bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expanding movement of primary care physicians operating at the first line of healthcare delivery systems in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Bello Kéfilath , De Lepeleire Jan , Kabinda M. Jeff , Bosongo Samuel , Dossou Jean-Paul , Waweru Evelyn , Apers Ludwig , Zannou Marcel , Criel Bart 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionIn sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the physicians’ ratio is increasing. There are clear indications that many of them have opted to work at the first-line of healthcare delivery systems, i.e. providing primary care. This constitutes an important change in African healthcare systems where the first line has been under the responsibility of nurse-practitioners for decades. Previous reviews on primary care physicians (PCPs) in SSA focused on the specific case of family physicians in English-speaking countries. This scoping review provides a broader mapping of the PCPs’ practices in SSA, beyond family physicians and including francophone Africa. For this study, we defined PCPs as medical doctors who work at the first-line of healthcare delivery and provide generalist healthcare.MethodsWe searched five databases and identified additional sources through purposively selected websites, expert recommendations, and citation tracking. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted and coded the data. The findings were presented to a range of stakeholders.FindingsWe included 81 papers, mostly related to the Republic of South Africa. Three categories of PCPs are proposed: family physicians,“médecins généralistes communautaires”, and general practitioners. We analysed the functioning of each along four dimensions that emerged from the data analysis: professional identity, governance, roles and activities, and output/outcome. Our analysis highlighted several challenges about the PCPs’ governance that could threaten their effective contribution to primary care. More research is needed to investigate better the precise nature and performance of the PCPs’ activities. Evidence is particularly needed for PCPs classified in the category of GPs and, more generally, PCPs in African countries other than the Republic of South Africa.ConclusionsThis review sheds more light on the institutional, organisational and operational realities of PCPs in SSA. It also highlighted persisting gaps that remain in our understanding of the functioning and the potential of African PCPs.
Escola, educação integral e a Educação em Direitos Humanos
Authors: Klein Ana Maria , Bressan Marina Scaramuzza , Santos Paula Toledo Lara dos 
Published: October 2021

O presente ensaio aborda a crescente importância da escola em sociedades cada vez mais complexas e a consequente necessidade de uma educação integral que conceba o ser humano em sua multidimensionalidade e volte-se para a humanização dos estudantes. Propõe-se a formação ética e para a cidadania por meio da Educação em Direitos Humanos. Este tipo de educação, obrigatória em todos os níveis e modalidades de ensino no país, estrutura-se a partir de conhecimentos sobre os Direitos Humanos, valores como igualdade, liberdade e solidariedade e práticas que gerem ações e instrumentos em favor da promoção, da proteção e da defesa dos direitos humanos, bem como da reparação de suas violações. Este conhecimento desenvolve-se pela problematização da realidade contribuindo para a inserção social e cidadã crítica em relação às violações de direitos que ocorrem no país.
Clasificación de parámetros y criterios al ensamblar la ráfaga
Authors: Jiménez-Pinzón Neil Andrés , López-Perafán José Giovanny 
Published: October 2021

