures. Sex steroids, free androgen index (FAI), and lipid profiles were measured in the fasting sample.

Results
EQW/DAPA and PHEN/TPM resulted in the most loss of weight and total body fat by DXA, and WC. Despite equivalent reductions in BMI and WC with PHEN/TPM, only EQW/DAPA and EQW resulted in significant improvements in MBG, SI, and IS. Reductions in fasting glucose, testosterone, FAI, and BP were seen with all drugs.

Conclusion
Dual therapy with EQW/DAPA was superior to either alone, DAPA/MET and PHEN/TPM in terms of clinical and metabolic benefits in this patient population.
An atlas of seven zebrafish hox cluster mutants provides insights into sub/neofunctionalization of vertebrate Hox clusters
Authors: Yamada Kazuya , Maeno Akiteru , Araki Soh , Kikuchi Morimichi , Suzuki Masato , Ishizaka Mizuki , Satoh Koumi , Akama Kagari , Kawabe Yuki , Suzuki Kenya , Kobayashi Daiki , Hamano Nanami , Kawamura Akinori 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Vertebrate Hox clusters are comprised of multiple Hox genes that control morphology and developmental timing along multiple body axes. Although results of genetic analyses using Hox-knockout mice have been accumulating, genetic studies in other vertebrates have not been sufficient for functional comparisons of vertebrate Hox genes. In this study, we isolated all of the seven hox cluster loss-of-function alleles in zebrafish using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Comprehensive analysis of the embryonic phenotype and X-ray micro-computed tomography scan analysis of adult fish revealed several species-specific functional contributions of homologous Hox clusters along the appendicular axis, whereas important shared general principles were also confirmed, as exemplified by serial anterior vertebral transformations along the main body axis, observed in fish for the first time. Our results provide insights into discrete sub/neofunctionalization of vertebrate Hox clusters after quadruplication of the ancient Hox cluster. This set of seven complete hox cluster loss-of-function alleles provide a formidable resource for future developmental genetic analysis of the Hox patterning system in zebrafish.
Does different activation between the medial and the lateral gastrocnemius during walking translate into different fascicle behavior?
Authors: Hamard Raphaël , Aeles Jeroen , Kelp Nicole Y. , Feigean Romain , Hug François , Dick Taylor J. M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The functional difference between the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during walking in humans has not yet been fully established. Although evidence highlights that the MG is activated more than the LG, the link with potential differences in mechanical behavior between these muscles remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine whether differences in activation between the MG and LG translate into different fascicle behavior during walking. Fifteen participants walked at their preferred speed under two conditions: 0% and 10% incline treadmill grade. We used surface electromyography and B-mode ultrasound to estimate muscle activation and fascicle dynamics in the MG and LG. We observed a higher normalized activation in the MG than in the LG during stance, which did not translate into greater MG normalized fascicle shortening. However, we observed significantly less normalized fascicle lengthening in the MG than in the LG during early stance, which matched with the timing of differences in activation between muscles. This resulted in more isometric behavior of the MG, which likely influences the muscle–tendon interaction and enhances the catapult-like mechanism in the MG compared with the LG. Nevertheless, this interplay between muscle activation and fascicle behavior, evident at the group level, was not observed at the individual level, as revealed by the lack of correlation between the MG–LG differences in activation and MG–LG differences in fascicle behavior. The MG and LG are often considered as equivalent muscles but the neuromechanical differences between them suggest that they may have distinct functional roles during locomotion.
Organizational and methodological aspects of primary swimming teaching for junior schoolchildren
Authors: Bielikova Natalia , Dedeliuk Nina 
Published: June 2021

