bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XRCC5/6 polymorphisms and their interactions with smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction in breast cancer risk: A Chinese multi‐center study
Authors: Yu Li‐Xiang , Liu Li‐Yuan , Xiang Yu‐Juan , Wang Fei , Zhou Fei , Huang Shu‐Ya , Zheng Chao , Ye Chun‐Miao , Zhou Wen‐Zhong , Yin Geng‐Shen , Zhang Jia‐Lin , Cui Shu‐De , Tian Fu‐Guo , Fan Zhi‐Min , Geng Cui‐Zhi , Cao Xu‐Chen , Yang Zhen‐Lin , Wang Xiang , Liang Hong , Wang Shu , Jiang Hong‐Chuan , Duan Xue‐Ning , Wang Hai‐Bo , Li Guo‐Lou , Wang Qi‐Tang , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Jin Feng , Tang Jin‐Hai , Li Liang , Zhu Shi‐Guang , Zuo Wen‐Shu , Ma Zhong‐Bing , Yu Zhi‐Gang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundX‐ray repair cross‐complementary 5 (XRCC5) and 6 (XRCC6) are critical for DNA repair. Few studies have assessed their association with breast cancer risk, and related gene‐environment interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the influence of XRCC5/6 polymorphisms on breast cancer risk, and their interactions with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction.MethodsThe study included 1039 patients with breast cancer and 1040 controls. Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC5 and two of XRCC6 were genotyped. Information about smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction was collected through questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and related 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed using unconditional logistic regression models. Gene‐environment interactions were analyzed using logistic regression with multiplicative interaction models.ResultsXRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with increased breast cancer risk in the co‐dominant (ptrend = 0.003) and dominant (CA + AA vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07–1.56, p = 0.008) genetic models after Bonferroni correction. The CG + GG genotype of XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor‐negative/progesterone receptor‐negative (ER−/PR−) breast cancer (CG + GG vs. CC: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.12–2.13, p = 0.008) after Bonferroni correction. Moreover, an antagonistic interaction between XRCC5 rs16855458 and alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.017), and a synergistic interaction between XRCC6 rs2267437 and sleep satisfaction were associated with breast cancer risk (pinteraction = 0.0497). However, these interactions became insignificant after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionXRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with breast cancer risk, and XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with the risk of ER−/PR− breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with XRCC5 and XRCC6 polymorphisms might vary according to alcohol consumption and sleep satisfaction, respectively, and merit further investigation.
Comparing Co‐catalytic Effects of ZrOx, SmOx, and Pt on COx Methanation over Co‐based Catalysts Prepared by Double Flame Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Stahl Jakob , Ilsemann Jan , Pokhrel Suman , Schowalter Marco , Tessarek Christian , Rosenauer Andreas , Eickhoff Martin , Bäumer Marcus , Mädler Lutz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of different co‐catalytically acting promoters (Pt, ZrOx and SmOx) during COx methanation was investigated on alumina supported Co‐based model catalysts. To obtain samples with identical structure and morphology independent of the presence and the type of promoter added, double flame spray pyrolysis was employed for the synthesis, which, in contrast to classical catalyst preparation techniques, allows controlling and separating the particle formation processes of the different catalyst components. In this way, differently promoted and unpromoted catalysts with identical size distributions and dispersions could be synthesized to study co‐catalytic effects in isolation. For CO2 methanation, all promoters led to improved methanation yields and long‐term activities within the whole temperature range as compared to the unpromoted catalyst. Among them, zirconia and platinum performed best. In case of CO methanation, a beneficial influence of the studied promoters could also be verified – with Pt showing the best results. Yet, all catalysts deactivated rapidly above 310 °C, limiting their usability to lower temperatures.
Photoinduced NaI‐Promoted Radical Borylation of Alkyl Halides and Pseudohalides
Authors: Wang Chenglan , Zhou Lu , Yang Kai , Zhang Feng , Song Qiuling 
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusionA method for photoinduced NaI‐promoted radical borylation of aliphatic halides and pseudohalides with bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2) as the boron source is introduced. The borylation reaction is operationally simple and shows high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through SN2‐based radical‐generation strategy.
