bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the physical activity of stroke survivors in high‐income countries and low to middle‐income countries
Authors: Jayawardana Krishni S. , Crowfoot Gary , Janssen Heidi , Nayak Pradeepa , Solomon John M. , English Coralie K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow physical activity levels in people with stroke may contribute to higher risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Differences in economic status, culture and the built environment may influence the applicability of interventions developed in high income countries (HIC) for stroke survivors in low to middle‐income countries (LMIC).PurposeTo compare physical activity levels of stroke survivors in HIC and LMIC and to explore the influence of lower limb impairment on physical activity levels.Methods and MaterialsAn exploratory secondary analysis of observational data on physical activity levels of stroke survivors from Australia (HIC) and India (LMIC). Physical activity variables (step count, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) were measured by accelerometery. Comparisons of physical activity levels between (a) Australian and Indian stroke survivors and (b) participants with and without lower limb impairments were performed using independent t‐tests or Mann‐Whitney U tests.ResultsThere were no significant differences in physical activity levels between (i) Australian and Indian stroke survivors (step count mean difference 201 steps [−1375 to 974], LPA mean difference −24 min [−22 to 69], MVPA mean difference 2 min [−8 to 3]), and (ii) stroke survivors with and without lower limb impairments in either country.ConclusionStroke survivors were highly inactive in both countries. Despite differences in economic status, cultural influences and the built environment, the physical activity of stroke survivors in Australia and India did not differ. People with and without lower limb impairment also had similar physical activity levels.
Measurement of changes in torsional stiffness of press‐formed paperboard packages induced by heat load utilizing a developed measuring device
Authors: Tanninen Panu , Leminen Ville , Matthews Sami , Niini Arvo , Varis Juha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe press‐forming process and the effects of parameter variation on the forming process have attracted great interest lately. The dimensional accuracy of the formed trays and the rigidity and stability of the packages are crucial factors for functionality in packaging lines, especially in fast operating machinery. The torsional stiffness of trays must be at a sufficient level to ensure the functionality in subsequent processes and logistics. The objective of this study was to develop and build a device for measuring the torsional stiffness of whole tray packages, to verify its functionality and to investigate the effect of heat load transferred to paperboard material on the torsional stiffness of the formed trays. The operation of the novel torsional stiffness tester was confirmed, and the tester was found to be suitable for measuring the thermal response of the sample materials and the effect of the fibre direction. Thus, the analysed material does not need to have a homogeneous stiffness property since the differences are noticeable in the measurement results. In addition, the results indicate that tray blanks should be die cut in the machine direction of the paperboard. The torsional stiffness of the tray packages increases, and the outer dimensions decrease as a function of the heat input. The first feature is desirable for packaging functionality and the second feature can be compensated by competent packaging design. To conclude, the use of higher mould temperatures is recommendable if the integrity of the package material is not compromised.
A “double fistula” with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease
Authors: El Haj Chehade Ahel , Raphael Ibrahim , Brown Brent , Abdo Tony 
Published: July 2021

