bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Antigen, Otubain Cysteine Peptidase of Leishmania donovani, for the Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis and for Monitoring Treatment Response
Authors: Kamran Mohd , Ejazi Sarfaraz Ahmad , Choudhury Somsubhra Thakur , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Tanishka Km , Pandey Krishna , Das Vidya Nand Ravi , Das Pradeep , da Silva Fernando Oliveira , Costa Dorcas Lamounier , Costa Carlos Henrique Nery , Rahaman Mehebubar , Goswami Rama Prosad , Ali Nahid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tests for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are not uniformly effective for all endemic regions. In a serological assay, a novel antigen, otubain cysteine peptidase, compared with rK39, showed comparable sensitivity with Indian VL serum samples and prominently increased sensitivity with Brazilian samples, as well as improved monitoring of the treatment response.
Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection in a University Student Population
Authors: Rennert Lior , McMahan Christopher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We assess protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in 16,101 university students. Among 2,021 students previously infected in Fall 2020, risk of re-infection during the Spring 2021 semester was 2.2%; estimated protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was 84% (95% CI: 78%–88%).
Consumption of penicillins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017
Authors: Bruyndonckx Robin , Adriaenssens Niels , Hens Niel , Versporten Ann , Monnet Dominique L , Molenberghs Geert , Goossens Herman , Weist Klaus , Coenen Samuel ,   the ESAC-Net study group, Strauss Reinhild , Vandael Eline , Sabtcheva Stefana , Payerl-Pal Marina , Kyriakidou Isavella , Vlček Jiří , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Linask Elviira , Sarvikivi Emmi , Cavalié Philippe , Schneider Marc , Kontopidou Flora , Benkő Ria , Aspelund Gudrun , Oza Ajay , Fortinguerra Filomena , Rutkovska Ieva , Kuklytė Jolanta , Bruch Marcel , Zarb Peter , Natsch Stephanie , Blix Hege Salvesen , Olczak-Pieńkowska Anna , Silva Ana , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Tesař Tomáš , Čižman Milan , Herreras Mayte Alonso , Bergfeldt Vendela , Müller-Pebody Berit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesData on consumption of penicillins in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of penicillins.MethodsFor the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of penicillins, i.e. β-lactam antibacterials, penicillins (ATC group J01C), in the community aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of penicillins was analysed based on ATC-4 subgroups, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes.ResultsIn 2017, consumption of penicillins in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 4.9 between countries with the highest (Spain) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. An increase in consumption of penicillins, which was not statistically significant, was observed between 1997 and 2003 and up to 2010. A decrease, which was not statistically significant, was observed from 2010 onwards. Proportional consumption of combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) increased during 1997–2017, which coincided with a decrease in the proportional consumption of extended-spectrum penicillins (J01CA) and narrow-spectrum penicillins (J01CE).ConclusionsConsiderable variation in the patterns of consumption of penicillins was observed between EU/EEA countries. The consumption of penicillins in the EU/EEA community did not change significantly over time, while the proportional consumption of combinations of penicillins increased.
Consumption of cephalosporins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017
Authors: Versporten Ann , Bruyndonckx Robin , Adriaenssens Niels , Hens Niel , Monnet Dominique L , Molenberghs Geert , Goossens Herman , Weist Klaus , Coenen Samuel ,   the ESAC-Net study group, Strauss Reinhild , Vandael Eline , Sabtcheva Stefana , Payerl-Pal Marina , Kyriakidou Isavella , Vlček Jiří , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Linask Elviira , Sarvikivi Emmi , Hider-Mlynarz Karima , Dollen Katja Niepraschk-von , Kontopidou Flora , Matuz Mária , Aspelund Gudrun , Burns Karen , Fortinguerra Filomena , Dimiņa Elīna , Kuklytė Jolanta , Bruch Marcel , Zarb Peter , Natsch Stephanie , Blix Hege Salvesen , Olczak-Pieńkowska Anna , Silva Ana , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Tesař Tomáš , Čižman Milan , Navas Antonio López , Bergfeldt Vendela , Müller-Pebody Berit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Data on cephalosporin consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/EEA countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of cephalosporins.

Methods
For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of cephalosporins (i.e. first-, second-, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins; ATC subgroups J01DB, J01DC, J01DD and J01DE, respectively) in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Cephalosporin consumption was analysed based on ATC-4 subgroup, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes.

Results
In 2017, cephalosporin consumption in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 285 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. Cephalosporin consumption did not change significantly between the first quarter of 1997 and the last quarter of 2017. Seasonal variation decreased significantly over time. Proportional consumption of second- and third-generation cephalosporins significantly increased over time compared with that of first-generation cephalosporins, and proportional consumption of fourth-generation cephalosporins significantly decreased compared with that of second- and third-generation cephalosporins.

