bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey: Data Release 1 blended spectra search for candidate strong gravitational lenses
Authors: Holwerda B W , Knabel S , Thorne J E , Bellstedt S , Siudek M , Davies L J M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Here, we present a catalogue of blended spectra in Data Release 1 of the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Of the 23 197 spectra, 181 showed signs of a blend of redshifts and spectral templates. We examine these blends in detail for signs of either a candidate strong lensing galaxy or a useful overlapping galaxy pair. One of the three DEVILS target fields, COSMOS (D10), is close to complete and it is fully imaged with Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys, and we visually examine the 57 blended spectra in this field in the F814W postage stamps. Nine are classical strong lensing candidates with an elliptical as the lens, out to higher redshifts than any previous search with spectroscopic surveys such as Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) or Galaxy And Mass Assembly. The gravitational lens candidate success rate is similar to earlier such searches (0.1 per cent). Strong gravitational lenses identified with blended spectroscopy have typically shown a high success rate (&gt;70 per cent), which make these interesting targets for future higher resolution lensing studies, monitoring for supernova cosmography, or searches for magnified atomic hydrogen signal.
A biophysical model for plant cell plate maturation based on the contribution of a spreading force
Authors: Jawaid Muhammad Zaki , Sinclair Rosalie , Bulone Vincent , Cox Daniel L , Drakakaki Georgia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plant cytokinesis, a fundamental process of plant life, involves de novo formation of a “cell plate” partitioning the cytoplasm of dividing cells. Cell plate formation is directed by orchestrated delivery, fusion of cytokinetic vesicles, and membrane maturation to form a nascent cell wall by timely deposition of polysaccharides. During cell plate maturation, the fragile membrane network transitions to a fenestrated sheet and finally a young cell wall. Here, we approximated cell plate sub-structures with testable shapes and adopted the Helfrich-free energy model for membranes, including a stabilizing and spreading force, to understand the transition from a vesicular network to a fenestrated sheet and mature cell plate. Regular cell plate development in the model was possible, with suitable bending modulus, for a two-dimensional late stage spreading force of 2–6 pN/nm, an osmotic pressure difference of 2–10 kPa, and spontaneous curvature between 0 and 0.04 nm−1. With these conditions, stable membrane conformation sizes and morphologies emerged in concordance with stages of cell plate development. To reach a mature cell plate, our model required the late-stage onset of a spreading/stabilizing force coupled with a concurrent loss of spontaneous curvature. Absence of a spreading/stabilizing force predicts failure of maturation. The proposed model provides a framework to interrogate different players in late cytokinesis and potentially other membrane networks that undergo such transitions. Callose, is a polysaccharide that accumulates transiently during cell plate maturation. Callose-related observations were consistent with the proposed model’s concept, suggesting that it is one of the factors involved in establishing the spreading force.
Administrative Burden: Untangling a Bowl of Conceptual Spaghetti
Authors: Baekgaard Martin , Tankink Tara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Administrative burdens in citizen-state interactions are increasingly gaining attention in both research and practice. However, being a relatively young research field, there is still considerable disagreement about how to conceptualize and measure administrative burdens. In particular, burdens are sometimes equated with what the state does, and other times with what target group members experience. We argue that such disagreement is a barrier for further theoretical development and has removed focus from studying the process in which state actions are converted into individual outcomes. We provide advice on how to conceptually bridge the gap between different conceptualizations of administrative burden and lay out a research agenda covering the next important theoretical and empirical steps based on such a shared understanding. We propose that developing the conceptual and empirical foundation of administrative burden research will help asking new and important research questions and building cumulative knowledge. To illustrate these points, we present a series of new research questions for future research to engage with.
Cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with first episode psychosis: a meta-analysis of psychoradiologic studies and replication in an independent sample
Authors: Wen Keren , Zhao Youjin , Gong Qiyong , Zhu Ziyu , Li Qian , Pan Nanfang , Fu Shiqin , Radua Joaquim , Vieta Eduard , Kumar Poornima , Kemp Graham J , Biswal Bharat B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Abnormalities of cortical thickness (CTh) in patients with their first episode psychosis (FEP) have been frequently reported, but findings are inconsistent.

Objective
To define the most consistent CTh changes in patients with FEP by meta-analysis of published whole-brain studies.

Methods
The meta-analysis used seed-based d mapping (SDM) software to obtain the most prominent regional CTh changes in FEP, and meta-regression analyses to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics. The meta-analysis results were verified in an independent sample of 142 FEP patients and 142 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs), using both a vertex-wise and a region of interest analysis, with multiple comparisons correction.

