bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two new and two known species of the genus Paraoxydirus Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1978 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Western Ghats of India
Authors: Kumar S. , Ahmad W. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Two new and two known species of the genus Paraoxydirus Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1978 are described and illustrated from Western Ghats of India. P. vulvalpapillatus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.6 – 4.8 mm); lip region continuous with completely amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup – shaped; 5 – 6 μm long odontostyle; 11 – 13 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 28 – 36 % of neck length; transverse vulva; vulval papillae conspicuous; males with 46 – 54 μm long spicules; 11 – 14 continuous ventromedian supplements and long filiform tail similar in both sexes. P. indicus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.0 – 4.8 mm); lip region poorly offset with amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup-shaped; 7 – 8 μm long, robust odontostyle; 17 – 18 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 32 – 40 % of neck length; 21 – 26 μm long cardia; longitudinal vulva; 748 – 894 μm long filiform tail; males with 45 – 54 μm long spicules and 12 – 15 continuous ventromedian supplements. P. gigas Jairajpuri, 1964 and P. novus Jairajpuri, 1965 are redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities. A diagnostic Key and compendium to the identification of its eight valid species is provided.
Huffmanela sp. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) encountered in the whitecheek shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri) in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Attia M. M. , Ibrahim M. M. , Mahmoud M. A. , Al-Sabi M. N. S. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Veterinary inspection of fish caught at the western side of the Arabian Gulf off the shore of Saudi Arabia in 2017 revealed abnormal irregular zigzag black lines in the skins of 135 out of 1500 (prevalence = 9 %) whitecheek sharks (Carcharhinus dussumieri). These lesions have been noticed in the dorsal and ventral part of the head near the snout and around the eyes, as well as in the skin of the pectoral fins. The parasitological, pathological and ultramorphological aspects of the sampled fish were studied using a light microscope, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Trichosomoidid-type eggs identified as Huffmanela sp. were found in the superficial layer of the skin. The mature eggs containing larvae (n = 75) were ellipsoidal or spindle-shaped, smooth-shelled, amber-brown to dark brown or even black in colour. The width of the eggs ranged from 34 to 49μm with lengths ranging from 95 to 107μm. The polar plugs of the immature eggs were slightly protruding, whereas mature eggs had clearly protruding polar plugs. The width of the polar plugs ranged from 4.5 – 9.5μm. The shells of the eggs were smooth and there was a thin layer seen near the polar areas. The infected skin exhibited desquamated epithelium, with inflammatory cell aggregations and melanophores in the debris. The underlying musculatures of the skin were free from any eggs, but showed mild pathological changes, including congestion of blood vessels, haemorrhages and oedema. The prevalence of infection showed seasonality, peaking significantly in the spring (18.18 %), with comparable prevalence rates in winter and summer (9.43 % and 8.57 %, respectively). However, infections dropped significantly during the autumn months (3.75 %). It is believed that this is the first study reporting the presence of Huffmanela sp. in whitecheek sharks at El-Jubail Province, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf.
A survey of control strategies for equine small strongyles in Lithuania
Authors: Dauparaitė E. , Kupčinskas T. , Hoglund J. , Petkevičius S. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in equine cyathostomins is being reported all over the world. In Lithuania, however, the last study on this subject was published more than fifteen years ago, thus little is known about the current situation. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that may associated with the development of AR on equine studs in Lithuania. A questionnaire containing seven open-ended and nine closed multiple-choice questions about worm control strategies, use of anthelmintic substances and stable management practices was posted to 71 randomly selected horse establishments in Lithuania. Replies were obtained from a total of 59 stables, representing 83 % of officially established stud farms in Lithuania.
The results showed that more than 80 % of these establishments performed pasture management practices such as excrement removal from stables and pasture, 56 % mowed their pasture, 31 % practised mixed or rotational grazing with other species, and 97 % of the horses were routinely dewormed. Macrocyclic lactones (ML) (58 %, n=33) were the most commonly used drugs, followed by benzimidazoles (BZ) (24 %, n=14) and tetrahydropyrimidines (THP) (19 %, n=10). The majority of farms (60 %) treated horses four times per year and 68 % estimated the weight of the horses by eye before treatment. About 36 % of respondents had heard of faecal egg counts (FEC), but only 17 % used the test and as few as 9 % had tested their herds for AR with faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT).
The results demonstrate that there is scope for improving routines for worm control in many horse establishments in Lithuania. In order to increase knowledge and reduce the risk of the spread of AR, diagnostic methods should be adopted in a collaboration between stud farms and veterinary practitioners.
Morphological and molecular identification of nematodes in the tayra Eira barbara from Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Panti-May J. A. , Hernández-Mena D. I. , Ruiz-Piña H. A. , Torres-Castro M. A. , Hernández-Betancourt S. F. , Vidal-Martínez V. M. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The tayra Eira barbara is a Neotropical mustelid considered as an endangered species by Mexican environmental authorities. Despite the considerable information available on the biology and ecology of E. barbara, little is known about its helminth fauna. Here, we provided new records of nematodes from a road-killed tayra in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. The species identification of nematodes was based on morphological studies and molecular analysis of fragments of the 28S gene. The tayra specimen was infected by three nematodes: Molineus sp., Physalopterinae gen. sp. and Angiostrongylus vasosum. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the natural infection of E. barbara with Molineus sp. and Physalopterinae gen. sp. Our study provides the first nucleotide sequences of nematodes parasitizing E. barbara providing a starting point against which future studies may be compared.
Au croisement de la poésie et de la philosophie : Francis Ponge et Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Alain Millon  , I-Ning  Yang  
Published: November 2021

