bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration Status of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) in Community Managed Forests, Tanahun District, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Prativa , Devkota Anjana 
Published: December 2021

The present research aims to know the regeneration status of community managed Shorea robusta (Sal) forests; managed for 6-21 years in Tanahun district, a part of Gandaki Province, Nepal. These forests were categorized into two groups according to management duration (more than 10 years and equal or less than 10 yrs). The regeneration status of the forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase (seedling, sapling and tree). The total tree density of community forest managed for more than 10 years (MCF forest; 1230 plants/ha) was less than the community forest managed for equal or less than 10 years (LCF forest; 1314 plants/ha). The results suggest that the size class distribution of the trees resembling inverse-J shaped indicates the good regenerating capability of both forests. After the handover of forests to the community, Sal density had increased rapidly in both the forests. Community management had a significant positive impact on the regeneration of the forest, and thus, the productivity of the forest. Thus, the study of regeneration of forest trees has important implications for the conservation and management of natural forests.
Determinants of Municipal Solid Waste in Urban Zone of Baglung Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Tejendra , Ghimire Manisha , Shrestha Suman Man 
Published: December 2021

The studies on the solid waste generation and characterization with their relationships with different determinants are limited in Nepal which helps in the implementation of the solid waste management approach. This study is focused on the quantification of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate and its characterization in the Baglung Municipality, Nepal. Factors affecting MSW generation with perceptions towards the MSW management were also evaluated through household survey. The study was carried out in the month of January 2021 in four wards of urban zone in the municipality. The average waste generation rate in 188 households (HHs), 20 institutions, and 20 commercial sites were 0.43 kg/c/d, 0.83 kg/institute/day and 2.75 kg/commercial site/day, respectively. The largest component, which accounted for about 74% household waste, 75% institutional waste and 52% commercial waste composed of organic waste. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant variation in between MSW generation rate with respect to household size and type of days. Regarding affordability of MSW management, most of the households can be able to afford service fee ranged from US$ 0.5 to 1.0 (55.38%). Most of the households dispose of solid waste in the municipal vehicle. From this study, the residents of the municipality are suggested to prepare compost manure at the source for the minimization of waste volume to be transported and disposed of. Higher production of recyclable MSW depicts there is a possibility of revenue generation and importance of MSW management in community mobilization in the municipality.
Metaphysics of the History of Music in the Scientific Area: Challenges of the Time
Authors: Zharkova Valeriya 
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the article is determined by the desire to consider the understanding of the scientific discipline “The History of Music” in its metaphysical dimension. “Metaphysics of the History of Music” appears as a modern discipline that opens new layers of meaning. It deals with problems that combine the musical art with philosophy, anthropology, culturology, aesthetics, but its foundation is determined by the musicological view on the musical artifacts.
Scientific novelty. For the first time, the principles of Aristotle's teaching appear as the methodological foundation of the new discipline “Metaphysics of the History of Music”. This allows us to consider the history of music as a special way of understanding existence. The intersections of synchronous and diachronic parameters of understanding musical texts open new horizons of awareness of his “I” to the man of the 21st century.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essential characteristics of the metaphysics of the history of music as a new scientific discipline and to determine the peculiarities of the implementation of synchronous and diachronic dimensions of musical texts in a given problem field.
The research methodology includes the use of metaphysical, historical, comparative methods.
Main results and conclusions. The history of music gives man endless opportunities to ask himself about the essential principles of existence, so at the present stage he is looking for ways in a new direction, which could be called “Metaphysics of the History of Music”.
“Metaphysics of the History of Music” establishes the connection of phenomena each time in a new way, which reveals incomprehensible (to the superficial view of) the laws of the musicaltemporal spiral. Then each fact doesn’t remain a part of the information “herbarium” but is clarified by a living perception of “here and now”.
