bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of temporary discharge from the inpatient palliative care unit: A nationwide post-bereavement survey for end-of-life cancer patients
Authors: Sekimoto Go , Aso Sakiko , Hayashi Naoko , Tamura Keiko , Yamamoto Chieko , Aoyama Maho , Morita Tatsuya , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Tsuneto Satoru , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Some patients admitted to an inpatient palliative care unit (PCU), and who were discharged temporarily to home, later died at the PCU. The experiences of these patients and their families during temporary discharge are unclear.Methods: This study was part of a nationwide post-bereavement survey, the Japan Hospice and Palliative Care Evaluation 3 study. We sent questionnaires to the bereaved relatives of cancer patients who died in a PCU in 2018.Results: Of the 968 questionnaires sent, 571 (59%) were analyzed. Sixteen percent of the patients experienced temporary discharge from the PCU. Seventy-two percent of the bereaved family reported that the patients said, “I am happy to be discharged to home.” Between 22% and 37% of the patients reported an improvement in their condition after discharge. Family caregivers’ recognition of the better quality of the patient’s life at home and hospital doctors’ assurances of re-hospitalization whenever necessary, were significantly associated with positive experiences of temporary discharge.Conclusion: Bereaved family members recognized temporary discharge as a positive experience for both the patient and the family. Appropriate home palliative care and discharge planning contribute to positive experiences after discharge.
Dynamic Simulation Study on Protective Coal Pillar Width on Floor Roadway
Authors: Wang Hui , Zheng Pengqiang , Li Nan , Zhan Yubao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Determination of reasonable protective coal pillar width has a great significance for the safety and stability of the coal seam working face and the surrounding structures and facilities. For studying the reasonable width of protective coal pillar, based on the platform of ABAQUS, program with the PYTHON language to make dynamic model which can simulate the dynamic changes of different width. Then the deformation law of floor roadway under different protection coal pillar width is analyzed. The finite element optimization analysis program is compiled based on MATLAB, and the minimum deformation of roadway and protective coal pillar is used as the optimization goal to make calculation for the dynamic model, and the reasonable width of protective coal pillar is proposed. Through the comparison between the simulation result and the field monitoring data, validity of the calculation result and rationality of the method are verified. The research results provide the reference for the setting of protective coal pillar for similar mining conditions.
One-year Effect of Wearing Orthokeratology Lenses on the Myopia Progression
Authors: Gao Bei , Xu Jing , Tang Guodong , QU Chenying , Du Dongxue , Song Jike , Bi Hongsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To Investigate the efficacy of overnight orthokeratology (Ortho-k) for myopia control and the relationship between axial length (AL) changes and different baseline factors.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 675 myopic patients (Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of TCM) who received Ortho-k correction between August 2015 and July 2017. These subjects were followed up at least for 12 months. Genders, age, parental refractive status, manifest refractions, cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuities, power vector of astigmatism, corneal curvature, age at initiation of Ortho-k wear (year), intraocular pressuren (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil size (PL), corneal diameter (CD) and AL were obtained for analysis. Correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for the factors that can improve treatment outcome. Results: The baseline 675 patients’ AL of was 25.12±1.00 mm, and after 12 months of treatment, the AL was 25.30±0.94 mm, and the axial elongation was 0.18±0.22 mm. Univariate analysis of the right-eye independent variable of 675 patients showed a statistically significant association between age at initiation of Ortho-k wear, spherical equivalent refractive (SER), and changes in AL. Regression analysis results show that age at initiation of Ortho-k wear and SER are independent factors with effects on the treatment outcome.Conclusion: Ortho-k was effective in slowing myopia progression over a one-year follow-up period. Age at initiation of Ortho-k wear, and SER were found to be associated with increased change of AL during follow-up.
