bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Social Drivers and Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases
Authors: Ryan Sadie J. , Lippi Catherine A. , Bardosh Kevin L. , Frydenlund Erika F. , Gaff Holly D. , Heydari Naveed , Wilson Anthony J. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vector borne diseases (VBDs) are often seen by the highly developed nations of the world as an issue of poor tropical countries. While framing the problem this way—through the paradigm of a poverty-trap—may leverage aid and motivate political will toward disease control, it misses a wide range of socio-political contexts both driving, and driven by, vector borne diseases. In this chapter, we present a series of global vignettes, to illustrate different facets of the broad remit of social drivers and interactions with VBDs. We approach the urban social-ecological context in Latin America and the Caribbean, impacts and aftermath of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tropical storms, struggles with trust in intervention implementation in Haiti, and drivers and impacts of ruminant arbovirus emergence events in Europe. We conclude that incorporating an understanding of social context, including political history and cultural perceptions, is a key part of VBD research and intervention practice.
Fighting the Scourge of International Crime
Authors: Petruccelli David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines initiatives to organize the global fight against international crime, which emerged in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1920s and which by the 1930s posed an alternative to the imperial and liberal internationalist programmes pursued by many Western Europeans and Americans. Police, especially from Austria, sought to internationalize policing through the International Criminal Police Commission (today Interpol). At the same time, jurists from the region sought to unify norms for fighting international crimes as a first step towards a broader project of founding a body of international criminal law. Both programmes responded to the particular social and demographic problems engulfing the region after the collapse of Europe’s great land empires. By the 1930s, these post-imperial and often illiberal programmes increasingly set the agenda at the League of Nations on a range of international offences, notably the drug trade and sex trafficking.
Normative Disorder on the Internet
Authors: Kettemann Matthias C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter is dedicated to identifying the countervailing forces to the project of establishing a normative order of the internet. Chapter 4 makes the case that internet regulation today is in normative disarray. Due (inter alia) to normative dissonance and politico-economic preferences of rational actors between normative players and the disconnect between regulatory layers, the internet has partially fragmented. Normative froth, normative friction, and normative fractures are exemplified as elements of disorder. The overall fragmentation of the internet is described in more detail as being caused by technical, political, and legal developments. However, the forces at work are truly centrifugal in that they are only “apparent” when experienced from within the system. Observing from the outside, there are actually centripetal forces at work, keeping objects within the rotating system. These “centripetal” forces, including technical elements of the internet, the “internet invariants,” but also shared commitments to internet integrity are key elements of (the self-constitutionalization of) the normative order of the internet.
Psychical Spacings
Authors: Earlie Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the complex relationship between spatiality and the psyche in psychoanalysis and in deconstruction. For Derrida, Freud’s spatialized models of the mind are a key element in psychoanalysis’s break with the traditional ‘Platonism’ of metaphysics, explored here through the examples of Plato and Edmund Husserl. In attending to the importance of space in Derrida’s work, this chapter provides a detailed account of his well-known neologism ‘différance’. Although différance has sometimes been interpreted as a theory of time, Derrida’s engagement with the phenomenological and psychoanalytic traditions highlights différance’s status as a movement of spacing (espacement), as the structural ‘co-implication’ of time and space. This co-implication is examined here through a reading of Derrida’s early essay, ‘Freud et la scène de l’écriture’ (‘Freud and the Scene of Writing’), a text which surveys the problematic relationship between anatomical (or neurological) space and the virtual space of Freud’s metapsychology. Situating Derrida as a thinker of spatial difference and its aporias provides an important means of engaging his work with the recent ‘materialist’ turn in the humanities, represented here in Catherine Malabou’s neuroscientific challenge to deconstruction.
Due Diligence in the Use of International Watercourses
Authors: Fitzmaurice Malgosia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyses the concept of due diligence in the law of international watercourses. Both conventions and the case-law give some indications on the constitutive elements of the standard of due diligence in this area. The chapter reveals that due diligence provides a legal tool to balance the principle of equitable and reasonable utilisation and the principle of no harm. It also highlights that due diligence is the basis of procedural obligations in this field, such as the duty to exchange information or the duty to conduct an environmental impact assessment. The chapter however argues that the unspecified content of these norms and the lack of uniformity in their application render it impossible to draw consistent and holistic conclusions on due diligence in the field of watercourses law.
Multi-Level Analyses
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the findings from Chapters 3–5 and provides a range of observations on these findings, articulating common elements across the three domains. An amended multi-level framework is discussed. The use of computational models and interactive visualizations is introduced. The resulting integrated perspective provides the basis for addressing failure management in ways that apply to all 18 case studies.
Travels with Kafka
Authors: Nadel Ira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Roth travels to Prague and encounters the dissident writers of Czechoslovakia and Eastern Europe. He begins his “Writers from the Other Europe” series (1974–89) and creates new contacts with authors like Ivan Klíma, Milan Kundera, and Danilo Kiš. He provides for these disenfranchised writers by establishing a bank account with support from Updike, Styron, and Cheever. Soon the impact of Eastern Europe appears in early drafts of American Pastoral started in 1972, immediately after his first trip to Prague. The impact of of his exposure to Eastern European writers appears in works like “Looking at Kafka,” The Prague Orgy, and The Professor of Desire. He writes a 1973 “Country Report” on Czechoslovakia for PEN, the international organization supporting freedom for writers. And in New York in 1975, he accidentally meets Claire Bloom and begins a lengthy relationship. Discussion follows of Roth’s savior complex and how his male characters respond to passive, vulnerable women.
Look Before You Leap: Interventions Supervised via Telehealth Involving Activities in Weight-Bearing or Standing Positions for People After Stroke—A Scoping Review
Authors: Ramage Emily R , Fini Natalie , Lynch Elizabeth A , Marsden Dianne L , Patterson Amanda J , Said Catherine M , English Coralie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a rapid shift to telehealth-delivered physical therapy services. Common impairments after stroke create unique challenges when providing rehabilitation via telehealth, particularly when it involves activities undertaken in weight-bearing or standing positions, including walking training. Our scoping review maps the evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and feasibility of remotely supervised telehealth interventions involving activities undertaken in weight-bearing or standing positions for people after stroke.

