bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global and local community memberships for estimating spreading capability of nodes in social networks
Authors: Krukowski Simon , Hecking Tobias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe analysis of spreading processes within complex networks can offer many important insights for the application in contexts such as epidemics, information dissemination or rumours. Particularly, structural factors of the network which either contribute or hinder the spreading are of interest, as they can be used to control or predict such processes. In social networks, the community structure is especially relevant, as actors usually participate in different densely connected social groups which emerge from various contexts, potentially allowing them to inject the spreading process into many different communities quickly. This paper extends our recent findings on the community membership of nodes and how it can be used to predict their individual spreading capability (Krukowski and Hecking, in: Benito, Cherifi, Cherifi, Moro, Rocha, Sales-Pardo (eds) Complex networks & their applications IX. Springer, Cham, pp 408–419, 2021) by further evaluating it on additional networks (both real-world networks and artificially generated networks), while additionally introducing a new local measure to identify influential spreaders that—in contrast to most other measures, does not rely on knowledge of the global network structure. The results confirm our recent findings, showing that the community membership of nodes can be used as a predictor for their spreading capability, while also showing that especially the local measure proves to be a good predictor, effectively outperforming the global measure in many cases. The results are discussed with regard to real-world use cases, where knowledge of the global structure is often not given, yet a prediction regarding the spreading capability highly desired (e.g., contact-tracing apps).
Lateral lesen. Für eine dezentrierte Hermeneutik der Gegenwart
Authors: Birnstiel Klaus 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Probleme hermeneutischer Arbeit in und an der Gegenwart liegen nicht begründet in der Idee des Verstehens selbst, sondern in der Unzulänglichkeit der kommunikationstheoretischen und literatursoziologischen Konzepte hermeneutischer Lektüre. Eine gegenwartsfähige Hermeneutik benötigt ein Update ihrer Kategorien. Hierarchisch gedachte Verhältnisse von Autor, Werk und Lesen sind zugunsten eines breiten, seitwärts verfahrenden Lektürebegriffs zu verabschieden.
Literarische – Hermeneutik – Verstehen
Authors: Klauk Tobias , Klenner Niels , Köppe Tilmann 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag erläutert anhand von Beispielen die Konturen einer literarischen Hermeneutik, deren zentrales Ziel in der ästhetischen Wertschätzung des literarischen Textes besteht: Nicht das Verstehen der Bedeutung des Textes steht hier also im Vordergrund, sondern die Würdigung von dessen literarischen Errungenschaften (S. H. Olsen). Ergänzt wird die beispielgestützte Erläuterung durch die Angabe von Gründen, die für ein entsprechendes Interpretationsprogramm sprechen; zudem deuten wir an, dass die literaturwissenschaftliche Interpretationspraxis einer so verstandenen Hermeneutik zumindest nahezustehen scheint.
Sprachwissenschaft und Verstehenskunst: Zwei ungleiche Schwestern
Authors: Schmitz Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungHermeneutik und Sprachwissenschaft sind ungleiche Schwestern mit noch nicht ausgeschöpftem gemeinsamem Potential. Weil Erkenntnis ohne Sprache nicht möglich ist, hat jede Wissenschaft eine hermeneutische Grundlage. Doch Hermeneutik ist eine Kunst (ars), die eher auf Subjektivität zielt; sie allein kann keine Wissenschaft begründen. Linguistik hingegen ist eine Wissenschaft (scientia), die eher auf Objektivität pocht. So könnte eine Sprachwissenschaft, die sprachliche Formen aus ihren interaktiven Funktionen erklärt, dem wissenschaftlichen Mangel hermeneutischer Ansätze abhelfen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit sollte dabei den hermeneutischen Leistungen der Sprachbenutzerinnen und -benutzer geschenkt werden.
Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Shoulder Padding and Shoulder Injury in Rugby Union
Authors: Hughes Angus , Carré Matt , Driscoll Heather 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To develop an understanding of the role of shoulder padding in rugby union by investigating player perceptions and attitudes towards shoulder padding and extending research into shoulder injuries in rugby.

Methods
An online survey was distributed to past and current rugby players over 13 years old in 2018. Questions related to the participants’ demographic, attitudes to shoulder padding and shoulder injury history.

