bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Saweri Olga P. M. , Batura Neha , Al Adawiyah Rabiah , Causer Louise M. , Pomat William S. , Vallely Andrew J. , Wiseman Virginia 
Published: June 2021

Background
Sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Point-of-care tests for these infections facilitate testing and treatment in a single antenatal clinic visit and may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. Successful implementation and scale-up depends on understanding comparative effectiveness of such programmes and their comparative costs and cost effectiveness. This systematic review synthesises and appraises evidence from economic evaluations of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched using pre-determined criteria. Additional literature was identified by searching Google Scholar and the bibliographies of all included studies. Economic evaluations were eligible if they were set in low- and middle-income countries and assessed antenatal point-of-care testing and treatment for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and/or bacterial vaginosis. Studies were analysed using narrative synthesis. Methodological and reporting standards were assessed using two published checklists.

Results
Sixteen economic evaluations were included in this review; ten based in Africa, three in Latin and South America and three were cross-continent comparisons. Fifteen studies assessed point-of-care testing and treatment for syphilis, while one evaluated chlamydia. Key drivers of cost and cost-effectiveness included disease prevalence; test, treatment, and staff costs; test sensitivity and specificity; and screening and treatment coverage. All studies met 75% or more of the criteria of the Drummond Checklist and 60% of the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards.

Conclusions
Generally, point-of-care testing and treatment was cost-effective compared to no screening, syndromic management, and laboratory-based testing. Future economic evaluations should consider other common infections, and their lifetime impact on mothers and babies. Complementary affordability and equity analyses would strengthen the case for greater investment in antenatal point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections.
Investigate the risk factors of stunting, wasting, and underweight among under-five Bangladeshi children and its prediction based on machine learning approach
Authors: Rahman S. M. Jubaidur , Ahmed N. A. M. Faisal , Abedin Md. Menhazul , Ahammed Benojir , Ali Mohammad , Rahman Md. Jahanur , Maniruzzaman Md. 
Published: June 2021

Aims
Malnutrition is a major health issue among Bangladeshi under-five (U5) children. Children are malnourished if the calories and proteins they take through their diet are not sufficient for their growth and maintenance. The goal of the research was to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to detect the risk factors of malnutrition (stunted, wasted, and underweight) as well as their prediction.

Methods
This work utilized malnutrition data that was derived from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey which was conducted in 2014. The selected dataset consisted of 7079 children with 13 factors. The potential risks of malnutrition have been identified by logistic regression (LR). Moreover, 3 ML classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and LR) have been implemented for predicting malnutrition and the performance of these ML algorithms were assessed on the basis of accuracy.

Results
The average prevalence of stunted, wasted, and underweight was 35.4%, 15.4%, and 32.8%, respectively. It was noted that LR identified five risk factors for stunting and underweight, as well as four factors for wasting. Results illustrated that RF can be accurately classified as stunted, wasted, and underweight children and obtained the highest accuracy of 88.3% for stunted, 87.7% for wasted, and 85.7% for underweight.

Conclusion
This research focused on the identification and prediction of major risk factors for stunting, wasting, and underweight using ML algorithms which will aid policymakers in reducing malnutrition among Bangladesh’s U5 children.
Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis on N stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Pan Xin-Bin , Huang Shi-Ting , Qu Song , Chen Kai-Hua , Jiang Yan-Ming , Zhu Xiao-Dong 
Published: June 2021

Purposes
To evaluate retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis on N stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
NPC patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2016. Pathologically confirmed patients with complete data of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis were investigated. The included patients were divided into N1a and N1b groups. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses.

Results
This retrospective cohort study examined 759 patients: 70 who were stage N1a and 689 who were stage N1b. Before PSM, N1a group was associated with similar 5-year OS (77.7% vs. 72.4%; P = 0.15) and CSS (85.6% vs. 79.9%; P = 0.09) compared to N1b group. After PSM, a similar OS (75.0% vs. 60.7%; P = 0.12) was found between the radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy groups. However, N1a group showed a better 5-year CSS (83.8% vs. 71.1%; P = 0.04) compared to N1b group. Stage N1b was an independent risk prognostic factor for CSS (hazard ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–6.34; P = 0.04).

