bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subacute Thyroiditis During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Brancatella Alessandro , Viola Nicola , Rutigliano Grazia , Sgrò Daniele , Santini Ferruccio , Latrofa Francesco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been related to subacute thyroiditis (SAT).

Objective
We compared SAT cases during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to those observed in the previous years.

Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted at the Endocrinology Unit of University Hospital of Pisa, Italy. We included all patients observed from January 2016 to December 2020 because of an untreated SAT, who had developed the disease within 15 days prior to the visit. SAT cases from 2016 to 2019 (N = 152) are referred to as pre-SARS-CoV-2, while 2020 SAT patients are classified as pos-SARS-CoV-2 (N = 18) or neg-SARS-CoV-2 (N = 28), according to positive or negative SARS-CoV-2 testing performed up to 45 days from SAT onset.

Results
While during 2016-2019, most SAT cases were observed in the third quarter, in 2020, 2 peaks were seen, superimposable to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the second and the fourth quarters. In the second and fourth quarters of 2020, we observed higher levels of free thyroxine (FT4), C-reactive protein (CRP), and thyroglobulin (Tg) compared with the same quarters of the years 2016-2019. Pos-SARS-CoV-2 patients had higher FT4 (28.4 vs 24.1 nmol/L), CRP (8.5 vs 3.6 mg/L), and Tg (155 vs 60 µg/L) (P &lt; 0.05 for all) and more frequently had hypothyroidism (13/15 vs 30/152 at 3 months) (P &lt; 0.001) than pre-SARS-CoV-2 patients. Neg-SARS-CoV-2 patients showed a clinical picture intermediate between the other 2 groups.

