bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: a cluster-randomized trial in Rwanda
Authors: Jensen Sarah KG , Placencio-Castro Matias , Murray Shauna M , Brennan Robert T , Goshev Simo , Farrar Jordan , Yousafzai Aisha , Rawlings Laura B , Wilson Briana , Habyarimana Emmanuel , Sezibera Vincent , Betancourt Theresa S 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionFamilies living in extreme poverty require interventions to support early-childhood development (ECD) due to broad risks. This longitudinal cluster randomised trial examines the effectiveness of Sugira Muryango (SM), a home-visiting intervention linked to Rwanda’s social protection system to promote ECD and reduce violence compared with usual care (UC).MethodsFamilies with children aged 6–36 months were recruited in 284 geographical clusters across three districts. Cluster-level randomisation (allocated 1:1 SM:UC) was used to prevent diffusion. SM was hypothesised to improve child development, reduce violence and increase father engagement. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) and the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT) and anthropometric assessments of growth. Violence was assessed using questions from UNICEF Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) and Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Father engagement was assessed using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. Blinded enumerators conducted interviews and developmental assessments.ResultsA total of 541 SM families and 508 UC families were enrolled and included in the analyses. Study attrition (2.0% children; 9.6% caregivers) was addressed by hot deck imputation. Children in SM families improved more on gross motor (d=0.162, 95% CI 0.065 to 0.260), communication (d=0.081, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.156), problem solving (d=0.101, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.179) and personal-social development (d=0.096, 95% CI −0.015 to 0.177) on the ASQ-3. SM families showed increased father engagement (OR=1.592, 95% CI 1.069 to 2.368), decreased harsh discipline (incidence rate ratio, IRR=0.741, 95% CI 0.657 to 0.835) and intimate partner violence (IRR=0.616, 95% CI:0.458 to 0.828). There were no intervention-related improvements on MDAT or child growth.ConclusionSocial protection programmes provide a means to deliver ECD intervention.Trial registration numberNCT02510313.
Obesity-associated deficits in inhibitory control are phenocopied to mice through gut microbiota changes in one-carbon and aromatic amino acids metabolic pathways
Authors: Arnoriaga-Rodríguez María , Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Contreras-Rodríguez Oren , Burokas Aurelijus , Ortega-Sanchez Juan-Antonio , Blasco Gerard , Coll Claudia , Biarnés Carles , Castells-Nobau Anna , Puig Josep , Garre-Olmo Josep , Ramos Rafel , Pedraza Salvador , Brugada Ramon , Vilanova Joan C , Serena Joaquín , Barretina Jordi , Gich Jordi , Pérez-Brocal Vicente , Moya Andrés , Fernández-Real Xavier , Ramio-Torrentà Lluis , Pamplona Reinald , Sol Joaquim , Jové Mariona , Ricart Wifredo , Portero-Otin Manuel , Maldonado Rafael , Fernández-Real Jose Manuel 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundInhibitory control (IC) is critical to keep long-term goals in everyday life. Bidirectional relationships between IC deficits and obesity are behind unhealthy eating and physical exercise habits.MethodsWe studied gut microbiome composition and functionality, and plasma and faecal metabolomics in association with cognitive tests evaluating inhibitory control (Stroop test) and brain structure in a discovery (n=156), both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and in an independent replication cohort (n=970). Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in mice evaluated the impact on reversal learning and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) transcriptomics.ResultsAn interplay among IC, brain structure (in humans) and mPFC transcriptomics (in mice), plasma/faecal metabolomics and the gut metagenome was found. Obesity-dependent alterations in one-carbon metabolism, tryptophan and histidine pathways were associated with IC in the two independent cohorts. Bacterial functions linked to one-carbon metabolism (thyX,dut, exodeoxyribonuclease V), and the anterior cingulate cortex volume were associated with IC, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. FMT from individuals with obesity led to alterations in mice reversal learning. In an independent FMT experiment, human donor’s bacterial functions related to IC deficits were associated with mPFC expression of one-carbon metabolism-related genes of recipient’s mice.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of targeting obesity-related impulsive behaviour through the induction of gut microbiota shifts.
