bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated cognitive‐behavioral intervention reduced alcohol use and perpetration of intimate partner violence in a man with alcohol dependence syndrome: A case study
Authors: Satyanarayana Veena A. , Krishnamachari Srinivasan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeavy alcohol use poses an increased risk for intimate partner violence. We present here a novel therapeutic treatment, integrated cognitive‐behavioral intervention (ICBI), a treatment approach for men with alcohol dependence who also perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV). ICBI includes a meaningful integration of cognitive‐behavioral and interpersonal therapy techniques. In this case study of an adult married male with alcohol dependence, who also self‐reported perpetration of IPV, we found that ICBI was an effective treatment approach not only in reducing alcohol consumption and perpetration of IPV but also in improving symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in his wife. Important limitations, however, were the short duration of follow‐up and concurrent pharmacological treatment. Salient aspects of psychotherapy process and outcome, indications for, and utility of integrated approaches to treatment are discussed.
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer: Oncogenic alterations, non‐coding RNAs, therapeutic opportunities, and the emerging role of nanoparticles
Authors: Sanaei Mohammad‐Javad , Baghery Saghchy Khorasani Ayda , Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Shahrokh Shabnam , Zali Mohammad Reza , Bashash Davood 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies worldwide. Several molecular pathways have been demonstrated to be involved in the initiation and development of CRC which among them, the overactivation of the phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR axis is of importance. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway affects CRC progression; and also, to summarize the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the oncogenic alterations and polymorphisms affecting this pathway in CRC. Besides, we provide a special focus on the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this malignancy. Questions on how this axis is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, in the induction of drug resistance, and the angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastasis are also responded. We also discussed the PI3K/Akt pathway‐associated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC. In addition, we provide a general overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition whether by chemical‐based drugs or by natural‐based medications in the context of CRC, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic agents; however, those treatments might have life‐threatening side effects and toxicities. To the best of our knowledge, the current review is one of the first ones highlighting the emerging roles of nanotechnology to overcome challenges related to CRC therapy in the hope that providing a promising platform for the treatment of CRC.
Global brain delivery of neuroligin 2 gene ameliorates seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy
Authors: Oguro Keiji , Shimazaki Kuniko , Yokota Hidenori , Onuki Yoshiyuki , Murashima Yoshiya , Kawai Kensuke , Muramatsu Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing availability of effective drugs, around one‐third of patients with epilepsy are still resistant to pharmacotherapy. Gene therapy has been suggested as a plausible approach to achieve seizure control, in particular for patients with focal epilepsy. Because seizures develop across wide spans of the brain in many forms of epilepsy, global delivery of the vectors is necessary to tackle such generalized seizures. Neuroligin 2 (NL2) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule that induces or strengthens inhibitory synaptic function by specifically combining with neurexin 1.MethodsIn the present study, we applied an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) type 9 vector expressing NL2 to modulate neuronal excitability in broad areas of the brain in epileptic (EL) mice, a model of polygene epilepsy. We administered the AAV vector expressing Flag‐tagged NL2 under the synapsin I promoter (AAV‐NL2) via cardiac injection 6 weeks after birth.ResultsSignificant reductions in the duration, strength and frequency of seizure were observed during a 14‐week observation period in NL2‐treated EL mice compared to untreated or AAV‐green fluorescent protein‐treated EL mice. No behavioral abnormality was observed in NL2‐treated EL mice in an open‐field test. Immunohistochemical examination at 14 weeks after AAV‐NL2 injection revealed the expression of exogenous NL2 in broad areas of the brain, including the hippocampus and, in these areas, NL2 co‐localized with postsynaptic inhibitory molecule gephyrin.ConclusionsGlobal brain delivery of NL2 by systemic administration of AAV vector may provide a non‐invasive therapeutic approach for generalized epilepsy.
