bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Strontium-90 in Human Teeth as a Result of Nuclear Fall-Out
Authors: Starkey Will 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStrontium-90, resulting from nuclear fall-out, is taken up by bone and tooth during periods of calcification. The results are reported of a dental survey carried out by the Royal Navy since 1959. There is a time lag of three to four years between the development of the roots and the development of the crowns in relation to the total period of calcification which allows the probable rate of uptake to be determined from tooth assays. Since there is close correlation between tooth and bone levels, tooth assays may be used to monitor bone levels in living subjects.
A Survey of Recent Motion Sickness Research
Authors: Brand J. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe only drugs which appear to give consistently reliable protection against symptoms are hyoscine, diphenhydramine, cyclizine and promethazine. Field trials have indicated dose levels of hyoscine and cyclizine which can be expected to afford good protection with a minimum of side effects. Human and animal studies are described which have helped to clarify the mechanism and site of action of motion sickness drugs. Experiments carried out in life-rafts at sea indicate that nausea and vomiting can be controlled by a dose of 0.2 milligrams of hyoscine hydrobromide given intramuscularly.
A History of Mass Radiography of the Chest in the Royal Naval Barracks, Portsmouth
Authors: Price Sydney H. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMass Radiography of the chest was introduced by the Royal Naval Medical Service. The first two departments were opened in Chatham and Portsmouth in 1940. In spite of the large numbers of immigrants arriving in this country, the civilian authorities have announced their intention to phase out their mobile units. A brief summary of results obtained in the Portsmouth Naval Department for the periods 1940-1943 and 1966-1969 is included.
The Challenge of Underwater Exploration
Authors: Barnard E. E. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiving is limited to a narrow range of depth and a limited radius of action, whereas submarines, submersible craft and bathyscaphes give men either a wider range of activity or, at depths where divers cannot operate, protection from the physical and physiological hazards which would otherwise prevent exploration of the deep oceans. The various factors which limit or inhibit the penetration of divers to the greatest depths arise from being air-breathing mammals adapted to living at atmospheric pressure. Each new solution brings new problems, but voice distortion and excessive loss of body heat are current problems nearing solution.The analysis of present trends is presented in the context of the author’s definition of diving as ‘the use of engineering and physiological knowledge to carry out underwater tasks’.
The Use of Scinti-Scanning in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Macleod Murdoch A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly evident that in many patients with pulmonary embolism, diagnosis is made difficult by minimal or absent symptoms and normal appearance of the chest X-ray, especially in the earlier stages. In this paper 30 cases of suspected pulmonary embolism are presented, 23 of whom were radiologically normal and whose symptoms ranged from that of severe to minor. It is concluded that lung scanning is a highly sensitive indicator for, and the investigation of first choice in, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
Patellectomy for Chondromalacia Patellae
Authors: Chakraverty A. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChondromalacia patellae presents a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon, especially in the Royal Navy, where this condition is found to be very common. The disability from this condition often outweighs the usefulness of the patella as a bone and, not infrequently, a surgeon has to resort to an ablative procedure like patellectomy when other methods of treatment have failed. The overall results of pateilectomy are good, but they often tend to be disappointing in the adolescent, eg, the Royal Marine recruit, which explains the surgeon’s hesitation in performing total excision of the patella in this young group of patients. The causes of the failures have been discussed. The initial results of patelloplasty have been promising.
Non-Narcotic Analgesics — Their use and Abuse
Authors: Cliff J. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is now available a considerable range of non-narcotic analgesics; many are still supplied in the form of compound tablets although true synergy is rare in clinical pharmacology. The value of these analgesics is discussed and their many other uses outlined. Drug toxicity and drug interaction constitute an important part of modern clinical therapeutics and the rapidly expanding literature is reviewed in an attempt to both clarify and summarise the present position.
Inhalation of the Crown of a Tooth by a Conscious Patient
Authors: Radford R. , Rudge G. H. A. , Scanlan S. G. , Smith A. F. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis communication is presented to: (a) Stress that inhalation of a foreign body can occur whilst the patient is conscious. (b) To illustrate the problems of anaesthetising a bronchoscopy patient.
Obesity in Childhood
Authors: Bennett A. N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObesity is the most important nutritional disease in the developed countries of the world. Since there is no internationally agreed criterion for diagnosis, either for adults or children, an exact figure for prevalence cannot be quoted but surveys suggest that, in highly developed countries, about one third of the population is overweight to an extent associated with d’minished life expectancy. (Office of Health Economics, 1969.)
Fibreoptic Endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and its Application in the Royal Navy
Authors: Hunt Richard H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibreoptic endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract is now a well established technique and an invaluable diagnostic tool in the dyspeptic patient. In this paper the experience of 137 examinations carried out over a six month period at the Royal Naval Hospital Haslar is presented together with a discussion of the implications of this examination in the Royal Navy.
Delayed Wound Closure
Authors: Watt James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough first practised by a naval surgeon during the Crimean War, the principles of delayed wound closure have had to be relearned in every subsequent conflict. Recent studies of missile ballistics have revealed their potential for extensive tissue injury and widespread contamination beyond the limits of the missile track. Radical wound debridement with delayed wound closure at the optimal time are mandatory.
47Ca and 85Sr Absorption and Excretion Compared in Normal Controls
Authors: Macleod Murdoch A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe absorption and excretion of 47Ca and 85Sr, measured by an arm counting technique is compared, and the effect of increasing carrier loads of stable calcium demonstrated. The net absorption of 47Ca was found to be greater than that of 85Sr, at all levels of calcium intake although the net absorption of both isotopes fell as the calcium carrier loud was increased.The excretion of 85Sr, measured by arm counting, was 3.36 times greater than that of 47Ca. This compares favourably with figures of 3.34 (Nordin, Smith and Nisbet 1964) and 3.5 (Barnes, Bishop, Harrison and Sutton, 1961) derived from plasma, urinary and faecal measurements made over a period of seven days in a hospital metabolic unit.
A Comparison of Two Quantitative Methods of Analysing Thyroid Dynamic Studies in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Houston A. S. , Thorpe N. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo quantitative methods of analysing thyroid dynamic studies using 99mTc O-4 are compared for 33 patients (22 euthyroid, 8 hyperthyroid and 3 hypothyroid). A physiological model based on pertechnetate uptake by the thyroid is compared with principal components analysis. Both methods gave good separation between euthyroid and hvperthyroid in all but one case, while the separation between euthyroid and hypothyroid, although based on a small sample, appeared to be better for principal components analysis.
Anatomy of the lumbar interspinous ligament: findings relevant to epidural insertion using loss of resistance
Authors: Lawrence Sue , Llewellyn Stacey , Hunt Helen , Cowin Gary , Sturgess David J , Reutens David 
Published: October 2021

