bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling Prenatal Care Pathways at a Central Hospital in Zimbabwe
Authors: David Rodreck , Evans Ruth , Fraser Hamish SF 
Published: December 2021

Background: Maternal mortality remains a problem in low-income countries (LICs). In Zimbabwe, there has been an unprecedented increase in maternal mortality in the last 2.5 decades. Effective prenatal care delivery, particularly early visits, appropriate number of visits, and receiving recommended care is viewed as key to reducing fatal care outcomes. Aims: This study sought to model and identify gaps requiring service and care delivery improvement in prenatal care pathways for pregnant women visiting Mpilo Central Hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Methods: This was a case study of the services offered by an antenatal care department at Mpilo Central Hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Evidence from literature in low-income countries was used to develop prenatal care pathway guidelines as a tool to guide care delivery and identify gaps in care and service delivery. One hundred cases of prenatal care records were reviewed to determine the prenatal care pathway and care delivered to pregnant women. This data was complemented by interviews with 20 maternity care clinicians. Results: In 100 maternity case records studied, 53% booked for prenatal care. Of the 53% (n = 53) pregnant women who booked, their first visit on their pregnancy was late at an average gestational age of 27.1 weeks with extremes of 30 to 40 weeks in 38% (n = 20) cases. Missing scheduled prenatal care appointments was prevalent, with only 11% (n = 6) having attended all the expected 5 visits, whilst 60% (n = 32) missed 3 or more. There were inadequacies in the care delivered to women in each visit compared to that expected in such areas as obstetrics, physical examinations and haematological tests. Maternity care clinicians attributed the cost of prenatal booking fees in the background of poverty and poor family support systems as key factors hindering women’s access to prenatal services. Conclusions: The current prenatal care pathway at MCH requires improvement in the areas of referral, adherence to appointment by pregnant women and visiting prenatal care early. Clinicians also need to adhere to standard clinical tests recommended for each specific pregnant woman’s visit. In the Zimbabwean setting with limited resources, where the number of visits is already low, pathways with reduced visits may not be appropriate. An investment into prenatal care by the government is recommended to enable the utilisation of interventions such as e-health technologies that may improve care delivery as well as adherence to best practices. E-health and mobile health technologies involving e-referrals, e-booking, decision support, and reminder systems are recommended for clinicians to manage and deliver appropriate care to patients as well as pregnant women to adhere to scheduled visits.
Hypothyroidism Is Associated With Longer Hospital Stay Following Implantation Of Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Isa Sakiru O , Buhari Olajide , Adeniran-Isa Muminat , Baral Nischit , Adhikari Govinda , AbdulAzeem Basel , Savarapu Pramod , Adekolujo Oyebimpe , Hassan Mustafa , Adeboye Adedayo 
Published: December 2021

Background: There has been a steady and consistent rise in the use of left ventricular assist devices in the management of patients with advanced heart failure. Hypothyroidism also remains one of the most common endocrine conditions with a significant impact on the development and overall outcomes of heart failure. The authors analyzed the National Inpatient Sample to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on the in-hospital outcomes of patients with end-stage heart failure following the placement of left ventricular assist device. Methods: The national inpatient sample was queried to identify all adult patients who had LVAD placement from 2004 to 2014. They were subsequently divided into those with hypothyroidism and those without hypothyroidism. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Other outcomes were acute kidney injury, length, and cost of hospitalization. Logistic regression models were created to determine the outcomes of interest. Results: Of 2643 patients in the study, 5.4% had hypothyroidism, and 94.6% did not. The hypothyroid patients were significantly older compared to the non-hypothyroid patients (mean age 58.6 years vs 49.95 years, P-value <.0001). Both groups had similar gender composition. In-hospital mortality was similar across both groups. However, there was a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the hypothyroid group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR 1.83, P-value <.001]). Hypothyroid patients had longer hospital stays (adjusted mean difference [aMD] 5.19, P-value .0001). Hospital charges were also higher in the hypothyroid group. Conclusion: This study found that LVAD is associated with longer hospital stay in hypothyroid patients with heart failure.
Differences of Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among Metabolic Syndrome Clusters
Authors: Booker Robert , Jones Raymond , Galloway Riley , Holmes Megan E. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are risk indicators for cardiometabolic diseases. Novel methods for researching MetS by the 16 unique clusters (i.e., WC+FBG+BP) and as a continuous severity z-score (MetS-Z) have emerged. This study examined how SB, PA, and MetS-Z differed among MetS clusters and SB and PA differences by MetS-Z tertiles. Methods: Using 2015-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data, participants with MetS (N = 792) were identified. Subsequently, sex-, race-, and ethnicity-specific MetS-Z were calculated. SB and PA differences were compared between MetS clusters and MetS-Z tertiles. Additionally, MetS-Z was compared between MetS clusters. Results: The WC+FBG+BP MetS cluster was prevalent among 23.80% of participants (95% CIs, 18.41-30.18) and the overall mean MetS-Z was 1.16 (1.08-1.24). Participants reported over 6 daily hours of SB (393.41 minutes⋅day-1 [370.07-416.75]). The TRI+FBG+BP+HDL MetS cluster had less SB than the WC+TRI+FBG+HDL, WC+TRI+HDL, and WC+FBG+BP MetS clusters. PA did not differ between MetS clusters and no differences in SB or PA between MetS-Z tertiles. Conclusions: Limited differences in SB and PA were observed. Participants with 4 or more MetS criteria had worse MetS-Z. Efforts should support replacing SB with PA to improve cardiometabolic health.
Incorporating Prior Information in Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Multivariable Artificial Pancreas Systems
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Rashid Mudassir , Hobbs Nicole , Brandt Rachel , Askari Mohammad Reza , Cinar Ali 
Published: December 2021