Conclusions
Despite considerable variation between countries in the composition of cephalosporin consumption and trends over time, a significant shift towards consumption of more broad-spectrum cephalosporins in the community was observed across the EU/EEA during 1997–2017.
Consumption of quinolones in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017
Authors: Adriaenssens Niels , Bruyndonckx Robin , Versporten Ann , Hens Niel , Monnet Dominique L , Molenberghs Geert , Goossens Herman , Weist Klaus , Coenen Samuel ,   the ESAC-Net study group, Strauss Reinhild , Vandael Eline , Sabtcheva Stefana , Andrašević Arjana Tambić , Kyriakidou Isavella , Vlček Jiří , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Linask Elviira , Sarvikivi Emmi , Hider-Mlynarz Karima , Zawinell Anette , Kontopidou Flora , Matuz Mária , Aspelund Gudrun , Burns Karen , Fortinguerra Filomena , Dimiņa Elīna , Kuklytė Jolanta , Bruch Marcel , Zarb Peter , Natsch Stephanie , Blix Hege Salvesen , Olczak-Pieńkowska Anna , Silva Ana , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Tesař Tomáš , Čižman Milan , Navas Antonio López , Bergfeldt Vendela , Müller-Pebody Berit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Data on quinolone consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of main subgroups of quinolones.

Methods
For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of quinolones, i.e. ATC group J01M, in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Quinolone consumption was analysed by subgroups based on pharmacokinetic profile, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes.

Results
In 2017, quinolone consumption in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 8.2 between countries with the highest (Bulgaria) and the lowest (Norway) consumption. The second-generation quinolones accounted for &gt;50% of quinolone consumption in most countries. Quinolone consumption significantly increased up to 2001, and did not change significantly afterwards. Seasonal variation increased significantly over time. Proportional consumption of third-generation quinolones significantly increased over time relative to that of second-generation quinolones, while proportional consumption of both third- and second-generation quinolones significantly increased relative to that of first-generation quinolones. Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin represented &gt;40% of quinolone consumption in the community in southern EU/EEA countries.

Conclusions
Quinolone consumption in the community is no longer increasing in the EU/EEA, but its seasonal variation continues to increase significantly as is the proportion of quinolones to treat respiratory infections.
Quality appraisal of antibiotic consumption in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 2009 and 2017
Authors: Adriaenssens Niels , Bruyndonckx Robin , Versporten Ann , Hens Niel , Monnet Dominique L , Molenberghs Geert , Goossens Herman , Weist Klaus , Coenen Samuel ,   the ESAC-Net study group, Strauss Reinhild , Catry Boudewijn , Sabtcheva Stefana , Andrašević Arjana Tambić , Kyriakidou Isavella , Vlček Jiří , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Linask Elviira , Sarvikivi Emmi , Cavalié Philippe , Schweickert Birgitta , Kontopidou Flora , Benkő Ria , Aspelund Gudrun , Burns Karen , Fortinguerra Filomena , Dimiņa Elīna , Valintėlienė Rolanda , Bruch Marcel , Zarb Peter , Natsch Stephanie , Blix Hege Salvesen , Olczak-Pieńkowska Anna , Silva Ana , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Tesař Tomáš , Čižman Milan , Navas Antonio López , Bergfeldt Vendela , Müller-Pebody Berit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The quality of antibiotic consumption in the community can be assessed using 12 drug-specific quality indicators (DSQIs) developed by the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project. We compared quality in 2009 and 2017 in the EU/European Economic Area (EEA) and evaluated the impact of using different DDD values (ATC/DDD indices 2011 and 2019) for the 2009 quality assessment using these DSQIs and a joint scientific opinion (JSO) indicator.

Methods
We calculated the 12 DSQIs and the JSO indicator for 2017 and for 2009 for EU/EEA countries able to deliver values. For each of the indicators we grouped the 2017 and 2009 indicator values into four quartiles. To evaluate changes in quality between 2009 and 2017, we used the quartile distribution of the 2009 indicator values in 30 EU/EEA countries as benchmarks. In addition, we compared the quality assessment for 2009 using the ATC/DDD indices 2011 and 2019.

Results
In 2017, a difference in the quality of antibiotic consumption in the community between northern and southern EU/EEA countries remained, but also several eastern EU/EEA countries shifted towards lower quality. Quality of antibiotic consumption decreased between 2009 and 2017 in particular indicator values for penicillin, quinolone, relative β-lactam and broad- versus narrow-spectrum antibiotic consumption, and seasonal variation. Using different ATC/DDD indices did not substantially change countries’ ranking based on their DSQI values.

