bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Drinking Test as Biomarker in Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Scarpellini Emidio , Van den Houte Karen , Schol Jolien , Huang I-Hsuan , Colomier Ester , Carbone Florencia , Tack Jan 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent condition with multifactorial pathophysiology, including impaired gastric accommodation (GA), hypersensitivity to gastric distention, and delayed gastric emptying. Drink tests (DT) have been proposed as a potential biomarker for the presence and severity of gastric sensorimotor dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to summarize the state of knowledge on different DT and their potential as a biomarker for FD.

METHODS:
A PubMed and MEDLINE search was conducted for English language articles, reviews, meta-analyses, case series, and randomized controlled trials, including also published meeting abstracts.

RESULTS:
Several DT have been described in literature (e.g., different type of liquid, number of calories used, pace of drinking, and subject's awareness of the amount of liquid drunk). FD patients ingest significantly less volume in the different variants of the tests. The slow nutrient (“satiety drinking”) test (SDT) studies show the most consistent separation between health and FD and correlation with GA. However, sensitivity to distention may be correlated with rapid DT. SDTs were used to evaluate the effect of several pharmacological agents, often showing concordance between their effects on GA and tolerated nutrient volume. This correlation was not found mainly for agents with central actions.

DISCUSSION:
An SDT is a potential diagnostic biomarker in FD, reflecting GA. Additional studies are required to confirm its role as a predictive biomarker for treatment outcome in FD.
A Comparison of Prognostic Scores (Mayo, UK-PBC, and GLOBE) in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Goet Jorn C. , Murillo Perez Carla F. , Harms Maren H. , Floreani Annarosa , Cazzagon Nora , Bruns Tony , Prechter Florian , Dalekos George N. , Verhelst Xavier , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Lindor Keith D. , Lammers Willem J. , Gulamhusein Aliya , Reig Anna , Carbone Marco , Nevens Frederik , Hirschfield Gideon M. , van der Meer Adriaan J. , van Buuren Henk R. , Hansen Bettina E. , Parés Albert ,   on behalf of the GLOBAL PBC Study Group
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Comparative data on scores that predict outcome in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are scarce. We aimed to assess and compare the prognostic value of the Mayo Risk Score (MRS, 1989 and 1994), UK-PBC score, and GLOBE score in a large international cohort of patients with PBC.

METHODS:
Ursodeoxycholic acid–treated patients from 7 centers participating in the GLOBAL PBC Study Group were included. The discriminatory performance of the scores was assessed with concordance statistics at yearly intervals up to 5 years. Model for End-stage Liver Disease was included for comparison. Prediction accuracy was assessed by comparing predicted survival and actual survival in Kaplan-Meier analyses.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,100 ursodeoxycholic acid–treated patients with PBC were included, with a mean (SD) age of 53.6 (12.0) years, of whom 1,003 (91%) were female. During a median follow-up of 7.6 (interquartile range 4.1–11.7) years, 42 patients underwent liver transplantation, and 127 patients died. At 1 year, the concordance statistic for Model for End-stage Liver Disease was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.72), 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.80) for the UK-PBC score, 0.76 (95% CI 0.72–0.81) for the MRS (1989 and 1994), and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.84) for the GLOBE score. The GLOBE score showed superior discriminatory performance, but differences were not statistically different. For all scores, discriminatory performance increased in those with bilirubin >0.6 × ULN and advanced fibrosis estimated with Fibrosis-4. The predicted (median) minus observed 5-year transplant-free survival was +0.4% and +2.5% for the MRS (1989) and GLOBE score, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
All prognostic scores developed for PBC (GLOBE, UK-PBC, and MRS) demonstrated comparable discriminating performance for liver transplantation or death as well as good prediction accuracy.
NOVEDADES PARA LA FLORA VASCULAR DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE (ARGENTINA)
Authors: EXNER E. , CERINO C. , KERN V. , RICHARD G. , CUFFIA C. , LUCHETTI A. M. , REUTEMANN A. , PENSIERO J. F. 