At the crossroads of poetry and philosophy:
Francis Ponge and Maurice Merleau-Ponty

The aim of the present article is to clarify the place of the sensitive dictionary in the work of Francis Ponge and to show how it denotes human's relationship to nature. To achieve that, we will use the body question as a measure of the human–nature relationship and apply the phenomenological method that Ponge took over from Merleau-Ponty. It should be noted that Merleau-Ponty rarely makes reference to Ponge's poems, except for a few incisions in his Causeries. As for Ponge, he uses explicitly only the notion of phenomenological reduction to explain his project of sensitive dictionary. However, we will argue that there are many similarities of thought between the philosopher and the poet, which are still unexplored.
La réception des notions philosophiques de trace, d’arkhé et de document dans l’œuvre d’Alain Nadaud
Authors: Chiadini Gianluca 
Published: November 2021

The reception of the notions of trace, arkhé, and document in the work of Alain Nadaud
This paper intends to point out the philosophical features in the novels of the French writer Alain Nadaud and their links with the philosophical theory concerning the concepts of trace, arkhé and document elaborated by Jacques Derrida in the second half of the XX century. This subject, related to the contemporary socio-historical concept of post-truth, reveals the originality and the up-to-date tendency in the novels of Alain Nadaud. This paper uncovers new important aspects of his work by proposing a solid philosophical interpretation of its main theoretical principles. In particular, it uncovers the philosophical reasons at the origin of his writing, which is based on the historical research method. Furthermore, it reveals the sense of dystopia of his novels and relates it with the most recent socio-philosophical analysis of contemporary western society.
Roland Barthes : pour une écologie de l'écriture
Authors: Matei Alexandru 
Published: November 2021

Even if the theoretical prestige of the notion of ecology is recent, an ecological writing has already been racticed, without receiving this name, by Roland Barthes. On several occasions, progressively after Writing Degree zero (1953), Roland Barthes envisaged writing as a multifaceted practice, the most suitable for overturning the only order worth to be revolutionized, the symbolic order. We will take a fresh look at Barthes' writing as a theoretical concept in the early 1950s, along a shift that takes the term first to the name of a technique. Finally, in the mid-1970s, writing comes to be defined by Barthes as a practice that ignores the dichotomy between matter or body and mind or idea, and which arrives, in a spiral return movement, at an inclusive conception that recovers both the concept and the practice. This is where writing meets, in Barthes' work, the act that Latour calls "greening" and which he defines above all as a new relationship between facts and values. In the light of the latest research in "Barthesian studies" we would like to show that the future of "theory", if it is ecology today, lies in the practice and ecological commitment of writing, as a mediator of meaning, a tool of "charitable fiction", at the confines of spirit and matter.
God, Evil, Freedom. Reception and Interpretation of Dostoevsky in Luigi Pareyson and his Heirs
Authors: Carrieri Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

