bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfaces of VO2‐Polymorphs: Structure, Stability and the Effect of Doping
Authors: Stahl Berenike , Bredow Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVanadium dioxide is an interesting and frequently applied material due to its metal‐insulator phase transition. However, there are only few studies of the catalytic activity and surface properties of different VO2 polymorphs. Therefore, we investigated the properties of the surfaces of the most stable VO2 phases theoretically at density‐functional theory level using a self‐consistent hybrid functional which has demonstrated its accuracy for the prediction of structural, electronic and energetic properties in a previous study. We found that the surfaces of the rutile R phase of VO2 are not stable and show a spontaneous phase transition to the monoclinic M1 phase. Doping with Mo stabilizes the surfaces with rutile structure even for small dopant concentrations (6.25 %). Both M1 and R surfaces strongly relax, with and without doping. In particular the metal‐metal distances in the uppermost layers change by up to 0.4 Å. Mo segregates in the topmost layer of both R and M1 phases. The electronic structure is only slightly changed upon doping.
Coexpression gene network analysis of cold‐tolerant Solanum commersonii reveals new insights in response to low temperatures
Authors: Esposito Salvatore , Aversano Riccardo , Bradeen James , D'Amelia Vincenzo , Villano Clizia , Carputo Domenico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmong abiotic stressors, cold is one of the most harmful for the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a frost‐sensitive crop. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) profiling of two different clones of wild potato (S. commersonii Dun.) contrasting in their capacity to withstand low temperatures revealed a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under nonacclimated conditions (NAC) in tolerant clone cmm1T vs. the susceptible cmm6‐6 (1,002 and 8,055 DEGs, respectively). By contrast, the number of DEGs was much more comparable when both genotypes were under acclimated conditions (AC). Indeed, a total of 5,650 and 8,936 DEGs were detected in the tolerant genotype vs. the susceptible. Gene ontology (GO) classification under NAC showed a significant role for transcription regulation, lignin catabolic genes, and regulation of plant type secondary cell wall in the cold‐tolerant genotypes, suggesting an important role in conferring tolerance response. By contrast, response to stress and response to stimuli were enriched GO categories in both clones under AC. Unsigned weighted correlation networks analysis (WGCNA) allowed identification of coexpressed hub genes with possible main regulatory functions and major impacts on the phenotype. Among those identified, we clarified the role of CBF4. This gene showed contrasting expression profiles in the two clones under NAC, being induced in cold‐tolerant cmm1T but suppressed in susceptible cmm6‐6. By contrast, under AC, CBF4 was upregulated in both clones. Our study provides a global understanding of mechanisms involved following exposure to NAC and AC in S. commersonii. The mechanisms described here will inform future investigations for detailed validation in studies regarding cold tolerance in plants.
Mode effect: An issue of perspective? Writing mode differences in a spelling assessment in German children with and without developmental dyslexia
Authors: Jung Stefanie , Moeller Korbinian , Klein Elise , Heller Juergen 
Published: February 2021

Digital technology has an increasing influence on writing processes. In this context, the question arises whether changes in writing mode (i.e., handwriting vs. computer‐keyboard typing) also require changes in writing assessments. However, data directly comparing writing mode influences in children with and without developmental writing deficits are scarce. This study investigated the influence of writing mode in German‐speaking, typically developing children and children with developmental dyslexia (DD) from two different levels. Results showed on a general level that writing mode influenced overall spelling accuracy, writing time, and self‐corrections comparably in children with and without DD. On a rule‐specific level, outcomes for writing time and self‐corrections substantiated these findings. However, as regards spelling accuracy, a mode effect was only apparent for capitalization, whereas other spelling rules were resistant to writing mode influences. Present findings suggest that a mode effect is present only for typing specific aspects (e.g., capitalization) rather than reflecting a general influence on orthographic principles (e.g., grapheme–phoneme assignment, morphologic principles). These mode‐specific aspects seem to comparably affect the writing performance of typically developing children and children with DD. We recommend writing assessments to consider that different writing modes may influence individual spelling rules differently.
