bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DR. MARY WOOD-ALLEN ON PROPER BEHAVIOR FOR AMERICAN GIRLS AT PUBERTY—A 1905 VIEW
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Mary Wood-Allen, M.D., World Superintendent of the Purity Department, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, was the author of a widelyacclaimed book entitled What A Young Girl Ought to Know. This book first appeared in 1897 and received high praise from many contemporary physician reviewers.
An example of Dr. Wood-Allen's advice to pubescent girls is as follows:
It is far better for the young girl at puberty to be gently active in household duties than to be lying around reading love stories. These exciting stories do her great harm, physical as well as mental. They are like forcing houses that hurry the buds into blossoms. Many little girls are being hurried into the physical developement of womanhood through novel-reading. I want you to be my little girl as long as you can, and, therefore, I ask you not to read lovestories and silly books of romance. Let me choose your story books for you for a few years longer. There are so many beautiful books nowadays for young people that you can find plenty of healthful reading. And nature is the roost delightful book of all. Read the lives of plants and flowers as they grow in the garden, read the experiences of the living birds in the trees. Learn to know their songs, so that you recognize them whenever you hear them. I know a young girl who keeps an opera glass always at hand and I have often seen her jump up from the dinner table, catch up the glass and rush out to examine some bird whose song was new to her.
Objection to Commercialism
Authors: Bolton John C. 
Published: December 2021

As part of its continuing trend toward commercialization I noticed that the Academy now prints and distributes the Red Book with the co-sponsorship of Mead Johnson Laboratories.
I was informed by the sales representative of the latter organization that the only way I could receive a copy was to accept it by hand from him, otherwise I would have to send a check to the Academy for this. I do not agree with this technique of distributing necessary medical information to members of the Academy.
The Need To Ban Competitive Sports Involving Preadolescent Children
Authors: Sayre Blaine M. 
Published: December 2021

After attending the 20th World Congress in Sports Medicine this spring in Melbourne, the most important point that remained in my mind was the possibly deleterious effects of competitive sports on the preadolescent child. This question should be of concern to all pediatric practioners, since the question concerns not only the physical and psychological well-being of the adolescent, but may well be a very influential factor in determining his adult health.
First of all, it is generally accepted that the onset of puberty has a normal span of at least four to five years.
Additional Comments on Tc Po2, by Dr. Rooth
Authors: Rooth Gosta 
Published: December 2021

Since the publication of my article1, further data on tc Po2 have become available.
There is some risk that a too low tc Po2 value may be recorded in seriously sick infants unless the temperature of the electrode is kept at 43 C. Even at this temperature the Huchs have seen no blisters at the site of measurements in the 500 cases they studied. In one premature infant with hemorrhagic tendency after exchange transfusion we saw a blister on the day after a four-hour recording had been performed.
The Pediatric Pneumogram: A New Method for Detecting and Quantitating Apnea in Infants
Authors: Stein Israel M. , Shannon Daniel C. 
Published: December 2021

Schwartz, D. L., White, J. J., Saulsbury, F., and Haller, J. A., Jr.: Gastrin response to calcium infusion: An aid to the improved diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in children. Pediatrics, 54:599, 1974.
In column two, page 600, Kopel and Barbero were inadvertently misquoted. The sentence should read: "Kopel and Barbero19 have studied gastric secretion in infancy and childhood, and have shown a normal mean basal acid of 0.45 mEq/kg/hr for children 6 to 12 years of age. Our patient had a basal output of 41 mEq/hr or 17 mEq/10 kg/hr (38 times normal)."
Child Care in the People's Republic of China—1973: Part II
Authors: Wray Joe D. 
Published: December 2021

