bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Language Through Science
Authors: Gerde Hope K. , Wasik Barbara A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTeaching science can provide opportunities for young children to explore and learn about the world around them and, equally important, to support children's language development. Yet, recent research suggests that children's access to science education is limited, especially in early and elementary education. Since language is critical to children's success in learning to read, teachers need access to a variety of venues to develop these foundational literacy skills. This paper provides evidence of the importance of teaching science in an effort to teach science ideas and develop children's language. In addition, this paper describes a range of approaches teachers can use to facilitate inquiry‐based science education and oral language development simultaneously. When educators engage children in high‐quality science experiences, they present children with the opportunity to develop both science ideas and language.
Participation and Social Exclusion – Are They Mutually Exclusive Phenomena?
Authors: Häbig Julia , Zala-Mezö Enikö , Herzig Pascale , Müller-Kuhn Daniela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe local education laws in Switzerland mandated the implementation of the rights of the child which includes student participation. Through a comparative case study, our aim was to achieve a better understanding of how participation could be put into practice. While we sought out narratives and situations in which participation took place, in one school we discovered many tendencies towards social exclusion. Children and teenagers reported in interviews and group discussions experiencing humiliation and exclusion, which is contrary to Article 29. In this chapter, the concepts of social exclusion and participation will be introduced and connected. Different perspectives of teachers and students will be combined to demonstrate how different attitudes, beliefs and actions sustain an exclusionary school culture. We conclude that participation is a counteragent of social exclusion and an essential condition to implementing Article 29 embedded in a thorough school improvement process, where all actors collectively construct meaningful student participation.
Voluntary and Forced Return Migration Under a Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Mencutek Zeynep Sahin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on migrants’ return desires and actual returns across the globe. Border closures in the face of pandemic lead to the panic mobility of those returning home. The ensuing lockdowns and economic difficulties restricted migrant workers’ access to income and protection, pushing them to return. The pandemic brought evident risks for the regular migrants’ access to healthcare, financial security, and social protection, forcing them to consider the return option too. For irregular migrants, the pandemic further increased the risk of forced returns, including detention, deportation, and pushbacks. For all migrants, decisions are marked by a deep dilemma between staying and returning. Meanwhile, receiving, sending, and transit countries, as well as international organisations are involved in return processes by providing logistics, on the one hand, and stigmatising returnees as carriers of virus, on the other. This study is based on desk research and analysis of the scholarly literature, reports, and grey literature from international organizations, civil society reports, scientific blogs, and media reports. An emphasis on returns provides us broader insights to evaluate changing characteristics of migration and mobility in ‘pandemic times’, the governance of returns, its consequences, and the rhetoric about returnees.
The Eye of the Beholder: Applying Visual Analysis in an Historical Study of Lynxes’ Representations in the Bavarian Forest Region
Authors: Baimukhamedova Zhanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRepresentation is never neutral, especially when it comes to agents devoid of their own voice. As such, wildlife has often been employed as a sort of leverage point, an emotional trigger aimed to deliver a certain message (see e.g., Cronin, 2011). The establishment of the Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP) coincided with the return of large carnivores to the region, in particular, lynxes. Lynxes are endemic to the area; however, as in many other parts of Europe, the last free-roaming individuals were eradicated in the middle of the nineteenth century. In the past few decades, slowly, lynxes were both reintroduced or came back on their own volition, and that has created a considerable response from the population. There has been extensive coverage of the return of these animals both in local and regional media. Lynxes are also kept in the enclosures of the BFNP to afford visitors an unmediated look at the native charismatic megafauna. In this chapter, I analyse how lynxes have been represented in the local media, the newspaperGrafenauer Anzeiger, and discuss merits and drawbacks of visual analysis research method in understanding the change in attitudes towards these animals’ presence in the BFNP area. For that, I look at the archival and contemporary publications of the newspaper. It has been said that the precondition for people’s understanding of reality lays in fantasy, in imagining things to be true (Bergman, 2013). A visual analysis method can help uncover stories that do not necessarily come to the fore in text, and that, in turn, makes it possible to have a fuller grasp of one’s research object. Andrew Isenberg once said that “[our] representations of wildlife are inescapably expressions of human values” (Isenberg, 2002), and while texts are important in their own regard, visual analysis gives an opportunity to look behind a textual narrative to discern whether what weseeof the wildlife corresponds to what weunderstand.
Engaging ‘Future Generations’ in Meaning Making through Visual Methods: An Alternative Approach to Defining City-Regions
Authors: Axinte Lorena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCity-regional planning has gained significant attention and funding in the UK, as national and local authorities decided that an intermediary level—the city-region—would be the appropriate one to drive economic development. Nonetheless, city-regions have long been criticized for their undemocratic and closed structures, enlarging the engagement barriers especially for young people. Encouraged by Wales’ innovative legislation, The Wellbeing of Future Generations Act, this research tried to fill the gap in the city-regional youth engagement literature. Specifically, it asked: How could a research project stimulate a conversation with the future generations about the areas where they live, and how could it encourage meaningful reflections on previously unfamiliar concepts, such as city-regions? Two creative participatory research methods, web-mapping and Photovoice, helped explore young people’s lived experience within a newly created administrative layer—Cardiff Capital Region. Results show that despite failing to emancipate the participants’ voices and needs, the two methods employed helped to attract participants, facilitated the understanding of the city-region concept and enabled young people to reflect on their surrounding environment.
Cooking Commoning Subjectivities: Guerrilla Narrative in the Cooperation Birmingham Solidarity Kitchen
Authors: Ruiz Cayuela Sergio , Armiero Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the recently developed concept of guerrilla narrative as a tool that offers great potential for militant research. “Guerrilla narrative” emerged from the politicization of the oral history tradition; it was developed by Marco Armiero as a research tool to explore histories of contamination and resistance in subaltern communities. In this chapter, we broaden the scope of guerrilla narrative and explore its role in the reclamation/invention of the urban commons. Particularly, we look closely at the tools that contribute to the creation of commoning subjectivities. We focus on the mutual aid relief operations led by the grassroots organization Cooperation Birmingham during the COVID-19 pandemic, analysing both their solidarity kitchen and newsletter. We argue that both are manifestations of guerrilla narrative in the sense that both produce counter-hegemonic narratives while fostering commoning practices. This means that guerrilla narrative goes beyond the wording, textual or even artistic paradigms to incorporate more embodied forms of storytelling, such as the practice or running a solidarity kitchen or other forms of material commoning practices.
Hybrides Maschinelles Lernen im Kontext der Produktion
Authors: Gauger Isabelle , Nagel Tobias , Huber Marco 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Maschinellem Lernen (ML) zur Gewinnung von Erkenntnissen aus großen Datenmengen und der Lösung anspruchsvoller Aufgaben bietet ein enormes Potenzial für die industrielle Produktion. Allerdings ist der Einsatz von ML-Modellen auch mit Herausforderungen verbunden. Dazu gehören die meist großen benötigten Datenmengen sowie die mangelnde Transparenz und Erklärbarkeit dieser Modelle, was ihren Einsatz in der Praxis erschwert. Ein Ansatz, um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, ist, in der Industrie vorhandenes Fachwissen zu nutzen und mit ML-Modellen zu verbinden. Dieser Ansatz wird alshybrides maschinelles Lernenbezeichnet. Im Folgenden werden die Vor- und Nachteile von klassischen wissens- und datenbasierten Modellen diskutiert sowie Ansätze vorgestellt, um beide Welten miteinander zu verbinden. Anhand von Beispielen aus der Regelungstechnik und Industrierobotik wird erläutert, wie sich diese anschließend im Produktionskontext umsetzen lassen. Im Fokus stehen dabei besonders Aspekte der Zuverlässigkeit, wie die Erklärbarkeit und Robustheit solcher Systeme, die wichtige Elemente der digitalen Souveränität des Anwenders sind.
Probing charged lepton flavor violation with axion-like particles at Belle II
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Soffer Abner , Wang Zeren Simon , Wu Yu-Heng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study charged lepton flavor violation associated with a light leptophilic axion-like particle (ALP), X, at the B-factory experiment Belle II. We focus on production of the ALP in the tau decays τ → Xl with l = e, μ, followed by its decay via X → l−l+. The ALP can be either promptly decaying or long-lived. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations, recasting a prompt search at Belle for lepton-flavor-violating τ decays, and propose a displaced-vertex (DV) search. For both types of searches, we derive the Belle II sensitivity reaches in both the product of branching fractions and the ALP coupling constants, as functions of the ALP mass and lifetime. The results show that the DV search exceeds the sensitivity reach of the prompt search to the relevant branching fractions by up to about a factor of 40 in the long decay length regime.
The limits of automatic sensorimotor processing during word processing: investigations with repeated linguistic experience, memory consolidation during sleep, and rich linguistic learning contexts
Authors: Günther Fritz , Press Sophia Antonia , Dudschig Carolin , Kaup Barbara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile a number of studies have repeatedly demonstrated an automatic activation of sensorimotor experience during language processing in the form of action-congruency effects, as predicted by theories of grounded cognition, more recent research has not found these effects for words that were just learned from linguistic input alone, without sensorimotor experience with their referents. In the present study, we investigate whether this absence of effects can be attributed to a lack of repeated experience and consolidation of the associations between words and sensorimotor experience in memory. To address these issues, we conducted four experiments in which (1 and 2) participants engaged in two separate learning phases in which they learned novel words from language alone, with an intervening period of memory-consolidating sleep, and (3 and 4) we employed familiar words whose referents speakers have no direct experience with (such as plankton). However, we again did not observe action-congruency effects in subsequent test phases in any of the experiments. This indicates that direct sensorimotor experience with word referents is a necessary requirement for automatic sensorimotor activation during word processing.
FAM3A Ameliorates Brain Impairment Induced by Hypoxia–Ischemia in Neonatal Rat
Authors: Song Qing , Gao Qingying , Chen Taotao , Wen Ting , Wu Peng , Luo Xiao , Chen Qiao Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hypoxia–ischemia (HI) during crucial periods of brain formation can lead to changes in brain morphology, propagation of neuronal stimuli, and permanent neurodevelopmental impairment, which can have profound effects on cognitive function later in life. FAM3A, a subgroup of family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) gene family, is ubiquitously expressed in almost all cells. Overexpression of FAM3A has been evidenced to reduce hyperglycemia via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and protect mitochondrial function in neuronal HT22 cells. This study aims to evaluate the protective role of FAM3A in HI-induced brain impairment. Experimentally, maternal rats underwent uterine artery bilateral ligation to induce neonatal HI on day 14 of gestation. At 6 weeks of age, cognitive development assessments including NSS, wire grip, and water maze were carried out. The animals were then sacrificed to assess cerebral mitochondrial function as well as levels of FAM3A, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Results suggest that HI significantly reduced FAM3A expression in rat brain tissues, and that overexpression of FAM3A through lentiviral transduction effectively improved cognitive and motor functions in HI rats as reflected by improved NSS evaluation, cerebral water content, limb strength, as well as spatial learning and memory. At the molecular level, overexpression of FAM3A was able to promote ATP production, balance mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. We conclude that FAM3A overexpression may have a protective effect on neuron morphology, cerebral mitochondrial as well as cognitive function.

