bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Load-specific variant generation of bead cross sections in sheet metal components by unidirectional carbon fibre reinforcement
Authors: Ott M , Haberkern P , Gruber M , Hartmann C , Risch T , Wunderling C , Albers A , Volk W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Beads are widely used to stiffen sheet metal components subjected to bending loads. Often, these bead-stiffened parts are used in product variants that differ significantly in the amount of acting loads. Lamination of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic (UD-CFRP) on the top flange area of individual beads represents a method for further increasing weight-specific stiffness: By varying the number of plies, a specifically configured component is obtained for each of the load cases. As a result, no changes to the forming tools are necessary and a minimum amount of the UD-CFRP material is required. In this work, a complete manufacturing process for a fibre reinforced bead was developed: First, a bead cross section geometry with an adapted top flange area to accommodate the UD-CFRP plies was designed and stamped into pre-stretched sheet samples of DX56 steel. Subsequently, the suitability of several surface pre-treatment processes to achieve sufficient bond strength of the composite bead was experimentally investigated and the UD-CFRP plies were applied by lamination. Final bending tests quantified the achievable stiffening effect of the investigated bead variants, showing a significant increase of the maximum supportable load compared to the standard non-reinforced cross-section.
Prediction and assessment of skid line formation during deep drawing of sheet metal components by using FEM simulation
Authors: Cyron P , Liewald M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The subjective perception of the quality of sheet metal components mainly depends on geometric characteristics and surface structures. In this context, particular attention must be paid to avoiding surface defects such as skid lines during the sheet metal forming process for components with high surface quality requirements (e.g. outer skin passenger car panels). In principal, FEM simulation can provide an effective tool for predicting such surface defects. However, the numerical modelling approaches available today do not yet allow an adequate basis for assessing their quality relevance in production, which especially applies to skid lines. In a previously published study, new skid line criteria were developed in this regard, considering unbending strain, thinning and major strain. Using a simple steel sheet part (DC06) as reference, the study showed that these criteria allow the quality relevance of skid lines to be predicted relatively accurately. This paper focuses on the validation of the proposed skid line criteria and their applicability to the materials DC06 and AA6016. Furthermore, the numerical studies presented show that one of the novel skid line criteria, which considers unbending strain and thinning, is able to accurately locate and predict the quality relevance of skid lines even for complex shaped parts.
Study on the self-propulsion of the rigid-flexible composite plate
Authors: Wu Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For both real fish and bionic fish, a rigid anterior portion is necessary for certain functions. How does the rigid anterior portion affect the locomotion of the flexible plate? Is it true that the rigid portion is redundant? It is lack of clear cognition on these questions. In this paper, the self-propulsion of the rigid-flexible composite plate is studied numerically. We suppose that the forces are exerted on the junction point to maintain a given pitch motion of the rigid portion, the deformation of the flexible portion is consequent. The ratio between the lengths of the flexible portion and the rigid portion is changed to model the composite plate, and the effect of the stiffness of the flexible plate is investigated. It is found that the propulsive velocity and the Froude efficiency actually decrease following the increasing proportion of the rigid plate. However, the conclusion is different as the elastic energy stored in the flexible plate is considered. We find that the case with larger flexible portion is efficient for the ultra-soft posterior plate, while the case with smaller flexible portion is efficient for the stiff posterior plate. It happens to coincide with the swimming behavior of live fish. The hydrodynamic force at the tail is hindering the propulsion of the plate, which means that the motion of the tail plays a decisive role on the force distribution on the plate, rather than the thrust only produced at the tail. We think that the short ultra-soft membrane at the tail of the real fish is an important feature to improve its swimming behavior. It is expected that the study in this paper will give a further insight into the mechanism of the locomotion of fish and give some implications for the design of the soft bionic fish.
One-step, low temperature synthesis of reduced graphene oxide decorated with ZnO nanocrystals using galvanized iron steel scrap
