bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiviral activity of silymarin and baicalein against dengue virus
Authors: Low Zhao Xuan , OuYong Brian Ming , Hassandarvish Pouya , Poh Chit Laa , Ramanathan Babu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease that has become endemic and a global threat in many countries with no effective antiviral drug available currently. This study showed that flavonoids: silymarin and baicalein could inhibit the dengue virus in vitro and were well tolerated in Vero cells with a half-maximum cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 749.70 µg/mL and 271.03 µg/mL, respectively. Silymarin and baicalein exerted virucidal effects against DENV-3, with a selective index (SI) of 10.87 and 21.34, respectively. Baicalein showed a better inhibition of intracellular DENV-3 progeny with a SI of 7.82 compared to silymarin. Baicalein effectively blocked DENV-3 attachment (95.59%) to the Vero cells, while silymarin prevented the viral entry (72.46%) into the cells, thus reducing viral infectivity. Both flavonoids showed promising antiviral activity against all four dengue serotypes. The in silico molecular docking showed that silymarin could bind to the viral envelope (E) protein with a binding affinity of − 8.5 kcal/mol and form hydrogen bonds with the amino acids GLN120, TRP229, ASN89, and THR223 of the E protein. Overall, this study showed that silymarin and baicalein exhibited potential anti-DENV activity and could serve as promising antiviral agents for further development against dengue infection.
Contrasting response of hydrological cycle over land and ocean to a changing CO2 pathway
Authors: Yeh Sang-Wook , Song Se-Yong , Allan Richard P. , An Soon-Il , Shin Jongsoo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hydrological cycle has a significant impact on human activities and ecosystems, so understanding its mechanisms with respect to a changing climate is essential. In particular, a more detailed understanding of hydrological cycle response to transient climate change is required for successful adaptation and mitigation policies. In this study, we exploit large ensemble model experiments using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 (CESM1) in which CO2 concentrations increase steadily and then decrease along the same path. Our results show that precipitation changes in the CO2 increasing and decreasing phases are nearly symmetrical over land but asymmetric over oceans. After CO2 concentrations peak, the ocean continues to uptake heat from the atmosphere, which is a key process leading the hydrological cycle’s contrasting response over land and ocean. The symmetrical hydrological cycle response over land involves a complex interplay between rapid responses to CO2 and slower responses to ensuing warming. Therefore, the surface energy constraints lead to the contrasting hydrological response over land and ocean to CO2 forcing that needs to be verified and considered in climate change mitigation and adaption actions.
An oceanic pathway for Madden–Julian Oscillation influence on Maritime Continent Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Balaguru Karthik , Leung L. Ruby , Hagos Samson M. , Krishnakumar Sujith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been shown to affect tropical cyclones (TCs) worldwide through its modulation of large-scale circulation in the atmosphere, little or no role for the ocean has been identified to date in this influence of MJO on TCs. Using observations and numerical model simulations, we demonstrate that MJO events substantially impact TCs over the Maritime Continent (MC) region through an oceanic pathway. While propagating across the MC region, MJO events cause significant sea surface cooling with an area-averaged value of about 0.35 ± 0.12 °C. Hence, TCs over the MC region immediately following the passage of MJO events encounter considerably cooler sea surface temperatures. Consequently, the enthalpy fluxes under the storms are reduced and the intensification rates decrease by more than 50% on average. These results highlight an important role played by the ocean in facilitating MJO-induced sub-seasonal variability in TC activity over the MC region.
