bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligaments of the scapho-trapezial-trapezoidal joint: MR anatomy in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals
Authors: Higashigaito Kai , Pfirrmann Christian W. A. , Koch Sarah , Graf Dimitri , Schweizer Andreas , Nanz Daniel , Rosskopf Andrea B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the MRI anatomy of the scapho-trapezial-trapezoidal (STT) ligament complex in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.

Material and methods
In this retrospective study, STT ligament complex of 42 (male 69%, median age 37.5 years) asymptomatic (n = 25) and symptomatic (n = 17) (defined as pain described over the STT joint) individuals was examined using a high-resolution 3D proton density-weighted isovoxel sequence (MR arthrogram) with multiplanar reconstructions. Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently assessed visibility, signal intensity (SI), morphology, and thickness of the radiopalmar scapho-trapezial ligament (rpSTL), palmar scapho-capitate capsular ligament (pSCL), palmar STT capsule (pSTTC), and dorsal STT capsule (dSTTC).

Results
Interreader agreement ranged from fair to good and intraclass correlations were good. The rpSTL was almost always visible (85.7%/80.1%; reader 1/reader 2). The pSCL and dSTTC were visible in all cases. The pSTTC was visible in only 52.4%/42.9%. Mean thickness of the rpSTL, pSCL, pSTTC, and dSTTC was 1.4 ± 0.5 mm/1.3 ± 0.5 mm, 2.8 ± 0.7 mm/2.7 ± 0.6 mm, 0.5 ± 0.5 mm/0.4 ± 0.4 mm, and 0.5 ± 0.3 mm/0.3 ± 0.3 mm. Both readers rated SI of the rpSTL significantly more often as increased in the symptomatic group (increased SI in asymptomatic group: 20%/15%; symptomatic group: 56%/50%) (p-values < 0.005). For all other ligaments, no significant difference was observed for SI between symptomatic and asymptomatic group (p-values ranging between 0.188 and 0.890). For all other ligaments, no significant differences were observed regarding ligament visibility, morphology, and thickness (p-values ranging between 0.274 and 1.000).

Conclusion
The anatomy of the STT ligament complex can consistently be visualized on high-resolution 3D MRI. Increased signal intensity of rpSTL is significantly more frequent in patients with radial-sided wrist pain.
Population decline of the cape petrel (Daption capense) on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
Authors: Braun Christina , Esefeld Jan , Savelieva Larisa , Peter Hans-Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic and the surrounding Southern Ocean are currently subject to rapid environmental changes and increasing anthropogenic impacts. Seabird populations often reflect those changes and so act as indicators of environmental variability. Their population trends may provide information on a variety of environmental parameters on the scale of years or decades. We therefore provide long-term data on the cape petrel (Daption capense) population from a long-term monitoring program on Fildes Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic, an area of considerable human activity. Our data, covering a period of 36 years, indicate some variability, but no clear trend in the number of breeding pairs between the breeding seasons 1985 and 2006. However, beginning in the 2008 season, the population decreased significantly and reached a minimum in the 2020 season. The mean annual decrease between 2008 and 2020 was 10.6%. We discuss possible causes of this strong negative population trend. Anthropogenic disturbance only affects a few breeding sites in the area and is therefore unable, on its own, to explain the consistent population decline at all the breeding sites studied. We think it more likely that reduced food availability was the main cause of the drastic decline in the cape petrel population.
