bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoalbuminemia in status epilepticus is a biomarker of short‐ and long‐term mortality: A 9‐year cohort study
Authors: Misirocchi Francesco , Quintard Hervé , Rossetti Andrea O. , Florindo Irene , Sarbu Oana E. , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Schaller Karl , Seeck Margitta , De Stefano Pia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundOutcome prediction in Status epilepticus (SE) aids in clinical decision‐making, yet existing scores have limitations due to SE heterogeneity. Serum albumin is emerging as a readily available prognostic biomarker in various clinical conditions. This study evaluates hypoalbuminemia in predicting short‐ and long‐term mortality.MethodsObservational cohort study including non‐hypoxic SE adult patients admitted to the University Hospital of Geneva (Switzerland) between 2015 and 2023. Primary outcomes were in‐hospital and 6‐month mortality.ResultsFour hundred and ninety‐six patients were included, 46 (9.3%) died in hospital; 6‐month outcome was available for 364 patients, 86 (23.6%) were not alive at follow‐up.Hypoalbuminemia was associated with older age and patients' comorbidities. Binomial regression showed an independent correlation between hypoalbuminemia and short‐ (p = 0.005, OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.43–7.86) and long‐term mortality (p = 0.001, OR = 3.59,95% CI = 1.75–7.35).The Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS) had an overall AUC of 0.754 (95% CI = 0.656–0.836) for predicting in‐hospital mortality and of 0.684 (95% CI = 0.613–0.755) for 6‐month mortality. Through an exploratory analysis, we replaced age with hypoalbuminemia in the STESS, creating the Albumin‐STESS (A‐STESS) score (0–6). The global A‐STESS AUC significantly improved for both in‐hospital (0.837, 95% CI = 0.760–0.916, p = 0.002) and 6‐month (0.739, 95% CI = 0.688–0.826; p = 0.033) mortality prediction. A‐STESS‐3 cutoff demonstrated a strong sensitivity‐specificity balance for both in‐hospital (sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.68, accuracy = 0.70) and 6‐month (sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.73, accuracy = 0.72) mortality.ConclusionsHypoalbuminemia is an easily measurable biomarker reflecting the overall patient's condition and is independently related to short‐ and long‐term SE mortality. Integrating hypoalbuminemia into the STESS (A‐STESS) significantly enhances mortality prediction. Future studies are needed to externally validate the A‐STESS and evaluate the benefits of albumin supplementation in SE patient prognosis.
Defensive Behaviour in Intertidal Crabs
Authors: Koneru Manisha , Caro Tim 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite a long roster of prey defences against predators now documented by biologists, any given species utilises only some of them, and we have few a priori predictions as to if, when or where they will be employed. In order to uncover general trends in the way in which crabs avoid predation attempts after they have been detected, we examined the antipredator behaviour of nine intertidal decapod species on three continents. We studied five different types of defensive behaviour and seven morphological and environmental factors which might affect such behaviours at different stages of the predatory sequence. In combination with other studies, we suggest that although intertidal crabs invest a great deal in crypticity to avoid detection, once discovered, they remain immobile, raise their chelae or flee but the extent to which these and other defences are exhibited differ markedly across species. We found that luminance contrast with the background, body size, chelae size and immediate habitat in which crabs were found affected antipredator behaviour whereas neither sex, nor chromatic contrast with the background were important. Our findings broaden understanding of defensive behaviour in several decapod species and highlight how species tailor the use of the same defences in different ways according to threat, morphology and local environment.
Integrated proteomics and connectivity map‐based analysis reveal compounds with a potential antiviral effect against Japanese encephalitis virus infection in a mouse model
Authors: Soni Rohit , Soni Naina , Paul Abhijit , Tripathi Aarti , Chatterjee Samrat , Banerjee Arup 
Published: December 2024

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading causative agent of viral encephalitis in India and contributes to a significant disease burden in South Asian countries. However, no antiviral treatment is available against JEV‐induced encephalitis, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Repurposing or repositioning drugs was found to be more economical and practical in the current drug development scenario. The present study aimed to develop a host‐directed strategy through a computational drug repurposing approach. As part of the strategy, we first generated a dynamic signature of differentially expressed JEV infection‐associated proteins in mice brains through a semiquantitative proteomics approach. With the help of the Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, we narrowed down the lists of drugs with a high negative CMap score (−70 or lower). Based on the CMap score, we chose the top three compounds (Tipifarnib, Ly303511 and MDL11939) with CMap scores of −91.83, −88.18 and −91.15, respectively. The antiviral potential of these three compounds was further compared in both JEV‐infected mouse neuroblastoma cells and C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of Ly303511 and MDL11939, alone or in combination, showed improved outcomes (e.g. delayed death, increased survival, and less viral load than Tipifarnib alone or combined). The JEV‐infected mice survived upon drug treatment, effectively reducing viral load and reversing the antiviral signature. Our results highlight Ly303511 and MDL11939 as promising host‐targeted inhibitors of JEV infection and pathogenesis. Moreover, our results favor the combination of Ly303511 and MDL11939 therapy to improve clinical symptoms and reduce JEV‐induced damage, thus warranting inclusion in clinical studies.
