bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commissioning of and preliminary experience with a new fully integrated computed tomography linac
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhao Jun , Zhang Zhen , Wang Jiazhou , Hu Weigang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeA new medical linear accelerator (linac) platform integrated with helical computed tomography (CT), the uRT‐linac 506c, was introduced into clinical application in 2019 by United Imaging Healthcare (UIH) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). It combines a Carm linac with a diagnostic‐quality 16‐slice CT imager, providing seamless workflow from simulation to treatment. The aim of this report is to assess the technical characteristics, commissioning results and preliminary experiences stemming from clinical usage.MethodsThe mechanical and imaging test procedures, commissioning data collection and TPS validation were summarized. CTIGRT accuracy was investigated with different loads and couch extensions. A series of end‐to‐end cases for different treatment sites and delivery techniques were tested preclinically to estimate the overall accuracy for the entire treatment scheme. The results of patient‐specific QA and machine stability during a one‐year operation are also reported.ResultsGantry/couch/collimator isocentricity was measured as 0.63 mm in radius. The TPS models were in agreement with the beam commissioning data within a deviation of 2%. An overall submillimeter accuracy was demonstrated for the CT‐IGRT process under all conditions. The absolute point dose difference for all the preclinical end‐to‐end tests was within 3%, and the gamma passing rate of the 2D dose distribution measured by EBT3 film was better than 90% (3% DD, 3 mm DTA and 10% threshold). Pretreatment QA of clinical cases resulted with better than 3% point dose difference and more than 99% gamma passing rate (3% DD/2 mm DTA/10% threshold) tested with Delta4. The output of the linac was mostly within 1% of variation in a one‐year operation.ConclusionThe commissioning results and clinical QA results show that the uRT‐linac 506c platform exhibits good and stable performance in mechanical and dosimetric accuracy. The integrated CT system provides an efficient workflow for image guidance with submillimeter localization precision, and will be a good starting point to proceed advanced adaptive radiotherapy.
Muscle Strength and Osteoarthritis Progression After Surgery or Exercise for Degenerative Meniscal Tears: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Berg Bjørnar , Roos Ewa M. , Kise Nina Jullum , Engebretsen Lars , Holm Inger , Risberg May Arna 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate muscle strength changes following partial meniscectomy or exercise therapy for degenerative meniscal tears and the relationship between baseline muscle strength and osteoarthritis progression.MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomized trial (n = 140 participants). Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength (peak torque [Nm/kg] and total work [J/kg]) were assessed at baseline, 3‐month, 12‐month, and 5‐year follow‐up. Between‐group differences were analyzed using intent‐to‐treat linear mixed models. The relationship between baseline muscle strength and osteoarthritis progression (Kellgren/Lawrence ≥1 grade increase) were assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsWe found statistically significant between‐group differences favoring exercise therapy at 3 months (quadriceps –0.30 Nm/kg [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –0.40, –0.20]; hamstrings –0.10 Nm/kg [95% CI –0.15, –0.04]) and 12 months (quadriceps –0.13 Nm/kg [95% CI –0.23, –0.03]; hamstrings –0.08 Nm/kg [95% CI –0.14, –0.03]). At 5 years, between‐group differences were –0.10 Nm/kg (95% CI –0.21, 0.01) for quadriceps and –0.07 Nm/kg (95% CI –0.13, –0.01) for hamstrings. Quadriceps muscle weakness at baseline was associated with knee osteoarthritis progression over 5 years, with adjusted odds ratio of 1.40 for every 0.2 Nm/kg decrease (95% CI 1.15, 1.71). The adjusted odds ratio for hamstrings was 1.14 (95% CI 0.97, 1.35) for every 0.1 Nm/kg decrease.ConclusionExercise therapy was effective in improving muscle strength at 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up compared to partial meniscectomy, but the effect was attenuated at 5 years. Quadriceps muscle weakness at baseline was associated with higher odds of osteoarthritis progression over 5 years.
