bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niektóre problemy jednego tłumaczenia i dwóch polskich wydań książki Umberta Eco La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea
Authors: Soliński Wojciech 
Published: May 2021

This short outline attempts to identify some problematic issues that may occur during translation of non-literary texts. The author focuses on a title’s “poetics,” seriality of non-literary translation ontologies and multilingualism of discourse. The author’s experience that he derived from the translation of Umberto Eco’s book entitled La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea is highly influential for this text.
Hungry Hearts and Broken Dreams at the Springsteen Motel
Authors: Herren Graley 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Over the course of his career, Bruce Springsteen returns to certain characters and preoccupations that he first chronicled in his album The River. One recurring scenario involves a man in a committed relationship who becomes dissatisfied, meets a woman at a bar, has an affair (sometimes at a nearby motel), and in the process blows up his seemingly stable life. Each time Springsteen returns to this scenario he offers interesting variations that evolve in perspective and tone. This article charts a musical road trip, beginning with “Hungry Heart” and “Stolen Car” on The River, descending into “One Step Up” on Tunnel of Love, detouring down “Highway 29” on The Ghost of Tom Joad, and culminating at the “Moonlight Motel” on Western Stars. It is a journey encompassing love and loss, faith and betrayal, self-knowledge and self-destruction, and the insatiable hunger for something to fill the void in the directionless lives of his characters.
Unsettled Movement: Music, Migration, and Community from Calypso to Springsteen and Steinbeck
Authors: McParland Robert 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The vitality and variety of music in North America is the result of immigration and transition: like a movement in music itself. From the sounds of the Caribbean, to those of Mexico, and from the blues to folk song, people in community have faced adversity and affirmed life with the uplifting energy of music.
The Beatles' 1964 Tour and Flipping Off Jim Crow
Authors: Gunderson Chuck 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The Beatles toured North America from 1964 to 1966. Perhaps the most controversial tour date was September 11, 1964, in Jacksonville, Florida. The southern states were adjusting to the eventual erasure of all Jim Crow laws when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law in July of 1964. The Beatles were due to play at the Gator Bowl in Jacksonville when word leaked out the concert would need to be segregated. For five decades the full story of the events surrounding that appearance has never been told. Attempts have been made, but errors constantly arise in the telling of the story. Who was threatening the segregation and how did Beatles manager Brian Epstein and the group members respond? The answer lies in meticulously deconstructing the chain of events that led up to the concert date. Who were the key players, the promoters and city officials who were involved? The concert went off as planned, but the journey was interesting.
In Praise of the Bruce Springsteen Archives & Center for American Music at Monmouth University
Authors: Allen Stephen Arthur 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This article summarizes Dr. Stephen Arthur Allen's professional relationship to the Bruce Springsteen Archives & Center for American Music at Monmouth University and his work on the music of Bruce Springsteen, which includes the creation of a course on Springsteen's music at Rider University.
Biodiversity and demographics of a snake assemblage in a semi-urban environment in south central Pennsylvania
Authors: Rodolfo Rep Vladimir , Meshaka Walter E. , Delis Pablo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Worldwide, snake populations are threatened by anthropogenic impacts such as habitat alteration. Conservation efforts are being implemented, but many of these impacts are hard to overcome. Herpetological studies in anthropogenically affected areas are few and inconsistent. This study assesses the snake community at Shippensburg University, which is affected by urban and agricultural stresses. From 2011 to 2015, we deployed and checked 42 cover boards. Four species were detected: the eastern gartersnake (Thamnophissirtalis sirtalis), the northern watersnake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon), the eastern ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis), and the eastern milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum). This anthropogenically impacted assemblage was uneven, dominated by the eastern gartersnake, and comprised fewer snakes than in natural habitats elsewhere in Pennsylvania. This study provides a measure of how snakes can respond in one of many kinds of human-impacted sites in the Commonwealth and highlights the effect that seasonal mowing can have on snake assemblages.
Determinants of the invasion of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae) in northeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Kunkel David M. , Chen Grace F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The invasive species Alliaria petiolata threatens forest understories as it alters soil nutrients and microbial composition, thereby changing the local plant community. To investigate the environmental factors influencing its invasion, we hypothesized that the performance of A. petiolata is limited by resource availability and plant biodiversity, but facilitated by disturbance. We quantified light intensity, herbivory damage, plant fitness and coverage, biodiversity, and the distance to the nearest road in 25 plots in northeastern Pennsylvania that varied in density of A. petiolata. We found that high-light-intensity plots were positively correlated with herbivory damage, and plant coverage decreased as the distance to the road increased. However, the plant relative fitness and coverage were not directly influenced by light availability nor by the biodiversity of the plot. We conclude that the invasion of A. petiolata is facilitated by human disturbance and partially limited by resource availability, but not prohibited by biodiversity in its introduced range.
Capturing aerial insects available as food for chimney swifts in western Pennsylvania using a tethered balloon
Authors: Winstead Daniel J. , Tomon Timothy J. , Winstead Ray L. , Mikolay William J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents the relative abundance of aerial insects available for chimney swifts (Chaetura pelagica) to eat in Indiana, Pennsylvania in April, May, and June of 2006. Aerial insects were captured on acrylic “sticky traps” attached to the tether rope of a 3.048-m-diameter helium balloon at heights of 27 to 55 m above the ground. The methodology is evaluated, and we conclude that the described method can be carried out successfully and does provide useful data, but also has practical difficulties. The total sample size was 716 individual organisms (685 insects and 31 spiders) captured over 115.84 collecting hours. This study provides baseline information and recommendations for future studies within the context of conservation, especially concerning changes in relative abundance of aerial insect orders used for food by insectivores, such as chimney swifts. Historical and current aerial insect sampling methods are discussed.
Some Concepts and Techniques in Geochemical Exploration
Authors: Overstreet William C. , Marsh Sherman P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Geochemical exploration, a relatively new methodology in the search for ore deposits, is based on established principles of the geochemical cycle and distribution of the elements. The rise of this new technique is directly attributable to the huge demands placed by industrial development on the continuance of supplies of mineral raw materials. Until recently the emphasis in exploration for ores has been on exposed mineral deposits, but future supplies must come largely from concealed deposits; these will be found by using varied techniques of sampling and analysis combined with improved models of ore genesis and distribution. Exploration geochemistry offers great advantages in the search for mineral deposits when conducted with the support of other geological and geophysical methods. Some examples of geochemistry applied to mineral exploration were selected from work by the U.S. Geological Survey to provide as broad a spectrum as possible of geochemical concepts and procedures in relation to deposit types, geometry of exposure, climatic environment, scale, and sample media. Adaptations and modifications of these procedures are expected to have prominent roles in future exploration for concealed mineral deposits.
The Environment of Exploration: Economic, Organizational, and Social Constraints
Authors: Snow Geoffrey G. , Mackenzie Brian W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Exploration has a positive value to society. For example, about $60 million of new wealth or economic surplus results from the discovery of an economic base metal deposit in the Canadian Shield. To make its contribution to society, the exploration organization operates in an environment comprising the public, governments, the mining organization, geology, and the mineral endowment of the earth.
Exploration is the first and most strategic phase of the mineral supply process. Corporate exploration decisions affect profit, growth, and survival considerations of the mining company. Mineral exploration is a sequential information-gathering process, punctuated by a succession of tests which provide perceptions of costs, risks, and returns of alternatives. The balance between the competing factors of depletion and technological evolution and fluctuating metal prices are variables in the assessment of risks and returns.
A study of Canadian Shield exploration from 1951 to 1974 shows that about 2,100 mineral occurrences were discovered, at an average cost of $450,000 each. Of these, 40 were economic. In this context, about one economic mineral deposit was found for every 50 mineral occurrences discovered.
A well-directed exploration program considers short- and long-term investment criteria. The long term is evaluated using various measures of Expected Value, the average value exploration will yield in the long term. The risks associated with the variability of commodity price, the variability of lifetime, and the profitability of a discovery, and the low probability of success should be considered in exploration planning.
Because the future of the exploration industry and of society is inextricably bound, the industry must demonstrate to governments the positive potential value of exploration. Governments should respond so as to optimize the contribution from the mineral endowment of the land by enlightened tax and land use policies.
Mineral exploration will increasingly contribute to the needs of society. There may never have been a better time to be an economic geologist.
Job Absorption Capacity of Nigeria’s Mining and Quarrying Sector
Authors: Adeniyi Adetunji 
Published: May 2021

