bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Nb3Sn film growth by sputtering Nb on hot bronze
Authors: Withanage Wenura K , Juliao Andre , Cooley Lance D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nb deposited by magnetron sputtering onto hot Cu-15 wt.%Sn bronze substrates at temperatures above 700 °C achieved Nb3Sn film growth at a rate of 33 nm min−1, which was an order of magnitude faster than that achieved for deposition of Nb on bronze at low temperature followed by in situ post reaction at the same high temperatures. Tin content in the Nb3Sn films made on hot bronze was ∼26.3%, which is significantly higher than ∼24.5% obtained by post-reaction as well as for typical bulk reactions between Nb and α-bronze. The Nb3Sn lattice parameter was consistent with measured tin content and predicted elastic strain for both routes. Critical temperatures of 14 K–16 K, instead of 18 K, were consistent with elastic strain due to coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the Nb3Sn and bronze substrate and, for the hot-bronze samples, stress related to the growth mechanism. Films were fully coalesced and had surface roughness values <20 nm over a 100 μm2 scan. Grain structure of the Nb3Sn films produced by Nb sputtering on hot bronze resembles zone 2 in the Thornton structure-zone diagram, in contrast to the equiaxed grain structure reminiscent of microstructure observed in reacted Nb3Sn wires exhibited by the post-reaction route.
Corrigendum: The amount and type of plastics in the Baiya Beach after the Palu Bay tsunami (2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1763 012072)
Authors: Sulistiawati D , Safir M , Putra A E , Mansyur K , Rizal A , Serdiati N , Siampa T , Ya’la Z R 
Published: April 2021

Description of corrigendum:

Page 3:

In the Table 1 where the decimal format before still using comma, the following text in the table appears:
This should read:

Page 5:

In the Figure 6, the following figure appears:
This figure should appear:

Page 5:

