bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats
Authors: He Haitao , Chen Xi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In our study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of luteolin in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in rat models induced by cerebral hypoperfusion by two-vessel occlusion (2-VO).

Material and Methods
Seventy-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 2-VO surgery, in all but 15 (the sham group, group I) the ligation being permanent to impair cognitive abilities. The sham group rats received saline instead of a drug; 15 2-VO rats were not injected at all (the model group, group II); 15 2-VO rats were administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 50 group, group III); to a further 15 luteolin was given at 100 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 100 group, group IV); and the final 15 received nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w. as positive controls (the nimodipine group, group V). Object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to investigate memory ability. A Western blot test was also conducted to assess expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its downstream target protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylated form (P-Akt) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue samples.

Results
Significant variations in the discrimination index in the object recognition test, the escape latencies in the Morris water maze test, and expression levels of PI3K-p110α and PI3K-p85 were observed three months after 2-VO surgery in both lut groups, with a significant change in the nimodipine group compared to the model group. P-Akt and Akt were expressed significantly higher in both lut groups and the nimodipine group than in the model group.

Conclusion
Luteolin treatment of rats cognitively dysfunctional after experimental cerebral hypo perfusion was neuroprotective by activating the PI3K/Akt signals which inhibit neuronal death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Urban Area (Case Study in Surakarta District, Indonesia)
Authors: Danardono  , Sunariya M. Iqbal Taufiqurrahman , Fikriyah Vidya Nahdiyatul , Cholil Munawar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The value of terrestrial carbon sequestration in urban areas, due to lack of vegetation as a carbon sink, is rarely studied. In fact, urban areas have high carbon emission values, which must be minimised. On the other hand, the value of carbon sequestration in urban areas is very dynamic due to natural factors from the environment and non-natural factors from anthropogenic activities. The main objectives of this study are to identify the carbon dioxide sequestration in urban areas, especially in tropical climates, and to determine the dynamics of carbon sequestration in urban areas for a year. The results show that carbon sequestration in tropical urban areas has a significant value compared with urban areas in temperate climates. This condition happens because there are still green open spaces in gardens and agricultural lands. The value of carbon sequestration in this tropical urban area experiences monthly dynamics caused by rainfall variation and anthropogenic activities, such as land conversion and plant type conversion in agricultural lands.
Design, Development and Characterization of Curcumin loaded Albumin Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Choudhary Shailja , Jain Mayuri , Islam Mojahidul 
Published: July 2021

Curcumin being component of Curcuma longa is a natural polyphenol. Observing on a chemical level, curcumin is a natural polyphenol which is denominated (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene3,5-dione) which is usually extracted through the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Structurally, it is composed of a trio of chemical identities on a molecular level: dual aromatic ring system. The objective of the research was to design, development and characterization of herbal drug loaded albumin nanoparticles to cure parkinson’s disease for improving and increasing the therapeutic efficacy and also reducing the frequency of dose. The optimized formulations were obtained after applying the design of experiment which was Box Behnken method where three independent variables; polymer concentration, stirring time, crosslinker concentration were selected. Curcumin nanoparticles loaded with albumin were formulated by ph coacervation method in which ethanol was used as desolvating agent along with a cross linking agent (Glutaraldehyde) and albumin as the polymer. The particle size and polydispersity index of curcumin loaded albumin nanoparticles was measured via dynamic light scattering technique. Drug release research conducted using in vitro method over the duration of 24 hours. Ex vivo drug release study of the albumin nanoparticles was performed using nasal membrane of goat. It has been shown that in case of hydrophilic matrices, swelling of polymer occurs followed by release of drug by diffusion which was best explained by Korsmeyer- peppas equation, which indicates drug release through diffusion which occurs by swelling of polymer matrix and remained constant throughout the release of drug in body. By virtue of particle size, the designed nanoparticles effortlessly goes into the nasal mucosa.
Application of Central Composite Design for Citalopram Hydrogen bromide Mouth Dissolving Films
Authors: Rohini Reddy Shimmula , Ramesh Bomma 
Published: July 2021

