bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate and blood in healthy young adults
Authors: Seifi Morteza , Rastkari Noushin , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Naddafi Kazem , Nabizadeh Ramin , Nazmara Shahrokh , Kashani Homa , Zare Ahad , Pourpak Zahra , Hashemi Seyed Yaser , Yunesian Masud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are measured to estimate the effects of air pollution on humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers in blood plasma and exhaled air in young adults. The obtained results were compared in two periods; i.e., winter and summer. GRIMM Dust Monitors were used to measure PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in indoor and outdoor air. A total of 40 healthy young adults exhaling air condensate were collected. Then, biomarkers of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs), and Tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNFRII) were measured by 96 wells method ELISA and commercial kits (HS600B R&D Kit and ALX-850–037-KI01) in EBC while interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTNFRII and White Blood Cell (WBC) were measured in blood plasma in two periods of February 2013 (winter) and May 2013 (summer). Significant association was found between particulate matter and the white blood cell count (p < 0.001), as well as plasma sTNFRII levels (p-value = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between particulate matter with RS-NOs (p = 0.128), EBC RSNOs (p-value = 0.128), and plasma IL-6 (p-value = 0.167). In addition, there was no significant relationship between interleukin-6 of exhaled air with interleukin-6 of plasma (p-value < 0.792 in the first period and < 0.890 in the second period). sTNFRII was not detected in EBC. Considering the direct effect between increasing some biomarkers in blood and EBC and particulate matter, it is concluded that air pollution causes this increasing.
A design and optimization of a high throughput valve based microfluidic device for single cell compartmentalization and analysis
Authors: Briones Jonathan , Espulgar Wilfred , Koyama Shohei , Takamatsu Hyota , Tamiya Eiichi , Saito Masato 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe need for high throughput single cell screening platforms has been increasing with advancements in genomics and proteomics to identify heterogeneity, unique cell subsets or super mutants from thousands of cells within a population. For real-time monitoring of enzyme kinetics and protein expression profiling, valve-based microfluidics or pneumatic valving that can compartmentalize single cells is advantageous by providing on-demand fluid exchange capability for several steps in assay protocol and on-chip culturing. However, this technique is throughput limited by the number of compartments in the array. Thus, one big challenge lies in increasing the number of microvalves to several thousand that can be actuated in the microfluidic device to confine enzymes and substrates in picoliter volumes. This work explores the design and optimizations done on a microfluidic platform to achieve high-throughput single cell compartmentalization as applied to single-cell enzymatic assay for protein expression quantification. Design modeling through COMSOL Multiphysics was utilized to determine the circular microvalve’s optimized parameters, which can close thousands of microchambers in an array at lower sealing pressure. Multiphysical modeling results demonstrated the relationships of geometry, valve dimensions, and sealing pressure, which were applied in the fabrication of a microfluidic device comprising of up to 5000 hydrodynamic traps and corresponding microvalves. Comparing the effects of geometry, actuation media and fabrication technique, a sealing pressure as low as 0.04 MPa was achieved. Applying to single cell enzymatic assay, variations in granzyme B activity in Jurkat and human PBMC cells were observed. Improvement in the microfluidic chip’s throughput is significant in single cell analysis applications, especially in drug discovery and treatment personalization.
The causal interaction in human basal ganglia
Authors: Rodriguez-Sabate Clara , Gonzalez Albano , Perez-Darias Juan Carlos , Morales Ingrid , Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe experimental study of the human brain has important restrictions, particularly in the case of basal ganglia, subcortical centers whose activity can be recorded with fMRI methods but cannot be directly modified. Similar restrictions occur in other complex systems such as those studied by Earth system science. The present work studied the cause/effect relationships between human basal ganglia with recently introduced methods to study climate dynamics. Data showed an exhaustive (identifying basal ganglia interactions regardless of their linear, non-linear or complex nature) and selective (avoiding spurious relationships) view of basal ganglia activity, showing a fast functional reconfiguration of their main centers during the execution of voluntary motor tasks. The methodology used here offers a novel view of the human basal ganglia which expands the perspective provided by the classical basal ganglia model and may help to understand BG activity under normal and pathological conditions.
