bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Design and Dynamics Characteristics Research of a Composite Percussion Drilling Tool
Authors: Tian Jialin , Yang Haili , Dai Liming , Yang Yinglin , Song Haolin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Internal motion and dynamics mechanism studies of a new composite percussion drilling tool aim at reducing stick-slip phenomenon and improving rock breaking efficiency. In this study, experiments are performed using composite percussion drilling tools to investigate its torsional and axial composite impact performance. According to the experimental results, a six degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) rigid body motion model was established to study the passive motion of a torsional hammer. The obtained results, including the tangential acceleration, were verified with experimental data, and the small pressure differences between the high and low pressure areas, which mainly determined by the inlet structure, is the main reason for the poor torsional impact effects. Based on these discoveries, the improved design increases the inlet flow to 17.2% of the total, the pressure differences to 0.05 MPa, and the instantaneous tangential acceleration to 0.198 m/s2, which results in increased tangential acceleration fluctuation amplitude by 1137.5% and greatly improved torsional impact performance. This research can provide a baseline for stick-slip reduction technology optimization.
Dislocation Mechanics of Extremely High Rate Deformations in Iron and Tantalum
Authors: Shehadeh M. A. , El Ters P. , Armstrong R. W. , Arnold W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High strain rate simulations were performed using the multiscale dislocation dynamic plasticity (MDDP) method to calculate different rise times and load durations in mimicking high deformation rate shock or isentropic (ramp) testing of α-iron and tantalum crystals. The focus for both types of loading on both materials was on the inter-relationship between the (dislocation-velocity-related) strain rate sensitivity and the (time-dependent) evolution of dislocation density. The computations are compared with model thermal activation strain rate analysis (TASRA), phonon drag, and dislocation-generation predictions. The overall comparison of simulated tests and previous experimental measurements shows that the imposition of a rise time even as small as 0.2 ns preceding plastic relaxation via the MDDP method is indicative of relatively weak shock behavior.
Ductile Fracture in Plane Stress
Authors: Torki Mohammad , Benzerga Ahmed Amine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A micromechanics-based ductile fracture initiation theory is developed and applied for high-throughput assessment of ductile failure in plane stress. A key concept is that of inhomogeneous yielding such that microscopic failure occurs in bands with the driving force being a combination of band-resolved normal and shear tractions. The new criterion is similar to the phenomenological Mohr–Coulomb model, but the sensitivity of fracture initiation to the third stress invariant constitutes an emergent outcome of the formulation. Salient features of a fracture locus in plane stress are parametrically analyzed. In particular, it is shown that a finite shear ductility cannot be rationalized based on an isotropic theory that proceeds from first principles. Thus, the isotropic formulation is supplemented with an anisotropic model accounting for void rotation and shape change to complete the prediction of a fracture locus and compare with experiments. A wide body of experimental data from the literature is explored, and a simple procedure for calibrating the theory is outlined. Comparisons with experiments are discussed in some detail.
Theoretical Limits in Detachment Strength for Axisymmetric Bi-Material Adhesives
Authors: Benvidi Farid H. , Bacca Mattia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReversible dry adhesives rely on short-ranged intermolecular bonds, hence requiring a low elastic modulus to conform to the surface roughness of the adhered material. Under external loads, however, soft adhesives accumulate strain energy, which release drives the propagation of interfacial flaws prompting detachment. The trade-off between the required compliance, for surface conformity, and the desire for a reduced energy release rate, for better strength, can be achieved with a bi-material adhesive having a soft tip and a rigid backing (RB). This design strategy is widely observed in nature across multiple species. However, the detachment mechanisms of these adhesives are not completely understood and quantitative analysis of their adhesive strength is still missing. Based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), we analyze the strength of axisymmetric bi-material adhesives. We observed two main detachment mechanisms, namely (i) center crack propagation and (ii) edge crack propagation. If the soft tip is sufficiently thin, mechanism (i) dominates and provides stable crack propagation, thereby toughening the interface. We ultimately provide the maximum theoretical strength of these adhesives obtaining closed-form estimation for an incompressible tip. In some cases, the maximum adhesive strength is independent of the crack size, rendering the interface flaw tolerant. We finally compare our prediction with experiments in the literature and observe good agreement.
Case of paediatric relapsing polychondritis with severe airway involvement: the challenges of long-term airway and respiratory management
Authors: Kothari Trishul , Valsamakis Theodoros , Sridhar Arani V , Ahmed Molla Imaduddin 
Published: August 2021