Published: May 2021

Producto de viajes de colección realizados en la provincia de Santa Fe, se documentaron 13 taxones novedosos para la provincia, 10 son taxones nativos y 3 son introducidos, siendo uno de éstos últimos una nueva cita, para Argentina.
MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO DE ALSTROEMERIA EN LA ARGENTINA: OBTENCIÓN DE HÍBRIDOS A TRAVÉS DE RESCATE DE EMBRIONES
Authors: PAKOCA C. , BUGALLO V. , FACCIUTO G. 
Published: May 2021

El género Alstroemeria comprende cerca de 90 especies restrictas a América del Sur, de las cuales, 10 se distribuyen en la Argentina. Su cultivo ha crecido en popularidad debido a la variedad de colores y calidad postcosecha de sus ﬂores.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudio de la compatibilidad entre A. psittacina y 9 variedades de alstroemeria y el ajuste de la técnica de rescate de embriones.
El estudio del crecimiento del tubo polínico permitió detectar distintas situaciones según las variedades. El número de embriones germinados y la obtención de plántulas normales varió respecto a la variedad y al tiempo al rescate. En el caso de los cruzamientos con “Belvedere”, la mayor cantidad de embriones germinados se produjo a los 14 días post polinización (DPP), para “Cartagena” a los 7 DPP y para “Costa Azul” no se detectaron diferencias signiﬁcativas entre ambos tiempos. Se obtuvieron plántulas en los cruzamientos con “Belvedere”, “Cartagena”, “Costa Azul”, “Himalaya” y “Virginia”. La eﬁciencia reproductiva mayor fue en “Costa Azul” siendo 6,6 y 8,4 para los rescates a 7 y 14 DPP, respectivamente. Estos resultados permitirán el avance del plan de mejoramiento de Alstroemeria para la obtención de variedades argentinas.
Mangrove floristics, forest structure and mapping of Neil Island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India) with emphasis on the diversity of Rhizophora species and the significance of small island mangroves
Authors: Kannan Sivakumar , Ragavan P. , Gopalakrishnan K. , Salah Maryam , Balasubramani K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mangroves in small islands are critical resources for the stability of the island and the livelihood of local coastal communities. However, scientific inventories of mangroves in small islands are rare due to their limited distribution. Considering this, the present study was conducted during 2014–2015 to determine the species composition, biomass, vegetative carbon stock and spatial distribution of mangroves at Neil Island, one of the small islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The spatial locations of different species of mangroves identified from our extensive field surveys were compared with high-resolution images, and the coverage of mangroves (genus level distribution) was interpreted entirely based on the elements of tone and texture. The results show that the mangroves of Neil Island consist of 17 true mangrove species belonging to 12 genera in eight families. The co-existence of all three Indo-West Pacific mangrove species of the genus Rhizophora (Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora stylosa), and their hybrids (Rhizophora × annamalayana, Rhizophora × lamarckii and Rhizophora × mohanii) shows that this island is a unique place for studying the hybridization and speciation of Rhizophora, a worldwide dominant mangrove genus. Rhizophora mucronata was found to be the dominant species in terms of density, basal area and biomass estimated from forest structural assessments using the quadrat method. The mean density and basal area were 1162 trees ha−1 and 28 m2 ha−1, respectively. The mean above-ground biomass was 271 Mg ha−1, while the mean below-ground biomass was 104 Mg ha−1. The total mean biomass of Neil Island mangroves was 375 Mg ha−1 and its corresponding vegetative carbon stock was 171 Mg C ha−1. The present study provides a practical approach to species-level mapping and assessment to gain site-specific knowledge of the mangroves of Neil Island. Since mangroves are vital for small islands such as Neil Island to cope with rising sea level and increases in natural calamities, the baseline scientific information provided by this study will be beneficial for Integrated Island Management.
