bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytosine methylation of the FWA promoter promotes direct in vitro shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Dai Xuehuan , Wang Jing , Song Yuguang , Liu Zhenhua , Xue Tao , Qiao Meng , Yu Yanchong , Xin Wei , Xiang Fengning 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTEpigenetic modifications within promoter sequences can act as regulators of gene expression. Shoot regeneration is influenced by both DNA methylation and histone methylation, but the mechanistic basis of this regulation is obscure. Here, we identified 218 genes related to the regeneration capacity of callus that were differentially transcribed between regenerable calli (RC) and non‐regenerable calli (NRC) in Arabidopsis thaliana. An analysis of the promoters of five of the differentially expressed genes (FWA, ACC1, TFL1, MAX3, and GRP3) pointed to an inverse relationship between cytosine methylation and transcription. The FWA promoter was demethylated and highly expressed in NRC, whereas it was methylated and expressed at low levels in RC. Explants of the hypomethylation mutants fwa‐1 and fwa‐2 showed strong levels of FWA expression and regenerated less readily than the wild type, suggesting that FWA inhibits direct in vitro shoot regeneration. WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX 9 (WOX9), which is required for shoot apical meristem formation, was directly repressed by FWA. Overexpressing WOX9 partly rescued the shoot regeneration defect of fwa‐2 plants. These findings suggest that cytosine methylation of the FWA promoter forms part of the regulatory system governing callus regenerability and direct in vitro shoot regeneration.
Kainate receptor modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the CA2 region of the hippocampus
Authors: Falcón‐Moya Rafael , Martínez‐Gallego Irene , Rodríguez‐Moreno Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKainate (KA) receptors (KARs) are important modulators of synaptic transmission. We studied here the role of KARs on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the CA2 region of the hippocampus where the actions of these receptors are unknown. We observed that KA depresses glutamatergic synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral‐CA2 synapses; an effect that was antagonized by NBQX (a KA/AMPA receptors antagonist) under condition where AMPA receptors were previously blocked. The study of paired‐pulse facilitation ratio, miniature responses, and fluctuation analysis indicated a presynaptic locus of action for KAR. Additionally, we determined the action mechanism for this depression of glutamate release mediated by the activation of KARs. We found that inhibition of protein kinase A suppressed the effect of KAR activation on evoked excitatory post‐synaptic current, an effect that was not suppressed by protein kinase C inhibitors. Furthermore, in the presence of Pertussis toxin, the depression of glutamate release mediated by KAR activation was not present, invoking the participation of a Gi/o protein in this modulation. Finally, the KAR‐mediated depression of glutamate release was not suppressed by treatments that affect calcium entry trough voltage‐dependent calcium channels or calcium release from intracellular stores. We conclude that KARs present at these synapses mediate a depression of glutamate release through a mechanism that involves the activation of G protein and protein kinase A.
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The finance‐growth nexus enigma: Bringing in institutional context and the productiveness debate
Authors: Itaman Richard E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys the literature on the relationship between finance and growth, from the initial simple correlation through debates on causality and channels of impact to the more recent threshold analysis. The gaps in the revisionism regarding the relationship between finance and growth are critically teased out, not least neglect of the effects of speculative finance in developing countries where a positive nexus continues to hold sway in the threshold analysis. The paper argues that the literature has focused on pursuit of a positive nexus, with inadequate attention to institutional context, which is prerequisite for enhancing a positive relationship. It has also narrowed drastically the complexity of cause and effect and ignored broader analytical approaches to the relationship between finance and growth. The classical political economy debate on finance productiveness is drawn upon, in which positive contribution is based on real output, as a critical point of departure for why greater emphasis ought to be placed on institutional context to enhance the contribution of finance to growth.
