bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Medicine Training in United States–Based Physiatry Residency Programs
Authors: Annaswamy Thiru M. , Rizzo John-Ross , Schnappinger Amy , Morgenroth David C. , Engkasan Julia Patrick , Ilieva Elena , Arnold W. David , Boninger Michael L. , Bean Allison C. , Cirstea Carmen M. , Dicianno Brad E. , Fredericson Michael , Jayabalan Prakash , Raghavan Preeti , Sawaki Lumy , Suri Pradeep , Suskauer Stacy J. , Wang Qing Mei , Hosseini Maryam , Case Christina M. , Whyte John , Paganoni Sabrina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although the physiatric community increasingly embraces evidence-based medicine (EBM), the current state of EBM training for trainees in physiatry is unclear. The purposes of this article are to report the results of the Association of Academic Physiatrists’ surveys of physiatry residency programs in the United States, to discuss the implications of their findings, and to better delineate the “baseline” upon which sound and clear recommendations for systematic EBM training can be made. The two Association of Academic Physiatrists surveys of US physiatry residency programs reveal that most survey respondents report that they include EBM training in their programs that covers the five recommended steps of EBM core competencies. However, although most respondents reported using traditional pedagogic methods of training such as journal club, very few reported that their EBM training used a structured and systematic approach. Future work is needed to support and facilitate physiatry residency programs interested in adopting structured EBM training curricula that include recommended EBM core competencies and the evaluation of their impact.
Conducting a Scoping Review in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Lew Henry L. , Kahili-Heede Melissa K. , Mashima Pauline , Hou Wen-Hsuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation, there is a continuous need to conduct literature search in advancing evidence-based practice. In addition to the traditional meta-analysis approach, many clinicians have turned their attention to systematic reviews and scoping reviews for research evidence to support clinical practice. In this article, the authors aimed to (1) compare the similarities, differences, pros, and cons between a scoping review, a systematic review, and a meta-analysis and (2) summarize the fundamental stages in conducting a scoping review. Examples of recently published articles relevant to physical medicine and rehabilitation are presented to illustrate the concept and value of scoping reviews.
Discovering the N-terminal Methylome by Repurposing of Proteomic Datasets
Authors: Chen Panyue , Sobreira Tiago Jose Paschoal , Hall Mark C. , Hazbun Tony R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProtein α-N-methylation is an underexplored post-translational modification involving the covalent addition of methyl groups to the free α-amino group at protein N-termini. To systematically explore the extent of α-N-terminal methylation in yeast and humans, we reanalyzed publicly accessible proteomic datasets to identify N-terminal peptides contributing to the α-N-terminal methylome. This repurposing approach found evidence of α-N-methylation of established and novel protein substrates with canonical N-terminal motifs of established α-N-terminal methyltransferases, including human NTMT1/2 and yeast Tae1. NTMT1/2 are implicated in cancer and aging processes but have unclear and context-dependent roles. Moreover, α-N-methylation of non-canonical sequences was surprisingly prevalent, suggesting unappreciated and cryptic methylation events. Analysis of the amino acid frequencies of α-N-methylated peptides revealed a [S]1-[S/A/Q]2pattern in yeast and [A/N/G]1-[A/S/V]2-[A/G]3in humans, which differs from the canonical motif. We delineated the distribution of the two types of prevalent N-terminal modifications, acetylation, and methylation, on amino acids at the 1stposition. We tested three potentially methylated proteins and confirmed the α-N-terminal methylation of Hsp31 by additional proteomic analysis and immunoblotting. The other two proteins, Vma1 and Ssa3, were found to be predominantly acetylated, indicating proteomic searching for α-N-terminal methylation requires careful consideration of mass spectra. This study demonstrates the feasibility of reprocessing proteomic data for global α-N-terminal methylome investigations.The raw MS data that supports the findings of this study were deposited with PRIDE identifier: PXD022833.Abstract FigureGraphical Abstract (For TOC only).
