bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring outcomes for temple hollowing treatment: Content validity of new and existing FACE‐Q scales
Authors: Kaur Manraj N. , Baradaran Sarah , Patel Vaishali , Klassen Anne F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe FACE‐Q, a validated, modular patient‐reported outcome measure with global uptake, currently does not have a scale to measure the appearance of the temples. Objectives of our study were to develop a new FACE‐Q scale for appearance of temples and assess content validity of two existing FACE‐Q scales in the context of temple hollowing: Satisfaction with Facial Appearance and Psychological Function.MethodsA heterogeneous sample of adults who were seeking or had received treatments for temple hollowing was recruited from three outpatient clinics in the United States. Semi‐structured interviews using an interpretive description approach were completed to elicit concepts and generate an item pool and assess content validity of the two existing FACE‐Q scales. The item pool data were used to develop preliminary Temple scale, which was refined based on patient and expert feedback.ResultsParticipants (N = 15, 55 ± 9 years) described a range of esthetic concerns related to temple hollowing and its treatment. The data were used to draft the FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale, which was refined through input from patients (N = 12) and clinicians (N = 5), resulting in a 16‐item FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale. The scale covers concepts of fullness, harmony, scenarios (eg, mirror, bright lights), age, and shape. Content validity of the two existing FACE‐Q scales was substantiated.ConclusionThe FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale fills an important gap in patient‐reported outcome measurement in facial esthetics. The scale will be field‐tested to finalize content and develop the scoring algorithm prior to implementation in clinical practice and research.
False memories formation is increased in individuals with insomnia
Authors: Malloggi Serena , Conte Francesca , De Rosa Oreste , Righi Stefania , Gronchi Giorgio , Ficca Gianluca , Giganti Fiorenza 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPrevious studies suggest that sleep can influence false memories formation. Specifically, acute sleep loss has been shown to promote false memories production by impairing memory retrieval at subsequent testing. Surprisingly, the relationship between sleep and false memories has only been investigated in healthy subjects but not in individuals with insomnia, whose sleep is objectively impaired compared to healthy subjects. Indeed, this population shows several cognitive impairments involving prefrontal functioning that could affect source monitoring processes and contribute to false memories generation. Moreover, it has been previously reported that subjects with insomnia differentially process sleep‐related versus neutral stimuli. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare false memories production between individuals with insomnia symptoms and good sleepers, and to evaluate the possible influence of stimulus category (neutral versus sleep‐related) in the two groups. The results show that false memories are globally increased in participants reporting insomnia symptoms compared to good sleepers. A reduction in source monitoring ability was also observed in the former group, suggesting that an impairment of this executive function could be especially involved in false memories formation. Moreover, our data seem to confirm that false memories production in individuals with insomnia symptoms appears significantly modulated by stimulus category.
The effect of prolonged drought legacies on plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Carrillo Yolima , Nielsen Uffe N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuestionClimate change has been shown to cause shifts in plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) that may affect plant community dynamics, but the effect of prolonged drought is uncertain. We asked whether prolonged drought legacies cause shifts in PSFs due to changes in plant–soil biotic interactions.LocationRichmond, New South Wales, Australia.MethodsWe collected soils from a five‐year field‐based rainfall manipulation experiment simulating ambient rainfall and drought (50% reduction) in a mesic temperate grassland. PSFs of twelve plant species representing four functional groups (C3 and C4 grasses, forbs, and legumes) were assessed when grown alone and in mixed cultures (one species from each of the four functional groups) under laboratory conditions following a standard PSF protocol in soils with ambient rainfall and drought legacies. All soils were sterilised and then re‐inoculated to create the respective treatments including a non‐inoculated control for biota‐mediated PSFs.ResultsPSFs varied considerably among species and functional types in both legacy treatments. Overall, C3 grasses displayed less negative and C4 grasses less positive PSFs in soils with a legacy of prolonged drought compared with soils with ambient rainfall legacies, while PSFs for forbs and legumes were not significantly different from zero in either rainfall treatment. However, PSFs differed between species within functional groups. For example, Plantago showed positive PSFs in soils with ambient rainfall legacies but negative PSFs in soils with drought legacies while the opposite was observed for Medicago. PSFs of the mixed communities showed a trend to shift from positive to neutral in soils with drought legacies, with significant differences in PSFs observed when comparing home vs sterile soils, suggesting that drought may destabilise plant communities.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that prolonged drought legacies can modify plant community dynamics due to species‐specific changes in PSFs that persist after droughts are alleviated.