NUTRITION OF CHILDREN
There is very little solid information concerning the nutrition of children in China in preliberation days. Given the severity and magnitude of the problem in most contemporary developing countries, and the anecdotal information about the situation in China then, it seems safe to assume that it was indeed a serious problem. Thus, the nutritional status of preschool children in China today is a matter of special interest.
Breast-Feeding
There is no satisfactory alternative to breastfeeding for the vast majority of mothers in the developing world. For such mothers, adequate artificial feeding is prohibitively expensive; it also requires careful education of the mother and then extreme care on her part to prepare feedings hygienically. The many significant advantages of breast-feeding for such mothers have been spelled out by the Jelliffes in a recently published symposium. They call attention there, and elsewhere, to the fact that human milk offers one of the best, but perhaps least appreciated, ways to close the "protein gap" in the developing world. Berg has discussed the economic aspects of breast-feeding in developing countries. He has calculated, for example, that if only 20% of urban mothers in such countries do not breast-feed, the cost of an adequate replacement diet for their infants would equal $365,000,000 per year. Berg believes that 20% is an underestimate of the proportion not breast-feeding and reckons that the total loss in cities throughout the developing world is in the billions of dollars each year. This sum is not actually spent, of course, and the vast majority of infants in the urban slums of developing countries receive a far less than adequate replacement.
Insensible Water Loss in Preterm Infants: Changes With Postnatal Development and Non-ionizing Radiant Energy
Authors: Wu Paul Y. K. , Hodgman Joan E. 
Published: December 2021

Wu, P.Y.K., and Hodgman, J.E.: Insensible water loss in preterm infants: Changes with postnatal development and non-ionizing radiant energy. pediatrics, 54:704, 1974.
The sentence beginning on the last line of column one on page 708 should read: "In infants with birthweights under 1,500 gm, the values obtained were much higher than those reported in the earlier studies,11,13 but are comparable to those reported by Fanaroff et al."3
Treatment of Acrodermatitis Enteropathica With Zinc Sulfate
Authors: Kaloustian Vazken M. Der , Musallam Salim S. 
Published: December 2021

Recently many articles have appeared in Pediatrics1-3 and in the literature4 relating the toxic effects of diiodohydroxyquin (Diodoquin) on the eye. In many instances the medication had been used for the treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica.3-5
Following the report by Moynahan6 of successful treatment of this condition with the oral administration of zinc sulfate, we treated a 7-year-old boy suffering from acrodermatitis enteropathica with 50 mg of zinc sulfate by mouth, three times daily. The effect of this regimen was dramatic with complete clearing of all the skin lesions, regrowth of normal hair, and arrest of the diarrhea.
A New Treatment for Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Authors: Sturtz George S. 
Published: December 2021

The report of the Committee on Drugs dealing with the effects of diiodohydroxyquin-like drugs concluded that with the recommendation "these drugs not be used in children, with two possible exceptions . . . ."1 One of the exceptions was the treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica.
E. J. Moynahan2 has suggested that acrodermatitis enteropathica is a lethal inherited human zinc-deficiency disorder. He has treated nine patients with zinc supplements alone (zinc sulfate, 150 to 200 mg daily).
Serious Analytical and Conceptual Errors in Bilirubin Binding Studies
Authors: Ahlfors Charles E. 
Published: December 2021

The unexpectedly high and 1:1 correlation among fluorometric, Sephadex, and peroxidase determinations of total and reserve bilirubin binding capacities as reported by Cashore et al1 is quite remarkable considering the serious analytical and conceptual errors in the article, the previously observed lack of linear correlation between the fluorometer and 2-(4'-hydroxybenzene)azobenzoic acid (HABA),2 and the relatively low correlation coefficient (.92) observed when the peroxidase test is compared with itself on different instruments.3
The addition of sufficient bilirubin to near saturation of the first site should make the fluorometer a reasonably accurate method of assessing "true" total capacity (usually thought to be 1 mole of bilirubin bound per mole of albumin).
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Stare Fredrick J. 
Published: December 2021

