bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of EDFA based 16 channel WDM system using counter directional high pump power
Authors: Sekh Md. Asraful , Rahim Mijanur , Begam Anjumanara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, design of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) based 16 channel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system for different pump powers and input signal levels using counter propagating pumping scheme is reported. Wavelength range between 1548 and 1560 nm in C-band with channel spacing of 0.75 nm at a bit rate of 10 Gbps are used. Input power given to all the channels is taken between −20 and −35 dBm with 3 dBm variation. Pump power levels between 100 and 500 mW at 980 nm wavelength are used. Low gain flatness with high gains and low noise figures are achieved with the proposed scheme.
All optical half subtractor based on linear photonic crystals and phase shift keying technique
Authors: Askarian Asghar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the authors investigate the new structure of all optical half subtractor in a two dimensional photonic crystal based on wave interference and phase shift keying technique. The suggested structure is designed using 10 optical waveguides and one defect in the basic structure. The numeral methods such as plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain are used to analyze the proposed structure. According to obtained results, the rise and fall times, the working bit rate, the minimum and maximum values of the normalized power at ON and OFF states for output ports are 0.1 ps, 0.05 ps, 5 Tbit/s, 77 and 17%, respectively. According to results, high switching speed, compactness, low power consumption and ultra-fast operation are the main advantages of designed optical half subtractor compared with the previous structures.
An ecological discourse analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 in China in The Times and The New York Times
Authors: Xue Yahong , Xu Qianqiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, as a public health emergency of international concern, is the most extensive one to afflict humanity in this century and poses a grave threat to human life and health. Facing this unknown, unexpected and devastating disease, China makes an all-out effort to fight against it shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the world. Based on the ecosophy of “diversity and harmony, interaction and co-existence” and with ecolinguistic appraisal system as the theoretical framework, this study provides an ecological discourse analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 in China in The Times and The New York Times, two major Western mainstream media outlets, aiming to reveal the appraisal characteristics and ecological orientations of the news coverage on this public health emergency as well as the attitudes of the two major Western mainstream media outlets concerned towards China’s fight against COVID-19, thus helping people to understand the news discourse on this major public health emergency and in turn to distinguish different media positions. It is found that both news outlets employ more negative appraisal resources to express their attitudes towards China’s fight against COVID-19 and their news coverage is to a greater extent eco-destructive.
International Financial Centers as a Model: Facilitating Growth and Development by Connecting to International Legal Frameworks
Authors: Ku Charlotte , Morriss Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
International financial centers (IFCs) provide means of strengthening law and regulation not only in the financial sector, but also in global governance more broadly and the contribution their legal regimes make to economic development. By demonstrating how ideas move across jurisdictions and how cross-jurisdictional structures add value, IFCs facilitate transactions in jurisdictions where local legal systems and services are not yet adequately developed or available to support economic activity. They serve as regulatory capacity builders, building networks of professionals, regulators, and judges contribute to ongoing innovation and capacity building. Their success at building legal regimes that add value and which are available to new classes of individuals and firms around the world makes them a model for using the legal system to foster economic development.
Voluntary Association Involvement and Political Participation in South Korea
Authors: No Won , Han Hyunrang , Wang Lili 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While studies suggest that voluntary association involvement leads to more political participation in the U.S. and European countries, the relationship remains debatable in new democracies. Using the Current Social Integration Survey from 2015 to 2018 in South Korea, this study examines the relationship between voluntary association engagement and participation in political activities based on the social capital theory and explores whether the results vary by the types of voluntary associations and multiple memberships in the associations. The results suggest that memberships in voluntary associations are positively associated with voting and engagement in political activities. Additionally, only memberships in certain types of associations are related to voting and engagement in political activities.
Chemical removal of m-cresol: a critical review
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Xiyi , Zhu Huiqi , Xu Xuhui , Bao Lulu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

