bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘If I hadn’t seen this picture, I'd be smoking’—perceptions about innovations in health warnings for cigarette packages in Brazil: a focus group study
Authors: Perez Cristina de Abreu , Camacho Luiz Antonio Bastos , Mendes Felipe Lacerda , Oliveira da Silva Andre Luiz , Figueiredo Valeska Carvalho , Latuf Gloria Maria de Oliveira , Fernandes Ana Marcia Messeder Sebrao , Albertassi Patrícia Gonçalves Duarte , Castello Branco Patricia Aleksitch , Branco Patricia Francisco , Piras Stefania Schimaneski , Suarez Maribel Carvalho 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the perceptions of young people and adults, smokers and non-smokers about the current set of innovations introduced in 2018 into the Brazilian tobacco products’ health warnings.MethodsTwenty focus groups were conducted in five state capitals in Brazil. The participants (n=163) were segmented by smoking status, age (15–17 years, 18–55 years) and social grade (C, D–E classes) to examine cigarette packaging and explore the participants’ perceptions of health warnings.ResultsHealth warnings capture attention, eliciting apprehension, fear, disgust and concern about the negative consequences of cigarette consumption. The 2018 Brazil health warnings are spontaneously recalled by participants, even without the presence of cigarette packages. However, the analysis also reveals the challenges of overcoming communication barriers and distorted interpretations, especially among smokers. The inclusion of direct and provocative stimuli, such as the use of the word ‘you’, attracts attention and creates more proximity to the recipient of the message. The results also highlight the interest and fear elicited by warnings on toxic constituents and the importance of using contrasting colours in warnings, which differentiate them from the colours of cigarette packs.ConclusionIntroducing innovative components in health warnings can catch consumers’ attention but considering that the interviewees encountered difficulties interpreting textual warnings about toxic constituents in cigarettes, the study reinforces the importance of adopting direct language and pictures, instead of text, which can visually transmit the warning messages and the use of specific wording that generates proximity between the emitter and receiver.
Final results of CALDER: kinetic inductance light detectors to search for rare events
Authors: Cardani L. , Casali N. , Colantoni I. , Cruciani A. , Di Domizio S. , Martinez M. , Pettinacci V. , Pettinari G. , Vignati M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe next generation of bolometric experiments searching for rave events, in particular for the neutrino-less double beta decay, needs fast, high-sensitivity and easy-to-scale cryogenic light detectors. The CALDER project (2014–2020) developed a new technology for light detection at cryogenic temperature. In this paper we describe the achievements and the final prototype of this project, consisting of a $$5\times 5~\hbox {cm}^2$$

5
×
5

cm
2

, $$650~\upmu \text {m}$$

650

μ
m

thick silicon substrate coupled to a single kinetic inductance detector made of a three-layer aluminum-titanium-aluminum. The baseline energy resolution is $$34\pm 1$$

34
±
1

(stat)$$\pm 2$$

±
2

(syst) eV RMS and the response time is $$120~\upmu $$

120

μ

s. These features, along with the natural multiplexing capability of kinetic inductance detectors, meet the requirements of future large-scale experiments.
Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity as Predictors of Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rahmani Jamal , Parastouei Karim , Taghdir Maryam , Santos Heitor O. , Hosseini Balam Farinaz , Saberi Isfeedvajani Mohsen 
Published: July 2021

Background. The overall dietary quality, as well as the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), deserves central attention in the management of borderline high glucose levels since nonpharmacological strategies are imperative in this regard. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between prediabetes with dietary quality and DTAC. Methods. A case-control study was conducted on 49 patients with prediabetes and 98 controls. Demographics, anthropometric measures, and fasting blood glucose levels of all participants were obtained. Participants completed a validated 80-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DTAC scores were generated using FFQ data, and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was used as a diet quality index. The lowest tertile of HEI-2015 and DTAC was considered as the reference category, and logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between prediabetes with HEI-215 and DTAC. Results. Mean age and body mass index of participants were 47.42 ± 15.98 years and 27.90 ± 4.96 kg/m2. Patients with prediabetes had lower DTAC scores when compared to controls (11.86 ± 5.77 and 17.81 ± 12.08,

P

= 0.01). There was a significant inverse association between the highest tertile of the DTAC score when compared with the lowest tertile in crude (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03–0.43), age-adjusted (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03–0.48), and fully adjusted (OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02–0.53) models. In contrast, there was no difference between HEI-2015 in patients with prediabetes when compared to controls (74.41 ± 8.91 and 74.41 ± 9.35, respectively;

