bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of drilled-hole fracture and burr by rotary ultrasonic machining technology
Authors: Lee J N , Wu Y C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is introduced to process the micro-drilling on graphite and brass. The best combinations of process parameters are presented as the experimental results on this research. On the basis that graphite offers efficient electrical conductivity and low hardness, and that brass as copper-zinc alloys provides convenience for processing, fractures or edge collapses are often evident after machining. This research focuses on proposing improvements by cooperating RUM with Taguchi method, from which the optimizations of process parameters and parameter verifications can be conducted. Control factors include spindle speed of the drill-bit, peck drilling, processing feed rate, and ultrasonic power. Each factor is inspected by three levels. Quality features are determined by the fracture area.
This research reveals that the difficulty in removing shavings leads to the breakage of machining tools inside the drilled holes. Incorrect process parameters cause failure at processing the micro-drilling on graphite and brass.
Study of rotating drawing process of wire rod based on slab method and FEM simulation with constant shear friction
Authors: Tzou G Y , Chai U C , Teng H Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study based on the slab method and FEM simulation is to explore the wire rod drawing using rotating die. Constant shear friction is assumed at the interface between die and wire rod to explore different drawing conditions such as rotating angular velocity (ω), half die angle (α°), frictional factor (m) etc. on the influence of drawing forming characteristics. Besides, the die stress of rotating die occurred has been analyzed to realize whether the drawing die is failed or not. The axial stress, the radial stress, the drawing force, and the rotating torque can be obtained from the slab method to compare with the FEM, the error between the both models is around 8-10%. Moreover the realistic experiment is able to verify the acceptances of both models. Therefore through the study due to the rotation of drawing die, the drawing force can be reduced and the flowing of wire rod is increased.
Remote control of greenhouse hybridized with AI technique and LoRa communication
Authors: Huang W C , Chiu M C , Yeh L J , Chiu C M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To increase agriculture harvesting, an online monitoring system equipped with multiple environmental sensors which can be wirelessly transmitted to a remote port using LoRa technique is presented. In addition, to ensure food safety, a portfolio of plants using a cloud connected to the remote port is also built. Moreover, in order to explore best chlorophyll of the vegetable in greenhouse, a study in obtaining appropriate environmental parameters (i.e. air temperature, air humidity, sunshine intensity, soil humidity, soil ph, and carbon dioxide) via artificial intelligent (AI) technique is proposed. Considering the cost down of manpower fee, the automation techniques using sensors and actuators in conjunction with a micro-controller is adopted. Furthermore, in order to ease monitoring and controlling, area is divided into small zones.
The stress and strain analysis double-layer and eight-leaf backward curved impeller disc agitator
Authors: Cheng C C , Wei S P , Lin A D , Hsieh C H , Hsu C M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The mixing wing’s stress and strain value of the structure in the mixing equipment needs to be studied and discussed. The research is uses the FLUENT module to simulate the flow field state in the rotating operation of the mixing tank, the stress and strain of the mixing blade, and the modal analysis of the predicted resonance frequency. First, Fluent is uses simulate the shape of the flow field inside the stirred tank. Situation of different speeds, the deformation state of the stress, strain and total displacement of the stirring wing assembly is obtained to achieve the ANSYS fluid-solid coupling effect analysis. Finally, predict the modal appearance and failure points of the simulated stirring wing assembly at different resonance frequencies. After analysis, the rotation speed of the stirring wing is increases, it must be subjected to the centrifugal force of fluid distribution, vortex gravitation, and up and down convection agitation. The total displacement and deformation of the rigid structure of the stirring wing can be obtained. The equivalent stress and strain also adopt a progressive linear growth phenomenon.
Dependence of microstructure evolution on rolling conditions in AA1050 aluminum alloy
Authors: Wang R , Lu C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cold rolling has often been employed to tailor the microstructure and to achieve desired mechanical properties. In this study, the formation of sub-grain and grain orientation evolution in cold rolling processed AA1050 aluminum was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterisation. The experimental results demonstrated that increasing rolling reduction facilitates the transformation from sub-boundaries to high angle boundaries within grains by accumulating misorientation, and asymmetric rolling could impose a higher equivalent plastic strain, accelerating the grain refinement. The formation of small and equiaxed grains demonstrates that asymmetric rolling with high reduction promotes the recrystallization in (112) grains and contributes to the formation of (110) fibre in aluminum.
