bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Protein Corona-Based Design Strategy for Carbon Nanotube Sensors
Authors: Landry Markita P , Pinals Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

Unpredictable protein adsorption on nanoparticles remains a considerable challenge towards effectively applying nanotechnologies in biological environments. However, if well understood and controlled, proteins adsorbed on nanoparticles can be exploited to develop protein-based nanosensors.
Herein, we employ our knowledge of spontaneous “protein corona” formation on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in biofluids1 towards rational nanosensor design based on protein-SWCNT complexation.2 SWCNTs are implemented as the sensor platform due to their desirable optical and physical characteristics, including photostable fluorescence in the near-infrared tissue transparency window3 and high aspect ratio that confers delivery capabilities.4 We functionalize carbon nanotubes with proteins that, in turn, bind to their natural ligand partners. The adsorbed protein thus acts as the recognition moiety that interacts with the environment and detects the analyte of interest, tethered to the SWCNT that serves as the signal transducer. This nanosensor platform combines the sensitive and selective binding capabilities of proteins for their ligand partners with the near-infrared fluorescence readout of SWCNTs that is modulated upon protein-ligand binding. In this manner, we demonstrate that although formation of the nanoparticle protein corona can impede the intended nanobiotechnology application, it also presents an opportunity to create improved protein-nanoparticle architectures by manipulating selective protein adsorption on the nanoparticle surface to generate nanosensors for detection of SARS-CoV 2 infections.5

References

Pinals, R.L., et al., Quantitative Protein Corona Composition and Dynamics on Carbon Nanotubes in Biological Environments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2020.doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.905356.

Pinals, R. L., Yang, D., Lui, A., Cao, W. & Landry, M. P. Corona Exchange Dynamics on Carbon Nanotubes by Multiplexed Fluorescence Monitoring. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
142, 1254–1264 (2020).

Boghossian, A. A. et al. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Sensors based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Life Sciences Applications. ChemSusChem
4, 848–863 (2011).

Demirer, G. S. et al. High aspect ratio nanomaterials enable delivery of functional genetic material without DNA integration in mature plants. Nat. Nanotechnol.
14, 456–464 (2019).

Pinals, R., Ledesma, F., Yang, D., Jeong, S., Navarro, N., Pak, J.E., Landry, M.P. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection by Carbon Nanotube-Based Near-Infrared Nanosensors. (2020) DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20223404
(Invited) Different Pathways of Fluorescent SWCNT Modifications with Aromatic Reactants
Authors: Bachilo Sergei M. , Weisman R. Bruce , Zheng Yu 
Published: July 2021

Modification of electronic and chemical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by covalent side-wall functionalization can produce a stable material with purposely-enhanced electronic and optical properties. In the report we describe a new type of reactions between simple aromatic compounds and SWCNTs, creating different fluorescent trapping states in SWCNTs. The photoreactions take place in aqueous suspensions of SWCNTs with small addition of soluble or even very-slightly soluble organic aromatic compounds excited by UV light. The reaction rates depend on the aromatic compound structure and proportional to its concentration, and in some cases, as with aniline or iodoaniline, new strong and well-resolved spectral sidebands appear within one minute. Total SWCNT photoluminescence intensity can increase, and the increase was in some cases by a factor of 5 as compare to original species. The shifted emission bands and the trapping nature of them, when the main part of the nanotube is performing as an absorbing antenna delivering excitation energy to the modified sites, may be interesting for a variety of optical and electronic applications.
Most notably, in most cases of these photochemical reactions, the shifted emission spectra from modified SWCNTs become different, displaying never observed previously structure upon removal of molecular oxygen from the solution. For instance, treatment with normal dissolved oxygen gives a rise to a new emission band red-shifted for (6,5) SWCNTs by 160 meV from the pristine position, which is similar to many previously studied reactions starting with oxygen doping. Corresponding results will appear for other species as well. However, if the molecular oxygen is removed from the suspension by degassing or gas substitution, same UV treatments will lead to two different emission bands red-shifted by 140 and 270 meV, one less shifted and one more shifted, thus indicating different chemical products of the reactions. These new bands grow with different rate under UV illumination. Variance spectroscopy of such samples shows the presence of individual “multicolor” nanotubes with three distinct emission bands, one original/unmodified plus two shifted. The reaction demonstrates new possibilities for creation different trapping states on individual nanotubes, and opens new options for tuning electronic and optical properties of nanotubes for possible applications.
(Invited) Photoresponsive Multiplexed Carbon Nanotube-Hybrid Nanoscale Devices
Authors: Ye Qingyu , Xu Xinzhao , Dimitrov Stoichko , Palma Matteo 
Published: July 2021