In the Figure 7, the following figure appears:
This figure should appear:
AlGaN nanowires with inverse taper for flexible DUV emitters
Authors: Hartensveld Matthew , Melanson Bryan , Liu Cheng , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deep ultraviolet (DUV) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are promising alternatives for production of DUV light, offering many advantages over mercury arc lamps. In this work, AlGaN nanowires with an inverse taper profile were demonstrated through a wet etching process, enabling removal of the nanowires from the growth substrate in a novel peeling process to form flexible devices. AlGaN nanowires with taper angles of ∼22° were obtained following a 70 min etch in AZ400K. Nanowire taper angle was studied as a function of etch time and nanowire top diameter. Nanowires with inverse taper were then embedded in a flexible polymer layer and removed from their growth substrate, which could enable development of high-efficiency flexible micro-LEDs. Released nanowires embedded within the polymer liftoff layer exhibit strain relaxation induced redshift due to reduction in piezoelectric polarization electric field intensity. The inverse taper structure was found to promote enhanced light extraction from the nanowire. The demonstrated flexible DUV emitters with inverse taper are shown to improve the device efficiency and allow for realization of flexible emitters through a novel fabrication process for the first time.
Generation of terahertz radiation by short laser pulses propagating in obliquely magnetized plasma
Authors: Mishra Dinkar , Sharma Pooja , Singh Saumya , Kumar Bhupesh , Jha Pallavi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical and simulation study of terahertz (THz) radiation generation using short, circularly polarized laser pulses propagating in plasma embedded in arbitrarily oriented magnetic field. Perturbation technique is used to obtain generated electric and magnetic wakefields within and behind the laser pulse. Coupling of components of the obliquely applied magnetic field with transverse and axial plasma electron velocities leads to the generation of linearly as well as elliptically polarized transverse electromagnetic radiation oscillating at THz frequency, under appropriate conditions. The amplitude of these fields and ellipticity of the elliptically polarized THz radiation can be varied with the help of the obliqueness of the external magnetic field. Analytical results are validated using VSim PIC simulation code.
Dynamic analysis of coupled composite laminated shells with elastic boundary condition using a domain decomposition method
Authors: An Kwangil , Kim Changrok , Kim Kwanghun , Kwak Songhun , Ri Kumchol , Kim Hohyok 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the free and forced vibration behavior of coupled composite laminated shell are investigated by using a domain decomposition method under the elastic boundary condition. The coupled shell structure is combined in the form of a double curved shell-cylindrical shell-double curved shell, and the double curved shells at both ends are combined with the cylindrical shell upside down (figure 1). The double curved shell contains the elliptical, paraboloidal and hyperbolical shells. multi-segment partitioning technique is employed to establish the theoretical model based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Regardless of the shell types and boundary conditions, the displacement functions of each shell are expended by the orthogonal ultraspherical polynomials in the meridional direction, and by the standard Fourier series in the circumferential direction. The boundary and continue conditions are generalized by the artificial spring technology. The convergence study and numerical comparison with finite element method (FEM) demonstrates that the proposed method has good reliability and accuracy to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the coupled composite laminated shell. The effects of material properties, geometric dimension, boundary condition and external force on the coupled composite laminated shell structure are proposed with some numerical results.
Democratic Backsliding, Subsidized Speech, and the New Majoritarian Entrenchment
Authors: Shinar Adam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This Article argues that democratic backsliding is operationalized through selective government funding of private speech. Subsidized speech can leverage the government’s voice while silencing or diminishing voices that seek to challenge the government’s message or create the background conditions for critical faculties. This leveraging, in turn, serves to entrench the power of the political majority, further insulating it from the processes of democratic change.
Despite the voluminous literature on free speech, few discuss the problem of subsidized speech, even though it plays an ever-growing role in the formation of public discourse and public opinion. Accordingly, the Article makes three contributions. First, the Article examines three jurisdictions (Israel, Hungary, and Poland), arguing that the strategic use of subsidized speech is particularly prevalent in countries that are experiencing some version of “democratic backsliding.” The commonalities between these countries are no accident, for the motivation is the same: increasing governmental domination of civil society.
Second, the Article departs from the extant approaches that identify subsidized speech as a problem for free speech or equality, by situating subsidized speech as a structural problem for democracy: majoritarian entrenchment. Although democracies have mechanisms to prevent entrenchment of the current political majority, those focus on elections and related aspects. Entrenchment, however, is not confined to these contexts. The Article thus extends the problem of entrenchment to the speech context.
Third, the Article introduces and develops the “anti-entrenchment” principle. When the government seeks to entrench its power through funding decisions, the anti-entrenchment principle is triggered. Applying the anti-entrenchment principle can have far-reaching consequences, for it may require the government to subsidize precisely the speech it rejects.
