bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholangiocarcinoma Therapeutics: An Update
Authors: Nguyen Mai Ly Thi , Toan Nguyen Linh , Bozko Maria , Bui Khac Cuong , Bozko Przemyslaw 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common hepatobiliary
cancer and associated with a poor prognosis. Only one-third of CCA cases are diagnosed at operable
stages. However, a high rate of relapse has been observed postoperatively. Besides screening
for operable individuals, efficacious therapeutic for recurrent and advanced CCA is urgently needed.
The treatment outcome of available therapeutics is important to clarify clinical indication and
facilitate the development of treatment strategies.

Objective:
This review aims to compare the treatment outcome of different therapeutics based on
both overall survival and progression-free survival.

Methods:
Over one hundred peer-reviewed articles were examined. We compared the treatment
outcome between different treatment methods, including tumor resection with or without postoperative
systematic therapy, chemotherapies including FOFLOX, and targeted therapies, such as IDH1,
K-RAS, and FGFR inhibitors. Notably, the scientific basis and outcome of available treatment
methods were compared with the standard first-line therapy.

Results:
CCAs at early stages should firstly undergo tumor resection surgery, followed by postoperative
treatment with Capecitabine. Chemotherapy can be considered as a preoperative option for unresectable
CCAs. Inoperable CCAs with genetic aberrances like FGFR alterations, IDH1, and KRAS
mutations should be considered with targeted therapies. Fluoropyrimidine prodrug
(S-1)/Gemcitabine/Cisplatin and nab-Paclitaxel/Gemcitabine/Cisplatin show favorable outcome
which hints at the triplet regimen to be superior to Gemcitabine/Cisplatin on CCA. The triplet chemotherapeutic
should be tested further compared to Gemcitabine/Cisplatin among CCAs without
genetic alterations. Gemcitabine plus S-1 was recently suggested as the convenient and equivalent
standard first-line for advanced/recurrent biliary tract cancer.

Conclusions:
This review provides a comparative outcome between novel targeted therapies and
currently available therapeutics.
Acetogenins Exhibit Potential BCL-XL Inhibitor for the Induction of Apoptosis in the Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Nordin Noraziah , Khimani Kaynat , Abd Ghani Mohd Faiz 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and
cancer chemotherapy resistance, resulting in a good target for cancer treatment. Understanding the
function of BCL-XL has driven the progression of a new class of cancer drugs that can mimic its
natural inhibitors, BH3-only proteins, to trigger apoptosis. This mimicking is initiated through acetogenins
due to their excellent biological properties. Acetogenins, which can be isolated from Annonaceae
plants, have a unique structure along with several oxygenated functionalities.

Objective:
Based on their biological capability, various acetogenins were studied in the present
study and compared alongside ABT-737 on molecular docking.

Methods:
The docking simulation of acetogenins was performed using AutoDock Vina software.

Results:
Our findings have shown eleven acetogenins-BCL-XL protein complex, namely, muricin
B (2), muricin F (4), muricin H (6), muricin I (7), xylomaticin (9), annomontacin (12), annonacin
(14), squamocin (15), squamostatin A (16), bullatacin (20) and annoreticulin (21) exhibited strong
binding affinities lower than – 10.4 kcalmol-1 as compared to ABT-373-BCL-XL complex. Six hydrogen
bonds along with hydrophobic interaction were detected on the complex of BCL-XL with
muricin B (2), muricin G (5), corossolone (11), and isoannonacin-10-one A (18).

Conclusion:
These findings indicated that some acetogenins could represent a new potential BCLXL
inhibitor that could mimic the BH3-only protein for the induction of apoptosis in cancer chemotherapy.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers of Cordocentesis Blood in Response to Fetal Anemia
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Kumfu Sirinart , Chattipakorn Nipon , Tongsong Theera 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Hypothetically, fetal anemic hypoxia causes cellular damage with an increase in oxidative stress levels. This study, using hemoglobin (Hb) Bart’s disease as a study model, aims to compare the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers as well as fetal hemodynamics in anemic fetuses with those of non-anemic fetuses.

