bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unified Theory of Tubesheet Design—Part II: Supplement to the Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Zhu Hong-Song , Zhai Jinguo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The theoretical foundation of the unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEXs), floating head, and U-tube HEXs are presented in Part I, in which only the most important equations are addressed to show the main points of the theory. The equations, conclusions, and other aspects referenced in Part I are presented or proved in this paper as Part II to supplement the theoretical analysis in Part I.
Multiobjective Optimization of a Novel Solar Tower-Based Gas Turbine-Driven Multi-Generation Plant With Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental Impact Analysis
Authors: Colakoglu Mert , Durmayaz Ahmet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel solar tower-based gas turbine-driven multi-generation plant is proposed and analyzed in detail with energy, exergy, economic, and environmental impact analysis. A multiobjective optimization is performed by incorporating all performance indicators simultaneously. The proposed plant consists of an intercooling-regenerative-reheat solarized gas turbine cycle as the primary power cycle of a multi-generation plant for the first time. Two organic Rankine cycles are used to utilize waste heat of intercooling section and exhaust of gas turbine. To produce the multi-generation products of power, cooling, industrial process heating, fresh water, floor heating, green hydrogen, domestic hot water, hot air for food drying, and greenhouse heating, power cycles are integrated with a multi-effect desalination, a double-effect absorption refrigeration cycle, an electrolyzer, a drying hot air unit, a greenhouse heater, and an industrial process heater. A rigorous parametric analysis is performed to reveal the effects of variations of decision variables on the plant performance. At the optimum conditions, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, average unit product exergy cost, and emission savings values are determined as 57.23%, 40.7%, 0.08315 $/kWh, and 948.7 kg CO2/h, respectively. Moreover, proposed plant can produce 1962 kW power and 3.353 kg/h hydrogen in addition to other utilities with a system cost rate of 0.05134 $/s and 3226 kW exergy destruction rate.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Vapor Bubble Growth in Superheated Water Due to the Convective Action by an Interface Tracking Method
Authors: Sharif Syed Ahsan , Ho Mark Kai Ming , Timchenko Victoria , Yeoh Guan Heng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the growth of a rising vapor bubble in superheated water was numerically studied using an advanced interface tracking method, called the intersection marker (ISM) method. The ISM method is a hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian front-tracking algorithm that can model an arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) surface within an array of cubic control volumes (CCV). The ISM method has cell-by-cell remeshing capability that is volume conservative, maintains surface continuity, and is suited for tracking interface deformation in multiphase flow simulations. This method was previously used in adiabatic bubble rise simulation with no heat and mass transfers to or from the bubble were considered. This work will extend the ISM method's application to simulate vapor bubble growth in superheated water with the inclusion of additional physics, such as the convective heat transfer mechanism and the phase-change. Coupled with an in-house variable-density and variable-viscosity single-fluid flow solver, the method was used to simulate vapor bubble growth due to the convective action. The forces such as the surface tension and the buoyancy were included in the momentum equation. The source terms for the mass transfer were also modeled in the computational fluid dynamics governing equations to simulate the growth. Bubble properties such as size, shape, velocity, drag coefficient, and convective heat transfer coefficient were predicted. Effects of surface tension and temperature on the bubble characteristic were also discussed. Obtained numerical results were compared against the analytical and past works and found to be in good agreement.
Patterns and Reduced-Order Reconstruction of Impinging Wiping Jet Pressure Profile Fluctuation Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Phan Le Quang , Johnstone Andrew D. , Kosasih Buyung , Renshaw Wayne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWiping jet impingement pressure is important in controlling the coating mass (thickness) and influencing the smoothness of the thin metallic coating produced in continuous galvanizing lines (CGLs). However, the fluctuation of the impingement pressure profile that directly impacts the coating smoothness has not been adequately understood. To study key features of the impingement pressure fluctuation, the instantaneous impingement pressure profiles obtained from large eddy simulations (LES) were analyzed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Dominant fluctuation modes of pressure profiles can be differentiated based on the energy contents of the modes corresponding to different jet types, namely, mixing, nonmixing, and transitional mixing jet. The dominant modes of mixing jets in the wiping region contain comparable strength of all modes (flapping, pulsing, and out-of-phase multipulsing). Nonmixing jets do not show discernable fluctuation modes, and transitional mixing jets show pulsing and flapping modes only. Additionally, instantaneous maximum pressure gradients and their locations were determined from the reduced-order reconstructions of the pressure profiles. From the analysis, frequency spectra of the magnitude and location fluctuations of the maximum pressure gradients associated with each of the jet types can be clearly distinguished. This is the knowledge that may be helpful for CGL operators in the operation of wiping jets.