Political Involvement of Social Workers in Majority and Minority Groups: Comparison of Palestinians-Israeli and Jewish-Israeli
Authors: Darawshy Neveen Ali-Saleh , Boehm Amnon , Boehm-Tabib Esther 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious research has examined the political involvement of social workers and their encouragement of their clients to be politically active. However, few studies have investigated this topic by comparing minority and majority groups. The current research focused on the political involvement of social workers themselves, their encouragement of clients to be politically involved, and the types of political involvement they engage in. Differences in these aspects between two groups—minority (Palestinian–Israeli) and majority (Jewish–Israeli) social workers—were also examined. One hundred and sixty-five social workers in northern Israel (Palestinian Israelis and Jewish Israelis), randomly selected from social service departments, completed self-report questionnaires. The results revealed low levels of political involvement across groups, with more encouragement of clients to be politically involved than political involvement of social workers themselves. Social workers engaged more in negotiating, as consensus-type, than in the other types of activity examined. According to their reports, the Palestinian-Israeli social workers were involved more than their Jewish-Israeli colleagues in political action and in encouraging their clients to be involved. Future training programmes should highlight the importance of political activity amongst Israeli social workers, encouraging future practitioners to participate in direct and indirect involvement and develop their sense of political efficacy.
Governmental and Non-Governmental Community Practice—What’s the Difference?
Authors: Itzhaki-Braun Yael , Feldman Guy , Frankenburg Ruth , Karassik Daniel , Schreiber Keren 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe social work profession emphasises the importance of social workers’ involvement in community practice, which aims to promote social policy and social change via peoples’ organising and acting. The current qualitative study compares between the perceptions and everyday experiences of governmental and non-governmental community social workers. Drawing on in-depth interviews with twenty-six community social workers in the public social services and non-governmental organisations in Israel, findings highlight similarities and differences along three main themes: (i) community social workers’ constructions of their professional role, referring to soft community practice verus radical community practice and to aspects of influence; (ii) the tension between the professional freedom they hold and the limitations imposed on them; and (iii) professional position within the organisation and the field of community social work. We discuss these findings in light of the theoretical perspectives of perception of organisational politics and emotional labour. Implications to community practice are outlined.
Prefrontal Plasticity after a 3-Month Exercise Intervention in Older Adults Relates to Enhanced Cognitive Performance
Authors: Soshi Takahiro , Andersson Michael , Kawagoe Toshikazu , Nishiguchi Shu , Yamada Minoru , Otsuka Yuki , Nakai Ryusuke , Abe Nobuhito , Aslah Adibah , Igasaki Tomohiko , Sekiyama Kaoru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study examined exercise intervention effects on older adults’ brain structures and function. Brain data were analyzed from 47 healthy adults between 61 and 82 years of age who, in a previous study, showed cognitive improvement following a 3-month intervention. The participants were assigned to a motor exercise intervention group (n = 24), performing exercise training programs for a 12-week period, or a waiting control group (n = 23), abstaining from any exercise program. Structural analysis of the frontal cortex and hippocampus revealed increased gray matter volume and/or thickness in several prefrontal areas in the intervention group and reduced hippocampal gray matter volume in the control group. Importantly, the volume increase in the middle frontal sulcus in the intervention group was associated with a general cognitive improvement after the intervention. Functional analysis showed that the prefrontal functional connectivity during a working memory task differently changed in response to the intervention or waiting in the two groups. The functional connectivity decreased in the intervention group, whereas the corresponding connectivity increased in the control group, which was associated with maintaining cognitive performance. The current longitudinal findings indicate that short-term exercise intervention can induce prefrontal plasticity associated with cognitive performance in older adults.
The Evolution and Distribution of Pneumococcal Serotypes in Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Spain Using a Serotype-Specific Urinary Antigen Detection Test: The CAPA Study, 2011–2018
Authors: Torres Antoni , Menéndez Rosario , España Pedro Pablo , Fernández-Villar Jose Alberto , Marimón José María , Cilloniz Catia , Méndez Raúl , Egurrola Mikel , Botana-Rial Maribel , Ercibengoa María , Méndez Cristina , Cifuentes Isabel , Gessner Bradford D ,   CAPA Study Group, Torres A , Cilloniz C , Ceccato A , San José A , Bueno L , Marco F , Menéndez R , Méndez R , Amara I , López Hontangas J L , Montull B , Gimeno A , Gil A , Piro A , González P , Zaldivar E , Feced L , Latorre A , España P P , Egurrola M , Uranga A , Martínez de la Fuente A P , Artaraz A , Pérez N , Fernández-Villar A , Botana-Rial M , Vasallo F , Priegue A , Marimón J M , Pérez-Trallero E , Ercibengoa M , Méndez C , Cifuentes I , Balseiro C , Del Amo M , García A , Sáez J , Perianes A , Díaz A , Garijo E , Fernández E , Martínez J , Casassas R , Samaniego M L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Spain introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the childhood National Immunization Program in 2015–2016 with coverage of 3 doses of 94.8% in 2018. We assessed the evolution of all pneumococcal, PCV13 vaccine type (VT), and experimental PCV20-VT (PCV13 + serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, 33F) hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in Spain from 2011–2018.

