bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell‐Type‐Specific Proteomics Analysis of a Small Number of Plant Cells by Integrating Laser Capture Microdissection with a Nanodroplet Sample Processing Platform
Authors: Balasubramanian Vimal K. , Purvine Samuel O. , Liang Yiran , Kelly Ryan T. , Pasa‐Tolic Ljiljana , Chrisler William B. , Blumwald Eduardo , Stewart C. Neal , Zhu Ying , Ahkami Amir H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlant organs and tissues contain multiple cell types, which are well organized in 3‐dimensional structure to efficiently perform physiological functions such as homeostasis and response to environmental perturbation and pathogen infection. It is critically important to perform molecular measurements at the cell‐type‐specific level to discover mechanisms and unique features of cell populations that govern differentiation and respond to external perturbations. Although mass spectrometry−based proteomics has been demonstrated as an enabling discovery tool for studying plant physiology, conventional approaches require millions of cells to generate robust biological conclusions. Such requirements mask the cell‐to‐cell heterogeneities and limit the comprehensive profiling of plant proteins at spatially resolved and cell‐type‐specific resolutions. This article describes a recently developed proteomics workflow for studying a small number of plant cells by integrating laser capture microdissection, microfluidic nanodroplet−based sample preparation, and ultrasensitive liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. Using poplar as a model tree species, we provide detailed protocols, including plant leaf and root tissue harvest, sample preparation, cryosectioning, laser microdissection, protein digestion, mass spectrometry measurement, and data analysis. We show that the workflow enables the precise identification and quantification of thousands of proteins from hundreds of isolated plant root and leaf cells. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Plant tissue fixation and embeddingSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of 2.5% CMC solutionSupport Protocol 2: Slow freezing of CMC blocks to avoid crack development in the blockBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of cryosectionsAlternate Protocol: Using a vacuum manifold to dehydrate the cryosection slides (primarily for root tissues)Basic Protocol 3: Laser capture microdissection of specific types of plant cellsBasic Protocol 4: Nanodroplet‐based sample preparation for ultrasensitive proteomic analysisSupport Protocol 3: Fabrication of nanowell chipsBasic Protocol 5: Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Divergent Rearrangements of Vinylcyclopropane into Skipped Diene and Cyclopentene: Mechanism, Scope, and Limitations
Authors: Delbrassinne Arnaud , Richald Maximilien , Janssens Julien , Robiette Raphaël 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVinylcyclopropanes are versatile intermediates in organic synthesis which undergo various rearrangements. We report a new rearrangement of vinylcyclopropane into skipped diene. A detailed mechanistic study revealed that this transformation involves regioselective ring‐opening of the cyclopropane ring followed by 1,2‐migration of one of the cyclopropane substituents. Interestingly, our investigations showed that skipped diene is the kinetic product of the process but formation of a more stable cyclopentene is also accessible. The fundamental understanding of the processes involved enabled the development of divergent methodologies allowing to obtain cyclopentene or skipped diene from vinylcyclopropane in a selective and controlled manner.
Copper‐Phosphine Mediated Oxidative Phosphorylation of Aromatic Amines and P(OR)3 under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Wang Shihaozhi , Ma Shidi , Yang Jiale , Li Wenshuang , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA copper‐phosphine system (Cu(OAc)2 and t‐Bu3P⋅HBF4) was used to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates and phosphoramides from various aromatic amines and trialkyl phosphites under oxygen atmosphere. With this Cu−P system, α‐aminophosphonates containing C−P bonds were generated from N,N‐dimethylanilines or N‐methylanilines and trialkyl phosphites; phosphoramidates containing N−P bonds were produced from N‐benzylanilines and trialkyl phosphites. This strategy provided a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of phosphorous compounds. The compounds containing phosphoryl group attracted extensive attention due to their biological activities and wide applications.[1,2] The α‐aminophosphonates have been applied in medicine and agriculture such as anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, and enzyme inhibitors.[1] And phosphoramides could be served as antibiotics, prodrugs, flame retardants, and ligands.[2]
Regioselective Synthesis of Fullerene Tris‐adducts for the Preparation of Clickable Fullerene [3:3]‐Hexa‐adduct Scaffolds
Authors: Meichsner Eric , Schillinger Franck , Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Guerra Sebastiano , Hahn Uwe , Nierengarten Iwona , Holler Michel , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacrocyclic tris‐malonates incorporating cleavable di‐tert‐butylsilylene protecting groups have been prepared by a stepwise approach and used for the regioselective tris‐functionalization of C60. Fullerene tris‐adducts with an e,e,e addition pattern have been thus obtained. The bridging di‐tert‐butylsilylene protecting groups have been cleaved to liberate the terminal alcohol functions of the fullerene tris‐adduct. This key building block has been further functionalized to generate a clickable fullerene [3:3]‐hexa‐adduct scaffold allowing the successive introduction of two azide reagents.
