bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage hepatectomy for local recurrence after particle therapy using proton and carbon ion beams for liver cancer
Authors: Tanaka Motofumi , Komatsu Shohei , Kido Masahiro , Toyama Hirochika , Tominaga Masahiro , Uchida Yoichiro , Terashima Kazuki , Demizu Yusuke , Okimoto Tomoaki , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimWith the increased use of particle therapy for liver cancer, local recurrence after particle therapy increased. Salvage hepatectomy is an acceptable treatment option for local recurrence following particle therapy; however, its safety and effectiveness remain unclear. Therefore, this multi‐center study aimed to verify the feasibility and efficacy of salvage hepatectomy and assess clinical issues associated with its application.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the perioperative outcomes, prognosis, and pathological characteristics of 15 patients who underwent salvage hepatectomy for local recurrence after particle therapy between 2006 and 2019.ResultsHepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver tumors were noted in eight and seven patients, respectively. The mean total dose and number of fractions were 66.5 Gy and 12, respectively, and the mean interval between particle therapy and surgery was 30.1 months. Major hepatectomy was performed in seven cases. Moreover, the mortality rate was 0%, and surgical complications of Clavien‐Dindo grade IIIa or higher were observed in four cases (27%)—two bile leakages, one pleural effusion, and one refractory skin fistula. The median overall survival time and 5‐year overall survival rate after salvage hepatectomy were 29.9 months and 43.1%, respectively. Histological examination of the irradiated liver tissue surrounding the tumor showed sinusoidal dilatation, loss of hepatocyte, and fibrosis in most cases.ConclusionSalvage hepatectomy after particle therapy is a feasible therapy; however, the risk of refractory complications associated with particle therapy is relatively high. Therefore, the first‐line treatment for resectable liver cancer should be carefully determined considering second‐line treatment after local recurrence.
Inhibition of temperature runaway phenomenon in the Sabatier process using bed dilution structure: LBM‐DEM simulation
Authors: Lin Yixiong , Yang Chen , Choi Cheolyong , Zhang Wei , Fukumoto Kazui , Machida Hiroshi , Norinaga Koyo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Sabatier process is promising for carbon dioxide utilization and energy storage. However, the serious problem that limits more comprehensive industrial applications is catalyst deactivation due to the temperature runaway phenomenon. The inert particle dilution approach, including the mixing dilution method and layered dilution method is applied to solve this problem. Based on the lattice kinetic scheme‐lattice Boltzmann method (LKS‐LBM), the effects of three parameters in bed dilution structure reconstructed by the discrete element method (DEM) on temperature distribution and carbon conversion rate were discussed, so as to investigate the relationship between packing structure and temperature distribution. Furthermore, numerical results indicated that an optimal bed dilution structure, which not only can control the peak temperature below the critical temperature to avoid coking and sintering of catalyst, but also can improve the conversion rate by almost 18% compared with the structure without dilution under the same circumstance.
Pediatric Cushing syndrome: An early sign of an underling cancer predisposition syndrome
Authors: Schweiger Bahareh M. , Esakhan Chaya L. , Frishberg David , Grand Katheryn , Garg Ruchira , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic overgrowth and cancer predisposition syndrome that can be associated with a spectrum of clinical features including isolated lateralized overgrowth, macrosomia, macroglossia, organomegaly, omphalocele/umbilical hernia, and distinct facial features. Because of a range of clinical presentations and molecular defects involving Chromosome 11p15, many cases will fall within what is now being defined as the Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp). Cushing syndrome (CS) in infants is a rare neuroendocrinological disease associated with hypercortisolism that has rarely been reported in patients with BWS. Here, we describe the first case of a 5‐month‐old male with CS secondary to paternal uniparental disomy of Chromosome 11p without additional clinical signs or symptoms of BWS. This case continues to expand the phenotypic spectrum of BWSp.
