bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mito-nuclear selection induces a trade-off between species ecological dominance and evolutionary lifespan
Authors: Princepe Debora , Aguiar Marcus , Plotkin Joshua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Micro-evolutionary processes acting in populations and communities ultimately produce macro-evolutionary patterns. However, current models of species life histories -- including processes of speciation, persistence, hybridization, and eventual extinction -- rarely connect these two time scales. This leaves us with a limited theoretical understanding of the subtleties of diversification, such as the relationship between species abundance in an ecological community and species longevity over evolutionary time, or the impact of selection on patterns of speciation and extinction when structuring an ecological community. Here we present a model for evolution in spatially extended populations with a focus on selection for mito-nuclear compatibility. We find that mito-nuclear selection acting at the individual level decreases genetic variability among species in a radiation, reducing the total number of species and skewing species abundances distributions towards mono-dominance. Also, intraspecific diversity increases as species become more abundant, leading to frequent evolutionary branching that reduces species lifetimes. The equilibrium of such communities is characterized by high rates of speciation, extinction, and hybridization, i.e., high turnover rate. These theoretical results are in concordance with empirical patterns of diversity across latitudinal gradients. Model predictions in the absence of mito-nuclear selection resemble the tropics, with high biodiversity, old species, and low speciation and extinction rates. Whereas model predictions under strong selection, which we expect in the harsh environments of temperate zones, produce fewer species and elevated recent speciation rates.
Increases of Temperature Response for CO2 Emission in a Biochar-Amended Vegetable Field Soil
Authors: Huang Rong , Wang Zifang , Xiao Yi , Yu Luo , Gao Xuesong , Wang Changquan , Li Bing , Tao Qi , Xu Qiang , Gao Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To explore the effects of biochar application on CO2 and CH4 emission as well as the temperature response of CO2 emission, an one-year experiment was conducted with three treatments (Control; CF, chemical fertilizer only; BCF, biochar combined with chemical fertilizer) in a vegetable field. Results shown that (1) compared with CF, short-term application of biochar significantly enhancing the cumulative CO2 emission by 27.5% from soil-plant system, via increasing the soil microbial biomass (e.g., MBC) and C substrates (e.g., SOC). (2) A lowest emission of CH4 was observed in BCF treatment, and an increase CH4 consumption and reduce competition with NH4+ may be responsible for the significant reduction in CH4 source strength in biochar amended soil. (3) Activation energy (Ea) was identified as an important factor influencing the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of CO2 emission. Fertilization (CF and BCF) reduced the average Q10 and Ea values of CO2 emission by 9.0-26.7% and 23.5-10.1%, relative to the control, respectively. Besides, the average of Ea value in BCF treatment (51.9 KJ mol-1) was significantly higher than those in control and CF treatment. The increase in Q10 and Ea values following biochar application possibly contributed to the supplement of limit labile C and nutrient but highly resistant C following biochar application. Soil pH and crop cultivation may play key roles in influencing the change of Ea. Our study concludes that biochar amendment increased CO2 emission and temperature response of CO2 emission from soil-plant system, while reduced CH4 emission.
A qualitative exploration of attitudes to walking in the retirement life change
Authors: Searle Aidan , Herbert Georgia , Ness Andy , Foster Charlie , Waylen Andrea , Jago Russell 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Walking is a simple activity that could help to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases in all populations. Furthermore, an inverse dose-response relationship exists between steps taken and risk of premature death and cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older adults. There is a lack of information on how to effectively engage older adults around retirement age in walking. This qualitative study explored attitudes towards walking in older people with regard to habits, intensity, preferences and strategies for increasing walking behaviour.
Methods
In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 older adults who were either close to retirement or recently retired. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted.
Results
Three themes were identified from the data; 1) Engagement and perceived value of walking; was focused on the meaning of walking for the participant and the attributes they associate with their walking practice. 2) Integration and connectivity of walking; was focused on how participants integrate walking in their daily lives and whether walking can be practiced as a viable means of connectivity. 3) Strategies to increase walking; was focused on what factors motivate participants in their walking practice and what strategies they perceived to be beneficial to increase walking distance and intensity at an individual level.
Discussion
The views of walking in people of retirement age were represented within 3 key themes. The factors contained in these themes that may influence future walking practice are discussed with regard to future strategies to promote walking in the retirement life change.
Conclusion
It may be beneficial to promote qualitative aspects of walking practice and strive for regularity rather than intensity of walking to accrue the social, psychological and intellectual benefits reported by individuals in the retirement life change.
Characteristics and Co-Admissions of Mothers and Babies Admitted to Residential Parenting Services in the Year Following Birth in NSW: A Linked Population Data Study (2000-2012).
