bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Teachers’ Use of L1 in EFL Classes
Authors: Tanrıseven Ufuk , Kırkgöz Yasemin 
Published: October 2021

In many countries where English is used as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL), the classroom is the main context for students’ exposure to the target language (L2); however, English teachers have a tendency to use the mother tongue (L1) excessively. As a result, the appropriate use of L1 in language classrooms remains as a major problem. This study investigates Turkish EFL teachers’ perspectives on the use of L1, and functions that the teachers’ use of L1 serves in foreign language classrooms. Mixed method research design was adopted using a questionnaire and semistructured interviews. English teachers (n=43) responded to the Use of L1 Questionnaire and semistructured interviews were held with eight volunteer teachers working in Beyza private schools in a province in Turkey. Quantitative data from the Likert scale questionnaire items was analysed using descriptive statistics to reveal frequency, mean and standard deviation scores, and inductive content analysis was applied for the analysis of qualitative data. The findings have demonstrated that most teachers avoid or limit the use of L1 systematically and give priority to using L2 in EFL classrooms. Findings also suggest that L1 can be used as a facilitating tool for explaining difficult grammar and vocabulary items, managing classrooms, giving instructions, checking for comprehension and establishing a friendly classroom environment.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Prospective Teachers’ Attitudes towards Multiculturality and Refugee Students
Authors: Akkaya Sumeyra , Sahin Seda , Gezer Sen Burcu 
Published: October 2021

Multiculturalism refers to the existence of different social groups in society. Multiculturalism advocates a society in which no culture is dominant. Multiculturalism is a fact of life for many people. Multiculturalism and globalization affect how people organize the world around them and how they see themselves and others. Multicultural education offers an educational program that concerns not only specific minorities but also all social groups. Today, with the effect of globalization, teachers and students can participate in educational activities all over the world. This situation requires educators to approach multicultural education positively in order to ensure equality of opportunity in education. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between prospective primary school teachers and pre-school teacher candidates’ attitudes towards multiculturalism and refugee students. The article summarizes the information on multicultural education, which is one of the reflections of globalization on education, and refugee students and equal opportunities in education. The research was carried out with the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. In the study, it was determined that the sum of multicultural attitudes increased the general level of attitude towards refugee students. Another result of the research is that the sum of multicultural attitudes increases the level of communication, adaptation and efficiency. In the study, the communication scores of the preschool teaching department were also found to be higher than the communication scores of the primary school teaching department.
Application of Smart Grid and Edge Computing Technologies to Improve The Operational Efficiency of The Supply Chain and Logistics Processes
Authors: Kumar Suresh Nanda 
Published: October 2021

Energy demand is growing at a very rapid pace worldwide. Conventional energy sources are being replaced steadily by non-conventional sources such as renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric etc. This rapid growth in demand for energy compounded by the depletion of conventional, non-renewable energy sources in recent years has brought about a transformation in the energy sector. Households, manufacturers and other consumers of energy can now both produce and consume energy. The flow of energy is bidirectional. They can also either store the surplus power for future use or send it to the grid for sharing with other users of energy. As a result of this transformation, the smart grid came into existence where the producers and the consumers of energy can be the same person and contribute to the supply of energy to the grid.
A Survey on Various Attacks and Countermeasures in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Thangamuthu A P 
Published: October 2021

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an evolving technological base comprising spatially dispersed, autonomous tiny sensing devices called nodes. Today, wireless sensor networks are not exclusively limited to military uses such as frontline surveillance. However, they are still used in various industrial and civilian applications, including industrial process tracking and operation, robotic health monitoring, vibration and flame monitoring, healthcare systems, home automation, and traffic management. Nodes, such as temperature, hermetic, vibration, pressure, leisure seizure, or pollutant parameters, are deployed independently to cooperatively control mammal or environmental conditions. The compulsion of security issues occurs in the Wireless Sensor Network to be accepted with complete zip honesty, confidentiality, authentication during contact. In this paper, we analyze the security criteria, internal and external security threats and attacks that can be done, and the mechanism used in the Wireless Sensor Network to address such security issues.
A Survey for Ascertaining Details Related to Falls on Stairs or Escalators
Authors: Hilton Deborah J 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, publication titled; ‘Injury in Australia: falls’ states that in 2017–18, 42% of hospitalized injury cases were due to falls, and 40% of injury deaths were due to falls. In Melbourne City, at various stations, there are extremely long escalators, and alarmingly, one sign previously displayed states there are approximately 2-3 falls/ week on train station escalators.Objectives: The aim of the survey was to ascertain the percentage of people who’ve fallen downstairs and escalators.Methods: Distribution of a general convenience survey [n=125] was performed to ascertain the percentage of people who’ve fallen downstairs and escalators. Additional questions related to rain, high-risk footwear, poor lighting, and how many falls they have had. Following that, regardless of whether or not they’d had a fall, questions then focused on whether they had a fear of falling and whether they felt uncomfortable around crowds on stairs or escalators.Results and Discussion: Completed survey forms were eighty-two in total. 29% of people had fallen, with 16% of those people indicating rain, 16% in either high heels or thongs, while 25% indicated poor visibility. Of those who had fallen, the estimate of the number of falls down stairs or escalators ranged from 1–20, with the average being three falls. 39% of respondents, irrespective of whether or not they had fallen, had fear, while 43% felt uncomfortable around crowds.Conclusion: Falls downstairs or escalators are relatively common, in addition to a large percentage of people having fear or feeling uncomfortable.
Hidden Riot: Investigating the Impact of Rural–Urban Gap in Afghanistan’s Political Changes
Authors: Erfan Mohammad Dawood 
Published: October 2021

