bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Regulation on Cross-Border Security and Quasi-Security
Authors: Isaacs Stuart , Toube Felicity , Segal Nick , Marshall Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of insolvency proceedings recognized by the Regulation on the rights of secured creditors, particularly the rights of such creditors to enforce their security and participate in the relevant insolvency proceedings. It also considers the impact of the Regulation on banks which hold security/quasi-security, addressing in particular the cross-frontier security rights of banks which hold security over the assets of companies or persons who enter into insolvency proceedings regulated by the Regulation, and the effect of those insolvency proceedings on the banks’ security interests. The chapter identifies those Articles of the Regulation which are particularly relevant to the position of a bank as a secured creditor, addresses the interpretation of those provisions (including the identification of difficult points of construction), and considers the practical aspects and the issues which are likely to face banks seeking to enforce security following the Regulation coming into force.
DUTY OF CARE
Authors: Fairgrieve Duncan , Squires QC Dan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to succeed in a negligence action, the claimant must establish that he or she was owed a ‘duty of care’ by the defendant. The following chapter examines the tests the courts apply to determine whether a duty is owed. It also considers the impact of jurisprudence of the European Court on Human Rights on imposition of a duty, and the particular difficulties imposing a duty in cases of pure economic losses, psychiatric harm and omissions. Not all aspects of duty of care are considered in this chapter. We examine whether imposition of a duty is fair, just, and reasonable in Chapter 4 and the related issue of justiciability in Chapter 2.
Diabetes in pregnancy and risk of near-miss, maternal mortality and foetal outcomes in the USA: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Tavera Gabriella , Dongarwar Deepa , Salemi Jason L , Akindela Oyinkansola , Osazuwa Itohan , Akpan Eyerusalem B , Okolie Ugonna , Johnson Marilynn , Spooner Kiara K , Akpan Ubong I , Yusuf Korede K , Chukwudum Chidinma , Salihu Hamisu M , Olaleye Omonike A 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The prevalence of diabetes in pregnant women has increased in the USA over recent decades. The primary aim of this study was to assess the association between diabetes in pregnancy and maternal near-miss incident, maternal mortality and selected adverse foetal outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis among pregnancy-related hospitalizations in USA between 2002 and 2014. We examined the association between DM and GDM as exposures and maternal in-hospital mortality, maternal cardiac arrest, early onset of delivery, poor foetal growth and stillbirth as the outcome variables.

Results
Among the 57.3 million pregnant women in the study population, the prevalence of GDM and DM was 5.4 and 1.3%, respectively. We found that pregnant women with DM were three times more likely to experience cardiac arrest (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 2.57–4.01) and in-hospital maternal death (OR = 3.05; 95% CI = 2.45–3.79), as compared to those without DM. Among pregnant women with GDM and DM, the risk for early onset of delivery was higher, compared to women without GDM or DM.

Conclusion
A diagnosis of diabetes prior to pregnancy contributes significantly to the risk of maternal cardiac arrest, maternal mortality and adverse foetal outcomes.
William Owen Pughe and Romantic Rewritings of the Poetry of Llywarch Hen
Authors: Kaminski-Jones Rhys 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article details the Romantic-era reception of mediaeval Welsh poetry ascribed to the bard Llywarch Hen, which was first translated and published by William Owen Pughe in the early 1790s. Llywarchian poetry, under-acknowledged by the anglophone critical tradition, is revealed as a significant overlooked source within Romantic-era bardic revivalism, in part thanks to Owen Pughe’s prominence in Romantic literary networks. Owen Pughe’s translations are positioned in relation to Macpherson’s Ossian, and interpreted as attempts to capitalize on the allure of Ossianic tropes whilst simultaneously placating anti-Ossianic scepticism. The article then goes on to examine the use of these translations in works by Robert Southey, Walter Scott, and Felicia Hemans, all of whose receptions of the material were mediated by Owen Pughe himself. Throughout, the ambivalence of critical and authorial pronouncements on the translations is contrasted with the evident fascination they elicited in Romantic authors, with this tension examined in relation to recent critical debates about authority and revivalist efficacy in Romantic literary antiquarianism. The article ends by using R. S. Thomas’s reception of Llywarch in the 1970s to connect Romantic and modern adaptations of this material, establishing a Llywarchian chain of influence in archipelagic British literature that deserves further critical engagement.
Real and Private-Value Assets
Authors: Goetzmann William N , Spaenjers Christophe , Van Nieuwerburgh Stijn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReal and private-value assets—defined here as the sum of real estate, infrastructure, collectibles, and noncorporate business equity—compose an investment class worth an estimated $84 trillion in the U.S. alone. Furthermore, private values can affect pricing in many other financial markets, such as that for sustainable investments. This paper introduces the research on real assets and private values that can be found in this special issue. It also reviews recent advances and highlights new research directions on a number of topics in the real assets space that we believe to be particularly important and exciting.
MTX optimization or adding bDMARD equally improve disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the prospective study STRATEGE
Authors: Gaujoux-Viala Cécile , Hudry Christophe , Zinovieva Elena , Herman-Demars Hélène , Flipo René-Marc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The STRATEGE (Therapeutic Strategy in Patients Treated With Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis) study aimed to describe treatment strategies in current practice in RA biologic DMARD (bDMARD)-naïve patients with an inadequate response to MTX therapy, and to compare clinical efficacy of the different therapeutic strategies on disease activity after 6 months.

