bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers, facilitators, preferences and expectations of joint protection programmes for patients with hand arthritis: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bobos Pavlos , MacDermid Joy , Ziebart Christina , Boutsikari Eleni , Lalone Emily , Ferreira Louis , Grewal Ruby 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThe objective of this survey was to investigate the barriers, facilitators, expectations and patient preferences regarding joint protection (JP) programmes in people with hand arthritis.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTertiary clinic.ParticipantsPatients with hand arthritis: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and other forms of arthritis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThis study used a survey among people with hand arthritis. Descriptive statistics and percentages were reported for all the data about the barriers, facilitators and preferences around JP.ResultsA total of 192 patients consented to participate. Most of the patients (82%) were unaware of JP. Factors that may act as barriers to participation and were regarded as ‘a very big concern’ were: cost of the programme (44%), time of offering the programme (39%), work commitments (36%) and having a centre/clinic close to the house (28%). Factors that may act as facilitators and rated as ‘extremely helpful’ were: research that shows that JP works (26%) and having the centre/clinic close to the house (25%). An online format for JP was the most preferred option (54%). Half (46%) preferred a timeframe of 1 hour, three times per week and 44% preferred a 2-hour programme, for three times per week.ConclusionsAwareness of the potential benefits of JP, and prior experience with JP programme were very low. Common potentially modifiable patient-reported barriers to participate in future JP interventions, included: cost, work commitments, distance from home to clinic and times that the intervention were provided. These barriers might be addressed with free and accessible forms of delivery of JP, which may lead to better uptake and participation in JP programmes.
Individual non-esterified fatty acids and incident atrial fibrillation late in life
Authors: Pellegrini Cara N , Buzkova Petra , Lichtenstein Alice H , Matthan Nirupa R , Ix Joachim H , Siscovick David S , Heckbert Susan R , Tracy Russell P , Mukamal Kenneth J , Djoussé Luc , Kizer Jorge R 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveObesity and dysmetabolism are major risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). Expansion of fat depots is associated with increased circulating total non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), elevated levels of which are associated with incident AF. We undertook comprehensive serum measurement of individual NEFA to identify specific associations with new-onset AF late in life.MethodsThe present study focused on participants with available serum and free of AF selected from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based longitudinal investigation of older US adults. Thirty-five individual NEFAs were measured by gas chromatography. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of individual NEFAs with incident AF.ResultsThe study sample included 1872 participants (age 77.7±4.4). During median follow-up of 11.3 years, 715 cases of incident AF occurred. After concurrent adjustment of all NEFAs and full adjustment for potential confounders, higher serum concentration of nervonic acid (24:1 n-9), a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, was associated with higher risk of AF (HR per SD: 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.29; p<0.001). Conversely, higher serum concentration of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3 n-6), a polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acid, was associated with lower risk of AF (HR per SD: 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.94; p=0.004). None of the remaining NEFAs was significantly associated with AF.ConclusionsAmong older adults, serum levels of non-esterified nervonic acid were positively associated, while serum levels of non-esterified GLA were inversely associated, with incident AF. If confirmed, these results could offer new strategies for AF prevention and early intervention in this segment of the population at highest risk.
H1jet, a fast program to compute transverse momentum distributions
Authors: Lind Alexander , Banfi Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present H1jet, a fast code that computes the total cross section and differential distribution in the transverse momentum of a colour singlet. In its current version, the program implements only leading-order $$2\rightarrow 1$$