Study of finite element analysis on tube fittings
Authors: Hsiung J C , Teng H Y , Tzou G Y , Wu J H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study uses finite element analysis based on DEFORM-2D commercial software to explore the plastic behaviors in grip and seal of tube fittings. The tube fittings consist of tube, nut, front ferrule, back ferrule and body. The material of the tube is SUS 304 stainless steel, and the material of the tube fittings is all SUS 316 stainless steel. As the nut tightens, the back ferrule squeezes into the front ferrule while forcing the front ferrule into both the nut and the tube, which results in an effective mechanical grip and seal. The nut locking force changes with the geometry conditions of α, β, and γ in the back ferrule and the front ferrule. The results show that the nut locking force increases with the increase of the frictional factor, the back ferrule chamfer (β), and the front ferrule tilt angle (γ), however decreases with the increase of the front chamfer (α).
Effects of shot peening on the tribological properties of aluminum alloys with T6 treatment
Authors: Chang Y P , Chu L M , Liu C T , Wang J C , Chen K W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aluminum alloy has many excellent properties such as light texture, corrosion resistance, and easy processing, etc., so it is widely used on the market. The shot peening method can effectively eliminate residual stress and increase its reverse stress, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-fatigue and prolong service life. Therefore, the effects of shot peening on the tribological properties of aluminum alloys with T6 Treatment are investigated in this study. The reciprocating friction test was carried out with three different aluminum alloy mid-plate test pieces, two different shot peening impact parameters and two different loads. Moreover, the macroscopic and microscopic methods are used to discuss the tribological performance of friction and wear. The experimental results show that the plastic deformation is formed on the surface of the material by the shot peening impact method. Although the hardness increases, it also causes inelastic and brittle properties. It can be seen that although the ball striking method can improve the performance of bending, tensile, compression and impact resistance to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life, when repeated stress is applied, the fatigue resistance will decrease and it will not resist wear. The results will be beneficial to the future of the aerospace industry to develop more internationally competitive products.
Control design of parallel-connected PWM DC-AC converters for sustainable energy applications
Authors: Chang E C , Lin G W , Lin Y T , Mao K C , Wu R C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Parallel-connected PWM DC-AC converters bring lots of merits, such as, additional capacity of power, modularity ability, better thermal regulation, convenient maintenance, and redundancy that have found wide application in sustainable energies. We propose a control technology in which the strengths of rotating sliding manifold (RSM) as well as exponential grey model (EGM) are incorporated to derive a higher performance parallel-connected PWM DC-AC converter. The RSM makes sure that the sliding mode happens from the any starting status, nevertheless the fixed sliding manifold fails to achieve the robustness in the face of parametric variances and perturbations. Once occurring with high non-linear loads, the fluttering existing in the RSM potentially generates a great deal of output-voltage distortion in the parallel-connected PWM DC-AC converters, which deteriorates sustainable energy stability. With the aim of removing the fluttering, the EGM has optimized the RSM control gains to produce both good steady-state and transience behaviour of the PWM DC-AC converter. The potency of the control technology has been well proven in terms of designing procedure, theory analysis, simulation and experimental results.
Development of software and hardware components to the Internet of an additive manufacturing system based on vat photopolymerization technology
Authors: Zikra F , Valle M A R , Wang J C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The global competition and shifts in consumer’s demand are forcing companies to enhance their productivity by reducing the manufacturing time, cost and increasing the value of final merchandise. Recent engineering researchers find that the additive manufacturing (AM) process could be an innovative solution due to its advantages in building complex shapes using different materials. However, the lack of developing tools to automate AM equipment has limited applying this technique to fabricate products within a production system. Thus, an internet of additive manufacturing(IoAM) system for the Vat photopolymerization process is proposed. The IoAM system is composed of three components which are described. The first one is the machine hardware integrated by all the various mechanical parts of a conventional Bottom-Up DLP 3D printer managed by a control board based on IoT technology. The second element is a web interface that controls and monitors a single or an array of machines from one or multiple operators and devices. The last module is firmware, which is the intermediary between the software and hardware. Besides, it is responsible for executing the adaptive control for the printing parameters, which has allowed to speed up the manufacturing process. The geometric calibration method to overcome distortion of photomask produced by DLP and the energy calibration algorithm to solve the non-uniform energy distribution have permitted to fabricate objects with high resolution around 30um in the XY axis and 50 μm as a layer thickness.
