bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Cyclophilin-a Proteins That Associated With Protein Folding in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Kumawat Manoj , Karuna Irungbam , Chaudhary Divya , Ahlawat Neeraj , Nabi Bilkees , Ahlawat Sushma 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) is the zoonotic pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to causes infectious disease in humans as well as in animals. It causes gastrointestinal illness and fever called salmonellosis, which is foodborne diarrheal and leading cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) during its pathogenesis takeaway the actin cytoskeleton of their host cells and this is the crucial step of its infection cycle. Cyclophilin A, a type of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that’s encoded by the ppiA gene in ST, plays pleiotropic roles in maintaining bacterial physiology. In this research, the proteomic characterization of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase- A (Cyclophilin A) from Salmonella Typhimurium is reported. Cyclophilin A (CypA) protein from Salmonella Typhimurium proved to be a highly conserved protein sequence and highly homologous compared to other organisms. This protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and then purified in a recombinant form protein exhibited a characteristic PPIases activity (Vmax = 0.8752 ± 0.13892 µmoles/ min, Km = 0.9315 ± 0.5670 µM) in comparison to control. Also, in this study the mass spectrometry analysis of Cyp A protein-peptide showed the highest sequence similarity with the cyclophilin protein of Salmonella. PPIases proteins enzyme data suggest that Ppi-A has roles in the protein folding that may be contributing to the virulence of Salmonella by isomerization of protein outline. These results suggest an active and vital role of this protein in protein folding along with regulation in Salmonella Typhimurium.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cancers of the Member Countries in the "Belt and Road" Initiative
Authors: Wang Baohua , He Fengdie , Hu Yanan , Sha Yuting , Wang Dan , Wang Qiutong , Wu Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: We analyze the prevalence and risk factors of cancer in the member states of the “Belt and Road”, to explore the basis of health and medical cooperation between countries, and to provide a foundation for formulating cancer prevention and control policies for building the healthy "Belt and Road". Methods: We apply incidence, mortality, age-standardized rates, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) to measure the prevalence and risk factors of cancers in the “Belt and Road” countries. Results: Lung, breast, colorectal, stomach, liver, prostate, cervical, esophageal, thyroid, and uterine cancers are the most common and highest mortality cancers in the “Belt and Road” countries. For men, the highest cancer incidence and mortality is Hungary (ASR, 289.3 per 100,000 and ASR, 235.7 per 100,000, respectively), followed by Latvia (ASR, 288.6 per 100,000 and ASR, 196.5 per 100,000, respectively), the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia enjoy the lowest (ASR, 34.3 per 100,000 and ASR, 36.1 per 100,000, respectively). The mortality and incidence rates of cancers in Greek and Brunei are highest in females (ASR, 238.7 per 100,000 and ASR, 192.3 per 100,000, respectively). Tobacco products, infectious factors, and ultraviolet rays are the three main cancer risk factors in the “Belt and Road” countries. Conclusion: The overall burden of cancer in the “Belt and Road” member states remains substantial, while the corresponding cancer prevention and control policies need to be improved. Enhancing health cooperation among the member countries will contribute to the joint response to the risks and challenges posed by cancer. (249 words)
Machine learning the derivative discontinuity of density-functional theory
Authors: Gedeon Johannes , Schmidt Jonathan , Hodgson Matthew , Wetherel Jack , Benavides-Riveros Carlos , Marques Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Machine learning is a powerful tool to design accurate, highly non-local, exchange-correlation functionals for density functional theory. So far, most of those machine learned functionals are trained for systems with an integer number of particles. As such, they are unable to reproduce some crucial and fundamental aspects, such as the explicit dependency of the functionals on the particle number or the infamous derivative discontinuity at integer particle numbers. Here we propose a solution to these problems by training a neural network as the universal functional of density-functional theory that (i) depends explicitly on the number of particles with a piece-wise linearity between the integer numbers and (ii) reproduces the derivative discontinuity of the exchange-correlation energy. This is achieved by using an ensemble formalism, a training set containing fractional densities, and an explicitly discontinuous formulation.
Metamaterial Inspired Electrically Small Multiband Monopole Antenna Using Single DNG MTM and Ring Resonators
Authors: Thankachan Shiney , Paul Binu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new metamaterial inspired electrically small multi-band monopole antenna. The proposed antenna is capable of operating at DCS 1800 in the lower band. At the same time, in the higher band, it covers two wireless local area network (WLAN) bands at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. This paper describes the design and detailed analysis of an electrically small (ka = 0.64 < 1) antenna with a -10dB fractional bandwidth of 2.01%, 1.64% and 2.71% for triple-band operations with centre frequencies 1.80, 2.45 and 5.17 GHz. The compactness is achieved by the application of double negative metamaterial on a monopole antenna operating at 9 GHz. The proposed antenna has an overall compact electrical size 0.14 λ0 × 0.14λ0 × 0.01 λ0 at 1.8 GHz and physical dimensions 24 × 24 × 1.6 mm3 including the ground. In this proposed ESA a second DNG structure is also incorporated to enhance its gain. This enables reliable operations at DCS 1800 and WLAN frequencies 2.4 and 5.2 GHz.
