bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensics, body and state power in South Asia: Recent interventions and their importance
Authors: Singh Gagan Preet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractForensics were introduced in South Asia during the colonial rule as “scientific” practices to procure “reliable” forms of evidence. Their ostensible goal was to protect innocents and to punish wrong‐doers. In the recent decades, however, forensics have become notorious for their repressive character. Is there something wrong with forensics? Is there some problem with the practice or there is a fundamental problem in the manner in which forensics were conceptualized and introduced during the colonial rule. With a critical reading of the recent historiography of forensics, where it has been suggested that forensics had devastating impact on the lives of colonial subjects, this article explores the relationship between forensics, bodies, and state‐power. The article suggests that repression is embedded in the idea of forensics, and the history of forensics is a story of abuse, violence, and repression.
A comprehensive analysis of cytopenias and bone marrow morphology in patients with a history of bariatric and metabolic surgery
Authors: Bruehl Frido K. , Bosler David S. , Butsch W. Scott , Farkas Daniel H. , Ondrejka Sarah L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionFollowing bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS), patients may develop persistent cytopenia(s) despite adequate micronutrient levels. A comprehensive analysis of laboratory and hematopathologic findings in BMS patients with unexplained cytopenia(s) has not been previously described.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical and laboratory data, bone marrow histology, and used ancillary testing to characterize patients with a history of BMS who had subsequent bone marrow biopsies due to unexplained cytopenia(s).ResultsAll patients had anemia and 59% (23/39) had additional cytopenias. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and clonal cytopenia of unknown significance (CCUS) were diagnosed in 8% (3/39) and 10% (4/39), respectively. Remaining cases were classified as idiopathic cytopenia of unknown significance (ICUS) with anemia alone (ICUS‐A) in 47% (15/32) or multiple cytopenias (ICUS‐PAN) in 53% (17/32). Time since surgery, age, or amount of weight loss was not associated with a specific diagnosis. No patient was vitamin B12 or folate deficient. However, vitamin B6 and zinc were decreased in 47% (5/11) and 29% (9/29), respectively. Examination of bone marrow aspirates revealed slight erythroid dyspoiesis affecting <10% of precursors in 60% (9/15) ICUS‐A and 59% (10/17) ICUS‐PAN.ConclusionBone marrow findings in patients with unexplained cytopenia(s) after BMS are not specific in the majority of cases, and caution is advised when interpreting dyserythropoiesis. Levels of micronutrients and vitamins other than iron, folate and vitamin B12 are frequently disturbed in this patient cohort and warrant correction and close clinical follow‐up.
Subcutaneous ertapenem delivered by an Australian outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy service: a retrospective comparative efficacy study
Authors: Hiew Jonathan , Whitmore Timothy , McEvoy Mahalia , Weatherall Deborah , Ingram Paul R. , Manning Laurens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubcutaneous (SC) administration of ertapenem in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) services may be a practical alternative to intravenous delivery for complicated infections. The clinical features and outcomes according to route of administration were compared from a large Australian OPAT service. Chronic renal impairment was more common in the SC group, reflecting an opportunity for route of administration as a vein preservation strategy. Adverse events were uncommon and successful outcomes were not different between the groups.
Comprehensive landscape and interference of clonal haematopoiesis mutations for liquid biopsy: A Chinese pan‐cancer cohort
Authors: Xu Enwu , Su Kai , Zhou Yang , Gong Longlong , Xuan Yiwen , Liao Ming , Cao Jiawang , Li Yaqian , Lu Yujiao , Zhao Yi , Chen Fengxia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTumour‐derived DNA found in the plasma of cancer patients provides the probability to detect somatic mutations from circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma samples. However, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations affect the accuracy of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we integrated landscape of CH mutations in 11,725 pan‐cancer patients of Chinese and explored effects of CH on liquid biopsies in real‐world. We first identified 5933 CHs based on panel sequencing of matched DNA of white blood cell and cfDNA on 301 genes for 5100 patients, in which CH number of patients had positive correlation with their diagnosis age. We observed that canonical genes related to CH, including DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, ATM, CHEK2 and SF3B1, were dominant in the Chinese cohort and 13.29% of CH mutations only appeared in the Chinese cohort compared with the Western cohort. Analysis of CH gene distribution bias indicated that CH tended to appear in genes with functions of tyrosine kinase regulation, PI3K‐Akt signalling and TP53 activity, suggesting unfavourable effects of CH mutations in cancer patients. We further confirmed effect of driver genes carried by CH on somatic mutations in liquid biopsy of cancer patients. Forty‐eight actionable somatic mutations in 17 driver genes were considered CH genes in 92 patients (1.80%) of the Chinese cohort, implying potential impacts of CH on clinical decision‐making. Taken together, this study exhibits strong evidence that gene mutations from CH interfere accuracy of liquid biopsies using cfDNA in cancer diagnosis and treatment in real‐world.
