bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of Medical Management and Mitomycin C-Augmented Excisional Bleb Revision for Encapsulated Filtering Blebs
Authors: Mandal Anil K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of medical management and mitomycin C (MMC)-augmented excisional bleb revision (EBR) for encapsulated filtering blebs.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The author conducted a retrospective study of 503 patients who had undergone trabeculectomy performed over a 5 year period, followed up for at least one year, in order to identify the encapsulated filtering blebs. Mitomycin C-augmented (0.4mg/ml for 3 minutes) EBR was performed in cases of failed medical therapy for managing encapsulated blebs consisting of antiglaucoma medications, topical steroids, and digital compression.
* RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 18 eyes (3.6%) of 503 patients. Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 24.2 ± 10.4 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at that point was 30.4 ± 11.7 mmHg in the affected eyes. Fifteen (83.3%) of 18 eyes responded to conservative management and 3 eyes (16.7%) required MMC augmented EBR. The mean IOP reduced from 30.4 ± 11.7 mmHg to 14.2 ± 4.2 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 37.6 ± 11.4 months in the conservative management group, while it reduced from 37.3 ± 23.4 mmHg to 12.0 ± 4.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 42 ± 6 months in the surgically treated group. None of the surgically treated eyes developed MMC-related complications.
* CONCLUSION: Conservative management is very effective in the treatment of encapsulated filtering blebs. The intraoperative use of MMC is a safe and effective adjunct in EBR in cases where conservative management has failed.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:276-284.]
Combined Central Retinal Artery and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Verma Lalit , Venkatesh Pradeep , Tewari Hem K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein is an infrequently encountered clinical entity. Although there are reports in the literature of a combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and vein,1,4,9 its occurrence following pars plana vitrectomy has not been described. We report the case of an elderly patient who developed this unusual occurrence following an uneventful pars plana vitrectomy for a posteriorly dislocated IOL.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:317-319.]
Refractive Results of Post Penetrating Keratoplasty Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Yoshida Kenji , Tazawa Yutaka , Demong Thaddeus T 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and predictability of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for severe myopia and astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: PRK was performed on 42 eyes, and 33 eyes were followed up for at least 6 months.
* RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -8.29 ± 4.01 diopters (D), which decreased to - 2.96±3.26D in manifest refraction at 6 months. Keratometric power reduced from 48.06±3.32D preoperatively to 43.97±3.40D. Refractive and keratometric astigmatism attained the reduction of 31.0% and 13.56% in average respectively. Twenty three eyes had improved uncorrected visual acuity.
* CONCLUSION: PRK was effective in reducing post-keratoplasty myopia and astigmatism, but the predictability was not as good as in the non-grafted eye.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:354-359.]
Management of Traumatic Cyclodialysis Cleft Associated With Ocular Hypotony
Authors: Kato Tsuyoshi , Hayasaka Seiji , Nagaki Yasunori , Matsumoto Masayuki 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of direct cyclopexy for treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eyes with traumatic cyclodialysis cleft were treated with direct cyclopexy or 1.0% atropine eyedrop.
* RESULTS: Five eyes with a large cyclodialysis cleft were treated with direct cyclopexy. Postoperatively, these eyes obtained normal intraocular pressure. Four of the 5 eyes had good visual acuity, and 1 eye that had preoperative subretinal hemorrhage in the macula had poor visual acuity. Of the 3 eyes treated with 1.0 % atropine eyedrops, 1 had good visual acuity, and 2 with retinal folds had fairly good and poor visual acuity.
* CONCLUSION: The present study showed that direct cyclopexy is useful for the treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony, and that the cyclodialysis should be surgically treated before irreversible retinal folds develop.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:469-472.]
Three-Dimensional Characteristics of Macular Pseudoholes Using Confocal Laser Tomography
Authors: Akiba Jun , Yanagiya Norihiko , Konno Suguru , Hikichi Taiichi , Yoshida Akitoshi 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND: Epiretinal membranes with macular pseudoholes are sometimes confused with full-thickness macular holes. Because both the natural course and clinical management of the two differ, an accurate differential diagnosis is needed.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We obtained three-dimensional images of macular pseudoholes in 12 eyes using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). Another 15 eyes with a full-thickness macular hole were also studied. In addition, we measured the area and the maximum depth of both types of holes.
* RESULTS: Irregular rippling undulations were frequently observed on the three-dimensional topographic maps around the pseudoholes, whereas elevated cuffs were observed around the full-thickness holes. The maximum depth of the macular pseudoholes (mean, 57 u,m) was significantly shallower than that of the full-thickness macular holes (mean, 156 µ?a; P< 0.01).
* CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional images obtained by the HRT and the measurement of the maximum depth may be useful in differentiating macular pseudoholes from full-thickness macular holes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:513-517.]