Effect of dapagliflozin on anaemia in DAPA‐HF
Authors: Docherty Kieran F. , Curtain James P. , Anand Inder S. , Bengtsson Olof , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Schou Morten , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Solomon Scott D. , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. ,   DAPA‐HF Investigators and Committees
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimAnaemia is common in heart failure and associated with worse outcomes. We examined the effect of dapagliflozin on correction of anaemia in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction in DAPA‐HF. We also analysed the effect of dapagliflozin on outcomes, according to anaemia status at baseline.Methods and resultsAnaemia was defined at baseline as a haematocrit <39% in men and <36% in women. Resolution of anaemia was defined as two consecutive haematocrit measurements above these thresholds at any time during follow‐up. The primary outcome was a composite of worsening HF (hospitalization or urgent visit requiring intravenous therapy) or cardiovascular death. Of the 4744 patients randomized in DAPA‐HF, 4691 had a haematocrit available at baseline, of which 1032 were anaemic (22.0%). The rate of the primary outcome was higher in patients with anaemia (16.1 per 100 person‐years) compared with those without (12.9 per 100 person‐years). Anaemia was corrected in 62.2% of patients in the dapagliflozin group, compared with 41.1% of patients in the placebo group. The effect of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in anaemic compared with non‐anaemic patients [hazard ratio (HR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–0.88 vs. HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65–0.89; interaction P = 0.44]. Similar findings were observed for cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality. Patients with resolution of anaemia had better outcomes than those in which anaemia persisted.ConclusionPatients with anaemia had worse outcomes in DAPA‐HF. Dapagliflozin corrected anaemia more often than placebo and improved outcomes, irrespective of anaemia status at baseline.
High‐dimensional multivariate geostatistics: A Bayesian matrix‐normal approach
Authors: Zhang Lu , Banerjee Sudipto , Finley Andrew O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJoint modeling of spatially oriented dependent variables is commonplace in the environmental sciences, where scientists seek to estimate the relationships among a set of environmental outcomes accounting for dependence among these outcomes and the spatial dependence for each outcome. Such modeling is now sought for massive data sets with variables measured at a very large number of locations. Bayesian inference, while attractive for accommodating uncertainties through hierarchical structures, can become computationally onerous for modeling massive spatial data sets because of its reliance on iterative estimation algorithms. This article develops a conjugate Bayesian framework for analyzing multivariate spatial data using analytically tractable posterior distributions that obviate iterative algorithms. We discuss differences between modeling the multivariate response itself as a spatial process and that of modeling a latent process in a hierarchical model. We illustrate the computational and inferential benefits of these models using simulation studies and analysis of a vegetation index data set with spatially dependent observations numbering in the millions.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation by using multiple constellation sets
Authors: Acar Yusuf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, a new transmission method named enhanced orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (E‐OFDM) is proposed to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) of the OFDM. The proposed method conveys information bits not only by theM‐ary symbols but also by the multiple different constellation sets. In the proposed method, we build the sub‐blocks by splitting the whole OFDM into pieces. Then, we use different constellation sets in each sub‐block and we assign the extra bits to them to increase the SE of the OFDM systems. Consequently, at the same modulation level, the proposed method has higher SE than the conventional OFDM system. The simulation results also show that the proposed method achieves better bit error rate (BER) performance than the conventional OFDM system with tolerable complexity. For example, the proposed method with a sub‐block size 2 doubles the SE of the conventional OFDM method with BPSK modulation, and also it has approximately 1.6 dB better BER performance than the conventional OFDM at BER =10−4. New constellation designs and receiver algorithm for the detection of additional bits are also presented.