The effectiveness of long Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser alone for treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars versus its combination with bleomycin
Authors: Ramadan Heba , Saber Mahmoud , Salah Manal , Samy Nevien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesPathological scars are benign hyper‐proliferative growths of dermal collagen that causes severe psychological and physical problems. This study was performed to assess and compare safety and clinical efficiency of combined pulsed Nd‐YAG laser and intralesional bleomycin versus pulsed Nd‐YAG laser alone to treat the hypertrophic scars and keloids.Patients and methodsRandomly, 40 patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids were divided into two groups A and B. Group A were handled by pulsed Nd:YAG laser and intralesional bleomycin while group B were handled by pulsed Nd:YAG laser only. Response was assessed subjectively by clinical imaging and modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS). While for objective evaluation, skin biopsies were taken from volunteer patients before and after treatment, and were examined by Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and Masson trichrome staining.ResultsOur study demonstrated almost complete improvement in 4 (20%) patients, partial improvement in 16 (80%) patients and 0 patient with no improvement in group A. Furthermore, in group B, we demonstrated almost complete improvement in 2 (10%) patients, partial in 14 (70%) patients and no improvement in 4 (20%) patients. Modified Vancouver Scar Scale reduced from 10.15 to 3.5 in group A and from 11.05 to 4.95 in group B. Elastica Masson‐Goldner staining and Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that treatment in both groups structurally changed tissue collagen.ConclusionLong‐pulsed Nd‐YAG laser combined with intralesional bleomycin could be a promising way for treatment of keloids or hypertrophic scars.
Alexithymia in diabetes patients: its relationship with perceived social support and glycaemic control
Authors: Celik Selda , Taskin Yilmaz Feride , Yurtsever Celik Sultan , Anataca Gulden , Bulbul Elif 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAim and ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess whether there is an association between alexithymia in patients with diabetes and the levels of perceived social support and glycaemic control.BackgroundIn the literature, whether inadequate perceived social support is a cause or effect of alexithymia has also not been clearly explained. It is stated that it is difficult to determine from where these contradictions arise, and there is a need for more studies on this topic.MethodThis cross‐sectional and correlational study included 537 patients with type I and type 2 diabetes. The data were collected using a Patient Information Form including the patient's HbA1c value that reflected their glycaemic control level, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The study was reported according to the STROBE Declaration.ResultsAmong the patients with diabetes, 63.9% showed signs of alexithymia. Alexithymia had a negative relationship with perceived social support and a positive relationship with HbA1c. Additionally, it was determined that the patients who showed signs of alexithymia had lower levels of perceived social support in comparison with those who did not show such signs, whereas the HbA1c levels of the former were also higher than those of the latter. Moreover, it was found that the duration of the disease, HbA1c levels and levels of perceived social support from family and a significant other explained 30% of the total variance in the level of alexithymia.ConclusionAlexithymia was seen prevalently among the patients with diabetes, and it was associated with a reduced level of perceived social support and weak glycaemic control.Relevance to clinical practice: It is recommended to provide patients with psychosocial support in the scope of holistic care and include the individuals who provide care for and support the patient in the patient's management of the disease.
Associations between tactile intimacy and sleep quality in healthy adults: A systematic review
Authors: Dueren Anna L. , Perach Rotem , Banissy Jasmine F. M. , Bowling Natalie C. , Gregory Alice M. , Banissy Michael J. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPrior research suggests that different types of touch can affect sleep, but whether there is a consistent association between tactile intimacy and sleep quality is unclear. Here, we report a pre‐registered systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO], CRD42020158683) of studies examining the association between tactile intimacy and sleep quality in healthy adults. The databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE were searched on August 7, 2020. A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised qualitatively. Most commonly, articles researched sexual intimacy in relation to sleep quality, but some studies also investigated non‐sexual affective touch and emotionally neutral touch. Some evidence for a connection between sexual function, sexual satisfaction and masturbation with sleep quality was found; however, no evidence for an association between sexual frequency or sexual positions and sleep was found. Interestingly, studies employing more subjective approaches were more likely to report an association between touch and sleep, potentially highlighting a discrepancy between self‐reported and the objectively measurable association between touch and sleep.