Background: Adaptive model predictive control (MPC) algorithms that recursively update the glucose prediction model are shown to be promising in the development of fully automated multivariable artificial pancreas systems. However, the recursively updated glycemic prediction models do not explicitly consider prior knowledge in the identification of the model parameters. Prior information of the glycemic effects of meals and physical activity can improve model accuracy and yield better glycemic control algorithms. Methods: A glucose prediction model based on regularized partial least squares (rPLS) method where the prior information is encoded as the regularization term is developed to provide accurate predictions of the future glucose concentrations. An adaptive MPC is developed that incorporates dynamic trajectories for the glucose setpoint and insulin dosing constraints based on the estimated plasma insulin concentration (PIC). The proposed adaptive MPC algorithm is robust to disturbances caused by unannounced meals and physical activities even in cases with missing glucose measurements. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive MPC based on rPLS is investigated with in silico subjects of the multivariable glucose-insulin-physiological variables simulator (mGIPsim). Results: The efficacy of the proposed adaptive MPC strategy in regulating the blood glucose concentration (BGC) of people with T1DM is assessed using the average percent time in range (TIR) for glucose, defined as 70 to 180 mg/dL inclusive, and the average percent time in hypoglycemia (<70 and >54 mg/dL) and level 2 hypoglycemia (≤54 mg/dL). The TIR for a cohort of 20 virtual subjects of mGIPsim is 81.9% ± 7.4% (with no hypoglycemia or severe hypoglycemia) for the proposed MPC compared with 73.9% ± 7.6% (0.2% ± 0.1% in hypoglycemia and 0.1% ± 0.1% in level 2 hypoglycemia) for an MPC based on a recursive autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model. Conclusions: The adaptive MPC algorithm that incorporates prior knowledge in the recursive updating of the glucose prediction model can contribute to the development of fully automated artificial pancreas systems that can mitigate meal and physical activity disturbances.
Mobile App Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Shrivastava Tarani Prakash , Goswami Shikha , Gupta Rahul , Goyal Ramesh K. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is often suboptimal resulting in complications. There has been a growing interest in using mobile apps for improving medication adherence. Objective: The objective of this work was to systematically review the clinical trials that have used mobile app–based interventions in T2DM patients for improving medication adherence. Methodology: A systematic search was performed to identify published clinical trials between January 2008 and December 2020 in databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using quality rating tool from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Seven clinical studies having 649 participants were studied. The median sample size was 58 (range = 41-247) and the median age of participants was 53.2 (range = 48-69.4) years. All studies showed improvements in adherence; however, only three studies reported statically significant improvements in adherence measures. Selected studies were deemed as unclear in their risk of bias and the most common source of risk of bias among the studies was the absence of objective outcome assessment. Conclusions: Mobile apps appear to be effective interventions to help improve medication adherence in T2DM patients compared with conventional care strategies. The features of the App to improvise medical adherence cannot be defined based on the meta-analysis because of heterogeneity of study designs and less number of sample size. Systematically planned studies would set up applicability of mobile apps in the clinical management of T2DM.
Single-cell multiomics reveals increased plasticity, resistant populations, and stem-cell–like blasts in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Chen Changya , Yu Wenbao , Alikarami Fatemeh , Qiu Qi , Chen Chia-hui , Flournoy Jennifer , Gao Peng , Uzun Yasin , Fang Li , Davenport James W. , Hu Yuxuan , Zhu Qin , Wang Kai , Libbrecht Clara , Felmeister Alex , Rozich Isaiah , Ding Yang-yang , Hunger Stephen P. , Felix Carolyn A. , Wu Hao , Brown Patrick A. , Guest Erin M. , Barrett David M. , Bernt Kathrin M. , Tan Kai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a devastating malignancy with a dismal outcome, and younger age at diagnosis is associated with increased risk of relapse. To discover age-specific differences and critical drivers that mediate poor outcome in KMT2A-r ALL, we subjected KMT2A-r leukemias and normal hematopoietic cells from patients of different ages to single-cell multiomics analyses. We uncovered the following critical new insights: leukemia cells from patients &lt;6 months have significantly increased lineage plasticity. Steroid response pathways are downregulated in the most immature blasts from younger patients. We identify a hematopoietic stem and progenitor-like (HSPC-like) population in the blood of younger patients that contains leukemic blasts and form an immunosuppressive signaling circuit with cytotoxic lymphocytes. These observations offer a compelling explanation for the ability of leukemias in young patients to evade chemotherapy and immune-mediated control. Our analysis also revealed preexisting lymphomyeloid primed progenitors and myeloid blasts at initial diagnosis of B-ALL. Tracking of leukemic clones in 2 patients whose leukemia underwent a lineage switch documented the evolution of such clones into frank acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These findings provide critical insights into KMT2A-r ALL and have clinical implications for molecularly targeted and immunotherapy approaches. Beyond infant ALL, our study demonstrates the power of single-cell multiomics to detect tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting rare but critical subpopulations within a malignant population that ultimately determines patient outcome.
