bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Collection: The Top Political Ads in American History
Authors: Franz Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Political ads are much decried by voters, but campaigns know that they are critical means of reaching constituents and making direct claims about the positive and negatives of candidates on the ballot. Political ads are most common on television, in 30-second bites. But increasingly campaigns are turning to social media to spread paid messages. While these social media ads will become more common in cycles-to-come, how can we assess the scope of ads that have aired across the many decades of modern elections? Which ones have stood the test of time? This collection highlights 61 ads from 1754 to spring 2020, determined from feedback by experts in the field in a previous study published in Advertising & Society Quarterly . The editors of Advertising & Society Quarterly hope that this collection can be helpful to analyze and reflect on the role of political advertising in society, culture, history, and the economy.
Multi-wavelength radiometric thermometry data processing algorithm based on the BFGS algorithm
Authors: Yu Kun , Guo Huige , Zhang Kaihua , Liu Yanlei , Liu Yufang 
Published: February 2021

Multi-wavelength radiometric thermometry has a wide application prospect in many fields. However, due to unknown emissivity, the data processing algorithm remains a difficult problem. The Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm is proposed to inverse true temperature and spectral emissivity without assuming the emissivity model. The BFGS algorithm can automatically identify the emissivity models of different trends. These simulation results show that given different initial emissivity has no significant influence on the inverse temperature and emissivity. Then, we select 0.5 as the initial emissivity and carry out the simulation experiments at 800 and 900 K, respectively. The maximum absolute error of temperature is less than 3.5 K and the computation time is less than 0.2 s. Thus, the algorithm has high precision and efficiency. Finally, the verification experiment indicates that the BFGS algorithm is effective and reliable. The proposed method can be applied to real-time temperature measurement in many industrial processes.
Tunable peak power square-wave pulse based on an all-PM thulium-doped mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Han Long , Wang Tianshu , Song Guangbin , Ma Wanzhuo , Fu Qiang , Yang Qiaochu , Liu Xianzhu , Guo Yanyan , Jiang Huilin 
Published: February 2021

Nanosecond dissipative soliton resonance pulse is a demonstration of an all polarization-maintaining (PM) thulium-doped fiber laser in a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM)-based figure-eight configuration. Each loop of the apparatus includes a controllable power amplifier. With increased amplifier power, pulse width broadens linearly from 3.6 to 13.5 ns, and maximum single pulse energy can reach 27.5 nJ. Interestingly, the output peak power presents two completely opposite proportional effects in terms of the variation of settings for two amplifiers, respectively. The experimental results show that the NALM loop plays an important role for tunable pulse duration, and the unidirectional ring part makes a significant contribution for power scaling.
Robust hybrid laser linewidth reduction using Si3N4-based subwavelength hole defect assisted microring reflector
Authors: Li Jiachen , Zhang Baoyu , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei , Chen Minghua 
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a hybrid laser with a low intrinsic linewidth of 34.2 Hz and a high fiber-coupled output power of 11.7 dBm, by coupling a

Si

3

N

4

-based subwavelength hole defect assisted microring reflector (SHDA-MRR) to a commercially available distributed feedback semiconductor laser. The proposed SHDA-MRR structure features an accurately controlled reflection response, with the manipulated modal coupling between two degenerate counterpropagating modes induced by a subwavelength hole defect embedded in the microring waveguide. With further joint optimization of cavity parameters, this

Si

3

N
4

SHDA-MRR structure is expected to reduce the laser intrinsic linewidth to a sub-hertz level. This work explores a low-cost and robust linewidth reduction scheme for the applications of high-speed coherent optical communications systems and high-resolution optical metrology.
Microvascular flow alterations in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A prospective study
Authors: Abou-Arab Osama , Beyls Christophe , Khalipha Abdelilah , Guilbart Mathieu , Huette Pierre , Malaquin Stéphanie , Lecat Benoit , Macq Pierre-Yves , Roger Pierre Alexandre , Haye Guillaume , Bernasinski Michaël , Besserve Patricia , Soriot-Thomas Sandrine , Jounieaux Vincent , Dupont Hervé , Mahjoub Yazine 
Published: February 2021

Background
Data on microcirculatory pattern of COVID-19 critically ill patients are scarce. The objective was to compare sublingual microcirculation parameters of critically ill patients according to the severity of the disease.

Methods
The study is a single-center prospective study with critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in ICU. Sublingual microcirculation was assessed by IDF microscopy within 48 hours of ICU admission. Microcirculatory flow index (MFI), proportion of perfused vessel (PPV), total vessel density (TVD), De Backer score (DBS), perfused vessel density (PVD) and heterogeneity index (HI) were assessed. Patients were divided in 2 groups (severe and critical) according to the World health organization definition.

