bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dots and boxes algorithm for Peierls substitution: application to multidomain topological insulators
Authors: Díaz-Bonifaz Ricardo Y , Ramírez Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Magnetic fields can be introduced into discrete models of quantum systems by the Peierls substitution. For tight-binding Hamiltonians, the substitution results in a set of (Peierls) phases that are usually calculated from the magnetic vector potential. As the potential is not unique, a convenient gauge can be chosen to fit the geometry and simplify calculations. However, if the magnetic field is non-uniform, finding a convenient gauge is challenging. In this work we propose to bypass the vector potential determination by calculating the Peierls phases exclusively from the gauge-invariant magnetic flux. The phases can be assigned following a graphic algorithm reminiscent of the paper and pencil game ‘dots and boxes’. We showcase the method implementation by calculating the interference phenomenon in a modified Aharonov–Bohm ring and propose a phase assignation alternative to the Landau gauge to reproduce the Half Integer Quantum Hall Effect in graphene. A non-uniform magnetic field case is addressed by considering a multi-domain Chern insulator to study the effects of domain walls in resistance and current quantization. It is found that adding decoherence and a finite temperature into the model results in quantized resistances that are in good agreement with experiments made with multi-domain intrinsic topological insulators.
Single-axis rotary inertial navigation system based on dual-IMU joint modulation
Authors: Lin Hongyi , Bian Hongwei , Zha Feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At present, large and medium-sized ships are usually equipped with two or more sets of inertial navigation systems, but the inertial navigation systems operate independently of each other, and this approach only improves the reliability of the navigation information, and does not improve the accuracy of the navigation information. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a dual-IMU joint modulation scheme, which ensures that there is an IMU in pause at any moment by reasonably designing the rotation strategy of the two sets of IMUs, so as to combine the data of the two IMUs in the time sequence. The scheme utilizes the symmetry of the rotational position to eliminate the error, and at the same time avoids the coupling error caused by the rotational motion of the IMUs, reduces the periodic error, and improves the navigation accuracy. Semi-physical simulation test results show that the improved joint modulation scheme has superior modulation effect on the device errors of inertial devices compared with the traditional rotational modulation scheme.
SnakeConv and SFC boosting precise segmentation on the crack of tunnel lining surface: based on DeepLabV3+ with improved Swin transformer V2
Authors: Li Longrong , Yang Yichen , Bian Mengqi , Li Zhipeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tunnel cracks pose a significant threat to structural integrity, potentially leading to localized collapse of the infrastructure. Traditional manual crack detection methods are prohibitively expensive, highlighting the need for an efficient and accurate automatic crack segmentation model. To address this challenge, we propose a novel crack segmentation model for subway tunnel lining surface based on the DeepLabV3+ architecture. In this model, we design an improved Swin transformer V2 Base (SwinV2*) as the backbone to enhance crack segmentation performance. Considering the tubular morphology of tunnel cracks, we introduce a snake convolution module to better capture their unique features. To prevent performance degradation when fusing shallow and deep features, we incorporate a spatial feature calibration module that facilitates feature alignment and grouping along the channel dimension. We assess our model’s effectiveness using thousands of crack images captured by the image acquisition system designed for subway tunnel surfaces. Experimental results show that our model achieves strong performance metrics: 68.96% IoU, 84.33% mIoU, 87.57% PA. Compared to the original DeepLabV3+, our approach demonstrates superior performance, with a 2.89% improvement in IoU, a 1.45% increase in mIoU and notably, a significant 10.39% improvement in PA.
Electrically-driven control of nanoscale chemical changes in amorphous complex oxide memristive devices
Authors: Román Acevedo Wilson , Aguirre Myriam H , Rubi Diego 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the electrical response response of amorphous complex oxide memristors under different electrical stimulation. With the help of transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, we observed that those devices stimulated with voltage display strong cationic segregation at the nanoscale together with the partial crystallization of the oxide layer. On the other hand, devices stimulated with current maintain their amorphous character with no significative chemical changes. Our analysis also shows that current stimulation leads to a more stable memristive response with smaller cycle-to-cycle variations. These findings could contribute to the design of more reliable oxide-based memristors and underscore the crucial effect that has type of electrical stimulation applied to the devices has on their integrity and reliability.
