bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrapyloric lymph node dissection in right hemicolectomy for colon cancer: Should prophylactic resection be recommended?
Authors: Sun Yueming , Zhang Dongsheng , Feng Yifei , Wang Yong , Xu Ziwei , Tang Junwei , Huang Yuanjian , Zhang Chuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInfrapyloric lymph node dissection in right colon cancer patients remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the pattern of infrapyloric lymph node metastasis in right colon cancer patients.MethodsClinical and pathological data of 140 colon cancer patients who underwent radical right hemicolectomy and infrapyloric lymph node dissection were retrospectively examined. Patient characteristics, intraoperative conditions, postoperative recovery information, postoperative pathological findings, and follow‐up data were examined.ResultsAbout 19, 44, 73, and 4 patients had tumors located in the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and right side of the transverse colon, respectively. The median number of harvested lymph nodes and that of positive lymph nodes were 24 (16–30) and 1 (0–7.75), respectively. The lymph node metastasis rate was 41.43% (58/140). The corresponding values for infrapyloric lymph nodes were 3 (1–4), 0 (0–0), and 0.71% (1/140), respectively. The median follow‐up duration was 19 (0–65) months in 131 (93.6%) patients. The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 86.3% and 73.5%, respectively.ConclusionGiven the low rate of infrapyloric lymph node metastasis in right colon cancer, lymph node dissection is recommended in patients with locally advanced colon cancer at the hepatic flexure and those with suspected infrapyloric lymph node metastasis.
Wound Healing Profile After 1064‐ and 532‐nm Picosecond Lasers With Microlens Array of In Vivo Human Skin
Authors: O′Connor Kelly , Cho Sung Bin , Chung Hye Jin 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to histologically characterize the wound healing process of in vivo human skin treated with 1064‐ and 532‐nm microlens array (MLA)‐type picosecond lasers.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThree patients (Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV), who were undergoing future cosmetic abdominoplasties, were treated with 1064‐ and 532‐nm MLA‐type lasers under different fluence settings. Treatments were performed 2 weeks, 1 week, and immediately prior to surgery. Skin samples were harvested from the resected tissue with 8 mm punch biopsies immediately after the abdominoplasties were performed.ResultsThe study demonstrates that intraepidermal vacuoles, created from tissue damage induced by the laser, are histologically resolved within 1 week without persistent damage to the dermoepidermal junction or vasculature. After 2 weeks, all foci of microscopic epidermal necrotic debris had either resolved or migrated to more superficial levels in the stratum corneum. There was no evidence of persistent vascular damage, increased melanophages, or accumulation of melanin in the dermis at 2 weeks. Furthermore, the 1064‐nm picosecond laser with the high fluence setting demonstrated the capacity to fractionally ablate the epidermis and induce multifocal fibrosis in the papillary dermis in lighter skin types.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate the wound healing profile of in vivo human skin after treatment with the picosecond 1064‐ and 532‐nm MLA‐type lasers. It shows that laser‐induced tissue damage is histologically resolved within 2 weeks, clinically reflecting a favorable safety profile and short downtime. The study also shows that the picosecond laser can be used to induce either fractional ablative or non‐ablative effects, depending on the fluence settings used. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Movement Disorders. New Perspectives on A Time‐Tested Therapy
Authors: Garcia Ruiz Pedro J. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been a very well known therapy in Psychiatry for over 80 years. ECT is considered useful in treating acute mania, severe depression and other psychiatric conditions. Over time, this therapy has also been used in several movement disorders including Parkinson disease (PD) and Huntington disease (HD). In this brief review, I summarize the recent History and evolution of ECT, its proven and potential applications in movement disorders as well as its potential mechanisms.
Imperfect spoiling in variable flip angle T1 mapping at 7T: Quantifying and minimizing impact
