bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open effective theory of scalar field in rotating plasma
Authors: Chakrabarty Bidisha , Aswin P. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the effective dynamics of an open scalar field interacting with a strongly-coupled two-dimensional rotating CFT plasma. The effective theory is determined by the real-time correlation functions of the thermal plasma. We employ holographic Schwinger-Keldysh path integral techniques to compute the effective theory. The quadratic effective theory computed using holography leads to the linear Langevin dynamics with rotation. The noise and dissipation terms in this equation get related by the fluctuation-dissipation relation in presence of chemical potential due to angular momentum. We further compute higher order terms in the effective theory of the open scalar field. At quartic order, we explicitly compute the coefficient functions that appear in front of various terms in the effective action in the limit when the background plasma is slowly rotating. The higher order effective theory has a description in terms of the non-linear Langevin equation with non-Gaussianity in the thermal noise.
Entwicklung und Validierung einer Checkliste zur Bewertung von Videos zum Erlernen von Reanimationsmaßnahmen
Authors: Sterz J. , Tückmantel P. R. , Bepler L. , Stefanescu M. C. , Gramlich Y. , Flinspach A. , Rüsseler M. 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gut durchgeführte Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen können bei einem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand das Outcome verbessern. Um praktische Fähigkeiten zu erlernen, greifen Medizinstudierende oft auf Lehrvideos zurück. Studien zeigen jedoch häufig eine unzureichende Qualität der im Internet zur Verfügung gestellten Videos zu Reanimationsmaßnahmen. Eine Bewertung anhand einer validierten, auf den aktuellen „guidelines“ basierten Checkliste fehlt bisher.

Ziel der Arbeit
Entwicklung und Validierung einer Checkliste zur Bewertung von Lehrvideos zur Reanimation.

Material und Methoden
In einem Expertenworkshop erfolgte basierend auf den aktuellen „guidelines“ die Formulierung der Checklistenitems. Die Checkliste wurde in einem vierstufigen Reviewprozess von Notärzten getestet. Die Bewertungen wurden analysiert und die Items angepasst und spezifiziert.
Nach dem Reviewprozess wurde die Checkliste an 74 Videos zur Reanimation angewendet.

Ergebnisse
Die Checkliste umfasst 25 Items in vier Kategorien (initiale Maßnahmen, Thoraxkompression, AED-Nutzung, Atmung), die auf einer 3‑stufigen Likert-Skala bewertet werden. 16 NotärztInnen nahmen an der Studie teil. Sie bewerteten jeweils durchschnittlich 9,3 ± 5,7 Videos. Die Reviewer stimmten in 65,1 ± 12,6 % der Fälle überein. Die höchsten Übereinstimmungen wurden im Unterthema AED erzielt, das Item „Beim Schock Patienten nicht berühren“ wies die höchste Übereinstimmung auf. Die Items der Kategorie Thoraxkompression wurden am häufigsten unterschiedlich bewertet.

Diskussion
Es konnte erstmalig für den deutschsprachigen Raum eine Checkliste zur Bewertung von Lehrvideos zur Reanimation erstellt und validiert werden.
Sphincter damage during fistulotomy for perianal fistulae and its relationship with faecal incontinence
Authors: García-Botello Stephanie , Garcés-Albir Marina , Espi-Macías Alejandro , Moro-Valdezate David , Pla-Martí Vicente , Martín-Arevalo Jose , Ortega-Serrano Joaquín 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The length of sphincter which can be divided during fistulotomy for perianal fistula is unclear. The aim was to quantify sphincter damage during fistulotomy and determine the relationship between such damage with symptoms and severity of faecal incontinence and long-term quality of life (QOL).

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed over a 2-year period. Patients with intersphincteric and mid to low transsphincteric perianal fistulas without risk factors for faecal incontinence were scheduled for fistulotomy. All patients underwent 3D endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) pre-operatively and 8 weeks postoperatively. Measurements were taken of pre- and postoperative anal sphincter involvement and division. Anal continence was assessed using the Jorge-Wexner scale and QOL scores pre, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results
Forty-nine patients were selected. A strong correlation between pre- and postoperative measurements was found p < 0.001. A median length of 41% of the external anal sphincter and 32% of the internal anal sphincter was divided during fistulotomy. Significant differences in mild symptoms of anal continence were found with increasing length of external anal sphincter division. But there was no significant deterioration in continence, soiling, or quality of life scores at the 1-year follow-up. Division of over two-thirds of the external anal sphincter was associated with the highest incontinence rates.