Findings
From 19th of March to 7th of April 2020, 43 patients were included. Fourteen patients (33%) were in the severe group and twenty-nine patients (67%) in the critical group. Patients in the critical group were all mechanically ventilated. The critical group had significantly higher values of MFI, DBS and PVD in comparison to severe group (respectively, PaCO2: 49 [44–45] vs 36 [33–37] mmHg; p<0,0001, MFI: 2.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.5 ± 0.3; p = 0.001, DBS: 12.7 ± 2.6 vs 10.8 ± 2.0 vessels mm-2; p = 0.033, PVD: 12.5 ± 3.0 vs 10.1 ± 2.4 mm.mm-2; p = 0.020). PPV, HI and TVD were similar between groups Correlation was found between microcirculatory parameters and PaCO2 levels.

Conclusion
Critical COVID-19 patients under mechanical ventilation seem to have higher red blood cell velocity than severe non-ventilated patients.
The presence of microorganisms in follicular fluid and its effect on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment cycles
Authors: Usman Safiyya Faruk , Shuaibu Ibraheem Rais , Durojaiye Korede , Medugu Nubwa , Iregbu Kenneth Chukwuemeka 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo determine if the presence of microorganisms in follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) adversely affects the outcome of the treatment cycles.MethodsFollicular fluid was collected from 86 women enrolled for IVF-ET at the National Hospital, Abuja from June 1, 2018 to December 1, 2018. Microscopy imaging and cultures were performed to identify bacteria and fungi in the follicular fluid and the vagina. Women with follicular fluid microorganisms were the test group while the controls were those without follicular fluid microorganisms. Fertilization and pregnancy rates were subsequently determined and their association with the presence of follicular fluid microorganisms was assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsThe mean age and mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants were 35(± 3.5) years and 28(± 4.9) kg/m2respectively. Bacteria and fungi were isolated in 17% of the follicular fluid samples collected (n = 15/86). Most common isolates were Streptococcus spp. (n = 4/15),Staphylococcus aureus(n = 7/15), Enterococcus spp. (n = 4/15), Lactobacillus species (n = 2/15) andCandida albicans(n = 2/15). There was no statistically significant difference in the fertilization rates (adjusted odds ratio [AdjOR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–7.34; P = 0.10) and pregnancy rates (AdjOR 4.02, 95% CI 0.56–28.92; P = 0.19) between the group of women with positive follicular fluid bacterial /fungal colonization as compared against those with negative follicular fluid colonization.ConclusionIsolation of microorganisms from follicular fluid did not adversely affect fertilization and pregnancy rates following IVF-ET treatment cycles at the fertility centre of National Hospital, Abuja.
Telemedicine experience of NYC Internal Medicine residents during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chiu Chia-Yu , Sarwal Amara , Jawed Muzamil , Chemarthi Venkata Sireesha , Shabarek Nehad 
Published: February 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the resilience of public health, including diagnostic testing, antiviral development and transmission prevention. In addition, it also affected the medical education of many residents and learners throughout the country. Historically, physicians undergoing their residency training were not involved in telemedicine. However, in response to the challenges faced due to COVID-19, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) released a provision in May 2020 to allow residents to participate in telemedicine.

Method
Lincoln Medical Center, located in the South Bronx of New York City, currently has 115 Internal Medicine residents, and telemedicine clinic visits have been conducted by residents since June 2020. An anonymous 25-question survey was sent to all Internal Medicine residents between August 8, 2020 to August 14, 2020.

Result
Of 115 residents, 95 (82.6% of the residents) replied to this questionnaire. Residents revealed feeling less confident in managing chronic diseases through telemedicine visits. The survey also shows that 83.1% of respondents prefer in-person visits during their training, 65.3% feel that the telemedicine experience will affect their future career choice, and 67.4% would prefer less than 50% of visits to be telemedicine in their future careers.

Outcome
The purpose of the new ACGME rules allowing telemedicine was to prevent the undertraining of residents and maintain health care for the patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This affects residency training and the experiences of residents, which in turn can influence their future career plans.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Hepatitis B and HIV Coinfection With Resultant Liver Failure
Authors: Blaney Hanna , Thotakura Deepthi , Sisco Lauren 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of excessive immune activation frequently attributed to infection. We report a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to hepatitis B in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection and subsequent liver failure.
Ensuring Quality Safety in Schools: A Participatory Action Research Approach
Authors: Mabade Avhurengwi Samson 
Published: February 2021