Authors: Tolentino-Hernandez R V , Jimenez-Melero E , Espinosa-Faller F J , Guarneros-Aguilar C , Caballero-Briones F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Production of a ZnO–rGO composite, using a novel one-pot method consisting in continuously flowing argon into a GO aqueous suspension heated at 80 °C, in the presence of galvanized iron steel scrap is presented. FTIR shows the complete disappearance of GO functional groups and only the C=C band remained, indicating extensive GO reduction. Raman spectra indicated sp2 character increase after reaction and the presence of the E2h mode of ZnO. SEM showed submicron crystals identified by XRD as ZnO in the hexagonal phase, while TEM images indicate ZnO nanoparticles decorate mainly the rGO borders. Optical band gap of 3.5 eV corresponding to ZnO, and optical transitions at 4.1 and 5.5 eV related with n → π and π → π* were observed. Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry shows an specific capacitance of 4.7 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mVs−1, which drops to ca. 0.8 F g−1 at 200 mVs−1. By electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the relaxation time was ca. 5 ms. The proposed mechanism for the materials‘ synthesis includes Zn dissolution from scrap, galvanic displacement of oxygen moieties at the GO sheet, Zn deposition onto the carbon surface, and further oxidation and growth of ZnO nanocrystals.
The effect of temperature and ligand structure on the solubility of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Tarakame Samani Mandana , Hashemianzadeh Seyed Majid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of ligands structure, and temperature on the solubility of the smallest crystallographic gold nanoparticle, Au18S14, quantum mechanical calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. Ligands including 2-dimethyl amino Ethan thiol, 4-mercapto benzoic acid, and 3-mercapto-propionic acid have been used to study the effect of ligand type and temperature, and 4-mercapto butyric acid and 5-sulfanyl pentanoic acid ligands have been used in comparison to the 3-mercapto-propionic acid ligand to study the effect of carbon-chain length differences. Furthermore, three different temperatures: 290, 300, and 310 kelvin have been used to study the effect of temperature. The optimized structures of nanoparticles, electronic band-gap, light absorption, dipole moment values, and hardness were obtained using quantum mechanical methods. Further, hydrogen bond number, root mean squared displacement, the moment of inertia, radial distribution functions, mean square displacement, and solvent accessible surface area parameters were studied by molecular dynamic simulation methods. All quantum mechanics analyses indicated that functionalization improves the nanoparticle’s electronic features, solubility, and stability. The studies which have performed with the molecular dynamics simulations indicated that increasing the temperature leads to form more hydrogen bonds between gold nanoparticles and water, making them more soluble. Also, the structures with a longer carbon chain of ligands have stronger interactions with solvent but their mobility in the water can be decreased. From all data of this work, it can be concluded that the 4-mercapto benzoic acid is the ligand that makes more solubility and stability for the mentioned gold nanoparticle.
Near-infrared photodetection using random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes with asymmetrical work-function electrodes
Authors: Sapankaew Mongkol , Dumnernpanich Weerapad , Jompol Yodchay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigate the use of random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes for near-infrared photodetection. By increasing the number of nanotubes between asymmetrical work-function electrodes using dielectrophoretic assembly, the effect of Fermi-level pinning of nanotube-Schottky contacts was revealed in the linear current-voltage characteristic. The extracted device resistance showed an abrupt drop when the numerous intertube junctions formed densely packed networks in the electrode channel. Under the excitation of a near-infrared laser, we performed the photocurrent measurement at ambient temperature at different light powers. Our devices with densely packed nanotube networks showed enhanced photoconductive detection of responsivity, detectivity, and detection response. This is attributed to the increase in the photoabsorption area, the decrease of the channel resistance, and the formation of continuous conducting paths for high-efficient charge percolation. The photoconductive responsivity of up to 8.0 μA W−1 was found with a detectivity of about 4.9 × 105 cm Hz1/2 W−1, which is 4 orders of magnitude greater than that achieved in the channel with individual nanotubes deposited and comparable to that of suspended nanotube bolometers. The densely packed nanotube devices had a detection response of ∼ 4 ms under a finite bias that can be explained by the short-diffusion length of the photoexcited electrons and holes. However, the decrease in the photocurrent with time observed in our devices that exhibited photovoltaic characteristics indicates that electron-hole pair recombination in the nanotube networks occurs with differing characteristic time scales of the injected electrons and holes.
Measure and dimension of sums and products
Authors: Hambrook Kyle , Taylor Krystal 
Published: June 2021

