bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The place of B‐mode ultrasonography, shear‐wave elastography, and superb microvascular imaging in the pre‐diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Ten Barış , Kaya Tamer İrfan , Balcı Yüksel , Esen Kaan , Temel Gülhan , Türsen Ümit , Yılmaz Mustafa Anıl 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in males. Physical examination and history are the most important examinations in diagnosis of the disease. As yet, there is no diagnostic method to be able to determine which individuals will develop AGA. Shear‐wave elastography (SWE) is a novel diagnostic tool, which can evaluate tissue stiffness. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can determine low flow in microvessels. The aim of the current study was to determine whether or not AGA would develop in individuals with normal hair and a family history of AGA using B‐mode US, SMI, and SWE.MethodsThe study included 26 patients clinically diagnosed with AGA and a control group of 26 volunteers.ResultsThickness with the distance from the epidermis to the calvarium (ECD) on the hairline and cranial subcutaneous tissue thickness (CSTD) were determined to be statistically significantly thinner in the AGA group than in the control group (p < 0.0001). For the differentiation of the AGA patients, the cutoff value was determined to be 5.5 mm for ECD and 4.05 mm for CSTD. The cranial epidermis‐dermis (CED) stiffness values both as meter/second (m/s) and kilopascals (kPa) were statistically significantly lower in the AGA patients than in the control group (p < 0.0001). The cutoff values were 6.075 as m/s and 104.4 as kPa.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that differentiation could be made of individuals before the development of AGA from normal healthy individuals with CSTD measurement on B‐mode US and CED stiffness measurement on SWE.
Molecular mechanism in trigeminal nerve and treatment methods related to orthodontic pain
Authors: Tang Ziwei , Zhou Jiawei , Long Hu , Gao Yanzi , Wang Qingxuan , Li Xiaolong , Wang Yan , Lai Wenli , Jian Fan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthodontic treatment is the main treatment approach for malocclusion. Orthodontic pain is an inevitable undesirable adverse reaction during orthodontic treatment. It is reported orthodontic pain has become one of the most common reason that patients withdraw from orthodontic treatment. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism and finding treatment of orthodontic pain are in urgent need.AimsThis article aims to sort out the mechanisms and treatments of orthodontic pain, hoping to provide some ideas for future orthodontic pain relief.MaterialsTooth movement will cause local inflammation. Certain inflammatory factors and cytokines stimulating the trigeminal nerve and further generating pain perception, as well as drugs and molecular targeted therapy blocking nerve conduction pathways, will be reviewed in this article.MethodWe review and summaries current studies related to molecular mechanisms and treatment approaches in orthodontic pain control.ResultsOrthodontics pain related influencing factors and molecular mechanisms has been introduced. Commonly used clinical methods in orthodontic pain control has been evaluated.DiscussionWith the clarification of more molecular mechanisms, the direction of orthodontic pain treatment will shift to targeted drugs.
