bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies Contributing to Focal Epilepsy Signs and Symptoms Score
Authors: de Bruijn Marienke A. A. M. , Bastiaansen Anna E. M. , Mojzisova Hana , van Sonderen Agnes , Thijs Roland D. , Majoie Marian J. M. , Rouhl Rob P. W. , van Coevorden‐Hameete Marleen H. , de Vries Juna M. , Muñoz Lopetegi Amaia , Roozenbeek Bob , Schreurs Marco W. J. , Sillevis Smitt Peter A. E. , Titulaer Maarten J. ,   the ACES Study Group
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveDiagnosing autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is difficult in patients with less fulminant diseases such as epilepsy. However, recognition is important, as patients require immunotherapy. This study aims to identify antibodies in patients with focal epilepsy of unknown etiology, and to create a score to preselect patients requiring testing.MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter cohort study, adults with focal epilepsy of unknown etiology, without recognized AIE, were included, between December 2014 and December 2017, and followed for 1 year. Serum, and if available cerebrospinal fluid, were analyzed using different laboratory techniques. The ACES score was created using factors favoring an autoimmune etiology of seizures (AES), as determined by multivariate logistic regression. The model was externally validated and evaluated using the Concordance (C) statistic.ResultsWe included 582 patients, with median epilepsy duration of 8 years (interquartile range = 2–18). Twenty patients (3.4%) had AES, of whom 3 had anti–leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1, 3 had anti–contactin‐associated protein‐like 2, 1 had anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor, and 13 had anti–glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay concentrations >10,000IU/ml). Risk factors for AES were temporal magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities (odds ratio [OR] = 255.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.6–3332.2, p < 0.0001), autoimmune diseases (OR = 13.31, 95% CI = 3.1–56.6, p = 0.0005), behavioral changes (OR 12.3, 95% CI = 3.2–49.9, p = 0.0003), autonomic symptoms (OR = 13.3, 95% CI = 3.1–56.6, p = 0.0005), cognitive symptoms (OR = 30.6, 95% CI = 2.4–382.7, p = 0.009), and speech problems (OR = 9.6, 95% CI = 2.0–46.7, p = 0.005). The internally validated C statistic was 0.95, and 0.92 in the validation cohort (n = 128). Assigning each factor 1 point, an antibodies contributing to focal epilepsy signs and symptoms (ACES) score ≥ 2 had a sensitivity of 100% to detect AES, and a specificity of 84.9%.InterpretationSpecific signs point toward AES in focal epilepsy of unknown etiology. The ACES score (cutoff ≥ 2) is useful to select patients requiring antibody testing. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:698–710
An Unprecedented Pillar‐Cage Fluorinated Hybrid Porous Framework with Highly Efficient Acetylene Storage and Separation
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Caiping , Chen Cheng , Di Zhengyi , Yuan Daqiang , Pang Jiandong , Wei Wei , Wu Mingyan , Hong Maochun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite much intense investigation on the C2H2/CO2separation, the trade‐off between the adsorption capacity and separation selectivity is still tricky. To overcome the dilemma, we have rationally synthesized an ultra‐stable fluorinated hybrid porous material SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA with theith‐dtopology. Completely differing from the famous pillar‐layer fluorinated materials, SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA possesses a unique pillar‐cage structure, in which the SiF62−anions cross‐link two adjacent metal nodes as pillars to stabilize the three‐dimensional framework constructed by icosahedral and tetrahedral cages. As anticipated, SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA has high BET surface area (1330 m2 g−1) as well as high C2H2uptake (185 cm3 g−1at 298 K and 1 bar). At the same time, due to the obvious difference in the adsorption performance of CO2and C2H2especially in the low pressure area, SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA also exhibits an excellent C2H2/CO2separation performance (breakthrough time up to 68 min g−1at 298 K and 1 bar).
Boron‐Catalyzed Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides: On the Way to Pure C5 Polymerization
Authors: Wang Xin , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe first C5 polymerization is reported, where the main‐chain is growing by five carbon atoms of the monomer at a time. Three dienyltriphenylarsonium ylide monomers were synthesized and polymerized with triethylborane as an initiator, leading to random terpolymers (C1, C3, C5) with mainly C5 repeating units (up to 84.1 %). It has been found that the methyl group (electron‐donating substituent) on the conjugated double bond of the ylides facilitates the formation of C5 segments. A mechanism was proposed based on NMR characterization and DFT calculations. The high C5 content ensures that things are on the right track for pure C5 homopolymerization.
