bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on tight projective 2‐designs
Authors: Iverson Joseph W. , King Emily J. , Mixon Dustin G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study tight projective 2‐designs in three different settings. In the complex setting, Zauner's conjecture predicts the existence of a tight projective 2‐design in every dimension. Pandey, Paulsen, Prakash, and Rahaman recently proposed an approach to make quantitative progress on this conjecture in terms of the entanglement breaking rank of a certain quantum channel. We show that this quantity is equal to the size of the smallest weighted projective 2‐design. Next, in the finite field setting, we introduce a notion of projective 2‐designs, we characterize when such projective 2‐designs are tight, and we provide a construction of such objects. Finally, in the quaternionic setting, we show that every tight projective 2‐design for determines an equi‐isoclinic tight fusion frame of subspaces of of dimension 3.
Psychiatric comorbidities of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A series of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Rowe Charlotte , Deledalle Aurore , Boudoukha Abdel Halim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is a growing number of studies on psychiatric comorbidities of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), controversy remains about the strength of associations between some disorders. We present a series of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses examining four psychiatric disorders frequently associated with OCD—depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse disorder and psychosis.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched up to May 2017; PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science. Meta‐analyses using random effects models were conducted.ResultsThe meta‐analyses found strong associations between all comorbidities and OCD, particularly for depression. In addition, a series of systematic reviews were conducted giving information about the characteristics of these psychiatric associations.ConclusionIt is probable that these disorders share common etiological factors, and thus trans‐diagnostic processes must be addressed when offering treatment. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed with suggestions for further research in the area.
Disturbed flow's impact on cellular changes indicative of vascular aneurysm initiation, expansion, and rupture: A pathological and methodological review
Authors: Sunderland Kevin , Jiang Jingfeng , Zhao Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAneurysms are malformations within the arterial vasculature brought on by the structural breakdown of the microarchitecture of the vessel wall, with aneurysms posing serious health risks in the event of their rupture. Blood flow within vessels is generally laminar with high, unidirectional wall shear stressors that modulate vascular endothelial cell functionality and regulate vascular smooth muscle cells. However, altered vascular geometry induced by bifurcations, significant curvature, stenosis, or clinical interventions can alter the flow, generating low stressor disturbed flow patterns. Disturbed flow is associated with altered cellular morphology, upregulated expression of proteins modulating inflammation, decreased regulation of vascular permeability, degraded extracellular matrix, and heightened cellular apoptosis. The understanding of the effects disturbed flow has on the cellular cascades which initiate aneurysms and promote their subsequent growth can further elucidate the nature of this complex pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the disturbed flow and its relation to aneurysm pathology, the methods used to investigate these relations, as well as how such knowledge has impacted clinical treatment methodologies. This information can contribute to the understanding of the development, growth, and rupture of aneurysms and help develop novel research and aneurysmal treatment techniques.
Highly active Mg–Al hydrotalcite for efficient O‐methylation of phenol with DMC based on soft colloidal templates
Authors: Tang Ying , Slaný Michal , Yang Ying , Li Shaoying , Qin Fanglin , Zhao Yifei , Zhang Zhifang , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnisole (AN) is an important compound that has been studied in research into antioxidants, plastic stabilizers, pesticides and dyes. One of the technological alternatives to synthesizing them is using a modified solid catalyst with a soft colloidal template. Synthesis of AN has been demonstrated using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and phenol over a mixed oxide catalyst derived from Mg–Al hydrotalcite, employing cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a soft colloidal template.RESULTSWhen the reaction was performed at atmospheric pressure in the presence of catalyst (in an amount of 4.5 wt% with respect to the reactants, DMC and phenol) at 200 °C, and a DMC:phenol molar ratio of 2:1 for 8 h, good results were seen for both phenol conversion and selectivity of AN (87.66% and 99.38%, respectively). The yield of AN was 87.11%.CONCLUSIONThe characterization of the catalyst demonstrated that the calcination temperature has a significant effect on the structure of the obtained Mg–Al hydrotalcite. Its surface properties and pore diameter distribution resulted in an increased concentration of hierarchical basic sites within the material. Weak and moderate basic sites contributed to the high conversion of phenol and good selectivity of AN. In addition, the thermal stability analysis of the as‐prepared Mg–Al mixed oxide showed that the hierarchical structures can be preserved up to 500 °C and eventually be transformed into highly dispersed MgO particles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Should a third booster dose be scheduled after two doses of CoronaVac? A single‐center experience
Authors: Yigit Metin , Ozkaya‐Parlakay Aslinur , Cosgun Yasemin , Ince Yunus E. , Bulut Yunus E. , Senel Emrah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the 10th month of the pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination was given first to healthcare workers in Turkey after receiving emergency use approval from the Ministry of Health. This study, which was performed at the COVID‐19 reference center in Ankara (the capital of Turkey) aimed to evaluate the seroconversion rate of the CoronaVac vaccine. The anti‐spike immunoglobulin G response to the two‐dose vaccination was retrospectively examined in healthcare workers who had no previous history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The postvaccine seroconversion rate was investigated by measuring the antibody levels of healthcare workers who had received CoronaVac. Vaccination was administered as 600 SU in 28‐day intervals. The healthcare workers' anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G levels were used to determine the seroconversion rate 2 months after the second dose of the vaccine. Of the healthcare workers, 22.9% (n = 155) were seronegative. The younger the age of the participant, the higher the level of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G. Furthermore, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G levels were much higher in women than men.
