bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and crystal structure of the one-dimensional chain triphenyltin compound bridged by 5-chloro-6-hydroxynicotinic acid
Authors: Gao Zhongjun , Zhang Haifeng , Sha Jingquan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reaction of 5-chloro-6-hydroxynicotinic acid with Ph3SnCl and sodium ethoxide in 1:1:1 stoichiometry yielded triphenyltin compound. This compound has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the molecular structure of the title compound, the tin atoms are five-coordinated in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The resulting structure is 1D linear polymer through an interaction between the O atoms of phenolic hydroxide and tin atoms of an adjacent molcule. The compound exhibit high antitumor activity.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2Sn-1.95Ca-0.5Ce alloy with different extrusion speeds
Authors: Wu Jianxun , Shu Hong , Zhang Maochao , Chen Yungui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Effects of extrusion speeds (0.3, 1.2, 1.8 and 3.5 mm s−1) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg–2Sn–1.95Ca–0.5Ce (TXCe220) alloy were analyzed by various detection methods in this article. The results have revealed that extrusion speed exerts a prominent influence towards grain size, recrystallization fraction and texture. As the extrusion speed increases, the microstructure characteristics transform from bimodal grain morphology to the near complete dynamical recrystallization (DRX). The tensile yield strength of TXCe220 decreased from 365 MPa to 180 MPa accompanied by the elongation increasing from 4.0 % to 19.4 % when the ram speed rises from 0.3 mm s−1 to 3.5 mm/s. The high yield strength of low-speed extruded alloys should be mainly ascribed to the nano-scale Mg2Ca with diameter of 30–80 nm precipitates, fine DRX grains and strong texture.
Ising spin configurations with the deep learning method
Authors: Zhang Yihang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we explore the statistical system's configuration generation with generative models from Deep Learning to go beyond conventional Monte Carlo methods. Specifically, we devise a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) for the Ising system spin configuration generation, and we demonstrate it's working outside the training range of temperature for the ensemble of configurations. Being different from the original GAN design, we add a further recognizer network for the constraint on the conditional parameters (in our case temperature) and also provide a diversity benefit for the generative model. We showed that the newly proposed cGAN here can learn the distribution of the Ising model for different temperatures, which can generate spin configuration efficiently with correct (within a probability distribution) temperature estimation for the microscopic configurations. Moreover, without information about criticality provided inside the training data set, it is also shown that the developed cGAN can generate Ising spin configurations around the phase transition point with the order parameter (mean magnetization) reasonably well-match to the conventional MCMC simulation but with parallel sampling advantage. We also compared typical spin configurations from cGAN with specified conditional temperature to be the critical temperature with samples simulated by MCMC, which visibly is not distinguishable. This thus can possibly help to avoid critical slowing-down as shown in the traditional Monte Carlo method.
Progress and prospects of thermo-mechanical energy storage—a critical review
Authors: Olympios Andreas V , McTigue Joshua D , Farres-Antunez Pau , Tafone Alessio , Romagnoli Alessandro , Li Yongliang , Ding Yulong , Steinmann Wolf-Dieter , Wang Liang , Chen Haisheng , Markides Christos N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The share of electricity generated by intermittent renewable energy sources is increasing (now at 26% of global electricity generation) and the requirements of affordable, reliable and secure energy supply designate grid-scale storage as an imperative component of most energy transition pathways. The most widely deployed bulk energy storage solution is pumped-hydro energy storage (PHES), however, this technology is geographically constrained. Alternatively, flow batteries are location independent and have higher energy densities than PHES, but remain associated with high costs and short lifetimes, which highlights the importance of developing and utilizing additional larger-scale, longer-duration and long-lifetime energy storage alternatives. In this paper, we review a class of promising bulk energy storage technologies based on thermo-mechanical principles, which includes: compressed-air energy storage, liquid-air energy storage and pumped-thermal electricity storage. The thermodynamic principles upon which these thermo-mechanical energy storage (TMES) technologies are based are discussed and a synopsis of recent progress in their development is presented, assessing their ability to provide reliable and cost-effective solutions. The current performance and future prospects of TMES systems are examined within a unified framework and a thermo-economic analysis is conducted to explore their competitiveness relative to each other as well as when compared to PHES and battery systems. This includes carefully selected thermodynamic and economic methodologies for estimating the component costs of each configuration in order to provide a detailed and fair comparison at various system sizes. The analysis reveals that the technical and economic characteristics of TMES systems are such that, especially at higher discharge power ratings and longer discharge durations, they can offer promising performance (round-trip efficiencies higher than 60%) along with long lifetimes (>30 years), low specific costs (often below 100 $ kWh−1), low ecological footprints and unique sector-coupling features compared to other storage options. TMES systems have significant potential for further progress and the thermo-economic comparisons in this paper can be used as a benchmark for their future evolution.