Methods
Searches of relevant databases for primary research studies were conducted using keywords relating to exercise and telehealth. Studies of stroke survivors undertaking interventions involving activities in weight-bearing or standing positions, supervised in real-time via telehealth were included. Two reviewers independently appraised all studies. Data were charted by one reviewer, checked by another, and results synthesized narratively.

Results
Seven studies (2 randomized trials, 1 mixed-methods, and 4 pre-post studies) were included, involving 179 participants. Some studies included stroke survivors with cognitive impairment, and 2 (29%) studies included only participants who walked independently. Adherence (reported in 3 studies) and satisfaction (reported in 4 studies) were good, and no serious adverse events (data from 4 studies) related to interventions were reported. Strategies to overcome technological barriers were used to optimize intervention safety and feasibility, along with physiological monitoring, caregiver assistance, and in-person exercise prescription. However, there is limited high-quality evidence of efficacy.

Conclusions
We identified strategies used in research to date that can support current practice. However, urgent research is needed to ensure that stroke survivors are receiving evidence-based, effective services.

Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a rapid shift to telerehabilitation services for people with stroke, but there is little evidence to guide best practice. Our review provides practical guidance and strategies to overcome barriers and optimize safety and adherence for telehealth interventions involving activities in weight-bearing or standing positions.
Effect of rearing cross-fostered piglets in litters of either uniform or mixed birth weights on preweaning growth and mortality
Authors: Vande Pol Katherine D , Bautista Raphael O , Harper Heath , Shull Caleb M , Brown Catherine B , Ellis Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cross-fostering is a practice commonly used in the swine industry to equalize litter sizes, however, there is limited understanding of the optimum cross-fostering methods that will maximize piglet preweaning growth and survival. This study evaluated the effects of within-litter variation in birth weight after cross-fostering on piglet preweaning mortality (PWM) and weaning weight (WW) using litters of 15 piglets. A hierarchical incomplete block design was used (blocking factors: day of farrowing and sow parity, body condition score, and number of functional teats) with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) Birth Weight Category (BWC): Light (&lt;1.0 kg), Medium (1.0 to 1.5 kg), or Heavy (1.5 to 2.0 kg); 2) Litter Composition: UNIFORM (all 15 piglets in each litter of the same BWC), or MIXED (five piglets in each litter from each BWC, i.e., five Light, five Medium, and five Heavy piglets). At 24 h after birth, piglets were weighed and randomly allotted to litter composition treatments from within BWC. The experimental unit was five piglets of the same BWC; there were three experimental units within each Litter Composition treatment litter. There were 17 blocks, each of six litters (one UNIFORM litter of each BWC; three MIXED litters) and 51 replicates (three replicates per block of six litters) for a total of 102 cross-fostered litters and 1,530 piglets. Piglets were weaned at 19.7 ± 0.46 d of age; WW and PWM were measured. PROC GLIMMIX and MIXED of SAS were used to analyze PWM and WW, respectively. Models included BWC, Litter Composition, the interaction, and replicate within the block. There were BWC by Litter Composition treatment interactions (P ≤ 0.05) for PWM and WW. Preweaning mortality was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for Light piglets in MIXED than UNIFORM litters. In contrast, for Heavy piglets, PWM was greater (P ≤ 0.05) and WW was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in UNIFORM than MIXED litters. Medium piglets had similar (P &gt; 0.05) PWM and WW in UNIFORM and MIXED litters. The results of this study, which involved large litter sizes typical of current commercial production, suggested that for piglet survival to weaning, using cross-fostering to form litters of piglets of similar birth weight was beneficial for light piglets, detrimental for heavy piglets, and neutral for medium piglets.
Complete Genome Sequence Data of Rare Actinomycetes Strain Saccharothrix texasensis 6-C, a Biological Control Agent for Potato Late Blight
Authors: Feng Shun , Jian Yongfei , Jin Liang , Tang Shicai , Li Zhengguo 
Published: February 2021

