bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cumulus parameterization and land-surface hydrology schemes on Tibetan Plateau climate simulation during the wet season: insights from the RegCM4 model
Authors: Wang Xuejia , Chen Deliang , Pang Guojin , Anwar Samy A. , Ou Tinghai , Yang Meixue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDynamical downscaling generally performs poorly on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), due to the region’s complex topography and several aspects of model physics, especially convection and land surface processes. This study investigated the effects of the cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) and land-surface hydrology scheme (LSHS) on TP climate simulation during the wet season using the RegCM4 regional climate model. To address these issues and seek an optimal simulation, we conducted four experiments at a 20 km resolution using various combinations of two CPSs (Grell and MIT-Emanuel), two LSHSs (the default TOPMODEL [TOP], and Variable Infiltration Capacity [VIC]). The simulations in terms of 2-m air temperature, precipitation (including large-scale precipitation [LSP] and convective precipitation [CP]), surface energy-water balance, as well as atmospheric moisture flux transport and vertical motion were compared with surface and satellite-based observations as well as the ERA5 reanalysis dataset for the period 2006–2016. The results revealed that the model using the Grell and TOP schemes better reproduced air temperature but with a warm bias, part of which could be significantly decreased by the MIT scheme. All schemes simulated a reasonable spatial distribution of precipitation, with the best performance in the experiment using the MIT and VIC schemes. Excessive precipitation was produced by the Grell scheme, mainly due to overestimated LSP, while the MIT scheme largely reduced the overestimation, and the simulated contribution of CP to total precipitation was in close agreement with the ERA5 data. The RegCM4 model satisfactorily captured diurnal cycles of precipitation amount and frequency, although there remained some differences in phase and magnitude, which were mainly caused by the CPSs. Relative to the Grell scheme, the MIT scheme yielded a weaker surface heating by reducing net radiation fluxes and the Bowen ratio. Consequently, anomalous moisture flux transport was substantially reduced over the southeastern TP, leading to a decrease in precipitation. The VIC scheme could also help decrease the wet bias by reducing surface heating. Further analysis indicated that the high CP in the MIT simulations could be attributed to destabilization in the low and mid-troposphere, while the VIC scheme tended to inhibit shallow convection, thereby decreasing CP. This study’s results also suggest that CPS interacts with LSHS to affect the simulated climate over the TP.
Gewichtsverluste und Mangelernährungsrisiko bei geriatrischen PatientInnen
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wolke Reinhold , Reiber Petra 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mangelernährung stellt eine große Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag dar und ist mit einer erhöhten Mortalität assoziiert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Im vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Forschungsprojekt Prävention und Behandlung von Mangelernährung bei geriatrischen Patienten im Krankenhaus werden Routinedaten ausgewertet. Ziel ist es, die Ursachen eines in der Klinik erworbenen Mangelernährungsrisikos aufzudecken.

Material und Methoden
Ausgewertet werden anonymisierte Daten von insgesamt 2058 PflegeheimbewohnerInnen aus 19 Pflegeeinrichtungen mit mindestens 3‑tägigem Klinikaufenthalt. Mangelernährungsrisiko wird mithilfe der kombinierten Screenings MUST/PEMU (Malnutrition Universal Screnning Tool/Pflegerische Erfassung von Mangelernährung und deren Ursachen) , die manifeste Mangelernährung entsprechend den ESPEN-Kriterien (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse
Ein initialer Anteil von 36,2 % (n = 744) weist ein Mangelernährungsrisiko und 12,7 % (n = 262) eine manifeste Mangelernährung auf; die Anteile steigen nach Klinikaufenthalt auf 48,6 % (n = 881) bzw. 14,3 % (n = 259). Die logistische Regressionsanalyse zeigt eine signifikant steigende Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Mangelernährungsrisiko während des Klinikaufenthaltes zu entwickeln, wenn Einweisungsdiagnosen der ICD-10-Gruppen (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) Krankheiten des Atmungssystems (OR 2,686; 95 %-KI 1,111–4,575) und Nebendiagnosen der Gruppe Osteopathien und Chondropathien (OR 1,892; 95 %-KI 1,149–3,115) vorliegen sowie bei einem höheren BMI (OR 1,108; 95 %-KI 1,038–1,181), positiveren Gewichtsveränderungen 6 Monate vor Krankenhaus (OR 1,055; 95 %-KI 1,017–1,094) und einer steigenden Anzahl an Behandlungstagen (OR 1,048; 95 %-KI 1,029–1,067).

