bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Validation Tool (VaPCE) for Postcoordinated SNOMED CT Expressions: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Ohlsen Tessa , Hofer Viola , Ingenerf Josef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The digitalization of health care has increased the demand for efficient data exchange, emphasizing semantic interoperability. SNOMED Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), a comprehensive terminology with over 360,000 medical concepts, supports this need. However, it cannot cover all medical scenarios, particularly in complex cases. To address this, SNOMED CT allows postcoordination, where users combine precoordinated concepts with new expressions. Despite SNOMED CT’s potential, the creation and validation of postcoordinated expressions (PCEs) remain challenging due to complex syntactic and semantic rules.

Objective
This work aims to develop a tool that validates postcoordinated SNOMED CT expressions, focusing on providing users with detailed, automated correction instructions for syntactic and semantic errors. The goal is not just validation, but also offering user-friendly, actionable suggestions for improving PCEs.

Methods
A tool was created using the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) service $validate-code and the terminology server Ontoserver to check the correctness of PCEs. When errors are detected, the tool processes the SNOMED CT Concept Model in JSON format and applies predefined error categories. For each error type, specific correction suggestions are generated and displayed to users. The key added value of the tool is in generating specific correction suggestions for each identified error, which are displayed to the users. The tool was integrated into a web application, where users can validate individual PCEs or bulk-upload files. The tool was tested with real existing PCEs, which were used as input and validated. In the event of errors, appropriate error messages were generated as output.

Results
In the validation of 136 PCEs from 304 FHIR Questionnaires, 18 (13.2%) PCEs were invalid, with the most common errors being invalid attribute values. Additionally, 868 OncoTree codes were evaluated, resulting in 161 (20.9%) PCEs containing inactive concepts, which were successfully replaced with valid alternatives. A user survey reflects a favorable evaluation of the tool’s functionality. Participants found the error categorization and correction suggestions to be precise, offering clear guidance for addressing issues. However, there is potential for enhancement, particularly regarding the level of detail in the error messages.

Conclusions
The validation tool significantly improves the accuracy of postcoordinated SNOMED CT expressions by not only identifying errors but also offering detailed correction instructions. This approach supports health care professionals in ensuring that their PCEs are syntactically and semantically valid, enhancing data quality and interoperability across systems.
STUDY OF DRUG UTILISATION PATTERN IN ACNE VULGARIS IN DERMATOLOGY OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: DOLI CHOUDHURY  , PINAKI CHAKRAVARTY  , TANUREETO CHOUDHURY  
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To study the drug utilization pattern of drugs prescribed to patients suffering from acne vulgaris attending the Outpatient Department of Dermatology at Tezpur Medical College and Hospital. 2 To assess the rationality of prescriptions using the World Health Organization (WHO) core indicators. Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders, affecting more than 85% of adolescents worldwide. The irrational use of drugs is a significant concern in modern medical practice, as it can lead to ineffective treatment, unnecessary prescriptions, adverse effects, and an economic burden on both patients and society.
Results: A total of 2,360 prescriptions were analyzed. A female predominance was observed among the patients, with the most common age group being 21–30 years. The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.21. The percentage of medicines prescribed by generic names was 62.35%, and the percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 29%. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was doxycycline, and the majority of drugs prescribed were topical (74.32%).
Conclusion: This study performed relatively well when compared to other similar studies but still fell short when measured against the optimal values recommended by the WHO. An improvement in the prescribing pattern is necessary to reduce the unnecessary prescription of drugs, enhance the effectiveness of treatment, and lower the cost of treatment.
E-Book Interaktif Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar: Kelayakan dan Efektivitas
Authors: Putri Ni Nyoman Yati Cana , Wiarta I Wayan 
Published: December 2024

Implementasi proses pembelajaran di satuan pendidikan belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan teknologi dan fokus urgensi guru saat ini masih pada adaptasi kurikulum yang baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan E-Book interaktif berbasis Problem Based Learning yang efektif digunakan khususnya pada muatan pelajaran IPAS materi Tumbuhan Sumber Kehidupan di Bumi kelas IV. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan tes. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan validasi ahli rancang bangun memperoleh skor 90% (sangat baik), validasi ahli isi/materi pembelajaran memperoleh skor 93,33% (sangat baik), validasi ahli desain instruksional memperoleh skor 95% (sangat baik), validasi ahli media pembelajaran memperoleh skor 95% (sangat baik), uji coba perorangan memperoleh 97,50% (sangat baik), uji coba kelompok kecil memperoleh skor 93,05% (sangat baik). Pengujian efektivitas produk memperoleh hasil thitung (40,413) lebih besar daripada ttabel (2,042) untuk dk=30 dan taraf signifikansi 5%, maka H1 diterima. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa E-Book interaktif berbasis Problem Based Learning efektif digunakan pada muatan pelajaran IPAS pada siswa Kelas IV SD.
Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Proyek Pada Muatan IPAS Materi Harmoni Dalam Ekosistem Untuk Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mertaningsih Ni Rai Sri , Suniasih Ni Wayan 
Published: December 2024

