bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoreo de la antigüedad de hospitales potencialmente requeridos en caso de desastre en México
Authors: Montejano-Castillo Milton , Moreno-Villanueva Mildred 
Published: February 2021

Desastres recientes han evidenciado la necesidad de revisar en México la seguridad de la infraestructura crítica del país. En este artículo se exploran las limitantes que un hospital puede tener con el fin de incrementar su seguridad ante desastres de acuerdo con su antigüedad, dada la relativamente reciente formulación de códigos de construcción y lineamientos para hacer los hospitales seguros frente a desastres. Por ello, el año de construcción y el coeficiente de ocupación se tomaron como indicadores para analizar algunos de los hospitales en proceso de certificación en el programa Hospital Seguro en México. Se observa que solo una minoría de los hospitales es de reciente construcción y queen su mayoría estos hospitales están sujetos a una constante expansión física, por lo que se propone un Observatorio para identificar vulnerabilidades asociadas a la antigüedad y saturación física de hospitales, para evaluar la factibilidad de recibir saldos masivos
EVALUASI PERFORMA SPIRAL HEAT EXCHANGER HE-201 PADA UNIT DEMONOMERISASI
Authors: Urbaningtyas Herda , Hendrawati Nanik , Choirudin Fanny 
Published: February 2021

Heat exchanger adalah proses perpindahan panas fluida dengan fluida lain tanpa terjadi perpindahan massa didalamnya dan dapat dipergunakan sebagai pemanas. Salah satu tipe alat heat exchanger yang dipakai pada unit demonomerisasi adalah Spiral heat exchanger. Pada Demonomerisasi di PT Ashahimas Chemical, Spiral heat exchanger HE – 201 digunakan untuk memanaskan atau meningkatkan suhu slurry demonomer. Spiral heat exchanger HE-201 tersebut terdapat di unit demonomerisasi pada proses PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). Hal ini dilakukan karena slurry yang terproduksi mengalami penurunanan yang disebabkan terbentuknya kerak. Hal tersebut menyebabkan koefiesien perpindahan panas (Ud) menurun dan mencapai jenuh, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui nilai perpindahan panas dan efisiensi performa alat. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dari perhitungan nilai flouling factor (Rd) pada HE-201 diperoleh Rd actual yang jauh lebih kecil dari Rd desain dan nilai ΔP aktual sebesar 1,6 Kg/cm2G. Nilai tersebut berada dibawah nilai pressure drop yang diizinkan yaitu sebesar 2,6 Kg/cm2G. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa HE-201 pada unit demonomerisasi memiliki kondisi yang sangat baik, masih dapat beroperasi dan tidak perlu diperbarui.
Multiscale Dynamics of Blood Pressure Fluctuation Is Associated With White Matter Lesion Burden in Older Adults With and Without Hypertension: Observations From a Pilot Study
Authors: Jiang Xin , Guo Yi , Zhao Yue , Gao Xia , Peng Dan , Zhang Hui , Deng Wuhong , Fu Wen , Qin Na , Chang Ruizhen , Manor Brad , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Zhou Junhong 
Published: February 2021