Leather‐Based Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Chromisms
Authors: Jia Lu , Zeng Songshan , Ding Hao , Smith Andrew T. , LaChance Anna Marie , Farooqui Maria M. , Gao Dangge , Ma Jianzhong , Sun Luyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLeather is made from the skin of animals and possesses special micro‐ and nanostructures. Due to the high breathability, durability, strength, elasticity, and softness, leather is widely used in daily life, and is an ideal substrate for future multi‐functional wearable smart devices. Herein, two leather‐based multi‐stimuli responsive chromic devices denoted as UV/thermo/electro chromic device and UV sensor are developed. The UV/thermo/electro chromic device demonstrates instantaneous and reversible chromic responses to applied UV radiation, heat, and electrical voltage with different color changing styles. The pattern design with the assistance of 3D printed molds and the broad selection of dyes/pigments endow the device with high design flexibility and wide applicability. The leather‐based UV sensor exhibits a change in color gradient when exposed to UV radiation with different intensities. For more versatile color options, inactive pigments/dyes can be mixed with stimuli‐responsive ones in this system. Coating the leather surface with a polyacrylic finishing agent is also conducted, which is a practical and effective method to protect the pigments and/or dyes in the leather, and improves the usability/durability of the devices. This study opens a new avenue to design and develop wearable devices and individual customization/anti‐counterfeiting of leather products.
High‐Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Controllable Hierarchical Microstructures by Laser Scribing for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Du Qifeng , Liu Lanlan , Tang Ruitao , Ai Jun , Wang Zhijian , Fu Qiqi , Li Chongxiao , Chen Ying , Feng Xue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors are attracting considerable attention due to their potential applications in human health monitoring and human‐machine interfaces. However, it is hard to achieve both high sensitivity and wide linear detection range, and the complicated fabrication process restricts their practical applications. Herein, a simple and scalable fabrication process for a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide detection range has been developed by combining the silver nanowires coated, laser‐ablated hierarchical microstructured polydimethylsiloxane, and an interdigital electrode. The hierarchical microstructures contribute to the high sensitivity of 4.48 kPa−1 and increase detection range from 0 to 65 kPa. The increase in the contact area and subsequent additional contact sites of the hierarchical microstructures lead to the high‐performance. Arterial pulse, breathing, and static tremors have been measured by attaching the device to the human body. Moreover, a pressure sensor array has been fabricated to illustrate the scalability of this strategy. The results demonstrate that the flexible pressure sensor with simple and scalable fabrication capability has promising applications in wearable electronic skins.
Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Inhibition Synergizes with KRAS G12C Inhibitors in Treating Cancer through the Regulation of the FAK–YAP Signaling
Authors: Zhang Baoyuan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jiangwei , Liu Ping , Jiao Bo , Wang Zaiqi , Ren Ruibao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKRAS mutation is one of the most prevalent genetic drivers of cancer development, yet KRAS mutations are until very recently considered undruggable. There are ongoing trials of drugs that target the KRAS G12C mutation, yet acquired drug resistance from the extended use has already become a major concern. Here, it is demonstrated that KRAS G12C inhibition induces sustained activation of focal adhesive kinase (FAK) and show that a combination therapy comprising KRAS G12C inhibition and a FAK inhibitor (IN10018) achieves synergistic anticancer effects. It can simultaneously reduce the extent of drug resistance. Diverse CDX and PDX models of KRAS G12C mutant cancer are examined and synergistic benefits from the combination therapy are consistently observed. Mechanistically, it is found that both aberrant FAK–YAP signaling and FAK‐related fibrogenesis impact on the development of KRAS G12C inhibitor resistance. This study thus illustrates the mechanism of resistance of cancer to the treatment of KRAS G12C inhibitor, as well as an innovative combination therapy to improve treatment outcomes for KRAS G12C mutant cancers.
