bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bottomonium suppression and elliptic flow using Heavy Quarkonium Quantum Dynamics
Authors: Islam Ajaharul , Strickland Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce a framework called Heavy Quarkonium Quantum Dynamics (HQQD) which can be used to compute the dynamical suppression of heavy quarkonia propagating in the quark-gluon plasma using real-time in-medium quantum evolution. Using HQQD we compute large sets of real-time solutions to the Schrödinger equation using a realistic in-medium complex-valued potential. We sample 2 million quarkonia wave packet trajectories and evolve them through the QGP using HQQD to obtain their survival probabilities. The computation is performed using three different HQQD model parameter sets in order to estimate our systematic uncertainty. After taking into account final state feed down we compare our results to existing experimental data for the suppression and elliptic flow of bottomonium states and find that HQQD predictions are good agreement with available data forRAAas a function ofNpartandpTcollected at$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$sNN= 5.02 TeV. In the case ofv2for the various states, we find that the path-length dependence of ϒ(1s) suppression results in quite smallv2for ϒ(1s). Our prediction for the integrated elliptic flow for ϒ(1s) in the 10−90% centrality class, which now includes an estimate of the systematic error, isv2[ϒ(1s)] = 0.003±0.0007±$$ {}_{0.0013}^{0.0006} $$0.00130.0006. We also find that, due to their increased suppression, excited bottomonium states have a larger elliptic flow. Based on this observation we make predictions forv2[ϒ(2s)] andv2[ϒ(3s)] as a function of centrality and transverse momentum.
Combinatorics of Nahm sums, quiver resultants and the K-theoretic condition
Authors: Noshchenko Dmitry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Algebraic Nahm equations, considered in the paper, are polynomial equations, governing the q → 1 limit of the q-hypergeometric Nahm sums. They make an appearance in various fields: hyperbolic geometry, knot theory, quiver representation theory, topological strings and conformal field theory. In this paper we focus primarily on Nahm sums and Nahm equations that arise in relation with symmetric quivers. For a large class of them, we prove that quiver A-polynomials — specialized resultants of the Nahm equations, are tempered (the so-called K-theoretic condition). This implies that they are quantizable. Moreover, we find that their face polynomials obey a remarkable combinatorial pattern. We use the machinery of initial forms and mixed polyhedral decompositions to investigate the edges of the Newton polytope. We show that this condition holds for the diagonal quivers with adjacency matrix C = diag(α, α, . . . , α), α ≥ 2, and provide several checks for non-diagonal quivers. Our conjecture is that the K-theoretic condition holds for all symmetric quivers.
Optimal estimates from below for Green functions of higher order elliptic operators with variable leading coefficients
Authors: Grunau Hans-Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEstimates from above and below by the same positive prototype function for suitably modified Green functions in bounded smooth domains under Dirichlet boundary conditions for elliptic operators L of higher order $$2m\ge 4$$

2
m
≥
4

have been shown so far only when the principal part of L is the polyharmonic operator $$(-\Delta )^m$$

(
-
Δ
)

m

. In the present note, it is shown that such kind of result still holds when the Laplacian is replaced by any second order uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form with smooth variable coefficients. For general higher order elliptic operators, whose principal part cannot be written as a power of second order operators, it was recently proved that such kind of result becomes false in general.
Somatosensory network functional connectivity differentiates clinical pain phenotypes in diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Teh Kevin , Wilkinson Iain D. , Heiberg-Gibbons Francesca , Awadh Mohammed , Kelsall Alan , Pallai Shillo , Sloan Gordon , Tesfaye Solomon , Selvarajah Dinesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to investigate whether different clinical pain phenotypes of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are distinguished by functional connectivity at rest.

Methods
This was an observational, cohort study of 43 individuals with painful DPN, divided into irritable (IR, n = 10) and non-irritable (NIR, n = 33) nociceptor phenotypes using the German Research Network of Neuropathic Pain quantitative sensory testing protocol. In-situ brain MRI included 3D T1-weighted anatomical and 6 min resting-state functional MRI scans. Subgroup differences in resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions involved with somatic (thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex, motor cortex) and non-somatic (insular and anterior cingulate cortices) pain processing were examined. Multidimensional reduction of MRI datasets was performed using a machine-learning approach to classify individuals into each clinical pain phenotype.

