bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol‐mediated RISK PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways decreasing reperfusion myocardial damage
Authors: Franco‐Vadillo Antonio , Toledo‐Blass Mireille , Rivera‐Herrera Zeltzin , Guevara‐Balcazar Gustavo , Orihuela‐Rodriguez Oscar , Morales‐Carmona Jose A. , Kormanovski‐Kovzova Alexandre , Lopez‐Sanchez Pedro , Rubio‐Gayosso Ivan , Castillo‐Hernandez Maria del Carmen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMyocardial ischemia continues to be the first cause of morbimortality in the world; the definitive treatment is reperfusion; however, this action causes additional damage to ischemic myocardial tissue; this forces to seek therapies of cardioprotection to reduce this additional damage. There are many cardioprotective agents; within these, cannabinoids have shown to have beneficial effects, mainly cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is a non psychoactive cannabinoid. To evaluate the effect in experimental models of CBD in myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats, twelve‐week‐old male rats have been used. The animals were divides in 3 groups: control(C), ischemia reperfusion (IR) and CBD pretreatment (1/day/5mg/kg /10days). Langendorff organ isolate studies were performed, and the area of infarction was assessed with triphenyl tetrazolium, in addition to molecular analysis of AT1 and AT2 receptors and Akt and Erk proteins and their phosphorylated forms related to RISK pathways. It was observed that there is an improvement with the use of CBD increasing inotropism and cardiac lusitropism, improving considerably the cardiovascular functionality. These could be related to the reduction of the area of infarction and activation of the AT2 receptor and the RISK pathway with absence of activation of the AT2 receptor (these could relate the reduction of the infarct area and the restoration of cardiovascular function with the activation of the AT2 receptor and the RISK pathway with the absence of activation of the AT2 receptor). The use of cannabinoids was shown to have beneficial effects when used as a treatment for myocardial reperfusion damage.
Stathmin dynamics modulate the activity of eribulin in breast cancer cells
Authors: Yoshie Mikihiro , Ishida Akari , Ohashi Haruka , Nakachi Nami , Azumi Mana , Tamura Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStathmin, a phosphoprotein that modulates microtubule dynamics, is highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Eribulin, a microtubule‐depolymerizing agent, is used to treat patients with advanced breast cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the action of eribulin during microtubule catastrophe, and the interaction between eribulin and stathmin dynamics, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of stathmin in the antiproliferative activity of eribulin in breast cancer cells. Eribulin induced phosphorylation of stathmin in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells; this was attenuated by an inhibitor of protein kinase A (H89) and an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (KN62). In addition, expression of phosphorylated stathmin was reduced by the protein phosphatase PP2A activator FTY720 but increased by the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid. Of note, expression of PP2A subunits in eribulin‐treated cells decreased, although eribulin did not affect the phosphatase activity of recombinant PP2A directly. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of eribulin was stronger in stathmin‐overexpressing cells. These results suggest that stathmin dynamics are closely associated with the antiproliferative effects of eribulin and stathmin is a possible biomarker for predicting the therapeutic effects of eribulin in breast cancer patients.
Varying contributions of three ryanodine receptor point mutations to diamide insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Jiang Dong , Qian Cheng , Wang Danhui , Wang Falong , Zhao Shan , Yang Yihua , Baxter Simon W , Wang Xingliang , Wu Yidong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough decoding the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance has often proven difficult, recent progress has revealed that specific mutations in the ryanodine receptor (RyR) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, can confer resistance to diamide insecticides. The extent to which specific RyR mutations contribute to the diamide resistance phenotype, the associated genetic traits and fitness costs remain limited.RESULTSThree field‐evolved PxRyR mutations (G4946E, I4790 M, and I4790 K) were respectively introgressed into a common susceptible background strain (IPP‐S) of P. xylostella with marker‐assisted backcrossing. The mutations alone can result in moderate to high levels of resistance to five commercial diamides (flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, and cyclaniliprole), and the resistance intensity mediated by the three mutations was hierarchical in order of I4790 K (1199‐ to >2778‐fold) > G4946E (39‐ to 739‐fold) > I4790 M (16‐ to 57‐fold). Flubendiamide resistance was autosomal and incompletely recessive, and was significantly linked with the introgressed mutations in the three constructed strains. In addition, the resistance levels to flubendiamide of hybrid progeny from any two resistant strains fell in between the status of their parents. Furthermore, by comparing the net replacement rate, the fitness of 4946E, 4790 M and 4790 K strains were 0.77, 0.93 and 0.92 relative to the IPP‐S strain, respectively.CONCLUSIONThree independent PxRyR mutations confer varying degrees of resistance to diamides in P. xylostella. Among the three mutations, I4790 K confers highest levels of resistance (> 1000‐fold) to all five commercial diamides. The findings can guide resistance management practices for diamides in P. xylostella and other arthropods.
Endometrial polyps with increased plasma cells are associated with chronic endometritis in infertility patients: Hysteroscopic findings and post‐polypectomy pregnancy rates
Authors: Nomiyama Mari , Yamasaki Fumio , Tokunaga Mariko , Ohbuchi Yukari , Sago Naka , Arima Kaoru , Nishiyama Wakako , Hashiguchi Mariko , Kojima Kayoko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe relationship between endometrial polyps (EPs), chronic endometritis (CE), hysteroscopic findings, and antimicrobial in infertility patients was determined.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 115 infertility patients with suspected EPs who underwent office hysteroscopy. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 38 with increased plasma cells in EPs (group 1); 31 without increased plasma cells in EPs (group 2); and 46 without EPs (group 3). The 3 groups underwent hysteroscopy with or without polypectomies, and immediately thereafter, an endometrial aspiration biopsy (EAB) was performed. CE was diagnosed based on plasma cell infiltration in the non‐polypoid endometrium obtained by EAB.ResultsThe percentage of CE was 68.4%, 32.2%, and 28.3% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CE was more frequent in group 1 than group 2 or 3 (P = .01 and P = .002, respectively). The number of polyps was higher in group 1 than group 2. After adjustment for age and assisted reproductive technology, antibiotic therapy was not associated with pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.05‐3.57) in patients with EPs and CE.ConclusionsGroup 1 was associated with CE, and hysteroscopic findings were different from group 2. Antibiotic therapy after polypectomy for EPs with CE may not always be necessary.