Afghanistan, with major rural population is of the countries that face varieties of problems for transformation from tradition to modernity (underdevelopment). Nowadays various social gaps in this geographical area have crystalized in ethnic cleft; has been originated from another background that the most important is the rural-urban gap. This hidden gap has shown itself in different forms in the social history of Afghanistan. Sometimes with a cover of Tribe, sometimes in the form of wealth and poverty and sometimes it rises with a cover over modernity and tradition. Development experts concentrate on other gaps and they didn’t pay enough attention to this important gap. The question is: What has been the role of rural-urban gap in underdevelopment and political changes in Afghanistan? In a country where social relations are generated from rural areas and political changes rise by using violent tools in different forms, necessitate deep socialistic investigations on ruling relations in rural communities that constitute the most population of the country. It seems inattention to rural people needs and problems led to the profound gap which shaped violent changes in the history of Afghanistan. Meaningful rural relations, nomadism and tribal culture, have led to many partitions in the process of development.
The Role of Athletic Self-Confidence and Coping Strategies in Predicting the Athletic Success of Trabzon University Athletic students
Authors: Kırkbir Fatih , Zengin Samet 
Published: October 2021

One of the most important challenges in sports science is the factors that influence the acquisition and maintenance of athletic success. Nowadays, success in sports is not only focused on the quality of an athlete’s performance.The method of this study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all students from Trabzon University, which are 340 people. Cochran’s sample size estimation formula was used to determine the sample size, and the number of samples was equivalent to 181 individuals selected by the simple random sampling method. The following standard questionnaires were used to collect information. Roberts et al. (1998) Athletic Success Questionnaire, Vealey et al. (1988) Athletic Self-Confidence Questionnaire and Gaudreau & Blondin (2002) Coping Strategies Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS software, version 22. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and frequency and relative frequency percentage for qualitative variables. The regression coefficient was used to determine the sources of athletic self-confidence and coping strategies in predicting athletic success.The results show that athletic self-confidence has a significant effect on students’ athletic success (p <0.01, B = 0.54) and that coping strategies have a significant effect on students’ athletic success (p <0.01, B = 0.59).Therefore, it can be concluded that the more athletic self-confidence and coping strategies increase, the greater their athletic success. Encouraging student-athletes to participate in group.
A Conceptual Framework for Teacher Counselors in Colleges
Authors: Madhavan Jeena 
Published: October 2021

Working with a counsellor helps the student solve a variety of issues that they confront in their daily life, as the sessions in counselling are provided by trained professionals. In the absence of a trained counsellor, a teacher who has received training and practice in the relevant area can play the role of a teacher counsellor. The teacher herself has to undergo a phase of transition from teacher to teacher counsellor. Due to this pandemic situation, life has changed a lot. Researches done in this area shows that the mental health of the adolescent group is largely affected by COVID 19. Even if the present mode of education is online, a teacher counsellor can help a student if she is equipped with the various strategies followed in counselling. The skills which are required in the field of counselling can be achieved by attending courses as well as training programs conducted by universities, government, non-governmental organisations, or institutions. This enables a teacher counsellor to get equipped with the basic skills required for counselling. Also, at the same time, she should be aware of the professional code of ethics in the process of counselling. When the teacher counsellor passes through the transition from teacher to teacher counsellor, she should possess the capacity to understand the student’s needs and also be capable of maintaining a good rapport and relationship with the student. In this way, both the teacher counsellor and the student can work together to achieve the goals for change.
Tamil Maruthuva Noolkal Koorum Naadi Nilaikal – Oor Aaivu
Authors: Suba T , Aji K 
Published: October 2021

