bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize resistance to northern corn leaf blight is potentiated by nickel
Authors: Oliveira Lillian M. , Araujo Marcela U. P. , Silva Bruno N. , Chaves Joicy A. A. , Pinto Luiz F. C. C. , Silveira Patricia R. , Ribeiro Dimas Mendes , Rodrigues Fabrício Á. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNorthern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting maize yield worldwide. A foliar spray of nickel (Ni) to potentiate maize resistance against NCLB was investigated by examining alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus (leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll [Chl] a fluorescence parameters), production of ethylene and reactive oxygen species as well as activities of defence and antioxidant enzymes. Mycelial growth of E. turcicum was inhibited by Ni in vitro. Inoculated plants sprayed with Ni exhibited higher foliar Ni concentration, reduced NCLB symptoms, and lower concentrations of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. In inoculated leaves of plants not sprayed with Ni, concentrations of Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids were lower and the photosynthetic apparatus was impaired at the biochemical level due to high NCLB severity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were not affected by Ni, except an increase in glutathione reductase activity for noninoculated plants sprayed with Ni. High lipoxygenase and polyphenoloxidase activities, lower ethylene production, as well as elevated production of phenolics and lignin helped decrease NCLB severity in the leaves of Ni‐sprayed plants.
Riemann–Hilbert problem and interactions of solitons in the ‐component nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Li Yuan , Tian Shou‐Fu , Yang Jin‐Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we systematically investigate the general‐component nonlinear Schrödinger equations by using the Riemann–Hilbert method. Starting from the Lax pair associated with anmatrix spectral problem, we construct a Riemann–Hilbert problem and obtain the compact‐soliton solutions formula expressed by determinants. Taking two‐components nonlinear Schrödinger equations as an example, this work detailedly analyzes its multisoliton solutions by means of parameters modulation. Many interesting new phenomena are displayed including elastic collision, soliton reflection, parallel propagation, time‐periodic propagation and (space, time)‐periodic propagation. In addition, the interactions between solitons from weak to strong are presented. Finally, some conjectures about the dynamical behaviors of‐soliton solutions are proposed. We hope that the present analysis would be useful for a better understanding of soliton interactions in related fields such as nonlinear optics, plasma physics, oceanography, and Bose–Einstein condensates.
The persistence of gendered dating
Authors: Lamont Ellen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe research on gendered dating demonstrates the remarkable staying power of the conventional norms that shape the practice. Heterosexual women and men rely on a proactive/reactive framework in which men take the lead and women respond. This is in spite of broad changes in patterns of relationship formation as well as increased commitment to egalitarian relationships which should conceivably shift how women and men date. Yet, as this review of the literature demonstrates, multiple challenges to these gendered expectations around dating, including a self‐development imperative and extended period of independence before marriage, hookup culture on college campuses, and online dating, have failed to sufficiently challenge these gendered scripts. Heterosexual men and women locked out of these normative practices by economic constraints and social inequalities continue to desire them and struggle to enact rather than transform them. Moving forward, research should focus on the conditions under which sustained change does occur given the implications for research on gender inequality more broadly.
The effect of sanctions on economic freedom
Authors: Lektzian David , Mkrtchian Gor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen states are targeted with sanctions, they may respond with alterations of their domestic economies meant to counter any negative effects of sanctions. In this article, we argue that these alterations tend to lead to increased state command of the economy and reduced economic freedom, as sanctions create opportunities and incentives that encourage target states and firms within them to pursue increased state control of the economy. These declines in economic freedom may come about through a number of causal mechanisms, several of which will be elaborated upon in this article. We use large‐N empirical analysis of all aspects of the Fraser Institute's Index of Economic Freedom and find that sanctions associate with reductions in most components of economic freedom.
Spatiotemporal regulation of JAZ4 expression and splicing contribute to ethylene‐ and auxin‐mediated responses in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: DeMott Logan , Oblessuc Paula R. , Pierce Alice , Student Joseph , Melotto Maeli 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYJasmonic acid (JA) signaling controls several processes related to plant growth, development, and defense, which are modulated by the transcription regulator and receptor JASMONATE‐ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins. We recently discovered that a member of the JAZ family, JAZ4, has a prominent function in canonical JA signaling as well as other mechanisms. Here, we discovered the existence of two naturally occurring splice variants (SVs) of JAZ4 in planta, JAZ4.1 and JAZ4.2, and employed biochemical and pharmacological approaches to determine protein stability and repression capability of these SVs within JA signaling. We then utilized quantitative and qualitative transcriptional studies to determine spatiotemporal expression and splicing patterns in vivo, which revealed developmental‐, tissue‐, and organ‐specific regulation. Detailed phenotypic and expression analyses suggest a role of JAZ4 in ethylene (ET) and auxin signaling pathways differentially within the zones of root development in seedlings. These results support a model in which JAZ4 functions as a negative regulator of ET signaling and auxin signaling in root tissues above the apex. However, in the root apex JAZ4 functions as a positive regulator of auxin signaling possibly independently of ET. Collectively, our data provide insight into the complexity of spatiotemporal regulation of JAZ4 and how this impacts hormone signaling specificity and diversity in Arabidopsis roots.
