bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle trapping in electrically driven insulator‐based microfluidics: Dielectrophoresis and induced‐charge electrokinetics
Authors: Perez‐Gonzalez Victor H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrokinetically driven insulator‐based microfluidic devices represent an attractive option to manipulate particle suspensions. These devices can filtrate, concentrate, separate, or characterize micro and nanoparticles of interest. Two decades ago, inspired by electrode‐based dielectrophoresis, the concept of insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) was born. In these microfluidic devices, insulating structures (i.e., posts, membranes, obstacles, or constrictions) built within the channel are used to deform the spatial distribution of an externally generated electric field. As a result, particles suspended in solution experience dielectrophoresis (DEP). Since then, it has been assumed that DEP is responsible for particle trapping in these devices, regardless of the type of voltage being applied to generate the electric field—direct current (DC) or alternating current. Recent findings challenge this assumption by demonstrating particle trapping and even particle flow reversal in devices that prevent DEP from occurring (i.e., unobstructed long straight channels stimulated with a DC voltage and featuring a uniform electric field). The theory introduced to explain those unexpected observations was then applied to conventional “DC‐iDEP” devices, demonstrating better prediction accuracy than that achieved with the conventional DEP‐centered theory. This contribution summarizes contributions made during the last two decades, comparing both theories to explain particle trapping and highlighting challenges to address in the near future.
Agri‐food technology politics: Exploring policy narratives in the European Parliament
Authors: Vogeler Colette S. , Schwindenhammer Sandra , Gonglach Denise , Bandelow Nils C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) highlights the role of arguments and emotions included in stories to influence the policy process. Most applications refer to highly politicized issues. How are narratives used in less politicized debates? This paper applies the NPF to two debates within the European Parliament (EP) which generally gain less public media attention than national debates. By conducting a discourse network analysis of two policy debates on agri‐food technologies in the EP, we show that both debates do not rely as much on emotions as compared to public debates, but are to a greater degree based on argumentative and scientifically grounded reasoning. The use of the NPF characters of victims, villains, and heroes are fairly limited. Instead, the recently introduced character of the beneficiary is used frequently to highlight the advantages and benefits of the preferred policies.
The effect of distance on maternal institutional delivery choice: Evidence from Malawi
Authors: McGuire Finn , Kreif Noemi , Smith Peter C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn many low‐ and middle‐income countries, geographical accessibility continues to be a barrier to health care utilization. In this paper, we aim to better understand the full relationship between distance to providers and utilization of maternal delivery services. We address three methodological challenges: non‐linear effects between distance and utilization; unobserved heterogeneity through non‐random distance “assignment”; and heterogeneous effects of distance. Linking Malawi Demographic Health Survey household data to Service Provision Assessment facility data, we consider distance as a continuous treatment variable, estimating a Dose‐Response Function based on generalized propensity scores, allowing exploration of non‐linearities in the effect of an increment in distance at different distance exposures. Using an instrumental variables approach, we examine the potential for unobserved differences between women residing at different distances to health facilities. Our results suggest distance significantly reduces the probability of having a facility delivery, with evidence of non‐linearities in the effect. The negative relationship is shown to be particularly strong for women with poor health knowledge and lower socio‐economic status, with important implications for equity. We also find evidence of potential unobserved confounding, suggesting that methods that ignore such confounding may underestimate the effect of distance on the utilization of health services.
Prevalence of HBV Infection, Vaccine‐Induced Immunity, and Susceptibility Among At‐Risk Populations: US Households, 2013‐2018
Authors: Roberts Henry , Ly Kathleen N. , Yin Shaoman , Hughes Elizabeth , Teshale Eyasu , Jiles Ruth 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
In the USA, HBV is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and is a major cause of liver cancer. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of past and present HBV infection, susceptibility to HBV infection, and vaccine‐induced immunity to hepatitis B among the US population during 2013‐2018.

Approach and Results
Prevalence estimates and 95% CIs were analyzed using 2013‐2018 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serologic testing among noninstitutionalized persons aged ≥ 6 years was used for classifying persons as total hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc), indicative of current or previous (ever having had) HBV infection; HBsAg, indicative of current HBV infection; and antibody to ABsAg (anti‐HBs), indicative of immunity attributable to hepatitis B vaccination. Persons who tested negative for anti‐HBc, HBsAg, and anti‐HBs were considered susceptible to HBV infection. Non–US‐born residents accounted for 69.1% of the population with chronic HBV infection and were 9.1 times more likely to be living with chronic hepatitis B, compared with US‐born persons. Among adults aged ≥ 25 years who resided in US households, an estimated 155.8 million persons (or 73.4%) were susceptible to HBV infection, and an estimated 45.4 million had vaccine‐induced immunity to hepatitis B. Men who have sex with men (MSM) were 3.6 times more likely to have ever been infected with HBV; however, MSM were just as likely to have vaccine‐induced immunity to hepatitis B as non‐MSM.

