bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance of Sepsis-3 Criteria to Predict Mortality Among Patients With Hematologic Malignancy and Post-transplant who Have Suspected Infection
Authors: Henig Oryan , Putler Rosemary K B , Albin Owen , Patel Twisha S , Kaul Daniel , Rao Krishna , Kaye Keith S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a leading cause of death, particularly in immunocompromised people. The revised definition of sepsis (Sepsis-3) uses the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA (qSOFA) to identify patients with sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of SOFA, qSOFA, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in immunocompromised patients.

Methods
Adult immunocompromised patients admitted to Michigan Medicine between 2012 and 2018 with suspected infection were included based on criteria adopted from the Sepsis-3 study. Each clinical score (SOFA ≥2, qSOFA ≥2, SIRS ≥2) was added to the baseline risk model as an ordinal variable as well as a dichotomous variable, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values were calculated. In addition, breakpoints of SOFA between 2 and 10 were assessed to identify the breakpoints with the highest sensitivity and specificity for hospital mortality. The analysis was stratified for intensive care unit (ICU) status.

Results
Of 2822 immunocompromised patients with a mean age of 56.8±15.6 years, 213 (7.5%) died during hospitalization. When added to the baseline risk model, SOFA score had the greatest predictive validity for hospital mortality (AUROC,0.802; 95% CI, 0.771–0.832), followed by qSOFA (AUROC,0.783; 95% CI, 0.754–0.812) and SIRS (AUROC,0.741; 95% CI, 0.708–0.774). Among the SOFA breakpoints that were evaluated, SOFA ≥6 had the greatest predictive validity and a moderate positive likelihood ratio (2.75) for hospital mortality.

Conclusions
The predictive validity for hospital mortality of qSOFA was similar among immunocompromised patients as that reported in the Sepsis-3 study. The sensitivity of qSOFA ≥2 for hospital mortality was low. SOFA ≥6 might be an effective tool to identify immunocompromised patients with suspected infection at high risk for clinical deterioration.
Corporate Growth and Acquisition
Authors: Ireland R. Duane , Withers Michael C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter assesses the current state of research on corporate growth, which remains an important strategic outcome and a much studied topic in strategic management. In the corporate setting, organizations can use three key modes to achieve growth: organic, alliance, and acquisitions. This chapter focuses on the acquisition mode as a critical way to spur growth. In doing so, the chapter takes stock of the current research on corporate growth. Based on this review, the chapter then offers a future research agenda to advance the research on acquisitive corporate growth.
Competitive Advantage = Strategy, Reboot
Authors: Durand Rodolphe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter takes stock of prior works on competitive advantage, a root concept for the strategy field. It offers key definitional elements and rationales that associate competitive advantage with superior performance, as well as existing criticisms of the notion and its empirical evidence. The last section opens new avenues for defining competitive advantage and enriching its relationships to performance. They pertain to the connection with other relevant literatures (e.g., on competition and market categories), the broadening of what (superior) performance means, and the mobilization of new methods.
CEO Succession
Authors: Anthea) Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Management scholars have devoted significant attention to chief executive officer (CEO) succession due to the substantive and symbolic importance of the CEO position. This chapter first provides a brief review of the early literature on CEO succession, followed by discussions on the new developments in the field in the past 20 years. Noticeable new developments include more fine-grained categorization of CEO succession and related processes, information issues surrounding CEO succession, and the roles of board evaluation and social approval assets in CEO succession, as well as female and ethnic-minority CEOs. This chapter also offers some suggestions on possible future research directions. The topics suggested for future research include, but are not limited to, the postsuccession transition process, incentives for CEOs to leave office, and the postsuccession careers of departed CEOs.
Microfoundations in Strategy: Content, Current Status, and Future Prospects
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microfoundations have been one of the key themes in strategy research over the last decade or so. Fundamentally, microfoundations seek to understand collective (e.g., firm)-level constructs in terms of the actions and interactions of individuals. This chapter briefly discusses the nature of microfoundations, provides an exposition of the microfoundational currents in contemporary strategy thinking, and discusses the key challenges that need to be addressed to advance microfoundational research. Chief among these challenges are the development and application of proper empirical methods and developing models of decision-making that are particularly relevant in a strategy context. The latter task involves going beyond expected utility or bounded rationality models and developing models that can address genuine (“deep”) uncertainty.
Roles and Institutions
Authors: Fuhse Jan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter develops a relational sociological account of the interplay of networks of social relationships with wider culture around the notions of role and institution. Roles mediate between the structure of social networks and institutionalized cultural patterns: On the one hand, they can emerge in small-scale network contexts and crystallize as long as the network structure persists. On the other hand, communication draws on institutionalized models to reduce its complexity and uncertainty. Relational institutions thereby imprint social networks by role categories. Such relational institutions include cultural models for actorhood, for social relationships (“relationship frames”), and for patterns of relationships. The chapter combines the general perspective of relational sociology with arguments from social network research, role theory, philosophical anthropology, and neo-institutionalism.
