bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a national waterborne disease outbreak surveillance system: overview and preliminary results, France, 2010 to 2019
Authors: Pouey Jerome , Galey Catherine , Chesneau Julie , Jones Gabrielle , Franques Nathalie , Beaudeau Pascal ,   groupe des référents régionaux EpiGEH, Mouly Damien 
Published: August 2021

Background
Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDO) associated with tap water consumption are probably underestimated in France.

Aim
In order to improve their detection, Santé publique France launched a surveillance system in 2019, based on the periodical analysis of health insurance data for medicalised acute gastroenteritis (mAGE).

Methods
Spatio-temporal cluster detection methods were applied to mAGE cases to prioritise clusters for further investigation. These investigations determined the plausibility that infection is of waterborne origin and the strength of association.

Results
Between January 2010 and December 2019, 3,323 priority clusters were detected (53,878 excess mAGE cases). They involved 3,717 drinking water supply zones (WSZ), 15.4% of all French WSZ. One third of these WSZ (33.4%; n = 1,242 WSZ) were linked to repeated clusters. Moreover, our system detected 79% of WBDO voluntarily notified to health authorities.

Conclusion
Environmental investigations of detected clusters are necessary to determine the plausibility that infection is of waterborne origin. Consequently, they contribute to identifying which WSZ are linked to clusters and for which specific actions are needed to avoid future outbreaks. The surveillance system incorporates three priority elements: linking environmental investigations with water safety plan management, promoting the systematic use of rainfall data to assess waterborne origin, and focusing on repeat clusters. In the absence of an alternative clear hypothesis, the occurrence of a mAGE cluster in a territory completely matching a distribution zone indicates a high plausibility of water origin.
The Nexus of COVID-19 Pandemic, Foreign Exchange Rates, and Short-Term Returns
Authors: Chaudhry Ali Farhan 
Published: August 2021

The current study examines short-term abnormal returns of eight major currencies including EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/AUD, USD/CAD, USD/CHF, USD/CNY, USD/JPY, and USD/SEK in response to the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic using event study approach in three different scenarios. Firstly, short-term abnormal returns of major currencies are estimated on the day of World Health Organization’s (WHO) announcement declaring COVID-19 as a pandemic. Secondly, they are estimated on the day of the announcement of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the respective country. Thirdly, they are estimated on the day of the announcement of the first death from COVID-19 in each country. The results provided evidence that major currency investors earned positive returns in these three different scenarios. The implications of the current study are more important than anticipated. Government policymakers, foreign exchange market regulators, and foreign exchange market participants can anticipate short-term returns while establishing foreign exchange policies, designing rules and regulations, and finalizing trading and hedging strategies, respectively, in situations such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Received Date: September 20, 20202 Last Received: October 23, 2020 Acceptance: November 13, 2020
Economics of COVID-19: A case of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Yasmeen Sadia , Sohail Hadia 
Published: August 2021

Desperate times call for desperate measures. This study explores those assessment tools which may enlighten the current pandemic situation. It assesses the link between the COVID-19 incidence and its effects on the length of the expected recessionary period in the region. Being a developing economy, the Prime Minister of Pakistan feared that the severity of recession because of a strict lockdown may not be tolerable. This study developed a theoretical model to explain the possible parameters and tradeoffs which can help in the decision to ease the lockdown. Previously, social and print media focused on the reporting of COVID-19 cases and consequently, its mortality rate. This study used the relative forms of recovery and mortality rates to assess their quadratic/nonlinear pattern with respect to time. It is proposed here that the government should use more complicated plots to assess how COVID-19 is evolving and should also prepare a fact-finding team to assess the situation for easing the lockdown.
Received Date: June 30, 20202 Last Received: October 10, 2020 Acceptance: December 8, 2020
Measuring the Impact of Coronavirus at Grassroot Level in Pakistan: Perils, Pitfalls and Preventive Strategies
Authors: Zareen Memoona , Ahmad Nawaz , Arif Munazza 
Published: August 2021