Real‐time tracking of root hair nucleus morphodynamics using a microfluidic approach
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Pereira David , Baudrey Stéphanie , Hoffmann Elise , Ryckelynck Michael , Asnacios Atef , Chabouté Marie‐Edith 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYRoot hairs (RHs) are tubular extensions of root epidermal cells that favour nutrient uptake and microbe interactions. RHs show a fast apical growth, constituting a unique single cell model system for analysing cellular morphodynamics. In this context, live cell imaging using microfluidics recently developed to analyze root development is appealing, although high‐resolution imaging is still lacking to enable an investigation of the accurate spatiotemporal morphodynamics of organelles. Here, we provide a powerful coverslip based microfluidic device (CMD) that enables us to capture high resolution confocal imaging of Arabidopsis RH development with real‐time monitoring of nuclear movement and shape changes. To validate the setup, we confirmed the typical RH growth rates and the mean nuclear positioning previously reported with classical methods. Moreover, to illustrate the possibilities offered by the CMD, we have compared the real‐time variations in the circularity, area and aspect ratio of nuclei moving in growing and mature RHs. Interestingly, we observed higher aspect ratios in the nuclei of mature RHs, correlating with higher speeds of nuclear migration. This observation opens the way for further investigations of the effect of mechanical constraints on nuclear shape changes during RH growth and nuclear migration and its role in RH and plant development.
Accuracy of a drilling with a custom 3D printed guide or free‐hand technique in canine experimental sacroiliac luxations
Authors: McCarthy Daniel A. , Granger L. Abbigail , Aulakh Karanvir S. , Gines J. Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo improve the accuracy of drilling during the repair of sacroiliac luxations (SILs) with a 3D‐printed patient‐specific drill guide (3D‐GDT) compared to free‐hand drilling technique (FHDT).Study designBlinded, randomized, prospective ex vivo study.Sample populationSixteen canine cadavers (20–25 kg).MethodsDorsal, bilateral SILs were created. Pelvic CT was performed pre‐ and post‐drilling. The FHDT was drilled followed by 3D‐GDT. CT and 3D measurements of craniocaudal and dorsoventral angles were compared between FHDT and 3D‐GDT, as well as deviations of entry and exit points relative to optimal trajectory.ResultsMean craniocaudal and dorsoventral angles for both CT‐ and 3D‐measured 3D‐GDT (CT 4.2 ± 3.9° and 3.9 ± 3.2°, respectively; 3D 5.1 ± 5.1° and 2.8 ± 2.3°, respectively p = .0006) were lower compared to FHDT (CT 11.8 ± 4.0°, p < .0001 and 8.9 ± 6.1°, p = .01; 3D 12.4 ± 5.9°, p = .0006 and 5.3 ± 5.24°, p = .05). Entry dorsoventral and end craniocaudal, dorsoventral, and 3D linear deviations were reduced with 3D‐GDT. Sacral corridor disruption was present in 20% (3/15) for FHDT compared with 0% for 3D‐GDT. CT and 3D analyses were in strong agreement (r = 0.77).ConclusionDeviations of drill trajectories were minimized relative to optimal trajectories with 3D‐GDT compared to FHDT in the dorsoventral and craniocaudal planes.Clinical significanceThe use of 3D‐GDT improves accuracy of sacral drilling compared with FHDT in canine cadavers. These results justify further evaluation in a clinical, prospective study.
The pinna composite flap for wound reconstruction in a dog
Authors: Price Janessa B. , Wood Christopher J. , Liptak Julius M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the surgical technique and outcome of the use of a pinna composite flap for reconstruction of a wound defect following wide surgical resection of a mast cell tumor.AnimalsA 4‐year‐old female spayed golden doodle.Study DesignClinical case report.MethodsA dog with a histologically confirmed cutaneous mast‐cell tumor at the base of the ear was treated with a wide surgical resection, including total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. The defect could not be closed primarily and, as a result, the defect was reconstructed with a composite pinna flap.ResultsPartial avascular necrosis of the distal aspect of the composite flap required debridement and closure 13 days after the initial surgery. The flap was fully healed at 27 days postoperatively. The dog had facial nerve paralysis, which had not resolved by 45 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionThe surgical technique described in this report is novel. The use of the pinna as a composite flap is a novel reconstructive option for dorsal and dorsolateral head wounds.
Effectiveness of a synthetic human recombinant epidermal growth factor in diabetic patients wound healing: Pilot, double‐blind, randomized clinical controlled trial
Authors: Oliveira Bianca Campos , de Oliveira Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista , Deutsch Gabriela , Pessanha Fernanda Soares , de Castilho Selma Rodrigues 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo investigate whether the addition of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (h‐EGF) to 2% carboxymethyl cellulose gel is more effective in diabetic wound healing than standard treatment, a pilot, double‐blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial with therapeutic intervention was performed at a university hospital. The sample consisted of 25 patients (14 in the intervention group that used rh‐EGF and 11 in the control group that used 2% carboxymethyl cellulose gel). Data were tabulated in SPSS and analysed by intention to treat, without loss or exclusion of participants. Twenty‐five subjects participated with a mean age of 60.6 years, a predominance of males in both groups and 100% prevalence of type‐2 diabetes. Within 12 weeks, complete wound healing occurred in three ulcers in the intervention group versus one ulcer in the control group. The percent reduction in the wound area was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p = 0.049). Concerning the types of tissue, an increase in granulation and epithelial tissue and a reduction in exudate levels were observed in both groups. Decreased slough occurred only in the intervention group. No participant experienced serious or local adverse events during the study period. This study shows that h‐EGF is effective, with a statistically significant reduction in wound area, improvement of tissue quality, and safe treatment of chronic wounds. In addition, this study demonstrated that blinding of participants during research using h‐EGF is feasible.
Examining the Impact of Gym Closures Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Combat Sport Athletes’ Mental Health
Authors: Levy Jacob J. , Tarver Terrance L. , Douglas Hannah R. 
Published: September 2021

