bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balanço da reforma trabalhista em perspectiva econômica, as falácias dos argumentos de seus defensores e os impactos nas instituições públicas do trabalho
Authors: Barros Biavaschi Magda , Oliveira Teixeira Marilane 
Published: January 2021

RESUMO:
Fundamentado em estudos desenvolvidos no Centro de Estudos Sindicais e de Economia do Trabalho do Instituto de Economia da UNICAMP, CESIT/IE/UNICAMP sobre a reforma trabalhista vigente no Brasil desde novembro de 2017 e seus impactos e nas pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do Projeto Temático “Contradições do trabalho no Brasil atual: formalização, precariedade, terceirização e regulação”, o presente artigo traz reflexões sobre o sentido dessa reforma, abordando, a partir de uma perspectiva econômica, as falácias das promessas de seus defensores e procedendo a um balanço de seus efeitos depois de mais de ano de vigência em relação ao mercado e às relações de trabalho, ao sistema de proteção social, à organização dos trabalhadores e às instituições públicas que atuam no mundo do trabalho, com foco na Justiça do Trabalho. Nesse sentido, busca contribuir para com o debate sobre sua eficácia e seus desdobramentos, no contexto da crise econômica hoje vivenciada.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Reforma Trabalhista, flexibilização, desemprego, judicialização.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induces Non-Canonical Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Al-Shabrawey Mohamed , Hussein Khaled , Wang Fang , Wan Ming , Elmasry Khaled , Elsherbiny Nehal , Saleh Heba , Yu Paul B. , Tawfik Amany , Ibrahim Ahmed S. 
Published: January 2021

The mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), are not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated an upregulation of retinal bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in experimental diabetes and in retinas of diabetic human subjects. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of non-canonical inflammatory pathway in BMP2-induced retinal endothelial cell (REC) barrier dysfunction. For this purpose, we used RT-PCR and western blotting to evaluate the levels of BMP2 signaling components (BMP2, BMP4, BMP receptors), VEGF, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NFκB, and oxidative stress markers in cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) subjected to BMP2 (50ng/ml) for up to 24 h. Also, effect of high glucose (HG, 30mM D-glucose) on the expression of BMP2 and its downstream genes was examined in HRECs. H2-DCF is a fluorogenic dye that measures the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was used to measure the pro-oxidative effect of BMP2. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting p38 and VEGF signaling on BMP2-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction by measuring the trans-endothelial cell electrical resistance (TER) using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). We also tested the effect of HG on the integrity of HRECs barrier in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BMP2 signaling. Our data reveals that BMP2 and high glucose upregulates BMP components of the BMP signaling pathway (SMAD effectors, BMP receptors, and TGFβ ligand itself) and induces phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NFκB with nuclear translocation of NFκB. Inhibition of p38 or NFκB attenuated BMP2-induced VEGF expression and barrier dysfunction in HRECs. Also, inhibition of VEGFR2 attenuated BMP2-induced barrier dysfunction. Moreover, BMP2 induces generation of ROS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in HRECs. Finally, HG upregulated BMP2 and its downstream genes (SMAD, BMP4, ALKs, and TGF-β) in HRECs and BMP2 inhibitors attenuated HG-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction. Our results suggest that in addition to the regular canonical SMAD signaling BMP2 induces non-canonical inflammatory pathway in HRECs via activation of p38/NFκB pathway that causes the upregulation of VEGF and the disruption of HRECs. Inhibition of BMP2 signaling is a potential therapeutic intervention to preserve endothelial cell barrier function in DR.