Results
The meta-analysis identified lower CTh in the right middle temporal cortex (MTC) extending to superior temporal cortex (STC), insula, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in FEP compared with HCs. No significant correlations were identified between CTh alterations and demographic or clinical variables. These results were replicated in the independent dataset analysis.

Conclusion
This study identifies a robust pattern of cortical abnormalities in FEP and extends understanding of gray matter abnormalities and pathological mechanisms in FEP.
Majorana neutrino masses by D-brane instanton effects in magnetized orbifold models
Authors: Hoshiya Kouki , Kikuchi Shota , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nasu Kaito , Uchida Hikaru , Uemura Shohei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study Majorana neutrino masses induced by D-brane instanton effects in magnetized orbifold models. We classify the possible cases where neutrino masses can be induced. Three and four generations are favored in order to generate neutrino masses by D-brane instantons. Explicit mass matrices have specific features. Their diagonalizing matrices correspond to the bimaximal mixing matrix in the case with even magnetic fluxes, independently of the modulus value τ. On the other hand, for odd magnetic fluxes, diagonalizing matrices correspond nearly to the tri-bimaximal mixing matrix near τ = i, while they become the bimaximal mixing matrix for larger ${\rm Im} \, \tau$. For even fluxes, neutrino masses are modular forms of weight 1 on $T^2/\mathbb {Z}_2$, and they have symmetries such as $S_4^{\prime }$ and ${\Delta ^{\prime }}(96)\times \mathbb {Z}_3$.
Corporate Transactions in Hard-to-Value Stocks
Authors: Ben-David Itzhak , Kim Byungwook , Moussawi Hala , Roulstone Darren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hard-to-value stocks provide opportunities for managers to exploit their informational advantage through trading on their firms’ and their own personal accounts. In contrast to the prediction that such transactions reflect private information about future events, they are contrarian and heavily depend on past returns. Corporate transactions in hard-to-value stocks outperform those in easy-to-value stocks in the early part of our sample, but this difference disappears after 2002, coinciding with a general decline in the profitability of stock market anomalies. Our evidence is consistent with managers’ perception of mispricing, rather than private information, being a key motivator of their transactions. (JEL G12, G14, G23, G32)
Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Hospitalized Persons with Chronic Foot and Lower Leg Wounds
Authors: Ozkan Sultan , Yilmaz Emel , Baydur Hakan , Ertugrul M. Bulent 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the factors affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic wounds.

METHODS
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital wound care unit in western Turkey with 134 patients. The data were collected via personal information form, Barthel Index for activities of daily living, visual analog scale, and Short Form-12 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis.

RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 60.4 ± 10.7 years; 79.9% of the research group had diabetic foot wounds, and 56.7% had wounds on their right/left big toe. The mean duration of wounds was 9.4 ± 11.4 months, and 68.7% had previously been hospitalized because of wounds. The average visual analog scale pain level was 3.5 ± 2.5, and 45.5% of the patients were PEDIS (perfusion, extent, depth, infection, and sensation) classification grade II. A positive correlation was detected between Short Form-12 physical summary score and activities of daily living score.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with chronic wounds have a poor quality of life. Patient quality of life decreases as pain and PEDIS score increase and increases with their level of independence.
Volumetric Evaluation of Dead Space in Ischial Pressure Injuries Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Series
Authors: Kim Dong Gyu , Park Eun Soo , Nam Seung Min , Cha Han Gyu , Choi Chang Yong 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To establish a preoperative evaluation procedure by measuring the volume of dead space using MRI in patients with ischial pressure injuries.

METHODS
Patients with spinal cord injury and ischial pressure injuries who underwent treatment between August 2016 and November 2019 were included in the study. Preoperative MRI scan was conducted on all patients. The volume estimation and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction were performed based on MRI data using a 3D Slicer. Based on the resulting volume, a muscle flap that could fit the dead space was selected. Surgery was performed with the selected muscle flap, and a fasciocutaneous flap was added, if necessary.