Love and Gender
Authors: Fuhse Jan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The chapter offers a relational-sociological account of gender, romantic love, and personal relationships. It conceptualizes gender as a social category that prescribes particular kinds of social relationships within and between genders. Traditionally, friends are supposed to be of the same gender, whereas romantic love has long been reserved for heterosexual relationships. Friendships connect transitively to form cliques, whereas romantic love is exclusively dyadic. Romantic love and gender, but also friendship and family, are cultural models (institutions) that bring order into personal relationships. They make for patterns of structural equivalence, with different patterns by type of relationship. The statistical analysis of confiding relations in the 2004 U.S. General Social Survey shows them to be remarkably gendered. Close personal ties to friends, neighbors, and even siblings run predominantly to members of the same gender. Women maintain more family relations, and men confide more in work colleagues.
Events in Networks
Authors: Fuhse Jan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social networks are dynamic structures of expectations that arise and continuously change over the course of social events. The conceptualization of these events with various key notions of sociological theory is discussed: The concepts of behavior, action, and social practices attribute events to individuals, whereas exchange, interaction, communication, transactions, and switchings are located between actors. Action, social practices, interaction, transactions, and communication involve the processing of meaning. I argue that an ideal conceptualization of events in networks should focus on observable processes between actors, and that it has to incorporate meaning, as a key interest of relational sociology. This suggests the concept of communication as a basis for the theory of social networks.
Parting of the Veil
Authors: McCabe Susan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Depressed, H.D. longed to travel to Delphi. On the SS Borodino, they met an archaeologist, Peter Rodeck, and H.D. had a supernatural experience she never dismissed, almost sure she had met his “astral body” looking out to sea, revealing a lost Atlantis. Her attraction to this passenger came, she thought, from his sensing Bryher’s longings, allowing “a marriage by proxy.” As other Hellenists, H.D. and Bryher studied Minoan cultures that boasted lost matriarchies. H.D. wrote about Pausanius, Euripides, and Sappho and practiced seeing what preexisted their presence. They visited the Acropolis several times, seeking out Athena Niké. Forbidden as two women alone to go to Delphi, they went to Corfu, and H.D. saw images flash on their hotel wall. Bryher completed her last “hieroglyph.” H.D. memorialized Corfu as her high point. They were initiates.
Cinematics
Authors: McCabe Susan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The threesome, Macpherson, Bryher, and H.D., established the Pool Group, its logo of spreading concentric rings suggestive of its expansive goal; they made a first film, Wing Beat, drawing Robert Herring into their circle. They created Close Up, the first journal in English devoted to experimental film arts. Bryher and Macpherson visited Berlin for all-day screenings, met G. W. Pabst and Hanns Sachs, the latter becoming Bryher’s psychoanalyst. After making Foothills, H.D. was pregnant by Macpherson and underwent an abortion, leading to tension in the trio. They had tried for a polygamous ménage, but this affair left them all hurting, especially with Macpherson realizing he was exclusively attracted to men. Perdita suffered at boarding school, mirroring the tensions in her experimental family. H.D. grieved her mother’s death in 1927 through HERmione. The group scrapbook resonates with their attempt to innovate diverse spatialized identities.
Death Drive & “the Perfect-Bi”
Authors: McCabe Susan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter situates H.D.’s friendship with Silvia Dobson, who shared her passion for astrology. Dobson had a romantic interest in H.D., who flirted, only to reject her. Rescuing analysts driven from Berlin made it logical for Bryher to finance troubled friends in analysis in London; Dobson was the first victim. Demeter-like, Bryher created Trenoweth Farms in Cornwall with her friend Doris Banfield for roots, bulbs, vegetables, while warning that the Nazis inched toward Austria. H.D. wrote a tortured portrait of herself in Nights. Coping with Sir John’s death and hearing of the airplane crash of the man whom she had regularly passed in Freud’s waiting room, H.D. returned to Freud, who thought she might carry on this patient’s quest. J. J. van der Leeuw, a pilot and scholar, had sought to bridge science and mysticism. During this course of analysis, H.D. had a major breakthrough, understanding herself as the “perfect-bi.”
