bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells when cultured in collagen-containing media under in vitro conditions
Authors: Basok Y. B. , Grigoryev A. M. , Kirsanova L. A. , Kirillova A. D. , Subbot A. M. , Tsvetkova A. V. , Nemets E. A. , Sevastianov V. I. 
Published: September 2021

In terms of method of production, collagen carriers are subdivided into materials obtained on the basis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly collagen-containing hydrogels and decellularized tissue.Objective: to compare in vitro the ability of biopolymer microheterogeneous collagen-containing hydrogel (BMCH) and tissue-specific matrix from decellularized porcine articular cartilage (DPAC) to support adhesion, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs).Materials and methods. For cartilage decellularization, we carried out treatment with surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100) followed by exposure in DNAase. The metabolic activity of hAMSCs was assessed by PrestoBlue™ (Invitrogen, USA) staining. The morphological study of cell-engineered constructs (CECs) formed by culturing hAMSCs in the presence of matrices was performed using histological staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with lanthanide contrasting.Results. The number of cells on the surface of both BMCH and DPAC increased within 14 days. Mitochondrial activity of the cells was 1.7, 1.7, and 1.3 times higher on days 3, 10, and 14 when cultured on DPAC compared to BMCH, respectively. On day 14 of cultivation in the chondrogenic culture medium, hAMSCs formed cell layers on the DPAC surface and on the BMCH surface. Cytoplasm of the cells included numerous granules, which, when stained, resembled the matrix itself. On the DPAC matrix surface, cells were more evenly distributed, whereas in the case of BMCH, cell adhesion and proliferation were observed only in certain areas. The ECM produced by the cells contained collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).Conclusion. The ability of DPAC obtained according to the developed protocol to form CECs with hAMSCs with uniform distribution of cells and their production of specific collagen- and GAG-containing ECM suggests that DPAC is effective in regeneration of damaged cartilage. Chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs was observed both when cultured with BMCH and with DPAC. When creating a tissue equivalent of cartilage in vitro, the advantage of using tissue-specific matrix over BMCH should be considered.
Optimizing for Interpretability in Deep Neural Networks with Tree Regularization
Authors: Wu Mike , Parbhoo Sonali , Hughes Michael C. , Roth Volker , Doshi-Velez Finale 
Published: September 2021

Deep models have advanced prediction in many domains, but their lack of interpretability remains a key barrier to the adoption in many real world applications. There exists a large body of work aiming to help humans understand these black box functions to varying levels of granularity – for example, through distillation, gradients, or adversarial examples. These methods however, all tackle interpretability as a separate process after training. In this work, we take a different approach and explicitly regularize deep models so that they are well-approximated by processes that humans can step through in little time. Specifically, we train several families of deep neural networks to resemble compact, axis-aligned decision trees without significant compromises in accuracy. The resulting axis-aligned decision functions uniquely make tree regularized models easy for humans to interpret. Moreover, for situations in which a single, global tree is a poor estimator, we introduce a regional tree regularizer that encourages the deep model to resemble a compact, axis-aligned decision tree in predefined, human-interpretable contexts. Using intuitive toy examples, benchmark image datasets, and medical tasks for patients in critical care and with HIV, we demonstrate that this new family of tree regularizers yield models that are easier for humans to simulate than L1 or L2 penalties without sacrificing predictive power.
The Evaluation of Patients Admitted due to Minor Head Trauma with Clinical Decision Rules
Authors: FİDANCI İlknur , DERİNÖZ-GÜLERYÜZ Okşan , ÇİVİT Elif 
Published: September 2021

Aim: We aimed to identify patients admitted to pediatric emergency service due to head trauma using clinical decision-making rules.
Methods: This is a prospective cohort study involving who referred to a tertiary university hospital pediatric emergency service due to minor head trauma. Evaluations were made with PECARN, CATCH and CHALICE clinical decision rules.