Methods
The main inclusion criteria of this prospective, observational, multicentre study were confirmed RA diagnosis, treatment by MTX monotherapy and need for therapeutic management modification.

Results
The 722 patients included had a mean (s.d.) RA duration of 5.3 (6.7) years, a mean DAS28 of 4.0 (1.1); they were all receiving MTX monotherapy, 68% oral, at a mean dose of 15.0 (4.1) mg/week. Two major strategies were identified: (i) MTX monotherapy dose and/or route optimization (72%) and (ii) bDMARD initiation ± MTX (16%). MTX dosing was modified for 70% of patients, maintained (dose and route) for 28% of patients and interrupted for 2%. bDMARDs were started when the MTX mean dose was 17.4 mg/week, 56% parenterally; MTX was maintained concomitantly for 96% of patients. Six-month follow-up results adjusted by propensity score showed that both options were equally successful in improving disease activity and physical function, with 63 and 68% of good-to-moderate EULAR responses, respectively.

Conclusion
The STRATEGE study shows the importance of initial MTX treatment optimization before initiation of a biological treatment and emphasizes the importance of treat-to-target strategy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02288520.
Morbidity and mortality in adult-onset IgA vasculitis: a long-term population-based cohort study
Authors: Nossent Johannes , Raymond Warren , Isobel Keen Helen , Preen David , Inderjeeth Charles 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
With sparse data available, we investigated mortality and risk factors in adults with IgA vasculitis (IgAV).

Methods
This was an observational population-based cohort study using state-wide linked longitudinal health data for hospitalized adults with IgAV (n = 267) and matched comparators (n = 1080) between 1980 and 2015. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and serious infections (SIs) were recorded over an extensive lookback period prior to diagnosis. Date and causes of death were extracted from the Western Australia Death Registry. Mortality rate (deaths/1000 person-years) ratios (MRRs) and hazard ratio (HR) for survival were assessed.

Results
During 9.9 (9.8) years lookback patients with IgAV accrued higher CCI scores (2.60 vs 1.50, P &lt; 0.001) and had higher risk of SI (OR = 8.4, P &lt; 0.001), not fully explained by CCI scores. During 19 years’ follow-up, the rate of death in patients with IgAV (n = 137) was higher than in comparators (n = 397) (MRR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.70–2.50; P &lt; 0.01) and the general population (standardized mortality rate ratio = 5.64, 95% CI: 4.25, 7.53; P &lt; 0.001). Survival in IgAV was reduced at 5 (72.7 vs 89.7%) and 20 years (45.2% vs 65.6%) (both P &lt; 0.05). CCI (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.73; P = 0.001), renal failure (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.22; P = 0.03) and prior SI (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.16; P = 0.04) were independent risk factors. Death from infections (5.8 vs 1.8%, P = 0.02) was significantly more frequent in patients with IgAV.

