bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System design and engineering trade‐off analytics: State of the published practice
Authors: Parnell Gregory S. , Kenley C. Robert , Whitcomb Clifford A. , Palanikumar Karthikeyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSystem design and engineering involves making decisions involving multiple stakeholders with diverse and, potentially conflicting, objectives. As more and more data become available with digital engineering, big data, and data science, trade‐off analytics will be an increasing important tool for engineers. We used a structured literature survey with Web of Science key words and bibliographic, categorical, and bibliometric analysis to answer 14 research questions. As our literature survey demonstrates, trade‐off analysis can be found in almost every engineering domain. We provide several insights from the literature survey for educators and practitioners.
Impacts ofacoustic‐phoneticvariability on perceptual development for spoken language: A review
Authors: Quam Carolyn , Creel Sarah C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article reviews research on when acoustic‐phonetic variability facilitates, inhibits, or does not impact perceptual development for spoken language, to illuminate mechanisms by which variability aids learning of language sound patterns. We first summarize structures and sources of variability. We next present proposed mechanisms to account for how and why variability impacts learning. Finally, we review effects of variability in the domains of speech‐sound category and pattern learning; word‐form recognition and word learning; and accent processing. Variability can be helpful, harmful, or neutral depending on the learner's age and learning objective. Irrelevant variability can facilitate children's learning, particularly for early learning of words and phonotactic rules. For speech‐sound change detection and word‐form recognition, children seem either unaffected or impaired by irrelevant variability. At the same time, inclusion of variability in training can aid generalization. Variability between accents may slow learning—but with the longer‐term benefits of improved comprehension of multiple accents. By highlighting accent as a form of acoustic‐phonetic variability and considering impacts of dialect prestige on children's learning, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of how exposure to multiple accents impacts language development and may have implications for literacy development.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language AcquisitionPsychology > LanguagePsychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Neutrino portal to FIMP dark matter with an early matter era
Authors: Cosme Catarina , Dutra Maíra , Ma Teng , Wu Yongcheng , Yang Litao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter candidates through a neutrino portal. We consider a hidden sector comprised of a fermion and a complex scalar, with the lightest one regarded as a FIMP candidate. We implement the Type-I Seesaw mechanism for generating the masses of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos by introducing three heavy neutrinos which are assumed to be degenerated, for simplicity, and are also responsible for mediating the interactions be- tween the hidden and the SM sectors. We assume that an early matter-dominated (EMD) era took place for some period between inflation and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, making the Universe to expand faster than in the standard radiation-dominated era. In this case, the hidden and SM sectors are easily decoupled and larger couplings between FIMPs and SM particles are needed from the relic density constraints. In this context, we discuss the dynamics of dark matter throughout the modified cosmic history, evaluate the relevant constraints of the model and discuss the consequences of the duration of the EMD era for the dark matter production. Finally, we show that if the heavy neutrinos are not part of the thermal bath, this scenario becomes testable through indirect detection searches.
Predicting recessions with a frontier measure of output gap: an application to Italian economy
Authors: Mastromarco Camilla , Simar Léopold , Zelenyuk Valentin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the long and great history, developed institutions, and high level of physical and human capital, the Italian economy has been fairly stagnant during the last three decades. In this paper, we merge two streams of literature: nonparametric methods to estimate frontier efficiency of an economy, which allows us to develop a new measure of output gap, and nonparametric methods to estimate probability of an economic recession. To illustrate the new framework, we use quarterly data for Italy from 1995 to 2019 and find that our model, using either nonparametric or the linear probit model, is able to provide useful insights.
A Multicenter Study to Evaluate Harmonization of Assays for C-Terminal Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (ß-CTX): A Report from the IFCC-IOF Committee for Bone Metabolism (C-BM)
Authors: Cavalier E. , Eastell R. , Jørgensen N. R. , Makris K. , Tournis S. , Vasikaran S. , Kanis J. A. , Cooper C. , Pottel H. , Morris H. A. ,   on behalf of the IFCC-IOF Committee for Bone Metabolism (C-BM)
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Biochemical bone turnover markers are useful tools to assess bone remodeling. C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ß-CTX) has been recommended as a reference marker for bone resorption in research studies.