P

= 0.85). Correspondingly, no difference was observed between the highest tertile of the HEI-2015 score when compared with the lowest tertile in crude (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.53–2.86), age-adjusted (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.48–2.82), and fully adjusted (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.56–4.16) models. Conclusion. This study demonstrates a clear association between prediabetes with less DTAC, but not with HEI-2015.
Early Increased Physical Activity, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Survival After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation
Authors: Atwater Brett D. , Li Zhen , Pritchard Jessica , Greiner Melissa A. , Nabutovsky Yelena , Hammill Bradley G. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Increased physical activity (PA) through cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves outcomes in patients with heart failure and coronary disease, but CR referral remains infrequent. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can provide daily PA measurements to patients that may motivate them to increase PA, but it remains unclear if increased ICD measured PA is associated with improved outcomes with and without CR.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study of 41 731 Medicare beneficiaries with ICD implantation between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. We linked daily ICD PA measurements and Medicare claims data to determine if increased PA is associated with a reduction in the likelihood of death or heart failure hospitalization. To determine if CR participation altered the effect of PA on outcomes, we performed two additional analyses matching CR participants and nonparticipants using propensity scores. The first match included demographics, comorbidities, and baseline PA measurements. The second match also included the change in PA measured during CR or the same time frame after ICD implant among nonparticipants.

Results:

The mean age was 75 (SD, 10) years, 30 182 beneficiaries (72.3%) were male, and 1324 (3%) participated in CR. Increased ICD detected PA was associated with improved survival. CR participants had a mean PA change of +9.7 (SD, 57.8) min/d, whereas nonparticipants had a mean change of −1.0 (SD, 59.7) min/d (
P
<0.001). After matching for demographics, comorbidities and baseline PA, CR participants had significantly lower 1- to 3-year mortality (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69–0.85],
P
=0.03). After additionally matching for the ICD measured change in PA during CR there were no differences in mortality with and without CR (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.82–1.21],
P
=0.87). Every 10 minutes of increased daily PA was associated with a 1.1% reduction in all-cause mortality in both groups.

Conclusions:
Among Medicare beneficiaries with ICDs, small increases in PA were associated with significant reductions in all-cause mortality.
Notes sur Ḥasan Aġa, gouverneur d’Alger (1533–1544)
Authors: Vatin Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

Résumé
Ḥasan Aġa remplaça à Alger son maître Hayr ed-Dîn Barberousse de 1533 à 1544. Mais on ne dispose pas d’étude systématique récente à son sujet. Tel est l’objet de cet article. Fondé sur la comparaison de l’ensemble des sources publiées (archives ou chroniques arabes, ottomanes ou espagnoles), il en souligne les convergences ou les contradictions, rétablit quelques vérités et s’interroge sur la nature et l’action du personnage : serviteur fidèle du sultan ottoman et de Hayr ed-Dîn, mais diffèrent de ce dernier par sa personnalité et son mode de gouvernement il fut un local, le premier Ottoman algérois au pouvoir.
Potential for Ground-Based Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding over Mountains in the Interior Western United States and Anticipated Changes in a Warmer Climate
Authors: Mazzetti Thomas O. , Geerts Bart , Xue Lulin , Tessendorf Sarah , Weeks Courtney , Wang Yonggang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlaciogenic cloud seeding has long been practiced as a way to increase water availability in arid regions, such as the interior western United States. Many seeding programs in this region target cold-season orographic clouds with ground-based silver iodide generators. Here, the “seedability” (defined as the fraction of time that conditions are suitable for ground-based seeding) is evaluated in this region from 10 years of hourly output from a regional climate model with a horizontal resolution of 4 km. Seedability criteria are based on temperature, presence of supercooled liquid water, and Froude number, which is computed here as a continuous field relative to the local terrain. The model’s supercooled liquid water compares reasonably well to microwave radiometer observations. Seedability peaks at 20%–30% for many mountain ranges in the cold season, with the best locations just upwind of crests, over the highest terrain in Colorado and Wyoming, as well as over ranges in the northwest interior. Mountains farther south are less frequently seedable, because of warmer conditions, but when they are, cloud supercooled liquid water content tends to be relatively high. This analysis is extended into a future climate, anticipated for later this century, with a mean temperature 2.0 K warmer than the historical climate. Seedability generally will be lower in this future warmer climate, especially in the most seedable areas, but, when seedable, clouds tend to contain slightly more supercooled liquid water.
The Influence of Weather Watch Type on the Quality of Tornado Warnings and its Implications for Future Forecasting Systems
Authors: Krocak Makenzie J. , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile many studies have looked at the quality of forecast products, few have attempted to understand the relationship between them. We begin to consider whether or not such an influence exists by analyzing storm-based tornado warning product metrics with respect to whether they occurred within a severe weather watch and, if so, what type of watch they occurred within.The probability of detection, false alarm ratio, and lead time all show a general improvement with increasing watch severity. In fact, the probability of detection increased more as a function of watch-type severity than the change in probability of detection during the time period of analysis. False alarm ratio decreased as watch type increased in severity, but with a much smaller magnitude than the difference in probability of detection. Lead time also improved with an increase in watch-type severity. Warnings outside of any watch had a mean lead time of 5.5 minutes, while those inside of a particularly dangerous situation tornado watch had a mean lead time of 15.1 minutes. These results indicate that the existence and type of severe weather watch may have an influence on the quality of tornado warnings. However, it is impossible to separate the influence of weather watches from possible differences in warning strategy or differences in environmental characteristics that make it more or less challenging to warn for tornadoes. Future studies should attempt to disentangle these numerous influences to assess how much influence intermediate products have on downstream products.
Serum GP88 as a predictive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with viral hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral agents
Authors: Ishida Hidekazu , Takemura Masao , Suetsugu Atsushi , Naiki Takafumi , Tanaka Takuji , Eiichi Tomita , Serrero Ginette , Matsunami Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Yasuko , Saito Kuniaki 
Published: July 2021