Tendons and ligaments of the Rangifer tarandus metapodial and hoof
Authors: Hull Emily , Semeniuk Mitchell , Puolakka Hanna-Leena , Kynkäänniemi Sanna-Mari , Niinimäki Sirpa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRangifer tarandus, the northern species including both reindeer and caribou, is a pillar of northern ecosystems and the lives of northern peoples. As the only domestic cervid, reindeer are important not only to the herders and hunters who presently interact with them, but also to zooarchaeologists and palaeontologists tracing their histories. Unfortunately, limited anatomical information on Rangifer tarandus muscles is available beyond descriptions of the large muscle groups. The lower limb and hoof in particular is poorly documented. This is problematic, as this important body part has the potential to be informative in zooarchaeological analyses of habitual activity, especially in regards to historical animal health, movement, and habitual activity. Better understanding of the hoof can additionally be useful to herders and veterinarians seeking to provide veterinary care for living animals. This study has used dissections and comparisons of the reindeer hoof with other domestic ungulates to document both the common and unique structures in Rangifer tarandus hooves, including the presence and attachment points of these structures. As these structures have proved unique, especially in regards to the dewclaw, it is important that other ungulates not be used exclusively in the analysis of Rangifer tarandus remains.
Kidney organoid systems for studies of immune-mediated kidney diseases: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Stein Melissa C. , Braun Fabian , Krebs Christian F. , Bunders Madeleine J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute and chronic kidney diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in the global population. Many nephropathies are considered to be immune-mediated with dysregulated immune responses playing an important role in the pathogenesis. At present, targeted approaches for many kidney diseases are still lacking, as the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. With the recent development of organoids—a three-dimensional, multicellular culture system, which recapitulates important aspects of human tissues—new opportunities to investigate interactions between renal cells and immune cells in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases arise. To date, kidney organoid systems, which reflect the structure and closer resemble critical aspects of the organ, have been established. Here, we highlight the recent advances in the development of kidney organoid models, including pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids and primary epithelial cell-based tubuloids. The employment and further required advances of current organoid models are discussed to investigate the role of the immune system in renal tissue development, regeneration, and inflammation to identify targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches of immune-mediated kidney diseases.
Exponential mean-square stability properties of stochastic linear multistep methods
Authors: Buckwar Evelyn , D’Ambrosio Raffaele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the analysis of exponential mean-square stability properties of nonlinear stochastic linear multistep methods. In particular it is known that, under certain hypothesis on the drift and diffusion terms of the equation, exponential mean-square contractivity is visible: the qualitative feature of the exact problem is here analysed under the numerical perspective, to understand whether a stochastic linear multistep method can provide an analogous behaviour and which restrictions on the employed stepsize should be imposed in order to reproduce the contractive behaviour. Numerical experiments confirming the theoretical analysis are also given.
An improved conflicting-evidence combination method based on the redistribution of the basic probability assignment
Authors: Yan Zezheng , Zhao Hanping , Mei Xiaowen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDempster–Shafer evidence theory is widely applied in various fields related to information fusion. However, the results are counterintuitive when highly conflicting evidence is fused with Dempster’s rule of combination. Many improved combination methods have been developed to address conflicting evidence. Nevertheless, all of these approaches have inherent flaws. To solve the existing counterintuitive problem more effectively and less conservatively, an improved combination method for conflicting evidence based on the redistribution of the basic probability assignment is proposed. First, the conflict intensity and the unreliability of the evidence are calculated based on the consistency degree, conflict degree and similarity coefficient among the evidence. Second, the redistribution equation of the basic probability assignment is constructed based on the unreliability and conflict intensity, which realizes the redistribution of the basic probability assignment. Third, to avoid excessive redistribution of the basic probability assignment, the precision degree of the evidence obtained by information entropy is used as the correction factor to modify the basic probability assignment for the second time. Finally, Dempster’s rule of combination is used to fuse the modified basic probability assignment. Several different types of examples and actual data sets are given to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method. Furthermore, the comparative analysis reveals the proposed method to be better at obtaining the right results than other related methods.
