bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Subjective Experience of Word-Finding Difficulties in People With Aphasia: A Thematic Analysis of Interview Data
Authors: Fama Mackenzie E. , Lemonds Erin , Levinson Galya 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Anomia, or difficulty with naming and word finding, is a pervasive deficit among individuals with aphasia. There is an extensive literature on the mechanisms underlying anomia and on approaches to treatment, but very little is known about the subjective experience of anomia during day-to-day life.

Method:
As part of a larger testing battery, 53 adults with poststroke aphasia took part in a novel, structured interview that included an open-ended question about the general experience of anomia: “Do you ever know what you want to say, but you can't say it out loud? Please describe that feeling.” Video-recorded interview responses were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis, an iterative, data-driven process that categorizes interview data into common themes.

Results:
Five main themes emerged among the data from 37 participants who produced adequate responses for use in thematic analysis: strategies to cope with or compensate for anomia, comments on awareness of the level of breakdown (e.g., “I have an idea, but can't get the right words”), negative emotions, impact on relationships, and changes in frequency over time.

Conclusions:
Participants showed strong awareness of anomia and its implications, demonstrating an ability to describe their language breakdown, identify relevant strategies to compensate and/or cope, and acknowledge the impact of anomia on their emotions and social interactions. This patient perspective may serve as a valuable supplement to information typically gained via objective language assessments. Clinicians and researchers may wish to consider incorporating similar subjective measures during assessment and treatment planning.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15032643
Aphasia and Friendship: The Role and Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Therrien Michelle C. S. , Madden Elizabeth B. , Bislick Lauren , Wallace Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with people with aphasia focus on assessment and intervention to support improved communication outcomes for their clients. Friendship, a key component of quality of life, often depends on communicative interaction, and many people with aphasia report having reduced social circles. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of SLPs working with clients with aphasia on their role in supporting friendship development and maintenance.

Method
An online survey composed of questions addressing SLP perspectives and goal setting, assessment, and treatment practices related to aphasia and friendship was distributed to SLPs across the United States. Survey data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results
Forty-seven SLPs completed the survey. While many SLPs reported that the friendships of their clients with aphasia were impacted by aphasia and that it was within their scope of practice to support friendship development and maintenance, many did not specifically assess or target friendship and friendship outcomes in the treatment plan. SLPs identified barriers and facilitators to focusing on friendship within the context of speech and language therapy.

Conclusions
Findings suggest the majority of participating SLPs were interested in addressing friendship with clients with aphasia; however, they experienced barriers in practice. Further examination of SLP perspectives and clinical practice regarding friendship and aphasia is warranted. Additionally, research investigating effective assessment and therapeutic methods that target friendship in aphasia is needed to support clinical practice and the well-being of clients with aphasia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15032217
Non‐linear model of the switched reluctance motor with included core losses’ effects
Authors: Mihic Dragan S. , Terzic Mladen V. , Koprivica Zarko V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo accurately predict motor performance, considering the effects of core losses is of great importance, especially at speeds much higher than the base where the core losses represent a considerable portion of the total drive losses. Neglecting the effects of core losses leads to an error in the switched reluctance motor (SRM) performance prediction. In this study, a previously developed non‐linear SRM model with multiphase coupling is extended by considering the instantaneous effects of core losses on the SRM performance. Using the new model, the nature of these effects is determined. A comparison of the simulation results of the proposed, basic, and finite element method (FEM) model confirms the importance of considering the effects of core losses on motor performance. Besides the FEM model, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by experiments.
Motion control of the rail traction system by dual brushless AC motors using a disturbance observer
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents an accurate motion control scheme using a modified non‐linear disturbance torque observer for a rail traction system driven by a dual brushless AC (BLAC) motor. The target application has two BLAC motors mounted on the top surface of the rail. The mover translation along the rail is handled solely by the traction motors without any external sensor. In the low‐speed range, however, the conventional disturbance torque observer is unstable due to the resolution of the Hall sensor and speed detection delay. To solve this instability problem, a simple weight function with the synchronisation of torque current and the delayed speed feedback is added to the proposed torque observer. This way, zero output can be created in the selected speed region for stabilisation and torque current can be compensated. Furthermore, simple balance error compensation to synchronise both motors is added to the proposed speed and position model reference adaptive control scheme. The experiments were performed to verify the proposed control method. The results show advanced performance with reduced position and balance errors between the two BLAC motors and an improved overall control performance of the rail mover.
Iterative relaxation solution for AC optimal transmission network reconfiguration considering bus splitting
Authors: Sun Yaqi , Tian Zhuang , Wu Wenchuan , Du Yanling , Wang Bin , Xi Yanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptimal transmission network reconfiguration is an important means to improve the economy and reliability of power grid. However, the traditional optimal transmission switching only considers the transmission line switching strategy and some approximate power flow models are adopted to make it tractable, such as linearisation or convex relaxation ones. In this article, first, a comprehensive network reconfiguration model considering both the line switching strategy and the bus splitting strategy inside substations is established. This optimal network reconfiguration incorporating AC power flow equations is an intractable mixed integer non‐linear programming problem. The model is first relaxed to a mixed integer second‐order cone programming to get the initial solution and an extended feasibility recovery algorithm is developed to obtain the solution satisfying the AC power flow equations. Numerical tests show that the proposed method can reduce the total generation cost and guarantee the system security while the baseline methods cannot obtain feasible solution in most cases.
Application of real‐time nonlinear model predictive control for wave energy conversion
Authors: Haider Ali S. , Brekken Ted K.A. , McCall Alan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents an approach to implement a Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) in real‐time with a non‐standard cost index. The proposed technique's applications are presented to maximize the energy produced by a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) when the cost index is a non‐quadratic piecewise discontinuous functional of some design variables. The presented framework is based on pseudo‐quadratisation and weight scheduling, which is implemented using the ACADO toolkit for MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed strategy features code generation and deployment on the real‐time target machines for industrial applications. The simulations and experiments confirm the success of the proposed approach in achieving the feasible operation of the NMPC and an optimal power capture by the wave energy converters.
The TOPGöt high-mass star-forming sample
Authors: Mininni C. , Fontani F. , Sánchez-Monge A. , Rivilla V. M. , Beltrán M. T. , Zahorecz S. , Immer K. , Giannetti A. , Caselli P. , Colzi L. , Testi L. , Elia D. 
Published: July 2021

