bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy restriction impairs dendritic cell development in C57Bl/6 mice (382.2)
Authors: Duriancik David , Gardner Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen presenting cells and sensitive to nutritional modulation. Energy restriction (ER) is a nutritional intervention shown to extend lifespan in many experimental organisms, but recent data in non‐human primates are contradictory. Immunological outcomes of ER are inconsistent, with several reports demonstrating amelioration of autoimmune disease in ER mice, yet increased susceptibility to some primary infections, such as influenza. In the current study, we hypothesized bone marrow DC development would be increased in ER mice due to glucocorticoid‐associated increased myelopoiesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ER on bone marrow DC progenitor numbers. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to characterize bone marrow DC progenitors. We observed increased myeloid progenitors and monocytes, while common DC progenitors and precursor DC were decreased in bone marrow of ER mice. Injecting recombinant mouse Flt3L was utilized to induce DC development in ER and ad libitum (AL) fed mice. We observed differential effects of rmFlt3L injections on DC subsets in ER mice, relative to that observed in AL mice. The altered developmental pathway of DC subsets may be responsible for contradictory immunological outcomes in ER populations and provide potential targets for improving vaccination, autoimmune conditions, and infectious disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIA grant to EMG RO1AG034949
Objective score of atopic dermatitis and prebiotic in infant (382.8)
Authors: Ghanei Nila , Siassi Fereydoun , Zandieh Fariborz 
Published: June 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent medical condition in infants aging from 6 months to 12 years old. Due to changes in life style, the prevalence of AD has been on the rise in recent decades such that nearly 50% of children in the first year of life and 80% in the first five years suffer from it. AD can lead to many complications such as changes in behavior, drowsiness, and susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Current standard of care for AD includes treatment with corticosteroids. However, treatment with corticosteroids can lead to many complications. There is a need for alternative treatments with lower risks of side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic supplement on objective score of infant with AD. Material and methods: Seventy 7‐24 month old infants with AD were enrolled in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial and were divided into 2 groups. The prebiotic supplemented group (PS) received fructooligosaccharides‐inulin and the control supplemented group (CS) received maltodextrin powder as placebo for 3 months. At the beginning and at the end of intervention total SCORAD (SCORing for Atopic Dermatitis) questionnaire was completed by a physician and serum levels of IgE were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Table: Clinical parameters before and after prebiotic supplementation in atopic dermatitis infants

GROUPvariable
Intervention(PS)N=35
Control(CS)N=35
P value

Objective scoreBeforeafter
55.4±97.73.8±8.1
32.8±16.715.5±9.8
0.180.001

Total SCORAD:Before After
53.9±23.64.3±9.6
43.4±20.919.4±13
0.060.001

Serum IgE level (IU/ml)Beforeafter
160±73107±42.7
158±4093±56
0.340.001

Results: The objective SCORAD consist of just the extent and intensity items. All clinical parameters of the SCORAD decreased significantly in both groups at the end of trial. However, the reduction in the PS group was significantly higher than the CS group (P<0.001). Also Significant negative correlation was found between total SCORAD score and Serum IgE levels (r2=0.20 ; P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that prebiotic supplement can effectively reduce clinical signs in AD infants.Grant Funding Source: supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
Associations between the neighborhood and home environments and weight status in pre‐kindergarten children (390.6)
Authors: Partington Susan , Lacombe Donald , Menzies Tim , Cottrell Lesley 
Published: June 2021

