bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide profiling and identification of insulin signaling pathway genes of subterranean termite castes
Authors: Haroon  , Li Yu‐Xin , Ye Chen‐Xu , Ma Xiao‐Qin , Su Jian , Su Xiao‐Hong , Xing Lian‐Xi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAging and longevity is a dynamic, chronological process assumed to originate from several hallmarks causing archetypal and beguiling cycles with incredible natural diversity. This phenomenon is widely observed in different animals, and the estimated age of Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Daphnia longispina are a few days to weeks. Reproductive termites live for 30 years, although the root cause of longevity in termite castes is still debated for molecular and cellular changes. Insulin and insulin signaling pathway‐related (IIS) genes are important metabolic factors (glucose) highly conserved in lower to higher organisms. Therefore, in this study, we pooled Reticulitermes chinensis castes as primary king (PK), primary queen (PQ), ergatoid king “SWRK” and queen “SWRQ”, male (WM), and female (WF) workers. We determined transcriptome sequencing of R. chinensis castes as a model organism for longevity to investigate the insulin signaling pathway and longevity genes. Through RNA‐sequencing, we identified 35 IIS‐pathway‐related genes out of 343 to the KEGG pathway in ergatoid king and queen, PK, PQ, WM, and WF. Among these genes, Tsc2, akt2‐a, mTOR, EIF4E, Pdk1, and RPS expressed highly in ergatoid king and queen, PK, and PQ. However, a significant cornerstone tradeoff between reproductive and non‐reproductive efforts for early life is essential for evolutionary longevity. The present study concludes that a highly conserved IIS‐pathway is evidence for the prolonged termite reproductive life span. We recommended devoting insulin signaling pathway genes to their biological function for termite survival and new insights into the maintenance and relationships between biomolecular homeostasis and remarkable longevity.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study from the Danish nationwide DD2 cohort
Authors: Olesen Søren Schou , Svane Helene Matilde Lundsgaard , Nicolaisen Sia Kromann , Kristensen Jette Kolding , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Brandslund Ivan , Beck‐Nielsen Henning , Nielsen Jens Steen , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a common metabolic sequalae of acute and chronic pancreatitis. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to examine the proportion of PPDM among patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark and their clinical and biochemical characteristics.MethodsWe identified all past diagnoses of pancreatitis among patients in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort through linkage with national health registries. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes we categorized patients as PPDM and further divided them into acute/chronic subtypes (PPDM‐A and PPDM‐C). We assessed PPDM prevalence and examined associations with clinical and biochemical parameters using log binomial or Poisson regression to calculate age‐/sex‐adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs).ResultsAmong 5564 patients with a clinical diagnosis of T2D, 78 (1.4%) had PPDM. Compared to T2D, PPDM patients were more often underweight or normal weight (body mass index ≤25.0 kg/m2: aPR 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6‐3.2) and had lower waist‐to‐hip ratio (≤0.95/≤0.80 in men/women: aPRs 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2‐2.7). PPDM patients had lower plasma amylase levels (<17 U/L: aPRs 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1‐4.3), higher insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment 2S [HOMA2S] >63: aPR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2‐3.2) and tended to have worse glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥8.0%: aPRs 1.4; 95% CI: 0.8‐2.4). PPDM‐A was largely indistinguishable from T2D, whereas PPDM‐C had impaired insulin secretion, higher insulin sensitivity, and worse glycemic control.ConclusionsThe proportion of PPDM among patients with clinically diagnosed T2D is ~1.5% in an everyday clinical care setting. Glucose metabolism of PPDM‐A is largely indistinguishable from T2D, whereas PPDM‐C differs in relation to insulin secretion and sensitivity.
The trade and welfare impacts of the U.S. retaliatory tariff on EU olive oil
Authors: Hammami A. Malek , Beghin John C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate the welfare and trade impacts of U.S. retaliatory tariffs from the Airbus WTO dispute on EU olive oil, using a calibrated multi‐market partial‐equilibrium displacement model. The model accounts for four differentiated types of retail olive oil in the U.S. market. U.S. retailer‐blenders source olive oil in eight foreign markets and domestically and for two qualities of oil (virgin, other), and in two shipping container types (non‐bulk, bulk). We consider two main scenarios: A 100% tariff on all EU olive oils as initially announced by the USTR, and the actual and final 25% tariff on non‐bulk Spanish olive oil. The first scenario leads to significant loss of welfare for U.S. consumers of $924 million, much reduced EU olive oil exports to the United States ($360 million), and increased imports from non‐EU sources ($90 million). The second scenario has much more muted effects, with mitigated welfare losses for U.S. consumers ($55 million), strong decreases of Spanish olive oil exports shipped in smaller containers, much larger exports of bulk Spanish olive oil and other olive oils. Aggregate EU exports to the United States are slightly lower given the substantial trade diversion induced by the targeted tariff. We discuss the political economy of the contrasting initial announcement and limited implemented retaliation.