Background Progranulin (GP88) is an 88-kDa glycoprotein growth factor with important biological effects in tumorigenesis and tumour survival. We investigated the usefulness of measuring serum GP88 concentrations as a predictive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with viral hepatitis C after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents. Methods We measured the serum GP88 concentrations by using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay from 67 healthy control subjects and 29 patients (20 patients who did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma and 9 patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment) with viral hepatitis C after treatment with asunaprevir and daclatasvir. Results The serum GP88 concentrations of patients with chronic hepatitis C prior to antiviral treatment were significantly higher than those of healthy control subjects. After antiviral treatment, the serum GP88 concentrations of patients who eventually developed hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly higher than those who did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The changes in the serum GP88 concentrations before and after treatment in patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly lower than those in patients who did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher in either patients with high serum GP88 concentrations after treatment or those with small changes of serum GP88 concentrations pre- and post-treatment. Conclusions Sustained high concentrations of serum GP88 in patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents are correlated with the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
Improving the Assessment of Teaching Effectiveness With the Nonequivalent Dependent Variables Approach
Authors: Reynolds Joshua J. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Assessing teaching effectiveness is relevant for improving one’s teaching and for moving through the tenure process; however, the validity of assessment methods, such as Student Evaluations of Teaching (SET), have been heavily criticized. Statement of the Problem: Using a one–group pretest–posttest design and assessing learning over the semester has several advantages over SET; however, one drawback is in making conclusions about the cause of changes in the post-test. A change could be due to learning in the semester, maturation, history, or even a testing effect. Literature Review: To improve the inferential quality of teaching assessment, a nonequivalent dependent variable (DV) design is highly advantageous. A nonequivalent DV is an outcome that is not the target of the intervention yet responds to the same contextually relevant factors. Teaching Implications: By using a nonequivalent DV design, there might be an increase from the beginning of the semester to the end of the semester in the main DV, but no increase in the nonequivalent DV, which provides a stronger argument that the change in the main DV is due to a true learning effect. Conclusion: Using nonequivalent DV methodology improves inferential quality and is easily implemented.
Fintech and responsibility: Buy-now-pay-later arrangements
Authors: Gerrans Paul , Baur Dirk G , Lavagna-Slater Shane 
Published: July 2021

Buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) arrangements have rapidly emerged as a short-term debt option, and like other innovative and disruptive Fintech, challenge existing regulation. BNPL arrangements avoided prescribed ‘responsible lending’ legislative obligations, which applied to similar short-term credit products. Instead, BNPL relies on ‘responsible spending’ in providing a potentially cheaper option than alternatives such as credit cards. We describe the interplay of regulation and responsibility with BNPL. A survey investigates whether a key demographic (young adults) have an appetite or skill for responsible use. We analyse the preference for BNPL relative to credit cards and the role of financial literacy and traits including propensity to plan and save. The findings suggest that financial literacy reduces perceived BNPL benefits and that lower financial literacy is associated with more benefits and less risks. JEL Classification: G53, D14, G51, G41, G18
Effect of a Porous Suture Containing Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 on Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rat Model
Authors: Yoon Jong Pil , Kim Hun-Min , Choi Jin-Hyun , Kang Hae Rim , Kim Dong Hyun , Choi Young Seo , Kim Kyung-Rock , Kim Ja-Yeon , Baek Samuel , Chung Seok Won 
Published: July 2021

