bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confronting CHIRPS dataset and in situ stations in the detection of wet and drought conditions in the Brazilian Midwest
Authors: de Oliveira‐Júnior José Francisco , da Silva Junior Carlos Antonio , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Rossi Fernando Saragosa , Blanco Claudio José Cavalcante , Lima Mendelson , de Gois Givanildo , Correia Filho Washington Luiz Félix , de Barros Santiago Dimas , dos Santos Vanderley Mário Henrique Guilherme 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe states of Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) are located in Midwest Brazil and are dependent on agribusiness, which makes their water regimes of fundamental importance. However, the existing weather stations in these states are limited, and rainfall products are therefore a valuable alternative. The objectives of this study are: (a) to validate the CHIRPS datasets for the states of MT and MS in the Brazilian Midwest region; (b) to evaluate the intraseasonal variability of regional rainfall via CHIRPS; and (c) to define the drought and wet periods on the decennial scale, based on the annual SPI. Three seasons were defined (rainy, drought, and transition), and the differences showed that the MS rainy season (56.65%) was reduced due to the veranicos that occur in February, with an increase in the percentages of the drought (13.83%) and transition (29.52%) seasons. The highest monthly rainfall occurs in the north of MS (328–390 mm), while intermediate rainfall (109–273 mm) occurs in the south of MS. This satisfactorily represents the formation of a rainfall gradient in a N–S direction during the rainy season, similar to other characterizations around the world. Based on the annual SPI assessed per decade, there were moderate droughts annually in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, but not in the 1980s. There were significant differences between the decades due to the intensity and categorization of the ENSO phases (strong and moderate), and drier decades with moderate rainfall reduction in both states can be defined in the last 40 years. The data obtained via CHIRPS are satisfactory for the spatio‐temporal evaluation of regional rainfall, and for the use of SPI to detect drought and wet periods in the states of MT and MS.
A branch-and-Benders-cut algorithm for a bi-objective stochastic facility location problem
Authors: Parragh Sophie N. , Tricoire Fabien , Gutjahr Walter J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn many real-world optimization problems, more than one objective plays a role and input parameters are subject to uncertainty. In this paper, motivated by applications in disaster relief and public facility location, we model and solve a bi-objective stochastic facility location problem. The considered objectives are cost and covered demand, where the demand at the different population centers is uncertain but its probability distribution is known. The latter information is used to produce a set of scenarios. In order to solve the underlying optimization problem, we apply a Benders’ type decomposition approach which is known as the L-shaped method for stochastic programming and we embed it into a recently developed branch-and-bound framework for bi-objective integer optimization. We analyze and compare different cut generation schemes and we show how they affect lower bound set computations, so as to identify the best performing approach. Finally, we compare the branch-and-Benders-cut approach to a straight-forward branch-and-bound implementation based on the deterministic equivalent formulation.
Endoscopic surgical treatment for rhinogenic contact point headache: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maniaci Antonino , Merlino Federico , Cocuzza Salvatore , Iannella Giannicola , Vicini Claudio , Cammaroto Giovanni , Lechien Jérome R. , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , La Mantia Ignazio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This meta-analysis study was designed to analyze endoscopic surgery’s role in treating rhinogenic contact point headache.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive review of the last 20 years’ English language regarding Rhinogenic contact point headache and endoscopic surgery. We included the analysis papers reporting post-operative outcomes through the Visual Analogue Scale or the Migraine Disability Assessment scale.

