bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots as an Eco‐Friendly Fluorescent Probe for Galantamine Analysis: Greenness Evaluation With Application to Pharmacokinetics Monitoring
Authors: Alosaimi Manal E. , Almalki Atiah H. , Abduljabbar Maram H. , Alnemari Reem M. , Alaqel Saleh I. , Serag Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the use of functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a fluorescent probe has been investigated for the quantitative determination of galantamine, a choline esterase inhibitor used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The GQDs exhibit a significant quenching in their fluorescence intensity upon interaction with galantamine allowing for sensitive and selective detection of the drug. This quenching process follows a dynamic pattern with a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of galantamine. Several factors affecting the quenching process were investigated and optimized, including the concentration of GQDs, the pH of the solution, and the incubation time. The proposed probe exhibited excellent analytical performance with a linear range of 10–500 ng/mL, a limit of detection of 15 ng/mL, accuracy of 100.78 ± 0.698%, and intraday and interday precision of 0.742 and 1.369%, respectively. Furthermore, the GQDs‐based sensor exhibited good selectivity towards galantamine in the presence of potentially interfering substances. Another advantage of the GQDs‐based sensor is its greenness evaluation, as it offers a more environmentally friendly alternative compared to traditional methods. In addition, the GQDs‐based sensor was successfully applied to analyze galantamine in pharmaceutical samples and in vivo samples, demonstrating its potential for pharmacokinetics monitoring.
Wearable photobiomodulation halts thyroid cancer growth by leveraging thyroid photosensitivity
Authors: Zhao Changrui , Fu Kun , Tian Jiameng , Long Tian , Song Jianzhong , Chen Siyu , Liu Chang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) rates rising significantly, concerns about conventional treatments like thyroidectomy and radiotherapy highlight the need for non‐invasive options. Our study explores photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which uses specific light wavelengths to evoke cellular responses in PTC treatment. Our research utilized a custom‐designed optical system to investigate PBMT, finding that blue light at a wavelength of 465 nm can safely and effectively inhibit the proliferation of the TPC‐1 PTC cell line by inducing cell cycle arrest. Additionally, we developed a wirelessly powered wearable PBMT device, which is equipped with an advanced light delivery system that ensures precise and consistent dosage. This device designed for optimal patient comfort, effectively suppressed tumor growth in mouse models without adverse effects. PBMT indicates thyroid tissue's light responsiveness as a non‐visual organ. Our study's innovative approach integrates the disciplines of oncology, biophysics, and medical device technology, thereby advancing the treatment paradigms for PTC. This interdisciplinary bridge not only highlights our groundbreaking findings but also paves the way for future research in cancer therapy and photomedicine.
Morphology of the sternoclavicular joint and its microanatomical changes in response to osteoarthritic degeneration
Authors: Mok Sophie , Almajed Yousef , Alomiery Abdulaziz , Soames Roger , Alashkham Abduelmenem 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough the sternoclavicular joint shares structural similarities with the knee and hip joints as a diarthrodial joint, its biomechanics differ significantly due to its non‐weight‐bearing nature. Nevertheless, it is subject to considerable loading, leading to increased susceptibility to osteoarthritis, a prevalent condition characterized by the degeneration of the joint's articular surfaces and fibrocartilaginous intra‐articular disc. The osteoarthritic degeneration of the fibrocartilaginous and cartilaginous surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint has been investigated, considering multiple factors. These include cell count, collagen alignment, surface fibrillation, cyst formation, and glycosaminoglycan content, with the findings deemed significant. However, current treatments for osteoarthritis of the sternoclavicular joint tend to focus on symptom management rather than active prevention of disease progression. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the anatomy, biomechanics, and morphological changes of the sternoclavicular joint during all stages of the osteoarthritic disease is essential for effective management to allow for maximum patient outcomes. This review explores the current literature on the anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint, starting with its structure and comparison to surrounding joints, biomechanics, and morphology, before considering the microanatomical changes that occur due to osteoarthritic degeneration. Early identification of osteoarthritic changes within this joint can enhance treatment and management outcomes before advancing joint degeneration, improving the quality of life for those affected.
