bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statics and Dynamics of V-Shaped Microbeams Under Axial Forces
Authors: Ouakad Hassen M. , Alcheikh Nouha , Mbarek Sofiane Ben , Rocha Rodrigo , Younis Mohammad I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work proposes an examination into the static and dynamic behaviors of in-plane V-shaped microbeam under both electric forces and axial loads. The microbeams are actuated with two separate electrodes of uniform air gap across their length. The effects of the initial rise and DC bias voltage are examined while varying the axial loads ranging from compressive to tensile. The numerical analysis is based on a nonlinear equation of motion of a shallow V-shaped microbeam. The static and eigenvalue problem were solved using a modal expansion based reduced-order modeling for numerous equilibrium positions. The analytical model is validated by comparing to an experimental case study. The results show rich and diverse static and dynamic behavior. It is shown that the microbeam may exhibit only the pull-in or snap-through and pull-in instabilities. Various multistate and hysterics behaviors are demonstrated when varying the actuation forces and the initial rise. High tunability is demonstrated when varying the axial and DC loads for the first two symmetric vibration modes. With various axial load and DC actuation options and different geometrical configurations, this particular V-shaped microbeam shows a capacity of increasing the static deflection range before pull-in, allowing more variation of its fundamental natural frequency. Therefore, it could be more promising for the realization of different wide-range tunable microresonator as compared to the regular straight and even bell-shaped microbeams. These results are very useful in microscale applications that can be benefit for designing some structures with low power consumption, high sensitivity, and wide tuning range. Such rich behavior can be very useful for high-performance microscale applications designs.
Squeak and Rattle Prevention by Geometric Variation Management Using a Two-Stage Evolutionary Optimization Approach
Authors: Bayani Mohsen , Wickman Casper , Lindkvist Lars , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Squeak and rattle are annoying sounds that are often regarded as failure indicators by car users. Geometric variation is a key contributor to the generation of squeak and rattle sounds. Optimization of the connection configuration in assemblies can be a provision to minimize this risk. However, the optimization process for large assemblies can be computationally expensive. The focus of this work is to propose a two-stage evolutionary optimization scheme to find the fittest connection configurations that minimize the risk for squeak and rattle. This was done by defining the objective functions as the measured variation and deviation in the rattle direction and the squeak plane. In the first stage, the location of the fasteners primarily contributing to the rattle direction measures is identified. In the second stage, fasteners primarily contributing to the squeak plane measures are added to the fittest configuration from phase one. It was assumed that the fasteners from the squeak group plane have a lower-order effect on the rattle direction measures, compared to the fasteners from the rattle direction group. This assumption was falsified for a set of simplified geometries. Also, a new uniform space filler algorithm was introduced to efficiently generate an inclusive and feasible starting population for the optimization process by incorporating the problem constraints in the algorithm. For two industrial cases, it was shown that by using the proposed two-stage optimization scheme, the variation and deviation measures in critical interfaces for squeak and rattle improved compared to the baseline results.
Computational and Experimental Analysis of a Compact Combustor Integrated Into a JetCat P90 RXi
Authors: Holobeny Daniel , Bohan Brian T. , Polanka Marc D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ultra compact combustors (UCCs) look to reduce the overall combustor length and weight in modern gas turbine engines. Previously, a UCC achieved self-sustained operation at subidle speeds in a JetCat P90 RXi turbine engine with a length savings of 33% relative to the stock combustor. However, that combustor experienced flameout as reactions were pushed out of the primary zone before achieving mass flow rates at the engine's idle condition. A new combustor that utilized a bluff body flame stabilization with a larger combustor volume looked to keep reactions in the primary zone within the same axial dimensions. This design was investigated computationally for generalized flow patterns, pressure losses, exit temperature profiles, and reaction distributions at three engine power conditions. The computational results showed the validity of this new UCC, with a turbine inlet temperature of 1080 K and a pattern factor (PF) of 0.67 at the cruise condition. The combustor was then built and tested in the JetCat P90 RXi with rotating turbomachinery and gaseous propane fuel. The combustor maintained a stable flame from ignition through the 36,000 revolutions per minute idle condition. The engine ran self-sustained from 25,000 to 36,000 revolutions per minute with an average exit gas temperature of 980 K, which is comparable to the stock engine.
