bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safeguarding Adolescent Mental Health in India (SAMA): study protocol for co-design and feasibility study of a school systems intervention targeting adolescent anxiety and depression in India
Authors: Hugh-Jones S. , Naidu J. , Al-Janabi H. , Bhola P. , Cook P. , Fazel M. , Hudson K. , Khandeparkar P. , Mirzoev T. , Venkataraman S. , West R. , Mallikarjun P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSymptoms of anxiety and depression in Indian adolescents are common. Schools can be opportune sites for delivery of mental health interventions. India, however, is without a whole-school mental health approach. This article describes the study design for the Safeguarding Adolescent Mental Health in India (SAMA) project. The aim of SAMA is to co-design and feasibility test a suite of multi-component interventions across the intersecting systems of adolescents, schools, families and their local communities in India.Methods and analysisOur project will co-design and feasibility test four interventions to run in parallel in eight schools (three assigned to waitlist) in Bengaluru and Kolar in Karnataka, India. The primary aim is to reduce the prevalence of adolescent anxiety and depression. Co-design of interventions will build on existing evidence and resources. Interventions for adolescents at school will be universal, incorporating curriculum and social components. Interventions for parents and teachers will target mental health literacy, and also for teachers, training in positive behaviour practices. Intervention in the school community will target school climate to improve student mental health literacy and care. Intervention for the wider community will be via adolescent-led films and social media. We will generate intervention cost estimates, test outcome measures and identify pathways to increase policy action on the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the National Institute of Mental Health Neurosciences Research Ethics Committee (NIMHANS/26th IEC (Behv Sc Div / 2020/2021)) and the University of Leeds School of Psychology Research Ethics Committee (PSYC-221). Certain data will be available on a data sharing site. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Article SummaryStrengths and LimitationsA key strength of this study is its focus on depression and anxiety prevention, both of which are the common adolescent mental health problems in India.The study utilises a public mental health systems approach, which adopts a ‘person-in-context’ perspective and recognises multiple determinants of mental health.Extensive co-design of interventions will promote cultural relevance and acceptability by key stakeholders, including adolescents, teachers, parents and school communities.The Covid-19 pandemic makes this research more pertinent but may affect recruitment of the schools / adolescents or may lead to participation bias if the study processes are conducted online by excluding those with limited access or who lack technical skills.The opt-in approach to consent may lead to participation bias.
Spatial frequency discrimination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders: Evidence of early visual processing deficits and associations with intellectual abilities
Authors: Løchen Aili R. , Kolskår Knut K. , de Lange Ann-Marie G. , Sneve Markus H. , Haatveit Beathe , Lagerberg Trine V. , Ueland Torill , Melle Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Alnæs Dag 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveLow-level sensory disruption is hypothesized as a precursor to clinical and cognitive symptoms in severe mental disorders. We compared visual discrimination performance in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder with healthy controls, and investigated associations with clinical symptoms and IQ.MethodsPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n=32), bipolar disorder (n=55) and healthy controls (n=152) completed a computerized visual discrimination task. Participants responded whether the latter of two consecutive grids had higher or lower spatial frequency, and discrimination thresholds were estimated using an adaptive maximum likelihood procedure. Case-control differences in threshold were assessed using linear regression, F-test and post-hoc pair-wise comparisons. Linear models were used to test for associations between visual discrimination threshold and psychotic symptoms derived from the PANSS and IQ assessed using the Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI).ResultsRobust regression revealed a significant main effect of diagnosis on discrimination threshold (robust F=6.76, p=.001). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean=14%, SD=0.08) had higher thresholds compared to healthy controls (mean=10.8%, SD = 0.07, β = 0.35, t=3.4, p=0.002), as did patients with bipolar disorder (12.23%, SD=0.07, β= 0.21, t=2.42, p=0.04). There was no significant difference between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (β=-0.14, t=-1.2, p=0.45). Linear models revealed negative associations between IQ and threshold across all participants when controlling for diagnostic group (β = -0.3, t=-3.43, p=0.0007). This association was found within healthy controls (t=-3.72, p=.0003) and patients with bipolar disorder (t=-2.53, p=.015), and no significant group by IQ interaction on threshold (F=0.044, p=.97). There were no significant associations between PANSS domain scores and discrimination threshold.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorders exhibited higher visual discrimination thresholds than healthy controls, supporting early visual deficits among patients with severe mental illness. Discrimination threshold was negatively associated with IQ among healthy controls and bipolar disorder patients. These findings elucidate perception-related disease mechanisms in severe mental illness, which warrants replication in independent samples.