Disrupting archives: Empire, extractivism, and the visual trace in photographs of rural agricultural Puerto Rico, 1941–1942
Authors: Diaz Ileana I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArchives can be rich sources of information, yet they are also very often built within the violent processes of empire‐building, setting the stage for how knowledge about colonised places are constructed, disrupted, and how their histories are understood. Archives often tell us more about power and the kinds of knowledge that were important to imperial powers than the people and places disrupted by empire. This necessitates careful consideration of the archive itself, and not simply the information it contains. The relationship between the visual aspects of the archive and the ways that we come to know about colonised sites is the focus of this paper. Focusing on photos of rural Puerto Rico taken after The Depression (circa 1941–1942), this paper builds an understanding of archives as sites that can be transformed into conceptual or imaginary space that exists outside of the original purposes of the archives. This space is reliant on the willingness of those who encounter archives to read beyond what they are presented with. This in turn allows for careful reading of the traces and possibilities inside archives that subvert their seemingly totalising narrative.
How to evaluate a flexible ureterorenoscope? Systematic mapping of existing evaluation methods
Authors: Hendriks Nora , Henderickx Michaël M.E.L. , Schout Barbara M.A. , Baard Joyce , van Etten‐Jamaludin Faridi S. , Beerlage Harrie P. , Pelger Rob C.M. , Kamphuis Guido M. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify, map and review scope‐related and user‐related parameters used to evaluate the quality of flexible ureterorenoscopes. Thereby identifying key items and variability in grading systems.MethodsA literature search of four databases (MEDLINE [Ovid], EMBASE [Ovid], Web of Science, Google scholar and the Cochrane Library) was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines encompassing articles published up to August 2020. A total of 2386 articles were screened.ResultsA total of 48 articles were included in this systematic scoping review. All studies had a prospective design. Five key items in the assessment of flexible ureterorenoscopy were distinguished: ‘Manoeuvrability’ (87.5%), ‘Optics’ (64.6%), ‘Irrigation’ (56.3%), ‘Handling’ (39.6%) and ‘Durability’ (35.4%). After regrouping, every key item could be divided into specific subcategories. However, the quality assessment showed a wide variation in denomination, method of measurement, circumstances of measurement, tools used during measurements, number of measurements performed, number of observers, and units of outcomes.ConclusionThe research field regarding quality assessment of ureterorenoscopes is heterogeneous. In this systematic scoping review we identified five key parameters: Manoeuvrability, Optics, Irrigation, Handling and Durability, used to grade flexible ureterorenoscopes. However, within these categories we found a wide variety in terms of method of measurements. A standardised, uniform grading tool is required to assess and compare the quality of flexible ureterorenoscopes in the future.
Chlorite coating patterns and reservoir quality in deep marine depositional systems – Example from the Cretaceous Agat Formation, Northern North Sea, Norway
Authors: Hansen Henrik Nygaard , Løvstad Kristoffer , Lageat Gildas , Clerc Sylvain , Jahren Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSediment gravity flows transport large volumes of sand and clay minerals into submarine systems, which store some of the world's major reserves of oil and gas. However, knowledge about grain‐coating clay mineral formation and its role in preserving reservoir quality in deep marine settings is poorly documented. Here we present a case study on the Agat Formation, a deep marine deposit interpreted as a series of turbidites, using a multimethod approach including petrographical, petrophysical and sedimentological data. This study investigates the occurrence and origin of chlorite coating and demonstrates how extensive chlorite coating substantially affects reservoir quality. The presence of green marine clay pellets suggests an initial shallow marine origin and sedimentological evidence reveals that the sediments were later remobilized by gravity flows and deposited at their present location. We suggest that the precursor clay coating was emplaced prior to sediment remobilization because of the presence of clay coating on grain contacts and all detrital components, the continuous nature of coating and the lack of clay bridges between the grains. Therefore, the origin of chlorite coating in deep marine environments may be recognized using the characteristic properties of inherited precursor clay coating. Chlorite coating thickness varies between an upper and lower sand unit, with an average of ca. 4.5 µm and ca. 24 µm, respectively. Permeability is significantly reduced in the interval with exceedingly thick chlorite coating but shows only a subtle decrease in helium porosity. This study enlightens the importance of crucially evaluating porosity in sandstones with thick chlorite coating using a multimethod approach. The results from this study can be useful in future exploration endeavours in the area and in other deep marine systems with a similar setting worldwide.
