bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric study of multiple shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions with a Reynolds stress model
Authors: Boychev K. , Barakos G. N. , Steijl R. , Shaw S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe flow of high-speed air in ducts may result in the occurrence of multiple shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions. Understanding the consequences of such interactions, which may include distortion of the velocity field, enhanced turbulence production, and flow separation, is of great importance in understanding the operating limits and performance of a number of systems, for example, the high-speed intake of an air-breathing missile. In this paper, the results of a computational study of multiple shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions occurring within a high-speed intake are presented. All of the results were obtained using the in-house computational fluid dynamics solver of Glasgow University, HMB3. First simulations of a Mach$$M=1.61$$M=1.61multiple shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction in a rectangular duct were performed. The$$M=1.61$$M=1.61case, for which experimental data is available, was used to establish a robust numerical approach, particularly with respect to initial and boundary conditions. A number of turbulence modelling strategies were also investigated. The results suggest that Reynolds-stress-based turbulence models are better suited than linear eddy-viscosity models. This is attributed to better handling of complex strain, in particular modelling of the corner separation. The corner separations affect the separation at the centre of the domain which in turn alters the structure of the initial shock and the subsequent interaction. Having established a robust numerical approach, the results of a parametric study investigating the effect of Mach number, Reynolds number, and confinement on the baseline solution are then presented. Performance metrics are defined to help characterize the effect of the interactions. The results suggest that reduced flow confinement is beneficial for higher-pressure recovery.
Approximations in $$L^1$$ with convergent Fourier series
Authors: Avetisyan Zhirayr , Grigoryan Martin , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor a separable finite diffuse measure space $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
and an orthonormal basis $$\{\varphi _n\}$$

{

φ
n

}

of $$L^2({\mathcal {M}})$$

L
2

(
M
)

consisting of bounded functions $$\varphi _n\in L^\infty ({\mathcal {M}})$$

φ
n

∈

L
∞

(
M
)

, we find a measurable subset $$E\subset {\mathcal {M}}$$

E
⊂
M

of arbitrarily small complement $$|{\mathcal {M}}{\setminus } E|<\epsilon $$

|
M
\
E
|
<
ϵ

, such that every measurable function $$f\in L^1({\mathcal {M}})$$

f
∈

L
1

(
M
)

has an approximant $$g\in L^1({\mathcal {M}})$$

g
∈

L
1

(
M
)

with $$g=f$$

g
=
f

on E and the Fourier series of g converges to g, and a few further properties. The subset E is universal in the sense that it does not depend on the function f to be approximated. Further in the paper this result is adapted to the case of $${\mathcal {M}}=G/H$$

M
=
G
/
H

being a homogeneous space of an infinite compact second countable Hausdorff group. As a useful illustration the case of n-spheres with spherical harmonics is discussed. The construction of the subset E and approximant g is sketched briefly at the end of the paper.
Rigorous Asymptotics of a KdV Soliton Gas
Authors: Girotti M. , Grava T. , Jenkins R. , McLaughlin K. D. T.-R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe analytically study the long time and large space asymptotics of a new broad class of solutions of the KdV equation introduced by Dyachenko, Zakharov, and Zakharov. These solutions are characterized by a Riemann–Hilbert problem which we show arises as the limit $$N\rightarrow + \infty $$

N
→
+
∞

of a gas of N-solitons. We show that this gas of solitons in the limit $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

is slowly approaching a cnoidal wave solution for $$x \rightarrow - \infty $$

x
→
-
∞

up to terms of order $$\mathcal {O} (1/x)$$

O
(
1
/
x
)

