bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Long term Temperature and Precipitation Trends Assessment in the state of Qatar and its Implication to Energy Water and Food Nexus
Authors: Tareq Al-Ansari , Rajesh Govindan , Bilal Hazrat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Climate change is one of the most severe global challenges of the present generation. Variations in temperature and precipitation can seriously affect water energy, water and food (EWF) security. Assessment of the ground-based observation of the climatic parameters such as temperature and precipitation are vital for the overall decision-making process concerning energy, water and food security. In this study, temperature and precipitation data is investigated using the Mann Kendall, Pettitt and Watson tests and inter-annual variability assessment. Long-term temperature data indicates that the annual and seasonal temperature has increased significantly between 1987 and 2016. The mean temperature has increased by 1.02 ℃ over the period of observation. In contrast, the study determines that precipitation during the period of observation decreased by -12.6 mm. However, this decreasing trend is not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total monthly precipitation is observed to be decreasing during the winter (December-January-February-DJF) while increasing in spring (March-April-May-MAM), summer (June-July-August-JJA) and autumn (September-October-November-SON). Despite the observed increases in the seasonal temperature during JJA, MAM and SON, the decreasing trend in winter precipitation is of more concern as most of the rainfall is received during DJF. These results have serious implications for EWF resources and the ‘nexus’ between them. Such integrated resource management approaches not only lower the risks of a one-dimensional decision-making process, it can also identify interdependencies, synergies, and trade-offs amongst the EWF sectors. As an outcome of the calculated trends, this study recommends measures to improve the overall resilience of EWF sectors and to adapt and mitigate the negative consequences of the changing climate faced by these sectors.
Influence of Brain Atrophy using Semi-quantitative Analysis in [123I ]FP-CIT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Authors: Nosaka Hiroki , Onoguchi Masahisa , Suda Masaya , Tsushima Hiroyuki , Kurata Satoshi , Onoma Ayano , Murakawa Ryosuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The specific binding ratio (SBR), an objective indicator of N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I] iodophenyl) nortropane ([123I]FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could be used for the diagnosis of Parkinson' disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. One of the problems of SBR analysis is the setting position of the volume of interest (VOI) might contain cerebral ventricles and cerebral groove. These areas become prominent in analysis with brain atrophy, however these studies have not been done sufficiently. Results We examined the influence of brain atrophy in SBR analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. The brain atrophy model (BAM) which set the simulate of brain atrophy to 5 stages was prepared using morphological operation. Projection data was created based on BAM, and SPECT reconstruction was carried out. The counts of striatal VOI decreased as brain atrophy progresses. Similarly, the counts of the reference VOI also decreased as brain atrophy progressed. In the striatal VOI counts and the reference VOI counts, the reference VOI counts was more affected by brain atrophy than striatal VOI counts. The SBR calculated from these values was overestimated as brain atrophy progresses. Conclusions It was suggested that the SBR could be overestimated in the secular change of the case in which brain atrophy advanced.
The Within-Population Formation of the Upper Range Limit in a Songbird
Authors: Grüebler Martin , Hirschheydt Johann von , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The formation of the upper distributional range limit of species at mountain slopes is often based on environmental gradients resulting in changing demographic rates towards high elevations. However, we still lack an empiric understanding of how the interplay of demographic parameters forms the upper range limit in highly mobile species. Here, we study apparent survival and within-study area dispersal over a 700 m elevational gradient in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) by using 15 years of capture-mark-recapture data. Annual apparent survival of adult breeding birds decreased while breeding dispersal probability of adult females, but not males increased towards the upper range limit. Individuals at high elevations dispersed to farms situated at lower elevations than would be expected by random dispersal. These results suggest higher turn-over rates of breeding individuals at high elevations, an elevational increase in immigration and thus, within-population source-sink dynamics between low and high elevations. The formation of the upper range limit therefore is based on preference for low-elevation breeding sites and immigration to high elevations. Thus, shifts of the upper range limit are not only affected by changes in the quality of high-elevation habitats but also by factors affecting the number of immigrants produced at low elevations.
Why energy lossless ferromagnetic materials can add energy losses onto type-II superconductors?