Results
We provided 18 articles for a total of 978 RCPH patients. While 777 (81.1%) subjects underwent functional nasal surgery for RCPH, 201 patients (20.9%) were medically treated. A significant decrease from the VAS score of 7.3 ± 1.5 to 2.7 ± 1.8 was recorded (p < 0.0001). At quantitative analysis on 660 patients (11 papers), surgical treatment demonstrated significantly better post-operative scores than medical (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
At comparison, surgical treatment in patients with rhinogenic contact points exhibited significantly better values at short-term, medium-term, and long term follow up. Endoscopic surgery should be proposed as the choice method in approaching the symptomatic patient.
The practical ethics of bias reduction in machine translation: why domain adaptation is better than data debiasing
Authors: Tomalin Marcus , Byrne Bill , Concannon Shauna , Saunders Danielle , Ullmann Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article probes the practical ethical implications of AI system design by reconsidering the important topic of bias in the datasets used to train autonomous intelligent systems. The discussion draws on recent work concerning behaviour-guiding technologies, and it adopts a cautious form of technological utopianism by assuming it is potentially beneficial for society at large if AI systems are designed to be comparatively free from the biases that characterise human behaviour. However, the argument presented here critiques the common well-intentioned requirement that, in order to achieve this, all such datasets must be debiased prior to training. By focusing specifically on gender-bias in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems, three automated strategies for the removal of bias are considered – downsampling, upsampling, and counterfactual augmentation – and it is shown that systems trained on datasets debiased using these approaches all achieve general translation performance that is much worse than a baseline system. In addition, most of them also achieve worse performance in relation to metrics that quantify the degree of gender bias in the system outputs. By contrast, it is shown that the technique of domain adaptation can be effectively deployed to debias existing NMT systems after they have been fully trained. This enables them to produce translations that are quantitatively far less biased when analysed using gender-based metrics, but which also achieve state-of-the-art general performance. It is hoped that the discussion presented here will reinvigorate ongoing debates about how and why bias can be most effectively reduced in state-of-the-art AI systems.
Multifunctional hybrid nanoplatform based on Fe3O4@Ag NPs for nitric oxide delivery: development, characterization, therapeutic efficacy, and hemocompatibility
Authors: Pieretti Joana Claudio , Gonçalves Marcelly Chue , Nakazato Gerson , Santos de Souza Ana Carolina , Boudier Ariane , Seabra Amedea Barozzi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe combination of Fe3O4@Ag superparamagnetic hybrid nanoparticles and nitric oxide (NO) represents an innovative strategy for a localized NO delivery with a simultaneous antibacterial and antitumoral actions. Here, we report the design of Fe3O4@Ag hybrid nanoparticles, coated with a modified and nitrosated chitosan polymer, able to release NO in a biological medium. After their synthesis, physicochemical characterization confirmed the obtention of small NO-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4@Ag NPs. Antibacterial assays demonstrated enhanced effects compared to control. Bacteriostatic effect against Gram-positive strains and bactericidal effect against E. coli were demonstrated. Moreover, NO-functionalized Fe3O4@Ag NPs demonstrated improved ability to reduce cancer cells viability and less cytotoxicity against non-tumoral cells compared to Fe3O4@Ag NPs. These effects were associated to the ability of these NPs act simultaneous as cytotoxic (necrosis inductors) and cytostatic compounds inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest. NPs also demonstrated low hemolysis ratio (<10%) at ideal work range, evidencing their potential for biomedical applications.
Incorporation of heparin/BMP2 complex on GOCS-modified magnesium alloy to synergistically improve corrosion resistance, anticoagulation, and osteogenesis
