bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metrological assurance of the characteristics of electric drives at the design stage
Authors: Rokachevskii O A , Sleptsov V V , Ablaeva A E , Kanaev S A , Moskalenko O V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of determining the quality indicators of the controlled electric drives that determine the characteristics of metal-cutting machine tools, robocars, industrial robots and other automatic equipment. The main trends in the development of electric drives are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the technical requirements for the controlled electric drives. A mathematical model of an electric drive with a valve motor is presented, using which it is possible to determine the main metrological characteristics of the electric drive specified in GOST even at the design stage, using a mathematical device. The use of the presented mathematical model makes it possible to make changes to the planned operating modes of the electric drive, select the parameters of the speed and current regulators, and study the influence of non-linearities. The model reflects all the features of the circuit design of the regulators and the power amplifier. The work presents tachograms for determining the coefficients of uneven rotation and frequency bandwidth. The analysis of the obtained tachograms makes it possible to theoretically determine the range of speed control of the electric drive. The results of an experimental study of a test sample of the controlled electric drive under consideration are presented, illustrating the correctness of the calculations performed.
Investigation of the effective performance of diesel engines running on methanol and rapeseed oil methyl ether
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P , Yurlov A S , Anfilatova N S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrently, diesels are widely used as a power plant for the global automotive and tractor fleet. Undoubtedly, this cannot but affect the depletion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves and the rise in prices for oil and petroleum products. On the other hand, due to the constant increase in the number of power plants and the deteriorating environmental situation, it is no less important to maintain the required level of purity of diesel (D) exhaust gases (EG). This raises the question of finding new alternative energy sources and using them in existing engines. An important task in this case is to maintain the power and economic indicators at the level corresponding to the serial engine. The paper presents the results of studies of the working process of D using methanol (M) and rapeseed oil methyl ether (ROME). The minimum ignition portion of rapeseed oil methyl ether is set, which ensures stable operation of the D both at low loads and at idle, and over the entire load characteristic. The required composition of biofuels for the D under study is determined and recommended as optimal. The effective parameters of the D under load conditions when operating on M and ROME are studied in detail. At the same time, experimental characteristics of the effective indicators of a D running on these alternative fuels are established.
The influence of thermophysical conditions on the formation of wax models in moulds from polymer composite materials
Authors: Sharshin V N , Sukhorukov D V , Sukhorukova E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Investment casting has always been referred to as mass casting. This circumstance is associated with the high cost of moulds. The paper deals with materials from polymer composite materials for the manufacture of moulds. Investigations of thermophysical properties of polymer composites under cyclic loads under heating-cooling conditions have been performed. The results obtained have been implemented in real industrial production and can be used for one-off production with a significant reduction in the cost of tooling and, as a consequence, castings.
Modeling the impact of shell wall thickness thinning on the stress state
Authors: Abdrakhmanova Karina , Yarmonov Evgeniy , Kulakov Petr , Tlyasheva Rezeda 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A large number of fire-flame-proof substances, complex technological processes, characterizes oil and gas industry. Ensuring safety and preventing accidents are important issues for oil and gas industry. Modeling in modern software systems contributes to assessing the current situation and making the right decisions to extend safe operation life and increase equipment reliability. The wall thickness of a shell, even before putting in operation, is differential. In this paper, the effect of shell wall thickness thinning on the stress state is considered, taking into account the possible permissible deviation within the limits of GOST. The purpose of research is to prove the necessity and importance of taking into account uneven distribution of wall thickness for calculations. The object of study is cylindrical shell made from steel 09G2S. The thinning zone varied along the length of the study object. According to calculations result in SolidWorks software package, thinning, within the permissible possible deviation, at low pressures does not pose a danger. In case of increase in pressure up to 6 MPa and above, which is often used in complex technological processes, it leads to stress increasing in shell wall, which can contribute to strength characteristics deterioration. The results of research emphasize the importance of taking into account all features of a research object in 3D modeling, because it is at the heart of a new promising method of production management, like a digital twin.