AIM: To determine if parent perceptions of the neighborhood environment, parenting style and household food purchasing patterns are associated with weight status in pre‐kindergarten children. METHODS: Parents of 114 pre‐kindergarten children, participants in the West Virginia Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Project, completed surveys to assess behavioral and environmental contributors to child weight. Neighborhood and home environments were assessed using the Twin Cities Walking Survey and the Family Food Environment Survey. Household food expenditures over the past 30 days, parent health status and that of the study child and household socio‐demographic characteristics were also reported. Children were weighed and height measured at a home visit or school screening by study staff. Linear regression was used to identify survey items significantly associated with child body mass index (BMI) percentile. RESULTS: Indicators of neighborhood cohesion, walkability and safety, percent of household food purchases made at stores not considered grocery stores, parent feeding style and history of overweight, and child birth weight accounted for about 50% of the variance in BMI percentile for age and gender. CONCLUSION: Characteristics of the neighborhood and home environments may be important contributors to weight status and should be considered in early childhood obesity prevention initiatives.Grant Funding Source: This project was supported by USDA AFRI grant #2011‐68001‐30049.
New insight into the obesity paradox among older adults with diabetes (391.7)
Authors: Murphy Rachel , Reinders Ilse , Garcia Melissa , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Launer Lenore , Benediktsson Rafn , Jonsson Palmi , Gudnason Vilmundur , Harris Tamara 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To investigate relationships between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in diabetes where obesity has been paradoxically associated with lower mortality risk than normal weight and to examine the possible role of muscle, adiposity and function.Design: Participants aged 66‐96 years with diabetes from self‐report, medication or fasting glucose 蠅7mmol/l in the AGES‐Reykjavik Study. BMI was classified as normal weight (18.5‐24.9kg/m2, N=114) or overweight/obese (蠅25.0kg/m2, N=520). Thigh muscle area, abdominal and thigh adipose depots were assessed with computed tomography. Function was assessed from gait speed and leg strength.Outcome: Mortality risk (hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)) over a mean of 6.5 years were assessed by Cox models, reference category overweight/obese.Results: In adjusted models (demographics, diabetes duration, medications, blood pressure, lipids, waist circumference, mid‐life BMI, smoking, microalbuminuria, inflammation and hypertension), normal weight participants had higher mortality risk (HR 1.69 95% CI 1.10‐2.61) than overweight/obese participants. Risk remained with adjustment for adipose depots and strength but was attenuated with adjustment for muscle area (HR 1.33 95% CI 0.86‐2.06) and gait speed (HR 1.54, 95% CI 0.97‐2.43).Conclusion: Muscle size and function may help explain the obesity paradox among adults with diabetes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH contract N01‐AG012100, the NIA Intramural Research Program, Hjartavernd (the Icelan
Dietary zinc supplementation during Giardia lamblia infection enhances growth performance, zinc status and immune response in CD1 mice (392.5)
Authors: Iñigo‐Figueroa Gemma , Astiazarán‐García Humberto , Quihui‐Cota Luis , Méndez‐Estrada Rosa Olivia , Velázquez‐Contreras Carlos Arturo , Garibay‐Escobar Adriana , Canett‐Romero Rafael 
Published: June 2021

The effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation for treating diarrhea in children may vary according to the etiological agent. Since Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is an important cause of parasitic diarrheal disease worldwide it was of interest to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary Zn intake on growth performance, Zn status and immune response during infection. CD1 mice were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets: low Zn (ZnL), adequate Zn (ZnA), supplemented Zn (ZnS1) and highly supplemented Zn (ZnS2) diet containing 10, 30, 223 and 1383 mg Zn/kg respectively. After a 10‐day feeding period, mice were orally inoculated with G. lamblia trophozoites and followed on the assigned diet during the course of infection. Giardia‐free mice fed ZnL or ZnA diet were able to attain normal growth while Giardia‐infected mice presented significant growth retardation and lower serum Zn levels. ZnS1 and ZnS2 diets avoided this weight loss during infection, enhanced the production of anti‐G. lamblia IgG and improved serum Zn levels despite the ongoing infection. Maximum growth rate and antibody mediated response were attained in mice fed ZnS1 diet with no further increases by feeding higher Zn levels (ZnS2). These findings reflect biological effect of Zn that could be of public health importance in endemic areas of infection. (Partially published, Nutrients 2013, 5(9), 3447‐3460)Grant Funding Source: Supported by CONACyT
Intravenous catheterization and the clinical setting do not impact appetite sensations in children (393.4)
Authors: Gheller Brandon , Montgomery Sarah , Anini Younes , Bellissimo Nick , Hamilton Jill , Glanville N. Theresa , Anderson G. Harvey , Luhovyy Bohdan 
Published: June 2021