Associations of vitamin D levels and clinical parameters with COVID‐19 infection, severity and mortality in hemodialysis patients: A cohort study
Authors: You Yanhua , Xu Chun , Hu Yuqing , Liang Meng , Sun Qi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to investigate the associations between vitamin D levels and clinical parameters with the risk of COVID‐19 infection, severity, and mortality in hemodialysis patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 198 hemodialysis patients from a single center. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by the last measurement of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol less than 20 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplements were combined to categorize patients into three groups: deficiency, uncertain deficiency, and likely sufficient. COVID‐19 infection status, severity, and outcomes were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the associations between vitamin D levels and COVID‐19 severity and mortality.FindingsAmong the 198 patients, 73 patients (37%) were in the deficiency group, 29 patients (15%) had uncertain deficiency, and 96 patients (48%) were likely sufficient. The overall COVID‐19 infection rate was 59%. The deficiency group had a similar infection rate (60.3%) compared to those with likely sufficient levels (54.2%). However, the severity and mortality rates of vitamin D deficiency group had a significantly higher rate than those with likely sufficient levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency and uncertain deficiency group were significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID‐19 severity (OR = 22.57, p = 0.01 and OR = 15.8, p = 0.03, respectively). Uncertain deficiency group was significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID‐19 mortality (OR = 12.93, p = 0.04), while the deficiency group should similarly trend but did not reach statistical significance.DiscussionVitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of COVID‐19 severity in hemodialysis patients with ESKD. These findings suggest that monitoring and managing vitamin D levels may be important in reducing the risk of COVID‐19 severity in this vulnerable population.
Climatic stability and species turnover as potential drivers of latitudinal diversity gradients in Chilean wild bees
Authors: Núñez‐Flores Mónica , Solórzano Andrés , Monzón Víctor Hugo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Chile, a region with diverse climates and geographic isolation. By examining species richness patterns, this research seeks to uncover the key factors influencing these patterns in Chilean bees.
We compiled and analysed occurrence records of wild bee species from five families, evaluating species richness across latitudinal gradients. To explain the LDG, we tested hypotheses such as Rapoport's effect, the mid‐domain effect (MDE), source‐sink dynamics, and the Climatic Variability Hypothesis. Additionally, we conducted cluster analyses and beta diversity assessments to identify distinct ecoregions and understand patterns of species turnover and nestedness along these gradients.
Our analysis revealed a mid‐latitudinal peak in wild bee species richness around 34° S, consistent with the global bimodal latitudinal gradient for bees. The data did not support MDE predictions, implying that geometric constraints alone cannot explain these patterns. Instead, the positive correlation between latitudinal extent and latitude supports Rapoport's effect, indicating broader environmental tolerances at higher latitudes.
Beta diversity analyses showed that species turnover, not nestedness, drives diversity variation along latitudinal gradients, reflecting significant species replacement across latitudes due to changing environmental conditions. Cluster analyses identified distinct wild bee groups corresponding to Northern, Central, and Southern Chile ecoregions, reinforcing substantial shifts in species composition across latitudinal bands.
Our findings emphasise the importance of stable climates in supporting high bee species richness and broader environmental tolerances at higher latitudes. Understanding these patterns is vital for predicting biodiversity responses to climate change and guiding conservation strategies, especially in Chile's biodiversity hotspots with high species richness and endemism.
Synthesis of different types of calcium phosphates for the drug loading and releasing applications
Authors: Sahadat Hossain Md. , Tarannum Sakabe , Ullah Md. Anayet , Uddin Md. Najem , Bahadur Newaz Mohammed , Ahmed Samina 
Published: December 2024

Abstractβ‐tricalcium phosphate and various forms of hydroxyapatites (HAps) were produced through the wet chemical precipitation method, using calcium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid, cow bone, and fish scale as raw materials. The synthesized samples underwent characterization through x‐ray diffraction, and their antimicrobial efficacy was assessed in powder form for gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as well as gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria. In vitro degradation tests were conducted using simulated body fluid after compressing the powdered samples into scaffolds and sintering at 900°C. These scaffolds were subsequently used to study drug loading and releasing over different periods. All scaffolds demonstrated strong loading capacities for amoxicillin (AMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), notably Rui bone HAp achieving 90.83% loading of AMX and cow bone HAp showing 98.73% loading of CIP. In contrast, both fluoride‐doped HAp types displayed significant AMX release, whereas Rui bone HAp showed the highest CIP release. The pH and conductivity of drugs and drug‐released SBF solution were examined after 21 days and 1 day, respectively.