The Medical system detected by the Ancient Tamils is called Siddha Medicine and Tamil Medicine. There are numerous books on this system of medicine. Among them is Siddha Maruthuva Chintamani, Maranakandi, Agasthya Nool Thirattu and also the Vedic Manuscript Vagada Sangiraha Chintamani. Our body has 72,000 nerves. It is shortened and divided into Dasanadi, Panchanadi and Vatha Pitha Kapa. It is also known as Idakalai (vatham), Pinkalai (pitham) and Suli munai (ayyam). Nadi is seen in ten places but karam (hand) is considered to be the best place. It is considered to be an ideal place for women to look for the left and men the right hand. This study clearly explains how to hold the pulse, how the pulses walk, and what happens due to differences in the pulse.
Animism in Folk Deities Cult in Malaysia
Authors: Agilan Dhilip Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Folk deities cult began in Malaysia when Tamils were brought by the British to work in the rubber plantation. Tamils brought a handful of soil, spears, and trident as depictions of their ideal deities. Tamils tend to builts shrines for the deities in Malaysia around their residents, within house compounds, and at the center of rubber plantations. These folk deities cult contains a massive number of animism in its cult. Animism in Malaysian folk deities cult can categorize as animals cult, weapons cult, and trees cult. This article founds that Malaysia Tamils still follow animism in their folk deities cult until today.
Aryanization of Local art traditions: Research Study based on “Thillai Kali Thirunadanam”, A Written Text of Kooththu
Authors: Gowrieeswaran T 
Published: October 2021

The traditional art forms of tamils have the feature to sustain in the 21st century too. But the influence of Aryanization in the performing art traditions is considerable and questionable.
The local art traditions are used to socialize and root the ideologies of Aryanization among the local people. In particular, there are a considerable number of written texts composed in this regard.
In recent decades, the emergence of decolonization programs and the reformulation of performing art traditions questions the existing influence of ideologies of aryanization/ colonization and recreate the written and performing texts and insist on the importance of reformulation of traditional performing arts.
In this background the research study analyzes the manuscript of ‘ThillaiKalai Thirunadanam” composed by Mr. M. Elumalai (2002).
Life of Agricultural People in the ‘Chool’ Novel
Authors: Sathya Jothi K 
Published: October 2021

Anthropology plays a very important role in the fields of fully researching man. The main reason for this may be that anthropology reveals the biological norms and morals of man. Anthropological elements and theories play an important role in the modern world today. Among such novels Cho. Thurman’s Sahitya Academy Awardwinning novel `Chool’. The highlight of the day is to showcase the natural biology of the Karisal dialect agricultural people. Usually, the biography of agricultural people is centred on their land and land-based activities. Thus, the land-based activities of the Karisal land agrarian population are well documented today. This article is based on the anthropological study of the biographies of agricultural people such as occupations,beliefs, customs and rituals.
Biographies of Kollimalai People in ‘Sangam’ Novel
Authors: Ramu G 
Published: October 2021

Anthropology can be used to understand a race, its culture, its complete understanding of its species. Entitled ‘Biographies of Kollimalai People in ‘Sangam’ Novel’, this study examines the lives of Kollimalai people from an anthropological perspective. In the novel ‘Sangam’, this article examines the life style of the people of Kollimalai, their rituals, customs, medical system, restrictions imposed on them by the society, punishments given to those who violate those restrictions, and religious beliefs.
Queen Aadahasounthary with Three Breasts or the Third Breast Identified with Personalities
Authors: Jeyasankar Sivagnanam 
Published: October 2021

Myth of Queen with three breasts, Aadahasouthary of Batticaloa is an element in the history of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. Her faith is different from Saivism and later she adopted to Saivism because of her new partner Kulakottan, a South Indian prince enter into Eastern Part of Sri Lanka and engaged in constructing a temple for lord Sivan.
Queen aadahasounthary was angry with the intrusion and waged a war against the prince Kulakottan who was engaged in the temple construction without permission.
When the Queen met the prince her third breast was disappeared and she lost her valour and became a “conventional woman” and fell in love with the prince as mentioned to her by a sage.
Queen Aadahasounthary, now without the third breast lost herself and the place she managed once to her new guardian in the guise of a man king, prince kulakottan.
This paper discuss the politics of women body in the gaze of men and the new status of the Queen and the place she managed earlier in the hands of a man as husband as well as ruler.
The Novel ‘Ezharaippangali Vagaiyara’ from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology
Authors: Lakshmi G 
Published: October 2021

