bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Photograph as Material for Analysis and as a Creative Act. Visual Methods in Social Studies - Reflections and Dilemmas
Authors: Dobińska Gabriela , Cieślikowska-Ryczko Angelika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the issues of implementing visual methods in social sciences. The following discussion consists of three fundamental parts. The introduction contains a description of theoretical and methodological dilemmas characteristic of the implementation of visual data, namely primarily photographic material, in social studies. The subsequent part is a characterization of the author’s research strategy, oriented towards organizing the fieldwork of probation officers using the photographic walk method. The strategy was inspired by the tenets of visual grounded theory. In the final part, the authors present selected conclusions associated with the possibilities and limitations of the developed research strategy. Key issues included in the final section of the paper refer to questions connected with plasticity of narration and image, the role of the researcher as creator and interpreter of photographs, and the process of objectification of empirical material. Using the potential of the photographic walk to fulfil the objective, the authors implemented visual and mobile methods. Collected empirical data includes nine transcripts of long conversations, based on an informal disposition card, a set of 1,500 photographs taken during the walks, as well as field notes. The paper presents reflections, dilemmas, difficulties and observations connected with the implementation of the selected strategy, which showed multidimensionality of conducted studies at the stage of development, organization, analysis and construction of theoretical statements.
Introduction
Authors: Marconi Diego 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This introduction is a short critical presentation of the topic and main arguments of Andrea Iacona’s book Logical Form. Furthermore, it summarizes the commentators’ views on two central issues: Iacona’s rejection of the uniqueness thesis, i.e. his claim that no single notion of logical form can be adequate to the tasks that logical form has been supposed to perform, and the relation between a sentence’s logical form and its truth conditions.
Logical Form, Truth Conditions, and Adequate Formalization
Authors: Gómez-Torrente Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
I discuss Andrea Iacona’s idea that logical form mirrors truth conditions, and that logical form, and thus truth conditions, are in turn represented by means of adequate formalization. I criticize this idea, noting that the notion of adequate formalization is highly indefinite, while the pre-theoretic idea of logical form is often much more definite. I also criticize Iacona’s claim that certain distinct sentences, with the same truth conditions and differing only by co-referential names, must be formalized by the same formula (in the same context). I criticize this claim, noting that it imposes implausible demands on adequate formalization. Finally, I offer some brief remarks on the connection between Iacona’s ideas and the distinction between logical and non-logical constants.
Varieties of Logical Form
Authors: Sainsbury Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper reviews some conceptions of logical form in the light of Andrea Iacona’s book Logical Form. I distinguish the following: logical form as schematization of natural language, provided by, for example, Aristotle’s syllogistic; the relevance to logical form of formal languages like those used by Frege and Russell to express and prove mathematical theorems; Russell’s mid-period conception of logical form as the structural cement binding propositions; the conceptions of logical form discussed by Iacona; and logical form regarded as an empirical hypothesis about the psychology of language processing, as in the Discourse Representation Theory tradition. Whereas neither schematization, nor the use of special languages for mathematics, raise general methodological or empirical difficulties, other conceptions of logical form raise at least apparent problems.
Seru production as an alternative to a traditional assembly line
Authors: Zwierzyński Patryk , Ahmad Hesham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents the concept of seru production and a simple simulation experiment to check the application effectiveness of the seru production concept in the assembly line of finished products. The article presents the concept of seru production created by Japanese electronics manufacturing companies in the 90s. The simulation experiment showed, better results using the seru production concept compared to a traditional assembly line. Three types of production cells were used and each option turned out to be better than a traditional assembly line.
Efficiency of oil-production: the role of institutional factors
Authors: Chygryn Olena , Lyulyov Oleksii , Pimonenko Tetyana , Mlaabdal Saad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article aims to provide a theoretical basis for the assessment of the institutional impact on oil production. The availability of fuel is the key driver of the functioning national economy, which determines the strategic and tactical landmarks of socioeconomic development and vectors of the country's foreign economic course. Such tendencies are represented in the results of the provided correlation analysis of the fluctuation between oil-production volumes and greenhouse gas emissions, the use of alternative energy sources, the number of patents for oil production, and unemployment. The provided bibliometric analysis, which was made using VOSviewer, has shown the content of interconnections between the categories of oil production and institutional determinants. The authors hypothesised that changes in the institutional environment and their interconnectedness formed a chain “oil production and oil rents → the level of corruption → the efficiency of public governance”. The hypothesis was confirmed by constructing a system of dynamic models and using the Generalised Method of Moments. The calculations confirmed that oil rents were associated with corruption and were a direct threat to the stability of public institutions. An increasing level of corruption was associated with an increase in the level of rent payments and occurred only when the quality of democratic institutions was below the threshold level. The current level of efficiency in public administration did not have a significant impact on national oil production. Of all indicators, only the level of political stability had a statistically significant impact on oil production. The identified interconnections provide the basis for creating an efficient state policy aimed at effectively functioning state institutions, which promote the development of the oil industry, and the reduction of the country's energy dependence as well as strengthen the resilience of the national economy.
Effects of mechanical stimuli on structure and organization of bone nanocomposites in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Kostyshyn Nazar M. , Gzhegotskyi Mechyslav R. , Kostyshyn Liybov P. , Mudry Stepan I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. Clinical use of glucocorticoids is a frequent cause of secondary osteoporosis, which reduces the mineral density of bones and results in pathological fractures. Mechanical stimulation as non-physiological high-frequency vibration with low acceleration prevents the loss of a crystalline component and stimulates the anabolic remodeling of the bone. The aim of the present research was to assess the impact of mechanical vibration on the bone structure in rats, which received glucocorticoids.