Treatment of Macular Disease with a Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Laser Delivery System
Authors: Friberg Thomas R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Some patients with macular disease, because of physical infirmity or disability, cannot be treated with laser photocoagulation using a typical slit lamp delivery system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope could be used to deliver treatment to the macula when photocoagulation would otherwise be very difficult, if not impossible, to perform.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 patients who could not sit for slit lamp laser delivery were treated with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser photocoagulation over a 36 month period. Eight had subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) from age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and 2 patients had clinically significant macular edema (CSME) from diabetes mellitus. Argon laser photocoagulation was delivered to the choroidal neovascular membrane in patients with exudative AMD, and a grid treatment was given to eyes with diabetic macular edema.
* RESULTS: Six of 8 patients with exudative AMD were successfully treated with eradication of the CNV. Two required retreatment within 6 months of original treatment. Both patients with CSME had resolution of their edema at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Best corrected visual acuity did not change by more than 2 Snellen lines in any patient with CNV and 1 Snellen line in patients with CSME. No complications of treatment were encountered.
* CONCLUSION: In certain circumstances, laser photocoagulation of the macula using the indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery system should be considered when more conventional treatment strategies cannot be implemented.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:518-522.]
Outcome of Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Chronic Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Thomas Ravi , Arun Triveni , Muliyil Jayaprakash , George Ronnie 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To report the effect of laser peripheral iridotomy on the angles of eyes with chronic angle closure glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The hospital records of 171 consecutive patients with chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG) seen between October 1994 and March 1997 were analyzed to study the gonioscopic outcome of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). Success was defined as open angles (with or without medications for intraocular pressure (IOP) control) following LPI at the 1 month follow-up.
* RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes of 34 patients had chronic appositional angle closure glaucoma (CAACG), and 186 eyes of 124 patients had chronic synechial angle closure glaucoma (CSACG). Seventy eyes of 57 patients that underwent primary trabeculectomy for advanced disease were excluded from the study Two hundred thirty- three eyes of 158 patients underwent LPI; the angles could be opened in 171 eyes (73.4%; confidence interval 67.7% to 79.1%) of 117 patients. Medications to control the IOP were required in 25 eyes (10.7%) of 19 patients. Fifty-four eyes of 34 patients that did not respond to LPI underwent argon laser gonioplasty. Gonioplasty was successful in opening at least 1 80° of the angle in all eyes. There was no significant difference in success between CAACG (74.5%) and CSACG (73.1%). Age, IOP, and field loss were not predictors of outcome. There was perfect concordance of results between the 2 eyes of patients who had bilateral LPI.
* CONCLUSIONS: In this series, laser iridotomy was successful in opening the angle in 73.4% of eyes. Gonioplasty opened the angle in all eyes that underwent this procedure. The effect of iridotomy on one eye was predictive of the effect on the fellow eye.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:547-553.]
Combined Scleral Buckle and Pars Plana Vitrectomy as a Primary Procedure for Pseudophakic Retinal Detachments
Authors: Devenyi Robert G , Nakamura Hudson de Carvalho 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments are associated with a lower percentage of successful primary repair with standard scleral buckling surgery, than phakic retinal detachments. The objective of this study was to determine whether a combined scleral buckle and vitrectomy, as a primary procedure, offers any advantage over conventional scleral buckling in primary pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments, without proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, non-randomized clinical study. Ninety-four consecutive pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments were included in the study. All patients were operated upon by the same surgeon. Each patient underwent a combined scleral buckle and pars plana vitrectomy with perfluorocarbon injection and air-fluid exchange. Each patient was followed by the operating surgeon for a minimum of 6 months. Patients were followed with respect to anatomic reattachment, visual acuity improvement, and surgical complications.
* RESULTS: All eyes were anatomically reattached after a single operation. All demonstrated an increase in their visual acuity, and there were no complications attributable to the vitrectomy procedure.
* CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that such a combined approach to primary pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments offers significant benefits to scleral buckling alone. We believe that the improved success rate is a function of vitrectomy contributing to both an improved peripheral visibility, resulting in fewer missed peripheral breaks, and a lower likelihood of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We recommend this combined surgical approach for all primary pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:615-618.]
Phacotrabeculectomy Without Peripheral Iridectomy
Authors: Manners Timothy D , Mireskandari Kamiar 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Peripheral iridectomy has been a long established part of glaucoma drainage surgery. This series examines the potential to dispense with iridectomy when trabeculectomy Is combined with modern small-incision cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five unselecced consecutive patients underwent a standardized phacotrabeculectomy by a single surgeon. Outcome measures included visual acuity, intraocular pressure control, and complication rates. Mean follow-up was 12.2 months.
