bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation and divergence of vulnerability and responses to stressors between human and mouse astrocytes
Authors: Li Jiwen , Pan Lin , Pembroke William G. , Rexach Jessica E. , Godoy Marlesa I. , Condro Michael C. , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Harteni Mineli , Chen Yen-Wei , Stiles Linsey , Chen Angela Y. , Wanner Ina B. , Yang Xia , Goldman Steven A. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Kornblum Harley I. , Zhang Ye 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAstrocytes play important roles in neurological disorders such as stroke, injury, and neurodegeneration. Most knowledge on astrocyte biology is based on studies of mouse models and the similarities and differences between human and mouse astrocytes are insufficiently characterized, presenting a barrier in translational research. Based on analyses of acutely purified astrocytes, serum-free cultures of primary astrocytes, and xenografted chimeric mice, we find extensive conservation in astrocytic gene expression between human and mouse samples. However, the genes involved in defense response and metabolism show species-specific differences. Human astrocytes exhibit greater susceptibility to oxidative stress than mouse astrocytes, due to differences in mitochondrial physiology and detoxification pathways. In addition, we find that mouse but not human astrocytes activate a molecular program for neural repair under hypoxia, whereas human but not mouse astrocytes activate the antigen presentation pathway under inflammatory conditions. Here, we show species-dependent properties of astrocytes, which can be informative for improving translation from mouse models to humans.
Quantitative evaluation of cement paste carbonation using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mi Tangwei , Li Yongqiang , Liu Wei , Li Weiwen , Long Wujian , Dong Zhijun , Gong Qianyi , Xing Feng , Wang Yaocheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbonation induced corrosion is one of the major durability issues for reinforced concrete structures. To address this issue, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanism of carbonation by detecting the ingress of the CO2 and carbonation depth quantitatively. This paper demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy, as a powerful technique, to implement quantification analysis of cement paste carbonation. In present work, the correlation between the content of the CO32− and the Raman peak intensity was initially established by using several standard specimens premixed with certain amount of CO32−. The established correlation was then used to investigate the carbonation of the cement paste in a CO2 diffusion scenario, and the results show a good agreement with that obtained by thermogravimetry measurements. Therefore, the feasibility of the Raman spectroscopy to quantify the carbonation degree of the cement paste can be demonstrated.
Raman imaging of ferroelastically configurable Jahn–Teller domains in LaMnO3
Authors: Kim Yong-Jin , Park Heung-Sik , Yang Chan-Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Jahn–Teller (JT) effect, through geometric deformation of molecules or local ionic lattices, lowers the overall energy of the system by removing electron degeneracy from partially occupied orbitals. Crystal symmetry lowered by JT distortion inevitably creates multiple variants of elastic and orbital-anisotropic states. Visualization and control of the domain/wall textures create a cornerstone to understand various correlated phenomena and explore wall properties. Here, we report the real-space observation of JT phonon and orbiton-related domains in a LaMnO3 thin film using confocal Raman spectromicroscopy. The characteristic symmetries of the JT-originated Raman modes allow us to detect and visualize the local population and orientation of the JT planes. Combined with a crystal structural analysis, we find that the formation of ferroelastic domains with W or W’ walls provides the basic framework for understanding JT domain textures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the JT domains can be manipulated by applying local external stress. Our findings provide a useful pathway for mechanically-tunable orbitronic applications.