Effects of cereal fibers on short-chain fatty acids in healthy subjects and patients: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Bai Junying , Li Yan , Zhang Wenhui , Fan Mingcong , Qian Haifeng , Zhang Hui , Qi Xiguang , Wang Li 
Published: June 2021

Cereal fiber supplementation significantly affected fecal SCFA concentrations in randomized clinical studies. A more significant impact appeared in overweight and obese subjects with BMI >29 kg m−2 than in individuals with BMI ≤29 kg m−2.
Notfallsiebe – ein Sieb für alle Fälle?
Authors: Märdian Sven , Zaiss Elke , Lindner Vanessa 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungKrankenhäuser müssen sich auf den Massenanfall von Verletzten (MANV) vorbereiten und die Abläufe üben. Dazu gehört u. a. die Identifikation einer möglichen Ressourcenknappheit, als auch die Suche nach neuen Lösungen, um diese zu beherrschen. Durch Katastrophenschutzübungen wurde der Mangel an sterilen chirurgischen Instrumentensieben offensichtlich. Dieser Artikel skizziert die Anforderungen an Notfallinstrumentarien, welche in der Situation eines Massenanfalles von Verletzten eingesetzt werden können. Außerdem, wird das „Berliner Notfallsieb“ (BATMIN) für die akuttraumatologische Versorgung vorgestellt, welches im Land Berlin zu einer Verbesserung der Vorbereitung auf einen MANV geführt hat.
Der Einfluss von Kachexie und Sarkopenie auf das postoperative Outcome
Authors: van der Kroft Gregory , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Neumann Ulf Peter , Lambertz Andreas 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungKachexie wird als multifaktorielles Syndrom definiert, das durch einen unfreiwillig fortschreitenden Gewichtsverlust infolge einer Verringerung der Skelettmuskelmasse mit oder ohne Reduktion des Fettgewebes gekennzeichnet ist. Der Abbau von Muskelgewebe wird als Sarkopenie bezeichnet. Diese wird klinisch als Verlust von Muskelmasse und/oder Muskelkraft definiert, wobei der Verlust von Muskelkraft im Vordergrund steht. Mit Sarkopenie verbunden ist der Zustand der Myosteatose, der durch eine Zunahme der intra- und extrazellulären Fettspeicher gekennzeichnet ist und mit einer verminderten Muskelfunktion einhergeht. Kachexie ist für den Tod von mindestens 20% aller Krebspatienten mitverantwortlich. Die Inzidenz variiert bei diesen Patienten je nach Art der Erkrankung zwischen 80% für Patienten mit Magen- und Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs, 50% für Patienten mit Lungen-, Dickdarm- und Prostatakrebs sowie etwa 40% für Patienten mit Brustkrebs oder Leukämie. Hierbei ist eine
Unterscheidung zwischen tumorassoziierter Kachexie und einer durch Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen der onkologischen Therapie bedingten Kachexie oft schwierig. Das wesentliche klinische Merkmal der Kachexie ist ein unfreiwilliger Gewichtsverlust, der sich jedoch nicht immer klinisch manifestiert, sodass die Identifizierung von Risikopatienten erheblich erschwert ist. Nicht nur das Langzeit-Outcome der Patienten wird von Kachexie und Sarkopenie beeinflusst. Auch die unmittelbaren postoperativen Komplikationsraten (Morbidität) werden erhöht und haben tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die Krankheitslast und das Leiden der Patienten nach einer chirurgischen Behandlung. Kachexie, Sarkopenie und Myosteatose sind somit für den klinischen Alltag hochrelevante Parameter, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das postoperative Outcome der Patienten haben. Es wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, um die frühzeitige Identifizierung von Patienten mit einem erhöhten Risiko zu
verbessern. Diese bieten die Möglichkeit, ungewollten Gewichtsverlust, verringerte Muskelkraft und die Fitness der Patienten zu testen. Derartige Maßnahmen sollten Teil unserer täglichen klinischen Routine werden, um diejenigen Patienten mit dem höchsten postoperativen Risiko zu erkennen. Entsprechend können neuartige Präkonditionierungskonzepte für bestimmte Patientengruppen in der Lage sein, die postoperative Morbidität zu verringern.
