bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam-activated sawdust efficiency in treating wastewater contaminated by heavy metals and phenolic compounds
Authors: Elboughdiri Noureddine , Azeem Babar , Ghernaout Djamel , Ghareba Saad , Kriaa Karim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research study encompasses the utilization of new adsorbents fabricated from pine sawdust for the adsorption of heavy metals and phenol from simulated industrial wastewater. Batch trials are conducted to evaluate the activity of these adsorbents for a possible substitution of the costly commercial adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacities are evaluated and linked to the physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbents. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of the adsorbents corresponds to the specific surface area of the adsorbents. The adsorbents with the larger specific surface area have shown higher qmax estimates (phenol adsorption is an exception). The highest amount of the phenol pollutant adsorbed by steam-activated sawdust (SAS) is 10.0 mg/g. The performance of SAS is found to be of the same order as the commercial activated carbon for the removal of Pb and Zn. Equilibrium data for the metal removal are in concordance with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, whereas the phenol elimination has satisfied the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Kinetic data are fitted to Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and the intraparticle diffusion models. Thus, kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model are determined and discussed. The results suggest that the adsorption of Cr follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating chemisorption for the tested adsorbents such that the intraparticle diffusion is not the only step that controls the overall process for Cr adsorption. At the end of this study, the production cost of the SAS adsorbent is estimated ($52 per kg) and compared to the cost of the commercial AC adsorbent in the industrial sector which has a great variation ($80–300 per kg) based on size and location plant. The results of this study can be used for the design of a suitable ecological control procedure to mitigate the harmful effects of industrial wastewater.
Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life, Morbidity, and Survival Status for Individuals With Down Syndrome in Pakistan (DS-Pak): Protocol for a Web-Based Collaborative Registry
Authors: Siddiqui Ayat , Ladak Laila Akbar , Kazi Abdul Momin , Kaleem Sidra , Akbar Fizza , Kirmani Salman 
Published: March 2021

Background
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, with a global incidence of 1 in 700 live births. However, the true prevalence, associated morbidities, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of these individuals and their families are not well documented, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Pakistan. Disease-specific documentation in the form of a collaborative registry is required to better understand this condition and the associated health outcomes. This protocol paper describes the aims and processes for developing the first comprehensive, web-based collaborative registry for Down syndrome in a Pakistani cohort.

Objective
This study aims to assess the HRQOL, long-term survival, and morbidity of individuals with Down syndrome by using a web-based collaborative registry.

Methods
The registry data collection will be conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital and at the Karachi Down Syndrome Program. Data will be collected by in-person interviews or virtually via telephone or video interviews. Participants of any age and sex with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) will be recruited. After receiving informed consent and assent, a series of tablet-based questionnaires will be administered. The questionnaires aim to assess the sociodemographic background, clinical status, and HRQOL of the participants and their families. Data will be uploaded to a secure cloud server to allow for real-time access to participant responses by the clinicians to plan prompt interventions. Patient safety and confidentiality will be maintained by using multilayer encryption and unique coded patient identifiers. The collected data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (IBM Corporation), with the mean and SD of continuous variables being reported. Categorical variables will be analyzed with their percentages being reported and with a P value cutoff of .05. Multivariate regression analysis will be conducted to identify predictors related to the HRQOL in patients with Down syndrome. Survival analysis will be reported using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Results
The web-based questionnaire is currently being finalized before the commencement of pilot testing. This project has not received funding at the moment (ethical review committee approval reference ID: 2020-3582-11145).

