bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical fibre based real-time measurements during an LDR prostate brachytherapy implant simulation: using a 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom
Authors: Woulfe P. , Sullivan F. J. , Byrne L. , Doyle A. J. , Kam W. , Martyn M. , O’Keeffe S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn optical fibre sensor based on radioluminescence, using the scintillation material terbium doped gadolinium oxysulphide (Gd2O2S:Tb) is evaluated, using a 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom for applications in low dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy. The scintillation material is embedded in a 700 µm diameter cavity within a 1 mm plastic optical fibre that is fixed within a brachytherapy needle. The high spatial resolution dosimeter is used to measure the dose contribution from Iodine-125 (I-125) seeds. Initially, the effects of sterilisation on the sensors (1) repeatability, (2) response as a function of angle, and (3) response as a function of distance, are evaluated in a custom polymethyl methacrylate phantom. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that the output response of the sensor, pre- and post-sterilisation are within the acceptable measurement uncertainty ranging from a maximum standard deviation of 4.7% pre and 5.5% post respectively, indicating that the low temperature sterilisation process does not damage the sensor or reduce performance. Subsequently, an LDR brachytherapy plan reconstructed using the VariSeed treatment planning system, in an anthropomorphic 3D printed training phantom, was used to assess the suitability of the sensor for applications in LDR brachytherapy. This phantom was printed based on patient anatomy, with the volume and dimensions of the prostate designed to represent that of the patient. I-125 brachytherapy seeds, with an average activity of 0.410 mCi, were implanted into the prostate phantom under trans-rectal ultrasound guidance; following the same techniques as employed in clinical practice by an experienced radiation oncologist. This work has demonstrated that this sensor is capable of accurately identifying when radioactive I-125 sources are introduced into the prostate via a brachytherapy needle.
The intestinal microbiota contributes to the growth and physiological state of muscle tissue in piglets
Authors: Qi Renli , Sun Jing , Qiu Xiaoyu , Zhang Yong , Wang Jing , Wang Qi , Huang Jinxiu , Ge Liangpeng , Liu Zuohua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the importance of the intestinal microbiota in host growth and health is well known, the relationship between microbiota colonization and muscle development is unclear. In this study, the direct causal effects of the colonization of gut microorganisms on the muscle tissue of piglets were investigated. The body weight and lean mass of germ-free (GF) piglets were approximately 40% lower than those of normal piglets. The deletion of the intestinal microbiota led to weakened muscle function and a reduction in myogenic regulatory proteins, such as MyoG and MyoD, in GF piglets. In addition, the blinded IGF1/AKT/mTOR pathway in GF piglets caused muscle atrophy and autophagy, which were characterized by the high expression of Murf-1 and KLF15. Gut microbiota introduced to GF piglets via fecal microbiota transplantation not only colonized the gut but also partially restored muscle growth and development. Furthermore, the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers was lower in the muscle of GF piglets, which was caused by the reduced short-chain fatty acid content in the circulation and impaired mitochondrial function in muscle. Collectively, these findings suggest that the growth, development and function of skeletal muscle in animals are mediated by the intestinal microbiota.
Pin‐loaded planar wideband end‐fire circularly polarised antenna
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Li Hongjun , Ren Baoquan , Cao Wenquan , Huang Ronggang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA single‐layer planar end‐fire circularly polarised microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth is proposed by loading with a metal pin. The original antenna is designed with a shorted parallel‐plate cavity that serves as a magnetic dipole, and a double‐sided printed bowtie dipole acts as an electric dipole. Then a metal pin is loaded connecting two metal surfaces and impedance bandwidth is improved obviously. One prototype is fabricated for verification and measured 19% –10 dB impedance bandwidth and 36% 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are achieved.