Development and Validation of an MRI‐Based Radiomics Nomogram to Predict the Prognosis of De Novo Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Wen‐Qi , Xue Yu‐Ting , Huang Xu‐Yun , Lin Bin , Li Xiao‐Dong , Ke Zhi‐Bin , Chen Dong‐Ning , Chen Jia‐Yin , Wei Yong , Zheng Qing‐Shui , Xue Xue‐Yi , Xu Ning 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on MRI radiomics to predict overall survival (OS) for patients with de novo oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsA total of 165 patients with de novo oligometastatic PCa were included in the study (training cohort, n = 115; validating cohort, n = 50). Among them, MRI scans were conducted and T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequences were collected for radiomics features along with their clinicopathological features. Radiological features were extracted from T2WI and ADC sequences for prostate tumors. Univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) combined with 10‐fold cross‐validation were used to select the optimal features on each sequence. Then, a weighted radiomics score (Rad‐score) was generated and independent risk factors were obtained from univariate and multivariate Cox regressions to build the nomogram. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsEastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and Rad‐score were included in the nomogram as independent risk factors for OS in de novo oligometastatic PCa patients. We found that the areas under the curves (AUCs) in the training cohort were 0.734, 0.851, and 0.773 for predicting OS at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. In the validating cohort, the AUCs were 0.703, 0.799, and 0.833 for predicting OS at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of the predictive nomogram was confirmed through the analysis of DCA and calibration curve analysis.ConclusionThe MRI‐based nomogram incorporating Rad‐score and clinical data was developed to guide the OS assessment of oligometastatic PCa. This helps in understanding the prognosis and improves the shared decision‐making process.
Mechanoadaptive Bioelectronics for Deep Tissue Sensing
Authors: Ren Xueyang , Yuan Yuehui , Li Jianqing , Hu Benhui 
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive SummaryDeep‐tissue physiological signals are critical for accurate disease diagnosis. Current clinical equipment, however, often falls short of enabling continuous, long‐term monitoring. Wearable and implantable flexible electronics offer a promising avenue for addressing this limitation, allowing in vivo signal collection and paving the way for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. A major challenge lies in ensuring that these devices seamlessly integrate with the diverse physiological microenvironments throughout the human body. Mechanoadaptive bioelectronics is emerging as a key solution to optimize signal acquisition and device robustness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological characteristics of various organs and the types of signals they generate. Furthermore, it explores recent advancements in mechanoadaptive bioelectronics, systematically categorizes their strategies, and underscores their potential to revolutionize healthcare. Finally, we delve into the ongoing challenges in this field and highlight promising directions to advance the adaptability of bioelectronics further.
Key ScientistsIn 2017, researchers developed an ionic skin with enhanced mechanical compatibility through strain‐hardening properties.[1] Three years later, a neural interface platform called the adaptive self‐healing electronic epineurium (A‐SEE) was reported.[2] This platform minimized stress on neural tissue by dynamically relaxing stress. In 2021, an adaptive hydrogel hybrid probe was developed for long‐term tracking of isolated neuroelectric activity, optogenetics, and behavioral studies of neural circuits. This probe also utilized hydration‐induced softening to minimize the foreign body response.[3] In the same year, a shape‐adaptive imager with a Kirigami design was proposed.[4] In the following year, a morphing electronic (MorphE) device was reported, which exhibited attractive viscoelasticity and minimal stress on the growing nerve during long‐term implantation.[5] In 2023, a standardized tissue‐electronic interface was developed, which can be implanted with minimally invasive cardiac procedures on a rapidly beating heart.[6] Recently, a needle‐like microfiber based on biphasic liquid metal was created. This microfiber can reach the target site simply by puncturing and enable multifunctional sensing.[7] At about the same time, a device amalgamated with living and synthetic components was developed for studying and treating inflammatory skin disease.[8] This device enables real‐time digital updates and potentially adaptive treatment of non‐resolving inflammation, which is enlightening for the new generation of adaptive bioelectronics.