Molecular differences between lymph nodes and distant metastases compared with primaries in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Puccini Alberto , Seeber Andreas , Xiu Joanne , Goldberg Richard M. , Soldato Davide , Grothey Axel , Shields Anthony F. , Salem Mohamed E. , Battaglin Francesca , Berger Martin D. , El-Deiry Wafik S. , Tokunaga Ryuma , Naseem Madiha , Zhang Wu , Arora Sukeshi Patel , Khushman Moh’d M. , Hall Michael J. , Philip Philip A. , Marshall John L. , Korn W. Michael , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLymph nodes (LNs) and distant metastases can arise from independent subclones of the primary tumor. Herein, we characterized the molecular landscape and the differences between LNs, distant metastases and primary colorectal cancers (CRCs). Samples were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS, MiSeq on 47 genes, NextSeq on 592 genes) and immunohistochemistry. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated based on somatic nonsynonymous missense mutations, and microsatellite instability (MSI) was evaluated by NGS of known MSI loci. In total, 11,871 samples were examined, comprising primaries (N = 5862), distant (N = 5605) and LNs metastases (N = 404). The most frequently mutated genes in LNs were TP53 (72%), APC (61%), KRAS (39%), ARID1A (20%), PIK3CA (12%). LNs showed a higher mean TMB (13 mut/MB) vs distant metastases (9 mut/MB, p < 0.0001). TMB-high (≥17mut/MB) and MSI-H (8.8% and 6.9% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively) classifications were more frequent in primaries and LNs vs distant metastases (9.5% and 8.8% vs 4.2%, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). TMB-high is significantly more common in LNs vs distant metastases and primaries (P < 0.0001), regardless MSI-H status. Overall, LNs showed significantly different rates of mutations in APC, KRAS, PI3KCA, KDM6A, and BRIP1 (p < 0.01) vs primaries, while presenting a distinct molecular profile compared to distant metastases. Our cohort of 30 paired samples confirmed the molecular heterogeneity between primaries, LNs, and distant metastases. Our data support the hypothesis that lymphatic and distant metastases harbor different mutational landscape. Our findings are hypothesis generating and need to be examined in prospective studies.
Clinical knowledge extraction via sparse embedding regression (KESER) with multi-center large scale electronic health record data
Authors: Hong Chuan , Rush Everett , Liu Molei , Zhou Doudou , Sun Jiehuan , Sonabend Aaron , Castro Victor M. , Schubert Petra , Panickan Vidul A. , Cai Tianrun , Costa Lauren , He Zeling , Link Nicholas , Hauser Ronald , Gaziano J. Michael , Murphy Shawn N. , Ostrouchov George , Ho Yuk-Lam , Begoli Edmon , Lu Junwei , Cho Kelly , Liao Katherine P. , Cai Tianxi ,   VA Million Veteran Program
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increasing availability of electronic health record (EHR) systems has created enormous potential for translational research. However, it is difficult to know all the relevant codes related to a phenotype due to the large number of codes available. Traditional data mining approaches often require the use of patient-level data, which hinders the ability to share data across institutions. In this project, we demonstrate that multi-center large-scale code embeddings can be used to efficiently identify relevant features related to a disease of interest. We constructed large-scale code embeddings for a wide range of codified concepts from EHRs from two large medical centers. We developed knowledge extraction via sparse embedding regression (KESER) for feature selection and integrative network analysis. We evaluated the quality of the code embeddings and assessed the performance of KESER in feature selection for eight diseases. Besides, we developed an integrated clinical knowledge map combining embedding data from both institutions. The features selected by KESER were comprehensive compared to lists of codified data generated by domain experts. Features identified via KESER resulted in comparable performance to those built upon features selected manually or with patient-level data. The knowledge map created using an integrative analysis identified disease-disease and disease-drug pairs more accurately compared to those identified using single institution data. Analysis of code embeddings via KESER can effectively reveal clinical knowledge and infer relatedness among codified concepts. KESER bypasses the need for patient-level data in individual analyses providing a significant advance in enabling multi-center studies using EHR data.
Characterizing the breast cancer lipidome and its interaction with the tissue microbiota
Authors: Giallourou Natasa , Urbaniak Camilla , Puebla-Barragan Scarlett , Vorkas Panagiotis A. , Swann Jonathan R. , Reid Gregor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer amongst women worldwide. We have previously shown that there is a breast microbiota which differs between women who have breast cancer and those who are disease-free. To better understand the local biochemical perturbations occurring with disease and the potential contribution of the breast microbiome, lipid profiling was performed on non-tumor breast tissue collected from 19 healthy women and 42 with breast cancer. Here we identified unique lipid signatures between the two groups with greater amounts of lysophosphatidylcholines and oxidized cholesteryl esters in the tissue from women with breast cancer and lower amounts of ceramides, diacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines. By integrating these lipid signatures with the breast bacterial profiles, we observed that Gammaproteobacteria and those from the class Bacillus, were negatively correlated with ceramides, lipids with antiproliferative properties. In the healthy tissues, diacylglyerols were positively associated with Acinetobacter, Lactococcus, Corynebacterium, Prevotella and Streptococcus. These bacterial groups were found to possess the genetic potential to synthesize these lipids. The cause-effect relationships of these observations and their contribution to disease patho-mechanisms warrants further investigation for a disease afflicting millions of women around the world.
