bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative Data for Adult Mandarin-Speaking Populations: A Systematic Review of Performance-Based Neuropsychological Instruments
Authors: Qi Wei (Gabriel) , Sun Xiaoning , Hong Yue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:Normative data are essential for neuropsychological evaluations, but they are scarce for Mandarin-speaking populations, despite Mandarin being the language with the most native speakers. Several normative data studies have been reported in recent years for Mandarin speakers, who reside in different countries/regions (e.g., mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore, etc.). This review aims to serve as a reference guide to appropriate norms when working with a Mandarin-speaking patient and to guide future endeavors in test validation and development in areas where studies to date fall short.Method:We conducted a systematic review utilizing the PsycInfo, PubMed, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases as well as additional literature search through citations. We performed evaluations of the existing norms based on their test selection, cognitive domains covered, sample size, language, regions of participant recruitment, stratification by age/gender/education levels, and reporting of other psychometric properties. We focused on articles that included performance-based tests for adults but excluded those with purely clinical norms or from commercial publishers.Results:We reviewed 1155 articles found through literature search and identified 43 articles reporting normative data for this population that met our inclusion criteria. Sixty-five distinctive tests and 127 versions were covered. The results are presented within two detailed tables organized by articles and tests, respectively.Conclusions:We discussed the strengths and limitations of these normative reports. Practitioners are recommended to utilize normative data that most closely approximate a test-taker’s cultural and demographic backgrounds. Limitations of the current review are also discussed.
Inflection Points on Groundwater Age and Geochemical Profiles Along Wellbores Light up Hierarchically Nested Flow Systems
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Xu‐Sheng , Yin Lihe , Wang Wenke , Love Andrew , Lu Zheng‐Tian , Jiang Wei , Yang Guo‐Min , Xie Yueqing , Wang Xiaoyong , Sun Fangqiang , Tang Xiaoping , Hou Guangcai , Pang Zhonghe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHierarchically nested groundwater flow systems have been widely investigated by numerical modeling and laboratory experiments but seldom recognized from in situ observations and testing. Groundwater age and geochemical profiles were obtained by the authors using a packer system along two wellbores drilled in the Ordos Plateau, China. Groundwater age profiles were constructed from 3H, 85Kr, 14C, and 81Kr data, with the apparent age generally increasing with depth, while exhibiting several inflection points. These inflection points were compared with geochemical profiles and numerical modeling results to delineate groundwater flow systems. Inflection points with significant increases in the gradients of age and Cl− concentration versus depth may indicate interfaces among flow systems. A concurrent decrease‐increase turning of groundwater age and Cl− concentration is influenced by a stagnation point. The groundwater age profiles are quite different from previous studies, indicating that the method can greatly reduce the uncertainty in model construction.
Interplanetary Shock‐Induced Magnetopause Motion: Comparison Between Theory and Global Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Desai R. T. , Freeman M. P. , Eastwood J. P. , Eggington J. W. B. , Archer M. O. , Shprits Y. Y. , Meredith N. P. , Staples F. A. , Rae I. J. , Hietala H. , Mejnertsen L. , Chittenden J. P. , Horne R. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe magnetopause marks the outer edge of the Earth's magnetosphere and a distinct boundary between solar wind and magnetospheric plasma populations. In this study, we use global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to examine the response of the terrestrial magnetopause to fast‐forward interplanetary shocks of various strengths and compare to theoretical predictions. The theory and simulations indicate the magnetopause response can be characterized by three distinct phases; an initial acceleration as inertial forces are overcome, a rapid compressive phase comprising the majority of the distance traveled, and large‐scale damped oscillations with amplitudes of the order of an Earth radius. The two approaches agree in predicting subsolar magnetopause oscillations with frequencies 2–13 mHz but the simulations notably predict larger amplitudes and weaker damping rates. This phenomenon is of high relevance to space weather forecasting and provides a possible explanation for magnetopause oscillations observed following the large interplanetary shocks of August 1972 and March 1991.
