bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclophilin acts as a ribosome biogenesis factor by chaperoning the ribosomal protein (PlRPS15) in filamentous fungi
Authors: Mo Chenmi , Xie Chong , Wang Gaofeng , Tian Tian , Liu Juan , Zhu Chunxiao , Xiao Xueqiong , Xiao Yannong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The rapid transport of ribosomal proteins (RPs) into the nucleus and their efficient assembly into pre-ribosomal particles are prerequisites for ribosome biogenesis. Proteins that act as dedicated chaperones for RPs to maintain their stability and facilitate their assembly have not been identified in filamentous fungi. PlCYP5 is a nuclear cyclophilin in the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum, whose expression is up-regulated during abiotic stress and nematode egg-parasitism. Here, we found that PlCYP5 co-translationally interacted with the unassembled small ribosomal subunit protein, PlRPS15 (uS19). PlRPS15 contained an eukaryote-specific N-terminal extension that mediated the interaction with PlCYP5. PlCYP5 increased the solubility of PlRPS15 independent of its catalytic peptide-prolyl isomerase function and supported the integration of PlRPS15 into pre-ribosomes. Consistently, the phenotypes of the PlCYP5 loss-of-function mutant were similar to those of the PlRPS15 knockdown mutant (e.g. growth and ribosome biogenesis defects). PlCYP5 homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Homo sapiens, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Metarhizium anisopliae were identified. Notably, PlCYP5-PlRPS15 homologs from three filamentous fungi interacted with each other but not those from other species. In summary, our data disclosed a unique dedicated chaperone system for RPs by cyclophilin in filamentous fungi.
Estimating 24-hour urinary excretion using spot urine measurements in kidney stone formers
Authors: Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Lopez Fernando , Petrarulo Michele , Barbarini Silvia , Curhan Gary C , Marangella Martino , Taylor Eric N 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
One limitation of the use of 24-hour collection is impracticality. We analysed the performance of spot urine measurements to estimate 24-hour excretion in patients with kidney stones.

Methods
A total of 74 adult patients from two centres performed a 24-hour urine collection. A sample of the last micturition was sent for spot urine analysis. Twenty patients were asked to collect two additional spot urine samples, one before dinner and the other after dinner. Urinary concentrations of creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and magnesium were measured in the 24-hour and each of the spot urine samples. Four approaches were used to estimate 24-hour urinary excretion, multiplying the ratio of the spot urinary analyte to creatinine concentration by (i) measured 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 1), (ii) estimated 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 2), (iii) assumed 1-g 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 3) or (iv) assumed 1.5-g 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 4). For each parameter we computed Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs), Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement.

Results
The performance of estimates obtained with Prediction 1 and Prediction 2 was similar, except for citrate and uric acid, for which Prediction 2 performed worse. Both approaches performed moderately well: citrate CCC {0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.90]}, oxalate [0.66 (95% CI 0.55–0.78)], magnesium [0.66 (95% CI 0.54–0.77)], calcium [0.63 (95% CI 0.50–0.75)] and uric acid [0.52 (95% CI 0.36–0.68)]. The performance of Predictions 3 and 4 was worse.