The mining and quarrying sector account for 10.6 per cent of the GDP and 0.2 per cent of employment in 2014, according to the records of the National Bureau of Statistics. Relative to the gross value added of the mining and quarrying sector, its contribution to aggregate employment is small. Meanwhile, unemployment is one of the most pressing macroeconomic problems in Nigeria today. It is against this background that the job absorption capacity of the sector was investigated to facilitate job creation policies in the sector. Time series secondary data covering 1981 to 2014 on the rebased Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and sectoral Gross Value Added (GVA) at 2010 constant basic prices, employment, wage rate, inflation rate and interest rate were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Sectoral employment elasticities of growth were measured using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) regression at α0.05. Mining and quarrying sectoral elasticity of employment was -0.05, but was not significant. However, there were significant inter-sectoral and inter-temporal relationships on which job creation policies may be based.
Review of Industry Payments to General Orthopaedic Surgeons Reported by the Open Payments Database: 2014 to 2019
Authors: Braithwaite Johann , Frane Nicholas , Partan Matthew J. , White Peter B. , Iturriaga Cesar , Gruber Joshua , Bitterman Adam 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act was placed into law in 2010 in an effort to create transparency between physicians and industry. Along with many other specialties, orthopaedic surgeons have long worked intimately with medical industry companies. This study aimed to evaluate trends in industry payments to general orthopaedic surgeons from 2014 to 2019.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services' Open Payments Database was done to identify all industry payments to all general orthopaedic surgeons (ie, not subspecialty affiliated) from 2014 to 2019. The researchers analyzed total payments and subtype payments for yearly trends, and a regional analysis was done. The primary outcome was the overall trend in total median payments, which was assessed through the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Descriptive statistics include medians with interquartile ranges. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 1,330,543 payments totaling $1.79 billion dollars was paid to 108,041 general orthopaedic surgeons. During this time, the number of surgeons receiving payments increased with a significant uptrend in median payments per surgeon (P < 0.001; Table 1). The top 25% percentile of general orthopaedic surgeons received >95% of payments, whereas the bottom 25% received <0.1%. The general payment types all saw significant increases (P < 0.001) between 2014 and 2019, with the exception of “Ownership or Investment Interests” (P = 0.657) and “Royalty or License” (P = 0.517). Significant regional uptrends in median industry payments were also seen in the Midwest, Northeast, South, and West (P < 0.001). Four of the top five orthopaedic industry companies made payment increases between 2014 and 2019.

