bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primarily tests of a optoelectronic in‐canopy sensor for evaluation of vertical disease infection in cereals
Authors: Dammer Karl‐Heinz , Schirrmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHealth scouting of crops by satellite, airplanes, unmanned aerial (UAV) and ground vehicles can only evaluate the crop from above. The visible leaves may show no disease symptoms, but lower, older leaves not visible from above can do. A mobile in‐canopy sensor was developed, carried by a tractor to detect diseases in cereal crops. Photodiodes measure the reflected light in the red and infrared wavelength range at 10 different vertical heights in lateral directions.RESULTSSignificant differences occurred in the vegetation index NDVI of sensor levels operated inside and near the winter wheat canopy between infected (stripe rust: 2018, 2019 / leaf rust: 2020) and control plots. The differences were not significant at those sensor levels operated far above the canopy.CONCLUSIONSLateral reflectance measurements inside the crop canopy are able to distinguish between disease‐infected and healthy crops. In future mobile in‐canopy scouting could be an extension to the common above‐canopy scouting praxis for making spraying decisions by the farmer or decision support systems. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrochemical Heteroatom‐Heteroatom Bond Construction
Authors: Du Zhiying , Qi Qiqi , Gao Wei , Ma Li , Liu Zhenxian , Wang Ruiming , Chen Jianbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeteroatom‐heteroatom linkage, with S−S bond as a presentative motif, served a crucial role in biochemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and material sciences. Thus, preparation of the privileged scaffold has always been attracting tremendous attention from the synthetic community. However, classic protocols suffered from several drawbacks, such as toxic and unstable agents, poor functional group tolerance, multiple steps, and explosive oxidizing regents as well as the transitional metal catalysts. Electrochemical organic synthesis exhibited a promising alternative to the traditional chemical reaction due to the sustainable electricity can be employed as the traceless redox agents. Hence, toxic and explosive oxidants and/or transitional metals could be discarded under mild reaction with high efficiency. In this context, a series of electrochemical approaches for the construction of heteroatom‐heteroatom bond were reviewed. Notably, most of the cases illustrated the dehydrogenative feature with the clean energy molecules hydrogen as the sole by‐product.
A (dis)integrated stress response: Genetic diseases of eIF2α regulators
Authors: English Alyssa M. , Green Katelyn M. , Moon Stephanie L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells remodel gene expression to adapt to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors rapidly and reversibly. The ISR is initiated when stress‐activated protein kinases phosphorylate the major translation initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2ɑ (eIF2ɑ), which globally suppresses translation initiation activity and permits the selective translation of stress‐induced genes including important transcription factors such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Translationally repressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs assemble into cytoplasmic RNA–protein granules and polyadenylated RNAs are concomitantly stabilized. Thus, regulated changes in mRNA translation, stability, and localization to RNA–protein granules contribute to the reprogramming of gene expression that defines the ISR. We discuss fundamental mechanisms of RNA regulation during the ISR and provide an overview of a growing class of genetic disorders associated with mutant alleles of key translation factors in the ISR pathway.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Life in the Countries of Origin, Departure and Travel Towards Europe
