bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registration of ‘Naronut 2T’ groundnut
Authors: Okello David K. , Deom C. Michael , Puppala Naveen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract‘Naronut 2T’ (Reg. no. CV‐142, PI 693986) is a high‐yielding, spanish‐type groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) cultivar with two seeds per pod. Naronut 2T was released in 2019 by the National Semi‐Arid Resources Research Institute, Serere, Uganda. The cultivar was selected from a cross between ICRISAT advanced lines ICGV‐SM 86715 and ICGV‐SM 90704. Naronut 2T was developed by combined pedigree and single seed descent for groundnut rosette disease resistance, early maturity, and high yields. Replicated trials were conducted in Uganda during 2014–2017 during a total of 11 rainfed growing seasons. Naronut 2T matures in 75–85 d, earlier than the widely grown cultivar Serenut 4T (matures in 90–100 d). Naronut 2T has significantly higher pod yields (1418.0 kg/ha) than Serenut 4T (571.9 kg/ha). The seed testa color is tan, with an average 100‐seed weight of 29.7 g compared with 27.9 g for Serenut 4T. The shelling percentage for Naronut 2T is 50.1% compared with 58.4% for Serenut 4T. Naronut 2T contains a higher protein content than Serenut 4T, 25.7 versus 23.6%, respectively, but has a lower oil concentration, 39.6 versus 42.9%, respectively. The cultivar is not a high‐oleic line. Compared with Serenut 4T, Naronut 2T is a higher yielding cultivar with resistance to groundnut rosette disease and late leaf spot disease.
First comprehensive proteomics analysis of lysine crotonylation in leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Xu Manlin , Luo Jianda , Li Ying , Shen Lili , Zhang Xia , Yu Jing , Guo Zhiqing , Wu Juxiang , Chi Yucheng , Yang Jinguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysine crotonylation is an important post‐translational modification process. Most research in this area has been carried out on mammals and yeast, but there has been little research on it in plants. In the current study, large‐scale lysine crotonylome analysis was performed by a combination of affinity enrichment and high‐resolution LC‐MS/MS analysis. Altogether, 6051 lysine crotonylation sites were identified in 2508 protein groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that lysine‐crotonylated proteins were involved in many biological processes, such as carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, biosynthesis of amino acids, ribosomes structure and function. In particular, subcellular localization analysis showed that 43% of the crotonylated proteins were located in the chloroplast. Twenty‐nine crotonylation proteins were associated with photosynthesis and functional enrichment that these proteins were associated with the reaction center, photosynthetic electron transport, and ATP synthesis. Based on these results, further studies to expand on the lysine crotonylome analysis were suggested.
A summative evaluation of Jordan's Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) 2013–2020: Case‐in‐point in socioeconomic policy
Authors: Abu Hummour Anan M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe developing countries which reside in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, and most notably in the nomadic areas, are challenged by the socioeconomic issue of poverty. Jordan is no exception to this rule. The objective of this study, therefore, is to provide actionable, timely, targeted, and results‐based feedback on a given poverty reduction program. Through reliance on sound analysis, the study offers insights and recommendations for poverty reduction in the Kingdom of Jordan while highlighting the impact of Jordan's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) from 2012 to 2020 on selected socioeconomic indicators. The research design is a summative evaluation relying on quantitative analysis. Our quasi‐experimental approach has employed a before/after model, which utilizes interrupted time‐series and cross‐sectional components to evaluate the effect of Jordanian PRS on given economic indicators. We have applied various tests to evaluate our hypotheses, including the Mann–WhitneyUtest to measure the effectiveness of Jordan's PRS from 2013 to 2015, as well as the Shapiro–Wilk test to gauge normal distribution. Empirical findings on the impact of these poverty reduction programs have been mixed, but our analysis has substantiated the positive impact that PRS from 2012 to 2015 had on the target group. These programs effectively increased the number of families who benefited from the National Aid Fund; they augmented the number of projects aimed at gainful employment that were financed by the Development and Employment Fund; and they increased the number of Jordanian students enrolled in formal education by 2015—impacts which were statistically significant at level (p ≤ 0.05). The study further established, however, that the implementation of PRS from 2012 to 2020 was notably ineffectual in decreasing the number of seized beggars by 2015—an impact which was not statistically significant at level (p ≤ 0.05). This latter result, however, requires further study to account for the complex dynamics involved in cash assistance and education. Within the Jordanian context, no such prior study has been conducted which evaluates, through a holistic and results‐oriented approach, the impact of Jordan's PRS from 2012 to 2020 on poverty reduction and socioeconomic vulnerability. The work is original, not only in its unique contextual subject matter, but also in its sample, variables tested, and interpretation of results.