Changes in exercise behavior and negative emotional states (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in combat sport (e.g., boxing, wrestling, martial arts) athletes were examined the month prior to gym closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020), and approximately 1 month following gym closures (May 2020). A total of 312 combat sport athletes from 33 different countries responded to the study solicitation. Results indicated a significant decrease in combat sport training following gym closures; however, participation in other exercise activities did not significantly change. Significant mean increases in depression, anxiety, and stress were found following combat gym closures. Regression analyses revealed that number of hours of participants participated in combat sport training added significant incremental variance explained in depressive and stress symptoms above and beyond that accounted for by sex differences, preexisting conditions, and training level. Practical implications regarding losses to preferred exercise activities are discussed.
“I Can’t Because I Am a Man”: Masculinity, Manhood, and Gender Equality in Sport for Development
Authors: Soares Moura Eva 
Published: September 2021

Despite the growing body of feminist research investigating the relationship between sports initiatives and gender development goals, the literature to date has almost exclusively focused on female participation within sport for development programs. The purpose of this paper is to examine men’s behavior and provide novel insights into the perspectives and roles of men in sport for development work. This paper draws upon 11 months of ethnographic research undertaken between 2017 and 2018 in two organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, which use football as a tool to empower women. The findings reveal the diversity of roles men play in gender equality efforts and indicate issues men face, specifically the impact of ideas of manhood that hinder their ability to support broader social justice. The author ends the paper by outlining the necessity to explore masculinity and manhood in more depth to broaden the current understandings of the limitations and potential of sport for development initiatives to change the traditional model of male dominance and, consequently, have a more profound effect on gender equality.
The LFU ratio $$R_\pi $$ in the Standard Model and beyond
Authors: Bordone Marzia , Cornella Claudia , Isidori Gino , König Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe discuss the possibility of performing precise tests of $$\mu /e$$