Aims. The TOPGöt project studies a sample of 86 high-mass star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages from starless cores to ultra compact HII regions. The aim of the survey is to analyze different molecular species in a statistically significant sample to study the chemical evolution in high-mass star-forming regions, and identify chemical tracers of the different phases.
Methods. The sources have been observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope in different spectral windows at 1, 2, and 3 mm. In this first paper, we present the sample and analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the TOPGöt sources to derive physical parameters such as the dust temperature, Tdust, the total column density, NH2, the mass, M, the luminosity, L, and the luminosity-to-mass ratio, L∕M, which is an indicator of the evolutionary stage of the sources. We use the MADCUBA software to analyze the emission of methyl cyanide (CH3CN), a well-known tracer of high-mass star formation.
Results. We built the spectral energy distributions for ~80% of the sample and derived Tdust and NH2 values which range between 9−36 K and ~3 × 1021−7 × 1023 cm−2, respectively. The luminosity of the sources spans over four orders of magnitude from 30 to 3 × 105 L⊙, masses vary between ~30 and 8 × 103 M⊙, and the luminosity-to-mass ratio L∕M covers three orders of magnitude from 6 × 10−2 to 3 × 102 L⊙∕M⊙. The emission of the CH3CN(5K-4K) K-transitions has been detected toward 73 sources (85% of the sample), with 12 nondetections and one source not observed in the frequency range of CH3CN(5K-4K). The emission of CH3CN has been detected toward all evolutionary stages, with the mean abundances showing a clear increase of an order of magnitude from high-mass starless cores to later evolutionary stages. We found a conservative abundance upper limit for high-mass starless cores of XCH3CN < 4.0 × 10−11, and a range in abundance of 4.0 × 10−11 < XCH3CN < 7.0 × 10−11 for those sources that are likely high-mass starless cores or very early high-mass protostellar objects. In fact, in this range of abundance we have identified five sources previously not classified as being in a very early evolutionary stage. The abundance of CH3CN can thus be used to identify high-mass star-forming regions in early phases of star-formation.
Todeswünsche bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit
fortgeschrittener Krebserkrankung: Eine explorative Analyse
psychotherapeutischer Gespräche
Authors: Elliesen Ruth , Glaesmer Heide , Koranyi Susan , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungTodeswünsche bei Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung
sind bereits seit längerem Gegenstand der psychoonkologischen Forschung.
Auch wenn es inzwischen einige Ansätze gibt, die sich mit der
Konzeptualisierung und Beschreibung von Todeswünschen befassen, fehlt es
bislang an einem in der klinischen Praxis gut anwendbaren Konzept und
dazugehörigen Erhebungsinstrumenten. Ziel der Studie ist deshalb die
phänomenologische Beschreibung von Todeswünschen bei Patienten
mit fortgeschrittenem Krebs. Dafür wurden N=228 transkribierte
Psychotherapiegespräche von 76 Patienten im Rahmen der
randomisiert-kontrollierten Psychotherapiestudie Managing Cancer and Living
Meaningfully (CALM) hinsichtlich des Themas Todeswunsch explorativ
analysiert. Von den untersuchten 76 Patienten berichteten 16 (21%)
explizit von Todeswünschen. Mithilfe ihrer Beschreibungen konnten zwei
Dimensionen identifiziert werden: (1) Gründe für
Todeswünsche mit sieben Unterkategorien (Vermeidung von Schmerz und
Leid, Kontrolle und Selbstbestimmung erhalten, körperlicher Abbau und
Begrenzungen im Alltag, Angst vor Siechtum, Leben nicht mehr lebenswert,
Gefühl der Lebensvollendung und alles getan zu haben, fehlende
Zukunftsperspektiven) sowie (2) der Grad des mit dem Todeswunsch verbundenen
Handlungsdrucks. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit existierenden Theorien zu
Todeswünschen bei Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung
größtenteils überein. Als zusammengehörige
Dimensionen des Phänomens Todeswunsch wurden sie jedoch bisher noch
nicht beschrieben. Vor allem für die klinische Praxis scheint dies sehr
sinnvoll zu sein, da die Gründe in der Therapie
größtenteils bearbeitbar sein dürften und der Grad des
Handlungsdrucks Aufschluss über die Notwendigkeit einer Intervention
geben kann.
Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy, Influencing Factors and Quality of
Life
Authors: Kadıoğlu Nezaket , Sert Umit Yasemin , Sariaslan Seval Gundogdu , Mursel Konul , Celen Sevki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim In our study, the frequency of sleep disturbances in pregnancy, the
reasons underlying the low quality of sleep, clinical factors, and the effects
on quality of life were investigated.
Methods The study was planned as a prospective study and included 189
pregnant women. Clinical features, laboratory results, socio-demographic status,
obstetric and medical anamnesis were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Berlin Questionnaire, Beck Depression
Inventory, SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire, and restless leg syndrome (RLS)
diagnosis criteria were used for data collection.
Results We investigated sleep disorders in 110 pregnant women
(58.2%). A history of premenstrual syndrome and patients with
hyperemesis gravidarum, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Vitamin B12
deficiency, and higher TSH levels in the laboratory were found to be associated
with sleep disorders. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness were associated
with depression, physical and social functioning, pain, and disturbance in
general health perception. The number of pregnant women who had two or more RLS
complaints was 84 (44%).
Conclusion The results of our study show that sleep disorders in pregnancy
can be managed with easily applicable methods according to the risk factors and
related problems.
Reading Skills in Down Syndrome: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Loveall Susan J. , Barton-Hulsey Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThough children with Down syndrome can learn to read, they may have difficulty developing some component skills, including phonological awareness and word decoding. Given reading's foundation in language, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) should play a central role in supporting access to and providing reading instruction for children with Down syndrome. This article reviews the available research on reading in Down syndrome and offers guidance for SLPs working with this population. We start by reviewing the Down syndrome phenotype, highlighting physical features and cognitive and linguistic patterns of strength and weakness that impact reading development. Next, we define different reading subskills and outline typical reading development, including stages of prereading, learning to read, and transitioning to using reading as a tool for learning. We then use these stages to review what is known about reading in Down syndrome, including relevant intervention work. We also incorporate considerations for clinical practice. In particular, we encourage SLPs to advocate for supporting reading development in children with Down syndrome, to work with families to develop rich home literacy environments, and to work with educators to promote phonological awareness and decoding skills. Lastly, we note limitations in our current knowledge and include a call for more research.
Treatment with Buttress Plate Technique for Symptomatic Ulnar Styloid Base Nonunion
Authors: Kümbüloğlu Ömer Faruk , Cam Necmi , Özdemir Hacı Mustafa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Surgical treatment options for symptomatic ulnar styloid base nonunion can be divided into two groups: styloid excision and styloid fixation methods. Styloid fixation is commonly performed using tension band wiring or distal ulna hook plate. However, these methods are more suitable for large styloids than small ones. For this reason, fixation of small styloids still remains a problem.
Purpose To present the surgical details and results of patients operated using the buttress plate technique, due to the symptomatic ulnar styloid base nonunion.
Patients and Methods In this study, 11 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic ulnar styloid base nonunion using buttress plate technique were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were evaluated with the help of forearm and wrist range of motion, grip strength, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score and visual analogue pain score.
Results The mean follow-up period was 15 months (range: 13–21 months). Union was achieved in 10 patients. At the final follow-up, the forearm supination and pronation active range of motions were significantly higher than those in the preoperative period, the visual analogue pain score mean value was 0.7 (range: 0–5), and the DASH score mean value was 7 (range: 1–32).
Conclusion We conclude that good results can be achieved with the buttress plate technique in patients with both large and small fragmented ulnar styloid base nonunions and no distal radioulnar joint instability.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Precise, subnanosecond, and high-voltage switching enabled by gallium nitride electronics integrated into complex loads
Authors: Simonaitis John W. , Slayton Benjamin , Yang-Keathley Yugu , Keathley Phillip D. , Berggren Karl K. 
Published: July 2021