Performance evaluation of the Biocartis Idylla EGFR Mutation Test using pre-extracted DNA from a cohort of highly characterised mutation positive samples
Authors: Grant Jack , Stanley Anne , Balbi Kevin , Gerrard Gareth , Bennett Philip 
Published: January 2021

AimsTargeted therapies for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) rely on the detection of specific genomic lesions, such as mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. The Biocartis Idylla platform and single-use EGFR mutation test cartridge is CE-IVD for use with formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour material, but can also function off-scope using extracted DNA as input material. This can expand the utility of the platform and potentially conserve valuable tissue.MethodsWe sought to evaluate the performance of this system to detect knownEGFRmutations using extracted DNA at different input levels. 130 next generation sequencing-characterised NSCLC cases possessingEGFRmutations that were theoretically detectable by the Idylla system were selected. Replicate analyses were performed using the Idylla EGFR test with up to three different DNA input levels (20 ng, 50 ng and 250 ng).ResultsConsidering only variants within the test manufacturer’s specified scope, the Idylla EGFR test generated concordant findings for 90.77% of cases at 20 ng DNA input, 98.46% at 50 ng input and 100% at 250 ng input. Analyses with discordant findings all generated control quantification cycle (CQ) values greater than 23. Very low CQ values were associated with EGFR gene amplification.ConclusionsThe Idylla EGFR Mutation Test can be used at least as well with pre-extracted DNA than with direct FFPE input. In cases with control CQ >23, reanalysis with an increased DNA input should ideally be undertaken. If this is not possible, the risk of false negative calls may be mitigated by manual review of the quantitative PCR data and/or by reflexing to alternative analysis options.
Diagnostic approach in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional international survey
Authors: Akgul Mahmut , Williamson Sean R , Ertoy Dilek , Argani Pedram , Gupta Sounak , Caliò Anna , Reuter Victor , Tickoo Satish , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat A , Netto George J , Hes Ondrej , Hirsch Michelle S , Delahunt Brett , Mehra Rohit , Skala Stephanie , Osunkoya Adeboye O , Harik Lara , Rao Priya , Sangoi Ankur R , Nourieh Maya , Zynger Debra L , Smith Steven Cristopher , Nazeer Tipu , Gumuskaya Berrak , Kulac Ibrahim , Khani Francesca , Tretiakova Maria S , Vakar-Lopez Funda , Barkan Guliz , Molinié Vincent , Verkarre Virginie , Rao Qiu , Kis Lorand , Panizo Angel , Farzaneh Ted , Magers Martin J , Sanfrancesco Joseph , Perrino Carmen , Gondim Dibson , Araneta Ronald , So Jeffrey S , Ro Jae Y , Wasco Matthew , Hameed Omar , Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Samaratunga Hemamali , Wobker Sara E , Melamed Jonathan , Cheng Liang , Idrees Muhammad T 
Published: January 2021

Transcription factor E3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) has heterogenous morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features.131 pathologists with genitourinary expertise were invited in an online survey containing 23 questions assessing their experience on TFE3-RCC diagnostic work-up.Fifty (38%) participants completed the survey. 46 of 50 participants reported multiple patterns, most commonly papillary pattern (almost always 9/46, 19.5%; frequently 29/46, 63%). Large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm were the most encountered cytologic feature, with either clear (almost always 10/50, 20%; frequently 34/50, 68%) or eosinophilic (almost always 4/49, 8%; frequently 28/49, 57%) cytology. Strong (3+) or diffuse (>75% of tumour cells) nuclear TFE3 IHC expression was considered diagnostic by 13/46 (28%) and 12/47 (26%) participants, respectively. Main TFE3 IHC issues were the low specificity (16/42, 38%), unreliable staining performance (15/42, 36%) and background staining (12/42, 29%). Most preferred IHC assays other than TFE3, cathepsin K and pancytokeratin were melan A (44/50, 88%), HMB45 (43/50, 86%), carbonic anhydrase IX (41/50, 82%) and CK7 (32/50, 64%). Cut-off for positiveTFE3fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was preferably 10% (9/50, 18%), although significant variation in cut-off values was present. 23/48 (48%) participants requiredTFE3FISH testing to confirm TFE3-RCC regardless of the histomorphologic and IHC assessment. 28/50 (56%) participants would request additional molecular studies other than FISH assay in selected cases, whereas 3/50 participants use additional molecular cases in all cases when TFE3-RCC is in the differential.Optimal diagnostic approach on TFE3-RCC is impacted by IHC and/or FISH assay preferences as well as their conflicting interpretation methods.