Ongoing Landslide Deformation in Thawing Permafrost
Authors: Patton A. I. , Rathburn S. L. , Capps D. M. , McGrath D. , Brown R. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThawing permafrost influences landslide initiation, but observation of landslide development in thawing permafrost is limited. To evaluate the impact of landslide age, morphology, and permafrost conditions, we quantified topographic deformation of three shallow‐angle, thaw‐initiated landslides in discontinuous permafrost in Alaska. Two of the landslides initiated <3 years ago and the third initiated 20–50 years ago. The two recent landslides are still mobile, with maximum elevation loss of 0.8 ± 0.04 and 1.0 ± 0.08 m over the study period. At one site, shallow permafrost (<2.3 m) is present at 0.4–1.9 m depth adjacent to the landslide but not within the landslide. The lack of shallow permafrost within the slide indicates that permafrost has thawed faster within the landslide because ground surface disturbance increased heat flux to the subsurface. We propose that a positive feedback between permafrost thaw and landslide development exists. Climate warming will accelerate loss of permafrost in recent landslides.
Invigoration or Enervation of Convective Clouds by Aerosols?
Authors: Igel Adele L. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAre convective clouds strengthened by the addition of aerosol particles? We present new theoretical calculations which starkly contrast previous results. Prior foundational work suggested that aerosols strongly invigorate convective cloud updrafts via changes to cold‐phase processes. We show that the peak magnitude of invigoration by this mechanism is substantially reduced for cold‐based storms. For warm‐based storms, the updrafts are weakened, not strengthened, by aerosol‐induced changes to cold‐phase processes. Our calculations show that if invigoration occurs, it is driven primarily by changes to warm‐phase processes and may be largest well before the storm reaches maturity. The calculations are based on a new formulation of the moist adiabatic lapse rate that accounts for freezing, supersaturation, and condensate loading. The results significantly reshape our understanding of the impact of aerosols on convective updrafts.
Simultaneous Observations and Combined Effects of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves and Magnetosonic Waves
Authors: Teng S. , Ma Q. , Tao X. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnetosonic (MS) waves and Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important plasma waves in the magnetosphere. Using the Van Allen Probes observations from 2012 to 2017, we constructed the global distribution of simultaneous occurrence of MS and EMIC waves. We found a total of 214 events and the waves distribute from the noon sector to the duskside. Furthermore, we quantitatively analyze the combined effects of both waves on protons and electrons by calculating the particle diffusion coefficients and 2‐D Fokker‐Planck diffusion simulations. The simulation results show the combined effects of MS and EMIC waves. High‐frequency EMIC waves and intense MS waves at low proton harmonics are essential for the enhanced proton acceleration at several hundred eV and enhanced electron loss at several MeV. Our results provide new sights into understanding the distribution of MS and EMIC waves and evaluating their combined effects on the evolution of energetic particles.
Quantifying Relative Contributions of Light‐Absorbing Particles From Domestic and Foreign Sources on Snow Melt at Sapporo, Japan During the 2011–2012 Winter
Authors: Niwano M. , Kajino M. , Kajikawa T. , Aoki T. , Kodama Y. , Tanikawa T. , Matoba S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDepositions of light‐absorbing particles (LAPs), such as black carbon (BC) and dust, on the snow surface modulate the snow albedo; therefore, they are considered key factors of snow‐atmosphere interaction in the present‐day climate system. However, their detailed roles have not yet been fully elucidated, mainly due to the lack of in‐situ measurements. Here, we develop a new model chain NHM‐Chem‐SMAP, which is composed of a detailed regional meteorology‐chemistry model and a multilayered physical snowpack model, and evaluate it using LAPs concentrations data measured at Sapporo, Japan during the 2011–2012 winter. NHM‐Chem‐SMAP successfully reproduces the in‐situ measured seasonal variations in the mass concentrations of BC and dust in the surface snowpack. Furthermore, we find that LAPs from domestic and foreign sources played a role in shortening the snow cover duration by 5 and 10 days, respectively, compared to the completely pure snow condition.
