bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid circulation in the South Tibetan Detachment System: Evidence from fluid inclusions and oxygen isotope data of quartz veins in the Ramba Dome, North Himalayan Gneiss Domes
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Zhang Bo , Cheng Feng , Zhang Jinjiang , Wang Yang , Chen Siyu , Liu Siqi , Zhang Lei , Huang Baoyou 
Published: October 2021

Detachment faults are sites of intensive fluid–rock interactions. Here, we report fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope data for quartz veins in the Ramba Dome in the North Himalayan Gneiss Domes, with an aim to constrain the origin and circulation of crustal fluids associated with the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS). Microthermometric data for fluid inclusions in quartz indicate that the fluids were aqueous and CO2 − H2O ± CH4 ± N2‐bearing with low to moderate salinities (0.60–11.80 wt% eq. NaCl). The entrapment conditions are 295–410°C and 98–135 Mpa, indicating a forming‐depth of 8–10 km. Oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) of quartz measured in situ by secondary ion mass spectrometry and bulk by the BrF5 method show limited variations in individual quartz veins, but δ18Oquartz values vary from 12.07 to 18.16‰ (V‐SMOW) among veins. The corresponding δ18Ofluid values range from 7.71 to 13.80‰, based on equilibrium temperatures obtained from fluid inclusions. From the footwall to the detachment zone, δ18Ofluid values exhibit a broadly decreasing trend and indicate that the STDS dominated the fluid flux pathway in the crust, with more contributions of meteoric water in the detachment zone. We further quantified the contribution of meteoric fluids to 8–27% using a binary end‐member mixing model. These data imply that the fluids were predominantly metamorphic/magmatic in origin, and were mixed with infiltrating, isotopically light, meteoric water during extensional detachment shearing of the STDS. The meteoric water can infiltrate from the surface to 8–10 km depth.
Community Socioeconomic Deprivation Predicts Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Giammarino Alexa M. , Qiu He , Bulsara Kishen , Khan Sabrina , Jiang Yu , Da Ben L. , Bernstein David E. , Satapathy Sanjaya K. 
Published: October 2021

In order to determine the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 1,430 patients in a large tertiary health care network in New York. These patients underwent liver biopsy over a 10‐year period and were included in our study if they had evidence of NAFLD/NASH on liver biopsy. Zip codes were used to obtain data necessary to derive the social deprivation index (SDI) from the US Bureau of the Census. The high‐SDI group was compared to the low‐SDI group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess association between socioeconomic factors and NAFLD parameters, including presence of NASH (NAFLD activity score >4), moderate to severe steatosis (>33%), and significant fibrosis (S2‐S4). We included 614 patients with NAFLD/NASH; the median SDI was 31.5. Hemoglobin A1c values were higher in the high‐SDI group compared to the low‐SDI group (6.46 vs. 6.12, P = 0.02). Socioeconomic factors, such as private versus public health care, percentage being foreign born, percentage without a car, percentage with higher needs (<5 years old and >65 years old), and percentage currently living in renter‐occupied and crowded housing units, showed statistically significant associations in predicting NASH. After adjusting for patient age, sex, race, body mass index, and diabetes, we saw a significant association between four or more socioeconomic parameters in predicting NASH (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.099‐2.856; P = 0.0190) and six or more socioeconomic parameters in predicting severe steatosis (OR, 1.498; 95% CI, 1.031‐2.176; P = 0.0338) but no significant correlation between the number of socioeconomic parameters and significant fibrosis. Conclusion: Greater number of socioeconomic determinants (four or more) are associated with greater severity of NASH. Awareness of NAFLD/NASH needs to be raised in communities with high socioeconomic deprivation.
Overlapping grid spectral collocation approach for electrical MHD bioconvection Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a Carreau–Yasuda nanoliquid over a periodically accelerating surface
Authors: Mkhatshwa M. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe focus of this study is on computational grid‐manipulation to enhance the accuracy, convergence, and computational efficiency of the multidomain bivariate spectral local linearization method (MD‐BSLLM). The improved method is used in the scrutiny of Darcy–Forchheimer bioconvection flow of Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid induced by an oscillatory moving surface with cross‐diffusion, activation energy with binary chemical reactive species, combined electrical and magnetohydrodynamic field effects. The proposed method is utilized in solving the nondimensional form of the flow equations. Sensitivity and error analyses are provided to aid an understanding of the efficiency, stability, convergence rate, and accuracy of the iterative scheme. The impact of different parameter values on fluid properties and transport phenomena is discussed. Numerical simulation has indicated that the overlapping grid MD‐BSLLM is computational efficacious, and produces stable and sufficiently accurate results using a few collocation nodes in each respective subinterval and the entire computational domain. Other findings include the fact that fluid properties are enhanced with injection while flow characteristics are improved with suction. Using the Darcy–Forchheimer model in the flow analysis improves the temperature of the nanofluid. The imposition of electric field augments nanofluid velocity, the amplitude of skin friction coefficient, rates of mass, and motile microorganisms transfer while reducing the rate of heat transfer. The considered flow analysis can contribute towards engineering solicitations in paper production, polymer solution, metal extrusion, and glass blowing.
