bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the Preferential Adsorption of Anion‐Dominated Solvation Structures in the Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xiao Dengji , Li Qian , Luo Dan , Gao Rui , Li Zhaoqiang , Feng Ming , Or Tyler , Shui Lingling , Zhou Guofu , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe practical application of Li metal batteries (LMBs) is severely hindered by the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, it is revealed that the unstable SEI mainly originates from the kinetic instability of Li+‐solvation structures in the electrolyte which can result in continuous electrolyte decomposition and nonuniform Li deposition. To address this issue, preferential adsorption of anion‐dominated solvation complexes (A‐Coms) are established by integrating preferentially adsorbed anions (NO3− and Li2S8) into the Li+‐solvation structures. In these structures, the locations of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level shift from solvents to anions, rendering a relieved electrolyte decomposition and an anion‐derived SEI formation. Meanwhile, the anions in the A‐coms preferentially adsorb on the Li metal surfaces due to their stronger chemisorption capability toward lithium metal anodes (LMAs) compared to the solvent molecules, effectively shielding solvent molecules from parasitic reaction with LMAs. Furthermore, the anion‐derived SEI exhibits high Li‐ion conductivity and low Li atom adhesion energy, which can facilitate uniform Li deposition. Consequently, this electrolyte can enable a high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% over 500 cycles and a stable cycling under realistic testing conditions with a high‐energy‐density of 310 W h kg−1 based on a full cell configuration.
Design and Engineering of Amyloid Aggregation‐Prone Fragments and Their Antimicrobial Conjugates with Multi‐Target Functionality
Authors: Zhang Yanxian , Tang Yijing , Liu Yonglan , Zhang Dong , Zheng Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmyloid aggregation and microbial infection are considered major risk factors for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in protein misfolding diseases (PMDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, current amyloid inhibitors are mostly limited to single‐target prevention strategies against specific amyloid proteins or pathogenic microbes, leading to no success for clinical cures of PMDs. Here, a step‐by‐step strategy to design new, multi‐target amyloid aggregation‐prone fragments (APFs) and their APFs antimicrobial agent conjugates is proposed, capable of achieving the stepwise improved multifunctionality of amyloid inhibition, antimicrobial activity, and amyloid imaging. The two APFs of KLVFF from Aβ (associated with AD) and FGAIL from hIAPP (associated with T2D) with β‐structure‐forming property are selected and used as building block to construct a hybrid KLVFFGAIL peptide (K9) and a K9‐AMC (7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin) fluorescence conjugate, both of which have demonstrated the improved, multiple‐target, sequence‐independent functions to inhibit the aggregation of both Aβ and hIAPP, reduce both Aβ‐ and hIAPP‐induced cell toxicity, prevent different microbial growth, and introduce fluorescence images for amyloid fibrils. The sequence‐independent amyloid inhibition function of K9 and K9‐AMC mainly stems from their cross‐interactions with amyloid proteins via β‐structure and aromatic interactions. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept example to not only explore a new family of APFs as antimicrobial and anti‐amyloid drugs for the therapeutic potential of PMDs, but also better understand the pathological links between protein aggregation and microbial infection in PMDs along the gut–brain axis.
Drug Release Kinetics from Nondegradable Hydrophobic Polymers Can Be Modulated and Predicted by the Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Qian Jian , Berkland Cory 
Published: May 2021

AbstractControlling drug release kinetics within a desired therapeutic window is the central task when designing polymeric drug delivery systems. Complex polymer chemistries have often been explored to control water penetration, polymer degradation rate, or the mesh network size of delivery systems. Here, a simple parameter for controlling the release rate and duration of nondegradable hydrophobic polymers is discovered. A systematic study involving 59 polymers and multiple drugs demonstrates that the glass transition temperature, Tg, is a critical factor that dictates drug release kinetics from nondegradable hydrophobic polymers. Drug release rate exhibits a unique and simple linear correlation of (T − Tg)0.5 despite variability of polymer structure and type. An empirical model established based on the special correlation can accurately simulate and predict drug release kinetics from polymers saving substantial time typically required to test long‐acting drug delivery systems.
