bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRIPS-HI, a novel spectral imager for ground based measurements of mesopause temperatures
Authors: Stehr Johannes , Knieling Peter , Olschewski Friedhelm , Mantel Klaus , Kaufmann Martin , Koppmann Ralf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The NDMC (Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change) is a global network of measurement sites dedicated to the surveillance of the mesopause region. One main objective of the network is the early identification of climate signals. A key parameter is the mesopause temperature which can be derived from the emission spectrum of a layer of vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH) at an altitude of approximately

87

km

87\hspace{0.1667em}\text{km}

. Foremost, emission lines in the SWIR regime between

1520

nm

1520\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nm}

and

1550

nm

1550\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nm}

are of interest for remote temperature sensing. This report deals with the development of a new generation of GRIPS instruments, which are commonly employed for the observation of mesopause temperatures. The new prototype demonstrates how the application of so called Spatial Heterodyne Interferometers (SHI) can overcome the limitations of currently used grating spectrometers, in terms of spectral resolution and optical throughput. The presented prototype proposes improvements in optical throughput and spectral resolution of about one order of magnitude, significantly reducing the uncertainties of the measured mesopause temperatures. Furthermore, an SHI can be built in monolithic configurations which are aligned and characterized once during assembly without the need of realignment at the measurement site. This makes SHI based instruments ideal for mobile applications.
Egy új, mégis régi Németország születése
Authors: Maróti Dávid 
Published: September 2021

The year 1945 brought a radical change in the German history. The total defeat landed the Reich in difficulty. On the territory of the German Reich four entities have been established which could only get in touch with each other if the Allied Powers allowed them. The Allies took over the supreme power after Germany’s unconditional surrender. The old-new German political parties had to face the state building under hard circumstances such as the lack of sovereignty. The postwar chaos could be overcome in four years, therefore two new states have been rebuilt on the territory of the ‘Third Reich’. This study is restricted to present the birth of West Germany also known as Federal Republic of Germany from 1948 when the Western Powers officially announced the establishment of a federal state in the West German area.
Transient Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Causes Region- and Cell Type-Dependent Functional Deficits in the Mouse HippocampusIn Vitro
Authors: Grube Paul , Heuermann Cedric , Rozov Andrei , Both Martin , Draguhn Andreas , Hefter Dimitri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeurons are highly vulnerable to conditions of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) such as stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Recovery of cognitive and behavioral functions requires re-emergence of coordinated network activity, which, in turn, relies on the well-orchestrated interaction of pyramidal cells (PYRs) and interneurons. We therefore modelled HI in the mouse hippocampus, a particularly vulnerable region showing marked loss of PYR and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) after hypoxic-ischemic insults. Transient oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) inex vivohippocampal slices led to a rapid loss of neuronal activity and spontaneous network oscillations (sharp wave-ripple complexes; SPW-Rs), and to the occurrence of a spreading depolarization. Following reperfusion, both SPW-R and neuronal spiking resumed, but FSI activity remained strongly reduced compared with PYR. Whole-cell recordings in CA1 PYR revealed, however, a similar reduction of both EPSCs and IPSCs, leaving inhibition-excitation (I/E) balance unaltered. At the network level, SPW-R incidence was strongly reduced and the remaining network events showed region-specific changes including reduced ripple energy in CA3 and increased ripple frequency in CA1. Together, our data show that transient hippocampal energy depletion results in severe functional alterations at the cellular and network level. While I/E balance is maintained, synaptic activity, interneuron spiking and coordinated network patterns remain reduced. Such alterations may be network-level correlates of cognitive and functional deficits after cerebral HI.
Excessive Laughter-like Vocalizations, Microcephaly, and Translational Outcomes in theUbe3aDeletion Rat Model of Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Berg Elizabeth L. , Jami Shekib A. , Petkova Stela P. , Berz Annuska , Fenton Timothy A. , Lerch Jason P. , Segal David J. , Gray John A. , Ellegood Jacob , Wöhr Markus , Silverman Jill L. 
Published: September 2021