In the clinical setting children report intravenous procedures as distressing but it is unknown if they affect their appetite sensations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of setting and venous blood draws on subjective appetite (SA) and physical comfort (PC) in children. Methods: In two separate studies, 9‐14 y children (5th‐85th BMI percentile) consumed a snack of either yogurt or cookies in random order. One study was conducted non‐invasively at a university laboratory (n=23) and another study was conducted at the hospital (n=11) where children had an intravenous catheter inserted for repeated blood draws over 2 h. In both studies, food intake (FI) was measured at an ad libitum meal 120 min after the snack. SA and PC were measured at 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 145 min using visual analogue scale questionnaires. Results: There was no difference between settings for the baseline SA and PC scores. There was an effect of time, but not setting, on two hour average appetite (P<0.01). Children had slightly higher PC scores (12%) in the clinical setting (P<0.01) but PC did not correlate with SA scores or FI in any setting. PC scores were high (0‐100 mm scale) in both the clinical setting (82 mm ± 1.8) and university setting (72 mm ± 1.2) indicating a lack of effect of setting and catheterization on appetite sensations. Conclusion: Venous blood draws performed in the clinical setting do not affect subjective appetite sensations following snacks in children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dairy Farmers of Canada
Alternatively activated monocytes/macropahges support prostate cancer skeletal metastasis (397.6)
Authors: Jones Jacqueline , Soki Fabiana , Morgan Todd , Pienta Kenneth , McCauley Laurie 
Published: June 2021

Macrophages play a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, by clearing foreign pathogens and apoptotic tumor cells through phagocytosis (termed eferrcoytosis). The purpose of this study was to determine the bone resident phagocytic macrophage/monocyte(s) that support prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis through efferocytosis and TGFβ. Bone marrow macrophages co‐incubated with either apoptotic mimicry beads or apoptotic PCa tumor cells exhibited efferocytosis and displayed a shift to a M2 phenotype. Furthermore, co‐incubation with apoptotic tumor cells resulted in an increase in gene expression of efferocytic markers TGFβ, MERTK and MFG‐E8. From a clinical perspective, patients with malignant PCa expressed higher levels of MFG‐E8, a known efferocytosis facilitator, while co‐localization of CD68+ cells and MFG‐E8 was significantly increased in malignant PCa tissue. Moreover, peripheral blood from patients with PCa bone metastasis showed significantly higher numbers of efferocytic CD68+ and CD14+16‐ monocytes, which significantly correlated with their PSA levels. Together, these results demonstrate that efferocytosis by bone‐derived macrophages elicits a pro‐tumorigenic response that is sufficient to support tumor growth. Moreover, PCa bone metastasis patients exhibit a high alternatively activated efferocytic monocyte population.Grant Funding Source: Supported by PO1CA093900‐10
All omega 3 fatty acids improve serum lipid profiles and decrease aortic plaque buildup in LDLr‐/‐ mice fed an atherogenic diet (40.1)
Authors: Pepper‐Yowell Amanda , Wang Shu , Byelashov Oleksandr , Sellers Matthew , Liang Rowdy , Ballou Michael 
Published: June 2021

Although the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on vascular disease markers have been well studied, the effect of docosapentaenoic acid omega‐3 (DPAn3) has been studied less. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of DPAn3, EPA, DHA, and commercial combinations of EPA, DPAn3, and DHA on serum lipid profiles and the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Male LDLr‐/‐ mice were assigned to one of six atherogenic (42% kcal from fat) dietary treatments (n=8) that had 3.5% of total fatty acids (FA) replaced with milk fat, DHA, DPAn3, EPA, or a commercial n3 fatty acid preparation. Blood samples were taken at 0, 10, and 20 weeks into the study; serum was isolated and probed for lipid classes and glucose. Aortic arches were harvested from all mice and total, free, and esterified cholesterol are reported. Serum lipid profiles and glucose in mice increased over the study, but supplementing n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased (P<0.05) serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations compared to the milk fat control. Mice supplemented with all n3 PUFA had decreased aortic total cholesterol (P<0.10) and cholesterol ester (P<0.05) compared to the control mice. The results of this study suggest that EPA, DPA, and DHA may equally (P>0.10) improve serum lipid profiles and decrease aortic plaque buildup in a mouse model prone to atherosclerosis.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Omega Protein Corporation
Effect of modifying the n‐3 and n‐6 content of the Total Western Diet on the acute inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in C57BL mice (40.2)
Authors: Xu Tao , Hintze Korry , Lefevre Michael , Ward Robert 
Published: June 2021