Authors: Corbin Nadège , Callaghan Martina F. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe variable flip angle (VFA) approach to T1 mapping assumes perfectly spoiled transverse magnetisation at the end of each repetition time (TR). Despite radiofrequency (RF) and gradient spoiling, this condition is rarely met, leading to erroneous T1 estimates (). Theoretical corrections can be applied but make assumptions about tissue properties, for example, a global T2 time. Here, we investigate the effect of imperfect spoiling at 7T and the interaction between the RF and gradient spoiling conditions, additionally accounting for diffusion. We provide guidance on the optimal approach to maximise the accuracy of the T1 estimate in the context of 3D multi‐echo acquisitions.MethodsThe impact of the spoiling regime was investigated through numerical simulations, phantom and invivo experiments.ResultsThe predicted dependence of on tissue properties, system settings, and spoiling conditions was observed in both phantom and in vivo experiments. Diffusion effects modulated the dependence of on both efficiency and T2 times.ConclusionError in can be minimized by using an RF spoiling increment and gradient spoiler moment combination that minimizes T2‐dependence and safeguards image quality. Although the diffusion effect was comparatively small at 7T, correction factors accounting for this effect are recommended.
Organische Chemie
Authors: Paradies Jan , Andexer Jennifer , Beifuss Uwe , Beuerle Florian , Brasholz Malte , Breinbauer Rolf , Ernst Martin , Ganardi Ruth , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Hüttel Wolfgang , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie , Körber Karsten , Kordes Markus , Lehmann Matthias , Lindel Thomas , Luy Burkhard , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Muhle‐Goll Claudia , Niemeyer Jochen , Pfau Roland , Pietruszka Jörg , Röckl Johannes L. , Schaschke Norbert , Senge Mathias O. , Straub Bernd F. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Werner Thomas , Werz Daniel B. , Winter Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElektrochemische Synthese – Naturstoffe und deren Synthese – photokatalytische Redoxchemie – Farbstoffe – Nanostrukturen – Wirkstoffe – asymmetrische Katalyse und mehr.
Das Erfinden erleichtern
Authors: Herr Jasmin Martha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEine neu bei der GDCh eingerichtete Stiftung hilft beim Patentieren: Der Dres.‐Volker‐und‐Elke‐Münch‐Preis für Wissenschaft und Forschung unterstützt mit 5000 Euro eine Patentanmeldung beim Deutschen Patent‐ und Markenamt.
Namen und Geschlechter im Wandel
Authors: Junkers Tanja , Pecher Lisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFür Wissenschaftler:innen, die Namen und Geschlechterrolle wechseln, können neben der Belastung, die dieser Prozess mit sich bringt, Publikationen unter altem Namen Unannehmlichkeiten und Diskriminierung verursachen. Neue Richtlinien bei den Verlagen von Chemiefachzeitschriften bieten einen Ausweg und sorgen somit für Gleichstellung.
The extracellular matrix molecules versican and hyaluronan in urethral and vaginal tissues in stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Harten Ingrid A. , Evanko Stephen P. , Choe Chong H. , Lee Eugene W. , Patel Bhavin N. , Bogdani Marika , Wight Thomas N. , Lee Una J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeAbnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) changes are correlated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The ECM components versican (Vcan) and hyaluronan (HA) play key roles in regulating tissue inflammation and maintaining connective tissue homeostasis. We analyzed the localization and expression of these ECM components in urethral and vaginal tissues from a rat model of urinary incontinence and from human clinical specimens.MethodsNulliparous rats underwent vaginal distension (VD), a rodent model of SUI, or a sham procedure. Tissues were harvested from six rats per group at days 1, 4, and 21 for immunohistochemistry and RNA expression analysis of ECM components. Periurethral vaginal samples from female patients with SUI were also examined.ResultsHigh‐intensity staining for Vcan was observed 1 day after procedure in both control and VD animals. This level of abundance persisted at day 4 in VD compared to control, with concurrent reduced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the Vcan‐degrading enzymes ADAMTS5 and ADAMTS9 and reduced staining for the Vcan cleavage epitope DPEAAE. Abundance of HA was not different between VD and control, however mRNA expression of the HA synthase Has2 was significantly reduced in VD tissues at day 4. Abundant Vcan staining was observed in 60% of SUI patient samples, which was strongest in regions of disrupted elastin.ConclusionReduction of Vcan‐degrading enzymes and HA synthases at day 4 postsurgery indicates a potential delay in ECM turnover associated with SUI. Abundant Vcan is associated with inflammation and elastin fiber network disruption, warranting further investigation to determine its role in SUI pathogenesis.
An integer program and new lower bounds for computing the strong rainbow connection numbers of graphs
Authors: Smith Logan A. , Mildebrath David , Hicks Illya V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present an integer programming model to compute the strong rainbow connection number, src(G), of any simple graph G. We introduce several enhancements to the proposed model, including a fast heuristic, and a variable elimination scheme. Moreover, we present a novel lower bound for src(G) which may be of independent research interest. We solve the integer program both directly and using an alternative method based on iterative lower bound improvement, the latter of which we show to be highly effective in practice. To our knowledge, these are the first computational methods for the strong rainbow connection problem. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods by computing the strong rainbow connection numbers of graphs containing up to 379 vertices.
Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from an Eye‐Tracking Experiment
Authors: Lahey Joanna N. , Oxley Douglas R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper uses a laboratory experiment with eye‐tracking and about 6,000 unique randomized resumes to explore the effects of race on employment discrimination over the life cycle for experienced applicants in their mid 30s to 70s. We find striking evidence of race discrimination against prime‐age Black job applicants that diminishes into middle age before re‐emerging for older applicants. Screeners in professional programs mechanically process Black and White resumes similarly, but spend less time on resumes for the younger Black applicants. We find evidence of levels‐based statistical discrimination, suggesting that screeners believe younger Black applicants to have worse computer skills and more gaps in their job histories. We also find evidence for variance‐based statistical discrimination against Black applicants of all ages, suggesting that screeners perceive the job history signal to be stronger for White applicants than for Black, disproportionately affecting older Black applicants. Evidence from a smaller companion study using Human Resources (HR) managers and from the Current Population Survey (CPS) supports the external validity of our experiment, particularly for female job applicants. Results are robust to a number of different controls and specification choices.
Higgs‐Bosonen im Supraleiter
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Kaiser Stefan , Manske Dirk 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Standardmodell postuliert ein Higgs‐Feld, das durch den Higgs‐Mechanismus die Masse aller Teilchen erzeugt. In Supraleitern existiert eine Analogie dazu, wobei das Cooper‐Paar‐Kondensat die Rolle des Higgs‐Feldes einnimmt. Eine Anregung des Higgs‐Feldes, das Higgs‐Boson oder die Higgs‐Mode, ist damit auch in Supraleitern möglich. Da im Gegensatz zum Standardmodell das Higgs‐Feld im Supraleiter eine innere Struktur besitzt, ist das beobachtbare Spektrum komplexer und erlaubt eine Spektroskopie von Higgs‐Moden. Mit dem neuen Werkzeug eröffnet sich auch ein neuer Einblick in den immer noch nicht verstandenen Mechanismus der Hochtemperatursupraleitung.
Regenmessung im Mobilfunknetz
Authors: Graf Maximilian , Polz Julius , Chwala Christian 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas möglichst exakte Erfassen des Niederschlags ist ein grundlegender Bestandteil der Klima‐ und Umweltforschung sowie für verschiedene Anwendungen, beispielsweise in der Landwirtschaft. Eine neue Art der Niederschlagsmessung ermöglicht das Mobilfunknetz in Deutschland mittels Richtfunkstrecken (Commercial Microwave Link, CML). Der große Vorteil dieser Methode liegt in der potenziell weltweit nutzbaren Infrastruktur. Die Qualität der Niederschlagserfassung mit etwa 4000 CML in Deutschland weist eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit dem offiziellen Messnetz des Deutschen Wetterdienstes auf.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT) alone versus PNT plus platelet‐rich plasma injection for the treatment of chronic tendinosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kirschner Jonathan S. , Cheng Jennifer , Hurwitz Nicole , Santiago Kristen , Lin Emerald , Beatty Nicholas , Kingsbury Dallas , Wendel Ian , Milani Carlo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTendinosis is a chronic degenerative condition. Current research suggests both percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT) and leukocyte‐rich platelet‐rich plasma (LR‐PRP) may be effective treatments for chronic tendinosis, but no studies have assessed the effectiveness of PNT alone versus PNT with intratendinous LR‐PRP for multiple tendon types in a single study.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of PNT versus PNT + LR‐PRP to treat chronic tendinosis.Study DesignDouble‐blind, randomized, controlled comparative treatment study.SettingPrimary academic institution.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 40 participants who had chronic tendinosis (rotator cuff, wrist extensor, wrist flexor, hip abductor, proximal hamstring, patellar, or Achilles) confirmed via ultrasound, failed conservative treatment, and did not have tendon tears, known coagulopathy, or systemic illnesses.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to PNT (n = 19) or PNT + LR‐PRP (n = 21). Participants and outcomes assessors were blinded to treatment assignments. PNT was performed with 20–30 passes of a 22‐gauge needle under ultrasound guidance, with 1% lidocaine given outside the tendon. LR‐PRP was processed from whole blood (30–60 mL) and injected into the affected tendon using the same PNT technique.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was current numerical rating scale pain at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes were average pain, function, general well‐being, and sleep quality at 6, 52, and 104 weeks.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between groups. Overall, there were no significant differences between groups over time for any of the outcomes (P > .05). Between‐group analyses showed significantly lower current and average pain after PNT compared to PNT + LR‐PRP at 6 weeks (estimated‐mean [SE]: 3.1[0.4] vs. 4.6[0.6], P = .04; 3.4[0.4] vs. 4.9[0.5], P = .03) only. Adverse event rates were low (PNT‐3.9%; PNT + LR‐PRP‐5.0%) and related primarily to postprocedural pain and inflammation.ConclusionsAlthough pain scores were lower after PNT compared to PNT + LR‐PRP at 6 weeks, there were no between‐group differences in outcomes at 52 or 104 weeks.