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disabilities, motor and balance deficits, impaired communication, and a happy, excitable demeanor with frequent laughter. We sought to elucidate a preclinical outcome measure in male and female rats that addressed communication abnormalities of AS and other neurodevelopmental disorders in which communication is atypical and/or lack of speech is a core feature. We discovered, and herein report for the first time, excessive laughter-like 50 kHz ultrasonic emissions in theUbe3amat–/pat+rat model of AS, which suggests an excitable, playful demeanor and elevated positive affect, similar to the demeanor of individuals with AS. Also in line with the AS phenotype,Ube3amat–/pat+rats demonstrated aberrant social interactions with a novel partner, distinctive gait abnormalities, impaired cognition, an underlying LTP deficit, and profound reductions in brain volume. These unique, robust phenotypes provide advantages compared with currently available mouse models and will be highly valuable as outcome measures in the evaluation of therapies for AS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurogenetic disorder for which there is no cure, despite decades of research using mouse models. This study used a recently developed rat model of AS to delineate disease-relevant outcome measures to facilitate therapeutic development. We found the rat to be a strong model of AS, offering several advantages over mouse models by exhibiting numerous AS-relevant phenotypes, including overabundant laughter-like vocalizations, reduced hippocampal LTP, and volumetric anomalies across the brain. These findings are unconfounded by detrimental motor abilities and background strain, issues plaguing mouse models. This rat model represents an important advancement in the field of AS, and the outcome metrics reported herein will be central to the therapeutic pipeline.
EFFECT OF CRYSTALLINITY TO OVERPOTENTIAL ON Ni₃Fe ALLOY AS ELECTROCATALYST IN HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION
Authors: Mu'minah Qonita , Rochliadi Achmad , Patah Aep 
Published: September 2021

EFFECT OF CRYSTALLINITY TO OVERPOTENTIAL ON Ni3Fe ALLOY AS ELECTROCATALYST IN HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION. Ni-Fe alloys can be used as electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline solution. HER consumed highly energy and overpotential driven. The overpotential value corresponding to the electron transfer in reaction can be affected either by metal combination or alloy as a cathode. Ni₃Fe alloy had been successfully synthesized by the electrodeposition method using direct-current (DC) on a 304 L type stainless steel substrate. The modified Watts bath deposition was used NiCl2·6H2O and FeCl3·6H2O as precursors of the alloy. The optimum conditions of the reaction were obtained at pH of the solution is 2.20±0.02 with 25 mA/cm² current density at 55 °C for 160 minutes. Ni₃Fe alloy was characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrocatalytic property of Ni3Fe alloy was electrochemically measured in 1 M KOH solution by polarization method using a Tafel plot with a scanning rate of 1 mV/s. As a result, the mass ratio of Ni²+ /Fe³+ in bath deposition influenced the electrocatalytic property of Ni₃Fe alloy. Ni₃Fe alloy with a higher crystallinity lowered the overpotential value of HER up to 67% compared to Ni metal.
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF ODS STEEL FeCrY2O3 PROCESSING WITH CAPSULATED SINTERING PROCESS.
Authors: Silalahi Marzuki , Bandriyana Bernardus , Bayu Harum Andriadi , Sugeng Bambang , Salam Rohmad 
Published: September 2021

EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF ODS STEEL FeCrY2O3 PROCESSING WITH CAPSULATED SINTERING PROCESS. A new method on the synthesis of ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) steel for advanced nuclear material was performed by ultrasonic treatment to improve the consolidation process. The raw material of Fe, Cr and Y2O3powder with the composition of Fe-15 wt% Cr, 0.5 wt% and Ytria (Y2O3) as disperzoid were processed by the powder metallurgy method with the main process of pre-alloying, iso-compaction and sintering process. The pre-alloying process was carried out by mixing the alloying elements using ultrasonically treatment at frquency of 20 kHz with variation of 40, 50 and 60 % amplitude. Iso-compaction process was done using the load of 800 psi to obtain a pellet-shaped sample, then continued by the sintering process for consolidation. The sintering process was done in two stages, 1-step sintering and 2-steps sintering, using the heating furnace by putting the sample in a quartz capsule to prevent oxidation attack. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Micro-hardness tests were carried out to analyze the microstructure and phase formation in relation to the consolidation process. The highest hardness occurred in the addition of treatment with an amplitude of 60% which produces a micro structure with the most fine grain. For 1-step sintering process, the highest hardness of 134.51 VHN obtained at 40 % amplitude. The hardness of the alloy depends on the size of the grain boundary associated with the difficulty of the dislocation movement.
BIOREDUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH
Authors: Suhartati Siti , Saputra Iwan Syahjoko , Rahmi Dwinna , Yulizar Yoki , Sudirman Sudirman 
Published: September 2021

BIOREDUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (OPEFB). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was successfully carried out by extracting oil palm empty fruit bunch. The precursor used was silver nitrate (AgNO3) with a concentration of 9x10-4 M and 5 wt% of the oil palm empty fruit bunch extract. OPEFB acted as a capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The bioreduction method Ag+ to Ag0 produced a silver nanoparticle colloid in brown color. The results of the UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the silver nanoparticles colloids spectrum at a wavelength of 420 nm with an absorbance value of 0.5. FTIR shows the reduction and shift of absorption peak in the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) at wavenumbers of 3323 cm-1 and the presence of absorption peaks at 560 cm-1. While, XRD pattern showed the specific crystallinity peaks of silver nanoparticles at 2θ: 33.24°; 39.98°; 61.23°; dan 79.13° respectively with the face-centered cubic crystal structure (FCC) and crystallite size of 15 nm. PSA analysis showed two specific peaks with an average size distribution silver nanoparticles of 43.5 nm and a PDI value of 0.4. Analysis of TEM shows the average particle size of 20 nm with a spherical particle shape.
A SYNERGISTIC ABSORPTION AND PLASMONIC EFFECT OF SiO2@Au@TiO2 IN TiO2 PHOTOANODE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS
Authors: Pakpahan Matius Nata , Hartanto Aldi , Gultom Yonatan Davidson , Fadhilah Nur , Risanti Doty Dewi 
Published: September 2021

A SYNERGISTIC ABSORPTION AND PLASMONIC EFFECT OF SiO2@Au@TiO2 IN A TiO2 PHOTOANODE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS. A method for increasing the visible-light harvesting of a TiO2 anatase photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells by incorporating plasmonic nanostructures was developed. Sidoarjo mud as the SiO2 source was used to successfully synthesized core/multishell SiO2@Au@TiO2, with varying amounts of Au (60, 90, and 120 mL). In addition, the core/multishell fractions in TiO2 paste were varied, i.e., 0.5%, 1%, and 5%. The UV–Vis spectrum shows that a more ripple spectrum at higher wavelengths is obtained with increasing Au content, as suggested by the presence of large Au nanoparticles; however, a similar value of efficiency is observed for all sample variations studied compared to a pure TiO2 photoanode. The incident photon-to-current efficiency reveals that all photoanodes containing the core/multishell SiO2@Au@TiO2 studied show somewhat broader and enhanced spectra for all studied wavelengths compared to the pure TiO2 photoanode, resulting from the synergistic effect between plasmonic nanostructures and the presence of silica that boost the absorption to higher wavelengths.
SYNTHESIS POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE EPOXY FeNdB-Cu FOR RADAR ABSORBER COATING APPLICATION
Authors: Latifah Sri Mulyati , Prajitno Djoko Hadi , Syukron Muhammad Fadhil 
Published: September 2021