"Sugar...food colors, additives, and flavors (especially red food color)...many children reacted to other common foods, including milk, corn, wheat, chocolate, eggs, and oranges." What is left to eat?
We completely agree with Dr Crook's statement that some of his patients "may have improved due to coincidental or concomitant factors including the placebo effect." It is well known that many individuals of all ages, from infancy to old age, with "nervous system symptoms" improve with a little personal attention, frequently referred to as TLC.
THE FIRST AMERICAN PLEA FOR A PERMANENT HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN (1852)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1852, James Stewart (1799-1864), under the pen name "Phiopedos," originated a plan for the establishment of a children's hospital in New York City. When the institution was opened on March 1, 1854, under the name of the New York Nursery and Child's Hospital, it was the only hospital on this continent devoted to children. (There had been a hospital devoted exclusively to sick children in Boston as early as 1846, but financial difficulties forced it to close after a few years.)
"Philopedos" wrote1:
It must be evident to all who will reflect upon the large amount of sickness there is among the children of the poor in our city [New York], that hospital accommodations for them are among its most urgent wants. In the dwellings of the very poor there is almost always .. absence of everything necessary for the ordinary relief of the sick, and especially of the unremitting attention that is needed by them. The necessity of constant occupation to obtain the means of existence, precludes the possibility ...of devoting any time to the requirements of the sick; and it is from this want of attendance, next to want of pure air, that children suffer most. For those who have the necessary comforts for the sick, or who have the time that they may bestow upon their families, when they most require it, dispensary attendance is sufficient for their wants in sickness; but when it is known that many children are absolutely destitute of all these—indespensable as they are—the necessity of proving well-ventilated accomodations is evident; a place where all the wants of the sick [child] may be supplied, and especially when personal care must form an essential pant of the arrangement;—a need only to be supplied by the establishment of a well-organized hospital....
Neonatal Circulatory Changes Following Elective Cesarean Section: An Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Jacobstein Mark D. , Hirschfeld Stephen S. , Flinn Celia , Riggs Thomas , Fanaroff Avroy 
Published: December 2021

Right ventricular systolic time intervals have been used in neonates to demonstrate both normal and abnormal cardiovascular adaptation to extrauterine life.1,2 The ratio of these intervals, which include the right ventricular preejection period (RVPEP) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET), correlates closely with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure.3 Previous echocardiographic studies in normal newborns have demonstrated the decline in PVR, but have excluded babies delivered by cesarean section (CS).1
Many respiratory abnormalities are noted following both elective and emergency CS. These are attributed to respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), aspiration syndromes, and persistent fetal circulation (PFC).4-9
Round Table Discussion
Authors: MILLER JOHN J. , SMITH CHARLES E. , HATFERSLEY PAUL , BRUYN HENRY B. , TURSKY ROSEMARIE J. , LEVY GILBERT J. 
Published: December 2021

1. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF Rh SENSITIZATION
Dr. Paul Hattersley: I shall begin with an obvious oversimplification. I shall speak of the Rh factor. We all are aware that there are many Rh factors. However, it has been established that at least 99% of sensitizations within the Rh group of antigens are by the Rho or D antigen. It is therefore almost entirely among individuals negative for this factor that sensitization occurs. On this basis it is clinically correct to classify individuals as Rh-positive or Rh-negative according to the presence or absence of this one important factor.
The Rh factor is a hereditary characteristic, inherited as a simple Mendelian dominant. Being antigenic, it is capable of stimulating the formation of antibodies upon reaching the body of an Rh-negative individual. There are 2 ways in which Rh-positive cells, containing the Rh antigen, can reach the circulation of an Rh-negative person. The first and most obvious is by intravenous or intramuscular transfusion. The second is by pregnancy. Small amounts of the blood of the fetus cross the placental barrier into the circulation of the mother. If the fetus is Rh-positive, and the mother is Rh-negative, sensitization of the mother to the Rh factor may occur.
There are 3 variable factors which, in different degree, determine whether an Rh-negative individual will become sensitized to the Rh factor. They are the total dose of Rh antigen received, the duration of time in which this dose is received, and the individual's antibody producing capacity. It is not surprising, therefore, that while the over-all percentage of sensitization by pregnancy alone is around 4%, the incidence of sensitization by transfusion approaches 50%.
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Authors: FANCONI G. 
Published: December 2021