Making Behavioral Ethics Research More Useful for Ethics Management Practice: Embracing Complexity Using a Design Science Approach
Authors: Maesschalck Jeroen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch on behavioral ethics is thriving and intends to offer advice that can be used by practitioners to improve the practice of ethics management. However, three barriers prevent this research from generating genuinely useful advice. It does not sufficiently focus on interventions that can be directly designed by management. The typical research designs used in behavioral ethics research require such a reduction of complexity that the resulting findings are not very useful for practitioners. Worse still, attempts to make behavioral ethics research more useful by formulating simple recommendations are potentially very damaging. In response to these limitations, this article proposes to complement the current behavioral ethics research agenda that takes an ‘explanatory science’ approach with a research agenda that uses a ‘design science’ approach. Proposed by Joan van Aken and building on earlier work by Herbert Simon, this approach aims to develop field-tested ‘design propositions’ that present often complex but useful recommendations for practitioners. Using a ‘CIMO-logic’, these propositions specify how an ‘intervention’ can generate very different ‘outcomes’ through various ‘mechanisms’, depending on the ‘context’. An illustration and a discussion of the contours of this new research agenda for ethics management demonstrate its advantages as well as its feasibility. The article concludes with a reflection on the feasibility of embracing complexity without drowning in a sea of complicated contingencies and without being paralyzed by the awareness that all interventions can have both desirable and undesirable effects.
Reduction of NOx by H2 on WOx-Promoted Pt/Al2O3/SiO2 Catalysts Under O2-Rich Conditions
Authors: Eßer Enno , Schröder Daniel , Nartova Anna V. , Dmitrachkov Aleksey M. , Kureti Sven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work addresses the reduction of NOxby H2under O2-rich conditions using Al2O3/SiO2-supported Pt catalysts with different loads of WOxpromotor. The samples were thoroughly characterised by N2physisorption, temperature-programmed desorption of CO, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy with probe molecule CO. The catalytic studies of the samples without WOxshowed pronounced NOxconversion below 200 °C, whereas highest efficiency was related to small Pt particles. The introduction of WOxprovided increasing deNOxactivity as well as N2selectivity. This promoting effect was referred to an additional reaction path at the Pt-WOx/Al2O3/SiO2interface, whereas an electronic activation of Pt by strong metal support interaction was excluded.Graphic Abstract
Are Acute Increases and Variability in Emotion Regulation Strategies Related to Negative Affect and Paranoid Thoughts in Daily Life?
Authors: Bahlinger Katrin , Lincoln Tania M. , Clamor Annika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Negative affect reliably predicts paranoid thoughts. Previous studies point to the importance of emotion regulation for paranoid thoughts but have not yet focused on effects of acute increases and variability in strategy use.

Methods
We conducted an experience-sampling study for one week in a subclinical sample. Acute increases in the intensity of strategy use from one measurement point until the next, between-strategy variability (i.e., standard deviation between all strategies at one measurement point), and within-strategy variability (i.e., standard deviation of each strategy over one day) were analyzed for effects on negative affect and paranoid thoughts.

Results
Multi-level-models indicated that acute increases in acceptance and reappraisal are associated with less negative affect. Acute increases in acceptance, but not in reappraisal, were related to less paranoid thoughts. In contrast, acute increases in rumination and suppression were associated with more negative affect and paranoid thoughts. Between- and within-strategy variability were no significant predictors.

Conclusions
Acute increases in the intensity of but not variability in emotion regulation strategies are related to negative affect and paranoid thoughts in daily life. Future studies are needed to examine whether improving emotion regulation leads to sustainable reductions in symptoms.
Error bound analysis for vector equilibrium problems with partial order provided by a polyhedral cone
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van , Novo Vicente , Tam Vo Minh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to establish new results on the error bounds for a class of vector equilibrium problems with partial order provided by a polyhedral cone generated by some matrix. We first propose some regularized gap functions of this problem using the concept of$$\mathcal {G}_{A}$$GA-convexity of a vector-valued function. Then, we derive error bounds for vector equilibrium problems with partial order given by a polyhedral cone in terms of regularized gap functions under some suitable conditions. Finally, a real-world application to a vector network equilibrium problem is given to illustrate the derived theoretical results.
