bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive Utilization and Unmet Need for Contraception Among Women Undergoing Treatment for Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Alemayehu Semaria Solomon , Yitayew Berhanu , Kebede Abebaw , Getahun Haileyesus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy can pose a risk to women on tuberculosis (TB) treatment with a threat to the mother, fetus, and family at large. Contraceptive counseling and provision should be an integral part of TB clinics. Physiological and stress-related effects result when pregnancy occurs on TB illness and while treatment. Hence, this study aimed to assess contraceptive utilization, unmet need among women on TB treatment, and integration of family planning (FP) services with TB clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 316 women aged 18-49 who were on TB treatment were recruited from one TB referral hospital and five randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa with a response rate of 100%. The contraceptive utilization rate, unmet need, and integration of FP and TB services were determined. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with contraceptive utilization.Result: Among women on TB treatment 49 (41.9%) were using contraceptives. Out of contraceptive users, 10 (34.5%) used contraceptive to limit and 18 (62.1%) used to space. In multiple logistic regression only parity had a significant association with contraceptive utilization. Women who had 1-3 children had 0.351 odds of having used contraception than those who had no children (AOR=0.351, 95% CI 0.152, 0.815, p=0.001). Among women who were married or sexually active, 12 (18.9%) had an unmetneed. Of the study participants, 144 (45.6% )have been informed about FP services at the TB clinics.Conclusion: The contraceptive utilization rate of women in the current study is slightly higher than the national prevalence yet it is still very low. Furthermore, the unmet need was lower than the national report for the general population However, more attention should be given to raise awareness of utilization in this group. Educating women about the risk of getting pregnant while visiting the health facility for TB medication will help improve their chances of better recovery, avoid medication side effects on the fetus, and improve their quality of life. TB guidelines can consider providing FP couselings when initiating treatment to provide women with the power of information to make deliberate decisions.
Modeling Incidence Rate by Region: Analysis of Asthma and Other Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases
Authors: Wesonga Ronald , Abdelbasit Khidir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to examine regional differences for asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases. The study was based on data collected from annual reports produced by the Ministry of Health over a ten-year period beginning from 2010 to 2019. Incidence rates for eleven regions in the Sultanate of Oman were analyzed using statistical tools including; analysis of variance and binary logistic regression model to determine the effect of region on asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases. The incident rates were found to be significantly different by region (F-value=27.07, p=0.00). There was no significant variation by year (F-value=1.05, p>0.407). Overall over the ten-year period the incidence rates stagnated between 250 and 300 per 10000 of the population, but showed a reducing trend between 2016 and 2019. The logistic regression model shows that compared to the Muscat region, all the other regions had significant increased odd ratios. There is a significant evidence of regional variation in the incidence of asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases. This implies probable characteristics in geographical regions that are associated with asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases’ exacerbation. Five asthma-region classifications were identified from our analysis. Findings of this study may be used to guide decision making towards the management and control of asthma and chronic obstructive lung diseases.
New Chalcone Derivatives as Effective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents
Authors: Duran Nizami , Polat M. Fatih , Aktas Derya Anil , Alagoz M. Abdullah , Ay Emrah , Cimen Funda , Tek Erhan , Anil Baris , Burmaoglu Serdar , Algul Oztekin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Flavonoids and related compounds, such as quercetin-based antiviral drug Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin, inhibit the protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The alkylated chalcones isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit SARS-CoV proteases. Hydroxychloroquine and Favipiravir have been used in many countries since the beginning of the pandemic with the thought that they may have antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2. In this study, we aimed to compare the anti-SARS CoV-2 activities of both newly synthesized chalcone derivatives and these two drugs.The current study aimed to determine the potent antiviral activity of newly synthesized chalcone derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 by calculating the RT-PCR cycling threshold (Ct) values. Antiviral activities of the compounds varied due to being dose dependent. Compound 6, 7, 9 and 16 were highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations of 1.60 µg/mL. Structure-based virtual screening was carried out against the most important druggable SARS-CoV-2 targets, viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), to identify putative inhibitors that could facilitate the development of potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. Computational analyses identified eight compounds inhibiting each target, with binding affinity scores ranging from − 4,370 to -2,748 kcal/mol along with their toxicological, ADME, and drug-like properties.
Pinocembrin ameliorates post-infarct heart failure through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xiuhuan , Wan Weiguo , Guo Yan , Ye Tianxin , Fo Yuhong , Sun Yazhou , Qu Chuan , Yang Bo , Zhang Cui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Oxidative stress is an important factor involved in the progress of heart failure. The current study was performed to investigate whether pinocembrin was able to ameliorate post-infarct heart failure (PIHF) and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods

Rats were carried out left anterior descending artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction and subsequently raised for 6 weeks to produce chronic heart failure. Then pinocembrin was administrated every other day for 2 weeks. The effects were evaluated by echocardiography, western blot, Masson’s staining, biochemical examinations, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence. In vitro we also cultured H9c2 myocytes to further testify the mechanisms.
Results

We found that PIHF-induced deteriorations of cardiac functions were significantly ameliorated by administrating pinocembrin. In addition, the pinocembrin treatment also attenuated collagen deposition and augmented vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in infarct border zone along with an attenuated apoptosis, which were related to an amelioration of oxidative stress evidenced by reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in heart tissue and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD). This were accompanied by upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. In vitro experiments we found that non-specific Nrf2 inhibitor significantly reversed the effects resulted from pinocembrin including antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis and neovascularization, which further indicated the amelioration of PIHF by pinocembrin was in a Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-dependent manner.
Conclusion

Pinocembrin ameliorated cardiac functions and remodeling resulted from PIHF by ROS scavenging and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation which further attenuated collagen fibers deposition and apoptosis, and facilitated angiogenesis.
Best Practices Learned from Online Problem-based Learning Help Prepare Students for Global Health Care Challenges of the Future
Authors: O'Donoghue Orla , Kasselman Lora , Ayala Gladys , Shelov Steven P. , Ragolia Louis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Problem-based learning (PBL) offers a unique model of remote learning that resembles important facets of students’ future medical careers. The purpose of this study was to determine if online PBL was successful and to identify creative innovations and best practices of online learning in order to better prepare medical students for health care careers in the future.
Methods

The impact of implementing virtually delivered PBL sessions on student experience and performance in comparison to in-person PBL sessions was evaluated. A 4-point Likert scale question was used to investigate the effect of the transition to online PBL on the students’ PBL process experience. Student PBL process grades were measured on a scale of 5–10, where 5 is “needs substantial improvement” and 10 is “meets expectations”. PBL session grades were compared in one session before and one session after the transition to online PBL using a paired t-test. Data are presented as number of responses per category (percentage), or as a mean +/- standard deviation.
Results

Based on our experiences, we identified a successful transition to online PBL with no meaningful impact on students’ performance. We also identified several challenges to online PBL and how students demonstrated creative solutions to overcome these challenges. As a result of our experience, we identified several key factors as best practices of implementing online PBL to ensure a smooth transition from in-person sessions for both faculty and students, including extensive preparation, participation of support staff, availability of adequate internet services and equipment, and input from instructional technology and design personnel.
Conclusion

