bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Accommodative Convergence/Accommodation (AC/A) and Near Convergence/Distance (NC/D) Ratios in Esotropia
Authors: Filipovic Tatjana 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction: In esotropías, measurement of AC/A and NC/D ratios are Important for exact classification and adequate therapy. We devised a table for the calculation of AC/A and NC/D ratios to facilitate their estimation.
Method: For the assessment of AC/A ratio, we used the grathent method range 6 Dsph and for the NC/D ratio we used the heterophoria method. For the calculation of both ratios, we used our own table. A series of 102 children were examined.
Results: The mean value of AC/A ratio for esotropías was 4.86±2.05. The mean value of AC/A ratio for the control group was 3.9±1.92.The difference was 0.96 and was statistically significant at the level of 5% (Student's / test). The AC/A ratio is high in esotropia ranging from 1 to 1 0. At 58% of esotropías, the AC/A ratio is higher than the mean value of AC/A ratio of the control group.
The mean value of the NC/D ratio for esotropía was 5.9±1 .51 . The mean value of the NC/D ratio for the control group was 5.1 ±1.5. The difference of 0.8 was statistically significant at a level of 5%. Thus, in esotropia the NC/D ratio is high.
The NC/D ratio in esotropia ranges from I to 10. The NC/D ratio is low in 16% of esotropías.
Conclusion: Our own table for calculating the AC/A and NC/D ratios was useful because it facilitates their determination. The mean values of AC/A and NC/D ratios in esotropia are high and range from 1 to 10. In 58% of cases the AC/A ratio Is high and in 84% of cases the NC/D ratio Is high and can be responsible for the oculomotor imbalance.
Lenz Syndrome in Two Sisters: Clinicopathologic Correlations of the Ocular Anomalies
Authors: Krishnamurthy Mina S , Urban Robert C , Kousseff Boris G , Margo Curtis E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: The Lenz syndrome (Mendelian Inheritance in Man catalog number 309800) is a presumed X-linked recessive disorder. Major diagnostic criteria include ocular, skeletal, and urogenital manifestations. We describe two sisters and the two sons of one of them with Lenz syndrome. The eye from one boy was removed because of pain and total loss of vision, allowing histopathologic documentation of the ocular malformations.
Methods: Clinicopathologic case report.
Results: Two sisters in this family displayed several of the major diagnostic criteria of the Lenz syndrome. The stunted growth of the eye, and the ocular and non-ocular anomalies defines the microphthatmos as monogenie, complex, and colobomatous.
Conclusion: The pattern of inheritance of Lenz syndrome is best explained by X-linked dominant transmission. Future reports of familial cases with an excess of affected females are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Long-term Results of Trabeculectomy for Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Dureau Pascal , Dollfus Hélène , Cassegrain Christine , Dufier Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: To evaluate long-term results of intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy for congenital glaucoma.
Methods: Data concerning 55 eyes (30 patients) who underwent trabeculectomy for congenital glaucoma were recorded. Mean age at diagnosis was 3.4 months (range: 2 days to 10 months). Mean follow up was 56.8 months. Associated anterior segment abnormalities, need for one or more new trabeculectomy procedures during follow up, and intraocular pressure at the last examination were noted.
Results: Of the 55 eyes, 48 met the success criteria (87.3%). A second and sometimes third or fourth trabeculectomy were necessary during follow up in 17 eyes (31%). Of the seven failures at final examination, six (85%) had been diagnosed and operated on before the age of 1 month, whereas 15 of the 48 eyes with good results (31.2%) were in this group (p<.02). Of the seven failures at final examination, six (85%) were operated on two to four times, whereas 10 of the 48 eyes with good results (20.1%) were in this group (p<0.01). An associated anterior segment abnormality was present in 13 eyes (23%), and did not seem to influence the final outcome.
Conclusion: Trabeculectomy is an effective procedure for long-term control of intraocular pressure in congenital glaucoma. The early diagnosis and surgical treatment correspond to a poor long-term prognosis, probably related to initially severe cases. In these cases, intraocular pressure is difficult to control despite repeated surgical procedures.
