bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiography on admission is associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Oktaviono Yudi Her , Dharmadjati Budi Baktijasa , Lefi Achmad , Al‐Farabi Makhyan Jibril , Gandi Parama , Marsudi Bagas Adhimurda , Azmi Yusuf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely accessible diagnostic tool that can easily be obtained on admission and can reduce excessive contact with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to evaluate the latest evidence on the association of ECG on admission and the poor outcomes in COVID‐19.MethodsA literature search was conducted on online databases for observational studies evaluating ECG parameters and composite poor outcomes comprising ICU admission, severe illness, and mortality in COVID‐19 patients.ResultsA total of 2,539 patients from seven studies were included in this analysis. Pooled analysis showed that a longer corrected QT (QTc) interval and more frequent prolonged QTc interval were associated with composite poor outcome ([WMD 6.04 [2.62‐9.45], P = .001; I2:0%] and [RR 1.89 [1.52‐2.36], P < .001; I2:17%], respectively). Patients with poor outcome had a longer QRS duration and a faster heart rate compared with patients with good outcome ([WMD 2.03 [0.20‐3.87], P = .030; I2:46.1%] and [WMD 5.96 [0.96‐10.95], P = .019; I2:55.9%], respectively). The incidence of left bundle branch block (LBBB), premature atrial contraction (PAC), and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) were higher in patients with poor outcome ([RR 2.55 [1.19‐5.47], P = .016; I2:65.9%]; [RR 1.94 [1.32‐2.86], P = .001; I2:62.8%]; and [RR 1.84 [1.075‐3.17], P = .026; I2:70.6%], respectively). T‐wave inversion and ST‐depression were more frequent in patients with poor outcome ([RR 1.68 [1.31‐2.15], P < .001; I2:14.3%] and [RR 1.61 [1.31‐2.00], P < .001; I2:49.5%], respectively).ConclusionMost ECG abnormalities on admission are significantly associated with an increased composite poor outcome in patients with COVID‐19.
Hydrogels Based on Oxidized Cellulose Sulfates and Carboxymethyl Chitosan: Studies on Intrinsic Gel Properties, Stability, and Biocompatibility
Authors: Willems Christian , Trutschel Marie‐Luise , Mazaikina Vera , Strätz Juliane , Mäder Karsten , Fischer Steffen , Groth Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCellulose and chitosan are excellent components for the fabrication of bioactive scaffolds, as they are biocompatible and abundantly available. Their derivatives Ocarboxymethyl chitosan (CMChi) and oxidized cellulose sulfate (oxCS) can form in situ gelling, bioactive hydrogels, due to the formation of imine bonds for crosslinking. Here the influence of the degrees of sulfation (DS), oxidation (DO), and the molecular weight of oxCS on intrinsic and rheological properties of such hydrogels and their ability to support the survival and growth of human‐adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSC) is investigated. It is found that the pH of the hydrogels is generally slightly acidic, while their network density and E‐modulus are found to be dependent on the DS and DO, which makes the properties of hydrogels tunable. Extensive studies show that hydrogels can be stable for up to 14 days and that their stability is largely dependent on the DO, molecular weight, and the components mixing ratio. Cytotoxicity studies of the hydrogel with hADSCs show biocompatible gels in dependence on the molecular weight and degree of oxidation with viable cells up to 14 days. These findings can help to develop specifically tailored hydrogels for tissue engineering applications to replace different types of connective tissue.
Inversion formula and range conditions for a linear system related with the multi‐interval finite Hilbert transform in L2
Authors: Katsevich Alexander , Bertola Marco , Tovbis Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven n disjoint intervals on together with n functions , , and an matrix , the problem is to find an L2 solution , , to the linear system , where , is a matrix of finite Hilbert transforms with defined on , and is a matrix of the corresponding characteristic functions on . Since we can interpret , as a generalized multi‐interval finite Hilbert transform, we call the formula for the solution as “the inversion formula” and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution as the “range conditions”. In this paper we derive the explicit inversion formula and the range conditions in two specific cases: a) the matrix Θ is symmetric and positive definite, and; b) all the entries of Θ are equal to one. We also prove the uniqueness of solution, that is, that our transform is injective. In the case a), that is, when the matrix Θ is positive definite, the inversion formula is given in terms of the solution of the associated matrix Riemann–Hilbert Problem. In the case b) we reduce the multi interval problem to a problem on n copies of and then express our answers in terms of the Fourier transform. We also discuss other cases of the matrix Θ.
