bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual and reproductive health information and referrals for resettled refugee women: A survey of resettlement agencies in the United States
Authors: Katcher Tonya , Thimmesch Rebecca , Spitz Alison , Kulkarni Leena , Panth Neelima , Weiner Arlen , Woodford Martin Michelle 
Published: May 2021

Background
Refugee resettlement offices are the first point of contact for newly arrived refugees and play a significant role in helping refugees acclimate and settle into life in the United States. Available literature suggests that refugee women are vulnerable to poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes, including sexually transmitted infections and HIV infections as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes, but little is known about the role that refugee resettlement offices play in supporting refugee women’s SRH. This study examines the capacity and interest of resettlement offices in providing SRH information and referrals to newly arrived refugees.

Methods and findings
The research team conducted an online survey of staff members at refugee resettlement offices throughout the US in 2018 to determine (1) available SRH resources and workshops; (2) referrals to and assistance with making appointments for SRH and primary care appointments; (3) barriers to addressing SRH needs of clients; and (4) interest in building the capacity of office staff to address SRH issues. The survey was created for this study and had not been previously used or validated. Survey data underwent descriptive analysis. A total of 236 resettlement offices were contacted, with responses from 100 offices, for a total response rate of 42%. Fifteen percent (N = 15) of refugee resettlement agencies (RRAs) who responded to the survey provide materials about SRH to clients, and 49% (N = 49) incorporate sexual health into the classes they provide to newly arrived refugee clients. Moreover, 12% (N = 12) of responding RRAs screen clients for pregnancy intention, and 20% (N = 20) directly refer to contraceptive care and services. This study is limited by the response rate of the survey; no conclusions can be drawn about those offices that did not respond. In addition, the survey instrument was not validated against any other sources of information about the practices of refugee resettlement offices.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed that many resettlement offices do not routinely provide information or referrals for SRH needs. Responding offices cite lack of time and competing priorities as major barriers to providing SRH education and referrals to clients.
Implementation outcomes of HIV self-testing in low- and middle- income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Rivera Adovich S. , Hernandez Ralph , Mag-usara Regiel , Sy Karen Nicole , Ulitin Allan R. , O’Dwyer Linda C. , McHugh Megan C. , Jordan Neil , Hirschhorn Lisa R. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
HIV self-testing (HIV-ST) is an effective means of improving HIV testing rates. Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are taking steps to include HIV-ST into their national HIV/AIDS programs but very few reviews have focused on implementation in LMIC. We performed a scoping review to describe and synthesize existing literature on implementation outcomes of HIV-ST in LMIC.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, and Scopus, supplemented by searches in HIVST.org and other grey literature databases (done 23 September 2020) and included articles if they reported at least one of the following eight implementation outcomes: acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, cost, penetration, or sustainability. Both quantitative and qualitative results were extracted and synthesized in a narrative manner.

Results and discussion
Most (75%) of the 206 included articles focused on implementation in Africa. HIV-ST was found to be acceptable and appropriate, perceived to be convenient and better at maintaining confidentiality than standard testing. The lack of counselling and linkage to care, however, was concerning to stakeholders. Peer and online distribution were found to be effective in improving adoption. The high occurrence of user errors was a common feasibility issue reported by studies, although, diagnostic accuracy remained high. HIV-ST was associated with higher program costs but can still be cost-effective if kit prices remain low and HIV detection improves. Implementation fidelity was not always reported and there were very few studies on, penetration, and sustainability.

Conclusions
Evidence supports the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of HIV-ST in the LMIC context. Costs and user error rates are threats to successful implementation. Future research should address equity through measuring penetration and potential barriers to sustainability including distribution, cost, scale-up, and safety.
Analysis of factors influencing casual sexual behavior among male college students in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Yang Zhongrong , Chen Weiyong , Jin Meihua , Chen Wanjun , Chen Lin , Zhou Xin 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the situations and factors influencing casual sexual behavior among male college students, in order to provide scientific evidences and measures of the prevention and control for HIV/AIDS.

Method
Using the stratified cluster sampling method, male college students who self-reported sexual behavior were selected as survey subjects in 13 colleges and universities in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province from October to November 2018. We used a custom online questionnaire to collect information on the demographic characteristics, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and HIV interventions of the respondents. The χ2 test was performed on the composition ratios between different groups. With the occurrence of casual sexual behavior as the dependent variable, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing casual male sexual behavior.

