bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse community: descriptive findings from the Born in Bradford study
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Lockyer Bridget , Moss Rachael H. , Endacott Charlotte , Kelly Brian , Bridges Sally , Crossley Kirsty L. , Bryant Maria , Sheldon Trevor A. , Wright John , Pickett Kate E. , McEachan Rosemary R.C. ,   Bradford Institute for Health Research COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: February 2021

Background: The roll out of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are now underway in the UK, and ensuring good uptake in vulnerable communities will be critical to reducing hospital admissions and deaths. There is emerging evidence that vaccine hesitancy is higher in ethnic minorities and deprived areas, and that this may be caused by misinformation in the community. This study aims to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse and deprived population. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were sent to parents in the Born in Bradford study. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and deprivation. Text from open-ended questions was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 535 (31%) of 1727 invited between 29th October-9th December 2020 participated in the study. 154 (29%) of respondents do want a vaccine, 53 (10%) do not. The majority had not thought about it (N=154, 29%) or were unsure (N=161, 30%). Vaccine hesitancy differed significantly by ethnicity and deprivation: 43% (95% CIs: 37-54%) of White British and 60% (35-81%) in the least deprived areas do want a vaccine, compared to 13% (9-19%) of Pakistani heritage and 20% (15-26%) in the most deprived areas. Those that distrusted the NHS were more likely to not want a vaccine (30%, 15-50%). Reasons for not wanting a vaccine were commonly explained by confusion and distrust caused by prevalent misinformation. Conclusions: There is a much higher level of vaccine hesitancy in ethnic minorities, those living in deprived areas and those that distrust the NHS. There is an urgent need to tackle the overwhelming misinformation about COVID-19 that is leading to this uncertainty and confusion about the vaccines. If not addressed there is a high risk of unequitable roll out of the vaccination programme in the UK.
The Role of Beliefs in Driving Gender Discrimination
Authors: Coffman Katherine B. , Exley Christine L. , Niederle Muriel 
Published: February 2021

Although there is ample evidence of discrimination against women in the workplace, it can be difficult to understand what factors contribute to discriminatory behavior. We use an experiment to both document discrimination and unpack its sources. First, we show that, on average, employers prefer to hire male over female workers for male-typed tasks, even when the two workers have identical résumés. Second, and most critically, we use a control condition to identify that this discrimination is not specific to gender. Employers are simply less willing to hire a worker from a group that performs worse on average, even when this group is, instead, defined by a nonstereotypical characteristic. In this way, beliefs about average group differences are the key driver of discrimination against women in our setting. We also document some evidence for in-group preferences that contribute to the gender discrimination observed. Finally, our design allows us to understand and quantify the extent to which image concerns mitigate discriminatory behavior. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Does Competition Improve Service Quality? The Case of Nursing Homes Where Public and Private Payers Coexist
Authors: Lu Susan Feng , Serfes Konstantinos , Wedig Gerard , Wu Bingxiao 
Published: February 2021

Competition plays an ambiguous role in nursing home markets where public and private payers coexist. Using U.S. nursing home data with a wide range of market structures, we find a U-shaped relationship between competition and service quality when nursing homes serve a mix of public and private segments, and a monotonically increasing relationship when nursing homes mostly serve the public, price-regulated, segment. The outcomes can be explained by the interplay of two opposing effects of competition: the reputation-building effect, whereby competing firms choose high quality to build a good reputation, and the rent-extraction effect, whereby competition hinders investment for quality improvements by lowering price premia. These observations are consistent with a repeated game model that incorporates public and private-payer segments. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.
Um grito de revolta: Notas sobre o discurso midiático afro-pessimista e a narrativa do filme Death Metal Angola
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Melina Aparecida , Da Silva Juremir Machado , Gutfreind Cristiane Freitas 
Published: February 2021