Quantifying the Effect of Precipitation on Landslide Hazard in Urbanized and Non‐Urbanized Areas
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth C. , Davenport Frances V. , Wang Lijing , Caers Jef K. , Muthukrishnan Suresh , Burke Marshall , Diffenbaugh Noah S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough most landslides are precipitation‐triggered, a number of other complex conditions simultaneously predispose any given slope to failure, with the impact of urbanization posing particular scientific challenges. We use panel regression with fixed effects—which controls for observed and unobserved time‐variant and time‐invariant influences—to quantify the effect of precipitation accumulation on landslide concentration across the Pacific Coast region of the United States. We find that landslide hazard is most sensitive to precipitation variations in urbanized areas. This finding is robust across 1‐day, 10‐day, and 30‐day periods of precipitation accumulation, among individual Pacific Coast states, and when the analysis is confined to the San Francisco Bay Area (a subregion with both urban and rural areas). Our results corroborate existing hypotheses that urbanization increases landslide hazard, while demonstrating the importance of considering interactions with urbanization when predicting landslide hazard in the current climate, and under climate change scenarios.
Weakened Antarctic Dipole Under Global Warming in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Li Shujun , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic dipole (ADP) depicts the leading mode of interannual variability over the Antarctic region in both sea ice and surface air temperature (SAT) fields. The ADP is superimposed on the long‐term climatic trends, modulating the response of the mean climate to external forcing by modifying the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The response of the ADP to greenhouse warming is unknown. Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models that capture main characteristics of the ADP, we find a robust reduction in variability of ADP under greenhouse warming. The warming‐induced sea ice loss limits the magnitude of ADP SAT variability through surface albedo feedback. The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) are two main triggering mechanisms of the ADP on interannual time scale. In a warmer climate, decreased variability of the SAM contributes to weakened ADP but increased ENSO variability plays an offsetting role.
Revisiting the Ocean Color Algorithms for Particulate Organic Carbon and Chlorophyll‐a Concentrations in the Ross Sea
Authors: Chen Shuangling , Smith Walker O. , Yu Xiaolei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Ross Sea is the most productive marginal sea in the Southern Ocean and plays an important role in carbon cycling. However, limited sampling of Chlorophyll‐a (Chl) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations from research expeditions constrains our understanding of the biogeochemical processes there. Satellites provide a useful tool for synoptic mapping of surface water properties on regional and global scales, yet the general applicability of the published algorithms in the Ross Sea is poorly known. Based on the data collected from 18 cruises in the past 20 years, we analyzed both the NASA standard and locally developed Chl and POC algorithms applicable to the Ross Sea. Our results show that Chl and POC are markedly underestimated using the NASA standard algorithms, with root mean square difference (RMSD) of 4.72 mg m−3 and 218.0 mg m−3, and mean bias of −3.48 mg m−3 and −159.1 mg m−3, for a wide range of Chl (0.42–16.3 mg m−3) and POC (46.8–812 mg m−3). Similar poor performances were also found for other algorithms applicable in the Ross Sea. We locally tuned both Chl and POC algorithms, and found that the Rrs667‐based approach showed the most robust performances in retrieving both Chl and POC, with improved RMSD of 2.86 mg m−3 and 129.7 mg m−3, and limited biases. Our results show that the algal bloom signals in the Ross Sea in terms of Chl and POC are significantly greater than previously determined. More field observations will further constrain the locally tuned algorithms.