Laser Interferometric Prediction of Postoperative Visual Acuity in Patients With Genetic Ectopia Lentis
Authors: Guo Xiangming , Chen Youzhao , Guo Li , Jia Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare preoperative laser interference visual acuity (LIVA) with postoperative Snellen visual acuity (SVA), and to evaluate clinical significance using laser interferometer in patients with genetic ectopia lentis.
Methods: We treated a series of 18 patients (34 eyes) with genetic ectopia lentis whose visual acuity did not improve with optical phakic or aphakic correction, or with modern microsurgery and automated suction-cutting devices. Laser interferometry and electroretinogram (ERG) were used for the examination of retinal function before surgery.
Results: There was not significant difference between the interferometric acuity before operation and the corrected visual acuity after operation (p>0.05), and the coincidence rate between them was 80% (27 eyes). ERG examination showed normal function in most of the patients.
Conclusions: The results showed that the laser interferometric acuity is a valuable method in evaluation of postoperative visual acuity in patients with ectopia lentis. In six eyes, the LIVA was lower than the initial corrected vision postoperatively, but ERG examination showed that the retinal function was normal in these patients. Therefore, in patients with genetic ectopia lentis, LIVA combined with ERG predicts visual acuity more accurately.
Evaluation of Superior Oblique Weakening Procedures
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Khokhar Sudarshan , Thanikachalam  
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate two superior oblique weakening procedures, silicon expander (SE), and translational recession (TR), and their effects on correction of "A" pattern, vertical deviation in adduction and dorsoadduction, superior oblique overaction, and torsion.
Method: In a prospective, institution-based study, 32 eyes of 16 patients having bilateral superior oblique overaction with significant "A" pattern (>10 prism diopters [?]) were evaluated. The parameters studied were: change in "A" pattern; effect on vertical deviation in adduction and dorsoadduction; superior oblique overaction; and torsion.
Results: The index of surgical effect (ISE), showed 95% reduction in "A" pattern with SE and 92% reduction with TR, indicating equal effect in collapse of "A" phenomenon (p=0.78). The extorsion produced by TR was more than that produced by SE (P=0001).
Conclusions: Both the SE and TR procedures offered controlled weakening of the superior oblique and caused a 95% and 92% reduction in the "A" pattern. The latter procedure caused a marked extorsiona! change, three times that which resulted from SE. Both the procedures leave residual superior oblique overaction.
Journal of Pediatrie Ophthalmology and Strabismus 1999;36:189-195.
Cataract Surgery in Children With Uveitis
Authors: Paikos Peter , Fotopoulou Maria , Papathanassiou Miltiadis , Choreftaki Panagiota , Spyropoulos Grigorios 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To report the technique and postoperative results of cataract surgery in children with uveitis.
Method: Between 1988 and 1998, nine children (age range: 2.5-11 years) who developed secondary uveitic cataract and underwent cataract extraction were studied retrospectively. Seven children had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and two had chronic anterior uveitis of unknown etiology. The surgical technique was lensectomy and wide anterior vitrectomy with limbal approach, lysis of anterior synechiae and in some cases, peripheral iridectomy. Postoperative aphakia was corrected with soft contact lenses in all patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 6 years.
Results: Postoperatively, visual acuity in all patients improved and final visual acuity ranged from 20/70 to 20/25. Significant intraoperative complications did not occcur in any patient. One boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis developed cystoid macular edema 1 month postoperatively, which was successfully managed. He also developed hypertonia 1 year later, which was also successfully managed. Seven of the nine children had fewer and milder relapses of uveitis after surgery.
Conclusion: Cataract surgery, using the lensectomy-vitrectomy technique in children with uveitis, is a safe technique with a relatively small percentage of postoperative complications and good functional results.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:16-20.
Normal Neonatal Values of Ophthalmic and Central Retinal Artery Blood Flow Velocities
Authors: Romagnoli Costantino , Papacci Patrizia , Zecca Enrico , Giannantonio Carmen , De Carolis Maria Pia , Tortorolo Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To define standard values of blood flow velocities and indices in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries in the neonatal period.