Methods
We describe the results of a multicenter study for routine clinical laboratory assays for ß-CTX in serum and plasma. Four centers (Athens GR, Copenhagen DK, Liege BE and Sheffield UK) collected serum and plasma (EDTA) samples from 796 patients presenting to osteoporosis clinics. Specimens were analyzed in duplicate with each of the available routine clinical laboratory methods according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Passing-Bablok regressions, Bland–Altman plots, V-shape evaluation method, and Concordance correlation coefficient for ß-CTX values between serum and plasma specimens and between methods were used to determine the agreement between results. A generalized linear model was employed to identify possible variables that affected the relationship between the methods. Two pools of serum were finally prepared and sent to the four centers to be measured in 5-plicates on 5 consecutive days with the different methods.

Results
We identified significant variations between methods and between centers although comparison results were generally more consistent in plasma compared to serum. We developed univariate linear regression equations to predict Roche Elecsys®, IDS-iSYS, or IDS ELISA ß-CTX results from any other assay and a multivariable model including the site of analysis, the age, and weight of the patient. The coefficients of determination (R2) increased from approximately 0.80 in the univariate model to approximately 0.90 in the multivariable one, with the site of analysis being the major contributing factor. Results observed on the pools also suggest that long-term storage could explain the difference observed with the different methods on serum.

Conclusion
Our results show large within- and between-assay variation for ß-CTX measurement, particularly in serum. Stability of the analyte could be one of the explanations. More studies should be undertaken to overcome this problem. Until harmonization is achieved, we recommend measuring ß-CTX by the same assay on EDTA plasma, especially for research purposes in large pharmacological trials where samples can be stored for long periods before they are assayed.
Reversible thrombocytopenia during hibernation originates from storage and release of platelets in liver sinusoids
Authors: de Vrij Edwin L. , Bouma Hjalmar R. , Goris Maaike , Weerman Ulrike , de Groot Anne P. , Kuipers Jeroen , Giepmans Ben N. G. , Henning Robert H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmobility is a risk factor for thrombosis due to low blood flow, which may result in activation of the coagulation system, recruitment of platelets and clot formation. Nevertheless, hibernating animals—who endure lengthy periods of immobility—do not show signs of thrombosis throughout or after hibernation. One of the adaptations of hemostasis in hibernators consists of a rapidly reversible reduction of the number of circulating platelets during torpor, i.e., the hibernation phase with reduction of metabolic rate, low blood flow and immobility. It is unknown whether these platelet dynamics in hibernating hamsters originate from storage and release, as suggested for ground squirrel, or from breakdown and de novo synthesis. A reduction in detaching forces due to low blood flow can induce reversible adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall, which is called margination. Here, we hypothesized that storage-and-release by margination to the vessel wall induces reversible thrombocytopenia in torpor. Therefore, we transfused labeled platelets in hibernating Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and platelets were analyzed using flow cytometry and electron microscopy. The half-life of labeled platelets was extended from 20 to 30 h in hibernating animals compared to non-hibernating control hamsters. More than 90% of labeled platelets were cleared from the circulation during torpor, followed by emergence during arousal which supports storage-and-release to govern thrombocytopenia in torpor. Furthermore, the low number of immature platelets, plasma level of interleukin-1α and normal numbers of megakaryocytes in bone marrow make platelet synthesis or megakaryocyte rupture via interleukin-1α unlikely to account for the recovery of platelet counts upon arousal. Finally, using large-scale electron microscopy we revealed platelets to accumulate in liver sinusoids, but not in spleen or lung, during torpor. These results thus demonstrate that platelet dynamics in hibernation are caused by storage and release of platelets, most likely by margination to the vessel wall in liver sinusoids. Translating the molecular mechanisms that govern platelet retention in the liver, may be of major relevance for hemostatic management in (accidental) hypothermia and for the development of novel anti-thrombotic strategies.
Beyond protein intake: does dietary fat intake in the year preceding pregnancy and during pregnancy have an impact on gestational diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Qiao Tian , Chen Yue , Duan Ruonan , Chen Mengxue , Xue Hongmei , Tian Guo , Liang Yi , Zhang Jieyi , He Fang , Yang Dagang , Gong Yunhui , Zhou Rong , Cheng Guo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Studies regarding the association between dietary fat intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited and provide conflicting findings. Thus, the study aims to examine the association of dietary fat intake in the year preceding pregnancy and during pregnancy with the risk of GDM, taking the relevance of dietary protein intake on GDM into consideration.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted in 6299 singleton pregnancies, using the data from the Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary fat intake in the year preceding pregnancy and during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prospective associations of dietary fat intake and the type and source of dietary fats in different time windows with GDM risk.

