bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications between ventral and lateral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy in dogs with sialocele
Authors: Cinti Filippo , Rossanese Matteo , Buracco Paolo , Pisani Guido , Vallefuoco Rosario , Massari Federico , Montinaro Vincenzo , Rossetti Diego , Gobbetti Matteo , Cantatore Matteo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare complications of dogs treated with mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for sialocele using a lateral (LAT) or ventral paramedian (VPM) approach.Study designRetrospective multicenter study.AnimalsDogs (140) with mandibular and sublingual sialocele.MethodsMedical records of dogs that underwent mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy through a LAT or VPM approach from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical and histopathological findings were analyzed to compare the groups.ResultsSeventy dogs were included in each group. The most represented breed was crossbreed (26%), and males (99/140 [71%], intact/neutered) were overrepresented. Dogs in the VPM approach group were more likely to undergo digastricus tunnelization and placement of a drain or a bandage. Dogs in the LAT approach group were heavier and more likely to undergo excision of an inflammatory pseudocapsule. No difference was detected in complication rates between groups (LAT [20%], VPM [31%],P= .116). Recurrences were more likely after LAT approach (5/70 vs 0/70, respectively;P= .029), whereas wound‐related complications were more likely after VPM approach (20/70 vs 9/70, respectively;P= .018). Prolonged duration of surgery was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, and none of the other variables affected the complication rate.ConclusionVentral paramedian approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy was associated with a lower risk of recurrence but a higher risk of wound‐related complications compared with LAT approach.Clinical significanceVentral paramedian approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy may be preferred to reduce recurrence in dogs with sialoceles, but wound‐related complications are common.
A task‐relevant experimental pain model to target motor adaptation
Authors: Gallina Alessio , Abboud Jacques , Blouin Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: February 2021

