bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Dielectric Al2O3/β‐Ga2O3 Interfaces Grown Using Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Roy Saurav , Chmielewski Adrian E. , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Ranga Praneeth , Sun Rujun , Scarpulla Michael A. , Alem Nasim , Krishnamoorthy Sriram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh quality dielectric‐semiconductor interfaces are critical for reliable high‐performance transistors. This paper reports the in situ metal–organic chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 on β‐Ga2O3 as a potentially better alternative to the most commonly used atomic layer deposition (ALD). The growth of Al2O3 is performed in the same reactor as Ga2O3 using trimethylaluminum and O2 as precursors without breaking the vacuum at a growth temperature of 600 °C. The fast and slow near interface traps at the Al2O3/β‐Ga2O3 interface are identified and quantified using stressed capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements on metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) structures. The density of shallow and deep level initially filled traps (Dit) are measured using ultraviolet‐assisted CV technique. The average Dit for the MOSCAP is determined to be 6.4 × 1011 cm−2eV−1. The conduction band offset of the Al2O3/ Ga2O3 interface is also determined from CV measurements and found out to be 1.7 eV which is in close agreement with the existing literature reports of ALD Al2O3/Ga2O3 interface. The current–voltage characteristics are also analyzed and the average breakdown field is extracted to be approximately 5.8 MV cm−1. This in situ Al2O3 dielectric on β‐Ga2O3 with improved dielectric properties can enable Ga2O3‐based high‐performance devices.
Ultralong Cycle Life Organic Cathode Enabled by Ether‐Based Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Bai Panxing , Li Benfang , Zhao Chen , Chen Zifeng , Li Mengjie , Su Hai , Yang Jixing , Xu Yunhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic cathode materials have gained substantial attention in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their low cost, structure versatility, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the use of organic materials is plagued by the unsatisfactory cycling performance caused by dissolution of organic electrode materials, use of inappropriate electrolytes, and/or poor interfacial compatibility. In this work, an ultralong cycle life of SIBs through coupling an insoluble organic cathode, N, N′‐bis(glycinyl) naphthalene diimide, with ether‐based electrolytes, is realized. A thin and stable inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase is constructed through a prior reduction of salt in the organic solvents in the ether‐based electrolytes, promising fast charge transfer kinetics and stable cycling performance of organic electrodes in SIBs. A superb long cycle life of 70 000 cycles at 10C is demonstrated, which is a new record for organic cathode materials in SIBs. The findings highlight the key role of electrolytes and electrolyte/electrode interfaces in furthering the practical prospects of organic electrodes.
Diverse clinical manifestations of Cantú syndrome: The first case series in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tu Nguyen Anh , Phan Huy Ngoc , Vu Hoang Anh , Nguyen Hao Trong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCantú syndrome (CS) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, distinct coarse facial features, cardiac defects, and other abnormalities in the skeletal and neurological systems. At present, cases with pathognomonic clinical manifestations are increasingly confirmed by genetic analysis. Two causative genes for CS are the well‐known ABCC9 and the more rarely reported KCNJ8. Here, we report three Vietnamese children with CS, confirmed through genetic testing, presenting de novo ABCC9 mutations. The patients shared some common clinical manifestations, including congenital hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, and a history of polyhydramnios during pregnancy. Concerning the various cardiac and neurological problems in the lifetime of patients with CS, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, especially genetic counseling, should be clinically applied in CS. Thus, our findings might modestly contribute to the global CS data, providing practical insights into CS manifestations.