Authors: Lin Yuebin , Yang Ya , Zhao Yongjuan , Gao Fan , Guo Xin , Yang Minhui , Hong Qingxiang , Yang Zhongmei , Dai Juan , Pan Changjiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe in vivo fast degradation and poor biocompatibility are two major challenges of the magnesium alloys in the field of artificial bone materials. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was first functionalized by chitosan (GOCS) and then immobilized on the magnesium alloy surface, finally the complex of heparin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 was incorporated on the modified surface to synergistically improve the corrosion resistance, anticoagulation, and osteogenesis. Apart from an excellent hydrophilicity after the surface modification, a sustained heparin and BMP2 release over 14 days was achieved. The corrosion resistance of the modified magnesium alloy was significantly better than that of the control according to the results of electrochemical tests. Moreover, the corrosion rate was also significantly reduced in contrast to the control. The modified magnesium alloy not only had excellent anticoagulation, but also can significantly promote osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, upregulate the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and enhance mineralization. Therefore, the method of the present study can be used to simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys targeted for the orthopedic applications.
miR-34a-5p might have an important role for inducing apoptosis by down-regulation of SNAI1 in apigenin-treated lung cancer cells
Authors: Aida Rieko , Hagiwara Keitaro , Okano Kazunori , Nakata Kyoko , Obata Yuho , Yamashita Takahiro , Yoshida Kaoru , Hagiwara Hiromi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApigenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant and anticancer effects. It has been reported that apigenin inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in cultured lung cancer cells. However, there is little information on the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in its effects. miRNA microarray analysis and polymerase-chain-reaction analysis of miRNAs revealed that treatment of human lung cancer A549 cells with apigenin up-regulated the level of miR-34a-5p. Furthermore, mRNA microarray analysis and the results of three microRNA target prediction tools showed that Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1 (SNAI1), which inhibits the induction of apoptosis, had its mRNA expression down-regulated in A549 cells treated with apigenin. Our findings suggest that apigenin might induce apoptosis by down-regulation of SNAI1 through up-regulation of miR-34a-5p in A549 cells.
Pan-African rare metals bearing pegmatites in Wadi Ghadir, South Eastern desert, Egypt: the geochemical evolution and implications for mineralization
Authors: Kamar Mohamed S. , Moghazy Nasser M. , Saleh Gehad M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuartz-diorites, monzogranites and pegmatites are the main rock units in the studied area. The pegmatites occur as zoned pockets within monzogranites with zonal arrangement: border, wall, intermediate, and core zones. The wall zone have enrichment of radioactive and RREs-bearing minerals. K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz are essential minerals, whereas uranothorite, columbite, zircon, xenotime, monazite, sphalerite and pyrite are accessories. Geochemically, the pegmatites of W. Ghadir have peraluminous character, ferroan with alkalic–calcic affinity and emplaced in within plate setting. These pegmatites revealed Li-bearing variety and high level of rare earth elements mineralization. The studied pegmatites exhibit high contents of Li, Nb, Cu, Ta, U, Th, Pb, Zr, Zn and Ga, can be from the previous data, the studied pegmatites can be classified as a Niobium–Yttrium–Fluorine (NYF) pegmatite or rare metal pegmatite. The trace elements ratio supports a low degree of fractionation and metasomatism in the evolutionary history of the pegmatites, and the very low Cs values (2.2–4.3 ppm) indicate paucity of alkali metal fractionation. Spectrometric investigation revealed that monzogranites are not uraniferous, while the radioactive anomaly is confined to the pegmatites. Applying the U mobilization equation proved that pegmatite samples have been originated from a late magmatic phase of magma very rich in radioelements, and the pegmatites affected with hydrothermal solutions rich in uranium than thorium which indicates uranium addition. Radioactive and important heavy minerals are represented by uranothorite, columbite, zircon, monazite, xenotime, sphalerite and pyrite.
Measuring time clinicians spend using EHRs in the inpatient setting: a national, mixed-methods study
Authors: Cohen Genna R , Boi Jessica , Johnson Christian , Brown Llew , Patel Vaishali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To understand hospitals’ use of EHR audit-log-based measures to address burden associated with inpatient EHR use.