Authors: Dahlen Hannah , Schmied Virginia , Fowler Cathrine , Peters Lilian , Ormsby Simone , Thornton Charlene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

There is a tiered healthcare system in Australia to support maternal and child health, including, non-psychiatric day stay and residential parenting services (RPS) such as Tresillian and Karitane (in New South Wales [NSW]). RPS are unique to Australia, and currently there is limited information regarding the healthcare trajectory of women accessing RPS and if they are more likely to have admissions to other health facilities within the first-year post-birth. This study aimed to examine differences in hospital co-admissions for women and babies admitted to RPS in NSW in the year following birth compared to non-RPS admitted women.
Methods

A linked population data study of all women giving birth in NSW 2000-2012. Statistical differences were calculated using chi-square and student t-tests.
Results

In total 32 071 women and 33 035 babies were admitted to RPS with 5191 RPS women also having one or more hospital admissions (7607 admissions). There were 99 242 women not admitted to RPS but having hospital admissions (136 771 admissions). Women admitted to RPS who had a co-admission to a hospital were significantly more likely to be older, admitted as a private patient, born in Australia, having their first baby and be socially advantaged (p≤.001) compared to non-RPS admitted women also having a hospital admission. They also experienced more labour and birth interventions (induction, instrumental birth, caesarean section, epidural, episiotomy), and were more likely to have multiple births, a male infant and babies admitted to Special Care Nursery/Neonatal Intensive Care (p≤.001). Additionally, these women were more likely to have another admission for mental health and behavioural disorders (p≤.001), and this appeared to increase over time. There was no between cohort differences regarding the number of women admitted to a psychiatric facility; however, women attending RPS were more likely to have mood affective, or behavioural and personality disorder diagnoses.
Conclusion

Women accessing RPS in the year post-birth were more socially advantaged, had higher birth intervention and more co-admissions and treatment for mental health disorders than those not accessing RPS. More research is needed into the impact of birth intervention and mental health issues on subsequent parenting difficulties.
Effects of Soil Exogenous Nitrogen on Bamboo Shoots, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Nitrogen Metabolism in Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro
Authors: Lili Fan , Fan Lili , Tarin Muhammad Waqqas Khan , Han Yongzhen , Hu Wenfeng , Rong Jundong , He Tianyou , Zheng Yushan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element that is involved in almost every aspect of a plant's physiological mechanism. Therefore, the current research aims to determine the optimal amount of N fertilizer to bamboo seedlings for better nutrient management practices to minimize N pollution in bamboo forests. We evaluated the physiological response of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro grown under five varying levels of N fertilizer; such as N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5 (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 g·pot-1, respectively). ResultsN4 treatment had a significant effect on the number of shoots, which was greatly correlated with net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic pigment (Car, Chls, and Chl a/b) as well as N-related indices [leaf N, leaf ammonium N (NH4+-N), and nitrate reductase (NR)]. N supply significantly increased soil carbon and N contents, which could be conducive to the accumulation of leaf chlorophyll content, improving leaf photosynthesis mechanism, and accelerating N metabolism and conversion through an enzymatic reaction. ConclusionsOverall, the N application of 6 g·pot-1 was advantageous to improve physiological characteristics and shoot production of seedlings. As a consequence, we suggest that optimal nitrogen supply can be effective to improve soil fertility to attain high bamboo production.
Additional Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Offset Potential from Sugarcane Straw Recovery for Bioenergy Production in Southern Brazil
Authors: de Figueiredo Eduardo Barretto , Jayasundara Susantha , Bordonal Ricardo de Oliveira , Panosso Alan Rodrigo , Scala Newton La 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was designed to assess the additional greenhouse (GHG) emissions including measurements of soil CO 2 -C emissions in sugarcane areas plus emissions associated with the recovery and transport operations of straw bales up to the factory gate for electricity production, contrasting with leaving all straw on the soil surface. The total additional GHG emissions considering the main sources evaluated ( i.e ., soil CO 2 -C, diesel use and N 2 O from straw), was estimated at 1,465 kg CO 2 eq ha -1 , resulting an emission factor of 212. 6 kg CO 2 eq ton -1 of straw recovered. Applying the parameters cited in this study for electricity or 2G ethanol production (GHG balance of emission and offset potential), our results showed that straw-based for electricity production would result in additional GHG emissions of (+) 860 kg CO 2 eq ha -1 . In contrast, applying the same study parameters for 2G ethanol production replacing gasoline, an avoided GHG emission of (-) 2,316 kg CO 2 eq ha -1 could be achieved. The route of recovering around 27% of sugarcane straw through bale system for bioelectricity production using technical parameters and industrial efficiency rate of this study could not be a sustainable option because the additional emissions can be higher than its potential to offset generated emissions, based on the emission factor of Brazilian energy matrix. Applying the same experimental parameters, the option of producing ethanol 2G with around 6.89 ton DM ha -1 of sugarcane straw could offset gasoline GHG emissions, contributing with sustainable energy systems.
