bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Robinia pseudoacania L fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in the protection of historical bronze objects
Authors: Pourzarghan Vahid , Fazeli-Nasab Bahman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of bronze disease is considered as the most important factor in the destruction of bronze objects. Different methods have been proposed to deal with it. The most important inhibitors used in this regard are BTA and AMT. While these inhibitors control the corrosion, they are toxic and cancerous. In ideal conditions, these inhibitors are able to slow down the activity of chlorine ion, but leave some side effects after a period of treatment. Today, plant extracts are used for this purpose. In this study, Robinia pseudoacania L extract was selected for this purpose.The acacia fruit extract (200ppm to 1800 ppm) was used to the prevention of corrosion inhibition of bronze alloy in corrosive sodium chloride solution 0.5 M. The Bronze alloy used in this research, was made based on the same percentage as the ancient alloys (Cu-10Sn). This alloy was used for the effect of corrosion inhibitors in the potentiostat device, the weight loss method. The experiment was conducted in split plot desgin in time based on the randomized complete design in four replications. Mean comparison showed that the highest rate of corrosion inhibition (93.5%) was obtained at a concentration of 1800 ppm and with increasing the concentration of the extract, corrosion inhibition also increased. EDX analysis of the control sample matrix showed that the amount of chlorine, which is the most important factor in the destruction of bronze disease, was 8.47%wt while in the presence of corrosive sodium chloride solution, after 4 weeks, the amount of chlorine detected was 3.20%wt. According to the morphology (needle and rhombus) of these corrosion products based on the SEM image, it can be said that they are of the type of atacamite and paratacamite that have caused bronze disease in historical bronze works. At higher concentrations of acacia extract, the presence and growth of fungi has been observed, which can cause poor performance of acacia extract in the long run.the green inhibitor of acacia fruit aqueous extract can play an effective role in inhibiting corrosion of bronze, but at higher concentrations, it became fungal, which can reduce the role of acacia fruit aqueous extract and even ineffective. Because green inhibitors can play an effective role in preventing the corrosion of bronze works. But to get better performance of these inhibitors, more tests need to be done to improve and optimize.
A cluster RCT and process evaluation evaluating the effectiveness of an optimisation intervention to promote parental engagement in a childhood obesity prevention programme: Results of the Optimising Family Engagement in HENRY (OFTEN) trial
Authors: Bryant Maria , Burton Wendy , Collinson Michelle , Farrin Amanda , Nixon Jane , Stevens June , Roberts Kim , Foy Robbie , Rutter Harry , Copsey Bethan , Hartley Suzanne , Tubeuf Sandy , Brown Julia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Low parental participation reduces the impact and sustainability of public health childhood obesity prevention programmes. Using data from a focused ethnography, we developed a multi-level, theory-based implementation optimisation intervention. The optimisation intervention aimed to support local authorities and children’s centres to adopt behaviours to promote engagement in ‘HENRY (Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young)’, a UK community obesity prevention intervention. Methods We evaluated the effectiveness of the optimisation intervention on programme enrolment and completion over a 12 implementation period in a cluster randomised controlled trial. We randomised 20 local government authorities (with 126 children’s centres) to HENRY plus the optimisation intervention or to HENRY alone. Primary outcomes were (1) the proportion of centres enrolling at least eight parents per programme and (2) the proportion of centres with a minimum of 75% of parents attending at least five of eight sessions per programme. Trial analyses adjusted for stratification factors (pre-randomisation implementation of HENRY, local authority size, deprivation) and allowed for cluster design. A parallel mixed-methods process evaluation used qualitative interview data and routine monitoring to explain trial results. Results Neither primary outcome differed significantly between groups; 17.8% of intervention centres and 18.0% of control centres achieved the parent enrolment target (adjusted difference -1.2%; 95%CI: -19.5%, 17.1%); 17.1% of intervention centres and 13.9% of control centres achieved the attendance target (adjusted difference 1.2%; 95%CI: -15.7%, 18.1%). Unexpectedly, the trial coincided with