bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of elastic spin with chiral meta-sources
Authors: Yuan Weitao , Yang Chenwen , Zhang Danmei , Long Yang , Pan Yongdong , Zhong Zheng , Chen Hong , Zhao Jinfeng , Ren Jie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Directional routing of one-way classical wave has raised tremendous interests about spin-related phenomena in topological metamaterials. This sparks specifically the elastic wave study of synthesizing pseudo-spin degree-of-freedom in meta-structures for implementing topological phononic devices to perform robust elastic wave manipulations. Unlike pseudo-spin in mathematical sense, the physically intrinsic spin angular momentum of elastic wave is predicted quite recently which exhibits selective excitation of unidirectional wave propagation even in conventional solids. However, due to the grand challenge of building up chiral elastic sources, the experimental observation of intrinsic spin of elastic wave and relevant properties is still missing. Here, we successfully measure the elastic spin in two typical elastic modes, i.e. Rayleigh and Lamb waves, by adopting the elaborately designed chiral meta-sources that excite locally rotating displacement polarizations. In both systems, we observe the unidirectional routing of chiral elastic waves, characterize the different elastic spins along different directions, and demonstrate the spin-momentum locking in broad frequency ranges. We also find the selective one-way Lamb wave carries opposite elastic spin on two plate surfaces in additional to the source chirality. The observation of elastic spin and related intriguing phenomena paves a new way for chiral elasticity, miniature on-chip devices, and spin-sensitive sensors.
What Is the Optimal Strategy for Drain Removal After Mastectomy and Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients? A Multicentre, Three-arm Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wen Nan , Ouyang Chibin , Hu xiaoxia , Hou Lingmi , He Liqiong , Liu Chaodong , Xie Yanyan , Du Zhenggui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe best strategy for drain removal after mastectomy and axillary surgery in breast cancer patients has remained controversial. We conducted a multicentre, three-arm randomized clinical trial to determine the optimal strategy.MethodsA total of 187 eligible breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy and axillary surgery were randomized into 10 ml (n=62), 20 ml (n=63) and 30 ml (n=63) groups for drain removal on the first day when the output decreased to corresponding volume/24 h. The drain duration, total drain duration, incidence of seroma, quality of life (QoL), outpatient visit times, healthcare costs and postoperative complications were evaluated.ResultsThe median axillary drain durations and total drain durations were all significantly different between three groups (both p<0.001). The incidences of seroma were 31.1%, 38.3% and 52.1%, and the difference between the 30 ml and 10 ml groups was significant (RR=2.41). 20 ml group reported significantly better QoL in terms of physical functioning (PF) at the 2-week (30 ml vs 20 ml, HR:-14.18) and 3-week (20 ml vs 10 ml, HR: 11.65) follow-up and role functioning (RF) at the 2-week follow-up (20 ml vs 10 ml, HR: 18.15). No between-group differences were found in QoL, outpatient visits, costs or complications.ConclusionThe 20 ml group had a moderate drain duration, total drain duration and incidence of seroma but a significant advantage over the other two groups in terms of PF and RF, with relatively low outpatient costs and comparable postoperative complication rates. These findings could aid in clinical decision-making regarding drain removal timing.
miR-186-5p Prevents Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Targeting METTL3 to Regulate m6A-Mediated Stabilization of FSTL5
Authors: Zhang DengYong , Chen FangFang , Ma ShuoShuo , Zhou YongChun , Sun Wanliang , Wang Dongdong , Chang ShiRu , Lu Zheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) processes in multi-steps which involves the sophisticated interactions of genetics, epigenetics, and transcriptional changes. According to before investigations, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-mediated m6A modification regulates the development of various cancers by regulating gene stability. However, the studies focusing on miRNA’s regulatory effect of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on HCC progression are still limited. Methods: Immunochemistry (IHC) staining detected the histopathological changes in the tumor tissues. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, and transwell assay investigated the changes in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The RNA m6A level was confirmed by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation. The RNA stability assay indicated the half-life (t1/2) of RNA in HCC cells. The prognosis of the indicated patients’ cohort was analyzed using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) datasets. Luciferase report analysis was used to study the potential binding between microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA. A mice tumor transplant model was further established to study the changes in tumor progression. Results: Follistatin-like 5 (FSTL5) was found to be significantly downregulated in HCC, and it inhibited the further progression of HCC. The RNA stability analysis indicated that the mRNA t1/2 gene of HCC cells was shortened. Besides, METTL3 reduced the stability of FSTL5 mRNA in a m6A-YTH domain family 2(YTHDF2)-dependent manner. Functional experiments revealed that the downregulated METTL3 inhibited the HCC progression by up-regulating FSTL5 in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase report analysis confirmed that miR-186-5p directly targeted the METTL3. Additionally, miR-186-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by downregulating METTL3. We identified that miR-186-5p prevented the HCC progression by targeting METTL3 to regulate m6A-mediated FSTL5 stabilization. Conclusions: The miR-186-5p/METTL3/YTHDF2/FSTL5 axis perhaps point out a new direction for the targeted therapy of HCC.
