bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave Action Conservation, Eliassen‐Palm Flux and Nonacceleration Conditions Within Atmospheres of Variable Composition
Authors: Eckermann Stephen D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe foundational conservation equations of Eliassen and Palm (EP) and Bretherton and Garrett (BG) governing the pseudomomentum and action of waves in geophysical fluids are shown to be approximations that do not hold generally within atmospheres of varying mass composition, such as the Earth's thermosphere and other planetary atmospheres. Standard BG/EP conservation equations assume a fixed connection between mean‐state entropy and pressure that breaks down when composition varies. New entropy‐corrected (EC) forms of these equations are derived that conserve total energy and momentum in atmospheres where composition varies. Three separate and largely independent derivations are presented that all lead to the same EC forms of these equations and their associated diagnostics, such as nonacceleration conditions. Since EC forms present as corrective scaling factors to standard BG/EP equations, existing models and diagnostics are easily generalized. Representative thermospheric calculations reveal that the EC equations remove systematic energy and momentum biases of up to 40% that in turn lead steady conservative waves to grow more rapidly in amplitude with increasing altitude.
The Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale (SDAS)
Authors: Grossman Sanford 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDental anxiety is a prevalent issue in society and national surveys show it to be rising. As a result, strain on sedation services continues to grow. To accommodate this, there is a need to streamline services to ensure that patients who have a clinical need for sedation are able to receive it.The Index of Sedation Need (IOSN) has been developed as a means of distinguishing sedation need from demand, enabling appropriate assessment and selection. NHS England recommends its use and the Getting It Right First Time programme has incorporated it into hospital dentistry pathways for sedation. However, many patients have sedation or require it for dental extractions, yet the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) component of the IOSN does not take this into account. While the MDAS is an effective tool for assessing anxiety of general dental treatment, it is not specialty- or procedure-specific and may underestimate anxiety relating to dental extractions. Consequently, the suitability of its use has been called into question.This paper explores the need for a procedure-specific dental anxiety scale for use in oral surgery and outlines a proposal for a suitable model: the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale (SDAS).
Targeting PTGDS Promotes ferroptosis in peripheral T cell lymphoma through regulating HMOX1-mediated iron metabolism
Authors: Hu Shunfeng , Liu Bingyu , Shang Juanjuan , Guo Qianqian , Lu Tiange , Zhou Xiaoli , Zhou Xiangxiang , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is characterized by high heterogeneity, strong aggressiveness, and extremely poor prognosis. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, has been involved in tumor development and targeting ferroptosis holds great potential for tumor therapy.

Methods
Lentiviral transfection was performed to regulate gene expression, followed by Tandem mass tag (TMT)-mass spectrometry and RNA-sequencing. Tumor xenograft models were established for in vivo experiments.

Results
High expression of prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) was closely associated with poor prognosis of PTCL patients. PTGDS knockdown and AT56 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of PTCL through regulating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and invasion in vitro and in vivo. We further revealed that targeting PTGDS promoted ferroptosis process and enhanced the sensitivity of PTCL cells to ferroptosis inducers Sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, PTGDS interacted with heme-degrading enzymes HMOX1, and targeting PTGDS increased the level of iron and induced ferroptosis in PTCL through promoting HMOX1-mediated heme catabolism and ferritin autophagy process. Through the construction of H25A mutation, the specific gene site of HMOX1 corresponding to its role was identified.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings firstly identified that targeting PTGDS promotes the ferroptosis in PTCL through regulating HMOX1-mediated iron metabolism, and highlighted novel therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of ferroptosis-targeted therapy in PTCL patients.