Cracking Pattern of Indented Ice Sheet Bending Failures
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhang Haisheng , Wang Yihe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIce sheet bending failures have been investigated extensively for ice loads on conical offshore structures and icebreakers in arctic regions. Most previous theoretical studies focus on bending failures of semi-infinite level ice, ice wedges, or finite-sized rectangular ice floes. For indented ice sheet bending failures, analytical ice load models have been developed by assuming a radial-before-circumferential cracking pattern. Recently, real-time simulations of ice-structure interactions are gaining increasing traction due to their great application potential. The analytical or semi-analytical models implemented into the real-time simulator significantly influence the accuracy of real-time simulations. Against this backdrop, the cracking pattern assumption needs to be more critically examined, and the criterion for cracking pattern determinations is in demand for utilizing different models for different cracking patterns in real-time simulations. Motivated by this need, the current paper establishes the cracking pattern determination criterion for indented ice sheet bending failures, based on the theory of plates on elastic foundations and normalized formulae. It is found that large indentation lengths and radii of structure waterline curvature induce a circumferential-before-radial cracking pattern. Conversely, small indentation lengths and radii of structure waterline curvature result in a radial-before-circumferential cracking pattern.
A New Method for Prediction of the Acoustic Performance and Design Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Multi-Chamber Perforated Resonators With an Irregular Cross Section
Authors: Guo Rong , Sun Zanzan , Huang Zhen , Luo Rui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aiming at reducing the high-amplitude and wide-frequency noise in charged air intake system of the powertrain, this paper proposes a new method for predicting the acoustic characteristics of an irregular cross-section multi-chamber perforated resonator under flow conditions. By this method, the presence of three-dimensional sound waves and the effects of higher-order modes are considered, and the acoustic performance of the resonator can be evaluated through the computation of transmission loss. Moreover, by discretizing the cross-section of the perforated resonator and extracting node information, this method can solve the acoustic characteristics of the perforated resonator with any cross section. Based on the transfer matrix method, the quadrupole parameters of each chamber are obtained. Then, the acoustic characteristics of the multi-chamber perforated resonator could be calculated. The theoretical prediction data and the experimental data have been compared, and the results show good agreement within the entire frequency range, which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical prediction approach. Based on this prediction approach, the influence of section ratio, structure parameters, and inlet flowrate on the acoustic characteristics of the resonator is explored. The results show that when the structural parameters change, the peak resonance frequency of the resonator will have a regular shift. With the increase of the inlet flowrate, the main frequency band of sound attenuation will decrease significantly. The theoretical method developed in this work can be used for the calculation and optimization of multi-chamber resonators in various applications.
Early Specialization and Critical Periods in Acquiring Expertise: A Comparison of Traditional Versus Detection Talent Identification in Team GB Cycling at London 2012
Authors: Staff Toby , Gobet Fernand , Parton Andrew 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to compare two methodologies employed by the British Cycling talent identification program. Specifically, the authors investigated cyclists selected to represent GB cycling team at the London 2012 Olympics using (a) a traditional talent identification methodology (British Cycling Olympic Development Program), where selection is based upon race results and (b) a detection talent identification methodology (U.K. Sport Talent Team Program), which is a multi-Olympic event initiative that identifies athletic potential from physical and skill-based tests. To facilitate this comparison, the authors calculated the speed with which expertise was acquired. A Mann–WhitneyUtest (U = 16.0,p = .031) indicated that the speed of acquiring expertise was quicker in detection talent identification (Mdn = 5.4) than traditional talent identification (Mdn = 7.2). Practice started later with detection talent identification than with traditional talent identification (14.12 years vs. 11.23 years, respectively), which affected the period to excellence. Thus, detection talent identification resulted in an absence of early specialization, which suggests a critical period for attaining cycling expertise. The authors hypothesize a genetic basis of talent and propose that critical periods are important in detection talent identification programs.
