bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size during adulthood, but not in childhood, associates with endometriosis, specifically in the peritoneal subtype—population‐based life‐course data from birth to late fertile age
Authors: Rossi Henna‐Riikka , Nedelec Rozenn , Jarvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Sebert Sylvain , Uimari Outi , Piltonen Terhi T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionEndometriosis is a common gynecological condition causing chronic pain and infertility. Only limited data exist on body size during childhood and adolescence in affected women. A leaner body shape has been associated with endometriosis in adults. However, longitudinal follow‐up data from birth to adulthood are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the association between body size and endometriosis from birth to age 46 years. We also performed in‐depth analysis of the endometriosis subtypes.Material and MethodsThis was a population‐based study including 96% of the children born in Northern Finland in 1966. Endometriosis case identification was based on (a) the World Health Organization’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases code documentation from national hospital discharge registers and (b) self‐reported diagnosis. A total of 348 women with endometriosis (203 in subtype analysis) and 3487 women without endometriosis were identified. Pregnancy, birth, and growth data up to adolescence were collected from welfare clinical records. Follow‐up data of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 were collected at ages 14, 31, and 46 years through postal questionnaires and clinical examinations and included height, weight, and waist and hip circumference measurements. The associations between endometriosis and body size were assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsBody sizes in childhood and adolescence were comparable between women developing endometriosis and those not developing endometriosis. On average, the risk for endometriosis was 2% lower for every kilogram of weight (odds ratio [OR] 0.98, 95% CI 0.97‐1.00) and 6% lower for every body mass index unit (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90‐0.99) at age 31. By age 46, a lower risk for peritoneal endometriosis was observed with greater weight (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92‐0.98), weight gain from age 14 to age 46 years (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93‐1.00), body mass index (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82‐0.98), waist circumference (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92‐0.99), and waist‐hip ratio (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21‐0.78).ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the associations between endometriosis and body size and adiposity, specifically in women with peritoneal endometriosis. The associations are evident in adulthood but not in childhood or adolescence.
Outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair among young adult patients
Authors: Safadi Khaled , Chowers Itay , Khateb Samer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the functional and anatomical outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair in young adults.MethodsA retrospective, comparative case series study. Patients between the ages of 18 and 40 years who underwent surgical repair of primary RRD between the years 2006 and 2013 were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical technique used: scleral buckle (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or combined surgery (SB‐PPV).ResultsNinety eyes (90 patients) were included. The mean age (SD) was 31.5 ± 5.1 years (range 22–40). Sixty‐seven patients underwent SB, 10 had PPV and 13 had SB‐PPV. Anatomical success rates were similar between the three groups (87%, 90% and 85% for SB, PPV and SB‐PPV groups, respectively; p‐value = 0.9). Mean (SD) preoperative LogMAR visual acuity (VA) was 0.46 ± 0.6, 1.73 ± 1.1, 1.1 ± 1.1 for SB, PPV and SB‐PPV groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). The VA improved at last follow‐up to 0.23 ± 0.4, 0.7 ± 1.5 and 1.09 ± 1.08 in SB, PPV and SB‐PPV groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Macula‐off was diagnosed in 19.4% of SB, 80% of PPV and 53.9% of SB‐PPV groups (p < 0.0001). In the SB group one phakic patient (1.5%) needed cataract extraction, while following PPV, all phakic eyes (100%) underwent cataract extraction eventually (p‐value < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe study emphasizes the efficacy of SB as a primary procedure for the repair of retinal detachment in young adults in terms of anatomical and functional success. Furthermore, preservation of the lens as a result of using SB rather than PPV when possible is of great importance in this age group.
Immediate effects of a very brief planning intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Domke Antonia , Keller Jan , Heuse Silke , Wiedemann Amelie U. , Lorbeer Noemi , Knoll Nina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAction planning interventions can effectively promote fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, but not much is known about the day‐to‐day translation of intervention planning into action. In this randomized controlled trial, immediate intervention effects of a very brief planning intervention on FV consumption during the following 13 days were investigated. After a 13‐day pre‐intervention diary, N = 206 participants (aged 19–66 years) were randomly allocated to a waiting‐list control condition or a planning condition, where they formed one FV plan. Participants from both conditions completed a 13‐day post‐intervention diary. Self‐reported daily FV consumption, FV‐specific self‐efficacy, and action control were assessed. Segmented linear mixed models estimating a discrete change (i.e. “jump”) between diary phases showed a positive “jump” of FV intake and self‐efficacy in the planning condition when compared to the control condition. For action control, such effects were not observed. Changes in study variables throughout the post‐intervention phase did not differ between both conditions. Present findings extend previous evidence on action planning interventions by showing that increases in self‐regulatory (i.e. self‐efficacy) and behavioral (i.e. FV intake) outcomes can occur very rapidly and already on the first day for which behavioral increases were planned.
