bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical and plant trait mechanisms drive enhanced methane emissions in response to whole-ecosystem warming
Authors: Noyce Genevieve L. , Megonigal J. Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Climate warming perturbs ecosystem carbon (C) cycling, causing both positive
and negative feedbacks on greenhouse gas emissions. In 2016, we began a
tidal marsh field experiment in two vegetation communities to investigate
the mechanisms by which whole-ecosystem warming alters C gain, via
plant-driven sequestration in soils, and C loss, primarily via methane
(CH4) emissions. Here, we report the results from the first 4 years.
As expected, warming of 5.1 ∘C more than doubled CH4
emissions in both plant communities. We propose this was caused by a
combination of four mechanisms: (i) a decrease in the proportion of CH4
consumed by CH4 oxidation, (ii) more C substrates available for
methanogenesis, (iii) reduced competition between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and (iv) indirect effects of plant traits. Plots
dominated by Spartina patens consistently emitted more CH4 than plots dominated by
Schoenoplectus americanus, indicating key differences in the roles these common wetland plants play
in affecting anaerobic soil biogeochemistry and suggesting that plant
composition can modulate coastal wetland responses to climate change.
PERTUMBUHAN TINGGI DAN DIAMETER TANAMAN JATI SALOMON (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) UMUR 11 TAHUN DI DESA TANAH MERAH
Authors: Herijanto Thamrin  
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to grow the height and diameter of the Solomon Teak tree (Tectona grandis) planted in 2006 on Samarinda-Bontang Street, Tanah Merah Village, North Samarinda District. The results of this study were able to provide information about the growth of Teak Solomon's height and diameter at that location and as input for the development of Solomon Teak plants, especially in East Kalimantan.The research method used is a simple random method to get 100 trees to be studied. Selected trees measured their height and diameter then analyzed with simple statistics.Based on the results of calculations, data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the growth of the average height and diameter of the Salomon Teak Jalan Poros Samarinda - Bontang is equal to 17.621 m for height and an average diameter of 19.246 cm. Growth is better than ordinary teak species (Perhutani) located in East Kutai. It is recommended for young teak plants to be maintained more intensively so that the adaptation process will quickly occur and minimize competition. Another factor that needs to be considered is doing mixcropping with annual plants considering the width of the spacing used
PERANAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA MANDOR PANEN DI PERUSAHAAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT, KABUPATEN BERAU, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Dahlia  , Anwar Rusli , Rusmini  , Mulyadi Fadli , Ngapiyatun Sri 
Published: April 2021

The Role of human resource development program on improving performance of harvesting foremans on oil palm plantation company, berau regency, east kalimantan the background of this study is because the performance of harvesting foremans on oil palm plantation hasn't been maximized notably on the influence of training and awarding their performance. This study aims to determine how far the training and awarding that has been given by the company to harvesting foremans then can affect their perception about training and awarding also to evaluates their performance. This study also exoplores about the characteristic of the harvesting foreman as object of this study. This study used quantitative method which is multiregression analysis with training (x1) and awarding (x2) as independent variables and performance (y) as dependent variable. this study used all the popullation and questioner to collect the data then processed by using SPSS program then comparing the result of the SPSS output with the field conditions.Based on the multiregression analysis result showed that there was an influence between the training and awarding on harvesting foreman' performance with a strong correlation, therefore it could be concluded that the human resource development programs toward harvesting foremans influenced their performance.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN PREMI PANEN KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PANEN DI PT. NIAGAMAS GEMILANG KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Misnati Prihartini  , Mulyadi Fadli , Mirasari Rossy 
Published: April 2021