Neural bases of risky decisions involving nicotine vapor versus monetary reward
Authors: Modak Priyamvada , Hutslar Christian , Polk Rebecca , Atkinson Emily , Fisher Lindsey , Macy Jon , Chassin Laurie , Presson Clark , Finn Peter R. , Brown Joshua W 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubstantial effort has gone into neuroimaging studies of neural mechanisms underlying addiction. Human studies of smoking typically either give monetary reward during an fMRI task or else allow subjects to smoke outside the scanner, after the session. This raises a fundamental issue of construct validity, as it is unclear whether the same neural mechanisms process decisions about nicotine that process decisions about money. To address this, we developed a novel MR-compatible nicotine vaping device, such that access to nicotine vapor could be controlled and monitored. We recruited heavy smokers to perform a gambling task with nicotine and monetary reward on separate days. This allowed a direct comparison between the neural mechanisms of choosing and receiving immediate drug vs. monetary reward. We found substantial differences in the neural mechanisms that underlie risky choices about money vs. drug reward, including a reversal of the well-known error effects in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Inter-Subject EEG Correlation Reflects Time-Varying Engagement with Natural Music
Authors: Kaneshiro Blair , Nguyen Duc T. , Norcia Anthony M. , Dmochowski Jacek P. , Berger Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMusical engagement can be conceptualized through various activities, modes of listening, and listener states—among these a state of focused engagement. Recent research has reported that this state can be indexed by the inter-subject correlation (ISC) of EEG responses to a shared naturalistic stimulus. While statistically significant ISC has been reported during music listening, these reports have considered only correlations computed across entire excerpts and do not provide insights into time-varying engagement. Here we present the first EEG-ISC investigation of time-varying engagementwithina musical work. From a sample of 23 adult musicians who listened to a cello concerto movement, we find varying levels of ISC throughout the excerpt. In particular, significant ISC is observed during periods of musical tension that build to climactic highpoints, but not at the highpoints themselves. In addition, we find that a control stimulus retaining envelope characteristics of the intact music, but little other temporal structure, also elicits significant neural correlation, though to a lesser extent than the original excerpt. In all, our findings shed light on temporal dynamics of listener engagement during music listening, establish connections between salient musical events and EEG ISC, and clarify specific listener states that are indexed by this measure.
Evolving the olfactory system with machine learning
Authors: Wang Peter Y. , Sun Yi , Axel Richard , Abbott L.F. , Yang Guangyu Robert 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe convergent evolution of the fly and mouse olfactory system led us to ask whether the anatomic connectivity and functional logic of olfactory circuits would evolve in artificial neural networks trained to perform olfactory tasks. Artificial networks trained to classify odor identity recapitulate the connectivity inherent in the olfactory system. Input units are driven by a single receptor type, and units driven by the same receptor converge to form a glomerulus. Glomeruli exhibit sparse, unstructured connectivity to a larger, expansion layer of Kenyon cells. When trained to both classify odor identity and to impart innate valence onto odors, the network develops independent pathways for identity and valence classification. Thus, the defining features of fly and mouse olfactory systems also evolved in artificial neural networks trained to perform olfactory tasks. This implies that convergent evolution reflects an underlying logic rather than shared developmental principles.
Image processing and genome-wide association studies in sunflower identify loci associated with seed-coat characteristics
Authors: Hasson Hod , Dudhe Mangesh Y. , Mandel Tali , Warschefsky Emily , Rieseberg Loren H. , Hübner Sariel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSunflower seeds (technically achenes) are characterized by a wide spectrum of sizes, shapes, and colors. These traits are genetically correlated with the branching plant architecture loci, which were introgressed into restorer lines to facilitate efficient hybrid production. To break this genetic correlation between branching and seed traits, high resolution mapping of the genes that regulate seed traits is necessary. Recent progress in genomics permits acquisition of comprehensive genotyping data for a large diversity panel, yet a major constraint for exploring the genetic basis of important phenotypes across large diversity panels is the ability to screen and characterize them efficiently. Here, we implement a cost-effective image analysis pipeline to phenotype seed characteristics in a large sunflower diversity panel comprised of 287 individuals that represents most of the genetic variation in cultivated sunflower. A genome-wide association analysis was performed for seed-coat size and shape traits and significant signals were identified around genes regulating phytohormone activity. In addition, significant seed-coat color QTLs were identified and candidate genes that effect pigmentation were detected including a phytomelanin regulating gene on chromosome 17. Finally, QTLs associated with the seed-coat striped pattern were identified and phytohormone regulating candidate genes were detected. The implementation of image analysis phenotyping for GWAS allowed efficient screening of a large diversity panel and identification of valuable genetic factors effecting seed characteristics at the finest resolution to date.
Albumin-binding Aptamer Chimeras for Improved siRNA Bioavailability
Authors: Rosch Jonah C. , Hoogenboezem Ella N. , Sorets Alexander G. , Duvall Craig L. , Lippmann Ethan S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShort interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are potent nucleic acid-based drugs designed to target disease driving genes that may otherwise be undruggable with small molecules. However, the potential of administering therapeutic siRNAin vivois limited by poor pharmacokinetic properties, including rapid renal clearance and nuclease degradation. Nanocarriers have traditionally been explored as means to overcome these challenges, but they have intrinsic downsides such as dose-limiting toxicity and synthetic complexity. Backpacking on natural carriers such as albumin, which is present at high concentration and has a long half-life in serum, is an effective way to modify pharmacokinetics of biologic drugs that otherwise have poor bioavailability. In this work, we sought to develop albumin-binding aptamer-siRNA chimeras to improve the bioavailability of siRNA. We used a Systematic Evolution of Ligands through Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) approach to obtain RNA aptamers with modified bases that bind albumin with high affinity. We then fused the aptamers directly to an siRNA to generate the chimera structure. These aptamer-siRNA chimeras are stable in serum, exhibit potent gene knockdown capabilitiesin vitro, and display extended circulation timein vivo. We suggest that this albumin-binding aptamersiRNA chimera approach is a promising strategy for drug delivery applications.
