bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phylogeographic history of a range disjunction in eastern North America: the role of post‐glacial expansion into newly suitable habitat
Authors: Mohn Rebekah A. , Oleas Nora H. , Smith Adam B. , Swift Joel F. , Yatskievych George A. , Edwards Christine E. 
Published: June 2021

PREMISEA disjunct distribution, where a species’ geographic range is discontinuous, can occur through vicariance or long‐distance dispersal. Approximately 75 North American plant species exhibit a ~650 km disjunction between the Ozark and Appalachian regions. This disjunction is attributed to biogeographic forces including: (1) Eocene–Oligocene vicariance by the formation of the Mississippi embayment; (2) Pleistocene vicariance from interglacial flooding; (3) post‐Pleistocene northward colonization from separate glacial refugia; (4) Hypsithermal vicariance due to climate fluctuations; and (5) recent long‐distance dispersal. We investigated which of these pathways most likely gave rise to the Appalachian‐Ozark disjunction in Delphinium exaltatum.METHODSWe genotyped populations of D. exaltatum from five Ozark and seven Appalachian localities, analyzed genetic structure, tested the order and timing of divergences using DIYABC, and conducted niche reconstructions up to 21,000 years before present (YBP).RESULTSPopulations fell into five main genetic clusters, i.e., a group in the central Appalachians, and four “lowland” groups. DIYABC analyses showed the central Appalachian and lowland lineages diverging 11,300 to17,000 YBP, and the lowland groups diverging 6800 to 10,900 YBP. Niche reconstructions showed that suitable climate for the central Appalachian lineage experienced large spatial discontinuity starting 14,000 YBP, such that divergence and persistence before this period is less plausible than divergence thereafter.CONCLUSIONSOur results did not fully support any of the original hypotheses. Rather, the oldest divergence likely occurred after 13,500 YBP through expansion into newly opened habitat in the Appalachians. The Appalachian‐Ozark disjunction likely resulted from northward dispersal of the lowland lineage as climate warmed during the Holocene.
Development of the Japanese version of the Intensive Care Unit Trigger Tool to detect adverse events in critically ill patients
Authors: Aikawa Gen , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Ouchi Akira , Ono Chiemi , Hoshino Tetsuya , Kido Takahiro , Inoue Yoshiaki , Asano Yoshihiro , Hidaka Kikue 
Published: June 2021

AimThe Intensive Care Unit Trigger Tool (ICUTT) was developed to detect adverse events (AEs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the ICUTT (ICUTT‐J).MethodsThe translation of ICUTT was carried out based on the guideline for translation of instruments. Subsequently, two review teams independently reviewed 50 patients' medical records using the ICUTT‐J, and agreement regarding the presence and number of AEs was evaluated to ensure reliability.ResultsThe ICUTT‐J was submitted to the authors of the original ICUTT, who confirmed it as being equivalent to the original version. The item‐content validity index and scale‐content validity index were 1.00 and 1.00, respectively. Interrater reliability showed moderate agreement of κ = 0.52 in terms of the presence of AEs and linear weighting of κ = 0.49 (95% confidence interval, 0.28, 0.71) in terms of the number of AEs.ConclusionThis study's findings suggest that the ICUTT‐J is valid and moderately reliable for use in ICUs.
3D‐Positioning of Nanoparticles in High‐Curvature Block Copolymer Domains
Authors: Leffler Vanessa B. , Ehlert Sascha , Förster Beate , Dulle Martin , Förster Stephan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe defined assembly of nanoparticles in polymer matrices is an important precondition for next‐generation functional materials. Here we demonstrate that a defined three‐dimensional nanoparticle assembly within the unit cells can be realized by directly linking the nanoparticles to block copolymers. We show that for a range of nearly symmetric to unsymmetric block copolymers there are only two formed structures, a hexagonal lattice ofP6/mmm‐symmetry, where the nanoparticles are located in 1D‐arrays within the cylindrical domains, and a cubic lattice of Im3m‐symmetry, where the nanoparticles are located in the octahedral voids of a BCC‐lattice, corresponding to the structure of ferrite steel. We observe the block length ratio and thus the interfacial curvature to be the most important parameter determining the lattice type. This is rationalized in terms of minimal chain extension such that domain topologies with large positive curvature are highly preferred. Already volume fractions of only one percent are sufficient to destabilize a lamellar structure and favor the formation of highly curved interfaces. The study thus demonstrates how nanoparticles can be located on well‐defined positions in three‐dimensional unit cells of block copolymer nanocomposites. This opens the way to functional 3D‐nanocomposites where the nanoparticles need to be located on defined matrix positions.