Ketene 3‐Component Staudinger Reaction (K‐3CSR) to β‐Lactams: A New Entry in the Class of Photoinduced Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Minuto Federica , Lambruschini Chiara , Basso Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Staudinger synthesis of β‐lactams from imines and ketenes has been conducted photochemically only in very limited cases. Recent advances in the visible light mediated Wolff rearrangement of diazoketones allowed us to perform, for the first time, a 3‐component Staudinger reaction, by mixing aldehydes, amines and diazoketones in the dark and switching the light on after imine formation. The new photoinduced reaction parallels the classic methods in terms of efficiency/selectivity and adds to the existing multicomponent approaches for the preparation of combinatorial libraries of compounds. A thorough optimization of the reaction conditions was performed both for the classic two component reaction and for the novel three component version of the photoinduced Staudinger reaction.
How is the concentration determined for rapid lithium ion transfer in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions?
Authors: Doi Takayuki , Oae Hidetaka , Inaba Minoru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighly concentrated electrolyte solutions have various unique characteristics for use in secondary batteries, including lithium ion batteries. The superlative performance of batteries should be achieved not at a saturating concentration, but rather at an appropriate concentration in terms of both Li+ transport in electrolyte solutions and Li+ transfer across interfaces between the electrodes and electrolyte solutions. This work focused on the latter, and studied the effect of the electrolyte concentration on interfacial Li+ transfer kinetics. Interfacial resistance between a solid electrolyte and LiBF4/PC electrolyte solutions of different concentrations were investigated by impedance spectroscopy using a four‐electrode cell, and the activation energy was evaluated by the least‐squares method. The results revealed that specific concentrations reduced interfacial resistance and activation energy. The solution structure of these electrolyte solutions was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and was associated with the low interfacial resistance and activation energy.
Gastroblastoma with a novel EWSR1‐CTBP1 fusion presenting in adolescence
Authors: Koo Selene C. , LaHaye Stephanie , Kovari Bence P. , Schieffer Kathleen M. , Ranalli Mark A. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Michalsky Marc P. , Colace Susan , Miller Katherine E. , Bedrosian Tracy A. , Leraas Kristen M. , Voytovich Kyle , Wheeler Gregory , Brennan Patrick , Fitch James , Kelly Benjamin J. , McGrath Sean D. , Miller Anthony R. , White Peter , Magrini Vincent , Wilson Richard K. , Mardis Elaine R. , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Baker Peter B. , Cottrell Catherine E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGastroblastomas are rare tumors with a biphasic epithelioid/spindle cell morphology that typically present in early adulthood and have recurrent MALAT1‐GLI1 fusions. We describe an adolescent patient with Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome who presented with a large submucosal gastric tumor with biphasic morphology. Despite histologic features consistent with gastroblastoma, a MALAT1‐GLI1 fusion was not found in this patient's tumor; instead, comprehensive molecular profiling identified a novel EWSR1‐CTBP1 fusion and no other significant genetic alterations. The tumor also overexpressed NOTCH and FGFR by RNA profiling. The novel fusion and expression profile suggest a role for epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in this tumor, with potential implications for the pathogenesis of biphasic gastric tumors such as gastroblastoma.
