bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paeonol Induces Protective Autophagy in Retinal Photoreceptor Cells
Authors: Zhang Daowei , Wu Jiawen , Wu Jihong , Zhang Shenghai 
Published: May 2021

Background: Retinal photoreceptor (RP) cells are widely involved in retina-related diseases, and oxidative stress plays a critical role in retinal secondary damage. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of autophagy of paeonol (Pae) in terms of oxidation resistance.Methods: The animal model was induced by light damage (LD) in vivo, whereas the in vitro model was established by H2O2 stimulation. The effectiveness of Pae was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, electroretinogram, and Western blot analysis in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms of Pae were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and Western blot analysis in 661W cells. We mainly evaluated the effects of Pae on apoptosis and autophagy.Results: Increased apoptosis of the LD-induced and decreased autophagy of RPs were mitigated by Pae treatment. Pea, which increased the expression of mitochondrial functional protein cytochrome c, reversed the decreased cell viability and autophagy induced by oxidative stress in 661W cells. Experiments showed that autophagy was downregulated in PINK1/Parkin dependent and the BNIP3L/Nix dependent pathways under H2O2 stimulation and was upregulated by Pae treatment. Pae increased the cell viability and reduced ROS levels through autophagy.Conclusion: Pretreatment with Pae preserved RP cells by enhancing autophagy, which protected retinal function.
Systemic Corticosteroid Administration in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis Incorporating Both Mild and Pulmonary Fibrosis–Manifested Severe Disease
Authors: Cheng Bin , Ma Jinxiu , Yang Yani , Shao Tingting , Zhao Binghao , Zeng Linxiang 
Published: May 2021