Functional antibody and T cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study
Authors: Fendler Annika , Au Lewis , Shepherd Scott T. C. , Byrne Fiona , Cerrone Maddalena , Boos Laura Amanda , Rzeniewicz Karolina , Gordon William , Shum Benjamin , Gerard Camille L. , Ward Barry , Xie Wenyi , Schmitt Andreas M. , Joharatnam-Hogan Nalinie , Cornish Georgina H. , Pule Martin , Mekkaoui Leila , Ng Kevin W. , Carlyle Eleanor , Edmonds Kim , Rosario Lyra Del , Sarker Sarah , Lingard Karla , Mangwende Mary , Holt Lucy , Ahmod Hamid , Stone Richard , Gomes Camila , Flynn Helen R. , Agua-Doce Ana , Hobson Philip , Caidan Simon , Howell Michael , Wu Mary , Goldstone Robert , Crawford Margaret , Cubitt Laura , Patel Harshil , Gavrielides Mike , Nye Emma , Snijders Ambrosius P. , MacRae James I. , Nicod Jerome , Gronthoud Firza , Shea Robyn L. , Messiou Christina , Cunningham David , Chau Ian , Starling Naureen , Turner Nicholas , Welsh Liam , van As Nicholas , Jones Robin L. , Droney Joanne , Banerjee Susana , Tatham Kate C. , Jhanji Shaman , O’Brien Mary , Curtis Olivia , Harrington Kevin , Bhide Shreerang , Bazin Jessica , Robinson Anna , Stephenson Clemency , Slattery Tim , Khan Yasir , Tippu Zayd , Leslie Isla , Gennatas Spyridon , Okines Alicia , Reid Alison , Young Kate , Furness Andrew J. S. , Pickering Lisa , Gandhi Sonia , Gamblin Steve , Swanton Charles ,   The Crick COVID-19 Consortium, Nicholson Emma , Kumar Sacheen , Yousaf Nadia , Wilkinson Katalin A. , Swerdlow Anthony , Harvey Ruth , Kassiotis George , Larkin James , Wilkinson Robert J. , Turajlic Samra ,   The CAPTURE consortium
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatients with cancer have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here we present the prospective CAPTURE study, integrating longitudinal immune profiling with clinical annotation. Of 357 patients with cancer, 118 were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 94 were symptomatic and 2 died of COVID-19. In this cohort, 83% patients had S1-reactive antibodies and 82% had neutralizing antibodies against wild type SARS-CoV-2, whereas neutralizing antibody titers against the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were substantially reduced. S1-reactive antibody levels decreased in 13% of patients, whereas neutralizing antibody titers remained stable for up to 329 days. Patients also had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and CD4+ responses correlating with S1-reactive antibody levels, although patients with hematological malignancies had impaired immune responses that were disease and treatment specific, but presented compensatory cellular responses, further supported by clinical recovery in all but one patient. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of the nature and duration of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer.
Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide–zinc complex modulates the immune response and alleviates LPS-induced intestinal inflammation via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Duan Xinyi , Wassie Teketay , Wang Hai-hua , Li Tiejun , Xie Chunyan , Wu Xin 
Published: October 2021

Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide–zinc (EP–Zn), a kind of polysaccharide–zinc complex, exerted immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities under physiological and inflammatory conditions, respectively.
The Impact of Fish Oil Supplementation on Self-Perception of the Voice in Vocal Performers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Perrine Brittany L. , Monzón Kimberly , Weber Lauren M. , Funderburk LesLee K. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Physically active adults have experienced training benefits from fish oil–derived omega-3 fatty acid (FO n3), which may also be of benefit to singers. The purpose of this research study was to determine if self-reported vocal adaptations and body composition changes occur in singers following FO n3 supplementation in conjunction with a singer's normal training regimen.

