bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular accumulation and metabolism of beta‐carotene and lycopene in normal and non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Marisiddaiah Raju , Gong Xiaoming , Wiener Doris , Rubin Lewis P. 
Published: June 2021

β‐Carotene (BC), lycopene (lyc) or total dietary carotenoids have protective role in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, high‐dose BC increased NSCLC incidence in high‐risk individuals. Limited knowledge of uptake and metabolism of BC and lyc in human lung cells prompted this investigation in immortalized human bronchial epithelial (BEAS‐2B) and alveolar epithelial‐derived adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Our results show that BEAS‐2B and A549 cells respectively express high levels of CMO2 and CMO1 mRNA (qRT‐PCR) and protein (western blot). We analyzed cellular BC, lyc and putative metabolites by HPLC after 3, 6, 24 and 48h exposures to 3 and 5μM of BC or lyc. BC and lyc were taken up in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Incubation with 3 and 5μM BC resulted in 306 and 374 pmol BC (A549), and 512 and 306 pmol BC (BEAS‐2B) per million cells. Interestingly, BC was metabolized to retinal in A549 cells after 6h, consistent with the high level of CMO1 expression. A reduced retinal accumulation observed after 48h appears to be due to further retinoid metabolism. In contrast, BEAS‐2B cells showed no detectable BC metabolites, indicating BC is not significantly metabolized by these cells. Lyc treatment generated several isomers and oxidized metabolites in both cell lines. After 24h treatment with 3 and 5μM lyc, accumulation was 93 and 102 pmol lyc (A549), and 491 and 614 pmol lyc (BEAS‐2B) per million cells. We conclude that normal and NSCLC cells may differently metabolize BC and lyc. These findings, and our other data, suggest that a shift in carotene metabolism (a) accompanies NSCLC carcinogenesis and (b) may underlie the deleterious effects of high‐dose BC in lung cancer clinical trials. Further studies are needed to characterize metabolism in normal and abnormal lung epithelium.Grant Funding Source: NIH HD42174
Quercetin causes dose‐related increases in energy expenditure and PGC1α in muscle of C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Henagan Tara Michelle , Lenard Natalie R , Rietschier Helena , Anaya Stephanie , Gettys Thomas W , Cefalu William T , Stewart Laura K 
Published: June 2021

We explored the protective effect of varying doses of the antioxidant quercetin on mitochondrial function in C57BL/6J mice on a high fat (HF) diet. Six week old male C57BL/6J mice (N = 192) were randomly assigned to one of the following diets: HF (45% kcal fat), HF + 600ug quercetin/day (600Q), HF + 250ug quercetin/day (250Q) or HF + 50ug quercetin/day (50Q). Body weight (BW), body composition (BC), and food consumption (FC) were measured weekly. At 3 weeks (wk) and 8 wk, energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and activity were assessed. At the 3 and 8wk time points, animals were sacrificed and quadriceps muscle was used for quantification of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC1α) mRNA by real time PCR. The assessed variables did not differ at 3 wk, but at 8 wk 50Q significantly increased EE (P < 0.05) but did not change PGC1α Conversely, the 600Q group exhibited a decrease in EE yet higher levels of PGC1α in comparison to HF (P < 0.05). 250Q had no difference in EE at 8 wk but increased PGC1α (P < 0.05). There were no differences in BW, BC, or FC among groups at 8wk. We conclude that 8wk of quercetin supplementation causes dose‐related metabolic responses that may be indicative of protective mitochondrial adaptations to a HF diet, independent of a reduction in BW or a change in BC.Grant Funding Source: Botanical Research Pilot Funding Program ‐ Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Interaction of the pepsin resistant soy proteins to the intestinal mucosa of rat
Authors: Kong Mijung , Lee Jin‐Woo , Park Seonmin , Lee Aeri , Kim Jong Sang 
Published: June 2021

