bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis to investigate the changes driven by N-Acetylcysteine in the plant-pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
Authors: Picchi Simone Cristina , de Souza e Silva Mariana , Saldanha Luiz Leonardo , Ferreira Henrique , Takita Marco Aurélio , Caldana Camila , de Souza Alessandra Alves 
Published: July 2021

AbstractN-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, anti-adhesive, and antimicrobial compound. Even though there is much information regarding the role of NAC as an antioxidant and anti-adhesive agent, little is known about its antimicrobial activity. In order to assess its mode of action in bacterial cells, we investigated the metabolic responses triggered by NAC at neutral pH. As a model organism, we chose the Gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker disease, due to the potential use of NAC as a sustainable molecule against phytopathogens dissemination in citrus cultivated areas. In presence of NAC, cell proliferation was affected after 4 h, but damages to the cell membrane were observed only after 24 h. Targeted metabolite profiling analysis using GC–MS/TOF unravelled that NAC seems to be metabolized by the cells affecting cysteine metabolism. Intriguingly, glutamine, a marker for nitrogen status, was not detected among the cells treated with NAC. The absence of glutamine was followed by a decrease in the levels of the majority of the proteinogenic amino acids, suggesting that the reduced availability of amino acids affect protein synthesis and consequently cell proliferation.
Quantum algorithm for MMNG-based DBSCAN
Authors: Xie Xuming , Duan Longzhen , Qiu Taorong , Li Junru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDBSCAN is a famous density-based clustering algorithm that can discover clusters with arbitrary shapes without the minimal requirements of domain knowledge to determine the input parameters. However, DBSCAN is not suitable for databases with different local-density clusters and is also a very time-consuming clustering algorithm. In this paper, we present a quantum mutual MinPts-nearest neighbor graph (MMNG)-based DBSCAN algorithm. The proposed algorithm performs better on databases with different local-density clusters. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has a dramatic increase in speed compared to its classic counterpart.
The food patterns of a multicenter cohort of Brazilian nulliparous pregnant women
Authors: Miele Maria J. , Souza Renato T. , Calderon Iracema M. , Feitosa Francisco E. , Leite Débora F. , Rocha Filho Edilberto A. , Vettorazzi Janete , Mayrink Jussara , Fernandes Karayna G. , Vieira Matias C. , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Cecatti José G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessment of human nutrition is a complex process, in pregnant women identify dietary patterns through mean nutrient consumption can be an opportunity to better educate women on how to improve their overall health through better eating. This exploratory study aimed to identify a posteriori dietary patterns in a cohort of nulliparous pregnant women. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique was performed, with Varimax orthogonal rotation of data extracted from the 24-h dietary recall, applied at 20 weeks of gestation. We analysed 1.145 dietary recalls, identifying five main components that explained 81% of the dietary pattern of the sample. Dietary patterns found were: Obesogenic, represented by ultra-processed foods, processed foods, and food groups rich in carbohydrates, fats and sugars; Traditional, most influenced by natural, minimally processed foods, groups of animal proteins and beans; Intermediate was similar to the obesogenic, although there were lower loads; Vegetarian, which was the only good representation of fruits, vegetables and dairy products; and Protein, which best represented the groups of proteins (animal and vegetable). The obesogenic and intermediate patterns represented over 37% of the variation in food consumption highlighting the opportunity to improve maternal health especially for women at first mothering.
Nuclear receptor Nur77: its role in chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Lith Sanne C. , de Vries Carlie J.M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNur77 is a nuclear receptor that has been implicated as a regulator of inflammatory disease. The expression of Nur77 increases upon stimulation of immune cells and is differentially expressed in chronically inflamed organs in human and experimental models. Furthermore, in a variety of animal models dedicated to study inflammatory diseases, changes in Nur77 expression alter disease outcome. The available studies comprise a wealth of information on the function of Nur77 in diverse cell types and tissues. Negative cross-talk of Nur77 with the NFκB signaling complex is an example of Nur77 effector function. An alternative mechanism of action has been established, involving Nur77-mediated modulation of metabolism in macrophages as well as in T cells. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the role of Nur77 in atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. Detailed insight in the control of inflammatory responses will be essential in order to advance Nur77-targeted therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disease.
A reliable and energy efficient dual prediction data reduction approach for WSNs based on Kalman filter
Authors: Wang Haibin , Yemeni Zaid , Ismael Waleed M. , Hawbani Ammar , Alsamhi Saeed H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are critically resource‐constrained due to wireless sensor nodes' tiny memory, low processing units, power limitations, and narrow communication bandwidth. The data reduction technique is one of the most widely used techniques to reduce transmitted data over the wireless sensor networks and to minimize the sensor nodes' energy consumption, particularly, the entire network in general. This paper proposes a reliable dual prediction data reduction approach for WSNs. This approach performs data reduction through two phases: the data reduction phase (DRP) and data prediction phase (DPP). The DRP is mainly to decrease the number of transmissions between the sensor node and the sink node, thereby minimizing energy consumption. It also detects faulty data and discards them at the sensor node. The discarded faulty data at the sensor nodes are replaced by estimated values at the sink node to maintain data reliability. DPP runs at the sink node or base station, which works in synchronization with the sensor nodes. This phase is responsible for predicting the non‐transmitted data based on the Kalman filter. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient and effective in data reduction, data reliability, and energy consumption.