Conclusion
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a shift in the annual timing and severity of SAT cases.
Of Widows, Furrows, and Seed: New Perspectives on Land and the Colonial Andean Commons
Authors: Puente Luna José Carlos de la 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough much has been written about Indigenous land tenure in the Americas, colonial Andeanists still debate whether pre-Hispanic agropastoral communities held all pasture and farmland in common and, therefore, whether novel forms of private or individual control over land and its products were introduced only in the aftermath of the Iberian conquest. The alleged particularities of the Andean case vis-à-vis other regions for which historians accept a plurality of pre-Hispanic and postconquest land regimes are based on a twin set of oppositions: individual versus collective, and ownership versus use. In this essay, I reassess communal land tenure patterns through the lens of Native colonial customs of commoning and uncommoning. I contend that individual and communal aspects of land within Native collectives were not opposite ends of a spectrum but instead coterminous ways of acting on—that is, exerting power and control over—the same resources.
The captivating effect of electric organ discharges: species, sex and orientation are embedded in every single received image
Authors: Waddell Joseph C. , Caputi Angel A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Some fish communicate using pulsatile, stereotyped electric organ discharges (EODs) that exhibit species- and sex-specific time courses. To ensure reproductive success, they must be able to discriminate conspecifics from sympatric species in the muddy waters they inhabit. We have previously shown that fish in both Gymnotus and Brachyhypopomus genera use the electric field lines as a tracking guide to approach conspecifics (electrotaxis). Here, we show that the social species Brachyhypopomus gauderio uses electrotaxis to arrive abreast a conspecific, coming from behind. Stimulus image analysis shows that, even in a uniform field, every single EOD causes an image in which the gradient and the local field time courses contain enough information to allow the fish to evaluate the conspecific sex, and to find the path to reach it. Using a forced-choice test, we show that sexually mature individuals orient themselves along a uniform field in the direction encoded by the time course characteristic of the opposite sex. This indicates that these fish use the stimulus image profile as a spatial guidance clue to find a mate. Embedding species, sex and orientation cues is a particular example of how species can encode multiple messages in the same self-generated communication signal carrier, allowing for other signal parameters (e.g. EOD timing) to carry additional, often circumstantial, messages. This ‘multiple messages’ EOD embedding approach expressed in this species is likely to be a common and successful strategy that is widespread across evolutionary lineages and among varied signaling modalities.
How to build a puncture- and breakage-resistant eggshell? Mechanical and structural analyses of avian brood parasites and their hosts
Authors: López Analía V. , Bolmaro Raúl E. , Ávalos Martina , Gerschenson Lía N. , Reboreda Juan C. , Fiorini Vanina D. , Tartalini Vanina , Risso Pablo , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTEvolved eggshell strength is greater in several lineages of obligate avian brood parasites (birds that lay their eggs in other species' nests) than in their hosts. Greater strength is typically indirectly implied by eggshell thickness comparisons between parasites and hosts. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that the eggshell structural organization differentially influences its mechanical properties. Using instrumental puncture tests and SEM/EBSD and XRD techniques, we studied the most relevant eggshell mechanical, textural, ultrastructural and microstructural features between several host species and their parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus spp.). These parasitic species display different egg-destructive behaviors, reducing host reproductive fitness, including the more frequently host-egg puncturing M. rufoaxillaris and M. bonariensis, and the host egg-removing M. ater. The results, analyzed using a phylogenetic comparative approach, showed interspecific patterns in the mechanical and structural features. Overall, the eggshells of the two egg-puncturing parasites (but not of M. ater) were stronger, stiffer and required greater stress to produce a fracture than the respective hosts' eggs. These features were affected by eggshell microstructure and ultrastructure, related to the increase in the intercrystalline boundary network acting in cooperation with the increase in palisade layer thickness. Both structural features generate more options and greater lengths of intercrystalline paths, increasing the energy consumed in crack or fissure propagation. The reported patterns of all these diverse eggshell features support a new set of interpretations, confirming several hypotheses regarding the impact of the two reproductive strategies (parasitic versus parental) and parasitic egg destruction behaviors (more versus less frequently puncturing).
Medical adhesive vs hookwire for computed tomography-guided preoperative localization and risk factors of major complications
Authors: Ye Weitao , Dong Chenyu , Lin Churong , Wu Qidi , Li Jiao , Zhou Zihao , Wen Menghuang , Liang Changhong , Zhao Zhenjun , Yang Lin 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of medical adhesive and hookwire as CT-guided non-palpable pulmonary nodule (NPN) localization methods before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection, and determine the risk factors for common complications during localization.

Methods:
This was a single-center non-randomized retrospective study. 102 consecutive patients with 109 NPNs were divided into Group A (medical adhesive, 66 patients, 72 nodules) and Group B (hookwire, 36 patients, 37 nodules) before VATS. Patient- and nodule-based characteristics were compared. Logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for complications.

Results:
Localization was successfully performed in all the NPNs. For Group A, the rate of pneumothorax immediately after localization was lower (p = 0.049) and the localization-to-surgery interval was longer (p = 0.011) than Group B. There was no significant difference in rates of hemorrhage after needle withdrawal between the two groups (p = 0.198). Hookwire ( vs medical adhesive) (β = 1.12, p = 0.018), total insertion depth (β = −0.41, p = 0.013), pleura-needle angle (β = −0.04, p = 0.025) and grade of hemorrhage after needle withdrawal (β = −0.96, p = 0.030) were independently associated with pneumothorax, while age (β = −0.94, p = 0.018), tumor size (β = 0.29, p = 0.007) and its distance from the pleural surface (β = 0.14, p = 0.004) were associated with higher grade hemorrhage after needle withdrawal.

Conclusion:
Compared with hookwire, localization with medical adhesive excelled in lower risk of pneumothorax, a more flexible localization-to-surgery interval, and had similar rates of hemorrhage after needle withdrawal. Hookwire is an independent risk factor of pneumothorax immediately after localization.