Harvesting is important thing for oil palm company, because of that the company needs skilled harvesting employee. In order to achieve the company's goal thus the company needs to encourage employee by providing harvest premium to escalate employee's motivation. Therefore, this study aims to look for the correlation of giving harvest premium toward employee's work motivation.
This study used quantitative description method with questioner and interview as method of collecting data. The subject of this study was 30 married harvesting employees. Based on the calculation result, researcher obtained the value of coefficient of correlation by 0,334 which mean the value of correlation (r) was between 0,20-0,399 which mean there was a weak correlation between premium variable (X) and motivation (Y). And the level of significance by 0,074 which was higher than the significance level of 0,05 thus could be concluded that provision of the harvest premium had a weak correlation toward employee work motivation and harvest premium had no significant effect on work motivation allegedly because the lack of fresh fruit bunches that ready to harvest in the field, field conditions and harvester productivity.
ANALISA PROFIT MAKSIMUM USAHATANI LADA KELOMPOK TANI BERKAH MANDIRI DI DESA BATUAH, KECAMATAN LOA JANAN, KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Aulia Farah Diba  , Obeth Ernita , Jamaluddin  
Published: April 2021

One of the goals of agricultural development is to increase the welfare of farmers, but in fact, there are still many farmers who are not economically prosperous. Increasing the welfare of farmers can be achieved through the success of farming. The achievement of maximum profit is one indicator of the success of the farming business. Batuah Village, which is located in Loa Janan District, is one of the largest producing areas in East Kalimantan. So far, it is not known whether the pepper farming in Batuah Village has reached its maximum profit. This is what encourages researchers to analyze the maximum profit of pepper farming in Batuah Village.
The purpose of this study is to determine how much maximum profit that can be received by farmers based on the total costs that have been incurred. Data obtained through interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple linear regression methods.
The results showed that the maximum profit that the Berkah Mandiri farmer group could get in Batuah Village was Rp. 9,183,253 / ha achieved at a production rate of 560 kg / ha. So far, farmers have not reached the maximum production and maximum profit because the average farmer's production is 517 kg / ha and the average farmer's profit is Rp. 7,548,229 / ha. Therefore, to achieve maximum profit, pepper farmers in the Berkah Mandiri farmer groups need to increase their productivity.
DAMPAK KEBERADAAN PERKEBUNAN SAWIT KALTIM LESTARI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DESA SABINTULUNG KECAMATAN MUARA KAMAN
Authors: Mahmud Syamsuddin  , Wartomo  , Herawati Elisa 
Published: April 2021

With the existence of the oil palm company PT. Sawit Kaltim Lestari is intended to create jobs, expand job opportunities and business opportunities. Based on this, the oil palm company has a strategic meaning, which is expected to increase community income, support the balance of the economic structure and create and expand employment.
Based on the explanation above, the problem in this study is how the impact of the establishment of the oil palm company PT. Sawit Kaltim Lestari towards community income in Sabintulung Village, Muara Kaman District.
Then this study aims to determine the impact of the establishment of the oil palm company PT. Sawit Kaltim Lestari on community income in Sabintulung Village, Muara Kaman District
PENENTUAN JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA OPTIMAL BAGIAN PEMANENAN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA DI PT. EQUALINDO MAKMUR ALAM SEJAHTERA
Authors: Elisa Herawati  , Fathiah  , Rafly M. Taury 
Published: April 2021

Each division in the company has a different workload size so that a different workload calculation is needed in determining the effective and efficient time for workers in their field of work with predetermined targets. Workload analysis can provide information on the completion time of work that can be achieved by each workforce so that it can be seen how much optimal workforce is needed by the company to achieve the predetermined target.

Equalindo Makmur Alam Sejahtera is engaged in the oil palm plantation industry with the main activity of the company is to develop, plant, care for and harvest oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB). In oil palm plantation companies, harvesting activities are one of the determinants of company productivity, therefore researchers try to identify the workload and calculate the optimal number of harvesting workers at PT. equalindo Makmur Alam Sejahtera division 1 part of harvesting.

