bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТИ ПРИ ПНЕВМОНИЯХ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ
Authors: Shklyaev Aleksey E. , Lyalina Anastasia S , Khamadullin Ayrat A. , Shabelnik Andrey V. , Ilyin Stanislav V. 
Published: October 2021

Обоснование. Истинные причины летальности и факторы риска при пневмонии, вызванной COVID-19, требуют детального анализа.
Цель: уточнить факторы риска летального исхода при пневмонии, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2.
Материалы и методы. Обследовано 196 пациентов с пневмонией коронавирусной этиологии. Группу наблюдения составили 68 больных с летальным исходом, группу сравнения – 128 пациентов, выписанных с улучшением. Оценка значимости факторов риска летального исхода проводилась с помощью определения величины относительного риска и этиологической фракции. Результаты исследования подверглись статистической обработке с вычислением средних величин, ошибок средних величин, критерия достоверности показателей Стьюдента (t).
Результаты. Вероятность летального исхода у пациентов с пневмонией, вызванной COVID-19, повышается при увеличении возраста пациентов, у проживающих в городе, при длительном сохранении лихорадочного синдрома, необходимости повторной госпитализации и перевода в реанимационное отделение, большом объеме поражения. Увеличивают риск летального исхода дыхательная недостаточность III степени, почечная недостаточность, плеврит, токсическое поражение печени, гематомы различной локализации. Усугубляют течение инфекции COVID-19 хроническая сердечная недостаточность, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких. Лабораторными предикторами неблагоприятного исхода являются цитопении (лимфопения, тромбоцитопения, анемия), значительное повышение СОЭ, СРБ, Д-димера.
Заключение. Своевременное выявление и учет факторов риска летального исхода позволят корригировать объем лечебных мероприятий с целью улучшения прогноза для жизни пациентов с COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонией.
Sub pixel resolution using spectral-spatial encoding in x-ray imaging
Authors: Szczykutowicz Timothy P. , Rose Sean D. , Kitt Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Previous efforts at increasing spatial resolution have relied on decreasing focal spot and or detector element size. Many “super resolution” methods require physical movement of a component of the imaging system. This work describes a method for achieving spatial resolution on a scale smaller than the detector pixel without motion of the object or detector.

Methods
We introduce a weighting of the photon energy spectrum on a length scale smaller than a single pixel using a physical filter that can be placed between the focal spot and the object, between the object and the detector, or integrated into the x-ray source or detector. We refer to the method as sub pixel encoding (SPE). We show that if one acquires multiple measurements (i.e. x-ray projections), information can be synthesized at a spatial scale defined by the spectrum modulation, not the detector element size. Specifically, if one divides a detector pixel into n sub regions, and m photon-matter interactions are present, the number of x-ray measurements needed to solve for the detector response of each sub region is mxn. We discuss realizations of SPE using multiple x-ray spectra with an energy integrating detector, a single spectra with a photon counting detector, and the single photon-matter interaction case. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using a simulated energy integrating detector with a detector pitch of 2 mm for 80-140 kV medical and 200-600 kV industrial applications. Phantoms used for both example SPE realization had some features only a 1 mm detector could resolve. We calculate the covariance matrix of SPE output to characterize the and noise propagation and correlation of our test examples.

Results
The mathematical foundation of SPE is provided, with details worked out for several detector types and energy ranges. Two numerical simulations were provided to demonstrate feasibility. In both the medical and industrial simulations, some phantom features were only observable with the 1 mm and SPE synthesized 2 mm detector, while the 2 mm detector was not able to visualize them. Covariance matrix analysis demonstrated negative diagonal terms for both example cases.

Conclusions
The concept of encoding object information at a length scale smaller than a single pixel element, and then retrieving that information was introduced. SPE simultaneously allows for an increase in spatial resolution and provides “dual energy” like information about the underlying photon-matter interactions.
Impact of staffing model conversion from a mandatory critical care consultation model to a closed unit model in the medical intensive care unit
Authors: Ko Sung Jun , Cho Jaeyoung , Choi Sun Mi , Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Sang-Min 
Published: October 2021

Background
The intensive care unit (ICU) staffing model affects clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. However, the benefits of a closed unit model have not been extensively compared to those of a mandatory critical care consultation model.