Development of a Highly Selective Plasmodium falciparum Proteasome Inhibitor with Anti‐malaria Activity in Humanized Mice
Authors: Zhan Wenhu , Zhang Hao , Ginn John , Leung Annie , Liu Yi J. , Michino Mayako , Toita Akinori , Okamoto Rei , Wong Tzu‐Tshin , Imaeda Toshihiro , Hara Ryoma , Yukawa Takafumi , Chelebieva Sevil , Tumwebaze Patrick K. , Lafuente‐Monasterio Maria Jose , Martinez‐Martinez Maria Santos , Vendome Jeremie , Beuming Thijs , Sato Kenjiro , Aso Kazuyoshi , Rosenthal Philip J. , Cooper Roland A. , Meinke Peter T. , Nathan Carl F. , Kirkman Laura A. , Lin Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum proteasome (Pf20S) inhibitors are active against Plasmodium at multiple stages—erythrocytic, gametocyte, liver, and gamete activation stages—indicating that selective Pf20S inhibitors possess the potential to be therapeutic, prophylactic, and transmission‐blocking antimalarials. Starting from a reported compound, we developed a noncovalent, macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of the malarial proteasome with high species selectivity and improved pharmacokinetic properties. The compound demonstrates specific, time‐dependent inhibition of the β5 subunit of the Pf20S, kills artemisinin‐sensitive and artemisinin‐resistant P. falciparum isolates in vitro and reduces parasitemia in humanized, P. falciparum‐infected mice.
Synthesis and Characterization of Water Stable Uranyl(V) Complexes
Authors: Faizova Radmila , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Chauvin Anne‐Sophie , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe importance of uranyl(V) (UO2+) species associated with environmental and geologic applications is becoming increasingly evident, but the tendency of the uranyl(V) cation to disproportionate in water has prevented the isolation of stable complexes. Here we demonstrate that in the presence of the tridentate complexing dipicolinate (dpa2−), a ligand highly abundant in soil, the uranyl(V) species can be stabilized and isolated in anoxic basic water. Stable uranyl(V) dipicolinate complexes are readily formed from the reduction of the uranyl(VI) analogue both in organic solution and in basic water, and their solution and solid‐state structure were determined. A bis‐dpa UVO2+ complex was obtained from water at pH 10, while at higher pH values, a trinuclear mono‐dpa cation‐cation complex was isolated. These results present the second ever isolated water stable uranyl(V) complex. Moreover, we demonstrate that dipicolinate complexes of UVIO22+, UVO2+ and UIV are strongly luminescent with a signature characteristic of each oxidation state. This provides unique examples of luminescent UV and UIV compounds.
Electrochemically Triggered Chain Reactions for the Conversion of Furan Derivatives
Authors: Chen Rong , Yang Cangjie , Zhou Zefeng , Haeffner Fredrik , Dersjant Alinda , Dulock Nicholas , Dong Qi , He Da , Jin Jing , Zhao Yanyan , Niu Jia , Wang Dunwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report an electrochemical method for coupling biomass‐derived C5/C6 compounds to value‐added fuel precursors. Using only 2 % of equivalent charges, 2‐methylfuran (2‐MF) was oxidized to yield a cation radical, which readily reacted with 3‐hexene‐2,5‐dione, a derivate of 2,5‐dimethylfuran, to produce 3‐(5‐methylfuran‐2‐yl)hexane‐2,5‐dione. The product was converted to 4‐ethylnonane (a component of biodiesel/jet fuel) in a single step in excellent yield. Importantly, the reaction was not sensitive to oxygen, and a trace amount of water was found to promote the reaction. Detailed mechanistic studies confirmed the proposed reaction pathways. Key to the mechanism is the radical generation that is enabled by electrochemistry. The radical is regenerated at the end of a reaction cycle to ensure chain propagation for an average of ca. 47 times, resulting in an apparent Faradaic efficiency of 4700 %.