Conclusions
OS was not different between N1a and N1b groups. Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis defined as stage N1 of the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system is reasonable.
Reduced muscle mass as predictor of intensive care unit hospitalization in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Giraudo Chiara , Librizzi Giovanni , Fichera Giulia , Motta Raffaella , Balestro Elisabetta , Calabrese Fiorella , Carretta Giovanni , Cattelan Anna Maria , Navalesi Paolo , Pelloso Michela , Plebani Mario , Rea Federico , Vettor Roberto , Vianello Andrea , Stramare Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
To evaluate if reduced muscle mass, assessed with Computed Tomography (CT), is a predictor of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
In this Institution Review Board approved study, we retrospectively evaluated COVID-19 patients treated in our tertiary center from March to November 2020 who underwent an unenhanced chest CT scan within three weeks from hospitalization.We recorded the mean Hounsfield Unit (Hu) value of the right paravertebral muscle at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, the hospitalization unit (ICU and COVID-19 wards), clinical symptoms, Barthel Index, and laboratory findings.Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess if muscle loss (Hu<30) is a predictor of ICU admission and outcome.Fisher’s exact and Student’s tests were applied to evaluate if differences between patients with and without muscle loss occurred (p<0.05).

Results
One-hundred-fifty patients matched the inclusion criteria (46 females; mean age±SD 61.3±15 years-old), 36 treated in ICU. Patients in ICU showed significantly lower Hu values (29±24 vs 39.4±12, p = 0.001). Muscle loss was a predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.004).Patients with muscle loss were significantly older (73.4±10 vs 56.4±14 years), had lower Barthel Index scores (54.4±33 vs 85.1±26), red blood-cell count (3.9±1 vs 4.6±1×1012L−1), and Hb levels (11.5±2 vs 13.2±2g/l) as well as higher white blood-cell count (9.4±7 vs 7.2±4×109L−1), C-reactive protein (71.5±71 vs 44±48U/L), and lactate dehydrogenase levels (335±163 vs 265.8±116U/L) (p<0.05, each).

Conclusions
Muscle loss seems to be a predictor of ICU hospitalization in COVID-19 patients and radiologists reporting chest CT at admission should note this finding in their reports.
A Study on Quality of Work Life of Employees in LPG Bottling Plant
Authors: Nanjundeswaraswamy T. S. , Renuka Swamy Devappa , Srinivasaiah Rashmi 
Published: June 2021

Goal: Quality of Work Life (QWL) draws more attention in the present context, and it is a multidimensional construct. The oil and gas industries have realized the significance of employees' QWL to retain and attract a talented workforce in the competitive job market. This study examines the status of QWL of employees in the LPG Bottling Industry.
Design / Methodology / Approach: A measuring scale was designed and validated to evaluate the employees QWL working in the LPG bottling plant. The data for the study was gathered from 435 employees working in four LPG bottling industries. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), predominant components of QWL are identified. With the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the designed scale is validated. With percentage analysis and chi-square analysis, the data was analyzed, and meaningful inferences were drawn.
Results: EFA and CFA resulted in four components of QWL with 19 items representing superior model fit. The model fit indices reported from the model namely Chi-Square value = 399.020; CMIN = 2.978, AGFI = 0.900; CFI = 0.937; GFI = 0.915; IFI = 0.938; NFI = 0.909; TLI = 0.920 and RMSEA = 0.068 are in the acceptable range. 51.5% of the respondents expressed to be satisfied with present condition of QWL. The research outcome revealed that among demographical characteristics, nature of activities significantly impacts on the status of QWL of employees.
Limitations of the investigation: The data was collected from 435 employees working in four industries because of time constraints.
Practical implications: This research's outcome will help the policymakers of LPG Bottling industries to implement QWL interventions for improving the work-life of employees.
Originality/value: The present paper is one among the few studies carried out in the oil and gas sector as minimal research has been done in this area.
Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography for Detecting Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Li Rongjuan , Xie Jinjie , Jiang Bo , Sun Zhonghua , Wang Lvya , Leng Zhaoting , Wang Yueli , Yang Ya 
Published: June 2021

Myocardial ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction have been documented in young adults with familial hypercholesterolemia. We investigated whether speckle-tracking echocardiography can be used to detect subclinically impaired global and regional myocardial function in patients with this lipid disorder.
This single-center study included 47 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and 37 healthy control subjects who underwent transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography from January 2003 through December 2016. Conventional echocardiographic and strain parameters in the 2 groups were analyzed and compared.
Left ventricular dimensions were significantly larger at end-diastole (P=0.02) and end-systole (P=0.013), left ventricular walls were significantly thicker (P <0.0001), and the early transmitral/early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio was significantly higher (P=0.006) in the patient group than in the control group. In the patient group, global longitudinal and circumferential strain values were significantly lower (P <0.0001) and global radial strain values significantly higher (P=0.006); all segmental longitudinal strain (P <0.04) and most segmental circumferential strain values (P ≤0.01) were significantly lower; and some segmental radial strains, especially at the apex, were significantly higher (P ≤0.04). However, average longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strains in the different segments of the 3 main coronary artery territories were significantly lower in the patient group (P <0.01). Global longitudinal strain (r=0.561; P=0.001) and global circumferential strain (r=0.565; P <0.0001) were inversely correlated with low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
We conclude that speckle-tracking echocardiography can be used to detect subclinical global and regional systolic abnormalities in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Preparing ABSN students for early entry and success in the clinical setting: flipping both class and skills lab with the Socratic Method
Authors: Harlan Melissa Dawn , Beach Michael , Blazeck Alice 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Accelerated Second Degree BSN (ABSN) students have limited time to gain expertise. Reaching competency in skills takes weeks, delaying the application and mastery of skills in clinical practice. Our objective is to describe how our ABSN program fundamentals of nursing course enhances learning effectiveness and prepares students for successful entry into nursing.