Advances in knowledge:
This study added new clinical evidence to the efficacy of medical adhesive in pre-operative CT-guided NPN localization.
Pathological fracture in paediatric bone tumours and tumour-like lesions: A predictor of benign lesions?
Authors: Chaib Boussad , Malhotra Karan , Khoo Michael , Saifuddin Asif 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To determine the incidence and causes of pathological fractures in paediatric bone tumours and tumour-like lesions, and to determine if they are predictive of benign lesions.

Methods and materials:
Retrospective review of children with suspected bone tumours referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology service between September 2019 and August 2020. Data recorded included patient age and gender, lesion location, the presence of a pathological fracture on the initial plain radiograph, and the final diagnosis made either by image-guided biopsy/curettage or based on typical imaging features.

Results:
231 patients were included with 233 lesions (138 males and 93 females with mean age 10.5 years, range 3 months–18 years). Final diagnosis was based on histology in 85 (36.5%) cases and imaging in 148 (63.5%) cases, 52 (22.3%) lesions classed as non-neoplastic, 139 (59.7%) as benign and 42 (18%) as malignant. Pathological fractures were seen in 41 cases (17.6%) at presentation, involving the humerus in 19 (46.3%), the femur in 14 (34.1%), the tibia in 3 (7.3%), the fibula and radius in two each (4.9%) and the second toe proximal phalanx in 1 (2.4%) (p &lt; 0.001). The commonest underlying lesions included simple bone cyst (n = 17; 41.5%) and non-ossifying fibroma (n = 10; 24.4%). Only 4 cases (9.75%) were malignant, one case each of osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, leukaemia and BCOR undifferentiated round cell sarcoma. Pathological fracture occurred in 27.7% of non-malignant lesions and 9.5% of malignant lesions, this difference being statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
Pathological fractures were seen in 17.6% of paediatric bone tumours, tumour-like lesions, being significantly associated with humeral location and non-malignant diagnosis.

Advances in knowledge:
Demonstrates the frequency, location and underlying diagnosis of pathological fractures in paediatric bone tumour and tumour-like lesions.
Diagnostic radiographer advanced clinical practice in the United Kingdom – A national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Woznitza Nick , Pittock Lisa , Elliott James , Snaith Bev 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To survey the diagnostic radiography workforce in the United Kingdom (UK) at an organisational level to ascertain the scope of advanced practice and compliance with Health Education England standards for multiprofessional advanced clinical practice (ACP). Methods: 174 diagnostic imaging departments were invited to participate in a cross-sectional electronic survey focused upon advanced level practice and their educational and accreditation expectations (October–December 2019). Breast imaging, computed tomography, fluoroscopy, interventional radiology, lithotripsy, magnetic resonance imaging and projectional radiography were included. Results: A total of 97 responses were received, of which 79 were eligible for inclusion (45%). Respondents reported advanced-level practice roles across all imaging modalities, which included clinical reporting, procedural-based and combined roles. Radiograph and mammogram reporting were most prevalent (95 and 67% of Trusts), with fluoroscopy the most frequent procedure-only role (25%). Only 39% of trusts required adherence to the four pillars of ACP within job descriptions, and only 12% requiring a full Masters qualification. Conclusions: Diagnostic radiographer reporting and procedure-based roles in the NHS are varied and widespread. However, inconsistencies in fulfilment against the expected standards for advanced practice exist. Realignment of advanced-level roles to delineate enhanced and advanced clinical practice may ensure consistency between roles and professions. A requirement for accreditation as an advanced (clinical) practitioner with adherence to advanced practice requirements could therefore provide value to accreditation for both individual practitioners and Trusts. Advances in knowledge: Within the UK, diagnostic radiographer roles previously self-identified as advanced-level practice may be termed enhanced practice when not adhering to expected ACP standards.
A comparison among gamma distribution, intravoxel incoherent motion, and mono-exponential models with turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of orofacial lesions
Authors: Panyarak Wannakamon , Chikui Toru , Tokumori Kenji , Yamashita Yasuo , Kamitani Takeshi , Togao Osamu , Kawano Shintaro , Yoshiura Kazunori 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To compare the gamma distribution (GD), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and monoexponential (ME) models in terms of their goodness-of-fit, correlations among the parameters, and the effectiveness in the differential diagnosis of various orofacial lesions. Methods: A total of 85 patients underwent turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging with six b-values. The goodness-of-fit of three models was assessed using Akaike Information Criterion. We analysed the correlations and compared the effectiveness in the differential diagnosis among the parameters of GD model (κ, shape parameter; θ, scale parameter; fractions of diffusion: ƒ1, cellular component; ƒ2, extracellular diffusion; ƒ3, perfusion component), IVIM model (D, true diffusion coefficient; D*, pseudodiffusion coefficient; f, perfusion fraction), and ME model (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC). Results: The GD and IVIM models showed a better goodness-of-fit than the ME model (p < 0.05). ƒ1 had strong negative correlations with D and ADC (ρ = –0.901 and –0.937, respectively), while ƒ3 had a moderate positive correlation with f (ρ = 0.661). Malignant entity presented significantly higher ƒ1 and lower D and ADC than benign entity (p < 0.0001). Malignant lymphoma had significantly higher ƒ1 in comparison to squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.0007) and granulation (p = 0.0075). The trend in ƒ1 was opposite to the trend in D. Malignant lymphoma had significant lower ƒ3 than squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.005) or granulation (p = 0.0075). Conclusions: The strong correlations were found between the GD- and IVIM-derived parameters. Furthermore, the GD model’s parameters were useful for characterising the pathological structure in orofacial lesions.
The Bad Thing About Good Advice: Understanding When and How Advice Exacerbates Overconfidence
Authors: Soll Jack B. , Palley Asa B. , Rader Christina A. 
Published: July 2021