Authors: Ruiz Harold , Fareed Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding the physical coupling between the macroscopic electromagnetic properties of type II superconductors (SC) and soft ferromagnetic materials (SFM), is root for progressing onto the application of SC-SFM metastructures in scenarios such as magnetic cloaking, magnetic shielding, and loss free current transmission systems. However, in the latter case understanding the origin of the rise in the hysteresis losses of the superconductor by effect of the coupling with the SFM has historically resulted in a notable challenge, it because this rise in the AC losses is simply counterintuitive due to the fact that the SFM itself does not add magnetization losses to the system and furthermore, there is no evidence of electrical current sharing between these two materials. Thus, aimed to resolve this long-standing problem, in this paper, we present a semi-analytical model for monocore SC-SFM heterostructures of cylindrical cross-section and self-field conditions, showing the first known map of AC-losses for SC-SFM magnetically shielded wires, with magnetic relative permeabilities for the SFM ranging from mur=5 (NiZn ferrites) to mur =350000 (pure Iron). The distribution of current density and magnetic field inside the SC-SFM metastructure is shown in great detail, revealing a remarkable agreement with the intriguing magneto optical imaging observations that were originally questioning the validness of the critical state theory. In this sense, we have extended the critical state theory within its variational formalism, incorporating a multipole functional approach which allows the direct finding of the coupling terms between a SC current and a SFM sheath, proving that all reported phenomena for the self-filed hysteretic behavior of SC-SFM heterostructures can be understood within the classical critical state model without the need to recur to the ansatz of overcritical currents.
A Questionnaire-Based Survey to Assess the Timing of Intubation in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Authors: Samal Samir , Mishra Shakti Bedanta , Patra E Shantanu Kumar , Kasimahanti Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMany COVID19 pneumonia patients progress to Acute respiratory distress syndrome and end up in Intensive Care Units. Given that it is a novel viral infection, the progress of the disease, its management and associated outcomes are yet to be studied in detail. ARDS associated with COVID 19 is the same as before or different and the timing of intubation in such patients is a topic up for debate. This survey aimed to assess the opinion regarding management of COVID 19 ARDS and the timing of intubation in those patients.Methods292 clinicians including anesthesiologists, intensivists and others involved in managing COVID 19 ARDS patients at various centres were surveyed with web-based questionnaire cross sectionally within the time period of 10th June 2020 to 31st August 2020 after taking prior consent. Their responses were recorded and analyzed with statistical software IBM SPSS version 25.0.Results Among 292 included participants, 172 were intensivist, 84 were anesthesiologists and rest were others. Most of the intensivists (51.2%) had seen more than 100 COVID 19 severe ARDS patients. Around 82% of clinicians were agreed that COVID 19 ARDS was different from another form of ARDS. 67.1% of participants were agreed with patient induced self-inflicted injury could have happened in this disease. Likewise, around 91.8% of doctors involved in managing patients were believed that HFNC could be helpful if there were falling of saturation. 37% of participants were not agreed with early intubation, which may increase the risk of mortality and nosocomial infections.Conclusions and RelevanceThere was confusion in most doctors with intubation timing even if there was an indication for intubation. These confusions may be due to non-availability of specific recommendation regarding intubation in COVID 19 severe ARDS patients. However, most of the literature recommended for early intubation in these patients when indicated.
Effects of Rewarming with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Restore Oxygen Transport and Organ Blood Flow After Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest in a Porcine Model.
Authors: Nilsen Jan Harald , Schanche Torstein , Valkov Sergei , Mohyuddin Rizwan , Haaheim Brage , Kondratiev Timofei V , Næsheim Torvind , Sieck Gary C , Tveita Torkjel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We recently documented that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for hypothermic cardiac arrest maintains cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) to the same reduced level during normothermia (38°C) vs. hypothermia (27°C). Furthermore, continuous CPR at 27°C maintains CO and MAP throughout a 3-h period, and provides O2 delivery to support aerobic metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) rewarming to restore O2 delivery and organ blood flow. Methods: Eight male pigs were anesthetized and immersion cooled to 27°C. After induction of hypothermic cardiac arrest, CPR was started and continued for a 3-h period. Thereafter, the animals were rewarmed with ECMO. Organ blood flow was measured using microspheres. Results: After cooling with spontaneous circulation to 27°C, MAP and CO were initially reduced to 66 and 44% of baseline, respectively. By 15 min after the onset of CPR, there was a further reduction in MAP and CO to 42 and 25% of baseline, respectively, which remained unchanged throughout the rest of 3-h CPR. During CPR, O2 delivery and O2 uptake (V̇O2) fell to critical low levels, but the simultaneous small increase in lactate and a modest reduction in pH, indicated the presence of maintained aerobic metabolism. Rewarming with ECMO restored MAP, CO, O2 delivery, and blood flow to the heart and to parts of the brain, whereas flow to kidneys, stomach, liver and spleen remained significantly reduced. Conclusions: CPR for 3-h at 27°C with sustained lower levels of CO and MAP and maintained aerobic metabolism sufficient to support O2 delivery. Rewarming with ECMO restores blood flow to the heart and brain, and creates a “shockable” cardiac rhythm. Thus, like continuous CPR, ECMO rewarming plays a crucial role in “the chain of survival” when resuscitating victims of hypothermic cardiac arrest.
