bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical education teacher motivation: A conceptual review and reconceptualisation
Authors: Zhang Tan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccomplishing the goal of physical education requires a motivated teaching force. The goals of this article are to (a) provide a theoretical perspective that physical education teacher motivation is contextually constructed in close relation with their job demands and recourses, and (b) articulate a reconceptualised theoretical platform for future research based on the theoretical perspectives of extrinsic motivation and the job demand–job resource model. A literature search was conducted and followed by a conceptual review of theory‐driven, data‐based studies on physical education teacher motivation. The review has established a need to reconceptualise and consolidate the theoretical perspectives to enhance future research. The review outcome also suggests that examining the psychological and behavioural processes that influence physical education teacher motivation needs to incorporate an ecological perspective that assists in identifying and clarifying the sources of motivation and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Based on the review and critique, I further articulate the implications, argue for the need of reconceptualising physical education teacher motivation research, and propose an alternative theoretical framework integrating the external‐regulation motivation and the job demand–job resource model for the future research. The proposed framework provides a conceptual lens that enables researchers to connect physical education teacher motivation to their job environment in future research.
Context and implicationRationale for this studyBy delineating current motivation theoretical perspectives, the study argues that physical education teacher motivation can (and should) be considered extrinsic and the external‐regulation framework (Deci & Ryan, 1985) should be adopted as an effective framework to study teacher motivation.Why the new findings matterThe study proposes and discusses an alternative conceptual framework that combines external‐regulation and job‐demands/resources perspectives for future research on teacher motivation.Implications for educational researchers and policy makersThe proposed framework provides a conceptual lens that enables researchers to connect physical education teacher motivation to their job environment in future research.
A controlled clinical trial comparing potent progestins, LNG‐IUS and dienogest, for the treatment of women with adenomyosis
Authors: Ota Ikuko , Taniguchi Fuminori , Ota Yoshiaki , Nagata Hiroki , Wada Ikumi , Nakaso Takaya , Ikebuchi Ai , Sato Eri , Azuma Yukihiro , Harada Tasuku 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of two progestins, levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) and dienogest (DNG), for adenomyosis.MethodsThis study enrolled 157 women with adenomyosis, randomized to either LNG‐IUS (n = 76) or DNG (n = 81) groups as a controlled clinical trial for 72 months. Participants were classified by three different localizations of adenomyosis: diffuse, focal, and extrinsic. VAS (Visual analog scale) score, days, and amount of uterine bleeding were assessed. Uterine volume or bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by three‐dimensional ultrasonography or dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsLNG‐IUS and DNG comparably reduced pain scores in patients with adenomyosis. With regard to pain control, DNG offered greater efficacy than LNG‐IUS in 3 months of treatment. In all types of adenomyosis, the days of bleeding after 12 months with DNG were significantly decreased compared to those with LNG‐IUS. The decrease of whole uterine body was transient in any subtypes. A comparable decrease in BMD due to age‐related changes in both groups was observed.ConclusionsLNG‐IUS and DNG could be useful for long‐term management of adenomyosis. In terms of durations of uterine bleeding, DNG was superior to LNG‐IUS for 6 years.
Ersatzneubau Strombrückenzug Magdeburg – Entwurf, Konstruktion und Ausführung (Teil 1)
Authors: Burgard Stefan , Eins Karsten , Anistoroaiei Christian , Hamsch Volker 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDas Vorhaben „Ersatzneubau Strombrückenzug“ soll die vorhandene Brückenverbindung der bestehenden Anna‐Ebert‐Brücke ersetzen. Diese weist aufgrund des Hochwassers 2013 und gemäß aktueller Gutachten einen irreversiblen und nicht reparablen statischen Totalschaden auf und muss zwingend umgehend und schnellstmöglich durch den Ersatzneubau entlastet werden. Weiterhin haben die Hochwasserereignisse 2002 und 2013 gezeigt, dass der bestehende Verkehrszug über die Anna‐Ebert‐Brücke als Evakuierungsverbindung im Gefahrenfall nicht mehr genutzt werden kann. Insofern ist auch aus diesem Grund die Wiederherstellung einer leistungsfähigen Brückenverbindung im Sinne des Zivilschutzes zwingend und kurzfristig geboten. Herzstück der innerstädtischen Neubauplanung aus zwei Brückenbauwerken und sechs Knotenpunkten ist die Schrägseilbrücke über die Alte Elbe.
Investigation of the strut‐and‐tie model of a two‐plane cable‐stayed bridge tower under vertical component of the cable force
Authors: Li Shengyu , Hong Yu , Huang Shengqian , Pu Qianhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe geometry and mechanical behavior of concrete bridge towers are complex. Hence, it is important to generate a rational mechanical analysis model for structural design. The method of strut‐and‐tie models (STMs) is an effective way to analyze disturbed regions (D‐regions) such as the anchorage zones of cables in bridge towers. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the elastic stress distribution on the bridge tower of a cable‐stayed bridge with two cable planes. The vertical component of the stay cable force was considered for the analysis. Additionally, two different STMs of the bridge tower were developed with the load path method using different horizontal spacings of the stay cables. Based on the minimum energy principle, the optimal STMs of the two different STMs were generated. A detailed calculation method for the configuration of the optimal STMs is presented. In the paper, computational expressions of the internal force for the tie members in the two STMs are also proposed. Overall, this study demonstrated the strong applicability of the proposed STMs for a bridge tower in a cable‐stayed bridge with two cable planes. This can be considered an effective simplified method in the structural design of bridge towers. Furthermore, the study established that the influence of the horizontal distance between stay cables on the mechanical response‐behavior of the structure should be considered in the design of concrete bridge towers.