Von geordneten zu mobilen Molekülen durch Kühlen
Authors: Aeschlimann Simon , Lyu Lu , Becker Sebastian , Mousavion Sina , Speck Thomas , Elmers Hans‐Joachim , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhasenübergänge zwischen unterschiedlichen Aggregatzuständen sind in Natur und Technik allgegenwärtig. Üblicherweise schmilzt ein Kristall, wenn er erwärmt wird. Daher nutzen wir Eis, um einen Drink zu kühlen. Bereits im Jahre 1903 spekulierte Gustav Tammann über den umgekehrten Prozess des Schmelzens durch Kühlen. Bisher gibt es allerdings nur sehr wenige Beispiele für solche “inversen” Phasenübergänge, die meist auch auf extreme Bedingungen beschränkt sind. Hier zeigen wir einen inversen Phasenübergang von adsorbierten Molekülen auf einer Oberfläche. Molybdänacetat bildet bei Zimmertemperatur eine geordnete Struktur auf der (111)‐Oberfläche von Kupfer, die sich beim Kühlen auflöst. Dieser Übergang entsteht dadurch, dass die Moleküle mobil werden, d. h., wir beobachten die Mobilisierung durch Kühlen. Dieses unerwartete Phänomen kann durch die große Zahl an internen Freiheitsgraden der geordneten Phase im Vergleich zur mobilen Phase erklärt werden.
Multicatalytic Transformation of (Meth)acrylic Acids: a One‐Pot Approach to Biobased Poly(meth)acrylates
Authors: Fouilloux Hugo , Qiang Wei , Robert Carine , Placet Vincent , Thomas Christophe M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShifting from petrochemical feedstocks to renewable resources can address some of the environmental issues associated with petrochemical extraction and make plastics production sustainable. Therefore, there is a growing interest in selective methods for transforming abundant renewable feedstocks into monomers suitable for polymer production. Reported herein are one‐pot catalytic systems, that are active, productive, and selective under mild conditions for the synthesis of copolymers from renewable materials. Each system allows for anhydride formation, alcohol acylation and/or acid esterification, as well as polymerization of the formed (meth)acrylates, providing direct access to a new library of unique poly(meth)acrylates.
Increasing chemisorbed silane coupling agents in surface‐treated layer of silica particles
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Tsutsumi Ryota , Hashiguchi Chisato , Terao Toshiki , Manabe Kei , Hirai Tomoyasu , Fujii Syuji , Nakamura Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the surface treated inorganic particles with silane coupling agent (SCA), chemisorbed and physisorbed molecules are present in the treated layer. Increasing the amount of chemisorption by increasing the molecular weight of SCAs was investigated. Oligomers formed via self‐condensation during storage more than 10 days at room temperature for 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane‐treated silica particles. Monomeric SCA evaporates easily by heating. The oligomers restrict evaporation, and heating increases the chemisorption. The influence of molecular weight of SCA was investigated. In the case of amino group, the amount of chemisorbed was greater for aminoethylaminooctyltrimethoxysilane with high molecular weight than for 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane. For SCAs with hydrocarbon chains, the amount of chemisorption was lower for both low molecular weight molecules and decyltrimethoxysilane (D) with a high molecular weight. For fluorocarbon chains, the amount of chemisorption was lower for low molecular weight molecules, whereas it increased significantly by heating for high molecular weight type of 1H,1H,2H,2H‐heptadecafluorodecyltriethoxysilane (F). Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis of F‐treated silica particles showed that the fluorocarbon chains formed an ordered structure. There was no such indication for the D‐treated system. This ordered structure seems to influence on higher chemisorption for F‐treated systems.
Follow‐up spectroscopy of comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
Authors: Bischoff Richard , Mugrauer Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present spectroscopy of the coma center of comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE), carried out at the end of July 2020 with the Échelle spectrograph FLECHAS at the University Observatory Jena. The comet was observed in five nights and many prominent emission features were detected between 4,685 and 7,376 Å. Beside the C2 Swan emission bands also several emission features of the amidogen radical, as well as two forbidden lines of oxygen were identified in the FLECHAS spectra of the comet in all observing epochs. In contrast, strong sodium emission was detected only in the spectra of the comet, taken on 21 and July 23, 2020, which significantly faded between these two nights, and was no longer present in the spectra as of July 29, 2020. In this paper, we present and characterize the most prominent emission features, detected in the FLECHAS spectra of the comet, discuss their variability throughout our spectroscopic monitoring campaign, and use them to derive the radial velocity of the comet in all observing nights.
