bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical impacts of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation assessment on primary aldosteronism
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Morimoto Satoshi , Morishima Noriko , Ichihara Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is divided into two major subtypes, aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia (IHA) and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. However, the nature of vascular function in PA patients remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the vascular function and investigate the implications of vascular function assessments in the patients.

Methods
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), as an index of endothelial function, and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), as an index of arterial stiffness, were retrospectively compared between 42 patients with APA, 37 patients with IHA, and 42 patients with essential hypertension (EH). These values were also compared with background factors, KCNJ5 mutation and clinical outcome in terms of blood pressure reduction after adrenalectomy in the APA group.

Results
FMD was significantly lower in the APA group (4.8 ± 2.1%) and IHA group (4.1 ± 1.9%) than in the EH group (5.7 ± 2.1%). CAVI did not differ significantly among groups. Although no significant correlations were seen between FMD and background factors in the IHA group, FMD correlated negatively with BMI and plasma aldosterone concentration in the APA group (rs = −0.313, rs = −0.342, respectively). KCNJ5 mutational status was not associated with FMD value. High FMD was associated with blood pressure normalization after adrenalectomy in the APA group.

Conclusions
Patients with PA displayed impaired endothelial function. Complete clinical success after adrenalectomy was associated with preserved endothelial function. This study provides a better understanding of FMD assessment in patients with PA.
Identification and characterization of factors associated with short stature and pre-shortness in Chinese preschool-aged children
Authors: Yang Min , Deng Xiangling , Wang Shunan , Zhou Bo , Niu Wenquan , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
We aimed to identify and characterize potential factors, both individually and jointly as a nomogram, associated with short stature and pre-shortness in Chinese preschool-aged children.

Methods
Total of 9501 children aged 3–6 years were recruited from 30 kindergartens in Beijing and Tangshan from September to December 2020 using a stratified random sampling method. Effect-size estimates are expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI.

Results
The prevalence of short stature and pre-shortness in preschool-aged children was 3.9% (n = 375) and 13.1% (n = 1616), respectively. Factors simultaneously associated with the significant risk for short stature, pre-shortness and both included BMI, paternal height, maternal height, birth weight, birth height, latter birth order (≥2) and less parental patience to children. Besides, breastfeeding duration (≥12 months) was exclusively associated with pre-shortness (OR, 95% CI, P: 1.16, 1.01 to 1.33, 0.037), and childhood obesity with both short stature (3.45, 2.62 to 4.54, <0.001) and short stature/pre-shortness (1.37, 1.15 to 1.64, <0.001). Modeling of significant factors in nomograms had descent prediction accuracies, with the C-index being 77.0, 70.1 and 71.2% for short stature, pre-shortness and both, respectively (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate the joint contribution of inherited characteristics, nutrition status from the uterus to childhood, and family psychological environment to short stature and pre-shortness in Chinese preschool-aged children. Further validation in other independent groups is warranted.
Ultrasound features and risk stratification systems to identify medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Matrone Antonio , Gambale Carla , Biagini Margherita , Prete Alessandro , Vitti Paolo , Elisei Rossella 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Recently, several scientific societies designed ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSS) to guide the workup of thyroid nodules and decide which nodules should undergo fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). However, these systems have been developed against papillary thyroid carcinoma, and scanty data on their role in identifying medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are available. The aims of this study are to describe the US features of MTC and evaluate the performance of RSS in identifying MTC.

Methods
Data of 152 consecutive patients with MTC was evaluated. The results of the pre-operative neck US of all patients were collected. Ultrasound features of each MTC were evaluated and classified according to the five main RSS available.

Results
Median MTC dimension was 1.3 cm. Most of the nodules showed solid composition, hypoechoic pattern, and regular margins. About half of them showed the presence of calcifications, but only a subgroup had microcalcifications. A minority of the nodules showed a 'taller than wide' shape. Only 7.9% of all MTC showed the simultaneous presence of at least four US features suggestive of malignancy. Ultrasonographic high-risk of malignancy of the MTC included in the five RSS, varied from 45.4 to 47.4%, and performing FNAC was suggested in only 48.7 to 63.8% of all MTC.

