bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Vision for Characterization of Solution Conductivity Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Plasma in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yu , Ko Tsung‐Shun , Hsu Cheng‐Che 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) vision for optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of plasma in aqueous solution. We aim to characterize the plasma and OES with XAI. Trained with 18000 spectra, a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) model accurately predicted the solution conductivity. Local interpretable model‐agnostics explanations (LIME), an XAI method, interpreted the model through perturbing spectral features and fitting the feature contribution with a linear model. LIME showed that OH, Hγ, and Hβ emission lines were critical to the model, differing from the lines typically selected by humans. The results demonstrated that machine captured the spectral features neglected by humans. We believe using XAI for plasma OES analysis impacts the fields of plasma and analytical chemistry.
Protein sequence‐to‐structure learning: Is this the end(‐to‐end revolution)?
Authors: Laine Elodie , Eismann Stephan , Elofsson Arne , Grudinin Sergei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe potential of deep learning has been recognized in the protein structure prediction community for some time, and became indisputable after CASP13. In CASP14, deep learning has boosted the field to unanticipated levels reaching near‐experimental accuracy. This success comes from advances transferred from other machine learning areas, as well as methods specifically designed to deal with protein sequences and structures, and their abstractions. Novel emerging approaches include (i) geometric learning, that is, learning on representations such as graphs, three‐dimensional (3D) Voronoi tessellations, and point clouds; (ii) pretrained protein language models leveraging attention; (iii) equivariant architectures preserving the symmetry of 3D space; (iv) use of large meta‐genome databases; (v) combinations of protein representations; and (vi) finally truly end‐to‐end architectures, that is, differentiable models starting from a sequence and returning a 3D structure. Here, we provide an overview and our opinion of the novel deep learning approaches developed in the last 2 years and widely used in CASP14.
A comparative analysis of social vulnerability and proximity to coal‐fired power plants and windmill farms
Authors: Crowley Julia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research examines if there are differences in the social vulnerability of U.S. residents living within a five‐mile radius of a coal‐fired power plant compared to residents living within a five‐mile radius of a windmill farm (N = 5776) for facilities in operation as of April 2020. Two logistic regression models were created with demographic data for 2020 and 2010 to account for the decline of the coal power industry and rise of the wind power industry. Results suggest that U.S. census tracts with higher percentages of populations aged 25 and over with a Bachelor's degree, living in poverty, minorities, and employed in the utilities sector were significantly more likely to live within a five‐mile radius of a coal power facility than a wind power facility for both the 2020 and 2010 models. The only major discrepancy between the two models involved the percentage of owner‐occupied housing as the variable was only a significant predictor for the 2010 model. Census tracts with higher percentages of owner‐occupied housing were less likely to be located near a coal power facility.
ID1/ID3 Mediate the Contribution of Skin Fibroblasts to Local Nerve Regeneration Through Itga6 in Wound Repair
Authors: Chen Zelin , Shen Gufang , Tan Xu , Qu Langfan , Zhang Can , Ma Le , Luo Peng , Cao Xiaohui , Yang Fan , Liu Yunsheng , Wang Yu , Shi Chunmeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing requires intricate synchronization of several key processes. Among them, local nerve regeneration is known to be vitally important for proper repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of local nerve regeneration are still unclear. Fibroblasts are one of the key cell types within the skin whose role in local nerve regeneration has not been extensively studied. In our study, we found skin fibroblasts were in tight contact with regenerated nerves during wound healing, while rare interactions were shown under normal circumstances. Moreover, skin fibroblasts surrounding the nerves were shown to be activated and reprogrammed to exhibit neural cell-like properties by upregulated expressing inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) and ID3. Furthermore, we identified the regulation of integrin α6 (Itga6) by ID1/ID3 in fibroblasts as the mechanism for axon guidance. Accordingly, transplantation of the ID1/ID3-overexpressing fibroblasts or topical injection of ID1/ID3 lentivirus significantly promoted local nerve regeneration and wound healing following skin excision or sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, we demonstrated a new role for skin fibroblasts in nerve regeneration following local injury by directly contacting and guiding axon regrowth, which might hold therapeutic potential in peripheral nerve disorders and peripheral neuropathies in relatively chronic refractory wounds.
