bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular plane displacement versus mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion: A comparison between cardiac magnetic resonance and M‐mode echocardiography
Authors: Sepúlveda‐Martínez Alvaro , Steding‐Ehrenborg Katarina , Rodríguez‐López Mérida , Ostenfeld Ellen , Valenzuela‐Alcaráz Brenda , Heiberg Einar , Gratacós Eduard , Prat‐González Susanna , Crispi Fátima , Hedström Erik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionBoth echocardiography and CMR imaging are used to quantify longitudinal function. Inter‐method variability for mitral (MAPSE) and tricuspid (TAPSE) annular plane systolic excursion, and variability between directly measured MAPSE and TAPSE and as based on atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) analysis by CMR, are, however, not known. This study, therefore, assessed inter‐method variability and variability between annular plane systolic excursion and AVPD‐based values in a healthy adult population.MethodsEchocardiography and CMR were performed in 111 adults (35 [32–38] years). Method comparisons were assessed with Deming regression, Bland–Altman analysis and coefficient of variation. Observer reproducibility was assessed by the concordance correlation coefficient.ResultsEchocardiography and semi‐automatic CMR agreed on MAPSE (17 ± 2 mm vs. 17 ± 2 mm, p = 0.1) and TAPSE (25 ± 3 mm vs. 25 ± 3 mm, p = 0.5), correlated highly between methods (fitted‐slope 1.22 [95% CI 1.07–1.38] and 1.12 [95% CI 0.95–1.29]) and showed low bias (0.42 [95% CI − 2.05 to 2.88] and − 0.18 [95% CI − 4.78 to 4.43]). Intra‐/inter‐observer reproducibility was high for both methods for both MAPSE (echocardiography 0.96/0.86; CMR 0.87/0.85) and TAPSE (echocardiography 0.96/0.95; CMR 0.97/0.96). MAPSE (16 ± 2 mm vs. 17 ± 2 mm; p < 0.001) and TAPSE (24 ± 3 vs. 25 ± 3 mm; p < 0.001) based on AVPD were similar but statistically different compared with semi‐automatic CMR.ConclusionsEchocardiography and semi‐automatic CMR have low variability and provide similar values for MAPSE and TAPSE and are thus interchangeable for follow‐up studies. Lateral values based on tracked data from AVPD analysis are not clinically significantly different and could be used as a representation of annular displacement.
Biological testing of chitosan‐collagen‐based porous scaffolds loaded with PLGA/Triamcinolone microspheres for ameliorating endoscopic dissection‐related stenosis in oesophagus
Authors: Ni Wenkai , Lin Shengli , Bian Saiyan , Xiao Mingbing , Wang Yongjun , Yang Yumin , Lu Cuihua , Zheng Wenjie , Zhou Pinghong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a preferential approach for early oesophageal neoplasms, inevitably results in oesophageal strictures in patients. Clinical use of glucocorticoids through submucosal injection is beneficial for inhibiting oesophageal stricture following injury; however, it also has limitations, such as dose loss and perforation. Hence, alternatives to glucocorticoid therapy should be developed.MethodsA novel porous composite scaffold, ChCo‐TAMS, composed of chitosan, collagen‐I and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) loaded into poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres (TAMS), was successfully constructed and subjected to biological testing to ameliorate oesophageal ESD‐related stenosis.ResultsThe synthesized biomaterials displayed unique properties in inhibiting the activation of macrophages, chemokine‐mediated cell recruitment and fibrogenesis of fibroblasts. Further application of the scaffolds in the rat dermal defect and porcine oesophageal ESD model showed that these novel scaffolds played a robust role in inhibiting wound contracture and oesophageal ESD strictures.ConclusionsThe developed composite scaffolds provide a promising clinical medical device for the prevention of post‐operative oesophageal stricture.
