bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Control of Proactive and Reactive Mechanisms of Visual Suppression
Authors: Di Bello Fabio , Ben Hadj Hassen Sameh , Astrand Elaine , Ben Hamed Suliann 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In everyday life, we are continuously struggling at focusing on our current goals while at the same time avoiding distractions. Attention is the neuro-cognitive process devoted to the selection of behaviorally relevant sensory information while at the same time preventing distraction by irrelevant information. Distraction can be prevented proactively, by strategically prioritizing task-relevant information at the expense of irrelevant information, or reactively, by suppressing the ongoing processing of distractors. The distinctive neuronal signature of these suppressive mechanisms is still largely unknown. Thanks to machine-learning decoding methods applied to prefrontal cortical activity, we monitor the dynamic spatial attention with an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. We first identify independent behavioral and neuronal signatures for long-term (learning-based spatial prioritization) and short-term (dynamic spatial attention) mechanisms. We then identify distinct behavioral and neuronal signatures for proactive and reactive suppression mechanisms. We find that while distracting task-relevant information is suppressed proactively, task-irrelevant information is suppressed reactively. Critically, we show that distractor suppression, whether proactive or reactive, strongly depends on the implementation of both long-term and short-term mechanisms of selection. Overall, we provide a unified neuro-cognitive framework describing how the prefrontal cortex deals with distractors in order to flexibly optimize behavior in dynamic environments.
MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis after the Pfizer/BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Obata Shota , Hidaka Sumi , Yamano Mizuki , Yanai Mitsuru , Ishioka Kunihiro , Kobayashi Shuzo 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has demonstrated high efficacy at preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a favorable safety profile, however it has also been reported that COVID-19 vaccines may put increase of immune-mediated disease. We herein report a case of MPO-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis following the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) for COVID-19. Although the causal relationship between vaccine and ANCA-associated vasculitis is uncertain, environmental and genetic factors may have set the stage for the development of vasculitis, and the vaccine may have triggered a domino effect.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to Clinical Practice in Inflammatory Bowel Disease – What the Clinician Needs to Know
Authors: Chen David , Fulmer Clifton , Gordon Ilyssa O , Syed Sana , Stidham Ryan W , Vande Casteele Niels , Qin Yi , Falloon Katherine , Cohen Benjamin L , Wyllie Robert , Rieder Florian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence [AI] techniques are quickly spreading across medicine as an analytical method to tackle challenging clinical questions. What were previously thought of as highly complex data sources, such as images or free text, are now becoming manageable. Novel analytical methods merge the latest developments in information technology infrastructure with advances in computer science. Once primarily associated with Silicon Valley, AI techniques are now making their way into medicine, including in the field of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. Understanding potential applications and limitations of these techniques can be difficult, in particular for busy clinicians. In this article, we explain the basic terminologies and provide a particular focus on the foundations behind state-of-the-art AI methodologies in both imaging and text. We explore the growing applications of AI in medicine, with a specific focus on IBD to inform the practising gastroenterologist and IBD specialist. Finally, we outline possible future uses of these technologies in daily clinical practice.
The Incidence and Characteristics of Venous Thromboembolisms in Paediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective International Cohort Study Based on the PIBD-SETQuality Safety Registry
Authors: Aardoom Martine A , Klomberg Renz C W , Kemos Polychronis , Ruemmele Frank M ,   PIBD-VTE Group, Fagbemi Andrew , Kiparissi Fevronia , Schweizer Joachim J , Sebastian Shaji , Russell Richard K , Torrente Franco , van Mill Marije , de Ridder Lissy , Croft Nicholas M , Tempia-Caliera Michela , Seah Lee Way , Pigott Anna J , Classen Martin , Morris Mary-Anne , Muhammed Rafeeq , Hussey Seamus , Cananzi Mara , Menz Timothy J , Wahbeh Ghassan T , van Ommen C H (Heleen) , de Ridder Lissy , Croft Nicholas M ,   PIBD-SETQuality Consortium, Turner Dan , Focht Gili , Croft Nicholas , de Ridder Lissy , Samsom Janneke , Veereman Gigi , Neyt Mattias , Kemos Polychronis , Koletzko Sibylle , Brückner Annecarin , Levine Arie , Russell Richard , Levine Arie , Weiner Dror , Griffiths Anne , Aloi Marina , Raes Jeroen , Christiaens Annick , Walters Thomas , Walker Michael , Ruemelle Frank , Nguyen Demange Christine , Bigot Laetitia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Guidelines regarding thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolisms [VTEs] in children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are based on limited paediatric evidence. We aimed to prospectively assess the incidence of VTEs in paediatric-onset IBD [PIBD], characterize PIBD patients with a VTE and identify potential IBD-related risk factors.