Visible‐Light Mediated Metal‐Free Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Isatin Derivatives with Electron‐Poor Alkenes
Authors: Maji Kakoli , Rai Pramod , Maji Biplab 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA transition metal‐free cross‐electrophile coupling of isatins with acceptor‐substituted alkene has been developed. The reaction operates at room temperature utilizing abundant amine as the terminal reductant under visible light irradiation. A large number of γ‐hydroxy esters and γ‐butyrolactones were synthesized in moderate to good yields tolerating a broad range of functional groups.
Studies of aging nonhuman primates illuminate the etiology of early‐stage Alzheimer's‐like neuropathology: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Arnsten Amy F. T. , Datta Dibyadeep , Preuss Todd M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) preferentially afflicts the limbic and recently enlarged association cortices, causing a progression of mnemonic and cognitive deficits. Although genetic mouse models have helped reveal mechanisms underlying the rare, autosomal‐dominant forms of AD, the etiology of the more common, sporadic form of AD remains unknown, and is challenging to study in mice due to their limited association cortex and lifespan. It is also difficult to study in human brains, as early‐stage tau phosphorylation can degrade postmortem. In contrast, rhesus monkeys have extensive association cortices, are long‐lived, and can undergo perfusion fixation to capture early‐stage tau phosphorylation in situ. Most importantly, rhesus monkeys naturally develop amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau, synaptic loss, and cognitive deficits with advancing age, and thus can be used to identify the early molecular events that initiate and propel neuropathology in the aging association cortices. Studies to date suggest that the particular molecular signaling events needed for higher cognition—for example, high levels of calcium to maintain persistent neuronal firing‐ lead to tau phosphorylation and inflammation when dysregulated with advancing age. The expression of NMDAR‐NR2B (GluN2B)—the subunit that fluxes high levels of calcium—increases over the cortical hierarchy and with the expansion of association cortex in primate evolution, consistent with patterns of tau pathology. In the rhesus monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, spines contain NMDAR‐NR2B and the molecular machinery to magnify internal calcium release near the synapse, as well as phosphodiesterases, mGluR3, and calbindin to regulate calcium signaling. Loss of regulation with inflammation and/or aging appears to be a key factor in initiating tau pathology. The vast expansion in the numbers of these synapses over primate evolution is consistent with the degree of tau pathology seen across species: marmoset < rhesus monkey < chimpanzee < human, culminating in the vast neurodegeneration seen in humans with AD.
Effects of large volume, isotonic nasal saline irrigation for acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Chitsuthipakorn Wirach , Thanaphiphatsatja Angsuthorn , Doungbuppha Peeravuit , Lawpoolsri Saranath , Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Snidvongs Kornkiat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of nasal saline irrigation (large volume, positive pressure isotonic saline) in addition to standard treatment in patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS).MethodsThis parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital. The adult patients with ARS (age ≥18 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. The irrigation group received 0.9% saline irrigation twice daily, using a 250‐ml squeeze bottle, in addition to standard treatment. The no‐irrigation group received standard treatment only. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 1 week, and 2 weeks. The quality of life, rhinologic subscore, symptom score, endoscopy score, and cure rate were compared.ResultsSixty‐one patients (30: irrigation, 31: no‐irrigation) were enrolled. There were 17 males and 44 females. The mean age was 41.06 years. Although both groups showed improvements, the improvement of each outcome was not different between the groups. Subgroup analysis by ARS subtype showed benefits of irrigation in the common cold subgroup; the improvements that were greater than control included: rhinologic subscore, intergroup mean difference −4.15 [95% confidence interval (CI), −7.49, −0.80] at 1 week and −5.23 [95% CI, −9.69, −0.78] at 2 weeks; combined symptom score −5.35 [95% CI, −10.55, −0.14] at 1 week and −8.02 [95%CI, −14.36, −1.70] at 2 weeks.ConclusionThe add‐on isotonic nasal saline irrigation using a large volume, positive pressure device did not add benefits equally for all ARS patients. The benefits of irrigation on quality of life and nasal symptoms were only observed in the common cold patient subgroup.