Wild Atlantic salmon enter aquaculture sea‐cages: A case study
Authors: Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Bui Samantha , Hansen Tom J. , Oppedal Frode , Bakke Gunnar , Hellenbrecht Lea , Knutar Sofie , Madhun Abdullah Sami 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are more than 3,000 Atlantic salmon aquaculture sea‐cages distributed along the coastline of Norway. Many of these sea‐cages are located along the migration routes of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts. This study documents for the first time that wild Atlantic salmon postsmolts can enter sea‐cages stocked with farmed Atlantic salmon. In addition, wild sea trout (Salmo trutta) and salmon/trout hybrid postsmolts were found inside the sea‐cages. The extent of such “bycatch” in commercial aquaculture is vital knowledge for the conservation of Atlantic salmon and sea trout. Further studies are encouraged in order to evaluate the extent of this possible ghost fishing phenomena.
Optimising rapid on‐site evaluation‐assisted endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes: The real‐time cytopathology intervention process
Authors: Danakas Alexandra M. , Jones Carolyn E. , Magguilli Michael , Lada Michal J. , Plavnicky John , Parajuli Shobha , Wizorek Joseph J. , Peyre Christian G. , Ettel Mark , Sweeney Melissa , De Las Casas Luis E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionLymph node sampling by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is the state of art procedure for staging the mediastinum and hilar regions in lung cancer patients. Our experience of implementing the real‐time cytopathology intervention (RTCI) process for intraoperative EBUS‐TBNAs is presented. This study is aimed to describe in detail the RTCI process for EBUS‐TBNAs, and assess its utility and diagnostic yield before and after its implementation in parallel to conventional rapid on‐site evaluation (c‐ROSE).MethodsA retrospective review of all EBUS‐TBNAs between July 2016 and July 2017 at the University of Rochester Medical Center was performed. Final diagnoses, patient clinical data, and number of non‐diagnostic samples (NDS) were reviewed. The numbers of NDS obtained from EBUS‐TBNAs with no cytology assistance (NCA), with RTCI and with c‐ROSE were analysed.ResultsNon‐diagnostic lymph node samples were found in 20 out of 116 (17%), three out of 114 (2.6%) and 33 out of 286 (11.5%) cases with NCA, RTCI and c‐ROSE, respectively. Application of statistical analysis revealed significant difference in the NDS between the groups of cases in the operating room with NCA and RTCI (P = .005). The different settings and variables between the cases performed using RTCI in the operating room and those assisted with c‐ROSE in the bronchoscopy suite preclude legitimate comparison.ConclusionOur results indicate that the use of RTCI could yield a significantly low proportion of NDS when assisting EBUS‐TBNA of mediastinal and hilar lymph node for lung cancer patients enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of the procedure.
Hypoglycemia in the emergency, is there any effect on endothelial and diastolic functions?
Authors: Akhan Onur , Ardahanli Isa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral homeostatic changes like an increase in sympathoadrenal response and oxidative stress occur in hypoglycemia. As a result of these findings, an increase in inflammation and preatherogenic factors is observed, and these changes may lead to endothelial dysfunction.AimOur study aims to reveal possible cardiac risks (systolic‐diastolic functions and endothelial dysfunctions) in patients who have applied to the emergency department with hypoglycemia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, case–control study included 46 hypoglycemia patients who admitted to the emergency with symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia and diagnosed with hypoglycemia and 30 healthy volunteers. All patients were evaluated with baseline echocardiography, tissue‐Doppler imaging (carotid and brachial artery). Also, the fasting blood tests of the patients referred to the internal medicine department were examined.ResultsThere were no differences between the groups regarding age, weight, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Vitamin B12, TSH, and fasting blood glucose levels were similar in the groups' blood tests (all P values > .05). We observed a statistically significant decrease in diastolic dysfunction parameters: E/A and E/e' ratios (respectively, P = .020 and 0.026). It was shown that insulin resistance was influential in forming these considerable differences. The patient group observed that the carotid intima–media thickness was more remarkable (P = .001), and the brachial flow‐mediated dilatation value was smaller (P = .003), giving an idea about endothelial functions.ConclusionAs a message, we can say that hypoglycemia may affect diastolic functions in addition to endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, even young individuals without any chronic diseases may need follow‐up in terms of possible risks.