SYNTHESIS POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE EPOXY FeNdB-Cu FOR RADAR ABSORBER COATING APPLICATION. Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a technology using the principle of electromagnetic for detecting, measuring, and mapping target coordinates. So stealth technology was created to tackle these threats, one of which is the radar absorber coating method (RAC). This research aims to identify the effect addition of Cu to Fe-Nd-B radar absorber material as polymer matrix composite (PMC). The processes were done by powder metallurgy method, started by milling and mechanical alloying process using planetary ball mill for 60 minutes 1000 rpm, 25 kg/mm2 of compaction load, and sintering at the temperature 1000 oC for 3 hours. The coating process was carried out conventional method as much as 1 layer, the variation of resin and magnetic powder are (95:5), (90:10), and (85:5) with the addition of Cu 1%wt. Based on the characterization the lowest RL was obtained at the composition (85:15) with the value 32.08 dB at the frequency of 10.36 GHz, magnetic characterization after doping addition coercivity 0.096 kOe and Saturation 5.22 kG. PMC hardness was raising following to addition of magnetic powder with the 29.2 HD Shore D, and adhesivity value was decreased following to addition of magnetic powder to 0.5 MPa.
El efecto de la edad relativa en la formación y promoción de jugadores de fútbol U23
Authors: Martín Barrero Alberto , Martínez Cabrera Francisco Ignacio 
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de la edad relativa en los jugadores de fútbol de los equipos U23 de LaLiga Santander, su influencia en las diferentes demarcaciones y la relación con la promoción de jugadores de equipos U23 a clubes de fútbol profesional. Se analizaron los jugadores (n=438), de un total de 20 equipos de categoría U23 durante la temporada 2018-2019 y se contabilizaron aquellos jugadores que llegaban a la élite en las siguientes 3 temporadas. Para analizar el efecto de la edad relativa (RAE), se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi cuadrado para comparar la distribución de los meses del año por trimestres y semestres atendiendo al mes de nacimiento de los jugadores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en la comparación del número de jugadores que llegaban a la élite según los trimestres o semestres del año favorable a los futbolistas nacidos en los primeros meses del año. Estos resultados mostraron como tanto los jugadores que componían los equipos U23 como aquellos que llegaban a jugar a alto nivel en los siguientes 3 años estaban condicionados por el efecto de la edad relativa, es decir, por el mes de su nacimiento. En cuanto a la demarcación, tan solo los porteros, no estaban influenciados por el efecto del RAE. Dicho esto, se podría señalar que hay influencia de la edad relativa sobre el porcentaje de jugadores que llegan a jugar en equipos U23 y en alto nivel.
Eosinopenia as a marker of outcome in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Biradar Sneha , Teli Balakrishna , N. Prashanth V. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the fourth leading cause of death in the world.Acute exacerbation of COPD has 10% mortality rate at admission and 1/3rd die within a year of hospitalization. Eosinopenia typically accompanies the response to acute inflammation or infection. The objective of this study was to know whether eosinopenia is an economical marker in predicting the outcome in patients hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of COPD.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 121 patients presenting with AECOPD satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria admitted in hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. All necessary investigations were done. Patients with AECOPD were divided in two groups: One with eosinopenia and other without eosinopenia. Duration of hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality was assessed in both the groups. Results: Among 121 patients with AECOPD, 56 were eosinopenic and 65 patients were non-eosinopenic. Majority of patients belonged to age group of 51-60 years with mean age was 62.06±10.783 years. Duration of hospitalization of patients with eosinopenia was 9.04±5.18 days and that of patients without eosinopenia was 6.15±2.89 (p value<0.001). Among them, 41 (73.2%) patients with eosinopenia and 21 (32.3%) patients without eosinopenia needed mechanical ventilation (p≤0.001). In-hospital mortality rates among eosinopenic and non-eosinopenic patients were 53.6% and 15.4% respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between eosinopenia and outcomes of patients with AECOPD. Thus, eosinopenia is a useful, easy-to-measure, inexpensive biomarker for predicting the prognosis and outcome in patients with AECOPD.
Utilización de la fibra de banana (musa sapientum) proveniente de los pseudotallos para la elaboración de papel y el aprovechamiento de residuos agrícolas
Authors: Yagual Carolina , Hedoíza Veroníca , Cevallo Ana , Zambrano Veridian , Llive Pamela , Carvajal Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Ecuador es uno de los mayores productores y exportadores de banano a nivel mundial, dejando residuos de tipo orgánico, plásticos y cartones no reutilizados. La presente revisión bibliográfica analizó el aprovechamiento de los residuos de la Banana (Musa sapientum), por el potencial que tiene la fibra de esta fruta extraída principalmente de los pseudotallos, para la elaboración de papel. La investigación detalla que la obtención de la fibra comienza con la separación de lignina de la celulosa por medio de un digestor, seguido por las etapas de lavado, blanqueado, golpeado, prensado y secado. Su composición química de bajo contenido de lignina y alto contenido de alfa celulosa permite su reutilización para la elaboración de
papel de buena calidad, biodegradable, económico y no tóxico. El análisis de la información y los datos recopilados mostraría que posee propiedades mecánicas como absorción, densidad, flexibilidad y resistencia, comparables con la fibra maderera. El proceso investigado, haría más eficiente y eficaz la cadena de producción del banano al reducir las pérdidas, con posibilidades de expandirse a un mundo globalizado que tiende a procesos más ecológicos. Debido a ello, a futuro se espera poner en práctica la fabricación de este tipo de papel.
ТЕПЛООБМЕН ПРИ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ ЖИДКОСТИ В КОЛЬЦЕВОМ КАНАЛЕ, ЗАПОЛНЕННОМ ПОРИСТОЙ СРЕДОЙ
Authors: Дехтярь Руслан Анатольевич 
Published: September 2021