A radiolucent bronchial foreign body in a two‐ and a half‐month‐old Labrador Retriever with acute onset respiratory distress
Authors: Chang Chee‐Hoon , Patterson Carly 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA two‐ and a half‐month‐old intact male Labrador Retriever was presented to the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for acute onset respiratory distress with concern for a potential foreign body. Upon intake by the emergency service, the puppy was exhibiting expiratory dyspnoea. Radiographs revealed marked gas distension of the oesophagus and stomach. No radiopaque foreign bodies were identified. Bronchoscopy revealed a dark brown foreign body in the right middle lobe bronchus. The foreign material was pliable and crumbled upon removal attempts with a snare retrieval device. The majority of the foreign body was removed en masse; it most closely resembled faecal material. Three‐view thoracic radiographs performed 1 day post‐endoscopy revealed aspiration pneumonia. The dog was discharged from the hospital with doxycycline, and the pneumonia was nearly resolved at the 1‐week recheck. The dog was sent home with another 2 weeks of doxycycline and made a full recovery at home.
Fathers and Family Leave Policies: What Public Policy Can Do to Support Families
Authors: Koslowski Alison , O’Brien Margaret 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are various types of family leave available to fathers across and within countries. The specific design features of family leave policies are associated with how well used they are by fathers, and the key features associated with higher take up by fathers are presented here. There is an emerging literature on the various impacts of fathers on leave in relation to factors such as family health and well-being and gender equality in the labour market. In particular, fathers and family leave are important for a good quality of infant life. Finally, the chapter considers ways in which employers can support fathers in the workplace to take leave, in light of the range of associated benefits.
Individual Parental Leave for Fathers: Promoting Gender Equality in Norway
Authors: Kvande Elin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter takes as its point of departure the design elements of the Norwegian parental leave system for fathers and examines how it works as a regulatory measure to promote equality in care work. The findings show that the design of the father’s quota as a statutory, earmarked, and non-transferrable right for fathers promotes the fathers’ use of leave and hence equality. The earmarking, and the fact that it cannot be transferred to the mother, renders it unnecessary for fathers to negotiate with the mother about this leave. The father’s quota is also an important bargaining chip in relation to working life for having time off for doing care-work. These findings support other research on fathers’ use of leave which have shown that these design characteristics of father’s quota represents a strong incentive for greater involvement in caregiving on the part of fathers.
FOTV: A Generic Device Offloading Framework for OpenMP
Authors: Vazquez Jose Luis , Sanchez Pablo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the introduction of the “target” directive in the 4.0 specification, the usage of OpenMP for heterogeneous computing programming has increased significantly. However, the compiler support limits its usage because the code for the accelerated region has to be generated in compile time. This restricts the usage of accelerator-specific design flows (e.g. FPGA hardware synthesis) and the support of new devices that typically requires extending and modifying the compiler itself.This paper explores a solution to these limitations: a generic device that is supported by the OpenMP compiler but whose functionality is defined at runtime. The generic device framework has been integrated in an OpenMP compiler (LLVM/Clang). It acts as a device type for the compiler and interfaces with the physical devices to execute the accelerated code. The framework has an API that provides support for new devices and accelerated code without additional OpenMP compiler modifications. It also includes a code generator that extracts the source code of OpenMP target regions for external compilation chains.In order to evaluate the approach, we present a new device implementation that allows executing OpenCL code as an OpenMP target region. We study the overhead that the framework produces and show that it is minimal and comparable to other OpenMP devices.
Foresight in Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Threats
Authors: Nelson Cassidy , Adiguzel Ilker , Florin Marie-Valentine , Lentzos Filippa , Knutsson Rickard , Rhodes Catherine , Rutten Paul , Vergin Annika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRapid developments in the fields of synthetic biology and biotechnology have caused shifts in the biological risk landscape and are key drivers of future threats. From a security perspective, extending our understanding beyond current risks to include emerging threats in these and related fields can play a vital role in informing risk mitigation activities. Insights that are generated can be combined with other efforts to identify vulnerabilities and prevent undesirable outcomes. Emerging risks that may occur at some point in the future are inherently difficult to assess, requiring a systematic approach to examining potential threats. Foresight is a process to consider possible future scenarios. Comprising a range of methods and techniques, foresight processes can offer novel insights into emerging synthetic biology and biotechnology threats.This chapter offers an introduction to foresight, including definitions of key terms that could support a shared lexicon across NATO partners. An overview of different foresight methodologies, their potential applications, and different strengths and limitations are presented. As a key first step, an approach to selecting appropriate questions to guide foresight activities is suggested. Example questions for synthetic biology and biotechnology are highlighted. At the end of the chapter, the authors offer recommendations for the design of a foresight process, with the intention of providing a useable resource for NATO partners investigating emerging synthetic biology and biotechnology threats.
