bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of MEG: A first MEG‐feasible fluxgate magnetometer
Authors: Koshev Nikolay , Butorina Anna , Skidchenko Ekaterina , Kuzmichev Alexey , Ossadtchi Alexei , Ostras Maxim , Fedorov Maxim , Vetoshko Petr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the current article, we present the first solid‐state sensor feasible for magnetoencephalography (MEG) that works at room temperature. The sensor is a fluxgate magnetometer based on yttrium‐iron garnet films (YIGM). In this feasibility study, we prove the concept of usage of the YIGM in terms of MEG by registering a simple brain induced field—the human alpha rhythm. All the experiments and results are validated with usage of another kind of high‐sensitive magnetometers—optically pumped magnetometer, which currently appears to be well‐established in terms of MEG.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a double pipe heat exchanger with a twisted inner pipe
Authors: Ali Mahmud H. , Jalal Rawand E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present work, an experimental investigation is conducted to address the influence of inner pipe twisting on the overall performance of a double pipe heat exchanger. With the fluid to fluid heat exchange, both parallel and counter flow directions are examined as well. In addition to the original elliptical pipe, three pipes with different numbers of twisting (3, 5, and 7 twists per unit length) constructed from the elliptical pipe are considered where the heat transfer rate and pressure drop are addressed. All tests are carried out in the turbulent flow regime where the Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 5000 to 26,000 and water is used as the working medium. The obtained outcomes show that for both flow directions, there is an enhancement in the heat exchanger overall performance with all considered twisting pipes. The maximum enhancement in the Nusselt number is found to be 1.8 for the parallel flow and around 2.2 for the counter flow compared with the original pipe. The inner pipe with 7 twists, however, improves the overall performance the most, where a maximum performance enhancement factor of 1.63 and 1.9 are observed at Reynolds number of 26,000 in the parallel and counter flow configurations, respectively.
Use of the SAND balloon catheter for safe and easy laparoscopic removal of adrenal cysts
Authors: Ito Jun , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Kusumoto Hiroki , Kohada Yuki , Mikami Jotaro , Sato Makoto 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionSurgical resection should be considered for giant adrenal cysts if they are functional, if malignancy cannot be ruled out, or if there is a risk of bleeding. However, preventing cyst damage, including fluid leak, and ensuring a good field of view could be challenging in laparoscopic surgery. We report on our successful use of the SAND balloon catheter in laparoscopic adrenalectomy.Case presentationThe patient was a 40‐year‐old man with a right adrenal cyst that exhibited growth tendency. We performed laparoscopic adrenalectomy using a SAND balloon catheter through a preexisting port. Use of the catheter allowed for not only aspiration of the cyst fluid without leakage into the operative field but also gentle grasping of the cyst wall, which enabled us to easily remove the adrenal gland, including the cyst.ConclusionUse of the SAND balloon catheter facilitates safe and easy laparoscopic resection of giant adrenal cysts.
High spatio‐temporal resolution measurement of A1R and A2AR interactions combined with Iem‐spFRET and E‐FRET methods
Authors: Lin Yating , Wang Haoyu , Xu Jianshu , Huang Yiming , Gong Wei , Wang Qiwen , Huang Zufang , Xie Shusen , Lin Juqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA1R‐A2AR heterodimers regulate striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, few researches about kinetics have been reported. Here, we combined Iem‐spFRET and E‐FRET to investigate the kinetics of A1R and A2AR interaction. Iem‐spFRET obtains the energy transfer efficiency of the whole cell. E‐FRET gets energy transfer efficiency with high spatial resolution, whereas, it was prone to biases because background was easily selected due to manual operation. To study the interaction with high spatio‐temporal resolution, Iem‐spFRET was used to correct the deviation of E‐FRET. In this paper, A1R and A2AR interaction was monitored, and the changes of FRET efficiency of the whole or/and partial cell membrane were described. The results showed that activation of A1R or A2AR leads to rapid aggregation, inhibition of A1R or A2AR leads to slow segregation, and the interaction is reversible. These results demonstrated that combination of Iem‐spFRET and E‐FRET could measure A1R and A2AR interaction with high spatio‐temporal resolution.