Monochromatic image reconstruction via machine learning
Authors: Cong Wenxiang , Xi Yan , De Man Bruno , Wang Ge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a nondestructive imaging technique to reconstruct cross-sectional images of an object using x-ray measurements taken from different view angles for medical diagnosis, therapeutic planning, security screening, and other applications. In clinical practice, the x-ray tube emits polychromatic x-rays, and the x-ray detector array operates in the energy-integrating mode to acquire energy intensity. This physical process of x-ray imaging is accurately described by an energy-dependent non-linear integral equation on the basis of the Beer–Lambert law. However, the non-linear model is not invertible using a computationally efficient solution and is often approximated as a linear integral model in the form of the Radon transform, which basically loses energy-dependent information. This approximate model produces an inaccurate quantification of attenuation images, suffering from beam-hardening effects. In this paper, a machine learning-based approach is proposed to correct the model mismatch to achieve quantitative CT imaging. Specifically, a one-dimensional network model is proposed to learn a non-linear transform from a training dataset to map a polychromatic CT image to its monochromatic sinogram at a pre-specified energy level, realizing virtual monochromatic (VM) imaging effectively and efficiently. Our results show that the proposed method recovers high-quality monochromatic projections with an average relative error of less than 2%. The resultant x-ray VM imaging can be applied for beam-hardening correction, material differentiation and tissue characterization, and proton therapy treatment planning.
The Association of the Parent–Child Language Acculturation Gap with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Results from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth)
Authors: LeCroy Madison N , Strizich Garrett M , Gallo Linda C , Perreira Krista P , Ayala Guadalupe X , Carnethon Mercedes R , Delamater Alan M , Gonzalez Jeffrey S , Arredondo Elva M , Pulgaron Elizabeth R , Isasi Carmen R 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately burdened by obesity and have a high prevalence of prediabetes and dyslipidemia. Differences in parent and child acculturation related to language use and preference (i.e., language acculturation) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic health behaviors, but no study has examined associations with cardiometabolic markers.PurposeTo determine whether discordance in parent–child language acculturation (parent–child acculturation gap) was associated with poor youth cardiometabolic health.MethodsHispanic/Latino 8–16-year-olds (n = 1,466) and parents from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) were examined. Mean scores for the Brief ARSMA-II’s Anglo (AOS) and Latino (LOS) Orientation Scales represented language acculturation. Cardiometabolic markers included youth body mass index (BMI) percentile, blood pressure percentiles, and dysglycemia and hyperlipidemia measures. Missing data were imputed. Survey-weighted multivariable linear regression examined the association of youth, parent, and youth × parent (the acculturation gap) AOS and LOS scores separately with each cardiometabolic marker.ResultsYouth reported greater English and lower Spanish use than parents. Greater discordance in AOS scores was associated with elevated BMI percentile only (p-for-interaction &lt; .01). The LOS acculturation gap was not associated with any outcome. Adjustment for acculturative stress, family functioning and closeness, parenting style, and youth’s diet and physical activity did not alter findings. Removal of nonsignificant acculturation gaps did not indicate an association between individual youth or parent AOS or LOS scores and any cardiometabolic marker.ConclusionsDiscordance in Hispanic/Latino parent–child dyads’ English use may relate to increased risk for childhood obesity. Future studies should identify mediators of this association.
Exploring the Role of Supplemental Foods for Improved Greenhouse Biological Control
Authors: Benson Carly M , Labbe Roselyne M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmall modifications in greenhouse agroenvironments can have a big impact on the success of biological control programs. For instance, the application of supplemental foods during and after the release of natural enemies onto crop plants, could considerably improve their long-term reproductive and population growth prospects. As such, food supplementation represents a valuable biological control supportive strategy, helping to grow natural enemy populations before pest establishment, akin to creating a standing-army to defend crops against future pest invasions. In many places of the world, food supplementation represents a relatively new but growing component or biological control research, with increasingly better resources available to guide producers, IPM practitioners, or researchers wanting to apply or optimize such strategies to their local agents and environments. In this review, we summarize the current stage of knowledge associated with various supplemental food types, which work best to support specific beneficial arthropods as well as some tools and techniques for successfully applying this biological control-enhancing strategy. We also summarize some current challenges to the use of supplemental foods and discuss what future research is needed to adapt and optimize food supplementation for a diversity of natural enemy species.
