bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between self-care activities, stress and well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-cultural mediation model
Authors: Luis Elkin , Bermejo-Martins Elena , Martinez Martín , Sarrionandia Ainize , Cortes Cristian , Oliveros Edwin Yair , Garces María Sol , Oron José Victor , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo examine the mediation role of self-care between stress and psychological well-being in the general population of four countries and to assess the impact of sociodemographic variables on this relationship.DesignCross-sectional, online survey.ParticipantsA stratified sample of confined general population (N=1082) from four Ibero-American countries—Chile (n=261), Colombia (n=268), Ecuador (n=282) and Spain (n=271)—balanced by age and gender.Primary outcomes measuresSociodemographic information (age, gender, country, education and income level), information related to COVID-19 lockdown (number of days in quarantine, number of people with whom the individuals live, absence/presence of adults and minors in charge and attitude towards the search of information related to COVID-19), Perceived Stress Scale-10, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale-29 and Self-Care Activities Screening Scale-14.ResultsSelf-care partially mediates the relationship between stress and well-being during COVID-19 confinement in the general population in the total sample (F(3,1078)=370.01, p<0.001, R2=0.507) and in each country. On the other hand, among the evaluated sociodemographic variables, only age affects this relationship.ConclusionThe results have broad implications for public health, highlighting the importance of promoting people’s active role in their own care and health behaviour to improve psychological well-being if stress management and social determinants of health are jointly addressed first. The present study provides the first transnational evidence from the earlier stages of the COVID-19 lockdown, showing that the higher perception of stress, the less self-care activities are adopted, and in turn the lower the beneficial effects on well-being.
Colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults with Lynch syndrome: a Danish register-based study
Authors: Durhuus Jon Ambæk , Therkildsen Christina , Kallemose Thomas , Nilbert Mef 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess clinicopathological predictors and prognosis in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in Lynch syndrome with comparison to patients diagnosed from age 40 and up.DesignNational, retrospective register-based case–control study.SettingDanish national hereditary CRC register.ParticipantsIndividuals with Lynch syndrome diagnosed with CRC from January 1950 to June 2020. The analysis was based on 215 early-onset CRCs diagnosed between 15 and 39 years of age and 574 CRCs diagnosed at age 40–88 years.Main outcome measuresClinical and histopathological characteristics and survival. Confounding variables were analysed by Cox analysis.Results27.2% of the tumours in the Danish Lynch syndrome cohort were diagnosed under age 40. Disease-predisposing alterations inMLH1andMSH2were overrepresented in the age 15–39 cohort compared with patients diagnosed over age 40. CRCs diagnosed under age 40 showed an adverse stage distribution with 36.2% stage III–IV tumours compared with 25.8% in the over age 40 group. However, young patients diagnosed with early-stage tumours did have a significantly better prognosis compared with early-stage tumours in the older age group.ConclusionsEarly-onset CRC in Lynch syndrome is primarily linked to alterations inMLH1andMSH2and displays an adverse stage distribution. These observations serve as a reminder of surveillance, symptom awareness and rapid diagnostic handling of CRC in young adults with Lynch syndrome.
Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from six national phone surveys
Authors: Kanyanda Shelton , Markhof Yannick , Wollburg Philip , Zezza Alberto 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo estimate the willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine in six sub-Saharan African countries and identify differences in acceptance across countries and population groups.DesignCross-country comparable, descriptive study based on a longitudinal survey.SettingSix national surveys from countries representing 38% of the sub-Saharan African population (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria and Uganda).ParticipantsRespondents of national high-frequency phone surveys, aged 15 years and older, drawn from a nationally representative sample of households.Main outcome measuresWillingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 if an approved vaccine is provided now and for free, disaggregated by demographic attributes and socioeconomic factors obtained from national household surveys. Correlates of and reasons for vaccine hesitancy.ResultsAcceptance rates in the six sub-Saharan African countries studied are generally high, with at least four in five people willing to be vaccinated in all but one country. Vaccine acceptance ranges from nearly universal in Ethiopia (97.9%, 95% CI 97.2% to 98.6%) to below what would likely be required for herd immunity in Mali (64.5%, 95% CI 61.3% to 67.8%). We find little evidence for systematic differences in vaccine hesitancy by sex or age but some clusters of hesitancy in urban areas, among the better educated, and in richer households. Safety concerns about the vaccine in general and its side effects specifically emerge as the primary reservations toward a COVID-19 vaccine across countries.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that inadequate demand is unlikely to represent the key bottleneck to reaching high COVID-19 vaccine coverage in sub-Saharan Africa. To turn intent into effective demand, targeted information, sensitisation and engagement campaigns bolstering confidence in the safety of approved vaccines and reducing concerns about side effects will be crucial to safeguard the swift progression of vaccine rollout in one of the world’s poorest regions.
Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjuvant treatment for patients with COVID-19 severe hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cannellotto Mariana , Duarte Mariano , Keller Guillermo , Larrea Ramiro , Cunto Eleonora , Chediack Viviana , Mansur Mariela , Brito Daniela M , García Elizabeth , Di Salvo Héctor E , Verdini Fabrizio , Domínguez Cecilia , Jorda-Vargas Liliana , Roberti Javier , Di Girolamo Guillermo , Estrada Esteban 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundHyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has been proposed to treat hypoxaemia and reduce inflammation in COVID-19. Our objective was to analyse safety and efficacy of HBO2in treatment of hypoxaemia in patients with COVID-19 and evaluate time to hypoxaemia correction.MethodsThis was a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial conducted in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between July and November 2020. Patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia (SpO2≤90% despite oxygen supplementation) were assigned to receive either HBO2treatment or the standard treatment for respiratory symptoms for 7 days. HBO2treatment was planned for ≥5 sessions (1 /day) for 90 min at 1.45 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Outcomes were time to normalise oxygen requirement to SpO2≥93%, need for mechanical respiratory assistance, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality within 30 days. A sample size of 80 patients was estimated, with a planned interim analysis after determining outcomes on 50% of patients.ResultsThe trial was stopped after the interim analysis. 