bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells mediate the activation of CD4+ T cells and aggravate Th1/Th2 imbalance via MHC II molecules during respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Kang Longdan , Wang Si , Wang Dalu , Wang Jia , Zheng Rui , Jiang Xiaofeng , Liu Beixing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), as an important worldwide pediatric respiratory pathogen, can cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children. CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in RSV-induced airway inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of CD4+ T cell activation during RSV infection is not fully understood.
Methods

The proliferation and activation of CD4+ T cells in the lungs of RSV infected BALB/c mice were measured by flow cytometry. RSV-induced airway inflammation was determined by HE staining and the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were counted. The protein levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the supernatant of BALF were detected by ELISA. The mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the lung homogenates were analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), CD80 and CD86 on pulmonary ILC2s were measured by flow cytometry and real-time PCR.
Results

RSV infection may promote the differentiation and activation of CD4+ Th2 cells, resulting in imbalance of Th1/Th2 in the lung tissues. Depletion of CD4+ T cells can obviously reduce airway inflammation caused by RSV infection. Adoptive transfer of pulmonary ILC2s significantly enhanced the number of pulmonary CD4+ T cells and promoted their differentiation to Th2. In fact, RSV infection increased the expression of MHC II and B7 molecules on the surface of pulmonary ILC2s. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that ILC2s may act as a promoter to promote the expansion and differentiation of RSV-infected naïve CD4+ T cells. However, blocking the interaction between ILC2s and CD4+ T cells with anti-MHC II mAbs significantly reduced CD4+ T cell expansion and increased the Th1/Th2 ratio of CD4+ T cells.
Conclusions

Our data suggest that pulmonary ILC2s may function as antigen-presenting cells to induce the activation of CD4+ T cells through MHC II pathway during RSV infection.
New Parameter Proposed for Industrial Acceptance Measurements of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Adamczak Stanisław , Domagalski Ryszard , Wrzochal Mateusz , Piotrowicz Grzegorz , Wnuk Sylwester 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The frictional moment, together with vibrations and durability, is one of the most important parameters determining the quality of bearings and their suitability for the intended applications. The frictional moment value allows for obtaining essential information about the bearing, both in terms of its structure, the quality of mating elements, cleanliness and the specific qualities of the lubricant used. Since bearings are commonly used in the automotive industry, machine industry and household appliances, the need to reduce friction in rolling bearings is critical to increase the bearing efficiency, reduce energy consumption and protect the environment. The article presents a new industrial device for testing the bearing frictional moment of rolling bearings at the stage of their production. The device is characterized by an innovative design that allows for testing a wide range of bearing dimensions, applying significant axial loads, additional measurement of the mounting width of the bearings, and most importantly, testing the cone bearings. This article presents the general assumptions and the mechanical design of the new device for measuring the frictional moment of rolling bearings, as well as the verification of the device indications based on a measurement procedure performed in industrial conditions.
Molecular Responses of Arabidopsis MET1 Cytosine Methyltransferase Mutants To Salinity
Authors: Yeşildirek Yağmur Vecide , Arıkan Burcu , Kara Neslihan Turgut 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the morphological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis met1-7 and met1-3 null mutants under salinity stress. In this context, global DNA methylation changes of mutants exposed to salt stress were compared and expressions of DRM2, Pol IV and Pol V genes known to be involved in DNA methylation in plants were analyzed. We found that met1-7 and met1-3 mutants have a higher rate of hypomethylation than Col-0 under all conditions. According to the results of gene expression analysis, the increase in expression of DRM2, Pol IV and Pol V genes involved in CNN methylation in mutants than Col-0 plant suggests that hypomethylation is directly related to CG regions, but in met1 mutants, the lack of CG methylation is tried to be compensated by RdDM. In addition, we analyzed the expression of the TERT gene as a stress response indicator in order to examine the effect of salt stress on the telomerase enzyme in met1-7 and met1-3 mutants. Contrary to expected, we found that there was an increase in the expression of TERT gene in the salt stress applied plants. Within the scope of all the data, it is thought that in met1 mutants RdDM pathway is activated in order to deal with the lack of DNA methylation in CG islands. As a conclusion, it is believed that the morphological and molecular data obtained on the effects of NaCl application to met1 mutants will help us to understand the epigenetic basis of stress mechanisms.
Associated Lipidomics, Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota Changes in CDAA-induced NAFLD Mice After Polyene Phosphatidylcholine Treatment
Authors: Zhang Jiayuan , Zang Xiaoling , Lv Jinxiao , Zhang Yicong , Lv Zhihua , Yu Mingming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in most parts of the world. Currently, there is no drug approved for the treatment of NAFLD, and polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) is an important drug for clinical doctors to treat patients with NAFLD. Through the analysis of liver index, histopathological inspection and blood routine, it was obvious that PPC could significantly improve Choline-Deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet induced NAFLD mice in the present work. We performed lipidomics and metabolomics analysis of 54 samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to Thermo LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer to select differential metabolites associated with CDAA modeling and PPC treatment. A total of 19 differential metabolites including 5 polar metabolites and 14 lipids were obtained. We inferred that the protective therapeutic effect of PPC on liver was related to the supplement of phosphatidylcholine，lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin(PC, LPC, SM) and acylcarnitine metabolism. In addition, we analyzed the gut microbiota of mice before and after modeling and treatment, significant differences in the abundance of lactobacillus associated with NAFLD were found. This study provides more reference and data for exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the therapeutic mechanism of PPC, and a methodological reference for the study of the mechanism.
Non-monotonic association between chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity status in adults
Authors: Chu Chu , Fang Qiu-Ling , Cui Xin-Xin , Qian Zhengmin(Min) , McMillin Stephen Edward , Howard Steven W. , Dong Peng-Xin , Ou Yan-Qiu , Li Qing-Qing , Wu Lu-Yin , Liang Li-Xia , Qin Shuang-Jian , Zeng Xiao-Wen , Hu Li-Wen , Xiang Ming-Deng , Dong Guang-Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESA 6:2 and 8:2), used as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives, affect lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro studies. The association between Cl-PFESAs exposure and the prevalence of overweight /obesity in human is unknown.
Objectives