This study aims to determine the time for completing the work of the main tasks assigned, perform workload analysis to determine optimal labor requirements, and determine policies that need to be done to improve the performance of labor in harvesting so that moreeffective and efficient.
The method used in this study was the observation of the work activities of 16 harvesting workers with the following research procedures; Calculating Effective Working Days per month, Calculating productive Working Time, Calculating Work Completion Time (WPK) and Calculating Labor Needs Optimal. The conclusion of this research is the number of WPK harvesting part is 108,772 minutes/year or 227 days/year and the optimal number of labor as a result of the calculation is 13 people.
missão civilizadora como factor de construção da alteridade colonial em Moçambique
Authors: Omar Denisse 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo procura analisar como o discurso da missão civilizadora contribuiu para a construção da alteridade colonial em Moçambique. O período colonial que durou cerca de 500 anos em Moçambique, consequentemente, deixou marcas profundas no seio da população sendo a mais relevante a missão civilizadora que foi o garante do sucesso da colonização, pois a partir desta missão os portugueses a semelhança de outros europeus ganharam o direito de civilizar os povos considerados atrasados, não respeitando assim a história desses povos. Portanto, a partir desta missão surge a alteridade e a diferença entre ‘civilizados’ (colonizador) e ‘selvagens/indígenas’ (colonizado). É neste contexto que na primeira parte deste artigo faz-se alusão a questão da missão civilizadora implementada pela administração colonial como factor chave para construir a alteridade e a diferença colonial. Neste sentido, para realização deste artigo levou-se em consideração uma análise bibliográfica e documental buscando-se analisar o tópico a partir dos materiais e documentos existentes em Arquivos, centrando-se principalmente na documentação que deu mais ímpeto e clareza à pesquisa.
Palavras-chave: Colonialismo, alteridade, missão civilizadora, assimilado
“The role of Tulsi plant in management of Alasaka kushtha – A literature review.”
Authors: Paratkar Eshwari S. , Jaisal Suryaprakash K. , M.S. Jaiswal  
Published: April 2021

There are many skin disease which is most common among all skin diseases worldwide. Chronic skin conditions are typically not curable, but they can be managed using proper drugs and by paying close attention to lifestyle. Ayurveda focuses on healthy lifestyle practices and regular consumption of adaptogenic herbs. This study is focusing on getting knowledge of the role of Tulsi plant in Alasaka kushta by review of samhitas, research articles, published articles, and websites. In Ayurved samhitas various skin diseases are comes under different classification. Some skin diseases are comes under kshudra kushtha. Alasaka kushtha comes under kshudra kushta in some Ayurvedic samhitas. Dravya guna is one of the pharmaco-therapeutic branch of Ayurveda deals with herbal drugs. The plant Ocimum sanctum better known as Tulsi or Holy basil can be used for everything from the common cold to heart disorder due to its highly complex chemical composition. Perhaps best known of many active compounds that have been identified and extracted from the Tulsi plant. Tulsi herb can also cure variety of skin disease. Therefore called as “Herb for all reason”.
AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (ARMD) CLINICAL PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Thokare Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) next to cataract is the leading cause visual loss in elderly. My study is to focus on cleanical profile of Age Related Macular Degeneration with effective Ayurveda management to increasing in average longitivity of an individual with advance in science and technology along with traditional management.In research scenario it has been demonstrated that choroidal neovascular lesion of Age Related Macular Degeneration. Account for most of severe loss of vision attributed to this condition. My study tries to give additional option and contribution of Ayurveda to patient affected with Age Related Macular Degeneration. Macula is area which correspond to centre of vision. There are two types Dry and Wet ARMD based on appearance of exudates and tiny haemorrhage in the macular area . in wet AMD treatment of Raktpitta should be followed. Though description of macular degeneration is not described is classics . Gradual loss of vision in Timira we can assume this regenerative pathology as Prakopita Vatalakshana in Drushti Mandala . Inn proper Tarpak Kapha result in weakening of function and death of life sensing cells of macula . In dry Age Related Macular Degeneration this cells breakdown slowly and result in loss of central vision . These can be stated Kaphavata Drushtijanya Timira . In case of wet AMD abnormal blood vessels start to grow under macula and eventually bleed . This explains Raktpitta Drushti . Management of Age Related Macular Degeneration should be done on the principle of Vatavyadhi with Rasayan Chikitsa .
The Validity and Reliability of Student Evaluation of Teaching at the National University of Lesotho
Authors: Thetsane Regina 
Published: April 2021