Results
Higher intake of total fat [OR (95% CI): 2.21 (1.19–4.20), P = 0.02] during 12–22 weeks of gestation was associated with higher GDM risk. However, adjustment for animal protein intake greatly attenuated this association [OR (95% CI): 1.81 (0.93, 3.64), P = 0.11]. Total fat intake neither in the year preceding pregnancy nor during the early pregnancy was associated with GDM risk. Moreover, insignificant associations were observed between intakes of vegetable fat, animal fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid one year before pregnancy and during the first and second trimesters and GDM risk.

Conclusion
Our study indicated that dietary fat intake one year before pregnancy and across the two pregnancy trimesters preceding the diagnosis of GDM has no relevance on GDM risk among Chinese women, particularly those with normal BMI, low, or normal calorie intake.
Elongational viscosity scaling of polymer melts with different chemical constituents
Authors: Narimissa Esmaeil , Poh Leslie , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorelly et al. (Macromolecules 52:915-922, 2019) reported transient and steady-state elongational viscosity data of monodisperse linear polymer melts obtained by filament-stretching rheometry with locally controlled strain and strain rate and found different power law scaling of the elongational viscosities of polystyrene, poly(tert-butylstyrene) and poly(methyl-methacrylate). Very good agreement is achieved between data and predictions of the extended interchain pressure (EIP) model (Narimissa et al. J. Rheol. 64, 95-110 (2020)), based solely on linear viscoelastic characterization and the Rouse time τR of the melts. The analysis reveals that both the normalized elongational viscosity and the normalized elongational stress are dependent on the number of entanglements (Z) and the ratio of entanglement molar mass Mem to critical molar mass Mcm of the melts in the linear viscoelastic regime through $$ {\eta}_E^0/\left({G}_N{\tau}_R\right)\propto {\left({M}_{\mathrm{em}}/{M}_{\mathrm{cm}}\right)}^{2.4}{Z}^{1.4} $$

η
E
0

/

G
N

τ
R

∝

M
em

/

M
cm

2.4

Z
1.4

and $$ {\sigma}_E^0/{G}_N\propto {\left({M}_{\mathrm{em}}/{M}_{\mathrm{cm}}\right)}^{2.4}{Z}^{1.4} Wi $$

σ
E
0

/

G
N

∝

M
em

/

M
cm

2.4

Z
1.4

W
i
, while in the limit of fast elongational flow with high Weissenberg number $$ Wi={\tau}_R\dot{\varepsilon} $$
Wi
=