Dynamical Mechanisms for the Recent Ozone Depletion in the Arctic Stratosphere Linked to the North Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures
Authors: Hu Dingzhu , Guan Zhaoyong , Liu Meichen , Feng Wuhu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ozone layer, which prevents solar ultraviolet radiation from reaching the surface and thereby protects life on earth, is expected to recover from past depletion during this century due to the impact of the Montreal Protocol. However, how the ozone column over the Arctic will evolve over the next few decades is still under debate. In this study, we found that the ozone level in the Arctic stratosphere during the period of 1998–2018 exhibits a decreasing trend of –0.12±0.07 ppmv decade–1 from MERRA2, suggesting a continued depletion during this century. This ozone depletion is contributed by the second leading mode of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) with one month leading and therefore dynamical in origin. The North Pacific SSTAs associated with this mode tend to result in a weakened Aleutian low, a strengthened Western Pacific pattern and a weakened Pacific–North American pattern, which impede the upward propagation of planetary wavenumber-1 waves into the lower stratosphere. The changes in the stratospheric wave activity tend to result in decreased ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere through weakening the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Our findings will provide new understanding of how dynamical processes control Arctic stratospheric ozone and will help to improve prediction of how Arctic ozone will evolve in the future.
Measuring Voluntary Responses in Healthcare Utilization During and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yung-Yu , Tzu-Ting Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Healthcare has been one of the most affected sectors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The utilization of related services for non-COVID-19 diseases fell dramatically following the point at which the virus broke out; however, little is known about whether this observed decline in healthcare use was due to voluntary behaviors or enforced measures. This paper quantifies the spontaneous change in healthcare utilization during and after the pandemic. We utilize a county-by-week-level dataset from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) record, covering the entire Taiwanese population, and a difference-in-differences design. Our results indicate that even if there were no human mobility restrictions or supply-side constraints, people voluntarily reduced their demand for healthcare, due to fears of contagion, or COVID-related precautionary behaviors. We find that the number of outpatient visits (inpatient admissions) decreased by 21% (11%) during the pandemic period (February to May 2020). Furthermore, the demand response of healthcare for infectious diseases (e.g., flu) was much greater and more persistent than for non-infectious diseases, thereby suggesting that the substantial decline in accessing healthcare was induced by positive public health externality of prevention measures for COVID-19. Finally, we find that the demand for healthcare services did not get back to the pre-pandemic baseline, even when there were no local coronavirus cases for 253 consecutive days (mid-April to December 2020) in Taiwan.
Effectiveness of 2D Induced Polarisation &amp; Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Mapping Fracture Heterogeneity in Foundation Soils.
Authors: Nnebedum Okechukwu Donald , Igwe Ogbonnaya , Ifediegwu Stanley Ikenna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Inhomogeneity caused by fractures can constitute real problems in foundation soils which consequently can lead to structural failure. 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been exceedingly popular in mapping near surface discontinuities that can possibly affect engineering structures. The effectiveness of using Induced Polarisation Tomography (IPT) in mapping subsurface fractures was explored. Using the same field way out for both ERT and IPT, investigations were carried out at a failed structure with foundational inhomogeneity in the Nsukka area, Southeastern Nigeria. Four Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and four Induced Polarisation Tomography (IPT) were carried out. Electrical Resistivity Tomography for profile line one (ERT1) and that of the opposite section, ERT3, revealed a fault trending NNW- SSE. This anomaly was also observed on the Induced Polarization Tomography for profile line one (IPT1) as well as that of profile line three (IPT3) at the same offset distances, delineating the same fracture zone. A second fault trending in NE-SW was mapped by the Electrical Resistivity Tomography for profile line two (ERT2) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography for profile line four (ERT4). The fault was also visible in the Induced Polarization counterparts, IPT2 and IPT4. Field validation along mapped trends recorded subtle cracks on the foundation along the same trend detected by the IPT as well as the ERT.
Real Time Medical Image Encryption Based on Digitial Hologram in Various Optical Domains
Authors: GIRIJA R , Singh Hukum , ABIRAMI G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of digital hologram (DH) in optical medical images is analyzed in this paper. These analyses are done in various domains of double random phase encoding and it has been proposed. The domains are fractional Fourier, Gyrator, Fractional Hartley and Fresnel. In order to use in real time scheming, this proposal are used many medical images such as MRI Scan, X-ray and mammograms. These medical images are optically explored with the various domains of double random phase encoding. At that time, various encryption areas in double random phase encoding (DRPE) are considered with boosted confidence of security. The encryption and decryption process in various domains makes the complete chart analysis for all kind of medical images which can be used for real time processing. Simulation analysis and results shows the legitimacy and efficiency of proposed scheme.
