bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic cough is associated with increased reporting of autonomic symptoms
Authors: Dockry Rachel J. , Farrelly Carmen L. , Mitchell Joanne , Corfield Douglas R. , Smith Jaclyn A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPatients with some neuronal hypersensitivity syndromes experience increased autonomic symptoms. Chronic cough is thought to be a neuronal hypersensitivity disorder and, therefore, may be associated with increased autonomic symptoms.Methods96 chronic cough subjects were recruited from the tertiary cough clinic based at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK; 76 healthy controls were also recruited. Subjects were aged >18 years. Those with significant respiratory disease, significant smoking history or taking medication known to affect cough or autonomic function were excluded. Subjects completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS) 31 autonomic symptom questionnaire, the Cough Quality of Life Questionnaire (CQLQ) and a cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS).Results96 chronic cough subjects and 76 healthy volunteers were included in the final analysis. Mann–Whitney U-tests comparing COMPASS 31 scores in both groups showed that the total COMPASS 31 score was significantly higher in the patient group (median 18.4, interquartile range (IQR) 7.5–32.0) than the control group (median 3.6, IQR 1.1–9.5; p<0.001). The chronic cough subjects had significantly higher symptom scores than the healthy volunteer groups in all domains (p≤0.001) except vasomotor symptoms (p=0.770). There was a positive association between COMPASS 31 and CQLQ in the patient group (p<0.001, r=0.432) but not COMPASS 31 and VAS (p=0.227).InterpretationChronic cough patients do indeed report more frequent and severe autonomic symptoms than healthy volunteers, indicating that this population may suffer from dysautonomia. At present, it remains unclear whether this occurs as a result of the cough or whether both the cough and dysfunction are part of some wider vagal pathology.
The validity of shortened multiple-breath washout testing using sulfur hexafluoride in the assessment of patients with COPD
Authors: Daynes Enya , Greening Neil , Owers-Bradley John , Singh Sally J. , Siddiqui Salman 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCOPD affects the small airways and is associated with ventilation heterogeneity. There are little data on the multiple-breath washout (MBW) in patients with COPD, particularly the variability over 8 weeks, using a shortened sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) washout. This work evaluated the repeatability of the lung clearance index (LCI)1/40and LCI1/20among subjects with COPD and compared to spirometry and clinical markers.MethodsThe MBW was performed on patients with COPD to determine ventilation heterogeneity globally (LCI), at conductive (Scond) and acinar (Sacin) levels. The LCI was repeated in triplicate and measured at a traditional 1/40th washout and retrofitted to a shortened 1/20th end tidal SF6concentration washout. Tests were repeated after 20 min and 8  weeks to determine within and between visit repeatability and compared with spirometry.ResultsEighty-four subjects were recruited to perform LCI and spirometry with 20 subjects performing the repeatability protocol. There were weak correlations between forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1) per cent predicted and LCI1/40thr=−0.311 (p=0.02), and LCI1/20thr=−0.40 (p<0.01). The LCI demonstrated excellent within and good between visit repeatability for both a 1/40th and 1/20th washout (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)≥0.80). There was a statistically significant strong correlation between LCI1/40thand a shortened LCI1/20of 0.86 (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe LCI is repeatable within and between visits. There are weak correlations with measures of spirometry. A shortened LCI1/20thstarting concentration correlates highly with a 1/40th washout, which may encourage clinical use.
Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in medicinal plants of Southwest China
Authors: Huang Xiaolong , Tian Tian , Chen Jingzhong , Wang Deng , Tong Bingli , Liu Jiming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Cinnamomum migao is an endangered evergreen woody plant species endemic to China. Its fruit is used as a traditional medicine by the Miao nationality of China and has a high commercial value. However, its seed germination rate is extremely low under natural and artificial conditions. As the foundation of plant propagation, seed germination involves a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes; however, the molecular events and systematic changes occurring during C. migao seed germination remain unclear.

Results
In this study, combined with the changes in physiological indexes and transcription levels, we revealed the regulation characteristics of cell structures, storage substances, and antioxidant capacity during seed germination. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that abundant smooth and full oil bodies were present in the cotyledons of the seeds. With seed germination, oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to electron microscopy and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80–90 % of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting important development and physiological changes. The unigenes involved in material metabolism (glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and starch and sucrose metabolism) and energy supply pathways (pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) were differentially expressed in the four germination stages. Among these DEGs, a small number of genes in the energy supply pathway at the initial stage of germination maintained high level of expression to maintain seed vigor and germination ability. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were firstly activated at a large scale in the LK (seed coat fissure) stage, and then genes involved in carbohydrates (CHO) metabolism were activated, which had their own species specificity.