Exercise testing in COVID‐19 era: Clinical profile, results and feasibility wearing a facemask
Authors: Barbeito‐Caamaño Cayetana , Bouzas‐Mosquera Alberto , Peteiro Jesús , López‐Vázquez Domingo , Quintas‐Guzmán Martín , Varela‐Cancelo Ariana , Martínez‐Ruiz Dolores , Yañez‐Wonenburger Juan Carlos , Piñeiro‐Portela Miriam , Vázquez‐Rodríguez José Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo data are available about whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have led to changes in clinical profiles or results of exercise testing once the usual activity was reassumed, as well as if wearing a facemask has any impact on the tests. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in the patients referred to exercise stress testing in the context of COVID‐19 pandemic and analyse the feasibility and results of these tests wearing a facemask.MethodsWe included all patients referred for an exercise test from 1 June to 30 September 2020 and compared them with the patients attended within the same period in 2019 before and after propensity score matching. All patients referred in 2020 wore a facemask.ResultsA total of 854 patients were included: 398 in the 2020 group and 456 in 2019. No significant differences in baseline characteristics of the patients were observed, with the exception of dyspnoea, which was nearly twice as high in 2020 as compared with 2019. Regarding the results of the tests, no differences were observed, with almost 80% of maximal tests, similar functional capacity and over a 20% of positive exercise tests in both groups. These results remained after propensity score matching.ConclusionCOVID‐19 pandemic has not changed the clinical profile of patients referred to exercise testing. In addition, performing exercise testing wearing a facemask is feasible, with no influence in functional capacity and clinical results.
Decentralization and regional convergence: Evidence from night‐time lights data
Authors: Adhikari Bibek , Dhital Saroj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe proponents of decentralization argue that it improves economic growth, while critics say it increases regional inequality. The empirical evidence is mixed and based mostly on developed countries due to a lack of income data for lower administrative regions. We combine night‐lights data captured by satellites with a new database on decentralization derived from actual laws that are institutionalized and circumscribed from a global sample of countries. We then analyze the impact of decentralization on regional convergence using income data from the first and second administrative regions. We find that decentralization hinders within‐country regional convergence, especially in the developing countries.
Aqueous leaf extract of Ligustrum vulgare inhibits ascospore germination and mycelial growth of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Authors: Brühwiler Valentin , Sieber Thomas N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of common ash dieback, possesses a low level of genetic diversity in Europe. The introduction of novel strains of this fungus must be prevented, due to the possible emergence of new virulence alleles, which could result in the infestation of the small proportion of hitherto resistant or tolerant ash trees. More comprehensive knowledge of the host spectrum of H. fraxineus is necessary for preventing further introductions. It is possible that H. fraxineus manifests itself in hosts beyond the genus Fraxinus, though this proposition has received little attention thus far. Two in vitro experiments were set up to investigate whether privet (Ligustrum vulgare) could serve as a host: germination rate of fresh H. fraxineus ascospores and colony growth of H. fraxineus were tested on agar media containing leaf extracts of privet, common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and manna ash (Fraxinus ornus). Two different media with leaf extracts were tested, one with high (60%) and one with low (12%) extract content. Barely any significant differences were recorded in the case of the media with low extract content. Significant effects occurred only at the higher extract content level: germination was completely inhibited on the privet medium. Mycelial growth on the privet medium was slower than on both the common ash and manna ash media and, in addition, one of the three H. fraxineus strains was completely inhibited. These observations indicate the presence of inhibitors in privet. It is therefore unlikely to be a suitable host for H. fraxineus.
Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the comprehensive assessment of at‐risk mental states
Authors: Lho Silvia Kyungjin , Oh Sanghoon , Moon Sun‐Young , Choi Woori , Kim Minah , Lee Tae Young , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimAlthough the comprehensive assessment of at‐risk mental states (CAARMS) is one of the most widely used instruments for identifying individuals meeting the criteria for ultra‐high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis, the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the CAARMS (CAARMS‐K) have not been studied to date. Thus, we tested the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the CAARMS‐K in a Korean population.MethodsThe CAARMS‐K was administered to 96 UHR individuals. The inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency of the CAARMS‐K were evaluated. In addition, its factor structure was investigated using principal‐axis factor analysis. Concurrent validity was examined by comparing the extracted CAARMS‐K factors with the five factors of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) using Spearman's correlation tests. The percentage of transition to psychosis was examined at 1‐ and 2‐year.ResultsThe inter‐rater reliability was good (intraclass correlation = .89), and the internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = .812). A five‐factor solution demonstrated the best simple structure and accounted for 43.1% of all‐item variance. The five factors extracted from the factor analysis were similar to the PANSS five factors and significantly correlated with the factors of the PANSS. Among the 96 UHR individuals, 11 (11.5%) and 17 (17.7%) developed psychotic disorders during the 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionsThe CAARMS‐K is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of UHR individuals in Korea.
Mobilising Identity: Entrepreneurial Practice of a ‘Disadvantaged’ Identity
Authors: James Imaobong , Xiong Lin , Anderson Alistair R. 
Published: February 2021

We examine how female migrant entrepreneurs overturn disadvantage through social resourcing. We argue they are disadvantaged by the intersectionality of their identities; that social constructions and ensuing entrepreneurial expectations are a poor fit with their ascribed identity, that they are marginalised by their ‘otherness’. However, entrepreneurship is not only socially situated, but also socially enacted.We studied their entrepreneurial social enactment and found they had used agency to mobilise their identity. The shared identity of marginality as cultural strangers fostered a sense of togetherness as social capital. In turn, this produced group social responsibility, a socialised obligation to help each other. The entrepreneurs used this intangible resource to first establish their businesses then as a platform for wider engagements. We found that when the entrepreneurial self became superimposed on intersectional identity, disadvantage almost disappeared. Respondents reported confidence in themselves through their entrepreneurial achievement, paradoxically empowered by a negative social identity.
Foveal changes in aquaporin‐4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are independent of optic neuritis and not overtly progressive
Authors: Roca‐Fernández Adriana , Oertel Frederike Cosima , Yeo Tianrong , Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Probert Fay , Craner Matthew J. , Sastre‐Garriga Jaume , Zimmermann Hanna G. , Asseyer Susanna , Kuchling Joseph , Bellmann‐Strobl Judith , Ruprecht Klemens , Leite Maria Isabel , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander Ulrich , Palace Jacqueline 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeFoveal changes were reported in aquaporin‐4 antibody (AQP4‐Ab) seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients; however, it is unclear whether they are independent of optic neuritis (ON), stem from subclinical ON or crossover from ON in fellow eyes. Fovea morphometry and a statistical classification approach were used to investigate if foveal changes in NMOSD are independent of ON and progressive.MethodsThis was a retrospective longitudinal study of 27 AQP4‐IgG + NMOSD patients (49 eyes; 15 ON eyes and 34 eyes without a history of ON [NON eyes]), follow‐up median (first and third quartile) 2.32 (1.33–3.28), and 38 healthy controls (HCs) (76 eyes), follow‐up median (first and third quartile) 1.95 (1.83–2.54). The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and the volume of combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer as measures of neuroaxonal damage from ON were determined by optical coherence tomography. Nineteen foveal morphometry parameters were extracted from macular optical coherence tomography volume scans. Data were analysed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and linear mixed effects models.ResultsAt baseline, foveal shape was significantly altered in ON eyes and NON eyes compared to HCs. Discriminatory analysis showed 81% accuracy distinguishing ON vs. HCs and 68% accuracy in NON vs. HCs. NON eyes were distinguished from HCs by foveal shape parameters indicating widening. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis discriminated ON vs. NON with 76% accuracy. In a follow‐up of 2.4 (20.85) years, no significant time‐dependent foveal changes were found.ConclusionThe parafoveal area is altered in AQP4‐Ab seropositive NMOSD patients suggesting independent neuroaxonal damage from subclinical ON. Longer follow‐ups are needed to confirm the stability of the parafoveal structure over time.
