bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covert societal practices in linguistic choices of Pakistani editorials: Fairclough’s CDA model approach
Authors: Rafat Misbah 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Core concept of CDA revolves around the interdependency of description of language, interpretation of language and prevailing discursive practices in society. This study examines the role a language plays in formulating ideological subjective position of male and female in any contemporary society.
Methodology: The study applied Fairclough’s CDA model on the Pakistani editorials of two English newspapers in order to qualitatively analyze the linguistic choices and its placement in the text by focusing on other modalities of language such as adverbs, adjectives, metaphors and action verbs for unraveling the patriarchal practices of the society in which women are at the stake of more disadvantages than the men in COVID-19 pandemic situation.
Findings: Editorials showed remarkable use of differences in linguistic choices for depiction of powerful and powerless group. Findings showed the existence of hegemony in society where men dominates women by violating their basic rights. Abusive nature of men during the pandemic situation has transformed women's tendency to attend their work through online sources into a tiresome experience. Linguistic choice and syntactic structure have brought forth the discourse type, situational context and societal practices at the surface level which in turns connect back to the role of society and culture in shaping the perception of editors in writing a piece of editorials.
Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: Two newspapers have adopted different stances in depicting a same issue which also reveals the hidden ideology of the press media in which they use implicit or explicit tone in delivering their ideas. This research can help in exploring new dimensions of Pakistani editorials’ language where different tone of language represent unique subject position of female and male in pandemic situation.
PHYSICIANS' COMPLIANCE WITH ANTI-MALARIAL TREATMENT GUIDELINES AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN ATTENDING SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS
Authors: Adamu A , Ango U , Oche M , Bello M , Ali M , Ibrahim I , Umar M , Abdulsalam N , Gora U , Isezuo K , Jiya F , Garba B , Hali B 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Rational use of drugs against most common and life‑threatening tropical diseases such as malaria remains a huge challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan African region. The correct use of antimalarial drugs is the key not only to therapeutic success but also to deterring the spread of drug resistance malaria.
Aims: To assess the physicians’ compliance with the national anti’-malaria treatment guidelines among Under five (U-5) years children in secondary health facilities in Sokoto metropolis.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted as an exit interview among 292 mothers/caregivers of febrile U-5 children with antimalarial prescription, that presented to the out-patient clinics of the selected secondary health facilities in Sokoto metropolis. Simple random sampling technique using balloting option was used to select 2 secondary Health facilities in the metropolis, Proportionate allocation was done to allocate study subjects to the selected Health facilities based on average weekly outpatient attendance. The data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed data using IBM SPSS version 22.
Results: Of the 292 children, only 115(39.4%) had malaria parasite test requested by the physician, out of which 63(54.8) had microscopy, while 52(45.2) of the children had malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT). One hundred and eighty-five (65.1%) of the children were treated presumptively with anti-malarial drugs. Artemisinin based Combination Therapy (ACT) was prescribed in 221(77.8%) of the under-fives. The commonest prescribed ACT was Artemether-Lumefantrine in 113(77.4%) of the children. Majority 263(92.6%) of the prescriptions were in brand names.
Recommendation: The physicians’ compliance with national malaria treatment guidelines using the proportion of U-5 children was suboptimal. There was over prescription of anti-malarial drugs, as majority of the patients treated for malaria had no laboratory evidence for the treatment. However, compliance with the use of ACT was good. This study shows also suboptimal compliance with WHO prescribing indicators with respect to prescription in generic names. Regular training of the health care providers by the government is recommended to improve adherence to antimalarial treatment guideline.
Challenges Affecting Health Referral Systems in Low-And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nakayuki Mildred , Basaza Annabella , Namatovu Hasifah 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Low and middle-income countries are still facing challenges of dysfunctional referral systems which have impaired health service provision. This review aimed at investigating these challenges to understand their nature, cause, and the impacts they have on health service provision.
Methods: Database search was made in Google scholar, ACM Library, PubMed health, and BMC public health, and a total of 123 papers were generated. Only 14 fitted the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included studies that were both quantitative and qualitative addressing challenges facing referral systems or health referral systems, studies describing the barriers to effective referral systems, and studies describing factors that affect referral systems. The review only included studies conducted in LMICs and included literature between January 2010 and February 2021.
Findings: Results revealed that human resource and financial constraints, non-compliance, and communication are the key challenges affecting referral systems in LMICs.
Recommendation: Countries that are facing these challenges need to overhaul the system and improve end-to-end communication between hospitals, improve capacity specifically in referral and emergency units, and sensitizing patients on the adherence to emergency protocols.
Komil inson tarbiyasida oilaning o‘rni
Authors: Abdullayev Abdurauf 
Published: October 2021