Results
Individuals with the IR nociceptor phenotype had significantly greater thalamic–insular cortex (p false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.03) and reduced thalamus–somatosensory cortex functional connectivity (p-FDR = 0.03). We observed a double dissociation such that self-reported neuropathic pain score was more associated with greater thalamus–insular cortex functional connectivity (r = 0.41; p = 0.01) whereas more severe nerve function deficits were more related to lower thalamus–somatosensory cortex functional connectivity (r = −0.35; p = 0.03). Machine-learning group classification performance to identify individuals with the NIR nociceptor phenotype achieved an accuracy of 0.92 (95% CI 0.08) and sensitivity of 90%.

Conclusions/interpretation
This study demonstrates differences in functional connectivity in nociceptive processing brain regions between IR and NIR phenotypes in painful DPN. We also establish proof of concept for the utility of multimodal MRI as a biomarker for painful DPN by using a machine-learning approach to classify individuals into sensory phenotypes.

Graphical abstract
Recurrence of Non‐functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors After Curative Resection: A Tumor Burden‐Based Prediction Model
Authors: Dong Ding‐Hui , Zhang Xu‐Feng , Lopez‐Aguiar Alexandra G. , Poultsides George , Rocha Flavio , Weber Sharon , Fields Ryan , Idrees Kamran , Cho Cliff , Maithel Shishir K. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients can experience recurrence following curative‐intent resection of non‐functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF‐pNETs). We sought to develop a nomogram to risk stratify patients relative to recurrence following resection of NF‐pNETs.MethodsPatients who underwent curative‐intent resection for NF‐pNETs between 1997 and 2016 were identified from a multi‐institutional database. The impact of clinicopathologic factors, including tumor burden score (TBS) (TBS2 = (maximum tumor diameter)2 + (number of tumors)2), was assessed relative to recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and a nomogram was developed and internally validated.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 31.0 months (IQR 11.3–56.6 months), 66 (15.8%) out of 416 patients in the cohort experienced tumor recurrence. Overall, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year RFS following curative‐intent resection was 83.2%, 74.0%, and 44.7%, respectively. Several factors were associated with risk of recurrence including tumor grade (referent G1: G2, HR 4.07, 95% CI 2.29–7.26, p < 0.001; G3, HR 10.83, 95% CI 3.72–31.53, p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (HR 4.71, 95% CI 2.69–8.26, p < 0.001), as well as TBS (referent low: medium, HR 4.36, 95% CI 2.06–9.24, p < 0.001; high, HR 6.04, 95% CI 2.96–12.31, p < 0.001). A weighted nomogram including tumor grade (G1 0, G2 54.19, G3 100), LNM (N0 0, N1 42.06), and TBS (low 0, medium 44.07, high 56.48) was developed. The discriminatory power of the nomogram was very good with a C‐index of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66–0.79) in the training cohort and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65–0.75) in the validation cohort. In addition, the nomogram performed better than the current 8th edition of AJCC TNM staging system, which had a C‐index of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.60–0.73).ConclusionsA nomogram that incorporated tumor grade, LNM, and TBS was established that had good discrimination and calibration. The nomogram may be an effective tool to stratify patients relative to recurrence risk following resection of NF‐pNETs.
Appetite-regulating hormone trajectories and relationships with fat mass development in term-born infants during the first 6 months of life
Authors: de Fluiter Kirsten S. , Kerkhof Gerthe F. , van Beijsterveldt Inge A. L. P. , Breij Laura M. , van Vark-van der Zee Leonie C. , Mulder Monique T. , Abrahamse-Berkeveld Marieke , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The first 6 months of life are a critical window for adiposity programming. Appetite-regulating hormones (ARH) are involved in food intake regulation and might, therefore, play a role in adiposity programming. Studies examining ARH in early life are limited.

Purpose
To investigate ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and leptin until 6 months and associations with fat mass percentage (FM%), infant feeding and human milk macronutrients.