We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis (RP) with involvement of the tracheobronchial tree, resulting in an increased difficulty in breathing, hoarseness of voice and stridor.Her case required the input of multiple specialities including ear, nose and throat, rheumatology, respiratory team and intensive care. Airway assessment and imaging showed glottic and subglottic stenosis and left bronchomalacia. Despite the use of steroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab, her symptoms progressed and she was started on overnight non-invasive ventilation.She had further relapses of her airway RP—she was started on adalimumab and methotrexate and underwent monthly balloon dilatations which helped with her symptoms and facilitated a safe discharge home. However, she had further relapses and intensive care admissions and following further discussions, a tracheostomy was inserted. She is now stable on her tracheostomy and is off any respiratory support.
Narrative review of neuraxial potassium chloride administration errors: clinical features, human factors, and prevention measures
Authors: Patel Santosh , Dexter Franklin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAdministration of the wrong drug via the epidural or intrathecal route can cause devastating consequences. Because of the commonality of potassium replacement therapy coupled to its potential neurotoxic profile, we suspected that injuries related to this drug error would be present in the literature.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify clinical characteristics associated with the inadvertent administration of potassium chloride (KCl) during neuraxial anesthesia. Our secondary objective was to identify human factors that may have been associated.Evidence reviewPublished reports of neuraxial administration of KCl in humans were searched using Medline and Google Scholar. Error reports in any language were included.Findings25 case reports/series reported administration of KCl via epidural (25 patients) or intrathecal routes (three patients). There were six cases during interventional pain procedures, five cases in operating rooms and 17 in wards or intensive care units. Neuraxial KCl caused paraplegia in 22 patients. Mechanical ventilation was instituted in 11 of 28 patients. Three patients died. Epidural (eight patients) and spinal (two patients) lavage were performed to minimize consequences. A correctly prepared KCl infusion was connected to the epidural catheter for nine patients on wards (32%; 95% upper confidence limit: 48%) due to epidural–intravenous line confusion. Among the other 19 errors, KCl was confused with normal saline for 13 patients or local anesthetic in three patients. A wide range of concentrations and doses of KCl were administered. Variable use of intravenous steroid (13 patients) and epidural saline (eight patients) was found among patients who received epidural KCl. Human factors identified included incorrect visual perception, inadequate monitoring of infusions and substandard practice related to neuraxial anesthesia or analgesia.ConclusionsKCl administration via epidural or intrathecal route has been reported to cause catastrophic consequences.
Réponses adaptatives à un assèchement édaphique chez 3 provenances de chêne liège (Quercus suber)
Authors: Abassi Mejda , Zouaoui Refka , Hachani Chadlia , Béjaoui Zoubeir 
Published: August 2021

Les effets du changement climatique induisent dans la région méditerranéenne la recrudescence d’évènements extrêmes comme la sécheresse accentuant la dégradation des écosystèmes forestiers de Quercus suber L. Des jeunes plants de 3 provenances tunisiennes de Q. suber (El Feija (EF), Ben Metir (BM) et Oued Zen (OZ)) ont été évalués pour leur tolérance au manque d’eau en les soumettant durant 90 jours à 3 régimes hydriques (S0, irrigation à 100 % de la capacité au champ (CC); S1, 50 % CC; S2, 25 % CC). De nombreuses variables ont été mesurées (croissance des tiges, surface foliaire, densité et dimension des trichomes et des stomates, échanges gazeux et concentration en chlorophylles). Le déficit hydrique a occasionné une réduction des variables écophysiologiques et une augmentation de la densité des stomates et des trichomes. Une variabilité intraspécifique a été enregistrée. Les plants EF et BM ont montré un indice de plasticité phénotypique supérieur à celui des plants OZ. La meilleure flexibilité vis-à-vis du stress hydrique s’est traduite chez les plants EF par une augmentation de l’efficience de l’utilisation de l’eau intrinsèque (EUEi) convertie en une croissance plus soutenue des tiges. Dans un contexte global de réchauffement climatique et de fragilité des forêts méditerranéennes, la réussite des nouveaux boisements de Q. suber exige le choix de provenances les plus adaptées à la faible disponibilité en eau à l’instar de la provenance EF.
Null mutation in sspA of Cronobacter sakazakii influences its tolerance to environmental stress
Authors: Zhan Jie , Tan Xin , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2021

Cronobacter sakazakii is a known foodborne opportunistic pathogen that can affect the intestinal health of infants. Despite undergoing complex manufacturing processes and low water concentration in the finished product, infant formula has been associated with Cronobacter infections, suggesting that the pathogenicity of C. sakazakii may be related to its tolerance to stress. In this study, the effect of the stringent starvation protein A (SspA), which plays an important role in E. coli cellular survival under environmental stress, on the stress tolerance of C. sakazakii BAA894 was investigated by creating a sspA-knockout mutant. The effects of this mutation on acid, desiccation, and drug tolerance were assessed, and the results showed that acid tolerance decreased, while desiccation tolerance increased in LB and decreased in M9. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 antibiotics in LB medium and 8 antibiotics in M9 medium were determined and compared between the wild type and ΔsspA strains. Transcriptome analysis showed that 27.21% or 37.78% of the genes in ΔsspA were significantly differentially expressed in LB or M9 media, the genes relevant to microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and bacterial chemotaxis were analyzed in detail. The current study contributes to an improved understanding of the role of SspA in C. sakazakii BAA894 stress tolerance.
Confined vortex surface and irreversibility. 1. Properties of exact solution
Authors: Migdal Alexander 
Published: August 2021