Total Synthesis of Methyl 1,5,8-Trimethoxy-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate and Its Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehydes
Authors: Topolovčan Nikola , Hudlický Tomáš , Nardangeli Nolan , Thomson Jared 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 7-step total synthesis of methyl 1,5,8-trimethoxy-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate and a 5-step synthesis of its C-3 derivatives are reported. Sonogashira coupling of 2-halobenzaldehydes with terminal acetylenes was employed to access 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes, which underwent a Pd-catalyzed annulation to afford the corresponding isochromene-containing products.
Synthesis of 6-Alkynyl-6-hydroxyindoloquinazolinone Scaffolds via Copper-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Tryptanthrins
Authors: Guo Yu , Ahmed Ebrahim-Alkhalil M. A. , Ma De-Kun , Jiang Jun , Liu Hongxin , Li Xinhua , Li Juan , Xiao Hong-Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report a copper-catalyzed direct alkynylation reaction of tryptanthrins with terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The developed method provides an array of synthetic building blocks of 6-alkynyl-6-hydroxyindoloquinazolinone compounds in moderate to good yields with varied functional group compatibility. Furthermore, the obtained adducts can be smoothly converted into versatile building blocks via hydrogenation, hydration, and further Sonogashira coupling transformations.
Structural analysis and optimization design of mechanical pendulum of differential capacitance seismometer
Authors: Qiu Zhongchao , Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Tao , Teng Yuntian , Tang Yixiang 
Published: June 2021

Seismometers can collect and record earthquake information in real time, and they play an important role in earthquake prediction and post-earthquake monitoring. Aiming at the high natural frequency problem of the mechanical pendulum of differential capacitance seismometers, this study employed the ANSYS simulation software to establish a finite element model of the mechanical pendulum; using the constructed model, this study performed static and modal analysis on the key structure, the cross reed, and conducted topological optimization on the shape of the reed. Moreover, the sine calibration method was adopted to measure the natural frequency of the mechanical pendulum before and after optimization, and the experimental results showed that after optimization, the natural frequency of the mechanical pendulum had been reduced by 22%, decreasing from 5.4 to 4.2 Hz, which proved the feasibility of the optimization design.
Niche adaptation promoted the evolutionary diversification of tiny ocean predators
Authors: Latorre Francisco , Deutschmann Ina M. , Labarre Aurélie , Obiol Aleix , Krabberød Anders K. , Pelletier Eric , Sieracki Michael E. , Cruaud Corinne , Jaillon Olivier , Massana Ramon , Logares Ramiro 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The oceans are populated by an astronomical number of predominantly uncultured microbes, which altogether guarantee ecosystem function. Unicellular eukaryotic predators represent basal links in marine food webs and have so far been predominantly characterized as a functional group, despite having different ecologies and evolutionary histories. In order to better understand the ecoevolution of the ocean’s smallest predators, we have investigated four species belonging to an uncultured cosmopolitan family: marine stramenopiles (MAST)-4. Using state-of-the-art single-cell genomics and metaomics approaches, we found that members of this predatory family have different distributions in the surface ocean and different genes to degrade food, which likely represent niche adaptations. Our work highlights the importance of understanding the species-level ecology and genomics of tiny ocean predators.
Flow field around bubbles on formation of air embolism in small vessels
Authors: Li Zhongnan , Li Guiling , Li Yongjian , Chen Yuexin , Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Circulatory air embolisms resulting from surgical procedures or deep-sea diving can cause pathophysiological responses such as pulmonary hypertension and cardio-cerebral infarction. Despite significant research on embolism treatment, underlying processes of how moving bubbles get stuck in vessels have not been fully established. To further this mechanistic understanding, we developed microfluidic and in vivo experiments to observe bubble’s stopping process and revealed that aggregation of blood cells and thrombus formation occurs on the periphery of embolism’s tail because of flow recirculation. This localized thrombus formation triggers dramatic increase in flow resistance that stops bubble’s motion. This study brings insight into the critical stage of air embolism formation and may lead to strategies for prevention and treatment of this clinically significant event.