m-Cresol containing wastewater has generally become a globally environmental issue due to its refractory and high toxicity towards plants, animals and human being. The development of m-cresol related industries increases the risk of excessive m-cresol discharge, making high efficiency methods to treat m-cresol an urgent topic in both economic and environmental aspects. This review focuses on the chemical treatment methods of m-cresol wastewater, including chemical adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocatalytic degradation and catalytic wet oxidation. The efficiency, cost and process optimization of different methods are discussed in detail. Chemical adsorption is convenient but has relatively low efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation is an easily operated technology with high efficiency, but the selection of catalyst is too limited and the cost of light source is relatively high. Electrocatalytic degradation is time-saving but energy-intensive, and operational difficulty brings a barrier to industrialization. Catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) is highly effective and easily modified, but the performance and stability of catalysts are still very moderate. Following this, the selection and application of different methods regarding the requirement of actual environment are analyzed. Finally, a perspective on the opportunities and development for efficient m-cresol removal method is given.
Oral immunization of Escherichia albertii strain DM104 induces protective immunity against Shigella dysenteriae type 4 in mouse model
Authors: Chowdhury Fatema Moni , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Birkeland Nils-Kåre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent rise of antibiotic resistance and lack of an effective vaccine make the scenario of shigellosis alarming in developing countries like Bangladesh. In recent years, our group reported the vaccine efficacy of a non-pathogenic Escherichia albertii strain DM104 in different animal models, where an ocularly administered vaccine in the guinea pig eye model against Shigella dysenteriae type 4 challenge showed high protective efficacy and also induced a high titer of serum IgG against S. dysenteriae type 4 whole cell lysate (WCL) and LPS. In this study, we report further evaluation of the non-invasive and non-toxic environmental strain DM104 as a vaccine candidate against S. dysenteriae type 4 in mice model. Oral immunization of live DM104 bacterial strain demonstrated better protective immunity in mice model by showing 90% protection in mice against live S. dysenteriae type 4 lethal dose challenge and by inducing effective humoral and mucosal immune responses.
An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Egypt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha: Coccoidea)
Authors: Abd-Rabou Shaaban , Evans Gregory A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn annotated checklist of 211 species belonging to 13 families of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccoidea) of Egypt including their common names, host plants and additional remarks is provided based on literature records and collections made by the senior author in Egypt. Four species are new to the fauna of Egypt, namelyAdiscodiaspis ericicola(Marchal),Dynaspidiotus ephedrarum(Lindinger),Rhizaspidiotus adiscusGómez-Menor Ortega (Diaspididae), andDactylopius confusus(Cockerell) (Dactylopiidae). An illustrated key to the families of scale insects of Egypt is provided.
Prawo człowieka chorego psychicznie do obrony w postępowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia a próba wprowadzenia zasady domniemania winy
Authors: Sienkiewicz Tomasz 
Published: July 2021

Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w art. 42 ust. 2 stanowi: „Każdy, przeciw komu prowadzone jest postępowanie karne, ma prawo do obrony we wszystkich stadiach postępowania. Może on w szczególności wybrać obrońcę lub na zasadach określonych w ustawie korzystać z obrońcy z urzędu”. Normę tę należy odnosić również do sytuacji prawnej obwinionego w postępowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie braku rzeczywistych gwarancji na realizację prawa do obrony osób mających dysfunkcję organizmu, wyrażonych w art. 21 § 1 Kodeksu postępowania w sprawach o wykroczenia (k.p.w.). Prawo to nie jest w pełni realizowane pomimo wskazania wprost w art. 4 k.p.w., że „obwinionemu przysługuje prawo do obrony, w tym do korzystania z pomocy jednego obrońcy, o czym należy go pouczyć”.
Artykuł 42 ust. 3 Konstytucji RP stanowi: „Każdego uważa się za niewinnego, dopóki jego wina nie zostanie stwierdzona prawomocnym wyrokiem sądu”. Zgodnie z opisywaną nowelizacją, reguła ta będzie złamana.
Error qualitatis (kan. 1097 § 2 KPK) w orzecznictwie Roty Rzymskiej
Authors: Góralski Wojciech 
Published: July 2021