High Levels of Circulating IL-8 and Soluble IL-2R Are Associated With Prolonged Illness in Patients With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Ma Aiping , Zhang Liang , Ye Xiaokai , Chen Jing , Yu Jie , Zhuang Liangjin , Weng Chaohang , Petersen Frank , Wang Zhanxiang , Yu Xinhua 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThe coordinated immune response of the host is the key of the successful combat of the body against SARS-CoV-2 infection and is decisive for the development and progression of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the immunological phenotype of patients are associated with duration of illness in patients with severe COVID-19.MethodIn this single-center study, 69 patients with severe or critical COVID-19 were recruited retrospectively. Immunological parameters including counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and levels of circulating cytokines and cytokine receptors were screened for their association with disease severity, survival and duration of illness of COVID-19.ResultsOur data confirmed previous results that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and circulating levels of IL-6 represent prominent biomarker for the prediction of disease severity and survival of COVID-19. However, this study shows for the first time that duration of illness in patients with severe COVID-19 is positively associated with serum levels of IL-8 (P=0.004) and soluble IL-2Rα (P=0.025).ConclusionThe significant association of duration of illness with circulating levels of IL-8 and soluble IL-2Rα in patients with severe COVID-19 implicates that neutrophils and T cells are involved in the evolution of COVID-19.
Optic Perineuritis and Its Association With Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Li Hongyang , Zhou Hang , Sun Jiao , Wang Huihui , Wang Yanling , Wang Zhenchang , Li Jing 
Published: January 2021

Background: Optic perineuritis (OPN) is a special optic neuropathy that has a distinct etiology from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) or multiple sclerosis (MS)-related optic neuritis (ON). The mechanisms of how this inflammation developed and invaded the nerve sheath remain unknown. This study is aimed to analyze the etiology and different clinical characteristics of OPN in a Chinese patient population.Methods: Neuro-ophthalmological examination, orbit magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a series of blood samples were used in this retrospective observational cohort study to compare characteristics of OPN with idiopathic demyelination optic neuritis (IDON).Results: Forty-four OPN cases (74 eyes) and 61 IDON cases (78 eyes) were analyzed. OPN cases included 33 cases (59 eyes) were associated with specific autoimmune diseases, 10 cases (13 eyes) were associated with infection diseases, 1 case was idiopathic disease. The causes of OPN with CTD were Graves' disease, Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG-4 RD), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GAP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sarcoidosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Behcet's disease, and gout. All patients received orbital MRI. Overall, 33 cases showed orbit fat infiltration. Specifically, nine cases with IgG-4 RD showed trigeminal nerve branch involvement, 12 cases with Graves' disease showed extraocular muscle belly enlargement, and 4 cases with GAP showed pterygopalatine fossa pseudotumor. Compared to IDON patients, OPN patients were older (p = 0.004) and more likely bilateral involvement 26 (78.79%) patients had bilateral involvement in OPN group vs. 17 (27.87%) in the IDON group (p &lt; 0.001). Visual acuity scores using LogMAR testing was better in OPN patients compared to those with IDON, 0.55 ± 0.91 vs. 1.19 ± 1.24 (p &lt; 0.001). Other ophthalmologic findings unique to the OPN group include 11 (33.33%) cases of ptosis, nine (27.27%) cases of diplopia, and 10 (30.30%) cases of exophthalmos, compared to zero cases of these conditions in the IDON group. Eight (13.11%) IDON patients also had multiple sclerosis (MS) and 7 (11.48%) patients had neuromyelitis which was significantly more than the zero patients in OPN group (p = 0.04).Conclusions: OPN had distinct etiologies and clinical characteristics from IDON and is more often associated with autoimmune diseases. Using OPN characteristics to diagnose autoimmune diseases should prove useful for clinicians when presented with patients that have multiorgan dysfunction that include ophthalmologic findings.