Methods: Forty-two healthy full-term neonates comprised the study population. A color Doppler with mechanical sector probe was used for measuring blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries. Systolic, end diastolic, and mean-enveloped velocities were measured, and the resistance index and pulsatility index were calculated.
Results: Ophthalmic artery Doppler velocities were similar on the first and third days of life, but increased significantly on the fifth and seventh days of life; resistance index significantly increased during the first week of life, whereas pulsatility index did not change significantly. Doppler velocities of the central retinal artery were similar on the first and third days; they show a delayed increase compared to the ophthalmic artery. Central retinal artery blood flow velocities increased significantly from the third to seventh postnatal day. Resistance index also increased between the first two days and on the fifth and seventh postnatal days, while pulsatility index did not change.
Conclusion: These data constitute a starting point for studying the possible relationship between eye circulation and pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2001;38:213-217.
Clinical and Histopathological Features of Congenital Fibrovascular Pupillary Membranes in a Chinese Case Series
Authors: Liang Tianwei , Zhang Chengyue , Fu Libing , Hu Man , Zhang Lianxin , Li Li 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical and histopathological features of congenital fibrovascular pupillary membrane (CFPM) in Chinese patients.

Methods:
This retrospective study reviewed CFPM cases treated at Beijing Children's Hospital. The clinical manifestations, approaches of treatment, outcomes, and histopathological findings were collected and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 33 patients with CFPM were reviewed. All patients had unilateral eye involvement. A total of 21 eyes (63.64%) had a white membrane that partially covered the pupil and 12 eyes (36.36%) had a membrane that completely covered the pupil. Of the 12 eyes with a complete pupillary membrane, 6 (50%) had glaucoma. For eyes with a partial pupillary membrane, 11 eyes (52.38%) were followed up at the outpatient clinic without surgery and 10 eyes (47.62%) underwent membranectomy and pupilloplasty due to visual axis blockage. For the 12 eyes with a complete pupillary membrane, 6 eyes (50%) with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) received membranectomy and pupilloplasty combined with iridectomy, and 1 (16.67%) of these 6 eyes underwent a reoperation after 5 months due to a recurrent membrane. Furthermore, 6 eyes (50%) with glaucoma had membranectomy, pupilloplasty, iridectomy, and goniosynechialysis. Among these 6 eyes, 2 eyes (33.33%) underwent a reoperation due to the recurrence of a membrane and 4 eyes (66.67%) had a pale optic disc. The histopathological findings revealed that these membranes were mainly composed of fibrous tissue, lymphocytes, pigment epithelial cells, and vascular tissues.

Conclusions:
CFPM has diverse manifestations, including a partial pupillary membrane, a complete pupillary membrane with normal IOP, and a complete pupillary membrane with glaucoma. Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical when the visual axis is blocked and/or the IOP is high.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(2):105–111.]
Clinical and Electrophysiological Outcomes After Eye Muscle Surgery in 81 Adults With Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome
Authors: Hertle Richard W. , Curtis Molly , Boydstun Ian , Juric Ana , Evliyaoglu Ferhat , Ricker Isabel 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To characterize the effects of eye muscle surgery on patients older than 18 years with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) who have had only optical treatment.

Methods:
This was a prospective, single-center, interventional case series analysis of clinical and electro-phyisological data before and after surgery. Outcome measures included: clinical characteristics, surgical procedure, and preoperative and postoperative binocular best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the null position, anomalous head posture (AHP), contrast sensitivity, strabismic deviation, and nystagmus acuity function (NAFX). Postoperative data used were collected for a minimum of 12 months after surgery. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis of the outcome measures was performed.

Results:
Ages ranged from 18 to 72 years (average: 36 years) and follow-up from 12 to 74 months (average: 26 months). A surgical algorithm of nine separate procedures involving at least two recti muscles on each eye was used for each patient. Most patients had associated systemic and/or ocular diagnoses, including albinism (35%), amblyopia (23%), optic nerve or retinal disorders (48%), refractive error (80%), AHP (44%), aperiodicity (27%), and strabismus (69%). There were no serious surgical complications, with a reoperation rate of 12%. There were significant group mean increases in BVCA, AHP, contrast sensitivity, strabismic deviation, and NAFX after surgery. Sixty percent of patients who were legally ineligible for driving prior to surgery became eligible after eye muscle surgery.

