bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study of standard dressings versus negative-pressure wound therapy in the treatment of adult patients having surgical incisions for hip fractures: the WHISH randomized controlled trial
Authors: Masters James , Cook Jonathan , Achten Juul , Costa Matt L. ,   WHISH trial collaborators
Published: April 2021

AimsThis study sought to compare the rate of deep surgical site infection (SSI), as measured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition, after surgery for a fracture of the hip between patients treated with standard dressings and those treated with incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT). Secondary objectives included determining the rate of recruitment and willingness to participate in the trial.MethodsThe study was a two-arm multicentre randomized controlled feasibility trial that was embedded in the World Hip Trauma Evaluation cohort study. Any patient aged > 65 years having surgery for hip fracture at five recruitment centres in the UK was considered to be eligible. They were randomly allocated to have either a standard dressing or iNPWT after closure of the wound. The primary outcome measure was deep SSI at 30 and 90 days, diagnosed according to the CDC criteria. Secondary outcomes were: rate of recruitment; further surgery within 120 days; health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the EuroQol five-level five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L); and related complications within 120 days as well as mobility and residential status at this time.ResultsA total of 462 valid randomizations were carried out (232 and 230 in the standard dressing and iNPWT groups, respectively). In the standard dressing group, 14 of 218 patients (6.4%) developed deep SSI. In the iNPWT group, four of 214 patients (1.9%) developed deep SSI. This gives a total rate of SSI of 4.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7% to 6.5%). Patients and surgeons were willing to participate in the study with 462 patients being recruited from a possible 749 (62.3%).ConclusionThe rate of deep SSI 30 days after surgery for a fracture of the hip was 4%, which makes a study comparing the clinical effectiveness of standard dressings and iNPWT feasible. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):755–761.
Orthopaedic clinical research: building a team that lasts
Authors: Stiegel Laura , Klika Alison K. , Higuera Carlos A. , K.Barsoum Wael , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: April 2021

Medical progress, including in the orthopaedic surgery field, depends on the interaction and collaboration between: physicians, with their expertise on the clinical setting; scientists, with their expertise on the research setting; and professionals who are skilled in both settings (clinical scientists). This leads to the need to develop research approaches which involves people who are committed and support the process, strategic planning, and a cohesive team that can execute the tasks. All these interactions must be supported financially in order to maintain the long-term viability of such team. Time management is crucial for the clinical research team. To ensure success, the research team must be flexible in order to adapt to dynamic clinical and surgical schedules. It is especially important that surgeons have regular, dedicated quality research time to maintain a consistent interaction with the team. Building a successful and productive orthopaedic clinical research programme involves many challenges in creating proper leadership, obtaining funding, setting proper resources, establishing necessary training, and providing guidance and insight around the importance of each role that every member plays on the team. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:245-251. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200058
Using evidence in shaping disability policy in Romania: the case of sheltered workshops
Authors: Petrescu Claudia , Lambru Mihaela 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The importance of using evidence to inform the policymaking process has been well established in the literature and practice. In Western countries evidence-based policy (EBP) is already accepted and implemented in many policy areas, including disability policy. In Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) the interest in EBP (evidence-based policy) is new and limited, hampered in many aspects by the regional specificity of the public administration and welfare services reform.

Aims and objectives:
The present article aims to explore the development of evidence-based disability employment policy in Romania, in a specific area of work integration: sheltered workshops.

Methods:
The article draws on the findings of extensive research on sheltered workshops that included multiple research methods, such as public policy analysis, social documents analysis, and secondary data analysis of quantitative and qualitative data.

Findings:
A number of issues concerning the implementation of evidence-based disability policy in Romania have been identified. Some of these issues are related to the administrative and policy capacity of the government. Others are linked to the limitation of the advocacy capacity of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) active in the disability area, or to the weak presence of the academic/research community in the disability policy forum.