A virtual reality cognitive screening tool based on the six cognitive domains
Authors: Tan Ngiap Chuan , Lim Jie En , Sultana Rehena , Quah Joanne Hui Min , Wong Wei Teen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEarly detection of cognitive impairment enables interventions to slow cognitive decline. Existing neuropsychological paper‐and‐pencil tests may not adequately assess cognition in real‐life environments. A fully‐immersive and automated virtual reality (VR) system—Cognitive Assessment using VIrtual REality (CAVIRE)—was developed to assess all six cognitive domains. This case–control study aims to evaluate the ability of CAVIRE to differentiate cognitively‐healthy individuals from those with cognitive impairment.METHODSOne hundred nine Asian individuals 65–84 years of age were recruited at a primary care setting in Singapore. Based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), participants were grouped as either Cognitively Healthy (MoCA ≥26, n = 60) or Cognitively Impaired (MoCA <26, n = 49). Subsequently, all participants completed the CAVIRE assessment.RESULTSCognitively‐healthy participants achieved higher VR scores and required shorter completion time across all six cognitive domains (all p’s < 0.005). Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis showed area under the curve of 0.7267.DISCUSSIONThe results demonstrated the potential of CAVIRE as a cognitive screening tool in primary care.Highlights
CAVIRE is a virtual reality (VR) system that assesses the six cognitive domains.
CAVIRE can distinguish healthy individuals from individuals with cognitive impairment.
It has potential as a cognitive screening tool for older people in primary care.
Half‐Life Extension of the IgG‐Degrading Enzyme (IdeS) Using Fc‐Fusion Technology
Authors: Daventure Victoria , Bou‐Jaoudeh Melissa , Hannachi Emna , Reyes‐Ruiz Alejandra , Trecco Amélia , Delignat Sandrine , Lacroix‐Desmazes Sébastien , Deligne Claire 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTImlifidase (IdeS) is a bacterial protease that hydrolyzes human IgG in their hinge region, decreasing their half‐life and abrogating their Fc‐mediated properties. It is now successfully used in therapy to prevent graft rejection during kidney transplants and is being clinically evaluated in several IgG‐mediated autoimmune diseases. IdeS short half‐life however limits its clinical use, particularly in the case of chronic diseases that would request repeated administrations. Here, we developed IdeS‐Fc fusion proteins as a divalent homodimer (IdeS‐Fcdiv) or a monovalent heterodimer (IdeS‐Fcmonov), in order to extend the IgG‐depleting action of IdeS over time. Both IdeS‐Fc efficiently separated monoclonal and polyclonal human IgG into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments, although with slower kinetics than their native counterpart. IdeS‐Fcmonov exhibited a seven‐fold half‐life extension in vivo as compared with IdeS, and a significantly better residual cleavage of human IgG at later time points after injection. Our results provide proof of concept for the use of an IdeS with extended IgG‐hydrolyzing functions in vivo that could rapidly translate to the clinic.
