bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Resolution 2347 (2017): The Search for Protection of Cultural Heritage from Armed Non-State Groups
Authors: Baj Giulia 
Published: May 2021

One expression of cultural rights is the right to enjoy cultural heritage. However, the latter is not efficiently protected in situations of armed conflict. In many cases, armed non-State groups (ANSGs) have destroyed or looted cultural heritage items. The United Nations Security Council has intervened with Resolution 2347 (2017), welcomed by many as a milestone in the international protection of cultural heritage in conflict situations. However, this Resolution presents several limitations. The protection of cultural heritage from destruction and exploitation does not appear as the main focus, but rather as a means to fight terrorist groups. The attacks against cultural heritage are considered “war crimes”, but only “under certain circumstances”. The Resolution encourages States “that have not yet done so to consider ratifying” treaties on the issue in question; however, these instruments are treaties drafted and ratified by States. Problems of compliance by non-State actors, as ANSGs, arise. Hence, the capacity of theResolution to effectively protect cultural heritage in conflicts involving ANSGs is debated. This paper analyses the text of Resolution 2347 (2017), resorting to traditional means of interpretation to highlight its limitations, and considers how a general sense of the necessity to protect cultural heritage from attacks committed by ANSGs has emerged, as demonstrated by the International Criminal Court's Al Mahdi case. The paper then considers other ways to guarantee the protection of cultural heritage from ANSGs. A proposal for stronger protection of cultural heritage by States through both international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) is presented. In particular, the connection between the protection of cultural heritage, the guarantee of cultural rights and other human rights is presented, resorting to instruments of doctrine and analyzing instruments of practice. Finally, the case for the stronger international cooperation for the protection of cultural heritage is made; problems of compliance by ANSGs may persist, but the systematic destruction of cultural heritage items can be considered a violation of cultural rights, thus requiring the cooperation of all international stakeholders.
Grade 12 Students’ Perceptions of Distance Learning in General Chemistry Subject: An Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: L. Pinar Fredyrose Ivan 
Published: May 2021

The onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic forces institution to close face-to-face classes, thereby resulting to a paradigm shift towards remote learning. Unconventional learning strategies were reinforced to continuously provide education amidst the crisis. This led to the conversion of classroom-oriented learning resources into learning resources adapted to distance learning. At present, the placement of alternative learning modalities in a new normal classroom setting has become a mainstream point of discussion in the education sector. In light of the new trend in education brought by the pandemic or other similar circumstances, this study aims to identify students’ perceptions regarding the utilization of synchronous and asynchronous distance learning resources in Grade 12 level. It also highlighted students’ preferences regarding the synchronous and asynchronous mode of delivering instructions. The participants were randomly selected 317 Grade 12 students enrolled in Special Health Sciences STEM track from a private medical institution situated in an urban area of Cavite in the Philippines. These Grade 12 students had immersed experience in synchronous online classes along with asynchronous learning activities. A dependent sample t-test was used to find out difference between the use of synchronous and asynchronous learning modalities. Conceptual understanding of students was measured based on their performance on summative assessments both in synchronous and asynchronous modalities. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were also used to present students’ evaluation on the different distance learning aspects particularly on the teaching approach, learning materials and instructions, activities, and assessments. Results revealed that students have high interest on the teaching approach in asynchronous modality consistent with obtaining better performance in the asynchronous assessment. Students valued the asynchronous threaded discussions, the availability of relevant learning materials, and teacher’s guidance and scaffolding on the learning process as essential components of distance learning (synchronous or asynchronous).
Tecnologia Educativa para capacitação de familiares cuidadores de adultos mais velhos dependentes
Authors: Osterne Luiziany Pontes Rios , Santos Zélia Maria de Sousa Araújo , Capelo Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira , Branco July Grassiely de Oliveira , Osterne Emanuelly Pontes Rios , Filho Manoel Pereira de Sousa 
Published: May 2021

