bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les lymphocytes T CD4+ jouent un rôle majeur dans la réponse immunitaire antitumorale
Authors: Leclair Lucie , Depil Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Cette année encore, dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec médecine/sciences, les étudiants de l’unité d’enseignement « Immunologie, virologie et cancer », dirigée par le Dr Julien Marie, au sein du Master Cancer (Université Lyon 1/VetAgroSup), présentent une analyse d’articles scientifiques récents faisant état d’observations innovantes et importantes. Ce travail de M1 a été encadré par des chercheurs immunologistes et virologistes du Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon. Le master de cancérologie de Lyon est une formation dite d’excellence, qui accueille chaque année 30 à 40 étudiants en M1 et en M2. Ce master assure aux étudiants de M1 une formation à la cancérologie reposant sur un socle de base commun. En M2, les étudiants peuvent choisir l’une des trois spécialités suivantes : « Recherche en cancérologie », « Technologie haut débit en cancérologie » ou « Innovations thérapeutiques en cancérologie ». Créé en 2013, le Master de cancérologie de Lyon repose sur une forte implication des chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs du laboratoire d’excellence (LabEx DEV2CAN), ainsi que sur un partenariat solide avec des laboratoires académiques situés à Oxford, Bruxelles, Tokyo, Boston, New York, San Diego, etc.
Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China
Authors: Tang Huan , Ye Yonggang , Kang Runmin , Yu Jifeng , Cao Ye 
Published: June 2021

Giardia duodenalis is an important parasite with veterinary and public health significance worldwide. The presence and zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis have previously been reported in rabbits. In this study, to understand the infection status of G. duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province, a total of 537 fecal samples were collected from two breeds of rabbits in four age groups (<30 days, 31–90 days, 91–200 days and >200 days) from four geographical origins (Fengxiang, Yangling, Tongchuan, and Shanyang). The presence of G. duodenalis in these samples was assessed using molecular assays based on beta-giardin (bg). The glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) loci were then amplified in the bg-positive samples for multi-locus genotype (MLG) analysis. The total prevalence of G. duodenalis in these rabbits was 3.54% (19/537). Giardia duodenalis infection was found in both breeds of rabbits, and in all farms and age groups, but with no statistically significant differences related to these factors (p > 0.05). Two assemblages, including B and E, were identified, with the former the predominant assemblage detected in both breeds, and in all age groups and farms. Sequence analysis revealed 2 (named as rbg1-2), 1 (named as rtpi1), and 2 (named as rgdh1-2) haplotypes at the gene loci of bg, tpi, and gdh, respectively, forming a multilocus genotype (MLG) of assemblage B (rbg1, rtpi1, and rgdh1). These findings reveal the significant zoonotic potential and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in rabbits in Shaanxi Province, PR China.
Surgical Site Infection after Cesarean Delivery in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Antonello Vicente Sperb , Dallé Jessica , Antonello Ivan Carlos Ferreira , Benzano Daniela , Ramos Mauro Cunha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective To analyze effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of personal protective equipment and products (PPEP), as well as the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) among non-COVID-19 patients submitted to cesarean sections.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a maternity unity of a public teaching hospital which was not part of the reference service for COVID-19 treatment. It compared PPEP consumption and the occurrence of SSI after cesarean sections in monthly periods before and after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19 in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Personal protective equipment and products consumption was measured as units of masks, gloves, gowns, and caps, and use of alcohol-based products or soap for hand sanitation as ml/patient/day. The SSI index was calculated as the proportion of cases of SSI over the number of cesarean sections performed monthly during the study period.
Results There was an increase in all measured items of PPEP, with consumption of disposable masks with a median of 1,450 units in the pre-COVID period, and of 2550 in the post-COVID period (a 75.9% increase). A decrease of 49% in SSI was detected, with a median of 1.74 in the pre-COVID period and of 0.89 in the post-COVID period.
Conclusion The increase in consumption of PPEP could be a result of safer practices adopted by healthcare workers with the advent of COVID-19, of which the following reduction in the occurrence of SSI could be a direct consequence. Despite the severity of the crisis, one could state that extreme situations can lead to valuable reflections and opportunities for improvement.