Coupling solar radiation and cloud cover data for enhanced temperature predictions over topographically complex mountain terrain
Authors: Tscholl Simon , Tasser Erich , Tappeiner Ulrike , Egarter Vigl Lukas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFine‐scale climate information is critical to understand species–climate relationships. It is usually obtained by interpolating meteorological station data or by downscaling coarse‐gridded climate data. In mountain areas, however, the low station density and macroclimate variables used in coarse‐gridded climate products cannot reproduce fine‐scale variations caused by the complex topography and thus result in biased predictions of species responses to climate change. Here, we present an innovative method to estimate daily local air temperature at 100 m spatial resolution in the mountain region of South Tyrol (Central Alps, Italy), called the cloud‐corrected model. We introduce a correction factor that couples solar radiation and cloud cover data to improve air temperature predictions. Results are compared to models that either consider elevation only (lapse‐rate model) or elevation and solar radiation but not cloud cover (clear‐sky model) using a set of independent meteorological stations for validation. Moreover, all models were tested to predict critical phenological stages of the climate‐sensitive species Vitis vinifera. Over the vegetative period, the cloud‐corrected model significantly reduced the mean absolute error of predicted temperature compared with the lapse rate and clear‐sky model by 10 and 23%, respectively, and the bias by 93 and 90%, respectively. Solar radiation and cloud cover both strongly influenced local air temperature and their inclusion in temperature estimates greatly reduced systematic biases and improved predictions of important plant phenological stages by multiple days. Our method therefore provides a new way to include easily accessible topography and climate data into fine‐scale temperature predictions and accounts for important climate forcing factors that otherwise are often neglected. It combines efficiency and accuracy, because it limits data requirements but still operates on an ecologically relevant spatial scale. Thus, our approach offers promising opportunities to improve the understanding of species–climate relationships, especially in regions sensitive to the effects of climate change.
Case presentation and panel discussion: Cardiometabolic risk mitigation
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Patel Jayshil J. , Al‐Kazaz Mohamed , Garvey W. Timothy , Still Christopher D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity and adiposity‐related comorbidities has required a novel approach to cardiometabolic risk mitigation focused on the key mechanistic drivers of disease. The current manuscript presents the case of a 74‐year‐old male with obesity complicated by coronary artery disease, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and type 2 diabetes. Expert panelists discuss optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies focused on lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern, medications that target multiple drivers of disease, as well as procedural options.
Nutrition support for critically ill patients
Authors: Al‐Dorzi Hasan M. , Arabi Yaseen M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNutrition support is an important aspect of the management of critically ill patients. This review highlights the emerging evidence on critical care nutrition and focuses on the pathophysiologic interplay between critical illness, the gastrointestinal tract, and nutrition support and the evidence on the best route, dose, and timing of nutrition. Although indirect calorimetry is recommended to measure energy expenditure, predictive equations are commonly used but are limited by their inaccuracy in individual patients. The current evidence supports early enteral nutrition (EN) in most patients, with a gradual increase in the daily dose over the first week. Delayed EN is warranted in patients with severe shock. According to recent trials, parenteral nutrition seems to be as effective as EN and may be started if adequate EN is not achieved by the first week of critical illness. A high protein dose has been recommended, but the best timing is unclear. Immuno‐nutrition should not be routinely provided to critically ill patients. Patients receiving artificial nutrition should be monitored for metabolic derangements. Additional adequately powered studies are still needed to resolve many unanswered questions.
Regional therapy trials in peritoneal metastases: The path to standardization of care for gastric cancer
Authors: Badgwell Brian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs the peritoneum is the most common site of metastatic disease at diagnosis, disease identified at staging laparoscopy, and site of recurrence for patients with gastric cancer, intraperitoneal therapy has been an area of interest for many investigators. There are several ways to categorize the existing trials and studies. One is by indication, which includes palliative, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and prophylactic. Another is by treatment modality which includes approaches such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, intraperitoneal normothermic chemotherapy, and bidirectional combinations of systemic and intraperitoneal therapy. Recently completed and ongoing trials of peritoneal therapy in gastric cancer may be improving on the historically dismal survival rates for patients with carcinomatosis or disease at high risk of peritoneal recurrence. All completed randomized trials are from outside the United States, and additional studies of peritoneal therapy in Western populations are needed to clarify survival outcomes. Cooperative group trials and multi‐institutional registry study efforts are ongoing to help address this clear area of unmet need.
Breast cancer—The catalyst of contemporary trials design
Authors: Al‐Hilli Zahraa , Weiss Anna , Armani Ava , Boughey Judy C , Blair Sarah L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurgical trials in breast cancer have catalyzed contemporary trial design for solid organ cancers and are a prime example of surgeons taking the lead in clinical trial design. Surgeons have lead trials that have improved patient outcomes and quality of life without sacrificing oncologic safety. We have evolved from radical mastectomy to breast conservation and sentinel node biopsy. Contemporary trial design in breast cancer now focus on personalizing care based on tumor genomics
Melanoma trials that defined surgical management: Brief overview of current/upcoming adjuvant/neoadjuvant trials
Authors: Patel Ankit , Skitzki Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdjuvant systemic therapy for cutaneous melanoma has experienced practice‐changing shifts over the last decade. The successful results of immunotherapies and targeted therapies in the metastatic setting have allowed for investigative trials of the same therapies in the adjuvant and now neoadjuvant setting, with the potential for improved clinical outcomes in patients with high risk resected Stage III and IV melanoma.
