bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rediscovery Hypothesis: Language Models Need to Meet Linguistics
Authors: Nikoulina Vassilina , Tezekbayev Maxat , Kozhakhmet Nuradil , Babazhanova Madina , Gallé Matthias , Assylbekov Zhenisbek 
Published: December 2021

There is an ongoing debate in the NLP community whether modern language models contain linguistic knowledge, recovered through so-called probes. In this paper, we study whether linguistic knowledge is a necessary condition for the good performance of modern language models, which we call the rediscovery hypothesis.
In the first place, we show that language models that are significantly compressed but perform well on their pretraining objectives retain good scores when probed for linguistic structures. This result supports the rediscovery hypothesis and leads to the second contribution of our paper: an information-theoretic framework that relates language modeling objectives with linguistic information. This framework also provides a metric to measure the impact of linguistic information on the word prediction task. We reinforce our analytical results with various experiments, both on synthetic and on real NLP tasks in English.
Risk factors for erectile dysfunction: known and unexpected facts (review)
Authors: Gamidov S. I. , Ovchinnikov R. I. , Popova A. Yu. , Shatylko T. V. 
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among men over 50 years is 31-51 %. By 2025, the prevalence of ED is expected to increase to 322 million men worldwide. In Russia, according to academician D.Yu. Pushkar', ED suffers up to 89.9 %.In this regard, it seems very important to establish the causes of this condition. The purpose of this review is to assess the current state of the literature on the issue of risk factors leading to or associated with the development of ED.The presented works show that well-known factors play a role in the occurrence of ED: unfavorable environmental conditions, harmful lifestyle factors, chronic intoxication, obesity, genetic predisposition, deficiency of sex hormones and vitamins, diseases of the cardiovascular system, prostate and urethra, as well as drugs for their treatment. Also, new indicators in laboratory and instrumental studies that change with ED are considered.Among the well-known data, there are also some very original works devoted to this topic. The relationship between ED and reproductive disorders, psoriasis, periodontitis, human immunodeficiency virus infection and some drugs use is now being investigated, which is presented in this review.
Evaluation and comparative analysis of sperm characteristics in men before and after vaccination with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)
Authors: Sorokina T. M. , Bragina E. E. , Sorokina E. A. , Kurilo L. F. , Shtaut M. I. , Sedova A. O. , Chernykh V. B. 
Published: December 2021

The study objective is to evaluate reproductive function in men who underwent vaccination with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) based on quantitative and qualitative sperm characteristics.Materials and methods. Mean ejaculate characteristics were analyzed in 3 independent groups formed from patients examined at the Laboratory of Genetics of Impaired Reproduction of the Research Center for Medical Genetics in 2021: the comparison group consisted of 759 unvaccinated men; the group of 73 men who were vaccinated with Sputnik V and for whom the time between the full vaccination (2 components of the vaccine) and semen analysis was less than 75 days; and the group of 58 men who underwent vaccination more than 75 days prior to semen analysis.The results of semen analysis of 53 patients before and after full vaccination procedure were compared. In 32 patients, less than 75 days passed since vaccination; in 21 patients, more than 75 days; for 5 patients data prior to 75 days since vaccination and after are available.The study group included patients without history of COVID-19. Standard semen analysis was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization Guidelines. For statistical analysis of the differences between the groups Student's t-test was used with significance level of p <0.05.Results. Comparison of semen analysis of the same patients before and after vaccination procedure showed no statistically significant differences. Small decrease in progressive motility was observed (from 19.0 ± 0.4 to 13.8 ± 1.1 %), as well as decline in sperm morphology (from 4.53 ± 0.12 to 3.55 ± 0.31 %) in the group who underwent vaccination less than 75 days prior to the analysis. In the group who underwent vaccination more than 75 days before semen analysis, sperm characteristics do not differ from the unvaccinated group.Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in the ejaculate indices of the same patients before and after vaccination with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac). In the group of patients examined in a short time after vaccination, there is a decrease in the quality of sperm compared to the comparison group (unvaccinated). In the group of patients examined in a more distant period, there are no significant differences in the quality of sperm from the group of unvaccinated, which indicates the absence of long-term consequences of vaccination for the quality of ejaculate.
Fast Pyrolysis Biochar Flammability behavior for Handling and Storage
Authors: Del Campo Bernardo , Brumm Thomas , Keren Nir 
Published: December 2021