Results
A total of 2734 male college students were surveyed, aged 20.20±1.41 years, of which 595 had casual sex, accounting for 21.7%. The rate of HIV prevention awareness among the participants was 85.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that receiving a self-assessment of HIV risk conducted by the school (Ajusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14–1.84), knowing that HIV self-test kits were available at school (Ajusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.56–2.62), accepting one-night stands (Ajusted OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.18–3.66), accepting commercial sex (Ajusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.53–2.48), being a man who has sex with men (Ajusted OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.37–2.39), being a senior (Ajusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.71), having knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment (Ajusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51–0.86), and knowing that the CDC provides HIV testing services (Ajusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.41–0.77) were factors influencing male college students’ casual sexual behavior.

Conclusion
Male college students who have causal sexual behaviors have a high degree of openness in sexual attitudes, insufficient knowledge of AIDS prevention, and knowledge of HIV testing-related information but low testing rates. For male college students’ HIV prevention education intervention, it is necessary to emphasize the establishment of correct sexual attitudes and concepts and promote safe sexual behaviors to prevent the spread of HIV.
Incidence, individual, and macro level risk factors of severe binocular visual impairment and blindness in persons aged 50 and older
Authors: Kreft Daniel , Doblhammer Gabriele , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Frech Stefanie 
Published: May 2021

Objective
This study aims to estimate the incidence of severe binocular vision impairment and blindness (SVI/B) and to identify eye diseases and regional risk factors of persons with SVI/B at ages 50 years and older.

Methods
We designed an observational cohort study based on longitudinal, multifactorial, and administrative information of a random sample of 250,000 persons at ages 50+. All individuals were included in the process-produced health claims register of the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse in 2004, and were followed until 2015. We analyzed ten selected eye diseases and regional characteristics as risk factors for SVI/B using Cox models, adjusting for demographic characteristics and multi-morbidity.

Results
The age-standardized incidence was 79 new diagnoses of SVI/B per 100,000 person-years (95%-CI: 76-82); 77 for males (72-82) and 81 for females (77-85). By adjusting for multiple factors, the model revealed and confirmed that individuals who were very old (Hazard ratio90+: 6.67; 3.59-12.71), male (1.18; 1.01-1.38), had multi-morbidities (three+ diseases: 3.36; 2.51-4.49), or had diabetes (1.26; 1.07-1.49) had an increased risk of SVI/B. Compared to persons without the particular eye disease (all p<0.001), persons diagnosed with secondary glaucoma had a multiple-adjusted 4.66 times (3.17-6.85) higher risk, those with retinal vascular occlusion had a 4.51 times (3.27-6.23) higher risk, and those with angle-closure glaucoma had a 4.22 times (2.60-6.85) higher risk. Population density was not a risk factor, while persons living in wealthier regions had 0.75 times (p=0.003) to 0.70 times (p<0.001) the risk of SVI/B than persons in the least wealthy regions of Germany.

Conclusion
The study revealed and confirmed some profound risk factors of SVI/B at both the individual and the macro level. The sizes of the effects of the characteristics of the living context were smaller than those of the individual characteristics, especially for some severe eye diseases. While urbanity and access to health services had no effect, regional economic wealth was a risk factor for SVI/B. Future health care measures and advice by physicians should take these dimensions of inequalities in SVI/B into account.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation
Authors: Qiao Lei , Wang Luo-Jia , Wang Yang , Chen Ying , Zhang Hai-Lan , Zhang Shu-Cheng 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Management of constipation is still challenging in childhood. The pharmacological effect of XiaojiDaozhi Decoction, a prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), has been well described for the treatment of food and Qi stagnation which account for childhood constipation. However, the efficacy and safety of XiaojiDaozhi Decoction in childhood constipation remains unclear.

METHODS:
A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XiaojiDaozhi Decoction in childhood constipation. Two hundred children were recruited and randomly allocated to the CHM or placebo group to receive their respective interventions. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks, with a 12-week follow-up. Main outcome measures were complete spontaneous bowel movements and satisfaction with bowel function. Safety and adverse effects were evaluated by blood laboratory measurements.

RESULTS:
At the end of follow-up, the response rates of CHM and placebo were 62% and 31%, respectively (χ2 = 19.315, P < 0.01). At the end of treatment, recurrence was found in 7 cases (10.14%) in CHM and 11 cases (26.19%) in placebo (χ2 = 4.947, P < 0.05). In the main outcome measures, 56 patients (56%) in the CHM group and 25 patients (25%) in the placebo group were satisfied with their bowel movements (χ2 = 19.940, P < 0.05). Increased complete spontaneous bowel movements ≥3 per week from baseline were found in 40 patients (40%) who received CHM and 19 patients (19%) who received placebo (χ2 = 10.602, P < 0.05). No serious adverse effects were found in any of the recruited cases.

