bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Organisation and Steering in International Research Collaborations
Authors: Ulnicane Inga 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs international collaboration within the scientific community is increasing, for scientific and political reasons, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of tension between self-organising and steering. To do so, this contribution contrasts two in-depth case studies of international collaboration in nanosciences. Tracing the emergence and evolution of collaboration helps identify relevant dimensions of self-organisation and steering by analysing scientists’ freedom to act and the influence of grant agencies on collaborative topics, types of research, partners, and modes of interaction. While existing literature indicates that self-organisation leads to productive collaborations and steering can be problematic and trigger the emergence of ‘artificial collaborations’, insights from the case studies here reveal that self-organisation and steering are intertwined, and both can have positive and problematic effects. Self-organisation allows freedom to choose collaborators and topics but can provide limited opportunities for learning from diverse collaborators and for expansion due to lack of resources. Steering can not only provide resources for larger and more diverse collaborations but can also entail compromises on topics and collaborators as well as considerable administrative burdens. Rather than being in tension with each other, self-organisation and steering in successful collaborations can reinforce each other, allowing collaborations to grow.
The Epistemic Importance of Novices: How Undergraduate Students Contribute to Engineering Laboratory Communities
Authors: Wylie Caitlin Donahue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScholars and practitioners have long viewed learners as works-in-progress and as somewhat empty vessels to be filled with appropriate knowledge and skills to become future expert practitioners. However, based on an ethnography of two engineering laboratories, I found that laboratory members regularly swap the roles of learner and instructor, regardless of their status as an undergraduate student, a graduate student, or a faculty member. Furthermore, undergraduate students make crucial contributions to their research communities in the form of knowledge, creativity, and opportunities for other members to learn and build relationships through teaching. What, then, do the identities of “novice” and “expert” mean in practice? I argue that it is more productive to define the identity of a community based on mutual learning and epistemic exchange rather than on expertise.
Work-sensitive Dynamic Complexity of Formal Languages
Authors: Schmidt Jonas , Schwentick Thomas , Tantau Till , Vortmeier Nils , Zeume Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhich amount of parallel resources is needed for updating a query result after changing an input? In this work we study the amount of work required for dynamically answering membership and range queries for formal languages in parallel constant time with polynomially many processors. As a prerequisite, we propose a framework for specifying dynamic, parallel, constant-time programs that require small amounts of work. This framework is based on the dynamic descriptive complexity framework by Patnaik and Immerman.
Symbolic Coloured SCC Decomposition
Authors: Beneš Nikola , Brim Luboš , Pastva Samuel , Šafránek David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProblems arising in many scientific disciplines are often modelled using edge-coloured directed graphs. These can be enormous in the number of both vertices and colours. Given such a graph, the original problem frequently translates to the detection of the graph’s strongly connected components, which is challenging at this scale.We propose a new, symbolic algorithm that computes all the monochromatic strongly connected components of an edge-coloured graph. In the worst case, the algorithm performs $$O(p\cdot n\cdot \log n)$$

O
(
p
·
n
·
log
n
)

symbolic steps, where p is the number of colours and n the number of vertices. We evaluate the algorithm using an experimental implementation based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and large (up to $$2^{48}$$

