bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF CRIMINAL SUBCULTURE ON CRIME AMONG MINORS AND YOUTH: CURRENT STATE AND PREVENTION
Authors: Дакашев Иса Хамзатович , Зыбина Юлия Викторовна 
Published: November 2021

В статье авторами рассматриваются особенности влияния криминальной субкультуры на преступность среди несовершеннолетних и молодежи, которая в последние годы в российском обществе известна под аббревиатурой «АУЕ». Правоохранительным органам современная криминальная субкультура «АУЕ» интересна главным образом потому, что она может оказывать влияние на криминальную обстановку в обществе. Исследуются причины и условия распространения криминальной субкультуры среди несовершеннолетних и молодежи. Негативное влияние криминальной субкультуры на преступность среди несовершеннолетних и молодежи связано, прежде всего, с тем, что она способствует формированию отрицательных свойств личности несовершеннолетнего, что, в свою очередь, становится базой для формирования преступного поведения. Особое внимание авторами уделяется вопросу популяризации криминальной субкультуры через сеть Интернет, что требует новых подходов к разработке предупредительных мер в отношении рассматриваемого феномена.
In the article, the author examines the peculiarities of the influence of the criminal subculture on crime among minors and youth, which in recent years in Russian society is known by the abbreviation «AUE». The causes and conditions of the spread of the criminal subculture among minors and youth are investigated. Currently, modern technologies allow using minimal time and financial resources to get the maximum effect for criminals. The author pays special attention to the issue of popularization of the criminal subculture through the Internet, which requires new approaches to the development of preventive measures against the phenomenon under consideration. For law enforcement agencies, the modern criminal subculture «AUE» is interesting, first of all, in the quality in which it can influence the criminal situation in society. The negative impact of the criminal subculture on crime among minors and young people is primarily due to the fact that it contributes to the formation of negative personality traits of a minor, which in turn becomes the basis for the formation of criminal behavior. The peculiarity of the negative influence of the criminal subculture «AUE» is that it is considered such not only from the point of view of its social assessment, but also within a specific group: relations among minors and young people.
Halo Mass-concentration Relation at the High-mass End
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Shan Huanyuan , Li Ran , Wang Chunxiang , Jiang Linhua , Jullo Eric , Favole Ginevra , Kneib Jean-Paul , Zhang Chaoli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The concentration–mass (c–M) relation encodes key information about the assembly history of dark matter halos. However, its behavior at the high mass end has not been measured precisely in observations yet. In this paper, we report the measurement of the halo c–M relation with the galaxy–galaxy lensing method, using the shear catalog of the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS) Data Release 8, which covers a sky area of 9500 deg2. The foreground lenses are selected from the redMaPPer, LOWZ, and CMASS catalogs, with halo masses ranging from 1013 to 1015
M
⊙ and redshifts ranging from z = 0.08 to z = 0.65. We find that the concentration decreases with the halo mass from 1013 to 1014
M
⊙, but shows a trend of upturn after the pivot point of ∼1014
M
⊙. We fit the measured c–M relation with the concentration model