The goal. The current state of development of society makes quite high demands on man as a person and a bearer of universal cultural values, an important place in which are healthy forms of human life. One of the important components of these forms is the ability to swim, the foundation of which is laid in childhood. This is since the qualities formed in childhood are the strongest and play a major role in the formation of personality.
Methodology: To achieve this goal, research methods such as data analysis of scientific and methodological literature, a generalization of the experience of best pedagogical practice were used. Analysis of data of scientific and methodical literature, the generalization of experience of advanced pedagogical.
Results. The mechanism of forming a value attitude to swimming is the activity of resolving the contradiction between the awareness of its importance in human life and fear and psychological unpreparedness for water activities. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, the main components of the methodology of primary swimming training of junior schoolchildren were identified, which contains the target, content, and methodological components.
Conclusion. The proposed components of organizational and methodological aspects of primary swimming training of junior schoolchildren form a system that combines based on a common goal target, meaningful, criterion, methodological component and provide the result – achieving sustainable positive internal personality changes and positive dynamics of swimming skills in young children.
Techniques for administering inhaled medicines to patients with bronchial asthma in nursing practice
Authors: Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona , Pawluk Elwira Paula , Szymaszek Angelo Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Bronchial asthma due to complex etiopathogenesis, the frequency of exacerbations is a serious medical and social problem [10]. At the root of the disease lies the chronic inflammatory process, which is the main cause of symptoms [5,18]. In the therapy of bronchial asthma, the basis is drugs administered directly to the affected area of the inflammatory process by various inhalation techniques. Ignorance of drug inhalation techniques and/or failure of the patient/caregivers to make pharmacotherapy recommendations is associated with a risk of many side effects. In order for patient therapy to be safe and effective, it is necessary to carry out large-scale educational activities both among medical staff as well as patients and their caregivers in the field of aerosol therapy techniques.

Streszczenie
Astma oskrzelowa ze względu na złożoną etiopatogenezę, częstość zaostrzeń stanowi poważny problem medyczny jak i społeczny [10]. U podłoża choroby leży przewlekły proces zapalny, który jest główną przyczyną objawów [5,18]. W terapii astmy oskrzelowej podstawę stanowią leki podawane bezpośrednio do miejsca objętego procesem zapalnych za pomocą różnych technik inhalacyjnych. Nieznajomość technik inhalacji leków i / lub niestosowanie się pacjenta / jego opiekunów do zaleceń w zakresie farmakoterapii wiąże się z ryzykiem wielu działań niepożądanych. Aby terapia pacjentów była bezpieczna i skuteczna konieczne jest prowadzenie na szeroką skalę działań edukacyjnych zarówno wśród personelu medycznego jak też pacjentów i ich opiekunów z zakresu technik aerozoloterapii.

Słowa kluczowe: astma oskrzelowa, techniki aerozoloterapii.
The evaluation of the impact of flexion and extension angles and lateral torso flexion on the selected spine and pelvis parameters
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research was to assess the impact of flexion and extension angles and lateral torso flexion on the selected spine and pelvis parameters among the population of children aged between 7 and 15 years.
Material and methods. The research was conducted in randomly selected kindergartens and schools in the Warmia and Masuria region and the Pomerania region during six semi-annual editions. The study population consisted of 2,361 children. This allowed to record 16,608 observations of 31 parameters describing body posture using the photogrammetric method.
Results. The analysis of multiple regression with selection of the subset of the optimal set of variables included four parameters affecting the following: flexion angle and extension angle in the sagittal plane, angle of flexion to the left and to the right in the frontal plane. The set of variables included the parameters of the pelvis-spine complex.
Conclusions
1.Spinal parameters are significantly and positively affected by the angle of torso extension in the sagittal plane and the angle of flexion to the left in the frontal plane and negatively influenced by the flexion angle in the sagittal plane.
2.The values of torso extension and flexion angles in the sagittal plane and torso flexion to the left and right in the frontal plane have a significant and positive impact on the total length of the spine (C7-S1) and the percentage of growth (DCK%), the Delta angle and the height of lumbar lordosis. The inclination angle of the lumbosacral spine, the total spinal length and the percentage of body height and the height of lumbar lordosis account for the parameters that are most dependent on the angles describing vertical orientation of the axial organ.
3.The significant negative impact on the spine parameters is remarkably lower. The most negatively dependent parameters include: lumbosacral inclination angle, the length and angle of thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis angle.
4.Hardly any influence of the analysed angles on pelvis parameters demonstrated herein requires further studies on the impact of foot parameters on the parameters of pelvis and spine.
5.The significant correlations of flexion and extension angles in the sagittal plane as well as the flexion angle in the frontal plane should be taken into consideration in the process of correcting body posture defects and errors.
Relationships between selected parameters of pelvis in children and adolescents aged 3–20 years of age in the context of gender and environment
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pelvis is a part of the skeletal system. It is a pelvic ring composed of the sacral bone, coccygeal bone and two pelvic bones, the right one and the left one. When walking, pelvis undergoes angular displacement in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes.
Material and methods: The studies were conducted in randomly selected kindergartens and schools from the urban and rural environment in the Warmia and Masuria region and the Pomerania region among 1832 male and 1974 female subjects at the age of 3 – 20 years. The photogrammetric method was applied to diagnose the angle of pelvic torsion to the left and to the right side in the frontal plane.
Results: The general analysis of the correlation coefficient including positive and negative correlations suggested that the values ranged between 0.43 and 0.44 for KNM and KNM-, from -0.1 to 0.1 for KNM and KSM-, and from -0.08 to -0.04 for KNM and KSM. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for KNM- and KSM- ranged between -0.11 and -0.1, for KNM and KSM from -0.14 to 0.11, and for KSM- and KSM -0.72 to -0.7.
Conclusions: A high degree of negative correlations was recorded between the angle of pelvic torsion in the transverse plane to the left and the angle of pelvis twisted to the right side. A poor degree of positive correlation was observed between the parameters of KNM and KSM- as well as KNM- and KSM. A poor negative correlation was reported between the parameters of KNM and KSM and the parameters of KNM- and KSM-. The correction procedure for the pelvic position should consider mutual interdependencies of tilt angles in the frontal plane and of torsion angles in the transverse plane.
Min-Max Optimal Design of Two-Armed Trials with Side Information
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Khademi Amin , Song Yongjia 
Published: June 2021