, while approaching zero exponentially fast for $$x\rightarrow +\infty $$

x
→
+
∞

. We establish an asymptotic description of the gas of solitons for large times that is valid over the entire spatial domain, in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions.
CD19 CAR-T cell treatment conferred sustained remission in B-ALL patients with minimal residual disease
Authors: Lu Wenyi , Wei Yunxiong , Cao Yaqing , Xiao Xia , Li Qing , Lyu Hairong , Jiang Yili , Zhang Huan , Li Xin , Jiang Yanyu , Meng Juanxia , Yuan Ting , Zhu Haibo , He Xiaoyuan , Jin Xin , Sun Rui , Sui Tao , Liu Kaiqi , Zhao Mingfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe persistence or recurrence of minimal residual disease (MRD) after chemotherapy predicts relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T (CD19 CAR-T) cells have shown promising responses in B-ALL. However, their role in chemotherapy-refractory MRD-positive B-ALL remains unclear. Here we aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of CD19 CAR-T cells in MRD-positive B-ALL patients. From January 2018, a total of 14 MRD-positive B-ALL patients received one or more infusions of autogenous CD19 CAR-T cells. Among them, 12 patients achieved MRD-negative remission after one cycle of CAR-T infusion. At a median follow-up time of 647 days (range 172–945 days), the 2-year event-free survival rate in MRD-positive patients was 61.2% ± 14.0% and the 2-year overall survival was 78.6 ± 11.0%, which were significantly higher than patients with active disease (blasts ≥ 5% or with extramedullary disease). Moreover, patients with MRD had a lower grade of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) than patients with active disease. However, the peak expansion of CAR-T cells in MRD positive patients showed no statistical difference compared to patients with active disease. Five patients received two or more CAR-T cell infusions and these patients showed a decreased peak expansion of CAR-T cell in subsequent infusions. In conclusion, pre-emptive CD19 CAR-T cell treatment is an effective and safe approach and may confer sustained remission in B-ALL patients with chemotherapy-refractory MRD. The trials were registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-ONN-16009862 (November 14, 2016) and ChiCTR1800015164 (March 11, 2018).
Race and Gender Disparity in the Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Cancer: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Registry
Authors: Darden Michael , Parker Geoffrey , Monlezun Dominique , Anderson Edward , Buell Joseph F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe existence of race and gender disparity has been described in numerous areas of medicine. The management of hepatocellular cancer is no different, but in no other area of medicine, is the treatment algorithm more complicated by local, regional, and national health care distribution policy.MethodsMultivariate logistic regression and Cox‐regression were utilized to analyze the treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer registered in SEER between 1999 and 2013 to determine the incidence and effects of racial and gender disparity. Odd ratios (OR) are relative to Caucasian males, SEER region, and tumor characteristics.ResultsThe analysis of 57,449 patients identified the minority were female (25.31%) and African‐American (16.26%). All tumor interventions were protective (p < 0.001) with respect to survival. The mean survival for all registered patients was 13.01 months with conditional analysis, confirming that African‐American men were less likely to undergo ablation, resection, or transplantation (p < 0.001). Women were more likely to undergo resection (p < 0.001). African‐American women had an equivalent OR for resection but had a significantly lower transplant rate (p < 0.001).ConclusionsUtilizing SEER data as a surrogate for patient navigation in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer, our study identified not only race but gender bias with African‐American women suffering the greatest. This is underscored by the lack of navigation of African‐Americans to any therapy and a significant bias to navigate female patients to resection potentially limiting subsequent access to definitive therapy namely transplantation.
Drug-eluting beads TACE is safe and non-inferior to conventional TACE in HCC patients with TIPS
Authors: Fan Wenzhe , Guo Jian , Zhu Bowen , Wang Shutong , Yu Lei , Huang Wanchang , Fan Huishuang , Li Fuliang , Wu Yanqin , Zhao Yue , Wang Yu , Xue Miao , Wang Hongyu , Li Jiaping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to compare the safety and effectiveness between transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) and conventional TACE (cTACE) using lipiodol-based regimens in HCC patients with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with patent TIPS who underwent TACE from January 2013 to January 2019 that received either DEB-TACE (DEB-TACE group, n = 57) or cTACE (cTACE group, n = 62). The complications, liver toxicity, overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), and objective response rate (ORR) were compared between the groups.

Results
Altogether, 119 patients (50 ± 11 years, 107 men) were evaluated. The incidence of adverse events, including abdominal pain within 7 days (45.6% vs 79.0%, p < 0.001) and hepatic failure within 30 days (5.3% vs 19.4%, p = 0.027), were significantly lower in the DEB-TACE group than in the cTACE group. Compared to the cTACE group, the DEB-TACE group also showed mild liver toxicities in terms of increased total bilirubin (8.8% vs 22.6%), alanine aminotransferase (5.3% vs 21.0%), and aspartate aminotransferase (10.5% vs 29.0%) levels. The DEB-TACE group had better ORR than the cTACE group (70.2% vs 50.0%). The median OS and TTP were longer in the DEB-TACE group (11.4 vs 9.1 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.46, p < 0.001; 6.9 vs 5.2 months, HR = 1.47, p = 0.045). Multivariable analysis showed that α-fetoprotein levels, Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage, and treatment allocation were independent predictors of OS.