Successful student performance and experience, along with best practices learned from implementing virtual PBL, provide valuable tools for improving teaching and critical insight into the challenges faced, when preparing students for global health care changes in the future.
CD33 as a Leukocyte-Associated Marker Expressed on Human Spermatozoa
Authors: Sereshki Nasrin , Rafiee Mitra , Alipour Razieh , Navkhasi Sasan , Ahmadipanah Vahid , wilkinson david 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are commonly present on immune cells and often mediate cell-to-cell interactions and signaling. Studies have shown the presence of Siglecs 1, 2, 5, 6, 10 and 14 on human spermatozoa. To the best of our knowledge, the expression of CD33 on spermatozoa has not yet been studied.
Methods
Semen samples were collected from 25 healthy men with normal semen status. CD33 expression on purified spermatozoa was evaluated by flow cytometry methods.
Results
The results demonstrate the expression of CD33 on the surface of purified spermatozoa. The mean (± SD) of MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) was 12.85 (± 1.33) and the mean percentage of spermatozoa that express CD33 was 73.75 (± 3.75).
Conclusion
Results were obtained showing that spermatozoa express CD33 (or Siglec-3) on their surface. The physiological role of these molecules on spermatozoa remains to be determined. It is recommended that further research should be undertaken regarding the role of Siglecs (such as CD33) on spermatozoa apoptosis.
Survey for Online Tourist Guide
Authors: Garkal Satyaki , Ghodse Swapnil , Khare Rutuj , Jadho Shilpa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents survey related to existing systems used in e-tourism and the development of a location based online tourist guide application. This paper provides a summary of innovations that have happened in the field of e-tourism and addresses some of these limitations of these existing systems. It also provides certain recommendations which can be used to betterment of existing systems. The main motive behind this survey is to compare all the applications used for e-tourism and introduce a system which will help tourist to retrieve all information about place in absence of local information or tourist guide.
Possibilities of combined therapy in patients with functional biliary sphincter of Oddi disorder
Authors: Mekhtiev S. N. , Mekhtieva O. A. , Ibragimova Z. M. , Ukhova M. V. , Volnukhin A. V. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The prevalence of functional biliary disorders continues to increase with insufficient effectiveness of existing treatment approaches. Among them, functional biliary disorders of sphincter of Oddi account for at least 50%.Objective. To study efficacy, safety and tolerability of a fixed combination of glycyrrhizic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid (Fosfogliv Urso) in capsule form in patients with functional biliary disorders of sphincter of Oddi.Materials and Methods. The study included 32 patients diagnosed with functional biliary sphincter of Oddi disorders established according to the Rome Criteria IV revision (2016). Patients received Fosfogliv Urso (250 mg ursodeoxycholic acid and 35 mg glycyrrhizic acid) 1 capsule 3 times a day for 8 weeks. Prior to treatment, all study participants underwent a standard set of laboratory and instrumental examinations.Results. Against the background of Fosfogliv Urso treatment, statistically significant decrease of biliary pain prevalence up to 48.3% (p < 0.001); intense biliary pain up to 11.4% (p < 0.0001); intensity of pain syndrome on visual analogue scale down to 1.7 ± 0.9 cm was registered (p < 0.0001). Alanine aminotransferase activity significantly decreased to 34.0 ± 4.0 U/L (p < 0.001). There was a tendency of choledochal diameter decrease to 0.57 ± 0.01 cm. Treatment efficacy was rated by patients as very good and good in 83.4% of cases. The safety profile was assessed as favorable and tolerability as satisfactory.Discussion. The results obtained were superior to those previously obtained for ursodeoxycholic acid monotherapy and confirmed the data of the previously conducted phase III study. The rationality of the combination is due to the mutual complementation and possible synergism of the pharmacological effects of glycyrrhizinic and ursodeoxycholic acids.Conclusion. The results obtained allow to recommend the prescription of Fosfogliv Urso in the complex scheme of treatment and prophylaxis of functional biliary disorders of sphincter of Oddi.
Modern aspects of the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh J. L. 
Published: May 2021

