bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNAi‐mediated stable silencing of TaCSN5 confers broad‐spectrum resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Bai Xingxuan , Huang Xueling , Tian Shuxin , Peng Huan , Zhan Gangming , Goher Farhan , Guo Jia , Kang Zhensheng , Guo Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is a versatile regulator of plant growth, development, and response to diverse pathogens. However, little research has been done to understand the function of those CSN genes in broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens. In this study, we found that the transcript levels of wheat TaCSN5 were induced in response to inoculation with Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and treatment with salicylic acid (SA). Overexpression of TaCSN5 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection accompanied by down‐regulation of AtPR1 expression. Overexpression of TaCSN5 in wheat lines significantly increased susceptibility to Pst accompanied by decreased SA accumulation, whereas TaCSN5‐RNAi wheat lines exhibited opposite trends. Moreover, we found that TaCSN5 negatively regulated TaG3NPR1 genes involved in the SA signalling pathway. In addition, TaCSN5‐RNAi lines showed increased resistance to multiple races of Pst. Taken together, we demonstrate that TaCSN5 contributes to negative regulation of wheat resistance to Pst in an SA‐dependent manner.
Spatiotemporal patterns of intracellular Ca2+ signalling govern hypo‐osmotic stress resilience in marine diatoms
Authors: Helliwell Katherine E. , Kleiner Friedrich H. , Hardstaff Hayley , Chrachri Abdul , Gaikwad Trupti , Salmon Deborah , Smirnoff Nicholas , Wheeler Glen L. , Brownlee Colin 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Diatoms are globally important phytoplankton that dominate coastal and polar‐ice assemblages. These environments exhibit substantial changes in salinity over dynamic spatiotemporal regimes. Rapid sensory systems are vital to mitigate the harmful consequences of osmotic stress. Population‐based analyses have suggested that Ca2+ signalling is involved in diatom osmotic sensing. However, mechanistic insight of the role of osmotic Ca2+ signalling is limited.

Here, we show that Phaeodactylum Ca2+ elevations are essential for surviving hypo‐osmotic shock. Moreover, employing novel single‐cell imaging techniques we have characterised real‐time Ca2+ signalling responses in single diatom cells to environmental osmotic perturbations.

We observe that intracellular spatiotemporal patterns of osmotic‐induced Ca2+ elevations encode vital information regarding the nature of the osmotic stimulus. Localised Ca2+ signals evoked by mild or gradual hypo‐osmotic shocks are propagated globally from the apical cell tips, enabling fine‐tuned cell volume regulation across the whole cell.

Finally, we demonstrate that diatoms adopt Ca2+‐independent and dependent mechanisms for osmoregulation. We find that efflux of organic osmolytes occurs in a Ca2+‐independent manner, but this response is insufficient to mitigate cell damage during hypo‐osmotic shock. By comparison, Ca2+‐dependent signalling is necessary to prevent cell bursting via precise coordination of K+ transport, and therefore is likely to underpin survival in dynamic osmotic environments.
Age‐related dental phenotypes and tooth characteristics of FAM83H‐associated hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Sriwattanapong Kanokwan , Nitayavardhana Issree , Theerapanon Thanakorn , Thaweesapphithak Sermporn , Chantarawaratit Pintu‐On , Garuyakich Rakkierti , Phokaew Chureerat , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Shotelersuk Vorasuk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesAutosomal‐dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI) shows phenotypic heterogeneity. Our aim was to characterise the ADHCAI phenotypes, tooth properties and genotypes.MethodsThree unrelated ADHCAI probands and seven additional affected members of the three families were recruited. Mutations were identified by exome and Sanger sequencing, and haplotypes by SNP array. Tooth colour, roughness, density, nanohardness, minerals and ultrastructure were investigated.ResultsTen participants were heterozygous for the FAM83H mutation c.1387C>T (p.Gln463*). All shared a 3.43 Mbp region on chromosome 8q24.3 encompassing the FAM83H variant, indicating a common ancestry. The c.1387C>T was estimated to be 23.8 generations or 600 years. The FAM83H enamel had higher roughness and lower lightness, density, nanohardness, and calcium and phosphorus levels than controls. Blunted enamel rods, wide interrod spaces and disorganised dentinoenamel junctions were observed. Evaluating the patients with the same mutation and reviewing others with different mutations in FAM83H revealed that the FAM83H heterogeneous phenotypes are age‐influenced. Tooth colour and surface texture change with ageing.ConclusionsFAM83H enamel demonstrated decreased lightness, density, hardness, calcium, phosphorus and defective ultrastructure. We have identified that the phenotypic variation in FAM83H‐associated ADHCAI is age‐related. Awareness of the correlation between age and clinical features of FAM83H‐ADHCAI can help dentists make an accurate diagnosis.