Background and objectivesThe ‘loss of resistance’ technique is used to determine entry into the epidural space, often by a midline needle in the interspinous ligament before the ligamentum flavum. Anatomical explanations for loss of resistance without entry into the epidural space are lacking. This investigation aimed to improve morphometric characterization of the lumbar interspinous ligament by observation and measurement at dissection and from MRI.MethodsMeasurements were made on 14 embalmed donor lumbar spines (T12 to S1) imaged with MRI and then dissected along a tilted axial plane aligned with the lumbar interspace.ResultsIn 73 interspaces, median (IQR) lumbar interspinous plus supraspinous ligament length was 29.7 mm (25.5–33.4). Posterior width was 9.2 mm (7.7, 11.9), with narrowing in the middle (4.5 mm (3.0, 6.8)) and an anterior width of 7.3 mm (5.7, 9.8).Fat-filled gaps were present within 55 (75%). Of 51 anterior gaps, 49 (67%) were related to the ligamenta flava junction. Median (IQR) gap length and width were 3.5 mm (2.5, 5.1) and 1.1 mm (0.9, 1.7).Detection of gaps with MRI had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 93.5 to 100), 94.4% specificity (72.7, 99.9), 98.2% (90.4, 100) positive predictive value and 100% (80.5, 100) negative predictive value against dissection as the gold standard.ConclusionsThe lumbar interspinous ligament plus supraspinous ligament are biconcave axially. It commonly has fat-filled gaps, particularly anteriorly. These anatomical features may form the anatomical basis for false or equivocal loss of resistance.
Aggregate stability after 25 years of organic, conventional, and grassland management
Authors: Stainsby April , Entz Martin H. 
Published: October 2021

Aggregate stability (AS) was measured in the 25th year of a long-term organic — conventional comparison field study. Located in southern Manitoba, the study includes two, four-year crop rotations under conventional and organic management, plus a grassland. The forage-grain rotation includes alfalfa (Medicago sativa)–alfalfa–wheat (Triticum aestivum)–flax (Linum usitatissimum). The grain only rotation includes wheat–flax–oat (Avena sativa)–soybean (Glycine max); hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is substituted for soybean in the organic system. Composted manure was added every 4 yr to half of the organic forage-grain rotation to correct a phosphorus deficiency. The wheat and flax phases were sampled at depths (0–10 cm; 10–20 cm) in spring 2017, and wet aggregate stability was measured using the Yoder method with stacked sieves. Mean weight diameter (MWD) was calculated. AS in the organic systems was never lower than that of comparable conventional systems, but had more large aggregates in only a few cases. Our hypothesis that including alfalfa would increase AS was supported in only a few instances. The largest aggregates (1–2 mm and 2–6.3 mm) and the fewest smallest aggregates (0.25–0.5 mm) were observed in the grassland. For the intermediate aggregate size class (0.5–1 mm), the organic forage-grain systems had levels similar (P > 0.05) to the grassland. While adding manure increased plant growth by about 40% in the organic forage-grain rotation, no AS differences were observed. Limited AS response in the arable systems may be due to suboptimal soil C contents; only the grassland had a C content above the minimum 35 g·kg−1 postulated for Vertisols.
Power concavity for elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems on rotationally symmetric domains
Authors: Ishige Kazuhiro , Salani Paolo , Takatsu Asuka 
Published: October 2021