Conclusions
3D-EAUS is a valuable tool for quantifying the extent of sphincter involvement pre- and postoperatively. Post-fistulotomy faecal incontinence is mild and increases with increasing length of sphincter division but does not affect long-term quality of life.
Fully-coupled micro–macro finite element simulations of the Nakajima test using parallel computational homogenization
Authors: Klawonn Axel , Lanser Martin , Rheinbach Oliver , Uran Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Nakajima test is a well-known material test from the steel and metal industry to determine the forming limit of sheet metal. It is demonstrated how FE2TI, our highly parallel scalable implementation of the computational homogenization method FE$$^2$$

2

, can be used for the simulation of the Nakajima test. In this test, a sample sheet geometry is clamped between a blank holder and a die. Then, a hemispherical punch is driven into the specimen until material failure occurs. For the simulation of the Nakajima test, our software package FE2TI has been enhanced with a frictionless contact formulation on the macroscopic level using the penalty method. The appropriate choice of suitable boundary conditions as well as the influence of symmetry assumptions regarding the symmetric test setup are discussed. In order to be able to solve larger macroscopic problems more efficiently, the balancing domain decomposition by constraints (BDDC) approach has been implemented on the macroscopic level as an alternative to a sparse direct solver. To improve the computational efficiency of FE2TI even further, additionally, an adaptive load step approach has been implemented and different extrapolation strategies are compared. Both strategies yield a significant reduction of the overall computing time. Furthermore, a strategy to dynamically increase the penalty parameter is presented which allows to resolve the contact conditions more accurately without increasing the overall computing time too much. Numerically computed forming limit diagrams based on virtual Nakajima tests are presented.
Trends of epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China, 2009–2018
Authors: Hao Dingjun , Du Jinpeng , Yan Liang , He Baorong , Qi Xiao , Yu Shicheng , Zhang Jiaojiao , Zheng Wenjing , Zhang Rongqiang , Huang Da-Geng , Yang Junsong , Zhu Ming , Ouyang Jiawei , Zhao He , Ding Keyuan , Shi Haodong , Cao Yang , Zhang Ying , Tang Qinghua , Liu Yuan , Zhang Zilong , Wang Yuhang , Tian Ye , Chen Hao , Bai Lulu , Li Heng , Mu Chenchen , Wang Youhan , Wang Xiaohui , Jiang Chao , Lin Jianhua , Lin Bin , Fan Shunwu , Nie Lin , Song Jiefu , Ma Xun , Shao Zengwu , Gao Yanzheng , Guan Zhong , Song Yueming , Ma Weihu , Chen Qixin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
We focus on providing the first comprehensive national dataset on the incidence, injury aetiology and mortality of TSCI in China.

Methods
A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. We included TSCI cases from all hospitals in three regions, nine provinces and 27 cities in China via search of electronic medical records and retrospectively analysed the characteristics of TSCI in China from 2009 to 2018. We estimated the incidence of TSCI in the total population and subgroups.

Results
There were 5954 actual cases in 2009, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 45.1 cases per million population (95% CI, 44.0–46.3). There were 10,074 actual cases in 2018, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 66.5 cases per million population (95% CI, 65.2–67.8) (P < 0.001; annual average percentage change (AAPC), 4.4%). From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of almost all sex/age groups showed an increasing trend over time (P < 0.001; AAPC, 0.7–8.8%). The elderly population (aged 65–74) displayed the highest incidence of TSCI (with an average annual incidence of 127.1 cases per million [95% CI, 119.8–134.3]).