Citalopram is an antidepressant used for treating major depressive disorder. In the current work Citalopram HBr is formulated as mouth dissolving film with enhanced drug dissolution. The Central Composite Design (CCD), employed to examine the effects of amount of HPMC E50 (A), amount of maltodextrin (B) and amount of glycerol (C) on response variables tensile strength, disintegration time and cumulative % drug release. 27 formulations prepared according to CCD and evaluated for physicochemical parameters and in vitro dissolution studies. Citalopram HBr mouth dissolving films formulated by employing solvent-casting method using HPMC E50, maltodextrin and glycerol, optimized for the effective dosage of superdisintegrants. The formulation CF21 with maximum tensile strength of 67.21±1.31 gm, least disintegration time of 9±1.60 sec and highest drug release of 98.41±1.81% is chosen optimal formulation with maximum content uniformity and folding endurance. It is evident from the above results that the developed formulation can be an innovative dosage form to improve the drug delivery, quick onset of action as well as improve patient compliance in the effective management of depression.
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits
Authors: Venkatesan Saratha , Somasundaram Ambiga , Rengaraj Sangavi 
Published: July 2021

In this research work to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits. The chemical fingerprinting was carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography. It was carried out by the CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V sample applicator, twin through plate development chamber, TLC scanner III and integration software WIN CATS-4.02. Physalis peruviana fruit extract was tested for phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant enzymes like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Physalis peruviana fruit extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various major phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins and anthraquinones. The HPTLC fingerprint qualitatively revealed predominant amount of quercetin. Physalis peruviana fruit extract will be subjected to further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for understanding their mechanism of action as antioxidants.
Docking against Lung cancer protein and Drug-likeliness of Bioactive Compounds from Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm.
Authors: Srinivasan Sujatha , Sivaraman Catharin S. , Issac Ramya R. , Mahalingam Gayathiri , Roke Gnana D. R. 
Published: July 2021

Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm. is a medicinally important fern which is used traditionally by various people all over the World. The aim of this research focuses on the docking against lung cancer protein (2ITO) with bioactive compounds of Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm. which is obtained by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy. The same compounds were analysed using Lipinski’s rule of five for its pharmacological prediction. The bioactive compounds were further referred for ADMET property to find its pharmacokinetic potency and prediction towards its potential as drug in future. Among the four compounds docked with the Lung cancer protein (2ITO) 4-Nitrophenyl laurate shows high docking score followed by Hexadecanoic acid, 4 Nitrophenyl ester and Myristic acid Vinyl ester. Out of four compounds studied three compounds satisfied the drug-likeliness based on Lipinski’s rule of five. The present work suggests the bioactive compounds of Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm. for further in vitro and in vivo studies for its anticancer benefits especially related to lung cancer.
FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION & CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPURITIES
Authors: Singamsetti JCMKNN Murty , Korupolu Raghu Babu , Gandham Himabindhu , Geereddi Mahesh Kumar Reddy , Kaliyaperumal Muralidharan , Rumalla Chidananda Swamy , Mutha Venkata Satya Rama Naga Anji Karun , Ivaturi Ramu 
Published: July 2021

Nilotinib hydrochloride is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia was subjected to forced degradation studies and the samples were analyzed by utilizing the LCMS compatible HPLC methods. Nilotinib Hydrochloride was subjected to thermal, hydrolytic, oxidative, acidic, basic and photolytic degradation conditions as per the regulatory guidelines. The drug was degraded in oxidative, basic and acidic environments and stable in photolytic and thermal conditions. The main degradation impurity components produced through the forced degradation study were isolated for the identification and quantification in presence of these impurities in the stability studies of drug substances as well as drug products. The identified degradation components were separated by mass assisted auto-purification technique and subjected for the characterization by NMR (13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, HMBC and HSQC), HRMS and FT-IR experimentations. Degradation products obtained from oxidative, basic and acidic environments were isolated and identified by the advanced techniques as acid degradation product (DP-1) with molecular mass of 306.11 g/mol, empirical formula C17H14N4O2 with name as 4-methyl-3- (4 -(pyridine -3-yl) pyrimidin -2 -ylamino) benzoic acid. Base degradation product (DP-2) has molecular weight of 241.08 g/mol, molecular formula C11H10F3N3 with name as 3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline.Oxidative degradation product (DP-3) has molecular weight of 545.18 g/mol, molecular formula C28H22F3N7O2 with name as 3-(2-(2-methyl-5-(3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl) phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridine1-oxide.
GC-MS Profiling, Invitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Shanmugavadivelu Chandra Mohan , Jain Namrata , Thirupathi Anand , Murugesan Priya 
Published: July 2021