RSHL: a Ranging and Speed Measurement Method by Jointing Hyperbolic Frequency Modulation and Linear Frequency Modulation
Authors: Liu Peng , Song Caixia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the waveform design, the distance measurement and resolution are a pair of irreconcilable contradictions. Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) can alleviate this contradiction. LFM is widely used in radar and sonar, however, its Doppler tolerance is not ideal. Hyperbolic Frequency Modulation (HFM) signal has a particularly strong tolerance towards Doppler frequency shift. However, when the unidirectionally modulated HFM signal is in distance measurement, the Doppler delay of the matched filtering output cannot be eliminated, and there is a ranging error. After the echo signal of the combined HFM+LFM signal is matched filtering, the Doppler-induced delay is the same but opposite in direction, and the delay is closely related to the frequency, bandwidth, and pulse width of the transmitted signal. By using the combined signals, the ranging error in the ranging of single modulated HFM signal or LFM signal can be eliminated. In this paper, a Ranging and Speed measurement method by jointing Hyperbolic frequency modulation and Linear frequency modulation (RSHL) is proposed, which employs the same frequency band of positive and negative frequency modulation signals for speed measurement and ranging. In RSHL method, the signal parameters of the combined LFM+HFM signal can be set independently and no longer depend on each other. Therefore, the pulse width and frequency band in the combined LFM+HFM signal can be controlled independently, which can optimize the transmission signal form, reduce the operation cost, improve the measurement accuracy, and make full use of frequency band resources or pulse width resources.
Investigating the Age of Becoming a Smoker and Its Related Factors Among Student Population: a Web-based Study
Authors: Habibi Peyman , Shekari Farhad , mohammadpoorasl Asghar , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Gilani Neda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Preventing smoking at an early age is one of the primary solutions to reduce the likelihood of becoming a smoker in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the age of becoming a smoker and its related factors and to assess the change in the age trend of becoming a smoker among students in Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was performed from July to August 2019 in Tabriz, Iran. A proportional cluster sampling in all universities of the city was implemented, according to the number of students in each university. The data were collected from 3640 students via an online survey questionnaire. Data analyses were performed by using Stata (version 16). The statistical level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The average (±SD) age of becoming a smoker in the students was 18.8 (6 2.6) years. The age of becoming a smoker has decreased over time. A linear regression model showed that male and undergraduate students become smokers 0.77 and 0.50 years earlier than other students, respectively (P <0.001). Older age, being single, and later smoking initiation increase the average age of becoming a smoker by 0.2 years, 0.77 years, and 0.54 years, respectively (P <0.001).Conclusion: The age of becoming a smoker has decreased over time. Prevention programs should target males and undergraduate students. Furthermore, since students have become smokers earlier than their peers in the past, there is a direct relationship between smoking initiation and the age of becoming a smoker.
Decision rules for determining terrestrial movement and the consequences for filtering high-resolution GPS tracks – A case study using the African Lion (Panthera leo)
Authors: Gunner Richard Michael , Wilson Rory P , Holton Mark D , Hopkins Phil , Bell Stephen H , Marks Nikki J , Bennett Nigel C , Ferreira Sam , Govender Danny , Viljoen Pauli , Bruns Angela , Schalkwyk O. Louis van , Bertelsen Mads F , Duarte Carlos M , Rooyen Martin C van , Tambling Craig J , Goppert Aoife , Diesel Delmar , Scantlebury D. Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The combined use of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and motion sensors within the discipline of movement ecology has increased over recent years. This is particularly the case for instrumented wildlife, with many studies now opting to record parameters at high (infra-second) sampling frequency. However, the detail with which GPS loggers can elucidate fine-scale movement depends on the precision and accuracy of fixes, with accuracy (specifically, location error and fix success rate) being affected by signal reception. We hypothesised that animal behaviour was the main factor affecting fix inaccuracy (particularly for collar-mounted tags sampling at high frequency). In conjunction to this, inherent GPS positional noise (‘jitter’), would be most apparent during GPS fixes for non-moving locations, thereby producing disproportionate error during rest periods. A Movement Verified Filtering (MVF) protocol was constructed to compare GPS-derived speed data to dynamic body acceleration (DBA). This was collected by a simultaneously deployed tri-axial accelerometer, to provide a computationally quick method for identifying genuine travelling movement. This method was tested on 11 free-ranging lions ( Panthera leo ) within the Kgalagadi Transfrontier park in the Kalahari Desert, fitted with collar-mounted GPS units and tri-axial motion sensors (Daily Diary; DD) recording at 1 and 40 Hz, respectively. The findings support the hypothesis and show that distance moved estimates were, on average, overestimated by > 80 % prior to GPS screening. We present the conceptual and mathematical protocols for screening fix inaccuracy within high resolution GPS datasets. We demonstrate the importance that MVF has for avoiding inaccurate and biased estimates of movement and caution the accuracy of findings from previous studies that employed minimal GPS pre-processing . Throughout, we address the applicability of comparing fine-scale indices of GPS- and motion sensor-borne data in tandem to qualify animal behaviour.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RBCK1 Promotes The Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma By Destroying The PPARγ/PGC1α Complex