Contexto e Objetivo: Cuidar de adultos mais velhos dependentes no domicílio é uma realidade cada vez mais frequente na atual sociedade envelhecida, advindo daí a necessidade de dotar os cuidadores com práticas e saberes que, tradicionalmente, não estavam nos domínios das famílias. Esta investigação tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia de uma Tecnologia Educativa na capacitação de familiares cuidadores de adultos mais velhos dependentes em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos: Participaram 12 familiares cuidadores que acompanharam adultos mais velhos internados numa instituição hospitalar de referência em traumas, situada em Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil, um mês após o retorno ao domicílio. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo assente na investigação-ação mediante construção, aplicação e avaliação de uma tecnologia educativa (TE). A TE construída para o efeito, teve por base a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Maslow e os pressupostos da educação para a saúde. Resultados: Oito familiares cuidadores relataram a experiência prévia no cuidado aos adultos mais velhos no domicílio e quatro revelaram um conhecimento superficial sobre o cuidar. A aquisição de conhecimento mediado pela aplicação da TE conduziu à ocorrência de mudanças no atendimento às necessidades humanas básicas de adultos mais velhos no cuidado domiciliar, designadamente, compreensão do processo de envelhecimento, adaptação do ambiente físico, adequação da alimentação, tolerância, resgate da autonomia e envolvimento da família. Conclusões: A aplicação da TE teve impacto na práxis do familiar cuidador, materializado no suprimento das necessidades básicas humanas da pessoa idosa cuidada. Esta ferramenta, desponta como complemento útil para o reforço das competências do cuidador informal do adulto mais velho dependente.
A post-quantum digital signature scheme on groups with four-dimensional cyclicity
Authors: Moldovyan Nikolay , Moldovyan Dmitry 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Development of practical post-quantum signature schemes is a current challenge in the applied cryptography. Recently, several different forms of the hidden discrete logarithm problem were proposed as primitive signature schemes resistant to quantum attacks. Purpose: Development of a new form of the hidden discrete logarithm problem set in finite commutative groups possessing multi-dimensional cyclicity, and a method for designing post-quantum signature schemes. Results: A new form of the hidden discrete logarithm problem is introduced as the base primitive of practical post-quantum digital signature algorithms. Two new four-dimensional finite commutative associative algebras have been proposed as algebraic support for the introduced computationally complex problem. A method for designing signature schemes on the base of the latter problem is developed. The method consists in using a doubled public key and two similar equations for the verification of the same signature. To generate a pair of public keys, two secret minimum generator systems <G, Q> and <H, V> of two different finite groups G<G, Q> and G<H, V> possessing two-dimensional cyclicity are selected at random. The first public key (Y, Z, U) is computed as follows: Y = Gy1Qy2a, Z = Gz1Qz2b, U = Gu1Qu2g, where the set of integers (y1, y2, a, z1, z2, b, u1, u2, g) is a private key. The second public key (Y¢, Z¢, U¢) is computed as follows: Y¢ = Hy1Vy2a, Z¢ = Hz1Vz2b, U¢ = Hu1Vu2g. Using the same parameters to calculate the corresponding elements belonging to different public keys makes it possible to calculate a single signature which satisfies two similar verification equations specified in different finite commutative associative algebras. Practical relevance: Due to a smaller size of the public key, private key and signature, as well as approximately equal performance as compared to the known analogues, the proposed digital signature scheme can be used in the development of post-quantum signature algorithms.
THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL RATIOS EFFECT ON THE STOCK PRICE OF CONSUMER GOODS SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED IN KOMPAS100 INDEX
Authors: Imansyah Shabri , H. Mustafa Matrodji 
Published: May 2021

