bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reference Effect of Delay Announcements: A Field Experiment
Authors: Yu Qiuping , Allon Gad , Bassamboo Achal 
Published: February 2021

We explore whether customers are loss averse in time and how delay information may impact such reference-dependent behavior using observational and field experiment data from two call centers of an Israeli bank. We consider settings with no announcements and announcements of different accuracy levels. We face two key challenges: (1) we do not observe the reference points customers use in our data, as any other field studies, and (2) it is difficult to separate the reference-dependent behavior from the potential nonlinear waiting cost of customers. To address these challenges, we develop a dynamic decision model with consumer learning, through which we infer the reference point each customer used during any given call. The reference points may be different across different customers and evolve across different calls of the same customers. We also exclude the alternative explanation by showing that our main reference-dependent models better explain the observed customer abandonment than models where customers have nonlinear waiting cost. Our results indicate that customers are loss averse regardless of the availability or accuracy of the announcements when their waiting time is relatively long (≥ 90s). Although delay announcements do not alter the nature that customers are loss averse, accurate announcements may affect customers’ belief about the offered waiting time and thus, impact the reference points. Through counterfactual studies, we demonstrate that providing delay announcements improves the call center performance given the loss aversion behavior observed in our data. Interestingly, as customers become more loss averse, the value of providing delay announcements decreases. This paper was accepted by Terry Taylor, operations management.
Middle Managers, Personnel Turnover, and Performance: A Long‐Term Field Experiment in a Retail Chain
Authors: Friebel Guido , Heinz Matthias , Zubanov Nikolay 
Published: February 2021

In a randomized controlled trial, a large retail chain’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) sets new goals for the managers of the treated stores by asking them to “do what they can” to reduce the employee quit rate. The treatment decreases the quit rate by a fifth to a quarter, lasting nine months before petering out, but reappearing after a reminder. There is no treatment effect on sales. Further analysis reveals that treated store managers spend more time on human resources (HR) and less on customer service. Our findings show that middle managers are instrumental in reducing personnel turnover, but they face a trade-off between investing in different activities in a multitasking environment with limited resources. The treatment does produce efficiency gains. However, these occur only at the firm level. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Predicting Behavior of Steel-Clad, Wood-Framed Shear Walls under Cyclic Lateral Loading
Authors: Mai Khoi D. , Cofer William F. , Bender Donald A. 
Published: February 2021

HighlightsA finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed to predict behavior of steel-clad, wood-framed (SCWF) shear walls under cyclic loading.This FEA model will be useful in determining post-frame building response to seismic forces.The model will save time and money in developing design coefficients and planning experiments for SCWF shear walls.Abstract. This article presents finite element (FEA) model results of steel-clad, wood-framed (SCWF) shear walls under cyclic lateral loading. The shear wall model consists of beam elements to model framing members, equivalent orthotropic plane stress elements to model corrugated steel cladding, linear spring elements to model nail connectors between framing members, and nonlinear hysteresis spring elements to model screw connectors. Screw connectors attaching steel panels to wood framing and steel panels to steel panels at lap joints were tested under cyclic loading to provide the constitutive relationships needed. A modified Bouc-Wen-Barber-Noori (BWBN) model was developed to capture slack, pinching, and strength and stiffness degradation of screw connectors under cyclic loading. The finite element models were validated by comparing them with experimental test results of six different SCWF shear wall configurations. Predicted peak shear strengths for most load cycles were slightly higher than those from the experimental tests, especially for stitched shear walls. Visual inspection of the FEA predicted hysteretic load curves demonstrated that pinching, and strength and stiffness degradation were well captured. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of the FEA model for comparative studies of different SCWF shear wall constructions under cyclic lateral loading. Keywords: Cyclic lateral loading, Diaphragm design, Post-frame building, Steel-clad wood-frame diaphragm.
Quantitative investigation of abrasive grit size dependency of subsurface damages for the metal-bonded abrasives on Zerodur glass-ceramic
Authors: Karci Özgür , Beldek Tuğba B. 
Published: February 2021