Este artículo presenta una clasificación de algunos de los algoritmos o mecanismos para ensamblar la ráfaga de datos existentes en la literatura científica de las redes de conmutación óptica de ráfagas, basándose en los diferentes parámetros y criterios que inciden en el proceso de ensamblaje. Resaltando, que dicha clasificación es el resultado de la etapa de revisión del estado del arte en el trabajo de grado titulado “Algoritmo Adaptativo basado en la Lógica Difusa y PSO para el Ensamble de Ráfagas en una red OBS Distribuida”, a nivel de maestría. La forma en que se ensambla la ráfaga es de gran importancia ya que es el proceso que gestiona la carga de tráfico entrante a una red y de esta manera gestiona el desempeño de toda la red.
En algunos casos, el desempeño es analizado en cuanto a la probabilidad de bloqueo y en el retardo de extremo a extremo de las ráfagas transmitidas, entre otros parámetros. Los resultados ayudaran a los nuevos investigadores, interesados en las redes ópticas y más en el proceso de ensamblaje, tener una introducción general de las redes de conmutación óptica, conocer y diferenciar los parámetros y criterios que inciden a la hora de ensamblar una ráfaga de datos, señalando algunas de las combinaciones que se han aplicado en otros trabajos. Además, poder identificar algunos de los problemas potenciales abiertos en este tema.
BRIDGING TOGETHER AUTHORITARIAN RIGHT-WING POLITICS AND NEOLIBERAL URBAN POLITICS: ISTANBUL’S BID FOR 2020 SUMMER OLYMPICS
Authors: YAVUZ YAVUZ 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to analyse the political impact of sports mega-events through urban lenses. Sports mega-events often come along with drastic transformations in the built environment of the city where they are held. Contemporary urban impact of the sports mega-events, with the increased role rested by local and/or national governments on the private sector in the organization, is highly interconnected with the neoliberal measures of selling out the urban space, undertaken for hosting the event. In terms of the hosts, there is an increasing shift towards the countries where right-wing authoritarian parties are in power. I argue that the promises of these governments guaranteeing more swift urban transformations to meet the infrastructure requirements of hosting these events cause this shift and in turn, right-wing authoritarian governments use these events as platforms for disseminating their ideologies. This research aims to trace this trend, based on the example of İstanbul’s failed bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the neoliberal urban policies in Turkey under the Justice and Development Party (AKP). By using the city master plan presented during the bidding process and the statements made by AKP officials, I aim to demonstrate how hosting international sports events in Turkey is undertaken as part of a neoliberal urban policy and how this is incorporated into a wider conservative-Islamist political project by the AKP.
On the algebra of data sketches
Authors: Lemiesz Jakub 
Published: October 2021

We consider the problem of designing a distributed data sketch for scenario in which data stream is observed by many independent network nodes. We require that a sketch apart from being computationally and memory efficient should also be mergeable in a way that mimics set theory operations on related data sets.
For example, when monitoring network traffic, one may consider how many distinct packets passed through a given node (sum of sets for different time windows) or passed through two given nodes (intersection of sets from two locations) and what is their total size (intersection of weighted sets).
In this paper we propose a sketch that allows to efficiently summarize sets constructed from a sequence of set theory operations. We also provide an analytical control over the trade-off between the accuracy and storage/computational requirements. In comparison to the previous works the proposed solution 1) allows the weights of elements, 2) allows performing set theory operations simultaneous on a large number of sketches, 3) does not require computationally expensive numerical calculations and guarantees low overheads.
Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
Authors: Zhang Yuxing , Zhang Xiliang , Cao Zhen , Huang Yun , Zheng Yuexin , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vascular hyporesponsiveness in the shock decompensation period is an important factor leading to death. Myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) is the main effector protein that regulates vascular reactivity. However, whether the change in semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) expression during hypoxia can change the MLC20 phosphorylation level, and its underlying mechanism were not clear. The amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) overexpressing adenovirus vector was constructed and transfected into rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) to overexpress SSAO, and the RIMECs were co-cultured with rat intestinal microvascular smooth muscle cells (RIMSCs). The changes in SSAO/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/Rho associate coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression levels and MLC20 phosphorylation level were detected. Here we found that the increased SSAO by AOC3 overexpression can decrease the iNOS expression level and its activity after hypoxia. In addition, RIMSCs co-cultured with RIMECs overexpressed with AOC3 gene had significantly higher ROCK1 protein level and MLC20 phosphorylation level than RIMSCs co-cultured with normal RIMECs. Our study demonstrated that SSAO overexpression can significantly inhibit iNOS activity, promote RhoA/ROCK pathway activation, and increase the phosphorylation level of MLC20, which might be the potential mechanism in relieving the vascular hyporesponsiveness during shock decompensation.
Automated identification of diagnostic labelling errors in medicine
Authors: Hautz Wolf E. , Kündig Moritz M. , Tschanz Roger , Birrenbach Tanja , Schuster Alexander , Bürkle Thomas , Hautz Stefanie C. , Sauter Thomas C. , Krummrey Gert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Identification of diagnostic error is complex and mostly relies on expert ratings, a severely limited procedure. We developed a system that allows to automatically identify diagnostic labelling error from diagnoses coded according to the international classification of diseases (ICD), often available as routine health care data.