Therapeutic potential of ferulic acid and its derivatives in Alzheimer’s disease—A systematic review
Authors: Phadke Apoorva V. , Tayade Apurva A. , Khambete Mihir P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily caused by accumulation of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide extracellularly and neurofibrillary tangles intracellularly. Recently, it has been shown that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysregulation play an important role in pathology of AD. Therefore, modulating various targets such as Aβ aggregation, neuro‐inflammation, and oxidative stress, genetic factors such as Apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) are some of the ways to manage AD. Studying the natural products which can act as multifunctional agents could be key toward discovering new therapeutics. Ferulic acid (FA) represents one such natural product, which has exhibited great potential in this regard. Found in the plant cell walls, FA is an antioxidant, free radical scavenger with anti‐inflammatory activity. Taking this into consideration, over the years, various derivatives have been reported as anti‐AD molecules based on structure of FA. The present review explores the role of FA and its derivatives as therapeutic agents in AD.
Finding the needle in the haystack: the diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer in younger symptomatic patients
Authors: D’Souza Nigel , Monahan Kevin , Benton Sally C. , Wilde Lisa , Abulafi Muti ,   the NICE FIT Steering Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimDetection of early onset colorectal cancer is challenging, and remains a rare diagnosis amongst younger people with gastrointestinal symptoms. We investigated whether faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) could identify younger patients at higher risk of colorectal cancer or serious bowel disease including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or advanced adenomas.MethodsA subgroup analysis was performed of symptomatic patients under 50 years of age (<50) from the NICE FIT study, a multicentre, prospective diagnostic accuracy study of FIT conducted between October 2017 and December 2019. The diagnostic accuracy of FIT for colorectal cancer and serious bowel disease was investigated in younger patients at different faecal haemoglobin (f‐Hb) cut‐offs of 2, 10 and 150 µg blood/g faeces (µg/g).ResultsEarly onset colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 1.5% (16/1103) of younger symptomatic patients. The sensitivity of FIT for younger patients aged <50 was 87.5% (95% CI 61.7%–98.4%), 81.3% (54.4%–96.0%) and 68.8% (41.3%–89.0%) at f‐Hb cut‐offs of 2, 10 and 150 µg/g, respectively. The positive predictive value for colorectal cancer increased from 4.2% (2.3%–6.9%) to 11.5% (5.9%–19.6%) at cut‐offs of 2 and 150 µg/g, while the positive predictive value for serious bowel disease increased from 31.3% (26.3%–36.5%) to 65.6% (55.2%–75.0%) at the same cut‐offs. The negative predictive value of FIT for colorectal cancer remained above 99.5% at all cut‐offs.ConclusionDetectable f‐Hb on FIT in symptomatic younger patients may indicate referral for investigation of colorectal cancer and serious bowel disease.
Investigation into the reaction of reactive dyes with carboxylate salts and the application of carboxylate‐modified reactive dyes to cotton
Authors: Lewis David M. , Broadbent Peter J. , Carr Chris M. , He Wei D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInk‐jet printing of cellulosic fabrics with reactive dyes typically requires that the fabric is pretreated with alkali, prior to printing, to facilitate efficient fixation of the dye. In this paper we evaluate the use of sodium formate and other carboxylate salts as a neutral (pH 6.5) pretreatment process. The thickened, prepared‐for‐print pad liquor contained at least 50 gdm−3 of the selected carboxylate salt and was applied to the cotton fabrics by a pad‐dry procedure. The fabric was then ink‐jet printed with reactive dye inks, followed by standard steaming and washing‐off processes. The pH of the carboxylate salt pretreatment was 6.5 and the aqueous extracts from the print fabrics at the end of the steaming process remained at pH 6.5. It was observed that even at pH 6.5, in the presence of selected carboxylates, significant reactive dye fixation could be achieved on a cotton substrate, whereas in the absence of the carboxylate, very little or even zero fixation was achieved. Infrared and capillary electrophoresis analyses of model reactions of reactive dyes with the carboxylate salts indicated that reactive ester residues were formed, and which subsequently promoted reaction with the cellulosic substrates. In addition to improving reactive dye fixation in ink‐jet printing, the carboxylate‐modified dyes were also demonstrated to improve long‐liquor dyeing properties on cotton substrates. As an extension of this carboxylate‐based printing process, the incorporation of lithium acetate (100 gdm−3) into the ink formulation was further studied and it was demonstrated that the necessity for a preparative pretreatment process could be eliminated.