Neuronal deficiency of hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α increases hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice
Authors: Sun Dawei , Lu Fuxin , Sheldon Ann , Jiang Xiangning , Ferriero Donna M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cellular responses to hypoxia or hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) are governed largely by the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors. Our previous studies show that HIF‐1α induction is an important factor that mediates protective effects in the brain after neonatal HI. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of another closely related HIF α isoform, HIF‐2α, specifically the neuronal HIF‐2α, to brain HI injury. Homozygous transgenic mice with a floxed exon 2 of HIF‐2α were bred with CaMKIIα‐Cre mice to generate a mouse line with selective deletion of HIF‐2α in forebrain neurons. These mice, along with their wildtype littermates, were subjected to HI at postnatal day 9. Brain injury at different ages was evaluated by the levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and spectrin breakdown products at 24 hr; and histologically at 6 days or 3 months after HI. Multiple behavioral tests were performed at 3 months, prior to sacrifice. Loss of neuronal HIF‐2α exacerbated brain injury during the acute (24 hr) and subacute phases (6 days), with a trend toward more severe volume loss in the adult brain. The long‐term brain function for coordinated movement and recognition memory, however, were not impacted in the neuronal HIF‐2α deficient mice. Our data suggest that, similar to HIF‐1α, neuronal HIF‐2α promotes cell survival in the immature mouse brain. The two HIF alpha isoforms may act through partially overlapping or distinct transcriptional targets to mediate their intrinsic protective responses against neonatal HI brain injury.
When do service employees smile? Response‐dependent emotion regulation in emotional labor
Authors: Ashtar Shelly , Yom‐Tov Galit B. , Akiva Navot , Rafaeli Anat 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe advance the theoretical and practical understanding of affect in service interactions by conceptualizing employees and customers as concurrent participants in the same interaction. We analyzed employees' emotional labor requirements, which comprise both the well‐recognized requirement to display positive affect (i.e., acting is response independent) and the less‐recognized requirement to attend to customers' affective displays (i.e., acting is response dependent). We found support for our hypotheses across two studies, which compare the affective displays of employees and customers within the same interactions. In Study 1, we examined field data comprising 1 320 392 customer and employee messages from 164 899 real‐life chat‐based service interactions and used automated sentiment analysis to identify displays of positive and negative affect. In Study 2, we used simulated service interactions to examine discrete emotions. Using different methodologies, both Studies 1 and 2 found that employees and customers differ in their response‐dependent affective behaviors. Study 2 also demonstrated that employee response‐dependent affective behavior improves customer outcomes. Our analyses enrich the understanding of emotional labor, contribute to the theory of affect in social interactions by considering concurrent yet differing affective behaviors of partners in the same interaction, and suggest new and exciting methods for Organizational Behavior research.