Clinical Features and Maternal-fetal Results of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Times
Authors: Godoi Ana Paula Nogueira , Bernardes Gilcelia Correia Santos , Nogueira Leilismara Sousa , Alpoim Patrícia Nessralla , Pinheiro Melina de Barros 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period.
Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2.
Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission.
Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.
Placental Sampling for Understanding Viral Infections — A Simplified Protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nobrega Guilherme de Moraes , Guida José Paulo Siqueira , Japecanga Rodolfo Rosa , Antolini-Tavares Arthur , Mysorekar Indira , Costa Maria Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impact of the disease among the obstetric population remains unclear, and the study of the placenta can provide valuable information. Adequate sampling of the placental tissue can help characterize the pathways of viral infections.
Methods A protocol of placental sampling is proposed, aiming at guaranteeing representativity of the placenta and describing the adequate conservation of samples and their integrity for future analysis. The protocol is presented in its complete and simplified versions, allowing its implementation in different complexity settings.
Results Sampling with the minimum possible interval from childbirth is the key for adequate sampling and storage. This protocol has already been implemented during the Zika virus outbreak.
Conclusion A protocol for adequate sampling and storage of placental tissue is fundamental for adequate evaluation of viral infections on the placenta. During the COVID-19 pandemic, implementation of this protocol may help to elucidate critical aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Gynecological/Obstetric Background and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study in Brazilian Patients
Authors: Cavalcante Anauá Fernanda dos Santos , Martin Patrícia , Skare Thelma Larocca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective To study a sample of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients for their gynecological/obstetric history and compare them to controls to determine their influences on number of pregnancies, menarche, menopause and reproductive years following RA onset.
Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 122 RA patients and 126 controls. Patients and controls were questioned about age of menarche, age of menopause, number of pregnancies and abortions. Reproductive years were calculated as the difference between age at menopause and age at menarche. For comparison, we used the Mann-Whitney, unpaired t, chi-squared, and Spearman tests. The adopted significance was 5%.
Results In the RA patients with disease beginning in the postmenopausal years, the period of reproductive years (age at menopause – age of menarche) showed a positive correlation with age at disease onset (rho = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20–0.55 with p = 0.0008). The number of pregnancies was higher in patients with postmenopausal disease onset when compared with those with premenopausal disease onset (median of 3 with interquartile range [IQR] = 2–4 versus median of 2 with IQR = 1–3; p = 0.009), and RA patients had more pregnancies than controls (p = 0.0002).
Conclusion The present study shows that, in our population, the duration of reproductive years and the number of pregnancies are linked to the onset of RA.
The Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S)
Authors: Coelho Alexandra Ruivo , Cardoso Gonçalo , Brito Marta Espanhol , Gomes Inês Neves , Cascais Maria João 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a healthy athlete, the caloric intake is sufficient for sports energy needs and body physiological functions, allowing a balance between energy availability, bone metabolism, and menstrual cycle. On the other hand, an imbalance caused by low energy availability due to a restrictive diet, eating disorders or long periods of energy expenditure leads to multisystemic deregulation favoring the essential functions of the body. This phenomenon, described as the female athlete triad, occurs in a considerable percentage of high-performance athletes, with harmful consequences for their future. The present review was carried out based on a critical analysis of the most recent publications available and aims to provide a global perception of the topic relative energy deficit in sport (RED-S). The objective is to promote the acquisition of more consolidated knowledge on an undervalued theme, enabling the acquisition of preventive strategies, early diagnosis and/or appropriate treatment.
Interventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shimada Bruna Mayumi Omori , Santos Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos , Cabral Mayara Alvares , Silva Vanessa Oliveira , Vagetti Gislaine Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective To investigate in the literature the studies on the benefits of music therapy interventions among pregnant women in the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods.
Data Sources The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: VHL, LILACS, SciELO, Portal CAPES, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed/Medline, and journals specialized in this field: Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia (“Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy”) and Voices.
Study Selection Descriptors in Portuguese (musicoterapia, gravidez, gestantes, revisão), English (music therapy, pregnancy, pregnant women, review) and Spanish (musicoterapia, embarazo, mujeres embarazadas, revisión) were used. The search was delimited between January 2009 and June 2019. The process of selection and evaluation of the articles was performed through peer review.
