bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of dinoflagellate assemblages in coastal temperate and offshore tropical waters of Australia
Authors: Manning Tahnee , Thilagaraj Arjun Venkatesh , Mouradov Dmitri , Piola Richard , Grandison Clare , Gordon Matthew , Shimeta Jeff , Mouradov Aidyn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Dinoflagellates are a ubiquitous and ecologically important component of marine phytoplankton communities, with particularly notable species including those associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) and those that bioluminesce. High-throughput sequencing offers a novel approach compared to traditional microscopy for determining species assemblages and distributions of dinoflagellates, which are poorly known especially in Australian waters.

Results
We assessed the composition of dinoflagellate assemblages in two Australian locations: coastal temperate Port Phillip Bay and offshore tropical waters of Davies Reef (Great Barrier Reef). These locations differ in certain environmental parameters reflecting latitude as well as possible anthropogenic influences. Molecular taxonomic assessment revealed more species than traditional microscopy, and it showed statistically significant differences in dinoflagellate assemblages between locations. Bioluminescent species and known associates of HABs were present at both sites. Dinoflagellates in both areas were mainly represented by the order Gymnodiniales (66%—82% of total sequence reads). In the warm waters of Davies Reef, Gymnodiniales were equally represented by the two superclades, Gymnodiniales sensu stricto (33%) and Gyrodinium (34%). In contrast, in cooler waters of Port Phillip Bay, Gymnodiniales was mainly represented by Gyrodinium (82%). In both locations, bioluminescent dinoflagellates represented up to 0.24% of the total sequence reads, with Protoperidinium the most abundant genus. HAB-related species, mainly represented by Gyrodinium, were more abundant in Port Phillip Bay (up to 47%) than at Davies Reef (28%), potentially reflecting anthropogenic influence from highly populated and industrial areas surrounding the bay. The entire assemblage of dinoflagellates, as well as the subsets of HAB and bioluminescent species, were strongly correlated with water quality parameters (R2 = 0.56–0.92). Significant predictors differed between the subsets: HAB assemblages were explained by salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids; whereas, bioluminescent assemblages were explained only by salinity and dissolved oxygen, and had greater variability.

Conclusion
High-throughput sequencing and genotyping revealed greater diversity of dinoflagellate assemblages than previously known in both subtropical and temperate Australian waters. Significant correlations of assemblage structure with environmental variables suggest the potential for explaining the distribution and composition of both HAB species and bioluminescent species.
Quality of life and treatment satisfaction with pharmacological interventions in Chinese adults with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis
Authors: Xue Qingyun , Long Huibin , Lin Jianhao , Du Dongping , Zhou Jin , Chen Jinwei , li Shu , Zhang Yanlei , Cheng Yan , Ma Xiao , Zhang Zhiyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Aim of this multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and treatment satisfaction of current medications in Chinese knee OA patients.

Methods
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQM-1.4), and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) were assessed in total of 601 OA of knee patients. Impact on QoL (EQ-5D-5L) and treatment satisfaction (TSQM-1.4) by BPI-Severity score (< 4 and ≥ 4) were presented using mean standard deviations (SDs) and were compared using a t-test. For each of self-assessed health EQ-5D-5L and TSQM, a linear regression model was used to estimate the regression coefficient along with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for BPI-Severity.

Results
Mean score of EQ-5D-5L of patients with BPI-Severity ≥4 was significantly lower than those with BPI-Severity < 4. All the scores of TSQM in 4 dimensions were lower in patients with BPI-Severity ≥4 than in those with BPI-Severity < 4. Both HRQoL scores and TSQM scores showed a statistically significant decreasing trend with increasing BPI-Severity pain score.

Conclusion
Chronic knee OA pain has a significant impact on patients’ HRQoL. More severe patients with OA were less satisfied with current treatments.
The virtue of optimistic realism - expectation fulfillment predicts patient-rated global effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kästner Anne , Ng Kuet Leong Virginie S. C. , Petzke Frank , Budde Stefan , Przemeck Michael , Müller Martin , Erlenwein Joachim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence highlights the importance of preoperative expectations in predicting patient-reported outcomes of orthopedic surgeries. To date, it is still a matter of controversy whether patient satisfaction can be maximized by promoting either optimistic or realistic outcome expectations before surgery. Adjusting overly optimistic outcome expectancies in favor of a more realistic outlook on the limitations of total hip arthroplasty could reduce the risk of disappointment and lead to greater satisfaction with surgery outcomes. Our prospective cohort study was aimed at comparing the relative predictive influence of baseline expectations, expectation fulfillment and symptomatic improvement on the global effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty.