This research aims to discern the effect of financial ratios on the stock price of Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies listed in Kompas 100 Index on 2013-2019 period, partially or simultaneously. The financial ratios analyzed in this research are: Current Ratio (CR), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Equity (ROE) and Dividend Yield (DY). The research population is the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies listed in Kompas 100 Index on 2013-2019 period. There are 5 Consumer Goods Industry companies used as the research sample by applying the purposive sampling method. This research uses documentation as the collection data technique as well as a panel data as the data analysis technique. This research shows that NPM variable has a partially positive relationship on the stock price, ROE has a positive relationship on the stock price at a confidence level of 90 percent, while CR and DY have no effects on stock price. The CR, NPM, ROE and DY variables influence the stock price simultaneously. CR, NOM, ROE and DY variables can explain the stock price on the Consumer Goods Industry Sector companies listed in Kompas 100 Index at 98,38%.
EFFECT OF VILLAGE APPARATUS PERFORMANCE, INTERNAL CONTROL, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION ON VILLAGE FUND ACCOUNTABILITY AND IMPLICATIONS ON QUALITY VILLAGE FINANCIAL REPORT
Authors: Hendaris Budi , Romli Romli 
Published: May 2021

Village Fund is a new policy, so it needs good accountability. As a form of responsibility for village fund management, it is necessary to make quality financial statements. This study aims to analyze the effect of village apparatus performance, internal control, and information technology on fund management accountability and its implications for the quality of financial reports. This research used quantitative and retrieval methods using survey techniques. It was conducted using 117 respondents as officials in charge of compiling financial reports in West Bandung Regency villages.
Furthermore, data analysis was performed using SEM PLS with PLS 3.0. The results showed that the village apparatus performance, internal control, and information technology use affected fund management accountability and the quality of financial reports. The research results imply that creating quality village financial statements required village apparatus performance, internal control, use of information technology, and fair accountability
IMPROVING LECTURER PERFORMANCE THROUGH LEADERSHIP STYLE, ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND WORK MOTIVATION AT BATANGHARI UNIVERSITY, JAMBI
Authors: Syekh Saiyid , Akbar Ali 
Published: May 2021

This research aims to determine Influance of leadership style, organizational climate and motivation on the performance of lecturers at Batanghari University, Jambi. The research to porpose (1) to know leadership stile, organizational climate, motivation and performance of lecturer at Batanghari University (2) to anlysis influance of leadership stile to performance of lecturer in Batanghari University (3) to analysis influance of organizational climate to performance of lecturer in Batanghari University (4) to analysis influance of motivation to performance of lecturer in Batanghari University (5) to influance of leadership style, organizational climate and motivation on the performance of lecturers at Batanghari University, Jambi. This research used survey methode with porposive sampling in 5 fakulty, with sample amounth 40 respondent. the relationship of each independent variable with the dependent variable, either individually or collectively, and makes predictions for the dependent variable on each independent variable. From the equation, it can be seen that if the leadership style can be more effective by one unit, the lecturer performance will inprove by 0.453; Likewise with the organizational climate, if the organizational climate is better by one unit, the lecturer's performance will inprove by 0.494, something that is not much different from motivation, namely if the motivation is inprove by one unit, the performance will inprovee by 0.010. This means that leadership style, organizational climate and motivation have a positive influance to lecturer performance. Therefore, it is expected that these three components (X1, X2 and X3) can be optimally priority to improved. The results of simultaneous hypothesis testing show that the value of F count is bigger than , F table. (Fcount > F table ) or sig F <0.05, this means that simultaneously, leadership style, organizational climate and motivation have significant effect on lecturer performance at University of Batanghari Jambi.
IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI UJIAN ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN KTUPAD MVC FRAMEWORK
Authors: Sismadi Wawan , Darmawan Indra , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Perdana Nicolas Prayogi 
Published: May 2021

Kecepatan akses informasi digital sangat penting dalam mengambil sebuah keputusan, google development mensyaratkan batas waktu akses data tidak lebih dari tiga detik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis performance terhadap Ktupad MVC Framework. Framework adalah sekumpulan fungsi, class, dan aturan-aturan. Berbeda dengan library yang sifatnya untuk tujuan tertentu saja, framework bersifat menyeluruh mengatur bagaimana kita membangun aplikasi. Framework memungkinkan kita membangun aplikasi dengan lebih cepat karena sebagai developer kita akan lebih memfokuskan pada pokok pemasalahan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah Aplikasi Ujian Online yang di bangun menggunakan Ktupad MVC Framework kemudian mengujinya metode Reseaech and Development dengan pendekatan Extreme Programming (XP). Peralatan pembanding menggunakan Web Dev Hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa nilai performa 1-100 dari Ktupad adalah sebesar 99.
MODEL MINAT BELI DAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN IKLAN:PEMASARAN MULTI CHANNELS DAN DISCOUNT DI PORTAL BERITA ONLINE MEDCOM.ID.
Authors: Al Hafizi Nasikhul Amin 
Published: May 2021