Methods. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: Vehicle control (Veh), Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Mps), and Mps combined with whole-body vibration (WBV). Rats of Mps+WBV and Mps groups received 3 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone every other day for 24 weeks and rats of Veh group received 0.9% saline (sodium chloride). The group of rats Mps+WBV was subjected to WBV for 30 minutes per day for five days a week with parameters 0.3 g and frequency 50 Hz. Relative amount of crystalline component and collagen in the bones was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and calcium level – by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bone tissue metabolism was assessed by determining the concentration of markers, in particular osteocalcin and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5b).

Results. Glucocorticoids induced a considerable increase in the rats body mass (+13%) and decreased the content of mineral component in the femoral neck (–17%) in Mps group compared with Veh. The process of the bone metabolism was significantly accelerated, which is proven by an increased level of remodeling markers. It should be mentioned that WBV did not allow significant decrease in mineral component of the bone to 16th week of the experiment compared with Mps group, although these parameters did not achieve the indices in the Vehicle control group (–10%). Our investigation allows to suggest that mechanical high-frequency vibration of low intensity can partially inhibit the harmful consequences of glucocorticoids on bone structure in rats. Despite the positive impact of vibration on the bone tissue after Mps introduction in the 8th–16th week, this influence was not statistically reliable in the 24th week of the experiment.

Conclusions. The results of our investigation on animal model indicate that non-physiological vertical mechanical vibrations are an effective means to prevent loss of a mineral bone component during treatment with glucocorticoids.
Work Demands, Independence, Valuation as a Farmer, and Mental Health in Farming. A Study of Mental Health Among Dairy Farmers and Vegetable- And Potato Farmers in Norway
Authors: Logstein Brit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the aim was to advance the knowledge about mental health status in the Norwegian farming population. Based on the dimensions in the Job Demand and Control model (Karasek, 1979); work demands and control, and the importance of recognition and dignity (Andrew Sayer, 2011), the aim was to study the effects of work demands, sense of independence and valuation on mental health status among farmers. It included an assessment of how the sectorial level, the sectors of dairy production and vegetable- and potato production, explains farmers` mental health status. A postal survey was conducted in 2012 using a structured questionnaire, and I included farmers from two sectors in the Norwegian agriculture: dairy farming (n = 493) and vegetable and potato farming (n = 122). The analyses were carried out by multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM). This study concludes that low work demands in farming, strong sense of independence as a farmer, and farmers` perception of valuation associate with good mental health. The mental health status in dairy farmers and vegetable and potato farmers and the effects of work demands, sense of independence and valuation on mental health status, were equal across groups.
The Regional Development of the Rural Areas in Bulgaria and the Support of the European Union
Authors: Petrov Kamen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This exhibition is dedicated to the regional problems of rural areas in Bulgaria. The European dimensions of the territorial development of rural areas and their role for the socio-economic development of the population are successively considered. Gradually, the focus shifts to Bulgaria, addressing the main challenges facing rural areas. The territorial problems in front of the settlements, the emerging demographic problems accompanied by internal migrations, are presented. An analysis was made about the problems with employment, the deteriorated social infrastructure, and other problems, which show the real picture of the rural areas in Bulgaria. The overall analysis reveals the needs of rural areas and the state of the population in it. Recommendations are proposed for the implementation of targeted policies for regional rural development.
Drought tolerance of three ethnomedicinal shrubs evaluated based on their seed germination rates at different drought levels induced by using polyethylene glycol (PEG6000)
Authors: Dadach Mohammed , Mehdadi Zoheir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall.
Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review
Authors: Shareef Hussein J. , Al-Tememi Ibtihaj H. , Abdi Gholamreza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented.
Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv.
Authors: Al-Mayahi Ahmed Madi Waheed , Ali Abdulminam Hussian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952.
Application of the Partial Triadic Analysis Method to Analyze the Crime Rate in Poland in the Years 2000–2017
Authors: Misztal Małgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Research background: Crime is a complex social phenomenon studied by scientists from various disciplines, as well as being of interest to politicians and the general public. Although the decrease in the level of crime has been observed in Poland in recent years, there is still a need to search for effective methods of investigating the phenomenon of crime in a multidimensional perspective.

