bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proteção estatal de pessoas traficadas e contrabandeadas à luz da segurança humana
Authors: Kelly Joyce 
Published: July 2021

O tráfico e o contrabando de pessoas são problemas globais que atingem várias dimensões da vida social. No cenário internacional, após a adoção da Convenção de Palermo em 2000, o tráfico e o contrabando de pessoas passaram a ser vistos pela comunidade internacional como problemas que fazem parte de um processo ligado essencialmente ao crime organizado internacional. Consequentemente, muitas vezes, devido à abordagem ser focada na segurança estatal, é dado mais ênfase à repreensão, deixando a proteção das vítimas em segundo plano. O presente artigo propõe uma discussão sobre o problema do tráfico e do contrabando pela ótica do indivíduo que é explorado. Para tanto, será utilizado o conceito de segurança humana, que fornece um quadro multidimensional que visa ampliar as ameaças a serem minimizadas pelo compromisso estatal com a dignidade e a liberdade do indivíduo. Metodologicamente, foi empregada uma revisão de literatura com o objetivo de identificar a discussão sobre tráfico dentro das Relações Internacionais. Além da literatura, exploraram-se documentos com o objetivo de apresentar evidências empíricas.Palavras-Chave: Tráfico. Contrabando. Migrantes. Estado. Segurança Humana.
“Pedagogia do evento”: o dia da consciência negra no contexto escolar
Authors: Oliveira Rosenilton Silva de , Nascimento Leticia Abilio 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre as ações pedagógicas realizadas no contexto da educação básica em torno do Dia da Consciência Negra, cuja comemoração foi inserida no calendário escolar por meio da lei 10639/2003. A partir do trabalho de campo realizado em duas escolas paulistas, empenhou-se em compreender como se dá a consecução dos projetos concernentes a temática das relações étnico-raciais. Conclui-se, por um lado, que ainda ocorre nas unidades escolares, dezesseis anos após a promulgação da referida lei, o que Rachel R. B. Bakke (2011) denominou como pedagogia do evento, isto é, uma ação pedagógica pontual sobre uma temática específica, sem integração com o currículo escolar. Por outro, a aproximação entre universidade e escola possibilita o desenvolvimento de ações pedagógicas mais eficazes na constituição de uma educação antirracista.
Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Surgical Release After Injection of Trigger Digits
Authors: Kang H. Paco , Vakhshori Venus , Mohty Kurt , Azad Ali , Lefebvre Rachel 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The mainstay of trigger finger treatment is a corticosteroid injection of the affected digits and is associated with a very high success rate. However, some patients do not respond to nonsurgical management and undergo subsequent surgical release. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comorbidities that predispose patients to progressing from injection to surgical release.

Methods:
Patient data were obtained from a national insurance database. All patients aged 20 years or older who underwent trigger digit injection were included. Any injection that did not specify the digit was excluded. Subsequent procedures, including repeat injection and surgical release, were identified using relevant Current Procedural Terminology codes. A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate potential risk factors for requiring release after prior injection of the same digit. Stepwise backward selection was used to retain significant variables.

Results:
A total of 42,537 trigger digits were identified in 31,830 patients, most of whom were female. The right hand was affected more commonly than the left. The middle and ring fingers were the most commonly affected digits. Over 80% of all trigger digits underwent only a single injection, and approximately 90% of injected digits did not require subsequent release. In the multivariate model, factors associated with higher risk of release were male sex, involvement of additional digits, multiple injections of the same digit, chronic pulmonary disease, HIV/AIDS, obesity, alcohol abuse, and depression. The model also found small fingers to be less likely to progress to release.