Do self‐ratings of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index reflect actigraphy recordings of sleep quality or variability? An exploratory study of bipolar disorders versus healthy controls
Authors: Etain Bruno , Krane‐Gartiser Karoline , Hennion Vincent , Meyrel Manon , Scott Jan 
Published: October 2021

SummarySleep disturbances are typical symptoms of acute episodes of bipolar disorder (BD) and differentiate euthymic BD cases from healthy controls (HC). Researchers often employ objective recordings to evaluate sleep patterns, such as actigraphy, whilst clinicians often use subjective ratings, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). As evidence suggests the measures may disagree, we decided to compare subjective (PSQI) and objective (3 weeks of actigraphy) sleep profiles in BD cases and HC (n = 154). We examined whether a dimensional approach helps to illustrate different patterns of sleep disturbances and whether the concordance between subjective and objective recordings varies according to clinical status (BD versus HC). Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted two factors from the PSQI, and separate PCAs of actigraphy recordings extracted two factors for mean values of sleep parameters and one factor for intra‐individual variability. Correlational and linear regression analyses of PCA‐derived dimensions demonstrated that, in both BD and HC, a PSQI “Sleep duration‐efficiency” factor was significantly correlated with an actigraphy “Sleep initiation‐duration” factor. Furthermore, in BD cases only, the PSQI total score and a PSQI “Sleep Impairments” factor were each significantly correlated with an actigraphy “Sleep Variability” factor. Overall, we found that subjective experiences of sleep may be modulated by different components of objectively recorded sleep in BD compared with HC. Also, the use of PCA enabled us to consider the multi‐dimensional nature of subjective sleep, whilst the inclusion of intra‐individual sleep variability afforded a more subtle evaluation of objective sleep.
Outcomes of adjunctive radiation therapy for the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs and assessment of toxicity: A multicenter observational study of 300 dogs
Authors: Mason Sarah L. , Pittaway Charles , Gil Begona Pons , Russak Onne‐Marju , Westlake Katie , Berlato Davide , Benoit Jérôme , Morris Joanna , Dobson Jane Margaret 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadiation therapy is commonly used as an adjunct to incomplete surgical excision in dogs with mast cell tumors (MCT), but the optimal dose and fractionation regimen have yet to be determined.HypothesisWe assessed outcomes (time to local recurrence, patient survival and toxicity) of a large population of dogs with MCT that received adjunctive radiation therapy.AnimalsThree hundred dogs with 302 MCT treated using adjunctive radiation therapy.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Clinical records of 4 veterinary radiation centers were reviewed.ResultsLocal recurrence rates were similar regardless of radiation protocol with 6.6% of patients developing recurrent cutaneous MCT at a median of 526 days. Local recurrence rate was similar between high and low‐risk MCT. Mast cell tumor related death was reported in 19% of all dogs, with 13% of dogs with low‐risk MCT dying of their disease compared to 29% of dogs with high‐risk MCT. No SC MCT (SCMCT) recurred after radiation therapy and only 7% of dogs with SCMCT were reported to have died of their disease. Mild late toxicity was common in both protocols and severe late toxicity occurred in 1.9% of dogs many years after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur study supports the use of adjunctive radiation for the long‐term control of incompletely or narrowly excised cutaneous and SCMCT in dogs. More moderate dose and fractionation protocols may be appropriate in the adjunctive treatment of low‐risk MCT in dogs. Large multicenter prospective studies are required to establish the optimal dose and fractionation for MCT of different risk categories.
Cooling rates and impact histories of group IAB and other IAB complex iron meteorites inferred from zoned taenite and the cloudy zone
Authors: Goldstein Joseph I. , Scott Edward R. D. , Winfield Timothy B. , Yang Jijin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetallographic cooling rates of 10–20 K Myr−1 were obtained for four IAB iron meteorites from electron probe analyses of taenite and models simulating kamacite growth. Cooling rates were also determined for 21 irons in the IAB complex from the size of tetrataenite particles in the cloudy zone and a calibration curve using data for the four IAB irons and five other iron and stony iron groups. We find that the closely related IAB main group, low‐Au subgroups, Pitts grouplet irons, and San Cristobal cooled through 500 °C at 10–35 K Myr−1. The ungrouped IAB complex irons, Santa Catharina and Twin City, have bulk Ni contents of ~30 wt% and cooled much faster at ~200–1000 K Myr−1, most probably in a different parent body. Our cooling rates and observations allow conflicting interpretations of the nature of the low‐Ni phase in the cloudy zone to be reconciled. We infer that in fast cooled irons like Santa Catharina, the low‐Ni phase transforms to antitaenite, but in very slowly cooled meteorites like mesosiderites, martensite forms instead. In meteorites with intermediate cooling rates like IAB irons, the bulk of the cloudy zone probably contains antitaenite as the low‐Ni phase, but in the coarse region next to tetrataenite, martensite is present. Published isotopic ages show that metal–silicate mixing in group IAB irons occurred ~5–10 Myr after CAI formation, but the nature and timing of the impact are poorly constrained at present. Ar‐Ar ages testify to shock reheating of plagioclase during cooling over ~100 Myr. However, the cloudy zone is well preserved showing that metal was not heated significantly by shocks after slow cooling through 400 °C.
