bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling of the electrical system through photonic structre via the principle of filtering
Authors: Swain KP , Mondal Subhra Rani , Nayak M.R , Ramachandran Manikandan , Palai Gopinath 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The control of the electrical system through a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is realized in this paper. Here, the electrical system deals with the single-phase induction motor, where the photonic structure is manipulated with the silicon-based monochromatic optical filter. Further, the physics and mathematics of the proposed filter deal with the reflectance characteristics and plane wave expansion method respectively. Moreover, the principle of speed control in the induction motor relies on the simulation outcomes of the photonic filters which communicate the motor through a visible link using a microcontroller along with a ZCD (zero crossing detector) which decides the firing angle of the triggering circuit. Both, Matlab Simulink and physical implementation shows the nitty-gritty of the system which can easily be implemented in real-life application.
Nitrosative stress parameters and the level of oxidized DNA bases in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Borisovs Vitalijs , Bodrenko Jevgenijs , Kalnina Jolanta , Sjakste Nikolajs 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease with various factors affecting its etiology. Overproduction of nitric oxide and subsequent lesions of biopolymers are some of the possible causes of the disease. This study aimed to measure the most relevant nitrosative and oxidative stress biomarkers and the level of modified DNA bases in patients with MS. Each parameter was assayed in 25 patients with MS and 25 healthy controls. This study involved detecting blood plasma and serum nitric oxide metabolites by chemiluminescence detector Sievers NOA-280i, malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements with thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, detection of oxidized purines and pyrimidines with the enzyme-modified comet assay. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t test for the comparison of less than three data sets. DNA single-strand breaks, levels of modified purines and pyrimidines, as well as nitrite and nitrate levels in plasma and serum samples, were significantly higher in patients with MS than in healthy controls. On the contrary, MDA levels appeared to be lower in patients with MS.
Low-carbon Innovation, Economic Growth and CO2 Emission: Evidence from a Dynamic Spatial Panel Approach in China
Authors: Zhang Caijiang , Zhou Yu , Li Zhangwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Low-carbon technology innovation plays an essential role in carbon emission reduction worldwide. This study investigates how low-carbon innovation affects carbon emissions by the Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model based on the panel data of 30 Chinses provinces from 2007 to 2017. The empirical results show that: Firstly, low-carbon innovation decreases carbon emissions from local and neighbor, the decreasing effects are significant mainly in the short term. Secondly, the results of the heterogeneity test indicate that the weakening effect of low-carbon innovation in central regions is consistent with the national results. The weakening effects are shown in long-term indirect and short-term direct in eastern regions. Thirdly, there is an inverted-U curve between economic development and carbon emissions, confirming the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. However, the inflection point is insurmountable under the current level of technology in China. Finally, The results also show the “Pollution Paradise” effect.
Unique Transcriptome And Gene Expression Analysis of Flag Leaves of A Super-Hybrid Rice WFYT025
Authors: Cheng Qin , Huang Shiying , Wang Peng , Liu Shilei , Wu Guangliang , Li Yue , Lin Lan , Wang Yanning , Zhong Qi , Huang Tao , Yang Mengmeng , He Xinyue , He Haohua , Bian Jianmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The health and physiology of flag leaves are closely related to rice yield, and flag leaves play an important role in providing photosynthetic products during grain filling, many breeding studies have tried to improve the performance of flag leaves. However, there are few studies on the heterosis of rice flag leaves up to now. Results: Thus, the present research is focused on the flag leaves heterosis of a widely used late-cropping indica super hybrid rice combination WFYT025 in China using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy under different environment with two stages, trying to find some genes related to photosynthesis, transpiration, and development of seeds. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and higher parent heterosis (HPH) were estimated for the heterosis of flag leaf. Under the environment of middle rice, the number of genes up-regulated in CHT025, WFB and WFYT025 were 892,1,273 and 819, down-regulated in CHT025, WFB and WFYT025 were 616,1934 and 2196, respectively. Among the SDGhps on the first day after flowering, 10.9% had a dominant effect, 41.81% had a partial dominant effect, 22.07% had an additive effect and the remaining 25.22% had an over-dominant effect. Meanwhile, on the tenth day after flowering, there were 491 genes, accounting for 27.16%, showed over-dominance; 222 genes, accounting for 12.28%, showed dominance; 760 genes, accounting for 42.04%, showed partial dominance; and 335 genes, accounting for 18.52%, showed additive effect. Conclusion: The co-expressed gene sets via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were identified, and total of 5,000 highly expressed genes were divided into 24 co-expression groups. In the two stages, we found 9 identical transcription factors. Except for 5 reported TFs, the other 4 TFs may play an important role in grain number and photosynthesis heterosis.
