bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Treatment for Major Salivary Gland Carcinoma Based on Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with or without Radical Surgery
Authors: Qiu Zichen , Wu Zheng , Lin Feifei , Wang Lei , Xie Dehuan , Cheng Wanqin , Lyu Shaowen , Liu Xuekui , Wang Mingli , Hu Jiang , Tao Yalan , Su Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The present study aimed to determine a treatment strategy and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) target volume for major salivary gland carcinoma (SGC).
Methods

Patients with SGC treated at our cancer center between August 2009 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results

The following primary tumor sites were identified: parotid gland in 61 (69.3%) patients, submandibular gland in 21 (23.9%) patients, and sublingual gland in six (6.8%) patients. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) was the most common tumor subtype that accounted for 23.9% of cases. A total of 80 (90.9%) patients received radical surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy. Eight patients (9.1%) received definitive radiotherapy: six patients with advanced-stage disease received induction chemotherapy (IC) combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and two patients with early-stage disease received CCRT. Complete response was observed in these eight patients after treatment completion. The median follow-up time of all patients was 42 months (range: 4–129 months). No patient developed local recurrence. The 5-year overall survival, regional failure-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and progression-free survival probabilities were 84.1%, 95.6%, 75.3%, and 75.7%, respectively. Distant metastasis was observed in 18 (20.5%) patients, followed by regional 2 (2.3%) recurrence. Permanent facial nerve injury was confirmed in 31 patients by follow-up. None of the patients experienced facial nerve paralysis in the definitive radiotherapy group.
Conclusions

LECs may be sensitive to chemoradiotherapy, which may achieve a radical effect and avoid unnecessary surgical injury. IC combined with CCRT is expected to become a new treatment strategy for advanced LECs. The IMRT target volume delineation according to the surgical principles may be a more promising method with good clinical efficacy that is worthy of further study.
Nanoplastics and Arsenic Co-Exposures Exacerbate Oncogenic Biomarkers Under an in Vitro Long-Term Exposure Scenario
Authors: Marcos Ricard , Barguilla Irene , Domenech Josefa , Rubio Laura , Hernández Alba 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the widespread presence of its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), call for an urgent evaluation of their potential health risks. In the environment, MNPLs coexist with other known hazardous contaminants and, thus, an interesting question arises as to whether MNPLs can act as carriers of such pollutants, modulating their uptake and their harmful effects. In this context, we have examined the interaction and joint effects of two relevant water contaminants: arsenic and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs), this last being a model of nanoplastic.
Methods

Since both agents are persistent pollutants, the potential effects have been evaluated under a chronic exposure scenario and measuring different effect biomarkers involved in the cell transformation process. Thus, cells previously transformed by chronic arsenic exposure were further exposed to PSNPLs, arsenic, and the combination PSNPLs/arsenic for 12 weeks.
Results

Interestingly, a physical interaction between both pollutants was demonstrated by using TEM/EDX methodologies. Results also indicate that the continuous co-exposure enhances the DNA damage and the aggressive features of the initially transformed phenotype. Remarkably, co-exposed cells present a higher proportion of spindle-like cells within the population, an increased capacity to grow independently of anchorage, as well as enhanced migrating and invading potentials when compared to cells exposed to arsenic or PSNPLs alone.
Conclusions

