bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐dimensional dose calculations for dynamic tumour tracking with a gimbal‐mounted linear accelerator
Authors: Carpentier Emilie E. , McDermott Ronan L. , Dunne Emma M. , Camborde Marie‐Laure A. , Bergman Alanah M. , Karan Tania , Liu Mitchell C. C. , Ma Roy M. K. , Mestrovic Ante 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeIn this study we present a novel method for re‐calculating a treatment plan on different respiratory phases by accurately modeling the panning and tilting beam motion during DTT (the “rotation method”). This method is used to re‐calculate the dose distribution of a plan on multiple breathing phases to accurately assess the dosimetry.MethodssIMRT plans were optimized on a breath hold computed tomography (CT) image taken at exhale (BHexhale) for 10 previous liver stereotactic ablative radiotherapy patients. Our method was used to re‐calculate the plan on the inhale (0%) and exhale (50%) phases of the four‐dimensional CT (4DCT) image set. The dose distributions were deformed to the BHexhale CT and summed together with proper weighting calculated from the patient’s breathing trace. Subsequently, the plan was re‐calculated on all ten phases using our method and the dose distributions were deformed to the BHexhale CT and accumulated together. The maximum dose for certain organs at risk (OARs) was compared between calculating on two phases and all ten phases.ResultsIn total, 26 OARs were examined from 10 patients. When the dose was calculated on the inhale and exhale phases six OARs exceeded their dose limit, and when all 10 phases were used five OARs exceeded their limit.ConclusionDynamic tumor tracking plans optimized for a single respiratory phase leave an OAR vulnerable to exceeding its dose constraint during other respiratory phases. The rotation method accurately models the beam’s geometry. Using deformable image registration to accumulate dose from all 10 breathing phases provides the most accurate results, however it is a time consuming procedure. Accumulating the dose from two extreme breathing phases (exhale and inhale) and weighting them properly provides accurate results while requiring less time. This approach should be used to confirm the safety of a DTT treatment plan prior to delivery.
New techniques for creating parthenogenetic larvae of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus for gene expression studies
Authors: Vacquier Victor D. , Hamdoun Amro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSea urchins are model organisms for studying the spatial‐temporal control of gene activity during development. The Southern California species, Lytechinus pictus, has a sequenced genome and can be raised in the laboratory from egg to egg in 4 to 5 months.ResultsHere, we present new techniques for generating parthenogenetic larvae of this species and include a gallery of photomicrographs of morphologically abnormal larvae that could be used for transcriptomic analysis.ConclusionsComparison of gene expression in parthenogenotes to larvae produced by fertilization could provide novel insights into gene expression controls contributed by sperm in this important model organism. Knowledge gained from transcriptomics of sea urchin parthenogenotes could contribute to parthenogenetic studies of mammalian embryos.
Gene Editing: How Can You Ask “Whether” If You Don't Know “How”?
Authors: Cwik Bryan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThough questions about whether gene editing should be done at all have dominated ethical discussion, a literature about how it can be done ethically has been growing. Work on responsible translational pathways for human germline gene editing has been criticized for focusing on the wrong questions. But questions about responsible translational pathways—questions about how gene editing could be done ethically—are, in an important sense, prior to questions about whether it is desirable and permissible. Asking “whether” questions about gene editing requires a model of what responsible clinical use of gene editing would look like.
Ectopic deciduosis in a paratubal cyst: A report of the first case
Authors: Farì Giorgia , Dell’Aquila Marco , Moresi Sascia , Lanzone Antonio , Arena Vincenzo 
Published: May 2021