Conclusions
In this series, neither single nor the association of US features are specific for MTC. The five main RSS correctly identify less than 50% of MTC and do not suggest performing FNAC in about half of them with potentially missed or delayed diagnosis.
“Culture of the Person” and “Culture of Works” According to Karol Wojtyła
Authors: Radziechowski Dariusz 
Published: May 2021

This article presents basic features of the philosophical concept of culture in the thought of Karol Wojtyła. In particular, it aims to highlight the distinction between the “culture of the person” and “culture of works,” which seems to be fundamental for the whole ­anthropology and ethics of the philosopher from Wadowice.On one hand, the designators of culture are the works and creations of man, on the other hand, the value of man himself as a person, his inner life, and who he is as a man. As Wojtyła emphasized, the latter is the most internal and profound dimension of culture because it is expressed in morality. The very ability to produce certain objects or produce certain effects, e.g. a work of art or a technical device, does not determine the “culture” of its creator. The decisive factor is acting according to the criterion of moral good and evil, which shapes the personality of the creator, who he is “as a person,” and not only “as an engineer or a composer.”
Intuicja sakramentalna jako model intuicji tego, co niedostępne w fenomenologii liturgii Jean-Yves’a Lacoste’a
Authors: Zgórecki Przemysław 
Published: May 2021

Jean-Yves Lacoste jest mało jeszcze w Polsce znanym współczesnym francuskim myślicielem, który słynie z tego, że swoją refleksję prowadzi na granicy między filozofią a teologią. Intuicja sakramentalna jest przykładem tego, co on sam nazywa „teologicznym myśleniem”. Intuicja sakramentalnej obecności Boga staje się dla niego modelem intuicji niedostępnej jeszcze obecności Boga w świecie. Tego typu intuicja jest sposobem poznania właściwym wspomnianemu byciu na granicy filozofii i teologii, a zatem na granicy bycia-w-świecie i bycia-wobec-Boga. Badania nad tak rozumianą intuicją prowadzą do wielu ważnych pytań: Czy różnica między obecnością i nieobecnością oznacza to samo, co różnica między dostępnością i niedostępnością? Czym różni się to, co jeszcze nieobecne, i to, co już nieobecne, od tego, co nieobecne? Czy wszystkie są równie niedostępne? Czy obecność i nieobecność jest bardziej problemem miejsca czy czasu?
Physiological screening of ruderal weed biomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen deposition
Authors: Martínez D. Nayeli , De la Barrera Erick 
Published: May 2021

Background: Plants take up various species of reactive nitrogen and their different physiological responses to the increase of nitrogen availability can be useful in biomonitoring.
Questions: Does atmospheric nitrogen deposition affect the physiology of ruderal weeds? Which species are most responsive to the nitrogen deposition?
Studied species: Eleven ruderal weeds.
Study site and dates: Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. 2019.
Methods: Under scenarios of 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1year-1, we quantified plant responses of biomass production, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, δ15N, nitrogen and carbon content.
Results: Total biomass production increased with the rate of nitrogen deposition for Bidens pilosa , Chloris gayana, Lepidium virginicum , and Pennisetum setaceum, as chlorophyll content in B. pilosa , C. gayana , and L. virginicum. In turn, the below- to above-ground biomass ratio decreased for B. pilosa and C. gayana, as photosynthetic efficiency in C. gayana , L. virginicum , and Chloris pycnothrix . Nitrate reductase activity was only affected in L. virginicumm , C. gayana , and T. officinale.
With the exception of C. pycnothrix , the nitrogen content increased, while the carbon augmented in C. gayana , C. pycnothrix, and P. setaceum . The C/N ratio was reduced in B. pilosa , C. gayana, Chloris virgata, P. setaceum, and T. officinale . The δ15N was increased in B. pilosa, C. gayana, C. virgata and P. setaceum .
Conclusions: Bidens pilosa, C. gayana, L. virginicum, and P. setaceum were the species with more affected variables to nitrogen deposition, which could be useful in the biomonitoring.
Examination and possible interpretations of a Middle Bronze Age structured deposition
Authors: Gucsi László , Szabó Nóra 
Published: May 2021

Ceramic depositions occur frequently in the Bronze Age throughout the Carpathian Basin, however, their characteristics and composition can vary between periods, cultures and regions. Thus there could be many theories and interpretations offered for the reasons behind hiding these depots. At the site of Budajenő, Hegyiszántók a structured deposition dating to the final phase of the Middle Bronze Age came to light, which is not only unique in terms of the quantity of the vessels but also of their quality, both on an intra-site level and from the perspective of the Hungarian Middle Bronze Age. The aim of this paper is to present a complex and multi-faceted analysis, which helps not only to understand the possible reasons behind the concealment of the vessels, but also to offer an interpretation for the chain of events in which they could have played a central role. Besides the examination of the quantity and the cultural characteristics of the vessels, traces of use-wear,along with the phenomena of secondary burning and deliberate fragmentations are also discussed.
Terra sigillata from the territory of the civil town of Brigetio
Authors: Hajdu Barbara 
Published: May 2021