We study power concavity of rotationally symmetric solutions to elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems on rotationally symmetric domains in Riemannian manifolds. As applications of our results to the hyperbolic space [Formula: see text], we have The first (positive) Dirichlet eigenfunction of the Laplacian on a ball in [Formula: see text] raised to some power [Formula: see text] is strictly concave; Let [Formula: see text] be the heat kernel on [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] is strictly log-concave in [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
A New Estimation of Failure Analysis in Fuzzy Environment, Case Study: The Electrical Model Failure for the Football Stadium
Authors: Allahviranloo T. , Abbasi F. 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose the new fuzzy arithmetic operations based on transmission average on pseudo-hexagonal fuzzy numbers from [F. Abbasi, T. Allahviranloo and S. Abbasbandy, A new attitude coupled with fuzzy thinking to fuzzy rings and fields, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 29 (2015) 851–861]. The properties of these propose operations and their fundamental qualities are discussed in detail. Several illustrative examples were given to show the accomplishment and ability of the proposed method. Finally, as a applied rudimentary case study an electric network model of a football stadium is considered in fuzzy environment. The reliability of components for the proposed model is considered as pseudo-hexagonal fuzzy number.
Opioid Usage and Pain Control in Benign Oropharyngeal Surgery: An Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Stewart Matthew , Mastrolonardo Eric , Ghias Adeeba , Butkus Joann , Hobelmann Kealan , Zhan Tingting , Dang Sophia , Cognetti David , Rosen David , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Little data is available on opioid usage in the adult population for benign oropharyngeal surgery. The objective here is to evaluate opioid prescribing patterns, opioid consumption, and patient pain patterns following benign oropharyngeal surgery, specifically tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy alone, and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty. Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years old and received a tonsillectomy, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, or expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty between November 2019 and August 2020 were included. Patients were provided a survey which included a visual analog scale for recording their pain postoperatively and the amount of opioid they had remaining. Results: About 103 patients completed the post-operative questionnaire. Patients were prescribed 38 837 morphine milligram equivalents and used 28 644: approximately 26% went unused, which is the equivalent of 1346 5 mg oxycodone pills. Opioid consumption correlated with the initial dosage: patients consumed 12% more narcotic on average as the initial prescription went upwards by 50 morphine milligram equivalents. Obstructive sleep apnea, history of smoking, and being female predicted increased opioid usage in this cohort. Pain was reported the highest on postoperative day 1. A prescription of approximately 225 morphine milligram equivalents (150 mg oxycodone) was associated with decreased opioid use in this cohort. Larger initial prescriptions did not result in fewer requests for refills. Conclusion: A significant amount of opioid medication went unused in this study. A prescription of 225 morphine milligram equivalents (or 150 mg oxycodone) provided appropriate analgesia for the majority of patients. Larger prescriptions may result in increased opioid consumption and may not reduce the amount of refills. More study is needed to confirm these findings.
Assessing a Proposal for Updating the Marxist Theory of Dependency
Authors: Osorio Jaime 
Published: October 2021

A recent proposal for updating of the Marxist theory of dependency requires abandoning the categories of superexploitation and unequal exchange and the theory of dependent capitalism. Examination of the limitations of this proposal highlights the misconceptions regarding these categories and the importance of recognizing dependent capitalism as a form of capitalism for an understanding of the state of the revolution in Latin America and the exceptional conditions that have made it possible for some economies to overcome underdevelopment. Una propuesta reciente de renovación de la teoría marxista de la dependencia reclama abandonar las categorías superexplotación e intercambio desigual y la de capitalismo dependiente. Un examen de las limitaciones de esta propuesta destaca a los errores en la comprensión de esas categorías así como la relevancia de capitalismo dependiente como una forma de capitalismo para comprender la actualidad de la revolución en América Latina y las condiciones de excepción que han hecho posible superar el subdesarrollo por algunas economías.
A pilot-study focusing on internal rotation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using the Activities of Daily Living which require Internal Rotation (ADLIR) score
Authors: Beckers Joris J , Lafosse Laurent , Caruso Giovanni , Kopel Luc , Commeil Paul , Mariaux Sandrine , Lafosse Thibault 
Published: October 2021