Paralytic Strabismus: A Review of 13 Years at Tertiary Care Center in Western Central India&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Shah Shreya , Shah Mehul A , Thorat Deeksha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the incidence, aetiologies and follow-up of patients with paralytic strabismus. Methods: This retrospective study included 193 strabismic patients with isolated III, IV or VI cranial nerve palsy, cases of the strabismus, from the Department of Ophthalmology of tertiary care center in western central India between January 2007 and December 2020. The present study analysed the injured cranial nerve, the affected eye, sex distribution, aetiology and follow-up. Results: About 5.7% of the cases were congenital, and 16.1% were in the paediatric age group. The VI cranial nerve was the most frequently affected (56.5%) in these cases. The incidence was higher in males (58.1%) than females. Trauma was the common cause of III (7.1%), IV (8.3%) and VI (50%) nerve palsy. The disease management modalities included surgical, medical and spontaneous resolution.Conclusions: The sixth cranial nerve was affected most frequently. However, the most common underlying cause was yet undetermined.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Purification in Simulated Wastewater By Two Aquatic Plants
Authors: Xu Jianling , Liu Jiao , Hu Jiaqi , Wang Hanxi , Sheng Lianxi , Dong Xiaoliang , Jiang Xiaodan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aquatic plants have attracted wide attention because of their low cost and high level of resource utilization. In order to study the effects of emergent and submerged plants on the purification of different concentrations of wastewater, two common aquatic plants found in Northeast China, Iris ensata Thunb. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq., were selected Under static conditions, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from simulated wastewater with different concentrations (high, medium and low) and lake samples of Nanhu Park, Changchun, Jilin Province, China, were studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) in medium- and high-pollutant concentration water samples and total phosphorus (TP) in medium- and low-pollutant concentration water with I. ensata reached more than 75%. The removal rate of TN in the medium-pollutant concentration water with P. malaianus reached 71.4%, while the removal efficiency of TN and TP in the low-pollutant concentration water was higher than 80%. It is more advantageous to use plants to purify high-pollutant concentration water after further purification. The purification plants suitable for medium-pollutant concentration water are limited, but under low-pollutant concentration water conditions, there are more diverse options regarding the choice of wastewater purification plants. In the Nanhu lake samples, I. ensata had the highest removal rates of TN (80.38%), and TP (85.62%). This study shows that both I. ensata and P. malaianus can be used as aquatic plants to restore the water quality of urban lakes. A reasonable combination of different plants for addressing different pollutants is more beneficial to improve the purification effect. This research provides an important basis for the phytoremediation and treatment of urban domestic wastewater and urban surface water bodies in northern China.
Top-down fabrication of biodegradable multilayer tunicate cellulose films with controlled mechanical properties
Authors: Huang Da , Li Dong , Mo Kangwei , Xu Rui , Huang Yanan , Cui Yande , Zhang Qunchao , Chang Chunyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Owing to non-degradable waste plastics caused serious environmental pollution, development of natural polymeric materials has become an important topic. Herein, multilayer tunicate cellulose films (MTCFs) were fabricated by a top-down approach, where the alkali treated mantles of tunicate were layer-by-layer hot-pressed. Strong hydrogen bonds that formed between tunicate cellulose layers resulted in good interfacial compatibility of multilayer films. The as-prepared MTCFs exhibited improved thermal stabilities, excellent mechanical properties, and good degradability in natural soil. This work provided a top-down approach for the preparation of biodegradable multilayer films as packaging materials.
Vitamin D status and risk factors among pregnancy of shanghai in China
Authors: yang chun , Wu Jing , Ge Sheng , Sun Wenguang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and risk factors among pregnancy of shanghai in China.
Methods

A cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. All pregnancy was measured for plasma vitamin D, total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and completed OGTTs test. Age, height, and weight variables came from their electronic medical records. Criteria for vitamin D status were: <12 ng/ml: severe deficiency; 12–19 ng/ml: deficiency; 20–29 ng/ml: insufficiency; 30–50 ng/ml: normal; and > 50 ng/ml (particularly > 60 ng/ml): possibly leading to adverse effects. Vitamin D was measured from December 2016 to April 2017.
Results

Our study included 953 pregnant women. The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16.06 (range 10.90 to 20.60) ng/ml,and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.79%(303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.71 %(388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.08%(239); normal vitamin D was 2.42%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, gestational diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia.
Conclusions

It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of Chinese pregnancy in shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Public health strategies should focus on the population of pregnancy in shanghai in China.
Investigation and Disinfection of Environmental Microbes in Sports Fitness Center
Authors: Boonrattanakij Nonglak , Yomchinda Sirikorn , Lin Fang-Jia , Bellotindos Luzvisminda M. , Lu Ming-Chun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic shows that indoor air disinfection is extremely important. As early as 2012, Taiwan has released indoor air quality standards, and in 2017 announced the second batch of places that should meet indoor air quality standards including sports and fitness places. In this study, the indoor air quality was monitored in the indoor exercise and fitness center under normal operating conditions of air conditioning and ventilation as well as user flow. Chlorine dioxide and weak acid hypochlorite solutions, and water scrubbing were used to improve the quality of the indoor environment under different operating modes. This study investigated the air quality improvement in terms of bacteria and fungi contamination of the indoor exercise and fitness center under normal operating conditions including air conditioning, ventilation, and user flow. In addition, bacteria contamination and disinfection on sports equipment surface were also examined. Background bacteria and fungi densities in bioaerosols were in the range of 249 ± 65 to 812 ± 111 CFU/m3 and 226 ± 39 to 837 ± 838 CFU/m3 in the indoor air of the fitness center and 370 ± 86 to 953 ± 136 CFU/m3 and 465 ± 108 to 1,734 ± 580 CFU/m3 in the outdoor air, respectively. Chlorine dioxide and weak acid hypochlorous water aerosols could remove both bacteria and fungi much better than water scrubbing. Contact time of 15 minutes was sufficient to control both bacteria and fungi to comply with the official air quality standards. User density and carbon dioxide deteriorated both bacteria and fungi disinfection performance whereas temperature was only statistically significant on fungi disinfection. Other factors including relative humidity, airflow velocity, and particulate matters did not have any statistically significant effect on microbial inactivation. Handle of bicycle, dumbbell, and sit-up bench were found to be contaminated with bacteria and E. coli. Detected densities for bacteria and E. coli on the surface of these sport equipment were in the range of 390 ± 2 to 3,720 ± 736 CFU/cm2 and 550 ± 70 to 1,080 ± 114 CFU/cm2, respectively. Microbial densities detected largely depended on the number of users for each specific equipment. Chlorine dioxide and zinc oxide were noticeably better than weak acid hypochlorous water and commercial disinfectant in term of bacteria inactivation whereas all tested disinfectants had comparable effectiveness on E. coli disinfection. Targeted microorganisms were sufficiently inactivated within 2 minutes after the application of disinfectant.
