bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the European Health Community to the European Health Union: The Project of the Supranational Health and Research Organization of the European Countries and its Historical Destiny
Authors: Chetverikov A. O. 
Published: July 2021

The paper examines the little-known pages of the legal regulation of international integration in Europe: the project of the creation in the middle of the 20th century of the European Health Community (EHC) and its relationship to the current project for the establishment of the European Health Union. The introduction examines the reasons for the ineffective response of the modern European Union (EU) to the global coronavirus pandemic, mainly due to the lack of European institutions, in contrast to the economy and a number of other spheres of public life, supranational powers in the field of health.The first section analyzes the main provisions of the draft EHC presented by the French Government in 1952 and became the subject of an international "preparatory conference" with the participation of 16 European countries at the end of the same year. The author gives special attention to the legal consolidation in the EHC draft founding treaty of "sanitary activities" (prevention and counteraction of various types of diseases); "cultural provisions" dedicated to the collection of information, the development of scientific research and education in the field of health; provisions on the creation of a common therapeutic and research infrastructure of the EHC; the political and legal nature of the EHC as a supranational organization with restrictions in its favor of the sovereign rights of the participating states.The second section describes and evaluates the domestic, foreign, and economic factors that prevented the creation of the EHC.The final section examines the impact of the EHC on the law-making and law-enforcement activities of the modern EU, and compares the legal model of the EHC with the model of the European Health Union, which was established in the end of 2020. There are also proposals for using the experience of European integration in the field of healthcare for the development of integration processes in a similar field between Russia and other former Soviet republics, including the creation of common medical and research centers under the auspices of the Union State of Russia and Belarus and (or) the Eurasian Economic Union, equipped with mega-science facilities (synchrotrons, etc.), other advanced infrastructure of scientific theoretical and scientific applied nature.
Prevalence of single umbilical artery, clinical outcomes and its risk factors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vafaei Homeira , Rafeei Khatoon , Maryam Dalili Maryam Dalili , Asadi Nasrin , Seirfar Nosaibe , Akbarzadeh-Jahromi Mojgan 
Published: July 2021

Background: Single umbilical artery (SUA) is found in 0.5–6% of all pregnancies worldwide. Although the association of SUA with some congenital malformations is mainly accepted, its effect on pregnancy/neonatal outcomes is still controversial.
Objective: This is the first study aimed to approximate the SUA prevalence in southern part of Iran. SUA epidemiologic features accompanied by some of its effects on pregnancy/neonatal outcomes are investigated as well.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from two referral centers in Southern Iran were analyzed. In total, 1,469 pregnancies, fetuses, and neonates were examined for epidemiological features associated with SUA. SUA was confirmed by pathological examination, while congenital anomalies were diagnosed by clinical, ultrasound, and echocardiographical examinations. Data on pregnancy outcome were recorded based on the patients’ medical records.
Results: The prevalence of SUA was 3.47% (95% CI: 2.6–4.6%). Fetal anomalies including renal, cardiac, and other congenital anomalies, intrauterine fetal death, early neonatal death, low birth weight, low placental weight, and preterm birth were significantly higher in the SUA group (OR = 68.02, 31.04, 16.03, 3.85, 11.31, 3.22, 2.70, and 2.47, respectively). However, the maternal multiparity was lower in the SUA group (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.98).
Conclusion: A significant association was observed between SUA and increased risk of intrauterine fetal death and early neonatal death, as well as low birth weight and preterm birth. Obstetrical history of the mother like parity was identified as an important predictor of SUA. Further investigations are suggested on risk stratification of neonates in this regard.
Key words: Umbilical cord, Single umbilical artery, Pregnancy outcome, Congenital abnormalities.
REDUCTION OF ENERGY LOSSES ON HEATING OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS 35–110 KV IN JSC «CHERNIGIVOBLENREGO»
Authors: Kolenchenko Yevhen , Bezruchko Viacheslav , Buinyi Roman , Dihtyaruk Igor 
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the state of 35–110 kV circuit breakers in the Chernihiv region, which are on the balance sheet of the operator of the distribution system JSC «Chernigivoblenergo», has been carried out. It was shown that the number of circuit breakers that satisfy regulatory documents is only 18.9 % in 35 kV and 2 % in 110 kV power networks. Unfortunately, most of the 35–110 kV circuit breakers in the Chernihiv region are low-oil and bulk-oil type, which required heating during cold meteorological conditions. The article assess the duration of the circuit breakers heating and their drives, depending on the selected set point of the temperature and the averaging interval of the ambient temperature, and the value of technological energy losses. The article considers following ways to reduce technological costs for heating: optimization of the heating control system, replacement of oil circuit breakers with modern vacuum and SF6 circuit breakers, which require lower costs on heating, and applied both above ways. The effectiveness of the above ways was done with apply Net Present Value, which includes not only investments and Net Profit Margin, but also operating costs and Discount Rates. It has been shown that all of the above ways are effective. In particular, the least costly is the modernization of the heating control system, which has payback period is low three years. The payback period for second way to replace all 35–110 kV oil circuit breakers with modern ones at JSC «Chernigivoblenrego» is about 6.5 years, but this way requires large investments. However, this way cannot be done in one year. Therefore effectiveness will be less due to energy losses to operated oil circuit breakers.
Assistancing and Recogning to the Students on English for Business in Bireuen, Aceh District
Authors: Misnawati Zuraini 
Published: July 2021