Methods
From October 2016 to September 2020, paediatric gastroenterologists prospectively replied to the international Safety Registry, monthly indicating whether they had observed a VTE case in a patient &lt;19 years with IBD. IBD details [type, Paris classification, clinical and biochemical disease activity, treatment] and VTE details [type, location, treatment, outcome] were collected. To estimate VTE incidence, participants annually reported the number of PIBD patients, data source and catchment area of their centre. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed to calculate the VTE incidence in the general paediatric population.

Results
Participation of 129 PIBD centres resulted in coverage of 24 802 PIBD patients. Twenty cases of VTE were identified [30% Crohn’s disease]. The incidence of VTEs was 3.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27–5.74) per 10 000 person-years, 14-fold higher than in the general paediatric population (0.27 [95% CI 0.18–0.38], p &lt; 0.001). Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis was most frequently reported [50%]. All but one patient had active IBD, 45% were using steroids and 45% were hospitalized. No patient received thromboprophylaxis, whereas according to current PIBD guidelines, this was recommended in 4/20 patients.

Conclusion
There is an increased risk of VTEs in the PIBD population compared to the general paediatric population. Awareness of VTE occurrence and prevention should be extended to all PIBD patients with active disease, especially those hospitalized.
Temporary device malfunction of an MR conditional cardiac resynchronization defibrillator when undergoing MRI without appropriate re-programming: a case report
Authors: Patel Bhavisha , Monkhouse Christopher , Manisty Charlotte , Papageorgiou Nikos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) for patients with implantable cardiac devices is becoming more routine, with the development of MR conditional devices allowing more patients access to the imaging they need. However, for this to be performed safely, strict protocols must be followed necessitating close collaboration between cardiology and radiology departments. We present a case where mandatory device re-programming of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator device into MRI mode was not performed pre-scan leading to temporary device dysfunction with no clinical consequences.

Case summary
A 72-year-old man presented to a device clinic for a routine device interrogation. An atrial tachycardia response episode was recorded at the same time as the patient reported having undergone an MRI scan at a local centre. The electrogram demonstrated temporary right ventricular loss of capture with standard output programming, and a short episode of oversensing on the atrial and ventricular channel which was not sustained for long enough to meet tachycardia detection.