μ
/
e

universality in $$B \rightarrow \pi \ell ^+\ell ^-$$

B
→
π

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays. We show that in wide regions of the dilepton invariant mass spectrum the ratio between muonic and electronic decay widths can be predicted with high accuracy, both within and beyond the Standard Model. We present numerical expressions which can be used to extract precise information on short-distance dynamics if a deviation from universality is observed in the data.
Minimally deformed anisotropic stars by gravitational decoupling in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Pradhan Anirudh , Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Banerjee Ayan , Nag Riju 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we develop a theoretical framework to study compact stars in Einstein gravity with the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) combination of quadratic curvature terms. We mainly analyzed the dependence of the physical properties of these compact stars on the Gauss–Bonnet coupling strength. This work is motivated by the relations that appear in the framework of the minimal geometric deformation approach to gravitational decoupling (MGD-decoupling), we establish an exact anisotropic version of the interior solution in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. In fact, we specify a particular form for gravitational potentials in the MGD approach that helps us to determine the decoupling sector completely and ensure regularity in interior space-time. The interior solutions have been (smoothly) joined with the Boulware–Deser exterior solution for 5D space-time. In particular, two different solutions have been reported which comply with the physically acceptable criteria: one is the mimic constraint for the pressure and the other approach is the mimic constraint for density. We present our solution both analytically and graphically in detail.
Observability of zero-angular-momentum sources near Kerr black holes
Authors: Yan Haopeng , Guo Minyong , Chen Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe revisit monochromatic and isotropic photon emissions from the zero-angular-momentum sources (ZAMSs) near a Kerr black hole. We investigate the escape probability of the photons that can reach to infinity and study the energy shifts of these escaping photons, which could be expressed as the functions of the source radius and the black hole spin. We study the cases for generic source radius and black hole spin, but we pay special attention to the near-horizon (near-)extremal Kerr ((near-)NHEK) cases. We reproduce the relevant numerical results using a more efficient method and get new analytical results for (near-)extremal cases. The main non-trivial results are: in the NHEK region of a (near-)extremal Kerr black hole, the escape probability for a ZAMS tends to $$\frac{7}{24}\approx 29.17\%$$

7
24

≈
29.17
%

, independent of the NHEK radius; at the innermost of the photon shell (IPS) in the near-NHEK region, the escape probability for a ZAMS tends to $$\begin{aligned} \frac{5}{12} -\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}} + \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}\pi }\arctan \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\approx 12.57\% . \end{aligned}$$

5
12

-

1

7

+

2

7

π

arctan

1

7

≈
12.57
%
.
A 2.4 GHz 87 μW low-noise amplifier in 65 nm CMOS for IoT applications
Authors: Wu Jingwei , Guo Benqing , Wang Huifen , Liu Haifeng , Li Lei , Zhou Wanting 
Published: September 2021