Observed and projected trends in climate extremes in a tropical highland region: An agroecosystem perspective
Authors: Birhan Dereje Ademe , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Fantaye Kindie Tesfaye , Birhanu Belay Simane , Damot Getachew Alemayehu , Tsegaye Enyew Adgo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTropical highland environments present substantial challenges for climate projections due to sparse observations, significant local heterogeneity and inconsistent performance of global climate models (GCMs). Moreover, these areas are often densely populated, with agriculture‐based livelihoods sensitive to transient climate extremes not always included in available climate projections. In this context, we present an analysis of observed and projected trends in temperature and precipitation extremes across agroecosystems (AESs) in the northwest Ethiopian Highlands, to provide more relevant information for adaptation. Limited observational networks are supplemented with a satellite‐station hybrid product, and trends are calculated locally and summarized at the adaptation‐relevant unit of the AES. Projections are then presented from GCM realizations with divergent climate projections, and results are interpreted in the context of agricultural climate sensitivities. Trends in temperature extremes (1981–2016) are typically consistent across sites and AES, but with different implications for agricultural activities in the other AES. Trends in temperature extremes from GCM projected data also generally have the same sign as the observed trends. For precipitation extremes, there is greater site‐to‐site variability. Summarized by AES, however, there is a clear tendency towards reduced precipitation, associated with decreases in wet extremes and a tendency towards temporally clustered wet and dry days. Over the retrospective analysis period, neither of the two analysed GCMs captures these trends. Future projections from both GCMs include significant wetting and an increase in precipitation extremes across AES. However, given the lack of agreement between GCMs and observations with respect to trends in recent decades, the reliability of these projections is questionable. The present study is consistent with the “East Africa Paradox” that observations show drying in summer season rainfall while GCMs project wetting. This has an expression in summertime Ethiopian rain that has not received significant attention in previous studies.
Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Using Crown‐Rump Length at 11 to 13 + 6 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Kwak Dong Wook , Yang Jeong In , Song Kwan Heup , Ryu Hyun Mee , Han You Jung , Kim Moon Young , Chung Jin Hoon 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the risk of a fetus with a smaller or larger than expected crown‐rump length (CRL) for adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe data of 960 healthy singleton pregnancies conceived via in vitro fertilization were retrospectively collected. Fetal CRL was measured between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation, and small and large fetal CRLs were defined as fetuses below the 10th and above the 90th centiles, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe mean birth weights of fetuses with small, normal, and large CRLs were 3002 g, 3205 g, and 3378 g, respectively. A small fetal CRL was associated with an increased risk of smaller‐than‐gestational‐age neonates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53–5.08; P < .001) and preterm delivery before 34 gestational weeks (aOR, 6.48; 95% CI, 1.36–30.79; P = .019). A large fetal CRL was associated with an increased risk of large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) neonates, and the risk persisted even after adjustment for well‐known risk factors of macrosomia, such as pre‐pregnancy body mass index, gestational diabetes, and excessive gestational weight gain (aOR, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.04–6.59; P < .001). However, a large fetal CRL was associated with a decreased risk of gestational diabetes (aOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.76; P = .026).ConclusionsFetal CRL measured at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks gestation is worth using as a predictor of LGA as well as small for gestational age or preterm delivery.
Seasonal life strategy of Prorocentrum minimum in Chesapeake Bay, USA: Validation of the role of physical transport using a coupled physical–biogeochemical–harmful algal bloom model
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Fan , Glibert Patricia M. 
Published: September 2021

Over 40 years ago, it was suggested that Prorocentrum minimum in Chesapeake Bay has a seasonal life strategy that depends on the physical transport by estuarine circulation, bringing cells from lower bay to the mid‐bay in spring when they bloom. In this study, a validated hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model is used to simulate the annual cycles of P. minimum in Chesapeake Bay and track its life history over multiple years. The model reproduces the observed seasonal progression of P. minimum without a seed population. Four life stages of P. minimum are faithfully produced in the model: (1) in winter, overwintering populations from the previous bloom are distributed throughout the water column in the lower bay; (2) in late winter/early spring, cells are transported upstream by the landward bottom flows; (3) in May, P. minimum develops a bloom in the mid‐bay; (4) in late summer/fall, decaying P. minimum populations are transported downstream by the seaward surface flows. Particle tracking shows that it takes about 3–4 months for the overwintering cells to travel from the lower bay to the mid‐bay, but about 6 months for the decaying cells to travel from the mid‐bay to the lower bay, as the estuarine circulation is far stronger during the high runoff months of January–May than during the low runoff months of June–December. With the peak growth rate around 20°C, May provides an optimal window of growth opportunity for P. minimum as phytoplankton assemblage transitions from winter–spring diatoms to summer dinoflagellates in a seasonal succession.