Multi‐speaker experimental designs: Methodological considerations
Authors: Offrede Tom , Fuchs Susanne , Mooshammer Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch on language use has become increasingly interested in the multimodal and interactional aspects of language – theoretical models of dialogue, such as the Communication Accommodation Theory and the Interactive Alignment Model are examples of this. In addition, researchers have started to give more consideration to the relationship between physiological processes and language use. This article aims to contribute to the advancement in studies of physiological and/or multimodal language use in naturalistic settings. It does so by providing methodological recommendations for such multi‐speaker experimental designs. It covers the topics of (a) speaker preparation and logistics, (b) experimental tasks and (c) data synchronisation and post‐processing. The types of data that will be considered in further detail include audio and video, electroencephalography, respiratory data and electromagnetic articulography. This overview with recommendations is based on the answers to a questionnaire that was sent amongst the members of the Horizon 2020 research network ‘Conversational Brains’, several researchers in the field and interviews with three additional experts.
A CaCDPK29–CaWRKY27b module promotes CaWRKY40‐mediated thermotolerance and immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum in pepper
Authors: Yang Sheng , Cai Weiwei , Shen Lei , Cao Jianshen , Liu Cailing , Hu Jiong , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin 
Published: December 2021

Summary

CaWRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) promotes immune responses to Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) and to high‐temperature, high‐humidity (HTHH) stress, but how it interacts with upstream signalling components remains poorly understood.

Here, using approaches of reverse genetics, biochemical and molecular biology we functionally characterised the relationships among the WRKYGMK‐containing WRKY protein CaWRKY27b, the calcium‐dependent protein kinase CaCDPK29, and CaWRKY40 during pepper response to RSI or HTHH.

Our data indicate that CaWRKY27b is upregulated and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon phosphorylation of Ser137 in the nuclear localisation signal by CaCDPK29. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and microscale thermophoresis, we observed that, due to the replacement of Q by M in the conserved WRKYGQK, CaWRKY27b in the nucleus failed to bind to W‐boxes in the promoters of immunity‐ and thermotolerance‐related marker genes. Instead, CaWRKY27b interacted with CaWRKY40 and promoted its binding and positive regulation of the tested marker genes including CaNPR1, CaDEF1 and CaHSP24. Notably, mutation of the WRKYGMK motif in CaWRKY27b to WRKYGQK restored the W‐box binding ability.

Our data therefore suggest that CaWRKY27b is phosphorylated by CaCDPK29 and acts as a transcriptional activator of CaWRKY40 during the pepper response to RSI and HTHH.
Investigating obesity‐related risk factors for childhood asthma
Authors: Chen Yang‐Ching , Su Ming‐Wei , Brumpton Ben M. , Lee Yungling L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe tested the hypothesis that multiple obesity‐related risk factors (obesity, physical activity, cardiopulmonary physical fitness, sleep‐disorder breathing (SDB), and sleep quality) are associated with childhood asthma using a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Furthermore, we aim to investigate whether these risk factors were associated with incident asthma prospectively.MethodsIn total, 7069 children aged 12 from the Taiwan Children Health Study were enrolled in the current study. Cross‐sectional logistic regression, one‐sample MR, summary‐level MR sensitivity analyses, and prospective survival analyses were used to investigate each causal pathway.ResultsIn MR analysis, three of the five risk factors (obesity, SDB, and sleep quality) were associated with asthma, with the highest effect sizes per inter‐quartile range (IQR) increase observed for sleep quality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.92) and the lowest for obesity (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00–1.16). In the prospective survival analysis, obesity showed the highest risk of incident asthma per IQR increase (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.56), followed by SDB (HR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.29) and sleep quality (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.17).ConclusionAmong the examined factors, the most plausible risk factors for asthma were obesity, SDB, and poor sleep quality. For the prevention of childhood asthma, relevant stakeholders should prioritize improving children's sleep quality and preventing obesity comorbidities such as SDB.