As the Bluetooth devices for the internet of things require extremely low-power dissipation to maintain longer battery life, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) as the main power-consuming part in the circuit needs more current-efficient topologies on power saving. This paper proposes a low-noise transconductance amplifier that combines the techniques of passive impendence transformation, [Formula: see text]-boosting technique, and current reuse, leading to a low power under the 1.2 V power supply. The transformer-based [Formula: see text]-boosted structure is applied in the four-transistor-stacked current-reuse topology leading to a [Formula: see text] power saving. The proposed LNA simulated in 65 nm CMOS shows the NF of 3.3 dB and the IIP3 of −8 dBm, respectively, while dissipating 87 [Formula: see text]W dc power. Compared to the previous low-power LNA, this design has fairly low-power consumption and low NF while other performance metrics remain competitive.
Research on Quantization Error Influence of Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antenna
Authors: Yang Haigen , Zhu Linqun , Xia Zhun , Chen Yanqing , Dai Luohao , Xu Ruotian , Chen YuanHao , Li Luyang , Sun GuiYing , Yu Hongyang , Xu Wenting 
Published: September 2021

The millimeter-wave phased array antenna is a higher integration system that is composed of different subarray modules, and in actual engineering, the existing amplitude, phase errors, and structural errors will change the performance of the array antenna. This paper studies the influence of the random amplitude and phase errors of the antenna array in the actual assembly process and the actual position errors between the subarrays on the electrical performance of the antenna. Based on the planar rectangular antenna array-electromagnetic coupling model, we propose a method of verifying the effect of random errors on the phased array antenna. The simulation result shows that the method could obtain the critical value of the error generated by the antenna subarray during processing and assembly. To reduce the error factor, it is necessary to ensure that the random phase and amplitude error should not exceed

10

°

,
0.5

dB

. The error in the X-direction during assembly should be

≤
0.05
λ

, and the error in the Y-direction should be

≤
0.1
λ

. When symmetrical deformation occurs, the maximum deformation should be less than

0.05
λ

.
Application of the Preoperative Assistant System Based on Machine Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection
Authors: Lv Shouyun , Li Shizong , Yu Zhiwei , Wang Kaiqiong , Qiao Xin , Gong Dongwei , Wu Changxiong 
Published: September 2021

To conduct better research in hepatocellular carcinoma resection, this paper used 3D machine learning and logistic regression algorithm to study the preoperative assistance of patients undergoing hepatectomy. In this study, the logistic regression model was analyzed to find the influencing factors for the survival and recurrence of patients. The clinical data of 50 HCC patients who underwent extensive hepatectomy (≥4 segments of the liver) admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to December 2020 were selected to calculate the liver volume, simulated surgical resection volume, residual liver volume, surgical margin, etc. The results showed that the simulated liver volume of 50 patients was 845.2 + 285.5 mL, and the actual liver volume of 50 patients was 826.3 ± 268.1 mL, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (t = 0.425;

P

> 0.05). Compared with the logistic regression model, the machine learning method has a better prediction effect, but the logistic regression model has better interpretability. The analysis of the relationship between the liver tumour and hepatic vessels in practical problems has specific clinical application value for accurately evaluating the volume of liver resection and surgical margin.
On Locating-Dominating Set of Regular Graphs
Authors: Abdul Gafur Anuwar Kadir , Saputro Suhadi Wido 
Published: September 2021

Let

G

be a simple, connected, and finite graph. For every vertex

v
∈
V

G

, we denote by

N

G

v

the set of neighbours of

v

in

G

. The locating-dominating number of a graph

G

is defined as the minimum cardinality of

W

⊆

V

G

such that every two distinct vertices

u
,
v
∈
V

G

\
W

satisfies

∅
≠

N

G

u

∩
W
≠

N

G

v

∩
W
≠
∅

. A graph

G

is called

k

-regular graph if every vertex of

G

is adjacent to

k

other vertices of

G

. In this paper, we determine the locating-dominating number of

k

-regular graph of order

n

, where

k
=
n
−
2

or

k
=
n
−
3

.