bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change (Plus caregiver input) and goal attainment in two dementia drug trials: Clinical meaningfulness and the initial treatment response
Authors: Stanley Justin , Howlett Susan E. , Dunn Taylor , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change Plus caregiver input (CIBIC‐Plus) has been widely used in dementia drug trials to evaluate cognition, behavior, and function. New trials of symptomatic drugs forecast renewed interest in this measure.METHODSTo test its clinical meaningfulness, we examined how CIBIC‐Plus performed in two cholinesterase inhibitor trials compared to goal attainment scaling Scale (GAS) scores, a patient‐reported outcome measure.RESULTSNet goal attainment was seen for all but one GAS domains in subjects who improved on the CIBIC‐Plus. Subjects who improved initially on CIBIC‐Plus scores were likely to remain improved across all other outcomes for each trial's duration, except for Disability Assessment for Dementia scores.DISCUSSIONThe initial response to treatment, as assessed by CIBIC‐Plus, remained stable for most outcome measures. Even small CIBIC‐Plus improvement changes are associated with clinically meaningful change as assessed by GAS. Other tests detect decline better than improvement.
Strategies to Implement a Competency Assessment Verification Program
Authors: O’Neal Julie , Fencl Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTProfessional role competence is an essential element of nursing practice and an integral component of providing safe perioperative patient care. In the health care setting, verifying professional role competence and managing the associated documentation can be complex. Educators can use a variety of modalities (eg, flipped classrooms, gaming, podcasts) to present information in a manner that supports adult learning principles. When developing a competency assessment verification program, perioperative leaders should use a structured model to provide consistency; they also should partner with staff members and other key stakeholders (eg, surgeons, risk management personnel) to identify and prioritize ongoing competencies. The leaders and educators should identify competency verification methods, and leaders should designate qualified observers if needed. Documentation of competency activities should be stored in an easily accessible location. Implementing a standardized competency assessment verification program is a best practice that should result in improved patient outcomes.
An Examination of Factors That Predict the Perioperative Culture of Safety
Authors: Wright M. Imelda , Polivka Barbara , Abusalem Said 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe perioperative setting is an intricate, complicated work environment in which patients are vulnerable to adverse events. Using a convenience sample, we examined relationships between the length of perioperative nurse experience, perioperative nurse engagement, and an OR culture of safety. We explored differences in safety culture scores based on CNOR certification status. There was no significant relationship between the length of perioperative nurse experience and the level of OR culture of safety. However, perioperative nurse engagement had a significant relationship with an OR culture of safety (P < .001), and this factor was a significant predictor of an OR culture of safety (P < .001). Perioperative nurses who held CNOR certification had significantly higher culture of safety scores compared with those who did not (P = .004). Additional research on perioperative nurse engagement and factors relating to patient safety may help perioperative leaders develop and implement engagement strategies.
Clinical Issues—May 2021
Authors: Jones Emily 
Published: April 2021

THIS MONTH
Surgical technologists inserting urinary catheters
Key words: surgical technologist (ST), urinary catheter insertion, catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), task delegation, competency.
Assisting the anesthesia professionals with cricoid pressure
Key words: cricoid pressure, Sellick maneuver, airway, induction, aspiration.
Perioperative care of the patient with a corn food allergy
Key words: corn allergy, dextrose, anaphylaxis, derivatives, food allergy.
In Situ Bismuth Nanosheet Assembly for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Peng Chan‐Juan , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zeng Guang , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added fuels using an electrochemical method has been regarded as a compelling sustainable energy conversion technology. However, high‐performance electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with high formate selectivity and good stability need to be improved. Earth‐abundant Bi has been demonstrated to be active for CO2RR to formate. Herein, we fabricated an extremely active and selective bismuth nanosheet (Bi‐NSs) assembly via an in situ electrochemical transformation of (BiO)2CO3 nanostructures. The as‐prepared material exhibits high activity and selectivity for CO2RR to formate, with nearly 94% faradaic efficiency at −1.03 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE)) and stable selectivity (>90%) in a large potential window ranging from −0.83 to −1.18 V (vs. RHE) and excellent durability during 12 h continuous electrolysis. In addition, the Bi‐NSs based CO2RR/methanol oxidation reaction (CO2RR/MOR) electrolytic system for overall CO2 splitting was constructed, evidencing the feasibility of its practical implementation.