Discussion and conclusions:There is a limited knowledge of how evidence-based disability policy is developed in CEE countries. This article will emphasise the role of the sheltered workshops in shaping the policy solutions in the area of work integration for persons with disabilities. The article will contribute to better understanding of the disability policy reform, looking closely at how the evidence is built and used within the disability policy process.
Organizational Supports to Promote the Community Integration of People With Dual Diagnosis
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the most common reasons people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) return to institutions is because of maladaptive behaviors. This study's aim was to examine the impact organizational supports can have on the community outcomes of people with dual diagnosis—those with IDD and psychiatric disabilities. We analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures interview data from 533 people with dual diagnosis. Findings revealed people with dual diagnosis were significantly more likely to have community outcomes present when they received individualized organizational supports. In addition, we found a number of disparities in organizational supports, including related to guardianship, communication method, and residence type. A more robust service system is necessary to ensure people with dual diagnosis are integrated into their communities.
Effects of a Justice-Based Partnership Between Employees and Families in Creating Services and Supports to Enhance Quality of Life Outcomes
Authors: Maniezki Alice , Martínez-Tur Vicente , Estreder Yolanda , Moliner Carolina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a justice-based partnership between employees and family members as a means to create services and support systems for people with intellectual disability, enhancing quality of life indicators. More specifically, we examine the links from mutual intergroup justice to three outcomes reported by family members: satisfaction with the center, service quality delivered by employees, and performance focused on the quality of life of people with intellectual disability. We used data from 111 centers. In each center, a group of family members (n = 845) and a group of employees (n = 914) participated. Multilevel modeling revealed that mutual intergroup justice (between employees and family members) has a positive effect on satisfaction with the center, perceptions of functional and relational service quality, and performance based on quality of life.
Directional phase-unwrapping algorithm and phase shift technique on hydrogel
Authors: Wu Yiyang , Knox Wayne 
Published: April 2021

Refractive index microstructures, which can be written by multiphoton absorption with femtosecond lasers, have many applications. Here we present a directional phase-unwrapping algorithm with phase-shifting technique and apply it to the metrology of hydrogel microstructures. A staircase phase-unwrapping algorithm is demonstrated. This fast quality-guided path phase-unwrapping applies well to situations that are geometrically well defined and is quite tolerant of phase noise. To achieve precise very small phase shifts, we also present a slant angle technique on a DC servo stage along with phase shift measurement, allowing us to achieve 6.5 nm step sizes.
2.5 Gbps free-space optical transmission between two 5G airship floating base stations at a distance of 12 km
Authors: Yu Xiaonan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yiqun , Song Yansong , Tian Mingguang , Wang Tong , Tong Shoufeng 
Published: April 2021

We experimentally demonstrated a long-range, large-capacity-featured, airship-based, free-space optical transmission system by using key technologies, such as GPS/INS real-time precision laser pointing, coarse and fine compound high-bandwidth laser tracking, avalanche photodiode detector adaptive control turbulence channel compensation, and the aurora laser fifth-generation (5G) interface protocol, to solve the problems of laser tracking and targeting based on an airship motion platform, high-speed signal transmission under atmospheric channel perturbation, and interface protocol between a wireless laser link and 5G base station signal, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the first FSO transmission of 5G base station signals between airship platforms with a rate of 2.5 Gbps and a distance of 12 km was realized, and channel turbulence jitter was also recorded for laser links of different altitudes, from 200 to 1000 m, which provides technical and data support for the application of wireless laser links in 5G floating base stations.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Rahman Md. Estiar , Moonajilin Mst. Sabrina , van Os Jim 
Published: April 2021

Background
Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13–18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination.

Results
The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81–5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01–3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11–17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15–16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18–6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24–3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01–17.38, p < .001).

Conclusions
Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A challenge for malaria elimination efforts
Authors: Yimam Yonas , Nateghpour Mehdi , Mohebali Mehdi , Abbaszadeh Afshar Mohammad Javad 
Published: April 2021

Background
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where malaria transmission is stable, malaria infection in pregnancy adversely affects pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns and is often asymptomatic. So far, a plethora of primary studies have been carried out on asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women in SSA. Nevertheless, no meta-analysis estimated the burden of asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women in SSA, so this meta-analysis was carried out to bridge this gap.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest were systematically searched for relevant studies published until 4 August 2020, and also the expansion of the search was performed by October 24, 2020. We assessed heterogeneity among included studies using I-squared statistics (I2). Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and further quantitatively validated by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. The pooled prevalence and pooled odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were estimated using the random-effects model in Stata 15 software.