Authors: Danisi Carmelo , Dustin Moira , Ferreira Nuno , Held Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccording to the United Nations (UN), at least 258 million people are moving across countries around the globe, consciously or unconsciously, in search of a safe and dignified life (IOM 2019; UN 2017). The international attempt to regulate these movements through the so-called Compacts seems unlikely to provide effective solutions. Often criticised as being non-binding instruments but with great potential in shaping states’ future behaviour (Türk 2018), the Compacts are not explicit in including SOGI minorities in the measures to be adopted through international cooperation for improving the management of migration and refugee flows, while respecting their human rights. It is noticeable that objective no. 7 (‘Address and reduce vulnerabilities in migration’) of the Global Compact related to migration refers to ‘victims of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence (…) [and] persons who are discriminated against on any basis’ as examples of vulnerable groups and, more generally, advances the development of gender-responsive migration policies (Atak et al. 2018). Equally, the Global Compact on Refugees pays attention in all fields to ‘sexual and gender-based violence’, while calling upon states to strengthen international efforts to prevent and combat it (paras. 5, 13, 51, 57, 59, 72 and 75). Yet, although this wording may be inclusive of SOGI, the Compacts avoided any specific reference or commitment in relation either to migrants who identify themselves as LGBTIQ+ or to SOGI claimants, perhaps owing to the need for the widest possible consensus among UN member states to secure the Compacts’ adoption. This represents a missed opportunity to raise awareness of SOGI asylum claimants’ needs at the universal level and speed up multilateral solutions to the movements across countries of people fleeing homophobia and transphobia.
Material und Methodik
Authors: Sell Madlen 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Fokus der Recherche zu Malaiischem Mĕngamok lag auf historischen Quellentexten mit Bezug zu Amok. Dabei wurden neben europäischen auch malaiische Informationsquellen berücksichtigt. Das historische Forschungsmaterial wurde aus dem Bestand der Bibliotheken der Universität Heidelberg und via digitaler Datenbanken bzw. Fernleihen aus nationalen und internationalen Universitätsbibliotheken recherchiert.
Begriffsdefinitionen
Authors: Sell Madlen 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel widmet sich den Begriffen Amok, Pseudo-Amok und School Shooting, die für die vorliegende Untersuchung definiert und voneinander abgegrenzt werden sollen. Insbesondere der Amokbegriff wird im alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch, in zeitgenössischen Medienberichten, aber auch in Fachpublikationen häufig unscharf verwendet und auch für relativ junge Phänomene gebraucht, die auf den ersten Blick wenig mit der klassischen Erscheinungsform des Amoklaufs gemeinsam haben. In der deutschsprachigen Fachliteratur hat sich deshalb in den letzten Jahren zunehmend der Begriff School Shooting zur Beschreibung schwerer zielgerichteter Gewalttaten an Schulen etabliert. Schulamok und School Shooting werden aber häufig weiterhin synonym verwendet.
Two-dimensional black holes in the limiting curvature theory of gravity
Authors: Frolov Valeri P. , Zelnikov Andrei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper we discuss modified gravity models in which growth of the curvature is dynamically restricted. To illustrate interesting features of such models we consider a modification of two-dimensional dilaton gravity theory which satisfies the limiting curvature condition. We show that such a model describes two-dimensional black holes which contain the de Sitter-like core instead of the singularity of the original non-modified theory. In the second part of the paper we study Vaidya type solutions of the model of the limiting curvature theory of gravity and used them to analyse properties of black holes which are created by the collapse of null fluid. We also apply these solutions to study interesting features of a black hole evaporation.
Unexpected high level of severe events even in low-risk profile chest pain unit patients
Authors: Breuckmann Frank , Settelmeier Stephan , Rassaf Tienush , Hochadel Matthias , Nowak Bernd , Voigtländer Thomas , Giannitsis Evangelos , Senges Jochen , Münzel Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims
Early heart attack awareness programs are thought to increase efficacy of chest pain units (CPU) by providing live-saving information to the community. We hypothesized that self-referral might be a feasible alternative to activation of emergency medical services (EMS) in selected chest pain patients with a specific low-risk profile.