Conclusions
Our study revealed the transcriptional levels of genes and the sequence of their corresponding metabolic pathways during seed germination. The changes in cell structure and physiological indexes also confirmed these events. Our findings provide a foundation for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination.
Comparison of bioelectrical body and visceral fat indices with anthropometric measures and optimal cutoffs in relation to hypertension by age and gender among Chinese adults
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Fan Yaqi , Wang Yuxue , Zhang Li , Li Chunjun , He Jiangshan , Guo Pei , Zhang Mianzhi , Zhang Minying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Few studies have compared bioelectrical body and visceral fat indices with anthropometric measures, or evaluated their optimal cutoffs in relation to hypertension among Asians. We compared the efficiencies of bioelectrical indices (percentage of body fat, PBF; visceral fat area, VFA) with anthropometric measures (body mass index, BMI; waist-hip ratio, WHR) for hypertension and re-evaluated the optimal cutoffs of each index by age and gender.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 8234 adults for health examination. PBF, VFA, BMI, WHR, and data on hypertension and behaviors were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and areas under curves (AUCs) were used to analyze the efficiencies of the indices for hypertension, optimal cutoffs were estimated using the Youden index.

Results
A total of 8234 individuals aged 21–91 with median age 44 (interquartile range [IQR] 33–56) years were included and 40.56% were men. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 27.47%. The studied indices were all associated with hypertension in all age-specific groups both among men and women except for WHR in 21–29 years old men and PBF in in 21–29 years old women. Among males, there were no statistical differences in powers of four indices for hypertension in all age-specific groups, except for 40–49 years, in which WHR was better than VFA. Among females, no differences were found among the indices in 30–39 and 70–79 years groups, while WHR was the best in 21–29 years group, VFA was better than PBF in 30–39 and 50–59 years groups, BMI was better than PBF and WHR in 60–69 years group. The optimal cutoffs of PBF, VFA, BMI and WHR ranged from 23.9 to 28.7%, 86.4 to 106.9cm2, 23.5 to 27.1 kg/m2, 0.92 to 0.96 across the age categories in males, and 32.8 to 36.3%, 75.9 to 130.9cm2, 21.9 to 26.4 kg/m2, 0.84 to 0.95 across the age categories in females, respectively.

Conclusions
The obesity indices’ efficiencies for hypertension varied by age and gender, and their cutoff values varied across the age categories and gender. Specific indices and cutoffs based on person’s age and gender should be used to identify individuals with hypertension.
Initial in-hospital heart rate is associated with three-month functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kuo Ya-Wen , Lee Meng , Huang Yen-Chu , Lee Jiann-Der 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Increased heart rate (HR) has been associated with stroke risk and outcomes.

