bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences at play: An investigation into measuring Big Five personality facets with game‐based assessments
Authors: Wu Felix Y. , Mulfinger Evan , Alexander Leo , Sinclair Andrea L. , McCloy Rodney A. , Oswald Frederick L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing game‐based assessments (GBAs) to assess and select job applicants presents the dual challenges of measuring intended job‐relevant constructs while analyzing GBA data that contain more predictors than observations. Exploring those challenges, we analyzed two GBAs that were designed to measure conscientiousness facets (i.e., achievement striving, self‐discipline, and cautiousness). Scores on traditional measures of personality and cognitive ability were modeled using either a restricted set of GBA predictors using cross‐validated ordinary least squares (OLS) regression or by the fuller set (p = 248) using random forests regression. Overall, the prediction of personality was near‐zero; but the latter approach explained 14%–30% of the variance in predicting cognitive ability. Our findings warn of GBAs potentially measuring unintended constructs rather than their intended constructs.
Useful predictors of progression‐free survival for Japanese patients with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer who received upfront abiraterone acetate
Authors: Takahara Kiyoshi , Naiki Taku , Ito Toshiki , Nakane Keita , Koie Takuya , Yasui Takahiro , Miyake Hideaki , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveRecently, hormonal therapy using abiraterone acetate, a second‐generation androgen receptor axis‐targeted agent, was reported to improve overall survival and progression‐free survival in men with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer. This observational multicenter study aimed to assess the efficacy of upfront abiraterone acetate in Japanese patients with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer.MethodsThe present study included 112 Japanese patients with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer who received upfront abiraterone acetate at four institutions belonging to the Tokai Urologic Oncology Research Seminar group, between January 2018 and September 2020. Progression‐free survival and overall survival were assessed, and Cox regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the prognostic significance of upfront abiraterone acetate for progression‐free survival.ResultsWithin a median follow‐up period of 13 months, the progression‐free survival and overall survival rates were 76.8% and 89.3%, respectively. Both univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that the presence of Gleason pattern 5, performance status and hemoglobin were independent predictors of progression‐free survival. The patients were subsequently divided into three groups as follows: group 1, 17 patients negative for these three independent progression‐free survival predictors; group 2, 49 patients with one positive independent progression‐free survival predictor; and group 3, 45 patients with two or three independent progression‐free survival predictors. Progression‐free survival was significantly different among these three groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionUpfront abiraterone acetate might provide satisfactory outcomes for Japanese patients with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer. Gleason pattern 5, performance status and hemoglobin are potential predictors of progression‐free survival in Japanese patients with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer who received upfront abiraterone acetate.
Contribution of climate models and APSIM phenological parameters to uncertainties in spring wheat simulations: Application of SUFI‐2 algorithm in northeast Australia
Authors: Collins Brian , Najeeb Ullah , Luo Qunying , Tan Daniel K. Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe used SUFI‐2 for the first time to calibrate the phenology module of the APSIM‐wheat model for 10 spring wheat cultivars cultivated in northeast Australia (south‐eastern Queensland). Calibration resulted in an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.5 days for developmental stages from stem elongation up to flowering. Projections from 33 climate models under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 were used for simulations at 17 sites. Using adapted sowing times, we simulated significantly shorter crop cycles and grain yield improvements for the period 2036–2065 relative to 1990–2019 for three selected cultivars (Hartog, Scout and Gregory). Photoperiod and vernalisation sensitivities were shown to be the largest and smallest contributors to total uncertainties in the simulated flowering day and grain yield, respectively. Uncertainties in climate models had a relatively minor contribution to the total uncertainties in the simulated values of target traits. This contribution significantly increased when climate change impact on the target traits was quantified.
Karlodinium veneficum: Growth optimization, metabolite characterization and biotechnological potential survey
Authors: Assunção Joana , Amaro Helena M. , Lopes Graciliana , Tavares Tânia , Malcata F. Xavier , Guedes A. Catarina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim of this study
The major aim of this work was to consistently optimize the production of biomass of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum and evaluate its extracts biotechnological potential application towards food, nutraceutical or/and pharmaceutical industries.

Methods and results
A successful approach of biomass production of K. veneficum CCMP 2936 was optimized along with the chemical characterization of its metabolite profile. Several temperatures (12, 16, 20, 25, 30°C), L1 nutrient concentrations (0.5×, 2×, 2.5×, 3×) and NaCl concentrations (20, 25, 30, 40 g L−1) were tested. The growth rate was maximum at 16°C, 2× nutrient concentration and 40 g L−1 of NaCl; hence, these conditions were chosen for bulk production of biomass. Methanolic extracts were prepared, and pigments, lipids and phenolic compounds were assessed; complemented by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, and cytotoxicity. Fucoxanthin and derivatives accounted for 0.06% of dry weight, and up to 60% (w/w) of all quantified metabolites were lipids. Said extracts displayed high antioxidant capacity, as towards assessed via the NO•− and ABTS•+ assays (IC50 = 109.09 ± 6.73 and 266.46 ± 2.25 µgE ml−1, respectively), unlike observed via the O2•− assay (IC25 reaching 56.06 ± 5.56 µgE ml−1). No signs of cytotoxicity were observed.

