bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of three strategies to reduce the burden of osteoarthritis: A population-based microsimulation study
Authors: Kopec Jacek A. , Sayre Eric C. , Okhmatovskaia Anya , Cibere Jolanda , Li Linda C. , Bansback Nick , Wong Hubert , Ghanbarian Shahzad , Esdaile John M. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to compare three strategies for reducing population health burden of osteoarthritis (OA): improved pharmacological treatment of OA-related pain, improved access to joint replacement surgery, and prevention of OA by reducing obesity and overweight.

Methods
We applied a validated computer microsimulation model of OA in Canada. The model simulated a Canadian-representative open population aged 20 years and older. Variables in the model included demographics, body mass index, OA diagnosis, OA treatment, mortality, and health-related quality of life. Model parameters were derived from analyses of national surveys, population-based administrative data, a hospital-based cohort study, and the literature. We compared 8 what-if intervention scenarios in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) relative to base-case, over a wide range of time horizons.

Results
Reductions in DALYs depended on the type of intervention, magnitude of the intervention, and the time horizon. Medical interventions (a targeted increase in the use of painkillers) tended to produce effects quickly and were, therefore, most effective over a short time horizon (a decade). Surgical interventions (increased access to joint replacement) were most effective over a medium time horizon (two decades or longer). Preventive interventions required a substantial change in BMI to generate a significant impact, but produced more reduction in DALYs than treatment strategies over a very long time horizon (several decades).

Conclusions
In this population-based modeling study we assessed the potential impact of three different burden reduction strategies in OA. Data generated by our model may help inform the implementation of strategies to reduce the burden of OA in Canada and elsewhere.
Physical and psychological health at adolescence and home care use later in life
Authors: Bijwaard Govert E. , Alessie Rob , Angelini Viola , Lumey L. H. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
To examine the relation between physical and psychological health indicators at adolescence (age 18) and household, personal, and nursing home care use later in life at ages 57–69 years.

Methods
Using medical examinations on men born in 1944–1947 who were evaluated for military service at age 18 in the Netherlands, we link physical and psychological health assessments to national administrative microdata on the use of home care services at ages 57–69 years. We postulate a panel probit model for home care use over these years. In the analyses, we account for selective survival through correlated panel probit models.

Results
Poor mental health and being overweight at age 18 are important predictors of later life home care use. Home care use at ages 57–69 years is also highly related to and interacts with father’s socioeconomic status and recruits’ education at age 18.

Discussion
Specific health characteristics identified at age 18 are highly related to the later utilization of home-care at age 57–69 years. Some characteristics may be amenable to early life health interventions to decrease the future costs of long-term home care.
From military hero to martyr: crafting singularity and the formation of Muslim collective subjectivity in an Iranian statist ritual
Authors: Chavoshian Sana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The staging of the funeral procession of Major General Qasem Soleimani (d. 3 January 2020) strengthened the Iranian state’s legitimation amidst the crisis related to intensified US sanctions. Images of his funeral parade across the country with its dense mourning crowd were circulated widely and commented on in both Iran’s official media and the international media. In response to these images, media commentaries engaged obsessively and exclusively with the biographical reviews that emphasised his heroic individuality and charismatic figure. This article engages critically with these reactions, while asking instead what his funeral tells us about the unfolding of the statist cult in Iran. I analyse two ethnographic scenes, one showing the entanglement of the official discourse of martyrdom with the statist culture, and the other, how the atmosphere of grief and veneration during the martyrs’ funeral processions unsettle the dichotomies between compliance and resistance, orchestrated and emergent affects. These observations open a new vista on the mutual processes of singularity and the collective subjectivation that goes beyond one-sided causal explanations of heroic individuality on the one hand and blatantly dramatised expressions of the state’s religious policies on the other.
Ultrasound-assisted l-cysteine whole-cell bioconversion by recombinant Escherichia coli with tryptophan synthase
Authors: Xu Lisheng , Wu Furu , Li Tingting , Zhang Xingtao , Chen Qiong , Jiang Bianling , Xia Qiuxia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