Plasmonic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Javed Hafiz Muhammad Asif , Sarfaraz Muhammad , Nisar M. Zubair , Qureshi Akbar Ali , e Alam M. Fakhar , Que Wenxiu , Yin Xingtian , Abd‐Rabboh Hisham S. M. , Shahid Arslan , Ahmad M. Irfan , Ullah Sana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid depletion of fossil fuel soon would drive us to look for an alternative clean energy resources to meet the global energy demand. Several attempts have been made in recent years to improve the performances of renewable energy devices to achieve higher efficiency and to compete with conventional energy sources. Solar cells have great potential for a sustainable solution to the world energy crisis. The titania (TiO2) is the most frequently used photoanode in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) but its interfacial defects and restricted optical features lead it to low performance. The advent of Au/TiO2 nanocomposite materials as photoanode in DSSC has explored new approaches in the successful optimization of renewable energy devices. The newly invented plasmonic dye‐sensitized solar cells (PDSSC) also have optimized performance as well as reduced adverse effects. The fabrication of nanostructured composites with the inclusion of metallic nanoparticles is very helpful to increase the light scattering by plasmonic effects. The PDSSC facilitates the electronic transport by reducing the electron‐hole recombination rates due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of gold nanoparticles anchored with titania that's why these types of cells achieved maximum attention in the current era. In this review, fundamentals, recent developments, and future perspectives of PDSSC have been discussed.
Strength of SCLC recycled springs and fibers concrete subject to high temperatures
Authors: Pachideh Ghasem , Toufigh Vahab 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, the self‐compacting lightweight concretes (SCLC) with different fibers were prepared and exposed to elevated temperatures, and their mechanical properties were investigated. Three types of fibers were steel fibers (SF), polypropylene fibers (PPF), and metal springs with a volume fraction of 0.4%. One hundred and fifty cylindrical specimens were prepared, and the compression, tensile and flexural tests were carried out on them after exposure to high temperatures ranging from 25 to 700°C. The findings indicate that incorporation of steel fibers and springs enhanced the compressive strength of concrete by 20% compared to the control specimen. Meanwhile, the polypropylene fibers increased the tensile strength up to 70% after exposure to the elevated temperatures. The flexural strength of concrete in all specimens was dramatically reduced at the temperature of 700°C. Following an increase in temperature, the bending‐induced strain energy in the specimens containing steel fibers and metal spring increased by 70% and 88% in contrast to the control specimen. Conversely, the strain energy of the specimens containing polypropylene reduced by 70%. For all concrete mixes, the threshold temperature for severe strength loss in the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests was 500°C, and the strengths of concrete specimens decreased remarkably at the temperature of 700°C. Finally, the use of metal springs could relatively enhance the mechanical properties of SCLC and reduce the cost.
Limit of a Consistent Approximation to the Complete Compressible Euler System
Authors: Chaudhuri Nilasis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe goal of the present paper is to prove that if a weak limit of a consistent approximation scheme of the compressible complete Euler system in full space$$ \mathbb {R}^d,\; d=2,3 $$Rd,d=2,3is a weak solution of the system, then the approximate solutions eventually converge strongly in suitable norms locally under a minimal assumption on the initial data of the approximate solutions. The class of consistent approximate solutions is quite general and includes the vanishing viscosity and heat conductivity limit. In particular, they may not satisfy theminimal principle for entropy.
Consecutive Colouring of Oriented Graphs
Authors: Borowiecka-Olszewska Marta , Drgas-Burchardt Ewa , Javier-Nol Nahid Yelene , Zuazua Rita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider arc colourings of oriented graphs such that for each vertex the colours of all out-arcs incident with the vertex and the colours of all in-arcs incident with the vertex form intervals. We prove that the existence of such a colouring is an NP-complete problem. We give the solution of the problem for r-regular oriented graphs, transitive tournaments, oriented graphs with small maximum degree, oriented graphs with small order and some other classes of oriented graphs. We state the conjecture that for each graph there exists a consecutive colourable orientation and confirm the conjecture for complete graphs, 2-degenerate graphs, planar graphs with girth at least 8, and bipartite graphs with arboricity at most two that include all planar bipartite graphs. Additionally, we prove that the conjecture is true for all perfect consecutively colourable graphs and for all forbidden graphs for the class of perfect consecutively colourable graphs.