Conclusion
DEB-TACE is safe and effective in HCC patients with a TIPS and is potentially superior to cTACE in terms of complications, liver toxicities, OS, TTP, and ORR.

Key Points
• DEB-TACE is safe and effective in HCC patients after a TIPS procedure.
• DEB-TACE improves overall survival, objective response rate, and liver toxicities and is non-inferior to cTACE in terms of time to progression.
• DEB-TACE might be a potential new therapeutic option for HCC patients with TIPS.
Bicuspid aortic valve annulus: assessment of geometry and size changes during the cardiac cycle as measured with a standardized method to define the annular plane
Authors: Boccalini Sara , Bons Lidia R. , van den Hoven Allard T. , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Krestin Gabriel P. , Roos-Hesselink Jolien , Budde Ricardo P. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a complex malformation affecting not merely the aortic valve. However, little is known regarding the dynamic physiology of the aortic annulus in these patients and whether it is similar to tricuspid aortic valves (TAV). Determining the BAV annular plane is more challenging than for TAV. Our aim was to present a standardized methodology to determine BAV annulus and investigate its changes in shape and dimensions during the cardiac cycle.

Methods
BAV patients were prospectively included and underwent an ECG-gated cardiac CTA. The annulus plane was manually identified on reconstructions at 5% intervals of the cardiac cycle with a new standardized method for different BAV types. Based on semi-automatically defined contours, maximum and minimum diameter, area, area-derived diameter, perimeter, asymmetry ratio (AR), and relative area were calculated. Differences of dynamic annular parameters were assessed also per BAV type.

Results
Of the 55 patients included (38.4 ± 13.3 years; 58% males), 38 had BAV Sievers type 1, 10 type 0, and 7 type 2. The minimum diameter, perimeter, area, and area-derived diameter were significantly higher in systole than in diastole with a relative change of 13.7%, 4.8%, 13.7%, and 7.2% respectively (all p < 0.001). The AR was ≥ 1.1 in all phases, indicating an elliptic shape, with more pronounced flattening in diastole (p < 0.001). Different BAV types showed comparable dynamic changes.

Conclusions
BAV annulus undergo significant changes in shape during the cardiac cycle with a wider area in systole and a more elliptic conformation in diastole regardless of valve type.

Key Points
• A refined method for the identification of the annulus plane on CT scans of patients with bicuspid aortic valves, tailored for the specific anatomy of each valve type, is proposed.
• The annulus of patients with bicuspid aortic valves undergoes significant changes during the cardiac cycle with a wider area and more circular shape in systole regardless of valve type.
• As compared to previously published data, the bicuspid aortic valve annulus has physiological dynamics similar to that encountered in tricuspid valves but with overall larger dimensions.
Exponential ReLU DNN Expression of Holomorphic Maps in High Dimension
Authors: Opschoor J. A. A. , Schwab Ch. , Zech J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor a parameter dimension $$d\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

, we consider the approximation of many-parametric maps $$u: [-\,1,1]^d\rightarrow {\mathbb R}$$

u
:

[
-

1
,
1
]

d

→
R

by deep ReLU neural networks. The input dimension d may possibly be large, and we assume quantitative control of the domain of holomorphy of u: i.e., u admits a holomorphic extension to a Bernstein polyellipse $${{\mathcal {E}}}_{\rho _1}\times \cdots \times {{\mathcal {E}}}_{\rho _d} \subset {\mathbb {C}}^d$$

E

ρ
1

×
⋯
×

E

ρ
d

⊂

C

d

of semiaxis sums $$\rho _i>1$$

ρ
i

>
1

containing $$[-\,1,1]^{d}$$

[
-

1
,
1
]

d

. We establish the exponential rate $$O(\exp (-\,bN^{1/(d+1)}))$$

O
(
exp

(
-

b

N

1
/
(
d
+
1
)