Methods
The system developed (index test) was validated against rater based classifications taken from three previous studies of diagnostic labeling error (reference standard). The system compares pairs of diagnoses through calculation of their distance within the ICD taxonomy. Calculation is based on four different algorithms. To assess the concordance between index test and reference standard, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and corresponding confidence intervals. Analysis were conducted overall and separately per algorithm and type of available dataset.

Results
Diagnoses of 1,127 cases were analyzed. Raters previously classified 24.58% of cases as diagnostic labelling errors (ranging from 12.3 to 87.2% in the three datasets). AUROC ranged between 0.821 and 0.837 overall, depending on the algorithm used to calculate the index test (95% CIs ranging from 0.8 to 0.86). Analyzed per type of dataset separately, the highest AUROC was 0.924 (95% CI 0.887–0.962).

Conclusions
The trigger system to automatically identify diagnostic labeling error from routine health care data performs excellent, and is unaffected by the reference standards’ limitations. It is however only applicable to cases with pairs of diagnoses, of which one must be more accurate or otherwise superior than the other, reflecting a prevalent definition of a diagnostic labeling error.
Performance assessment of a balloon assisted micro airborne wind turbine system
Authors: Noronha Naveen Prakash , Munishamaih Krishna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study intends to examine the performance of a balloon-assisted micro airborne wind turbine in a low wind speed location. The influence of the balloon separation gap on the airborne wind energy system (AWES) performance is also explored. A micro-AWES with a diameter of 3 m and a power output of 1 kW was fabricated and tested at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 m. Further, the optimum separation spacing of 13 m was maintained between the balloon and the ducted turbine to reduce balloon turbulence on the turbine. The airborne wind turbine achieved a maximum power output of 250 W at 250 m height while the average wind speed remained 6 m/s. The maximum power coefficient obtained was 0.25 while annual energy production (AEP) remained 1200 kWh. The low power coefficient is credited to the turbulence and drifting in the airborne system and the drag caused by the airborne structure. While a cost-effective commercial model of micro AWES is still being developed, the present work attempts to harvest wind energy at high elevations in low wind speed areas.
Study of twisted Bargmann transform via Bargmann transform
Authors: Bais Shubham R. , D Venku Naidu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present article, we give an alternate and easier proof for the image characterization of

L
2

⁢

(

ℝ

2
⁢
n

)

{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{2n})}

under the twisted Bargmann transform which was earlier studied by Krontz, Thangavelu and Xu. As a consequence, we study some properties of the twisted Bergman spaces for

0
<
p
≤
∞

{0<p\leq\infty}

and the

L
p

{L^{p}}

-boundedness of the twisted Bargmann transform,

1
≤
p
≤
∞

{1\leq p\leq\infty}

. We also study

L
p

{L^{p}}

-boundedness of the twisted Bargmann projection

P
t

{P_{t}}

and the duality relations between the spaces

B
t
p

⁢

(

ℂ

2
⁢
n

)