Promoting Effective Biosecurity Governance: Using Tripwires to Anticipate and Ameliorate Potentially Harmful Development Trends
Authors: Trump Benjamin D. , Galaitsi Stephanie , Pollock Miriam , Volk Kaitlin M. , Linkov Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynthetic biology is a new, rapidly growing interdisciplinary field which seeks to use engineering techniques to alter and construct new biological components, devices, and systems. The rate of synthetic biology development and research has increased over the past two decades in both industry and academia (Ahteensuu 2017). Applications include medicine (new vaccines, delivery of therapeutics, and treatments), energy (biofuels), environmental remediation, food production, and general industry (detergents, adhesives, perfumes) (Evans and Selgelid 2015; Gronvall 2015). While synthetic biology heralds advances in these fields, its techniques could also be adapted for malicious purposes and used by terrorist organizations, rogue actors, or hostile nations to create dangerous pathogens, invasive organisms, or other disruptive biological agents (Yeh et al. 2012). Such potential makes synthetic biology a dual-use research area of concern (DURC) as the same techniques can be used to benefit or harm people, animals, environments, technology, or nations (Getz and Dellaire 2018). To cope with threats arising from synthetic biology’s dual-use nature, biosecurity is needed to prevent, detect, and attribute biological attacks.
Emerging Biosecurity Threats and Responses: A Review of Published and Gray Literature
Authors: Cummings Christopher L. , Volk Kaitlin M. , Ulanova Anna A. , Lam Do Thuy Uyen Ha , Ng Pei Rou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe field of biotechnology has been rigorously researched and applied to many facets of everyday life. Biotechnology is defined as the process of modifying an organism or a biological system for an intended purpose. Biotechnology applications range from agricultural crop selection to pharmaceutical and genetic processes (Bauer and Gaskell 2002). The definition, however, is evolving with recent scientific advancements. Until World War II, biotechnology was primarily siloed in agricultural biology and chemical engineering. The results of this era included disease-resistant crops, pesticides, and other pest-controlling tools (Verma et al. 2011). After WWII, biotechnology began to shift domains when advanced research on human genetics and DNA started. In 1984, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was formerly proposed, which initiated the pursuit to decode the human genome by the private and academic sectors. The legacy of the project gave rise to ancillary advancements in data sharing and open-source software, and solidified the prominence of “big science;” solidifying capital-intensive large-scale private-public research initiatives that were once primarily under the purview of government-funded programs (Hood and Rowen 2013). After the HGP, the biotechnology industry boomed as a result of dramatic cost reduction to DNA sequencing processes. In 2019 the industry was globally estimated to be worth $449.06 billion and is projected to increase in value (Polaris 2020).
Biological Standards and Biosecurity: The Unexplored Link
Authors: Porcar Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe issue of standardisation in Synthetic Biology has important implications at both the technical and governance levels. At the former, standardisation in biology (a still-ongoing process) is expected to exponentially increase the potential of synthetic biology by democratising, easing and expanding our ability to engineer life. Indeed, it has to be stressed that Synthetic Biology is -or at least aims at being- a fully engineering discipline. And engineering, from industrial to electronics, largely relies on standards. A standard is a part, piece, device or procedure with well-established properties, and which can reliably be used in a broad range of industrial applications. Standards are often considered as universal components, in such a way that their constant properties allow a world-wide use. A well-known example of standard parts are nuts and bolts. Indeed, the onset of the industrial revolution was associated with a bloom of different designs of nuts and bolts, with different sizes and thread pitch. It soon became obvious that a standardisation of nuts and bolts was required: standard nuts and bolts were born. But what about Synthetic Biology?
Addressing Emerging Synthetic Biology Threats: The Role of Education and Outreach in Fostering Effective Bottom-Up Grassroots Governance
Authors: Novossiolova Tatyana , Kuiken Todd , DeCoste Jared , Henry Luc , Malsch Ineke , Merad Myriam , Newman Carl , Patterson Wallace , Waskow Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter seeks to examine the role of the synthetic biology community in strengthening biosafety and biosecurity and safeguarding synthetic biology against accidental and deliberate misuse. It argues that biosafety and biosecurity education, awareness-raising, and outreach are essential for fostering effective bottom-up (self-governance) approaches for biosafety and biosecurity risk management. The chapter provides an overview of the structure of the synthetic biology community underscoring its complexity in terms of professional interdisciplinarity, stakeholder diversity, and fluidity, i.e. professional and non-professional actors moving from one context to another over time. It then examines the prevalent perceptions and framing of biosafety and biosecurity risks within the synthetic biology community, in order to identify options for enhancing stakeholder engagement and leveraging the diversity of expertise within the synthetic biology community for promoting responsible research and innovation practices. The conclusion outlines a summary of the key findings in this chapter.
Drell-Yan angular lepton distributions at small x from TMD factorization.
Authors: Balitsky Ian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Drell-Yan process is studied in the framework of TMD factorization in the Sudakov region s » Q2 » $$ {q}_{\perp}^2 $$

