bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Women in Hypogamous Unions More Depressed? A Cross-National Comparison among the Highly Educated
Authors: Potarca Gina , Rossier Clémentine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to educational expansion, women are now increasingly over-represented in higher education. Faced with diminished opportunities to homogamously match, a rising number of women opt for lower educated partners (female hypogamy). Up to now, patterns of women’s mental health across educational sorting configurations have remained largely undocumented. Compared to those in homogamous couples, hypogamous women may be more vulnerable to stress and poor mental health given a presumably stronger double burden, lower partnership quality, or greater financial strain. In this study, we explore whether hypogamy is linked to greater levels of depression among highly educated women. We also examine contextual variation by looking at the effect of three dimensions of gender regimes: women’s educational advantage, family-related social spending, and gender pay gap. The study investigates women’s depression in 69 country-period clusters across 27 countries (N = 9,659) via a series of multilevel linear regression models drawing on data from three rounds of the European Social Survey (2006, 2012, and 2014). Results confirmed that women in hypogamous unions were more depressed than those in homogamous couples, largely due to greater economic insecurity. We also found that the mental health disadvantage of hypogamous women, especially when married, faded in contexts that institutionally and economically promoted gender equality and female empowerment.
Does the Local Presence of Asylum Seekers Affect Attitudes toward Asylum Seekers? Results from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Deiss-Helbig Elisa , Remer Uwe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influx of refugees to Europe is a topic that dominates the political and media agenda. Furthermore, the installation of asylum-seeker centres (ASCs) has made asylum seekers and refugees highly visible in the everyday life of many European citizens. Drawing on theories of ethnic threat and intergroup contact, we examine how geospatial proximity to ASCs translates into threat or contact in an everyday context and how this affects attitudes toward asylum seekers. By taking advantage of a natural experiment, where the ASCs are assigned to city districts as-if at random, as well as innovating measures of outgroup exposure and geospatial proximity, we find that, although higher numbers of asylum seekers in one’s own neighbourhood are related to an increased perception of their local presence, the actual presence of asylum seekers does not lead to more negative attitudes or a greater threat perception, nor to more frequent contact. It is only when the number of asylum seekers in one’s own direct neighbourhood suddenly increases that attitudes toward asylum seekers deteriorate.
Prognostic value of stress echocardiography assessed by the ABCDE protocol
Authors: Ciampi Quirino , Zagatina Angela , Cortigiani Lauro , Wierzbowska-Drabik Karina , Kasprzak Jaroslaw D , Haberka Maciej , Djordjevic-Dikic Ana , Beleslin Branko , Boshchenko Alla , Ryabova Tamara , Gaibazzi Nicola , Rigo Fausto , Dodi Claudio , Simova Iana , Samardjieva Martina , Barbieri Andrea , Morrone Doralisa , Lorenzoni Valentina , Prota Costantina , Villari Bruno , Antonini-Canterin Francesco , Pepi Mauro , Carpeggiani Clara , Pellikka Patricia A , Picano Eugenio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of ABCDE-SE in a prospective, large scale, multicentre, international, effectiveness study. Stress echocardiography (SE) was recently upgraded to the ABCDE protocol: step A, regional wall motion abnormalities; step B, B lines; step C, left ventricular contractile reserve; step D, Doppler-based coronary flow velocity reserve in left anterior descending coronary artery; and step E, electrocardiogram-based heart rate reserve.

Methods and results
From July 2016 to November 2020, we enrolled 3574 all-comers (age 65 ± 11 years, 2070 males, 58%; ejection fraction 60 ± 10%) with known or suspected chronic coronary syndromes referred from 13 certified laboratories. All patients underwent clinically indicated ABCDE-SE. The employed stress modality was exercise (n = 952, with semi-supine bike, n = 887, or treadmill, n = 65 with adenosine for step D) or pharmacological stress (n = 2622, with vasodilator, n = 2151; or dobutamine, n = 471). SE response ranged from score 0 (all steps normal) to score 5 (all steps abnormal). All-cause death was the only endpoint. Rate of abnormal results was 16% for A, 30% for B, 36% for C, 28% for D, and 37% for E steps. During a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range: 13–36), 73 deaths occurred. Global X 2 was 49.5 considering clinical variables, 50.7 after step A only (P = NS (not significant)) and 80.6 after B–E steps (P &lt; 0.001 vs. step A). Annual mortality rate ranged from 0.4% person-year for score 0 up to 2.7% person-year for score 5.

