bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections of the transnational capitalist class on the global health: The case of India
Authors: Yavuz Betül 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to explore the transformations in the relation of global health and capitalism during the last three decades and its reflections on the nature of power relations between the state, local and transnational capital in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.

Methods
In this study, the effects of the developments in the international political economy after TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) in the global pharmaceutical sector and in the Indian local sector are examined within the framework of the International Relations discipline. In this sense, a historical review of the Global Patent Regime has been made and a literature review has been conducted on the global pharmaceutical industry, drug patents and post-TRIPS agreements. Qualitative research method is used in the study in which the literature review is evaluated in an empirical and theoretical framework.

Key findings
The Global Patent Regime has been constructed for the interests of the transnational capitalist hegemon and in this sense has increased inequality in the global health. However, when the changes created by the global economy in the pharmaceutical sector, cooperation between the Southern countries and state policies are analysed, it is seen that a struggle area has been formed. This struggle adds value to global health in terms of access to medicine.

Conclusions
In transnational capitalism, the emergence of the state in strategic sectors such as the pharmaceutical sector in India indicates a new political and economic power.
Axillary artery and brachial plexus injury secondary to blunt trauma
Authors: Foley James , Elamien Ahmed , McCann Brendan , McMonagle Morgan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rupture of the axillary artery after blunt trauma is an unusual injury, typically occurring in association with anterior dislocation of the shoulder or fracture-dislocation of the surgical head of the humerus. An associated blunt brachial plexus injury will typically accompany such an injury due to its intimate anatomical juxtaposition. We present the case of an elderly female, who presented after a fall from height, onto the outstretched arm, sustaining a combined axillary artery and brachial plexus blunt injury. The patient in this case recovered well post-operatively. The challenge in cases such as this is timely diagnosis and management of the vascular injury. The mechanism of injury combined with the presence or absence of hard signs of vascular injury should alert the clinician with rapid transition to investigation and management where appropriate, to minimise the warm ischaemic time to the upper limb and / or control of haemorrhage. Blunt injuries to the brachial plexus often require a prolonged period of time before accurate recovery can be prognosticated for.
Complex congenital lung malformation resection by uniportal VATS—case report
Authors: Hasenauer Arpad , Forster Céline , Ojanguren Amaya , Gonzalez Michel 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Bronchial atresia (BA) is a rare congenital pulmonary airway malformation. It is characterized by the focal stenosis of a proximal segmental bronchus associated with peripheral mucus impaction and hyperinflation of the obstructed lung segment. Most cases are identified during neonatal period or childhood. When diagnosed in adults, BA may present with recurrent infections, pneumothorax and destruction of affected parenchyma. Thoracoscopic approach to BA has proved challenging in adult patients because of repeated infections and subsequently, its inflammatory status. Herein we present a case of a 26-year-old female with left side recurrent pneumonia and pneumothorax past history. A chest computed tomography revealed a complex congenital bronchial atresia involving the left upper lobe and basal segments, associated to vascular anomalies. She underwent a successful uniportal VATS left upper lobectomy and resection of basal segments. Uniportal VATS approach is an effective and safe treatment for the management of complex congenital lung malformation.
#Godwin. A discursive analysis and typology of strategic references to the thirties and the Second World War in Flemish MPs’ tweets
Authors: Willaert Tom , Goyvaerts Jana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the wake of a series of late-2019 identitarian conflicts, public discourse in the Belgian region of Flanders was marked by references to the 1930s and 1940s as well as debates about the political appropriateness and significance of such historical allusions. Moving beyond a description of how historical references are condensed in digital political communication, the present article investigates a corpus of tweets sent from accounts of Flemish MPs in order to open up interdisciplinary perspectives on, among others, the dynamics of implicit and explicit accusations of fascism, and the complex, contested fields of speech in which the 1930s and 1940s are evoked on social media. It is thereby argued that (1) on Twitter, terminology associated with the 1930s and 1940s blurs boundaries between present and past, (2) that this conceptual flexibility allows these terms to be deployed in support of a range of political strategies, and (3) that these strategies share prominent accusatory aspects. The paper thus makes an evidence-based contribution to our understanding of how the memory and imagery of the 1930s and the Second World War strategically figure in digital political communication. These findings on online conflict and debate dynamics are supplemented with a methodological reflection on the gains of adopting a localized approach to the analysis of social media texts.
Perceptions of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Among U.S. Army Civilians and Dependents in the Kaiserslautern Military Community: A Mixed-Methods Survey
Authors: Burns Veronica M , Castillo Fritz M , Coldren Rodney L , Prosser Trisha , Howell Renee L , Kabbur Mahendra B 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Influenza is a globally occurring viral respiratory infection that can lead to hospitalizations and death. An influenza outbreak can interfere with combat readiness in a military setting, as the infection can incapacitate soldiers. Vaccination remains the most effective tool to prevent and mitigate seasonal influenza. Although influenza vaccinations for U.S. Army soldiers can be monitored through military health systems, those systems cannot capture DoD civilians and Army dependents who may not use military health services. This study aims to gauge flu vaccine uptake and perceptions in U.S. Army civilians and dependents.