Material and methods
We analyzed 1,420 patients from a hospital-based stroke registry with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Mean initial in-hospital HR and the coefficient of variation of HR (HR-CV) were derived from the values recorded during the first 3 days of hospitalization. The study outcome was the 3-month functional outcome. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
A higher mean HR level was significantly and continuously associated with a higher probability of unfavorable functional outcomes. Compared with the reference group (mean HR < 70 beats per minute), the multivariate-adjusted OR for an unfavorable outcome was 1.81 (95% CI, 1.25–2.61) for a mean HR ≥ 70 and < 80 beats per minute, 2.52 (95% CI, 1.66 − 3.52) for a mean HR ≥ 80 and < 90 beats per minute, and 3.88 (95% CI, 2.20–6.85) for mean HR ≥ 90 beats per minute. For stroke patients with a history of hypertension, the multivariate-adjusted OR for patients with a HR-CV ≥ 0.12 (versus patients with a HR-CV < 0.08 as a reference) was 1.73 (95% CI, 1.11–2.70) for an unfavorable outcome.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that a high initial in-hospital HR was significantly associated with unfavorable 3-month functional outcomes in patients with AIS. In addition, stroke patients with a HR-CV ≥ 0.12 also had unfavorable outcomes compared with those with a HR-CV < 0.08 if they had a history of hypertension.
Ensemble machine learning approach for screening of coronary heart disease based on echocardiography and risk factors
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Zhu Huolan , Chen Yongkai , Yang Chenguang , Cheng Huimin , Li Yi , Zhong Wenxuan , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtensive clinical evidence suggests that a preventive screening of coronary heart disease (CHD) at an earlier stage can greatly reduce the mortality rate. We use 64 two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) features and seven clinical features to predict whether one has CHD.MethodsWe develop a machine learning approach that integrates a number of popular classification methods together by model stacking, and generalize the traditional stacking method to a two-step stacking method to improve the diagnostic performance.ResultsBy borrowing strengths from multiple classification models through the proposed method, we improve the CHD classification accuracy from around 70–87.7% on the testing set. The sensitivity of the proposed method is 0.903 and the specificity is 0.843, with an AUC of 0.904, which is significantly higher than those of the individual classification models.ConclusionOur work lays a foundation for the deployment of speckle tracking echocardiography-based screening tools for coronary heart disease.
Sovereignty in a Minor Key
Authors: Hansen Thomas Blom 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTheories of sovereignty in the twentieth century are generally based on a teleological “out-of-Europe” narrative where the modern, centralized nation-state form gradually spread across the world to be the foundation of the international order. In this article, the author reflects on how the conceptualization of sovereignty may change if one begins a global account of modern sovereignty not from the heart of Western Europe but from the complex arrangements of “distributed sovereignty” that emerged in the Indian Ocean and other colonized territories from the eighteenth century onward. These arrangements were organized as multiple layers of dependency and provisional domination, captured well by Eric Beverley's term minor sovereignty. Thinking through sovereignty in a minor key allows us to see sovereignty less as a foundation of states and societies and more as a performative category, emerging in a dialectic between promises of order, prosperity, and law, and the realities of violent domination and occupation.
Colonial Diffractions in Illiberal Times: Forecasts on the Future
Authors: Stoler Ann Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article identifies two radical shifts in how colonialism is politically positioned and temporally framed, shifts that alter what invocations of colonialism look like, what distinguishes the attention they garner, and thus what they are implicitly or explicitly called upon to do. For one, invocations of colonialism are now oriented less to “residual” damage than to deepening racial inequalities on which (il)liberal politics increasingly thrive. Two, they are rendered not only as violating histories of the present but as premonitions in a dark diagnostics, as foreboding forecasts—histories of the global future across broader zones of disrepair, disregard, and degraded care.
Performing the Role of Playwright: Jia Zhongming's Sanqu Songs in the Supplement to The Register of Ghosts
Authors: Chang Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article investigates how sanqu composition modifies the social contract of poetic composition in how a text is mediated between authorship and social identity, through a close analysis of Jia Zhongming's sanqu songs written in the supplement to The Register of Ghosts. It challenges the conventional reading of Jia's songs as reliable sources of biographical information on individual playwrights to whom those songs are dedicated and argues instead that, if read together as a whole, they represent a catalog of various personas Jia constructs for the social role of playwright. The authorial figure that plays a central role in more polite poetic genres is reduced to a faceless and easily replaceable mannequin with a name tag on it—be it Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu, or any other name—in Jia's sanqu songs, only to foreground the fashioning of the playwright's social role from his particular perspective. The role Jia Zhongming constructs for the playwright displays the imprint of urban commercial theater as well as the influence of the state and elite values. Therefore, the true value of Jia's songs lies in how they help us better understand the condition of playwrights in Jia's time. Moreover, a proper interpretation of Jia's songs also helps us better understand the performativeness of sanqu as a genre.
Regular Resistance Training Enhances Fibrinolytic Potential but Does Not Affect Coagulation
Authors: NAGELKIRK PAUL R. , SOAVE KAYLA , ALTHERR CODY , DEL POZZI ANDREW 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Elevated coagulation and/or lowered fibrinolytic activity increases the risk of a thrombotic event, which affects more than 2 million people each year. Resistance training (RT) produces various adaptations that are theorized to influence hemostasis, but research in this area is limited.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify effects of an 8-wk, whole-body RT program on coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Methods
Sixteen healthy women and men (23 ± 5 yr) completed an RT program three times per week for 8 wk. Exercises included 2–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions performed at approximately 60%–80% of a one repetition maximum. Strength, body composition, and body circumferences were assessed before and after training. Plasma samples were obtained before and after training, and analyzed for active tissue plasminogen activator (tPA activity), total tissue plasminogen activator (tPA antigen), active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 activity), total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 antigen), fibrinogen, and coagulation factors VII (FVII) and VIII (FVIII).