Comparison of carbon ion and photon reirradiation for recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Lautenschlaeger F. S. , Dumke R. , Schymalla M. , Hauswald H. , Carl B. , Stein M. , Keber U. , Jensen A. , Engenhart-Cabillic R. , Eberle F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Purpose of this study was to investigate overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma treated with either carbon ion reirradiation or photon reirradiation.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study we evaluated 78 consecutive patients with recurrent IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase)-wildtype glioblastoma (38 patients carbon ion re-radiotherapy, 40 patients photon re-radiotherapy) treated with either carbon ion reirradiation or stereotactic photon reirradiation. 45 Gy (RBE; 15 fractions) carbon ion reirradiation (CIRT) or 39 Gy (13 fractions) photon reirradiation (FSRT) was administered, respectively. Overall survival was investigated with respect to histological, clinical, and epidemiological features. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox statistics were calculated. A propensity score-matched analysis of the FSRT and CIRT groups using variables from a validated prognosis score was carried out.

Results
The type of reirradiation (CIRT vs. FSRT) significantly influenced overall survival—8.0 months vs. 6.5 months (univariate: p = 0.046)—and remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p = 0.017). Propensity score-adjusted analysis with CIRT versus FSRT as the dependent variable yielded a significant overall survival advantage for the CIRT group (median OS 8.9 versus 7.2 months, p = 0.041, 1‑year survival 29 versus 10%). Adverse events (AE) were evaluated for both subgroups. For the FSRT group no toxicity ≥ grade 4 occurred. For the CIRT subgroup no grade 5 AE occurred, but 1 patient developed a grade 4 radionecrosis. We encountered 4 grade 3 toxicities. One patient developed a zoster at the trunk, 2 progressed in their paresis, and 1 featured progressive dysesthesia.

Conclusion
In conclusion, carbon ion treatment is a safe and feasible treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma. Due to the retrospective nature of the study and two different dose levels for CIRT or FSRT, the improved outcome in CIRT reirradiation might be an effect of higher biological impact from carbon ions or a simple dose-escalation effect. This hypothesis needs prospective testing in larger patient cohorts. A prospective phase III randomized trial is in preparation at our center.
Innovationsunterstützung im BfArM – Erfahrungen aus den Beratungen zu digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA)
Authors: Löbker Wiebke , Böhmer Anne Christin , Höfgen Barbara 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Mai 2020 können Hersteller einen Antrag zur Aufnahme einer digitalen Gesundheitsanwendung (DiGA) in das Verzeichnis nach § 139e Fünftes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V) beim für das Bewertungsverfahren zuständigen Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) stellen. Diesem neuen Antragsverfahren liegen spezifische Anforderungen und Bewertungsparameter zugrunde, zu denen sich herstellerseitig eine Vielzahl an Verfahrens- und wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen an das BfArM ergibt.Um diesem Bedarf Rechnung zu tragen, hat das BfArM seine etablierten Informations- und Beratungsangebote gezielt für diese neuen Fragestellungen erweitert. Welche dies bezogen auf DiGA im Einzelnen sind, wo entsprechende Informationen und Unterlagen zu finden sind und was diese jeweils auszeichnet, wird in diesem Beitrag dargelegt. Des Weiteren wird mit Blick auf die zwischen Mai 2020 und April 2021 durchgeführten Beratungsgespräche analysiert, welchen Einfluss diese auf das Ergebnis im jeweiligen Antragsverfahren zur Aufnahme in das DiGA-Verzeichnis haben. Dabei bestätigt sich, dass die frühzeitige Erörterung bewertungsrelevanter Parameter und die Berücksichtigung der Beratungsempfehlungen mit einem positiven Bewertungsergebnis korrelieren: Zu den im Verzeichnis gelisteten DiGA hatten 80 % der Hersteller zuvor eine Beratung durch das BfArM in Anspruch genommen. Die Quote zurückgezogener bzw. abgelehnter Anträge war dagegen deutlich höher, wenn Hersteller zuvor keine Beratung in Anspruch genommen hatten, gegenüber Herstellern, die im Vorfeld zentrale Aspekte mit dem BfArM diskutiert hatten (63 % vs. 35 %). Insgesamt profitieren alle Seiten von dem frühzeitigen, intensiven Austausch – letztendlich insbesondere die Patientinnen und Patienten durch einen unverzögerten Einzug von DiGA in die Regelversorgung aufgrund höherer Antragsqualität.