Development of Optical Biosensor For The Detection of Glutamine in Human Biofluids Using Merocyanine Dye
Authors: Sathya Vijayakumar , Deepa Appadurai , Sangeetha Lakshmi Kandhan , Srinivasadesi Venkatesan , Lee Shyi-Long , Padmini Vediappen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Merocyanine dye based fluorescent organic compound has been synthesized for the detection of glutamine. The probe showed remarkable fluorescent intensity with glutamine through ICT. Hence, it is tested for the detection of glutamine using colorimetric and fluorimetric techniques in physiological and neutral pH (7.2). Under optimized experimental conditions, the probe detects glutamine selectively among other interfering biomolecules. The probe has showed a LOD of 9.6 nm at the linear range 20-180 µM towards glutamine. The practical application of the probe is successfully tested in human biofluids.
Classification and regression tree for estimating predictive markers to detect T790M mutations after acquired resistance to first line EGFR-TKI: HOPE-002
Authors: Tamiya Motohiro , Fujikawa Kei , Suzuki Hidekazu , Yokoyama Toshihide , Uenami Takeshi , Tamiya Akihiro , Saito Yuki , Saito Go , Uchida Junji , Morita Mitsunori , Hirashima Tomonori , Fukuda Yasushi , Kanazu Masashi , Hosoya Kazutaka , Suzuki Takuji , Ueno Kiyonobu , Fujimoto Daichi , Kumagai Toru , Teramukai Satoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and objective: Osimertinib as first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations remains controversial. Sequential EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) might be superior to the first line osimertinib in patients at risk of developing acquired T790M mutations.Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients with EGFR-mutated (deletion 19 or L858R) advanced NSCLC treated with first-line drugs and evaluated predictive markers using classification and regression tree (CART) for the detection of T790M mutations based on patient backgrounds prior to initial treatment.Results: Patients without acquired T790M mutations had worse outcomes than those with T790M mutations (median OS: 798 days vs. not reached; HR: 2.70; P<0.001). CART identified three distinct groups based on variables associated with acquired T790M mutations (age, CYF, WBC, liver metastasis, and LDH; AUROC: 0.77). Based on certain variables, CART identified three distinct groups in deletion 19 (albumin, LDH, bone metastasis, pleural effusion, and WBC; AUROC: 0.81) and two distinct groups in L858R (age, CEA, and ALP; AUROC: 0.80). The T790M detection frequencies after TKI resistance of afatinib and first-generation EGFR-TKIs were similar (35.3% vs. 37.4%, P=0.933). Afatinib demonstrated longer PFS (398 vs. 279 days; HR: 0.67; P=0.004) and OS (1053 vs. 956 days; HR: 0.68; P=0.051) than first-generation EGFR-TKIs.Conclusion: Identification of patients at risk of acquiring T790M mutations after EGFR-TKI failure may aid in choice of first-line EGFR-TKI. Furthermore, afatinib may be the more effective 1st-line EGFR-TKI treatment for patients at risk of developing T790M as initial EGFR-TKI resistance.
Transmission of gut bacteria and viruses from mothers to infants
Authors: Garmaeva Sanzhima , Sinha Trishla , Gulyaeva Anastasia , Gacesa Ranko , Andreu-Sanchez Sergio , Vila Arnau Vich , Chen Lianmin , Spreckels Johanne , Brushett Siobhan , Kruk Marloes , Dekens Jackie , Sikkema Jan , Kuipers Folkert , Shkoporov Andrey , Hill Colin , Scherjon Sicco , Kurilshikov Alexander , Wijmenga Cisca , Fu Jingyuan , Zhernakova Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Seeding and development of the gut ecosystem are crucial for health, both in childhood and later in life. While the composition of infant gut bacterial communities has been described, the composition and origin of the infant gut virome remains under-studied. Here, we explore mother-to-infant transmission of bacteria and viruses in 30 mother–infant pairs in a longitudinal collection of faecal samples taken during pregnancy and the first 3 months after birth. We demonstrate that infant bacterial strains resemble maternal strains more than those of unrelated mothers. We quantify viromes using a complementary approach examining both total metagenomes and viral metagenomes. The virome composition is highly consistent between viral and total metagenomes. The infant gut viromes are dominated by active temperate bacteriophages, which are more abundant in infants than mothers (p-value=7.2e-06). We observe that the proportion of shared viruses between maternal and infant gut is only 11.3% when considering the active virome fraction alone, but increases to 37.6% when taking into account temperate phages in the form of prophages. These findings indicate that viruses are vertically transmitted from mothers to infants early in life and that pioneering phages can reach the infant gut via vertical transmission of their bacterial hosts.