Early post‐operative acute kidney injury after cardiac transplantation: Incidence and predictive factors
Authors: Jahangirifard Alireza , Ahmadi Zargham Hossein , Khalili Nastaran , Naghashzadeh Farah , Afshar Ali , Amiri Arvin , Dalili Nooshin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation, as a therapeutic option for patients with advanced heart failure, possesses a high rate of morbidity and mortality. One of the complications associated with this procedure is the development of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI)Material and methodsWe aimed to evaluate the incidence of early postoperative AKI and the need for continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT) after heart transplantation. Data of 126 patients who underwent heart transplantation from January 2015 to November 2019 were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the predictors of postoperative AKI.ResultsOut of 126 patients, 74 (58.7 %) developed AKI and 13 (10%) required RRT after transplant. Independent predictors of AKI are shown to be factors associated with surgical procedures such as graft ischemic time as were previous cardiac operation, administered Voluven (starch) dose > 400 ml, and transfusion of more than four blood units.ConclusionOur findings suggest that modifiable factors exist that can affect the risk of developing AKI following heart transplantation.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that have evaluated the role of mitochondrial function and iron metabolism in frailty
Authors: Tomkova Kristina , Pathak Suraj , Abbasciano Riccardo , Wozniak Marcin , Murphy Gavin J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrailty is a condition of global impairment due to depletion of physiological reserves. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. The aims of the current study were to identify the differences in mitochondrial function and iron metabolism between frail and nonfrail populations, and to investigate the contribution of different methodological approaches to the results. Searches were performed, using five online databases up to November 2019. Studies reporting measurements of mitochondrial function or iron metabolism in frail and nonfrail subjects or subjects with and without sarcopenia, were included. Pooled effect estimates were expressed as Standardized Mean Differences. Heterogeneity, expressed as I2, was explored using regression analyses. In total, 107 studies, reporting 75 measures of mitochondrial function or iron metabolism, using six different experimental approaches, in three species were identified. Significant decreases in measures of oxygen consumption were observed for frail humans but not in animal models. Conversely, no differences between frail and nonfrail humans were observed for apoptosis and autophagy, in contrast to animal models. The most significant effect of the type of frailty assessment was observed for respiratory chain complexes where only subjects categorized as frail by the Fried Frailty Index showed a significant decrease in activity. We identified iron metabolism in frailty as an important knowledge gap, highlighted the need of consistent frailty diagnostic tools, and pointed out the limited translational potential of animal models. Inconsistency between studies evaluating the molecular mechanisms underlying frailty may present a barrier to the development of effective therapies.
Cytomorphological features of cervical small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in SurePath™ liquid‐based cervical samples
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Suri Vanita , Rai Bhavana , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the cervix is a rare, highly aggressive tumour with poor prognosis and high propensity for distant metastases. The cytological features of SCNEC have rarely been described in cervical samples, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports using SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology. In the present report we present the cytomorphological features of histopathologically confirmed cases of cervical SCNEC in SurePath preparations. On cytological examination, all three cases demonstrated variable numbers of tumour cells, ranging from a few dispersed cells and tiny micro‐biopsies to large aggregates of small tumour cells with a high nucleus‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio, stippled chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. Immunocytochemistry for CD56 on the cervical preparation confirmed the diagnosis in one case. The presence of small tumour cells with characteristic stippled/salt‐and‐pepper type nuclear chromatin were the most consistent cytological features in these cases. Knowledge of these characteristic cytological features can help in suggesting a diagnosis of SCNEC in cervical samples which can then be confirmed by immunocytochemistry.
Cognitive function is an important determinant of employment amongst young ischaemic stroke survivors with good physical recovery
Authors: Samuelsson Hans , Viken Jo , Redfors Petra , Holmegaard Lukas , Blomstrand Christian , Jern Christina , Jood Katarina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThis cross‐sectional cohort study aims at investigating young ischaemic stroke survivors with good physical recovery 7 years post‐stroke in order to analyze the relation between late cognitive ability and employment.MethodsConsecutive ischaemic stroke survivors participating in the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke, <55 years of age at stroke onset, and with no or minimal persisting neurological deficits corresponding to a score ≤2 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at long‐term follow‐up 7 years post‐stroke were included. At this follow‐up, the participants were assessed with respect to general cognitive function, processing speed, executive functions, cardiovascular risk factors, self‐reported employment, cognitive difficulties, fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety and physical function.ResultsSeven years post‐stroke 112/142 (79%) had part‐time or full‐time work and 30/142 (21%) had full‐time disability pension or sick leave. Compared to those with full‐time disability pension or sick leave, participants with current employment demonstrated significantly better performance with respect to general cognitive function and processing speed, and significantly lower self‐ratings for cognitive difficulties, physical limitations, fatigue and depressed mood. Multivariable logistic regression selected self‐rated memory (odds ratio [OR] 2.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61–4.21), processing speed (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.67–7.33) and self‐rated communication skills (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.75–6.85) as most important correlates (area under the curve 0.83–0.87) of having current employment.ConclusionThis study indicates that cognitive dysfunction is an important contributor to long‐term work disability amongst young stroke survivors with good physical recovery.