l-Cysteine is widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics. In this study, a recombinant Escherichia coli whole-cell system with tryptophan synthase was used to complete the biological transformation of l-serine to l-cysteine, and bioconversion of l-cysteine was investigated by tryptophan synthase. The biotransformation of l-cysteine was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions obtained are 0.13 mol·L−1
l-serine, 75 min, 130 W ultrasound operation, where the V
max of tryptophan synthase is 25.27 ± 0.16 (mmol·h−1·(g-cells)−1). The V
max of tryptophan synthase for the biosynthesis without ultrasound is 12.91 ± 0.34 (mmol·h−1·(g-cells)−1). Kinetic analysis of the recombinant Escherichia coli whole-cell system with tryptophan synthase also showed that under the ultrasound treatment, the K
m values of l-cysteine biosynthesis increase from 1.342 ± 0.11 mM for the shaking biotransformation to 2.555 ± 0.13 mM for ultrasound operation. The yield of l-cysteine reached 91% after 75 min of treatment after 130 W ultrasound, which is 1.9-fold higher than no ultrasound.
Solidification microstructure characteristics of Cu–Pb alloy by ECP treatment
Authors: Ma Teng , Sun Xiaosi , Ning Yanan , Hao Weixin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effects of high-density electric current pulse (ECP) treatment on the solidification of Cu–37.4 wt% Pb monotectic alloy melt were investigated. Compared to the method of molten glass purification combined with cyclic superheating, ECP treatment created finer microstructures of Cu–Pb alloys, with more homogeneous distribution of the Pb phase in the matrix. This phenomenon can be explained by the cluster theory for liquid metals and the non-equilibrium diffusion theory. First, ECP treatment could cause the fission of larger atomic clusters to increase the undercooling that enabled a large number of smaller clusters to grow and reach the critical nucleation radius. Second, ECP treatment could reduce the diffusion energy barrier to enhance the non-equilibrium diffusion of solute atoms and suppress the segregation of Pb.
Evaluation of several initialization methods on arithmetic optimization algorithm performance
Authors: Agushaka Jeffrey O. , Ezugwu Absalom E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) is one of the recently proposed population-based metaheuristic algorithms. The algorithmic design concept of the AOA is based on the distributive behavior of arithmetic operators, namely, multiplication (M), division (D), subtraction (S), and addition (A). Being a new metaheuristic algorithm, the need for a performance evaluation of AOA is significant to the global optimization research community and specifically to nature-inspired metaheuristic enthusiasts. This article aims to evaluate the influence of the algorithm control parameters, namely, population size and the number of iterations, on the performance of the newly proposed AOA. In addition, we also investigated and validated the influence of different initialization schemes available in the literature on the performance of the AOA. Experiments were conducted using different initialization scenarios and the first is where the population size is large and the number of iterations is low. The second scenario is when the number of iterations is high, and the population size is small. Finally, when the population size and the number of iterations are similar. The numerical results from the conducted experiments showed that AOA is sensitive to the population size and requires a large population size for optimal performance. Afterward, we initialized AOA with six initialization schemes, and their performances were tested on the classical functions and the functions defined in the CEC 2020 suite. The results were presented, and their implications were discussed. Our results showed that the performance of AOA could be influenced when the solution is initialized with schemes other than default random numbers. The Beta distribution outperformed the random number distribution in all cases for both the classical and CEC 2020 functions. The performance of uniform distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Latin hypercube sampling, and Sobol low discrepancy sequence are relatively competitive with the Random number. On the basis of our experiments’ results, we recommend that a solution size of 6,000, the number of iterations of 100, and initializing the solutions with Beta distribution will lead to AOA performing optimally for scenarios considered in our experiments.
Analytical and numerical methods of converting Cartesian to ellipsoidal coordinates
Authors: Panou G. , Korakitis R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, two analytical and two numerical methods of converting Cartesian to ellipsoidal coordinates of a point in space are presented. After slightly modifying a well-known exact analytical method, a new exact analytical method is developed. Also, two well-known numerical methods, which were developed for points exactly on the surface of a triaxial ellipsoid, are generalized for points in space. The four methods are validated with numerical experiments using an extensive set of points for the case of the Earth. Then, a theoretical and a numerical comparative assessment of the four methods is made. Furthermore, the new exact analytical method is applied for an almost oblate spheroid and for the case of the Moon and the results are compared. We conclude that, the generalized Panou and Korakitis’ numerical method, starting with approximate values from the new exact analytical method, is the best choice in terms of accuracy of the resulting ellipsoidal coordinates.
Electric vehicles diffusion: changing pavement acoustic design?
Authors: Praticò Filippo Giammaria , Fedele Rosario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are progressively entering into the current noisy urban ecosystem. Even though EVs are apparently quieter than traditional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs), they have an impact on noise maps and road pavement designers should take this into consideration when designing future low-noise road pavements. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to define what are the most important aspects that road pavement designers should take into account. For this reason, in this paper, the noise emitted by EVs was analysed, considering parameters (e.g., speed and frequency) and comparisons, in order to identify crucial characteristics. Results show that EV noise could call for the improvement of pavement acoustic design due to the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS), high-frequency peaks, and noise vibration harshness.