Due to this context, it is necessary to emphasize that the main factor in making such connection is the live reproduction of all possible combinations. The history of music must unfold in such way as to enable modern man not only to feel the true “taste” of musical events, but also to illuminate them by itself, that is, to create an act that M. Mamardashvili calls the “fullness of interaction”.
Such direction of everyone's spiritual efforts corresponds to the acute challenges of the time. It defines a new position of a human being at the intersection of what is fixed in the narrative about what has “already happened” and what is unfolding through the meanings of the “here and now”. So, it’s established when nothing exists in the automatic mode of perception. In a model of linear coupling that is fundamentally not amenable to horizontal configuration, it is important to have a vertical dimension, which creates Homo Metafisicus as a person who asks essential questions.
Sonoric as a Compositional Technique the Attempt of Critical Analysis
Authors: Tukova Iryna 
Published: December 2021

Relevance of the study. Sonoric is a widespread definition in Post-Soviet countries musicology. However, it is the only one in the system of contemporary compositional techniques that does not have English analogue. This fact conditioned to a number of questions related to this technique: what English terminology should be used as an analogue of sonoric or sonoristic? Why is there no such compositional technique as sonoric in European (with the exception of Poland) and American musicology? Is sonoric a compositional technique? The actualization of these issues makes it possible to solve both terminological problems and partially approach to the creation of a complete theory of contemporary composition techniques.
The purpose of the study is to attempt to identify the structural core of sonoric as a compositional technique, the parameter (or parameters) of tone or noise material, for which organization it is responsible.
Methods. This article is based on the method of systemic analysis of phenomena, general methods of theoretical research (analysis of a term, its semantic boundaries, correlation with other concepts), as well as specific musicological methods of a musical text analyzing.
The results and conclusions. The authors of the theory of the sonoric compositional technique (Yu. Kholopov and A. Maklygin) suggest its use both in a general (a certain quality of concords) and in a narrow sense (a compositional technique that operates with timbre mass). In the process of a critical analysis of the concept of sonoric, it was noted that there are no precise criteria for distinguishing between the sound phenomena described by sonoric. Its methodological underpinning is based more on the elements of psychoacoustics and the theory of perception (without the direct use of the methods of these sciences) than on the theory of music. This thesis is proved by comparing the concepts of sonorically colored harmony and sonoric harmony. Postulating a reliance on synesthesia, the sonoric proposes to use a set of subjective associations to describe a sound phenomenon, relying on imaginative rather than technological characteristics. The analysis of sonoric texture types showed that point, line, spot, stripe, etc. are not original ways of tone and noise sounds organization, but are based on various combinations of pointillistic, cluster, polyphonic, micropolyphonic tools. Based on this conclusion, the idea that sonoric formations are not technically unique is formed. Such sonoric texture types are created by using a certain set of methods typical for various compositional techniques.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Petani Bawang Merah
Authors: Susilowati Devi Ayu , Muzayanah Siti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
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Activities in the agricultural sector cannot be separated from the use of pesticides to prevent agricultural products from pests. The use of pesticides that are at risk can cause abnormalities in the blood profile. This study aims to determine the factors associated with hemoglobin levels in farmers exposed to pesticides in Tegalglagah Village, Brebes Regency. This study used a cross sectional design. Sampling with a total sampling of 42 people, venous blood sampling to determine the hemoglobn level of respondents using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. The results showed that most of the respondents who were exposed to pesticides were normal (52.38%), most of the respondents smoked while spraying pesticides (73.80%), most of them used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while spraying (52.38%) ), and most of them sprayed <4 hours per day (59.52%), the factors related to hemoglobin levels were the use of PPE when spraying with a p-value of 0.013 and length of work per day with a p-value of 0.032. It was concluded that the use of PPE when spraying and the length of work per day were related to hemoglobin levels.
Keywords: Farmer spraying, pesticides, hemoglobin levels.