Surface Pyroelectricity and Piezoelectricity of Centrosymmetric Crystals
Authors: Meirzadeh Elena , Dishon Shiri , Lubomirsky Igor , Ehre David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProperties of surfaces often define functionalities and applications of a large variety of materials, e. g., epitaxial growth of thin films, catalytic and optical properties. For this reason, advances in techniques for surface characterization are of great importance. Here we present an overview of the work conducted together with Prof. Meir Lahav over the last decade to detect and quantify near surface polar layers (NSPL). Though thin, these layers may accumulate considerable polarization and, thereby, affect surface properties. We demonstrated that pyroelectric measurement carried out with periodic temperature change protocol (modified Chynoweth) might be a primary tool to study NSPL. Two fundamentally different examples are considered. (i) NSPL in α‐glycine crystals develops as a result of solvent incorporation, e. g., water. This layer is maybe tens or even hundreds of micrometers thick, sometimes, thick enough to allow piezoelectric measurements. (ii) NSPL in SrTiO3 results from surface relaxation and it is only a few Angstroms thick. Nevertheless, NSPL in SrTiO3 has a polarization comparable with strongly ferroelectric materials, tens of μC/cm2.
Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2021 update
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Aoki Daisuke , Sharma Daya Nand , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince the publication of the 2018 FIGO Cancer Report, giant strides have been made in the global effort to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, with the World Health Organization (WHO) rolling out a global strategy for cervical cancer elimination, aiming for implementation by 2030. In over 130 countries, including low‐ and middle‐income countries, HPV vaccination is now included in the national program. Screening has seen major advances with wider implementation of HPV testing. These interventions will take a few years to show their impact. Meanwhile, over half a million new cases are added each year. FIGO’s revised staging of cervical cancer (2018) has been widely implemented and retrospective analyses of data based on the new staging have been published. Minimally invasive surgery has been shown to be disadvantageous in women with cervical cancer. This chapter discusses the management of cervical cancer based on the stage of disease, including attention to palliation and quality of life issues.
Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update
Authors: Olawaiye Alexander B. , Cuello Mauricio A. , Rogers Linda J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVulvar cancer is an uncommon gynecological malignancy primarily affecting postmenopausal women. There is no specific screening and the most effective strategy to reduce vulvar cancer incidence is the opportune treatment of predisposing and preneoplastic lesions associated with its development. While vulvar cancer may be asymptomatic, most women present with vulvar pruritus or pain, or have noticed a lump or ulcer. Therefore, any suspicious vulvar lesion should be biopsied to exclude invasion. Once established, the most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment of vulvar cancer depends primarily on histology and surgical staging. Treatment is predominantly surgical, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma, although concurrent chemoradiation is an effective alternative, particularly for advanced tumors. Management should be individualized and carried out by a multidisciplinary team in a cancer center experienced in the treatment of these tumors.
Modelling the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor and the energy gradient of the lateral line*
Authors: Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , Silva José Raliuson Inácio , Silva Marcos Vinícius da , Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos de , Araújo Júnior George do Nascimento , Alves Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes , Mesquita Márcio , Souza Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de , Teixeira Antônio Heriberto de Castro , Silva Thieres George Freire da 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective was to adjust explicit mathematical models to determine the friction factor (f). Besides, an adaptation of the Blasius model is presented and an application of the Darcy–Weisbach equation to estimate the energy loss along the lateral line for four types of microsprinklers. f was determined by the model of Offor and Alabi and the model of Blasius for velocities between 0.5 to 3.0 m s−1 and internal pipe diameters of 0.0130, 0.0161, 0.0206, 0.0270, 0.0288, and 0.0368 m. The friction factor determined by Offor and Alabi was associated with the pipe diameters utilizing regression, and based on that an adaptation to the Blasius model was proposed. From the results of f, the energy and flow gradient along the lateral line for four NaanDanJain microsprinklers was simulated. The models of Offor and Alabi, Blasius, and Adapted Blasius showed excellent precision in determining f. The results of unit head loss, determined by the three mathematical models, showed dispersion close to zero among the pairs, showing a high correlation between the models (R2 = 0.99). The Blasius equation is the most suitable to be inserted into the Darcy–Weisbach model to determine the maximum length of the lateral line.