SynopsisAn unusual case of ectopic decidua in a paratubal cyst of a 27‐year‐old asymptomatic woman, incidentally discovered in the course of a planned cesarean delivery.
Climatology of Northern Hemisphere Cryo‐cover
Authors: Brasher Saber E. , Leathers Daniel J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Earth's cryo‐cover (defined here as snow cover and sea ice) is dynamic, and varies considerably on both interannual and seasonal time‐scales. This study analyzes trends in Northern Hemisphere cryo‐cover from 1979 to 2020 using three datasets: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Sea Ice Extent, Rutgers Global Snow Lab (GSL) Snow Cover Extent and MeaSuREs State of the Cryosphere values. Temporal trends of cryo‐cover, both as a combined variable and as separate snow and ice components, are calculated on an annual and monthly basis. Using derived cryo‐cover concentration values, pixels are categorized to be either stable (covered 75% of the time or more) or transient (covered <75% of the time), as a method to differentiate the type of cryo‐cover present annually and monthly as well as associated trends and transitions from one cover type (stable or transient) to the other. Results indicate a decrease in cryo‐cover since 1979 with sea ice decreasing in all months, but snow cover increasing in the autumn and early winter and decreasing during the spring. Decreasing trends in stable cryo‐cover are observed during most months with several months seeing increases in transient cover. Increases in autumn snow cover (particularly in October) help to offset the large decreases in late summer/early autumn sea ice. From April to August, cryo‐cover as a whole exhibits statistically significant decreasing trends. A comprehensive understanding of the climatology of cryo‐cover is of great importance in understanding the radiative impacts of a changing cryosphere in a warming climate.
Ultrasonographic Imaging of the Fetal Duodenal Tract
Authors: Toprak Erzat , Işıkalan Mehmet Murat 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate whether fetal duodenal tract sections can be visualized in the prenatal ultrasonographic examination.MethodsThis study was designed in cross‐section. Healthy singleton pregnant women who applied to the perinatology outpatient clinic for second‐level ultrasound scanning between September 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. Demographic information of the participants was obtained and an ultrasound scan was performed. The fetal duodenal tract was evaluated in three sections, including the pylorus. The fetal duodenal tract was differentiated from adjacent organs by its anatomical location, hyperechoic nature, and presence of fluid in the lumen.ResultsA total of 278 eligible participants between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation were evaluated. While the fetal pylorus was closed in 76.6% of the participants, it was open in 23.4%. Duodenum pars superior, pars descendens, and pars inferior imaging rates were 99.3%, 98.2%, and 95.7%, respectively. It was possible to distinguish these parts from neighboring organs by 99.6%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. While the first, second, and third parts of the duodenum were observed as solid in 42.0%, 58.2%, and 52.2%, respectively, 57.9%, 41.7%, and 47.7% had fluid in the lumen.ConclusionThe fetal duodenal tract can be viewed with prenatal ultrasonography in pregnant women who are not in a dorsoanterior position. This may make an additional contribution to the diagnosis of duodenal obstructions, which is the most common cause of intestinal atresia in prenatal screening.
Unique post‐translational modifications diversify the sodium channels in peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer])
Authors: Wang Hao , Duan WenBo , Gao Ruibo , Li Fen , Yang Lei , Li WeiZheng , Yin XinMing , Wu ShaoYing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyzus persicae (Sulzer), a worldwide pest, has caused remarkable damage to agriculture. Among the various control methods, chemical control (especially pyrethroids) is most commonly used. The targets of pyrethroids are voltage‐gated sodium channels (Navs). Unlike those of other insects, all Navs of aphids (including two genes), such as Myzus persicae, are unique.RESULTSIn this study, three interlock patterns, I(918)‐F(1014), L(918)‐L(1014), and T(918)‐F(1014), were found at sites 918 and 1014 in the sensitive Myzus persicae strain. Similar to that of other aphids, the Nav of Myzus persicae (MpNav) consisted of two parts, that is MpNav‐I and MpNav‐II, which were embedded with an atypical ‘DENS’ ion selectivity filter and a conventional ‘MFM’ inactivation gate, respectively. MpNav had 11 alternative exons, including two mutually exclusive exons (k and l) and three exons (w, x, and t), which were located in domains I and III, respectively. In addition, various RNA editing events, A503T and V588A, appearing between the connection of domains I and II and the S3 of domain IV, respectively, had been described.CONCLUSIONOverall, MpNav was characterized by unique post‐translational regulation mode, 918 and 1014 interlocks, and unusually alternative exons. Our research provides a new perspective on the evolution and variation of insect Navs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Modelling multiple impacts on the out‐of‐plane cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard
Authors: Gu Zhuoqing , Hui Jiao , Wang Jun , Wu Di , Lu Lixin , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: May 2021