Identification of the pepsin resistant soluble soy proteins and their binding characteristics to the intestinal mucosa of rat, and the cell signaling in the human epithelial cell line, IEC‐2, were investigated. Proteomic methods were adopted to identify the soy proteins resistant to pepsin, the binder proteins on the intestinal mucosa layer, and the posttranslational modification of proteins involved in cell signaling upon binding of the pepsin resistant soy proteins to the cell surface receptor. Most of the pepsin resistant soluble soy proteins were identified as well known food allergens and storage proteins, such as glycinin. The binding of the resistant proteins to the intestinal mucosa proteins identified a 32 kDa protein by a blot binding assay. The interaction of the resistant protein to the intestinal epithelial cell, IEC‐2, changes the phosphorylation states on the cell signaling proteins involved in metabolic turnover, cell structure formation and protein turn‐over. The results suggest that some soluble soy proteins resistant to the pepsin digestion can interact with intestinal proteins and change the cellular activity in the intestine. This study was supported by a research grant from KISTEP.Grant Funding Source: KISTEP in Korea
Two common variants in the human CYP4F2 gene result in substantial alterations in vitamin E‐ω‐hydroxylase specific activity
Authors: Bardowell Sabrina Anne , Stec David E. , Parker Robert S. 
Published: June 2021

Human cytochrome P450 CYP4F2 catalyzes the ω‐hydroxylation of the side chain of tocopherols (TOHs) and tocotrienols (T3s), the first step in their catabolism to polar metabolites which are excreted in urine. CYP4F2 exhibits strong substrate preference for vitamin E forms other than α‐TOH, and in conjunction with α‐TOH transfer protein results in the conserved phenotype of selective accumulation of α‐TOH. The purpose of this work was to determine the functional effect of two genetic variants in the human CYP4F2 gene on TOH‐ω‐hydroxylase specific activity. CYP4F2 TOH‐ω‐hydroxylase specific activity was measured in microsomal preparations from insect cells infected with baculovirus containing human wild‐type or polymorphic CYP4F2 DNA expressing the respective enzyme variants. The W12G variant exhibited a 130–175% increase in enzyme activity (pmol product/min/pmol CYP4F2) toward α, γ, δ‐TOH and a 250–253% increase in enzyme activity toward α, γ, δ‐T3. The V433M variant exhibited a 36–58% decrease in enzyme activity towards TOHs and a non‐significant decrease in activity toward T3s. Since CYP4F2 is the only known enzyme to mediate vitamin E metabolism in humans, the observed substantial enhancement and impairment in enzyme activity due to these two genetic variants may result in alterations in vitamin E status in individuals carrying these mutations. Supported in part by NIH grant DK067494.Grant Funding Source: NIH grant DK067494
Genotype‐based online nutrition guidance
Authors: Kohlmeier Martin 
Published: June 2021

The complexity of multiple gene‐nutrient interactions prevents consumers from making, on a daily basis, unassisted dietary choices that fit their personal needs. The objective therefore was to demonstrate the feasibility of personalized computer‐assisted menu selection.An online tool (http://www.nim.unc.edu/guidance/guidance.html) was developed to match daily menus to individual genetic profiles. The algorithm calculates the sum of normalized distances for all nutrients in a potential menu, using parabolic functions tailored to nutrients and user characteristics. The settings ensure the selection of menus that closely meet intake targets for energy and critical nutrients.Hypothetical scenarios used non‐pregnant 40 year‐old women, one with the full‐length DHFR gene with normal folic acid tolerance, and one with two copies of the 19del variant (rs70991108) with possibly low folic acid tolerance. The program found twenty well‐balanced one‐day menus for the first woman, all of which met her folate target with less than 6.7% deviation. Setting the folic acid to 25% of total folate intake for the carrier of the 19del variant yielded six one‐day menus that met the total folate target with up to 4.4% deviation, while keeping folic acid below the limit.This draft version of a nutrition guidance program establishes proof of concept. Ongoing development aims at expanding the database and adding functionalities.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase gene may influence choline requirement
Authors: da Costa Kerry‐Ann , Fischer Leslie , Hwang Hye Mee , Zeisel Steven 
Published: June 2021