q
⊥
2

corresponding to recent LHC experiments with Q2 of order of mass of Z-boson and transverse momentum of DY pair ∼ few tens GeV. The DY hadronic tensors are expressed in terms of quark and quark-gluon TMDs with $$ \frac{1}{Q^2} $$

1

Q
2

and $$ \frac{1}{N_c^2} $$

1

N
c
2

accuracy. It is demonstrated that in the leading order in Nc the higher-twist quark-quark-gluon TMDs reduce to leading-twist TMDs due to QCD equation of motion. The resulting hadronic tensors depend on two leading-twist TMDs: f1 responsible for total DY cross section, and Boer-Mulders function $$ {h}_1^{\perp } $$

h
1
⊥

. The corresponding qualitative and semi-quantitative predictions seem to agree with LHC data on five angular coefficients A0− A4 of DY pair production. The remaining three coefficients A5− A7 are determined by quark-quark-gluon TMDs multiplied by extra $$ \frac{1}{N_c} $$

1

N
c

so they appear to be relatively small in accordance with LHC results.
Positive effect of colors and art in patient rooms on patient recovery after total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Eminovic Sandra , Vincze Gabor , Fink Andrea , Fischerauer Stefan F. , Sadoghi Patrick , Leithner Andreas , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Tscheliessnigg Karlheinz , Bernhardt Gerwin A. 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Background
Environmental stimuli and well-being are considered to be significant factors in patients’ rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of colors and art in hospital rooms on patients’ recovery after total hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods
We performed a prospective randomized, controlled study including 80 patients. The intervention group was randomized to colored patient rooms while the control group received medical care in conventional patient rooms. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively (3 and 6 days after operation). We measured mood, anxiety and depression, quality of life (QOL) and pain.

Results
Significantly better QOL summary scores were measured in the intervention group (6 days postoperative) compared to the control group (physical component summary score 37.1 ± 5.0 vs. 34.1 ± 6.7; p = 0.029 and mental component summary score 51.6 ± 6.6 vs. 47.2 ± 8.4; p = 0.015). Postoperatively, we found decreased total mood scores in both groups showing better results for the intervention group without significant differences (p = 0.353; p = 0.711).

Conclusion
The use of colors in hospital rooms is an effective intervention to improve well-being and to enhance faster rehabilitation. We could demonstrate a positive effect of colors on patients’ postoperative QOL.
Pentacene in 1,3,5-Tri(1-naphtyl)benzene: A Novel Standard for Transient EPR Spectroscopy at Room Temperature
Authors: Schröder Mirjam , Rauber Daniel , Matt Clemens , Kay Christopher W. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTesting and calibrating an experimental setup with standard samples is an essential aspect of scientific research. Single crystals of pentacene in p-terphenyl are widely used for this purpose in transient electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, this sample is not without downsides: the crystals need to be grown and the EPR transitions only appear at particular orientations of the crystal with respect to the external magnetic field. An alternative host for pentacene is the glass-forming 1,3,5-tri(1-naphtyl)benzene (TNB). Due to the high glass transition point of TNB, an amorphous glass containing randomly oriented pentacene molecules is obtained at room temperature. Here we demonstrate that pentacene dissolved in TNB gives a typical “powder-like” transient EPR spectrum of the triplet state following pulsed laser excitation. From the two-dimensional data set, it is straightforward to obtain the zero-field splitting parameters and relative populations by spectral simulation as well as the $$B_{1}$$

B
1

field in the microwave resonator. Due to the simplicity of preparation, handling and stability, this system is ideal for adjusting the laser beam with respect to the microwave resonator and for introducing students to transient EPR spectroscopy.