Walls Falling & the Drive Inward
Authors: McCabe Susan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
T. S. Eliot’s “East Cooker” in 1940 encouraged H.D. as she wrote a vatic and communal antiwar poem, The Walls Do Not Fall. This volume of Trilogy explores survival and “ancient rubrics,” provoking her readers to practice “spiritual realism,” addressing those who need to do their “worm-cycle.” Bryher left Lowndes on jaunts to Trenoweth or Eckington, always inviting H.D., who visited Cornwall twice. Her first “escape” led H.D. to “R.A.F.,” an unusual narrative poem for her, pivoting upon sitting next to a pilot on sick leave on the train from Cornwall to London. She envisioned him at her writing desk. This experience led her to the Institute for Psychical Research; Air Marshall Dowding was himself a member. She met Arthur Bhaduri, a “seer” who would conduct séances for H.D. and Bryher. Perdita worked at Bletchley Park unscrambling codes.
Recovery & Illuminations (1953–)
Authors: McCabe Susan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
After seven years, H.D. returned to Kusnacht. Erich Heydt, an analyst in training, mesmerized her. Through creative transference, he was the model for her poem’s characters Achilles, then Paris. She placed Helen in Egypt, not Greece. H.D. had trouble recognizing Heydt’s queerness, though his boyfriend, Ivan Nagel, a music and literary critic, visited often. Bryher finally admitted Schmideberg to Kusnacht, and then set off with Kenneth and his lover, Islay Lyons, to Pakistan. After making recordings of Helen, H.D. and Bryher traveled to celebrate their archive at Yale. Upon their return, H.D. tripped and broke her leg at the hip. In Vale Ave, she showed a processional of doomed heterosexual couples. The survival of materiality, she told Robert Duncan, had inversely led to transcendent poetry and prose. In 1961, Dr. Theodore Brunner sold Kusnacht, giving residents little time to relocate. H.D. died from a stroke induced by this traumatic dislocation.
Realism, Physical Meaningfulness, and Molecular Spectroscopy
Authors: Miyake Teru , Smith George E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although the realism debate has focused on the work of Jean Perrin on Brownian motion, this chapter claims that the best place to look for a resolution of this debate is the period after the late 1920s, when stable theory-mediated measurement of molecular parameters first became possible through the application of quantum mechanics to spectroscopy. The chapter first examines how stable measurement of the molecular parameters of diatomic molecules was achieved in spectroscopy and then gauges what evidence there is that this stable measurement is giving spectroscopists access to the real properties and structure of molecules. It argues that an evaluation of the latter question requires a distinction to be made between physically meaningful representations and those that are not, and a full answer requires the deployment of that distinction in the analysis of scientific research on atoms and molecules in the period after 1950.
We Think, They Thought
Authors: Fahrbach Ludwig 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes and assesses the pessimistic meta-meta-induction, PMMI, which is an antirealist argument put forward to counter a realist response to the pessimistic meta-induction, PMI. The dialectic in which the PMMI arises unfolds as follows. Scientific realism, the view that our current successful theories are probably approximately true, is challenged by the PMI, according to which many successful theories in the past of science were later refuted. The realist response claims that science has improved a lot since the times of the past refuted theories and that these improvements block the PMI and save realism. The antirealist’s PMMI then counters that past realists could have said the same thing, namely that science has improved a lot in the same manner as realists claim for the recent past, but those improvements didn’t help past realists, as subsequent theory refutations show; hence, the recent improvements likewise don’t help current realists block the PMI to save realism; therefore, the antirealist’s PMMI concludes, the realists’ response to the PMI fails. This chapter attempts to show that the antirealist’s PMMI does not succeed.
The Private Life of William Shakespeare
Authors: Cowen Orlin Lena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A new biography of William Shakespeare that explores his private life in Stratford-upon-Avon, his personal aspirations, his self-determination, and his relations with the members of his family and his neighbours. The book is based in exacting archival research. It suggests the impact upon the young Shakespeare of his father’s business failures, why he wed at age 18, the ways in which his marriage made a career in the theatre possible, how he acquired property and lived as a gentleman, and what it meant that he left his wife Anne Hathaway his ‘second-best bed’. The approach is fresh, historical, and feminist.
The sequent calculus
Authors: Mancosu Paolo , Galvan Sergio , Zach Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn addition to natural deduction, Gentzen developed a different calculus, called the sequent calculus. A sequent is a configuration presenting an arrow symbol (⇒) flanked on the left and on the right by finite sequences of formulas, possibly empty. The sequent calculus is developed, with examples of how to prove statements in the calculus, and a few results about transforming proofs through variable replacements are proved. Proofs in the intuitionistic sequent calculus can be translated into natural deductions, and vice versa (this system is obtained by restricting sequents to those that have at most one formula on the right hand side of the arrow).