Melatonin pretreatment alleviates the long‐term synaptic toxicity and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure via MT1 receptor‐mediated Wnt signaling modulation
Authors: Liang Lirong , Zeng Tian , Zhao Youyi , Lu Rui , Guo Baolin , Xie Rougang , Tang Wenjing , Zhang Li , Mao Zirui , Yang Xinyu , Wu Shengxi , Wang Yazhou , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevoflurane (Sev) is one of the most widely used pediatric anesthetics. The major concern of neonatal repeated application of Sev is its potential long‐term impairment of cognition and learning/memory, for which there still lacks effective treatment. At the cellular level, Sev exerts toxic effects in multiple aspects, making it difficult for effective interference. Melatonin is a pineal hormone regulated by and feedbacks to biological rhythm at physiological condition. Recent studies have revealed significant neuroprotective effects of exogenous melatonin or its agonists under various pathological conditions. Whether melatonin could prevent the long‐term toxicity of Sev remains elusive. Here, we report that neonatal repeated Sev exposure up‐regulated MT1 receptor in hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes. Pretreatment with melatonin significantly alleviated Sev‐induced synaptic deficiency, dysmyelination, and long‐term learning impairment. Both MT1‐shRNA and MT1 knockout effectively blocked the protective effects of melatonin on synaptic development, myelination, and behavior performance. Interestingly, long‐lasting suppression of Wnt signaling, instead of cAMP/PKA signaling, was observed in hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes after neonatal Sev exposure. Pharmacologically activating Wnt signaling rescued both the long‐term synaptic deficits and dysmyelination induced by Sev. Further analysis showed that MT1 receptor co‐expressed well with β‐catenin and Axin2 and bound to β‐catenin by its C‐terminal. Melatonin pretreatment effectively rescued Sev‐induced Wnt suppression. Wnt signaling inhibitor XAV939 significantly compromised the protective effects of melatonin. Taken together, our data demonstrated a beneficial effect of melatonin pretreatment on the long‐term synaptic impairment and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sev exposure, and a novel MT1 receptor‐mediated interaction between melatonin and canonical Wnt signaling, indicating that melatonin may be clinically applied for improving the safety of pediatric Sev anesthesia.
Design thinking as sensemaking: Developing a pragmatist theory of practice to (re)introduce sensibility
Authors: Rylander Eklund Anna , Navarro Aguiar Ulises , Amacker Ariana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDesign thinking is based on designers’ creative ways of working and is defined as a formal method for creative problem solving aimed at fostering innovation by harnessing “the designer's sensibility and methods.” The basic premise is that design “thinking” can be extracted and separated from the situated practice of designing in the studio. This approach has given rise to a widely accepted nomenclature for describing design which has improved communication between designers and managers, leading to massive interest in adoption of design thinking in management settings. However, due to a widespread implicit cognitivism in the literature, scholars find it difficult to explain the cultural and experiential qualities of design thinking and it tends to be presented as a fundamentally cognitive, problem‐solving activity. We argue that these cognitivist tendencies preclude proper attention to and theorization of designers’ creative practice. We contend that the absence of a theory of practice prevents a deeper understanding of the contribution of design thinking to innovation, loses sight of the sensibility on which it relies, and hampers realization of the promise of design thinking. We develop an alternative theoretical perspective, grounded in a pragmatist theory of practice and the studio culture from which designers’ creative practice developed. This theoretical perspective allows design thinking to be understood as sensemaking, foregrounds imagination and improvisation as its core activities, and explains how sensibility is developed and nurtured. We review the design thinking literature through this pragmatist lens and discuss the implications for theory and practice of conceptualizing design thinking as sensemaking.
Sleep and affect in adolescents: Bidirectional daily associations over 28‐day ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Shen Lin , Wiley Joshua F. , Bei Bei 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe examined bidirectional, temporal associations between daily sleep and affect under naturally restricted (school) and unrestricted (vacation) sleep opportunities, while incorporating valence (positive/negative) and arousal (high/low) dimensions of affect. Sleep and affect were measured over 2 weeks of school and 2 weeks of vacation in 205 adolescents (54.1% females, Mage = 16.9 years), providing 5,231 days of data. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency were measured using actigraphy and sleep diary. High‐ and low‐arousal positive and negative affect were self‐reported each afternoon. Between‐ and within‐person sleep–affect associations were tested using cross‐lagged, multilevel models. Lagged outcome, day of the week, study day and socio‐demographics were controlled. Bidirectional associations between self‐report sleep and affect were found between‐persons: longer self‐report total sleep time associated with lower high‐ and low‐arousal negative affect. Higher high‐arousal positive affect associated with longer actigraphy total sleep time between‐persons, but predicted shorter same‐night actigraphy total sleep time within‐persons. Results did not differ between school and vacation. Significant within‐person random effects demonstrate individual differences in daily sleep–affect associations. Associations differed based on sleep measurement and affect dimensions, highlighting the complex sleep–affect relationship. Strong between‐person associations between self‐report sleep and affect suggest improving either sleep or mood may benefit the other; alternatively, addressing a common cause may lead to changes in both sleep and affect. Although overall high‐arousal positive affect was protective of sleep duration, on a day‐to‐day basis, higher‐than‐usual high‐arousal positive affect may reduce sleep duration on nights it is experienced. Further research needs to identify causes of individual differences in sleep–affect associations.
Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991–2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign
Authors: Stroffolini Tommaso , Morisco Filomena , Ferrigno Luigina , Pontillo Giuseppina , Iantosca Giuseppina , Cossiga Valentina , Crateri Simonetta , Tosti Maria Elena ,   the SEIEVA collaborating group
Published: September 2021

AbstractUpdated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic‐regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1‐million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991–1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010–2019 (p < .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti‐HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p < .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004–2010 and 32.1% in 2011–2019. In the period 2010–2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4–12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15–10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM‐anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come.
Choledochal stenting for treatment of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in cats
Authors: Griffin Maureen A. , Culp William T. N. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Selmic Laura E. , Denitz Jordan C. , Perry James A. , Schoelkopf Alexander C. , Milovancev Milan , Phillips Heidi , Wallace Mandy L. , Steffey Michele A. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Mayhew Philipp D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited information currently exists regarding the clinical progression and outcomes of cats that undergo choledochal stenting as a treatment for extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO).Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe clinical characteristics, indications for choledochal stent placement, procedure, and outcomes in a cohort of cats undergoing choledochal stenting and evaluate risk factors associated with survival as well as recurrence of EHBO in affected cats.AnimalsTwenty‐three client‐owned cats undergoing choledochal stent placement.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records from 6 academic institutions were reviewed, and data were extracted and analyzed statistically.ResultsMedian age of cats was 10.1 years (range, 2‐16), and all cats had at least 2 clinical signs. Most common clinical signs were vomiting in 20/22 (90.9%), inappetence in 19/22 (86.4%), and lethargy in 19/23 (82.6%). Procedural complications were uncommon and rarely related to the stenting procedure. Clinical signs improved postoperatively in 15/20 (75.0%) cats and serum total bilirubin concentration decreased postoperatively in 13/19 (68.4%) cats. Eighteen (78.3%) cats survived to discharge. Recurrence of EHBO was documented in 7/18 (38.9%) cats that survived to discharge. Cholelithiasis was associated with recurrence of EHBO. Median survival time for cats that survived to discharge was 931 days (range, 19‐3034). Absence of peritoneal effusion was associated with survival to discharge.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCholedochal stenting was an effective treatment modality in cats with EHBO with few procedural complications and potential for prolonged survival, but substantial risk for recurrence of EHBO was identified.
Bioleaching of tellurium from mine tailings by indigenous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Zhan Y. , Shen X. , Chen M. , Yang K. , Xie H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tellurium (Te) is a scarce and valuable metalloid, which can be found in some mine tailings. In this work, an indigenous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain was used to leach Te from mine tailings collected in the Shimian Te mine region, China. Under the optimized conditions of initial pH of 2·0, pulp density of 4% and temperature of 30°C, 47·77% of Te can be dissolved after 24 days of bioleaching. The leaching of Te by different systems such as bioleaching, Ferric ion (Fe(III)) leaching and acid leaching was compared. The results showed that the leaching behaviour of Te is similar to that of sulphur in sulphide minerals, that is, Fe(III) first oxidizes telluride (Te(-II)) in minerals to elemental Te, and then elemental Te can be oxidized by bacteria to Te(IV) and Te(VI). Besides, it was also showed by scanning electron microscope observation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the ore sample before and after bioleaching that some bedded structure covered on the surface of the ore after bioleaching acting as a reaction compartment, and the changing of active groups indicated a possible attachment between bacteria and ore. There is an indirect mechanism involved in bioleaching of Te.