Influence of curing age on the mechanical properties of fly ash concrete exposed to elevated temperature
Authors: Li Qingtao , Lu Limin , Yuan Guanglin , Doh Jeung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mechanical properties of early‐age fly ash (FA) concrete was experimentally studied. The splitting tensile strength and compressive strength under different curing ages, temperatures, cooling methods and FA contents were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the splitting tensile strength of concrete increased proportionally with temperature in the early stage and decreased as the temperature further increased. Compared to the concrete with FA content of 10% and 30%, the compressive strength of concrete with FA content of 20% was found to be highest at the age of 90d. The strength of the specimens under water cooling was comparatively lower than that under air cooling. The compressive strength of FA concrete heated to 150°C was greater than that of the unheated concrete. The compressive strength of FA concrete heated to 550°C was lower than that of concrete without treatment at high temperature. After high temperature exposure at the age of 90d, the compressive strength of the specimen was higher than that of the specimens at the ages of 7d, 14d and 28d. The microstructures of the specimens aged 90 days were measured by the SEM method before and after being exposed to high temperatures.
Graphene nanocomposites for transdermal biosensing
Authors: Tabish Tanveer A. , Abbas Aumber , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransdermal biosensors for the real‐time and continuous detection and monitoring of target molecules represent an intriguing pathway for enhancing health outcomes in a cost‐effective and non‐invasive fashion. Many transdermal biosensor devices contain microneedles and other miniaturized components. There remains an unmet clinical need for microneedle transdermal biosensors to obtain a more accurate, rapid, and reliable insight into the real‐time monitoring of disease. The ability to monitor biomarkers at an intradermal molecular level in a non‐invasive manner remains the next technological gap to solve real‐world clinical problems. The emergence of the two‐dimensional material graphene with unique material properties and the ability to quantify analytes and physiological status can enable the detection of critical biomarkers indicative of human disease. The development of a user‐friendly, affordable, and non‐invasive transdermal biosensing device for continuous and personalized monitoring of target molecules could be beneficial for many patients. This focus article considers the use of graphene‐based transdermal biosensors for health monitoring, evaluation of these sensors for glucose and hydrogen peroxide detection via in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, recent technological innovations, and potential challenges.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Störkle Mario 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungNachdem ich in den letzten Kapiteln den Fokus auf die theoretischen Grundlagen und Begriffe sowie den aktuellen Forschungsstand gelegt habe, möchte ich im folgenden Kapitel auf das methodische Vorgehen der Studie eingehen. Dabei werde ich zunächst die rekonstruktive Anlage der Studie beschreiben, die sich aus zwei Teilprojekten zusammensetzt. Da ich in diesen Teilen unterschiedliche Forschungsinteressen verfolge, verwende ich verschiedene Erhebungsmethoden und Stichproben.