Background: The healing failure rate after rotator cuff repair is considerably high. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a porous suture containing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on the sustained release of TGF-β1 and rotator cuff healing in a rat model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A porous suture was developed, and its tensile strength was measured. TGF-β1 was delivered using the porous suture, and a TGF-β1 release test and human fibroblast proliferation assay were performed. For the animal experiment, 30 rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 10 each). A bilateral supraspinatus tendon tear was made in all the rats, and repair was performed. Group 1 received repair only; group 2, repair and a single injection of TGF-β1; and group 3, repair using the porous suture containing TGF-β1. Eight weeks after repair, biomechanical and histological analyses were performed. Results: The porous suture was successfully developed with mechanical properties compatible with the conventional suture, and the sustained release of TGF-β1 from the porous suture was confirmed. In addition, the cell proliferation assay confirmed the biological safety of the porous suture. In the animal experiment, group 3 biomechanically exhibited the largest cross-sectional area and the highest ultimate failure load and ultimate stress (all P < .05). Histological examination revealed that group 3 showed significantly better collagen fiber density and tendon-to-bone maturation than did groups 1 and 2 (all P < .05). Conclusion: The porous suture containing TGF-β1 could sustainedly and safely release TGF-β1, and its use during rotator cuff repair could improve rotator cuff healing, as assessed on the basis of the biomechanical and histological changes in the rat model in this study. Considering the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of the porous suture without extra effort in surgery, the findings of the present study will have a far-reaching effect on the treatment of rotator cuff tears. Clinical Relevance: The porous suture containing TGF-β1 might improve healing after rotator cuff repair.
Impact of ABCDE Bundle Implementation in the Intensive Care Unit on Specific Patient Costs
Authors: Otusanya Olufisayo T. , Hsieh S. Jean , Gong Michelle Ng , Gershengorn Hayley B. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To measure the impact of full versus partial ABCDE bundle implementation on specific cost centers and related resource utilization. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Two medical ICUs within Montefiore Health System (Bronx, NY). Patients: Four hundred and seventy-two mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the medical ICUs during a hospitalization which began and ended between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013. Interventions: The full (A)wakening, (B)reathing, (C)oordination, (D)elirium Monitoring/Management and (E)arly Mobilization bundle was implemented in the intervention ICU while a portion of the bundle (A, B, and D components) was implemented in the comparison ICU. Measurements and Main Results: Relative to the comparison ICU, implementation of the entire bundle in the intervention ICU was associated with a 27.3% (95% CI: 9.9%, 41.3%; P = 0.004) decrease in total hospital laboratory costs and a 2,888.6% (95% CI: 77.9%, 50,113.2%; P = 0.018) increase in total hospital physical therapy costs. Cost of total hospital medications, diagnostic radiology and respiratory therapy were unchanged. Relative to the comparison ICU, total hospital resource use decreased in the intervention ICU (incidence rate ratio [95% CI], laboratory: 0.68 [0.54, 0.87], P = 0.002; diagnostic radiology: 0.75 [0.59, 0.96], P = 0.020). Conclusions: Full ABCDE bundle implementation resulted in a decrease in total hospital laboratory costs and total hospital laboratory and diagnostic resource utilization while leading to an increase in physical therapy costs.
The novel hybrid polycarbonate polyurethane / polyester three-layered large-diameter artificial blood vessel
Authors: Gu Yuanrui , Tian Chen , Qin Yilang , Sun Yangxue , Liu Sishi , Li Huichai , Duan Xuejing , Shu Chang , Ouyang Chenxi 
Published: July 2021

Background The most common materials of artificial blood vessels are polyethylene terephthalate and polytetrafluoroethylene. But polycarbonate polyurethane (PCU) is an ideal material for vascular prostheses because of their excellent characteristics. As far as we know, our artificial blood vessel is the first type of hybrid PCU/polyester three-layered large-diameter artificial blood vessel in the world. Objective The purpose of this preclinical animal experiment is to evaluate the hemocompatibility, histocompatibility, effectiveness, and safety of the three-layered large-diameter artificial blood vessel in sheep. Methods The artificial blood vessels took place of the initial segments of the sheep’s thoracic aorta by end-to-end anastomosis. Results All of the 14 sheep are male, their average body weight (BW) was 30.57 ± 3.95 kg. All 14 artificial blood vessels successfully replaced the thoracic aortas. 5 sheep did not survive to the end of the experiment, while the remaining 9 sheep did. After the surgery, the blood biochemical and blood routine indicators fluctuate slightly within the normal range. The angiography showed that the implanted artificial blood vessels were unobstructed without obvious stenosis or expansion. 24 weeks after surgery, the lumen surfaces of the artificial blood vessels were covered by endothelia in different degrees, and the average endothelialization rate was 69.44% (range: 20% to 100%). Conclusions This artificial blood vessel is the first to use PCU in large-diameter artificial vascular grafts. It has excellent blood compatibility, wonderful biocompatibility, high endothelialization rate, and 100% patency.