In order to simulate the multiple impacts on the packaging in logistics transportation, the honeycomb paperboard was subjected to constant amplitude multiple impacts with the dropping height of 5, 20, 40 and 60 cm, respectively. A critical dropping height was defined to divide the intensity to low ones (the dropping height of 5 cm) and high ones (the dropping heights of 20, 40 and 60 cm). Then, quasi‐static compression was performed to study the constitutive model of paper honeycomb. The cushioning response of honeycomb paperboard under out‐of‐plane multiple impacts was studied. A model for the initial peak stress under multiple impacts at low intensity was derived, depending on the critical buckling load of cell walls in elastic region. The effects of high‐intensity multiple impacts on elastic strain, plastic strain and Young's modulus were analyzed, and the theoretical models were also developed respectively. Finally, the model of energy absorption performance of honeycomb paperboard under multiple impacts was suggested and shown great agreement with the experimental results. The results should be helpful for protective packaging design in practical logistics and honeycomb paperboard structure optimization.
Neurological signs in lambs as indication for BVDV circulation in a cattle young stock rearing herd
Authors: Krattley‐Roodenburg Betsie , van Werven Tine , Nielen Mirjam , van der Meer Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwin lambs, born on a farm where cattle young stock and sheep were raised together in the same barn, presented with neurological signs. As border disease could not be ruled out, samples were sent for diagnostic testing and subsequent sequence comparison to identify potential infection with sheep or cattle pestiviruses. The 5′UTR polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed that both lambs and one calf were infected with a bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) 1b strain. Additional analysis of the E2 and NS5b PCR products demonstrated a ∼100% sequence identity for 5′UTR, E2, and NS5b. Viral transmission from a persistently infected (PI) calf to the sheep dam during pregnancy was considered the most likely route of infection. In spite of the advice to separate and slaughter the lambs, as they could act as a source of infection to the rest of the sheep and cattle, they remained in the flock. Over time they overcame the clinical signs and were slaughtered at the end of the season. This case demonstrates that sheep can be infected with BVDV. Neurological signs and other health problems in sheep could indicate a BVDV infection in both sheep and cattle when reared in close contact.
Alienated Entertainment: Ludwig Berger’s Meistersinger Film Der Meister von Nürnberg (1927)
Authors: SHEIL ÁINE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDer Meister von Nürnberg is a silent film adaptation of Wagner’s Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg remembered chiefly for the protests it generated on its release in 1927. Several authors refer to it briefly in reception histories of Die Meistersinger, but the film has not yet attracted sustained attention either within Wagner scholarship or within literature on opera and film. Der Meister von Nürnberg is, however, an effective lens through which to examine sensitivities in opera’s relationship with film in 1920s Germany, as well as various ambiguities in Weimar-era film making and consumption. The film constitutes fascinating proof of the historically conditioned reverence for Wagner’s Die Meistersinger that existed within conservative opera criticism in 1920s Germany, while its ephemerality serves as a key to understanding several wider features of the Weimar cultural landscape. In this sense, the film exceeds curiosity status and emerges as a multivalent artefact of a complex, contradiction-ridden time.
Developing our understanding of nutrition in depression
Authors: Upton Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch to date has convincingly demonstrated that nutrition impacts depression. Population-based studies have shown that diet, food types, dietary supplements, gut bacteria, endocrine systems and obesity all play a role in depression. While nutrition could provide an important therapeutic opportunity in depression, clinical trials have not shown clinically meaningful results, and it appears unlikely that nutrition is a central determinant of depression. Conversely, however, prior research is inconclusive to inferring that nutrition does not have a clinically significant effect. This would require elucidating precisely when nutrition affects depression which necessitates an alternative, more granular, model for the nutrition–depression interaction. The network theory of mental disorders, which studies how mental disorders arise from a causally related network of symptoms and external factors, is