We revise the steady vortex surface theory following the recent finding of asymmetric vortex sheets (Migdal, 2021). These surfaces avoid the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability by adjusting their discontinuity and shape. The vorticity collapses to the sheet only in an exceptional case considered long ago by Burgers and Townsend, where it decays as a Gaussian on both sides of the sheet. In generic asymmetric vortex sheets (Shariff, 2021), vorticity leaks to one side or another, making such sheets inadequate for vortex sheet statistics and anomalous dissipation. We conjecture that the vorticity in a turbulent flow collapses on a special kind of surface (confined vortex surface or CVS), satisfying some equations involving the tangent components of the local strain tensor. The most important qualitative observation is that the inequality needed for this solution’s stability breaks the Euler dynamics’ time reversibility. We interpret this as dynamic irreversibility. We have also represented the enstrophy as a surface integral, conserved in the Navier–Stokes equation in the turbulent limit, with vortex stretching and viscous diffusion terms exactly canceling each other on the CVS surfaces. We have studied the CVS equations for the cylindrical vortex surface for an arbitrary constant background strain with two different eigenvalues. This equation reduces to a particular version of the stationary Birkhoff–Rott equation for the 2D flow with an extra nonanalytic term. We study some general properties of this equation and reduce its solution to a fixed point of a map on a sphere, guaranteed to exist by the Brouwer theorem.
Kinobead Profiling Reveals Reprogramming of BCR Signaling in Response to Therapy within Primary CLL Cells
Authors: Linley Adam J. , Karydis Laura I. , Mondru Anil K. , D'Avola Annalisa , Al Shmrany Humood , Cicconi Silvia , Griffin Rebecca , Forconi Francesco , Pettitt Andrew R. , Kalakonda Nagesh , Rawstron Andrew C. , Hillmen Peter , Steele Andrew J. , MacEwan David J. , Packham Graham , Prior Ian A. , Slupsky Joseph R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), promoting both malignant cell survival and disease progression. Although vital, understanding of the wider signaling network associated with malignant BCR stimulation is poor. This is relevant with respect to potential changes in response to therapy, particularly involving kinase inhibitors. In the current study, we describe a novel high-resolution approach to investigate BCR signaling in primary CLL cells and track the influence of therapy on signaling response.

Experimental Design:
A kinobead/mass spectrometry–based protocol was used to study BCR signaling in primary CLL cells. Longitudinal analysis of samples donated by clinical trial patients was used to investigate the impact of chemoimmunotherapy and ibrutinib on signaling following surface IgM engagement. Complementary Nanostring and immunoblotting analysis was used to verify our findings.

Results:
Our protocol isolated a unique, patient-specific signature of over 30 kinases from BCR-stimulated CLL cells. This signature was associated with 13 distinct Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and showed significant change in cells from treatment-naïve patients compared with those from patients who had previously undergone therapy. This change was validated by longitudinal analysis of clinical trials samples where BCR-induced kinome responses in CLL cells altered between baseline and disease progression in patients failing chemoimmunotherapy and between baseline and treatment in patients taking ibrutinib.

Conclusions:
These data comprise the first comprehensive proteomic investigation of the BCR signaling response within CLL cells and reveal unique evidence that these cells undergo adaptive reprogramming of this signaling in response to therapy.
Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Homologous Recombination Deficiency–Associated Mutational Signatures in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sztupinszki Zsofia , Diossy Miklos , Borcsok Judit , Prosz Aurel , Cornelius Nanna , Kjeldsen Maj K. , Mirza Mansoor R. , Szallasi Zoltan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD) is one of the key determinants of PARP inhibitor response in ovarian cancer, and its accurate detection in tumor biopsies is expected to improve the efficacy of this therapy. Because HRD induces a wide array of genomic aberrations, mutational signatures may serve as a companion diagnostic to identify PARP inhibitor–responsive cases.

Experimental Design:
From the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) whole-exome sequencing (WES) data, we extracted different types of mutational signature–based HRD measures, such as the HRD score, genome-wide LOH, and HRDetect trained on ovarian and breast cancer–specific sequencing data. We compared their performance to identify BRCA1/2-deficient cases in the TCGA ovarian cancer cohort and predict survival benefit in platinum-treated, BRCA1/2 wild-type ovarian cancer.