Graphical Abstract
Fenhexamid - an efficient and inexpensive fungicide for selection of Magnaporthe oryzae transformants
Authors: Wegner Alex , Wirtz Louisa , Leisen Thomas , Hahn Matthias , Schaffrath Ulrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMagnaporthe oryzae is one of the most economically important phytopathogenic fungi, and is used as a model organism to study plant-pathogen interactions. To unravel the infection process, forward and reverse genetic approaches are essential, but are often hindered by the lack of a straightforward selection procedure for transformants. Here we report on the use of fenhexamid, an inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis, for selection of M. oryzae transformants. An allele of the sterol 3-ketoreductase gene of Fusarium fujikuroi (FfERG27), known to confer resistance to fenhexamid, has already been used successfully with transformants of Botrytis cinerea. Our results demonstrate that expression of the FfERG27 allele in M. oryzae also enables highly efficient selection of transformants on fenhexamid-containing media. The use of fenhexamid is an inexpensive alternative for selection as compared to commonly used antibiotics like hygromycin. No impact on growth and infection phenotypes of fenhexamid resistant M. oryzae mutants was detected, which underpins its usefulness for selecting M. oryzae transformants.
Global convergence of model function based Bregman proximal minimization algorithms
Authors: Mukkamala Mahesh Chandra , Fadili Jalal , Ochs Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLipschitz continuity of the gradient mapping of a continuously differentiable function plays a crucial role in designing various optimization algorithms. However, many functions arising in practical applications such as low rank matrix factorization or deep neural network problems do not have a Lipschitz continuous gradient. This led to the development of a generalized notion known as the L-smad property, which is based on generalized proximity measures called Bregman distances. However, the L-smad property cannot handle nonsmooth functions, for example, simple nonsmooth functions like $$\vert x^4-1 \vert $$