Procedures
In 297 term-born infants (Sophia Pluto Cohort), ghrelin (acylated), PYY and leptin were determined at 3 and 6 months, with FM% measurement by PEAPOD. Exclusive breastfeeding (BF) was classified as BF ≥ 3 months. Human milk macronutrients were analyzed (MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer).

Main findings
Ghrelin increased from 3 to 6 months (p < 0.001), while PYY decreased (p < 0.001), resulting in increasing ghrelin/PYY ratio. Leptin decreased. Leptin at 3 months was higher in girls, other ARH were similar between sexes. Leptin at 3 and 6 months correlated with FM% at both ages(R ≥ 0.321, p ≤ 0.001) and gain in FM% from 1 to 6 months(R ≥ 0.204, p = 0.001). In BF infants, also ghrelin and ghrelin/PYY ratio correlated with this gain in FM%. Exclusively BF infants had lower ghrelin and higher PYY compared to formula fed infants at 3 months (p ≤ 0.039). ARH did not correlate with macronutrients.

Conclusions
Increasing ghrelin and decreasing PYY, thus increasing ghrelin/PYY ratio, suggests an increasing orexigenic drive until 6 months. ARH were different between BF and FF infants at 3 months, but did not correlate with human milk macronutrients. Ghrelin and leptin, but not PYY, correlated with more FM development during the first 6 months, suggesting that they might be involved in adiposity programming.
Describing a new food group classification system for UK biobank: analysis of food groups and sources of macro- and micronutrients in 208,200 participants
Authors: Piernas Carmen , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Gao Min , Young Heather , Pollard Zoe , Mulligan Angela , Lentjes Marleen , Carter Jennifer , Bradbury Kathryn , Key Tim J. , Jebb Susan A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The UK Biobank study collected detailed dietary data using a web-based self-administered 24 h assessment tool, the Oxford WebQ. We aimed to describe a comprehensive food grouping system for this questionnaire and to report dietary intakes and key sources of selected nutrients by sex and education.

Methods
Participants with at least one valid 24-h questionnaire were included (n = 208,200). Dietary data were grouped based on the presence of nutrients as well as culinary use, processing, and plant/animal origin. For each food group, we calculated the contribution to energy intake, key macronutrients, and micronutrients. We also identified the top contributors to energy intake, free sugars and saturated fat by sex and education.

Results
From the 93 food groups, the top five contributors to energy intake (in descending order) were: desserts/cakes/pastries; white bread; white pasta/rice; bananas/other fruit; semi-skimmed milk. Wine, beer, and fruit juices were the top beverage contributors to overall energy intake. Biscuits, and desserts/cakes/pastries were the highest contributors to free sugars, total fat, and saturated fat intakes, but also contributed to the calcium and iron intakes. Top contributors to energy, saturated fat, and free sugars were broadly similar by sex and education category, with small differences in average nutrient intakes across the population.