RESULTS
A total of eight patients with ischial pressure injuries were included in the study. The mean patient age was 59.0 ± 11.0 years. The mean body mass index was 26.62 ± 3.89 kg/m2. The mean volume of dead space was 104.75 ± 81.05 cm3. The gracilis muscle was the most selected muscle flap and was used in four patients. In five of eight cases, a fasciocutaneous flap was used as well. The mean follow-up period was 16 months, and by that point, none of the patients evinced complications that required surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on volumetric evaluation of dead space in ischial pressure injuries. The authors believe that the 3D reconstruction process would enable adequate dead space obliteration in ischial pressure injuries. The authors propose that preoperative MRI scans in patients with ischial pressure injury should become an essential part of the process.
Mechanism of Chronic Pain of Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis by Association of its Distribution, Nociceptive, Neuropathic, Nociplastic, or Mixed-pain Screening, and the Prevalence of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Miyamoto Shuichi , Iida Satoshi , Miyashita Tomohiro , Katou Kei , Kawarai Yuya , Nakamura Junichi , Orita Sumihisa , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The pain of hip osteoarthritis (OA) is generally recognized as nociceptive in origin because of the local pathology. However, some patients with OA experience a neuropathic pain component as an essential part of some nociplastic pain subtype. Here, we sought to examine the mechanism of chronic pain of symptomatic hip OA by the association of its distribution, complex pain mechanism screening, and the prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of 100 hips in 100 patients with symptomatic hip OA in a chronic state. We examined all baseline clinical characteristics including clinical and functional score, location of pain and numbness, and pain score (PainDETECT questionnaire and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs), and magnetic resonance imaging of the hip and lumbar spine.

Results:
The PainDETECT questionnaire and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs revealed that 23% of the patients had a neuropathic pain component. There were 24 variations of the pain pattern. By contrast, the pain localized around the hip joint was only 15%. Pain distal to the thigh and any numbness was significantly more frequent in the group with neuropathic pain (P<0.001). Lumbar spinal stenosis grade was not significantly different between patients with nociceptive pain and those with neuropathic pain. Pain score was significantly correlated with the pain in clinical and functional scores.

Discussion:
Among patients with symptomatic hip OA, the distribution of pain was various, and about 23% of patients had neuropathic, nociplastic, or mixed pain as a possibility for somatosensory system disturbances.
Dorsal Push and Abdominal Binding Improve Respiratory Compliance and Driving Pressure in Proned Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Elmufdi Firas S. , Marini John J. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES:
We describe seven proned patients with coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome in whom a paradoxical decrease in driving pressure reversibly occurred during passive, volume-controlled ventilation when compressing the lower back by a sustained “dorsal push.” We offer a potential explanation for these unexpected observations and suggest the possible importance of eliciting this response for lung-protective ventilation of similar patients.

DESIGN/SETTING:
Case series at a single teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Minnesota. Measurements were recorded from continuously monitored airway pressure and flow data.

PATIENTS:
Nonconsecutive and nonrandomized sample of coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients who were already prone and paralyzed for optimized lung protective clinical management while inhaling pure oxygen.

INTERVENTIONS:
Sustained, firm manual pressure applied over the lower back in all patients, followed by abdominal binding in a subset of these.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Respiratory system driving pressure declined and respiratory system compliance improved in seven patients with the dorsal push maneuver. In a subset of four of these, abdominal binding sustained those improvements over >3 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sustained compressive force applied to the dorsum of the passive and prone patient with severe respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease pneumonia may elicit a paradoxical response characterized by improved compliance and for a given tidal volume, lower plateau, and driving pressures. Such findings, which suggest end-tidal overinflation within the aerated part of the diseased lung despite the already compressed anterior chest wall of prone positioning, complement and extend those observations recently described for the supine position in coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Atrial Fibrillation Induced by Anticancer Drugs and Underling Mechanisms
Authors: Burashnikov Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Cancer therapy has made major progress in the past several decades, but treatments are often accompanied by significant side effects. Arrhythmias are a widespread complication of some antineoplastic drugs, with atrial fibrillation (AF) being the most often encountered drug-associated arrhythmia. Preexisting AF risk factors are commonly present in cancer patients who develop drug-associated AF, and active cancer itself may cause or promote AF. Although anticancer drugs may induce AF in cancer patients without AF risk factors, it appears that most drug-associated AF develop when cancer drugs add or aggravate precancer-existing and/or cancer-related pro-AF factors/alterations, additively or synergistically producing AF. Abnormalities in intracellular calcium activity seem to be involved in the generation of anticancer drug–induced AF. In cancer survivors with cancer therapy–induced cardiomyopathy, AF often occurs, with most of the arrhythmias likely to develop secondary to the cardiomyopathy. AF may lead to modification or even cessation of cancer therapy. The management of AF in patients with cancer is currently conducted largely based on pragmatic assumptions. This review briefly discusses AF caused by anticancer drugs and the underlying mechanisms.
Evaluating Breast Reconstruction Reviews Using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)
Authors: Yuan Morgan , Wu Jeremy , Austin Ryan E. , Hofer Stefan O.P. , Lista Frank , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Breast reconstruction is an important aspect in breast cancer treatment.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was performed. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that focused on breast reconstruction and were published between 2000 and 2020 were included. Quality assessment was performed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Study characteristics were extracted, including journal and impact factor, year of publication, country affiliation, reporting adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, number of citations, and number of studies included.

