bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Floor Cleaner Combination of Alcohol Ethoxylate-Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and Combination of Carbol-Pine Oil on Ascaris lumbricoides Eggs
Authors: Simarmata Vidi Posdo 
Published: November 2021

Disinfectants are chemical agents used in disinfection in liquid form or solution form and are well-known as microbicidal, fungicidal, and virucidal but still unknown as parasiticidal, especially the effect to A. lumbricoides. In Indonesia, the prevalence of ascariasis is about 30,4% and still high. Ascariasis is caused by A. lumbricoides helminth that human swallows in egg form. Ascaris lumbricoides egg's characteristics are hydrophobic and sticky, making it easy to stick on the floor, household, and skin. This research aims to find the difference between the combination of the effects of Alcohol Ethoxylate-Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and the combination of Carbol-Pine Oil to A. lumbricoides eggshell and larva development as prevention and to break the life cycle chain of A. lumbricoides. The research results showed no effects from Alcohol Ethoxylate- Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate combination and Carbol-Pine Oil combination to A. lumbricoides eggshell and embryo development.
Keywords: Disinfectants, ascariasis, concentration, eggshell, larva development.
Development and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Drug Delivery System of Ondansetron Hydrochloride
Authors: Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar , Kumar Aditya 
Published: November 2021

The Aim of the present study was to develop & evaluate Gastro-retentive floating Tablet of Ondansetron hydrochloride. The Objective was to calibrate and validate the UV- spectroscopy analytical method and to prepare and optimize the GR Floating tablets of Ondansetron hydrochloride in terms of dissolution release profile. The FDDS of the drug can minimize the fluctuation of drug plasma levels and result to associated adverse reactions, dosing frequency, and improved patient compliance. Conventionally, Ondansetron hydrochloride is taken up 2-3 times daily in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Gastro retentive floating tablet of Ondansetron hydrochloride is better suited for treatment of postoperative nausea vomiting. In the present study, nine Gastro retentive Floating tablet formulations (F1, F2.....F9) of Ondansetron hydrochloride were prepared by the method of direct compression and polymers HPMC K15 were used and Guargum and Chitosan, in different quantity to normalise their effect on the’ release profile of drug . Target release profile was >80% release of drug in 12 hours. Tablets were evaluated for various parameters namely: thickness, weight variation’, friability, hardness, assay, in-vitro buoyancy study & drug release. Formulation F8 containing Chitosan (26.66% w/w), Guargum (26.66% w/w) and Sod. Carbonate (25.83% w/w) had the desirable release profile.
Keywords: Ondansetron hydrochloride; Gastro retentive floating tablet, Chitosan, Guar gum, Drug release
Retrospective Audit on Cloxacillin Prescription in Primary Health Care Facilities in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Samat Farhani , Baharum Nurul Nadia , Muzaid Nor Anizah , Syed Ghazali Sharifah Nurul Aida , Ramanathan Sharmilee , Dolbasir Nuraini , Aziz Noor Rafizah Aminah 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Cloxacillin is the second most prescribed antibiotic for skin and soft tissue infection in Malaysia. A similar pattern was seen in Kuala Selangor, in which our district demonstrated that the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) of Cloxacillin is high (3.0-8.7) compared to the recommended value from World Health Organization (WHO). However, resistant patterns for Cloxacillin are alarming. This study focuses on appropriate use of Cloxacillin to prevent further antimicrobial resistance. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional audit, conducted in seven public health clinics in Kuala Selangor district from January 2020 to March 2020. All Cloxacillin prescriptions within this duration were selected. Audit format was adapted from the antimicrobial stewardship protocol (AMS). Appropriate Cloxacillin use is based on accuracy of diagnosis, indication of antibiotic, correct usage (pharmacological name, dose, frequency and duration). Results: A total of 259 prescriptions were collected. Majority were for age 40 years old, 48.6% (n=126) and male, 63.7% (n=165). Cloxacillin was prescribed most for infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 64.1% (n=166). Diagnosis was accurate in 63.7% (n=165). Those accurate diagnosis, had correct indication 79.4% (131/165); correct usage 51.5% (85/165); correct name 69.7% (115/165); correct frequency 55.2% (91/165); correct dose 55.8% (92/165), and correct duration 47.3% (78/165). Appropriate Cloxacillin use was 41.8% (69/165). Conclusion: Measures to improve appropriate Cloxacillin use and adherence to the National Antibiotic Guideline (NAG) and Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) protocol is crucial.
Keywords: Cloxacillin, Skin and soft tissue infection, Malaysia, antimicrobial resistance
A Review on Gullian Barre Syndrome and its Association with COVID 19
Authors: Sam Subin , Sambath Kumar R , Venkateswaramurthy N. 
Published: November 2021