Data Collection The following data were extracted: article title, year of publication, journal, author(s), database, country and date of collection, purpose of the study, sample size, type of care, intervention, instruments used, results, and conclusion. The data were organized in chronological order based on the year of publication of the study.
Summary of the Data In total, 146 articles were identified, and only 23 studies were included in this systematic review. The articles found indicate among their results relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety, psychosocial stress and depression, decreased pain, increase in the maternal bond, improvement in the quality of sleep, control of the fetal heart rate and maternal blood pressure, and decreased intake of drugs in the postoperative period.
Conclusion Music therapy during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods can provide benefits to pregnant women and newborns, thus justifying its importance in this field.
In search of relevance: European political scientists and the public sphere in critical times
Authors: Real-Dato José , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial relevance has become a key element to assess the social legitimacy of an academic discipline. This contrasts with a widespread sentiment among political scientists about the existence of a relevance gap. The context of multiple crises Europe has experienced since the late 2000s has provided political scientists with a multitude of opportunities to demonstrate the social relevance of their work and the usefulness of the discipline. This introductory article to the special issue aims to offer an explorative framework and a preliminary discussion of empirical examples to assess the phenomenon of political scientists’ relevance in the public sphere during recent turbulent times. The framework (which emphasises three basic dimensions of social relevance – partisanship, visibility, and impact) is used to interpret the main results of the five case studies included in the special issue. Results show that contextual factors (salience of the issue, political and media contexts) influence political scientists’ engagement in the public sphere, the role they adopt and their visibility. The article ends emphasising the importance of collective action within the discipline as an instrument to enhance its social relevance.
Walrasian equilibrium behavior in nature
Authors: Loch-Temzelides Ted 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceMutualisms are commonly observed ecological interactions, often involving the exchange of resources across species. Such exchanges can be thought of as biological markets. Biologists modeling these markets often employ an informal mix of economics and game-theoretic concepts. A fundamental question is whether exchange in biological markets is consistent with general economic equilibrium theory (GET), the main paradigm used to study exchange in economics. This paper uses data from biological experiments to demonstrate that the trading behavior of mycorrhizal fungi is consistent with the predictions of GET. The large volume of knowledge in GET might result in new insights about biological exchange. In turn, experimental findings in biology can lead to a new field of application for GET.
Dysregulated copper transport in multiple sclerosis may cause demyelination via astrocytes
Authors: Colombo Emanuela , Triolo Daniela , Bassani Claudia , Bedogni Francesco , Di Dario Marco , Dina Giorgia , Fredrickx Evelien , Fermo Isabella , Martinelli Vittorio , Newcombe Jia , Taveggia Carla , Quattrini Angelo , Comi Giancarlo , Farina Cinthia 
Published: June 2021

Significance
This study describes an astrocyte-dependent mechanism contributing to CNS demyelination. The key molecular and functional checkpoint is the neurotrophin receptor TrkB, whose ligands are absent in chronic demyelinated MS lesions. Here, we show that TrkB can be transactivated by inflammatory and toxic signals and is critical for the generation of glial calcium flux and the up-regulation of the copper transporter CTR1. This process enhances copper distribution by the astrocyte, thereby fostering myelin and oligodendrocyte loss.
IgA potentiates NETosis in response to viral infection
Authors: Stacey Hannah D. , Golubeva Diana , Posca Alyssa , Ang Jann C. , Novakowski Kyle E. , Zahoor Muhammad Atif , Kaushic Charu , Cairns Ewa , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Mullarkey Caitlin E. , Miller Matthew S. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
IgA antibodies are enriched at mucosal surfaces and play an important role in host defense against viral pathogens. In addition to neutralizing viruses directly, antibodies can also engage specific receptors (Fc receptors) expressed on various immune-cell subsets to stimulate antimicrobial activities. While IgG Fc-mediated effector functions are known to mediate important antiviral activities, if and how IgA-mediated Fc-effector functions influence viral infections remains poorly understood. Here, we show that IgA–virus immune complexes stimulate neutrophils to undergo NETosis, a specific type of programmed cell death that results in release of chromatin studded with antimicrobial effector proteins. These neutrophil extracellular traps trap and inactivate viruses but can also have pathogenic consequences when poorly regulated.