{B_{t}^{p}(\mathbb{C}^{2n})}

,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

.
Regenerating Former Military Sites in Italy. The Dichotomy between ‘Profit-Driven Spaces’ and ‘Urban Commons’
Authors: Camerin Federico 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Within the last decades, the reorganisation of the Armed Force left many voids in the territories. Being located in highly lucrative and desirable locations, former military sites can be redeveloped into either profit-driven spaces or proper urban commons. This paper focuses the attention on the Italian case and scrutinises former military barracks in the dichotomies between the generation of profit-driven spaces and urban commons. Also, the analysis questions the actual role of these voids in guaranteeing the right to the city, especially in times of severe shortage of public resources to undertake urban regeneration processes.
Synthesis of greener silver nanoparticle-based chitosan nanocomposites and their potential antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens
Authors: Rajeshkumar Shanmugam , Tharani Munusamy , Rajeswari Vijayarangan Devi , Alharbi Naiyf S. , Kadaikunnan Shine , Khaled Jamal M. , Gopinath Kasi , Vijayakumar Natesan , Govindarajan Marimuthu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present investigation, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanoparticle-based chitosan nanocomposite were synthesized using Cissus arnottiana leaf extract. The biosynthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, TEM, and AFM to uncover the morphological characteristics such as size and shape. The SEM image depicts the size of the nanocomposite to be 30–40 nm and shape as spherical. The TEM results reveal the shape of the nanocomposite to be spherical and size around 10–60 nm. The XRD results show the crystalline nature of the AgNPs-based chitosan nanocomposite. The SAED analysis pattern seems to be concordant with the XRD results. The AFM image ensured the precise surface morphology of the synthesized silver nanocomposite in the 3-dimensional pattern. The antimicrobial efficacy of the biosynthesized AgNPs, AgNP nanocomposite, and chitosan nanoparticles was tested against oral pathogens. The results revealed a potential antimicrobial effect, which states that it must be converted into nanomedicine to meet future biomedical needs.
The effects of thyroid dysfunction on DNA damage and apoptosis in liver and heart tissues of rats
Authors: Guler Gulnur , Dasdelen Dervis , Baltaci Saltuk Bugra , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim , Mogulkoc Rasim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Thyroid hormones affect many enzymes, organs, and systems. They also play a role in complex biological events including development and growth. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of thyroid dysfunction on DNA damage and apoptosis in liver and heart tissues as well as the treatment of these disorders.

Methods
Thirty-eight Wistar-albino male rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1. Control group (n=6): The rats were sacrificed without any application and liver and heart samples were collected. 2. Hypothyroidism group (n=8): Prophyltiouracil (PTU)-10 mg/kg/day was applied to induce hypothyroidism by intraperitoneal route for two weeks. 3. Hypothyroidism + Thyroxine group (n=8): After one week of PTU application (10 mg/kg/day), a high dose of l-thyroxine (1.5 mg/kg/day) was applied by intraperitoneal route for one week. 4. Hyperthyroidism group (n=8): l-thyroxine (0.3 mg/kg/day) was applied intraperitoneally to induce hyperthyroidism for two weeks. 5. Hyperthyroidism + PTU group (n=8): After one week of high dose l-thyroxine application, PTU (10 mg/kg/day) was applied for one week.

Results
Liver and heart tissues were collected to evaluate 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), caspase-8 and caspase-9 levels. Hypothyroidism caused DNA damage in the liver, while hyperthyroidism caused DNA damage in the heart tissue. Hyperthyroidism also led to a significant increase in levels of caspase-8 and caspase-9 in liver tissue.