Discussion
We demonstrate two potential electrophysiological effects of MRI on pacemakers, where the device had not been appropriately re-programmed pre-procedure. This illustrates that whilst MRI in patients with implantable cardiac devices is safe, strict protocols must be followed requiring robust multidisciplinary communication.
Bifurcation analysis of the eigenstructure of the discrete single-curl operator in three-dimensional Maxwell’s equations with Pasteur media
Authors: Liang Xin , Guo Zhen-Chen , Huang Tsung-Ming , Li Tiexiang , Lin Wen-Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on studying the bifurcation analysis of the eigenstructure of the $\gamma $-parameterized generalized eigenvalue problem ($\gamma $-GEP) arising in three-dimensional source-free Maxwell’s equations with Pasteur media, where $\gamma $ is the magnetoelectric chirality parameter. The weakly coupled case, namely, $\gamma &lt; \gamma _{\ast } \equiv $ critical value, the $\gamma $-GEP is positive definite, has been well studied by Chern et al. (2015, Singular value decompositions for single-curl operators in three-dimensional Maxwell’s equations for complex media. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 36, 203–224). For the strongly coupled case, namely, $\gamma&gt; \gamma _{\ast }$, the $\gamma $-GEP is no longer positive definite, introducing a totally different and complicated structure. For the critical strongly coupled case, numerical computations for electromagnetic fields have been presented by Huang et al. (2018, Solving three-dimensional Maxwell eigenvalue problem with fourteen Bravais lattices. Technical Report). In this paper, we build several theoretical results on the eigenstructure behaviour of the $\gamma $-GEPs. We prove that the $\gamma $-GEP is regular for any $\gamma&gt; 0$, and the $\gamma $-GEP has $2 \times 2$ Jordan blocks of infinite eigenvalues at the critical value $\gamma _{\ast }$. Then we show that the $2 \times 2$ Jordan block will split into a complex conjugate eigenvalue pair that rapidly goes down and up and then collides at some real point near the origin. Next it will bifurcate into two real eigenvalues, with one moving towards the left and the other to the right along the real axis as $\gamma $ increases. A newly formed state whose energy is smaller than the ground state can be created as $\gamma $ is larger than the critical value. This stunning feature of the physical phenomenon would be very helpful in practical applications. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the corresponding theoretical eigenstructure of the three-dimensional Maxwell equations with Pasteur media.
The Impact of Payment Frequency on Consumer Spending and Subjective Wealth Perceptions
Authors: De La Rosa Wendy , Tully Stephanie M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Payment frequency is a fundamental yet underexplored feature of consumers’ finances. As higher payment frequencies are becoming more prevalent, consumers are receiving more frequent yet smaller paychecks. An analysis of income and expenditure data of over 30,000 consumers from a financial services provider demonstrates a naturally occurring relationship between higher payment frequencies and increased spending. A series of lab studies support this finding, providing causal evidence that higher (vs. lower) payment frequencies increase spending. The effect of payment frequency on spending is driven by changes in consumers’ subjective wealth perceptions. Specifically, higher payment frequencies reduce consumers’ uncertainty in predicting whether they will have enough resources throughout a period, increasing their subjective wealth perceptions. As such, situational factors that reduce prediction uncertainty for those paid less frequently (e.g., the timing of consumers’ expenses, income levels) moderate the impact of payment frequency. The effects of payment frequency on subjective wealth and spending can occur even when objective wealth favors those with lower payment frequencies. More broadly, the current work underscores a need to understand how timing variations in consumers’ income impact their perceptions, behaviors, and general well-being.
Noncrop Host Plant Associations for Oversummering of Diuraphis noxia in the State of South Australia
Authors: Van Helden M , Heddle T , Proctor C , Alhwash L , Wake B , Al-Jawahiri F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Diuraphis noxia, Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae), established in Australia since 2016, is dependent on grasses (Poales: Poaceae) to persist in the low-rainfall Australian wheat belt, where no crops are present during summer. To identify grasses as D. noxia hosts in Australia, plants were tested in greenhouse conditions as either whole plants collected from roadsides or grown from collected seed in 2017 and 2018. To determine actual field refugia, direct grass sampling and Berlese extraction of aphids were conducted from October 2018 to May 2020 throughout Southern Australia (2,285 samples). One hundred and twenty-six grass species were collected, 54 showed presence of D. noxia, of which 24 were considered host plants, including 16 species (9 Australian natives) not recorded as host plants previously. Hordeum leporinum (Link) Arcang. Poales:Poaceae and several Bromus species (Poales: Poaceae) showed the highest D. noxia detection frequency and aphid numbers, but these introduced grass species are not summer active in most of South Australia. The native Enneapogon nigricans (Poales: Poaceae) (R.Br.) is the most important summer refuge species because of its widespread distribution, summer growth, and an intermediate level of positive detections with low D. noxia populations. The late summer represents the main bottleneck for D. noxia with very few hosts available and very low D. noxia detections overall. Late summer rainfall (February) seems essential to have the main host grasses germinate for D. noxia populations to build up and potentially invade crops sown in autumn.
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, Part 2: Patient Economic Burden Associated With Cancer Care
Authors: Yabroff K Robin , Mariotto Angela , Tangka Florence , Zhao Jingxuan , Islami Farhad , Sung Hyuna , Sherman Recinda L , Henley S Jane , Jemal Ahmedin , Ward Elizabeth M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries provide annual information about cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. Part 1 of this annual report focuses on national cancer statistics. This study is part 2, which quantifies patient economic burden associated with cancer care.