Passivation of acceptors in GaN by hydrogen and their activation
Authors: Reshchikov M A , Andrieiev O , Vorobiov M , Ye D , Demchenko D O , McEwen B , Shahedipour-Sandvik F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
GaN is an important semiconductor for energy-efficient light-emitting devices. Hydrogen plays a crucial role in gallium nitride (GaN) growth and processing. It can form electrically neutral complexes with acceptors during growth, which significantly increases the acceptor incorporation. Post-growth annealing dissociates these complexes and is widely utilized for activating Mg acceptors and achieving conductive p-type GaN. In this work, we demonstrate that other acceptors, such as C and Be, also form complexes with hydrogen similar to Mg. The effect of thermal annealing of GaN on photoluminescence (PL) was investigated. In samples moderately doped with Be, the BeGa-related yellow luminescence (YLBe) band intensity decreased by up to an order of magnitude after annealing in N2 ambient at temperatures T
ann = 400 °C–900 °C. This was explained by the release of hydrogen from unknown traps and the passivation of the BeGa acceptors. A similar drop of PL intensity at T
ann = 350 °C–900 °C was observed for the CN-related YL1 band in unintentionally C-doped GaN and also attributed to passivation of the CN acceptors by hydrogen released from unknown defects. In this case, the formation of the CNHi complexes was confirmed by the observation of the rising BL2 band associated with these complexes. At T
ann > 900 °C, both the YLBe and YL1 intensities were restored, which was explained by the removal of hydrogen from the samples. Experimental results were compared to the first principles calculations of complex dissociation and hydrogen diffusion paths in GaN.
The measurement of phenols with graphitic carbon fiber microelectrodes and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Abdullaeva Cam , Alyamni Nadiah , Jessen-Hegelbach Jackie , Zestos Alexander G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A phenol contains a six-membered, conjugated, aromatic ring bound to a hydroxyl group. These molecules are important in biomedical studies, aromatic food preparation, and petroleum engineering. Traditionally, phenols have been measured with several analytical techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, fluorescence, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. These assays provide for relatively high sensitivity and selectivity measurements, but they suffer from relatively low spatiotemporal resolution, low biocompatibility, long analysis time, high cost, and complex sample treatment. Recently, electrochemistry has served as a viable alternative to the measurement of phenols. In this study, we utilized carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for the sensitive and selective measurement of phenols. We tested four common phenolic compounds: phenol, 2-methylaminophenol (2-MAP), 4-methylaminophenol (4-MAP), and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA). We found that phenol, 2-MAP, 4-MAP, and 3-HBA were all partially adsorption and diffusion controlled to the surface of the CFMEs and that all four molecules could be detected with repeated injections. Structural differences led to varied sensitivities amongst the four phenols, and we were able to co-detect and differentiate the phenols in complex solutions with dopamine and serotonin. Lastly, we measured the phenols in simulated urine with a high percent recovery. These assays demonstrate enhanced electrochemical measurement of phenols, which will create more effective diagnostics for these complex molecules to help elucidate their mechanistic properties and ultimate significance in a biological context.
Analysis and circuit implementation of fractional-order memristive hyperchaotic system with enhanced memory
Authors: Qiu Le , Li Sai , Xiong Tao , Wang Liheng , Ding Zhixia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, based on the memory characteristics of fractional calculus, a new fractional-order memristor is proposed. Fractional-order memristor is a more accurate description of memristor, which has richer dynamic behavior and better memory performance. Which has a stronger memorizability compared to other fractional-order memristor by analyzing the pinched hysteresis loop area. Based on the above fractional-order memristor, a fractional-order memristive hyperchaotic circuit is designed, such system is analyzed by using the Lyapunov Exponents and the bifurcation diagrams.With the change of system parameters, the phase trajectory of the system expands and narrows, and the amplitude of the chaotic attractor also changes. In addition, double chaotic attractors and coexisting attractors are found under different parameters and initial values. Finally, the fractional order memristor and the fractional order memristor hyperchaos circuit are realized by analog circuit in Multisim.
