bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dental management of the asthmatic patients
Authors: Baghani Ehsan , Ouanounou Aviv 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAsthma is the most common chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. Our increased knowledge and understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this condition has widely assisted us in delivering effective therapies. Physicians strive to provide the best treatment modality to achieve symptom‐control and minimize the adverse effects of medication use. Nonetheless, patients continue to endure oral complications from the use of asthma medications. As dentists, it is prudent to address these oral complications and promote the oral health of these patients by way of early preventive and therapeutic dental intervention. This must be accomplished by adhering to certain precautionary measures for the sake of avoiding intraoperative problems while optimizing oral care. In this article, we discuss the diagnosis, oral findings, dental care, and emergency management of the asthmatic patients.
Profiling thimet oligopeptidase‐mediated proteolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Iannetta Anthony A. , Rogers Holden T. , Al‐Mohanna Thualfeqar , O’Brien Juliana N. , Wommack Andrew J. , Popescu Sorina C. , Hicks Leslie M. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYProtein homeostasis (proteostasis) is crucial for proper cellular function, including the production of peptides with biological functions through controlled proteolysis. Proteostasis has roles in maintenance of cellular functions and plant interactions with the environment under physiological conditions. Plant stress continues to reduce agricultural yields causing substantial economic losses; thus, it is critical to understand how plants perceive stress signals to elicit responses for survival. As previously shown in Arabidopsis thaliana, thimet oligopeptidases (TOPs) TOP1 (also referred to as organellar oligopeptidase) and TOP2 (also referred to as cytosolic oligopeptidase) are essential components in plant response to pathogens, but further characterization of TOPs and their peptide substrates is required to understand their contributions to stress perception and defense signaling. Herein, label‐free peptidomics via liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was used to differentially quantify 1111 peptides, originating from 369 proteins, between the Arabidopsis Col‐0 wild type and top1top2 knock‐out mutant. This revealed 350 peptides as significantly more abundant in the mutant, representing accumulation of these potential TOP substrates. Ten direct substrates were validated using in vitro enzyme assays with recombinant TOPs and synthetic candidate peptides. These TOP substrates are derived from proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, protein folding, biogenesis, and antioxidant defense, implicating TOP involvement in processes aside from defense signaling. Sequence motif analysis revealed TOP cleavage preference for non‐polar residues in the positions surrounding the cleavage site. Identification of these substrates provides a framework for TOP signaling networks, through which the interplay between proteolytic pathways and defense signaling can be further characterized.
Conservation and diversification of HAIRY MERISTEM gene family in land plants
Authors: Geng Yuan , Guo Lei , Han Han , Liu Xing , Banks Jo Ann , Wisecaver Jennifer H. , Zhou Yun 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYThe shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of land plants are crucial for plant growth and organ formation. In several angiosperms, the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) genes function as key regulators that control meristem development and stem cell homeostasis. To date, the origin and evolutionary history of the HAM family in land plants remains unclear. Potentially shared and divergent functions of HAM family members from angiosperms and non‐angiosperms are also not known. In constructing a comprehensive phylogeny of the HAM family, we show that HAM proteins are widely present in land plants and that HAM proteins originated prior to the divergence of bryophytes. The HAM family was duplicated in a common ancestor of angiosperms, leading to two distinct groups: type I and type II. Type‐II HAM members are widely present in angiosperms, whereas type‐I HAM members were independently lost in different orders of monocots. Furthermore, HAM members from angiosperms and non‐angiosperms (including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns and gymnosperms) are able to replace the role of the type‐II HAM genes in Arabidopsis, maintaining established SAMs and promoting the initiation of new stem cell niches. Our results uncover the conserved functions of HAM family members and reveal the conserved regulatory mechanisms underlying HAM expression patterning in meristems, providing insight into the evolution of key stem cell regulators in land plants.