O artigo procura abordar como produtos audiovisuais sobre cenas do metal em territórios africanos ao mesmo tempo em que se propõem a divulgar um outro olhar sobre as culturas africanas, também parecem reproduzir os discursos ocidentais construídos historicamente sobre suas sociedades e suas culturas locais. Para tanto, realizaremos uma análise fílmica do documentário Death Metal Angola (Jeremy Xido, 2012), a qual apresentou mundialmente a existência de uma rede musical angolana dedicada ao subgênero death metal. Refletiremos até que ponto as economias, as sociedades e as culturas africanas, cujas histórias têm sido retratadas constantemente de forma pessimista pela mídia internacional, estão sendo reimaginadas pelo cenário global-local através desse produto fílmico.
CAMINHOS PARA OUTRA INVESTIGAÇÃO EDUCATIVA E SOCIAL NO CONTEXTO AMAZÔNICO: APROXIMAÇÕES POSSÍVEIS E NECESSÁRIAS
Authors: Corrêa Juliane 
Published: February 2021

A escolha de “Caminos y derivas para otra investigación educativa y social" para compor essa publicação, no formato de resenha, foi devido às suas possíveis contribuições para investigações realizadas e a serem realizadas na região Amazônica. Seus autores ao abordarem questões ontológicas, epistemológicas e metodológicas, assim como questões referentes à ética e à divulgação científica no contexto da investigação educacional, abordam questões pertinentes ao crítico momento que estamos vivenciando no campo educacional e social. Além disso, apresentam uma confluência de uma diversidade significativa de experiências e indagações, um movimento de inclusão decorrente da articulação de grupos de investigadores de 11 Universidades da Espanha e uma disposição para ir mais além.
O CORPO EM FESTA: NARRATIVAS EM CENA
Authors: Da Silva Gilmar Oliveira , Chaves Iduina M. Braun , Nhary Tania Marta C. 
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a manifestação da dimensão simbólica do corpo nas festas juninas do Colégio Universitário Geraldo Reis, COLUNI/UFF, através das narrativas de dois estudantes da escola. Buscamos mostrar como a integração da dimensão simbólica do corpo à sua dimensão racional se configura como um novo caminho para a recomposição da identidade desse corpo com liberdade e com prazer no espaço escolar e, de certa forma, compreender como são formadas as redes simbólicas que lhe dão sustentação.
Cognitive stimulation therapy for people with mild to moderate dementia in a day hospital setting: a service evaluation
Authors: Sadlier Nicola , Bickerstaffe Paul 
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for dementia recommend the use of cognitive stimulation therapy as a non-pharmacological treatment for people with mild to moderate dementia. Research evidence indicates that it can have a positive impact on cognition, quality of life and mood. Methods Cognitive stimulation therapy groups have recently been delivered as part of a therapeutic programme at a day hospital and a service evaluation was conducted to ascertain the impact of cognitive stimulation therapy on the patients attending these groups. The cognitive functioning and mood of patients was assessed before and immediately after a course of 14 cognitive stimulation therapy group sessions using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results The results indicated a stabilisation or improvement in cognition in eight of the nine patients and an improvement in mood in five of the nine patients. Conclusions These findings are in line with current research and support the continued use of cognitive stimulation therapy in the day hospital.
Structured strong $\boldsymbol{\ell}$-ifications for structured matrix polynomials in the monomial basis
Authors: De Terán Fernando , Hernando Carla , Pérez Javier 
Published: February 2021

In the framework of Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems (PEPs), most of the matrix polynomials arising in applications are structured polynomials (namely, (skew-)symmetric, (skew-)Hermitian, (anti-)palindromic, or alternating). The standard way to solve PEPs is by means of linearizations. The most frequently used linearizations belong to general constructions, valid for all matrix polynomials of a fixed degree, known as companion linearizations. It is well known, however, that it is not possible to construct companion linearizations that preserve any of the previous structures for matrix polynomials of even degree. This motivates the search for more general companion forms, in particular companion $\ell$-ifications. In this paper, we present, for the first time, a family of (generalized) companion $\ell$-ifications that preserve any of these structures, for matrix polynomials of degree $k=(2d+1)\ell$. We also show how to construct sparse $\ell$-ifications within this family. Finally, we prove that there are no structured companion quadratifications for quartic matrix polynomials.
Pulse-sheet chemical tomography by counterpropagating stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Yang Chi , Bi Yali , Cai Erli , Chen Yage , Huang Songlin , Zhang Zhihong , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2021