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to assess the spatial and temporal diversity of the chosen criminal offences categories in Poland from 2000 to 2017.

Research methodology: The analyzed dataset constitutes a data cube: objects x variables x time. This type of data requires the use of methods dealing with three-way data structures, therefore the Partial Triadic Analysis, belonging to the STATIS family methods, was successfully applied.

Results: The structure of crime by voivodeship was fairly stable during the analyzed years. Three clusters of voivodeships similar in terms of the criminal crime rate were determined. The Podkarpackie Voivodeship was characterized by the most stable structure of criminal crime in the considered period. In contrast, noticeable changes in the crime structure over time were observed in the Opolskie, Dolnośląskie, Mazowieckie and Małopolskie Voivodeships. The highest variability was observed for crimes under The Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction.

Novelty: To the best knowledge of the author, there are no papers on the level of crime using the PTA method for analysis.
The Fears of Elderly People in the Process of Purchasing Food Products
Authors: Olejniczak Magdalena , Olejniczak Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Research background: The growing segment of elderly consumers implies the need to permanently explore the needs and expectations of older people in relation to the offer of food products. This is because, as the research results show, the households of the elderly are characterized by the different fulfillment of needs compared to others.

Purpose: The survey conducted among people over 60 in 2019 was aimed at determining the selected concerns of senior consumers related to the safety of food products.

Research methodology: The research among people over 60 years of age was conducted in the Wielkopolska region (of Poland) in 2019 on a sample of 373 people. The respondents were selected using the quota selection method.

Results: The vast majority of seniors point to a variety of concerns about the safety of food products. This is surprising, as the respondents equally often emphasize that food in Poland is safe.

Novelty: The observations are an important implication for producers or commercial agents – their task is to prepare messages to confirm that the food products offered meet the quality requirements. The process of educating older people can be made difficult – primarily through their well-established (over the years) nutritional practices related to the purchase and consumption of those products that are essential for life.
Cultural Differences in a Restaurant’s Communication with Unsatisfied Customers – The Case of Tripadvisor
Authors: Żbikowska Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Research background: Platforms such as TripAdvisor have the potential to influence consumers’ decision-making processes, so negative user-generated reviews could have a harmful impact on a company’s reputation and sales. However, the proper mangers’ approach to customer complaints expressed on social media can have a positive impact on the companies’ performance.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to indicate whether restaurant managers use TripAdvisor to communicate with dissatisfied customers and whether national culture influences this communication.

Research methodology: The methods used in the research were both a quantitative and qualitative content analyses of restaurants’ responses to negative reviews posted on TripAdvisor. The research covered a random sample of restaurants located in Cracow (Poland), Frankfurt (Germany) and Porto (Portugal), and listed on TripAdvisor.

Results: The research showed that differences in communication, which may result from dissimilar cultural conditions, are relatively small.

Novelty: The research shows whether and to what extent restaurant managers respond to negative comments posted on TripAdvisor. At the same time, research results indicate whether the responses of managers are culturally determined.
Quality of Scots pine, European beech and pedunculate oak grown from sowing on soil with different compaction levels
Authors: Banach Jacek , Kormanek Mariusz , Jaźwiński Jakub 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we explore the effect of soil compaction on the growth of seedlings of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L., European beech Fagus sylvatica L. and pedunculate oak Quercus robur L. On the experimental plots, ground contact pressures ranging from 0 to 250 kPa was applied on the soil. The applied pressure resulted in an increase in soil compaction between 1.02 to 1.19 g cm–3, which reflected pressures exerted by the undercarriage of vehicles used in logging. We then measured the seedlings as well as the dry weight of the roots and the above-ground parts. Using this data, we calculated the following quality indicators for each seedling: SQ – sturdiness quotient, S/R – shoot to root dry mass, DQI – Dickson quality index. For pedunculate oak, the SQ value significantly improved with increasing soil compaction, whereas no differences in the other two indicators were observed. In case of the European beech, the best value of SQ and DQI were observed at a soil density of 1.11 g cm–3, whilst no significant difference for the S/R coefficient could be found. Completely different results were obtained for Scots pine. The most favorable growth was observed when no pressure was applied. However, the SQ and S/R ratios even exceeded the values commonly considered acceptable. Our results therefore indicate that the values of seedling quality indicators are indeed influenced by soil compaction. At a soil compaction of 1.11 g cm–3, the share of seedlings with the SQ value below the critical level was the highest, but a similar relationship could not be confirmed for the other indicators. The response of the seedlings to compaction is likely to be species specific.