Diskussion
Sowohl die Identifikation einer initialen Mangelernährung als auch die Prävention eines innerklinischen Mangelernährungsrisikos stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Kliniken dar. Beides ist aber gleichermaßen erforderlich.
Tau immunotherapy is associated with glial responses in FTLD-tau
Authors: Kim Boram , Mikytuck Bailey , Suh Eunran , Gibbons Garrett S. , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Vaishnavi Sanjeev N. , Spindler Meredith A. , Massimo Lauren , Grossman Murray , Trojanowski John Q. , Irwin David J. , Lee Edward B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are neuropathologic subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau inclusions (FTLD-tau), primary tauopathies in which intracellular tau aggregation contributes to neurodegeneration. Gosuranemab (BIIB092) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to N-terminal tau. While Gosuranemab passive immunotherapy trials for PSP failed to demonstrate clinical benefit, Gosuranemab reduced N-terminal tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic mouse models and PSP patients. However, the neuropathologic sequelae of Gosuranemab have not been described. In this present study, we examined the brain tissue of three individuals who received Gosuranemab. Post-mortem human brain tissues were studied using immunohistochemistry to identify astrocytic and microglial differences between immunized cases and a cohort of unimmunized PSP, CBD and aging controls. Gosuranemab immunotherapy was not associated with clearance of neuropathologic FTLD-tau inclusions. However, treatment-associated changes were observed including the presence of perivascular vesicular astrocytes (PVA) with tau accumulation within lysosomes. PVAs were morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct from the tufted astrocytes seen in PSP, granular fuzzy astrocytes (GFA) seen in aging, and astrocytic plaques seen in CBD. Additional glial responses included increased reactive gliosis consisting of bushy astrocytosis and accumulation of rod microglia. Together, these neuropathologic findings suggest that Gosuranemab may be associated with a glial response including accumulation of tau within astrocytic lysosomes.
Spatial scaling of plant and bird diversity from 50 to 10,000 ha in a lowland tropical rainforest
Authors: Hazell Richard J. , Chmel Kryštof , Riegert Jan , Paul Luda , Isua Brus , Kaina Graham S. , Fibich Pavel , Molem Kenneth , Stewart Alan J. A. , Peck Mika R. , Weiblen George D. , Novotny Vojtech 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While there are numerous studies of diversity patterns both within local communities and at regional scales, the intermediate scale of tens to thousands of km2 is often neglected. Here we present detailed local data on plant communities (using 20 × 20 m plots) and bird communities (using point counts) for a 50 ha ForestGEO plot in lowland rainforest at Wanang, Papua New Guinea. We compare these local diversity patterns with those documented in the surrounding 10,000 ha of lowland rainforest. Woody plant species richness was lower within 50 ha (88% of 10,000 ha richness), even when both were surveyed with identical sampling effort. In contrast, bird communities exhibited identical species accumulation patterns at both spatial scales. Similarity in species composition (Chao-Jaccard) remained constant while similarity in dominance structure (Bray–Curtis) decreased with increased distance between samples across the range from < 1 to 13.8 km for both plant and bird communities. The similarity decay was more rapid in plants, but in both cases was slow. The results indicate low to zero beta-diversity at the spatial scale represented here, particularly for birds but also for woody plants. A 50 ha plot provided a highly accurate representation of broader-scale diversity and community composition within 10,000 ha for birds, and a relatively good representation for woody plants. This suggests potential for wider generalization of data from ForestGEO plots which are almost always locally unreplicated, at least for those in lowland tropical forest.
