bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Removal of Tars from Coal‐Derived Syngas Using Methyl Oleate
Authors: Mir Ilyas Yousuf , Kherdekar Pranav Vivekrao , Bhatia Divesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe absorption of model tar compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) in methyl oleate is studied in a fixed‐bed absorption column. The dynamic system involving the recirculation of the tar‐rich solvent is modeled as a combination of various steady‐state snapshots in time, and this approach effectively predicts the performance of the absorber. The rate‐based model shows a good agreement with the experimental data as compared to the equilibrium‐based model. Further, a pilot‐scale absorber is designed for the removal of tars from syngas generated in a coal‐to‐methanol plant. The validated rate‐based model is used to predict the effect of various operating and geometry parameters on the absorption efficiency of the pilot‐scale absorber. The regeneration of the solvent by steam stripping and reboiled stripping is evaluated.
Nonlinear electronic density response of the ferromagnetic uniform electron gas at warm dense matter conditions
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Vorberger Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a recent Letter [T. Dornheim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 085001 (2020)], we have presented the first ab initio results for the nonlinear density response of electrons in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime. In the present work, we extend these efforts by carrying out extensive new path integral Monte Carlo simulations of a ferromagnetic electron gas that is subject to an external harmonic perturbation. This allows us to unambiguously quantify the impact of spin‐effects on the nonlinear density response of the warm dense electron gas. In addition to their utility for the description of WDM in an external magnetic field, our results further advance our current understanding of the uniform electron gas as a fundamental model system, which is important in its own right.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides at C5 Position with Acetonitrile, Ethers or Acetone
Authors: Liu Da , Xia Zhen , Xiao Yuanjiu , Yu Yongqi , Yu Lin , Song Zenan , Wu Qianlong , Zhang Junhui , Tan Ze 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel and efficient method for highly regioselective cyanomethylation of 8‐aminoquinoline amides at C5 position was developed. Such reactions proceed under transition metal‐free and base‐free conditions. This protocol features simple operation, high efficiency, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Moreover, the etherification or acetonation products were also obtained when acetonitrile was replaced by ethers or acetone, and a radical process was involved in the reaction.
Assessing the Risks to Bats from Plant Protection Products: A Review of the Recent European Food Safety Authority Statement Regarding Toxicity and Exposure Routes
Authors: Brooks A.C. , Nopper J. , Weyers A. , Crosland H. , Foudoulakis M. , Haaf S. , Hackett M. , Lawrence A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wild birds and mammals that feed in agricultural habitats are potentially exposed to pesticides through various routes. Until recently, it has been implicitly assumed that the existing European Union risk assessment scheme for birds and mammals also covered bats (Chiroptera). However, recent publications raised concerns and, in 2019, a scientific statement was published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) that concluded that bats were not adequately covered by the current risk assessment scheme. We review the evidence presented and assumptions made in the EFSA bat statement relating to toxicity, bioaccumulation, and exposure pathways (oral, dermal, and inhalation), in terms of their relevance for bats potentially foraging in agricultural areas in the European Union; we highlight where uncertainties remain and how these could be addressed. Based on our review, it is clear that there is still much uncertainty with regard to the appropriateness of the assumptions made in the EFSA bat statement. Significantly more information needs to be gathered to answer fundamental questions regarding bat behavior in agricultural landscapes, together with the relative sensitivity of bats to pesticide exposure. Given the current critical information gaps, it is recommended that quantitative risk assessments for bats not be performed for pesticides until more robust, reliable, and relevant data are available. The risk to bats can then be compared with that for birds and ground-dwelling mammals, to determine the protectiveness of the existing scheme and thus whether a bat scenario is indeed required and under what circumstances. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2978–2989. © 2021 Cambridge Environmental Assessments, part of RSK ADAS Ltd. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
An efficient edge based data structure for the compressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations on hybrid unstructured meshes
Authors: Akkurt Semih , Sahin Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient edge based data structure has been developed in order to implement an unstructured vertex based finite volume algorithm for the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations on hybrid meshes. In the present approach, the data structure is tailored to meet the requirements of the vertex based algorithm by considering data access patterns and cache efficiency. The required data are packed and allocated in a way that they are close to each other in the physical memory. Therefore, the proposed data structure increases cache performance and improves computation time. As a result, the explicit flow solver indicates a significant speed up compared to other open‐source solvers in terms of CPU time. A fully implicit version has also been implemented based on the PETSc library in order to improve the robustness of the algorithm. The resulting algebraic equations due to the compressible Navier–Stokes and the one equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence equations are solved in a monolithic manner using the restricted additive Schwarz preconditioner combined with the FGMRES Krylov subspace algorithm. In order to further improve the computational accuracy, the multiscale metric based anisotropic mesh refinement library PyAMG is used for mesh adaptation. The numerical algorithm is validated for the classical benchmark problems such as the transonic turbulent flow around a supercritical RAE2822 airfoil and DLR‐F6 wing‐body‐nacelle‐pylon configuration. The efficiency of the data structure is demonstrated by achieving up to an order of magnitude speed up in CPU times.