Characterization of European cities’ climate shift – an exploratory study based on climate analogues
Authors: Rohat Guillaume , Goyette Stéphane , Flacke Johannes 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Climate analogues have been extensively used in ecological studies to assess the shift of ecoregions due to climate change and the associated impacts on species survival and displacement, but they have hardly been applied to urban areas and their climate shift. This paper aims to use climate analogues to characterize the climate shift of cities and to explore its implications as well as potential applications of this approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a methodology to match the current climate of cities with the future climate of other locations and to characterize cities’ climate shift velocity. Employing a sample of 90 European cities, the authors demonstrate the applicability of this method and characterize their climate shift from 1951 to 2100.

Findings
Results show that cities’ climate shift follows rather strictly north-to-south transects over the European continent and that the average southward velocity is expected to double throughout the twenty-first century. These rapid shifts will have direct implications for urban infrastructure, risk management and public health services.

Originality/value
These findings appear to be potentially useful for raising awareness of stakeholders and urban dwellers about the pace, magnitude and dynamics of climate change, supporting identification of the future climate impacts and vulnerabilities and implementation of readily available adaptation options, and strengthening cities’ cooperation within climate-related networks.
Using microseismic events to improve the accuracy of sensor orientation for downhole microseismic monitoring
Authors: Huo Yuanhang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jie , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTEvent locations are essential for microseismic monitoring endeavours to map hydraulic fractures. For downhole monitoring, the event back‐azimuthal angle, which is commonly evaluated as the average of the P‐wave polarization angle at each sensor, is necessary to project the 2D location in the vertical plane determined by the traveltime information to the 3D space. The accuracy of the P‐wave polarization angle at each sensor depends on the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the waveforms, as well as relies on the accuracy of the sensor orientation. The conventional approaches of the sensor orientation require an event with known back‐azimuth angle, such as surface orientation shots, perforation shots, ball‐drop events or teleseismic events. In terms of availability, the signals of the perforation shots or ball‐drop events are the most widely used information. But they are usually characterized by a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. We propose a new method to incorporate high‐signal‐to‐noise ratio microseismic events with unknown back‐azimuth angles into the sensor orientation process. It can significantly improve the accuracy of the relative orientation angles among all of the sensors, and also improve the accuracy of the absolute orientation angles by linking the relative orientation angles to the sensors with the high‐signal‐to‐noise ratio waveforms of the perforation shots or ball‐drop events. We use both synthetic and field data to test the feasibility and reliability of the new method. The results reveal that the new method can reduce the uncertainty of the orientation angle and improve the accuracy of the microseismic location, compared with the conventional approach when utilizing a perforation shot or ball‐drop event alone.
Mitigating agency costs in the housing market
Authors: Turnbull Geoffrey K. , Waller Bennie D. , Wentland Scott A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate two mechanisms that plausibly curtail agency costs in the homeowner‐listing agent relationship. Empirically, we find that differences in compensation structures across brokers effectively mitigate agency costs, while additional training associated with licensure made little, if any, difference. The evidence is consistent with managers/partners of a brokerage (principal brokers) having stronger incentives to internalize potential reputational spillovers for their brokerage offices. For identification, we exploit the timing of brokers’ incentives changing using a difference‐in‐differences (within agent) approach. Further, in a triple‐difference specification that leverages a setting where local reputational incentives are most instrumental, we find the clearest evidence of agency cost mitigation among principal brokers of non‐franchise, locally owned brokerages.
Application of team‐based learning for teaching food analysis
Authors: Castro Luis F. , Peuker Steffen , Mott Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFood analysis courses introduce the theory and application of analytical procedures to characterize foods and their ingredients. Students learn the principles behind analytical techniques commonly used to analyze foods in the industry and evaluate their suitability for the analysis of specific food products. Food analysis courses have traditionally been taught in a lecture‐based format. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing team‐based learning (TBL), an established collaborative learning technique, in an undergraduate food analysis course to enhance student learning. Post‐course student surveys, quizzes, and exam scores were used to assess the effectiveness of the TBL implementation. TBL uses pre‐reading assignments, individual and team quizzes, and problem solving in teams to create an active learning environment in the classroom that increases student engagement and long‐term learning. The results from surveys, quizzes, and exam scores from the Food Analysis course show a successful implementation in the classroom: no significant difference in the average midterm exam scores was observed between the TBL and lecture formats (p ≤ 0.05), indicating that TBL maintained performance on midterm exams, students reported being engaged in the course, and the deliberately designed group work encouraged students to prepare for class and participate in the activities. The students also reported that they were able to recall information better, and that the effectiveness of TBL activities helped them strengthen concepts. In conclusion, the results suggest that TBL is beneficial for students in food analysis, and that implementation in additional food science courses could help improve student learning.