Results: 326 cases were included in the study. 63.5% (207) of the cases were male, and their ages were 52±52 months (min: 1 day - max: 214 months). 61.9% (202) of the cases were admitted due to a fall. 15.3% (49) cases presenting with minör head trauma had a (computize tomography)CT performed. In cases under the age of three months the CT scan rate was 66.6%, while it was 11% in cases over three months. 50% of the cases who had a CT scan satisfied the clinical decision rules. However, two cases who had traumatic brain injury(TBI) in the CT could not be determined with clinical decision rules. There was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of severe mechanism of injury and TBI findings in the CT(p
Evaluation of The Predictability of Platelet Mass Index for Short-Term Mortality in Patients with COVID 19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: ALGIN Abdullah , ÖZDEMİR Serdar 
Published: September 2021

Objective
This study aimed to determine the predictability of platelet mass index (PMI) for short-term mortality in patients with COVID 19.
Material and methods
This retrospective, observational, cohort study included corrected COVID-19 patients. Demographics, clinical characteristics, biochemical and hematological parameters and the data of all-cause mortality within 30 days after admission were noted. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and odds ratio were performed to determine the discriminative ability of the scores.
Results
Of the 1564 patients, with mean of age of 44 ± 16 years included in the study. A total of 57 (3.6%) patients died within 30 days of emergency department presentation. There was a statistically significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor groups in terms of the platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and PMI. According to the best Youden’s index, the cut-off value for the platelet count was determined as 146 (sensitivity: 91.8%, specificity: 87.2%), and the area under curve (AUC) value was 0.593 (95% confidence interval 56.7-61.9). According to the best Youden’s index, the cut-off value for the MPV was determined as 11 (sensitivity: 24.6%, specificity: 91%), and the AUC value was 0.579 (95% confidence interval 55.2-60.5). According to the best Youden’s index, the cut-off value for the PMI was determined as 1513 (sensitivity: 28.1%, specificity: 87.2%), and the AUC value was 0.555 (95% confidence interval 52.8-58.2).

Conclusion
Platelet count, MPV and PMI were not predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with confirmed COVID-19 in emergency department.
Rede Cegonha, Política Pública para o cuidado da Mulher
Authors: Lucia Mendes Lago Edith , Lúcia Abrahão Ana , Cardoso de Souza Ândrea 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar as produções científicas brasileiras sobre as articulações políticas voltadas ao parto e nascimento para mulheres atendidas nos serviços públicos de saúde. Metodologia: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados e portais: Scielo, BDENF, Lilacs, e Portal Periódico Capes, com os descritores: Serviços de Saúde Materno-infantil, Rede Cegonha, Assistência Materno-infantil, Saúde da Mulher, Parto humanizado. Critérios de inclusão na pesquisa: textos disponíveis na íntegra, em inglês ou português, publicados entre julho de 2011 e dezembro de 2018. Resultados: A análise revelou o papel dos profissionais de saúde, as dificuldades da rede e como as mulheres usuárias se inserem nos cuidados dentro da rede. Emergiram três categorias temáticas: Atuação dos profissionais de saúde, Impasses da Política da Rede Cegonha e A rede e o cuidado à mulher. Conclusões: A organização da Rede Cegonha ainda possui lacunas organizacionais e estruturais em relação às boas práticas no pré-natal e parto.
Worldwide investigation of the mantle Rayleigh-wave group velocities
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Santô Tetsuo 
Published: September 2021

abstract
An attempt to apply the crossing path technique to the division of the globe into similar regions of mantle Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion characteristics failed because of the paucity of existing data (for about 80 great-circle paths). As a first step to achieve this goal, mantle Rayleigh-wave group velocities have been obtained for 31 new great-circle paths in the 80- to 240-sec period range. The data have been divided into four groups on the basis of dispersion behavior and compared with Dziewonski's (1971) results. An interesting finding has been the very high group velocities for the 6-MUN path, higher than any reported so far.