Materials and Methods:
Forty pregnancies at risk of fetal Hb Bart’s disease scheduled for cordocentesis at 18 to 22 weeks were recruited into the study. Fetal blood was collected to measure the levels of 8-Isoprostane (8-Isop), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and hemoglobin as well as for hemoglobin typing.

Results:
There was no significant difference in cord blood 8-Isop, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels between the Hb Bart’s disease group and the unaffected group, whereas several hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac output, cardiac size, cardiac performance, middle cerebral artery – peak systolic velocity, etc., were significantly changed in the fetal Hb Bart’s group. In the subgroup analysis, the level of serum 8-Isop in the severe anemia group tended to increase, though not significantly, compared with the non-anemic group (275.3±141.8 vs 203.9±49.2 pg/mL; p=0.079).

Conclusions:
In response to anemia, fetuses might have a high capacity of hemodynamic adaptation without significant cellular damage, though a trend of an increase in oxidative stress marker was found in severe fetal anemia. Theoretically, intrauterine blood transfusion for fetal anemia during adaptive compensation may result in no residual insults.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Indole-Pyrazole Amalgamated α-Cyano Substituted Chalcones
Authors: Bhale Pravin S. , Shringare Sadanand N. , Khade Amol B. , Chavan Hemant V. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Indole and pyrazole constitute a major class of biologically active scaffolds. The
amalgamation of two or more pharmacophores would generate novel molecular templates that are likely to unveil
remarkable biological properties.

Objective:
An efficient and high yielding synthesis of indole-pyrazole integrated α-cyano substituted chalcones
and their in vitro anti-breast cancer and antioxidant evaluation.

Methods:
The synthesis of a series of indole-pyrazole amalgamated α-cyano substituted chalcones (6a-o) was
achieved by reacting substituted 3-cyanoacetyl indole 2 with substituted pyrazole aldehyde 5 in the presence of
piperidine. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and HRMS spectroscopy.

Results:
Anti-breast cancer evaluation of the synthesized compounds in vitro against MCF-7 cell line revealed
high anti-breast cancer activities. Amongst the compounds screened 6f, 6g, 6h, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6i and 6k unveiled
excellent activity against breast carcinoma (GI<50 <0.1μM) as good as adriamycin (GI50 <0.1μM). The compounds
were also screened against the normal Vero monkey cell line and the results demonstrated more selectivity
against MCF-7. On the other hand, compounds 6b, 6c, 6d, 6h and 6i have shown moderate DPPH and NO
radical scavenging activity.

Conclusion:
Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antitumor activities. These results further
support its safety margin by studying the activity on normal Vero monkey cell line. These results acclaim
the possible use of these compounds for the design and development of potent anti-breast cancer agents.
Organic Semiconductors with Benzoic Acid Based Additives for Solution- Processed Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , He Zhengran , Asare-Yeboah Kyeiwaa , Bi Sheng 
Published: February 2021

Background:
although solution-processed small molecular organic semiconductors have
attracted great attention for organic electronic applications, the intrinsic crystal misorientation of the
organic semiconductors still remains a challenging issue.

Objective:
two benzoic acid-based additives, i.e. 4-propylbenzoic acid (RBA) and 4-octylbenzoic
acid (OBA), were employed to regulate the crystal growth and charge transport of organic semiconductors.

Methods:
RBA and OBA were mixed with a π-conjugated organic semiconductor 6,13-
bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene), respectively. Organic thin-film transistors
(OTFTs) with different bottom-gate, top-contact and bottom-gate, bottom-contact configurations
were fabricated to investigate charge transport.