Conclusions
Although spot urine samples may hold promise for clinical and population-based research, at present they have limited utility in clinical practice. Measuring or estimating 24-hour creatinine, rather than assuming a given creatinine excretion, will be necessary in future studies of spot urine samples.
SOCS3-mediated activation of p53-p21-NRF2 axis and cellular adaptation to oxidative stress in SOCS1-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Khan Md Gulam Musawwir , Boufaied Nadia , Yeganeh Mehdi , Ghosh Amit , Kandhi Rajani , Bagheri Rezvan , Petkiewicz Stephanie , Sharma Ankur , Yoshimura Akihiko , Ferbeyre Gerardo , Labbé David P. , Ramanathan Sheela , Ilangumaran Subburaj 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSOCS1andSOCS3genes, frequently repressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), function as tumor suppressors in hepatocytes. However, TCGA transcriptomic data revealed thatSOCS1-low/SOCS3-highspecimens displayed more aggressive HCC thanSOCS1-low/SOCS3-lowcases. We show that hepatocyte-specificSocs1-deficient livers upregulateSocs3expression following genotoxic stress. Whereas deletion ofSocs1orSocs3increased HCC susceptibility, ablation of both genes attenuated HCC growth. SOCS3 promotes p53 activation in SOCS1-deficient livers, leading to increased expression of CDKN1A (p21WAF1/CIP1), which coincides with elevated expression and transcriptional activity of NRF2. DeletingCdkn1ain SOCS1-deficient livers diminished NRF2 activation, oxidative stress and HCC progression. ElevatedCDKN1Aexpression and enrichment of antioxidant response genes also characterizedSOCS1-low/SOCS3-highHCC. SOCS1 expression in HCC cell lines reduced oxidative stress, p21 expression and NRF2 activation. Our findings demonstrate that SOCS1 controls the oncogenic potential of SOCS3-driven p53-p21-NRF2 axis and suggest that NRF2-mediated antioxidant response represents a drug target in SOCS1-deficient HCC.
Visualization of Sympathetic Neural Innervation in Human White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Perdikari Aliki , Cacciottolo Tessa , Henning Elana , de Oliveira Edson Mendes , Keogh Julia M. , Farooqi I. Sadaf 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObesity, defined as an excess of adipose tissue that adversely affects health, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, understanding the structure and function of human adipose tissue has been limited by the inability to visualize cellular components due to the innate structure of adipocytes, which are characterized by large lipid droplets. Combining the iDISCO and the CUBIC protocols for whole tissue staining and optical clearing, we developed a protocol to enable immunostaining and clearing of human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) obtained from individuals with severe obesity. We were able to perform immunolabeling of sympathetic nerve terminals in whole white adipose tissue and subsequent optical clearing by eliminating lipids to render the opaque tissue completely transparent. We then used light sheet confocal microscopy to visualize innervation of human WAT from obese individuals in a 3D manner.We demonstrate the visualization of sympathetic nerve terminals in human WAT. This protocol can be modified to visualize other structures such as blood vessels involved in the development, maintenance and function of human adipose tissue in health and disease.
Gramicidin S and Melittin - Potential anti-viral therapeutic peptides to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Ghalib Mohammed , Parekh Yash , Banu Sarena , Ram Sushma , Nagaraj Ramakrishnan , Kumar Bokara Kiran , Idris Mohammed M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID19 pandemic has resulted in multipronged approaches for treatment of the disease. Since de novo discovery of drugs is time consuming, repurposing of molecules is now considered as one of the alternative strategies to treat COVID19. Antibacterial peptides are being recognized as attractive candidates for repurposing to treat viral infections. In this study, we describe the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of gramicidin S and melittin peptides obtained from Bacillus brevis and bee venom respectively. Our in vitro antiviral assay results showed significant decrease in the viral load compared to the untreated group with no/very less cytotoxicity. The EC50 values for gramicidin S and melittin are calculated as 1.571μg and 0.656μg respectively. Both the peptides treated to the SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells showed viral clearance from 12 hours onwards with a maximal clearance after 24 hours post infection. Based on proteome analysis it was found that more than 250 proteins were found to be differentially regulated in the gramicidin S and melittin treated SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells against control SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells after 24 and 48 hours post infection. The identified proteins were found to be associated in the metabolic and mRNA processing of the Vero cells post-treatment and infection. Both these peptides could be attractive candidates for repurposing to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Temporal pattern recognition in the human brain: a dual simultaneous processing
Authors: Bonetti L. , Brattico E. , Bruzzone S.E.P. , Donati G. , Deco G. , Pantazis D. , Vuust P. , Kringelbach M.L. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTPattern recognition is a major scientific topic. Strikingly, while machine learning algorithms are constantly refined, the human brain emerges as an ancestral biological example of such complex procedure. However, how it transforms sequences of single objects into meaningful temporal patterns remains elusive. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we discovered and mathematically modelled an inedited dual simultaneous processing responsible for pattern recognition in the brain. Indeed, while the objects of the temporal pattern were independently elaborated by a local, rapid brain processing, their combination into a meaningful superordinate pattern depended on a concurrent global, slower processing involving a widespread network of sequentially active brain areas. Expanding the established knowledge of neural information flow from low- to high-order brain areas, we revealed a novel brain mechanism based on simultaneous activity in different frequency bands within the same brain regions, highlighting its crucial role underlying complex cognitive functions.
Early detection of cerebrovascular pathology and protective antiviral immunity by MRI
