bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ejercicio en Enfermedad Renal Crónica
Authors: Uclés Villalobos Vanessa , Vargas Arguedas Celina 
Published: October 2021

La Enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se define como la presencia de daño renal o la reducción de Tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) < 60ml/ min/1,73 m2 por 3 meses o más Se considera que en el estadio 1 el porcentaje de función del riñón está en 90-100%, 60-89% en el estadio 2, 30-59% estadio 3, 15-29% estadio 4 y <15% en estadio 5. El estadio 3 se divide en 3a y 3b, con porcentajes de 45/59% y 30-44% respectivamente. Los estadios permiten planificar el tratamiento: en el 1 se observa y controla HTA, en el 2 y 3 se observa y controla HTA y factores de riesgo y en el 4 se planea el fallo renal, por lo tanto, la diálisis. Existen varios factores predictores de ERC secundaria. La edad, HTA y DM son clave, ya que hay una tendencia al envejecimiento global de la población, y porque la HTA y la DM son un problema de salud pública global que sigue en aumento.
KARAKTERISTIK SENSORI DAN KADAR AIR IKAN SELAR (Selaroides leptolepis) ASIN PADA KONSENTRASI KADAR GARAM YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Sasiang Jhon Robert , Ansar Novalina Maya Sari , Karimela Ely John 
Published: October 2021

Ikan Asin merupakan ikan yang diawetkan dengan menambahkan garam dalam jumlah tertentu sehingga menghasilkan ikan asin dengan rasa, aroma dan tekstur khas. Kekurangan dari produk ikan asin saat ini adalah tampilan produk yang tidak menarik dan rasa terlalu asin karena takaran garam yang tepat belum diketahui. Sebagai salah jenis ikan dengan kandungan gizi cukup tinggi tetapi melimpah pada musim terntentu saja di Kabupaten Sangihe, ikan selar menjadi salah satu bahan baku utama ikan asin di kabupaten ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai sensori dan kadar air ikan selar yang diberi perlakuan garam dengan konsentrasi berbeda (5, 10 dan 15) %. Hasil pengujian organoleptik memperlihatkan nilai kenampakan 7.93, 8.2 and 9.0, bau (7.6, 8.2 dan 9.0) dan tekstur (7.53, 7.93 dan 8.93) pada konsentrasi (5, 10 dan 15)% berturut-turut. Dengan kata lain pengaruh perlakuan naik dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi dan nilai uji sensori tertinggi (9.0) terdapat pada perlakuan kadar garam 15%. Sebaliknya, hasil uji kadar air memperlihatkan nilai makin rendah dengan meningkatnya kadar garam dan kadar air terendah teramati pada perlakuan dengan kadar garam 15%. Meskipun begitu, nilai kadar air pada tiga perlakuan itu (25.7, 26.3 and 27.8)% masih memenuhi standar kadar air (40%) yang ditetapkan SNI 2016.

Salted fish is fish preserved by adding certain amount of salt to produce salted fish with a distinctive taste, aroma and texture. One problem with localy produced salted fish is its unattractive appearance and overly salty taste caused mainly by the lack of knowledge on the right amount of salts used for preparing salted fish. Being a seasonally abundant species that also contains high nutrional value, scad fish has long become of one of the major source of salted fish in the region. This research aimed to study the sensory value and water content of scad salted fish treated with different salt concentration. Organoleptic test showed increasing values as salt concentration increased with the values of 7.93, 8.2 and 9.0 for appearance, 7.53, 7.93 and 8.93 for texture and 7.6, 8.2 and 9.0 for smell treated concentration of (5, 10 and 15)% respectively, with the highest sensory value (9.0) observed at the highest salt concentration (15%). In contrast, water content decreased as the concentration increased with the lowest water content (25.7) observed at the concentration of 15%. Nevertheless, all water content (25.7 to 27.8)% in this study met the standard value (40%) set by SNI 2016.
KONTRIBUSI PERAN PEREMPUAN PESISIR TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN EKONOMI KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG PETTA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE
Authors: Sarapil Costantein Imanuel , Kumaseh Eunike , Ikhtiagung Ganjar Ndaru , Puspaputri Erlin 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi peran perempuan pesisir dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga dan berapa besar presentase kontribusi perempuan dalam menopang ekonomi keluarga di Kampung Petta Kecamatan Tabukan Utara Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi atau pengamatan yaitu kegiatan keseharian manusia dengan menggunakan pancaindra. Karena itu, obervasi adalah kemampuan seseorang untuk menggunakan pengamatannya melalui hasil kerja pancaindera mata serta dibantu dengan pancaindra lainnya untuk menghimpun data penelitian. Rata - rata keuntungan perempuan pesisir Rp 160.000 / hari, rata - rata pendapatan Rp 2.750.000, serta besar kontribusi perempuan pesisir terhadap kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga yaitu sebesar 46,5 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Perempuan pesisir mempunyai peran yang penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga di Kampung Petta. Perlu adanya kebijakan Pemerintah yang memberikan peluang bagi para perempuan pesisir untuk mengembangkan usaha mereka dan berkontribusi secara aktif bagi masyarakat.