Conclusion:
Industry payments to general orthopaedic surgeons between 2014 and 2019 have increased with a considerable disparity in payments among the top-paid orthopaedic surgeons.
Analysis of Chesapeake Bay Racing Results 1972 and 1973 Seasons
Authors: Peach Robert W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The analysis of racing on the Chesapeake Bay was performed covering the three handicapping rules used for the 1972 and 1973 seasons. The actual average speeds of each yacht were determined and the normalized to obtain season average performances. This average performance with the yacht’s rating was used to determine the least squares best fit for a power curve to show how each rule actually worked when corrected for the time allowance used by each class.

Background
This paper grew out of an earlier paper by the author (reference 1) on the Delta Rule. The earlier paper gave the background of the rule, how it was derived and then a short analysis of several seasons' results. The basic analysis method in the present paper was worked out for the presentation of the earlier paper, and led to the conclusion that a similar analysis of all races on the Chesapeake Bay might be of interest to the yachting fraternity. Furthermore, it was felt that the results should cover more than one season and both the Northern and Southern Bay areas. Unfortunately not all races were available for this analysis. All that were, were used. The author knows of only one other analysis of this type, a study by Henry J, Gielow in 1908. (Reference 2) Others may have been performed; there have been hints of such analysis by MORC and the Storm Trisail Club, but these results were unavailable to the author.
A Breakthrough - Slotted Headsail Luff Support Systems
Authors: MacKenzie Alan 
Published: May 2021

For many years, jobs and Genoas have been attached to headstays with end-pull hanks. In the last few years on small boats, we have begun to use tape straps with snaps and other similar devices. All of these share several problems:
1. They are aerodynamically unclean - they all present the headstay and he luff of the sail to the wind separately - with a gap in between. Beyond the turbulence caused in this way, the hanks and snaps themselves add to the disturbance of air flow.
2. They are potentially unsafe - the hanks can catch and tear other sails being hoisted (particularly spinnakers) - the distributions of hanks along the luff of the sail tends to load the sail and the stay very unevenly (There are, for example, cases of rod headstays shearing under the strain of the bottom or top hank)
3. They make sail changing quite difficult - it is necessary to drop and unhank the old sail before hosting the new one.
4. They are expensive for sailmakers to install.
Une éthique minimale de l’éducation à l’autonomie en santé de la population adolescente vivant avec une maladie chronique
Authors: Morsa Maxime 
Published: May 2021