Much research on advice taking examines how people revise point estimates given input from others. This work has established that people often egocentrically discount advice. If they were to place more weight on advice, their point estimates would be more accurate. Yet the focus on point estimates and accuracy has resulted in a narrow conception of what it means to heed advice. We distinguish between revisions of point estimates and revisions of attendant probability distributions. Point estimates represent a single best guess; distributions represent the probabilities that people assign to all possible answers. A more complete picture of advice taking is provided by considering revisions of distributions, which reflect changes in both confidence and best guesses. We capture this using a new measure of advice utilization: the influence of advice. We observe that, when input from a high-quality advisor largely agrees with a person’s initial opinion, it engenders little change in one’s point estimate and, hence, little change in accuracy yet significantly increases confidence. This pattern suggests more advice taking than generally suspected. However, it is not necessarily beneficial. Because people are typically overconfident to begin with, receiving advice that agrees with their initial opinion can exacerbate overconfidence. In several experiments, we manipulate advisor quality and measure the extent to which advice agrees with a person’s initial opinion. The results allow us to pinpoint circumstances in which heeding advice is beneficial, improving accuracy or reducing overconfidence, as well as circumstances in which it is harmful, hurting accuracy or exacerbating overconfidence. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Deep-ultraviolet photodetector based on pulsed-laser-deposited Cs3Cu2I5 films/n-Si heterojunction
Authors: Li Xiaoxuan , Zhang Lichun , Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Cheng , Zhou Zhiying , He Shunli , Tian Dan , Ren Zhichao , Yang Chuanlu , Zhao Fengzhou 
Published: July 2021

