bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental animal models for moyamoya disease and treatment: a pathogenesis-oriented scoping review
Authors: Rallo Michael S. , Akel Omar , Gurram Akhilesh , Sun Hai 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an intracranial steno-occlusive pathology characterized by progressive narrowing of proximal large vessels, including the terminal internal carotid arteries (ICAs), middle cerebral arteries, or anterior cerebral arteries. Named for the “puff of smoke” appearance of the anomalous vascularization visualized on cerebral angiography, MMD lacks a well-defined etiology, although significant insights have been made, including the identification of a susceptibility gene, RNF213, in humans with the disease. A limitation to advancing the understanding and treatment of MMD has been the lack of experimental animal models that authentically reflect the clinical pathogenesis. In an effort to analyze characteristics of currently available models and identify strategies for future model generation, the authors performed a scoping review of experimental animal models that have been used to study MMD.

METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed to identify articles describing animal models used to study MMD. Additional articles were identified via citation searching. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS
A total of 44 articles were included for full-text review. The methods used to generate these animal models were broadly classified as surgical (n = 25, 56.8%), immunological (n = 7, 15.9%), genetic (n = 6, 13.6%), or a combination (n = 6, 13.6%). Surgical models typically involved permanent ligation of one or both of the common carotid arteries or ICAs to produce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Genetic models utilized known MMD or cerebrovascular disease-related genes, such as RNF213 or ACTA2, to induce heritable cerebral vasculopathy. Finally, immunological models attempted to induce vasculitis-type pathology by recapitulating the inflammatory milieu thought to underlie MMD.

CONCLUSIONS
Models generated for MMD have involved three general approaches: surgical, immunological, and genetic. Although each reflects a key aspect of MMD pathogenesis, the failure of any individual model to recapitulate the development, progression, and consequences of the disease underscores the importance of future work in developing a multietiology model.
Investigation of Burnout Levels of Anaesthesiologists and Technicians in Covid-19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Kavalci Gülsüm , Ceran Kayipmaz Selvi 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic further increased this stress of employees. This disease, which did not have a cure and a vaccine at the beginning, increased the anxiety of the employees and forced them to live separately due to the risk of infecting family members. This study aimed to investigate the burnout levels of doctors and technicians working in Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital Anaesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively by using a questionnaire method in the Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital. Maslach Burnout questionnaire applied to the participants. Quantitative data were expressed as %, the number of subjects as (n). The distribution of continuous variables was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnow test. Qualitative data were expressed in mean±SD (standard deviation). X2 test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Independent Student T-test was used for comparison of continuous variables. The relationship between burnout level and variables was determined by Pearson Correlation Test. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 52 volunteers participated in the study. The average emotional exhaustion score of the volunteers participating in the study was 31.13±4.6, the average depersonalization score was 15.06±3.3, and the mean personal achievement score was 23.60±3.7. There was no statistically significant relationship between any of the variables and the burnout level (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The high level of burnout in a clinic that is at the forefront of the fight against Covid-19, such as anesthesiology and reanimation, is important in terms of determining the situation.
Correlation Between Carbon Monoxide Level In Exhaled Air and Pulmonary Function On Grill Street-Vendors In Medan City
Authors: Chen Jery , Noni Novisari Soeroso  , Syamsul Bihar  , Lambok Siahaan  
Published: August 2021

Background. Air pollution is the result of household waste responsible for 3.8 million death and 7.7% of all mortality over the world. One air pollutant which tends to increase year by year is carbon monoxide (CO). CO is produced as the result of the imperfect combustion of machines and the combustion of charcoal. The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between CO level in exhaled air and pulmonary function on grill street-vendors in Medan city.
Method: This study is an observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were grill in Medan city who fulfilled certain inclusion and exclusion criteria with the consecutive sampling method. This study data is primary data which is collected using a questionnaire, smokerlyzer, and spirometry.
Result: The subjects of this study are 25 grill street-vendors. Most subjects in this study have red (40%) and green (32%) zone in CO exhaled test and as in pulmonary function test, restrictive (56%) and mixed-type (40%) are the most. The Spearman correlation result between CO level in exhaled air and pulmonary function FEV1 and FVC are not significant (p=0.068 and p=0.251).
Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between CO levels in exhaled air and pulmonary function
Romantics and Revolutionaries
Authors: Steedman Mark 
Published: August 2021

In every field in which progress beckons, romantics and revolutionaries find themselves in an uneasy alliance. The role of the romantics is to define the often unattainable goal. That of the revolutionaries is to advance towards it. Each needs the other, and constantly fears they are forsaken. Sometimes they are right.
Theoretical linguists are the romantics of our field: They seek to understand language for its own sake, intuitively, and on its own terms. Computational linguists are the revolutionaries: They want to make things work better. How are they getting along, these days?
Treebanks: Linking Linguistic Theory to Computational Linguistics
Authors: Frank Anette , Zaenen Annie , Hinrichs Erhard 
Published: August 2021