Comparison of the Disturbance of Soil Physical Quality Indices Between Different Underground Mining Stages in Semi-Arid Regions of Western China
Authors: Yang Dejun , Zhengfu BIAN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on soil sampling, lab experiment and support resistance monitoring, the disturbance of soil physical quality indices between different underground mining stages of No 52303 working face was studied in semi-arid region of western China. Soil sampling was conducted in same locations before and after mining in 2014. This study proved that soil water content, soil cohesion and soil porosity were greatly decreased, while bulk density and dry density were increased by coal mining. In comparison, coal mining had slight effect on organic matter, internal fraction angle, and D1 and D2 percent. Underground pressure monitoring showed that P1 during stage 2 was significantly greater than that during stage 1, indicating the large difference of pressure characteristics in tail areas of working face between two stages. Both soil water content and soil cohesion were decreased during two stages in two sites. Soil cohesion was strongly correlated to soil water content, and D1 and D2 percent in 2013 and 2014. Coal mining subsidence increased the cumulative probability to reach the same value of soil water content and soil cohesion. The cover depth produced different elastic and plastic zone widths between sites by theoretical model calculation, consistent with the support resistances in tail areas of working face. Higher pressure might cause a more serious destructive rock-soil body and a larger groundwater level decrease. The dryer and more serious erosive soil column induced by coal mining is a non negligible matter for the semi-arid region.
Unilateral Combined Stereotactic Radiofrequency Pallidotomy And Thalamotomy For Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease’. A Prospective Observational Study With 24-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Elkazaz Mohamed Khaled , Khedr Ali Salah , Fattah Maha Abd El 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Study Design: Prospective study Objective: To report efficacy of unilateral combined stereotactic radiofrequency pallidotomy and thalamotomy for Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.Methods: Between June 2017 to December 2019, 62 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease underwent stereotactic radiofrequency pallidotomy and thalamotomy. Pre-operatively clinical assessment using the UPDRS and Hoen and Yahr scale for PD. Post-operatively clinical assessment using the UPDRS and Hoen and Yahr scale for PD, complications in 1,6,12 and 24 months.Results: 60 patients completed two-year follow-up and fulfilled our criteria were recruited. The mean age was 57.47±9.90. The average UPDRS off motor assessment results showed reduction after 1 month from 60.16 to 30.88 and at 24-month follow-up was 41.6. The average Yahr and Hoen scale 3.63 to 1.19 after 1-month and 24 months was 1.87. The average UPDRS constancy of tremors improved after 1-month from 3.53 to 0.75. Improvement in constancy of tremors reached 75% of cases after 24-month with average 1.62. the average UPDRS rigidity score improved at 1-month follow-up from 3.31 to 1.21. Total improvement of rigidity reached 63% after 24-month. 2 patients had post-operative thalamic hematoma presented with hemiplegia, which was conservatively managed, and improved after 1-month with little deficit. 51.6% had gait imbalance at 6-month follow-up. 22.5% showed dysarthria immediately while 12.9% totally resolved after 1-month follow-up. No recorded cases of infection, CSF leaks or cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Unilateral combined stereotactic radiofrequency pallidotomy and thalamotomy for Idiopathic PD is effective procedure.
Effects Of Acclimation, Population, And Sex On Behavioral Thermoregulation, CTMax, Symptoms Of Heat Stress, And Gene Expression of Melanoplus Differentialis, A Generalist Grasshopper - Does Temporal Thermal Heterogeneity Prepare Populations For A Warming World?
Authors: Preston Devin , Johnson Steven G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Insects thermoregulate using both canalized and plastic mechanisms. Populations of insects utilize these mechanisms to different extents, and while it is posited that the degree of thermal fluctuation a population experiences can determine the optimal combination of mechanisms to utilize, this is still being elucidated. We used three populations of the generalist grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1856), from sites experiencing different degrees of thermal heterogeneity to test for correlations between thermal heterogeneity and 1) behavioral thermoregulation, 2) upper temperature tolerance, 3) the ability to thermally acclimate, and 4) gene expression. We found that 1) behavioral thermoregulation did not differ among sites, 2) CTMax of males, but not females, was higher at more thermally heterogeneous sites, 3) there was acclimation in some of the tested traits, but thermally heterogeneous sites did not always have the most plastic individuals, and 4) there were differences in gene expression among sites, but these differences were not between the most and least thermally heterogeneous sites. We concluded that thermal heterogeneity may play a selective role in some, but not all, of the measured thermoregulatory traits and their plasticity.