Adverse social behaviour at the workplace and subsequent physician certified sick leave: a three-wave prospective study of the general working population in Norway
Authors: Sterud Tom , Degerud Eirik , Skare Øivind , Hanvold Therese N , Christensen Jan Olav 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to provide an integrated picture of the relationship between different facets of adverse social behaviour (ASB) at the workplace and sick leave.MethodsData from a randomly drawn prospective cohort of the general working population. Eligible respondents were interviewed in 2009, 2013 or 2016, and were registered with an employee relationship of at least 50 working days in the national register the year following the survey interviews (n=21 674 observations/13 470 respondents). We investigated the prospective associations of self-reported exposure to ASB, including threats/acts of violence, bullying and sexual harassment, with physician-certified sick leave of 1–16 days (ie, low level of sick leave (LLSL)) and >16 days (ie, high level of sick leave (HLSL)) by means of mixed effects logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of sick leave was 18.4% (n=3986 observations) for LLSL and 16.1% (n=3492 observations) for HLSL. The different facets of ASB were independently associated with higher odds of sick leave, with stronger associations for HLSL than for LLSL. Adjusted for sex, age, education level, occupation, previous sickness absence level, OR (95% CI) for HLSL was 1.97 (1.61 to 2.35) for threats/acts of violence, 1.97 (1.53 to 2.54) for bullying and 1.41 (1.10 to 1.79) for sexual harassment. The population risks of LLSL and HLSL attributable to ASB were 5.27 (95% CI 1.85 to 8.81) and 8.27% (95% CI 4.01 to 12.48), respectively.ConclusionsThreats/acts of violence, bullying and sexual harassment were all independent predictors of sick leave, with threats/acts of violence appearing as the single most important factor.
Improving our understanding of the disproportionate incidence of STIs in heterosexual-identifying people of black Caribbean heritage: findings from a longitudinal study of sexual health clinic attendees in England
Authors: Bardsley Megan , Wayal Sonali , Blomquist Paula , Mohammed Hamish , Mercer Catherine H , Hughes Gwenda 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveIn England, people of black minority ethnicities are at elevated risk of STI diagnosis, especially those of black Caribbean (BC) heritage. Understanding the factors that predict STI acquisition in this population is key to inform prevention measures. We examined the differences in predictors of incident STI diagnoses across ethnic groups in people attending sexual health clinics (SHCs).MethodsResponses from an attitudinal and behavioural survey run in 16 English SHCs (May–September 2016) were linked to routinely collected national surveillance data on bacterial STI or trichomoniasis diagnoses. Cox proportional hazards models investigated the relationship between participant characteristics and rate of incident STI in the 18 months after survey completion for all heterosexual participants (N=2940) and separately for heterosexual BC (N=484) and white British/Irish (WBI, N=1052) participants.ResultsWe observed an overall STI incidence of 5.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI 5.1 to 6.5). STI incidence was higher in participants of BC ethnicity (BC, 12.1 per 100 person-years, 95% CI 9.7 to 15.1; WBI, 3.2 per 100 person-years, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.2), even in adjusted analysis (BC adjusted HR (aHR), 2.60, p<0.001, compared with WBI). In models stratified by ethnicity, having had two or more previous STI episodes in the past year was the strongest predictor of incident STI for both BC (aHR 5.81, p<0.001, compared with no previous episodes) and WBI (aHR 29.9, p<0.001) participants. Aside from younger age (aHR 0.96 for increasing age in years, p=0.04), we found no unique predictors of incident STI for BC participants.ConclusionsIncident STI diagnoses among SHC attendees in England were considerably higher in study participants of BC ethnicity, but we found no unique clinical, attitudinal or behavioural predictors explaining the disproportionate risk. STI prevention efforts for people of BC ethnicity should be intensified and should include tailored public health messaging to address sexual health inequalities in this underserved population.