Whole blood donors' post‐donation symptoms diminish quickly but are discouraging: Results from 6‐day symptom diaries
Authors: Sweegers Maike G. , Twisk Jos W.R. , Quee Franke A. , Ferguson Eamonn , van den Hurk Katja 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhole blood donors may experience post‐donation symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, or headache after blood donation, which could influence donor retention. We aimed to examine post‐donation symptoms during 1 week after whole blood donation, investigate donor characteristics associated with symptoms, and evaluate associations between symptoms and donor return.MethodsDuring 1 week, whole blood donors who donated successfully at one of the collection centers in The Netherlands were invited to participate. Three thousand seventy six donors filled in a diary, assessing post‐donation symptoms during days 1 to 6 after donation. We used linear mixed models analyses to determine the change in post‐donation symptoms after donation for male and female donors separately. Furthermore, we investigated associations between post‐donation symptoms and donors' physical characteristics using multivariable regression and determined associations between symptoms and donor return.ResultsDonors reported fatigue as the most common symptom, with approximately 3% of donors experiencing severe problems at the first day after donation. Multiple symptoms improved significantly up to day 3 after whole blood donation. Age, BMI, blood pressure (male donors), and blood volume (female donors) were significantly associated with post‐donation symptoms. Donors with less fatigue after whole blood donation were more likely to return for their next donation within 31 days after receiving an invitation.ConclusionPost‐symptoms improve up to 3 days after whole blood donation. Our results may help blood collection centers to identify donors more prone to post‐donation symptoms and provide personalized information about the presence and course of post‐donation symptoms, possibly increasing donor return rates.
Conjugate Thermal Optimization With Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Smith Reid , Dutta Sandip 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With advances in additive manufacturing of metal components, commercial production of complex turbine components is becoming feasible. Thus, designers are not constrained to the limitations of conventional manufacturing methods. A new conjugate optimization technique is proposed, which is not computationally demanding and can be used when several heat transfer modes are working simultaneously. For this study, film cooling holes in the leading edge of a gas turbine airfoil are optimized without trial and error simulations. Since the machine learning technique is not dependent on thermal analysis, the optimization technique can be applied to any nonlinear problem. Film hole sizes are optimized to minimize coolant flow rate while reducing the temperature variations in the stationary vane. The technique used a transfer function based iterative optimization process with unsupervised machine learning that has been termed nonlinear optimization with replacement strategy (NORS). It uses a grading metric to replace the worst performing hole combinations with one that has been optimized with a given objective and several constraints. Optimized results show significant reductions in vertical temperature variations along the leading edge while minimizing coolant flow rate. Reduced temperature variation results in reduced thermal stresses. The finite element (FE) model and the associated correlations are not part of the unsupervised machine learning technique; therefore, the proposed optimization model can be generalized for any engineering design with multiple inputs for learning and multiple outputs for grading.
Methodology for Calculating Minor Radioactive Releases From VVER 1000 Using TRACE Code
Authors: Ruscak M. , Mazzini G. , Dambrosio A. , Musa A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
After the Fukushima DAIICHI accident, new safety requirements were imposed in order to reduce risk of severe accident. One of the principles that have been adopted is the introduction of emergency action levels resulting from the expected consequences. They cover a wide range of component and system malfunctions resulting in emergency, incident, and/or accident conditions. To evaluate those emergency action levels, thermal hydraulic (TH) analyses simulating these malfunction/incident/accident conditions are required. This paper describes the simulation of a real operational incident scenario using a standard thermal hydraulic model of the power plant in the TRACE code that was originally intended for simulation of design basis accidents such as large break coolant accident or loss of flow accident. Special attention was given to the methodology, addressing a long duration of an incident with corrective actions of the operators, and to computational issues leading to model modifications caused by a long duration of the incident along with the necessary conservatisms in the estimated results of the simulated radioactivity release.
Mitigation of Pressure Fluctuations From an Array of Pulse Detonation Combustors
Authors: Haghdoost Mohammad Rezay , Thethy Bhavraj S. , Edgington-Mitchell Daniel , Habicht Fabian , Vinkeloe Johann , Djordjevic Neda , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Oberleithner Kilian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An annular plenum is integrated downstream of six pulse detonation combustors arranged in a canannular configuration. The primary purpose of the plenum is the mitigation of pressure and velocity fluctuations, which is crucial for operation with a downstream turbine. The flow inside the plenum is investigated by means of flush-mounted pressure transducers arranged in the axial and circumferential directions. The test rig is operated in different firing patterns at 16.7 Hz per tube. Two firing patterns are studied to characterize the shock dynamics inside the plenum. The obtained data allows for a better understanding of shock interaction and attenuation inside the plenum, as well as the quantification of pressure fluctuations at the plenum outlet. Furthermore, a comparison is made between piezoresistive and piezoelectric pressure transducers, showing the capability of piezoresistive transducers for dynamic pressure measurements. The performance of the piezoresistive transducers allows for time-resolved measurement of both static and total pressure at the exit of the plenum. Moreover, the plenum results in a significant attenuation of the leading shock wave while redistributing its energy both spatially and temporally.
