bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitination drives COPI priming and Golgi SNARE localization
Authors: Date Swapneeta S. , Xu Peng , Hepowit Nathaniel L. , Diab Nicholas S. , Best Jordan , Xie Boyang , Du Jiale , Strieter Eric R. , Jackson Lauren Parker , MacGurn Jason A. , Graham Todd R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeciphering mechanisms controlling SNARE localization within the Golgi complex is crucial to understanding protein trafficking patterns within the secretory pathway. SNAREs are also thought to prime COPI assembly to ensure incorporation of these essential cargoes into vesicles but the regulation of these events is poorly understood. Here we report a roles for ubiquitin recognition by COPI in SNARE trafficking and in stabilizing interactions between Arf, COPI, and Golgi SNAREs. The ability of COPI to bind ubiquitin through its N-terminal WD repeat domain of β’COP or through an unrelated ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD) is essential for the proper localization of Golgi SNAREs Bet1 and Gos1. We find that COPI, the ArfGAP Glo3 and multiple Golgi SNAREs are ubiquitinated. Notably, the binding of Arf and COPI to Gos1 is markedly enhanced by ubiquitination of these components. Glo3 is thought to prime COPI-SNARE interactions; however, Glo3 is not enriched in the ubiquitin-stabilized SNARE-Arf-COPI complex but is instead enriched with COPI complexes that lack SNAREs. These results support a new model for how posttranslational modifications drive COPI priming events crucial for Golgi SNARE localization.
Revisiting the diagnostic criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state: An empirical investigation
Authors: Golden Katherine , Erler Kimberly S. , Wong John , Giacino Joseph T. , Bodien Yelena G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether consistent command-following (CCF) should be added to the diagnostic criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state (MCS)DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingInpatient rehabilitation hospitalParticipantsPatients with severe acquired brain injury and disorders of consciousness (DoC) admitted to a specialized rehabilitation programMain Outcome MeasureDifference between time to recovery of CCF and time to recovery of functional object use [FOU] or functional communication [FC] (the two existing criteria for emergence from MCS) as measured by the Coma Recovery Scale – Revised [CRS-R]).ResultsOf 214 patients (median [interquartile range] age: 53 [34, 66] years, male: 134 (62.6%), traumatic etiology: 115 (53.7%), admission CRS-R total score: 10 [7, 13]) admitted to rehabilitation without CCF, FO, or FC, 162 (75.7%) recovered CCF and FOU or FC during the eight-week observation period. On average, recovery of CCF, FOU, and FC was observed within one day of one another, approximately 46 [38.25, 58] days post-injury. One hundred and sixteen patients (71.6%) recovered FOU or FC prior to or at the same time as CCF.ConclusionsIn patients recovering from DoC, CCF reemerges around the same time as FOU and FC. This finding likely reflects the shared dependency of these behaviors on cognitive procecess (e.g., language comprehension, attention, motor control) that are essential for effective interpersonal interaction and social participation. Our results support the addition of CCF to the existing diagnostic criteria for emergence from MCS.
Shifting the paradigms in waqf economics: towards renewed focus on socioeconomic development
Authors: Lamido Abdullahi Abubakar , Haneef Mohamed Aslam 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis paper critically reviews and analyzes the trends in waqf studies within the Islamic economics literature. It analyzes the recent developments and debates in waqf reform and advances the argument for prioritizing research on waqf economics; the waqf dimension that is concerned with modelling how to utilize it to enhance productivity, consumption, redistribution, investment and saving, and generally contribute sustainably towards poverty reduction, economic empowerment and development.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual in nature, focusing on a systematic historical analytical review of waqf studies in Islamic economics literature.FindingsDespite the documented historic role of waqf in constructing the Muslim socio-economic architecture as the third economic sector and a mechanism for civilizational development and renewal, it received little attention in the early writings on modern Islamic economics. While the past one decade has witnessed a renewed interest in waqf research, most studies focus on its legal, juristic and administrative aspects in addition to the nostalgic reflections on its past glories. Little attention is comparatively given to the socio-economic aspect, which represents the actual raison d’être for its institutionalization.Practical implicationsAn important task ahead of the current generation of Islamic economists is to formulate waqf-based development models that are rooted in proper diagnosis and deep understanding of the current socio-economic realities of the OIC member countries for the purpose of uplifting living standards and stimulating sustainable socio-economic development.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the debate on priorities in waqf studies and practice and can trigger further discourses and research on the future of research in waqf economics.
