bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cannabis use among individuals with a history of cancer in the United States
Authors: Cousins Matthew M. , Jannausch Mary L. , Coughlin Lara N. , Jagsi Reshma , Ilgen Mark A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPatients with cancer have played a key role in advocating for legal access to cannabis, but little is known about links between cancer and cannabis use or cannabis‐related beliefs. The authors used data from a national survey to study these relationships.MethodsNationally representative data collected by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019 were acquired. Patterns of cannabis use and cancer history were examined and tested within age group subpopulations via domain analysis using survey weights.ResultsData for 214,505 adults, including 4741 individuals (3.8%) with past (>1 year ago) cancer diagnosis and 1518 individuals (1.2%) with recent (≤1 year ago) cancer diagnosis, were examined. Cannabis use was less common in those with past (8.9%; 95% CI, 8.0%‐9.8%) or recent (9.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%‐11.1%) cancer diagnosis than in those without a history of cancer (15.9%; 95% CI, 15.7%‐16.1%). However, when analyses were stratified by age group, those 18 to 34 years of age were more likely to report past cannabis use, and those 35 to 49 years of age were more likely to report past or recent cannabis use if they had a history of cancer. Younger patients felt that cannabis was more accessible and less risky if they had a history of cancer.ConclusionsPatients with cancer were less likely to report cannabis use, but there were different cannabis perceptions and use patterns by age. Age should be considered in studies of cannabis and cancer, and policy initiatives may be needed to aid provision of quality information on cannabis risk to those with cancer.Lay Summary

Cannabis (marijuana) use is increasing in the United States, but we do not have much information on the relationship between cannabis use and cancer.

We studied information from a representative group of people and found that younger patients generally reported more past and/or recent cannabis use if they had been diagnosed with cancer whereas older individuals did not.

Beliefs about cannabis risk and accessibility differed by age.

Clinical trials to study cannabis should account for patient age, and accurate information about cannabis should be provided to help patients with cancer make decisions about cannabis use.
Chatbots: Security, privacy, data protection, and social aspects
Authors: Hasal Martin , Nowaková Jana , Ahmed Saghair Khalifa , Abdulla Hussam , Snášel Václav , Ogiela Lidia 
Published: June 2021

SummaryChatbots are artificial communication systems becoming increasingly popular and not all their security questions are clearly solved. People use chatbots for assistance in shopping, bank communication, meal delivery, healthcare, cars, and many other actions. However, it brings an additional security risk and creates serious security challenges which have to be handled. Understanding the underlying problems requires defining the crucial steps in the techniques used to design chatbots related to security. There are many factors increasing security threats and vulnerabilities. All of them are comprehensively studied, and security practices to decrease security weaknesses are presented. Modern chatbots are no longer rule‐based models, but they employ modern natural language and machine learning techniques. Such techniques learn from a conversation, which can contain personal information. The paper discusses circumstances under which such data can be used and how chatbots treat them. Many chatbots operate on a social/messaging platform, which has their terms and conditions about data. The paper aims to present a comprehensive study of security aspects in communication with chatbots. The article could open a discussion and highlight the problems of data storage and usage obtained from the communication user—chatbot and propose some standards to protect the user.
An effective way for Taiwanese stock price prediction: Boosting the performance with machine learning techniques
Authors: Nguyen Hai T. , Tran Toan B. , Bui Phuong H. D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe stock forecast is one of the most challenging tasks that have attracted numerous economists and scientists worldwide. Stock prices can be affected by many reasons, such as physiological, rational, and irrational behavior. Such factors can combine to make the prices volatile and very challenge to predict with great accuracy for a long time in numerous cases. In this study, we have deployed a long short‐term memory architecture with various time‐steps and classic machine learning methods such as random forests, support vector machines, and autoregression on the Taiwanese stock market collected in 14–15 years. As shown from the visual results, the predicted values have followed the patterns as the actual prices with low error rates in various metrics, including root mean square error and mean absolute error. This work is expected to provide a valuable tool for investigating stock price patterns of stock markets in the future.
A HNO3‐Responsive Aqueous Biphasic System for Metal Separation: Application towards CeIV Recovery
Authors: Schaeffer Nicolas , Vargas Silvia J. R. , Passos Helena , Brandão Paula , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Svecova Lenka , Papaiconomou  , Coutinho João A. P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn acidic aqueous biphasic system (AcABS) presenting a desired and reversible phase transition with HNO3 concentration and temperature was developed herein as an integrated platform for metal separation. The simple, economical, and fully incinerable (C,H,O,N) AcABS composed of tetrabutylammonium nitrate ([N4444][NO3])+HNO3+H2O was characterized and presented an excellent selectivity towards CeIV against other rare earth elements and transition metals from both synthetic solutions and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery leachates. The acid‐driven self‐assembly of AcABS bridges the gap between traditional ABS and liquid–liquid extraction whilst retaining their advantageous qualities, including compatibility with highly acidic solutions, water as the primary system component, the avoidance of organic diluents, rapid mass transfer, and the potential integration of the leaching and separation steps.