Conclusions
The results of the study show that DNA damage and caspase levels in the heart and liver are affected differently in experimental hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Specifications of standards in systems and synthetic biology: status and developments in 2021
Authors: Schreiber Falk , Gleeson Padraig , Golebiewski Martin , Gorochowski Thomas E. , Hucka Michael , Keating Sarah M. , König Matthias , Myers Chris J. , Nickerson David P. , Sommer Björn , Waltemath Dagmar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This special issue of the Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics contains updated specifications of COMBINE standards in systems and synthetic biology. The 2021 special issue presents four updates of standards: Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual Version 2.3, Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual Version 3.0, Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language Level 1 Version 4, and OMEX Metadata specification Version 1.2. This document can also be consulted to identify the latest specifications of all COMBINE standards.
The gut-cardiovascular connection: new era for cardiovascular therapy
Authors: Cheng Chak Kwong , Huang Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our gut microbiome is constituted by trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic microbes. Nowadays, gut microbiome has been gradually recognized as a new organ system that systemically and biochemically interact with the host. Accumulating evidence suggests that the imbalanced gut microbiome contributes to the dysregulation of immune system and the disruption of cardiovascular homeostasis. Specific microbiome profiles and altered intestinal permeability are often observed in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Gut-derived metabolites, toxins, peptides and immune cell-derived cytokines play pivotal roles in the induction of inflammation and the pathogenesis of dysfunction of heart and vasculature. Impaired crosstalk between gut microbiome and multiple organ systems, such as gut-vascular, heart-gut, gut-liver and brain-gut axes, are associated with higher cardiovascular risks. Medications and strategies that restore healthy gut microbiome might therefore represent novel therapeutic options to lower the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
Genetically-engineered hamster models: applications and perspective in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease
Authors: Liu George , Lai Pingping , Guo Jiabao , Wang Yuhui , Xian Xunde 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries, in which atherosclerosis triggered by dyslipidemia is the major pathological basis. Over the past 40 years, small rodent animals, such as mice, have been widely used for understanding of human atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with the advantages of low cost and ease of maintenance and manipulation. However, based on the concept of precision medicine and high demand of translational research, the applications of mouse models for human ASCVD study would be limited due to the natural differences in metabolic features between mice and humans even though they are still the most powerful tools in this research field, indicating that other species with biological similarity to humans need to be considered for studying ASCVD in future. With the development and breakthrough of novel gene editing technology, Syrian golden hamster, a small rodent animal replicating the metabolic characteristics of humans, has been genetically modified, suggesting that gene-targeted hamster models will provide new insights into the precision medicine and translational research of ASCVD. The purpose of this review was to summarize the genetically-modified hamster models with dyslipidemia to date, and their potential applications and perspective for ASCVD.
Application of third-generation sequencing in cancer research
Authors: Chen Zhiao , He Xianghuo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the past several years, nanopore sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology from Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) have become available to researchers and are currently being tested for cancer research. These methods offer many advantages over most widely used high-throughput short-read sequencing approaches and allow the comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes by identifying full-length splice isoforms and several other posttranscriptional events. In addition, these platforms enable structural variation characterization at a previously unparalleled resolution and direct detection of epigenetic marks in native DNA and RNA. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of important applications of these technologies in cancer research, including the identification of complex structure variants, alternatively spliced isoforms, fusion transcript events, and exogenous RNA. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the newly developed nanopore direct RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach in advancing epitranscriptome research in cancer. Although the unique challenges still present for these new single-molecule long-read methods, they will unravel many aspects of cancer genome complexity in unprecedented ways and present an encouraging outlook for continued application in an increasing number of different cancer research settings.
High temperature corrosion behavior of 430 ferrite stainless steel in a molten sulfur environment
Authors: Bao Qianlian , Xu Wendian , Zheng Wenxin , Zhu Chengfei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
AISI type 430 stainless steel is a common current collector in sodium sulfur batteries. The corrosion behavior of stainless steel 430 (SS430) was investigated in this article in a sulfur environment at 350 °C using the gravimetric method. The corrosion mechanism and the characteristics of vulcanization films were studied by diffraction X-ray (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and resistance was tested by a four-probe tester. The results showed that the intensive vulcanization of SS430 took place at a corrosion time above 24 h. The dynamic vulcanization of SS430 first increased to a maximum point of 0.6532 mm × a-1 after 120 h in a 350 °C molten sulfur environment and then decreased. Block resistance reached 0.6058 mΩ after 120 h. The main corrosion product of SS430 was FeS2 within 48 h and its microstructure was porous. The Cr6S7 was observed again after 72 h. A dense Cr2S3 and FeS2 coating formed after 120 h, which protected the SS430 and reduced corrosion.