Reduced white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder with and without psychosis
Authors: Brown Jennifer A. , Jackson Brooke S. , Burton Courtney R. , Hoy Jennifer E. , Sweeney John A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Keedy Sarah S. , Gershon Elliot S. , Tamminga Carol A. , Clementz Brett A. , McDowell Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesAffective and psychotic features overlap considerably in bipolar I disorder, complicating efforts to determine its etiology and develop targeted treatments. In order to clarify whether mechanisms are similar or divergent for bipolar disorder with psychosis (BDP) and bipolar disorder with no psychosis (BDNP), neurobiological profiles for both the groups must first be established. This study examines white matter structure in the BDP and BDNP groups, in an effort to identify portions of white matter that may differ between the bipolar and healthy groups or between the bipolar subgroups themselves.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted imaging data were acquired from participants with BDP (n = 45), BDNP (n = 40), and healthy comparisons (HC) (n = 66). Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and spin distribution function (SDF) values indexing white matter diffusivity or spin density were calculated and compared between the groups.ResultsIn comparisons between both the bipolar groups and HC, FA (FDR < 0.00001) and RD (FDR = 0.0037) differed minimally, in localized portions of the left cingulum and corpus callosum, while reductions in SDF (FDR = 0.0002) were more widespread. The bipolar subgroups did not differ from each other on FA, RD, or SDF metrics.ConclusionsTogether, these results demonstrate a novel profile of white matter differences in bipolar disorder and suggest that this white matter pathology is associated with the affective disturbance common to those with bipolar disorder rather than the psychotic features unique to some. The white matter alterations identified in this study may provide substrates for future studies examining specific mechanisms that target affective domains of illness.
Research integrity codes of conduct in Europe: Understanding the divergences
Authors: Desmond Hugh , Dierickx Kris 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn the past decade, policy‐makers in science have been concerned with harmonizing research integrity standards across Europe. These standards are encapsulated in the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Yet, almost every European country today has its own national‐level code of conduct for research integrity. In this study we document in detail how national‐level codes diverge on almost all aspects concerning research integrity—except for what constitutes egregious misconduct. Besides allowing for potentially unfair responses to joint misconduct by international collaborations, we argue that the divergences raise questions about the envisaged self‐regulatory function of the codes of conduct.
Respect for persons and the allocation of lifesaving healthcare resources
Authors: Symons Xavier 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMany ethicists argue that we should respect persons when we distribute resources. Yet it is unclear what this means in practice. For some, the idea of respect for persons is synonymous with the idea of respect for autonomy. Yet a principle of respect for autonomy provides limited guidance for how we should distribute scarce medical interventions. In this article, however, I sketch an alternative conception of respect for persons—one that is based on an ethic of mutual accountability. I draw in particular upon Stephen Darwall’s writings on respect and the second‐person standpoint. I consider the implications of this conception of respect for the distribution of scarce, lifesaving healthcare resources. A second‐personal account of respect rules out aggregative approaches to distribution, and instead requires that we give individual consideration to the claims that persons in need make on the resources in our control. The principles that we use to govern our allocation of resources, furthermore, should be principles that are acceptable to all reasonable agents. Building on this insight, the final section of this paper considers how a principle of need can be used as a means to make decisions about the allocation of lifesaving resources.
Testing normal fault growth models by seismic stratigraphic architecture: The case of the Pliocene‐Quaternary Fucino Basin (Central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Patruno Stefano , Scisciani Vittorio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNormal faults grow either by radial propagation and segment linkage or by accruing displacement without a proportional increase in fault length. To test these competing models of fault growth, a novel 2D seismic stratigraphic interpretation of the recent Fucino Basin of the central Apennines (Italy) has been performed. The Fucino is a major Pliocene‐Quaternary non‐marine ‘extensional collapse basins’, developed immediately after the Apenninic compressional strain had locally abated, and bounded by seismogenic faults that generate strong (Mw = 6–7) and destructive earthquakes. The Fucino is an overall dual polarity half‐graben, built around two border fault systems: the northern one lies along the east‐northeast striking Avezzano‐Bussi regional fault‐zone; the other, south‐eastern trending, bounds the basin to the east. Two separate fault‐driven depocentres of fluvio‐lacustrine sequences (maximum thicknesses of ~1,750 m) are present. One is associated to the northern border faults, with mainly Late Pliocene activity; the second is to the hanging‐wall of the eastern border‐faults and reveals a stepwise Pleistocene‐Recent activity. Tectonic depocentres have migrated clockwise through time, and new‐born fault systems have developed at the south‐eastern basin periphery (Gioia dei Marsi area). This, together with the progressive accumulation of throw in time without significant fault lengthening, suggests that the model of fault growth by segment linkage is not the best explanation for this basin. Instead, the stepwise onset and growth of the Fucino extensional collapse faulting, and its ongoing earthquake hazard, may have been promoted by polyphase inversion tectonics of inherited deep‐seated zones of weaknesses (e.g. Avezzano‐Bussi Line).