Monopoly
Authors: Müller Matthias , Thiele Raphael 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Spielidee des Monopoly-Spiels ist mehr als 100 Jahre alt. Ein Grund für den beständigen Erfolg ist die Anpassungsfähigkeit der Spielidee. Mittlerweile kann man über 1000 unterschiedliche Versionen unterscheiden. Die zentrale Gefängnis-Regel ist allen Versionen gemein. Unterschiedliche Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeiten der Spielfelder eines Spielplans sind die Folge. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, den Einfluss der Gefängnis-Regel auf die Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeiten in Abhängigkeit der Größe des Spielplans und der Anzahl an Würfeln beim Monopoly-Spiel zu untersuchen. Die Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeiten der 40 Felder des Spielplans der Classic-Version sind bekannt. Im Artikel wird ein allgemeines Modell des Spiels beschrieben, das eine Variation der Anzahl an Feldern und Würfeln erlaubt und eine Untersuchung des Einflusses auf die Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeiten der Spielfelder ermöglicht. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Einfluss der Gefängnis-Regel und das damit verbundene Ungleichgewicht der summierten Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeiten zwischen dem oberen und unteren Spielfeldbereich. Insgesamt lässt sich festhalten, dass eine Steigerung der Anzahl an Feldern des Spielplans bei gleichbleibender Anzahl an Würfeln den Einfluss der Gefängnis-Regel und das Ungleichgewicht zwischen den Bereichen des Spielplans vergrößert. Im Gegensatz dazu schwächt eine Erhöhung der Anzahl an Würfeln bei gleichbleibender Anzahl an Feldern den Einfluss der Gefängnis-Regel ab und führt zur Angleichung der summierten Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeiten der Spielfelbereiche.
Peri-implant bone preservation of a novel, self-cutting, and fully tapered implant in the healed crestal ridge of minipigs: submerged vs. transgingival healing
Authors: Francisco Helena , Finelle Gary , Bornert Fabien , Sandgren Rebecca , Herber Valentin , Warfving Nils , Pippenger Benjamin E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of transgingival compared with submerged healing on peri-implant bone maintenance around a novel, fully tapered implant in a healed crestal ridge in minipigs.

Materials and methods
In each of 12 minipigs, two implants (Straumann® BLX, Roxolid® SLActive®, Ø 3.75 × 8 mm) were placed. Implants were either left for submerged or for transgingival healing for 12 weeks. Measurements performed were bone-to-implant contact (BIC), first bone-to-implant contact (fBIC), bone area to total area (BATA), perpendicular bone crest to implant shoulder (pCIS), bone height change from placement, and bone overgrowth (for submerged implants).

Results
No significant differences were found between transgingival and submerged healing in any of the measured parameters, except for BATA on the buccal aspect in which significantly more bone formation was found for the transgingival healing group. For both groups, there was a gain in crestal bone height during the 12-week healing period.

Conclusions
Loaded compared with unloaded implants displayed comparable levels of osseointegration and equivalent marginal bone levels. This qualifies the implant placement protocol with respect to the osteotomy dimensions and subcrestal placement protocol for immediate loading.

Clinical relevance
The here presented results related to osseointegration and crestal bone maintenance after submerged or transgingival healing have demonstrated a high level of consistency in the used in vivo translational model. The obtained results support the translation of the novel implant type in conjunction with the developed surgical workflow and placement protocol into further clinical investigation and use.
Modified Iterations for Data-Sparse Solution of Linear Systems
Authors: Hackbusch Wolfgang , Uschmajew André 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA modification of standard linear iterative methods for the solution of linear equations is investigated aiming at improved data-sparsity with respect to a rank function. The convergence speed of the modified method is compared to the rank growth of its iterates for certain model cases. The considered general setup is common in the data-sparse treatment of high dimensional problems such as sparse approximation and low rank tensor calculus.