2
48

) coloured graphs produced by models appearing in systems biology.
Types for Complexity of Parallel Computation in Pi-Calculus
Authors: Baillot Patrick , Ghyselen Alexis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractType systems as a technique to analyse or control programs have been extensively studied for functional programming languages. In particular some systems allow to extract from a typing derivation a complexity bound on the program. We explore how to extend such results to parallel complexity in the setting of the pi-calculus, considered as a communication-based model for parallel computation. Two notions of time complexity are given: the total computation time without parallelism (the work) and the computation time under maximal parallelism (the span). We define operational semantics to capture those two notions, and present two type systems from which one can extract a complexity bound on a process. The type systems are inspired both by size types and by input/output types, with additional temporal information about communications.
Checking Robustness Between Weak Transactional Consistency Models
Authors: Beillahi Sidi Mohamed , Bouajjani Ahmed , Enea Constantin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConcurrent accesses to databases are typically encapsulated in transactions in order to enable isolation from other concurrent computations and resilience to failures. Modern databases provide transactions with various semantics corresponding to different trade-offs between consistency and availability. Since a weaker consistency model provides better performance, an important issue is investigating the weakest level of consistency needed by a given program (to satisfy its specification). As a way of dealing with this issue, we investigate the problem of checking whether a given program has the same set of behaviors when replacing a consistency model with a weaker one. This property known as robustness generally implies that any specification of the program is preserved when weakening the consistency. We focus on the robustness problem for consistency models which are weaker than standard serializability, namely, causal consistency, prefix consistency, and snapshot isolation. We show that checking robustness between these models is polynomial time reducible to a state reachability problem under serializability. We use this reduction to also derive a pragmatic proof technique based on Lipton’s reduction theory that allows to prove programs robust. We have applied our techniques to several challenging applications drawn from the literature of distributed systems and databases.
An Automated Deductive Verification Framework for Circuit-building Quantum Programs
Authors: Chareton Christophe , Bardin Sébastien , Bobot François , Perrelle Valentin , Valiron Benoît 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. In this paper we propose Qbricks, a formal verification environment for circuit-building quantum programs, featuring both parametric specifications and a high degree of proof automation. We propose a logical framework based on first-order logic, and develop the main tool we rely upon for achieving the automation of proofs of quantum specification: PPS, a parametric extension of the recently developed path sum semantics. To back-up our claims, we implement and verify parametric versions of several famous and non-trivial quantum algorithms, including the quantum parts of Shor’s integer factoring, quantum phase estimation (QPE) and Grover’s search.
Complementary projection defects and decomposition
Authors: Klos Fabian , Roggenkamp Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As put forward in [1] topological quantum field theories can be projected using so-called projection defects. The projected theory and its correlation functions can be completely realized within the unprojected one. An interesting example is the case of topological quantum field theories associated to IR fixed points of renormalization group flows, which by this method can be realized inside the theories associated to the UV. In this note we show that projection defects in triangulated defect categories (such as defects in 2d topologically twisted $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) theories) always come with complementary projection defects, and that the unprojected theory decomposes into the theories associated to the two projection defects. We demonstrate this in the context of Landau-Ginzburg orbifold theories.
Discrete and higher-form symmetries in SCFTs from wrapped M5-branes
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Bonetti Federico , Minasian Ruben 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We analyze topological mass terms of BF type arising in supersymmetric M-theory compactifications to AdS5. These describe spontaneously broken higher-form gauge symmetries in the bulk. Different choices of boundary conditions for the BF terms yield dual field theories with distinct global discrete symmetries. We discuss in detail these symmetries and their ’t Hooft anomalies for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs arising from M5-branes wrapped on a Riemann surface without punctures, including theories from M5-branes at a ℤ2 orbifold singularity. The anomaly polynomial is computed via inflow and contains background fields for discrete global 0-, 1-, and 2-form symmetries and continuous 0-form symmetries, as well as axionic background fields. The latter are properly interpreted in the context of anomalies in the space of coupling constants.
Niraparib with androgen receptor-axis-targeted therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: safety and pharmacokinetic results from a phase 1b study (BEDIVERE)
Authors: Saad Fred , Chi Kim N. , Shore Neal D. , Graff Julie N. , Posadas Edwin M. , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Espina Byron M. , Zhu Eugene , Yu Alex , Hazra Anasuya , De Meulder Marc , Mamidi Rao N. V. S. , Bradic Branislav , Francis Peter , Hayreh Vinny , Rezazadeh Kalebasty Arash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the safety and pharmacokinetics and determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of niraparib with apalutamide or abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods
BEDIVERE was a multicenter, open-label, phase 1b study of niraparib 200 or 300 mg/day with apalutamide 240 mg or AAP (abiraterone acetate 1000 mg; prednisone 10 mg). Patients with mCRPC were previously treated with ≥ 2 lines of systemic therapy, including ≥ 1 androgen receptor-axis-targeted therapy for prostate cancer.

Results
Thirty-three patients were enrolled (niraparib-apalutamide, 6; niraparib-AAP, 27). No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported when combinations included niraparib 200 mg; five patients receiving niraparib 300 mg experienced DLTs [niraparib-apalutamide, 2/3 patients (66.7%); niraparib-AAP, 3/8 patients (37.5%)]. Although data are limited, niraparib exposures were lower when given with apalutamide compared with historical niraparib monotherapy exposures in patients with solid tumors. Because of the higher incidence of DLTs, the niraparib–apalutamide combination and niraparib 300 mg combination with AAP were not further evaluated. Niraparib 200 mg was selected as the RP2D with AAP. Of 19 patients receiving niraparib 200 mg with AAP, 12 (63.2%) had grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events, the most common being thrombocytopenia (26.3%) and hypertension (21.1%). Five patients (26.3%) had adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions
These results support the choice of niraparib 200 mg as the RP2D with AAP. The niraparib–AAP combination was tolerable in patients with mCRPC, with no new safety signals. An ongoing phase 3 study is further assessing this combination in patients with mCRPC.