W kan. 1097 § 2 KPK („Błąd co do przymiotu osoby, chociażby był przyczyną zawarcia umowy, nie powoduje nieważności małżeństwa, chyba że przymiot ten jest zamierzony bezpośrednio i zasadniczo”) error qualitatis, pozbawiony od stuleci skuteczności prawnej w stosunku do zgody małżeńskiej, uzyskał ją na podstawie intencji kontrahenta (zamierzenie bezpośrednie i zasadnicze przymiotu); przymiot obiektywnie przypadłościowy staje się więc przymiotem subiektywnie istotnym.
W analizie wymienionego kanonu podjętej w świetle orzecznictwa Roty Rzymskiej autor uwzględnia poszczególne elementy tej figury prawnej, a więc: błąd, przymiot osoby (jako przedmiot błędu), brak skuteczności unieważniającej error causam dans, skuteczność unieważniająca błędu co do przymiotu zamierzonego bezpośrednio i zasadniczo.
W dowodzeniu error qualitatis directe et principaliter intentae, niewątpliwie szczególnie trudnym, sędzia winien przede wszystkim rozpoznać właściwą intencję domniemanej ofiary błędu. Służy temu dowód zarówno bezpośredni (zeznanie tegoż kontrahenta potwierdzone zeznaniami świadków oraz ew. dokumentami), jak i pośredni (kryterium oceny przymiotu przez domniemaną ofiarę błędu i kryterium reakcji po odkryciu przezeń prawdy).
Norwidowski dramat „transfiguracji społecznych”
Authors: Ziołowicz Agnieszka 
Published: July 2021

Artykuł zawiera rozważania na temat Norwidowskiej koncepcji dramatu i teatru, zakładającej ich ścisły związek z życiem społecznym i jego historycznymi przemianami. Analizy wypowiedzi metadramatycznych i metateatralnych poety, czyli przede wszystkim szkicu Widowiska w ogóle uważane, Białych kwiatów, fragmentów wykładów O Juliuszu Słowackim oraz przedmowy do Pierścienia Wielkiej-Damy, dostarczają szeregu argumentów na rzecz tezy o intencjonalnym kształtowaniu przez Norwida dramaturgii osnutej wokół idei „transfiguracji społecznych”. Co więcej, charakter jego dorobku dramatopisarskiego pozwala na zastosowanie w interpretacji poszczególnych dziełantropologiczno-socjologicznych kategorii dramatu społecznego i widowiska kulturowego. Większość utworów dramatycznych Norwida unaocznia bowiem sytuację przemiany społecznej, ujętej w ramy obrzędów przejścia i steatralizowanych praktyk społecznych (społeczne ceremonie, rytuały interakcyjne). Dzięki temu Norwidowski dramat staje się artystyczną reprezentacją sił działających w przestrzeni życia zbiorowego, narzędziem ich rozumienia w duchu antropologii społecznej, a także ważnym czynnikiem formowania człowieka.
Inmersión y activación de estados emocionales con videojuegos de realidad virtual
Authors: Torres Fernández David , Blanca Moya Emanuel , Pérez Sánchez Rolando 
Published: July 2021

El estudio se dirigió a estudiar la asociación entre inmersión en videojuegos de Realidad Virtual (RV) y la activación emocional. Se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental intrasujetos, con 97 estudiantes universitarios. Se llevaron a cabo mediciones de frecuencia cardiaca y del estado emocional percibido. Los resultados mostraron que la condición RV presenta mayor inmersión y mayor frecuencia cardiaca que la condición no RV. Los estados emocionales percibidos fueron predictores de la inmersión en ambas condiciones, teniendo que en la condición no RV, mayores puntajes en valoración de las emociones positivas y negativas se asociaron a una mayor inmersión, mientras que en RV solo las emociones positivas se relacionaron con la inmersión. Se discute la relevancia de estos resultados.
Cumplimiento de medidas de reparación y construcción de cultura de paz en Ecuador y Chile
Authors: Reyes-Valenzuela Carlos , Bustillos Caranqui Joselyn , Aguirre Jaramillo Andrés , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Durán Pereira Andrés , Maturana Iturriaga Katherine , Villagrán Valenzuela Loreto 
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar cómo los impactos de los Informes de Comisiones de Verdad en Chile y Ecuador han promovido el cumplimiento de medidas de reparación integral y su relación con la construcción de la Cultura de Paz (CP). Se realizaron dos estudios: el primero, cuyo objetivo fue diseñar y validar el contenido un instrumento para medir la percepción de cultura de paz. El segundo, busca evaluar el conocimiento de medidas de reparación integral como variable interviniente entre las actitudes al trabajo de las Comisiones y las funciones estatales de CP. Se discuten las implicancias de la falta de cumplimiento de medidas de reparación integral y su relación con la construcción de CP en sociedades posconflictos.
Adolescentes chilenos ante la inmigración latinoamericana: perfiles aculturativos, prejuicio, autoeficacia cultural y bienestar
Authors: Mera-Lemp María José , Martínez-Zelaya Gonzalo , Bilbao Marian 
Published: July 2021