‘Culture’ is the gradual development of civilization in human society. Every society has its own behaviors according to its ethnicity. Elements of culture are found in everything from spoken language, relationship levels, artefacts, arts, professions, oral traditions, religious festivals, beliefs, and rituals. They have been quoted in the literature ever since. Thus many novels tell the life story of the Islamic people. In which s. Arshia’snovel ‘Ezharaippangali Vagaiyara’ is one of them. These novels, which focus on the life of the Islamic people, reveal the culture of that community. Cultural anthropology, a branch of anthropology, is at the forefront of this modern-day study. According to the semantic and non-material elements of ‘cultural anthropology’, research is carried out on the novel of the sevenfold genre. This study is based on the idea that one can know the culture of a society in terms of the principles stated by ‘cultural anthropology’.
Social Perception in Ingurunooru
Authors: Chandrasekaran M , Alibava U 
Published: October 2021

The Sangam Tamil Literature visualizes the oldtraditions of the Tamil Society. One of these descriptions in “Ingurunooru” suggests living of individuals and social biographies. Sangam pura poem’s depict events such as force, war, victory, fame and sangam aga poem’s describes on love life such as theft and chastity. The customsand interactions of the Thalaivan (Hero), Thalaivi (Heroine), Thozhi (Friend) based on the social community. And they are connected and controlled by the social events around them. Social Cognition is the physical appearance of other people, verbal, comments from nonverbal communications are also occurring. This article gives brief overview on social perception.
Charity Literatures are Friendly in the Way of Life
Authors: Nagarathinam K 
Published: October 2021

Whatever the virtues that man should follow, there is more to friendship than that. The way of literature shows that friendship is one of the essential traits in life. From antiquity to the present day the majority of literature has been subject to friendship. The fact that one cannot run without friendship is evident when one sees what one says better and deeper. The purpose of this article is to explore the importance of friendship in the context of life and to try to create an understanding of friendship in society.
Exorcism Rituals
Authors: Premkumar S 
Published: October 2021

The belief that nature and the spirits of dead humans, contrary to nature, haunt the living is prevalent. Man also worshiped these superstitions out of fear. Humans considered the spirits of the virtuous to be gods after death and the spirits of the wicked to attack and afflict people. Tolkappier points out that fear is one of the human emotions in numerical reality and is primarily one of the characteristics of women in particular. Based on such fears, they believed that the spirit of Theor was easily attacked by demons, demons, black snakes, etc., and could not bring various sufferings to women. Women believe in certain rituals to get rid of these. One of these is the ritual of exorcism with the priest. This article seeks to illustrate these rituals through a field study conducted at Kalikovil in Attupatti, near Vittal Nayakkan Patti, Dindigul District.
Magister vitae, patronus causae
Authors: Bonafina Paulo Vinícius Perez 
Published: October 2021

Apuleio de Madaura (124?-170? d.C.) após ser acusado judicialmente de ter usado a magia para seduzir sua esposa, proferiu o discurso conhecido como Apologia. Visto que as demais obras remanescentes desse autor romano do período antonino se referem, direta ou indiretamente, ao platonismo, procura-se, neste artigo, apreciar de que modo e com que efeitos também se identifica na Apologia alguma relação com os escritos de Platão. Nota-se, sobretudo, a elaboração de uma persona retórica baseada na figura de um filósofo acossado por perseguidores incultos, que faz da sua defesa uma defesa da filosofia. Para perceber com mais precisão tal persona filosófica, aborda-se a alusão aos diálogos e a outras obras tomadas como platônicas na argumentação de Apuleio, demonstrando a sua importância desse recurso no tratamento de temas como o amor, a magia e a religião.
Hubungan Demografi dan Komorbid dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat (TB RO)
Authors: Anisah Anisah , Sumekar Dyah Wulan , Budiarti Endang 
Published: October 2021

Pendahuluan: Kasus TB RO di Provinsi Lampung selalu mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun dengan total kasus sebanyak 87 kasus sampai dengan tahun 2020. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan demografi dan komorbid dengan kejadian TB RO. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional, dengan desain kasus kontrol. Total populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah sebanyak 925 orang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 51 orang yang terdiri dari kasus 17 dan control 34 atau dengan perbandingan 1:2. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah kejadian TB RO sedangkan variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah demografi yang meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pendapatan serta komorbid. Alat pengumpul data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data Rekam Medik (RM) yg ada di Puskesmas Kabupaten lampung Selatan. Analisis yang digunakan univariat menggunakan persentase dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan dengan kejadian TB RO di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan sedangkan variabel komorbid DM berhubungan dengan kejadian TB RO. Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara variable komorbid DM dengan kejadian TB RO