bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Children's Kidney Diseases—2403 Renal Biopsy-proven Cases from a Single Centre in China between 1999 and 2019
Authors: Jiang Li-Jun , Zhao Xue , Dou Zhi-Yan , Rong Zan-Hua , Yang Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics and the profile of and temporal changes in glomerular diseases in 2403 paediatric renal biopsies from 1999 to 2019.Methods: Renal biopsies performed on children aged ≤18 years between 1999 and 2019 were analysed at our centre. We analysed the clinical and histological characteristics, distribution of paediatric renal diseases with various clinical presentations, and changes in the pattern of kidney disease during the study period.Results: The most common primary glomerular disease was IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (24.3%), followed by minimal change disease (MCD) (15.3%) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MN) (13.1%). Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) (18.1%) and lupus nephritis (LN) (7.2%) were the most frequently recorded secondary glomerular diseases. Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) were the most common inherited glomerular diseases, accounting for 1.2% and 0.6% of the total glomerular diseases in children, respectively. The number of boys with IgAN, MCD and IgM nephropathy (IgMN) was significantly higher than that of girls, while the number of girls with MN and LN was significantly higher than that of boys. The frequencies of MCD, MN, IgMN and endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (EnPGN) in the 13-18-year-old group were significantly higher than those in the 0-12-year-old group, while the frequencies of IgAN, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (FPGN) were lower than those in the 0-12-year-old group. The ratio of Alport syndrome and TBMN in the 0-12-year-old group was significantly higher than that in the 13-18-year-old group. The proportion of patients with MCD and MN in 2010-2019 was significantly higher than that in 1999-2009, while the ratio of IgAN, MsPGN, IgMN, EnPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), HSPN and HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) decreased. MCD (28.5%) was the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS). In children with haematuria and proteinuria, HSPN (38.8%) and IgAN (36.9%) were more common than other glomerular diseases. IgAN (39.4%) was the most common cause of AKI. Sclerosing glomerulonephritis (SGN) (21.1%) was the main cause of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD).Conclusions: Glomerular diseases in children were related to sex and age. From 1999 to 2019, the spectrum of children's kidney disease in our centre changed significantly.
Clinician Acceptance of Complex Clinical Decision Support Systems for Treatment Allocation of Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.
Authors: Jansen-Kosterink Stephanie , Velsen Lex van , Cabrita Miriam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The uptake of complex clinical decision support systems (CDSS) in daily practice remains low, despite the proven potential to reduce medical errors and to improve the quality of care. To improve successful implementation of a complex CDSS service, the aim of this study is to identify the factors that hinder or alleviate the acceptance of clinicians toward the use of a complex CDSS for treatment allocation of patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: We tested a research model in which the intention to use a CDSS by clinicians is influenced by the perceived usefulness; this usefulness, on its turn is influenced by the perceived service benefits and perceived service risks. An online survey was created to test our research model and the data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study population consisted of clinicians. The online questionnaire started with demographic questions and continued with an animation of the CDSS followed by the set of measurement items. The online questionnaire ended with two open questions enquiring the reasons to use, and not to use, a complex CDSS.Results: Ninety-eight participants (46% general practitioners, 25% primary care physical therapists, and 29% clinicians at a rehabilitation centre) fully completed the questionnaire. Fifty-two percent of the respondents were male. The average age was 48 years (SD±12.2). The causal model suggests that perceived usefulness is the main factor contributing to the intention to use a complex CDSS. Perceived service benefits and risks are both significant antecedents of perceived usefulness and Perceived service risks are affected by the perceived threat to autonomy and trusting beliefs, particularly benevolence and competence.Conclusions: To improve the acceptance of complex CDSSs it is important to address the risks, but the main focus during the implementation phase should be on the expected improvements in patient outcomes and the overall gain for clinicians. Our results will help the developers of complex CDSSs to develop a CDSS that fits more into the daily clinical practice of clinicians.