Design and implementation of high-efficiency power inverter using adaptive nonlinear control
Authors: Chang E C , Tsai D T , Xiao Z K , Kuan W C , Wu R C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a finite-time nonlinear control law based on adaptive grey wolf optimization (AGWO) is proposed to obtain a high-efficiency power inverter. Although sliding mode control (SMC) provides robustness against internal parametric changes and external load meddling, the system-state cannot converge to zero in a finite time. The development of a finite-time nonlinear control law (FTNCL) is offered to ensure the finite-time convergence of the system state. But the FTNCL still meets the problem of jitter, which causes harmonic distortion of the output-voltage of the high-efficiency power inverter. In order to effectively suppress the jitter phenomenon, the gain parameters of the FTNCL can be optimally tuned by using the AGWO algorithm. This proposed scheme with the combination of the FTNCL and AGWO has been realized in an actual high-efficiency power inverter operated by a digitized signal processor. Simulations and experiments in a feedback system have revealed that the proposed scheme brings the advantages of fast dynamical reaction, less steady-state error, lessened total harmonic distortion, and relieved jitter.
Optimum design and performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor for vehicle
Authors: Lu Q , Liu Z S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As the core of electric vehicle, the driving motor should have the advantages of high-power density, wide speed range and small volume. Aiming at the demand of vehicle drive motor and the structural characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor, by using Motor Cad, a internal rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was designed and analysed in detail in this paper. In order to improve the anti-demagnetization ability and power density of the motor, the rotor structure was designed as a built-in compound type. At the same time, 8 poles and pear shape stator slot were adopted to reduce the loss of the motor and improve the efficiency of the motor. The simulation model of the motor was established by the simulation software, and its various performances were analysed. The simulation results showed that the design parameters of the prototype fully meet the design requirements of vehicle motor.
Study on design and flux weakening control of direct drive hub motor
Authors: Liu Z S , Wang X F , Lu Q 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The direct drive hub motor is a motor that directly combines the motor and the wheel. It is accompanied by the development of permanent magnet motor and modern control technology. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is especially suitable for use as hub motor use of its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, high power and easy control. In this paper, Motor Cad software was applied to optimize the design of an outer rotor PMSM motor of a cellular power, and the simulation and analysis of air gap magnetic density and other performance were carried out. The analysis results not only verify the rationality of the motor design, but also provide a basis for the next study on flux weakening control. The design and control results show that the prototype meets the design requirements fully.
Applying deep learning to develop endoscopic imaging technology
Authors: Weng C H , Tan C Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As an important technology means in the arena of image categorisation, deep learning has broad application prospects, to carry out research on image classification technology has important practical significance and theoretical value for promoting the development of artificial intelligence and computer vision, this article gives a comment for the application of deep learning in image designation. Analyse the research findings obtained in recent years in the domain of image determination such as medical image identification and remote sensing image recognition, discuss the development trend and existing research of deep learning in the arena of image categorisation, points out that the effective use of deep learning technology to classify large sample data, with using the supervised and unsupervised learning to designate images, how to effectively determinate medical images and strengthen the theoretical nature of the models are further directions of research in this field. This paper presents a study based on deep learning, with the aim of practical research being by using Convolutional Neural Networks to identify endoscopic groupings in datasets. The proposed method can automatically detect the features of endoscopy images under the condition recognised by the algorithms and achieve the correct and fast categorisation results.
Study on impact to blankholder of dual-mass type under preload
Authors: Fann K J , Chang C M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study is aimed to carry out an experimental verification for the finite element model and to propose a design scheme for using a dual-mass blankholder in a stamping process to increase the press ram speed without raising the impact force, in part by generating the response surface of the process parameters, whose ranges in the finite element analysis are extended. As a result, the impact has no significant relationship to the preload and the coefficient of the springs used to connect plates, but it has a significant positive correlation with the mass of the plates and the press speed. Thus an empirical equation is found by linear regression to design a dual-mass blankholder for a stamping process. With two examples, it shows that the design scheme is indeed feasible, which could become a reference for industrial applications.