2
→
1

and $$2\rightarrow 2$$

2
→
2

processes, but could be extended to higher orders. We discuss the processes implemented in H1jet, give detailed instructions on how to implement new processes, and perform comparisons to existing codes. This tool, mainly designed for theorists, can be fruitfully used to assess deviations of selected new physics models from the Standard Model behaviour, as well as to quickly obtain distributions of relevance for Standard Model phenomenology.
Phase space of multi-fluid universe in F(T)-gravity and some enhancements for the oscillating interaction model
Authors: Tajahmad Behzad , Motavalli Hossein 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe filled with various cosmological fluids has been considered by Odintsov et al. (Phys Rev D 96:044022, 2017) from phase space vantage point where various expressions for the Equation-of-State (EoS) parameter were studied. Since these types of EoS parameters are generative of appreciable results in the Hilbert–Einstein model, hence we intend to investigate all the cases in a homogeneous F(T)-gravity (T is the torsion) through phase space analysis in precise detail. In short, three viable models of interaction between dark matter and dark energy, including usual-type, power-law type, and oscillating type, are investigated comprehensively. It is indicated that the power-law interaction in the related dynamical systems should be of increasing nature with time to get more critical points. Due to the failure of the oscillating model of Odintsov et al. (2017) in F(T)-gravity, four modified models are suggested and examined in both F(T) and Hilbert–Einstein models. As to be seen, the modified models not only are generative of critical points equivalent to that of Odintsov et al. (2017), but also give rise to further critical points covering crucial stages of the evolution of the universe. In the context of these four models, such as the old one, at early times the interactions are negligible and they commence to grow as the cosmic time approaches the late-time in which the unification of early inflation and late acceleration is obtained. Using an indirect method, it is shown that the oscillating models have substantial roles in transitions between eras.
Distinguishing magnetically and electrically charged Reissner–Nordström black holes by magnetized particle motion
Authors: Juraeva Nozima , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Palvanov Satimbay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, we investigate the dynamics of magnetized particles around magnetically and electrically Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole. The main idea of the work is to distinguish the effects of electric and magnetic charges of the RN black hole and spin of the rotating Kerr black hole through the dynamics of the magnetized particles. In this study, we have treated a magnetized neutron star as a magnetized test particle, in particular, the magnetar SGR (PSR) J1745-2900 orbiting around the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (SMBH SgrA*) with the magnetic interaction parameter $$b=0.716$$

b
=
0.716

and the parameter $$\beta =10.2$$

β
=
10.2

. The comparison of the effects of the magnetic and electric charges, and magnetic interaction parameters on the dynamics of the magnetar modeled as a magnetized particle near the SMBH Sgr A* has shown that the magnetic charge of the RN black hole can mimic the spin parameter of a rotating Kerr black hole up to $$a/M \simeq 0.82$$

a
/
M
≃
0.82

. The external magnetic field can mimic the magnetic charge of the RN black hole up to $$Q_m/M=0.4465$$

Q
m

/
M
=
0.4465

. We have shown that the electric charge of the RN black hole can mimic the black hole magnetic charge up to $$Q_m/M=0.5482$$

Q
m

/
M
=
0.5482

and the magnetic field interaction with the magnetized particle acts against the increase of the mimicking value of the black hole spin parameter. The studies may be helpful to explain the observability of radio pulsars around the SMBH SgrA* system and taking it as a real astrophysical laboratory to get more precise constraints on the central black hole and dominated parameters of the alternate gravity. Finally, we have investigated the effects of magnetic and electric charge of the RN black hole in the center-of-mass energy of head-on collisions of magnetized particles with neutral, electrically charged, and magnetized particles. Both electric and magnetic charges of the RN black hole would lead to an increase in the center of the mass–energy of the collisions.
Gut Microbiota Condition the Therapeutic Efficacy of Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Di Modica Martina , Gargari Giorgio , Regondi Viola , Bonizzi Arianna , Arioli Stefania , Belmonte Beatrice , De Cecco Loris , Fasano Elena , Bianchi Francesca , Bertolotti Alessia , Tripodo Claudio , Villani Laura , Corsi Fabio , Guglielmetti Simone , Balsari Andrea , Triulzi Tiziana , Tagliabue Elda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota affect the response to anticancer therapies by modulating the host immune system. In this study, we investigated the impact of gut microbiota on immune-mediated trastuzumab antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of HER2-positive breast cancer and in 24 patients with primary HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing trastuzumab-containing neoadjuvant treatment. In mice, the antitumor activity of trastuzumab was impaired by antibiotic administration or fecal microbiota transplantation from antibiotic-treated donors. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota was reflected in tumors by impaired recruitment of CD4+ T cells and granzyme B–positive cells after trastuzumab treatment. Antibiotics caused reductions in dendritic cell (DC) activation and the release of IL12p70 upon trastuzumab treatment, a mechanism that was necessary for trastuzumab effectiveness in our model. In patients, lower α-diversity and lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Turicibacteraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Prevotellaceae characterized nonresponsive patients (NR) compared with those who achieved pathologic complete response (R), similar to antibiotic-treated mice. The transfer of fecal microbiota from R and NR into mice bearing HER2-positive breast cancer recapitulated the response to trastuzumab observed in patients. Fecal microbiota β-diversity segregated patients according to response and positively correlated with immune signature related to interferon (IFN) and NO2-IL12 as well as activated CD4+ T cells and activated DCs in tumors. Overall, our data reveal the direct involvement of the gut microbiota in trastuzumab efficacy, suggesting that manipulation of the gut microbiota is an optimal future strategy to achieve a therapeutic effect or to exploit its potential as a biomarker for treatment response.