Economic and sustainability benefits of the United States Golf Association's investment in water, fertilizer, and pesticide management research
Authors: Thompson Cole S. , Kridel Donald J. , Kenna Michael P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe United States Golf Association (USGA) has invested more than US$45 million in turfgrass and environmental research since 1983. This effort has developed research‐based management practices that have contributed to the efficient use of water, fertilizer, and pesticides on U.S. golf courses. Still, there is insufficient evidence of the economic benefits. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the golf industry's resource and economic benefits from the USGA's investment in water, fertilizer, and pesticide management research. Data were collected from an online survey focused on the benefits associated with golf facilities’ adoption of research‐based management practices in six primary areas of interest: (a) evapotranspiration‐based irrigation scheduling (water budgeting), (b) soil moisture sensing, (c) best management practices that reduce nonpoint source pollution by fertilizers and pesticides, (d) putting green construction techniques, (e) naturalized roughs, and (f) improved turfgrass cultivars. Only the first three areas are discussed in this study. Based on data from the survey, multiple econometric models were developed for each of the management practices. All three research‐based management practices have been widely adopted throughout the U.S. golf industry. Across the three management practices studied, modeling indicated a total annual financial benefit of US$1.03 billion to the golf industry. This compares with an estimated yearly Green Section budget of roughly US$10 million, of which US$2 million is for turfgrass and environmental research. Research investment by governments and industry leaders is critical to the sustainability of the golf industry.
Effect of bioactive glasses containing strontium and potassium on dentin permeability
Authors: Acevedo Luisa Alegria , Campos Letícia Antonelo , Dechandt Iolanda Cristina , Alegria Gustavo , Siqueira Renato Luiz , Zanotto Edgar Dutra , Carlos Serbena Francisco , Santos Fabio André 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDentin hypersensitivity (DH) is characterized by pain caused by an external stimulus on exposed dentin. Different therapeutic approaches have been proposed to mitigate this problem; however, none of them provide permanent pain relief. In this study, we synthesized and characterized experimental bioactive glasses containing 3.07 mol% SrO or 3.36 mol% K2O (both equivalent to 5 wt% in the glass), and evaluated their effect on dentin permeability to verify their potential to treat DH. The experimental materials were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction to confirm the respective structures and chemical compositions. The reduction in the hydraulic conductance of dentin was evaluated at the three stages: minimum permeability; maximum permeability (24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] treatment); and final dentin permeability after treatment with the bioactive glasses. They all promoted a reduction in dentin permeability, with a significant difference for each sample and posttreatment group. Also, a significant reduction in dentin permeability was observed even after a simulated toothbrushing test, demonstrating effective action of these materials against DH. Besides, incorporating 3.07 mol% SrO was a positive factor. Therefore, strontium's desensitizing and re‐mineralizing properties can be further exploited in bioactive glasses to promote a synergistic effect to treat DH.
Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and iron deficiency: a long‐term study
Authors: Kramer Tilmann , Wissmüller Max , Natsina Kristiana , Gerhardt Felix , ten Freyhaus Henrik , Dumitrescu Daniel , Viethen Thomas , Hellmich Martin , Baldus Stephan , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with limited survival. Iron deficiency (ID) correlates with disease severity and mortality. While oral iron supplementation was shown to be insufficient in such patients, the potential impact of parenteral iron on clinical measures warrants further investigation.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the long‐term effects of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on iron status and clinical measures in patients with PAH and ID [ferritin < 100 μg/L or ferritin 100–300 μg/L and transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20%] who were on stable targeted PAH therapy, compared with matched controls without ID. Patients with ID received a single infusion of FCM (500 to 1000 mg). Clinical measures monitored included exercise capacity, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, ESC/ERS risk status, and hospitalizations. The observation period was up to 18 months.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients (mean age 60.9 ± 16.1 years; 64.1% females) with confirmed PAH and on stable targeted therapy for ≥3 months were included (58 with and 59 patients without ID who did not receive FCM). In patients with ID, iron supplementation with FCM resulted in an immediate and sustained improvement of iron status for up to 18 months (serum iron, ferritin, TSAT, all P < 0.01). Fourteen patients in the FCM group received a second FCM infusion after 9.6 ± 4.8 months due to recurrent ID. At 6 and 18 months after FCM infusion, 6 min walk distance improved from 377.5 ± 15.9 at baseline to 412.5 ± 15.1 and 400.8 ± 14.5 m, respectively (both P < 0.05). WHO functional class (P < 0.05) and ESC/ERS risk status also improved, and there was a reduction of hospitalizations for worsening PAH in the 12 months post vs. prior to iron repletion (P = 0.029). No significant changes were observed in the control group. FCM was well tolerated in all patients, with no severe adverse events.ConclusionsIn addition to targeted therapy, correction of ID by parenteral iron supplementation with FCM appears feasible and safe, has sustained effects on iron status, and may improve the clinical status and hospitalization rates in patients with PAH. Larger controlled studies are required to confirm this finding.
