bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A port-based forwarding load-balancing scheduling approach for cloud datacenter networks
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Zhao Aqun , Liang Mangui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractToday’s datacenter networks (DCNs) scale is rapidly increasing because of the wide deployment of cloud services and the rapid rise of edge computing. The bandwidth consumption and cost of a DCN are growing sharply with the extensions of network size. Thus, how to keep the traffic balanced is a key and challenging issue. However, the traditional load balancing algorithms such as Equal-Cost Multi-Path routing (ECMP) are not suitable for high dynamic traffic in cloud DCNs. In this paper, we propose a port-based forwarding load balancing scheduling (PFLBS) approach for Fat-tree based DCNs with some new features which can overcome the disadvantages of the existing load balancing methods in the following aspects. Firstly, we define a port-based source-routing addressing scheme, which decreases the switch complexity and makes the table-lookup operation unnecessary. Secondly, based on this addressing scheme, we proposed an effective routing mechanism which can obtain multiple available paths for flow scheduling based in Fat-tree. All the path information is saved in servers and each server only needs to maintain its own path information. Thirdly, we propose an efficient algorithm to implement large flows scheduling dynamically in terms of current link utilization ratio. This method is suitable for cloud DCNs and edge computing, which can reduce the complexity of the switches and the power consumption of the whole network. The experiment results indicate that the PFLBS approach has better performance compared with the ECMP, Hedera and MPTCP approaches, which decreases the flow completion time and improves the average throughput significantly. PFLBS is simple and can be implemented with a few signaling overheads.
Adaptation of a standard extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) protocol for rural re-entering offenders with OUD
Authors: Staton Michele , Knudsen Hannah K. , Walsh Sharon L. , Oser Carrie , Pike Erika , Lofwall Michelle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite a growing body of empirical support for the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) to reduce opioid relapse among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) transitioning from a correctional facility to the community, continuity of care following release remains challenging. This paper describes a research-based adaptation of a state’s standard of care XR-NTX protocol using the ADAPT-ITT framework for delivery in a non-traditional, non-treatment, community criminal justice setting (P&P office), as well as the expansion of services by a local Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) provider who would, for the first time, be going to the jail and P&P office to provide XR-NTX and related treatment.

Method
The present study focuses on the first seven phases (Assessment through Training) of the ADAPT-ITT framework in the adaptation of the Department of Corrections (DOC) protocol in preparation for a pilot trial for induction in a rural jail and during the transition to a rural community. Expert clinical review and focus groups with key stakeholders in criminal justice supervision and the local providers in the FQHC informed the needed adaptations to the existing XR-NTX protocol for initiation at the jail and ongoing administrations in the community.

Results
Findings from stakeholder focus groups, study team review, topical expert review, and a theater test suggested that there were critical adaptations needed in both content and context at the patient and clinic level.

Conclusion
Health and justice officials should consider the need to tailor and adapt evidence-based approaches for real-world locations that high-risk, justice-involved individuals visit in order to reduce barriers and increase access to critically needed treatment for OUD.
Oxygen administration for patients with ARDS
Authors: Ohshimo Shinichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal condition with insufficiently clarified etiology. Supportive care for severe hypoxemia remains the mainstay of essential interventions for ARDS. In recent years, adequate ventilation to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) as well as lung-protective mechanical ventilation has an increasing attention in ARDS.Ventilation-perfusion mismatch may augment severe hypoxemia and inspiratory drive and consequently induce P-SILI. Respiratory drive and effort must also be carefully monitored to prevent P-SILI. Airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) and airway pressure deflection during an end-expiratory airway occlusion (Pocc) could be easy indicators to evaluate the respiratory drive and effort. Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony is a time mismatching between patient’s effort and ventilator drive. Although it is frequently unrecognized, dyssynchrony can be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Dyssynchrony includes trigger asynchrony, cycling asynchrony, and flow delivery mismatch. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) is a form of iatrogenic injury from inadequate use of mechanical ventilation. Excessive spontaneous breathing can lead to P-SILI, while excessive rest can lead to VIDD. Optimal balance between these two manifestations is probably associated with the etiology and severity of the underlying pulmonary disease.High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) are non-invasive techniques for supporting hypoxemia. While they are beneficial as respiratory supports in mild ARDS, there can be a risk of delaying needed intubation. Mechanical ventilation and ECMO are applied for more severe ARDS. However, as with HFNC/NPPV, inappropriate assessment of breathing workload potentially has a risk of delaying the timing of shifting from ventilator to ECMO. Various methods of oxygen administration in ARDS are important. However, it is also important to evaluate whether they adequately reduce the breathing workload and help to improve ARDS.
Seamless integration of above- and under-canopy unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning for forest investigation
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Kukko Antero , Hyyppä Eric , Hakala Teemu , Pyörälä Jiri , Lehtomäki Matti , El Issaoui Aimad , Yu Xiaowei , Kaartinen Harri , Liang Xinlian , Hyyppä Juha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Current automated forest investigation is facing a dilemma over how to achieve high tree- and plot-level completeness while maintaining a high cost and labor efficiency. This study tackles the challenge by exploring a new concept that enables an efficient fusion of aerial and terrestrial perspectives for digitizing and characterizing individual trees in forests through an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that flies above and under canopies in a single operation. The advantage of such concept is that the aerial perspective from the above-canopy UAV and the terrestrial perspective from the under-canopy UAV can be seamlessly integrated in one flight, thus grants the access to simultaneous high completeness, high efficiency, and low cost.