Methods
We used complementary data sources, linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare, and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to develop comprehensive estimates of patient economic burden, including out-of-pocket and patient time costs, associated with cancer care. The 2000-2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data were used to estimate net patient out-of-pocket costs among adults aged 65 years and older for the initial, continuing, and end-of-life phases of care for all cancer sites combined and separately for the 21 most common cancer sites. The 2008-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data were used to calculate out-of-pocket costs and time costs associated with cancer among adults aged 18-64 years and 65 years and older.

Results
Across all cancer sites, annualized net out-of-pocket costs for medical services and prescriptions drugs covered through a pharmacy benefit among adults aged 65 years and older were highest in the initial ($2200 and $243, respectively) and end-of-life phases ($3823 and $448, respectively) and lowest in the continuing phase ($466 and $127, respectively), with substantial variation by cancer site. Out-of-pocket costs were generally higher for patients diagnosed with later-stage disease. Net annual time costs associated with cancer were $304.3 (95% confidence interval = $257.9 to $350.9) and $279.1 (95% confidence interval = $215.1 to $343.3) for adults aged 18-64 years and ≥65 years, respectively, with higher time costs among more recently diagnosed survivors. National patient economic burden, including out-of-pocket and time costs, associated with cancer care was projected to be $21.1 billion in 2019.

Conclusions
This comprehensive study found that the patient economic burden associated with cancer care is substantial in the United States at the national and patient levels.
Progressive, Long-Term Hearing Loss in Congenital CMV Disease After Ganciclovir Therapy
Authors: Lanzieri Tatiana M , Caviness Alison Chantal , Blum Peggy , Demmler-Harrison Gail ,   Congenital Cytomegalovirus Longitudinal Study Group, Ahmed Shahzad , Baer Hanna , Bhatt Amit R , Blum Peggy , Brown Frank , Catlin Francis , Caviness Alison C , Coats David K , Edmonds Jane C , Flores Marily , Franklin Daniel , Gandaria Cindy , Greer Jewel , Griesser Carol , Hussein Mohamed A , Iovino Isabella , Istas Allison , Jin Haoxing (Douglas) , Kelinske Mary K , Klingen Joseph T , Laurente Antone , Littman Thomas , Murphy Mary , Miller Jerry , Nelson Christopher , Noyola Daniel , Paysse Evelyn A , Percy Alan , Reis Sara , Reynolds Ann , Rozelle Judith , Smith O’Brien , Steinkuller Paul , Turcich Marie , Vinson Sherry Sellers , Voigt Robert G , Walmus Bethann , Williams Jill , Williamson Daniel , Yen Kimberly G , Yow Martha D , Demmler-Harrison Gail J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Long-term hearing outcomes among children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease who received 6-week ganciclovir therapy early in life are unknown.

Methods
Longitudinal study of 76 children with symptomatic congenital CMV disease, born 1983-2005, who were categorized into three groups: group A treated with ganciclovir; group B untreated who had microcephaly, chorioretinitis, or sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL; ≥25 dB) diagnosed in the first month of life (congenital); and group C untreated who did not meet criteria for group B.