Enhanced Clean Energy Generation through Capacitive Electrode Utilization in Reverse Electrodialysis
Authors: Alghamdi Eman A. , Sai Refka , Alzahrani Khalid E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the potential of a novel energy generation method, Capacitive Reverse Electrodialysis (CRED), which combines seawater and river water to produce electricity. CRED integrates a membrane stack, similar to Reverse Electrodialysis (RED), with capacitive electrodes. The salinity gradient between the two water sources generates a potential difference across ion-selective membranes, enabling sustainable energy production. Unlike traditional RED systems that rely on redox reactions, CRED utilizes capacitive electrodes, preventing saturation and enhancing system longevity by periodically switching the water flows and reversing the direction of the electric current. The larger membrane stack in CRED allows for greater charge accumulation than previous capacitive mixing methods, leading to higher voltage and more efficient energy capture. As a result, CRED achieves a power density approximately ten times higher than previous capacitive power extraction trials, reaching performance levels comparable to or exceeding those of conventional RED systems with redox-based electrodes. Overall, CRED demonstrates a promising alternative to traditional energy generation methods, offering a stable, secure, environmentally friendly, and high-performance solution for harnessing energy from the mixing of saltwater and freshwater.
A simple formula for the critical temperature of D-dimensional Ising models
Authors: Ostilli Massimo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a simple equation for the critical temperature (CT) of D-dimensional Ising models (on squared or not squared lattices). When 2 < D < ∞, these models have no exact solution and even the simpler problem of locating the CT analytically remains a formidable task. The mean-field as well as the belief-propagation methods provide approximations that work only for large D, remaining quite unsatisfactory for D ≤ 4. Our simple equation represents a sort of ‘finite-dimensional’ generalization of such approaches. It provides a reasonable approximation for D = 2 and works pretty well for D ≥ 3 where, in general, outperforms other purely analytical methods. The equation is derived by using duality relations and heuristic arguments.
Optimizing perovskite solar cells: simulating the impact of Bi2Te3 and BiTeI interlayers
Authors: Dagar Anju , Batra Yogita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising technology for efficient and cost-effective solar energy conversion. To further enhance their performance and stability, integrating interlayer (IL) between the perovskite absorber and transport layers is paramount. In this study, we investigated and compared the performance of two distinct IL materials, Bi2Te3 (BT) and BiTeI (BTI), in PSCs. The ILs were integrated between the perovskite layer and electron/hole transport layers to modulate charge transport and recombination dynamics. Our results reveal that both BT and BTI ILs can effectively passivate the surface defects in the perovskite absorber, leading to reduced non-radiative recombination and improved open-circuit voltage (VOC) in the solar cells. The thickness of the BT and BTI IL was varied from 50 nm to 300 nm to study the effect of thickness on the efficiency of the PSC. IL defect density and interface defect densities were also studied in both the PSCs.
CMB implications of multi-field axio-dilaton cosmology
Authors: Smith Adam , Mylova Maria , Brax Philippe , van de Bruck Carsten , Burgess C.P. , Davis Anne-Christine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Axio-dilaton models are among the simplest scalar-tensor theories that contain the two-derivative interactions that naturally compete at low energies with the two-derivative interactions of General Relativity. Such models are well-motivated as the low energy fields arising from string theory compactification. We summarize these motivations and compute their cosmological evolution, in which the dilaton acts as dark energy and its evolution provides a framework for dynamically evolving particle masses. The derivative axion-dilaton couplings play an important role in the success of these cosmologies. We derive the equations for fluctuations needed to study their implications for the CMB anisotropy, matter spectra and structure growth. We use a modified Boltzmann code to study in detail four benchmark parameter choices, including the vanilla Yoga model, and identify couplings that give viable cosmologies, including some with surprisingly large matter-scalar interactions. The axion has negligible potential for most of the cosmologies we consider but we also examine a simplified model for which the axion potential plays a role, using axion-matter couplings motivated by phenomenological screening considerations. We find such choices can also lead to viable cosmologies.