Bumblebee electric charge stimulates floral volatile emissions in Petunia integrifolia but not in Antirrhinum majus
Authors: Montgomery Clara , Vuts Jozsef , Woodcock Christine M. , Withall David M. , Birkett Michael A. , Pickett John A. , Robert Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe timing of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission by flowering plants often coincides with pollinator foraging activity. Volatile emission is often considered to be paced by environmental variables, such as light intensity, and/or by circadian rhythmicity. The question arises as to what extent pollinators themselves provide information about their presence, in keeping with their long co-evolution with flowering plants. Bumblebees are electrically charged and provide electrical stimulation when visiting plants, as measured via the depolarisation of electric potential in the stem of flowers. Here we test the hypothesis that the electric charge of foraging bumblebees increases the floral volatile emissions of bee pollinated plants. We investigate the change in VOC emissions of two bee-pollinated plants (Petunia integrifolia and Antirrhinum majus) exposed to the electric charge typical of foraging bumblebees. P. integrifolia slightly increases its emissions of a behaviorally and physiologically active compound in response to visits by foraging bumblebees, presenting on average 121 pC of electric charge. We show that for P. integrifolia, strong electrical stimulation (600–700 pC) promotes increased volatile emissions, but this is not found when using weaker electrical charges more representative of flying pollinators (100 pC). Floral volatile emissions of A. majus were not affected by either strong (600–700 pC) or weak electric charges (100 pC). This study opens a new area of research whereby the electrical charge of flying insects may provide information to plants on the presence and phenology of their pollinators. As a form of electroreception, this sensory process would bear adaptive value, enabling plants to better ensure that their attractive chemical messages are released when a potential recipient is present.
Topology optimization using PETSc: a Python wrapper and extended functionality
Authors: Smit Thijs , Aage Niels , Ferguson Stephen J. , Helgason Benedikt 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a Python wrapper and extended functionality of the parallel topology optimization framework introduced by Aage et al. (Topology optimization using PETSc: an easy-to-use, fully parallel, open source topology optimization framework. Struct Multidiscip Optim 51(3):565–572, 2015). The Python interface, which simplifies the problem definition, is intended to expand the potential user base and to ease the use of large-scale topology optimization for educational purposes. The functionality of the topology optimization framework is extended to include passive domains and local volume constraints among others, which contributes to its usability to real-world design applications. The functionality is demonstrated via the cantilever beam, bracket and torsion ball examples. Several tests are provided which can be used to verify the proper installation and for evaluating the performance of the user’s system setup. The open-source code is available at https://github.com/thsmit/, repository $$\texttt {TopOpt\_in\_PETSc\_wrapped\_in\_Python}$$

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New directions for inline inspection of automobile laser welds using non-destructive testing
Authors: Machado Miguel Araújo , Rosado Luís Filipe Soldado Granadeiro , Mendes Nuno Alberto Marques , Miranda Rosa Maria Mendes , dos Santos Telmo Jorge Gomes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn innovative pilot installation and eddy current testing (ECT) inspection system for laser-brazed joints is presented. The proposed system detects both surface and sub-surface welding defects operating autonomously and integrated with a robotized arm. Customized eddy current probes were designed and experimentally validated detecting pore defects with 0.13 mm diameter and sub-surface defects buried 1 mm deep. The integration of the system and the manufacturing process towards an Industry 4.0 quality control paradigm is also discussed.