DISCUSSION:
CHM XiaojiDaozhi Decoction is a safe and effective method for the treatment of childhood constipation.
Gentílicos e topónimos portugueses
Authors: Cardeira Esperança , Villalva Alina 
Published: May 2021

Gentílicos são adjetivos ou substantivos que referem uma relação com um topónimo nacional ou regional. Há várias formas de obter este tipo de palavras em português e não há regra claras que permitam tornar a escolha previsível. Na verdade, os gentílicos sofrem um efeito de tradição que pode torná-los muito diferentes dos topónimos a que se referem (por exemplo, a utilização de formas latinas ou latinizadas para um gentílico, mas não para o topónimo, resulta num par pouco transparente, como Castelo-Branco/albicastrense). Por outro lado, o português dispõe de um grande número de sufixos para a derivação deste tipo de palavras: Polónia-polaco; México-mexicano; França-francês; Espanha-espanhol. Esta multiplicidade de escolhas gera contrastes entre o português europeu e o português brasileiro: por exemplo, polaco e polonês ou canadiano e canadense. O estudo dos gentílicos não tem atraído a atenção dos linguistas portugueses. Existe um antigo vocabulário geográfico (BERGSTROM e REIS), publicado desde 1955, que enumera cerca de 200 gentílicos portugueses e define formas portuguesas para gentílicos estrangeiros (como Oxónia ou Ausburgo). Um vocabulário mais recente, o Dicionário de Gentílicos e Topónimos, levanta novamente a questão da normalização dos gentílicos e altera alguns deles. No entanto, nem todas as palavras listadas neste dicionário estão realmente presentes no uso contemporâneo do português. O presente trabalho consiste numa descrição e análise crítica deste léxico (por amostragem), procurando encontrar padrões dominantes e fatores de variação, nomeadamente históricos.
Identifying and Ranking new product development critical factors based on marketing strategy case study Esfahan Steel Co.
Authors: Dashtianeh Ehsan , Radfar Reza , Toloui Oshlohi Abbas 
Published: May 2021

Goal: Increasing orders and selling products are essential factors in designing all industries' strategy. To improving this factor, researchers have suggested many ways, such as new product development. By succeeding in designing and introducing a new product, each company would gain a better market share. One of the best examples of this d innovation competition in companies is in the IT market where all companies compete for innovation and product development. Globally most of the roles are in common; however, some change according to the market, social, and political environment. For a successful new product in any industry, the marketing team should know their goal society's market environment and prioritize and choose the best marketing strategy according to their data analysis.
Design / Methodology / Approach: In this paper, initially, critical factors in successful new product development (NPD) at Esfahan Steel Co. are identified using a systematic literature review. Later, by using the information provided from the HR and marketing department of the Esfahan Steed Co., the designed questionnaire is asked to be filled by expertise, suppliers and customers. The collected data is analyzed by Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and the main parameters affecting successful NPD is identified.
Results: In this study, fifteen factors are extracted from the literature and ranked by TOPSIS method. All of the fifteen factors are divided into five main categories: customer behavior, supplier, market, government strategy and social media. The results showed that the customer’s needs and government role is the most crucial factor in alloy market.
Limitations of the investigation: In this study, the international sanctions imposed by the UN and the USA was intrusive variables that affected the study results, because this variable affected the study data and responder answer.
Practical implications: Market strategy is one of the essential factors of success in all companies. This study showed that the marketing strategy of Esfahan Steel Co. could be improved.
Originality / Value: This study highlighted the differences in Iran's steel market from other markets which are presented in the literature.
Systematic literature review: opportunities and trends to the post-outbreak period of COVID-19
Authors: Tokarz Barbara , Kohlbeck Eloiza , Fagundes Alexandre Borges , Pereira Delcio , Beuren Fernanda Hänsch 
Published: May 2021

Goal: The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to identify opportunities to minimize Covid-19 impacts on businesses.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology used corresponds to a literature systematic review, covering bibliometric and content analysis. For this purpose, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was employed in the literature search. In total, 98 papers were selected to compose the bibliometric analysis, of which 14 are within the scope of the investigation (content analysis).
Results: Bibliometric results present a grouping of keywords, authors' co-citation network, geographic distribution of publications and main journals. In the content analysis, trends for post-pandemic economy are pointed out, unveiling guidelines and opportunities to ensure the resilience of business proposals.
Limitations of the investigation: The conclusions present limitations inherent to literature review papers, where filters are used to limit the search. In this work, the research was restricted to articles, published between 2015 and 2020 and written in English.
Practical implications: This article proposes perspectives to react in a resilient way in the post-Pandemic period of Covid-19, in order to guarantee the permanence and competitiveness of the companies in the market.
Originality / Value: Product-Service Systems and Circular Economy were found to be related to the trends and opportunities identified for the short-future economy.
Optical switches based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for performance characteristics enhancement by using various electrical pulse generators
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Shehata Eslam , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work has reported the optical switches based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for the performance of the characteristics enhancement by using various electrical pulse generators. Max. Q, bit error rate (BER) after light detector, max. signal power (MSP), min. noise power (MNNP), and total optical power after power combiner based SOAs with various pulse generators are simulated and clarified. Return to zero (RZ) pulse code has clarified max Q than other pulse generators. The max output signal power is improved with Gaussian pulse in compared to other pulse generators. Triangle/RZ pulse generators have presented better total optical power than other proposed generators.
An extremely high blood glucose level in a child with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Butorac Ahel Ivona , Severinski Srecko , Lah Tomulic Kristina , Milardovic Ana , Baraba Dekanic Kristina , Palcevski Dora 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is one of the most severe acute complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis and acidosis. What is new? Since HHS in the pediatric population is rare and potentially life-threatening, every reported case is very valuable for raising awareness among healthcare professionals.