Large-volumetric optical tomography with molecular specificity has long been pursued to tackle the challenge of dissecting both structural and chemical organization of complicated biological tissues. Here, based on counterpropagating femtosecond pulse laser trains and stimulated Raman scattering, we report pulse-sheet chemical tomography (PCT), which allows label-free bond-selective three-dimensional imaging of large intact tissues. To prove the concept, we demonstrate vibrational tomography of highly scattering bone tissue with lateral resolution of 16.4 µm and axial resolution of 24.5 µm, over a large field of view of

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in a mouse skull with scalp. PCT resolves the trade-off between focal depth and spatial resolution, and offers unique biomedical and clinical prospects for optical tomography of tissues and organs in the future.
Hypothetical acceptability of hospital-based post-mortem pediatric minimally invasive tissue sampling in Malawi: The role of complex social relationships
Authors: Lawrence Sarah , Namusanya Dave , Hamuza Andrew , Huwa Cornelius , Chasweka Dennis , Kelley Maureen , Molyneux Sassy , Voskuijl Wieger , Denno Donna M. , Desmond Nicola 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundChild mortality rates remain unacceptably high in low-resource settings. Cause of death (CoD) is often unknown. Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS)–using biopsy needles to obtain post-mortem samples–for histopathological and microbiologic investigation is increasingly being promoted to improve child and adult CoD attribution. “MITS in Malawi” is a sub-study of the Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, which aims to identify biological and socioeconomic mortality risk factors among young children hospitalized for acute illness or undernutrition. MITS in Malawi employs standard MITS and a novel post-mortem endoscopic intestinal sampling approach to better understand CoD among children with acute illness and/or malnutrition who die during hospitalization.AimTo understand factors that may impact MITS acceptability and inform introduction of the procedure to ascertain CoD among children with acute illness or malnutrition who die during hospitalization in Malawi.MethodsWe conducted eight focus group discussions with key hospital staff and community members (religious leaders and parents of children under 5) to explore attitudes towards MITS and inform consent processes prior to commencing the MITS in Malawi study. We used thematic content analysis drawing on a conceptual framework developed from emergent themes and MITS acceptability literature.ResultsFeelings of power over decision-making within the hospital and household, trust in health systems, and open and respectful health worker communication with parents were important dimensions of MITS acceptability. Other facilitating factors included the potential for MITS to add CoD information to aid sense-making of death and contribute to medical knowledge and new interventions. Potential barriers to acceptability included fears of organ and blood harvesting, disfigurement to the body, and disruption to transportation and burial plans.ConclusionSocial relationships and power dynamics within healthcare systems and households are a critical component of MITS acceptability, especially given the sensitivity of death and autopsy.
The outcomes and decision-making process for neck lymph nodes with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Cheng Ping-Chia , Chang Chih-Ming , Liao Li-Jen , Cheng Po-Wen , Lo Wu-Chia 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis study aims to propose a cytological classification, to evaluate predictive factors of the final malignancy, and to suggest a proper management strategy for neck lymph nodes (LNs) with indeterminate cytology.MethodsPatients who had neck lymphadenopathy with indeterminate cytology between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively in a tertiary medical center. Cytological classification was conducted according to the cytological descriptions. We examined the clinical characteristics according to the final diagnosis of the neck lymphadenopathy.ResultsAccording to the final diagnoses, there were 142 malignant and 95 benign neck LNs among 237 patients. Multivariate analyses using a stepwise logistic regression model showed that cytological classification [p < 0.001, OR = 5.67 (3.48–9.23)], prior history of malignancy [p = 0.01, OR = 2.97 (1.26–6.99)], long axis [p = 0.01, OR = 3.06 (1.33–7.06)], short-to-long axis (S/L) ratio [p = 0.047, OR = 2.15 (1.01–4.57)] and internal echogenicity [p = 0.01, OR = 2.72 (1.26–5.86)] were independent predictors of malignancy.ConclusionsIn patients who have neck LNs with indeterminate cytology, a cytological classification and four other predictors (prior history of malignancy, long axis ≥ 1.93 cm, S/L ratio ≥ 0.64 and heterogeneity of internal echogenicity) are statistically associated with the risk of malignancy and helpful in guiding further management.
Nonhuman Primates Satisfy Utility Maximization in Compliance with the Continuity Axiom of Expected Utility Theory
Authors: Ferrari-Toniolo Simone , Bujold Philipe M. , Grabenhorst Fabian , Báez-Mendoza Raymundo , Schultz Wolfram 
Published: February 2021

