bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Materiality of the Text and Manuscript Culture
Authors: Eisner Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the significance of the manuscripts of Virgil and other classical poets that Dante might have read. Calling attention to the presence of musical notation (neumes) in copies that share the particular Virgilian readings Dante quotes, this essay explores the resonance of one of those passages (Aeneas’ dream of Hector) in Dante’s poem. It shows how Dante uses this Virgilian episode to craft his encounter with Manfred where he considers the relationship of body and soul that constitutes one of the major differences between classical and Christian thought, as Augustine frequently noted. Just as Christian anthropology maintains that the body constitutes an essential element of the human person, this essay argues that the materiality of the texts Dante read constitutes a crucial source for understanding how Dante interpreted these texts.
The Law
Authors: Quaglioni Diego 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the way Dante’s major works, like Monarchia and Convivio, articulate a strong and complex interrelation among religious, political, and legal concepts. Dante’s Commedia, too, is a universal masterpiece whose literary-theoretical framework is simultaneously and manifestly a legal one. Dante the political philosopher as well as Dante the poet fully assimilated the legal culture of his century. He was not a canonist or a jurist either, even though he quoted canon and Roman law everywhere, castigating papal decretals and the decretalists in the harshest terms but also following some traditional lines of legal thought. Indeed, the legal maxims quoted by Dante are one with the structure of his discourse and argumentation, even when Dante follows closely precise legal enunciations of the sources, showing how phrases from the texts of the Corpus iuris civilis or of the Corpus iuris canonici had become part of general educated discourse among non-lawyers.
Politics
Authors: Kay Tristan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses key aspects of Dante’s political thought in its cultural, biographical, and intellectual context. Its opening section stresses that Dante’s political theory responds to his lived experience of the volatility of fourteenth-century Italy. The chapter then questions the generic parameters of Dante’s ‘political writings’ and draws attention to some of the intellectual currents that inform them. The following two sections use passages from the Commedia and Monarchia, in particular, to illuminate key tenets of Dante’s theologized political philosophy: firstly, the institutions of papacy and empire and their respective functions and responsibilities; and secondly, the importance of cities, and specifically factional medieval Florence and imperial Rome, in the Commedia’s political imaginary. The final part of the chapter argues that, while critics sometimes address politics as a vital but intellectually isolated branch of Dante’s work, we should emphasize the ways in which he brings political ideas into fruitful contact with diverse forms of expression and knowledge.
The East
Authors: Schildgen Brenda Deen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses four aspects of Dante’s use of the concept of oriens or the East: First, scientific, his geographical knowledge and orientation, that is the orbis terrarum model that underlies the Commedia and the Monarchia and the role of the East in it; second, political geography whereby he renders the theory of a tripartite single-landmass Earth in service to his historical theory that puts Rome in the center of the political world; third, his use of Arabic learning and philosophy; fourth, the fictive ‘orient’ or East, which poses political Islam as a danger and threat (and includes North Africa and the Middle East); imagines India as a revered East; finally, presents the ‘East’ as the source for ‘wonders’ that reveal God’s creative grandeur and incommensurability. Dante, thus, represents many Easts, including a political East and a geographical East, a learned East, as well as an imaginary East.
Eschatological Anthropology
Authors: Gragnolati Manuele 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores selfhood in the Commedia. Focusing on the concept of the aerial body that the separated soul creates in the afterlife and that continues to express sensitive faculties, it argues that this concept is paradoxical. On the one hand it can be taken as the symbol of the separated soul’s full experience in the eschatological time between physical death and the final resurrection of the flesh. This is most interesting in Purgatory, where physical pain is productive and transformative. On the other hand, the concept of the aerial body also indicates that an even fuller experience will only be possible with the final, fleshly reconstitution of the person. This applies not only to Hell but also to Heaven, where the blessed, who have learnt to renounce their identity and merge with God, nonetheless also long for a corporeal materiality that carries their memory and past desires.
The Master Narrative and its Paradoxes
Authors: Crisafi Nicolò 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The chapter explores alternatives to the uplifting linear narrative of progress that underpins Dante’s Commedia and can be regarded as its ‘master narrative’. It investigates three counter-narratives that stand in tension with, and often subvert, its teleological trajectory. These are enacted by (i) the poem’s representations of an uncertain, open-ended future; (ii) the alternative endings voiced by various characters who imagine how their lives might have turned out differently; and (iii) the paradoxes that resist the poem’s linear temporality and offer important illustrations of a more unresolved Commedia that does not always seek ‘total coherence’. The chapter concludes that alongside established notions of Dante’s plurilingualism and pluristylism, it is fruitful to think of the Commedia in terms of its narrative pluralism. Exploring counter-narratives balances a popular image of Dante as a carefully controlling author with that of a writer open to a more liberal and reciprocal relationship with his readers.
Commentary (both by Dante and on Dante)