Background: Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. The real role of corticosteroid use in COVID-19 has long been of interest and is disputable.Methods: We aimed to quantitatively reevaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids on COVID-19. Databases were searched for eligible meta-analyses/systematic reviews with available outcome data. For each association, we estimated the summary effect size with fixed- and random-effects models, 95% confidence intervals, and 95% prediction intervals. Heterogeneity, Egger’s test, evidence of small-study effects and excess significance bias, and subgroup analyses were rigorously evaluated.Results: Intended outcomes of 12 eligible studies were mortality, clinical improvement, hospitalization, mechanical ventilation (MV), adverse events (AEs), intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, virus clearance time (VCT), and negative conversion. Corticosteroid administration was associated with a 27% risk reduction in MV [hazard ratio (HR): 0.73 (0.64–0.83)] and a 20% reduction in mortality of critically ill/severe COVID-19 patients [HR: 0.80 (0.65–0.98)]. Interestingly, shorter ICU stays and, conversely, potentially longer hospital stays, a longer VCT, and a longer time to negative conversion were associated with corticosteroid use. There was no significant impact of different corticosteroid doses on mortality. Only one study showed slightly excess significant bias. Caution should be applied given the weak nature of the evidence, and it has been confirmed by sensitivity analyses too.Conclusion: This umbrella study found benefits from corticosteroids on MV and especially the mortality of critically ill/severe patients with shorter ICU stays but prolonged hospital stays and VCT. The benefits and harms should be reevaluated and balanced before corticosteroids are cautiously prescribed in clinical practice.
Measurement of Dabigatran Concentration Using Finger Prick Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection
Authors: Lin Shin-Yi , Peng Yu-Fong , Huang Chih-Fen , Kuo Ching-Hua , Tang Sung-Chun , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose: Real-world laboratory monitoring of dabigatran activity is challenging. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of finger prick sampling with dried blood spot (fpDBS) cards in measuring the dabigatran concentration.Material and Methods: Patients &gt;20 years of age with atrial fibrillation and receiving dabigatran therapy for more than 7 days were included in the study. Peak and trough dabigatran concentrations were collected by simultaneous finger prick and venous puncture. The dabigatran concentration was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Our previously developed post-column infused internal standard (PCI-IS) method was applied to estimate the blood spot volume on fpDBS and to calibrate the drug concentration. Deming regression was used to analyze the correlation between dabigatran concentration on fpDBS cards and in plasma samples, followed by Bland–Altman analysis to compare the bias between two sampling techniques.Results: A total of 33 patients were enrolled and contributed 66 plasma and 55 fpDBS dabigatran samples. The average patient age was 74.6 ± 7.9 years, mean creatinine clearance 58.1 ± 18.3 mL/min, and CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.5 ± 1.6 points. The dabigatran concentration ranged from 41.8–1421.7 ng/mL. The plasma and DBS dabigatran concentrations correlated well (r = 0.98), and the conversion factor for fpDBS to plasma dabigatran concentration was 1.28. The Bland–Altman analysis showed that 94.5% of the fpDBS-predicted concentration fell within 20% of bias.Conclusions: The study showed that fpDBS measurement of dabigatran concentration is reliable and can be applied in clinical scenarios.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity Is Associated With Body Composition and Metabolic Profiles of Pacific and New Zealand European Women With Different Metabolic Disease Risks
Authors: Slater Joanne , Kruger Rozanne , Douwes Jeroen , O’Brien Wendy J. , Corbin Marine , Miles-Chan Jennifer L. , Breier Bernhard H. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess associations between physical activity (PA), body composition, and biomarkers of metabolic health in Pacific and New Zealand European (NZE) women who are known to have different metabolic disease risks.Methods: Pacific (n = 142) or NZE (n = 162) women aged 18–45 years with a self-reported body mass index (BMI) of either 18.5–25.0 kg⋅m–2 or ≥30.0 kg⋅m–2 were recruited and subsequently stratified as either low (&lt;35%) or high (≥35%) BF%, with approximately half of each group in either category. Seven-day accelerometery was used to assess PA levels. Fasting blood was analysed for biomarkers of metabolic health, and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate body composition.Results: Mean moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; min⋅day–1) levels differed between BF% (p &lt; 0.05) and ethnic (p &lt; 0.05) groups: Pacific high- 19.1 (SD 15.2) and low-BF% 26.3 (SD 15.6) and NZE high- 30.5 (SD 19.1) and low-BF% 39.1 (SD 18.4). On average Pacific women in the low-BF% group engaged in significantly less total PA when compared to NZE women in the low-BF% group (133 cpm); no ethnic difference in mean total PA (cpm) between high-BF% groups were observed: Pacific high- 607 (SD 185) and low-BF% 598 (SD 168) and NZE high- 674 (SD 210) and low-BF% 731 (SD 179). Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age and deprivation showed a significant inverse association between increasing total PA and fasting plasma insulin among Pacific women; every 100 cpm increase in total PA was associated with a 6% lower fasting plasma insulin; no significant association was observed in NZE women. For both Pacific and NZE women, there was an 8% reduction in fasting plasma insulin for every 10-min increase in MVPA (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Increases in total PA and MVPA are associated with lower fasting plasma insulin, thus indicating a reduction in metabolic disease risk. Importantly, compared to NZE, the impact of increased total PA on fasting insulin may be greater in Pacific women. Considering Pacific women are a high metabolic disease risk population, these pre-clinical responses to PA may be important in this population; indicating promotion of PA in Pacific women should remain a priority.
Associations of Caregiving Knowledge and Skills With Caregiver Burden, Psychological Well-Being, and Coping Styles Among Primary Family Caregivers of People Living With Schizophrenia in China
Authors: Zhou Zonglei , Wang Yao , Feng Ping , Li Tongxin , Tebes Jacob Kraemer , Luan Rongsheng , Yu Yu 
Published: May 2021