Conclusion
Despite increasing immune protection among young persons vaccinated after birth, the estimated prevalence of persons living with chronic hepatitis B in the USA has remained unchanged at 0.3% since 1999.
Occupational injuries in California's health care and social assistance industry, 2009 to 2018
Authors: Wizner Kerri , Gaspar Fraser W. , Biggio Adriane , Wiesner Steve 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe health care and social assistance industry has one of the highest rates of non‐fatal occupational injuries and illnesses, both in California and nationally. In the coming years, the health care industry will face added pressure as both the population and workforce age. The aim of this study is to identify targeted populations that may benefit from interventions to prevent future injuries, keep the workforce healthy, and decrease injury‐related costs.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed California workers' compensation claims from 2009 to 2018 in the health care and social assistance industry.ResultsAcross the four industry sub‐groups, the highest number of claims came from hospitals (n = 243 605; 38.9%), followed by ambulatory care (n = 187 010; 29.9%), nursing/residential care (n = 133 206; 21.3%), and social assistance (n = 62 211; 9.9%). Nursing/residential care settings reported the highest proportion of both lifting injuries (15.8%) and low back injuries (16.9%) as compared to the other settings. Across all settings within California, nurses had the highest proportion of injuries (22.1%), followed by aides/assistants (20.4%), services staff (13.2%), administrative staff (11.0%), and technicians (10.3%). Thirty‐five of California's counties had an increasing rate of population‐adjusted claims during the study period.ConclusionThis study found that while hospitals have the highest number of injuries, ambulatory care employee injuries are increasing. Employees involved in non‐patient care tasks, such as those working in facility service roles, would likely benefit from additional injury prevention interventions.
Significance of thermal radiation on dusty fluid flow over a stretching rotating disk with convective boundary condition
Authors: Jayaprakash M. C. , Mallikarjuna Hogarehally Basavarajappa , Megalamani Savita B. , Nirmala Tigalappa , Rajendra Prasad K. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the flow of dusty fluid over a stretching rotating disk with thermal radiation. Further, the convective boundary condition is considered in this modeling. The described governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using apt similarity transformations and then they are numerically solved using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg‐45 scheme. To gain a clear understanding of the current boundary layer flow problem, the graphical results of the velocity and thermal profiles, shear stresses at the disk, and Nusselt number are drawn. Results reveal that the increase in the value of the porosity parameter reduces the velocity of both particle and fluid phases. The increase in the value of the Biot number improves the temperature gradient of both particle and fluid phases. The rise in the value of the radiation parameter advances the heat transference of both phases. The rise in the value of the Biot number improves the rate of heat transfer. Finally, increasing the value of the radiation parameter improves the rate of heat transfer.
“Doctors can read about it, they can know about it, but they've never lived with it”: How parents use social media throughout the diagnostic odyssey
Authors: Deuitch Natalie T. , Beckman Erika , Halley Meghan C. , Young Jennifer L. , Reuter Chloe M. , Kohler Jennefer , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Wheeler Matthew T. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Ormond Kelly E. , Tabor Holly K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParents of children with undiagnosed conditions struggle to obtain information about how to treat and support their children. It can be particularly challenging to find communities and other parents who share their experiences and can provide emotional and informational support. This study sought to characterize how parents use social media, both throughout the diagnostic odyssey and post‐diagnosis, to meet their informational, social, and emotional support needs. We conducted qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 14 parents from the Stanford site of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN), including five whose children had received a diagnosis through study participation. Interview recordings were analyzed using inductive, team‐based coding and thematic analysis based in grounded theory using Dedoose qualitative analysis software. Through this process, we identified four key themes related to social media use. First, parents struggled to find the “right” community, often seeking out groups of similar patients based on symptoms or similar conditions. Second, though they found much valuable information through social media about caring for their child, they also struggled to interpret the relevance of the information to their own child's condition. Third, the social support and access to other patients' and families' lived experiences were described as both highly valued and emotionally challenging, particularly in the case of poor outcomes for similar families. Finally, parents expressed the need to balance concerns about their child's privacy with the value of transparency and data sharing for diagnosis. Our results suggest that the needs and experiences of undiagnosed patients and families differ from those with diagnosed diseases and highlight the need for support in best utilizing social media resources at different stages of the diagnostic odyssey.