Collective decision‐making, caste roles and sequential transport during colony emigration in the small carpenter ant, Camponotus yamaokai
Authors: Ghosh Purbayan , Cronin Adam L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffective coordination of group actions underlies the success of group‐living organisms. Making decisions collectively is a crucial step in executing behaviours affecting the whole group. In social insects, decision‐making is typically achieved in a self‐organised manner and incorporates a quorum process, which can improve decision accuracy and be tailored to different conditions. Studies of the nest‐selection process in different social insect species have revealed remarkable consistency in the mode of decision‐making despite marked differences in life history and colony size. However, an often‐overlooked aspect of this decision process is how it might be influenced by diversity in behavioural propensity among colony members. Higher diversity can improve collective processes, but could also represent a cost if certain classes of individual do not contribute to the cooperative activity. Many ant species exhibit caste polymorphism, with different worker castes specialised to different functions. These castes could thus enhance or erode the collective decision process depending on whether they contribute to this process or not. In this study, we explore the process of colony emigration and nest‐site choice in the small carpenter ant Camponotus yamaokai, a species with two distinct worker castes. We show that this species is likely to use a quorum decision process facilitated by navigation with chemical trails. Both major and minor castes contributed to the collective decision and emigration process. However, although major workers comprised 24% of the colony on average, they were 5.5 times less likely than expected to be involved in assessing new nests and 4.6 times less likely than expected to contribute to brood transport. This may represent a previously unrecognised cost to the colony in the emigration process. In addition, we document the first observations of sequential brood transfer during emigration behaviour and speculate upon the function of this behaviour.
A novel meta‐heuristic approach for influence maximization in social networks
Authors: Chatterjee Bitanu , Bhattacharyya Trinav , Ghosh Kushal Kanti , Chatterjee Agneet , Sarkar Ram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfluence maximization in a social network focuses on the task of extracting a small set of nodes from a network which can maximize the propagation in a cascade model. Though greedy methods produce good solutions to the aforementioned problem, their high computational complexity is a major drawback. Centrality‐based heuristic methods often fail to overcome local optima, thereby producing sub‐optimal results. To this end, in this article, a framework has been presented which involves community detection in a social network and the utilization of the Shuffled Frog Leaping algorithm, in maximizing the two‐hop spread of influence under the independent cascade model. Local search strategies like the Late acceptance based hill climbing have been employed to improve the solution further. Experiments performed on three real‐world datasets have shown that our method performs markedly well with respect to the comparing algorithms.
Short‐lived fishes: Annual and multivoltine strategies
Authors: Žák Jakub , Vrtílek Milan , Polačik Matej , Blažek Radim , Reichard Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe diversity of life histories across the animal kingdom is enormous, with direct consequences for the evolution of lifespans. Very short lifespans (maximum shorter than 1 year in their natural environment) have evolved in several vertebrate lineages. We review short‐lived fish species which complete either single (annual/univoltine) or multiple (multivoltine) generations within a year. We summarize the commonalities and particulars of their biology. Apart from annual killifishes (with >350 species), we detected 60 species with validated lifespan shorter than 1 year in their natural environment. Considering the low number of reports on fish lifespan (<5% of 30,000+ fish species; 1,543 species), the total number of short‐lived fish species may be relatively high (>1,200 species). Short‐lived fish species are scattered across 12 orders, indicating that short lifespan is not a phylogenetically conserved trait but rather evolves under specific ecological conditions. In general, short‐lived fish species are small (typically 55 ± 35 mm), experience high predation (making them important part of ecosystem trophodynamics) and live in shallow warm waters with high productivity and stable abiotic conditions (e.g. Gobiidae, Clupeidae). Others utilize temporally constrained environments, where they survive unfavourable conditions as dormant stages (annual killifishes). They also utilize less productive environments; in this case, they migrate between productive and un‐productive environments (e.g. Myctophidae, Salangidae). These species include the putatively shortest‐lived (Schindleria pietschmanni: Schindleriidae) and earliest maturing (Nothobranchius furzeri: Nothobranchiidae) vertebrates and represent the lower limit of vertebrate longevity. Their examination may provide important insights into the evolutionary and mechanistic understanding of ageing.