Influence of Flue Gas Pattern Flow in Boiler Radiant Section on Heat Transfer
Authors: Jaćimović Branislav , Genić Srbislav , Jaćimović Nikola 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the sizing of the radiant zone in boilers and furnaces, the most often used method is the Lobo-Evans model. This method is based on the perfect mixing model for flue gas flow inside the fire box, which represents a conservative or pessimistic flow pattern. This paper presents a different, optimistic model which is based on the plug flow for flue gas flow which results in the largest possible heat duty. The proposed model is given in two distinct forms—integral and numerical. As shown in the paper, the integral model results in small deviations with respect to the numerical model and, as such, is well suited for the engineering practice. Paper also presents an engineering approach to the calculation of the conductive heat transfer through the membrane wall, which is shown to be sufficiently accurate and simple for engineering calculations.
The Role of Stress-Induced Changes of Homer1 Expression in Stress Susceptibility
Authors: Reshetnikov Vasiliy V. , Bondar Natalia P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Stress negatively affects processes of synaptic plasticity and is a major risk factor of various psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. HOMER1 is an important component of the postsynaptic density: constitutively expressed long isoforms HOMER1b and HOMER1c bind to group I metabotropic glutamate receptors MGLUR1 (GRM1) and MGLUR5 and to other effector proteins, thereby forming a postsynaptic protein scaffold. Activation of the GLUR1–HOMER1b,c and/or GLUR5–HOMER1b,c complex regulates activity of the NMDA and AMPA receptors and Ca2+ homeostasis, thus modulating various types of synaptic plasticity. Dominant negative transcript Homer1a is formed as a result of activity-induced alternative termination of transcription. Expression of this truncated isoform in response to neuronal activation impairs interactions of HOMER1b,c with adaptor proteins, triggers ligand-independent signal transduction through MGLUR1 and/or MGLUR5, leads to suppression of the AMPA- and NMDA-mediated signal transmission, and thereby launches remodeling of the postsynaptic protein scaffold and inhibits long-term potentiation. The studies on animal models confirm that the HOMER1a-dependent remodeling most likely plays an important part in the stress susceptibility, whereas HOMER1a itself can be regarded as a neuroprotector. In this review article, we consider the effects of different stressors in various animal models on HOMER1 expression as well as impact of different HOMER1 variants on human behavior as well as structural and functional characteristics of the brain.
Loss of Gas7 Is a Key Metastatic Switch in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Menard Marie J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Metastatic spread to distant tissues and organs is responsible for most cancer-related mortalities. Changes in the invasiveness ability of metastatic tumor cells often come with significantly altered gene expression profiles compared with primary tumor cells. Identifying the main actors involved in the metastatic switch of tumor cells is key to proposed new therapeutic approaches. In this issue, the loss of growth-arrest specific 7 is described as one of the main events driving metastatic spread in neuroblastoma.
See related article by Dong et al., p. 2995
Modular Clause Composition in Plautus
Authors: Smith Joseph Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The iambic trimeters of Plautus are analyzed by syntactic boundaries and shown to be composed in a very narrow range of clause-measures using regular termini points in trimeters—line-end and the two caesuras. The five most frequently used syntactic measures account for half of trimeter composition. Plautus composed in modular units of syntax. This paper demonstrates: 1) the most frequent clause-type in Plautus’ trimeters is a trimeter in length, 2) the most frequent clause-type involving enjambment is exactly two trimeters in length, 3) certain clause-types appear with greater frequency in certain plays of Plautus, 4) clause-types can be shown to have distinctive, rhythmic cadences associated with each type. This modular method of clause composition must have been the product of its functional service to the playwright as he generated plays, to the actors who memorized them, and to the audience who heard discourse delivered in regular clause-packets.
