bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and microbial modulation of phenolic compounds from raspberry leaf extract under in vitro digestion and fermentation
Authors: Yang Jing , Hao Yuxin , Li Nana , Wang Chunyu , Liu Yongping 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRaspberry leaves, by‐products in raspberry production, are also a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. In this study, the changes of phenolic compounds in raspberries leaf extract (RLE) under in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation were further studied by HPLC‐MS analysis and 16S rRNA. The results showed that the phenolic compounds in RLE were relatively stable during in vitro gastric digestion; however, in the subsequent intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation, their content decreased sharply. A large amount of hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, hydroxyphenylacetic acid and urolithins were produced under the action of gut microbiota. Moreover, compared with corresponding control, RLE significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in all volunteers, increased the relative abundances of some beneficial bacteria, Enterococcus, Prevotella, and decreased the relative abundances of potential pathogens, Clostridium and Faecalibacterium. These findings suggest that RLE during in vitro digestion and fermentation has positive effects on gut microbiota and potential value of maintaining intestinal health.
‘You've Been Framed’: A critical review of academic discourse on philanthrocapitalism
Authors: Haydon Steph , Jung Tobias , Russell Shona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhilanthrocapitalism—the strategic application of market methods and motives for philanthropic purposes—plays increasingly prominent roles in policy design and implementation at national and international levels. Notwithstanding philanthrocapitalism's growing significance, relevant scholarly discourse remains limited and fragmented. Drawing together diverse debates, our paper systematically reviews and synthesizes academic literature on philanthrocapitalism. Alongside raising questions about the casting and practice of philanthropy, the 186 relevant publications included in our review indicate a strong emphasis of philanthrocapitalism in the areas of education, international development, healthcare and agriculture. Across these, we identify and discuss the importance of three cultural frames: (1) development challenges being framed as scientific problems; (2) beneficiaries being framed as productive entrepreneurs; and (3) philanthropy being framed as social investment. Outlining and critically examining these issues, this work contributes: a comprehensive analysis of key debates and issues; strengthened conceptual clarity and nuance through an evaluative exploration of the multiple interpretations of philanthrocapitalism; and a future research agenda to address persisting knowledge gaps and refine focus.
The Doctrine of Divine Simplicity in T.F. Torrance’s Theology
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines whether T.F. Torrance’s theology can uphold the doctrine of divine simplicity, in a manner consistent with his accounts of the ascension of Jesus, God’s eternity and divine im/passibility. This article indicates that Torrance’s doctrine of simplicity does not fully accord with the traditional one that does not allow for any form of introduction of composites and any historical contingencies into the Being of God. On Torrance’s account, God embraces created temporality and carnality into his eternal Being through Jesus Christ, but that does not undercut the significance of the divine indissoluble oneness by virtue of a christological and trinitarian notion of space. For Torrance, the one God embraces the creaturely others in his infinite, indivisible and comprehensive oneness.
Balancing inclusion and exclusion among Somali migrants in Germany
Authors: Hoehne Markus Virgil , Scharrer Tabea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe discuss the balancing acts of inclusion and exclusion by analysing how Somali migrants in Germany attempt to manoeuvre between various norms, individual interests and various social networks. Building on Glick Schiller and Caglar (2016), whose work on urban sociabilities emphasizes social relations in which people act as equals, we argue that ethnic (self‐)identification is important as it serves as a basis for boundary‐making and for bonding within and bridging and linking between groups. Thus, a focus on sociability and ethnic identification (as a category of praxis) can, in some cases, go hand in hand. Moreover, we argue that inclusion into local Somali communities, which is often discussed in public discourse as leading to exclusion from German society, helps to establish connections. Simultaneously, exclusion through racism can lead to (self‐)isolation of Somalis, but also places pressure on younger Somalis in particular to forge alliances with non‐Somali Germans to stabilize their situation. Balancing social inclusion and exclusion among Somali migrants in Germany therefore can have ambiguous and at times paradoxical outcomes.