Conclusions
This registry will allow for a comprehensive understanding of Down syndrome in low- and middle-income countries. This can provide the opportunity for data-informed interventions, which are tailored to the specific needs of this patient population and their families. Although this web-based registry is a proof of concept, it has the potential to be expanded to national, regional, and international levels.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/24901
Effectiveness of Delivering Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Techniques by Email in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alavi Nazanin , Stephenson Callum , Rivera Margo 
Published: March 2021

Background
Borderline personality disorder is a debilitating and prevalent mental health disorder, with often inaccessible treatment options. Electronically delivered dialectical behavioral therapy could be an efficacious and more accessible intervention.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electronic delivery of dialectical behavioral therapy in the treatment of individuals with symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

Methods
Study participants diagnosed with borderline personality disorder were offered either an email-based or in-person group format dialectical behavioral therapy skill-building program. During each session, participants were provided with both the material and feedback regarding their previous week’s homework. Electronically delivered dialectical behavioral therapy protocol and content were designed to mirror in-person content. Participants were assessed using the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).

Results
There were significant increases in SAQ scores from pre- to posttreatment in the electronic delivery group (F1,92=69.32, P<.001) and in-person group (F1,92=60.97, P<.001). There were no significant differences observed between the groups at pre- and posttreatment for SAQ scores (F1,92=.05, P=.83). There were significant decreases in DERS scores observed between pre- and posttreatment in the electronic delivery group (F1,91=30.15, P<.001) and the in-person group (F1,91=58.18, P<.001). There were no significant differences observed between the groups for DERS scores pre- and posttreatment (F1,91=.24, P=.63). There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy observed between the 2 treatment arms (P<.001).

Conclusions
Despite the proven efficacy of in-person dialectical behavioral therapy in the treatment of borderline personality disorder, there are barriers to receiving this treatment. With the prevalence of internet access continuing to rise globally, delivering dialectical behavioral therapy with email may provide a more accessible alternative to treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder without sacrificing the quality of care.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04493580; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04493580
Malacoplaquia en un adolescente a propósito de un caso
Authors: Muñoz Cedeño Ruben  Gustavo , Rodríguez Chica Gema Nathalye , Martínez Ballesteros Priscila Elizabeth , Paullan Sani Viviana , Vera Zapata Fabricio 
Published: March 2021