Biochar is a fairly new material in the research arena with limited information on safety aspects related to transportation, storage, disposal or field application methods. The objective of this research was to assess the flammability characteristics of fast pyrolysis biochars with test methods EPA 1030 and ASTM 4982. Results indicated that biochar is a non-flammable substance when tested with EPA 1030 ignitability of solids. However, when tested with ASTM D4982, a fast screening method, biochars showed potential risks of flammability. However, the addition of 20-50% moisture reduced any flammability concern.
Fast pyrolysis biochar was more prone to be flammable than traditional charcoal and slow pyrolysis biochar tested in this study. Still, fast pyrolysis biochars presented lower flammability potential (ASTM 4982) in comparison to its precursor biomass. The flammability propagation measured with EPA 1030, had high correlations with oxygen content and surface area of the fast pyrolysis biochar. The combustion reaction of fast pyrolysis biochar is a flameless combustion process, with a slow burning rate, and most commonly exhibiting a hot ember smoldering propagation front.
This paper illustrates the necessity of performing recurring tests due to biochar’s intrinsic variability stemming from the different modes of production and feedstock used.
Semblanza absolutamente exacta: mapas y medios en Borges y Royce
Authors: Peters John , Burgos Hugo 
Published: December 2021

Josiah Royce, the American idealist philosopher (1855-1916), is best known to readers of Borges in connection with a recursive map-within-a-map drawn upon the soil of England. Indeed, Borges ranks ​​"el mapa de Royce" side-by-side with his beloved Zeno´´´ s paradox in “Otro poema de los dones” (336), a Whitmanesque catalog of a few of his favorite things. Borges appreciated Royce as a fellow-wanderer through the late nineteenth-century thickets of both Anglo-American idealism and the new mathematics of transfinite numbers. Royce was not so much an influence on Borges as a fellow traveler who had arrived in a somewhat similar place after passing through Berkeley, Schopenhauer, and Cantor.
After cataloging connections between the two thinkers and explicating Royce's map, I will suggest that both figures are theorists of infinity and metaphysicians of the copy who offer fertile suggestions to our understanding of media in general and maps in particular. Though Royce and Borges both can strike some readers as architects of suffocating idealistic structures, there is a difference. Royce thinks his figures of infinity really do disclose the truth about the universe. Borges sees in such figures the paradoxes and slippages involved in any project of perfect duplication, and his skepticism about philosophical representation is designed, ultimately, to provide oxygen and exit from totalitarian systems. In this I would view Borges as a follower of Royce's close friend, Harvard colleague and philosophical antagonist: William James.
Seasonal Occurrence and Reproductive Suitability of Weed Hosts for Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in South Georgia
Authors: Barman Apurba K. , Roberts Phillip M. , Prostko Eric P. , Toews Michael D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
South Georgia represents an area of intensive agricultural production where cultivated crops serve as hosts of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), throughout the year. In addition to cultivated hosts, there are numerous weed species present in the agricultural landscape that are undoubtedly responsible for supporting B. tabaci population development. This study provided information on the most abundant weed hosts of B. tabaci from this region. We evaluated 31 different weed species, of which 16 weed species are reproductive hosts with varying degrees of preference. Suitable weed hosts included cypressvine morningglory (Ipomoea quamoclit L.), nodding spurge (Euphorbia nutans Lag.), prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), sharppod morningglory (Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennst.), smallflower morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia L.), tall vervain (Verbena bonariensis L.), and wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). These species are highly abundant and therefore likely influence B. tabaci populations in the landscape. Other species including bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC) and redweed (Melochia corchorifolia L.) were highly preferred by B. tabaci but not nearly as abundant in the landscape. Furthermore, we identified 10 very common weed species that were poor reproductive hosts including wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), Florida pusley (Richardia scabra L.), and henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.).
The Inhibitory Effect of Powdery Mildew-Induced Volatiles from Rose on Host Selection Behavior of Beet Armyworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Cheng Jing , Yin Lihong , Zhou Shiping , Tang Min , Li Yunxian , Yang Fazhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plant-mediated indirect interactions (PMIIs) between phytopathogenic fungi and herbivorous insects on shared host plants occur in nature. Knowledge of PMIIs is critical in plant molecular breeding and integrated pest management. We studied the response and chemical mechanism of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), adults to rose plants, Rosa chinensis Jacquin, infected with rose powdery mildew, Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary. Using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) coupled with electroantennogram (EAG), we found that beet armyworm antennae responded to 8, 11, and 3 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from noninfected roses, mildew-infected roses, and mildew alone, respectively. The EAG analyses showed 11 chemicals (e.g., limonene [1], 2-ethyl-1-hexanol [2], linalool [3], nonanal [4], (E)-β-caryophyllene [5], 1-dodecanol [7], nhexadecane [9], 1-hexadecanol [11], methyl palmitate [12], 1-octadecanol [14], and n-butyl hexadecanoate [15]) elicited electrophysiological responses of beet armyworm antennae with significant dose-response relationships (P &lt; 0.05). The EAG responses to the three chemicals (3, 11, and 15) were greater than that to the reference chemical [i.e., (E)-2-hexenal] at 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 mg/ml. Olfactory and ovipositional behavior assays indicated that three chemicals (2, 3, and 5) significantly attracted beet armyworm females and four chemicals (7, 11, 14, and 15) strongly repelled females. Chemicals 2, 3, and 5 from healthy roses appear to be responsible for the attraction of beet armyworm moths to healthy roses, whereas chemicals 7, 11, 14, and 15 from mildew-infected roses play key roles in inhibiting attraction of moths. VOCs from mildew alone did not attract or repel beet armyworm moths.
Effect of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles on Liver Morphology of Rats in Parenteral Administration
Authors: Yukina G. Yu. , Sukhorukova E. G. , Polovnikov I. V. , Kryzhanovskaya E. A. 
Published: December 2021