Hydrogeology and groundwater management in a coastal granitic area with steep slopes in Galicia (Spain)
Authors: Naves Acacia , Samper Javier , Pisani Bruno , Mon Alba , Dafonte Jorge , Montenegro Luis , García-Tomillo Aitor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroundwater availability, management and protection are great challenges for the sustainability of groundwater resources in the scattered rural areas of the Atlantic regions of Europe where groundwater is the only option for water supply. This report presents a hydrogeological study of the coastal granitic area of Oia in northwestern Spain, which has unique geomorphological and hydrogeological features with steep slopes favoring the erosion of the weathered granite. The hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area includes: (1) the regolith layer, which is present only in the flat summit of the mountains; (2) the slope debris and the colluvial deposits, which are present in the intermediate and lowest parts of the hillside; (3) the marine terrace; and (4) the underlying fractured granite. Groundwater recharge from rainfall infiltration varies spatially due to variations in terrain slope, geology and land use. The mean annual recharge estimated with a hydrological water balance model ranges from 75 mm in the steepest zone to 135 mm in the lowest flat areas. Groundwater flows mostly through the regolith and the detrital formations, which have the largest hydraulic conductivities. Groundwater discharges in seepage areas, springs, along the main creeks and into the sea. The conceptual hydrogeological model has been implemented in a groundwater flow model, which later has been used to select the best pumping scenario. Model results show that the future water needs for domestic and tourist water supply can be safely provided with eight pumping wells with a maximum pumping rate of 700 m3/day.
Challenges of caregiving to neurological patients
Authors: Ransmayr Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA substantial number of neurological diseases lead to chronic impairment of activities of daily living (ADL) and physical or mental dependence. In Austria, homecare is provided mostly by female family members. Moreover, mainly female personnel, in the majority from southern and eastern European countries, contributes to care. Dependence and need for care vary between neurological diagnoses and accompanying diseases. Caregiver burden (CB) depends on patient- and caregiver-related and external factors, such as integrity of a family network, spatial resources, and socioeconomic factors. Depending on the neurological diagnosis, disease severity, and behavioral impairment and psychiatric symptoms, caregivers (CG) are at a significant risk of mental and somatic health problems because of limitations in personal needs, occupational and social obligations, financial burden, and restricted family life and leisure. Subjective and objective CB needs to be assessed in time and support should be provided on an individual basis. Recently, COVID-19 has caused additional multifactorial distress to dependent patients and informal and professional CG.
Airborne sub-pollen particles from rupturing giant ragweed pollen
Authors: Stone Elizabeth A. , Mampage Chamari B. A. , Hughes Dagen D. , Jones Lillian M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRagweed pollen is a prevalent allergen in late summer and autumn, worsening seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms. In the atmosphere, pollen can osmotically rupture to produce sub-pollen particles (SPP). Because of their smaller size, SPP can penetrate deeper into the respiratory tract than intact pollen grains and may trigger severe cases of asthma. Here we characterize airborne SPP forming from rupturing giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) pollen for the first time, using scanning electron microscopy and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. SPP ranged in diameter from 20 nm to 6.5 μm. Most SPP are capable of penetrating into the lower respiratory tract, with 82% of SPP < 1.0 μm, and are potential cloud condensation nuclei, with 50% of SPP < 0.20 μm. To support predictions of the health and environmental effects of SPP, we have developed a quantitative method to estimate the number of SPP generated per pollen grain ($${n}_{\mathrm{f}}$$

n
f

) based upon the principle of mass conservation. We estimate that one giant ragweed pollen grain generates 1400 SPP across the observed size range. The new measurements and method presented herein support more accurate predictions of SPP occurrence, concentration, and air quality impacts that can help to reduce the health burden of allergic airway diseases.
Graphic abstract
Rupturing ragweed pollen releasing cellular components (right), viewed by an inverted light microscope.
How to Frame Understanding in Mathematics: A Case Study Using Extremal Proofs
Authors: Carl Merlin , Cramer Marcos , Fisseni Bernhard , Sarikaya Deniz , Schröder Bernhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe frame concept from linguistics, cognitive science and artificial intelligence is a theoretical tool to model how explicitly given information is combined with expectations deriving from background knowledge. In this paper, we show how the frame concept can be fruitfully applied to analyze the notion of mathematical understanding. Our analysis additionally integrates insights from the hermeneutic tradition of philosophy as well as Schmid’s ideal genetic model of narrative constitution. We illustrate the practical applicability of our theoretical analysis through a case study on extremal proofs. Based on this case study, we compare our analysis of proof understanding to Avigad’s ability-based analysis of proof understanding.