Results
For this meta-analysis, we included 35 eligible studies. The overall prevalence estimate of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection prevalence was 26.1%% (95%CI: 21–31.2%, I2 = 99.0%). According to species-specific pooled prevalence estimate, Plasmodium falciparum was dominant species (22.1%, 95%CI: 17.1–27.2%, I2 = 98.6%), followed by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale, respectively, found to be 3% (95%CI: 0–5%, I2 = 88.3%), 0.8% (95%CI: 0.3–0.13%, I2 = 60.5%), and 0.2% (95%CI: -0.01–0.5%, I2 = 31.5%). Asymptomatic malaria-infected pregnant women were 2.28 times more likely anemic (OR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.66–3.13, I2 = 56.3%) than in non-infected pregnant women. Asymptomatic malaria infection was 1.54 times higher (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.28–1.85, I2 = 11.5%) in primigravida women compared to multigravida women.

Conclusion
In SSA, asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women is prevalent, and it is associated with an increased likelihood of anemia compared to non-infected pregnant women. Thus, screening of asymptomatic pregnant women for malaria and anemia should be included as part of antenatal care.
Examining therapeutic equivalence between branded and generic warfarin in Brazil: The WARFA crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gomes Freitas Carolina , Walsh Michael , Coutinho Enia Lucia , Vincenzo de Paola Angelo Amato , Atallah Álvaro Nagib 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo determine whether the generic and branded warfarins used as anticoagulants in Brazil are therapeutic equivalents based on their international normalized ratio (INR) results.MethodsThis crossover randomized controlled trial had four periods. We used the branded Marevan and two generic versions of warfarin sodium tablets, manufactured by União Química and Teuto laboratories, all purchased from retail drugstores. Eligible participants were outpatients from an anticoagulation clinic at a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. They had atrial fibrillation or flutter and had been using warfarin for at least 2 months with an INR therapeutic range of 2.0–3.0. Randomization was by numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Healthcare personnel and outcome assessors were blinded to treatments, but patients were not. The primary outcome was the variability in the INR (ΔINR) and secondary outcomes included mean INR. We accepted formulations as equivalent if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the comparison of ΔINR between branded and generic formulations was within the limit of ±0.49.ResultsOne hundred patients were recruited and randomized to six sequences of treatment (four sequences with n = 17 and two sequences with n = 16). União Química generic warfarin had equivalent variability in the INR to Marevan (ΔINR +0.09 [95% CI -0.29 to +0.46], n = 84). Comparison between Teuto generic warfarin and Marevan was inconclusive (ΔINR +0.29 [95% CI -0.09 to +0.68], n = 84).ConclusionsMarevan and União Química warfarin had equivalent therapeutic effectiveness and both could be confidently used for anticoagulation. The comparison between Marevan and TW was inconclusive and does not warrant a statement of equivalence. Our methods are especially important for comparing generic and branded drugs that raise concerns and may be subject of future investigations by regulatory agents.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02017197.
Prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress disorder following the loss of a significant other: An investigation of cognitive and behavioural differences
Authors: Smith Kirsten V. , Ehlers Anke 
Published: April 2021

Background
Cognitive behavioural correlates to bereavement-related mental health problems such a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are of theoretical and clinical importance.

Methods
Individuals bereaved at least six months (N = 647) completed measures of loss-related cognitions and behaviours (i.e., loss-related memory characteristics, negative appraisals, coping strategies, grief resilience, and perceived social disconnection) and measures of PGD and PTSD symptoms. Individuals were assigned to one of four groups depending on probable clinical diagnoses (No-PGD/PTSD, PTSD, PGD, PGD+PTSD).

