bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bamboo-based temporary house for post disaster relief: A conceptual design and prototype built after Lombok Earthquake 2018
Authors: Fajrin J , Sugiartha IW , Eniarti M , Pathurahman  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an alternative design of a temporary house made of bamboo and its manufacturing process to become a prototype that can be seen by the public. It was expected that by seeing this prototype, the people who lives around disaster affected areas can build their own temporary houses or the government can build it for them. The process was initiated by reviewing the existing designs published previously which were then examined from the perspective and experience of the authors. The next step was defining some basic design criteria by combining findings from literature, author experiences, local conditions and the availability of resources. The proposed conceptual design was then developed based on the design criteria of a temporary house. At the last stage, a prototype of temporary house was constructed as a showcase. This article summarized all these processes which indicated that, to such extent within the boundary condition of the study, bamboo can be practically applied for building a temporary house following earthquake disaster, with a special reference to Lombok Earthquake in 2018.
The seismic responses of RC frames infilled with full and partial masonry walls under cyclic lateral load
Authors: Maidiawati  , Tanjung J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the seismic responses of full and partial brick masonry infilled frames under lateral load. Four test specimens of ¼ scale-down single-story single-bay, including one RC bare frame, one RC frame with a full brick masonry wall, and two RC frames with partial brick masonry walls were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. During the tests, initial crack, cracks propagation, and failure processes of specimens were monitored. Lateral forces and displacements in-plane direction at several points on specimens were recorded. Consequently, it was found the differences of seismic responses between a bare frame, fully masonry infilled frame, and partially masonry infilled frames. Installing full or partial masonry infills in the RC frames structure can change the failure mechanism, increase the lateral strength and stiffness, but decrease the ductility performance of the whole structure.
Seismic performance of earthquake resistant simple residential confined masonry house structure based on permen PUPR No.5 of 2016 specification
Authors: A A Gumilang S , Rusli M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research focused on seismic performance evaluation of earthquake resistant simple landed house using Confined Masonry (CM) structural system which follows technical specifications set forth in regulation of Appendix 2 of Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (Permen PUPR) Nomor 5 tahun 2016 (Permen PUPR No. 5 of 2016). The seismic performance evaluation of the structure is performed by conducting strength based analysis using earthquake loading as specified in SNI 1726:2019. Seismic performance evaluation of Unreinforced Masonry (URM) simple landed house was also performed to be compared. Evaluation result shows that CM house prototype which follows the regulation has good seismic performance. Meanwhile, URM house prototype is inadequate to resist earthquake loads particularly on many locations in Indonesia with moderate to high level of seismicity.
PASMINA: Arts-based tsunami education with an Islamic theme adopted from Nandong Smong
Authors: Maulana I , Raswita L , Karlina S , Zahratunnisa  , Mukarram M H A , Oktari R S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is highly tsunami-prone country. People have difficulty maintaining awareness of the tsunamis. It is therefore very important to build a social system to ensure awareness of disasters and to transfer the lessons future generation.This study aim at developing PASMINA (literally meaning in Indonesia Paket Kesenian untuk Mitigasi Bencana), an arts-based package for disaster mitigation which can be used to educate students about tsunami preparedness. The concept of PASMINA was adopted from Nandong Smong, a local wisdom from Simeulue which also consist of Islamic messages. The PASMINA concept was implemented at one of islamic boarding school in Banda Aceh to obtain students’ feedback and to gain specific ideas and recommendation for changes that lead to improvements to the concepts that were developed. This study used Research and Development approach which consist of: i) Preliminary study, ii) Model’s development, and iii) Model’s testing. The development of PASMINA adapted from Nandong Smong provides benefits for students. PASMINA provide a solution in sustaining the traditional knowledge for disaster risk reduction, and at the same time improving the preparedness towards the tsunami hazard.
National defense perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Octavian A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has been classified as a “Pandemic” by WHO, announced on March 11, 2020. Indonesia has also stipulated the COVID-19 pandemic as a national disaster through Presidential Decree Number 12 of 2020. The spread of COVID-19 has disrupted public health as well as social-economic dimension of the nation. This study aims to understand COVID-19 threat from the perspective of national defense. This research employes comparative method by performing comparison and connectivity analysis of academic, government, and defense perspectives. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic is not a genetically modified biological weapon. Nevertheless, COVID-19 has become a “common enemy” and has established a “common sense of crisis”, which in turns resulted in a “common action” by various countries, including Indonesia. People are expected to have high self-immunity and adaptability to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. In national defense perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic is not a military threat. Therefore, the leading sectors are the Ministry of Health and the National Disaster Management Agency as the related ministries/agencies. The involvement of the TNI and Kemhan in mitigating COVID-19 is based on humanitarian purposes to support the leading sectors in assisting people to overcome their difficulties.
