bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of at-home and in-office bleaching and three composite types (hybrid, microhybrid, and nanofilled) on repair shear bond strength of aged composites
Authors: Zakavi Faramarz , Johar Najmeh , Moalemnia Mina , Rakhshan Vahid 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Only a few controversial studies have assessed the repair bond strength of a fresh composite to aged composite. Moreover, no studies exist on repair bond strength of fresh composites to bleached composites. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to assess repair shear bond strength (SBS) of three composites bonded to nonbleached and at-home and in-office bleached composites.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental in vitro study, 108 disks (36 specimens per composite) of hybrid, microhybrid, and nanofilled composites were divided into three subgroups of three bleaching treatments: no bleaching (control), at-home bleaching, and in-office bleaching. Composite disks were incubated for 4 weeks in artificial saliva (also dipped in tea and coffee for 3 h a day). They were then thermocycled (5000 cycles). Afterward, the control group remained unbleached, while the other groups were bleached according to office and home bleaching methods. They were repaired with the same composite type. Their repair SBS and mode of failure were measured and analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey, one-sample t-test, and Chi-square tests (α = 0.05, β = 0.2).

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) SBS values of hybrid, microhybrid, and nanofilled composites were 20.71 ± 5.99, 21.06 ± 6.68, and 9.46 ± 4.32 MPa, respectively. The mean SBS values of the bleaching techniques “home bleaching, office bleaching, and no bleaching (control)” were, respectively, 16.35 ± 7.13, 16.39 ± 8.07, and 18.49 ± 8.35 MPa. There was a significant difference among composites (two-way ANOVA P = 0.000) but not among nonbleaching/bleaching methods (P = 0.176). Their interaction was significant (P = 0.017). The difference between hybrid and microhybrid was not significant. Nevertheless, nanofilled had significantly poorer results compared to both hybrid and microhybrid composites (Tukey P = 0.000). Both hybrid and microhybrid were capable of producing satisfactory clinical repair bond strengths (above 20 MPa) regardless of bleaching or lack of it. Nanofilled composite failed to provide proper repair SBS values, even in the control (no-bleaching) group. By moving from Z100 or from Z250 to Z350, modes of failure shifted from mostly cohesive to mostly adhesive (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bleaching of an aged composite might not affect the repair bond strength. Hybrid and microhybrid composites can provide clinically acceptable repair bond strengths, regardless of bleaching. Nonetheless, nanofilled composite is inferior to them and cannot provide appropriate repair bond strengths (regardless of bleaching).
Histological assessment of the local effect of different concentrations of aminoguanidine hydrochloride on bone healing in rats
Authors: Farhad Ali Reza , Razavi Fahimeh , Razavi Sayed Mohammad , Saatchi Masoud , Manshaei Maziar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Nitric oxide (NO) has several functions in bone healing and affects bone metabolism. Selective inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitors can be used to assess the efficacy of NO for healing of bone defects. This study sought to assess the local effect of different concentrations of aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), a selective iNOS inhibitor, on bone healing in rats.

Materials and Methods:
In this animal experimental study, 72 rats were divided into six groups of control, placebo, 5% AG, 10% AG, 15% AG, and 20% AG. A bone defect measuring 5 mm × 5 mm was created in the femur. The defect remained empty in the control group. In the placebo group, neutral gel was placed in the bone defect, and in the remaining four AG groups, different concentrations of AG were applied to the defects. Bone healing was assessed histologically. The healing score in the six groups was analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The healing score in 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5% AG groups was significantly higher than that in the neutral gel and control groups (P < 0.01). Among the four groups of AG, 20% concentration showed better results, but the difference was not significant.

Conclusion:
Four concentrations of AG caused greater bone healing compared to the other two groups. Selective iNOS inhibitors such as AG can be used to promote local bone healing.
The effect of complete dentures on edentulous patients’ oral health-related quality of life in long-term
Authors: Martins Angela M. C. , Guimarães Ludmila S. , Campos Camila H. , Küchler Erika C. , Pereira Daniele M. S. , Maia Lucianne C. , Antunes Leonardo S. , Antunes Lívia A. A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
To evaluate whether the long-term use of complete dentures (CD) into promotes significant changes in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. A broad search in Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Grey Literature, clinical trials registers and manual search was done. The eligibility criteria were based on population, intervention, comparisons and outcome: (P) edentulous patients, (I) CDs rehabilitation, (C) OHRQoL after CD, (O) change in scores of OHRQoL. Two independent reviewers applied the eligibility criteria, collected qualitative data, performed methodological quality and evaluated the certainty of the evidence (grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation). The meta-analysis was analyzed in RevMan 5.4 with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 2452 records were identified. Twenty-four articles were included in qualitative synthesis. Nineteen studies were qualified as good, 3 as fair and 2 as poor quality. Twelve studies were included in quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). The use of CD did not improved OHRQoL in a period of 3 months through the assessment of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) instrument (P = 0.55; CI; 6.86 [−15.60, 29.31]), and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) (P = 0.05; CI; −14.91 [−29.87, 0.04]), with very low certainty of evidence. In a long term, 6 months, GOHAI instrument (P < 0.00001; CI; 16.22 [10.70, 21.74]), OHIP 20 (P = 0.02; CI; −11.09 [−20.54, −1.64]) and OHIP-EDENT (P = 0.0004; CI; −8.59 [−13.32, −3.86]) showed improvement on OHRQoL, with very low and low evidence of certainty, respectively.