|

x
4

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1
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and also many practical composite problems are out of scope. We fix this issue by proposing the MAP property, which generalizes the L-smad property and is also valid for a large class of structured nonconvex nonsmooth composite problems. Based on the proposed MAP property, we propose a globally convergent algorithm called Model BPG, that unifies several existing algorithms. The convergence analysis is based on a new Lyapunov function. We also numerically illustrate the superior performance of Model BPG on standard phase retrieval problems and Poisson linear inverse problems, when compared to a state of the art optimization method that is valid for generic nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems.
Context matters: the landscape matrix determines the population genetic structure of temperate forest herbs across Europe
Authors: Naaf Tobias , Feigs Jannis Till , Huang Siyu , Brunet Jörg , Cousins Sara A. O. , Decocq Guillaume , De Frenne Pieter , Diekmann Martin , Govaert Sanne , Hedwall Per-Ola , Lenoir Jonathan , Liira Jaan , Meeussen Camille , Plue Jan , Vangansbeke Pieter , Vanneste Thomas , Verheyen Kris , Holzhauer Stephanie I. J. , Kramp Katja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Context
Plant populations in agricultural landscapes are mostly fragmented and their functional connectivity often depends on seed and pollen dispersal by animals. However, little is known about how the interactions of seed and pollen dispersers with the agricultural matrix translate into gene flow among plant populations.