Authors: Fiorentini Luca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The first part of this chapter aims to reconstruct the essential moments of Dante’s self-exegesis through an examination of the conditions that inspired it: a redefinition of the function of lyric, in the Vita nova; the explanation of the transmission of philosophical truths in poetic forms, in the Convivio; the original explanatory dialectic between the two planes of meaning, literal and allegorical, implemented in the Commedia. The second section of the chapter is devoted to the first commentaries on Dante’s Commedia, from the general introduction to Dante’s poem in the Epistle to Cangrande to the Esposizioni sopra la ‘Comedia’ by Giovanni Boccaccio.
A Decolonial Feminist Dante: Imperial Historiography and Gender
Authors: Waller Marguerite 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter brings a decolonial dimension to Euro-American feminist readings of Dante’s constructions of gender and sexuality. Corroborated by the religious art of the first millennium of the church in Rome, the Commedia’s concern with gender and sexuality relates directly to Pope Boniface VIII’s official disenfranchisement of women as part of his effort to imperialize the papacy. The ‘decolonial’ turn taken by several feminist theorists over the last forty years draws upon strategies and metaphors similar to Dante’s to challenge a post-1492 colonial sex/gender system. Early church art needs to be consulted in Dante studies for evidence of an anti-imperial Christian culture, subjugated and occluded by Dante’s time, that embraced the sensuous, the female, and a decentralizing relational imaginary. The ninth-century Basilica of Santa Prassede in Rome and the story of Titus unfolded across Purgatorio and Paradiso suggest a ‘decolonial’ alternative to the sex/gender system on which imperial sovereignty depends.
Roman de la Rose
Authors: Montefusco Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter intends to outline, in a succinct yet critical manner, the essential elements allowing us to establish a link between Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun’s Roman de la Rose and the works of Dante, from the contested Fiore and Detto d’amore to the Commedia. Rather than seeking to provide an exhaustive picture, given the abundant critical literature available, this chapter addresses the following questions: 1) what is the Rose? 2) What did it represent to the generation of Tuscan poets from the second half of the 13th century, Cavalcanti and the young Dante, in particular? 3) What was its role in Dantean writing, especially in its complex poetics, politics, and organization of knowledge?
Withdrawn as duplicate: Spatial and temporal localization of SPIRRIG and WAVE/SCAR reveal roles for these proteins in actin-mediated root hair development
Authors: Chin Sabrina , Kwon Taegun , Khan Bibi Rafeiza , Sparks J Alan , Mallery Eileen L , Szymanski Daniel B , Blancaflor Elison B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article has been withdrawn due to a publisher error that caused the article to be duplicated. The definitive version of this article is published under DOI 10.1093/plcell/koab115.
Complex evolution of novel red floral color inPetunia
Authors: Berardi Andrea E. , Esfeld Korinna , Jäggi Lea , Mandel Therese , Cannarozzi Gina M. , Kuhlemeier Cris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRed flower color has arisen multiple times and is generally associated with hummingbird pollination. The majority of evolutionary transitions to red color proceeded from purple lineages and tend to be genetically simple, almost always involving a few loss-of-function mutations of major phenotypic effect. Here we report on the complex evolution of a novel red floral color in the hummingbird-pollinated Petunia exserta (Solanaceae) from a colorless ancestor. The presence of a red color is remarkable because the genus cannot synthesize red anthocyanins and P. exserta retains a nonfunctional copy of the key MYB transcription factor AN2. We show that moderate upregulation and a shift in tissue specificity of an AN2 paralog, DEEP PURPLE, restores anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. exserta. An essential shift in anthocyanin hydroxylation occurred through rebalancing the expression of three hydroxylating genes. Furthermore, the downregulation of an acyltransferase promotes reddish hues in typically purple pigments by preventing acyl group decoration of anthocyanins. This study presents a rare case of a genetically complex evolutionary transition toward the gain of a novel red color.
Neurophysiological contributors to advantageous risk-taking: an experimental psychopharmacological investigation
Authors: MacCormack Jennifer K , Armstrong-Carter Emma , Humphreys Kathryn L , Muscatell Keely A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ability to learn from experience is critical for determining when to take risks and when to play it safe. However, we know little about how within-person state changes, such as an individual’s degree of neurophysiological arousal, may impact the ability to learn which risks are most likely to fail vs succeed. To test this, we used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design to pharmacologically manipulate neurophysiological arousal and assess its causal impact on risk-related learning and performance. Eighty-seven adults (45% female, Mage = 20.1 ± 1.46 years) took either propranolol (n = 42), a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker that attenuates sympathetic nervous system–related signaling, or a placebo (n = 45). Participants then completed the Balloon Emotional Learning Task, a risk-taking task wherein experiential learning is necessary for task success. We found that individuals on propranolol, relative to placebo, earned fewer points on the task, suggesting that they were less effective risk-takers. This effect was mediated by the fact that those on propranolol made less optimal decisions in the final phase of the task on trials with the greatest opportunity for advantageous risk-taking. These findings highlight that neurophysiological arousal supports risk-related learning and, in turn, more advantageous decision-making and optimal behavior under conditions of risk.
Manuka Honey: Feasibility and Safety in Postoperative Neurosurgical Wound Care
Authors: Felbaum Daniel R. , Dowlati Ehsan , Jacobs Matthew , Tom Laura K. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To date, no reports have been published on active Leptospermum manuka honey (ALH) feasibility as a postoperative topical wound supplement in neurosurgical patients. The objective of the study is to present the authors’ initial experience with using ALH in postoperative neurosurgical patients.