Authors: Liu Li , Dodd Stephen , Hunt Ryan D. , Pothayee Nikorn , Atanasijevic Tatjana , Bouraoud Nadia , Maric Dragan , Moseman E. Ashley , Gossa Selamawit , McGavern Dorian B. , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) infections are a major cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even patients that survive CNS infections can have lasting neurological dysfunction resulting from immune and pathogen induced pathology. Developing approaches to noninvasively track pathology and immunity in the infected CNS is crucial for patient management and development of new therapeutics. Here, we develop novel MRI-based approaches to monitor virus-specific CD8+ T cells and their relationship to cerebrovascular pathology in the living brain. We studied a relevant murine model in which a neurotropic virus (vesicular stomatitis virus) was introduced intranasally and then entered the brain via olfactory sensory neurons – a route exploited by many pathogens in humans. Using T2*-weighted high-resolution MRI, we identified small cerebral microbleeds as the earliest form of pathology associated with viral entry into the brain. Mechanistically, these microbleeds occurred in the absence of peripheral immune cells and were associated with infection of vascular endothelial cells. We monitored the adaptive response to this infection by developing methods to iron label and track individual virus specific CD8+ T cells by MRI. Transferred antiviral T cells were detected in the brain within a day of infection and were able to reduce cerebral microbleeds. These data demonstrate the utility of MRI in detecting the earliest pathological events in the virally infected CNS as well as the therapeutic potential of antiviral T cells in mitigating this pathology.
Effect of reversible osmotic stress on live cell plasma membranes, probed via Laurdan general polarization measurements
Authors: Zapata-Mercado Elmer , Hristova Kalina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere we seek to gain insight into changes in the plasma membrane of live cells upon the application of osmotic stress using Laurdan, a fluorescent probe that reports on membrane organization, hydration, and dynamics. It is known that the application of osmotic stress to lipid vesicles causes a decrease in Laurdan’s generalized polarization (GP), which has been interpreted as an indication of membrane stretching. In cells, we see the opposite effects, as GP increases when the osmolarity of the solution is decreased. This increase in GP is associated with the presence of caveolae, which are known to disassemble and flatten in response to osmotic stress, in a process that supplies extra plasma membrane in physiological processes.SignificanceCells can experience multiple stresses in vivo. Furthermore, the application of osmotic stress is used as a biophysical tool to interrogate membrane proocesses in vitro. We sought to investigate the consequences of osmotic stress on the plasma membrane properties using the fluorescent probe Laurdan. Unexpectedly, we find that osmotic stress leads to an increase in GP in live cells. The opposite change in GP has been observed in model lipid bilayers, reminding us there are limitations to the utility of model systems in understanding cell membrane behavior. Despite years of research, the cell membrane still has ways to surprise us.
Differential effects of Wnt-β-catenin signaling in Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia in SCA1
Authors: Luttik Kimberly , Tejwani Leon , Ju Hyoungseok , Driessen Terri , Smeets Cleo , Lim Janghoo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive ataxia and degeneration of specific neuronal populations, including Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellum. Previous studies have demonstrated a critical role for various evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways in cerebellar patterning, such as the Wnt-β-catenin pathway; however, the roles of these pathways in adult cerebellar function and cerebellar neurodegeneration are largely unknown. In this study, we found that Wnt-β-catenin activity was progressively enhanced in multiple cell types in the adult SCA1 mouse cerebellum, and that activation of this signaling occurs in an ataxin-1 polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion-dependent manner. Genetic manipulation of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in specific cerebellar cell populations revealed that activation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling in PCs alone was not sufficient to induce SCA1-like phenotypes, while its activation in astrocytes including Bergmann glia (BG) resulted in gliosis and disrupted BG localization, which was replicated in SCA1 mouse models. Our studies identify a novel mechanism in which polyQ-expanded ataxin-1 positively regulates Wnt-β-catenin signaling, and demonstrate that different cell types have distinct responses to the enhanced Wnt-β-catenin signaling in the SCA1 cerebellum, underscoring an important role of BG in SCA1 pathogenesis.Significance statementThe mechanisms underlying the degeneration of specific cellular populations in various neurodegenerative disorders remain unknown. Here, we show that the polyQ expansion of ataxin-1 activates the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in various cell types, including Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia, in the cerebellum of SCA1 mouse models. We used conditional mouse genetics to activate and silence this pathway in different cell types and found elevated activity of this signaling pathway impacted Bergmann glia and Purkinje cell populations differently. This study highlights the important role of Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in glial cell types for SCA1 pathogenesis.
Underlying selection for the diversity of Spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ghosh Manisha , Basak Surajit , Dutta Shanta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global spread of SARS-CoV-2 is fast moving and has caused a worldwide public health crisis. In the present manuscript we analyzed spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to assess the impact of mutational diversity. We observed from amino acid usage patterns that spike proteins are associated with a diversity of mutational changes and most important underlying cause of variation of amino acid usage is the changes in hydrophobicity of spike proteins. The changing patterns of hydrophobicity of spike proteins over time and its influence on the receptor binding affinity provides crucial information on the SARS-CoV-2 interaction with human receptor. Our results also show that spike proteins have evolved to prefer more hydrophobic residues over time. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of molecular sequence data to consider that mutational variants might play a crucial role in modulating the virulence and spread of the virus and has immediate implications for therapeutic strategies.
MDRNet: a lightweight network for real-time semantic segmentation in street scenes
Authors: Dai Yingpeng , Wang Junzheng , Li Jiehao , Li Jing 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the environmental perception of unmanned platform under complex street scenes. Unmanned platform has a strict requirement both on accuracy and inference speed. So how to make a trade-off between accuracy and inference speed during the extraction of environmental information becomes a challenge.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a novel multi-scale depth-wise residual (MDR) module is proposed. This module makes full use of depth-wise separable convolution, dilated convolution and 1-dimensional (1-D) convolution, which is able to extract local information and contextual information jointly while keeping this module small-scale and shallow. Then, based on MDR module, a novel network named multi-scale depth-wise residual network (MDRNet) is designed for fast semantic segmentation. This network could extract multi-scale information and maintain feature maps with high spatial resolution to mitigate the existence of objects at multiple scales.