Background: There is a lack of clarity regarding the correlation of caregiving knowledge and skills with caregiving experiences of people living with schizophrenia (PLSs). To address this gap, this comprehensive study examines the relationships of caregiving knowledge and skills to the primary family caregiver's experiences of burden, psychological well-being (stress, anxiety, depression, caregiving rewarding feelings), and coping styles in China.Methods: A total of 395 primary family caregivers of PLSs were enrolled in a cross-sectional study between May 2019 and September 2019. Each family caregiver was independently assessed on caregiving knowledge and skills, caregiver burden, and psychological well-being, as well as coping styles.Results: A higher level of caregiving knowledge and skills was positively correlated with less stress (b = −0.48, P &lt; 0.001), anxiety (b = −0.23, P = 0.029), depression (b = −0.29, P = 0.013), and more caregiving rewarding feelings (b = 0.54, P &lt; 0.001). Also, caregivers with more knowledge and skills were more inclined to adopt positive coping strategies (b = 0.44, P &lt; 0.001). Despite these differences, caregivers with different levels of caregiving knowledge and skills reported comparable caregiver burden (b = 0.11, P = 0.705) and the use of a passive coping style (b = 0.10, P = 0.169).Conclusion: Caregiving knowledge and skills are a reliable predictor of psychological well-being and active coping among the primary family caregivers of PLSs. These findings inform the development of psychoeducational interventions to support family caregivers of PLSs.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Before and 3 Months After Concentrated Exposure Response Prevention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Brecke Vilde , Thorsen Anders Lillevik , Ousdal Olga Therese , Vriend Chris , Alnæs Dag , Hagen Kristen , Hansen Bjarne , Kvale Gerd , van den Heuvel Odile A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Subtle differences in white matter microstructure have been found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), but it is unclear if and how this change after treatment. The primary aim of this pre-registered study was to investigate white matter integrity between OCD patients and controls and changes after concentrated exposure and response prevention (ERP).Methods: Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were estimated using FMRIB Software Library (FSL). The images were registered to a study-specific template using a longitudinal pipeline based on full tensor information in DTI-TK. Voxel-based analysis was performed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Using SPSS, we compared the integrity in three bilateral regions of interest (ROI), the sagittal stratum, posterior thalamic radiation and cingulum, in 32 OCD patients and 30 matched healthy controls at baseline. Patients received a four-day concentrated ERP format. We investigated longitudinal changes in 26 OCD patients and 22 healthy controls at 3months follow-up using repeated-measures ANOVA. Exploratory t-tests were conducted for AD and MD. Secondary hypothesis used linear regression to investigate if baseline FA predict treatment outcome 3 months later, and if patients with illness onset before 18 years of age would show lower FA in sagittal stratum. Finally, we performed sensitivity analysis on medication and comorbidity influences on FA.Results: Three months after treatment, 77% of the patients were in remission. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any significant differences in FA, RD, AD or MD between the groups before treatment, nor significant group by time effects in any of the ROI. None of the baseline FA measures significantly predicted treatment outcome. Illness onset before 18 years of age did not significantly predict FA in the sagittal stratum. Adjusting for medication or comorbid anxiety or mood disorder did not influence the results.Conclusions: Although concentrated ERP in OCD lead to high remission, we did not find significant long-term changes by DTI. Future studies will benefit from using larger sample sizes and multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging when investigating white matter microstructure in OCD and underlying neurobiological mechanisms of treatment.
Mental Health Status of Late-Middle-Aged Adults in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Zheng Yong-Bo , Shi Le , Lu Zheng-An , Que Jian-Yu , Yuan Kai , Huang Xiao-Lin , Liu Lin , Wang Yun-He , Lu Qing-Dong , Wang Zhong , Yan Wei , Han Ying , Sun Xin-Yu , Bao Yan-Ping , Shi Jie , Lu Lin 
Published: May 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related compulsory measures have triggered a wide range of psychological issues. However, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health in late-middle-aged adults remains unclear.Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey recruited 3,730 participants (≥ 50 years old) between February 28 and March 11 of 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Acute Stress Disorder Scale were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted to explore risk factors that were associated with the selected outcomes.Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.44 ± 5.99 years, and 2,026 (54.3%) of the participants were female. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress symptoms among late-middle-aged adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic was 20.4, 27.1, 27.5, and 21.2%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that participants who were quarantined had increased odds ratios for the four mental health symptoms, and those with a good understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic displayed a decreased risk for all mental health symptoms among late-middle-aged adults. In addition, participants with a low income and with a risk of COVID-19 exposure at work had a remarkably high risk of depression, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms.Conclusions: Mental health symptoms in late-middle-aged adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic are prevalent. Population-specific mental health interventions should be developed to improve mental health outcomes in late-middle-aged adults during this public health emergency.
Surgery or Non-surgical Treatment of ≤8 mm Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Shen Jianfei , Zhuang Weitao , Xu Congcong , Jin Ke , Chen Baofu , Tian Dan , Hiley Crispin , Onishi Hiroshi , Zhu Chengchu , Qiao Guibin 
Published: May 2021