Production and evaluation of the chemical and mechanical properties of nanocellulose and nanowood starch‐based biodegradable films potential candidates for moisture absorbers for food packaging
Authors: Ebadi Zahra , Ghaisari Hamidreza , Tajeddin Behjat , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to prepare starch‐based moisture absorbent pads from nanocellulose (NC) and nanowood (NW) particles using solution casting evaporation method and to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties at different thicknesses. The swelling degree (SD), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB), of prepared biofilms were measured. Structural properties of biofilms were evaluated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that two types of biopolymers showed the highest level of SD at thicknesses lower than 100 µm. The highest level of SD in the lowest time belonged to nanowood biofilm. Nanowood biofilms also showed highest WVP at lower thicknesses. Due to the highest EB and the lowest TS values, improvement was observed in mechanical properties of both nano biofilms. The high hydration capacity and WVP of low‐thickness NW films make it a promising candidate for developing biodegradable films with the potential to be used as a moisture‐absorbing pad in active food packaging.
Virtual sonographic hysteroscopy in assisted reproduction: A retrospective cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Laganà Antonio Simone , Török Péter , Lasmar Ricardo Bassil , Carugno Jose , Palumbo Marco , Tesarik Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the cost‐effectiveness of virtual sonographic hysteroscopy (VSH) performed before in vitro fertilization (IVF) (Scenario 1), frozen embryo transfer (Scenario 2), and oocyte donation (Scenario 3) attempts.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data extracted from patients’ files was conducted. Before undergoing the assigned treatment, VSH was offered to all patients. Cost‐effectiveness was calculated on the basis of cost per live birth. The total cost was compared with a control group of patients who declined to have hysteroscopy before their treatment.ResultsA total of 292 women were involved. Virtual sonographic hysteroscopy was performed in 192 women. Conventional operative hysteroscopy was subsequently required in 34 of them (17.7%). Subsequent assisted reproduction attempts resulted in live birth in 111 women—34/69 (49.3%), 35/69 (50.7%), and 42/54 (77.8%) in Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This compared favorably with 100 women who declined VSH, with live birth achieved in 15/39 (38.5%), 14/37 (37.8%), and 15/24 (62.5%) in Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The overall cost‐effectiveness of VSH compared favorably with straightforward treatment performed without this test.ConclusionThe overall cost‐effectiveness of treatment attempts carried out after previous VSH compared favorably with straightforward treatment performed without this test.
M‐wave and H‐reflex recruitment curves in boys and men
Authors: Piponnier Enzo , Ratel Sébastien , Chalchat Emeric , Bontemps Bastien , Bocock Olivia , Julian Valérie , Duclos Martine , Martin Vincent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to check whether the M‐wave and H‐reflex recruitment curves differ between prepubertal boys and men. Eleven boys (9–11 yr) and eleven men (18–35 yr) were magnetically stimulated at the tibial nerve in a prone position. M‐wave and H‐reflex maximal amplitudes (Hmax; Mmax; Hmax/Mmax), thresholds, regression slopes (Hslp; Mslp; Hslp/Mslp) were extracted from M‐wave and H‐reflex recruitment curves and compared between the two age groups. Overall, no significant difference in M‐wave and H‐reflex recruitment curve parameters was found between the two populations. Nevertheless, the size of the M‐wave associated with maximal H‐reflex amplitude was lower in boys as compared to men when expressed relative to maximal M‐wave amplitude (MHmax/Mmax: 0.18 ± 0.06 vs. 0.31 ± 0.13; p < .05). This result suggests that the development of peripheral nerve was completed in 9 to 11‐year‐old boys and did not affect the M‐wave and H‐reflex recruitment curves parameters. In neuromuscular function studies, it implies that Hmax/Mmax and Hslp/Mslp could be used indifferently to compare spinal motoneuron excitability between 9–11‐year‐old boys and men. Conversely, evoking H‐reflexes at a given percentage of Mmax may bias the comparison between boys and men.
