bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislator Adoption of the Fake News Label: Ideological Differences in Republican Representative Use on Twitter
Authors: Cowburn Mike , Oswald Michael T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the extent to which Republican members of the House of Representatives have attempted to delegitimize established media by adopting thefake news labelon Twitter since Donald Trump’s election. We find that a significant minority of Republican representatives used the fake news label on Twitter. Ideology, measured through roll-call voting behavior (DW-NOMINATE), was the strongest indicator of likely adoption, with conservative representatives using the label at significantly higher rates than comparative moderates. Quantity of tweets sent was a further significant predictor of use, with active Twitter users more disposed to use the label on the platform. District partisanship (PVI) provided no explanatory value beyond ideology, suggesting limited ‘tactical’ use of the label for electoral gain. We discuss potential reasons for these findings and consider consequences for various actors, including Trump. We respond to a call in the literature for more empirical data concerning the use of the fake news label by actors other than President Trump by assessing the extent to which House Republicans have adopted this behavior.
Diaphragmatic endometriosis and thoracic endometriosis syndrome: a review on diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Soares Thiers , Oliveira Marco Aurelio , Panisset Karen , Habib Nassir , Rahman Sara , Klebanoff Jordan S. , Moawad Gaby N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Endometriosis of the diaphragm has been gaining more attention in the practice of gynecologists and thoracic surgeons in recent years. Understanding related symptoms and developing imaging methods have improved their approach. A review of the literature was performed with the aim to report on incidence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diaphragmatic endometriosis. We also cover the issue of the Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome (TES). Complaints of cyclic chest pain in patients of childbearing age should have as differential diagnosis the presence of thoracic endometriosis. Catamenial pneumothorax is the main manifestation of diaphragmatic endometriosis and Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome. Other possible manifestations are hemothorax, pulmonary nodules, and diaphragmatic hernia. Despite the possibility of drug treatment, many patients will be submitted to surgical treatment. The minimally invasive approach should be the one of choice. The robotic pathway allows for an easier approach due to its ability to articulate robotic arms, allowing the treatment of lesions in hard-to-reach locations, such as the posterior part of the diaphragm. Multidisciplinary treatment should be used in most cases, as only abdominal approach is not sufficient for the diagnosis and treatment of lesions in the thoracic cavity. The approach of endometriosis of the diaphragm and Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome should be multidisciplinary, allowing the improvement of quality of life in most patients.
Appropriate surgical management of ovarian endometrioma: excision or drainage?
Authors: Klebanoff Jordan S. , Inaty Dana , Rahman Sara , Habib Nassir , Bendifallah Sofiane , Ayoubi Jean Marc , Moawad Gaby N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Endometriosis negatively impacts the lives of countless women around the world. When medical management fails to improve quality of life often women are left making a decision whether or not to proceed with surgery. With endometriomas, patient’s surgical options include complete surgical removal or drainage via laparoscopy. Here, we review the literature to discuss both techniques, excision and drainage of endometriomas, and what the research supports for endometrioma management.
COVID-19: a review on SARS-CoV-2 origin, epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations and complications with special emphasis on adverse outcome in Bhopal Gas Tragedy survivor
Authors: Malviya Anushree , Ahirwar Ashok Kumar , Chandra Tripathi Satyendra , Asia Priyanka , Gopal Niranjan , Kaim Kirti 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
After the global outbreak of coronaviruses caused diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), an outbreak due to these viruses occurred in December, 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and led to a worldwide spread. Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a serious global health emergency and spread from a person to another who has the virus. But the scope of an intermediate host is not known. Population at higher risk includes individuals in higher age group (>60 years) or with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and weaker immune system. Many unknown and underestimate risk factors could be responsible for adverse outcomes in COVID-19. These risk factors should be appropriately identified, addressed and necessary actions should be taken to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Bhopal gas tragedy was one of the world’s worst industrial chemical leak disaster. The survivors of this incident still suffer from the various complications such as increased rate of cancers, chronic illness like tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, birth defects, nerve injury, growth retardations, gynecological illness and many more. The survivors of Bhopal gas tragedy are at higher risk of developing COVID-19 related adverse outcome. One of the possible explanations can be long term effect of methyl isocyanate (MIC). MIC exposure can lead to possible toxic effect on genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic factors. In this review, we aim to establish the scientific basis for adverse outcome in COVID-19 patients who are also victims of Bhopal gas tragedy.