Significance:
Evidence of gut microbiota involvement in trastuzumab efficacy represents the foundation for new therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating commensal bacteria to improve response in trastuzumab-resistant patients.
See related commentary by Sharma, p. 1937
The Irradiated Brain Microenvironment Supports Glioma Stemness and Survival via Astrocyte-Derived Transglutaminase 2
Authors: Berg Tracy J. , Marques Carolina , Pantazopoulou Vasiliki , Johansson Elinn , von Stedingk Kristoffer , Lindgren David , Jeannot Pauline , Pietras Elin J. , Bergström Tobias , Swartling Fredrik J. , Governa Valeria , Bengzon Johan , Belting Mattias , Axelson Håkan , Squatrito Massimo , Pietras Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in supporting glioma stemness and radioresistance. Following radiotherapy, recurrent gliomas form in an irradiated microenvironment. Here we report that astrocytes, when pre-irradiated, increase stemness and survival of cocultured glioma cells. Tumor-naïve brains increased reactive astrocytes in response to radiation, and mice subjected to radiation prior to implantation of glioma cells developed more aggressive tumors. Extracellular matrix derived from irradiated astrocytes were found to be a major driver of this phenotype and astrocyte-derived transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified as a promoter of glioma stemness and radioresistance. TGM2 levels increased after radiation in vivo and in recurrent human glioma, and TGM2 inhibitors abrogated glioma stemness and survival. These data suggest that irradiation of the brain results in the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of radiation-induced, astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix proteins may enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care radiotherapy by reducing stemness in glioma.

Significance:
These findings presented here indicate that radiotherapy can result in a tumor-supportive microenvironment, the targeting of which may be necessary to overcome tumor cell therapeutic resistance and recurrence.
Relationship of LVEF and Myocardial Scar to Long-Term Mortality Risk and Mode of Death in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Klem Igor , Klein Michael , Khan Mohammad , Yang Eric Y. , Nabi Faisal , Ivanov Alexander , Bhatti Lubna , Hayes Brenda , Graviss Edward A. , Nguyen Duc T. , Judd Robert M. , Kim Raymond J. , Heitner John F. , Shah Dipan J. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and is associated with high mortality risk from progressive heart failure and arrhythmias. Myocardial scar on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly recognized as a risk marker for adverse outcomes; however, left ventricular dysfunction remains the basis for determining a patient’s eligibility for primary prophylaxis with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. We investigated the relationship of LVEF and scar with long-term mortality and mode of death in a large cohort of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods:
This study is a prospective, longitudinal outcomes registry of 1020 consecutive patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of LVEF and scar at 3 centers.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 5.2 (interquartile range, 3.8, 6.6) years, 277 (27%) patients died. On survival analysis, LVEF ≤35% and scar were strongly associated with all-cause (log-rank test
P
=0.002 and
P
<0.001, respectively) and cardiac death (
P
=0.001 and
P
<0.001, respectively). Whereas scar was strongly related to sudden cardiac death (SCD;
P
=0.001), there was no significant association between LVEF ≤35% and SCD risk (
P
=0.57). On multivariable analysis including established clinical factors, LVEF and scar are independent risk markers of all-cause and cardiac death. The addition of LVEF provided incremental prognostic value but insignificant discrimination improvement by C-statistic for all-cause and cardiac death, but no incremental prognostic value for SCD. Conversely, scar extent demonstrated significant incremental prognostic value and discrimination improvement for all 3 end points. On net reclassification analysis, the addition of LVEF resulted in no significant improvement for all-cause death (11.0%; 95% CI, −6.2% to 25.9%), cardiac death (9.8%; 95% CI, −5.7% to 29.3%), or SCD (7.5%; 95% CI, −41.2% to 42.9%). Conversely, the addition of scar extent resulted in significant reclassification improvement of 25.5% (95% CI, 11.7% to 41.0%) for all-cause death, 27.0% (95% CI, 11.6% to 45.2%) for cardiac death, and 40.6% (95% CI, 10.5% to 71.8%) for SCD.

