bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomische Aspekte zur endoskopischen Dekompression beim Interosseus-anterior-Syndrom
Authors: Damert Hans-Georg , Fischer Karin , Rothkötter Hermann-Josef , Mehling Isabella 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Dekompression des Nervus interosseus anterior beim gleichnamigen Syndrom (syn. Kiloh-Nevin-Syndrom) kann sowohl offen als auch endoskopisch erfolgen. Bei der endoskopischen Dekompression dienen äußere anatomische Landmarken als Orientierung. Ziel der Studie war es, den Ort der Aufteilung des Nervus medianus im Verhältnis zum Ellenbogengelenk zu bestimmen, um so die Präparation bei der endoskopischen Dekompression zu erleichtern.
Material und Methoden An 31 Leichen wurde der Nervus medianus in seinem Verlauf präpariert und der Abgang des Nervus interosseus anterior in Bezug auf das Ellenbogengelenk untersucht. Als äußere anatomische Landmarke wurde eine Linie zwischen den Kondylen des distalen Humerus gezogen und die Distanz bis zum Abgang des Nervus interosseus anterior vom Nervus medianus bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Die anatomischen Untersuchungen erfolgten an 62 Armen. Es handelte sich um 11 Formalin-fixierte und 20 kälte-asservierte Leichen. Die interkondyläre Distanz betrug durchschnittlich 7,2 cm ± 0,5 (Min. 5,8; Max. 7,8). Der Abgang des N. interosseus anterior aus dem N. medianus fand sich durchschnittlich 39 mm ± 18 (Min. 8, Max. 80) distal der interkondylären Linie; 12-mal lag er weniger als 2 cm distal davon. Die Entfernung zwischen der interkondylären Linie und dem Abgang des N. interosseus posterior aus dem N. medianus korrelierte mit der Länge des Oberarmes, aber nicht mit dem Kondylenabstand.
Schlussfolgerung Der N. interosseus anterior zweigt im Mittel ca. 4 cm distal der interkondylären Linie aus dem N. medianus ab. In ca. 20 % liegt die Abzweigung des N. interosseus anterior aus dem N. medianus weniger als 2 cm distal der interkondylären Linie. Dies ist für die endoskopische Technik von Bedeutung und sollte beachtet werden.
Auftreten von Harnsteinen – alters-, rasse- und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Hunden aus Deutschland
Authors: Breu Doris , Stieger Nicole , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungErgebnisse Bei den Steinen handelte es sich um Struvit (44,7 %), Kalziumoxalat-Monohydrat (Whewellit, 24,5 %), Cystin (15,2 %), Ammoniumurat (5,3 %), Kalziumoxalat-Dihydrat (Weddellit, 4,4 %), Kalziumphosphat (1,6 %), Xanthin (1,2 %), Whewellit/Weddellit (1,1 %), Brushit (0,4 %) und andere Substanzen 1,7 %. Das mediane Alter (Jahre) der Hunde betrug bei Struvit 8, bei Kalziumoxalaten (Whewellit und Weddellit) 10, bei Cystin 5, bei Brushit 11, bei Xanthin 6,5 und bei Ammoniumurat 6. Bei weiblich-intakten (83,8 %) und weiblich-kastrierten (80,8 %) Individuen kamen Struvitsteine am häufigsten vor, während bei männlich-intakten Hunden Cystinsteine (36,7 %) und Kalziumoxalate (35,5 % Whewellit und Weddellit) dominierten. Kastrierte Rüden hatten zu 50,0 % Kalziumoxalat, zu 17,3 % Struvit und zu 10,5 % Cystinsteine. Struvitsteine ließen sich am häufigsten bei den Rassen Mops (75,9 %), Labrador (73,1 %), Shih Tzu (62,2 %), Dackel (50,4 %) und Malteser (36 %) nachweisen, Kalziumoxalate bei den Rassen Zwergschnauzer (54,8 %), Jack Russell Terrier (49,5 %) sowie Yorkshire Terrier (48,2 %). Cystin trat am häufigsten bei den Rassen Französische Bulldogge (47,2 %), Bulldogge (44,8 %), Chihuahua (44,1 %) und Dackel (32,8 %) auf.Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Hunde aus Deutschland zeigten alters-, geschlechts- und rassespezifische Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Harnsteinen. Die Kenntnis über ein gehäuftes Vorkommen unterschiedlicher Harnsteinarten in Deutschland sowie über eine mögliche Rassedisposition ermöglicht dem Tierarzt, ein zielgerichtetes Monitoring zur Prophylaxe und Metaphylaxe zu etablieren und gemeinsam mit dem Tierbesitzer einen geeigneten Therapieplan zu erstellen.