Treebanks are language resources that provide annotations at various levels of linguistic structure starting from the word level. They typically provide syntactic constituent or dependency structures for sentences, but increasingly extend to annotation beyond syntactic structure, including semantic, pragmatic and rhetorical annotation, or go beyond a single language, as in parallel treebanks.
Experience in building treebanks has shown that there is a close relation between formal linguistic theory and the design and practice of annotation. With increasing complexity of annotations, the design of annotation schemes becomes more and more theory-dependent. At the same time, linguistically motivated treebank annotations have become crucially important for the development of data-driven approaches to natural language processing and for linguistic research in general.
Treebanks therefore constitute an important link between linguistic theory and computational linguistics.
The International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories provides a forum for researchers working on treebanks from both perspectives. The present volume presents the contents of the 10th edition of this workshop series, held in 2012 at the University of Heidelberg.
Analyzing Parser Errors
Authors: Husain Samar , Agrawal Bhasha 
Published: August 2021

We present a detailed error analysis of a transition-based dependency parser trained on a Hindi dependency treebank. Parser error analysis has not been systematically examined from the point of view of treebanking before and this work intends to contribute in this area.
We address two main questions in this paper:

Can the parsing of certain structures be made easier by using alternative analyses for these structures?
Are there certain linguistic cues implicit (or missing) in the current treebank that can be made explicit (or added) in order to make the parsing of complex constructions easier?

These questions will guide us in examining the potential benefits of parser error analysis during treebanking. Through our experiments and analysis we were able to shed light on the causes of errors and subsequently have been able to improve the performance of the parser.
The Correlation Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Shodikin Muhammad Ali , Kusumastuti Inke , Nur Indasyah Wahidah 
Published: September 2021

Background: The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in pregnancy were increase in developing countries. The existence of infection interferes with the absorption of nutrients due to accumulation of inflammatory cells in the placenta can cause the infant born with low birth weight.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of HIV infections in pregnancy and low birth weight infant.
Methods: This research used an observational analytic design with a retrospective approach. The samples were positive and negative HIV mother with their infants that hospitalized at dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, from August 2014 - July 2017. The data were analysed by Fisher's Exact.
Results: This study was found 52 positive HIV mother with their infants and 52 negative HIV mother with their infants. Nine from 52 infants (17.3%) who born from positive HIV mother were low birth weight. Only 3 from 52 infants (5.8%) who born from negative HIV mother were low birth weight. Data analysis using Fisher’s Exact was obtained p value = 0.06.
Conclusion: There was no significant correlation of HIV infections in pregnancy and low birth weight infant.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced acute kidney injury: incidence, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of patients at Tertiary Hospital based longitudinal study in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Sattar Shamima , Hasan Mahmud Javed , Ray Nitai Chandra , Quddus ASM Ruhul 
Published: September 2021

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed in primary care for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Twelve percent of individuals currently report taking a NSAID daily. Renal injury caused by these agents can present in various forms, resulting from either acute or chronic use. Historically approximately five percent of patients initiated on NSAIDs experience a kidney-related adverse event. Drug-induced renal injury accounts for twenty percent of episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) have experienced an increased length of stay with associated healthcare costs per incident. The adverse effects of NSAIDs contribute to a significant economic burden, both to the patient and to the healthcare system.This study of NSAIDs induced AKI was carried out to highlight this issue. To find out the incidence, risk factors, diagnostic approach, clinical course, management and outcome of patients, this longitudinal study was carried out at Nephrology Department in Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2016.Total 65 patients of NSAIDs induced AKI were included in this study. Any patient having pre existing renal pathology or chronic kidney disease was excluded from the study. Mean age of the patient was 36±7.12 yrs. Forty nine patients (74.38%) took NSAIDs at their own and 16 patients (24.61%) were prescribed by physician. Fifty six patients (86.15%) took NSAIDs because of musculoskeletal pain. Dehydration due to physical exertion (29.23%) gastroenteritis (16.92%) and nil per os (NPO) (6.15%)were the common predisposing factors. Common symptoms were swelling of the body (36.9%) headache (26.15%) fatigue (21.53%) and vomiting (13.84%) Oedema was the most common sign (36.9%) Blood urea and serum creatinine were raised in all patients. Treatment includes drug withdrawal (100%), fluid resuscitation (83.07%) fluid restriction (13.85%) short course of steroid (15.38%) and haemodialysis (10.76%) . Fifty one patients (78.46%) had complete recovery within two weeks of therapy whereas ten patients (15.38%) required more than two weeks to one month for complete recovery. Three patients (4.61%) developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). NSAIDs induced AKI carries a good prognosis with early diagnosis and proper management and it can be prevented by limiting the availability of over the counter drugs and creating awareness both in physicians and patients. These medications should be prescribed for the shortest duration, the lowest effective dose, and with careful surveillance to monitor nephrotoxicity precisely. NSAIDs should be used with special caution in elderly patients.
CBMJ 2018 July: Vol. 07 No. 02 P: 09-16
Sanitation status of a rural area of Mymensingh
Authors: Hasan AHM , Alam Fakir Sameul , Hossain Md Tufael , Begum Maksuda 
Published: September 2021

