bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Equine Faecal Microbiota Undergoes Step-wise Compositional Changes in Accordance With Increasing Levels of Domestication
Authors: Bull Katie , Davies Gareth , Jenkins Timothy Patrick , Peachey Laura Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundChanges to the gut microbiota are associated with an increased incidence of disease in many species. This is particularly important during the process of domestication, where captive animals commonly suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) pathology. Horses are a prime example of a species which suffers from a high incidence of (often life-threatening) GI diseases in domesticated environments. We aimed to indentify the gut microbial changes which occur due to domestication in horses by profiling the faecal microbiota of adult female Exmoor ponies under three management conditions, representing increasing levels of domestication.MethodsFaecal samples were collected from 29 adult female Exmoor ponies in the South West of the UK; ponies were categorised as Feral (n=10), Semi-Feral (n=10) and Domesticated (n=9), based on their management conditions; thus controlling for age, gender and random effects between groups. Diet and medication were recorded and faecal samples taken to assess parasite infection. Faecal microbial composition was profiled via high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.ResultsDownstream biostatistical analysis indicated profound step-wise changes in global microbial community structure in the transition from Feral to Semi-Feral to Domesticated groups. A relatively high abundance of members of the phylum Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were associated with the Domesticated group; and higher levels of Methanobacteria were seen in the Feral group. The Semi-Feral group frequently had intermediate levels of these taxa; however, they also exhibited the greatest ‘within group’ variation in bacterial diversity and parasites burdens. Functional predictions revealed increased amino acid and lipid metabolism in the Domesticated group and increased energy metabolism in the Feral group; supporting a hypothesis that differences in diet was the key driver of gut microbial composition. ConclusionsIf assumed the Feral population has a more natural gut microbial phenotype, akin to that with which horses have evolved, these data can potentially be used to provide microbial signitures of balanced gut homeostasis in horses; which, in turn, will aid prevention of GI disease in domesticated horses.
Degradation of Wetlands and Livelihood Dependence on Lake Abaya-Chamo Wetland, Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Zekarias Tariku , Govindu Vanum , Kebede Yechale , Gelaw Abren 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Abaya-Chamo and other wetlands of Ethiopia provide multiple ecosystem services, they are extremely affected by various anthropogenic factors. The unsustainable use of wetlands stems from the negligence of the users about the wetland degradation and the limited policy attention by decision-makers. This study was aimed at analyzing the livelihood benefits of Abaya-chamo lake-wetland and the driving forces of its degradation. Data were gathered using questionnaire survey of 384 households (selected via systematic random sampling), focus group discussion, interview and ﬁeld observation. Percent, regression, etc., were used for data analysis. It was found that Abaya-chamo lake-wetland offers fish, timber, firewood, fodder, irrigation water, farmland, rainfall, recreation, tourism, aesthetic, carbon sink, air quality and climate regulation, etc., services to local people. Farm expansion, sedimentation, irrigation, invasive plants (e.g. emboch), open access and overuse of resources, lack of legal framework and rapid population growth were the main causes of the wetland degradation. Applying the lakes’ salty-water for irrigation is expected to lead to chemical land degradation in the next few decades. The invasive emboch-plant results in dwindling aquatic resources (e.g. fish), loss of economic and tour benefits, and change in local climate thereby depleting the lake water, and the dissolved O2 and CO2 storage capacity of the lake-wetland rapidly. The lakes’ salty-water based irrigation is expected to result in chemical land degradation to the extent of abandoning crop farming in the next few decades unless some actions are taken. Thus, the government should formulate clear policy and legal framework about sustainable management of wetland resources.
The Effects From Oral Administration of Recombinant Interferon-alpha on Piglet Daily Care
Authors: Dai Fawen , Liu Yanting , Zhang Meimei , Tao Lin , Huashuo Chu , Gong Ruixue , Zhao Baokai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The administration of interferon has improved the antiviral and immunomodulatory abilities of piglets, which is conductive to the prevention and control of diseases, such as African swine fever. This study aimed to evaluate the effects from oral administration of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) on the daily care of piglets. The results were compared with compound Chinese herbal, which was proved to improve serum interferon level. Further, the administration routes were compared between oral administration and intramuscular injection. Forty (40) piglets with equal age and weight were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (Group C, without treatment), Group H (treated with compound Chinese herbal), Group K (administered orally with recombinant IFN-α, 1500 IU per day per piglet), and Group J (administered intramuscularly with IFN-α, 4× 106 IU per day per piglet). After the treatment of 15 days, both oral and intramuscular treatment of recombinant IFN-α significantly improved the secretion of IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) (P<0.05), and the effects of intramuscular pathway were faster. In addition, the expression levels of IFN-stimulated genes (MX1 and ISG15) were significantly enhanced (P<0.01), independently of IFN-α treatment time and serum IFN-γ level. Different from other studies, compound Chinese herbal showed weaker effects on interferon stimulation in piglets. The results indicated that oral administration of recombinant IFN-α improved interferon-induced response of piglets at both serum and molecular levels, which may be applied for improving autoimmunity of piglets.