“High‐risk” host cell proteins (HCPs): A multi‐company collaborative view
Authors: Jones Marisa , Palackal Nisha , Wang Fengqiang , Gaza‐Bulseco Georgeen , Hurkmans Karen , Zhao Yiwei , Chitikila Carmelata , Clavier Severine , Liu Suli , Menesale Emily , Schonenbach Nicole S. , Sharma Satish , Valax Pascal , Waerner Thomas , Zhang Lei , Connolly Trish 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHost cell proteins (HCPs) are process‐related impurities that may copurify with biopharmaceutical drug products. Within this class of impurities there are some that are more problematic. These problematic HCPs can be considered high‐risk and can include those that are immunogenic, biologically active, or enzymatically active with the potential to degrade either product molecules or excipients used in formulation. Some have been shown to be difficult to remove by purification. Why should the biopharmaceutical industry worry about these high‐risk HCPs? What approach could be taken to understand the origin of its copurification and address these high‐risk HCPs? To answer these questions, the BioPhorum Development Group HCP Workstream initiated a collaboration among its 26‐company team with the goal of industry alignment around high‐risk HCPs. The information gathered through literature searches, company experiences, and surveys were used to compile a list of frequently seen problematic/high‐risk HCPs. These high‐risk HCPs were further classified based on their potential impact into different risk categories. A step‐by‐step recommendation is provided for establishing a comprehensive control strategy based on risk assessments for monitoring and/or eliminating the known impurity from the process that would be beneficial to the biopharmaceutical industry.
Environmental performance and bank lending: Evidence from unlisted firms
Authors: Wellalage Nirosha Hewa , Kumar Vijay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGrowing public concerns about sustainability and adopting environmentally responsible practices increase risks as well as opportunities for firms and banks. It is unclear whether being environmentally responsible matters for unlisted firms, which are significant contributors to the degradation of the environment but which are not under strict scrutiny like public listed firms. Using a sample of 3915 firms from developing economies, we investigate whether the superior environmental performance of unlisted firms leads them to better loan conditions. After controlling for endogeneity and sample selection bias, we find that firms with better environmental performance received approximately 6.4% higher loans (as a ratio of total sales) and that this effect is more prominent in small and medium firms. This finding supports an information asymmetry view of agency costs. Our results, however, show that environmental performance does not affect loan duration and collateral requirement, indicating no spillover economic effect of corporate environmental performance on loan conditions. This partially supports a new perspective of legitimacy theory in relation to the ‘greenwash strategy’. Overall, our study shows that strategically engaged environmental activities that are integrated with core business objectives represent an important business strategy for firms to enhance credit access.
Protective Effect of n‐Butanol Extract from Viola yedoensis on Immunological Liver Injury
Authors: Chu Haiqing , Wang Jiexin , Wang Qian , Chen Jie , Li Jiaoning , Li Hangying , Zhang Liming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractViola yedoensis Makino was used to treat inflammation, viral hepatitis, acute pyogenic infection, and ulcerative carbuncles. However, the protective effect on immunological liver injury (ILI) of V. yedoensis had been rarely reported. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of n‐butanol extract (BE) from V. yedoensis on ILI in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the BE significantly inhibited the secretions of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the HepG2.2.15 cells and the replication of HBV DNA. The research data in vivo revealed that the BE reduced the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in liver tissues of the ConA‐induced mice, while increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), and the effective contents of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and the BE could ameliorate liver histological lesions. These results motivated a further investigation into the chemical constituents of BE. Four coumarins (esculetin, prionanthoside, cichoriin, and esculin) and one flavonoid (quercetin‐3‐O‐galactoside) were isolated from the BE by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, of which structures were eventually confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and MS.
Efficacious Alkaline Copper Corrosion Inhibition by a Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complex of 2,2′‐Bipyridine and Glycine: Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Saleh Dalia I. , El‐Hendawy Morad M. , Fallatah Ahmed M. , Mersal G. A. M. , Boukherroub Rabah , Wysocka Joanna , Ryl Jacek , Amin Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA mixed ligand copper(II) complex, namely, [Cu(BPy)(Gly)Cl]⋅2H2O (CuC) (BPy=2,2′‐bipyridine and Gly=glycine), was synthesized and characterized. The synthesized CuC complex was tested as inhibitor to effectively mitigate the corrosion of copper in alkaline solutions using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques. For the sake of comparison, such two D.C. electrochemical techniques were also applied to the Cu/OH− interface in the presence of the two studied free ligands, namely, BPy and Gly. The results showed that the three studied compounds acted as mixed‐type inhibitors, with CuC being the most efficacious one. The adsorption of the inhibitor is confirmed from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) profiles by the appearance of organic chlorine as well as pyridine and amine nitrogen bonds. Based on XPS data, it was presumed that the corrosion inhibitor stimulates the formation of Cu2CO3(OH)2 species at the electrode surface since, in the case of a corroded reference sample (in absence of inhibitors), its proportion is trivial. The reactivity of the isolated inhibitors was analyzed by computing several quantum chemical parameters based on the density functional theory (DFT). A good correlation was found between these parameters and the anticorrosive performance. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulation studies were applied to find the best configurational space of ligands and their complex on the Cu(111) surface.
