bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law Schools and Ethics of Democracy
Authors: Stambulski Michal 
Published: October 2021

Law Schools and Ethics of Democracy
Contemporary critical analyses of legal education indicate that legal education is undemocratic as it is based on a discipline that produces subjects who obey hierarchies, are free from the habit of criticism and are ready to self-sacrifice for promotion in the social hierarchy. At the same time, critical analyses offer the very passive vision of the law student as merely ‘being processed’ through the educational grinder. Paradoxically, in doing so they confirm the vision they criticize. This article argues that, by adopting a pragmatic philosophical perspective, it is possible to go beyond this one-sided picture. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in ‘practical’ attitudes in legal education. Socrates’ model of didactics, clinical education and moot courts are giving rise to institutionalized ideas as structural elements of legal education, owing to which a purely disciplinary pedagogy may be superseded. All these practices allow students to accept and confront the viewpoints of others. Education completed in harmony with these ideas promotes an active, critical member of community, who is ready to advance justified moral judgements, and as such is compliant with pragmatic ethics of democracy.
COVID-19 Pandemisi. Klinik, Tanı, Tedavi ve Korunma
Authors: ŞENYİĞİT Abdurrahman 
Published: October 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’nin sebep olduğu Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Aralık 2019’da Çinin Wuhan kentinde ilk defa bildirilmiş ve daha sonra tüm Dünyaya yayılmıştır. Salgın 11 Mart 2020’de pandemi olarak bildirilmiştir.
Hastalık infekte kişilerden veya asemtomatik taşıyıcılardan respiratuar damlacıklar yoluyla bulaşır. Hastalığın en iyi bilinen klinik semptomları ve laboratuar bulguları ateş, normal veya azalmış lökosit miktarları, kuru öksürük, pnömoni, diyare ve dispnedir, ancak esas ölüm sebebi sitokin fırtınasınca tetiklenen akut respiratuar distress sendromudur. COVID-19 hastalarında tipik BT bulguları akciğerlerin periferlerinde yerleşik ve multifokal bilateral yama tarzında buzlu camlar ve konsolidasyonlardır. SARS-CoV-2 RNA tespiti için RT-PCR testi COVID-19 tanısında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Efektif bir tedavinin olmaması vaka sayılarında yükseliş ile birlikte hastane yatış oranlarında artış ve palyatif tedavilerin kullanılmasına yol açmıştır.
Bu derlemede COVID-19’u önleme metotları, tanı ve tedavi algoritmaları, klinik ve laboratuar bulguları ve patogenezi kısaca özetlenmiştir.
Retinopathy of prematurity in the period 2015-2019 in a tertiary referral centre in Slovenia
Authors: Tekavčič Pompe Manca , Markelj Špela , Kornhauser Cerar Liljana 
Published: October 2021

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness among prematurely born children. The incidence of any stage of ROP in children born before the 31st gestational week in Europe and the USA is between 10-45%. The purpose of this study was to show characteristics of ROP between 2015 and 2019 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (NICU-Lj), which is the larger of the two tertiary referral centres in Slovenia and in which more than two thirds of Slovenian very low birth weight children are treated.
Methods: All prematurely born children screened for ROP at NICU-Lj between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. The following parameters were recorded: number of children screened, total number of exams, number of exams per child, number of children with ROP, ROP stages, number of children who needed ROP treatment and number of treatments per child treated.
Results: Between 2015 and 2019, 82-130 prematurely born children fulfilled ROP screening criteria each year. A total of 1,412 exams were performed over the period of five years (range: 239-386 per year). Every child had one or more ROP screening exams (range: 1-10). Extremely preterm children born before the 27th week of gestation had more exams (average: 5 exams/child) compared to other prematurely born children (average: 1.5 exams/child). The number of prematurely born children with any stage of ROP ranged from 17 to 30 per year. ROP of any stage was present in 18.75% (2015), in 17.7% (2016), in 23% (2017), in 29.3% (2018), and in 24.1% (2019). More than 70% of all babies with ROP were born before the 27th gestational week. The most mature baby with ROP was born with 29 6/7 weeks of gestational age. Every year, 15-35% of babies with ROP received laser treatment.