Objectives
We aimed to identify effects of the landscape structure on the genetic diversity within, and the genetic differentiation among, spatially isolated populations of three temperate forest herbs. We asked, whether different arable crops have different effects, and whether the orientation of linear landscape elements relative to the gene dispersal direction matters.

Methods
We analysed the species’ population genetic structures in seven agricultural landscapes across temperate Europe using microsatellite markers. These were modelled as a function of landscape composition and configuration, which we quantified in buffer zones around, and in rectangular landscape strips between, plant populations.

Results
Landscape effects were diverse and often contrasting between species, reflecting their association with different pollen- or seed dispersal vectors. Differentiating crop types rather than lumping them together yielded higher proportions of explained variation. Some linear landscape elements had both a channelling and hampering effect on gene flow, depending on their orientation.

Conclusions
Landscape structure is a more important determinant of the species’ population genetic structure than habitat loss and fragmentation per se. Landscape planning with the aim to enhance the functional connectivity among spatially isolated plant populations should consider that even species of the same ecological guild might show distinct responses to the landscape structure.
Dual processes, dual virtues
Authors: Ohlhorst Jakob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI argue that virtue reliabilism and virtue responsibilism are complementary. They do not give competing accounts of epistemic virtue. Rather they explain the excellent functioning of different parts of our cognitive apparatus. Reliabilist virtue designates the excellent functioning of fast and context-specific Type 1 cognitive processes, while responsibilist virtue means an excellent functioning of effortful and reflective Type 2 cognitive processes. This account unifies reliabilist and responsibilist virtue theory. But the virtues are not unified by designating some epistemic norm that both aim at. Instead, I unify them through their cognitive foundations. Because Type 1 and Type 2 cognition are complementary, reliabilist and responsibilist virtues are complementary. Thereby, this dual-process theory of epistemic virtue gives a naturalised account of virtues as well as an explanation of how reliabilism and responsibilism relate. This approach offers a solution for both the generality problem and the situationist challenge to virtue epistemology; additionally it preserves the epistemological autonomy of each virtue type.
Digitalisation and Employees’ Subjective Job Quality in the Second Half of Working Life in Germany
Authors: Kortmann Lisa Katharina , Simonson Julia , Vogel Claudia , Huxhold Oliver 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince digitalisation alters occupational task profiles via automation processes, job quality is also likely to be affected. While existing literature mainly focusses on objective job quality, this study asks if and how digitalisation is associated with employees’ subjective job quality in the second half of working life in Germany. Analyses are based on the German Ageing Survey 2014. Our sample includes n = 1541 employees aged 40–65 years who are subject to social insurance contributions. Subjective job quality is operationalised with regards to job satisfaction and perceived occupational stress in general, and ten aspects of job quality in detail. Digitalisation is approximated by substitution potentials of occupations. We control the association for compositional effects in the workforce, as well as for the moderating effect of perceived job insecurity. The results indicate that digitalisation is predominantly beneficial but also unfavourable in a few other respects for employees’ subjective job quality. The higher the degree of digitalisation, the higher is the employee’s general job satisfaction on average; for general perceived occupational stress, we find no significant association. Regarding single aspects of subjective job quality, employees working in more digitalised occupations are found to report on average higher satisfaction with working hours and earnings, and lower levels of stress due to tight schedules. However, they also report higher levels of stress due to negative environmental factors.
Classification by decomposition: a novel approach to classification of symmetric $$2\times 2$$ games
Authors: Böörs Mikael , Wängberg Tobias , Everitt Tom , Hutter Marcus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a detailed review of previous classifications of $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

games and suggest a mathematically simple way to classify the symmetric $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

games based on a decomposition of the payoff matrix into a cooperative and a zero-sum part. We argue that differences in the interaction between the parts is what makes games interesting in different ways. Our claim is supported by evolutionary computer experiments and findings in previous literature. In addition, we provide a method for using a stereographic projection to create a compact 2-d representation of the game space.