Modeling ideas for ruled surfaces and their implementation in applied geometry
Authors: Nartova L G , Anamova R R , Leonova S A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study provides theoretical and applied issues related to the establishment of interdisciplinary relations between different disciplines. An algorithm for geometric modeling of ruled surfaces is presented. Its distinctive feature is the fact that in geometric modeling the model is always a geometric figure. New geometric configurations have been obtained, due to the mutual introduction of the foundations of technology and geometry. As a result of the study, it was found that the interdisciplinary connections of geometry and technology make it possible to obtain new geometric configurations, on the basis of which it is possible to achieve new results in aviation technology and in other industries.
Mathematical model describing the rate of evaporation of high-temperature petroleum products used in the oil and gas industry
Authors: Korolev D S , Vytovtov A V , Odnolko A A , Kargashilov D V , Sitnikov I V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Within the framework of the study, the process of evaporation of heated high-temperature oil products was studied, the results were used to determine the calculated values of the mass of vapors formed during the evaporation of spills of liquids heated above the design temperature. The result of the study was the development of a theoretical model based on the Stefan formula describing the rate of evaporation. This made it possible to establish that when heating high-temperature organic compounds form explosive vapor-air mixtures that pose a fire hazard.
Metrological support of cylinder liner inspection
Authors: Golinitskiy P , Antonova U , Cherkasova E , Temasova G , Toygambaev S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
On the example of the technological process of repairing cylinder liners, a method for assigning control points has been developed to assess the quality of the process by stages of its implementation. Methods and means of measurement have been selected for each control point.
The mechanism study for changing the precision parts dimensional accuracy such as bearing rings
Authors: Babenko M G , Samoilova E M , Slesarev S V , Vinogradov M V , Yu Davidenko O , Melentiev V A , Bokova L G , Gorbachev V O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents the mechanism studies results for changing the precision parts dimensional accuracy such as bearing rings, arising from the residual stress diagrams asymmetry relative to the rings transverse and longitudinal sections main axes occurring during the relaxation process. The stabilizing geometric parameters’ problem is especially acute in the accuracy’ precision rolling bearings production classes 6 and higher, which are widely used in various machines and units. Even a slight change in dimensions over a time certain period leads to an accuracy sharp loss in these bearings. The existing technology and known methods for stabilizing geometric parameters, such as heat treatment, low-temperature tempering, artificial ageing, are ineffective since their use in practice lead to high energy costs, and the geometric dimensions and shape refinement degree is negligible. Therefore, work on improving the technology for stabilizing the precision bearings geometric indicators is very relevant.
Development of a method for diagnostics of the technical condition of spindles of metalworking machines
Authors: Chetvernin M U , Barbashov N N , Podolskiy A I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A method for operational diagnostics of the technical condition of drives of metalworking equipment is proposed. A method has been developed to improve the accuracy of machining spindles of metalworking machines using high-performance precision equipment. The development of the method was carried out on the basis of modeling and analysis of the runout of the axis of rotation (taking into account the process of shaping the surface of the part).
Estimation of the accuracy of measurements of oil mass in fiscal metering
Authors: Shalovnikov E A , Krasnov A N , Yu Prakhova M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In modern metrology, two approaches to assessing the accuracy of measurement results have been formed: the traditional approach using errors and a relatively new approach based on the concept of uncertainty. The question of which of them to use in a specific metrological situation is not idle and is of great practical importance. In particular, this applies to the commercial accounting of marketable oil, especially when it is supplied abroad. In Russia, at the level of state accounting policy, an estimate is made based on the error, and in most other countries - according to uncertainty, which causes discrepancies in the mass of oil exported. The article analyzes both approaches and, on the basis of a comparative calculation of both estimates for several systems for measuring the quantity and quality of oil (OQMS), through which commercial accounting is conducted, the expediency of switching to an estimate through expanded uncertainty is shown.
New natural feed additives: efficiency in pork production
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Nikolaev D V , Mosolov A A , Frolova M V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of research on the technology of using microalgae and various prebiotics in the production of pork. The use of chlorella, LactuVet feed additive and their complex in the composition of granular compound feeds has a beneficial effect on the body of growing young pigs.
Adaptive Friction Compensation Control for a Roll-Isolated Strapdown Inertial Navigation System
Authors: Wang Zuocheng , Yao Xiaoxian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to meet the requirements of miniaturization and low cost of rolling missiles, the roll-isolated strapdown inertial navigation systems began to be applied to such weapon systems. This paper proposes an adaptive control approach based on LuGre friction torque model to eliminate the influence of the nonlinear characteristics of the friction torque of the roll-isolated platform at low speed. Two nonlinear state observers are used to estimate the unknown state variables in LuGre model, and the parameters of the model are adaptively estimated. The global asymptotic stability of the system is proved by Lyapunov method. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional control approaches, this approach improves the control precision and low-speed performance of the roll-isolated platform, and can meet the performance requirements of the roll-isolated strapdown inertial navigation system.