Results:
The average AMSTAR score was moderate (5.32). There was a significant increase in AMSTAR score (P < 0.01) and number of studies (P < 0.01) over time. There were no significant correlations between AMSTAR score and impact factor (P = 0.038), and AMSTAR score and number of citations (P = 0.52), but there was a significant association between AMSTAR score and number of studies (P = 0.013). Studies that adhered to the PRISMA statement had a higher AMSTAR score on average (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses about breast reconstruction had, on average, a moderate AMSTAR score. The number of studies and methodological quality have increased over time. Study characteristics including adherence to PRISMA guidelines are associated with improved methodological quality. Further improvements in specific AMSTAR domains would improve the overall methodological quality.
Percolation of temporal hierarchical mobility networks during COVID-19
Authors: He Haoyu , Deng Hengfang , Wang Qi , Gao Jianxi 
Published: November 2021

Percolation theory is essential for understanding disease transmission patterns on the temporal mobility networks. However, the traditional approach of the percolation process can be inefficient when analysing a large-scale, dynamic network for an extended period. Not only is it time-consuming but it is also hard to identify the connected components. Recent studies demonstrate that spatial containers restrict mobility behaviour, described by a hierarchical topology of mobility networks. Here, we leverage crowd-sourced, large-scale human mobility data to construct temporal hierarchical networks composed of over 175 000 block groups in the USA. Each daily network contains mobility between block groups within a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and long-distance travels across the MSAs. We examine percolation on both levels and demonstrate the changes of network metrics and the connected components under the influence of COVID-19. The research reveals the presence of functional subunits even with high thresholds of mobility. Finally, we locate a set of recurrent critical links that divide components resulting in the separation of core MSAs. Our findings provide novel insights into understanding the dynamical community structure of mobility networks during disruptions and could contribute to more effective infectious disease control at multiple scales.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance’.
On some fundamental challenges in monitoring epidemics
Authors: Vasiliauskaite Vaiva , Antulov-Fantulin Nino , Helbing Dirk 
Published: November 2021

Epidemic models often reflect characteristic features of infectious spreading processes by coupled nonlinear differential equations considering different states of health (such as susceptible, infectious or recovered). This compartmental modelling approach, however, delivers an incomplete picture of the dynamics of epidemics, as it neglects stochastic and network effects, and the role of the measurement process, on which the estimation of epidemiological parameters and incidence values relies. In order to study the related issues, we combine established epidemiological spreading models with a measurement model of the testing process, considering the problems of false positives and false negatives as well as biased sampling. Studying a model-generated ground truth in conjunction with simulated observation processes (virtual measurements) allows one to gain insights into the fundamental limitations of purely data-driven methods when assessing the epidemic situation. We conclude that epidemic monitoring, simulation, and forecasting are wicked problems, as applying a conventional data-driven approach to a complex system with nonlinear dynamics, network effects and uncertainty can be misleading. Nevertheless, some of the errors can be corrected for, using scientific knowledge of the spreading dynamics and the measurement process. We conclude that such corrections should generally be part of epidemic monitoring, modelling and forecasting efforts.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance’.
A statistical model of COVID-19 testing in populations: effects of sampling bias and testing errors
Authors: Böttcher Lucas , D'Orsogna Maria R. , Chou Tom 
Published: November 2021

We develop a statistical model for the testing of disease prevalence in a population. The model assumes a binary test result, positive or negative, but allows for biases in sample selection and both type I (false positive) and type II (false negative) testing errors. Our model also incorporates multiple test types and is able to distinguish between retesting and exclusion after testing. Our quantitative framework allows us to directly interpret testing results as a function of errors and biases. By applying our testing model to COVID-19 testing data and actual case data from specific jurisdictions, we are able to estimate and provide uncertainty quantification of indices that are crucial in a pandemic, such as disease prevalence and fatality ratios.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data science approach to infectious disease surveillance’.