Double Trouble: Containing Public Disapproval Arising from an Interplay of Stigmatized Categories
Authors: Tsui‐Auch Lai Si , Huang Dongdong , Yang Jun Jie , Koh Si Zheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study addresses the question of how interplays of stigmatized categories might trigger public disapproval and stigma response strategies. We develop two categories: possession of network ties with home‐country governments and market entry into salient industries in target nations. Based on a comparative study of four Chinese firms’ acquisitions in the United States and Australia, we show that (1) firms face different levels of disapproval amid differing interplays of the stigmatized categories and that (2) each firm adopts a distinctive response strategy. Our study contributes to the organizational stigma literature by theorizing about the relationships of categories’ interplays, disapproval levels, and stigma responses. It also adds to the embeddedness perspective by providing an argument for the socio‐political liabilities of strong ties, and it contributes to international business studies on exploring a theme of geopolitics and stigmatization of firms. Finally, it offers research directions relating to these fields of inquiry.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining peer support in kidney care
Authors: Wood Eleri , Trasolini Andrew , Thomas Nicola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeer support offers informational, appraisal and emotional support for people with kidney disease, is recommended in national policy, yet has low engagement levels. This paper reports results of a national survey and qualitative interviews in the UK with the aim of increasing understanding of peer support availability and its barriers and facilitators.Literature ReviewA recent narrative review highlighted the barriers and facilitators to peer support uptake among people with kidney disease however called on further studies to be conducted.Material and MethodsThe survey, adapted from a 2012 version, was sent to all 83 UK kidney units. Semistructured interviews were conducted with staff, recipients and supporters from two units.ResultsForty‐four units completed the survey, and 10 staff, 7 patients and 2 peer supporters were interviewed. The most common facilitators were promotion with staff and having peer support champions. Barriers included lack of staff time, guidance/information, other projects taking priority and too few supporters.DiscussionLittle progress has been made since 2012; a proportion of units without peer support remains significant, with similar barriers identified in 2020. Services could be designed to limit the time needed for their creation and maintenance through having simpler referrals and designating staff liaisons.Implications for Clinical PracticePeer support programmes should have passionate staff and volunteers, involve recipients in the design, recruit an array of supporters and establish evaluations to determine the progress/outcomes. A resource toolkit was developed in response to this project.ConclusionFindings from the national survey and qualitative interviews showed that more peer support optimisation and prioritisation is needed to ensure benefits are maximised.
Selective symmetrical necrotizing encephalopathy secondary to primary mitochondrial disorder in a cat
Authors: Dell'Era Elena , Polidori Margherita , Bernardini Marco , Capomaccio Stefano , Cappelli Katia , Balducci Federica , Mandara Maria T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old female cat was referred for progressive neurological signs indicative of involvement of the prosencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem. Magnetic resonance imaging identified multifocal, bilateral, symmetrical lesions with strong contrast enhancement, affecting multiple areas of the brain. Neuropathology at necropsy showed demyelination, necrotic lesions, spongiosis, and neuropil edema with reactive astrogliosis and neovascularization. Ultrastructural study indicated mitochondrial polymorphism. Genetic investigations outlined 2 polymorphisms within the tRNA‐Leu(UUR) gene of mitochondrial DNA. Imaging and neuropathological findings were consistent with selective symmetrical necrotizing encephalopathy, for which genetic investigations support mitochondrial pathogenesis.
Structural diversity and tree density drives variation in the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship of woodlands and savannas
Authors: Godlee John L. , Ryan Casey M. , Bauman David , Bowers Samuel J. , Carreiras Joao M. B. , Chisingui Antonio Valter , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Druce Dave J. , Finckh Manfred , Gonçalves Francisco Maiato , Holdo Ricardo M. , Makungwa Steve , McNicol Iain M. , Mitchard Edward T. A. , Muchawona Anderson , Revermann Rasmus , Ribeiro Natasha Sofia , Siampale Abel , Syampungani Stephen , Tchamba José João , Tripathi Hemant G. , Wallenfang Johannes , te Beest Mariska , Williams Mathew , Dexter Kyle G. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Positive biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships (BEFRs) have been widely documented, but it is unclear if BEFRs should be expected in disturbance‐driven systems. Disturbance may limit competition and niche differentiation, which are frequently posited to underlie BEFRs. We provide the first exploration of the relationship between tree species diversity and biomass, one measure of ecosystem function, across southern African woodlands and savannas, an ecological system rife with disturbance from fire, herbivores and humans.

We used > 1000 vegetation plots distributed across 10 southern African countries and structural equation modelling to determine the relationship between tree species diversity and above‐ground woody biomass, accounting for interacting effects of resource availability, disturbance by fire, tree stem density and vegetation type.

We found positive effects of tree species diversity on above‐ground biomass, operating via increased structural diversity. The observed BEFR was highly dependent on organismal density, with a minimum threshold of c. 180 mature stems ha−1. We found that water availability mainly affects biomass indirectly, via increasing species diversity.

The study underlines the close association between tree diversity, ecosystem structure, environment and function in highly disturbed savannas and woodlands. We suggest that tree diversity is an under‐appreciated determinant of wooded ecosystem structure and function.