Changes in Community Composition Following Secondary Succession of a Temperate Oak-hornbeam Forest After Grassland Abandonment and Their Effect on Soil Carbon and Nutrient Pools
Authors: Jelinčić Antun , Papković Dora , Zgorelec Željka , Perčin Aleksandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To date, changes in C and nutrient cycling during succession are somewhat studied, however, results are often contrasting for different nutrients and successional sequences. Generally, due to increment of litter rich in lignocellulosic components during late succession, mineralization of nutrients is expected to decelerate, and large amounts of nutrients become captivated within tree biomass. We investigated the changes in community composition following secondary succession of oak-hornbeam forest after grassland abandonment, along with the differences in soil chemistry between early- and late- successional stages. We aimed to discover whether late succession increases soil organic C and total N and S pool, but decreases the pools of plant available P and K, and that of micronutrients due to their captivation within the tree biomass.The successional sequence studied had a following pathway: Helictotrichon pubescens haypastures à Brachypodium pinnatum successional grasslands à Cornus sanguinea scrubs à late-successional Populus tremula forests à late-successional oak-hornbeam (Quercus-Carpinus) forests. Total species number was highest in haypastures and lowest in late-successional P. tremula forest. Species richness of haypastures was higher from that of mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Species richness did not differ between mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Occurrences of plant species throughout secondary succession was mostly stage-specific; only Fragaria vesca, Ajuga reptans, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa, and Viola hirta showed survival ability throughout almost all stages. Late-successional forest stages had a higher soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and KA concentration, along with the higher soil C:N and C:S ratio in A horizon compared to early-successional grassland stages, whereas concentrations of plant available P and total N, S, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe remained unaltered.Even though late-successional forest stages tighten the nutrient cycles through nutrient captivation within the tree biomass, we found that late succession efficiently retained PA and micronutrient pools and even increased KA concentration in the A horizon, despite the fact that great amounts of these nutrients were already excluded from the nutrient cycle. Despite the contradicting C inputs, soil total N and S concentration did not differ between late-successional forest and early-successional grassland stages.
Low-Cost Imaging of Fluorescent DNA in Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Using Raspberry Pi Cameras
Authors: Abid Hassan Ali , Ong Jian Wern , Lin Eric Shen , Song Zhixiong , Liew Oi Wah , Ng Tuck Wah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Low-cost analytical solutions built around microcomputers like the Raspberry Pi help to facilitate laboratory investigations in resource limited venues. Here, three camera modules (V1.3 with and without filter, as well as NoIR) that work with this microcomputer were assessed for their suitability in imaging fluorescent DNA following agarose gel electrophoresis. Evaluation of their utility was based on signal-to-noise (SNR) and noise variance metrics that were developed. Experiments conducted with samples were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and the amplified products were separated using gel electrophoresis and stained with Midori green. Image analysis revealed the NoIR camera performed the best with SNR and noise variance values of 21.7 and 0.222 respectively. In experiments conducted using UV LED lighting to simulate ethidium bromide (EtBr) excitation, the NoIR and V1.3 with filter removed cameras showed comparable SNR values.
Efficacy of UC-II® Undenatured Type II Collagen on Knee Joint Function in Healthy Subjects: an Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Saiyed Zainulabedin , Durkee Shane , Bowman James , Juturu Vijaya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUC-II® is a unique joint health ingredient derived from chicken sternum. In a previous study, UC-II® improved knee extension range of motion and extend exercise time before the onset of knee pain in healthy participants. MethodsThe current exploratory post hoc analyses sought to assess items from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in healthy participants aged ≥50 years who previously participated in a randomized controlled trial. All participants reported knee pain following a standardized stepmill test and were randomized to receive placebo or 40 mg UC-II® supplementation containing ≥ 3% (≥ 1.2 mg) undenatured type II collagen for 120 days. For the current post hoc analyses, 17 participants (UC-II® = 9, placebo = 8) met the acceptance criteria (age ≥ 50 years). Analysis was carried out for the KOOS survey results with modified intent-to-treat analysis (mITT). P-values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. ResultsAfter 120 days of supplementation, participants in the UC-II® supplementation group exhibited statistically significant improvements versus the placebo in select KOOS items including reduced pain during standing upright and going up or down stairs, decreased discomfort in climbing ascending stairs or bending to floor to pick an object, or squatting during physical activity (p<0.05). ConclusionUC-II® supplementation has the potential to improve knee joint function, mobility, flexibility, free movements and performance of daily activities in healthy participants ≥ 50 years old with exercise-induced knee pain.