PI(4,5)P2 alleviates colitis by inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis through NNMT-mediated RBP4 m6A modification
Authors: Yang Qingfan , Diao Na , Ma Fei , Huang Zicheng , Lin Minzhi , Liu Xinyu , Guo Qin , Li Pan , Tang Jian , Gao Xiang , Chao Kang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLipid metabolism disorder is a critical feature of Crohn’s disease (CD). Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its derivative, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), are associated with CD. The mechanisms underlying such association remain unknown. In this study, we explored the role played by the major PI derivative, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], in CD pathogenesis. The relationship between CD activity and PI or PIP2 was analyzed via lipidomics. The mucosal expression of PI(4,5)P2 in patients with CD was measured using immunofluorescence. The function and mechanism of PI(4,5)P2 were examined in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2 cell models, along with MeRIP and mRNA sequencing. The results suggested lipid PI and PIP2 were substantially negatively associated with disease activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. PI(4,5)P2 was substantially downregulated in the inflamed mucosa of patients with CD. PI(4,5)P2 alleviated mouse colitis, with improvements in survival rate, colon length, weight, and disease activity index. PI(4,5)P2 also alleviated DSS-induced tissue damage, tight junction loss, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) pyroptosis. In the in vitro LPS-induced cell model, PI(4,5)P2 inhibited pyroptosis, as well as NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression, in addition to reducing interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion. PI(4,5)P2 mediated NNMT upregulation in mice and Caco-2 cells and suppressed pyroptosis in IECs. NNMT knockdown restricted the inhibitory effect of PI(4,5)P2 on IEC pyroptosis. NNMT inhibited the stability of RBP4 mRNA via m6A modification, thereby preventing pyroptosis following PI(4,5)P2 treatment. Significant correlations were also observed between PI(4,5)P2 and NNMT, NNMT and RBP4, and RBP4 and GSDMD expression in the intestinal tissues from patients with CD. Our results indicated that PI(4,5)P2 ameliorates colitis by inhibiting IEC pyroptosis via NNMT-mediated RBP4 m6A modification. Thus, PI(4,5)P2 shows potential as a therapeutic target in CD.
MEG8 as an antagonistic pleiotropic mechanism in breast cancer
Authors: Verdugo-Sivianes Eva M. , Espinosa-Sánchez Asunción , Cases Ildefonso , Rojas Ana M. , Otero-Albiol Daniel , Romero Lourdes , Blanco José Ramón , Carnero Amancio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCellular senescence connects aging and cancer. Cellular senescence is a common program activated by cells in response to various types of stress. During this process, cells lose their proliferative capacity and undergo distinct morphological and metabolic changes. Senescence itself constitutes a tumor suppression mechanism and plays a significant role in organismal aging by promoting chronic inflammation. Additionally, age is one of the major risk factors for developing breast cancer. Therefore, while senescence can suppress tumor development early in life, it can also lead to an aging process that drives the development of age-related pathologies, suggesting an antagonistic pleiotropic effect. In this work, we identified Rian/MEG8 as a potential biomarker connecting aging and breast cancer for the first time. We found that Rian/MEG8 expression decreases with age; however, it is high in mice that age prematurely. We also observed decreased MEG8 expression in breast tumors compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, MEG8 overexpression reduced the proliferative and stemness properties of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by activating apoptosis. MEG8 could exemplify the antagonistic pleiotropic theory, where senescence is beneficial early in life as a tumor suppression mechanism due to increased MEG8, resulting in fewer breast tumors at an early age. Conversely, this effect could be detrimental later in life due to aging and cancer, when MEG8 is reduced and loses its tumor-suppressive role.