An Adjacent Atomic Platinum Site Enables Single‐Atom Iron with High Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance
Authors: Han Ali , Wang Xijun , Tang Kun , Zhang Zedong , Ye Chenliang , Kong Kejian , Hu Haibo , Zheng Lirong , Jiang Peng , Zhao Changxin , Zhang Qiang , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe modulation effect has been widely investigated to tune the electronic state of single‐atomic M‐N‐C catalysts to enhance the activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the in‐depth study of modulation effect is rarely reported for the isolated dual‐atomic metal sites. Now, the catalytic activities of Fe‐N4 moiety can be enhanced by the adjacent Pt‐N4 moiety through the modulation effect, in which the Pt‐N4 acts as the modulator to tune the 3d electronic orbitals of Fe‐N4 active site and optimize ORR activity. Inspired by this principle, we design and synthesize the electrocatalyst that comprises isolated Fe‐N4/Pt‐N4 moieties dispersed in the nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (Fe‐N4/Pt‐N4@NC) and exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.93 V vs. RHE and negligible activity degradation (ΔE1/2=8 mV) after 10000 cycles in 0.1 M KOH. We also demonstrate that the modulation effect is not effective for optimizing the ORR performances of Co‐N4/Pt‐N4 and Mn‐N4/Pt‐N4 systems.
Benzo‐fused Tri[8]annulenes as Molecular Models of Cubic Graphite
Authors: Ejlli Barbara , Nußbaum Pascal , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Müllen Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCyclotrimerization of 9,10‐dibromo‐9,10‐dihydrodibenzo[3,4:7,8]cycloocta[1,2‐l]phenanthrene with potassium tert‐butoxide in the presence of a transition‐metal catalyst afforded two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon stereoisomers consisting of three cyclooctatetraene (COT) moieties connected via a central benzene ring. Both isomeric tri[8]annulenes were obtained selectively through the choice of the catalyst: The α,α,α‐form (Ru catalyst) displayed a threefold symmetrywith the COT subunits forming the side walls of a (chiral) molecular cup. In the thermodynamically more stable α,α,β‐isomer (Pd catalyst), one of the three boat‐shaped COTs was flipped over and faced the opposite molecular hemisphere with respect to the central benzene ring as evidenced by crystal structure analysis. Both title compounds are small segments of “cubic graphite”, an elusive carbon allotrope.
Cycloisomerization of Carbamoyl Chlorides in Hexafluoroisopropanol: Stereoselective Synthesis of Chlorinated Methylene Oxindoles and Quinolinones
Authors: Rodríguez José F. , Zhang Anji , Bajohr Jonathan , Whyte Andrew , Mirabi Bijan , Lautens Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was employed as an additive for the generation of 3‐(chloromethylene)oxindoles via the chloroacylation of alkyne‐tethered carbamoyl chlorides. This reaction avoids the use of a metal catalyst and accesses products in high yields and stereoselectivities. Additionally, this reaction is scalable and proved amenable to a series of product derivatizations, including the synthesis of nintedanib. The reactivity of alkene‐tethered carbamoyl chlorides with hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was harnessed towards the synthesis of 2‐quinolinones.