Case presentation
A 7-year-old boy with previously diagnosed Joubert syndrome was admitted due to vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria started several days earlier. He was severely dehydrated, and the initial blood glucose level was 115 mmol/L. Based on clinical manifestations and laboratory results, he was diagnosed with T1DM and HHS. The treatment with intravenous fluid was started and insulin administration began later. He was discharged after 10 days without any complications related to HHS.

Conclusions
Since HHS has a high mortality rate, early recognition, and proper management are necessary for a better outcome.
On stochastic inverse problem of construction of stable program motion
Authors: Tleubergenov Marat I. , Vassilina Gulmira K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the inverse problems of dynamics in the presence of random perturbations is considered. This is the problem of the simultaneous construction of a set of first-order Ito stochastic differential equations with a given integral manifold, and a set of comparison functions. The given manifold is stable in probability with respect to these comparison functions.
Entire functions that share two pairs of small functions
Authors: Huang Xiaohuang , Deng Bingmao , Fang Mingliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the unicity of entire functions and their derivatives and obtain the following result: letffbe a non-constant entire function, leta1{a}_{1},a2{a}_{2},b1{b}_{1}, andb2{b}_{2}be four small functions offfsuch thata1≢b1{a}_{1}\not\equiv {b}_{1},a2≢b2{a}_{2}\not\equiv {b}_{2}, and none of them is identically equal to∞\infty. Ifffandf(k){f}^{\left(k)}share(a1,a2)\left({a}_{1},{a}_{2})CM and share(b1,b2)\left({b}_{1},{b}_{2})IM, then(a2−b2)f−(a1−b1)f(k)≡a2b1−a1b2\left({a}_{2}-{b}_{2})f-\left({a}_{1}-{b}_{1}){f}^{\left(k)}\equiv {a}_{2}{b}_{1}-{a}_{1}{b}_{2}. This extends the result due to Li and Yang [Value sharing of an entire function and its derivatives, J. Math. Soc. Japan.51(1999), no. 7, 781–799].
Crystal structure of 3-(2-chloro-benzyl)-7-[4-(2-chloro-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5,6,8-trifluoro-3H-quinazolin-4-one, C
26
H
21
Cl
2
F
3
N
4
O
Authors: Fang Shu-Fen , Peng Wen-Wen , Xiong Yuan-Zhen , Nie Xu-Liang , Huang Jian-Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C26H21Cl2F3N4O, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 21.218(6) Å, b = 5.9599(16) Å, c = 9.439(3) Å, β = 99.295(3)°, V = 1177.9(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0471, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1282, T = 296(2) K.
Politeness as normative, evaluative and discriminatory: the case of verbal hygiene discourses on correct honorifics use in South Korea
Authors: Brown Lucien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper uses the concept of “verbal hygiene” (Cameron, Deborah. 1995. Verbal hygiene. Abingdon, UK: Routledge) to analyze metadiscourses in South Korea regarding a recent innovation in the use of subject honorific markers in the service industry. This innovation, commonly referred to as samwul contay ‘inanimate object respect’ involves using honorifics when the grammatical subject of the sentence is an inanimate object, typically the products or services being offered to the customer. Critical discourse analysis was conducted of materials produced by language authorities and mainstream media, as well as layperson-produced blogs and reader comments. The analysis shows that the materials mobilized discourses of ungrammaticality and immorality to delegitimize samwul contay, and stigmatize the sales personnel who used it. By applying the concept of “verbal hygiene” to politeness-related metadiscourses, the current paper advances the perspective that politeness is occasioned through the recursive evaluation of linguistic behavior. Rather than being idiosyncratic, these evaluations appeal to established language norms and moral orders. The way that verbal hygiene discourses promote the language usage of the powerful while stigmatizing the powerless demonstrates that politeness relies inherently on socio-historically imbedded discriminatory practices of placing value on the language usage of certain groups, while delegitimizing that of others.