<p class="NormalParagraphStyle"><strong>Authorship and date of five family-series nomina in Oligochaeta (Annelida): </strong><strong>Lumbricidae, Naididae, Enchytraeidae, Tubificidae and Lumbriculidae</strong></p>
Authors: VAN HAAREN TON , MARTIN PATRICK , DUBOIS ALAIN 
Published: June 2021

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Anonymous 1999; ‘the Code’ below) provides Rules for the nomenclature of the ‘names of the group family’, or family-series nomina (Dubois 2000). These Rules have long been ignored or disregarded by some taxonomists, so that the authorship(s) and date(s) currently attached in the literature and in some taxonomic online databases to some family-series nomina of Annelida Oligochaeta[1] prove to be wrong according to the Code. For example, the database Taxonomicon <http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/> credits the nomina Naididae to Ehrenberg (1828), Tubificidae to Vejdovský (1876), Enchytraeidae to Vejdovský (1879) and Lumbriculidae to Vejdovský (1884a). Vejdovský (1884b: 59) also claimed authorship for the nomen Lumbricidae. All of these attributions are incorrect, as will be established below through a chronological survey of the relevant works where these nomina were made available. [1] The nomen Oligochaeta is here used in its original sense (Grube 1850), i.e. excluding the Hirudinea.
A Model Study of the Role of Convection in Westerly Wind Burst Dynamics
Authors: Fu Minmin , Tziperman Eli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWesterly wind bursts (WWBs) are anomalous surface wind gusts that play an important role in ENSO dynamics. Previous studies have identified several mechanisms that may be involved in the dynamics of WWBs. In particular, many have examined the importance of atmospheric deep convection to WWBs, including convection due to tropical cyclones, equatorial waves, and the Madden–Julian oscillation. Still, the WWB mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate the location of atmospheric convection which leads to WWBs and the role of positive feedbacks involving surface evaporation. We find that disabling surface flux feedbacks a few days before a WWB peaks does not weaken the event, arguing against local surface flux feedbacks serving as a WWB growth mechanism on individual events. On the other hand, directly suppressing convection by inhibiting latent heat release or eliminating surface evaporation rapidly weakens a WWB. By selectively suppressing convection near or farther away from the equator, we find that convection related to off-equatorial cyclonic vortices is most important to equatorial WWB winds, while on-equator convection is unimportant. Despite the strong resemblance of WWB wind patterns to the Gill response to equatorial heating, our findings indicate that equatorial convection is not necessary for WWBs to develop. Our conclusions are consistent with the idea that tropical cyclones, generally occurring more than 5° away from the equator, may be responsible for the majority of WWBs.
Saturation of the internal tide over the inner continental shelf. Part II: Parameterization
Authors: Becherer Johannes , Moum James N. , Calantoni Joseph , Colosi John A. , Barth John A. , Lerczak James A. , McSweeney Jacqueline M. , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Waterhouse Amy F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere, we develop a framework for understanding the observations presented in the accompanying paper (Part I) by Becherer et al. (2021). In this framework, the internal tide saturates as it shoals due to amplitude limitation with decreasing water depth (H). From this framework evolves estimates of averaged energetics of the internal tide; specifically, energy, 〈APE〉, energy flux, 〈FE〉, and energy flux divergence, ∂x 〈FE〉. Since we observe that 〈D〉 ≈ ∂x 〈FE〉, we also interpret our estimate of ∂x 〈FE〉 as 〈D〉. These estimates represent a parameterization of the energy in the internal tide as it saturates over the inner continental shelf. The parameterization depends solely on depth-mean stratification and bathymetry. A summary result is that the cross-shelf depth dependencies of 〈APE〉, 〈FE〉 and ∂x 〈FE〉 are analogous to those for shoaling surface gravity waves in the surf zone, suggesting that the inner shelf is the surf zone for the internal tide. A test of our simple parameterization against a range of data sets suggests that it is broadly applicable.
