bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, 2024 update
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Gong , Zhang Zhen , Yuan Ying , Wang Yi , Gao Yuan‐Hong , Sheng Weiqi , Wang Zixian , Li Xinxiang , Yuan Xianglin , Cai Sanjun , Ren Li , Liu Yunpeng , Xu Jianmin , Zhang Yanqiao , Liang Houjie , Wang Xicheng , Zhou Aiping , Ying Jianming , Li Guichao , Cai Muyan , Ji Gang , Li Taiyuan , Wang Jingyu , Hu Hanguang , Nan Kejun , Wang Liuhong , Zhang Suzhan , Li Jin , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe 2024 updates of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Clinical Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer emphasize standardizing cancer treatment in China, highlighting the latest advancements in evidence‐based medicine, healthcare resource access, and precision medicine in oncology. These updates address disparities in epidemiological trends, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor biology, treatment approaches, and drug selection for colorectal cancer patients across diverse regions and backgrounds. Key revisions include adjustments to evidence levels for intensive treatment strategies, updates to regimens for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/ microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) patients, proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/ microsatellite stability (MSS) patients who have failed standard therapies, and rectal cancer patients with low recurrence risk. Additionally, recommendations for digital rectal examination and DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE)/ DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) gene mutation testing have been strengthened. The 2024 CSCO Guidelines are based on both Chinese and international clinical research, as well as expert consensus, ensuring their relevance and applicability in clinical practice, while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor, impartiality, and timely updates.
Seasonal Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Photoprotective Activities of Psidium guajava L. Leaves
Authors: Gomes August Elaine Mara , Horn Priscila Aparecida , Cavichioli Natalia , Rebelo Andrey Martinez , Reinke Cássia Katrin , Zeni Ana Lúcia Bertarello 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals from extracts of Psidium guajava L. leaves (P. guajava extract [PGE]) and its antioxidant and photoprotective effects. PGE showed constant production of total phenolics and maintained high antioxidant capacity across seasons and years. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed the phenolic compounds quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin, vanillic acid, and syringic acid, as well as two new compounds, syringaldehyde and ferulic acid. The high sun protection factor (SPF) was observed in all seasons. The phytochemicals ferulic acid, syringic acid, and quercetin were correlated with cloudiness and humidity. Antioxidant activity was correlated with vanillic acid, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and tannins, and SPF with temperature, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, vanillic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. The formulations containing UVA/UVB filters or not, plus aqueous autumn extract, showed an increase in SPF. Therefore, the results suggested that PGE has potential photoprotective and antioxidant agents for the production of new sunscreen formulations with environmental and health benefits.
Intravascular Lithotripsy: A Promising Treatment for Calcified Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Alraies M. Chadi , Basit Jawad 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) uses sonic pressure waves to treat severely calcified coronary lesions, offering a minimally invasive option for complex PCI procedures.
The study by Oliver. et al, supports IVL as a safe and effective treatment for ACS patients with calcified lesions, particularly in challenging anatomical scenarios like the left main artery.
The study's observational design, short follow‐up (1 year), small sample size, and male‐dominant population limit the broader applicability of the findings.
Despite limitations, the study highlights IVL's potential in treating severely calcified coronary lesions and suggests it could be an alternative to traditional therapies, especially in high‐risk cases.