Impact of board certification system and adherence to the clinical practice guidelines for liver cancer on post‐hepatectomy risk‐adjusted mortality rate in Japan: A questionnaire survey of departments registered with the National Clinical Database
Authors: Arita Junichi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kokudo Takashi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Miyata Hiroaki , Toh Yasushi , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Kokudo Norihiro , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear to what extent a board certification system and implementation of clinical guidelines improves the quality of hepatectomy.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire survey was administered to departments registered with the National Clinical Database (NCD) in Japan between 1 October 2014 and 31 January 2015. Quality indicators (QIs), including affiliations with academic societies, numbers of board‐certified doctors affiliated with each institute, and adherence to clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma, were evaluated by calculating risk‐adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for 90‐day postoperative mortality of patients who had undergone hepatectomy in 2013 and 2014.ResultsOf 1255 departments that had registered at least one hepatectomy in NCD, 592 departments, performing 8601 hepatectomies in total, responded to the questionnaire. AORs were significantly lower in departments that were certified as training hospitals by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Society, Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery (JSHBPS), and Japan Society of Hepatology than in non‐certified departments. Affiliation of three or more JSHBPS‐certified experts or instructors with an institution also contributed to low AORs. None of the QIs regarding implementation of guidelines significantly impacted on the AOR.ConclusionsQuality indicator measurements may improve quality of post‐hepatectomy outcomes in Japan.
The impact of health sector‐wide approaches on aid effectiveness and infant mortality
Authors: Woode Maame Esi , Mortimer Duncan , Sweeney Rohan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of health aid remains contested. Previous estimates fail to distinguish between fragmented, poorly‐targeted aid and aid disbursed under aid effectiveness principles. To address this gap, we investigated whether the sector‐wide approach (SWAp), a mechanism for aid delivery built on aid effectiveness principles, has delivered improvements in aid effectiveness and infant mortality. Results suggest that SWAp implementation facilitated a 5.8% to 8.1% reduction in the infant mortality rate compared to non‐implementing countries. This effect likely operates by releasing domestic resources and/or increasing the efficiency with which domestic resources are converted into health gains. Development partners should take heart that the aid effectiveness agenda appears to have paid dividends in the health sector.
Cryo‐surgery for symptomatic extra‐abdominal desmoids. A proof of concept study
Authors: Efrima Ben , Ovadia Joshua , Drukman Ido , Khoury Amal , Rath Ehud , Dadia Solomon , Gortzak Yair , Albagli Assaf , Sternheim Amir , Segal Ortal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveExtra abdominal desmoid tumors are rare, highly aggressive, and invasive benign soft tissue tumors. Current treatment modalities show high levels of recurrence and comorbidities. Cryo‐surgery as an alternative was subsequently investigated.MethodsIn this retrospective, single center study 11 patients showing symptomatic tumors were treated with individualized cryo‐surgery. Treatment protocol included preoperative planning using computer rendered 3D models, intraoperative navigation and execution using cone beam guidance, and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging image analysis using a gaussian mixture model software. Subjective outcomes were reported using Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) questionnaires.ResultsSixteen ablations were performed, each demonstrating a complete match with the determined preoperative plan and model. A total of 9/11 (82%) of patients showed improvements in symptoms and a reduction in tumor volume while 2/11 (18%) did not. Average reduction in tumor volume and viable segments were 36.7% (p = 0.0397) and 63.3% (p = 0.0477), respectively. Mild complications according to the SIR Adverse Event Classification Guidelines were experienced in 3/16 (19%) ablations. SF‐36 scores showed a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.0194) in the mental health category and a nonsignificant (p = 0.8071) improvement in the physical health category.ConclusionCryo‐surgery using the three‐phase protocol as described may improve the overall outcome of future ablation procedures.