The Influence of Bracket Torque on External Apical Root Resorption in Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xiaojuan Zhang , Hong Zhou , Xiangling Liao , Jinhua Sang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the difference in root resorption between standard torque self-ligating brackets and high torque self-ligating brackets in bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment CBCT of 32 patients (16 treated with the high torque DamonQ 0.022” bracket and 16 with the 0.022” standard torque self-ligating bracket) were selected. The first premolars were extracted from all patients before treatment. After mini-screw implants were inserted into the buccal region between the second premolar and first molar, 150 g of force was applied to retract the upper and lower anterior teeth to close the extraction space on each side. CBCT images of all patients were taken before and after treatment. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor and canine was conducted with Mimics 20.0 software. The volumes of the roots were calculated using Gomagics Studio 12.0 software. The differences between the pre-treatment and post-treatment root volumes were statistically evaluated with a paired-samples t-test.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in root resorption degree between the two kinds of torque brackets. The patient’s degree of root resorption in the high torque self-ligating group was greater than that in the standard torque group.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in root external apical resorption between the high torque self-ligating brackets and the standard torque self-ligating brackets in bimaxillary protrusion patients.Clinical Relevance: A comparison of the effects of different torque brackets on root resorption can provide some guidance for bracket selection in clinical work.
Simulation and Experimental Research on Nickel-based Coating Preparedby Jet Electrodeposition at Different Scanning Speeds
Authors: xiuqing Fu , Li Jia , Zhang Hongwen , Xian Jieyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to study the processing mechanism of jet electrodeposition and explore the influence of different scanning speed on the wear and corrosion resistance of nickel-based coating prepared by jet electrodeposition. The reciprocating scanning motion of the nozzle was used to prepare the nickel-based coating in a specific area. Combined with COMSOL software, the coupling effect of multiple physical fields in the process of jet electrodeposition at different scanning speeds was numerically calculated. Scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester, material surface comprehensive performance tester and electrochemical workstation were used to analyze the surface morphology, section thickness, microhardness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the nickel-based coating prepared by jet electrodeposition at different scanning speeds. Results show that with the increase of scanning speed, coating grain size decreases, and the coating thickness increases after the first decreases, and microhardness increase after decreases first, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance were lower after increase first, When the scanning speed reaches 600mm/min, the jet electrodeposited nickel-based coating has the best performance, the maximum thickness reaches 24.83μm, the microhardness reaches 616.86HV, and the wear scar area is 2766.75μm2. In addition, the self-corrosion potential is -0.33V, the self-corrosion current density is 5.16E-7A·cm2, and the equivalent impedance is 4660Ω. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model and provides theoretical guidance for further experiments related to jet electrodeposition.
Immune cell composition and immunological profiles of the breast cancer microenvironment represented by histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression: A systematic analysis
Authors: Hanamura Toru , Kitano Shigehisa , Kagamu Hiroshi , Yamashita Makiko , Terao Mayako , Tsuda Banri , Okamura Takuho , Kumaki Nobue , Hozumi Katsuto , Harada Naoki , Iwamoto Takayuki , Honda Chikako , Kurozumi Sasagu , Niikura Naoki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background. A better understanding of tumor immunology can facilitate the development of new treatment strategies for various malignancies. Histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (hTILs) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (hPD-L1) have been established as prognostic or predictive biomarkers in certain subsets of breast cancer. However, the complexity of multiple types of immune cells is not fully understood. In this study, the immune cell fractions in breast cancer tissue and blood were evaluated to analyze their association with hTILs and hPD-L1. Methods. In total, 45 tumor and 18 blood samples were collected from breast cancer patients. The total leukocyte counts, proportions of 11 types of immune cells in the samples, and PD-L1 expression in each fraction were evaluated using multicolor flow cytometry for both the tumor and blood samples. The hTILs and hPD-L1 were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results. The immune cell composition of the blood showed a partial correlation with that of the tumor tissue; however, no significant association was found between the blood immune cell compositions and hTIL or hPD-L1 expression. A higher hTIL was associated with increased leukocyte infiltration as well as a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and lower proportion of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells. PD-L1 was highly expressed in the monocyte/macrophage (Mo/Mφ), nonclassical monocyte (CD16+ Mo), myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), dendritic cell (DC), and myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) fractions in the tumor tissues. hPD-L1 positivity was associated with increased leukocyte infiltration in the tumor tissues and PD-L1 expression in Mo/Mφ, CD16+ Mo, MDSC, DC, and mDC fractions. Conclusion. There was a partial correlation in the composition of immune cells at the tumor site and that in the peripheral blood. A high proportion of hTILs reflects not only higher immune cell infiltration but also differences in the immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Non-B-cell antigen-presenting cell fractions such as Mo/Mφ, CD16+ Mo, MDSC, DC, and mDC fractions are involved primarily in the PD-L1 pathway in the breast cancer microenvironments.
