bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shortcuts to adiabatic rotation of a two-ion chain
Authors: Tobalina Ander , Muga Juan Gonzalo , Lizuain Ion , Palmero Mikel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We inverse engineer fast rotations of a transversally tight, linear trap with two ions for a predetermined rotation angle and time, avoiding final excitation. Different approaches are analyzed and compared when the ions are of the same species or of different species. The separability into dynamical normal modes for equal ions in a harmonic trap, or for different ions in non-harmonic traps with up to quartic terms allows for simpler computations of the rotation protocols. For non-separable scenarios, in particular for different ions in harmonic traps, rotation protocols are also found using more costly numerical optimisations.
Face Mask Use Conditionally Decreases Compliance With Physical Distancing Rules Against COVID-19: Gender Differences in Risk Compensation Pattern
Authors: Aranguren Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
In the context of the COVID-19 emergency, the concern has been raised that people may compensate the reduction in risk ensured by mask use with an increase in risk induced by lower adherence to physical distancing rules.

Purpose
The paper investigates if people compensate risk in this manner when their interaction partner wears a face mask, examining if risk compensation further depends on gender, signaled social status and perceived race.

Methods
An experiment was conducted in two waves (June, n = 1396 and September 2020, n = 1326) in front of the traffic lights of four busy roads in Paris. A confederate asked a randomly selected pedestrian for directions following a script and keeping the recommended distance. Confederates were locally recognizable as Blacks or Whites and alternatively presented themselves with a costume indicative of high or low social status. An observer recorded whether the pedestrian kept the recommended distance.

Results
Both in June and September, men are less likely to comply with the distancing rule when the confederate wears the face mask, and particularly so when the confederate signals high status. When the confederate wears the mask, female pedestrians observe less the one-meter rule in September than in June.

Conclusions
Men’s risk compensatory behavior is constant over time. In contrast, women’s depends on the time period.
Challenges and Prospects of Wild Soybean as a Resistance Source Against Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Hesler Louis S , Tilmon Kelley J , Varenhorst Adam J , Conzemius Sophia R , Taliercio Earl , Beckendorf Eric A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWRs) have high levels of genetic diversity compared to their domesticated descendants. Soybean (Glycine max) has over 20 species of CWRs, most of which are in secondary and tertiary gene pools. Glycine soja, hereafter ‘soja,’ is the only wild relative in the primary gene pool, i.e., species that readily cross with soybean. Soja has many advantageous traits that may be transferrable to soybean, including resistance to insect pests, with particularly strong sources of resistance to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Soybean aphid has been a major soybean pest in the United States and Canada since 2000 and a longstanding pest in East Asia. This paper reviews the challenges of developing soybean with durable resistance to soybean aphid in light of multiple, virulent biotypes in North America and China. It also examines particular challenges in evaluating soja germplasm for soybean aphid resistance and resultant solutions to those challenges. Soja germplasm is widely available, but from our experience, the logistics associated with reliably procuring high-quality soja seed has posed the main challenge in working with this CWR. This review highlights soja accessions identified with strong resistance to soybean aphid and their genetic bases, and it discusses possible strategies for exploiting aphid-resistant soja accessions to improve soybean pest management.
Exploring Methods for Surveillance of Occupational Exposure from Additive Manufacturing in Four Different Industrial Facilities
Authors: Runström Eden Gunilla , Tinnerberg Håkan , Rosell Lars , Möller Rickie , Almstrand Ann-Charlotte , Bredberg Anna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
3D printing, a type of additive manufacturing (AM), is a rapidly expanding field. Some adverse health effects have been associated with exposure to printing emissions, which makes occupational exposure studies important. There is a lack of exposure studies, particularly from printing methods other than material extrusion (ME). The presented study aimed to evaluate measurement methods for exposure assessment in AM environments and to measure exposure and emissions from four different printing methods [powder bed fusion (PBF), material extrusion (ME), material jetting (MJ), and vat photopolymerization] in industry. Structured exposure diaries and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors were used over a 5-day working week. Personal and stationary VOC samples and real-time particle measurements were taken for 1 day per facility. Personal inhalable and respirable dust samples were taken during PBF and MJ AM. The use of structured exposure diaries in combination with measurement data revealed that comparatively little time is spent on actual printing and the main exposure comes from post-processing tasks. VOC and particle instruments that log for a longer period are a useful tool as they facilitate the identification of work tasks with high emissions, highlight the importance of ventilation and give a more gathered view of variations in exposure. No alarming levels of VOCs or dust were detected during print nor post-processing in these facilities as adequate preventive measures were installed. As there are a few studies reporting negative health effects, it is still important to keep the exposure as low as reasonable.
Amanida: an R package for meta-analysis of metabolomics non-integral data
Authors: Llambrich Maria , Correig Eudald , Gumà Josep , Brezmes Jesús , Cumeras Raquel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Summary
The combination, analysis and evaluation of different studies which try to answer or solve the same scientific question, also known as a meta-analysis, plays a crucial role in answering relevant clinical relevant questions. Unfortunately, metabolomics studies rarely disclose all the statistical information needed to perform a meta-analysis. Here, we present a meta-analysis approach using only the most reported statistical parameters in this field: P-value and fold-change. The P-values are combined via Fisher’s method and fold-changes by averaging, both weighted by the study size (n). The amanida package includes several visualization options: a volcano plot for quantitative results, a vote plot for total regulation behaviours (up/down regulations) for each compound, and a explore plot of the vote-counting results with the number of times a compound is found upregulated or downregulated. In this way, it is very easy to detect discrepancies between studies at a first glance.