Wheel Setting Error Modelling and Compensation for Arc Envelope Grinding of Large-aperture Aspherical Optics
Authors: Li Changsheng , Sun Lin , Chen Zhaoxiang , Chen Jianfang , Lin Qijing , Ding Jianjun , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Precision grinding is the key process to meet the heavy demands of large-aperture aspherical optical elements in the fields of laser nuclear fusion devices, large-aperture astronomical telescopes and high-resolution space cameras. In this study, the arc envelope grinding process of large-aperture aspherical optics was investigated using the CM1500 precision grinding machine with a maximum machinable diameter of Φ1500 mm. The analytical form error models of aspherical workpiece induced by wheel setting errors were established for both parallel grinding and cross grinding. Result show that the form error is much more sensitive to the wheel setting error along the feed direction than that along the lateral direction. It is a bilinear function of the feed-direction wheel setting error and the distance to optical axis. Based on the above analysis, a method to determine the wheel setting error is proposed. The grinding tests were then performed with the wheel accurately aligned. By using a newly proposed partial error compensation method with an appropriate compensation factor, a form error of 3.4 µm PV for a Φ400 mm elliptical K9 glass surface was achieved.
Significance of Detecting the Levels of miR-29a, Survivin and Igras in Patients With Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis
Authors: sun lijuan , Li Hongyun , Fu Qun , Hu Shuangmin , Zhao Wenfei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:When lung cancer is combined with tuberculosis at the same time, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed. The purpose of this article is to provide reference for patients with lung cancer complicated by active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods:The concentration of survivin in diseased tissue and miR-29a and IGRAs in serum in 25 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) complicated by active pulmonary tuberculosis (APT) and 32 patients with NSCLC and 30 patients with APT were measured. Results:The expressions of miR-29a in serum of the APT group were higher than those of the NSCLC complicated by APT group and the NSCLC group (p<0.05). The expressions of survivin in diseased tissue of the NSCLC complicated by APT group and the NSCLC group were higher than those of the APT group (p<0.05).The expression level of IGRAs in serum of the NSCLC complicated by APT group and the APT group was higher than those of the NSCLC group (p<0.05), the expression level of IGRAs in serum of the NSCLC complicated by APT group was higher than the APT group. Conclusion:We should be on guard against patients with APT complicated by lung cancer, when miR-29a was low expression in serum and survivin was high expression in diseased tissue of the patient who was pathologically diagnosed with APT. We should be on the alert for patients with lung cancer complicated by APT, when miR-29a was high expression in serum and survivin was low expression in diseased tissue and IGRAs was high level in serum of the patient with lung cancer.
Sex&nbsp;Difference in The Association Between Plasma Selenium and First Stroke: A Community-Based Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Hu Huan , Bi Chonglei , Lin Tengfei , Liu Lishun , Song Yun , Wang Binyan , Wang Ping , Zhou Ziyi , Fang Chongqian , Ma Hai , Huang Xiao , Hu Lihua , Xu Xiping , Zhang Hao , Huo Yong , Wang Xiaobin , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu , Li Ping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To date, there is no clearly defined association between plasma selenium levels and first stroke. We aimed to investigate the association between baseline plasma selenium and first stroke risk in a community-based, Chinese population. Methods: Using a nested case-control study design, a total of 1255 first stroke cases and 1255 matched controls were analyzed. Participant plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the association of plasma selenium with first stroke risk was estimated by conditional logistic regression models. Results: Overall, a nonlinear negative association between plasma selenium with first total stroke and first ischemic stroke risks was found in males, but not in females. Compared with participants with lower selenium levels (tertile 1-2, <94.1 ng/mL), participants with higher selenium levels (tertile 3, ≥94.1 ng/mL) had significantly lower risks of first total stroke (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.83) and first ischemic stroke (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.83) in males, but not in females with first total stroke (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.22) and first ischemic stroke (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.22). Furthermore, a stronger association between plasma selenium and first total stroke was found in males with higher vitamin E levels (≥13.5 μg/mL vs. <13.5 μg/mL P-interaction=0.007). No significant association was observed between plasma selenium and first hemorrhagic stroke risk in either males or females. Conclusion: Our study indicated a significant, nonlinear, negative association between plasma selenium and first stroke in males, but not in females.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1800017274.
Early Period Mitral Stenosis After Mitral Annuloplasty: Functional or Real Stenosis?