Hubungan Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) dengan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 12-24 Bulan
Authors: Anggorowati Lindra , Fauzi Lukman , Rohmah Saidatur 
Published: December 2021

Proporsi BBLR di Kabupaten Kendal mengalami tren kenaikan sejak tahun 2016 yakni 4,16% pada 2016; 4,2% pada 2017; dan 4,4% pada 2018. Riwayat BBLR diduga berkaitan dengan tingkat aktifitas fisik yang lebih rendah di kemudian hari yang diukur dengan perkembangan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan ini mengetahui hubungan BBLR dengan masalah perkembangan motorik kasar anak usia 12-24 bulan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dibedakan menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kasus dan kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:3. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariabel, dengan uji Chi-square dan multivariabel, dengan uji regresi logistic. Hasil menunjukan bahwa variabel berat badan lahir dan variabel status ibu bekerja berhubungan dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dengan nilai p berturut-turut 0,001 (OR: 5,66, CI 95%: 2,028-15,791) dan 0,007 (OR: 4,12, CI 95%: 1,472-11,527). Anak yang memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir rendah berisiko 5,66 kali lebih besar mengalami masalah perkembangan motorik kasar dibandingkan dengan anak yang memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir normal, setelah mempertimbangkan status ibu bekerja.
Kata kunci : BBLR, Motorik Kasar, Perkembangan Anak, Anak 12-24 Bulan
Physical, Chemical, and Thermal Analysis of Thermoplastic Resins
Authors: Driscoll Stephen B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article addresses some established protocols for characterizing thermoplastics and whether they are homogeneous resins, alloyed, or blended compositions or highly modified thermoplastic composites. It begins with a discussion on characterizing mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of polymer. This is followed by a section describing molecular weight determination using viscosity measurements. Next, the article discusses the use of cone and plate and parallel plate geometries in melt rheology. It then reviews the processes involved in the analysis of thermoplastic resins by chromatography. Finally, the article covers three operations of thermoanalysis, namely differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermomechanical testing.
Wear Failures of Plastics
Authors: Nagalia Gaurav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents the mechanisms of polymer wear and quantifies wear in terms of wear rate (rate of removal of the material). Interfacial and bulk wear are discussed as well as a discussion on the wear study of "elastomers," "thermosets," "glassy thermoplastics," and "semicrystalline thermoplastics." The article also discusses the effects of environment and lubricant on the wear failures of polymers. It presents a case study on considering nylon as a tribological material and failure examples, explaining wear resistance of polyurethane elastomeric coatings and failure of an acetal gear wheel.
Visual Examination and Photography in Failure Analysis
Authors: Baron Richard P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Failure analysis is an investigative process in which the visual observations of features present on a failed component and the surrounding environment are essential in determining the root cause of a failure. This article reviews the basic photographic principles and techniques that are applied to failure analysis, both in the field and in the laboratory. It discusses the processes involved in visual examination, field photographic documentation, and laboratory photographic documentation of failed components. The article describes the operating principles of each part of a professional digital camera. It covers basic photographic principles and manipulation of settings that assist in producing high-quality images. The need for accurate photographic documentation in failure analysis is also presented.
Polymer Processing—An Introduction
Authors: Zheng Wei , Kramschuster Adam , Jordan Alex 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article discusses technologies focused on processing plastic materials or producing direct tools used in plastics processing. The article focuses on extrusion and injection molding, covering applications, materials and their properties, equipment, processing details, part design guidelines, and special processes. It also covers the functions of the extruder, webline handling, mixing and compounding operations, and process troubleshooting. Thermoforming and mold design are covered. Various other technologies for polymer processing covered in this article are blow molding, rotational molding, compression molding, transfer molding, hand lay-up process, casting, and additive manufacturing.