From COVID-19 to future electrification: Assessing traffic impacts on air quality by a machine-learning model
Authors: Yang Jiani , Wen Yifan , Wang Yuan , Zhang Shaojun , Pinto Joseph P. , Pennington Elyse A. , Wang Zhou , Wu Ye , Sander Stanley P. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Hao Jiming , Yung Yuk L. , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
We capitalize on large variations of urban air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and real-time observations of traffic, meteorology, and air pollution in Los Angeles to develop a machine-learning air pollution prediction model. Such a model can adequately account for the nonlinear relationships between emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorological factors. Moreover, this model enables us to identify key drivers of air-quality variations and assess the effect of future traffic-emission controls on air quality. We unambiguously demonstrate that the full benefit from fleet electrification cannot be attained if focused only on mitigation of local vehicle emissions. To continue to improve air quality in Los Angeles, off-road emissions and those from volatile chemical products need to be more strictly regulated.
Structure of AMH bound to AMHR2 provides insight into a unique signaling pair in the TGF-β family
Authors: Hart Kaitlin N. , Stocker William A. , Nagykery Nicholas G. , Walton Kelly L. , Harrison Craig A. , Donahoe Patricia K. , Pépin David , Thompson Thomas B. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays a crucial role in male sex differentiation and female reproductive development. As such, AMH is widely used as a biomarker for measuring a woman’s fertility, estimating onset of menopause, and has been implicated in reproductive syndromes such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian failure. Despite its biological relevance, how AMH functions on the molecular level is not well understood. In this study, we show that AMH engages its receptor, AMHR2, using an extensive interface distinct from other type II receptors. Furthermore, we identify several regions in both AMH and AMHR2 that are responsible for specificity and required for AMH signaling.
Siglecs-7/9 function as inhibitory immune checkpoints in vivo and can be targeted to enhance therapeutic antitumor immunity
Authors: Ibarlucea-Benitez Itziar , Weitzenfeld Polina , Smith Patrick , Ravetch Jeffrey V. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceTargeting myeloid cells represents a promising strategy to augment antitumor immunity and overcome resistance to existing T cell-targeting therapies. However myeloid checkpoints that can be effectively used as immunotherapy targets are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 to enhance antitumor immunity in vivo. Using an immunocompetent mouse model humanized for Siglec-7/9, we show that these receptors inhibit the endogenous antitumor immune response in a tissue-specific manner. These Siglecs also restrict the response to tumor-targeting and checkpoint-targeting antibodies, highlighting their significance in combinatorial approaches to immunotherapy. Finally, we show that Siglec-7/9 blockade can significantly reduce tumor burden in vivo, supporting the use of antibodies targeting Siglec-7/9 to therapeutically enhance antitumor immunity.
Study of Ti contacts to corundum α-Ga2O3
Authors: Massabuau F , Nicol D , Adams F , Jarman J , Roberts J , Kovács A , Chalker P , Oliver R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a study of the electrical, structural and chemical properties of Ti contacts on atomic layer deposited α-Ga2O3 film. Ti forms an ohmic contact with α-Ga2O3. The contact performance is highly dependent on the post-evaporation annealing temperature, where an improved conductivity is obtained when annealing at 450
°C, and a strong degradation when annealing at higher temperatures. Structural and chemical characterisation by transmission electron microscopy techniques reveal that the electrical improvement or degradation of the contact upon annealing can be attributed to oxidation of the Ti metallic layer by the Ga2O3 film in combination with the possibility for Ti diffusion into the Au layer. The results highlight that the grain boundaries and inclusions in the Ga2O3 film provide fast diffusion pathways for this reaction, leaving the α-Ga2O3 crystallites relatively unaffected—this result differs from previous reports conducted on β-Ga2O3. This study underlines the necessity for a phase-specific and growth method-specific study of contacts on Ga2O3 devices.