Methods
A prospective observational study of immunocompetent adults (≥18 years) admitted to 4 Spanish hospitals with chest X-ray–confirmed CAP between November 2011 and November 2018. Microbiological confirmation was obtained using the Pfizer serotype-specific urinary antigen detection tests (UAD1/UAD2), BinaxNow test for urine, and conventional cultures of blood, pleural fluid, and high-quality sputum.

Results
Of 3107 adults hospitalized with CAP, 1943 were ≥65 years. Underlying conditions were present in 87% (n = 2704) of the participants. Among all patients, 895 (28.8%) had pneumococcal CAP and 439 (14.1%) had PCV13-VT CAP, decreasing from 17.9% (n = 77) to 13.2% (n = 68) from 2011–2012 to 2017–2018 (P = .049). PCV20-VT CAP occurred in 243 (23.8%) of those included in 2016–2018. The most identified serotypes were 3 and 8. Serotype 3 accounted for 6.9% (n = 215) of CAP cases, remaining stable during the study period, and was associated with disease severity.

Conclusions
PCV13-VT caused a substantial proportion of CAP in Spanish immunocompetent adults 8 years after introduction of childhood PCV13 immunization. Improving direct PCV13 coverage of targeted adult populations could further reduce PCV13-VT burden, a benefit that could be increased further if PCV20 is licensed and implemented.
COVID-19 Diagnostic System Using Medical Image Classification and Retrieval: A Novel Method for Image Analysis
Authors: Alrahhal Maher , K P Supreethi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the rapid increase in the number of people infected with COVID-19 disease in the entire world, and with the limited medical equipment used to detect it (testing kit), it becomes necessary to provide another detection method that mainly relies on Artificial Intelligence and radiographic Image Analysis to determine the disease infection. In this study, we proposed a diagnosis system that detects the COVID-19 using chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan images knowing that this system does not eliminate the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test but rather complements it. The proposed system consists of the following steps, starting with extracting the image’s features using Visual Words Fusion of ResNet-50 (deep neural network) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient descriptors based on Bag of Visual Word methodology. Then training the Adaptive Boosting classifier to classify the image to COVID-19 or NOTCOVID-19 and finally retrieving the most similar images. We implemented our work on X-ray and CT scan databases, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The performance of the classification task in terms of accuracy was as follows: 100% for classifying the input image to X-ray or CT scan, 99.18% for classifying X-ray image to COVID-19 or NOTCOVID-19 and 97.84% for classifying CT scan to COVID-19 or NOTCOVID-19.
Children’s Experiences with School Lockdown Drills: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bonanno Rebecca , McConnaughey Susan , Mincin Jenny 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In response to the threat of school shootings, lockdown drills have become commonplace in K–12 schools throughout the United States. Educators, parents, and others continue to debate the potential disruptive and traumatizing impact drills have on children. A small number of quantitative studies have examined the effects of lockdown drills on students’ perceptions of safety, preparedness for crises, and fear and anxiety. Less is known about children’s actual lived experiences of lockdown drills. This pilot child-centered qualitative study explored how children ages eight to 11 thought and felt about their experiences of school lockdown drills. Fear was found to be their common emotional response to the drill and, to a lesser extent, so were feelings of safety, annoyance, and excitement. Although children were found to have good understanding of what to do in lockdown drills, they were not always clear about what the purpose of the drills was and what threats the drills were intended to protect against. These findings support professional and advocacy groups’ recommendations for planning and implementing lockdown drills and offer original recommendations from children’s points of view on ways to mitigate negative outcomes of drills for students.
Understanding women’s perspectives and information needs about shared follow-up care for early breast cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: White Victoria , Der Vartanian Carolyn , Tansley Fiona , Ugalde Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Shared breast cancer follow-up care involving a breast cancer specialist and a general practitioner (GP) has been demonstrated to be effective, yet barriers to participation in this model by women remain. This study explores the responses of women who recently finished active treatment for early breast cancer (EBC) to a proposed model of shared follow-up care to understand the type of information needed to support participation.

