bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long‐time orphan protist Meringosphaeramediterranea Lohmann, 1902 [1903] is a centrohelid heliozoan
Authors: Zlatogursky Vasily V. , Shɨshkin Yegor , Drachko Daria , Burki Fabien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeringosphaera is an enigmatic marine protist without clear phylogenetic affiliation, but it has long been suggested to be a chrysophyte‐related autotroph. Microscopy‐based reports indicate that it has a worldwide distribution, but no sequence data exist so far. We obtained the first 18S rDNA sequence for M. mediterranea (identified using light and electron microscopy) from the west coast of Sweden. Observations of living cells revealed granulated axopodia and up to 6 globular photosynthesizing bodies about 2 μm in diameter, the nature of which requires further investigation. The ultrastructure of barbed undulating spine scales and patternless plate scales with a central thickening is in agreement with previous reports. Molecular phylogenetic analysis placed M. mediterranea inside the NC5 environmental clade of Centroplasthelida (Haptista) along with additional environmental sequences, together closely related to Choanocystidae. This placement is supported by similar scales in Meringosphaera and Choanocystidae. We searched the Tara Oceans 18S V9 metabarcoding dataset, which revealed four OTUs with 94.8%–98.2% similarity, with oceanic distribution similar to that based on morphological observations. The current taxonomic position and species composition of the genus are discussed. The planktonic lifestyle of M. mediterranea contradicts the view of some authors that centrohelids enter the plankton only temporarily.
MicroRNA expression profiling of sea perch brain cells reveals the roles of microRNAs in autophagy induced by RGNNV infection
Authors: Jia Peng , Pan Hongbo , Cui Kuopeng , Jia Kuntong , Yi Meisheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the most destructive fish viruses and affects more than 120 marine and freshwater teleost species. However, the pathogenesis of NNV has not been made clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of viral infection. To understand the roles and regulation patterns of miRNAs in NNV infection, high‐throughput sequencing was carried out in Lateolabrax japonicus brain (LJB) cells with or without red‐spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) infection at 12 and 24 hr. Here, we identified 59 known and 61 novel differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) between mock and RGNNV‐infected LJB cells. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in immune‐related signalling pathways, such as autophagy, mitophagy and TGF‐beta signalling pathways. The expression patterns of four DE miRNAs (lja‐miR‐145, lja‐miR‐182, lja‐miR‐183 and lja‐miR‐187) were verified by qRT‐PCR both in vivo and in vitro. We found that lja‐miR‐145 promoted RGNNV proliferation, while lja‐miR‐183 suppressed RGNNV proliferation. Furthermore, lja‐miR‐145 facilitated RGNNV‐induced autophagy activation, whereas lja‐miR‐183 repressed autophagy in LJB cells as measured by LC3B‐II/I and p62 protein levels. All these results indicate the involvement of lja‐miR‐145 and lja‐miR‐183 in RGNNV‐induced autophagy. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the important roles of miRNAs in NNV infection and a basis for uncovering the molecular regulation mechanism of NNV‐induced autophagy.
Culture, cognisance, capacity and capability: The interrelationship of individual and organisational factors in developing a research hospital
Authors: Oulton Kate , Wray Jo , Kelly Paula , Khair Kate , Sell Debbie , Gibson Faith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo share our experience of implementing a programme of interventions aimed at building research capacity and capability of nurses and allied health professionals in a specialist children's hospital.BackgroundClinicians at the forefront of care are well positioned to lead on research to improve outcomes and experiences of patients but some professional groups continue to be underrepresented. Inequities persist alongside robust national infrastructures to support Clinical Academic Careers for non‐medical health professionals, further highlighting the need to address local infrastructure and leadership to successfully build research capacity.DesignAn evolving programme of inquiry and analysis was established in one organisation, this included targeted interventions to mitigate barriers and enable research capacity and capability.MethodsAn all‐staff survey was conducted in 2015 to understand the existing research culture. Interventions were put in place, evaluated through a second survey (2018), and focus group interviews with staff who had accessed interventions.ResultsRespondents demonstrated high levels of interest and commitment to research at the individual level which were not always harnessed at the organisational level. Inequities between professional groups existed in terms of training, time to undertake research and opportunities and outputs. Follow‐up revealed continuing structural barriers at an organisational level, however at an individual level, interventions were reflected in >30 fellowship awards; major concerns were reported about sustaining these research ambitions.ConclusionsSuccess in building a research‐active clinical workforce is multifactorial and all professional groups report increasing challenges to undertake research alongside clinical responsibilities. Individuals report concerns about the depth and pace of cultural change to sustain Clinical Academic Careers and build a truly organisation‐wide research hospital ethos to benefit patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThe achievements of individual nurses and allied health professionals indicate that with supportive infrastructure, capacity, cognisance and capability are not insurmountable barriers for determined clinicians. We use the standards for reporting organisational case studies to report our findings (Rodgers et al., 2016 Health Services and Delivery Research, 4 and 1).