proposed as an alternative model for understanding the complexity of the nutrition–depression link. This approach would uncover which relationships, between aspects of nutrition and depression symptoms, warrant further study at a population and laboratory level. Furthermore, from within nutrition science, is a movement dubbed ‘New Nutrition Science’ (NNS) that aims to integrate biological, social and environmental determinants of nutrition. NNS is important to nutrition–depression research which has yet to reveal how social factors impact the nutrition–depression interaction. Network theory methodology is fully compatible with the network modelling already used in NNS. Embracing both network theory and NNS in future research will develop a full and complex understanding of nutrition in depression.
Paradigm shift in management of acute iatrogenic colonic perforations: 24-year retrospective comprehensive study
Authors: Paspatis Gregorios A. , Fragaki Maria , Velegraki Magdalini , Mpitouli Afroditi , Nikolaou Pinelopi , Tribonias Georgios , Voudoukis Evangelos , Karmiris Konstantinos , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Vardas Emmanouil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Through advanced endoscopic clipping techniques, endoscopic treatment of both diagnostic and therapeutic acute iatrogenic colonic perforations has been shown effective. The main purpose of this study was to compare the management of acute iatrogenic perforations (AIPs) of the colon before and after the introduction of advanced clipping techniques.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study from July 1996 to February 2020. The period was divided into two sub periods, Period 1: from July 1996 to December 2012 and Period 2: from January 2013 to March 2020. All AIPs occurring during a colonoscopy and detected during or immediately (< 4 hours) after the procedure, were included in the study.
Results The total number of colonoscopies performed at our hospital was 33055 and 36831 during Periods 1 and 2 respectively. Fifteen perforations were observed in Period 1 and 11 in Period 2. The rate of surgery was 93.3 % % (14/15) in Period 1 and 27.2 % (3 /11) in Period 2 (P < 0.01). The mean hospital stay in Period 1 was 6.9 days and 4 in Period 2 (P < 0.01).
Conclusions Data from this historical cohort have clearly shown a decrease in the surgery rate and the length of hospitalization of AIPs in Period 2 compared to Period 1.
Quality Indicators for Evaluating Errors in the Preanalytical Phase
Authors: Mehndiratta Mohit , Pasha Eram Hussain , Chandra Nilesh , Almeida Edelbert Anthonio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to study the incidence of preanalytical errors in the clinical chemistry laboratory attached to a tertiary care hospital.
Design and Methods The study was conducted in a clinical chemistry laboratory using the samples and forms received for analysis. Five hundred random samples were analyzed using a predefined set of quality indicators (QIs) over a period of 3 months. The incidence of each preanalytical error was described as a percentage of the total samples analyzed in the study.
Statistical Analysis Individual QIs were assigned values as 0 and 1 and were used to assess each sample; 0 if the error was present, and 1 if absent. The incidence of each preanalytical error was described as a percentage of the total samples analyzed in the study.
Result Out of the 500 samples observed, 138 samples were error free, while 21 samples had the maximum number of errors, that is, 6. The error committed most often was the omission of provisional diagnosis being mentioned on the requisition form. No preanalytical error was observed for QIs: selecting the appropriate blood collection vial or storage of sample.
Conclusion This study confirms that error rate in the preanalytical phase is high and vastly ignored. Errors committed here may be overlooked, given the large number of samples received in the clinical laboratory of a tertiary center. To reduce these errors, the laboratory should provide training to all workers involved in the preanalytical phase. Daily or weekly QI scores should be recorded to assess and rectify shortcomings, thereby improving patient care.
N14 The Effectiveness of patient information leaflets provided by a Clinical Nurse Specialist on disease related knowledge in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Walsh C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Patient information leaflets are used as an educational tool and also to enhance the verbal information provided by the consulting practitioner. Disease specific knowledge is well recognized as an important factor to improve the knowledge of the condition, improve self care, aid compliance and provide information on therapies and treatments. It was observed that patient understanding and knowledge of their condition varies widely.