Changes in Mesopotamian Wetlands: Investigations Using Diverse Remote Sensing Datasets
Authors: Al-Nasrawi Ali K. M. , Fuentes Ignacio , Al-Shammari Dhahi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Early civilizations have inhabited stable-water-resourced areas that supported living needs and activities, including agriculture. The Mesopotamian marshes, recognised as the most ancient human-inhabited area (~6000 years ago) and refuge of rich biodiversity, have experienced dramatic changes during the past five decades, starting to fail in providing adequate environmental functioning and support of social communities as they used to for thousands of years. The aim of this study is to observe, analyse and report the extent of changes in these marshes from 1972 to 2020. Data from various remote sensing sources were acquired through Google Earth Engine (GEE) including climate variables, land cover, surface reflectance, and surface water occurrence collections. Results show a clear wetlands dynamism over time and a significant loss in marshlands extent, even though no significant long-term change was observed in lumped rainfall from 1982, and even during periods where no meteorological drought had been recorded. Human interventions have disturbed the ecosystems, which is evident when studying water occurrence changes. These show that the diversion of rivers and the building of a new drainage system caused the migration and spatiotemporal changes of marshlands. Nonetheless, restoration plans (after 2003) and strong wet conditions (period 2018 - 2020) have helped to recover the ecosystems, these have not led the marshlands to regain their former extent. Further studies should pay more attention to the drainage network within the study area as well as the neighboring regions and their impact on the streamflow that feeds the study area.
Managing Stable Ventricular Tachycardia in an Adolescent - Don’t Grab the Paddles Too Quickly
Authors: Barbera Nicole , Amin Minal , Cohen Mitchell 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) rarely occurs in pediatric patients, therefore; management recommendations are very limited [1]. We present an adolescent with palpitations found to have a monomorphic wide complex rapid tachyarrhythmia. Despite a very rapid ventricular rate of 235 beats per minute (bpm) she remained hemodynamically stable and was successfully pharmacologically cardioverted. We highlight the considerations in managing a hemodynamically stable pediatric patient with VT with emphasis on the utilization of pharmacologic therapies as opposed to electrical cardioversion.
The Impact of Neonatal Morbidities on Child Growth and Developmental Outcome in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Han Jung Ho , Yoon So Jin , Lim Joo Hee , Shin Jeong Eun , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min Soo , Park Kook In , Lee Soon Min 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionGrowth in preterm infants has long-term implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to estimate the nationwide growth outcomes from birth to 5 years in infants born under 1,500 g and to analyze the effects of major morbidities of preterm infants on growth.MethodsTotal 2,961 children with birth weight under 1,500 g who were born in 2013 and examined the Infant Health Check-up between 2013 and 2018 from the National Health Insurance Service database were included. Check-ups were at 4-6, 9-12, 18-24, 30-36, 42-48, and 54-60 months of age. Information was obtained by the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes or by the questionnaire in the check-up program.ResultsAt 60 months of age, mean percentiles of weight, height, and head circumference showed only 30 – 40th percentile of normal growth for their ages. About 30% had growth parameters below the 10th percentile and showed worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Using multiple logistic regression, infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed significantly higher incidence of growth restriction in all three categories, weight (odds ratio [OR] 1.50), height (OR 1.33), and head circumference (OR 1.36) at 60 months. Sepsis was associated with growth restriction in weight (OR 1.43) and head circumference (OR 1.33). Periventricular leukomalacia infants had relatively small head circumferences (OR 1.91) and poor developmental screening results (OR 2.89).ConclusionCatch-up growth remains a major issue in infants born under 1,500 g, especially those with some morbidities of preterm birth. Regular check-ups to monitor and early intervention for their normal growth is essential.
Research and Application of Active Support and Pressure Relief Protection in Deep Mines
Authors: Li Cunlu , Zhao Yanpeng , Xue Haojie , Wu Jilu , Ma Wa , Shen Shibao , Lu Haoran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the extension of the coal mine at depth, rock bursts are more and more frequent. Therefore, the research of roadway support and pressure relief has become the key to prevent rock burst. In this paper, the primary high strength support and hydraulic fracturing pressure relief measures of roadway are studied and analysed. The primary high strength support emphasizes the matching characteristics of support materials, strengthen the protection of the active support to the roadway, and realize an integrated support system. Considering strong burst-prone area, the hydraulic fracturing is used to achieve pressure relief of surrounding rock mass, which can release and transfer the energy within the range of pressure relief. When there is energy release outside the range of protection system, the pressure relief region can absorb the energy so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the roadway. A field engineering case is applicated, the results shown that the stress of roadway surrounding rock and micro seismic energy significantly decreases, reducing the possibility of rock bursts.