Coexistence of ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity in magnetically anisotropic (Eu,La)FeAs2
Authors: Yu Jia , Le Congcong , Li Zhiwei , Li Lisi , Liu Tong , Liu Zengjia , Zhang Bo , Shen Bing , Ruan Binbin , Ren Zhi’an , Wang Meng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaterials with exceptional magnetism and superconductivity usually conceive emergent physical phenomena. Here, we investigate the physical properties of the (Eu,La)FeAs2 system with double magnetic sublattices. The parent EuFeAs2 shows anisotropy-associated magnetic behaviors, such as Eu-related moment canting and exchange bias. Through La doping, the magnetic anisotropy is enhanced with ferromagnetism of Eu2+ realized in the overdoped region, and a special exchange bias of the superposed ferromagnetic/superconducting loop revealed in Eu0.8La0.2FeAs2. Meanwhile, the Fe-related antiferromagnetism shows unusual robustness against La doping. Theoretical calculation and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation reveal a doping-tunable dual itinerant/localized nature of the Fe-related antiferromagnetism. The coexistence of the Eu-related ferromagnetism, Fe-related robust antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity is further revealed in Eu0.8La0.2FeAs2, providing a platform for further exploration of potential applications and emergent physics. Finally, an electronic phase diagram is established for (Eu,La)FeAs2 with the whole superconducting dome adjacent to the Fe-related antiferromagnetic phase, which is of benefit for seeking underlying clues to high-temperature superconductivity.
Forecasting point-of-consumption chlorine residual in refugee settlements using ensembles of artificial neural networks
Authors: De Santi Michael , Khan Usman T. , Arnold Matthew , Fesselet Jean-François , Ali Syed Imran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWaterborne illnesses are a leading health concern in refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) settlements where waterborne pathogens often spread through household recontamination of stored water. Ensuring sufficient chlorine residual is important for protecting drinking water against recontamination and ensuring water remains safe up to the point-of-consumption. We used ensembles of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to probabilistically forecast the point-of-consumption free residual chlorine (FRC) concentration and to develop point-of-distribution FRC targets based on the risk of insufficient FRC at the point-of consumption. We built ANN ensemble models using data from three refugee settlements and found that the risk-based FRC targets generated by the ensemble models were consistent with an empirical water safety evaluation, indicating that the models accurately predicted the risk of low point-of-consumption FRC despite all ensemble forecasts being underdispersed even after post-processing. This demonstrates the usefulness of ANN ensembles for generating risk-based point-of-distribution FRC targets to ensure safe drinking water in humanitarian operations.
Whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel homozygous mutation in the COQ8B gene associated with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Fareed Mohd , Makkar Vikas , Angral Ravi , Afzal Mohammad , Singh Gurdarshan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNephrotic syndrome arising from monogenic mutations differs substantially from acquired ones in their clinical prognosis, progression, and disease management. Several pathogenic mutations in the COQ8B gene are known to cause nephrotic syndrome. Here, we used the whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology to decipher the genetic cause of nephrotic syndrome (CKD stage-V) in a large affected consanguineous family. Our study exposed a novel missense homozygous mutation NC_000019.9:g.41209497C > T; NM_024876.4:c.748G > A; NP_079152.3:p.(Asp250Asn) in the 9th exon of the COQ8B gene, co-segregated well with the disease phenotype. Our study provides the first insight into this homozygous condition, which has not been previously reported in 1000Genome, ClinVar, ExAC, and genomAD databases. In addition to the pathogenic COQ8B variant, the WES data also revealed some novel and recurrent mutations in the GLA, NUP107, COQ2, COQ6, COQ7 and COQ9 genes. The novel variants observed in this study have been submitted to the ClinVar database and are publicly available online with the accessions: SCV001451361.1, SCV001451725.1 and SCV001451724.1. Based on the patient's clinical history and genomic data with in silico validation, we conclude that pathogenic mutation in the COQ8B gene was causing kidney failure in an autosomal recessive manner. We recommend WES technology for genetic testing in such a consanguineous family to not only prevent the future generation, but early detection can help in disease management and therapeutic interventions.