Evolution of volatile profile and aroma potential of ‘Gold Finger’ table grapes during berry ripening
Authors: Feng Ming‐Xin , Jin Xu‐Qiao , Yao Heng , Zhu Tong‐Yao , Guo Shui‐Huan , Li Shuai , Lei Yu‐Lu , Xing Zhi‐Gan , Zhao Xian‐Hua , Xu Teng‐Fei , Meng Jiang‐Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Gold Finger’ is a grape cultivar with a finger‐like shape and a milk flavor. The process by which its aroma profile evolves during ripening is unclear. Thus, changes in the free and bound volatile compounds present in ‘Gold Finger’ grapes during ripening were investigated using headspace sampling–solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS).RESULTSA total of 83 volatile aroma components were identified in the grapes, with aldehydes, esters, acids, and alcohols being the main components. The total aroma compound content exhibited significant differences between the bound and free forms. The total content of bound volatile compounds did not change significantly during fruit development, although the free aroma compound content was significantly higher than the bound content. The total content of free aldehydes, free alcohols, bound norisoprenoids, and ketones gradually increased for up to 70 days after flowering (DAF), while the total free ester, terpene, and acid content decreased. The characteristic aroma compounds of ‘Gold Finger’ grapes were identified as hexanal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, and ethyl hexanoate.CONCLUSIONSThese results give a foundation for the further development of ‘Gold Finger’ grapes and provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of novel aromatic grape varieties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Conversion Crosswalk for the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index: Translating DSM‐IV to DSM‐5
Authors: Cheng Cheuk Hei , Lee Susanne S. , Lee Sun‐Kyung , Bray Chris , Zimmerman Tanner , Gewirtz Abigail H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of patient‐reported measures in assessing mental health symptoms is common in both the research and clinical fields. With regard to assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms, there are specific versions of measures designed for child and adolescent populations in accordance with the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV and DSM‐5, respectively). Different clinical thresholds, numbers of items, and score ranges may present obstacles for clinicians and researchers attempting to compare self‐report ratings across different versions of a measure. The current study aimed to produce a score conversion crosswalk between two child/adolescent self‐report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM‐IV (RI‐IV) and DSM‐5 (RI‐5). Using item response theory (IRT), we calibrated both measures separately to derive scaled scores. The discrimination parameters ranged from 0.57 to 2.08 (SE = 0.09–0.17) for RI‐IV and from 0.73 to 2.11 for RI‐5 (SE = 0.07–0.13). The scaled scores were connected with equipercentile linking. Total scores based on common items between the two measures were used as anchors to enhance the linking results. A total of 1,486 children and adolescents completed the measure: 571 respondents filled out the RI‐IV and 915 respondents filled out the RI‐5. The results allow linked scores to be compared to establish recommended clinical cutoffs and help elucidate the implications of changes in the diagnostic criteria for the measurement of self‐reported PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents.
End‐to‐end deep learning nonrigid motion‐corrected reconstruction for highly accelerated free‐breathing coronary MRA
Authors: Qi Haikun , Hajhosseiny Reza , Cruz Gastao , Kuestner Thomas , Kunze Karl , Neji Radhouene , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo develop an end‐to‐end deep learning technique for nonrigid motion‐corrected (MoCo) reconstruction of ninefold undersampled free‐breathing whole‐heart coronary MRA (CMRA).MethodsA novel deep learning framework was developed consisting of a diffeomorphic registration network and a motion‐informed model‐based deep learning (MoDL) reconstruction network. The registration network receives as input highly undersampled (~22×) respiratory‐resolved images and outputs 3D nonrigid respiratory motion fields between the images. The motion‐informed MoDL performs MoCo reconstruction from undersampled data using the predicted motion fields. The whole deep learning framework, termed as MoCo‐MoDL, was trained end‐to‐end in a supervised manner for simultaneous 3D nonrigid motion estimation and MoCo reconstruction. MoCo‐MoDL was compared with a state‐of‐the‐art nonrigid MoCo CMRA reconstruction technique in 15 retrospectively undersampled datasets and 9 prospectively undersampled acquisitions.ResultsThe acquisition time for ninefold accelerated CMRA was ~2.5 min. The reconstruction time was ~22 s for the proposed MoCo‐MoDL and ~35 min for the conventional approach. MoCo‐MoDL achieved higher peak SNR (27.86 ± 3.00 vs. 26.71 ± 2.79; P < .05) and structural similarity (0.78 ± 0.06 vs. 0.75 ± 0.06; P < .05) than the conventional approach. Similar vessel length and visual image quality score were obtained with the 2 methods, whereas improved vessel sharpness was observed with MoCo‐MoDL.ConclusionAn end‐to‐end deep learning approach was introduced for simultaneous nonrigid motion estimation and MoCo reconstruction of highly undersampled free‐breathing whole‐heart CMRA. The rapid free‐breathing CMRA acquisition together with the fast reconstruction of the proposed approach promises easy integration into clinical workflow.