Background: White matter lesions (WMLs) are highly prevalent in older adults, and hypertension is one of the main contributors to WMLs. The blood pressure (BP) is regulated by complex underlying mechanisms over multiple time scales, thus the continuous beat-to-beat BP fluctuation is complex. The association between WMLs and hypertension may be manifested as diminished complexity of BP fluctuations. The aim of this pilot study is to explore the relationships between hypertension, BP complexity, and WMLs in older adults.Method: Fifty-three older adults with clinically diagnosed hypertension and 47 age-matched older adults without hypertension completed one MRI scan and one BP recording of 10–15 min when sitting quietly. Their cerebral WMLs were assessed by two neurologists using the Fazekas scale based on brain structural MRI of each of their own. Greater score reflected higher WML grade. The complexity of continuous systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP series was quantified using multiscale entropy (MSE). Lower MSE reflected lower complexity.Results: Compared to the non-hypertensive group, hypertensives had significantly greater Fazekas scores (F &gt; 5.3, p &lt; 0.02) and lower SBP and DBP complexity (F &gt; 8.6, p &lt; 0.004). Both within each group (β &lt; −0.42, p &lt; 0.01) and across groups (β &lt; −0.47, p &lt; 0.003), those with lower BP complexity had higher Fazekas score. Moreover, complexity of both SBP and DBP mediated the influence of hypertension on WMLs (indirect effects &gt; 0.25, 95% confidence intervals = 0.06 – 0.50).Conclusion: These results suggest that diminished BP complexity is associated with WMLs and may mediate the influence of hypertension on WMLs. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the causal relationship between BP complexity and WMLs.
The Role of Crystal Accumulation and Cumulate Remobilization in the Formation of Large Zoned Ignimbrites: Insights From the Aso-4 Caldera-forming Eruption, Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Keller Franziska , Bachmann Olivier , Geshi Nobuo , Miyakawa Ayumu 
Published: February 2021

The Aso-4 caldera-forming event (86.4 ± 1.1 ka, VEI-8) is the second largest volcanic eruption Earth experienced in the past 100 ka. The ignimbrite sheets produced during this event are some of the first ever described compositionally zoned pyroclastic flow deposits exhibiting clear compositional, mineralogical and thermal gradients with stratigraphic position. Large quantities of the deposits are composed of crystal-poor, highly evolved juvenile pumices, while late-erupted pyroclastic flows are in many cases dominated by crystal-rich and less silicic scoria. These petrological gradients in the Aso-4 deposits have been linked to extensive magma mixing of two compositionally distinct magmas in a complex upper crustal reservoir. However, new studies on several other zoned ignimbrites suggest that magma mixing alone is not sufficient to fully explain such strong compositional gradients in the deposits. These gradients are expected to be dominantly caused by the recharge-induced reactivation of extracted melt caps and their complementary cumulate in the upper crust. Here, we investigate bulk rock and matrix glass data with detailed analyses of mineral chemistry in order to re-evaluate the Aso-4 deposits in light of these latest developments. Reverse chemical zoning in phenocrysts, Sr enrichment in euhedral rims of plagioclase and the presence of mafic minerals (clinopyroxene, olivine) indicate recharge of hot, mafic magmas shortly prior to eruption, inducing a mixing signature. However, the marked enrichment in some elements in bulk-rock analyses and the presence of highly evolved minerals (some in the form of glomerocrysts) in the late-erupted, crystal-rich units, provide clear evidence for crystal accumulation in these scoria. Mass balance modeling of P2O5, Sr and SiO2 supports the extraction of melt-rich lenses within an upper crustal mush zone, leaving a partly cumulative evolved crystal residue. We therefore propose an origin of the compositionally zoned Aso-4 ignimbrite largely by erupting a heterogeneous upper crustal reservoir, consisting of crystal-poor rhyodacitic melt caps within its associated cumulate mush. This complex reservoir was reactivated by mafic recharge shortly prior to eruption, imparting an additional mixing signature to the deposits.
Stable Strontium Isotopic Compositions of River Water, Groundwater and Sediments From the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River System in Bangladesh
Authors: Yoshimura Toshihiro , Wakaki Shigeyuki , Kawahata Hodaka , Hossain H. M. Zakir , Manaka Takuya , Suzuki Atsushi , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: February 2021