Prariset ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk membangun hipotesis penelitian dengan menggunakan motode kuantitatif, untuk mengetahui variabel yang mempengaruhi minat beli dan keputusan pembelian iklan pada portal berita online medcom.id. Untuk melengkapi pra riset ini, maka peneliti juga melakukan review penelitian terdahulu. Hasil pra riset menunjukkan bahwa diduga pemasaran multi channels dan discount memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat beli dan keputusan pembelian iklan.
DETERMINASI PRESTASI KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA: ETOS KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA (SUATU KAJIAN STUDI LITERATUR MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA)
Authors: Candana Dori Mittra 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Prestasi Kerja (Y1), Kepuasan Kerja (Y2), Etos Kerja (X1), Disiplin Kerja (X2), dalam study literature Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Hasil dalam penelitian ini sebagai beriku;1. Etos Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja 2. Disiplin Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja 3. Etos Kerja berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Prestasi Kerja 4. Disiplin Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Prestasi Kerja 5.Kepuasan Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Prestasi Kerja. 6. Etos kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja melalui kepuasan kerja 7. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja melalui kepuasan kerja.
Pathological Nipple discharge: a comparison between breast ultrasound and mammography
Authors: Alhadethy Dhuha M , Altameemi Enam K , Khalaf Laith A , Kamal Areege Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Background:Nipple discharge is a relatively common complaint of females in reproductive age and after menopause.
Objectives: The aim of this stud was to compare the radiological findings of mammography and ultrasound in women with pathological nipple discharge of different pathology.
Methods: mammography and ultrasound was done for a total of 50 patients attending the National center of Early detection of Breast cancer with pathological nipple discharge. Ultrasound guided FNA was performed for all cases, and histopathology was available for eleven case.
Results: ultrasound was able to provide clue of possible underlying cause for all pathological nipple discharge whereas mammography was negative in 54%. Ultrasound was more sensitive in diagnosing malignant breast lesions associated with pathological nipple discharge (85.7%) but less specific (88.3%) as compared with mammography which had (71.4%) sensitivity and (90.6%) specificity. Negative predictive value of ultrasound was 97.4% , mammography was 95.1% and of non-bloody nipple discharge was 94%.
Conclusion: Ultrasound is essential to complete pathological nipple discharge workup, particularly when mammography is normal, to rule out the possibility of neoplastic changes and to provide clues for nonneoplastic etiology that may guide the management.
Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome as a breakdown of homeostasis
Authors: Marks David F 
Published: May 2021

Homeostasis is a fundamental physiological principle that ensures equilibrium, stability and safety of the organism in a continuously changing and potentially life-threatening environment. This article introduces a new theory of the aetiology of ME/CFS that hypothesises that ME/CFS is caused by a breakdown of homeostasis that produces an aberrant state of disequilibrium with endocrinological and immunological changes. The current hypothesis is that ME/CFS involves a changed set point such that homeostasis persistently pushes the organism towards a pathological dysfunctional state because the disequilibrium fails to reset. To use an analogy of a thermostat, if the ‘off switch’ of a thermostat stops working, the house would become warmer and warmer without limit. Here I summarise the evidence in support of the theory. Clinical trials to investigate the role of suggested biological mediators such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone in ME/CFS would appear to be helpful.
Classification and Stages of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma at the Southern Philippines Medical Center Using the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology / Japan Otological Society (EAONO / JOS) System
Authors: Toral Dominador , Laganao Chris Robinson 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the stage of middle ear cholesteatoma of patients who underwent
middle ear surgery at the Southern Philippines Medical Center from January to December 2019,
based on European Academy of Otology and Neurotology / Japan Otological Society (EAONO/
JOS) system.
Methods:
Design: Case Series
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants: A total of 42 charts were included in the study