Self-Driven Reverse Thermal Engines Under Monotonous and Oscillatory Optimal Operation
Authors: Badescu Viorel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The complex time-dependent heat and electromagnetic energy transfer in a new type of reverse thermal engine is analyzed. The reverse thermal engine consists of a cold body, a Peltier element and an electric circuit containing an inductor with controllable inductance. This system allows cooling a body below the ambient temperature. The inductor acts as an accumulator of magnetic energy, receiving electrical work from the Peltier element during some time intervals and supplying the Peltier element with electrical work during other time intervals. The system is named self-driven reverse thermal engine since one of its subsystems (the inductor) receives and releases work. The new type of engine has features which make it different from classical reverse thermal engines: it cannot operate in steady state and it operates for a finite time interval. Instead of usual indicators of performance such as the coefficient of performance, other performance indicators should be used, such as the minimum cooled body temperature and the interval of time needed to reach a given cooled body temperature. Significant cooling effects do not necessarily need high inductance values. The operation of the new engine has been optimized by using direct optimal control procedures. The open-source program package BOCOP has been used to transform the optimal control problem into a non-linear dynamic problem. The minimum temperature reached by the cooled body depends on its mass. There exists, however, a global minimum temperature, for a specified optimum mass of the cooled body. The minimum temperature decreases by increasing the value of the Seebeck coefficient and by decreasing the thermal conductance. Thermal damped oscillations may arise under special circumstances. This implies a very small difference between the initial temperatures of the cold and cooled bodies and a specific range of variation for the conductance of the Peltier element.
Italian wh-questions and the low periphery
Authors: Badan Linda , Crocco Claudia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article deals with Italian questions with a post-verbal wh-element, which are generally defined asin situ. We show that post-verbal wh-questions can be interpreted as information-seeking questions, and provide syntactic arguments supporting the hypothesis that the post-verbal wh-element is only apparentlyin situ. We claim that, in certain contexts, the post-verbal wh-element undergoes a syntactic movement targeting a low-peripheral focus position dedicated to the expression of informational focus. We integrate our analysis with the examination of a number of cases of low-peripheral wh-elements from the CLIPS and LIP corpora of spoken Italian. As for prosody, the available data show that a sentence-final wh-element carries the nuclear accent of the utterance. Moreover, low-peripheral wh-questions seem pragmatically more restricted compared to their counterparts with a fronted wh-. Although further investigation may reveal additional contexts for the questions at stake, low-peripheral wh-questions need to be linked to the preceding discourse context and can be used to add emphasis to the missing piece of information represented by the wh-element.Our low-peripheral analysis complements the current left-peripheral analysis of Italian wh-questions: wh-elements in left and low periphery display different interpretive and prosodic properties, indicating that they are involved in different phenomena. The results of this study also support the view that the low periphery is more subject to pragmatic restrictions compared to the left periphery.
Vers une sémiotique sadienne
Authors: Torres-Martínez Sergio 
Published: May 2021

Résumé
La présente étude aborde la question de savoir comment l’œuvre du Marquis de Sade reste sur les développements des jeux du langage wittgensteniens, c’est-à-dire des pratiques langagières associées à la communication dans un contexte donné. Tout d’abord, une identification de la règle (en tant qu’élément organique d’une pratique langagière), et du rôle de l’abduction peircienne pour son application, montre que pour Sade « faire la même chose » (c’est-à-dire suivre la règle) lui permet de créer un système sémiotique pour justifier une idéologie du privilège bourgeois. Ainsi conçue, la règle d’auteur devient expérience iconique d’hypervisibilité (fondée sur la frontalité de la sexualité) lorsqu’elle est appliquée par le lecteur (participant potentiel) à des nouveaux jeux du langage. En ce sens, les jeux du langage proposés par Sade visent à franchir les rets du livre pour justifier les illusions (im)morales de l’auteur, clés de voûte de toute son œuvre.