The issue of the potential safety of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SDNPs) remains relevant. In this connection, in order to use the unique capabilities of silicon nanostructures for biomedical purposes, as well as to level their toxic effects, a detailed study of these nanoparticles interaction with cells and tissues in vivo is required.The aim of the research is to reveal morphofunctional changes in a rat's liver after a single parenteral administration of 12 nm silicon dioxide nanoparticles for the period of six months.Material and methods. Using general histological and immunohistochemical methods to study the rats' liver after a single parenteral administration of 1 ml of silicon dioxide nanoparticles at a dose of 7 mg/kg of body weight at a concentration of 2 mg/ml. The sections of the rats' liver were studied by general histological and immunohistochemical methods after injection of 1mL of a SDNPs saline suspension at a concentration of 2 mg/mL (7mg/kg of body weight). Control animals were injected with 1 ml of saline solution. The material was collected in 21 days, 2, 4 and 6 months months after the administration of the SDNPs and it was fixed in 10% neutral formaldehyde.Results. The formation of granulomas in the liver on the 21st day of the experiment and an increase in the number of Kupfer cells were revealed. However, by the 2nd month of the experiment, the number of granulomas significantly decreases compared to the 21st day of the experiment and continues to decrease in subsequent periods. The average size of granulomas decreases during the 2nd month of the experiment and does not change during the subsequent periods of the experiment. After 6 months of the experiment, the morphofunctional state of the liver is characterized by slightly pronounced aseptic inflammation.Conclusion. A single parenteral administration of silicon dioxide nanoparticles causes pronounced aseptic inflammation of the liver, decreasing by the 6th month of the experiment. Connective tissue remodeling in the liver is not observed at all periods of the experiment.
Exploring how veterinary professionals perceive and use grief support resources to support companion animal caregivers in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Matte Alisha , Khosa Deep , Meehan Michael 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore veterinary professionals’ use and perceptions of grief resources and services to support companion animal caregivers following companion animal euthanasia.
Background: The loss of a companion animal can be a source of great sorrow and grief. Like human loss, many companion animal caregivers may seek out and benefit from grief resources, of which veterinary professionals are often important providers. Yet, little is known about how, when or for what reasons veterinary professionals provide these resources.
Methods: A qualitative study consisting of group and individual interviews involving 38 veterinary professionals and staff from 10 veterinary hospitals in Ontario, Canada was conducted. Verbatim transcripts were evaluated using inductive thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes.
Results: Results indicated that typically resources were only provided if a caregiver requested information, or when veterinary professionals recognised that the caregiver may benefit from these resources. To assess a caregiver’s need, participants reported considering their age, the strength of the human-animal bond, their previous and ongoing life circumstances, and their emotional state. Several barriers limiting veterinary professionals’ use of grief resources were also described including perceptions that few adequate resources existed and a lack of knowledge of existing or new resources.
Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest that there are substantial opportunities to improve and embed a provision of grief resources within the veterinary profession. There is a need to develop adequate resources to meet caregivers’ supportive needs and implement these resources within the greater veterinary profession.
MОДЕЛИ НЕГАТИВНОГ ИЛИ НЕАДЕКВАТНОГ ПОРОДИЧНОГ ВАСПИТНОГ ДЕЛОВАЊА У ВОЈВОДИНИ КРАЈЕМ 19. ВЕКА
Authors: Nemet Ferenc , Pinter Krekić Valerija , Popovic Virdjinija Aurel 
Published: December 2021