Methods
Ninety patients (49 female, 41 male; mean age: 63 ± 12.87 years) fulfilled inclusion criteria and completed a comprehensive preoperative assessment comprising sociodemographic, clinical, functional and psychological phenotypes. Moreover, the strengths of preoperative expectations for improvements in eight pain-related and functional domains were recorded on a 5-point Likert-scale. At 12 months after surgery, patients were asked to rate perceived improvements in each of these domains as well as the global effectiveness of the total hip replacement on a 5-point Likert-scale. To evaluate the relative impact of preoperative expectations, symptom improvement and the fulfillment of expectations on the global effectiveness of surgery, a sequential multiple regression analysis was performed.

Results
Compared with the actual improvement at 12-months follow-up, prior expectations had been overly optimistic in about 28% of patients for hip pain, in about 45% for walking ability and around 60% for back pain, independence in everyday life, physical exercise, general function social interactions and mental well-being. An optimistic hip pain expectation, walking ability at baseline and the fulfillment of expectations for walking ability, general function and independence in everyday life were found to independently predict global effectiveness ratings.

Conclusions
Positive expectation about pain and the fulfillment of expectations concerning functional domains predicted higher global effectiveness ratings. In line with many authors investigating the relationship between the fulfillment of expectations and satisfaction with medical interventions, we suggest that professionals should explicitly address their patients’ expectations during the preoperative education and consultation.
WOMAC score and arthritis diagnosis predict decreased agricultural productivity
Authors: Webber Eliza J. , Tran Tan , June Ronald , Healy Emily , Andrews Tara M. , Younkin Roubie , MacDonald Justin , Adams Erik S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundArthritis and joint pain are highly prevalent in agricultural (ag) workers. Many ag operations are sustained by a small number of workers, and the disability of even one worker thus contributes to economic hardship. This study investigated associations between joint health in Montana ag workers and economic well-being and work capacity.MethodsThis observational mixed-methods study utilized quantitative survey data and qualitative focus group data. 299 ranchers and farmers in 9 Montana counties completed either an online or paper survey that included participant demographics, joint symptoms, history of arthritis and arthritis type, financial status, work capacity, and the need to rely on others to complete one’s work. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC) survey was completed by those with hip or knee pain. Data were entered into REDCap v8.9.2 for analysis with SAS 9.4, using logistic and linear regression models to detect associations between covariables and to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Focus groups were held with ranchers in two Montana counties, discussing similar topics, and the themes expressed were identified.Results87.6% of survey respondents reported joint pain, 47.8% a diagnosis of arthritis, and 22.4% osteoarthritis (OA). A 10-point increase in WOMAC was significantly associated with lower work capacity (OR 2.00; 95% CI [1.58, 2.55],p < 0.01), worse financial condition (OR 1.23; 95% CI [1.01,1.48],p = 0.04), and increased reliance on others (OR 1.82; 95% CI [1.32, 2.55],p < 0.01). An arthritis diagnosis was associated with worsening work capacity (OR 4.66; 95% CI [2.71, 8.01],p < 0.01) and increased odds of relying on others (OR 3.23; 95% CI [1.56, 6.66],p < 0.01). A diagnosis of OA was significantly associated with decreased work capacity (OR 3.47; 95% CI [1.97, 6.11],p < 0.01). Unadjusted for age and BMI, we found a significant association between years spent working in agriculture and joint health, which became non-significant after adjusting for age and BMI. Focus group themes included decreased productivity with increased joint symptoms and a tendency for ranchers to avoid interaction with the health care system.ConclusionPoor joint health is associated with economic risk on Montana ranches and farms.
Complementary and alternative medicine - practice, attitudes, and knowledge among healthcare professionals in New Zealand: an integrative review
Authors: Liu Lizhou , Tang Yong , Baxter G. David , Yin Haiyan , Tumilty Steve 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of CAM use is increasing. This integrative review investigated New Zealand healthcare professionals’ practice of, attitudes toward, and knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Methods
Literature search was conducted in four databases from inception to April 2020. Studies were included if they reported results from primary data collection on practice of, attitudes toward, or knowledge about CAM amongst New Zealand healthcare professionals.

Results
Eleven studies (two of ‘high-quality’, seven of ‘moderate-quality’, and two of ‘low-quality’) were identified with 2060 healthcare professionals including general practitioners (GPs), nurses, midwives, pharmacists, physiotherapists, and medical specialists. New Zealand healthcare professionals were generally positive regarding CAM use, but have concerns on the scientific evidence, regulation, safety, financial costs of CAM, and encourage an evidence-based CAM practice and stronger CAM regulation. Findings indicated that around 25% of GPs practise CAM, and 82.3% refer patients to CAM practitioners. When treating pregnant women, 48.4% of physiotherapists practise acupuncture, and 37.3% of midwives recommend CAM. GPs believe that acupuncture is the most helpful CAM modality, and most commonly practiced and referred patients to acupuncture. Up to 58% of GPs and Plunket nurses wanted to receive further education on CAM, and up to 66.7% GPs favour the idea CAM should be included in medical curriculums.

