bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the perfect mismatch: Evaluating misspecification of population structure within spatially explicit integrated population models
Authors: Bosley Katelyn M. , Schueller Amy M. , Goethel Daniel R. , Hanselman Dana H. , Fenske Kari H. , Berger Aaron M. , Deroba Jonathan J. , Langseth Brian J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpatially stratified integrated population models (IPMs) can account for fine‐scale demographic processes and support spatial management for complex, heterogeneous populations. Although spatial IPMs may provide a more realistic representation of true population dynamics, few studies have evaluated the consequences associated with incorrect assumptions regarding population structure and connectivity. We utilized a simulation‐estimation framework to explore how mismatches between the true population structure (i.e. uniform, single population with spatial heterogeneity or metapopulation) and various parametrizations of an IPM (i.e. panmictic, fleets‐as‐areas or a spatially explicit, tag‐integrated model) impacted resultant fish population estimates. When population structure was incorrectly specified in the IPM, parameter estimates were generally unbiased at the system level, but were often biased for sub‐areas. Correctly specifying population structure in spatial IPMs led to strong performance, whereas incorrectly specified spatial IPMs performed adequately (and better than spatially aggregated counterparts). Allowing for flexible parametrization of movement rates (e.g. estimating age‐varying values) was more important than correctly identifying the population structure, and incorporation of tag‐recapture data helped movement estimation. Our results elucidate how incorrect population structure assumptions can influence the estimation of key parameters of spatial IPMs, while indicating that, even if incorrectly specified, spatial IPMs can adequately support spatial management decisions.
The taquito hot seat: Socializing monolingual bias through error correction practices in a Portuguese language classroom
Authors: Anya Uju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPortuguese language students in the United States typically also speak Spanish, and Portuguese programs, influenced by ideologies of linguistic purism, ceaselessly battle against its interference. This article describes a qualitative study of the treatment of Spanish utterances—called taquitos by participants—in a beginner‐level Portuguese class. It presents the classroom as a space of language socialization where students are apprenticed into a culture of strict language separation that demonstrates our field's monolingual bias. Microanalysis of videorecorded classes shows how error correction practices socialize students into upholding monolingual immersion through constant vigilance and mobilization against taquitos. Gaze, body orientation, and gestures as attention markers reveal a taquito hot seat that marginalizes and places Spanish‐speaking students in intense negative focus for not producing Portuguese in “uncontaminated” forms. Given the harm such practices may cause, the article urges the field to examine our rigid insistence upon artificial classroom monolingual immersion and promote flexible, strategic translanguaging for more effective world language pedagogy.
Field Study of Vertical Screening Distance Criteria for Vapor Intrusion of Ethylene Dibromide
Authors: Hers Ian , Wilson John T. , Kolhatkar Ravi V. , Lahvis Matthew A. , Luo Emma (Hong) , Jourabchi Parisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral regulatory agencies recommend screening petroleum vapor intrusion (PVI) sites based on vertical screening distance between a petroleum hydrocarbon source in soil or groundwater and a building foundation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) indicate the risk of PVI is minimal at buildings that are separated by more than 6 feet (1.8 m) from a dissolved‐phase source and 15 feet (4.6 m) from a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) source. This vertical screening distance method is not, however, recommended at sites with leaded gasoline sources containing ethylene dibromide (EDB) because of a lack of field data to document EDB attenuation in the vadose zone. To help address this gap, depth‐discrete soil‐gas samples were collected at a leaded gasoline release site in Sobieski, Minnesota (USA). The maximum concentration of EDB in groundwater (175 μg/L) at the site was high relative to those observed at other leaded gasoline release sites. Soil gas was analyzed for EDB using a modification of U.S. EPA Method TO‐14A that achieved analytical detection limits below the U.S. EPA Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (VISL) for EDB based on a 10−6 cancer risk (<0.16 μg/m3). Concentrations of EDB in soil gas above LNAPL reached as high as 960 μg/m3 and decreased below the VISL within a source‐separation distance of 7 feet. This result coupled with BioVapor model predictions of EDB concentrations indicate that vertical screening distances recommended by regulatory agencies at PVI sites are generally applicable for EDB over the range of anticipated source concentrations and soil types at most sites.
