bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Donald Trump Should Be a Fervent Advocate of Using Ranked-Choice Voting in 2024
Authors: Cervas Jonathan , Grofman Bernard 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis article builds on work by Devine and Kopko (2021) and Lacy and Burden (1999) who estimated a probit model of candidate choice from nationally representative survey data to determine the second choice of third-party voters. Using this model on 2020 election data, we show that the Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgenson probably cost Donald Trump victory in at least two states: Arizona and Georgia. Additionally, the popular-vote margin enjoyed by Joe Biden could have been between 260,000 and 525,000 fewer votes, using conservative estimates. The motivation for this article is to provide contrary evidence for two main misconceptions. First, that third-party candidates are “spoiling” elections for the Democrats. Our evidence clearly shows that third parties have the potential to hurt either of the two main parties; however, in 2020, it was Donald Trump who was hurt the most, although not consequentially. Second, some reformers believe that ranked-choice voting benefits the Democrats; again, we show that—all else being equal—in the 2020 presidential election, it was the Republicans who would have benefited by the change in rules because the majority of third-party votes went to the Libertarian candidate, whose voters prefer Republicans over Democrats 60% to 32%.
Disparities in end-of-life outcomes among advanced cancer patients in Sri Lanka: Results from the APPROACH study
Authors: Hapuarachchi Thushari , Fernando GVMC , Weerasingha Sujeeva , Ozdemir Semra , Teo Irene , Vishwanath Padmini , Priyanthi Alexina , Finkelstein Eric , Malhotra Chetna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveA Universal Health Coverage goal is to provide access to affordable palliative care to reduce disparities in end-of-life (EOL) outcomes. To assess progress toward this goal in Sri Lanka, our primary aim was to systematically assess differences in patients’ physical, psychological, social and spiritual outcomes, and their perceived quality of care by their socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsAs part of the multi-country APPROACH (Asian Patient Perspectives Regarding Oncology Awareness, Care and Health) study, we surveyed 199 patients with a stage IV solid malignant tumor and aged >21 years from the largest government cancer hospital in Sri Lanka. We assessed their physical (physical and functional well-being, symptom burden), psychological (anxiety, depression, emotional well-being), social (social well-being), and spiritual outcomes and perceived quality of care (physician communication, nursing care, and coordination/responsiveness).ResultsLow SES patients reported significantly lower physical and functional well-being, emotional well-being, spiritual well-being including meaning/peace and faith; and significantly higher symptom burden, anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with patients from high SES (p < 0.05 for all outcomes).Significance of resultsResults have implications regarding reducing barriers in access to appropriate palliative care and EOL care services to stage IV cancer patients from low SES in Sri Lanka.
Suffering from Suffrage: Welfare State Development and the Politics of Citizenship Disqualification
Authors: Andersen David , Jensen Carsten , Rasmussen Magnus B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing the landmark essay of T. H. Marshall,Citizenship and the Social Class(1949), it has conventionally been assumed that the introduction and expansion of social rights in Europe happened as the final stage of a long process of democratization that included the granting of first civil and then political rights. We present a radically different perspective on the relationship between the extension of suffrage (under meaningful competition for government power) and social rights, that is state-financed entitlements that make citizens’ livelihood independent from the labor market in the instance of events such as unemployment or sickness. First, some countries institutionalized a state-financed poor relief system much before mass democratization. In these countries, the primary effect of suffrage extension was to reduce public social spending, not expand it. Second, the way this retrenchment occurred was partly by creating a negative link between social rights, on the one hand, and civil and political rights, on the other. We test our argument with case studies of nineteenth- to early-twentieth-century England, Denmark, Norway, and Prussia, all of which are paradigmatic cases that represent the variation in welfare state types.
The Lake Ice Continuum Concept: Influence of Winter Conditions on Energy and Ecosystem Dynamics
Authors: Cavaliere E. , Fournier I. B. , Hazuková V. , Rue G. P. , Sadro S. , Berger S. A. , Cotner J. B. , Dugan H. A. , Hampton S. E. , Lottig N. R. , McMeans B. C. , Ozersky T. , Powers S. M. , Rautio M. , O'Reilly C. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMillions of lakes worldwide are distributed at latitudes or elevations resulting in the formation of lake ice during winter. Lake ice affects the transfer of energy, heat, light, and material between lakes and their surroundings creating an environment dramatically different from open‐water conditions. While this fundamental restructuring leads to distinct gradients in ions, dissolved gases, and nutrients throughout the water column, surprisingly little is known about the resulting effects on ecosystem processes and food webs, highlighting the lack of a general limnological framework that characterizes the structure and function of lakes under a gradient of ice cover. Drawing from the literature and three novel case studies, we present the Lake Ice Continuum Concept (LICC) as a model for understanding how key aspects of the physical, chemical, and ecological structure and function of lakes vary along a continuum of winter climate conditions mediated by ice and snow cover. We examine key differences in energy, redox, and ecological community structure and describe how they vary in response to shifts in physical mixing dynamics and light availability for lakes with ice and snow cover, lakes with clear ice alone, and lakes lacking winter ice altogether. Global change is driving ice covered lakes toward not only warmer annual average temperatures but also reduced, intermittent or no ice cover. The LICC highlights the wide range of responses of lakes to ongoing climate‐driven changes in ice cover and serves as a reminder of the need to understand the role of winter in the annual aquatic cycle.
Schwerpunkt: Väter
Authors: Klotzsch Anne-Katrin , Heidi Bernard , Garten Daniela , Kainer Franz , Klotzsch Anne-Katrin , Krahl Astrid , Lange Ute 
Published: October 2021