Results:
RBA and OBA share a similar benzoic acid structure with the same hydrophilic head but
differ in the length of the hydrophobic tail. The benzoic acid-based additive forms a stratified selfassembled
interfacial layer and maneuvers nucleation seed distribution via synergetic interactions
with the silanol groups on silicon dioxide and with the bulky side chains of the semiconductor. The
TIPS pentacene film with OBA additive exhibited a 10-fold reduction in misorientation angle as
compared to the counterpart with RBA.

Conclusion:
Distinct thin film morphology in terms of crystal alignment and grain width was observed
and correlated to the hydrophobic tail length. In particular, OTFTs incorporating the TIPS
pentacene/benzoic acid mixture as the active layer showed a mobility of up to 0.15 cm2/Vs.
High Speed FPGA Based 128-Bit Advance Encryption Standard (AES)
Authors: Hamidi Ibrahem M.T. , Al-Aassi Farah S.H. 
Published: February 2021

Achieve high throughput 128 bits FPGA based Advanced Encryption Standard.

Background:
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) provides an efficient platform for design an
AES cryptography system. It provides the capability to control each bit using HDL programming language
such as VHDL and Verilog which results from an output speed in Gbps rang.

Objective:
Use Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to design high throughput 128 bits FPGA
based Advanced Encryption Standard.

Method:
Pipelining technique has been used to achieve the maximum possible speed. The level of pipelining
includes round pipelining and internal component pipelining where a number of registers are
inserted in particular places to increase the output speed. The proposed design uses combinatorial logic
to implement the byte substitution. The s-box was implemented using composed field arithmetic with 7
stages of pipelining to reduce the combinatorial logic level. The presented model has been implemented
using VHDL in Xilinx ISETM 14.4 design tool.

Result:
The achieved results were 18.55 Gbps at a clock frequency of 144.96 MHz and an area of 1568
Slices in Spartan3 xc3s1000 hardware.

Conclusion:
The results show that the proposed design reaches a high throughput with acceptable area
usage compared with other designs in the literature.
ZigBee Technology to Provide Elderly People with Well-Being at Home
Authors: Alsulami Majid H. , Atkins Anthony S. , Alaboudi Abdulellah A. , Khan Nayyar A. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The number of elderly people is growing, and it becomes a challenge for the families and
governments regard their health. They are facing declines in their health and missing some of the quality of life that is
provided to them. They are unable to control their self. They are vulnerable to fall and get in dangerous or restricted area.

Aim:
This study aims at conducing an experiment using Real-Time Location System (RTLS) via ZigBee technology in
order to track the elderly person at his/her home.

Objectives:
To track the old age people and provide them proper care and support whenever they are in challenging times.

Method:
RTLS is a system that offers a real-time tracking and positioning of people or objects.

Results:
The results showed that the ZigBee technology provides valuable insights to determine the location of an elderly
person at home and sends an alert when a person gets in a restricted area.

Conclusion:
ZigBee have contributed to be one of the best of its kind protocol that can help to track and mange old aged
people at house.
Smart Heart Rate Monitoring System (SHRMS) Using IoT for Patients Inside
Emergency Vehicle
Authors: Bajaj Jaspreet Singh , Kumar Naveen , Kaushal Rajesh Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In developing countries, the healthcare system is facing numerous challenges. One of the major
challenges faced by the healthcare system is that the healthcare service providers are meager and geographically far from
the densely populated area.

Objective:
To overcome the above challenge, the present research work proposes SHRMS (Smart Heart Rate Monitoring
System) which provides the ad-hoc services to the patients who are in the transit mode in the emergency vehicle.

Method:
A pulse sensor is attached to the patient’s fingertip to fetch the heart rate of the patient. The patient’s data is further
transmitted to the microcontroller which in turn transmits the data to the ThingSpeak cloud service.

Result:
SHRMS provides the real-time monitoring of the patient and helps to provide emergency aid as per the patient’s
current situation.