A lymphodepleted non‐human primate model for the assessment of acute on‐target and off‐tumor toxicity of human chimeric antigen receptor‐T cells
Authors: Yagyu Shigeki , Mochizuki Hidemi , Yamashima Kumiko , Kubo Hiroshi , Saito Shoji , Tanaka Miyuki , Sakamoto Kengo , Shimoi Akihito , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy possesses the potential to cause unexpected on‐target toxicities that may be life‐threatening. Non‐human primates (NHPs) share considerable structural homology and expression profiles of most proteins with humans and are therefore utilised as an animal model for non‐clinical safety studies. We have developed a lymphodepleted NHP model by conditioning the animals with immunosuppressive chemotherapy designed to simulate clinical practice conditions, to induce transient mixed chimerism before the administration of human CAR‐T cells redirected to target Ephrin type‐B receptor 4 (EPHB4‐CAR‐T cells) to evaluate the toxicity of these cells.MethodsWe administered 60 mg m−2 day−1 of fludarabine for 4 days and 30 mg kg−1 day−1 of cyclophosphamide for 2 days intravenously to cynomolgus macaques for lymphodepletion; then, 3.3 × 106 kg−1 of non‐transduced or EPHB4‐CAR‐T cells was infused into the macaques, respectively. All macaques were closely monitored and evaluated for potential toxicity for 7 days.ResultsLymphodepletion was successfully achieved on day −1 before T‐cell infusion and persisted over 7 days without severe organ toxicities. A single administration of human EPHB4‐CAR‐T cells did not induce overt organ toxicities, although EPHB4‐CAR‐T cells were activated in vivo as evidenced by the elevation in copy numbers of the CAR transgene 24 h after infusion.ConclusionAlthough this NHP model is limited for the full evaluation of toxicity of human CAR‐T cells and the conditioning protocol should be further optimised, this lymphodepleted NHP model could be used to assess acute on‐target/off‐tumor toxicities of CAR‐T cells.
Let's move out together: a framework for the intersections between movement and mutualism
Authors: Shaw Allison K. , Naven Narayanan  , Stanton Daniel E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMovement is a widespread behavior across organisms and is driven in part by interspecific interactions. Generally, negative interspecific interactions (such as competition and natural enemies) are more often studied in the context of movement than positive interactions (mutualism). Mutualistic relationships are incredibly common, yet only a subset are studied in the context of movement (transportation mutualisms). Overall, the costs and benefits that an individual experiences are shaped both by their movement behavior and their mutualistic relationships, as well as the intersection between these. Here we argue that the intersection between movement behavior and mutualistic relationships is understudied, and we present a conceptual framework to synthesize the links between movement and mutualisms and give examples of species that exhibit each. Our framework serves both to highlight the ways that mutualism can shape movement (and vice versa) and to draw parallels across different organisms (enabling a more abstract perspective of these biological systems, complementing the system‐focused perspective). Finally, we show how considering movement in light of mutualisms (and vice versa) presents a number of new research questions to be answered by each empirical and theoretical approach going forward.
Left atrial volume and left ventricular mass indices in heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Gehlken Carolin , Screever Elles M. , Suthahar Navin , van der Meer Peter , Westenbrink B. Daan , Coster Jennifer E. , Van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Meijers Wouter C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTwo key echocardiographic parameters that are currently used to diagnose heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are left atrial volume index (LAVi) and left ventricular mass index (LVMi). We investigated whether patients' characteristics, biomarkers, and co‐morbidities are associated with these parameters and whether the relationships differ between patients with HFpEF or HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 831 outpatients with typical signs and symptoms of HF and elevated N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels and categorized patients based upon left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): LVEF < 40% (HFrEF), LVEF between 40% and 50% (HF with mid‐range ejection fraction), and LVEF ≥ 50% (HFpEF). The study includes consecutively enrolled HF patients from an HF outpatient clinic at a tertiary medical centre in the Netherlands. All patients underwent baseline characterization, laboratory measurements, and echocardiography.ResultsFour hundred sixty‐nine patients had HFrEF, 189 HF with mid‐range ejection fraction, and 173 HFpEF. The patients with HFrEF were rather male [HFrEF: 323 (69%); HFpEF: 80 (46%); P < 0.001], and the age was comparable (HFrEF 67 ± 13; HFpEF 70 ± 14; P = 0.069). In HFpEF, more patients had hypertension [190 (40.5%); 114 (65.9%); P < 0.001], higher body mass indices (27 ± 8; 30 ± 7; P < 0.001), and atrial fibrillation [194 (41.4); 86 (49.7); P = 0.029]. The correlation analyses showed that in HFrEF patients, LAVi was significantly associated with age (β 0.293; P < 0.001), male gender (β 0.104; P = 0.042), body mass index (β −0160; P = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (β −0.136; P < 0.001), New York Heart Association (β 0.174; P = 0.001), atrial fibrillation (β 0.381; P < 0.001), galectin 3 (β 0.230; P < 0.001), NT‐proBNP (β 0.183; P < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (β −0.205; P < 0.001), LVEF (β −0.173; P = 0.001), and LVMi (β 0.337; P < 0.001). In HFpEF patients, only age (β 0.326; P < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (β 0.386; P < 0.001), NT‐proBNP (β 0.176; P = 0.036), and LVMi (β 0.213; P = 0.013) were associated with LAVi.ConclusionsAlthough LVMi and LAVi are hallmark parameters to diagnose HFpEF, they only correlate with a few characteristics of HF and mainly with atrial fibrillation. In contrast, in HFrEF patients, LAVi relates strongly to several other HF parameters. These findings underscore the complexity in visualizing the pathophysiology of HFpEF and question the relation between cardiac structural remodeling and the impact of co‐morbidities.
