bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing study engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among health and social professions students
Authors: Koob Clemens , Schröpfer Kristina , Coenen Michaela , Kus Sandra , Schmidt Nicole 
Published: July 2021

Background
The aim of this study is to explore factors influencing the study engagement of health and social professions students during the COVID-19 pandemic. While antecedents of study engagement have been studied previously, the factors influencing engagement under pandemic conditions have not yet been investigated. Furthermore, there is a particular need for research among students in health and social professions programs, as these students are particularly affected by the pandemic. As theoretical basis, the study draws on the demands-resources-theory. It is hypothesized that pandemic-related study and personal resources drive engagement during the pandemic, and that pandemic-related demands negatively influence engagement.

Method
The study uses a cross-sectional survey to explore the hypothesized effects. The sample consists of 559 university students of health and social professions in Germany. The study was carried out in July 2020, towards the end of the first digital semester and after the first peak in COVID-19 cases. Data are analyzed using linear multiple regression analysis.

Results
The findings show that the demands-resources-theory is suitable to explain study engagement even under pandemic conditions. Suitable digital learning formats and social support are identified as important study resources for study engagement during major life events, while emotional resilience, active self-care and academic self-efficacy are identified as important personal resources.

Conclusions
Under pandemic conditions academic institutions should focus on providing beneficial teaching formats and innovative ways to support students lacking social networks. Besides, they should consider developing means to help students structuring daily life as well as establishing initiatives to strengthen students’ self-efficacy beliefs.
A comparison of children’s diet and movement behaviour patterns derived from three unsupervised multivariate methods
Authors: D’Souza Ninoshka J. , Downing Katherine , Abbott Gavin , Orellana Liliana , Lioret Sandrine , Campbell Karen J. , Hesketh Kylie D. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBehavioural patterns are typically derived using unsupervised multivariate methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), latent profile analysis (LPA) and cluster analysis (CA). Comparability and congruence between the patterns derived from these methods has not been previously investigated, thus it’s unclear whether patterns from studies using different methods are directly comparable. This study aimed to compare behavioural patterns derived across diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep domains, using PCA, LPA and CA in a single dataset.MethodsParent-report and accelerometry data from the second wave (2011/12; child age 6-8y, n = 432) of the HAPPY cohort study (Melbourne, Australia) were used to derive behavioural patterns using PCA, LPA and CA. Standardized variables assessing diet (intake of fruit, vegetable, sweet, and savoury discretionary items), physical activity (moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA] from accelerometry, organised sport duration and outdoor playtime from parent report), sedentary behaviour (sedentary time from accelerometry, screen time, videogames and quiet playtime from parent report) and sleep (daily sleep duration) were included in the analyses. For each method, commonly used criteria for pattern retention were applied.ResultsPCA produced four patterns whereas LPA and CA each generated three patterns. Despite the number and characterisation of the behavioural patterns derived being non-identical, each method identified a healthy, unhealthy and a mixed pattern. Three common underlying themes emerged across the methods for each type of pattern: (i) High fruit and vegetable intake and high outdoor play (“healthy”); (ii) poor diet (either low fruit and vegetable intake or high discretionary food intake) and high sedentary behaviour (“unhealthy”); and (iii) high MVPA, poor diet (as defined above) and low sedentary time (“mixed”).ConclusionWithin this sample, despite differences in the number of patterns derived by each method, a good degree of concordance across pattern characteristics was seen between the methods. Differences between patterns could be attributable to the underpinning statistical technique of each method. Therefore, acknowledging the differences between the methods and ensuring thorough documentation of the pattern derivation analyses is essential to inform comparison of patterns derived through a range of approaches across studies.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in colorectal carcinoma, adenomatous polyps and non-tumour bearing margins of resection tissues in a cohort of black Africans
Authors: Ezenkwa Uchenna Simon , Okolo Clement Abu , Ogun Gabriel Olabiyi , Akere Adegboyega , Ogunbiyi Olufemi John 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEmerging data suggest a negative role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Investigating this in developing communities such as ours helps to contribute to existing understanding of these lesions.Methods and findingsFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC colectomy tissues and their corresponding non-tumour margins of resected tissues were sectioned and stained with COX-2 antibody. Adenomatous polyp tissues from non-cancer bearing individuals were similarly processed for comparison. COX-2 expression was scored for percentage (< 5% = 0; 6%-25% = 1; 26%-50% = 2; 51%-75% = 3; 76%-100% = 4) and intensity (no staining = 0; yellow = 2; yellowish-brown = 3, brown = 4). Total immunoscore (percentage + intensity score) ≥ 2 was regarded as positive COX-2 expression. Outcome was statistically evaluated with clinicopathological data to determine COX-2 expression-associated and predictor variables. Ninety-five CRC cases and 27 matched non-tumour tissues as well as 31 adenomatous polyps met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with CRC had a mean age of 56.1 ± 12.6 years while those with adenomatous polyps had a median age of 65 years (range 43–88). COX-2 was differentially overexpressed in CRCs (69/95; 72.6%) and in adenomatous polyps (17/31; 54.8%) than in non-tumour tissues 5/27 (18.5%);p< 0.001). The difference in COX-2 expression between CRC and polyps was non-significant (p> 0.065). Tumour grade, advanced pT-stage, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, and dirty necrosis were also significantly associated with COX-2 expression (p< 0.035; 0.043, 0.035 and 0.004, respectively). Only dirty necrosis and Crohns-like lymphocytic aggregates predicted COX-2 expression (p< 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed a progressive increase in COX-2 expression from normal to adenomatous polyp and CRC tissues, this being associated with poorer prognostic indicators. Although COX-2 appears early in CRC, it may play a secondary role in promoting tumour growth and invasiveness.
Are we walking the talk of participatory Indigenous health research? A scoping review of the literature in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Murphy Kathleen , Branje Karina , White Tara , Cunsolo Ashlee , Latimer Margot , McMillan Jane , Sylliboy John R. , McKibbon Shelley , Martin Debbie 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Participatory research involving community engagement is considered the gold standard in Indigenous health research. However, it is sometimes unclear whether and how Indigenous communities are engaged in research that impacts them, and whether and how engagement is reported. Indigenous health research varies in its degree of community engagement from minimal involvement to being community-directed and led. Research led and directed by Indigenous communities can support reconciliation and reclamation in Canada and globally, however clearer reporting and understandings of community-led research is needed. This scoping review assesses (a) how and to what extent researchers are reporting community engagement in Indigenous health research in Atlantic Canada, and (b) what recommendations exist in the literature regarding participatory and community-led research.

