bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-cultural comparison of factors associated with marijuana use among college students in the United States and Sweden
Authors: Litt Dana M. , Stahlbrandt Henriettae , Andersson Claes , Berglund Mats , LoParco Cassidy R. , Garcia Tracey A. , Lewis Melissa A. , Larimer Mary E. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Marijuana is a popular drug among U.S. college students. In Sweden, the prevalence of marijuana use has been relatively low but is increasing. Brief, personalized interventions have been efficacious in reducing substance use, including marijuana, among college students in the U.S. However, prior to implementation of U.S. interventions in Sweden, it is important to compare factors associated with marijuana use among college students in the two countries.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Data are from baseline assessments of two large college student intervention studies in the U.S. (N = 3,753, 39% male) and Sweden (N = 2,280, 35% male).
Measures: Past 30-day prevalence and frequency of marijuana use was analyzed in regard to relevant demographic factors. The moderating role of nationality was also examined.
Findings: Results support previous findings indicating marijuana use is more common in the U.S. than in Sweden. Most demographic factors were similar across the countries, except for relationship status and work status, in which associations with number of marijuana use days (but not odds of any marijuana use) were stronger for Swedish college students compared to U.S. college students.
Conclusions: Based on overall similarities between the U.S. and Sweden, comparable interventions might be recommended in both countries.
Extraction and Estimation of Protein from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its Interaction with Glucose Molecule
Authors: Ayuba Sumayya Ahmed , Shehu Ahmad , Isah Mustapha , Ibrahim Tijjani , Muhammad Labbo Abdullahi 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To evaluate the protein composition in the ginger rhizome and its interaction with glucose molecule.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria, between April 2021 and May 2021.
Methodology: Protein was extracted from the rhizome of ginger using 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The protein concentration of the sample was estimated using Biuret method while using xanthoproteic test, the presence of aromatic amino acids was ascertained. The crude protein sample was interacted with glucose using UV interaction study.
Results: The protein concentration of the sample (2 g) was found to be 1.702 mg/ml, it was identified that ginger rhizome contains aromatic amino acids. UV interaction study between the crude protein sample and glucose molecule showed an increase in absorbance at the range of 280 nm.
Conclusion: The interaction of ginger with glucose shows that it possesses a hypoglycemic effect.
Effect of Hexane Extracts of Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) on Hematotoxicity Induced by Cyanide in Male Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Demilade Ojeniyi Fiyinfoluwa , Folashade Ehigie Adeola , Lydia Aluko Oluwatosin , Emmanuel Adeleke Gbadebo , Ona Ehigie Leonard 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To investigate the effect of Hexane extract of Chromolaena odorata (HECO) on cyanide induced hematotoxicity in male Albino Wistar rats.
Methodology: Thirty-five (35) male albino rats weighing between 100g and 150g were distributed randomly into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 which comprised of normal rats received distilled water and served as the normal control, while groups 2-7 comprised of rats exposed to Potassium cyanide (KCN) (3 mg/kg). Group 2 received no treatment and served as the negative control. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg of HECO respectively. Group 6 received 200 mg/kg HECO and 200 mg/kg sodium thiosulphate while group 7 was treated with a sodium thiosulphate (200 mg/kg), an established antidote, and served as the positive control. All administrations were done via the oral route and lasted for 14 days. Complete blood count was conducted after the experimental period. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukeys multiple comparisons test and P < .05 was considered significant.
Results: Results obtained indicate Red cell indices and white blood cell and differential were all significantly raised (P < .05) in treated rats relative to the negative control rats. Platelet value and Mean corpuscular volume were raised and lowered respectively during induction by the treatments, however, no statistical significance (P < .05) was observed. The results therefore suggest that C. odorata could be valuable in the management of the hematological changes induced by cyanide.
Conclusion: HECO reversed the adverse hematological changes in rats induced by cyanide at 100, 150 and 200 doses, with the 200 mg dose being more effective.