c
(
M
)
=

C

0

M

10

12

M

⊙

/

h

−
γ

1
+

M

M

0

0.4

, and we get the values (C
0, γ, log10(M
0)) = (5.119−0.185
0.183,

0.205

−
0.010

0.010

,

14.083

−
0.133

0.130

) and (

4.875

−
0.208

0.209

,

0.221

−
0.010

0.010

,

13.750

−
0.141

0.142

) for halos with 0.08 ≤ z < 0.35 and 0.35 ≤ z < 0.65, respectively. We also show that the model including an upturn is favored over a simple power-law model. Our measurement provides important information for the recent argument over the massive cluster formation process.
In Search of Infall Motion in Molecular Clumps. III. HCO+ (1-0) and H13CO+ (1-0) Mapping Observations toward Confirmed Infall Sources
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Zhibo , Chen Zhiwei , Ao Yiping , Yu Shuling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of infall motion helps us to understand the initial stages of star formation. In this paper, we use the IRAM 30 m telescope to make mapping observations of 24 infall sources confirmed in previous work. The lines we use to track gas infall motions are HCO+ (1-0) and H13CO+ (1-0). All 24 sources show HCO+ emissions, while 18 sources show H13CO+ emissions. The HCO+ integrated intensity maps of 17 sources show clear clumpy structures; for the H13CO+ line, 15 sources show clumpy structures. We estimated the column density of HCO+ and H13CO+ using the RADEX radiation transfer code, and the obtained [HCO+]/[H2] and [H13CO+]/[HCO+] of these sources are about 10−11–10−7 and 10−3–1, respectively. Based on the asymmetry of the line profile of the HCO+, we distinguish these sources: 19 sources show blue asymmetric profiles, and the other sources show red profiles or symmetric peak profiles. For eight sources that have double-peaked blue line profiles and signal-to-noise ratios greater than 10, the RATRAN model is used to fit their HCO+ (1-0) lines, and to estimate their infall parameters. The mean V
in of these sources is 0.3–1.3 km s−1, and the

M

̇

in

is about 10−3–10−4
M
⊙ yr−1, which is consistent with the results of intermediate or massive star formation in previous studies. The V
in estimated from the Myers model is 0.1–1.6 km s−1, and the

M

̇

in

is within 10−3–10−5
M
⊙ yr−1. In addition, some identified infall sources show other star-forming activities, such as outflows and maser emissions. Especially for those sources with a double-peaked blue asymmetric profile, most of them have both infall and outflow evidence.
Extinction in the Large Magellanic Cloud Bar around NGC 1854, NGC 1856, and NGC 1858
Authors: De Marchi Guido , Panagia Nino , Milone Antonino P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report on the extinction properties in the fields around the clusters NGC 1854, NGC 1856, and NGC 1858 in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The color–magnitude diagrams of the stars in all these regions show an elongated red giant clump that reveals a variable amount of extinction across these fields, ranging from A

V
≃ 0.2 to A

V
≃ 1.9, including Galactic foreground extinction. The extinction properties nonetheless are remarkably uniform. The slope of the reddening vectors measured in the (V − I, V) and (B − I, B) color–magnitude planes is fully in line with the A