In this work, we study the optimal design of two-armed clinical trials to maximize the accuracy of parameter estimation in a statistical model, where the interaction between patient covariates and treatment are explicitly incorporated to enable precision medication decisions. Such a modeling extension leads to significant complexities for the produced optimization problems because they include optimization over design and covariates concurrently. We take a min-max optimization model and minimize (over design) the maximum (over population) variance of the estimated interaction effect between treatment and patient covariates. This results in a min-max bilevel mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, which is notably challenging to solve. To address this challenge, we introduce a surrogate optimization model by approximating the objective function, for which we propose two solution approaches. The first approach provides an exact solution based on reformulation and decomposition techniques. In the second approach, we provide a lower bound for the inner optimization problem and solve the outer optimization problem over the lower bound. We test our proposed algorithms with synthetic and real-world data sets and compare them with standard (re)randomization methods. Our numerical analysis suggests that the proposed approaches provide higher-quality solutions in terms of the variance of estimators and probability of correct selection. We also show the value of covariate information in precision medicine clinical trials by comparing our proposed approaches to an alternative optimal design approach that does not consider the interaction terms between covariates and treatment. Summary of Contribution: Precision medicine is the future of healthcare where treatment is prescribed based on each patient information. Designing precision medicine clinical trials, which are the cornerstone of precision medicine, is extremely challenging because sample size is limited and patient information may be multidimensional. This work proposes a novel approach to optimally estimate the treatment effect for each patient type in a two-armed clinical trial by reducing the largest variance of personalized treatment effect. We use several statistical and optimization techniques to produce efficient solution methodologies. Results have the potential to save countless lives by transforming the design and implementation of future clinical trials to ensure the right treatments for the right patients. Doing so will reduce patient risks and reduce costs in the healthcare system.
The association between fibular status and frontal plane tibial alignment post-union in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
Authors: Deng Huajun , Mei Haibo , Wang Enbo , Li Qiwei , Zhang Lijun , Canavese Federico , Li Lianyong 
Published: June 2021