substantial national service restructuring, including centre closures and reduced funds. Some commissioning and management teams stopped or reduced implementation of both HENRY and the optimisation intervention due to competing demands. Thus, at follow up, HENRY programmes were delivered to approximately half the number of parents compared to baseline (n=433 vs. 881). Conclusions During a period in which services were reduced by policies outside the realm of this research, this first definitive trial found no evidence of effectiveness for an implementation optimisation intervention promoting parent engagement in an obesity prevention intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02675699 registered 4th February 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02675699
Visualizing nanometric structures with sub-millimeter waves
Authors: Romero Alonso Ingar , Mukherjee Amlan kusum , Olvera Anuar Fernandez , Aller Mario Mendez , Preu Sascha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The resolution along the propagation direction of far field imagers can be much smaller than the wavelength by exploiting coherent interference phenomena. We demonstrate a height profile precision as low as 31 nm using wavelengths between 0.375 mm and 0.5 mm (corresponding to 0.6 THz-0.8 THz) by evaluating the Fabry-Pérot oscillations within surface-structured samples. We prove the extreme precision by visualizing structures with a height of only 49 nm, corresponding to 1:7500 to 1:10000 vacuum wavelengths, a height difference usually only accessible to near field measurement techniques at this wavelength range. This precision surpasses the state-of-the-art by 1-2 orders of magnitude. At the same time, the approach can determine thicknesses in the centimeter range, surpassing the dynamic range of any near field measurement system by orders of magnitude. The measurement technique combined with a Hilbert-transform approach yields the (optical) thickness extracted from the relative phase without any extraordinary wavelength stabilization.
Laser-assisted two-color two-photon double ionization of helium atoms
Authors: Zhu Zhizhen , Liu Kai , Zhang Xiaofan , Li Ye , Wang Feng , Qin Meiyan , Wang Zhe , Liao Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Correlated momentum and kinetic energy distributions of two photoelectrons in laser-assisted two-color two-photon double ionization of helium are investigated by numerically solving a one-plus-one dimensional time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation (TDSE). We find that the weak assisting laser field can act as an energy transferring field, resulting in burst of double ionization. More importantly, the participation of the laser photon into the double ionization reshapes the correlation patterns in the momentum and kinetic energy distributions. The laser photon can be absorbed by any one of the two electrons, providing two channels that induces destructive interference in the correlated momentum and kinetic energy distributions, which is never found in previous work.
Spatial Variations of B-Value and Fundamental Parameters of The Earthquake Occurrences in The Eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus
Authors: Ahadov Bahruz , Ozturk Serkan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Gutenberg-Richter (GR) law is a well-known empirical relation in seismology, which describes the frequency of earthquake occurrence as a function of the magnitude. The \(b\)-value anomalies may indicate the high or low-stress levels in the heterogeneity or the crust's thermal gradient. Some researchers have examined the spatial and temporal anomalies of the \(b\)-value before the mainshock and the aftershocks' spatial variability. The variations of the magnitude completeness (\({M}_{c}\)) have estimated from the different earthquake catalogues. The high-resolution map of the GR \(b\)-value, \({M}_{c}\) and stress variance have analysed in the different seismic regions in the Eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. This study considered the spatial anomalies and correlation models between the \(b\)-value, faulting styles, and stress regime and moment release. Lower \(b\)-values (\(b\le 1\)) were observed along with the Main Marmara Fault (MMF), eastern Turkey, western Alborz, northern Zagros, southeast Iran and the northeast Caucasus, which indicates the active seismic region. The \({M}_{c}\) level in most of Turkey is in and around 2.8, and in the Caucasus is \({M}_{c}\)=3, while Iran has \({M}_{c}\)=3.5 value. This work includes a stress inversion map in the region based on the focal mechanisms. The normal, strike-slip and a few thrust fault solutions were observed in the research area. Consequently, the spatial pattern of the \(b\)-values and stress regime can be used as a tool for predicting the forthcoming seismic hazard regions.