Methods
Using the Socratic Method and flipping the classroom and skills lab, with deliberate practice techniques, ABSN students quickly gain competence in core aspects of nursing. Rapid acquisition of competence early in the program allows for a meaningful clinical experience.

Results
NCLEX pass rates for our ABSN graduates averaged 93.84% over the past 4 years, and students report high levels of satisfaction with the program.

Conclusions
Using the Socratic Method in a flipped classroom and skills lab provides an environment that engages students, fosters NCLEX success, and supports development of clinical judgment critical for positive patient outcomes.
“Look at What They’ve Turned Us Into”: Reading the Story of Lot’s Daughters with Trauma Theory and The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Cobb Kirsi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The story of Lot’s daughters’ incest with their father in Genesis 19:30–38 has been variously understood as a myth, a trickster tale, and an androcentric phantasy. In this paper, I will use insights gained from trauma theory, as well as from the characters of Emily and Moira in the Hulu adaptation of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, to evaluate the daughters’ actions. Studying the characters in the final form of the text, the women undergo traumatic experiences as their father offers their bodies to be raped (Gen. 19:7–8) and they witness the destruction of their home (Gen. 19:24–25). Consequently, they engage in what could be described as a traumatic re-enactment with their father, where the roles of the perpetrator and the victim are reversed, and the continuation of the patriarchal line is simultaneously guaranteed. Read in conjunction with the fates of Emily and Moira, the daughters’ experience could be summarized in Emily’s observation, “Look at what they’ve turned us into.” In the lives of all the women, the experience of cumulative and direct trauma influenced their decision making as well as the choices they had available. This leaves the audience in a moment of uncertainty, where evaluating the women’s actions becomes a complex, even an impossible prospect.
Fostering creativity in the classroom.
Authors: Echegoyen Sanz Yolanda , Martín-Ezpeleta Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Aim. The aim of this work is to present a qualitative analysis of the movie proposals prepared by preservice teachers in the context of an educational experience around the ecofeminist movement. The responses to a final questionnaire about sustainability awareness are also analysed.
Methods. The participants were 47 alumni of the Grades of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education at a Spanish university. After a lecture about ecofeminism and reading a series of fragments of the young literature novel Yabarí by Lola Robles (2017), preservice teachers had to prepare the proposal for an ecofeminist movie, with a synopsis, plot, characters description, cast, and the script for a key scene. To assess the experience the students completed a questionnaire about different aspects of the proposal at the end of the semester, along with a validated questionnaire about sustainability awareness.
Results and conclusion. The analysis of the ecofeminist movies prepared and the responses to the questionnaires shows how the students were able to assimilate the ecofeminist thesis and incorporate them to their reflection about sustainability. This is also manifested in the results of the “Attitudes toward Sustainable Development scale”, which indicate a high level of sustainability attitudes in these preservice teachers, with no differences between genders. The creativity of these preservice teachers is evident in the variety of approaches to the topic in the different movies proposed. We can conclude that the ecofeminist topic is relevant in the classroom because it contributes to enhancing the ethical debate and driving the teaching-learning process in an interdisciplinary manner, perfectly aligned with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development.
Importance and method of teaching biblical Hebrew and aramaic in religious education of children and adults
Authors: Roubalová Marie , Kralik Roman , Kondrla Peter 
Published: June 2021

Aim. The aim of this paper is to show and explain the meaning and the importance teaching biblical Hebrew and Aramic in religious education.
Method. The paper presents a descriptive study of philosophy of teaching Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic as an integral part of religious education, and at the same time it points out the main problems of this education which are connected with the fact that the original language of the Tanakh (one of the basic textbooks for religious education) is not the native language of the students being taught (even Israelis whose native language is Hebrew do not speak Biblical Hebrew) and studying it demands knowledge of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic.
Results. However, as the ideal method for teaching a foreign language does not exist, the choice of teaching methods must be based on the fact that each student or teacher prefers different method of work.
The value-target factors of future journalists’ life- creation
Authors: Karpenko Zinoviia , Karpenko Yevhen 
Published: June 2021