Trial registration no.
NCT02924766 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
99mTc internal contaminations measurements among nuclear medicine medical personnel during ventilation – perfusion SPECT lung scans
Authors: Borkowska E. , Brudecki K. , Kostkiewicz M. , Gorzkiewicz K. , Misiak R. , Nalichowska E. , Miszczyk J. , Mróz T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents results of measurements of 99mTc activity concentration in air and nuclear medical personnel blood during ventilation–perfusion SPECT lung scans. 99mTc activity measurements were conducted at the Nuclear Medicine Department, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow. Technicians and nurses who perform examinations were equipped with personal aspirators enabling air sampling to determine the radiation exposure at their workplaces. Measurements allowed to evaluate the concentration of 99mTc in 14 air samples and it ranged from 7800 ± 600 to 10,000 ± 1000 Bq m−3 for air samples collected by technicians and from 390 ± 30 to 600 ± 40 Bq m−3 for air samples collected by nurses. In addition 99mTc concentrations in blood of medical personnel were determined in 24 samples. For technicians the maximum 99mTc blood concentration levels reached 920 ± 70 Bq L−1 and 1300 ± 100 Bq L−1. In the case of nurses, the maximum estimated activity concentrations were about ten times lower, namely 71 ± 7 Bq L−1 and 39 ± 3 Bq L−1. Although the intakes appear to be relatively high, the resulting annual effective doses are about 34 µSv for technicians and only 2 µSv for nurses.
The influence of chest X-ray results on antibiotic prescription for childhood pneumonia in the emergency department
Authors: van de Maat Josephine S. , Garcia Perez Daniella , Driessen Gertjan J. A. , van Wermeskerken Anne-Marie , Smit Frank J. , Noordzij Jeroen G. , Tramper-Stranders Gerdien , Obihara Charlie C. , Punt Jeanine , Moll Henriette A. , Oostenbrink Rianne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of chest X-ray (CXR) results on antibiotic prescription in children suspected of lower respiratory tract infections (RTI) in the emergency department (ED). We performed a secondary analysis of a stepped-wedge, cluster randomized trial of children aged 1 month to 5 years with fever and cough/dyspnoea in 8 EDs in the Netherlands (2016–2018), including a 1-week follow-up. We analysed the observational data of the pre-intervention period, using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the influence of CXR result on antibiotic prescription. We included 597 children (median age 17 months [IQR 9–30, 61% male). CXR was performed in 109/597 (18%) of children (range across hospitals 9 to 50%); 52/109 (48%) showed focal infiltrates. Children who underwent CXR were more likely to receive antibiotics, also when adjusted for clinical signs and symptoms, hospital and CXR result (OR 7.25 [95% CI 2.48–21.2]). Abnormalities on CXR were not significantly associated with antibiotic prescription.Conclusion: Performance of CXR was independently associated with more antibiotic prescription, regardless of its results. The limited influence of CXR results on antibiotic prescription highlights the inferior role of CXR on treatment decisions for suspected lower RTI in the ED.What is Known:• Chest X-ray (CXR) has a high inter-observer variability and cannot distinguish between bacterial or viral pneumonia.• Current guidelines recommend against routine use of CXR in children with uncomplicated respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the outpatient setting.What is New:• CXR is still frequently performed in non-complex children suspected of lower RTIs in the emergency department• CXR performance was independently associated with more antibiotic prescriptions, regardless of its results, highlighting the inferior role of chest X-rays in treatment decisions.
Oral health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure and left ventricular assist devices—results of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schmalz Gerhard , Binner Christian , Eisner Mirjam , Wagner Justus , Rast Josephine , Kottmann Tanja , Haak Rainer , Lehmann Sven , Borger Michael A. , Garbade Jens , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart failure (HF).

Material and methods
Seventy-four patients with LVAD were recruited from University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Germany. A group of 72 patients with HF was composed by matching (age, gender, smoking). The German short form of oral health impact profile (OHIP G14) was applied. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured by short form 36 survey (SF-36). Dental conditions (decayed-, missing- and filled-teeth [DMF-T]), remaining teeth and periodontal findings were assessed. Statistics: t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square or Fisher test, linear regression.

Results
Age, gender, smoking, underlying disease, co-morbidities and oral findings were comparable between groups (p > 0.05). OHIP G14 sum score was 3.53 ± 6.82 (LVAD) and 2.92 ± 5.35 (HF; p = 0.70), respectively. The scales SF-36 physical functioning (p = 0.05) and SF-36 social functioning (p < 0.01) were worse in LVAD. In the LVAD group, the DMF-T and remaining teeth negatively correlated with OHIP G14 sum score (p < 0.01). In HF patients, positive correlations were found between OHIP G14 and D-T (p < 0.01) and remaining teeth (p = 0.04). Moreover, DMF-T (p = 0.03) and remaining molars/premolars (p = 0.02) were negatively correlated with SF-36 scales in HF.

Conclusions
Oral health and OHRQoL was comparable between LVAD and HF; thereby, OHRQoL reflected the clinical oral status.