A novel pathogenic variant p.Asp797Val in IFIH1 in a Japanese boy with overlapping Singleton‐Merten syndrome and Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome
Authors: Hasegawa Kosei , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Futagawa Natsuko , Miyahara Hiroyuki , Higuchi Yousuke , Tsukahara Hirokazu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPathogenic‐activating variants of interferon induced with Helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) cause Singleton‐Merten (S‐M) syndrome, which accompanies acro‐osteolysis, loss of permanent teeth, and aortic calcification, as well as causing Aicardi‐Goutières (A‐G) syndrome, which shows progressive encephalopathy, spastic paraplegia, and calcification of basal ganglia. Recently, patients with overlapping syndromes presenting with features of S‐M syndrome and A‐G syndrome were reported. However, progression of clinical features of this condition has not been fully understood. We report a Japanese boy with a novel pathogenic IFIH1 variant who presented with clinical features of S‐M syndrome and A‐G syndrome.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) adapt their nesting behavior after large‐scale forest clearance and community decline
Authors: van Dijk Kim , Cibot Marie , McLennan Matthew R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) build nests at night for sleeping and occasionally during daytime for resting. Over the course of seven years, forest fragments in Bulindi, Uganda, were reduced in size by about 80% when landowners converted forest to agricultural land. However, unlike other studies on nesting behavior in response to habitat disturbance, chimpanzees at Bulindi had no opportunity to retreat into nearby undisturbed forest. To understand behavioral adaptations to forest clearance, we compared Bulindi chimpanzees' nesting characteristics before and after this period of major deforestation. After deforestation, chimpanzees built nests at lower heights in shorter trees, and reused a larger proportion of their nests. Additionally, average nest group size increased after deforestation, even though community size declined by approximately 20% over the same period. The substantial decrease in available forest habitat may have caused the chimpanzees to aggregate for nesting. However, more cohesive nesting may also have been influenced by dietary shifts (increased reliance on agricultural crops) and a need for enhanced safety with increased human encroachment. Conversely, the chimpanzees selected similar tree species for nesting after deforestation, apparently reflecting a strong preference for particular species, nested less often in exotic species, and built integrated nests (constructed using multiple trees) at a similar frequency as before fragment clearance. Chimpanzees living in unprotected habitat in Uganda, as at Bulindi, face mounting anthropogenic pressures that threaten their survival. Nevertheless, our study shows that chimpanzees can adjust their nesting behavior flexibly in response to rapid, extensive habitat change. While behavioral flexibility may enable them to cope with deforestation, at least to a certain point, the long‐term survival of chimpanzees in fast‐changing human‐modified landscapes requires intensive conservation efforts.
Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the non‐obstetric pelvis across anthropoids
Authors: Moffett Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe presence of sexual dimorphism in the birth canals of anthropoid primates is well documented, and birth canal dimorphism tends to be especially robust among species that give birth to relatively large neonates. However, it is less clear whether birth canal dimorphism is accompanied by dimorphism in parts of the pelvis not directly under selection for birth, particularly including bi‐iliac breadth, biactetabular breadth, lengths of the ischium and ilium, and 3D shape. This study investigates the patterns of dimorphism among anthropoid primates in those parts of the pelvis which do not directly contribute to the bony birth canal, here termed the non‐obstetric pelvis.Methods3D landmark data were collected on the bony pelves of 899 anthropoid primates. Specifically, landmark data were collected on parts of the pelvis not thought to be directly involved in selection for parturition, including portions of the posterior and superior ilium, acetabulum, and lateral ischium. Principal components analysis and Euclidean distance matrix analysis were used to ascertain sexual dimorphism in pelvic sizes and shapes within each species.ResultsResults show that dimorphism in non‐obstetric pelvic size and shape exists across anthropoids, just as is seen in the birth canal. However, the magnitude of dimorphism in non‐obstetric pelvic shape tends to be greater among anthropoid species that give birth to relatively large neonates compared with those birthing smaller neonates relative to maternal pelvic size.ConclusionsThough all anthropoids included in the study show some degree of sexual dimorphism in non‐obstetric pelvic size and/or shape, species which give birth to large neonates relative to maternal pelvic size have the highest levels of dimorphism in pelvic shape. Moreover, the magnitude of dimorphism in certain parts of the non‐obstetric pelvis mirrors patterns seen in the birth canal. The results of this study are promising for ascertaining pelvic dimorphism and relative neonate size in fossil primates, particularly in fragmentary remains which do not preserve a complete bony birth canal.