Key messageWe present a patient with a history of cavitary mycobacterial lung infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who developed two connected fistulas post thoracentesis, an alveolo‐pleural and a pleuro‐cutaneous fistula, leading to continuous air leak from a stoma on his back.
Untangling soil‐weather drivers of daily N2O emissions and fertilizer management mitigation strategies in no‐till corn
Authors: Bastos Leonardo M. , Rice Charles W. , Tomlinson Peter J. , Mengel David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFertilizer N management can mitigate N2O emissions but complex soil‐weather conditions modulate the mitigation potential. Conditional inference tree (CIT) is a machine learning method able to untangle complex interactions while providing an interpretable model. The goals of this study were (a) to assess the effect of N fertilizer on N2O emissions, and to use CIT to identify (b) the main soil‐weather drivers of daily N2O hot moments and (c) fertilizer management options to mitigate them. The study was conducted in 2 yr in no‐till corn (Zea mays L.) with seven combinations of N source and placement tested. Daily N2O emissions were measured with vented chambers, and soil temperature and water‐filled pore space (WFPS) were measured near the chambers on the same days of gas sampling. Overall, 2013 was drier with lower N2O emissions than 2014. Cumulative N2O losses differed across treatments and years, with broadcast emitting more in 2014 than in 2013, and only subsurface‐banded fertilizer with a nitrification inhibitor (NI) consistently abated N2O losses. The main hot moment conditions were within ∼80 d of fertilizer application when soil temperature >15 °C and WFPS >57%. Under these conditions, NI abated losses by 50% compared with fertilizer alone. The machine learning approach used here could be used in larger datasets to elucidate environment‐specific drivers of N2O hot moments and potential fertilizer mitigation practices under different soil, weather, and management conditions.
Notch Signaling in the Dynamics of Perivascular Stem Cells and their Niches
Authors: Pagella Pierfrancesco , Vargas Roditi Laura , Stadlinger Bernd , Moor Andreas E. , Mitsiadis Thimios A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell fate determination in homeostasis and regeneration. In this work, we aimed to determine how Notch signaling mediates the interactions between perivascular stem cells and their niches in human dental mesenchymal tissues, both in homeostatic and regenerative conditions. By single cell RNA sequencing analysis, we showed that perivascular cells across the dental pulp and periodontal human tissues all express NOTCH3, and that these cells are important for the response to traumatic injuries in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. We further showed that the behavior of perivascular NOTCH3-expressing stem cells could be modulated by cellular and molecular cues deriving from their microenvironments. Taken together, the present studies, reinforced by single-cell analysis, reveal the pivotal importance of Notch signaling in the crosstalk between perivascular stem cells and their niches in tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
Association between awakening cortisol levels and cardiovascular performance in sugarcane rural workers
Authors: Souza‐Talarico Juliana Nery , Santos Sheila , Trevisan Zanetta Dirce Maria , Marcourakis Tania , de Paula Santos Ubiratan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSudden deaths without known causes have been reported among rural workers in the last decade, especially in low and middle‐income countries. The current study aimed to analyse the association between awakening cortisol response and cardiovascular performance in rural workers before and after the harvesting period. Fifty‐four rural male workers and 48 residents were included (non‐rural workers) from a sugarcane production area in São Paulo, Brazil. Morning salivary cortisol were analysed before and 7 months after the beginning of burnt sugarcane harvesting. Cardiovascular performance (blood pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate HR) was evaluated using the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT). Our findings revealed a negative association between CAR and cardiovascular performance in rural workers at the harvesting period. Specifically, morning cortisol levels significantly increased after seven months of intense harvesting activity, allied to improvements in physical performance, systolic blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to a cardiopulmonary task. No association was observed in the resident group. Altogether, these findings suggest that, at least in the short‐term, rural workers presented an adaptive response to the physical demands of sugarcane harvesting work. Longitudinal studies are essential to investigate the long‐term effects of harvesting activity on rural workers' health.
Epitaxial nucleation, modulated structure of molecular aggregation, and enhanced thermal degradation temperature of poly(ethylene adipate): Effects of the naturally occurring uracil as a nucleator
Authors: Yang Yubin , Zhu Zhe , Xie Zhanghua , Liu Fude , Yin Jing , Sun Xiaoyu , Jia Chunfeng , Yang Jinjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe fabricated a novel bio‐composite using the poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA) and naturally occurring uracil (URA), in which the URA with the full biocompatibility and degradability acted as a nucleator (NA). A distinct enhancement was found in the crystallizability, melt‐crystallization temperature (Tc), and crystallization rate of the PEA upon incorporation of the URA, an indicative of a good NA of the URA. The underlying nucleation mechanism of the PEA is the epitaxial nucleation, attributed to the extremely good matching between the crystal lattice of the PEA and URA. The H‐bond interaction exists between the carbonyl/ester segment of the PEA crystalline phase and URA. With loading of the URA, both the carbonyl and ester fell behind the CH2 in the segmental reorganization in the crystallization process of the PEA. The PEA/1%URA showed an enhancement in the Td in the TG measurement (i.e. increased stability in thermal degradation), mainly attributed to the flame retardance effect of the URA.
Coparenting Interventions and Shared Physical Custody: Insights and Challenges
Authors: Darwiche Joëlle , Nunes Cindy Eira , El Ghaziri Nahema , Imesch Camille , Bessero Séverine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the issue of shared physical custody (SPC) in the broader context of coparenting interventions. To identify if and how these interventions address the issue of SPC, we provide a systematic overview of the currently available types of coparenting interventions after marital dissolution. To be selected, the interventions had to be published in peer-reviewed journals, target separated or divorced parents, integrate work on coparenting, and include a custody focus within the intervention curriculum or as a targeted outcome. Finally, they had to be subject to empirical evaluation.As a second step, using a case study, we investigate how the issue of SPC may be addressed before divorce, during couple therapy. We describe the therapy sessions to highlight the factors that may protect or undermine the development of a cooperative coparenting relationship while separating, and eventually create a positive shared-custody scenario after divorce. We also analyse the couple’s progress regarding individual symptomatology and coparenting satisfaction based on self-reported questionnaires and on the quality of their observed coparenting interactions.From a therapeutic perspective, this chapter aims to deepen our understanding of the challenges and opportunities of coparenting during and after separation and its intertwinement with the issue of SPC.
Alternating Homes – A New Family Form – The Family Sociology Perspective
Authors: Thomson Elizabeth , Turunen Jani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we identify structural features of families with shared physical custody that differ from those of nuclear families or those of families where one parent has sole physical custody, and discuss the implications for family and kin relationships. We pay particular attention to the ways in which shared physical custody alters the gendered nature of parenting and kinship. We argue that the structural features of shared physical custody create distinct contexts for parent-child and sibling relationships and produce differences in shared understandings of obligations between family members. The unique context for relationships and obligations together constitute a new family form. Our analysis generates an agenda for future research on the nature and consequences of shared physical custody.
Independence of algebraic monodromy groups in compatible systems
Authors: Amadio Guidi Federico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we develop a general method to prove independence of algebraic monodromy groups in compatible systems of representations, and we apply it to deduce independence results for compatible systems both in automorphic and in positive characteristic settings. In the abstract case, we prove an independence result for compatible systems of Lie-irreducible representations, from which we deduce an independence result for compatible systems admitting what we call a Lie-irreducible decomposition. In the case of geometric compatible systems of Galois representations arising from certain classes of automorphic forms, we prove the existence of a Lie-irreducible decomposition. From this we deduce an independence result. We conclude with the case of compatible systems of Galois representations over global function fields, for which we prove the existence of a Lie-irreducible decomposition, and we deduce an independence result. From this we also deduce an independence result for compatible systems of lisse sheaves on normal varieties over finite fields.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of mitochondrial fission factor
Authors: Takeichi Yukina , Miyazawa Takashi , Sakamoto Shohei , Hanada Yuki , Wang Lixiang , Gotoh Kazuhito , Uchida Keiichiro , Katsuhara Shunsuke , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ishihara Takaya , Masuda Keiji , Ishihara Naotada , Nomura Masatoshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles continuously undergoing fission and fusion, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, to adapt to nutritional demands. Evidence suggests that impaired mitochondrial dynamics leads to metabolic abnormalities such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) phenotypes. However, how mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the development of NASH is poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in the development of NASH.