First clinical experience with a novel optical-ultrasound imaging device on various skin pathologies
Authors: Csány Gergely , Gergely L. Hunor , Szalai Klára , Lőrincz Kende K. , Strobel Lilla , Csabai Domonkos , Hegedüs István , Marosán-Vilimszky Péter , Füzesi Krisztián , Sárdy Miklós , Gyöngy Miklós 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesA compact handheld skin ultrasound imaging device has been developed that uses co-registered optical and ultrasound imaging to provide diagnostic information about the full skin depth and lesions encountered therein. The aim of the current work is to present the first clinical results of the device. Using additional photographic, dermoscopic and ultrasonic images as reference, the images from the device are assessed in terms of the detectability of the skin layer boundaries (between the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis), and in terms of image features produced by common skin lesions.MethodsCombined optical-ultrasonic recordings of various types of common skin lesions (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, keratosis, dermatofibroma, naevus, dermatitis, psoriasis) were taken with the device (N = 53) and compared with images from a reference portable skin ultrasound imager. The investigator and two additional independent experts evaluated and compared the images in terms of skin structure detectability and skin lesion features.ResultsSkin structure detectability was unanimously over 90 % for epidermis, dermis and lesion. Morphological and echogenicity information observed for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, keratoses, dermatofibroma, naevi, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis were found consistent with those of the reference ultrasound device and relevant ultrasound images in the literature.ConclusionsThe presented device is able to obtain simultaneous in-vivo optical and ultrasound images of common skin lesions. This has the potential to provide relevant information in a number of settings to be investigated in the future, including preoperative planning of skin cancer treatment.
A Propensity-Matched Nested Case-Control Study of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Genotyped for CYP2C19
Authors: Kilpatrick Kate , James Nick , Smith Kevin , Mackay John , Shepherd Phillip , Boyle Luke , Thurier Quentin , Ayar Zina , Gladding Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionTicagrelor is widely considered superior to clopidogrel however a pharmacogenetic substudy of PLATO indicated that the majority of this difference is due to genetic nonresponders to clopidogrel. We evaluated patient outcomes following genotyping for CYP2C19 in a propensity matched acute coronary syndrome cohort treated with either clopidogrel, ticagrelor or aspirin monotherapy.MethodsICD10 coding identified 6,985 acute coronary syndrome patients at Waitematā District Health Board over a five year period (2012-2016). Ticagrelor was subsidised by The Pharmaceutical Management Agency of New Zealand in July 2013. Patients were genotyped for CYP2C19 *2, *3 and *17 alleles using the Nanosphere Verigene analyser and treatment was tailored accordingly. Logistic regression and nearest neighbour propensity matching was employed in a 1:3 fashion with each treatment group to balance patient characteristics.ResultsA total of 146 patients were genotyped and compared with 438 matched patients taking either clopidogrel, ticagrelor or aspirin monotherapy. Post July 2013 clopidogrel was prescribed more often in responders than in those without genotype information (68 vs 39%, χ2 9, 95% CI 4 to 34, p=0.003). Conversely, ticagrelor was used more frequently in clopidogrel nonresponders. Mortality with personalised treatment was equivalent to ticagrelor (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.8) but higher in those treated with clopidogrel (HR 2.3, 95 % CI 1 to 5.3). Readmissions with ACS were higher in nonresponders treated with clopidogrel versus those treated with genotype appropriate dual antiplatelet therapy (HR 3.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 18, p =0.03).ConclusionPersonalised antiplatelet management was equivalent to ticagrelor with respect to all-cause mortality and ACS readmissions. It also led to more appropriate use of both clopidogrel and ticagrelor and potential cost savings.
Eco-friendly practices and pro-environmental behaviours: the Australian folk and world music festival perspective
Authors: Alonso-Vazquez Marisol , Ballico Christina 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has once again brought to our attention one of the three main pillars of sustainability–the environment. It has also brought into sharp relief the fragility of the live music festival sector, whose success hinges fundamentally on the capacity for both travel and mass gatherings to occur. Considering this intersection of environmental sustainability and the live music festival sector, this paper–which reports on events occurring long before the global pandemic took hold–examines the ways in which eight Australian folk and world music festivals successfully engage in eco-friendly and pro-environmental practices and educational activities at their events. Findings from this research will assist industry practitioners in being able to engage in similar practices at their events, as well as further academic understandings of the relationship between the environment and the live music sector, and the role of environmental communication practices within this.Design/methodology/approachThis study engaged an exploratory research design using interviews to gain an insight into the perceptions of eight live music festival promoters regarding their patrons' on-site eco-friendly behaviours and engagement with the eco-friendly initiatives at their events.FindingsSocial support within the on-site festival community (applied here through the notion of a sense of communitas), coupled with the provision of eco-friendly initiatives and effective environmental communication approaches, were key pivot drivers to support patrons' pro-environmental behaviours. Engagement with environmental authorities and experts during the festivals was found to validate their eco-friendly approaches.Originality/valueThis paper provides details of, as well as insights into, the success of the eco-friendly and pro-environmental education practices engaged at select world and folk music festivals in Australia. It broadens and builds upon existing understandings of environmental communication practices.