Conclusions:
Adult patients with INS showed sustained improvement in many afferent and efferent measures of visual function after eye muscle surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(2):93–104.]
The Perceptual Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquents*
Authors: Petrie Asenath , McCulloch Rook , Kazdin Phoebe 
Published: April 2021

EDITORIAL NOTE:
This research merits more than one reading with particular attention to the technique described and studied consideration should be given to the psychological implications of Reducer-Augmenter in regard to planning patient activities on nursing units. This research suggests a technique which could provide a more scientific approach to planning therapeutic activities for patients. Psychiatric Nursing needs more specific methods and techniques to better establish the therapeutic activities to be provided. This could be one to be further researched by psychiatric nurses to determine its application to patient care planning at the ward level.
Reclaiming Control in Stalking Cases
Authors: Spitzberg Brian H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Some common myths about stalking are debunked on the basis of research. In light of such research, stalking is examined in terms of its prevalence, the degree to which it is a gendered phenomenon, the tactics stalkers use in their pursuit, the effects of such unwanted pursuit on victims, and the tactics victims typically use to manage such pursuit. Recommendations are made regarding these strategies.
Corneal Topographic Changes Induced by Pterygia
Authors: Pavilack Mark A , Halpern Barton L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study characterizes the topographic changes induced by pterygia.
METHODS: Using data obtained from a videokeratoscope (TMS-1), we assessed the topographic changes of corneas from 24 consecutive eyes with pterygia.
RESULTS: Each pterygium induced a localized area of flattening central to its apex of 38.00 ± 2.80 diopter (D) which was significantly flatter (p < .0001) than the mean corneal power (43.70 ± 1.70), minimum corneal power (MinK, 42.70 ± 2.10), and the power of the flattest corneal meridian (42.90 ± 1.90).
CONCLUSIONS: Our topographic findings characterize an area of localized corneal flattening central to the apex of pterygia. It is not known if this pterygium-associated corneal flattening influences the centripetal growth of pterygia or their tendency not to cross the visual axis. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:92-95.]
Repeatability of Corneal Topography: The "Corneal Field"
Authors: Zadnik Karla , Friedman Nina E , Mutti Donald O 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the interoccasion repeatability of keratometry, photokeratography, and videokeratography and to describe the "corneal field," a scheme for explaining videokeratography results.
METHODS: A single examiner obtained corneal curvature measurements with a keratometer, a photokeratoscope, and the TMS-1 in 29 adult patients on two occasions.
RESULTS: Estimates for the repeatability of keratometry were ±0.49 and ±0.65 diopters (D) for the horizontal and vertical meridians respectively. The repeatability of photokeratography was ±0.90 and ±1.21 D. We presented a rational method for presenting numeric videokeratographic data by temporally and spatially averaging corneal curvature values and grouping them into 24 regions. The repeatability of videokerategraphy with the TMS-1 was ±0.50 D centrally, ±0.65 D paracentrally, and ±0.80 to ±1.00 D in the midperiphery.
CONCLUSIONS: Repeatability of the photokeratoscope for central measurements is considerably worse than the keratometer. The repeatability of videokeratography is worse toward the periphery. Refractive surgeons and contact lens investigators need to be aware of these limitations so that true change can be distinguished from measurement error.[J Refract Corneal Surg 1995;11:119-125.]
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis for Myopia Using Manual Dissection
Authors: Gomes Marcos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Forty-two eyes underwent interlamellar photoablation, a simple method of exposing the stroma to excimer laser treatment using common surgical instruments. A 8 mm diameter line up to 200 µm thick is raised manually from its bed. The stromal bed is reshaped with the excimer laser, and restoring the disc results in correction of high myopia. Our own nomogram was used.