Discussion:
Patients with the risk factors identified in this study are more likely to progress to surgical release after trigger finger injection. Although prospective studies are required, the information may be beneficial in counseling patients and their treatment options.
Synthesis and Characterizations of High Carbon Ferrochrome (HCFC) Slag Based Geopolymer
Authors: Panigrahi Muktikanta , Mohanty Saralasrita , Indu Ganguly Ratan , Raman Dash Radha 
Published: July 2021

In the present Investigation, Geopolymer (GP) is made using High carbon Ferrochrome (HCFC) slag by synthesizing silicon and aluminum present in it with alkali liquid solution which binds other non-reactive materials present in the slag. The compressive strength of GP is found to be 11 MPa after 7-days of air curing. Increasing air curing time to 28-days, the strength is measured to be 15 MPa. XRD analyses indicate that there is gradual transformation of crystalline phases to non-crystalline glassy phases. SEM images show presence of more amount of glassy phase after air curing for a longer time. This is also corroborated with mechanical properties such as compressive strength. TGA results are also discussed for both uncured and cured GP samples. DSC isotherms indicate oozing out of inbuilt water present in the prepared GP materials which is an indication of condensation polymerization reaction occurring during the formation of Geopolymers.
Estressores e crença de autoeficácia em universitários negros
Authors: Correia-Zanini Marta Regina Gonçalves , Brito Adalberto Moretti , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio 
Published: July 2021

A literatura científica destaca que maiores níveis de autoeficácia estão associados a um desempenho acadêmico mais satisfatório. Entre as variáveis que podem afetar esse fenômeno, destaca-se que o preconceito racial sofrido por estudantes negros pode constituir-se como um fator estressor capaz de impactar na crença de autoeficácia no contexto universitário. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a percepção de estressores e a crença de autoeficácia de estudantes universitários autodeclarados negros e pardos. Trata-se de estudo survey descritivo, preditivo, comparativo e correlacional. Participaram 60 estudantes universitários com idade média de 23,1 anos, sendo 45 mulheres e 15 homens, autodeclarados pardos/negros. Por meio de uma coleta de dados online, foram empregados instrumentos para caracterização de rendimento acadêmico, de avaliação de autoeficácia em situações acadêmicas e de sintomas de estresse. A amostra enfrentou maior estresse no tocante às demandas acadêmicas em comparação com outros contextos. A crença de autoeficácia teve impacto significativo na percepção de estressores na maioria dos contextos. Outro estressor refere-se às relações com família e colegas. Diante disso, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de políticas institucionais que permitam ao aluno desenvolver suas potencialidades, especialmente sua crença de autoeficácia, buscando amenizar a percepção de estressores. Tais políticas devem dialogar diretamente com as possíveis necessidades trazidas pelos estudantes negros.
As implicações do Programa de Residência Pedagógica para formação docente: das narrativas à (re)elaboração do trabalho pedagógico no ensino da Educação Física
Authors: Carneiro Kleber Tüxen , Silva Bruno Adriano Rodrigues da , Reis Fábio Pinto Gonçalves dos 
Published: July 2021

O artigo cotejou as implicações do Programa Residência Pedagógica (desenvolvido no núcleo de Educação Física, sob os cuidados de uma instituição de educação superior federal), em relação à formação continuada e a organização do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido por três (3) docentes atuantes em escolas públicas, numa cidade sul mineira. Tratou-se de uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, sob um desenho narrativo. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, utilizou-se para a coleta de dados, entrevistas com base em questionário semiestruturado, com efeito, explorando o significado das ações desses docentes, a partir do teor narrativo que expuseram. Para erigir as categorias de análise, empregou-se a técnica de triangulação dos dados,observando, no primeiro processo interpretativo, a valorização fenomênica e a técnica dos dados primários, em seguida, num segundo movimento perscrutador, as informações foram contextualizadas, criticadas, comparadas e trianguladas. Por fim, na qualidade de última ação analítica, formulamos três categorias de análise, relacionando o conteúdo das entrevistas e a literatura pertinente. Os resultados evidenciaram que o programa fora auspicioso, em virtude de suas especificidades e de sua organização pedagógica, notadamente em relação à proposta de planificação dos conteúdos. De igual modo, demonstraram que os depoentes desfrutaram de formações distintas e encontravam-se em momentos díspares da carreira docente. Além disso, revelaram também que a formação continuada, proporcionada no interior do referido programa, suscitou interação (formativa) entre a educação básica e a superior, por efeito, pode-se rechaçar a dicotomia entre teoria e prática pedagógica, o que por sua vez afetou a disposição e o desdobramento do trabalho pedagógico realizado pelos pesquisados.
ITINERÁRIOS EXTENSIONISTAS
Authors: Anjos Filho Antonio Carlos dos , Santos Alfredo Balduíno , Caliari Fábio Manoel , Santos Vera Márcia Marques 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo aborda o itinerário pedagógico do Núcleo Extensionista Rondon da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - NER/UDESC, trazendo aspectos de compreensão epistemológica, considerando as escolhas por currículo que proporcione a integração entre sociedade e universidade, no qual o conhecimento e as demandas destes espaços dialoguem na perspectiva de acesso ao que se faz necessário à uma sociedade emancipada e emancipadora, como prática política, na qual as escolhas possam ser intencionalmente dirigidas ao bem comum.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Extensão Universitária. NER/UDESC. Imersão Social.
EXPERIÊNCIA DE UMA RONDONISTA SOBRE A LUZ DOS SABERES DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Mai Scheila 
Published: July 2021