At the forefront of strategists and policymakers' minds stand the catastrophic circumstances of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Severe trauma of unprecedented economic shocks and financial crises brought the country's mechanism to experience a sudden halt. It is necessary to consider how to accelerate recovery and mitigate the spread of negative consequences affecting sectors, industries, institutions, and diverse ventures. Amidst the existing vulnerabilities imposed by inadequate resources and constrained mobility of necessities, the sustainable measures balancing costs and benefits will equip Pakistani communities to fight the corona war proficiently. We analyze the size of adversities hurting various types of individuals, variations in an inflow of economic and financial activities, and reactions to massive disturbances, albeit to different levels. Aligned with in-depth insights and findings, the development of preventive strategies in these desperate times can protect Pakistan's economy from long-lasting disruptions, landing on the safe zone over the coming years.
Received Date: October 13, 2020 Last Received: December 10, 2020 Acceptance: December 30, 2020
Empirical Implications of Decentralization Dimensions and the Role of Political Institutions in the Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Kalim Dr Rukhsana 
Published: August 2021

Decentralization is the fundamental policy variable used to enhance the allocative efficiency through public spending / tax priorities, subject to the local demand. The current study evaluates the impact of the various dimensions of decentralization on the economic growth of Pakistan for the years 1972-2018. Ng-Perron tests and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) were applied to fix the unit root problem in the time series data. To find the cointegration among decentralization, the role of institutions, and economic growth the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL) was used. The outcomes suggested that tax decentralization is a growth promoting policy. On the contrary, administrative and political decentralization negatively affect the economic growth. The analysis shows that political freedom also has a growth retarding impact on the economy. The current study is useful regarding the policy implications of the process of decentralization.
Inter/transculturalidade na Amazônia
Authors: Meunier Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Inter/transculturalidade na Amazônia

Sumário: A transmissão tradicional dos conhecimentos nas sociedades da oralidade e o modelo ocidental da forma escolar podem aparecer a priori dicotômicas, o que frequentemente contribuiu para o seu desenvolvimento justaposto e frequentemente um processo de dominação do segundo sobre as primeiras. No Brasil, após o processo republicano que visa assimilar as populações indígenas à Nação durante os anos 1970-1980, estas últimas organizaram-se para salvaguardar seu território e sua identidade cultural, o que preparado, desde os anos noventa, na generalização de uma educação escolar intercultural nos territórios indígenas, abrindo a forma escolar ocidental aos conhecimentos socioculturais indígenas. Assistimos a invenção institucional de uma escola indígena em um contexto de questionamento da hegemonia de dispositivos e das visões do mundo procedentes da colonização e da construção do Estado-nação brasileiro. Esta dinâmica inscreve-se no âmbito de um processo de transição democrática e de descentralização que caracteriza uma nova forma de governança de uma grande parte dos países da América Latina onde os territórios indígenas e os recursos dos quais dispõem podem ser preservados. Tem-se a possibilidade de desenvolver uma outra visão da educação escolar baseada numa dialética entre conhecimentos indígenas e conhecimentos escolares numa perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustentável dos territórios indígenas. Novas experiências começam a efetuar-se a partir do fim dos anos 2000 no ensino médio numa perspectiva “integrada” e o estudo de caso da escola Pamáali informa-nos sobre a maneira como foi organizado e sua articulação com os aspectos culturais, linguísticos, societais e ambientais específicos dos povos Baniwa e Coripaco que são os protagonistas.

Palavras-chave: Educação bilingue intercultural, povos indígenas, desenvolvimento sustentável, Amazônia, Baniwa.
Introduzindo o campo da literacia em saúde: conceito, usos e reflexões para a saúde pública
Authors: Barbosa Leticia 
Published: August 2021

Como indivíduos buscam, avaliam, compreendem e utilizam informação sobre saúde? O livro Literacia em saúde oferece possíveis respostas e outras reflexões sobre essa questão. Literacia em saúde pode ser entendida como o conjunto de habilidades e competências acionado por indivíduos e coletividades para buscar, selecionar e dar significado às informações sobre saúde. Nessa perspectiva, o livro em questão discute as relações que se configuram entre a literacia em saúde e as possibilidades de uso das informações em saúde no cuidado próprio e do outro, além de apontar possíveis aplicações na estruturação de políticas públicas e no cotidiano do sistema de saúde e estabelecer um diálogo com a pandemia de Covid-19 em curso.
Cinemateca Brasileira: O sequestro e a destruição de nossa memória audiovisual
Authors: Morettin Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

