bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 32-year record-high surface melt in 2019/2020 on the northern George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Banwell Alison F. , Datta Rajashree Tri , Dell Rebecca L. , Moussavi Mahsa , Brucker Ludovic , Picard Ghislain , Shuman Christopher A. , Stevens Laura A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In the 2019/2020 austral summer, the surface melt duration and
extent on the northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared
to the 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based
on analysis of near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer and
scatterometer data, which are sensitive to meltwater on the ice shelf
surface and in the near-surface snow. Using optical satellite imagery from
Landsat 8 (2013 to 2020) and Sentinel-2 (2017 to 2020), record volumes of
surface meltwater ponding were also observed on the northern GVIIS in
2019/2020, with 23 % of the surface area covered by 0.62 km3 of ponded meltwater on 19 January. These exceptional melt and
surface ponding conditions in 2019/2020 were driven by sustained air
temperatures ≥0 ∘C for anomalously long periods (55 to 90 h)
from late November onwards, which limited meltwater refreezing.
The sustained warm periods were likely driven by warm, low-speed (≤7.5 m s−1) northwesterly and northeasterly winds and not by foehn wind
conditions, which were only present for 9 h total in the 2019/2020 melt
season. Increased surface ponding on ice shelves may threaten their
stability through increased potential for hydrofracture initiation; a risk
that may increase due to firn air content depletion in response to
near-surface melting.
As cartas de Diógenes de Sinope: Grupo 1
Authors: Borges George Felipe Bernardes Barbosa 
Published: February 2021

Esta tradução, do inglês para o português contempla as cartas de Diógenes de Sinope. Por muito tempo se acreditou que algumas cartas com conteúdo referente à escola cínica eram, de fato, pertencentes a Diógenes de Sinope (404-323 a.C), seu mais famoso precursor. No entanto depois de estudos mais aprofundados, autores como Boissonade, Macks e Capelle concluíram que as 51 cartas, que em tese seriam de Diógenes, são apócrifas.Capelle conclui que as 51 cartas são de autores e de diferentes posições filosóficas. Para citar algumas diferenças que ele observou: algumas cartas eram anedóticas enquanto outras não; algumas eram apenas saudações, outras continham insultos e exortações. E assim as dividiu em quatro grupos, partindo de três critérios – estilo, conteúdo e tendência.Todavia, o fato das cartas serem apócrifas não retira a importância e a centralidade delas no estudo da filosofia cínica. É de conhecimento comum no meio filosófico que a escola de Diógenes não elaborou nenhuma teoria de forma sistemática. A reconstrução que fazemos da escola se dá por meio dos relatos, principalmente os de Diógenes de Laercio na sua obra Vida e Doutrina dos Filósofos Ilustres. As cartas, contendo relatos e algumas posições filosóficas, mesmo não sendo escritas de próprio punho de Diógenes ainda sim foram e são valiosas para a difusão e a compreensão do que foi o cinismo e de quem foi Diógenes, o Cão.A seguinte tradução tem o enfoque no grupo 1: “são cartas que contém conteúdo anedótico e estilo não retórico” (MALHERBE, p.14, 2006, tradução nossa).
Entre verdade e encenação: o fotojornalismo entre o documento e a expressão
Authors: Uliana Laura Duarte , Persichetti Simonetta 
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, pretendo analisar duas correntes de pensamento sobre a imagem fotográfica, a fotografia-documento e a fotografia-expressão, como pensados por André Rouillé ,e verificar suas influências no fotojornalismo. Para conversar com Rouillé, usaremos o conceito “isso foi”, do Roland Barthes e “isso foi encenado”, de François Soulages . Com isso, analisaremos dois produtos: a revista Life e a agência Magnum, cada uma como principal expoente da corrente de pensamento na qual está inserida.
Entre professores e mestres: o RPG e as experiências docentes no ensino de história
Authors: Pessoa Brunno Manoel Azevedo 
Published: February 2021