The impact of lightning strike to multi‐blade on the lightning overvoltage and stresses of arresters in offshore wind farm
Authors: Zhang Jie , Han Yongxia , Li Licheng , Feng Shuaisong , Liao Zhiming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper establishes a complete lightning overvoltage simulation of an offshore wind farm, considering the electromagnetic effects including the blade, the tower and the power cable based on transmission‐line theory. And the influences of grounding schemes of the power cable inside the tower, different WTs struck by lightning, lightning current amplitude and the number of blades struck by lightning on lightning overvoltages of WT are all analysed. The results demonstrate that the grounding of both ends can effectively suppress the lightning overvoltages of WT. Second, the lightning overvoltages of WTs are related to their connection modes in case of lightning strike to different WTs, because of the differences of the equivalent impedance at the outlet of the WTs. Furthermore, the lightning overvoltages of WTs caused by lightning strike to double blades are larger than that caused by lightning strike to a single blade. In the case of the lightning current with an amplitude of 200 kA striking double blades, arresters should adopt multiple parallels connection to ensure the equipment would not be damaged. The distance between the tower and the power cable should be maintained approximately 0.25 m, to prevent the damage to power cable caused by flashover.
A receding horizon data‐driven chance‐constrained approach for energy flexibility trading in multi‐microgrid distribution network
Authors: Bagheri Zahra , Doostizadeh Meysam , Aminifar Farrokh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnexpected imbalances between supply and demand during real‐time operation in the wake of high penetration of renewable energy resources necessitate system operators to improve flexibility of the system. Moreover, increasing growth in flexible distributed resources installation in distribution networks with multiple MicroGrids (MGs) such as fuel‐based distributed generators, storage units, and controllable loads makes distribution system operators be able to manage energy imbalances locally through exploiting potentials of aforementioned resources in flexibility enhancement. This paper proposes a receding horizon data‐driven chance‐constrained energy flexibility trading framework for active distribution networks with multiple MGs. Specifically, a distance‐based confidence set is constructed in a data‐driven manner to apply net load uncertainty into this modelling. According to this proposed data‐driven approach, the energy flexibility is modelled using flexibility envelope notion to demonstrate its dynamics in different scenarios in an imminent horizon. Furthermore, MGs' flexibility trading problem is modelled as an exact potential game that possesses a pure strategy Nash Equilibrium (NE). An iterative decentralized algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers is developed to achieve the NE strategy of MGs. Numerical results are also represented to show the performance efficiency of the proposed energy flexibility trading framework.
Micro‐Doppler frequency estimation and association via the inverse‐free complex SBL TVAR method
Authors: Su Nan , Dai Fengzhou , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA micro‐Doppler frequency estimation and association algorithm of the space target based on the time‐varying autoregressive (TVAR) model is proposed herein. The calculation time of the existing algorithms grows significantly with the problem size, and micro‐Doppler frequencies of different scattering centres are associated incorrectly where the frequencies intersect. The echo of the space target is modelled by the TVAR model, then the TVAR coefficients and instantaneous frequencies are estimated through the fast sparse Bayes learning (SBL) algorithm, finally, the micro‐Doppler frequencies of different scattering centres are associated in the frequency–frequency change rate domain. The effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results.
A lighter core for Phobos?
Authors: Guo Xi , Yan Jianguo , Andert Tom , Yang Xuan , Pätzold Martin , Hahn Matthias , Ye Mao , Liu Shanhong , Li Fei , Barriot Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2021

Context.The origin of the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos is still poorly understood, and is the focus of intense debate.Aims.We demonstrate that a stratified internal structure of Phobos is compatible with the observed gravity coefficients.Methods.We fit previously derivedC20andC22Phobos gravity coefficients derived from the combined MEX Doppler-tracking data from the close flybys in +2010 and 2013 with respect to the corresponding coefficients of a core–mantle stratification model of Phobos, with two opposite cases: a core denser than the mantle, and a core lighter than the mantle.Results.Only the case with a core lighter than the mantle fits at the 3σlevel the previously reported observed second degree and order coefficientC20, but a homogeneous Phobos cannot be strictly ruled out at the 3σlevel.Conclusions.This possible loosening of the core density might be the result of a displacement of material toward the surface, may be caused by centrifugal forces acting on a loosely packed rubble-pile structure, and/or by a hot-then-cold in-orbit accretion process. These two hypotheses are by no means exhaustive.