Electrochemical Probe of the Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified by Bare Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized Zr(IV)‐based Metal‐organic Framework for Detecting Nitrite
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Shuying , Xu Fanghong , Zhang Qian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWidely presented nitrite in drinking water, food and even physiological system endangers human health. Here,bare gold nanoparticles functionalized Zr‐based metal‐organic framework modified reduced graphene oxide (GNPs/UiO‐66‐NH2/rGO) nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method. This experiment studies the morphology, composition, structure and electrochemical behavior of the sensor. The experimental results show that the sensor has a peak potential of 0.9 V, the concentration range of NO2− is 5.0 μM to 768 μM, the linear regression equation of the calibration curve is Ipa=0.3646+0.00642 C (R2=0.9998), and the LOD is as low as 3.7 μM (S/N=3). Therefore, an electrochemical sensor platform for trace detection of NO2− was successfully constructed.
Relation of the electrochemical interplay between H2PtCl6 and H2O/H3O+/H2+ and the hydrogen‐evolution reaction
Authors: Kriek Roelof J. , Mogwase Boitumelo M.S. , Vorster Schalk W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrodeposition of platinum from hexachloroplatinic acid solutions, on glassy carbon, was studied by developing multiple cyclic voltammetry transients. The development of an isopotential point, only observed under hydrogen‐evolution conditions, is postulated to be associated with the reduction of [PtCl4]2− to Pt0 and the oxidation of the adsorbed molecular hydrogen ion (H2+)ads species to (H3O+)ads. The adsorption of H2+ inhibits the continued reduction of [PtCl4]2− and the ‘cleansing’ of the platinum surface, that is, the removal of H2+ through hydrogen evolution, results in the opening up of active sites to allow for the continued reduction of [PtCl4]2− on the return sweep, which results in an isopotential point (IPP). This IPP is not observed in the absence of hydrogen evolution, due to saturation of the surface by (H2+)ads, and correlates with a model that explains the interplay between platinum chloride species, hydrogen containing species (H2O/H3O+/H2+), and the hydrogen‐evolution reaction.
Carbazole based organic dyes as effective photosensitizers: A comprehensive analysis of their structure‐property relationships
Authors: Naik Praveen , Keremane Kavya S. , Elmorsy Mohamed R. , El‐Shafei Ahmed , Adhikari Airody Vasudeva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work describes the effect of structural modification of carbazole‐based photosensitizers carrying carboxylic acid as a common anchoring functionality, on the photovoltaic parameters of newly fabricated DSSCs. In this study, we have selected our previously reported three carbazole‐based derivatives, viz. S1‐3 having different structural designs, that is, D‐π‐A (S1), D‐D‐π‐A (S2), and A‐π‐D‐π‐A (S3) with different donor units and π‐spacers, but an identical cyanoacetic acid anchoring unit. We have evaluated their optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic behaviors in order to explore their structure‐property relationships. Also, the theoretical investigations were performed to obtain a deeper understanding of their HOMO‐LUMO levels, charge distribution in FMOs, directional flow of electrons within the push‐pull type sensitizers, and optical behavior. Finally, the DSSCs were constructed by employing these dyes as sensitizers without any co‐absorbents and the performance of the devices was evaluated by using illuminated current‐voltage characteristics. Among the tested dyes, di‐anchoring S3 exhibited improved PCE of 3.77 % due to its strong adsorption on the TiO2 surface that resulted in superior VOC of the cell. While the S2 containing electron‐releasing anisole as an auxiliary donor exhibited better JSC value leading to the optimum PCE of 3.73 % which is comparable to that of S3. Obviously, these results validate the role of the π‐spacer and additional donor of the sensitizers on the overall performance of the DSSCs.
