bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red cell alloimmunization in haemato‐oncology patients transfused with packed red blood cells extended phenotype matched for Rh and Kell antigens versus the standard crossmatched units
Authors: Rajeev T Kiran , Jain Ashish , Marwaha Neelam , Prakash Gaurav , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectivesThere is limited evidence regarding the advantage of transfusing extended phenotype‐matched (EPM) packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to prevent alloimmunization in haemato‐oncology patients. This randomized control trial aimed to determine the alloimmunization in haemato‐oncology patients transfused with PRBCs which are EPM for Rh (C, E, c, e) and Kell (K) antigens (group I) versus those receiving standard compatible PRBCs (group II).Materials and MethodsPatients having a negative antibody screen (ABS), direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and autologous control (AC) were randomly allocated to either group I or II (n = 50 each). A follow‐up (FU) testing post‐transfusion was conducted for haemoglobin (Hb), ABS and DAT at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. ABS was conducted using fully automated immunohaematology analyser, while DAT, compatibility testing and extended phenotyping were conducted manually using column agglutination technique.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to mean (±SD) Hb at initial enrolment (group I, 5·06 ± 1·29 g/dl and group II, 5·41 ± 1·37 g/dl; P = 0·179), age (40 ± 17·3 years v/s 42·2 ± 17·2 years; P = 0·523), gender (P = 0·835) and diagnosis (P = 0·06). All patients in group I and II had negative ABS, DAT and AC at all three FUs. Group II patients were transfused more PRBCs (372 v/s 187, P = 0·000), while the mean Hb increment between successive FU was significant in both the groups (P = 0·003).ConclusionIt appears that there is no added benefit of providing EPM PRBCs in haemato‐oncology patients, as none developed RBC alloantibodies.
Sensory adaptation at ribbon synapses in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: De Faveri Francesca , Marcotti Walter , Ceriani Federico 
Published: May 2021

Key points
The present study aimed to determine the sensory adaptation characteristics of hair cell ribbon synapses in vivo.
Hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line transmit hydrodynamic stimuli to the posterior lateral line ganglion afferent neurons.
Excitatory hair bundle deflections by water‐jet stimuli cause glutamate release at hair cell synapses with a rapid (phasic) and a sustained component, which are likely linked to the exocytosis of distinct vesicle pools.
The glutamate‐induced increase in afferent neuron firing rate adapts over time, which is mirrored by the depression of neurotransmitter release, without preventing phase‐locking.
Adaptation also occurs during inhibitory hair bundle displacements, highlighting a shift in the sensitivity range of the lateral line during prolonged stimulation.
Postsynaptic mechanisms exert some degree of regulation on the afferent firing adaptation.
We conclude that vesicle depletion is the primary determinant of firing rate adaptation, allowing lateral line hair cell ribbon synapses to maintain sensitivity to sustained stimuli.
AbstractAdaptation is used by sensory systems to adjust continuously their sensitivity to match changes in environmental stimuli. In the auditory and vestibular systems, the release properties of glutamate‐containing vesicles at the hair cell ribbon synapses play a crucial role in sensory adaptation, thus shaping the neural response to sustained stimulation. How ribbon synapses regulate the release of glutamate and how they modulate afferent responses in vivo is still largely unknown. Here, we have used two‐photon imaging and electrophysiology to investigate the synaptic transfer characteristics of the hair cells in the context of sensory adaptation in live zebrafish. Prolonged and repeated water‐jet stimulation of the hair cell stereociliary bundles caused adaptation of the action potential firing rate elicited in the afferent neurons. By monitoring glutamate at ribbon synapses using time‐lapse imaging, we identified two kinetically distinct release components: a rapid response that was exhausted within 50–100 ms and a slower and sustained response lasting the entire stimulation. After repeated stimulations, the recovery of the fast component followed a biphasic time course. Depression of glutamate release was largely responsible for the rapid firing rate adaptation recorded in the afferent neurons. However, postsynaptic Ca2+ responses had a slower recovery time course compared to that of glutamate release, indicating that they are likely to contribute to the afferent firing adaptation. Hair cells also exhibited a form of adaptation during inhibitory bundle stimulations. We conclude that hair cells have optimised their synaptic machinery to encode prolonged stimuli and to maintain their sensitivity to new incoming stimuli.