All-inorganic lead-free perovskite

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. Moreover, the device showed good stability after being exposed to air for 30 days.
Existence results for double phase problems depending on Robin and Steklov eigenvalues for the p-Laplacian
Authors: Manouni Said El , Marino Greta , Winkert Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study double phase problems with nonlinear boundary condition and gradient dependence. Under quite general assumptions we prove existence results for such problems where the perturbations satisfy a suitable behavior in the origin and at infinity. Our proofs make use of variational tools, truncation techniques and comparison methods. The obtained solutions depend on the first eigenvalues of the Robin and Steklov eigenvalue problems for the p-Laplacian.
Polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites with high conductivity via solid-state shear mixing
Authors: Zhao Xiaoliang , Huang Dayong , Ewulonu Chinomso M. , Wu Min , Wang Chao , Huang Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research on facile, low-cost, and green process for the uniform dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into polymer matrix has always been a considerable challenge in practical applications. The Van der Waals interaction between graphene layers can easily cause aggregation of the nanofillers. Here, we propose a new method to solve this problem by involving solid-state shear mixing to obtain a well-dispersed nanocomposite. The comprehensive properties of nanocomposite, including antistatic properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability, can be significantly enhanced by this method. The surface resistivity of the nanocomposite can be up to 2.4 × 107 Ω sq−1 under 1 wt% content of GNPs, which is significantly better than the value obtained by conventional melting compounding and meets the required standard of less than 3 × 108 Ω sq−1 for actual application antistatic materials. The impact strength of the nanocomposite increased by 120.8% when compared with neat PP. At the same time, the heat distortion temperature and initial decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite with only 0.5 wt% content of GNPs are improved by 11.7°C and 110°C, respectively. In addition, GNPs is a heterogeneous nucleating agent that leads PP to emerge β crystal form. This study provides an effective and practical reference for the broad-scale industrial preparation of polymer-based graphene nanocomposites.
Integral transforms and probability distributions involving a generalized hypergeometric function
Authors: Khan Nabiullah , Usman Talha , Aman Mohd , Al-Omari Shrideh , Choi Junesang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Various extensions of the beta function together with their associated extended hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric
functions have been introduced and investigated. In this paper, using the very recently contrived extended beta function, we aim to introduce an extension

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and investigate certain classes of transforms and several identities of a generalized probability distribution involving this extension. In fact, we present
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this extension multiplied by a polynomial. We also introduce a generalized probability distribution to investigate its several related properties.
Further, we consider some special cases of our main results with an argument about the derived process of a known result.
Adalékok a 18. századi Szabolcs, Szatmár és Bereg vármegyei boszorkányság kutatásához
Authors: Kocsis Annamária 
Published: July 2021

A tanulmány a 18. századi Szabolcs, Szatmár és Bereg megyei boszorkányságot vizsgálja. A boszorkányperek társadalmi ellentéteket tárnak fel nemcsak országos, hanem helyi szinten is, ennél fogva kiváló forrásbázisát képezik a konfliktuskutatásnak.
A boszorkányüldözés során a perbefogottak mintegy 90%-a nő volt. A boszorkányperek kutatása során ezért a nő mint társadalmi kategória jelenik meg és az interdiszciplináris kutatások a nő helyzetét a maga komplexitásában mutatják be. Kiemelt figyelmet fordítva a férfi-nő kapcsolat különböző megjelenési formáira.
A magyarországi boszorkányperek kutatása során már megtörtént a legfontosabb források feltárása és azok publikálása. Azonban az egyes területek, kisebb-nagyobb földrajzi régiók, sajátosságait bemutató művek csak nagyon kis számban állnak rendelkezésre. Különösen az általam választott megyék területén. Jelen munka elsődleges célja a nevezett három vármegye boszorkánypereinek kvantitatív, kvalitatív és tartalomelemző módszerrel történő, különböző szempontok szerinti (vád, vádlottak nemi összetétele és aránya, büntetési tételek típusa) feldolgozás elemzése, a tipikusságok és a sajátosságok kiemelése.
Az összefüggések megállapítását, a magyarázatok elkészítését és értékelését követően, a kapott eredményeknek köszönhetően pontosabb képet kaphatunk majd a boszorkányságról, mint magyarországi jelenségről. Továbbá a vizsgált terület, tehát Szabolcs, Szatmár és Bereg vármegyék boszorkánypereinek sajátosságaira is rálátást kaphatunk.
Fotó: Ulrich Molitor: De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus. Reutlingen, Johann Otmar, 1489. 9. fejezet C1 r.