Probability box theory-based uncertain power flow calculation for power system with wind power
Authors: Ding Jiaman , Chen Zhixin , Du Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The uncertainty of wind speed may lead to the deviation and change of wind power output, which influences the stability of wind farm. Therefore, in this paper, a probability box (p-box) based uncertain power flow model for wind power is proposed, which initially introduces p-box to power flow calculation. A probabilistic interval power flow model with both probability and interval is established. Firstly, the drift interval of wind speed is obtained and its p-box model is established by analyzing the distribution of wind speed. Secondly, the wind power output p-box is derived from the wind speed p-box based on the relationship between wind power output and wind speed, then the p-box of wind power output is discretized and introduced into the power flow equation to obtain the power flow p-box model. Finally, Newton–Raphson method is used to solve the power flow p-box model. Experiments on data collected from a wind farm (running standard IEEE30-bus test system) in Inner Mongolia demonstrate that our method is more effective and accurate than the traditional Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and classical interval power flow (IPF) method.
Locational marginal price computation in radial distribution system using Self Adaptive Levy Flight based JAYA Algorithm and game theory
Authors: Veeramsetty Venkataramana , Chintham Venkaiah , D.M. Vinod Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study presents a computational approach to compute locational marginal price (LMP) at distributed generation (DG) buses in an electric power distribution system using self-adaptive levy flight based JAYA algorithm and proportional nucleolus theory (PNT). This method provides financial incentive to DG owners based on their contribution in reliability improvement, loss and emission reduction. In this study expected energy not supplied (EENS) is used for measuring the reliability of a given radial distribution network. This method is implemented on 38 bus distribution system under MATLAB environment to compute LMP values at each DG as per its contribution towards reliability improvement, loss reduction and emission reduction. It is found from the study that reliability has been improved, losses and emissions of system were reduced by providing proper financial incentives to DG owners. The proposed method can be utilized by a distribution company (DISCO) to operate network optimally and to estimate state of network.
Simulation modeling of free space optical communication system
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Kaler Rajinder Singh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The optical wireless communication has been designed by developing a model with the support of MATLAB simulator using Simulink where channel considered to be a free space. In this model, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel has used to analyze bit error rate (BER) and power loss of optical wireless signal at receiver. The consequence due to turbulence in atmosphere of free space on transmitted signal has examined. The BER and signal power have extremely ruined on rigorous atmospheric unstable condition even for a short distance in an optical wireless channel. The BER of less than 10−3 has been achieved for free space optical communication considered to be an excellent BER for FSO.
Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
Authors: AL-Deen Mustafa B. , Ali Mazin Ali A. , Saleh Zeyad A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a theoretical investigation was suggested to study underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique. The modulation schemes such as RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK, 32-PPM and 4-QAM applied under different coastal water types. MIMO technique enabled the system to transmit data rate with longer distance link. The performance of the proposed system examined by BER and data rate as a metrics. Several impairments such as the types of water by the attenuation of coastal water and the distance link were taken into account for the transmission of the optical signal to appreciate the reliability of the MIMO technique. The theoretical analysis shows the proposed of MIMO (4Tx/4Rx) technique get the better performance compared with the other techniques in terms of BER. When 32-PPM is applied as a modulation scheme. For the system with MIMO technique the maximum distance link arrive to 14.9 and 2.9 m for coastal water types JIC and J9C, respectively. While SISO (1Tx/1Rx) technique achieved the maximum distance link are 10 and 2.3 m for coastal water types JIC and J9C, respectively. Therefore, 32-PPM can outperform the other modulation schemes and consider the suitable option for obtaining a low BER with the best maximum distance link for LoS of MIMO technique.
REVIEW. Translating Transition: A Critical Review of the Diabetes Literature
Authors: Daneman Denis , Nakhla Meranda , Frank Marcia , Guttmann Astrid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Effective transition to an adult diabetes care provider is a significant component of care in adolescents with diabetes mellitus. During this period adolescents are at risk of dropping out of medical follow-up, an action which may interfere with their future physical and psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper is to review the diabetes literature as it pertains to transition including the outcomes, methods and patients' perceptions of the transition period. The results of the studies examined demonstrate a decrease in diabetes care visits following transition and that improvement in clinic attendance may be achieved through: (1) implementing an educational transition program; (2) having a transition care coordinator; and (3) having a young adult transition clinic attended by both adult and pediatric physicians. Despite the recognized importance of successful transition for adolescents with diabetes, studies on the subject remain sparse, highlighting the need for further research to determine both the magnitude of the problem as well as the impact of interventions to improve the processes of transition.