Results
Six hundred and sixteen rugby players responded to the survey; 66.1% of respondents had worn shoulder padding at some point. The age group 24–29 years old (∆R2 = 0.03, B = − 0.53, P = 0.015) had an inverse association with padding effectiveness while playing experience groups 1–2 years (∆R2 = 0.03, B = 0.8, P = 0.032), 3–5 years (∆R2 = 0.03, B = 0.70, P = 0.002) and 6–9 years (∆R2 = 0.03, B = 0.41, P = 0) had a positive association. There are 37.1% of respondents considering shoulder padding to be effective at preventing cuts and abrasions with 21.9% finding it very effective; 50.3% considered it to be effective or very effective (9.7%) at preventing contusion; 45.5% wore padding for injury prevention, while 19.2% wore padding to protect from reoccurring injury. Sprain/ligament damage (57.5%) and bruising (55.5%) were the most commonly reported injuries.

Conclusions
The primary reason for wearing shoulder padding was as a means of injury prevention. Research should focus on quantifying the injury preventive capabilities of shoulder padding. Bruising, cuts and abrasion injuries to the shoulder are prevalent presenting new findings that these injuries are underreported.
Female fertility under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhang Bo , Jin Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious respiratory disease mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused millions of confirmed cases and morbidity, and the crisis has greatly affected global economy and daily life and changed our attitudes towards life. The reproductive system, as a potential target, is at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and females are more vulnerable to viral infection compared with males. Therefore, female fertility and associated reproductive health care in the COVID-19 era need more attention. This review summarises the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the female reproductive system and discusses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on female fertility. Studies have proven that COVID-19 might affect female fertility and interfere with assisted reproductive technology procedures. The side effects of vaccines against the virus on ovarian reserve and pregnancy have not yet been well investigated. In the future, the female fertility after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination needs more attention because of the uncertainty of COVID-19.
Inverse problems for nonlinear hyperbolic equations with disjoint sources and receivers
Authors: Feizmohammadi Ali , Lassas Matti , Oksanen Lauri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article studies inverse problems of determining unknown coefficients in various semi-linear and quasi-linear wave equations given the knowledge of an associated source-to-solution map. We introduce a method to solve inverse problems for nonlinear equations using interaction of three waves that makes it possible to study the inverse problem in all globally hyperbolic spacetimes of the dimension$n+1\geqslant 3$and with partial data. We consider the case when the set$\Omega _{\mathrm{in}}$, where the sources are supported, and the set$\Omega _{\mathrm{out}}$, where the observations are made, are separated. As model problems we study both a quasi-linear equation and a semi-linear wave equation and show in each case that it is possible to uniquely recover the background metric up to the natural obstructions for uniqueness that is governed by finite speed of propagation for the wave equation and a gauge corresponding to change of coordinates. The proof consists of two independent components. In the geometric part of the article we introduce a novel geometrical object, the three-to-one scattering relation. We show that this relation determines uniquely the topological, differential and conformal structures of the Lorentzian manifold in a causal diamond set that is the intersection of the future of the point$p_{in}\in \Omega _{\mathrm{in}}$and the past of the point$p_{out}\in \Omega _{\mathrm{out}}$. In the analytic part of the article we study multiple-fold linearisation of the nonlinear wave equation using Gaussian beams. We show that the source-to-solution map, corresponding to sources in$\Omega _{\mathrm{in}}$and observations in$\Omega _{\mathrm{out}}$, determines the three-to-one scattering relation. The methods developed in the article do not require any assumptions on the conjugate or cut points.
“Puerto Rico Can Teach So Much”: The Hemispheric and Imperial Origins of the Educational War on Poverty
Authors: Lefty Lauren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThrough a focus on liberal academic and policy networks, this article considers how ideas and practices central to an educational “war on poverty” grew through connections between postwar Puerto Rico, Latin America, and New York. In particular, it analyzes how social scientific ideas about education's role in economic development found ample ground in the colonial Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as the island assumed the role of “laboratory” of democracy and development after the Second World War. The narrative then considers how this Cold War programming came to influence education initiatives in both U.S. foreign aid programs in Latin America and New York City in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly as the number of Puerto Rican students grew amid the Puerto Rican Great Migration. Ultimately, the article suggests a broader hemispheric and imperial framework in narrating the evolution of postwar education policy in the nation's largest city.
Clinical and economic outcomes attributable to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and delayed appropriate antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients
Authors: Kengkla Kirati , Wongsalap Yuttana , Chaomuang Natthaya , Suthipinijtham Pichaya , Oberdorfer Peninnah , Saokaew Surasak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the impact of carbapenem resistance and delayed appropriate antibiotic therapy (DAAT) on clinical and economic outcomes among patients with Enterobacterales infection.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary-care medical center in Thailand. Hospitalized patients with Enterobacterales infection were included. Infections were classified as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) or carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to examine the association between CRE with DAAT and 30-day mortality. Generalized linear models were used to examine length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital costs.Results:In total, 4,509 patients with Enterobacterales infection (age, mean 65.2 ±18.7 years; 43.3% male) were included; 627 patients (13.9%) had CRE infection. Among these CRE patients, 88.2% received DAAT. CRE was associated with additional medication costs of $177 (95% confidence interval [CI], 114–239; P < .001) and additional in-hospital costs of $725 (95% CI, 448–1,002; P < .001). Patients with CRE infections had significantly longer LOS and higher mortality rates than patients with CSE infections: attributable LOS, 7.3 days (95% CI, 5.4–9.1; P < .001) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), 1.55 (95% CI, 1.26–1.89; P < .001). CRE with DAAT were associated with significantly longer LOS, higher mortality rates, and in-hospital costs.Conclusion:CRE and DAAT are associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher in-hospital costs among hospitalized patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Thailand.