Methods
This retrospective before-after study included patients admitted to the medical ICU. Anthropometric data, admission reason, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade, survival status, length of stay (LOS) in the ICU, duration of mechanical ventilator care, and occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were recorded. The staffing model of the medical ICU was changed from a mandatory critical care consultation model to a closed unit model in September 2017, and indices before and after the conversion were compared.

Results
A total of 1,526 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64.5 years, and 954 (62.5%) patients were men. The mean LOS in the ICU among survivors was shorter in the closed unit model than in the mandatory critical care consultation model by multiple regression analysis (5.5 vs. 6.7 days; p = 0.005). Central venous catheter insertion (38.5% vs. 51.9%; p < 0.001) and VAP (3.5% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.001) were less frequent in the closed unit model group than in the mandatory critical care consultation model group. After adjusting for confounders, the closed unit model group had decreased ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.65; p < 0.001) and shortened LOS in the ICU compared to the mandatory critical care consultation model group.

Conclusion
The closed unit model was superior to the mandatory critical care consultation model in terms of ICU mortality and LOS among ICU survivors.
Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products – A review
Authors: Davies-Bolorunduro Olabisi Flora , Ajayi Abraham , Adeleye Isaac Adeyemi , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Aminah Nanik Siti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There has been an increase in the reported cases of tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is still currently affecting most of the world’s population, especially in resource-limited countries. The search for novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics from underexplored natural sources is therefore of paramount importance. The renewed interest in studies related to natural products, driven partly by the growing incidence of MDR-TB, has increased the prospects of discovering new antitubercular drug leads. This is because most of the currently available chemotherapeutics such as rifampicin and capreomycin used in the treatment of TB were derived from natural products, which are proven to be an abundant source of novel drugs used to treat many diseases. To meet the global need for novel antibiotics from natural sources, various strategies for high-throughput screening have been designed and implemented. This review highlights the current antitubercular drug discovery strategies from natural sources.
Research fronts of Chemical Biology
Authors: Lv Shanshan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have witnessed substantially increasing and ever-growing interests and efforts in Chemical Biology studies, thanks to the development of genome and epi-genome sequencing (revealing potential drug targets), synthetic chemistry (producing new medicines), bioorthogonal chemistry (chemistry in living systems) and high-throughput screening technologies (in vitro cell systems, protein binding assays and phenotypic assays). This report presents literature search results for current research in Chemical Biology, to explore basic principles, summarize recent advances, identify key challenges, and provide suggestions for future research (with a focus on Chemical Biology in the context of human health and diseases). Chemical Biology research can positively contribute to delivering a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that accompany pathology underlying diseases, as well as developing improved methods for diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapeutic delivery. While much progress has been made, as shown in this report, there are still further needs and opportunities. For instance, pressing challenges still exist in selecting appropriate targets in biological systems and adopting more rational design strategies for the development of innovative and sustainable diagnostic technologies and medical treatments. Therefore, more than ever, researchers from different disciplines need to collaborate to address the challenges in Chemical Biology.
Cross-Sector Approach Expands Screening and Addresses Health-Related Social Needs in Primary Care
Authors: Arbour Mary Catherine , Floyd Baraka , Morton Samantha , Hampton Patsy , Sims Jennifer Murphy , Doyle Stephanie , Atwood Sidney , Sege Robert 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES
During infancy, the American Academy of Pediatrics Bright Futures fourth edition health supervision guidelines recommend frequent well-child visits (WCVs) in which providers are expected to screen for and address maternal depression, intimate partner violence (IPV), and health-related social needs (HRSN). We spread an evidence-based approach that implements these recommendations (Developmental Understanding and Legal Collaboration for Everyone; DULCE) with 3 aims for 6-month-old infants and their families: 75% receive all WCVs on time, 95% are screened for 7 HRSNs, and 90% of families with concrete supports needs and 75% of families with maternal depression or IPV receive support.