Magical realism is the language of the emergent Post‐Truth world
Authors: Hart Stephen Malcolm , Hart Jordan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing on a number of new readings of ‘Post‐Truth’, defined as ‘Relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief’, our essay interrogates the extent to which magical realism may be understood as the paradigmatic and quintessential discourse of the Post‐Truth era. We paraphrase Homi Bhabha’s famous statement, made in the 1990s, that ‘magical realism is the language of the emergent postcolonial world’, and propose that, in the twenty‐first century, magical realism is the language of the emergent Post‐Truth world. In this essay we analyze and compare the Post‐Truth techniques used in novels such as García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude, Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Mo Yan’s Big Breasts and Wide Hips and Murakami’s 1Q84. We combine Matthew d’Ancona’s robust call that we should fight against the follies of political Post‐Truth with Anne Hegerfeldt’s argument that magical realism is designed to teach the general public how to read between the lines of politicians’ speeches in order to become a mature defender of truth, and therefore propose that the magical‐realist novelist, in effect, ends up telling ‘lies that tell the truth’.
An alternative approach for lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection—Far lateral approach
Authors: Liu Jui‐Hsuan , Soo Cheng‐Wei , Lin Ying‐Chun , Lin Chia‐Shiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is one of the nonoperative interventions for lower back pain. In this study, we presented an alternative approach for TFESI, far lateral lateral recess TFESI (FLLR TFESI), which is targeted on lateral recess and anterior epidural space in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylosis‐related radiculopathy.TechniqueUnder fluoroscopy, needle entry site and pathway are drawn according to the spinal anatomy. The needle is advanced toward the lateral recess and the needle tip is placed medially to the medial border of the pedicle under anteroposterior view and posteriorly to the posterior border of the upper endplate under lateral view. After checking optimal contrast spread, steroids and local anesthetics are injected.Case IllustrationAn 86‐year‐old woman who suffered from lower back pain with radiculopathy received interventional treatment. Comparing the “traditional” supraneural approach with the FLLR approach, the difference in contrast enhancement to lateral recess is clearly shown.DiscussionCompared to the pre‐existing approaches, the FLLR approach may provide better ventral epidural and lateral recess enhancement. Furthermore, with the advanced needle tip, the injectate may enhance not only the at‐level nerve root but also the nerve root of adjacent level during their existence in a single injection. With blunt needle usage, no nerve root injury or dura puncture was noted so far.ConclusionFLLR TFESI is a modified fluoroscopic technique targeted on lateral recess and anterior epidural space. However, subsequent trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in pain reduction and the rate of complications.
A restatement of expected comparative utility theory: A new theory of rational choice under risk
Authors: Robert David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I argue for a new normative theory of rational choice under risk, namely expected comparative utility (ECU) theory. I first show that for any choice option, a, and for any state of the world, G, the measure of the choiceworthiness of a in G is the comparative utility (CU) of a in G—that is, the difference in utility, in G, between a and whichever alternative to a carries the greatest utility in G. On the basis of this principle, I then argue that for any agent, S, faced with any decision under risk, S should rank his or her decision options (in terms of how choiceworthy they are) according to their comparative expected comparative utility (CECU) and should choose whichever option carries the greatest CECU. For any option, a, a’s CECU is the difference between its ECU and that of whichever alternative to a carries the greatest ECU, where a’s ECU is a probability‐weighted sum of a’s CUs across the various possible states of the world. I lastly demonstrate that in some ordinary decisions under risk, ECU theory delivers different verdicts from those of standard decision theory.
An overview of jellyfish aquaculture: for food, feed, pharma and fun
Authors: Duarte Inês Matos , Marques Sónia Cotrim , Leandro Sérgio Miguel , Calado Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterest on jellyfish research has significantly increased over the last two decades, mostly driven by the potential benefits of their high‐end uses. Recent efforts have been put forward towards the commercial use of scyphozoan jellyfish, although the pipeline leading to their full exploitation is still at an early stage of development. Indeed, further research and several technical advances are still required to expand the use of these bioresources to a larger and more sustainable scale. Here, we describe the state of the art of culture systems already available to farm these organisms throughout the different stages of their life cycle and provide an overview of the potential applications of jellyfish aquaculture for food, feed, as source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and other biotechnological applications, as well as to supply the marine aquarium trade. Overall, this work aims to raise awareness on the relevance that jellyfish will likely play on the development of sustainable blue bioeconomy frameworks fostering a sustainable valorisation of marine living resources.