Methods and results
In this observational registry-based study, data from 4743 CPU patients were analyzed for differences between those with or without severe or fatal prehospital or in-unit events (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and/or in-unit death, resuscitation or ventricular tachycardia). In order to identify a low-risk subset in which early self-referral might be recommended to reduce prehospital critical time intervals, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score for in-hospital mortality and a specific low-risk CPU score developed from the data by multivariate regression analysis were applied and corresponding event rates were calculated. Male gender, cardiac symptoms other than chest pain, first onset of symptoms and a history of myocardial infarction, heart failure or cardioverter defibrillator implantation increased propensity for critical events. Event rates within the low-risk subsets varied from 0.5–2.8%. Those patients with preinfarction angina experienced fewer events.

Conclusions
When educating patients and the general population about angina pectoris symptoms and early admission, activation of EMS remains recommended. Even in patients without any CPU-specific risk factor, self-referral bears the risk of severe or fatal pre- or in-unit events of 0.6%. However, admission should not be delayed, and self-referral might be feasible in patients with previous symptoms of preinfarction angina.
3-D-Druck-optimierte Anpassung eines Mittelgesichtsimplantats zur magnetgetragenen nasalen Epithesenversorgung
Authors: Wrobel Christian , Keppeler Daniel , Meyer Alexander C. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPlattenbasierte Ankersysteme zur fazialen Epithesenversorgung bieten gegenüber extraoralen Einzeltitanimplantaten Vorteile hinsichtlich einer flexibleren Wahl knöcherner Verankerungspunkte und höherer Stabilität. Nachteile werden in einer aufwendigen individuellen intraoperativen Anpassung der Plattensysteme am meist schlecht zugänglichen Knochen deutlich. Wir stellen eine Methode vor, diese Nachteile zu überwinden und die Vorteile plattenbasierter Systeme stärker auszuspielen.MethodikDas knöcherne Mittegesicht eines Patienten mit erfolgter Rhinektomie bei Karzinom des Naseneingangs wurde anhand der präoperativen Computertomographie als virtuelles 3‑D-Modell rekonstruiert. Die verwendete Open-Source-Software (3-D-Sclicer) ermöglichte die einfache und schnelle Rekonstruktion sowie Anpassung zum Druck des 3‑D-Modells mittels transparenten Kunststoffs (MED610; stratasys Ltd., MN, USA).ErgebnisseDie als Epithesenanker verwendete Titan-Brückenplatte (MEDICON) konnte am 3‑D-Druck des Mittelgesichts äußerst präzise vorangepasst werden. Wichtige anatomische Strukturen wurden geschont und die Verschraubungspunkte entsprechend der gegebenen Knochendicke gewählt. Die Implantation der vorangepassten Titanplatte erfolgte komplikationslos ohne weitere intraoperative Anpassungen.SchlussfolgerungDie Voranpassung plattenbasierter Ankersysteme für faziale Epithesen am 3‑D-Druck des Mittelgesichts überwindet deren Nachteile einer aufwendigen ggf. unpräzisen intraoperativen individuellen Anpassung. Diese Methode spielt die Vorteile der besseren Kraftverteilung durch mehr mögliche Verschraubungen, auch in dünnerem Knochen, weiter aus und kann somit Implantatlockerungen vorbeugen. Zudem ermöglicht die Voranpassung am 3‑D-Modell die bessere Identifikation und Schonung wichtiger anatomischer Strukturen und spart Op.-Zeit ein.
Ambulantisierungspotenzial stationärer Fälle einer universitären Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Henkelmann Jeanette , Henkelmann Ralf , von Dercks Nikolaus 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch das Reformgesetz des Medizinischen Dienstes der Kassen (MDK) soll u. a. eine Verlagerung bislang stationär erbrachter Leistungen in den ambulanten Versorgungsektor bzw. die Versorgung nach §115b SGB V umgesetzt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung bestimmter Gruppen stationärer Fälle eines universitären Maximalversorgers für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, die das Risiko einer operativen Ambulantisierung tragen.

Methodik
Die Datenerfassung mittels SAP Data Warehouse umfasst alle stationären Fälle 2017–2019. Es erfolgt die Subgruppenanalyse der Krankenhausleistungsparameter von 3 potenziellen Risikogruppen (RG): 1) primäre Fehlbelegungen, 2) Katalogleistungen der AOP-Kategorie 1 und/oder 2 sowie 3) elektive Eintagesfälle als hypothetische Risikogruppe. Zudem erfolgt eine Analyse epidemiologischer und ökonomischer Parameter.

Ergebnisse
Eine primäre Fehlbelegung (RG 1) wurde vom MDK in 245 Fällen beanstandet. RG 2 umfasst 764 Fälle und RG 3 891 Fälle. Das Kollektiv wies ein Durchschnittsalter von 45,5 ± 17,7 Jahren auf und zeigte in 90 % keine relevanten Nebendiagnosen (PCCL 0). Der Hauptanteil der Fälle ließ sich den DRG I23B und I21Z (Entfernung von Osteosynthesematerial, 15–23 %) zuordnen, nachfolgend offenen oder arthroskopischen Eingriffen an den Extremitäten (DRG I32F, I32G, I24Z, I18B, 6–9 %). Im Falle einer zunehmenden Ambulantisierung ergibt sich ein potenzielles Erlösrisiko 2017 von 1.049.207 €, 2018 von 1.076.727 € und 2019 von 923.163 €.