The systemic inflammation response index predicts the survival of patients with clinical T1‐2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Fan , Cai Hongshi , Liao Yan , Huang Shuojin , Jiang Yaoqi , Liang Jianfeng , Xie Nan , Hou Jinsong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is an independent prognostic factor for many malignant tumors. However, the value of this factor in patients with clinical T1‐2N0 (cT1‐2N0) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still unclear.MethodsWe calculated SIRI of 235 cT1‐2N0 OSCC patients from 2013 to 2017. Multivariate cox regression analysis was applied to verify the prognostic significance of SIRI. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to analyze the overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) for cT1‐2N0 OSCC patients.ResultsAccording to the optimal cutoff point of SIRI, we divided cT1‐2N0 OSCC patients into high SIRI group (SIRI ≥ 1.3) and low SIRI group (SIRI < 1.3). SIRI was an independent prognostic indicator for OS (HR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.35–6.10; p = .006) and DSS (HR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.10–4.27; p = .025). High SIRI had a significantly poorer OS (p = .001) and DSS (p = .007) in survival analysis than the low SIRI. Moreover, the prognostic value of SIRI was significantly stronger than neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR).ConclusionsPreoperative SIRI can be regarded as a meaningful indicator for poor survival of cT1‐2N0 OSCC patients, and it is a promising tool to formulate the best individualized treatment for high‐risk patients.
The impact of community nurse‐led interventions on the need for hospital use among older adults: An integrative review
Authors: Dunn Thea , Bliss Julie , Ryrie Iain 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospital avoidance services are important for older people who risk deteriorating health and independence when in hospital. However, the evidence base for nurse‐led community services is equivocal.ObjectivesTo determine the impact of community nurse‐led interventions on the need for hospital use among older adults.MethodsThe integrative review method of Whittemore and Knafl was employed and reported in accordance with PRIMSA guidelines. Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from January 2011 to January 2019. Outcomes were coded and findings reported by outcome domain to provide an integrated, narrative synthesis.ResultsNine studies were included in the review. Whilst disparities in the evidence base persist, specialist high‐intensity, team‐based hospital‐at‐home services were significantly more likely to reduce hospital admissions than standard care. An individual case management services that incorporated self‐help education for chronic disease management also reduced hospital admissions. Financial data suggest that whilst high‐intensity services are costly, they can lead to significant efficiency savings in the longer‐term.ConclusionThis topic remains an important area for further investment, managerial support and research because of the risks faced by older people when admitted to hospital, for whom health, quality of life and independence are vital considerations.Implications for practiceThe provision of high‐intensity team‐based services and self‐help education can optimise health outcomes and reduce the need for hospital use among older adults living in the community.
Ectodermal dysplasia with congenital adermatoglyphia (Basan syndrome): Report of two cases presenting with extensive congenital milia
Authors: Nieto‐Benito Lula María , Molina‐López Irene , Feito‐Rodríguez Marta , Martínez‐González Víctor , Suárez‐Fernández Ricardo , Campos‐Dominguez Minia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBasan syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, characterized by rapidly healing congenital acral bullae, congenital milia and adermatoglyphia (lack of finger and toeprints). This type of ectodermal dysplasia has been infrequently reported in the literature. A pathogenic mutation in the SMARCAD1 gene has been demonstrated to cause this rare disorder.