A Quantitative Assessment of Pre-Operative MRI Reports in Glioma Patients: Report Metrics and IDH Prediction Ability
Authors: Cao Hang , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , Günel Murat , Moliterno Jennifer , Fulbright Robert K. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo measure the metrics of glioma pre-operative MRI reports and build IDH prediction models.MethodsPre-operative MRI reports of 144 glioma patients in a single institution were collected retrospectively. Words were transformed to lowercase letters. White spaces, punctuations, and stop words were removed. Stemming was performed. A word cloud method applied to processed text matrix visualized language behavior. Spearman’s rank correlation assessed the correlation between the subjective descriptions of the enhancement pattern. The T1-contrast images associated with enhancement descriptions were selected. The keywords associated with IDH status were evaluated by χ2 value ranking. Random forest, k-nearest neighbors and Support Vector Machine algorithms were used to train models based on report features and age. All statistical analysis used two-tailed test with significance at p &lt;.05.ResultsLonger word counts occurred in reports of older patients, higher grade gliomas, and wild type IDH gliomas. We identified 30 glioma enhancement descriptions, eight of which were commonly used: peripheral, heterogeneous, irregular, nodular, thick, rim, large, and ring. Five of eight patterns were correlated. IDH mutant tumors were characterized by words related to normal, symmetric or negative findings. IDH wild type tumors were characterized words by related to pathological MR findings like enhancement, necrosis and FLAIR foci. An integrated KNN model based on report features and age demonstrated high-performance (AUC: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.88–0.90).ConclusionReport length depended on age, glioma grade, and IDH status. Description of glioma enhancement was varied. Report descriptions differed for IDH wild and mutant gliomas. Report features can be used to predict glioma IDH status.
Effects of Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptor on ACE2, Neprilysin and KIM-1 in Two Kidney One Clip (2K1C) Model of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Alawi Laale F. , Dhakal Sanjeev , Emberesh Sana E. , Sawant Harshal , Hosawi Anhar , Thanekar Unmesha , Grobe Nadja , Elased Khalid M. 
Published: January 2021

Activation of the renin angiotensin system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure, which is mainly attributed to the formation of angiotensin-II (Ang II). The actions of Ang II are mediated through binding to the Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) which leads to increased blood pressure, fluid retention, and aldosterone secretion. In addition, Ang II is also involved in cell injury, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. The actions of Ang II could be antagonized by its conversion to the vasodilator peptide Ang (1–7), partly generated by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and/or neprilysin (NEP). Previous studies demonstrated increased urinary ACE2 shedding in the db/db mouse model of diabetic kidney disease. The aim of the study was to investigate whether renal and urinary ACE2 and NEP are altered in the 2K1C Goldblatt hypertensive mice. Since AT1R is highly expressed in the kidney, we also researched the effect of global deletion of AT1R on renal and urinary ACE2, NEP, and kidney injury marker (KIM-1). Hypertension and albuminuria were induced in AT1R knock out (AT1RKO) and WT mice by unilateral constriction of the renal artery of one kidney. The 24 h mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured using radio-telemetry. Two weeks after 2K1C surgery, MAP and albuminuria were significantly increased in WT mice compared to AT1RKO mice. Results demonstrated a correlation between MAP and albuminuria. Unlike db/db diabetic mice, ACE2 and NEP expression and activities were significantly decreased in the clipped kidney of WT and AT1RKO compared with the contralateral kidney and sham control (p &lt; 0.05). There was no detectable urinary ACE2 and NEP expression and activity in 2K1C mice. KIM-1 was significantly increased in the clipped kidney of WT and AT1KO (p &lt; 0.05). Deletion of AT1R has no effect on the increased urinary KIM-1 excretion detected in 2K1C mice. In conclusion, renal injury in 2K1C Goldblatt mouse model is associated with loss of renal ACE2 and NEP expression and activity. Urinary KIM-1 could serve as an early indicator of acute kidney injury. Deletion of AT1R attenuates albuminuria and hypertension without affecting renal ACE2, NEP, and KIM-1 expression.