Variability in time to surgery for patients with acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries
Authors: Badhiwala Jetan H. , Lebovic Gerald , Balas Michael , da Costa Leodante , Nathens Avery B. , Fehlings Michael G. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Witiw Christopher D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are limited data pertaining to current practices in timing of surgical decompression for acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury (SCI). We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate variability in timing between- and within-trauma centers in North America; and to identify patient- and hospital-level factors associated with treatment delay. Adults with acute thoracolumbar SCI who underwent decompressive surgery within five days of injury at participating trauma centers in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program were included. Mixed-effects regression with a random intercept for trauma center was used to model the outcome of time to surgical decompression and assess risk-adjusted variability in surgery timeliness across centers. 3,948 patients admitted to 214 TQIP centers were eligible. 28 centers were outliers, with a significantly shorter or longer time to surgery than average. Case-mix and hospital characteristics explained < 1% of between-hospital variability in surgical timing. Moreover, only 7% of surgical timing variability within-centers was explained by case-mix characteristics. The adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient of 12% suggested poor correlation of surgical timing for patients with similar characteristics treated at the same center. These findings support the need for further research into the optimal timing of surgical intervention for thoracolumbar SCI.
Genes and pathways associated with pregnancy loss in dairy cattle
Authors: Sigdel Anil , Bisinotto Rafael S. , Peñagaricano Francisco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPregnancy loss directly impairs reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Here, we investigated genetic factors associated with pregnancy loss following detection of a viable embryo around 42 days of gestation. The objectives of this study were to perform whole-genome scans and subsequent gene-set analyses for identifying candidate genes, functional gene-sets and gene signaling pathways implicated in pregnancy loss in US Holstein cows. Data consisted of about 58,000 pregnancy/abortion records distributed over nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous cows. Threshold models were used to assess the binary response of pregnancy loss. Whole‐genome scans identified at least seven genomic regions on BTA2, BTA10, BTA14, BTA16, BTA21, BTA24 and BTA29 associated with pregnancy loss in heifers and lactating cows. These regions harbor several candidate genes that are directly implicated in pregnancy maintenance and fetal growth, such as CHST14, IGF1R, IGF2, PSEN2, SLC2A5 and WNT4. Moreover, the enrichment analysis revealed at least seven significantly enriched processes, containing genes associated with pregnancy loss, including calcium signaling, cell–cell attachment, cellular proliferation, fetal development, immunity, membrane permeability, and steroid metabolism. Additionally, the pathway analysis revealed a number of significant gene signaling pathways that regulate placental development and fetal growth, including Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, MAPK, Hippo, mTOR and TGFβ pathways. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and biological basis of pregnancy loss in dairy cattle and points out novel strategies for improving pregnancy maintenance via marker‐assisted breeding.
Combination of retinoids and narrow-band ultraviolet B inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes and a mouse model of psoriasis
Authors: Xi Chan , Xiong Chuanxi , Wang Huiping , Liu Yuanjun , Luo Suju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13) can be released by keratinocytes and fibroblasts and involved in the pathogenesis of skin disorders. Retinoic acid derivative drugs include tazarotene and acitretin. Tazarotene/acitretin and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) irradiation are common treatment options for psoriasis. However, their impact on MMP13 expression in the context of psoriasis has yet to be determined. The expression of MMP13 was analyzed in patients with psoriasis. The effects of tazarotene/acitretin and NB-UVB on MMP13 expression were also investigated in a mouse model of psoriasis. Human HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to acitretin or NB-UVB and then assayed for cell proliferation and MMP13 expression levels. We showed that patients with psoriasis had increased levels of MMP13 protein in skin lesions and serum samples. Exposure to acitretin and NB-UVB irradiation alone or in combination led to reduction of cell proliferation and MMP13 expression in HaCaT cells. Consistently, tazarotene treatment or NB-UVB irradiation attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and decreased MMP13 expression in a mouse model. Based on these from HaCaT keratinocytes cells and animal experiments, we suggest that tazarotene/acitretin and NB-UVB irradiation can inhibit the expression of MMP13 in HaCaT keratinocytes and psoriasis mouse models. Blockade of MMP13 activity may have therapeutic potential in improving symptoms of psoriasis.
Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers
Authors: Aworh Mabel Kamweli , Abiodun-Adewusi Oluwadamilola , Mba Nwando , Helwigh Birgitte , Hendriksen Rene S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coliin human and animal population has become a global public health problem that requires immediate intervention. We aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of drug-resistantE. coliamong slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 118 apparently healthy workers in the largest slaughterhouses in Abuja and Lagos from July to December 2020.E. coliwas isolated from stool samples of slaughterhouse workers and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Majority were males: 88.1% (n = 104), aged > 41 years: 28.8% (n = 34), married: 70.3% (n = 83), and were butchers: 53.4% (n = 63). Prevalence of MDRE. coliwas 50% (n = 59), highest among butchers compared to slaughterhouse cleaners. Of 75E. coliisolates identified, 25.3% (n = 19) were ESBL producers; 78.7% (n = 59) were MDR. Keeping animals (p = 0.01); eating at the slaughterhouse (p = 0.03) and collecting waste (p = 0.02) remained independent risk factors for acquiring MDRE. coli. Prevalence of resistantE. coliwas highest among butchers and associated with keeping animals at home, eating at work, and waste-collection. Hand-hygiene and responsible use of antibiotics among slaughterhouse workers should be encouraged.
p38-MAPK-mediated translation regulation during early blastocyst development is required for primitive endoderm differentiation in mice
Authors: Bora Pablo , Gahurova Lenka , Mašek Tomáš , Hauserova Andrea , Potěšil David , Jansova Denisa , Susor Andrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Ajduk Anna , Pospíšek Martin , Bruce Alexander W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuccessful specification of the two mouse blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) lineages (the primitive endoderm (PrE) and epiblast) is a prerequisite for continued development and requires active fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling. Previously, we identified a role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPKs) during PrE differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unresolved. Here, we report an early blastocyst window of p38-MAPK activity that is required to regulate ribosome-related gene expression, rRNA precursor processing, polysome formation and protein translation. We show that p38-MAPK inhibition-induced PrE phenotypes can be partially rescued by activating the translational regulator mTOR. However, similar PrE phenotypes associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibition targeting active FGF4 signaling are not affected by mTOR activation. These data indicate a specific role for p38-MAPKs in providing a permissive translational environment during mouse blastocyst PrE differentiation that is distinct from classically reported FGF4-based mechanisms.
Hepatic resistance to cold ferroptosis in a mammalian hibernator Syrian hamster depends on effective storage of diet-derived α-tocopherol
Authors: Anegawa Daisuke , Sugiura Yuki , Matsuoka Yuta , Sone Masamitsu , Shichiri Mototada , Otsuka Reo , Ishida Noriko , Yamada Ken-ichi , Suematsu Makoto , Miura Masayuki , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMammalian hibernators endure severe and prolonged hypothermia that is lethal to non-hibernators, including humans and mice. The mechanisms responsible for the cold resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we found that hepatocytes from a mammalian hibernator, the Syrian hamster, exhibited remarkable resistance to prolonged cold culture, whereas murine hepatocytes underwent cold-induced cell death that fulfills the hallmarks of ferroptosis such as necrotic morphology, lipid peroxidation and prevention by an iron chelator. Unexpectedly, hepatocytes from Syrian hamsters exerted resistance to cold- and drug-induced ferroptosis in a diet-dependent manner, with the aid of their superior ability to retain dietary α-tocopherol (αT), a vitamin E analog, in the liver and blood compared with those of mice. The liver phospholipid composition is less susceptible to peroxidation in Syrian hamsters than in mice. Altogether, the cold resistance of the hibernator’s liver is established by the ability to utilize αT effectively to prevent lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
Auditory cortical micro-networks show differential connectivity during voice and speech processing in humans
Authors: Steiner Florence , Bobin Marine , Frühholz Sascha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe temporal voice areas (TVAs) in bilateral auditory cortex (AC) appear specialized for voice processing. Previous research assumed a uniform functional profile for the TVAs which are broadly spread along the bilateral AC. Alternatively, the TVAs might comprise separate AC nodes controlling differential neural functions for voice and speech decoding, organized as local micro-circuits. To investigate micro-circuits, we modeled the directional connectivity between TVA nodes during voice processing in humans while acquiring brain activity using neuroimaging. Results show several bilateral AC nodes for general voice decoding (speech and non-speech voices) and for speech decoding in particular. Furthermore, non-hierarchical and differential bilateral AC networks manifest distinct excitatory and inhibitory pathways for voice and speech processing. Finally, while voice and speech processing seem to have distinctive but integrated neural circuits in the left AC, the right AC reveals disintegrated neural circuits for both sounds. Altogether, we demonstrate a functional heterogeneity in the TVAs for voice decoding based on local micro-circuits.