Results
Significant increases in lean mass, arm and thigh circumferences, maximal chest press (PRE: 57.8 ± 37.5 kg, POST: 73.3 ± 43.2 kg), and leg press (PRE: 189.5 ± 96.0 kg, POST: 256.7 ± 97.9 kg) were observed (P < 0.05 for all). PAI-1 activity (PRE: 20.3 ± 32.5 IU·mL−1, POST 9.5 ± 20.9 IU·mL−1) and PAI-1 antigen decreased (PRE: 10.2 ± 9.0 ng·dL−1, POST: 7.2 ± 5.7 ng·dL−1; both, P < 0.05). No change in tPA activity or tPA antigen occurred. Fibrinogen, FVII, and FVIII did not change after training.

Conclusions
Inhibition of fibrinolysis was decreased after training, and coagulation was unaffected. These results suggest that regular RT may beneficially influence the risk of a thrombotic event. More research is warranted to understand the mechanisms through which RT affects hemostasis.
Dance Exposure, Individual Characteristics, and Injury Risk over Five Seasons in a Professional Ballet Company
Authors: SHAW JOSEPH W. , MATTIUSSI ADAM M. , BROWN DERRICK D. , WILLIAMS SEAN , KELLY SHANE , SPRINGHAM MATTHEW , PEDLAR CHARLES R. , TALLENT JAMIE 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to describe the relationships between dance exposure, dancer characteristics, and injury risk across five seasons in a professional ballet company.

Methods
Dance exposure time and clinician-reported time-loss and medical attention injury data were prospectively collected from 118 professional dancers of The Royal Ballet between 2015/2016 and 2019/2020. Cox proportional hazards and shared frailty models were fitted to overuse and traumatic injuries; individualized robust Z-scores for 7- and 28-d accumulated exposure, and week-to-week change in exposure, age, sex, company rank, and injury history were included as time-varying covariates.

Results
Across 381,710 h of exposure, 1332 medical attention and 427 time-loss injuries were observed. Positive relationships were observed between week-to-week change in exposure and overuse time-loss (+1 Z-score hazard ratio (HR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.53) and medical attention injury risk (+1 Z-score HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06–1.28). A negative relationship was observed between 7-d accumulated exposure and overuse medical attention injury risk (+1 Z-score HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66–0.84). Overuse time-loss injury risk was greater in soloists compared with the corps de ballet (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01–2.15) and in dancers with a higher previous injury rate (+1 injury per 1000 h HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.10). Only age was associated with traumatic time-loss (+1-yr HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09) or medical attention injury risk (+1-yr HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07).

Conclusions
Professional ballet companies should implement training principles such as periodization and progression, particularly in the case of senior-ranking dancers, older dancers, and dancers with high rates of previous injury. These findings provide a basis for future prospective investigations into specific causal injury pathways.
US Population-referenced Percentiles for Wrist-Worn Accelerometer-derived Activity
Authors: BELCHER BRITNI R. , WOLFF-HUGHES DANA L. , Dooley ERIN E. , STAUDENMAYER JOHN , BERRIGAN DAVID , EBERHARDT MARK S. , TROIANO RICHARD P. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to present age- and sex-specific percentiles for daily wrist-worn movement metrics in US youth and adults. This metric represents a summary of all recorded movement, regardless of the purpose, context, or intensity.

Methods
Wrist-worn accelerometer data from the combined 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles and the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey were used for this analysis. Monitor-Independent Movement Summary units (MIMS-units) from raw triaxial accelerometer data were used. We removed the partial first and last assessment days and days with ≥5% nonwear time. Participants with ≥1 valid day were included. Mean MIMS-units were calculated across all valid days. Percentile tables and smoothed curves of daily MIMS-units were calculated for each age and sex using the Generalized Additive Models for Location Shape and Scale.

Results
The analytical sample included 14,705 participants age ≥3 yr. The MIMS-unit activity among youth was similar for both sexes, whereas adult females generally had higher MIMS-unit activity than did males. Median daily MIMS-units peaked at age 6 yr for both sexes (males, 20,613; females, 20,706). Lowest activity was observed for males and females 80+ yr of age: 8799 and 9503, respectively.

Conclusions
Population referenced MIMS-unit percentiles for US youth and adults are a novel means of characterizing total activity volume. By using MIMS-units, we provide a standardized reference that can be applied across various wrist-worn accelerometer devices. Further work is needed to link these metrics to activity intensity categories and health outcomes.