Conclusions
Karlodinium veneficum biomass production was consistently optimized in terms of temperature, L1 nutrient concentrations and NaCl concentration. In addition, this strain appears promising for eventual biotechnological exploitation.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This work provides fundamental insights about the growth and potential of value-added compounds of dinoflagellate K. veneficum. Dinoflagellates, as K. veneficum are poorly studied regarding its biomass production and added-value compounds for potential biotechnological exploitation. These organisms are difficult to maintain and grow in the laboratory. Thus, any fundamental contribution is relevant to share with the scientific community.
The FaFlbA mutant of Fusarium asiaticum is significantly increased in nivalenol production
Authors: Fang Xin , Dong Fei , Wang Shuang , Wang Gang , Wu Deliang , Lee Yin-Won , Ramzy Mohamed Sherif , Goda Amira Abdel-Karim , Xu Jianhong , Shi Jianrong , Liu Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Cereals contaminated with type B trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) and its acetylated derivative 4-acetyl-nivalenol (4-AcNIV) are a global mycotoxicological problem threatening the health of humans and livestock. Toxicological studies, quantitative determinations and screening for biodegrading micro-organisms require massive amounts of pure toxins. However, the low yield from fungal cultures and high prices of NIV and 4-AcNIV limit research progress in these areas. This work aimed to select Fusarium asiaticum mutant strains with enhanced production of NIV and 4-AcNIV.

Methods and Results
A total of 62 NIV-producing F. asiaticum strains were isolated and compared regarding their ability to produce NIV. Strain RR108 had the highest yield of NIV among 62 field isolates surveyed and was then genetically modified for higher production. Targeted deletion of the FaFlbA gene, encoding a regulator of G protein signalling protein, resulted in a significant increase in NIV and 4-AcNIV production in the FaFlbA deletion mutant ΔFaFlbA. The expression of three TRI genes involved in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway was upregulated in ΔFaFlbA. ΔFaFlbA produced the highest amount of NIV and 4-AcNIV when cultured in brown long-grain rice for 21 days, and the yields were 2.07 and 2.84 g kg−1, respectively. The mutant showed reduced fitness, including reduced conidiation, loss of perithecial development and decreased virulence on wheat heads, which makes it biologically safe for large-scale preparation and purification of NIV and 4-AcNIV.

Conclusions
The F. asiaticum mutant strain ΔFaFlbA presented improved production of NIV and 4-AcNIV with reduced fitness and virulence in plants.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Targeted deletion of the FaFlbA gene resulted in increased NIV and 4-AcNIV production. Our results provide a practical approach using genetic modification for large-scale mycotoxin production.
Occurrence and clinical significance of abnormal liver findings by ultrasound in captive owl monkeys
Authors: S. C. Takeshita Rafaela , da Silva Gessiane Pereira , Monteiro Maria Vivina Barros , Pereira Washington Luiz Assunção , Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundImaging diagnostic methods are essential for a complete understanding of the liver function and may aid in early detection of hepatic disorders.MethodsSixty‐nine owl monkeys were grouped in three age groups (AG): AG1 (<2 years old, n = 14), 2 (2–6 years old, n = 21), and 3 (>7 years old, n = 34). The animals were evaluated by ultrasound, liver function tests, and hemogram.ResultsThe ultrasound revealed abnormal findings in the parenchyma (“starry sky” and steatosis) and/or in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis, septum, and wall edema) in 17 individuals, with higher incidence in AG3 individuals. Seven hepatic individuals showed alterations in the blood tests.ConclusionOur study reported the occurrence of abnormal liver findings by ultrasound in owl monkeys and their associated clinical analyses. We recommend the regular use of ultrasound to evaluate liver condition in owl monkeys, particularly in old individuals.
Breakdown of the blood–brain barrier: A mediator of increased Alzheimer's risk in patients with metabolic disorders?