SOLEDGE3X full vessel plasma boundary simulations of ITER non-active phase plasmas
Authors: Rivals N. , Tamain P. , Marandet Y. , Bonnin X. , Park J.-S. , Bufferand H. , Pitts R.A. , Falchetto G. , Yang H. , Ciraolo G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The onset of detachment in the ITER machine is analyzed in this work through the help of 2D-axisymmetric boundary plasma simulations with the SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE code, which features a numerical domain for the plasma solver extending up to the first wall. The plasma boundary is computed in scenarios from the first non-active phase of ITER, in pure H and at 20 MW. This set of simulations is used in two aspects: first, to study the plasma detachment in the divertor, and second, the plasma conditions, fluxes, and beryllium erosion at the first wall. Here, the code results are also compared to those obtained with the well-established SOLPS-ITER code, which includes a plasma numerical domain only covering the main SOL. Results show an increase in the SOL width λ

q
with increasing density, and a detailed analysis is carried out, for the first time, on each of the different plasma-neutral interactions in the code’s physics model in EIRENE. The gross beryllium erosion rates of first wall panels are estimated from 2D simulations, with the aim of assessing their sensitivity to two parameters: the divertor density regime, and the presence of density shoulders in the far-SOL formed by enhanced perpendicular transport at this location. The erosion contributions from neutrals and ions are considered in each case, and the charge-exchange atoms fluxes and energy distributions are provided, highlighting the two atom populations (cold and charge-exchange).
Design of 3D equilibria and coils for steady-state operation of tokamaks
Authors: Liang Yihui , Zhou Yao , Dong Fanghao , Zhu Caoxiang , Yu Guodong , Zhao Yuansheng , Dong Ge 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the respective advantages of tokamaks and stellarators, we propose a quasi-axisymmetric (QA) tokamak-stellarator hybrid concept as a steady-state operation mode of standard tokamaks. Using stellarator optimization tools, we obtain compact 3D equilibria with good QA and sufficient (∼20%) rotational transform generated by external coils to replace current drive, with the rest (∼80%) generated self-consistently by the bootstrap current. The equilibria can be supported by 3D saddle coils that are compatible with typical tokamak coils and reasonably feasible from engineering perspectives. We consider and compare designs with either high-field-side or low-field-side shaping, and find that the latter is favorable for coil optimization but unfavorable for generating rotational transform and achieving good QA. These results highlight a relatively unexplored region in the space of toroidal fusion configurations.
Advancing tritium self-sufficiency in fusion power plants: insights from the BABY experiment
Authors: Delaporte-Mathurin Rémi , Goles Nikola , Ball John , Dunn Collin , Edwards Emily , Ferry Sara , Lamere Edward , Lanzrath Andrew , Leccacorvi Rick , Meschini Samuele , Peterson Ethan , Segantin Stefano , Vieira Rui , Whyte Dennis , Zhou Weiyue , Woller Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the pursuit of fusion power, achieving tritium self-sufficiency stands as a pivotal challenge. Tritium breeding within molten salts is a critical aspect of next-generation fusion reactors, yet experimental measurements of Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR) have remained elusive. Here we present the results of the Build A Better Yield blanket experiment, which represents a pioneering effort in tritium research by utilizing high-energy (14 MeV) neutron irradiation of molten salts, a departure from conventional low-energy neutron approaches. Using a small-scale (100 ml) molten salt tritium breeding setup, we not only simulated, but also directly measured a TBR (

3.57
×

10

−
4

). This innovative approach provides crucial experimental validation, offering insights unattainable through simulation alone. Moreover, our findings reveal a surprising outcome: tritium was predominantly collected as HT, contrary to the expected TF. This underscores the complexity of tritium behavior in molten salts, highlighting the need for further investigation. This work lays the foundation for a more sophisticated experimental setup, including increasing the volume of the breeder, enhancing neutron detection, and refining tritium collection systems. Such improvements are crucial for advancing our understanding of fusion reactor feasibility and paving the way for future experiments.
