bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of top webpages providing abortion pill information for Google searches in the USA: An evidence-based webpage quality assessment
Authors: Pleasants Elizabeth , Guendelman Sylvia , Weidert Karen , Prata Ndola 
Published: January 2021

Background
In the United States, the internet is widely used to seek health information. Despite an estimated 18 million Google searches on abortion per year and the demonstrated importance of the abortion pill as an option for pregnancy termination, the top webpage search results for abortion pill searches, as well as the content and quality of those webpages, are not well understood.

Methods
We used Google’s Custom Search Application Programming Interface (API) to identify the top 10 webpages presented for “abortion pill” searches on August 06, 2018. We developed a comprehensive, evidence-based Family Planning Webpage Quality Assessment Tool (FPWQAT), which was used to assess webpage quality for the five top webpages presenting text-based educational content.

Results
Of the top webpages for “abortion pill” searches, a plannedparenthood.com page was the top result and scored highest on our assessment (81%), providing high-quality and useable information. The other four webpages, a Wikipedia.com page and three anti-abortion information webpages, scored much lower on our assessment (14%-43%). These four webpages had lower quality of information in less useable formats. The anti-abortion pages also presented a variety of disinformation about the abortion pill.

Conclusions
Both the lack of accurate clinical content on the majority of top webpages and the concerning disinformation they contained raise concerns about the quality of online abortion pill information, while underlining challenges posed by Google search results to informed choice for consumers. Healthcare providers and consumers must be informed of online abortion pill content that is not based in current clinical evidence, while advocates and policymakers should push for online information that is credible and useable. These changes are imperative given the importance of sound abortion pill information for reproductive decision-making at a time when in-person abortion services are further challenged in the US.
Comparison of parasite load by qPCR and histopathological changes of inner and outer edge of ulcerated cutaneous lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Thomaz Caio , de Mello Cintia Xavier , Espíndola Otávio de Melo , Shubach Armando de Oliveira , Quintella Leonardo Pereira , de Oliveira Raquel Vasconcelos Carvalhaes , Duarte Adriane Corrêa Gomes , Pimentel Maria Inês Fernandes , Lyra Marcelo Rosandiski , Marzochi Mauro Celio de Almeida 
Published: January 2021

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious vector-borne disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus that affects humans and animals. The distribution of parasites in the lesion is not uniform, and there are divergences in the literature about the choice of the better sampling site for diagnosis–inner or outer edge of the ulcerated skin lesion. In this context, determining the region of the lesion with the highest parasite density and, consequently, the appropriate site for collecting samples can define the success of the laboratory diagnosis. Hence, this study aims to comparatively evaluate the parasite load by qPCR, quantification of amastigotes forms in the direct exam, and the histopathological profile on the inner and outer edges of ulcerated CL lesions.

Methods
Samples from ulcerated skin lesions from 39 patients with confirmed CL were examined. We performed scraping of the ulcer inner edge (base) and outer edge (raised border) and lesion biopsy for imprint and histopathological examination. Slides smears were stained by Giemsa and observed in optical microscopy, the material contained on the smears was used to determine parasite load by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with primers directed to the Leishmania (Viannia) minicircle kinetoplast DNA. The histopathological exam was performed to evaluate cell profile, tissue alterations and semi-quantitative assessment of amastigote forms in inner and outer edges.

Principal findings
Parasite loads were higher on the inner edge compared to the outer edge of the lesions, either by qPCR technique (P<0.001) and histopathological examination (P< 0.003). There was no significant difference in the parasite load between the imprint and scraping on the outer edge (P = 1.0000).