Photo‐Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Polymers Containing an Embedded Photosensitiser
Authors: Judzewitsch Peter R. , Corrigan Nathaniel , Wong Edgar H. H. , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work presents the synthesis of a novel photosensitive acrylate monomer for use as both a self‐catalyst in the photoinduced electron/energy transfer–reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerisation process and a photosensitiser (PS) for antibacterial applications. Hydrophilic, cationic, and antimicrobial formulations are explored to compare the antibacterial effects between charged and non‐charged polymers. Covalent attachment of the catalyst to well‐defined linear polymer chains has no effect on polymerisation control or singlet oxygen generation. The addition of the PS to polymers provides activity against S. aureus for all polymer formulations, resulting in up to a 99.99999 % killing efficacy in 30 min. Antimicrobial peptide mimetic polymers previously active against P. aeruginosa, but not S. aureus, gain significant bactericidal activity against S. aureus through the inclusion of PS groups, with 99.998 % killing efficiency after 30 min incubation with light. Thus, a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity is achieved using two distinct mechanisms of bactericidal activity via the incorporation of a photosensitiser monomer into an antimicrobial polymer.
A Titanium Nitride Nanozyme for pH‐Responsive and Irradiation‐Enhanced Cascade‐Catalytic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Wang Aizhu , Liu Shihui , Yang Ruiqi , Wang Longwei , Gao Fene , Zhou Huige , Yu Xin , Liu Jing , Chen Chunying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanozyme‐based catalytic tumor therapy is an emerging therapeutic method with high reactivity in response to tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To overcome the current limitations of deficient catalytic activity of nanozymes, we studied the contributing factors of enzymatic activity based on non‐metallic‐atom doping and irradiation. Nitrogen doping significantly enhanced the peroxidase activity of Ti‐based nanozymes, which was shown experimentally and theoretically. Based on the excellent NIR‐adsorption‐induced surface plasmon resonance and photothermal effect, the enzymatic activity of TiN nanoparticles (NPs) was further improved under NIR laser irradiation. Hence, an acidic TME‐responsive and irradiation‐mediated cascade nanocatalyst (TLGp) is presented by using TiN‐NP‐encapsulated liposomes linked with pH‐responsive PEG‐modified glucose oxidase (GOx). The integration of pH‐responsive GOx‐mediated H2O2 self‐supply, nitrogen‐doping, and irradiation‐enhanced enzymatic activity of TiN NPs and mild‐photothermal therapy enables an effective tumor inhibition by TLGp with minimal side effects in vivo.
Solution‐Grown Chloride Perovskite Crystal of Red Afterglow
Authors: Zheng Wei , Li Xiuling , Liu Nianqiao , Yan Shao , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Xiangzhou , Liu Yeqi , Liang Yanjie , Zhang Yuhai , Liu Hong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report the growth of a halide‐based double perovskite, Cs2NaxAg1−xInCl6:y%Mn, via a facile hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C. Through a co‐doping strategy of both Na+ and Mn2+, the as‐prepared crystals exhibited a red afterglow featuring a high color purity (ca. 100 %) and a long duration time (>5400 s), three orders of magnitude longer than those solution‐processed organic afterglow crystals. The energy transfer (ET) process between self‐trapped excitons (STE) and activators was investigated through time‐resolved spectroscopy, which suggested an ET efficiency up to 41 %. Importantly, the nominal concentration of dopants, especially in the case of Na+, was found a useful tool to control both energy level and number distribution of traps. Cryogenic afterglow measurements suggested that the afterglow phenomenon was likely governed by thermal‐activated exciton diffusion and electron tunneling process.