Expansion Microscopy with Multifunctional Polymer Dots
Authors: Liu Jie , Fang Xiaofeng , Liu Zhihe , Li Rongqin , Yang Yicheng , Sun Yujie , Zhao Zhongying , Wu Changfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) provides nanoscale resolution on conventional microscopes via physically enlarging specimens with swellable polyelectrolyte gels. However, challenges involving fluorophore degradation and dilution during sample expansion have yet to be overcome. Herein, sequential cellular targeting, gel anchoring, and high‐fidelity fluorescence reported using multifunctional polymer dots (Pdots) designed for ExM applications are demonstrated. The impressive brightness of the Pdots facilitates multicolor ExM, thereby enabling visualization of a variety of subcellular structures and neuron synapses. The average fluorescence intensities of Pdots in ExM range from ≈3 to 6 times higher than those achieved using commercially available Alexa dyes. Moreover, the fluorescence brightness and optical fluctuation are significantly improved by a surfactant‐containing expansion buffer, which enables further resolution enhancement via super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). The combination of ExM and SOFI allows subcellular structures of ≈30 nm to be resolved by conventional microscopes. These results highlight the immense potential of multifunctional Pdots for ExM‐enhanced super‐resolution imaging.
Hydroplastic Micromolding of 2D Sheets
Authors: Guo Fan , Wang Yue , Jiang Yanqiu , Li Zeshen , Xu Zhen , Zhao Xiaoli , Guo Tingbiao , Jiang Wei , Gao Chao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProcessing 2D sheets into desired structures with high precision is of great importance for fabrication and application of their assemblies. Solution processing of 2D sheets from dilute dispersions is a commonly used method but offers limited control over feature size precision owing to the extreme volume shrinkage. Plastic processing from the solid state is therefore a preferable approach to achieve high precision. However, plastic processing is intrinsically hampered by strong interlayer interactions of the 2D sheet solids. Here, a hydroplastic molding method to shape layered solids of 2D sheets with micrometer‐scale precision under ambient conditions is reported. The dried 2D layered solids are plasticized by intercalated solvents, affording plastic near‐solid compounds that enable local plastic deformation. Such an intercalated solvent‐induced hydroplasticity is found in a broad family of 2D materials, for example graphene, MoS2, and MXene. The hydroplastic molding enables fabrication of complex spatial structures (knurling, origami) and microimprinted tubular structures down to diameters of 390 nm with good fidelity. The method enhances the structural accuracy and enriches the structural diversity of 2D macroassemblies, thus providing a feasible strategy to tune their electrical, optical, and other functional properties.
An Oligonucleotide‐Distortion‐Responsive Organic Transistor for Platinum‐Drug‐Induced DNA‐Damage Detection
Authors: Ye Dekai , Wang Juan , Shen Hongguang , Feng Xinping , Xiang Lanyi , Jin Wenlong , Zhao Wenrui , Ding Jiamin , He Zihan , Zou Ye , Meng Qing , Cui Wei , Zhang Fengjiao , Di Chong‐an , Fan Chunhai , Zhu Daoben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic transistor with DNA‐damage evaluation ability can open up novel opportunities for bioelectronic devices. Even though trace amounts of drugs can cause cumulative gene damage in vivo, the extremely low occurrence proportion makes them hardly transduced into detectable electric signals. Here, an ultrasensitive DNA‐damage sensor based on an oligonucleotide‐distortion‐responsive organic transistor (DROT) is reported by creating controllable conformation change of double‐stranded DNA on the surface of organic semiconductors. In combination with interfacial charge redistribution and efficient signal amplification, the DROT provides an ultrasensitive single‐site DNA‐damage response with 20.5 s even upon 1 × 10−12 m cisplatin. The high generalizability of this DROT to three generations of classical platinum drugs and gene‐relevant DNA damage is demonstrated. A biochip is further designed for intelligent damage analysis in complex environments, which holds the potential for high‐throughput biotoxicity evaluation and drug screening in the future.