τ
R

ε
̇

, both viscosity and stress become independent of Z and Mem/Mcm, and approach a scaling which depends only on Wi, i.e. ηE/(GNτR) ∝ Wi−1/2 and σE/GN ∝ Wi1/2. When expressed by an effective power law, the broad transition from the linear viscoelastic to the high Wi regime leads to chemistry-dependent scaling at intermediate Wi depending on the number of entanglements and the ratio between entanglement molar mass and critical molar mass.
Entscheidungshilfe zur Patientenzuweisung bei Verdacht auf COVID-19
Authors: Thies N. , Urban B. , Kraus M. , Kohlmann T. , Niedermirtl F. , Prückner S. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWährend einer Pandemielage sind Patienten mit Verdacht auf COVID-19 auch im Rahmen von Rettungsdienstalarmierungen zu versorgen. Um ein adäquates Vorgehen zu etablieren, ist die Entscheidungshilfe zur Patientenzuweisung bei Verdacht auf COVID-19 für die Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter sowie für die Notärzte im bayerischen Rettungsdienst erstellt worden. Die Entscheidungshilfe schließt die aktuellen Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zum Thema COVID-19 ein. Für die Darstellung der Entscheidungshilfe wurde ein Flussdiagramm in DIN-A4-Format gewählt, welches nach dem im Rettungsdienst etablierten ABCDE-Schema (A-Airway, B-Breathing, C-Circulation, D-Disability, E-Environment/Exposure)aufgebaut ist. Das Flussdiagramm ermöglicht eine Kategorisierung der Patienten in drei Stufen, welche anhand von (Vital‑)Parametern und Kriterien wie Risikofaktoren und spezifischen Rahmenbedingungen erfolgt. Ziel ist es, Notärzten und Rettungsdienstmitarbeitern eine Orientierungshilfe für die Beurteilung der Patienten sowie daraus entstehende Transportentscheidung mit gegebenenfalls geeigneter Zielklinik an die Hand zu geben.
COVID-19 Infection Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Hybrid Social Group Optimization and Support Vector Classifier
Authors: Singh Asu Kumar , Kumar Anupam , Mahmud Mufti , Kaiser M Shamim , Kishore Akshat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel strain of Coronavirus, identified as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), outbroke in December 2019 causing the novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). Since its emergence, the virus has spread rapidly and has been declared a global pandemic. As of the end of January 2021, there are almost 100 million cases worldwide with over 2 million confirmed deaths. Widespread testing is essential to reduce further spread of the disease, but due to a shortage of testing kits and limited supply, alternative testing methods are being evaluated. Recently researchers have found that chest X-Ray (CXR) images provide salient information about COVID-19. An intelligent system can help the radiologists to detect COVID-19 from these CXR images which can come in handy at remote locations in many developing nations. In this work, we propose a pipeline that uses CXR images to detect COVID-19 infection. The features from the CXR images were extracted and the relevant features were then selected using Hybrid Social Group Optimization algorithm. The selected features were then used to classify the CXR images using a number of classifiers. The proposed pipeline achieves a classification accuracy of 99.65% using support vector classifier, which outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms for binary and multi-class classification.
Direct numerical simulation of TS-waves over suction panel steps from manufacturing tolerances
Authors: Lüdeke H. , von Soldenhoff R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo determine allowable tolerances between successive suction panels at hybrid laminar wings with suction surfaces, direct numerical simulations of Tollmien–Schlichting waves over different steps are carried out for realistic suction rates on a wind tunnel configuration. Simulations at given suction panel positions over forward and backward facing steps are carried out by the use of a high-order method for the direct simulation of Tollmien–Schlichting wave growth. Comparisons between high-fidelity direct numerical simulations and quick linear stability calculations have shown capabilities and limits of the well-validated linear stability theory design approach.
Digging in the dark: reviewing international literature to address impending policy challenges for Swedish and Finnish mining
Authors: Poelzer Gregory , Linde Stefan , Jagers Sverker C. , Matti Simon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mining industries of Sweden and Finland currently face several policy issues around investment, stakeholder involvement, and sustainability. Since the two countries garnered significant attention during the mining boom, research from a social sciences perspective grew significantly. One approach to understanding how these issues in Sweden and Finland compare to international examples is through an analysis of the policy development framework. Looking at three factors—institutions, actors, and process—gives a broad overview of the imminent challenges in both Sweden and Finland and potential lessons from existing research that point to similar problems and their solutions. As the mining operations continue to sit at the center of different values, capable policy is required.
Consistency and mechanical properties of sustainable concrete blended with brick dust waste cementitious materials
Authors: Amakye S. Y. , Abbey S. J. , Olubanwo A. O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reuse of waste materials in civil engineering projects has become the topic for many researchers due to their economic and environmental benefits. In this study, brick dust waste (BDW) derived from cutting of masonry bricks and demolition waste which are normally dumped as land fill is used as partial replacement of cement in a concrete mix at 10%, 20% and 30% respectively, with the aim of achieving high strength in concrete using less cement due to the environmental problems associated with the cement production. To ascertain the effects of BDW on the consistency and mechanical performance of concrete mix, laboratory investigations on the workability of fresh concrete and the strength of hardened concrete were carried out. Slump and compaction index test were carried out on fresh concrete mix and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and tensile strength test were conducted on hardened concrete specimen after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results showed high UCS and tensile strength with the addition of 10% BDW to the concrete mix, hence achieving the set target in accordance with the relevant British standards. A gradual reduction in strength was observed as BDW content increases, however, recording good workability as slump and compaction index results fell within the set target range in accordance with relevant British standards. Findings from this study concluded that BDW can partially replace cement in a concrete mix to up to 30% igniting the path to a cleaner production of novel concrete using BDW in construction work.
Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder in visual impairment and blindness – a pilot study
Authors: Madsen Helle Østergaard , Ba-Ali Shakoor , Hageman Ida , Lund-Andersen Henrik , Martiny Klaus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Seasonal and non-seasonal depression are prevalent conditions in visual impairment (VI). We assessed the effects and side effects of light therapy in persons with severe VI/blindness who experienced recurrent depressive symptoms in winter corresponding to seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or subsyndromal SAD (sSAD).