New Opportunities for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Stroke: The Benefits of Across Border Approaches
Authors: Vivien Denis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIschemic stroke is a leading cause of disability, with its treatment not yet optimal. It is thus mandatory to make preclinical research on this topic more efficient. This review summarizes current development of research aimed to improve diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke. For more details, see our recent review published in Lancet Neurology.
Extrakorporale Magnetotransduktionstherapie (EMTT) und hochenergetische fokussierte elektromagnetische extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) zur Knochenstimulation bei metakarpaler Pseudarthrose – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Knobloch Karsten 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird berichtet über eine Pseudarthrose des Metakarpale V, bei der die Kombination einer hochenergetischen fokussierten elektromagnetischen extrakorporalen Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) mit einer extrakorporalen Magnetotransduktionstherapie (EMTT) innerhalb von 6 Wochen zu einer Verbesserung der Einheilung eines Knochenblockes vom Beckenkamm führte.
Nonlinear convergence boosts information coding in circuits with parallel outputs
Authors: Gutierrez Gabrielle J. , Rieke Fred , Shea-Brown Eric T. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceComputation in neural circuits relies on a common set of motifs, including divergence of common inputs to parallel pathways, convergence of multiple inputs to a single neuron, and nonlinearities that select some signals over others. Convergence and circuit nonlinearities, considered separately, can lead to a loss of information about inputs. Past work has detailed how optimized nonlinearities and circuit weights can maximize information, but here, we show that incorporating noninvertible nonlinearities into a circuit with divergence and convergence can enhance encoded information, despite the suboptimality of these components individually. This study extends a broad literature on efficient coding to convergent circuits. Our results suggest that neural circuits may preserve more information using suboptimal components than one might expect.
Lawmakers' use of scientific evidence can be improved
Authors: Crowley D. Max , Scott J. Taylor , Long Elizabeth C. , Green Lawrie , Israel Azaliah , Supplee Lauren , Jordan Elizabeth , Oliver Kathryn , Guillot-Wright Shannon , Gay Brittany , Storace Rachel , Torres-Mackie Naomi , Murphy Yolanda , Donnay Sandra , Reardanz Jenna , Smith Rebecca , McGuire Kristina , Baker Elizabeth , Antonopoulos Ana , McCauley Mary , Giray Cagla 
Published: February 2021

Significance
This study is an experimental trial that demonstrates the potential for formal outreach strategies to change congressional use of research. Our results show that collaboration between policy and research communities can change policymakers’ value of science and result in legislation that appears to be more inclusive of research evidence. The findings of this study also demonstrated changes in researchers’ knowledge and motivation to engage with policymakers as well as their actual policy engagement behavior. Together, the observed changes in both policymakers and researchers randomized to receive an intervention for supporting legislative use of research evidence (i.e., the Research-to-Policy Collaboration model) provides support for the underlying theories around the social nature of research translation and evidence use.
Nile Red fluorescence spectroscopy reports early physicochemical changes in myelin with high sensitivity
Authors: Teo Wulin , Caprariello Andrew V. , Morgan Megan L. , Luchicchi Antonio , Schenk Geert J. , Joseph Jeffrey T. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Stys Peter K. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Many diseases of the nervous system affect white matter and myelin, the critical lipid-rich insulating material enveloping axons. We report a method based on solvatochromic fluorescent probes and spectral microscopy that detects very early pathological changes in myelin in both a rodent model and in postmortem human multiple sclerosis brain at a stage that precedes overt histological myelin loss. Our method reveals that multiple sclerosis white matter exhibits widespread changes in myelin dielectric constant in areas distant from typical inflammatory demyelinating lesions. Fluorescence spectroscopy using solvatochromic lipid probes such as Nile Red has the ability to report, with high sensitivity and in a quantitative manner, early physicochemical changes in cells and tissues that precede pathological alterations detectable by conventional histological methods.