)

)

of expressive power in terms of the total NN size N and of the input dimension d of the ReLU NN in $$W^{1,\infty }([-\,1,1]^d)$$

W

1
,
∞

(

[
-

1
,
1
]

d

)

. The constant $$b>0$$

b
>
0

depends on $$(\rho _j)_{j=1}^d$$

(

ρ
j

)

j
=
1

d

which characterizes the coordinate-wise sizes of the Bernstein-ellipses for u. We also prove exponential convergence in stronger norms for the approximation by DNNs with more regular, so-called “rectified power unit” activations. Finally, we extend DNN expression rate bounds also to two classes of non-holomorphic functions, in particular to d-variate, Gevrey-regular functions, and, by composition, to certain multivariate probability distribution functions with Lipschitz marginals.
Real-time limb tracking in single depth images based on circle matching and line fitting
Authors: Tschiedel Michael , Russold Michael Friedrich , Kaniusas Eugenijus , Vincze Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModern lower limb prostheses neither measure nor incorporate healthy residual leg information for intent recognition or device control. In order to increase robustness and reduce misclassification of devices like these, we propose a vision-based solution for real-time 3D human contralateral limb tracking (CoLiTrack). An inertial measurement unit and a depth camera are placed on the side of the prosthesis. The system is capable of estimating the shank axis of the healthy leg. Initially, the 3D input is transformed into a stabilized coordinate system. By splitting the subsequent shank estimation problem into two less computationally intensive steps, the computation time is significantly reduced: First, an iterative closest point algorithm is applied to fit circular models against 2D projections. Second, the random sample consensus method is used to determine the final shank axis. In our study, three experiments were conducted to validate the static, the dynamic and the real-world performance of our CoLiTrack approach. The shank angle can be tracked at 20 Hz for one sixth of the entire human gait cycle with an angle estimation error below $$2.8\pm 2.1^{\circ }$$

2.8
±
2
.

1
∘

. Our promising results demonstrate the robustness of the novel CoLiTrack approach to make “next-generation prostheses” more user-friendly, functional and safe.
The performance of CORDEX-EA-II simulations in simulating seasonal temperature and elevation-dependent warming over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Niu Xiaorui , Tang Jianping , Chen Deliang , Wang Shuyu , Ou Tinghai , Fu Congbin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo explore the driving mechanisms of elevation-dependent warming (EDW) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the output from a suite of numerical experiments with different cumulus parameterization schemes (CPs) under the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments-East Asia (CORDEX-EA-II) project is examined. Results show that all experiments can broadly capture the observed temperature distributions over the TP with consistent cold biases, and the spread in temperature simulations commonly increases with elevation with the maximum located around 4000–5000 m. Such disagreements among the temperature simulations could to a large extent be explained by their spreads in the surface albedo feedback (SAF). All the experiments reproduce the observed EDW below 5000 m in winter but fail to capture the observed EDW above 4500 m in spring. Further analysis suggests that the simulated EDW during winter is mainly caused by the SAF, and the clear-sky downward longwave radiation (LWclr) plays a secondary role in shaping EDW. The models’ inability in simulating EDW during spring is closely related to the SAF and the surface cloud radiative forcing (CRFs). Furthermore, the magnitude and structure of the simulated EDW are sensitive to the choice of CPs. Different CPs generate diverse snow cover fractions, which can modulate the simulated SAF and its effect on EDW. Also, the CPs show great influence on the LWclr via altering the low-level air temperature. Additionally, the mechanism for different temperature changes among the experiments varies with altitudes during summer and autumn, as the diverse temperature changes appear to be caused by the LWclr for the low altitudes while by the SAF for the middle-high altitudes.
Mechanical plus oral bowel preparation with paromomycin and metronidazole reduces infectious complications in elective colorectal surgery: a matched case-control study
Authors: Mehdorn Matthias , Lübbert Christoph , Chaberny Iris F. , Gockel Ines , Jansen-Winkeln Boris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Infectious complications are as high as 30% in elective colorectal surgery. In recent years, several studies have discussed the topic of preoperative bowel decontamination prior to colorectal surgery in order to reduce postoperative infectious complications and have found significant effects of oral antibiotic administration with a large variety of drugs used. No study has evaluated the combination of oral paromomycin and metronidazole in this context.