The Sr isotopic composition of rivers and groundwaters in the Bengal Plain is a major contributor to the global oceanic Sr inventory. The stable strontium isotope ratios (δ88Sr) provide a new tool to identify chemical weathering reactions in terrestrial water. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of δ88Sr in samples of river water, bedload sediment, and groundwater collected from the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna drainage basin in Bangladesh, which is known to strongly influence the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in seawater. The average δ88Sr values of waters of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers were 0.269, 0.316, and 0.278‰, respectively. Our data showed little difference between seasons of high and low discharge. The δ88Sr values measured in sequential leaching fractions of sediments varied from –0.258 to 0.516‰ and were highest in the silicate fraction, followed in turn by the carbonate fraction and the exchangeable fraction. Both 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr of these waters are primarily controlled by the inputs of Sr in weathering products from the Bengal Plain and Sr from the Himalayan rivers (Ganges and Brahmaputra). Values of δ88Sr and Sr/Ca were higher in the Brahmaputra River than in the Ganges River, a difference we attribute to greater input from silicate weathering. The variations of δ88Sr and 87Sr/86Sr were greater in groundwater than in river waters. Mineral sorting effects and dissolution kinetics can account for the large scatter in 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr values. The depth profile of δ88Sr showed wide variation at shallow depths and convergence to a narrow range of about 0.31‰ at depths greater than 70 m, which reflects more complete equilibration of chemical interactions between groundwater and ambient sediments owing to the longer residence time of deeper groundwater. We found that δ88Sr values in the groundwater of Bangladesh were almost identical to those of river water from the lower Meghna River downstream of its confluence with the Ganges–Brahmaputra river system, thus confirming that the δ88Sr composition of the groundwater discharge to the Bay of Bengal is very similar to that of the river discharge.
The Early Upper Paleolithic Site Crvenka-At, Serbia–The First Aurignacian Lowland Occupation Site in the Southern Carpathian Basin
Authors: Nett Janina J. , Chu Wei , Fischer Peter , Hambach Ulrich , Klasen Nicole , Zeeden Christian , Obreht Igor , Obrocki Lea , Pötter Stephan , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Vött Andreas , Mihailović Dušan , Marković Slobodan B. , Lehmkuhl Frank 
Published: February 2021

The Carpathian Basin is a key region for understanding modern human expansion into western Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene because of numerous early hominid fossil find spots. However, the corresponding archeological record remains less understood due to a paucity of well dated, contextualized sites. To help rectify this, we excavated and sampled Crvenka-At (Serbia), one of the largest Upper Paleolithic sites in the region to obtain radiometric ages for the archeological artifacts and evaluate their depositional context and subsequent site formation processes. Our results confirm that this locality represents a multiple-occupation Aurignacian site that dates to 36.4 ± 2.8 ka based on modeling of luminescence ages. Electrical resistivity tomography measurements indicate that the site formed on a sandy-gravelly fill terrace covered by overbank deposits. Complex grain size distributions further suggest site formation in contrasting depositional environments typically occurring alongside fluvial channels, at lakeshores, in alluvial fan or delta settings. The site is thus the closest (ca. 50 km) known Aurignacian site to the earliest undisputed modern human remains in Europe at the Peştera cu oase and some intervals of the occupation may therefore have been contemporaneous with them. This suggests that modern humans, during their initial settlement of Europe, exploited a wider range of topographic and ecological settings than previously posited. Our findings indicate that lowland areas of the Carpathian Basin are an important part of understanding the early settlement patterns of modern humans in Europe.
Construction of circRNA-Based ceRNA Network to Reveal the Role of circRNAs in the Progression and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Deng Rong , Cui Xiaohan , Dong Yuxiang , Tang Yanqiu , Tao Xuewen , Wang Shuyu , Wang Jincheng , Chen Lin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are now under hot discussion as novel promising biomarkers for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of our study is to identify several competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks related to the prognosis and progression of HCC and to further investigate the mechanism of their influence on tumor progression.MethodsFirst, we obtained gene expression data related to liver cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (http://www.portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including microRNA (miRNA) sequence, RNA sequence, and clinical information. A co-expression network was constructed through the Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) software package in R software. The differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) in the key module were analyzed with the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/summary.jsp) to perform functional enrichment analysis including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). The data of miRNA expression and clinical information downloaded from TCGA were utilized for survival analysis to detach the prognostic value of the DEmiRNAs of the key module.ResultsThe 201 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and 3,783 DEmRNAs were preliminarily identified through differential expression analysis. The co-expression networks of DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs were constructed with WGCNA. Further analysis confirmed four miRNAs in the most significant module (blue module) were associated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with liver cancer, including hsa-miR-92b-3p, hsa-miR-122-3p, hsa-miR-139-5p, and hsa-miR-7850-5p. DAVID was used for functional enrichment analysis of 286 co-expressed mRNAs. The GO analysis results showed that the top enriched GO terms were oxidation–reduction process, extracellular exosome, and iron ion binding. In KEGG pathway analysis, the top three enriched terms included metabolic pathways, fatty acid degradation, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation. In addition, we intersected the miRNA–mRNA interaction prediction results with the differentially expressed and prognostic mRNAs. We found that hsa-miR-92b-3p can be related to CPEB3 and ACADL. By overlapping the data of predicted circRNAs by circBank and differentially expressed circRNAs of GSE94508, we screened has_circ_0077210 as the upstream regulatory molecule of hsa-miR-92b-3p. Hsa_circ_0077210/hsa-miR-92b-3p/cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein-3 (CPEB3) and acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, long chain (ACADL) were validated in HCC tissue.ConclusionOur research provides a mechanistic elucidation of the unknown ceRNA regulatory network in HCC. Hsa_circ_0077210 might serve a momentous therapeutic role to restrain the occurrence and development of HCC.
Case Report: Identification of a Novel ODAD3 Variant in a Patient With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Wang Rongchun , Yang Danhui , Guo Ting , Lei Cheng , Chen Xu , Kang Xi , Qing Jie , Luo Hong 
Published: February 2021