Purpose Controversy exists regarding fibular status related to tibial alignment after congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) achieves union. We aimed to determine whether fibular status affected frontal plane tibial alignment post-CPT union. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2013, we followed 36 patients treated using a combined surgical technique (mean 6.6 years (2.2 to 9.4)). Outcome measures comprised medial proximal tibial angle, tibial diaphyseal angulation, lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), relative intramedullary rod length and relative fibula length discrepancy. Results The frequency of proximal tibial valgus deformity and ankle valgus deformity were significantly lower in the fibular integrity group than in the fibular un-integrity group (proximal tibial valgus deformity: 2/17 versus 11/19; p = 0.006; ankle valgus deformity: 10/17 versus 18/19; p = 0.016). The mean LDTA was notably higher in the fibular integrity group than in the fibular un-integrity group (81.2° (sd 6.7°) versus 71.3° (sd 6.6°); p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed in relative fibula length discrepancy between patients with fibular integrity (0.06 (0 to 0.11); Malhotra grade 0, n = 6; Malhotra grade I, n = 11) and those without (0.24 (0.01 to 0.36); Malhotra grade 2, n = 2; Malhotra grade 3, n = 17; p < 0.001). Ankle valgus deformity had a significant positive correlation with proximal tibial valgus deformity (r = 0.402; p = 0.015). Patients with an intact and normal length fibula had a lower frequency of ankle valgus deformity than those with an intact but shortening fibula (1/6 versus 9/11; p = 0.035). Conclusion Shortening or pseudarthrosis of the fibula was associated with ankle valgus and proximal tibial valgus deformities post-CPT union. Level of evidence III
Optical cages made of graphitic frameworks
Authors: Walker J. P. , McDonough K. , Grebel H. 
Published: June 2021

In pursuit of perfect infrared (IR) radiation absorbers, we examined quasi-crystal structures made of graphite wires. Simulations on an array of subwavelength graphitic cages and cage-within-cage frameworks indicate a flat absorption coefficient between 10–30 µm. The concept could be scaled up through the 50–120 µm [far-IR, terahertz (THz)] region by a proper structural design. For cage-within-cage, the IR radiation energy is funneled toward the inner cage, resulting in a rather hot structure. At longer wavelengths (microwave region), the electrical conductivity dominates the negative dielectric effect, and experiments with copper cages indicate scattering resonances. Graphitic structures allude to some absorption even at microwave frequencies. Applications are envisioned as anti-fogging surfaces, adaptable electromagnetic shields, energy harvesting, and efficient absorbers in the far-IR (THz frequencies).
High stability laser locking to an optical cavity using tilt locking
Authors: Chabbra Namisha , Wade Andrew R. , Rose Rees Emily , Sutton Andrew J. , Stochino Alberto , Ward Robert L. , Shaddock Daniel A. , McKenzie Kirk 
Published: June 2021

This paper describes, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of high performance tilt locking, a method of stabilizing laser frequency to an optical reference cavity using a spatial-mode readout technique. The experiment utilized a traveling wave cavity with a finesse of approximately 10,000, housed in a thermally controlled vacuum chamber. The tilt locking method in a double pass configuration has promising performance in the 100 µHz–1 Hz band, including surpassing the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On laser ranging interferometer requirement. Tilt locking offers a number of benefits such as high sensitivity, low cost, and simple implementation and therefore should be considered for future applications requiring high performance laser locking, such as future laser-based satellite geodesy missions and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna.
On-chip ultra-narrow-linewidth single-mode microlaser on lithium niobate on insulator
Authors: Gao Renhong , Guan Jianglin , Yao Ni , Deng Li , Lin Jintian , Wang Min , Qiao Lingling , Wang Zhenhua , Liang Youting , Zhou Yuan , Cheng Ya 
Published: June 2021

We report an on-chip single-mode microlaser with a low threshold fabricated on erbium doped lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI). The single-mode laser emission at 1550.5 nm wavelength is generated in a coupled microdisk via the inverse Vernier effect at room temperature, when pumping the resonator at 977.7 nm wavelength. A threshold pump power as low as 200 μW is demonstrated due to the high quality factor above

10

6

. Moreover, the measured linewidth of the microlaser reaches 348 kHz without discounting the broadening caused by the utilization of optical amplifiers, which is, to our knowledge, the best result in LNOI microlasers. Such a single-mode microlaser lithographically fabricated on chip is in high demand by the photonics community.