We present a quantitative evaluation of abrasive grit size dependency of subsurface damages on Zerodur glass-ceramic substrates induced by precision grinding. The depths of subsurface damages are evaluated for the metal-bonded grinding cup tools with four different grit sizes, D126, D64, D35, and D15, for the fixed nominal grinding process parameters. The micro-crack depth is driven by the mechanism between the abrasive grit and brittle glass, which generates median or radial cracks through the bulk material. The initiation and propagation of subsurface damages beneath the brittle glass-ceramic substrate of Zerodur are explored by the cross-sectional polishing method, which takes advantage of the optical contact bonding method without any adhesive, and are imaged by scanning electron microscopy. A novel hybrid methodology, which comprises both destructive and non-destructive subsurface evaluation tools, is developed and employed for evaluating the micro-cracks quantitively. The procedure is based on a repetitive and consecutive chemical acid etching after the surface is grounded, flat substrate polishing with a conventional polishing machine, a white light interferometer, and an image analysis. The four grit sizes, D126, D64, D35, and D15, correspond to the rough cut through to the complete precision grinding’s fine cut. The subsurface damages are measured to be 71 µm, 35 µm, 25 µm, and 7 µm from rough to fine grit sizes. The results are consistent with the theoretical model and previous work.
New circulation of genotype V of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in humans from Spain
Authors: Monsalve Arteaga Lia , Muñoz Bellido Juan Luis , Negredo Ana Isabel , García Criado Jorge , Vieira Lista Maria Carmen , Sánchez Serrano Jesús Ángel , Vicente Santiago María Belén , López Bernús Amparo , de Ory Manchón Fernando , Sánchez Seco María Paz , Leralta Nuria , Alonso Sardón Montserrat , Muro Antonio , Belhassen-García Moncef 
Published: February 2021

Background
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease caused by the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). CCHFV has been implicated in severe viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks. During the summer of 2016, the first two cases with genotype III (Africa 3) were reported in Spain. The first objective of our study was to determine the presence of CCHFV among patients with febrile illness during the spring and summer periods in 2017 and 2018. Finally, we perform a phylogenetic analysis to determine the genotype of the virus.

Methodology
We prospectively evaluated patients aged 18 years and older who came to the emergency department at the Salamanca’s University Hospital (HUS) with fever. Specific IgM and IgG antibodies against CCHFV by ELISA and one immunofluorescence assay against two different proteins (nucleoprotein and glycoprotein C) was done. Moreover, molecular detection by Real Time PCR was performed in all collected samples. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out to genetically characterize CCHFV detected in this study.

Principal findings
A total of 133 patients were selected. The mean age was 67.63 years and 60.9% were male. One-third of the patients presented an acute undifferentiated febrile illness. Three patients had anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies, suggesting a previous infection. One patient had anti-CCHFV IgM antibodies and a confirmatory RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus corresponds to the European genotype V. This patient came to the emergency department at HUS in August 2018 presenting an acute febrile syndrome with thrombopenia and liver impairment.

Conclusions
We describe a new circulation of European genotype V CCHFV in Spain. Moreover, this study suggests that CCHFV is an identifiable cause of febrile illness of unknown origin in Spain. Thus, CCHF could be suspected in patients with fever, liver damage, and/or haemorrhagic disorders, particularly in people with risk activities who present in the spring or summer.
Mental disorders following electrical injuries—A register-based, matched cohort study
Authors: Biering Karin , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Kærgaard Anette , Carstensen Ole , Nielsen Kent J. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Electrical injuries happen every day in homes and workplaces. Not only may these injuries cause physical damage and disability, they may also cause mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate if persons with an electrical injury suffer from mental disorders in the following years.