Results
In the experiment, an approximately 0.5 ha forest was covered in ca. 10 min from takeoff to landing. The GNSS-IMU based positioning supports a geometric accuracy of the produced point cloud that is equivalent to that of the mobile mapping systems, which leads to a 2–4 cm RMSE of the diameter at the breast height estimates, and a 4–7 cm RMSE of the stem curve estimates.

Conclusions
Results of the experiment suggested that the integrated flight is capable of combining the high completeness of upper canopies from the above-canopy perspective and the high completeness of stems from the terrestrial perspective. Thus, it is a solution to combine the advantages of the terrestrial static, the mobile, and the above-canopy UAV observations, which is a promising step forward to achieve a fully autonomous in situ forest inventory. Future studies should be aimed to further improve the platform positioning, and to automatize the UAV operation.
Bleeding from jejunal varices formed at the Roux-en-Y jejunum site caused by the compression of the left renal vein after living donor liver transplantation with renoportal anastomosis
Authors: Nakanishi Wataru , Miyagi Shigehito , Tokodai Kazuaki , Fujio Atsushi , Kashiwadate Toshiaki , Sasaki Kengo , Shono Yoshihiro , Ohta Mineto , Saitoh Yoshikatsu , Unno Michiaki , Kamei Takashi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Renoportal anastomosis is an option for the portal vein reconstruction of a liver transplantation with grade 4 portal vein thrombosis and a splenorenal shunt. Here, we report the case of gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with renoportal anastomosis.

Case presentation
Six-year-old female patient who underwent LDLT with renoportal anastomosis at 1 year of age had severe anemia with normal liver function during the follow-up period. The varices at the Roux-en-Y jejunum were considered the source of bleeding, and the compression of the left renal vein, which is known as a cause of Nutcracker syndrome, seemed to induce venous hypertension through the splenorenal shunt, which might induce the formation of the varices. She underwent percutaneous transhepatic sclerotherapy of the varices, and the anemia improved at her last follow-up, 6 months after sclerotherapy. This is the first reported case of Roux-en-Y jejunal varices bleeding related to the compression of the left renal vein after LDLT was performed with renoportal anastomosis.