Conclusion
This new food classification system will support the growing interest in the associations between food groups and health outcomes and the development of food-based dietary guidelines. Food group variables will be available to all users of the UK Biobank WebQ questionnaire.
Galactorrhea during antipsychotic treatment: results from AMSP, a drug surveillance program, between 1993 and 2015
Authors: Glocker C. , Grohmann R. , Engel R. , Seifert J. , Bleich S. , Stübner S. , Toto S. , Schüle C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGalactorrhea is a well-known adverse drug reaction (ADR) of numerous antipsychotic drugs (APD) and is often distressing for those affected. Methodological problems in the existing literature make it difficult to determine the prevalence of symptomatic hyperprolactinemia in persons treated with APDs. Consequently, a large sample of patients exposed to APDs is needed for more extensive evaluation. Data on APD utilization and reports of galactorrhea caused by APDs were analyzed using data from an observational pharmacovigilance program in German-speaking countries—Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie (AMSP)—from 1993 to 2015. 320,383 patients (175,884 female inpatients) under surveillance were treated with APDs for schizophrenia and other indications. A total of 170 events of galactorrhea caused by APDs were identified (0.97 cases in 1000 female inpatient admissions). Most cases occurred during the reproductive age with the highest incidence among patients between 16 and 30 years (3.81 cases in 1000 inpatients). The APDs that were most frequently imputed alone for inducing galactorrhea were risperidone (52 cases and 0.19% of all exposed inpatients), amisulpride (30 resp. 0.48%), and olanzapine (13 resp. 0.05%). In three cases, quetiapine had a prominent role as a probable cause for galactorrhea. High dosages of the imputed APDs correlated with higher rates of galactorrhea. Galactorrhea is a severe and underestimated condition in psychopharmacology. While some APDs are more likely to cause galactorrhea, we identified a few unusual cases. This highlights the importance of alertness in clinical practice and of taking a patient’s individual situation into consideration.
A survey of mHealth use from a physician perspective in paediatric emergency care in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Jahn Haiko Kurt , Jahn Ingo Henry Johannes , Behringer Wilhelm , Lyttle Mark D. , Roland Damian ,   On behalf of Paediatric Emergency Research United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI)
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There has been a drive towards increased digitalisation in healthcare. The aim was to provide a snapshot of current apps, instant messaging, and smartphone photography use in paediatric emergency care. A web-based self-report questionnaire was performed. Individual physicians working in paediatric emergency care recorded their personal practice. One hundred ninety-eight medical doctors completed the survey. Eight percent of respondents had access to institutional mobile devices to run medical apps. Eighty-six percent of respondents used medical apps on their personal mobile device, with 78% using Apple iOS devices. Forty-seven percent of respondents used formulary apps daily. Forty-nine percent of respondents had between 1–5 medical apps on their personal mobile device. Respondents who used medical apps had a total of 845 medical apps installed on their personal device, accounted for by 56 specific apps. The British National Formulary (BNF/BNFc) app was installed on the personal mobile device of 96% of respondents that use medical apps. Forty percent of respondents had patient confidentiality concerns when using medical apps. Thirty-eight percent of respondents have used consumer instant messaging services, 6% secure specialist messaging services, and 29% smartphone photography when seeking patient management advice.

Conclusion
App use on the personal mobile devices, in the absence of access to institutional devices, was widespread, especially the use of a national formulary app. Instant messaging and smartphone photography were less common. A strategic decision has to be made to either provide staff with institutional devices or use software solutions to address data governance concerns when using personal devices.

What is Known:• mHealth use by junior doctors and medical students is widespread.• Clinicians’ use of instant messaging apps such as WhatsApp is the widespread in the UK and Ireland, in the absence of alternatives.

What is New:• Personal mobile device use was widespread in the absence of alternatives, with the British National Formulary nearly universally downloaded to physicians’ personal mobile devices.• A third of respondents used instant messaging and smartphone photography on their personal mobile device when seeking patient management advice from other teams in the absence of alternatives.
Predictors of transient congenital primary hypothyroidism: data from the German registry for congenital hypothyroidism (AQUAPE “HypoDok”)
Authors: Matejek Nicola , Tittel Sascha R. , Haberland Holger , Rohrer Tilman , Busemann Eva-Maria , Jorch Norbert , Schwab Karl-Otfried , Wölfle Joachim , Holl Reinhard W. , Bettendorf Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeonatal screening for congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) may not distinguish between transient (TCH) and permanent dysfunction (PCH), causing potential overtreatment and concerns in affected families. To specify the indication for interruption of therapy, we analysed the German registry “HypoDok” for infants with CH, which oversees 1625 patients from 49 participating centres in Germany and Austria from 1997 until today. A total of 357 patients with a thyroid gland in loco typico were identified and retrospectively grouped according to cessation (TCH, n = 24) or continuation (PCH, n = 333) of l-thyroxine (l-T4) treatment at 2 years of age. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify cutoffs predicting TCH by screening TSH concentrations and l-T4 dosages. Gestational ages, birth weights and prevalence of associated malformations were comparable in both groups. The cutoff screening TSH concentration was 73 mU/L. The cutoff daily l-T4 dosage at 1 year was 3.1 μg/kg (90% sensitivity, 63% specificity; 36 μg/day) and at 2 years of age 2.95 μg/kg (91% sensitivity, 59% specificity; 40 μg/day). At 2 years of age, specificity (71%) increased when both of these parameters were considered together.Conclusion: The decision to continue or cease l-T4 treatment at 2 years of age in CH patients diagnosed in neonatal screening may be based on their screening TSH concentrations and individual l-T4 dosages at 1 and 2 years of age. Thus, TCH and PCH may be distinguished; overtreatment avoided; and affected families reassured.