V
/E(B − V) ≃ 5.5 value found in the outskirts of 30 Dor. This indicates the presence of an additional gray extinction component in the optical requiring big grains to be about twice as abundant as in the diffuse Galactic interstellar medium (ISM). Areas of higher extinction appear to be systematically associated with regions of more intense star formation, as measured by the larger number of stars more massive than 8 M
⊙, thus making injection of big grains into the ISM by a SNII explosion the likely mechanism at the origin of the observed gray extinction component.
Reproducing the UVJ Color Distribution of Star-forming Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 with a Geometric Model of Dust Attenuation
Authors: Zuckerman Leah D. , Belli Sirio , Leja Joel , Tacchella Sandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We analyze the distribution of rest-frame U − V and V − J colors for star-forming galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5. Using stellar population synthesis, stochastic star formation histories, and a simple prescription for the dust attenuation that accounts for the shape and inclination of galaxies, we construct a model for the distribution of galaxy colors. With only two free parameters, this model is able to reproduce the observed galaxy colors as a function of redshift and stellar mass remarkably well. Our analysis suggests that the wide range of dust attenuation values measured for star-forming galaxies at a given redshift and stellar mass is almost entirely due to the effect of inclination; if all galaxies at a given stellar mass were observed edge-on, they would show very similar dust attenuation. This result has important implications for the interpretation of dust attenuation measurements, the treatment of UV and IR luminosity, and the comparison between numerical simulations and observations.
High Molecular-gas to Dust Mass Ratios Predicted in Most Quiescent Galaxies
Authors: Whitaker Katherine E. , Narayanan Desika , Williams Christina C. , Li Qi , Spilker Justin S. , Davé Romeel , Akhshik Mohammad , Akins Hollis B. , Bezanson Rachel , Katz Neal , Leja Joel , Magdis Georgios E. , Mowla Lamiya , Nelson Erica J. , Pope Alexandra , Privon George C. , Toft Sune , Valentino Francesco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Observations of cold molecular gas reservoirs are critical for understanding the shutdown of star formation in massive galaxies. While dust continuum is an efficient and affordable tracer, this method relies upon the assumption of a “normal” molecular-gas to dust mass ratio, δ
GDR, typically of order 100. Recent null detections of quiescent galaxies in deep dust continuum observations support a picture where the cold gas and dust have been rapidly depleted or expelled. In this work, we present another viable explanation: a significant fraction of galaxies with low star formation per unit stellar mass are predicted to have extreme δ
GDR ratios. We show that simulated massive quiescent galaxies at 0 < z < 3 in the simba cosmological simulations have δ
GDR values that extend >4 orders of magnitude. The dust in most simulated quiescent galaxies is destroyed significantly more rapidly than the molecular gas depletes, and cannot be replenished. The transition from star-forming to quiescent halts dust formation via star formation processes, with dust subsequently destroyed by supernova shocks and thermal sputtering of dust grains embedded in hot plasma. After this point, the dust growth rate in the models is not sufficient to overcome the loss of >3 orders of magnitude in dust mass to return to normal values of δ
GDR despite having high metallicity. Our results indicate that it is not straight forward to use a single observational indicator to robustly preselect exotic versus normal ratios. These simulations make strong predictions that can be tested with millimeter facilities.
Early Activity in Comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli–Bernstein as Observed by TESS
Authors: Farnham Tony L. , Kelley Michael S. P. , Bauer James M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We used long duration observations from the Transient Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to investigate the behavior of comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli–Bernstein at large heliocentric distances. By combining data from sector 03 (976 30 minute exposures from 2018), and sectors 29 and 30 (3585 and 3410 10 minute exposures, respectively, from 2020), we produced deep coadded images of the comet. A comparison of these results with similarly processed images of inactive Kuiper Belt objects and asteroids reveals that the comet was already exhibiting coma at heliocentric distances 23.8 and 21.2 au, making this one of the most distant comets for which preperihelion activity has been directly detected. A simple syndyne analysis of asymmetries in the coma suggests that activity probably started several years prior to these observations, and likely arose from emission in roughly the sunward direction. The images were used to produce photometric lightcurves, though no rotational variability was detected. We used NEOWISE observations from 2020 November 26–28 to place an upper limit of 2 × 1028 molecules s−1 (3σ) on the CO production rate.
The Effect of Gembili Starch (Dioscorea esculenta) and Eubacterium rectal Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1α (Pgc-1α) Expression in Diabetic Mice Models
Authors: Setyawati Tri , Jati Kusuma Rio , Freitag Luglio Harry , Oktiyani Neni , Sunarti Sunarti , Nur Rosmala , Hendra Syaiful 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Gembili or Dioscorea esculenta is a local food that is produced by several areas in Indonesia. Few studies have reported its health benefits for diabetes mellitus but a little is understood about its mechanism of action. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator for genes that involved in energy metabolism and increased expression of this gene has previously been associated with improved insulin sensitivity.

AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Gembili starch and Gembili starch with butirogenic bacteria Eubacterium rectal on PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three months old male diabetic Wistar mice were divided into groups based on dietary supplement: Gembili starch only; Gembili starch with E. rectal; and E. rectal only. Positive (diabetic mice) and negative (non-diabetic) control groups were used in this study. After 4 weeks of supplementation, mice were sacrificed and muscle tissue was taken from musculus vastus latissimus. Plasma blood glucose was measured before and after intervention. PGC-1α expression was measured with immunohistochemistry and quantified by dividing cells that produce PGC-1α with total cells.