Influence of Bio-fertilizer and Organic Seed Treatment on Growth and Yield Attributing Traits of Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) Variety (Pusa -21)
Authors: Manjunadh Jalla , Dayal Abhinav , Nagar Sasya , Rai Prashant Kumar 
Published: October 2021

The Field experiment was conducted in a Randomized block Design (RBD) with three replications during Rabi, 2020-2021 at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The genetically pure seeds of Mustard variety Pusa-21 were used for the study. The mustard seeds primed with botanicals and chemicals( Vermiwash, Panchagavya, Azatobactor, NaCl , KNO3, Neem leaf, Parthenium leaf and FYM) were subjected to study in field experiment of growth and yield parameters were recorded. Objectives of the topic are to evaluate the Influence of bio fertilizer and organic seed treatment on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of mustard crop and to find out the suitable pre-sowing seed treatment for mustard crop. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares due to seed priming treatments. The highest germination percent (88.89),plant height (132.53 cm), number of branches(12.60 per plant), yield attributing parameters in mustard as number of silique per plant (292.87), number of seeds per silique (18.73), seed yield per plant (17.73 gm/plant), seed yield per plot (214.33 gm/ plot), biological yield per plot (443.15/ plot), seed yield per hectare (2143.33 kg/ ha), biological yield per hectare (5140 kg/ ha) and harvest index (41.69) showing better result when treated with treatment vermiwash 5 % for 12 hours. Remaining treatments i.e, treatment with panchgavya 5 % & 3 %, azotobactor 3 % & 2 %, NaCl 0.5 % & 0.1 %, KNO3 0.5 % & 0.1 %, neem leaf extract, parthenium leaf extract for and fym 2 % for 12 hours recorded the second most effective treatments and observed significantly superior. It concluded that T8 (vermiwash 5% solution) found superior in all the growth and yield parameters.
Parthenolide Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest by the Suppression of miR-375 Through Nucleolin in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Moorthy Rajesh Kannan , Jayamohan Sridharan , Kannan Mahesh Kumar , Arockiam Antony Joseph Velanganni 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To investigate the effect of parthenolide on nucleolin in controlling the expression of miR-375 that induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer.
Study Design: This study is an experimental study.
Methodology: The cytotoxicity effect of parthenolide was tested by MTT assay for 48 h. Microscopic techniques were used to identify the morphological changes of the cell line. The expression of apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes was analyzed by the Real-Time PCR. The phase of cell cycle arrest was identified by Flow cytometry.
Results: The obtained results indicated that parthenolide induced cytotoxicity and suppressed the proliferation by reducing the growth of LNCaP cells in 48 h. The microscopic analysis showed the alteration of cell morphology and increase of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species. Parthenolide promotes apoptosis by the downregulation of nucleolin, Bcl-2, and up-regulation of Bax gene. Moreover, the flow cytometry assay showed the G1/G0 phase of cell cycle arrest.
Conclusion: Parthenolide induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through nucleolin by the suppression of miR-375 in prostate cancer cells.
Polydopamine Nanosheets Doped Injectable Hydrogel with Nitric Oxide Release and Photothermal Effects for Bacterial Ablation and Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Genhua , Wang Lu , He Ye , Wang Liucan , Deng Zhiwen , Liu Junjie , Peng Dan , Ding Tao , Lu Lu , Ding Yao , Zhang Jixi , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of wound dressings with combined antibacterial activities and pro‐healing functions has always been an intractable medical task for treating bacterial wound infection. Herein, a novel injectable hybrid hydrogel dressing is developed, which is doped with nitric oxide (NO) donor (N,N’‐di‐sec‐butyl‐N,N’‐dinitroso‐1,4‐phenylenediamine, BNN6) loaded two‐dimensional polydopamine nanosheets (PDA NS). The hydrogel matrix is in situ formed through dynamic Schiff base crosslinking between hydrazide‐modified γ‐polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA‐ADH) and aldehyde‐terminated Pluronic F127 (F127‐CHO). Under 808 nm irradiation, the embedded PDA NS exhibits outstanding photothermal transform properties (56.1%) and on‐demand NO release. The combination of photothermal and NO gas therapy with a synergistic antibacterial effect works on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Furthermore, a full‐thickness skin defect model also demonstrates that the hybrid hydrogel shows outstanding antibacterial properties and effectively accelerates the wound healing process. Overall, this study provides a facile and promising method for the fabrication of PDA NS based multifunctional hydrogel dressing for the application of infectious skin wound healing.