Humans derive the choline they require from their diet and from de novo biosynthesis catalyzed by the enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PEMT). In previous studies, we found that pre‐menopausal women were resistant to developing organ dysfunction when consuming a low choline diet as compared to post‐menopausal women and men. Also, we showed that the gene PEMT is estrogen responsive, allowing pre‐menopausal women to form more of their required choline via PEMT. However, some pre‐menopausal women (44%) did develop choline deficiency and we found that they had a haplotype containing an allele for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PEMT (rs12325817). To determine whether this effect of the SNP increased with the number of mutant alleles, we recruited 27 pre‐menopausal women with 0, 1 or 2 of the alleles. They were fed a baseline diet containing 550 mg choline/day for 10 days, followed by a choline deficient diet for up to 42 days, and a repletion diet with 850 mg choline for 10 days. Subjects were deemed clinically choline deficient if they developed hepatic steatosis or muscle dysfunction on the low choline diet and if the organ dysfunction disappeared when choline was returned to the diet. We found that 80% of the subjects who were homozygous for the SNP became choline deficient compared to 43% with 1 variant allele, and 13% without the SNP (p=0.02). We conclude that the risk of a pre‐menopausal woman becoming choline deficient is proportional to the allele dose for the SNP rs12325817.This research is supported by grants from NIH‐ DK55865, DK56350 and RR00046.
No effect of a rapidly fermentable fiber on satiety in healthy subjects
Authors: Hess Jennifer , Birkett Anne , Thomas William , Slavin Joanne 
Published: June 2021

The role of fiber in body weight regulation may involve enhanced satiety. This double blind, crossover design study (N=20) sought to examine the satiety response of a short‐chain fructooligosaccharide (scFOS) and its ability to decrease energy intake. On 3 occasions subjects were randomly assigned to consume 2 separate doses of 0g (control), 5g or 8g of scFOS, the first at breakfast in beverage form, the second prior to dinner in solid chews. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were completed to assess satiety between breakfast and lunch. Ad libitium food intake was measured at a lunch meal and over 24 hours. Hydrogen breath measures were obtained and gastrointestinal tolerance was assessed. Results were analyzed as area under the curve (AUC). Food intake was lower after scFOS treatments; however, differences were not significant. No enhancements in satiety were found. Hydrogen breath measures indicated significant dose dependent fermentation rates within 4 hours of ingestion; however, all treatments were well tolerated with no significant differences in gastrointestinal symptoms. These results indicate that scFOS are well tolerated but do not enhance satiety. Hydrogen breath response evidenced rapid fermentation indicating that the prebiotic properties of scFOS may provide physiological benefits beyond satiety.This research was supported by GTC Nutrition, Golden, CO.
Relations between diet intake and parenting stress in breastfeeding women
Authors: Butler Kara , Kennedy Tay , Aubuchon‐Endsley Nicki , Valtr Tabitha , Rudluff Rebecca , Thomas David G 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between diet as measured by the Diet History Questionnaire and parenting stress in 50 women breastfeeding their 3 month old infants. The Parenting Stress Index (Short From) assessed total stress (TS) and has subscales assessing parental distress (PD), parent‐child dysfunctional interactions (PCDI) and child difficulty (DC). Mean age of women was 28.3 years (SD 5.3) and infant birth weight was 7.5 lbs (SD .9). Correlation analyses found that PCDI was correlated with caffeine (r = .317, p = .025); dairy servings (r = .377, p = .007) and added sugar (r = .283, p = .047). However, DC was correlated with saturated fat (r = .327, p = .020) and dairy servings (r = .477 p = .000). Dairy servings were also related to TS (r = .381, p = .006) and PD was related to grain servings (r = −.291, p = .040). Results suggest further investigation into the relation between food choice and stress to provide appropriate guidance to women.This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2008‐35200‐18779 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture.
Relationship of overweight‐obesity with some health conditions in Women beneficiaries of Oportunidades, Results of a National probabilistic survey.
Authors: Mejia‐Rodriguez Fabiola , Quezada‐Sanchez David , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Villalpando‐Hernandez Salvador 
Published: June 2021