Wertvolle Protagonisten in Schwangerschaft, Geburt und WochenbettSelbst wenn Väter in der Hebammenbetreuung nicht im Mittelpunkt stehen und obwohl sie all die Veränderungen der Schwangerschaft oder den Geburtsschmerz nicht am eigenen Körper erleben: Die Geburt des eigenen Kindes ist für viele eine unvergessliche Erfahrung und die Zeit insgesamt eine prägende Phase im Leben. Vater zu werden und Vater zu sein – dies ist verbunden mit vielen Themen, Gedanken und offenen Fragen.
Software-Based Evaluation of Optimization Potential for Clinical MRI Scanners in Radiology
Authors: Meyl Tobias Philipp , Berghöfer Anne , Blatter Tobias , Heverhagen Johannes T. , de Bucourt Maximilian , Maurer Martin H. 
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of the study was to use a software application to analyze the examination times and changeover times of two clinically highly applied MRI scanners at a university hospital for radiology and to evaluate whether this could result in optimization potential for examination planning in the daily clinical routine of MRI diagnostics.
Materials and Methods Based on the newly developed software application “Teamplay Usage” (Siemens Healthineers, Germany), the examinations carried out on two MRI scanners (1.5 T and 3 T) were investigated within an analysis period of 12 months with regard to the type of examination and its duration. In addition, compliance with the previously defined planning time (30, 45, 60 min.) was checked and deviations were analyzed. In addition, the changeover times between the examinations were determined and a possible influence due to the exchange of MRI coils was investigated for a selection of change combinations.
Results For the total of 7184 (1.5 T: 3740; 3 T: 3444) examinations included in the study, the median examination time was 43:02 minutes (1.5 T: 43:17 min.; 3 T: 42:45 min.). The ten most frequent types of examinations per MRI scanner were completed within the predefined plan time of 54.5 % (1.5 T) and 51.9 % (3 T), taking into account a previously defined preparation and post-processing time of 9 minutes per examination. Overall, more time was spent on examinations with a planned time of 30 minutes, whereas the majority of the examinations planned with 45 minutes were also completed within this time. Examinations with a planned time of 60 minutes usually took less time. A comparison between the planned time and the determined examination duration of the most common types of examinations showed overall a slight potential for optimization. Coil exchanges between two examinations had a small, but statistically not significant effect on the median changeover time (p = 0.062).
Conclusion Utilizing a software-based analysis, a detailed overview of the type of examination, examination duration, and changeover times of frequently used clinical MRI scanners could be obtained. In the clinic examined, there was little potential for optimization of examination planning. An exchange of MRI coils necessary for different types of examination only had a small effect on the changeover times.
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Antipsychotic Drug Prescription in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A 10-Year U.S. Retrospective Database Study
Authors: Madden Kate , Wolf Michael , Tasker Robert C. , Figueroa Janet , McCracken Courtney , Hall Matt , Kamat Pradip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDelirium recognition during pediatric critical illness may result in the prescription of antipsychotic medication. These medications have unclear efficacy and safety. We sought to describe antipsychotic medication use in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) contributing to a U.S. national database. This study is an analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System Database between 2008 and 2018, including children admitted to a PICU aged 0 to 18 years, without prior psychiatric diagnoses. Antipsychotics were given in 16,465 (2.3%) of 706,635 PICU admissions at 30 hospitals. Risperidone (39.6%), quetiapine (22.1%), and haloperidol (20.8%) were the most commonly used medications. Median duration of prescription was 4 days (interquartile range: 2–11 days) for atypical antipsychotics, and haloperidol was used a median of 1 day (1–3 days). Trend analysis showed quetiapine use increased over the study period, whereas use of haloperidol and chlorpromazine (typical antipsychotics) decreased (p < 0.001). Compared with no antipsychotic administration, use of antipsychotics was associated with comorbidities (81 vs. 65%), mechanical ventilation (57 vs. 36%), longer PICU stay (6 vs. 3 days), and higher mortality (5.7 vs. 2.8%) in univariate analyses. In the multivariable model including demographic and clinical factors, antipsychotic prescription was associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.18). Use of atypical antipsychotics increased over the 10-year period, possibly reflecting increased comfort with their use in pediatric patients. Antipsychotics were more common in patients with comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, and longer PICU stay, and associated with higher mortality in an adjusted model which warrants further study.
Use of molecular scatology to assess the diet of feral cats living in urban colonies
Authors: Plimpton Laura D , Henger Carol S , Munshi-South Jason , Tufts Danielle , Kross Sara , Diuk-Wasser Maria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The overpopulation of domestic cats (Felis catus) presents a serious concern for wildlife conservationists, animal welfare advocates, public health officials, and community members alike. In cities, free-ranging, unowned cats often form high-density groups (commonly called ‘colonies’) around human provisioned food sources. While previous diet studies have primarily utilized morphology-based methods, molecular techniques offer a higher resolution alternative. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing techniques to examine the diet composition of feral cats living in five Trap-Neuter-Return colonies located in urban parks on Staten Island, a borough of New York City. We hypothesized that (1) cats living in urban colonies would still consume natural prey despite being regularly fed and (2) that the composition of taxa represented in the diet of each colony would vary, possibly due to differences in prey availability across sites. In total, 16 vertebrate prey taxa were identified in the diet, 13 at the genus level and 3 at the family level. Despite being regularly fed, 58.2% of cat scats contained DNA from natural prey. The diet composition of the cat colonies differed depending on the land cover composition surrounding the colony with the frequency of native prey positively correlated with the proportion of green space and that of non-native prey with developed land cover types. The use of molecular techniques combined with environmental DNA methods offers a promising, non-invasive approach to assessing the diet and consequently, impact of a highly abundant and non-native predator on the persistence of wildlife communities in cities.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: van der Heijden Yuri F , Zhang Bin , Chougnet Claire A , Huaman Moises A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) increases tuberculosis (TB) risk, but its relationship with latent TB infection (LTBI) is unknown. Using US nationally representative data, we report that CMV was independently associated with LTBI (odds ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.19–7.28; P=.02). CMV and LTBI were associated with higher C-reactive protein, suggesting chronic inflammation.
Trends in hospitalizations and deaths in HIV-infected patients in Spain over two decades
Authors: Ramos-Rincon José-Manuel , Menchi-Elanzi Maroune , Pinargote-Celorio Héctor , Mayoral Asunción , González-Alcaide Gregorio , de Mendoza Carmen , Barreiro Pablo , Gómez-Gallego Félix , Corral Octavio , Soriano Vicente 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The prognosis of HIV infection dramatically improved after the introduction of triple antiretroviral therapy 25 years ago. Herein, we report the impact of further improvements in HIV management since then, looking at all hospitalizations in persons with HIV (PWH) in Spain.