Materials and Methods
Using mixed methods, we analyzed 2018 American Hospital Association Information Technology Supplement Survey data (n = 2864 hospitals; 64% response rate) to characterize measures used and provided by EHR vendors to track clinician time spent documenting. We interviewed staff from the top 3 EHR vendors that provided these measures. Multivariable analyses identified variation in use of the measures among hospitals with these 3 vendors.

Results
53% of hospitals reported using EHR data to track clinician time documenting, compared to 68% of the hospitals using the EHR from the top 3 vendors. Among hospitals with EHRs from these vendors, usage was significantly lower among rural hospitals and independent hospitals (P &lt; .05). Two of these vendors provided measures of time spent doing specific tasks while the third measured an aggregate of auditable activities. Vendors varied in the underlying data used to create measures, measure specification, and data displays.

Discussion
Tools to track clinicians’ documentation time are becoming more available. The measures provided differ across vendors and disparities in use exist across hospitals. Increasing the specificity of standards underlying the data would support a common set of core measures making these measures more widely available.

Conclusion
Although half of US hospitals use measures of time spent in the EHR derived from EHR generated data, work remains to make such measures and analyses more broadly available to all hospitals and to increase its utility for national burden measurement.
Ocular Surface Characteristics and Colonization in a Burn Center: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: De La Parra-Colin Paola , Gonzalez-De La Torre Alejandra , Franco-Cendejas Rafael , Gonzalez-Veliz Alejandra , Zarza-Garcia Vania , Vázquez Mellado Martínez Ivette Paola , García Hernández María de Lourdes , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and colonization by pathogenic microorganisms of the ocular surface in patients in a burn center and to determine their association with sedation, mechanical ventilation, and periocular burn. We prospectively evaluated 40 patients during an 8-mo period. Five evaluations where performed, at baseline and weekly on four more occasions or until hospital discharge or death. On each visit, we assessed periocular burn, lid position, Bell’s phenomenon, Schirmer’s test, presence of chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and exposure keratopathy; conjunctival fornix swabs were taken for microbiology culture. Also, we documented the level of sedation, mechanical ventilation status, and systemic and ocular treatment. Absent Bell’s phenomenon and chemosis were significantly different at baseline in patients under mechanical ventilation, sedation, and in those with a periocular burn. The cumulative incidence of exposure keratopathy was 22.5% and the cumulative incidence of ocular surface colonization by pathogenic microorganisms was 32.5%. Both outcomes were associated with mechanical ventilation and periocular burn. The most frequent pathogenic microorganisms on the ocular surface were Candida parapsilosis, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. We did not observe any case of a persistent epithelial defect, infectious keratitis, corneal perforation or corneal opacity in this cohort. Results from our study may benefit future patients by allowing better risk stratification and treatment strategies for the ocular surface care in burn units.
Once-Daily Incremental Vestibular-Ocular Reflex Adaptation Training in Patients With Chronic Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: A 1-Week Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Rinaudo Carlo N. , Schubert Michael C. , Cremer Phillip D. , Figtree William V. C. , Todd Christopher J. , Migliaccio Americo A. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
This was a double-blinded randomized controlled study to investigate the effects of once-daily incremental vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) training over 1 week in people with chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction.

Methods:
A total of 24 patients with peripheral vestibular hypofunction were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 13) or control (n = 11) groups. Training consisted of either x1 (control) or incremental VOR adaptation exercises, delivered once daily for 15 minutes over 4 days in 1 week. Primary outcome: VOR gain with video-oculography. Secondary outcomes: Compensatory saccades measured using scleral search coils, dynamic visual acuity, static balance, gait, and subjective symptoms. Between-group differences were analyzed with a linear mixed-model with repeated measures.

Results:
There was a difference in the VOR gain increase between groups (P < 0.05). The incremental training group gain increased during active (13.4% ± 16.3%) and passive (12.1% ± 19.9%) head impulse testing (P < 0.02), whereas it did not for the control group (P = 0.59). The control group had reduced compensatory saccade latency (P < 0.02). Both groups had similarly improved dynamic visual acuity scores (P < 0.05). Both groups had improved dynamic gait index scores (P < 0.002); however, only the incremental group had improved scores for the 2 walks involving head oscillations at approximately 2 Hz (horizontal: P < 0.05; vertical: P < 0.02), increased gait speed (P < 0.02), and step length (P < 0.01) during normal gait, and improved total Dizziness Handicap Inventory (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest incremental VOR adaptation significantly improves gain, gait with head rotation, balance during gait, and symptoms in patients with chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction more so than conventional x1 gaze-stabilizing exercises.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A336).
Acute Management of Thermal Hand Burns in Adults
Authors: Dargan Dallan , Kazzazi Diana , Limnatitou Dimitra , Cochrane Elliott , Stubbington Yvonne , Shokrollahi Kayvan , Ralston David 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Advances in the evidence base of acute thermal hand burns help to guide the management of these common injuries. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate recent evidence in the field over 10 years.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols methodology was used as a guide for this literature review. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched for English language articles related to hand burns published between 2009 and 2018 inclusive, and the Cochrane Library was reviewed. Exclusion criteria were as follows: participants younger than 18 years, scar or contracture management, rehabilitation, outcomes assessment, late reconstruction, and electrical or chemical burns.