Diagnostic tools used for melanoma: A survey of Australian general practitioners and dermatologists
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer , Ting Sarajane , Paul Eldho , Smith Andrea L , Watts Caroline G , Kelly John , Cust Anne E , Mar Victoria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveDiagnostic tools such as dermoscopy, sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI), total body photography (TBP) and automated diagnostic tools are available to assist in early melanoma diagnosis. The use, accessibility and barriers of dermoscopy have been well studied; however, there are few similar studies regarding SDDI, TBP and automated diagnostic tools. We aim to understand the use of these diagnostic aids amongst Australian general practitioners (GPs) and dermatologists.MethodsBetween June 2019 and January 2020, GPs and dermatologists across Australia were invited to participate in an online survey. Surveys were distributed through GP and dermatology organisations.ResultsA total of 227 survey responses were received, 175 from GPs and 52 from dermatologists. Amongst GPs, 44.6% worked in a skin cancer clinic. Dermoscopy was used at least occasionally by 98.9% of all GPs. SDDI was used by 93.6% of skin cancer GPs, 80.8% of dermatologists and 45.3% of generalist GPs. TBP was used or recommended by 77.1% of generalist GPs, 82.3% of skin cancer GPs and 86.5% of dermatologists. The most common barriers to the use of TBP were cost, limited accessibility, poor patient compliance, and time required for both patients and doctors. Very few clinicians reported using automated diagnostic tools. There was an interest in future diagnostic aids for melanoma in 88% of GPs and dermatologists.ConclusionDermoscopy, SDDI and TBP were commonly used by responding Australian skin cancer GPs and dermatologists in this survey. Automated diagnostic tools were not reported to be used routinely. Several barriers were identified for use of TBP.
Pattern and burden of opioid‐related hospitalizations in the USA from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Bedi Prabhjot , Rai Manoj P. , Bumrah Karandeep , Singh Vikas K. , Arora Tanureet K. , Singh Tanveer 
Published: April 2021

AimsThe current opioid crisis in the USA is a formidable challenge for the healthcare system, and the general population. Our objective is to characterize the burden of opioid‐related disorders in an inpatient setting in the USA for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS).MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of the NIS was performed to identify and analyse hospitalizations with an opioid‐related diagnosis in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Descriptive statistics and regression models were utilized to define the demographics of the population of interest and measure the outcomes.ResultsWe identified 962 900 discharges with opioid‐related diagnosis in 2016, 982 710 in 2017 and 942 110 in 2018. The majority were age <60 years, were found in residents of low‐income zip codes and covered by Medicaid. The adjusted mean total hospitalization cost trended up from $12 828 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12 547–13 108) in 2016, to $13164.9 (95% CI 12 872.47–13 457.34) in 2017 and then to $13 626.65 (95% CI 13 325.95–13 927.34) in 2018. The adjusted mortality was highest in 2016; 2.26% (95% CI 2.16–2.35) and it trended down to 1.97% (95% CI 1.88–2.05) in 2017, and to 1.89% (95% CI 1.81–1.98) in 2018.ConclusionsOpioid‐related disorders cause a significant number of hospitalizations in the USA. A large proportion of these patients are age <60 years, have lower household income, and are covered by Medicaid. Programmes directed towards this specific group can help reduce the overall burden of hospitalizations.
Exploring history in the social ecology of care leaving: Northern Ireland as illustration
Authors: Pinkerton John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to promote thinking about care leave leaving from a historical perspective. It suggests that Bronfenbrenner's social ecological modelling of human development provides a promising conceptual framework for doing that. It not only provides a micro to macro layered systemic perspective but also draws attention to the ‘chronosystem’, covering both biographical and historical changes. The potential use of the historical dimension to Bronfenbrenner's modelling will be illustrated by considering the development of care leaving within Northern Ireland over a 50‐year period (1968–2018). Reflecting the historical trajectory of recent political conflict in this UK jurisdiction, the dynamics of the chronosystem of care leaving within two periods will be described and discussed: the ‘Troubles’ (1968–1998) and ‘Post Conflict’ (1998–2018). It will be concluded that there is a need for further work of this type because acknowledging history in this way as part of social ecology provides a deeper understanding of the systemic dynamics of care leaving.