Quantification and optimization of clot retraction in washed human platelets by Sonoclot coagulation analysis
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Beura Samir K. , Panigrahi Abhishek R. , Singh Sunil K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionClot retraction is a pivotal process for haemostasis, where platelets develop a contractile force in fibrin meshwork and lead to the increased rigidity of clot. The pathophysiological alteration in contractile forces generated by the platelet‐fibrin meshwork can lead to haemostatic disorders. Regardless of its utter significance, clot retraction remains a limited understood process owing to lack of quantification methodology. Sonoclot analysis is a point‐of‐care technique used in clinical laboratories for whole blood analysis that provides in vitro qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of coagulation process from initial fibrin formation to clot retraction.MethodsHuman washed platelets were isolated by differential centrifugation method and analysed via optical imaging, microscopy and Sonoclot analysis using 1‐2 × 108/mL of washed platelets, 1 U/mL of thrombin, 1 mg/mL of fibrinogen and 1 mM of calcium chloride.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrate the novelty of this instrument in the quantitative evaluation of clot retraction in washed platelets and attempted to optimize the reference range of Sonoclot parameters including ACT ‐ 87.3 ± 20.997, CR ‐ 16.23 ± 3.538 and PF ‐ 3.57 ± 0.629, (n = 10).DiscussionSonoclot analysis provides a simple and quantitative method to better understand in vitro clot retraction and its modulation by retraction components including platelet count, fibrinogen and platelet–fibrin interaction compared with existing conventional methods. Sonoclot may prove to be a valuable tool in thrombus biology research to understand fundamental basis of blood clot retraction.
Significant predictors of contralateral upper tract recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chuan‐Shu , Li Jian‐Ri , Yang Cheng‐Kuang , Cheng Chen‐Li , Yang Chi‐Rei , Ou Yen‐Chuan , Ho Hao‐Chung , Lin Chia‐Yen , Hung Sheng‐Chun , Chen Cheng‐Che , Wang Shu‐Chi , Wang Shian‐Shiang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the significant predictors of contralateral upper tract recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.MethodsBetween January 2001 and December 2015, 548 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy in a single institution were included in this retrospective cohort study. Several clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were explored. The crucial end‐point was the diagnosis of contralateral upper tract recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy.ResultsOf the 548 patients, the median age was 68 years (range 24–93 years), and the median follow‐up time after radical nephroureterectomy was 41 months (range 8–191 months). Contralateral upper tract recurrence occurred in 28 patients (5.1%). The median time period between radical nephroureterectomy and contralateral upper tract recurrence was 15.4 months (range 3.4–52.4 months). In the multivariate analysis, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio 3.08, P = 0.003) and tumor multifocality (hazard ratio 2.16, P = 0.043) were independent risk factors.ConclusionPreoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 and tumor multifocality are significant predictors of contralateral upper tract recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Video‐urodynamic effects of vibegron, a new selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, on antimuscarinic‐resistant neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with spina bifida
Authors: Aoki Katsuya , Momose Hitoshi , Gotoh Daisuke , Morizawa Yosuke , Hori Shunta , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Yoneda Tatsuo , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of vibegron for the treatment of antimuscarinic‐resistant neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with spina bifida.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 15 patients with antimuscarinic‐resistant neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to spina bifida underwent a video‐urodynamic study before and during the administration of vibegron 50 mg once daily instead of antimuscarinic agents from February 2019 through April 2021. The video‐urodynamic study was carried out to evaluate bladder compliance, maximum cystometric bladder capacity, detrusor overactivity, detrusor leak point pressure and vesicoureteral reflux before and >3 months after the beginning of vibegron administration.ResultsTreatment with vibegron significantly improved bladder compliance and maximum cystometric bladder capacity compared with antimuscarinic agents, respectively (7.4 ± 4.2 vs 30.4 ± 48.2 mL/cmH2O, P = 0.0001; 231.4 ± 81.2 vs 325.2 ± 106.5 mL, P = 0.0005). Detrusor overactivity did not change after the administration of vibegron. Bladder deformity, which was confirmed in 12 patients, improved in half of the patients after taking vibegron. Vesicoureteral reflux, which was confirmed in two patients, was extinguished after taking vibegron. Newly occurring adverse events were not observed, and all patients continued to take vibegron during the treatment period.ConclusionsFavorable efficacy of vibegron for antimuscarinic‐resistant neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to spina bifida was shown video‐urodynamically without apparent adverse events. Vibegron is a favorable option for the treatment of antimuscarinic‐resistant neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with spina bifida.