What influences bank lending in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Miyajima Ken 
Published: November 2021

PurposeDeterminants of credit growth in Saudi Arabia are investigated.Design/methodology/approachA panel approach is applied to macroeconomic and bank-level data spanning 2000 ‐15.FindingsBank lending is supported by strong bank balance sheet conditions (high capital ratio, and growth of NPL provisioning and deposits), and higher growth of both oil prices and non-oil private sector GDP. Lower bank concentration also helps, likely through greater competition, so does stronger institution. Consistent with the literature, lending by Islamic banks may be more responsive to economic activity. Lending remained robust in 2015 despite oil prices having declined, helped by strong bank balance sheets and as banks reduced their holdings of “excess liquidity”. To support bank lending in the period ahead, bank balance sheets need to remain strong. Fiscal adjustment and a reduced reliance on banks to finance the budget deficit would support credit provision to the private sector.Originality/valueThe paper is first to analyze in detail determinants of bank lending in Saudi Arabia applying a panel approach to bank level data, and draws critical policy implications.
Factors affecting Sharīʿah audit quality in Islamic banking institutions of Pakistan: a theoretical framework
Authors: Rashid Abdul , Ghazi Muhammad Saarim 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe objective of this study is to present a theoretical framework, which helps ascertain the meanings of the Sharīʿah audit quality and identify the factors that affect it.Design/methodology/approachThe current literature of conventional and Islamic finance on audit quality is critically reviewed to propose the theoretical framework for the quality of Sharīʿah audit.FindingsThe paper suggests that for a better Sharīʿah compliance at Islamic banking institutions (IBIs), the role of audit practitioners is very much indispensable. The competency of the practitioner is one of the important factors that affect the quality of the Sharīʿah audit. Assessment and identification of Sharīʿah risk in different financial arrangements, contracts and transactions require a unique competency on the part of the auditor, that is, gripping Sharīʿah law besides traditional assurance skills and techniques.Practical implicationsThe Sharīʿah compliance is one of the primary objectives of IBIs, which works at the conceptual level, product development and implementation level, various business models and governance level. Sharīʿah audit function, internal or external, is an important component of Sharīʿah governance framework and provides an independent assessment of IBIs’ compliance with the Sharīʿah rules and principles and helps in managing the Sharīʿah non-compliance risk and ensuring sound internal Sharīʿah control system.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a theoretical framework for defining the Sharīʿah audit quality and determining the factors that are significant in affecting the Sharīʿah audit quality in the IBIs of Pakistan.
Engaging with technological sustainability
Authors: Seifi Shahla 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to introduce the journal and its purpose.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews a variety of issues to show the kind of research which is relevant to the journal and the approaches which can be used.FindingsThis study shows the great need for research in the ways in which technological development is needed in order to address the issues of sustainability.Practical implicationsThese can be many and diverse.Originality/valueAs the introductory chapter for this new journal its purpose is unique.
Metabolism of key atmospheric volatile organic compounds by the marine heterotrophic bacterium Pelagibacter HTCC1062 (SAR11)
Authors: Moore Eric R. , Weaver Alec J. , Davis Edward W. , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Halsey Kimberly H. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryPlants and phytoplankton are natural sources of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) acetone and isoprene, which are reactive and can alter atmospheric chemistry. In earlier research we reported that, when co‐cultured with a diatom, the marine bacterium Pelagibacter (strain HTCC1062; ‘SAR11 clade’) reduced the concentration of compounds tentatively identified as acetone and isoprene. In this study, experiments with Pelagibacter monocultures confirmed that these cells are capable of metabolizing acetone and isoprene at rates similar to bacterial communities in seawater and high enough to consume substantial fractions of the total marine acetone and isoprene budgets if extrapolated to global SAR11 populations. Homologues of an acetone/cyclohexanone monooxygenase were identified in the HTCC1062 genome and in the genomes of a wide variety of other abundant marine taxa, and were expressed at substantial levels (c. 10−4 of transcripts) across TARA oceans metatranscriptomes from ocean surface samples. The HTCC1062 genome lacks the canonical isoprene degradation pathway, suggesting an unknown alternative biochemical pathway is used by these cells for isoprene uptake. Fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of bacterial isoprenoid biosynthesis, blocked HTCC1062 growth, but the cells were rescued when isoprene was added to the culture, indicating SAR11 cells may be capable of synthesizing isoprenoid compounds from exogenous isoprene.