Telomere shortening in late‐life depression: A potential marker of depression severity
Authors: Mendes‐Silva Ana Paula , Vieira Erica Leandro Marciano , Xavier Gabriela , Barroso Lucelia Scarabeli Silva , Bertola Laiss , Martins Efrem Augusto Ribeiro , Brietzke Elisa Macedo , Belangero Sintia Iole Nogueira , Diniz Breno Satler 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTelomeres are structures at the extremity of chromosomes that prevents genomic instability, and its shortening seems to be a hallmark of cellular aging. Past studies have shown contradictory results of telomere length (TL) in major depression, and are a few studies in late‐life depression (LLD). This explores the association between TL as a molecular marker of aging and diagnosis of LLD, the severity of depressive symptoms, and cognitive performance in older adults.Methods/designWe included 78 older adults (45 with LLD and 33 nondepressed controls, according to DSM‐V criteria), aged 60–90 years. TL was measured in leukocytes by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, determining the relative ratio (T/S) between the telomere region copy number (T) and a single copy gene (S), using a relative standard curve.ResultsTL was significantly shorter in the LLD compared with control participants (p = .039). Comparing groups through the severity of depressive symptoms, we found a negative correlation with the severity of depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale‐21, r = −0.325, p = .004) and medical burden (r = −0.271, p = .038). There was no significant correlation between TL and cognitive performance (Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, r = 0.152, p = .21).ConclusionsWe found that older adults with LLD have shorter telomere than healthy controls, especially those with a more severe depressive episode. Our findings suggest that shorter TL can be a marker of the severity of depressive episodes in older adults and indicate that these individuals may be at higher risk of age‐associated adverse outcomes linked to depression.
Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in European preterm babies
Authors: Victor Suresh , Chew Andrew , Falconer Shona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrematurity is the leading cause of death and disability in children under 5 years of age. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the biological processes involved in preterm brain injury may help develop novel neuroprotective treatment strategies. A growing body of evidence suggest that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling is associated with inhibited brain development in preterm babies. The Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ2 decreases receptor binding affinity and consequently induces a reduction of PPARγ signaling.MethodsIn this study, we carried out a preliminary analysis of existing datasets to test the hypothesis that reduced transactivation capacity of PPARγ in the presence of the Ala variant of PPARγ2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in preterm babies.The association between PPAR‐γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and neurodevelopment at 18–24 months of age was assessed in two groups of European infants, 155 born before 33 weeks’ gestation and 180 born later than 36 weeks’ gestation using a linear regression model. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–3rd edition was administered to assess neurodevelopment at 18–24 months of age.ResultsWe observed the Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in 25% preterm infants and 20% term infants. The Ala allele of PPARγ2 was significantly associated with adverse cognitive (p = .019), language (p = .03), and motor development (p = 0.036) at 18–24 months of age after taking into consideration the duration of ventilation, gender, and index of multiple deprivation scores, but without correction for potential shared ancestry. There was no association between the PPAR‐γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and neurodevelopment in term infants.ConclusionsThese preliminary data suggest that PPARγ signaling in the presence of the Ala variant of PPARγ2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants suggesting that further studies are warranted.
