bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolasi Jamur Tanah dari Muara Sungai di Desa Kilensari Kecamatan Panarukan Serta Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fajriyanti Amrina Rosyada , Triatmoko Bawon , Nugraha Ari Satia 
Published: July 2021

<p><span lang="EN-US">Kasus infeksi oleh bakteri menjadi sepuluh besar kasus yang mengakibatkan kematian di Indonesia dengan persentase 9,5 %. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat untuk mengatasi masalah infeksi dapat menyebabkan resistensi antibakteri. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, banyak dilakukan pengembangan terhadap agen-agen antibakteri. Banyak penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri dapat ditemukan pada mikroorganisme dalam tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan penelusuran dan isolasi fungi tanah muara di Desa Kilensari Kecamatan Panarukan serta skrining aktivitas antibakteri terhadap <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh kan<a name="_GoBack"></a>didat antibakteri yang potensial<em>.</em>Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan aktivitas antibakteri pada penelitian ini yaitu metode mikrodilusi berdasarkan protokol <em>Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute </em>tahun 2015. Hasil yang diperoleh dari tahap isolasi yaitu 6 isolat fungi tanah yang diberi kode IS-PN-A1, IS-PN-A2, IS-PN-T1, IS-PN-T2, IS-PN-B1 dan IS-PN-B2. Isolat yang didapatkan dilakukan skrining awal uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode ujikontak langsung dengan bakteri <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa. </em>Zona bening yang terbentuk menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri dari isolat. Isolat fungi tanah muara kemudian dilakukan proses fermentasi untuk memproduksi metabolit sekunder. Hasil fermentasi di lakukan proses ekstraksi menggunakan etil asetat yang nantinya ekstrak akan digunakan dalam uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode mikrodilusi. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa fungi tanah muara sungai Desa Kilensari Kecamatan Panarukan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</em> Persen penghambatan fungi tanah muara dengan nama isolat IS-PN-A1 menghasilkan persen penghambatan sebesar 74,8±2,4%; IS-PN-A2 33,2±7,0%; IS-PN-T1 70,2±4,8%; IS-PN-T2 53,1±3,6%; IS-PN-B1 29,7±4,0%; IS-PN-B2 45,8±2,1 %. </span></p>
Aktivitas Imunomodulator Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi buah Talok (Muntingia calabura L.) pada Sel RAW 264.7
Authors: Sujono Tanti Azizah , Kusumowati Ika Trisharyanti Dian , Munawaroh Rima 
Published: July 2021