Objectiveto evaluate the relationship of overweight‐obesity with some health conditions in Women beneficiaries of Oportunidades program in Mexico.MethodsFor the present analysis, a subsample representative of Oportunidades was extracted from ENSANUT‐2006, the National Nutrition Survey, 2006. For the purpose of this analysis we selected data for 3,293 women (weighted 1,477,984 women). Venous blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein. We calculated high levels of cholesterol (>240 mg/dL), glucose (>126 mg/dL), hypertension (>140 mmHg). We evaluate the relationship of overweight‐obesity with that health conditions using probit regression after adjustment for age, socioeconomic status level, area, and indigenous condition.ResultsThe women with overweight‐obesity have high probability (p<0.001) to present high levels of cholesterol, glucose, hypertension. But probability falls if they are young and indigenous women.ConclusionsEqual what has been reported in some poor countries, overweight in poor women from rural Mexico is associated with high levels of cholesterol, glucose and hypertension. Further studies are required to understand how we can make action to reduce or to prevent these conditions of overweight‐obesity in population from the Oportunidades.
Development of Screening Tool Identifying Korean Adolescent females at Fe Deficiency Anemic Status.
Authors: Park Suh yeon , Son Sook Mee 
Published: June 2021

To develop a simple screening tool for identifying Korean adolescent females at risk of Fe deficiency anemic status. Dietary intake, dietary behavior food habit, anthropometric data and biochemical data were obtained from the subjects.The field survey was carried out with 94 anemic female students(middle school: 90, high school: 104) and 253 normal female students(middle school: 159, high school: 94). The parameter used to evaluate the students as anemic was hemoglobin(Hb<11.5g/dl). Significant factors related to anemia were investigated and selected to make screening tool with can be used to screen out the subjects with the risk of anemia. Screening tools including dietary and non‐dietary factors were developed for each middle school and high school student. Above all, we developed convenient food frequency questionnaire for predicting iron intake or hemoglobin. We used convenient food frequency questionnaire(Fe 15food items) for development of screening tool. Fe index with 15 food items, frequency of soybean curds and soy products, education of mother, biceps skinfold thickness were adopted in the screening tool for middle school girls. There factors explained 32.0% of the variation in hemoglobin and the sensitivity was 81.25% to screen out anemic subjects evaluated as anemic with Hb(<11.5g/dl). For high school students, the screening tool was consisted with Fe index with 15 food items, biceps skinfold thickness, height and family size. There factors significantly explanined 24.7% of the variation of hemoglobin and the sensitivity was 75.5%.
Is protein intake associated with bone mineral density in young women?
Authors: Beasley Jeannette Michele , Ichikawa Laura E , Ange Brett A. , Spangler Leslie , LaCroix Andrea Z , Ott Susan M , Scholes Delia 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe range of protein intake for optimizing bone health among pre‐menopausal women is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline dietary protein and bone mineral density (BMD) among 560 women aged 14–40.MethodsDietary protein intake was assessed using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire in participants enrolled in a study investigating associations between contraceptive use and bone health. Annual change in hip, spine, and whole body BMD were measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline protein intake (%kcal) and BMD were examined using linear regression analysis and generalized estimating equations adjusted for confounders.ResultsBaseline mean (±SD) protein intake was 15.5%±3.2% kcal. After multi‐variable adjustment, mean BMD was similar across each tertile of protein intake. In cross‐sectional analyses, low vegetable protein intake was associated with lower BMD (p=0.03 for hip, p=0.10 for spine, p=0.04 for whole body). For every percent increase in protein(%kcal), there were no significant longitudinal changes in BMD at any anatomic site.ConclusionData from this longitudinal study suggest higher protein intake does not have an adverse impact on bone in pre‐menopausal women. Cross‐sectional analyses suggest low vegetable protein intake is associated with lower BMD. This study was funded by R01 HD31165‐01, R01 HD31165‐08 and T32‐AG027677.
Alcohol in food during childhood exposure as a risk factor for heavy drinking when adults: a case‐control study in Europe
Authors: Gregori Dario , Ghidina Marco , Morpurgo Giada , Zobec Federica 
Published: June 2021

A case control study, matched by gender and age has been conducted in Germany to understand if exposure to food containing alcohol during childhood is associated with an increased risk of heavy drinking when adult.One hundred fifty former ethilists where enrolled in the study and matched by age and gender with 150 no‐ or moderate‐users of alcohol.People were deeply interviewed by expert psychologists, and history of risk factors related to ethilism where derived (maternal alcohol drinking, familiar environment, personal event history, …). Exposure to food containing alcohol was not significantly different between ethilists and non alcohol drinking people (11% vs, 9% respectively where eating food with alcohol during childhood, P‐value NS).No significant effect of exposure to food containing alcohol during childhood on the risk of ethilism was detected even after adjusting for other known risk factors in a multivariable analysis.
Effects of acute and chronic processed tomato intake on LDL oxidation and paraoxonase activity
Authors: Cao Yumei , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Burton‐Freeman Britt M 
Published: June 2021