Plant-soil feedbacks help explain biodiversity-productivity relationships
Authors: Forero Leslie E. , Kulmatiski Andrew , Grenzer Josephine , Norton Jeanette M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpecies-rich plant communities can produce twice as much aboveground biomass as monocultures, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. We tested whether plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) can help explain these biodiversity-productivity relationships. Using a 16-species, factorial field experiment we found that plants created soils that changed subsequent plant growth by 27% and that this effect increased over time. When incorporated into simulation models, these PSFs improved predictions of plant community growth and explained 14% of overyielding. Here we show quantitative, field-based evidence that diversity maintains productivity by suppressing plant disease. Though this effect alone was modest, it helps constrain the role of factors, such as niche partitioning, that have been difficult to quantify. This improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships has implications for agriculture, biofuel production and conservation.
Environmental conditions dictate differential evolution of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Machado Henrique , Seif Yara , Sakoulas George , Olson Connor A. , Hefner Ying , Anand Amitesh , Jones Ying Z. , Szubin Richard , Palsson Bernhard O. , Nizet Victor , Feist Adam M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile microbiological resistance to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus is rare, clinical vancomycin treatment failures are common, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from patients after prolonged vancomycin treatment failure remain susceptible. Adaptive laboratory evolution was utilized to uncover mutational mechanisms associated with MRSA vancomycin resistance in a physiological medium as well as a bacteriological medium used in clinical susceptibility testing. Sequencing of resistant clones revealed shared and media-specific mutational outcomes, with an overlap in cell wall regulons (walKRyycHI, vraSRT). Evolved strains displayed similar properties to resistant clinical isolates in their genetic and phenotypic traits. Importantly, resistant phenotypes that developed in physiological media did not translate into resistance in bacteriological media. Further, a bacteriological media-specific mechanism for vancomycin resistance associated with a mutated mprF was confirmed. This study bridges the gap between the understanding of clinical and microbiological vancomycin resistance in S. aureus and expands the number of allelic variants (18 ± 4 mutations for the top 5 mutated genes) that result in vancomycin resistance phenotypes.
Interprofessional Collaborative Management of Postconcussion Cognitive Symptoms
Authors: Mashima Pauline A. , Waldron-Perrine Brigid , MacLennan Don , Sohlberg McKay Moore , Perla Lisa Y. , Eapen Blessen C. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to illustrate an interprofessional cognitive rehabilitation approach. Invited experts representing physical medicine and rehabilitation, clinical neuropsychology/rehabilitation psychology, registered nurse care coordination, and speech-language pathology share viewpoints from their discipline to engage in collaborative interventions with the goal of enhancing treatment outcomes.

Conclusions
Treating the multifactorial symptoms of concussion requires expertise from an interdisciplinary team (IDT) of professionals, contributing unique perspectives and providing integrative services to optimize rehabilitation outcomes for patients. Speech-language pathologists serve an important role on IDTs to deliver personalized, targeted therapies for prolonged or persistent postconcussion cognitive impairment.