Conclusions:
Myocardial scar and LVEF are both risk markers for all-cause and cardiac death in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. However, whereas myocardial scar has strong and incremental prognostic value for SCD risk stratification, LVEF has no incremental prognostic value over clinical measures. Scar assessment should be incorporated into patient selection criteria for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement.
What Symmetry Can Do That Parallelism Can’t: Line Perception and Poetic Effects in the Song of Deborah (Judges 5:2–31)
Authors: Grosser Emmylou J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The concept of parallelism has framed discussions of biblical poetry for more than two centuries, but there is still no consensus on what exactly parallelism is. This study contends that consensus does not exist because the side-by-side correspondence approach of parallelism is not suited to the part-whole free-rhythm nature of biblical poetic lines. Instead, perceptual symmetry better accounts for certain aspects of poetic lines that have been understood as parallelism. Unlike parallelism, symmetry is able to account for how lines emerge in aural, free-rhythm biblical poetry, as well as how the emergence of lines is intertwined with poetic effects, as demonstrated in the Song of Deborah (Judg 5:2–31). The cognitive poetics framework of this paper shifts scholarly focus from line patterns to the perception of these stimulus patterns, taking seriously the features of the text as well as the mental processing of the active listener.
Appellate Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice: Old Wine in New Bottle
Authors: Alexander Atul , Mishra Anushna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ under the United Nations (UN) competent to decide cases submitted by the States. The Jurisdiction of the ICJ is derived from Article 36 of the ICJ statute; further, the ICJ is competent to render advisory opinions when requested by the organs and specialised agencies of the UN. Before proceeding to the merits of the case, the ICJ has to satisfy that it has jurisdiction to decide upon the case. Moreover, the decisions of the ICJ are binding without appeal, except in cases involving revision. This article briefly analyses the Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the International Civil Aviation Organisation Council (ICAO Council) under Article 84 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates v. Qatar).
The Concept of Heresy and the Debates on Descartes’s Philosophy
Authors: Goudriaan Aza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article explores connotations of ‘heresy’ in theological traditions before and during Descartes’s life. Lutheran and Reformed Protestants, themselves considered heretics by the Church of Rome, adopted the patristic heresiology while designating sixteenth-century antitrinitarian and Anabaptist teachings as heresies. Francisco Suárez and Gisbertus Voetius knew the late medieval conceptuality (e.g., Council of Konstanz, 1418). Voetius possibly thought of Descartes when describing certain philosophical views as “smacking of heresy.” This was not, however, an outright charge of heresy. In fact, Descartes’s readiness to be corrected contradicted the traditional heretical quality of “stubbornness.” Plempius’s expression “Cartesian heresy” seems to have been rare. For anti-Cartesians, the rich vocabulary of error made the complex term ‘heresy’ easily avoidable.
Informal Pew-Renting and Pew-Openers in English Anglican Churches
Authors: Bennett J.C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As opposed to formal pew-renting, which characterised less affluent Anglican churches in England, wealthier churches often used informal pew-renting. In this form, congregants were expected to “tip” pew-openers—themselves generally from the working class—a sixpence, shilling or half-a-crown, to obtain favourable seating for a single service. But the “tips” were actually bribes, and according to popular descriptions, pew-openers frequently relegated those financially unable to “tip” to much less desirable seating. Over the centuries the English clergy has endured many insulting and coarse epithets, such as calling a chicken’s backside “the parson’s nose” and referring to urination as “shaking hands with the vicar.” But no role has historically engendered so much constant suspicion and hatred as has the pew-opener. This article investigates the role of the pew-opener and the surrounding controversy, and the churches’ response to pew-openers’ behavior.
Performance of commercially-available cholesterol self-tests
Authors: Kurstjens Steef , Gemen Eugenie , Walk Selina , Njo Tjin , Krabbe Johannes , Gijzen Karlijn , Elisen Marc GLM , Kusters Ron 
Published: January 2021

Background Hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol concentration ≥5.2 mmol/L) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Many different cholesterol self-tests are readily available at general stores, pharmacies and web shops. However, there is limited information on their analytical and diagnostic performance. Methods We included 62 adult patients who required a lipid panel measurement (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and LDLcalc) for routine care. The performance of five different cholesterol self-tests, three quantitative meters ( Roche Accutrend Plus, Mission 3-in-1 and Qucare) and two semi-quantitative strip tests ( Veroval and Mylan MyTest), was assessed according to the manufacturers’ protocol. Results The average plasma cholesterol concentration was 5.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L. The mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of the five cholesterol self-tests ranged from 6 ± 5% ( Accutrend Plus) to 20 ± 12% ( Mylan Mytest). The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter showed the best diagnostic performance with a 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The Qucare and Mission 3-in-1 are able to measure HDL concentrations and can thus provide a cholesterol:HDL ratio. The Passing-Bablok regression analyses for the ratio showed poor performance in both self-tests ( Mission 3-in-1: y = 1.62x–1.20; Qucare: y = 0.61x + 1.75). The Accutrend Plus is unable to measure the plasma high-density lipoprotein concentration. Conclusions/interpretation: The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter (Roche) had excellent diagnostic and analytic performance. However, several of the commercially-available self-tests had considerably poor accuracy and diagnostic performance and therefore do not meet the required qualifications, potentially leading to erroneous results. Better regulation, standardization and harmonization of cholesterol self-tests is warranted.