Conclusion
Premorbid comorbidity accrual appears increased in hospitalized patients with IgAV and predicts premature death. As comorbidity does not fully explain the increased risk of premorbid infections or the increased mortality due to infections in IgAV, prospective studies are needed.
Assess and Address Vestiges of Childhood Trauma in the Social Work Classroom
Authors: Lyter Sharon Colleen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies indicate that, for some, the appeal of the helping professions—including medicine, psychology, and social work—is their own history of trauma. Often labeled “wounded healers,” these people are believed to be motivated to help others, in part, by their own wounds. As social work educators, we have an obligation to remain informed about this phenomenon. Rates of depression and suicide as well as the important role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the lives of professional helpers behoove us to assess the challenges and provide effective classroom management and methods. This quantitative design, with consideration of action and translational research, included use of the Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brief Resilience, and Life Satisfaction scales. The BSW and MSW students in the study were found to have relatively high levels of adverse childhood experiences but also overall positive scores in resilience and life satisfaction. No relationship was found between ACEs and either brief resilience or life satisfaction. A low positive correlation was found between resilience and life satisfaction. The lower scores among non-White cultural groups demand further inquiry.
CDKN2A deregulation in fatty liver disease and its accelerative role in the process of lipogenesis
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Wen Huiqing , Peng Bangjian , Weng Jun , Zeng Fanhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious literature has indicated that cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A (CDKN2A) is upregulated, while the Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT1 (PIAS1) is downregulated in the liver tissues of obese mice. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between CDKN2A and PIAS1 in the lipogenesis of fatty liver disease. In the C57BL/6J db/db mouse model and hepatocyte model of fatty liver, the expression pattern of CDKN2A, PIAS1, Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and CASP8 and FADD‐like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) was characterized by RNA quantitative and Western blot analysis. The lipogenesis‐related genes (Srebp1c and Fas) in the liver tissues and cells were employed in the assessment of lipogenesis in response to gain‐ or loss‐of‐function of CDKN2A, PIAS1, PRMT1, and CFLAR, while triglyceride and fat content were evaluated in relation to fat accumulation. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, while the ubiquitination of CFLAR and SUMOylation of PIAS1 was examined by immunoprecipitation. PIAS1 and CFLAR were downregulated, while CDKN2A, PRMT1, and phosphorylation of JNK was elevated in the tissues and cells of the fatty liver models. Our results suggested that CDKN2A enhanced the SUMOylation of PIAS1 to reduce the expression of PIAS1. PRMT1 downregulated CFLAR by triggering its ubiquitination, while CFLAR repressed phosphorylation of JNK. The in vitro and in vivo results indicated that CDKN2A silencing prevented lipogenesis and fat accumulation by impairing the PRMT1‐dependent ubiquitination of CFLAR and blocking the phosphorylation of JNK. Taken together, the central observations of our study demonstrate that targeting CDKN2A contributes to the suppression of lipogenesis and fat accumulation in fatty liver disease. The findings of our study highlight the potential of CDKN2A as a promising target against fatty liver.
Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4 attenuates lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinzhao , Liu Zhaoyun , Sun Jujie , Song Xiang , Bian Mengxue , Wang Fukai , Yan Feng , Yu Zhiyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLymphangiogenesis is thought to contribute to promote tumor cells to enter lymphatic vessels and plant at a secondary site. Endothelial cells are the cornerstone of the generation of new lymphatic vessels. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is the most abundant one of NADPH oxidases in endothelial cells and the most studied one in relevance with cancer. Our purpose is to analyze the relationship between Nox4 and lymphangiogenesis and find out whether the newborn lymphatic vessels lead to cancer metastasis. We first explored the expression of Nox4 in lymphatic endothelial cells of primary invasive breast tumors and human normal mammary glands using GEO databases and found that Nox4 was upregulated in primary invasive breast tumors samples. In addition, its high expression correlated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Nox4 could increase the tube formation and lymphatic vessel sprouting in a three‐dimensional setting. In vivo, inhibition of Nox4 in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice could significantly decrease the tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis. Nox4 may increase tumor lymphangiogenesis via ROS/ERK/CCL21 pathway and attract CCR7‐positive breast cancer cells to entry lymphatic vessels and distant organs. In conclusion, our results show that Nox4 is a factor that promotes lymphangiogenesis and is a potential target of antitumor metastasis.
An Investigation on the Guideline Adherence in Opioid Addiction Treatment and the Causes of Nonadherences
Authors: Hoseiny Morasa S.M. Hesam , Haghighi Mohammad , Ataei Sara , Rangchian Maryam 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
This study was aimed to evaluate the level of adherence to the World Health Organization and American Society of Addiction Medicine guidelines regarding opioids addiction medications and to identify the causes of nonadherence, in Hamadan.

Materials and Methods:
The patients’ records were used to obtain data on the patients’ demographics and treatment process. The adherence to the mentioned guidelines was evaluated and reasons for nonadherence were asked from physicians.

Results:
At the time of the study, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) were the only common opioid addiction treatments in Hamadan. The number of the cases in BMT and MMT group was 18 and 142, respectively. The rate of the treatment course accomplishment (passing 4 stages) was 4.2% for MMT and 0% for BMT. In the induction phase, the adherence rates regarding initial dosing and regular weekly visits were 66.7 and 27.8% for BMT, beside 27.5, and 60.6% for MMT. Concerning the stabilization stage, the dosage amount, dose modification, and regular visits, respectively, 41.5%, 24.6%, and 27.5% of MMT cases were performed in adherence to the guidelines, whereas adherence of dose selection for BMT was 11.1%. In the MMT elimination stage, 33.3% compliance was observed; no case of BMT had continued the treatment to this stage. No discrepancy was because of the physicians’ disbelief in clinical guidelines; they were either aimed to tailor the treatment with a patient’s condition or resulted from familial, sociocultural, and financial problems.