In the present study the methanol extract of a novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) was studied for alpha (α)- amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibition using an in vitro antidiabetic model. The polyherbal extract were also examined for its antioxidant activity by using free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The study revealed that the polyherbal formulation exhibit potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The methanol extract exhibited significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 value 31.52±0.74µg and 53.13±0.97µg respectively and well compared with standard acarbose drug. Further, antibacterial activity of methanol extract of PHF valuated against standard strains, the tested extract showed more potent inhibitory effects on both Gram (+) bacteria and Gram (-) bacteria. Thus, it could be concluded that due the presence of antioxidant components the plant extract have well prospective for the management of diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress. This knowledge will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterizations of Ni(II) Thiosemicarbazone Bearing Anthracene
Authors: Hien Dinh Thi , Ha Khuat Thi Thuy , Dat Nguyen Tien , Thao Dinh Thi , Hai Nguyen Minh 
Published: July 2021

The X-ray structure of 9-anthraldehyde-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone was firstly determined. The Ni(II) complex with this ligand was prepared upon reaction with chloride salt. Mass spectrometry result confirms correct formulation of the complex. Unusual 1H NMR signal pattern of anthracene moiety reveal cis arrangement cemented by intramolecular p–p stackings between aromatic rings. As a result of this interaction, the electronic structure of anthracene ring is perturbed and gives rise to structureless and broad absorption and emission bands.
Application of a rabbit-elastase aneurysm model for preliminary histology assessment of the PPODA-QT liquid embolic
Authors: Huckleberry April , Merritt William , Cotter Trevor , Settanni Christopher , Preul Mark C. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Becker Timothy Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Background:
PPODA-QT is a novel liquid embolic under development for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. We sought to test the rabbit-elastase aneurysm model to evaluate the tissue response following PPODA-QT embolization.

Methods:
Experimental elastase-induced aneurysms were created in fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits. Eight animals were used for aneurysm model and endovascular embolization technique development. Six PPODA-QT-treated animals were enrolled in the study. Control and aneurysm tissues were harvested at acute (n = 2), 1-month (n = 2), and 3-month (n = 2) timepoints and the tissues were prepared for histology assessment.

Results:
All fourteen rabbit-elastase aneurysms resulted in small and medium aneurysm heights (<10 mm dome height) with highly variable neck morphologies, small midline dome diameters, and beyond-wide dome-to-neck (d: n) ratios. Histological evaluation of four aneurysms, treated with PPODA-QT, demonstrated reorganization of aneurysm wall elastin into a smooth muscle layer, and observed as early as the 1-month survival timepoint. At the aneurysm neck, a homogenous neointimal layer (200–300 μm) formed at the PPODA-QT interface, sealing off the parent vessel from the aneurysm dome. No adverse immune response was evident at 1- and 3-month survival timepoints.

Conclusion:
PPODA-QT successfully embolized the treated aneurysms. Following PPODA-QT embolization, neointimal tissue growth and remodeling were noted with minimal immunological response. The experimental aneurysms created in rabbits were uniformly small with inconsistent neck morphology. Further testing of PPODA-QT will be conducted in larger aneurysm models for device delivery optimization and aneurysm healing assessment before human clinical investigation.
Giant Actinomyces brain abscess in an immunocompetent child: A management strategy
Authors: Chicoine Nicole H. , Griffith-Linsley Jackson , Goh Joling , Manaloor John J. , Raskin Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Intraparenchymal brain abscess is a collection of microbes caused by inoculation through direct extension or hematogenous spread. Although rare, intraparenchymal abscesses are potentially fatal and can be detected when patients are symptomatic due to local mass effect on adjacent neural tissue. Brain abscess treatment includes medical management with appropriate antibiotics alone or medical management in combination with surgical debridement. Treatment strategies depend on the size and location of disease, as well as the virulence of the microorganism. Similar to medical management strategies, surgical strategies among providers are not uniform, with variation in approaches from complete extirpation of the abscess, including the abscess wall, to minimally invasive stereotactic needle aspiration. In particular, for children, there are no guidelines for therapy.

Case Description:
We report a case of giant Actinomycosis right frontal brain abscess in an immunocompetent child without risk factors. A review of the literature for the treatment of brain abscess caused very rarely by Actinomyces in children is performed.