Conclusions
Although renoportal anastomosis should be cautiously performed when there are no options for severe portal vein thrombosis, the status of the left renal vein and new collateral formation should be observed carefully during the follow-up period in pediatric cases of renoportal anastomosis.
Phytodentistry in Africa: prospects for head and neck cancers
Authors: Adeola Henry A. , Sabiu Saheed , Aruleba Raphael T. , Adekiya Tayo A. , Adefuye Anthonio O. , Adefuye Ogheneochuko J. , Oyinloye Babatunji E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthodox dentistry has undergone significant changes in recent times with the introduction of various omics and molecular targeted therapies both at the experimental/trial and clinical implementation level. Although, significant milestones have been achieved in the molecular dentistry field in the past decade, there remains a dearth of application of phytopharmacological innovation in personalized and targeted therapies for dental diseases.Main bodyFrom time immemorial, plant products have long been an integral aspect of dental practice ranging from chewing sticks/herbal kinds of toothpaste to dental/impression materials. The current era of precision medicine seeks to apply a multipronged molecular and bio-computational approaches to solve fundamental medical problems that have hitherto remained difficult. Remarkable changes in the molecular/omics era, have transformed empirical therapies into personalized/individualized ones. Furthermore, the combinatorial application and the widespread introduction of high-throughput molecular tools such as pharmacogenomics, phytopharmacology, metabolomics, mathematical modelling, and genetic engineering inter alia, has tremendously improved the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of medicine. Additionally, the variable molecular epidemiology of diseases among different population and emerging molecular evidence warrants the use of customized novel theranostic techniques. Unfortunately, the footprint of such emerging application is sparse in dental diseases such as maxillofacial cancers.ConclusionHence, this review seeks to evaluate the potential application of phytopharmacological approaches to head and neck cancers in a resource-limited environment, such as Africa.
Disaggregation of official demographic projections in sub-groups by education level: the neglected “composition effect” in the future path of life expectancy
Authors: Ginebri Sergio , Lallo Carlo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe developed an innovative method to break down official population forecasts by educational level. The mortality rates of the high education group and low education group were projected using an iterative procedure, whose starting point was the life tables by education level for Italy, based on the year 2012. We provide a set of different scenarios on the convergence/divergence of the mortality differential between the high and low education groups. In each scenario, the demographic size and the life expectancy of the two sub-groups were projected annually over the period 2018–2065. We compared the life expectancy paths in the whole population and in the sub-groups. We found that in all of our projections, population life expectancy converges to the life expectancy of the high education group. We call this feature of our outcomes the “composition effect”, and we show how highly persistent it is, even in scenarios where the mortality differential between social groups is assumed to decrease over time. In a midway scenario, where the mortality differential is assumed to follow an intermediate path between complete disappearance in year 2065 and stability at the 2012 level, and in all the scenarios with a milder convergence hypothesis, our “composition effect” prevails over the effect of convergence for men and women. For instance, assuming stability in the mortality differential, we estimated a life expectancy increase at age 65 of 2.9 and 2.6 years for men, and 3.2 and 3.1 for women, in the low and high education groups, respectively, over the whole projection period. Over the same period, Italian official projections estimate an increase of 3.7 years in life expectancy at age 65 for the whole population. Our results have relevant implications for retirement and ageing policies, in particular for those European countries that have linked statutory retirement age to variations in population life expectancies. In all the scenarios where the composition effect is not offset by a strong convergence of mortality differentials, we show that the statutory retirement age increases faster than the group-specific life expectancies, and this finding implies that the expected time spent in retirement will shrink for the whole population. This potential future outcome seems to be an unintended consequence of the indexation rule.
Screening and enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of some plant oils using liposomes as nanoscale carrier
Authors: Haggag Maha G. , Shafaa Medhat W. , Kareem Hossam S. , El-Gamil Amir M. , El-Hendawy Hoda H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Liposomes have the ability to enclose hydrophilic or lipophilic materials. Bioactive macromolecules become more stable when they are entrapped within liposomes resisting environmental changes, allowing maintenance of the antimicrobial molecules and increasing their effectiveness and constancy thus can be used for food preservation. The aim of this study was to screen food samples for microbial contamination and to examine the antimicrobial activity of selected six ready-made plant oils which were; clove, black seed, thyme, garlic, rosemary and green tea against the isolated microbes from food samples and other selected microbes. Also to examine the possible enhancement of the antibacterial property of clove oil and tetracycline versus Escherichia coli when they were encapsulated into distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) liposomes as a nanoscale carriers. Results of the antimicrobial action measured by minimum inhibitory concentration revealed that all six oils had antimicrobial action when facing at least one of the tested microbes. However only clove oil could inhibit the growth of all tested microbes. Moreover encapsulation of clove oil into DSPC liposomes enhanced its antibacterial action by 10 times when examined to inhibit the growth of E. coli. Also the antibacterial activity of liposome encapsulated tetracycline was improved by 8 times. Results of characterization of formulated clove oil liposomes by measuring their Zeta potential and their sizes implying that clove oil might be enclosed within the hydrophobic portion of the two layers of the liposome. Analyzing data of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed that clove oil was detected in the interfacial area of the liposome. Analyzing results of Differential scanning calorimetry and measuring phase transitions suggested that liposomes encapsulating clove oil had a membrane fluidization effect.