Arthroscopic Cartilage Regeneration Facilitating Procedure: A Decompressing Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lyu Shaw-Ruey , Hung Jung-Pin , Hsu Chia-Chen , Chen Yu-Ruei , Lin Chih-Wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been subject to debate. This study presents an innovative concept of arthroscopic management for knee OA and investigates its clinical outcome.Methods An arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure (ACRFP) to eliminate medial abrasion phenomenon and decompress the patello-femoral joints was performed on 693 knees of 411 patients with knee OA, mean age 60 years (34-90). The Knee Society score (KSS) and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) were used for subjective outcome study. Roentgenographic changes for all cases and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variations for twenty randomly selected cases were evaluated for objective outcomes. Results There were 634 knees in 369 patients (93.7%) available with more than 3 years of follow-ups (mean 40 months, SD 9). The overall subjective satisfactory rate was 91.1%. The KSS and all subscales of the KOOS improved statistically. Reversal of the degeneration process of cartilage was observed in 80.1% of the whole series (radiographic outcome) and in 72.2% of the 18 randomly selected cases (one-year MRI outcome study). Gender and OA severity were related to subjective outcomes. Age, body mass index (BMI), pre-operative hyaluronic acid injection, OA severity, and the type and severity of the medial plica are important predictors of radiographic outcomes. An analysis of failed cases reaffirmed the need for early ACRFP and skillful post-operative care. Conclusion ACRFP is an effective treatment for knee OA. If performed in time, it can satisfy most patients and might modify their degeneration process.
Visual outcomes after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane in pseudophakic eyes with a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens.
Authors: Arrevola-Velasco Luis , Beltrán Jaime , Gimeno Maria Jesus , Ortega-Usobiaga Julio , Druchkiv Vasyl , Llovet-Osuna Fernando , Baviera-Sabater Julio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect on visual outcomes of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for removal of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in pseudophakic eyes. Methods: This is retrospective case-series study on 20 eyes with a single model of trifocal IOL that underwent PPV for removal of ERM between January 2015 and September 2018 in our clinics. Follow up was at least 1 year. Primary outcome measure was mean change in visual acuity. Other outcome measures were mean change in central macular thickness (CMT), recovery of the external retinal layers, and change in spherical equivalent (SE). Results: Mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.03±0.03 logMAR after phacoemulsification; this worsened to 0.23±0.10 logMAR with ERM, improving to 0.10±0.04 log MAR 12 months after PPV (p=0.001). Mean uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) was Jaeger 2.62±0.51 after lensectomy. This worsened to Jaeger 5.46±1.67 with ERM and improved to the initial Jaeger 2.69±0.84 after PPV (p=0.005). CMT decreased significantly, from 380.15 ±60.50 µm with the ERM to 313.70 ±36.98 µm after PPV. Mean SE after lensectomy was -0.18 ±0.38 D, which minimally changed to – 0.18±0.47 D after PPV (p=0.99). The only complication recorded after PPV was a case of cystoid macular edema. No difficulties in visualization due to IOL design were reported during PPV. Conclusion: PPV for ERM in eyes with this trifocal IOL is safe and effective, and allows recovery of the loss of UNVA.
tRNA Derived Fragment (tRF)-3009 Modulates IFN-α-induced CD4+ T Cell Oxidative Phosphorylation in Lupus Patients
Authors: Geng Guannan , Wang Huijing , Xin Weiwei , Liu Zhe , Chen Jie , Danting Zhang , Han Fei , Ye Shuang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play important roles in cellular homeostasis. Here we aimed to explore aberrant expression of tRFs in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their potential function in SLE pathogenesis.
Methods
First, small RNA sequencing was performed on CD4+ T cells from four SLE patients and three healthy controls (HCs). Candidate tRFs were then validated in CD4+ T cells from 97 SLE patients and their relevant disease controls using qRT-PCR. Then sequencing was used to investigate the profiles of HC-derived CD4+ T cells transfected with tRF-3009. Lastly, tRF-3009 siRNA or tRF-3009 mimics were transfected into CD4+ T cells with/without IFN-α. Changes in oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP, and ROS production were analyzed.