Ontology alignment evaluation for online assessment of e-learners: a new e-learning management system
Authors: B.R. Rajakumar , Yenduri Gokul , Vyas Sumit , D. Binu 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a new assessment system module for handling the comprehensive answers written through the answer interface.

Design/methodology/approach
The working principle is under three major phases: Preliminary semantic processing: In the pre-processing work, the keywords are extracted for each answer given by the course instructor. In fact, this answer is actually considered as the key to evaluating the answers written by the e-learners. Keyword and semantic processing of e-learners for hierarchical clustering-based ontology construction: For each answer given by each student, the keywords and the semantic information are extracted and clustered (hierarchical clustering) using a new improved rider optimization algorithm known as Rider with Randomized Overtaker Update (RR-OU). Ontology matching evaluation: Once the ontology structures are completed, a new alignment procedure is used to find out the similarity between two different documents. Moreover, the objects defined in this work focuses on “how exactly the matching process is done for evaluating the document.” Finally, the e-learners are classified based on their grades.

Findings
On observing the outcomes, the proposed model shows less relative mean squared error measure when weights were (0.5, 0, 0.5), and it was 71.78% and 16.92% better than the error values attained for (0, 0.5, 0.5) and (0.5, 0.5, 0). On examining the outcomes, the values of error attained for (1, 0, 0) were found to be lower than the values when weights were (0, 0, 1) and (0, 1, 0). Here, the mean absolute error (MAE) measure for weight (1, 0, 0) was 33.99% and 51.52% better than the MAE value for weights (0, 0, 1) and (0, 1, 0). On analyzing the overall error analysis, the mean absolute percentage error of the implemented RR-OU model was 3.74% and 56.53% better than k-means and collaborative filtering + Onto + sequential pattern mining models, respectively.

Originality/value
This paper adopts the latest optimization algorithm called RR-OU for proposing a new assessment system module for handling the comprehensive answers written through the answer interface. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that uses RR-OU-based optimization for developing a new ontology alignment-based online assessment of e-learners.
The COVID-19 pandemic: the woes of small construction firms in Ghana
Authors: Amoah Christopher , Bamfo-Agyei Emmanuel , Simpeh Fredrick 
Published: July 2021

PurposeCOVID-19 came as a surprise to the global economy and devastated many sectors worldwide, including the construction sector. Small construction firms are believed to be an engine of growth in many developing countries, including Ghana; thus, their survival cannot be trivialized. This study explored the impact of the COVID-19 on the businesses of the small confirms in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was adopted for this study. Open-ended interview questions were distributed via email to 45 small construction firms (D3K3 and D4K4) purposefully selected. Thematic contents analysis was used to analyze 30 interview questions received.FindingsThis study has revealed that the COVID-19 has severely affected small construction firms in Ghana. Small construction firms are struggling in their finances; their cash flow/payments for work done are severely affected; they cannot secure contracts and management site efficiently. Their worker's productivity level has dwindled, which has subsequently escalated their project cost and completion time. These effects identified are significantly affecting the survival of these small construction firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe study included small construction operating in the Central, Western and Greater Accra regions of Ghana during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the findings may be applicable to construction sites outside these regions.Practical implicationsThe implication is the COVID-19 pandemic hugely impacts the small construction firm's business operations. Therefore, they must be mindful of the new norm (COVID-19) and institute strategies to help them overcome the challenges and sustain their businesses.Originality/valueThe study gives insight into the effects of the COVID-19 on the businesses of small construction firms in Ghana and proposes strategies that they must implement to overcome their challenges and sustain their businesses.