Materials and Methods
An online survey was e-mailed to civilian and dependent enrollees of Landstuhl Regional Medical Center. The survey contained 24 questions pertaining to demographics, vaccine history, history of the flu, and beliefs toward vaccines. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regressions were performed to investigate the association between demographic, behavior, and belief factors with vaccine uptake. Free-text answers were coded and categorized by themes.

Results
Over 70% of respondents were vaccinated for the flu. There were differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated respondents regarding their perceptions of barriers to vaccination, benefits of the flu vaccine, severity of flu symptoms, and personal risk of getting ill with the flu. After controlling for confounders, flu vaccination in the previous season and healthcare worker status were associated with increased vaccine uptake, while perceived barriers to influenza vaccination were associated with decreased vaccine uptake.

Conclusions
Flu vaccine uptake may be increased by increasing access to vaccination, promoting vaccination and addressing concerns at the provider level, and engaging positively framed public messaging. Increasing flu vaccine uptake is of particular importance as the flu season approaches during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.
Aspirin for Deep-Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: McIntire Sean C , Bernstein Ethan M , Tompane Trevor M , Briggs Avery M , Ferris William J , Renninger Christopher H , McDonald Lucas S , Hurvitz Andrew P 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate whether a daily full-dose aspirin regimen after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction reduces the risk of postoperative symptomatic deep-venous thrombosis (DVT).Materials and MethodsSingle-center retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from 2007 to 2016. One thousand two hundred thirty-three patients met inclusion criteria: 821 patients received no chemoprophylaxis and 412 patients received daily full-dose aspirin.ResultsA total of 10 patients, seven receiving no chemoprophylaxis and three using aspirin, sustained a postoperative symptomatic DVT. Calculated adjusted odds ratio for symptomatic postoperative DVT for aspirin versus no chemoprophylaxis was 0.928 (95% CI 0.237-3.629, P value = 0.91). Odds ratio for symptomatic postoperative DVT occurrence among tobacco users versus non-tobacco users was 3.76 (95% CI 1.077-13.124, P = 0.04).ConclusionsNo statistically significant difference was observed in postoperative symptomatic DVT after ACL reconstruction in those who received full-dose aspirin chemoprophylaxis versus those with no chemoprophylaxis. Additionally, there was a significantly increased risk of postoperative symptomatic DVT with tobacco use.
Hot Flashes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Among Women With HIV
Authors: Toribio Mabel , Fulda Evelynne S , Chu Sarah M , Drobni Zsofia D , Awadalla Magid , Cetlin Madeline , Stanley Takara L , North Crystal M , Nelson Michael D , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Szczepaniak Lidia S , Burdo Tricia H , Looby Sara E , Neilan Tomas G , Zanni Markella V 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWomen with HIV (WWH) transitioning through menopause have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the general population, hot flash burden relates to CVD risk indices. We found higher hot flash burden among women with vs without HIV. Further, among WWH, hot flash burden related to select CVD risk indices.ClinicalTrials.gov RegistrationNCT02874703.
Clinical and Laboratory Follow-up After Hospitalization for COVID-19 at an Italian Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Spinicci Michele , Vellere Iacopo , Graziani Lucia , Tilli Marta , Borchi Beatrice , Mencarini Jessica , Campolmi Irene , Gori Leonardo , Rasero Laura , Fattirolli Francesco , Olivotto Iacopo , Lavorini Federico , Marchionni Niccolò , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Bartoloni Alessandro ,   Careggi Post-acute COVID-19 Study Group, Fumagalli Carlo , Silverii Maria Vittoria , Ciani Luca , Zocchi Chiara , Tassetti Luigi , Marcucci Rossella , Giusti Betti , Livi Luca , Giovannoni Lorenzo , Parronchi Paola , Almerigogna Fabio , Annunziato Francesco , Mazzoni Alessio , Maggi Laura , Liotta Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Vultaggio Alessandra , Matucci Andrea , Sticci Silvia , Donati Martina , Defraia Cecilia , Giansanti Fabrizio , Bacherini Daniela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We evaluated 100 postacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients a median (interquartile range) of 60 (48–67) days after discharge from the Careggi University Hospital, Italy. Eighty-four (84%) had at least 1 persistent symptom, irrespective of COVID-19 severity. A considerable number of hospital readmissions (10%) and/or infectious diseases (14%) during the postdischarge period were reported.
A Risk Score to Predict Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Aukes Laurie , Fireman Bruce , Lewis Edwin , Timbol Julius , Hansen John , Yu Holly , Cai Bing , Gonzalez Elisa , Lawrence Jody , Klein Nicola P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of severe diarrhea. In this retrospective study, we identified CDI risk factors by comparing demographic and clinical characteristics for Kaiser Permanente Northern California members ≥18 years old with and without laboratory-confirmed incident CDI.