Permasalahan yang terjadi di sekolah dasar yakni guru dalam proses pembelajaran masih memanfaatkan buku cetak yang disediakan di sekolah dan belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan teknologi pada beberapa mata pelajaran, salah satunya yakni mata pelajaran IPAS. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas Multimedia Interaktif Pada Muatan Pelajaran IPAS. Subjek uji coba penelitian ini yakni ahli materi/isi, ahli desain, dan ahli media pembelajaran serta 9 orang siswa kelas V. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model ADDIE. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, kuesioner dan metode tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data yakni lembar kuisioner dan tes pilihan ganda. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis statistik inferensial uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran Multimedia Interaktif layak digunakan ditinjau dari aspek media maupun materi dengan kualifikasi keseluruhan sangat layak. Hasil uji t menyatakan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Adapun implikasi penelitin ini yaitu media pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan siswa dan sarana berkomunikasi, khususnya dalam konteks pembelajaran modern.
Effect of Salicylic Acid in Inhibiting Fungal Contamination in in vitro Cultures of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Enhancing Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development
Authors: Jassim Naji Salim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the role of salicylic acid in diminishing fungal contamination in in vitro cultures of date palm and the effect of salicylic acid on the regeneration of somatic embryos from callus formed on shoot tips. The most prevalent fungi were Alternaria alternata (37%), Fusarium solani (25%), Aspergillus fumigatus (18%), and Penicillium expansum (6%). Salicylic acid limited and at higher concentrations retarded mycelial growth using potato dextrose agar. Salicylic acid at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0 mM added to MS medium with 2iP and NAA significantly increased the embryogenesis rate of calli explants to 64.9% and 56.7%, respectively, compared with the control (12.3%). Salicylic acid also increased plantlet development from embryos by about 27% compared with the control. Salicylic acid caused better shoot and root growth and increased chlorophyll content. The results showed that the addition of salicylic acid at 1.5 mM to the MS medium resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of IAA and ABA, as well as a decrease in the concentration of IBA in leaves.
In vitro Propagation of Cymbidium aloifolium Sw. Through Shoot-Tip Culture
Authors: Kaur Saranjeet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The research aimed to investigate the regenerative capacity of Cymbidium aloifolium shoot tips obtained in vitro. Shoot-tip explants (< 1–2 mm) of C. aloifolium were cultured on Mitra medium supplemented with cytokinins and auxins individually and in combinations. The regenerative response, proliferation of regenerants, and subsequent plantlet development were evaluated. Explants (< 1 mm) remained resistant to regeneration, whereas those 1–2 mm responded to the chemical stimulus. Auxins were highly beneficial in initiating the regenerative response and early plantlet development. Protocorms multiplied best on medium containing sucrose at a concentration of 15 g·L-1.
Cosmogony and Cosmology in Korean Confucian Historiography. Based on the Samguk Sagi by Kim Busik
Authors: Solovyov A. V. 
Published: December 2024

This research aims to test the assumption, long-established in Oriental studies, that Confucian philosophy and, therefore, historiography, focused primarily on the specific and rational tasks of social management and government, which tend to ignore the issues of cosmogony, instead replacing it with cosmology. However, in recent times, claims about the paramount rationality of Confucian chronicles have been questioned. These doubts are of relevance in relation to the Korean official Confucian chronicle the Samguk sagi (Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms). Juxtaposing its text with other Korean sources, this article identifies three layers in which cosmogonic motifs and elements of cosmogonic myths can be found. These elements are observed in the stories about the founders of states as cultural heroes, in the approach of the historiographer Kim Busik to the presentation of the history of dynastic cycles (the emergence–bloom–decline–fall of the state), and in the biographies of various historical characters, which are included in a special biographical section of the chronicle. The composition of these biographies partially reproduces the cosmogonic model of the cycle of the hero’s transformations developed by Joseph Campbell. In the annalistic narrative, cosmogonic motifs are closely intertwined with cosmological motifs, forming a kind of a binary yin-yang monad. Kim Busik's Confucian historiographical rationalization does not reject myth entirely, integrating into the historical-political moralizing narrative those elements that correspond to the canon of historiography and their significance for the history of the country and the people. The very process of such integration requires serious efforts from the historiographer, since myths sometimes resist such reappropriation. As a result, many mythological stories are discarded, leaving in the historical narrative either the strongest, most significant elements, that in a sense overpower the canon, or those that resonate with the mythological basis of the canon itself.
Study on Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Trace amount of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in some Cough Syrups in Vietnam
Authors: Thien Dau Dang , Nga Le Thi , Tam Nguyen Thi , Lam Chu Thi Thanh , Trang Tran Thi Quynh , Giang Dinh Thi Truong 
Published: December 2024