Authors: Frank Corey J. , McNay Ewan C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetabolic disorders (MDs), including type 1 and 2 diabetes and chronic obesity, are among the faster growing diseases globally and are a primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The term “type‐3 diabetes” has been proposed for AD due to the interrelated cellular, metabolic, and immune features shared by diabetes, insulin resistance (IR), and the cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration found in AD. Patients with MDs and/or AD commonly exhibit altered glucose homeostasis and IR; systemic chronic inflammation encompassing all of the periphery, blood–brain barrier (BBB), and central nervous system; pathological vascular remodeling; and increased BBB permeability that allows transfusion of neurotoxic molecules from the blood to the brain. This review summarizes the components of the BBB, mechanisms through which MDs alter BBB permeability via immune and metabolic pathways, the contribution of BBB dysfunction to the manifestation and progression of AD, and current avenues of therapeutic research that address BBB permeability. In addition, issues with the translational applicability of current animal models of AD regarding BBB dysfunction and proposals for future directions of research that address the relationship between MDs, BBB dysfunction, and AD are discussed.
Brain functional connectivity in patients with hyperthyroidism after anti‐thyroid treatment
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Sadhana , Rana Poonam , Modi Shilpi , Sekhri Tarun , Kanwar Ratnesh , D’Souza Maria , Khushu Subash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThyroid disease is known to affect brain metabolism and cognitive function, although the recovery of thyroid‐induced brain functional changes after treatment remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the alteration in brain functional connectivity and its correlation with neuropsychological variables in hyperthyroid patients before and after anti‐thyroid treatment using a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) technique. This is a follow‐up rsfMRI study of previous work that showed impaired brain functional connectivity in hyperthyroid patients compared to healthy controls. We included rsfMRI and neuropsychological data from 21 hyperthyroid patients out of an original cohort of 28 patients, before and after anti‐thyroid treatment for 30 weeks. Functional connectivity analysis and neuropsychological scores were compared using paired t tests in patients at baseline and at follow‐up. Patients showed an improvement in some of the memory (p < .05) and executive, visuospatial and motor (p < .001) functions after treatment, and also showed increased functional connectivity in the regions of the right fronto‐parietal network, left fronto‐parietal network, and default mode network (DMN) (p < .05). At follow‐up, the functional connectivity of the right fronto‐parietal network showed a significantly positive correlation with the recognition of objects memory score. The overall findings suggest that anti‐thyroid treatment with carbimazole improves the functional connectivity within some of the resting state networks in the hyperthyroid patients, whereas the remaining networks still show impairment.
Validated 5‐point photonumeric scales for the assessment of the periorbital region
Authors: Pavicic Tatjana , Pooth Rainer , Prinz Valentina , Cajkovsky Mia , Green Jeremy B. , Hernandez Claudia A. , Mueller Daniel S. , Sattler Sonja , Klepetko Heike , Day Doris , Kerscher Martina , Suwanchinda Atchima , Cotofana Sebastian , Frank Konstantin , Fabi Sabrina G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to create and validate 5‐point photonumeric scales for the assessment of dynamic crow's feet, static crow's feet, and infraorbital hollows.Material and methodsThree novel 5‐point photonumeric scales were created by a medical team. A total of 12 raters from all over the world performed a digital validation, and a total of 5 raters a live validation of the created scale.ResultsThe statistical analysis revealed almost perfect intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability in the digital validation of the scales for the assessment of static and dynamic crow's feet as well as infraorbital hollows. In the live validation, both crow's feet scales showed almost perfect intra‐rater reliability, while the Croma Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale showed substantial intra‐rater reliability. Inter‐rater reliability was substantial for all three scales in the live validation. All three scales, the Croma Dynamic Crow's Feet Assessment Scale, Croma Static Crow's Feet Assessment Scale, and Croma Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale, were validated digitally and in a live setting.ConclusionThe created scales to assess infraorbital hollowing, dynamic and static crow's feet have been shown to provide substantial to almost perfect agreement in the digital and live validation and can thus be considered as helpful tools in the clinical and research setting. While technical methods and appliances to assess the degrees of severity of age‐dependent features are advancing, validated scales are of great importance due to their ease of use and, as shown by the validations, reliability, and reproducibility.
Experience as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Performance Outcome Delays in the Private Equity Context
Authors: Castellaneta Francesco , Gottschalg Oliver , Kacperczyk Aleksandra , Wright Mike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA large body of work argues that the accumulation of organizational experience fosters learning because firms can correctly modify their understandings on the basis of past actions and their outcomes. But although performance information on past decisions can often be delayed, little research considered how firms respond to experience without complete performance information. In this study, we propose that experience is a double‐edged sword: whereas experience with performance feedback can foster learning, experience without complete performance feedback impedes learning. Using a sample of 7,223 private equity buyout investments, we find that experience with (in)complete performance information increases (decreases) the performance of a subsequent investment. The positive impact of experience with complete performance information is amplified when firms engage in search, following a shortfall in their performance. Moreover, we find that experience with (in)complete performance information decreases (increases) excessive risk taking. Overall, we advance the experiential learning literature by unpacking the positive and negative impact of experiential learning.