Schlussfolgerung
Einzelne Gruppen haben ein erhöhtes Transferpotenzial in bestimmten DRG für ambulante Operationen. Eine proaktive Patientensteuerung in Bezug auf ambulante vs. stationäre Behandlung sowie ein besonderes Management personeller und räumlicher Ressourcen sind notwendig, um nachgelagerte Erlöskürzungen zu antizipieren.
Do minimum wages improve self-rated health? Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Hafner Lucas , Lochner Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe analyze whether the introduction of the general minimum wage in Germany in 2015 had an effect on workers’ self-rated health. To this end, we use survey data linked to administrative employment records and apply difference-in-differences regressions combined with propensity score matching. This approach enables us to control for a vast set of potential confounding variables. We find a health improving effect among the individuals who were most likely to be affected by the reform. Our results indicate that workers’ improved satisfaction with pay, their reduced working hours, and a reduction in time pressure at work may drive this result.
Analytical performance of aPROMISE: automated anatomic contextualization, detection, and quantification of [18F]DCFPyL (PSMA) imaging for standardized reporting
Authors: Johnsson Kerstin , Brynolfsson Johan , Sahlstedt Hannicka , Nickols Nicholas G. , Rettig Matthew , Probst Stephan , Morris Michael J. , Bjartell Anders , Eiber Mathias , Anand Aseem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The application of automated image analyses could improve and facilitate standardization and consistency of quantification in [18F]DCFPyL (PSMA) PET/CT scans. In the current study, we analytically validated aPROMISE, a software as a medical device that segments organs in low-dose CT images with deep learning, and subsequently detects and quantifies potential pathological lesions in PSMA PET/CT.

Methods
To evaluate the deep learning algorithm, the automated segmentations of the low-dose CT component of PSMA PET/CT scans from 20 patients were compared to manual segmentations. Dice scores were used to quantify the similarities between the automated and manual segmentations. Next, the automated quantification of tracer uptake in the reference organs and detection and pre-segmentation of potential lesions were evaluated in 339 patients with prostate cancer, who were all enrolled in the phase II/III OSPREY study. Three nuclear medicine physicians performed the retrospective independent reads of OSPREY images with aPROMISE. Quantitative consistency was assessed by the pairwise Pearson correlations and standard deviation between the readers and aPROMISE. The sensitivity of detection and pre-segmentation of potential lesions was evaluated by determining the percent of manually selected abnormal lesions that were automatically detected by aPROMISE.

Results
The Dice scores for bone segmentations ranged from 0.88 to 0.95. The Dice scores of the PSMA PET/CT reference organs, thoracic aorta and liver, were 0.89 and 0.97, respectively. Dice scores of other visceral organs, including prostate, were observed to be above 0.79. The Pearson correlation for blood pool reference was higher between any manual reader and aPROMISE, than between any pair of manual readers. The standard deviations of reference organ uptake across all patients as determined by aPROMISE (SD = 0.21 blood pool and SD = 1.16 liver) were lower compared to those of the manual readers. Finally, the sensitivity of aPROMISE detection and pre-segmentation was 91.5% for regional lymph nodes, 90.6% for all lymph nodes, and 86.7% for bone in metastatic patients.