Conclusions
The quality of antibiotic consumption in the community as measured by the DSQIs further decreased between 2009 and 2017, especially in Southern and Eastern European countries. A continuous effort to improve antibiotic consumption is essential to reduce antibiotic consumption in general and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in particular.
Body and Wing Allometries Reveal Flight-Fecundity Tradeoff in Response to Larval Provisioning in Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Helm Bryan R , Baldwin Maxwell A , Rinehart Joseph P , Yocum George D , Greenlee Kendra J , Bowsher Julia H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Variation in body size has important implications for physical performance and fitness. For insects, adult size and morphology are determined by larval growth and metamorphosis. Female blue orchard bees, Osmia lignaria, (Say) provision a finite quantity of food to their offspring. In this study, we asked how provision-dependent variation in size changes adult morphology. We performed a diet manipulation in which some larvae were starved in the final instar and some were given unlimited food. We examined the consequences on adult morphology in two ways. First, allometric relationships between major body regions (head, thorax, abdomen) and total body mass were measured to determine relative growth of these structures. Second, morphometrics that are critical for flight (wing area, wing loading, and extra flight power index) were quantified. Head and thorax mass had hyperallometric relationships with body size, indicating these parts become disproportionately large in adults when larvae are given copious provisions. However, abdominal mass and wing area increased hypoallometrically with body size. Thus, large adults had disproportionately lighter abdomens and smaller wing areas than smaller adults. Though both males and females followed these general patterns, allometric patterns were affected by sex. For flight metrics, small adults had reduced wing loading and an increased extra flight power index. These results suggest that diet quantity alters development in ways that affect the morphometric trait relationships in adult O. lignaria and may lead to functional differences in performance.
Solitary cysticercus in the right temporalis muscle: case report of a rare form of presentation of cysticercosis
Authors: Cheruvu Ved Prakash R , Khan Manal M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Solitary cysticercus localized to the head and neck musculature is an unusual form of presentation of cysticercosis. Since it is rare and has non-specific manifestations, it can present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Our patient was a 16-year-old female who presented with a gradually increasing, painful swelling over right temple region of 6-month duration. Ultrasound and computed tomography scan revealed the presence of a solitary cysticercus in the right temporalis muscle. Surgical excision of the lesion was combined with a 4-week course of the anti-helminthic drug, Albendazole. Patient had a satisfactory resolution of symptoms and there was no recurrence in a follow-up period of 3 years. We suggest that cysticercosis should be considered as one of the possibilities in the differential diagnosis of swellings in the maxillofacial region, especially in the endemic areas. Imaging studies play an important role in confirmation of the diagnosis.
The post-main-sequence fate of the HR 8799 planetary system
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Hinkley Sasha 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The noteworthy four-planet HR 8799 system teeters on the brink of gravitational instability and contains an A-type host star that is characteristic of the progenitors of the majority of known white dwarf planetary system hosts. Goździewski & Migaszewski have demonstrated that the system can retain all four planets for at least 1 Gyr along the main sequence if the planets evolve within an externally unperturbed 8:4:2:1 mean motion resonance configuration. Here, we propagate forward their most stable fit beyond the main sequence, and incorporate external effects from Galactic tides and stellar fly-bys. We find that (i) giant branch mass-loss always breaks the resonance, and usually triggers the ejection of two of the planets, (ii) stellar fly-bys and Galactic tides rarely break the resonance during the main-sequence and giant branch phases, but play a crucial role in determining the final planetary configurations around the eventual white dwarf host star, and (iii) the meanderings of the surviving planets vary significantly, occupying regions from under 1 au to thousands of au. The ubiquitous survival of at least one planet and the presence of the debris discs in the system should allow for dynamical pathways for the white dwarf to be metal-polluted.
Magnetohydrodynamic effect on first star formation: pre-stellar core collapse and protostar formation
Authors: Sadanari Kenji Eric , Omukai Kazuyuki , Sugimura Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Tomida Kengo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent theoretical studies have suggested that a magnetic field may play a crucial role in the first star formation in the universe. However, the influence of the magnetic field on the first star formation has yet to be understood well. In this study, we perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations taking into account all the relevant cooling processes and non-equilibrium chemical reactions up to the protostar density, in order to study the collapse of magnetized primordial gas cores with self-consistent thermal evolution. Our results show that the thermal evolution of the central core is hardly affected by a magnetic field because magnetic forces do not prevent the contraction along the field lines. We also find that the magnetic braking extracts the angular momentum from the core and suppresses fragmentation depending on the initial strength of the magnetic field. The angular momentum transport by the magnetic outflows is less effective than that by the magnetic braking because the outflows are launched only in a late phase of the collapse. Our results indicate that the magnetic effects become important for the field strength $B\gt 10^{-8}(n_{\rm H}/1\ \rm cm^{-3})^{2/3}\ \rm G$, where nH is the number density, during the collapse phase. Finally, we compare our results with simulations using a barotropic approximation and confirm that this approximation is reasonable at least for the collapse phase. Nevertheless, self-consistent treatment of the thermal and chemical processes is essential for extending simulations to the accretion phase, in which radiative feedback by protostars plays a crucial role.