Flexible and Printed Organic Nonvolatile Memory Transistor with Bilayer Polymer Dielectrics
Authors: Kim Woojo , Kwon Jimin , Takeda Yasunori , Sekine Tomohito , Tokito Shizuo , Jung Sungjune 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, printed organic nonvolatile memory thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with phase‐separated tunneling layer is presented. Finely patterned electrodes are fabricated by reverse‐offset printing with 15 μm line width and 10 μm channel length. Memory devices are configured in a bottom‐gate bottom‐contact TFT structure with a high‐k gate blocking insulator poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene). A blended ink, which consisted of a small‐molecule p‐type organic semiconductor dithieno[2,3‐d;2′,3′‐d′]benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene and a polystyrene dielectric, is fabricated using air‐pulse nozzle printing. The tunneling layer is formed during the active layer printing process with the blended ink by phase separation of small‐molecule and polymer. The printed memory TFTs with the phase‐separated tunneling layer exhibit significantly improved VTH shifts (≈3 times), programmed/erased current ratio (>103 A A−1), switching speed (<100 ms), and estimated data retention (>10 years). This memory device can be applied to wearable electronics, smart Internet‐of‐Things devices, and neuromorphic computing devices.
Materials and Fabrication Strategies for Biocompatible and Biodegradable Conductive Polymer Composites toward Bio‐Integrated Electronic Systems
Authors: Han Won Bae , Yang Seung Min , Rajaram Kaveti , Hwang Suk‐Won 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiocompatible and biodegradable polymer composite systems equipped with electrical/mechanical functions have been researched as a tool that can be applicable for bio‐integrated electronics to obtain a variety of useful information, through formation of reliable interfaces with soft, non‐planar skin and organs in the human body. Although previous review articles have explored various types of organic materials (natural/synthetic polymers), including intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) as constituent materials for such composites, there has been a lack of consideration of inorganic materials, which may narrow the scope of material options for diverse electrical/functional properties. Indeed, biocompatible and/or biodegradable inorganic elements exhibit high electrical conductivity, various morphologies for effective percolation networks, cytocompatibility, soft mechanical characteristics compared to ICPs, and many functions such as magnetism, photoluminescence, and electrochemical reactivity. This review introduces recent advances in biologically safe and biodegradable conductive polymer composites, including materials selection, relevant fabrication strategies, and various potential applications, aimed at revealing the potential applicability of inorganic elements in conductive composites, which has not been discussed in other reviews. Finally, it concludes with remarks on key issues and challenges to overcome corrosion and oxidation issues of inorganic metals and to improve the electrical performance of composite systems.
Rapid Growth of Monolayer MoSe2 Films for Large‐Area Electronics
Authors: Zhang Danzhen , Wen Chengyu , Mcclimon John Brandon , Masih Das Paul , Zhang Qicheng , Leone Grace A. , Mandyam Srinivas V. , Drndić Marija , Johnson Alan T. Charlie , Zhao Meng‐Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe large‐scale growth of semiconducting thin films on insulating substrates enables batch fabrication of atomically thin electronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits without film transfer. Here an efficient method to achieve rapid growth of large‐area monolayer MoSe2 films based on spin coating of Mo precursor and assisted by NaCl is reported. Uniform monolayer MoSe2 films up to a few inches in size are obtained within a short growth time of 5 min. The as‐grown monolayer MoSe2 films are of high quality with large grain size (up to 120 µm). Arrays of field‐effect transistors are fabricated from the MoSe2 films through a photolithographic process; the devices exhibit high carrier mobility of ≈27.6 cm2 V–1 s–1 and on/off ratios of ≈105. The findings provide insight into the batch production of uniform thin transition metal dichalcogenide films and promote their large‐scale applications.
PEDOT:Tosylate‐Polyamine‐Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors for High‐Performance Bioelectronics
Authors: Fenoy Gonzalo E. , von Bilderling Catalina , Knoll Wolfgang , Azzaroni Omar , Marmisollé Waldemar A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe construction of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate and polyallylamine hydrochloride composites as conducting channel material is presented. The regulation of the polyelectrolyte‐to‐conducting polymer proportion allows one to easily tune both electronic and ionic characteristics of the transistors, yielding devices with low threshold voltages while preserving high transconductance, which is an essential requisite for the effective integration of OECTs with biological systems. Also, the incorporation of the polyelectrolyte enhances the transient response of the OECTs during the ON/OFF switching, probably due to improved ion transport. Furthermore, the integration of pH‐sensitive amino moieties not only improves the pH response of the transistors but also allows for the non‐denaturing electrostatic anchoring of functional enzymes. As a proof‐of‐concept, acetylcholinesterase is electrostatically immobilized by taking advantage of the NH2 moieties, and the OECTs‐based sensors are able to successfully monitor the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the range 5–125 µm.