This study aims to determine the contribution of the role of coastal women in fulfilling the economic needs of the family and how much is the percentage in contribution of women in supporting the family economy in Petta Village, Tabukan Utara District, Sangihe Islands Regency. Data collection was carried out by observation, namely human daily activities using the eye senses as their main aid in addition to other senses such as ears, smell, mouth, and skin. Therefore, observation is a person's ability to use his observations through the work of his senses and is assisted by other senses to collect research data. The average profit for coastal women is Rp. 160,000 / day, the average income is Rp. 2,750,000, and the contribution of coastal women to the economic needs of the family is 46,5 %. This shows that coastal women have an important role in fulfill the needs of families in Petta Village. There needs a government policy that provides opportunities for coastal women to develop their businesses and contribute actively to society.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN NELAYAN PANCING ULUR DI KAMPUNG KARATUNG II KECAMATAN MANGANITU KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE
Authors: Kumaseh Eunike Irene , Sarapil Costantein Imanuel , Takasabare Yafet 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat besarnya pendapatan nelayan pancing ulur di Kampung Karatung II Kecamatan Manganitu Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Kampung Karatung II terletak di Kecamatan Manganitu dengan jumlah penduduk 991 jiwa. Pendapatan nelayan di Kampung Karatung II bergantung pada hasil tangkapan. Jenis ikan hasil tangkapan pada umunya yaitu ikan Selar (Selaroides sp.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September – Oktober 2020 di perairan Kampung Karatung II Kecamatan Manganitu. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi terhadap para nelayan. Pendapatan nelayan pancing ulur di Kampung Karatung II yaitu sebesar Rp 1.250.000,- per bulan. Berdasarkan SK Gubernur Sulawesi Utara No. 330 Tahun 2020, upah minimum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara tahun 2020 Rp 3.310.723,- (tiga juta tiga ratus sepuluh ribu tujuh ratus dua puluh tiga rupiah) setiap bulan, dengan demikian pendapatan nelayan di Kampung Karatung II termasuk dalam kategori rendah.

This study aims to determine the income of hand line fishermen in Karatung II Village, Manganitu District of Sangihe Islands Regency. Karatung II Village is located in Manganitu District with population of 991 people. The income of fishermen in Karatung II village depends on the catch. The kind of fish caught is Selar (Selaroides sp.). This research was carried out in September to October 2020 in the waters of Karatung II village, Manganitu District. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing and observing the fishermen. The income of hand line fishermen in Karatung II Village is Rp. 1,250,000 per month. Based on the Decree of the Governor of North Sulawesi No. 330 of 2020, the minimum wage of North Sulawesi Province in 2020 was IDR 3,310,723 (three million three hundred ten thousand seven hundred and twenty three rupiahs) every month, and therefore, the income of fishermen in Karatung II Village is categorized as a low income.
Desired Resources for Changing Diet Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Qualitative Inquiry Informing Future Dietary Interventions
Authors: Silveira Stephanie L. , Richardson Emma V. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
There are approximately 1 million adults in the United States with multiple sclerosis (MS). Persons with MS are interested in diet as a second-line therapy for improving MS symptoms and disease progression. Examination of desired resources regarding diet among persons with MS is necessary for supporting behavior change.