Conclusion:
CD has the strong potential to contribute to oral health-related quality of life in long-term.
IL29 expression in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients
Authors: Tabari Zahra Alizadeh , Hematzadeh Somayeh , Keshani Forooz 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is one of the cytokines which has immunomodulatory properties and might play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical analysis of IL-29 in gingival tissues of chronic and aggressive periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study based on clinical evaluation and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis, 13 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal flap and crown lengthening surgery in periodontal patients and healthy individuals, respectively. Tissue samples were examined to determine the level of IL-29 expression by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using SPSS and paired t-test, ANOVA test, and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05).

Results:
A total of 53 participants (34 females and 19 males) were enrolled in this study. IL-29 expression in the connective tissue of the patient groups was more than the healthy one (P < 0.001). In the aggressive periodontitis group, there was a significant increase of IL-29 expression compared to the other two groups, but there was no significant difference between the chronic periodontitis and healthy groups.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, IL-29 expression was increased in the gingival tissue of aggressive and chronic periodontitis. IL-29 local expression in aggressive periodontitis is higher than the chronic periodontitis and healthy groups, which could suggest the role of IL-29 in the etiopathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis.
Oral manifestations among COVID-19
Authors: Subramaniam Tulsi , Nikalje Monali R. , Jadhav Sameer 
Published: August 2021

Background:
COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 took the entire world by a storm with the medical fraternity struggling to understand and comprehend its complex nature. A number of patients who are COVID positive have reported oral lesions. However, there is still a lingering question, whether these lesions are because of coronavirus infection or they are secondary to the patient’s systemic condition. This article aims to report the oral findings of an observational study of 713 patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A singlssswe-institution, short-term observational study was conducted on patients admitted to Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Lavale, Pune who were positive to coronavirus, who presented varied oral findings such as herpes simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, and aphthous ulcer.

Results:
A total of 713 patients, 416 males and 297 females, who were positive to coronavirus, were screened from April 2020 to June 30, 2020, for oral ulcers. In this group, nine patients reported oral discomfort due to varied forms of oral lesions ranging from herpes simplex ulcers to angular cheilitis (1.26%).

Conclusion:
This study supports the hypothesis that oral manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 could be secondary lesions resulting from local irritants or from the deterioration of systemic health or could be just coexisting conditions. No specific pattern or characteristic oral lesions were noted in a study of 713 COVID-positive patients in our study to qualify these lesions as oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Comparative clinical evaluation of modified and conventional Grayson’s presurgical nasoalveolar molding technique in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Thakur Seema , Jishad C. , Singhal Parul , Chauhan Deepak 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) was introduced by Grayson et al., in 1993 to presurgically mold the alveolus, lip, and nose in infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP). The aim of this comparative clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of Modified and Conventional Grayson’s PNAM in patients concerning morphological and anatomical changes in maxillary alveolus, nasal symmetry, number of visits, and duration of treatment.

Materials and Methods:
In this comparative clinical trial study, 16 infants with unilateral complete CLP were equally divided into two groups: Group I (modified PNAM technique using titanium molybdenum alloy [TMA] wire nasal stent) and Group II (conventional PNAM technique using stainless steel wire nasal stent). Patient photographic evaluation of nasal symmetry and maxillary study model CAD-CAM analysis, pre- and post-operatively in both groups, were compared using a paired t-test between the groups using the Chi-square test with P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:
In both groups, on evaluating nasal measurements, statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in nasal width and increase in columella deviation angle, a decrease of nostril length, and an increase of columella length in Group I were observed. On maxillary study model evaluation, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in width of the alveolar cleft was noticed in both groups and lateral deviation of the incisal point in Group I and width of the palatal cleft in Group II was noticed.

Conclusion:
This study showed a morphological improvement in nasal symmetry and maxillary alveolar morphology in complete unilateral CLP patients, treated with both Modified and Conventional PNAM techniques, with the Modified PNAM technique being more efficient for treatment duration and the number of adjustments as there are less number of visits.
Mothers' Perception of COVID-19 Infection in Their Under-Five Children Presenting in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-East Nigeria and Associated Factors
Authors: Chinawa Awoere Tamunosiki , Chinawa Josephat Maduabuchi , Ossai Edmund Ndudi , Igwe Wilson Chukwuneke , Nduaguba Obinna Chukwuebuka , Aronu Ann Ebele 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Maternal attitude to health-seeking behavior of their under-five children in the COVID-19 pandemic is not well-known.