Can the Market Multiply and Divide? Non‐Proportional Thinking in Financial Markets
Authors: SHUE KELLY , TOWNSEND RICHARD R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe hypothesize that investors partially think about stock price changes in dollar rather than percentage units, leading to more extreme return responses to news for lower‐priced stocks. Consistent with such non‐proportional thinking, we find a doubling in price is associated with a 20% to 30% decline in volatility and beta (controlling for size/liquidity). To identify a causal price effect, we show that volatility jumps following stock splits and drops following reverse splits. Lower‐priced stocks also respond more strongly to firm‐specific news. Non‐proportional thinking helps explain asset pricing patterns such as the size‐volatility/beta relation, the leverage effect puzzle, and return drift and reversals.
Perceiving teachers as procedurally just limits the negative effects of delinquent peer associations: An analysis of Australian adolescent boys’ and girls’ perceptions of school authority
Authors: Cardwell Stephanie M. , Mazerolle Lorraine , Piquero Alex R. , Luengen Kelsy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research addressed whether perceptions of antisocial peers play a role in shaping individual perceptions of the legitimacy of school authority figures in young people. Using data from a sample of 102 young people from Brisbane, Australia, who participated in the Ability School Engagement Program, we examined whether associating with peers who engage in antisocial behavior was related to perceptions of the legitimacy of school authority over time. Mixed‐effects linear regression analyses indicated that associations with antisocial peers were related to poorer perceptions of school authority over a 2‐year period. We also found that antisocial peer associations had a bigger impact on perceptions of school legitimacy for girls compared to boys. These relationships, however, were not statistically significant when perceptions of school procedural justice were controlled for, suggesting the important role of school procedural justice in shaping perceptions of school legitimacy, even among young people who associate with more antisocial peers.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and oral apixaban in horses
Authors: Wallace Gabrielle E. , McKaba Victoria F. , Reinhart Jennifer M. , Li Zhong , Austin Scott , Fries Ryan C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge vessel and microvascular thrombi are common complications in systemically ill horses contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. Apixaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, shows excellent efficacy against stroke and deep vein thrombosis in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine serum apixaban concentrations and anti‐factor Xa activity in horses after orally administered apixaban. Five horses received a single dose of intravenous (0.09 mg/kg) and oral (1 mg/kg) apixaban in a cross‐over design. Serum apixaban concentrations and anti‐Xa activity were measured serially via liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and a commercial assay, respectively, for 12 hr following oral administration. Apixaban was detected in all horses after both oral and intravenous administration. Oral administration yielded a mean maximum concentration of 60.3 ng/ml (59.4–111 ng/ml), mean time to maximum concentration of 0.5 hr (0.5–2), mean half‐life of 6.2 hr (4.6–8.3), and mean oral bioavailability of 10% (3.8–17.4). After oral administration, anti‐Xa activity had a strong positive relationship with serum apixaban and was best represented by a dose‐response model with the following parameters: E0 = 5.00 ng/ml, EMAX = 311 ng/mL, EC50 = 267 ng/ml, and n = 1.58. Anti‐Xa activity was significantly higher 2 hr post‐administration compared with baseline (p = .032). Despite low oral bioavailability, administration of 1 mg/kg oral apixaban, in healthy horses, achieves serum concentrations similar to those reported in humans. Apixaban has potential clinical utility in horses and warrants further investigation.
Cold adaptation drives population genomic divergence in the ecological specialist,Drosophila montana
Authors: Wiberg R. A. W. , Tyukmaeva V. , Hoikkala A. , Ritchie M. G. , Kankare M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetecting signatures of ecological adaptation in comparative genomics is challenging, but analysing population samples with characterised geographic distributions, such as clinal variation, can help identify genes showing covariation with important ecological variation. Here, we analysed patterns of geographic variation in the cold‐adapted speciesDrosophilamontanaacross phenotypes, genotypes and environmental conditions and tested for signatures of cold adaptation in population genomic divergence. We first derived the climatic variables associated with the geographic distribution of 24 populations across two continents to trace the scale of environmental variation experienced by the species, and measured variation in the cold tolerance of the flies of six populations from different geographic contexts. We then performed pooled whole genome sequencing of these six populations, and used Bayesian methods to identify SNPs where genetic differentiation is associated with both climatic variables and the population phenotypic measurements, while controlling for effects of demography and population structure. The top candidate SNPs were enriched on the X and fourth chromosomes, and they also lay near genes implicated in other studies of cold tolerance and population divergence in this species and its close relatives. We conclude that ecological adaptation has contributed to the divergence ofD.montanapopulations throughout the genome and in particular on the X and fourth chromosomes, which also showed highest interpopulationFST. This study demonstrates that ecological selection can drive genomic divergence at different scales, from candidate genes to chromosome‐wide effects.