Improving patient education for atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial of a caregiver handbook
Authors: LeBovidge Jennifer S. , Timmons Karol , Delano Sophia , Greco Kimberly F. , DeFreitas Frances , Chan Felice , Jeong Tiffany , Rosen Melissa , Rea Corinna , Schneider Lynda C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPatient education is important to families’ ability to manage and cope with pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated whether an educational handbook could improve AD symptoms, caregiver confidence in AD management skills, and AD‐related quality of life.MethodsCaregivers of children with AD ages 1 month to 16 years were randomly assigned to the intervention arm (handbook in addition to standard AD management) or the control arm (standard management alone). Caregivers completed self‐report outcome questionnaires prior to a clinical visit for AD and at 3‐month follow‐up.Results175 caregivers completed questionnaires at baseline and follow‐up. AD symptoms measured by the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) improved in both the handbook and control arms. However, the decrease in the mean POEM score in the handbook arm (−4.4, 95% CI [−5.8, −3.0]) did not differ from that in the control arm (−3.4, 95% CI [−4.8, −2.03]; P = .343). Change in quality of life did not differ between study arms. Among caregivers attending a new patient visit for AD, mean confidence scores (measured from 0 to 100) increased more in the handbook arm (67 [95% CI {60, 74}] to 83 [95% CI {77, 88}]) relative to the control arm (74 [95% CI {65, 82}] to 75 [95% CI {67, 83}]; P = .012). The majority of caregivers rated the handbook as helpful in managing the child's AD.ConclusionsDespite an adequate sample size, the handbook did not improve AD symptoms more than standard management alone. The handbook improved confidence in management skills for families attending new patient visits for AD.
Treatment practices in the management of scabies in infants younger than two months
Authors: Thomas Cristina , Rehmus Wingfield , Chang Aileen Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesEfficacy and safety data of scabies treatments in infants are limited. Although topical permethrin is used in the treatment of scabies in adults, it is not approved for use in infants younger than 2 months of age in many parts of the world. This study aimed to describe treatment practices in the management of scabies in infants younger than 2 months.MethodsAn online survey was developed and distributed to physicians worldwide through the Society of Pediatric Dermatology and the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance. Data collected included demographics, medication availability, experience using medications, deterrents to medication use, medication administration preferences, perceived and experienced medication side effects, and preferred treatment agent in this population.ResultsIn total, 57 physicians from seven countries responded. The majority of respondents were board‐certified in pediatric dermatology (48/57, 84.2%) and resided in the United States (44/57, 77.2%). Respondents had experience using permethrin (47/57, 82.5%) and precipitated sulfur (35/57, 61.4%) most frequently. Most (38/57, 66.7%) preferred permethrin as their treatment of choice. Among those who did not use permethrin, potential side effects (8/10, 80%) were most frequently reported as a deterrent from its use. However, only 4.3% (22/47) of those who used permethrin reported side effects, including itching, erythema, and xerosis.ConclusionsPermethrin is frequently used in the treatment of infants younger than 2 months with scabies. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that permethrin is the preferred treatment agent among sampled dermatologists for infants younger than 2 months. Few side effects were reported, and none were serious.
Net‐like superficial lymphatic malformation
Authors: Iznardo Helena , Baselga Eulalia , Mozos Anna , Szafranska Justyna , Orellana‐Fernández Ruth , Roé Esther 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe net‐like superficial lymphatic malformation (LM) is a newly described entity with distinctive clinical, dermoscopic, and histologic characteristics. Clinical picture consists of red to purplish macules with a finely reticulated pattern of vascular structures. Dermoscopy shows arborizing telangiectatic vessels. Histology is characterized by a vascular proliferation composed of thin‐walled vessels, located in the upper dermis, that stains positive with podoplanin (D2‐40). We report a new case of LM with an additional clinical feature, hypopigmented areas.