Exosomes from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver ischaemia reperfusion injury subsequent to hepatectomy in rats by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis
Authors: Zhang Qianzhen , Piao Chenxi , Ma Haiyang , Xu Jiayuan , Wang Yue , Liu Tao , Liu Guodong , Wang Hongbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major factor leading to liver dysfunction after liver resection and liver transplantation. Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have potential therapeutic effects on HIRI. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSCs‐exo) have been widely studied as an alternative of ADSCs therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect and related mechanism of ADSCs‐exo on HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, I30R+PH, ADSCs and ADSCs‐exo group. After 24 h of reperfusion, liver and serum of the rats were immediately collected. ADSCs‐exo improved liver function, inhibited oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes in HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy in rats. ADSCs‐exo significantly promoted the recovery of mitochondrial function, markedly increased the content of ATP in the liver tissue, and improved the ultrastructure of mitochondria in hepatocytes. Moreover, ADSCs‐exo significantly increased the expression of OPA‐1, MFN‐1 and MFN‐2 proteins related to mitochondrial fusion, while DRP‐1 and Fis‐1 mRNA and protein expression associated with mitochondrial fission were significantly decreased after the treatment with ADSCs‐exo. In addition, ADSCs‐exo significantly increased the expression of PGC‐1α, NRF‐1 and TFAM genes and proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis. ADSCs‐exo improves liver function induced by HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy in rats and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, promoting mitochondrial fusion and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, ADSCs‐exo may be considered as a potential promising alternative to ADSCs in the treatment of HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy.
Reviewing causes of death of individuals with intellectual disability in New South Wales, Australia: a record‐linkage study
Authors: Walker A. R. , Trollor J. N. , Reppermund S. , Srasuebkul P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) have a much higher mortality rate than the general population. To reduce the rate of mortality of people with ID, it is critical that causes of death are properly understood, recorded and reported. Formal reviews of causes of death are used in some countries to ensure that causes of death are accurate. To date, the impact of these formal reviews on understanding causes of death of people with ID has not been quantified.MethodsThe study aimed to quantify the impact of formal reviews of deaths on the understanding of causes of death of people with ID who died while living in residential care. Individuals (851) with ID who died in residential care in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, between 1 December 2002 and 31 December 2013, who had a cause of death recorded in both the NSW Cause of Death Unit Record File (COD‐URF; cause of death recorded at time of death) and NSW Ombudsman dataset (cause of death recorded after in‐depth review) were included in the study. We assessed agreement in coding for cause of death by comparing the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD‐10) codings at three levels of diagnostic specificity, for both underlying and additional causes of death. We conducted our analysis through both descriptive comparison and through two boosted regression trees.ResultsApproximately half of the underlying causes of death were different after review by the NSW Ombudsman compared with the COD‐URF. Certain causes of death (determined by ICD‐10 chapter) were less likely to predict matches between the dataset than others, with individuals with mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders recorded in the COD‐URF least likely to have a matching cause of death in NSW Ombudsman dataset. For deaths where there was no agreement at any level between the datasets, a high level of unknown causes of death was recorded.ConclusionsFormal review of deaths of people with ID in residential care is important to determining true causes of death and therefore developing appropriate health policy for people with ID.
Periodontitis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hussain Syed Basit , Leira Yago , Zehra Syeda Ambreen , Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Ciurtin Coziana , D’Aiuto Francesco , Orlandi Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the association between periodontitis (PD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A systematic search was conducted through the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, CINAHL and SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe) for relevant publications up to September 2020 with no language restriction. The association between PD and SLE was assessed by the prevalence of PD in SLE patients (both sex and females only) as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included differences in common gingival parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores of SLE patients with or without PD. A total of 1183 citations and 22 full text articles were screened. Eighteen articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 13 in the quantitative analysis. SLE diagnosis was associated with greater odds of PD (OR = 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.20–1.48), but these were non‐significant when examined in females (OR = 3.20, 95%CI: 0.85–12.02). Patients with SLE exhibited no differences in PPD (SMD: −0.09 mm, 95%CI: −0.45–0.27) and CAL (SMD: 0.05 mm, 95%CI: −0.30–0.40) when compared with systemically healthy controls. PD diagnosis was, however, associated with higher SLEDAI scores in patients suffering from SLE (SMD: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.03–1.32). PD and SLE are both inflammatory diseases and their association could be bi‐directional. This review suggested that the patients with SLE have greater odds of suffering with PD. Further investigations are required to assess the association between PD and SLE.