Comprehensive benchmarking of software for mapping whole genome bisulfite data: from read alignment to DNA methylation analysis
Authors: Nunn Adam , Otto Christian , Stadler Peter F , Langenberger David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing is currently at the forefront of epigenetic analysis, facilitating the nucleotide-level resolution of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) on a genome-wide scale. Specialized software have been developed to accommodate the unique difficulties in aligning such sequencing reads to a given reference, building on the knowledge acquired from model organisms such as human, or Arabidopsis thaliana. As the field of epigenetics expands its purview to non-model plant species, new challenges arise which bring into question the suitability of previously established tools. Herein, nine short-read aligners are evaluated: Bismark, BS-Seeker2, BSMAP, BWA-meth, ERNE-BS5, GEM3, GSNAP, Last and segemehl. Precision-recall of simulated alignments, in comparison to real sequencing data obtained from three natural accessions, reveals on-balance that BWA-meth and BSMAP are able to make the best use of the data during mapping. The influence of difficult-to-map regions, characterized by deviations in sequencing depth over repeat annotations, is evaluated in terms of the mean absolute deviation of the resulting methylation calls in comparison to a realistic methylome. Downstream methylation analysis is responsive to the handling of multi-mapping reads relative to mapping quality (MAPQ), and potentially susceptible to bias arising from the increased sequence complexity of densely methylated reads.
Post-thyroidectomy bleeding: analysis of risk factors from a national registry
Authors: Doran H E , Wiseman S M , Palazzo F F , Chadwick D , Aspinall S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage occurs in 1–2 per cent of patients, one-quarter requiring bedside clot evacuation. Owing to the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage, previous British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons (BAETS) guidance has been that day-case thyroidectomy could not be endorsed. This study aimed to review the best currently available UK data to evaluate a recent change in this recommendation.

Methods
The UK Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery was analysed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage from 2004 to 2018.

Results
Reoperation for bleeding occurred in 1.2 per cent (449 of 39 014) of all thyroidectomies. In multivariable analysis male sex, increasing age, redo surgery, retrosternal goitre and total thyroidectomy were significantly correlated with an increased risk of reoperation for bleeding, and surgeon monthly thyroidectomy rate correlated with a decreased risk. Estimation of variation in bleeding risk from these predictors gave low pseudo-R2 values, suggesting that bleeding is unpredictable. Reoperation for bleeding occurred in 0.9 per cent (217 of 24 700) of hemithyroidectomies, with male sex, increasing age, decreasing surgeon volume and redo surgery being risk factors. The mortality rate following thyroidectomy was 0.1 per cent (23 of 38 740). In a multivariable model including reoperation for bleeding node dissection and age were significant risk factors for mortality.

Conclusion
The highest risk for bleeding occurred following total thyroidectomy in men, but overall bleeding was unpredictable. In hemithyroidectomy increasing surgeon thyroidectomy volume reduces bleeding risk. This analysis supports the revised BAETS recommendation to restrict day-case thyroid surgery to hemithyroidectomy performed by high-volume surgeons, with caution in the elderly, men, patients with retrosternal goitres, and those undergoing redo surgery.
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management— New Paradigm Shift Narratives
Authors: Bayer Arnold S , Chambers Henry F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a major infectious disease problem due to the increasing numbers of patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. PVE can present diagnostic difficulties echocardiographically, especially when complicating transvascular placement techniques. Moreover, outbreaks of unusual PVE pathogens, such as Mycobacterium chimaera, have presented major diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.
Surgery is an option in evolving myocardial infarction induced by spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a case report
Authors: Al Mahruqi Ghaitha , Alsabti Hilal , Mukaddirov Mirdavron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has emerged as one of the important yet rare causes of acute coronary syndrome that primarily affect young peripartum women without cardiovascular risk factors. Despite the recent improvements in diagnosis and recognition of the importance of SCAD, it remains poorly studied and there has been no consensus of opinion regarding its optimal management.