Linking the supersymmetric standard model to the cosmological constant
Authors: Qiu Yu-Cheng , Tye S.-H. Henry 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
String theory has no parameter except the string scale MS, so the Planck scale MPl, the supersymmetry-breaking scale "Image missing", the electroweak scale mEW as well as the vacuum energy density (cosmological constant) Λ are to be determined dynamically at any local minimum solution in the string theory landscape. Here we consider a model that links the supersymmetric electroweak phenomenology (bottom up) to the string theory motivated flux compactification approach (top down). In this model, supersymmetry is broken by a combination of the racetrack Kähler uplift mechanism, which naturally allows an exponentially small positive Λ in a local minimum, and the anti-D3-brane in the KKLT scenario. In the absence of the Higgs doublets from the supersymmetric standard model, one has either a small Λ or a big enough "Image missing", but not both. The introduction of the Higgs fields (with their soft terms) allows a small Λ and a big enough "Image missing" simultaneously. Since an exponentially small Λ is statistically preferred (as the properly normalized probability distribution P(Λ) diverges at Λ = 0+), identifying the observed Λobs to the median value Λ50% yields mEW∼ 100 GeV. We also find that the warped anti-D3-brane tension has a SUSY-breaking scale "Image missing" ∼ 100 mEW while the SUSY-breaking scale that directly correlates with the Higgs fields in the visible sector is "Image missing" ≃ mEW.
Sterile neutrino dark matter and leptogenesis in Left-Right Higgs Parity
Authors: Dunsky David , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The standard model Higgs quartic coupling vanishes at (109 − 1013) GeV. We study SU(2)L× SU(2)R× U(1)B−L theories that incorporate the Higgs Parity mechanism, where this becomes the scale of Left-Right symmetry breaking, vR. Furthermore, these theories solve the strong CP problem and predict three right-handed neutrinos. We introduce cosmologies where SU(2)R× U(1)B−L gauge interactions produce right-handed neutrinos via the freeze-out or freeze-in mechanisms. In both cases, we find the parameter space where the lightest right-handed neutrino is dark matter and the decay of a heavier one creates the baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. A theory of flavor is constructed that naturally accounts for the lightness and stability of the right-handed neutrino dark matter, while maintaining sufficient baryon asymmetry. The dark matter abundance and successful natural leptogenesis require vR to be in the range (1010− 1013) GeV for freeze-out, in remarkable agreement with the scale where the Higgs quartic coupling vanishes, whereas freeze-in requires vR ≳ 109 GeV. The allowed parameter space can be probed by the warmness of dark matter, precise determinations of the top quark mass and QCD coupling by future colliders and lattice computations, and measurement of the neutrino mass hierarchy.
Global analysis of the Sivers functions at NLO+NNLL in QCD
Authors: Echevarria Miguel G. , Kang Zhong-Bo , Terry John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We perform global fit to the quark Sivers function within the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization formalism in QCD. We simultaneously fit Sivers asymmetry data from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) at COMPASS, HERMES, and JLab, from Drell-Yan lepton pair production at COMPASS, and from W/Z boson at RHIC. This extraction is performed at next-to-leading order (NLO) and next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy. We find excellent agreement between our extracted asymmetry and the experimental data for SIDIS and Drell-Yan lepton pair production, while tension arises when trying to describe the spin asymmetries of W/Z bosons at RHIC. We carefully assess the situation, and we study in details the impact of the RHIC data and their implications through different ways of performing the fit. In addition, we find that the quality of the description of W/Z vector boson asymmetry data could be strongly sensitive to the DGLAP evolution of Qiu-Sterman function, besides the usual TMD evolution. We present discussion on this and the implications for measurements of the transverse-spin asymmetries at the future Electron Ion Collider.