Aim. The study purpose is to explain the value-targeted predictors of future journalists’ life-creation as an indicator of their readiness for professional growth and fulfilment of their humanitarian mission.
Methods. The study used the methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis and modelling of the process of personality realization. The empirical study on the value-target factors of future journalists’ life-creation consisted of two stages: 1) the selection of relevant psychological examining techniques in order to explain the value-target factors as a complex independent variable, on the one hand, and the corresponding features of the life implementation process as characteristics (partial and generalized) of a dependent variable, on the other hand (a total of 12 psychodiagnostic techniques were used); 2) the correlation and factor analyses of the obtained empirical data.
Results. The performed factor analysis revealed several factors related to particular modes of life implementation, an individual’s certain subjective position in this mode or on the way to it, psychological mechanisms and predictors of becoming an Insider, Expert or Author in personal life, some of their important attributes that generally confirm the triangulation model of an individual’s life implementation. The first one, “An Author – a life-creating agent in the integrative mode of life implementation”, is the most informative and the most loaded by the following indicators: life meaningfulness and purpose in life, psychological well-being, existential fullness with life meaning, self-control and self-acceptance, activity, locus of control-life, etc.
Conclusions. The article presents the verification of the triangulation psychological-hermeneutic model of a life-implementation process, which is formed by orthogonal vectors: one of them is intuitive-sensory comprehension and designing and the second is discursive-logical goal-setting and achievement of life aspirations by an individual. The performed factor analysis of the value-target factors of future journalists’ life-creation revealed the relevant predictors of life implementation. They concerned such concepts as an individual’s life position (a Reader and an Author, an Observer and an Insider, an Epigone and an Expert); the trajectory of their life, for example, from an Insider to an Author, or from an Epigone to en Expert; and psychological mechanisms of life implementation (reflection, intuition, anticipation, empathy, facilitation, etc.) in certain life-implementation modes (internal, external and integrative).
A simple HPLC method containing greener modifier and slighter temperature elevated for simultaneous determination of three statin drugs in tablets
Authors: Alshitari Wael , Al-Shehri Fatimah , Abd El-Hady Deia , Albishri Hassan M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Statins drugs are thought to be among the most prescribed drugs worldwide for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. A simple and reliable RP-HPLC method has been successfully employed for simultaneously separating and qualifying three statin drugs including atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin in pharmaceutical tablets. The optimal conditions were mobile phase 50:50 (v/v) (formic acid pH 2.50: ETOH), column temperature 40.00 °C, detection wavelength 238.00 nm, and flow rate 1.00 mL/min. The proposed method has been validated based on the ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection and limit of quantification. The linear range investigated 2.0–80.0, 4.0–100.00, and 12.00–120.00 µg/mL for rosuvastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin respectively with coefficients of determination (R2) within the range of 0.9993–0.9995. The LOD and LOQ for rosuvastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin were (1.57, 4.76 µg/mL), (1.87, 5.66 µg/mL), (3.46, 10.49 µg/mL) respectively. In addition, in order to evaluate the feasibility of the method developed, it was employed towards the quantification of the pharmaceutical tablets for the analytes investigated and excellent recovery was obtained.
RP-HPLC stability-indicating method for simultaneous determination of sodium valproate, methylparaben and propylparaben in oral solution
Authors: Elrefay Hisham , Ismaiel Omnia A. , Hassan Wafaa S. , Shalaby Abdalla , Fouad Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new, sensitive, stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC method was validated and applied for the simultaneous quantitation of sodium valproate and two paraben preservatives; methylparaben, and propylparaben in the liquid dosage form. Stability tests were carried out through exposure of the analyte's solution to stress conditions. Separation of the analytes was achieved on (waters) C18 Column (150 mm × 3.9 mm, 5 μm). A mixture of 0.05 M monobasic potassium phosphate pH 3.5 and acetonitrile (50:50; v/v) was applied at 1.5 ml/min flow rate and UV detection wavelength at 210 nm. The degradation products and the analytes were completely separated. The linearity was performed in the range of 50–150 % from a target concentration of 10 μg/ml propylparaben, 90 μg/ml methylparaben, and 2.88 mg/ml sodium valproate with a coefficient correlation (R2) 1.0 for methylparaben, propylparaben and sodium valproate. The validation results of the suggested method were in a good agreement with ICH guidelines. Application of the proposed method for analysis of liquid dosage forms was successfully carried out in the routine quality control process.