The interplay of stratal and vertical migration pathways in shallow hydrocarbon plumbing systems
Authors: Sun Qiliang , Cartwright Joe , Foschi Martino , Lu Xiangyang , Xie Xinong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrocarbon plumbing systems have been extensively documented in the past two decades using high‐resolution 3D seismic data, exploiting the ability of seismic imaging techniques to reveal the subsurface geometry of gas charged sediments. In this paper, we present a detailed study of a hydrocarbon plumbing system from the South China Sea, that involves both vertical and lateral (stratal) hydrocarbon migration in Miocene to Recent clastic sediments that comprise multilayer stacking of thinly layered clays, silts and sands. We show that a transtensive fault system that provides lateral seal for fault‐dip traps of deep Miocene reservoirs, and offers a vertical pathway for migration to shallower silty units. These silty units in turn form a ‘spillway’ in a regional, northward migration path. This path involves filling each shallow fault‐dip trap to spill point towards the fault tips, with stratal migration forced around the outer flanks of the fault‐related folds. Successive fill‐to‐spill leads to a continuous trail of amplitude anomalies that merge into a continuous, larger, gas‐charged anomaly pattern. The migrating gas finally accumulates within a zone bounded by a large boundary fault with full juxtaposition seal. The pattern of anomaly distribution suggests that the hydrocarbon migration has been active in the Late Pleistocene and is probably continuing at the present day. Hence this plumbing system may be one of very few examples described to date in which dynamic hydrocarbon migration pathways have been directly imaged by seismic data.
Growth and relationship of phenotypic characteristics with gonadal pathology and tumour risk in patients with 45, X/46, XY mosaicism
Authors: Poyrazoglu Sukran , Bas Firdevs , Karaman Birsen , Yildiz Melek , Basaran Seher , Darendeliler Feyza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the growth data, gonadal functions and tumour risk in children with 45, X/46, XY mosaicism.DesignWe reviewed retrospectively the records of 45 patients with 45, X/46, XY mosaicism or variants presented to our Unit from 1989 to 2019.ResultsThe age at diagnosis ranged from 0.03 to 17.5 years. Twenty‐eight patients had genital anomaly, 14 patients had female external genitalia and 3 patients had normal male genitalia. Patients showed normal height under 2 years of age. Mean height standard deviation score (HSDS) of 19 patients diagnosed before 2 years of age was −0.9 ± 0.6 and that of 26 patients diagnosed after 2 years of age was −2.6 ± 1.5. Ten patients diagnosed before 2 years of age showed growth deceleration after 2 years of age (HSDS decreasing from −0.6 ± 0.7 to −1.4 ± 0.9). Twenty‐one patients reached adult height (AH). Growth hormone (GH) treatment was initiated in 10 patients. Although AHSDS of GH‐treated patients was significantly greater than their mean HSDS before GH therapy (p =.013), it was not significantly different from AHSDS of the untreated group. Seventeen (37.8%) patients exhibited phenotypical features of Turner syndrome (TS) other than short stature. Two patients with genital anomaly had gonadoblastoma and germ cell neoplasia in situ, and one patient with female external genitalia had gonadoblastoma.ConclusionsGH therapy seems to improve AH of patients. Both patients with genital anomaly and female external genitalia have increased risk of germ cell tumours.