É crescente a quantidade de pesquisas acadêmicas no ensino de história que se dedicam a pensar a prática docente. No que diz respeito ao RPG enquanto linguagem no ensino de história, apesar do significativo crescimento e popularização do jogo aplicado à sala de aula e das pesquisas que se dedicam a analisar sua efetividade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, existem poucos materiais de referência que orientem os docentes de história na elaboração de suas próprias experiências de aula-aventura de RPG, mantendo a prática ainda restrita em sua grande maioria aos profissionais que já conhecem o jogo ou que de alguma forma tiveram contato com ele durante sua formação. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar algumas considerações a partir da experiência docente no que diz respeito a iniciativas com o uso do RPG em aulas de história, através de entrevistas com professores, investigando as características dos mesmos, suas especificidades e diretrizes para a elaboração de suas aulas-jogo.
Constituição da disciplina de História no Rio Grande do Norte (1835-1911)
Authors: Cordeiro Anna Gabriella de Souza , Stamatto Maria Inês Sucupira 
Published: February 2021

O processo de constituição da disciplina de história, bem como o seu ensino, são resultantes das transformações sociais e culturais que culminaram na atual estrutura curricular. Com o intuito de compreender este percurso, propõem-se aqui entender como foi consolidada a disciplina de história no Rio Grande do Norte, tendo em vista as finalidades de sua aplicação no contexto educacional do Estado entre os anos de 1835-1911. Deste modo, esta pesquisa pertence ao campo da História da Educação e tem como fundamento a Nova História Cultural, mais especificamente a História das Disciplinas. Para entender a consolidação da disciplina de história no Rio Grande do Norte, bem como as suas finalidades, este estudo utilizou, enquanto fonte documental: a legislação educacional, as mensagens de governo e as orientações pedagógicas de Nestor Lima, publicadas no jornal A República em 1911. De maneira que o recorte espacial refere-se à Província e, posteriormente, ao Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Já o recorte temporal tem início no ano de 1835, após o Ato Adicional, quando as províncias passam a legislar sobre a educação e finda em 1911, quando Nestor Lima publica o artigo “PEDAGOGIA – A HISTÓRIA, SUA IMPORTÂNCIA, METHODOS E PROCESSOS” no jornal a República, marcando a consolidação da disciplina no Estado. Por fim, com base nos documentos analisados, foi possível compreender o longo processo que resultou na consolidação da disciplina de história. Evidenciando-se que, tanto no Império quanto na República a principal finalidade atribuída à disciplina de história remete a criação da identidade nacional e a legitimação dos sistemas políticos.
Design and Manufacture of a Multiband Rectangular Spiral-Shaped Microstrip Antenna Using EM-Driven and Machine Learning
Authors: Aoad Ashrf 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a multiband rectangular microstrip antenna using spiral-shaped configurations. The antenna has been designed by combining two configurations of microstrip and spiral with consideration of careful selection of the substrate material, the dimension of the rectangular microstrip, the distance between the turned spiral, and the number of turns of the spiral. The efficiency and accuracy have been improved using machine learning algorithms as well. Machine learning has been studied to model the proposed antenna based on the performance requirements, which requires a sufficient training data to improve the accuracy. Three different machine learning models are applied to improve the accuracy and generalization performance and compared to simulation and measurement results. Simulation, measurement, and machine learning results confirm that the proposed antenna is a new electrically small and operating over a wide range of high-frequency bands between 1 GHz–4 GHz. Machine learning models have the best prediction ability with a mean square error (MSE) of 0.03, and 0.05. The antenna structure and size are compatible and suitable for several multi-band wireless mobile systems operating in L-band and S-band. The results, such as directivity, Half-Power Beamwidth, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and S-parameter curves, are analysed and compared with the numerical formulation for both spiral and microstrip antennas.
Calculation of the Dose for Public Individuals Due to a Severe Accident at the Angra 2 Nuclear Plant, Brazil
Authors: Silva de Aguiar André , Min Lee Seung , Sabundjian Gaianê 
Published: February 2021

Through a severe accident at nuclear power plant Angra 2, the whole body dose effective of the individuals members of the public located in the Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs) will be calculated, and later, the protective actions in these EPZs will be analyzed. Two different scenarios of radionuclide release into the atmosphere will be considered. In the first scenario, 2 h of the release of Xe, Cs, Ba, and Te, and the second scenario, 168 h of release.
Financial Fragility and Corporate Bond Funding of SMEs: An Analysis of the Italian Case
Authors: Rossi Emanuele , Boccaletti Simone 
Published: February 2021