pH‐ and Saccharide‐Responsive Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Boronic Acid Moieties Displaying a Wide Range of Phosphorescence Colors
Authors: Suzuki Yota , Imanishi Ikumi , Shiba Koki , Furuichi Shino , Takata Mari , Sugaya Tomoaki , Ishihara Koji 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle compounds displaying a wide range of luminescent colors are attractive optical materials for sensor applications. In this study, we present the beneficial combination of a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex scaffold and boronic acid units for designing stimulus‐responsive luminescent materials with various emission colors. Five iridium(III) complexes bearing a diboronic acid ligand (bpyB2) were synthesized: Ir(C^N)bpyB2 (C^N=2‐phenylpyridine (1), 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine (2), 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)pyridine (3), benzo[h]quinoline (4), 1‐phenylisoquinoline (5)). The luminescence color of Complexes 1–4 changed in response to the solution pH or saccharide concentration. Complex 1 exhibited a color change from orange to green‐blue due to structural alteration of the boronic acid moiety from trigonal to tetrahedral. Furthermore, the luminescence color of Complex 1 changed reversibly due to repetitive changes in the solution pH between 5 and 10, enabling tuning of the luminescence color and pH tracking. Furthermore, the color range was tuned by selecting an appropriate C^N ligand. Time‐dependent density functional theory investigations revealed that the dramatic and reversible color changes could be ascribed to a switch in the electronic distribution in the lowest excited state from bpyB2 to C^N. The stimulus‐responsive iridium(III) complexes provide a prospective scaffold for future applications in color‐tunable optical devices and chemosensing systems.
Deciphering the Role of Crown‐ether Receptor Orientation in C‐H Oxidation Catalyzed by Supramolecular Nonheme FeIV(O) Complexes
Authors: Fagnano Alessandro , Capocasa Giorgio , Frateloreto Federico , Latini Leonardo , Mortera Stefano Levi , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Di Stefano Stefano , Olivo Giorgio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe outstanding efficiency and selectivity of enzymatic reactions, such as C−H oxidation by nonheme iron oxygenases, stems from a precise control of substrate positioning inside the active site. The resulting proximity between a specific moiety (a certain C−H bond) and the reactant (a FeIV(O) active species) translates into higher rates and selectivity, that can be in part replicated also with artificial supramolecular catalysts. However, structural modification of the position and orientation of the binding site both in enzymes and in artificial catalysts often leads to significant variations in reactivity that can be difficult to rationalize due to the system‘s complexity. Herein, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of such a structural modification (namely receptor orientation) on the C−H oxidation reactivity (kinetics, Effective Molarity) and selectivity by comparing simple supramolecular FeIV(O) models. Overall, we did not observe significant differences in reaction rates, but we noticed slight changes in the selectivity profile. These results indicate that, when a crown‐ether is employed as a recognition site, the key ingredient for enhanced reactivity is the presence of the supramolecular receptor itself rather than its exact orientation, providing a guide for the rational design of supramolecular catalysts.
Storage Failure Mechanisms and Modifications of Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials: From Polycrystalline to Single‐Crystal Forms†
Authors: An Ran , Su Yuefeng , Yang Chenxing , Zhu Xinyu , Wang Yihong , Li Yongjian , Chen Lai , Lu Yun , Huang Qing , Wang Meng , Li Ning , Wu Feng 
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive SummaryNi‐rich cathode materials, exemplified by LiNi1–x–yCoxMnyO2 (NCM), have significantly propelled Li‐ion battery (LIB) technology forward owing to their high energy density. However, the long‐term storage stability of these materials remains a critical challenge that must be addressed. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the storage failure mechanisms in both polycrystalline (PC‐NCM) and single crystal (SC‐NCM) forms, a topic that has been seldom reviewed. It delves into the microstructural changes and performance degradation that occur during storage, emphasizing the effects of environmental factors on NCM materials, including the formation of surface impurities and structural deterioration. Additionally, the review discusses various enhancement strategies, such as surface coatings, doping, and gas treatments, which are designed to improve storage stability. Furthermore, the review projects insights from current polycrystalline studies to suggest future research directions aimed at enhancing the air stability of SC‐NCM, which is vital for improving the safety and durability of LIBs.Key Scientists
Probabilistic weighted Dirichlet process mixture with an application to stochastic volatility models
Authors: Sun Peng , Kim Inyoung , Lee Ki‐Ahm 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, we propose a flexible Bayesian modelling framework and investigate the probabilistic weighted Dirichlet process mixture (pWDPM). The construction and properties of a probabilistic weight function are illustrated. The advantage of the pWDPM under the log‐squared transformed stochastic volatility (SV) model is demonstrated. We achieve greater modelling flexibility by relaxing the distributional assumption of the error term. Bayesian inference for the pWDPM under SV and sampling procedures are provided. The performance of the pWDPM is evaluated using simulation studies and empirical results. Both computational efficiency and model accuracy are achieved through the pWDPM.