In Bangladesh majority of people live in rural area. Sanitation is important for health promotion, and disease prevention. To know sanitary condition of rural people of Mymensingh, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and the sampling technique was purposive. Data were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire by direct interviewing the respondents. Sanitation status was assessed by scoring on selected components of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20. A total of 514 villagers (202 male, 312 female) participated in the study. Age of respondents ranged from 10 years to 75 years; mean age was 36.23 years with a standard deviation of ±13.736 years. Females were mostly housewives (92%), males were mostly farmers (37%). Among respondents 96% had own house, 58% had cultivable land and 26% were poor. Sanitation in this study included personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Scoring was done based on correct response on selected items of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation (80% and more: excellent, 60 to 79 percent: good, below 60 percent: bad). Personal hygiene practices included were daily bathing, hand washing with soap and water in relevant occasions, washing vegetables, fruits, covering cooked and served food. About 95% had excellent score on personal hygiene. This excellent score was more observed among respondents with increasing age, female sex, service holders, housewives and better socioeconomic condition. Environmental sanitation included safe water supply, sanitary latrine, good house, no animal in house and if present kept in cattle shed in safe distance, hygienic disposal of animal excreta and refuse. 95% had safe water supply, 75% had water seal latrine, 44% had good house and 26% had no animals. Those who kept animals only 23% kept them in cattle shed in safe distance. Hygienic disposal of animal excreta and refuse were 25% and 43.4% respectively. Environmental sanitation based on safe water supply and water seal latrine was excellent and good respectively but based on other 4 components the status was not satisfactory. Despite hardship,sanitary conditions were better thanthe results of other studies in Bangladesh and in other developing countries. Hygiene practices were praiseworthy. Improvement of socioeconomic condition and continuous health education will further improve the situation.
CBMJ 2018 July: Vol. 07 No. 02 P: 34-41
Pembekalan Explainer Video bagi Siswa dalam Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Handoko Handoko , Angela Angela , Gunawan Gunawan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The 4.0 Industrial Revolution is marked by rapid advances and technological changes in various fields, including education. To welcome the era of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution, learning curriculum in schools must follow the technological advancement. Teachers generally provide group assignments to be presented by students. The main obstacle faced is that students are less capable to create and deliver presentation content. Therefore, it is necessary to provide insight about presentation ability and the use of technology to make presentations. The activity began by compiling a training module on using Explaindio Video Creator to make explainer video. Training is provided in the form of tutorials and workshops, so students can directly practice the material being discussed. Before and after the training, pre-test and post-test was conducted to test the students' understanding of the presentation using an explainer video. The results found that the average participants before attending this training did not understand the presentation technique and did not know about the presentation assisted by explainer video. After attending the training, the average participants have already understood the presentation techniques and already known about the presentation assisted by explainer video and made it on their own. Keywords: explainer video; industrial revolution; presentationAbstrak: Revolusi Industri 4.0 ditandai dengan kemajuan dan perubahan teknologi yang pesat di berbagai bidang, tidak terkecuali bidang pendidikan. Untuk menyongsong era Revolusi Industri 4.0, kurikulum pembelajaran di sekolah harus mengikuti kemajuan teknologi. Guru mata pelajaran umumnya memberikan tugas kelompok untuk dipresentasikan oleh siswa-siswi. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah siswa-siswi kurang mampu membuat dan menyampaikan konten presentasi. Karena itu, perlu adanya pemberian wawasan terkait kemampuan presentasi dan pemanfaatan teknologi untuk melakukan presentasi. Kegiatan dimulai dengan menyusun modul pelatihan mengenai penggunaan Explaindio Video Creator untuk mengembangkan explainer video. Pelatihan diberikan dalam bentuk tutorial dan workshop, sehingga siswa-siswi bisa mempraktikkan secara langsung materi yang dibahas. Sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan, dilakukan pre-test dan post-test untuk menguji pemahaman siswa-siswi terkait presentasi dengan menggunakan explainer video. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa rata-rata peserta sebelum mengikuti pelatihan ini belum memahami tentang teknik presentasi serta belum mengetahui tentang bantuan presentasi dengan menggunakan explainer video. Setelah mengikuti pelatihan, rata-rata peserta sudah dapat memahami tentang teknik presentasi serta sudah mengetahui tentang bantuan presentasi dengan menggunakan explainer video dan sudah dapat membuatnya.Kata kunci: explainer video; presentasi; revolusi industri
Evaluation of C-shaped canal configuration in maxillary molars: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study
Authors: KÖSE Emre , AK Rüya 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of C-shaped canal configuration in maxillary first and second molars according to sex and gender by using CBCT in a Turkish population.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 709 first and 739 second maxillary molars were examined. CBCT images of teeth were examined in different axial sections to determine the presence of C-shaped canal configuration. C-shaped canal configuration was classified into five groups according to the fusion of root canals. Prevalence of C-shaped canal configuration between first and second molars, age groups and genders were compared.
Results: Total of 1448 teeth were evaluated and 3% (43) of them had C-shaped canal configuration. The presence of C-shaped canal configuration was significantly more common in the second molars than the first molars (p = 0.000) No significant difference in the prevalence of C-shaped configuration was observed comparing genders and age groups (p>0.05). Type A and E canal configuration were not detected in first molars.
Conclusion: C-shaped canal configuration is a rare anatomical variation of maxillary molars.
This variation includes fins or isthmuses connecting root canals which create challenges during endodontic treatment. Perceiving the variations with CBCT imaging helps clinicians to understand and treat complex cases without complication. Clinicians should be knowledgeable about the rare variations for better outcomes.
CEMAS DAN RAGU LINTAS JURUSAN STUDI PADA SISWA KELAS XII MIPA
Authors: LISTIOWATTY  
Published: September 2021