Velocity response envelope spectrum as a function of time, for the Pacoima Dam, San Fernando earthquake, February 9, 1971
Authors: Perez Virgilio 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The spectrum of the velocity response envelope as a function of time for 5 per cent and 2 per cent critical damping has been calculated for the horizontal and vertical components of the Pacoima Dam accelerogram of February 9, 1971. The duration in terms of time and the number of cycles for a particular period of the response envelope above different levels are examined. The effects of critical damping and of peak ground acceleration on the velocity response envelope are also examined.
Simulations of the underground explosions generating longitudinal and transverse waves
Authors: Enescu D. , Georgescu Anca , Mârza Vasile 
Published: September 2021

abstract
For the purpose of modeling the process noticed by Kim and Kisslinger (1967) regarding the generation of the two wave types (P and S) by underground explosions produced in spherical cavities, a generalization of Sharpe's (1942) and Blake's (1952) solution is made in this paper.
The expression for the transfer function of the source has been established. By means of this function, two electronic models for the simulation of underground explosions generating longitudinal and transverse waves have been designed.
Dislocation mechanism—the Parkfield 1966 accelerograms
Authors: Murray G. F. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The 1966 Parkfield earthquake accelerograms are analyzed with particular attention to clarifying the relationship between the observed motions and the crack propagation. The basic finding is that the crack propagation velocity was supersonic relative to the shear-wave velocity. A consistent interpretation of the accelerograms follows.
A crack propagated south along the E branch of the San Andreas Fault from the initial focus to about 612 km N of Station 2, and terminated there. A second earthquake was triggered near the initial focus, on the W fault branch, 0.55 sec after the beginning of the first fracture. This dislocation propagated south along the W branch past Station 2. With the assumption that the crack propagated along ordinary wave paths, the average Mach number (crack velocity/shear-wave velocity) for the propagation to Station 2 is 1.06.
Within about 0.3 sec after the crack propagated to the ground surface 0.08 km from Station 2, a permanent displacement of 2 cm took place parallel to the fault (NW). At about 1.3 sec after the dislocation arrival, relatively large nonpermanent displacements commenced in the horizontal components (to 9 cm in the parallel and 36 cm in the transverse), directed NW and toward the fault. Approximately equal displacements were occurring on the opposite (NE) side of the fault from Station 2, directed in the opposite sense, the parallel displacement being SE, and the transverse being SW toward the fault. The result of the compression on the fault plane was a sudden local deceleration of the slipping. The maximum accelerations occurred at the time. A Mach wave was formed and is represented on the records by the acceleration maxima. There is also an earlier, lower amplitude Mach wave from the initial earthquake. A third Mach wave followed the second by 0.82 sec. This is from the propagation of another dislocation down the E fault branch, again from the focal region, probably to the same location where the initial crack terminated. This third earthquake was promptly triggered by the second.
The dislocation near Station 2 stopped about 2.9 sec after it began. The crack propagated another 9 km SE of the station before stopping. Two possible stopping events, each with P and S phases, were recorded at Station 2. The permanent displacement calculated from the parallel acceleration component is in good agreement with the observed offset at Station 2. The large nonpermanent horizontal displacements are at present unexplained.
Determination of amplitude and duration magnitudes and site residuals from short-period seismographs in northern California
Authors: Eaton Jerry P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEquations for determining amplitude magnitude (MX) and duration magnitude (MF) that employ all calibrated instruments in the USGS short-period telemetered seismic network in northern California (NCSN) were developed and tested against a set of 1276 earthquakes from 1986 to 1990 that were analyzed on the Caltech-USGS processing system (CUSP). The expressions for decay of amplitude and record duration in these equations are functions of distance alone. Sensitivity corrections for both MX and MF are simply the logarithms of the ratios of the magnification of the reference instrument to that of the instrument actually used. Component corrections were chosen so as to minimize the dependence of instrument site residuals on instrument component. MF site residuals were found to be closely linked to MX site residuals in a manner that suggests both depend primarily on site amplification. Both MX and MF site residuals vary systematically with bedrock lithology: older well-consolidated rocks produce negative residuals (smaller amplitudes and shorter durations) and younger unconsolidated rocks produce positive residuals (larger amplitudes and longer durations).Average station magnitude residuals are virtually independent of distance from the epicenter to at least 800 km; and MX-MF, averaged over 0.5 unit magnitude intervals, is less than 0.05 from M0.5 to M5.5.Comparison of MX and MBK (ML, UC Berkeley) for 293 events in both the CUSP data set and the Berkeley catalog shows that calculated MX s are marginally larger than the corresponding MBK s. MX-MBK averages about + 0.04.The characteristics of the standard Wood-Anderson seismograph employed to calculate MX are: free period 0.8 sec, damping constant 0.8, and static magnification 2080.