Conclusion
ABCDE-SE allows an effective prediction of survival in patients with chronic coronary syndromes.
Cardiomyocyte-produced miR-339-5p mediates pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gartz Melanie , Beatka Margaret , Prom Mariah J , Strande Jennifer L , Lawlor Michael W 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease characterized by severe, progressive muscle wasting. Cardiomyopathy has emerged as a leading cause of death in patients with DMD. The mechanisms contributing to DMD cardiac disease remain under investigation and specific therapies available are lacking. Our prior work has shown that DMD-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (DMD-iCMs) are vulnerable to oxidative stress injury and chronic exposure to DMD-secreted exosomes impaired the cell’s ability to protect against stress. In this study, we sought to examine a mechanism by which DMD cardiac exosomes impair cellular response through altering important stress-responsive genes in the recipient cells. Here, we report that DMD-iCMs secrete exosomes containing altered microRNA (miR) profiles in comparison to healthy controls. In particular, miR-339-5p was upregulated in DMD-iCMs, DMD exosomes and mdx mouse cardiac tissue. Restoring dystrophin in DMD-iCMs improved the cellular response to stress and was associated with downregulation of miR-339-5p, suggesting that it is disease-specific. Knockdown of miR-339-5p was associated with increased expression of MDM2, GSK3A and MAP2K3, which are genes involved in important stress-responsive signaling pathways. Finally, knockdown of miR-339-5p led to mitochondrial protection and a reduction in cell death in DMD-iCMs, indicating miR-339-5p is involved in direct modulation of stress-responsiveness. Together, these findings identify a potential mechanism by which exosomal miR-339-5p may be modulating cell signaling pathways that are important for robust stress responses. Additionally, these exosomal miRs may provide important disease-specific targets for future therapeutic advancements for the management and diagnosis of DMD cardiomyopathy.
Higher adiposity and mental health: causal inference using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Casanova Francesco , O’Loughlin Jessica , Martin Susan , Beaumont Robin N , Wood Andrew R , Watkins Edward R , Freathy Rachel M , Hagenaars Saskia P , Frayling Timothy M , Yaghootkar Hanieh , Tyrrell Jess 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Higher adiposity is an established risk factor for psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety. The associations between adiposity and depression may be explained by the metabolic consequences and/or by the psychosocial impact of higher adiposity. We performed one- and two- sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in up to 145 668 European participants from the UK Biobank to test for a causal effect of higher adiposity on 10 well-validated mental health and well-being outcomes derived using the Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). We used three sets of adiposity genetic instruments: (a) a set of 72 BMI genetic variants, (b) a set of 36 favourable adiposity variants and (c) a set of 38 unfavourable adiposity variants. We additionally tested causal relationships (1) in men and women separately, (2) in a subset of individuals not taking antidepressants and (3) in non-linear MR models. Two-sample MR provided evidence that a genetically determined one standard deviation (1-SD) higher BMI (4.6 kg/m2) was associated with higher odds of current depression [OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.95] and lower well-being [ß: −0.15, 95%CI: −0.26, −0.04]. Findings were similar when using the metabolically favourable and unfavourable adiposity variants, with higher adiposity associated with higher odds of depression and lower well-being scores. Our study provides further evidence that higher BMI causes higher odds of depression and lowers well-being. Using genetics to separate out metabolic and psychosocial effects, our study suggests that in the absence of adverse metabolic effects higher adiposity remains causal to depression and lowers well-being.
A Critical Reflection on the Right to the Truth about Gross Human Rights Violations
Authors: van Noorloos Marloes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The right to the truth about gross human rights violations is gradually becoming more firmly entrenched in international human rights law. However, the content and contours of the right to the truth are not without controversy. Some of the most pressing issues that have arisen are the extent of society’s right to the truth, the scope of the truth that it pursues (fact-finding or broader historical truth) and the relationship between truth seeking and official acknowledgment.
This article turns to multidisciplinary research about truth seeking and memory with regard to gross human rights violations, which provides rich insights into the role of truth in the aftermath of mass atrocities that can shed light on the possible implications of the right to the truth. It thus provides a critical reflection on the right to the truth, in order to consider how it could perform a valuable function.
Revisiting the Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Coates Matthew D , Ba Djibril M , Liu Guodong , Dalessio Shannon , Leslie Douglas L , Huang Xuemei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Several studies have reported an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study is to re-evaluate for an association between IBD and PD while controlling for potential socioeconomic and environmental confounders.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Truven Health Marketscan database between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014. Individuals with IBD and household age-matched controls were identified. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for the development of incident PD, adjusting for age, sex, residence type, US region, comorbidities, and behavior.

Results
In all, 154 051 subjects with IBD and an equal number of controls were identified. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.8 (2.2) years, 132 incident PD cases were identified. There was no significant association between IBD and PD (adjusted HR, 1.01; 0.72–1.42) when adjusting for the confounders previously mentioned.