By synergistically combining the individual properties of more than one nanoscale component, research efforts on hybrid structures assembly and their features represent a key motivation for making future functional nanomaterials. In this regard, we developed different platforms based on the in-solution assembly of classes of molecular materials (organic, inorganic, and biological with promising attributes) to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), employed as building blocks that allow for nanoscale studies to be performed in a variety of research fields.[1-7]

In this talk, we will present a one-pot assembly strategy for the construction in aqueous solution of hybrid nanostructures comprising inorganic semiconducting nanoparticles (CdS and PbS) grown on carbon nanotubes templates, and their organization in multiplexed nanoscale devices exhibiting photoinduced electrical response.[8] The electrical response observed suggests different processes within the hybrids, depending on the inorganic material employed, i.e. CdS or PbS. We investigated the behaviour of the hybrids via transient absorption spectroscopy, which further cast light on the different photoresponses of our devices.[8] The strategy we developed is of general applicability for the controlled fabrication of CNT-based multiplexed photoresponsive optoelectronic hybrid systems and devices.
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138, 2905-2908
[2] Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 2019, 59, 9928-9932
[3] Small, 2017, 13, 1603042
[4] Advanced Science, 2018, 5, 1800596
[5] Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31, 1537-1542
[6] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017, 139, 17834-17840
[7] Nano Letters, 2018, 18, 4130-4135
[8] Submitted
Additive-Free Solution Processing of Carbon Nanotubes in Industrial Solvents
Authors: Huang Jiaxing 
Published: July 2021

Carbon nanotubes can now be produced in the ton scale in the form of powders, but they need to be further processed, usually by solution-based routes, into disaggregated and more usable forms for applications. There has been extensive effort to search and design solvents that can disperse nanotubes, which can also be easily removed afterward. We have discovered that cresols, which are already manufactured for other industrial purposes, are such solvents. They can disperse carbon nanotube powders of many types at unprecedentedly high concentrations, rendering them polymer-like rheological and viscoelastic properties, and high processability. This makes carbon nanotube powders immediately usable by current materials-processing techniques for creating desirable structures or composites.
Using cresols as a minority cosolvent, unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes can be dispersed in many common industrial solvents. Spectroscopic studies reveal that cresol forms a charge-transfer complex with carbon nanotubes, which is destabilized in high-dielectric-constant solvents but remains stable in low-dielectric-constant solvents. The new chemical insight enables scalable technical solutions for solving a longstanding problem of solution processing of carbon nanotubes. For example, volatile compatible solvents, such as n-hexane and chloroform, can be used as the main solvent to formulate fast-evaporating nanotube inks for high-throughput techniques, such as airbrushing, to quickly create continuous and conformal carbon nanotube coatings. Meanwhile, incompatible solvents such as acetone can help remove residual high-boiling-point cresols without the usual need for heating.
(Invited) DNA-Directed High-Precision Assembly of High-Performance CNT FETs
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhao Mengyu , Chen Yahong , Zhu Zhi , Zheng Ming 
Published: July 2021