Availability and implementation
Amanida code and documentation are at CRAN and https://github.com/mariallr/amanida.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The role of abnormal subaortic morphometry as a substrate for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction following atrioventricular septal defect repair
Authors: Chandiramani Ashwini Suresh , Bader Vivian , Finlay Emma , Lilley Stuart , McLean Andrew , Peng Ed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a recognized risk after atrioventricular (AV) septal defect (AVSD) repair, quantitative assessments to define the substrate of the obstruction are lacking.

METHODS
Morphometric analyses were based on measurements from early 2-dimensional echocardiographic scans (within 3 months postoperatively) for 117 patients (82 CAVVO = common AV valve; 35 SAVVO = separate AV valve orifices), which were compared to 50 age/weight matched controls (atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect). Late echocardiographic analyses were performed in 57 patients with AVSD (follow-up range, 1.2–10.7 years).

RESULTS
Adequate z scores (above −2.5) were observed in 109 (93%) patients with AVSD at the aortic annulus and in 89 (76%) with AVSD in the subaortic area. Compared to the control group, patients with AVSD had lower median z scores at the aortic annulus (−0.64 vs 0.60; P &lt; 0.001) and the subaortic areas (−1.48 vs 0.59; P &lt; 0.001), disproportionate subaortic/aortic annulus ratio &lt;1.00 (67% vs 22%; P &lt; 0.001), narrower annuloaortic-septal angle (94.0 vs 104.0; P &lt; 0.001) and annuloaortic left AV valve angle (78.0 vs 90.0; P &lt; 0.001). Compared to patients with CAVVO, those with SAVVO had narrower annuloaortic-septal angles (P = 0.022) that persisted at late analysis, with lower subaortic/aortic annular ratios (P = 0.039). In patients with CAVVO, lower early postoperative subaortic z scores were found following modified single-patch repairs (median −2.12 vs −1.02 in two-patch repairs; P = 0.004). A total of 6/117 (5%) patients (4 CAVVO, 5% and 2 SAVVO, 6%) required reoperations for LVOT obstruction (mean 6.9 years postoperatively), with no difference in morphology or types of operations.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite having adequate z scores, patients with AVSD demonstrated abnormal LVOT morphometrics early postoperatively. Besides intrinsic morphology, repair techniques may have an impact on postoperative LVOT morphometrics and requires further evaluation.
Assessing long-term effects of CAP investment support on indicators of farm performance
Authors: Nilsson Pia , Wixe Sofia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study of Swedish farms from 2007 to 2016, we estimate the effects of investment support from the Common Agricultural Policy on indicators of farm performance, focusing on long-term effects. To isolate the impact and alleviate problems of selection bias, we employ a counterfactual empirical design using Coarsened Exact Matching and dynamic panel fixed-effects estimations. The average treatment effect on the treated estimates show a positive and significant long-term improvement of farm performance with regard to productivity and turnover. However, the results indicate significant time lags between investments and accumulated observable effects, as we find most short-term effects of the subsidy to be insignificant.
Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western and Southern European countries
Authors: Brink Julia , Cullen Patricia , Beek Kristen , Peters Sanne A E 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant problem with several negative health outcomes. Disasters are linked to increased IPV, but little is known about reporting of and strategies to address IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review maps the IPV reporting during the pandemic and interventions to prevent and respond to IPV in 11 Western and Southern European countries.MethodsGovernment websites, news articles and pre-prints were searched using the terms ‘domestic violence’ or ‘violence’ in combination with ‘Covid’ or ‘Corona’. Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched using the terms ‘domestic violence’ and ‘partner violence’ and ‘interventions’.ResultsSix countries showed an increase in domestic violence reports (Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, Spain and UK), two countries a drop (Italy and Portugal), two countries showed no change (The Netherlands and Switzerland) and one country did not provide comparative data (Germany). Common measures to address IPV were starting a campaign (nine countries), creating online support (seven), more funding for alternative accommodation (seven) and support (eight) and use of a code word (four).ConclusionsIPV reports or helpline calls in Western and Southern European countries in the first weeks of COVID-19 measures increased in six countries, remained the same in two countries and showed a decrease in two countries. While this review cannot ascertain the impact of the measures taken by the countries during the pandemic and beyond, this mapping provides a foundation for future research, and an opportunity to trace the efficacy of these strategies.
Sex differences in activity and health changes following COVID-19 in Europe—results from the SHARE COVID-19 survey
Authors: Scheel-Hincke Lasse L , Ahrenfeldt Linda J , Andersen-Ranberg Karen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While a female advantage in the overall survival from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been demonstrated, potential sex differences in health changes are not investigated. In a sample of 21 395 men and 29 139 women aged 50+ from the SHARE COVID-19 survey, we investigated sex differences in social activities, self-rated health and mental health following the COVID-19 outbreak. We found considerable sex differences in all European regions with women experiencing larger negative changes across all social activities and health measures than men lending support for the male–female health-survival paradox.
Primary care physicians’ attitudes and knowledge regarding medical cannabis and willingness to prescribe it: the Israeli experience
Authors: Adler Limor , Zacay Galia , Schonmann Yochai , Azuri Joseph , Yehoshua Ilan , Vinker Shlomo , Shani Michal , Heymann Anthony D , Hoffman Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Use of medical cannabis (MC) in Israel has increased since its regulatory approval in 2016. Currently, more than 1% of Israeli adults are treated with MC; this requires primary care physicians (PCPs) to be familiar with this treatment option.