HILUCSI: Simple, robust, and fast multilevel ILU for large‐scale saddle‐point problems from PDEs
Authors: Chen Qiao , Ghai Aditi , Jiao Xiangmin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIncomplete factorization is a widely used preconditioning technique for Krylov subspace methods for solving large‐scale sparse linear systems. Its multilevel variants, such as ILUPACK, are more robust for many symmetric or unsymmetric linear systems than the traditional, single‐level incomplete LU (or ILU) techniques. However, the previous multilevel ILU techniques still lacked robustness and efficiency for some large‐scale saddle‐point problems, which often arise from systems of PDEs. We introduce HILUCSI, or Hierarchical Incomplete LU‐Crout with Scalability‐oriented and Inverse‐based dropping. As a multilevel preconditioner, HILUCSI statically and dynamically permutes individual rows and columns to the next level for deferred factorization. Unlike ILUPACK, HILUCSI applies symmetric preprocessing techniques at the top levels but always uses unsymmetric preprocessing and unsymmetric factorization at the coarser levels. The deferring combined with mixed preprocessing enabled a unified treatment for nearly or partially symmetric systems and simplified the implementation by avoiding mixed and pivots for symmetric indefinite systems. We show that this combination improves robustness for indefinite systems without compromising efficiency. Furthermore, to enable superior efficiency for large‐scale systems with millions or more unknowns, HILUCSI introduces a scalability‐oriented dropping in conjunction with a variant of inverse‐based dropping. We demonstrate the effectiveness of HILUCSI for dozens of benchmark problems, including those from the mixed formulation of the Poisson equation, Stokes equations, and Navier–Stokes equations. We also compare its performance with ILUPACK and the supernodal ILUTP in SuperLU.
Electronic Benefit Transfer and Food Expenditure Cycles
Authors: Kuhn Michael A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research shows that the way transfer income is disbursed can affect what households purchase with that income. In this paper, I provide evidence that disbursement technique can affect the timing of purchases as well. I examine the U.S. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which switched on a state‐by‐state basis from cash‐similar food coupons to Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT)—a secure debit card—from 1993 to 2004. I find that EBT mitigated boom and bust cycles in food spending associated with SNAP disbursement. This effect is entirely driven by households with children (about two thirds of the SNAP population), who experienced more severe cycles prior to EBT. The effect operates only through the intensive margin—the amount spent on food during a shopping trip—and not at all on the extensive margin—the likelihood of going food shopping.
Race as a factor in donor selection and survival of children with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant in Florida
Authors: Horn Biljana , Lamba Nikhil , Chellapandian Deepak , Sunkersett Gauri , Silva Jorge Galvez , Ziga Edward , Alperstein Warren , Joyce Michael , Castillo Paul , Fort John , Zhao Jing , Oshrine Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have explored posthematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) outcomes by race in adults; however, pediatric data addressing this topic are scarce.ProcedureThis retrospective registry study included 238 White (W) and 57 Black (B) children with hematologic malignancies (HM) receiving first allogeneic HCT between 2010 and 2019 at one of the five Florida pediatric HCT centers.ResultsWe found no differences between W and B children in transplant characteristics, other than donor type. There was a significant difference in use of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐mismatched donors (HLA‐MMD) (53% W, 71% B, p = .01). When comparing HLA‐MMD use to fully HLA‐matched donors, B had relative risk (RR) of 1.47 (95% CI 0.7–3) of receiving a mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD), RR of 2.34 (95% CI 1.2–4.4) of receiving a mismatched related donor (MMRD), and RR of 1.9 (95% CI 0.99–3.6) of receiving a mismatched cord blood donor (MMCBD) HCT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of aGVHD (48% W, 35% B), p = .1, or cGVHD (19% W, 28% B, p = .1), or primary cause of death. Overall 24‐month survival was 61% (95% CI 55%–68%) for W, and 60% (95% CI 48–75) for B children, log‐rank p = .7. While HLA matching improved survival in W children, the number of B children receiving HLA‐matched HCT was too small to identify the impact of HLA matching on survival.ConclusionsIn this contemporary cohort of children with HM, we found that B children were more likely to receive HLA‐MMD transplants, but this did not adversely affect survival or GVHD rates.
Topological aspects of cavity‐induced degeneracies in polyatomic molecules
Authors: Badankó Péter , Umarov Otabek , Fábri Csaba , Halász Gábor J. , Vibók Ágnes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConical intersections are degeneracies between multidimensional potential energy surfaces of molecular systems. It is well known that, besides these phenomena significantly modify the spectroscopic and dynamical properties of molecules, their presence in a molecular system has noticeable topological implications, as well. Such a consequence is the appearance of the topological or geometric phase. Conical intersections not only occur in nature but they can also be created by light. This can either be classical laser light or quantum light in an optical cavity. As a showcase example, by placing the formaldehyde (H2CO) molecule into a cavity, the topological properties (e.g., geometric or Berry phase) of the emerging light‐induced conical intersection have been investigated for different cavity parameters and geometrical arrangements.