Clinical effectiveness of efinaconazole 10% solution for treatment of onychomycosis with longitudinal spikes
Authors: Watanabe Shinichi , Iozumi Ken , Abe Masatoshi , Ito Yoshiko , Uesugi Takashi , Onoduka Takashi , Kato Ichiro , Kato Fumihiro , Kodama Kazuo , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Takeda Osamu , Tomizawa Koki , Tateishi Yasuki , Fujii Mizue , Mayama Jun , Muramoto Fumio , Yasuda Hidemi , Yamanaka Kiyomitsu , Oh‐i Tsunao , Kasai Hiroko , Tsuboi Ryoji , Hattori Naoko , Maruyama Ryuji , Omi Tokuya , Shimoyama Harunari , Nakasu Ichiro , Watanabe‐Okada Emiko , Nishimoto Shuhei , Mochizuki Takashi , Fukuzawa Masao , Seishima Mariko , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Yamamoto Osamu , Shindo Masahisa , Kiryu Hiroe , Kusuhara Masahiro , Takenaka Motoi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnychomycosis with longitudinal spikes in the nail plate has been reported to be refractory to oral drugs as with dermatophytoma. We evaluated the efficacy of 10% efinaconazole solution in the treatment of onychomycosis with longitudinal spikes. Of the 223 subjects who were enrolled in a previous study, a post‐hoc analysis of 82 subjects with longitudinal spikes was performed in this study. The opacity ratio of longitudinal spikes was decreased over time from 8.1 to 0.9 at the final assessment. In addition, the longitudinal spike disappearance rate increased early after the application to 81.7% at the final assessment. Therefore, 10% efinaconazole solution can be a first‐line drug for longitudinal spikes, which have been regarded as refractory to oral drugs.
Simultaneous joint migration inversion as a high‐resolution time‐lapse imaging method: Feasibility and robustness study
Authors: Qu Shan , Verschuur Dirk Jacob 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe conventional time‐lapse processing workflow is usually sensitive to the non‐repeatable uncertainties between different vintages caused by noise, acquisition designs and independent processing. Therefore, in order to reduce these non‐repeatable uncertainties, all the datasets are usually acquired from well‐sampled and well‐repeated acquisition surveys, and the independent processing is always carefully tailored to maximally reduce the non‐repeatable uncertainties during processing. Moreover, the conventional time‐lapse analysis method, based on a time‐shift map, is not always a good indicator of the actual velocity differences due to its local one‐dimensional subsurface assumption. In order to relax these rigid requirements and have a better velocity change indicator, a robust high‐resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion was proposed as an effective time‐lapse tool for reservoir monitoring. The method combines a simultaneous data‐processing strategy with the joint migration inversion method. Joint migration inversion is a full wavefield inversion method with a parameterization in terms of reflectivity and propagation velocity. The simultaneous strategy allows the baseline and monitor parameters to communicate and compensate with each other dynamically during inversion, thus, suppressing the non‐repeatable uncertainties during the time‐lapse processing. To investigate the feasibility of using high‐resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion in practice, some numerical experiments are conducted to test the dependence of high‐resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion on the quality of the time‐lapse datasets including the following aspects: random noise; sparse surveys; ocean bottom node versus streamer (different types of monitoring surveys); non‐repeated sources, including source positioning errors and non‐repeated source wavelets; spatial weighting operators in the L2‐norm penalty terms; and sensitivity to weak time‐lapse effects. All the experiments are carried on the basis of a realistic synthetic time‐lapse model based on the Grane field offshore Norway. These experiments show that high‐resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion is robust to random noise, survey sparsity, survey non‐repeatability, source positioning errors and source wavelet discrepancies. Furthermore, high‐resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion remains effective when the spatial weighting operators in the L2‐norm penalty terms are largely relaxed, and high‐resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion is capable of detecting weak time‐lapse changes (e.g. velocity changes down to 35 m/s).
Litterfall silicon flux in relation to vegetation differences in old‐growth and logged lowland forests in Borneo
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Imai Nobuo , Aoyagi Ryota , Kitayama Kanehiro , Kitajima Kaoru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLowland tropical forests cycle large quantities of silicon (Si) via litterfall, but little is known how litterfall Si flux is modified in logged forests. In Sabah, Borneo, we compared an old‐growth forest stand and stands that had received reduced‐impact logging (RIL) or conventional logging (CL) about 20–30 years ago, in terms of Si concentration of recently abscised dead leaves, Si flux via litterfall, and water extractable Si from upper soil horizons. The Si concentration of dead leaves produced by dominant tree species in Dipterocarpaceae differed widely among genera and species (1.2–29.7 mg Si g‐dry‐mass−1). Some pioneer trees (e.g., Macaranga spp.) and bamboo species that dominate the RIL and CL stands exhibited high Si concentration in their dead leaves. Litterfall Si flux was higher in the RIL stand (392 kg ha−1 year−1) where bamboo was abundant, than in the CL and old‐growth stands (187 and 153 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively). Water extractable Si from the soil was also the highest in the RIL stand, followed by the CL and old‐growth stands. In conclusion, our study suggests that bamboos and pioneer trees with high dead‐leaf Si concentrations increase Si flux in post‐logging stands, in a manner to compensate for the loss of Si flux associated with decreased abundance of Si accumulating Dipterocarpaceae trees. The correlation between litterfall Si flux and water extractable soil Si among the three stands also suggests a feedback loop of Si via plants in this lowland tropical forest that received contrasting types of logging.