On the territory of the civil town of Brigetio systematic excavations were carried out on regular basis between 1992 and 2016 which resulted in a huge amount of terra sigillata sherds besides the other finds. In this paper I present a few pieces uncommon in Pannonia province as well as those which provide the most relevant data from a chronological viewpoint. Furthermore, these terra sigillata sherds not only provide information about dating but also allow a glimpse into the everyday life and commercial relationships of the civil town.
Velocity Structure of the Northeastern End of the Bayan Har Block, China, and the Seismogenic Environment of the Jiuzhaigou and Songpan-Pingwu Earthquakes: Inferences from Double-Difference Tomography
Authors: Yang Wen , Ding Zhifeng , Liu Jie , Cheng Jia , Zhang Xuemei , Wu Peng , Yao Qi 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The 2017 Mw 6.5 Jiuzhaigou mainshock hit the northeastern end of the Bayan Har block, which has experienced many historical earthquakes, including the 1976 M 7.2 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm. We used the double-difference tomography method to perform a joint inversion of the seismic source and P-wave velocity (VP) structure of the Jiuzhaigou-Songpan-Pingwu region. The results show significant lateral heterogeneity in the VP in the mid-upper crust. The velocity structure in the shallow crust correlates well with the surface geology. The Jiuzhaigou mainshock and Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm both occurred at the boundary between high- and low-VP anomalies. The Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm may be related to the eastward flow of low-viscosity material in the mid-lower crust of the Tibetan plateau. Low-viscosity material intrudes into the bedrock when it encounters the rigid Motianling massif, resulting in surface uplift and thrust earthquakes. By contrast, the Jiuzhaigou earthquake is associated with strain energy accumulating at the boundary between high- and low-VP anomalies related to the different movement rates of the low-VP material in the mid-lower crust and the high-VP body in the mid-upper crust. In this case, the high-VP body ruptures with a strike-slip sense to the southeast.
Relations between MaxRotD50 and Some Horizontal Components of Ground-Motion Intensity Used in Practice
Authors: Poulos Alan , Miranda Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The most commonly used intensity measure of ground motion in earthquake engineering is the 5% damped spectral ordinate, which varies in different directions. Several different measures have been proposed over the years to combine the intensity of the two horizontal recorded ground motions to derive ground-motion models as well as for design purposes. This study provides the relation to seven previously used measures of horizontal ground motion with respect to a recently proposed orientation-independent measure of horizontal ground-motion intensity referred to as MaxRotD50. This new measure of horizontal intensity is defined as the median value of the maximum spectral ordinate of two orthogonal directions computed for all possible nonredundant orientations. The relations are computed using 5065 pairs of horizontal ground motions taken from the database of ground motions recorded in shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions developed as part of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center’s Next Generation Attenuation-West2 project. Empirically derived period-dependent relations are presented for three quantities that permit transforming any of the seven other definitions of horizontal ground-motion intensity to MaxRotD50, namely, (1) geometric mean of the ratio of MaxRotD50 to any of the seven other measures of intensities, (2) standard deviation of the natural logarithm of the ratio of MaxRotD50 to any of the seven other measures of intensities, and (3) the correlation between the natural logarithm of the ratio of MaxRotD50 to the other measures of intensities and the natural logarithm of the other measure of intensity. In addition, the influence of site class at the recording station, earthquake magnitude, and distance to the horizontal projection of the rupture is examined on the geometric mean of the ratio of MaxRotD50 to the median intensity of all nonredundant orientations (i.e., RotD50), showing negligible influence of site class and only a relatively small influence of magnitude and distance.
Rupture Passing Probabilities at Fault Bends and Steps, with Application to Rupture Length Probabilities for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Biasi Glenn P. , Wesnousky Steven G. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTEarthquake early warning (EEW) systems can quickly identify the beginning of a significant earthquake rupture, but the first seconds of seismic data have not been found to predict the final rupture length. We present two approaches for estimating probabilities of rupture length given the rupture initiation from an EEW system. In the first approach, bends and steps on the fault are interpreted as physical mechanisms for rupture arrest. Arrest probability relations are developed from empirical observations and depend on bend angle and step size. Probability of arrest compounds serially with increasing rupture length as bends or steps are encountered. In the second approach, time-independent rates among ruptures from the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), are interpreted to apply to the time-dependent condition in which rupture grows from a known starting point. Length probabilities from a Gutenberg–Richter magnitude–frequency relation provide a reference of comparison. We illustrate the new approach using the discretized fault model for California developed for UCERF3. For the case of rupture initiating on the southeast end of the San Andreas fault we find the geometric complexity of the Mill Creek section impedes most ruptures, and only ∼5% are predicted to reach to San Bernardino on the eastern edge of the greater Los Angeles region. Conditional probabilities of length can be precompiled in this manner for any initiation point on the fault system and thus are of potential value in seismic hazard and EEW applications.
A Ground-Motion Database for Israel with Its Corresponding Point-Source Parameters, for Engineering Seismology Applications