<p>Buah talok (<em>Muntingia</em><em> calabura</em> L) secara empiris telah diketahui mempunyai banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan, diantaranya adalah sebagai imunomodulator. Namun mekanisme aksinya sebagai imunomodulator belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek imunomodulator ekstrak metanolik dan fraksi buah talok pada sel makrofag RAW 264.7. Sel RAW 264.7 diberi perlakuan dengan ekstrak metanolik buah talok (EMBT), fraksi heksan buah talok (FHBT), fraksi diklorometana buah talok (FDBT), fraksi etil asetat buah talok (FEABT) serta kelompok kontrol sel (KS), kontrol lipopolisakarida (LPS) dan deksametason. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan metode <em>MTT</em> <em>assay</em> dilanjutkan isolasi RNA, pembuatan cDNA dan PCR. Level ekspresi mRNA dari gen-gen seperti toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), interferon (IFN)-ɣ, interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α pada sel RAW 264.7 yang diinduksi lipopolisakarida (LPS) dianalisis dengan metode reverse transcription-PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deksametason menghambat ekspresi iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4, IFN- ɣ dan NF-kB dibandingkan dengan kontrol sel dan LPS. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa deksametason mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi. Ekstrak metanolik (EMBT) dan fraksi buah talok (FHBT, FDBT dan FEABT) menurunkan ekspresi gen iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN- ɣ dan NF-kB jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol sel dan LPS, hal ini menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antiinflamasi. Ekstrak metanolik dan fraksi buah talok mempunyai aktivitas imunomodulator melalui penghambatan inflamasi dengan menurunkan ekspresi gen iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN- ɣ dan NF-kB pada sel RAW 264.7 yang diinduksi LPS. </p>
Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Residents of the Siberian Region (According to Epidemiological Studies)
Authors: Artamonova G. V. , Maksimov S. A. , Tsygankova D. P. , Bazdyrev E. D. , Indukaeva E. V. , Mulerova T. A. , Shapovalova E. B. , Agienko A. S. , Nakhratova O. V. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To analyze prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Kemerovo region based on the results of epidemiological studies (2013 and 2016).Material and methods. The study was based on two large epidemiological studies of the Kemerovo region: on 2013, «The epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the Russian Federation» and on 2016, «The prospective study of urban and rural epidemiology: study of the influence of social factors on chronic non-infectious diseases in low, middle and high income countries». In the study we analyzed cardiovascular risk factors using identical questionnaires, functional, anthropometric, biochemical means and measured on identical scales. As a result, we analyzed the prevalence of smoking, diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL).Results. Univariate analysis indicates that in the sample of 2016, compared to the sample of 2013, the prevalence of smoking is statistically significantly lower, as well as the proportion of participants with high cholesterol levels, but not taking lipid-lowering drugs. In contrast, the prevalence of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is higher. In women, the frequency of abdominal obesity on 2016 is lower than on 2013: at 35-44 age group odds ratio (OR) =0.67 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-1.03, at 45-54 age group OR =0.47 with 95% CI 0.31-0.72, 55-65 age group OR =0.49 with 95% CI 0.30-0.79. A high incidence of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is characteristic mainly of older women (55-65 age group): accordingly, OR =1.96 with 95% CI 1.19-3.22, OR =1.42 with 95% CI 1,02-1.97, OR =1.51 at 95% CI 1.08-2.12. In the 45-54 age group of men, they smoked statistically significantly less often on 2016 compared to 2013, OR =0.59 with 95% CI 0.36-0.96. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in both samples is the same: for women, the OR for overweight in different age groups is within 0.74-0.87, for men - within 0.95-1.78; for obesity OR in women is from 0.70 to 0.79, in men - from 1.03 to 1.34.Conclusion. A significant advantage of the study is the analysis of changes in prevalence in age and gender groups, which showed significant differences in the dynamics of men and women in different age categories for a number of risk factors. Analysis of the dynamics of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of state and regional policies in the field of health protection and, first of all, "risk groups” that require closer attention, development and implementation of targeted health-saving technologies.
New Possibilities in Quantitative Assessment of Albuminuria in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sokolova A. A. , Skripka A. I. , Ivanov I. I. , Kogay V. V. , Listratov A. I. , Gindis A. A. , Napalkov D. A. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To evaluate the relationship between albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) in a single and 24-hours urine spots and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression pace in patients with atrial fibrillation, CKD and diabetes mellitus.Material and methods. 60 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and CKD were enrolled, study duration was 15 months. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of DM. Total number of ACR tests was 170, dynamics of CKD progression was estimated with CKD-EPI formula for first visit and 15th month’s follow-up.Results. The median score of CHA2DS2VASс scale was 4 [3;5]. The risk of hemorrhagic complications in both groups was low (median score 1 [1;1]. There is a strong statistically significant correlation between ACR in a single and 24-hours urine spots (p<0.001). No significant changes in kidney function within 15 months were found (GFR 53 [46;59] ml/min/1.73 m2 vs 50.5 [45.63] ml/min/1.73 m2 for patients with diabetes mellitus [DM] [p=0.94] and GFR 52.5 [46.58] ml/min/1.73 m2 vs 50 [44.58] ml/min/1.73 m2 for patients without DM [p=0.711]). When comparing the renal function of patients with and without DM after 15 months statistically significant differences were also not found (p = 0.510).Conclusion. In respect that assessment of single sample ACR is much more practical and reliable, this method might replace traditional 24-hours urine assessment in future. However, due to the small sample size and the presence of wide discrepancies in individual cases, which can be associated with preanalytical errors in urine collection, large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the obtained data.
Prisons and COVID-19 Spread in the United States
Authors: Sims Kaitlyn M. , Foltz Jeremy , Skidmore Marin Elisabeth 
Published: July 2021