To objective of this study was to determine if physiologically relevant levels of omega‐6 (n6) and omega‐3 (n3) fatty acids in the Total Western Diet (TWD) affect the acute inflammatory response in C57 mice challenged with LPS. The TWD is a new rodent diet that was formulated to match the macronutrient and micronutrient intakes of Americans and is based on data collected in 2009‐2010 in NHANES. Thirty‐two mice were randomly assigned to one of four versions of the TWD differing in n6 and n3 content. Based on NHANES, a typical Western Diet contains 7% kcal from n6 and 0.7% kcal n3. The diets used in this 2 x 2 design reflected the 10th and 90th percentile of n6 and n3 intakes. All diets contained 34% kcal from fat with the following n6 and n3 compositions (all in kcal): HH (10.4% n6, 1.1% n3 (10:1 ratio)), HL (10.4% n6, 0.4% n3 (26:1 ratio)), LH (5.1% n6, 1.1% (5:1 ratio)) and LL (5.1% n6, 0.4% n3 (13:1)). After 28d mice were challenged with 10mg/kg of an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sacrificed after 24 h and plasma and tissues were collected. Fatty acids were measured in erythrocytes using gas chromatography and plasma cytokines were measured using a multiplexed bead assay. Mice fed the HH diet gained more 29% more weight than LH diet and 39% more than those fed the LL diet. The erythrocyte fatty acid profile indicated the LH group had significant more DHA and DPA than other diet groups, and higher EPA than HL and LL groups. Arachidonic acid, on the other hand, was not different between groups. Despite the differences in PUFA intakes there were no significant difference between the groups in the pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in plasma. According to these results, dietary n6 and n3 PUFA at intakes physiologically relevant to the US diet did not affect the acute inflammatory response to LPS.Grant Funding Source: USDA‐NIFA
Dietary patterns and plasma adipokines and inflammatory markers in healthy Chinese men (40.3)
Authors: Takata Yumie , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Villegas Raquel , Li Honglan , Yang Gong , Murff Harvey , Zheng Wei , Cai Qiuyin , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: June 2021

We investigated associations of dietary patterns with plasma levels of adipokines and inflammatory markers [i.e., adiponectin, resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)] in 3,636 non‐diabetic Chinese men who are participants of the Shanghai Men’s Health Study. Using the interviewer‐administered, validated food frequency questionnaire data, three dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis (i.e., “Vegetable”, “Fruit and Milk”, and “Meat” patterns). We evaluated the correlation of the dietary pattern scores with adipokines and inflammatory markers while adjusting for covariates. The mean age and body mass index of the participants were 50.9 years and 23.4 kg/m2, respectively. Nearly three‐quarters of the participants were current smokers. The Vegetable pattern was inversely correlated with resistin (r=‐0.04, P=0.02), but positively correlated with MCP‐1 (r=0.04, P=0.02). The Fruit and Milk pattern was inversely correlated with IL‐8 (r=‐0.07, P=0.0001), MCP‐1 (r=‐0.04, P=0.03) and PAI‐1 (r=‐0.05, P=0.003). The Meat pattern was positively correlated with MCP‐1 (r=0.04, P=0.03) and PAI‐1 (r=0.07, P=0.0001). Our study sheds light on potential biological mechanisms underlying the dietary patterns and chronic disease associations.Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA082729).
Synaptic selection by dopamine neurotransmission (468.3)
Authors: Sulzer David 
Published: June 2021

