bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KKL correlation for simulation of nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet considering magnetic dipole and chemical reaction
Authors: Punith Gowda R. J. , Naveen Kumar R. , Jyothi A. M. , Prasannakumara B. C. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe enhancement of heat transfer is an important factor in heat exchangers, nuclear reactors, electric coolers and solar collectors. The enhance in rate of heat and mass transfer can be achieved by choosing suitable nanofluid or ferromagnetic fluid as an active liquid. In this connection, we have investigated the ferromagnetic nanofluid flow past a flat elastic sheet with porous medium and chemical reaction. Further, nanofluid is considered and simulated through the Koo and Kleinstreuer‐Li (KKL) nanofluid model. The described governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODE's) by means of apt similarity transformations and then they are numerically tackled using Runge Kutta Fehlberg‐45 (RKF‐45) scheme along with shooting method. The graphical results of the velocity, concentration and thermal profiles along with skin friction, Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are found to get an obvious insight of the existing boundary flow problem. The results reveal that, increasing values of ferromagnetic interaction parameter decays the velocity gradient but converse trend is depicted in thermal gradient due to the frictional heating between fluid layers. The increasing values of porosity parameter slowdowns the rate of heat transfer and velocity gradient.
Wearing the devil down: Rate of tooth wear varies between wild and captive Tasmanian devils
Authors: Pollock Tahlia I. , Parrott Marissa L. , Evans Alistair R. , Hocking David P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMammalian carnivores rely on their sharp teeth to effectively kill and consume prey. However, over time this causes wear and breakage that alters tooth shape, reducing their effectiveness. Extreme tooth wear and damage is especially prevalent in species that scavenge carcasses, like the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), which are well known for their voracious appetites and ability to consume almost all of a carcass, including bone. In this study, we comprehensively describe tooth wear in captive and wild devils to look for differences in the patterns and rate of wear between these environments. To do this we surveyed tooth condition in skulls from 182 wild and 114 captive devils for which age was estimated using canine over‐eruption. We found the types of tooth wear documented were the same in captive and wild devils, but captive animals have less severe wear than wild devils of the same estimated age. There was no difference in the proportion of captive or wild individuals with broken canine or molar teeth; however, breakage occurred at a younger age in wild devils. Although not considered anomalous or harmful, this indicates a difference in the way teeth are being used and/or the foods consumed between captive and wild devils. We hypothesize how these results relate to differences in diet or behavior that may stem from their various feeding environments, for example, higher quality food (fresh, whole, and yet to be scavenged carcasses) provided to captive devils likely causes less wear. Further, we support management options that closely replicate wild diet items and behaviors suitable for a long‐term insurance population.
Introduction: New Paradigms of Media Regulation in a Transatlantic Perspective
Authors: Matei Sorin Adam , Rebillard Franck , Rochelandet Fabrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo claim that communication technology and practices have undergone a tremendous shift over the past 30 years is a self-evident understatement. However, the same cannot be said about our regulatory framework—the product of political and economic ideas several centuries old. Thus, the worlds of communication practice and communication policy-making often are at odds. While it would be easy to claim new material forces demand new laws, the reality is our traditional media customs and laws are rooted in values, needs, and long-term projects that cannot be changed without impacting our entire way of life. Many facets of everyday life rely on this existing framework: individual autonomy, creativity, rule-based interactions, and fairness. A core challenge for technologists, legislators, and policymakers is to integrate new ways of communicating within the existing framework of values and practices in such a way that current values are preserved while specific regulatory practices are updated to match today’s technological, economic, and cultural norms.
The Stakes and Threats of the Convergence Between Media and Telecommunication Industries
Authors: Benhamou Françoise 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConvergence between media (TV and press industry) and telecoms is growing in the USA and in Europe (especially France). Streaming video services and the use of smartphones to watch TV require efficient connections and explain this growth pattern, despite early failure to establish causality. New business models based on contents and personal data emerge. Companies want to expand their subscriber bases, which questions the economic power on gatekeeping content and Internet access. Regulators should adapt their tools and objectives to new challenges as afforded by convergence.
Sharpening the Accuracy of Credit Scoring Models with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Guidolin Massimo , Pedio Manuela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe big data revolution and recent advancements in computing power have increased the interest in credit scoring techniques based on artificial intelligence. This has found easy leverage in the fact that the accuracy of credit scoring models has a crucial impact on the profitability of lending institutions. In this chapter, we survey the most popular supervised credit scoring classification methods (and their combinations through ensemble methods) in an attempt to identify a superior classification technique in the light of the applied literature. There are at least three key insights that emerge from surveying the literature. First, as far as individual classifiers are concerned, linear classification methods often display a performance that is at least as good as that of machine learning methods. Second, ensemble methods tend to outperform individual classifiers. However, a dominant ensemble method cannot be easily identified in the empirical literature. Third, despite the possibility that machine learning techniques could fail to outperform linear classification methods when standard accuracy measures are considered, in the end they lead to significant cost savings compared to the financial implications of using different scoring models.