A Form of Hope in Richard Strauss'sMetamorphosen
Authors: TAN EMILY X. X. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTRichard Strauss'sMetamorphosenwas composed in the final months of the Second World War and is often described as the composer's personal elegy for the decline of Western culture. This article presents a new reading of the work which challenges the pessimistic interpretations currently surrounding it. I argue that sonata form and its associated hermeneutic narratives fail to account fully for its structure and suggest instead that Strauss's negotiation and eventual surpassing of this paradigmatic tonal form offers a deeper insight into its meaning. Drawing an analogy between the autonomous musical work and sonata structure on the one hand, and the modern human subject and social ideology on the other, I posit that, asMetamorphosenaims towards the production of a new sense of totality, so the subject finds meaning beyond the ideological limitations of its circumstance.
Serum phosphate and mortality in incident dialysis patients in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Tiong Mark K. , Ullah Shahid , McDonald Stephen P. , Tan Sven‐Jean , Lioufas Nicole M. , Roberts Matthew A. , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimHyperphosphataemia is associated with increased adverse outcomes, including mortality. Re‐examining this association using up‐to‐date data reflecting current and real‐world practices, across different global regions and in both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, is important.MethodsWe describe the association between serum phosphate and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients between 2008 and 2018 using the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry. Time‐dependent Cox proportionate hazards models were used. Models were adjusted for available covariates and fitted for the overall cohort, and also each dialysis modality.Results31 989 patients were followed over 97 122 person‐years at risk (mean age at first dialysis 61 years, 38% female, 67% haemodialysis). We observed a U‐shaped association between serum phosphate and all‐cause mortality. In the fully adjusted model, categories of serum phosphate above and below 1.25–1.99 mmol/L were associated with progressively higher risk, reaching a hazard ratio of 2.13 (95% CI 1.93–2.36, p < .001) for serum phosphate ≥2.75 mmol/L, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.44–1.69, p < .001) for serum phosphate <1.00 mmol/L. Low and high levels of serum phosphate were also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, however the association with high serum phosphate was more pronounced (“J‐shaped relationship”). The associations were consistent across sub‐analyses of patients receiving haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment.ConclusionIn this large contemporary dialysis cohort, both high and low levels of serum phosphate were independently associated with increased risk of mortality. Future studies are required to determine whether treatment of abnormal serum phosphate levels improves mortality.
The prevalence of extra‐salivary gland complications in immunoglobulin G4‐related sialadenitis
Authors: Zhou Wanhang , Li Yanfei , Yan Cong , Zheng Li , Liu Fayu , Sun Changfu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of extra‐glandular lesions in patients with immunoglobulin G4‐related sialadenitis (IgG4‐RS).MethodsSix electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were systematically searched from the date of inception of each database to March 2021. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement was used to conduct methodological quality assessment, and a random‐effect meta‐analysis model was applied to estimate the prevalence. Publication bias was visually assessed using a funnel plot and calculated via Begg's and Egger's tests. The Stata 15 software was used to perform data analysis.ResultsA total of 43 articles comprising 1,864 patients with IgG4‐RS were considered to be eligible for this study. The pooled prevalence of extra‐salivary gland lesions in IgG4‐RS was 76.53% with a confidence interval (CI) of (69.39%, 83.04%). A higher prevalence was associated with studies published before or during 2015 (84.38%, CI [74.23%, 92.58%]) than those published after 2015 (68.55%, CI [58.44%, 77.88%]). Lacrimal gland involvement (54.68%, CI [45.61%, 63.60%]) and lymph node swelling (56.96%, CI [48.16%, 65.56%]) were the most frequent lesions.ConclusionsExtra‐glandular lesions were common in patients with IgG4‐RS. More high‐quality prospective studies with less heterogeneity are required to determine the accurate prevalence.