Precise fabrication of semiconducting channel materials into densely-aligned uniform arrays is one prerequisite towards the high-performance ultra-scaled technology nodes, in particular for carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Traditional thin-film approaches generally yield CNTs in irregularly-spaced bundles or with wide orientation distribution, and lack a mechanism to effectively eliminate the mis-aligned CNTs from the ultra-scaled channel area. Therefore, the averaged pitch value and precision of CNT arrays, the key parameters defining lateral CNT spacing, fail to simultaneously meet all of the patterning requirements for the ultra-scaled technology nodes. Bio-fabrication is promising for patterning CNTls at a resolution beyond the existing lithographic limit. However, impacted by surface charges and sub-micron dimensions of typical bio-templates, current bio-templated electronics exhibit both poor transport performance and array uniformity smaller than 1 micron.
We report precise scaling of inter-CNT pitch using a supramolecular assembly method called Spatially Hindered Integration of Nanowire Electronics (SHINE). Specifically, by using nano-trenches to align CNTs and DNA hybridization to stabilize them in place, we constructed parallel CNT arrays with uniform pitch as small as 10.4 nm, at an assembly yield over 95%. The pitch precision improves on that prepared from conventional thin-film approaches by more than two orders of magnitude. Compared to the lithography-patterned Si channels at 10 nm technology node, SHINE simultaneously provides both 70% smaller averaged pitch value and molecular-scale pitch precision in the channel area. By engineering the interfacial compositions, metal ions and surface charges that are destructive to FET performance have been excluded from the channel area without degrading CNT alignment. Under a source-to-drain voltage of -0.5 V, we demonstrate both transconductance more than 0.6 mS/μm with fast on/off switching. And the key FET performance metrics are improved by more than one order of magnitude than previous bio-templated FETs. Furthermore, we demonstrate centimeter-scale alignment of fixed-width CNT arrays. At the interface of high-performance electronics and bio-molecular self-assembly, precise bio-fabrication could provide ultra-scaled devices or circuits compatible with or sensitive to local biological environments.
Roles of Ionic Transport in Dendrite Growth through Solid State Electrolytes at the Critical Current Density
Authors: Gopal Rajeev , Bai Peng 
Published: July 2021

Lithium metal anodes hold the promise to significantly increase the energy density of current Li-ion batteries by replacing the bulkier graphite anode. However, these batteries have low cycling efficiency and internal short circuiting due to metal dendrites. A strategy to prevent dendritic growth is using a stiff solid electrolyte that can mechanically block their growth, while in reality, penetration through the tough solid electrolytes by soft Li metal filaments still occurs at a relatively low critical current density.
Inspired by the dendrite initiation at the system-specific limiting current in liquid electrolytes, we explore the possibility in this study that dendrite growth in solid state electrolytes at the critical current density (CCD) is a transport limited phenomenon determined by ionic conduction. Previous studies have used galvanostatic cycling [1] as the basis for measuring the CCD, however cycling presents problems of interfacial stripping and delamination leading to a reduction in contact surface area and high localized current densities. Here we use linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with the implementation of stack pressure to mitigate these effects to initially determine the CCD and develop a model connected to the ionic conduction. With the experimentally determined CCD, we then investigate the penetration time at various higher-than-CCD constant current densities to uncover a Sand’s time-like behavior, which offers insights on the transport dynamics consistent with our previous work [2]. Operando and postmortem analyses were also performed to complement the electrochemical characterization toward a self-consistent comprehensive understanding. In conclusion, our new method allows us to understand the growth mechanism of dendrites in solid electrolytes, while still connecting microstructural and interfacial aspects from previous published works[3][4], to present a unified approach to understanding the metal dendrite initiation at the CCD.
References

E. Kazyak, R. Garcia-Mendez, W.S. LePage, A. Sharafi, A.L. Davis, A.J. Sanchez, K.-H. Chen, C. Haslam, J. Sakamoto and N.P. Dasgupta. Li Penetration in Ceramic Solid Electrolytes: Operando Microscopy Analysis of Morphology, Propagation, and Reversibility. Matter 2, 1025-1048, (2020).

P. Bai, J. Li, F.R. Brushett and M.Z. Bazant. Transition of lithium growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes. Energ Environ Sci 9, 3221-3229, (2016).

L. Porz, T. Swamy, B.W. Sheldon, D. Rettenwander, T. Frömling, H.L. Thaman, S. Berendts, R. Uecker, W.C. Carter and Y.-M. Chiang. Mechanism of Lithium Metal Penetration through Inorganic Solid Electrolytes. Advanced Energy Materials 7, 1701003-n/a, (2017).

T. Krauskopf, H. Hartmann, W.G. Zeier and J. Janek. Toward a Fundamental Understanding of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries—An Electrochemo-Mechanical Study on the Garnet-Type Solid Electrolyte Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, 14463-14477, (2019).