Efficient multivariate approximation on the cube
Authors: Nasdala Robert , Potts Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe combine a periodization strategy for weighted$$L_{2}$$L2-integrands with efficient approximation methods in order to approximate multivariate non-periodic functions on the high-dimensional cube$$\left[ -\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right] ^{d}$$-12,12d. Our concept allows to determine conditions on thed-variate torus-to-cube transformations$${\psi :\left[ -\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right] ^{d}\rightarrow \left[ -\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right] ^{d}}$$ψ:-12,12d→-12,12dsuch that a non-periodic function is transformed into a smooth function in the Sobolev space$${\mathcal {H}}^{m}(\mathbb {T}^{d})$$Hm(Td)when applying$$\psi $$ψ. We adapt$$L_{\infty }(\mathbb {T}^{d})$$L∞(Td)- and$$L_{2}(\mathbb {T}^{d})$$L2(Td)-approximation error estimates for single rank-1 lattice approximation methods and adjust algorithms for the fast evaluation and fast reconstruction of multivariate trigonometric polynomials on the torus in order to apply these methods to the non-periodic setting. We illustrate the theoretical findings by means of numerical tests in up to$$d=5$$d=5dimensions.
Partial Division of Puborectalis Muscle with Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy: A Novel Surgical Technique for Management of Anal Hypertonia‐Associated Anismus
Authors: Abdelnaby Mahmoud , Fathy Mohammad , Mikhail Hany Maurice , Maurice Karim Kamal , Arnous Mohamed , Emile Sameh Hany 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of anismus usually starts with biofeedback therapy and injection of botulinum toxin in the puborectalis muscle (PRM). Patients refractory to conservative treatment may require surgery. The present cohort study aimed to assess a combined technique of partial division of PRM and tailored lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) in treatment of anismus.MethodsPatients with anismus who failed conservative treatments were assessed clinically and with high‐resolution anal manometry (HRAM), EMG, defecography, and underwent combined partial division of PRM on one side and tailored LIS on the contralateral side. Main outcome measures were improvement in symptoms and quality of life, changes in HRAM and defecography postoperatively, complications, and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 73 patients (61 male) of a mean age of 37 years were included to the study. In total, 89% of patients showed a significant improvement in symptoms at 12 months postoperatively. The mean modified Altomare score decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 16.4 ± 1.7 to 6.6 ± 1 at 12 months postoperatively. There was a significant increase in the mental and physical components of quality of life at 12 months postoperatively. The numbers of patients with positive findings of anismus in postoperative defecography, EMG, and balloon expulsion test were significantly less than before surgery. The mean total satisfaction score was 86.5 ± 8.7. Five (6.5%) patients developed minor complications.ConclusionPartial division of puborectalis muscle combined with LIS is an effective technique in the management of anal hypertonia‐associated anismus with satisfactory results and low incidence of complications
Adrenal Surgery for Synchronously Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Wu Kan , Liu Zhihong , Li Xiang , Lu Yiping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, with limited treatment options. The survival benefit of adrenal surgery in patients with synchronous metastatic disease has not been well explored.MethodsPatients with ACC with synchronous metastases were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010–2016). The effect of adrenal surgery on different patterns of distant metastases was assessed. The overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors associated with survival outcome.ResultsA total of 202 patients with synchronous metastatic ACC were identified from the SEER database, 76 (37.6%) patients underwent adrenal surgery. Compared to nonsurgical patients, patients who underwent adrenal surgery had a better survival (median overall survival: 4 vs. 13 months, P < 0.001). In sub‐analyses, except for patients with liver metastases (P = 0.670), adrenalectomy could consistently confer a significant survival benefit in patients with lung metastases (P = 0.003), bone metastases (P = 0.020), and multiple metastases (P = 0.002). Cox regression analysis revealed that in addition to adrenalectomy [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.92; P = 0.017], metastasectomy (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.86; P = 0.013), and chemotherapy (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.82; P = 0.002) were also associated with improved survival.ConclusionsOur findings support the view that adrenal surgery may be associated with improved survival in patients with synchronous metastatic ACC (except for patients with liver metastases), and the metastatic sites have significant prognostic implications on survival outcomes with adrenal surgery.