La malacoplaquia es una enfermedad inflamatoria rara, granulomatosa y crónica, caracterizada por infiltrados agregados de histiocitos conocidos como inclusiones de Michaelis-Gutmann. El sistema urinario es el sitio afectado más común, seguido del tracto gastrointestinal. El pronóstico de la enfermedad depende de la extensión, la localización y la salud subyacente del paciente.
Caso: se describe un caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 15 años de edad, sin antecedentes de salud de importancia, que inicialmente presenta la enfermedad a partir de los 7 años con hematoquecia y dolor abdominal de leve intensidad que mejoraba después de la defecación. Se realizó una colonoscopia en la que se visualizaron lesiones pseudopolipoideas en el colon sigmoide, las cuales fueron biopsiadas y reportaron pólipos inflamatorios con focos de agudización, numerosos histiocitos (cuerpos de Michaelis-Gutmann) y cambios reactivos del epitelio que diagnosticaron malacoplaquia.
Conclusión: la malacoplaquia es una enfermedad muy rara en personas jóvenes sin enfermedad subyacente. Su prevalencia es desconocida, pero se han descrito más de 700 casos. Puede darse en todas las edades, con edad media al diagnóstico de 50 años. Los casos pediátricos son raros. Existe una mayor incidencia en hombres y no tiene predilección por la raza. El 60 % a 80 % de los casos afecta al tracto urinario (vejiga, riñones y uretra); el 15 %, al tracto digestivo (colon izquierdo, sigma, recto y estómago); y en menor porcentaje, otras zonas menos frecuentes como piel, pulmones y sistema nervioso central. El pronóstico de la enfermedad es generalmente bueno. Presentamos un caso de un joven sano de 15 años de edad sin enfermedad asociada evidente, que ilustra la rareza de esta presentación y la necesidad de un alto nivel de sospecha clínica para diagnosticar la enfermedad.
Trust but Verify: The Oracle Paradox of Blockchain Smart Contracts
Authors: Albizri Abdullah , Appelbaum Deniz 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Although research shows that blockchain provides fairly immutable virtual provenance workflows, proof that the blockchain accurately represents physical events lacks truly independent verification. This dilemma, the Oracle Paradox, challenges blockchain architecture and is perhaps one reason why businesses have hesitated to adopt smart contracts. Blockchain proponents claim that people can serve as trusted Oracles in a smart contract. However, auditing research shows that people are the weak link in almost every internal control application, including those pertaining to blockchain. People are susceptible to collusion, bribery, error, and fraud and these tendencies are not entirely mitigated by blockchain technologies (Balagurusamy et al. 2019; Nakamoto 2008). This research proposes a framework to mitigate the paradox of the Oracle: A Business Process Management (BPM) model of a Blockchain Smart Contract-enabled supply chain with IoT as the sole “third-party” Oracle participant, utilizing design science research.
Performance Optimization of Groundnut Shelling Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Muhammad Aliyu Idris , Isiaka Moshud , Attanda Muhammed Lawal , Shittu Sarafadeen Kolawole , Lawan Ibrahim , Bomoi Muhammad Isa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of drum speed, moisture content, and feed rate on the performance indices of groundnut sheller using Ex-Dakar groundnut variety. Response surface methodology was used to study the influence of input variables and optimize the processing conditions. The developed second-order polynomial model adequately described the performance responses, including output capacity, shelling and cleaning efficiencies, and kernel damage. The input variables indicated significant influences on performance responses. The optimized processing variables for the responses were drum speed of 210 rpm, moisture content of 8%, and feed rate of 350 kg∙h−1. The optimum responses obtained were output capacity of 302.52 kg∙h−1, shelling efficiency of 97.61%, cleaning efficiency of 53.16%, and kernel damage of 4.04%. These performance responses were validated experimentally and were close to the observed results.
Effect of exogenously-applied abscisic acid, putrescine and hydrogen peroxide on drought tolerance of barley
Authors: Skowron Ernest , Trojak Magdalena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), putrescine (Put) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) foliar pre-treatment on drought tolerance of barley. Despite water limitation, ABA-sprayed plants preserved increased water content, photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and CO2assimilation rate (Pn) compared to untreated stressed plants. The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA), lowered the rate of PSII primary acceptor reduction (1 – qP) and increased the yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ) with higher accumulation of PGRL1 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION LIKE1) protein. These plants preserved a similar level of photochemical efficiency and the rate of electron transport of PSII (ETRII) to the well-watered samples. The significantly less pronounced response was observed in Put-sprayed samples under drought. Additionally, the combined effects of drought and H2O2application increased the 1 – qP and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO) and reduced the accumulation of Rubisco activase (RCA). In conclusion, ABA foliar application allowed to balance water retention and preserve antioxidant capacity resulting in efficient photosynthesis and the restricted risk of oxidative damage under drought. Neither hydrogen peroxide nor putrescine has been able to ameliorate drought stress as effectively as ABA.
Educational Approach to Increase Student Pharmacist Confidence with Medicare
Authors: Irwin Adriane 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To describe a didactic, case-based approach to teach student pharmacists about Medicare enabling them to consider the spectrum of coverage options, as well as both medical and drug needs, when assessing insurance plans.
Innovation: Education on Medicare often focuses on Part D. However, the growing popularity of Medicare Advantage plans requires students to have a more comprehensive understanding of Medicare. To address this gap, a didactic, case-based approach was developed where students received four 90-minute lectures on Medicare and then applied the information through a patient case. Data was collected on student-reported confidence with Medicare, and attitudes towards the importance of understanding insurance in improving patient care. Surveys were conducted at baseline, after the didactic lectures (interim survey), and upon project completion (final survey).
Key Findings: Confidence with Medicare increased between the baseline and interim survey (all p ≤ 0.001). Additional gains were seen after completing the project in helping patients navigate financial assistance programs (p ≤ 0.001) and selecting specific plans (p ≤ 0.05). After the interim survey, students more strongly agreed with statements related to knowledge of insurance as an opportunity to help advocate for patients (p ≤ 0.001), and the need to consider Medicare coverage when making medication recommendations (p ≤ 0.05)
Conclusion: The combination of didactic lectures and a case-based exercise positively impacted self-reported student confidence in their knowledge, as well as attitude towards Medicare. Increasing student confidence in Medicare and willingness to engage beneficiaries in conversations about insurance coverage may be a strategy to improve patient care and health outcomes.
Effect Of Pre-Emptive Magnesium Sulfate In Pain Relief After Elective Cesarean Sections
Authors: Ghison I. Kadhim  
Published: March 2021