Key points
Motor adaptation is thought to be a strategy to avoid pain.
Current experimental pain models do not allow for consistent modulation of pain perception depending on movement.
We showed that low‐frequency sinusoidal stimuli delivered at painful intensity result in minimal habituation of pain perception (over 60 s) and minimal stimulation artefacts on electromyographic signals.
When the amplitude of the low‐frequency sinusoidal stimuli was modulated based on the vertical force participants applied to the ground with their right leg while standing upright, we demonstrated a strong association between perceived pain and motor adaptation.
By enabling task‐relevant modulation of perceived pain intensity and the recording electromyographic signals during electrical painful stimulation, our novel pain model will permit direct experimental testing of the relationship between pain and motor adaptation.
AbstractContemporary pain adaptation theories predict that motor adaptation occurs to limit pain. Current experimental pain models, however, do not allow for pain intensity modulation according to one's posture or movements. We developed a task‐relevant experimental pain model using low‐frequency sinusoidal electrical stimuli applied over the infrapatellar fat pad. In fourteen participants, we compared perceived pain habituation and stimulation‐induced artefacts in vastus medialis electromyographic recordings elicited by sinusoidal (4, 10, 20 and 50 Hz) and square electrical waveforms delivered at constant peak stimulation amplitude. Next, we simulated a clinical condition where perceived knee pain intensity is proportional to the load applied on the leg by controlling sinusoidal current amplitude (4 Hz) according to the vertical force the participants applied with their right leg to the ground while standing upright. Pain ratings habituated over a 60 s period for 50 Hz sinusoidal and square waveforms but not for low‐frequency sinusoidal stimuli (P < 0.001). EMG filters removed most stimulation artefacts for low‐frequency sinusoidal stimuli (4 Hz). While balancing upright, participants’ pain ratings were correlated with the force applied by the right leg (R2 = 0.65), demonstrating task‐relevant changes in perceived pain intensity. Low‐frequency sinusoidal stimuli can induce knee pain of constant intensity for 60 s with minimal EMG artefacts while enabling task‐relevant pain modulation when controlling current amplitude. By enabling task‐dependent modulation of perceived pain intensity, our novel experimental model replicates key temporal aspects of clinical musculoskeletal pain while allowing quantification of neuromuscular activation during painful electrical stimulation. This approach will enable researchers to test the predicted relationship between movement strategies and pain.
The Influence of Exercise Modality on Training Load Management
Authors: Sandbakk Øyvind , Haugen Thomas , Ettema Gertjan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To provide novel insight regarding the influence of exercise modality on training load management by (1) providing a theoretical framework for the impact of physiological and biomechanical mechanisms associated with different exercise modalities on training load management in endurance exercise and (2) comparing effort-matched low-intensity training sessions performed by top-level athletes in endurance sports with similar energy demands. Practical Applications and Conclusions: The ability to perform endurance training with manageable muscular loads and low injury risks in different exercise modalities is influenced both by mechanical factors and by muscular state and coordination, which interrelate in optimizing power production while reducing friction and/or drag. Consequently, the choice of exercise modality in endurance training influences effort beyond commonly used external and internal load measurements and should be considered alongside duration, frequency, and intensity when managing training load. By comparing effort-matched low- to moderate-intensity sessions performed by top-level athletes in endurance sports, this study exemplifies how endurance exercise with varying modalities leads to different tolerable volumes. For example, the weight-bearing exercise and high-impact forces in long-distance running put high loads on muscles and tendons, leading to relatively low training volume tolerance. In speed skating, the flexed knee and hip position required for effective speed skating leads to occlusion of thighs and low volume tolerance. In contrast, the non-weight-bearing, low-contraction exercises in cycling or swimming allow for large volumes in the specific exercise modalities. Overall, these differences have major implications on training load management in sports.
Parametrization of the angular distribution of Cherenkov light in air showers
Authors: Arbeletche Luan B. , de Souza Vitor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Cherenkov light produced in air showers largely contributes to the signal observed in ground-based gamma-ray and cosmic-ray observatories. Yet, no description of this phenomenon is available covering both regions of small and large angles to the shower axis. To fill this gap, a parametrization of the angular distribution of Cherenkov photons is performed in terms of a physically-motivated parametric function. Model parameters are constrained using simulated gamma-ray and proton showers with energies in the TeV to EeV region. As a result, a new parametrization is obtained that improves the precision of previous works. Results presented here can be used in the reconstruction of showers with imaging Cherenkov telescopes as well as in the reconstruction of shower profiles with fluorescence detectors.
Relating the curvature of De Sitter universe to open quantum Lamb shift spectroscopy
Authors: Bohra Hardik , Choudhury Sayantan , Chauhan Prashali , Narayan Purnima , Panda Sudhakar , Swain Abinash 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the connection between the curvature of the background De Sitter space-time with the spectroscopic study of entanglement of two atoms. Our set up is in the context of an Open Quantum System (OQS), where the two atoms, each having two energy levels and represented by Pauli spin tensor operators projected along any arbitrary direction. The system mimic the role of a pair of freely falling Unruh De-Witt detectors, which are allowed to non-adiabatically interact with a conformally coupled massless probe scalar field which has the role of background thermal bath. The effective dynamics of this combined system takes into account of the non-adiabatic interaction, which is commonly known as the Resonant Casimir Polder Interaction (RCPI) with the thermal bath. Our analysis revels that the RCPI of two stable entangled atoms in the quantum vacuum states in OQS depends on the de Sitter space-time curvature relevant to the temperature of the thermal bath felt by the static observer. We also find that, in OQS, RCPI produces a new significant contribution appearing in the effective Hamiltonian of the total system and thermal bath under consideration. We find that the Lamb shift is characterised by a decreasing inverse square power law behaviour, $$L^{-2}$$

L

-
2

, when inter atomic Euclidean distance, L, is much larger than a characteristic length scale, k, which is the inverse surface gravity of the background De Sitter space. If the background space time would have been Minkowskian this shift decreases as, $$L^{-1}$$