METHODS
Twenty-five adults with MS completed 1-on-1, online semistructured interviews. An inductive, 6-phase, semantic thematic analysis was applied to identify themes associated with participant preferences for dietary behavior change.

RESULTS
The research team crafted 4 key themes from the data that encompassed participants’ desired resources for dietary behavior change. Theme 1, MS-specific evidence, involved the need for clear information about the impact of diet regimens or specific foods on MS. Theme 2, dietary guidelines, was related to guidelines provided by a reliable source such as a registered dietitian. Theme 3, behavioral supports, underscored the need for support for behavior change, including accountability, self-monitoring, motivation, habituation, and incremental changes. Theme 4, diet resources, highlighted tangible resources for supporting dietary change, including recipes, food lists, meal services, or games.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a foundation for guiding dietary interventions for persons with MS that incorporates their needs and preferences and could improve their overall health. Such dietary change can be facilitated by theory-based behavioral interventions that incorporate behavior change techniques such as self-monitoring and goal setting for supporting behavior change.
A novel role for apatinib in enhancing radiosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing the AKT and ERK pathways
Authors: Li Lin , Li Yuexian , Zou Huawei 
Published: October 2021

Background
Radioresistance is still the major cause of radiotherapy failure and poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Apatinib (AP) is a highly selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Whether and how AP affects radiosensitivity in NSCLC remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the radiosensitization effect of AP in NSCLC and its underlying mechanism as a radiosensitizer.

Methods
The NSCLC cell lines A549 and LK2 were treated with AP, ionizing radiation (IR), or both AP and IR. Expression of VEGFR2 was analyzed by western blot and RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in NSCLC cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Nuclear phosphorylated histone H2AX foci immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination treatment. Western blot was used to explore the potential mechanisms of action.

Results
AP inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that AP significantly increased radiation-induced apoptosis. Colony formation assays revealed that AP enhanced the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. AP strongly restored radiosensitivity by increasing IR-induced G2/M phase arrest. AP effectively inhibited repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Western blot analysis showed that AP enhanced radiosensitivity by downregulating AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that AP may enhance radiosensitivity in NSCLC cells by blocking AKT and ERK signaling. Therefore, AP may be a potential clinical radiotherapy synergist and a novel small-molecule radiosensitizer in NSCLC. Our study fills a gap in the field of anti-angiogenic drugs and radiosensitivity.
Current Trend in the Antibiogram of Bacterial Pathogens of Adult Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: T. Oyekale Oluwalana , O. Ojo Bola , E. Oguntunmbi Damilola , I. Oyekale Oluwatoyin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are among the commonest infectious diseases requiring hospitalization. There is an increasing resistance development of bacterial pathogens of LRTIs to the commonly prescribed antibiotics necessitating regular surveillance for these bacteria and their antibiogram.
Aim: To identify bacterial pathogens of adult LRTIs, determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and suggest the best empirical treatment of adult LRTIs in the setting.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methods: A total of 194 respiratory samples from 194 consecutive consenting adult in-patient of a Federal Teaching Hospital were processed. Identification of isolated bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates were carried out following the standard protocol.
Results: Bacteria isolation was seen in 52.1% of all specimens, highest isolation rate was from sputum (55.2%). Isolation was higher in males (54.9%) than females (48.1%) but no significant difference was seen (P=0.36). Gram negative bacteria were predominantly isolated (64.4%) and Klebsilla pneumoniae was the most common (33.7%). Eight extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were also detected. All isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. All MRSAs were sensitive to vancomycin. There was poor sensitivity pattern seen against most antibiotics tested.
Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were the predominant bacterial pathogen isolated, and isolates were resistant to most antibiotics tested, though, all were sensitive to carbapenems. Levofloxacin plus gentamicin, and carbapenems were the suggested first and second line empirical treatment of choice respectively for adult LRTIs in this and similar settings.
Evaluation of Bean Common Mosaic Disease and Associated Aphid Vector, Aphis fabae L., on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Lower Eastern Kenya
Authors: A. Muute Ngela , Muli Benjamin , Charles Orek 
Published: October 2021