Planktivores as trophic drivers of global coral reef fish diversity patterns
Authors: Siqueira Alexandre C. , Morais Renato A. , Bellwood David R. , Cowman Peter F. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
For decades, marine biogeographers have been intrigued by the origins of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) biodiversity hotspot. Yet one important ecological factor remained unexplored: the trophic status of species across the diversity gradient. Here we show how trophic identity crucially underpins coral reef fish diversity patterns via a disproportional concentration of plankton-feeding species in the IAA. This planktivore hotspot, however, vanishes abruptly away from the IAA. Over the recent geological past, planktivorous reef fishes successfully partitioned constant resources promoted by unique oceanographic conditions in the IAA while likely undergoing disproportional extinctions in peripheral regions. This intriguing case of ecological success intertwined with differential extinctions offers key insights into the origins of biodiversity gradients.
Aqueous production of secondary organic aerosol from fossil-fuel emissions in winter Beijing haze
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Ye Jianhuai , Zhang Qi , Zhao Jian , Wu Yangzhou , Li Jingyi , Liu Dantong , Li Weijun , Zhang Yange , Wu Cheng , Xie Conghui , Qin Yiming , Lei Yali , Huang Xiangpeng , Guo Jianping , Liu Pengfei , Fu Pingqing , Li Yongjie , Lee Hyun Chul , Choi Hyoungwoo , Zhang Jie , Liao Hong , Chen Mindong , Sun Yele , Ge Xinlei , Martin Scot T. , Jacob Daniel J. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from fossil-fuel combustion is a major component of Beijing winter haze pollution but its formation mechanisms are unclear. It is generally assumed to originate from atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, we show here that fast aqueous-phase oxidation of directly emitted primary organic aerosol (POA) takes place at high relative humidity in Beijing winter haze and can explain the observed SOA. This could explain why SOA has decreased in response to POA emission controls even as VOC emissions have stayed flat. The mechanism may involve ring-breaking oxidation and functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Reliability and sensitivity of the Notio Konect to quantify coefficient of drag area in elite track cyclists
Authors: Kordi Mehdi , Galis Gert , van Erp Teun , Terra Wouter 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTElite level cycling events are performed at speeds in excess of 50 km/h. At these speeds, over 90% of the resistance forces come from aerodynamic resistance (CDA). Recently bicycle‐mounted pitot tubes, such as the Notio Konect (NK) have become more commercially available making CDA easier to measure. Its reliability and sensitivity would be useful for riders and coaches to be able to understand what constitutes as a change in CDA. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish the intra‐ and inter‐effort reliability and sensitivity of the CDA measures of the NK. Seven elite level track riders were used in this study which was broken into two parts: (1) Reliability and (2) Sensitivity. For both parts of the experiment, riders performed identical efforts, riding at ∼50 km/h for six laps of a 250 m indoor velodrome. For reliability, the riders performed six efforts without any changes in position or resistance. For sensitivity, they performed the efforts with a rod with discs of a known diameters attached at each end to vary the CDA by a known amount. For the reliability assessment, low coefficient of variation of intra – (0.47%) and inter‐effort (0.9%) reliability were measured. With regards to sensitivity, the smallest changes in resistance (from 5 – 6 cm, i.e. 1.2% or 0.002 m2) was identified by the NK. The data in this experiment suggests that the NK is a highly reliable in measuring CDA can detect changes up to at least 1.2% in an indoor velodrome using elite level track riders.

Highlights
The Notio Konect showed high levels of inter‐ and intra‐effort reliability.
The Notio Konect could detect a change as small as 1.2% in aerodynamic drag.
The findings suggest that the Notio Konect is suitable for detecting small changes in aerodynamic drag in a velodrome setting.