Astragaloside IV Improves High-Fat Diet–Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rats by Regulating Inflammatory Factors Level via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Ying-Li , Zhang Qiu-Zan , Wang Yan-Rong , Fu Li-Na , Han Jing-Shu , Zhang Jing , Wang Bang-Mao 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the primary bioactive component purified from Astragalus membranaceus which is one of the traditional Chinese medicines. Research studies found that AS-IV has significant pharmacological effects on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis, and diabetic nephropathy, but little is known about the effects of AS-IV on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated whether AS-IV has beneficial effects on NAFLD in rats and its potential mechanisms.Methods: Male SD rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish NAFLD rat model, and then, the rats were divided into five groups. The control group rats were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks and then were given normal saline (1.0 ml kg−1 day−1) by intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The model group rats were fed with HFD for 12 weeks and then were given normal saline (1.0 ml kg−1 day−1) by intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The AS-IV-L, AS-IV-M, and AS-IV-H groups were treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg kg−1 day−1 of AS-IV by intragastric administration for 4 weeks and given HFD diet. Then, we detected serum transaminase (ALT, AST), blood lipid (TG, TC), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), liver histology(NAFLD activity score), TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in liver tissue.Results: We found AS-IV significantly reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in NAFLD rats and downregulate the expression of TLR4 mRNA, MyD88 mRNA, NF-κB mRNA, and proteins in liver tissue. Moreover, AS-IV could significantly reduce the NAFLD activity score of NAFLD rat liver.Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that AS-IV have a protective effect on NAFLD by inhibiting TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels and down-regulating TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB expression in rat liver tissues.
Bardoxolone-Methyl (CDDO-Me) Impairs Tumor Growth and Induces Radiosensitization of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Hermann Cornelius , Lang Simon , Popp Tanja , Hafner Susanne , Steinritz Dirk , Rump Alexis , Port Matthias , Eder Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Radiotherapy represents a common treatment strategy for patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, application of radiotherapy is immanently limited by radio-sensitivity of normal tissue surrounding the tumor sites. In this study, we used normal human epithelial keratinocytes (NHEK) and OSCC cells (Cal-27) as models to investigate radio-modulating and anti-tumor effects of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9,-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me). Nanomolar CDDO-Me significantly reduced OSCC tumor xenograft-growth in-ovo applying the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In the presence of CDDO-Me reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to be reduced in NHEK when applying radiation doses of 8 Gy, whereas ROS levels in OSCC cells rose significantly even without radiation. In parallel, CDDO-Me was shown to enhance metabolic activity in malignant cells only as indicated by significant accumulation of reducing equivalents NADPH/NADH. Furthermore, antioxidative heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels were only enhanced in NHEK and not in the OSCC cell line, as shown by immunoblotting. Clonogenic survival was left unchanged by CDDO-Me treatment in NHEK but revealed to be abolished almost completely in OSCC cells. Our results indicate anti-cancer and radio-sensitizing effects of CDDO-Me treatment in OSCC cells, whereas nanomolar CDDO-Me failed to provoke clear detrimental consequences in non-malignant keratinocytes. We conclude, that the observed differential aftermath of CDDO-Me treatment in malignant OSCC and non-malignant skin cells may be utilized to broaden the therapeutic range of clinical radiotherapy.
Dynamic Control of Ultrathin Electromagnetic Absorber Using Active High Impedance Metasurfaces
Authors: Wei Zeyong , Li Hongkun , Xu Weijie , Cao Yang 
Published: January 2021

In recent years, active metasurfaces have induced more interests, which provides great freedom of wave manipulation and gives rise to many novel phenomena. High impedance metasurfaces are a kind of artificial structures characterized by the in-phase reflection at the resonant frequency. It works as a magnetic mirror and can be applied in subwavelength cavity, low profile reflector antenna, etc. When introduce in tunable components, it possesses versatile functionalities and broader application. In this paper, we proposed an active high impedance metasurface which exhibits highly efficient absorption to the electromagnetic incidence. As an array of diodes are loaded between the gap of periodic gratings and applied with positive bias, the absorption frequency can be dynamically controlled by the level of bias voltage. At the resonant frequency, the reflection from the metasurface can be less than 1%, implying that most of the incidence is absorbed by the magnetic resonance of high impedance metasurface. When the bias voltage is tuned from 0 to +1.33 V (the forward voltage), the resonant peak rises from 8.5 to 9.1 GHz, providing a flexible control of electromagnetic wave absorption in X band.