Dans le domaine médical, l’éthique est généralement envisagée à travers le prisme du soin, mais elle l’est plus rarement à travers celui de l’éducation. Or la prévalence croissante des maladies chroniques associée à la demande d’autodétermination des personnes a conduit le système de soins à mettre en oeuvre l’éducation des personnes malades pour favoriser leur capacité à prendre soin d’elles-mêmes. Antipaternalistes dans leurs fondements théoriques, ces interventions peuvent néanmoins buter sur l’écueil du moralisme implicite ou de l’utilitarisme. Dans cet article, nous discutons des apports de l’éthique minimale pour envisager une relation éducative déchargée des attentes morales vis-à-vis des personnes malades et permettre l’éducation critique aux normes sociales qui influencent les attitudes en santé. Nous argumentons également en faveur à la fois de la nécessité d’un « maximalisme » des stratégies et des moyens éducatifs visant à rendre effective l’éthique minimale dans l’autonomisation des patients en santé. Notre réflexion est contextualisée au regard des interventions éducatives dispensées auprès de la population adolescente vivant avec une maladie chronique.
Noli me tangere : affiner le régime québécois d’immunité de saisie pour les objets culturels
Authors: Le Moine François 
Published: May 2021

Afin d’encourager la présentation d’expositions au Québec, l’article 697 du Code de procédure civile permet de protéger contre les saisies les oeuvres d’art et les autres biens culturels ou historiques prêtés de l’étranger. Cette disposition (alors l’article 553.1 de l’ancien Code de procédure civile) fut introduite en 1976 afin de permettre la tenue, à Montréal, d’une importante exposition en provenance de l’URSS.
Depuis, de nombreux États se sont dotés de mesures de protection comparables et l’article 697 est fréquemment employé pour protéger les oeuvres d’art et objets culturels lors de leur passage au Québec. Cependant, la jurisprudence étrangère révèle que ces mécanismes ne sont pas exempts de failles. Plus de quarante ans après l’adoption au Québec de cette disposition d’insaisissabilité, et à la lumière des développements internationaux, la présente étude se propose de dresser un bilan de l’emploi de cette disposition, d’évaluer ses défauts ainsi que de formuler des propositions afin de renforcer son efficacité et de permettre son emploi dans d’autres contextes que ceux jusqu’ici envisagés par le législateur.
Predicting Employment Notice Period with Machine Learning: Promises and Limitations
Authors: Dahan Samuel , Touboul Jonathan , Lam Jason , Sfedj Dan 
Published: May 2021

Rapid advances in data analysis techniques—particularly for predictive algorithms—have opened the door for radically new perspectives on legal practice and access to justice. Several firms in North America, Asia, and Europe have set out to use machine-learning techniques to generate legal predictions, raising concerns regarding ethics, reliability and limits on prediction accuracy, and potential impact on case law development. To explore these opportunities and challenges, we consider in depth one of the most litigated issues in Canada: wrongful termination disputes and, more specifically, the question of reasonable notice determination. Beyond the thorough analysis of this question, this paper is also intended to act as a road map for non-technicians (and especially lawyers) on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, illustrating both their potential benefits and limitations in other areas of dispute resolution.
To achieve these results, we first created a large dataset by annotating historic cases related to employment termination. This dataset proved useful for assessing the predictability of reasonable notice of termination, that is, the accuracy and precision of AI predictions. In particular, it helped identify the degree of inconsistency in notice period cases, incidentally exposing the limitations of legal predictions. We then developed predictive algorithms to estimate notice periods based on details of the employment period and investigated their accuracy and performance. Moreover, we thoroughly analyzed these algorithms to better understand the judicial process, and in particular to quantify the weight and influence of case-specific features in the determination of reasonable notice. Finally, we closely analyzed cases that were poorly predicted by the algorithms to understand the judicial decision-making process and identify inconsistencies—a strategy that will ultimately yield a deeper practical understanding of case law.
This project will open the door to the development of an access-to-justice project and will provide users with an open-access platform for employment legal help (www.MyOpenCourt.org).
IFRS 4 Disclosure and Firm Performance of Insurance Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Hadiza Ahmed , Sani Abdulraham Bala 
Published: May 2021

IFRS 4 is an International Accounting Standard Board providing guideline for the accounting of insurance contract. This paper therefore, examined the compliance of IFRS 4 and performance of quoted Insurance Companies in Nigeria. The study further investigate the extent of compliance with disclosure requirements of IFRS 4 and determined the relationship between ROA, liquidity, ROE, leverage and firm size with compliance of IFRS4 disclosure. Quantitative grading system was used to investigate the extent of compliance. Multiple regression analysis was further used to find out the relationship between ROA, liquidity, ROE, leverage and firm size with compliance of IFRS 4 disclosures. The study found that the sampled companies complied at 90% which suggest a strong compliance. ROA, ROE, and Liquidity have a positive significant relationship with compliance with a p-values of 0.0324<0.05, 0.01<0.05, and 0.0247<0.05 respectively. The study also found that leverage is negative but has a significant relationship with compliance. Therefore, the study recommends that, the Inspectorate unit which is the monitoring and enforcement mechanisms need to be improved upon. Although, the level of compliance is good, but mandatory disclosures are meant to be fully complied with 100%.