Melatonin Reduces Inflammation in Intestinal Cells, Organoids and Explants
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yuan Xiao-qiang , Zhang Xu-ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and recurrent diseases that often occur in young people and place a heavy burden on public health in both developed and developing countries. Melatonin has been confirmed to be useful in various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, liver injuries and diseases, and cancers, while its role in IBDs remains unclear. To uncover the function of melatonin in IBDs, three intestinal models, including Caco-2 cells, 3D intestinal organoids and intestinal explants, were used. It was found that different concentrations of melatonin could significantly inhibit the expression levels of NFκB in Caco-2 cells, 3D intestinal organoids and intestinal explants. It was also found that melatonin could significantly inhibit the expression levels of NFκB downstream cytokines, including IL6 and IL8, in Caco-2 cells, 3D intestinal organoids and intestinal explants. Melatonin abolished the activation of LPS on the expression levels of NFκB, IL6, and IL8 in three intestinal models. Importantly, it was found that the function of melatonin in the regulation of inflammation was dependent on its receptor. Herein, the findings in this study might provide useful information for understanding the pathogenesis of IBDs and developing novel drugs to treat the diseases.
Time-varying Formation Dynamics Modeling and Constrained Trajectory Optimization of Multi-quadrotor UAVs
Authors: Li Xi , Qi Guoyuan , Zhang Limin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The formation of multiple quadrotor UAVs with long navigation will encounter many flight constraints, so it is necessary to change the formation to avoid these constraints. In this paper, Voronoi graph theory is used to treat UAVs formation as a rigid body. The rigid body structure can be changed by changing the formation before different constraints, after passing constraints the rigid body structure remains the formation unchanged or form into the prescribed formation. The time-varying model is established to facilitate the use of optimization. Based on Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM), the path optimization of a single quadrotor UAV is carried out. The followed UAVs in formation are treated as constraints. The constraints of maximum turning radius and formation transformation time of other UAVs are considered in the optimization process. The minimum time required for formation transformation is optimized to solve the transformation optimization, and the performance index of trajectory optimization is to minimize the energy consumed by the leader quadrotor UAV within the specified time. Finally, the simulation proves the method proposed in this paper.
Incubation Onset Influences Maternal Investment in Eggs and Egg and Nestling Survival in an Altricial Bird
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Matsui Shin , Kutsukake Nobuyuki , Dobashi Ryota , Ueda Keisuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many birds initiate incubation before clutch completion which results in asymmetric survival of eggs and nestlings within the clutch. When parents start incubating before clutch completion, low survival is expected of the nestlings hatched from eggs laid after the onset of incubation due to hatching asynchrony. Conversely, eggs laid before the onset of incubation may have a lower survival because of extrinsic factors (e.g. ambient temperature and microbial infection). Many studies investigating the allocation of parental investment have hypothesized two different strategies wherein parents allocate investment that favors eggs/nestlings with high survival prospects or compensates for the disadvantages of eggs/nestlings with low survival prospects. Although birds could take different strategies based on incubation onset within the same breeding attempt, this idea has never been tested. We conducted an observational study to investigate the effects of incubation onset on the survival of eggs laid before and after incubation onset and parental egg allocation in the altricial wryneck Jynx torquilla. We found that survival decreased in the eggs laid earlier or later than the day of incubation onset within the clutch. Because egg volume increased with laying sequence, egg volume and the survival of eggs laid before incubation onset were positively associated, whereas egg volume and the survival of eggs laid after incubation onset were negatively associated. Furthermore, late-hatching nestlings grew to similar weights to early-hatching nestlings. These suggest that females proportionately invested in egg size before incubation onset, but that investment in egg size after incubation onset was compensatory. Our observational study proposes a possibility that female wrynecks adopt two different investment strategies before and after incubation onset during a breeding attempt.