Immunological characteristics and effect of cyclosporin in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Ting , He Xin , Ran Ningyuan , Liu Chunyan , Xing Limin , Wang Huaquan , Fu Rong , Shao Zonghong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is well‐known as an antibody‐mediated autoimmune disease, and it is easy to get response but often turns to relapse or refractory. Cyclosporin is a traditional immunosuppressant and had a good effect on ITP patients. In this paper, we retrospectively analyze the immunological characteristics and therapeutic effect of cyclosporin in 220 patients with ITP.MethodsAll newly diagnosed ITP patients in the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from June 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the expression of autoantibodies and the occurrence of prodromal infection. The basic data and immune indexes of ITP patients in each group were collected. The clinical immunological characteristics of patients in each group and the therapeutic effect of cyclosporin in each group were analyzed.ResultsMulti‐autoantibody ITP patients were more likely to have low serum albumin and high gamma globulin, and the ratio of albumin to globulin decreased. In addition, the level of IgA and IgG increased and the level of complement C3 and C4 decreased more frequently than those in other groups. The number of CD3+T lymphocytes, especially CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes, decreased in ANA+ITP patients. The number of CD16+CD56+NK cells, pDC/DC ratio, and pDC/mDC ratio were higher than those in other groups. The expression of IL‐6 and the proportion of CD19+B lymphocytes increased in two groups of ITP patients with abnormal autoantibodies. The patients of pro‐infected group were more likely to suffer from coagulation disorder. After treatment with cyclosporin, the response rate increased and the 3‐month relapse rate decreased in all ITP patients, and the therapeutic effect of patients with high megakaryocyte number was significantly higher than that of patients with low megakaryocyte number. The impact factors that influence the effect of glucocorticoid and(or) IVIG were the number of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and the number of CD19+B lymphocytes. The independent impact factor of cyclosporin therapeutic response rate was the number of CD3+T lymphocytes.ConclusionsITP is a heterogeneous disease, recurrence may occur during or rapidly after treatment.

Cyclosporine included treatment can improve the effective rate of ITP and

reduce the relapse rate within 3 months. The number of CD3+T lymphocytes was

the only impact factor that influence the therapeutic effect of

cyclosporin in ITP patients.
Morphology of the respiratory vasculature of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)
Authors: Kurita Mariko , Noma Shohei , Ishimatsu Atsushi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gross morphology of the circulatory system in the amphibious mudskipper, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, conforms with the typical teleost configuration, in which gills and systemic vascular beds are connected in series. However, at the microscopic level, the vasculatures of the respiratory organs, the inner epithelium of the bucco‐opercular cavity, gills and skin, all show specializations for aerial gas exchange. The epithelium of the bucco‐opercular cavity is heavily vascularized by respiratory capillaries that are derived from systemic arteries of the head, mainly branches of the hyomandibular artery and the dorsal opercular artery. The respiratory circuit of the secondary lamellae of the gills consists of 15–17 channels running in parallel, unlike the lacuna‐like blood space of aquatic fishes. The most notable specialization is found in the microcirculation of the respiratory papillae in the skin. Each respiratory papilla is supplied by an arteriole that is derived from a systemic artery, mainly the cranial artery in the head and the segmental artery in the trunk. The arteriole divides several times along its course to the apical region of a papilla, where the branches split into approximately 65 capillaries that radiate to the periphery of the papilla. The capillaries twist 5–10 times before they unite to form the venules that encircle maximally half the circumference of a papilla. A variable number of venules merge into a vein, which progressively coalesces with veins from other papillae. There is no morphological specialization that separates oxygen‐rich effluent blood of the epithelia of the bucco‐opercular cavity and the respiratory papillae of the skin from the oxygen‐poor systemic venous blood. The ecophysiological implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the environmental conditions that B. pectinirostris experience during tidal cycles in the warm months and during overwintering.
Molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction of Chikusetsu saponin IVa from Panacis majoris Rhizoma
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Sun Xuan , Hu Qiao , Yan Hao , Li Jin , Zhao Chongbo , Zuo Zhenyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the main active component of Panacis majoris Rhizoma, Chikusetsu saponin IVa has the activity of anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammatory pain, and so on. Obtaining high purity Chikusetsu saponin IVa by simple purification steps is a prerequisite for its deep development. In this paper, the separation and purification of Chikusetsu saponin IVa were studied by molecular imprinting technique. By ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry and computer molecular simulation, it was concluded that water‐soluble 3‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐1‐vinylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid was the best functional monomer compared with acrylic acid and acrylamide. The molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by precipitation polymerization at 60℃ with Chikusetsu saponin IVa as template molecule, 3‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐1‐vinylimidazolium bromide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross‐linker, 2, 2’‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, and ethanol as porogen. The properties of molecularly imprinted polymers were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity was 171.33 mg/g, and the imprinting factor was 2.6. Finally, the polymers can be successfully used in the purification of Chikusetsu saponin IVa from Panacis majoris Rhizoma through a simple procedure, the content was significantly increased. The recoveries of the spiked samples for the CS‐IVa ranged from 94.05 to 99.95% with relative standard deviation values lower than 2.67%. The results showed that the polymers demonstrated good adsorption capacity for Chikusetsu saponin IVa. Meanwhile, the polymers showed great stability and reusability during the application.
Separation of chemical constituents in Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. by elution‐extrusion counter‐current chromatography using two new three‐phase solvent systems
Authors: Chen Zhenshan , Tian Zhenhua , Zhang Yaowen , Wang Xiaoming , Xu Jinqi , Li Yunlun , Jiang Haiqiang , Su Benzheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo new three‐phase solvent systems combined with elution‐extrusion counter‐current chromatography mode were used to study the chemical constituents in Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. The first novel solvent system consisted of n‐hexane, acetonitrile, chloroform, and water in a ratio of 5:5:1:5, which was selected for elution‐extrusion counter‐current chromatography to separate the n‐hexane extraction part. A total of six constituents were obtained from this part in the up phase as the stationary phase and the middle phase as the mobile phase. The second novel solvent system, composed of n‐hexane‐butyl acetate‐acetonitrile‐water (3:1:4:3, v/v/v/v), was used for separating ethyl acetate extract of Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. Eight compounds were successfully isolated using elution‐extrusion counter‐current chromatography elution‐extrusion mode. Fourteen chemical constituents were identified as 2‐β‐D‐glucopyranosytoxy‐1‐hydroxy‐5(E)‐tridecene‐7,9,11‐triyne (Y1), 3‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy ‐1‐hydroxy‐6(E)‐tetradecene‐8,10,12‐triyne (Y2), 1, 2‐dihydroxy‐5(E)‐tridecene‐7,9, 11‐triyne (Y3), isorhamnetin (Y4), kaempferol (Y5), icthyothereolacetate (Y6), quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐ galactopyranosyl‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (W1), quercetin 3‐O‐β‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (W2), neosperidin dihydrochalcone (W3), quercetin (W4), quercetagetin‐3,6,4' ‐trimethoxyl‐ 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (W5), taxifolin (W6), luteolin (W7), and apigenin (W8) by spectra of 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR data. Among them, compounds Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y6 belong to polyacetylene compounds, and the rest were flavonoids. In addition, counter‐current chromatography has been used to separate polyacetylene compounds for the first time. All compounds in this method were isolated from Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. for the first time.