We investigate the Fourier dimension, Hausdorff dimension, and Lebesgue measure of sets of the form

R
Y
+
Z
,

RY + Z,

where

R
R

is a set of scalars and

Y
,
Z

Y, Z

are subsets of Euclidean space. Regarding the Fourier dimension, we prove that for each

α
∈
[
0
,
1
]

\alpha \in [0,1]

and for each non-empty compact set of scalars

R
⊆
(
0
,
∞
)

R \subseteq (0,\infty )

, there exists a compact set

Y
⊆
[
1
,
2
]

Y \subseteq [1,2]

such that

dim
F

⁡
(
Y
)
=

dim
H

⁡
(
Y
)
=

dim
M

¯

(
Y
)
=
α

\dim _F(Y) = \dim _H(Y) = \overline {\dim _M}(Y) = \alpha

and

dim
F

⁡
(
R
Y
)
≥
min
{
1
,

dim
F

⁡
(
R
)
+

dim
F

⁡
(
Y
)
}

\dim _F(RY) \geq \min \{ 1, \dim _F(R) + \dim _F(Y)\}

. This theorem verifies a weak form of a more general conjecture, and it can be used to produce new Salem sets from old ones. Further, we investigate lower bounds on the measure and dimension of

R
Y
+
Z

RY+Z

for

R
⊂
(
0
,
∞
)

R\subset (0,\infty )

and arbitrary

Y
Y

and

Z
Z

; these latter results provide a generalized variant of some theorems of Wolff and Oberlin in which

Y
Y

is the unit sphere.
Appropriate deprescribing in older people: a challenging necessityCommentary to accompany themed collection on deprescribing
Authors: van der Velde Nathalie , Minhas Jatinder S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Older people are often taking several medications for a number of different medical conditions. Although physicians prescribe medications to treat diseases and symptoms, there may be also harmful side effects, especially so in older people taking several medications. Unfortunately, regular review of the benefits or risks of prescribed medications is as of yet not part of standard care. Also, data on how and in whom to stop medications in older people are scarce. The reason this is an important area of work is that medication related issues in older people are a common cause of harm, including both expected and unexpected effects of medications. Research to date tells us that to ensure successful implementation of structured and appropriate deprescribing, careful planning within hospital systems is needed. This includes involving different members of the team to ensure the patients truly benefit. The themed collection published on the Age and Ageing journal website offers key articles providing tools to assist decision-making, implementation strategies and multidisciplinary interventions—all with the aim of improving patient outcome and sustainability of deprescribing approaches.
Improved prediction of protein–protein interaction using a hybrid of functional-link Siamese neural network and gradient boosting machines
Authors: Mahapatra Satyajit , Sahu Sitanshu Sekhar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, for accurate prediction of protein–protein interaction (PPI), a novel hybrid classifier is developed by combining the functional-link Siamese neural network (FSNN) with the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) classifier. The hybrid classifier (FSNN-LGBM) uses the fusion of features derived using pseudo amino acid composition and conjoint triad descriptors. The FSNN extracts the high-level abstraction features from the raw features and LGBM performs the PPI prediction task using these abstraction features. On performing 5-fold cross-validation experiments, the proposed hybrid classifier provides average accuracies of 98.70 and 98.38%, respectively, on the intraspecies PPI data sets of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Helicobacter pylori. Similarly, the average accuracies for the interspecies PPI data sets of the Human-Bacillus and Human-Yersinia data sets are 98.52 and 97.40%, respectively. Compared with the existing methods, the hybrid classifier achieves higher prediction accuracy on the independent test sets and network data sets. The improved prediction performance obtained by the FSNN-LGBM makes it a flexible and effective PPI prediction model.
AdaTiSS: a novel data-Adaptive robust method for identifyingTissueSpecificityScores
Authors: Wang Meng , Jiang Lihua , Snyder Michael P 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivationAccurately detecting tissue specificity (TS) in genes helps researchers understand tissue functions at the molecular level. The Genotype-Tissue Expression project is one of the publicly available data resources, providing large-scale gene expressions across multiple tissue types. Multiple tissue comparisons and heterogeneous tissue expression make it challenging to accurately identify tissue specific gene expression. How to distinguish the inlier expression from the outlier expression becomes important to build the population level information and further quantify the TS. There still lacks a robust and data-adaptive TS method taking into account heterogeneities of the data.ResultsWe found that the key to identify tissue specific gene expression is to properly define a concept of expression population. In a linear regression problem, we developed a novel data-adaptive robust estimation approach (AdaReg) based on density-power-weight under unknown outlier distribution and non-vanishing outlier proportion. The Gaussian-population mixture model was considered in the setting of identifying TS. We took into account heterogeneities of gene expression and applied the robust data-adaptive procedure to estimate the population parameters. With the well-estimated population parameters, we constructed the AdaTiSS algorithm.Our AdaTiSS profiled TS for each gene and each tissue, which standardized the gene expression in terms of TS. We provided a new robust and powerful tool to the literature of defining TS.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/mwgrassgreen/AdaTiSS.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal cancer following oesophageal atresia repair: a systematic review
Authors: Tullie L , Kelay A , Bethell G S , Major C , Hall N J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Concern exists that patients born with oesophageal atresia (OA) may be at high risk for Barrett’s oesophagus (BO), a known malignant precursor to the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Screening endoscopy has a role in early BO identification but is not universal in this population. This study aimed to determine prevalence of BO after OA repair surgery, to quantify the magnitude of this association and inform the need for screening and surveillance.