A site effect study in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico: Comparison of results from strong-motion and microtremor data
Authors: Gutierrez Carlos , Krishna Singh Shri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe city of Acapulco is located near or above the mature seismic gap of Guerrero along the Mexican subduction zone. With the purpose of studying the character of strong ground motion on soft sites, four digital accelerographs have been installed in the city on such sites. These instruments have been in operation since 1988. Two additional instruments, part of the Guerrero Accelerograph Array, are located on hard sites in the area. One of these, VNTA, has been in operation since 1985 and the other, ACAN, since 1989. These stations have recorded several earthquakes. We use data from eight events (4.2 ≤ M ≤ 6.9) to study spectral amplification of seismic waves at the soft sites with respect to VNTA. The S waves are amplified by a factor of 6 to 25 at the soft sites in a fairly broad range of frequencies; both the amplification and the frequency band over which it occurs depend upon the site. Although the largest earthquake in our data set (M = 6.9) gave rise to a peak horizontal acceleration exceeding 0.3 g at one of the soft sites, no clear evidence of nonlinear behavior of the subsoil is found. Spectral amplifications of S-wave coda are very similar to those of S waves. We also measured microtremors at the strong-motion sites. The microtremor spectra were interpreted, using reasonable assumptions, to test the feasibility of this technique in reproducing the spectral amplifications observed during earthquakes. Our results show that only a rough estimate of site response can be obtained from this technique, at least in Acapulco; caution is warranted in its use elsewhere.
Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space
Authors: Okada Yoshimitsu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A complete set of closed analytical expressions is presented in a unified manner for the internal displacements and strains due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space for both point and finite rectangular sources. These expressions are particularly compact and systematically composed of terms representing deformations in an infinite medium, a term related to surface deformation and that is multiplied by the depth of observation point. Several practical suggestions to avoid mathematical singularities and computational instabilities are also presented. The expressions derived here represent powerful tools both for the observational and theoretical analyses of static field changes associated with earthquake and volcanic phenomena.
Seismic moment catalog of large shallow earthquakes, 1900 to 1989
Authors: Pacheco Javier F. , Sykes Lynn R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe compile a worldwide catalog of shallow (depth &lt; 70 km) and large (Ms ≥ 7) earthquakes recorded between 1900 and 1989. The catalog is shown to be complete and uniform at the 20-sec surface-wave magnitude Ms ≥ 7.0. We base our catalog on those of Abe (1981, 1984) and Abe and Noguchi (1983a, b) for events with Ms ≥ 7.0. Those catalogs, however, are not homogeneous in seismicity rates for the entire 90-year period. We assume that global rates of seismicity are constant on a time scale of decades and most inhomogeneities arise from changes in instrumentation and/or reporting. We correct the magnitudes to produce a homogeneous catalog. The catalog is accompanied by a reference list for all the events with seismic moment determined at periods longer than 20 sec. Using these seismic moments for great and giant earthquakes and a moment-magnitude relationship for smaller events, we produce a seismic moment catalog for large earthquakes from 1900 to 1989. The catalog is used to study the distribution of moment released worldwide. Although we assumed a constant rate of seismicity on a global basis, the rate of moment release has not been constant for the 90-year period because the latter is dominated by the few largest earthquakes. We find that the seismic moment released at subduction zones during this century constitutes 90% of all the moment released by large, shallow earthquakes on a global basis. The seismic moment released in the largest event that occurred during this century, the 1960 southern Chile earthquake, represents about 30 to 45% of the total moment released from 1900 through 1989. A frequency-size distribution of earthquakes with seismic moment yields an average slope (b value) that changes from 1.04 for magnitudes between 7.0 and 7.5 to b = 1.51 for magnitudes between 7.6 and 8.0. This change in the b value is attributed to different scaling relationships between bounded (large) and unbounded (small) earthquakes. Thus, the earthquake process does have a characteristic length scale that is set by the downdip width over which rupture in earthquakes can occur. That width is typically greater for thrust events at subduction zones than for earthquakes along transform faults and other tectonic environments.