Switching from Single to Simultaneous Free‐Radical and Anionic Polymerization with Enamine‐Based Organic Electron Donors
Authors: Zhao Yuxi , Rollet Marion , Charles Laurence , Canard Gabriel , Gigmes Didier , Vanelle Patrice , Broggi Julie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough most monomers can polymerize through different propagation pathways, polymerization‐initiating systems that can switch from one mode to another are rare. In this study, we demonstrate that enamine‐based organic electron donors (OEDs) constitute the first systems able to initiate either free‐radical or anionic polymerization under simple, mild, and safe conditions. While direct electron‐transfer reduction of monomers by OEDs results in the initiation of anionic chain‐growth polymerization, introduction of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential than the monomer switches the former anionic propagation to a clean radical‐propagation process. The benefit of this dual‐mode activator is highlighted in the synthesis of an interpenetrating polymer network through simultaneous initiation of radical and anionic propagation processes.
Pushing the limits of time beyond the Big Bang singularity: The branch cut universe
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Hess Peter O. , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Bodmann Benno , Razeira Moisés , Volkmer Guilherme L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we follow a previously developed theoretical approach, based on the tools of the singular semi‐Riemannian geometry, to push the limits of time beyond the primordial spacetime singularity. By complexifying the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric and Friedmann's equations, we model a branch cut universe, in which the cosmic FLRW metric scale factor is analytically continued to the complex plane, and becomes equivalent from a conceptual point of view of describing a hypothetical general metric of maximally symmetric and homogeneous superposed multiple universes.
Roles of adenosine A1 receptors in the regulation of SFK activity in the rat forebrain
Authors: Mao Li‐Min , Wang John Q. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdenosine A1 receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian brain. Through interacting with Gαi/o‐coupled A1 receptors, the neuromodulator adenosine modulates a variety of cellular and synaptic activities. To determine the linkage from A1 receptors to a key intracellular signaling pathway, we investigated the impact of blocking A1 receptors on a subfamily of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, that is, the Src family kinase (SFK), in different rat brain regions in vivo. We found that pharmacological blockade of A1 receptors by a single systemic injection of the A1 selective antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) induced an increase in autophosphorylation of SFKs at a consensus activation site, tyrosine 416 (Y416), in the two subdivisions of the striatum, the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. DPCPX also increased SFK Y416 phosphorylation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but not the hippocampus. The DPCPX‐induced Y416 phosphorylation was time dependent and reversible. In immunopurified Fyn and Src proteins from the striatum, DPCPX elevated SFK Y416 phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity in Fyn but not in Src proteins. In the mPFC, DPCPX enhanced Y416 phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity in both Fyn and Src immunoprecipitates. DPCPX had no effect on expression of total Fyn and Src proteins in the striatum, mPFC, and hippocampus. These results demonstrate a tonic inhibitory linkage from A1 receptors to SFKs in the striatum and mPFC. Blocking this inhibitory tone could significantly enhance constitutive SFK Y416 phosphorylation in the rat brain in a region‐ and time‐dependent manner.
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy may be associated with reduced switched memory B cells and del (16) (p11.2p12)
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Hirayama Masahiro , Yamada Yasuharu , Azuma Eiichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy may be associated with chromosome del (16)(p11.2) that has reportedly been associated with other forms of primary immunodeficiency (Clin Immunol, 2009, 131, 24; J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2015;135, 1569).
Transient disappearance of CD19+/CD5+ B‐lymphocyte clone in peripheral blood in a patient with CLL during SARS‐CoV‐2‐related mild disease
Authors: Barnabei Remo , Di Michele Giulio , Cellini Antonio , Amicosante Gianfranco , Perilli Mariagrazia , Bellio Pierangelo , Piccirilli Alessandra , Celenza Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough lymphopenia is currently considered a good predictor for the prognosis of COVID‐19, it must be critically evaluated in patients with CLL, where other clinical markers should be considered to define the prognosis and treatment.
Recurrent, refractory hypokalemia as a diagnostic clue to thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a patient with acute kidney injury and suspected Guillain‐Barre syndrome
Authors: Pattan Vishwanath , Chiu Ken C. , Samoa Raynald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen clinical presentation is atypical, especially in a non‐Asian population, the finding of recurrent and refractory hypokalemia can serve as a key diagnostic clue for timely diagnoses and management of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. In suspected cases, complete thyroid laboratory panel should be measured so that T3 toxicosis is not missed.