Efferent projections of CGRP/Calca‐expressing parabrachial neurons in mice
Authors: Huang Dake , Grady Fillan S. , Peltekian Lila , Laing Justin J. , Geerling Joel C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe parabrachial nucleus (PB) is composed of glutamatergic neurons at the midbrain–hindbrain junction. These neurons form many subpopulations, one of which expresses Calca, which encodes the neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). This Calca‐expressing subpopulation has been implicated in a variety of homeostatic functions, but the overall distribution of Calca‐expressing neurons in this region remains unclear. Also, while previous studies in rats and mice have identified output projections from CGRP‐immunoreactive or Calca‐expressing neurons, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their efferent projections. We began by identifying neurons with Calca mRNA and CGRP immunoreactivity in and around the PB, including populations in the locus coeruleus and motor trigeminal nucleus. Calca‐expressing neurons in the PB prominently express the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1) and are distinct from neighboring neurons that express Foxp2 and Pdyn. Next, we used Cre‐dependent anterograde tracing with synaptophysin‐mCherry to map the efferent projections of these neurons. Calca‐expressing PB neurons heavily target subregions of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basal forebrain, thalamic intralaminar and ventral posterior parvicellular nuclei, and hindbrain, in different patterns depending on the injection site location within the PB region. Retrograde axonal tracing revealed that the previously unreported hindbrain projections arise from a rostral‐ventral subset of CGRP/Calca neurons. Finally, we show that these efferent projections of Calca‐expressing neurons are distinct from those of neighboring PB neurons that express Pdyn. This information provides a detailed neuroanatomical framework for interpreting experimental work involving CGRP/Calca‐expressing neurons and opioid action in the PB region.
Architecture of visual design creation system based on 5G virtual reality
Authors: Gao Guozhen , Li Wenyu 
Published: March 2021

SummaryArtificial intelligence, which simulates the behavior of the human brain with a computer, including learning, reasoning, decision‐making and prediction, association, and other aspects, with the help of artificial intelligence technology to help visual communication designers complete high‐quality, efficient, and high‐volume design output, has become a trend. However, there are many defects in the existing visual design and creation system under the intelligent human–computer cooperation. Therefore, based on 5G virtual reality, this paper proposes the framework of visual design and creation system under intelligent human–computer cooperation research that has been carried out. This paper uses the method of literature analysis and other methods to study. In the research process, based on 5G virtual reality, this paper builds the framework of visual design and creation system under the intelligent human–computer cooperation of virtual reality and tests the visual design creation system based on 5G virtual reality from the aspects of response time, visual design completion time, and visual presentation effect; the system is compared with other intelligent human–computer cooperation visual design creation systems. The results show that the clarity score of this system is 96.5, the visual presentation quality score is 95.8, the clarity score of other systems is 87.6, and the visual presentation quality score is 86.3. Therefore, this system has very high superiority compared with other intelligent human–computer cooperation visual design and creation systems.
Stability and detectability of testosterone esters in dried blood spots after intramuscular injections
Authors: Solheim Sara Amalie , Levernæs Maren Christin Stillesby , Mørkeberg Jakob , Juul Anders , Upners Emmie N. , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup , Dehnes Yvette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile misuse of testosterone esters is widespread in elite and recreational sports, direct detection of intact testosterone esters in doping control samples is hampered by the rapid hydrolysis by esterases present in the blood. With dried blood spot (DBS) as sample matrix, continued degradation of the esters is avoided due to inactivation of the hydrolase enzymes in dried blood. Here, we have developed the method further for detection of testosterone esters in DBS with focus on robustness and applicability in doping control. To demonstrate the method's feasibility, DBS samples from men receiving two intramuscular injections of Sustanon® 250 (n = 9) or placebo (n = 10) were collected, transported, and stored prior to analysis, to mimic a doping control scenario. The presented nanoLC‐HRMS/MS method appeared reliable and suitable for direct detection of four testosterone esters (testosterone decanoate, isocaproate, phenylpropionate, and propionate) after extraction from DBS. Sustanon® was detected in all subjects for at least 5 days, with detection window up to 14 days for three of the esters. Evaluation of analyte stability showed that while storage at room temperature is tolerated well for a few days, testosterone esters are highly stable (>18 months) in DBS when stored in frozen conditions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the applicability of DBS sampling in doping control for detection of steroid esters. The fast collection and reduced shipment costs of DBS compared with urine and standard blood samples, respectively, will allow more frequent and/or large‐scale testing to increase detection and deterrence.
Geomorphological characteristics of the Wabash River, USA: Influence on fish assemblages
Authors: Robbins Jeff , Pyron Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRiver hydrogeomorphology is a potential predictor of ecosystem and assemblage variation. We tested for fish assemblage variation as a function of hydrogeomorphology in a Midwestern US large river, the Wabash River. Fish data were classified by taxonomy and traits and we tested if assemblages varied with river hydrogeomorphology or river distance, defined into 10‐km distinct reaches. Three unique geomorphological units, Functional Process Zones (FPZ), were identified using an ArcGIS hydrogeomorphic model, based primarily on channel width, floodplain width, and down valley slope. Five locations were identified as FPZ A with narrow stream channel, high down valley slope, and an expansive floodplain. Ten locations were identified as FPZ B with a wide river channel and wide floodplain. Thirty‐five locations were identified as FPZ C with wide river channel and a constrained floodplain. The sites were categorized into three stream orders: 5, 6, and 7. We found hydrogeomorphology classified by unique FPZs or by river distance influenced taxonomic and functional fish assemblages for the Wabash River. There was high overlap among fish occurrences among FPZs, but nine species resulted as significant indicators of specific FPZs. Five traits were significant indicators of FPZs: an intermediate Swim Factor score, medium tolerance to silt, small‐large stream size preference, and two Shape Factor categories. Our conclusions are that fish assemblages respond strongly to local geomorphology and river distance, fitting the riverine ecosystem synthesis and the river continuum concept.