A Global Tropical Survey of Mid-Tropospheric Cyclones
Authors: Kushwaha Pradeep , Sukhatme Jai , Nanjundiah Ravi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMid-Tropospheric Cyclones (MTCs) are moist synoptic systems with distinct mid-tropospheric vorticity maxima and weak signatures in the lower troposphere. Composites and statistics of tropical MTCs are constructed and compared with monsoon lows and depressions (together, lower troposphere cyclones; LTCs). We begin with South Asia, where tracking reveals that MTCs change character during their life, i.e., their track is composed of MTC and LTC phases. The highest MTC-phase density and least motion is over the Arabian Sea, followed by the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea. An MTC-phase composite shows an east-west tilted warm above deep cold-core temperature anomaly with maximum vorticity at 600 hPa. In contrast, the LTC-phase shows a shallow cold-core below 800 hPa and a warm upright temperature anomaly with a lower tropospheric vorticity maximum. Globally, systems with MTC-like morphology are observed over the west and central Africa, east and west Pacific in boreal summer. In boreal winter, regions that support MTCs include northern Australia, the southern Indian Ocean, and South Africa. MTC fraction is higher equatorward where there is a cross-equatorial low-level jet that advects oppositely signed vorticity. Whereas LTCs are more prevalent further poleward. Finally, a histogram of differential vorticity (the difference between middle and lower levels) versus the height of peak vorticity for cyclonic centers is shown to be bimodal. One peak, around 600 hPa, corresponds to MTCs, while the second, at approximately 900 hPa, comes from LTCs. Thus, moist cyclonic systems in the tropics have a natural tendency to reside in either the MTC or LTC category.
The Impact of a Midlevel Dry Airflow Layer on Deep Convection in the Pre-Gabrielle (2013) Tropical Disturbance on 4–5 September
Authors: Helms Charles N. , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOn 4–5 September 2013, a relatively shallow layer of northerly dry airflow was observed just west of the core deep convection associated with the low-level center of the pre-Gabrielle (2013) tropical disturbance. Shortly thereafter, the core deep convection of the disturbance collapsed after having persisted for well over 24 h. The present study provides an in-depth analysis of the interaction between this dry airflow layer and the pre-Gabrielle disturbance core deep convection using a combination of observations, reanalysis fields, and idealized simulations. Based on the analysis, we conclude that the dry airflow layer played an important role in the collapse of the core deep convection in the pre-Gabrielle disturbance. Furthermore, we found that the presence of storm-relative flow was critical to the inhibitive effects of the dry airflow layer on deep convection. The mechanism by which the dry airflow layer inhibited deep convection was found to be enhanced dry air entrainment.
Dynamic Nomogram for Predicting Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zhuo Xianhua , Yu Jiandong , Chen Zhiping , Lin Zeyu , Huang Xiaoming , Chen Qin , Zhu Hongquan , Wan Yunle 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo establish a dynamic nomogram based on preoperative clinical data for prediction of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University.MethodsThe data of 477 patients from 2 centers formed the training group and validation group and were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative clinical factors influencing LLNM were identified by univariable and multivariable analysis and were to construct a predictive dynamic nomogram for LLNM. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive power of the nomogram.ResultsThe following were identified as independent risk factors for LLNM: male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 4.6, P =. 04), tumor size ≥10.5 mm (OR = 7.9, P =. 008), thyroid nodules (OR = 6.1, P =. 013), irregular tumor shape (OR = 24.6, P =. 001), rich lymph node vascularity (OR = 9.7, P =. 004), and lymph node location. The dynamic nomogram constructed with these factors is available at https://zxh1119.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/. The nomogram showed good performance, with an area under the curve of 0.956 (95% CI, 0.925‐0.986), a sensitivity of 0.87, and a specificity of 0.91, if high‐risk patients were defined as those with a predicted probability ≥0.3 or total score ≥200. The nomogram performed well in the external validation cohort (area under the curve, 0.915; 95% CI, 0.862‐0.967).ConclusionsThe dynamic nomogram for preoperative prediction of LLNM in papillary thyroid carcinoma can help surgeons identify high‐risk patients and develop individualized treatment plans.