Authors: Yagoda-Biran Gony , Maiti Soumya K. , Wetzler Nadav , Nof Ran N. , Pashcur Yona , Kamai Ronnie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe seismic activity in Israel and its surrounding neighbors originates mainly from the active Dead Sea fault system. The historical and archeological records suggest a recurrence interval of approximately 102 and 103  yr for earthquakes of M 6 and 7, respectively. Despite the existing hazard, local advancements on this topic have been slow and incremental, partly due to inherent challenges, such as the limited number of significant recorded earthquakes and a limited azimuthal coverage resulting from geopolitical constraints. Annual earthquake bulletins and an earthquake catalog have been published over the years by the Geophysical Institute of Israel, which operated the network until January 2020. In this article, we summarize a joint effort aimed at standardizing the catalog and creating the first of its kind, publicly available ground-motion database for Israel, which is open to the scientific and engineering communities. The database is composed of three main components: event database, ground-motion recording database, and site database. Once compiled, we use this database to derive and calibrate the source, path, and site parameters required to execute ground-motion simulations, namely, the regional stress drop, anelastic attenuation factor Q, geometrical spreading, and the near-surface high-frequency attenuation, kappa. The parameters are optimized to fit the measurement database, and once they do, a synthetic dataset can be simulated, which will compensate for the lack of measurements in the large-magnitude range.
An analysis of the S-wave
Authors: Neumann Frank 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The following empirical law governing the azimuth of S-wave impulses is advanced: (1) the azimuth of the horizontal S-wave impulse at the focus (the horizontal component of the initial earthquake displacement) is equal to (2) the azimuth from station to epicenter, plus (3) the azimuth from epicenter to station, or back azimuth, minus (4) the azimuth of the S-wave displacement at any station; all azimuths being counted from north around by east through 360°. It states that a common direction of horizontal impulse or thrust at a seismic focus can be calculated from S-wave azimuths observed at two or more distant stations. These focal thrusts appear to be either parallel or normal to fault lines.
A theory is later developed which appears to substantiate the above-named law in so far as it concerns simple horizontal focal displacements. S-wave impulses, due to a simple vertical displacement at a focus, apparently follow the laws of longitudinal motion, but arguments are advanced to question the existence of this type of activity. The displacements are longitudinal only in the sense that they occur in the planes of the rays; they are not compressional waves.
Three distinct types of activity are found in the S-wave group.
The earthquake in Santa Monica Bay, California, on August 30, 1930
Authors: Gutenberg B. , Richter C. F. , Wood H. O. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The occurrence of a moderately strong local earthquake in Santa Monica Bay, California, on August 30, 1930, is discussed and its epicenter and origin-time determined as follows: ϕ = 33° 57′ N., λ = 118° 38′ W., O = 4:40:36.0 p.m., P.S.T. (0h 40m 36s0, G.C.T., August 31, 1930).
The maximum intensity observed was VIII of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931, and the shock was perceptible at distances up to about 160 kilometers (100 miles) from the epicenter. The distribution of apparent intensity exhibits numerous irregularities which are discussed in the text.
The depth of origin cannot be determined accurately, but the data are consistent with a depth of 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles). A significantly greater depth is not consistent with the data.
The surface and subsurface geology of the region is discussed briefly.
Hawaiian travel times*
Authors: Jones Austin E. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
In Part I a special study has been made on seismogram phases, showing how to locate Hawaiian local earthquakes without the necessity of accurate time checks on all of the master clocks of the several seismograph stations on Hawaii. This was done by searching old records of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association network for dates and times when an earthquake occurred very close to one station and was well recorded on the seismographs 37, 70, or 89 kilometers away. Records gave fourteen earthquakes of this kind, of which ten were used. These records were studied and the interval in seconds between the arrivals of the distortional (S) and compressional (P) waves was plotted for the distance of the station away from the origin of the disturbance. On each record there appeared more than one compressional wave and more than one distortional wave, giving rise to various differences, as Sn — Pn, S* — P*, and Sg — Pg. Simple linear relations were found between time-interval and distance for special earthquakes. These linear relations were to be used in locating other earthquakes away from all stations by the geometric method of Isikawa.
In Part II a study has been made on travel times; that is, the speeds with which different seismic waves travel through rock constituting the Hawaiian Islands, between the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. This study is based on Part I, for practically no earthquakes have been recorded near any one seismograph station on Hawaii that were large enough to record clearly on Oahu. Oahu is about 300 kilometers away from the seismic origins considered.
This study came within five per cent of verifying the speeds of seismic waves through the floor of the Pacific Ocean as found by others. These velocities may prove useful in determining the physical constants of the rocks and indicate what makes up the basement of the Hawaiian Islands.
Other waves were found which may indicate a complex structure of four to seven discontinuities in the Hawaiian ridge, it being distinct from the floor of the Pacific and analogous to the structure of continental areas.
A travel-time, distance graph has been included which should aid in locating earthquakes in the Hawaiian Islands.
These wave velocities, for further corroboration, should lead to geophysical experiments.