We investigated associations of serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA with overweight/obesity status in adults.
Methods

We quantified four perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including 6:2 Cl-PFESA, 8:2 Cl-PFESA, PFOS, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in 1275 Chinese adults from the Isomers of C8 Health Project in China study. Participants were categorized into normal weight group [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2] and overweight/obesity group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).
Results

Adjusted for potential confounders, BMI in the second quartile of each ln-ng/mL greater concentration of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA were 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.82], and 0.39 (95% CI:0.03, 0.76) significantly higher than the lowest quartile, respectively. Cl-PFESAs displayed inverted U-shaped associations with the risk of overweight/obesity, and the inflection point of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA were 1.80 ng/mL, 0.01 ng/mL, respectively. PFOS was associated with waist circumference (WC) but not BMI in each quartile. For PFOA, the associations with outcomes were linearly positive (P for trend < 0.05).
Conclusions

This study reports the first observations on non-monotonic associations between serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA concentrations and the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults. More epidemiological investigations are required to confirm the observed associations.
A case study of impacts of wetland area on flood index characteristics and channel morphology in southern Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Assani Ali A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two characteristics (magnitude and duration-frequency) of two indices of high (Qmax, annual flooding) and low intensities (Q90) floods and the morphology (bankfull width and sinuosity) of channels were compared for the Matawin (1,390 km²) and Petite Nation (1,330 km²) rivers on the Canadian Shield, which are differentiated mainly by wetland and forest areas. Wetlands cover 9% and 15% respectively in the Matawin and Petite Nation watersheds. This comparison revealed that the magnitude of high floods (Qmax) in the Matawin River was on average about twice the magnitude of high floods in the Petite Nation River from 1945–2019. No significant difference was observed in the magnitude of low floods (Q90) between the two rivers. As for the duration-frequency of heavy floods (Qmax), it was, on average, about three times higher in the Petite Nation River watershed than in the Matawin River watershed. The opposite is true for low floods (Q90). Morphologically, this difference in the magnitude and duration-frequency of heavy floods is seen in the bankfull width and sinuosity between the channels of the two rivers. The Matawin River channel is narrower and more sinuous than the Petite Nation River channel. This study is the first to demonstrate the impact of wetlands on channel morphology for Canadian Shield rivers in southern Quebec.
Ethanopharmacological Approach to Control the Replication of 2019-nCov in Host- An Insilico Study.
Authors: Marudhadurai Thenmozhi , Mohan Suma , Kumar M.Sathish , Kumaravel S.T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
2019- nCoV viral disease threatening every individual throughout the world. It is a highly challenging task to control the spread everywhere. There are certain antiviral drugs, steroids that are currently being prescribed to infected patients for faster recovery. But there is no proper cure today for this pandemic. In this present study, we have focused on controlling the replication and other possibilities of interaction of the 2019-nCoV virus inside the host cells. There are various herbs prescribed to us to improve our immunity and prepare our bodies to fight against this pathogen. In this study, herb compounds that are selected are Andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide(AP3), Ascorbic acid, Cinnamaldehyde, Curcumin, Diallyl sulfide, Eugenol. Gingerol, Kaempferol, Deacetylnimbin, Piperine, Quercetin, thymol, thymoquinone, Vasicine based on the literature survey. Selected ligands are most of them to treat respiratory tract infections and are also related to improving humoral immunity. Selected Ligand was allowed to dock against viral proteins which Crystal Structure of the SARS COV-2 Papain-like protease (Figure 1a) (PDB ID: 6wx4), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (Figure 1b) (PDB ID: 7c2k), Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 ORF7A encoded accessory protein (Figure 1c) (PDB ID: 6w37) Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 ADP-Ribose phosphatase NSP3 Proteins (PDB ID: 6w6y), PDB ID 6zsl Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 helicase NSP13 (PDB ID: 6ZSL), Crystal structure of NSP10-NSP16 Complex (PDB ID: 7bq7), PDB ID 6xdc Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 ORF3a Protein (PDB ID: 6xdc) to study their efficacy to control the replication and possible interactions in the human system using computational docking study. A Protein-Protein interaction study was also performed to study the efficacy of papain enzyme inhibitory efficacy of selected target proteins. Molecular dynamics studies were also performed to ensure the ligand efficacy for the selected target proteins.