Commentary on the Special Issue on Posttraumatic Stress and Suicide: Recognizing that simple things save lives
Authors: Rudd M. David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article offers commentary on the special issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress dedicated to posttraumatic stress and suicide, with a specific focus on practical recommendations that can be integrated into day‐to‐day clinical practice. Given the complexity of the myriad associations among posttraumatic stress symptoms, the nature of trauma, and suicidality demonstrated in the articles in this issue, it is important for practitioners to utilize evidence‐based approaches to clinical practice in order to be effective. The articles in this special issue offer findings that do just that, providing a foundation rich in practical applications to clinical work, including an understanding of potential mechanisms of action and related targeted interventions.
Effects of plan specificity and eveningness–morningness orientation on health goal pursuit
Authors: Sinha Jayati , Lu Fang‐Chi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtant research has identified several boundary conditions for the beneficial effects of planning in goal pursuit. The present research examines how consumers with morningness‐ (early birds) or eveningness‐orientation (night owls) benefit differentially from health goal planning. Specifically, three studies in an eating context show that early birds respond better to specific diet plans, while night owls respond better to general diet plans. Therefore, a match between plan specificity and one's eveningness–morningness orientation promotes self‐efficacy in carrying out the plans and the consequent health goal‐directed motivation and behaviors. The fourth study in an exercise context further reveals that individual differences in body mass index moderate the combined effect of plan specificity and eveningness–morningness orientation on health goal pursuit. Together, our findings provide practical implications by demonstrating how planning‐based interventions can motivate different consumer segments in health goal pursuit.
What makes products look premium? The impact of product convenience on premiumness perception
Authors: Cho Hyun Young , Lee Sue Hyun , Saini Ritesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of product convenience on premiumness perception. A comparative survey and four experiments confirm that products viewed as convenient are perceived as more premium than their less convenient counterparts. This effect persists even when the overall quality and preference of the convenient product is equivalent to a less convenient counterpart. The convenience–premiumness relationship is driven by perceptions of convenient products' manufacturers being more customer‐oriented. Moreover, the mediating effect of perceived customer orientation is stronger for consumers with higher productivity orientation, which suggests that the benefits obtained from convenient products are valued more by those who value efficient time management. Furthermore, our results confirm that convenience, besides influencing premiumness perceptions of the product, also positively influences downstream consumer behavior.
Convolution neural network toward Monte Carlo photon dose calculation in radiation therapy
Authors: Zhang Bailin , Liu Xiaowei , Chen Lixin , Zhu Jinhan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm has been widely accepted as the most accurate algorithm for dosimetric calculations under various conditions in radiotherapy. However, the calculation time remains an important obstacle hindering the routine use of MC in clinical settings. In this study, full MC three‐dimensional dose distributions were obtained with the inputs of the total energy release per unit mass (TERMA) distributions and the electron density (ED) distributions using a convolutional neural network (CNN). A new Dose‐mixup data augmentation routine and training strategy are proposed and applied in the training process. Attempts were made to reduce the calculation time while ensuring that the calculation accuracy is comparable to that of the MC.MethodsDatasets were generated via the MC with random rectangular field sizes, random iso‐centers, and random gantry angles for head and neck computed tomography (CT) images with Mohan 6‐MV spectrum photon beams. 1500 samples were generated for the training set, and 150 samples were generated for the validation set. The T‐MC Net model was obtained with the Dose‐mixup data augmentation routine. The new CTs were used to test the performance of the model in the rectangular fields and the intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) fields. The mean ± 95% confidence interval of gamma pass rates were calculated.ResultsFor 150 rectangular field test samples, the 1%/2 mm, 2%/2 mm, and 3%/2 mm criteria gamma pass rates were 90.11% ± 0.65%, 97.65% ± 0.31%, and 99.16% ± 0.19%, respectively. For the 100 IMRT field test samples, the 1%/2 mm, 2%/2 mm, and 3%/2 mm criteria gamma pass rates were 96.48% ± 0.28%, 99.14% ± 0.10%, and 99.63% ± 0.06%, respectively. For the 7‐fields IMRT plan, the 1%/2 mm, 2%/2 mm, and 3%/2 mm criteria gamma pass rates were 97.06%, 99.10%, and 99.52%, respectively. For the 9‐fields IMRT plan, the 1%/2 mm, 2%/2 mm, and 3%/2 mm criteria gamma pass rates were 98.16%, 99.61%, and 99.89%, respectively.ConclusionsThe feasibility of calculating dose distribution using a CNN with the TERMA three‐dimensional distribution and ED distribution was established. The dosimetric results were comparable to those of the full MC. The accuracy and speed of the proposed approach make it a potential solution for full MC in radiotherapy. This method may be used as an acceleration engine for the dose algorithm and shows great potential for cases where fast dose calculations are needed.