Bireuen is one of the district which make a village for Acheness cakes home industry production. A various cakes in Acheness have a quality. English for business is one the English subject must be taken by the students. English for Business is the activities of making, buying and buying selling in good service and then exchanging them for the money, the activities can be completed at home. Some problems were faced by the people; such as is not good in packaging, is not interesting cointainer, and do not how to promote their product by using social media to increase their income and also improve their quality of the products in Bireuen district, Acheh province. The method of this study is help the people by giving the suggestion and providing packing product in interesting cointainer. Giving the deeply understanding to the students and also the people in developing the mindset of enterpreneurship, the facillitate in equipment, marketing strategy, and marketing management. The results of this program are improve the students in comprehending the English for business, a good packaging and interesting cointaners, increasing the income for the people through promote in media social.
Empowerment of Housewives in Utilizing Household Waste through Decoupage Handicrafts in Mokoau Village, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf Satira , Irawati Nur , Dharmawati Tuti 
Published: July 2021

The problem faced by housewives in Mokoau Subdistrict of Kambu Kota Kendari is the lack of creativity and productivity, whare the absence of activities oriented towoards economic independence limited capital to start a business and a lack of skills both and hard skills in the world of entrepreneurship. This resulted in housewives beings perceived as being less able to help the family economy. The solution offered is through entrepreneurial activities in the form of utilization of household waste in the form of used can and glass bottles combined with tissue decoupage handicrafts. Throught this activity is to increase the incamo of housewives, especially in terms of utilization of household waste, so that it general the economic empowerment of the community can also increase.
Convolutional neural networks for modeling and forecasting nonlinear nonstationary processes
Authors: Belas Andrii , Bidyuk Petro 
Published: July 2021

The object of research. The object of research is modeling and forecasting nonlinear nonstationary processes presented in the form of time-series data.
Investigated problem. There are several popular approaches to solving the problems of adequate model constructing and forecasting nonlinear nonstationary processes, such as autoregressive models and recurrent neural networks. However, each of them has its advantages and drawbacks. Autoregressive models cannot deal with the nonlinear or combined influence of previous states or external factors. Recurrent neural networks are computationally expensive and cannot work with sequences of high length or frequency.
The main scientific result. The model for forecasting nonlinear nonstationary processes presented in the form of the time series data was built using convolutional neural networks. The current study shows results in which convolutional networks are superior to recurrent ones in terms of both accuracy and complexity. It was possible to build a more accurate model with a much fewer number of parameters. It indicates that one-dimensional convolutional neural networks can be a quite reasonable choice for solving time series forecasting problems.
The area of practical use of the research results. Forecasting dynamics of processes in economy, finances, ecology, healthcare, technical systems and other areas exhibiting the types of nonlinear nonstationary processes.
Innovative technological product. Methodology of using convolutional neural networks for modeling and forecasting nonlinear nonstationary processes presented in the form of time-series data.
Scope of the innovative technological product. Nonlinear nonstationary processes presented in the form of time-series data.
Bottom-up capping (BUC) policy under bargaining techniques for inter-sectoral groundwater trading: a case study from Iran
Authors: Zolfagharipoor Mohammad Amin , Ahmadi Azadeh , Nikouei Alireza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has led to environmental benefits in some groundwater markets by restricting and economically reallocating water permits. However, top-down approaches for capping permits may face resistance from every affected stakeholder. This paper presents an efficient policy framework to improve the implementation of C&T policies in a real shared aquifer in Iran. To this end, groundwater permits for water-selling farms are capped through a bottom-up capping (BUC) policy. A policy analysis that employs static and dynamic bargaining techniques incorporates farms' utilities. Results reveal that the bargaining techniques propose more acceptable capping strategies than the top-down approach. The BUC policy analysis introduces the proposed strategy by dynamic bargaining as the tradable groundwater permits. The effects of irrigation water sales to the industry sector, evaluated using a cooperative game-based optimization model, show that with the fair reallocation of water trading benefits, the current net benefits of agriculture and industry sectors increase by 55 and 27%, respectively. Furthermore, farms reduce their groundwater withdrawals by 35% compared with the current mode. Therefore, the BUC policy for inter-sectoral groundwater trading under dynamic bargaining can lead to the sustainable use of limited groundwater resources by facilitating the capping strategies and improving the water permits productivity.
Adherence, Tolerability and Effective Doses of Aripiprazole Once-monthly in the Long-term Treatment of Patients with Severe Schizophrenia
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Juan J. , Díaz-Fernández Silvia , López-Muñoz Francisco 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The evaluation of long-term effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole once-monthly
(AOM) is yet scarce, and severely ill patients have not been specifically studied.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to explore the long-term adherence, effectiveness and tolerability of AOM
in the treatment of patients with severe (Clinical Global Impression-Severity, CGI-S ≥ 5) schizophrenia, and
whether high-dose therapy may benefit patients inadequately controlled on standard doses.