Telocytes promote hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the ERK signaling pathway and miR-942-3p/MMP9 axis
Authors: Xu Ying , Tian Hu , Luan Chao Guang , Sun Kai , Bao Peng Jin , Zhang Hua Yu , Zhang Nan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn China, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, frequent metastasis, and a high relapse rate. Telocytes (TCs) participate in tumorigenic, invasive, and migratory processes by secreting functional proteins and transmitting cell-to-cell information, but their functions in HCC are still unknown. TC counts and MMP9 expression in liver cancer tissues were measured using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-PCR. Primary TCs from liver para-cancer tissues were cultured in vitro. To verify the role of TCs in HCC, a metastatic cancer animal model was established using three types of liver cancer cell lines in vivo. TCs promoted HCC cell metastasis by MMP9 expression in vitro and in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha (PDGF-α), secreted by HCC cells, activated the Ras/ERK signaling pathway in TCs, thereby increasing MMP9 expression; Moreover, miR-942-3p suppressed MMP9 expression in TCs. Our results reveal the role of TCs in HCC and the mechanisms by which they elicit their effects, and they may serve as novel prognostic markers for HCC.
4D-imaging of drip-line radioactivity by detecting proton emission from 54mNi pictured with ACTAR TPC
Authors: Giovinazzo J. , Roger T. , Blank B. , Rudolph D. , Brown B. A. , Alvarez-Pol H. , Arokia Raj A. , Ascher P. , Caamaño-Fresco M. , Caceres L. , Cox D. M. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Lois-Fuentes J. , Gerbaux M. , Grévy S. , Grinyer G. F. , Kamalou O. , Mauss B. , Mentana A. , Pancin J. , Pibernat J. , Piot J. , Sorlin O. , Stodel C. , Thomas J.-C. , Versteegen M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProton radioactivity was discovered exactly 50 years ago. First, this nuclear decay mode sets the limit of existence on the nuclear landscape on the neutron-deficient side. Second, it comprises fundamental aspects of both quantum tunnelling as well as the coupling of (quasi)bound quantum states with the continuum in mesoscopic systems such as the atomic nucleus. Theoretical approaches can start either from bound-state nuclear shell-model theory or from resonance scattering. Thus, proton-radioactivity guides merging these types of theoretical approaches, which is of broader relevance for any few-body quantum system. Here, we report experimental measurements of proton-emission branches from an isomeric state in 54mNi, which were visualized in four dimensions in a newly developed detector. We show that these decays, which carry an unusually high angular momentum, ℓ = 5 and ℓ = 7, respectively, can be approximated theoretically with a potential model for the proton barrier penetration and a shell-model calculation for the overlap of the initial and final wave functions.
A microRNA program regulates the balance between cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and stimulates cardiac regeneration
Authors: Raso Andrea , Dirkx Ellen , Sampaio-Pinto Vasco , el Azzouzi Hamid , Cubero Ryan J. , Sorensen Daniel W. , Ottaviani Lara , Olieslagers Servé , Huibers Manon M. , de Weger Roel , Siddiqi Sailay , Moimas Silvia , Torrini Consuelo , Zentillin Lorena , Braga Luca , Nascimento Diana S. , da Costa Martins Paula A. , van Berlo Jop H. , Zacchigna Serena , Giacca Mauro , De Windt Leon J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMyocardial regeneration is restricted to early postnatal life, when mammalian cardiomyocytes still retain the ability to proliferate. The molecular cues that induce cell cycle arrest of neonatal cardiomyocytes towards terminally differentiated adult heart muscle cells remain obscure. Here we report that the miR-106b~25 cluster is higher expressed in the early postnatal myocardium and decreases in expression towards adulthood, especially under conditions of overload, and orchestrates the transition of cardiomyocyte hyperplasia towards cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy by virtue of its targetome. In line, gene delivery of miR-106b~25 to the mouse heart provokes cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting a network of negative cell cycle regulators including E2f5, Cdkn1c, Ccne1 and Wee1. Conversely, gene-targeted miR-106b~25 null mice display spontaneous hypertrophic remodeling and exaggerated remodeling to overload by derepression of the prohypertrophic transcription factors Hand2 and Mef2d. Taking advantage of the regulatory function of miR-106b~25 on cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, viral gene delivery of miR-106b~25 provokes nearly complete regeneration of the adult myocardium after ischemic injury. Our data demonstrate that exploitation of conserved molecular programs can enhance the regenerative capacity of the injured heart.