Methods
Eleven databases were searched using keywords for Indigeneity, geographic regions, health, and Indigenous communities in Atlantic Canada between 2001-June 2020. Records were independently screened by two reviewers and were included if they were: peer-reviewed; written in English; health-related; and focused on Atlantic Canada. Data were extracted using a piloted data charting form, and a descriptive and thematic analysis was performed. 211 articles were retained for inclusion.

Results
Few empirical articles reported community engagement in all aspects of the research process. Most described incorporating community engagement at the project’s onset and/or during data collection; only a few articles explicitly identified as entirely community-directed or led. Results revealed a gap in reported capacity-building for both Indigenous communities and researchers, necessary for holistic community engagement. Also revealed was the need for funding bodies, ethics boards, and peer review processes to better facilitate participatory and community-led Indigenous health research.

Conclusion
As Indigenous communities continue reclaiming sovereignty over identities and territories, participatory research must involve substantive, agreed-upon involvement of Indigenous communities, with community-directed and led research as the ultimate goal.
Risk factors for poorer health literacy in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kaps Leonard , Hildebrand Katharina , Nagel Michael , Michel Maurice , Kremer Wolfgang Maximilian , Hilscher Max , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Labenz Christian 
Published: July 2021

Background
Health literacy is a concept that refers to patients’ ability to manage their disease and the health system’s ability to guarantee access to services. There is evidence that health literacy impacts the health outcomes of patients with chronic diseases, but detailed information on this topic in patients with liver cirrhosis is scarce. It was the aim of this study to identify risk factors for poorer health literacy in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods
89 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this study and health literacy was measured using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) was diagnosed clinically according to the West-Haven Criteria (HE grade 1) and the PHES (minimal HE). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Based on the nine subscales of the HLQ, risk factors for poor health literacy were identified using linear regression models.