Methods
Qualitative study based on focus groups with women with EBC in the early stage of follow-up care from across metropolitan, regional and rural settings in Australia. Discussions were transcribed and thematic analysis is undertaken.

Results
Four focus groups were conducted, involving 31 women aged between 32 and 78 years. The discussion focused on two topics. In the first topic ‘Current experiences of follow-up care’, two themes emerged: (i) follow-up as a continuation of active treatment; (ii) GPs involvement in care during active treatment influence attitudes to shared follow-up care. In the second topic area ‘Perceptions of shared follow-up care’ four themes emerged: (i) a need for evidence regarding model effectiveness; (ii) choice; (iii) concerns regarding capacity and capability of GPs to deliver care and (iv) the need for clear communication between GPs, specialists and women.

Conclusions
Women need information regarding the evidence for the effectiveness of shared follow-up care to assure them it does not pose a risk to their health outcomes. Clear descriptions of GP and specialist roles and the opportunity to jointly decide participation is essential for the model to be adopted.
The boom and bust of the aphid’s essential amino acid metabolism across nymphal development
Authors: Pers Daniel , Hansen Allison K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Within long-term symbioses, animals integrate their physiology and development with their symbiont. In a model nutritional mutualism, aphids harbor the endosymbiont, Buchnera, within specialized bacteriocyte cells. Buchnera synthesizes essential amino acids (EAAs) and vitamins for their host, which are lacking from the aphid’s plant sap diet. It is unclear if the aphid host differentially expresses aphid EAA metabolism pathways and genes that collaborate with Buchnera for the production of EAA and vitamins throughout nymphal development when feeding on plants. It is also unclear if aphid bacteriocytes are differentially methylated throughout aphid development as DNA methylation may play a role in gene regulation. By analyzing aphid gene expression, we determined that the bacteriocyte is metabolically more active in metabolizing Buchnera’s EAAs and vitamins early in nymphal development compared to intermediate or later immature and adult lifestages. The largest changes in aphid bacteriocyte gene expression, especially for aphid genes that collaborate with Buchnera, occurred during the 3rd to 4th instar transition. During this transition, there is a huge shift in the bacteriocyte from a high energy “nutrient-consuming state” to a “recovery and growth state” where patterning and signaling genes and pathways are upregulated and differentially methylated, and de novo methylation is reduced as evidenced by homogenous DNA methylation profiles after the 2nd instar. Moreover, bacteriocyte number increased and Buchnera’s titer decreased throughout aphid nymphal development. These data suggest in combination that bacteriocytes of older nymphal and adult lifestages depend less on the nutritional symbiosis compared to early nymphal lifestages.
SEXUAL INCOMPATIBILITY FACTORS AND SOMATIC RECOMBINATION IN SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE
Authors: Frankel Carl , Ellingboe Albert H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two sets of diploid cultures of S. commune were observed for sectoring due to haploidization or recombination. Each set consisted of compatible and common-AB diploids otherwise almost isogenic. One of the sets included two compatible diploids with a large proportion of dikaryotic cells. The sectors were isolated and analysed for evidence of aneuploidy and frequent crossing over to determine whether they arose via mitotic or meiotic-like events. It was found that the recombination process in both common-AB and compatible diploids was predominantly mitotic. However, the compatible diploids which developed a high frequency of dikaryotic components gave some evidence of meiotic-like activity. Thus, compatible mating-type factors are necessary for dikaryosis, but not sufficient in themselves to produce it. In compatible mycelia where dikaryosis does occur, meiotic-like recombination may also occur. It is proposed that both lapse into the dikaryotic state, and meiotic-like recombination was induced by different genes under control of the incompatibility factors. Dikaryosis and meiosis are thus seen as tandem phenomena, neither causal of the other but both induced by action of compatible mating-type factors.