Four cardiomyopathy patients with a heterozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variant
Authors: Sumida Takuya , Ogawa Shou , Higo Shuichiro , Kuramoto Yuki , Eto Ryo , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Sun Congcong , Li Junjun , Liu Li , Tabata Tomoka , Asano Yoshihiro , Shiba Mikio , Akazawa Yasuhiro , Nakamura Daisuke , Oka Takafumi , Ohtani Tomohito , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

DSG2, encoding desmoglein-2, is one of the causative genes of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. We previously identified a homozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter stop-gain variant in a patient with juvenile-onset cardiomyopathy and advanced biventricular heart failure. However, the pathological significance and prevalence of the heterozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variant remains uncertain. Here, we identified four unrelated patients with cardiomyopathy with heterozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variants among 808 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy; the allele frequency was 0.0037, which is more than 50-fold greater than that reported in the general Japanese population. These patients were clinically diagnosed with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (Pt-1), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after ventricular septum defect closure surgery (Pt-2), DCM (Pt-3), and end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Pt-4). The patients also exhibited reduced left ventricular contractile function and varying clinical courses. Genetic analysis identified additional possible causative variants, DSG2 p.Arg292Cys in Pt-1 and BAG3 p.His166SerfsTer6 in Pt-3. Immunohistochemical analysis of endomyocardial biopsy samples revealed that the expression of not only desmoglein-2 but also desmoplakin was markedly reduced. Transmission electron microscopy revealed pale and fragmented desmosomes and widened gaps between intercalated discs in the myocardium. A microforce test using human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) demonstrated reduced contractility in iPSC-CMs carrying a heterozygous truncating variant in DSG2. These data suggest that the DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variant is concealed in patients with cardiomyopathy with heart failure, and desmosome impairment may be a latent exacerbating factor of contractile dysfunction and disease progression.
Optimal pre-train/fine-tune strategies for accurate material property predictions
Authors: Devi Reshma , Butler Keith T. , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA pathway to overcome limited data availability in materials science is to use the framework of transfer learning, where a pre-trained (PT) machine learning model (on a larger dataset) can be fine-tuned (FT) on a target (smaller) dataset. We systematically explore the effectiveness of various PT/FT strategies to learn and predict material properties and create generalizable models by PT on multiple properties (MPT) simultaneously. Specifically, we leverage graph neural networks (GNNs) to PT/FT on seven diverse curated materials datasets, with sizes ranging from 941 to 132,752. Besides identifying optimal PT/FT strategies and hyperparameters, we find our pair-wise PT-FT models to consistently outperform models trained from scratch on target datasets. Importantly, our MPT models outperform pair-wise models on several datasets and, more significantly, on a 2D material band gap dataset that is completely out-of-domain. Finally, we expect our PT/FT and MPT frameworks to accelerate materials design and discovery for various applications.
Mechanical signaling through membrane tension induces somal translocation during neuronal migration
Authors: Minegishi Takunori , Hasebe Honami , Aoyama Tomoya , Naruse Keiji , Takahashi Yasufumi , Inagaki Naoyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neurons migrate in a saltatory manner by repeating two distinct steps: extension of the leading process and translocation of the cell body. The former step is critical for determining the migratory route in response to extracellular guidance cues. In the latter step, neurons must generate robust forces that translocate the bulky soma against mechanical barriers of the surrounding three-dimensional environment. However, the link between the leading process extension and subsequent somal translocation remains unknown. By using the membrane tension sensor Flipper-TR and scanning ion conductance microscopy, we show that leading process extension increases plasma membrane tension. The tension elevation activated the mechanosensitive ion channel Tmem63b and triggered Ca2+ influx, leading to actomyosin activation at the rear of the cell. Blockade of this signaling pathway disturbed somal translocation, thereby inhibiting neuronal migration in three-dimensional environments. These data suggest that mechanical signaling through plasma membrane tension and mechano-channels links the leading process extension to somal translocation, allowing rapid and saltatory neuronal migration.