Conclusions: ROP is an important disease in prematurely born children. During the period 2015-2019, the incidence of any stage of ROP and of serious ROP requiring treatment was comparable. The screening and treatment of ROP requires intense cooperation between paediatric ophthalmologists and neonatologists in order to prevent blindness in prematurely born children.
Socio-environmental Factors as Determinants of Emotional Well-being of Adolescents in Foster Homes in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: A. Oluwamotemi Christiana , E. Olajide Olumide , R. Edoni Elizabeth , Emma Ukoha Chidinma , L. Adelekan Ademola 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The study explored the socio-environmental factors as determinants of the emotional well-being of adolescents in foster homes in southwestern Nigeria.
Study Design: A descriptive survey research of ex-post-facto type was employed.
Place and Duration of Study: Foster homes in six states in southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: multi-stage sampling was used in selecting 555 respondents for this study and the data collection was done using a semi-structured questionnaire and data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study revealed that peer influence, academic performance and attitude of the foster family were significant to emotional wellbeing. All the components of social factors correlated with the emotional well-being of the fostered adolescents show that appropriate schooling and educational services can strengthen them and are more likely to view their schools as a supportive and safe haven. Therefore, peers, the foster family and the foster adolescents’ exposure to academics either directly or indirectly affects their emotional well-being. It also showed that the majority (54.1%) accepted that they can count on their carers to help them when the need arises. It is also revealed that the foster family attitude is an adolescent’s source of emotional support and their psychological well-being which may increase self-esteem in the fostered adolescents. This study revealed that 44.3% of the respondents confirmed that they always get along well with their carers.
Conclusion: Adolescents in foster care face multiple threats to their healthy development, including poor physical health, attachment disorders, compromised brain functioning, inadequate and emotional skills
UM PRANTO UTÓPICO: TRAVESSIAS DE UM INFANTIL ALIENANTE
Authors: Medeiros Marcos Pippi de , Sousa Edson Luiz André de 
Published: October 2021

Através deste ensaio, procuramos discutir a noção de “infantil”, abordando tanto sua constituição, como sua alienação fundante enquanto consciência ou interioridade. A leitura do livro “História do Pranto”, de Alan Pauls, serviu como dispositivo a partir do qual procuramos analisar os mecanismos anestésicos da experiência no contemporâneo, em que essa dimensão do infantil está “forcluída”, como também, suas possíveis consequências para nossa inclinação ao sonho utópico, o deixando a mercê de aderências ou colagens com esses ideais anestésicos, mas também, apostando no infantil que desde as formulações freudianas, se apresenta como fator de resistência, através da potência poética que constitui sua utopia. Palavras-Chave: Infantil, alienação, contemporâneo, utopia, psicanálise.
ENTRE PRÍAPO E DIONISO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A MASCULINIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Luciano Lima , Fontenele Laéria 
Published: October 2021

No caminho até a masculinidade o menino deve ultrapassar a posição feminina em relação ao pai, que implica a castração como premissa. O recalque dessa posição desejante retorna na cultura pelo ódio às mulheres e a todo sujeito suposto encarnar o feminino. O avanço deste último na cultura, junto com o declínio dos referentes patriarcais constituem para os homens uma ameaça à masculinidade. Um dilema se insinua: recorrer a Príapo, deus itifálico, ou aproximar-se de Dioniso, isto é, do feminino. Este artigo discute essas duas posições à luz da psicanálise e do teatro grego, sobretudo da figura de Héracles, herói símbolo da hipermasculinidade Palavras-Chave: Psicanálise; Masculinidade; Feminilidade; Príapus; Dionísio.
TUDO MUDA: UMA LEITURA DO CONTÁGIO PELA LINGUAGEM NO FILME "PONTYPOOL" ATRAVÉS DA CONCEPÇÃO FREUDIANA SOBRE AS AFASIAS
Authors: Miasato Felipe Akira 
Published: October 2021

Na busca tradicional pela articulação entre cinema e psicanálise, o filme Pontypool é utilizado neste ensaio teórico como interlocutor entre a monografia de Freud sobre a concepção das afasias, de 1891, e a epidemia causada por uma infecção disseminada através da linguagem, ilustrada pelo filme. As ideias de Freud sobre os distúrbios da linguagem, especialmente sobre sua construção do aparelho de linguagem (Sprachapparat), são utilizadas para refletir e interpretar sobre o possível mecanismo pelo qual se dá a infecção fictícia que atinge os moradores de Pontypool. O contágio pela palavra, através de uma involução do aparelho de linguagem que anula sua função de significação, bem como a possível cura pela palavra, nos remetem à uma relação íntima com a psicanálise, ao resgatar um texto freudiano por vezes esquecido.