Conclusion
Some plant oils like clove has antimicrobial activity which enhanced with liposomal encapsulation and thus reduces the needed concentration to give the desired actions.
Progress of discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme for multiscale flows
Authors: Guo Zhaoli , Xu Kun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiscale gas flows appear in many fields and have received particular attention in recent years. It is challenging to model and simulate such processes due to the large span of temporal and spatial scales. The discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) is a recently developed numerical approach for simulating multiscale flows based on kinetic models. The finite-volume DUGKS differs from the classical kinetic methods in the modeling of gas evolution and the reconstruction of interface flux. Particularly, the distribution function at a cell interface is reconstructed from the characteristic solution of the kinetic equation in space and time, such that the particle transport and collision effects are coupled, accumulated, and evaluated in a numerical time step scale. Consequently, the cell size and time step of DUGKS are not passively limited by the particle mean-free-path and relaxation time. As a result, the DUGKS can capture the flow behaviors in all regimes without resolving the kinetic scale. Particularly, with the variation of the ratio between numerical mesh size scale and kinetic mean free path scale, the DUGKS can serve as a self-adaptive multiscale method. The DUGKS has been successfully applied to a number of flow problems with multiple flow regimes. This paper presents a brief review of the progress of this method.
The implications of a pathological complete response of the primary tumour after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on axillary surgery
Authors: Youssef Mina M. G. , Metwally Ahmed A. , Manie Tamer M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Management of the node-positive axilla after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is controversial. The aim of this study is to predict the group of patients who may require a less invasive approach for axillary management. One possible group are patients with pathological complete response of the primary after chemotherapy.

Results
A unicentral retrospective cohort study including all breast cancer patients with axillary node metastases at presentation who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulting in pathological complete response. Pathological complete response in the axillary lymph nodes was recorded. A correlation between the response in the primary tumour and the lymph nodes was assessed. A subgroup analysis was conducted for different biological groups.
Complete response was seen in the axillary nodes in 80.5% of patients. Patients with lobular cancer were less likely to show a similar response in the axilla as the primary tumour (p = 0.077). A higher incidence of axillary response was observed in HER2-positive tumours (p = 0.082). All patients with grade 3 tumours achieved complete response in the axilla (p = 0.094). Patients with negative or weak positive hormone receptor status had a significantly higher rate of complete response in the axilla compared to strongly positive hormone receptor status (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.7–34.5; p = 0.007).

Conclusion
A less invasive axillary surgery may be safely recommended in selected group of node-positive patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy when the primary tumour shows complete response. This group may include HER2-positive, ER-negative and grade 3 tumours. Less response is expected in ER-positive and lobular carcinoma even with complete response in the primary.
Impact of eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hodeib Mahmoud M. , Ali Ahmed G. , Kamel Nsreen M. , Senosy Shaimaa A. , Fahmy Ehab M. , Abdelsadik Ahmed , Maebed Mohamed H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Although some investigators have confirmed the association between H. pylori and chronic ITP in adults, studies in pediatric patients are still few and have produced conflicting results. The study was carried out to detect the prevalence of H. pylori among chronic ITP children and to investigate the impact of treatment of H. pylori infection on platelet count response.

Results
The prevalence of H. pylori in chronic ITP children was 63%. The platelet count was statistically significantly higher among H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA)-negative children. A significant difference was reported in which platelet count increased from 70.55 ± 4.788 million/μL before H. pylori eradication therapy to 110.78 ± 15.128 million/μL after therapy.

Conclusion
We concluded that H. pylori eradication therapy was effective in increasing platelet count in H. pylori-positive chronic ITP patients.
Pharmacodynamic findings for the usefulness of Luffa cylindrica (L.) leaves in atherosclerosis therapy with supporting antioxidant potential
Authors: Raut Poonam , Dhawale Shashikant , Kulkarni Deepak , Pekamwar Sanjay , Shelke Santosh , Panzade Prabhakar , Paliwal Ankit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Luffa cylindrica (L.) is a commonly used vegetable in different parts of Asia. Its fruits are generally used as a vegetable, but pharmacological activities of the leaves were unrevealed. The study evaluated the antihyperlipidemic activity and in vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Luffa cylindrica (L.) leaves (MELCL). The antihyperlipidemic potential was investigated in Triton X-100-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Animals were pre-treated with Triton X-100 (400 mg/kg). The Triton X-100-treated animals were then treated with MELCL at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg using 5% CMC, as a vehicle, per oral (p.o) for 7 days. Antioxidant activity was studied by examining the DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging potential of the extract.

Results
The plasma sample of rats was analyzed, and it was found that MELCL shows significant (p < 0.05) antihyperlipidemic activity at 200 mg/kg of MELCL. Serum analysis showed a marked reduction in the level of multiple biochemicals like total cholesterol (TC) (85.48 ± 3.230 mg/dl), triglycerides (TG) (74.62 ± 8.764 mg/dl), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (31.97 ± 3.475 mg/dl), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (14.92 ± 1.635 mg/dl), and an increase in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (40.58 ± 1.625 mg/dl). MELCL also showed significant scavenging of DPPH radical (46.66 ± 0.002%) at concentration and hydrogen peroxide radical (47.55 ± 0.001%) at 100 μg/ml.

Conclusion
Quantitative results of the study showed that MELCL has considerable antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential and could be the option for the treatment of atherosclerosis.