In this work, we report the use of commercial gallium nitride (GaN) power electronics to precisely switch complex distributed loads, such as electron lenses and deflectors. This was accomplished by taking advantage of the small form-factor, low-power dissipation, and high temperature compatibility of GaN field effect transistors (GaNFETs) to integrate pulsers directly into the loads to be switched, even under vacuum. This integration reduces parasitics to allow for faster switching and removes the requirement to impedance match the load to a transmission line by allowing for a lumped element approximation of the load even with subnanosecond switching. Depending on the chosen GaNFET and driver, these GaN pulsers are capable of generating pulses ranging from 100 to 650 V and 5 to 60 A in 0.25–8 ns using simple designs with easy control, few-nanosecond propagation delays, and MHz repetition rates. We experimentally demonstrate a simple 250 ps, 100 V pulser measured by using a directly coupled 2 GHz oscilloscope. By introducing resistive dampening, we can eliminate ringing to allow for precise 100 V transitions that complete a −10 to −90 V transition in 1.5 ns, limited primarily by the inductance of the oscilloscope measurement path. The performance of the pulser attached to various load structures is simulated, demonstrating the possibility of even faster switching of internal fields in these loads. We test these circuits under vacuum and up to 120 °C to demonstrate their flexibility. We expect these GaN pulsers to have broad application in fields such as optics, nuclear sciences, charged particle optics, and atomic physics that require nanosecond, high-voltage transitions.
Femtosecond dynamics and coherence of ionic retro-Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Li Shuai , Jochim Bethany , Jackson James E. , Dantus Marcos 
Published: July 2021