METHODS
A single-surgeon retrospective case series review of cranial and spinal operations between 2018 and 2020 was performed in patients with nonhealing wounds or wounds deemed “at risk” as defined by grade 1 Sandy surgical wound dehiscence grading classification. An ALH gel or ointment was applied to these incisions once a day for 2 to 4 weeks. Patients were followed up in the clinic every 2 weeks until incisions had healed.

RESULTS
Twenty-five postoperative patients (12 cranial, 13 spinal) were identified to be at high risk of operative debridement. All 25 patients were prescribed a topical application of ALH, which was easily adopted without patient-related adverse events. Seven (four cranial, three spinal) patients required operative debridement and treatment with long-term antibiotic therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
In this small case series of neurosurgical patients who were at risk of poor wound healing, the application of medical-grade ALH was well tolerated without patient-reported adverse events. The ALH may have prevented the need for operative debridement in the majority of patients. Further prospective studies are necessary to establish its efficacy in wound healing in the neurosurgical population.
Retrospective Cohort Noninferiority Analysis of Barrier Cream in Preventing Pressure Injuries
Authors: Garcia-Carretero Rafael , Ballesteros-Ubeda María-Vicenta , Martínez-Alvarez Ana , Martinez-Gimeno María-Lara 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of a dimethicone- and zinc-based barrier cream compared with hyperoxygenated fatty acids in preventing pressure injuries (PIs) in patients at high or very high risk.

METHODS
Researchers conducted a retrospective noninferiority study in an inpatient acute care hospital in Spain that included hospitalized patients in nonsurgical departments with impaired mobility.

RESULTS
The study authors reviewed 522 patients in a control group (hyperoxygenated fatty acids) and an experimental group (barrier cream) over a period of 7 days. The incidence of PI was 31% in the control group and 31.1% in the experimental group. The hazard ratio for developing PI was 0.84 (confidence interval, 0.61-1.17; P = .32) in the experimental group compared with the control group, meeting the criteria for noninferiority. The Kaplan-Meier estimator indicated no statistically significant difference between groups (log-rank = 0.654).

CONCLUSIONS
Dimethicone- and zinc-based barrier cream was not inferior to hyperoxygenated fatty acids in preventing PIs in hospitalized patients at high or very high risk of developing them during their hospital stay.
Resection of Anterior and Lateral Muscle Compartments Does Not Preclude Limb Salvage and Functions
Authors: Dunlap Eleanor , Fitzpatrick Suzanna , Jinwala Felecia , Drucker Charles , Liang Willie , Nagarsheth Khanjan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Fasciotomy with resection of nonviable muscle is often necessary when there is a delay in compartment syndrome (CS) diagnosis after revascularization. The reported rate of major amputation following missed CS or delayed fasciotomy ranges from 12% to 35%. Herein, the authors present a series of critically ill patients who experienced delayed CS diagnosis and required complete resection of the anterior and/or lateral compartments but still achieved limb salvage and function.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review identified five patients from April 2018 to April 2019 within a single institution who met the inclusion criteria. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, risk factors, time to diagnosis following revascularization, muscle compartments resected, operative and wound care details, and functional outcome at follow-up.