Agreement of bioelectrical resistance, reactance, and phase angle values from supine and standing bioimpedance analyzers
Authors: Dellinger Jacob R , Johnson Baylor A , Benavides Marqui L , Moore M Lane , Stratton Matthew T , Harty Patrick S , Siedler Madelin R , Tinsley Grant M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. Bioimpedance devices are commonly used to assess health parameters and track changes in body composition. However, the cross-sectional agreement between different devices has not been conclusively established. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to examine the agreement between raw bioelectrical variables (resistance, reactance, and phase angle at the 50 kHz frequency) obtained from three bioimpedance analyzers. Approach. Healthy male (n = 76, mean ± SD; 33.8 ± 14.5 years; 83.9 ± 15.1 kg; 179.4 ± 6.9 cm) and female (n = 103, mean ± SD; 33.4 ± 15.9 years; 65.6 ± 12.1 kg; 164.9 ± 6.4 cm) participants completed assessments using three bioimpedance devices: supine bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), supine single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SFBIA), and standing multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA). Differences in raw bioelectrical variables between the devices were quantified via one-way analysis of variance for the total sample and for each sex. Equivalence testing was used to determine equivalence between methods. Main results. Significant differences in all bioelectrical variables were observed between the three devices when examining the total sample and males only. The devices appeared to exhibit slightly better agreement when analyzing female participants only. Equivalence testing using the total sample as well as males and females separately revealed that resistance and phase angle were equivalent between the supine devices (BIS, SFBIA), but not with the standing analyzer (MFBIA). Significance. The present study demonstrated disagreement between different bioimpedance analyzers for quantifying raw bioelectrical variables, with the poorest agreement between devices that employed different body positions during testing. These results suggest that researchers and clinicians should employ device-specific reference values to classify participants based on raw bioelectrical variables, such as phase angle. If reference values are needed but are unavailable for a particular bioimpedance analyzer, the set of reference values produced using the most similar analyzer and reference population should be selected.
State-independent quantum contextuality with projectors of nonunit rank
Authors: Xu Zhen-Peng , Yu Xiao-Dong , Kleinmann Matthias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Virtually all of the analysis of quantum contextuality is restricted to the case where events are represented by rank-one projectors. This restriction is arbitrary and not motivated by physical considerations. We show here that loosening the rank constraint opens a new realm of quantum contextuality and we demonstrate that state-independent contextuality (SIC) can even require projectors of nonunit rank. This enables the possibility of SIC with less than 13 projectors, which is the established minimum for the case of rank one. We prove that for any rank, at least 9 projectors are required. Furthermore, in an exhaustive numerical search we find that 13 projectors are also minimal for the cases where all projectors are uniformly of rank two or uniformly of rank three.
Separability of evolving W state in a noise environment
Authors: Men Qian-Tong , Jiang Li-Zhen , Chen Xiao-Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Entanglement is an important resource for quantum information processing. We provide a new entanglement witness to detect the entanglement of an evolving W state. Our results show that the new entanglement witness matches the evolving W state better than other witnesses or methods. The new witness significantly improves the performance of entanglement detection for some three-qubit states.
Effect of β-galactosidase immobilization on properties of chitosan/xanthan and xanthan/chitosan multilayers
Authors: Viraneva A , Grigorov A , Iliev I , Yovcheva T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) deposited on non lyophilized and lyophilized polylactic acid (PDLA) substrates were investigated. The substrates were charged in a corona discharge. The charging of the substrates was carried out by means of a conventional corona triode system consisting of a corona electrode (needle), a grounded plate electrode and a grid placed between them. Positive or negative 5 kV voltage was applied to the corona electrode and 1 kV voltage of the same polarity as that of the needle - to the grid. The dependences of the normalized surface potential on the storage time for positively and negatively charged non lyophilized and lyophilized PDLA substrates were studied. The results obtained show that the values of the normalized surface potential of non lyophilized substrates decay faster than those of the lyophilized ones. For multilayer build-up layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique was used. The first built-up layer always possesses an electric charge opposite to that of the substrate. PEMs with different number of layers (4 or 8 layers) were obtained. In the polyelectrolyte multilayers obtained the enzyme β-galactosidase were immobilized. The enzyme activity of each multilayer configuration was measured. The experimental results show that, in case of enzyme immobilization in multilayer films with 8 layers the efficiency of immobilization is considerably better compared to ones with 4 polyelectrolyte layers.