Conclusion:
This device is beneficial for developing countries where the healthcare service providers are very less and
geographically scattered.
The Influence of Surface Charge on the Antiviral Effect of Curcumin Loaded in Nanocarrier System
Authors: Nabila Najwa , Hassan Siti R. , Larasati Gladys P. , Yohan Benediktus , Sasmono R.T. , Adi Annis C. , Iskandar Ferry , Rachmawati Heni 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Curcumin is a well-documented bioactive compound present in Curcuma
sp., a tropical, medicinal plant. This substance exhibits broad-spectrum biological activities, including
antivirus. Despite the lack of pharmaceutical properties of curcumin limits its clinical use.

Objective:
This study aims to produce curcumin nanoemulsion with different surface charge (curcumin
(+) nanoemulsion and curcumin (-) nanoemulsion) and to evaluate its physical characteristics,
in vitro cell cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity against dengue virus (DENV) 1 and 2.

Methods:
Two forms of nanoemulsion were prepared, which were differed from their surface
charge through spontaneous procedure resulting in similar characteristics except for the zeta potential
value. Cytotoxicity was determined using the RT-PCR method in the A549 cell line, and anti-
DENV properties were determined by calculation of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value.

Results :
The positive charge of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion showed a better effect in reducing
the viral replication represented by a lower IC50 value. In addition, DENV-1 was more sensitive
and responsive to curcumin as compared to DENV-2.