Total Synthesis of Mycinolide IV and Path‐Scouting for Aldgamycin N
Authors: Herlé Bart , Späth Georg , Schreyer Lucas , Fürstner Alois 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProof‐of‐concept is provided that a large estate of 16‐membered macrolide antibiotics can be reached by a “unified” approach. The key building block was formed on scale by an asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction; its alkene terminus was then converted either into the corresponding methyl ketone by Wacker oxidation or into a chain‐extended aldehyde by catalyst‐controlled branch‐selective asymmetric hydroformylation. These transformations ultimately opened access to two structurally distinct series of macrolide targets. Notable late‐stage maneuvers comprise a rare example of a ruthenium‐catalyzed redox isomerization of an 1,3‐enyne‐5‐ol into a 1,3‐diene‐5‐one derivative, as well as the elaboration of a tertiary propargylic alcohol into an acyloin by trans‐hydrostannation/Chan‐Lam‐type coupling. Moreover, this case study illustrates the underutilized possibility of forging complex macrolactone rings by transesterification under essentially neutral conditions.
Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Lee Kenny , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRAFT facilitated digital light projection 3D printing of polymeric materials provides a convenient and facile route for inducing post‐fabrication transformations via reactivation of dormant chain transfer agents. In this work, we report the use of a Norrish type I photoinitiator in conjunction with a RAFT agent to produce a variety of open‐air 3D printable resins that rapidly cure under visible light irradiation. The photoinitiator‐RAFT system polymerizes extremely quickly and provides high 3D printing build rates of up to 9.1 cm h−1, representing a 7‐fold increase compared to previous RAFT mediated 3D printing systems. 3D printed materials containing thiocarbonylthio groups can be also produced using low concentrations of divinyl comonomers in the initial resins, which has not been successfully achieved using other photocontrolled RAFT polymerization techniques. Interestingly, the inclusion of RAFT agents significantly improves 3D printing resolution compared to formulations without RAFT agent, allowing the fabrication of intricate and complex objects. Spatiotemporally controlled surface modifications of the 3D printed objects from the dormant RAFT agent groups on the material surfaces were also performed under one and two‐pass configurations, inducing multiple successive post‐printing transformations on the same object.
Hysteretic Control of Near‐infrared Transparency Using a Liquescent Radical Cation
Authors: Suzuki Shuichi , Yamaguchi Daiki , Uchida Yoshiaki , Naota Takeshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA liquescent dihydrophenazine radical cation, 1.+⋅NTf2−, showed drastic changes in near‐infrared (near‐IR) transparency and opaqueness through hysteretic phase transitions with no measurable degradation of the compound even under aerated conditions. During the heating and slow cooling process (0.5 K min−1), its electronic and magnetic properties were altered clearly and repeatedly changed between solid and liquid states. The liquid state was transparent to near‐IR light (940 nm), but the solid state was opaque, despite both samples exhibiting a similar green color under room light. Additionally, the liquid state was changed to a glass state under a fast cooling process (2–10 K min−1). UV/Vis/near‐IR and electron spin‐resonance spectroscopy revealed that these drastic changes were attributable to the dynamic dissociation and association of a π‐dimer structure for 1.+ accompanying with the solid–liquid phase transitions even under the neat conditions.
Severe anti‐thymocyte globulin‐induced cytokine release syndrome in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Huh J. , Baines L. , Talbot D. , MacFie C. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryCytokine release syndrome is a systemic inflammatory response that can be triggered by a variety of factors such as infection or exposure to certain drugs, particularly novel T cell‐engaging immunotherapies. Severe cytokine release syndrome as a complication following treatment with anti‐thymocyte globulin, although recognised, is not well‐reported in the literature. We report the case of a 64‐year‐old man who developed catastrophic cytokine release syndrome after receiving anti‐thymocyte globulin during kidney transplantation. We highlight the importance of prompt recognition of severe cytokine release syndrome with strategies to aid survival in life‐threatening cases.