Assessment of quality benchmarks in adenoma detection in Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Olivos Nancy E. , Balanzá Ricardo , Rojas-Mendoza Fernando , Soto-Solis Rodrigo , Ballesteros-Amozurrutia Mario A. , González-Uribe Norma , Fernández-Rivero Justo A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Several Latin American countries, including Mexico, have reported an increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality. The effectiveness of a colonoscopy in preventing CRC depends on the quality of the procedure, for which the adenoma detection rate (ADR) is one of the most trusted indicators. Awareness of ADR can improve the quality of colonoscopies through proper feedback and training of the specialists. The goal of this study was to estimate the ADR among Mexican endoscopists with experience in CRC screening and to compare it with previously reported data from this country.
Methods We carried out a retrospective study to analyze ADR data in Mexico. The information was obtained from a group of certified endoscopists and compared with the former published data from Mexico.
Results We found a current ADR of 24.6 % (95 %CI, 22.4 %–26.8 %) from 1,478 colonoscopies performed by eight endoscopists in two third-level private hospitals. The average ADR reported in previous publications was 15.2 % (95 %CI, 13.3 %–17.1 %). Statistical analysis showed differences between our results and those from previous studies (24.6 % vs. 15.2 %, P < 0.001).
Conclusions The actual ADR in Mexico is higher than previously reported. Previous low ADR values could be explained by poorly performed colonoscopies rather than by low adenoma and CRC incidence in our country.
Development of a gel dedicated to gel immersion endoscopy
Authors: Yano Tomonori , Ohata Atsushi , Hiraki Yuji , Tanaka Makoto , Shinozaki Satoshi , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds and study aims Gel immersion endoscopy is a novel technique to secure the visual field during endoscopy. The aim of this study was to develop a dedicated gel for this technique.
Methods To identify appropriate viscoelasticity and electrical conductivity, various gels were examined. Based on these results, the dedicated gel “OPF-203” was developed. Efficacy and safety of OPF-203 were evaluated in a porcine model.
Results
In vitro experiments showed that a viscosity of 230 to 1900 mPa·s, loss tangent (tanδ) ≤ 0.6, and hardness of 240 to 540 N/cm2 were suitable. Ex vivo experiments showed electrical conductivity ≤ 220 μS/cm is appropriate. In vivo experiments using gastrointestinal bleeding showed that OPF-203 provided clear visualization compared to water. After electrocoagulation of gastric mucosa in OPF-203, severe coagulative necrosis was not observed in the muscularis but limited to the mucosa.
Conclusions OPF-203 is useful for gel immersion endoscopy.
Do endosonographers agree on the presence of bile duct sludge and the subsequent need for intervention?
Authors: Quispel Rutger , Schutz Hannah M. , Hallensleben Nora D. , Bhalla Abha , Timmer Robin , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Venneman Niels G. , Erler Nicole S. , Veldt Bart J. , van Driel Lydi M.J.W. , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a tool widely used to diagnose bile duct lithiasis. In approximately one out of five patients with positive findings at EUS, sludge is detected in the bile duct instead of stones. The objective of this study was to establish the agreement among endosonographers regarding: 1. presence of common bile duct (CBD) stones, microlithiasis and sludge; and 2. the need for subsequent treatment.
Patients and methods 30 EUS videos of patients with an intermediate probability of CBD stones were evaluated by 41 endosonographers. Experience in EUS and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and the endosonographers’ type of practices were recorded. Fleiss’ kappa statistics were used to quantify the agreement. Associations between levels of experience and both EUS ratings and treatment decisions were investigated using mixed effects models.