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disease that affects peripheral nerves and can lead to life-threatening consequences. It affects around 10000 people per year worldwide. Since the outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sar-cov-2) the incidence of GBS has been increased with a fatality rate of 4-7%. The exact association between the Sar-cov-2 and GBS is still unknown. GBS commonly presents after viral infections such as influenza virus, campylobacter jejuni, and zika virus. Clinical recognition of SC2-GBS is required in order to administer appropriate treatment on time and enhance the overall output of the infection. In most of the conditions patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and outcome was seen within eight weeks of treatment. less outcome was seen in older age in line with previous findings for both GBS and COVID-19. Studies should be conducted to compare patients associated with GBS to those with concurrent non-COVID-19 GBS to see if the incidence of GBS is higher in those with COVID-19.
Keywords: Guillian-Barre syndrome, COVID-19, SAR-COV2
Subcronic Toxicity Effect of Ethanol Extract of Bitter Melon Fruit (Momordica charantia L.) on Kidney Function and Histopathological Changes in Wistar Rat
Authors: Ratwita Welly 
Published: November 2021

Bitter melon is a fruit that was famous for its bitter taste and contains chemical compounds that are proven to have effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant. One of the prerequisites of a plant to be developed into a drug that is by testing the subchronic toxicity. This study goal to determine the presence of toxic effects that are not detected in the acute toxicity test. A total of 40 wistar rats were divided into group control and 3 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 5 male rats and female rats. Group 1 (control) is only given food (pellets) and drinking water. Group 2, 3 and 4 groups were given ethanol extract of bitter melon pulp (Momordica charantia L.) with multilevels doses 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw. The observations made for 28 days included the number of death animals, relative organ weight (ROW), ureum, creatinine levels and histopatological changes in kidney. There were no deaths in the entire group, decreasing ureum (p=0,022), creatinine levels (p=0,033) in male group. While in female group ureum decrease not significantly (0.878) and creatinine (0.845). There were no significant changes in ROW (p=0,370 and p=0,394), but there were changes in microscopic structure. In conclusion ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) at a of 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw does not showed any toxic effects on kidney function and relative organ weight. But microscopically, the administration of ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit caused a toxic effect on the kidney tubules in both male and female groups.
Keywords: Momordica charantia L., sub chronic toxicity, ureum, creatinine, histopathological change
QANUN HUKUM JINAYAH DALAM BINGKAI TEORI PEMBUATAN HUKUM
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Pembentukan sebuah aturan hukum dalam kajian ini adalah qanun tentunya harus mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada yaitu tentang tata cara pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan teori-teori pembentukan hukum. Pembentukan qanun di Aceh dapat berpedoman pada Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tantang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Cara Pembentukan Qanun serta teori-teori pembentukan hukum yang dikembangkan oleh para ahli hukum. Qanun Hukum Jinayat yang disusun di Aceh tidak langsung mengikuti kitab fiqh tetapi telah dikembangkan dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat agar qanun ini dapat dilaksanakan tanpa adanya perbedan pendapat karena berbeda mazhab dan untuk menghindari terjadinya multi tafsir. Proses pembuatan Qanun Hukum Jinayat sudah dilakukan namun bagaimana proses pembuatan qanun agar qanun tersebut berlaku efektif dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini ingin melihat Qanun Hukum Jinayah dari tata cara penyusunan peraturan, teori-teori pembentukan hukum dan kaitannya dengan efektivitas hukum, terutama tentang asas-asas qanun, bahasa hukum yang digunakan, dan jenis-jenis kejahatan yang diatur di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat asas-asas qanun hukum jinayah, kejelasan bahasa yang digunakan dan dan jenis-jenis kejahatan apa saja yang diatur dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayah. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan tergolong kedalam jenis penelitian pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi bahasa yang digunakan sudah memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam teori pembentukan hukum dan sudah menenuhi syarat-syarat pembentukan hukum seperti yang diamanahkan dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tantang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Cara Pembentukan Qanun. Namun kejahatan yang diatur dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayah 80% kejahatan ekspresif dan 20% kejahatan instrumental yang berakibat pada sukarnya dilakukan pencegahan terhadap kejahatan yang bersifat ekspresif tersebut.
PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN OLEH PANGLIMA LAOT DITINJAU MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar)
Authors: Ula Miratul , Abdullah Muslem 
Published: November 2021