Method:
Twenty college students, currently enrolled in vocal lessons at a university, were randomized to receive either 3.0 g of FO n3 or placebo, which they took during a 10-week study period. Participants were blinded to group assignment. Participants completed the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Singing Voice Handicap Index-10 (SVHI-10), and the Evaluation of Ability to Sing Easily (EASE) and submitted to body composition measures (weight, skeletal mass, and body fat mass) before and after the study period.

Results:
Sixteen participants completed all parts of the study protocol. Mean compliance for the placebo group (83.9%) and the supplement group (75.2%) was similar. There were no significant differences in body composition measures, RSI scores, and EASE scores between groups. Scores on the SVHI-10 decreased significantly over time for all participants.

Conclusions:
Improvements seen in the SVHI-10 were not meaningfully different between the supplement and placebo group, pointing to the benefit of weekly lessons. The lack of changes in the questionnaire scores in the supplement group are partially attributed to the low compliance rate and low sample size, which is supported by the lack of change in the body composition measures.
Radiation-hydrodynamics with MPI-AMRVAC
Authors: Moens N. , Sundqvist J. O. , El Mellah I. , Poniatowski L. , Teunissen J. , Keppens R. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Radiation controls the dynamics and energetics of many astrophysical environments. To capture the coupling between the radiation and matter, however, is often a physically complex and computationally expensive endeavor.
Aims. We sought to develop a numerical tool to perform radiation-hydrodynamics simulations in various configurations at an affordable cost.
Methods. We built upon the finite volume code MPI-AMRVAC to solve the equations of hydrodynamics on multi-dimensional adaptive meshes and introduce a new module to handle the coupling with radiation. A non-equilibrium, flux-limiting diffusion approximation was used to close the radiation momentum and energy equations. The time-dependent radiation energy equation was then solved within a flexible framework, fully accounting for radiation forces and work terms and further allowing the user to adopt a variety of descriptions for the radiation-matter interaction terms (“opacities”).
Results. We validated the radiation module on a set of standard test cases for which different terms of the radiative energy equation predominate. As a preliminary application to a scientific case, we calculated spherically symmetric models of the radiation-driven and optically thick supersonic outflows from massive Wolf-Rayet stars. This also demonstrates our code’s flexibility, as the illustrated simulation combines opacities typically used in static stellar structure models with a parametrized form for the enhanced line-opacity expected in supersonic flows.
Conclusions. This new module provides a convenient and versatile tool for performing multi-dimensional and high-resolution radiative-hydrodynamics simulations in optically thick environments with the MPI-AMRVAC code. The code is ready to be used for a variety of astrophysical applications, where our first target is set to be multi-dimensional simulations of stellar outflows from Wolf-Rayet stars.
Perioperative Ketoazidose unter SGLT2-Hemmer
Authors: Buck Sandra , Russo Sebastian G. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungSGLT2-Inhibitoren stellen eine relativ neue Substanzklasse zur Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus dar. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer seltenen, aber gravierenden Nebenwirkung – der euglykämischen Ketoazidose – sollten Anästhesisten mit den pharmakologischen Eigenschaften und dem Risikoprofil der Substanz vertraut sein. Dieser Fall beschreibt exemplarisch den perioperativen Verlauf einer atypischen Ketoazidose unter Therapie mit SGLT2i.
Tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen bei Intensivpatienten mit
COVID-19-Infektion – Einfluss eines standardisierten
Therapieregimes
Authors: Goßlau Yvonne , Warm Tobias Dominik , Hernandez Cancino Edgar Franklin , Braun Georg , Spring Oliver , Zerwes Sebastian , Hyhlik-Dürr Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung Die erhöhte Inzidenz tiefer
Beinvenenthrombosen (TVT) bei Intensivpatienten mit COVID-19-Infektion ist
mehrfach beschrieben worden. Kann das Thromboserisiko bei diesen Patienten durch
standardisierte Systemtherapie gesenkt werden?
Material und Methoden Nach Etablierung eines Therapiestandards mit
Vollantikoagulation, Gabe von Dexamethason und Rekonvaleszentenplasma wurden 20
Patienten mit COVID-19-Pneumonie auf das Vorliegen einer TVT mittels
Kompressionssonografie gescreent. Als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 20
COVID-Infizierte mit noch uneinheitlicher Therapie, die wir während der 1.