The interaction between types of cover crop residue and digestate application methods affects ammonia volatilization during maize cropping season
Authors: Maris Stefania Codruta , Capra Federico , Ardenti Federico , Boselli Roberta , Pochintesta Davide , Beone Gian Maria , Tabaglio Vincenzo , Fiorini Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganic and mineral fertilizers are important sources of ammonia (NH3) emissions from agricultural fields. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate how different cover crop (CC) residues (i.e., rye [Secale cereale L.], white mustard [Sinapis alba L.], and bare soil as control) in combination with different application methods of digestate (surface broadcast vs. shallow injection) affect NH3 volatilization before planting maize (Zea mays L.) and (b) to assess the residual effect of previous CCs on NH3 volatilization after urea top‐dress application at the V5‐V6 phonological stage of maize. Ammonia volatilization was measured using semi‐static chambers for 14 d (335 h) after planting and for 6 d (150 h) at the V5‐V6 stage. Overall, NH3 emissions decreased by 67–77% with digestate injection compared with surface broadcasting. However, the reduction in NH3 volatilization using the injection method was significantly lower with mustard residue (6.72 kg NH3–N ha–1) than with rye residue (14.15 kg NH3–N ha–1), which allowed for more volatilization by increasing the exposure of digestate to the air. Broadcast digestate method did not affect the cumulative NH3–N losses obtained with different CC types. After urea top‐dressing at the V5‐V6 stage of maize, the cumulative losses of NH3 (during 150 h) were 2.99 kg NH3–N ha–1 with rye as previous CC and 2.49 kg NH3–N ha–1 with mustard. Our study shows that digestate injection before maize planting and urea top‐dressing application followed immediately by irrigation (15 mm) could be considered as useful strategies to mitigate NH3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency in maize.
Potential human inhalation exposure to soil contaminants in urban gardens on brownfields sites: A breath of fresh air?
Authors: Weeks Joseph J. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Santos Eduardo , Tatarko John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrban gardening has been experiencing increased popularity around the world. Many urban gardens are located on sites that may be contaminated by trace elements or organic compounds due to previous use. The three main exposure pathways to the human body for soil contaminants are (a) ingestion of soil directly, (b) consumption of produce containing or superficially contaminated with a contaminant, (c) and inhalation of soil dust. The first two modes have received much attention; however, the contribution of the inhalation route has not been investigated adequately. Two inhalation risk studies were carried out in urban gardens located in Kansas City, MO, by collecting dust while 25‐m2 plots were rototilled. Microclimatic variables were monitored, and total inhalable dust mass was determined using a personal sampling train including a small pump and air filter. Soil lead (Pb) concentration was assessed at both sites. For Study 1, particle size distribution of collected particles was estimated through analysis of scanning electron microscope images of filters. Little dust was collected at either site. Most particles captured, however, appeared to be <4 μm in diameter. The amount of dust emitted was correlated with soil moisture. Tilling reduced soil aggregate size and blended soil, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of Pb. Dust inhalation while tilling is likely not a major Pb exposure risk for gardeners, but given the preponderance of very small particles in what was captured, care should be taken to prevent dust from entering the respiratory system.
Treatment strategies for reflux esophagitis including a potassium‐competitive acid blocker: A cost‐effectiveness analysis in Japan
Authors: Habu Yasuki , Hamasaki Ryuhei , Maruo Motonobu , Nakagawa Tatsuya , Aono Yuki , Hachimine Daisaku 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionGastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the mainstays of treatment. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of PPIs. A potassium‐competitive acid blocker (P‐CAB), vonoprazan (VPZ), was recently introduced, which may provide clinical benefits. This study was performed to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of alternative long‐term strategies including continuous and discontinuous treatment with VPZ for the management of reflux esophagitis in Japan.MethodsA health state transition model was developed to capture the long‐term management of reflux esophagitis. Four different strategies were compared: (a) intermittent PPI using lansoprazole (LPZ); (b) intermittent P‐CAB; (c) maintenance PPI using LPZ; and (d) maintenance P‐CAB.ResultsIntermittent P‐CAB was the most cost‐effective, and the number of days for which medication was required with this strategy was fewest. Maintenance PPI was more efficacious, but more costly than intermittent P‐CAB. Maintenance P‐CAB was more efficacious, but more costly than maintenance PPI. Co‐payments were higher for maintenance PPI than for intermittent P‐CAB, and for maintenance P‐CAB than for maintenance PPI, which were considered reasonable for the majority of patients to improve symptoms.ConclusionsIntermittent P‐CAB appears to be the strategy of choice for the majority of reflux esophagitis patients in clinical practice. If a patient is not satisfied with the symptom control of the current strategy, switching to a more effective strategy appears to be a reasonable option for the majority of patients.