The essay aims to focus on reception and interpretation of Dostoevsky in the thought of Luigi Pareyson (1918-1991) and his heirs, who have developed a deep and original theoretical reading of Dostoevsky's work, able to bring out not only its ethical stance, but most of the essential aspects of his thought, and to investigate its current relevance. The reflection of Pareyson – who promoted the introduction of Dostoevsky's thought into the academic circles of Turin, being convinced that philosophy cannot avoid confronting the issues it explores – consists of three main moments: the experience of good and evil, the experience of freedom and the experience of God. Starting from consideration of Dostoevsky's characters as ideas, Pareyson proposes a new and coherent philosophical interpretation of his work, which can undoubtedly be compared to those of Ivanov, Berdjaev, Evdomikov, Šestov. His observations around the Legend of the Grand Inquisitor and the "refutation of Ivan" – which, according to him, constitute the most significant and theoretically prolific moments of Dostoevsky's production – seem unaffected by the flow of time and could still represent a valuable and indispensable contribution to the understanding not only of the great Russian author, but of human nature itself.
A Devil under the Guise of a Good Conscience
Authors: Vuckovich Robert 
Published: November 2021

Buried within Fyodor Dostoevsky's works are glimpses of corrupt individuals who rise to the fore every now and then. Without these occasional revelations, not many would notice how diabolical an ordinary person really is. Although Dostoevsky does generalize that human nature can be quite vile, a character like the mysterious visitor from The Brothers Karamazov displays that nature without striving to be extraordinary as Dostoevsky's other prolific characters. Something troubling still lurks within this mundane type. Relying on moral dilemmas presented by ancient thinkers will help this project expose and elaborate on the unsavouriness behind the activities and dispositions of Dostoevsky's minute character. With the mysterious visitor as the prime focus, we discover how an individual distorts one's personal development and decent relations with other humane beings.
Non-Consensual, Deceitful and Misattributed Paternity
Authors:   , Lawton Zoë 
Published: November 2021

<p>This dissertation is about three types of paternity: non-consensual, deceitful and misattributed paternity. It is argued that these types of paternity are a modern reality that result in serious practical and legal consequences for all parties involved, but particularly for the father and child. They do not sit comfortably within the current legal framework on paternity which is too rigid, unclear or outdated to resolve issues that arise, and perhaps result in inequitable outcomes. In the light of this, several recommendations are provided to resolve these issues, most taking the form of statutory amendments. While tort actions have traditionally often been commercial in nature, recent developments demonstrate that certain conduct taking place within a domestic context can also attract liability. For example, deceit and negligent misstatement claims to recover “damage” caused by misattributed paternity have had varying degrees of success in England, Australia and Canada. A successful claim could potentially be made in New Zealand, although in certain limited circumstances, claims should be barred on public policy grounds.</p>
The Emergence of Collective Dreams: An Exploration of Community Development Based Collaborative Landscape Design
Authors:   , Barrie Charles William 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis explores the nature of a landscape design process that could ensure the resilience and sustainability of suburban public space. Utilising a literature review and two large case study projects, the research presents an argument that: • public landscapes must be seen as multi-dimensional complex systems emerging from the co-evolution of different players in the landscape community with the dynamics of their wider ecosystem; and • the sustainable design of these spaces is dependent on collaborative decision-making, the engagement and empowerment of the local community, and the restoration of ongoing responsive interaction with the site. This approach is referred to as 'deep landscape design' and is expanded through the presentation of a number of guiding principles which it is hoped will support designers, council staff and community leaders to implement it. These guiding principles describe a facilitated, nested and iterative model of design in which: • the physical, ecological and cultural dimensions of landscape can be integrated holistically; • multiple engagement methods are established enabling the inclusion of a large range of community partners; and • those engaged in the design of the space are able to reflect on the impacts of their decisions and make changes accordingly. The research suggests that through the inclusion of deep design principles, small projects with a specific focus can initiate a process of increasing community knowledge, skill, and ownership in the design and maintenance of landscapes. A process which is necessary for the sustainability and resilience of public spaces.</p>
OwnKit: Ownership Inference for Java
Authors:   , Dymnikov Constantine 
Published: November 2021