The Design of Wearable Auxiliary Rehabilitation Equipment Gloves
Authors: Zhang Y T , Chen Y W , Den X T , Guan H W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to help hand dysfunction people to rehabilitate hand muscles and train hand muscles, we designed and developed a wearable rehabilitation equipment glove. First, we collected data from a sample hand and fitted its motion trajectory. Through analysis and comparison, we decided to use the linkage mechanism as the actuator and pneumatic drive as the driving method. In order to ensure flexibility, accuracy and stability, we designed and optimized the number and position of the connecting rods. Finally, we will get a set of rods that can simulate the movement of the fingers, and use springs to increase the flexibility of the mechanism. We studied the rigidity of the mechanism and determined the material of the device. After obtaining the model, we will perform a static analysis on the final state of the finger to ensure the safety of the device.
Adaptive Control of pH Neutralization Process based on Feedback Linearization Technique
Authors: Hamad Eljack Elameen Mohanad , Bahaeldin Musa Hago Mona , Tan Wen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a nonlinear adaptive controller for pH neutralization process, which is difficult to control due to its nonlinear dynamics, sensibility to small disturbance and time-varying characteristics. Special attention is paid to the effect of internal perturbations and external disturbances typically present in the chemical process. In this work, the performance of the adaptive nonlinear controller based on feedback linearization (FL) is compared with the performance of a conventional PID controller for pH control. It is shown that conventional PID controller rejects input disturbances with poor performance, and the proposed control technique can reject the input disturbances from the control signal and then recovers linear reference tracking very well.
A real-time dynamic path planning method combining artificial potential field method and biased target RRT algorithm
Authors: Yingqi Xi , Wei Shen , Wen Zhang , Jingqiao Liu , Qinhui Liu , Han Shi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of path planning for mobile robots in dynamic environment, based on the comprehensive analysis of multiple path planning algorithms, an improved algorithm based on fast-spreading random tree algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm effectively combines the artificial potential field(APF) method with the biased target RRT algorithm, and judges the local minimum point in the process of solving the APF method to complete the switching with the biased target RRT algorithm. The motion environment simulation model is established in the Python environment, and the path planning simulation case of the mobile robot in the dynamic environment is completed. The simulation results show that the combined algorithm can avoid the phenomenon that the APF method falls into the local minimum point while taking the global and real-time performance into account, reduce the planning time of the biased target RRT algorithm, and improve the quality of path generation.
Research on the development status of AGV parking robot based on patent analysis
Authors: Shen Kai , Qiu Qiufei , Wu Qiaoling , Lin Zhijian , Wu Yeqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the increasing severity of parking problems, intelligent parking garages are gaining popularity. By the application in intelligent parking garages, AGV robot has opened a new application scenario after industrial and logistics fields. Dozens of enterprises have developed related products. Based on patent analysis method, the development trend, key technologies, regional distribution, advanced agencies and technology roadmap of AGV parking robot are clarified, to provide intelligence support for further development of related technologies and products. Research results indicate that AGV parking robot related technologies are booming. China exhibits great R&D enthusiasm towards this field in recent years, and has applied a large number of patents. In terms of vehicle exchange technologies, mechanical arm-based exchange and board based-exchange are key R&D types. In terms of vehicle guidance schemes, laser navigation, magnetic navigation, electromagnetic navigation and visual navigation are mainstream. Moreover, the improvement of driving mechanism, actuating mechanism and positioning mechanism of AGV parking robot, and the integration of AGV parking robot with stereo garage are the development trends of this field. Thus, countermeasures and suggestions are presented for the enterprises to further develop AGV parking robot related technologies.