The nature of hyperluminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Gao F. , Wang L. , Efstathiou A. , Małek K. , Best P. N. , Bonato M. , Farrah D. , Kondapally R. , McCheyne I. , Röttgering H. J. A. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HLIRGs) are shown to have been more abundant in early epochs. The small samples used in earlier studies are not sufficient to draw robust statistical conclusions regarding the physical properties and the power sources of these extreme infrared (IR) bright galaxies.
Aims. We make use of multi-wavelength data of a large HLIRG sample to derive the main physical properties, such as stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), volume density, and the contribution to the cosmic stellar mass density and the cosmic SFR density. We also study the black hole (BH) growth rate and its relationship with the SFR of the host galaxy.
Methods. We selected 526 HLIRGs in three deep fields (Boötes, Lockman-Hole, and ELAIS-N1) and adopted two spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes: CIGALE, which assumes energy balance, and CYGNUS, which is based on radiative transfer models and does not adopt an energy balance principle. We used two different active galactic nucleus (AGN) models in CIGALE and three AGN models in CYGNUS to compare results that were estimated using different SED fitting codes and a range of AGN models.
Results. The stellar mass, total IR luminosity, and AGN luminosity agree well among different models, with a typical median offset of 0.1 dex. The SFR estimates show the largest dispersions (up to 0.5 dex). This dispersion has an impact on the subsequent analysis, which may suggest that the previous contradictory results could partly have been due to the different choices in methods. HLIRGs are ultra-massive galaxies, with 99% of them having stellar masses larger than 1011 M⊙. Our results reveal a higher space density of ultra-massive galaxies than what was found by previous surveys or predicted via simulations. We find that HLIRGs contribute more to the cosmic SFR density as redshift increases. In terms of BH growth, the two SED fitting methods provide different results. We can see a clear trend in whereby SFR decreases as AGN luminosity increases when using CYGNUS estimates. This may possibly imply quenching by AGN in this case, whereas this trend is much weaker when using CIGALE estimates. This difference is also influenced by the dispersion between SFR estimates obtained by the two codes.
Cardiac Surgery 2020 Reviewed
Authors: Doenst Torsten , Caldonazo Tulio , Schneider Ulrich , Moschovas Alexandros , Tkebuchava Sophie , Safarov Rauf , Diab Mahmoud , Färber Gloria , Kirov Hristo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2020, nearly 30,000 published references appeared in the PubMed for the search term “cardiac surgery.” While SARS-CoV-2 affected the number of surgical procedures, it did not affect outcomes reporting. Using the PRISMA approach, we selected relevant publications and prepared a results-oriented summary. We reviewed primarily the fields of coronary and conventional valve surgery and their overlap with interventional alternatives. The coronary field started with a discussion on trial data value and their interpretation. Registry comparisons of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention confirmed outcomes for severe coronary artery disease and advanced comorbidities with CABG. Multiple arterial grafting was best. In aortic valve surgery, meta-analyses of randomized trials report that transcatheter aortic valve implantation may provide a short-term advantage but long-term survival may be better with classic aortic valve replacement (AVR). Minimally invasive AVR and decellularized homografts emerged as hopeful techniques. In mitral and tricuspid valve surgery, excellent perioperative and long-term outcomes were presented for structural mitral regurgitation. For both, coronary and valve surgery, outcomes are strongly dependent on surgeon expertise. Kidney disease increases perioperative risk, but does not limit the surgical treatment effect. Finally, a cursory look is thrown on aortic, transplant, and assist-device surgery with a glimpse into the current stand of xenotransplantation. As in recent years, this article summarizes publications perceived as important by us. It does not expect to be complete and cannot be free of individual interpretation. We aimed to provide up-to-date information for decision-making and patient information.