Conclusion
In this analytical study, we demonstrated the segmentation accuracy of the deep learning algorithm, the consistency in quantitative assessment across multiple readers, and the high sensitivity in detecting potential lesions. The study provides a foundational framework for clinical evaluation of aPROMISE in standardized reporting of PSMA PET/CT.
Ruxolitinib-treated polycythemia vera patients and their risk of secondary malignancies
Authors: Sekhri Rohit , Sadjadian Parvis , Becker Tatjana , Kolatzki Vera , Huenerbein Karlo , Meixner Raphael , Marchi Hannah , Wallmann Rudolf , Fuchs Christiane , Griesshammer Martin , Wille Kai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been increased concern about a risk of secondary malignancies (SM) occurring in myelofibrosis (MF) patients receiving ruxolitinib (RUX). In polycythemia vera (PV), on the other hand, only limited data on the risk of SM under RUX treatment are available. To investigate the association between RUX therapy in PV and SM, we conducted a retrospective, single-center study that included 289 PV patients. RUX was administered to 32.9% (95/289) of patients for a median treatment duration of 48.0 months (range 1.0–101.6). Within a median follow-up of 97 months (1.0–395.0) after PV diagnosis, 24 SM occurred. Comparing the number of PV patients with RUX-associated SM (n = 10, 41.7%) with the 14 (58.3%) patients who developed SM without RUX, no significant difference (p = 0.34, chi square test) was found. No increased incidences of melanoma, lymphoma, or solid “non-skin” malignancies were observed with RUX (p = 0.31, p = 0.60, and p = 0.63, respectively, chi square test). However, significantly more NMSC occurred in association with RUX treatment (p = 0.03, chi-squared test). The “SM-free survival” was not significantly different by log rank test for all 289 patients (p = 0.65), for the patients (n = 208; 72%) receiving cytoreductive therapy (p = 0.48) or for different therapy sequences (p = 0.074). In multivariate analysis, advanced age at PV diagnosis (HR 1.062 [95% CI 1.028, 1.098]) but not administration of RUX (HR 1.068 [95% CI 0.468, 2.463]) was associated with an increased risk for SM (p = 0.005). According to this retrospective analysis, no increased risk of SM due to RUX treatment could be substantiated for PV.
Femtosecond laser semi-assisted Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty: 2-year outcomes of endothelial cell loss and graft survival
Authors: Wang Ting , Shi Peiyan , Li Fengjie , Gao Hua , Li Suxia , Liu Tong , Shi Weiyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess 2-year endothelial cell loss and graft survival after femtosecond laser semi-assisted Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (FLS-DSEK).

Methods
In this prospective and noncomparative study carried out at Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 85 eyes (84 patients) with endothelial dysfunction receiving FLS-DSEK (n=62, 75.9%) or FLS-DSEK combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation (n=23, 27.1%) from 2013 through 2016 were included. The graft endothelial cell loss, endothelial graft thickness, visual acuity, and complications after surgery were evaluated.

Results
Thin endothelial grafts were all successfully prepared, with no occurrence of perforation. The rate of endothelial cell loss was 17.4%, 18.8%, 19.9%, and 26.7%, and the central graft thickness was 113±54 μm, 102±40 μm, 101±28 μm, and 96±23 μm at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median best-corrected visual acuity was 0.4 logMAR (range, 0–2 logMAR) at 24 months, demonstrating a significant difference from that before surgery (2 logMAR; range, 0.2–3 logMAR) (T=187.5, P<.001). Partial graft dislocation was the most common postoperative complication, with an occurrence rate of 14% (n=12), and it was associated with an abnormal iris-lens diaphragm (r=.35, P<.001). The other complications included a high intraocular pressure (n=5, 6%), endothelial graft rejection (n=4, 5%), and pupillary block (n=1, 1%). Endothelial graft decompensation occurred in the two eyes, and 98% (n=83) of the grafts survived at 24 months.

Conclusions
Data of the study suggest that the treatment using FLS-DSEK seems to be promising and might be considered a feasible choice in patients with endothelial dysfunction.

Trial registration
1. Date of registration: 2021-02-18
2. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100044091
3. Registration site: https://www.chictr.org.cn/
The feasibility of energy autonomy for municipalities: local energy system optimisation and upscaling with cluster and regression analyses
Authors: Weinand Jann Michael , McKenna Russell , Fichtner Wolf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sheer number of alternative technologies and measures make the optimal planning of energy system transformations highly complex, requiring decision support from mathematical optimisation models. Due to the high computational expenses of these models, only individual case studies are usually examined. In this article, the approach from the author’s PhD thesis to transfer the optimisation results from individual case studies to many other energy systems is summarised. In the first step, a typology of the energy systems to be investigated was created. Based on this typology, representative energy systems were selected and analysed in an energy system optimisation model. In the third step, the results of the representative case studies were transferred to all other energy systems. This approach was applied to a case study for determining the minimum costs of energy system transformation for all 11,131 German municipalities from 2015 to 2035 in the completely energy autonomous case. While a technical potential to achieve energy autonomy is present in 56% of the German municipalities, energy autonomy shows only low economic potential under current energy-political conditions. However, energy system costs in the autonomous case can be greatly reduced by the installation and operation of base-load technologies like deep-geothermal plants combined with district heating networks. The developed approach can be applied to any type of energy system and should help decision makers, policy makers and researchers to estimate optimal results for a variety of energy systems using practical computational expenses.