Comparative Nucleosomal Reactivity of 5‐Formyl‐Uridine and 5‐Formyl‐Cytidine
Authors: Runtsch Leander Simon , Stadlmeier Michael , Schön Alexander , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract5‐Formyl‐deoxyuridine (fdU) and 5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (fdC) are formyl‐containing nucleosides that are created by oxidative stress in differentiated cells. While fdU is almost exclusively an oxidative stress lesion formed from deoxythymidine (T), the situation for fdC is more complex. Next to formation as an oxidative lesion, it is particularly abundant in stem cells, where it is more frequently formed in an epigenetically important oxidation reaction performed by α‐ketoglutarate dependent TET enzymes from 5‐methyl‐deoxycytidine (mdC). Recently, it was shown that genomic fdC and fdU can react with the ϵ‐aminogroups of nucleosomal lysines to give Schiff base adducts that covalently link nucleosomes to genomic DNA. Here, we show that fdU features a significantly higher reactivity towards lysine side chains compared with fdC. This result shows that depending on the amounts of fdC and fdU, oxidative stress may have a bigger impact on nucleosome binding than epigenetics.
A retrospective analysis of discharge summaries from a tertiary care hospital medical oncology unit: To assess compliance with documentation of recommended discharge summary components
Authors: Ge Jingwei , Davis Alison , Jain Ankit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDischarge summaries are essential for health transition between inpatient hospital teams and outpatient general practices. The patient's outcome is dependent on the quality and timeliness of discharge summaries.AimA retrospective analysis was carried out to assess the compliance with recommended documentation of 697 electronic discharge summaries (eDSs) of oncology inpatients discharged in 2018 from the Canberra Hospital according to the National Guidelines of On‐Screen Presentation of Discharge Summaries.Methods and resultsIndividual medical records were identified and screened for the recommended eDS components according to the National Guidelines. Out of the 17 recommended components, nine components were included in all discharge summaries, two components in more than 99% and two components in 95–96% of discharge summaries. The most frequently omitted components include “information provided to the patient,” “ceased medicine” and “procedures,” and these were omitted in 8, 38 and 82% of discharge summaries, respectively.ConclusionOverall, most discharge summaries adhered to the national guidelines quite well by including most of the recommended components. However, the discharge summary quality is still inadequate in some domains.
Culture of Rat Primary Cortical Cells for Microelectrode Array (MEA) Recordings to Screen for Acute and Developmental Neurotoxicity
Authors: Gerber Lora‐Sophie , van Melis Lennart V.J. , van Kleef Regina G.D.M. , de Groot Aart , Westerink Remco H.S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeurotoxicity testing of chemicals, drug candidates, and environmental pollutants still relies on extensive in vivo studies that are very costly, time‐consuming, and ethically debated due to the large number of animals typically used. Currently, rat primary cortical cultures are widely used for in vitro neurotoxicity studies, as they closely resemble the in vitro brain with respect to the diversity of cell types, their physiological functions, and the pathological processes that they undergo. Common in vitro assays for neurotoxicity screening often focus on very target‐specific endpoints such as morphological, biochemical, or electrophysiological changes, and such narrow focus can hamper translation and interpretation. Microelectrode array (MEA) recordings provide a non‐invasive platform for extracellular recording of electrical activity of cultured neuronal cells, thereby enabling the evaluation of changes in neuronal (network) function as a sensitive and integrated endpoint for neurotoxicity screening. Here, we describe an in vitro approach for assessing changes in neuronal network function as a measure for neurotoxicity, using rat primary cortical cultures grown on MEAs. We provide a detailed protocol for the culture of rat primary cortical cells, and describe several experimental procedures to address acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure scenarios. We additionally describe the steps for processing and analyzing MEA and cell viability data. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and culture of rat primary cortical cells on 48‐well MEA platesSupport Protocol 1: Pretreatment and washing of 48‐well MEA plates before first use or for re‐useSupport Protocol 2: Coating of 48‐well MEA plates with 0.1% PEI solutionBasic Protocol 2: MEA measurements during acute exposureAlternate Protocol 1: MEA measurements during subchronic exposureAlternate Protocol 2: MEA measurements during chronic exposureSupport Protocol 3: Determination of cell viability after MEA experimentsBasic Protocol 3: MEA data processingBasic Protocol 4: Analyzing MEA experiments after acute and subchronic exposureAlternate Protocol 3: Analyzing MEA experiments after chronic exposure