Experience with voluntary severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing of asymptomatic staff at the National Institutes of Health for one year
Authors: Totten Arthur H. , Matlock Ann Marie , Bailin Heike , Revoir Josanne , Siwy Christopher M. , Joyce Maria , Coffey Patricia , Henderson David K. , Palmore Tara N. , Frank Karen M. , McKeeby Jon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVoluntary asymptomatic severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing was provided by the NIH Clinical Center over 1 year. Among 105,927 tests, 0.2% were positive. Among eligible staff, 79% participated with variable frequency and 61% of positive individuals had symptoms at the time of testing. Saliva specimen collection was chosen as an option less frequently than midturbinate collection.
Every coin has two sides: the case of thriving at work
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo André da Silva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrawing upon the thriving at work and agism literature, we added unexplored thriving antecedents (i.e., negative age-based metastereotypes and associated reactions) to the thriving nomological network. Additionally, we investigated the thriving-turnover intentions link throughout the lifespan. Parallel multiple mediator models were used to analyze the role played by threat and challenge in the relationship between negative age-based metastereotypes and overall thriving. Survey results (n = 326 employees) showed that threat and challenge mediated this relationship, yet differential relationships between antecedents and thriving appeared when analyzing thriving dimensions (i.e., learning and vitality) separately. Relatedly, turnover intentions were negatively predicted by overall thriving, but learning and vitality effects on turnover intentions were distinct across age groups. Findings recommend a clearer distinction between thriving dimensions role in the thriving experience throughout the lifespan. Overall, this study contends that the combination of thriving and agism literature contributes to further understand employee growth.
Many ways to decline a noun: elicitation of children’s novel noun inflection in Estonian
Authors: VIHMAN VIRVE-ANNELI , ENGELMANN FELIX , LIEVEN ELENA V. M. , THEAKSTON ANNA L. 
Published: November 2021

abstractAimsThis study investigated three- to five-year-olds’ ability to generalise knowledge of case inflection to novel nouns in Estonian, which has complex morphology and lacks a default declension pattern. We explored whether Estonian-speaking children use similar strategies to adults, and whether they default to a preferred pattern or use analogy to phonological neighbours.MethodWe taught children novel nouns in nominative or allative case and elicited partitive and genitive case forms based on pictures of unfamiliar creatures. Participants included 66 children (3;0–6;0) and 21 adults. Because of multiple grammatical inflection patterns, children’s responses were compared with those of adults for variability, accuracy, and morphological neighbourhood density. Errors were analysed to reveal how children differed from adults.ConclusionsYoung children make use of varied available patterns, but find generalisation difficult. Children’s responses showed much variability, yet even three-year-olds used the same general declension patterns as adults. Accuracy increased with age but responses were not fully adult-like by age five. Neighbourhood density of responses increased with age, indicating that analogy over a larger store of examples underlies proficiency with productive noun inflection. Children did not default to the more transparent, affixal patterns available, preferring instead to use the more frequent, stem-changing patterns.
MARINE BIOGENIC CARBONATES AND RADIOCARBON—A RETROSPECTIVE ON SHELLS AND CORALS WITH AN OUTLOOK ON CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Lindauer Susanne , Hadden Carla S , Macario Kita , Guilderson Thomas P 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTMany organisms living in the ocean create tests, shells, or related physical structures of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). As this is most often from dissolved inorganic carbon, using organisms that create calcium carbonate structures for climate research and dating purposes requires knowledge of the origin of carbon that is incorporated. Here, we give a short overview of research on marine carbonates over the last 60 years, especially that based on shell and coral samples. Both shells and corals exhibit annual growth patterns, like trees, and therefore offer possibilities for yearly resolution of past radiocarbon (14C) variations. We concentrate on their evolution in 14C dating including difficulties in determining reservoir ages as well as the possibilities they offer for archaeological dating, oceanography, calibration purposes as well as environmental research in general.