Variables associated with increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Loosen Sven H , Demir Münevver , Kunstein Anselm , Jördens Markus , Qvarskhava Natalia , Luedde Mark , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. Although both diseases often occur in the same patient population, their mutual influence is not fully understood. We therefore aimed at analyzing the impact of T2D on the incidence of NAFLD in a large cohort of outpatients in Germany.Research design and methods32 201 patients with T2D diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 were identified in the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database. Probability of NAFLD was analyzed using Cox regression models.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of NAFLD within the 7-year observation period was 4.3%. The probability of NAFLD was significantly higher among patients with T2D with increased body mass index but not hemoglobin A1c. Prescriptions of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (HR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.64), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists (HR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.81), and insulin (HR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.8) were significantly associated with lower incidence of NAFLD.ConclusionOur data from a large population-based cohort of patients with T2D identified sociodemographic and therapeutic parameters associated with NAFLD incidence in patients with T2D which should be taken into account for novel therapeutic concepts.
Trending peripheral venous PCO2in patients with respiratory failure using mathematically arterialised venous blood gas samples
Authors: Weber Merle , Cave Grant 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTrending venous blood gases (VBGs) has been suggested as an alternative to arterial blood gases (ABGs) in patients with respiratory failure, but there are limits to its utility. The aim of this study was to compare the trending of venous carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) (pCO2v) with mathematically arterialised pCO2(pCO2ca) and to further evaluate whether pCO2ca follows change in arterial pCO2(pCO2a) more accurately.MethodsWe analysed two data sets. The first was a retrospective study of patients with respiratory failure admitted to the intensive care unit. Venous samples were mathematically arterialised using the vTAC method. The change in pCO2between two consecutive samples (ΔpCO2) for pCO2v was compared with the change in calculated pCO2ca values. In the second data set taken from previously published work, we analysed 82 trend points (difference between consecutive samples) for change in pCO2. There were pCO2v, pCO2a and pCO2ca values for each trend point. The primary outcome measures were the 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) between different sampling methods for ΔpCO2.ResultsIn the first data set, 46 patients had 203 VBG results giving 157 trend points for ΔpCO2analysis. The 95% LOAs for ΔpCO2ca and ΔpCO2v were −9.28 to 11.12 mm Hg.In the second data set, 95% LOAs for ΔpCO2were −9.46 to 9.48 mm Hg for ΔpCO2a and ΔpCO2v, −8.94 to 8.58 mm Hg for ΔpCO2ca and ΔpCO2v, and −4.54 to 4.91 mm Hg for ΔpCO2a and ΔpCO2ca.ConclusionThis study suggests that trending pCO2v is not an accurate way to trend pCO2a in patients with respiratory failure. ΔpCO2ca via vTAC trended differently to ΔpCO2v. Our data suggest pCO2ca more accurately trends pCO2a.
Effectiveness of self-management interventions in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for the implementation of self-management strategies in patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Marques Andréa , Santos Eduardo , Nikiphorou Elena , Bosworth Ailsa , Carmona Loreto 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review (SR) on the effectiveness of self-management interventions, in order to inform the European League Against Rheumatism Recommendations for its implementation in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA).MethodsThe SR was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and included adults (≥18 years) with IA. The search strategy was run in Medline through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and PEDro. The assessment of risk of bias, data extraction and synthesis were performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative Summary of Findings was provided according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsFrom a total 1577 references, 57 were selected for a full-text review, and 32 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 13 SRs). The most studied self-management components were specific interactive disease education in ten RCTs, problem solving in nine RCTs, cognitive–behavioural therapy in eight RCTs, goal setting in six RCTs, patient education in five RCTs and response training in two RCTs. The most studied interventions were multicomponent or single exercise/physical activity in six SRs, psychosocial interventions in five SRs and education in two SRs. Overall, all these specific components and interventions of self-management have beneficial effects on IAs-related outcomes.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the beneficial effect of the self-management interventions in IA and the importance of their implementation. Further research should focus on the understanding that self-management is a complex intervention to allow the isolation of the effectiveness of its different components.