Tracking the Relations Between Children’s Reading and Emotional Health Across Time: Evidence From Four Large Longitudinal Studies
Authors: McArthur Genevieve , Badcock Nicholas , Castles Anne , Robidoux Serje 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThere is good evidence for an association between poor reading and anxiety, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are currently unknown. In this study, we used structural equation modeling of four large longitudinal databases from the United Kingdom (n = 7,870), the United States (ns = 8,001 and 7,160), and Australia (n = 768) to explore relations between reading and emotional health across childhood. We found that emotional health at age 5 was not related to reading at age 7 but that reading at 7 was related to emotional health at age 9 or 11. We also found that reading, behavior, and attention may be related across development. These findings suggest a working hypothesis that poor reading may have an influence on emotional health rather than vice versa.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐N‐(EWG‐methyl)‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium Salts as Precursors of Ylides Entering the [1,2] Stevens Rearrangement
Authors: Jończyk Andrzej , Maurin Jan K. , Moreń Monika , Kowalkowska Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractN‐(EWG‐CH2)‐N‐methyl‐2‐phenylpyrrolidinium (EWG ‐ electron‐withdrawing group) salts were obtained in two different ways. N‐(EWG‐CH2)‐2‐phenylpyrrolidines were quaternized with iodomethane, dimethylsulfate or methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate forming pyrrolidinium iodides, methylsulfates and triflates. The counterion exchange in the methylsulfates was carried out yielding respective tetrafluoroborates. The second method was based on the quaternization of N‐methyl‐2‐phenylpyrrolidine with methyl α‐halogenoacetate or phenacyl bromide. All listed salts were oily and formed in high yields as mixtures of diastereoisomers, with cis or trans isomer predominating, depending on the method applied. The effect of the counterion present in the obtained salts was analyzed. Ylides generated from these salts in different base/solvent systems afforded products of the [1,2] Stevens rearrangement, 2‐EWG‐1‐methyl‐3‐phenylpiperidines, with the trans isomers predominating, in moderate to good yields. In case of the [1,2] shift, the yields of respective products depended on EWG present in the substrate (methoxycarbonyl, acetyl, dimethylcarbamoyl and benzoyl).
A Solvent‐Free Strategy to Synthesize MoS2/Mo2C‐Embedded, N, S Co‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Miao Sijia , Xu Jing , Zhang Wenting , Tang Duihai , Huang Yuan , Wang Jianjun , Zhao Zhen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA solvent‐free strategy was developed to synthesize MoS2/Mo2C embedded, N, S co‐doped carbon via a green and environmentally friendly process. The precursors were blended and carbonized under the inert atmosphere. Water and other solvents were not involved in the whole synthesis process. According to the characterization results, the as‐received samples consisted of Mo2C, MoS2, and carbon with mesoporous structures. Moreover, the obtained sample possessed a high BET surface area (373.3 m2 g−1), as well as high electrochemical active surface area (145.4 mF cm−2). When utilized as the electrocatalyst towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the optimal sample of T2.0G4.0Mo1.0 revealed superior electrochemical activity in alkaline media, which could show a low overpotential and an excellent stability.
Advances of Nonlinear Photonics in Low‐Dimensional Halide Perovskites
Authors: Wang Gang , Mei Shiliang , Liao Jinfeng , Wang Wei , Tang Yuxin , Zhang Qing , Tang Zikang , Wu Bo , Xing Guichuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHybrid halide perovskites emerging as a highly promising class of functional materials for semiconductor optoelectronic applications have drawn great attention from worldwide researchers. In the past few years, prominent nonlinear optical properties have been demonstrated in perovskite bulk structures indicating their bright prospect in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO). Following the surge of 3D perovskites, more recently, the low‐dimensional perovskites (LDPs) materials ranging from two‐, one‐, to zero‐dimension such as quantum‐wells or colloidal nanostructures have displayed unexpectedly attractive NLO response due to the strong quantum confinement, remarkable exciton effect, and structural diversity. In this perspective, the current state of the art is reviewed in the field of NLO for LDP materials. The relationship between confinement effect and NLO is analyzed systematically to give a comprehensive understanding of the function of dimension reduction. Furthermore, future directions and challenges toward the improvement of the NLO in LDP materials are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field.
Using artificial neural network and non‐destructive test for crack detection in concrete surrounding the embedded steel reinforcement
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Gutierrez Hector 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBond between steel and concrete is one of the key aspects of structural design and its performance evaluation. In the past much research work has been focused on understanding bond deterioration owing to corrosion of reinforcement, however, there exists no nondestructive method to access the bond condition. In this regard, the presented experimental research work details the development of a nondestructive testing method to estimate the crack condition of concrete surrounding the steel reinforced by using ultrasonic pulse velocity test. In addition, a multilayer feedforward back propagation perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) is developed in order to avoid simplification assumptions for developing models to predict the cracking, owing to the nonlinear complex stress distribution at the steel‐concrete interface. The ANN is used to predict the crack width and to conduct sensitivity analysis of the various factors influencing the bond deterioration. A high accuracy level is achieved between the predicted and the experimental values with R2 of 0.97 and the most influential parameter is highlighted.