Objectives. To empirically evaluate the relationship between presence of a state or federal prison and COVID-19 case and death counts. Methods. We merged data on locations of federal and state prisons and of local and county jails with daily case and death counts in the United States. We used a selection-on-observables design to estimate the correlation between prisons and COVID-19 spread, controlling for known correlates of COVID-19. Results. We found empirical evidence that the presence and capacities of prisons are strong correlates of county-level COVID-19 case counts. The presence of a state or federal prison in a county corresponded with a 9% increase in the COVID-19 case count during the first wave of the pandemic, ending July 1, 2020. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the public health implications of these facilities extend beyond the health of employees and incarcerated individuals, and policymakers should explicitly consider the public health concerns posed by these facilities when developing pandemic-response policy.
Temporal Trends in Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Warren Jared A. , Manrique-Succar Jorge , Molloy Robert M. , Barsoum Wael K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
An overall assessment of how patient demographic characteristics and comorbidities are improving or worsening can allow better understanding of the value of revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify patient demographic characteristics and comorbidities trends and episode-of-care outcome trends from 2008 to 2018 in patients undergoing revision TJA.

Methods:
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify patient demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and episode-of-care outcomes in patients undergoing revision TJA from 2008 to 2018 (n = 45,706). Pairwise t tests and pairwise chi-square tests were performed on consecutive years with Bonferroni correction. Trends were assessed using the 2-tailed Mann-Kendall test of the temporal trend.

Results:
Among patients undergoing revision TJA, there was no clinically important difference, from 2008 to 2018, in age, body mass index (BMI), percentages with >40 kg/m2 BMI, diabetes (18.8% to 19%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.1% to 5.4%), congestive heart failure within 30 days (0% to 1%), or acute renal failure (0% to 0.2%). However, modifiable comorbidities including smoking status (14.7% to 12.0%; p = 0.01), hypertension (66% to 26.0%; p = 0.02), anemia (34.5% to 26.3%; p < 0.001), malnutrition (10.4% to 9.3%; p = 0.004), and overall morbidity or mortality probability have improved, with a decrease in the hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission and a significant increase in home discharge (p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions:
Time-difference analysis demonstrated that the overall health status of patients undergoing revision TJA improved from 2008 to 2018. However, formal time-trend analysis demonstrated improvements to a lesser degree. The multidisciplinary effort to improve value-based metrics including patient comorbidity optimization and episode-of-care outcomes for primary TJA has been shown to potentially have an impact on revision TJA.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sternoclavicular Septic Arthritis Caused by Cutibacterium acnes in a Previously Healthy 13-Year-Old Male
Authors: Reid Risa , McKnight R. Randall , Secrist Eric , Clark Christian 
Published: July 2021

Case:
A 13-year-old boy presented with 3 weeks of atraumatic left-sided sternoclavicular (SC) joint pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion. After imaging and laboratory workup, he underwent operative irrigation, debridement, and antibiotic therapy with complete resolution of his symptoms. Surgical cultures were consistent with SC septic arthritis.

Conclusion:
The management of septic arthritis in pediatric patients remains varied. Here, we present the only report of SC septic arthritis due to Cutibacterium acnes in a healthy pediatric patient. Given the similar clinical findings of pain and swelling to affected bones and joints, differentiating SC septic arthritis from other conditions within the clinical spectrum of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis remains challenging. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion when patients present with pain and swelling over the SC joint.
Articular Surface Failure of a Hybrid Anatomic Glenoid Component
Authors: Yoon Joo Hee , Marigi Erick M. , Crowe Matthew M. , Ortiguera Cedric J. , Schoch Bradley S. 
Published: July 2021

Case:
We present a case of a 71-year-old woman with history of left-sided shoulder arthritis who underwent standard total shoulder arthroplasty using a novel hybrid glenoid component. After 3 years, she sustained traumatic dissociation of the interface between the polyethylene face and central titanium post, a unique failure mechanism of the hybrid glenoid component. This was successfully corrected through conversation to reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Follow-up after 2 years demonstrated marked improvement in pain and function.