Methods
We included these risk factors in logistic regression models to develop 2 risk scores that predict future CDI after an Index Date for Risk Score Assessment (IDRSA), marking the beginning of a period for which we estimated CDI risk.

Results
During May 2011 to July 2014, we included 9986 CDI cases and 2 230 354 members without CDI. The CDI cases tended to be older, female, white race, and have more hospitalizations, emergency department and office visits, skilled nursing facility stays, antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor use, and specific comorbidities. Using hospital discharge as the IDRSA, our risk score model yielded excellent performance in predicting the likelihood of developing CDI in the subsequent 31–365 days (C-statistic of 0.848). Using a random date as the IDRSA, our model also predicted CDI risk in the subsequent 31–365 days reasonably well (C–statistic 0.722).

Conclusions
These results can be used to identify high-risk populations for enrollment in C difficile vaccine trials and facilitate study feasibility regarding sample size and time to completion.
Supplementing Extraoperative Electrocorticography With Real-Time Intraoperative Recordings Using the Same Chronically Implanted Electrodes
Authors: Warsi Nebras M , Narvacan Karl , Donner Elizabeth , Go Cristina , Strantzas Samuel , Ochi Ayako , Otsubo Hiroshi , Sharma Roy , Snead O Carter , Ibrahim George M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The practice of intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) to guide resective epilepsy surgery is variable. Limitations of iECoG include variability in recordings from previously unsampled cortex, increased operative time and cost, and a lack of clear benefit to surgical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a simple technique to supplement extraoperative intracranial recordings with real-time iECoG using the same chronically implanted electrodes that overcome some of these limitations.

METHODS
We describe the technical procedure, intraoperative findings, and outcomes of 7 consecutive children undergoing 2-stage resective epilepsy surgery with invasive subdural grid monitoring between January 2017 and December 2019. All children underwent placement of subdural grids, strips, and depth electrodes. Planned neocortical resection was based on extraoperative mapping of ictal and interictal recordings. During resection in the second stage, the same electrodes were used to perform real-time iECoG.

RESULTS
Real-time iECoG using this technique leads to modification of resection for 2 of the 7 children. The first was extended due to an electroencephalographic seizure from a distant electrode not part of the original resection plan. The second was restricted due to attenuation of epileptiform activity following a partial resection, thereby limiting the extent of a Rolandic resection. No infections or other adverse events were encountered.