Hematological, Biochemical and Biometric Changes in Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Antipsychotic Drug Chlorpromazine
Authors: Okpe Martins Nnamdi , Eze Christabel Chukwuebuka , Ezinwa Hope Chinwe , Aletan Uduak , Kelle Henrietta Ijeoma , Chukwu Maureen N , Okpanachi Martin Abdubala , Aguzie Oscar Ifeanyi , Nwani Christopher Didigwu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a neuroleptic and antipsychotic medication for individuals suffering from schizophrenia and other medical conditions. This study investigated the effects of CPZ on the hematological, biochemical, and biometric characteristics in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to 0.53, 1.06 and 2.11 mgl−1 CPZ for 15 days after which they were withdrawn from the toxicant and allowed to recover for 5 days. Blood were sampled from the fish on day 1, 5, 10, 15 and during the 5-day recovering for hematological and biochemical analysis and thereafter, the fish were sacrificed for the morphometric analysis. While the values of the white blood cells significantly increased in the exposed fish, the hemoglobin, erythrocytes and packed cell volume decreased. Compared with the control, there were no significant differences in the values of the blood derivatives in the exposed fish. The values of protein and glucose reduced but that of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated. Though there was no significant difference in the condition factor, a significant increase in hepatosomatic index occurred on day-15 at 5.28 mg/L CPZ. After the 5-day withdrawal from the drug, most of the studied parameters returned to the control values. The present study indicated that CPZ is toxic to fish and should be used with utmost care to guard against toxicological effect on non-target organisms.
ILRC : A Hybrid Biomarker Discovering Algorithm Based on Improved L1 Regularization and Clustering in Microarray Data
Authors: Yu Kun , Xie Weidong , Wang Linjie , Li Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Finding significant genes or proteins from gene chip data for disease diagnosis and drug development is an important task, and the challenge comes from the curse of the data dimension. It is of great significance to use machine learning methods to find important features from the data and build an accurate classification model. Results: The proposed Mehtod has proved superior to the published advanced hybrid feature selection method and traditional feature selection method on different public microarray data sets. In addition, the results on the cleft lip and palate data set with known biomarkers provided by the cooperative hospital show that compared with other methods, our method can preferentially select these biomarkers. Method: In this paper, a feature selection algorithm ILRC based on clustering and improved L1 regularization is proposed. In this method, the features are first clustered, and the redundant features in the sub-clusters are deleted. Then all the remaining features are iteratively evaluated using ILR, and the final result is output according to the cumulative weight reordering. Conclusion: The proposed method can effectively remove redundant features. The algorithm’s output has high stability and classification accuracy and can potentially select potential biomarkers.
The Network Regulation of Yiqi Jiedu Formulae Against Cerebral Ischemia Based on Central-periphery Inflammation System
Authors: Yang Ruocong , Zhao tingting , Liu Liming , Li Shaojing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Connections between inflammation and gene-network regulation are suggested important in understanding the therapeutic target of stroke and in illuminating underlying mechanism. However, studies on the establishment of network relating with inflammation during stroke process are still in their early stages. Results:Herein, Message RNA chips were used to scan whole genome of stroke-model rats. We selected the inflammation genes from the whole mRNA expression results. And after a series of analysis, we tried to establish a central-peripheral inflammation network on MCAO rice which then be used as disease background network for our further study. As for the background network, we found and verified some key node genes (also named as hub-genes), which are joint in several inflammation and immune related pathways. While mapping genes from treatment group to the background network, we found the promising target genes of Yiqi Jiedu formulae, a traditional chinese prescription used in clinic for stroke, which might give an explanation to the common characteristic about TCM treatment called PK-PD inconsistent. Conclusions:The mRNA network-based analysis provides a foundation for elucidating inflammation-disease associations, a rather promising insight into the inflammation progress during stroke and a novel strategy to reveal the underlying mechanism of TCM.
Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Intrathecal Normal Saline for Prevention of Post Dural Puncture Headache among Women Undergoing Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abate Semagn , Ahmed Siraj , Anbese Getachew Mergia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Post-Dural Puncture Headache is the commonest complication of spinal anesthesia. Body of evidence revealed that Conservative management failed to show significant benefit and epidural needle and catheter techniques didn’t provide conclusive evidence. On the other hand, intrathecal injection of normal saline is a simple technique and cost-effective in a resource-limited setup but it is not well examined on its effectiveness and safety profiles.Methods and materials: After Obtaining Ethical clearance from IRB, 152 mothers scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly into two groups. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were run to see the overall distribution of the study subjects. Unpaired student’s T-test for continuous symmetric data and Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data were used. Categorical data were analyzed with Chi-square and fisher’s exact test where appropriate. A generalized estimating equation model was used to investigate the interaction of repeated measurements of NRS pain scores of PDPH. Result: The overall incidence of PDPH was 29.6% while the proportion of patients who experienced PDPH was the highest among patients with control as compared to intervention( 36.8% vs 22%) respectively. The GEE model revealed that the NRS pain score was 0.7, 0.4, and 0.2 unit higher at 12, 24, and 48 respectively in control as compared to the interventionConclusion: prophylactic intrathecal normal saline could be an option in a resource-limited setup where the appropriate spinal needle is not accessible and management of moderate and severe PDPH is not feasibleRegistration: The protocol was registered prospectively in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04393766).