High‐Performance Voice Recognition Based on Piezoelectric Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers
Authors: Shao Hao , Wang Hongxia , Cao Yuying , Ding Xiang , Fang Jian , Wang Wenyu , Jin Xin , Peng Lu , Zhang Daquan , Lin Tong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcoustic sensors show a wide application in diverse fields. However, it is still a challenge to develop highly sensitive transducing materials for the detection of low‐to‐middle decibel sounds. Herein, for the first time the remarkable property of an acoustic sensor based on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in the recognition of human voices is reported. The nanofiber device shows a sensitivity as high as 23 401 mV P−1 to 70 dB sound, which is much higher than most of the acoustic sensors reported in the literature. First the sounds from different musical instruments are used as a standard sound source to show the high accuracy of the nanofiber device to distinguish different sounds, e.g., from both the same and different instruments, and then people's voices are tested. Experimental results show that the device can distinguish people's voices with high resolution and the influence of background noise on speech recognition is very small. The acoustic sensor is stable and can be used in sound detection for a long time. Electrospun PAN membranes may be useful for the development of voice recognition systems for security, environmental protection, scientific research, and other high‐tech applications.
Limestone increased coffee yield and profitability more than phosphogypsum or their combination
Authors: Parecido Renan J. , Soratto Rogério P. , Perdoná Marcos J. , Guidorizzi Fernando V. C. , Gomes Guilherme G. , Paula Rodrigo A. , Gitari Harun I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil acidity and low concentrations of exchangeable Ca and Mg are among the main factors that limit the Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) yield in Brazil. Constant fertilizations, especially with ammonium‐based N, contribute to acidification in the soil region where they are applied. Coffee producers wonder if limestone and phosphogypsum, isolated or combined, can increase coffee yields. A field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2020 in southeastern Brazil to evaluate the effect of sole application of limestone and phosphogypsum, or their combined application to young coffee trees (2‐yr old), on plant nutrition, yield, and profitability of Arabica coffee crop. Treatments included three limestone rates (0, 2,100, and 4,200 kg ha−1), two phosphogypsum rates (0 and 2,300 kg ha−1), and their combinations, which were band applied under coffee plant canopy. Limestone, in association with phophogypsum or when sole‐applied, increased the pH and the concentration of Ca and Mg in the soil, whereas the application of phosphogypsum increased Ca and SO4–S concentration. Coffee yields were increased by the sole application of limestone and phosphogypsum (to a lesser extent), but not when they were combined. The most successful treatment was the sole application of limestone, with increases of up to 44% (613 kg ha−1 yr−1 on average) in yield and 43% in economic returns.
Maternal effects strengthen interactions of temperature and precipitation, determining seed germination of dominant alpine grass species
Authors: Veselá Andrea , Hadincová Věroslava , Vandvik Vigdis , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: May 2021

PremiseDespite the existence of many studies on the responses of plant species to climate change, there is a knowledge gap on how specific climatic factors and their interactions regulate seed germination in alpine species. This understanding is complicated by the interplay between responses of seeds to the environment experienced during germination, the environment experienced by the maternal plant during seed development and genetic adaptations of the maternal plant to its environment of origin.MethodsThe study species (Anthoxanthum alpinum, A. odoratum) originated from localities with factorial combinations of temperature and precipitation. Seed germination was tested in conditions simulating the extreme ends of the current field conditions and a climate change scenario. We compared the performance of field‐collected seeds with that of garden‐collected seeds.ResultsA change to warmer and wetter conditions resulted in the highest germination of A. alpinum, while A. odoratum germinated the most in colder temperature and with home moisture. The maternal environment did have an impact on plant performance of the study species. Field‐collected seeds of A. alpinum tolerated warmer conditions better than those from the experimental garden.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate how knowledge of responses to climate change can increase our ability to understand and predict the fate of alpine species. Studies that aim to understand the germination requirements of seeds under future climates should use experimental designs allowing the separation of genetic differentiation, plasticity and maternal effects and their interactions, since all these mechanisms play an important role in driving species’ germination patterns.