The focus of this article is on the quality safety in Schools. Although safety in schools is a worldwide problem, in South Africa this seems to be getting worse for they are broken into, vandalized and set alight in vast majority. Taking a heed to around 1600 number of schools robbed, vandalized and torched during this frustrating and terrifying period of COVID -19, one would agree that schools are not protected. People seemed to have lost ethics and ownership towards schools. Schools appeared to be the safest place as well as conducive for study in the previous decades. Safety school promotes social and creative learning. Schools are robbed their groceries, equipments including computers and other paraphernalia for learning and teaching support. On the 10th July 2020, four schools in Limpopo Province had been broken into and all groceries were robbed at a gun point.
Taking a number of instances into consideration, which occurred before horrifying situation of Covid-19, one would see a need for an investigation. Although schools are advised to establish tight and quality security fence, school equipments and groceries are still not safe. There is a variety of literature which focused on the roles of teachers, administrators and students in creating safe schools. For this study, the researcher focused on the role of Community towards ensuring quality safety in school as a Community resource. Therefore it is the Community’s obligation to ensure quality safety in Schools. Community needs to develop strategies to ensure safety in Schools for their children. In this study, the researcher established a model which is Community Support Team versus School Support Team.
Therefore the researcher adopted a Participatory Action Research Approach to empower Community to strategize for ensuring quality safety in Schools. The researcher employed qualitative technique to collect data from the community members around four selected schools in a rural area.
EFFECTS OF SLUM UPGRADING ON SECURITY MANAGMENT IN SOWETO SLUMS, ROYSAMBU SUB-COUNTY IN NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: Metobo Evans 
Published: February 2021

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis to explore the effects of slum upgrading on security management in Soweto slums, Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives to establish social effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; to examine the economic effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; and to establish the challenges of security management in the slum upgrading programme for Kahawa Soweto Slums. The study adopted a descriptive research design and random sampling to select 318 respondents (main respondents) and 10 Key informants (K.I). Questionnaire was the main method of data collection while interview was used to collect data from K.I. Data collected was organized, and systematically interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages.
This study established the relationship between slum setting and rise of crime and insecurity in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya with 69.2% of respondents agreeing to this count. According to this study, poor roads, high poverty levels, low education levels, poor spatial designs/environmental design of slum area and housing, absence of police station and poor lighting predisposed the slum dwellers to crime and insecurity. According to this study slum upgrade will reduce crime and insecurity, given that special aspects such as improvement in spatial designs/environmental design of urban areas and housing with enhanced modern lighting will significantly reduce crime in slums by eliminating criminogenic and insecurity risk factors. Additionally, improved economic effects of slum upgrading on slum dwellers would build resilience to crime and insecurity. This includes; Job creation, provision of educational facilities such as vocational training institutes (polytechnics), basic education institutions (primary and secondary schools) as well as other skills enhancement institutions. Community empowerment aimed at income generating activities, construction of police station to provide security to the slum dwellers (77%), and construction of better roads (55.3%) were recommended to reduce crime and improved security management in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya.
The Impact of Emerging Wireless Network System and Cybersecurity in A Global Community
Authors: Ele Bassey , Adinya Odey John , I. O Obono, 
Published: February 2021

Wireless network systems and cybersecurity threats are growing faster than their mitigation measures. World Economic Forum has identified wireless network security and cybersecurity threats as its top global risks for the past eight years. This paper aims to critically examine the impact of emerging wireless network systems and cybersecurity in a global community and suggest some best countermeasures against wireless and cybersecurity threats that have been of global concern. To achieve this, the study conducted an in-depth review of wireless network security and cybersecurity. This study has presented a robust wireless security mechanism and suggests appropriate countermeasure against wireless network and cybersecurity threats that is more cost-effective in mounting attacks in the service area, and simultaneously providing higher security than basic security mechanisms.
Did the FED React to Asset Price Bubbles?
Authors: Luik Marc-Andre , Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates whether the Federal Reserve Bank (FED) reacted to asset price bubbles before the Great Recession and whether this affected macroeconomic variables. We estimate a DSGE model featuring a financial accelerator and a process for asset price bubbles with different Taylor-rule specifications. We find that a Taylor-rule with a feedback to Tobin’s Q and bubble shocks fits best. Our findings suggest that the FED followed a cleaning rather than a leaning approach prior to the global financial crisis (GFC). Then, we perform a counterfactual analysis and show that this policy created a lower interest rate prior to the GFC compared to a standard Taylor-rule without feedback to financial variables.
Accelerated aging of WPCs Based on Polypropylene and Birch plywood Sanding Dust
Authors: Kajaks Janis , Kalnins Karlis , Matvejs Juris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A lot of researchers are closely related with natural, lignocellulose fibre containing bio-composites production and studies. Various of polymer matrices, mainly polyolefins, combinations with natural fibres as a reinforcement are used. Our studies are focused on polypropylene based bio-composites containing birch plywood production by-product sanding dust (PSD) accelerated weathering processes. The obtained results showed the following sight. After the aging the surface of all samples had faded, the changes of the gloss (decreasing) and of the whiteness degree (increasing) also had taken place, but microhardness of the surface of specimens significantly has decreased. The tensile strength and modulus of the samples after UV aging diminished about 30–35%. That indicates to the changes not only in the surface layers of polymer but also inside of the polymer structure. The FTIR measurements showed that during UV aging process occurs significant changes of chemical structure of the weathered surface of all samples. DSC measurements showed an increase of degree of crystallinity of the weathered polypropylene composites after the first heating due to the recrystallization process in the polypropylene matrix and a small decreasing after second heating. The melting temperatures of all composites after UV aging considerably diminish up to 30°C.
Study of the population in terms of knowledge about the distance between vehicles in motion
Authors: Olejnik Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