The Diverse Landscape of Negative Polarity Items: On the Use of German NPIs as Experimental Diagnostics
Authors: Schaebbicke Katharina , Seeliger Heiko , Repp Sophie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to provide better empirical insight into the licensing conditions of a large set of NPIs in German so that they can be used as reliable diagnostics in future research on negation-related phenomena. Experiment 1 tests the acceptability of 60 NPIs under semantic operators that are expected to license superstrong, strong, weak, and nonveridicality-licensed NPIs, respectively: antimorphic (not), anti-additive (no), downward entailing (hardly), nonveridical (maybe, question). Controls were positive assertions. Cluster analysis revealed seven clusters of NPIs, some of which confirm the licensing categorization from the literature (superstrong and weak NPIs). Other clusters show unclear patterns (overall high or medium ratings) and require further scrutiny in future research. One cluster showed high acceptability ratings only with the antimorphic and the question operator. Experiment 2 tested whether the source of this unexpected distribution was a rhetorical interpretation of the questions. Results suggest that rhetoricity was not the sole source. Overall, the results show gradual rather than categorical differences in acceptability, with higher acceptability corresponding to stronger negativity. The paper provides the detailed results for the individual NPIs as a preliminary normed acceptability index.
Quantum Transport in a Crystal with Short-Range Interactions: The Boltzmann–Grad Limit
Authors: Griffin Jory , Marklof Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the macroscopic transport properties of the quantum Lorentz gas in a crystal with short-range potentials, and show that in the Boltzmann–Grad limit the quantum dynamics converges to a random flight process which is not compatible with the linear Boltzmann equation. Our derivation relies on a hypothesis concerning the statistical distribution of lattice points in thin domains, which is closely related to the Berry–Tabor conjecture in quantum chaos.
Validität und Reliabilität virtualisierter RTR-Messungen
Authors: Waldvogel Thomas , Wagschal Uwe , Metz Thomas , Becker Bernd , Feiten Linus , Weishaupt Samuel 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungKönnen virtualisierte Erhebungen rezeptionsbegleitend gemessener Kandidatenbewertungen in Echtzeit über das Internet valide und reliable Daten generieren? Seitdem Reinemann et al. vor 15 Jahren die Reliabilität und Validität von sogenannten Real-Time-Response-Messungen (RTR) mit physischen Eingabegeräten in laborexperimentellen Erhebungssettings in dieser Zeitschrift belegt haben, hat die Messtechnik eine weitreichende Veränderung erfahren, die durch die Virtualisierung ihres Instrumentariums gekennzeichnet ist. Allerdings liegen bislang kaum methodologische Erkenntnisse über den grundlegenden Wandel dieser Schlüsseltechnik vor. Der hier vorliegende Beitrag untersucht deshalb anhand von drei Fernsehduellen zu Landtagswahlen in Deutschland, inwiefern Daten, die mit einem virtualisierten Messinstrument der RTR-Messung in einer Feldstudie erhoben wurden, etablierten Standards der Datenqualität entsprechen. In unserer Analyse finden wir deutliche Belege für die Validität des Messverfahrens. Darüber hinaus zeigt unser Beitrag, dass diese neuartige Form der Erhebung von Echtzeitreaktionen reliable Daten mit einer hohen internen Konsistenz generieren kann, wenngleich die Befunde in Teilen ambivalent bleiben. Wir schlussfolgern, dass die Virtualisierung des RTR-Messinstrumentariums einen komplementären Ansatz zu den dominierenden Erhebungen mit laborexperimentellen Forschungsdesigns etabliert, wodurch die Analyse von Publikumsreaktionen auf landespolitische TV-Duelle in natürlichen Rezeptionssituationen zugänglich und die technische Implementierung von RTR-Studien über das Internet auch in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie gewährleistet wird.