A rare actinomycetes strain of Saccharothrix texasensis, strain 6-C, has been isolated from the potato rhizosphere and it was shown to act as a biological control agent to potato late blight. It is also the first report on Saccharothrix spp. inhibiting Phytophthora infestans. Here, we present the complete genome data of S. texasensis strain 6-C, assembled by sequencing reads obtained by both PacBio and Illumina technologies with annotation. The final assembled genome length is 9,045,220 bp, without gaps and plasmid, and its GC content is 72.39%. Nine nonribosomal peptides synthetase, five type I polyketide synthase, four terpene, and three lanthipeptide gene clusters were identified in the genome, which would be likely to encode lots of antimicrobial active substances to help host plants against disease. This genome sequence could contribute to investigations of the molecular basis underlying the biocontrol activity of this Saccharothrix strain. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Deep learning for post-processing ensemble weather forecasts
Authors: Grönquist Peter , Yao Chengyuan , Ben-Nun Tal , Dryden Nikoli , Dueben Peter , Li Shigang , Hoefler Torsten 
Published: February 2021

Quantifying uncertainty in weather forecasts is critical, especially for predicting extreme weather events. This is typically accomplished with ensemble prediction systems, which consist of many perturbed numerical weather simulations, or trajectories, run in parallel. These systems are associated with a high computational cost and often involve statistical post-processing steps to inexpensively improve their raw prediction qualities. We propose a mixed model that uses only a subset of the original weather trajectories combined with a post-processing step using deep neural networks. These enable the model to account for non-linear relationships that are not captured by current numerical models or post-processing methods. Applied to the global data, our mixed models achieve a relative improvement in ensemble forecast skill (CRPS) of over 14%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the improvement is larger for extreme weather events on select case studies. We also show that our post-processing can use fewer trajectories to achieve comparable results to the full ensemble. By using fewer trajectories, the computational costs of an ensemble prediction system can be reduced, allowing it to run at higher resolution and produce more accurate forecasts.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Machine learning for weather and climate modelling’.
Time-series forecasting with deep learning: a survey
Authors: Lim Bryan , Zohren Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Numerous deep learning architectures have been developed to accommodate the diversity of time-series datasets across different domains. In this article, we survey common encoder and decoder designs used in both one-step-ahead and multi-horizon time-series forecasting—describing how temporal information is incorporated into predictions by each model. Next, we highlight recent developments in hybrid deep learning models, which combine well-studied statistical models with neural network components to improve pure methods in either category. Lastly, we outline some ways in which deep learning can also facilitate decision support with time-series data.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Machine learning for weather and climate modelling’.
Economic evaluation of disease elimination: an extension to the net-benefit framework and application to human African trypanosomiasis
Authors: Antillon Marina , Huang Ching-I , Rock Kat S , Tediosi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2021