Simulation and experimental analysis of draw-thread products under different lubrication conditions
Authors: Hsia S Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The drawing material SCM435 was attempted in this study. The experiments were carried out under three different lubricating conditions: wiredrawing powder, oil and grease to analyze its optimum stretch working conditions. In the research process, the experiment and simulation analysis of the fixed shear friction ring were used to obtain the friction coefficient under three different lubricating conditions. Then the forming software DEFORM-3D was utilized to simulate the wire drawing process under different friction coefficients to obtain the load and stress distribution required for wire drawing. The research results show that the wire drawing powder has the smallest friction coefficient and the lowest surface hardness in the experiment of the drawing material. The effective stress was generated on the wire drawing die is also the smallest of the three different lubrication conditions. Moreover, during the forming simulation of wire drawing material SCM435 on wire drawing powder or wire drawing oil, the stress of the wire drawing die will not exceed the yield strength of SKD61.
Finite element study on spinning process of an aluminium tube
Authors: Fann K J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article aims to have a glimpse into the effect of the spinning tool parameters (focusing on its diameter, attack angle, nose radius, and feed) by applying the explicit code of the commercial finite element analysis software LS-DYNA. The preliminary results show that the greater the axial feed, the greater the loads generated in the axial, the tangential, and the radial directions. At the same time, the larger the axial feed, the more the elements are parallel to the axial direction from the inflection point to the tube opening. Furthermore, using a larger axial feed will also cause the flaring of the tube opening and make the flaring more obvious. In addition, using a larger axial feed will not only cause a greater material accumulation in front of the attack angle, but also a larger material accumulation at the tangential rear of the nose radius. Moreover, the greater the attack angle, the greater the axial load. There is no further significant effect of the corner radius of the spinning tool on the spinning load.
Establishment of the optimal predictive model of die steel SKD 11 micromilling via nanofluid (graphene)/ultrasonic atomizing minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Huang W T , Chen L Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study is mainly utilized nanofluid (graphene) and ultrasonic atomization system to process SKD11 mold steel in micromilling to improve the quality of processed products, find the optimal quality characteristics, and construct an accurate prediction model. In this study, Taguchi’s robust design is adopted. The L18(21×37) orthogonal table is used to find the optimal parameter combinations for each quality characteristic, and the micromilling force and micromilling temperature are used as characteristic indicators. The control variables are the average thickness of nanographene, weight percent concentration, ultrasonic atomization amount, spindle speed, feed rate, air pressure, nozzle angle, nozzle distance. Also, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to predict the micromilling processing mode. Taguchi method is used to optimize the hyper parameters in the neural network to improve the accuracy of the prediction model, reduce the input of the number of training samples, and then build a neural network prediction model that can accurately predict the quality characteristics of micromilling force and micromilling temperature. The prediction results show that the milling force parameter value error between the micromilling force model prediction and the single target optimization is 0.55%. The error between the micromilling temperature model prediction and the single-target optimization of the micromilling temperature value is 5.90%.
Safe MQTT-SN: a lightweight secure encrypted communication in IoT
Authors: Kao T L , Wang H C , Li J E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology trend that has been evolving in recent years. With the development of sensing technology and communication technology, the various applications of IoT are integrated into our lives gradually. Various security issues also need to be resolved with the convenience brought to us by IoT. MQTT or MQTT-SN is a lightweight communication protocol in IoT, which is more compactly on sensor nodes with limited resources. This paper provides a secure connection and end-to-end encrypted communication method which is based on MQTT-SN. By using digital signature (ECDSA), hash function, key exchange (ECDHE), AEAD (ChaCha20-Poly1305) to achieve a safe version of MQTT-SN called Safe MQTT-SN. The Safe MQTT-SN enables an end-to-end encrypted communication between the subscriber and publisher. The implementation of these algorithms enable the Safe MQTT-SN to have good performance on sensor nodes with limited computing power. Comparing with mosquito MQTT-TLS, the handshake time of MQTT-TLS is about 56.12ms and Safe MQTT-SN is about 24.78ms on Zedboard.
Deep learning based chronic kidney disease detection through iris
Authors: Rehman H A U , Lin C Y , Su S F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Kidney is an important organ in human body as it maintains the nutrients and fluid balance in our body. It is extremely beneficial if its dysfunctionality is diagnosed at an early stage. Iridology provides a pathway to examine the kidney disease through iris images. Therefore, in this work we proposed the Iris-based Kidney Disease Identification System (IKDIS). The IKDIS would aid in identifying abnormalities through iris images an input which would be followed by application of deep neural network model for assessment. This type of diagnostic system without involving any instruments for assessment of human body organs is much popular these days. The data of 49 patients gives promising results of IKDIS, achieving overall accuracy of 86.9% during the experiment.