Mathematical Modeling of Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics With Reinfection and Optimal Control
Authors: Ochieng Francis Oketch 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, claiming over 2 million lives annually, predominantly among adults. Existing TB models often neglect seasonal variations, optimal control, and reinfection, limiting their accuracy in predicting disease dynamics. This study presents a novel data‐driven SVEITRS mathematical model incorporating these factors to analyze TB transmission dynamics. Employing the next‐generation matrix approach, a basic reproduction number of 1.005341 was calculated, suggesting that without robust public health interventions, TB disease may persist in Kenya. The model equations were solved numerically using fourth‐ and fifth‐order Runge–Kutta methods, with the forward–backward sweep technique applied to the optimal control problem. The model was fitted to historical TB incidence data for Kenya from 2000 to 2022 using lsqcurvefit algorithm in MATLAB software. The fitting algorithm yielded a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0069, demonstrating a close alignment between simulated and observed data. The optimized parameter values were used to project future TB dynamics. Key findings indicate that a 20% decrease in transmission rate coupled with a 5% increase in vaccine efficacy, while maintaining other parameters constant, would result in a 32.60% reduction in TB transmission in Kenya. Moreover, the incidence of TB in Kenya is expected to decrease to an estimated 17 cases per 100,000 people by 2045 with sustained efforts in vaccine development and public awareness campaigns. The development of highly efficacious vaccines emerges as the most cost‐effective strategy in combating TB transmission in Kenya. Policymakers should prioritize investing in the development and deployment of highly efficacious vaccines to achieve optimal public health outcomes and economic benefits, aligning with Kenya's Vision 2030.
Daily Weather Data From Central and Eastern King George Island (West Antarctica) for 2018–2023
Authors: Plenzler Joanna , Budzik Tomasz , Wójcik‐Długoborska Kornelia Anna , Bialik Robert Józef 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe dataset presented in the paper contains meteorological data from four automatic weather stations (AWS) located in the central and western parts of King George Island (near Arctowski Station and Cape Lions Rump). The dataset includes daily mean, maximum and minimum values of air temperature, relative air humidity, air pressure, wind speed and daily sum of solar radiation. The measurement period ran from 2018.01.01 to 2023.12.31, but it is shorter for two of the stations. Mean values were calculated from measurements taken every 10 min. Direct measurements were used to identify extreme values. The described dataset consists offour files, each for one AWS. It is available in the PANGEA online repository under a non‐restrictive CC BY 4.0 licence for anyone after registration. Despite a strong correlation between the daily mean values of the parameters measured at certain stations, some differences between them were also noticeable. These were due to their location at different altitudes, in a place open to the sea or in a shaded place. Generally, values of wind speed, air humidity, solar radiation and pressure are similar to Arctowski during 2013–2017. The only notable distinction is that the mean annual air temperature and the mean air temperature in the winter months were higher than during 1977–1999 and 2013–2017. The data presented can be used as background for other research projects on King George Island, as well as for analysis of the meteorological conditions themselves. They may also be useful for the evaluation of the management plans of the eight Antarctic Specially Protected Areas or Antarctic Specially Managed Area no. 1 that are located on King George Island.
WDR49‐Positive Astrocytes Mark Severity of Neurodegeneration in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Rajicic Ana , Giannini Lucia A. A. , Gerrits Emma , van Buuren Renee , Melhem Shamiram , Slotman Johan A. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Eggen Bart J. L. , van Swieten John C. , Seelaar Harro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA subpopulation of astrocytes expressing WD Repeat Domain 49 (WDR49) was recently identified in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with GRN pathogenic variants. This is the first study to investigate their expression and relation to pathology in other FTLD subtypes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a postmortem cohort of TDP‐43 proteinopathies (12 GRN, 11 C9orf72, 9 sporadic TDP‐43), tauopathies (13 MAPT, 8 sporadic tau), 10 AD, and four controls, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed for WDR49 and pathological inclusions on frontal, temporal, and occipital cortical sections. WDR49‐positive cell counts (adjusted per mm2) were examined and related to digitally quantified percentage areas of TDP‐43/tau pathology and semiquantitative scores of neurodegeneration. Quantitative colocalization analysis of WDR49 and pathological inclusions was done. WDR49‐positive astrocytes were present across FTLD subtypes and AD in the brain parenchyma and (peri‐)vascular space, with distinct morphological patterns, and were particularly enriched in gray matter. In controls, sporadic WDR49‐positive cells were found enveloping vessels. WDR49‐positive astrocytes were most abundant in the frontal cortex (FC) of GRN cases and temporal cortex in GRN, AD, and sporadic primary tauopathy. In the occipital cortex, only a few cells were found across groups. WDR49‐positive astrocyte counts positively correlated with the severity of neurodegeneration and TDP‐43 pathology but not tauopathy. Furthermore, in frontotemporal cortices, WDR49 partly colocalized with TDP‐43 (14%–21%) and tau (31%–45%). In conclusion, WDR49 is a marker for a subset of astrocytes with different morphologies across FTLD and AD, reflecting the severity of neurodegeneration. These astrocytes may become activated in neurodegeneration in response to pathological damage and migrate from the vessel wall to the parenchyma.