METHODS
Between January 2017 and July 2018, five DULCE teams (including a community health worker, early childhood system representative, legal partner, clinic administrator, pediatric and behavioral health clinicians) from 3 communities in 2 states participated in a learning collaborative. Teams adapted DULCE using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, reported data, and shared learning monthly. Run charts were used to study measures. The main outcome was the percent of infants that received all WCVs on time.

RESULTS
The percentage of families who completed all WCVs on time increased from 46% to 65%. More than 95% of families were screened for HRSNs, 70% had ≥1 positive screen, and 86% and 71% of those received resource information for concrete supports and maternal depression and IPV, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Quality improvement–supported DULCE expansion increased by 50% the proportion of infants receiving all WCVs on time and reliably identified and addressed families’ HRSNs, via integration of existing resources.
Hábitos alimentarios de tres especies de peces lenguados (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae) en la Bahía de Buenaventura, Pacífico Colombiano
Authors: Tafurt Villarraga Daniella , Molina Andrés , Duque Guillermo 
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La dinámica de las condiciones ambientales influencia la variación del alimento disponible para los organismos estuarinos, afectando el consumo de alimento de los organismos bentónicos como los lenguados, esenciales para establecer y monitorear la calidad ambiental en estos ecosistemas. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos tróficos de tres especies de la familia Achiridae en la Bahía de Buenaventura, Pacífico colombiano. Métodos: Los peces se recolectaron por medio de pesca de arrastre artesanal. Así mismo, en laboratorio se determinó la dieta de cada una de las especies y se calcularon diferentes índices tróficos, registrando diferencias en los hábitos alimentarios entre estas especies. Resultados: Se recolectó un total de 159 peces del género Achirus, siendo la especie más abundante Achirus klunzingeri (98), luego Achirus mazatlanus (44) y finalmente Achirus scutum (17). La dieta de A. scutum se basó en detritos, la de A. mazatlanus en detritos y peces y la de A. klunzingeri en crustáceos y peces. Los individuos de A. klunzingeri presentaron diferencias en su dieta entre la zona interna y externa del estuario, en la zona interna los peces fueron la presa principal y en la zona externa fueron los crustáceos. Las especies A. klunzingeri y A. mazatlanus presentaron ingesta de microplásticos, principalmente fibras alargadas e incoloras presentes en individuos de todas las tallas. La dinámica de los hábitos tróficos de A. klunzingeri, se relacionaron con algunas variables ambientales, como temperatura, trasparencia y oxígeno disuelto. Por ejemplo, estas tres variables presentaron correlaciones negativas con el ítem peces, y positivas para la categoría crustáceos. Conclusión: Se evidenció que estas especies son generalistas y que las condiciones ambientales no solo influenciaron la dinámica del consumo alimentario, sino que también, determinaron la presencia de los microplásticos.
Interacciones potenciales parásito-hospedero entre el escarabajo Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) y Pinus (Pinaceae) en México
Authors: García-Navarrete Patricia G. , Soria-Ortiz Gerardo J. , González-Salazar Constantino 
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La relación parásito-hospedero entre Dendroctonus y Pinus es reconocida como una amenaza importante para los bosques de coníferas, debido a que puede causar una alta mortalidad de árboles y consecuentemente una pérdida de cobertura forestal. Objetivo: Identificar potenciales interacciones parásito-huésped entre descortezadores y pinos, así como la contribución de las condiciones ambientales para el establecimiento de estas interacciones ecológicas. Métodos: Se realizaron modelos de nicho ecológico y análisis de redes ecológicas con la plataforma web de minería de datos espaciales SPECIES (http://species.conabio.gob.mx/). Se incluyeron siete especies de descortezadores, 52 de pinos y 19 variables bioclimáticas del portal WorldClim. Resultados: Se identificaron 140 interacciones potenciales, de las cuales el 42 % no han sido registradas previamente. El análisis de redes ecológicas nos permitió caracterizar las relaciones parásito-hospedero en generalistas y especialistas. En cuanto al análisis de nicho ecológico, se determinó la distribución potencial de los descortezadores combinando las distribuciones de Pinus y variables climáticas como predictores. Se observó que las variables climáticas contribuyen de forma negativa para la mayoría de las especies de Dendroctonus, es decir, estas variables son restrictivas en casi toda su distribución, por el contrario, las variables bióticas (Pinus) fueron positivas e informativas sobre la mayoría de las distribuciones. Conclusiones: Los patrones de coexistencia de descortezadores y pinos nos proporcionan información sobre las interacciones que se pueden establecer entre estas especies y que hasta hoy pueden ser desconocidas. Además, la integración de factores bióticos (hospederos) y abióticos (clima), permite obtener modelos de distribución geográfica que caracteriza las regiones con condiciones favorables para la presencia de las especies, así como las especies de hospederos con los que podrían estar interactuando en dichas regiones. Considerando el riesgo fitosanitario por descortezadores, nuestros resultados brindan escenarios geográficos y ecológicos de riesgo donde infestaciones por descortezadores podrían darse, así como la posible emergencia de nuevas interacciones parásito-hospedero desconocidas hasta hoy. Estos modelos son una herramienta que en el futuro pueden dirigir esfuerzos de trabajo de campo para validar y complementar nuestros resultados.
Incisivo lateral permanente doble
Authors: Espinal B Gabriel E , Sánchez G Sara , Tamayo C. Sara , Parada-Sanchez Monica Tatiana 
Published: October 2021