Ultrafast tunnel ionization enables femtosecond time-resolved dynamic measurements of the retro-Diels–Alder reactions of positively charged cyclohexene, norbornene, and dicyclopentadiene. Unlike the reaction times of 500–600 ps that are observed following UV excitation of neutral species, on the ionic potential energy surfaces, these reactions occur on a single picosecond timescale and, in some cases, exhibit vibrational coherence. In the case of norbornene, a 270 cm−1 vibrational mode is found to modulate the retro-Diels–Alder reaction.
A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential
Authors: Brown Marilyn A. , Dwivedi Puneet , Mani Sudhagar , Matisoff Daniel , Mohan Jacqueline E. , Mullen Jeffrey , Oxman Michael , Rodgers Michael , Simmons Richard , Beasley Blair , Polepeddi Lalith 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Only 22 states in the United States have climate action plans, and of these, only six consider carbon mitigation, negative emissions, and equity issues. In the absence of robust federal or state policy action, there is a need for subnational carbon abatement planning. However, many of the most robust frameworks for carbon abatement are at a global or national scale. We provide a framework for localizing an existing global roadmap of climate solutions for Georgia, a state located in the southeastern United States. We thereby provide a replicable model that documents how subnational actors can evaluate high-potential emission reduction and carbon removal solutions while considering systems of solutions and taking into account social, ecological, and technological issues and priorities.
Tracking the transition to agriculture in Southern Europe through ancient DNA analysis of dental calculus
Authors: Ottoni Claudio , Borić Dušan , Cheronet Olivia , Sparacello Vitale , Dori Irene , Coppa Alfredo , Antonović Dragana , Vujević Dario , Price T. Douglas , Pinhasi Ron , Cristiani Emanuela 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The oral microbial community living in symbiosis with humans is a rich and diverse driver of health and disease that is strongly influenced by our ecology and lifestyle. However, its evolution across human prehistory remains elusive. By analyzing the DNA entrapped in archaeological dental calculus, we characterize the oral microbiomes of 44 prehistoric foragers and farmers from Southern Europe. We demonstrate that the genome of an oral bacteria diversified geographically and recorded one of the most dramatic changes in our biological and cultural history, the spread of farming. The transition to agriculture did not alter significantly the oral microbiome of ancient humans, whereas more significant changes occurred later in history, including the development of peculiar antibiotic resistance pathways.
Estimating SARS-CoV-2 infections from deaths, confirmed cases, tests, and random surveys
Authors: Irons Nicholas J. , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 33 million people in the United States. Nationwide, over 600,000 have died in the COVID-19 pandemic, which has necessitated shutdowns of schools and sectors of the economy. The extent of the virus’ spread remains uncertain due to biases in test data. We combine multiple data sources to estimate the true number of infections in all US states. These data include representative random testing surveys from Indiana and Ohio, which provide potentially unbiased prevalence estimates. We find that approximately 60% of infections have gone unreported. Even so, only about 20% of the United States had been infected as of early March 2021, suggesting that the country was far from herd immunity at that point.