Effects of allelopathy and availability of nutrients and water resources on the survival and growth of plant species in a natural Dacrydium forest
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Chen Yongfu , Grenier-Héon David 
Published: May 2021

A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms of allelopathy and resource availability is critical for protecting rare and endangered species, biodiversity, and ecosystems. We treated 20 major plant species with three concentrations of an aqueous extract of Dacrydium pierrei Hickel litter and different irrigation and nutrients to compare the relative importance of allelopathy and resource availability on roots, stem growth, and seed germination, using bioassays. The results showed that the height, ground diameter, and aboveground biomass of individuals increased more quickly in the early stage, and the rate of increase tended to slow down in the later stages. The allelopathy was species specific (inhibitory, neutral, or promotive), and the survival rate and growth rate of saplings changed significantly along a resource treatment gradient (P < 0.05), indicating that the native species diversity was reduced by lower or higher resource availability in natural forests. The effect of allelopathy on trees was relatively weak during the treatments, and that of resource availability was relatively strong. Resource availability is relatively more important than allelopathy in mediating the reduction in plant biodiversity. Therefore, water and nutrient availability and the species and number of allelochemicals released by plants have substantial influences on the survival and growth of plant species in a natural Dacrydium forest.
Possible assignments of highly excited $$\varLambda _c(2860)^+$$, $$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$ and $$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$
Authors: Gong Kui , Jing Hao-Yang , Zhang Ailin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPossible assignments of highly excited$$\varLambda _c(2860)^+$$Λc(2860)+,$$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$Λc(2880)+and$$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$Λc(2940)+are explored in a$$^3P_0$$3P0strong decay model. Decay widths, branching fraction ratios$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)and the branching fractions ofDNchannels of theses assignments are computed.$$D^0p$$D0pchannel is a very important channel to provide information on the inner excitation and structure of these highly excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λc. In our analysis,$$\varLambda _c(2860)^+$$Λc(2860)+may be a 1D-wave excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λcwith$$J^P={3\over 2}^+$$JP=32+, which has dominantDNdecay channels with a branching fraction$${\mathcal {B}}(\varLambda _c(2860)^+\rightarrow DN)=75\%$$B(Λc(2860)+→DN)=75%and a branching ratio$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}=0.12$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)=0.12.$$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$Λc(2880)+is very possibly a 1F-wave excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λcwith$$J^P=\frac{5}{2}^-$$JP=52-; In this assignment, the predicted total decay width ($$\varGamma \approx 4.49$$Γ≈4.49MeV) is comparable to the measured$$\varGamma =5.6^{+0.8}_{-0.6}$$Γ=5.6-0.6+0.8MeV, and the predicted$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}=0.12$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)=0.12is consistent with the measured$$R=0.225\pm 0.062\pm 0.025$$R=0.225±0.062±0.025; TheDNchannels are its dominant strong decay channels with a branching fraction$${\mathcal {B}}(\varLambda _c(2880)^+\rightarrow DN)=94\%$$B(Λc(2880)+→DN)=94%.$$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$Λc(2880)+seems impossibly a 1D-wave excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λcwith$$J^P=\frac{5}{2}^+$$JP=52+once the presently measured$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)is confirmed.$$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$Λc(2940)+may be a 2P-wave excited$$\varLambda ^{1,0}_{c1,1}(\frac{3}{2}^-,2P)$$Λc1,11,0(32-,2P). In this case,$$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$Λc(2940)+has a total decay width$$\varGamma =17.56$$Γ=17.56MeV, a branching ratio$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}=0.89$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)=0.89and theDNdecay channels with a branching fraction$${\mathcal {B}}(\varLambda _c(2940)^+\rightarrow DN)=43\%$$B(Λc(2940)+→DN)=43%. In order to understand the inner excitation and structure of these highly excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λc, measurements of those predicted quantities are required in the future.