Economic risk analysis for the capture of a distributed energy resource using modular chemical process intensification
Authors: Shankar Raman Arvind , Haapala Karl R. , O'Connor James T. , Paul Brian K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the chemical process industry have allowed for the intensification of reactors and unit operations, by enhancing heat and mass transfer or combining multiple unit operations. Process intensification can enable chemical plants to be constructed in a more compact, modular fashion, offering improvements over conventional on‐site approaches to capital construction, operations and maintenance. This modular chemical process intensification (MCPI) offers several benefits over conventional stick‐built (CSB) plant construction in terms of reduced footprint, reduced energy consumption, lower cost, less waste and improved safety and quality control. However, acceptance of MCPI over CSB construction practices within the chemical industry can be impeded by the uncertain risks associated with investing in new technology. The work here documents a case study during the development of a modular chemical plant for capturing distributed energy resources within chemical production. This MCPI approach to plant construction is contrasted with a CSB approach for producing the same chemical product. Data collection tools were developed, based on a literature review, and data was collected from the technology developer to understand the process technology. Sensitivity analysis was then conducted to analyze the business rationale for the application of MCPI over CSB across several market scenarios. It was found that MCPI would be better suited for capacities up to 150 000 metric tons per year, but that improvement in payback period was needed. Additionally, for MCPI approach to achieve acceptable payback periods, efforts are needed to reduce the cost of capital equipment and compress the schedule for ramping up modular production.
Tetrazole‐Functionalized Zirconium Metal‐Organic Cages for Efficient C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 Separations
Authors: Fan Weidong , Peh Shing Bo , Zhang Zhaoqiang , Yuan Hongye , Yang Ziqi , Wang Yuxiang , Chai Kungang , Sun Daofeng , Zhao Dan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIsoreticular functionalization is a well‐elucidated strategy for pore environment tuning and the basis of gas separation performance in extended frameworks. The extension of this approach to discrete porous molecules such as metal‐organic cages (MOCs) is conceptually straightforward but hindered by synthetic complications, especially stability concerns. We report the successful isoreticular functionalization of a zirconium MOC with tetrazole moiety by bottom‐up synthesis. The title compound (ZrT‐1‐tetrazol) shows promising C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 separation performance, as demonstrated by adsorption isotherms, breakthrough experiments, and density functional theory calculations. The design analogy between MOFs and highly stable MOCs may guide the synthesis of novel porous materials for challenging separation applications.
Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Bisdibenzocorannulene in Multiple Redox States
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Chenxin , Wang Xinhao , Li Guangwu , Peng Wangwang , Xiao Huiping , Luo Shenglian , Xie Sheng , Wu Jishan , Zeng Zebing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report an anti‐folded bowl‐shaped bisdibenzocorannulene (BDBC) featuring a new chair‐cyclohexane‐like hexagon as a bridge of two dibenzocorannulene moieties. The neutral compound showed multiple redox‐active properties and could be converted to the corresponding redox states through chemical reduction or oxidation. Chemical reduction of BDBC by stoichiometric addition of metallic potassium in the presence of [18]crown‐6 ether, provided a radical anion BDBC.− and a dianion BDBC2−, respectively; while chemical oxidation by silver hexafluoroantimonate(V), converted the neutral compound to an open‐shell singlet diradical dication (BDBC..)2+. The structural consequences of both electron‐reduction and oxidation were closely related to the release of ring‐strain of the bowl‐shaped π‐scaffold and imposed steric hindrance of the hexagonal bridge. In addition, the unusual open‐shell nature of the dication could mainly be attributed to the changing of localized antiaromaticity in the closed‐shell structure to delocalized character in the biradical, and thus the emergence of weakly bonded π‐electrons.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dealkenylative Arylation of Alkenes with Arylboronic Compounds
Authors: Tan Guangying , Das Mowpriya , Maisuls Iván , Strassert Cristian A. , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe C−C bond formation reaction represents a fundamental and important transformation in synthetic chemistry, and exploring new types of C−C bond formation reactions is recognized as appealing, yet challenging. Herein, we disclose the first example of rhodium‐catalyzed dealkenylative arylation of alkenes with arylboronic compounds, thereby providing an unconventional access to bi(hetero)aryls with excellent chemoselectivity. In this method, C(aryl)−C(alkenyl) and C(alkenyl)−C(alkenyl) bonds in various alkenes and 1,3‐dienes can be cleaved via a hydrometalation and followed by β‐carbon elimination pathway for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. Furthermore, a series of novel organic fluorescent molecules with excellent photophysical properties has been efficiently constructed with this protocol.