Changes in characteristics and case‐severity in patients hospitalised with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection between two epidemic waves—England, 2009–2010
Authors: Plumb Ian D. , Harris Ross , Green Helen K. , Ellis Joanna , Baisley Kathy , Pebody Richard G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring 2009‐2010, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus (pH1N1) infections in England occurred in two epidemic waves. Reasons for a reported increase in case‐severity during the second wave are unclear.MethodsWe analysed hospital‐based surveillance for patients with pH1N1 infections in England during 2009‐2010 and linked national data sets to estimate ethnicity, socio‐economic status and death within 28 days of admission. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess whether changes in demographic, clinical and management characteristics of patients could explain an increase in ICU admission or death, and accounted for missing values using multiple imputation.ResultsDuring the first wave, 54/960 (6%) hospitalised patients required intensive care and 21/960 (2%) died; during the second wave 143/1420 (10%) required intensive care and 55/1420 (4%) died. In a multivariable model, during the second wave patients were less likely to be from an ethnic minority (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26‐0.42), have an elevated deprivation score (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68‐0.83), have known comorbidity (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63‐0.97) or receive antiviral therapy ≤2 days before onset (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56‐0.92). Increased case‐severity during the second wave was not explained by changes in demographic, clinical or management characteristics.ConclusionsMonitoring changes in patient characteristics could help target interventions during multiple waves of COVID‐19 or a future influenza pandemic. To understand and respond to changes in case‐severity, surveillance is needed that includes additional factors such as admission thresholds and seasonal coinfections.
Changes of fibrinolytic system in thrombolytic resuscitation of pulmonary thromboembolism‐induced cardiac arrest model
Authors: Tong Nan , Li Chunsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore the changes in the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in an animal model with pulmonary embolism after cardiopulmonary bypass and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice. An animal model of cardiac arrest due to pulmonary embolism was established for venous thrombus (10‐15 mL) in the left external jugular vein of 21 pigs. Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary arteriography was performed after the recovery of the underlying state, cardiac arrest state and spontaneous circulation, and then thrombolysis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [t‐PA] 50 mg) were performed immediately. The changes of tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), t‐PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) in the blood were detected by ELISA. The blood samples were collected immediately, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after the recovery of spontaneous circulation. Data from animals that were successfully resuscitated at different time points were compared using a repeated measures one‐way analysis of variance. Seventeen pigs had cardiac arrest after 10 to 15 mL of thrombus injection, and the other four had cardiac arrest after 5 to 8 mL of additional thrombus. Nine pigs survived 6 hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CT pulmonary angiogram showed pulmonary artery obstruction. TF levels were increased compared with basal status, but there was no statistical difference (P > .05). TFPI levels were higher at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after recovery of spontaneous circulation compared with basal state (P < .05); t‐PA levels were higher at cardiac arrest, and immediately after recovery of spontaneous circulation compared with basal state. There was a statistical difference in PAI‐1 level at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after recovery of spontaneous circulation (P < .05). There was no statistical difference in PAI‐1 level at each stage compared with basal state (P > .05). TFPI has a certain influence on the coagulation and thrombosis regulation of the body, and the increase in fibrinolytic activity has a positive promoting effect on the thrombolysis. It provided the theoretical basis of clinical treatment of thrombotic diseases.
A multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial evaluating the effects of a novel autologous, heterogeneous skin construct in the treatment of Wagner one diabetic foot ulcers: Interim analysis
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Galiano Robert , Glat Paul M. , Didomenico Lawrence , Reyzelman Alexander , Snyder Robert , Li William W. , Carter Marissa , Zelen Charles M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe desired to carefully evaluate a novel autologous heterogeneous skin construct in a prospective randomised clinical trial comparing this to a standard‐of‐care treatment in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This study reports the interim analysis after the first half of the subjects have been analysed. Fifty patients (25 per group) with Wagner 1 ulcers were enrolled at 13 wound centres in the United States. Twenty‐three subjects underwent the autologous heterogeneous skin construct harvest and application procedure once; two subjects required two applications due to loss of the first application. The primary endpoint was the proportion of wounds closed at 12 weeks. There were significantly more wounds closed in the treatment group (18/25; 72%) vs controls (8/25; 32%) at 12 weeks. The treatment group achieved significantly greater percent area reduction compared to the control group at every prespecified timepoint of 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Thirty‐eight adverse events occurred in 11 subjects (44%) in the treatment group vs 48 in 14 controls (56%), 6 of which required study removal. In the treatment group, there were no serious adverse events related to the index ulcer. Two adverse events (index ulcer cellulitis and bleeding) were possibly related to the autologous heterogeneous skin construct. Data from this planned interim analysis support that application of autologous heterogeneous skin construct may be potentially effective therapy for DFUs and provide supportive data to complete the planned study.
Cold sintering of diatomaceous earth
Authors: Galotta Anna , Giust Enrico , Bortolotti Mauro , Sorarù Gian D. , Sglavo Vincenzo M. , Biesuz Mattia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiatomite, a natural silicate‐based sedimentary rock, was densified by cold sintering at room temperature and 150°C under various pressures (100, 200, and 300 MPa) and using different NaOH water solutions (0–3 M). The relative density of cold sintered diatomite can be as high as 90%, a condition that can be achieved by conventional firing only at 1200–1300°C. The cold sintered materials maintain the same mineralogical composition of the starting powder (quartz, glass, and illite) and are constituted by well‐deformed and flattened grains oriented orthogonally to the applied pressure. Conversely, an evident phase evolution takes place upon conventional firing with the formation of cristobalite and mullite. The bending strength of cold sintered artifacts can exceed 40 MPa and increases to ≈80 MPa after post‐annealing at 800°C, such mechanical strength is much larger than that of conventionally pressed samples sintered at 800°C, which is only ≈1 MPa.