High adherence and its influencing factors on multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs)
Authors: Liu Rong , Ye Ruixue , Leng Fangqun , Sun Chang , Wang Qingzhi , Zhou Huan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdherence to home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) is an essential indicator of effective implementation of MNP programmes. A meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the high adherence rate (HAR) to MNPs and further investigate the factors that influence HAR. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE (OVID), Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and VP, from the date of database inception to 9 November 2020. We included peer‐reviewed observational studies that investigated adherence to MNPs. Data on the HAR to MNPs and influencing factors on HAR were extracted and then pooled together. A total of 10 studies were included. The pooled HAR to MNPs was 63.28% (51.12%–74.64%). Among HARs, rates were higher in middle‐income countries (65.21%) than low‐income countries (55.23%). Parental age over 30 years (maternal age OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08–1.44; paternal age OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.32), children aged 18–36 months (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12–1.88), maternal educational attainment of college or above (OR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.10–1.73), caregiver with the perception that other mothers use MNPs (OR = 1.52, 95% CI:1.19–1.95), caregiver being aware of the importance of iron (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18–1.71), caregiver having correct knowledge of MNPs (OR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.19–1.57) and caregiver reporting children have no side effects from MNPs (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 2.46–3.11) were contributing factors to high adherence to MNPs. The overall HAR to MNPs was relatively low; hence, effective and trusted communication channels need to be established, along with more thorough dissemination of the knowledge of MNPs to caregivers, to improve MNPs adherence rates, especially in low‐income countries.
A bioinformatic platform to integrate target capture and whole genome sequences of various read depths for phylogenomics
Authors: G. Ribeiro Pedro , Torres Jiménez María Fernanda , Andermann Tobias , Antonelli Alexandre , Bacon Christine D. , Matos‐Maraví Pável 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increasing availability of short‐read whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides unprecedented opportunities to study ecological and evolutionary processes. Although loci of interest can be extracted from WGS data and combined with target sequence data, this requires suitable bioinformatic workflows. Here, we test different assembly and locus extraction strategies and implement them into secapr, a pipeline that processes short‐read data into multilocus alignments for phylogenetics and molecular ecology analyses. We integrate the processing of data from low‐coverage WGS (<30×) and target sequence capture into a flexible framework, while optimizing de novo contig assembly and loci extraction. Specifically, we test different assembly strategies by contrasting their ability to recover loci from targeted butterfly protein‐coding genes, using four data sets: a WGS data set across different average coverages (10×, 5× and 2×) and a data set for which these loci were enriched prior to sequencing via target sequence capture. Using the resulting de novo contigs, we account for potential errors within contigs and infer phylogenetic trees to evaluate the ability of each assembly strategy to recover species relationships. We demonstrate that choosing multiple sizes of kmer simultaneously for assembly results in the highest yield of extracted loci from de novo assembled contigs, while data sets derived from sequencing read depths as low as 5× recovers the expected species relationships in phylogenetic trees. By making the tested assembly approaches available in the secapr pipeline, we hope to inspire future studies to incorporate complementary data and make an informed choice on the optimal assembly strategy.
Act‐type theories of propositions
Authors: Hodgson Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany philosophers believe in things, propositions, which are the things that we believe, assert etc., and which are the contents of sentences. The act‐type theory of propositions is an attempt to say what propositions are, to explain how we stand in relations to them, and to explain why they are true or false. The core idea of the act‐type theory is that propositions are types of acts of predication. The theory is developed in various ways to offer explanations of the important properties of propositions. I present the core idea of the theory, and some developments of it. I discuss the relationship between the theory and the content–force distinction. I also present an important type of objection that has been raised to the explanations offered by the act‐type theory.
A community engagement strategy to sustain safe drinking water in Guatemala
Authors: Holt Brooks N. , Larson Kim L. , Melendez Carlos R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to examine a community engagement (CE) strategy, defined as a monetary contribution, on water filter usageDesignA natural, quasi‐experimental study was conducted in Guatemala following the distribution of water filters. Households in the 2014–2015 group (free water filter) were compared with households in the 2018–2019 group (CE strategy: US$5.50 for water filter)SampleOne‐year post‐distribution, the comparison group (n = 56) and intervention group (n = 38) completed a survey on family health and water filter useResultsHouseholds in the CE group had almost five times higher odds (OR = 4.7, p = .022) of having a working water filter 1 year later. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, the single best predictor to explain working water filters was the CE strategyConclusionsCE strategies that support ownership and dignity might sustain public health initiatives, in conjunction with collaborative international partnerships. Future research could include linking villages with local and international organizations that support safe drinking water initiatives.