Dealing with uncertainty in clinical reasoning: A threshold model and the roles of experience and task framing
Authors: Stojan Jennifer N. , Daniel Michelle , Hartley Sarah , Gruppen Larry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionUncertainty is integral to clinical practice and clinical reasoning but has proven difficult to study and model. Little is known about how clinicians manage uncertainty. According to evidence‐based medicine theory, clinicians should utilise new information to reduce uncertainty until reaching action thresholds for further information gathering or treatment. We examined the impact of experience and task framing on uncertainty thresholds and the extent to which these thresholds guided clinical decisions. Finally, we sought to determine the impact of framing by having participants provide threshold responses as a range or as specific numbers.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐eight fourth‐year medical students, 93 residents and 72 faculty were presented a case of viral pneumonia with a suspected superimposed bacterial infection. Participants identified their testing and treatment thresholds with either a specific number or an inter‐threshold range of probabilities that would compel them to test further. Afterwards, they were told the patient had a 20% pre‐test probability of a superimposed infection and asked whether they would treat the patient with antibiotics, order additional testing or neither. Responses were compared with their previously stated threshold values to assess decision‐making consistency.ResultsTesting thresholds were 15.8%, 20.6% and 25.8%, treatment thresholds were 78.5%, 71.6% and 73.4% and threshold spans (difference between testing and treatment thresholds) were 62.7, 51 and 47.6 for students, residents and faculty, respectively. Sixty‐four percent of respondents made judgements consistent with their thresholds, 28% escalated their decision (doing more than their thresholds predicted) and 7.6% de‐escalated their decision (doing less than their thresholds predicted). Framing had an impact on both faculty and resident decisions and a larger impact on students.DiscussionThese findings help us understand how clinical reasoning and threshold determinations vary with clinical experience. As uncertainty can lead to unnecessary testing and cognitive discomfort, examining decision thresholds helps us ascertain how diagnostic and treatment decisions are made.
Pathogen‐driven coevolution across the CBP60 plant immune regulator subfamilies confers resilience on the regulator module
Authors: Zheng Qi , Majsec Kristina , Katagiri Fumiaki 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Components of the plant immune signaling network need mechanisms that confer resilience against fast‐evolving pathogen effectors that target them. Among eight Arabidopsis CaM‐Binding Protein (CBP) 60 family members, AtCBP60g and AtSARD1 are partially functionally redundant, major positive immune regulators, and AtCBP60a is a negative immune regulator. We investigated possible resilience‐conferring evolutionary mechanisms among the CBP60a, CBP60g and SARD1 immune regulatory subfamilies.

Phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the times of CBP60 subfamily neofunctionalization. Then, using the pairwise distance rank based on the newly developed analytical platform Protein Evolution Analysis in a Euclidean Space (PEAES), hypotheses of specific coevolutionary mechanisms that could confer resilience on the regulator module were tested.

The immune regulator subfamilies diversified around the time of angiosperm divergence and have been evolving very quickly. We detected significant coevolutionary interactions across the immune regulator subfamilies in all of 12 diverse core eudicot species lineages tested. The coevolutionary interactions were consistent with the hypothesized coevolution mechanisms.

Despite their unusually fast evolution, members across the CBP60 immune regulator subfamilies have influenced the evolution of each other long after their diversification in a way that could confer resilience on the immune regulator module against fast‐evolving pathogen effectors.
Development and validation of the Scale for Staff–Family Partnership in Long‐term Care (SSFPLC)
Authors: Jang Hye‐Young , Song Eun‐Ok , Ahn Jung‐Won 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA partnership between staff and families is crucial to maintain nursing home residents' health and promote quality of care, and currently, there is a need for a measurement tool to assess the partnership.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a tool for assessing the partnership between staff and the families of older adult nursing home residents from the perspective of staff members and to verify its reliability and validity.MethodsThe instrument was developed in the following four stages: (1) generation of an item pool via literature review and focus group interview, (2) experts' content validity analysis of 32 items, (3) a preliminary survey on 30 staff members and (4) validity and reliability tests of the instrument on 346 staff members in nursing homes between July and October 2018.ResultsThe final instrument consists of 17‐items in four categories (family's trust and support, collaborative relationship and communication, encouragement to participate in care and professional care). Each item was rated on a 4‐point Likert scale, and the higher scores indicating better partnership between staff and families of nursing home residents. The reliability of the instrument was 0.90, and the test–retest intra‐class correlation coefficient was 0.96.ConclusionThe Scale for Staff–Family Partnership in Long‐term Care (SSFPLC) showed acceptable reliability and validity as an instrument to assess the partnership between nursing home staff and families.Implications for practiceThis tool can be used for evaluating staff and family partnerships within nursing homes.