Massive Data Analytics for Macroeconomic Nowcasting
Authors: Cheng Peng , Ferrara Laurent , Froidevaux Alice , Huynh Thanh-Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNowcasting macroeconomic aggregates have proved extremely useful for policy-makers or financial investors, in order to get real-time, reliable information to monitor a given economy or sector. Recently, we have witnessed the arrival of new large databases of alternative data, stemming from the Internet, social media, satellites, fixed sensors, or texts. By correctly accounting for those data, especially by using appropriate statistical and econometric approaches, the empirical literature has shown evidence of some gain in nowcasting ability. In this chapter, we propose to review recent advances of the literature on the topic, and we put forward innovative alternative indicators to monitor the Chinese and US economies.
Enlightened Leadership: Coping with Chaos in Increasingly Turbulent Times
Authors: Mitroff Ian I. , Kilmann Ralph H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe want to summarize and thereby tie together all of the previous discussions on Mental Health, Attachment Theory, Inquiring Systems, Culture, the Jungian Framework, Conflict Management, Surfacing Assumptions, and Defense Mechanisms. Used appropriately, they are indispensable in helping people deal with Reality.
Inquiry Systems as Coping Mechanisms
Authors: Mitroff Ian I. , Kilmann Ralph H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFirst and foremost, Inquiry Systems or ISs are major models for the production and authentication of credible knowledge in which, along with Ethics, we put our basic trust to guide our lives. However, at the same time, ISs also serve as fundamental coping mechanisms to alleviate the intense anxiety that accompanies the immense uncertainty associated with less than perfect knowledge, especially in today’s problematic and highly uncertain world.
From Collaboration to Solitude and Back: Remote Pair Programming During COVID-19
Authors: Smite Darja , Mikalsen Marius , Moe Nils Brede , Stray Viktoria , Klotins Eriks 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlong with the increasing popularity of agile software development, software work has become much more social than ever. Contemporary software teams rely on a variety of collaborative practices, such as pair programming, the topic of our study. Many agilists advocated the importance of collocation, face-to-face interaction, and physical artefacts incorporated in the shared workspace, which the COVID-19 pandemic made unavailable; most software companies around the world were forced to send their engineers to work from home. As software projects and teams overnight turned into distributed collaborations, we question what happened to the pair programming practice in the work-from-home mode. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of remote pair programming in two companies. We conducted 38 interviews with 30 engineers from Norway, Sweden, and the USA, and used the results of a survey in one of the case companies. Our study is unique as we collected the data longitudinally in April/May 2020, Sep/Oct 2020, and Jan/Feb 2021. We found that pair programming has decreased and some interviewees report not pairing at all for almost a full year. The experiences of those who paired vary from actively co-editing the code by using special tools to more passively co-reading and discussing the code and solutions by sharing the screen. Finally, we found that the interest in and the use of PP over time, since the first months of the forced work from home to early 2021, has admittedly increased, also as a social practice.
Using a Low Code Development Environment to Teach the Agile Methodology
Authors: Lebens Mary , Finnegan Roger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Agile development methodology is soaring in popularity in the business world. Companies are turning to Agile to develop products quickly and to achieve digital transformation of their organization. Because of this push, companies need employees who understand Agile. Therefore, higher education is obligated to provide an understanding of Agile to students as they enter the workplace. Providing Agile experience to students who are new to programming is difficult because they are so worried about the coding aspects of the assignment, they cannot take time to think about the methodology they are using. The coding crowds out the time needed to get an understanding of how Agile actually works. One remedy for this is to use a low or no-code development platform. With this type of platform students spend less time learning to create apps, freeing them to experience the rituals and roles of Agile. This study examines using the Agile methodology along with the Microsoft Power Apps platform to provide an Agile experience to students. Two course sections were surveyed to learn if students perceived that they acquired a better understanding of Agile and to learn their perceptions of a no-code platform experience. The students completed surveys to ascertain their comfort with the Agile methodology and whether the no-code environment increased their comfort level. The results showed students perceived the no-code platform increased their comfort with using the Agile methodology. The implication is that no-code platforms can be used broadly to help students to gain experience with Agile.