Experimental seismic performance assessment and numerical modelling of nonlinear inerter vibration absorber (IVA)‐equipped base isolated structures tested on shaking table
Authors: Pietrosanti Daniele , De Angelis Maurizio , Giaralis Agathoklis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, inerter vibration absorbers (IVAs), such as the tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI), attracted much attention in the literature for reducing seismic displacement demands of base isolated structures (BISs). Several theoretical studies reported reduced BIS seismic demands with increasing inertance endowed by a grounded inerter element, but adopted mostly idealized linear dynamical models. Herein, the potential of TMDI‐configured IVAs for seismic response reduction of BISs modelled as single‐mass structures is assessed under the combined effects of nonlinear inerter and structural behavior. To this aim, experimental data from a shaking table testing campaign are considered utilizing a custom‐built flywheel rack‐and‐pinion grounded inerter prototype with variable inertance, along with high damping rubber bearings in the isolation layer and in the BIS‐to‐absorber link. White noise excitation and an ensemble of six ground motions (GMs) with different frequency content are used in the tests for which bearings exhibit softening nonlinear behavior. Experimental results demonstrate improvement of BIS nonlinear seismic response in terms of displacement and base shear with increasing inertance for nonlinear and nonoptimally tuned IVAs. It is found though that the considered IVAs may be detrimental to BIS acceleration response depending on the GMs time‐varying frequency content signatures as captured by the continuous wavelet transform spectrogram. Finally, it is concluded that representing the inerter device by a simplified linear dissipative model as opposed to a nonlinear model with friction and gear backlash suffices to trace the BIS response with acceptable accuracy and, thus, can be used for optimal seismic TMDI design.
Proposal and validation of a design procedure for concentrically braced frames in the chevron configuration
Authors: Barbagallo Francesca , Bosco Melina , Marino Edoardo M. , Rossi Pier Paolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the recent past, several research studies have highlighted that the prescriptions reported in codes for the design of structures with concentric braces in the chevron configuration are often not effective in preventing yielding or buckling of non‐dissipative members and in ensuring collapse mechanisms characterised by uniform damage of braces. To investigate the reasons of these deficiencies, in this paper the seismic response of concentrically braced structures designed according to procedures reported in the literature and in the European seismic code is first examined. Then, a new design procedure is proposed, in which the innovative aspects are mainly related to the estimation of the bending moments in columns and to the formulation of requirements on the stiffness of braced beams and columns. The impact of the proposed procedure on the structural costs is computed on a large number of buildings characterised by different occupancy types and geometric properties. The seismic performance of these structures is evaluated by incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis and discussed at the achievement of the significant damage and near‐collapse limit states.
Cooperation in large‐scale human societies—What, if anything, makes it unique, and how did it evolve?
Authors: Powers Simon T. , van Schaik Carel P. , Lehmann Laurent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo resolve the major controversy about why prosocial behaviors persist in large‐scale human societies, we propose that two questions need to be answered. First, how do social interactions in small‐scale and large‐scale societies differ? By reviewing the exchange and collective‐action dilemmas in both small‐scale and large‐scale societies, we show they are not different. Second, are individual decision‐making mechanisms driven by self‐interest? We extract from the literature three types of individual decision‐making mechanism, which differ in their social influence and sensitivity to self‐interest, to conclude that humans interacting with non‐relatives are largely driven by self‐interest. We then ask: what was the key mechanism that allowed prosocial behaviors to continue as societies grew? We show the key role played by new social interaction mechanisms—change in the rules of exchange and collective‐action dilemmas—devised by the interacting individuals, which allow for self‐interested individuals to remain prosocial as societies grow.
Problems in the home and community‐based long‐term care for the elderly in China: A content analysis of news coverage
Authors: Wang Kun , Ke Yongjian , Sankaran Shankar , Xia Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the issues that limited the supply of home and community‐based Long‐Term‐Care (LTC) for the elderly, offer essential insights into the sustainable development of China's LTC.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of news coverage on 12 major portals in China has been conducted to identify the issues.FindingsThe results demonstrate that there are 12 significant problems in the supply of home and community‐based LTC for the elderly. For the service providers, the lack of qualified LTC professionals, limited service types/low service quality and unrealised integrated care, lack of steady profit patterns are the three major problems. The deficiencies of the LTC system and the lack of incentive policies and legislation for private investors’ participation are the two major problems faced by the government. The public is confronted with a shortage of home and community support resources and unable to adapt to a change due to their mindsets.Practical implicationsThe issues identified in this paper can not only provide some opportunities to various stakeholders in this area but also offer insights into the sustainable development of China's LTC.Originality/valueThe findings presented in this paper provide the means to understand the home and community‐based LTC market in China for private investors and government, which will help to promote the cooperation between the two.