Background:ODAD3 encodes a protein of 595 amino acids and contain three highly conserved coiled-coil domains, which is essential for cilia axoneme dynein arm assembly and docking. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) of ODAD3 deficiency are rarely reported. Female infertility in PCD related to ODAD3 variants has not been reported.Methods: Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the disease-related gene of the patient with PCD in a consanguineous Chinese family. Domain analysis was applied to predict the impact of the variant on ODAD3 protein.Results: The 35 year-old female patient exhibited chronic sinusitis, diffuse bronchiectasis, dextrocardia and infertility. We identified a novel homozygous variant in ODAD3, c.1166_1169dupAGAC, p.(Leu391Aspfs*105) in the PCD patient by exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. This frameshift variant was predicted to be disease causing by bioinformatics analysis and was also not presented in the current authorized large genetic databases.Conclusions: Our study enriches the genetic spectrum and clinical phenotypes of ODAD3 variants in PCD and provide more evidence for future genetic counseling and gene-targeted therapy for this disease.
Disrupted Service Delivery? The Impact of Conflict on Antenatal Care Quality in Kenya
Authors: Chukwuma Adanna , Wong Kerry L. M. , Ekhator-Mobayode Uche Eseosa 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: African countries facing conflict have higher levels of maternal mortality. Understanding the gaps in the utilization of high-quality maternal health care is essential to improving maternal survival in these states. Few studies have estimated the impact of conflict on the quality of health care. In this study, we estimated the impact of conflict on the quality of health care in Kenya, a country with multiple overlapping conflicts and significant disparities in maternal survival.Materials and Methods: We drew on data on the observed quality of 553 antenatal care (ANC) visits between January and April 2010. Process quality was measured as the percentage of elements of client–provider interactions performed in these visits. For structural quality, we measured the percentage of required components of equipment and infrastructure and the management and supervision in the facility on the day of the visit. We spatially linked the analytical sample to conflict events from January to April 2010. We modeled the quality of ANC as a function of exposure to conflict using spatial difference-in-difference models.Results: ANC visits that occurred in facilities within 10,000 m of any conflict event in a high-conflict month received 18–21 percentage points fewer components of process quality on average and had a mean management and supervision score that was 12.8–13.5 percentage points higher. There was no significant difference in the mean equipment and infrastructure score at the 5% level. The positive impact of conflict exposure on the quality of management and supervision was driven by rural facilities. The quality of management and supervision and equipment and infrastructure did not modify the impact of conflict on process quality.Discussion: Our study demonstrates the importance of designing maternal health policy based on the context-specific evidence on the mechanisms through which conflict affects health care. In Kenya, deterioration of equipment and infrastructure does not appear to be the main mechanism through which conflict has affected ANC quality. Further research should focus on better understanding the determinants of the gaps in process quality in conflict-affected settings, including provider motivation, competence, and incentives.
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in Gut Inflammation: A Door to the Body
Authors: Cristofori Fernanda , Dargenio Vanessa Nadia , Dargenio Costantino , Miniello Vito Leonardo , Barone Michele , Francavilla Ruggiero 
Published: February 2021