Reactive pathways toward parasitic release of singlet oxygen in metal-air batteries
Authors: Pierini Adriano , Brutti Sergio , Bodo Enrico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe superoxide disproportionation reaction is a key step in the chemistry of aprotic metal oxygen batteries that controls the peroxide formation upon discharge and opens the way for singlet oxygen release. Here we clarify the energy landscape of the disproportionation of superoxide in aprotic media catalyzed by group 1A cations. Our analysis is based on ab initio multireference computational methods and unveils the competition between the expected reactive path leading to peroxide and an unexpected reaction channel that involves the reduction of the alkaline ion. Both channels lead to the release of triplet and singlet O2. The existence of this reduction channel not only facilitates singlet oxygen release but leads to a reactive neutral solvated species that can onset parasitic chemistries due to their well-known reducing properties. Overall, we show that the application of moderate overpotentials makes both these channels accessible in aprotic batteries.
Direct roll transfer printed silicon nanoribbon arrays based high-performance flexible electronics
Authors: Zumeit Ayoub , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransfer printing of high mobility inorganic nanostructures, using an elastomeric transfer stamp, is a potential route for high-performance printed electronics. Using this method to transfer nanostructures with high yield, uniformity and excellent registration over large area remain a challenge. Herein, we present the ‘direct roll transfer’ as a single-step process, i.e., without using any elastomeric stamp, to print nanoribbons (NRs) on different substrates with excellent registration (retaining spacing, orientation, etc.) and transfer yield (∼95%). The silicon NR based field-effect transistors printed using direct roll transfer consistently show high performance i.e., high on-state current (Ion) >1 mA, high mobility (μeff) >600 cm2/Vs, high on/off ratio (Ion/off) of around 106, and low hysteresis (<0.4 V). The developed versatile and transformative method can also print nanostructures based on other materials such as GaAs and thus could pave the way for direct printing of high-performance electronics on large-area flexible substrates.
From hidden metal-insulator transition to Planckian-like dissipation by tuning the oxygen content in a nickelate
Authors: Guo Qikai , Noheda Beatriz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeavily oxygen-deficient NdNiO3 (NNO) films, which are insulating due to electron localization, contain pristine regions that undergo a hidden metal-insulator transition. Increasing oxygen content increases the connectivity of the metallic regions and the metal-insulator transition is first revealed, upon reaching the percolation threshold, by the presence of hysteresis. Only upon further oxygenation is the global metallic state (with a change in the resistivity slope) eventually achieved. It is shown that sufficient oxygenation leads to linear temperature dependence of resistivity in the metallic state, with a scattering rate directly proportional to temperature. Despite the known difficulties to establish the proportionality constant, the experiments are consistent with a relationship 1/τ = αkBT/ℏ, with α not far from unity. These results could provide experimental support for recent theoretical predictions of disorder in a two-fluid model as a possible origin of Planckian dissipation.
Network organisation and the dynamics of tubules in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Perkins Hannah T. , Allan Victoria J. , Waigh Thomas A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a eukaryotic subcellular organelle composed of tubules and sheet-like areas of membrane connected at junctions. The tubule network is highly dynamic and undergoes rapid and continual rearrangement. There are currently few tools to evaluate network organisation and dynamics. We quantified ER network organisation in Vero and MRC5 cells, and developed an analysis workflow for dynamics of established tubules in live cells. The persistence length, tubule length, junction coordination number and angles of the network were quantified. Hallmarks of imbalances in ER tension, indications of interactions with microtubules and other subcellular organelles, and active dynamics were observed. Clear differences in dynamic behaviour were observed for established tubules at different positions within the cell using itemset mining. We found that tubules with activity-driven fluctuations were more likely to be located away from the cell periphery and a population of peripheral tubules with no signs of active motion was found.