Seismological studies at Parkfield. II. Search for temporal variations in wave propagation using vibroseis
Authors: Karageorgi E. , Clymer R. , McEvilly T. V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor more than 3 years the propagation characteristics of shear waves have been monitored for paths near the 1966 hypocenter at Parkfield, the presumed nucleation site for the expected next M6 earthquake there. Data have been collected repeatedly (33 sets as of April 1991) from eight S-wave Vibroseis source positions into the 10 borehole-installed three-component seismometers of the local high-sensitivity digital network. Twenty-second correlated records from a 6- to 24-Hz sweep are acquired, and the entire seismogram is viewed for analysis as the elastic response of the local crustal structure, which includes the San Andreas fault zone. Amplitudes, travel times, spectra, and particle motions of the P and S waves are monitored for indications of any changes in these properties that may be attributed to processes associated with nucleation. The horizontal vibrator at each source point is positioned at three surface-orientations to study anisotropy. Unorthodox methods have been developed to display the waveform properties in time in order to visualize the resulting massive data sets. The first-order variations seen in some of the parameters are attributed to changes from dry to wet conditions in the shallow subsurface due to the seasonal rainfall, which affects the source function of the vibrator. Corrections have been devised for these source-specific variations. Secular variations not obviously coupled to seasonal near-surface changes are also seen in some localized time intervals within the 20-sec records. The most striking of such changes is a progressive travel-time decrease at rates of 3 to 7 msec / year seen for late arrivals (7 to 11 sec travel time) on at least five paths into station VCA, which sample the region southeast of the anticipated epicenter at Middle Mountain. This anomaly appears to be genuine and is now the subject of intensified study. In the same general area, along the fault in the southwestern block, the direct S wave is clearly split, with the faster of the split phases polarized parallel to the fault zone, a result in agreement with that from the VSP survey in the Varian well on the northeast side of the fault.
First two-station Rayleigh-wave velocity measurements for the northern Iberian region
Authors: Payo G. , Corchete V. , Badal J. , Seron F. , Canas J. A. , Pujades L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUp to now, dispersion analysis of surface waves across the Iberian Peninsula and adjacent zones has been based on analog data recorded at the long-period Iberian stations. Also, the northern region of the peninsula has never been investigated due to the lack of seismological stations. With the ILIHA data set now available, it is possible to investigate the northern part of Iberia from quality digital records. To efficiently remove higher-mode interference and to improve isolation of the fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave from the seismograms, time-variable filtering is employed. Once the signal is filtered, multiple filtering is then used to compute group velocities at each station. The interstation Rayleigh-wave group velocity can thus be easily calculated. Frequency-domain Wiener deconvolution is used to determine the interstation phase velocity. We carried out inversion of velocity dispersion data containing both Rayleigh-wave phase velocities and group velocities according to the generalized inversion theory by means of the stochastic inverse operator. The theoretical 2-D Earth models determined by joint inversion allow us to obtain for the first time the distribution of the shear-wave velocity both laterally and with depth for the northern Iberian region, and to emphasize the main features of the crust-mantle structure of this area.