Hosting millions of microorganisms, the digestive tract is the primary and most important part of bacterial colonization. On one side, in cases of opportunistic invasion, the abundant bacterial population inside intestinal tissues may face potential health problems such as inflammation and infections. Therefore, the immune system has evolved to sustain the host–microbiota symbiotic relationship. On the other hand, to maintain host immune homeostasis, the intestinal microflora often exerts an immunoregulatory function that cannot be ignored. A field of great interest is the association of either microbiota or probiotics with the immune system concerning clinical uses. This microbial community regulates some of the host’s metabolic and physiological functions and drives early-life immune system maturation, contributing to their homeostasis throughout life. Changes in gut microbiota can occur through modification in function, composition (dysbiosis), or microbiota–host interplays. Studies on animals and humans show that probiotics can have a pivotal effect on the modulation of immune and inflammatory mechanisms; however, the precise mechanisms have not yet been well defined. Diet, age, BMI (body mass index), medications, and stress may confound the benefits of probiotic intake. In addition to host gut functions (permeability and physiology), all these agents have profound implications for the gut microbiome composition. The use of probiotics could improve the gut microbial population, increase mucus-secretion, and prevent the destruction of tight junction proteins by decreasing the number of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). When LPS binds endothelial cells to toll-like receptors (TLR 2, 4), dendritic cells and macrophage cells are activated, and inflammatory markers are increased. Furthermore, a decrease in gut dysbiosis and intestinal leakage after probiotic therapy may minimize the development of inflammatory biomarkers and blunt unnecessary activation of the immune system. In turn, probiotics improve the differentiation of T-cells against Th2 and development of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10. The present narrative review explores the interactions between gut microflora/probiotics and the immune system starting from the general perspective of a biological plausibility to get to the in vitro and in vivo demonstrations of a probiotic-based approach up to the possible uses for novel therapeutic strategies.
Compare the Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Systemic Corticosteroids on Sputum Microbiome of AECOPD
Authors: Ma Nan , Qi Yujing , Liang Xiaona , Bai Jing , Deng Jingmin , Li Meihua , He Zhiyi 
Published: February 2021

Background: To observe the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and systemic corticosteroids (SCS) on the sputum microbiology of patients with AECOPD.Methods: The 16S rRNA sequencing results for sputum samples from 36 admitted AECOPD patients were analyzed using ICS or SCS on the basis of standard treatment; sputum samples were collected before and after treatment for 1 day, 7, and 14 days.Results: After 7 days of SCS treatment, the bacterial abundance of Sorangium, Acidibacter, and Fretibacterium decreased at the genus level. After 14 days of SCS treatment, the bacterial abundance of Prevotella_2, Bergeyella, Corynebacterium_1, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 was decreased at the genus level, and an increase in the bacterial abundance of the Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group was observed at the family level. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm showed that after treatment for 14 days, Sphingobacterium increased in the SCS group, and Corynebacterium_1 (genus level), Bacillales (order level), and Lactobacillales (order level) decreased in the ICS group. However, the abundance of the above bacteria in each group of samples was &lt;1%, suggesting that the two treatments may have similar effects on bacterial abundance. Alpha diversity analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the ACE index, Chao1 index, Shannon index, or Simpson index between the ICS group and the SCS group. Beta diversity analysis showed that there was little difference in bacterial diversity among each group. BugBase predicted that although bacteria containing mobile elements in the SCS group decreased significantly compared with those in patients using ICS after treatment for 14 days, these two treatments had similar effects on other phenotype categories assigned to the bacterial contents.Conclusions: Our results show that ICS and SCS have remarkably similar effects on the sputum microbiome of AECOPD patients.