Methods
We created mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of MFF (MffLiKO). MffLiKO mice fed normal chow diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated for metabolic variables and their livers were examined by histological analysis. To elucidate the mechanism of development of NASH, we examined the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid metabolism, and the secretion of triacylglycerol (TG) using the liver and primary hepatocytes isolated from MffLiKO and control mice.

Results
MffLiKO mice showed aberrant mitochondrial morphologies with no obvious NASH phenotypes during NCD, while they developed full-blown NASH phenotypes in response to HFD. Expression of genes related to ER stress was markedly upregulated in the liver from MffLiKO mice. In addition, expression of genes related to hepatic TG secretion was downregulated, with reduced hepatic TG secretion in MffLiKO mice in vivo and in primary cultures of MFF-deficient hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, thapsigargin-induced ER stress suppressed TG secretion in primary hepatocytes isolated from control mice.

Conclusions/interpretation
We demonstrated that ablation of MFF in liver provoked ER stress and reduced hepatic TG secretion in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, MffLiKO mice were more susceptible to HFD-induced NASH phenotype than control mice, partly because of ER stress-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes and suppression of TG secretion from hepatocytes. This study provides evidence for the role of mitochondrial fission in the development of NASH.

Graphical abstract
Brain volume in chronic ketamine users — relationship to sub-threshold psychotic symptoms and relevance to schizophrenia
Authors: Chesters Robert A. , Pepper Fiona , Morgan Celia , Cooper Jonathan D. , Howes Oliver D. , Vernon Anthony C. , Stone James M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Ketamine may model aspects of schizophrenia arising through NMDA receptor activity deficits. Although acute ketamine can induce effects resembling both positive and negative psychotic symptoms, chronic use may be a closer model of idiopathic psychosis.

Objectives
We tested the hypotheses that ketamine users had lower brain volumes, as measured using MRI, and greater sub-threshold psychotic symptoms relative to a poly-drug user control group.