Identification of blossom-end rot loci using joint QTL-seq and linkage-based QTL mapping in tomato
Authors: Topcu Yasin , Sapkota Manoj , Illa-Berenguer Eudald , Nambeesan Savithri U. , van der Knaap Esther 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKey messageBlossom-End Rot is Quantitatively Inherited and Maps to Four Loci in Tomato.AbstractBlossom-end rot (BER) is a devastating physiological disorder that affects tomato and other vegetables, resulting in significant crop losses. To date, most studies on BER have focused on the environmental factors that affect calcium translocation to the fruit; however, the genetic basis of this disorder remains unknown. To investigate the genetic basis of BER, two F2and F3:4populations along with a BC1population that segregated for BER occurrence were evaluated in the greenhouse. Using the QTL-seq approach, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with BER Incidence were identified at the bottom of chromosome (ch) 3 and ch11. Additionally, linkage-based QTL mapping detected another QTL,BER3.1,on ch3 andBER4.1on ch4. To fine map the QTLs identified by QTL-seq, recombinant screening was performed.BER3.2,the major BER QTL on ch3, was narrowed down from 5.68 to 1.58 Mbp with a 1.5-LOD support interval (SI) corresponding to 209 candidate genes.BER3.2colocalizes with the fruit weight geneFW3.2/SlKLUH,an ortholog of cytochrome P450KLUHin Arabidopsis. Further,BER11.1,the major BER QTL on ch11, was narrowed down from 3.99 to 1.13 Mbp with a 1.5-LOD SI interval comprising of 141 candidate genes. Taken together, our results identified and fine mapped the first loci for BER resistance in tomato that will facilitate marker-assistant breeding not only in tomato but also in many other vegetables suffering for BER.
Genomic signatures of selection for resistance to stripe rust in Austrian winter wheat
Authors: Morales Laura , Michel Sebastian , Ametz Christian , Dallinger Hermann Gregor , Löschenberger Franziska , Neumayer Anton , Zimmerl Simone , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key message
We combined quantitative and population genetic methods to identify loci under selection for adult plant resistance to stripe rust in an Austrian winter wheat breeding population from 2008 to 2018.

Abstract
Resistance to stripe rust, a foliar disease caused by the fungus P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is both qualitatively and quantitatively controlled. Resistance genes confer complete, race-specific resistance but are easily overcome by evolving pathogen populations, while quantitative resistance is controlled by many small- to medium-effect loci that provide incomplete yet more durable protection. Data on resistance loci can be applied in marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction frameworks. We employed genome-wide association to detect loci associated with stripe rust and selection testing to identify regions of the genome that underwent selection for stripe rust resistance in an Austrian winter wheat breeding program from 2008 to 2018. Genome-wide association mapping identified 150 resistance loci, 62 of which showed significant evidence of selection over time. The breeding population also demonstrated selection for resistance at the genome-wide level.
Grinding efficiency and profile accuracy of diamond grinding wheels dressed with wire electrical discharge conditioning (WEDC)
Authors: Zahedi Ali , Khosravi Jahangir , Azarhoushang Bahman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuper abrasive diamond grinding wheels are the most promising tools for the precision machining of advanced ceramics and carbide materials. However, the efficiency of conventional conditioning of these tools is limited owing to high dressing tool wear, long process time, low form flexibility, and induced damage to the abrasive grains. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is an alternative method for conditioning of superabrasive grinding wheels with electrically conductive bonding materials. In this study, cylindrical plunge grinding of an alumina ceramic with a resin-bonded diamond grinding wheel is investigated. The assigned type of resin bond contains copper particles and is accordingly electrically conductive for wire electrical discharge conditioning (WEDC). Conventional (mechanical) and WEDC methods are used for generating the same profile on two similar diamond grinding wheels. As a result, the specific grinding energy was reduced up to 26% and 29% during rough and finish plunge grinding, respectively. Reduced specific grinding energy and forces, along with more effective grain protrusion and sharpness by using WEDC for profiling of grinding wheels, have contributed positively to the ground surface conditions despite the relatively rougher wheel surface topography in comparison to the conventional profiling. The more considerable reduction in the mean roughness depth (Rz) than in the arithmetical mean roughness value (Ra) (11% smaller Rz values in WEDC versus mechanical conditioning) verifies that the workpiece surface underwent less surface degradation in case of WEDC because of smaller grinding forces. Furthermore, the profile wear behavior of the workpiece ground with the WED conditioned grinding wheel was superior to the conventionally conditioned one.