Erkrankungswelle auf das Vorliegen einer Thrombose untersucht haben.
Ergebnisse In der aktuellen Studienpopulation mit standardisiertem
Therapieregime konnten wir keine Thrombose detektieren, wohingegen im
COVID-Kollektiv unserer Voruntersuchung 20% der Erkrankten (n=4) eine TVT
entwickelten. Lungenembolien traten in beiden Gruppen auf; 1 in der 1., 2 in der
2. Kohorte.
Diskussion Durch Vollantikoagulation, Steroidgabe und Verabreichen von
Rekonvaleszentenplasma konnte das TVT-Risiko gesenkt werden. Die dezidierte
Bedeutung der einzelnen Komponenten ist nicht geklärt. Da Blutungen bei
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion bisher nur selten beobachtet wurden, scheint eine
großzügige Indikation zur Antikoagulation gerechtfertigt.
The Unified Visual Function Scale Assessments Show Inter- and Intraobserver Agreement and Correlate with Patient Quality of Life in Skull Base Parasellar Tumors
Authors: Ye Vincent , Makarenko Serge , Gooderham Peter A. , Akagami Ryojo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction The authors have previously described the Unified Visual Function Scale (UVFS). Here, we assessed intra- and interobserver reliability of the scale, and investigated correlations with patient quality of life (QoL).
Methods Eight healthcare practitioners independently applied the UVFS in 20 representative cases from our parasellar meningioma series. Scoring was compared with consensus grades assigned by lead authors. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was measured using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Fleiss's κ, and Cohen's κ, respectively. Patient QoL was assessed Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (VFQ-25) or Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS), and correlated with UVFS grades for each eye.
Results The interobserver ICC was 0.734 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.652–0.811), with Fleiss's κ of 0.758, 0.691, and 0.899 for grades A, B, and C, respectively. The intraobserver ICC was 0.758 (95% CI: 0.638–0.872), and Fleiss's κ was 0.604, 0.268, and 0.910 for grades A, B, and C respectively. The Cohen's κ for agreement between UVFS category grades and consensus grades was 0.816 (95 CI: 0.698–0.934). Survey response rate was 51% (27/53). The UVFS demonstrated strong correlation with VFQ-25 subdivisions general vision (r = 0.7712), near activities (r = 0.7262), peripheral vision (r = 0.6722), and driving (r = 0.6608), and also demonstrated strong correlation with the overall ADVS score (r = 0.5902).
Conclusion This study shows that the UVFS is valid within a small subset of observers, and accurately reflects patient QoL. It is robust and practical, which make it suitable for broad implementation.
Surgical Outcome of Giant Vestibular Schwannomas: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Refaat Mohamed I. , Abdallah Omar Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Giant vestibular schwannomas, more than 4.5 cm in diameter, are still representing the majority of vestibular schwannomas in developing countries. The philosophy of incomplete and intracapsular tumor excision has been introduced in the management of these giant tumors, balancing the long-term tumor control and postoperative clinical outcome.
Objective The aim was to review the cases with giant vestibular schwannomas and studying their prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates.
Patients and Methods This study was conducted retrospectively on data of patients who had undergone microsurgical excision of vestibular schwannomas in our institute between January and December 2017. The functional outcome of the patients was assessed by comparing the preoperative and the postoperative neurological examination, as well as the Karnofsky performance score.
Results Twenty-two cases with vestibular schwannomas were included in this study. Among these 22 cases, 15 cases had giant vestibular schwannomas (68.2%). The tumors’ largest extracanalicular diameters ranged from 4.5 cm to 6.2 cm. Postoperative images showed gross total excision of the tumor in 11 cases (73.3%), and subtotal excisions in four cases (26.7%). Twelve cases (80%) had postoperative facial palsy. We encountered no mortality in our cases and three cases (20%) were symptom-free postoperatively (apart from hearing affection).
Conclusion Large and giant vestibular schwannomas are still commonly met in neurosurgical practice in developing countries; they have different behaviors and presentations from those of smaller tumors. Both patient and surgeon expectations from surgery should be toward no mortality and mild or no morbidities.