Results
Normalized HLQ scores ranged between 65–76%, while appraisal of health information had lowest score (65%) and ability to actively engage with healthcare providers had highest score (76%). Multivariable regression analyses revealed an association of poorer health literacy and liver function as determined by MELD score and complications of liver cirrhosis such as a history of ascites or CHE. Additionally, we identified modifiable or preventable factors such as depressive symptoms, a history of falls, and active smoking as risk factors for poorer health literacy.

Conclusion
Multiple factors seem to impact on health literacy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Addressing modifiable and preventable factors may improve health literacy.
Beauvoir, a politizáló értelmiségi nő
Authors: Joó Mária 
Published: July 2021

A politizáló-közéleti értelmiség (public intellectual) kihalóban lévő típus, pedig sokak szerint szükség lenne rá (Bowdith 2006). Még inkább szükség lenne a női változatra, mint Simone de Beauvoir vagy Heller Ágnes voltak. A közéleti értelmiség szerepe koronként és országonként más és más. A cikk tematikus horizontja az európai, francia politikai szereplőké, pontosabban a Sartre-Beauvoir párosé, míg a cikkíró nézőpontja a mai magyar helyzet. Ezek a horizontok elméleti értelemben összeolvadnak, értelmezik egymást. A 20. század, visszatekintve, a közéleti-politizáló értelmiség és főleg a francia értelmiség aranykorának tűnik, melyből a páros szinte ’királyi pár’-ként emelkedett ki.
Pseudopyloric Metaplasia Is Not Associated With the Development of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Dilaghi Emanuele , Baldaro Francesca , Pilozzi Emanuela , Conti Laura , Palumbo Antonio , Esposito Gianluca , Annibale Bruno , Lahner Edith 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Corpus atrophic gastritis (CAG) is associated with intestinal metaplasia (IM) and pseudopyloric metaplasia (PPM). Prospective data on corpus mucosa PPM and its link to the development of gastric cancer (GC) are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of corpus mucosa PPM at baseline and the development of GC at follow-up in patients with CAG.

METHODS:
A longitudinal cohort study was conducted on patients with consecutive CAG adhering to endoscopic-histological surveillance. Patients were stratified for the presence/absence of corpus PPM without concomitant corpus IM at baseline, and the occurrence of gastric neoplastic lesions at the longest available follow-up was assessed.

RESULTS:
A total of 292 patients with CAG with a follow-up of 4.2 (3–17) years were included. At baseline, corpus PPM without corpus IM was diagnosed in 62 patients (21.2%). At the follow-up, GC was detected in 5 patients (1.7%) and gastric dysplasia (GD) in 4 patients (1.4%). In all these 9 patients with GC/GD at the follow-up, corpus IM was present at baseline and follow-up. Age <50 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.5), absence of pernicious anemia (OR 4.3), and absence of severe corpus atrophy (OR 2.3) were associated with corpus PPM without corpus IM.

DISCUSSION:
At the 4.2-year follow-up, in patients with CAG characterized at baseline with corpus PPM without corpus IM, GC or GD was not observed because these lesions were consistently associated with corpus IM. Corpus PPM without corpus IM was associated with younger age, absence of pernicious anemia, and severe corpus atrophy, suggesting a lower stage of disease progression. Corpus PPM alone seems not to be associated with GC, whose development seems to require the presence of corpus IM as a necessary step.
On unique determination of an unknown spatial load in damped Euler–Bernoulli beam equation from final time output
Authors: Dileep Anjuna , Hasanov Alemdar , Sakthivel Kumarasamy , Sebu Cristiana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the role of the damping term