Case summary
A 29-year-old breastfeeding woman presented with 1-day history of severe chest pain radiating to the jaw and both shoulders. Cardiovascular examination, 12 leads electrocardiogram, and echocardiography were normal. Troponin levels were elevated; hence, coronary angiogram was done and showed type 2 SCAD of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The patient was managed conservatively. The next day, she started again to complain of severe chest pain and her troponin levels continued to rise. Repeated coronary angiogram revealed progression of the previous LAD dissection. Another dissection was also noticed in the left circumflex artery. Chest pain recurred over the night and her troponin levels continued to rise. An emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed. The patient was doing well postoperatively and was discharged home on Day 8.

Discussion
Our patient presented with acute ischaemic changes secondary to SCAD. The report illustrates the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic work up, and the possible therapeutic options of SCAD, which include conservative management and CABG. The management varies depending on the clinical presentation and the extent of the coronary artery dissection.
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with aortic stenosis and severe coronary artery disease: a case report
Authors: Ahsan Majid , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Rassaf Tienush , Lind Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) often present with multiple comorbidities and suffer from critical coronary artery disease (CAD). Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the therapy of choice for moderate to high-risk patients. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (v-a-ECMO) offers the possibility of temporary cardiac support to manage life-threatening critical situations.Case summaryHere, we describe the management of a patient with severe AS and CAD with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We used v-a-ECMO as an emergency strategy in cardiogenic shock during a high-risk coronary intervention to stabilize the patient, and as a further bridge to TAVR.DiscussionVery high-risk patients with severe AS are unlikely to tolerate the added risk of surgical aortic valve replacement. Using ECMO may help them to benefit from TAVR as the only treatment option available.
Is open window thoracostomy the only method to control infection in patients with an empyema following pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer?
Authors: Wotton Robin , Garner Megan , Salem Agni , Buderi Silviu 
Published: January 2021

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiothoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed: Is open window thoracostomy (OWT) the only method to control infection in patients with an empyema following pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer? Altogether 442 papers were found using the reported search, of which 9 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Empyema following anatomical lung resection (excluding pneumonectomy) is an uncommon complication but one that remains a challenge to treat effectively. Chest tube thoracostomy and intravenous antibiotics remain the initial steps to management, but evidence is lacking with regard to the best ongoing strategy. Conservative options including chest cavity irrigation, postural drainage and vacuum-assisted closure have been attempted with some success, even in the presence of a broncho-pleural fistula. However, the very limited number of patients on which these various management strategies have been trialled on prevents recommendations and clear guidance being given.
Performance assessment of solar chimney power plants with the impacts of divergent and convergent chimney geometry
Authors: Cuce Erdem , Saxena Abhishek , Cuce Pinar Mert , Sen Harun , Guo Shaopeng , Sudhakar K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Influence of area ratio (AR) on main performance parameters of solar chimney power plants (SCPPs) is investigated through a justified 3D axisymmetric CFD model. Geometric characteristics of Manzanares pilot plant (MPP) are taken into consideration for the numerical model. AR is varied from 0.5 to 10 to cover both concave and convex (convergent and divergent) solar chimney designs. Following the accuracy verification of the CFD results and proving mesh-independent solution, main performance oriented parameters are assessed as a function of AR such as velocity, temperature and pressure distribution within MPP, temperature rise of air in collector, mass flow rate of air around the turbine area, dynamic pressure difference across the turbine, minimum static pressure in the entire plant, power output and system efficiency. The results reveal that AR plays a vital role in performance figures of MPP. Mass flow rate of air ($\dot{m}$) is found to be 1122.1 kg/s for the reference geometry (AR = 1), whereas it is 1629.1 kg/s for the optimum AR value of 4. System efficiency (η) is determined to be 0.29% for the reference case; however, it is enhanced to 0.83% for the AR of 4.1. MPP can generate 54.3 kW electrical power in its current design while it is possible to improve this figure to 168.5 kW with the optimal AR value.
Encompassing Tests for Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall Multistep Forecasts Based on Inference on the Boundary
Authors: Dimitriadis Timo , Liu Xiaochun , Schnaitmann Julie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose forecast encompassing tests for the expected shortfall (ES) jointly with the value at risk (VaR) based on flexible link (or combination) functions. Our setup allows testing encompassing for convex forecast combinations and for link functions that preclude crossings of the combined VaR and ES forecasts. As the tests based on these link functions involve parameters that are on the boundary of the parameter space under the null hypothesis, we derive and base our tests on nonstandard asymptotic theory on the boundary. Our simulation study shows that the encompassing tests based on our new link functions outperform tests based on unrestricted linear link functions for one-step and multistep forecasts. We further illustrate the potential of the proposed tests in a real data analysis for forecasting VaR and ES of the S&P 500 index.