Conclusions
The TSCI incidence increased significantly from 2009 to 2018. The incidence in the elderly populations was consistently high and continues to increase over time. The mortality of TSCI patients in hospitals is relatively low and continues to decrease each year, but elderly individuals remain at a high risk of hospital death.
Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: different non-crop habitats increase diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) but support different communities
Authors: Rischen Tamara , Frenzel Tobias , Fischer Klaus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAgricultural intensification poses a major threat to the conservation of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Since non-crop habitats are regarded as important refuges for farmland biodiversity, various greening measures have been proposed to halt biodiversity loss. However, the effectiveness of these measures for biodiversity conservation is still under debate. Therefore, we here compared ground-dwelling beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages of different non-crop habitats (field margins, set-aside fields sown with wildflowers, and permanent grassland fallows) and wheat fields within an intensively used agricultural landscape in western Germany. Taxonomic diversity of Carabidae, Staphylinidae and other coleopteran families and their conservation value were higher in all non-crop habitats than on wheat fields. Surprisingly, though, different types of non-crop habitats did not differ in species richness or the number of threatened species. Thus, field margins and sown wildflower fields were as effective in promoting beetle diversity as grassland fallows. However, different non-crop habitats supported different species assemblages, and several species, in particular especially large ones, were restricted to grassland fallows. These results suggest that different greening measures are effective in promoting the biodiversity of beetles, and that permanent grassland fallows are essential for nature conservation. The fact that habitat types harbored different assemblages stresses the need to combine a variety of greening measures to yield the highest benefit for biodiversity.
From relational equality to personal responsibility
Authors: Schmidt Andreas T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to relational egalitarians, equality is not primarily about the distribution of some good but about people relating to one another as equals. However, compared with other theorists in political philosophy – including other egalitarians – relational egalitarians have said relatively little on what role personal responsibility should play in their theories. For example, is equality compatible with responsibility? Should economic distributions be responsibility-sensitive? This article fills this gap. I develop a relational egalitarian framework for personal responsibility and show that relational equality commits us to responsibility. I develop two sets of arguments. First, I draw on relational theories of moral responsibility – particularly Strawsonian views – to show that valuable egalitarian relationships require responsibility. Second, I show why relational equality sometimes requires that economic distributions be sensitive to responsibility and choice. I also defend a seemingly paradoxical result: being committed to responsibility, relational egalitarianism not only justifies some distributive inequalities but some relational inequalities too. Overall, relational egalitarianism gives a nuanced and coherent answer as to why and how responsibility matters from within egalitarianism. That it does should be an important argument in its favour.
No Longer Out of Sight, No Longer Out of Mind? How Organizations Engage with Process Mining-Induced Transparency to Achieve Increased Process Awareness
Authors: Eggers Julia , Hein Andreas , Böhm Markus , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, process mining has emerged as the leading big data technology for business process analysis. By extracting knowledge from event logs in information systems, process mining provides unprecedented transparency of business processes while being independent of the source system. However, despite its practical relevance, there is still a limited understanding of how organizations act upon the pervasive transparency created by process mining and how they leverage it to benefit from increased process awareness. Addressing this gap, this study conducts a multiple case study to explore how four organizations achieved increased process awareness by using process mining. Drawing on data from 24 semi-structured interviews and archival sources, this study reveals seven sociotechnical mechanisms based on process mining that enable organizations to create either standardized or shared awareness of sub-processes, end-to-end processes, and the firm’s process landscape. Thereby, this study contributes to research on business process management by revealing how process mining facilitates mechanisms that serve as a new, data-driven way of creating process awareness. In addition, the findings indicate that these mechanisms are influenced by the governance approach chosen to conduct process mining, i.e., a top-down or bottom-up driven implementation approach. Last, this study also points to the importance of balancing the social complications of increased process transparency and awareness. These results serve as a valuable starting point for practitioners to reflect on measures to increase organizational process awareness through process mining.
Correction to: The nucleocapsid protein of rice stripe virus in cell nuclei of vector insect regulates viral replication
Authors: Zhao Wan , Zhu Junjie , Lu Hong , Zhu Jiaming , Jiang Fei , Wang Wei , Luo Lan , Kang Le , Cui Feng 
Published: September 2021