Figure 1
(Invited) The Electroluminescence of Graphene
Authors: Baudin Emmanuel , Schmitt Aurélien , Mele David , Abou Hamdan Loubnan , Voisin Christophe , Plaçais Bernard , De Wilde Yannick 
Published: July 2021

Electroluminescence is the phenomenon by which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current. In solids, it is the prerogative of semiconductors and related organic materials, and it results from the radiative recombination of electrons and holes. Today, electroluminescent devices represent the majority of lighting and display devices and are a building block of the global information and telecommunication network.
We report on two observations signaling the electroluminescence of high-mobility graphene field-effect transistors (FET). The semi-metallic nature of graphene a priori forbids electroluminescence: Indeed, in semiconductors, the bandgap energetically insulates the electrons from the holes. Such protection doesn’t exist in graphene which is gapless. Nonetheless, electroluminescence is possible, because (i) of the remarkable inefficiency of the non-radiative carrier relaxation in graphene, and (ii) thanks to an original carrier injection mechanism specific to 2D semimetals: the Zener-Klein (ZK) tunnel conductance. [1]
Our first observation consists in the thermometry of graphene’s electrons with applied bias, see figure 1a. Using electronic noise thermometry, we observe that, after an initial warm up with the deposited Joule power, the electron gas cools down, starting at a doping-dependent threshold. The turning point is concomitant with the onset of electron-hole injection by Zener-Klein (ZK) tunneling. The cooling mechanism involves the radiative emission, due to the electron-hole recombination, in electromagnetic near-field modes of the hBN-graphene heterostructure. It is reminiscent of far-field electroluminescent cooling that can be observed in regular LEDs [2] except that it’s much more efficient (~10 mW vs. ~10 pW, i.e., 9 orders of magnitude larger). [3]
Our second observation consists in the detection of the middle-wave infrared radiation (MIR) emitted by a high-mobility graphene FET operating in ambient conditions, see figure 1b. We observe a sizeable optical emission in the range 80–250 meV, starting at the ZK tunneling threshold bias. The spectral analysis of the emitted light indicates that it originates from the scattering of the hBN-graphene heterostructure near-fields, as observed in reference [4] by surface near-field optical microscopy.

Bibliography

[1] W.
Yang et al,
A graphene Zener-Klein transistor cooled by a hyperbolic substrate. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, Vol. 47, 13.
[2] P. Santhanam et
al, Room temperature thermo-electric pumping in mid-infrared light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, Vol. 103, 18, p. 183513.
[3] E.
Baudin et al,
Hyperbolic Phonon Polariton Electroluminescence as an Electronic Cooling Pathway. Adv. Funct.. Mater. 2020, Vol. 30, 8, p. 1904783.
[4] S. Dai et al, «
Graphene on hexagonal boron nitride as a tunable hyperbolic metamaterial ». Nat. Nanotech. 2015, Vol. 10, 8, p. 682.

Figure 1
(Invited) Experimental Quantum Transport in Strained Graphene and SWCNTs - Towards Noems
Authors: Champagne Alexandre R 
Published: July 2021

We measure ballistic charge conductivity in strained suspended graphene and observe the theoretically predicted [1] strain-induced scalar and vector potentials. To do so, we built an experimental platform for in-situ quantum transport strain engineering in 2D materials. This instrumentation also permits low temperature (0.3 K) transport in 0 to 9 Tesla magnetic fields. The tunable uniaxial strain (up to 3%) is completely decoupled from the gate-tunable charge density, permitting quantitative understanding of strain effects. We show slippage-free mechanical clamping of high aspect-ratio graphene crystals, where atomically ordered edges are unnecessary for quantitative straintronics. We study in detail transport in a ballistic graphene channel whose length is 90 nm and width is 600 nm. By applying strain up to 0.6 % in this device, we observe that the strain-induced scalar potential shifts its low energy band structure downward by up to 30 meV. We show precise control of the gauge vector potential which reversibly suppresses the conductance. We discuss our progress towards strain engineering in SWCNTs, and calculations showing its potential in valley filtering and tuning electron-hole asymmetric quantum transistors.
We conclude with an overview of another project to integrate suspended bilayer graphene devices in planar optical cavities towards achieving fully tunable nano-opto-electro-mechanical (NOEMS) carbon systems. To do so, we discuss a nitrocellulose-based dry-stamping method to manipulate and suspend individual 2D materials [2]. Using this method we assembled optical cavities able to a widely tune Raman scattering and absorption in graphene. [1] A. C. McRae, G. Wei, and A. R. Champagne, Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 054019 (2019). [2] I. G. Rebollo, F. C. Rodrigues-Machado, W. Wright, G. J. Melin, A. R. Champagne, ArXiv:2011.14166