The Boston Floating Hospital, the Pediatric Teaching Unit of the New England Medical Center, announces the appointment of Dr. Orvar Swenson as Surgeon in Chief on October 15, 1950. Dr. Swenson has also been appointed Associate Professor of Surgery in the Tufts College Medical School.
The Pediatric Cardiology Department of the Children's Division of the Cook County Hospital is now accepting applications for fellowships for immediate appointment. The department offers large material of both congenital and acquired diseases of the heart.
BRAIN DAMAGE IN A JUVENILE DIABETIC PATIENT ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN HYPOGLYCEMIA
Authors: GARDNER LYTT I. , REYERSBACH GERTRUD C. 
Published: December 2021

Clinical data are presented on a child with diabetes mellitus who developed, in association with repeated episodes of insulin hypoglycemia, progressive mental deterioration and organic brain damage which ultimately led to epileptiform seizures unassociated with hypoglycemia.
The implications of these findings are discussed and similar cases in the literature are reviewed.
THERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: HIGH ROBERT H. 
Published: December 2021

Streptomycin, or dihydrostreptomycin, along with other agents, such as promizole® or PAS, is of value in the treatment of serious forms of tuberculosis in infants and children. Progressive pulmonary tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis seem to respond most satisfactorily. Tuberculous meningitis has a serious prognosis but some patients apparently have this infection arrested.
The use of streptomycin for patients with forms of tuberculosis which have a good prognosis without treatment is not recommended. The potential toxicity of the drug and the possible emergence of streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli are the major reasons for this recommendation.
TOTAL BODY WATER IN CHILDREN
Authors: FRIIS-HANSEN BENT J. , HOLIDAY MALCOLM , STAPLETON THOMAS , WALLACE WILLIAM M. 
Published: December 2021

Total body water was determined in 24 normal infants and children by deuterium oxide dilution and by the antipyrine method. A micro-modification of the antipyrine method is described. Agreement between the two methods for determining total body water was good.
Total body water was found to be highest in premature and newborn babies, the values ranging from 70 to 83% of body weight. During the first 6 months of life there was a gradual decrease of body water as per cent body weight. From 6 months to 11 years of age, the values varied between 53 and 63% with no correlation to age or sex.
OBSERVATIONS ON 26 INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE OPERATED ON FOR TETRALOGY OF FALLOT OR TRICUSPID ATRESIA
Authors: LEININGER C. R. , GIBSON STANLEY 
Published: December 2021

Since September 1946, surgical relief for tetralogy of Fallot or tricuspid atresia has been performed in 234 instances. During this period an anastomosis has been created in 24 infants under 1 year of age. Pulmonary atresia prevented an anastomosis in two additional infants. In those children in whom an anastomosis was possible, the mortality was 33.3% under 1 year of age as compared to an over-all mortality of 9.8%, with a mortality of only 2.9% between the ages of 3 and 16 years.
The reasons for this higher mortality in infants are explained and surgical relief in selected cases is recommended.
SAFETY APPARATUS FOR INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Authors: FLETCHER JOHN P. 
Published: December 2021

THE administration of potent drugs and fluids intravenously often requires much more accurate control than is possible with the usual drip method.
This is particularly applicable in the case of small infants for the following reasons:
1. Due to change in position of the infant or relaxation of spasm in the vein receiving the fluid, there may be large variations in the rate of flow, resulting in under-or over-hydration. In the latter case, excessive administration of water or specific electrolytes may cause death in an acutely ill patient.
2. Rates of flow of 10 to 15 cc. per hour are often desirable. It has been found to be impractical to measure a 15 cc. per hour outflow from a 500 cc. flask. Consequently, the nurses must frequently slow down the rate of flow so that stoppages often occur.
3. Certain intravenous medication—notably sodium sulphadiazine, penicillin and calcium gluconate—when injected into standard intravenous tubing, results in massive intermittent dosage. It is more desirable to give continuous intravenous therapy, maintaining the blood level at a uniform concentration. Crystallization of sodium sulphadiazine in the intravenous tubing has been observed when the drug is injected intermittently. This results in a stoppage of the intravenous and irritation of the vein.
A simple graduated safety cylinder (chart 1) has been designed to overcome these difficulties.
THE PRESIDENT'S PAGE
Authors: BEAVEN PAUL W. 
Published: December 2021