Influence of mechanical characteristics of materials of threaded connections of oil and gas downhole equipment on their fatigue life
Authors: Kopei V B , Onysko O R , Kopei I B , Panchuk V G , Bukatka Y S , Goroshko A V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Threaded connections of downhole oil and gas equipment such as tool joints of drill pipes and sucker rod connections operate under difficult conditions of significant cyclic loading and a corrosive environment. This often leads to material fatigue and parts failure. Therefore, the design of such threaded connections requires accurate methods for calculating fatigue life. Using an improved finite element analysis technique in Abaqus/CAE and fe-safe, which takes into account maximum plastic deformation in the first steps of the simulation, the influence of the mechanical characteristics of the materials of these threaded connections on their fatigue life was investigated. An increase in the ductility of the pin or box material leads to equalization of loads along the thread and an increase in the fatigue safety factor, but only if the fatigue strength of this material is sufficient. An additional increase in fatigue life can be achieved by optimal plastic pre-deformation of the connection under a high axial external load. The results prove that the fatigue life of these threaded connections can be significantly improved without optimizing their geometric parameters.
Phase stability compliancy testing of a White Rabbit based solution for the LHC RF and Timing Distribution Backbone upgrade
Authors: Hazell P. , Baron S. , Gousiou E. , Hagmann G. , Gill J. , Lipinski M. , Genoud Q. , Gingold T. , Wlostowski T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The LHC RF and Timing Distribution Backbone is being upgraded for the HL-LHC. A White Rabbit technology solution for the generation and the distribution of the RF, similar to the system currently employed in SPS, is being considered. To verify its suitability from a phase stability perspective, an investigation was conducted on a proof-of-concept system. The requirement for the end-nodes is ± 1 degree of the 200 MHz SPS RF frequency. The key figure of merit to check compliancy is peak-peak phase variation which must be < 28 ps. The compliance tests campaign will be described and results presented.
Minimizing inconsistencies in gray values in small field-of-view dental computed tomography by modulating reconstruction filter intensity: simulation study
Authors: Kim Woosung , Shim Jiyong , Jeon Duhee , Lim Younghwan , Lee Soohyun , Kim Kyuseok , Park Chulkyu , Cho Hyosung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Small field-of-view (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which employs low-cost,
small-area flat-panel detectors, is often used in dental CT where only a limited volume of an
examined object is reconstructed using the standard filtered-backprojection algorithm. However,
when examining with a small FOV, the surrounding structures located outside the FOV exacerbate the
inhomogeneity of the inherent distribution of gray values (GVs) in the reconstructed CBCT
volume. To address this issue, this study presents an effective method to minimize the
inconsistencies in GVs in small FOV CBCT images by modulating reconstruction filter (ramp filter)
intensity. To verify the efficacy of the proposed method, a feasibility study was conducted via a
simulation using three-dimensional numerical mouth phantoms without metal insert and with metal
inserts as highly attenuating dental materials. The mean GVs of the innermost FOV without
correction were 60.3 and 63.1 for the cases of no metal and two metal inserts, respectively, which
were approximately 7.8% and 6.5% greater than those of the corresponding reference FOVs. In
contrast, the mean GVs with correction for all target FOVs were very close (<0.1%) to that of
the reference FOV, indicating the efficacy of the proposed method. Consequently, small FOV dental
CT images with good homogeneity of the GV distribution were successfully obtained using the
proposed method, which is critical, particularly for assessing bone density in dental implantation
surgery plan.