Conclusion/Significance
The results suggest that clinical specimens from the inner edge of the ulcerated CL lesions are the most suitable for both molecular diagnosis and direct parasitological examination.
Identifying causative mechanisms linking early-life stress to psycho-cardio-metabolic multi-morbidity: The EarlyCause project
Authors: Mariani Nicole , Borsini Alessandra , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Felix Janine F. , Sebert Sylvain , Cattaneo Annamaria , Walton Esther , Milaneschi Yuri , Cochrane Guy , Amid Clara , Rajan Jeena , Giacobbe Juliette , Sanz Yolanda , Agustí Ana , Sorg Tania , Herault Yann , Miettunen Jouko , Parmar Priyanka , Cattane Nadia , Jaddoe Vincent , Lötjönen Jyrki , Buisan Carme , González Ballester Miguel A. , Piella Gemma , Gelpi Josep L. , Lamers Femke , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Tiemeier Henning , von Tottleben Malte , Thiel Rainer , Heil Katharina F. , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Pariante Carmine , Mansuy Isabelle M. , Lekadir Karim 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Depression, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are among the major non-communicable diseases, leading to significant disability and mortality worldwide. These diseases may share environmental and genetic determinants associated with multimorbid patterns. Stressful early-life events are among the primary factors associated with the development of mental and physical diseases. However, possible causative mechanisms linking early life stress (ELS) with psycho-cardio-metabolic (PCM) multi-morbidity are not well understood. This prevents a full understanding of causal pathways towards the shared risk of these diseases and the development of coordinated preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Methods and analysis
This paper describes the study protocol for EarlyCause, a large-scale and inter-disciplinary research project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The project takes advantage of human longitudinal birth cohort data, animal studies and cellular models to test the hypothesis of shared mechanisms and molecular pathways by which ELS shapes an individual’s physical and mental health in adulthood. The study will research in detail how ELS converts into biological signals embedded simultaneously or sequentially in the brain, the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. The research will mainly focus on four biological processes including possible alterations of the epigenome, neuroendocrine system, inflammatome, and the gut microbiome. Life-course models will integrate the role of modifying factors as sex, socioeconomics, and lifestyle with the goal to better identify groups at risk as well as inform promising strategies to reverse the possible mechanisms and/or reduce the impact of ELS on multi-morbidity development in high-risk individuals. These strategies will help better manage the impact of multi-morbidity on human health and the associated risk.
Jesús Cano Reyes (ed.). Bobby Deglané. Crónicas de la guerra civil española. Sevilla: Renacimiento (Espuela de Plata), 2019.
Authors: López Sánchez Raquel 
Published: January 2021

Reseña de la referencia bibliográfica Jesús CANO REYES (ed.). Bobby Deglané. Crónicas de la guerra civil española. Sevilla: Renacimiento (Espuela de Plata), 2019. ISBN: 9788417146863
Les recherches examinant le rapport entre les médias et la petitesse (smallness)
Authors: Bersipont Rémy 
Published: January 2021