The chapter analyzes the financial policy of corporate bond issuers in the new Italian junior bond market specifically dedicated to unlisted firms and SMEs, using a proprietary firm-level dataset on 127 first-time mini-bond issuers across 2013–2017 years jointly with a control sample of around 5200 Italian private firms that have not issued corporate bonds across the same years. Since SME access to the debt capital market is largely considered a valuable source of debt funding diversification, especially for growth firms with a prominent exposure on bank debt, we test using OLS regressions whether bond issuers are able to reduce their financial vulnerability in comparison with similar nonissuers firms. The aim is to assess the extent to which the financial choices of SMEs regarding nonequity external funding can become a key factor in facing real and financial shocks like those triggered by the current pandemic Covid-19 outbreak. Our findings suggest that the access to the junior bond market is beneficial for the Italian unlisted companies in terms of a pronounced improvement in our financial fragility indicators.
Queimadas em áreas do Cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Feitosa Júnior Francisco Rubens , Souza Ranieldo Barreiras Barbosa , Cedro Tâmara Andressa Pires , Valério Rayan Araújo , Dias Edimar Souza , Santos José Yure Gomes dos 
Published: February 2021

As queimadas têm causado prejuízos aos elementos da paisagem, destruição da fauna e flora, além da deterioração da fertilidade do solo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é a detecção e quantificação de extensas áreas atingidas por eventos de queimadas através de sensores óticos, verificando a reincidência de queimadas em localidades do Cerrado a partir de imagens de sensoriamento remoto. A área de estudo foi a microrregião de Barreiras-Bahia, que possui aproximadamente 53.000 km², sendo constituída por sete municípios: Barreiras, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, São Desidério, Formosa do Rio Preto, Riachão das Neves, Baianópolis e Catolândia. Para a realização do trabalho foram utilizados dados de foco de calor adquiridos no portal do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), oriundos do satélite NOAA-19; e os dados de pluviometria foram disponibilizados pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) e Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Para analisar a densidade dos focos de calor foi utilizado o método de densidade de Kernel, e foi analisada a sua relação com a precipitação entre 2015 a 2019. Com os dados referentes a precipitação anual média na microrregião de Barreiras, foi utilizado o método do Inverso da Distância Ponderada (IDW) para gerar mapas de índices pluviométricos. Conclui-se que quando comparadas as ocorrências de focos de calor com a média anual precipitada, em cada ano, é possível indicar que a quantidade de precipitação registrada na região, mesmo que de forma assimétrica, pode ter influenciado na ocorrência de focos de incêndio. Embora que quando comparadas a distribuição espacial dos focos de calor com a distribuição espacial da precipitação, não se observa clara relação entre ambos, já que a distribuição temporal da precipitação pode influenciar nesse processo, além da ocorrência de queimadas por práticas intencionais, acidentais ou criminosas.
Du degré zéro de l’écriture chorégraphique à la dramaturgie du vivant
Authors: Montaignac Katya 
Published: February 2021

Sous la forme d’une conférence mise en dialogue lors d’un souper, ce texte plurivoque explore le « degré zéro » de l’écriture chorégraphique éprouvé par la danse performative. Qu’advient-il du corps dansant quand la chorégraphie évacue l’idée même de « danse »? Cette écriture scénique engage une temporalité et un état de présence spécifiques qui, inscrits dans l’ici et maintenant, génèrent un effet de réel. À travers une mise en jeu du corps qui tend à sa réduction, à son effacement, voire à sa disparition, cette « dramaturgie du vivant » attise paradoxalement l’imaginaire du ou de la spectateur·trice.
More Specialties, Fewer Problems: Using Collaborative Competency Between Infectious Diseases, Podiatry, and Pathology to Improve the Care of Patients with Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
Authors: Jhaveri Vimal V. , Sullivan Christopher , Ward Ashley , Giurini John M. , Karchmer Adolf W. , Stillman Isaac E. , Davis Roger B. , Freed Jason A. , LaSalvia Mary T. , Stead Wendy 
Published: February 2021