Influence of organoclay dispersion on air retention and fatigue resistance of tyre inner liner compound
Authors: Sushmitha H. , Chanda Jagannath , Saha Amitabha , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a pneumatic tire, the contained air carries the load of the vehicle and also augments performance for other functional requirements, such as, rolling resistance, ride and handling, durability, and so on. The inner liner of the tire is responsible to ensure air retention by virtue of its high air impermeability. The present study focused on developing inner‐liner compounds of improved air impermeability by utilizing platelet filler (layered silicate). The obtained organoclay was subjected to a pre‐treatment process called exfoliation to increase the d spacing between the clay layers that further improved the morphological aspect of the compound. The inner‐liner compound has been modified by partial replacement of carbon black with organically modified bentonite clay in 1:1 and 2.5:1 ratio. Air impermeability of rubber compounds was tested in a gas permeability tester. Field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and x‐ray diffraction were utilized to understand the distribution and dispersion of clay in the rubber compounds. Fatigue crack growth analysis was carried out to measure the fatigue life of the materials. The modified compounds exhibited air impermeability improvement from 7% to 30% vs the reference carbon‐black filled compound with improved mechanical properties and filler dispersion.
Insights into the synergistic mechanism of reactive aliphatic soft chains and nano‐silica on toughening epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties and low viscosity
Authors: Chen Hongfeng , Lian Qingsong , Xu Weijie , Hou Xuqi , Li Yan , Wang Zhi , An Dong , Liu Yaqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractToughening epoxy resin (EP) without sacrificing strength, modulus, and processing performance is always a harsh task. Here, a series of epoxy systems containing soft butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) and rigid nano‐silica (nano‐SiO2) were prepared. Micro‐phase separation structures derived from the self‐assembly effect of BGE can be observed in atomic force microscopy images by controlling the total amount of BGE and nano‐SiO2 at 2 wt% for the EPC:Si‐m:n (m + n = 4) systems. Due to the synergistic effect of self‐assembly effect of BGE and the rigid effect of well dispersed nano‐SiO2, EPC:Si‐2:2 system exhibited improvement of tensile strength of 59.3% (92.63 MPa), tensile modulus of 24.8% (3.52 GPa), elongation at break of 78.6% (4.84%), and glass transition temperature of 2.4% (138.4°C) compared with Pure EP system. Besides, due to the low loading of nano‐SiO2 (≤2 wt%) and the dilution effect of BGE, the viscosity of all the toughening systems is lower than 600 mPa·s, which can provide this toughening system with superior processing performance for large production of composites by automotive manufacturing methods such as vacuum assistant resin infusion technology.
Growing old: Do women and men age differently?
Authors: Smith Olivia A. M. , Duncan Christian , Pears Nick , Profico Antonio , O'Higgins Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAging of the head and especially the face has been studied intensively, yet questions remain about the timing and rates of aging throughout adulthood and about the extent to which aging differs between men and women. Here we address these issues by developing statistical models of craniofacial aging to describe and compare aging through the life course in both sexes. We selected cranial surface meshes from 254 females and 252 males, aged from 20 to 90 years from the Headspace project, Liverpool, UK. Sixteen anatomical landmarks and 59 semilandmarks on curves and surfaces were used to parameterize these. Modes and degrees of aging throughout adulthood were assessed and compared among sexes using Procrustes‐based geometric morphometric methods. Regression analyses of form through the whole age range indicate that age accounts for a small proportion of total variance in both sexes, but form is significantly related to age and males and females age in significantly different ways. Further analyses indicate that aging differs in character, timing, and rates in both sexes between early and later phases of adulthood. Sexual differences in aging are evident in the early and later phases of adulthood. The study adds to knowledge of the aging of adult craniofacial form and sexual dimorphism. It is based on a local population and so the findings are directly applicable to that population. Further studies are needed to assess generalizability and provide better data on population differences to facilitate clinical assessment and treatment planning.