The optimal measurement parameters of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry method (DP-ASV) to simultaneously determine the trace amount of the four elements Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu have been studied, including the sweep rate, pulse amplitude, drop size of mercury, initial purge, equilibration time. The analytical procedure was applied to determine Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in 12 cough syrup samples in Viet Nam, including 6 functional food samples and 6 medicinal samples. The quantitative echnique used was standard addition and the applicability of quantitative elements in self - made samples was studied. Cough syrup analysis samples were digested using the wet ashing method in microwave oven. Research results show that there are no regular differences in elements content between medicinal cough syrup samples and functional food samples, except for functional food samples TP08 which has Pb content and the syrup medicine sample TH03 which has Cu content many times higher than other types. However, the content of the studied elements is within the allowable limits according to curent regulations (QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT; 46/2007/QĐ-BYT, WHO). The method has low detection limits and limit of quantification with ppb level, the relative standard deviations (% RSD) of repeated measurements are less than 3%, and recovery reflects the accuracy of the analytical method for elements ranging from 61.0 % to 87.5 %, which meets AOAC requirements for trace.
ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА КОНТУРА С ТОКОМ
Authors: РАМАЗАНОВ И М. 
Published: December 2024

Работа посвящена поиску эффективных методов решения уравнений Максвелла в применении к инженерной практике. Уравнение решено с применением теоремы Ампера. Теорема, по сути, являвшейся гипотезой, поскольку доказана не была, в работе доказана, с применением Закона Био и Савара. Предсказанная в Теореме «интенсивность магнита» определена, как вихревое поле, индуцированное вращающимся в контуре с током зарядом. Вычислено её (интенсивности) значение. Показано, что «интенсивность» имеет постоянное значение внутри плоского контура с током и обращается в нуль вне контура. Построено тензорное (электромагнитного поля) дифференциальное уравнение второго порядка, что позволило привести решение уравнения Максвелла к хорошо разработанной системе Нютоновских потенциалов. Результаты работы позволили найти иную, более наглядную форму подобия уравнений электродинамики и гидродинамики.
The work is devoted to the search for effective methods for solving Maxwell's equations as applied to engineering practice. When solving problems, Ampere's theorem was applied. The theorem, which was essentially a hypothesis, since it had not been proven, was proven in the work using the Biot and Savart Law. The "magnet intensity" predicted in the Theorem is defined as the vortex field induced by a charge rotating in a circuit with current. Its (intensity) value is calculated. It is shown that the "intensity" has a constant value inside a flat contour with current and vanishes outside the contour. A solution to Maxwell's equations is proposed using the results obtained. A tensor (of electromagnetic field) differential equation of the second order is constructed, which leads to the solution of Maxwell's equation to a well-developed system of Newtonian potentials. The results of the work made it possible to find a different, more visual form, similar to the samples of electrodynamics and hydrodynamics.
О децентрализованном решении задачи одновременного прибытия автономных мобильных объектов к финальной точке с использованием анализа больших данных
Authors: Черноиваненко И.А. , Кравец О.Я. 
Published: December 2024