Quality Assessment of the CL‐20/HMX Cocrystal Utilising Digital Image Processing
Authors: Herrmannsdörfer Dirk , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reduction of liquid and gas inclusions in the crystals is an effective strategy for the production of reduced sensitivity high explosives. Assessment of the achieved crystal quality is paramount for the improvement of the crystallisation techniques. Here we present the quality evaluation of the CL‐20/HMX cocrystal obtained from semibatch reaction cocrystallisation (SBRC), batch reaction cocrystallization (BRC), and antisolvent crystallisation by comparison of the results of digital image processing of photomicrographs of crystals immersed in an optically equally dense liquid, 1H NMR, HPLC, GC, helium pycnometry, SEM, pXRD, and DSC. It was found that digital image processing is capable of differentiation between crystal qualities of batches that are indistinguishable by all the other listed methods. It presents itself as a very promising tool for crystal quality assessment and improvement. The analysis shows that SBRC can produce coarse crystals of the same quality on a pilot plant scale as antisolvent crystallisation on a laboratory scale.
Congenital bronchobiliary fistula: a case report and literature review
Authors: Thuong Vu Le , Minh Duc Nguyen , Tra My Thieu‐Thi , Tan Lien Bang Mai , Tuan Linh Le , Quynh Huong Tran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCongenital bronchobiliary fistula (CBBF) is a very rare malformation associated with clinical symptoms of dyspnoea, vomiting, cyanosis, persistent pneumonia, and poor response to antibiotics. Typical imaging techniques used to diagnose this malformation include bronchography, computed tomography (CT), cholangiography, hepatobiliary nuclear imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We diagnosed a case of CBBF that was initially diagnosed as non‐resolving pneumonia. CT and fistulography were used to obtain the correct diagnosis. The fistula was confirmed by fistulography under the guidance of bronchoscopy. Surgical excision of the fistulous tract was performed, with complete recovery. The aim of this report was to emphasize the epidemiology and clinical features of CBBF patients.
Novel nanomaterial–organism hybrids with biomedical potential
Authors: Li Benke , Cui Yihao , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Ruikang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInstinctive hierarchically biomineralized structures of various organisms, such as eggs, algae, and magnetotactic bacteria, afford extra protection and distinct performance, which endow fragile organisms with a tenacious ability to adapt and survive. However, spontaneous formation of hybrid materials is difficult for most organisms in nature. Rapid development of chemistry and materials science successfully obtained the combinations of organisms with nanomaterials by biomimetic mineralization thus demonstrating the reproduction of the structures and functions and generation of novel functions that organisms do not possess. The rational design of biomaterial–organism hybridization can control biological recognition, interactions, and metabolism of the organisms. Thus, nanomaterial–organism hybrids represent a next generation of organism engineering with great potential biomedical applications. This review summarizes recent advances in material‐directed organism engineering and is mainly focused on biomimetic mineralization technologies and their outstanding biomedical applications. Three representative types of biomimetic mineralization are systematically introduced, including external mineralization, internal mineralization, and genetic engineering mineralization. The methods involving hybridization of nanomaterials and organisms based on biomimetic mineralization strategies are described. These strategies resulted in applications of various nanomaterial–organism hybrids with multiplex functions in cell engineering, cancer treatment, and vaccine improvement. Unlike classical biological approaches, this material‐based bioregulation is universal, effective, and inexpensive. In particular, instead of traditional medical solutions, the integration of nanomaterials and organisms may exploit novel strategies to solve current biomedical problems.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Strong Convergence of the Vorticity for the 2D Euler Equations in the Inviscid Limit
Authors: Ciampa Gennaro , Crippa Gianluca , Spirito Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we prove the uniform-in-time $$L^p$$