Authors: Xu Zheng , Shao Jun , Zhang Wenming , Liu Xiuxia , Zhang Shouhua , Du Yunyan , Yan Xia , Xu Debin , Peng Xiaogang , Chen Leifeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The disruption of tumour cell metabolism can inhibit tumour metastasis, indicating that aerobic glycolysis is central to tumour development. However, the key factors responsible for mediating aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Methods: This study investigated the function and clinical significance of RBCK1 protein expression in HCC. We analyzed RBCK1 expression from the TCGA-LIHC dataset and surgical specimens of 216 HCC patients. The correlation between the clinical characteristics and prognosis was also determined. Furthermore, over-expression and knockdown experiments of RBCK1 were developed to explore their effects on HCC cell migration, invasion and aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, a molecular mechanism of RBCK1 promotes HCC metastasis was explored.Results: Here, we observed that RBCK1 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues. Our clinical study showed that high RBCK1 expression significantly correlated with poor tumour survival and distant invasion. Functional assays using HCC cells revealed that RBCK1 promoted migration and invasion by enhancing the Warburg effect, and that GLUT1 was critical for RBCK1-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, RBCK1-mediated regulation of WNT/β-catenin/GLUT1 pathway-induced HCC cell migration and aerobic glycolysis was dependent on the destruction of the PPARγ/PGC1α complex. Mechanistically, RBCK1 promoted PPARγ ubiquitination and degradation, causing RBCK1 overexpression to enhance the transcriptional activity of WNT/β-catenin. This consequently upregulated the expression of GLUT1-mediated aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells, promoting tumour cell metastasis and invasion.Conclusion: Altogether, our findings identify a mechanism used by HCC cells to survive the nutrient-poor tumour microenvironment and also provide insight into the role of RBCK1 in HCC cell adaptation to metabolic stresses.
Differential Effects of Elevated Nest Temperature and Parasitism on the Gut Microbiota of Wild Avian Hosts
Authors: Ingala Melissa R , Albert Lauren , Addesso Alyssa , Watkins Mackenzie J. , Knutie Sarah A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Changes in wild animal gut microbiotas may influence host health and fitness. While many studies have shown correlations between gut microbiota structure and external factors, few studies demonstrate causal links between environmental variables and microbiota shifts. Here, we use a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of elevated ambient temperature and natural nest parasitism by nest flies (Protocalliphora sialia) on the microbiotas of two species of wild birds, the eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor).Results: We find that bacterial communities from the nestlings of each host species show differential response to both heat and parasitism, with gut microbiotas of eastern bluebirds more disrupted by heat and parasitism than those of tree swallows. Thus, we find that eastern bluebirds are unable to maintain stable associations with their gut bacteria in the face of both elevated temperature and parasitism. In contrast, tree swallow gut microbiotas are not significantly impacted by either heat or nest parasitism.Conclusions: Our results suggest that excess heat (e.g., as a result of climate change) may destabilize natural host-parasite-microbiota systems, with the potential to affect host fitness and survival in the anthropocene.
Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Lianhua Qingwen) for Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: He YongHong , Qiang Li , Wang SongPing , Deng Jun , Huan Lan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) had become an epidemic and spread across the world, lead to severe respiratory failure and death. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), Such as Lianhua Qingwen has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine(Lianhua Qingwen) in COVID-19 pneumonia from the randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and case control studies(CCSs).Method: we search the literatures in databases inculding PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), setting the date from December 1, 2019, to June 1, 2021, Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials. All analyses were conducted by Stata 14.0.Results: nine studies with 1163 patients(616males) were included, six were RCTs, three are CCSs. Compared with patients treated by western medicine alone, patients treated by Lianhua Qingwen combined with western medicine have a higher overall effective rate[RR=1.20, 95%CI1.20(1.11, 1.31), P=0.000], cardinal symptom disappearance rate[disappearance rate of fever: OR:3.64, 95%CI(1.57, 8.47), P=0.001;disappearance rate of cough: OR:1.97, 95%CI(1.45, 2.68), P=0.001; disappearance rate of fatigue: OR:2.55, 95%CI(1.09, 5.99), P=0.032] and CT recovery rate[RR:1.25, 95%CI(1.13,1.38), P=0.000], reduce the rate of the progress into severe diseases of COVID-19 patients[RR:0.43, 95%CI(0.30, 0.62), P=0.000], with more shorter duration of fever[WMD=-1.07，95%CI(-1.77, -0.37), P=0.003], The including studies described that Lianhua Qingwen did not increase the adverse drug reactions.Conclusion: Lianhua Qingwen may have advantages in improving the clinical effective rate and cardinal symptom disappearance rate. Besides, it also had an excellent effect on the improvement of the chest CT and the proportion reducing of progress into severe clinical disease, which could be used as an effective therapy for COVID-19.