Objectives
We assessed the attitudes and knowledge of Israeli PCPs toward MC and evaluated their willingness to prescribe it for different medical conditions.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey which was distributed to PCPs in Israel. Physicians were asked about their opinions, knowledge, and willingness to prescribe MC.

Results
Two hundred and one PCPs answered the questionnaire. Their average age was 47 years (±11.2), 71% were specialists. 51% of the respondents thought that MC is an effective treatment. 63% replied that they had little knowledge and 75% indicated that they would like to deepen it. 61% of the respondents were willing to initiate an MC treatment for a dying patient, while less than 50% were willing to initiate MC treatment for various other conditions. Most respondents indicated that they were willing to renew a prescription for any approved medical condition. Willingness to prescribe MC increased for physicians who agreed that MC was effective (odds ratio [OR] 21.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40–200.85), for physicians who strongly agreed with the statement that they had sufficient knowledge (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.58–15.83) and for residents compared with specialists (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.52–10.73).

Conclusions
Our survey revealed PCPs’ differing opinions and insufficient knowledge regarding treatment with MC. These findings suggest that continuing medical education regarding MC is needed.
Redesigning and teaching veterinary microbiology laboratory exercises with combined on-site and online participation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Koort Joanna , Åvall-Jääskeläinen Silja 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has forced universities to find new ways to conduct learning and teaching, as traditional face-to-face teaching has been prevented or restricted to an absolute minimum in many instances. Therefore, we redesigned and taught second-year veterinary student microbiology laboratory exercises (labs) with a hybrid learning approach. For this, a novel ‘remote partner’ model was implemented in which students present on-site in the laboratory worked synchronously pairwise with their remote partner present online. A student feedback survey revealed that in this remote partner model, both on-site and online participation in the labs were experienced as being useful in improving their laboratory skills. The students' overall performance in hands-on microbiological laboratory skills and safe working practices was similar in the hybrid learning approach (the 2021 class) and in the traditional on-site participation approach (the 2018–20 classes). This study suggests that the remote partner model is an effective way to acquire microbiological laboratory skills. This learning approach can be used in the non-pandemic future and/or also be applied to other fields.
Are You Experienced? US Ambassadors and International Crises, 1946–2014
Authors: MacDonald Paul K 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow important are ambassadors in international politics? While a growing body of research stresses the importance of diplomacy in international politics, it remains unclear if individual ambassadors make a significant difference or what attributes make for an effective ambassador. This paper explores these questions through a systematic analysis of 2,730 US ambassadors between 1946 and 2014. The United States is distinctive in that it sends a sizable number of noncareer political appointees to serve as ambassadors. This provides a unique opportunity to examine how an ambassador's experience shapes where they are placed and how they perform. Using various techniques to address selection effects, including matching, I find that the United States is less likely to experience a militarized dispute with a host nation when it is represented by a political ambassador. Moreover, political ambassadors with professional experience in politics or the military, those who are close to the president, and those who are appointed in permissive congressional environments are less likely to experience militarized disputes during their tenure. Individual ambassadors matter, but diplomatic experience alone is not the only attribute that makes for an effective ambassador.
Draft genomes for one Microcystis-resistant and one Microcystis-sensitive strain of the water flea, Daphnia pulicaria