Dielectric and Thermal Behavior of Al‐Doped Cobalt Titanate Nanoparticles
Authors: Bharathi K. , Naidu K. Chandra Babu , Basha D. Baba , Chandrasekhar Madunuri , Reddy L. Siva Sankara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe AlxCo1‐xTiO3+δ (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 & 0.8) (ACTO) nanoparticles are synthesized via hydrothermal method at low operating temperature of 423 K/8 h. The diiffraction patterns confirm the tetragonal phases of ACTO along with the secondary phases (*Co3O4). The morphology shows the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles. In addition, for x = 0.2–0.4, a = b & c values are found to be decreasing from 0.3776 to 0.3771 nm & 0.8887–0.8878 nm, respectively, while for x = 0.6–0.8, the same values are found to be decreasing from 0.3780 to 0.3778 nm & 0.8881–0.8879 nm, respectively. The M–H curves provide the pure paramagnetic nature for x = 0.6 & 0.8 while the weak ferromagnetic nature for x = 0.2 & 0.4. At 8 MHz, the ɛ′ value of x = 0.2 (high cobalt content) shows the stabilized ɛ′ of ≈32.5 and the ɛ″ values of ACTO are changing from ≈1.6–10.6. Therefore, the x = 0.2 shows the high ɛ′ & ɛ″ suitable for high frequency dielectric absorber applications. The exponent “n” values determined using power law fit are noted to be increasing from 0.512 to 0.852 for x = 0.2–0.6 while the same is decreased to 0.664 for x = 0.8. All the “n” values are less than one and shows that the polaron hopping is slower than site relaxation. The mass loss, decomposition of various ingredient species, and other transition temperatures are evaluated by thermal study.
Mallard Hybridization With Domesticated Lineages Alters Spring Migration Behavior and Timing
Authors: Bakner Nicholas W. , Masto Nicholas M. , Lavretsky Philip , Highway Cory J. , Keever Allison C. , Blake‐Bradshaw Abigail G. , Askren Ryan J. , Hagy Heath M. , Feddersen Jamie C. , Osborne Douglas C. , Cohen Bradley S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntrogressive hybridization, the interbreeding and gene flow between different species, has become increasingly common in the Anthropocene, where human‐induced ecological changes and the introduction of captively reared individuals are increasing secondary contact among closely related species, leading to gene flow between wild and domesticated lineages. As a result, domesticated‐wild hybridization may potentially affect individual fitness, leading to maladaptive effects such as shifts in behavior or life‐history decisions (e.g., migration patterns), which could influence population demographics. In North America, the release of captive‐reared game‐farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) for hunting has led to extensive hybridization with wild mallards, altering the genetic structure in the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways. We aimed to investigate differences in spring migratory behavior among 296 GPS‐tagged mallards captured during winter in Tennessee and Arkansas with varying levels of hybridization. Despite relatively low levels of genetic introgression of game‐farm genes, mallards with higher percentages of game‐farm ancestry exhibited later departure and arrival times, shorter migration distances, and a tendency to establish residency at lower latitudes. Specifically, for every 10% increase in game‐farm genetics, mallards departed 17.7% later, arrived 22.1% later, settled 3.3% farther south, and traveled 7.1% shorter distances during migration. These findings suggest that genetic introgression from game‐farm mallards influences migratory behavior, potentially reducing fitness, and contributing to population declines in wild mallards. Our study presents a need for understanding how domestic hybridization effects fitness and behavioral change of other species.