The Effects of Universal Educational Interventions in Improving Mental Health Literacy, Depression, and Anxiety Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yani Desy Indra , Chua Joelle Yan Xin , Wong John Chee Meng , Pikkarainen Minna , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdolescents are susceptible to developing depression and anxiety, and educational interventions could improve their mental well‐being. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal educational prevention interventions in improving mental health literacy, depression, and anxiety among adolescents. Eight electronic databases were searched until June 2024: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Global. Since the included studies assessed various aspects of mental health literacy, the results for mental health literacy were synthesized narratively. In contrast, a meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model was applied to the depression and anxiety outcomes. Heterogeneity was examined using I2 statistics and Cochran's Q Chi‐squared test. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the GRADE approach conducted quality appraisal at the study and outcome levels, respectively. The review was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. This review included 34 randomized controlled trials. Universal education prevention interventions were found to be promising in improving adolescents' mental health literacy but showed limited effects on individual mental health literacy components and on reducing depression (SMD = −0.06, 95%CI: [−0.11, −0.02], Z = 2.58, p = 0.01, I2 = 45%) and anxiety (SMD = −0.00, 95%CI: [−0.06, 0.06], Z = 0.07, p = 0.94, I2 = 58%) at post‐intervention. Future trials should consider using a hybrid delivery model utilizing health care and the non‐health care professionals. These interventions must incorporate skills‐based sessions to develop emotional regulation strategies, complemented by extended follow‐up periods that include booster sessions to reinforce learning. Given the very low quality of evidence as rated by the GRADE approach, current findings need to be interpreted with caution.
Burnout Among Primary Healthcare Nurses: A Study of Association With Depression, Anxiety and Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Hussien Rasha Mohammed , Alharbi Talal Ali F. , Alasqah Ibrahim , Alqarawi Nada , Ngo Andrew Dumale , Arafat Azza Elsayed Abd Elfatah , Alsohibani Meead Abdulaziz , Zoromba Mohamed Ali 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBurnout is a significant issue among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, due to high workloads and emotional demands. However, limited research has explored burnout among primary healthcare nurses in Saudi Arabia, who play a vital role in healthcare delivery. This study aims to address this gap by investigating burnout levels and their association with anxiety, depression and self‐efficacy among primary healthcare nurses. A cross‐sectional survey design was employed, with 161 primary healthcare nurses from the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale. Pearson correlation and logistic regression were used to analyse the associations between study variables. A high prevalence of burnout risk (78.9%) was observed. Emotional exhaustion was detected in 35.4%, depersonalisation in 44.7% and low personal accomplishment in 57.8%. Anxiety (r = 0.707, p < 0.01) and depression (r = 0.564, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with emotional exhaustion, while self‐efficacy was negatively correlated (r = −0.260, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety (OR = 5.784, 95% CI: 2.056–16.269) and low self‐efficacy (OR = 6.625, 95% CI: 2.979–14.737) were significant predictors of burnout. Targeted interventions are essential to mitigate burnout among primary healthcare nurses. Specific measures could include mindfulness‐based stress reduction programmes to address emotional exhaustion, peer support sessions to reduce depersonalisation and skill‐building workshops to enhance self‐efficacy. These interventions can improve nurse well‐being and ensure sustainable healthcare delivery in primary care settings.