Актуальность работы обусловлена широким использованием пористых сред как при проектировании и оптимизации компактных теплообменников, так и в инженерных расчётах характеристик тепломассообмена в каналах с зернистой средой и при обтекании тел, погруженных в пористую среду. Цель: экспериментальное исследование процесса переноса тепла от стенки кольцевого канала к фильтрующейся через пористую вставку жидкости при различных режимах течения; получение полуэмпирических корреляций для теплообмена в инерционном режиме фильтрации жидкости в кольцевом канале. Объект: кольцевой канал с пористой вставкой, состоящей из стеклянных шариков одного диаметра с разными типами как регулярных, так и хаотических упаковок. Методы: экспериментальные методы поиска закономерностей процессов теплообмена. В опытах с помощью термопар измерялась температура обогреваемой внешней стенки кольцевого канала в четырех сечениях и температура нагревателя в двух разных точках. Также измерялись температуры на входе в рабочий участок и на выходе из него. Одновременно с тепловыми исследованиями измерялся расход жидкости при фильтрации через пористую вставку. Пористость определялась обычным весовым способом. В специальных тарировочных опытах отдельно определялись тепловые потери рабочего участка. Расчет коэффициента теплоотдачи проводился по подводимому потоку тепла к наружной стенке кольцевого канала с учетом тепловых потерь и по разности измеряемой температуры стенки и среднемассовой температуры жидкости в данном сечении. Результаты. Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования теплообмена фильтрационного потока жидкости со стенками кольцевого канала, заполненного пористой средой, при постоянном тепловом потоке на внешней стенке. Исследование проводилось на кольцевых каналах с различной шириной. По ширине канала укладывался или один слой шаров одного диаметра с двумя типами упаковок: кубической и ромбоэдрической, или несколько слоев шаров, но уже с произвольной упаковкой (от 3 до 10 шаров по ширине канала). При обработке экспериментальных данных в качестве определяющего геометрического параметра выбран гидравлический диаметр зерна. Показано, что в зависимости от режима фильтрации через пористую вставку существуют различные законы теплообмена. Так, для турбулентного режима фильтрации полученные данные для теплообмена хорошо обобщаются универсальным «законом двух третей». Приведено сравнение с данными других авторов для теплообмена в кольцевом канале и в круглой трубе. Показано, что в инерционном режиме фильтрации теплообмен соответствует закономерности Nu~Re1/2.
THE CLASS OBSERVERS AND THEIR SUBJECT POSITION (S) IN THE ELT FIELD
Authors: Martínez Luengas Miguel 
Published: September 2021

Las observaciones de clase son prácticas constantes llevadas a cabo en el campo del ELT (Enseñanza del idioma inglés). Cuando una persona comienza a estudiar para ser profesor de inglés, esta persona observa los contextos escolares, observa los profesores en los colegios / universidades y también esa persona es observada por el profesor y / o coordinadores. De la misma manera, la observación se utiliza para evaluar los procesos pedagógicos / académicos, se utiliza para retroalimentar, para recoger información en procesos de investigación, entre otros. Sin embargo, hay algunas preguntas relevantes sobre este tema, por ejemplo, ¿quién está observando las clases? ¿para qué se observa? ¿Existen diferentes posiciones del observador?
Este artículo pretende indagar sobre los aspectos desconocidos detrás de las observaciones de clases de inglés y principalmente, explorar las posiciones de los observadores (sujetos que circulan en esta práctica). Estas posiciones están en constante movimiento y poseen voces, emociones, luchas, deseos y más características dentro de los observadores de la clase en el campo del ELT. El propósito de este texto tiene que ver con la aparición de las diversas posiciones del sujeto observador en el campo del ELT.