Propósito: En este artículo se reporta un caso de un paciente de sexo femenino de 9 años de edad, que presenta un supernumerario fusionado al lateral superior izquierdo.
Temas: El término de diente doble se ha usado para referirse a dientes unidos por fusión o geminación. La fusión se define como una unión parcial o completa de dos o más dientes durante el desarrollo. La fusión se puede dar entre 2 dientes normales o entre un diente normal y un supernumerario. Esta anomalía puede presentarse en dentición decidua o permanente, y además de afectar la función masticatoria y la imagen del paciente, causa una alteración en el espacio de los arcos dentarios y puede comprometer el periodonto.
Desarrollo: Al examen clínico se observó un diente doble que ocasionaba apiñamiento y falta de espacio para la erupción del canino. Al examen radiográfico se observó dos dientes fusionados por la corona y el tercio medio de la raíz, en estado nueve de Nolla. Su tratamiento fué primero esperar cierre completo de las raíces y luego la hemisección y exodoncia del supernumerario, colocación de aparatología ortodóntica removible, así como el seguimiento radiográfico y clínico durante cuarenta meses observándose un diente periodontalmente sano con obliteración parcial del conducto radicular sin cambio de color.
Conclusiones: La hemisección se puede considerar como una alternativa de tratamiento apropiada para un diente permanente fusionado con un diente supernumerario.
Results of early administration of low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after removal of brain tumors
Authors: Bervitskiy A. V. , Guzhin V. E. , Moisak G. I. , Imamurzaev E. Z. , Amelina E. V. , Kalinovsky A. V. , Rzayev D. A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Patients with brain tumors are at increased risk for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most effective prevention method today is a combination of mechanical compression of the lower extremities and the introduction of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In 2018, an algorithm for the prevention of VTE was introduced in our clinic, which implies the early (in the first 48 h after surgery) administration of LMWH.The study objective is to assess the effect of early LMWH administration on the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after removal of brain tumors.Materials and methods. From January 2014 to December 2019, 3266 patients underwent removal of brain tumors. The group 1 included 2057 patients who were treated in the period before the introduction of the VTE prevention algorithm (2014– 2017), the group 2 included 1209 patients who were treated using this algorithm (2018–2019). In each of the groups, the frequency and timing of ICH were assessed. The severity of complications was assessed according to the F.A.L. Ibanez classification. The data were compared between groups 1 and 2, as well as between patients who received LMWH at the time of ICH and those who did not receive.Results. Patients of the group 1 were prescribed LMWH in 14.3 % of cases, on average on the 4th day after surgery. In this group, 26 (1.26 %) patients developed ICH. Patients of the group 2 were prescribed LMWH in 89 % of cases, on average on the 2nd day. In this group, 15 (1.24 %) patients developed ICH. Severe complications were in 6 (85.7 %) of 7 patients who received LMWH at the time of ICH, and in 25 (73.5 %) of 34 patients who did not receive LMWH (p = 0.66).Conclusion. The widespread use of LMWH for the prevention of VTE during the first 48 h after removal of brain tumors did not lead to an increase in the frequency of ICH. At the same time, patients with ICH who developed during the use of LMWH often had a more severe clinical course.
The experience of using anti-adhesion gel in the surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Nikitin A. S. , Aleynikova I. B. 
Published: October 2021