Improving identification of a significant soil layer from CPTU combined with acoustic data
Authors: Degago S A , Kjennbakken H , Kavli A , Watn A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Norwegian Public Roads Administrations (NPRA) plans to build world’s longest floating bridge with 5 km length to cross the 570 m deep fjord Bjørnafjorden. The bridge is planned with mooring systems connecting it to anchors on the seabed. The evaluation of soil condition on the seabed is crucial both for design of the anchoring systems and for the evaluation of possible slides that may affect the foundations. Detailed seabed mapping revealed variable seabed conditions and identified up to 45 historic submarine slides. Sub-bottom profiling data was used to interpret past slide events and their slip planes. The sub-bottom profiling revealed a soil layer that is distinctly visible from acoustic data. This soil layer coincides with the slip plane identified from a number of the historic slides. Identification of this layer is considered important to make more realistic slope stability evaluations. The question is whether it is possible to identify this layer with only geotechnical data, particularly CPTu data. Current approaches to establish soil layering as recommended by NS-EN ISO standard and different CPTU based soil behaviour classification charts are investigated. This work shows that these evaluation approaches do not correspond with the results from acoustic data in a consistent and reliable way. Approaches based on CPTu alone might overlook this important layer. However, by revisiting CPTu measurements in relation to the acoustic data, this work established trends in CPTU data and proposed approaches that could identify this slip plane. This approach is more consistent and ensures that the information from geotechnics and geology complement each other in identifying significant layers. This work illustrates that combining acoustic and CPTu data improves geotechnical interpretation and understanding of critical ground conditions. This approach is considered valuable also for other fjord sediments.
Experimental evaluation of time effect on swelling pressure in high plasticity clay
Authors: Peri E , Nielsen S D , Nielsen B N , Damkilde L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Søvind Marl, a high plasticity overconsolidated Danish Paleogene clay, is a stiff clay known to exhibit swelling potential. The dependency of its swelling pressure on time is investigated by performing constant volume (CV) tests. Long periods of swelling are applied to the samples. Two samples are allowed to swell for 19 weeks, the other two only for 24 hours. The long-lasting tests show that the swelling pressure reaches the maximum value (σ’cv) after 13 weeks of testing, and the change between the σ’cv
and the swelling pressure after 24 hours reaches 38%. In order to correct the underestimation of σ’cv
due to the sampling, a graphical correction of the consolidation curve is made. Due to the characteristic smooth yielding of the Søvind Marl, the graphical correction can be affected by personal interpretation.
Correlation between CBR value and effective strength parameters for engineered fills
Authors: Weber M , Lodahl M R , Brødbæk K T , Leth C T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is a tradition in Tanzania to use the California bearing ratio (CBR) value for the design of embankments. To assess the stability of embankments, slope stability calculations are performed, for which the effective strength parameters are needed. CBR values can be determined from the effective strength parameters based on Meyerhof’s general bearing capacity equations. Contrary to that, from a given CBR value, the effective friction angle is not easily calculated directly, as the relationship between the non-dimensional bearing capacity factors and the friction angle is complex. Moreover, only the resulting CBR value is known, not the strength contribution of the effective cohesion. Present study presents results from disturbed samples obtained from test pits and boreholes which were tested in order to determine the particle size distribution curves and Atterberg limits. On representative samples from different soil groups (AASHTO classes), CBR tests were performed to assess the quality of the fill material. Moreover, a set of isotropically consolidated, drained (CID) triaxial tests were carefully planned on the granular materials (AASHTO classes: A-2-4, A-2-6 and A-2-7) in order to investigate the relationship between CBR value and effective strength parameters of the materials when used as fill (normally consolidated conditions) at different stress levels. Based on 18 CID triaxial tests, a correlation was established which can be used directly to calculate effective strength parameters from CBR values.
Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis for geotechnical engineering: review and research gaps
Authors: Samuelsson I , Larsson S , Spross J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Geotechnical engineering work contributes to the total environmental impact and monetary cost occurring from the construction sector. Decisions made regarding geotechnical engineering aspects have a profound effect on the environmental impact and the monetary cost of the structure during its life cycle. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) are established methods for assessing the environmental impacts and monetary cost from construction works. This paper presents the results from a literature review of 56 published papers regarding the current situation of the use of LCA and LCCA methods in geotechnical engineering. It is found that only limited research has been published in applying LCA and LCCA to geotechnical engineering structures. Further research should focus on developing a framework using LCA and LCCA for geotechnical engineering structures and also identify and fill data gaps in computer software databases. This would help geotechnical engineers in their daily work to reduce the environmental impact and monetary costs throughout the life cycles of the designed structures.