Conclusion :
Positive surface charge of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion improves the antiviral effect
of the curcumin, suggesting a promising approach for alternative treatment for dengue virus infection.
PERCEPTION OF QUALIFIED MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS TOWARD PRESCRIBING IN INTERNATIONAL NON-PROPRIETARY (GENERIC) NAMES – AN OBSERVATIONAL, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA
Authors: NANDY MANAB , BANERJEE KUSHAL , BISWAS INDRANIL , NANDY KAJORI , MAJUMDER SOUVIK , MUKHERJEE AYAN , KUMAR DAS ALAK 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the perception and practice of medical practitioners, working in tertiary care, and teaching institutions in Eastern India, regarding the use of generic (non-proprietary) names while prescribing. The study tried to assess their perception toward using drugs from the National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM), as well.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. Medical practitioners attached to the institution were considered for the study and those who gave voluntarily consent were included. Hundred participants were interviewed based on convenient random sampling. They were provided with the study questionnaire and the responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 using charts and tables.
Results: Majority (43/100) did not feel that generic medicines are as effective as reputed brands, while 32 felt they are of equally effective. About 45% (45/99) felt generics to be equally safe as and 24% (24/99) did not feel so. About 86% considered generics to be cheaper. About 56% did not prefer to substitute with generics in all conditions. About 73% had doubts regarding the quality of production of generics. The decision to use generics was mostly influenced by the lower cost (73%) and by administrative pressure (53%). About 58% felt that the NLEM does not contain all the medicines they would require in practice. About 94% agreed to prescribe more in generics if the quality may be ensured.
Conclusion: Awareness of the NLEM and about generics needs to be improved. Authorities need to ensure the quality of generics and assure the prescribers about it.
ASSOCIATION OF MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG MIDDLE SOCIOECONOMIC PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: NEKKANTI VINEELA , KISHORE GITHA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the association of maternal characteristics with complications of pregnancy among middle socioeconomic women.
Methods: The enrolled subjects were divided into two groups as complicated and uncomplicated group based on the occurrence of complications in current pregnancy and their sociodemographic details along with present and past medical and medication history was collected.
Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 25.33±4.22 years. Maternal characteristics such as age, parity, body mass index, maternal education, and employment status did not have a statistically significant association with the complications of pregnancy at p<0.05. However, the first antenatal visit at the gestational age <8 weeks had a statistically significant association with the complications of pregnancy at p=0.02.
Conclusion: Early initiation of antenatal care along with adequate antenatal visits may reduce the risk of complications of pregnancy.
IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION, MOLECULAR DOCKING, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: T HARSHITHA , KUMAR T VINAY , T VINEETHA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to perform in silico molecular docking and in vitro anticancer studies of proposed 1,2,4-triazole derivatives for the determination of their anticancer activity.
Methods: A series of 10 triazole compounds with different substituents were drawn in ACD Lab ChemSketch software. Molecular and biological properties were identified using Molinspiration software. The compounds that obeyed Lipinski rule of five are subjected for pharmacokinetic parameters prediction and docking analysis. SwissDock ADME software is used for the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Then, the compounds are docked with target enzymes in Chimera software 1.14 version. The molecular docking studies revealed favorable molecular interactions and binding energies. The compounds that showed good docking results were synthesized through wet lab synthesis and further preceded for in vitro anticancer studies.
Results: Three compounds are selected for wet lab synthesis due to their good docking results compared to other compounds. The synthesized compounds are subjected to different in vitro anticancer studies and found to be having potential anticancer activity.
Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic and docking studies conclude that the triazole compounds have potential as anticancer agents. The in vitro anticancer studies revealed that the triazole derivatives are having high potency of anticancer activity against pancreatic cell lines.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PERCEPTION OF INDIAN POPULATION ABOUT GENERIC VERSUS BRANDED MEDICINES: A WEB-BASED STUDY
Authors: RATHI HEENA , BIYANI MOHIT 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the current study is to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and perception of Indian Population about generic versus Branded Medicines.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional prospective web-based questionnaire study. We used an application name Google form and link (https://forms.gle/ RJA6XvPeJy6TXNzN9) was created. Total 537 participants took part in our study. Nineteen questions related to knowledge, attitude, and perception about generic versus branded medicines were asked in the questionnaire.
Results: In our study, 78.6% participants had heard about generic medicines. About 66.2% agreed that they understand the difference between both the medicines. About 74.5% knew that there is price difference in both the medicines. According to only 22.1% of our study participants’ doctors preferred generic medicines and 37.7% thought that chemists preferred to sell generic medicines than branded ones. About 40.4% knew that generic medicines are promoted by Indian government but surprisingly, 63.3% said that they are unaware of any government rules regarding this. About 44.9% did not know about the type of drugs on their prescription. About 54.8% preferred to buy generic medicines but interesting fact is that 74.3% had not asked their doctors to prescribe generic medicines but 41.7% believed that generic medicines should be promoted.
Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that poor knowledge, negative attitude, and false perception regarding generic medicines are the main hindrance of sits acceptance by general population.
TISSUE EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-17 SIGNIFICANTLY AND INDEPENDENTLY AFFECTS PRURITUS IN PSORIATIC PATIENTS: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: HUSSEIN ROSHDY OSSAMA , ABDEL-BARY AHMED , EL-ACHY SAMAR NABIL , WAHAB IBRAHIM ASMAA ABDEL 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed at the evaluation of pruritus and its intensity and aggravating factors in psoriatic patients with the assessment of its relation to interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression in psoriatic lesions.
Methods: The study included 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. A questionnaire was used for the evaluation of pruritus and its effect on the quality of life. Severity of pruritus was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) while clinical severity of psoriasis was assessed using psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score. Tissue immunohistochemical expression of IL-17 was assessed in psoriatic lesions and in 20 normal skin biopsies included as control.
Results: Pruritus was encountered in 92% of psoriatic patients studied, 45.5% of them considered emotional stress as the main pruritus aggravating factor. Pruritus had influenced the daily activity and sleep in 91.3% of the studied patients. Mean VAS in studied cases was 5.70 ± 2.76. VAS grades were significantly associated with PASI scores and IL-17 tissue expression on univariate analysis. On multilogistic regression analysis, both IL-17 and PASI scores emerged as independent influencers of pruritus.
Conclusion: Pruritus is a common symptom that affects the quality of life in psoriatic patients. IL-17 is an independent aggravating factor of pruritus in those patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the tissue expression of IL-17 in relation to pruritus. Pruritus treatment should be one of our goals while managing the psoriatic patients and anti-IL-17 may play a pivotal role in this field.