Molecular Analysis of the AR and SRD5A2 Genes in Patients with 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Choi Jin-Ho , Kim Gu-Hwan , Seo Eul-Ju , Kim Kun-Suk , Kim Sung Hoon , Yoo Han-Wook 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and endocrinological features, and to analyze AR and SRD5A2 genes in patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). This study included 20 patients from 19 families showing clinical features of 46,XY DSD. Molecular analysis was performed of the AR and SRD5A2 genes, as well as endocrinological evaluations, such as 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and hCG stimulation test. Out of 20 patients with 46,XY DSD, only one (5%) displayed androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), and four (20%) were Sa-reductase deficient by mutation analysis. The patient with AIS revealed significant elevation of serum testosterone following hCG stimulation. The patient with Sa-reductase deficiency with a homozygous p.R246Q mutation had a low basal dihydrotestosterone level. The patient with p.Q6X/p.R246Q mutations showed a moderately elevated testosterone/ dihydrotestosterone ratio following hCG stimulation. Endocrinological tests are not reliable for the etiological diagnosis of AIS and Sa-reductase deficiency due to variable reference ranges of hormonal profiles according to the age and the severity of the enzyme defect. DNA analysis may be employed as a tool for the early and precise diagnosis of patients with 46,XY DSD, and genetic counseling can be used for families at risk.
Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ilia Presenting as Non-Ketotic Hypoglycemia: Use of a Newly Approved Commercially Available Mutation Analysis to Non-Invasively Confirm the Diagnosis
Authors: Seigel Jonathan , Weinstein David A. , Hillman Richard , Colbert Brooke , Matthews Belinda , Bachrach Bert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD-111) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the lack of amylo-1,6-glucosidase (AGL), one of the catalytic domains of the glycogen debranching enzyme. Deficiency of this enzyme classically results in hepatomegaly and ketotic hypoglycemia. The diagnosis of the disorder was previously confirmed with a liver biopsy demonstrating abnormal liver glycogen content and absent enzyme activity. We describe an 11 month-old African-American Jehovah's Witness male with non-ketotic hypoglycemia (NKH), hepatomegaly, cardiomyopathy, and a flat glucagon response confirmed to have GSD-IIIa by mutation analysis of the A GL gene. The present case represents an unusual presentation (NKH) of GSD-IIIa and emphasizes the utility of the newly approved commercially available Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee (CLIA) mutation analysis test.
Maturation of the cardiac autonomic regulation system, as function of gestational age in a cohort of low risk preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hadas Israeli-Mendlovic , Joseph Mendlovic , Luba Zuk , Michal Katz-Leurer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The maturation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) occurs steadily throughout gestation while the myelinated vagus has accelerated maturation periods, between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation and a further increase around 37–38 weeks of gestation. The aim was to quantify the cardiac autonomic regulation maturation, as a function of gestational age (GA) in a cohort of low risk preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation by assessing heart rate variability (HRV) at week 32, and at week 35 postmenstrual age (PMA).

Methods
Forty preterm infants were recruited, 24 h recordings of breathing rate and RR intervals were obtained at week 32 and week 35 PMA.

Results
A significant difference was noted between preterm infants born before 32 weeks GA and preterm infants born at week 32; the latter present higher HRV values throughout the follow-up period. No significant change over time was noted for the parasympathetic HRV measures while a significant increase was found in the sympathetic system. Moreover, a significant interaction effect of time and system was found, the increase in values of the sympathetic system over time was significantly larger than the change noted in the vagal HRV measures.

Conclusions
Given the beneficial influence of vagal tone on health and developmental outcomes in preterm infants, the findings of the current study highlight the need for further studies on the impact of specifics gestational age on vagal development and later assessing interventions associate with its continue development and maturation at these specific periods.
Antenatal care and perinatal outcomes of asylum seeking women and their infants
Authors: Sturrock Sarah , Williams Emma , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Asylum seekers have been highlighted as a particularly vulnerable group of expectant mothers due to complex medical and psychosocial needs, as well as the difficulties they may face in accessing care. Our aim was to examine if there were differences in the antenatal care and perinatal outcomes for asylum seeking women when compared to age- and ethnicity-matched controls delivering at the same hospital.

Methods
Two age- and ethnicity-matched non-asylum seeking controls were identified for each asylum-seeking woman. Electronic patient records were analysed to determine the amount of antenatal care received and neonatal outcomes.