ROS/RNS and Base Dual Activatable Merocyanine‐Based NIR‐II Fluorescent Molecular Probe for in vivo Biosensing
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Ying , He Haisheng , Wang Shangfeng , Lei Zuhai , Zhang Fan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInflammation usually results in high‐level reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) not only in acidic tissue but also in alkaline tissue. However, noninvasively in vivo monitoring reactive species specifically within alkaline tissue remains a huge challenge. Here we introduce a dual activatable fluorescent probe PN910 located in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 900–1700 nm), which shows high selectivity toward H2O2 and OONO− at pH beyond 7.4. Then we verified that PN910 could be used for the real‐time, specific and accurate monitoring of cystitis and colitis for living animals. This report presents a unique approach to the development of dual activatable probe for in vivo biosensing.
Interfacial Super‐Assembly of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon‐Silica/AAO Hybrid Membrane with Enhanced Permselectivity for Temperature‐ and pH‐Sensitive Smart Ion Transport
Authors: Zhou Shan , Xie Lei , Li Xiaofeng , Huang Yanan , Zhang Liping , Liang Qirui , Yan Miao , Zeng Jie , Qiu Beilei , Liu Tianyi , Tang Jinyao , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei , Kong Biao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanofluidic devices have been widely used for diode‐like ion transport and salinity gradients energy conversion. Emerging reverse electrodialysis (RED) nanofluidic systems based on nanochannel membrane display great superiority in salinity gradient energy harvesting. However, the imbalance between permeability and selectivity limits their practical application. Here, a new mesoporous carbon‐silica/anodized aluminum (MCS/AAO) nanofluidic device with enhanced permselectivity for temperature‐ and pH‐regulated energy generation was obtained by interfacial super‐assembly method. A maximum power density of 5.04 W m−2 is achieved, and a higher performance can be obtained by regulating temperature and pH. Theoretical calculations are further implemented to reveal the mechanism for ion rectification, ion selectivity and energy conversion. Results show that the MCS/AAO hybrid membrane has great superiority in diode‐like ion transport, temperature‐ and pH‐regulated salinity gradient energy conversion.
Driver gene alterations profiling of Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer and the effects of co‐occurring alterations on immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Shengjie , Du Wenjuan , Sun Qiong , Zhao Xiao , Qin Boyu , Shi Duozhi , Wan Chong , Wu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMolecular testing for alterations in oncogenic driver genes and targeted therapies have become standard procedures for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, little evidence has shed light on the pattern of co‐existence of driver genes in NSCLC, and whether they may have different tumor features affecting immunotherapy is still unclarified.MethodsGenomic alterations in 14 lung cancer‐related genes were conducted in 3440 Chinese NSCLC patients using next‐generation sequencing. Meanwhile, tumor mutational burden and immunotherapy dataset from the Memorial sloan kettering cancer center (MSKCC) and lung adenocarcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized for analyzing the impact of the co‐occurring alterations on patients’ survival following immunotherapy.ResultsIn this cohort, 90.17% of patients had at least one somatic alteration in the 14 genes, including 51% of co‐occurring alterations. TP53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were the most prevalent genes (54.74% and 53.55%, respectively), followed by KRAS, ERBB2, ALK, PIK3CA, ROS1, RET, MET, BRAF, KIT, FGFR1, PDGFRA, and NRAS. The prevalence of TP53, EGFR, and ERBB2 in our cohort were significantly higher than that from the TCGA database, whereas KRAS, BRAF, and PDGFRA were significantly lower than the latter. Furthermore, the patients who harbored multiple alterations (8.86%, 31/350) in eight driver genes survived longer and have a higher tumor mutation burden compared to the patients with a single alteration. Similar result was found between the patients with co‐occurring alteration of EGFR and other driver genes and the patients with single EGFR alteration. Meanwhile, we found a distinct immune cell infiltration feature between patients with single and multiple driver gene alterations, as well as between patients with only EGFR alteration and co‐occurring groups.ConclusionThis study identified a unique driver gene feature and found patients harboring co‐occurring alterations of EGFR and other driver genes may benefit from immunotherapy, which may provide more therapeutic selections for EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients and merit additional investigation.