How to Write Ethical User Stories? Impacts of the ECCOLA Method
Authors: Halme Erika , Vakkuri Ville , Kultanen Joni , Jantunen Marianna , Kemell Kai-Kristian , Rousi Rebekah , Abrahamsson Pekka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasing in significance within software services. Unfortunately, these systems are not flawless. Their faults, failures and other systemic issues have emphasized the urgency for consideration of ethical standards and practices in AI engineering. Despite the growing number of studies in AI ethics, comparatively little attention has been placed on how ethical issues can be mitigated in software engineering (SE) practice. Currently understanding is lacking regarding the provision of useful tools that can help companies transform high-level ethical guidelines for AI ethics into the actual workflow of developers. In this paper, we explore the idea of using user stories to transform abstract ethical requirements into tangible outcomes in Agile software development. We tested this idea by studying master’s level student projects (15 teams) developing web applications for a real industrial client over the course of five iterations. These projects resulted in 250+ user stories that were analyzed for the purposes of this paper. The teams were divided into two groups: half of the teams worked using the ECCOLA method for AI ethics in SE, while the other half, a control group, was used to compare the effectiveness of ECCOLA. Both teams were tasked with writing user stories to formulate customer needs into system requirements. Based on the data, we discuss the effectiveness of ECCOLA, and Primary Empirical Contributions (PECs) from formulating ethical user stories in Agile development.
The Impact of Agile Transformations on Organizational Performance: A Survey of Teams, Programs and Portfolios
Authors: Stettina Christoph Johann , van Els Victor , Croonenberg Job , Visser Joost 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile many organizations embark on agile transformations, they can lack insight into the actual impact of these transformations across organizational layers.
In this paper, we collect new and study existing evidence on the impact of agile transformations on organizational performance across teams, programs and portfolios. We conducted an international survey collecting the perceptions of agile coaches, transformation leads and other relevant roles, and we correlated levels of agile maturity to the perceptions on dimensions of organizational performance. Based on 134 responses from 29 countries across 16 industries, (1) we consolidated understanding of the benefits of agile transformations based on prior evidence and our data from a more diverse and larger sample, (2) we identified the dimensions impacted by agile transformations as being productivity, responsiveness, quality, workflow health and employee satisfaction & engagement and (3) we traced specific benefits on those dimensions to individual organizational layers of teams, programs and portfolios, showing the magnitude of impact of each dimension per layer. Overall, we can conclude that agile transformations have a variety of strong organizational benefits. This aggregated evidence allows reflection on transformation trends, but also enables organizations to optimize their agile transformation efforts.
Measuring Software Delivery Performance Using the Four Key Metrics of DevOps
Authors: Sallin Marc , Kropp Martin , Anslow Craig , Quilty James W. , Meier Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Four Key Metrics of DevOps have become very popular for measuring IT-performance and DevOps adoption. However, the measurement of the four metrics deployment frequency, lead time for change, time to restore service and change failure rate is often done manually and through surveys - with only few data points. In this work we evaluated how the Four Key Metrics can be measured automatically and developed a prototype for the automatic measurement of the Four Key Metrics. We then evaluated if the measurement is valuable for practitioners in a company. The analysis shows that the chosen measurement approach is both suitable and the results valuable for the team with respect to measuring and improving the software delivery performance.
3d conformal fields with manifest sl(2, ℂ)
Authors: Ponomarev Dmitry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present paper we construct all short representation of so(3, 2) with the sl(2, ℂ) symmetry made manifest due to the use of sl(2, ℂ) spinors. This construction has a natural connection to the spinor-helicity formalism for massless fields in AdS4 suggested earlier. We then study unitarity of the resulting representations, identify them as the lowest-weight modules and as conformal fields in the three-dimensional Minkowski space. Finally, we compare these results with the existing literature and discuss the properties of these representations under contraction of so(3, 2) to the Poincare algebra.
Universal axion backreaction in flux compactifications
Authors: Grimm Thomas W. , Li Chongchuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the backreaction effect of a large axion field excursion on the saxion partner residing in the same $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 multiplet. Such configurations are relevant in attempts to realize axion monodromy inflation in string compactifications. We work in the complex structure moduli sector of Calabi-Yau fourfold compactifications of F-theory with four-form fluxes, which covers many of the known Type II orientifold flux compactifications. Noting that axions can only arise near the boundary of the moduli space, the powerful results of asymptotic Hodge theory provide an ideal set of tools to draw general conclusions without the need to focus on specific geometric examples. We find that the boundary structure engraves a remarkable pattern in all possible scalar potentials generated by background fluxes. By studying the Newton polygons of the extremization conditions of all allowed scalar potentials and realizing the backreaction effects as Puiseux expansions, we find that this pattern forces a universal backreaction behavior of the large axion field on its saxion partner.