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the activation of tissue factor–mediated coagulation via activation of acid sphingomyelinase
Authors: Wang Jue , Pendurthi Usha R. , Yi Guohua , Rao L. Vijaya Mohan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with the hypercoagulable state. Tissue factor (TF) is the primary cellular initiator of coagulation. Most of the TF expressed on cell surfaces remains cryptic. Sphingomyelin (SM) is responsible for maintaining TF in the encrypted state, and hydrolysis of SM by acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) increases TF activity. ASMase was shown to play a role in virus infection biology. In the present study, we investigated the role of ASMase in SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced TF procoagulant activity. Infection of human monocyte–derived macrophages (MDMs) with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus (SARS-CoV-2–SP-PV) markedly increased TF procoagulant activity at the cell surface and released TF+ extracellular vesicles. The pseudovirus infection did not increase either TF protein expression or phosphatidylserine externalization. SARS-CoV-2–SP-PV infection induced the translocation of ASMase to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, which led to the hydrolysis of SM in the membrane. Pharmacologic inhibitors or genetic silencing of ASMase attenuated SARS-CoV-2–SP-PV–induced increased TF activity. Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, attenuated SARS-CoV-2–SP-PV–induced increased TF activity. Overall, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the coagulation by decrypting TF through activation of ASMase. Our data suggest that the US Food and Drug Administration–approved functional inhibitors of ASMase may help treat hypercoagulability in patients with COVID-19.
Boosting scRNA-seq data clustering by cluster-aware feature weighting
Authors: Li Rui-Yi , Guan Jihong , Zhou Shuigeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the exploration of cell heterogeneity, which is usually done by scRNA-seq data clustering. The essence of scRNA-seq data clustering is to group cells by measuring the similarities among genes/transcripts of cells. And the selection of features for cell similarity evaluation is of great importance, which will significantly impact clustering effectiveness and efficiency.

Results
In this paper, we propose a novel method called CaFew to select genes based on cluster-aware feature weighting. By optimizing the clustering objective function, CaFew obtains a feature weight matrix, which is further used for feature selection. The genes have large weights in at least one cluster or the genes whose weights vary greatly in different clusters are selected. Experiments on 8 real scRNA-seq datasets show that CaFew can obviously improve the clustering performance of existing scRNA-seq data clustering methods. Particularly, the combination of CaFew with SC3 achieves the state-of-art performance. Furthermore, CaFew also benefits the visualization of scRNA-seq data.

Conclusion
CaFew is an effective scRNA-seq data clustering method due to its gene selection mechanism based on cluster-aware feature weighting, and it is a useful tool for scRNA-seq data analysis.
Instance-based error correction for short reads of disease-associated genes
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liu Yuansheng , Yu Zuguo , Blumenstein Michael , Hutvagner Gyorgy , Li Jinyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Genomic reads from sequencing platforms contain random errors. Global correction algorithms have been developed, aiming to rectify all possible errors in the reads using generic genome-wide patterns. However, the non-uniform sequencing depths hinder the global approach to conduct effective error removal. As some genes may get under-corrected or over-corrected by the global approach, we conduct instance-based error correction for short reads of disease-associated genes or pathways. The paramount requirement is to ensure the relevant reads, instead of the whole genome, are error-free to provide significant benefits for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or variant calling studies on the specific genes.

Results
To rectify possible errors in the short reads of disease-associated genes, our novel idea is to exploit local sequence features and statistics directly related to these genes. Extensive experiments are conducted in comparison with state-of-the-art methods on both simulated and real datasets of lung cancer associated genes (including single-end and paired-end reads). The results demonstrated the superiority of our method with the best performance on precision, recall and gain rate, as well as on sequence assembly results (e.g., N50, the length of contig and contig quality).

Conclusion
Instance-based strategy makes it possible to explore fine-grained patterns focusing on specific genes, providing high precision error correction and convincing gene sequence assembly. SNP case studies show that errors occurring at some traditional SNP areas can be accurately corrected, providing high precision and sensitivity for investigations on disease-causing point mutations.