What is Known:• The course of congenital primary hypothyroidism may be transient, causing potential overtreatment.• The dose ofl-thyroxine at 1 or 2 years of age may predict a transient course of primary congenital hypothyroidism.

What is New:• TSH screening concentration andl-thyroxine dosages at 1 and 2 years of age represent reliable predictors for transient congenital primary hypothyroidism with higher sensitivity and specificity when considered together in order to select eligible patients who qualify for treatment withdrawal.
Self-Diffusion Coefficients, Aggregation Numbers and the Range of Existence of Spherical Micelles of Oxyethylated Alkylphenols
Authors: Arkhipov Victor P. , Kuzina Natalia A. , Filippov Andrei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAggregation numbers were calculated based on measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients, the effective hydrodynamic radii of micelles and aggregates of oxyethylated alkylphenols in aqueous solutions. On the assumption that the radii of spherical micelles are equal to the lengths of fully extended neonol molecules, the limiting values of aggregation numbers corresponding to spherically shaped neonol micelles were calculated. The concentration and temperature ranges under which spherical micelles of neonols are formed were determined.
Gesundheitskompetenz und Notfallverhalten
Authors: Wehler Markus , Kalch Anja , Bilandzic Helena , Händl Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anzahl an Patienten in Notaufnahmen steigt seit Jahren an. Im Besonderen wächst der Anteil an Patienten mit einem nichtdringlichen Behandlungsbedarf. Bislang ist unklar, ob dies in Deutschland auch auf eine eingeschränkte Gesundheitskompetenz zurückgeführt werden kann.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Studie war es, die Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) von Notfallpatienten mit nichtdringlichem Behandlungsbedarf zu erfassen, mit allgemeinen Bevölkerungsdaten zur GK zu vergleichen und Zusammenhänge mit der subjektiv empfundenen notfallmedizinischen Versorgung zu betrachten.

Material und Methode
Es wurde eine Querschnittsbefragung in der zentralen Notaufnahme und der angeschlossenen kassenärztlichen Bereitschaftspraxis (KVB-Praxis) des Universitätsklinikums Augsburg durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 448 Patienten mit nichtdringlichem Versorgungsbedarf befragt.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigt sich, dass die GK der Notfallpatienten schlechter ausfällt als die der deutschen Gesamtpopulation. Patienten mit niedriger GK nehmen eine höhere subjektive Behandlungsdringlichkeit wahr, kennen signifikant seltener alternative Anlaufstellen zur Behandlung und möchten nach hausärztlicher Versorgung häufiger in der Notaufnahme oder der KVB-Praxis eine zweite Meinung einholen.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Handlungsbedarf für eine Verbesserung der Gesundheitskompetenz auf. Dabei sind insbesondere die aktuellen strukturellen Veränderungen der Notfallversorgung in Deutschland zu berücksichtigen.
Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings
Authors: Homayounpour Mohammad , Gomez Nicholas G. , Vasavada Anita N. , Merryweather Andrew S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whiplash-associated disorder are the most common head and neck injuries and result from a sudden head or body acceleration. The head and neck injury potential is correlated with the awareness, level of muscle activation, and posture changes at the time of the perturbation. Environmental acoustic stimuli or a warning system can influence muscle activation and posture during a head perturbation. In this study, different acoustic stimuli, including Non-Directional, Directional, and Startle, were provided 1000 ms before a head impact, and the amplitude and timing of cervical muscle electromyographic (EMG) data were characterized based on the type of warning. The startle warning resulted in 49% faster and 80% greater EMG amplitude compared to the Directional and Non-Directional warnings after warning and before the impact. The post-impact peak EMG amplitudes in Unwarned trials were lower by 18 and 21% in the retraction and rebound muscle groups, respectively, compared to any of the warned conditions. When there was no warning before the impact, the retraction and rebound muscle groups also reached their maximum activation 38 and 54 ms sooner, respectively, compared to the warned trials. Based on these results, the intensity and complexity of information that a warning sound carries change the muscle response before and after a head impact and has implications for injury potential.