Cancer neoantigens as potential targets for immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Weijie , Pham Brian , Li Tianhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 have increased the survival and cure rates for patients with many cancer types in various disease settings. However, only 10–40% of cancer patients benefited from these ICIs, of whom ~ 20% have treatment interruption or discontinuation due to immune-related adverse events that can be severe and even fatal. Current efforts in precision immunotherapy are focused on improving biomarker-based patient selection for currently available ICIs and exploring rationale combination and novel strategies to expand the benefit of immunotherapy to more cancer patients. Neoantigens arise from ~ 10% of the non-synonymous somatic mutations in cancer cells, are important targets of T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity for individual patients. Advances in next generation sequencing technology and computational bioinformatics have enable the identification of genomic alterations, putative neoantigens, and gene expression profiling in individual tumors for personal oncology in a rapid and cost-effective way. Among the genomic biomarkers, defective mismatch DNA repair (dMMR), microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) and high tumor mutational burden (H-TMB) have received FDA approvals for selecting patients for ICI treatment. All these biomarkers measure high neoantigen load and tumor antigenicity, supporting the current development of neoantigen-based personalized cancer vaccines for patients with high TMB tumor. Several studies have shown neoantigen vaccines are feasible, safe and have promising clinical activity in patients with high TMB tumors in both metastatic and adjuvant settings. This review summarizes the emerging data and technologies for neoantigen-based personalized immunotherapy.
Motivation-Achievement Cycles in Learning: a Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Vu TuongVan , Magis-Weinberg Lucía , Jansen Brenda R. J. , van Atteveldt Nienke , Janssen Tieme W. P. , Lee Nikki C. , van der Maas Han L. J. , Raijmakers Maartje E. J. , Sachisthal Maien S. M. , Meeter Martijn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe question of how learners’ motivation influences their academic achievement and vice versa has been the subject of intensive research due to its theoretical relevance and important implications for the field of education. Here, we present our understanding of how influential theories of academic motivation have conceptualized reciprocal interactions between motivation and achievement and the kinds of evidence that support this reciprocity. While the reciprocal nature of the relationship between motivation and academic achievement has been established in the literature, further insights into several features of this relationship are still lacking. We therefore present a research agenda where we identify theoretical and methodological challenges that could inspire further understanding of the reciprocal relationship between motivation and achievement as well as inform future interventions. Specifically, the research agenda includes the recommendation that future research considers (1) multiple motivation constructs, (2) behavioral mediators, (3) a network approach, (4) alignment of intervals of measurement and the short vs. long time scales of motivation constructs, (5) designs that meet the criteria for making causal, reciprocal inferences, (6) appropriate statistical models, (7) alternatives to self-reports, (8) different ways of measuring achievement, and (9) generalizability of the reciprocal relations to various developmental, ethnic, and sociocultural groups.
Rules, Equilibria and Virtual Control: How to Explain Persistence, Resilience and Fragility
Authors: Hindriks Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInstitutions are often regarded either as rules or as equilibria sustained by self-interested agents. I ask how these two theories can be combined. According to Philip Pettit’s Virtual Control Theory, they explain different things: rules explain why regularities persist; self-interest why they are resilient. Thus, his theory reconciles the two theories by adjusting their domains of application. However, the available evidence suggests that rules and self-interest often combine as sources of motivation. Because of this, it is better to integrate the theories rather than to reconcile them. Inspired by Cristina Bicchieri’s theory of social norms, I incorporate the notion of rule-following into a game-theoretic account of institutions. According to the resulting Rules-and-Equilibrium Theory, institutions are rule- or norm-governed social practices. The theory does not only explain their persistence and resilience, but also their fragility, which provides another reason for preferring the proposed integration to Pettit’s reconciliation.