Findings
Experiments on Camvid data set and Cityscapes data set reveal that the proposed MDRNet produces competitive results both in terms of computational time and accuracy during inference. Specially, the authors got 67.47 and 68.7% Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) on Camvid data set and Cityscapes data set, respectively, with only 0.84 million parameters and quicker speed on a single GTX 1070Ti card.

Originality/value
This research can provide the theoretical and engineering basis for environmental perception on the unmanned platform. In addition, it provides environmental information to support the subsequent works.
Motivating or stigmatising? The public health and media messaging surrounding COVID-19 and obesity: a qualitative think aloud study
Authors: Stewart Sarah-Jane F. , Ogden Jane 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how individuals with overweight and obesity living in the UK respond to the public health and media messaging surrounding COVID-19 and obesity.Design/methodology/approachQualitative interview study with a think aloud protocol. A total of 10 participants self-reported to have overweight, obesity or as actively trying to lose weight were recruited through social media and were asked to think aloud whilst exposed to four sets of public health and media materials describing the link between COVID-19 and obesity. Interviews were conducted over zoom, recorded and transcribed verbatim.FindingsThree primary themes were identified through thematic analysis: “flawed messaging”, “COVID-19 as a teachable moment” and “barriers to change”. Transcending these themes was the notion of balance. Whilst the messaging around COVID-19 and obesity was deemed problematic; for some, it was a teachable moment to facilitate change when their future self and physical health was prioritised. Yet, when focussing on their mental health in the present participants felt more overwhelmed by the barriers and were less likely to take the opportunity to change.Practical implicationsFindings hold implications for public health messaging, highlighting the need for balance between being educational and informative but also supportive, so as to achieve maximum efficacy.Originality/valueThis study offers a novel and useful insight into how the public health and media messaging concerning COVID-19 risk and obesity is perceived by those with overweight and obesity.
Teaching undergraduate psychology students about mental health through student-led case studies: a case example of the celebrity Spike Milligan
Authors: Husbands Melissa , Carson Jerome 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest that student-led case studies are an important way to learn about mental health problems and to highlight this by presenting a case study of the comedic genius Spike Milligan.Design/methodology/approachCelebrities live their lives in the public eye. In recent years, many have talked about their struggles with mental health. This paper is based on a student-led case study of the celebrity Spike Milligan.FindingsThis case study suggests one previously under-emphasised issue and argues that Spike Milligan’s wartime experiences may have led to post-traumatic stress disorder. Second, that he may have developed neuro-inflammation, through contracting sandfly fever during the war. This could have been an additional trigger for bipolar disorder.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this is a single case study, it draws on a wide variety of research sources to back up the arguments advanced.Practical implicationsStudent-led case studies provide a way of engaging students more actively with mental health problems.Social implicationsMental illness is complex, if not more complex, than physical health problems. Case studies of celebrities like Spike Milligan can help develop a public understanding of mental illness, as they already have a working knowledge about the person.Originality/valueThe case study illustrates how Bipolar 1 disorder is a complex and unique condition and that every individual’s illness has different predisposing characteristics. It suggests that student-led case studies are a helpful learning tool.
Building a collaborative framework: a qualitative study of therapists collaborating with Curanderxs
Authors: Hoskins David , Platt Jason 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate psychotherapists’ perspectives on collaborations with curanderxs that may improve patient outcomes. All participants have licensed psychotherapists (marriage and family therapist, social work and psychology), between ages 40 and 60 years, and spoke both English and Spanish. They had a wide range of experience practicing in the field (5 to 33 years), the number of clients they had worked with of Mexican descent (10 to 2,000), and times they had collaborated with curanderxs (2 to 3 to more than 40). Interviews lasted 2 h.

Design/methodology/approach
Phenomenological methodology was followed in conducting interviews with eight mainstream mental health practitioners and in identifying codes and themes from the interviews.

Findings
Collaboration between psychotherapists and curanderxs is rare. Few mental health training programs provide basic information on curanderismo or on how clinicians might integrate concepts related to indigenous healing approaches into their practices or collaborate with traditional healers. Substantial mistrust between psychotherapists and curanderxs is apparent and impedes collaboration.

Originality/value
The authors believe this to be one of the first integrative models that can provide guidance to services providers who would like to collaborate with traditional healers, not only with Latinx populations but also populations that seek traditional healers for physical, psychological and spiritual healing. Based on study findings, the authors offer educational, clinical and public policy recommendations.