Macronutrients and energy in home‐prepared enteral tube feeding: Comparison between food composition table estimates, nutrition labels, and laboratory analysis
Authors: dos Santos Emilaine Ferreira , Xavier de Melo Vanessa , Ávila Suelen , de Araújo Marques Dengo Vitória , Dall'igna Ana Laura Aristides , Dziedicz Daniella Domingues , Stangarlin‐Fiori Lize , Schieferdecker Maria Eliana Madalozzo , Mary Rodrigues Ferreira Sila 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of home enteral nutrition depends on the supply and delivery of the prescribed nutrients. This study compared the macronutrient and energy values of home‐prepared enteral tube feeding analyzed in the laboratory with the same information calculated from labels and food composition tables.MethodsA total of 107 enteral formulations were analyzed: 66 commercial enteral formulas (CEFs), 19 homemade enteral preparations, and 22 blended enteral preparations (BEPs). The values of macronutrients and energy and the ratio between the values found in the laboratory and the calculated values were all evaluated. The tolerance limit of acceptable variation was 20%. The results were subjected to chemometric methods using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).ResultsIn the three categories of the enteral formulations, the calculated values for protein and fat were higher than those obtained in the laboratory. The calculated values for energy were higher than those obtained in the laboratory for the BEPs and CEFs. The CEFs had the highest percentage within the limit of acceptable variation for carbohydrate and protein, whereas the BEPs presented the lowest values for fat and energy. In the exploratory analysis of data using PCA and HCA, it was possible to verify similarities and discrepancies between the enteral formulations analyzed in the laboratory with those calculated from the labels and food composition tables.ConclusionThe enteral formulations showed differences between the values of macronutrients and energy analyzed in the laboratory and those calculated from labels and/or food composition tables.
Impact of illumination and encapsulant resistivity on polarization‐type potential‐induced degradation on n‐PERT cells
Authors: Habersberger Brian M. , Hacke Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPower loss caused by polarization‐type potential‐induced degradation (PID‐p) in a variety of high‐performance photovoltaic cell types has been observed to be recoverable via subsequent illumination and in some cases preventable via simultaneous illumination. In this report, we describe the results of a study in which the front faces of n‐PERT cells encapsulated in polymers with a broad range of electrical resistivity were exposed to varying and controlled irradiance during PID testing. For a low resistivity ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer encapsulant, no reduction in the rate or extent of power loss was observed for irradiance as high as 1,000 W/m2, whereas for high and intermediate resistivity polyolefin encapsulants, 100 and 300 W/m2, respectively, prevented power loss. We introduce a simple model based on charge accumulation that facilitates interpretation of these results whereby degradation via charge accumulation under voltage stress and recovery due to light exposure are opposing and interdependent phenomena that describe the susceptibility of a module to power loss.
Bullied, bystanders, and perpetrators in the workplace: The role of empathy in teachers and school leaders' experiences
Authors: Mazzone Angela , Pitsia Vasiliki , Karakolidis Anastasios , O'Higgins Norman James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the experiences of workplace bullying among primary and postprimary school staff in Ireland. A sample of 630 teachers and members of the Senior Management Team (SMT) completed an online survey inquiring about their own experiences of bullying in the workplace, as targets, bystanders, and perpetrators. Information about respondents' perspective taking, empathic concern, personal distress, and demographic background was also collected. Results of the ordinal regression analysis showed a negative association of perspective taking with victimisation and bystander behaviour. In addition, respondents belonging to an SMT reported experiencing victimisation more frequently than teachers, while victimisation experiences and witnessing bullying were more common in postprimary than primary schools. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of providing awareness and training programmes to school staff.
Self‐Assembly of Hollow, Pompon‐Like and Nanosheet‐Structured Carbon Nitride for Photodegradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
Authors: Geng Aixia , Lin Hao , Zhao Yanxi , Xu Xuelian , Xiao Ping , Lv Kangle , Zhu Junjiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA hollow pompon‐like carbon nitride (hp‐CN), composed of nanosheets, is prepared and used for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The synthesis is done by a supramolecular self‐assembly method, using melamine and cyanuric acid as precursors. The hollow pompon‐like morphology and nanosheet structure promote both the textural (e.g., crystallinity, surface area) and electronic properties (e.g., electron–hole separation efficiency, number of excited electrons, and impedance) of hp‐CN, compared to these of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) synthesized by direct polycondensation of melamine. The hp‐CN‐6 (heating for 6 h) is highly active for photodegradation of TC, with 96.3% conversion obtained within 15 min when conducted at pH 1.86, and no appreciable activity loss is detected within 4 cycles. Quenching experiments suggest that superoxide radicals (•O2−) are the primary active reaction species. A comparison in the activity of hp‐CN‐6 and g‐CN for photocatalytic TC degradation is made, and a possible mechanism is proposed.