RESULTS
All of the patients developed CS of the lower extremity following revascularization secondary to acute limb ischemia and required two-incision, four-compartment fasciotomies. Further, they all required serial operative debridements to achieve limb salvage; however, there were no major amputations, and all of the patients were walking at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Delay in CS diagnosis can have devastating consequences, resulting in major amputation. In cases where myonecrosis is isolated to two or fewer compartments, complete compartment muscle resection can be safely performed, and limb preservation and function can be maintained with aggressive wound management and physical therapy.
Characteristics of Injury in Collegiate Rodeo
Authors: Watts Melinda , Bobo Linda , Whitehead Malcolm T. , Dompier Thomas P. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate injury occurrence sustained by collegiate rodeo athletes during practice and competition.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology.

Setting:
Eleven National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association member institutions across the United States.

Participants:
Participants included 264 male and female college rodeo athletes. Athletic trainers (ATs) from each institution reported injury and exposure data using the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program.

Interventions:
Institutional ATs reported athlete exposures (AEs) and injuries that occurred from collegiate rodeo practices and competitions.

Main Outcome Measure:
Injury and AEs from practices and competitions for one college rodeo season were analyzed. Injury rates and ratios were calculated for non-time loss (NTL) and time loss (TL) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Data revealed a higher proportion of TL than NTL injuries [2.47 vs 1.77 per 1000 AE; injury rate ratios (IRRs) = 1.39; 95% CI: 0.93-2.08]. There was a higher injury rate during competition as compared with practice (10.98 vs 3.09 per 1000 AE; IRR = 3.56; 95% CI: 2.36-5.35), but more injuries were reported in practice (62.2%).

Conclusions:
Although the injury rate during rodeo competition was significantly higher than during practice in this study, a greater number of injuries were reported during practice. This indicates all college rodeo athletes can potentially benefit from available medical care.
Hydration Strategies for Physical Activity and Endurance Events at High (>2500 m) Altitude: A Practical Management Article
Authors: Trease Larissa , Singleman Glenn , Windsor Jeremy , Allan Stuart , Albert Edi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
A growing number of adventurous athletes are seeking new challenges through endurance events or physical activities held at high altitude (>2500 m). This coincides with a significant increase in the numbers of trekkers who ascend into the world's mountains. Altitude itself influences and complicates the athlete's effective and safe hydration. This article considers the physiology of adaptation to altitude and the effects on hydration at altitude compared with sea level, reviews the “ad libitum versus programmed hydration” controversy in conventional endurance event hydration, examines the evidence for extrapolation of sea level hydration strategies to the high-altitude environment, and synthesizes these disparate factors into a set of practical recommendations for hydration management during high-altitude physical activity. The guidelines will be relevant to participants of physical activity at altitude and health care staff who may care for them in the preparation or performance phases of their adventure.
Development and Validation of the Chronic Gastritis Scale Under the System of Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases QLICD-CG Based on Classical Test Theory and Generalizability Theory
Authors: Wan Chonghua , Chen Ying , Gao Li , Zhang Qingqing , Li Wu , Quan Peng 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim:
Quality of life (QOL) for patients with chronic gastritis (CG) is of interest worldwide and disease-specific instruments are needed for clinical research and practice. This paper focused on the development and validation of the CG scale under the system of Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases (QLICD-CG) by the modular approach and both classical test theory and generalizability theory.

Methods:
The QLICD-CG was developed based on programmed decision procedures including multiple nominal and focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and quantitative statistical procedures. Based on the data measuring QOL 3 times before and after treatments from 142 inpatients with CG, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated with respect to validity, reliability and responsiveness employing correlation analysis, multi-trait scaling analysis, factor analyses, t tests and also G studies and D studies of generalizability theory analysis.

Results:
Correlation, multi-trait scaling and factor analyses confirmed good construct validity and criterion-related validity when using SF-36 as a criterion. The internal consistency α for all domains were higher than 0.70 except for the social domain (0.62). Test-retest reliability coefficients (Pearson r and intraclass correlations) for the overall score and all domains were higher than 0.80 except for the social domain (0.77), while they were ranging between 0.72 to 0.94 at facets level; The overall score and scores for all domains/facets had statistically significant changes (P<0.01) after treatments except for facets of social effects and sexual function with standardized response mean ranging from 0.04 to 1.03, but from 0.34 to 1.03 for the domain level scores. G-coefficients and index of dependability (Ф coefficients) confirmed the reliability of the scale further with more exact variance components, and decision information on number of items changing.

Conclusions:
The QLICD-CG could be used as a useful instrument in assessing QoL for patients with CG, with good psychometric properties including validity, reliability and responsiveness and also several advantages.