Conclusion:
Successful treatment of brain access depends on organism and location. The even more uncommon giant intraparenchymal abscesses can be managed with minimal access and prolonged antibiosis, especially when slow-growing organisms are identified. Long-term follow-up should be employed to mitigate missed late failures.
High-flow bypass surgery using a radial artery graft for an extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Koketsu Kenta , Kim Kyongsong , Ideguchi Minoru , Kokubo Rinko , Mizunari Takayuki , Morita Akio 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare. Surgery may be difficult when vessels are tortuous and on a high cervical level. We report two patients whose tortuous extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm located on a high cervical level was successfully treated by ICA ligation and a high-flow bypass using a radial artery (RA) graft between the external carotid- and the middle cerebral artery.

Case Description:
(Case 1) A 47-year-old man suffered a recurrent cerebral infarct despite medical treatment. His right extracranial ICA aneurysm measured 33 mm; it was tortuous and located at a high cervical level. We ligated the ICA after placing a high-flow bypass using an RA graft. The aneurysm was not repaired. (Case 2) A 59-year-old woman noticed pulsatile swelling on her left neck. It was due to an extracranial ICA aneurysm that was large (36 mm), tortuous, and located at a high cervical level. We performed ICA ligation after placing a high-flow bypass using an RA graft without direct aneurysmal repair. Six months after the operation she noted a pulsatile bulge on the left oropharynx. We confirmed recurrence of an aneurysm from retrograde blood flow and performed internal trapping by occluding the distal portion of the ICA aneurysm using an intravascular procedure.

Conclusion:
ICA ligation after placing a high-flow bypass with an RA-graft is a technically demanding, but safe procedure to address extracranial ICA aneurysms that are tortuous and located at a high cervical level.
Spontaneous epidural pneumorrhachis in 14 years old
Authors: Hudson Joseph Scott , Jeong Seung , Zhang Xiaoran , Abel Taylor J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Pneumorrhachis is an exceedingly rare complication of pneumomediastinum as air tracks through tissue planes into the epidural (or subdural space). The majority of these patients present with a clear history of trauma, iatrogenic injury, pneumothorax, vomiting, or retching.

Case Description:
A 14-year-old male presented with the asymptomatic spontaneous onset of pneumorrhachis associated with significant pneumomediastinum of unclear etiology.

Conclusion:
Most patients with pneumorrhachis present with nonfocal neurological examinations. For these patients, it is critical to rule out infection as the cause of epidural gas. If other systemic signs are present, then urgent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging should be obtained. The majority of patients will demonstrate spontaneous radiographic resolution of pneumorrhachis within several days.
Posttraumatic C2-C3 spondyloptosis without focal neurological deficit, treated with anterior and posterior approaches: A case report
Authors: Fattahi Arash , Daneshi Abdoulhadi , Mohajeri seyed Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Cervical spondyloptosis is usually caused by trauma, and correlated with significant neurological deficits that can include quadriplegia, respiratory disorders, vertebral artery injury, and death.

Case Description:
A 34-year-old male presented with C2-C3 spondylolisthesis after a fall from a tree. Although he had no neurological deficits, CT and X-ray studies confirmed C2-C3 a spondyloptosis. He was treated with emergent anterior and posterior cervical reduction, decompression, and fixation, remaining neurologically intact in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:
Patients with C2-C3 spondyloptosis documented on X-ray/CT studies should be considered for circumferential decompression/fusion to preserve neurological function.
Management of single-level thoracic disc herniation through a modified transfacet approach: A review of 86 patients
Authors: Kashyap Samir , Webb Andrew G. , Friis Elizabeth A. , Arnold Paul M. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is rare and does not typically resolve with conservative management. Traditional surgical management is the transthoracic approach; however, this approach can carry significant risk. Posterolateral approaches are less invasive, but no single approach has proven to be more effective than the other results are often dependent on surgeon experience with a particular approach, as well as the location and characteristics of the disc herniation.

Methods:
This was retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Eighty-six patients with TDH treated surgically through the modified transfacet approach were reviewed and evaluated for pain improvement, Nurick grade, and neurological symptoms. Patients were followed for 12 months postoperatively; estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, hospital course, and postoperative complications were also assessed.

Results:
All attempts at disc resection were successful. Most patients reported improvement in pain, sensory involvement, and strength. Seventy-nine patients had complete resolution of their symptoms while four patients had unchanged symptoms. Three patients experienced mild neurologic worsening postoperatively, but this resolved back to baseline. One patient experienced myelopathy during the postoperative period that resolved with steroid administration. The procedure was well tolerated with minimal complications.

Conclusion:
TDH can be managed surgically through a variety of approaches. The selection of approach is dependent on surgeon experience with an approach, the patient’s health, and the location and type of disc. The transfacet approach is safe and efficacious.