The atypicality of sustainable luxury products
Authors: Amatulli Cesare , De Angelis Matteo , Donato Carmela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study tackles the issue of how consumers might perceive luxury products' sustainability‐focused communication. We compare consumers' reactions when luxury brands communicate their focus on either product sustainability or product excellence (i.e., a sustainability‐ vs. excellence‐focused communication strategy, respectively). We predict that consumers perceive the former as more atypical for a luxury brand, which renders the communication more effective at enhancing consumers' willingness to buy the brand's products. Across six experiments, we demonstrate that perceived atypicality mediates the effect of luxury product communication strategy on consumers' willingness to buy; that perceived atypicality increases willingness to buy by increasing consumers' perception about the uniqueness of the communication strategy; that the effect of perceived atypicality is stronger for consumers with a higher chronic need for uniqueness; and that the greater effectiveness of a sustainability‐focused communication strategy on atypicality and willingness to buy is peculiar to luxury products (i.e., it does not manifest for mass‐market products). From a managerial perspective, our findings demonstrate that luxury brands may innovate their communication strategies by leveraging sustainability rather than product excellence.
Find me strength in things: Fear can explain materialism
Authors: Longmire Sierra J. , Chan Eugene Y. , Lawry C. Aaron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndividuals feel fear when they face potential dangers and threats. It causes individuals to take actions and make choices that help them face the threat, such as by seeking out others because there is “strength in numbers.” We conjecture that fear also increases materialism in individuals because there is “strength in things.” The results from four experiments illustrate that situationally felt fear can increase materialistic orientation (Study 1) because of a desire for safety (Study 2). Importantly, fear increases preference for material and not experiential goods (Study 3). Finally, consistent with our theoretical account, having more material products (vs. experiences) can reduce fear (Study 4). Together, our findings across four studies suggest that fear increases materialism. Our findings also offer unique insights into another precursor or antecedent to materialism, a human value related to both possessiveness and selfishness and that restricts individuals' pursuit of true happiness.
Pattern‐based conditioning enhances sub‐seasonal prediction skill of European national energy variables
Authors: Bloomfield Hannah C. , Brayshaw David J. , Gonzalez Paula L. M. , Charlton‐Perez Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSub‐seasonal forecasts are becoming more widely used in the energy sector to inform high‐impact, weather‐dependent decisions. Using pattern‐based methods (such as weather regimes) is also becoming commonplace, although until now an assessment of how pattern‐based methods perform compared with gridded model output has not been completed. We compare four methods to predict weekly‐mean anomalies of electricity demand and demand‐net‐wind across 28 European countries. At short lead times (days 0–10) grid‐point forecasts have higher skill than pattern‐based methods across multiple metrics. However, at extended lead times (day 12+) pattern‐based methods can show greater skill than grid‐point forecasts. All methods have relatively low skill at weekly‐mean national impact forecasts beyond day 12, particularly for probabilistic skill metrics. We therefore develop a method of pattern‐based conditioning, which is able to provide windows of opportunity for prediction at extended lead times: when at least 50% of the ensemble members of a forecast agree on a specific pattern, skill increases significantly. The conditioning is valuable for users interested in particular thresholds for decision‐making, as it combines the dynamical robustness in the large‐scale flow conditions from the pattern‐based methods with local information present in the grid‐point forecasts.