Methods:
Six-year mirror-image study, with a 36-month prospective follow-up, was conducted on patients with
severe schizophrenia who underwent treatment with AOM (n = 60). The assessment included the CGI-S, the
WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO- DAS), the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), the laboratory
tests, the assessment of weight and adverse effects reported. Reasons for treatment discontinuation, hospital
admissions and psychiatric medications in the previous three years and during the follow-up were recorded.

Results:
The average dose was found to be 780 (120) mg/28 days. Tolerability was good, with fewer side effects
or biological parameters alterations reported. There were three discharges due to adverse effects, two due
to lack of effectiveness and one treatment abandoning. Weight and prolactin levels were decreased. CGI-S and
WHO-DAS were decreased (p<0.001), and MARS increased (p<0.001). There were less treatment abandoning,
hospital admissions (p<0.0001) and concomitant medication (p<0.01) observed than during the previous
36 months.

Conclusion:
Treatment adherence and tolerability of AOM were found to be remarkable, even in those patients
on high doses. AOM showed effectiveness in patients with severe schizophrenia, who recorded less hospitalizations
and clinical severity and disability, although a considerable percentage of them required higher doses than
labeled.
Predicting Norovirus in the United States Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Yuan Kai , Huang Guangrui , Wang Lepeng , Wang Ting , Liu Wenbin , Jiang Haixu , Yang Albert C 
Published: July 2021

Background
Norovirus is a contagious disease. The transmission of norovirus spreads quickly and easily in various ways. Because effective methods to prevent or treat norovirus have not been discovered, it is important to rapidly recognize and report norovirus outbreaks in the early phase. Internet search has been a useful method for people to access information immediately. With the precise record of internet search trends, internet search has been a useful tool to manifest infectious disease outbreaks.

Objective
In this study, we tried to discover the correlation between internet search terms and norovirus infection.

Methods
The internet search trend data of norovirus were obtained from Google Trends. We used cross-correlation analysis to discover the temporal correlation between norovirus and other terms. We also used multiple linear regression with the stepwise method to recognize the most important predictors of internet search trends and norovirus. In addition, we evaluated the temporal correlation between actual norovirus cases and internet search terms in New York, California, and the United States as a whole.

Results
Some Google search terms such as gastroenteritis, watery diarrhea, and stomach bug coincided with norovirus Google Trends. Some Google search terms such as contagious, travel, and party presented earlier than norovirus Google Trends. Some Google search terms such as dehydration, bar, and coronavirus presented several months later than norovirus Google Trends. We found that fever, gastroenteritis, poison, cruise, wedding, and watery diarrhea were important factors correlated with norovirus Google Trends. In actual norovirus cases from New York, California, and the United States as a whole, some Google search terms presented with, earlier, or later than actual norovirus cases.

Conclusions
Our study provides novel strategy-based internet search evidence regarding the epidemiology of norovirus.
Variation of Daily Care Demand in Swiss General Hospitals: Longitudinal Study on Capacity Utilization, Patient Turnover and Clinical Complexity Levels
Authors: Sharma Narayan , Schwendimann René , Endrich Olga , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Simon Michael 
Published: July 2021

Background
Variations in hospitals’ care demand relies not only on the patient volume but also on the disease severity. Understanding both daily severity and patient volume in hospitals could help to identify hospital pressure zones to improve hospital-capacity planning and policy-making.

Objective
This longitudinal study explored daily care demand dynamics in Swiss general hospitals for 3 measures: (1) capacity utilization, (2) patient turnover, and (3) patient clinical complexity level.