Caesarean section and obesity in young adult offspring: Update of a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Quecke Berenike , Graf Yannick , Epure Adina‐Mihaela , Santschi Valérie , Chiolero Arnaud , Carmeli Cristian , Cullati Stéphane 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAs compared with vaginal delivery (VD), caesarean section (CS) birth could be associated with increased risk of obesity in young adult offspring. We aimed to evaluate this association by updating data from a systematic review with meta‐analysis of observational studies. From 3774 records identified in PubMed and Embase, we retained six studies and added five studies from the last systematic review, for a total of 11 studies. Crude estimates of the association were retrieved from nine cohort studies (n = 143,869), and maximally adjusted estimates were retrieved from eight cohort studies. Young adults born by CS had higher risk of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) than young adults born by VD, corresponding to a crude pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.50] and a maximally adjusted pooled RR of 1.22 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.46]. In a sensitivity analysis pooling, five studies that included maternal prepregnancy BMI, a major potential confounding factor, in the set of controlled covariates, the RR was 1.08 [95% CI 0.92 to 1.27]. We concluded that the association between CS and obesity in young adulthood was mostly explained by confounding from maternal prepregnancy BMI.
Precision, reliability and application of the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test
Authors: Gilchrist James M , Allen Peter M , Monger Laura , Srinivasan Krithica , Wilkins Arnold 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Wilkins Rate of Reading Test (WRRT) enables rapid measurement of reading speed using text passages that have no semantic content and demand minimal word recognition skills. It is suited to applications where the primary interest is in the influence of visual and ocular motor factors on reading rate.MethodsWe obtained estimates of precision and reliability of WRRT from four data samples (A‐D) collected independently by the authors: (A) n = 118 adults; (B) n = 90 adults; (C) n = 787 children; (D) n = 134 children. Each participant was asked to read aloud as quickly and accurately as possible, for 1 min, and results were recorded as number of words read correctly per minute (wcpm).ResultsEstimates of precision are given by the within‐subjects standard deviation sw, and reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient for single measurements r1. For each sample these estimates were (A) sw = 11.5 wcpm, r1 = 0.85; (B) sw = 3.8 wcpm, r1 = 0.98; (C) sw = 6.7 wcpm, r1 = 0.93; (D) sw = 6.2 wcpm, r1 = 0.94.ConclusionThe reliability of WRRT reflects large variation in reading rate between individuals compared to within‐individual variability, indicating that it is a good test for discriminating differences in reading speed between individuals. The precision of the test varies from 3.8 wcpm to 11.5 wcpm among samples, and the pooled value of 7.2 wcpm, provides a basis for setting a population‐wide criterion for minimum detectable change of reading rate in individuals over time. Nevertheless, a preferable way of monitoring change in an individual would be to use a criterion determined from estimates of that individual's baseline variation in WRRT scores.
Mini‐synplastomes for plastid genetic engineering
Authors: Occhialini Alessandro , Pfotenhauer Alexander C. , Li Li , Harbison Stacee A. , Lail Andrew J. , Burris Jason N. , Piasecki Cristiano , Piatek Agnieszka A. , Daniell Henry , Stewart C. Neal , Lenaghan Scott C. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn the age of synthetic biology, plastid engineering requires a nimble platform to introduce novel synthetic circuits in plants. While effective for integrating relatively small constructs into the plastome, plastid engineering via homologous recombination of transgenes is over 30 years old. Here we show the design–build–test of a novel synthetic genome structure that does not disturb the native plastome: the ‘mini‐synplastome’. The mini‐synplastome was inspired by dinoflagellate plastome organization, which is comprised of numerous minicircles residing in the plastid instead of a single organellar genome molecule. The first mini‐synplastome in plants was developed in vitro to meet the following criteria: (i) episomal replication in plastids; (ii) facile cloning; (iii) predictable transgene expression in plastids; (iv) non‐integration of vector sequences into the endogenous plastome; and (v) autonomous persistence in the plant over generations in the absence of exogenous selection pressure. Mini‐synplastomes are anticipated to revolutionize chloroplast biotechnology, enable facile marker‐free plastid engineering, and provide an unparalleled platform for one‐step metabolic engineering in plants.