Ushbu maqolada bola tarbiyasida uning yetuk shaxs, komil inson bo‘lib yetishishida oilaning, oiladagi tarbiyaning o‘rni naqadar muhimligi to‘g‘risida fikrlar yuritilgan, turli manbaalardan misollar keltirilgan. Oilada sog’lom muhitning yaratilishida ota-onaning o’rni, mahallaning, maktabning bola tarbiyasidagi ahamiyati bayon etilgan.
On the Statistical Analysis of ZUC, Espresso and Grain v1
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh , Lakshmy K. V. , Srinivasan Chungath 
Published: October 2021

A stream cipher generates long keystream to be XORed with plaintext to produce ciphertext. A stream cipher is said to be secure if the keystream that it produces is consistently random. One of the ways by which we can analyze stream ciphers is by testing randomness of the keystream. The statistical tests mainly try to find if any output keystream leaks any information about the secret key or the cipher’s internal state and also check the randomness of the keystream. We have applied these tests to different keystreams generated by ZUC, Espresso and Grain v1 stream ciphers to check for any weaknesses. We have also proposed four new statistical tests to analyze the internal state when the hamming weight of key and IV used is very high or low. Out of these four tests, Grain v1 fails the last test i.e. internal state correlation using high hamming weight IV.
Hybridization of Brownboost and Random Forest Tree with Gradient Free Optimization for Route Selection
Authors: Tamilselvi P. , Ravi T.N. 
Published: October 2021

MANETs are self-organizing network architectures of mobile nodes. Due to node mobility, wireless network topologies dynamically various over time. A novel link stability estimation technique called Hybridization of Brownboost Cluster and Random Forest Decision Tree with Optimized Route Selection (HBCRFDT-GORS) technique is introduced for increasing the reliable data delivery by eliminating the stale routes in MANET. Brown Boost technique is applied to find the route paths having the smaller number of hop counts to perform the data transmission. After that, the status of the mobile nodes in the selected route paths is determined based on the residual energy and signal strength. Then, a random forest decision tree is applied to correctly identify the stale routes by finding the link failure due to the selfish node and the corruptive node along the route path. Then the broken link is removed from the route path. After eliminating the stale route from the path, the HBCRFDT-GORS technique finds the alternative optimal route through the gradient free optimization. The proposed HBCRFDT-GORS technique performs stale route elimination and improves reliable data delivery from source to destination. Simulation is conducted on different performance metrics such as routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, packet drop rate, and delay with respect to the number of data packets. The Network simulation results indicate that the HBCRFDT-GORS technique is improving the data delivery and and minimizing the delay as well as reducing the packet losses when compared to the baseline approaches.
A Hybrid Grasp-genetic Algorithm for Mixed-model Assembly Line Balancing Problem Type 2
Authors: Belkharroubi Lakhdar , Yahyaoui Khadidja 
Published: October 2021

In manufacturing systems, mixed model assembly lines are used to produce different products to deal with the problem of customers’ demands variety, and minimizing the cycle time in such assembly line is a critical problem. This paper addresses the mixed model assembly line balancing problem type 2 that consists in finding the optimal cycle time for a given number of workstations. A hybrid Greedy randomized adaptive search procedure-Genetic algorithm is proposed to find the optimal assignment of tasks among workstations that minimize the cycle. A Ranked Positional Weight heuristic is used in the construction phase of the proposed GRASP, and in the local search phase, a neighborhood search procedure is used to ameliorate the constructed solutions in the construction phase. The GRASP is executed many times in order to seed the initial population of the proposed genetic algorithm, and the results of the executions are compared with the final solutions obtained by the hybrid GRASP-GA. In order to test the proposed approaches, a numerical example is used.
Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the taxi industry in the City of Johannesburg
Authors: Wakelin-Theron Nicola , Ukpere Wilfred Isioma 
Published: October 2021

The tourism sector is currently one of the hardest hit by the pandemic, with impacts on both travel supply and demand. The transport system forms a key part of tourism, including the tourist experience at a destination. This research sought to understand how the taxi industry operates within the City of Johannesburg under the government restrictions imposed during COVID-19.
The study adopted a qualitative research approach, based on interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the topic. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with participants who were purposively selected from the Johannesburg CBD taxi rank.
Insufficient sanitisation and the breaching of curfews were observed. Limited guidance was provided during the initial stages of the pandemic, with no formal training. Financial support was made available, but drivers did not receive funds, as they did not comply with the requirements for membership of the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) and Temporary Employee Relief Scheme (TERS) (Melzer, 2020). Illegal full-capacity loading and price increases were also evident. All participants seem to have expressed some form of anxiety, loneliness and uncertainty. Few suggestions were proposed towards sustainable practices and innovative technological means to support the industry during the lockdown and going forward.
Perancangan Augmented Reality sebagai Media Edukasi Gempa Bumi
Authors: Pradana Yudha , Oktavian Riki 
Published: October 2021