The global health community has earmarked a number of diseases for elimination or eradication, and these goals have often been praised on the premise of long-run cost-savings. However, decision-makers must contend with a multitude of demands on health budgets in the short- or medium-term, and costs-per-case often rise as the burden of a disease falls, rendering such efforts beyond the cost-effective use of scarce resources. In addition, these decisions must be made in the presence of substantial uncertainty regarding the feasibility and costs of elimination or eradication efforts. Therefore, analytical frameworks are necessary to consider the additional effort for reaching global goals, like elimination or eradication, that are beyond the cost-effective use of country resources. We propose a modification to the net-benefit framework to consider the implications of switching from an optimal strategy, in terms of cost-per-burden-averted, to a strategy with a higher likelihood of meeting the global target of elimination of transmission by a specified date. We illustrate the properties of our framework by considering the economic case of efforts to eliminate transmission ofgambiensehuman African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), a vector-borne parasitic disease in West and Central Africa, by 2030.Significance StatementVarious diseases are earmarked for elimination by the global health community. While the health economic implications of elimination have been discussed before, the combination of uncertainty, cost-effectiveness in terms of cases averted, and elimination in the face of rising per-case costs has not been tackled before. We propose an approach that considers the tension between the dual objectives of cost-effectiveness and elimination while incorporating uncertainty in these objectives. We apply our method to strategies against human African trypanosomiasis in three settings, but this method could be directly applied to simulation-based studies of the cost-effectiveness of other disease elimination efforts. The method yields common metrics of efficiency when stakeholders have different objectives.
Are there significant correlations between climate factors and the spread of COVID-19 for less densely populated and less polluted regions?
Authors: de Paula Corrêa Marcelo , Letícia Campos Yamamoto Ana , Silva Luiz Felipe , Pereira Bastos Ivana Riêra , Matias Tális Pereira , Gonçalves Pereira Raquel , do Reis Patrícia Martins , Fagundes Flávia Fernanda Azevedo , Ribeiro Alysson Fernando , Moraes Joaquim Augusto Cortez , da Silva Filipe Pereira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the correlation between the spread of COVID-19 and meteorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation) in urban-rural cities located in southeastern Brazil. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for the statistical analysis. Results show that air temperature and wind speed were positively correlated with COVID-19 cases, while air relative humidity showed negative correlation. As seen in several recent studies, climate factors and the spread of COVID-19 seem to be related. Our study corroborates this hypothesis for less densely populated and less polluted regions. We hope that our findings help worldwide scientific efforts towards understanding this disease and how it spreads in different regions.HighlightsClimate and COVID-19’s spread were also correlated in less-densely populated regions.Both maximum and minimum temperatures are strongly correlated with cases of covid-19.One hypothesis for the strong association could be the high minimum temperatures in the subtropical region.Wind speed is also positively correlated with COVID-19, while air humidity is negatively related.Mitigation policies against the spread of COVID-19 should be based on local climate profiles.
Efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea on human milk production: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saejueng Koollachart , Nopsopon Tanawin , Wuttikonsammakit Piyawadee , Khumbun Wattanaporn , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundInsufficient milk production is a common problem affecting breastfeeding women, in particular following Cesarean delivery. Wang Nam Yen herbal tea is a promising traditional Thai medicine used by postpartum women to stimulate milk production, as an alternative to pharmaceutical galactagogues. We aimed to compare the efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea, domperidone, and placebo, in increasing milk production in mothers who underwent Cesarean delivery.MethodsWomen who underwent uncomplicated cesarean delivery at Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital were randomized into three groups. The participants received the treatments daily for three consecutive days. The primary outcome was breast milk volume at 72 hours after delivery. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, adverse events, and participant satisfaction.ResultsOf the 1,450 pregnant women that underwent cesarean delivery, 120 women were enrolled. Their mean age and gestational ages were 28.7 years and 38.4 weeks, respectively. Breast milk volume at 72 hours postpartum was significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.030). The posthoc Bonferroni correction indicated a significant difference in breast milk volume between Wang Nam Yen herbal tea group and placebo control group (p = 0.007) while there was no difference between Wang Nam Yen herbal tea group and domperidone group (p = 0.806) and between domperidone group and placebo control group (p = 0.018). There was no difference in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, adverse events, and participant satisfaction among the three groups.ConclusionWang Nam Yen herbal tea was effective in augmenting breast milk production at 72 hours postpartum in mothers following cesarean delivery, and there was no evidence that herbal tea and domperidone differed in terms of augmenting breast milk production.Trial registrationThe study was approved by the institutional review board of Sunpasithiprasong Hospital (No.061/2559) and was registered TCTR20170811003 with the Thai Clinical Trial Registry.