Emotional artificial neural network (EANN)-based prediction model of maximum A-weighted noise pressure level
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Siswanto Waluyo Adi , Sabirova Fairuza Musovna , Pustokhina Inna Genadievna , Melnikova Lyubov Anatolievna , Zakieva Rafina Rafkatovna , Nomani M. Z. M. , Rahman Ferry Fadzlul , Husein Ismail , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Noise is considered one of the most critical environmental issues because it endangers the health of living organisms. For this reason, up-to-date knowledge seeks to find the causes of noise in various industries and thus prevent it as much as possible. Considering the development of railway lines in underdeveloped countries, identifying and modeling the causes of vibrations and noise of rail transportation is of particular importance. The evaluation of railway performance cannot be imagined without measuring and managing noise. This study tried to model the maximum A-weighted noise pressure level with the information obtained from field measurements by Emotional artificial neural network (EANN) models and compare the results with linear and logarithmic regression models. The results showed the high efficiency of EANN models in noise prediction so that the prediction accuracy of 95.6% was reported. The results also showed that in noise prediction based on the neural network-based model, the independent variables of train speed and distance from the center of the route are essential in predicting.
The contribution of microfluidics to the fight against tuberculosis
Authors: Cañadas-Ortega Marina , Gómez-Cruz Clara , Vaquero Juan José , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The high mortality associated with tuberculosis brings forward the urgency of developing new therapies and strategies against the disease. With the advance of drug-resistant strains, traditional techniques have proven insufficient to manage the disease appropriately. Microfluidic devices have characteristics that can enhance treatment prescription and significantly advance our knowledge about the disease and its interaction within the human body. In addition, microfluidic systems provide advantages in terms of time and costs, which are particularly important in countries with low income and resources. This review will highlight how microdevices can help bridge the gaps in disease management, including their use for drug testing and development, drug susceptibility, basic research, and novel approaches to anti-TB vaccines and organ-on-chip studies.
Mechanical, morphological, and fracture-deformation behavior of MWCNTs-reinforced (Al–Cu–Mg–T351) alloy cast nanocomposites fabricated by optimized mechanical milling and powder metallurgy techniques
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Patyal Vikas , Sudhakara P. , Singh Jujhar , Petru Michal , Ilyas R. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe carbon nanotube (CNT) is becoming more popular due to their low-density, high-strengthetc.Among CNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are gaining more importance due to their enhanced thermal and electrical conductivity. The present research is exploring the applicability of MWCNTs reinforced with AA2024-T351 alloys for electromechanical applications. This study is currently undertaken for using MWCNTs as a reinforcing particulate for the purpose to enhance the characteristics including low density, high strength, and hardness together with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy matrices. Therefore, this article provides a state-of-the-art experimental approach to fabricate and furthermore, to evaluate the mechanical characteristics, microstructural analysis, and fatigue behavior of Al–Cu–Mg–T351/MWCNT composites under both the mechanical and thermal loading by utilizing powder technology processing route. The uniform dispersion of CNTs has been exposed using ball milling process. Results revealed that the MWCNTs provide extraordinary synergistic strength, enhances fatigue resistance, creep resistance, ductility, and other mechanical characteristics of the aluminum-based composites. The mechanical loading of the composite exhibited increased properties as compared to thermal-loaded aluminum-MWCNT composites. Findings conclude that the maximum hardness of 35Hv obtained for sintered AA2024-T351 and 45Hv for 0.5% MWCNT heat-treated samples indicate that the addition of MWCNT enhances the hardness which may be because CNT is evenly dispersed at the interfacial space. Maximum UTS of 105.21 MPa was obtained with 0.5% MWCNT for sintered composites. Microstructural analysis of the Al–Cu–Mg–T351/MWCNTs composite exhibits reasonably uniform distribution, void formation, and good interfacial bonding. X-ray Diffraction method patterns of fabricated composite shows that the CNT is present at 2β= 23.6 and 44.6°, whereas high peaks of aluminum are present at uniform dispersed positions. Transmission electron magnifying instrument study further substantiates the above research. Fracture micrographs of the Al–Cu–Mg–T351/MWCNTs composite portray the resistant nature of the nanotubes due to the presence of CNTs, Al–Cu, and aluminum carbide elements in the alloy and the reactions that happened during heat treatment. This significant improvement was attributed to the shear interactions among the constituents and high load carrying capacity of the CNT, uniform dispersion, and interface bond strength among the matrix and constituents. The findings in the study will undoubtedly be beneficial for the development of high-strength, MWCNTs/Al–Cu–Mg–T351, matrix composites in future for multifunctional applications on broader spectrum.
Innovations of the Beginning of the Sixth Millennium BC in the Northern Pontic Steppe