Methods:
A retrospective study using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved since 1997–2018.

Results:
From 79 647 783 nationwide hospital admissions recorded during the study period, 532 668 (0.67%) included HIV as diagnosis. The mean age of PWH hospitalized increased from 33 to 51 years (P < 0.001). The rate of HIV hospitalizations significantly declined after 2008. Comparing hospitalizations during the first (1997–2007) and last (2008–2018) decades, the rate of non-AIDS illnesses increased, mostly due to liver disease (from 35.9 to 38.3%), cardiovascular diseases (from 12.4 to 28.2%), non-AIDS cancers (from 6.4 to 15.5%), and kidney insufficiency (from 5.4 to 13%). In-hospital deaths occurred in 5.5% of PWH, declining significantly over time. Although most deaths were the result from AIDS conditions (34.8%), the most frequent non-AIDS deaths were liver disease (47.1%), cardiovascular events (29.2%), non-AIDS cancers (24.2%), and kidney insufficiency (20.7%).

Conclusion:
Hospital admissions in PWH significantly declined after 2008, following improvements in HIV management and antiretroviral therapy. Non-AIDS cancers, cardiovascular events and liver disease represent a growing proportion of hospital admissions and deaths in PWH.
Reaching for the ‘first 95’: a cross-country analysis of HIV self-testing in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: van Empel Eva , De Vlieg Rebecca A. , Harling Guy , Marcus Maja E. , Kahn Kathleen , Bärnighausen Till W. , Montana Livia , Choko Augustine T. , Manne-Goehler Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
HIV self-testing (HIVST) offers a promising approach to increase HIV diagnosis and advance progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. We aimed to understand patterns of HIVST awareness and utilization in nine sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, with the goal of identifying populations to target in disseminating this technology.