Systematic review of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies of five public health-related behaviours: review protocol
Authors: Kwasnicka Dominika , Kale Dimitra , Schneider Verena , Keller Jan , Yeboah-Asiamah Asare Bernard , Powell Daniel , Naughton Felix , ten Hoor Gill A , Verboon Peter , Perski Olga 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionEcological momentary assessment (EMA) involves repeated, real-time assessments of phenomena (eg, cognitions, emotions, behaviours) over a period of time in naturalistic settings. EMA is increasingly used to study both within-person and between-person processes. We will review EMA studies investigating key health behaviours and synthesise: (1) study characteristics (eg, frequency of assessments, adherence, incentives), (2) associations between psychological predictors and behaviours and (3) moderators of adherence to EMA protocols.Methods and analysisThis review will focus on EMA studies conducted across five public health behaviours in adult, non-clinical populations: movement behaviour (including physical activity and sedentary behaviour), dietary behaviour, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and preventive sexual health behaviours. Studies need to have assessed at least one psychological or contextual predictor of these behaviours. Studies reporting exclusively on physiological outcomes (eg, cortisol) or those not conducted under free-living conditions will be excluded. We will search OVID MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science using terms relevant to EMA and the selected health behaviours. Reference lists of existing systematic reviews of EMA studies will be hand searched. Identified articles will be screened by two reviewers. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive summary of EMA studies assessing psychological or contextual predictors of five public health behaviours.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations. Data from included studies will be made available to other researchers. No ethics are required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020168314.
Longitudinal pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) acceptability, initiation and adherence among criminal justice-involved adults in the USA: the Southern PrEP Cohort Study (SPECS) protocol
Authors: LeMasters Katherine , Oser Carrie , Cowell Mariah , Mollan Katie , Nowotny Kathryn , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionHIV prevalence among criminal justice (CJ)-involved adults is five times higher than the general population. Following incarceration, CJ-involved individuals experience multilevel barriers to HIV prevention. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a widely available, daily medication efficacious in preventing HIV. Little is known about PrEP knowledge, acceptability, initiation and sustained use among CJ-involved persons or about how these outcomes vary by multilevel factors. The Southern Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Study (SPECS) will investigate barriers and facilitators for PrEP initiation and sustained use among CJ-involved adults, building a foundation for PrEP interventions for this underserved population.Methods and analysisSPECS uses a mixed-methods sequential design, including a multisite, prospective cohort study in three southern states—North Carolina, Florida and Kentucky—and subsequent qualitative interviews. HIV-negative adults clinically indicated for PrEP with CJ-involvement in the past year (n=660; 220 per site)—will be recruited for four quantitative interviews separated by 6 months, with 18 months of follow-up. Interviews will measure CJ involvement, substance use, sexual behaviours, PrEP acceptability and use, healthcare access and utilisation, support systems and psychological and emotional well-being. We will estimate probabilities of PrEP acceptability and use in a CJ-involved population using descriptive and multivariable analyses. After the follow-up, a subsample that never initiated PrEP, initiated but did not sustain PrEP or sustained PrEP will be asked to participate in a qualitative interview to contextualise their experiences and decisions around PrEP. An inductive approach will guide qualitative analyses.Ethics and disseminationPrEP initiation and sustained use rates are unknown among CJ-involved adults. This research will identify individual, social and structural factors that predict PrEP initiation and use. Data generated from the study have the potential to guide research and the development and tailoring of PrEP interventions to CJ-involved populations and provide context to HIV-related outcomes for those with CJ experiences.
Quality of care for peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in Nepal: a cross-sectional study on feasibility and inter-rater agreement of the Peripheral Intravenous Catheters-mini Questionnaire (PIVC-miniQ) in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sulekha , Vieler Johannes , Haug Nikolai Juliussen , Afset Jan Egil , Høvik Lise Husby , Lydersen Stian , Gustad Lise Tuset 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThere is a lack of data regarding the quality of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC)-related care from low-income and middle-income countries, even though the use of PIVCs may lead to local or severe systemic infections. Our main objective was to assess the feasibility and inter-rater agreement on the PIVC-mini Questionnaire (PIVC-miniQ) in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.DesignWe performed an observational cross-sectional quantitative study using the PIVC-miniQ to collect information on PIVC quality.SettingSecondary care in a Nepalese hospital. All patients with PIVCs in selected wards were included in the study and PIVCs were assessed independently by two raters. Eight Nepalese nurses, one Nepalese student and three Norwegian students participated as raters.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), positive, negative, absolute agreement, Scott’s pi and sum score were calculated using PIVC-miniQ. We also aimed to describe PIVC quality of care, as it is important to prevent PIVC-associated complications such as phlebitis or catheter-associated bloodstream infections.ResultsA total of 390 patients (409 PIVCs) were included in the study. The ICC between raters was 0.716 for Nepalese raters, 0.644 for Norwegian raters and 0.481 for the pooled data. The most frequently observed problems associated with PIVCs were blood in the intravenous line (51.5%), pain and tenderness on palpation (43.4%), and fixation with opaque tape (38.5%). The average sum score was 3.32 deviations from best practice for PIVCs fixed with non-sterile opaque tape and 2.37 for those fixed with transparent dressing (p<0.001).ConclusionThe PIVC-miniQ is a feasible and reliable tool for nurses assessing PIVC quality in hospitalised patients in Nepal. The study revealed gaps in PIVC quality and care that could be improved by providing transparent PIVC dressings for all patients and requiring all PIVC insertions to be documented in patient charts.