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is an initiating event in atherogenesis. Paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) hydrolyzes lipid peroxides in oxidized LDL. We investigated effects of processed tomato consumption on LDL oxidation and PON1 activity after a high fat meal or following 6 wk in healthy overweight subjects. PON1‐192 genotype also was assessed. Fifty‐four men (n = 20) and women (n = 34) 21 to 70 years, nonsmokers with a BMI of 25 to 35 kg/m2 participated in a randomized, 2‐center, 2‐arm, parallel study. 26 subjects were recruited for postprandial tests. After the run‐in (3 wk of low tomato diet), two postprandial meals were fed; a high fat meal with or without tomatoes (90 g of paste). A third postprandial test (a high fat meal without tomatoes) was conducted at the end of the 6 wk study. After the run‐in, oxidized LDL increased at 6 H versus 0 H after the high fat meal without tomatoes. After 6 wk, PON1 activity increased at 6 H compared to 3 H (P < 0.05) after the high fat meal without tomatoes. There was a trend for greater PON1 activity (P < 0.07) in tomato group versus control subjects after the high fat meal without tomatoes (PON1 QR/RR carriers). In conclusion, postprandial LDL oxidation is decreased when consuming a high fat meal with tomatoes; daily consumption of tomatoes for 6 wk increases PON1 activity.Study sponsored by the Tomato Products Wellness Council.
Effects of nuts on glycemic control and coronary heart disease risk factors in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kendall Cyril WC , Esfahani Amin , Parker Tina L , Banach Monica S , Mitchell Sandra , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNut consumption, including peanuts, has been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). More recently, interest has grown in the potential value of nuts in diets of individuals with diabetes.ObjectiveTo determine if tree nuts and peanuts improve glycemic control and CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes.Methods117 subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a 3‐month parallel design study. Subjects were randomized to one of three treatments: 1) Test (Full Dose Nut Diet): 75g/d for 2,000kcal/d; 2) Test (Half Dose Nut Diet): half‐dose of nuts and half‐dose of control muffin; and 3) Control: whole wheat muffins matched with energy content of nut supplements. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 for markers of glycemic control and CHD risk factors.ResultsCompared to the control, the full dose nut supplement significantly lowered HbA1c (P=0.039), total‐C (P=0.002), LDL‐C (P=0.007), total‐C:HDL‐C (P=0.015), and LDL‐C:HDL‐C (P=0.028). The half‐dose of nuts did not result in any significant improvements in glycemic control or blood lipids.ConclusionsThe addition of nuts to the diet improves glycemic control and reduces blood lipid CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes.(Funded by Canada Research Chair Endowment; International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation; The Peanut Institute)
Investigating a 3‐step leukemogenic hypothesis in C57BL/6 mice: tungsten, RSV and hypoxia
Authors: Fastje Cynthiha D. , Harper Kevin , Terry Chad , Wong Simon S. , Witten Mark L. 
Published: June 2021

Significantly elevated concentrations of tungsten have been demonstrated in the atmospheric particulate matter in multiple communities experiencing elevated rates of childhood leukemia, but not in their respective control communities. Prenatal exposure to sodium tungstate in C57BL/6 mice (2208mg/kg/day via aerosol and/or 0.0994mg/kg/day via drinking water) significantly decreased the transcriptome expression of Dmbt1, a protein which functions to aggregate bacteria and viruses in lung mucosa and saliva. Additionally, analysis of gene microarray data produced a significant network associated with hematological/immunological disease focused on genes involved in viral defense. We hypothesize that the etiology of environmentally‐induced leukemia is in utero exposure to metals such as tungsten (W) which may increase susceptibility to viral influences, post‐natal exposure to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and triggered by a hypoxic event. End measures include qRT‐PCR of RSV genes F & G during the fastigium of the infection, RT2‐PCR for genes associated with immunological function, and a complete blood count with a differential. Mice in the W/RSV/Hypoxia group developed neutrophilia post‐hypoxic challenge and at five months developed lymphocytosis contributing to leukocytosis.Supported by EPA Grant EM‐96963201