Biomechanical Analysis of Ideal Knee Flexion Angle for ACL Graft Tensioning Utilizing Multiple Femoral and Tibial Tunnel Locations
Authors: Hammarstedt Jon E. , Guth J. Jared , Schimoler Patrick J. , Kharlamov Alexander , Miller Mark C. , Akhavan Sam , Demeo Patrick J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure rate has been reported to be greater than 5% at 5 years. Our study evaluated ACL excursion with anatomic and nonanatomic femoral and tibial tunnels to determine optimal flexion angle to tension the ACL to minimize excursion. Ten cadaveric knee specimens were used. The ACL was sectioned and the femoral and tibial attachments were marked. A 1/16-inch drill created a tunnel in the center of the ACL footprint on the tibia and femur and additional tunnels were made 5 mm from this. A suture was passed through each tunnel combination and attached to a string potentiometer. The knee was ranged from full extension to 120 degrees of flexion for 10 cycles while mounted in a custom fixture. The change in length (excursion) of the suture during movement was recorded for each combination of femoral and tibial tunnels. Anatomic reconstruction of the ACL with tunnel placement in the center of the femoral and tibial footprint did not result in an isometric graft, with excursion of the ACL during knee motion of 7.46 mm (standard deviation [SD]: 2.7mm), greatest at 2.84 degrees of flexion (SD: 4.22). The tunnel combination that resulted in the least excursion was a femoral footprint 5 mm anterior to the femoral and 5 mm posterior to the tibial footprint (4. 2mm, SD: 1.37 mm). The tunnel combination that resulted in the most excursion utilized femoral footprint 5 mm proximal to the femoral and 5 mm posterior to the tibial footprint (9.81 mm, SD: 2.68 mm). Anatomic ACL reconstruction results in significant excursion of the ACL throughout motion. If not tensioned properly, the ACL can stretch during range of motion, potentially leading to rerupture. To prevent stretching of the graft, the current biomechanical study recommends tensioning an anatomic ACL reconstruction at its point of maximal excursion, or between 0 and 5 degrees of flexion. The level of evidence is IV.
Meat Hook Injury Leading to Brain Abscess: A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Dhall Gagan , Patel Mehool , Mulla Mazharkhan , More Nilesh , Shah Amit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransorbital orbitofrontal penetrating injury by a nonmissile object is uncommon. The presentation of this injury varies. This injury can be easily missed during the initial clinical presentation, because the foreign body is sometimes not visible on local examination, the wound on the orbital skin is small, and very subtle signs are present. The patient can present with delayed complications of the primary injury. Our patient was a 33-year-old male who presented with an orbitofrontal injury with a meat hook. He had minor symptoms at the time of presentation, which were overlooked. Three weeks later, he developed signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Brain imaging revealed a peripheral rim of contrast-enhancing mass lesion in the right frontal lobe, extending into the right orbit with perilesional edema suggestive of posttraumatic brain abscess. Via right frontal craniotomy, pus was drained out and abscess wall was excised. The patient made good clinical recovery. A higher index of suspicion and sound knowledge of occult penetrating injury patterns is required in the cases of orbital injuries. Appropriate radiological imaging can lead to an earlier and accurate diagnosis, and can prevent its delayed sequela like brain abscess.
Thermography in ocular inflammation
Authors: Kawali Ankush A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ocular inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions using commercially available thermal camera. Materials and Methods: A non-contact thermographic camera (FLIR P 620) was used to take thermal pictures of seven cases of ocular inflammation, two cases of non-inflammatory ocular pathology, and one healthy subject with mild refractive error only. Ocular inflammatory cases included five cases of scleritis, one case of postoperative anterior uveitis, and a case of meibomian gland dysfunction with keratitis (MGD-keratitis). Non-inflammatory conditions included a case of conjunctival benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (BRLH) and a case of central serous chorio-retinopathy. Thermal and non-thermal photographs were taken, and using analyzing software, the ocular surface temperature was calculated. Results: Patient with fresh episode of scleritis revealed high temperature. Eyes with MGD-keratitis depicted lower temperature in clinically more affected eye. Conjunctival BRLH showed a cold lesion on thermography at the site of involvement, in contrast to cases of scleritis with similar clinical presentation. Conclusion: Ocular thermal imaging is an underutilized diagnostic tool which can be used to distinguish inflammatory ocular conditions from non-inflammatory conditions. It can also be utilized in the evaluation of tear film in dry eye syndrome. Its applications should be further explored in uveitis and other ocular disorders. Dedicated "ocular thermographic" camera is today′s need of the hour.
Na compound fertiliser improves growth performance, drought resistance, and water-saving efficiency of the succulent xerophyte
Authors: Kang Jian-jun , Yu Jian-long , Zhang Jin-lin , Xu Jian-hua , Wang Suo-min 
Published: July 2021

For Haloxylon ammodendron – a typical succulent xerophyte that accumulates Na+ to resist drought stress– the use of a Na-compound fertiliser (NaCF) at small scales could increase drought resistance. In this study we compared the effects of NaCF, NP (with N and P contents the same as in NaCF), diammonium phosphate (DP), and a control (C) on growth of H. ammodendron in the Alashan Desert regions of China. Results indicated that NaCF significantly increased plant height (PH) by 56, 27 and 12%, main root length (MRL) by 72, 60 and 45%, dry weight (DW) of whole plant by 291, 124 and 89%over the C, NP and DP treatments respectively in the nursery. NaCF also significantly improved drought resistance of H. ammodendron in large-scale desert afforestation, where it increased PH by 4.6 and 1.8 cm plant–1, main root length (MRL) by 4.5 and 4.1 cm plant–1, and DW by 17.9 and 15.9 g plant–1 compared with the C and DP treatments respectively. Furthermore, compared with the seedlings treated with DP in the nursery and in the desert afforestation, seedlings treated with NaCF resulted in water saving potentials of 50 and 33% respectively. These findings indicate that NaCF could be beneficial if widely applied in eco-restoration of the degraded vegetations in desert regions of China.