Background: Diabetic foot osteomyelitis is a common infection where treatment involves multiple services, including infectious diseases, podiatry, and pathology. Despite its ubiquity in the hospital, consensus on much of its management is lacking.
Methods: Representatives from infectious diseases, podiatry, and pathology interested in quality improvement developed multidisciplinary institutional recommendations culminating in an educational intervention describing optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). Knowledge acquisition was assessed by preintervention and postintervention surveys. Inpatients with forefoot DFO were retrospectively reviewed before and after intervention to assess frequency of recommended diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers, including appropriate definition of surgical bone margins, definitive histopathology reports, and unnecessary intravenous antibiotics or prolonged antibiotic courses.
Results: A postintervention survey revealed significant improvements in knowledge of antibiotic treatment duration and the role of oral antibiotics in managing DFO. There were 104 consecutive patients in the preintervention cohort (April 1, 2018, to April 1, 2019) and 32 patients in the postintervention cohort (November 5, 2019, to March 1, 2020), the latter truncated by changes in hospital practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Noncategorizable or equivocal disease reports decreased from before intervention to after intervention (27.0% versus 3.3%, respectively; P = .006). We observed nonsignificant improvement in correct bone margin definition (74.0% versus 87.5%; P = .11), unnecessary peripherally inserted central catheter line placement (18.3% versus 9.4%; P = .23), and unnecessary prolonged antibiotics (21.9% versus 5.0%; P = .10). In addition, by working as an interdisciplinary group, many solvable misunderstandings were identified, and processes were adjusted to improve the quality of care provided to these patients.
Conclusions: This quality improvement initiative regarding management of DFO led to improved provider knowledge and collaborative competency between these three departments, improvements in definitive pathology reports, and nonsignificant improvement in several other clinical endpoints. Creating collaborative competency may be an effective local strategy to improve knowledge of diabetic foot infection and may generalize to other common multidisciplinary conditions.
Relationship between Cervical Sagittal Parameters and Health Related Quality of Life in Cervical Degenerative Disc Diseases
Authors: Bostan Ahmed A. , Emran Ali M. , El-Tantawy Ahmed E. , Saeid Mohammed S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The evaluation of the differences in radiological cervical sagittal parameters between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with radiologically- confirmed (CDDD) is fundamental for understanding the normal variation in sagittal plane parameter between individuals, to determine the age-related changes, to know the predictive sagittal parameters for unfavorable clinical symptoms and to determine the factors that participate in economic sagittal balance (compensation) in asymptomatic subjects. This will provide radiographic guidelines for the assessment and management of cervical spine patients.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the radiological cervical sagittal parameter changes with the presence and severity of symptoms as well as quality of life in CDDD individuals, and provided radiographic guidelines for the assessment and management of cervical spine patients.
Methodology: The first 100 subjects who have visited the Outpatient clinic of Orthopedic Department in Tanta University Hospitals with radiologically-confirmed CDDD with or without clinical symptoms were reviewed. The individuals were divided into 2 groups for analysis and comparison. Group1 included the first 50 patients with symptomatic CDDD. Group2 included another 50 individuals with asymptomatic CDDD in their radiographs who visited the outpatient clinic as a relative to other patients or complained from other transient musclo-skeletal symptoms not affecting their quality of life.
Results: In the Analysis of the relationships between the data of the 2 groups: There were no statistically significant differences between each of the age, sex, occupations, and BMI in comparison between the 2 groups. The T1S angle was the only significant parameter in correlation between 2 groups. In the Analysis of the relationships between the data in the symptomatic group: There was a statistically significant increase in each of the T1S, C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 SVA with increasing the age. T1S was significantly lower in farmers and manual workers than in housewives and office workers. There was a significantly inverse correlation between each of the CL, T1S, T1S-CL and VAS. There was a significantly positive correlation between each of the CL, T1S, T1S-CL and modified EQ-5D-3L score. In the Analysis of the relationships between the data in the asymptomatic group: There was a significant increase in each of the TIA, T1S and NT with increase age, with an insignificant increase CL and with a significant decrease in C2-C7 SVA. There were insignificantly inverse correlations with each of the CL, TIA and T1S.
Conclusions: There is no difference in the C2–C7 lordosis curvature between the symptomatic patients and the asymptomatic individuals. The T1S is significantly lower in the symptomatic patients than in the asymptomatic individuals. So, Low T1S is a risk for the occurrence and development of cervical disc degeneration.
Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Following-up Choroidal Neovascular Membranes during the Course of Aflibercept Therapy
Authors: Ziada Ahmad R. , Einen Mostafa Abd El Latif Abo El , Koumy Hamdy Abd El Azim El , Dessouky El Said Ibraheem El 
Published: February 2021