The study objectiveis to evaluate the effectiveness of anti‑adhesion gel by using in carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.Materialsandmethods.A prospective study was carried out among 55 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. All patients were underwent open decompression of the carpal tunnel. Patients of study group (n= 25) got an carboxymethylcellu‑ lose anti‑adhesion gel, which was applied to the nerve before suturing the wound. Patients from control group (n= 30) were underwent surgery without using an anti‑adhesive gel. Before surgery, all patients underwent a clinical neurological examination with an assessment of symptoms according to the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, which includes 2 scales: the scale and the functional status scale. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was reevaluated 2.5 years after surgery.Results.In study group the mean symptom severity decreased by 59.5 %, functional status improved by 55.1 %, in control group these indicators were 48.3 and 47.6 %. Clinical relapse of the disease was noted in 8 % of patients of study group and in 20 % of patients of control group.Conclusion.Intraoperative using of an anti‑adhesion gel allows to reduce the frequency of recurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome after surgical decompression.
The possibility of simultaneous combined skin grafting during the installation of synthetic implants after cranial trepanation
Authors: Tunimanov P. G. , Manukovskiy V. A. , Zinoviev E. V. , Chechulov P. V. , Kostyakov D. V. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Over the past 20 years, with an increase in the number of decompression trepanations in the Russian Federation and abroad, the number of cranioplasties performed has increased. Despite the development of technology, these surgical interventions are inevitably accompanied by a number of complications (up to 36 %), including the for‑ mation of skin defects. The choice of the optimal algorithm for the treatment of skin defects after cranioplasty remains the subject of debate.The purpose of the publication is to demonstrate by a clinical example the possibility of simultaneous combined skin grafting during the installation of synthetic implants after cranial trepanation, as well as to analyze the outcomes and com‑ plications of such operations.Materials and methods. For the period 2017–2019 under our supervision there were 42 patients after craniotomy, 32 of which were cranioplasty, and 10 plastic surgery of the defects of the scalp after removal of synthetic implants. In the course of the analysis, the structure and terms of surgical interventions, the length of hospitalization, the frequen‑ cy and structure of complications, as well as the timing of their development were studied.The article presents one of the cases of treatment and simultaneous installation of a titanium plate, combined skin grafting in a patient who has undergone previously decompressive craniotomy, cranioplasty with protacryl.Results. Simultaneous cranioplasty with skin grafting was performed in 3 out of 42 patients. The average hospitalization time after such an intervention was significantly less than with two‑stage plastic surgery (28.0 ± 3.9 and 52.0 ± 2.7 days, respectively, p <0.05). There were no complications in the postoperative period after a single‑stage plastic surgery, but after a two‑stage one, 2 cases of divergence of the wound edges and the formation of fistulas above the implants were registered.Conclusion. The data obtained illustrate that, given the technical feasibility, as well as the satisfactory condition of the skin flap, simultaneous cranioplasty with combined skin grafting can be one of the methods of choice in the treat‑ ment of extensive defects in the skin of the head and skull.