Background: Timing for intervention of small indeterminate pulmonary nodules has long been a topic of debate given the low incidence of malignancy and difficulty in obtaining a definite preoperative diagnosis. We sought to determine survival outcomes of surgical and non-surgical managements in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤8 mm, which may provide a reference for prospective decision-making for patients with suspected NSCLC.Method: A total of 1,652 patients with Stage IA NSCLC ≤8 mm were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and categorized into surgery and non-surgery groups. Chi-square test, t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the baseline characteristics between groups. Survival curves were depicted using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Adjustment of confounding factors between groups was performed by propensity score matching.Results: The surgery and non-surgery groups included 1,438 and 208 patients, respectively. Patients in surgery group demonstrated superior survival outcome than patients in non-surgery group both before [overall survival (OS): HR, 16.22; 95% CI, 11.48–22.91, p &lt; 0.001; cancer-specific survival (CSS): HR, 49.6; 95% CI, 31.09–79.11, p &lt; 0.001] and after (OS: HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.40–4.05, p &lt; 0.001; CSS: HR, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.74–5.40, p &lt; 0.001) propensity score matching. The 30-day mortality rates were 3.1 and 12.0% in surgery and non-surgery groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis suggested age, sex, race, tumor size, grade, pathological stage were all independent prognostic factors in patients with ≤8 mm NSCLC. A comparison of surgical resections revealed a survival superiority of lobectomy over sub-lobectomy. In terms of CSS, no statistically significant difference was found between segmentectomy and wedge resection.Conclusion: The current SEER database showed better prognosis of surgical resection than non-surgical treatment in patients with ≤8 mm NSCLC. However, the factors that should be essentially included in the proper propensity-matched analysis, such as comorbidity, cardiopulmonary function and performance status were unavailable and the true superiority or inferiority should be examined further by ongoing randomized trial, especially comparing surgery and stereotactic body irradiation.
The Role of Profitability, Company Size, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Risk on Firm Value of Indonesian Banks
Authors: Fauziah Fenty , Rafiqoh Rafiqoh 
Published: May 2021

The main objective of any firm is to maximize shareholder's wealth, which can be seen from firm value. This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of profitability, company size, capital structure, and liquidity risk on firm value banking companies in Indonesia. The population of this study is all banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with an observation period of 2017-2018. The sample selection using a purposive sampling method. Data have both cross-section and time variation. Analysis and hypothesis testing were carried out by using a linear regression analysis using Eviews 11. The results showed that investors viewed that the company's overall profits from its business activities could increase its share price. The capital structure owned by the public relatively small, which meant that the company could provide a source of funds from within the company in the form of the owner's capital or retained earnings. Funds obtained from loans, if they were not followed by the ability to manage funds or were not channeled back to the community, would cause interest expenses and destroy profits. This condition results in investors selling their shares. Investors in making investment decisions paid attention to one indicator at a time and paid attention to all the factors that determined the company's value.
Robotic surgery for gastric cancer: expert opinion from a western perspective
Authors: Amilcare Parisi  
Published: May 2021