Cet article propose une synthèse des recherches interrogeant le rapport entre les médias et la petitesse (smallness). Par le biais d’une méthode mixte, il montre que l’audiovisuel et les politiques médiatiques constituent les objets les plus régulièrement étudiés. Longtemps marginales au sein de l’agenda scientifique, les publications ayant pour thématique la presse écrite connaissent, depuis le milieu des années 2010, une croissance notable sous l’impulsion de la révolution numérique. Après avoir classifié la littérature en quatre idéal-types disciplinaires (l’économie politique des médias, l’économie des médias, les études en journalisme et les cultural studies), nous mettons en évidence que, au sein du corpus analysé, les recherches appartiennent principalement à la première tradition scientifique. L’article analyse ensuite les principaux résultats auxquels sont parvenus les chercheurs œuvrant au sein de chacun des courants identifiés avant de conclure en proposant plusieurs pistes de recherche.
Az 50+ korosztály fogyasztói magatartásváltozásai - egy mélyinterjús kutatás eredményei
Authors: Hegedüs Réka 
Published: January 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJAI
Kutatásunk célja, hogy megismerjük az életkor növekedéséből és az életúton történő változásokból adódó fogyasztási és vásárlási magatartásváltozásokat, valamint értékeljük ezek szubjektív érzékelését, különös tekintettel az idősödő korosztályra.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
Feltáró kutatásunkban mélyinterjúk formájában kérdeztük az idősödő fogyasztókat (50 év feletti mintán) az életútjuk során megélt és a későbbiekre várt fordulópontokról, az életkorukhoz kötődő kiemelkedő eseményekről, valamint a jelenlegi életkorukhoz fűződő viszonyukról. Az életúttörténeten belül vizsgáltuk az általuk legfontosabbnak tekintett 5 fordulópont mentén kialakult - szubjektíven érzékelt - fogyasztói magatartásváltozást.
A LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A mélyinterjúk eredményei alapján a megkérdezett személyek főképp kategorizálva emlékeztek vissza életük fordulópontjaira (iskolák/munka/család/egészség), ezeket igazítva az időrendi sorrendhez. Az életeseményekhez nem minden esetben tudtak konkrét kronológiai életkort kötni, hanem jellemzően életkori sávokban szemléltették a váltások idejét. Átlagosan 8 fordulópontot említettek, mely számot erősen befolyásolja, hogy az adott személy mit tekint fordulópontnak az életében, de leggyakrabban 5 kiemelt, változást hozó életeseményről számoltak be. Ezen változásokat nehezen kötötték össze a fogyasztásbeli változásokkal – általánosítva említettek termékcsoportokat, és jellemzően az újonnan vásárolni kezdett termékcsoportokra emlékeztek az elhagyott termékekkel szemben.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Mivel az életút változásaira irányított figyelem kevés teret engedett a megkérdezettek emlékezetében fogyasztói magatartásuk észlelésére, célravezetőbb a vásárlások irányából megközelítve elemezni a fogyasztói kosarak időbeni eltéréseit, majd ezekhez kapcsolni a fordulópontokat vagy életszakaszokat.
Köszönetniylvánítás: A kutatás az Emberi Erőforrás Fejlesztési Operatív Program, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004 „Átfogó fejlesztések a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen az intelligens szakosodás megvalósítása érdekében”, valamint az EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00007 „Tehetségből fiatal kutató – A kutatói életpályát támogató tevékenységek a felsőoktatásban” című projektek támogatásával készült.
Study of the Distribution and Change Law of Stress in Subgrade Immersed in Water in the Hetao Irrigation Area
Authors: Shen Zuo , Jin Li , Xin-zhang Cui , Miao-zhang Yu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Bayan Nur Section of the Jing-Xin Expressway is located in the Hetao irrigation area. In this area, open river flooding is employed to irrigate the farmland, which causes seasonal subgrade immersion. With the fluctuation in the water levels, the water content of the subgrade soil increases, and the soil strength decreases due to water infiltration and capillary action. Thus, a field test section is built for long-term monitoring of the earth pressure, pore pressure, and settlement, and gravel cushion and reinforcement materials are utilized to reinforce the foundation in the test section. The test results show that the tidal variation in the groundwater level is obvious during the irrigation season, with the maximum increase in the pore pressure being 147.7 %, and the highest water level being 0.9 m above the ground. The change of subgrade soil moisture content and subgrade buoyancy results in the change of subgrade base pressure direction. The pressure distribution of the subgrade base after the reinforcement of the sand-gravel cushion and geotechnical materials presents an inverted bell type, which is similar to the pressure distribution of the rigid foundation base. The restraint and tension film effect of the cushion and reinforcement materials helps in improving the rigidity of the subgrade base.
High expression of an unknown long noncoding RNA RP11-290L1.3 from GDM macrosomia and its effect on preadipocyte differentiation
Authors: Lin Yu , Zhang Yingying , Xu Lei , Long Wei , Shan Chunjian , Ding Hongjuan , You Lianghui , Zhao Chun , Shi Zhonghua 
Published: January 2021

Aims
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-induced macrosomia is predominantly characterized by fat accumulation, which is closely related to adipocyte differentiation. An unknown long noncoding RNA RP11-290L1.3, referred to as RP11, was identified to be dramatically upregulated in the umbilical cord blood of women with GDM-induced macrosomia in our previous study. We conducted this study to identify the function of RP11 in GDM-induced macrosomia.

Methods
The effects of RP11 gain- and loss-of-function on HPA-v (human preadipocytes-visceral) adipogenesis were determined with lentivirus mediated cell transduction. The mRNA and protein expression levels of adipogenesis makers were evaluated by qPCR/Western blot. Then, we performed the microarray and pathway analysis to explore the possible mechanisms by which RP11 regulates adipogenesis.