Panglima laot merupakan sebuah lembaga adat yang mempunyai kewenangan menyelesaikan kasus tindak pidana ringan menurut Qanun Aceh Nomor 10 Tahun 2008. Ada tiga jenis perkara yang dapat diselesaikan oleh panglima laot yaitu: perkara perselisihan, perkara adat laot dan perkara pelanggaran. Sehingga ada tiga rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, pertama: apa saja jenis-jenis tindak pidana ringan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh besar, kedua: bagaimana penyelesaian tindak pidana ringan oleh panglima laot di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar, dan ketiga: bagaimana tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap penyelesaian tindak pidana ringan oleh Panglima Laot. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pedekatan kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara melihat peran Pangima Laot dalam menyelesaikan bentuk perselisihan yang terjadi di laut, yang kemudian dijelaskan secara sistematis mengenai data-data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian berdasarkan tinjauan dari rumusan masalah. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada tiga jenis tindak pidana ringan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten aceh Besar yaitu: kasus pemukulan, kasus peupok jaloe dan kasus kapal semen padang menabrak perahu nelayan. Selanjutnya peran yang dilakukan oleh panglima laot dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan di laot dengan cara damai dan musyawarah, dan apabila ada pihak yang tidak setuju di selesaikan secara adat laot, maka akan dilimpahkan kepada kepolisian. Dalam hukum Islam hukuman yang dijatuhkan terhadap orang yang melakukan tindak pidana ringan pemukulan adalah qishash diyat. Qishash sebagai hukuman pokok dan diyat sebagai hukuman pengganti yaitu seratus ekor unta dan hukuman nya sudah di tentukan oleh syara’.
Use of Agriculture Byproduct and Swamp Grass as Matterial for Ammoniation of Total Mixed Fiber in Ration on Ballinese Cattle Performance
Authors: Imsya A. , Muhakka Muhakka , Yossi F. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. This study was design to evaluated about the using of total mixed fiber ammoniation (TMFA) in ration on Ballinese beef performance. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 types of treatmentt ration based on TMFA usage level and 3 replications. The treatmentts were R1 = 60% native grass (Control), R2 = 20% TMFA + 40% native grass, R3 = 40% TMFA + 20% native grass, R4 = 60% TMFA. The ration is added with a 40% concentrate to obtain 100% ration. The comparison between forage and concentrate is 60:40. Parameters measured in vivo are performance (ration intake, dry matter intake, crude protein intake, daily body weight gain and ration efficiency). The results showed that treatmentt significantly influenced (P <0.05) on ration intake, dry matter intake, daily body weight gain and ration efficiency, but the treatmentt unsignificantly influenced (P>0.05) on crude protein intake. It can be concluded that the use of 60% TMF ammoniation in the ration shows the best result, that is ration intake 6.89 kg/head/day, dry matter intake 6.25 kg / head / day, daily weight gain 0.47 kg / head / day and efficiency of ration 7.42%.Pemanfaatan Hasil Samping Pertanian dan Rumput Rawa sebagai Bahan Amoniasi Total Mixed Fiber (TMF) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Sapi BaliABSTRAK. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pemanfaatan amoniasi Total Mixed Fiber (TMFA) dalam ransum terhadap performa sapi Bali. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari R1= 60% rumput Raja (control), R2 = 20% TMFA + 40% rumput Raja, R3 = 40% TMFA + 20% Rumput Raja, R4 = 60% TMFA. Ransum ditambah 40% konsentrat untuk memperoleh 100% ransum. Perbandingan hijauan dan konsentrat adalah 60:40. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi ransum, konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi ransum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, konsumsi bahan kering, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi ransum, namun perlakuan tidak memberi pengaruh yang nyata (P>0.05) terhadap konsumsi protein. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah pemakaian amoniasi TMF 60% dalam ransum memberikan hasil terbaik dengan konsumsi ransum 6.89kg/ekor/hari, konsumsi bahan kering 6.25/kg/ekor/hari, pertambahan berat badan 0.47kg/ekor/hari dan efisiensi ransum 7.42%.
Analisis Nuzul Al-Quran dengan Gerhana Matahari Cincin Perspektif Astronomi
Authors: Izzuddin Ahmad , Yaqin Alamul 
Published: November 2021