Study of the dielectric heating of graphite oxide and its effect on the microwave‐assisted synthesis of Nylon‐6/graphite oxide polymeric hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Ledezma‐Rodríguez Raquel , Hernández Ernesto Hernández , Yáñez‐Macías Roberto , Hernández Zureima García , Zúñiga Gabriela Yolotzín Romero , Falcón María Guadalupe García , Gallardo‐Vega Carlos , Morones Pablo González 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present research focuses on the study of the microwave dielectric heating (DH) of graphite oxide (GrO) during the synthesis of Nylon‐6/GrO hybrid polymeric nanocomposites (HPNCs) employing different microwave input powers and two GrO morphologies. In this regard, we evaluated GrO powder (GrOP) with dimensions ranging from nanometers to microns and GrO films (GrOF) with millimeter lengths and micron thicknesses. Both morphologies show the same oxidation degree and concentration of functional groups. However, they differ in the number of stacked graphene oxide sheets, thus modify their surface area. The results indicated that the morphology of GrO plays a determining role in its DH behavior in the microwave‐assisted polymerization (MAP). On one hand, GrOF contains a high concentration of graphene sheets that induce both an increase in DH and the formation of hot spots. In addition, GrOF has a greater attractive force between its sheets, since its interlamellar space is smaller than 8.4 Å, which makes its exfoliation more difficult. The aforementioned effects significantly reduce the exfoliation and hybridization of GrOF. On the other hand, the larger interlamellar spacing in GrOP weakens the attractive forces compared to GrOF. The lower concentration of graphene oxide lamellae prevents the formation of hot spots, and homogeneously dissipates DH in the reaction medium, maximizing its exfoliation and hybridization. In addition, its behavior presents a defined trend concerning time. These results highlight the importance of considering the GrO morphology in the synthesis of HPNCs as it globally affects the MAPs process, as well as GrO reduction, exfoliation, and hybridization.
Comparing matrix sizes when teaching direction following to preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Solano Alondra S. , Reeve Sharon A. , Reeve Kenneth F. , DeBar Ruth M. , Dickson Chata A. , Milata Eileen M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties with multiple‐component direction following, which is likely due to the complexity of the auditory‐visual discrimination skills required to perform the instruction. In the present study, matrix training was used to establish multicomponent direction following in preschoolers with ASD. We also compared the acquisition of this skill across two different‐sized matrices (i.e., 3 × 3 and 5 × 5) to identify any possible advantages for using one size matrix over the other. Given the evidence of the efficacy of matrix training to promote recombinative generalization, we also attempted to extend this literature by assessing novel matrix generalization with a 5 × 5 matrix of verb–noun combinations when an extra verb was added (i.e., verb–noun–verb). A multiple‐probe across‐participants design was used to compare the acquisition of both trained and untrained target emergence. Results showed that the 5 × 5 matrix produced a more efficient acquisition rate for recombinative generalization targets across participants as compared to the 3 × 3 matrix. Recommendations for future research along with possible limitations are discussed.
Facile production of smart superhydrophobic nanocomposite for wood coating towards long‐lasting glow‐in‐the‐dark photoluminescence
Authors: El‐Naggar Mehrez E. , Aldalbahi Ali , Khattab Tawfik A. , Hossain Mokarram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA smart photoluminescent nanocomposite surface coating was prepared for simple industrial production of long‐persisting phosphorescence and superhydrophobic wood. The photoluminescent nanocomposite coatings were capable of continuing to emit light in the dark for prolonged time periods that could reach 1.5 h. Lanthanide‐doped aluminium strontium oxide (LASO) nanoparticles at different ratios were immobilized in polystyrene (PS) and developed as a nanocomposite coating for wood substrates. To produce transparency in the prepared nanocomposite coating, LASO was efficiently dispersed in the form of nanoscaled particles to ensure homogeneous dispersion without agglomeration in the PS matrix. The coated wood showed an absorption band at 374 nm and two emission bands at 434 nm and 518 nm. The luminescence spectra showed both long‐persisting phosphorescence as well as photochromic fluorescence relying on the LASO ratio. The improved superhydrophobicity and resistance to scratching of the coated wood could be attributed to the LASO NPs incorporated in the polystyrene matrix. Compared with the uncoated wood substrate, the coated LASO‐PS nanocomposite film also displayed photostability and high durability. The current study demonstrated the potential high‐scale manufacturing of smart wood for some applications such as safety directional signs in buildings, household products, and smart windows.
Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on anhedonia in treatment resistant major depressive disorder
Authors: Fukuda Andrew M. , Kang Jee Won Diane , Gobin Asi Polly , Tirrell Eric , Kokdere Fatih , Carpenter Linda L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnhedonia is one of the defining features of depression but it remains difficult to target and treat. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a proven treatment for depression, but its effects on anhedonia and whether anhedonia can be used as a predictive biomarker of response is not well known.MethodsSnaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale was administered to patients with depression before and after a standard course of TMS in a naturalistic outpatient setting.Results144 patients were analyzed. There was an overall significant improvement in anhedonia from pre‐ to post‐treatment (7.69 ± 3.88 vs. 2.96 ± 3.45; p < .001). Significant correlations between improvements in anhedonia and other depressive symptoms were present (r = 0.55, p < .001). Logistic regression revealed that baseline anhedonia severity was not a significant predictor of clinical outcome.ConclusionThis is the first large, naturalistic study examining the effects of standard, non‐research TMS on anhedonia. Among depressed patients, TMS resulted in significant improvements in anhedonia. Patients with severe baseline anhedonia had an equal chance of achieving clinical response/remission. Patients with anhedonia should not be excluded from treatment if they are safe for outpatient care and otherwise appropriate candidates for treatment.
Patterns and predictors of cancer‐specific patient health portal usage among patients with cancer: results from the UWCCC Survivorship Program
Authors: Luoh Rebecca P. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Chandereng Thevaa , Smith Elena M. , Carroll Cibele B. , Emamekhoo Hamid , Sesto Mary E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPortals can assist patients in managing their healthcare. Understanding how patients with cancer use portals can facilitate improvements in patient engagement in cancer care. This study sought to determine if patients with cancer used portals differently for cancer versus noncancer purposes. The effects of geographic residence (rural vs. urban residence) and cancer stage on portal usage were also investigated.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of portal usage by patients seen at an NCI‐designated cancer center between 2015 and 2019. Demographics, cancer characteristics, and portal usage (number of successful logins, messages sent, and results viewed) were extracted. Messages sent and results viewed in the portal were deemed oncologist‐specific and cancer specific if sent to or ordered in medical oncology departments, respectively.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 5950 patients with cancer. Patients were less likely to send and view oncologist‐specific messages compared to non‐oncologist‐specific messages. They were also less likely to view cancer results compared to noncancer results. Compared to urban counterparts, patients residing in rural areas had lower odds of having any logins and logged in less frequently during the year of diagnosis. Compared to patients with non‐metastatic disease, individuals with metastatic disease were more likely to become frequent portal users.ConclusionsPatients may use portals differently for cancer versus noncancer purposes; urban residence and metastatic cancer were associated with more frequent usage. Further investigation can inform interventions to increase accessibility for groups at a disadvantage related to the use of this technology and to help patients better leverage portals to manage their cancer.
Effects of pretreatments on structural and functional changes of oat protein isolate
Authors: Wang Hailin , Xiang Leiwen , Rao Pingfan , Ke Lijing , Wu Benyang , Chen Sheng , Wang Shaoyun , Shi Yuande , Su Pingping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesFor most of the application of cereal materials, sample pretreatments are considered critical factors. Different pretreatments (roasting and amylase hydrolysis) prior to extraction were employed to obtain oat protein (OP) from oat grains. The effect of pretreatment on the structure and functional properties of OPs was determined.FindingsAnalysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) revealed that the oat proteins were glycated during the roasting pretreatment and amylase hydrolysis pretreatment, of which the grafting degree was increased to 55.34 ± 0.32% by amylase hydrolysis pretreatment. These pretreatments could lead to the increase in surface hydrophobicity (H0) and thermal stability of OP, but reduced its emulsifying properties and solubility. In addition, the pretreatments also raised the content of α‐helix, turns, and random coil, but decreased β‐strand content.ConclusionsThese results suggested that glycation induced prominent changes in the secondary and tertiary structure, including the formation of a new tertiary structure.Significance and noveltyThese results are of great significance for improving the applicability of the oat pretreatment in the food industry.