Building an Iron Chromophore Incorporating Prussian Blue Analogue for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Ghobadi T. Gamze Ulusoy , Ghobadi Amir , Demirtas Merve , Buyuktemiz Muhammed , Ozvural Kubra N. , Yildiz Elif Akhuseyin , Erdem Emre , Yaglioglu H. Gul , Durgun Engin , Dede Yavuz , Ozbay Ekmel , Karadas Ferdi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe replacement of traditional ruthenium‐based photosensitizers with low‐cost and abundant iron analogs is a key step for the advancement of scalable and sustainable dye‐sensitized water splitting cells. In this proof‐of‐concept study, a pyridinium ligand coordinated pentacyanoferrate(II) chromophore is used to construct a cyanide‐based CoFe extended bulk framework, in which the iron photosensitizer units are connected to cobalt water oxidation catalytic sites through cyanide linkers. The iron‐sensitized photoanode exhibits exceptional stability for at least 5 h at pH 7 and features its photosensitizing ability with an incident photon‐to‐current conversion capacity up to 500 nm with nanosecond scale excited state lifetime. Ultrafast transient absorption and computational studies reveal that iron and cobalt sites mutually support each other for charge separation via short bridging cyanide groups and for injection to the semiconductor in our proof‐of‐concept photoelectrochemical device. The reorganization of the excited states due to the mixing of electronic states of metal‐based orbitals subsequently tailor the electron transfer cascade during the photoelectrochemical process. This breakthrough in chromophore‐catalyst assemblies will spark interest in dye‐sensitization with robust bulk systems for photoconversion applications.
1,2‐ or 1,3‐Hydride Shifts: What Controls Guaiane Biosynthesis?
Authors: Xu Houchao , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA systematic computational study addressing the entire chemical space of guaianes in conjunction with an analysis of all known compounds shows that 1,3‐hydride shifts are rare events in guaiane biosynthesis. As demonstrated here, 1,3‐hydride shifts towards guaianes can only be realized for two stereochemically well defined out of numerous possible stereoisomeric skeletons. One example is given by the mechanism of guaia‐4(15)‐en‐11‐ol synthase from California poplar, an enzyme that yields guaianes with unusual stereochemical properties. The general results from DFT calculations were experimentally verified through isotopic‐labeling experiments with guaia‐4(15)‐en‐11‐ol synthase.
Inherent Ethyl Acetate Selectivity in a Trianglimine Molecular Solid
Authors: He Donglin , Zhao Chengxi , Chen Linjiang , Little Marc A. , Chong Samantha Y. , Clowes Rob , McKie Katherine , Roper Mark G. , Day Graeme M. , Liu Ming , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEthyl acetate is an important chemical raw material and solvent. It is also a key volatile organic compound in the brewing industry and a marker for lung cancer. Materials that are highly selective toward ethyl acetate are needed for its separation and detection. Here, we report a trianglimine macrocycle (TAMC) that selectively adsorbs ethyl acetate by forming a solvate. Crystal structure prediction showed this to be the lowest energy solvate structure available. This solvate leaves a metastable, “templated” cavity after solvent removal. Adsorption and breakthrough experiments confirmed that TAMC has adequate adsorption kinetics to separate ethyl acetate from azeotropic mixtures with ethanol, which is a challenging and energy‐intensive industrial separation.
Next‐Generation Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Specific Biomarkers in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Recent Overview
Authors: Das Debasis , Wang Jingbing , Hong Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLung cancer causes many deaths globally. Mutations in regulatory genes, irregularities in specific signal transduction events, or alterations of signalling pathways are observed in cases of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Over the past two decades, a few kinases have been identified, validated, and studied as biomarkers for NSCLC. Among them, EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, RET, NTRK, and BRAF are regarded as targetable biomarkers to cure and/or control the disease. In recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved more than 15 kinase inhibitors targeting these NSCLC biomarkers. The kinase inhibitors significantly improved the progression‐free survival (PFS) of NSCLC patients. Challenges still remain for metastatic diseases and advanced NSCLC cases. New discoveries of potent kinase inhibitors and rapid development of modern medical technologies will help to control NSCLC cases. This article provides an overview of the discoveries of various types of kinase inhibitors against NSCLC, along with medicinal chemistry aspects and related developments in next‐generation kinase inhibitors that have been reported in recent years.