Discovery, Replicability, and Generalizability of a Left Anterior Hippocampus' Morphological Network Linked to Self‐Regulation
Authors: Maleki Balajoo Somayeh , Plachti Anna , Nicolaisen‐Sobesky Eliana , Dong Debo , Hoffstaedter Felix , Meuth Sven G. , Melzer Nico , Eickhoff Simon B. , Genon Sarah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe human hippocampus is a key region in cognitive and emotional processing, but also a vulnerable and plastic region. Accordingly, there is a great interest in understanding how variability in the hippocampus' structure relates to variability in behavior in healthy and clinical populations. In this study, we aimed to link interindividual variability in subregional hippocampal networks (i.e., the brain grey matter networks of hippocampal subregions) to variability in behavioral phenotype. To do so, we used a multiblock multivariate approach mapping the association between grey matter volume in hippocampal subregions, grey matter volume in the whole brain regions, and behavioral variables in healthy adults. To ensure the robustness and generalizability of the findings, we implemented a cross‐cohort discovery and validation framework. This framework utilized two independent cohorts: the Human Connectome Project Young Adult (HCP‐YA) cohort and the Human Connectome Project Aging (HCP‐A) cohort, enabling us to assess the replicability and generalizability of hippocampal–brain–behavior phenotypes across different age groups in the population. Our results highlighted a left anterior hippocampal morphological network including the left amygdala and the posterior midline structures whose expression relates to higher self‐regulation, life satisfaction, and better performance at standard neuropsychological tests. The cross‐cohort generalizability of the hippocampus–brain–behavior mapping demonstrates its relevance beyond a specific population sample. Our previous work in developmental populations showed that the hippocampus' head co‐maturates with most of the brain during childhood. The current data‐driven study further suggests that grey matter volume in the left hippocampal head network would be particularly relevant for self‐regulation abilities in adults that influence a range of life outcomes. Future studies should thus investigate the factors influencing the development of this morphological network across childhood, as well as its relationship to neurocognitive phenotypes in various brain diseases.
Takayasu's arteritis in pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Bista Apeksha , Thapa Durga , Neupane Prawesh , Gupta Swati , Aryal Shreyashi , Sharma Jyotshna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTakayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, primarily affecting young women in their reproductive years. It can result in the narrowing and occlusion of arteries and the formation of aneurysms in arteries, especially those related to the aorta, creating significant risks during pregnancy. Women with TA are more susceptible to cardiovascular complications, including hypertension and heart failure, which can negatively affect both maternal and fetal health. This case report details a 23‐year‐old pregnant woman diagnosed with TA during the first trimester, presenting with symptoms of fainting and pulselessness in her right upper limb. Doppler imaging of the right upper limb confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment for TA was initiated alongside comprehensive antenatal care. In the third trimester, she also developed gestational hypertension. And at 36 weeks of gestation, due to placenta previa and preterm premature rupture of membranes, an emergency cesarean section was performed. Timely medical intervention resulted in a favorable outcome, with an uneventful postpartum recovery. This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and collaborative care in pregnant women with TA to ensure better outcomes for both mother and child. Understanding the clinical aspects of TA is essential for effective management and improved prognosis.