Esta nota trata da crise que atingiu a Cinemateca Brasileira desde 2019, historiando os seus motivos e avaliando os danos provocados pelas últimas ações governamentais. O empenho em descrever neste trabalho as atividades da Cinemateca Brasileira e o que ela representa para toda a sociedade aponta para a convicção de que, mesmo em meio à gravidade do quadro atual, a instituição sobreviverá. Não será por vontade do atual governo ou por virtude de moto-contínuo, mas pela reação da nossa sociedade civil e da Justiça de nosso país ao conjunto de desacertos que a atingiu em cheio.
Analisis Manfaat Penggunaan Aplikasi Zoom Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Guru Dan Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kuntarto Eko , Sofwan Muhammad , Mulyani Nurlaili 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manfaat dari penggunaan aplikasi zoom dalam pembelajaran daring bagi guru dan siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8 informan, terdiri dari dua guru kelas V dan enam siswa kelas Vc. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan aplikasi zoom memberikan banyak manfaat bagi guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi. Manfaat bagi guru diantaranya memudahkan mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, memudahkan berinteraksi bersama siswa, memberikan variasi dalam pembelajaran daring, menciptakan pembelajaran daring yang aktif , sedangkan manfaat penggunaan zoom bagi siswa diantaranya memudahkan memahami materi, meningkatkan semangat belajar daring, menghilangkan rasa bosan belajar daring. Manfaat yang dirasakan guru dan siswa tersebut memberikan dampak yang positif dalam pembelajaran daring sehingga menjadi lebih efektif.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sejati Amelia Wahyu , Muhroji  , Rosyadi Ajib , Wulandari Desi Tri , Hidayat Muhamad Taufik 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi dalam aspek spiritual, afektif dan psikomotorik. Jenis penelitian yangndigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan desain deskriptif. Data yangndiperoleh oleh peneliti merupakan data yang berupa data primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi kepada 6 guru sekolah dasar negeri dan swasta yang terbagi pada guru kelas rendah dan kelas tinggi di Kecamatan Rembang, Pati, Purwodadi, Sragen, dan Kota Madya Surakarta. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah 1) Pengumpulan data, 2) Reduksi data, 3) Penyajian data, dan 4) Conclusions, keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi metode dengan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) Implementasi pembelajaran daring dalam ranah spiritual berdasarkan hasil wawancara diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencapaian pembelajaran daring pada ranah spiritual berjalan dengan maksimal, 2) Implementasi pembelajaran daring dalam ranah sikap berdasarkan hasil wawancara diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencapaian pembelajaran daring pada ranah sikap berjalan dengan maksimal, dan 3) Implementasi pembelajaran daring dalam ranah ketrampilan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencapaian pembelajaran daring pada ranah ketrampilan yang diterima siswa terdapat hasil yang maksimal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran dalam masa pandemi covid-19 pada guru sekolah dasar dengan pencapaian yang maksimal.
Views of Workers on Eliminating the Culture of Fear in Error Reporting
Authors: AYDENİZ Ecem , SEREN İNTEPELER Şeyda 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study examined nurses’ideas, views, and their recommendations for overcoming the barrier of fear in reporting medical errors.
Method: The study was conducted using the descriptive qualitative research method. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 nurses working in a training and research hospital. In the study sample, we included nurses who had completed their institutional orientation, and had been working for at least six months and agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Results: The results showed that fears continues to be a key factor in failing to report errors. The study determined three main themes for the elimination of fear: “Training/Informing,” “Expectations from Managers,” and “Facilitating Initiatives.”
Conclusions: Fear is an essential barrier in medical-error reporting. The views and recommendations of employees are crucial for solving this problem. The findings of this study are informative for guiding future research and managers.
A Pilot Study of a Screening Process for Evaluating the Physical, Mental and Cognitive Health of Senior Physicians
Authors: Bazzo David E. J. , Smith Patricia , Wenghofer Elizabeth F. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPhysicians are not immune to changes that accompany aging, including decreases in physical and cognitive health and abilities. Many are calling for, or turning to, screening senior physicians for decrements in their ability to provide safe care. Our purpose was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of a pilot screening process, which evaluates the physical, mental and cognitive health of senior physicians. The screening process was developed by the University of California, San Diego, Physician Assessment and Clinical Education Program. The screen included: mental health screening (PHQ-9, GAD-7, and substance abuse screen), cognitive health screening (MicroCog™ and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA©]) and physical health screening (medical history review and physical examination). Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted post-screening. Thirty senior physicians participated in the pilot process, including post-screening interviews. Eight (27%) participants were judged to “require”/“may require” further evaluation after cognitive assessment. No physicians were found to have physical or mental health issues that would prevent them from practicing competently. Interviews revealed that participants felt the screening process was a positive experience that was effective, acceptable, efficient and relevant to their practice. The results of this pilot study indicate that screening physical, mental and cognitive health is considered both feasible and acceptable to senior physicians. This is important as screening the health and cognition of senior physicians is integral to the national discussion related to regulation and patient safety.
The Adoption and Increased Use of Electronic Prescribing of Controlled Substances
Authors: Achar Suraj , Sinha Nikhil , Norcross William 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The electronic prescribing of controlled substances (EPCS) is now becoming implemented in most health care practices and pharmacies in the United States. This review aims to detail the steps needed for EPCS adoption and synthesize the most current literature on the benefits and challenges associated with its adoption. Our systematic review of seven published studies from 1990 to 2020 notes the benefits of EPCS in the reduction of errors, fraud, overprescribing, cost and efficiency improvements. There is limited published evidence of challenges, such as the cost of implementation and prescriber burden. With EPCS becoming a nationwide process, further research needs to be conducted to maximize the effectiveness of EPCS and explore additional benefits and challenges. We used a modified version of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system for systematic reviews highlighted in the “Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions” to assess the quality of the primary studies reviewed.1 Each author was tasked with determining the quality of each primary study reviewed and assigning a quality score of either high, moderate or low quality. Evidence stemming from randomized controlled trials starts as high quality while evidence from observational studies starts as low quality. Quality can be lowered by five factors: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, and publication bias and can be raised by a large magnitude of effect and a clear dose-response gradient. We extracted data from the text, tables and graphs of the original publications. Appendix A illustrates the quality of the studies. Databases reviewed included PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane and SCOPUS. The search was started in 1990, with the first wave of the opioid epidemic and the first published studies of e-prescribing, and continued to the year of 2020. The key phrases “electronic prescribing of controlled substances,” “e-prescribing of controlled substances,” “fraudulent prescribing of controlled substances,” “EPCS with PDMP,” and “drug interactions with e-prescribing of controlled drugs” were used as an inclusion criterion to search online scholarly databases for articles. Only primary and secondary data from reports, reviews and research studies written in English were included. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), American Academy of Family Medicine (AAFP), and nationally represented health information networks were used to obtain updated statistics regarding EPCS.
APPLICATION OF PNEUMATIC FORMWORK FOR REPAIR AND RESTORATION OF SEWER PIPELINES USING CLINKER BRICK AND POLYMER CONCRETE
Authors: GONCHARENKO D.F. , STARKOVA O.V. , GUDILIN R.I. , DEGTYAR Yev.H. 
Published: August 2021