Changes of Adjacent Segment Biomechanics After Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion With Different Profile Design Plate: Single- Versus Double-Level
Authors: Li Xin-Feng , Jin Lin-Yu , Yin Hong-Ling , Song Xiao-Xing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Low-profile angle-stable spacer Zero-P is claimed to reduce the morbidity associated with traditional plate and cage construct (PCC). Both Zero-P and PCC could achieve comparable mid- and long-term clinical and radiological outcomes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). It is not clear whether Zero-P can reduce the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), especially in multi-segmental fusion. This study aimed to test the effect of fusion level with Zero-P versus with PCC on adjacent-segment biomechanics in ACDF. Methods:  A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of an intact C2–T1 segment was built and validated. Six single- or double-level instrumented conditions were modeled from this intact FE model using Zero-P or the standard PCC. The biomechanical responses of adjacent segments at the cephalad and caudal levels of the operation level were assessed in terms of range of motion (ROM), stresses in the endplate and disc, loads in the facets. Results: When comparing the increase of adjacent-segment motion in single-level PCC fusion versus Zero-P fusion, a significantly larger increase was found in double-level fusion condition. The fold changes of PCC vs. Zero-P of intradiscal and endplate stress, and facet load at adjacent levels in the double-level fusion spine were significantly larger than that in the single-level fusion spine during the sagittal, the transverse, and the frontal plane motion. The increased value of biomechanical features was greater at above segment than that at below. The fold changes of PCC vs. Zero-P at adjacent segment were most notable in flexion and extension movement.Conclusions: Low-profile device could decrease adjacent segment biomechanical burden compared to traditional PCC in ACDF, especially in double-level surgery. Zero-P could be a good alternative for traditional PCC in ACDF. Further clinical/in vivo studies will be necessary to explore the approaches selected for this study is warranted.
Identifying Key Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways in Th2-high Asthma by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: CAO Yao , WU Yi , LIN Li , YANG Lin , PENG Xin , CHEN Lina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by reversible inflammation of the airways. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells plays a significant role in the mechanisms of asthma. The aim of this study was to identify asthma-related key genes and functionally enriched pathways in a Th2-high group by using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Methods: The gene expression profiles of GSE4302, which included 42 asthma patients and 28 controls, were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A gene network was constructed, and genes were classified into different modules using WGCNA. Gene ontology (GO) was performed to further explore the potential function of the genes in the most related module. In addition, the expression profile and diagnostic capacity (ROC curve) of hub genes of interest were verified by dataset GSE67472. Results: In dataset GSE4302, subjects with asthma were divided into Th2-high and Th2-low groups according to the expression of the SERPINB2, POSTN and CLCA1 genes. A weighted gene coexpression network was constructed, and genes were classified into 7 modules. Among them, the red module was most closely associated with Th2-high asthma, which contained 60 genes. These genes were significantly enriched in different biological processes and molecular functions. A total of 8 hub genes (TPSB2, CPA3, ITLN1, CST1, SERPINB10, CEACAM5, CHD26 and P2RY14) were identified, and the expression levels of these genes (except TPSB2) were confirmed in dataset GSE67472. ROC curve analysis validated that the expression of these 8 genes exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency for Th2-high asthma and Th2-low asthma. Conclusions: The study provides a novel perspective on Th2-high asthma by WGCNA, and the hub genes and potential pathways involved may be beneficial for the diagnosis and management of Th2-high asthma. Keywords: Asthma, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), hub gene, gene ontology