Figure 1
(Invited) 1D Confinement of Dyes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Photo-Stability and Aggregation Effects
Authors: Gaufres Etienne 
Published: July 2021

The encapsulation of organic molecules inside nanotubes forms a class of nano-heterostructures with optical properties driven by the 1D properties of the nanotube host template.
When confined and aligned inside a carbon nanotube (CNT), organic dyes (e.g. sexithiophene) exhibit for instance a strong Raman signal and a quenched fluorescence by the CNT [1-3]. Here we show that boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) having inner diameters between 1 nm to 5 nm provide similar 1D confinement effects with the difference that the BNNTs (Eg~5 eV) preserve the luminescence of the dyes. Experiments on individual and assembly of Dyes@BNNT demonstrate that the walls of the BNNTs provide protection to the dyes against photobleaching under continuous photo-excitation in ambient conditions. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy on Dyes@BNNTs shows ordered aggregation of the encapsulated depending on the BNNT diameter. [4] Finally, fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy on Dyes@BNNTs reveal that the emitted light is highly polarized along the nanotube axis with extinction ratios of ~700 at room temperature. Both absorption and emission energies are strongly red-shifted compared to non-encapsulated dyes. That is, a shift as high as 0.8 eV between DPP2 dyes and DPP2@BNNT fluorescence has been observed, which allows a tuning of the dye optical activity from the visible to near-infrared (NIRII).
Work done in collaboration with C. Allard, A. Badon, L. Schué, F. Fossard, L.Cognet, G. Recher,R. Nascimento, E. Flahaut, P. Desjardins, R. Martel and A. Loiseau
[1] E. Gaufrès et al Nature Photon. 8, 72-78 (2014)
[2] S. Cambré et al Nature Nano. 10, 248-252 (2015)
[3] E. Gaufrès et al ACS Nano, 10, 11 (2016)
[4] C. Allard et al, Advanced Materials, 32, 29 (2020)
Big Data for Li-Ion Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Dubarry Matthieu , Beck David 
Published: July 2021

Accurate lithium battery diagnosis and prognosis is critical to increase penetration of electric vehicles and grid-tied storage systems. Both diagnosis and prognosis are complex due to the intricate, nonlinear, and path-dependent nature of battery degradation. Data-driven models are anticipated to play a significant role in the behavioral prediction of dynamical systems such as batteries. However, they are often limited by the amount of training data available.
In this work, we will present the application of a proof-of-concept methodology to generate big data training datasets for intercalation batteries. We will use a mechanistic approach that combines both modeling and experimental techniques to provide a universal tool for the creation of synthetic voltage curves practically indistinguishable from real data. This approach offers the benefits of the broad applicability of the model to various cell chemistries, designs, and operating modes, as well as the high fidelity. The methodology could be applied to the generation of training datasets encompassing the entire degradation spectrum as well as different operating conditions such as rate and temperature. Scenarios leading to lithium plating with adjustable reversibility can also be added and the addition of random noise on the data could be considered to make the datasets even more realistic and consider the impact of real-life testing machines' precision and accuracy
The public proof-of-concept datasets are over three orders of magnitude larger than what is currently available in the literature. This will expend critical capabilities of current AI algorithms, tools, and techniques to predict scientific data. The synthetic datasets will cover the entire spectrum of possible degradations and degradation paths for several battery chemistries. These complete datasets are unprecedented and they will be used to identify meaningful learning parameter by comparing and evaluating different features of interest on the voltage curves to understand the relationship between data and model. For example, early prognosis conditions will be tested to establish whether a single point early prognosis is possible.