The Electrophilicities of XCF3 and XCl (X=H, Cl, Br, I) and the Propensity of These Molecules To Form Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds with Lewis Bases: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Alkorta I. , Legon A. C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEquilibrium dissociation energies, De, of four series of halogen‐ and hydrogen‐bonded complexes B⋅⋅⋅XCF3 (X=H, Cl, Br and I) are calculated ab initio at the CCSD(T)(F12c)/cc‐pVDZ‐F12 level. The Lewis bases B involved are N2, CO, PH3, C2H2, C2H4, H2S, HCN, H2O and NH3. Plots of De versus NB, where the NB are the nucleophilicities assigned to the Lewis bases previously, are good straight lines through the origin, as are those for the corresponding set of complexes B⋅⋅⋅XCl. The gradients of the De versus NB plots define the electrophilicities EXCF3 and EXCl of the various Lewis acids. The determined values are: EXCF3=2.58(22), 1.40(9), 2.15(2) and 3.04(9) for X=H, Cl, Br and I, respectively, and EXCl=4.48(22), 2.31(9), 4.37(27) and 6.06(37) for the same order of X. Thus, it is found that, for a given X, the ratio EXCl/ EXCF3 is 2 within the assessed errors, and therefore appears to be independent of the atom X and of the type of non‐covalent interaction (hydrogen bond or different varieties of halogen bond) in which it is involved. Consideration of the molecular electrostatic surface potentials shows that De and the maximum positive electrostatic potential σmax (the most electrophilic region of XCF3 and XCl, which lies on the symmetry axes of these molecules, near to the atom X) are strongly correlated.
18.4 % Organic Solar Cells Using a High Ionization Energy Self‐Assembled Monolayer as Hole‐Extraction Interlayer
Authors: Lin Yuanbao , Magomedov Artiom , Firdaus Yuliar , Kaltsas Dimitris , El‐Labban Abdulrahman , Faber Hendrik , Naphade Dipti R. , Yengel Emre , Zheng Xiaopeng , Yarali Emre , Chaturvedi Neha , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Gkeka Despoina , AlShammari Sanaa H. , Bakr Osman M. , Laquai Frédéric , Tsetseris Leonidas , Getautis Vytautas , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br‐2PACz ([2‐(3,6‐dibromo‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO‐2PACz ([2‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole‐extracting interlayers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of these SAMs were measured at −6.01 and −5.30 eV for Br‐2PACz and MeO‐2PACz, respectively, and found to induce significant changes in the work function (WF) of indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) electrodes upon chemical functionalization. OPV cells based on PM6 (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl‐3‐fluoro)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1’,3’‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5’,7’‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’‐c:4’,5’‐c’]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)]) : BTP‐eC9 : PC71BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) using ITO/Br‐2PACz anodes exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO‐2PACz (14.5 %) and ITO/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) (17.5 %). The higher PCE was found to originate from the much higher WF of ITO/Br‐2PACz (−5.81 eV) compared to ITO/MeO‐2PACz (4.58 eV) and ITO/PEDOT : PSS (4.9 eV), resulting in lower interface resistance, improved hole transport/extraction, lower trap‐assisted recombination, and longer carrier lifetimes. Importantly, the ITO/Br‐2PACz electrode was chemically stable, and after removal of the SAM it could be recycled and reused to construct fresh OPVs with equally impressive performance.
Spectrum measurement and utilization in an outdoor 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi network using cooperative cognitive radio system
Authors: El‐Shafai Walid , Fawzi Ahmed , Zekry Abdelhalim , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. , Abd‐Elnaby Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

SummaryNowadays, the popular 2.4‐GHz band is used in different systems, such as Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, wireless sensor systems, and wireless cameras. Instead of the over‐crowded 2.4‐GHz Wi‐Fi band, this research offers the experience of using the 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi band, which provides more spectrum availability, more channels, larger bandwidth, faster data transmission, higher data rates, higher speed, and better quality of service compared to those of the 2.4‐GHz band. In this paper, practical implementation and testing of a cooperative spectrum sensing system are presented. The spectrum utilization in the 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi licensed band at six different locations is investigated to allow the transition of secondary users (SUs) to free bands. The spectrum measurement is performed on a centralized cooperative spectrum sensing system, which consists of a master cognitive radio node and five cognitive radio stations. The measurement and simulation results for the practical system are compared with the previous related measurements obtained in Singapore, Barcelona, North Dakota (USA), and Germany. They all agree that the spectrum is underutilized, and it needs to be better utilized for increasing the spectrum efficiency. The practical results show that the newly implemented system in the 5‐GHz range fulfills the requirements of users with high efficiency and high quality of service compared to those of the 2.4‐GHz system.