Methods
A systematic review, undertaken according to PRISMA guidelines, was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42017081001). PubMed and EMBASE were interrogated using a standardized search strategy on 31 July 2020. Included papers, published in English, reported either: one or more patients with either BO (gastric/intestinal metaplasia) or oesophageal cancer in patients born with OA; or long-term (greater than 2 years) follow-up after OA surgery with or without endoscopic screening or surveillance.

Results
Some 134 studies were identified, including 19 case reports or series and 115 single- or multi-centre cohort studies. There were 13 cases of oesophageal cancer (9 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 adenocarcinoma) with a mean age at diagnosis of 40.5 (range 20–47) years. From 6282 patients under long-term follow-up, 317 patients with BO were reported. Overall prevalence of BO was 5.0 (95 per cent c.i. 4.5 to 5.6) per cent, with a mean age at detection of 13.8 years (range 8 months to 56 years). Prevalence of BO in series reporting endoscopic screening or surveillance was 12.8 (95 per cent c.i. 11.3 to 14.5) per cent.

Conclusion
Despite a limited number of cancers, the prevalence of BO in patients born with OA is relatively high. While limited by the quality of available evidence, this review suggests endoscopic screening and surveillance may be warranted, but uncertainties remain over the design and effectiveness of any putative programme.
Non-invasive transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation improves myocardial performance in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Lai Yanqiu , Zhou Xiaoya , Guo Fuding , Jin Xiaoxing , Meng Guannan , Zhou Liping , Chen Hu , Liu Zhihao , Yu Lilei , Jiang Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
The clinical use of antitumour agent doxorubicin (DOX) is hampered by its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Development of highly efficient and safe adjuvant intervention for preventing DOX-induced adverse cardiac events is urgently needed. We aimed to investigate whether transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) plays a cardio-protective role in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Methods and results
Healthy male adult Sprague Dawley rats were used in the experiment and were randomly divided into four groups including control, DOX, tVNS, and DOX+tVNS groups. A cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg DOX was intraperitoneally injected into rats to generate cardiotoxicity. Non-invasive tVNS was conducted for 6 weeks (30 min/day). After 6-week intervention, the indices from the echocardiography revealed that tVNS significantly improved left ventricular function compared to the DOX group. The increased malondialdehyde and Interleukin-1β, and decreased superoxide dismutase were observed in the DOX group, while tVNS significantly prevented these changes. From cardiac histopathological analysis, the DOX+tVNS group showed a mild myocardial damage, and decreases in cardiac fibrosis and myocardial apoptosis compared to the DOX group. Heart rate variability analysis showed that tVNS significantly inhibited DOX-induced sympathetic hyperactivity compared to the DOX group. Additionally, the results of RNA-sequencing analysis showed that there were 245 differentially expressed genes in the DOX group compared to the control group, among which 39 genes were down-regulated by tVNS and most of these genes were involved in immune system. Moreover, tVNS significantly down-regulated the relative mRNA expressions of chemokine-related genes and macrophages recruitment compared to the DOX group.