Association between Sarcopenic Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Fibrosis detected by Fibroscan
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Aby Elizabeth S , Ahmed Aijaz , Kim Donghee 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenic obesity share several pathophysiologic backgrounds. No prior studies have determined a plausible association between sarcopenic obesity and NAFLD and NAFLD-associated fibrosis. We aim to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity and NAFLD, and NAFLD-associated fibrosis detected by transient elastography.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1,925 participants were identified. NAFLD was defined by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores and significant fibrosis (≥F2)/cirrhosis by liver stiffness measurements on transient elastography. Sarcopenic obesity was defined by appendicular lean mass and body fat.
Results: Individuals with sarcopenic obesity had a significantly higher odds of having NAFLD [CAP score ≥263 dB/m, odds ratio (OR): 2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82-4.57, and CAP score ≥285, OR: 3.71, 95%CI: 2.24-6.14] after adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. The association remained statistically significant after adjustment for socioeconomic status, lifestyle and behavioral risk factors, and metabolic conditions (CAP score ≥263, OR: 2.61, 95%CI: 1.51-4.50, and CAP score ≥285, OR: 3.31, 95%CI: 1.85-5.96). Sarcopenic obesity was also associated with higher odds of having NAFLD-associated significant fibrosis (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.03-4.80) in the multivariate model. While those with sarcopenic obesity had a higher prevalence of NAFLD-associated cirrhosis, this association did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions: Sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and NAFLD- associated significant fibrosis independent of well-defined risk factors. Targeted interventions to improve sarcopenic obesity may reduce the risk of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated siginificant fibrosis.
Demokrasi dalam Keluarga di Ruang Komunikasi Digital Masa Kini
Authors: Edu Ambros Leonangung , Nelwan Richard A 
Published: May 2021

This paper background describes about democratic values such as equality, honesty, openness, freedom due to the intervention of digital technology. The basic assumption of this paper is that democracy which is known to the public is accepted and has strong roots in the family lives. Family is the first place a person gets to know democracy. Home is a space for the seeds of democracy to grow. Democracy in the family matures the democratic process in society and the state. A democraticperson in family is a democratic cittizen in state life. The purpose of this paper is to explore democratic values in the family as a place for the development of democracy at the state level, and how the shift in democracy at the family level occurs due to the presence of digital technology which distorts communication, relationships, and the value of equality. The description in this paper comes to the conclusion that there is a good side to democracy in a family that grows above physical and emotional relationships, direct and face-to-face relationships. The facts that occur in today's families, the breakdown, estrangement, and disharmony in today's families, one of which is triggered by the lack of direct communication due to excessive entry of digital technology.Keywords: Democracy; Family; Communication; Digital Technology AbstrakTulisan ini bertolak dari kemunduran nilai-nilai demokrasi di dalam seperti kesetaraan, kejujuran, keterbukaan, kebebasan, akibat intervensi teknologi digital. Asumsi dasar tulisan ini adalah bahwa demokrasi yang dikenal publik pun diterima dan berakar kuat dalam keluarga. Keluarga adalah tempat pertama kali seorang mengenal demokrasi. Rumah adalah ruang bagi bertumbuhnya bibit-bibit demokrasi. Demokrasi dalam keluarga mematangkan proses demokrasi dalam masyarakat dan negara. Seorang yang demokratis dalam keluarga berarti demokratis dalam kehidupan negara. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam keluarga sebagai tempat bertumbuh-kembangnya demokrasi di tingkat negara, dan bagaimana pergeseran demokrasi pada tataran keluarga terjadi akibat kehadiran teknologi digital yang mendistorsi komunikasi, relasi, dan nilai kesetaraan. Uraian dalam tulisan ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa terdapat sisi baik demokrasi dalam keluarga bertumbuh di atas hubungan fisik dan emosi, hubungan langsung dan tatap muka. Fakta yang terjadi pada keluarga-keluarga masa kini, keretakan, kerenggangan, dan disharmonisasi dalam keluarga-keluarga masa kini, salah satunya dipicu oleh kurangnya komunikasi langsung akibat masuknya teknologi digital yang berlebihan.Kata Kunci: Demokrasi; Keluarga; Komunikasi; Teknologi Digital