Design:
A cross-sectional study.

Methods:
We pooled individual-level population-based data from nine Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in SSA conducted 2015–2019 (Burundi, Cameroon, Guinea, Malawi, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe). Primary outcomes were HIVST awareness and utilization. We used logistic regression with survey fixed effects to explore the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and these outcomes. Models were adjusted for sex, age, rural/urban residence, education, wealth, and marital status. We accounted for complex survey design.

Results:
The study sample included 177 572 people (66.0% women, mean age 29 ± 10 years), of whom 86.6% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 86.4–86.7] were unaware of HIVST, 11.7% (95% CI 11.6–11.9) were aware of but never used HIVST, and 1.7% (95% CI 1.6–1.8) had used HIVST. In adjusted models, women were less likely to be aware of HIVST [odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.71–0.79], but more likely to have used HIVST (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.32) compared with men. Rural residents, those who were least educated, and poorest were less likely to have heard of or used HIVST.

Conclusion:
HIVST awareness and uptake were low. Rural, less educated, and lower income populations were least likely to have heard of or used HIVST. Efforts to scale-up HIVST in these settings should aim to reach these less advantaged groups.
Safety climate and occupational safety behaviours: the mediating role of psychological ownership among construction professionals
Authors: Novieto Divine Tuinese 
Published: October 2021

PurposeEncouraging employee's safety behaviour remains a challenge in the construction industry from developing countries. Several studies have examined the nexus between safety climate and safety behaviour. This paper investigates the psychological ownership as a mediator in the relationship between safety climate and occupational safety behaviours among construction professionals in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional design was used for the study. Two hundred and eighty-two respondents (282) took part in the study by completing an online survey. The respondents were selected using a convenience sample technique. Data were processed using IBM SPSS version 21. The results were analysed using PLS-SEM.FindingsResults of the study reveal that safety climate positively predicts construction professional's safety behaviour and psychological ownership. Furthermore, psychological ownership was found to (1) predict occupational safety behaviour and (2) mediate the nexus of safety climate and occupational safety behaviour.Practical implicationsManagers should continuously implement far-reaching policies that would promote healthy workplace safety climate and feeling of ownership among construction professionals.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the pioneers to have tested a model including safety climate, occupational safety behaviour and psychological ownership in a constructional profession.
Development and application of the semantic annotation framework for digital images
Authors: Chen Jinju , Ou Shiyan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to semantically annotate the content of digital images with the use of Semantic Web technologies and thus facilitate retrieval, integration and knowledge discovery.

Design/Methodology/Approach
After a review and comparison of the existing semantic annotation models for images and a deep analysis of the characteristics of the content of images, a multi-dimensional and hierarchical general semantic annotation framework for digital images was proposed. On this basis, taking histories images, advertising images and biomedical images as examples, by integrating the characteristics of images in these specific domains with related domain knowledge, the general semantic annotation framework for digital images was customized to form a domain annotation ontology for the images in a specific domain. The application of semantic annotation of digital images, such as semantic retrieval, visual analysis and semantic reuse, were also explored.

Findings
The results showed that the semantic annotation framework for digital images constructed in this paper provided a solution for the semantic organization of the content of images. On this basis, deep knowledge services such as semantic retrieval, visual analysis can be provided.

Originality/Value
The semantic annotation framework for digital images can reveal the fine-grained semantics in a multi-dimensional and hierarchical way, which can thus meet the demand for enrichment and retrieval of digital images.
Blackness as intervention: Black English outer spaces and the rupturing of antiblackness and/in English education
Authors: Coles Justin A. , Kingsley Maria 
Published: October 2021

PurposeBy engaging in critical literacy, participants theorized Blackness and antiblackness. The purpose of this study was to have participants theorize Blackness and antiblackness through their engagements with critical literacy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a youth-centered and informed Black critical-race grounded methodology.FindingsParticipants’ unique and varied revelations of Blackness as Vitality, Blackness as Cognizance and Blackness as Expansive Community, served to withstand, confront and transcend encounters with antiblackness in English curricula.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a model for how to engage Black youth as a means to disrupt anti-Black English education spaces.Social implicationsThis study provides a foundation for future research efforts of Black English outer spaces as they relate to English education. Findings in this study may also inform existing English educator practices.Originality/valueThis study theorized both the role and the flexible nature of Black English outer spaces. It defined the multi-ethnic nature of Blackness. It proposed that affirmations of Blackness sharpened participants’ critical literacies in Black English outer spaces as a transformative intervention to anti-Black English education spaces.