Structural silicone sealants after exposure to laboratory test for durability assessment
Authors: Wallau Wilma , Recknagel Christoph , Smales Glen J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the service life of structural sealant glazing (SSG) facades, the load‐bearing capacity of the silicone bonds needs to be guaranteed. Laboratory tests can assess the durability of SSG‐systems based on mechanical characteristics of the bond after simultaneous exposure to both climatic and mechanical loads. This article studies how the material characteristics of two common structural sealants are affected by laboratory and field exposure. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms a reduction in the dynamic modulus of exposed silicone samples. Results from thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering show differences between the two sealants and indicate no/minor changes in the composition and morphology of the laboratory and field exposed sealants. Mechanical characterization methods, such as DMA, and tensile and shear testing of the structural bond, are shown to be sensitive toward the combined climatic and mechanical loadings, and are hence suitable for studying degradation mechanisms of structural sealants.
Radiation initiated synthesis, characterization, and swelling behavior of poly (acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)/starch grafted hydrogel
Authors: Ebrahimi Rajabali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe powerful waves of ultrasound are used in polymerization reactions in the absence of initiator. In the present research, the hydrogel was obtained by water‐soluble acrylic monomers, starch, and the crosslinking agent of methylene bis acrylamide dissolved in water/glycerol dual. The hydrogel is formed by these waves only in viscous environments such as glycerol, heat, or initiator is not required. In the presence of ultrasound, the time of product formation is reduced to a few minutes. Moreover, the resulting hydrogels have more uniform microscopic structure and are more swollen. The structure of the grafted hydrogel was examined meanwhile the hydrogel swelling in three environments of pure water, saltwater, and under pressure was measured. It was found that the grafted hydrogel has double swelling rate in the pure. Also, after loading the ciprofloxacin into the synthesized hydrogel, this drug is released 99% in initial 20 min. 0.1 g starch in 1.5 g acrylic hydrogel has the most drug release. The high swelling capacity in the pH ranges of 5–9 shows the extension of drug application in acidic or alkaline environments, and also after several using the gel and the capacity of water absorbency, which was about 70% of its initial water, indicates the perfect reusability capacity of the gel.
Poly(ether sulfone) hollow fiber membranes prepared via nonsolvent‐induced phase separation using the green solvent Agnique®AMD3 L
Authors: Uebele Sarah , Johann Kai S. , Goetz Tobias , Gronwald Oliver , Ulbricht Mathias , Schiestel Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the development of sustainable membrane manufacturing processes by the use of environmentally friendly solvents has become a considerable challenge. In this work, poly(ether sulfone) (PES) hollow fiber membranes were manufactured by the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) using the green solvent Agnique® AMD 3 L (N,N‐dimethyl lactamide; AMD) andN‐ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NEP) as a conventional solvent. The effect of the solvent on the dope solution and membrane properties was investigated. The morphology, mechanical characteristics, barrier pore sizes as well as gas and water permeances of the hollow fibers prepared with AMD were evaluated and compared to membranes that were similarly prepared using NEP as solvent. Membranes prepared with AMD as polymer solvent and NEP as bore liquid exhibit the largest barrier pore size among all variations. Thus, highest water permeance of 406.9 ± 37.4 kg m−2 h−1 bar−1was obtained with this combination. Whereas AMD as sole solvent in membrane preparation decreases membrane permeances caused by a denser membrane structure. Nevertheless, AMD is a promising solvent for a sustainable membrane fabrication providing membrane properties that are competitive with membranes manufactured using the conventional solvent NEP.