Effects of hyperglycemia on the TGF-β pathway in trabecular meshwork cells
Authors: Chen Hsin-Yi , Ko Mei-Lan , Chan Hong-Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia, which can lead to apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, induces hyperinflammation through inflammasome activation. A major cause of diabetic vascular complications is increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia. In order to elucidate the potential dual roles and regulatory signal transduction of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) in vitro, we established an oxidative cell model in HTMCs using 5.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM D-glucose-supplemented media and characterized the TGF-β-related oxidative stress pathway. Methods: Further analysis was conducted to investigate oxidative damage and protein alterations in the trabecular meshwork caused by the signal transduction. This was done through a series of qualitative cell function studies, such as cell viability/apoptosis analysis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, analysis of calcium release concentration, immunoblot analysis to detect the related protein expression alteration, and analysis of cell fibrosis to study the effect of different severities of hyperglycemia. We also illustrated the role of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in oxidative stress-induced injury by shRNA-mediated knockdown or stimulation with recombinant human TGF-β1 protein (rhTGF-β1). Results: Results from the protein expression analysis showed that p-JNK, p-p38, p-AKT, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and related SMAD family members were upregulated in HTMCs under hyperglycemia. In the cell functional assays, HTMCs treated with rhTGFβ-1 (1 ng/mL) and under hyperglycemic conditions showed higher proliferation rates and lower ROS and calcium levels than those with higher concentration or without rhTGFβ-1 treated. Furthermore, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were found to be associated with the activation of fibrosis-response proteins, α-SMA, collagen I, and laminin, which may lead to HTMC damage. Conclusions: To summarize, mechanistic analyses in HTMCs showed that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress activated TGF-β1 along with its associated pathway: at low concentrations, TGF-β1 protects cells from antioxidation, whereas at high concentrations, it accumulates in the extracellular matrix, causing further HTMC dysfunction.
Prediction of acute suicidal ideation in young adults using multi-dimensional scales: A graph neural network approach
Authors: Choi Kyu Sung , Kim Byung Hoon , Kim Sung Hwan , Jeon Hong Jin , Kim Jong-Hoon , Jang Joon Hwan , Jeong Bumseok 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Precise remote evaluation of both suicide risk and psychiatric disorders is critical for suicide prevention as well as psychiatric well-being during COVID-19 crisis. Using questionnaires is an alternative to labour-intensive diagnostic interviews in a large general population, but previous models for predicting suicide attempts suffer from low sensitivity. We developed and validated a graph neural network model, MindWatchNet, which increased the prediction sensitivity of suicide risk in young adults (n = 17,482 for training; n = 14,238 for testing) using multi-dimensional questionnaires and suicidal ideation within 2 weeks as the prediction target. MindWatchNet achieved the highest sensitivity of 80.9% and an area under curve of 0.877 (95% confidence interval, 0.854–0.897). We demonstrated that multi-dimensional deep features covering depression, anxiety, resilience, self-esteem, and clinico-demographic information contribute to SI prediction. MindWatchNet might be useful in the remote evaluation of suicide risk in the general population of young adults for specific situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Efficacy and Safety of Bumetanide in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Mehrabi Soraya , Sedighi Mohsen , Ashtiani Bahram Haghi , Afrakhteh Motahareh , Shahriari Elahe , Habibi Seyed Amirhassan , Pourhamzeh Mahsa , Susanabadi Alireza , Soleimani Mansoureh , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the terminal degenerative disease of the motor units. This clinical trial was aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of bumetanide on physiological symptoms of ALS patients.Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which ALS patients were randomized 1:1 to receive bumetanide (2 mg daily) or matching placebo group for up to 4 months. Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX), motor unit size index (MUSIX), and ALS Functional Rating Scale, revised (ALSFRS-R) was assessed before and after treatment as following bumetanide treatment.Results: 18 patients were allocated to bumetanide and 18 to the placebo group. In final analysis, 16 patients in bumetanide and 15 patients in the placebo group completed the trial. Patients in the placebo group showed a significant decrease in MUNIX value for all examined muscles after treatment, while MUNIX value for trapezius in bumetanide group increased significantly (p˂0.05). MUZIX value for tibialis anterior and trapezius (p˂0.05) improved significantly after bumetanide administration, whereas trapezius (p˂0.05) and abductor pollicis brevis (p˂0.01) in the placebo group showed a significantly decreased value. ALSFRS-R score decreased significantly in the placebo group after treatment (p˂0.001), but ALSFRS-R in bumetanide group improved significantly (p˂0.05). Three adverse effects (polyuria, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension) in bumetanide group were judged to be related to bumetanide.Conclusion: Bumetanide treatment might be effective in modulation of ALS symptoms possibly due to the hyperpolarization of GABA actions and mitigation of cortical hyperexcitability.