El nuevo escenario sociocultural producido por la inmigración en los colegios implica un complejo proceso de ajuste psicosocial. Los estudiantes nacionales también deben enfrentar diversos y nuevos desafíos producto de la inmigración, que se vinculan tanto con la percepción y gestión de las diferencias culturales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar perfiles aculturativos en una muestra de estudiantes secundarios chilenos (N = 426). El análisis de conglomerados permitió encontrar una solución de tres perfiles aculturativos (Individualismo Tolerante, Individualista Indiferenciado y Etnocentrista Indiferenciado). Los resultados muestran que dichos perfiles se diferencian en Prejuicio Afectivo, Autoeficacia Cultural y Bienestar. Se discute sobre la importancia de generar entornos que favorezcan el contacto intergrupal positivo, para así posibilitar el desarrollo de la competencia intercul-tural desde etapas tempranas de la vida.
Four-Tier Diagnostic Test Assisted Website for Identifies Misconceptions Heat and Temperature
Authors: Septiyani Evi , Nanto Dwi 
Published: July 2021

Misconceptions get special attention in educational research because they are inhibiting students in learning. Misconceptions often occur in learning physics, especially the concept of heat, and nearly every sub-concept of physics on students experience various misconceptions. One of them is defining heat. Many students believe that temperature is considered as a unit of measure for the amount of heat. This is a wrong conception. Thus, it needs to be identified using appropriate diagnostic test instruments to reduce students’ misconceptions. Four-tier diagnostic tests can detect students’ misconceptions because they can dig deeper into understanding students’ conceptions. Unfortunately, the diagnostic tests of student misconception are still rarely applied at most schools. The reason is time constraints in the implementation and correction of the diagnostic tests. Therefore, here we report digital four-tier diagnostic test instruments of student misconception on heat and temperature through a helpful website and can be accessed anywhere.
Dorsal Approach with Low-Profile Plate in Treatment of Scaphoid Nonunion with Proximal Pole Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Zakhia-Douaihy Ghassan , Issa Mohamad , Naja Ahmad Salaheddine 
Published: July 2021

Case:
Avascular necrosis (AVN) and nonunion are common complications encountered with scaphoid waist fractures. We present a case of a 23-year-old man presenting with a right scaphoid fracture nonunion associated with AVN of the proximal pole. He was treated with a 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular arterial bone graft (Zaidemberg technique) in combination with a dorsal plate yielding excellent functional and radiographic results.

Conclusion:
Scaphoid waist fracture nonunion with AVN of the proximal pole is challenging to treat and combining the Zaidemberg technique along with dorsal plating allows for easy access and excellent healing.
Label-free imaging for cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Qian Tongcheng , Gillette Amani , Skala Melissa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes provide a promising regenerative cell therapy for cardiovascular patients and an important model system to accelerate drug discovery. However, cost-effective and time-efficient platforms must be developed to evaluate the quality of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes during biomanufacturing. Here, we develop a non-invasive label-free live cell imaging platform to monitor hPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Autofluorescence imaging of metabolic co-enzymes is performed under varying differentiation conditions (cell density, concentration of Wnt signaling activator) across five hPSC lines.
Identification of high-risk genes in triple-negative breast cancer by bioinformatics
Authors: Xiang Lu , Chen Caiping , Ni Guihong , Tao Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Current research has failed to find a target gene for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has resulted in the treatment for TNBC being less effective than that for other types of breast cancer. Finding high-risk genes for TNBC by bioinformatics may help to identify target genes for TNBC.
Methods