Introdução: o Núcleo Extensionista Rondon – NER/UDESC, como uma das principais ações de Extensão da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), vem possibilitando o intercâmbio dos acadêmicos em diferentes áreas de conhecimento e a inserção da universidade em diversos cenários do estado de Santa Catarina e de outros estados da federação. Objetivo: relatar a contribuição do Rondon no processo formativo, de forma leve e baseada em um diálogo de descobertas dos referenciais teórico de Paulo Freire. Resultados: foram quatro Operações vivenciadas pelo Núcleo Extensionista Rondon – UDESC, três delas como acadêmica do curso de enfermagem do Centro Oeste Catarinense e uma dela compondo junto com um colega na coordenação da Operação. Na diversidade dos extensionistas dos diferentes núcleos do saber, desenvolvemos inúmeras atividades com diferentes indivíduos desde bebês, crianças, adolescentes, jovens, adultos até idosos. Na diversidade da comunidade, foi necessário adaptar as diferentes abordagens como para escolares, profissionais de saúde, profissionais da educação, servidores públicos, lideranças comunitárias, pessoas com necessidades especiais, pessoas em ambientes institucionalizados outras hospitalizadas, pessoas vivendo em locais de difícil acesso, entre outras. Foi necessário integrar os diferentes setores da sociedade como a educação, cultura, saúde, direitos humanos, justiça, comunicação, tecnologia, meio ambiente, trabalho e produção. As temáticas trabalhadas foram diversas de acordo com a necessidade do município e os conhecimentos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento que os acadêmicos tinham a oferecer. O Rondon proporciona a aproximação da academia com a sociedade, uma vivência de extensão na qual deveria ser oportuno à todos os acadêmicos vivenciar, pois nos aproxima do real e nos (trans) forma. Conclusão: acrescento em minha bagagem de experiências e aprendizados como rondonista, que todos devemos ser “sujeito da sua própria (trans)formação”, encontrar sentido para o que estamos fazendo e ser implicados com a realidade das comunidades, que não é estável que se movimenta e modifica.
Analysis and forecasts for trends of COVID-19 in Pakistan using Bayesian models
Authors: Feroze Navid , Abbas Kamran , Noor Farzana , Ali Amjad 
Published: July 2021

Background
COVID-19 is currently on full flow in Pakistan. Given the health facilities in the country, there are serious threats in the upcoming months which could be very testing for all the stakeholders. Therefore, there is a need to analyze and forecast the trends of COVID-19 in Pakistan.

Methods
We have analyzed and forecasted the patterns of this pandemic in the country, for next 30 days, using Bayesian structural time series models. The causal impacts of lifting lockdown have also been investigated using intervention analysis under Bayesian structural time series models. The forecasting accuracy of the proposed models has been compared with frequently used autoregressive integrated moving average models. The validity of the proposed model has been investigated using similar datasets from neighboring countries including Iran and India.