Back pain: An aftermath of Covid‐19 pandemic? A Malta perspective
Authors: Grech Stephan , Borg Joseph N. , Cuschieri Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBack pain is the commonest musculoskeletal complaint across the world. The Covid‐19 pandemic led to mitigating measures including remote working that enhanced a sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether back pain complaints have increased from pre‐Covid‐19 to during the Covid‐19 period among the adult population of Malta, while exploring the possible contributing factors.MethodsAn online survey was distributed through social media targeting the adult population of Malta. Questions on sociodemographic data, occurrence of back pain pre‐Covid‐19 and since the onset of Covid‐19 was gathered, along with changes in behavioural attitudes, daily routine and physical activity. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsOut of the 388 responders, 30% experienced chronic back pain pre‐Covid‐19, 49% experienced back pain since Covid‐19, with the majority of the latter claiming that they never experienced back pain before Covid‐19. Significant changes were present in daily routine and physical activity (PA) patterns. Indeed, continuously sitting down (OR: 15.53; p ≤ 0.01), no PA (OR: 4.22; p ≤ <0.01), once a week PA (OR: 5.74; p ≤ <0.01), two to three times PA a week (OR: 2.58; p = 0.05) and four to five PA a week (OR: 3.46; p = 0.02) were associated with experiencing new onset back pain since the onset of Covid‐19, when adjusted for sex, age, education and employment status.ConclusionThe pandemic has changed population behaviour resulting in an enhanced back pain occurrence. This is anticipated to impact the individual’s disability adjusted life years as well as increase the burden on the economy and healthcare services. A designated multidisciplinary action plan is recommended to reduce back pain impact.
Stress resultant plasticity for plate bending in the context of roll forming of sheet metal
Authors: Kocbay Emin , Vetyukov Yury 
Published: June 2021

AbstractModeling of roll forming process of sheet metal requires efficient treatment of plastic deformations of thin shells and plates. We suggest a new general approach toward constructing the governing equations of bending of an elastic‐plastic Kirchhoff plate on the structural mechanics level. The generic function of the isotropic hardening law is formulated in terms of variables, which are meaningful for a material surface, namely resultant bending moments and dissipative work. This function is then identified by comparison of the exact solutions for a uni‐axial or isotropic bending experiment within the structural model and with the continuum model of a through‐the‐thickness element. We validate the approach against both the fully three‐dimensional simulations as well as the results of the traditional elastic‐plastic plate analysis, the latter one featuring the continuum laws of plasticity treated in the integration points along the thickness direction. We considered benchmark problems from the literature as well as a prototype for the roll forming problem. Besides good agreement regarding the shape of plastic zones and force‐deflection characteristics, experiments also demonstrate higher computational efficiency of the new stress resultant model.
An adaptive sparse grid rational Arnoldi method for uncertainty quantification of dynamical systems in the frequency domain
Authors: Römer Ulrich , Bollhöfer Matthias , Sreekumar Harikrishnan , Blech Christopher , Christine Langer Sabine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we address discrete linear systems in the frequency domain, where both frequency and random parameters are considered. Sampling such a system many times is computationally challenging if the size is too large, which is often the case for a finite element discretization of partial differential equations. We propose an adaptive method, steered by dual error indicators, which combines rational Arnoldi model order reduction and sparse grid interpolation with hierarchical Leja nodes. At each Leja node, a reduced order model (ROM) is constructed such that the ROM‐error in the frequency domain is balanced with the sparse grid error in the random parameter domain. Both the ROM basis and the sparse grid set are enlarged in a hierarchical manner to achieve a prescribed accuracy in statistical moments. Moreover, parameter sensitivities over the frequency range can be easily extracted from the combined reduced order‐surrogate model. In the numerical tests considered in the paper, the method employs sampling sets, which are reduced by at least an order of magnitude, compared to Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, for an example from vibroacoustics, building a ROM reduces the system size by roughly a factor of 100, while still providing an acceptable accuracy.