Different trajectories in upper limb and gross motor function in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Coratti Giorgia , Pera Maria Carmela , Montes Jacqueline , Pasternak Amy , Scoto Mariacristina , Baranello Giovanni , Messina Sonia , Dunaway Young Sally , Glanzman Allan M. , Duong Tina , De Sanctis Roberto , Mazzone Elena Stacy , Milev Evelin , Rohwer Annemarie , Civitello Matthew , Pane Marika , Antonaci Laura , Frongia Anna Lia , Sframeli Maria , Vita Gian Luca , DʼAmico Adele , Mizzoni Irene , Albamonte Emilio , Darras Basil T. , Bertini Enrico , Sansone Valeria A. , Bovis Francesca , Day John , Bruno Claudio , Muntoni Francesco , De Vivo Darryl C. , Finkel Richard , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) have been widely used in natural history studies and clinical trials. Our aim was to establish how the scales relate to each other at different age points in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 2 and 3, and to describe their coherence over 12 mo.MethodsThe study was performed by cross‐sectional and longitudinal reanalysis of previously published natural history data. The longitudinal analysis of the 12‐mo changes also included the analysis of concordance between scales with changes grouped as stable (±2 points), improved (>+2) or declined (>−2).ResultsThree hundred sixty‐four patients were included in the cross‐sectional analysis, showing different trends in score and point of slope change for the two scales. For type 2, the point of slope change was 4.1 y for the HFMSE and 5.8 for the RULM, while for type 3, it was 6 y for the HFMSE and 7.3 for the RULM. One‐hundred‐twenty‐one patients had at least two assessments at 12 mo. Full concordance was found in 57.3% of the assessments, and in 40.4% one scale remained stable and the other changed. Each scale appeared to be more sensitive to specific age or functional subgroups.DiscussionThe two scales, when used in combination, may increase the sensitivity to detect clinically meaningful changes in motor function in patients with SMA types 2 and 3.
Nash game‐based adaptive robust control design optimization for the underactuated mechanical system with fuzzy evidence theory
Authors: Zheng Yunjun , Zhao Han , He Chunsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a novel Nash game‐theoretical optimal adaptive robust control design approach to address the constraint‐following control problem for the uncertain underactuated mechanical systems with fuzzy evidence theory. First, the uncertainty is considered bounded and the bound is unknown but lies in a specified fuzzy evidence number. Second, a deterministic adaptive robust control scheme is proposed based on the servo constraint following control method, which renders the uncertain underactuated mechanical system to follow the specified constraints accurately with deterministic performance (guarantee uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness). It is shown that the designed self‐adjusting leakage‐type adaptive law can compensate for the uncertainty and avoid overcompensation. Third, based on the performance analysis and the fuzzy evidence description of uncertainty, the Nash game theory is introduced into the multi‐parameter optimization design for the two tunable control gains selected as two players. The cost functions for two players are relevant to the system constraint‐following performance and control cost. Then we can obtain the optimal control gains by seeking the Nash equilibrium which is always proved to exist. Ultimately, the simulation results on the two‐wheeled self‐balancing robot demonstrate the availability of the proposed control scheme and the optimal design approach for the underactuated mechanical systems with uncertainties.
A quantitative systems pharmacology modeling platform for evaluating triglyceride profiles in patients with high triglycerides receiving evinacumab
Authors: Khaksar Toroghi Masood , Bosley Jim , Powell Lyn M. , Zhang Yi , Yang Feng , Pu Xia , Davis John D. , Al‐Huniti Nidal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA model to quantitatively characterize the effect of evinacumab, an investigational monoclonal antibody against angiopoietin‐like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) on lipid trafficking is needed. A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approach was developed to predict the transient responses of different triglyceride (TG)‐rich lipoprotein particles in response to evinacumab administration. A previously published hepatic lipid model was modified to address specific queries relevant to the mechanism of evinacumab and its effect on lipid metabolism. Modifications included the addition of intermediate‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein compartments to address the modulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity by evinacumab, ANGPTL3 biosynthesis and clearance, and a target‐mediated drug disposition model. A sensitivity analysis guided the creation of virtual patients (VPs). The drug‐free QSP model was found to agree well with clinical data published with the initial hepatic liver model over simulations ranging from 20 to 365 days in duration. The QSP model, including the interaction between LPL and ANGPTL3, was validated against clinical data for total evinacumab, total ANGPTL3, and TG concentrations as well as inhibition of apolipoprotein CIII. Free ANGPTL3 concentration and LPL activity were also modeled. In total, seven VPs were created; the lipid levels of the VPs were found to match the range of responses observed in evinacumab clinical trial data. The QSP model results agreed with clinical data for various subjects and was shown to characterize known TG physiology and drug effects in a range of patient populations with varying levels of TGs, enabling hypothesis testing of evinacumab effects on lipid metabolism.