Electrophoretic deposition of bioglass reinforced zirconia for biomedical application
Authors: Zac C.H. , Bushroa A.R. , Sarraf M. , Rizwan M. , Jamaludin M.F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTi‐6Al‐4V alloy is a bioinert material with low bioactive properties, which may hamper its bonding ability with body tissues that can be overcome by coating the metal with a bioactive glass layer, 45S5 reinforced zirconia. This coating can be deposited using an electrophoretic deposition process. In this study, a comparison is made between three types of coatings which are bioglass, pure zirconia and bioglass reinforced zirconia before and after heat treated. Mechanical evaluations using scratch tests and micro‐hardness tests are conducted to evaluate the adhesion strengths and hardness properties of the coatings. The results show the presence of oxygen, and variations in the amounts of bioglass and zirconia, due to the activity of crystallization. X‐ray diffraction confirms presence of all precursor elements in the coatings. The highest hardness value of 414 HV 2.942 is obtained for the sintered bioglass‐zirconia composite coating, as compared to the hardness of bare titanium alloy of 266 HV 2.942. The highest adhesion strength of 1929 mN is also obtained for the bioglass‐zirconia composite coating. These results show excellent performance for sintered bioglass‐zirconia composite coating, making it a potential coating material for biomedical implants.
An improved stress recovery technique for the unfitted finite element analysis of discontinuous gradient fields
Authors: Zhang Jian , Aragón Alejandro M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStress analysis is an all‐pervasive practice in engineering design. With displacement‐based finite element analysis, directly‐calculated stress fields are obtained in a post‐processing step by computing the gradient of the displacement field—therefore less accurate. In enriched finite element analysis (EFEA), which provides unprecedented versatility by decoupling the finite element mesh from material interfaces, cracks, and structural boundaries, stress recovery is further aggravated when such discontinuities get arbitrarily close to nodes of the mesh; the presence of small area integration elements often yields overestimated stresses, which could have a detrimental impact on nonlinear analyses (e.g., damage or plasticity) since stress concentrations are just a nonphysical numerical artifact. In this article, we propose a stress recovery procedure for enhancing the stress field in problems where the field gradient is discontinuous. The formulation is based on a stress improvement procedure (SIP) initially proposed for low‐order standard finite elements. Although generally applicable to all EFEA, we investigate the technique with the Interface‐enriched Generalized Finite Element Method and compare the procedure to other post‐processing smoothing techniques. We demonstrate that SIP for EFEA provides an enhanced stress field that is more accurate than directly‐calculated stresses—even when compared with standard FEM with fitted meshes.
Registration of ‘CP 13‐4100’ sugarcane
Authors: Momotaz Aliya , Davidson R. Wayne , Islam Md S. , Sandhu Hardev S. , Zhao Duli , Sood Sushma , Baltazar Miguel , Coto Arbelo Orlando , Gordon Vanessa S. , McCord Per H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract‘CP 13‐4100’ (Reg. no. CV‐202, PI 698546) sugarcane cultivar (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. The Florida Sugarcane Variety Committee (FSVC) released CP 13‐4100 in June 2020 to growers for commercial cultivation on mineral (sand) soils. It originated from a polycross made at Canal Point (CP) on 3 Dec. 2008 where CP 96‐1252 was the female parent and the male parent was unknown and could be any one of genotypes used in the polycross. CP 13‐4100 was released by FSVC for its high cane and sucrose yields, acceptable commercial recoverable sucrose, and resistances to orange rust, leaf scald, Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), and smut, and acceptable levels of susceptibility to brown rust. CP 13‐4100 and commercial reference checks (i.e., CL 88‐4730, CP 96‐1252, CPCL 97‐2730) yield data were collected from 12 harvests (i.e. three crop cycles—plant cane, first, and second ratoon—at four sand‐soil locations) in final‐stage replicated yield trials. Compared with CL 88‐4730 and CPCL 97‐2730, CP 13‐4100 had significantly (P ≤ .0001) higher cane yield (tonnes of cane per hectare: 18.7 and 29.5%), sucrose yield (tonnes of sugar per hectare: 26.3 and 30.7%), and economic index (EI; 10.9–16.9%) and no significant differences from CP 96‐1252 in these traits. CP 13‐4100 tested negative for the Bru1 marker, which is linked to a quantitative major locus of brown rust resistance. CP 13‐4100 could be considered moderately tolerant to freezing among 23 tested genotypes.