Prenatal diagnosis of 913 fetuses samples using copy number variation sequencing
Authors: Lan Liubing , She Lingna , Zhang Bosen , He Yanhong , Zheng Zhiyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to explore the etiological relationship between fetal abnormalities and copy number variations (CNVs) with the aim of intervening and preventing the birth of children with birth defects in time.MethodsSamples of 913 fetuses with puncture indications were collected from January 2017 to December 2019. Karyotype analysis and CNV sequencing (CNV‐seq) testing was performed for fetuses with ultrasonic abnormalities, a high risk of Down’s syndrome and an adverse birth history. All cases were followed up.ResultsIn total, 123 cases (13.47%) had abnormal karyotypes, including 109 cases with chromosome number abnormalities and 14 cases of chromosomal structural abnormalities. Thirty‐seven (4.05%) cases with pathogenic CNVs were detected. The detection rate of pathogenicity CNVs was 12.82% for mixed indications, followed by 7.5% for an adverse birth history, 5.88% at high risk of non‐invasive prenatal testing, 5.00% with an abnormal ultrasonic marker, 1.89% at high risk of screening for Down's syndrome and 1.45% with advanced maternal age. There were 12 (1.31%) cases with microduplications and 25 (2.74%) cases with microdeletions. Trisomy 21 (39.02%), trisomy 18 (13.82%) and Turner syndrome (9.76%) were the top three chromosome abnormalities. There were 104, 746 and 63 cases in the 11–13 weeks, 14–27 weeks 28–38 weeks gestational ages, respectively. The abnormal rates of fetal chromosome aneuploidy and the rate of pathogenic CNVs were decreased and increased with the increase of gestational age (p < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsCompared with karyotype analysis, CNV‐seq can improve the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities. CNV‐seq combined karyotype analysis should be performed simultaneously in fetuses with puncture indications.
Factors affecting antidepressant use by patients requiring home parenteral nutrition
Authors: Cloutier Anabelle , Deutsch Liat , Miller Bethany , Leahy Gavin , Ablett Joanne , Healey Andrew , Twist Katherine , Teubner Antje , Abraham Arun , Taylor Michael , Pironi Loris , Lal Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHome parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a life‐saving therapy for patients with chronic intestinal failure but can be associated with a degree of psychological distress. The factors associated with the need for antidepressants (ADs) in this cohort have not yet been described.MethodsThe study involved prospective data collection from patients attending an HPN clinic at a national intestinal failure referral center. Patients requiring HPN as a result of active malignancy were excluded. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to AD usage; demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic characteristics, and intravenous supplementation (IVS) regimens were compared between groups.ResultsA total of 184 patients were recruited between July 2018 and April 2019, with an overall prevalence of AD use of 41.7% (70/168 patients). Daily mean IVS volume was significantly higher among patients taking AD (“AD” group; 2125.48 ± 991.8 ml/day, “no‐AD” group; 1828.54 ± 847.0 ml/day, P = .039), with the proportion of patients needing high‐volume IVS (≥3000 ml/day) being 3 times higher in the AD group (20.0%(14/70 patients) vs 6.1% (6/98 patients), P = .006). The average energy IVS infusion per day was similar between the groups.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that AD use correlates with higher IVS volume rather than energy requirements in HPN patients, suggesting that high IVS volume requirements may be better associated with the patient's disease burden. Early and tailored mental health intervention may be beneficial in those with high IVS volume requirements.