Conclusion
These results suggest that tVNS prevented DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by rebalancing autonomic tone, ameliorating cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. Notably, crosstalk between autonomic neuromodulation and innate immune cells macrophages mediated by chemokines might be involved in the underlying mechanisms.
Perception of Cancer Risk and Management Practice for Colitis-associated Dysplasia Is Influenced by Colonoscopy Experience and Workplace Affiliation: Results of an International Clinician Survey
Authors: Kabir Misha , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Hart Ailsa L , Wilson Ana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
A successful colitis cancer surveillance programme requires effective action to be taken when dysplasia is detected. This is the first international cross-sectional study to evaluate clinician understanding of dysplasia-cancer risk and management practice since the most recent international guidelines were introduced in 2015.

Methods
A 15-item international online survey was disseminated to gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons.

Results
A total of 294 clinicians [93.5% gastroenterologists] from 60 countries responded; 23% did not have access to high-definition chromoendoscopy. University hospitals were more likely than non-academic workplaces to provide second expert histopathologist review [67% vs 46%; p = 0.002] and formal multidisciplinary team meeting discussion [73% vs 52%; p = 0.001] of dysplasia cases. Perceptions of 5-year cancer risk associated with endoscopically unresectable low-grade dysplasia varied between 0% and 100%. Non-academic hospital affiliation was predictive of lower perceived cancer risks. Although most [98.4%] respondents advised a colectomy for endoscopically unresectable visible high-grade dysplasia, only 34.4% advised a colectomy for unresectable visible low-grade dysplasia. Respondents from university hospitals were more likely to consider colectomy for multifocal low-grade dysplasia (odds ratio [OR] 2.17). If invisible unifocal low-grade dysplasia was detected, continued surveillance over colectomy was the preferred management among clinicians working mainly in private clinics [OR 9.4] and least preferred in those who had performed more than 50 surveillance colonoscopies [OR 0.41].

Conclusions
Clinicians with less surveillance colonoscopy experience and from non-academic centres appear to have lower cancer risk perceptions and are less likely to advocate colectomy for higher-risk low-grade dysplasia. Further education may align current management practice with clinical guidelines.
Interspecies signaling affects virulence related morphological characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes M3
Authors: Banerji Rajashri , Saroj Sunil D 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive human-specific pathogen that asymptomatically colonizes the human respiratory tract. The factors affecting the colonization to the host is not clearly understood. Adherence of the pathogen to host epithelial cell is the initial step for a successful colonization process. In the host, bacteria live in a polymicrobial community; thus, the signaling mediated between the bacteria plays a significant role in the colonization of the pathogen to the host. Thus, the effect of acyl-homoserine lactone, secreted by Gram-negative bacteria on the adhesion properties of S. pyogenes M3 strain was examined. N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (Oxo-C12) increased the cell size as well as hydrophobicity of S. pyogenes. qPCR data revealed that the expression of sagA and hasA was negatively affected by Oxo-C12. Moreover, Oxo-C12 leads to changes in the morphological characteristic of S. pyogenes, further promoting adherence to host epithelia and biofilm formation on abiotic surface. The study demonstrates the role of Oxo-C12 as a factor that can promote virulence in S. pyogenes M3.