From well‐known to changed everyday family life in families with childhood cancer: A grounded theory of disrupted family dynamic
Authors: Christensen Sophie Rex , Carlsen Line Thoft 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveFamilies affected by childhood cancer need to adapt either temporarily or permanently. This study identifies variables that influence this adaption in positive or negative ways by presenting a classic grounded theory.MethodsThis inductive, qualitative study included 69 childhood cancer patients, 39 siblings, 42 parents, and 24 childhood cancer survivors from 104 families.ResultsThe families enter a social process after diagnosis characterized by either shuttling between the well‐known and the new or being in a situation with both aspects. The extent depends on the stage of the treatment (initial phase, during treatment, or the end of the course of treatment) and on four variables: (1) the diagnosis and prognosis; (2) the course of the disease, including duration of treatment or hospitalizations, and separation from the remaining family; (3) the child's current state, including symptoms, hospitalizations, and current risk of death or relapse; and (4) whether previous and current needs have been met.ConclusionsThese variables offer a possible explanation of insufficient coping strategies, and they should be used to identify potentially vulnerable families. The dynamic of the variables imply that families should be reevaluated during each of the three phases, as the risk of changes to the family's everyday life may increase and therefore their needs may also change.
The disposition effect and admiration seeking
Authors: Max Suchanek , Liêu Minh‐Lý 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between the disposition effect and personality traits and aims to find an additional explanation of this bias in a willingness to pay for admiration. We conduct a personality assessment, a stock trading game and a sealed‐bid English auction for 84 individual investors. The gathered data correspond with the literature on a descriptive level; however, even though admiration‐seeking behavior is an important part of social interaction, there is no significant willingness to pay for it. Furthermore, we do not see any influence of personality on the disposition effect. Our findings add to the ongoing discussion of personality traits in connection with behavioral biases.
Long‐term side effects and lingering symptoms post COVID‐19 recovery
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Bose Deepanwita , Nouri‐Vaskeh Masoud , Tajiknia Vida , Zand Ramin , Ghasemi Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

SummarySince the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), our understanding regarding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of this disease have been improving. However, we still have limited data on long‐term effects and lingering symptoms of post COVID‐19 recovery. Despite predilection of COVID‐19 for lungs, multiple extra‐pulmonary manifestations appear in multiple organs and biological systems and with continued infection and recovery worldwide. It is necessary that clinicians provide patients with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with expectations of long‐term effects during or after recovery from COVID‐19. Herein, we review the long‐term impact of COVID‐19 on different organ systems reported from different clinical studies. Understanding risk factors and signs and symptoms of long‐term consequences after recovery from COVID‐19 will allow for proper follow‐up and management of the disease post recovery.
Neubau der Neckarbrücke Benningen
Authors: Maulhardt Christoph , Haug Holger , Schumm Marc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIm Zuge der neuen Ortsumfahrung der Gemeinde Benningen ist in den vergangenen beiden Jahren eine elegant geschwungene neue Neckarbrücke entstanden. Die 195 m lange Stahlverbundbrücke bildet neben ihrer wichtigen Funktion zur Reduzierung der Verkehrsbelastung in Benningen ein gestalterisch prägendes Bauwerk, das sich in die Umgebung der Weinberge an der Neckarschleife harmonisch einfügt. Das wartungsarme, semi‐integrale Tragwerk weist aufgrund seiner doppelt gekrümmten Form im Grund‐ und Aufriss eine komplexe Geometrie sowie weitere Besonderheiten in der konstruktiven Ausbildung der Detailpunkte auf. Dabei sind insbesondere die nachgiebig auszuführenden Gründungen im Bereich der Flusspfeiler, die monolithische Verbindung der Stummelpfeiler zu den aus Stahlhohlkastenquerschnitten gebildeten Schrägstielen und die Ausbildung der markant gestalteten Rahmenecken zu nennen. Über die daraus resultierenden Herausforderungen und Lösungen innerhalb der Planung und Bauausführung wird im Folgenden berichtet.
Azido‐Alkynes in Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Indole Syntheses
Authors: Greiner Luca C. , Matsuoka Junpei , Inuki Shinsuke , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe exploitation of nitrogen‐functionalized reactive intermediates plays an important role in the synthesis of biologically relevant scaffolds in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Those based on gold carbenes carry a strong potential for the design of highly efficient cascade processes toward the synthesis of compounds containing a fused indole core structure. This personal account gives a detailed explanation of our contribution to this sector, and embraces the reaction development of efficient gold‐catalyzed cascade processes based on diversely functionalized azido‐alkynes. Challenging cyclizations and their subsequent application in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds and natural products conducted in an intra‐ or intermolecular fashion are key features of our research.