Activity‐dependent alteration of early myelin ensheathment in a developing sensory circuit
Authors: Chorghay Zahraa , MacFarquhar David , Li Vanessa J. , Aufmkolk Sarah , Schohl Anne , Wiseman Paul W. , Káradóttir Ragnhildur Thóra , Ruthazer Edward S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyelination allows for the regulation of conduction velocity, affecting the precise timing of neuronal inputs important for the development and function of brain circuits. In turn, myelination may be altered by changes in experience, neuronal activity, and vesicular release, but the links between sensory experience, corresponding neuronal activity, and resulting alterations in myelination require further investigation. We thus studied the development of myelination in the Xenopus laevis tadpole, a classic model for studies of visual system development and function because it is translucent and visually responsive throughout the formation of its retinotectal system. We begin with a systematic characterization of the timecourse of early myelin ensheathment in the Xenopus retinotectal system using immunohistochemistry of myelin basic protein (MBP) along with third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy, a label‐free structural imaging technique. Based on the mid‐larval developmental progression of MBP expression in Xenopus, we identified an appropriate developmental window in which to assess the effects of early temporally patterned visual experience on myelin ensheathment. We used calcium imaging of axon terminals in vivo to characterize the responses of retinal ganglion cells over a range of stroboscopic stimulation frequencies. Strobe frequencies that reliably elicited robust versus dampened calcium responses were then presented to animals for 7 d, and differences in the amount of early myelin ensheathment at the optic chiasm were subsequently quantified. This study provides evidence that it is not just the presence but also to the specific temporal properties of sensory stimuli that are important for myelin plasticity.
Postnatal myelination of the immature rat cingulum is regulated by GABAB receptor activity
Authors: Pudasaini Samipa , Friedrich Vivien , Bührer Christoph , Endesfelder Stefanie , Scheuer Till , Schmitz Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyelination of axons in the neonatal brain is a highly complex process primarily achieved by oligodendroglial cells (OLs). OLs express receptors for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is released from cortical interneurons on a basal level, while glial cells can be a source of GABA, too. We investigated GABA‐induced oligodendroglial maturation, proliferation, apoptosis, and myelin production after pharmacological inhibition of GABAA and GABAB in the neonatal rat brain. Daily injections of the reverse GABAA receptor agonist (DMCM) and the GABAB receptor antagonist (CGP35348) were performed from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P11. MBP expression was examined by Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we determined the number of CC1+OLIG2+ and CNP+OLIG2+ cells to assess maturation, the number of PCNA+OLIG2+ oligodendrocytes to assess proliferation, the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (PDGFRα+OLIG2+), and apoptosis of OLs (CASP3A+OLIG2+) as well as apoptotic cells in total (CASP3A+DAPI+) at P11 and P15. In addition, we analyzed the expression Pdgfrα and CNP. MBP expression was significantly reduced after CGP treatment at P15. In the same animal group, CNP expression and CNP+OLIG2+ cells decreased temporarily at P11. At P15, the proliferation of PCNA+OLIG2+ cells and the number of PDGFRα+OLIG2+ cells increased after GABAB receptor antagonization whereas no significant differences were visible in the Pdgfrα gene expression. No changes in apoptotic cell death were observed. CGP treatment induced a transient maturational delay at P11 and deficits in myelin expression at P15 with increased oligodendroglial proliferation. Our in vivo study indicates GABAB receptor activity as a potential modulator of oligodendroglial development.