Mediating role of coping styles on anxiety in healthcare workers victim of violence: a cross-sectional survey in China hospitals
Authors: Ma Yuanshuo , Wang Yongchen , Shi Yu , Shi Lei , Wang Licheng , Li Zhe , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Yafeng , Fan Lihua , Ni Xin 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the rate of workplace violence in county hospitals in China and its impact on healthcare workers and to explore the relationship between hospital violence, coping styles and anxiety to provide effective procedures for reducing anxiety among healthcare workers.MethodsThe study used stratified sampling to select 1200 healthcare workers from 30 county hospitals in China to conduct a questionnaire survey. Of these, 1030 were valid questionnaires, and the effective response rate was 85.83%. We collected demographic characteristics of our participants and administered the following scales to them: Workplace Violence, Trait Coping Style, Self-rating Anxiety. Data were statistically analysed.ResultsThe results showed that 67.28% of healthcare workers in county hospitals in China had experienced workplace violence in the previous 12 months, with prevalent verbal violence (66.12%) followed by physical violence (15.24%). Workplace violence in hospitals was negatively related to positive coping (r=−0.091, p<0.01) but positively related to negative coping (r=0.114, p<0.001) and anxiety (r=0.298, p<0.001). Positive and negative coping was negatively (r=−0.085, p<0.01) and positively (r=0.254, p<0.001) associated with anxiety respectively. Positive and negative coping influenced both hospital workplace violence and anxiety in healthcare workers who were victims of violence. Compared with positive coping, the mediating effect of negative coping was stronger (95% CI −0.177 to –0.006).ConclusionsThe incidence of workplace violence among healthcare workers in county-level hospitals in China is relatively high, and there is a correlation between hospital violence, coping styles and anxiety. Positive and negative coping play a mediating role in the impact of hospital violence on healthcare workers’ anxiety. Therefore, hospital administrators should actively promote healthcare workers’ transition to positive coping strategies and minimise the negative impact of anxiety on them.
Cross-sectional study of preprints and final journal publications from COVID-19 studies: discrepancies in results reporting and spin in interpretation
Authors: Bero Lisa , Lawrence Rosa , Leslie Louis , Chiu Kellia , McDonald Sally , Page Matthew J , Grundy Quinn , Parker Lisa , Boughton Stephanie , Kirkham Jamie J , Featherstone Robin 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo compare results reporting and the presence of spin in COVID-19 study preprints with their finalised journal publications.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingInternational medical literature.ParticipantsPreprints and final journal publications of 67 interventional and observational studies of COVID-19 treatment or prevention from the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register published between 1 March 2020 and 30 October 2020.Main outcome measuresStudy characteristics and discrepancies in (1) results reporting (number of outcomes, outcome descriptor, measure, metric, assessment time point, data reported, reported statistical significance of result, type of statistical analysis, subgroup analyses (if any), whether outcome was identified as primary or secondary) and (2) spin (reporting practices that distort the interpretation of results so they are viewed more favourably).ResultsOf 67 included studies, 23 (34%) had no discrepancies in results reporting between preprints and journal publications. Fifteen (22%) studies had at least one outcome that was included in the journal publication, but not the preprint; eight (12%) had at least one outcome that was reported in the preprint only. For outcomes that were reported in both preprints and journals, common discrepancies were differences in numerical values and statistical significance, additional statistical tests and subgroup analyses and longer follow-up times for outcome assessment in journal publications.At least one instance of spin occurred in both preprints and journals in 23/67 (34%) studies, the preprint only in 5 (7%), and the journal publications only in 2 (3%). Spin was removed between the preprint and journal publication in 5/67 (7%) studies; but added in 1/67 (1%) study.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 preprints and their subsequent journal publications were largely similar in reporting of study characteristics, outcomes and spin. All COVID-19 studies published as preprints and journal publications should be critically evaluated for discrepancies and spin.