This study highlights the need for further studies exploring the long-term effects of contaminants of emerging concern such as MNPLs, and the importance of considering the behavior of mixtures as part of the hazard and human risk assessment approaches.
Color Appearance Shifts Depending on Surface Roughness, Illuminants, and Physical Colors
Authors: Chae Youngjoo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Texture is an important synesthetic design element used in textile products. The three-dimensional surface of texture changes the amount and angle of reflected light causing a color appearance change from its original color. In this work, for a wide range of colors, it was quantitatively analyzed how the color appearances change depending on different textures and illumination, such as CIE standard illuminants A, F11, F2, and D65. It was found that strong-textured fabrics (with a surface roughness Ra of 0.46 mm) had larger hue appearance changes and consequent overall color appearance changes from their true colors due to illuminants than non-textured papers (with a surface roughness Ra of 0.03 mm). Between two types of fabrics with different textures of 0.25 and 0.46 mm, however, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of color appearance changes, indicating that the difference in surface roughness greater than 0.43 mm can produce significant differences in color appearance changes induced by illumination. It was also found that the magnitude and direction of color appearance changes under different CIE illuminants differed significantly according to the physical chroma and hue of the surface.
Evaluation of the Role of Na+/ K+ ATPase Ion Transporters and Na+/K+/ 2Cl and Na+/H+ Exchanger Cotransporters in Nephrons of Periophthalmus Waltoni Using Immunohistochemistry and Histology
Authors: Esfandiari Kave , Babaei Mohammad , Amiri-Farahani Mina , Kalantari-Hesari Ali , Morovvati Hassan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Kidneys play an important role in regulating the balance of water and ions in freshwater and seawater fish. However, complex kidney structures impair a comprehensive understanding of kidney function. In this study, in addition to renal histology, Na+/K+/ATPase ion transporter proteins and Na+/K+/2Cl− and NHE3 cotransporters were located in Priophthalmus waltoni kidney tissue to evaluate the ion regulation abilities of epithelial cells in various parts of nephrons. The renal tubules are composed of proximal tubules and distal tubules, followed by collecting tubes and finally collecting ducts. Light microscope immunohistochemistry was utilized to locate Na+/ K+-ATPase along renal tubules and collecting ducts. However, the distribution of the Na+/K+-ATPase immune response varies in different sections. Na+/K+/CL− cotransporter positioning was reported only in collecting tubes and collecting ducts, and proximal tubes and distal tubes did not respond to Na+/K+/Cl− cotransporter immunolocalization. Immunohistochemical response for NHE3 localization was detected only at the apex of epithelial cells of proximal tubules and collecting tubes. The distal tubes showed negative reaction and the collecting ducts showed a weak response to NHE3 safety immunolocalization.
Eriodictyol ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice through inhibited ferroptosis via vitamin D receptor mediated Nrf2 activation
Authors: Li Lin , Li Wenjun , Zheng Xiangru , Liu Qinglong , Du Qian , Lai Yujie , Liu Songqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease in contemporary era, and it is still clinically incurable. Eriodictyol, a natural flavonoid compound mainly exists in citrus fruits and some Chinese herbal medicine, has been reported with its effect of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. However, there are few studies on the anti-AD effect and molecular mechanism of eriodictyol.
Methods

APP/PS1 mice were treated with eriodictyol and the cognitive function of mice was assessed by behavioral tests. The level of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and hyper-phosphorylation of Tau in the brain of mice were detected by histological analysis and Western blotting. Meanwhile, HT-22 cells which induced by amyloid-β peptide (1-42) (Aβ1−42) oligomer were treated with eriodictyol after which cell viability was determined and the production of p-Tau was tested by Western blotting. Then, the characteristics of ferroptosis, including iron aggregation, lipid peroxidation and the expression of glutathione peroxidase type 4(GPX4), were determined both in vivo and in vitro by Fe straining, Western blotting and qPCR assay. Additionally, the expression level of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway were tested by Western blotting and qPCR assay. After that, the HT-22 cells with VDR knockout were used to explore the potential mechanisms and the relationship between VDR and Nrf2 was further assessed by coimmunoprecipitation assay and bioinformatics analysis.
Results

Eriodictyol obviously ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice, suppressed Aβ aggregation and the phosphorylated level Tau in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, eriodictyol could inhibit Tau hyper-phosphorylation and neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells induced by Aβ1−42 oligomer. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro, eriodictyol showed the anti-ferroptosis effect and its mechanism may connected with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Additionally, the further experiment explains that the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway with eriodictyol treatment mediated by VDR.
Conclusions