Generalized Cumulative Residual Entropy of Time Series Based on Permutation Patterns
Authors: Zhou Qin , Shang Pengjian 
Published: May 2021

Cumulative residual entropy (CRE) has been suggested as a new measure to quantify uncertainty of nonlinear time series signals. Combined with permutation entropy and Rényi entropy, we introduce a generalized measure of CRE at multiple scales, namely generalized cumulative residual entropy (GCRE), and further propose a modification of GCRE procedure by the weighting scheme — weighted generalized cumulative residual entropy (WGCRE). The GCRE and WGCRE methods are performed on the synthetic series to study properties of parameters and verify the validity of measuring complexity of the series. After that, the GCRE and WGCRE methods are applied to the US, European and Chinese stock markets. Through data analysis and statistics comparison, the proposed methods can effectively distinguish stock markets with different characteristics.
Optimizing over subsequences generates context-sensitive languages
Authors: Lamont Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhonological generalizations are finite-state. While Optimality Theory is a popular framework for modeling phonology, it is known to generate non-finite-state mappings and languages. This paper demonstrates that Optimality Theory is capable of generating non-context-free languages, contributing to the characterization of its generative capacity. This is achieved with minimal modification to the theory as it is standardly employed.
Influence of prey diet quality on predator-induced traits in wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus)
Authors: Chuirazzi Catherine , Ocampo Melissa , Takahashi Mizuki K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Diet quality and predation are two critical factors in determining the growth and development of organisms. Various anurans are susceptible to phenotypic changes influenced by these factors. Yet, few studies examined prey diet quality as potential influence over predator-induced traits. Using wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus) as a model species, we investigated the effects of three diet compositions (plant-based, animal-based, omnivorous) crossed with presence or absence of chemical cues from predatory dragonfly larvae (Aeshnidae). After 35 days, we recorded 11 morphological measurements, Gosner stage, and intestinal length of tadpoles to assess phenotypic changes under the six different experimental conditions. Our results showed the additive effects of both diet quality and predator chemical cue without detection of interactions between the two. Tadpoles receiving the omnivorous diet grew and developed faster with wider denticle rows than those receiving the plant or animal diets. The growth and development of tadpoles receiving only the animal diet were significantly hindered. These results emphasize the importance of diet quality in the growth and development of larval wood frogs. Chemical cues from predators significantly reduced tadpole body size but, in contrast to previous findings, did not affect tail size. Our experimental procedure of providing water containing predator and injured conspecific chemical cues on a weekly basis likely provided relatively weak predation risk perceived by tadpoles compared to previous studies using caged predators. The predator environment in our experiment, however, represents one ecologically relevant scenario in which predation risk is not urgent.
Epistemology’s Prime Evils
Authors: Bondy Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This essay addresses what we can call epistemology’s Prime Evils. These are the three demons epistemologists have conjured that are the most troublesome and the most difficult to dispel: Descartes’ classic demon; Lehrer and Cohen’s New Evil Demon; and Schaffer’s Debasing Demon. These demons threaten the epistemic statuses of our beliefs—in particular, the statuses of knowledge and justification—and they present challenges for our theories of these epistemic statuses. This paper explains the key features of these three central demons, highlights their family resemblances and differences, and attempts to show that a certain kind of internalist view of justification provides the resources to handle these demons well.