Authors: Kotova Nadezhda , Demchenko Olha , Kiosak Dmytro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the pottery-bearing (“Neolithic”) sites of the northern Azov Sea region. The vessels ornamented with comb imprints appeared there in the sixth millennium BC. In the light of a recent re-dating of the Rakushechny Yar site sequence, the sites of the northern Azov region appeared to be the earliest evidence for this innovation. The innovation in the ceramic assemblage is accompanied by an innovative lithic tool set. The latter included macro-blades and fan-shaped end-scrapers, which were previously unknown in the studied region. Their reanalysis (including new field work at the single-layer site of Chapaevka) helped formulate a hypothesis of maritime transmission of comb-ornamented ceramics in the Black and Azov Sea. This hypothesis will stimulate further discussions regarding the ways of Neolithization in Eastern Europe. It underlines the connections between Balkan “classic” Neolithic and pottery-bearing sites of the Ukrainian Steppe. The impressed ware from Makri and other mainland Greek sites is treated as the closest analogy to the finds of the northern Azov Sea region.
The Melite Civitas Romana Project: The Case for a Modern Exploration of the Roman Domus, Malta
Authors: Brown Robert , Cardona David , Lowe Benedict , Tanasi Davide , Wilkinson Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Roman Domus in Mdina, Malta, has become an idealised example of the Roman presence in the Maltese Islands; the partial remains of a lavishly decorated domus that would have in its time been situated within the walls of the urbanised Roman city of Melite. The site, last excavated more than 100 years ago, is also home to the only museum in the Maltese Islands, which is solely dedicated to house and showcase a collection of artefacts that date from the Roman period in Maltese history. This site alone provides a unique perspective on Roman Malta, being our only substantial remnant from the Roman Maltese capital, and needs a refocused and renewed exploration. For a long time, the archaeology of Roman sites in Malta has suffered a distinct lack of priority, and it has only been in the last two decades that considerably more focus has been placed on understanding the Roman period. Most of the archaeological focus, in this respect, has centred on agricultural villas, and though this study has illuminated a better understanding of the Roman period, very little has been undertaken in the last century in piecing together the importance of urban Melite to the broader nature of life in the islands, as well as their place in the larger context of the central Roman Mediterranean. The Melite Civitas Romana Project offers the potential of new understanding of the domus and the surrounding archaeological environment through a modern exploration of the site and the promise of the first available assemblage of Roman material from an urban Roman context.
Oral diadochokinetic rates for real words and non-words in Greek-speaking children
Authors: Tafiadis Dionysios , Zarokanellou Vasiliki , Prentza Alexandra , Voniati Louiza , Ziavra Nafsika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study examined the performance of Greek monolingual typically developing (TD) children on diadochokinetic (DDK) rates in real words and non-words and attempted to establish normative data for Greek. The effects of age, type of stimuli and gender were investigated. A total of 380 children aged 4.0–15.0 years as well as a control group of 313 adults participated in the study. Age significantly affected DDK performance, yet normative data differ from other studies. DDK rates for bisyllabic stimuli were faster than DDK rates for trisyllabic stimuli and real words were articulated faster than non-words. Adolescents aged 13.0–15.0 years were slower than adults both in real word and in non-word /ˈpataka/ repetition. Additionally, overall boys were significantly faster than girls. These findings show the need to: (a) implement real word stimuli in DDK tasks in order to better depict an individual’s oral-motor abilities and (b) establish language-specific normative data for TD children.
An equilibrated a posteriori error estimator for an Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the p-Laplace problem
Authors: Hoppe Ronald H. W. , Iliash Youri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We are concerned with an Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin (IPDG) approximation of the p-Laplace equation and an equilibrated a posteriori error estimator. The IPDG method can be derived from a discretization of the associated minimization problem involving appropriately defined reconstruction operators. The equilibrated a posteriori error estimator provides an upper bound for the discretization error in the broken W
1,p
norm and relies on the construction of an equilibrated flux in terms of a numerical flux function associated with the mixed formulation of the IPDG approximation. The relationship with a residual-type a posteriori error estimator is established as well. Numerical results illustrate the performance of both estimators.
Numerical-statistical study of the prognostic efficiency of the SEIR model
Authors: Lotova Galiya Z. , Lukinov Vitaliy L. , Marchenko Mikhail A. , Mikhailov Guennady A. , Smirnov Dmitrii D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A comparative analysis of the differential and the corresponding stochastic Poisson SEIR-models is performed for the test problem of COVID-19 epidemic in Novosibirsk modelling the period from March 23, 2020 to June 21, 2020 with the initial population N = 2 798 170. Varying the initial population in the form N = n
m with m ⩾ 2, we show that the average numbers of identified sick patients is less (beginning from April 7, 2020) than the corresponding differential values by the quantity that does not differ statistically from C(t)/m, with C ≈ 27.3 on June 21, 2020. This relationship allows us to use the stochastic model for big population N. The practically useful ‘two sigma’ confidential interval for the time interval from June 1, 2020 to June 21, 2020 is about 108% (as to the statistical average) and involves the corresponding real statistical estimates. The influence of the introduction of delay on the prognosis, i.e., the incubation period corresponding to Poisson model is also studied.