L
p

convergence in the inviscid limit of a family $$\omega ^\nu $$

ω
ν

of solutions of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations towards a renormalized/Lagrangian solution $$\omega $$
ω
of the Euler equations. We also prove that, in the class of solutions with bounded vorticity, it is possible to obtain a rate for the convergence of $$\omega ^{\nu }$$

ω
ν

to $$\omega $$
ω
in $$L^p$$

L
p

. Finally, we show that solutions of the Euler equations with $$L^p$$

L
p

vorticity, obtained in the vanishing viscosity limit, conserve the kinetic energy. The proofs are given by using both a (stochastic) Lagrangian approach and an Eulerian approach.
Effect of aspect ratio and inlet manifold shape on the laminar-to-turbulent transition of gas flow in rectangular microchannels
Authors: Rehman Danish , Barattini Davide , Hong Chungpyo , Morini Gian Luca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A combined experimental and numerical study on the laminar-to-turbulent transition in microchannels using gas flow is presented. The effects of two geometric parameters, namely aspect ratio (height to width) of microchannels and inlet manifold shape, are considered on the value assumed by the critical Reynolds number linked to the laminar-to-turbulent transition. To study the effect of aspect ratio, seven rectangular microchannels having an aspect ratio between 0.25 and 1.04 are micro-milled in PMMA plastic with a constant length of 100 mm. Four rectangular microchannels with different inlet shapes, namely sudden contraction, rounded entrance, V shape and bellmouth, are fabricated to analyze the effects of inlet shape. Pressure loss analyses are then performed for all 11 microchannels by evaluating both average and semi-local friction factors. The Reynolds number in correspondence of which the transition takes place is determined by observing the trend of the friction factor. In parallel, numerical simulations using an intermittency-based transitional turbulence model are also performed and results are compared with the experiments. Experimental and numerical results have demonstrated that both of the investigated geometrical characteristics (aspect ratio and inlet manifold shape) play an important role on the range of the Reynolds number between the onset of transition and the onset of fully turbulent regime for gas microflows. Experimental critical Reynolds numbers show a good agreement with the predictions of the conventional theory and are in the range of 1863–3470 for all the tested microchannels. The role of gas compressibility on the laminar-to-turbulent transition is also discussed.

Graphic abstract
Non-Stokesian flow through ordered thin porous media imaged by tomographic-PIV
Authors: Forslund Tobias O. M. , Larsson I. A. Sofia , Lycksam Henrik , Hellström J. Gunnar I. , Lundström T. Staffan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 3D flow-fields in a staggered and cubic arrangement of mono-radii cylinders are investigated using tomographic-PIV. The cylinder Reynolds-number is in the range of $$\approx 10$$

≈
10

to $$\approx 800$$

≈
800

giving an almost complete overview of the transition region. Two pore-scale effects are discovered. The first, visible in the cubic packing, is a spatially alternating lateral velocity field, which has a significant impact on the pressure drop and transversal dispersion. The second effect, present in the staggered array, is an example of a disturbance propagation effect that takes place in the laminar steady region; this manifests as a peculiar and complex flow-pattern. In accordance with other studies, it is shown that Darcy’s law can, from an engineering point of view be valid far beyond the limit for Stokesian flow.

Graphic abstract