A Teacher’s Practical Knowledge in an SSI-STEAM Program Dealing with Climate Change
Authors: Won A-Rang , Choi Su-Yeon , Chu Hye-Eun , Cha Hyun-Jung , Shin Hyeonjeong , Kim Chan-Jong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Teachers do not simply deliver a set curriculum, but carry out classes based on practical knowledge, including their values, beliefs, and experiences. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the practical knowledge of teaching among teachers in terms of orientation, structure, and content in order to understand the teacher’s knowledge, conflicts, and trial and error experiences in the classroom. In this study, we explored the practical knowledge of a teacher conducting SSI-STEAM classes themed on climate change. In the specific context of SSI-STEAM classes, it was possible to understand how the teacher organized climate change classes and guided the actions of students in action-oriented classes. In addition, we expect that this study, which examines the practical knowledge of a novice teacher, will serve as the first step in narrowing the gap in SSI-STEAM education between pre-service teacher education and actual school classroom experience.
Scientific Medicine in the Time of Cholera: the Johns Hopkins Ethos and US Friendly Power in North China, 1919
Authors: Girouard Kim , Lamb Susan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Vashti Bartlett, a Johns Hopkins nurse and member of the American Red Cross Commission to Siberia, was part of a global expansion of United States (US) influence before and after World War I. Through close examination of Bartlett’s extensive personal archives and her experiences during a 1919 cholera epidemic in Harbin, North China, we show how an individual could embody a “friendly” or “capillary” form of imperialist US power. Significantly, we identify in Bartlett yet another form that US friendly power could take: scientific medicine. White, wealthy, female, and American, in the context of her international nursing activities Bartlett identified principally as a scientific practitioner trained at Johns Hopkins where she internalized a set of scientific ideals that we associate with a particular “Hopkins ethos.” Her overriding scientific identity rendered her a useful and conscientious agent of US friendship policies in China in 1919.
Termite taxonomy from 2001–2021: the contribution of Zootaxa
Authors: CONSTANTINO REGINALDO 
Published: May 2021

Termites comprise a relatively small group of insects, with 3176 known species (2976 living and 200 fossil) (Constantino 2020). They include, however, very important urban and agricultural pests, and also major decomposers of plant matter in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the tropics. For instance, the annual economic impact of a single invasive termite species, Coptotermes formosanus, was estimated as US$11 billion in the United States in 1999 (Su 2002), placing it among the most important insect pests in the world.
Improving the Use of Hydrologic Probabilistic and Deterministic Information in Decision-Making
Authors: Carr Rachel Hogan , Semmens Kathryn , Montz Burrell , Maxfield Keri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUncertainty is everywhere and understanding how individuals understand and use forecast information to make decisions given varying levels of certainty is crucial for effectively communicating risks and weather hazards. To advance prior research about how various audiences use and understand probabilistic and deterministic hydrologic forecast information, a social science study involving multiple scenario-based focus groups and surveys at four locations (Eureka, California; Gunnison, Colorado; Durango, Colorado; Owego, New York) across the United States was conducted with professionals and residents. Focusing on the Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast System, the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service, and briefings, this research investigated how users tolerate divergence in probabilistic and deterministic forecasts and how deterministic and probabilistic river level forecasts can be presented simultaneously without causing confusion. This study found that probabilistic forecasts introduce a tremendous amount of new, yet valuable, information but can quickly overwhelm users based on how they are conveyed and communicated. Some were unaware of resources available, or how to find, sort, and prioritize among all the data and information. Importantly, when presented with a divergence between deterministic and probabilistic forecasts, most sought out more information while some others reported diminished confidence in the products. Users in all regions expressed a desire to “ground truth” the accuracy of probabilistic forecasts, understand the drivers of the forecasts, and become more familiar with them. In addition, a prototype probabilistic product that includes a deterministic forecast was tested, and suggestions for communicating probabilistic information through the use of briefing packages is proposed.