Results:
We included 18 persons (11 with severe VI, 3 with light perception and 4 with no light perception) who met screening criteria for sSAD/SAD in a single-arm, assessor-blinded trial of 6 weeks light therapy. In the 12 persons who completed the 6 weeks of treatment, the post-treatment depression score was reduced (p < 0.001), and subjective wellbeing (p = 0.01) and sleep quality were improved (p = 0.03). In 6/12 participants (50%), the post-treatment depression score was below the cut-off set for remission. In four participants with VI, side effects (glare or transiently altered visual function) led to dropout or exclusion.

Conclusion:
Light therapy was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms in persons with severe VI/blindness. Eye safety remains a concern in persons with residual sight.
Aristotle and Scientific Experiments
Authors: Byrne Christopher 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTMany have argued that there is no room for experiments in Aristotle's natural science: experiments intervene in nature, but Aristotle holds that we must simply observe nature; if we intervened, the result would be something artificial or contrary to nature. Against this, I argue that Aristotle not only performed experiments, but also holds that there is much about nature that can be discovered experimentally.
Généalogie de la pensée perspectiviste : les figures inversées de Pascal et de Leibniz dans l’œuvre de Nietzsche
Authors: Lebreton Lucie 
Published: March 2021

RÉSUMÉLorsque les commentateurs s'interrogent sur les sources d'inspiration du perspectivisme nietzschéen, leur réponse la plus constante est de le rapporter à la monadologie de Leibniz. C'est oublier que Pascal — dont Leibniz avait lu les écrits — fut le premier à introduire l'idée de perspective en philosophie. C'est négliger surtout les indications de Nietzsche lui-même puisque, s'il loue en Pascal l'un de ces «bons Européens» qui précipitent la dévalorisation des valeurs chrétiennes et, singulièrement, de celle de vérité, il considère au contraire Leibniz comme l'une des plus «grandes entraves à la probité intellectuelle de l'Europe».