Decision aids for prenatal testing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Lin , Yang Shu , Zhang Chunmiao , Guo Pingping , Zhang Xuehui , Xu Mengmeng , Tian Qi , Cui Xuan , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo analyse the effect of decision aids (DAs) used by pregnant women on prenatal testing decisions.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data resourcesWe searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Library ending October 2020.Review methodsPapers were selected for analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The meta‐analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook. The result is knowledge, decision conflict, anxiety and other secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Comprehensive analysis showed that DAs could significantly improve knowledge and decision‐making satisfaction, reduce decision conflict, increase the proportion of women who make informed choice and had no influence on anxiety and decision regret.ConclusionsThis article systematically reviewed the positive effect of DAs on the decision‐making of pregnant women facing prenatal testing. In the future, nurses should be encouraged to develop DAs in accordance with strict standards and apply them to pregnant women of different backgrounds.ImpactThere is a growing consensus that health care should be patient‐centred, and the values and preferences of pregnant women who undergo prenatal testing need to be incorporated into the clinical decision‐making process. This review reports that the use of DAs can increase pregnant women's chances of participating in prenatal testing decisions and may improve the quality of their decision‐making. It also provides information on the role and practice of nurses in promoting evidence‐based prenatal testing for DAs.
Validation study to determine the accuracy of central blood pressure measurement using the SphygmoCor XCEL cuff device in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: De la Torre Hernández Jose M. , Veiga Fernandez Gabriela , Brown Jonathan , Sainz Laso Fermin , Lee Dae‐Hyun , Fradejas Victor , Garcia Camarero Tamara , Elmariah Sammy , Inglessis Ignacio , Zueco Javier , Vazquez de Prada Jose A. , Ben‐Assa Eyal , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCentral aortic blood pressure could be helpful in the evaluation of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The SphygmoCor XCEL device estimates central blood pressure (BP) measurement with its easy‐to‐use, operator‐independent procedure. However, this device has not been properly validated against invasive measurement in patients with severe AS. We evaluated the relationship between cuff‐brachial BP, transfer function‐estimated and invasively measured central aortic pressure in patients with severe AS before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Agreement between techniques was analyzed and, according to the ARTERY Society recommendations, the minimum acceptable error was a mean difference ± SD ≤5 ± ≤8 mm Hg. A total of 94 patients with AS undergoing TAVR had simultaneous non‐invasive and invasive measurements of central BP before and after the procedure. Before TAVR central systolic BP was in average slightly underestimated, though with wide variability, when using the default calibration of brachial‐cuff SBP (mean difference ± SD, −3 ± 15 mm Hg), and after TAVR the degree of underestimation increased (mean difference ± SD, −9 ± 13 mm Hg). The agreement tended to improve for those patients with low aortic gradient stenosis compared to those with high gradient at baseline (mean difference ± SD, −2 ± 11 mm Hg vs. −4 ± 17, respectively, p = .3). The cuff‐brachial systolic BP yielded numerically lower degree of agreement and weaker correlation with invasive measurements than SphygmoCor XCEL. In patients with severe AS the SphygmoCor XCEL cuff device, despite showing strong correlation, does not meet the ARTERY Society accuracy criteria for non‐invasive measurement of central SBP.