Authors: Asil Serkan , Barış Veysel Özgür , Görmel Suat , Çelik Murat , Yüksel Uygar Çağdaş 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Surgical repair of rheumatic mitral valve disease is technically more demanding however, mitral repair is preferred over mechanical valve implantation if possible. İn this case report we presented the case of functional mitral stenosis after surgical mitral valve repair and annuloplasty ring implantation for rheumatic mitral regurgitation. Case Report:A 64-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with progressively worsening shortness of breath (New York Heart Association-Classification II-III), 6 months after surgical mitral valve repair and annuloplasty ring implantation for rheumatic mitral regurgitation. The 28/13 mmHg gradient was observed in the mitral valve annuloplasty ring in transthoracic echocardiography. TEE findings showed that motions of the mitral valve leaflet were fine, but in the mitral annuloplasty ring there was an extreme constriction and increased gradient.Conclusion:The development of mitral stenosis following mitral valve surgery is a condition associated with multiple mechanisms that are poorly understood. Mitral valve repair can be difficult and low success rate, especially in rheumatic mitral valve patients. The defect in the surgical technique and the application of restrictive small annuloplasty causes an increased gradient, leading to the development of severe functional mitral stenosis, especially when accompanied by a slight increase in pannus tissue.
Genomic Portrait of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ST772-SCCmec V&nbsp;Lineage From India
Authors: Bakthavatchalam Yamuna , Vasudevan Karthick , Rao Shoma , Varughese Santosh , Rupali Priscilla , Gina Maki , Zervos Marcus , Peter John , Veeraraghavan Balaji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSignificant changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were recognised with the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, studies on the molecular epidemiology and the genomic investigation of MRSA are limited in India. The aim of the study was to understand the molecular epidemiology of MRSA causing bloodstream infection and also to investigate the origin and evolution of ST772 S. aureus isolated from India.ResultsSCCmec V (42%) was the predominant gene followed by SCCmec III (27%), SCCmec IV (13%), SCCmec I (7%) and SCCmec II (3%). We demonstrate the presence of multiple SCCmec types in 18 isolates. MLST analysis revealed ten different clonal complexes and three singletons. ST772 (27%), ST22 (19%) and ST239 (16%) were the predominant MRSA genotypes in causing bloodstream infection. The spa types were highly diverse. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nearly three-fourth of the Indian STT72-SCCmec V isolates belongs to dominant (ST772-A2) and emerging subgroups (ST772-A3). A prophage Φ IND772 carrying PVL toxin and a staphylococcal enterotoxin A was noticed in all isolates, except two. In addition, three distinct genomic islands (vSa-alpha, beta and gamma) were universally seen in all ST772 S. aureus genomes. A pattern of increasing antimicrobial resistance was noticed in the dominant and emerging subgroups. An integrated resistance plasmid encoding resistance clusters for beta-lactam (blaZ), macrolides (mphC, msrA), and aminoglycoside resistance (aphA-III, sat-4, aadE) was identified in all isolates, except four basal strains. ST772-SCCmec V was emerged on the Indian subcontinent in 1964 and diverged into a dominant subgroup in 1991. Furthermore, the expansion is likely to be associated with the acqusition of mobile genetic elements such as integrated resistance plasmid and SCCmec V (5C2) as well as the fixation of double serine mutation (S84L, S80Y) in the quinolone resistance determining region. ConclusionsST772-SCCmec V has the multi-drug resistance trait of hospital-associated (HA) MRSA and the epidemiological characteristics of CA-MRSA. ST772 S. aureus have consistent virulence and resistance determinants which may results in successful survival in both community and hospital settings.
Excellent thermoelectric performance of ZrTe2 thin films and device
Authors: Suen Chun Hung , Cai Songhua , Li Hui , Zhang Long , Yang Kunya , Wang Huichao , He Mingquan , Chai Yisheng , Zhou Kai , Wong Chi Man , Wang Jiannong , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Dai Jiyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Achieving high thermoelectric power factor in thin film heterostructures is essential for integrated and miniatured thermoelectric device applications. In this work, we demonstrate a mechanism and device performance of enhanced thermoelectric power factor through coupling the interfacial confined two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with thin film conductivity in a transition metal dichalcogenides-SrTiO3 heterostructure. Owing to the formed conductive interface with two-dimensional electron confinement effect and the elevated conductivity, the ZrTe2/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructure presents enormous thermoelectric power factor as high as 4×10^5 μW/cmK^2 at 20 K and 4800 μW/cmK^2 at room temperature. Formation of quasi-two-dimensional electrons gas at the interface is attributed to the giant Seebeck coefficient, and enhanced electrical conductivity is suggested to be originated from charge transfer induced doping in the ZrTe2, which leads to extremely large thermoelectric power factor. By taking the thermal conductivity of STO substrate as a reference, the effective zT value of this heterostructure can reach 1.5 at 300 K. This high thermoelectric figure of merit is demonstrated by a prototype device based on this heterostructure which results in 3K temperature cooling by passing through a current of 100 mA. This superior thermoelectric property makes this heterostructure a promising candidate for future thermoelectric device, and more importantly, paves a new pathway to design promising high-performance thermoelectric systems.