Edukasi mengenai gempa bumi di Indonesia harus dioptimalkan. Salah satu alternatif optimalisasi edukasi mengenai gempa bumi ialah melalui penggunaan media augmented reality. Penggunaan media augmented reality sejalan dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi yang juga familiar dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini ialah bagaimana perancangan augmented reality sebagai media edukasi gempa bumi?. Tujuan penulisan ialah untuk mengetahui perancangan augmented reality sebagai media edukasi gempa bumi. Metode penulisan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Model pembuatan augmented reality menggunakan model waterfall yang terdiri dari analysis, design, implementation, testing, dan maintenance. Konten augmented reality yang memuat animasi 3D mengenai jenis-jenis proses gempa bumi dan terjadinya gempa bumi, serta video animasi 2D mengenai mitigasi bencana yang dikemas secara lengkap dan menarik.
Technical inspection of vehicles in Russia according to international agreements with the participation of Russia
Authors: Kisulenko B. V. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). In connection with the development of the vehicle technical inspection system in the Russian Federation, it is relevant to compare the requirements for vehicles, which Russia supports, in the international agreements and at the national level.Methodology and research methods. The analytical method is applied.The purpose of the study was to analyze the current state of safety requirements for vehicles during regular technical inspections in the Russian Federation, that is UN Regulations annexed to the Vienna Agreement of 1997, and the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles”.Scientific novelty and results. The scientific novelty results in the analysis which shows that the 1997 Vienna Agreement documents introduce a level classification of defects discovered during the technical inspection, but the existing uncertainty of the defect interpretation can cause a conflict between the inspector and the owner of the inspected vehicle. In contrast to these documents, the diagnostic card of the technical inspection in Russia sets the requirements out clearly and unambiguously, which excludes their ambiguous interpretation.Practical significance. The research results can be used to improve the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of automobiles and to develop national legislative acts of the Russian Federation in this area, as well.
Orbital Swelling: An Unusual Case of Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in A Preschool Child
Authors: Mohd Radzi Muhammad Amiro Rasheeq , Nasir Ariffin , Ismail Shatriah , Zulkeflee Razan Hayati , Haron Juhara , Mohamad Norsarwany 
Published: October 2021