Delamination Testing of AlSi10Mg Sandwich Structures with Pyramidal Lattice Truss Core made by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Nuño M. , Bühring J. , Rao M. N. , Schröder K. -U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSandwich structures possess a high bending stiffness compared to monolithic structures with a similar weight. This makes them very suitable for lightweight applications, where high stiffness to weight ratios are needed. Most common manufacturing methods of sandwich structures involve adhesive bonding of the core material with the sheets. However, adhesive bonding is prone to delamination, a failure mode that is often difficult to detect. This paper presents the results of delamination testing of fully additive manufactured (AM) AlSi10Mg sandwich structures with pyramidal lattice truss core using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The faces and struts are 0.5 mm thick, while the core is 2 mm thick. The inclination of the struts is 45°. To characterise the bonding strength, climbing drum peel tests and out-of-plane tensile tests are performed. Analytical formulas are derived to predict the expected failure loads and modes. The analytics and tests are supported by finite element (FE) calculations. From the analytic approach, design guidelines to avoid delamination in AM sandwich structures are derived. The study presents a critical face sheet thickness to strut diameter ratio for which the structure can delaminate. This ratio is mainly influenced by the inclination of the struts. The peel tests resulted in face yielding, which can also be inferred from the analytics and numerics. The out-of-plane tensile tests didn’t damage the structure.
Fault Diagnosis Based on BP Neural Network Optimized by Beetle Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Maohua , Zhang Wei , Wen Kai , Zhu Yue , Yiliyasi Yilidaer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the process of Wavelet Analysis, only the low-frequency signals are re-decomposed, and the high-frequency signals are no longer decomposed, resulting in a decrease in frequency resolution with increasing frequency. Therefore, in this paper, firstly, Wavelet Packet Decomposition is used for feature extraction of vibration signals, which makes up for the shortcomings of Wavelet Analysis in extracting fault features of nonlinear vibration signals, and different energy values in different frequency bands are obtained by Wavelet Packet Decomposition. The features are visualized by the K-Means clustering method, and the results show that the extracted energy features can accurately distinguish the different states of the bearing. Then a fault diagnosis model based on BP Neural Network optimized by Beetle Algorithm is proposed to identify the bearing faults. Compared with the Particle Swarm Algorithm, Beetle Algorithm can quickly find the error extreme value, which greatly reduces the training time of the model. At last, two experiments are conducted, which show that the accuracy of the model can reach more than 95%, and the model has a certain anti-interference ability.
Measurement and Characterisation of a Diffuse Acoustic Field Using a Phased Array
Authors: Cheng Jingwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA diffuse acoustic field has been increasingly used to infer temporal changes in the structures, such as early dislocations and microcracking. This study explores three different techniques to characterise acoustic field by using a single ultrasonic phased array. The first two techniques are proposed to measure spatial uniformity of wave field by examining differences in the integral of energy and the maximum energy respectively at multiple inspection locations. The third one is developed to evaluate the degree of phase coherence between propagating waves transmitted sequentially by two neighbouring array elements. The efficacy of these techniques are investigated by examining their metrics on simulations and well-known samples. The results suggest that two selected metrics can be used to quantitatively estimate the diffuse field start time as well as the field size by comparing their value with the idealised diffuse state (15% for the energy integral metric,ηareaand 1 for the phase coherence metric,ηphase) and identifying the convergence start point.
Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles for Improved Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications: A Review
Authors: Sibuyi Nicole Remaliah Samantha , Moabelo Koena Leah , Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Meyer Samantha , Onani Martin Opiyo , Madiehe Abram Madimabe , Meyer Mervin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe medical properties of metals have been explored for centuries in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections and diseases and still practiced to date. Platinum-based drugs are the first class of metal-based drugs to be clinically used as anticancer agents following the approval of cisplatin by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over 40 years ago. Since then, more metals with health benefits have been approved for clinical trials. Interestingly, when these metals are reduced to metallic nanoparticles, they displayed unique and novel properties that were superior to their bulk counterparts. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are among the FDA-approved metallic nanoparticles and have shown great promise in a variety of roles in medicine. They were used as drug delivery, photothermal (PT), contrast, therapeutic, radiosensitizing, and gene transfection agents. Their biomedical applications are reviewed herein, covering their potential use in disease diagnosis and therapy. Some of the AuNP-based systems that are approved for clinical trials are also discussed, as well as the potential health threats of AuNPs and some strategies that can be used to improve their biocompatibility. The reviewed studies offer proof of principle that AuNP-based systems could potentially be used alone or in combination with the conventional systems to improve their efficacy.
Genetic architecture of protein expression and its regulation in the mouse brain
Authors: Erickson Alyssa , Zhou Suiping , Luo Jie , Li Ling , Huang Xin , Even Zachary , Huang He , Xu Hai-Ming , Peng Junmin , Lu Lu , Wang Xusheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Natural variation in protein expression is common in all organisms and contributes to phenotypic differences among individuals. While variation in gene expression at the transcript level has been extensively investigated, the genetic mechanisms underlying variation in protein expression have lagged considerably behind. Here we investigate genetic architecture of protein expression by profiling a deep mouse brain proteome of two inbred strains, C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J (D2), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS) technology.