Objectives:
This study is aimed at determining mothers' perception of COVID-19 pandemic among their under-five children and associated factors.

Methodology:
This is a prospective and observational study carried out in two health institutions in South-East Nigeria.

Results:
Most subjects, 243 (65.3%) noted that someone without showing symptoms of COVID-19 could transmit the virus. Of the mothers of children under-five, 271 (72.8%) highlighted the possibility of COVID-19 infection in the under-five. A small number of participants 53 (14.2%) showed awareness that people should cough into their elbows as a way of preventing the transmission of COVID-19. A small number of participants, 160 (43.0%) had a good perception of COVID-19. Majority of mothers who were married, 148 (44.7%) showed a good perception of COVID-19 when compared with those who were single, 12 (29.3%); however, this is not significant, (χ2 = 3.550, P = 0.060). A large number of participants who have attained tertiary education, 92 (48.9%) had a good perception of COVID-19 which is higher than that seen in mothers with secondary education 68 (37.0%) (χ2
= 5.444, P = 0.020). Participants who were 30–34 years had 1.8 times higher odds of good perception of COVID 19 compared with mothers who were more than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.803, 95% confidence interval = 1.026–3.170).

Conclusion:
Although most mothers affirm that a child could be infected by COVID-19, a small number of them actually had a good perception of COVID-19 infection. Good perception of COVID-19 among the under-five is enhanced by the high level of education and age of 32–34 years.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Predictors of Preventive Practices Toward COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Philip Adewale , Oke Gabriel Ilerioluwa , Fadele Kehinde Precious , Awotunde Titilope Abisola 
Published: August 2021

Background:
COVID-19 quickly assumed a global epidemic with its attendant health, socio-political and economic impacts. Healthcare workers are particularly at increasing risk of being infected and transmitting the virus. This study assessed knowledge, attitude, practice and predictors of preventive practices toward COVD-19 among healthcare workers in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study. Data were collected online among health workers across health facilities in Ogbomoso. Factors associated with good practices were analyzed using Chi-square. Predictors of good preventive practices were determined by multivariate binary logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was determined to be at P < 0.05.

Results:
There were 132 study participants; with an average age of 31 years. Fifty-eight percent were medical laboratory scientists. Levels of good knowledge, attitude, and practices were 59.1%, 58.3%, and 38.6%, respectively. Eight-seven percent of respondents sourced COVID-19 related information via the mass media. Ninety-four percent of respondents will not stay at home if sick because of work. Age, profession, and knowledge are significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive practices. The predictors (Model II) of good COVID-19 preventive practices include being a laboratory scientist (odds ratio [OR]: 2.44 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 6.71]; P = 0.039), working in primary health facility (OR: 4.72 [95%CI: 1.08, 20.67]; P = 0.039) and having good COVID-19 knowledge (OR: 3.71 [95%CI: 1.49–9.925]; P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Our study has shown the predictors of good COVID-19 preventive practices among healthcare workers and the need for policy and practice change as it relates to COVID-19 infection prevention and mitigation among healthcare workers.
Awareness and Acceptance of Harm Reduction Services in a Nigerian Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Onu Justus Uchenna , Chinawa Francis C. , Nduanya Ujunwa C. , Maduka Nonso B. C. , Iyidobi Theclar Ogochukwu , Igwe Monday N. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
There are burgeoning data on harm reduction services (HRSs) as a viable alternative to the traditional means of dealing with substance abuse in the developed countries. Despite the numerous benefits, its awareness and acceptability in developing economies such as Nigeria have been constrained by sociocultural and political factors. However, the specific patients' and caregivers' barriers to its uptake have not been evaluated in Nigeria.

Aim:
This study aimed to examine the awareness and acceptability of HRS among patients and caregivers in Enugu, South-Eastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a descriptive survey of patients with substance use disorders and their family caregivers at Enugu. Awareness and acceptance of HRS were assessed using questions adapted from the harm reduction survey.

Results:
The majority of patients and caregivers (76.5% and 88.2%, respectively) were not aware of HRS. Compared to family caregivers, the patients were more likely to rate themselves more favourably disposed to accepting HRS (U = 2750.00, p < 0.001). The common reasons given for accepting HRS among the patients were centered on autonomy and the unrealistic nature of abstinence. The reasons for rejection by family caregivers were hinged on encouraging use, community resistance, and scandals to the family.