Gastric surgery is one of the most relevant felds of development for minimally invasive technologies. Laparoscopy is now widespread, and several studies have demonstrated its feasibility and safety even in some advanced oncological procedures. Robotic surgery has several intrinsic advantages that theoretically can improve an extensive lymphadenectomy or the reconstruction phase. Much remains to be addressed in this field and further studies are necessary to offer the patient the best possible approach based on his characteristics and the stage of his disease. The present report off ers an overview on robotics and its role in gastric surgery.
CREATE VIRTUAL LAB BENCHES WITH NI LABVIEW
Authors: Pil'cov Mihail , Tihonov Vyacheslav 
Published: May 2021

The application of the development environment and the platform for executing NI
LabVIEW programs for creating virtual laboratory stands for metrology is considered. The environment
allows you to use ready-made widgets, such as animated scales, buttons and toggle switches, indica tors for displaying text and digital information, etc. to create the appearance of measuring instruments
and entire stands, and the «G» programming language used in this environment allows you to create
mathematical models that will underlie the operation of these devices. A key feature of NI LabVIEW is
the ability to change the appearance of widgets, which allows you to create stands, similar to real-life
ones
ISOTHIURONIUM SALTS BASED ON ISOXAZOLE – A NEW TYPE OF GLOSS-FORMING AGENTS IN THE PROCESS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NICKEL PLATING
Authors: Verhoturov Egor , Shatohina Nina , Sosnovskaya Nina 
Published: May 2021

Isothiuronium salts from 5-chloromethylisoxazoles were synthesized for the first
time. The resulting salts are used as gloss-forming additives to the Watts electrolyte in the process of
applying nickel coatings.
RESEARCH OF THE TYPES OF MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES AND ANALYSIS OF THE MOTIVATION SYSTEM IN THE COMPANY
Authors: Bylkov Vladimir , Har'kina Valeriya 
Published: May 2021

The article examines the main types of staff motivation, provides a comparative
analysis of labor incentive systems. The motives and incentives of the employees of the project office
are studied, and the system of personnel motivation in the company is analyzed
HIGH-PRECISION CALCULATION OF 1H AND 13C NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF STRICHNINA ALKALOIDS
Authors: Krivdin Leonid , Semenov Valentin 
Published: May 2021

The calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in the series of strychnine
alkaloids using the Purdue-Burke-Ernzerhof functional, PBE0, with segmented Jensen basis sets of
threefold splitting level pcSseg-2 and pcseg-2, PBE0 / pcSg-2 // pcseg-2.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING HEAVY OIL RESIDUES
Authors: Kuzora Igor' , Simonova Elena , Uhanev Stepan 
Published: May 2021

The physicochemical and chemmotological characteristics of oil sludge from treat ment facilities were studied to determine the optimal conditions for their dewatering. The possibility of
using them as a component in various fuel compositions is investigated.
TELLURIUM-CONTAINING GLOSS-FORMING AGENTS IN THE PROCESS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NICKEL PLATING
Authors: Lukashov Pavel , Nikonova Valentina , Sosnovskaya Nina , Korchevin Nikolay 
Published: May 2021

The effect of the addition of 1-methyl-1-telluracyclohexane iodide to the standard
Watts electrolyte was studied using the Hull cell. It is shown that at a current density of 4 A/dm2, a
temperature of 50 0C, a pH of 5.4, and a concentration of 0.2 g/l of the additive, a shiny nickel coating is formed.
QUANTUM-CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF REACTION OF DIFORMYLHYDRAZINE WITH p-AMINOPHENOL
Authors: Chirkina Elena 
Published: May 2021

Based on the results of a quantum chemical study within the framework of the elec tron density functional theory by the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) method, a theoretical mechanism for the
reaction of diformylhydrazine with p-aminophenol is proposed
REDUCTING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE BUTYL ALCOHOL PLANT BY ELIMINATING THE COLUMN
Authors: Shvalev Egor , Bahmatov Mihail , Oleynik Daniil 
Published: May 2021

A large consumption of energy resources of petrochemical plant ANHK is account ed by the rectification of butyl alcohols (more than 65% industrial water and about 40% steam). In or der to reduce energy consumption, it was decided to exclude one of the columns from operation at the
stage of rectification butyl alcohols. As a result, the consumption of energy resources was reduced.