Methods
Ketamine users (n = 17) and poly-drug using controls (n = 19) were included in the study. All underwent volumetric MRI imaging and measurement of sub-threshold psychotic symptoms using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS). Freesurfer was used to analyse differences in regional brain volume, cortical surface area and thickness between ketamine users and controls. The relationship between CAARMS ratings and brain volume was also investigated in ketamine users.

Results
Ketamine users were found to have significantly lower grey matter volumes of the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, cerebellum and total cortex (FDR p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.36–0.75). Within the cortex, ketamine users had significantly lower grey matter volumes within the frontal, temporal and parietal cortices (Cohen’s d 0.7–1.31; FDR p < 0.05). They also had significantly higher sub-threshold psychotic symptoms (p < 0.05). Frequency of ketamine use showed an inverse correlation with cerebellar volume (p < 0.001), but there was no relationship between regional brain volumes and sub-threshold psychotic symptoms.

Conclusions
Chronic ketamine use may cause lower grey matter volumes as well as inducing sub-threshold psychotic symptoms, although these likely arise through distinct mechanisms.
Small cell lung cancer stem cells display mesenchymal properties and exploit immune checkpoint pathways in activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Kursunel M. Alper , Taskiran Ekim Z. , Tavukcuoglu Ece , Yanik Hamdullah , Demirag Funda , Karaosmanoglu Beren , Ozbay Feyza Gul , Uner Aysegul , Esendagli Dorina , Kizilgoz Derya , Yilmaz Ulku , Esendagli Gunes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor type with early dissemination and distant metastasis capacity. Even though optimal chemotherapy responses are observed initially in many patients, therapy resistance is almost inevitable. Accordingly, SCLC has been regarded as an archetype for cancer stem cell (CSC) dynamics. To determine the immune-modulatory influence of CSC in SCLC, this study focused on the characterization of CD44+CD90+ CSC-like subpopulations in SCLC. These cells displayed mesenchymal properties, differentiated into different lineages and further contributed to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses. The interaction between CD44+CD90+ CSC-like cells and T cells led to the upregulation of checkpoint molecules PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, and LAG3. In the patient-derived lymph nodes, CD44+ SCLC metastases were also observed with T cells expressing PD-1, TIM-3, or LAG3. Proliferation and IFN-γ expression capacity of TIM-3 and LAG3 co-expressing CTLs are adversely affected over long-time co-culture with CD44+CD90+ CSC-like cells. Moreover, especially through IFN-γ secreted by the T cells, the CSC-like SCLC cells highly expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2. Upon a second encounter with immune-experienced, IFN-γ-stimulated CSC-like SCLC cells, both cytotoxic and proliferation capacities of T cells were hampered. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for the superior potential of the SCLC cells with stem-like and mesenchymal properties to gain immune regulatory capacities and cope with cytotoxic T cell responses. With their high metastatic and immune-modulatory assets, the CSC subpopulation in SCLC may serve as a preferential target for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy
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Bayesian inversion of a diffusion model with application to biology
Authors: Croix Jean-Charles , Durrande Nicolas , Alvarez Mauricio A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA common task in experimental sciences is to fit mathematical models to real-world measurements to improve understanding of natural phenomenon (reverse-engineering or inverse modelling). When complex dynamical systems are considered, such as partial differential equations, this task may become challenging or ill-posed. In this work, a linear parabolic equation is considered as a model for protein transcription from MRNA. The objective is to estimate jointly the differential operator coefficients, namely the rates of diffusion and self-regulation, as well as a functional source. The recent Bayesian methodology for infinite dimensional inverse problems is applied, providing a unique posterior distribution on the parameter space continuous in the data. This posterior is then summarized using a Maximum a Posteriori estimator. Finally, the theoretical solution is illustrated using a state-of-the-art MCMC algorithm adapted to this non-Gaussian setting.
Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 4 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in children in Luohe City, Henan Province, China, during 2017–2018
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Mao Naiying , Zhang Yan , Cui Aili , Zhu Zhen , Hu Ruiping , Xu Jin , Xu Wenbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring 2017–2018, nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 627 hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection at Luohe Center Hospital were tested by RT-PCR for human parainfluenza virus 4 (HPIV-4). Fourteen (2.2%) of the 627 samples were positive for HPIV-4. The complete HN gene was amplified from nine positive samples and sequenced. Sequence comparisons showed that the HPIV-4 strains circulating in the city of Luohe are closely related to HPIV-4A strains. Our study indicated that there were multiple lineages of HPIV-4 circulating in Henan Province in China during the study period. This will improve our understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HPIV-4.