Conclusion:
This study highlighted the low awareness of both patients and their caregivers to the availability of HRS as a treatment option in Nigeria. It is hoped that these findings will provide some invaluable data to policy makers and clinicians in designing policies and in public education to improve service utilization by the public.
El marco jurídico del sistema español de bibliotecas
Authors: España Pérez José Alberto 
Published: August 2021

Las bibliotecas públicas constituyen un instrumento único para acceder a la información y posibilitar el desarrollo cultural y social en aras del artículo 44 de la Constitución española que garantiza el derecho de todos los ciudadanos a la cultura. En virtud de la Carta Magna, las Comunidades Autónomas han asumido competencias plenas en materia de cultura y, en concreto, en bibliotecas. De forma que todas ellas han promulgado sus propias leyes para regular sus correspondientes sistemas bibliotecarios.
Por ello, el presente trabajo pretende adentrarse en el marco jurídico de los sistemas bibliotecarios de España, teniendo en cuenta los tres niveles administrativos y prestando especial atención al régimen andaluz. Desde un punto de vista didáctico, se profundiza en la vigente normativa estatal partiendo de sus raíces legislativas primitivas para detenerse en un análisis comparativo de las diversas normas autonómicas, y, terminando con los aspectos más significativos que caracterizan el servicio público de bibliotecas municipales, así como las educativas.
Notas de Jurisprudencia.- Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Escribano López Francisco 
Published: August 2021

SUMARIO:
I. Constitución. A. Fuerza normativa. B. Interpretación.
II. Derechos y libertades. A. Derechos fundamentales y libertades públicas. B. Derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos. C. Principios rectores de la política social y económica. D. Garantía y suspensión de estos derechos.
III. Principios jurídicos básicos.
IV. Instituciones del Estado. A. La Corona. B. Las Cortes Generales. C. El Tribunal Constitucional. D. La Administración Pública. E. El Poder Judicial.
V. Fuentes.
VI. Organización territorial del Estado. A. Comunidades Autónomas. A.1. Autonomía. A.2. Competencias. B. Corporaciones Locales.B.1. Autonomía B.2. Competencias.
VII. Economía y Hacienda. A. Principios generales. B. Presupuestos. C. Organización territorial. D. Tribunal de Cuentas.
Salud electrónica: perspectiva y realidad
Authors: Expósito Gázquez Ariana 
Published: August 2021

SINOPSIS:
“La salud electrónica” es una obra colectiva que, bajo la dirección del Prof. Juan Francisco Pérez Gálvez, aborda de manera brillante la temática objeto de estudio. Este libro se presenta como el colofón a una larga trayectoria investigadora de los distintos autores en el ámbito de la salud, tanto del marco jurídico normativo, como de la relación con el personal sanitario. La apertura de distintas perspectivas de investigación permite un análisis exhaustivo desde un ámbito general de la salud electrónica, pero también sectorial de las distintas parcelas que lo configuran. Con la finalidad de dilucidar la regulación jurídica de la e-salud, el trabajo se estructura en nueve capítulos que, programáticamente, van resolviendo las distintas disyuntivas que presenta la materia.
Um breve retorno à disputa entre universalismo e relativismo
Authors: Caillé Alain 
Published: August 2021

Desde seu início, o MAUSS (Movimento AntiUtilitarista nas Ciências Sociais) tem estado em busca de um relativismo cultural aceitável. Um de seus pontos de partida - além da crítica ao utilitarismo e da referência ao Ensaio sobre o dom de Mauss – foi um apelo ao outro que fiz, com Gérald Berthoud, e, com Serge Latouche, uma crítica à ocidentalização do mundo e, portanto, às pretensões do Ocidente de impor seu universalismo em toda parte, a começar pelo universalismo da economia de mercado e o imperativo do desenvolvimento. Mas como podemos defender o ideal democrático - e a fortiori uma certa ancoragem à esquerda - enquanto professamos a ideia de igual valor ou dignidade de todas as culturas, sabendo que muitos estão longe de defender a democracia (e não vamos nem falar de igualdade entre homens e mulheres)? Deveríamos dizer que o que é bom para nós não é bom para eles - e vice-versa - e parar por aí, dizendo a nós mesmos que assim, cada um ficando em casa, as vacas serão bem cuidadas? Mas, mesmo supondo que esta posição seja, em princípio, defensável, não se esbarra no fato de que no final não sabemos muito bem quem somos "nós" e quem são "eles"? Que nem "nós" nem "eles" são dotados de identidade e homogeneidade suficientes para serem facilmente identificáveis. Que existem eles em nós e nós neles.
Degrowth oppen letter
Authors: Degrowth International 
Published: August 2021

The Coronavirus pandemic has already taken countless lives and it is uncertain how it will develop in the future. While people on the front lines of healthcare and basic social provisioning are fighting against the spread of the virus, caring for the sick and keeping essential operations running, a large part of the economy has come to a standstill. While this situation is numbing and painful for many, creating fear and anxiety about those we love and the communities we are part of, it is also a moment to collectively bring new ideas forward.