Conceptualizing career insecurity: Toward a better understanding and measurement of a multidimensional construct
Authors: Spurk Daniel , Hofer Annabelle , Hirschi Andreas , De Cuyper Nele , De Witte Hans 
Published: December 2021

AbstractApplying qualitative and quantitative analyses across four studies and seven samples, we clarified the meaning and developed a new measure of career insecurity. Career insecurity is defined as “an individual's thoughts and worries that central content aspects of one's future career might possibly develop in an undesired manner.” The new Multidimensional Career Insecurity Scale (MU‐CI‐S) measures eight career insecurity (CI) dimensions: (1) CI‐Career opportunities; (2) CI‐Decreased prestige and qualification requirements of the employment; (3) CI‐Contractual employment conditions; (4) CI‐Unemployment; (5) CI‐Change of workplace; (6) CI‐Retirement; (7) CI‐Work‐nonwork interactions; and (8) CI‐Discrepancy between individual resources and work demands. Across all studies, the MU‐CI‐S showed excellent psychometric properties (e.g., factor loadings of all items and internal consistencies of all dimensions) and high levels of construct validity (e.g., theoretically assumed factorial structure and discriminant and convergent validity). The analyses showed concurrent, predictive, and incremental validity beyond neuroticism and other job and career insecurity measures for predicting health and well‐being, job performance, career success, and career attitudes. The results provide a comprehensive assessment and investigation of career‐related insecurity perceptions in the current labor market. Moreover, the results offer theoretical and practical implications for individual career planning, career counseling, and organizational career management.
Unlikely conservation policy making in a polarized Congress: A multiple streams analysis of “America's most successful conservation program”
Authors: Dunning Kelly Heber 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), nicknamed “America's most successful conservation program,” was permanently reauthorized during the polarized Trump administration period in 2019. This victory for conservation came during an unlikely moment. How did bipartisan conservation policy pass despite the polarization of Congress during the Trump years? In this article, I use the Multiple Streams Framework to provide insights into the LWCF's reauthorization. Focusing on the problem stream, this research identifies messaging that transcends the partisan divide and appeals to broad American values. Analysis of the messages of policy entrepreneurs found that, regardless of political party, shared messages focus on the enduring legacy of the LWCF, its economic impacts, its symbolic weight, and its use of private dollars. The wider significance of this research is better understanding decision‐making contexts with surprising common messaging in the problem stream between otherwise opposing sides of the partisan divide.Related ArticlesAngervil, Gilvert. 2021. “A Comprehensive Application of Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework: An Analysis of the Obama Administration's No Child Left Behind Waiver Policy.” Politics & Policy 49(5): 980–1020. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12432Gershtenson, Joseph, Brian W. Smith, and William R. Mangun. 2006. “Friends of the Earth? Partisanship, Party Control of Congress, and Environmental Legislation in Congress.” Politics & Policy 34(1): 66–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00004.xRawat, Pragati, and John Charles Morris. 2016. “Kingdon's ‘Streams’ Model at Thirty: Still Relevant in the 21st Century?” Politics & Policy 44(4): 608–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12168
Immunogenicity and tolerability of COVID‐19 vaccination in peritoneal dialysis patients—A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Haase Michael , Lesny Paul , Haase‐Fielitz Anja , Anderson Mark , Cloherty Gavin , Stec Michael , Lucas Carlos , Santos‐Araujo Carla , Haarhaus Mathias , Macario Fernando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, information on the immunogenicity and tolerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is still scarce. We compared the immunogenicity and tolerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination of PD patients with that of medical personnel.MethodsIn a prospective observational cohort study, PD patients and immunocompetent medical personnel were evaluated for SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐IgG‐ and Nucleocapsid‐IgG‐antibody‐levels before, 2 weeks after the first, and 6 weeks after the second SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and vaccine tolerability after the first and second vaccination.ResultsIn COVID‐19‐naïve PD patients (N = 19), lower SARS‐CoV‐2‐spike‐IgG‐levels were found compared with COVID‐19‐naïve medical personnel (N = 24) 6 weeks after second vaccination (median 1438 AU/ml [25th–75th percentile 775–5261] versus 4577 [1529–9871]; p = 0.045). This finding resulted in a lower rate of strong vaccine response (spike‐IgG ≥ 1000 AU/ml) of COVID‐19‐naïve PD patients compared with medical personnel (58% versus 92%; p = 0.013), but not for seroconversion rate (spike‐IgG ≥ 50 AU/ml: 100% vs. 100%; p > 0.99). After first vaccination, COVID‐naïve PD patients presented with significantly fewer side effects than medical personnel (number of any side effect: 1 [1–2] vs. 4 [1–7]; p = 0.015). A similar pattern with slightly decreased frequencies of side effects was observed for tolerability of second SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in PD patients and medical personnel (number of any side effects: 1 [1–1] vs. 2 [1–5]; p = 0.006).ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in COVID‐19‐naïve PD patients appeared to induce a very high rate of seroconversion but a substantially lower rate of patients with a strong response compared with medical personnel. Vaccination appeared to be safe in the PD patients studied.
Ten-year prediction model for post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction and early detection of COPD: development and validation in two middle-aged population-based cohorts
Authors: Perret Jennifer L , Vicendese Don , Simons Koen , Jarvis Debbie L , Lowe Adrian J , Lodge Caroline J , Bui Dinh S , Tan Daniel , Burgess John A , Erbas Bircan , Bickerstaffe Adrian , Hancock Kerry , Thompson Bruce R , Hamilton Garun S , Adams Robert , Benke Geza P , Thomas Paul S , Frith Peter , McDonald Christine F , Blakely Tony , Abramson Michael J , Walters E Haydn , Minelli Cosetta , Dharmage Shyamali C 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundClassifying individuals at high chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-risk creates opportunities for early COPD detection and active intervention.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a statistical model to predict 10-year probabilities of COPD defined by post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (post-BD-AO; forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity<5th percentile).SettingGeneral Caucasian populations from Australia and Europe, 10 and 27 centres, respectively.ParticipantsFor the development cohort, questionnaire data on respiratory symptoms, smoking, asthma, occupation and participant sex were from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) participants at age 41–45 years (n=5729) who did not have self-reported COPD/emphysema at baseline but had post-BD spirometry and smoking status at age 51–55 years (n=2407). The validation cohort comprised participants from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II and III (n=5970), restricted to those of age 40–49 and 50–59 with complete questionnaire and spirometry/smoking data, respectively (n=1407).Statistical methodRisk-prediction models were developed using randomForest then externally validated.ResultsArea under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) of the final model was 80.8% (95% CI 80.0% to 81.6%), sensitivity 80.3% (77.7% to 82.9%), specificity 69.1% (68.7% to 69.5%), positive predictive value (PPV) 11.1% (10.3% to 11.9%) and negative predictive value (NPV) 98.7% (98.5% to 98.9%). The external validation was fair (AUCROC75.6%), with the PPV increasing to 17.9% and NPV still 97.5% for adults aged 40–49 years with ≥1 respiratory symptom. To illustrate the model output using hypothetical case scenarios, a 43-year-old female unskilled worker who smoked 20 cigarettes/day for 30 years had a 27% predicted probability for post-BD-AO at age 53 if she continued to smoke. The predicted risk was 42% if she had coexistent active asthma, but only 4.5% if she had quit after age 43.ConclusionThis novel and validated risk-prediction model could identify adults aged in their 40s at high 10-year COPD-risk in the general population with potential to facilitate active monitoring/intervention in predicted ‘COPD cases’ at a much earlier age.