Results
We observed the improved forecasting accuracy of Bayesian structural time series models as compared to frequently used autoregressive integrated moving average models. As far as the forecasts are concerned, on August 10, 2020, the country is expected to have 333,308 positive cases with 95% prediction interval [275,034–391,077]. Similarly, the number of deaths in the country is expected to reach 7,187 [5,978–8,390] and recoveries may grow to 279,602 [208,420–295,740]. The lifting of lockdown has caused an absolute increase of 98,768 confirmed cases with 95% interval [85,544–111,018], during the post-lockdown period. The positive aspect of the forecasts is that the number of active cases is expected to decrease to 63,706 [18,614–95,337], on August 10, 2020. This is the time for the concerned authorities to further restrict the active cases so that the recession of the outbreak continues in the next month.
Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pereira-Neto Elisio A. , Lewthwaite Hayley , Boyle Terry , Johnston Kylie , Bennett Hunter , Williams Marie T. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Blood flow restricted exercise (BFRE) improves physical fitness, with theorized positive effects on vascular function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to report (1) the effects of BFRE on vascular function in adults with or without chronic health conditions, and (2) adverse events and adherence reported for BFRE.

Methodology
Five electronic databases were searched by two researchers independently to identify studies reporting vascular outcomes following BFRE in adults with and without chronic conditions. When sufficient data were provided, meta-analysis and exploratory meta-regression were performed.

Results
Twenty-six studies were included in the review (total participants n = 472; n = 41 older adults with chronic conditions). Meta-analysis (k = 9 studies) indicated that compared to exercise without blood flow restriction, resistance training with blood flow restriction resulted in significantly greater effects on endothelial function (SMD 0.76; 95% CI [0.36–1.14]). No significant differences were estimated for changes in vascular structure (SMD −0.24; 95% CI [−1.08 to 0.59]). In exploratory meta-regression analyses, several experimental protocol factors (design, exercise modality, exercised limbs, intervention length and number of sets per exercise) were significantly associated with the effect size for endothelial function outcomes. Adverse events in BFRE studies were rarely reported.