The five aspect meal model as a conceptual framework for children with a gastrostomy tube in paediatric care
Authors: Mårtensson Ulrika , Jenholt Nolbris Margaretha , Mellgren Karin , Wijk Helle , Nilsson Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer treatments may induce side effects and cause eating problems. A gastrostomy tube may be required in order to maintain and optimise the child's nutritional needs. Despite the use of a gastrostomy tube, it is important to maintain a natural and attractive mealtime for the child. The Five Aspect Meal Model is age neutral and originally designed to improve restaurant visits. Its five aspects conceptualise what is necessary to ensure a complete meal experience. To date, there is lack of knowledge to guided model development about mealtimes adapted to children and limited knowledge regarding mealtime experiences for children with a gastrostomy tube.AimThe aim was to investigate whether the Five Aspect Meal Model could be appropriate to be used for children with a gastrostomy tube in caring science and paediatric care.MethodsThe design followed steps retrieved from Renjith and colleagues. Seven interviews were performed with the Five Aspect Meal Model as a base in the interview guide. The transcripts were analysed by using a qualitative directed content analysis with a deductive approach, which finally passed into a more inductive one.FindingsAll aspects of the Five Aspect Meal Model were represented in the interviews. There were also experiences related to the gastrostomy tube and the mealtimes that did not fit into any of the five predetermined categories. As a result, the modified version was developed, an adapted prescribing practice model that includes seven aspects, whereof bodily discomfort and time for change and acceptance are specific to children with a gastrostomy tube.ConclusionBased on children and their parent's experiences, the Five Aspect Meal Model has been developed and adapted into a modified version, which includes seven aspects. The modified version seems to be appropriate to use within caring science and paediatric care.
Behind therapists’ emotional responses to suicidal patients: A study of the narrative crisis model of suicide and clinicians’ emotions
Authors: Ying Gelan , Chennapragada Lakshmi , Musser Erica D. , Galynker Igor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveClinicians’ negative emotional responses to suicidal patients are predictive of near‐term suicidality. This study aimed to explore the underlying pathway of this association by investigating the potential relationship between clinicians’ emotional responses and the Narrative Crisis Model of suicide, which comprises long‐term risk factors (LTRF) of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, Suicidal Narrative, and the Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS), a presuicidal affective state.MethodOne thousand and One patient participants and 169 clinician participants were recruited. Patients’ Suicidal Narrative, SCS, and LTRF were assessed at intake using the Suicidal Narrative Inventory (SNI), the Suicide Crisis Inventory, and a composite score of three separate scales, respectively. Clinicians’ emotional responses were measured immediately after patient intake using the Therapist Response Questionnaire‐Suicide Form (TRQ‐SF).ResultsMultilevel regression analyses, which controlled for clinician differences, found that only patients’ SNI total score and perceived burdensomeness subscale score were significantly associated with clinicians’ TRQ‐SF total score. Furthermore, a higher SNI total score was significantly related to higher distress and lower affiliation scores among clinicians.ConclusionsClinicians appear to respond emotionally to patients’ Suicidal Narrative, and thus, future investigation of Suicidal Narrative and its potential to improve imminent suicide risk assessment is warranted.
Suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt among left‐behind children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qu Guangbo , Shu Liqin , Zhang Jian , Wu Yile , Ma Shaodi , Han Tiantian , Zhang Huimei , Wang Jun , Sun Yehuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere are an increasing number of studies that discussed suicide ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP), and suicide attempt (SA) among left‐behind children (LBC). However, the prevalence of these indicators of LBC has not been synthesized and the true correlation between these indicators and left‐behind status remains unclear.MethodsElectronic databases were comprehensively searched, and eligible observational studies were selected to extract useful data. We pooled the rates and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to determine the prevalence of SI, SP, and SA among LBC. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated to reflect the association between left‐behind status and risk of SI, SP, and SA.ResultsAmong LBC, the pooled prevalence was 18.7% (95% CI: 15.4–21.9) for SI, 6.4% (95% CI: 4.7–8.1) for SP, and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.6–3.6) for SA. Compared to non‐LBC, LBC was at higher risk of SI (OR = 1.26), SP (OR = 1.20), and SA (OR = 1.14), but only the effect for SI achieved statistical significance.ConclusionOverall, the prevalence of SI, SP, and SA is common among LBC, and parental migration has a significant impact on the SI of LBC. Intervention plans and programs are urgently needed to prevent suicidality of this vulnerable group.