How perfectionism reduces positive word‐of‐mouth: The mediating role of perceived social risk
Authors: Miranda Sandra , Duarte Margarida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough perfectionism can influence the way people think and act in a wide range of domains, consumer research has paid little attention to this personality trait. A theoretically anchored model proposes that the relationship between perfectionism traits and willingness to offer positive word‐of‐mouth (WOM) is mediated by the perceived social risk of recommending a brand to relatives and friends in person (i.e., the social risk of disapproval and embarrassment). We employed a mixed‐methods approach with symmetric (structural equation modeling [SEM]) and asymmetric (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis [fsQCA]) methods. With SEM, we found that consumers with high levels of (1) doubts about actions, (2) other‐oriented perfectionism, and (3) nondisclosure of imperfection have a lower propensity to offer positive WOM, because of a higher perception of social risk. Further, results from fsQCA reveal that the absence of those three dimensions is a sufficient condition to the absence of perceived social risk. Overall, the present research deepens the current understanding of the psychological profile of WOM communicators, and the role perceived social risk has on the propensity to spread WOM.
The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression
Authors: Rezzola Sara , Sigmund Elena C. , Halin Cornelia , Ronca Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lymphatic vasculature has been widely described and explored for its key functions in fluid homeostasis and in the organization and modulation of the immune response. Besides transporting immune cells, lymphatic vessels play relevant roles in tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Cancer cells that have invaded into afferent lymphatics are propagated to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (LNs), which represent an important hub for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites. In recent years many studies have reported new mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature affects cancer progression, ranging from induction of lymphangiogenesis to metastatic niche preconditioning or immune modulation. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date description of lymphatic organization and function in peripheral tissues and in LNs and the changes induced to this system by tumor growth and progression. We will specifically focus on the reported interactions that occur between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as on interactions between immune cells and LECs, both in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor‐draining LNs. Moreover, the most recent prognostic and therapeutic implications of lymphatics in cancer will be reported and discussed in light of the new immune‐modulatory roles that have been ascribed to LECs.
Extension and improvement of the methanol‐d4NMR thermometer calibration
Authors: Karschin Niels , Krenek Stephan , Heyer Dieter , Griesinger Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNMR thermometers are a convenient way to determine the temperature inside the sample of an NMR spectrometer. They rely on signals with strongly temperature‐dependent chemical shifts, often of OH groups; 99.8% perdeuterated methanol is an established example which is particularly well suited for modern, high‐sensitivity spectrometers, but it is so far calibrated only in the range of 282 to 330 K. In this work, we extend this calibration to the entire liquid range of methanol, 175 to 338 K. Additionally, we use a temperature sensor calibrated traceably to the International Temperature Scale (ITS‐90) and accounted for the magnetic field effect on the sensor, yielding a more accurate calibration curve with an uncertainty (2σ) varying between 25 and 190 mK.
Magnetic resonance imaging interactions with a sacral neuromodulation system
Authors: Huang Xuechen , Jiang Guangqiang (Jay) 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsSacral neuromodulation (SNM) has successfully treated patients with functional urinary and/or bowel disorders for more than two decades. Historically, patients with the InterStim system (Medtronic) were contraindicated for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. In 2012, Medtronic obtained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for allowing 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI head scans. In September 2019, the Axonics System (Axonics) received FDA approval for 1.5 T full‐body MR Conditional labeling and then 3 T full‐body MR Conditional labeling in July 2020. In August 2020, Medtronic received 1.5 and 3 T full‐body MR Conditional labeling from the FDA for their new SNM systems (InterStim II and Micro devices with SureScanTM leads). With the advancements in MRI technology and availability of full‐body MRI eligible SNM systems, it is important for physicians to better understand MRI safety for these systems.MethodsThis paper explains the fundamentals of MRI physics, its interactions with active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), the subsequent potential safety hazards with emphasis on radio frequency (RF)‐related safety, and the risks associated with “Off‐label” scans, including abandoned and broken leads.ResultsMRI guidelines provided by the AIMD device manufacturer should be followed to ensure MRI scan safety and avoid any unnecessary risk to patients.ConclusionsMRI guidelines provided by the device manufacturer are the best resource for guidance for performing safe MRI scanning. Specific conditions should be fully understood and generalizations on MRI safety claims based on partial analysis or case studies should be avoided.