The gene expression data of 4 chips (GSE7904, GSE31448, GSE45827, GSE65194) which contains of normal breast tissue and TNBC tissue were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal breast tissue and TNBC tissue were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed by the DAVID website. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of DEGs was carried out by the STRING website, and the results were imported into Cytoscape. Then, module analysis was carried out by using the MCODE app. The online tool of the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website was used to analyse associations between relapse-free survival (RFS) and the expression of genes obtained by MCODE, and the metastasis-free survival (MFS) data from GSE58812 were used for survival verification. The difference in the expression of the identified genes was verified by the online tool of the UALCAN website.
Results

There were 127 upregulated and 293 downregulated genes in the DEGs. The GO and KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were particularly enriched in mitotic nuclear division, extracellular space, heparin binding, and ECM-receptor interaction. MCODE obtained a total of 47 genes in 4 gene clusters, 29 of which were related to RFS. Survival verification indicated that 14 out of 29 genes were related to MFS, namely, CCNB1, AURKB, KIF20A, BUB1B, DLGAP5, CXCL11, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, IGF1, FN1, CFD, SGO2 and CDCA5.
Conclusions

We identified 14 genes as the high-risk genes for TNBC. Further research on these genes may identify the target genes of TNBC.
Wireless Body Area Networks: Survey of recent research trends on energy efficient routing protocols and guidelines
Authors: B Shunmugapriya , B Paramasivan , S Ananthakumaran , J Naskath 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a recent technologically advanced sub-category of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which consists of many bio-sensors, attached in and around of human body, for monitoring the health-related issues from remote places. Energy conservation in WBAN has always been the most crucial issue for the sensor nodes, which are powered by limited capacity battery sources. During sensing and communication, sensing elements emit high temperature from its circuit and transmitting antenna due to inefficient data routing designs. This energy may lead to form hot-spot, which affects the human tissues at a different level. So designing an energy-efficient routing protocol is a very challenging issue to reduce the high emission of temperatures. Different energy-efficient routing protocols have been projected in this survey over the years. The energy-efficient routing protocols endeavor to prolong the network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption in each deployed nodes. There have been a variety of survey papers put forwarded by researchers to evaluate the performance and categorize the different energy-efficient routing protocols for WBANs. This paper describes an overview of WBAN, a systematic survey of existing contracts for routing and open research issues are discussed.
Using genetics to uncouple higher adiposity from its adverse metabolic effects and understand its role in metabolic and non-metabolic disease.
Authors: Martin Susan , Tyrrell Jessica , Thomas E Louise , Bown Matthew J , Wood Andrew R , Beaumont Robin N , Tsoi Lam C , Stuart Philip E , Elder James T , Law Philip , Houlston Richard , Kabrhel Christopher , Papadimitriou Nikos , Gunter Marc J , Bull Caroline J , Bell Joshua A , Vincent Emma E , Sattar Naveed , Dunlop Malcolm G , Tomlinson Ian P.M , Bell Jimmy D , Frayling Timothy M , Yaghootkar Hanieh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To understand the consequences of higher adiposity uncoupled from its adverse metabolic effects, we selected 37 diseases associated with obesity and genetic variants associated with different aspects of excess weight including metabolically “favourable adiposity” (FA) and “unfavourable adiposity” (UFA). Mendelian randomisation (MR) identified two sets of diseases. First, 12 conditions where the metabolic effect of higher adiposity is the likely primary cause of the disease. Here MR with the FA and UFA genetics showed opposing effects on risk of disease, including colorectal and ovarian cancer, and gout. Second, 7 conditions where the non-metabolic effects of excess weight (e.g. mechanical effect) is likely a cause. Here MR with the FA genetics, despite leading to lower metabolic risk, and MR with the UFA genetics, were both associated with higher disease risk, including osteoarthritis and venous thromboembolism. Individuals with high BMI are at higher risk of some diseases despite being relatively metabolically healthy.