Eriodictyol alleviated memory impairment and AD-like pathological changes via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway mediated by VDR, which provide a new possibility for the treatment of AD.
Bias Correction, Historical Evaluations and Future Projections of Climate Simulations in the Wei River Basin Using CORDEX-EA
Authors: Wang Yinping , Jiang Rengui , Xie Jiancang , Zhu Jiwei , Zhao Yong , Li Fawen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The utilization of Regional Climate Methods (RCMs) to predict future regional climate is an important study under the changing environment. The primary objective of the paper is to correct the temperature and precipitation simulations for the period of 1980-2005 and 2026-2098 in the Wei River Basin (WRB), to evaluate the performance of RCMs for the period of 1980-2005, and further, to analyze the future changes of projected temperature and precipitation during 2026-2098. In this paper, the linear scaling method was used to correct the temperature simulations. Quantile mapping, local intensity scaling method and hybrid method were used to correct the precipitation simulations. The future changes of projected temperature and precipitation for the near-term (2026-2050), mid-term (2051-2075) and far-term (2076-2098), relative to the period of 1980-2005, were investigated under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Results indicate that: (1) The temperature biases were different spatial distributions, and the precipitation wet biases were detected in the WRB. After correction, HadGEM2-ES driven by RegCM4-4 had the best temperature reproducibility, and NCC-NorESM1-M driven by RegCM4-4 had the best precipitation reproducibility. (2) Under RCP 2.6, the projected annual, winter and spring temperature showed decreasing trends. The temperature was higher than that for the period of 1980-2005 except for the spring temperature decreases in the Beiluo River Basin. Under RCP 8.5, the temperature showed significantly increasing trends. The temperature for the near-term was similar to the period of 1980-2005, while the temperature increased significantly for the mid-term and far-term. (3) Under RCP 2.6, the precipitation had decreasing trends. Under RCP 8.5, precipitation trends were also spatially distributed. The relative deviation of winter precipitation was the largest. Relative to the period of 1980-2005, the light and moderate rain days showed little change for the period of 2026-2098, while the extreme rain days showed significantly increasing trends. (4) The results could be beneficial to the future climate projection, which provide references for the water resources management, the future hydrological process changes and attribution analysis in the WRB.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Novel Launaea Procumbens Leaves Extract and Screening Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kumavat Sanjay Ratan , MISHRA SATYENDRA 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plants are emerging as a cost-effective and ecofriendly method for green synthesis of nanoparticles. The plant extract Launaea procumbens was used as a reduction agent in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectroscopy, HR-TEM, SAED, FE-SEM, EDAX, DLS, and FT-IR were used to study the green synthesized silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy of a prepared silver solution revealed maximum absorption at 435 nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape with a size in the range of 24.28 to 31.54 nm. DLS analysis was used to determine the size of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles, which showed outstanding antibacterial action against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis had a maximum zone of inhibition of 20 mm, Staphylococcus aureus had a zone of inhibition of 19 mm, and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had zones of inhibition of 13 mm.
Understanding sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents: Evidence formative study in three districts of lake regions in Tanzania
Authors: mrisho mwifadhi , Mantel Michaela , Kabanywanyi Abdunoor M , Fakih Bakar , Fatuma Manzi , Mtenga Sally , Selestine Edna , Siso David , Mugerwa Michael , Jadavji Sofia , Temmerman Marleen , Kidanto Hussein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Teenage marriage and adolescent pregnancy present a significant health challenge in the Tanzania. About 36% of women aged 15-49 are married before the age of 18, and 32% of rural adolescents (10-19 years) gave birth, compared with 19% of urban. In Mwanza region, one third of currently married adolescent and women aged 15-49 experienced unmet need for family planning and had low use of modern contraceptives. Here we present a study that explored the gaps in accessing and utilization of quality adolescent sexual and reproductive health services (ASRH).
Methods

This was a descriptive and exploratory cross-sectional formative study utilizing multiple qualitative research methods. Purposive sampling was used to select an urban district (Nyamagana), rural district (Magu) and an island (Ukerewe). Sixty-seven IDI and 30 focus group discussions (FGDs) stratified by gender (12 out-of-school, 12 in-school), and (3 male, 3 female adults) were purposefully sampled. Vignettes were done with 15-19 years old in-school and out-of-schools boys and girls. An experienced moderator, along with a note-taker, led the discussions while taking notes. The FGDs were recorded using an MP3 voice recorder. Thematic analysis approach was undertaken and data was analysed using NVivo 12, a qualitative software.
Results

The identified the most important pressing needs of the adolescents in relation to SRH. Adolescent girls needed specific services such as counselling on menstrual health, sexual consent, HIV/AIDS, and prevention of pregnancies. Sanitary pads during menstrual period were very important pressing need of the adolescent girls. Adolescents both girls and boys preferred to receiving friendly health care services in a respectful manner. Girls mentioned that they would like to receive SRH support from nurses in health facilities, mothers, sisters, aunties and friends. With regards to boys, they preferred to receive the SRH from health care providers followed with their peer’s friends. Several obstacles were reported to hinder access to SRHS predominantly among the adolescent girls as compared to the boys. Poor infrastructure tended to impair the privacy at the health facilities, and rarely there were specific buildings to provide friendly adolescent sexual and reproductive health services.
Conclusions