Results:
We found that the HRD score, which is based on large chromosomal alterations alone, performed similarly well to an ovarian cancer–specific HRDetect, which incorporates mutations on a finer scale as well (AUC = 0.823 vs. AUC = 0.837). In an independent cohort these two methods were equally accurate predicting long-term survival after platinum treatment (AUC = 0.787 vs. AUC = 0.823). We also found that HRDetect trained on ovarian cancer was more accurate than HRDetect trained on breast cancer data (AUC = 0.837 vs. AUC = 0.795; P = 0.0072).

Conclusions:
When WES data are available, methods that quantify only large chromosomal alterations such as the HRD score and HRDetect that captures a wider array of HRD-induced genomic aberrations are equally efficient identifying HRD ovarian cancer cases.
Prognostic and Predictive Value of HER2 Expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Results from the UK/ANZ DCIS Randomized Trial
Authors: Thorat Mangesh A. , Levey Pauline M. , Jones J. Louise , Pinder Sarah E. , Bundred Nigel J. , Fentiman Ian S. , Cuzick Jack 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
HER2 is overexpressed more frequently in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than in invasive breast cancer but its prognostic significance and predictive role for radiotherapy has not been clearly established. We investigated the prognostic and predictive value of HER2 overexpression in DCIS.

Experimental Design:
HER2 expression was evaluated by IHC using the HercepTest™ in samples from UK/ANZ DCIS trial participants (n = 755) with IHC 3+ expression categorized as HER2 positive for primary analyses. Sensitivity analyses included HER2 categorization as negative (IHC 0,1+), equivocal (IHC 2+), and positive (IHC 3+) and analyses restricted to a nested case–control component where 181 cases (with recurrence) were matched to 362 controls by treatment arm and age.

Results:
Two-hundred and forty-five (34.4%) of evaluable 713 samples [181 ipsilateral breast events (IBE)] were HER2 positive. HER2 overexpression was associated with significantly increased risk of IBE [HR = 2.29; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.64–3.14; P &lt; 0.0001] and in situ IBE (DCIS-IBE; HR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.91–4.40; P &lt; 0.0001), but not of invasive IBE (I-IBE; HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.81–2.42; P = 0.23; Pheterogeneity = 0.04). Inclusion of HER2 significantly improved [Δχ2 (1d.f.) 12.25; P = 0.0005] a prognostic model of clinicopathological and treatment variables, HER2 being an independent predictor of IBE (multivariate HR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.33–2.76; P = 0.0004). Radiotherapy benefit in preventing DCIS-IBE was significantly greater (Pheterogeneity = 0.04) in HER2-positive DCIS (HR = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07–0.41) compared with HER2-negative DCIS (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28–1.19).

Conclusions:
HER2 overexpression is associated with significantly increased risk of in situ recurrence and is also predictive of radiotherapy benefit, with greater reductions in in situ but not invasive recurrences in HER2-positive DCIS.
Single-Agent Ibrutinib for Rituximab-Refractory Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Final Analysis of the Substudy of the Phase III InnovateTM Trial
Authors: Trotman Judith , Buske Christian , Tedeschi Alessandra , Matous Jeffrey V. , MacDonald David , Tam Constantine S. , Tournilhac Olivier , Ma Shuo , Treon Steven P. , Oriol Albert , Ping Jerry , Briso Eva M. , Arango-Hisijara Israel , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The first report from the open-label substudy of the phase III iNNOVATE study (PCYC-1127; NCT02165397) demonstrated that single-agent ibrutinib was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with heavily pretreated, rituximab-refractory Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Results from the final analysis are now reported.

Patients and Methods:
Ibrutinib 420 mg was administered once daily to patients (N = 31) who failed to achieve at least a minor response (MR) or who relapsed &lt;12 months after their last rituximab-containing therapy. Endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR; MR or better) per independent review committee, hemoglobin improvement, overall survival (OS), and safety; serum IgM was also assessed.

Results:
After a median follow-up of 58 months (range: 9–61), median PFS was 39 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 25–not evaluable]; 60-month PFS rate was 40%. In MYD88L265P/CXCR4WHIM and MYD88L265P/CXCR4WT subtypes, median PFS was 18 months and not reached, respectively. In all patients, ORR was 87%; responses deepened over time with major response (≥ partial response) rates increasing from 61% at 6 months to 77% at 60 months. Median OS was not reached. Seventeen of 21 patients (81%) with baseline hemoglobin ≤11.0 g/dL had sustained hemoglobin improvement. Improvements in serum IgM levels were sustained, reaching a maximum median change of −37 g/L at 54 months. Ibrutinib maintained a manageable safety profile, with no new safety signals identified. There were no events of major hemorrhage or atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions:
In the final analysis from iNNOVATE, single-agent ibrutinib continued to show sustained efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated, rituximab-refractory Waldenström macroglobulinemia.