Time-optimal Feedrate Scheduling with Actuator Constraints for 5-axis Machining
Authors: Kornmaneesang Woraphrut , Chen Shyh-Leh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cycle time minimization is one of the major goals that many manufacturers are eager to achieve. Maximizing feedrate is the direct solution, however, physical motions need to be under the specified motion limits to avoid high-frequency vibration, causing machining error. In this paper, a time-optimal feedrate scheduling approach for 5-axis G1 toolpath is presented for 5-axis machining. A quintic B-spline corner smoothing method is utilized to smoothen sharp corners in the toolpath. Then, the S-shape feedrate profile of each block is optimized under the actuator motion constraints, with the objective of minimizing the cycle time. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to provide the optimized solution. Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed approach and the results are compared with two other existing approaches. It is found that the proposed method can achieve shorter cycle time and less contour errors, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Systemic Anticoagulation is Associated With Decreased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Bian Yi , Le Yue , Zhang Ping , He Zhigang , Wang Ye , Yu Shanshan , Fang Yu , Yu Gang , Ling Jianmin , Feng Yikuan , Wei Sheng , Huang Jiao , Xiao Liuniu , Zheng Yingfang , Yu Zhen , Li Shusheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has revealed that coagulopathy and widespread thrombosis in the lung are common in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This raises questions about the efficacy and safety of systemic anticoagulation (AC) in COVID-19 patients. Method: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study unselectively reviewed 2272 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Tongji Hospital between Jan 25 and Mar 23, 2020. Propensity score-matching between patients adjusted for potential covariates was carried out with the patients divided into two groups depending on whether or not they had received AC treatment (AC group, ³7 days of treatment; non-AC group, no treatment). This yielded 164 patients in each group. Result: In-hospital mortality of the AC group was significantly lower than that of the non-AC group (14.0% vs. 28.7%, P =0.001). Treatment with AC was associated with a significantly lower probability of in-hospital death (adjusted HR=0.273, 95% CI, 0.154 to 0.484, P<0.001). The incidence of major bleeding and thrombocytopenia in the two groups was not significantly different. Subgroup analysis showed the following factors were associated with a significantly lower in-hospital mortality in patients who had received AC treatment; severe cases (13.2% vs. 24.6%, P=0.018), critical cases (20.0% vs 82.4%, P=0.003), patients with a D-dimer level ≥0.5 μg/mL (14.8% vs. 33.8, P<0.001), and moderate (16.7% vs. 60.0%, P=0.003) or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cases at admission (33.3% vs. 86.7%, P=0.004). During the hospital stay, critical cases (38.3% vs. 76.7%, P<0.001) and severe ARDS cases (36.5% vs. 76.3%, P<0.001) who received AC treatment had significantly lower in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: AC treatment decreases the risk of in-hospital mortality, especially in critically ill patients, with no additional significant, major bleeding events or thrombocytopenia being observed.Trials registration - ChiCTR2000039855
The Varying Roles of Ecosystem Services in Poverty Alleviation Among Rural Households in Urbanizing Watersheds
Authors: Yin Dan , Huang Qingxu , He Chunyang , Hua Xiaobo , Liao Chuan , Inostroza Luis , Zhang Ling , Bai Yansong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ContextUnderstanding the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being in rural areas of rapidly urbanizing watersheds is one of the core research questions of landscape sustainability science. It is important for poverty alleviation and forming related policies. However, there is insufficient investigation on the impact of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation at the household level in such regions. ObjectivesThis paper investigates whether household characteristics play an important role in connecting ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in a rapidly urbanizing landscape from the perspective of landscape sustainability science.MethodsWe use an urbanizing watershed with a large number of poor people, analyzing the impacts of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation among different types of rural households based on surveys, cluster analysis, and multinomial logit models. ResultsThe results suggested that neither provisioning services nor cultural services that are received by the households were significantly associated with poverty alleviation (p>0.1). However, the decline in one regulating service (natural disaster prevention) had a significant, negative impact on poverty alleviation (p<0.1), and the probability for natural disaster-affected farmers to fall into poverty was approximately 32 times higher than that for those who were not. ConclusionsDifferences in household-level endowments largely explained the diverging roles of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation. Therefore, in urbanizing watersheds, pro-poor policies such as providing agricultural insurance and targeted support (e.g., interest-free microcredit) should be adopted to improve the ability of poverty-stricken households to cope with disasters and prevent them from returning to poverty.