Results
By comparing protein expression levels in the four mouse strains, we observed 329 statistically significant differentially expressed proteins between the two parental strains and characterized the genetic basis of protein expression. We further applied a proteogenomic approach to detect variant peptides and define protein allele-specific expression (pASE), identifying 33 variant peptides with cis-effects and 17 variant peptides showing trans-effects. Comparison of regulation at transcript and protein levels show a significant divergence.

Conclusions
The results provide a comprehensive analysis of genetic architecture of protein expression and the contribution of cis- and trans-acting regulatory differences to protein expression.
Epigenetic modifications potentially controlling the allelic expression of imprinted genes in sunflower endosperm
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Yu Shuai , Li Jing , Zhu Yanbin , Jiang Siqi , Xia Haoran , Zhou Yue , Sun Daqiu , Liu Meiling , Li Cong , Zhu Yanshu , Ruan Yanye , Dong Xiaomei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon mainly occurs in endosperm of flowering plants. Genome-wide identification of imprinted genes have been completed in several dicot Cruciferous plant and monocot crops.

Results
Here, we analyzed global patterns of allelic gene expression in developing endosperm of sunflower which belongs to the composite family. Totally, 691 imprinted loci candidates were identified in 12 day-after-pollination sunflower endosperm including 79 maternally expressed genes (MEG) and 596 paternally expressed genes (PEG), 6 maternally expressed noncoding RNAs (MNC) and 10 paternally expressed noncoding RNAs (PNC). And a clear clustering of imprinted genes throughout the rapeseed genome was identified. Generally, imprinting in sunflower is conserved within a species, but intraspecific variation also was detected. Limited loci in sunflower are imprinted in other several different species. The DNA methylation pattern around imprinted genes were investigated in embryo and endosperm tissues. In CG context, the imprinted genes were significantly associated with differential methylated regions exhibiting hypomethylation in endosperm and hypermethylation in embryo, which indicated that the maternal demethylation in CG context potentially induce the genomic imprinting in endosperm.

Conclusion
Our study would be helpful for understanding of genomic imprinting in plants and provide potential basis for further research in imprinting in sunflower.