One of the most important things concerning surgeries is pain and its consequences on the patient and his general condition. So, we have to decrease pain following surgeries as much as we can to achieve optimum pain relief for the patients passing surgeries. A lot of studies and researches have been focused on the usage of magnesium sulfate (MgSo4) preoperatively to assess its effect in decreasing pain postoperatively to elective cesarean sections. To assess the analgesic efficacy in decreasing pain post-operatively by a preoperative single dose of intravenous magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing elective cesarean sections by the usage of two pain scales. A sixty pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean section were randomly separated into two groups. Before the induction of the anesthesia, the magnesium sulfate group (group A) received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg intraveneously (i.v) in bolus dose in 100 ml isotonic saline. The control group(group B) received the same volume of isotonic saline 0.9%(100ml). The pain score was taken at rest and movement for up to 12 hours post-operatively. There were no statistical differences regarding patients characteristics. Magnesium sulfate was very effective(statistically highly significant) in decreasing pain according to visual analogue scale and overall the four readings that detected in this clinical research and also the numeric pain scale showed that magnesium sulfate group was very effective (statistically highly effective) in three readings and effective (in the last reading). Pre-operative magnesium sulfate causes a significant reduction in pain intensity elective cesarean section.
Study of Cause and Position of Fissure in Ano in Post Partum Females
Authors: Satyam S Supare  , Monika Meshram  , Nayan A Deshmukh  
Published: March 2021