Cross‐Linked Poly‐4‐Acrylomorpholine: A Flexible and Reversibly Compressible Aligning Gel for Anisotropic NMR Analysis of Peptides and Small Molecules in Water
Authors: Farley Kathleen A. , Koos Martin R. M. , Che Ye , Horst Reto , Limberakis Chris , Bellenger Justin , Lira Ricardo , Gil‐Silva Leandro F. , Gil Roberto R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDetermination of the solution conformation of both small organic molecules and peptides in water remains a substantial hurdle in using NMR solution conformations to guide drug design due to the lack of easy to use alignment media. Herein we report the design of a flexible compressible chemically cross‐linked poly‐4‐acrylomorpholine gel that can be used for the alignment of both small molecules and cyclic peptides in water. To test the new gel, residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and J‐coupling constants were used in the configurational analysis of strychnine hydrochloride, a molecule that has been studied extensively in organic solvents as well as a small cyclic peptide that is known to form an α‐helix in water. The conformational ensembles for each molecule with the best fit to the data are reported. Identification of minor conformers in water that cannot easily be determined by conventional NOE measurements will facilitate the use of RDC experiments in structure‐based drug design.
Stereochemical Control via Chirality Pairing: Stereodivergent Syntheses of Enantioenriched Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Gao Shang , Duan Meng , Liu Jiaming , Yu Peiyuan , Houk Kendall N. , Chen Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report herein the development of stereodivergent syntheses of enantioenriched homoallylic alcohols using chiral nonracemic α‐CH2Bpin‐substituted crotylboronate. Chiral phosphoric acid (S)‐A‐catalyzed asymmetric allyl addition with the reagent gave Z‐anti‐homoallylic alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities and Z‐selectivities. When the enantiomeric acid catalyst (R)‐A was utilized, the stereoselectivity was completely reversed and E‐anti‐homoallylic alcohols were obtained with high E‐selectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. By pairing the chirality of the boron reagent with the catalyst, two complementary stereoisomers of chiral homoallylic alcohols can be obtained selectively from the same boron reagent. DFT computational studies were conducted to probe the origins of the observed stereoselectivity. These reactions generate highly enantioenriched homoallylic alcohol products that are valuable for rapid construction of polyketide structural frameworks.
Possible points of compression of the ulnar nerve: Tricks and traps that await clinicians from an anatomical point of view
Authors: Węgiel Andrzej , Zielinska Nicol , Tubbs Richard Shane , Olewnik Łukasz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ulnar nerve can be subject to numerous types of compression. The most common are cubital tunnel and ulnar tunnel syndromes, but there are many others with more uncommon etiologies. The existence of additional communicating branches, median nerve involvement, various types of injuries, and unusual anatomical variations can be a challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. This review presents a comprehensive depiction of ulnar nerve entrapment syndromes with particular reference to their anatomical background, risk factors, and clinical evaluation. Even common disorders can result from atypical morphological changes. It is important to be familiar with them as it is a key ability in daily medical practice.
A Radical Addition/Cyclization and Se‐Group Transfer Strategy for the Facile Synthesis of Se‐Containing Cyclopentenes under Metal‐Free and Peroxide‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Dian‐Liang , Jiang Nan‐Quan , Cai Zhong‐Jian , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel intermolecular radical addition/cyclization and Se‐group transfer reaction of terminal alkynes and unsaturated alkyl selenide is presented which offers a straightforward and facile approach for the synthesis of valuable Se‐containing cyclopentenes. Remarkable features of this strategy include easily accessible starting materials, metal‐free and peroxide‐free conditions, high atom economy, simple operation and broad substrate scope. More importantly, the reaction is easy to scale up and can be extended to the construction of six‐membered carbon ring.