Behavioural plasticity and population connectivity: Contributors to the establishment of new pinniped breeding colonies
Authors: Chilvers B. Louise , Dobbins M. L. (Phred) 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that occur during range shift or (re‐)colonization is of critical importance for species whose ranges are changing due to human‐induced climate change or species such as New Zealand sea lions where their established colonies are significantly declining due to human impacts.
The mechanisms underlying colonization are poorly understood. Observations are required to determine the processes that change individual's behaviour associated with colonization, but such observations are rare.
Here, the establishment of a new breeding colony of New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri, as they recolonized mainland New Zealand, an area from which they had been absent for ~200 years was investigated.
There are differences in breeding location behaviour and population connectivity between established and establishing colonies of New Zealand sea lions. The recolonizing population is more dispersed with breeding locations that change annually and have more connections with other populations compared with established colonies and populations.
The establishment of a new colony and the greater numbers of resightings between colonies means that for species' management, considerably more public education, habitat management, and protection is needed to ensure the safe return of New Zealand sea lions back on to mainland New Zealand.
Aquatic areas of ecological importance as inputs into surface water resource protection areas in Zambia
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , Paxton Bruce , Chivava Faith , Katiyo Loreen , Phiri Harris , Katongo Cyprian , Thieme Michele L. , Lehner Bernhard , Linke Simon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Although the network of national parks in Zambia offers a degree of protection for freshwater diversity, the protection status of numerous systems outside of these parks requires further action. The biodiversity associated with its freshwater systems, both lotic and lentic, is unique, covering a climatic gradient from tropical to subtropical across the Zambezi and Congo basins. Recent Zambian legislation allows for the delineation of water resource protection areas (WRPAs), with one of the criteria being that they include aquatic areas of ecological importance (AEIs).
In this study, a systematic conservation planning approach was used to identify aquatic AEIs objectively. Importantly, the approach included a rigorous and iterative stakeholder engagement and review process.
The conservation planning software marxan was chosen because of its ability to integrate upstream–downstream connectivity. In total, 5,671 planning units (sub‐catchments with an average area of approx. 14,000 ha) were populated with 77 biodiversity features: data were drawn from a wide range of sources, and included fishes, semi‐aquatic mammals, molluscs, amphibians, and ecotonal physiographic features, such as waterfalls. Sub‐catchments were preferentially chosen using a combination of area‐ and distance‐weighted boundary costs.
The final solution highlights critical clusters in each of the major freshwater ecoregions in Zambia, with all conservation targets being met. Results show that although the existing protected area network also coincides with identified aquatic AEIs, approximately 80% of all aquatic AEIs fall outside of formally protected areas.
The outcomes of this process serve as one of three prioritization layers (the other two being water provision and sensitivity to human impacts) that are integrated in a larger study to select and prioritize WRPAs.
A novel optimal control design for unknown nonlinear systems based on adaptive dynamic programming and nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhang Guoshan , Zheng Yuqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel adaptive optimal control algorithm by combining adaptive dynamic programming with nonlinear model predictive control for unknown continuous‐time affine nonlinear systems. The adaptive optimal control design is realized by the model‐critic‐actor architecture. Model neural network, critic neural network and actor neural network are constructed to approximate the system dynamics, the cost function and the optimal control law respectively. The random initialization of neural networks usually influences the control performance, so three neural networks are initialized properly to obtain the suitable initial values so that the control performance is improved. Especially, actor neural network is initialized to approximate the near‐optimal control law which is obtained from nonlinear model predictive control. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.