Conclusions
Nine of the 11 included studies were of moderate to high quality, thus enhancing the reliability of the review findings. In order to better manage CAM in New Zealand New Zealand clinical settings, there is a need to invest in CAM research and education, and enhance CAM regulation. This review is a first step in developing an evidence base to offer insights for further development of effective CAM policies regarding safety, efficacy, regulation and integration in New Zealand.
Tibial torsion analysis in computed tomography: development and validation of a real 3D measurement technique
Authors: Hoch Armando , Roth Tabitha , Marcon Magda , Fürnstahl Philipp , Fucentese Sandro F. , Sutter Reto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposePathological tibial torsion is known to negatively influence the functionality of the lower extremity, and therefore, its assessment might play an important role. While 3D imaging is used for many examinations of the musculoskeletal system, for the determination of tibial torsion no 3D measurement technique has been available so far. We developed a 3D measurement method and assess its interobserver reliability as well as its correlation with standard 2D measurement methods.MethodsCT scans of 82 tibiae in 79 patients with a mean age of 41 years were included. A novel 3D measurement technique was developed and applied. Measurements were compared with two frequently used 2D measurement methods. ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) for the new technique was determined and compared to the 2D measurement method. Furthermore, differences between left and right legs as well as between males and females were assessed.ResultsThe ICC for the 2D methods was 0.917 and 0.938, respectively. For the 3D measurements, ICCs were calculated to be 0.954 and 0.950. Agreement between 2 and 3D methods was moderate to good with ICCs between 0.715 and 0.795. Torsion values for left and right legs did not differ significantly in 2D and in 3D (26.2 vs 28.5° and 27.2 vs. 25.9°). The same is true for the differences between male and female in 2D and 3D (26.2 vs. 29.6° and 25.0 vs. 31.2°).ConclusionThe newly developed 3D measurement technique shows a high intraclass agreement and offers an applicable opportunity to assess the tibial torsion three-dimensionally.
Silencing Smad7 potentiates BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation and inhibits endochondral ossification in human synovial-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Xiao Pengcheng , Zhu Zhenglin , Du Chengcheng , Zeng Yongsheng , Liao Junyi , Cheng Qiang , Chen Hong , Zhao Chen , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a promising chondrogenic growth factor for cartilage tissue-engineering, but it also induces robust endochondral ossification. Human synovial-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hSMSCs) have attracted great interest due to their poor potential for differentiation into osteogenic lineages. Smad7 plays a significant in the endochondral ossification. In this study, we explored a new method to amplify the BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSCs by downregulating Smad7 and applying a cellular scaffold.

Methods
hSMSCs were isolated from human knee joint synovium from 3 donors through adhesion growth. In vitro and in vivo models of the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSCs were established. Transgenic expression of BMP2 and silencing of Smad7 and Smad7 was achieved by adenoviral vectors. The osteogenic differentiation was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and RT-PCR analysis of the osteogenic genes RUNX2, Osterix, and Osteocalcin. The chondrogenic differentiation was detected by Alcian blue staining and RT-PCR analysis of the chondrogenic genes SOX9, COL2, and aggrecan. Hypertrophic differentiation was detected by the markers COL10 and MMP13. A subcutaneous stem cell implantation model was established with polyethylene glycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide (PPCN) scaffolds and athymic nude mice (3/group, 4–6 week-old female) and evaluated by micro-CT, H&E staining, and Alcian blue staining. An immunohistochemistry assay was used to detected COL1 and COL2, and an immunofluorescence assay was used to detect COL10 and MMP13.

Results
These hSMSCs identified by flow cytometry. These hSMSCs exhibited lower osteo-differentiation potential than iMads and C3H10T1/2-cells. When Smad7 was silenced in BMP2-induced hSMSCs, the chondrogenic differentiation genes SOX9, COL2, and aggrecan were enhanced in vitro. Additionally, it silencing Smad7 led to a decrease in the hypertrophic differentiation genes COL10 and MMP13. In subcutaneous stem cell implantation assays, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that silencing Smad7 increased the number of COL2-positive cells and decreased the expression of COL1, COL10, and MMP13.