L

-
1

, and is independent of temperature. Thus, we establish a connection between the curvature of the De Sitter space-time with the Lamb shift spectroscopy.
Lanczos potential of Weyl field: interpretations and applications
Authors: Vishwakarma Ram Gopal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn attempt is made to uncover the physical meaning and significance of the obscure Lanczos tensor field which is regarded as a potential of the Weyl field. Despite being a fundamental building block of any metric theory of gravity, the Lanczos tensor has not been paid proper attention as it deserves. By providing an elucidation on this tensor field through its derivation in some particularly chosen spacetimes, we try to find its adequate interpretation. Though the Lanczos field is traditionally introduced as a gravitational analogue of the electromagnetic 4-potential field, the performed study unearths its another feature – a relativistic analogue of the Newtonian gravitational force field. A new domain of applicability of the Lanczos tensor is introduced which corroborates this new feature of the tensor.
The Future Perfect, Otherwise: Narrative, Abstraction and History in the Work of Fredric Jameson
Authors: La Berge Leigh Claire 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There has long been a tension in Fredric Jameson’s work regarding the extent to which it is possible or warranted to develop transhistorical categories for literary interpretation across of the whole of the capitalist mode of production. In my contribution to this symposium, I take up the problem of how Jameson’s Allegory and Ideology participates in such questions in its consideration of periodisation and narrativisation through the particular construction of allegory, from the early modern age to our financial present.
Factors associated with infrainguinal bypass graft patency at 1-year; a retrospective analysis of a single centre experience
Authors: Normahani Pasha , Anwar Ismail Yusuf , Courtney Alona , Acharya Amish , Sounderajah Viknesh , Mustafa Chira , Jaffer Usman , Shalhoub Joseph , Riga Celia , Gibbs Richard , Jenkins Michael , Bicknell Colin , Davies Alun H , Nott David , Aylwin Christopher , Standfield Nigel J 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with primary graft patency 1 year following open lower limb revascularisation (LLR) at a tertiary referral vascular service. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing infra-inguinal bypass surgery between January 2016 and May 2017 at a tertiary vascular centre (St Mary’s Hospital, London) was performed. Data regarding patient demographics, comorbidities, type of operation and post-operative anti-thrombotic strategy were collected. Quality of run-off score was assessed from pre-operative imaging. Results: Seventy-seven cases were included in the analysis. Overall, the primary patency rate at 1-year was 63.6% ( n = 49/77) and the secondary patency rate was 67.5% ( n = 52/77). Independent variables with statistically significant inferior patency rates at 1-year were (1) bypasses with below knee targets (p = 0.0096), (2) chronic limb threatening ischaemia indication (p = 0.038), (3) previous ipsilateral revascularisation (p < 0.001) and (4) absence of hypertension history (p = 0.041). There was also a trend towards significance for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (p = 0.06). Independent variables with log-rank test p values of <0.1 were included in a Cox proportional hazards model. The only variable with a statistically significant impact on primary patency rates was previous open or endovascular ipsilateral revascularisation (HR 2.44 (1.04–5.7), p = 0.04). Conclusion: At 1-year follow-up, previous ipsilateral revascularisation was the most significant factor in affecting patency rates. Patients in this subgroup should therefore be deemed high-risk, which should be reflected in the informed consent and peri-operative management.
Temperature management on cardiopulmonary bypass: Is it standardised across Great Britain and Ireland?
Authors: Browne Lorraine P 
Published: February 2021

Temperature management is an essential element of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as indicated in the Guide to Good Practice in Clinical Perfusion, ‘The safe conduct of CPB requires the clinical perfusionist to measure and control. . . blood temperature. . . during the period of bypass’. To review current practice, we have conducted a research survey into the management of temperature on CPB. Surveys were distributed to each centre in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland, investigating numerous temperature management practices, to elucidate current practice and assess if recent research into temperature management marry routine clinical practice. Our results demonstrate that nasopharyngeal temperature is the most common (52%) temperature site used across the many centres, which correlates with previous research as a routine site for cerebral temperature management. The arterial outlet of the oxygenator temperature was used in 33% of centres, however, all centres lacked the knowledge to maintain this temperature below 37°C. There was significant variation between all centres, especially regarding rewarming times (20–40 minutes), demonstrating a lack of uniformity among perfusion centres. Interestingly, most centres have been using the same protocol that has been in place over the previous 10 years. To conclude, the practice of temperature management is changing with the awareness of new research. Lower target temperatures are recommended for rewarming, ensuring a lower temperature gradient and a longer mean rewarming time.
Minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation preserves coagulation integrity
Authors: Argiriadou Helena , Antonitsis Polychronis , Gkiouliava Anna , Papapostolou Evangelia , Deliopoulos Apostolos , Anastasiadis Kyriakos 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Coagulopathy after cardiac surgery is a serious multifactorial complication that results in postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion of red blood cells and procoagulant products. Use of cardiopulmonary bypass represents the major contributing factor affecting coagulation. We sought to prospectively investigate the effect of contemporary minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) on coagulation parameters using point-of-care (POC) rotational thromboelastometry and the relation to postoperative bleeding. Methods: Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery on MiECC were prospectively recruited. Anticoagulation strategy was based on individualized heparin management and heparin level-guided protamine titration. Rotational thromboelastometry testing was performed before induction of anesthesia and after aortic cross-clamp release. A strict POC-guided transfusion protocol was implemented. The primary endpoint was the assessment of viscoelastic properties of the coagulating blood at the end of surgery compared to preoperative values and the relation to postoperative bleeding and 24-hour transfusion requirements. Results: Fifty patients were included in the study with a significant proportion having complex surgery. Thirteen patients (26%) required blood transfusion (mean rate: 0.5 ± 1 units per patient), 5/50 (10%) received coagulation factors while no patient received fresh frozen plasma, platelets or fibrinogen. Thromboelastometry analysis showed that the major derangement was CT EXTEM > 100 seconds in 28/50 (56%) and A10 EXTEM < 40 mm in one (2%) patient without clinical significance. Platelet function was preserved throughout surgery. A10-FIBTEM was found predictive of postoperative bleeding at 12 hours. Conclusions: MiECC preserves clot quality throughout surgery acting in both key determinants of clot strength; fibrinogen and platelets. This is clinically translated into minimal postoperative bleeding and restricted use of blood products and coagulation factors.
Sex differences in depressive symptoms and tolerability after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: Secondary analyses of the GENPOD trial
Authors: Gougoulaki Marilia , Lewis Glyn , Nutt David J , Peters Tim J , Wiles Nicola J , Lewis Gemma 
Published: February 2021