Lifestyle has a significant collision with anorectal diseases and poor dietary habits. Therefore to find out any relation between pregnancy and fissure-in-ano, the present study was conducted. There is no literature available for the prevalence of fissure in ano In terms of cause and position of the fissure in postpartum females. This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted from January to December 2017, all-female patients visiting OPD were screened. Female patients more than 18 years of age with complaints of a fissure in ano and associated complaints were studied detail history taken in the form of the framed questioner. The diagnosis of enrolled patients was based on clinical findings of anorectal evaluation by digital rectal examination and proctoscopy. Overall, 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Mixed dietary habits and history of constipation were found to be associated with the prevalence of fissure. Similarly, patients with no exercise or physical activity had more prevalence of fissure than patients who exercised regularly (19.87% versus 11.54%). The majority of patients had bleeding and pain (n=326); out of these patients, 89 (27.30%) had an anal fissure. After an assessment of 50 subjects, the chi-square test value is 4.20 (p<0.05), which indicates that the incidence of a fissure in ano among the postpartum women is significant. The observational study was conducted to find out the position and the cause of postpartum fissure in married women. The result suggested that the incidence of postpartum fissure in women is significant. The factors associated with this high incidence include the age, parity, sleeping and dietary habits.
Analisis Stabilitas dan Deformasi Terowongan Kereta Cepat Indonesia dengan Pendekatan Numerik Tiga Dimensi
Authors: Alamsyah Rinaldi , Hamdhan Indra Noer 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKWilayah perkotaan yang didalamnya terdapat perkantoran dan tempat yang memiliki tingkat kegiatan yang sangat tinggi, menjadikan struktur terowongan bawah tanah sebagai salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan infrastruktur transportasi secara optimal. Terowongan kereta cepat Indonesia merupakan salah satu terowongan yang dibangun dan berlokasi di Halim, DKI Jakarta. Terowongan dengan panjang 1.885 m ini memiliki jalur ganda (Double Track Railway). Untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan deformasi terowongan pada saat konstuksi, dilakukan analisis geoteknik. Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu analisis statik dan kondisi longterm dengan analisis dinamik. Tunneling Bore Machine (TBM) dengan sistem perkuatan linning precast dan grouting dipilih sebagai metode konstruksi untuk membangun terowongan. Pemodelan analisis statik menghasilkan deformasi terbesar 0,03056 m dan nilai faktor keamanan 1,869.Kata kunci: terowongan kereta cepat Indonesia, stabilitas, deformasi, faktor keamanan, TBM, PLAXIS 3D, linning, grouting ABSTRACTUrban areas with offices and places that have a very high level of activity make underground tunnel structures one of the solutions to optimally improve transportation infrastructure. The Indonesian fast train tunnel is one of the tunnels built and located at Halim, DKI Jakarta. The tunnel with a length of 1,885 m has a double track (Double Track Railway). To determine the stability and deformation of the tunnel during construction, a geotechnical analysis was performed. The analysis performed is static analysis and longterm conditions with dynamic analysis. Tunneling Bore Machine (TBM) with precast linning reinforcement and grouting system was chosen as the construction method for tunneling. Static analysis modeling produces the largest deformation 0.03056 m and a safety factor value of 1.869.Keywords: tunnel, face stability, deformation, safety factor, TBM, numerical method, PLAXIS 3D, linning, grouting
Analisis Tahapan Konstruksi Jembatan Cable Stayed dengan Metode Kesetimbangan Kantilever
Authors: Anissa Anissa , Herbudiman Bernardinus , Widyaningsih Euneke 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKJembatan cable stayed merupakan struktur jembatan yang memiliki sederetan kabel yang menghubungkan pilon dan girder. Dalam pembangunan jembatan cable stayed perlu dilakukan analisis pada tahap konstruksi. Penelitian ini menganalisis tahapan konstruksi jembatan cable stayed menggunakan metode kesetimbangan kantilever untuk menghasilkan besarnya gaya-gaya dalam yang memenuhi syarat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tegangan kabel maksimum yaitu 404,6 MPa dengan tegangan putus yaitu 837 MPa. Nilai lendutan terendah terdapat pada segmen 1 yaitu 0,001 m. Nilai lendutan tertinggi terdapat pada segmen 20 yaitu 0,167 m. Kemudian mengalami penurunan pada tahap 21 sebesar 0,153 m. Lendutan yang terjadi memiliki nilai di bawah lendutan izin yaitu 0,375 m. Momen terbesar terjadi pada segmen 21 yaitu 18.286,31 kNm; sedangkan yang terendah pada segmen 11 yaitu 20,43 kNm. Momen maksimum yang terjadi akibat layan yaitu 68.003 kNm dengan batas kapasitas izin yaitu 190.500,13 kNm. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur jembatan aman pada tahap pelaksanaan dan juga pasca konstruksi.Kata Kunci: cable stayed, tegangan kabel, lendutan, gaya dalam ABSTRACTThe cable-stayed bridge is structure of a bridge that have an align of cables which connecting to a pilon and a girder. Through a cable-stayed bridge constructor, it is necessary to construge stage. This research analyzing a phase of constructor a cable-stayed bridge using equilibrium cantiveler method's to produce a within forces which is fullfill requirement. According to the result of the research, the highest tension of the cable is 404.6 MPa and ultimate tension is 837 MPa. The lowest deflection value occur at the segment 1 is 0.001 m. The highest deflection value occur at the segment 20 is 0.0167 m. Subsequently undergo decreasing on the phase 21 is 0.153 m. The deflection that occur has value below the deflection permit is 0.375 m. The highest moment occur at the segment 21 is 18,286.31 kNm; on the other hand the lowest moment occur at the segment 11 is 20.43 kNm. The maximum moment that occurs due to the service is 68,003 kNm with a permit capacity limit og 190,500.13 kNm. According to the result of the research, so that in conclude, the structure is safe on the execution phase and also the post-construction phase.Keywords: cable stayed, tension cable, displacement, beam force