Antigenic waves of virus–immune coevolution
Authors: Marchi Jacopo , Lässig Michael , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Mora Thierry 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Viruses, such as influenza, evolve under the selection of host immune systems. Previously infected individuals become immune, forcing the virus to find susceptible hosts or mutate, chasing it away in antigenic space. We formulate this viral escape process in terms of a low-dimensional wave moving in antigenic space. The dimensionality of the antigenic space impacts the persistence, as well as stability, of viral evolution. We uncover a characteristic timescale for the persistence of the viral strain, which is an order of magnitude longer than individual host immunity and emerges collectively from the pressure of the chasing immune systems. These results offer intuition about the antigenic turnover of viruses and highlight the importance of the effective dimensionality of coevolution.
Metastability phenomena in two-dimensional rectangular lattices with nearest-neighbour interaction
Authors: Gallone M , Pasquali S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study analytically the dynamics of two-dimensional rectangular lattices with periodic boundary conditions. We consider anisotropic initial data supported on one low-frequency Fourier mode. We show that, in the continuous approximation, the resonant normal form of the system is given by integrable PDEs. We exploit the normal form in order to prove the existence of metastability phenomena for the lattices. More precisely, we show that the energy spectrum of the normal modes attains a distribution in which the energy is shared among a packet of low-frequencies modes; such distribution remains unchanged up to the time-scale of validity of the continuous approximation.
Coupled activity-current fluctuations in open quantum systems under strong symmetries
Authors: Manzano D , Martínez-García M A , Hurtado P I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Strong symmetries in open quantum systems lead to broken ergodicity and the emergence of multiple degenerate steady states. From a quantum jump (trajectory) perspective, the appearance of multiple steady states is related to underlying dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) at the fluctuating level, leading to a dynamical coexistence of different transport channels classified by symmetry. In this paper we investigate how strong symmetries affect both the transport properties and the activity patterns of a particular class of Markovian open quantum system, a three-qubit model under the action of a magnetic field and in contact with a thermal bath. We find a pair of twin DPTs in exciton current statistics, induced by the strong symmetry and related by time reversibility, where a zero-current exchange-antisymmetric phase coexists with a symmetric phase of negative exciton current. On the other hand, the activity statistics exhibits a single DPT where the symmetric and antisymmetric phases of different but nonzero activities dynamically coexists. Interestingly, the maximum current and maximum activity phases do not coincide for this three-qubits system. We also investigate how symmetries are reflected in the joint large deviation statistics of the activity and the current, a central issue in the characterization of the complex quantum jump dynamics. The presence of a strong symmetry under nonequilibrium conditions implies non-analyticities in the dynamical free energy in the dual activity-current plane (or equivalently in the joint activity-current large deviation function), including an activity-driven current lockdown phase for activities below some critical threshold. Remarkably, the DPT predicted around the steady state and its Gallavotti–Cohen twin dual are extended into lines of first-order DPTs in the current-activity plane, with a nontrivial structure which depends on the transport and activity properties of each of the symmetry phases. Finally, we also study the effect of a symmetry-breaking, ergodicity-restoring dephasing channel on the coupled activity-current statistics for this model. Interestingly, we observe that while this dephasing noise destroys the symmetry-induced DPTs, the underlying topological symmetry leaves a dynamical fingerprint in the form of an intermittent, bursty on/off dynamics between the different symmetry sectors.
Supernova neutrino fluxes in HALO-1kT,
Super-Kamiokande, and JUNO
Authors: Gallo Rosso A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

When the next galactic core-collapse supernova
occurs, we must be ready to obtain as much
information as possible. Although many present and
future detectors are well equipped to detect
νe and νx neutrinos, the detection of the
νe species presents the biggest challenges. We
assess the impact that a 1 ktonne
lead-based detector, such as HALO-1kT, can have in
constraining electron neutrino time-integrated
fluxes. The study involves the detector taken alone
as well as when combined with massive
νe-sensitive detectors such as Super-Kamiokande
and JUNO. We find that HALO-1kT alone is not
able to strongly constrain the emission parameters.
When combined with other detectors, however, the
orthogonal information might be helpful in
improving the νe total emitted energy and mean
energy accuracy, up to about 50%, if no other
νe-sensitive channel is implemented. A
discussion on the reconstruction of νe and
νx species, as well as the total emitted
energy, is also presented.