Photo‐Initiated Cobalt‐Catalyzed Radical Olefin Hydrogenation
Authors: Sang Sier , Unruh Tobias , Demeshko Serhiy , Domenianni Luis I. , van Leest Nicolaas P. , Marquetand Philipp , Schneck Felix , Würtele Christian , de Zwart Felix J. , de Bruin Bas , González Leticia , Vöhringer Peter , Schneider Sven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOuter‐sphere radical hydrogenation of olefins proceeds via stepwise hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from transition metal hydride species to the substrate. Typical catalysts exhibit M−H bonds that are either too weak to efficiently activate H2 or too strong to reduce unactivated olefins. This contribution evaluates an alternative approach, that starts from a square‐planar cobalt(II) hydride complex. Photoactivation results in Co−H bond homolysis. The three‐coordinate cobalt(I) photoproduct binds H2 to give a dihydrogen complex, which is a strong hydrogen atom donor, enabling the stepwise hydrogenation of both styrenes and unactivated aliphatic olefins with H2 via HAT.
Polymeric Membranes With Sufficient Thermo‐Mechanical Stability to Deploy Temperature Enhanced Backwash
Authors: Aumeier Benedikt M. , Vollmer Fabian , Lenfers Simon , Yüce Süleyman , Wessling Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alternative membrane cleaning method Temperature Enhanced Backwash exploits elevated temperatures of typically 125 °C to realize high shear rate. This exceeds usual operating temperatures by far. Therefore, the thermo‐mechanical properties of polymeric membranes were investigated. A repeated load cycle testing was suited and sensitive to detect the failure of membrane material and potting. All tested PES membranes showed to be stable during the repeated load cycle testing. The potting adhesive may be decisive, thus, a tensile test at 125 °C is proposed.
Abwasser zu Prozesswasser – zwei unterschiedliche Ansätze
Authors: Lübbecke Sven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbwasserwiederverwendung und ‐recycling werden bei der Lösung des zukünftigen Wasserstresses weltweit eine immer wichtigere Rolle spielen. Wasser von hoher Qualität und Reinheit ist ein unverzichtbarer Rohstoff für die Industrie in vielen Produktionsschritten, womit die Verfügbarkeit von Wasser ein entscheidender Standortfaktor ist. Innovative Konzepte zu Abwasserwiederverwendung und ‐recycling im Rahmen von Betreibermodellen, die auf langjährigem Know‐how basieren, führen zur Schonung der knappen Wasserressourcen und zu einer nachhaltigen und finanziell attraktiven Wasserversorgung. Wie die vorgestellten Referenzanlagen zeigen, können dadurch ökologisch und ökonomisch vorteilhafte Lösungen für Kommunen, Industrie und Wasserversorger geschaffen werden.
From water strider to research – interrelationships of structure and characteristics from three perspectives
Authors: Siebert Sara , Meurisch Kerstin , Bernholt Sascha , Adelung Rainer , Parchmann Ilka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDas Phänomen des Wasserläufers eignet sich zur Vermittlung typischer Inhalte des Chemieunterrichts, z. B. von Oberflächenstrukturen in Wechselwirkung mit den Eigenschaften von Wasser. Auch fächerübergreifende Bezüge können hergestellt werden, bspw. zum Körperbau und zur Fortbewegung auf Wasser. Über den Ansatz der Bionik lernen Schülerinnen und Schüler, wie sich ein Verständnis der Oberflächenstruktur der Wasserläuferbeine übertragen lässt in die Synthese künstlicher Strukturen. Hier zeigt der Beitrag Bezüge zur aktuellen Forschung in den Materialwissenschaften auf. Um das Phänomen selbst möglichst faszinierend einzuführen, wurde ein 360°‐Film für VR‐Brillen und Mediendomes, sowie im klassischen Bildschirmformat 16 : 9, entwickelt. Um diesen schon für Schülerinnen und Schüler der Sekundarstufe I einsetzbar zu machen, wurden Assoziationen und Schülervorstellungen zum Phänomen des Wasserläufers erhoben. Die Ergebnisse, die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden, sind in die Entwicklung des Sprechertextes des Films eingeflossen.