Angiographic diagnosis for accurate assessment of congenital porto‐systemic shunt and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children
Authors: Doi Yuji , Kim Sung‐Hae , Ishigaki Mizuhiko , Sato Keisuke , Yoshimoto Jun , Mitsushita Norie , Nii Masaki , Yamoto Masaya , Urushihara Naoto , Tanaka Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital porto‐systemic shunt (CPSS) is a rare disease and can cause fatal complications. Accurate angiographic assessment is mandatory for proper treatment. Although technically difficult, we developed assessment techniques and assessed their accuracy. One technique came from evaluating patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO).MethodsWe conducted a single center retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of angiographic diagnostic procedure for the assessment of CPSS and EHPVO, and its impact on patients’ subsequent interventions and clinical course. Eight patients with CPSS and two patients with EHPVO who underwent diagnostic angiography were included. Assessment of the intrahepatic portal vein was performed in all patients. The route of the shunt, and portal vein pressure under shunt occlusion, were also evaluated for patients with CPSS. Evaluation was first attempted with a balloon angiographic catheter (standard method). Three additional techniques were performed as needed: (i) direct wedge‐catheter injection without balloon inflation, (ii) use of occlusion balloon in two patients, and (iii) hybrid angiography with sheath placement directly into the superior mesenteric vein.ResultsThe standard method was sufficient in four patients. On the other hand, all three techniques were required in two patients each. One lost contact during follow up, but all other patients underwent optimal intervention. There were no complications related to the angiographic procedure.ConclusionsUse of direct wedge‐catheter injection without balloon inflation, occlusion balloon, and hybrid catheterization improved the diagnostic yield in patients with CPSS or EHPVO.
The role of propensity score structure in asymptotic efficiency of estimated conditional quantile treatment effect
Authors: Zhou Niwen , Guo Xu , Zhu Lixing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen a strict subset of covariates is given, we propose conditional quantile treatment effect () to offer, compared with the unconditional quantile treatment effect () and conditional average treatment effect (), a more complete and informative view of the heterogeneity of treatment effects via the quantile sheet that is a function of the given covariates and quantile levels. Even though either one or both and are not significant, could still show some impact of the treatment on the upper and lower tails of subpopulations' (defined by the covariates subset) distribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to consider such a low‐dimensional conditional quantile treatment effect in the literature. We focus on deriving the asymptotic normality of propensity score‐based estimators under parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric structure. We make a systematic study on the estimation efficiency to check the importance of propensity score structure and the essential differences from the unconditional counterparts. The derived unique properties can answer: what is the general ranking of these estimators? how does the affiliation of the given covariates to the set of covariates of the propensity score affect the efficiency? how does the convergence rate of the estimated propensity score affect the efficiency? and why would semiparametric estimation be worth of recommendation in practice? The simulation studies are conducted to examine the performances of these estimators. A real data example is analyzed for illustration and some new findings are acquired.
The last chapters of life: A proposed research agenda for studying narrative identity in older adulthood
Authors: Reischer Hollen N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study of narrative identity—the ongoing process of authoring our life stories and being shaped by them—has provided a rich conceptualization of adult personality, yielding important insights about the storied nature of meaning making in personality, particularly for young and midlife adults. However, little research has been done to investigate narrative identity in older adulthood, potentially resulting in a constrained understanding of narrative identity across the life span. I propose that much‐needed research on narrative identity in late life could substantiate or undermine a hypothesized shift in emphasis from authoring to reading life stories (McAdams, 2015), complicate and refine the master narrative framework (McLean & Syed, 2015), and offer new targets for narrative identity questions across the entire life span.
Red to Purple? Changing Demographics and Party Change in Texas
Authors: Huerta Juan Carlos , Cuartas Beatriz 
Published: May 2021

Objective Texas is regarded as a safe Republican state, yet in recent elections Democrats have gained electoral ground. This study investigates if generational replacement and demographic changes are leading to an increase in Democratic identification, with the potential to create an environment for increasingly competitive elections. A competitive Texas will have national political implications.Method Party identification and ideology are analyzed, with line graphs and linear regression, using public opinion surveys of Texans from 2009 to 2019. The impact of generation cohorts and demographics are the main independent variables of interest.Results The findings demonstrate that younger cohorts of white Texans are less likely to identify as Republican and older cohorts of white Texans are most likely. All cohorts of Texans of color are likely to identify as Democrats.Conclusions Generational and demographic changes are leading to an increase in Democratic party identification and a decline in Republican identification. The mobilization by parties of young Texans, who are trending toward Democrats, and people of color is critical to the future of Texas politics.