Results A total of 1230 ratings and treatment decisions were evaluated. The overall agreement on EUS findings was fair (Fleiss’ κ 0.32). The agreement on presence of stones was moderate (κ 0.46). For microlithiasis it was fair (κ 0.25) and for sludge it was slight (κ 0.16). In cases with CBD stones there was an almost perfect agreement for the decision to subsequently perform an ERC + ES. In case of presumed microlithiasis or sludge an ERC was opted for in 78 % and 51 % of cases, respectively. Differences in experience and types of practice appear unrelated to the agreement on both EUS findings and the decision for subsequent treatment.
Conclusions There is only slight agreement among endosonographers regarding the presence of bile duct sludge. Regarding the need for subsequent treatment of bile duct sludge there is no consensus.
Resistance against Erosive Challenge of Dental Enamel Treated with 1,450-PPM Fluoride Toothpastes Containing Different Biomimetic Compounds
Authors: Fernandes Nayanna L. S. , Juliellen L. da Cunha , Andressa F. B. de Oliveira , D’Alpino H. P. Paulo , Sampaio C. Fábio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives This in vitro study aimed to characterize the superficial and subsurface morphology of dental enamel treated with fluoridated gels containing different biomimetic compounds after erosive challenge.
Materials and Methods Bovine incisor teeth were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 6 mm; n = 5) that were demineralized to create an artificial caries lesion and treated by pH cycling interspersed with exposure to fluoridated toothpaste slurries under agitation. During pH cycling (demineralization and remineralization for 2 and 22 hours, respectively) for 6 days, the enamel blocks were exposed to toothpaste slurries under agitation with one of the dental gels: Regenerate Enamel Science (NR-5 technology), Daily Regenerator Dental Clean (REFIX technology), and Sensodyne Repair & Protect (Novamin technology). The enamel blocks were subjected to an erosive challenge, immersed in 50% citric acid for 2 minutes, and then washed with plenty of distilled water. The surface and cross-sectional micromorphology were assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The elemental analyses (weight percentage) were determined with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Results Enamel treated with the product containing REFIX technology presented a smoother surface morphology compared to the other treatments. The higher resistance to the erosive challenge can be attributed to a silicon-enriched mineral layer formed on the enamel induced by the REFIX-based toothpaste. This was not observed in the specimens treated with the other technology-containing toothpastes.
Conclusion The REFIX technology seemed to be the most promising compared to the Novamin and NR-5 technologies. In addition to forming a surface mineralized layer, the enamel treated with REFIX technology associated with the pH cycling resisted a subsequent erosive challenge.
Does Accountability Undermine Service Delivery? The Impact of Devolving Agriculture in Ghana
Authors: Resnick Danielle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many developing countries have devolved services to locally elected governments. Although this may strengthen downwards accountability to citizens, does devolution improve service provision? Ghana began devolving agriculture in 2012 to its Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs). Drawing on an original survey with 80 District Directors of Agriculture and 960 households, as well as district-level budget data and interviews with national and local government stakeholders, this paper shows that agricultural expenditures and services have been negatively affected by the transition. The imperative of electoral accountability encourages assembly members to de-prioritize agriculture in the budget process in favor of more visible goods and services. Budget allocations, however, do reflect the preferences of local citizens, a majority of whom value using elections to sanction their district politicians. The findings indicate that devolution may increase accountability but result in sectoral trade-offs in service provision, which may undermine national policy objectives.
Vincetoxicum nigrum (black swallowwort).
Authors: Gassmann André 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

V. nigrum is a herbaceous climbing vine native to south-western Europe (Italy, France, Portugal and Spain). It has spread extensively throughout New England, the lower Hudson River basin and south-eastern Pennsylvania, USA. V. nigrum produces a large number of wind-borne, self-fertile seeds which readily disperse to new sites. Small patches of V. nigrum can coalesce to form large, monospecific stands that outcompete with native vegetation and alter habitats. In Vermont and New Hampshire, USA, the endemic and endangered species, Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii, is under pressure by an expanding population of V. nigrum. In addition to this V. nigrum may have negative impact on the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.