Historians differ in their opinion regarding the time of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än i.e the 17th, 19th, 21st and 24th Ramadhan -12 H. The author is interested in verifying the time of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än by tracing the events that can be read easily the time and date i.e annular solar eclipse 27th January 632 AD when the death of Ibraham's son Muhammad. The author uses new moon data of Accurate Times 5.6 month data with crescent visibility criteria of Odeh and new MABIMS and by adding the 13th month (nasÄ«') every 3 years to find out the date of the NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än event. The purposes of this research are to know the date of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än by tracing annular solar eclipse 27th January 632 AD and to know the factors of the different date of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än among historians. This research uses historical research methods with steps: Heuristics (Source Collection), Source Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography (Presentation of results). The results of this research are NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än occurred on Monday, 17 Ramadhan -12 H which coincided with 19 January 610 M
Soutenir sa famille en contexte de migration forcée en tant que femme syrienne établie au Québec et au Liban
Authors: Richard Myriam 
Published: November 2021

Même si la vulnérabilité constitue une des pierres angulaires de l’accès à la protection et aux services d’aide humanitaire pour les personnes réfugiées, elle fait rarement l’objet d’une définition en dehors du sens commun - le risque de subir un préjudice - et de son usage comme outil de mesure de la précarité socioéconomique. Cet article propose d’élargir les contours de cette notion en s’appuyant sur une recherche empirique ancrée dans l’approche théorique féministe transnationale (Mohanty, 2003; McLaren, 2017; Zeweri, 2017) qui visait à documenter les expériences d’un groupe de femmes réfugiées considérées comme particulièrement vulnérables puisque détenant la responsabilité du soutien financier et des soins du quotidien de leur famille (HCR, 2014). Des entrevues de type récits de vie ont ainsi été effectuées avec 12 femmes réfugiées en provenance de Syrie détenant la responsabilité principale du soutien leur famille au Liban (7 femmes) et au Québec (5 femmes). Le cadre conceptuel de la vulnérabilité ambivalente (Oliviero, 2016) est mobilisé afin de faire ressortir la complexité des sources de difficultés, d’opportunités, de continuités qui caractérisent les expériences des femmes en contexte de migration forcée. L’article conclut avec la nécessité d’ancrer les pratiques de recherche et d’intervention auprès des personnes réfugiées dans des cadres conceptuels et méthodologiques dynamiques, inclusifs et solidaires qui permettent de placer au centre la voix des premières concernées et une prise en compte élargie de leurs expériences en contexte de migration forcée.
Innovative Dynamic Matrix-Type Learning Environment Based on the Example of the St. Petersburg School of Conference Interpreting and Translation, Herzen University, Russia
Authors: Alekseeva I. S. , Antonova A. M. 
Published: November 2021