Systematic CT perfusion acquisition in acute stroke increases vascular occlusion detection and thrombectomy rates
Authors: Olive-Gadea Marta , Requena Manuel , Diaz Facundo , Boned Sandra , Garcia-Tornel Alvaro , Muchada Marian , Deck Matias , Lozano Prudencio , Rodriguez-Villatoro Noelia , Juega Jesus , Pagola Jorge , Rodriguez-Luna David , Rubiera Marta , Marti Cristian , Molina Carlos A , Piñana Carlos , Hernandez David , Tomasello Alejandro , Ribo Marc 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn patients with stroke, current guidelines recommend non-invasive vascular imaging to identify intracranial vessel occlusions (VO) that may benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT). However, VO can be missed in CT angiography (CTA) readings. We aim to evaluate the impact of consistently including CT perfusion (CTP) in admission stroke imaging protocols.MethodsFrom April to October 2020 all patients admitted with a suspected acute ischemic stroke underwent urgent non-contrast CT, CTA and CTP and were treated accordingly. Hypoperfusion areas defined by time-to-maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax) >6 s, congruent with the clinical symptoms and a vascular territory, were considered VO (CTP-VO). In addition, two experienced neuroradiologists blinded to CTP but not to clinical symptoms retrospectively evaluated non-contrast CT and CTA to identify intracranial VO (CTA-VO).ResultsOf the 338 patients included in the analysis, 157 (46.5%) presented with CTP-VO (median Tmax >6s: 73 (29–127) mL). CTA-VO was identified in 83 (24.5%) of the cases. Overall CTA-VO sensitivity for the detection of CTP-VO was 50.3% and specificity was 97.8%. Higher hypoperfusion volume was associated with increased CTA-VO detection (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.04). EVT was performed in 103 patients (30.5%; Tmax >6s: 102 (63–160) mL), representing 65.6% of all CTP-VO. Overall CTA-VO sensitivity for the detection of EVT-VO was 69.9% and specificity was 95.3%. Among patients who received EVT, the rate of false negative CTA-VO was 30.1% (Tmax >6s: 69 (46–99.5) mL).ConclusionSystematically including CTP in acute stroke admission imaging protocols may increase the diagnosis of VO and rate of EVT.
The modern structurator: increased performance for calculating the structure function
Authors: Norouzisadeh Mojtaba , Chraga Mohammed , Cerchiari Giovanni , Croccolo Fabrizio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe autocorrelation function is a statistical tool that is often combined with dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques to investigate the dynamical behavior of the scattered light fluctuations in order to measure, for example, the diffusive behavior of transparent particles dispersed in a fluid. An alternative approach to the autocorrelation function for the analysis of DLS data has been proposed decades ago and consists of calculating the autocorrelation function starting from difference of the signal at different times by using the so-called structure function. The structure function approach has been proven to be more robust than the autocorrelation function method in terms of noise and drift rejection. Therefore, the structure function analysis has gained visibility, in particular in combination with imaging techniques such as dynamic shadowgraphy and differential dynamic microscopy. Here, we show how the calculation of the structure function over thousands of images, typical of such techniques, can be accelerated, with the aim of achieving real-time analysis. The acceleration is realized by taking advantage of the Wiener–Khinchin theorem, i.e., by calculating the difference of images through Fourier transform in time. The new algorithm was tested both on CPU and GPU hardware, showing that the acceleration is particularly large in the case of CPU.