Expected Utility Theory (EUT), the first axiomatic theory of risky choice, describes choices as a utility maximization process: decision makers assign a subjective value (utility) to each choice option and choose the one with the highest utility. The continuity axiom, central to Expected Utility Theory and its modifications, is a necessary and sufficient condition for the definition of numerical utilities. The axiom requires decision makers to be indifferent between a gamble and a specific probabilistic combination of a more preferred and a less preferred gamble. While previous studies demonstrated that monkeys choose according to combinations of objective reward magnitude and probability, a concept-driven experimental approach for assessing the axiomatically defined conditions for maximizing utility by animals is missing. We experimentally tested the continuity axiom for a broad class of gamble types in 4 male rhesus macaque monkeys, showing that their choice behavior complied with the existence of a numerical utility measure as defined by the economic theory. We used the numerical quantity specified in the continuity axiom to characterize subjective preferences in a magnitude-probability space. This mapping highlighted a trade-off relation between reward magnitudes and probabilities, compatible with the existence of a utility function underlying subjective value computation. These results support the existence of a numerical utility function able to describe choices, allowing for the investigation of the neuronal substrates responsible for coding such rigorously defined quantity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA common assumption of several economic choice theories is that decisions result from the comparison of subjectively assigned values (utilities). This study demonstrated the compliance of monkey behavior with the continuity axiom of Expected Utility Theory, implying a subjective magnitude-probability trade-off relation, which supports the existence of numerical utility directly linked to the theoretical economic framework. We determined a numerical utility measure able to describe choices, which can serve as a correlate for the neuronal activity in the quest for brain structures and mechanisms guiding decisions.
The inadequate corpus luteum
Authors: Duncan W Colin 
Published: February 2021

The corpus luteum is the source of progesterone in the luteal phase of the cycle and the initial two-thirds of the first trimester of pregnancy. Normal luteal function is required for fertility and the maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone administration is increasingly used during fertility treatments and in early pregnancy to mitigate potentially inadequate corpus luteum function. This commentary considers the concept of the inadequate corpus luteum and the role and effects of exogenous progesterone. Progesterone supplementation does have important beneficial effects but we should be wary of therapeutic administration beyond or outside the evidence base.

Lay summary
After an egg is released a structure is formed on the ovary called a corpus luteum (CL). This produces a huge amount of a hormone called progesterone. Progesterone makes the womb ready for pregnancy but if a pregnancy does not happen the CL disappears after 12–14 days and this causes a period. If a pregnancy occurs, then the pregnancy hormone (hCG) keeps the CL alive and its progesterone supports the pregnancy for the next 6–8 weeks until the placenta takes over and the corpus luteum disappears. That means that if the CL is not working correctly there could be problems getting pregnant or staying pregnant. If a CL is not producing enough progesterone it usually means there is a problem with the growing or releasing of the egg and treatment should focus on these areas. In IVF cycles, where normal hormones are switched off, the CL does not produce quite enough progesterone before the pregnancy test and extra progesterone is needed at this time. In recurrent or threatened miscarriage, however, there is not any evidence that the CL is not working well or progesterone is low. However, there is benefit in taking extra progesterone if there is bleeding in early pregnancy in women with previous miscarriages. This might be because of the effects of high-dose progesterone on the womb or immune system. As changes to the hormone environment in pregnancy may have some life-long consequences for the offspring we have to be careful only to give extra progesterone when we are sure it is needed.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ У ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ ДЕРЖАВІ (1919–1925 рр.)
Authors: Людмила Дрогомирецька Олег Єгрешій 
Published: February 2021