A regional assessment of trends in business development in Ukraine
Authors: Nadtochii Iryna 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research. The purpose of the article is to assess regional trends in business development in Ukraine. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the scientific works of scientists in the field of business development in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: PEST-analysis of the external environment of SME development in the regions; methods of statistical analysis – to assess changes in the dynamics of GRP for 2014–2018. Results. It is investigated that from 2016 until in Ukraine there was a certain economic recovery, which is confirmed by the growth of consumption and income, as well as the growth of consumer lending and remittances. But in 2018, there was a decrease in exports and imports of goods and services. Exports decreased by 2.8 % of GDP, and imports by 1.9 % of GDP compared to the previous 2017 year. The decline in exports is due to weakening external demand for domestic goods and services. Despite some difficulties, a number of reforms have been implemented in Ukraine, which has had a positive impact on the economic situation. Reforms in Ukraine are supported by the international community. In 2018, the IMF provided Ukraine with a reserve loan for a period of 14 months in the amount of 3.9 billion USD. Ukraine received 4.4 billion USD in EU macro-financial assistance US and a loan of 349 million EUR under the World Bank Guarantee to ensure economic development. After the crisis of the economy in 2014, Ukraine managed to restore macroeconomic stability by adhering to flexible exchange rate limits, tight fiscal policy, financial and energy reforms. The signing of the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014 on the establishment of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the EU had a positive impact on Ukraine’s economy. It is investigated that in 2018 the share of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine was over 90 % of the total number of enterprises. SMEs provided more than 60 % of jobs and almost 50 % of value-added in the business sector. More than 50 % of the SME structure is concentrated in wholesale and retail trade. The downside is the fact that most SMEs are concentrated in a low value-added sector of the economy. However, the share of SMEs engaged in IT technologies has been growing rapidly over the last five years. Wholesale and retail trade have the largest share (43.1 %) in the structure of small and medium enterprises in the Odessa region. Practical meaning. The results of the analysis will allow the authorities of the country and its individual territories to develop the necessary measures to improve business conditions, improve living standards and ensure the effectiveness of economic development of the territory. Prospects for further research. Development of an economic mechanism for the transformation of business processes in the system of competitive development of territories.
PERANCANGAN DAN UJI PERFORMANSI MESIN PENGERING PUCUK DAUN PELAWAN
Authors: , Idiar 
Published: December 2021

Salah satu pohon yang banyak tersebar di wilayah pulau Bangka adalah pelawan. Beberapa hasil yang dapat diolah dari pohon pelawan seperti madu, jamur pelawan dan teh yang terbuat dari pucuk daun pelawan. Pembuatan teh pucuk daun pelawan masih tradisional dari tahap awal sampai akhir menjadi produk berupa serbuk teh. Proses pengeringan atau pelayuan pucuk daun pelawan dilakukan dengan cara disangrai menggunakan kuali yang dipanaskan dengan kompor LPG atau kayu bakar. Hal tersebut dilakukan secara berulang-ulang dan memerlukan waktu sekitar 5 jam untuk kapasitas 3 kg. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang, membuat serta melakukan uji performansi mesin pengering pucuk daun pelawan kapasitas 10 kg/jam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, perancangan mesin, permesinan serta perakitan komponen, uji fungsi mesin. Hasil perancangan dengan metode VDI 2222 didapatkan mesin pengering dengan sistem tabung berputar yang memiliki kemiringan 30° sehingga pucuk daun teraduk secara merata. Sistem pemanas menggunakan kompor LPG yang diposisikan sebanyak 2 titik pada bawah tabung. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil uji coba mesin kapasitas tabung 10 kg dapat menghasilkan 4 kg pucuk daun kering dengan suhu rata-rata 83.4°C selama 1 jam.
STUDI EXPERIMENTAL PEMANFAATAN SPEED BAMPER (POLISI TIDUR) MENJADI ENERGI LISTRIK MENGGUNAKAN PIEZOELEKTRIK
Authors: Sidiq Abdurahim , Syahrillah Gusti Rusydi Furqon , Isra M . 