Quantify each Dendritic Cell Subsets along with Normal Thymus Tissues in Different Ages
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Pei , Huang Hao , Feng Huiyu , Ran Hao , Liu Weibin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) in the thymus are involved in central tolerance formation, but they also play other roles in the thymus. In this study, thymuses of different ages were collected for observation after tissue sectioning and staining. The area of cortex and medulla parts of the thymus in the sections and the density of different subsets of DCs in the thymus were also calculated. ResultsWe found that, along with the increasing age, the thymic cortex atrophies faster, leading to a gradual rise in the medullary's surface area ratio to that of the cortex with an increase in age. The medullary's surface area ratio to cortex can be used as an indirect reference to reflect the thymus hyperplasia. The density of DCs in the thymus showed different changes with the increasing age, and the density of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in the thymus gradually increased with aging, suggesting that pDCs may play an essential role in the thymus in addition to central tolerance.Conclusions﻿These findings complement our knowledge about the DCs’ subsets in the thymus along with physical ageing and help us understand the full function of DCs in the thymus beyond central tolerance.
Comprehensive Longitudinal Analysis of the Five Sisters Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park Reveals a Dynamic Thermoalkaline Environment
Authors: Peach Jesse T , Mueller Rebecca C , Skorupa Dana J , Mesle Margaux M , Kanta Sutton , Boltinghouse Eric , Sharon Bailey , Copiè Valerie , Bothner Brian , Peyton Brent M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research focused on microbial populations of thermoalkaline springs has been driven in a large part by the lure of discovering functional enzymes with industrial applications in high-pH and high temperature environments. However, the fundamental ecology of these springs has largely been overlooked. To better understand the functional outcomes of interactions between the geochemistry and the microbial community of thermoalkaline springs, we conducted a three-year study of the Five Sisters (FS) springs that included high-resolution geochemical measurements, 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal community, and mass spectrometry based extracellular and intracellular small molecule characterization. By combining all four datasets, we completed a comprehensive analysis of the intricate thermoalkaline spring system. Over the course of the study, the microbial population responded to changing environmental conditions, with archaeal populations decreasing in both relative abundance and diversity when compared to bacterial populations. Decreases in the relative abundance of Archaea were associated with environmental changes that included decreased availability of specific nitrogen and sulfur containing extracellular small molecules. The multi-factorial analysis suggests a complex and dynamic environment with an elastic microbial community that responded to geochemical and extracellular small molecule transitions.
Improvement of Surface Quality based on Magnetorheological Fluids Flexible Fixture During Milling Thin-walled Parts
Authors: Zhang Yong , Gao Shan , Yang Ning , Jiang Xiaohui , Zhao Guokuan , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aerospace thin-walled parts have the characteristics of low stiffness and complex structure, which are easily deformed by machine tool vibration, cutting force and heat during machining. The traditional fixture is in point contact with the workpiece, and the workpiece bears uneven force, which results in poor surface quality and low precision of the part. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the machining efficiency and surface quality of workpiece. According to the performance of magnetorheological fluid, a magnetorheological flexible fixture is designed to completely wrap the parts so as to make them bear uniform force, improve the stiffness of the system and inhibit flutter. Firstly, the stiffness distribution of thin-walled parts, flexible fixtures and fixture-workpiece system is studied in this paper. It can be seen that the symmetrical center stiffness of magnetorheological flexible fixtures is relatively low. Through milling experiments with single process parameters, it is found that when the rotational speed, cutting depth and feed speed change, the composite clamping effect is better than the traditional clamping effect, in which with the increase of rotational speed, the vibration acceleration in Ax, Ay and Az directions decreases by 25.16%, 26.87% and 10.78% respectively; When the cutting depth increases, Ay decreases by 23.12% at the maximum. When the feed speed changes, it decreases by 15.78%. Finally, based on the case of milling thin-walled parts with magnetorheological flexible fixture, it is obtained that the coaxiality of composite clamped thin-walled parts decreases by 13.85%, and the maximum decrease of cylindricity is 36.73%. Roughness value Rz decreases by 80.47% at the maximum. In summary, the above results have verified that the machining quality of the magnetorheological flexible fixture is better.