Production of common bean in Kenya is constrained by pests and diseases and to improve bean yields amongst majority small-scale farmers, appropriate management strategies should be adopted. Bean common mosaic disease (BCMD) caused by bean common mosaic virus and vectored by bean aphids and infected seeds, substantially inhibit common bean production in Kenya. An extensive and diagnostic field survey was conducted in six agro ecological zones (AEZs) of lower eastern Kenya during the long and short rains of 2018 to determine BCMD incidence (BCMD-I), severity (BCMD-S), bean aphid abundance (BAA), bean aphid incidence (BAI) and the management strategies applied by farmers. Significant (P≤0.001) variations observed for these traits between bean varieties, rainy seasons and AEZs implied that farmers could select and grow a tolerant bean variety or grow a variety either in a season or an AEZ with low BCMD and bean aphid pressure. Such included AEZ-UMSA with least mean BCMD-I (42%), BCMD-S (1.9) and BAI (11%) compared to two AEZs (LHSH & LM4) that showed BCMD-I of >70%, BCMD-S >3.0 and BAI >50%. The AEZs differences could be attributed to variations in altitudes, temperature and humidity that influences vector (aphid) movement. Of the nine bean varieties identified during the survey, Selian 14 was the most preferred by farmers (at ~35%) with relatively lower BCMD-I (~49%) and BAI (~35%) compared to the least (<5%) farmer-preferred variety Wairimu that showed higher BCMD-I (56%) and BAI (~68%). Therefore variety Selian 14 was considered tolerant to BCMD and bean aphid. Significant (P≤0.001) and positive correlations (r = 0.67) between BAI and BCMD-I implied an effective control of bean aphids could reduce the impact of BCMD on bean production. On visual diagnostics, >75% of farmers could generally identify diseased or pest-infested bean crops and stage of growth of the crop most affected. None (0%) could however identify BCMD symptoms although ~40% identified the vector bean aphids with ~26% implementing some form of aphid or pest management strategy. On management, season-driven early planting and bean intercropping were the most applied strategies (>80%), crop rotation and weed control accounted for ~71%, certified seeds at 1% and non-chemical or pesticide applications (0%). Both low adoption of certified seeds and no chemical aphid control were attributed to high costs, despite the possibility the two factors could have contributed to higher incidences and severity of BCMD in the study area as the disease is both seed and vector-borne. In summary, lack of knowledge and training among farmers on diagnosis and management of aphid-pests and BCMD, were cited as the main constraints for low bean cultivation. This study therefore recommends provision of adequate extension services and farmer training in lower eastern Kenya for improved bean yield and subsequent better family livelihoods and income.
Analysis of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Unfermented Palm Sap Reserved for Infant Feeding
Authors: Don Rodrigue Voko Bi Rosin , Christell Assohoun-Djeni Nanouman Marina , Bakary Coulibaly , Clément Kouassi Kouassi 
Published: October 2021

Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological parameters that could contribute to the depreciation of the quality of unfermented palm sap used for infant feeding.
Study Design: A survey was conducted in 20 villages and camps to determine if the practice was still current. Also, unfermented sap was produced from 5 palms by resource persons to control the quality during the days of exploitation.
Place and Duration of Study: The survey was carried out from March 1st to 30th in villages and camps in Central and Central-Western Cote d'Ivoire. The production of the sap took place during one week in the village of Akpessekro.
Methodology: 30 people, without distinction randomly crossed were questioned on the food consumed at the age of 0 to 6 months. Also, in the unfermented sap produced acidity, sugar content, loads of GAM, thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci, yeasts and molds were determined and multiple correlations were established between all parameters.
Results: In the villages and camps, palm sap is less and less used as infant food. During the first two days of palm farming, the acidity (6 < pH < 6.11) approximates that of breast milk or milk substitutes. However, after these two days, the acidity becomes high and the sugar content too low for infant feeding. In the unfermented sap, the loads of coliform fecal contamination germs are higher than the required standards. Also, the large load of lactic acid bacteria (≥1.5E+04 ufc/ml) and yeasts (1.4E+04 ufc/ml) present in the sap contribute to a depreciation of its quality over the days and when the sap is left to rest.
Conclusion: The quality of unfermented palm sap as infant food is not guaranteed. This is one of the reasons why this practice is in decline nowadays.
Autistic Effects of Nootropic Drug Brahmi against Propionic Acid-induced Behavior and Memory Impairment in Rat Model
Authors: Anamika P. K. , Muralidharan P. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the hydro alcoholic effect of Brahmi against propionic acid-induced behavior and memory impairment in rat model.
Study Design: This includes preclinical study on Sprague Dawley rats in which Propionic acid induced and evaluation of in vivo and in vitro models were performed.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, C L Baid Metha College of Pharmacy Jan 2019 to June 2021.
Methodology: We include a total of 27 adult Sprague Dawley Rats and induced propionic acid intracerebroventricular route to induce autism. Drug treatment using hydro alcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri was given in 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg was compared with negative group rats and control groups. In vivo parameters like Actophotometer and marble burying test was done, In vitro analysis of Serotonin and Glutamate was estimated in the above treated groups.
Results: The locomotor activity of rat was recorded individually for each animal using Actophotometer. HAEBM (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) treated rat produced an increase in the level of significance (P<0.0001) on day one. In marble burying test Rats were located for thirty minutes in a standard cage covered with 5 cm depth of wood chip bedding with ten marbles evenly spaced. HAEBM (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) showed significant (P<0.001) level of burying when compared to group-II rats (P<0.01). In this research study 5HT level showed a significant (P<0.001) increase in Group III, Group IV when compared with group-II (P<0.01). Glutamate is an excitatory Neurotransmitter. Group II showed significant increase (P<0.001) in the level of Glutamate but on drug treated groups III and IV shows decrease in concentration of glutamate.
Conclusion: The present study findings showed that the hydro alcoholic root extract of brahmi possesses neuroprotective activity with significant nootropic effects. The hydro alcoholic root extract of Bacopa monnieri. L showed the presence of various Gabapentin and flavonoids phenols may be the reason for its neuroprotection and memory improvement effects.
Diosgenin Nanoparticles Competes Plain Diosgenin on Reviving Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in DMBA Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma via Modulating the AhR-Nrf-2 Signaling Cascades
Authors: Vengaimaran Manobharathi , Dhamodharan Kalaiyarasi , Sankaran Mirunalini 
Published: October 2021

Background: Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin spotted as a primary ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines, has sparked the attention of researchers owing to its multi-targeted cytotoxicity towards a multitude of cancers. Regrettably, its true potential was bounded by its impoverished physicochemical properties. In order to fully exploit its ability, we plan to fabricate diosgenin into nanoparticle by encapsulating with biodegradable polymer chitosan.
Aim: The current research intends to uncover the therapeutic potency of diosgenin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (DG@CS-NP) on 7,12dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary carcinoma by optimizing biochemical and histopathological modifications via attenuating Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) - nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factors (Nrf-2) signaling.
Methodology: Breast cancer was induced with a single dose of DMBA (25 mg/kg b.wt). Orally supplied DG 10mg/kg b.wt. and DG@CS-NP 5 mg/kg b.wt to DMBA-induced tumor-bearing rats shortly after tumor onset. After the experimental period, biochemical and histopathological studies were performed using mammary tissue sections. Furthermore, architectural immunohistochemistry was used to reveal the expression of AhR and Nrf-2 in experimental rats. Additionally, diosgenin interactions with these proteins were also evidently confirmed by molecular docking analysis.
Result: We noticed that there is an elevated level of lipid peroxidative marker, phase-I detoxification enzymes, total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) with boosted AhR expressions as well as diminished levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and Phase – II detoxification enzymes with downtrodden Nrf-2 expressions in the mammary tissues of DMBA-induced rats. On the other contrary, oral dosing of DG@CS-NP 5 mg/kg b.wt, dramatically reverted them to near-normal tiers. Interestingly, molecular docking analyses also corroborate these insights by highlighting diosgenin's significant interactions with AhR and Nrf-2 targets.
Conclusion: As an outcome of our observations, we conclude that nano-encapsulation of diosgenin is a potent targeted therapeutic candidate posing a massive impact on breast cancer than plain diosgenin.