Performance of a Turbine Rim Seal Subject to Rotationally-Driven and Pressure-Driven Ingestion
Authors: Bru Revert Anna , Beard Paul F. , Chew John W. , Bottenheim Sebastiaan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis experimental study considered the performance of a chute rim seal downstream of turbine nozzle guide vanes (but without rotor blades). The experimental setup reproduced rotationally-driven ingestion without vanes and conditions of pressure-driven ingestion with vanes. The maximum rotor speed was 9000 rpm corresponding to a rotational Reynolds number of 3.3 × 106 with a flow coefficient of 0.45. Measurements of mean pressures in the annulus and the disk rim cavity as well as values of sealing effectiveness deduced from gas concentration data are presented. At high values of flow coefficient (low rotational speeds), the circumferential pressure variation generated by the vanes drove relatively high levels of ingestion into the disk rim cavity. For a given purge flow rate, increasing the disk rotational speed led to a reduction in ingestion, shown by higher values of sealing effectiveness, despite the presence of upstream vanes. At Uax/(Ωb)=0.45, the sealing effectiveness approached that associated with purely rotationally-driven ingestion. A map of sealing effectiveness against non-dimensional purge flow summarizes the results and illustrates the combined rotational and pressure-driven effects on the ingestion mechanism. The results imply that flow coefficient is a relevant parameter in rim sealing and that rotational effects are important in many applications, especially turbines with low flow coefficient.
The Feasibility of an Euler–Lagrange Approach for the Modeling of Wet Steam
Authors: Wittmann Tim , Bode Christoph , Friedrichs Jens 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the applicability of an Euler–Lagrange approach for the calculation of nucleation and condensation of steam flows. Supersonic nozzles are used as generic validation cases, as their high expansion rates replicate the flow conditions in real turbines. Experimental and numerical validation data for these nozzles are provided by the International Wet Steam Modeling Project of Starzmann et al. (2018, “Results of the International Wet Steam Modeling Project,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. A, 232(5), pp. 550–570). In contrast to most participants of that project, an Euler–Lagrange approach is utilized for this study. Therefore, the classical nucleation theory with corrections and different droplet growth laws is incorporated into the discrete phase model of ansysfluent. Suggestions for an efficient implementation are presented. The Euler–Lagrange results show a good agreement with the experimental and numerical validation data. The sensitivities of the Euler–Lagrange approach to modeling parameters are analyzed. Finally, an optimal parameter set for the calculation of nucleation and condensation is proposed.
A Comparison Study of Soot Precursor and Aggregate Property Between Algae-Based Aviation Biofuel and Aviation Kerosene RP-3 in Laminar Flame
Authors: Sun Mingshan , Gan Zhiwen , Yang Yiyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Algae-based aviation biofuel shows the potential to reduce soot emission in flight. A comparison study of soot precursor and aggregate property between algae-based biofuel and aviation kerosene RP-3 in laminar flame was conducted to investigate the reason of biofuel’s less soot formation. The soot precursors were determined by the fringe lengths of soot particles. At a typical dimensionless height DH = 0.50 of both flames, the geometric mean fringe lengths of biofuel and RP-3 are measured to be 0.67 and 0.73 nm, respectively, approximating to the size of five-ringed (A5) and seven-ringed (A7) poly-aromatic hydrocarbon, respectively. An A5 growth mechanism was then added to biofuel surrogate mechanisms for soot formation simulation. Since the carbon number component of biofuel is wide and difficult for comprehensive mechanism development, two surrogate mechanisms were developed. One is based on the C8–C16 n-alkane that covers biofuel’s main components, and the other one is based on biofuel’s average carbon number to simplify the mechanism. Meanwhile, an A7 growth mechanism was added to a popular RP-3 mechanism. The soot formation simulation with the combination mechanisms for both fuels provides a better agreement with the measured primary particle diameter and suggests that the reason for less soot production by biofuel is its less soot precursor production that weakens soot nucleation and growth. Lastly, the soot fractal dimension of biofuel is smaller than that of RP-3, indicating that biofuel has a looser soot aggregate.