A Case–Control Study of Tackle-Based Concussion Risk Factors in The National Rugby League
Authors: Gardner Andrew J , Iverson Grant , Edwards Suzi , Tucker Ross 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The tackle is the in-game activity carrying the greatest risk for concussion in Rugby. A recent evaluation of tackle characteristics in Rugby Union precipitated a rule modification to reduce head impact risk during tackles. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in Rugby Union by examining the association between tackle characteristics and head injury events in professional Rugby League.
Methods
We reviewed and coded 446 tackles resulting in a head injury assessment (HIA) and 5,694 tackles that did not result in a head injury from two National Rugby League (NRL) seasons. Tackle height, body position of players, and contact area on an opponent’s body were evaluated, with the propensity of each situation to cause an HIA calculated as HIAs per 1000 events.
Results
The propensity for tacklers to sustain a head injury was 0.99 HIAs per 1000 tackles, 1.74-fold greater than for the ball carrier (0.57 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). There was a 3.2-fold higher risk for an HIA when the tackler was upright compared to bent-at-the-waist. The greatest risk of a tackler HIA occurred when head contact was very low (knee, boot) or high (head and elbow). HIAs were most common following head-to-head impacts. The lowest propensity for tackler HIA was found when the tackler’s head was in proximity with the ball carrier’s torso.
Conclusions
The result of this study replicated the findings in professional rugby union. This has implications for the injury prevention initiatives implemented to reduce HIA risk because the majority of injuries are sustained by the player initiating the action.
Effects of Early Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Administration and its Subsequent Withdrawal on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Pig Model
Authors: Hou Lei , Cao Shuting , Qiu Yueqin , Xiong Yunxia , Xiao Hao , Wen Xiaolu , Yang Xuefen , Gao Kaiguo , Wang Li , Jiang Zongyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic exposure in early life has shown to be a significant risk factor for later fat accumulation in human. However, whether early sub-therapeutic antibiotic (STA) exposure affects body composition and its mechanisms remains unclear. The present study used a combination of comparative slaughter method, microbiota, and metabolomics measurement to investigate the effects of early STA administration and its subsequent withdrawal on body composition, colonic microbiota and metabolite profiles in a pig model. The piglets were fed the same basal starter diet added with STA (STA) or without STA (CON) for two weeks during the administration period, and then all piglets were switched to the same nursery diet without STA during the withdrawal period until they reached approximately 25 kg body weight. Results: Results showed that STA did not significantly improve piglet growth performance during the administration period and the withdrawal period. Piglets treated with the STA had a lower body water deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period, and tended to have increased body lipid deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period and the whole period than CON group. It was found that STA was initially effective in decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria during the administration period, such as Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Solobacterium, and Sutterella. However, they could not continue the effect during the withdrawal period, leading to the rebound of pathogenic bacteria such as Alloprevotella and the increase of the abundance of other pathogenic bacteria like Oscillibacter. Remarkably, STA treatment decreased the abundance of Blautia that play a potential protective role against obesity either during the administration period or the withdrawal period. Metabolomic analysis indicated that STA mainly altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism during the two periods. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the gut microbiota was highly correlated with microbial metabolites changes. Conclusion: These results suggest that STA administration may alter tissue deposition through reshaping the gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles.
The Effect of Different Levels of Protein Supplementation in Rations on Feed Consumption, Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Anatolian Buffaloes of Different Ages [Bubalus Bubalis (Iinnaeus, 1758)].
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU Taşkın 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, it was aimed to determine the optimal crude protein level in the ration for milk production and milk composition in milk buffaloes of different ages.Materials, Methods & Results A total of 20 Anatolian buffaloes were used as animal material.Buffalo cows were tested in the early lactation period (lactation period; 65-80 days).Water buffaloes are divided into four groups as young and adult; First, second groups (those who gave birth to the first), third and fourth groups (those who gave birth to the second and more).5 compartments are allocated for each group.In the trial, buffalo cows with two different trial rations R1; (17.82% CP) and R2; (19.18% CP) were fed.Especially during the experiment, the total DM consumption of adult buffaloes in group 4 and group 3 increased when compared with young buffaloes (p <0.05). As a result of the research, the milk yield values determined in milk buffaloes fed with the R2 ration were found to be higher than the values found in milk buffaloes fed with the R1 ration (6.34-5.64kg / day) (p <0.05).However, the effect of R1 and R2 rations on milk production was similar in young buffaloes (4.22-4.36 kg / day) (p> 0.05).