Design and development of modified cold compaction die for fabrication of nickel-titanium composite
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Sharma Avadesh K , Sharma Ajay K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Generally, Nickel-Titanium composites are prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) process in which the design and shape of compaction die considerably influence the characteristics of the final products. The formation of circumferential cracks and higher porosity are the major issues of this process. Therefore, the work comprises the design and fabrication of a modified cold compaction die by incorporate one additional part named as liner that prepared the Nickel-Titanium composite without circumferential cracks. The work includes design calculations, modeling and die fabrication. The die design was evaluated by SOLIDWORKS 2017-18 in a simulated conditions, and further examined experimentally by fabricating the Nickel-Titanium composite at 140 kN compaction load using UTM. The results showed that a crack-free dense Nickel-Titanium composite was successfully fabricated by this modified die. The densification, compressive strength and Rockwell hardness of NiTi composite fabricated using this die were achieved upto 86.7 %, 108.29 MPa and 64.2 HRC.
Feature curve extraction from data points
Authors: Gautam Sushant , Agrawal Vandana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present work, study is done for the extraction of feature curves from data points lying on the surface of object or model. Here, the reconstruction of feature curves is proposed by intersection of plane pairs. These plane pairs approximate the adjacent regions of the feature. Feature of the object may be its edges, corners, holes, sudden jerks, slits etc. Points cloud is generated from the snapshots of the object taken from various viewing angles. Clustering work is extended from K-means clustering to combined K-means and Normal (attribute) approach based clustering as it utilizes the benefits of both K-means and attribute based method and segmented the data points so that a cluster is represented with similar normal vector. Planes are fitted to all clusters based on Least Square Plane Fitting (LSPF) method and line segments from their intersection are identified, highlighted and collected as feature lines i.e. edges and corners based on developed algorithm.
Review on advance tubular receivers for central solar tower system
Authors: Kulkarni Kaustubh , Havaldar Sanjay , Bhattacharya Nabharun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review focused on central tubular receiver modelling to obtain concentrated solar energy. Required specifications involved with efficient low cost receiver with suitable material which able to absorb concentrated solar radiations. This type of advance receivers shows excellent performance in the commercial and domestic applications. Review shows compiles literature engaged in mechanical and thermal modelling of receiver. Also highlighted on various geometries, tube sizes and various heat transfer fluids and their effect on overall performance of receiver. Recently authors concentrated on CFD simulations of different kind of receiver and put forth advanced design which offers superior flexibility and accuracy also explains stresses generated in the tube of receiver. The selection of stress theory is impacting on the mechanical life of the receiver with different approaches presented. Extensive technical analysis is investigated on different receivers for internal and external tubular geometry. Effect of heat transfer for different geometry is also observed. In this paper different aspects discussed thoroughly like receiver design, Numerical simulation, outdoor and indoor testing facilities, thermal efficiency and desired outlet temperature, benefits, future challenges, and research needs.
A critical review on wear and corrosion of carbide free bainitic steel
Authors: Sharma Siddharth , Tripathi Ajay , Dwivedi Ravi Kumar , Kumar Rajan , Agarwal Anupma 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Different research on wear and corrosion of CFB (carbide free bainitic steel) over the past two decades has enabled a better understanding and advanced applications of CFB steel. With the help of advanced testing techniques, and equipment the detailed study of microstructure and nanostructured steels has been possible. The earlier years were focused on comparison of the bainite steel with the steel which is quenched and tempered (QT) for identifying the wear tendencies and comparison between carbon free bainite and martensite for the corrosive behavior of the carbide free bainitic steel. Later the trend shifted towards the nanostructured analysis from microstructure analysis with the improvement in the instruments. Advancements like HT-CAT i.e., high temperature continuous abrasion tester have an important role to play, the mechanism of material removal rate studied. There has also been development in alloying the bainite to reduce the corrosion rate and give more strength. Current trends in the form of study of wear and corrosion of carbide free bainitic steel and future needs are discussed hereby.