Paradigm Change in Liver Transplantation Practice After the Implementation of the Liver‐Kidney Allocation Policy
Authors: Nagai Shunji , Suzuki Yukiko , Kitajima Toshihiro , Ivanics Tommy , Shimada Shingo , Kuno Yasutaka , Shamaa Mhd Tayseer , Yeddula Sirisha , Samaniego Milagros , Collins Kelly , Rizzari Michael , Yoshida Atsushi , Abouljoud Marwan 
Published: May 2021

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN)/United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy regarding kidney allocation for liver transplantation (LT) patients was implemented in August 2017. This study evaluated the effects of the simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation (SLKT) policy on outcomes in LT alone (LTA) patients with kidney dysfunction. We analyzed adult primary LTA patients with kidney dysfunction at listing (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] less than 30 mL/minute or dialysis requirement) between January 2015 and March 2019 using the OPTN/UNOS registry. Waitlist practice and kidney transplantation (KT) listing after LTA were compared between prepolicy and postpolicy groups. There were 3821 LTA listings with eGFR <30 mL/minute included. The daily number of listings on dialysis was significantly higher in Era 2 (postpolicy group) than Era 1 (prepolicy group) (1.21/day versus 0.95/day; P < 0.001). Of these LTA listings, 90‐day LT waitlist mortality, LTA probability, and 1‐year post‐LTA survival were similar between eras. LTA recipients in Era 2 had a higher probability for KT listing after LTA than those in Era 1 (6.2% versus 3.9%; odds ratio [OR], 3.30; P < 0.001), especially those on dialysis (8.4% versus 2.0%; OR, 4.38; P < 0.001). Under the safety net rule, there was a higher KT probability after LTA (26.7% and 53% at 6 months in Eras 1 and 2, respectively; P = 0.02). After the implementation of the policy, the number of LTA listings among patients on dialysis increased significantly. While their posttransplant survival did not change, KT listing after LTA increased. The safety net rule led to high KT probability and a low waitlist mortality rate in patients who were listed for KT after LTA. These results suggest that the policy successfully achieved the goals of providing appropriate opportunities of KT for LT patients, which did not compromise LTA waitlist or posttransplant outcomes in patients with kidney dysfunction and provided KT opportunities if patients developed kidney failure after LTA.
Genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptors and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and osteonecrosis risk in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sherief Laila M. , Beshir Mohamed , Raafat Nermin , Abdelkhalek Elhamy R. , Mokhtar Wesam A. , Elgerby Khaled M. , Soliman Basma K. , Salah Hosam E. , Mokhtar Ghada A. , Kamal Naglaa M. , ELsayed Heba , Zakaria Marwa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis (ON) is one of the major therapy‐related complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of the current study is to assess the frequency of ON in children with ALL and to detect whether polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) gene can affect the risk of ON.Patients and MethodsNighty‐six ALL children were enrolled. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels were performed in addition to the detection of polymorphisms in PAI‐1and VDR genes by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTen out of 96 patients had ON (four males and six females aged above 10 years) and had an insufficient level of 25(OH)D. Fifty‐two percent of patients had PAI‐1 GG genotype while 48% had PAI‐1 GA genotype. PAI‐1 polymorphism was detected in 60% of all ON cases. The frequencies of VDR genotypes were CT (56.3%), CC (39.6%), and TT (4.2%). Osteonecrosis was found in eight patients with CC genotype and in two patients with CT genotype.ConclusionOsteonecrosis can develop early during the therapy of ALL. Older age and insufficient level of 25(OH)D were considered important risk factor for the development of osteonecrosis. PAT‐1 and VDR gene polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor in its pathogenesis.