Results
Results indicated that higher loss-related memory characteristics and lower grief resilience increased the likelihood of a clinical problem. The PGD and PGD+PTSD groups reported significantly higher loss-related memory characteristics and appraisals compared to the PTSD group. Social disconnection increased the likelihood of comorbid PGD+PTSD in comparison to any other group.

Conclusions
Results indicate cognitive differences between loss-related cognitions, memory characteristics and coping strategies between PGD and PTSD, and points to distinct cognitive correlates to psychopathology following loss.
Risk prediction models for acute kidney injury in adults: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Van Acker Paulien , Van Biesen Wim , Nagler Evi V. , Koobasi Muguet , Veys Nic , Vanmassenhove Jill 
Published: April 2021

Background
The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and its human and economic cost is increasing steadily. One way to reduce the burden associated with AKI is to prevent the event altogether. An important step in prevention lies in AKI risk prediction. Due to the increasing number of available risk prediction models (RPMs) clinicians need to be able to rely on systematic reviews (SRs) to provide an objective assessment on which RPM can be used in a specific setting. Our aim was to assess the quality of SRs of RPMs in AKI.

Methods
The protocol for this overview was registered in PROSPERO. MEDLINE and Embase were searched for SRs of RPMs of AKI in any setting from 2003 till August 2020. We used the ROBIS tool to assess the methodological quality of the retrieved SRs.

Results
Eight SRs were retrieved. All studies were assessed as being at high risk for bias using the ROBIS tool. Eight reviews had a high risk of bias in study eligibility criteria (domain 1), five for study identification and selection (domain 2), seven for data collection and appraisal (domain 3) and seven for synthesis and findings (domain 4). Five reviews were scored at high risk of bias across all four domains. Risk of bias assessment with a formal risk of bias tool was only performed in five reviews. Primary studies were heterogeneous and used a wide range of AKI definitions. Only 19 unique RPM were externally validated, of which 11 had only 1 external validation report.

Conclusion
The methodological quality of SRs of RPMs of AKI is inconsistent. Most SRs lack a formal risk of bias assessment. SRs ought to adhere to certain standard quality criteria so that clinicians can rely on them to select a RPM for use in an individual patient.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number is CRD 42020204236, available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=204236.
State-level prevalence estimates of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States by medical risk factors, demographic characteristics and nativity
Authors: Mirzazadeh Ali , Kahn James G. , Haddad Maryam B. , Hill Andrew N. , Marks Suzanne M. , Readhead Adam , Barry Pennan M. , Flood Jennifer , Mermin Jonathan H. , Shete Priya B. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Preventing tuberculosis (TB) disease requires treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) as well as prevention of person-to-person transmission. We estimated the LTBI prevalence for the entire United States and for each state by medical risk factors, age, and race/ethnicity, both in the total population and stratified by nativity.

Methods
We created a mathematical model using all incident TB disease cases during 2013–2017 reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System that were classified using genotype-based methods or imputation as not attributed to recent TB transmission. Using the annual average number of TB cases among US-born and non-US-born persons by medical risk factor, age group, and race/ethnicity, we applied population-specific reactivation rates (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CI]) to back-calculate the estimated prevalence of untreated LTBI in each population for the United States and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2015.

Results
We estimated that 2.7% (CI: 2.6%–2.8%) of the U.S. population, or 8.6 (CI: 8.3–8.8) million people, were living with LTBI in 2015. Estimated LTBI prevalence among US-born persons was 1.0% (CI: 1.0%–1.1%) and among non-US-born persons was 13.9% (CI: 13.5%–14.3%). Among US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was in persons aged ≥65 years (2.1%) and in persons of non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (3.1%). Among non-US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was estimated in persons aged 45–64 years (16.3%) and persons of Asian and other racial/ethnic groups (19.1%).

Conclusions
Our estimations of the prevalence of LTBI by medical risk factors and demographic characteristics for each state could facilitate planning for testing and treatment interventions to eliminate TB in the United States. Our back-calculation method feasibly estimates untreated LTBI prevalence and can be updated using future TB disease case counts at the state or national level.