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. Children usually present with signs of bone marrow failure like recurrent or prolonged fever, pallor, lethargy, bleeding tendencies, bone pain and others. Occasionally they may present with sign of infiltration of leukaemic cells into other organs such as testicular and central nervous system, rarely to the periorbital or orbital region. Similarly in relapse cases, they typically presented either in bone marrow, central nervous system relapse or testicular but rarely orbital involvement. Here we report the clinical case of a five-year-old boy who developed relapsed B-ALL, presented to us with unilateral right eye swelling without other clinical findings and absence of blast cells in the peripheral blood film as well as bone marrow aspirate specimen.
Characterization of non-refractory (NR) PM1 and source apportionment of organic aerosol in Kraków, Poland
Authors: Tobler Anna K. , Skiba Alicja , Canonaco Francesco , Močnik Griša , Rai Pragati , Chen Gang , Bartyzel Jakub , Zimnoch Miroslaw , Styszko Katarzyna , Nęcki Jaroslaw , Furger Markus , Różański Kazimierz , Baltensperger Urs , Slowik Jay G. , Prevot Andre S. H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Kraków is routinely affected by very high air pollution
levels, especially during the winter months. Although a lot of effort has
been made to characterize ambient aerosol, there is a lack of online
and long-term measurements of non-refractory aerosol. Our measurements at
the AGH University of Science and Technology provide the online long-term chemical composition of ambient
submicron particulate matter (PM1) between January 2018 and April 2019.
Here we report the chemical characterization of non-refractory submicron
aerosol and source apportionment of the organic fraction by positive matrix
factorization (PMF). In contrast to other long-term source apportionment
studies, we let a small PMF window roll over the dataset instead of
performing PMF over the full dataset or on separate seasons. In this way,
the seasonal variation in the source profiles can be captured. The
uncertainties in the PMF solutions are addressed by the bootstrap resampling
strategy and the random a-value approach for constrained factors. We observe clear seasonal patterns in the concentration and composition of
PM1, with high concentrations during the winter months and lower
concentrations during the summer months. Organics are the dominant species
throughout the campaign. Five organic aerosol (OA) factors are resolved, of
which three are of a primary nature (hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass
burning OA (BBOA) and coal combustion OA (CCOA)) and two are of a secondary
nature (more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) and less oxidized oxygenated OA
(LO-OOA)). While HOA contributes on average 8.6 % ± 2.3 %
throughout the campaign, the solid-fuel-combustion-related BBOA and CCOA
show a clear seasonal trend with average contributions of 10.4 % ± 2.7 % and 14.1 %, ±2.1 %, respectively. Not only BBOA but
also CCOA is associated with residential heating because of the pronounced
yearly cycle where the highest contributions are observed during wintertime.
Throughout the campaign, the OOA can be separated into MO-OOA and LO-OOA
with average contributions of 38.4 % ± 8.4 % and 28.5 % ± 11.2 %, respectively.
Semi-automated tracking of iceberg B43 using Sentinel-1 SAR images via Google Earth Engine
Authors: Koo YoungHyun , Xie Hongjie , Ackley Stephen F. , Mestas-Nuñez Alberto M. , Macdonald Grant J. , Hyun Chang-Uk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images can be used to observe the drift of icebergs over the Southern Ocean with around 1–3 d of temporal resolution and 10–40 m of spatial resolution. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform allows processing of a large quantity of Sentinel-1 images, saving time and computational resources. In
this study, we process Sentinel-1 data via GEE to detect and track the drift of iceberg B43 during its lifespan of 3 years (2017–2020) in the Southern Ocean. First, to detect all candidate icebergs in Sentinel-1 images, we employ an object-based image segmentation (simple non-iterative clustering – SNIC) and a traditional backscatter threshold method. Next, we automatically choose and trace the location of the target iceberg by
comparing the centroid distance histograms (CDHs) of all detected icebergs
in subsequent days with the CDH of the reference target iceberg. Using this
approach, we successfully track iceberg B43 from the Amundsen Sea to the Ross Sea and examine its changes in area, speed, and direction. Three
periods with sudden losses of area (i.e., split-offs) coincide with periods
of low sea ice concentration, warm air temperature, and high waves. This
implies that these variables may be related to mechanisms causing the
split-off of the iceberg. Since the iceberg is generally surrounded by
compacted sea ice, its drift correlates in part with sea ice motion and wind velocity. Given that the bulk of the iceberg is under water (∼30–60 m freeboard and ∼150–400 m thickness), its motion is
predominantly driven by the westward-flowing Antarctic Coastal Current, which dominates the circulation of the region. Considering the complexity of modeling icebergs, there is a demand for a large iceberg database to better understand the behavior of icebergs and their interactions with surrounding environments. The semi-automated iceberg tracking based on the storage capacity and computing power of GEE can be used for this purpose.
Impact of absenteeism on academic performance under compulsory attendance policies in first to fifth year university students
Authors: Méndez Suárez Mariano , Crespo Tejero Natividad 
Published: October 2021

Since the implementation of the European Higher Education Area, universities have been obliged to implement continuous assessment systems that require a high degree of attendance by students. Using recorded data, from year 1 to year 5, of 694 students of a European university, where attendance is mandatory, the main objective of this research is to analyse to what extent absenteeism affects performance across the years of degree study. The investigation found a decreasing effect. In addition, a cluster analysis was done to find out if the compulsory attendance policy impacts all students equally. Three different behavioural styles were found: those who attend regularly, students who manage their number of absences to comply with attendance rules, who are the real targets the policy, and a third group with a high number of absences not affected by the policy. These findings identify the groups of students who benefit most from adequate attendance.
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BATHROOMS IN FEMALE STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY
Authors: Ozoaduche C. L. , Idemudia I. B. 
Published: October 2021

Fungi are specifically dangerous as they exhibit a significant tolerance to environmental changes and can proliferate under low relative humidity, unlike bacteria. They produce spores that are easily dispersed by air hence they are ubiquitous. The study aimed at identifying the fungal isolates present in the bathrooms located on the three floors of the hostel, University of Benin, Benin City. Samples were collected from the walls of the bathrooms using sterile swab sticks and were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus nidulans, A. niger, A. tamarii, A. flavus, Candida albicans, Penicillium cyclopium, P. oxalicum, Mucor mucedo, Trichophyton rubrum and Rhodotorula species. From the ground floor bathrooms, Candida albicans (23.40%) were most frequently isolated, Aspergillus nidulans (55.56%) were mostly isolated from the first floor and Mucor mucedo (56.00%) were the most isolated from the second floor. After washing the bathrooms, Mucor mucedo was scarcely isolated from the walls of the bathrooms. The findings were processed statistically using the two-tailed test to detect the significant difference between the groups of means for the fungal counts from each floor. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the fungi isolated before and after washing was found. Isolated fungi from this study are known to be of public health importance hence, strict hygiene practices should be observed by those using the bathrooms.