RESULTS: Plasma blood glucose was reduced after invention in group that received Gembili starch only (p < 0.001); Gembili starch with E. rectal (p < 0.001); and E. rectal only (p < 0.001). The protein expression of PGC-1α in diabetic mice receiving Gembili starch only was significantly higher compared to control (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study shown that Gembili starch supplementation was able to improve glucose control in diabetic mice and this effect was obtained perhaps through PGC-1α activation. Further study is needed to investigate the effect of Gembili starch supplementation on fat metabolism.
Safety bundle application on nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period
Authors: Abd El Monem Mervat M. , Shahin Marwa A. , Salim Hanan M. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (PIH) are an important cause of severe morbidity, long-term disability, and death among both mothers and their babies.

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety bundle application on nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Patiehypertension, postpartum period, pregnancy, safety bundlents and methods
A quasi-experimental design (pretest and posttest) was used. A purposive sample of all nurses (50 nurses) working in the obstetric hospital at Zagazig University hospitals was used in the period from January 2021 till May 2021. Two tools were used in this study: structured interviewing questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and data regarding nurses’ knowledge about management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period and observational checklist to evaluate nurses’ performance about management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Results
There were highly statistical significant differences preintervention and postintervention regarding nurses’ knowledge and performance about management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Conclusion
The application of safety bundle program has a positive effect on nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period with a highly statistically significant difference.

Recommendation
Continuous educational program to improve nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding application of safety bundle in management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.
The relationship between nurse manager’s behavior and staff nurses autonomy
Authors: Ali Heba A.E. , Elmolla Magda A. , Banan Sahar H. Aly El 
Published: November 2021

Background
Nurse managers have a direct contact with staff nurses; therefore, they have the ability to influence nurses’ autonomy. Nurses’ practice needs autonomy to become powerful because it is noticed that nurses need to take more accurate and urgent decisions in their work. One of the major responsibilities of nurse managers is to support staff nurses to promote their autonomy by improving their skills, abilities, and practices that preserve their autonomy.

Aim
To examine the relationship between nurse manager behavior and staff nurses’ autonomy.

Design
A descriptive correlational design was utilized to collect data.

Sample
A convenient sample of staff nurses (211) working in the selected units during the time of data collection.

Setting
The study conducted at Cairo University Hospital and at New Kasr Einy Hospital.

Tools
Data were collected by using two tools. (a) The first tool was nurse manager’s behaviors in five dimensions. (b) The second tool was staff nurses’ autonomy tool in two dimensions.

Results
Research declared a statistically significant positive correlation between nurse managers’ behavior and staff nurses’ autonomy. Moreover, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between all dimensions of nurse manager’s behavior and staff nurses’ autonomy.

Conclusion
Supportive nurse manager’s behavior perception is an underlying factor of staff nurses’ autonomy.

Recommendations
Improving staff nurses’ autonomy should be emphasized through policy. Further researches are needed to examine the barriers that nurses face in relation to unit operational decisions. A training program should be provided for nurse managers about supportive behaviors.
The value of thoracic computed tomography scan comparing to reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Adibi Atoosa , Kazemi Kimia , Hajiahmadi Somaye , Shayganfar Azin , Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Manteghinejad Amirreza , Vaseghi Golnaz , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooye 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the current pandemic causing massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gold standard diagnostic method in use is reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which cannot be solely relied upon. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a method currently used for diagnosis of lung disease and can play a substantial role if proved helpful in COVID-19 diagnosis. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT scan compared to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
We recruited 291 hospitalized patients suspicious of COVID-19 according to typical clinical findings during February–March 2020. The patients underwent CT-scan and RT-PCR procedures on the day of hospital admission. CT scans were reported by two radiologists as typical, indeterminate, negative, and atypical. Statistical indices were calculated twice: once considering “typical” and “indeterminate” categories as positive and the other time counting “typical” results as positive.