Local path planning of mobile robot based on self-adaptive dynamic window approach
Authors: Zhang Jian hua , Feng Qi , Zhao Ai di , He Wei , Hao Xun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) is widely used in the local path planning of mobile robot. DWA algorithm has the advantages of simple planning algorithm and good realtime performance. However, the DWA exists unreachable target point, unreasonable path planning in the dense obstacles and it cannot ensure both speed and security. Therefore, an online parameter self-adaptive DWA algorithm is proposed to automatically adjust the weight of the objective function on the basis of the size of alternative velocity space and the distance between the mobile robot to the target point. By adapting to the dynamic changes of the environment, the optimal running speed and reasonable path of mobile robot can be obtained. The simulation verified that the mobile robot can pass through the dense obstacles area and reach the target point safely and reliably. And the problems that the robot might move around the dense obstacles and result in an unsmooth path are avoided. and the operational efficiency of the mobile robot is ensured simultaneously.
Electrical characterization of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites for future metasurface antenna applications
Authors: Ali A K M Shafaat , Ahmed Irfan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite samples are explored in order to evaluate their feasibility and adaptability for use in future metasurface antenna application. Multi-layer GFRP composite samples are fabricated with a proportionate ratio of resins and fiber using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technique. N type to waveguide (WR-187) adapter specially designed for electrical characterization of these GFRP composite samples is used. Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration technique is used for the test setup, and scattering parameters of these GFRP samples is measured by using the manufactured adapter along with the sample holder on a two port Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of GFRP composite samples are computed using Nicholson-Ross-Weir (NRW) and New Non-Iterative conversion methods. The comparative analyses of both methods showed a very good agreement between them. The GFRP sample with the lowest relative permittivity is short listed for its possible application in future metasurface antenna.
Importance of trade dependencies for agricultural inputs: a case study of Finland
Authors: Lehikoinen Elina , Kinnunen Pekka , Piipponen Johannes , Heslin Alison , Puma Michael J , Kummu Matti 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Approximately 80% of the world’s population lives in countries that are dependent on food imports to sustain an adequate food supply. Besides these food imports, further dependencies also arise due to the requirements for agricultural inputs, including energy, fertilisers, feed and agricultural machinery. While the trade of agricultural inputs is relatively well represented in economic analysis, the quantification is often in terms of monetary values, and thus the assessments of the actual input quantities are very limited. In this paper, we develop a framework for analysis of the traded input quantities at the country-level and demonstrate its utility through an in-depth analysis of Finland’s dependency on agricultural inputs. Further, we assess the importance of these inputs for domestic food production from a resilience perspective. We find that Finland, a country with relatively high food self-sufficiency but also a great dependency on imported agricultural inputs, experienced an increase in its dependency over the period 1996–2016. In case of trading partners, the story is more mixed: while trading partners for soybeans increased, those decreased in case of electricity while no significant change was observed in other commodities. In Finland, the rapeseed dependency on imports (ratio of net imports and consumption) grew from around 0% to almost 50% between the years 1987–2013. Changes for electricity remained substantially smaller, with dependency only slightly growing during the study period. Crude oil and soybean supplies are totally dependent on imports as neither is produced in Finland. Interestingly, the highest dependencies for agricultural inputs were on different countries than that for foodstuff imports. Thus, when identifying and assessing approaches to increase resilience to trade-related shocks, it is essential to understand both foodstuff and agricultural input dependencies within the global food system.
Potent germline-like monoclonal antibodies: rapid identification of promising candidates for antibody-based antiviral therapy
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyi , Yu Fei , Wu Yanling , Ying Tianlei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are making up an increasing share of the pharmaceutical market. However, to improve affinity and efficacy of antibodies, many somatic hypermutations could be introduced during affinity maturation, which cause several issues including safety and efficacy and limit their application in clinic. Here, we propose a special class of human mAbs with limited level of somatic mutations, referred to as germline-like mAbs. Remarkably, germline-like mAbs could have high affinity and potent neutralizing activity in vitro and in various animal models, despite lacking of extensive affinity maturation. Furthermore, the germline nature of these mAbs implies that they exhibit lower immunogenicity and can be elicited relatively fast in vivo compared with highly somatically mutated antibodies. In this review, we summarize germline-like mAbs with strong therapeutic and protection activity against various viruses that caused large-scale outbreaks in the last decade, including influenza virus H7N9, Zika virus, Dengue virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We also illustrate underlying molecular mechanisms of these germline-like antibodies against viral infections from the structural and genetic perspective, thus providing insight into further development as therapeutic agents for the treatment of infectious diseases and implication for rational design of effective vaccines.