Необходимость перехода к более совершенным методам управления при использовании обычного автономного мобильного объекта (АМО) для контроля одновременного прибытия возникает ввиду чрезмерного отклонения. Инновационным решением данной проблемы является использование децентрализованного метода управления для контроля одновременного прибытия АМО к финальной точке, который основан на анализе больших данных. Было предложено решение для объединения децентрализованной информации посредством использования фильтрации, на основе которой осуществляется управление децентрализованной координацией формирований. В статье представлены основные характеристики АМО, показаны параметры объединения информации о АМО, описано децентрализованное координационное управление формированием и произведено вычисление оптимального пути и скорости сходимости для децентрализованного управления, а также учтены ограничения на задержку связи. Было проведено экспериментальное исследование ошибок в направлении х предлагаемым методом и сравнение с ошибками в эксперименте без использования данного метода управления. Также представлены графики сравнения скорости сходимости. Результаты эксперимента показали, что децентрализованный метод управления оказывает значительное влияние на определение цели АМО и сходимость ошибок. Благодаря предлагаемому подходу удалось повысить эффективность управления и снизить ошибки, тем самым, доказана целесообразность использования данного метода управления.
The need to switch to more advanced control methods when using a conventional autonomous mobile facility (AMO) to control simultaneous arrivals arises due to excessive deviation. An innovative solution to this problem is the use of a decentralized management method to control the simultaneous arrival of the AMO to the final point, which is based on the analysis of big data. A solution was proposed to combine decentralized information through the use of filtering, on the basis of which the decentralized coordination of formations is managed. The article presents the main characteristics of AMO, shows the parameters of combining information about AMO, describes decentralized coordination management of formation and calculates the optimal path and convergence rate for decentralized management, and also takes into account restrictions on communication delay. An experimental study of errors in the x direction by the proposed method was carried out and compared with errors in the experiment without using this control method. Graphs comparing the convergence rate are also presented. The results of the experiment showed that the decentralized management method has a significant impact on the definition of the aim of AMO and the convergence of errors. Thanks to the proposed approach, it was possible to increase the efficiency of management and reduce errors, thereby proving the expediency of using this management method.
РАЗРАБОТКА КОНСТРУКЦИИ КОЛОННОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ ДИСТИЛЛЯЦИИ МИСЦЕЛЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРИНЦИПОВ ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИИ
Authors: ЛИСИЦЫН А.Н. , ФЕДОРОВ А.В. , ВОЛКОВ С.М. , ФЕДОРОВ А.А. , НОВОСЕЛОВ А.Г. 
Published: December 2024

Создание отечественных машин и аппаратов для переработки сельскохозяйственного сырья – акту- альная проблема в условиях импортозамещения. Для дистилляции мисцеллы в маслоэкстракционном производст- ве требуются высокопроизводительные и энергоэффективные системы, которые должны обладать потенциалом модернизации. Эту задачу можно решить, выполняя теоретические и экспериментальные исследования для раз- работки как отдельных фрагментов дистилляции, так и установки в целом. На основе системного анализа гидро- динамических и тепломассообменных процессов, а также опыта передовых технических решений в дистилляции мисцеллы маслоэкстракционного производства выбрана конфигурация многоступенчатого колонного аппарата. Новизной предлагаемой конструкции является организация практически непрерывного кипения мисцеллы на всех ступенях дистилляции, обработка мисцеллы в гравитационно стекающих пленках на наружной поверхности обогре- ваемых труб, максимальная рекуперация теплоносителя и эффективный расчетный барботаж высококонцентриро- ванной мисцеллы перегретым водяным паром. Создана гибкая методика определения геометрических и режимных параметров узлов. Выполнен расчет конструкции колонного аппарата при производительности 9 т/ч подсолнечно- го масла. Колонная компоновка системы дистилляции по сравнению с многокорпусной позволяет уменьшить ме- таллоемкость оборудования и дает возможность более рационально использовать производственные площади.
The creation of domestic machines and apparatuses for processing agricultural raw materials is an urgent problem in the context of import substitution. For the distillation of miscella in oil extraction production, high-performance and energy- effi cient systems, which must have the potential for modernization, are required. This task can be solved by performing theoretical and experimental research to develop both individual distillation fragments and the installation as a whole. Based on a system analysis of hydrodynamic and heat and mass transfer processes and the experience of modern technical developments in the distillation of miscella in oil extraction production, a confi guration of a multi-stage column apparatus has been proposed. The novelty of the proposed construction is the organization of almost continuous boiling of miscella at all stages of distillation, processing of miscella in gravitational fl owing fi lms on the outer surface of heated pipes, maximum recovery of the coolant and effective calculated bubbling of highly concentrated miscella with superheated water vapor. A methodology for determining the geometric and operating parameters of its components is presented. The design of the column apparatus at a capacity of 9 t/h of sunfl ower oil was calculated. The column layout of the distillation system, compared with a multi-body one, reduces the metal consumption of equipment and makes it possible to use production areas more effi ciently.