Conclusions:
Overall, enhancement of patients and their families’ awareness about medication process appears necessary.
Role of Janus Kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis treatment
Authors: Reddy Virginia , Cohen Stanley 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
To review recently published articles on use of Janus Kinase inhibitors (Jaki) in the clinic for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Recent findings
Several Jaki have been approved for RA patients failing csDMARDS. Over the last 2 years, EULAR and ACR have published updated recommendations for the pharmacologic management of RA providing guidance on the utilization of Jaki after csDMARD failure. Clinical trials have been published addressing the efficacy of Jaki monotherapy as patients often choose monotherapy because of a desire to avoid multiple therapies and aggravating adverse events with csDMARDs. Previous clinical trials have compared the efficacy and safety of Jaki to adalimumab, and a trial comparing abatacept to upadacitinib has recently been published. An increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been suggested with Jaki and additional information has recently become available with conflicting results.

Summary
Jaki are now standard therapy for RA patients failing csDMARDs and are being utilized frequently as an alternative to biologics in patients without risk factors for VTE. Jaki monotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective, although combination therapy has been demonstrated to be superior in clinical and radiographic outcomes. Preliminary data suggests that cycling through Jaki in patients with incomplete response to initial Jaki treatment may be an appropriate strategy.
Cannabis Abuse and Perioperative Complications Following Inpatient Spine Surgery in the United States
Authors: Chiu Ryan G. , Patel Saavan , Siddiqui Neha , Nunna Ravi S. , Mehta Ankit I. 
Published: March 2021

Mini
Due to its complicated legal status, the effects of cannabis on elective spine surgery patients have not been well studied. In this nationwide analysis, we find that cannabis abuse is associated with higher perioperative thromboembolism and neurologic complications, respiratory complications, sepsis, length of stay, hospital charges, and rates of unfavorable discharge disposition.

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort analysis of a nationwide administrative database.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between cannabis abuse and serious adverse events following elective spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Cannabis is the most popular illicit drug in the United States, and its use has been increasing in light of state efforts to decriminalize and legalize its use for both medical and recreational purposes. Its legal status has long precluded extensive research into its adverse effects, and to date, little research has been done on the sequelae of cannabis on surgical patients, particularly in spine surgery.

Methods.
The 2012–2015 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for all patients undergoing common elective spine surgery procedures. These patients were then grouped by the presence of concurrent diagnosis of cannabis use disorder and compared with respect to various peri- and postoperative complications, all-cause mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was utilized to control for potential baseline confounders.

Results.
A total of 423,978 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria, 2393 (0.56%) of whom had cannabis use disorder. After controlling for baseline characteristics and comorbid tobacco use, these patients similar inpatient mortality, but higher rates of perioperative thromboembolism (odds ratio [OR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–4.0; P = 0.005), respiratory complications (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4–2.9; P < 0.001), neurologic complications such as stroke and anoxic brain injury (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.2–7.5; P = 0.007), septicemia/sepsis (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5; P = 0.031), and nonroutine discharge (P < 0.001), as well as increased lengths of stay (7.1 vs. 5.2 days, P < 0.001) and hospitalization charges ($137,631.30 vs. $116,112.60, P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
Cannabis abuse appears to be associated with increased perioperative morbidity among spine surgery patients. Physicians should ensure that a thorough preoperative drug use history is taken, and that affected patients be adequately informed of associated risks.

Level of Evidence: 3
Effect of Minimally Invasive Selective Laminectomy for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy on Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kurihara Kota , Iba Kousuke , Teramoto Atsushi , Emori Makoto , Hirota Ryosuke , Oshigiri Tsutomu , Ogon Izaya , Iesato Noriyuki , Terashima Yoshinori , Takashima Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: March 2021

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the slippage, sagittal alignment, and range of motion (ROM) after selective laminectomy (SL) in patients who had cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

Summary of Background Data:
Clinical outcomes have been reported for both decompression and fusion surgeries for DS of the lumbar spine. However, only a few reports have examined cervical spine spondylolisthesis.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 178 patients who underwent SL for CSM. Those with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were excluded. Slippage >2 mm was defined as spondylolisthesis, and spondylolisthesis progression was defined as an additional displacement >2 mm on a neutral radiograph. The slippage, translational motion, C2–C7 angle, local kyphosis, and ROM were examined before and ≥2 years after surgery. Radiologic parameters were evaluated according to the slip direction and the number of laminae removed.

Results:
DS was observed in 29 patients (16.3%); 24 patients, comprising 9 and 15 in the anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis groups, respectively, were successfully followed up for more than 2 years. Preoperative and postoperative radiologic changes in slippage, translational motion, C2–C7 angle, local kyphosis, and ROM were not remarkable in either group regardless of the number of laminae removed. Revision surgery for the progression of DS and alignment deterioration was not required in any patient of either group.

Conclusions:
SL does not affect DS, sagittal alignment, or ROM irrespective of the slip direction and the number of laminae removed, even after >2 years after surgery. Given the preservation of the posterior elements, SL may be an effective treatment for CSM with DS.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.