The paper examines an innovative cluster-type matrix model for training interpreters and translators, based on recent developments in text and pragmatics theory, as well as on the scenario approach in education. The aim is to create a single, multifaceted space for open interpreter and translator training with an anthropological focus, drawing on the achievements in Russian teaching culture and best world practices, including a system of feedback from employers, to enable a flexible response to the needs of the society. To achieve the aim, an innovative interactive system of intensive interpreter and translator training has been developed based on a cluster principle and continuous education quality monitoring. At the heart of the system are a scenario strategy and a text typology approach. What is unique about the St Petersburg School of Conference Interpreting and Translation (SCIT)’s project is the fact that it is not just an educational programme or a system or an algorithm, but a dynamic matrix-type learning environment.It is a flexible model for professional retraining that presupposes a range of basic skills and can fill any gaps in the general translators’ competence and current performance by applying the professional environment matrix. The cluster approach provides a combination of in-person, distant and independent learning components, as well as increased transparency of the educational and professional spaces, opening up future employment prospects.The ‘diffuse matrix’ version of the innovative matrix principle in education underlies the diversity of methods employed by SCIT: methodological pluralism, dominant in the process of training, implies a combination of diverse techniques developed by different authors for the matrix, making it most flexible and the whole approach – customer tailored. It should be pointed out that the external diversity is strictly regulated and targeted by the project’s creators by means of a monitoring mechanism.The future of the model is seen in its use in Russia and other countries to train highly professional interpreters and translators in other spheres (for example, audiovisual translation). It could also be used at the final stage of higher vocational training; as a standard mechanism for improving professional skills and retraining; as well as a social harmonising element (creating new links among academic, educational, and professional activities).
Diachronic Changes in the Frequency of Color Designation in Russian Poetic Texts
Authors: Masevich A. Ts. , Zakharov V. P. 
Published: November 2021

We propose a statistical-diachronic approach to the description of color designations in poetic texts in Russian. Methods of corpus linguistics and the semantic annotation of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) applied in the research have revealed certain patterns of change in the frequency ` in poetic texts from 1750 to 1999. A quantitative characteristic of the poetic corpus of the RNC is presented by decades of the period under study. We also provide a general description of its poetry corpus (number of texts, number of authors, searching techniques, the semantic annotation, etc.). Also presented is the authors' classification of adjectives with the color tag of the semantic annotation.The study has revealed the RNC inconsistency in the assignment of color tags during the semantic annotation. In the authors’ opinion, this defect could affect the results of the study; however, the spotted tendencies in frequency behavior of color adjectives seem to be reliable.The research method is based on the comparison of statistical indicators for each decade in the specified range. Accordingly, the charts are plotted with reference to the average values for the range, unlike the RNC Charts tool, where a chart is based on the points for each year with a smoothing coefficient. Also, the indicators in the poetic corpus are compared with the corresponding data in the prose corpus. It has been reliably established that in the texts of the poetry corpus the frequency of color designations is higher than in the texts from basic, newspaper and oral corpora regardless of the part of speech the words belong to. The highest frequency (IPM) values of all adjectives that have the color tag of the RNC semantic annotation are observed in the last decades of the 19th - first decades of the 20th centuries. The frequency behavior of adjectives belonging to different classes differs significantly in different periods. In the texts of the 18th century, the analogous adjectives (or the adjectives of secondary nomination, such as златой (golden), янтарный (amber), etc.) prevail. In the texts of the 19th century adjectives – quasi-colors, (such as светлый (light), тёмный (dark), бледный (pale), etc.) are most frequent whereas in the texts of the 20th century the color adjectives per se have the highest frequency. While ranking the data selected from all the periods in the descending order, the first 28 ranks were occupied by the adjectives denoting achromatic colors – black and white. The article also defines prospects for our further research of color designations in Russian: specifying classification of color adjectives, looking at statistical aspects of their polysemy, and comparison of their use frequency by individual authors.