Vasoplegia in patients following ventricular assist device explant and heart transplantation
Authors: Emmanuel Sam , Pearman Madeleine , Jansz Paul , Hayward Christopher Simon 
Published: January 2021

Background: Vasoplegia has been shown to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. It has been previously stated that low pulsatile states as seen with current left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) may contribute to vasoplegia post LVAD-explant and heart transplant. We sought to examine the literature regarding vasoplegia in the post-operative setting for patients undergoing LVAD explant and heart transplant. Method: A literature review was conducted to firstly define vasoplegia in the setting of LVAD patients, and secondly to better understand the relationship between vasoplegia and LVAD explantation in the postoperative heart transplant patient cohort. A keyword search of ‘vasoplegia’ OR ‘vasoplegic’ AND ‘transplant’ was used. Search engines used were PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov , Ovid, Scopus and grey literature. Results: 17 studies met the selection criteria for review. Three key themes emerged from the literature. Firstly, there is limited consensus regarding the definition of vasoplegia. Secondly, patients with LVADs experienced higher rates of vasoplegia following heart transplant than their counterparts and thirdly, increased cardiopulmonary bypass time was associated with a higher rate of vasoplegia. Conclusion: Vasoplegia is not clearly defined in the literature as it pertains to the LVAD patient cohort. Patients bridged with LVADs appear to have higher rates of vasoplegia, however the aetiology of this is unclear and may be associated with continuous flow physiology or prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time. A universal definition will aid in risk stratification, early recognition and management.
Drug-related problems among patients with infectious disease admitted to medical wards of Wollega University Referral Hospital: Prospective observational study
Authors: Bekele Firomsa , Fekadu Ginenus , Bekele Kumera , Dugassa Dinka , Sori Jiregna 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Drug-related problems can affect the treatment outcomes of hospitalized patients and outpatients that lead to morbidity and mortality. Despite this, there were scanty of studies among patients with infectious diseases in Ethiopia. As the result, this study was tried to assess the magnitude and determinants of drug therapy problems among infectious disease patients admitted to the medical wards of Wollega University Referral Hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from May to August 2019. The prevalence and types of drug- related therapy problems were studied using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation classification system, and adverse drug reaction was assessed by using the Naranjo algorithm. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of drug-related problems, and a significant association was declared if p-value < 0.05. Result: Of the 172 study participants, 106 (61.6%) were males, and the patient’s mean age was 39.1 ± 14.31 years. Over the study period, 123 (71.51%) patients had drug-related problems. Need for additional drug therapy was the widely occurred drug-related problem that accounts for 107 (22.77%), and the most common drug-associated with the drug therapy problem was ceftriaxone (77 (44.77%)). This inappropriate use of ceftriaxone might be due to the preference of physicians to prescribe this broad spectrum antibiotic in which it was prescribed for the majority of the infectious disease etiology. Polypharmacy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.505, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.863–11.131), length of hospital stay ⩾ 7 days (AOR = 4.396, 95% CI: 1.964–7.310), and presence of co-morbidity (AOR = 2.107, 95% CI: 1.185–4.158, p = 0.016) were determinants of drug-related problems. Conclusion: The magnitude of drug-related problems was found to be high. Hence, the clinical pharmacy service should be established to tackle inappropriate indications, ineffective drug therapy, and adverse drug events in the study area.
CXCR4 signaling controls dendritic cell location and activation at steady state and in inflammation
Authors: Gallego Carmen , Vétillard Mathias , Calmette Joseph , Roriz Mélanie , Marin-Esteban Viviana , Evrard Maximilien , Aknin Marie-Laure , Pionnier Nicolas , Lefrançois Manon , Mercier-Nomé Françoise , Bertrand Yves , Suarez Felipe , Donadieu Jean , Ng Lai Guan , Balabanian Karl , Bachelerie Françoise , Schlecht-Louf Géraldine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) encompass several cell subsets that collaborate to initiate and regulate immune responses. Proper DC localization determines their function and requires the tightly controlled action of chemokine receptors. All DC subsets express CXCR4, but the genuine contribution of this receptor to their biology has been overlooked. We addressed this question using natural CXCR4 mutants resistant to CXCL12-induced desensitization and harboring a gain of function that cause the warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome (WS), a rare immunodeficiency associated with high susceptibility to the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV). We report a reduction in the number of circulating plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in WHIM patients, whereas that of conventional DCs is preserved. This pattern was reproduced in an original mouse model of WS, enabling us to show that the circulating pDC defect can be corrected upon CXCR4 blockade and that pDC differentiation and function are preserved, despite CXCR4 dysfunction. We further identified proper CXCR4 signaling as a critical checkpoint for Langerhans cell and DC migration from the skin to lymph nodes, with corollary alterations of their activation state and tissue inflammation in a model of HPV-induced dysplasia. Beyond providing new hypotheses to explain the susceptibility of WHIM patients to HPV pathogenesis, this study shows that proper CXCR4 signaling establishes a migration threshold that controls DC egress from CXCL12-containing environments and highlights the critical and subset-specific contribution of CXCR4 signal termination to DC biology.