Many Higher Education Institutions use the Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) scale to evaluate the quality of instructors’ teaching. It includes students’ evaluation of the teacher, the teaching process, teaching approaches and the learning outcomes. Due to its reported dubious reliability and validity, and inherent bias in measuring the quality of teaching, SET remains a hotly debated and controversial instrument. This study evaluated thereliability and validity of the SET scale adopted by the National University of Lesotho. Self-administered SET questionnaires were distributed to 104 third- and fourth-year Bachelor of Commerce students to evaluate ten lecturers, resulting in 751 assessment records. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). While the findings suggest that the SET instrument used at the university is reasonably reliable and valid, minor concerns were raised with regard to discriminant validity, and serious concerns in relation to content validity. Based on the existing literature and the psychometric properties of this SET instrument, it is recommended that university management exercise caution in using its results to make evaluative personnel decisions such as promotions, confirmations, and dismissals. It is also recommended that the SET instrument should be revised and validated and be primarily used for formative purposes such as obtaining feedback for the development of individual instructors.
Key words: formative assessment, reliability, student evaluation of teaching, summative assessment, validity
Students' Reflections on the Use of the Zoom Video Conferencing Technology for Online Learning at a South African University
Authors: Mpungose Cedric B. 
Published: April 2021

The majority of universities in South Africa offer face-to-face lectures, resulting in the neglect of online lectures, although learning management systems (LMS) have been adopted and are capable of supporting onlinelearning (e-learning). The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) forced universities to move fully online and to adopt Video Conferencing Technologies (VCT) to supplement LMS for e-learning. However, most students confront challenges related to a digital divide, raising the question of whether universities are able to address these effectively. This study explored students’ reflections on the use of the Zoom VCT for e-learning at a SouthAfrican university. An interpretive qualitative case study was conducted, with data generated using emailed reflective activities and Zoom focus group discussions with 26 students in a curriculum studies programme.The framework of connectivism was employed and the data were thematically analysed. The study found that Internet access was a major challenge. While most students enjoyed synchronous Zoom discussions, they wereunable to use other Zoom functions for effective engagement. It is thus recommended that the university should develop an e-learning policy and provide the necessary resources and training to students in order to ensure fitness for purpose.
Key words: students’ reflections, Zoom VCT, e-learning, face-to-face, curriculum, university
Partnership Dynamics in University-Community Engagement:
Authors: Mutero Innocent T. 
Published: April 2021

Cooperation and reciprocity between university actors and community research assistants through university-community engagement has the potential to lead to knowledge creation and improved research uptake.However, there is a paucity of research on the relational dynamics and operating processes in successful partnerships between multi-disciplinary university scientists and community research assistants. This study investigated the case of the Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (Tiba) research team based at the University of KwaZulu-Natal to identify the attributes associated with constructing and sustaining transformative university-community engagement through multi-disciplinary research teams. Data was collected by means of participant observation, ethnographic conversation interviews, and in-depth interviews with key participants including co- --mmunity research assistants and university-based researchers. The results show that organisational structure and qualities, academic principles and social qualities underpin the success of multi-disciplinary research teams. Based on the findings, we assert that dialogic interaction, respect, ‘demystification of science’ and knowledge plurality facilitate relationships between researchers and community research assistants that can aid in framing sustainable university-community engagement as a way to work with the community rather than ways to work for it.
Key words: university-community engagement, social attributes, partnership dynamics, multi-disciplinary research, community research assistants
Elatostema qinzhouense (Urticaceae), a new species from limestone karst in Guangxi, China
Authors: Fu Longfei , Monro Alexandre K. , Yang Tiange , Wen Fang , Pan Bo , Xin Zibing , Zhang Zhixiang , Wei Yigang 
Published: April 2021