Methods
We performed a prospective single-center study with a matched-pair retrospective cohort to evaluate postoperative infectious complications (superficial site infections, organ space abscess, anastomotic leakage) in elective colorectal surgery.

Patients
A total of 120 patients were available for study inclusion; 101 gave informed consent and were included. A total of 92 patients were matched and subsequently analyzed. We could show a reduction in overall infectious complications in the intervention group (15.2% vs 30.8%, p = 0.018; odds ratio 0.333, 95% CI 0.142–0.784) as well as a reduction in superficial surgical site infections (8.7 vs 19.6%, p = 0.041, OR 0.333, 95% CI 0.121–0.917). The frequency of the other infectious complications such as intraabdominal abscesses and anastomotic leakage showed a tendency towards decreased frequencies in the intervention group (OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.235–2.169 and OR 0.571; 95% CI 0.167–1.952, respectively). Finally, the oral antibiotic administration led to an almost significantly reduced length of stay (12.24 days vs 15.25 days; p = 0.057).

Conclusions
Oral paromomycin and metronidazole with intravenous ertapenem effectively reduce infectious complications in elective colorectal surgery.

Trial registration
The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03759886) December 17, 2018
Advances in dietary pattern analysis in nutritional epidemiology
Authors: Schulz Christina-Alexandra , Oluwagbemigun Kolade , Nöthlings Ute 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose
It used to be a common practice in the field of nutritional epidemiology to analyze separate nutrients, foods, or food groups. However, in reality, nutrients and foods are consumed in combination. The introduction of dietary patterns (DP) and their analysis has revolutionized this field, making it possible to take into account the synergistic effects of foods and to account for the complex interaction among nutrients and foods. Three approaches of DP analysis exist: (1) the hypothesis-based approach (based on prior knowledge regarding the current understanding of dietary components and their health relation), (2) the exploratory approach (solely relying on dietary intake data), and (3) the hybrid approach (a combination of both approaches). During the recent past, complementary approaches for DP analysis have emerged both conceptually and methodologically.

Method
We have summarized the recent developments that include incorporating the Treelet transformation method as a complementary exploratory approach in a narrative review.

Results
Uses, peculiarities, strengths, limitations, and scope of recent developments in DP analysis are outlined. Next, the narrative review gives an overview of the literature that takes into account potential relevant dietary-related factors, specifically the metabolome and the gut microbiome in DP analysis. Then the review deals with the aspect of data processing that is needed prior to DP analysis, particularly when dietary data arise from assessment methods other than the long-established food frequency questionnaire. Lastly, potential opportunities for upcoming DP analysis are summarized in the outlook.

Conclusion
Biological factors like the metabolome and the microbiome are crucial to understand diet-disease relationships. Therefore, the inclusion of these factors in DP analysis might provide deeper insights.
HIMF deletion ameliorates acute myocardial ischemic injury by promoting macrophage transformation to reparative subtype
Authors: Li Yanjiao , Dong Min , Wang Qing , Kumar Santosh , Zhang Rui , Cheng Wanwen , Xiang Jiaqing , Wang Gang , Ouyang Kunfu , Zhou Ruxing , Xie Yaohong , Lu Yishen , Yi Jing , Duan Haixia , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAppropriately manipulating macrophage M1/M2 phenotypic transition is a promising therapeutic strategy for tissue repair after myocardial infarction (MI). Here we showed that gene ablation of hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) in mice (Himf−/−and HIMFflox/flox;Lyz2-Cre) attenuated M1 macrophage-dominated inflammatory response and promoted M2 macrophage accumulation in infarcted hearts. This in turn reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function after MI. Correspondingly, expression of HIMF in macrophages induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; the culturing medium of HIMF-overexpressing macrophages impaired the cardiac fibroblast viability and function. Furthermore, macrophage HIMF was found to up-regulate C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression, which exaggerated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via activating signal transducer of activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 3 (STAT3) signaling. Together these data suggested that HIMF promotes M1-type and prohibits M2-type macrophage polarization by activating the CHOP–STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway to negatively regulate myocardial repair. HIMF might thus constitute a novel target to treat MI.