<p>Object ownership allows us to statically control run-time aliasing in order to provide a strong notion of object encapsulation. Unfortunately in order to use ownership, code must first be annotated with extra type information. This imposes a heavy burden on the programmer, and has contributed to the slow adoption of ownership. Ownership inference is the process of reconstructing ownership type information based on the existing ownership patterns in code. This thesis presents OwnKit—an automatic ownership inference tool for Java. OwnKit conducts inference in a modular way: by only considering a single class at the time. The modularity makes our algorithm highly scalable in both time and memory usage.</p>
Sound Reflexes: Micro-Analysis of Meaningful Moments with Children Receiving Music Therapy
Authors:   , Johns Elizabeth Scott 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study investigates meaningful moments in improvised music created during individual music therapy sessions with children who have delays in various areas of development. Secondary analysis of clinical records (session notes and video footage) was used in this music centred research to identify meaningful moments in the music. Six meaningful moments were chosen, each from a different child, and subsequently the musical interactions of the child and student music therapist were transcribed in detail. An ethnographic, microanalysis approach was applied to analyse and interpret the observable features of the music. The analysis of what was happening in the music helped the researcher to understand and articulate the meaningful moments. Meaningful moments were found to be shared experiences in the co-creation of music, which provided opportunities to foster a responsive interpersonal relationship between the child and therapist. They occurred because the music provided a framework for structure and change through synchronicity and regularity/flow as well as variation, tension, suspension, expectation and anticipation. The meaningful moment was facilitated by musical elements: rhythm, tempo, pitch/melody, harmony, timbre and volume/dynamics; and musical techniques: imitation, pause, space, repetition, anacrusis and gestural actions. A review of the literature was undertaken to examine the use of improvisation and the importance of meaningful moments, in music therapy. The findings are discussed drawing from the related literature and the theory of expectation. The strengths and limitations of the study are stated along with the implications for training and further research in this field.</p>
Pule: Development Policy Sovereignty in Samoa
Authors:   , Ulu Avataeao Junior 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study examines how the Government of Samoa (GoS) asserts development policy sovereignty when working with aid donors. Observations from findings of a review of development policy, and the author’s work in Samoa since 2002 suggested that GoS does in fact assert development policy sovereignty. The GoS is engaged with the global aid agenda and this is reflected in their development policy. The GoS is able to hold donors accountable to principles set out in high-level aid effectiveness forums. The outcomes of this research show that the GoS has a high level of ownership of their development programme and this is respected by donors. Samoa has a long history of independent thought and action. Through resistance groups such as the Mau a pule movement (Opinion of rule), Samoa stood up to the German and New Zealand colonial administrations between 1900 – 1961 and created a unique constitution when they became independent in 1962. Fa’aSamoa (the Samoan way) was central to the constitution and remains a strong part of Samoan culture today. It is suggested that the GoS officials use the Mau movement mindset when dealing with outsiders that come to Samoa. This is seen as a healthy way to act for a recipient country. Qualitative methodologies were used to keep the GoS at the centre of the research process. Interviews were conducted with representatives of the GoS, the private sector, civil society organisation and donors. All the interviews with Samoans were conducted bilingually. It was found that the GoS asserts its ownership over its own development through an educated, long serving, well informed and prepared public service. Due to a high calibre public service, officials know how to use donor resources to their advantage through the GoS development policy. Furthermore GoS officials are not intimidated by donors and are therefore not afraid to hold donors accountable to outcomes of high level aid effectiveness talks. The GoS follows the principles of the current global aid agenda in the contest for aid sovereignty - pule.</p>
New Agoraphobia: Reclaiming Controllability in a Society of Total Surveillance
Authors:   , Tchernov Aleksei Sergueevich 
Published: November 2021

<p>Increasingly ubiquitous forms of surveillance networks and methods are becoming commonplace in today’s societies. While their application is rational and for the most part beneficial their presence effects the perception of space, eroding margins of privacy, increasing pressure on public space, and in some cases perpetuating unjustifiable feelings of persecution and mental unrest. These consequences reduce individual control over one’s environment and furthermore represent an instance of a type of space itself creating anxieties, similarly to the onset of agoraphobia in the 1860’s. Applying a tripartite design approach of three different scales to a hypothetical scenario of an escalated total surveillance society in an urban setting leads to an exploration of physical space and the spatialisations of power and emotion in the issues of overexposure, crowding, and loss of control. Through the resulting designs it is demonstrated how an informed application of thresholds, materiality, and physically reconfigurable environments in built form can allow for instances of relief and grounding, the gesture such a relief provides itself also embodies intent and reaction, furthering the physical with a symbolic and psychosocial response.</p>
Kinser Inequalities and Related Matroids
Authors:   , Cameron Amanda 
Published: November 2021

<p>Kinser developed a hierarchy of inequalities dealing with the dimensions of certain spaces constructed from a given quantity of subspaces. These inequalities can be applied to the rank function of a matroid, a geometric object concerned with dependencies of subsets of a ground set. A matroid which is representable by a matrix with entries from some finite field must satisfy each of the Kinser inequalities. We provide results on the matroids which satisfy each inequality and the structure of the hierarchy of such matroids.</p>