Characterization of Salix nigra floral insect community and activity of three native Andrena bees
Authors: Simon Sandra J. , Keefover‐Ring Ken , Park Yong‐Lak , Wimp Gina , Grady Julianne , DiFazio Stephen P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalix nigra (black willow) is a widespread tree that hosts many species of polylectic hymenopterans and oligolectic bees of the genus Andrena. The early flowering of S. nigra makes it an important nutritive resource for arthropods emerging from hibernation. However, since S. nigra is dioecious, not all insect visits will lead to successful pollination. Using both visual observation and pan‐trapping, we characterized the community of arthropods that visited S. nigra flowers and assessed differences among male and female trees as well as the chemical and visual drivers that influenced community composition across 3 years. We found that male trees consistently supported higher diversity of insects than female trees and only three insect species, all Andrena spp., consistently visited both sexes. Additionally, Andrena nigrae, which was the only insect that occurred more on female than male flowers, correlated strongly to volatile cues. This suggests that cross‐pollinators cue into specific aspects of floral scent, but diversity of floral visitors is driven strongly by visual cues of yellow male pollen. Through time, the floral activity of two Andrena species remained stable, but A. nigrae visited less in 2017 when flowers bloomed earlier than other years. When native bee emergence does not synchronize with bloom, activity appears to be diminished which could threaten species that subsist on a single host. Despite the community diversity of S. nigra flowers, its productivity depends on a small fraction of species that are not threatened by competition, but rather rapidly changing conditions that lead to host‐insect asynchrony.
Sex‐specific migratory behaviors in a temperate ungulate
Authors: Rodgers Patrick A. , Sawyer Hall , Mong Tony W. , Stephens Sam , Kauffman Matthew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSexual segregation has been intensely studied across diverse ecosystems and taxa, but studies are often limited to periods when animals occupy distinct seasonal ranges. Some avian and marine studies have revealed that habitat segregation, when sexes differ spatially or temporally in use of the physical landscape, is common during the migratory period and characterized by sex‐specific differences in migratory behaviors. Recent research highlights the importance of understanding movement patterns in the context of the full annual life cycle and highlights the need to extend relevant theories of sexual segregation to the migratory period. We tested predictions from two leading hypotheses of sexual segregation, the forage‐selection hypothesis (FSH) and the reproductive strategy hypothesis (RSH) as applied to the migratory period. We collected global positioning system (GPS) location data for male and female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in south‐central Wyoming and northwest Colorado and tested the main predictions of the FSH and RSH. Both sexes showed high fidelity to their migratory routes, but route fidelity was more variable in males. Males also started spring migrations earlier, ended spring and autumn migrations later, and spent 22% more time on stopover sites during spring migrations. Consequently, males took twice as long in spring and 44% longer in autumn to complete migration. Our results revealed clear sex‐specific migratory behaviors and supported predictions of the RSH that male foraging behaviors optimize body condition for the autumn rut, and females prioritize foraging while balancing reproductive constraints. Specifically, males timed their movements with spring green‐up as optimally as females, and the timing of male migrations and use of stopovers suggested that males prioritized time in areas of high‐quality forage. This refutes predictions of the FSH during the migratory period that males should consistently choose habitats with abundant, low‐quality forage. Our findings provide an important contribution to sexual segregation theory by extending relevant theories to understand male and female movements during the migratory period.
Association with a novel protective microbe facilitates host adaptation to a stressful environment
Authors: Hoang Kim L. , Gerardo Nicole M. , Morran Levi T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProtective symbionts can allow hosts to occupy otherwise uninhabitable niches. Despite the importance of symbionts in host evolution, we know little about how these associations arise. Encountering a microbe that can improve host fitness in a stressful environment may favor persistent interactions with that microbe, potentially facilitating a long-term association. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis protects Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes from heat shock by increasing host fecundity compared to the nonprotective Escherichia coli. In this study, we ask how the protection provided by the bacterium affects the host's evolutionary trajectory. Because of the stark fitness contrast between hosts heat shocked on B. subtilis versus E. coli, we tested whether the protection conferred by the bacteria could increase the rate of host adaptation to a stressful environment. We passaged nematodes on B. subtilis or E. coli, under heat stress or standard conditions for 20 host generations of selection. When assayed under heat stress, we found that hosts exhibited the greatest fitness increase when evolved with B. subtilis under stress compared to when evolved with E. coli or under standard (nonstressful) conditions. Furthermore, despite not directly selecting for increased B. subtilis fitness, we found that hosts evolved to harbor more B. subtilis as they adapted to heat stress. Our findings demonstrate that the context under which hosts evolve is important for the evolution of beneficial associations and that protective microbes can facilitate host adaptation to stress. In turn, such host adaptation can benefit the microbe.