Controlled Signal Technique in VL‐NOMA Communication Under Interference‐Controlled Environment With Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces
Authors: Ngene C. E. , Thakur Prabhat , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a controlled signal technique for visible light non‐orthogonal multiple access (VL‐NOMA) communication in an interference‐controlled environment with intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) for beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communication networks. The light‐emitting diode (LED) is used for carrier signal generation to transmit signals to the two users (photodiodes, PDs) due to its advantages, such as its programmable nature and flexibility. The potential challenge is how the signals could be controlled with an IRS approach, which prompted this research. We have used IRS, which is a cutting‐edge enabling technology that modifies the signal's reflection by utilizing numerous inexpensive passive reflecting elements to improve the signal's performance. Furthermore, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is deployed to control the reflected signals, simulate, make decisions, and link LED‐IRS‐PDs, redirecting the signals. The entire system is successfully synchronized, and then the bit error rate (BER), line of sight (LOS), and non‐line of sight (NLOS) performances are investigated. Furthermore, we place a blocker at the center of the model as a NLOS to check how the transmitted signals will perform. We observed that the propagated signal improved the BER as per LOS, hence, the NLOS blocker reduced the signal's performance. Furthermore, we optimized the signals to investigate BER, LOS, and NLOS signal performance. We observed that LOS signals performed better than NLOS signals.
A Snapshot of Central Bank (Two‐Year) Forecasting: A Mixed Picture
Authors: Goodhart Charles A. E. , Pradhan Manoj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBetween 2001 and 2023, Central Bank forecasts were patently inaccurate. In this paper, we argue that many of such forecast failings were already present during the earlier years of inflation targetry. Central Banks normally adjust monetary policy so that inflation hits the Inflation Target (IT) within two years. Since a central bank must believe its policy stance is appropriate to achieve this goal, its inflation forecast at the two‐year horizon should generally be close to target. We examine whether this has held for three main Central Banks, Bank of England, ECB, and Fed. Although over the IT period prior to 2020, both forecasts and outcomes were commendably close to target, we found that this was due to a sizeable forecast underestimate of the effects of policy and inherent resilience to revive inflation after the GFC crisis hit, largely offset by an overestimate of the effect of monetary policy to restore inflation to target during the more normal times. We attribute such latter overestimation to an unwarranted belief in forward‐looking, “well anchored”, expectations amongst households and firms, and to a failure to recognize the underlying disinflationary trends, especially in 2010–2019. We outline a novel means for assessing whether these latter trends were primarily demand driven, e.g. secular stagnation, or supply shocks, a labor supply surge. Finally, we examine how forecasts for the uncertainty of outcomes and relative risk (skew) to the central forecast have developed by examining the Bank of England's fan chart, again at the two‐year horizon.
Cost Outcomes of Virtual Surgical Planning in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xiao Jenny B. , Banyi Norbert , Tran Khanh Linh , Prisman Eitan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVirtual surgical planning (VSP) is an emerging method in head and neck reconstruction with demonstrated benefits, however, its economic viability is supported with mixed evidence.MethodsA structured search was performed in five electronic databases. Studies that performed an economic evaluation on VSP in head and neck reconstruction were included. Data regarding VSP workflow, costs, and variables influencing costs were recorded and synthesized.ResultsEighteen studies met the final inclusion criteria (n = 733). Fourteen out of 18 studies (78%) found that VSP either generated cost savings or was comparable to freehand surgery (FHS). The majority of cost savings were generated from reduced OR times and LOS/LOH. In addition, greater cost savings were associated with in‐house VSP workflows compared to those that are outsourced.ConclusionVSP is potentially cost‐beneficial compared to traditional unplanned surgery, however, substantial heterogeneity amongst methods and outcome measures impedes the generalizability of these findings.
Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024504398
Outcomes of Radical Radiotherapy (RT) or Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Surgically Inoperable Advanced Oral Cavity Cancer: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Shenoy Shashank , Mallick Ankita , Pati Sudipta , Chatterjee Sanjoy , Mallick Indranil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with locally advanced, surgically unresectable oral squamous cell cancers (SU‐OSCC) are often treated with palliative intent. There is limited information on the outcomes of radical intent treatment with radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsWe retrospectively examined patients with Stage III/IV previously untreated SU‐OSCC treated definitively from 2011 to 2021 in a single institution with RT or CRT with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).ResultsSixty‐nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Oral tongue (38%) and buccal mucosa (32%) were the commonest subsites. T4a, T4b, and N2‐3 disease were present in 28 (40.6%), 26 (37.7%), and 39 (56.5%) patients, respectively. Median OS and PFS of the whole group were 16 months and 10 months. The 2‐year loco‐regional control was 60.4%. Bone involvement or NACT use did not affect outcomes.ConclusionsUpfront radical RT/CRT in patients with SU‐OSCC with good performance status results in good outcomes and should be preferred to a palliative approach.
Adiposity and risks of gastrointestinal cancers: A 10‐year prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults
Authors: Chan Wing Ching , Millwood Iona , Kartsonaki Christiana , Du Huaidong , Schmidt Daniel , Stevens Rebecca , Chen Junshi , Pei Pei , Yu Canqing , Sun Dianjianyi , Lv Jun , Han Xianyong , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Yang Ling ,   for the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Collaborative Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractAssociations of adiposity with risks of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and non‐cardia stomach cancer, both prevalent in China, are still inconclusive. While adiposity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the relevance of fat‐free mass and early‐adulthood adiposity remains to be explored. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study included 0.5 million adults (aged 30–79 years) from 10 areas in China. Participants' body size and composition were measured at baseline and at resurveys (amongst a subset). After >10 years of follow‐up, 2350, 3345 and 3059 incident cases of oesophageal (EC), stomach (SC) and colorectal (CRC) cancers were recorded, respectively. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for these cancers in relation to different adiposity traits. General and central adiposity were inversely associated with EC (primarily ESCC) risk, with HRs of 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.85), 0.76 (0.72–0.81) and 0.87 (0.83–0.92) per SD increase in usual levels of BMI, body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC), respectively. Adiposity was also inversely associated with SC risk [HR = 0.79 (0.75–0.83) and 0.88 (0.84–0.92) per SD increase in usual BF% and WC], with heterogeneity by cardia and non‐cardia subsites, and positively associated with CRC [HR = 1.09 (1.03–1.15) and 1.17 (1.12–1.22) per SD higher usual BF% and WC]. Fat‐free mass was inversely associated with EC [HR = 0.93 (0.89–0.98) per SD increase] but positively associated with CRC [1.09 (1.04–1.14)], while BMI at age 25 was positively associated with all three cancers. After mutual adjustment, general adiposity remained inversely associated with EC and SC, while central adiposity remained positively associated with CRC.
Synergistic pincer catalysis by closely adjacent single atoms and nanoclusters for superior lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Jiabing , Zhang Xinyu , Li Hongyang , Jia Shufeng , Li Jianhui , Li Qiang , Zhang Yongguang , Li Gaoran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe practical application of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries is seriously impeded by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we develop an advanced sulfur electrocatalyst that integrates single‐atom Co‐N4 moieties with Co nanoclusters on N‐rich hollow carbon nanospheres (Co‐ACSA@NC). The proximity of single atoms and nanoclusters establishes a synergistic “pincer” interaction with polysulfides through dual modes of coordinate and chemical bonding. Moreover, electron donation from the Co nanocluster enhances the bonding between polysulfide and Co‐N4, further improving the immobilization and catalytic conversion of sulfur species. The hollow and porous carbon support not only exposes the abundant active sites efficiently, but also serves as a confined nanoreactor for well‐tamed sulfur reactions. As a result, the S/Co‐ACSA@NC cathode exhibits excellent cyclability over 500 cycles with minimal attenuation of 0.018% per cycle. A high areal capacity of 11.15 mAh cm−2 can be obtained even under high sulfur loading (13.1 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (E/S = 4.0 μL mg−1), while a 2.38‐Ah pouch cell is also demonstrated with a commendable energy density over 307.7 Wh kg−1. This work offers a unique “pincer” catalysis strategy for boosting sulfur electrochemistry, paving the way to high‐performance and practically viable Li‐S batteries.image