This method allows the use of less corticosteroids and final visual acuity recovers between 20 and 90 days postoperatively, time required for interface adherence and epithelial remodeling. Two treatment zones were used when 80% of the patient's myopia was greater than 10.00 diopters (D). One-year follow-up data allowed us to conclude that this method achieved results similar to excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). [J Refract Surg. 1995;11 (suppl.):S239-S243.]
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy For Myopia: Two-year Follow Up
Authors: Amano Shiro , Shimizu Kimiya 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study, comprising 60 eyes with a follow up of at least 2 years, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia in Japanese people. Eyes were divided into three groups: low myopia group (-2.00 diopters (D) to -3.00 D), 11 eyes; medium myopia group (-3.10 D to -6.00 D), 28 eyes; and high myopia group (-6.10 D to -14.00 D), 21 eyes. In 60 eyes, uncorrected visual acuity improved and spectacle corrected visual acuity remained unchanged. At 2 years, 100%, 75%, and 52%, respectively, of the low, medium, and high myopia groups, were within ± 1.00 D of the attempted correction. Twenty-two eyes (37%) developed corneal haze of grade 2 or more. These data show that in low or medium myopia the predictability is good. But we think we have to pay attention to the strong haze, which seems to have developed more frequently in Japanese people than in previous reports of PRK in Caucasians. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11 (suppl): S253-S260]
The Effect of Spherical Photorefractive Keratectomy On Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Loewenstein Anat , Lipshitz Isaac , Lichtenstein Florina , Ben-Sirah Ayala , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The aim of this report is to present the effects of spherical photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) by excimer laser on myopic astigmatism.
Spherical PRK was performed in 96 eyes with myopia associated with astigmatism of between 0.75 and 2.00 diopters (D) using the Summit excimer laser.
The reduction both in sphere and in cylinder was found to be highly statistically significant (P<0.0001 for both). The mean reduction of cylinder was 46%.
Astigmatic error of less than 2.00 D can be corrected significantly by spherical PRK. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S263-S264.]
Multizone Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia of 8 to 23 Diopters
Authors: Rajendran Babu , Janakiraman P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Multizone photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on 124 eyes of 69 patients for the treatment of high myopia using 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, and 6.0 mm diameter ablation zones. Preoperative spherical equivalent refractions ranged from -8.00 diopters (D) to -22.5 D (mean ± SD, -12.3 ± 3.9 D).
Mean attempted ablation depth was 109.5 ± 37.8. Follow up ranged from 6 to 9 months. An uncorrected visual acuity of 20/60 or better was achieved in 63% of eyes and 20/40 or better in 48% of eyes. Sixty-seven percent of eyes achieved their pretreatment spectacle corrected visual acuity or were within two Snellen lines of it at 6 months postop.
Subepithelial haze was mild in 23% of eyes and moderate in another 34% of eyes. This cleared without a trace in almost all of these eyes within 6 months. Twenty-five percent of the eyes had dense scars and required reablation. [J Refract Surg. 1995; 11 (suppl.) :S298-S301.]
Regional Variation in Corneal Topography and Wound Healing Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Grimm Bradford , Waring George O , Ibrahim Osama 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy, corneal epithelial and anterior stromal wound healing may produce corneal haze and variability in refractive results among patients and eyes.
METHODS: We report a retrospective study of 17 selected eyes that received excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy with one of three brands of laser and that exhibited regional variations in corneal wound healing as observed with slit-lamp microscopy and videokeratography (Tomey TMS) within the ablation zone.
RESULTS: All 17 eyes were selected to show that the clear areas in the ablation zone corresponded with flat zones on the videokeratographs and the areas of subepithelial haze corresponded with steeper zones. Spectacle-corrected visual acuity was measured in 12 of the 17 eyes, and was 20/20 or better in 58% and 20/30 or better in 100%, indicating that the regional variation did not severely degrade Snellen visual acuity. Further studies are needed to determine how often regional variability occurs and to better define the relationship of corneal haze and corneal curvature.
CONCLUSION: Regional variations in corneal topography and haze can occur within the ablation zone in an individual cornea after photorefractive keratectomy. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:348-357.]