The impact of auditory hallucinations on “living well” with dementia: Findings from the IDEAL programme
Authors: Choi Aaron , Ballard Clive , Martyr Anthony , Collins Rachel , Morris Robin G. , Clare Linda ,   IDEAL programme team
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether auditory hallucinations in community‐dwelling people with dementia (PwD) living in the community impacted on quality of life (QoL), subjective wellbeing and life satisfaction.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.Settings and participants1251 community‐dwelling PwD and caregivers were included in this study.MeasuresNeuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire completed by caregiver interview. Mean differences between the absence and presence of auditory hallucinations were compared to scores on three validated measures of living well: QoL in Alzheimer's disease scale (QoL‐AD), World Health Organization‐Five Well‐being Index and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Analysis of covariance determined the confounding contributions of cognition via Mini‐Mental State Examination, depression via Geriatric Depression Scale‐10, caregiver stress via Relative Stress Scale and whether antipsychotic drugs were prescribed.ResultsAuditory hallucinations were associated with lower scores for QoL (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.01), wellbeing (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.02) and life satisfaction (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.01). After controlling for background measures, which were potential confounds, the relationship between auditory hallucinations and QoL (p = 0.04, pη2 = 0.01) and wellbeing (p < 0.000, pη2 = 0.02) remained significant but there was no significant association with life satisfaction.ConclusionAuditory hallucinations are associated with lower QoL and wellbeing in PwD living in the community. This has implications for targeted therapies in PwD with psychotic symptoms.
Sulfatase 2 (SULF2) Monoclonal Antibody 5D5 Suppresses Human Cholangiocarcinoma Xenograft Growth Through Regulation of a SULF2–Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta–Yes‐Associated Protein Signaling Axis
Authors: Luo Xin , Campbell Nellie A. , He Li , O'Brien Daniel R. , Singer Mark S. , Lemjabbar‐Alaoui Hassan , Ahn Keun Soo , Smoot Rory , Torbenson Michael S. , Rosen Steven D. , Roberts Lewis R. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Existing therapeutic approaches to treat cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have limited effectiveness, prompting further study to develop therapies for CCA. We report a mechanistic role for the heparan sulfate editing enzyme sulfatase 2 (SULF2) in CCA pathogenesis.

Approach and Results

In silico analysis revealed elevated SULF2 expression in human CCA samples, occurring partly through gain of SULF2 copy number. We examined the effects of knockdown or overexpression of SULF2 on tumor growth, chemoresistance, and signaling pathway activity in human CCA cell lines in vitro. Up‐regulation of SULF2 in CCA leads to increased platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)–Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling activity, promoting tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance. To explore the utility of targeting SULF2 in the tumor microenvironment for CCA treatment, we tested an anti‐SULF2 mouse monoclonal antibody, 5D5, in a mouse CCA xenograft model. Targeting SULF2 by monoclonal antibody 5D5 inhibited PDGFRβ–YAP signaling and tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model.

Conclusions
These results suggest that SULF2 monoclonal antibody 5D5 or related agents may be potentially promising therapeutic agents in CCA.
Statistical approach on 3D hydromagnetic flow of water‐based nanofluid between two vertical porous plates moving in opposite directions
Authors: Neethu Thaivalappil Sugathan , Areekara Sujesh , Mathew Alphonsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nanofluid flow between two plates is a common topic of research. However, studies dealing with the flow between two vertical plates moving in different directions have not been largely accounted for. The main aim of this study is to analytically and statistically investigate the MHD flow of water‐based nanofluid between two vertical porous plates moving in opposite directions using perturbation technique and multiple linear regression, respectively. The consequence of various parameters on concentration, temperature, and velocity are examined via graphs using MATLAB software. It is observed that the main flow velocity profile is greater when the magnetic field is applied on the upward moving plate as compared to the main flow velocity when the magnetic field is applied on the downward‐moving plate. The physical quantities are scrutinized using statistical tools like probable error and multiple linear regression and an excellent agreement is noted. It is noted that the Nusselt number is highly positively correlated with the injection parameter and highly negatively correlated with nanoparticle volume fraction. Furthermore, the simultaneous effects of parameters on drag coefficients are studied with the aid of three‐dimensional surface plots.