Background: Differences in serotonergic neurotransmission could lead to sex differences in depressive symptoms and tolerability after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Aims: We investigated whether women have greater reductions in depressive symptoms than men after treatment with an SSRI (citalopram) compared with a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (reboxetine) control, and after antidepressant treatment irrespective of class. We also investigated tolerability and the influence of menopausal status. Methods: Secondary analyses of the GENPOD (GENetic and clinical Predictors Of treatment response in Depression) trial. Six hundred and one people with depression were recruited from UK primary care and randomized to citalopram or reboxetine. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score at 6 weeks was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included BDI-II score at 12 weeks, and physical symptoms and treatment discontinuation. We calculated main effects and interaction terms using linear and logistic regression models. Results: There was no evidence that women experienced greater reductions in depressive symptoms than men when treated with citalopram compared with reboxetine. We also found no evidence of sex differences at six or 12 weeks (irrespective of antidepressant class): men scored −0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) −2.23 to 1.62) BDI-II points lower than women at six weeks and −0.44 (95% CI −2.62 to 1.74) points lower at 12 weeks. There was no evidence of sex differences in physical symptoms or treatment discontinuation and no evidence for an influence of menopausal status. Conclusion: Citalopram was not more effective in women compared with men and there was no difference in tolerability. Women and men had similar prognosis after SSRI treatment and similar prognosis regardless of antidepressant class. Findings were unaltered by menopausal status.
Retrospective analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in malignant obstructive jaundice before and after external and internal biliary drainage
Authors: An Jianli , Dong Yanchao , Li Yanguo , Han Xiaoyu , Sha Junfeng , Zou Zibo , Niu Hongtao 
Published: February 2021

Objective To study changes in T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and liver enzymes in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) before and after external biliary drainage (percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography drainage, PTCD) and internal biliary drainage (percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stents, PTIBS). Methods MOJ patients undergoing PTCD (n = 44) and PTIBS (n = 38) at our hospital were enrolled in the study from January 2017 until December 2019. Peripheral blood total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CD3+%, CD4+%, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured before and 1 week after biliary drainage. Results There was no significant difference in any parameter between the two groups before biliary drainage. TBIL, DBIL, AST and ALT following PTCD were significantly lower than before PTCD. By contrast, CD3+%, CD4+%, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α showed no significant difference before and 1 week after PTCD. TBIL, DBIL, AST, ALT, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower following PTIBS than before PTIBS. CD3+%, CD4+%, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and IL-2 were significantly higher following PTIBS than before PTIBS. Conclusion Both PTCD and PTIBS were effective for treatment of MOJ, but PTIBS was more beneficial for recovery of immune function.
Integration of focal vibration and intra-articular oxygen–ozone therapy in rehabilitation of painful knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Paolucci Teresa , Agostini Francesco , Bernetti Andrea , Paoloni Marco , Mangone Massimiliano , Santilli Valter , Pezzi Letizia , Bellomo Rosa Grazia , Saggini Raoul 
Published: February 2021

Objective To examine the pain-reducing effects of intra-articular oxygen–ozone (O2O3) injections and mechanical focal vibration (mFV) versus O2O3 injections alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Patients with chronic pain (>6 weeks) due to knee osteoarthritis (II–III on the Kellgren–Lawrence scale) were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups: O2O3 (n = 25) and O2O3-mFV (n = 24). The visual analog scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Medical Research Council (MRC) Manual Muscle Testing scale were administered at baseline (before treatment), after 3 weeks of treatment, and 1 month after the end of treatment. Patients received three once-weekly intra-articular injections of O2O3 into the knee (20 mL O3, 20 μg/mL). The O2O3-mFV group also underwent nine sessions of mFV (three sessions per week). Results The VAS score, KOOS, and MRC score were significantly better in the O2O3-mFV than O2O3 group. The within-group analysis showed that all scores improved over time compared with baseline and were maintained even 1 month after treatment. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion An integrated rehabilitation protocol involving O2O3 injections and mFV for 3 weeks reduces pain, increases autonomy in daily life activities, and strengthens the quadriceps femoris.