Dropout and adherence of obstructive sleep apnoea patients to mandibular advancement device therapy: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Bortolotti Francesco , Corazza Giulia , Bartolucci Maria Lavinia , Incerti Parenti Serena , Paganelli Corrado , Alessandri‐Bonetti Giulio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMandibular advancement devices (MADs) are used as an alternative to continuous positive airways pressure to treat obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, but to date, specific data on the adherence to MAD therapy are lacking.ObjectivesThe aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the dropout rate and adherence of OSA patients to different custom‐made (CM) and non‐custom‐made (NCM) MAD therapies.Search MethodsAn electronic search was performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, LILACS and Web of Science.Selection CriteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the compliance to customised and not customised MADs in the treatment of adult OSA patients were included.Data Collection and AnalysisThe quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and the risk of bias by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in RCT. The dropout rate of each study was computed and the adherence to MAD therapy in terms of hours per night and nights per week was extracted from each study.ResultsThirty‐two RCTs were included. The risk of bias resulted low in most of the studies. The GRADE scores indicated that the quality of evidence was from very low to moderate. The meta‐analyses showed that the mean dropout rate did not significantly differ between CM and NCM MADs: The overall mean dropout rate was 0.171 [0.128–0.213] with a mean follow‐up of 4.1 months. The hours per night adherence was significantly higher for CM MADs (6.418 [6.033–6.803]) compared to NCM MADs (5.107 [4.324–5.890]. The meta‐regression showed that the dropout rate increases significantly during time (p < .05).ConclusionsThere is a very low to moderate quality of evidence that the dropout rate of MAD therapy is similar among CM and NCM MADs, that the dropout rate increases significantly during time and that CM MADs have higher hours per night adherence compared with NCM MAD.RegistrationThe study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (n. CRD42020199866).
Methyl donor supplementation alters serum leptin levels and increases appetite but not body weight in cross‐fostered male Syrian hamster offspring (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Gündüz Bülent , Okimoto Darren K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA pregnant hamster's exposure to changes in environmental factors, such as light, temperature and nutrition, may influence behavioural and physiological changes in offspring. In this study, dietary methyl donor supplementation was employed to examine the role of maternal diet on appetite, body weight, serum leptin levels and locomotor activity in male Syrian hamster offspring. Dams were fed a standard control (SC) or methyl donor‐supplemented (MDSD) diet through pregnancy and lactation. At birth, offspring were cross‐fostered to dams fed an SC or MDSD diet (SC‐MDSD and MDSD‐SC) or remained with their birth mothers (SC‐SC and MDSD‐MDSD). At weaning, offspring were fed a SC or MDSD diet until 60 days of age. Food intake, serum leptin levels and locomotor activity were measured from 30–60 days of age. Offspring fed a MDSD diet post‐weaning (MDSD‐MDSD and SC‐MDSD) consumed more than double the amount of food daily compared with offspring fed a SC diet post‐weaning (SC‐SC, MDSD‐SC). Interestingly, there were no observed differences in body weight among all four groups. Serum leptin levels at 60 days of age were depressed in offspring fed a MDSD diet post‐weaning (MDSD‐MDSD and SC‐MDSD). There were no observed differences in wheel running activity between the SC‐SC and MDSC‐SC groups. Wheel running activity was at least twice the amount in offspring fed a MDSD diet post‐weaning (SC‐MDSD and MDSD‐MDSD). Taken together, these results indicate that the timing of methyl donor supplementation appears to be an important factor during the development of offspring.
Telomeres in ecology and evolution: A review and classification of hypotheses
Authors: Tobler Michael , Gómez‐Blanco David , Hegemann Arne , Lapa Mariana , Neto Júlio M. , Tarka Maja , Xiong Ye , Hasselquist Dennis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch on telomeres in the fields of ecology and evolution has been rapidly expanding over the last two decades. This has resulted in the formulation of a multitude of, often name‐given, hypotheses related to the associations between telomeres and life‐history traits or fitness‐facilitating processes (and the mechanisms underlying them). However, the differences (or similarities) between the various hypotheses, which can originate from different research fields, are often not obvious. Our aim here is therefore to give an overview of the hypotheses that are of interest in ecology and evolution and to provide two frameworks that help discriminate among them. We group the hypotheses (i) based on their association with different research questions, and (ii) using a hierarchical approach that builds on the assumptions they make, such as about causality of telomere length/shortening and/or the proposed functional consequences of telomere shortening on organism performance. Both our frameworks show that there exist parallel lines of thoughts in different research fields. Moreover, they also clearly illustrate that there are in many cases competing hypotheses within clusters, and that some of these even have contradictory assumptions and/or predictions. We also touch upon two topics in telomere research that would benefit from further conceptualization. This review should help researchers, both those familiar with and those new to the subject, to identify future avenues of research.