Impact of weight loss in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the FLAGSHIP study
Authors: Kamisaka Kenta , Kamiya Kuniyasu , Iwatsu Kotaro , Iritani Naoki , Imoto Shota , Adachi Takuji , Iida Yuki , Yamada Sumio ,   FLAGSHIP collaborators
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsWeight loss (WL) is a poor prognostic factor for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, its prognostic impact on patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unestablished. The evidence regarding the effects of obesity on the prognosis of WL is also unclear. We aimed to identify the risk factors for WL and examine the association between WL and prognosis of HFpEF in obese and non‐obese patients.Methods and resultsIn this multicentre cohort study, the data of 573 patients hospitalized with HFpEF [median age: 78 years (interquartile range, 71–84 years); 49.2% female] were identified from hospital databases. WL was defined as ≥5% weight reduction within 6 months after discharge. Obesity was defined according to Japanese criteria as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. The main study outcomes were all‐cause mortality and HF rehospitalization between 6 and 24 months after hospital discharge. Logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to identify independent the risk factors associated with WL and to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) associated with adverse outcomes. The prevalence of obesity at discharge was 21.1%. At 6 month follow‐up, WL occurred in 17.4% and 10.8% of the obese and non‐obese patients, respectively. Onset of WL in non‐obese patients was associated with prior hospitalization for HF [odds ratio (OR) 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–4.68, P = 0.011] and high levels of brain natriuretic peptide (OR 2.32, CI 1.17–4.60, P = 0.015). In obese patients, WL was associated with the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (OR 3.26, CI 1.08–9.76, P = 0.03) and vasopressin receptor antagonists (OR 6.61, CI 2.03–21.2, P = 0.001). During 1021.3 person‐years of follow‐up, 31 patients died, and upon 1081.0 person‐years follow‐up, 84 patients required rehospitalization for HF. In proportional hazards analysis, WL was associated with all‐cause mortality (HR 5.12, CI 2.08–12.5, P < 0.001) and HF rehospitalization (HR 2.63, CI 1.38–5.01, P = 0.003) after adjustment for confounders in non‐obese patients, but not in obese patients.ConclusionsWeight loss should be considered as an indicator for monitoring worsening of HF condition in non‐obese patients with HFpEF. WL was not associated with adverse events in obese patients with HFpEF, possibly due to appropriate fluid management during follow‐up.
Possible occurrence of Palaeoarchean ferropicrite cumulates and ferrobasalts in the Jojohatu area of North Singhbhum Craton, eastern India: Evidence for a mantle plume source
Authors: Jafri Syed Safi Husain , Dwivedi Sujeet Kumar , Pandey Om Prakash , Tripathi Priyanka , Sarma Drona Srinivasa , Krishna Aradhi Keshav , Ramesh Soday Laxman , Vidyasagar Gandikota 
Published: October 2021

An occurrence of Palaeoarchaean ferropicrite cumulates and ferrobasalts is being reported from the Jojohatu area of the Iron Ore Group (IOG) greenstone belt, which is situated in the northern part of the Singhbhum Craton (eastern India). The ferropicrite cumulates contain serpentine and clinopyroxene as major constituents and spinel, magnetite, and ilmenite as accessories. Their bulk rock chemistry exhibits an extremely high amount of FeOT (19.0–20.8 wt%) and MgO (22.0–23.9 wt%) and quite low Al2O3 (4.5–5.2 wt%) and Na2O + K2O (<1.0 wt%), thus making them as one of the most Fe‐rich ferropicrite cumulates in the world. They are also characterized by high contents of compatible trace elements (Ni: 986–1,470 ppm; Cr: 990–1,256 ppm) and moderate TiO2 (1.5–1.7 wt%), Nb (15–18 ppm), and Zr (82–90 ppm). These cumulates are possibly formed due to accumulation of olivine from the ferrobasaltic melts. In comparison, ferrobasalts consisting of plagioclase, pyroxene, and opaques are alkaline in nature. Some of the plagioclase and pyroxene grains have shown a signature of metasomatic alteration, which resulted into formation of secondary minerals such as epidote, chlorite, and hornblende. They exhibit relatively low contents of FeOT (14.6–18.4 wt%), MgO (8.4–10.8 wt%), Ni (32–122 ppm), and Cr (41–131 ppm) than the ferropicrite cumulates, while TiO2 (2.9–4.1 wt%), Nb (42–61 ppm), and Zr (216–318 ppm) contents are higher. Incompatible elemental patterns and their ratios, as well as Zr/Y versus Nb/Y plot, indicate their ocean island basalts (OIB) affinity and genesis from a hot mantle plume, having mantle potential temperature of about 1,600°C and pressure of 3.5–5 GPa. Considerably low CaO (3.00–7.16 wt%) and FeO/MgO and CaO/MgO systematics indicate that the primary source of the basaltic melt could be pyroxenite. These volcanic occurrences possibly represent remnants of the OIB formed during the Palaeoarchean in the eastern part of the Indian shield.