Serum lipidomics as diagnostic potential for metabolic-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lewinska Monika , Santos-Laso Alvaro , Arrretxe Enara , Alonso Cristina , Jimenez-Aguero Raul , Eizaguirre Emma , Pareja María , Romero-Gomez Manuel , Arrese Marco , Suppli Malte , Knop Filip , Oversoe Stine , Villadsen Gerda , Decaens Thomas , Carrilho Flair , Oliveira Claudia , Sangro Bruno , Macias Rocio , Banales Jesus , Andersen Jesper 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is affecting more people globally. Indeed, MAFLD is associated with a spectrum of metabolic dysfunctions that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (MAFLD-HCC). This development can occur in a non-cirrhotic liver and thus, often lack clinical surveillance. Using comprehensive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry, we investigated 1,295 metabolites in serum from 249 Caucasian liver patients. Here we show that MAFLD-HCC is characterized by a complete rearrangement of the serum lipidome which distinguishes MAFLD-HCC from other HCC patients. We used machine learning to build a diagnostic model for MAFLD to MAFLD-HCC. We quantified predictive metabolites and adjusted the model into the MAFLD-HCC Diagnostic Score, presenting superior diagnostic potential compared to current alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The metabolic landscape shows a progressive depletion in unsaturated fatty acids and acylcarnitines during transformation. Therefore, serum metabolomics may provide valuable insight to monitor patients at risk, including morbidly obese, diabetics, and MAFLD patients.
Impact of Second Forward-view Examination of the Right side of the Colon on Polyp and Adenoma Detection during Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shan Keshu , Lu Hongpeng , Zhang Zhixin , Xie Jiarong , Xu Lu , Wang Weihong , Xu Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Colorectal cancer in the right side of the colon is supposed to harder to detect by colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a second forward-view examination of the right side of the colon could increase adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR).Methods: This was a single-centre randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were recruited and randomly assigned to the second forward-view examination (SFE) group, in which the right side of the colon was examined twice and a traditional colonoscopy (TC) group in which the colonoscopy was performed in a standard manner. The primary outcomes were the proximal PDR and ADR. The overall PDR and ADR, and advanced lesion detection rate were also recorded and compared..Results: A total of 392 patients were included in the study (SFE group 197 vs. TC group 195). The proximal PDR and ADR in the SFE group were significantly higher than those in the TC group (PDR 17.8% vs. 9.7%, P =0.021; ADR 14.2% vs.7.2%, P =0.024). No significant difference was found for overall PDR/ADR, or advanced lesion detection rate between the two groups. Conclusions: This prospective study revealed that a second forward-view examination of the right side of the colon could result in a modest improvement in proximal ADR and PDR. This simple and time-effective technique might be recommended for routine colonoscopy. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03619122. Registered on 7/8/2018.
De Novo Design of a Nanopore for DNA Detection that Incorporates a β-Hairpin Peptide
Authors: Shimizu Keisuke , Mijiddorj Batsaikhan , Usami Masataka , Yoshida Shuhei , Akayama Shiori , Hamada Yoshio , Ohyama Akifumi , Usui Kenji , Kawamura Izuru , Kawano Ryuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The amino acid sequence of a protein encodes information on its three-dimensional structure and specific functionality. De novo protein design has emerged as a method to manipulate the primary structure for the development of artificial proteins and peptides with desired functionality. This paper describes the de novo design of a pore-forming peptide that has a β-hairpin structure and assembles to form a stable nanopore in a bilayer lipid membrane. This large synthetic nanopore is an entirely artificial device with practical applications. This peptide, named SV28, forms nanopore structures ranging from 1.6 to 6.2 nm in diameter assembled from 7 to 18 monomers. The nanopore formed with a diameter of 5 nm is able to detect long double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with 1 kbp length. Moreover, the larger sized nanopore can discriminate and human telomeric DNA (G-quadruplex, G4). The blocking current signals allowed us to investigate the translocation behavior of dsDNA or G4 structure at the single molecule level. Such de novo design of peptide sequences has the potential to create novel nanopores, which would be applicable in molecular transporter between across lipid membrane.
Divergent Patterns of Confrontation With Death Using the Anticipated Farewell to Existence Questionnaire (AFEQT): Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Four Samples With Increasing Proximity to Death.