Conclusion:
Hybrid glenoid components present a unique failure mechanism as compared to traditional glenoid loosening and can be effectively corrected with RSA.
Nonoperative Treatment of a Fractured Uncemented Extensively Coated Femoral Stem
Authors: Schneider Andrew M. , Brown Nicholas M. , Hopkinson William J. 
Published: July 2021

Case:
A 62-year-old man who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) 17 years earlier presented with a fractured uncemented extensively coated diaphyseal engaging femoral stem. Treatment options, including revision surgery, were discussed, and the patient elected for nonoperative treatment. At 2 years of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, radiographs are stable, and he lives an active lifestyle without restrictions.

Conclusion:
Fractures of well-fixed femoral prostheses are rare complications of THA and almost universally require revision surgery. Nonoperative treatment without activity restrictions may be a viable treatment option in select patients to preserve function and maintain quality of life.
Incidental Finding of a Thorn in the Left Knee Joint of an Amateur Football Player and Arthroscopic Removal
Authors: Rai Saroj , Humagain Vaskar , Khakurel Sharad , Marasini Rudra Prasad , Sherchan Binod 
Published: July 2021

Case:
A 19-year-old male amateur footballer was referred to our center with complaints of relapsing and remitting pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion of the left knee. History, radiological, and laboratory findings were unrevealing, except for chronic synovitis. On arthroscopy, a 3.3 × 0.3-cm thorn was found embedded in the anteromedial aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament and was carefully removed. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion:
The foreign body must be considered as differential diagnoses in players presenting with unilateral chronic synovitis of the knee. Knee arthroscopy is the gold standard for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes when the history is unclear, and radiological investigations are inconclusive.
Current Orthopaedic Residency Letters of Recommendation Are Not Biased by Gender of Applicant
Authors: Lipa Shaina A. , Greene Nattaly E. , Le Hai V. , White Augustus A. , Gebhardt Mark C. , Dyer George S.M. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Letters of recommendation (LORs) are highly influential in the residency selection process. Differences in language and length of LORs by gender have been demonstrated for applicants applying to surgical residencies and fellowships. This had yet to be studied in orthopaedic surgery. Given the gender disparity in the field, we sought to investigate the impact of gender on orthopaedic residency applicant LORs. We hypothesized that differences in length and language would be present for women applicants as compared to men.

Methods:
LORs for 2019 to 2020 applicants who applied to a single academic institution were selected for review. Female and male applicants were matched by medical school attended and United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 score. LORs were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Letters were evaluated for their word count, presence of language terms, and frequency of language terms. A similar subgroup language analysis was performed for standardized LORs (SLORs).

Results:
Six hundred fifty-six applicants met the initial screening criteria—126 women and 530 men. After matching, 71 female applicants were paired with 111 male applicants. Word count was, on average, longer for female applicants. LORs for female applicants were more likely to contain language terms that characterized their ability, achievement, participation in athletics, awards received, fit, leadership, and personality traits. Of these terms, ability and participation in athletics were also found more frequently in LORs written for women. In addition, language characterizing technical skills was found more frequently in LORs of female applicants. Similar codes were found to be statistically significant in the SLOR subgroup analysis.