Results
An initial search retrieved 6493 articles, which was narrowed to 403 full-text articles that were reviewed independently by 3 of the authors and categorized. Of 202 included articles, there were 8 randomized controlled trials and 2 systematic reviews. Six evidence-based guidelines were reviewed. Referral of hand burns to specialist centers, use of telemedicine, early excision and grafting, and immediate static splintage have been recommended. Enzymatic debridement results in earlier intervention, more accurate burn assessment, preservation of vital tissue, and fewer skin grafts, and ideally requires regional anesthesia. Guidance on escharotomy emphasizes indication, technique and adequate intervention, and potential for enzymatic debridement. Inclusion of topical negative pressure, dermal regenerative templates, acellular dermal matrices, and noncellular skin substitutes in management has helped improve scar and functional outcomes.

Discussion
The results of this literature review demonstrate that multiple national and international societies have published burns guidelines during the decade studied, with aspects directly relevant to hand burns, including the International Society for Burn Injuries guidelines. There are opportunities for evidence-based quality improvement across the field of hand burns in many centers.

Conclusions
More than 200 articles globally in 10 years outline advances in the understanding of acute management of thermal hand burns. Incorporating the evidence base into practice may facilitate optimization of triage referral pathways and acute management for hand burns.
Estimated GFR Slope in Kidney Transplant Patients: When the Error Is Random
Authors: Luis Lima Sergio , Marrero Miranda Domingo , González Rinne Ana , Negrín Mena Natalia , Pérez Tamajón Lourdes , Rodríguez Aurelio , Alvarez González Alejandra , González Delgado Alejandra , Ferrer Moure Carmen , González Rinne Federico , Martín Laura Díaz , Rodríguez Rodríguez Ana Elena , Gómez Díaz Laura , García Cabrera Verónica , Jiménez Sosa Alejandro , Torres Armando , Ortiz Alberto , Gaspari Flavio , Porrini Esteban 
Published: March 2021

Background.
The evaluation of renal function changes over time is crucial in day-to-day renal transplant care, and the slope of renal function is a major outcome in clinical trials. Little is known about the reliability of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in reflecting real glomerular filtration rate (GFR) changes.

Methods.
We analyzed the variability of eGFR slope by 63 equations in estimating measured GFR (mGFR) changes in 110 renal transplant patients. The agreement between eGFR and mGFR slopes was evaluated by the concordance correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement. Patients were grouped based on mGFR slope in rapid GFR loss: faster than −3 mL/min/y; stable renal function: −3 to +3 mL/min/y; and improvement in GFR: higher than +3 mL/min/y.

Results.
Concordance correlation coefficient averaged 0.36 and limits of agreement ±10 mL/min/y, indicating very poor agreement between eGFR and mGFR slopes. The eGFR slope classified patients into the same group of mGFR slope only in 25% of the cases. In about two-thirds of patients, the eGFR slope was either markedly faster or slower than the mGFR slope. In half of these cases, the discrepancy between mGFR and eGFR slopes was ≥50%.

Conclusions.
Formulas are neither accurate nor precise in reflecting real GFR decline in renal transplant patients, making them unreliable for clinical practice and trials.