Results
Patients in groups A (n = 17), B (n = 27), and C (n = 32) were followed to median age of 13, 11, and 13 years, respectively. In group A, patients received ganciclovir for median of 40 (range, 11-63) days; 7 (41%) had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Congenital SNHL was diagnosed in 11 (65%) patients in group A, 15 (56%) in group B, and none in group C. Early-onset SNHL was diagnosed between ages ≥1-12 months in an additional 4 (24%), 6 (22%), and 8 (25%) patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. By the end of follow-up, 12 (71%), 16 (59%), and 7 (22%) of patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively, had severe (&gt;70 dB) SNHL in the better-hearing ear.

Conclusions
In this study, most patients with symptomatic congenital CMV disease and congenital or early-onset SNHL eventually developed hearing loss severe enough to have been potential candidates for cochlear implantation, with or without 6-week ganciclovir therapy. Understanding long-term hearing outcomes of patients treated with 6-month oral valganciclovir (current standard of care) is needed.
Rupture of a superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm following craniotomy
Authors: Shields Jessica , Robichaux Jared , Morrow Kevin , Crutcher Clifford , Tender Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is a rare entity that has been reported in the literature after trauma or iatrogenic injuries. We describe a unique case of STA pseudoaneurysm rupture and the clinical sequelae associated with its rupture. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm rupture of the STA that occurred 14 days after craniotomy for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair. We also review the literature, diagnosis and treatment of external carotid artery aneurysms. Rupture of a STA pseudoaneurysm is a previously unreported and serious complication that must be quickly recognized in order to control hemorrhage that may have life threatening complications.
Abscisic acid insensitive 4 interacts with ICE1 and JAZ proteins to regulate ABA signaling-mediated cold tolerance in apple
Authors: An Jian-Ping , Xu Rui-Rui , Liu Xin , Su Ling , Yang Kuo , Wang Xiao-Fei , Wang Gui-Luan , You Chun-Xiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbscisic acid is involved in the regulation of cold stress response, but its molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family protein MdABI4 positively regulates abscisic acid-mediated cold tolerance in apple. We found that MdABI4 interacts with MdICE1, a key regulatory protein involved in the cold stress response, and enhances the transcriptional regulatory function of MdICE1 on its downstream target gene MdCBF1, thus improving abscisic acid-mediated cold tolerance. The jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 negatively modulate MdABI4-improved cold tolerance in apple by interacting with the MdABI4 protein. Further investigation showed that MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfere with the interaction between the MdABI4 and MdICE1 proteins. Together, our data revealed that MdABI4 integrates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals to precisely modulate cold tolerance in apple through the JAZ-ABI4-ICE1-CBF regulatory cascade. These findings provide insights into the crosstalk between jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals in response to cold stress.
Evolution of brightness and magnetic features of young solar-type stars – I. The young G star HIP 89829
Authors: Perugini G M , Marsden S C , Waite I A , Jeffers S V , Piskunov N , Shaw N , Burton D M , Mengel M W , Hughes J E , Hébrard E M 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The evolution in latitude of sunspots is a key feature of the cyclic solar dynamo. Here, we present the results of a spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric monitoring campaign on the young (∼20 Myr old) early G star HIP 89829, in order to investigate potential evolution in the distribution of the star’s spots and magnetic features. Our analysis of this G5V star spans eight epochs, from June 2010 to August 2015. The techniques of Doppler imaging and Zeeman–Doppler imaging were used to create brightness maps for each epoch and magnetic maps for two epochs. The brightness images show the star to have stable spot features with two main spot latitudes – a polar spot, often seen on young rapidly rotating stars such as this, and another highly unusual group of large spot features around the 20° and 30° latitudes. These lower spot latitudes appear to be rather stable over the 5 yr of observations. We included a solar-type differential rotation law into the imaging process and measured near-solid-body rotation for epochs where sufficient data exist for this analysis. The magnetic features show a dominant poloidal and a weaker toroidal magnetic field for both Stokes V epochs, which is unusual for a star with a rapid rotation period of 0.57 d. We conclude that HIP 89829 is an active young solar-type star with long-lived spots and near-solid-body rotation.