* RESULTS: There were no complications related to lack of peripheral iridectomy. Intraocular pressure was reduced from a mean of 23.4 mm Hg (SD 5.1) to 15.9 (SD 3.8) at 6 months, and 15.4 (SD 3.5) at 12.2 months. There were 2 relative failures of surgery whose IOP reached preoperative targets with additional medical treatment. Best Snellen acuity improved by a mean of 1.5 lines.
* CONCLUSIONS: Phacotrabeculectomy without peripheral iridectomy appears to be safe, although we consider that a corneal fístula and careful control of postoperative overdrainage is necessary to allow this. The success rate and lack of complications is good by comparison with other series. This could be related to the absence of release of factors influencing healing at the time of an iridectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:631-635.]
Subthreshold (Invisible) Modified Grid Diode Laser Photocoagulation in Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema (DDME)
Authors: Akduman Levent , Olk R Joseph 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of subthreshold (invisible) diode laser (810 nm) modified grid photocoagulation for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME).
* METHODS: Fifty eyes of 29 patients were treated with subthreshold (invisible) diode laser modified grid photocoagulation for DDME in a prospective pilot clinical trial. Follow-up was conducted for a minimum of 6 months (average: 14.11 ± 6.15 months). Retreatment was performed for residual edema involving the foveal avascular zone. Ten patients were tested with Goldman visual field pre- and post-treatment. Visual improvement, visual loss, visual field, reduction/elimination of macular edema, and the number of treatments per eye were studied.
* RESULTS: Reduction/elimination of DDME was observed in 39% of the eyes after 1 to 3 treatments (2.22 ± 0.84 treatments) in 6 to 12 months; and in 74% of eyes after 1 to 5 treatments (2.90 ± 1.02 treatments) 15-24 months follow-up. The presence of cystoid macular edema, initial poor visual acuity, or a history of systemic hypertension did not affect the outcome. Patients without a history of systemic vascular diseases had a better chance of visual stabilization or improvement. Eighty-eight percent of the patients had at least stable vision at the last follow-up. Two out of 10 visual field tests showed a decrease in paracentral scotomas; no post-treatment subjective complaints of increased paracentral scotomas were encountered.
* CONCLUSION: Subthreshold (invisible) diode laser modified grid photocoagulation is effective in reducing/eliminating DDME, although resolution of edema may be slightly prolonged. However, this method may be advantageous in that it appears to reduce the objective and subjective effect on the paracentral visual field. Subthreshold (invisible) diode laser modified grid photocoagulation substantially reduces the post-treatment atrophie scarring.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999:30:706-714.]
Racial Differences in Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injections Among Commercially Insured Beneficiaries
Authors: Al-Moujahed Ahmad , Vail Daniel , Do Diana V. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
This study assessed racial and ethnic differences in receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections among commercially insured patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of 104,430 patients diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in the Optum Research Database between 2011 and 2016. Main outcomes included receiving an intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment; the first type of treatment received, if any; and subsequent treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept among patients who were first treated with bevacizumab.

RESULTS:

In a logistic regression model in all 104,430 patients, Asian patients were significantly less likely to receive an anti-VEGF treatment compared to white patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.725; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.667–0.789;
P
< .001), but Black and Hispanic patients were not. Overall, 19.9% (n = 20,753) of all included patients received treatment with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF or steroids. In multinomial logistic models of treatment type among all patients who received intravitreal injections, Hispanic patients were less likely than white patients to initially be treated with ranibizumab (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.776; 95% CI, 0.647–0.929;
P
= .006) or aflibercept (RRR = 0.794; 95% CI, 0.654–0.964;
P
= .020). Black and Asian patients were not significantly more or less likely to receive different types of first-line injections compared to white patients. Among 17,092 patients who received bevacizumab as first-line therapy, Hispanic patients were less likely to subsequently transition to aflibercept than their white counterparts (RRR = 0.756; 95% CI, 0.634–0.903;
P
= .002).

CONCLUSIONS:
The authors found minimal racial and ethnic differences in receiving anti-VEGF treatment among commercially insured patients with wet AMD, diabetic retinopathy, CRVO, and BRVO. These results are limited by the fact that all of the patients included were commercially insured, and there are limited data on the socioeconomic status of the patients in their sample.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:208–217.]