Range of serum transthyretin levels in hemodialysis patients at a high risk of 1‐year mortality: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kumagai Etsuko , Hosohata Keiko , Furumachi Kazuhiro , Takai Shinji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransthyretin (TTR) is a sensitive marker of nutritional status and independent risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, its range associated with prognosis in Japanese hemodialysis patients is unknown.MethodsMaintenance hemodialysis Patients (n = 664) were enrolled, and their TTR levels were measured to assess 1‐year mortality. Patients were assigned to four groups based on TTR levels: <20, 20 to <30 (control), 30 to <40, and ≥40 mg/dl. One‐year mortality at each TTR range was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for prognostic factors.ResultsSeventy‐seven (11.6%) deaths were recorded during follow‐up. The hazard ratio (HR) of TTR <20 mg/dl was significantly higher compared with the control group in terms of all‐causes (HR: 3.14) and non‐cardiovascular mortality (HR: 6.986).ConclusionTTR levels were independent and sensitive predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. TTR <20 mg/dl is a risk factor for 1‐year mortality in Japanese hemodialysis patients.
Profits, prices and productivity in a common pool fishery
Authors: Walden John B. , Lee Min‐Yang , O'Donnell Christopher J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProfitability change for any firm depends on both price and productivity change. Because most firms have little influence on prices in either output or input markets, oftentimes productivity change is thought to be the most relevant determinant of profitability change. When firms produce a product by harvesting or extracting government‐regulated natural resource stocks, it is important for regulators to understand how their decisions influence firm profitability and its underlying drivers. In this study, we use a recently developed index number decomposition method to identify the drivers of profitability, price, and productivity change for vessels operating in the U.S. northeast scallop fishery. Our main finding is that increases in profitability over the period 1996 to 2015 were primarily due to increases in prices for scallops, combined with favorable biomass change. Fishing vessels were able to get higher prices for their harvest because of an innovative spatial harvest strategy, which resulted in catches of large, premium‐priced scallops. Remarkably, this system resulted in both an increase in vessels harvesting scallops and large increases in profitability.
Prevalence and prognostic importance of lung ultrasound findings in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Lindner Moritz , Lindsey Anika , Bain Paul A. , Platz Elke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) complicating acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a herald of adverse outcomes. In this systematic review, we investigated the prevalence of lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and their prognostic utility among patients with ACS.MethodsWe searched the online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies (full‐text articles, published in English) that used LUS in adult patients with ACS [ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina].ResultsOf 462 studies screened, five prospective, observational investigations published between 2010 and 2021 including 1087 patients met our inclusion criteria. Two studies employed 28‐zone imaging protocols whereas three used eight‐zone protocols. The proportion of patients with a prior HF diagnosis was ≤ 5% in all studies. The prevalence of B‐lines was examined prior to or within 12 hours after coronary angiogram and reporting varied between studies due to different imaging protocols or quantification methods. A higher number of B‐lines on admission was associated with an increased risk for developing symptomatic HF during the baseline hospitalization and with a higher in‐hospital mortality rate using either 8 or 28‐zone protocols. A higher number of B‐lines at baseline was also associated with an increased risk of subsequent HF hospitalization or all‐cause death.ConclusionsPulmonary congestion by LUS performed on admission appears to be a common finding among patients hospitalized for ACS and is associated with adverse in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes. Further investigations using standardized LUS protocols are warranted and have the potential to improve risk stratification in ACS.
Reversible Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with non‐revascularized concomitant severe coronary artery disease
Authors: Taguchi Yumiko V. , Naqvi Tasneem Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTakotsubo cardiomyopathy is a transient cardiac condition commonly triggered by a stressor, presenting with clinical features mimicking acute coronary syndromes. We report an unusual case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a man with severe three‐vessel coronary artery disease awaiting coronary bypass surgery who developed rapid spontaneous recovery of cardiac function before revascularization.