Published: December 2021

Inovasi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik terus di lakukan oleh para ahli, baik dari terbarukan maupun energi alternative. Salah satu inovasi dalam kebutuhan energi listrik adalah dengan memanfaatkan Speed bump (Polisi tidur) menjadi energi listrik menggunakan piezoelektrik. Speed bamper (Polisi tidur) adalah gundukan yang dibuat melintasi di jalan untuk membatasi kecepatan laju kendaraan.Speed bump (Polisi tidur) terdiri dari sistem mekanik gaya tekan dengan memanfaatkan 38 disk piezoelektrik yang susun secara seri sebagai sumber energi listrik dan 38 per pegas tekan od : 18mm, kawat 1,5 mm panjang 4,5 cm, Speed Bumper (polisi tidur) ini yaitu melewatkan sepeda motor dan berat penumpang sebagai media tekanan. Proses Pengujian alat Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Piezoelektrik Dengan Menggunakan Media Speed Bumper ini yaitu melewatkan sepeda motor dan berat penumpang sebagai media tekanan sehingga untuk mengkonversi gaya tekan pada speed bumper (polisi tidur) piezoelektrik yang di kontak langsung ban kenderaan bermotor sehinga menjadi energi listrik. alat ini berhasil mengahasilkan pembangkit listrik dengan tegangan listrik terbaik pada saat penguijan yaitu 17,88 Volt dan arus listrik 0,39 Ampere sehingga mendapatkan daya listrik dengan hasil perhitungan yaitu 6,97 Watt dan rata – rata daya listrik yang dihasilkan yaitu 2,378 Watt
PERANCANGAN SISTEM HYBRID PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA DENGAN TURBIN ANGIN TERAPUNG
Authors: Firman Muhammad , Irfansyah Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Penduduk Kalimantan Selatan memanfaatkan sungai sebagai transportasi dan tempat berlangsungnya banyak kegiatan sehari-hari. mulai dari transportasi, jual-beli dan lain-lain. Pada malam hari aktivitas masyarakat yang menggunakan transportasi sungai hampir tidak ada, karena sepanjang aliran sungai tidak terdapat penerangan untuk mengarahkan rute jalan yang akan dilalui, sehingga masyarakat enggan untuk melakukan aktivitas pada malam hari di sepanjang aliran sungai. Selama ini kalau mereka melakukan aktivitas juga biasanya pada saat langit cerah atau pada saat bulan terang, karena jarak pandang bisa lebih jauh. Sistem pembangkit yang digunakan untuk di hybrid pada penelitian ini adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dengan turbin angin. Sistem ini merupakan salah satu alternatif sistem pembangkit yang tepat diaplikasikan pada daerah-daerah yang sukar dijangkau oleh sistem pembangkit besar seperti jaringan PLN atau Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD).Untuk memperjelas permasalahan yang akan diteliti, maka masalah tersebut dirumuskan sebagai berikut : bagaimana merancang sistem hybrid PLTS dengan turbin angin terapung?, berapa kemampuan apungnya jika diberi beban maksimum dan bagaimana kesetimbangannya?, berapa lama baterai membackup beban pada sistem hybrid?, berapa lama waktu pengisian baterai dengan menggunakan turbin angin?, dab berapa lama waktu pengisian baterai dengan menggunakan PLTS?. Adapun luaran dari penelitian ini diharapkan rancangan sistem hybrid PLTS dengan turbin angin terapung ini nantinya bisa menjadi dasar acuan jika mau membuat model yang sebenarnya untuk di gunakan pada daerah sepanjang aliran sungai pada saat malam hari, sebagai pengembangan mata kuliah mekanika Teknik dan perpindahan panas dan juga laporannya dapat diterbitkan pada Jurnal ilmiah nasional.Dari hasil perhitungan dan Analisa data maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: gaya apung turbin angin hybrid PLTS adalah 572,904 N, Titik berat terletak pada koordinat ( 350 mm , 450 mm ), lama baterai membackup beban pada sistem hybrid adalah 9,64 jam, lama waktu pengisian baterai dengan menggunakan turbin angin 20,41 jam, dan waktu pengisian baterai dengan menggunakan PLTS 6,02 jam.