Conclusion
This study suggests that the application of hSMSCs, cell scaffolds, and silencing Smad7 can potentiate BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation and inhibit endochondral ossification. Thus, inhibiting the expression of Smad7 in BMP2-induced hSMSC differentiation may be a new strategy for cartilage tissue-engineering.
Comparison of 6-[18F]FDOPA PET with Nigrosome 1 detection in patients with parkinsonism
Authors: Michler Enrico , Kaiser Daniel , Eleftheriadou Kiriaki , Falkenburger Björn , Kotzerke Jörg , Hoberück Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The functional 6-[18F]FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET) can be a helpful tool in differentiating parkinsonism with dopaminergic deficiency from clinically similar differential diagnoses. Furthermore, in T2*/susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences the structural integrity of the Nigrosome 1 (N1) can be assessed by checking the presence of the swallow tail sign (STS). We therefore retrospectively compared the performance of the 6-[18F]FDOPA PET with the N1 detection in patients suspected with parkinsonian diseases. Forty-three consecutive patients (m: 23, f: 20, mean age: 63 ± 12 years) were included in the study. They underwent clinically indicated 6-[18F]FDOPA PET/MRI scans as part of their neurological evaluation of uncertain parkinsonian syndromes. Visual and semi-quantitative PET imaging results were statistically compared with visual N1 assessment on 3 T SWI. As the gold standard, we defined the clinical diagnosis at the last follow-up, which included idiopathic Parkinson syndrome (IPS; n = 18), atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS; n = 9) and other neurological diseases without dopaminergic deficit (n = 16).

Results
Thirty-five of 43 patients (81%, Kappa 0.611) had corresponding results in 6-[18F]FDOPA PET and SWI. Seven of the remaining 8 patients were correctly diagnosed by 6-[18F]FDOPA PET alone. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for 6-[18F]FDOPA and N1 imaging were 93%, 94%, 93% and 82%, 75%, 79%, respectively.

Conclusions
6-[18F]FDOPA PET and Nigrosome 1 evaluation had an overall good intermodality agreement. Diagnostic agreement was very good in cases of clinically suspected idiopathic Parkinson syndrome and fair in atypical parkinsonian syndromes, but poor in patients with non-parkinsonian disorders. 6-[18F]FDOPA PET showed higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in discriminating parkinsonian syndromes from non-parkinsonian disorders than the N1 evaluation. In summary, the additional benefit of N1 assessment in patients with APS or parkinsonism without dopaminergic deficit needs to be proven by prospective studies.
Grocery food taxes and U.S. county obesity and diabetes rates
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Zheng Yuqing , Buck Steven , Dong Diansheng , Kaiser Harry M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Grocery food taxes represent a stable tax revenue stream for state and municipal government during times of adverse economic shocks such as that observed under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Previous research, however, suggests a possible mechanism through which grocery taxes may adversely affect health. Our objectives are to document the spatial and temporal variation in grocery taxes and to empirically examine the statistical relationship between county-level grocery taxes and obesity and diabetes.

Methods
We collect and assemble a novel national dataset of annual county and state-level grocery taxes from 2009 through 2016. We link this data to three-year, county-level estimates based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on rates of obesity and diabetes and provide a nation-wide spatial characterization of grocery taxes and these two health outcomes. Using a county-level fixed effects estimator, we estimate the effect of grocery taxes on obesity and diabetes rates, also controlling for a subset of potential confounders that vary over time.

Results
We find a 1 percentage point increase in grocery taxes is associated with 0.588 and 0.215 percentage point increases in the county-level obesity and diabetes rates.

Conclusion
Counties with grocery taxes have increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes. We estimate the economic burden of increased obesity and diabetes rates resulting from grocery taxes to be $5.9 billion. Based on this estimate, the benefit-cost ratio of removing grocery taxes across the United States only considering the effects on obesity and diabetes rates is 1.90.
Magnetic-driven dynamic culture promotes osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell
Authors: Hao Mengyang , Xiong Minghao , Liu Yangyang , Tan Wen-song , Cai Haibo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffective nutrient transport and appropriate mechanical stimulation play important roles in production of tissue-engineered bone grafts. In this study, an experimental set-up for magnetic-driven dynamic culture of cells was designed to mimic the microenvironment of the bone tissue. Here, its ability to contribute to osteogenic differentiation was investigated by inoculating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) on magnetic scaffolds. The cytocompatibility of the developed magnetic scaffolds was verified for HUMSCs. Magnetic scaffolds seeded with HUMSCs were exposed to magnetic fields. The results showed that magnetic fields did not affect cell activity and promoted HUMSCs osteogenic differentiation. The magnetic scaffolds were magnetically driven for dynamic culture in the experimental set-up to evaluate the influence of HUMSCs osteoblast differentiation. The results indicated that magnetic-driven dynamic culture increased cell alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p < 0.05) and calcium release (p < 0.05) compared with static culture. The effect was demonstrated in the expression of bone-associated genes. Overall, this study showed that magnetic-driven dynamic culture is a promising tool for regenerative bone engineering.