Fast evaluation on the fatigue level of copper contact wire based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and supervised machine learning for high speed railway
Authors: Wei Wenfu , Xia Langyu , Yang Zefeng , Zhang Huan , Pan Like , Wu Jian , Wu Guangning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐strength copper contact wire is of great significance to the electrified railway power supply system, which constantly provides electric power to the trains during operation. However, contact wire is subject to pressure, vibration, and natural forces such as wind, rain, ice, etc. which inevitably result in mechanical fatigue over time. This mechanical fatigue can lead to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the contact wire, and ultimately lead to problems such as wire detachment, fracture, or breakage, posing a serious safety hazard to the electrified railway system. Herein, the authors propose a strategy using nanosecond pulsed laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with machine learning technique to realise a fast evaluation on the fatigue level of copper contact line. Three different fatigue levels of copper samples have been made related with the requirement of operational conditions, and a total of 898 LIBS spectra were collected. Twenty‐four combinations of spectral pre‐processing, feature extraction, and optimisation algorithms were used to compare the recognition results with the accuracy, recall rate, and time cost taken into accounted. Results have shown that the standard normal variable transform–principal component analysis–genetic algorithm improve support vector machine (SNV‐PCA‐GASVM) model have presented a most satisfactory performance than the others. The cross‐validation accuracy of the SNV‐PCA‐GASVM model was 92.97% while the dimensionality of input variables was reduced by 99.62%. This work is useful for the safety operation of power supply system in high speed railway, and technique development concerning the fast evaluation on materials fatigue in other industrial fields.
Multispectral image fusion technique based on decoupling of information
Authors: Yu Wenqi , Wang Huilin , Liu Jilong , Wang Guan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo address the issue of unremarkable targets and the serious loss of background details that occurs in multispectral image fusion, a multispectral image fusion method based on information decoupling is proposed. In accordance with the U‐shaped network structure, multi‐scale feature fusion is employed to obtain comprehensive contextual features. Subsequently, taking into account the differences between base and texture information in the images, the recovered image is reconstructed by fusing feature information through the information decoupling branches. Finally, the information decoupling is supervised by a loss function. In addition, a series of comparative experiments are conducted on a self‐constructed multispectral dataset and a publicly available dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our method not only achieves higher fusion accuracy but also has superior visualization results.
Candidate strongly lensed type Ia supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility archive
Authors: Townsend A. , Nordin J. , Sagués Carracedo A. , Kowalski M. , Arendse N. , Dhawan S. , Goobar A. , Johansson J. , Mörtsell E. , Schulze S. , Andreoni I. , Fernández E. , Kim A. G. , Nugent P. E. , Prada F. , Rigault M. , Sarin N. , Sharma D. , Bellm E. C. , Coughlin M. W. , Dekany R. , Groom S. L. , Lacroix L. , Laher R. R. , Riddle R. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Bailey S. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de la Macorra A. , Dey A. , Dey B. , Doel P. , Fanning K. , Forero-Romero J. E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Honscheid K. , Howlett C. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Lambert A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M. E. , Manera M. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Mueller E. , Myers A. D. , Nie J. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Poppett C. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Zou H. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Gravitationally lensed type Ia supernovae (glSNe Ia) are unique astronomical tools that can be used to study cosmological parameters, distributions of dark matter, the astrophysics of the supernovae, and the intervening lensing galaxies themselves. A small number of highly magnified glSNe Ia have been discovered by ground-based telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), but simulations predict that a fainter, undetected population may also exist.
Aims. We present a systematic search for glSNe Ia in the ZTF archive of alerts distributed from June 1 2019 to September 1 2022.
Methods. Using the AMPEL platform, we developed a pipeline that distinguishes candidate glSNe Ia from other variable sources. Initial cuts were applied to the ZTF alert photometry (with constraints on the peak absolute magnitude and the distance to a catalogue-matched galaxy, as examples) before forced photometry was obtained for the remaining candidates. Additional cuts were applied to refine the candidates based on their light curve colours, lens galaxy colours, and the resulting parameters from fits to the SALT2 SN Ia template. The candidates were also cross-matched with the DESI spectroscopic catalogue.
Results. Seven transients were identified that passed all the cuts and had an associated galaxy DESI redshift, which we present as glSN Ia candidates. Although superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) cannot be fully rejected as contaminants, two events, ZTF19abpjicm and ZTF22aahmovu, are significantly different from typical SLSNe and their light curves can be modelled as two-image glSN Ia systems. From this two-image modelling, we estimate time delays of 22 ± 3 and 34 ± 1 days for the two events, respectively, which suggests that we have uncovered a population of glSNe Ia with longer time delays.