The Chemical Bond: When Atom Size Instead of Electronegativity Difference Determines Trend in Bond Strength
Authors: Blokker Eva , Sun Xiaobo , Poater Jordi , van der Schuur J. Martijn , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have quantum chemically analyzed element−element bonds of archetypal HnX−YHnmolecules (X, Y=C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, Br, I), using density functional theory. One purpose is to obtain a set of consistent homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDE) for establishing accurate trends across the periodic table. The main objective is to elucidate the underlying physical factors behind these chemical bonding trends. On one hand, we confirm that, along a period (e. g., from C−C to C−F), bonds strengthen because the electronegativity difference across the bond increases. But, down a period, our findings constitute a paradigm shift. From C−F to C−I, for example, bonds do become weaker, however, not because of the decreasing electronegativity difference. Instead, we show that the effective atom size (via steric Pauli repulsion) is the causal factor behind bond weakening in this series, and behind the weakening in orbital interactions at the equilibrium distance. We discuss the actual bonding mechanism and the importance of analyzing this mechanism as a function of the bond distance.
Chiral separation materials based on derivatives of 6‐amino‐6‐deoxyamylose
Authors: Gao Ya‐Ya , Zhang Yu‐Hang , Zhang Shan , Chen Wei , Bai Zheng‐Wu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to develop new type of chiral separation materials, in this study, 6‐amino‐6‐deoxyamylose was used as chiral starting material with which 10 derivatives were synthesized. The amino group in 6‐amino‐6‐deoxyamylose was selectively acylated and then the hydroxyl groups were carbamoylated yielding amylose 6‐amido‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(phenylcarbamate)s, which were employed as chiral selectors (CSs) for chiral stationary phases of high‐performance liquid chromatography. The resulted 6‐amido‐6‐deoxyamyloses and amylose 6‐amido‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(phenylcarbamate)s were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Enantioseparation evaluations indicated that most of the CSs demonstrated a moderate chiral recognition capability. The 6‐nonphenyl (6‐nonPh) CS of amylose 6‐cyclohexylformamido‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) showed the highest enantioselectivity towards the tested chiral analytes; the phenyl‐heterogeneous (Ph‐hetero) CS of amylose 6‐(4‐methylbenzamido)‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) baseline separated the most chiral analytes; the phenyl‐homogeneous (Ph‐homo) CS of amylose 6‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzamido)‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) also exhibited a good enantioseparation capability among the developed CSs. Regarding Ph‐hetero CSs, the enantioselectivity depended on the combination of the substituent at 6‐position and that at 2‐ and 3‐positions; as for Ph‐homo CSs, the enantioselectivity was related to the substituent at 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐positions; with respect to 6‐nonPh CSs, the retention factor of most analytes on the corresponding CSPs was lower than that on Ph‐hetero and Ph‐homo CSPs in the same mobile phases, indicating π–π interactions did occur during enantioseparation. Although the substituent at 6‐position could not provide π–π interactions, the 6‐nonPh CSs demonstrated an equivalent or even higher enantioselectivity compared with the Ph‐homo and Ph‐hetero CSs.
Clinician's commentary: Atypical peritoneal cytology in ovarian and endometrial cancers
Authors: Beavis Anna L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeritoneal cytology results play an important role in staging, prognostication, and treatment recommendations in early‐stage ovarian cancer. In endometrial cancer, while no longer part of staging criteria, peritoneal cytology results can influence patient‐provider shared‐decision making regarding adjuvant therapy choices after definitive surgery. We explore two cases demonstrating the impact uncertain cytology can have on patients and providers in these two gynecologic cancers.