Identification of Megalin as the Sole Rat Kidney Sialoglycoprotein Containing Poly α2,8 Deaminoneuraminic Acid
Authors: ZIAK MARTIN , KERJASCHKI DONTSCHO , FARQUHAR MARILYN G. , ROTH JÜRGEN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Recently, poly α2,8 deaminoneuraminic acid (poly α2,8 KDN) was demonstrated in various embryonic and adult mammalian tissues. This study reports the purification and characterization of the single poly α2,8 KDN-bearing glycoprotein from rat kidney. Amino acid sequences of proteolytic fragments shared homology with megalin, a member of the LDL receptor family. Immunochemical analysis supported this finding, since immunoprecipitated poly α2,8 KDN-bearing glycoprotein was immunoreactive with anti-megalin antibodies in Western blotting and conversely immunoprecipitated megalin was immunoreactive with the monoclonal anti-poly α2,8 KDN antibody. Furthermore, receptor-associated protein affinity-purified megalin reacted with the anti-poly α2,8 KDN antibody. By immunoelectron microscopy, labeling for both poly α2,8 KDN and megalin coincided in the brush border, endocytic invaginations and vesicles, and apical dense tubules of proximal convoluted tubules. Immunoreactivity for poly α2,8 KDN on purified megalin was abolished by β-elimination reaction but not by N-glycosidase F treatment. These data identified megalin as the sole glycoprotein of rat kidney, which contains poly α2,8 KDN present on O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. Furthermore, this study shows that megalin carries N-glycosidically linked hybrid and complex-type oligosaccharides terminating with sialic acid. Both poly α2,8 KDN and sialic acids on megalin may contribute to the binding of Ca2+ and cationic ligands.
ATP Release Mechanisms in Primary Cultures of Epithelia Derived from the Cysts of Polycystic Kidneys
Authors: WILSON PATRICIA D. , HOVATER JEFFREY S. , CASEY CASH C. , FORTENBERRY JAMES A. , SCHWIEBERT ERIK M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cyst enlargement is exacerbated by accumulation of fluid within the lumen of the cyst. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides stimulate fluid and chloride (Cl-) secretion across epithelia and are potent autocrine and paracrine agonists within tissues. This study tests the hypothesis that ATP may be released by ADPKD epithelial cells. Once released, extracellular nucleotides and their metabolites may become “trapped” in the cyst lumen. As a consequence, extracellular ATP may augment ADPKD cyst enlargement through stimulation of salt and water secretion across ADPKD epithelia that encapsulate ADPKD cysts. To test this hypothesis, bioluminescence detection assays of ATP released from primary cultures of human ADPKD epithelial cells were compared with non-ADPKD human epithelial primary cultures. ADPKD cultures release comparable or greater amounts of ATP than non-ADPKD cultures derived from proximal tubule or cortex. ATP release in both ADPKD and non-ADPKD primary epithelial monolayers was directed largely into the apical medium; however, basolateral-directed ATP release under basal and stimulated conditions was also observed. Hypotonicity potentiated ATP release into the apical and basolateral medium in a reversible manner. Reconstitution of isotonic conditions with specific osmoles or inhibition with mechanosensitive ion channel blockers dampened hypotonicity-induced ATP release. “Flashfrozen” cyst fluids from ADPKD cysts, harvested from multiple donor kidneys, were screened by luminometry. A subset of cyst fluids contained as much as 0.5 to 10 μM ATP, doses sufficient to stimulate purinergic receptors. Taken together, these results show that ADPKD and non-ADPKD human epithelial primary cultures release ATP under basal and stimulated conditions and that ATP is released in vitro and into the cyst fluid by cystic epithelial cells in concentrations sufficient to stimulate ATP receptors. It is hypothesized that extracellular nucleotide release and signaling may contribute detrimentally to the gradual expansion of cyst fluid volume that is a hallmark of ADPKD.