Empowering Primary Care Nurse Practitioners: A Multilevel Approach to Combating the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Coffee Zhanette , Speight Chandra , Reyes‐Walsh Lisa , Foreman Jennifer , Davis‐Dick Lorrie , Vanderah Todd W. , Gordon Judith S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsWe offer a literature‐driven, empirically informed, and highly warranted recommendation for a multilevel approach tailored to nurse practitioners. This approach aimed to drive change at the individual level (nurse practitioner), dyadic level (nurse–patient therapeutic relationship), and systems level (organisational culture, education, and policy) to strengthen nurse practitioners' capacity to deliver optimal opioid use disorder care.BackgroundThe opioid overdose epidemic is a global public health crisis, with the United States facing the most severe impact. Access to evidence‐based treatment for opioid use disorder remains a significant barrier. Primary care nurse practitioners can play a crucial role in expanding access and bridging the treatment gap. Addressing factors influencing access to, quality of, and effectiveness of treatment requires urgent and careful consideration.DesignThis position paper highlights the multilevel barriers that inhibit nurse practitioners in managing opioid use disorder, negatively impacting treatment access and opioid use disorder‐related outcomes.MethodThe Advanced Practice Provider conceptual model was adapted to guide this paper. This adapted model illustrates the interconnected layers among nurse practitioners, clinical care, education, professional development, and organisational culture and policy in caring for patients with opioid use disorder.ConclusionsEquipping primary care nurse practitioners with the necessary tools to both understand opioid addiction and empower patients experiencing it can have a profound impact. This impact benefits the provider and patient and extends to addressing the opioid crisis at multiple levels. Future research should explore nurse practitioners' experiences when working with individuals with opioid use disorder, identify barriers that hinder positive interactions with patients seeking treatment, and pragmatically test and implement multilevel interventions designed to holistically benefit providers and patient outcomes.Impact to NursingThis American‐based reflection offers valuable insights to nurse practitioners worldwide as they consider effective strategies for addressing opioid use disorder in primary care settings.
Edge Chipping Resistance and Flexural Strength of CAD‐CAM Ceramics Before and After Thermomechanical Aging
Authors: Song Min‐Gyu , Ko Kyung‐Ho , Huh Yoon‐Hyuk , Park Chan‐Jin , Cho Lee‐Ra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the complementary mechanical properties of dental ceramics using edge chipping resistance (Rea) and flexural strength before and after thermomechanical aging.Material and MethodsComputer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing of ceramic materials, including zirconia (ZR), lithium disilicate (LS2), and resin nanoceramics (RNC), were evaluated. Specimens for flexural strength testing were fabricated with dimensions of 3 × 4 × 25 mm, with 30 specimens per group. For the edge chipping test (ECT), specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 3 × 4 × 12 mm, with 48 specimens per group. Half of the specimens for both tests were subjected to thermomechanical aging for 200,000 cycles at 50 N. A Weibull analysis was performed to determine flexural strength. Fractographic analysis was performed before and after thermomechanical aging during the ECT. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) was performed on the ZR specimens before and after thermomechanical aging. Flexural strength was analyzed using a two‐way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a t‐test, and Rea was analyzed using Pearson correlation and a two‐way repeated ANOVA.ResultsThe flexural strength and Rea differed according to the material (p = 0.001), whereas they were similar before and after thermomechanical aging (p > 0.05). The Weibull modulus of the flexural strength decreased after thermomechanical aging. In the fractographic analysis of the ECT, more than two fracture origins were identified after thermomechanical aging. The XRD analysis of ZR showed an increased monoclinic phase after thermomechanical aging.ConclusionAll the materials met the ISO 6872 standards for bending test. However, LS2 and RNC show low edge chipping resistance within the range of the occlusal force. The thermomechanical aging did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the materials. However, the Weibull coefficients of the flexural strength decreased, and an additional origin of fracture appeared after thermomechanical aging.SignificanceFlexural strength and Rea differed depending on the material used. The probability of the material fracture increased after thermomechanical aging. To understand ceramic fractures, two mechanical tests and thermomechanical aging must be performed together.
Salicylic acid: The roles in plant immunity and crosstalk with other hormones
Authors: Tian Hainan , Xu Lu , Li Xin , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLand plants use diverse hormones to coordinate their growth, development and responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential hormone in plant immunity, with its levels and signaling tightly regulated to ensure a balanced immune output. Over the past three decades, molecular genetic analyses performed primarily in Arabidopsis have elucidated the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of key plant hormones, including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, and gibberellin. Crosstalk between different hormones has become a major focus in plant biology with the goal of obtaining a full picture of the plant hormone signaling network. This review highlights the roles of SA in plant immunity and summarizes our current understanding of the pairwise interactions of SA with other major plant hormones. The complexity of these interactions is discussed, with the hope of stimulating research to address existing knowledge gaps in hormone crosstalk, particularly in the context of balancing plant growth and defense.
Corrigendum: Heterogeneity, Impatience, and Dynamic Private Provision of a Discrete Public Good
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Zou Zhentao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis corrigendum amends the main results in Bhattacharya et al., henceforth BTS. We show that the closed‐form solution in Proposition 3 of BTS is incorrect, and the individual contributions are nonlinear (rather than linear) in the cumulative collective contribution. In addition, when the impatience differential is large enough, the patient individuals (rather than impatient individuals) reduce the contributions as the project progresses toward completion. Finally, the project is completed earlier (rather than later) as we increase the difference in impatience.