Raising of problem. A significant part of wastewater in Ukrainian cities is discharged using sewer collectors with a diameter of 300 to 1 400 mm, the depth of which is within 3…8 m. A significant part of them is destroyed due to corrosion processes that take place in the surface space. Today, the problem of repair and restoration of sewerage networks is becoming especially relevant in connection with the increased requirements for environmental protection. Failure in sewer lines usually results in wastewater infiltration into groundwater and soil. During the repair and restoration of sewage collectors, open and closed methods of work are used. Taking into account that a significant part of sewage collectors passes through areas where there are no transport arteries, through agricultural land and have an insignificant depth of occurrence, and also the fact that their trough part, as a rule, cannot be destroyed due to corrosion, it is advisable to carry out repair and restoration work on them in an open way. Analysis of accidents on sewage collectors, which took place in different cities of Ukraine, showed that, as a rule, due to corrosion, intensive destruction of the roof of the collectors occurs. At the same time, the trough part of the collectors remains intact due to the fact that it is constantly filled with waste water. When repairing such sections of sewerage networks in recent years, operating organizations have been using polyethylene and fiberglass pipes. These smaller pipes are installed in the retained trough part, thus reducing the network diameter. The cost of new pipes is quite high, which in turn increases operating costs. The use of pneumatic formwork allows you to create a new collector, and as the main bearing element, you can use the saved tray part.
Purpose. Evaluation of the possibility of using known materials for the manufacture of pneumatic formwork, which will make it possible to carry out repair work to create a new vault using the trough part of the sewer collector as a supporting structure, which will significantly reduce repair costs compared to using pipes made of polymer materials.
Conclusion. The investigated samples of materials – fabric Mare 1400 and Hypolon (ORCA 828) – can be used for the manufacture of pneumatic formwork, since laboratory tests made it possible to conclude that there was no adhesion between concrete and material samples.