Isotopenhydrogeologische Untersuchungen im südlichen Salzburger Becken (Golling, Kuchl, Vigaun, Hallein), Österreich
Authors: Höfer-Öllinger Giorgio 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz seiner Bedeutung in der Trinkwasserversorgung ist die Herkunft des Grundwassers des Gamper Brunnenfelds (GBF) im Südlichen Salzburger Becken (SSB) ungeklärt. Eine 2014 bis 2016 durchgeführte Studie unter Verwendung von stabilen Isotopen und einer numerischen 2D-Modellierung führte zu wichtigen Erkenntnissen, aber auch zu widersprüchlichen Schlussfolgerungen: Die dabei numerisch nachgewiesene Anspeisung des GBF durch die nahe Salzach ist aus Sicht der stabilen Isotope nicht möglich.Im Zeitraum 2017 bis 2019 wurden in einer weiteren Studie an 17 Messstellen Proben zur Analytik stabiler Isotope entnommen und anstatt einer numerischen Modellierung eine umfassende Betrachtung der Aquifergenese auf Basis der aktuellen Literatur und moderner Ansätze geomorphologischer Entwicklung alpiner Täler durchgeführt. In die Betrachtungen wurden hydraulische, hydrochemische und physikalische Eigenschaften des Grundwassers einbezogen.Als Ergebnis liegt ein Konzeptmodell vor, das für alle Eigenschaften der betroffenen Grundwasservorkommen eine schlüssige Erklärung darstellt. Von Bedeutung ist dabei, dass die instationäre Versickerung der Taugl zu einer partiellen Fraktionierung stabiler Isotope führt.
Effect of left atrial ligation-driven altered inflow hemodynamics on embryonic heart development: clues for prenatal progression of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Salman Huseyin Enes , Alser Maha , Shekhar Akshay , Gould Russell A. , Benslimane Fatiha M. , Butcher Jonathan T. , Yalcin Huseyin C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) are abnormalities in the heart structure present at birth. One important condition is hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) where severely underdeveloped left ventricle (LV) cannot support systemic circulation. HLHS usually initiates as localized tissue malformations with no underlying genetic cause, suggesting that disturbed hemodynamics contribute to the embryonic development of these defects. Left atrial ligation (LAL) is a surgical procedure on embryonic chick resulting in a phenotype resembling clinical HLHS. In this study, we investigated disturbed hemodynamics and deteriorated cardiac growth following LAL to investigate possible mechanobiological mechanisms for the embryonic development of HLHS. We integrated techniques such as echocardiography, micro-CT and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for these analyses. Specifically, LAL procedure causes an immediate flow disturbance over atrioventricular (AV) cushions. At later stages after the heart septation, it causes hemodynamic disturbances in LV. As a consequence of the LAL procedure, the left-AV canal and LV volume decrease in size, and in the opposite way, the right-AV canal and right ventricle volume increase. According to our CFD analysis, LAL results in an immediate decrease in the left AV canal WSS levels for 3.5-day (HH21) pre-septated hearts. For 7-day post-septated hearts (HH30), LAL leads to further reduction in WSS levels in the left AV canal, and relatively increased WSS levels in the right AV canal. This study demonstrates the critical importance of the disturbed hemodynamics during the heart valve and ventricle development.
The Universal Approximation Property
Authors: Kratsios Anastasis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe universal approximation property of various machine learning models is currently only understood on a case-by-case basis, limiting the rapid development of new theoretically justified neural network architectures and blurring our understanding of our current models’ potential. This paper works towards overcoming these challenges by presenting a characterization, a representation, a construction method, and an existence result, each of which applies to any universal approximator on most function spaces of practical interest. Our characterization result is used to describe which activation functions allow the feed-forward architecture to maintain its universal approximation capabilities when multiple constraints are imposed on its final layers and its remaining layers are only sparsely connected. These include a rescaled and shifted Leaky ReLU activation function but not the ReLU activation function. Our construction and representation result is used to exhibit a simple modification of the feed-forward architecture, which can approximate any continuous function with non-pathological growth, uniformly on the entire Euclidean input space. This improves the known capabilities of the feed-forward architecture.