A multi‐measure examination of interoception in people with recent nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Forrest Lauren N. , Smith April R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐injurious behaviors (SIB) are highly dangerous, yet prediction remains weak. Novel SIB correlates must be identified, such as impaired interoception. This study examined whether two forms of interoceptive processing (accuracy and sensibility) for multiple sensations (general, cardiac, and pain) differed between people with and without recent nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI).MethodParticipants were adults with recent (n = 48) NSSI and with no history of SIBs (n = 55). Interoceptive sensibility was assessed with self‐reports. Interoceptive accuracy for cardiac sensations was assessed using the heartbeat tracking task. Interoceptive accuracy for pain was assessed with a novel metric that mirrored the heartbeat tracking test.ResultsParticipants with recent NSSI reported significantly lower interoceptive sensibility for general sensations relative to people without SIBs. Groups did not differ on interoceptive sensibility for cardiac sensations or pain. Groups also did not differ on interoceptive accuracy for cardiac sensations. The NSSI group exhibited significantly lower interoceptive accuracy for pain compared with the No SIB group.ConclusionsInteroceptive impairment in people with NSSI may vary by interoceptive domain and sensation type. Diminished interoceptive accuracy for sensations relevant to the pathophysiology of self‐injury may be a novel SIB correlate.
Correlates of dual trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in youth: The UP & DOWN longitudinal study
Authors: Parker Kate , Timperio Anna , Salmon Jo , Villanueva Karen , Brown Helen , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Castro‐Piñero José , Sánchez‐Oliva David , Veiga Oscar L. 
Published: January 2021

Trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time (SED) may differ between subgroups of youth. The aim of this study was to identify group‐based dual trajectories of physical activity and SED and explore individual, social, and environmental correlates of these trajectories. Longitudinal data (three time points, baseline 2011‐2012) of Spanish youth (n = 1597, mean age = 11.94 ± 2.52, 50.9% boys) were used. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED were assessed objectively at each time point, and 21 potential correlates were self‐reported at baseline. Parallel process growth mixture models identified shared categorical latent groups, adjusting for school and age. Multinomial logistic regression models identified baseline correlates of a given trajectory. Four shared categorical latent groups were identified: (1) stable MVPA and decreasing SED (4%); (2) stable MVPA and increasing SED (3%); (3) consistently higher MVPA (18%); and (4) stable low MVPA and slight increase in SED (75%). Multinomial logistic regression models with group 3 as reference found: negative affect (RRR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84‐0.97), parental screen‐time rules (RRR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00‐1.33), and household media equipment (RRR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05‐1.30) predicted likelihood of group 1 membership; cons of reducing SED (RRR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.77‐4.10) predicted likelihood of group 2 membership; and co‐participation in physical activity with friends (RRR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69‐0.94), fathers’ modeling of TV viewing (RRR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02‐1.47), and household media equipment (RRR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02‐1.31) predicted likelihood of group 4 membership. Results suggest that strategies to improve MVPA and SED behaviors among youth may need to be multifaceted, targeting all levels of influence.
Police Drones and the Air: Towards a Volumetric Geopolitics of Security
Authors: Klauser Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper explores the aerial dimension of policing and surveillance. It does so by drawing upon select results from a large‐scale survey conducted in 2017 among professional (public and private) drone users in Switzerland. Focusing in particular on the police, the paper shows that the technology not only generates novel ways of looking down from above, but also of looking up from below, thus instilling a kind of air‐mindedness among the police. In making the airspace explicit as an object, and stake of imaginaries, concerns and practices, drones mediate novel ways of relating to the air, understanding it, approaching it and acting in relation to it.