THE FIRST 14C LABORATORY IN MEXICO: THE BASIS OF A NEW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICISTS AND ARCHAEOLOGISTS
Authors: Alcántara Alberto , Solís Corina , Rodríguez-Ceja María , Martínez-Carrillo Miguel Ángel , Chávez Efraín , Ortiz María Esther 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe development of dating with radiocarbon (14C) by W. F. Libby and his colleagues, and its immediate application to archaeological objects from Mexico, aroused the interest of Mexican archaeological community, especially from the Prehistory Direction of the INAH. Joining efforts, the Institute of Physic of UNAM and INAH set up the first 14C laboratory in 1954. Augusto Moreno, who had worked and learned the technique with Libby in Chicago, was named the researcher in charge of this laboratory. We present the chronology of the project to install the first 14C laboratory in Mexico and some of the archaeological research projects that used the 14C dating technique carried out in Mexico in the 1960s.
Communalizing Colonial Policies and Postcolonial Ethnic Warfare: A Multimethod Analysis of the British Empire
Authors: Lange Matthew , Amasyali Emre , Jeong Tay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we reorient the literature on colonialism and ethnic violence by exploring how different types of communalizing colonial policy (CCP) affected postcolonial patterns of ethnic warfare. We hypothesize that CCPs have limited or mixed effects when they simply recognize or empower communities but that they promote ethnic warfare when explicitly favoring some communities over others, especially when this discrimination affects the power of communities. To test these hypotheses, we combine a statistical analysis of the British Empire with a focused case study of Myanmar. We find that two relatively non-discriminatory CCPs—the use of communal census categories and high levels of indirect rule—had limited or mixed effects on postcolonial ethnic warfare. Unequal communal representation in the legislature and security forces and a mixed use of indirect rule, on the other hand, are three highly discriminatory CCPs, and we provide evidence that they increased the odds of postcolonial ethnic warfare.
High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among South Asian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siddiqee Mahbubul Hasan , Bhattacharjee Badhan , Siddiqi Umme Ruman , Rahman Mohammad Meshbhaur 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInsufficiency of vitamin D, during pregnancy, is a common cause of various pregnancy-related complications. Despite such insufficiency being frequently reported among South Asian pregnant women, the absence of systematic review and meta-analysis renders the true extent of this problem being poorly characterised. In this systematic review, three main databases (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched for original studies. We included original studies published between 1January 2001 to 31 December 2019, conducted on pregnant women who lived in South Asian countries and reported the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among the study participants. Twenty studies with a total of 7804 participants from four South Asian countries finally met our selection criteria. Overall pooled prevalence of insufficiency was 65 % (95 % CI: 51 %, 78 %) with a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99·37 %; P = 0·00). The average level of vitamin D ranged from 9 ng/ml to 24·86 ng/ml with a weighted mean of 16·37 ng/ml (weighted standard deviation 7·13 ng/ml). The highest prevalence of insufficiency was found in Pakistan (76 %) followed by India (67 %), Bangladesh (64 %) and Nepal (14 %). Results obtained in this study suggest that vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent among South Asian pregnant women. Being the first systematic review in this region, findings from this study will help the future studies and strengthen the evidence for policymakers to develop effective mitigation strategies.
Polymorphism PLIN1 11482 G>A interacts with dietary intake to modulate anthropometric measures and lipid profile in adults with normal-weight obesity syndrome
Authors: Holzbach Luciana Carla , Silveira Amanda Gonçalves Zardini , Franco Lana Pacheco , Horst Maria Aderuza , Cominetti Cristiane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvidence shows that genetic polymorphisms in perilipin 1 gene (PLIN1) are associated with excessive accumulation of body fat and disturbances in cardiometabolic markers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether the SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A (rs894160) interacts with nutrient intake, anthropometric, body composition and cardiometabolic markers in adults with normal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 116 individuals aged 20–59 years, with normal BMI and high percentage of body fat. Anthropometric and body composition measures, glycaemic control and serum lipid markers, SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A and nutrient intake were evaluated. Interactions between nutrient intake and the SNP were determined by regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. The SNP frequency was 56·0 % GG, 38·8 % GA and 5·2 % AA. Anthropometric measures and biochemical markers were not different according to genotype, except for total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, important interactions between the SNP and dietary intake were observed. Carbohydrate intake interacted with the SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A to modulate waist circumference (WC) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index. Interaction of lipid intake and the SNP modulated TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and the interaction between protein intake and the SNP tended to modulate weight, WC and BMI. The SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A seems to modulate responses in anthropometric and lipid profile biomarkers of subjects with NWO depending on the dietary macronutrient composition, which may have long-term impact on cardiometabolic markers.