ONE of the first acts of this administration was to write a letter to those foundations and commercial firms which had donated so generously to the work of the ICH Committee. In that letter it was pointed out that previously the Survey Committee had been assigned a task and when it was completed the committee was dissolved. They turned their data over to another group for them to discover the significance of the facts that had been gathered. This was the Committee for the Improvement of Child Health. They, in turn, had completed their task and had been dissolved. Their work had been tremendous and their influence great. They had brought the Academy a leadership in the field of child health which it had never before realized.
The letter further stated that the task of the Academy now was to carry on the work of the ICH Committee and to build on the foundation that had been so well laid. It was our purpose to integrate its work among the several committees and, thereby, not only have all the membership share the responsibility, but increase the usefulness of our organization by the participation of more members.
The response to the letter was almost unanimous and showed a deep interest in our work. A number stated that their budgets were allocated for the year, but they would be glad to consider us if we should later send in a specific request. Others sent us money. All were grateful for the information and expressed their belief that the Academy was a power for better child health.
ACUTE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA DUE TO INGESTION OF NAPHTHALENE MOTH BALLS
Authors: MACKELL JAMES V. , RIEDERS FREDRIC , BRIEGER HEINRICH , BAUER EDWARD L. 
Published: December 2021

Naphthalene moth balls are potent hemolytic agents, capable of producing an acute, severe and perhaps fatal anemia. Moth ball poisoning should be suspected in children manifesting evidence of sudden hemolytic anemia, and an attempt should be made to demonstrate naphthalene or its derivatives in the urine. Care should be taken to prevent moth balls from being reached by infants and children.
α- and β-naphthol and α- and β-naphthoquinone were found in the urine of a child suffering from severe hemolytic anemia due to ingestion of naphthalene moth balls. The hemolytic properties of naphthalene, of the naphthols and naphthoquinones were examined in vitro and in vivo (rabbits).
Naphthalene itself was found to be nonhemolytic in vitro or in vivo. The hemolytic power of the naphthalene metabolites in vitro decreased in the following order: α-naphthol, β-naphthol, α-naphthoquinone, β-naphthoquinone.
Hemolysis due to α-naphthol was observed in vivo (rabbits). However, its hemolytic action was significantly weaker than in vitro. β-naphthol and the naphthoquinones showed no hemolytic activity in vivo (rabbits).
Plasma, cholesterol and lecithin did not inhibit the hemolytic activity of the naphthalene metabolites in vitro.
Formation of methemoglobin was not observed.
Nurse Practitioners and the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Robertson W. J. 
Published: December 2021

It is common knowledge that Level III neonatal intensive care units are almost always short staffed so far as trained neonatologists are concerned and that the Level II centers, especially if they are in geographically remote locations, often do not have a fully trained neonatologist on staff.1,2
Although the training in neonatology of the newly graduated pediatricians is gradually improving, it is probably fair to say that the delivery of modern, high-quality neonatal intensive care is beyond the capability of the average pediatrician graduated prior to 1970 and certainly if graduated prior to 1960.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Kahn A. 
Published: December 2021

Southall makes certain criticisms of our suggestion that the changes in transcutaneous PO2 observed during obstructive sleep apnea in infants could partly be related to changes in blood flow and decrease in cardiac output.
The changes in cardiac output during apnea are not well known. In a study of eight severely ill premature newborns (average gestational age of 30 weeks) under oxygen and bicarbonate therapy, Girling1 reports on the heart rate and pulse pressure changes observed during prolonged apnea.
Ictophobia
Authors: LEWAK NORMAN , ABBOTT MYLES 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Thanks to Drs Watchko and Oski for the commentary on the phobia noted in physicians when the bilirubin level in healthy, nonhemolytic newborns approaches 20 mg/dL.1 They focused on the questionable use of exchange transfusions, but only alluded to the greater problem: phototherapy. Worse than either phototherapy or exchange transfusions, however, is the potential for each of these treatments to create a third problem, that of telling families they have a child who needs treatment to prevent brain damage, which in turn may lead to the vulnerable child syndrome.2