У науковій статті автори намагаються визначити правовий статус Греко-католицької Церкви у Польській державі упродовж 1919–1925. Розкривається репресивна політика польських органів влади проти греко-католицького духовенства впродовж другої половини 1919 р. Вище духовенство ГКЦ рішу­че протестувало проти арештів священнослужителів. У статті зазначається, що репресії пояс­нюють­ся державницькою позицією значної частини священнослужителів. Більшість отців ГКЦ підтримали бойкот перепису населення 1921 р. і бойкот виборів до польського сенату і сейму 1922 р. у Галичині. Священики усвідомлювали, що ці заходи організовані задля узаконення польської прина­леж­ності Східної Галичини.
Відзначено, що спроба станиславівського єпископа Г. Хомишина нормалізувати польсько-українські відносини в Галичині шляхом переговорів між польськими і українськими ієрархами не була підтримана більшістю священнослужителів. У статті акцентовано увагу на негативній реакції поль­сь­ких урядових структур до дипломатичних зусиль митрополита Андрея Шептицького лобіювати україн­ські інтереси у окремих країнах Європи та Америки. Згадується, що польські власті прагнули забо­ронити А. Шептицькому повернутися до Галичини, домогтися від нього письмого визнання лояльного ставлення до польської держави. Розглядався варіант відкликання його з митрополичого престолу під приводом надання йому високої посади у Римі. Переслідування українського ієрарха викликало різко негативний резонанс серед загалу греко-католицького духівництва та вірних.
Відзначається, що Конкордат, підписаний 1925 р. закріпив правовий статус ГКЦ та нову мо­дель церковно-державних відносин у Другій Речі посполитій, яка мусила забезпечувати політичну лояль­ність ієрархії та духовенства відносно польської держави. Аналіз дотримання/недотримання греко-католицькими священиками умов Конкордату стане предметом подальших наукових досліджень колективом авторів.
Ключові слова: правовий статус, Греко-католицька Церква, Митрополит А. Шептицький, Кон­кордат, репресії духовенства.
ПЕРШІ КОНТАКТИ ПАНТЕЛЕЙМОНА КУЛІША З ГАЛИЧИНОЮ (1858–1865 рр.)
Authors: Райківський Ігор 
Published: February 2021

У статті висвітлюються контакти Пантелеймона Куліша з Галичиною, що охоплюють період від першого приїзду українського письменника і громадського діяча до Львова влітку 1858 р. і до переходу на державну службу наприкінці 1864 р. та появи останніх публікацій у часописах “ранніх” народовців на початку 1865 р. П. Куліш відіграв особливу роль в утвердженні української національної ідеї серед галичан, особливо в 1867 р. – на початку 1870-х рр., підтримував діяльність місцевих народовців. Значну увагу звернено на листування П. Куліша з Я. Головацьким після знайомства в 1858 р., його взаємини з ліде­ра­ми народовців Д. Танячкевичем і К. Климковичем, русофілом Б. Дідицьким та ін. Різножанрові твори П. Ку­ліша – як нові, так і раніше опубліковані, насамперед з альманаху “Кіевлянинъ” 1840 і 1841 рр. та пе­тербурзького журналу “Основа” (1861–1862 рр.) – регулярно друкувалися в народовській пресі у Львові – часописах “Вечерниці” (1862–1863 рр.), “Мета” (1863–1865 рр.) і “Нива” (1865 р.). Водночас П. Куліш друкувався в русофільських виданнях – газеті “Слово” і літературному збірнику “Галичанинъ”, що на початку 1860-х рр. проявляли інтерес до нової української літератури. Кулішеві зв’язки з галицькими діячами перервалися після його призначення російським чиновником у Варшаві в умовах посилення антиукраїнських репресій царизму та внутрішньої кризи в діяльності галицьких народовців. З новою силою інтерес П. Куліша до Галичини проявився з 1866 р.
Ключові слова: Пантелеймон Куліш, український діяч, Галичина, контакти, часопис, народовці, русофіли.