Adverbs in the Austronesian languages of Taiwan
Authors: Li Paul Jen-kuei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This is a study of adverbs in nine typologically divergent Austronesian languages of Taiwan, Atayal, Bunun,
Favorlang, Kavalan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiyat, Thao, and Tsou. There are only a few adverbs in each of these languages. The form of
an adverb is usually invariant and its position in a sentence is relatively free. On the contrary, the form of a verb usually
varies and its position in the sentence is usually fixed. Since the function of an adverb is to modify a verb, it may not occur
without a verb in a sentence, whereas a true verb may occur without any other verb. Many adverbial concepts in Chinese and
English, such as ‘all’, ‘only’, ‘often’, and ‘again’, are expressed using verbs that manifest different foci and take aspect
markers. When these words function as the main verb in the sentence, they may attract bound personal pronouns in many Austronesian
languages of Taiwan. However, there are a few genuine adverbs in each of these languages. It varies from language to language
whether a certain lexical item functions as a verb or adverb.
Cattle tick control in Africa: potential of ethnoveterinary plants
Authors: Mvumi Brighton M. , Nyahangare Emmanuel T. , Eloff Jacobus N. , Belmain Steven R. , Stevenson Philip C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cattle are a livelihood asset to smallholder farmers in Africa yet remain threatened by the effects of ticks and tick-borne diseases during production because they cause morbidity and premature death. The use of indigenous plants in tick control is a worldwide practice spanning thousands of years. Changes in the agricultural and socio–cultural landscape over time have, however, led to neglect of indigenous pesticidal plants in favour of synthetic products. The benefits of synthetic acaricides are well-recognized, but emerging observation indicates that they cannot solve all livestock health problems across production systems, farmer circumstances and agro-ecologies. Concerns associated with commercial acaricides have revived research interest in alternative or complementary remedies. Past research has focused on documenting ethnoveterinary practices, scientific validation of the practices and optimization of these practices. Here, we review the challenges of synthetic acaricides and progress made in ethnoveterinary plant research and development in Africa. The review highlights challenges of access, affordability and availability of commercial acaricides to resource-poor communities; synthetic acaricide resistance development; disposal of obsolete acaricides and environmental pollution; reduced water supply and implications on conventional use of acaricide-treated dipping facilities; and plant bioprospecting and downstream development of products in Africa. This information contributes towards shaping the ethnoveterinary plant research agenda and policy, and investment interventions in Africa.
Return to play protocols for musculoskeletal upper and lower limb injuries in tackle‐collision team sports: A systematic review
Authors: Geldenhuys A. Grethe , Burgess Theresa , Roche Stephen , Hendricks Sharief 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAthletes in tackle‐collision teams are at high risk of musculoskeletal injuries resulting in absence from play due to the high impact nature of the sport. There is a paucity of research to guide the management and assessment methods needed to facilitate the return to play (RTP) process. This review aimed to describe, synthesise and evaluate RTP protocols implemented for musculoskeletal injuries in tackle‐collision teams. A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Ebsco Host was conducted for RTP management protocols and assessment modalities following upper and lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in tackle‐collision team athletes. Prospective and retrospective quantitative controlled trials, cohort, case–control, case‐series and cross‐sectional observation studies published between January 2000 and March 2020 were considered. The main outcome measures were the proportion of athletes to RTP, associated time‐loss and reinjury risk. 5265 articles were screened. 34 studies met the eligibility criteria of which 23 involved management and 11 assessment modalities. Management involved surgical or conservative strategies along with exercise‐based rehabilitation. Assessment modalities included radiographic assessment, clinical evaluation and subjective ratings. Promising RTP management included progressive weight‐bearing and exercised‐based rehabilitation for ankle sprains as well as surgery, the use of a sling and exercise‐based rehabilitation for shoulder instability. MRI scans showed promise in predicting time‐loss following hamstring and calf strains in tackle‐collision athletes. There are currently no clear guidelines for RTP after musculoskeletal injuries in tackle‐collision sports. Future research should investigate efficient management strategies evaluated through valid and reliable assessment methods to better guide clinicians.