40 patients were randomised, 20 in each group, age was 55.2±9.2 years. At admission, frequent symptoms were dyspnoea, fever and odynophagia; SpO2was 85.1%±4.3% for the whole group. Patients in the treatment group received an average of 6.2±1.2 HBO2sessions. Time to correct hypoxaemia was shorter in treatment group versus control group; median 3 days (IQR 1.0–4.5) versus median 9 days (IQR 5.5–12.5), respectively (p<0.010). OR for recovery from hypoxaemia in the HBO2group at day 3 compared with the control group was 23.2 (95% CI 1.6 to 329.6; p=0.001) Treatment had no statistically significant effect on acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation or death within 30 days after admission.ConclusionOur findings support the safety and efficacy of HBO2in the treatment of COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia.Trial registration numberNCT04477954.
Quantification of clot spatial heterogeneity and its impact on thrombectomy
Authors: Liu Yang , Brinjikji Waleed , Abbasi Mehdi , Dai Daying , Arturo Larco Jorge L , Madhani Sarosh Irfan , Shahid Adnan H , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Nogueira Raul G , Kvamme Peter , Layton Kennith F , Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Hanel Ricardo A , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Yoo Albert J , Jahromi Babak S , Gounis Matthew J , Patel Biraj , Fitzgerald Seán , Doyle Karen , Haussen Diogo C , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Mohammaden Mahmoud , Pisani Leonardo , Rodrigues Gabriel Martins , Thacker Ike C , Kayan Yasha , Copelan Alexander , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Demchuk Andrew M , Bhuva Parita , Soomro Jazba , Nazari Pouya , Cantrell Donald Robert , Puri Ajit S , Entwistle John , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Cloft Harry J , Kallmes David F , Savastano Luis 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCompositional and structural features of retrieved clots by thrombectomy can provide insight into improving the endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, histological analysis is limited to quantification of compositions and qualitative description of the clot structure. We hypothesized that heterogeneous clots would be prone to poorer recanalization rates and performed a quantitative analysis to test this hypothesis.MethodsWe collected and did histology on clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy from 157 stroke cases (107 achieved first-pass effect (FPE) and 50 did not). Using an in-house algorithm, the scanned images were divided into grids (with sizes of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm) and the extent of non-uniformity of RBC distribution was computed using the proposed spatial heterogeneity index (SHI). Finally, we validated the clinical significance of clot heterogeneity using the Mann–Whitney test and an artificial neural network (ANN) model.ResultsFor cases with FPE, SHI values were smaller (0.033 vs 0.039 for grid size of 0.4 mm, P=0.028) compared with those without. In comparison, the clot composition was not statistically different between those two groups. From the ANN model, clot heterogeneity was the most important factor, followed by fibrin content, thrombectomy techniques, red blood cell content, clot area, platelet content, etiology, and admission of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). No statistical difference of clot heterogeneity was found for different etiologies, thrombectomy techniques, and IV-tPA administration.ConclusionsClot heterogeneity can affect the clot response to thrombectomy devices and is associated with lower FPE. SHI can be a useful metric to quantify clot heterogeneity.
Atrial fibrillation and clinical outcomes 1 to 3 years after myocardial infarction
Authors: Carnicelli Anthony P , Owen Ruth , Pocock Stuart J , Brieger David B , Yasuda Satoshi , Nicolau Jose Carlos , Goodman Shaun G , Cohen Mauricio G , Simon Tabassome , Westermann Dirk , Hedman Katarina , Andersson Sundell Karolina , Granger Christopher B 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveAtrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial infarction (MI) are commonly comorbid and associated with adverse outcomes. Little is known about the impact of AF on quality of life and outcomes post-MI. We compared characteristics, quality of life and clinical outcomes in stable patients post-MI with/without AF.Methods/resultsThe prospective, international, observational TIGRIS (long Term rIsk, clinical manaGement and healthcare Resource utilization of stable coronary artery dISease) registry included 8406 patients aged ≥50 years with ≥1 atherothrombotic risk factor who were 1–3 years post-MI. Patient characteristics were summarised by history of AF. Quality of life was assessed at baseline using EQ-5D. Clinical outcomes over 2 years of follow-up were compared. History of AF was present in 702/8277 (8.5%) registry patients and incident AF was diagnosed in 244/7575 (3.2%) over 2 years. Those with AF were older and had more comorbidities than those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, patients with AF had lower self-reported quality-of-life scores (EQ-5D UK-weighted index, visual analogue scale, usual activities and pain/discomfort) than those without AF. CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 was present in 686/702 (97.7%) patients with AF, although only 348/702 (49.6%) were on oral anticoagulants at enrolment. Patients with AF had higher rates of all-cause hospitalisation (adjusted rate ratio 1.25 [1.06–1.46], p=0.008) over 2 years than those without AF, but similar rates of mortality.ConclusionsIn stable patients post-MI, those with AF were commonly undertreated with oral anticoagulants, had poorer quality of life and had increased risk of clinical outcomes than those without AF.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials:NCT01866904.
Derivation of the set of the fundamental interactions from first principles
Authors: Voltr Jiri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal conservation laws require the fundamental interactions to be processes which transfer information from one particle to another. Therefore, in order to show what types of interactions may exist, we derive from the very first principles a set of the most fundamental information transfers and their basic properties. Within these information transfers, we identify candidates for gravitational, electromagnetic and strong scattering, and also for weak decay. We do it by taking the characteristic properties of each fundamental interaction, such as confinement or parity violation, and by using them to rule out information transfers without these properties. The found mapping then makes possible to study the information transfers in order to get knowledge about the corresponding fundamental interactions.
A special Higgs challenge: measuring the mass and production cross section with ultimate precision at FCC-ee
Authors: Azzurri Paolo , Bernardi Gregorio , Braibant Sylvie , d’Enterria David , Eysermans Jan , Janot Patrick , Li Ang , Perez Emmanuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe FCC-ee offers powerful opportunities to determine the Higgs boson parameters, exploiting over $$10^6$$