Skeletal and molecular findings in 51 Cleidocranial dysplasia patients from Turkey
Authors: Berkay Ezgi Gizem , Elkanova Leyla , Kalaycı Tuğba , Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Altunoğlu Umut , Cefle Kıvanç , Mıhçı Ercan , Nur Banu , Taşdelen Elifcan , Bayramoğlu Zuhal , Karaman Volkan , Toksoy Güven , Güneş Nilay , Öztürk Şükrü , Palandüz Şükrü , Kayserili Hülya , Tüysüz Beyhan , Uyguner Zehra Oya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLoss or decrease of function in runt‐related transcription factor 2 encoded by RUNX2 is known to cause a rare autosomal‐dominant skeletal disorder, cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Clinical spectrum and genetic findings in 51 CCD patients from 30 unrelated families are herein presented. In a majority of the patients, facial abnormalities, such as delayed fontanel closure (89%), parietal and frontal bossing (80%), metopic groove (77%), midface hypoplasia (94%), and abnormal mobility of shoulders (90%), were recorded following clinical examination. In approximately one‐half of the subjects, wormian bone (51%), short stature (43%), bell‐shaped thorax (42%), wide pubic symphysis (50%), hypoplastic iliac wing (59%), and chef's hat sign (44%) presented in available radiological examinations. Scoliosis was identified in 28% of the patients. Investigation of RUNX2 revealed small sequence alterations in 90% and gross deletions in 10% of the patients; collectively, 23 variants including 11 novel changes (c.29_30insT, c.203delAinsCG, c.423 + 2delT, c.443_454delTACCAGATGGGAinsG, c.505C > T, c.594_595delCTinsG, c.636_637insC, c.685 + 5G > A, c.1088G > T, c.1281delC, Exon 6–9 deletion) presented high allelic heterogeneity. Novel c.29_30insT is unique in affecting the P1‐driven long isoform of RUNX2, which is expected to disrupt the N‐terminal region of RUNX2; this was shown in two unrelated phenotypically discordant patients. The clinical findings highlighted mild intra‐familial genotype–phenotype correlation in our CCD cohort.
N‐Methoxy arenesulfonamide as a Sulfonyl Equivalent For Palladium‐Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Arenes Through C−H Activation
Authors: Ojha Subhadra , Panda Niranjan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of sulfones in natural products, pharmaceutically active molecules and functional materials draw immense attention for their synthesis. Here, we report a palladium‐catalyzed protocol for synthesizing diaryl sulfones from the arenes through C−H activation. N‐methoxy arenesulfonamide was exploited as a potential sulfonyl donor by the cleavage of S−N bond through a radical pathway. The present methodology has several advantages: a simple, readily available catalytic system; the use of a stable sulfonyl donor; a relatively moderate excess of arene coupling partner for an undirected C−H activation process, along with the tolerances of aryl bromides and iodides, which in turn permits further cross‐coupling reactions to afford cross‐coupled sulfones.
Merging Electron Transfer with 1,2‐Metalate Rearrangement: Deoxygenative Arylation of Aromatic Amides with Arylboronic Esters
Authors: Jiao Jiwen , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmides are essentially inert carboxyl derivatives in many types of chemical transformations. In particular, deoxygenative C−C bond formation of amides to synthetically important amines is a long‐standing challenge for synthetic chemists due to the inertness of the resonance‐stabilized amide C=O bond. Herein, it is disclosed that by merging electron‐transfer‐induced activation with 1,2‐metalate rearrangement, a wide range of aromatic amides react smoothly with arylboron reagents, affording a series of biologically relevant diarylmethylamines as deoxygenative C−C bond cross‐coupling products. With its simplicity and versatility, this reaction shows great promise in the synthesis of amines from amides, which may open up new avenues in retrosynthetic planning and find widespread use in academia and industry.