μ
⁢

u
t

{\mu u_{t}}

in unique determination of unknown spatial load

F
⁢

(
x
)

{F(x)}

in a damped Euler–Bernoulli beam equation

u

t
⁢
t

+

μ
⁢

u
t

+

(

r
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x

)

x
⁢
x

=

F
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
G
⁢

(
t
)

{u_{tt}+\mu u_{t}+(r(x)u_{xx})_{xx}=F(x)G(t)}

from the measured final time displacement

u
T

⁢

(
x
)

:=

u
⁢

(
x
,
T
)

{u_{T}(x):=u(x,T)}

or velocity

ν
T

⁢

(
x
)

:=

u
t

⁢

(
x
,
T
)

{\nu_{T}(x):=u_{t}(x,T)}

. In
[A. Hasanov Hasanoğlu and V. G. Romanov,
Introduction to Inverse Problems for Differential Equations,
Springer, Cham, 2017]
it was shown that the unique determination of the spatial load

F
⁢

(
x
)

{F(x)}

in the undamped wave equation

u

t
⁢
t

-

(

k
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
x

)

x

=

F
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
G
⁢

(
t
)

{u_{tt}-(k(x)u_{x})_{x}=F(x)G(t)}

from final data (displacement or velocity) is not possible. This result is also valid for the undamped beam equation

u

t
⁢
t

+

(

r
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x

)

x
⁢
x

=

F
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
G
⁢

(
t
)

{u_{tt}+(r(x)u_{xx})_{xx}=F(x)G(t)}

. We show that in the presence of the damping term, the spatial load can be uniquely determined from the final time output under some acceptable conditions with respect to the final time

T
>
0

{T>0}

and the damping coefficient

μ
>
0

{\mu>0}

. The cases of pure spatial load

G
⁢

(
t
)

≡
1

{G(t)\equiv 1}

, and the exponentially decaying load

G
⁢

(
t
)

=

e

-

η
⁢
t

{G(t)=e^{-\eta t}}

are analyzed separately, leading also to sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the inverse problem solution. The results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate the key role of the damping term in the unique determination of the unknown spatial load

F
⁢

(
x
)