Authors: Valdés-Stauber Juan , Stabenow Ursula , Böttinger Jakob , Kramer Sarah , Kilian Reinhold 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Based on the concept of “Daseinsverabschiedung”, an anthropological theory of “Anticipated Farewell to Existence” (AFE) was suggested on the basis of six grounding dimensions (“derived in AFE”): selfhood (“expiration of the time of existence”), interpersonality (“altruistic preoccupation”), temporality (“struggle for acceptance”), corporeality (“wounded physical integrity”), worldliness (“reconciliation with own existence”), and transcendence (“self-transcendence”). The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent to which the relevance of these anthropological dimensions differs between people in different stages of life, especially those facing their own death.Methods: The sample (N=485) consists of dying individuals in palliative wards and hospices (n=121); old people living in nursing homes not suffering from a mortal disease (n=62); young adults (n=152), and middle-aged adults (n=150). The relevance of anticipated farewell to existence was measured by means of the “Anticipated Farewell to Existence Questionnaire” (AFEQT). Further assessment tools: Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), Life Attitude Profile (LAP-R), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology (PO-Bado). The internal consistency of the AFEQT was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and convergent validity by means of dimensions of LAP-R. Differences in the relevance of the AFEQT dimensions among stages of life were estimated by means of multiple regression models.Results: According to Cronbach’s alpha, the internal consistency of the AFEQT subscales was sufficient for the whole sample. Convergent validity with dimensions of LAP-R was found for young and middle-aged participants. Dying people scored significantly higher for most of the dimensions than young and middle-aged as well as elderly people. Personality traits of “oenness” and “agreeableness” are positively associated with the extent of assessed dimensions of AFEQT.Conclusions: Anthropological reflections on the structure of human beings, which is activated or actualized in a special way in the face of death, can provide a framework for practice facing a humanization of medicine at the end of life, considering real experiences, possible needs, and underlying human conditions when facing end of life. The dimensions proposed can be taken into account in a sensitive way by supporting dialogues with dying people and their relatives.Trial registration: observational study.
An exploration of the association between fuel subsidies and
fuel riots
Authors: McCulloch Neil , Natalini Davide , Hossain Naomi , Justino Patricia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fuel riots are common around the world. Between 2005 and 2018, 41 countries had at least one riot directly associated with popular demand for fuel. We make use of a new international dataset on fuel riots to explore the effects of fuel prices and price regimes on fuel riots. In line with prior expectations, we find that large
domestic fuel price shocks are a key driver of riots - as these are often linked to international price shocks. In addition, we report a novel result: fuel riots are closely associated with domestic price regimes. Countries that maintain fixed price regimes - notably net energy exporters - tend to have large fuel subsidies. When such subsidies become unsustainable, domestic price adjustments are large, often leading to riots.
A Qualitative Study on Experiences of HIV&nbsp;Vaccine Trial Participants in a Phase I/II&nbsp;Double Blinded, Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial in Tanzania: Lessons for COVID-19 Vaccine Testing
Authors: Sanga Erica , Wyk Brian Van , Maboko Leonard , Shamu Simukai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: HIV remains a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. More than half (54.5%) of all people living with HIV live in Eastern and Southern Africa where 700,000 new infections were reported in 2019. There is no HIV vaccine or cure available yet despite ongoing research to develop one. Uptake of vaccines, when these become available, is critical for its successful introduction in the global society. It is imperative to describe the knowledge, expectations, perceptions and experiences of the vaccines trial participants, as these may be indicative of future vaccine uptake, and may give lessons for COVID-19 vaccine development. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to describe the experiences of volunteers who participated in the first HIV vaccine trial in Mbeya, Tanzania. A purposive sample of 20 of the 60 trial participants was interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and subjected to thematic-content analysis.Results: The study showed that trial participation was driven by positive expectations related to health and the realization of the need for an effective vaccine to combat HIV. However fear, concerns and worries about the safety of the trial vaccine were the frequently reported challenges to participation. Not only participants but also the significant others and community play an important role in the trial participation.Conclusions: The success of a trial depends on direct and indirect participation in trials. Future trials, COVID-19 vaccine trials included, must promote positive expectations for trial participation and address fears and concerns related to vaccine safety.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Symptomatic Myocardial Ischemia After Posterior Decompressive Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Disorders
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Zhang Sisheng , Liu Yang , Hu Haiyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the incidence of symptomatic myocardial ischemia (PSMI) after posterior decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar disorders and identify its risk factors. Methods: 256 patients who underwent the posterior decompressive surgery and were discharged from the hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were enrolled in this study, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into two groups by the occurrence of PSMI: the PSMI group and the N-PSMI group. Three sets of factors were analyzed to investigate potential risk factors for PSMI. Patient characteristics included age, gender, body mass index, smoking, drinking, venous thrombosis of lower extremities, comorbidities, visual analog scale, hemoglobin, electrolytes. Preoperative cardiac functional variables included electrocardiogram, ventricular ejection fraction, history of ischemic attack, previous cardiac surgery. Perioperative variables included surgical strategy, surgery time, blood loss, intraoperative aortic injury, intraoperative maximum heart rate, arterial blood pressure, postoperative temperature, daily liquid intake and output volume, electrolytes glucose, drug allergy, and postoperative visual analog scale. Univariate analyses followed by the multivariate logistic regression model were employed to identify the risk factors for PSMI. Results: PSMI was developed in 23 of 256 patients (8.9%) before discharge. Univariate analyses revealed that patients with onset of PSMI were older, more likely to have undergone cardiac surgery, with less daily liquid intake volume, and less intravenous infusion (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age > 52 years, heart rate > 81 Bpm, daily liquid intake < 2140 mL, and cardiac surgery history were independently associated with PSMI after posterior decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar disorders.Conclusions: The incidence of PSMI after posterior decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar disorders was 8.9%; senior, fast heart rate, insufficient daily liquid intake, and cardiac surgery history are potential risk factors and should be carefully evaluated before an operation.