Background Loss of internal rotation remains an issue after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Our goal is to define the expected functional internal rotation after RTSA using the Activities of Daily Living which require Internal Rotation (ADLIR) score in a homogenous population of patients treated with RTSA. Methods 35 patients with a minimum follow-up of two years after RTSA were evaluated using the ADLIR and Constant-Murley questionnaires. A correlation between the ADLIR and Constant score was investigated and the internal validity of the ADLIR score used in a RTSA patient population was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The impact of internal rotation on the total rotational arc of motion was defined. Results Excellent results were recorded for both the Constant score (79 ± 18) and ADLIR score (88 ± 16). Pearson's correlation coefficient was r = 0,84 ( p-value <0,001). The ADLIR score showed a high reliability for all questions. Conclusions The ADLIR score has proven to be a useful addition in the post-operative evaluation of patients treated with RTSA. Further studies are needed to investigate the evolution of the ADLIR score from pre- to postoperatively in order to determine the clinical and predictive value of this score. Level of evidence Level IV - Observational study.
Evidence supporting a role for circulating macrophages in the regression of vascular remodeling following sub‐chronic exposure to hemoglobin plus hypoxia
Authors: Karoor Vijaya , Swindle Delaney , Pak David I , Harral Julie , Strassheim Derek , Fini Mehdi A , Dempsey Edward , Stenmark Kurt R , Hassell Kathryn , Nuss Rachelle , Buehler Paul W. , Irwin David C. 
Published: October 2021

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population with both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory functions play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, promoting inflammation under pathological conditions, and tissue repair after injury. In pulmonary hypertension, the M1 phenotype is more pro‐inflammatory compared to the M2 phenotype, which is involved in tissue repair. The role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension is well studied. However, their role in the regression of established pulmonary hypertension is not well known. Rats chronically exposed to hemoglobin (Hb) plus hypoxia (HX) share similarities to humans with pulmonary hypertension associated with hemolytic disease, including the presence of a unique macrophage phenotype surrounding distal vessels that are associated with vascular remodeling. These lung macrophages are characterized by high iron content, HO‐1, ET‐1, and IL‐6, and are recruited from the circulation. Depletion of macrophages in this model prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. In this study, we specifically investigate the regression of pulmonary hypertension over a four‐week duration after rats were removed from Hb + HX exposure with and without gadolinium chloride administration. Withdrawal of Hb + HX reversed systolic pressures and right ventricular function after Hb + Hx exposure in four weeks. Our data show that depleting circulating monocytes/macrophages during reversal prevents complete recovery of right ventricular systolic pressure and vascular remodeling in this rat model of pulmonary hypertension at four weeks post exposure. The data presented offer a novel insight into the role of macrophages in the processes of pulmonary hypertension regression in a rodent model of Hb + Hx‐driven disease.
Developing Chenopodium ficifolium as a potential B genome diploid model system for genetic characterization and improvement of allotetraploid quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Authors: Subedi Madhav , Neff Erin , Davis Thomas M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a high-value grain known for its excellent nutritional balance. It is an allotetraploid species (AABB, 2n = 4x = 36) formed by the hybridization between AA and BB genome diploid (2n = 2x = 18) species. This study reports genetic studies in Chenopodium ficifolium as a potential B genome diploid model system to simplify the genetic studies of quinoa including gene identification and marker-assisted breeding.

Results
Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Quebec City, Quebec accessions of C. ficifolium were used to develop an F2 population segregating for agronomically relevant traits including flowering time, plant height, the number of branches, branch angle, and internode length. Marker-trait associations were identified for the FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 1 (FTL1) marker gene, where the alternate alleles (A1/A2) were segregating among the F2 generation plants in association with flowering time, plant height, and the number of branches. There was a strong correlation of the flowering time trait with both plant height and the number of branches. Thus, a possible multifaceted functional role for FTL1 may be considered. The parental Portsmouth and Quebec City accessions were homozygous for the alternate FTL1 alleles, which were found to be substantially diverged. SNPs were identified in the FTL1 coding sequence that could have some functional significance in relation to the observed trait variation.

Conclusion
These results draw further attention to the possible functional roles of the FTL1 locus in Chenopodium and justify continued exploration of C. ficifolium as a potential diploid model system for the genetic study of quinoa. We expect our findings to aid in quinoa breeding as well as to any studies related to the Chenopodium genus.