InSAR monitoring data to assess building response to deep excavations
Authors: Ritter S , Frauenfelder R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been growing interest to use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to quantify ground displacements. While InSAR can well determine the area and magnitude of subsidence, very little attention has been paid to explore InSAR measurements to assess the building response adjacent to geotechnical works (e.g., deep excavations, tunnelling). Specifically, few studies have investigated the ability of using InSAR to derive widely accepted building deformation parameters including angular distortion and horizontal strain. On the other hand, geotechnical engineers generally use traditional monitoring data to assess the behaviour of existing structures adjacent to excavations, but often only spatially and temporally limited monitoring data exist to reliably evaluate the governing mechanisms. This contribution follows a case study approach to explore the value of InSAR to quantify the effects of excavation-induced settlements on buildings. Conventional monitoring data of structures adjacent to excavation works for a construction project in Oslo, Norway, are compared to InSAR measurements from satellites with different spatial resolutions and from two different processing methods. Differences between displacements obtained from these different InSAR monitoring datasets and their practical implementation are discussed. Building deformations and respective damage categories are then quantified using a methodology that combines both InSAR and inclinometer measurements. As expected, it was found that high resolution InSAR measurements are more reliable when assessing the building response to excavation works.
Numerical modelling of distinct ice lenses in frost heave
Authors: Amiri S.A. Ghoreishian , Grimstad G. , Gao H. , Kjelstrup S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Frost heave happens when three conditions coincide: the temperature is below the normal freezing point of bulk water, the sub-cooled water is connected to a water reservoir, and the mechanical conditions of the soil allows the ice lens to grow. Upon further penetration of the freezing front, the relative permeability of the soil around the growing ice lens may dramatically decrease, and the ice lens stops growing. Then, if the three requirements for initiating a new ice lens coincide again, another ice lens will appear and start to grow. In this paper, a new thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model has been developed to capture the formation and growth of multiple ice lenses in a freezing ground. Non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory was used to derive the coupled transport equations of heat and mass. Fracture mechanics has been employed to handle the mechanical requirements for the position and growth of ice lens. The governing partial differential equations have been solved using the extended finite element method (X-FEM). In this method, the ice lens is treated as a kind of discontinuity inside the corresponding elements.
BegrensSkade II – REMEDY – Risk Reduction of Groundwork Damage: An Overview
Authors: Langford J , Lande E-J , Sandene T , Kahlstrøm M , Nadim F , Norén-Cosgriff K , Piciullo L , Ritter S , Hauser C , Lysdahl A , Attari Y , Formreide R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deep excavation and foundation works in soft clays can cause large settlements, resulting in damage to neighboring buildings and structures. The costs related to these types of damage can be substantial. There is significant potential for reducing such costs if the causes are better understood and the risk is assessed during planning, design and execution. The research project “BegrensSkade II” (“REMEDY”) focuses on developing guidelines for the main causes of excavation-induced damage related to installation effects, drainage and pore pressure lowering, and vibration effects. In addition, tools to support risk management and decision making in the building process are developed. The project is funded by the Norwegian Research Council with participation from a wide range of consultants, contractors, clients and research institutes in Norway. This paper provides an overview of the work carried out in BegrensSkade II and highlights some initial findings.
Deep soil mixing for stabilising deep excavations
Authors: Vervoorn R R E , Barros A A Santos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Excavating tunnels in Scandinavia can be difficult and costly due to deep layers of soft clay. To reduce cost and risk, traditional steel struts can be replaced by deep soil mixing (DSM) struts, as is done at West Link project in Gothenburg. DSM struts are made by mixing columns of lime and cement with the clay in the shaft, usually in rows or a grid pattern. Retaining walls can be designed more lightly while reducing deformations that might affect adjacent buildings. Also, earthworks can be performed more easily. However, the safety of the shaft is dominated by the acquired undrained shear strength of the DSM columns. This strength is hard to guarantee compared to steel struts. DSM strength has a reputation of being ‘poorly understood’ or ‘variable’, so authorities apply restrictions to DSM application as bottom struts. This article comprehensively studies the acquired strength of DSM for excavation support. Undrained shear strengths measured in 315 tests were investigated and two full scale test excavations were back calculated.