Total phenol, flavonoid, and individual phenolic acid contents and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts fromFicus cordatassp.salicifolia
Authors: Alzahrani Fatima Omari , Ahmed Abdelazim Ali , Al-Robai Sami Asir , Mohamed Haidar Abdalgadir , Abdallah Mohamed E. , Abdalla Ashraf N. 
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the total phenol, flavonoid, and individual phenolic acid contents and the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts from Ficus cordata ssp. salicifolia. Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used for chemical analyses, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic activity was assessed against MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), A2780 (human ovary adenocarcinoma), HT29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), and MRC5 (normal human fetal lung fibroblast) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The total content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the studied dry leaf, stem bark, twig, and fruit extracts were between 13.14 and 22.94 mg·GAE g−1dry weight, 8.03 and 12.72 mg·QE g−1dry weight, and 75.59% and 83.96%, respectively. Ten individual phenolic acids were quantified in the studied plant parts. The prominent phenolic acid was p-hydroxybenzoic acid, followed by vanillic acid. Methanolic fruit extracts exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against MCF7 (IC50: 21.11 μg·mL−1). Additionally, A2780 cell lines responded very well to all the extracts, with an IC50from 8.16 to 13.72 μg·mL−1, except for the fruit extract, which was 47.39 μg·mL−1. The leaf extract showed significant cytotoxicity against HT29 cell lines, with an IC50of 8.81 μg·mL−1. All extracts showed IC50values ranging from 24.68 to 56.15 μg·mL−1on normal cells. Further examination of the plant parts in this study could identify compounds accounting for the observed antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and might represent potential novel anticancer drugs.
SmFLS negatively regulates peel coloring of eggplant (Solanum melongena) under high temperature
Authors: Lv Ling Ling , Li Li Yun , Li Wei , Li Ke 
Published: January 2021

The SmFLS gene was cloned from eggplant and has an ORF of 1014 bp encoding 337 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence of SmFLS was 88.07% and 84.94% identical to homologs encoded by StFLS in Solanum tuberosum and SlFLS in S. lycopersicum, respectively. SmFLS contains typical DIOX_N and 2OG-Fe (II)_Oxy functional domains, as well as five strictly conserved amino acid residues (H223, D225, H279, R289, and S291) related to FLS enzyme activity. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SmFLS had the closest genetic relationship with the FLS genes in potato and tomato. At a high temperature of 35 °C, the expression level of SmFLS was higher than that of the control in the same period, and it reached extremely significant levels on 15DAF and 20DAF, at which the eggplant peel color became lighter accordingly. Upon overexpression of SmFLS in eggplant, the flavonol content of transformed plants was significantly higher than that of untransformed plants, and the peel color was lighter than that of the control. The results indicate that SmFLS negatively regulates eggplant peel coloration under high temperature.
Static properties of skyrmions and nucleons at finite isospin chemical potential
Authors: Yuan Wen-Li , Zhao Ya-Peng , Wu Zu-Qing , Zong Hong-Shi 
Published: January 2021

We use the Skyrme Lagrangian with a finite pion mass term to study the stability of the skyrmion at finite isospin chemical potential [Formula: see text]. It is found that there is a critical value [Formula: see text] MeV, and there is no stable solution above the [Formula: see text]. We also explore the behavior of different skyrmion parameters as a function of [Formula: see text], in particular the isovector electric root-mean-square (rms) charge radius in this work. Then, using the Hamiltonian formulation, in terms of collective variables, we study the behavior of nucleons mass splitting at finite isospin chemical potential. We find the proton mass decreases and the neutron mass increases when [Formula: see text]. Finally, we also discuss the magnetic moments and the pion-nucleon sigma term [Formula: see text] as a function of isospin chemical potential for interest.
Large Amplitude Free Vibration Analysis of Isotropic Curved Nano/Microbeams Using a Nonlocal Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Theory-Based Finite Element Method
Authors: Prateek G. , Sarthak De , Vasudevan R. , Haboussi M. , Ganapathi M. 