Lack of physical activity, neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment in older community-dwelling individuals
Authors: Krell-Roesch Janina , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Bezold Jelena , Trautwein Sandra , Barisch-Fritz Bettina , Kremers Walter K. , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Woll Alexander , Vassilaki Maria , Geda Yonas E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study examined the longitudinal association and interaction between lack of engaging in physical activity (PA) and presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) with the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors conducted a prospective cohort study in the setting of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in Minnesota, USA, involving 3083 cognitively unimpaired persons aged ≥ 50 years (1570 males; median age, 74 years). Predictors included: lack of engaging in light, moderate, and vigorous intensity PA within 1 year of baseline assessment as measured by a self-reported questionnaire; and presence of NPS (agitation, anxiety, apathy, appetite change, sleep/nighttime disturbance, depression, irritability, clinical depression, clinical anxiety) as measured by standardized tools. When the authors detected a statistically significant interaction, they compared the risk of incident MCI between four groups of participants (no NPS/engaging in PA = reference group; NPS/engaging in PA; no NPS/not engaging in PA; NPS/not engaging in PA) by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age (as time scale), sex, education, global cognition, medical comorbidities, and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status. After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 599 participants developed incident MCI. Not engaging in vigorous intensity PA and having sleep/nighttime disturbance (HR [95% CI], 1.61 [1.07, 2.43]; p = 0.021), clinical depression (1.98 [1.34, 2.92]; p < 0.001) or clinical anxiety (1.63 [1.11, 2.41]; p = 0.013) was associated with an increased risk of incident MCI as compared to the reference group. Thus, the combined presence of lack of vigorous intensity physical activity with sleep/nighttime disturbance behavior, clinical depression, or clinical anxiety was greater than the expected arithmetic sum of their independent effects. Neuropsychiatric symptoms appear to be a stronger driving force of incident MCI than lack of physical activity.
Entwicklung affektiv-motivationaler Merkmale am Übergang in die Sekundarstufe – Wie ergeht es bildungsbenachteiligten Kindern?
Authors: Ömeroğulları Melike , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Übergang von der Primar- in die Sekundarstufe wurde bezogen auf Bildungsungleichheiten sowie Leistungsentwicklung von Schüler/innen intensiv untersucht. Obwohl emotionale und motivationale Aspekte nachweislich einen mediierenden Einfluss auf Schulleistungen haben, wurde deren Entwicklung dezidiert am schulischen Übergang bisher allerdings eher wenig Beachtung geschenkt. In der vorzustellenden Studie wurde daher die Entwicklung von Schulfreude und Anstrengungsbereitschaft am Übergang in die Sekundarstufe (4. auf 5. Klasse) untersucht. Zudem wurde analysiert, ob diverse Benachteiligungsmerkmale einen Einfluss auf die Ausgangswerte und auf deren Veränderung aufweisen. Die Studie basiert auf der Startkohorte Kindergarten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS; N = 2737). Ergebnisse latenter Wachstumskurvenmodelle zeigen im Mittel für die Schulfreude eine Zunahme, während die Anstrengungsbereitschaft sich am Übergang nur minimal verändert. Für die Benachteiligungsmerkmale, gemessen am sozioökonomischen und soziokulturellen Hintergrund, Migrations- und Bildungshintergrund sowie die elterliche Unterstützung, konnten keine negativen Effekte auf den Ausgangswert beobachtet werden. Hingegen hatte ein Migrationshintergrund (2. Generation) einen positiven Effekt auf die Änderungsrate der Anstrengungsbereitschaft. Limitationen und mögliche pädagogische Implikationen der Studie werden abschließend diskutiert.
Role of Echocardiography for the Perioperative Assessment of the Right Ventricle
Authors: Labus Jakob , Uhlig Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to highlight the perioperative echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function with strengths and limitations of commonly used and evolving techniques. It explains the value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and describes the perioperative changes of RV function echocardiographers should be aware of.

Recent Findings
RV dysfunction is an entity with strong influence on outcome. However, its definition and assessment in the perioperative interval are not well-defined. Moreover, values assessed by TTE and TEE are not interchangeable; while some parameters seem to correlate well, others do not. Myocardial strain analysis and three-dimensional echocardiography may overcome the limitations of conventional echocardiographic measures and provide further insight into perioperative cardiac mechanics.

Summary
Echocardiography has become an essential part of modern anesthesiology in patients with RV dysfunction. It offers the opportunity to evaluate not only global but also regional RV function and distinguish alterations of RV contraction.