Rebleeding in patients with delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Minami , Hatta Waku , Tsuji Yosuke , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Yabuuchi Yohei , Hoteya Shu , Doyama Hisashi , Nagami Yasuaki , Hikichi Takuto , Kobayashi Masakuni , Morita Yoshinori , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Iguchi Mikitaka , Tomida Hideomi , Inoue Takuya , Mikami Tatsuya , Hasatani Kenkei , Nishikawa Jun , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nebiki Hiroko , Nakamatsu Dai , Ohnita Ken , Suzuki Haruhisa , Ueyama Hiroya , Hayashi Yoshito , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Masamune Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa ,   Collaborators
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesDelayed bleeding is a major adverse event in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). Some patients may experience rebleeding after successful hemostasis for delayed bleeding, yet the details of rebleeding remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the frequency and risk factors of rebleeding.MethodsAmong 11,452 patients who underwent ESD for EGC at 33 institutions in Japan between 2013 and 2016, we analyzed 489 patients showing delayed bleeding. The rate of rebleeding was investigated. Subsequently, 15 candidate variables were evaluated for their influence on the risk of rebleeding via logistic regression analysis.ResultsRebleeding occurred in 11.2% (55/489) of the enrolled patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that warfarin [odds ratio (OR), 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–5.84] and a resection size >40 mm (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.08–3.67) were independent risk factors for rebleeding. In the analysis of the management of warfarin after index bleeding, only warfarin discontinuation (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.37–9.78) was significantly associated with rebleeding in comparison with no use of warfarin. However, many rebleeding events (75.0%) occurred following the resumption of warfarin. The rebleeding rate during discontinuation status and that in taking warfarin (continuation or resumption) were 6.1% and 20.0%, respectively.ConclusionsRebleeding was not a rare event in patients experiencing delayed bleeding after ESD for EGC. In addition to having a resection size >40 mm, warfarin usage placed patients at high risk for rebleeding, especially at the timing of its resumption following discontinuation as well as its continuation.
Migration of pinewood nematode promotes the colonization of Esteya vermicola in pine tree
Authors: Wang Hai‐Hua , Yin Can , Tao Ran , Gao Jie , Sun Yu‐Lou , Cho Jeong‐Hee , Wang Zhen , Wang Yun‐Bo , Wang Chun‐Yan , Sung Chang‐Keun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEsteya vermicola is a potential biological agent of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, due to its high infectivity. However, knowledge of E. vermicola colonization in the host pine tree is less known. To reveal the distribution pattern of E. vermicola inside the pine tree and the interactions between fungus and PWN, biocontrol tests were conducted on 10 years old Pinus densiflora. A green fluorescence protein (GFP)‐tagged E. vermicola was used to observe the fungal hyphae. Real‐time TaqMan PCR quantification was applied to quantify the fungal hyphae in host tree. The results suggest that inoculation with the fungus significantly improved the survival rate of tested trees. Besides, the number of PWN extracted from fungal inoculated tested trees significantly decreased. Moreover, the fungal hyphae and lunate conidia grown in tested trees were observed with the GFP‐tagged E. vermicola. The real‐time quantification of E. vermicola illustrated the differential distribution of E. vermicola in wilted, wilting and healthy pine trees. Additionally, the promotion of fungal hyphal dispersion by B. xylophilus was found in the pine trees artificially infected with PWN. This study reveals the distribution of E. vermicola and PWN during biocontrol of pine wilt disease and provides direct evidence of the effectiveness of this fungus to control PWN. The migration of PWN infected by E. vermicola was supposed to improve the fungal extension in host pine tree.
Accuracy of cold sensibility testing on teeth with full‐coverage restorations: a clinical study
Authors: Hazard M. L. , Wicker C. , Qian F. , Williamson A. E. , Teixeira F. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis clinical study evaluated the reliability of the 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (Endo Ice) cold test to determine the pulpal diagnosis of teeth with full‐coverage restorations (FCR). The effect of several variables on its reliability was also investigated.MethodologyData collected from 825 patients treated in the Advanced Education Program in Endodontics at the University of Iowa, USA were analysed. The experimental group included 425 teeth with FCR, whilst the control group consisted of 400 teeth with natural crowns (NC). The pulp sensibility test results, tooth type, tooth number, type of crown, age, gender, presence or absence of caries and recent use of analgesics were recorded. Bivariate analyses were performed to assess the variables associated with the accuracy of dental pulp sensibility tests for either teeth with crowns or teeth without crowns using chi‐square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests, and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. A P‐value of less than 0.05 was used as a criterion for statistical significance, and a P‐value in 0.05 < P < 0.10 was used as a criterion for marginal relevance.ResultsThe sensibility test results for FCR teeth had an accuracy of 0.866; sensitivity of 0.835; specificity of 0.879; a positive predictive value of 0.746; and a negative predictive value of 0.926. The data indicated a significant difference in the accuracy of pulp sensibility test results between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). Although the cold test in FCR teeth still had high accuracy, teeth with NC were significantly more likely to have true‐positive and true‐negative results (91.5% NC vs. 86.6% FCR, P = 0.024). No significant differences between FCR and NC were found concerning gender, tooth type, type of crown, the presence of abutment and recent use of analgesic (P > 0.05).ConclusionPulp sensibility cold testing with 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (TFE) on teeth with FCR was less accurate than on teeth without full‐coverage crowns. However, the use of TFE cold testing is still a relevant and reliable diagnostic tool, particularly for teeth with a pulpal diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Clinicians should routinely carry out cold pulp sensibility testing on teeth when making a pulpal diagnosis.