Conclusion:
This study highlights that current orthopaedic surgery residency LORs do not appear to be biased by applicant gender. LORs were longer for female applicants and described them more positively. Future female orthopaedic residency applicants should be assured that current female candidates are applying with at least similar if not greater subjective qualifications to their male counterparts based on the findings of this study.
Changes in Lumbosacral Anatomy and Vertebral Numbering in Patients with Thoracolumbar and/or Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae
Authors: Tatara Yasunori , Niimura Takanori , Sekiya Tatsuhiro , Mihara Hisanori 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The presence of a thoracolumbar transitional vertebra (TLTV) and/or lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) may cause wrong-site surgery and problems while measuring spinopelvic parameters, including pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis. The Castellvi classification of LSTV addresses coronal images but not sagittal or axial images. Therefore, it is unclear how LSTV differs from the normal lumbosacral anatomy. We aimed to investigate the lumbosacral anatomy and vertebral numbering in patients with TLTV and/or LSTV. We performed computed tomography (CT) to identify TLTV, to number presacral vertebrae accurately, and to analyze morphological differences in each LSTV type.

Methods:
The medical records of 880 patients who underwent spinopelvic fixation between July 2014 and March 2020 were evaluated for TLTV and LSTV. Castellvi LSTVs (above the promontory on the arcuate line of the ilium) and our newly proposed LSTV (“S6 LSTV,” with 6 sacral vertebrae and 5 foramina below the promontory) were analyzed. The anatomical location of the lowest thoracic vertebra was defined, and TLTV with dysplastic ribs was identified. Each LSTV type was examined for its morphological features on sagittal and axial CT images.

Results:
LSTV was observed in 111 (12.6%) of 880 patients. Castellvi type-III LSTV was the most common (42 [37.8%] of 111), followed by S6 LSTV (37 [33.3%] of 111). TLTV was associated with LSTV (87 [78.4%] of 111) and was commonly identified at T13 (59 [67.8%] of 87). On sagittal CT images, the lumbosacral transitional anatomy of Castellvi LSTVs resembled that of normal L5-S1, and the lumbosacral transitional anatomy of S6 LSTV resembled that of normal S1-S2. When comparing the S1 upper segments on axial CT images, most Castellvi LSTVs exhibited S2-like appearances and most S6 LSTVs exhibited L5-like appearances.

Conclusions:
Although LSTV possesses L5 and S1 features, Castellvi LSTVs have more L5 elements than S1 elements. The converse is true for S6 LSTV. At least for the Castellvi type-IIIb LSTV, the vertebra below the Castellvi type-IIIb LSTV should be recognized as S1, but clinically it is better to recognize it as S2. Overlooking TLTV may cause problems in vertebral numbering due to coexisting LSTV.

Clinical Relevance:
Three-dimensional CT images are suitable for detecting transitional vertebrae. This study reveals their morphological features on axial CT images and their lumbosacral anatomy on sagittal CT images.
Tectonic–sedimentary interplay of a confined deepwater system in a foreland basin setting: the Pennsylvanian lower Atoka Formation, Ouachita Mountains, U.S.A.
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Wood Lesli J. , Jobe Zane R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Submarine fans deposited in structurally complex settings record important information on basin evolution and tectonic–sedimentary relationships but are often poorly preserved in outcrops due to syndepositional and post depositional deformation. This study aims to understand the influence of tectonics on the deposition of the synorogenic Pennsylvanian lower Atoka submarine fan system deposited in a structurally complex foreland basin during the Ouachita orogeny. This study is a synthesis of new outcrop stratigraphic data as well as published stratigraphic and structural data. The lower Atoka crops out in the Ouachita Mountains and the southern Arkoma Basin and is divided into three structural–depositional zones: the foredeep, the wedge top, and the continental foreland. The mean paleoflow is axial, and each zone exhibits unique patterns in facies distribution. The foredeep consists of two fan systems, a large westward-prograding fan that exhibits significant longitudinal and lateral facies changes, and a small eastward-prograding fan on the western part. The wedge top consists of a westward-prograding fan that exhibits subtle longitudinal facies change. The continental foreland consists of small slope fan systems along the northern and western margins. By comparing to basin morphology and structural styles, we interpret the facies distribution patterns in the three zones as the result of different combinations of lateral structural confinement, axial and lateral sediment supply, and paleogeography. This study provides an improved and comprehensive understanding of the lower Atoka deepwater system and has implications for deciphering the tectonic–sedimentary relationships in laterally confined submarine fan systems.