Methods
A quantitative cross sectional research methodology was implemented. The sampling is non probability with purposive convenience sample. The single site study sample size was 63. The instrument selected was the Crohn’s and Colitis Knowledge Score (CCKNOW) developed by Eaden et al, (1999).The self administered questionnaire consists of three sections, demographics, CCKNOW instrument and source of information.
Data collection was recorded and analysed on SPSS (Version 24.0). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were implemented. Ethical approval was granted.

Results
Sixty three patients responded and the median age is 39.
Analysis of CCKNOW scores by classification of age, gender, education and duration of disease reveals the significant variation is between age and knowledge (mean 41.14, SD 12.59) and disease duration and knowledge (2008.218, SD 9.784)
The four areas of knowledge were calculated individually. The mean calculated for general knowledge 36.88 and the SD 6.26 demonstrating the greater degree of variation of knowledge scores. Less variation in the diet section was indicated. Significant variation demonstrated in medications and complications/pregnancy.
Frequency of CCKNOW scores demonstrated the various ranges of scores. Only 2% of patients achieved a score of 20/24, no participant achieved a score of 24/24.
Statistical significance of patient information leaflets and knowledge was assessed using Pearson-Chi Square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank Order Co-efficient which indicate that patient information leaflets have a moderate effect on knowledge needs.

Conclusion
Younger and older participants demonstrated poor knowledge scores. Duration of disease indicated knowledge scores have improved significantly over the past 8–10 years. Statistically patient information leaflets have only a moderate effect on knowledge needs. Patient information leaflets are used by 69% of participants.
Knowledge base of IBD patients who are provided with a patient information leaflet is moderate and educational needs are not being met. High quality educational programmes are required and IBD Clinical Nurse Specialists are ideally placed to provide these.
OP19 Disease course and treatment outcomes of early resected Crohn’s Disease patients: A Danish nationwide cohort study from 1997 to 2015
Authors: Sarikaya M , Zhao M , Bendtsen F , Burisch J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Limited resective surgery is used as a primary therapeutic option in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who present with severe symptoms or fibrostenotic complications. Recent studies suggest that surgery represents a valid alternative of biological therapy in subgroups of CD patients.1 However, only few studies have described the disease course in early resected CD patients regardless of disease location. This study aimed to investigate disease course in all early resected CD patients.

Methods
Using the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR), we identified 9739 patients who were diagnosed with CD between January 1st, 1997 and December 31st, 2015. Of those, 499 patients underwent a major abdominal surgery within 30 days before or after their diagnosis. Data on re-operation, hospitalization and medication use were retrieved from the NPR and the National Prescription Registry. Trends in treatment outcomes over time were assessed using Chi-square test, Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log-rank test.

Results
Overall, 217 (43.5%) patients had an initial ileocecal resection, 154 (30.9%) had a colonic resection and 112 (22.4%) had a small bowel resection and 16(3.2%) patients without classification of surgery. The cumulative risk of reoperation was 16.4% at five years after the initial surgery. Five-year risk of hospitalization and need for medical therapy was 66.1% and 61.7% (Figure 1). Among 326 (65.3%) patients who received medical therapy during follow-up, 216 (66.3%) were treated with an immunomodulator and 62 (19.0%) with a biological drug. There was no difference in the risk of re-operation (p=0.11), hospitalization (p=0.70) or medication use (p=0.37) in relation to the anatomic location of the initial surgery.
When comparing patients diagnosed before and after 2005, five-year risk of hospitalization decreased from 76.9% to 56.1% (p&lt;0.001, Figure 2), while five-year risk of medication use decreased from 65.9% to 58.5% (p=0.01, Figure 2). In contrast, five-year risk of re-operation showed an increasing, but insignificant trend from 13.7% to 18.6% (p=0.18).

Conclusion
The risk of re-operation and hospitalization after the initial surgery in this cohort of early resected CD patients are lower when compared to other CD cohorts. Furthermore, hospitalization risk and need for medical therapy decreased over time.

Reference