Authors: Clark Amanda D , Howell Bailey K , Wilson Alan E , Schwartz Tonia S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Daphnia species are well-suited for studying local adaptation and evolutionary responses to stress(ors) including those caused by algal blooms. Algal blooms, characterized by an overgrowth (bloom) of cyanobacteria, are detrimental to the health of aquatic and terrestrial members of freshwater ecosystems. Some strains of Daphnia pulicaria have demonstrated resistance to toxic algae and the ability to mitigate toxic algal blooms. Understanding the genetic mechanism associated with this toxin resistance requires adequate genomic resources. Using whole-genome sequence data mapped to the Daphnia pulex reference genome (PA42), we present reference-guided draft assemblies from one tolerant and one sensitive strain of D. pulicaria, Wintergreen-6 (WI-6), and Bassett-411 (BA-411), respectively. Assessment of the draft assemblies reveal low contamination levels, and high levels (95%) of genic content. Reference scaffolds had coverage breadths of 98.9–99.4%, and average depths of 33X and 29X for BA-411 and WI-6, respectively. Within, we discuss caveats and suggestions for improving these draft assemblies. These genomic resources are presented with a goal of contributing to the resources necessary to understand the genetic mechanisms and associations of toxic prey resistance observed in this species.
Epigenome-wide association study of mitochondrial genome copy number
Authors: Wang Penglong , Castellani Christina A , Yao Jie , Huan Tianxiao , Bielak Lawrence F , Zhao Wei , Haessler Jeffrey , Joehanes Roby , Sun Xianbang , Guo Xiuqing , Longchamps Ryan J , Manson JoAnn E , Grove Megan L , Bressler Jan , Taylor Kent D , Lappalainen Tuuli , Kasela Silva , Van Den Berg David J , Hou Lifang , Reiner Alexander , Liu Yongmei , Boerwinkle Eric , Smith Jennifer A , Peyser Patricia A , Fornage Myriam , Rich Stephen S , Rotter Jerome I , Kooperberg Charles , Arking Dan E , Levy Daniel , Liu Chunyu ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We conducted cohort- and race-specific epigenome-wide association analyses of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNA CN) measured in whole blood from participants of African and European origins in five cohorts (n = 6182, mean age = 57–67 years, 65% women). In the meta-analysis of all the participants, we discovered 21 mtDNA CN-associated DNA methylation sites (CpG) (P &lt; 1 × 10−7), with a 0.7–3.0 standard deviation increase (3 CpGs) or decrease (18 CpGs) in mtDNA CN corresponding to a 1% increase in DNA methylation. Several significant CpGs have been reported to be associated with at least two risk factors (e.g. chronological age or smoking) for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Five genes [PR/SET domain 16, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 (NR1H3), DNA repair protein, DNA polymerase kappa and decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 2], which harbor nine significant CpGs, are known to be involved in mitochondrial biosynthesis and functions. For example, NR1H3 encodes a transcription factor that is differentially expressed during an adipose tissue transition. The methylation level of cg09548275 in NR1H3 was negatively associated with mtDNA CN (effect size = −1.71, P = 4 × 10−8) and was positively associated with the NR1H3 expression level (effect size = 0.43, P = 0.0003), which indicates that the methylation level in NR1H3 may underlie the relationship between mtDNA CN, the NR1H3 transcription factor and energy expenditure. In summary, the study results suggest that mtDNA CN variation in whole blood is associated with DNA methylation levels in genes that are involved in a wide range of mitochondrial activities. These findings will help reveal molecular mechanisms between mtDNA CN and CVD.
Success of Cyclosporin and Tofacitinib Combination Therapy in a Patient With Severe Steroid-refractory Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Yang Qinglu , Chen Liang , Feng Lijin , Liu Changqin , Fang Leilei , Liu Zhanju , Sun Xiaomin 
Published: August 2021

Lay Summary
At present, the conventional therapies for acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) mainly include corticosteroids, cyclosporin, and biological agents. However, the treatment of patients with severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis remains a serious challenge to clinicians. This study reports a case of steroid-refractory ASUC treated with cyclosporin combined with tofacitinib after treatment failure with infliximab.