Clinical relevance
Dental care, with beginning in early stage of HF, should be fostered to preserve teeth and support quality of life before and after LVAD implantation.
Calvarial lesions: overview of imaging features and neurosurgical management
Authors: Nasi-Kordhishti Isabella , Hempel Johann-Martin , Ebner Florian Heinrich , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCalvarial lesions are rare and can present as a variety of different diseases. The lesions can be palpable on the skin and cause local pain and paraesthesia and, depending on the location, neurological deficits can also occur. This research aims to present an overview of typical imaging features as well as neurosurgical management. We examined the charts of patients who underwent surgery on a calvarial lesion in our department between 2004 and 2017 (n=133). Retrospectively, the pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were analyzed with morphological and histological findings and compared with each other. Pain, swelling, cosmetically disturbing, and neurological deficits were the main complaints. Seventy-seven lesions were limited to the bone, while another 56 lesions showed an infiltrating growth in the adjacent tissue. Depending on the clinical signs and suspected diagnosis, a biopsy, a partial removal, or a complete resection was performed. Histiocytosis (n=20), meningiomas (n=20), metastases (n=19), and osteomas (n=16) were the most common lesions. Fibrous dysplasia (n=6) and intraosseous hemangioma (n=9) were less common; other lesions were present only in isolated cases. Imaging features may suggest the lesion to be benign or malignant, but the diagnosis can be only confirmed by histological examination. The surgical strategy depends on the complaints, location of the lesion, and suspected diagnosis. Adjuvant treatment should be initiated according to the histological findings.
On the Best Constant Problem for a Class of Mixed-Norm Hardy Inequalities
Authors: Lai Baofeng , Wang Runqiu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain the best constant and the equality condition for a class of mixed-norm Hardy inequalities when the weight is a power function. By building and solving the corresponding Euler equation, we look for the best constant and the optimal function. One of the main ingredients is to introduce two key auxiliary functions so that the corresponding equalities are derived.
Incidence rates and contemporary trends in primary urethral cancer
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Nocera Luigi , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Würnschimmel Christoph , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Tilki Derya , Mandel Philipp , Becker Andreas , Kluth Luis A. , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We assessed contemporary incidence rates and trends of primary urethral cancer.

Methods
We identified urethral cancer patients within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry (SEER, 2004–2016). Age-standardized incidence rates per 1,000,000 (ASR) were calculated. Log linear regression analyses were used to compute average annual percent change (AAPC).

Results
From 2004 to 2016, 1907 patients with urethral cancer were diagnosed (ASR 1.69; AAPC: -0.98%, p = 0.3). ASR rates were higher in males than in females (2.70 vs. 0.55), respectively and did not change over the time (both p = 0.3). Highest incidence rates were recorded in respectively ≥75 (0.77), 55–74 (0.71) and ≤54 (0.19) years of age categories, in that order. African Americans exhibited highest incidence rate (3.33) followed by Caucasians (1.72), other race groups (1.57) and Hispanics (1.57), in that order. A significant decrease occurred over time in Hispanics, but not in other race groups. In African Americans, male and female sex-stratified incidence rates were higher than in any other race group. Urothelial histological subtype exhibited highest incidence rate (0.92), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (0.41), adenocarcinoma (0.29) and other histologies (0.20). In stage stratified analyses, T1N0M0 stage exhibited highest incidence rate. However, it decreased over time (−3.00%, p = 0.02) in favor of T1-4N1-2M0 stage (+ 2.11%, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Urethral cancer is rare. Its incidence rates are highest in males, elderly patients, African Americans and in urothelial histological subtype. Most urethral cancer cases are T1N0M0, but over time, the incidence of T1N0M0 decreased in favor of T1-4N1-2M0.
Influence of Twin-Roll Casting Speed on Microstructural Homogeneity, Centerline Segregation, and Surface Quality of Three Different Mg Alloys
Authors: Victoria-Hernández J. , Kurz G. , Bohlen J. , Yi S. , Letzig D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, the influence of twin-roll casting (TRC) speed on the microstructure of the through-thickness uniformity, centerline segregation, and surface quality of three wrought Mg alloys was investigated. The microstructural features of the AZ31, ZX11, and ZWK200 alloys produced at TRC speeds ranging from 1.8 m/min to 2.2 m/min (for the AZ31 and ZWK200), and 1.5–2.5 m/min (for the ZX11 alloy) were analyzed. There were clear differences in the microstructure uniformity depending on the alloy composition. Columnar grains coexisting with globular grains were found in the AZ31 and ZX11 alloys, whereas the ZWK200 alloy showed a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure characterized by a weaker texture even at the highest TRC speed used. While there is a tendency to reduce the centerline segregation as the TRC speed is decreased during casting of the AZ31 alloy, the formation of this defect cannot be prevented in the ZX11 and ZWK200 alloys by only varying the TRC speed.