IL2‐inducible T‐cell kinase inhibitor ibrutinib reduces symptoms and Th2 differentiation in mouse allergic‐rhinitis model
Authors: Xu Bing , Liu Xiaozhe , Gao Shihao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTh2 and Th17 immune response contribute to allergic rhinitis (AR) development. Targeting Th2 and Th17 response has been shown to ameliorate AR. Ibrutinib is an inhibitor for IL2‐inducible T‐cell kinase, which can promote Th2 and Th17 immune response. We sought to investigate the effect of ibrutinib on AR and the underlying mechanisms. We established house dust mite‐induced AR mouse model and treated AR mice with ibrutinib. The symptoms of AR, serum level of immunoglobulin E, percentage of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg in nasal lymphoid tissues were monitored. We also established in vitro T cell differentiation cell culture model. The T cells were treated with ibrutinib and the expression of specific transcriptional factors and cytokines was measured. The activation of PLC‐γ1/calcium/NFAT2 signaling pathway was detected. Ibrutinib treatment had no effects on the development of lymphocytes and myeloid cells, but alleviated AR symptoms and decreased Th2 cell population in nasal lymphoid tissue. Meanwhile, iburitnib suppressed Th2 and Th17 differentiation in vitro. Moreover, iburitnib prevented phosphorylation of PLC‐γ1and nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in Th2 cells. Our results suggested that ibrutinib could ameliorate AR symptoms through suppression of Th2 differentiation in AR mouse model.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sigrist Michel , Dydio Paweł 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydroformylation of alkenes and alkynes with syngas represents a method of choice to furnish valuable aldehydes with the 100 % atom‐economy from readily available building blocks. The field is dominated by Rh‐ and Co‐catalysis; however, complexes of many other metals were also shown to be catalytically competent. Here we review the studies of hydroformylation under Pd‐catalysis, starting from the seminal reports up to the most recent examples. Special emphasis is paid to the unique regio‐ and chemoselectivities of Pd‐based methods, which are difficult to achieve with the conventional hydroformylation protocols. Different mechanistic proposals are presented along with a summary of their experimental and computational support. Finally, the user‐friendly methods using surrogates of syngas are discussed as well. Overall, the Minireview aims to present unique opportunities and remaining challenges of Pd‐catalyzed hydroformylation reactions for their prospective applications in fine‐chemical synthesis.
The effect of serial day on the measurement of positivity and emotional complexity in diary studies
Authors: Ganzach Yoav , Bulmash Ben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of a diary's serial day (the number of days from the beginning of the study) on participants’ (n = 2022) reports about positive and negative affect (NA). We find that (1) the number of reported positive events and the number of reported negative events decrease with serial day; (2) positivity increases with serial day: Reported Positive Affect (PA) increases, and reported NA decreases; (3) emotional complexity—the tendency to differentiate between various types of emotions—decreases with serial day, both within and between affective dimensions. We attribute these effects to decrease in the effort exerted by participants in answering the diary questions, and suggest that these effects are consistent with the distinction between experienced and reported emotions and with a heuristic and biases perspective in which when effort decreases reported emotions regress to an easier‐to‐generate default response.
Characterization of (paleo)lacustrine landforms using sedimentological and portable OSL investigations at Schweriner See, north‐eastern Germany
Authors: Adolph Marie‐Luise , Lampe Reinhard , Lorenz Sebastian , Haberzettl Torsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated four subaerial (paleo)lacustrine landforms at the north‐eastern shoreline of Schweriner See, north‐eastern Germany. These included two beach ridges, one subaerial nearshore bar and a silting up sequence located close to a fossil cliff, which marks the former maximum extent of Schweriner See. We used luminescence profiling with a SUERC portable OSL device (POSL) on all four sediment sequences in combination with sedimentological investigations such as grain size, loss‐on‐ignition and magnetic susceptibility to provide information on the various formations in a lacustrine depositional environment. The POSL reader was used on pre‐treated polymineral samples to gain an insight into luminescence distribution within the individual sediment sequences, but also among the four sequences. POSL proved valuable to understand depositional processes, which were not visible in lithology or sedimentological parameters. With somewhat larger uncertainty this method provides relative chronologies of the sediment sequences. Additionally, we carried out radiocarbon dating and full optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to establish a chronological framework. OSL ages proved to be more reliable to date beach ridges in this setting than radiocarbon samples, which were severely influenced by sediment reworking. This combined approach of sedimentological analyses, luminescence profiling and absolute age determinations revealed details in depositional processes at Schweriner See which otherwise would have remained undetected. Furthermore, it helped to set these subaerial (paleo)lacustrine landforms in a chronological framework.