Published: January 2021

In this investigation, the nonlinear flexural free vibration characteristics of size dependent curved isotropic nano/microbeams are studied using the nonlocal elasticity theory along with the sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). Based on Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations are derived in terms of generalized displacements using finite element approach. The formulation by extending the von-Karman model accounts for both large deflections and rotations in the strain displacement definition. Direct iterative procedure is used to solve the nonlinear problem through eigenvalue procedure. This investigation aims to study the effect of various design parameters like slenderness ratio of the beam, curved beam included angle, nonlocal parameter, and boundary conditions on the amplitude–frequency response obtained from the free vibration behavior of curved nano/microbeams. This study is very useful to designers for optimal design of nano/microsystem involving structural elements of the beam type.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon Co-Zn-MOF-C: Magnetic Recovery and Efficient Adsorption Performance
Authors: Lin Xiaoying , Zhong Qinhua , Zeng Weipeng , Lin Songye , Gong Linzhu , Liu Minyi , Liu Yamin 
Published: January 2021

Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant attention as precursors for magnetic nanoporous carbon material. However, the preparation of MOF-derived carbon with high specific surface area is very limited. In this work, magnetically recoverable nanoporous carbon materials (Co-Zn-MOF-C) were synthesized using Co/Zn-MOF as the starting precursor. Physicochemical properties of Co-Zn-MOF-C materials were well characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET) and EDS. Co-Zn-MOF-C has a high specific surface area up to 1093.74[Formula: see text]m2/g and saturation magnetization of 7.71 emu/g. Besides, the adsorption capacity of methylene blue dye could reach 780[Formula: see text]mg/g, the adsorption processes agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.
Preventing Another Korean War: A Case Study of Crisis Management from the Perspective of Readiness Theory
Authors: Schiff Amira 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study explores the relevance of readiness theory’s analytical framework in illuminating the fundamentals that contribute to the de-escalation process in international crises. By applying this analytical framework to the U.S.-North Korea crisis management episode of 2017–2018, this study elucidates the interplay of elements that led to the winding down of the intense crisis and to the parties’ agreement to formally embark on negotiations at the end of the Singapore Summit in June 2018. The study shows how the multiple variables underlying the movements in conflict transformation, as outlined by readiness theory, can help to explain the effect of bilateral strategies applied by the U.S. and North Korea and the role of third-party involvement by South Korea and China in managing the crisis.
The Meaning of Diplomacy
Authors: Hart Dan , Siniver Asaf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article draws on interviews with 198 state ambassadors and applies an interpretivist lens to provide a more nuanced conceptualization of diplomacy. In doing so, we seek to project a closer fit between scholarly definitions of the term and how diplomacy is understood by practitioners. We contribute to the literature by proposing a more refined understanding of the term, presented here as five distinct (though not mutually exclusive) ‘meanings’ of diplomacy: (1) The actors taking part in modern diplomacy; (2) the objectives of diplomacy; (3) the mechanisms of diplomacy; (4) diplomacy as a skill; and (5) diplomacy as a profession. We find that drawing on the full range of the diplomatic experience is particularly important given the growing challenges to negotiation as the primary agency of diplomacy.
Jugular Bulb Anomalies Involving the Internal Auditory Canal: A Case Series
Authors: Hwa Tiffany P. , Husain Qasim , Brant Jason A. , K. Lalwani Anil 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Jugular bulb abnormalities (JBA) such as high riding jugular bulb and jugular bulb diverticulum can extend or erode into the middle and inner ear. In this report, we report on a series of 6 patients with jugular bulb anomalies involving the internal auditory canal (IAC). Methods: A retrospective case series. Results: Six females, ages 6 to 63 presenting with myriad of otologic symptoms including hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disturbance, fullness, and otalgia were discovered to have JB eroding into IAC. Computerized tomography, but not Magnetic Resonance Imaging, was able to identify IAC erosion by a significantly enlarged JB. Conclusion: A significantly enlarged JB eroding into the IAC maybe congenital or acquired. It can present with a variety of common otologic symptoms. Long term follow-up is needed to determine the natural history of JB anomalies involving the IAC and need for intervention.