Evaluation of micronutrient levels in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Carman Kursat Bora , Aydın Kursad , Kilic Aydin Betul , Cansu Ali , Direk Meltem Cobanogullari , Durmus Selver , Dündar Nihal Olgaç , Gencpinar Pinar , Gungor Serdal , Gurkas Esra , Hur Ozgen , Karadag Meral , Karademir Cefa Nil , Ozkan Kart Pinar , Okuyaz Cetin , Oz Nefise Arıbas , Peduk Yakup , Per Huseyin , Serin Mine Hepsen , Tekgul Hasan , Unay Bulent , Yarar Coskun , Yildirim Gonca Kilic 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany studies evaluating the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) have focused on energy requirements and protein intake. The present work aimed to assess nutritional status and micronutrient levels of children with (CP).MethodsThis multicenter, cross‐sectional and observational study was conducted in 10 different cities in Turkey. Data were available for 398 participants. Anthropometric measurements, feeding mode, nutritional status, and micronutrient levels were evaluated.ResultsThe study was conducted with 398 participants (303 patients and 95 healthy controls). Statistical analysis showed that according to the Gomez Classification, weight‐for‐age (WFA) revealed malnutrition in 92.6% of children with CP, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention percentiles. Measurements of micronutrient levels showed that zinc levels were low in patients, whereas vitamin A levels were low in controls. Phosphorous and manganese levels were significantly lower in malnourished children than in typical children. The results revealed that children consuming enteral nutrition solutions had higher selenium and lower zinc levels than non‐consumers.ConclusionsMalnutrition is not only a protein‐ or calorie‐based problem; micronutrient deficiencies might cause severe health problems. Children with chronic neurological disabilities must be carefully evaluated for these issues. Therefore, nutritional interventions should be adapted to nutrition.
Reversible glomerular damage in disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Labbadia Raffaella , Diomedi Camassei Francesca , Antonucci Luca , Guzzo Isabella , Onetti Muda Andrea , Spada Marco , Dello Strologo Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrain death secondary to traumatic brain injury is one of the main sources of organs for transplantation but it can be associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, which has been considered a relative contraindication for kidney donation.MethodsWe describe two successful pediatric cases of kidney transplantation from a single donor with disseminated intravascular coagulation.ResultsA 17‐year‐old male donor died from head injury and both kidneys were offered to our center. Within 24 h, donor's Hb and platelets dropped to 8.3 g/dl and 32 000/mcl, respectively, serum creatinine reached 2.01 mg/dl, and urinalysis showed proteinuria (300 mg/dl). Pre‐implant biopsy showed massive occlusion of glomerular capillaries by fibrin thrombi containing fragmented red blood cells and inflammatory cells, and acute tubular damage. Arterioles and small arteries were spared. A diagnosis of DIC was made. The kidneys were transplanted in a 16‐year‐old girl and a 13‐year‐old boy. Slow recovery of graft function was observed in both recipients. On post‐operative day 3, platelets dropped to a minimum value of 66 000 and 86 000/mcl, respectively. Diuresis was always present. On day 4, platelets started to rise. Six months later, both recipients attained normal renal function. A six‐month protocol biopsy showed no microthrombi or other signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation.ConclusionsDespite the limited data available in literature, the outcome of these two cases is positive. Thus, pre‐implant kidney biopsy, even if it reveals massive thrombotic occlusion of glomerular capillaries compatible with diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation, should not be considered an absolute contraindication to transplantation.