Elatostema qinzhouense L.F. Fu, A.K. Monro & Y.G. Wei, a new species from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. Morphologically, E. qinzhouense is most similar to E. hezhouense from which it differs by having smaller size of leaf laminae, fewer and smaller staminate peduncle bracts, longer pistillate peduncle bracts and a larger achene. This result is supported by the molecular evidence. The phylogenetic position of the new species within Elatostema is evaluated using three DNA regions, ITS, trnH-psbA and psbM-trnD, for 107 taxa of Elatostema s.l. (including E. qinzhouense). Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses each recovered the same strongly supported tree topologies, indicating that E. qinzhouense is a member of the core Elatostema clade and sister to E. hezhouense. Along with the phylogenetic studies, plastid genome and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of the new species are assembled and annotated. The plastid genome is 150,398 bp in length and comprises two inverted repeats (IRs) of 24,688 bp separated by a large single-copy of 83,919 bp and a small single-copy of 17,103 bp. A total of 113 functional genes are recovered, comprising 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The rDNA is 5,804 bp in length and comprised the 18S ribosomal RNA partial sequence (1,809 bp), internal transcribed spacer 1 (213 bp), 5.8S ribosomal RNA (164 bp), internal transcribed spacer 2 (248 bp) and 26S ribosomal RNA partial sequence (3,370 bp). In addition, the chromosome number of E. qinzhouense is observed to be 2n = 26, suggesting that the species is diploid. Given a consistent relationship between ploidy level and reproductive system in Elatostema, the new species is also considered to be sexually reproducing. Our assessment of the extinction threat for E. qinzhouense is that it is Endangered (EN) according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Comparison of Rare Types of Breast Cancer
Authors: Erdogan Osman , Parlakgumus Alper , Topal Ugur , Yener Kemal , Turan Umit , Irkorucu Oktay 
Published: April 2021

Aims: Mucinous, medullary, and papillary carcinomas are rarely encountered types of breast cancer. This study aims to contribute to the literature by comparing the clinical and prognostic features and treatment alternatives of rare breast carcinomas.
Study Design: Thirty-four patients with rare breast cancer out of a total of 1368 patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer in our clinic between January 2011 and December 2020 were included in the study.
Methodology: The patients were assigned into three groups, i.e., medullary carcinoma group (Group 1), mucinous carcinoma group (Group 2) and papillary carcinoma group (Group 3). Demographic and clinical features, treatment modalities used, surgical approaches, pathological features of tumors and survival were compared between the groups.
Results: Thirty-four patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients in Group 3 was higher, though it was not statistically significant. Modified radical mastectomy was more frequently performed in all the groups. The number of the lymph nodes removed through axillary dissections and the number of the positive lymph nodes were similar in all the groups. The tumors in all the groups were also of comparable sizes (30 mm in Group 1, 42.5 mm in Group 2 and 30 mm in Group 3; p:0.464). Estrogen receptors were negative in a significantly higher rate of Group 1(66.7% of Group 1, p<0,001). A significantly higher rate of Group 1 received postoperative chemotherapy (93,3% of Group 1,p:0.001), but the rate of the patients receiving hormonotherapy in this group was significantly lower (26.7% of Group, p<0,001). The patients with medullary cancer had significantly longer survival than those with mucinous cancer and those with papillary cancer (76.2 in Group 1, 54.5 in Group 2 and 58.4 in Group 3; p:0.005).
Conclusion: While rare subtypes of breast carcinoma did not affect opting for surgical treatment, selection of oncological therapy was affected depending on the hormone receptor status of these tumors. The long-term survival differed between rare breast tumors. In view of the unique clinical pictures of the tumors, the patients should be evaluated individually, and the evaluation should be associated with theevidence-based principles available for more common breast carcinomas.