Aims: To evaluate the mean area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the flow area within the CNV and determine their value in monitoring the effect of aflibercept therapy.
Study Design: prospective, interventional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Tanta University Hospital in the period between March 2017 and March 2019.
Methodology: OCT angiography images were obtained using the AngioVue (Optovue Inc., CA, USA). For quantitative analysis of the mean area of CNV and the flow area within the CNV, the CNV was manually delineated with the help of the manufacturer’s automated software, and the parameters of interest were automatically calculated and generated.
Results: The study included forty eyes of 40 patients, 14 females and 26 males, the mean age of patients was 69 ± 5 years. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 51.29 ± 14.80 ETDRS letters, which significantly increased to 63.41 ± 5.03 at week 36; p-value < 0.05. The mean area of choroidal neovascularization decreased significantly from baseline (2.72 ± 4.29 mm2) to week 36 (1.53 ± 1.07 mm2); p-value < 0.05. The the flow area within the measured CNV decreased significantly from baseline (2.28 ± 2.08 mm2) to week 36 (0.91 ± 0.63 mm2); p-value < 0.05.
Conclusion: The mean area of CNV and the flow area within the measured CNV are valuable biomarkers for following up CNV during treatment with aflibercept.
Stress among Physicians Working in a Medical University Hospital
Authors: Rizwan A. S. M. , Akhter Shahida 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Stress is an indispensable part of modern life. Although unavoidable, persistent stress can have a negative physical and psychological impact on anyone. Medical professionals are historically high stress professional cohort. The current study aimed to elucidate the stress among a divergent group of physicians at a tertiary teaching institute.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done among 150 participants who were enrolled by non-randomized sampling. General Health Questionnaire was used to gather data that were analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: Our study revealed that, staggering 48% of participants were distressed. Male doctors were more distressed than their counterparts. Graduate doctors had a higher score in comparison to the post-grad Doctors. Age was not a significant factor determining stress.
Conclusions: While treating others for their ailments, doctors tend to ignore their own health. Mental stress has a huge impact both on the Doctor suffering from it and the pool of patients served by him/her. This should attain more attention to prevent physician burnout.
Recent Advances in Design of Functional Biocompatible Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Xue Xu , Hu Yan , Deng Yonghui , Su Jiacan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBone related diseases have caused serious threats to human health owing to their complexity and specificity. Fortunately, owing to the unique 3D network structure with high aqueous content and functional properties, emerging hydrogels are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for bone tissue engineering, such as repairing cartilage injury, skull defect, and arthritis. Herein, various design strategies and synthesis methods (e.g., 3D‐printing technology and nanoparticle composite strategy) are introduced to prepare implanted hydrogel scaffolds with tunable mechanical strength, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent bioactivity for applying in bone regeneration. Injectable hydrogels based on biocompatible materials (e.g., collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, polyethylene glycol, etc.) possess many advantages in minimally invasive surgery, including adjustable physicochemical properties, filling irregular shapes of defect sites, and on‐demand release drugs or growth factors in response to different stimuli (e.g., pH, temperature, redox, enzyme, light, magnetic, etc.). In addition, drug delivery systems based on micro/nanogels are discussed, and its numerous promising designs used in the application of bone diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, cartilage defect) are also briefed in this review. Particularly, several key factors of hydrogel scaffolds (e.g., mechanical property, pore size, and release behavior of active factors) that can induce bone tissue regeneration are also summarized in this review. It is anticipated that advanced approaches and innovative ideas of bioactive hydrogels will be exploited in the clinical field and increase the life quality of patients with the bone injury.