Parotid saliva 1H‐NMR analysis for colon cancer metabolomics: A case report
Authors: Rovera Angela , Hector Mark , Anderson Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA key priority in colon cancer research is the identification of molecular biomarkers to improve early diagnosis, guide prognosis, and the design of new therapeutic approaches. Saliva is a powerful diagnostic biofluid that can be used to detect systemic alterations. This study aimed to investigate the parotid saliva (PS) metabolic Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H‐NMR) profile of a patient diagnosed with colon cancer, and the subsequent changes 1 year after the end of chemotherapy.Case reportWe describe the 1H‐NMR PS spectrum of a 65‐year‐old woman diagnosed with colon cancer (G3 pT3 pN1c) (T0), and the changes in the spectrum from PS collected 1 year after the end of chemotherapy (XELOX: capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) (T1). The data was co‐analyzed with blood test cancer antigens (S‐CEA; S‐CA19‐9) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) measurements obtained simultaneously in order to identify peaks and interpret the spectra. The blood cancer antigens (S‐CEA; S‐CA19‐9) and the PS 1H‐NMR peaks for fatty acids, lactate, acetate, N‐acetyl sugars, citrate, tyrosine, saccharides, and formate decreased at T1 compared to T0. Whereas, the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) blood values increased at T1 compared to T0 reflecting the changes in the 1H‐NMR spectral window of 1–3.5 ppm.ConclusionPS 1H‐NMR profiling identified modified metabolites that revealed cancer cells metabolism disturbances that subsequently decreased with time throughout treatment. These altered metabolites are potential biomarkers, providing a molecular diagnostic approach for clinical diagnosis, and prognosis of human colon cancer.
Engagement in purposeful activities and social interactions amongst persons with dementia in special care units compared to traditional nursing homes: An observational study
Authors: Adlbrecht Laura , Nemeth Tamara , Frommlet Florian , Bartholomeyczik Sabine , Mayer Hanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersons with dementia spend most time of their day not engaging in activities or social interactions. A care concept of a dementia special care unit that promotes activities and social interaction through a household‐like design and individualised stimuli is studied.AimTo evaluate the main outcomes of the care concept of a dementia special care unit, namely, engagement in activities and social interactions.MethodsWe conducted an observational study as part of a theory‐driven evaluation. The Maastricht Daily Life Observation Tool was used to collect momentary assessments multiple times per participant, including engagement in activity, type of activity, engagement in social interaction, interaction partners, location, agitation and mood. Thirty‐three residents of the dementia special care units that implemented the care concept and 54 residents with dementia of two traditional nursing homes participated in the study, resulting in 2989 momentary assessments.ResultsResidents of both settings did not engage in activities or social interaction in approximately half of the observations. Compared to residents of traditional nursing homes, residents of special care units had a significantly higher chance for engagement in activities and social interaction in the afternoon but not in the morning or evening.ConclusionThe care concept of the special care unit facilitated engagement but had its limitations. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate appropriate interventions to enhance engagement of persons with dementia.
Maturity alters drop vertical jump landing force‐time profiles but not performance outcomes in adolescent females
Authors: Pedley Jason S. , DiCesare Christopher A. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Oliver Jon L. , Ford Kevin R. , Hewett Tim E. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: July 2021

The stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) assists in effective force attenuation upon landing and augments force generation at take‐off during a drop vertical jump (DVJ). General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, these discrete metrics fail to provide insight into temporal jump‐landing characteristics. This study assessed DVJ force‐time profiles in 1013 middle and high‐school female athletes (n = 279 prepubertal, n = 401 pubertal, and n = 333 postpubertal). Maturity status was determined using the Pubertal Maturation Observation Scale. Ground reaction force data were analyzed to extract a range of variables to characterize force‐time profiles. SSC function was categorized as poor, moderate, or good dependent on the presence of an impact peak and spring‐like behavior. No differences in jump height or ground contact time were observed between maturity groups (p > 0.05). Significant differences in absolute peak landing and take‐off force were evident between all maturational statuses (p < 0.05). Relative to bodyweight normalized forces, only peak take‐off force was significantly different between prepubertal and postpubertal groups (p < 0.05; d = 0.22). Spring‐like behavior showed small improvements from pubertal to postpubertal (p < 0.05; d = 0.25). Most females displayed poor SSC function at prepubertal (79.6%), pubertal (77.3%), and postpubertal (65.5%) stages of maturity. Large increases in absolute forces occur throughout maturation in female athletes; however, only small maturational differences were found in relative force or spring‐like behavior. Consequently, most girls display poor SSC function irrespective of maturity.