It has been shown that although the achieved shear strength depends on many different input parameters, when these inputs are taken into account, the acquired shear strength can be predicted. Important inputs are curing time and temperature, soil natural shear strength, confining stress, binder quantity and binder composition. Particularly the curing time has a great impact and improvements are suggested for dealing with measurements made with incomplete curing. It is proven that the acquired DSM shear strength can be much higher than current restrictions of 100 kPa and a strength prediction formula is proposed that takes these inputs into account.
Analytical solution for two-phase flow of silica sol grouting in homogeneous fractures
Authors: Zou Liangchao , Sandström Heikki , Cvetkovic Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we present an analytical model for modelling two-phase flow of silica sol grouting in a single rock fracture. This model considers the time-dependent rheological property of the silica sol. The impact of groundwater flow in silica sol grouting is investigated by comparing the results of the present two-phase flow model with that of the single-phase flow model ignoring the groundwater flow. It generally shows that the groundwater flow significantly affects the pressure distribution and grouts penetration in the fracture. Ignoring the groundwater flow in single-phase flow models will underestimate the pressure at the propagation front and overestimate the propagation length. The analytical model presented in this study is able to describe the more realistic two-phase processes in rock grouting, which can be readily used in practice to reduce the potential uncertainties in the application of previous simplified analytical models.
The patterns of lead and copper levels in the vicinity of heavy metal sources in Lampung, the southern part of Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Febriansyah M R , Septiana L M , Supriatin S , Salam A K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals may easily move through the air system and may deposit and accumulate in the soil system by water precipitation away from their sources. This research aimed to evaluate the soil concentrations of Pb and Cu in the vicinity of several sources of heavy metals in Lampung, the southern part of Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected at distances of 0 (Central Points) to 500 m from the presumed centers of heavy metal sources, including industrial areas, heavily traffic/railroads, and the residential areas of Panjang (Bandar Lampung City), Tanjung Bintang, and Natar (South Lampung Regency). The results show similar patterns of Pb and Cu distributions along with the sampling points. The soil concentrations of Pb and Cu were highest at the central points (0 m) and decreased with distances towards the farthest sampling points of 500 m. The concentrations of Pb and Cu in Panjang were higher than those in Tanjung Bintang and Natar.
Community perception on the utilization of natural resources in the Cisadane Watershed
Authors: Salampessy M L , Febryano I G , Widhyastini I G A M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The communities living around the upstream area of the Cisadane Watershed have carried out various activities to utilize the natural resources around them. Community interaction with natural resources also correlates with community perceptions of watersheds and resources that can be used by the community. The purpose of this study is to explain the form of community interaction and perceptions in the use of natural resources around the watershed. The results showed that various forms of community interaction included land use for settlements along rivers, micro-economic activities and land use for gardens. The public perception of the watershed shows that 50.8% of the community do not know the concept of watershed well, 69.2% of community know that the environmental conditions around the watershed have undergone various changes, 53.8% of the community generally do not know the functions and functions the role of watershed and 58.5% of the community knows enough about how to utilize the potential of natural resources around the watershed. The government and related parties are expected to be able to make various policies in directing the community to use natural resources that uphold the sustainable aspects of watershed functions and the active role of the community.
Impact of the Sunda Strait tsunami on fish production and environment in South Lampung Regency, Lampung
Authors: Riantini M , Zakaria W A , Listiana I , Ulfa P N , Mutolib A , Widyastuti R A D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tsunami impact on capture fisheries production and environment in the area of South Lampung Regency of Lampung Province is necessarily assessed. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami on capture production and environment. The study was conducted from January to March 2020 in Way Muli Village, Rajabasa Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency through the case study method. The data used in this research consisted of primary and secondary data. The method of data analysis applied was the quantitative and qualitative method. The result of the study indicated that the Sunda Strait Tsunami negatively affected the quantity of fish captured by fishermen. In average, capture production decreased from 41.35 kg/month to 16.35 kg/month or approximately 60.5%. The Tsunami also caused a negative impact on the environmental aspect, namely declining clean water availability, damaged village infrastructure, poor environmental sanitation, damaged fishing settlement, and damaged fishing support facility. The support from multi-stakeholder is also needed to increase capture production through the reconstruction of the damaged fisheries facility and infrastructure due to Tsunami. Moreover, it is required to establish a multistakeholder integrated partnership to solve problems of environment and infrastructure in Way Muli Village following the Tsunami disaster.