La liminalité d’un contre-public sur YouTube
Authors: Mesangeau Julien , Morin Céline 
Published: April 2021

Comment les contre-publics se consolident-ils en ligne, et comment mobilisent-ils l’espace public numérique comme arène symbolique pour la production du lien social et la publicisation de leurs idéologies ? Cet article propose de comprendre les « rites de marge » dans les conversations en ligne comme des rituels qui visent tant l’identification et l’allégeance à une communauté que le cadrage discursif des participants. Le terrain est celui de la manosphère, soit le contre-public antiféministe défendant le retour à un régime politique patriarcal, dont la valeur principale est sa relation contre le sens commun. À cet égard, les traces en ligne doivent à la fois être saisies en elles-mêmes, et dans le cadre d’une stratégie politique largement pensée hors ligne. Cet article exploite la notion de « chambre d’écho » afin de construire un outil de sélection des commentateurs, faisant passer la manosphère de « big-data » à un réseau de taille modérée, et permettant de dérouler une enquête à la fois quantitative et qualitative dans le réseau des commentaires. Ce faisant, la visualisation de données crée un cadrage méthodologique solide pour, d’abord, l’identification des acteurs-clés d’une contre-culture, et, ensuite, la démarche ethnographique visant, elle, la compréhension des rituels liminaires et des ré-ordonnancements des discours.
Les nouveaux outils technologiques dans le milieu du sport
Authors: Phomsoupha Michael , Truedic François Le , Bars Hervé Le 
Published: April 2021

La science du sport a permis de comprendre les adaptations de l’humain face à des efforts extrêmes. Pour obtenir des informations précises, la technologie a ouvert le champ des possibles. Avec l’arrivée du microscope, on a pu voir les virus et les microbes invisibles à l’œil nu. Cependant, ces outils scientifiques onéreux ne peuvent être utilisés sans compréhension des résultats. L’apparition de la chronophotographie a favorisé la quantification du mouvement et le développement de la cinématique moderne. Ces nouvelles méthodes ont fait apparaître de nouvelles informations amenant à d’autres perspectives. Toutefois, la capture cinématique en laboratoire est contraignante pour le sportif et celui-ci ne se retrouve plus dans son « milieu naturel ». Pour répondre à cela, scientifiques et ingénieurs ont mis au point, à l’aide des technologies actuelles, des systèmes afin de recueillir des données sur le terrain. À travers l’arrivée des smartphones et des appareils photos intégrés, ils ont amélioré la portabilité du système et l’obtention des variables. De cela, de nouvelles données émergent et complètent les connaissances déjà obtenues. Ainsi, la quantité d’informations devient importante et le choix de la pertinence ou des variable(s) clé(s) peut être altérée.
Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of central and northeastern Washington, United States of America, with cytogenetic emphasis on the Simulium arcticum complex
Authors: Shields Gerald F. , Shields John P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe made 28 collections of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) at 24 locations in central and northeastern Washington state, United States of America, and identified 10 species in three genera, including Simulium arcticum Malloch, which we studied cytogenetically. We analysed 745 larvae of S. arcticum cytogenetically from nine of the 11 sites where it occurred; five sites had small sample sizes. For the collections with large sample sizes, the distribution of S. arcticum may have a geographic pattern. Larvae in western tributaries of the Columbia River have the sex-linked IIL-2 inversion and heterozygotes for the IS-1 autosomal polymorphism in abundance but lack the IIL-21 sex-linked inversion, whereas larvae in eastern tributaries of the Columbia River possess the IIL-21 inversion but lack IIL-2 and the IS-1 inversions. A cytotype new to science, S. arcticum IIL-81, occurs in some larvae at the Methow River in the eastern Cascades region. All females, regardless of location, possess enhanced (Ce Ce) centromere bands in their IIL-chromosomes, whereas all males possess the enhanced, thin (Ce Ct) centromere band dimorphism. The Methow River had nine types of chromosomally identified males in 2019 and eight types in 2020.
Parasitoid community responds indiscriminately to fluctuating spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and other caterpillars on balsam fir (Pinaceae)
Authors: Greyson-Gaito Christopher J. , McCann Kevin S. , Fründ Jochen , Lucarotti Christopher J. , Smith M. Alex , Eveleigh Eldon S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe world is astoundingly variable, and organisms – from individuals to whole communities – must respond to variability to survive. One example of nature’s variability is the fluctuations in populations of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which cycle every 35 years. In this study, we examined how a parasitoid community altered its parasitism of budworm and other caterpillar species in response to these fluctuations. Budworm and other caterpillar species were sampled from balsam fir (Pinaceae) in three plots for 14 years in Atlantic Canada, then were reared to identify any emerging parasitoids. We found that the parasitoid community generally showed an indiscriminate response (i.e., no preference, where frequencies dictated parasitism rates) to changes in budworm frequencies relative to other caterpillar species on balsam fir. We also observed changes in topology and distributions of interaction strengths between the parasitoids, budworm, and other caterpillar species as budworm frequencies fluctuated. Our study contributes to the hypothesis that hardwood trees are a critical part of the budworm–parasitoid food web, where parasitoids attack other caterpillar species on hardwood trees when budworm populations are low. Taken together, our results show that a parasitoid community collectively alters species interactions in response to variable budworm frequencies, thereby fundamentally shifting food-web pathways.