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured MIL-53(Al) With Superior Properties Using An Environmentally-Friendly Ultrasonic Method For Separating Lead Ions From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ahadi Niusha , Askari Sima , Fouladitajar Amir , Akbari Iman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate novel ultrasonic synthesized MIL-53(Al) and its applications in adsorption. Both conventional and ultrasonic methods were used to synthesized Mil-53(Al). The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis procedure results in reducing synthesis time to 24 hours; however, Compared to that conventional method takes 3 days to create the framework. Applying ultrasonic waves also increases surface area to 50% more than the ones synthesized by the conventional method, as well as creating the hierarchical MIL-53(Al) structure (meso- and micro-) pores. To this end, XRD, FESEM, BET, and FTIR analyses were employed to identify and characterize MIL-53(Al). The unique structure and high MIL-53(Al) yield lead to effective adsorption among MOF and lead ions. The optimum conditions for removing lead were 6.0 pH, 20 mg/l concentration, 60.0 min contact time, 0.04g adsorbent dose, and 318k temperature with 97.63% removal of the lead ions. The experimental adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data fitted the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Moreover, the use of ultrasonic synthesized MIL-53(Al), for the first time as a novel adsorbent in heavy metal removal, pointed to the great potential of this new environmentally-friendly adsorbent in removing lead ions from aqueous solutions.
Trends to Adaptation of the Sahara Frog (Pelophylax Saharicus) Larvae Across An Environmental Gradient
Authors: Bensouilah Soufyane , Zebsa Rabah , Bensakhri Zinette , Youcefi Abdeldjalil , Amari Hichem , Lazli Amel , Houhamdi Moussa , Khelifa Rassim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Species adjust their behavior and life-history to adapt to local environmental conditions. Species with large ecological prevalence often show signatures of local adaptations to different environment, particularly in extreme ones. Here, we investigate local adaptation in different populations of the North African Sahara frog (Pelophylax saharicus) living in various environmental conditions that varies mostly in temperature, precipitation, and elevation by mean of common garden experiment aiming to estimate the growth rate under two predation treatments (absence or presence of non-lethal cues of dragonfly larvae). First, we found an elevational cline in the reproductive phenology where, from low to high elevation, the reproductive season shifts to later dates, whereas that in arid environment was later than all other populations. We suggest that geographic differences in temperature and rainfall (in arid areas) explain this phenological pattern. Second, hatching success was overall high but showed a slight decline across elevation. Third, growth rate was generally faster in low and intermediate elevation populations, but slower in high elevation and arid environment populations. Populations in low and intermediate elevation responded to predation by reducing growth rate and the size at metamorphosis, but no predatory responses were recorded in high elevation and arid environment populations. Our study shows some life history signatures of local adaptation of P. saharicus in Northeast Algeria, which does not go in line with recent genetic analysis showing low population differentiation in the region.
The Causal relationship of adipokines with rheumatoid arthritis among European populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Shuo , Wang Mingzhu , Han Yaxue , Huang Fugang , Tian Fengyuan , Fan Yongsheng , Bao Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdipokines played an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, observational studies have indicated an inconsistent association between adipokines (adiponectin, resistin and leptin) and RA. Therefore, we tried to explore the causal effects of genetically predicted adipokines on RA by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsSummary statistics of RA were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European descent, including 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls. Based on three additional GWAS, we selected genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) that were related to adiponectin, resistin and leptin. The two-sample MR study was conducted to estimate causality between adipokines and RA by the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and weighted-median method. In addition, we applied MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis to evaluate the potential pleiotropy effects.ResultsWe screened a total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for adipokines (7 SNPs for adiponectin, 3 SNPs for resistin and 2 SNPs for leptin). We found that resistin was positively related to risk of RA (the IVW method: OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.53, P-value = 0.007; the weighted median: OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.54, P-value = 0.035). However, based on the IVW method and weighted median, there was little evidence to support the causal relationship between adiponectin, leptin and RA. MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis did not indicate horizontal pleiotropy.ConclusionsOur MR study indicates that genetically predicted resistin is causally associated with risk of RA. However, there was little evidence to support the causality of adiponectin and leptin on RA, tentatively.