Photo-electrical response of nanocomposites from single-walled carbon nanotubes incorporated in tris(keto-hydrozone) discotic mesogen
Authors: Hadjichristov G B , Exner G K , Marinov Y G , Vlakhov T E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report an experimental study on photo-electrical response of new nanocomposites produced from discotic mesogen LTTH-6 (possessing columnar liquid-crystalline phase) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with diameter ∼ 1.5 nm. The SWCNTs were incorporated in LTTH-6 at concentration of 1 wt.%. Thin layers of SWCNTs/LTTH-6 nanocomposites were formed with a thickness of 3 μm. The light-induced change in electrical conductivity of these layers was ascertained at room temperature by current-voltage measurements, upon illumination with a low-intensity (∼ 1 mW/cm2) continuous visible light. The effect of photoresponsivity of the glassy-like columnar phase of SWCNTs/LTTH-6 manifests the potential of such nanocomposites to be functional materials for applications in molecular electronics, sensorics and mechatronics.
Influence of sucrose on the phase behaviour of phospholipid model systems
Authors: Slavkova Z , Drinova N , Chamati H , Genova J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the influence of sucrose on the properties of SOPC (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) lipid systems. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to investigate the phase behaviour of the lipid system in the presence of sucrose. This method is appropriate and widely used to study the phase transitions parameters for organic compounds, in particular, lipids and the influence of various admixtures on these properties. Research results reveal that sucrose affects both, mechanical and physico-chemical characteristics of lipid systems. There are tangible differences in the bending elasticity moduli and enthalpies of the phase transitions due the addition of sucrose.
Modelling of multiple-hollow-cathode-discharge laser
Authors: Yordanova D , Temelkov K , Mihailova D , Dijk J van 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A laser tube configuration for metal vapour lasers with hollow cathode sputtering is theoretically studied. The construction consists of a main hollow cathode and a few hollow cathode holes. Optimal conditions for laser oscillation are realised inside the main cathode, while the current density in the side hollow cathodes is higher and the discharges that occur in the hollow cathode holes can be used as additional sources of metal atoms produced by sputtering. To study the processes in the discharge and the unique capabilities of the construction the PLASIMO modelling platform is used.
An Optical Excitation Study of Pure and Ru-doped Bi12SiO20 Crystals with Graphene Coating
Authors: Rafailov P M , Marinova V , Todorov R , Boyadjiev S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
CVD-grown graphene was transferred onto polished crystal plates of pristine and Ru-doped bismuth silicate (Bi12SiO20:Ru), which are well known inorganic materials possessing very high carrier mobility and photo conductivity. The heterostructures obtained were investigated by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. We examine the influence of photoinduced phenomena in the crystal substrate on the graphene layer with possible implications for optical doping of graphene trough photo-induced space-charge field.
Electric properties of new composite materials based on RGO, nanosized ZnO and Cu nanoparticles
Authors: Martinov B , Slavov S , Staneva A , Dimitrov D , Mateeva J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Graphene nanostructures combine properties that make them an attractive material for various technical applications. The objective of this study is to obtain a series composites based on Reduced graphene oxide (RGO), nano-sized ZnO and Cu nanoparticles. RGO is synthesized by a modified Hammer’s method and chemical reduction after sonication. ZnO nanoparticles are obtained by the Sol-Gel method. The composites’ phases and structures are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDX analysis. It is shown that ZnO is monophasic with a particle size of 48 nm. A series of composite materials based on RGO, ZnO and Cu nanoparticles is obtained by ultrasonic treatment. Electrical and dielectric properties are measured by Impedance analyser and RLC bridge. For comparison, the conductivity for 100% RGO is 309.513 S/m and for 100 % Cu nanosized is 0.0056 S/m. Therefore, it should be initially concluded that increasing the RGO in the mixture will increase the conductivity, and increasing nanosized Cu will decrease it. The presence of cluster regions in the composites with different conductivity is found: 1) nano grains of conductive copper which are partially or completely surrounded by 2) low-conductivity shells of copper oxide and a minimal number of RGO sheets. The present work shows promising results for future research for the creation of new composite materials with controlled shape and size of copper oxide - RGO clusters. Dielectric measurements for RGO/ZnO composites are made in range from 5 mass% to 100 mass% content of RGO, the composites show variable conductivity. For lower concentration of RGO, selected samples are dielectrics.