Methods
A retrospective population-based analysis was conducted with 1 year of routine data of 1.2 million inpatients from 102 Swiss general hospitals. Capacity utilization was measured as a percentage of the daily maximum number of inpatients. Patient turnover was measured as a percentage of the daily sum of admissions and discharges per hospital. Patient clinical complexity level was measured as the average daily patient disease severity per hospital from the clinical complexity algorithm.

Results
There was a pronounced variability of care demand in Swiss general hospitals. Among hospitals, the average daily capacity utilization ranged from 57.8% (95% CI 57.3-58.4) to 87.7% (95% CI 87.3-88.0), patient turnover ranged from 22.5% (95% CI 22.1-22.8) to 34.5% (95% CI 34.3-34.7), and the mean patient clinical complexity level ranged from 1.26 (95% CI 1.25-1.27) to 2.06 (95% CI 2.05-2.07). Moreover, both within and between hospitals, all 3 measures varied distinctly between days of the year, between days of the week, between weekdays and weekends, and between seasons.

Conclusions
While admissions and discharges drive capacity utilization and patient turnover variation, disease severity of each patient drives patient clinical complexity level. Monitoring—and, if possible, anticipating—daily care demand fluctuations is key to managing hospital pressure zones. This study provides a pathway for identifying patients’ daily exposure to strained hospital systems for a time-varying causal model.
The Petta Kalie’s Contribution in The Development of Islamic Law during The Kingdom of Bone
Authors: Ridhwan Ridhwan , A Nuzul A Nuzul 
Published: July 2021

This article examines Petta Kalie's contribution to the development of Islamic law in the Kingdom of Bone. Petta Kalieor qadhi has the same position as an advisor or counselor to the sultan. This was similar to the qadhi al-qudhat in Baghdad, syekh Islam in Turkey, sadar-i azam in India, qadhil malikul adil in Aceh or Wali Songo in Java. This study uses a historical approach to understanding the Islamic law as an analytical tool by looking at Petta Kalie as a collective history that contributes to the development of the Islamic law. The study concluded that there were four contributions of Petta Kalie in the development of Islamic law: affirming the integration of sara’ (Islamic law) and ade’ (adat), such as the sompa, mappacci, barzanji and meppanre tamme traditions. The internalization of the Islamic law with the style of Syafi’i school of thought was carried out by Patte Kalie assisted by puang imang, katte’, bilal, doja and amil who are in charge of teaching and disseminating the Islamic laws such as marriage, divorce, reconciliation, inheritance distribution, and the management of zakat. In addition, Petta Kalie also promotes women’s equality in the Islamic law, supports female Sultanah to appear as kings and initiates education in studying Islamic sciences especially for women called makkamisi’. Finally, a legal fatwa related to resistance to the Netherlands and refusal to cooperate with them. Some of these arguments and findings are indisputable historical facts that Petta Kalie made a major contribution to the development of Islamic law in the Bugis Bone society.
Understanding Multiple Interpretations on the Hadith that Husbands Allow Wives to have Outdoor Activities: A Study of Islamic Law Perspectives
Authors: M. Jakfar Tarmizi , Fitria Arifah 
Published: July 2021

Understanding the interpretation of a hadith is multifaceted, in which the Muslim clerics have multiple perspectives on certain hadith, including hadith on husband’s permission to wife to engage in outdoor activities. This is a library research, in which we explore some literature on this issue. The analysis technique used is descriptive-analytical and comparative, while the approach used is historical-sociological. The focuses of this study are threefold: to understand the mazhab(traditional) scholars’ and contemporary scholars’ perspectives, and to review the Islamic law on the Muslim clerics’ understanding of this issue. This paper concludes that mazhab scholars tend to understand the hadith textually, strictly and non-contextual-that is, asking permission to engage in outdoor activities is an obligation of the wife, otherwise it is considered disobedient to the husband. Meanwhile, contemporary scholars understand the hadith contextually and more flexible. They perceive that asking for permission to do outdoor activities is not an obligation; it is rather a recommendation for wives to seek for their husbands’ permission. In fact, in the recent times, wives working outdoor would in fact support husbands in fulfilling household’s needs. This difference can be understood because historically-sociologically the condition of the society has shifted and transformed. In the past, for instance, when women left the house they would cause danger in the middle of the desert such as robbery or wild animals. Meanwhile, nowadays mass communication and mass transportation have enabled families: husbands and wives to connect with each other. Likewise, when women going outdoor to seek knowledge, attending mosques for congregations, and or going for work, contemporary scholars do not see it as prohibited. Women doing activities outdoor has existed even by the time of the prophet and the companions, showing that most wives work outdoor for family benefits.