Extracellular Vesicles in chondrogenesis and Cartilage regeneration
Authors: Song Hong , Zhao Jiasong , Cheng Jun , Feng Zhijie , Wang Jianhua , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir Abbas , Liang Yimin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes and microvesicles, are bilayer lipids containing biologically active information, including nucleic acids and proteins. They are involved in cell communication and signalling, mediating many biological functions including cell growth, migration and proliferation. Recently, EVs have received great attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have attempted to evaluate the chondrogenesis potential of these microstructures and their roles in cartilage regeneration. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or chondrocytes have been found to induce chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Preclinical studies have shown that exosomes derived from MSCs have promising results in cartilage repair and in cell‐free therapy of osteoarthritis. This review will focus on the in vitro and in vivo chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration of EVs as well as their potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
A novel lncRNA promotes myogenesis of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells via PFN1‐RhoA/Rac1
Authors: Chen Mingming , Zhang Linlin , Guo Yiwen , Liu Xinfeng , Song Yingshen , Li Xin , Ding Xiangbin , Guo Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyogenesis, the process of skeletal muscle formation, is a highly coordinated multistep biological process. Accumulating evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a gatekeeper in myogenesis. Up to now, most studies on muscle development‐related lncRNAs are mainly focussed on humans and mice. In this study, a novel muscle highly expressed lncRNA, named lnc23, localized in nucleus, was found differentially expressed in different stages of embryonic development and myogenic differentiation. The knockdown and over‐expression experiments showed that lnc23 positively regulated the myogenic differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Then, TMT 10‐plex labelling quantitative proteomics was performed to screen the potentially regulatory proteins of lnc23. Results indicated that lnc23 was involved in the key processes of myogenic differentiation such as cell fusion, further demonstrated that down‐regulation of lnc23 may inhibit myogenic differentiation by reducing signal transduction and cell fusion among cells. Furthermore, RNA pulldown/LC‐MS and RIP experiment illustrated that PFN1 was a binding protein of lnc23. Further, we also found that lnc23 positively regulated the protein expression of RhoA and Rac1, and PFN1 may negatively regulate myogenic differentiation and the expression of its interacting proteins RhoA and Rac1. Hence, we support that lnc23 may reduce the inhibiting effect of PFN1 on RhoA and Rac1 by binding to PFN1, thereby promoting myogenic differentiation. In short, the novel identified lnc23 promotes myogenesis of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells via PFN1‐RhoA/Rac1.
Therapeutic effect of SP‐8356 on pulmonary embolism‐associated cardiac injury is mediated by its ability to suppress apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Zhou Jia , Liu Kai , Feng Cheng , Peng Zhengliang , Luo Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cyclophilin A–CD147 interaction has been reported to be one of the most potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. The signalling of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was also reported in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury. Since SP‐8356 is regarded as a novel Inhibitor of CD147‐Cyclophilin, the study aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic effects of SP‐8356 for pulmonary embolism‐associated cardiac injury. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to analyse the expression of MMP‐9, ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2), P65, p‐P65, and CyA protein in PE cell and rat models under distinct conditions. Flow cytometry and TUNEL were carried out to examine the apoptosis of primary rat myocardiocytes and PE rat models under distinct conditions. CyA treatment on primary rat myocardiocytes remarkably raised the expression of MMP‐9, p‐ERK1/2 and p‐P65 protein expression; SP8536 treatment effectively restored the CyA‐induced up‐regulation of MMP‐9, p‐ERK1/2 and p‐P65 protein expression in primary rat myocardiocytes. Besides, flow cytometry analysis showed that SP8536 remarkably suppressed the CyA‐induced elevation of cell apoptosis rate of primary rat myocardiocytes. Moreover, SP8536 notably diminished the abnormal elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), Troponin I and Myeloperoxidase activity in PE rat models. Furthermore, SP‐8536 significantly restored the up‐regulation of MMP‐9, p‐ERK1/2, p‐P65, CyA protein and the cellular apoptosis in the PE rat model. Our study validated that SP‐8356 could suppress cell apoptosis and inflammatory response via down‐regulating the highly expressed MMP‐9, p‐ERK1/2, and p‐P65 and MMP‐9 in PE‐associated cardiac injury in a dose‐dependent manner.
HIF‐1α is necessary for activation and tumour‐promotion effect of cancer‐associated fibroblasts in lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Yana , Bian Yangyang , Wang Yuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Duan Xixi , Han Yuning , Zhang Lijing , Wang Fei , Gu Zhuoyu , Qin Zhihai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) activation is crucial for the establishment of a tumour promoting microenvironment, but our understanding of CAFs activation is still limited. In this study, we found that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was highly expressed in CAFs of human lung cancer tissues and mouse spontaneous lung tumour. Accordingly, enhancing the expression of HIF‐1α in fibroblasts via hypoxia induced the conversion of normal fibroblasts into CAFs. HIF‐1α‐specific inhibitor or HIF‐1α knockout (KO) significantly attenuated CAFs activation, which was manifested by the decreased expression of COL1A2 and α‐SMA. In vivo, during tumour formation, the expression of Ki‐67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the tumour tissue with HIF‐1α KO fibroblasts was significantly lower than that of normal fibroblasts. Moreover, HIF‐1α in fibroblasts could activate the NF‐κB signalling pathway and enhance a subsequent secretion of CCL5, thus promoting the tumour growth. In conclusion, our results suggest that HIF‐1α is essential for the activation and tumour‐promotion function of CAFs in lung cancer (LC). And targeting HIF‐1α expression on CAFs may be a promising strategy for LC therapy.