Conclusion
There is limited evidence, predominantly available in healthy young adults, on the effect of BFRE on vascular function. Signals pointing to effect of specific dynamic resistance exercise protocols with blood flow restriction (≥4 weeks with exercises for the upper and lower limbs) on endothelial function warrant further investigation.
On the importance of quality assurance (QA) for COMS eye plaque Silastic inserts: A guide to measurement methods, typical variations, and an example of how QA intercepted a manufacturing aberration
Authors: Oare Courtney C. , Deufel Christopher L. , McCauley Cutsinger Jordan , De La Fuente Herman Tania , Ferreira Clara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeEye plaques are widely used for ocular melanoma and provide an effective alternative to enucleation with adequate tumor control. A COMS plaque utilizes a Silastic insert for precise positioning of the radioactive seeds with respect to the scleral surface of the eye; however, due to manufacturing variability, the insert may unintentionally increase or decrease the distance between the sources and tumor. The purpose of this work is to provide guidance in measuring and identifying outliers in Silastic inserts. The importance of regular quality assurance (QA) is illustrated in an experience where a systematic problem was detected and the manufacturer's 22‐mm mold was corrected.MethodsA detailed description of the molds and manufacturing process used to produce Silastic inserts is provided, including photographs of the process steps. The variability in Silastic insert production was evaluated by measuring the thickness of 124 Silastic inserts. An estimate of how the observed Silastic thickness discrepancies impact the dose to the tumor and critical eye structures was performed using homogeneous dose calculations. A standard QA protocol was developed to guide the clinical user.ResultsThickness of the measured Silastic inserts ranged from 1.22 to 2.67 mm, demonstrating variation from the 2.25 mm standard. Six of the 22‐mm inserts were outliers (Δthickness >3 standard deviations) and were excluded from the statistics. The outliers were investigated with the help of the manufacturer, who discovered that a systematic error was accidentally introduced into the 22‐mm mold.ConclusionsDue to manufacturing errors or variability, the Silastic inserts used in COMS eye plaques may be thicker or thinner than the design standard. Such variations may impact tumor control or increase the risk of normal tissue side effects. A standardized QA program is recommended to detect variations and communicate unusual findings to the manufacturer.
A sensitivity analysis of probability maps in deep‐learning‐based anatomical segmentation
Authors: Bice Noah , Kirby Neil , Li Ruiqi , Nguyen Dan , Bahr Tyler , Kabat Christopher , Myers Pamela , Papanikolaou Niko , Fakhreddine Mohamad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeDeep‐learning‐based segmentation models implicitly learn to predict the presence of a structure based on its overall prominence in the training dataset. This phenomenon is observed and accounted for in deep‐learning applications such as natural language processing but is often neglected in segmentation literature. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the significance of class imbalance in deep‐learning‐based segmentation and recommend tuning of the neural network optimization objective.MethodsAn architecture and training procedure were chosen to represent common models in anatomical segmentation. A family of 5‐block 2D U‐Nets were independently trained to segment 10 structures from the Cancer Imaging Archive's Head‐Neck‐Radiomics‐HN1 dataset. We identify the optimal threshold for our models according to their Dice score on the validation datasets and consider perturbations about the optimum. A measure of structure prominence in segmentation datasets is defined, and its impact on the optimal threshold is analyzed. Finally, we consider the use of a 2D Dice objective in addition to binary cross entropy.ResultsWe observe significant decreases in perceived model performance with conventional 0.5‐thresholding. Perturbations of as little as ±0.05 about the optimum threshold induce a median reduction in Dice score of 11.8% for our models. There is statistical evidence to suggest a weak correlation between training dataset prominence and optimal threshold (Pearson and ). We find that network optimization with respect to the 2D Dice score itself significantly reduces variability due to thresholding but does not unequivocally create the best segmentation models when assessed with distance‐based segmentation metrics.ConclusionOur results suggest that those practicing deep‐learning‐based contouring should consider their postprocessing procedures as a potential avenue for improved performance. For intensity‐based postprocessing, we recommend a mixed objective function consisting of the traditional binary cross entropy along with the 2D Dice score.
Knowledge‐based radiation treatment planning: A data‐driven method survey
Authors: Momin Shadab , Fu Yabo , Lei Yang , Roper Justin , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys the data‐driven dose prediction methods investigated for knowledge‐based planning (KBP) in the last decade. These methods were classified into two major categories—traditional KBP methods and deep‐learning (DL) methods—according to their techniques of utilizing previous knowledge. Traditional KBP methods include studies that require geometric or anatomical features to either find the best‐matched case(s) from a repository of prior treatment plans or to build dose prediction models. DL methods include studies that train neural networks to make dose predictions. A comprehensive review of each category is presented, highlighting key features, methods, and their advancements over the years. We separated the cited works according to the framework and cancer site in each category. Finally, we briefly discuss the performance of both traditional KBP methods and DL methods, then discuss future trends of both data‐driven KBP methods to dose prediction.
Clinical assessment of geometric distortion for a 0.35T MR‐guided radiotherapy system
Authors: Neylon John , Cook Kiri A. , Yang Yingli , Du Dongsu , Sheng Ke , Chin Robert K. , Kishan Amar U. , Lamb James M. , Low Daniel A. , Cao Minsong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the overall spatial distortion on clinical patient images for a 0.35 T MR‐guided radiotherapy system.MethodsTen patients with head‐and‐neck cancer underwent CT and MR simulations with identical immobilization. The MR images underwent the standard systematic distortion correction post‐processing. The images were rigidly registered and landmark‐based analysis was performed by an anatomical expert. Distortion was quantified using Euclidean distance between each landmark pair and tagged by tissue interface: bone‐tissue, soft tissue, or air‐tissue. For baseline comparisons, an anthropomorphic phantom was imaged and analyzed.ResultsThe average spatial discrepancy between CT and MR landmarks was 1.15 ± 1.14 mm for the phantom and 1.46 ± 1.78 mm for patients. The error histogram peaked at 0–1 mm. 66% of the discrepancies were <2 mm and 51% <1 mm. In the patient data, statistically significant differences (p‐values < 0.0001) were found between the different tissue interfaces with averages of 0.88 ± 1.24 mm, 2.01 ± 2.20 mm, and 1.41 ± 1.56 mm for the air/tissue, bone/tissue, and soft tissue, respectively. The distortion generally correlated with the in‐plane radial distance from the image center along the longitudinal axis of the MR.ConclusionSpatial distortion remains in the MR images after systematic distortion corrections. Although the average errors were relatively small, large distortions observed at bone/tissue interfaces emphasize the need for quantitative methods for assessing and correcting patient‐specific spatial distortions.