The strategies to guide delivery of ASRH should involve the inclusion of duty bearers, promotion of friendly health care services where health workers provide services in friendly-manner, provision of ASRH education for awareness creation to adolescents and supportive parents/ care takers.
Heating Rate Effect during Sintering on the Technological Properties of Brazilian Red Ceramics
Authors: Guimarães Carlos , Delaqua Geovana , de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Amaral Lucas , Souza Claudio Luiz Melo , Silva Angelus da , Holanda José Nilson , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unbalanced energy consumption in the production of ceramic artifacts is responsible for considerable undesirable impacts, such as increased emissions of polluting gases, excessive consumption of fuel materials, land degradation and unpredictable financial costs. By contrast, the practice of optimizing the ceramic sintering, which in associated with firing of high temperature, can result in increased productivity and reduced production costs preserving an environmentally friendly production system. Moreover, it allows further improvements in the quality of the final product. This work compares the effect of different sintering cycles, with heating rates of 2, 15 and 30°C/min, on the technological properties of a Brazilian industrial clay ceramic body. Initially the clay ceramic specimens was characterized in terms of mineralogical, chemical and physical properties. Specimens were prepared by extrusion and fired at temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000°C. The evaluated properties by standard tests were water absorption, post-firing linear shrinkage and flexural strength. It was found that owing to sintering carried out at higher heating rates, red ceramic products with superior technological properties were obtained. This is an unprecedented conclusion for common clay ceramics produced in Brazil. Based on the promising obtained results it is evidenced, in a clear and detailed way, the benefits of rapid sintering cycle application for conventional brick production.
Spatial Similarity of MRI-Visible Perivascular Spaces in Healthy Young Adult Twins
Authors: Lee Boeun , Shin Na-Young , Park Chang-hyun , Nam Yoonho , Lim Soo Mee , Ahn Kook Jin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine whether genetic factors affect the location of dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) by comparing healthy young twins and non-twin (NT) siblings.
Methods
A total of 700 healthy young adult twins and NT siblings (138 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, 79 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and 133 NT sibling pairs) were collected from the Human Connectome Project dataset. dPVS was automatically segmented and normalized to standard space. Then, spatial similarity indices (mean squared error [MSE], structural similarity [SSIM], and dice similarity [DS]) were calculated for dPVS in the basal ganglia (BGdPVS) and white matter (WMdPVS) between paired subjects before and after propensity score matching of dPVS volumes between groups. Within-pair correlations for the regional volumes of dVPS were also assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results
The spatial similarity of dPVS was significantly higher in MZ twins (higher DS [median, 0.382 and 0.310] and SSIM [0.963 and 0.887] and lower MSE [0.005 and 0.005] for BGdPVS and WMdPVS, respectively) than DZ twins (DS [0.121 and 0.119], SSIM [0.941 and 0.868], and MSE [0.010 and 0.011]) and NT siblings (DS [0.106 and 0.097], SSIM [0.924 and 0.848], and MSE [0.016 and 0.017]). No significant difference was found between DZ twins and NT siblings. Similar results were found even after subjects were matched according to dPVS volume. Regional dPVS volumes were also more correlated within pairs in MZ twins than DZ twins and NT siblings.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that genetic factors affect the location of dPVS.
Fractional spinal anesthesia and systemic hemodynamics in frail elderly hip fracture patients
Authors: Olsen Fredrik , af Segerstad Mathias Hård , Dalla Keti , Ricksten Sven-Erik , Nellgård Bengt 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Aging and frailty make the elderly patients susceptible to hypotension following spinal anesthesia. The systemic hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia are not well known. In this study, we examine the systemic hemodynamic effects of fractional spinal anesthesia following intermittent microdosing of a local anesthetic and an opioid.Methods: We included 15 patients aged over 65 with considerable comorbidities, planned for emergency hip fracture repair. Patients received a spinal catheter and cardiac output monitoring using the LiDCOplus system. Invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, heart rate and stroke volume index were registered. Two doses of bupivacaine 2.25 mg and fentanyl 15µg were administered with 25 minutes in between. Hypotension was defined as a fall in MAP by >30% or a MAP <65 mmHgResults: The incidence of hypotension was 30%. Hypotensive patients (n=5) were treated with low doses of norepinephrine (0.003-0.12 µg/kg/min). MAP showed a maximum reduction of 17% at 10 minutes after the first dose. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index and stroke volume index decreased by 10%, 6%, and 7%, respectively, while heart rate was unchanged over time. After the first dose, none of the systemic haemodynamic variables were affected.Conclusion: Fractional spinal anesthesia causes a low incidence of hypotension, induced mainly by a systemic venodilation, causing a decrease in venous return and fall in cardiac output. Our results show that fractional spinal anesthesia is a safe technique from a hemodynamic point of view and is probably underutilized in high-risk, elderly hip fracture patients