Physical and mechanical properties of insulation from rubber leave
Authors: Anantanukulwong R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research aims to study the insulation sheet of rubber leaves. By testing physical properties and mechanical property at the ratio of rubber leave : rubber latex were 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 and 80:20. Use rubber latex as a binder to allow the material to be bonded. The insulating sheets produced are smooth 16×16×2 cm3. From the results showed that the moisture content of the sample were 6.722 - 14.747%. The tensile strength were 0.0002 – 0.0288 MPa. The fire spread rate were run of 0 - 6.640 mm/min and the ratio of 70:30 and 80:20 were no fire spread rate. Then finally, the heat conductivity coefficient were 0.0283 - 0.0442 W/m·K. Moreover, samples of ratio 80:20 have a better conductivity coefficient than commercial insulation and confirmed with the SEM-EDX analysis.
Development and Validation of QT Interval Measurement Algorithm Using Lab windows/CVI
Authors: Ramya B , Chaithanya D J , Aisiri A P , Anitha S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the last few years, a lot of study and research on the analysis of Electrocardiogram(ECG) has provided an intensive approach for the diagnosis of various heart diseases which is a leading cause of death worldwide. By examining the ECG waveform it is possible to obtain a number of useful measurements. The most important of these is the “QT interval” measurement because an abnormal QT interval can be allied with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The QT interval is obtained by the detection of onset of the QRS complex and offset of the T wave. This work includes an endeavor for the efficient measurement of QT interval which mainly comprises of five stages like finding R peak using Pan Tompkins algorithm, detection of QRS onset, detection of T wave offset, measurement of QT interval and QT interval correction. The measurement of QT interval is implemented using LabWindows/CVI (C for Virtual Instrumentation). The performance evaluation of R peak detection is tested as per AAMI/ANSI/IEC 60601-2-47 standards using the databases that are available in Physionet like QT Database and MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The performance evaluation of QT interval measurement is tested using a MindrayuMEC 10 Multiparametric monitoring unit and the algorithm achieved an accuracy of 96.73% for QT interval measurement.
Computer Vision based Early Electrical Fire-detection in Video Surveillance oriented for Building environment
Authors: Sridhar P , Sathiya R R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work presents autonomous electrical fire-detection and localization using computer vision based techniques. The proposed work uses YOLO v2 to extract the electrical fire features more effectively than other conventional and machine learning approaches. This working model is tested on commercial and residential building as well as indoor and outdoor environments. This framework has achieved high detection accuracy and low false alarm rate. Besides, the proposed frame work can be used for early real-time electrical fire detection in surveillance videos and we present experimental results for electrical fire localization in CCTV footage using the deep learning architecture proposed in this work.
Multiview 3D detection system for automotive driving
Authors: Suresh Kumar S , Sathish Kumar T , Saravana Kumar M , Subramanian G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For the past few years, there has been an increase in road accidents all over the world. The most common crucial reason is drowsiness. The presented work deals with this problem to reduce the number of accidents while keeping the methodologies simple and intact with the usage of computer vision applications like blink rate, eye closure, yawning. Detection of the driver’s drowsiness is done by a single-camera attached behind the steering wheel and to identify yawning and for alerting the driver, a buzzer is triggered when the eyes are closed and also when the count of yawning is greater than the specific rate. The system will also work even the driver is wearing glasses and it can be implemented with the comfort of a pocket phone.
Improved Cost Effective IoT Based Coal Mining Safety System
Authors: Jayarajan P , Gayathri K V , Gowshikha S , Harini N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years there are lot of life risk occurs to skilled labors in coal mines which requires an advancement in coal mining safety system. In order to improve this current scenario, An IOT based coal mining safety system is proposed. Proposed system is implemented using IOT module to monitor and control various parameters in the coal mines such as leakage of gas, earthquake, water level and Fire ignition detection in the coal mine. All these sensors are intergrated with microcontroller and placed in different parts of coal mines. In case of any uncertainties then buzzer will alert, then the notification is sent to the serial monitor and to the authorized person. This system enhances the safety and improved working conditions of labours in coal mining system.