Summary
When using vehicles on the road, road users are exposed to accidents. The human factor contributes greatly to their occurrence. The article presents pilot studies on the state of knowledge of drivers referring to maintaining the necessary distance behind the preceding vehicle in road traffic. The state of knowledge governing applicable law in the field of distance between vehicles was also examined. They were carried out by a group of employees using road transport and students. Even with the new technical devices which determine distance, in addition to the lack of knowledge of drivers in the discussed area, dangers of hitting a preceding vehicle in extreme situations still exist. These are activities in the area of the active safety system in the operation of vehicles in road traffic. The conclusions indicate the need to conduct management training and to amend the provisions in the applicable road traffic law.
Comparison of P- and As-core-modified porphyrins with the parental porphyrin: a computational study
Authors: Kuznetsov Aleksey E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The first comparative DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) study of the Zn-porphyrin and its two derivatives, ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4, is reported. For all three species studied, ZnP, ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4, the singlet was calculated to be the lowest-energy structure and singlet-triplet gap was found to decrease from ca. 41—42 kcal/mol for N to ca. 17—18 kcal/mol for P and to ca. 10 kcal/mol for As. Both ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4 were calculated to attain very pronounced bowl-like shapes. The frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) of the core-modified porphyrins are quite similar to the ZnP frontier MOs. For the HOMO-2 of the core-modified porphyrins due to the ZnP(P)4/ZnP(As)4 bowl-like shapes we might suppose the existence of “internal” electron delocalization inside the ZnP(P)4/ZnP(As)4 “bowls”. Noticeable reduction of the HOMO/LUMO gaps was calculated for ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4, by ca. 1.10 and 1.47 eV, respectively, compared to ZnP. The core-modification of porphyrins by P and especially by As was found to result in significant decrease of the charge on Zn-centers, by ca. 0.61—0.67e for P and by ca. 0.69—0.76e for As. Charges on P- and As-centers were computed to have large positive values, ca. 0.41—0.45e and ca. 0.43—0.47e, for P and As, respectively, compared to significant negative values, ca. −0.65 to −0.66e for N. The porphyrin core-modification by heavier N congeners, P and As, can noticeably modify the structures, electronic, and optical properties of porphyrins, thus affecting their reactivity and potential applications.
Floppy molecules—their internal dynamics, spectroscopy and applications
Authors: Gulaczyk Iwona , Kręglewski Marek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Floppy molecules can be defined as molecules performing large amplitude vibrations (LAVs). There are different types of LAVs among which the most common are inversion and internal rotation. Molecules with LAVs have been of great interest for a very long time since their dynamic, geometry and molecular spectra were very often considered as a challenge. In the review, we present an outline of the history and development of various theoretical approaches concerning molecules with LAVs. Different types of LAVs are described with the emphasis on inversion tunneling (wagging) and internal rotation (torsion). Furthermore, strategies for building explicit and effective Hamiltonians are given and explained in detail using a hydrazine molecule, which is an exemplary molecule performing three LAVs—two inversions and one internal rotation. Since floppy molecules play a significant role in numerous areas as chemistry, pharmacy, astrophysics, biology, agriculture etc., we also provide an overview of their applications.
Review on stationary phases and coating methods of MEMs gas chromatography columns
Authors: Yang Liu , Qin Molin , Yang Junchao , Zhang Genwei , Wei Jiana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) is an important and widely used technique for separation and analysis in the field of analytical chemistry. Micro gas chromatography has been developed in response to the requirement for on-line analysis and on-site analysis. At the core of micro gas chromatography, microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) have the advantages of small size and low power consumption. This article introduces the stationary phases of micro columns in recent years, including polymer, carbon materials, silica, gold nanoparticles, inorganic adsorbents and ionic liquids. Preparation techniques ranging from classical coating to unusual sputtering of stationary phases are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods are analyzed. The paper introduces the separation characteristics and application progress of MEMs columns and discusses possible developments.