Stem trait spectra underpin multiple functions of temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Sterck Frank J. , Sass-Klaassen Ute , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Logtestijn Richard S.P. van , Hefting Mariet , Goudzwaard Leo , Zuo Juan , Poorter Lourens 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A central paradigm in comparative ecology is that species sort out along a global economic strategy spectrum, ranging from slow to fast growth. Many studies evaluated plant strategy spectra for leaf traits, b u t few studies evaluated stem strategy spectra using a comprehensive set of anatomical, chemical and morphological traits, addressing key stem functions of different stem compartments (inner wood, outer wood and bark). This study evaluates how stem traits vary in the wood and bark of temperate tree species, and whether a slow-fast growth strategy spectrum exists and what traits make up this plant strategy spectrum. For 14 temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm species, 20 traits belonging to six key stem functions were measured for three stem compartments. Both across and within gymnosperms and angiosperms, a slow-fast stem strategy spectrum is found. Gymnosperms have slow traits and showed converging stem strategies because of their uniform tracheids. Angiosperms have fast traits and showed diverging stem strategies because of a wider array of tissues (vessels, parenchyma and fibers) and vessel size and arrangements (ring-porous versus diffuse porous). Gymnosperms showed a main trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety, and angiosperms showed a main trade-off between ‘slow’ diffuse porous species and ‘fast’ ring porous species. The slow traits of gymnosperms allow for a high hydraulic safety, an evergreen leaf habit and steady but slow growth makes them successful in unproductive habitats whereas the fast traits of angiosperms allow for high conductivity, a deciduous leaf habit and fast growth which makes them successful in productive habitats.
Mitochondrial-Associated Protein LRPPRC is Related With Poor Prognosis Potentially and Exerts as an Oncogene via Maintaining Mitochondrial Function in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hu Qiongying , Wang Li , Zhang Yi , Tian Bole , Zhao ziyi , Zhang Ya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe mitochondrial-associated protein LRPPRC exerts multiple functions involved in physiological processes, including mitochondrial gene translation, cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. Previously, LRPPRC was reported to regulate mitophagy by interacting with Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 and thus modifying the activation of PI3KCIII and autophagy. Considering that LRPPRC was found to be negatively associated with survival rate, we hypothesize that LRPPRC may be involved in pancreatic cancer progression via its regulation of autophagy. Methodsreal-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of LRPPRC in 90 paired pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues and five pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) level and function were measured. Mitophagy was measured by performing to detect LC3 level. ResultsBy performing RT-qPCR, the association of LRPPRC with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer was established and pancreatic cancer tissues had significantly higher LRPPRC expression than adjacent tissues. LRPPRC was negatively associated with the overall survival rate. LRPPRC was also upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Knockdown of LRPPRC promoted ROS accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), promoted autophagy/mitophagy, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequently, knockdown of LRPPRC inhibited malignant behaviors in PANC-1 cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor formation and chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Finally, by inhibiting autophagy/mitophagy using 3-MA, the inhibitory effect of LRPPRC knockdown on proliferation was reversed. ConclusionTaken together, our results indicate that LRPPRC may act as an oncogene via maintaining mitochondrial homoeostasis and could be used as a predictive marker for patient prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
The Effect of Non-Supervised Physical Activity Before and After Breast Cancer Surgery on Quality of Life; Follow-Up Results From a Randomised Controlled Trial (Physsurg-b)
Authors: Heiman Jenny Eva Maria , Onerup Aron , Bock David , Haglind Eva , Bagge Roger Olofsson 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe conducted a randomised controlled trial (PhysSURG-B) to assess the short- and long-term effects of a non-supervised physical activity intervention at the time of breast cancer surgery. Here we report a secondary outcome, quality of life (QoL).MethodsFemale patients planned for surgery were randomly assigned to either an intervention of 30 minutes of self-administered physical aerobic activity daily 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after surgery, or control. QoL was assessed with questionnaires at baseline, 4 weeks and 12 months postop using the instruments FACT-B, RAND-36 and EQ-VAS.ResultsOut of 354 included participants at 12 months follow-up after surgery, 287 were available for QoL analysis. Comparing intervention to control, the results for the FACT- B score at 4 weeks showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.975 (95% CI 0.636-1.495) and at 12 months an OR of 0.883 (95% CI 0.581-1.342). The subgroup of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly lower FACT-B at 12 months compared to no chemotherapy (OR 0.475, 95% CI 0.300-0.735). EQ-VAS showed OR 1.163 (95% CI 0.760-1.779) and 0.817 (95% CI 0.536-1.244) at 4 weeks and 12 months, respectively. RAND-36 domains “role limitations due to physical health” and “pain” showed a decrease at 4 weeks in both groups, returning towards baseline at 12 months follow-up.ConclusionAn intervention of non-supervised physical activity before and after surgery for breast cancer had no effect on QoL. Patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly lower QoL, regardless of study group.Trial registration﻿ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT 02560662. Registered 25 September, 2015.