Conclusions
We found no statistically significant association between these disorders. It is possible that previous associations identified between these disorders were confounded by environmental and socioeconomic factors.
Understanding Organismal Capacity to Respond to Anthropogenic Change: Barriers and Solutions
Authors: Gabor Caitlin R , Kivlin Stephanie N , Hua Jessica , Bickford Nate , Reiskind Martha O Burford , Wright Timothy F 
Published: July 2021

SynopsisGlobal environmental changes induced by human activities are forcing organisms to respond at an unprecedented pace. At present we have only a limited understanding of why some species possess the capacity to respond to these changes while others do not. We introduce the concept of multidimensional phenospace as an organizing construct to understanding organismal evolutionary responses to environmental change. We then describe five barriers that currently challenge our ability to understand these responses: (1) Understanding the parameters of environmental change and their fitness effects, (2) Mapping and integrating phenotypic and genotypic variation, (3) Understanding whether changes in phenospace are heritable, (4) Predicting consistency of genotype to phenotype patterns across space and time, and (5) Determining which traits should be prioritized to understand organismal response to environmental change. For each we suggest one or more solutions that would help us surmount the barrier and improve our ability to predict, and eventually manipulate, organismal capacity to respond to anthropogenic change. Additionally, we provide examples of target species that could be useful to examine interactions between phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution in changing phenospace.
Numerical continuation of spiral waves in heteroclinic networks of cyclic dominance
Authors: Hasan Cris R , Osinga Hinke M , Postlethwaite Claire M , Rucklidge Alastair M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeteroclinic-induced spiral waves may arise in systems of partial differential equations that exhibit robust heteroclinic cycles between spatially uniform equilibria. Robust heteroclinic cycles arise naturally in systems with invariant subspaces, and their robustness is considered with respect to perturbations that preserve these invariances. We make use of particular symmetries in the system to formulate a relatively low-dimensional spatial two-point boundary-value problem in Fourier space that can be solved efficiently in conjunction with numerical continuation. The standard numerical set-up is formulated on an annulus with small inner radius, and Neumann boundary conditions are used on both inner and outer radial boundaries. We derive and implement alternative boundary conditions that allow for continuing the inner radius to zero and so compute spiral waves on a full disk. As our primary example, we investigate the formation of heteroclinic-induced spiral waves in a reaction–diffusion model that describes the spatiotemporal evolution of three competing populations in a 2D spatial domain—much like the Rock–Paper–Scissors game. We further illustrate the efficiency of our method with the computation of spiral waves in a larger network of cyclic dominance between five competing species, which describes the so-called Rock–Paper–Scissors–Lizard–Spock game.
Rigorous antibiotic stewardship in the hospitalized elderly population: saving lives and decreasing cost of inpatient care
Authors: Mauro James , Kannangara Saman , Peterson Joanne , Livert David , Tuma Roman A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited literature evaluating the effect of antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) in hospitalized geriatric patients, who are at higher risk for readmissions, developing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) or other adverse outcomes secondary to antibiotic treatments.MethodsIn this cohort study we compare the rates of 30 day hospital readmissions because of reinfection or development of CDI in patients 65 years and older who received ASP interventions between January and June 2017. We also assessed their mortality rates and length of stay. Patients were included if they received antibiotics for pneumonia, urinary tract infection, acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection or complicated intra-abdominal infection. The ASP team reviewed patients on antibiotics daily. ASP interventions included de-escalation of empirical or definitive therapy, change in duration of therapy or discontinuation of therapy. Treatment failure was defined as readmission because of reinfection or a new infection. A control group of patients 65 years and older who received antibiotics between January and June 2015 (pre-ASP) was analysed for comparison.ResultsWe demonstrated that the 30 day hospital readmission rate for all infection types decreased during the ASP intervention period from 24.9% to 9.3%, P &lt; 0.001. The rate of 30 day readmissions because of CDI decreased during the intervention period from 2.4% to 0.30%, P = 0.02. Mortality in the cohort that underwent ASP interventions decreased from 9.6% to 5.4%, P = 0.03. Lastly, antibiotic expenditure decreased after implementation of the ASP from $23.3 to $4.3 per adjusted patient day, in just 6 months.ConclusionsRigorous de-escalation and curtailing of antibiotic therapies were beneficial and without risk for the hospitalized patients 65 years and over.
Dermatan sulphate is an activating ligand of anaplastic lymphoma kinase
Authors: Machino Masaaki , Gong Yuanhao , Ozaki Tomoya , Suzuki Yuji , Watanabe Eri , Imagama Shiro , Kadomatsu Kenji , Sakamoto Kazuma 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that harbours a tyrosine kinase domain in its intracellular region and is expressed in both central and peripheral nervous systems. RTKs are activated upon ligand binding and receptor clustering; however, ALK remains an orphan receptor despite its pathological significance, especially in malignancy. Recent biochemical work showed that heparan sulphate (HS), an unbranched sulphated glycan, acts as a ligand for and activates ALK. Here, we show that dermatan sulphate (DS, chondroitin sulphate B) directly interacts with the extracellular N-terminal region of ALK as well as HS. The tetrasaccharide of DS was required and was sufficient for inducing autophosphorylation of ALK at tyrosine 1604, a marker for activated ALK. Interestingly, longer oligosaccharides caused enhanced activation of ALK, as was the case for HS. Our results provide a novel example of glycans as signalling molecules and shed light on the pathophysiological roles of ALK.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zeleznik Oana A , Balasubramanian Raji , Ren Yumeng , Tobias Deirdre K , Rosner Bernard A , Peng Cheng , Bever Alaina M , Frueh Lisa , Jeanfavre Sarah , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Clish Clary B , Mora Samia , Hu Frank B , Eliassen A Heather 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels reflect metabolic health and dietary intake. However, associations with breast cancer are unclear.