Results:
The CT reports were classified as typical (64.95%), indeterminate (10.31%), atypical (11%), and negative (13.75%). Considering “typical” and “intermediate” as positive, sensitivity and specificity were 85.3% and 38.8%, respectively, and using the second assumption, the mentioned indices were 75.9% and 50.4%, respectively.

Conclusion:
According to our study, CT results do not create enough diagnostic benefit and could result in incorrect confidence if negative. Since widely available, CT integration in the clinical process may be helpful in screening of suspected patients in epidemics. Yet, suspected patients should be isolated till confirmed by (multiple) PCRs.
Myocardial damage in multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children and adolescents
Authors: Vukomanovic Vladislav , Krasic Stasa , Prijic Sergej , Petrovic Gordana , Ninic Sanja , Popovic Sasa , Cerovic Ivana , Ristic Snezana , Nesic Dejan 
Published: November 2021

Background:
In multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporarily associated with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), myocardial damage has been reported.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective observational cohort study included children under 18 who had a myocardial injury related to COVID-19 treated in mother and child health institute from April 2020 to August 2020. Myocardial injury related to COVID-19 was manifested by elevated serum cardiac troponin and NT-proBNP with LV dysfunction, arrhythmias, and coronary arteries (CAs) dilatation or aneurysms. During the short-term follow-up, cardiac testing (electrocardiography, laboratory analysis, echocardiography, 24-h Holter monitoring, exercise stress test, and cardiac magnetic resonance) was performed.

Results:
Six male adolescents (14.7 ± 2.4 years) were included in the analysis (2/6 had MIS-C shock syndrome). All patients had elevated acute-phase reactants and NT-proBNP, whereas troponins were elevated in 5/6 patients. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (EF 45.2 ± 6.9%); 2/6 had dilated CAs. IVIG was prescribed to all patients with MIS-C. Four patients required inotropic drug support. During hospitalization, a significant reduction of CRP, LDH, NT-proBNP, and D-dimer (P < 0.05) was registered. LV systolic function recovery was registered 3 days after applied therapy (P < 0.001). None of the patients developed dilated cardiomyopathy or CA aneurysms.

Conclusions:
With early recognition and adequate MIS-C therapy, children recovered entirely, maintained in the short-term follow-up period.
Cross-Sectional Study of Candidemia from Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Ranjbar-Mobarake Maryam , Nowroozi Jamileh , Badiee Parisa , Mostafavi Sayed Nassereddin , Mohammadi Rasoul 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Candidemia is a fatal invasive fungal infection that involves thousands of patients annually and is associated with high mortality rate and economic burden. The incidence of candidemia is increasing due to the use of invasive medical instruments and immunosuppressive drugs. The treatment of infection is problematic because of the increased resistance of clinical strains to antifungal drugs. The aim of the present study was to identify Candida species isolated from candidemia and determination of antifungal susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates.

Materials and Methods:
Three thousand eight hundred BACTEC bottles suspected to candidemia were evaluated from April 2019 to June 2020. For primary identification, a positive blood culture was subcultured onto the sabouraud glucose agar and CHROMagar™ Candida. For molecular identification, ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region was amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers and MspI restriction enzyme was applied to digest polymerase chain reaction amplicons. Minimum inhibitory concentration of seven antifungals was determined against clinical isolates by broth microdilution method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 and M27-S4 documents.

Results:
Forty-six out of 3800 suspected specimens were positive for candidemia (1.2%). The age range of the patients was between 11 days and 89 years, with a median age of 34.8 years. Candida albicans was found to be the most Candida species (58.7%), followed by C. parapsilosis complex (19.6%), C. glabrata complex (8.7%), C. krusei (6.5%), C. famata (4.3%), and C. tropicalis (2.2%). Resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole was detected in 13.6%, 11.3%, 6.8%, and 4.5% of clinical isolates, respectively.

Conclusion:
The incidence of non-albicans Candida species is increasing that must be highlighted. Since resistant Candida strains are found repeatedly, consecutive tracing of the species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates is recommended for better management of infections.