Choosing a major that will be taken up in college can raise doubts and even anxiety for the final year high school students. Various factors trigger this doubt and anxiety, especially for choosing across majors. Crossing-major is the decision to choose a field of science to be pursued in higher education, which is different from the field of study at the high school level. This study was intended to describe the psychological dynamics of students who decided to cross majors. This study used a case study-based qualitative descriptive model. The case study was chosen so that this study obtained more detailed and in-depth data from the participants. The data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of emotional aspects related to anxiety and doubt experienced by students when choosing a further education major, which is caused by parents, family environmental conditions, and the surrounding environment.
Memilih jurusan yang akan ditempuh di perguruan tinggi dapat memunculkan keraguan bahkan kecemasan pada siswa tahun terakhir SMA. Ada berbagai faktor yang memicu keraguan dan kecemasan ini, khususnya bila memilih lintas jurusan. Lintas jurusan adalah keputusan memilih bidang ilmu yang akan ditekuni di perguruan tinggi, yang berbeda dengan bidang jurusan di tingkat SMA. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan dinamika psikologis siswa yang memutuskan untuk lintas jurusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model deskriptif kualitatif berbasis studi kasus. Studi kasus dipilih agar penelitian ini mendapatkan data yang lebih rinci dan mendalam dari subyek partisipan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Hasil analisa menunjukkan adanya aspek emosional berkaitan dengan kecemasan dan keraguan yang dialami siswa ketika memilih jurusan pendidikan lanjut, yang disebabkan sejumlah faktor yaitu orang tua, kondisi lingkungan keluarga dan pengaruh lingkungan sekitar.
Compost-Based Growing Media Improved Yield of Leafy Lettuce in Pot Culture
Authors: Marutani Mari , Clemente Seanne 
Published: September 2021

Compost-based media were examined for effects on plant growth of leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in pot culture. Four types of locally sourced composts were created using different proportions of wood chips from untreated pallets and mixed tropical tree debris, food waste from restaurants, and chicken manure. Compost-based media were prepared by mixing each compost with a commercial peatmoss to create 25, 50, and 100% compost-peatmoss mixtures (by volume). In Trial One, cv. Starfighter had the greatest shoot (leaves/stems) biomass when grown in 100% compost containing wood chips, food waste, and chicken manure. In Trial Two, cvs. Starfighter and New Red Fire were examined. Growing media affected all plant growth parameters including fresh and dry shoots and roots, shoot and root length, and number of leaves. Cultivar affected all except fresh root weight. Interaction effects of growing medium and cultivar type were found for fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, shoot, and root length. Regression analyses indicated increases in amount of compost in growing media increased dry shoot and root weights. Composts containing recyclable organic materials can be an alternative to commercial media in pot culture.