Material and methods
In a prospective matched cohort design, we identified 14.112 electrical injuries in two Danish registries and matched these with persons with dislocation/sprain injuries or eye injuries, respectively, as well as with persons from the workforce from the same occupation, using year of injury, sex and age as matching variables. We identified possible outcomes in terms of mental diagnoses in the Danish National Patient registry, based on literature, including reviews, original studies and case-reports as well as experiences from clinical praxis. The associations were analyzed using conditional cox- and logistic regression.

Results
We found that the following of the examined outcomes were associated with exposure to an electrical injury compared to the matched controls. Some of the outcomes showed the strongest associations shortly after the injury, namely ‘mental disorders due to known physiological condition’, ‘anxiety and adjustment disorders’, and especially the ‘Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)’ subgroup. The same pattern was seen for ‘Depression’ although the associations were weaker. Other conditions took time to develop (‘Somatoform disorders’), or were only present in the time to event analysis (‘other non-psychotic mental disorders’ and ‘sleep disorders’). The findings were consistent in all three matches, with the highest risk estimates in the occupation match.

Conclusion
Electrical injuries may result in mental disorders, both acute and several years after. However, the absolute risk is limited as most of the outcomes are rare.
Clients’ satisfaction with HIV care and treatment centres in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Buluba Salome E. , Mawi Neema E. , Tarimo Edith A. M. 
Published: February 2021

Background
HIV is a major global public health challenge, claiming the lives of over 32 million people so far. The satisfaction of HIV-affected clients with the quality of their HIV services at treatment centres is crucial for quality improvement. This article assesses clients’ satisfaction with different aspects of the overall care experience and seeks to determine if the type of health facility ownership is a predictor of satisfaction.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 430 respondents was conducted between September and October 2019. Purposeful and convenient sampling techniques were used to select health facilities and potential respondents, respectively. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between type of health facility and clients’ satisfaction based on the six assessed aspects of care, and p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The general clients’ satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres was 92.3%. Respondents from public health facilities were most satisfied with privacy and confidentiality (100%), physical environment (100%), counseling (99.5%) and drug availability (99.5%); respondents from private health facilities were most satisfied with the time spent in the facility (95.9%); while respondents from faith-based health facilities were most satisfied with staff-patient communication (99.2%). However, after adjusting for confounders, only one aspect of care, that of “time spent in the facility,” showed significant association with the type of health facility.

Conclusion
Generally, clients’ satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres in the Ubungo District, Dar es Salaam was high. This finding should encourage health care providers to maintain high-quality services to sustain clients’ satisfaction.
Nights of Red and Gold
Authors: Stooke Andrew 
Published: February 2021

This paper considers hospitality on imagined nights in two clubs at the end of the 1970s.
The text visits New York’s Studio 54, a permissive environment but with restricted access, and le Palace in Paris, frequented by Gilles Châtelet. In le Palace the partygoers anticipate the market boom of the 80s while the hedonistic crowd at Studio 54 is unprepared for the incipient AIDS epidemic. The text asks if there were patterns of alignment in the new clubs of entitlement and illness?
COVID-19 across Africa: Colonial Hangovers, Racial Hierarchies, and Medical Histories
Authors: Tilley Helen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, few journalists or scholars in Europe and North America paid much attention to how people or governments were responding to SARS-coV-2 anywhere in Africa. As the pandemic progressed, in fact, key agencies—from the World Economic Forum to the Economic Commission for Africa to the Global Health Security Index—all predicted or implied that there would be catastrophic fatality rates in African countries. Two French scientists shared these assumptions, going on live television on April 1 to discuss whether the BCG tuberculosis vaccine might protect people from the worst effects of COVID-19 and proposing new BCG vaccine trials in “Africa” because, they alleged, protections would be minimal and infection rates high, offering ideal conditions to test their theories. This article takes the controversy that stemmed from the French scientists’ comments as a point of departure, connecting it to African medical and imperial histories, on the one hand, and more recent histories of randomized controlled trials and global (health) governance on the other. Between January and November 2020, African nations, peoples, and pan-African organizations did better with COVID-19 than any other region of the world. Yet, there are understandable—if insidious—reasons why the continent’s success stories have not reached wider audiences: they run so contrary to (outside) expectations and belie the implicit predictions of different country rankings in global health. This kind of strategic erasure gets reproduced time and again within global institutions, creating semipermanent obstacles to African nations’ (therapeutic) sovereignty and (medical) self-determination.
Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Siswa MI Miftahul Falah Jakenan Pati
Authors: Ahmad Solkan  
Published: February 2021