The consistency of arithmetic
Authors: Mancosu Paolo , Galvan Sergio , Zach Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter opens the part of the book that deals with ordinal proof theory. Here the systems of interest are not purely logical ones, but rather formalized versions of mathematical theories, and in particular the first-order version of classical arithmetic built on top of the sequent calculus. Classical arithmetic goes beyond pure logic in that it contains a number of specific axioms for, among other symbols, 0 and the successor function. In particular, it contains the rule of induction, which is the essential rule characterizing the natural numbers. Proving a cut-elimination theorem for this system is hopeless, but something analogous to the cut-elimination theorem can be obtained. Indeed, one can show that every proof of a sequent containing only atomic formulas can be transformed into a proof that only applies the cut rule to atomic formulas. Such proofs, which do not make use of the induction rule and which only concern sequents consisting of atomic formulas, are called simple. It is shown that simple proofs cannot be proofs of the empty sequent, i.e., of a contradiction. The process of transforming the original proof into a simple proof is quite involved and requires the successive elimination, among other things, of “complex” cuts and applications of the rules of induction. The chapter describes in some detail how this transformation works, working through a number of illustrative examples. However, the transformation on its own does not guarantee that the process will eventually terminate in a simple proof.
Perception and Reality: Sketch of an Interactive Realism
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNaturalistic and constructivist theories of cognition conceive of experienced reality as an internal simulation of the external world, which is generated from sensory data in the brain. In this way, they ascribe to perception a fundamentally illusory character compared to physical reality. The chapter contrasts this with an enactive conception of human experience on two levels, which is able to substantiate an interactive realism. On the first level, the objectivity of perception results from the sensorimotor interaction of living beings with their environment. On the second, specifically human level, perception transcends the subjective perspective through an implicit intersubjectivity: we always see, hear, touch, and handle things with the eyes, ears, and hands of others, as it were. This double interactive structure of perception makes it possible to reject the neuro-constructivist illusion theories and to establish a life-worldly realism.
Psychiatry between Psyche and Brain
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince its development around 1800, psychiatry has been moving between the poles of the sciences and the humanities, being directed toward subjective experience on the one hand and toward the neural substrate on the other hand. Today, this dualism seems to be overcome by a naturalism which identifies subjective experience with neural processes—according to the slogan “mental disorders are brain diseases.” Psychiatry thus tends to isolate mental illnesses from the patients’ social relationships and to neglect subjectivity and intersubjectivity in their explanation. What should be searched for instead is a paradigm that can establish psychiatry as a relational medicine in an encompassing sense: as a science and practice of biological, psychological and social relations, and their disorders. Within such a paradigm, the brain may be grasped and researched as the central “relational organ” without reductionist implications.
He Never Mattered
Authors: Curry Tommy J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that Black Lives Matter (BLM) has engaged in an exploitative political strategy that has capitalized on selling Black male suffering to white liberals. This strategy has deliberately marginalized Black males suffering from greater police killings, as well as ignored the various forms of sexual violence and rape experienced by Black men and boys in their encounters with police. Despite the disproportionate rate of police killings affecting Black men and boys, intersectionality scholars and BLM activists ignore the specific and targeting of Black males in the United States as a primary intellectual and political concern. This chapter concludes that intersectional invisibility’s reliance on recognition fails to account for Black male sexual victimization and the lethal targeting of Black males within America.
Sentencing Leniency for Black Offenders
Authors: Yost Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In response to the racial disparities that plague the American criminal justice system, the Movement for Black Lives calls for an end to policing and punishment “as we know them.” But refusing to punish violent offenses leaves unprotected those most vulnerable to crime, and outright abolition thus appears to undermine black rights and liberties. The author calls this the decarceration dilemma. After discussing Tommie Shelby and Christopher Lewis’s attempts to resolve the dilemma, the author offers his own, which employs a procedural rather than a substantive solution. He leans on the principle of expanded asymmetry (EA), which holds that it is better to underpunish than overpunish. After defending EA, the author notes that it obtains only under conditions of uncertainty. He then shows that because virtually all trials of black offenders meet the uncertainty condition, sentencing authorities are obliged to treat black offenders leniently. This chapter concludes by noting the advantages of the proceduralist approach.
Sky’s the Limit
Authors: Shafiei Keyvan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the author defends the claim that utopias can, and should, inform attempts to craft and effectuate successful programs of radical change. Specifically, it is argued that social and political organizing, even in response to seemingly intractable issues like systemic racial injustice, must ultimately be grounded in realistic utopian visions. This concept is borrowed from Erik Olin Wright and refined to argue that realistic utopias highlight the human potential for radical change and force us to recognize that the boundaries of what is possible are structurally contestable. The author conjoins this analysis with Elizabeth Anderson’s recent discussion of social movements as experiments in morality. For Anderson, social movements extend moral critique beyond the domain of mere theory by offering unique experiments in living morally. Along these lines, the chapter argues that the Movement for Black Lives offers a valuable case study in how we can experiment with realistic utopias.