Results
We identified 482 differentially expressed tRFs from SLE CD4+ T cells. With tRF-3009 identified for further analysis due to its upregulation and the positive correlations between its expression and SLEDAI, active lupus nephritis and serum IFN-α levels. In vitro, tRF-3009 over-expressing CD4+ T cell profiling and putative analysis linked this product to the type I IFN and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways. Interestingly, IFN-α is capable of inducing ROS and ATP production in CD4+ T cells, while knockdown of tRF-3009 reversed this process. Overexpression of tRF-3009 in CD4+ T cells alone was sufficient to upregulate OCR, ROS, and ATP production.
Conclusions
Our study is the first to link aberrant tRF expression and SLE. tRF-3009 may serve as a metabolic modulator for IFN-α-induced CD4+ T cell OXPHOS in SLE.
Metabolome analysis of masseter muscle in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8)
Authors: Kato Yoshiaki , Hoshino Teruhide , Ogawa Yudai , Sugahara Keisuke , Katakura Akira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Frailty is a vulnerable state that marks the transition to long-term care for the elders. Recently, the relationship between frailty and oral function has been attracting attention. By clarifying the specific metabolic changes in the masseter muscle, we aimed to contribute to maintenance of masticatory function. The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes in masseter muscle of senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice metabolites and metabolic pathways due to aging. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry metabolome analysis was performed on the masseter muscle of 12-week-old, 40-week-old, and 55-week-old mice. Expression analysis was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence for the metabolome pathways extracted by metabolome analysis that considered to be related to aging. Nineteen metabolites had a significant difference in absolute quantitative values and were considered to affect the first principal component by factor loading. The extracted metabolic pathways were glycolysis, polyamine metabolome pathway, and purine metabolome pathway. RT-PCR was performed on the extracted metabolome pathways. Expression of the spermidine synthase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase genes with significant differences by RT-PCR was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The metabolic pathways considered to be related to aging in masseter muscle were glycolysis, polyamine metabolic pathway, and purine metabolic pathway.
Obstruction of Capillaries by circulating large Monocytes causes Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wilden Anika , Glaubitz Juliane , Otto Oliver , Biedenweg Doreen , Nauck Matthias , Mack Matthias , Ribback Silvia , Bröker Barbara , von Rheinbaben Sabrina Freiin , Lerch Markus , Aghdassi Ali , Weiss Frank , Sendler Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder, the severe form of which is burdened with high mortality. The pathogenesis of severity-driving organ manifestations, such as respiratory and renal failure, is unknown. We used samples from 300 pancreatitis patients and an experimental model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) to characterize severity-dependent cytokine profiles and resident/circulating immune cell populations by flow-cytometry and real-time- fluorescence and deformability-cytometry analysis. On functional, immunolabelling and in-vivo antibody-depletion experiments we confirmed the role of inflammatory cells in pancreatitis but found neither T-cells, Ly6g+-neutrophils or granulocytic-myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells (gMDSC) but a massive mobilisation of CCR2+/CD11b+-monocytes to be responsible for lung and kidney injury during SAP. Real-time-fluorescence and deformability-cytometry analyses suggest, that the physical properties of monocytes, especially their large size, results in an obstruction of the fine capillary-systems of the lung or of the kidney glomeruli. Their selective depletion can represent a promising treatment strategy for pancreatitis as well as other inflammation-related disorders.