Structure–function analysis of PGRP‐S1 from the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata
Authors: Liu Fang‐Fang , Li Hao , Yang Pei‐Jin , Rao Xiang‐Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are well known for their abilities to recognize or hydrolyze peptidoglycan (PGN), one of the major bacterial cell wall components. However, much less is known about their antifungal activities. PGRP‐S1 was previously identified from a crop pest, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PGRP‐S1 showed bacteriolytic activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In this study, tissue expression analysis showed that PGRP‐S1 was mainly expressed in the midgut of naïve larvae. The induction analysis showed that it was significantly induced in the larval midgut 12 h post the injection of Beauveria bassiana conidia. To identify the key residues that are related to its microbicidal activities, the structure of PGPR‐S1 was predicted for structural comparison and molecular docking analysis. Six residues (H61, H62, Y97, H171, T175, and C179) were mutated to Ala individually by site‐directed mutagenesis. The recombinant wild‐type (WT) and mutant proteins were expressed and purified. The recombinant proteins bound to different polysaccharides, PGNs, and bacteria. H61A, Y97A, H171A, and C179A lost amidase activity. Accordingly, antibacterial assay and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only H62A and T175A retained bacteriolytic activities. The germination of B. bassiana conidia was significantly inhibited by WT, H61A, Y97A, T175A, and C179A mutants. Electron microscopy showed that some conidia became ruptured after treatment. The growth of hyphae was inhibited by the WT, H61A, H62A, and T175A. In summary, our data showed that different residues of PGRP‐S1 are involved in the antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Co(III), Rh(III) & Ir(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Alkylation/Alkenylation/Arylation with Carbene Precursors
Authors: Nunewar Saiprasad , Kumar Sanjeev , Talakola Srilakshmi , Nanduri Srinivas , Kanchupalli Vinaykumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal carbenes play a pivotal role in transition‐metal‐catalyzed synthetic transfer reactions. The metal carbene is generated either from a diazo compound through facile extrusion of N2 with a metal catalyst or in situ generated from other sources like triazoles, pyriodotriazoles, sulfoxonium ylides and iodonium‐ylide. On the other hand, Co(III), Rh(III) & Ir(III)‐catalyzed C−H functionalizations have been well established as a key synthetic step to enable the construction of various synthetic transformations. Interestingly, in recent years, merging of these two concepts C−H activation and carbene migratory insertion gained much attention, in particular group 9 metal‐catalyzed arene C−H functionalizations with carbene precursors via carbene migratory insertion. In this review, we summarize recent advances in Co(III), Rh(III) & Ir(III)‐catalyzed direct C−H alkylation/alkenylation/arylation with carbene precursors and also discuss key synthetic intermediates within the catalytic cycles.
Light‐Driven Alcohol Splitting by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Recent Advances, Mechanism and Prospects
Authors: Chai Zhigang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSplitting of alcohols into hydrogen and corresponding carbonyl compounds, also called acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation, is of great significance for both synthetic chemistry and hydrogen production. Light‐Driven Alcohol Splitting (LDAS) by heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising route to achieve such transformations, and it possesses advantages including high selectivity of the carbonyl compounds, extremely mild reaction conditions (room temperature and irradiation of visible light) and easy separation of the photocatalysts from the reaction mixtures. Because a variety of alcohols can be derived from biomass, LDAS can also be regarded as one of the most sustainable approaches for hydrogen production. In this Review, recent advances in the LDAS catalyzed by the heterogeneous photocatalysts are summarized, focusing on the mechanistic insights for the LDAS and aspects that influence the performance of the photocatalysts from viewpoints of metallic co‐catalysts, semiconductors, and metal/semiconductor interfaces. In addition, challenges and prospects have been discussed in order to present a complete picture of this field.
Revealing Minor pH Changes of Mitochondria by a Highly Sensitive Molecular Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Yuan Jie , Peng Rong , Cheng Dan , Zou Liang‐Hua , Yuan Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMitochondrial pH is an important factor associated with cellular metabolism and pathological states. Thus, sensitively monitoring its minor change was essential. However, it was challengeable due to the lack of suitable probes. Here, a mitochondria‐targeted probe (NIR‐OH‐1) was synthesized. Based on the protonation/deprotonation of the hydroxy group and the assistance of carboxyl group on NIR‐OH‐1 molecular structure, a dramatic NIR activated signal was generated for sensing pH. Probe NIR‐OH‐1 displayed a good photo‐stability and reversibility and could detect pH change without interference by other biologically active species. Importantly, NIR‐OH‐1 had an appropriate pKa value (7.77) and tiny acid‐base transition range, which was allowed to map the small pH changes of cellular mitochondrial. Moreover, NIR‐OH‐1 was also successfully applied in real‐time monitoring mitochondrial pH‐related pathological events in living cells under different stimulation, demonstrating the prospect of its clinical application in accurate mitochondrial pH detection under related physiological and pathological conditions.