Development and validation of a cardiovascular risk prediction model in type 1 diabetes
Authors: McGurnaghan Stuart J. , McKeigue Paul M. , Read Stephanie H. , Franzen Stefan , Svensson Ann-Marie , Colombo Marco , Livingstone Shona , Farran Bassam , Caparrotta Thomas M. , Blackbourn Luke A. K. , Mellor Joseph , Thoma Ioanna , Sattar Naveed , Wild Sarah H. , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Colhoun Helen M. ,   on behalf of the Swedish National Diabetes Register and the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/hypothesisWe aimed to report current rates of CVD in type 1 diabetes and to develop a CVD risk prediction tool for type 1 diabetes.MethodsA cohort of 27,527 people with type 1 diabetes without prior CVD was derived from the national register in Scotland. Incident CVD events during 199,552 person-years of follow-up were ascertained using hospital admissions and death registers. A Poisson regression model of CVD was developed and then validated in the Swedish National Diabetes Register (n = 33,183). We compared the percentage with a high 10 year CVD risk (i.e., ≥10%) using the model with the percentage eligible for statins using current guidelines by age.ResultsThe age-standardised rate of CVD per 100,000 person-years was 4070 and 3429 in men and women, respectively, with type 1 diabetes in Scotland, and 4014 and 3956 in men and women in Sweden. The final model was well calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow testp > 0.05) and included a further 22 terms over a base model of age, sex and diabetes duration (C statistic 0.82; 95% CI 0.81, 0.83). The model increased the base model C statistic from 0.66 to 0.80, from 0.60 to 0.75 and from 0.62 to 0.68 in those aged <40, 40–59 and ≥ 60 years, respectively (allpvalues <0.005). The model required minimal calibration in Sweden and had a C statistic of 0.85. Under current guidelines, >90% of those aged 20–39 years and 100% of those≥40 years with type 1 diabetes were eligible for statins, but it was not until age 65 upwards that 100% had a modelled risk of CVD≥10% in 10 years.Conclusions/interpretationA prediction tool such as that developed here can provide individualised risk predictions. This 10 year CVD risk prediction tool could facilitate patient discussions regarding appropriate statin prescribing. Apart from 10 year risk, such discussions may also consider longer-term CVD risk, the potential for greater benefits from early vs later statin intervention, the potential impact on quality of life of an early CVD event and evidence on safety, all of which could influence treatment decisions, particularly in younger people with type 1 diabetes.Graphical abstract
Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Zhou Ziyi , Macpherson John , Gray Stuart R. , Gill Jason M. R. , Welsh Paul , Celis-Morales Carlos , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P. , Ho Frederick K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
People with obesity and a normal metabolic profile are sometimes referred to as having ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ (MHO). However, whether this group of individuals are actually ‘healthy’ is uncertain. This study aims to examine the associations of MHO with a wide range of obesity-related outcomes.

Methods
This is a population-based prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants with a median follow-up of 11.2 years. MHO was defined as having a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and at least four of the six metabolically healthy criteria. Outcomes included incident diabetes and incident and fatal atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), heart failure (HF) and respiratory diseases.

Results
Compared with people who were not obese at baseline, those with MHO had higher incident HF (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.45, 1.75) and respiratory disease (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16, 1.25) rates, but not higher ASCVD. The associations of MHO were generally weaker for fatal outcomes and only significant for all-cause (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04, 1.21) and HF mortality rates (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.09, 1.89). However, when compared with people who were metabolically healthy without obesity, participants with MHO had higher rates of incident diabetes (HR 4.32; 95% CI 3.83, 4.89), ASCVD (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.10, 1.27), HF (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.61, 1.92), respiratory diseases (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.24, 1.33) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.14, 1.31). The results with a 5 year landmark analysis were similar.

Conclusions/interpretation
Weight management should be recommended to all people with obesity, irrespective of their metabolic status, to lower risk of diabetes, ASCVD, HF and respiratory diseases. The term ‘MHO’ should be avoided as it is misleading and different strategies for risk stratification should be explored.

Graphical abstract
Costless delay in negotiations
Authors: Herings P. Jean-Jacques , Houba Harold 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study bargaining models in discrete time with a finite number of players, stochastic selection of the proposing player, endogenously determined sets and orders of responders, and a finite set of feasible alternatives. The standard optimality conditions and system of recursive equations may not be sufficient for the existence of a subgame perfect equilibrium in stationary strategies (SSPE) in case of costless delay. We present a characterization of SSPE that is valid for both costly and costless delay. We address the relationship between an SSPE under costless delay and the limit of SSPEs under vanishing costly delay. An SSPE always exists when delay is costly, but not necessarily so under costless delay, even when mixed strategies are allowed for. This is surprising as a quasi SSPE, a solution to the optimality conditions and the system of recursive equations, always exists. The problem is caused by the potential singularity of the system of recursive equations, which is intimately related to the possibility of perpetual disagreement in the bargaining process.