Methods
We evaluated circulating BCAA levels and breast cancer risk within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII (1997 cases and 1997 controls). A total of 592 NHS women donated 2 blood samples 10 years apart. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer risk in multivariable logistic regression models. We conducted an external validation in 1765 cases in the Women’s Health Study (WHS). All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Among NHSII participants (predominantly premenopausal at blood collection), elevated circulating BCAA levels were associated with lower breast cancer risk (eg, isoleucine highest vs lowest quartile, multivariable OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.13, Ptrend = .20), with statistically significant linear trends among fasting samples (eg, isoleucine OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1.05, Ptrend = .05). In contrast, among postmenopausal women, proximate measures (&lt;10 years from blood draw) were associated with increased breast cancer risk (eg, isoleucine OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.39, Ptrend = .01), with stronger associations among fasting samples (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.61, Ptrend = .01). Distant measures (10-20 years since blood draw) were not associated with risk. In the WHS, a positive association was observed for distant measures of leucine among postmenopausal women (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.58, Ptrend = .04).

Conclusions
No statistically significant associations between BCAA levels and breast cancer risk were consistent across NHS and WHS or NHSII and WHS. Elevated circulating BCAA levels were associated with lower breast cancer risk among predominantly premenopausal NHSII women and higher risk among postmenopausal women in NHS but not in the WHS. Additional studies are needed to understand this complex relationship.
On the behaviour of coalgebras with side effects and algebras with effectful iteration
Authors: Adámek Jiří , Milius Stefan , Urbat Henning 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For every finitary monad $T$ on sets and every endofunctor $F$ on the category of $T$-algebras, we introduce the concept of an ffg-Elgot algebra for $F$, i.e. an algebra admitting coherent solutions for finite systems of recursive equations with effects represented by the monad $T$. The goal is to study the existence and construction of free ffg-Elgot algebras. To this end, we investigate the locally ffg fixed point $\varphi F$, i.e. the colimit of all $F$-coalgebras with free finitely generated carrier, which is shown to be the initial ffg-Elgot algebra. This is the technical foundation for our main result: the category of ffg-Elgot algebras is monadic over the category of $T$-algebras.
Disc accretion shocks with alpha viscosity
Authors: Fukue J 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Shocks in rotating disc accretion flows under the vertically hydrostatic equilibrium are examined, taking into account the α viscosity. For the case that the stress tensor is proportional to the gas pressure, and neglects the effects of the mixture of gas and radiation pressure, we derive analytical expressions for jump conditions of disc accretion shocks with alpha viscosity; they would be useful for various disc accretion problems. As in the usual accretion disc, the alpha viscosity works as angular momentum transport and heat generation. When a steadily standing shock wave is generated in a disc, due to the viscous effect, the azimuthal velocity discontinuously decreases in the post-shock region inside the front. For sufficiently strong shocks, the post-shock azimuthal velocity vanishes; in other words, the rotating accretion flows turn to the radially accretion ones, after passing the shock front. This vanishing condition is roughly expressed as $\alpha {\cal M}_1/{\cal M}_{\varphi 1}$ 1, where α is the viscous alpha parameter, ${\cal M}_1$ the pre-shock radial Mach number, and ${\cal M}_{\varphi 1}$ the pre-shock azimuthal Mach number. Furthermore, due to the viscous heating, the disc height increases and the surface density decreases in the post-shock region, compared to the non-viscous case. This angular momentum transport via disc shocks would affect the accretion spin-up of the central objects and accretion problems in general.