Results
Overexpression of RP11 significantly enhanced adipocyte differentiation and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of adipogenesis makers, such as PPARγ, SREBP1c, and FASN by qPCR/Western blot. Knockdown of RP11 showed opposite effects. Microarray and pathway analysis showed, after RP11 knockdown, 1612 genes were upregulated, and 583 genes were down-regulated which were found to be mainly involved in metabolic pathways, insulin signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the unknown lncRNA RP11 serves as a positive factor on preadipocyte differentiation which could shed light on fetal fat accumulation in GDM.
Comparison of immunoglobulin E anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Çildağ Songül , Yenisey Çiğdem , Ünübol Mustafa , Şentürk Taşkın 
Published: January 2021

Background and aim. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disease of unknown etiology and autoimmunity has been thought to be an etiological factor. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain cases of urticaria. The aim of this study is to investigate IgE-anti-TPO in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Methods. A total of 175 -subjects were included in this study. 59 patients had chronic spontaneous urticaria without history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, while 58 patients had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis without history of urticaria. The control group consisted of 58 participants without history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and urticaria. Serum IgE-anti-TPO levels were analyzed by site-directed IgE capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique. We used this technique by modifying it.
Results. IgE-anti-TPO antibodies were detected in all three groups and in all subjects. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of IgE-anti-TPO levels. Although total IgE and IgE-anti-TPO levels were higher in the IgG-anti-TPO positive chronic spontaneous urticaria, there was no significant difference.
Conclusions. IgE-anti-TPO antibodies do not play a pathogenic role in the majority of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Contemporary Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Mattoo Tej K. , Shaikh Nader , Nelson Caleb P. 
Published: January 2021

A state-of-the art review of current literature on UTI in children, with a particular focus on its diagnosis and management by general pediatricians.Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children, and girls are at a significantly higher risk, as compared to boys, except in early infancy. Most cases are caused by Escherichia coli. Collection of an uncontaminated urine specimen is essential for accurate diagnosis. Oral antibiotic therapy for 7 to 10 days is adequate for uncomplicated cases that respond well to the treatment. A renal ultrasound examination is advised in all young children with first febrile UTI and in older children with recurrent UTI. Most children with first febrile UTI do not need a voiding cystourethrogram; it may be considered after the first UTI in children with abnormal renal and bladder ultrasound examination or a UTI caused by atypical pathogen, complex clinical course, or known renal scarring. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is used selectively in high-risk patients. Few patients diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux after a UTI need surgical correction. The most consequential long-term complication of acute pyelonephritis is renal scarring, which may increase the risk of hypertension or chronic kidney disease later in life. Treatment of acute pyelonephritis with an appropriate antibiotic within 48 hours of fever onset and prevention of recurrent UTI lowers the risk of renal scarring. Pathogens causing UTI are increasingly becoming resistant to commonly used antibiotics, and their indiscriminate use in doubtful cases of UTI must be discouraged.
Dosis Absorbida en la pared uterina y el feto por administración de 99mTc (DTPA, DMSA, y MAG3)
Authors: Vásquez-Arteaga Marcial , Vega-Carrillo Hector , Rodriguez-Benites Carlos , Marín-Rengifo Kelman , Jiménez-García Alberto , Ruiz-Gómez Andrés 
Published: January 2021

Se calculó la dosis absorbida en la pared uterina y feto de una mujer con tres meses de gestación sometida a estudios renales con 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-DMSA y 99mTc-MAG3. Para el cálculo dosimétrico se usó la metodología MIRD y la representación antropomórfica de los órganos maternos debido a Stabin. La mayor dosis absorbida por la pared uterina y el feto se obtuvieron con el uso del 99mTc-MAG3. El órgano de la biocinética que contribuye con la mayor dosis es la vejiga. La menor dosis absorbida por la pared uterina y el feto se obtuvieron con el uso del 99mTc-DMSA. El órgano de la biocinética que contribuye con la mayor dosis es el "resto" de órganos.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: DE LA TEORÍA A LA PRÁCTICA
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Un rasgo importante de las políticas públicas es que contienen planes complejos y coherentes de mediano o largo plazo, tienen como objetivo a la totalidad de la población o sectores amplios de ella y, por lo menos en la teoría, buscan el bien común. Para su ejecución requieren instrumentos, tales como, la promulgación de normas (leyes, reglamentos, directrices y otros instrumentos jurídicos) recursos financieros, recursos humanos y un grado considerable de legitimidad, entendida como la aceptación y el apoyo por parte de un sector significativo o por la totalidad de la ciudadanía.
ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO DEL CANTÓN RIOBAMBA EN ECUADOR DURANTE EL “CORREATO”
Authors: Vives Sarmiento Jessenia Valeria , Naranjo Navas Christian Paúl 
Published: January 2021