Developing and Evaluating A Real-time and Cost-Efficient Architecture for COVID-19 Using Internet of Health Things
Authors: Borujeni Ahmad Malekian , Fathy Mahmood , Mozayani Nasser 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus is spreading an outbreak in the world and the medical staffs have been coming under further strain with increasing in patients referring to the hospital. Real-time health monitoring systems play a critical role in prevention, control the pandemic disease, and enhance the entire health care service delivery in real-time, and influence on visiting the hospital visiting the hospital. In this paper, a hierarchical architecture for the Internet of Things is improved using resource and task management techniques for reducing emergency response time and enhanced the patients’ quality of experiences considering energy consumption, network delay, cost of execution in the cloud and network usage. In this proposed scenario, the task is divided into subtasks and processes depending on their functions with different execution times. This method also has led to improving the fog architecture. This proposed method is modeled are evaluated in terms of the specified parameters, using the iFogsim toolkit. The results showed an improvement of 80 percent in their parameters such as cost of execution, total network usage, and average delays, compared to the cloud and other common architecture.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels Enhanced by Cellulose Nanocrystals Stabilized Pickering Emulsions with Self-Healing Performance in Subzero Environment
Authors: Fan Qichao , Lin Bencai , Nie Yu , Sun Qing , Wang Wenxiang , Bai Liangjiu , Chen Hou , Yang Lixia , Yang Huawei , Wei Donglei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, hydrogels as flexible materials have attracted considerable attention in frontier fields such as wearable electronic devices, soft actuators and robotics. However, most hydrogels use water as matrix will inevitably freeze at subzero and damage in severe environment, which greatly reducing their service life and practical value. Herein, nanocomposite hydrogels with self-healing performance at subzero temperatures were proposed by introducing binary water-glycerol continuous phase and dual self-healing interactions. The efficacy of binary solvents was emphasized in preventing formation of ice crystals, enhancing flexible and self-healing abilities of hydrogels in subzero environment. Particularly, linseed oil (LO) as healing agent was effectively loaded in Pickering droplets by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Due to external healing agent and non-covalent bonding, hydrogels showed good self-healing performance at subzero temperature (the healing efficiency could be up to 80.1% for 12 h at -20 ℃). Thus, the designed hydrogels demonstrated multifunctional properties to overcome adverse conditions, which greatly elevated their durability and practicality.
An Autonomous Laser Kirigami Method With Low-Cost Real-Time Vision-Based Surface Deformation Feedback System
Authors: Wang Zhujiang , Wang Zimo , Ko Woo-Hyun , Iquebal Ashif Sikandar , Nguyen Vu , Kazerooni Nazanin Afsar , Ma Qiyang , Sriniv Arun , Kumar Panganamala Ramana , Bukkapatnam Satish 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We introduce an autonomous laser kirigami technique, a novel custom manufacturing machine system which functions somewhat similar to a photocopier. This technique is capable of creating functional freeform shell structures using cutting and folding (kirigami) operations on sheet precursors. Conventional laser kirigami techniques are operated manually and rely heavily on precise calibrations. However, it is unrealistic to design and plan out the process (open loop) to realize arbitrary geometric features from a wide variety of materials. In our work, we develop and demonstrate a completely autonomous system, which is composed of a laser system, a 4-axis robotic arm, a real-time vision-based surface deformation monitoring system, and an associated control system. The laser system is based on the Lasersaur, which is a 120-Watt CO2 open source laser cutter. The robotic arm is employed to precisely adjust the distance between a workpiece and the laser lens so that a focused and defocused laser beam can be used to cut and fold the workpiece respectively. The four-axis robotic arm provides flexibility for expanding the limits of possible shapes, compared to conventional laser machine setups where the workpiece is fixed on rigid holders. The real-time vision-based surface deformation monitoring system is composed of four low-cost cameras, an integrated AI-assisted algorithm, and the sensors (detachable planar markers) mounted on the polymer-based sheet precursors, and allows real-time monitoring of the sheet forming process and geometric evolution with a geometric feature estimation error less than 5 % and delay time around 100ms. The developed control system manages the laser power, the laser scanning speed, the motion of the robotic arm based on the designed plan as well as the close-loop feedback provided by the vision-based surface deformation monitoring system. This cyber-physical kirigami platform can operate a sequence of cutting and folding processes in order to create kirigami objects. Hence, complicated kirigami design products with various different polygonal structures can be realized by undergoing sequential designed laser cuts, and bends (at any folding angles within designed geometric tolerance) using this autonomous kirigami platform.