CONCLUSION
We report a simple technique to leverage chronically implanted electrodes for real-time iECoG during 2-stage resective surgery. This technique presents fewer limitations than traditional approaches and may alter intraoperative decision-making.
Refractory Chronic Pain and Obesity: Promising Implications for Multidisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: Pudalov Lauren R , Krause Steven J , Heinberg Leslie J , Hogue Olivia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Individuals with obesity frequently contend with chronic pain, but few studies address the clinical impact of coordinated pain services on this population. The current study addresses this topic by comparing the effectiveness of a comprehensive pain rehabilitation program for patients with and without obesity.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of registry data was conducted. Obesity was considered as one of three weight groups, based on the following body mass index cutoffs: normal weight (18.5 to &lt; 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to &lt; 30 kg/m2), and obese (&gt; 30 kg/m2). These groups were compared on the Pain Severity Ratings (PSR) Scale, the Pain Disability Index (PDI), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales—Short Form (DASS-SF).

Results
Groups differed on baseline pain disability and depression. Patients with obesity had higher scores on both the PDI (P = .028) and the DASS-SF depression subscale (P = .006). Contrary to the hypothesis, after controlling for baseline score and sex there were no significant differences between weight groups with regards to PSR, PDI, or any DASS-SF subscale at discharge. At 1-year follow-up, individuals who were overweight and obese had significantly more anxiety compared to individuals whose weight was in the normal range.

Conclusions
Multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs appear to be an effective treatment intervention for patients who have concomitant chronic pain and obesity, to a degree comparable to patients who have chronic pain but do not contend with obesity. Implications for program development, clinical interventions, and future research are discussed.
Incidence of lung cancer following pneumonia in smokers: a population-based study
Authors: Shepshelovich D , Barda N , Goldvaser H , Dagan N , Zer A , Diker-Cohen T , Balicer R , Gafter-Gvili A 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Background
Pneumonia is more common in smokers compared with non-smokers. A high 1-year prevalence of lung cancer following hospitalization for pneumonia was demonstrated in heavy smokers.

Aim
To assess the association between hospitalization for pneumonia among ever-smokers and subsequent lung cancer risk.

Design
Retrospective analysis.

Methods
The study cohort included all ever-smokers aged 55–80 hospitalized for pneumonia between the years 2010–15 covered by a large medical insurer in Israel. Controls were matched to cases by age in a 4:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent 1-year incidence of lung cancer, adjusted for gender, smoking status (past/current) and pack years. Pre-specified sensitivity analyses excluded heavy smokers (smoking history of more than 30 pack years) and patients diagnosed with lung cancer within 30 days of hospitalization, as they probably had clinical or radiological findings suggestive of lung cancer, making them ineligible for screening.

Results
Lung cancer was identified in 275 of 12 807 (2.1%) patients following hospitalization for pneumonia and in 44 of 51 228 (0.1%) controls (adjusted odds ratio 22.46, 95% CI 16.29–30.96, P &lt; 0.001). Among patients hospitalized for pneumonia, 1-year lung cancer incidence remained high after excluding heavy smokers and patients diagnosed within 30 days of the index date (1.3% and 1.4%, respectively).

Conclusions
Hospitalization for pneumonia is associated with high 1-year incidence of lung cancer in ever-smokers, supporting the important role of the widely used practice of performing follow up imaging post-pneumonia to exclude occult malignancy.
COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO OSL READERS FOR THE PERSONAL DOSE EQUIVALENT HP(10) MEASUREMENT
Authors: Njiki Calvin Didier , Ndah Thierry Ndzana , Ben Bolie Germain H , Beyala Ateba Jean Féli , Simo Augustin , Yigbedeck Yolande Huguette Ebele 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Technical performances of two optically stimulated luminescence readers including, a microStar reader and an Auto 200 reader both manufactured by Landauer, Inc. were studied by the National Radiation Protection Agency Dosimetry Laboratory using manufacturer and International Electrotechnical Commission requirements. The two reader tools demonstrated satisfactory results as they met all the requirements. The two readers showed similar performance for the overall uncertainty and the Coefficient of Variation tests. The microStar reader showed better performances for the linearity and quality control tests, whereas the Auto 200 reader has a lower limit of detection. Moreover, an average shift of 0.08 mSv exists when measuring the doses with the two readers.
Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase1
Authors: Vonnahme Kimberly A , Mueller Adam , Nelson Daniel A , Vasquez-Hidalgo Manuel Alexander , Amodie Deborah , Short Thomas H , Mellencamp Martha A , Galina Pantoja Lucina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2–10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1–3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1–3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.