It is a necessity when the interaction of teachers and students in the learning process will face various problems and obstacles. This article aims to parse what problems occur in the classroom during the Arabic learning process and to find the right solution so that the problems faced can be resolved. This research is qualitative. Collecting data related to writing this article using interviews and direct observation of research subjects and literature review for about two months the author did an internship or PPL. When the writer did observation or mini research, the writer found several problems when the learning process occurred in the classroom. Starting from students getting rowdy when learning, not paying attention to learning, not being able to answer when asked, and there are many other problems when learning Arabic. This can be used as material for evaluation and collective reflection so that our education will be of more quality and quality.
Abstrak: Sebuah keniscayaan ketika interaksi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran akan menghadapi berbagai persoalan dan kendala. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengurai persoalan-persolan apa saja yang terjadi di dalam kelas pada saat proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab berlangsung dan mencarikan solusi yang tepat sehingga persoalan yang dihadapi dapat terselesaikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data terkait penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi langsung terhadap subjek penelitian serta kajian pustaka selama kurang lebih dua bulan penulis melakukan magang atau PPL. Saat penulis melakukan obeservasi atau mini riset, penulis menemukan beberapa problematika saat terjadi proses pembelajaran di kelas. Mulai dari siswa gaduh saat pembelajaran, tidak memperhatikan pembelajaran, tidak bisa menjawab saat ditanya, dan masih banyak problem lain saat pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Ini dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi dan renungan bersama, agar pendidikan kita semakin bermutu dan berkualiatas.
PERJALANAN DAKWAH KH. ZAHRUDIN USMAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SYIAR ISLAM DI KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Sari Sinta Kartika 
Published: February 2021

KH. Zahrudin Usman is a prominent Muslim intellectual figure. Thanks to his expertise, he got the title of youth officer and several awards. This study seeks to explain KH Zahrudin Usman's preaching work in the development of Islamic symbols in Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. This research is a qualitative research with historical literature sources supported by data from the field both interviews and observations to corroborate the findings. The findings of this study indicate that KH Zahrudin Usman is a Kyai who has great authority in the development of Islamic symbols through the Nurul Jalal Islamic boarding school in Tebo Tengah, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. The existing knowledge is implemented by establishing a madrasah which is used as a place for learning. It is not just its existence, its method of preaching, and its moral message as a barometer to become a role model for the people of Tebo Regency.KH. Zahrudin Usman merupakan tokoh intelektual Muslim terkemuka. Berkat kepiawaiannya, gelar mualim muda dan beberapa penghargaan didapatnya. Penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan kiprah dakwah KH Zahrudin Usman dalam pengembangan syiar Islam di Kabupaten Tebo, Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan sumber literatur sejarah didukung data dari lapangan baik wawancara maupun observasi untuk menguatkan hasil temuan. Adapun hasil temuan dari penelitian ini adalah KH Zahrudin Usman merupakan Kyai yang memiliki otoritas besar dalam pengembangan syiar Islam melalui pesantren Nurul Jalal di Tebo Tengah, Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Bekal ilmu yang ada diimplementasikan dengan mendirikan madrasah yang dijadikan sebagai wadah pembelajaran. Bukan sekedar keberadaannya, metode dakwahnya, hingga pesan moralnya pun menjadi suatu barometer yang menjadi panutan masyarakat Kabupaten Tebo.
TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG SERTA STRATEGI DAKWAH DI DAERAH TRANSMIGRASI (Studi Terhadap Perkembangan Dakwah di Desa Bina Karya, Musi Rawas Utara, Sumatera Selatan)
Authors: Manto Charis 
Published: February 2021