A review of modern data from the study of functional disorders of the digestive tract is performed. In the United States, 4 million people with functional bowel disorders seek medical care annually, and the annual cost of managing these patients is $ 358 million. Due to the urgency of the problem, new developments appear, among which it is necessary to highlight the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines for the management of patients with IBS. To examine patients with suspected IBS, the authors of the ACG guideline proposed a positive diagnostic strategy, which is based on a careful study of the anamnesis, focusing on the key symptoms of the relationship between abdominal pain and bowel function during a long course of the disease (more than 6 months) and the absence of alarming symptoms with minimal use of instrumental diagnostic tests. For the diagnosis of IBS, the authors recommended serological testing for celiac disease, determination of fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases, but they did not consider it necessary to routinely analyze stool for intestinal pathogens. From our point of view, the absence of routine stool analysis for intestinal pathogens is completely inapplicable for Russia, since in our country the frequency of detection of diphyllobothriasis, giardiasis and opisthorchiasis is very high. The ACG consensus drew attention to the need to expand the evidence base for the use of some standard drugs for the treatment of IBS, proposed a number of new drugs (lebiprostone, linaclotide), recommended the use of rifaximin (for the treatment of IBS with a predominance of diarrhea) and tricyclic antidepressants (for the treatment of IBS). Analysis of modern international recommendations suggests that the clinical guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Association of Coloproctologists of Russia for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS are currently the main document governing the management of these patients in our country.
Clinical features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with different glycemic status
Authors: Shipovskaya A. A. , Kurbatova I. V. , Selivyorstov P. V. , Marchenko V. N. , Radchenko V. G. , Dudanova O. P. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. NAFLD is an urgent health problem, its prevalence reaches 45%. NAFLD increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 3 times, the risk of death from them by 2 times and increases the risk of developing diabetes by 5 times. NAS occupies up to 20% of the structure of NAFLD and has a high potential for progression, and the violation of endogenous glycemic regulation and the development of DM2 accelerates the rate of disease progression.The goal was to determine the frequency of development of prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in NASH patients and the effect of impaired glycemic status on the clinical features of NASH.Materials and methods: 211 NASH patients were examined: 148 (70.1%) men, 63 (29.9%) women, 48.3 ± 10.2 years old. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and histological data. By enzyme immunoassay were determined: TNF-α, cytokeratin-18 fragments (CKF-18), insulin; were calculated HOMA-IR and NAFLD fibrosis score (NAFLD FS).Results and discussion. PD was detected in 39 (18.5%) patients, T2DM - in 33 (15.6%) patients. In PD patients, in contrast to patients with normoglycemia, the following indicators were significantly higher: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol levels (Ch), LDL, ESR, TNF-α, NAFLD FS and lower albumin and platelet levels. In patients with T2DM, in contrast to those with normoglycemia, the following indicators were significantly higher: WC, BMI, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (APh), Ch, ESR, CKF-18 and NAFLD FS. In T2DM patients in contrast to those with PD, the following indicators were significantly higher: aminotransferases, APh and lower albumin level.Conclusions. Prediabetes and T2DM were detected with almost the same frequency among patients with NASH – in 18.5% and 15.6%, respectively. Disturbance of glycemic status was associated with a significance increase in waist circumference, markers of inflammation, dyslipidemia, fibrosis, hepatocytic necrosis, apoptosis, intrahepatic cholestasis and a decrease in albumin level.
Rational topical treatment of uncomplicated rhinosinusitis as a basis for successful recovery
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. Yu. , Miroshnichenko N. A. , Savranskaya K. V. , Nikolaeva Yu. O. 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the treatment of one of the most common diseases - the treatment of rhinosinusitis. According to statistics only 2% of the sinusitis in population are bacterial. At the same time administration of systemic antibiotic therapy reaches 95.5%. The problem of rational prescription of antibacterial drugs, including management of the rhinosinusitis, is very acute, especially considering the constant increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Currently, the level of patients with prolonged post-viral rhinosinusitis after COVID-19 has increased. Most have a history of one or more courses of systemic antibiotics and, often, without indications. In article are listed indications for systemic and local antibacterial therapy in adults and children, based on national and European clinical guidelines. The data on complications during the use of systemic antibacterial drugs are presented. Authors give information about the advantages of the local use of antibiotics: the absence of general toxic complications, the creation of an optimal concentration directly in the focus of inflammation. The advantages of combining solutions of neomycin and polymyxin B for topical use, such as a pronounced bactericidal effect against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), causing the development of infectious processes in the upper respiratory tract, are separately noted. The author describes his own experience of using the original nasal spray Polydex with phenylephrine, containing a fixed combination of neomycin, polymyxin B, dexamethasone sodium metasulfobenzoate and phenylephrine, in the treatment of patients with post-viral rhinosinusitis. As a result of the collection of literature data, as well as based on their own experience, the authors concluded that the use of this nasal spray in outpatient practice will significantly improve the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the frequency of prescribing systemic antibiotics.
Construction of a spatio-temporal coupling model for groundwater level prediction: a case study of Changwu area, Yangtze River Delta region of China
Authors: He Liang , Hou Manqing , Chen Suozhong , Zhang Junru , Chen Junyi , Qi Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dynamic monitoring data of groundwater level is an important basis for understanding the current situation of groundwater development and for the utilization and planning of sustainable exploitation. Dynamic monitoring data of groundwater level are typical spatio-temporal sequence data, which have the characteristics of non-linearity and strong spatio-temporal correlation. The trend of dynamic change of groundwater level is the key factor for the optimal allocation of groundwater resources. However, most of the existing groundwater level prediction models are insufficient in considering temporal and spatial factors and their spatio-temporal correlation. Therefore, construction of a space–time prediction model of groundwater level considering space–time factors and improving the prediction accuracy of groundwater level dynamic changes is of considerable theoretical and practical importance for the sustainable development of groundwater resources utilization. Based on the analysis of spatial–temporal characteristics of groundwater level of the pore confined aquifer II of Changwu area in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, the wavelet transform method was used to remove the noise in the original data, and the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method was used to calculate the water level. The spatial–temporal dataset and the long short-term memory (LSTM) were reconstructed by screening the spatial correlation of the monitoring wells in the study area. A spatio-temporal KNN-LSTM prediction model for groundwater level considering spatio-temporal factors was also constructed. The reliability and accuracy of KNN-LSTM, LSTM, support vector regression (SVR), and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were evaluated by a cross-validation algorithm. Results showed that the prediction accuracy of KNN-LSTM is 20.68%, 46.54%, and 55.34% higher than that of the other single prediction models (LSTM, SVR, and ARIMA, respectively).