Electrophysiological and electrochemical recordings provide time resolution sufficient to measure quantal neurotransmission at CNS synapses, but do not resolve activity of individual synapses within populations. Modulation at the level of individual synapses, however, may be required in habit learning and decision making.We will discuss means to resolve the modulation of subgroups of individual synapses using fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFNs) that act as synaptic vesicle transporter substrates as well as endocytic probes. These optical approaches indicate not only presynaptic release probability and reuptake kinetics but also new forms of presynaptic plasticity, including the rapid movement of presynaptic release sites, and transfer between silent and active states. We will show how such selection of corticostriatal synapses by dopamine and cannabinoid might enable normal motor function.
Characterizing anemia due to malnutrition in roux‐en‐y gastric bypass surgery patients (47.8)
Authors: Wright Breanne , Gletsu‐Miller Nana 
Published: June 2021

Roux‐en‐y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is effective for weight loss, but is commonly associated with anemia. Anemia may be caused by decreased dietary intake and intestinal absorption of nutrients, and changes in systemic inflammation following surgery. Objectives were to investigate the nutritional causes of anemia within a RYGB cohort (anemia prevalence, 17%). Systemic concentrations of hemoglobin, ferritin, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), copper (Cu), vitamins B1, B6 and B12, folate, zinc (Zn), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were determined using reference methods. Iron deficiency equaled having 蠅 2 abnormalities in: ferritin, sTfR, sTfR:ferritin, or TIBC. Subjects (N=23) were female, age 51 ± 2 years, 6 ± 1 years post surgery, and 74% Caucasian. Anemia was most commonly associated with iron deficiency (34.8%), either in isolation (17.4%) or combined with other nutrient deficiencies (B6, B12 and/or Zn, 17.4%). 26.1% of anemia was explained by combinations of deficiencies in Zn, Cu, B12, B6, B1 or folate; none of these nutrients caused anemia in isolation. Inflammation accounted for 4.3% of anemia and 34.8% of anemia remained unexplained. This study supports iron deficiency as a leading cause of anemia in RYGB patients and highlights the role of several other nutrients, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive nutritional assessment following RYGB.Grant Funding Source: Supported by International Copper Association
Integrating instruction of population genetics and mathematics common core standards using Stella® (530.5)
Authors: Meystrik Jacob , Muller Bradley , West Lori , Mimbs Debra 
Published: June 2021

Increasing integration of mathematics and biological concepts is an area of intense focus in both secondary and higher education. Our goal was to develop a platform through which high school mathematics and biology instructors could collaborate with one another in order to demonstrate to their students the connectedness of the two disciplines. Our focus was to apply mathematics common core standards to biological phenomena. One strategy was to show how principles of mathematical modeling could be used to solve population genetics problems. In order to do so, we instructed teachers on how population genetics problems could be modeled and solved using the software, Stella®. We first taught instructors basic functions of the software and then demonstrated how Stella® could be used to answer problems in population genetics. Based on feedback from the instructors, we feel that this provided them with a unique experience that they will be able to use in their classrooms.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission
Role of EST2/ETV5 as transcription factors in the regulation of SHH by FGF (541.3)
Authors: Townsend Dominique , Brier‐Jones Justin , Pira Charmaine , Oberg Kerby 
Published: June 2021

During limb development, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) regulate the expression of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in the underlying posterior distal mesoderm. The molecules or pathways involved in the regulation of SHH by FGF are unknown. A recent study suggests that ETS and ETV, members of the ETS transcription factor family, are intermediate regulators in the Fgf to Shh cascade and directly interact with the limb‐specific Shh regulatory region in the murine limb model.To determine whether this was a conserved function of ETS/ETV transcription factors, we used the chick model and examined ETS2/ETV5 expression by in situ hybridization following ectopic application of FGF in the posterior limb bud, an assay known to induce SHH.ETV5 is expressed in the distal mesoderm sub‐adjacent to the AER and overlaps the SHH expression domain. ETS2 expression is most prominent in the developing chick zeugopod and appears to correlate with the condensing radius and ulna. The posterior expression of ETS2 is more robust than its anterior expression. Both factors show increased expression around ectopically applied FGF2‐laden beads at 24 hours after bead implantation.These data demonstrate expression patterns that spatially complement and overlap the SHH expression domain. Furthermore, both factors are upregulated by ectopic FGF prior to or coincident with SHH upregulation. These data support a role for ETS transcription factors in the regulation of SHH by FGF.