У другој половини 19. века, за време Аустроугарске Монархије, у Војводини се мало који просветни радник, учитељ или професор одважио да се лати пера, напише и објави своја запажања о појединим моделима негативног или неадекватног породичног васпитног деловања у Војводини крајем 19. века који су за свој крајњи, негативни исход имали срозавање друштвеног морала. Један од ретких, који се на то осмелио, био је учитељ Ференц Јунг, који је своја искуства и запажања у том домену, сажео у књизи објављеној у Сомбору 1888. године на мађарском језику, A téves nevelési rendszerek áldozatai vagy a társadalmi erkölcs hanyatlásának okai. Rajzok a nevelészet köréből/[Жртве погршних васпитних система, тј. разлози пада друштвеног морала. Теме из области вапитања] намењеној родитељима као практичан водич за васпитање деце и како да препознају погрешне моделе васпитања, дајући им смернице за правилна васпитна начела. Јунг је у својој књизи елаборирао и указао на десетак разних негативних, неадекватних принципа васпитања, који су нанели штету појединцу и друштву у целини. У раду се анализирају модели породичног васпитног деловања у Војводини које је Ференц Јунг описао у својој кризи са акцентом на неадекване и погрешне моделе за васпитање деце као и на његове практичне савете из домена образовања и васпитања, као и друштвено-историјски контекст у којем су настале ове методе. Дело Ференца Јунга је свакако откриће за педагогију, будући да њу не бележи ниједна библиографија, те је због тога веома интересантан извор информација за историју педагошких наука на овим просторима.
Кључне речи: Ференц Јунг, Војводина, неподобни системи васпитања, критика праксе васпитања у Аустроугарској Монархији, 19. век
C’EST QUOI, LE EN DU GÉRONDIF ?
Authors: Samardžija Tatjana 
Published: December 2021