La evolución política y económica de Ecuador durante el periodo 2007-2017, confluye alrededor del gobierno de Rafael Correa, conocido como el periodo del “Correato”. El artículo revisa el contexto ideológico del Socialismo del siglo xxi, el contexto económico del Correato y el impacto de las políticas económicas en el cantón Riobamba. El crecimiento económico de Riobamba se basó en las áreas de construcción, transporte y manufactura. Las políticas implementadas durante el “Correato” provocaron un aumento de la deuda pública para sostener el crecimiento económico. No obstante, a partir de 2015, el crecimiento se detiene, y las variables económicas y sociales empiezan a retroceder.
PIRAGUAS MEDICINALES: UNA PROPUESTA DE EDUCACIÓN EN SALUD PARA COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS COLOMBIANAS
Authors: Hernández Sarmiento José Mauricio , Calle Estrada María Camila , Ospina Jiménez María Camila , Roldán Tabares Mabel Dahiana , Álvarez Hernández Luis Felipe , Jaramillo Jaramillo Laura Isabel , Martínez Sánchez Lina María 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal evidenciar el proceso de abordaje de actividades de educación en salud en las comunidades indígenas del Chocó en Colombia para la implementación de hábitos de vida saludables, además se pretende conocer la percepción que tienen los participantes de esta iniciativa, con el fin de evaluar el impacto que tienen estas intervenciones en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud y la calidad de vida de la comunidad. Para ello, se realizaron visitas a dichas comunidades y se ejecutó un programaeducativo conocido como “Diplomado en hábitos saludables bajo el modelo de prevención de enfermedades infecciosas” para formar promotores de salud que transmitan el conocimiento adquirido a los miembros de sus comunidades. Se han capacitado más de 220 líderes indígenas del departamento del Chocó, pertenecientes a las comunidades Emberá (Dóbida, Chamí, Katío y Eperara Siapidara), Wounaan, Tulé y Zenú.
¿SOCIOLOGÍA DE LA LITERATURA? ¿QUÉ ES ESO? LEAMOS A GISÈLE SAPIRO
Authors: Montero Corrales Cristopher 
Published: January 2021

Este texto es una reseña del libro La Sociología de la Literatura de Gisèle Sapiro. Este libro evidencia las formas de construcción del objeto de estudio entre la Sociología y la Literatura, así como, los principales marcos teóricos que se han ocupado de la reflexión del texto literario, su creación y la recepción social, a través de un compendio de estudios y reflexiones que han abordado el texto literario como hecho social. Esta obra finaliza con una muestra de los espacios emergentes de la Sociología de la Literatura. Resulta ser un texto de consulta importante para la reflexión sociológica de la literatura por las diversas exploraciones teóricas y enfoques que plantea en cuatro capítulos: Teoría y enfoques sociológicos de la literatura, Las condiciones sociales de producción de las obras, La Sociología de las obras y Sociología de la recepción.
Aménagements pédagogiques pour des étudiants en situation de handicap
Authors: Anjard Jean-yves , Roiné Christophe 
Published: January 2021

Notre recherche interroge les conditions de dévolution mises en œuvre avec les aides proposées aux étudiants en situation de handicap à l’université. À cet effet, après avoir réalisé des entretiens exploratoires, nous avons étudié un corpus d’entretiens auprès d’étudiants en situation de handicap et d’enseignants issus des différents collèges de l’université. Les résultats de l’analyse thématique et lexicométrique nous ont alors permis de mettre en exergue deux types d’aménagements : des aménagements institutionnels qui concernent avant tout les examens et des aménagements situationnels qui sont l’objet de négociations entre des étudiants en situation de handicap et leurs enseignants et qui s’ancrent dans des situations d’enseignement et des contextes particuliers de formation. Nous avons analysé leurs fonctionnalités au regard des conditions de la dévolution des situations d’enseignement. Cette démarche nous amène à interroger la notion d’accessibilité pédagogique et didactique à l’université pour les étudiants en situation de handicap. La prise en compte des spécificités disciplinaires et celles qui sont liées au handicap au sein de situations d’enseignement permet de proposer une aide pour faire face aux obstacles pédagogiques de la situation.