Results
Thirty-four asylum-seeking women were identified who had term born infants. The median number of antenatal care episodes at the delivering hospital was significantly fewer amongst asylum-seeking women compared to controls (three vs. nine, p<0.0001). The median number of antenatal ultrasound examinations at the delivering hospital amongst asylum-seeking women was one (IQR 1–2), compared to three (IQR 3–4) in the controls (p<0.0001). The postnatal length of stay was significantly longer for infants of asylum-seeking women (median three vs. two days, p=0.002). Thirty-seven percent of asylum seeking women but none of the controls required assistance from social services. There was a significant correlation between antenatal and postnatal costs for asylum seeking women (r=0.373, p=0.042), but not for controls (r=0.171, p=0.181).

Conclusions
The increased postnatal length of stay in the infants of asylum seeking mothers may reflect their mother’s reduced antenatal care and hence insufficient discharge planning for mothers and infants with increased social needs.
Diurnal variation of leukocyte counts affects the indirect estimation of reference intervals
Authors: Torge Antje , Haeckel Rainer , Özcürümez Mustafa , Krebs Alexander , Junker Ralf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It has been observed that the estimation of reference intervals of leukocytes in whole venous blood leads to higher upper reference limits (uRLs) with indirect methods than has been reported in the literature determined by direct approaches. This phenomenon was reinvestigated with a newer, more advanced indirect method, and could be confirmed. Furthermore, a diurnal variation was observed with lower values during the morning and higher values in the late afternoon and at night. This observation can explain why indirect approaches using samples collected during 24 h lead to higher uRLs than direct methods applied on samples collected presumably in the morning.
Membranous nephropathy with pulmonary cryptococcosis with improved 1-year follow-up results: A case report
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Wang Chundan , Zhang Jiudan , Zhong Wenjing , Xia Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cryptococcosis is frequently found in immunosuppressed patients. It is also a significant opportunistic infection in non-immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we present a rare case of membranous nephropathy (MN) with pulmonary cryptococcosis. A 33-year-old man with MN was referred to our hospital because of dyspnea and weakness for 1 week. Before the above symptoms occurred, the dose of Cyclosporin A was increased again for relapse of MN. Multiple massive or patchy high-density shadows were present on computed tomography of the lung. Initially the patient underwent empirical anti-bacterial therapy, which turned out to be ineffective. As the results of serum cryptococcal latex agglutination tests were positive, the administration of anti-fungal drugs was prescribed. The results of fungal culture and pathologic examination of the lung tissue revealed the findings consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole followed by fluconazole with satisfactory result. Therefore, in patients with chronic kidney disease, lung lesions with poor bactericidal effects of cephalosporins need further examination to make sure whether there is pulmonary cryptococcosis. Early diagnosis and treatment might contribute to good results. It is a problem worthy of consideration that whether immunosuppressive agents need to be discontinued or not during antifungal therapy.
Ideal pH for the adsorption of metal ions Cr6+, Ni2+, Pb2+ in aqueous solution with different adsorbent materials
Authors: Cruz-Lopes Luísa P. , Macena Morgana , Esteves Bruno , Guiné Raquel P. F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Industrialization increases the number of heavy metals released into the environment. Lead (Pb2+), nickel (Ni2+) and chromium (Cr6+) are among these toxic metals and cause irreversible effects on ecosystems and human health due to their bio-accumulative potential. The decontamination through adsorption processes using lignocellulosic wastes from agricultural and/or forestry processes is a viable solution. Hence, this work aimed at studying the effect of pH on the biosorption of the metal ions using four different by-product materials: walnut shell, chestnut shell, pinewood and burnt pinewood. These experiments were conducted with solutions of the three heavy metals in which the adsorbents were immersed to measure the rate of adsorption. A range of pH values from 3.0 to 7.5 was used in the experiments, and the concentrations were determined by atomic absorption. The results showed different behaviour of the biosorbent materials when applied to the different metals. The lead adsorption had an ideal pH in the range of 5.5–7.5 when the walnut shell was used as an adsorbent, corresponding to values of adsorption greater than 90%, but for the other materials, maximum adsorption occurred for a pH of 7.5. For the adsorption of chromium, the pH was very heterogeneous with all adsorbents, with optimal values of pH varying from 3.0 (for chestnut shell) to 6.5 (for walnut shell and wood). For nickel, the best pH range was around pH 5, with different values according to the lignocellulosic material used. These results indicate that the tested biosorbents have the potential to decontaminate wastewater in variable extensions and that by controlling the pH of the solution; a more efficient removal of the heavy metals can be achieved.