An epi‐evolutionary model for predicting the adaptation of spore‐producing pathogens to quantitative resistance in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Fabre Frédéric , Burie Jean‐Baptiste , Ducrot Arnaud , Lion Sébastien , Richard Quentin , Djidjou‐Demasse Ramsès 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe have modeled the evolutionary epidemiology of spore‐producing plant pathogens in heterogeneous environments sown with several cultivars carrying quantitative resistances. The model explicitly tracks the infection‐age structure and genetic composition of the pathogen population. Each strain is characterized by pathogenicity traits determining its infection efficiency and a time‐varying sporulation curve taking into account lesion aging. We first derived a general expression of the basic reproduction number for fungal pathogens in heterogeneous environments. We show that the evolutionary attractors of the model coincide with local maxima of only if the infection efficiency is the same on all host types. We then studied the contribution of three basic resistance characteristics (the pathogenicity trait targeted, resistance effectiveness, and adaptation cost), in interaction with the deployment strategy (proportion of fields sown with a resistant cultivar), to (i) pathogen diversification at equilibrium and (ii) the shaping of transient dynamics from evolutionary and epidemiological perspectives. We show that quantitative resistance affecting only the sporulation curve will always lead to a monomorphic population, whereas dimorphism (i.e., pathogen diversification) can occur if resistance alters infection efficiency, notably with high adaptation costs and proportions of the resistant cultivar. Accordingly, the choice of the quantitative resistance genes operated by plant breeders is a driver of pathogen diversification. From an evolutionary perspective, the time to emergence of the evolutionary attractor best adapted to the resistant cultivar tends to be shorter when resistance affects infection efficiency than when it affects sporulation. Conversely, from an epidemiological perspective, epidemiological control is always greater when the resistance affects infection efficiency. This highlights the difficulty of defining deployment strategies for quantitative resistance simultaneously maximizing epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes.
AUCTIONS FOR CHARITY: THE CURSE OF THE FAMILIAR
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey , Damianov Damian S. , Matthews Peter Hans 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAuctions and raffles are commonly used to fund public goods. We run fundraising events in the field at the meetings of a well‐known service organization across the United States to examine the fundraising properties of five mechanisms: one that is common in the literature, two that are familiar to practitioners in the field, and two that are new. Consistent with a novel model assuming independent private attachments to the charity, we find large differences in the performance between the two most familiar formats, but these disparities are dwarfed by the differentials achieved using the new and less common formats.
In vitro enzymatic synthesis of a monomeric theaflavin using a polyphenol oxidase isozyme from tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf
Authors: Teng Jie , Liu Yang , Zeng Wen , Zhou Mengzhen , Liu Yafang , Huang Yahui , Chen Qincao 
Published: November 2021

SummaryPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays an important role in tea production, and there are many studies on the enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins using PPO; however, using a purified PPO isozyme (PPOI) instead of a crude PPO enzyme to obtain monomeric theaflavin in vitro is a novel approach that has rarely been previously reported. In the present study, a tea PPOI was purified and used for the enzymatic synthesis of theaflavin monomers. Tea leaf PPOI was purified 12.90‐fold, with recovery yield of 1.30% via the sequential use of precipitation with 30%−80% saturated (NH4)2SO4, Q‐Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G‐75 gel filtration chromatography. Subsequently, PPOI was used in the enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins: under various pH, temperatures, reaction times and catechin substrate composition and concentration, only the amount of theaflavin components produced was changed, and no other theaflavin component apart from the theaflavin monomer was produced. These results highlight the importance of monomeric theaflavin synthesis using purified PPOI isozyme and provide insight into PPO in the context of tea production.
Psychophysical burden and lack of support: Reasons for care workers’ intentions to leave their work in the Nordic countries
Authors: Van Aerschot Lina , Mathew Puthenparambil Jiby , Olakivi Antero , Kröger Teppo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong‐term care of older adults is currently suffering from a shortage of trained personnel and high turnover rates. Care work is poorly paid, demanding, increasingly time‐bound and both mentally and physically burdensome. In this study, we examined the individual, organisational and economic factors that predict professional care workers’ intentions to leave their current employment, using the NORDCARE survey data (2015, N = 3801) collected in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The respondents were mainly practical and assistant nurses. The analysis showed that the predictors of intentions to leave were similar in the four countries. The most consistent organisational predictors of leaving intentions were related to psychophysical burden and a lack of supervisor support. Younger age also predicted intentions to leave. To break the vicious circle of burdensome work and high turnover, care workers need sufficient resources and support to conduct their work properly.
A qualitative research on emigration and identity in İzmir–Eşrefpaşa
Authors: Yıldızer Özkan Elif , Zengin Çelik Hayat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEşrefpaşa has been considered as a migration settlement where every emigrant, immigrant or refugee has an opportunity to live freely according to their tradition and culture without any pressure considering the ethnic and social diversity. This article aims to comprehend how the next generations of emigrants in Eşrefpaşa describe their ancestors, identities, cultures and urban environment and highlight the transformations they faced spatially and socially. After conducting an in‐depth interview study of 26 people between the ages of 35 and 85 years, the analysis revealed that second and third generations preserve their culture, while the identity of emigration has substantially decreased for the fourth generation due to the undeniable effects of individualism and globalization on society since the early 2000s. The outcomes obtained in this paper, the most up‐to‐date of the rare oral interviews performed with the emigrants in Eşrefpaşa, can be used as a resource of discussion for developing future research.