Global contributions of pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Goff Debra A. , Ashiru‐Oredope Diane , Cairns Kelly A. , Eljaaly Khalid , Gauthier Timothy P. , Langford Bradley J. , Mahmoud Sara Fouad , Messina Angeliki P. , Michael Ubaka Chukwuemeka , Saad Thérèse , Schellack Natalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThroughout the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) global pandemic, pharmacists were rarely mentioned as essential frontline health care providers by the news media, the public, or politicians. Around the world, pharmacists are working on the frontlines of health care every day providing essential health care services during the pandemic. Pharmacists are medication experts providing patient care in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics, community pharmacies, long‐term care, physician offices, and national and public health. In this paper, we describe how pharmacists from high and low‐middle income countries contributed to essential patient care and well‐being of the public during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While the news media, the public, and politicians often overlooked pharmacists as essential frontline health care providers, we hope that this list of contributions by pharmacists from nine countries in this article can help to change this perspective.
Treatment of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with drug‐loaded nanocomposite platform under synergistic effect of magnetic field/near‐infrared light
Authors: Liu Daren , Wu Jinhong , Zhu Huanbing , Zhu Xiuliang , Jin Yun , Yu Yuanquan , Zhang Xiaoxiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite progress in clinical treatment, microvascular invasion (MVI) remains a major factor for frequent recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection and surgery. Thus, this study constructed a target nanoplatform (αCD97‐USPIO‐Au‐DDP) with magnetic field/near‐infrared (NIR) light response using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide‐gold nanoporous spheres (USPIO‐Au) as multifunctional nanocarrier. Anticancer drug cisplatin (DDP) was loaded, and specifically expressed CD97 protein in MVI was taken as the therapeutic target. The αCD97‐USPIO‐Au‐DDP showed favorable photothermal and stable properties under the NIR light at 808 nm wavelength. As suggested by in vitro and in vivo research, this composite nanopreparation could effectively reduce damage to normal organs and showed good biocompatibility. Excellent magnetic targeting function of nanocarrier and modification of αCD97 strengthened accumulation of composite nanodrug in tumor to inhibit tumor growth. This system may have important ramifications for treatment of MVI in HCC.
Characteristics of Long-Term Femoral Neck Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women: A 25-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Moilanen Anna , Kopra Juho , Kröger Heikki , Sund Reijo , Rikkonen Toni , Sirola Joonas 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to monitor long-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after menopause and factors affecting BMD. The study population consisted of a random sample of 3222 women from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) study, of which 62.1% were postmenopausal at the beginning of the study. This group of women underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements at the femoral neck every 5 years from baseline (in 1989) up to 25-year follow-up. They also responded to risk-factor questionnaires at 5-year intervals. During the 25-year follow-up, the baseline cohort decreased to 686 women. The women were divided into quartiles based on their baseline BMD. Self-reported hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and corticosteroid use were divided into ever users and never users. Morbidity was assessed as the total number of self-reported diseases and BMD-affecting diseases. The mean 25-year BMD change was found to be −10.1%, p &lt; 0.001. Higher baseline BMD was associated with higher bone loss rate; the reduction in the highest quartile BMD was 11.1% and in the lowest quartile 7.4% (p = 0.0031). Lower baseline body mass index (BMI) and a greater increase in BMI were found to protect against postmenopausal bone loss (p &lt; 0.001). The lowest bone loss quartile included 15.2% more HRT users than the highest bone loss quartile (p = 0.004). The number of diseases/bone-affecting diseases, use of vitamin D/calcium supplementation, use of corticosteroids, smoking or alcohol use had no statistical significance for annual bone loss rate. This study presents hitherto the longest (25-year) BMD follow-up in postmenopausal women. The linear femoral neck bone loss of 10% was less than previously assumed. A 5-year BMD change appeared to predict long-term bone loss in postmenopausal women. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Thymol ameliorates 5‐fluorouracil‐induced intestinal mucositis: Evidence of down‐regulatory effect on TGF‐β/MAPK pathways through NF‐κB
Authors: Al‐Khrashi Layla A. , Badr Amira M. , AL‐Amin Maha A. , Mahran Yasmen F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a front‐line cytotoxic therapy. However, intestinal mucositis is a well‐known adverse event of 5‐FU, which limits its therapeutic use. Indeed, thymol, which is a monoterpene component of the essential oil derived from thymus, has a potential anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential chemoprotective effect of thymol against 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis. Rats were either exposed to two doses of 5‐FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and/or treated with thymol (60 or 120 mg/kg). Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as pathological changes, were assessed. 5‐FU‐induced severe intestinal damages as were evidenced by histopathological changes as well as oxidative and inflammatory responses. Thymol pretreatment inhibited 5‐FU‐induced oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing intestinal levels of antioxidant systems. Moreover, inflammatory response markers, such as interleukin‐6, prostaglandin E2, and COX‐2 were also improved. The immunoblotting analysis also showed that thymol significantly inhibited the 5‐FU‐induced expression of nuclear factor‐κB, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and transforming growth factor β‐1 (TGF‐β1), in addition to the suppression of p38 and phosphorylated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (p‐JNK) mitogen‐activated protein kinase proteins' expressions. Our study is the first to demonstrate the promising protective effect of thymol against 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory pathways, and suppression of TGF‐β/p38/p‐JNK signaling.