This paper tries to describe the da'wah strategy applied by the preachers in conveying da'wah messages in a village called Bina Karya, where the majority of the village community are transmigrants from Java. In addition, because of the heterogeneity of the village community, there are challenges that are also opportunities for the preachers in that area. This paper is the result of field research conducted by going directly to the field with a descriptive analysis approach. In it process, the success of da'wah in transmigration areas is also determined by the da'i in addressing each individual mad'u’s diverse personality. The da'wah strategy used is the da'wah strategy of the walisongo in Islamizing the people of Java. These methods are tadrij (gradual) and adamul haraj (harmless). The da'wah strategy like this is an implementation of the al-Quran, namely 'mawidzatul hasanah wa mujadalah billati hiya ahsan'. In addition, the face to face method of da'wah is a method that is considered very appropriate to be applied in the transmigration community, because they are still considered to be in the lower middle class, both in terms of knowledge, welfare, religion and technology..Tulisan ini mencoba menggambarkan mengenai strategi dakwah yang diterapkan oleh para muballigh ketika menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah di Desa Bina Karya yang notabenenya adalah masyarakat transmigran dari pulau Jawa. Selain itu pula dikarenakan heterogenitas masyarakatnya, menjadikan adanya tantangan sekaligus peluang tersendiri bagi para muballigh di daerah tersebut. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hasil studi (Field Research) dengan turun ke lapangan secara langsung serta dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif.Dalam prosesnya, keberhasilan dakwah di daerah transmigrasi juga ditentukan juga oleh da’i dalam menyikapi setiap diri pribadi mad’u yang berbeda-beda. Strategi dakwah yang dipakai adalah strategi dakwah para walisongo dalam mengislamkan masyarakat di pulau Jawa. Metode tersebut yakni tadrij (bertahap) dan adamul haraj (tidak menyakiti). Adapun strategi dakwah seperti ini merupakan implementasi dari al-Qur’an yaitu ‘mawidzatul hasanah wa mujadalah billati hiya ahsan’. Selain itu pula, metode dakwah face to face merupakan metode yang dinilai sangat cocok diterapkan pada masyarakat transmigrasi dikarenakan masyarakatnya yang masih dinilai berada di kelas menengah ke bawah baik dari segi pengetahuan, kesejahteraan, keagamaan maupun teknologi.
KEJUJURAN HISTORIS BARAT DAN ISLAM
Authors: Wiranto Erham Budi 
Published: February 2021

In historical relations between the West and the Islamic world, honesty is a rare dimension. The history of West-East relations seems to be filled with bias and covered in prejudice. The negative stigma of the West towards the East, and vice versa, is still being inherited and reproduced today. Sudibyo Markus tries to present an honest and balanced historical analysis in seeing the West and Islam. This paper is a review of Sudibyo Markus' book entitled Dunia Barat dan Islam, Cahaya di Cakrawala (The West and Islam, Light in the Horizon) published by Gramedia in 2019. Dalam sejarah hubungan dunia Barat dan dunia Islam, kejujuran termasuk dimensi yang langka. Sejarah relasi Barat-Timur seolah dipenuhi bias dan berlumuran prasangka. Stigma negatif Barat terhadap Timur, demikian pula sebaliknya, masih terus terwarisi dan direproduksi hingga kini. Sudibyo Markus mencoba menghadirkan analisis sejarah yang jujur dan berimbang dalam melihat Barat dan Islam. Tulisan ini adalah telaah terhadap buku karya Sudibyo Markus berjudul "Dunia Barat dan Islam, Cahaya di Cakrawala" yang diterbitkan oleh Gramedia tahun 2019.