Automated AMBU Ventilator With Negative Pressure Headbox and Transporting Capsule for COVID-19 Patient Transfer
Authors: Jumlongkul Arnon 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: It is now clear that the COVID-19 viruses can be transferred via airborne transmission. The objective of this study was to attempt the design and fabrication of an AMBU ventilator with a negative pressure headbox linked to a negative pressure transporting capsule, which could provide a low-cost construction, flexible usage unit, and also airborne prevention that could be manufactured without a high level of technology.Method: The machine consists of an automated AMBU bag ventilator, a negative pressure headbox, and a transporting capsule. The function and working duration of each component were tested.Results: The two main settings of the ventilator include an active mode that can be set at the time range of 0 s–9 h 59 min 59 s and a resting mode, which could work continuously for 24 h. The blower motor and battery system, which were used to power the ventilator, create negative air pressure within the headbox, and the transporting capsule, could run for at least 2 h without being recharged. The transporting capsule was able to create an air change rate of 21.76 ACH with-10 Pa internal pressure.Conclusion: This automated AMBU ventilator allowed flow rate, rhythm, and volume of oxygen to be set. The hazardous expired air was treated by a HEPA filter. The patient’s transporting capsule is of a compact size and incorporates the air treatment systems. Further development of this machine should focus on how to link seamlessly with imaging technology, to verify standardization, to test using human subjects, and then to be the commercialized.
KEPENTINGAN KEBERADAAN PENGEPUL DAN KEPUASAN PETANI AKAN KINERJANYA SEBAGAI AGEN PEMASAR MALAI PANDANWANGI
Authors: Lisarini Endah , Adillah Siti Nur Ilah 
Published: January 2021

Sebagian besar petani skala kecil di Indonesia masih bergantung pada tengkulak atau pengepul untuk memasarkan hasil pertaniannya. Sementara kebijakan-kebijakan di pertanian mengarah kepada pemutusan rantai pemasaran yang panjang termasuk menghilangkan keberadaan tengkulak dan pengepul. Kondisi yang kontradiktif ini memotivasi dilakukannya penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji : 1) berbagai manfaat pengepul bagi petani; 2) tingkat kepentingan kinerja pengepul bagi petani; 3) tingkat kepuasan petani akan kinerja pengepul. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melibatkan 35 responden petani padi Pandanwangi yang menjual malainya ke pengepul. Responden petani mempunyai karakteristik : didominasi oleh petani laki-laki, berusia di atas 50 tahun, berpendidikan sekolah dasar (SD), sudah berprofesi sebagai petani lebih dari 15 tahun dengan luas garapan lahan rata-rata- satu hektar. Jumlah populasi petani tidak diketahui dengan pasti, maka penentuan responden sebagai sampel dilakukan dengan metode non probability sampling dan teknik purposive sampling. Tingkat kepentingan dan tingkat kepuasan petani akan keberadaan dan kinerja pengepul merupakan variabel penelitian yang dikaji menggunakan metode analisis Index Performance Analysis (IPA) dan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Diperoleh hasil penelitian yang menyimpulkan : 1) Keberadaan pengepul masih dibutuhkan petani karena memberi manfaat antara lain menerima pasokan malai Pandanwangi dalam jumlah berapapun dan dalam kondisi mutu apapun, menanggung biaya-biaya pemasaram dan terkadang menyediakan modal kerja; 2) kinerja pengepul bagi petani dianggap penting dengan skor rata-rata tingkat kepentingan sebesar 4.14 (skala 1 – 5); dan 3) petani merasa puas dengan kinerja pengepul sebagai agen pemasar dengan skor rata-rata tingkat kepuasan 3.79 (skala 1 – 5) atau dikategorikan puas sebesar 76% (66% < CSI £ 80%). Dari hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa keberadaan pengepul masih diperlukan bagi petani dengan luas lahan garapan relative sempit dan terbatas modal usahataninya. Agar petani tidak terlalu lemah daya tawar harga malai Pandanwangi, para petani perlu bergabung ke dalam kelompok tani.