A COVID-19 Spread Model of the Discrete Grid to Assess the Potential of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions
Authors: Cao Wen , Dai Haoran , Tong Xiaochong , Zhu Jingwen , Tian Yuzhen , Peng Feilin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 posed a serious threat to human health, economic development, and social stability worldwide, and many countries had taken different interventions to control the deterioration of the epidemic. Although many studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions, there were few reasonable explanations for the practical geographic significance of the model parameters. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of different interventions to mitigate the spread of the epidemic, including discussion about the different time and intensity of implementation, and map parameters of model to the practical application meanings of the special interventions.Methods: In this study, a COVID-19 spread model based on the discrete grid was proposed from perspective of geography. A multi-level grid was introduced to describe the quarantine status and intensity in different spaces, which also combined with the model of medical reception-cured and self-protection, and the spatiotemporal evolution process of early COVID-19 spread was simulated based on the spatial correlation, finally, the effect of interventions was quantitatively analyzed by the dynamic transmission model of COVID-19.Results: Quarantine measure were the most effective interventions, which could effectively reduce the peak value of infection, advance the arrival time of the peak, and shorten the duration of the epidemic, but it only played a role under sufficient intensity; the medical reception-cured and self-protection measure could effectively fatten the infection curve and slowed the spread of the epidemic in the early stage, which could provide more buffer time for the relevant government departments, but the practical effect was not obvious because of the limitation of actually invested resources. The role of the medical reception-cured measure was more reflected in the reduction of the number of deaths, and the effect of the self-protection measure could be reduced in strict quarantine measure.Conclusions: Results of the study indicated that the quarantine, medical reception-cured and self-protection measures were effective, and mitigating the spread of COVID-19 by achieving strong interventions was necessary. Strict quarantine should be implementing as soon as possible in countries with serious development of COVID-19.
Serum urate and lung cancer: a cohort study and Mendelian randomization using UK Biobank
Authors: Horsfall Laura J , Hall Ian P , Nazareth Irwin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Serum urate is the most abundant small molecule with antioxidant properties found in blood and the epithelial lining fluid of the respiratory system. Moderately raised serum urate is associated with lower rates of lung cancer and COPD in smokers but whether these relationships reflect antioxidant properties or residual confounding is unknown.
Methods

We investigated the observational and potentially causal associations between serum urate and lung cancer incidence using one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and the UK Biobank resource. We instrumented serum urate level using genetic variants that explain ~ 5% of population-level variability. Incident lung cancer events were identified from national cancer registries. Observational and genetically instrumented incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and risk differences per 10,000 person-years (PYs) by smoking status were estimated.
Results

The analysis included 359,192 participants and 1,924 lung cancer events. The relationships between observed urate levels and lung cancer were generally U-shaped but varied by sex at birth with the strongest associations in current smoking men. After adjustment for confounding variables, current smoking men with low serum urate (100 µmol/L) had the highest predicted lung cancer incidence at 125/10,000PY (95%CI: 56–170/10,000PY) compared with 45/10,000PY (95%CI: 38–47/10,000PY) for those with the median level (300 µmol/L). The associations were weaker for women.
Conclusions

We found no strong evidence to support a causal association between genetically predicted serum urate and lung cancer or FEV1. Although low serum urate levels might be useful for identifying male smokers at highest risk, we found no evidence that urate is a modifiable risk factor for lung cancer.