In the original publication of the article Fig. 3A and Fig. 33B were incorrectly published. The correct figures are available in this correction.
Preparation and wear properties of high-vanadium alloy composite layer
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Xu Liujie , Wei Shizhong , Wang Xi , Chen Chong , Zhou Yucheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA high-vanadium alloy composite layer was prepared on the surface of a carbon steel using cast composite technology, and the wear properties of the composite layer were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the composite layer was composed of primary vanadium carbides (VC), flake martensite, residual austenite, and fine VC. The hardness of the cast alloy layer was 63 HRC. The abrasive wear resistance and impact wear resistance were increased by 60% and 26%, respectively, compared with those of high-chromium cast iron. The excellent wear resistance of the cast alloy layer is attributed to the high-hardness primary vanadium carbide and the large number of fine secondary vanadium carbides precipitated out of the cast alloy layer.
Christ's representation of sinners in Hans Urs von Balthasar and Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Chu Zane E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn his dramatic approach to the redemption, Balthasar takes seriously Christ's exchange of places with sinners. Christ upon the cross takes on sin itself, and not only its consequences, while remaining innocent. Balthasar critiques Aquinas for maintaining that Christ accepts only the consequences or punishments of sin. Aquinas strictly distinguishes between guilt and punishment, with Christ accepting only the latter out of charity to make satisfaction for sin. I argue that Balthasar does not get beyond Aquinas’ distinction between guilt and punishment but dramatises it for a more dynamic representation of the seriousness of sin and its redemption.
Another nature of doctrine: George Lindbeck, Kathryn Tanner and Christian identities
Authors: Watson Ed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTheorists such as Stuart Hall have problematised the idea that identity is something that remains essentially the same across time. Since doctrine has been cast as that which safeguards Christian identity, this provokes the question: what role can doctrine play if this is the case? Critiquing George Lindbeck's The Nature of Doctrine in light of Kathryn Tanner's work on rules suggests that doctrine cannot regulate, constitute or generate the necessary conditions for Christian identity. Doctrine can, however, still play a role in generating Christian meaning without regulating identity by determining how concepts are formed in Christian community.
Characterizing Unexpectedly Localized Slowing of the Thermospheric Cross‐Polar Jet of Neutral Wind Over Alaska in the Midnight Sector
Authors: Itani R. , Conde M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have measured auroral zone thermospheric neutral winds in the midnight local time sector, using ground‐based optical Doppler spectroscopy of the 630.0 nm emission from atomic oxygen, originating at around 240 km altitude over Alaska. One of the most prominent features seen in winds at these latitudes is the cross‐polar jet emerging from the polar cap at local times around magnetic midnight. The standard view is that wind flows anti‐sunward in the midnight sector and spills equatorward over magnetic latitudes extending well below those of the auroral zone. The purpose of this paper is to show that this view is too simplistic. From our observatory at Poker Flat, Alaska (∼N), the anti‐sunward flow is frequently seen to stall over surprisingly short horizontal distances (100–200 km), without spilling further equatorward. This behavior is most prevalent during a low solar activity at mid‐winter when the combination of pressure gradient established by solar heating and the ion drag is not enough to allow the jet to push through the background atmosphere on the nightside. At higher latitudes, by contrast, the flow is relatively uniformly anti‐sunward around magnetic midnight even during quiet conditions. During periods of high solar and magnetic activity, the expected spilling of the midnight sector cross‐polar jet to lower latitudes often is indeed observed over Alaska. Our observation of abrupt stalling during quiet solar and geomagnetic conditions is a very significant difference from the model predictions, with potentially important ramifications‐ which is the motivation for the present study.
DNA methylation affects photoperiodic tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by mediating the expression of genes related to the photoperiod and GA pathways
Authors: Ai Yanjun , Jing Shenglin , Cheng Zhengnan , Song Botao , Xie Conghua , Liu Jun , Zhou Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOvercoming short-day-dependent tuberization to adapt to long-day conditions is critical for the widespread geographical success of potato. The genetic pathways of photoperiodic tuberization are similar to those of photoperiodic flowering. DNA methylation plays an important role in photoperiodic flowering. However, little is known about how DNA methylation affects photoperiodic tuberization in potato. Here, we verified the effect of a DNA methylation inhibitor on photoperiodic tuberization and compared the DNA methylation levels and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the photoperiodic tuberization process between photoperiod-sensitive and photoperiod-insensitive genotypes, aiming to dissect the role of DNA methylation in the photoperiodic tuberization of potato. We found that a DNA methylation inhibitor could promote tuber initiation in strict short-day genotypes. Whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing showed that the photoperiod-sensitive and photoperiod-insensitive genotypes had distinct DNA methylation modes in which few differentially methylated genes were shared. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the DNA methylation inhibitor regulated the expression of the key genes involved in the photoperiod and GA pathways to promote tuber initiation in the photoperiod-sensitive genotype. Comparison of the DNA methylation levels and transcriptome levels identified 52 candidate genes regulated by DNA methylation that were predicted to be involved in photoperiodic tuberization. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding the relationship between photoperiod-dependent and GA-regulated tuberization. Uncovering the epigenomic signatures of these pathways will greatly enhance potato breeding for adaptation to a wide range of environments.
Multiple hominin dispersals into Southwest Asia over the past 400,000 years
Authors: Groucutt Huw S. , White Tom S. , Scerri Eleanor M. L. , Andrieux Eric , Clark-Wilson Richard , Breeze Paul S. , Armitage Simon J. , Stewart Mathew , Drake Nick , Louys Julien , Price Gilbert J. , Duval Mathieu , Parton Ash , Candy Ian , Carleton W. Christopher , Shipton Ceri , Jennings Richard P. , Zahir Muhammad , Blinkhorn James , Blockley Simon , Al-Omari Abdulaziz , Alsharekh Abdullah M. , Petraglia Michael D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPleistocene hominin dispersals out of, and back into, Africa necessarily involved traversing the diverse and often challenging environments of Southwest Asia1–4. Archaeological and palaeontological records from the Levantine woodland zone document major biological and cultural shifts, such as alternating occupations by Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. However, Late Quaternary cultural, biological and environmental records from the vast arid zone that constitutes most of Southwest Asia remain scarce, limiting regional-scale insights into changes in hominin demography and behaviour1,2,5. Here we report a series of dated palaeolake sequences, associated with stone tool assemblages and vertebrate fossils, from the Khall Amayshan 4 and Jubbah basins in the Nefud Desert. These findings, including the oldest dated hominin occupations in Arabia, reveal at least five hominin expansions into the Arabian interior, coinciding with brief ‘green’ windows of reduced aridity approximately 400, 300, 200, 130–75 and 55 thousand years ago. Each occupation phase is characterized by a distinct form of material culture, indicating colonization by diverse hominin groups, and a lack of long-term Southwest Asian population continuity. Within a general pattern of African and Eurasian hominin groups being separated by Pleistocene Saharo-Arabian aridity, our findings reveal the tempo and character of climatically modulated windows for dispersal and admixture.