Conclusions. The pipeline is efficient and sensitive enough to parse full alert streams. It is currently being applied to the live ZTF alert stream to identify and follow-up future candidates while active. This pipeline could be the foundation for glSNe Ia searches in future surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
Dynamic and radiative implications of jet–star interactions in AGN jets
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Perucho M. , Martí J. M. , Kovalev Y. Y. 
Published: December 2024

Context. The interactions between jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their stellar environments significantly influence jet dynamics and emission characteristics. In low-power jets, such as those in Fanaroff-Riley I (FR I) galaxies, the jet–star interactions can notably affect jet deceleration and energy dissipation.
Aims. Recent numerical studies suggest that mass loading from stellar winds is a key factor in decelerating jets, accounting for many observed characteristics in FR I jets. Additionally, a radio-optical positional offset has been observed, with optical emission detected further down the jet than radio emission. This observation may challenge traditional explanations based solely on recollimation shocks and instabilities.
Methods. We used the radiative transfer code RIPTIDE to generate synthetic synchrotron maps from a population of re-accelerated electrons in both radio and optical bands from jet simulations incorporating various mass-loading profiles and distributions of gas and stars within the ambient medium.
Results. Our findings emphasize the importance of mass entrainment in replicating the extended and diffuse radio/optical emissions observed in FR I jets and in explaining the radio–optical offsets. These offsets are influenced by the galaxy’s physical properties, the surrounding stellar populations, and observational biases. We successfully reproduce typical radio–optical offsets by considering a mass-loading equivalent to 10−9 M⊙ ⋅ yr−1 ⋅ pc−3. Overall, our results demonstrate that positive offset measurements are a promising tool for revealing the fundamental properties of galaxies and potentially their stellar populations, particularly in the context of FR I jets.
Accuracy of acetabular cup positioning in robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty: a CT-based evaluation
Authors: Singh Ashish , Kumar Purushotam , Kalyan Kanukuntla , Gundalli Akash Chandrashekar , Mane Sudhir Shankar , Swarnkar Himanshu , Singh Lavanya 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Robot-assisted instrumentation during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has the potential to improve acetabular cup positioning. This study aimed to evaluate the precision of robotic-arm-assisted THA (rTHA) and assess whether the system can provide accurate cup positioning comparable to conventional THA (cTHA). Methods: A single-center prospective cohort study consisting of 151 patients who underwent THA (108 rTHA and 43 cTHA). The robotically assisted system was used to match the postoperative computed tomography (CT) image of the pelvis with the planned and intraoperative anatomical landmarks. The cTHA cohort underwent hip replacement using the standard manual procedure, with acetabular component locations assessed during and after surgery. Results: The rTHA cohort was significantly younger, but no other significant differences were found between the two cohorts in preoperative baseline data. In rTHA cohort, the planned inclination (40.0 ± 0.3°) closely matched the intraoperative (40.2 ± 2.7°; p = 0.54) and postoperative (40.7 ± 4.0°; p = 0.07) measurements. However, anteversion showed a significant increase from planned (19.4 ± 1.5°) to postoperative CT scan (28.7 ± 7.0°; p < 0.001). There was evidence of proportional bias in the measurements (p < 0.001). In the cTHA cohort, the mean inclination (43.1 ± 5.1°) did not show any significant change between the preoperative plans and postoperative assessments (p = 0.12); however, there was a remarkable change in the mean anteversion (17.6 ± 6.4°) between postoperative measurements and the preoperative plans (p < 0.001). The average anteversion in the preoperative plans did not differ remarkably between the rTHA and cTHA cohorts. However, the average inclination was substantially different between the two cohorts (p < 0.001). Both groups had no significant differences in the proportion of cups outside the referenced safe zones. Conclusion: The results suggest that while robotic-assisted guidance ensures consistent cup inclination, there may be more variability in achieving the planned anteversion, which warrants further investigation into the factors influencing postoperative changes in acetabular orientation.