Comparison of Lidocaine, Huffing Maneuver and Combination of Both in Prevention Fentanyl Induced Cough Before Induction of Anesthesia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Dehghanpisheh Laleh , Eghbal Mohammadhossein , Baravati Fatemeh Bagheri , Vatankhah Pooya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Intravenous bolus injection of fentanyl has been frequently reported to be associated with cough reflex during patient anesthesia. However, the search for the most effective protocol continues. This study aimed to compare the effect of reducing cough reflex after injection of fentanyl in a fusion protocol by combining the injections of lidocaine and Huffing maneuver and comparing with a placebo control group, before anesthesia induction.
Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial study was performed on 400 patients who were divided into four groups of combined protocol (group 1), lidocaine group (group 2), Huffing maneuver group (group 3), and the control receiving normal saline (group 4). Then patients were injected with 2. 5 µg /kg fentanyl and monitored for two minutes regarding their cough reflex, as well as the severity.
Results
In group 1, 9 patients (9%), in group 2, 22 patients (22%), in the group3 45 patients (45%) and in the group 4, 75 patients (75%), developed cough reflex following fentanyl injection. Also, 13 patients (13%) developed moderate and 4 (4%) developed severe coughs in the control group reported, while no reports of severe or moderate cough were among the intervention groups. There was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group both in terms of the rate and severity of the fentanyl-induced cough.
Conclusion
By using a combination of lidocaine injection along and Huffing maneuver, better results can be obtained in reducing the frequency, and also the severity of cough followed by fentanyl injection.
Trial registration:
Trial Registration: The trial was registered with IRCT.IR (09/03/2018-No. IRCT20141009019470N74).
Role of Darunavir/cobicisitat in the Treatment of COVID-19: Initial Virological and Clinical Findings
Authors: Deng Liping , Xiong Yong , Chen TieLong , Zhang Yongxi , Luo Mingqi , Gao Shicheng , Mo Pingzheng , Song Shihui , Ma Zhiyong , Chen Xiaoping , Liang Ke , Ke Hengning , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 still become a common threat to public health.In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects and safety of darunavir/cobicisitat (DRV/c) in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Patients and Methods: Totally 66 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between February 3 and March 11, 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into the DRV/c group and the control group. The Primary endpoints was the time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid conversion detected in respiratory specimens.Results: A total of 66 subjects with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study, 32 subjects were enrolled in the DRV/c group and 34 in the control group. The mean time to nucleic acid conversion (NAC) was shorter in DRV/c group. The cumulative nucleic acid conversion rate (CNACR) in the DRV/C group was higher during the first 2 weeks, but the difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of fever during hospitalization in the DRV/C group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P value 0.01). It was found that in DRV/c group NAC of patients with duration from symptom onset to admission within 3 days was significantly shorter (7.9 ± 6.7 days) than that of and above 3 days (15.9 ± 7.1 days)( P = 0.01). Conclusion: Although the combination of DRV/c and routine treatment for patients with non-severe COVID-19 can significantly reduce the proportion of fever after admission, but no significant differences were observed between the DRV/c group and the conventional therapy group, including overall time to nucleic acid conversion, safety and tolerability.
Preparing the Playing Field. Climate Club Governance of the G20, the Climate and Clean Air Coalition and the Under2 Coalition
Authors: Unger Charlotte , Thielges Sonja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
International climate policy is increasingly shaped by alternative forms of governance. Coalitions of national, subnational and/or non-state actors have the potential to address the global challenge of climate change beyond the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. While initially such ‘clubs’ spurred hope that they could be an option to achieve climate action more effectively than the UNFCCC, more recently their role has been seen as preparing and orchestrating climate policy. In spite of its conceptual proliferation, literature on climate clubs stops short in examining practical evidence and conducting analyses beyond categorization and labelling of climate clubs. This article aims at contributing to filling this gap with a comparative perspective on three specific governance initiatives that act on different governance levels: The G20, the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and the Under2 Coalition. What contribution do these club-like initiatives make to global climate governance and how does it relate to existing structures such as the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC process?Our paper applies central aspects of clubs research, namely membership, public goods, and the provision of additional benefits as an analytical framework to examine the three cases. We find that these club initiatives, though highly diverse in their origin and membership, make a similar contribution to international climate governance. Their largest contribution lies in preparing emissions reductions through raising awareness, orchestrating different actors and actions, and establishing a large cooperation network. They complement the UNFCCC and especially the Paris Agreement.