{F(x)}

in the damped Euler–Bernoulli beam equation.
Research frontiers of chemical detection and measurements
Authors: Gu Zhi-Yuan , Yang Shi-Shu , Xu Ming , Zhang Xiang-Da , Fan Chunhai , Li Jinghong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, the global research agenda focused on finding paths to the future development of chemistry. Chemical detection and measurement is an important and fundamental discipline of chemistry and it keeps playing a significant role in chemical research in the next 10–15 years. The goal of chemical detection is to overcome the state-of-art temporospatial resolution limit. Meanwhile, the application of modern chemical technology to serve human health is also highly concerned. We have summarized 10 aspects related to the field, including complex samples analysis, biomacromolecule structure and function, single-entity analysis, large-scale scientific instrument, rapid chemical and electron transfer processes, big data and artificial intelligence, bioimaging, in vivo real-time detection, biomolecule recognition and disease therapy, and public health screening. In this review, we outlined the history and the frontiers of chemical detection and measurements in enhancing the development of chemical sciences. Moreover, we also focused on the major challenges that should be solved in the future in which researchers should develop new techniques and analytical methods to drastically accelerate chemical sciences.
Influence of Minimalist Footwear on Running Performance and Injury
Authors: Andreyo Evan , Unverzagt Casey , Schoenfeld Brad J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Runners and clinicians have long sought to enhance distance running performance and reduce the occurrence of running-related injuries. Footwear selection often comes to the forefront in such pursuits, yet remains a common source of controversy in the literature and practice. In particular, the utilization of minimalist footwear has fluctuated in popularity over the last several decades, with some proponents suggesting that it can promote improvements in running economy and reduce injury rates. However, a closer look at the literature shows anything but straightforward and consistent recommendations. The purpose of this article is to outline the effects of minimalist footwear on running performance and injury, with a focus on its associated impact on running mechanics. The authors also aim to identify who may be the ideal client to transition to minimalist running and how to minimize the risk of injury during the transition.
Memoria y Hip Hop, Una metáfora de origen
Authors: Pérez Romero José Luis 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo desarrolla una reflexión sobre el Hip Hop colombiano, latinoamericano e iberoamericano, tomando como referente inicial de análisis la propuesta de Historia Cultural de Peter Burke, en el marco del proceso de formación del investigador en el Doctorado en Estudios Sociales de la Universidad Distrital en la Línea de Memoria, Experiencia y Creencia. Propone un recorrido por los acontecimientos iniciales en el surgimiento del Hip Hop y su posterior viaje de Estados Unidos a otras latitudes; desde allí, plantea unas metáforas de origen que parten de conceptos como el viaje, los viajeros, la violencia, el pandillismo, la industria musical, entre otros. Al final, plantea unas posibilidades de análisis que aportan a la discusión académica del Hip Hop, en cuanto a la importancia de la memoria en los estudios de sobre música.
Imaginarios sociales y conflictos en las expresiones de la música vallenata y champeta en el caribe colombiano
Authors: Cano Yepez Marlys 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo de reflexión, resultante de un proyecto de investigación adscrito a la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, permitió desde un horizonte sociológico, un análisis del enfoque discursivo que enmarca el nacimiento y desarrollo de la música champeta y vallenato en las poblaciones donde éstos son representativos (Las ciudades de Cartagena y Valledupar respectivamente). Permitió entender la relación existente entre las expresiones musicales de estos géneros, teniendo en cuenta tanto los imaginarios sociales asociados a cada uno, como la comprensión de los distintos factores sociales asociados a las representaciones de estos.
Effect of glyphosate application time on yield parameters of South African glyphosate-resistant maize cultivars
Authors: Craven Maryke , Mokoena Patrick T. , Morey Liesl , Saayman-Du Toit Aletta E.J. 
Published: July 2021

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in South Africa. Due to observations by some South African maize producers that the application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant (GR) maize cultivars resulted in reduced yield, we conducted an in-depth study under local conditions. Through field trials, over two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019), we investigated whether the application time of glyphosate would impact maize yields negatively. Various yield parameters were measured subsequent to glyphosate application to the local GR maize cultivars DKC74-74BR, DKC78-79BR, KKS4581, KKS8408, BG5785BR, PAN6R-710BR, P1814R and P2880WBR. Four glyphosate products were included (Roundup PowerMax®; Slash Plus 540 SL; TouchdownForte® and MambaTM DMA 480 SL), resulting in 32 cultivar x glyphosate product combinations. Each product was applied at V4, V4+V6, V6 and V8 growth stages together with an untreated control. Yield parameters measured (ears per plant, rows per ear, kernels per row, thousand kernel mass and yield) were expressed as a percentage of the control. The trials were planted as randomised complete block designs with three replicates. Limited response was observed with all the parameters investigated, with a significant negative yield response, greater than the untreated control, observed in only 3.1% of the cultivar x glyphosate product combinations evaluated. No clear trends or discernible and consistent impacts on yield and yield parameters could be established based on the application time of glyphosate (within label recommendations) across seasons. The findings contribute significantly to the knowledge base and current understanding of the international community and local producers alike regarding the effective use of glyphosate and generic variations thereof in crops of diverse genetic backgrounds.Significance:

Limited response in the yield parameters evaluated were obtained in response to the application time (V4, V4+V6, V6 and V8) of the four glyphosate products on eight GR maize cultivars tested (p=0.1).
Inconsistent patterns or trends were detected in cases where significance was obtained, implying that it would not be possible to draw accurate conclusions or formulate recommendations.
Application time of glyphosate did not result in a significant reduction in yield compared to the untreated control, in the majority of the cultivar x glyphosate product combinations investigated, confirming that glyphosate application conducted within label specifications would not reduce yield, irrespective of the glyphosate product or genetic background of maize.