Role of epigenetics in cellular reprogramming; from iPSCs to disease modeling and cell therapy
Authors: Li Yong , Darabi Radbod 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpigenetics play a fundamental role in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology due to their effect on iPSC's reprogramming efficiency and their subsequent role in iPSC differentiation toward a specific lineage. Epigenetics can skew the differentiation course of iPSCs toward a specific lineage based on the epigenetic memory of the source cells, or even lead to acquisition of new cell phenotypes, due to its aberrations during reprogramming. This viewpoint discusses key features of the epigenetic process during iPSC reprogramming/differentiation and outlines important epigenetic factors that need to be considered for successful generation and differentiation of iPSCs for downstream applications.
Hsa_circ_0001806 promotes glycolysis and cell progression in hepatocellular carcinoma through miR‐125b/HK2
Authors: Chen Xueyi , She Pengyun , Wang Caihua , Shi Lina , Zhang Tieying , Wang Yanfei , Li Haixia , Qian Lu , Li Man 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours and a leading cause of cancer death. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating tumour development. The current study aims to explore the specific role of hsa_circ_0001806 during HCC progression.MethodsThe expression of hsa_circ_0001806 in HCC tissues and cells was measured through qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were measured using CCK‐8 and Annexin V/PI staining kits, and Transwell assay. Bioinformatics prediction and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were adopted to explore the mechanism underlying the cell function of hsa_circ_0001806 in HCC cells. In addition, glycolysis was assessed by measuring the glucose uptake, lactate production and ATP level using a glucose assay kit, fluorometric lactate assay kit and ATP detection assay kit.ResultsHsa_circ_0001806 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues and cells and positively associated with the advanced TNM stage, metastasis and poor overall survival. The overexpression of hsa_circ_0001806 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration and glycolysis and inhibited cell apoptosis, while the silence of hsa_circ_0001806 showed an opposite effect. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0001806 acted as a sponge of miR‐125b to up‐regulate hexokinase II (HK2) expression. In addition, the inhibition of miR‐125b and HK2 overexpression partly reversed the inhibitory effect of hsa_circ_0001806 silencing on HCC cell proliferation, migration and glycolysis.ConclusionThe inhibition of hsa_circ_0001806 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and glycolysis through mediating miR‐125b/HK2 axis.
Association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Southern China: A case‐control study
Authors: Liu Sudong , Weng Ruiqiang , Gu Xiaodong , Li Lihai , Zhong Zhixiong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the conclusions of studies are inconsistent in different regions. The present study aims to investigate the role of ApoE genotypes on NAFLD in southern China.MethodsA total of 1064 subjects including 372 NAFLD patients and 692 controls who attended Meizhou People's Hospital located in southern China from March 1, 2016 to April 30, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The ApoE genotypes were detected and the laboratory parameters were examined.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between NAFLD patients and controls in the prevalence of ε3/ε3 (p < 0.001) and ε3/ε4 (p = 0.004). NAFLD patients presented higher frequency of ε4 allele than controls (p = 0.013). Logistic regression analysis suggested that ε3/ε3 was an independent risk factor (OR: 1.435, 95% CI: 1.084–1.891, p = 0.010), while ε3/ε4 was an independent protective factor (OR: 0.578, 95% CI: 0.404–0.828, p = 0.003) for development of NAFLD. In addition, allele ε4 showed a protective effect on NAFLD with an adjusted OR of 0.588 (95% CI: 0.420–0.824, p = 0.002).ConclusionOur results suggested that ApoE genotype was associated with the development of NAFLD in the population of southern China. Individuals carrying ε3/ε3 were at higher risk of NAFLD, while those carrying ε3/ε4 were at lower risk of NAFLD.
Validation of the brief version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale for Spanish children (SCAS‐C‐8)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Menchón Miriam , Orgilés Mireia , Espada José P. , Morales Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the self‐reported brief version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale–Children (SCAS‐C‐8) in pre‐adolescent Spanish children.MethodParticipants were 824 children aged 8–12 from a community sample. The results revealed a good fit to the one‐factor structure, adequate internal consistency (α = 0.75), and evidence of test‐retest reliability (α = 0.77).ResultsThe strong relationship between the SCAS‐C‐8 and emotional problems provided evidence of convergent validity. Also, the results showed factorial gender invariance.ConclusionThe SCAS‐C‐8 is a suitable instrument for pre‐adolescent Spanish children. The brevity and simplicity of this scale may facilitate early detection and help to narrow the existent gap between the presence of anxiety problems and psychological assistance‐seeking.