L’article contraste, d’un côté, les travaux qui voient dans le gérondif une structure bi-morphématique, composée de la préposition en et du participe présent (Waugh, 1976 ; Kindt, 1999 ; Anscombre, 2001 ; Lipsky, 2003 ; Khammari, 2006 ; Wilmet, 2007 ; Cuniţă, 2011 ; Rihs, 2013) et, de l’autre, la critique de cette position, présentée par G. Kleiber (2007a et b), qui propose de considérer le gérondif comme une structure mono-morphématique, résultant de la grammaticalisation de l’union entre l’ancienne préposition EN et la forme -ANT, qui n’est plus équivalente au participe présent moderne. Nous concentrant sur deux points principaux – l’identité de en dans le gérondif et l’aspect sécant du participe présent – nous soutenons qu’il est indispensable de réunir les faits diachroniques et synchroniques pour offrir une vue synthétique et conciliatrice du gérondif, où en garde toujours l’essentiel de son sémanisme, en modifiant de manière profonde les propriétés aspectuelles de la forme participiale en -ant. Il se crée ainsi une structure complexe figée dont la fonction est d’introduire un cadre temporel et logique pour le prédicat principal, auquel elle impose différents degrés de coalescence.
Enhancing the benefits of group involvement in research
Authors: Home Alice 
Published: December 2021

Research can facilitate mutual learning, allow participants’ voices to be heard, increase practical usefulness of studies and foster empowerment. This paper discusses ways that groups can take part in research, outlines advantages and limits of each and explores strategies for enhancing benefits. This content is illustrated with brief examples from recent research publications and from two longer case studies. Groups and members can be involved as participants or co-producers of research. As participants, they either act as research subjects by contributing data, or as collaborators who are consulted at various times to help keep a study relevant to community issues. Being a subject offers an opportunity to reflect and share views, while collaborators and researchers can learn from working together. Though collaborators can exert influence, they have little control over decisions around focus, design, methods or dissemination of a study. Co-producing knowledge offers community groups more power, learning and empowerment but requires high levels of mutual trust, commitment and persistence. Potential gains and risks increase as involvement intensifies. However, researchers can enhance benefits at any level, by keeping this goal in mind when planning studies.
Corpo paisagem território
Authors: Almeida Gabriela Machado Ramos de 
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo apresenta uma análise do filme As filhas do fogo, da argentina Albertina Carri (2019), reivindicado pela cineasta como pornô feminista. Vemos, no longa de ficção, um grupo de mulheres que viaja pela Patagônia argentina em uma vivência lésbica orgiástica. Com inspiração nas teorias queer, nos estudos sobre sensorialidade no cinema e sobre pornografia, além da noção de prática reparadora em Eve Sedgwick (2020), o trabalho busca identificar os modos como a obra provoca deslocamentos nas figurações do desejo feminino, produzindo uma política da imagem em diálogo com o que Paul B. Preciado (2007, 2018) chama de feminismo lúdico, que encontra no audiovisual, na literatura ou na performance seus espaços de ação e que seria capaz de operar como mecanismo de resistência às normatividades sexuais.
Caminhar no trilho das sombras
Authors: Abade Jorge 
Published: December 2021

A verdade visual, através do ver, está intimamente ligada ao desenho, especialmente pelo desígnio, que se apresenta de forma proposicional. O desenho, imanente à origem e âmago das artes visuais, não se esgota na função literal de designar, a sua atuação tem uma absoluta transversalidade formadora. A sua ação, que procede de um olhar concentrado, indica e indicia, também mostra e caracteriza, mas sobretudo cria potencial in-visual – aí percorre o seu caminho para a sua transcendência, aporta consigo seu especular e a sua sombra, o seu contido espectral. O desígnio, que se articula num exercício especulativo, na sua faceta de aparição, determina cargas de qualidades imiscuídas nos assuntos, tanto do conteúdo como da forma. Veicula ainda o ser-em-si do desenho, na sua autorreflexividade, que é a dimensão identitária e autónoma da sua concentração, na sua in-visualidade; este fator é inteiramente participativo numa subjacência sombria, no ganho do seu potencial de transcendência. Atinge-se o apogeu do hieratismo artístico quando essa transcendência se articula numa alteridade em duas vias, entre desenho e fruidor. Este caminho do desenho é um caminho para a sua verdade, onde está a sua sombra própria, interna, o que confirma a sua autonomia e também a sua existência como arte, mas essa sombra é também o que provém de ausências e descai para a ausência, a caminho da morte.