Cloud busting: enstatite and quartz clouds in the atmosphere of 2M2224-0158
Authors: Burningham Ben , Faherty Jacqueline K , Gonzales Eileen C , Marley Mark S , Visscher Channon , Lupu Roxana , Gaarn Josefine , Fabienne Bieger Michelle , Freedman Richard , Saumon Didier 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the most detailed data-driven exploration of cloud opacity in a substellar object to-date. We have tested over 60 combinations of cloud composition and structure, particle-size distribution, scattering model, and gas phase composition assumptions against archival 1–15 μm spectroscopy for the unusually red L4.5 dwarf 2MASSW J2224438-015852 using the Brewster retrieval framework. We find that, within our framework, a model that includes enstatite and quartz cloud layers at shallow pressures, combined with a deep iron cloud deck fits the data best. This model assumes a Hansen distribution for particle sizes for each cloud, and Mie scattering. We retrieved particle effective radii of $\log _{10} a {\rm (\mu m)} = -1.41^{+0.18}_{-0.17}$ for enstatite, $-0.44^{+0.04}_{-0.20}$ for quartz, and $-0.77^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$ for iron. Our inferred cloud column densities suggest ${\rm (Mg/Si)} = 0.69^{+0.06}_{-0.08}$ if there are no other sinks for magnesium or silicon. Models that include forsterite alongside, or in place of, these cloud species are strongly rejected in favour of the above combination. We estimate a radius of 0.75 ± 0.02 RJup, which is considerably smaller than predicted by evolutionary models for a field age object with the luminosity of 2M2224-0158. Models which assume vertically constant gas fractions are consistently preferred over models that assume thermochemical equilibrium. From our retrieved gas fractions, we infer ${\rm [M/H]} = +0.38^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ and ${\rm C/O} = 0.83^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$. Both these values are towards the upper end of the stellar distribution in the Solar neighbourhood, and are mutually consistent in this context. A composition towards the extremes of the local distribution is consistent with this target being an outlier in the ultracool dwarf population.
WALLABY pilot survey: first look at the Hydra I cluster and ram pressure stripping of ESO 501−G075
Authors: Reynolds T N , Westmeier T , Elagali A , Catinella B , Cortese L , Deg N , For B-Q , Kamphuis P , Kleiner D , Koribalski B S , Lee-Waddell K , Oh S-H , Rhee J , Serra P , Spekkens K , Staveley-Smith L , Stevens A R H , Taylor E N , Wang J , Wong O I 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) observations of Hydra I, the first cluster observed by the Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY) on the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. For the first time, we show that WALLABY can reach its final survey sensitivity. Leveraging the sensitivity, spatial resolution, and wide field of view of WALLABY, we identify a galaxy, ESO 501−G075, that lies near the virial radius of Hydra I and displays an H i tail. ESO 501−G075 shows a similar level of morphological asymmetry as another cluster member, which lies near the cluster centre and shows signs of experiencing ram pressure. We investigate possible environmental processes that could be responsible for producing the observed disturbance in the H i morphology of ESO 501−G075. We rule out tidal interactions, as ESO 501−G075 has no nearby neighbours within ∼0.34 Mpc. We use a simple model to determine that ram pressure can remove gas from the disc at radii r ≳ 25 kpc. We conclude that, as ESO 501−G075 has a typical H i mass compared to similar galaxies in the field and its morphology is compatible with a ram pressure scenario, ESO 501−G075 is likely recently infalling into the cluster and in the early stages of experiencing ram pressure.
Structural basis for the dynamics of human methionyl-tRNA synthetase in multi-tRNA synthetase complexes
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , Lee Hyun Joo , Kong Jiwon , Cho Ha Yeon , Kim Sunghoon , Kang Beom Sik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In mammals, eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) and three AARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). MSC components possess extension peptides for MSC assembly and specific functions. Human cytosolic methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) has appended peptides at both termini of the catalytic main body. The N-terminal extension includes a glutathione transferase (GST) domain responsible for interacting with AIMP3, and a long linker peptide between the GST and catalytic domains. Herein, we determined crystal structures of the human MRS catalytic main body, and the complex of the GST domain and AIMP3. The structures reveal human-specific structural details of the MRS, and provide a dynamic model for MRS at the level of domain orientation. A movement of zinc knuckles inserted in the catalytic domain is required for MRS catalytic activity. Depending on the position of the GST domain relative to the catalytic main body, MRS can either block or present its tRNA binding site. Since MRS is part of a huge MSC, we propose a dynamic switching between two possible MRS conformations; a closed conformation in which the catalytic domain is compactly attached to the MSC, and an open conformation with a free catalytic domain dissociated from other MSC components.