Evaluation of genetic diversity and association mapping for seed weight and size in vegetable soybean germplasm
Authors: Moseley David , Mozzoni Leandro , Kaler Avjinder , Mason Richard Esten , Shi Ainong , Orazaly Moldir , Lara Laura , da Silva Marcos Paulo , Chen Pengyin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEdamame is a vegetable‐typesoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with large seed size, typically twice that of commodity soybean. Understanding the genetic diversity among large‐seeded germplasm as well as the genetic variation for seed size in the germplasm pool is important for edamame breeding. The objectives of this study were to analyze the genetic diversity of 343 edamame soybean accessions and 36 breeding lines, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed weight (SW), seed volume (VOL), seed length (SL), seed breadth (SB), and seed height (SH) through genome‐wide association studies. We observed two main genetic groups among the 343 accessions and found that the breeding lines were genetically dissimilar to germplasm accessions. Through single‐ and multi‐locus models, a total of two, two, seven, one, and four SNPs were reported to be associated with SW, VOL, SL, SB, and SH located across two, two, five, one, and four chromosomes, respectively. There were three SNPs associated with SL, SB, and/or SH that were not found to be within a previously reported SL, SB, or SH QTL. The SNP ss715587475, positioned at the 24.9‐Mb position on chromosome 4, was located within the gene Glyma04g21680 which was associated with SW in Arabidopsis and may be a candidate gene for SW in edamame soybean. There were four additional SNPs positioned within genes that encode proteins that may relate to plant growth and development in soybean. Identifying and pyramiding favorable alleles for seed size and weight will enhance edamame breeding efforts.
Topic choices: Revealing concealed processes of curriculum sequencing in English secondary school Music classrooms
Authors: Anderson Anthony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMusic curriculum programmes are designed by English Music teachers in schools as the primary means of musical engagement for young people aged 11–14. Such Music curricula are often structured in learning topics. However, Music teacher rationales for the sequencing of the topics they have chosen to include in their curriculum is an under‐developed area of music education research literature. This study seeks to examine teacher practices in this domain through a comparative case study of nine English secondary school teachers using Think Aloud Protocols to uncover sequencing practices. The findings are analysed using the Friedman ANOVA statistical test and eyeball analysis of teacher curriculum formulations. Theorising from these results facilitated the development of a teacher model of curriculum processing, and illuminated hidden practices in curriculum design.
Assessing the robustness of time‐to‐event models for estimating unmarked wildlife abundance using remote cameras
Authors: Loonam Kenneth E. , Lukacs Paul M. , Ausband David E. , Mitchell Michael S. , Robinson Hugh S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently developed methods, including time‐to‐event and space‐to‐event models, estimate the abundance of unmarked populations from encounter rates with camera trap arrays, addressing a gap in noninvasive wildlife monitoring. However, estimating abundance from encounter rates relies on assumptions that can be difficult to meet in the field, including random movement, population closure, and an accurate estimate of movement speed. Understanding how these models respond to violation of these assumptions will assist in making them more applicable in real‐world settings. We used simulated walk models to test the effects of violating the assumptions of the time‐to‐event model under four scenarios: (1) incorrectly estimating movement speed, (2) violating closure, (3) individuals moving within simplified territories (i.e., movement restricted to partially overlapping circles), (4) and individuals clustering in preferred habitat. The time‐to‐event model was robust to closure violations, territoriality, and clustering when cameras were placed randomly. However, the model failed to estimate abundance accurately when movement speed was incorrectly estimated or cameras were placed nonrandomly with respect to habitat. We show that the time‐to‐event model can provide unbiased estimates of abundance when some assumptions that are commonly violated in wildlife studies are not met. Having a robust method for estimating the abundance of unmarked populations with remote cameras will allow practitioners to monitor a more diverse array of populations noninvasively. With the time‐to‐event model, placing cameras randomly with respect to animal movement and accurately estimating movement speed allows unbiased estimation of abundance. The model is robust to violating the other assumptions we tested.