Results: Of the 42 cases evaluated, congenital cholesteatoma was seen in 4 while acquired cholesteatoma was noted in 38, (further subdivided into 34 retraction pocket cholesteatoma and 4 non-retraction pocket/traumatic cholesteatoma). A majority (57%) had Stage II cholesteatoma (mass occupying at least two sub-sites in the middle ear) at the time of surgery. Eight (19%) had stage I cholesteatoma (confined to one sub-site), five (12%) had stage III cholesteatoma evidenced by extracranial complications such as subperiosteal abscess and erosion of the semi[1]circular canals. Stage IV cholesteatoma was seen in 5 (12%) presenting with intracranial abscess. Canal wall down mastoidectomy was the most common surgical approach performed. The sinus tympani (S2 ) was the most commonly involved difficult to access site across all classifications of middle ear cholesteatoma (60%).
Conclusion: Our study provided an initial profile of the stages and severity of middle ear cholesteatoma in our institution based on actual surgical approaches. Such a profile can be the nidus for a database that can help us to understand disease prevalence and compare local surgical practices with those in the international community.
Delayed Sudden Blindness From Unilateral Ophthalmic Artery Vasospasm Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?
Authors: Chua Jr Ruben , Regalado Joyce Anne , Gelera January 
Published: May 2021

Keywords: ophthalmic artery; vasospasm; iatrogenic; endoscopic sinus surgery; blindness

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a generally benign, minimally invasive procedure used for management of paranasal sinus diseases, although complications may occur due to proximity of vital structures such as the brain, orbit and great vessels.1 The overall ESS major complication rate is 0.5-1%, of which orbital injury accounts for 0.09% due to direct trauma.2 We report a case of unilateral delayed sudden visual loss without orbital trauma observed intraoperatively or on post[1]operative imaging studies, following a seemingly routine endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.
CASE REPORT
An 18-year-old lad with no significant medical history underwent ESS for bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. (Figure 1 A-D) The surgery and recovery from anesthesia were uneventful. On the 12th hour post-operatively, the patient noted blurring of vision on the left. Ophthalmologic examination revealed hyperemic conjunctiva (Figure 2A) with visual acuity of counting fingers at 1 foot while fundoscopy showed retinal hemorrhages. Extraocular eye movements (EOM) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were normal (12mmHg). With an assessment of pre-retinal hemorrhages, 500 mg Tranexamic acid was intravenously infused, and a paranasal sinus (PNS) computed tomography (CT) scan and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were requested. A few hours later, he complained of left eye pain with increasing intensity and further deterioration of vision. Repeat visual acuity testing showed light perception. There was now a constricted pupil, non-reactive pupillary light reflex, periorbital swelling and progression of conjunctival chemosis. (Figure 2B) The IOP of the left eye had increased to 30mmHg then progressed to 40mmHg with development of total visual loss and a lateral gaze limitation. With an impression of choroidal hemorrhage and retrobulbar hemorrhage, a lateral canthotomy relieved the eye pain.
The contrast PNS CT scan with orbital cuts showed that the lamina papyracea was intact with no definite hemorrhagic collections in the intraconal or extraconal spaces of both orbits. (Figure 3A, B) A small hyper density along the lateral inferior margin of the left globe at the intraconal region with slight thickening of the anterior periorbital region represented the lateral canthotomy. The PNS MRI / magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with orbital cuts showed retinal detachment and periorbital edema in the left eye. (Figure 4) A B-Scan ocular ultrasonogram showed retinal detachment and vitreous opacities. The diagnosis was ocular ischemic syndrome secondary to ophthalmic artery vasospasm, and the patient was given sublingual nitroglycerine and intravenous dexamethasone 8mg every 12 hours for 24 hours, with improvement of periorbital swelling. He was discharged after 12 days with no resolution of the unilateral visual loss.