Two Decades of Advancement in Flathead Catfish Research
Authors: Montague Graham F. , Shoup Daniel E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We summarized advancements in Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris biology, fisheries, and management published from 1999 to 2021. Our goal was to highlight recent advancements in Flathead Catfish research and address information needs for this species to encourage future research. We identified and reviewed 140 papers from 33 peer-reviewed journals, 27 theses/dissertations, and 13 technical reports on Flathead Catfish over the 23-year period. Most studies focused on introduced Flathead Catfish populations, age and growth, movements, diet, sampling methods, and human dimensions of Flathead Catfish fisheries. The number of studies published on riverine Flathead Catfish populations was greater than the number published on reservoir populations, and many studied negative effects of populations introduced outside of the species’ native range. Flathead Catfish are most commonly found in shallow (&lt;3-m) locations with large woody debris or riprap and substrates with a hard bottom. Flathead Catfish movement studies identified three distinct migration periods: overwintering, prespawn/spawn, and late summer/fall, with little movement between these migrations. Flathead Catfish are typically lightly exploited (0–19% annual exploitation) and have typical (for a long-lived species) annual total mortality rates of 11–37%, ranging as high as 62%. Flathead Catfish are most commonly sampled using low-frequency electrofishing. Despite an increase in published literature on Flathead Catfish, information remains inadequate such that most state agencies do not follow a standardized protocol for sampling Flathead Catfish and information to guide management approaches for the species is limited. Minimal research on Flathead Catfish reproduction and spawning has occurred since 1999. Additional research is needed on these and other topics to provide information critical to managing this important species.
Urban green space use during a time of stress: A case study during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Berdejo‐Espinola Violeta , Suárez‐Castro Andrés F. , Amano Tatsuya , Fielding Kelly S. , Oh Rachel Rui Ying , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Spending time in nature is one potential way to cope with the negative physical and psychological health impacts from major stressful life events. In 2020, a large fraction of the global population was impacted by restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID‐19 outbreak, a period characterised by marked health risks and behavioural changes. Here we explore whether people responded to this stressor by spending more time in nature and investigate the reasons for any changes.

We surveyed 1,002 people in Brisbane, Australia in 2020, to measure the change in use of green space during the restrictions period and benefits people associated with visiting them.

About 36% of participants increased their urban green space use, but 26% reduced it, indicating a great deal of flux. Furthermore, 45% of the previous non‐users of urban green space began using it for the first time during the restrictions period. Older people were less likely to increase their green space use and those with a backyard were more likely to increase their use of green spaces.

Participants' change in use occurred regardless of the amount of green space available in close proximity to their households. In addition, we did not find a relationship between nature‐relatedness and change in use.

People's reasons for green space use shifted during the pandemic‐related restrictions period, with many emphasising improvement of personal well‐being rather than consolidating community capital. Most participants indicated an increase in the importance of the psychological and physical benefits obtained from urban green spaces.

We conclude that increased urban green space use during moments of stress such as the COVID‐19 pandemic has the potential to ameliorate some of the negative effects of the stressor, but that the capacity and desire to spend more time in green space varies markedly across society. Sufficient urban green space provision for all sections of society will maximise the opportunity to employ a nature‐based coping mechanism during times of personal or community stress.
On behaviors of the shape memory composite containing shape memory polymer matrix and shape memory alloy fibers under uniaxial loading with different temperature conditions
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Zhang Fangfang , Zhou Rui , Sun Yigang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory alloys (SMAs), as typical smart materials, have got enormous attention in the fields of aerospace, microsystems, and biomedicine due to their superior shape memory properties. Combining the high strength of SMAs and the large deformation of SMPs, the shape memory polymer composites with the shape memory alloys fibers (SMPC‐SMAs) formed by SMP matrix and SMA fibers have the dual advantages of SMAs and SMPs. For the different loading conditions, the mechanical behaviors of the SMPC‐SMAs are investigated in this work, by combining with the mechanics of composite materials and the constitutive models of SMPs and SMAs. Compared with the mechanical behavior of pure uniaxial loading, the influence of temperature changes on the phase transition of the material is considered under different constraints. Compared with mechanical behaviors of pure SMAs and pure SMPs, the thermomechanical behaviors of the SMPC‐SMAs are discussed and simulated considering the coupling of the phase transition of SMPs and SMAs. And the effects of different fiber content and different pre‐strain on the behaviors of such SMPC‐SMAs are finally discussed, respectively. The results showed that different mechanical properties for SMPC‐SMAs are displayed; such materials not only can maintain the normal shape memory effect but also have the greater strength, which will be a better engineering application prospect.