The age distribution of business firms
Authors: Calvino Flavio , Giachini Daniele , Guerini Mattia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate upon the shape and the determinants of the age distribution of business firms. By employing a novel dataset covering the population of French businesses, we highlight that a geometric law provides a reasonable approximation for the age distribution. However, relevant systematic deviations and sectoral heterogeneity appear. We develop a stochastic model of firm dynamics to explain the mechanisms behind this evidence and relate them to business dynamism. Results reveal a long-term decline in entry rates and lower survival probabilities of young firms. Our findings bear important implications for aggregate outcomes, notably employment growth.
Suizidale Gasembolie im Krankenhaus
Authors: Böckers A. , Steinhoff S. , Scholl T. , Kunz Sebastian N. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungLuftembolien sind im klinischen Alltag nach traumatischen oder iatrogenen Ereignissen eine häufig zu beobachtende Entität. Fälle einer in suizidaler Absicht herbeigeführten Luftembolie sind selten. Die Konnektivität von luft- und flüssigkeitsführenden Schlauchsystemen ermöglicht die Zufuhr großer Gasmengen in kurzer Zeit mit häufig tödlichem Ausgang. Der Einsatz einer Computertomographie vor der Obduktion ist in solchen Fällen obligat und ermöglicht eine umfassende Darstellung der zugeführten Gasmengen. Wir präsentieren den ungewöhnlichen Fall einer suizidalen venösen Gaszufuhr mittels eines stationären Sauerstoffgerätes in einem Krankenhaus.
Lipschitz Bounds and Nonautonomous Integrals
Authors: De Filippis Cristiana , Mingione Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe provide a general approach to Lipschitz regularity of solutions for a large class of vector-valued, nonautonomous variational problems exhibiting nonuniform ellipticity. The functionals considered here range from those with unbalanced polynomial growth conditions to those with fast, exponential type growth. The results obtained are sharp with respect to all the data considered and also yield new, optimal regularity criteria in the classical uniformly elliptic case. We give a classification of different types of nonuniform ellipticity, accordingly identifying suitable conditions to get regularity theorems.
Surgical Management of Patients with Snakebite‐Related Musculoskeletal Complication–A Single Institution Experience in Cambodia
Authors: Uy Kim , Heang Oy , Keo Vanna , Kim Yong June , Gollogly Jim , Lee Ling Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSnakebite‐related injury is a serious public health issue. In Cambodia, it is estimated that up to 21,500 cases of envenoming occurs from snakebites annually. Musculoskeletal disability is a major long‐term complication associated with the injury. In this study, we aim to describe surgical management and rehabilitation in snakebite‐related musculoskeletal injuries at Children's Surgical Centre, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series analysis of patients with snakebite‐related injury who were treated between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. Surgical patients were divided into the early and late presenting groups (= < one year vs. > one year, respectively) based on their time interval from snake bite to time of presentation.ResultsThere were 88 patients who presented with snakebite‐related musculoskeletal injury during the cohort study period. Majority of them were male (n = 62, 71%) and had a median age of 24 years old (IQR 17–44). The injuries were all in the upper and lower limbs though lower limb injury was more common in female patients (81% vs. 48%, Fisher's test p = 0.005). The median time interval from snakebite to time of treatment was 3 years (IQR 3 months–11 years). In this study, 65 patients received surgical interventions. An ulcerated wound was the most common symptom among the early presenting group (78% vs. 24%), while scar contracture was most common among the late group (76% vs. 22%) (Fisher's test p < 0.0001). For management, surgical debridement was the most common primary intervention for the early group (52% vs. 19%), and contracture release was the most common for patients in the late group (62% vs. 15%) (Fisher's test p = 0.0004). Overall, the postoperative complication rate was highest in the late presenting group (34% vs. 3%, Fisher's test p = 0.005).ConclusionMore than half of the patients presented with musculoskeletal injury require surgical correction. Our study demonstrated that scar contracture is the most common complaint among the late presenting group and is associated with high postoperative complication rate.