10
6

$${ \hbox {e}^+\hbox {e}^- \rightarrow \hbox {ZH}}$$

e
+

e
-

→
ZH

events and almost $$10^5$$

10
5

$${ \hbox {WW} \rightarrow \hbox {H}}$$

WW
→
H

events at centre-of-mass energies around 240 and 365 GeV. This essay spotlights the important measurements of the ZH production cross section and of the Higgs boson mass. The measurement of the total ZH cross section is an essential input to the absolute determination of the HZZ coupling—a “standard candle” that can be used by all other measurements, including those made at hadron colliders—at the per-mil level. A combination of the measured cross sections at the two different centre-of-mass energies further provides the first evidence for the trilinear Higgs self-coupling, and possibly its first observation if the cross section measurement can be made accurate enough. The determination of the Higgs boson mass with a precision significantly better than the Higgs boson width (4.1 MeV in the standard model) is a prerequisite to either constrain or measure the electron Yukawa coupling via direct $${ \hbox {e}^+\hbox {e}^- \rightarrow \hbox {H}}$$

e
+

e
-

→
H

production at $$\sqrt{s} = 125$$

s

=
125

GeV. Approaching the statistical limit of 0.1% and $${\mathcal {O}}(1)$$

O
(
1
)

MeV on the ZH cross section and the Higgs boson mass, respectively, sets highly demanding requirements on accelerator operation (ZH threshold scan, centre-of-mass energy measurement), detector design (lepton momentum resolution, hadronic final state reconstruction performance), theoretical calculations, and analysis techniques (efficiency and purity optimization with modern tools, constrained kinematic fits, control of systematic uncertainties). These challenges are examined in turn in this essay
Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization in Plants
Authors: Lambers Hans 
Published: December 2021

Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate information from different disciplines. When soil P availability is very low, P-mobilizing strategies are more effective than mycorrhizal strategies. Soil parameters largely determine how much P roots can acquire from P-impoverished soil, and kinetic properties of P transporters are less important. Changes in the expression of P transporters avoid P toxicity. Plants vary widely in photosynthetic P-use efficiency, photosynthesis per unit leaf P. The challenge is to discover what the trade-offs are of different patterns of investment in P fractions. Less investment may save P, but are costs incurred? Are these costs acceptable for crops? These questions can be resolved only by the concerted action of scientists working at both molecular and physiological levels, rather than pursuing these problems independently.
Review—Latest Trends and Advancement in Porous Carbon for Biowaste Organization and Utilization
Authors: Kulkarni Kunal , Chadha Utkarsh , Yadav Shreya , Tarun D M , K G Thenmukilan , Bhardwaj Preetam , Singh Shalu , Latha Srinivasan , Ray Arun Kumar , Badoni Badrish , Srinivasa Rao Nalamala , Banavoth Murali , Sonar Prashant 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bio-derived activated porous carbon is readily used because it exhibits high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, high stability, environment-friendly nature, and easy availability. All of these properties make it a unique and a perfect applicant for energy storage devices. Biowastes such as corncobs, walnut shells, human hair, jute, oil seeds, and bamboo are utilized as precursors in manufacturing porous carbon. The use of bio materials is preferred because of their abundance and biodegradable nature. The production of porous carbon was carried out through pyrolysis with the help of acid, primarily KOH, as the active substance. The ambient temperature for conducting pyrolysis is 400-800oC. Pyrolysis can be either fast or slow, with fast pyrolysis being helpful in most experiments. Food wastes like peels and shells are among the most significant biowaste sources alongside farm waste like rice husks, coconut shells, etc., which are not just waste and can be utilized for sustainable living. The porous carbon is formed from food waste from toxicity reducer in wastewater to for a supercapacitor or a bio anode in a microbial fuel cell. It is oneway sustainable development and is now highly economical. Moreover, in scientific aspects, their validity in a field and lowered expenses in some cases, the benefits of their usage may vary. This paper aims to extensively review all of the research conducted for Bio-waste utilization and its conversion to porous carbon for further use in super capacitance applications
Safety of Anlotinib Capsules Combined with PD-1 Inhibitor Camrelizumab in the Third-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Their Effect on Serum Tumor Markers
Authors: Wang Yinhua , Shi Xiuhua , Qi Qinghua , Ye Bin , Zou Zhaoling 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To explore the safety of anlotinib capsules combined with the PD-1 inhibitor (camrelizumab) in the third-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their effect on serum tumor markers. Methods. 88 patients with advanced NSCLC treated in the Oncology Department of our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 were selected as research subjects and randomly and equally split into the single treatment group (STG) and combined treatment group (CTG). The levels of serum tumor markers after treatment were detected in both groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment was recorded. Results. Compared with the STG, CTG achieved obviously higher total effective rate (

P

< 0.05), lower total incidence of adverse reactions (

P

< 0.05), lower levels of serum tumor markers and average CFS score (

P

< 0.001), and higher average KPS score (

P

< 0.001). Conclusion. Application of anlotinib capsules combined with the PD-1 inhibitor (camrelizumab) in the third-line treatment of advanced NSCLC can effectively reduce the levels of serum tumor markers and cancer fatigue degree of patients, with a better effect than that of simple anlotinib treatment. In addition, further research of the combined treatment is helpful to establish a better therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Ontogeny and Vulnerabilities of Drug-Tolerant Persisters in HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Chang Chewei Anderson , Jen Jayu , Jiang Shaowen , Sayad Azin , Mer Arvind Singh , Brown Kevin R. , Nixon Allison M.L. , Dhabaria Avantika , Tang Kwan Ho , Venet David , Sotiriou Christos , Deng Jiehui , Wong Kwok-kin , Adams Sylvia , Meyn Peter , Heguy Adriana , Skok Jane A. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Ueberheide Beatrix , Moffat Jason , Singh Abhyudai , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Neel Benjamin G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Resistance to targeted therapies is an important clinical problem in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. “Drug-tolerant persisters” (DTP), a subpopulation of cancer cells that survive via reversible, nongenetic mechanisms, are implicated in resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in other malignancies, but DTPs following HER2 TKI exposure have not been well characterized. We found that HER2 TKIs evoke DTPs with a luminal-like or a mesenchymal-like transcriptome. Lentiviral barcoding/single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that HER2+ breast cancer cells cycle stochastically through a “pre-DTP” state, characterized by a G0-like expression signature and enriched for diapause and/or senescence genes. Trajectory analysis/cell sorting shows that pre-DTPs preferentially yield DTPs upon HER2 TKI exposure. Cells with similar transcriptomes are present in HER2+ breast tumors and are associated with poor TKI response. Finally, biochemical experiments indicate that luminal-like DTPs survive via estrogen receptor–dependent induction of SGK3, leading to rewiring of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway to enable AKT-independent mTORC1 activation.

Significance:
DTPs are implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies, but their ontogeny and vulnerabilities remain unclear. We find that HER2 TKI-DTPs emerge from stochastically arising primed cells (“pre-DTPs”) that engage either of two distinct transcriptional programs upon TKI exposure. Our results provide new insights into DTP ontogeny and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873