Present variants of concern and variants of interest of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Their significant mutations in S‐glycoprotein, infectivity, re‐infectivity, immune escape and vaccines activity
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , Bhattacharya Manojit , Sharma Ashish Ranjan 
Published: June 2021

SummaryNewly arising variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are now a threat to global public health and are creating COVID‐19 surges in different countries. At the same time, there is limited knowledge about these emerging variants. Even if research data are available, it is varyingly scattered. In this review, we have discussed the appearance of significant alarming SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in the entire world. The study also discusses the properties of the substantial variant of concern (VOC) variants such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.427 (Epsilon) and B.1.429 (Epsilon). At the same time, the characteristic properties of some significant variant of interest (VOI) variants like B.1.525 (Eta), B.1.526 (Iota) (sublineage B.1.526.1), B.1.617 (sublineages B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.617.3), P.2 (Zeta), P.3 (Theta), B.1.616 and B.1.427 have also been discussed. Here, we have explained some essential mutations for the VOC and VOI variants such as K417T/N, L452R, E484K, N501Y, D614G and P681R. Consecutively, we also highlighted the crucial clinical characteristics of the variants, such as transmissibility, infectivity, re‐infectivity, immune escape, vaccine activity and vaccine escape. Our comprehensive review will provide updated information on the newly appearing variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and help the researchers to formulate strategies to curtail the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Manganese‐coated IRIS to document reducing soil conditions
Authors: Rabenhorst Martin C. , Drohan Patrick J. , Galbraith John M. , Moorberg Colby , Spokas Lesley , Stolt Mark H. , Thompson James A. , Turk Judith , Vasilas Bruce L. , Vaughan Karen L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIron‐coated indicatorof reduction in soils (IRIS) devices have been used for nearly two decades to help assess and document reducing conditions in soils, and official guidance has been approved for interpreting these data. Interest in manganese (Mn)‐coated IRIS devices has increased because Mn oxides are reduced under more moderately reducing conditions than iron (Fe) oxides (which require strongly reducing conditions), such that they are expected to be better proxies for some important ecosystem services like denitrification. However, only recently has the necessary technology become available to produce Mn‐coated IRIS, and the need is now emerging for guidance in interpreting data derived from Mn IRIS. Ninety‐six data sets collected over a 2‐yr period from 40 plots at 18 study sites among eight states were used to compare the performance of Mn‐coated IRIS with Fe‐coated IRIS and to assess the effect of duration of saturation and soil temperature as environmental drivers on the reduction and removal of the oxide coating. It appears that the current threshold prescribed by the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils for Fe‐coated IRIS is appropriate for periods when soil temperatures are warmer (>11 °C), but is unnecessarily conservative when soil temperatures are cooler (5–11 °C). In contrast, Mn‐coated devices are particularly useful early in the growing season when soil temperatures are cool. Our data show that when using a threshold of 30% removal of Mn oxide coatings there is essentially 100% confidence of the presence of reducing soil conditions under cool (<11 °C) conditions.
Temporal associations among loneliness, anxiety, and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic period
Authors: Wu Jianfen , Wu Yunpeng , Tian Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that individuals' loneliness, anxiety, and depression levels increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic period. However, reciprocal associations among loneliness, anxiety, and depression, as well as gender differences in these associations, have not been investigated. Therefore, temporal associations among loneliness, anxiety, and depression and gender differences in these associations were examined in a longitudinal study during the COVID‐19 pandemic period. The loneliness, anxiety, and depression levels of 458 university students were evaluated at three timepoints (T1, T2, and T3) during the COVID‐19 pandemic period in China. The timepoints were separated by 1 month. Cross‐lagged panel designs were used to examine reciprocal associations among loneliness, anxiety, and depression as well as the stability and gender differences of these associations. Cross‐lagged panel analysis revealed that T1 depression positively predicted T2 anxiety and loneliness, T1 loneliness positively predicted T2 depression, T2 anxiety positively predicted T3 depression, T2 depression positively predicted T3 anxiety and loneliness, T2 loneliness positively predicted T3 depression, and T1 loneliness positively predicted T3 anxiety through the mediating role of T2 depression. No gender differences were observed in the cross‐lagged associations. During the COVID‐19 pandemic period, loneliness and depression predicted each other across time, and loneliness predicted anxiety across time, mediated by depression. No gender differences were observed in the cross‐lagged associations among loneliness, anxiety, and depression.
Transcutaneous Measurement of Essential Vitamins Using Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors
Authors: Bakh Naveed A. , Gong Xun , Lee Michael A. , Jin Xiaojia , Koman Volodymyr B. , Park Minkyung , Nguyen Freddy T. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVitamins such as riboflavin and ascorbic acid are frequently utilized in a range of biomedical applications as drug delivery targets, fluidic tracers, and pharmaceutical excipients. Sensing these biochemicals in the human body has the potential to significantly advance medical research and clinical applications. In this work, a nanosensor platform consisting of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nanoparticle corona phases engineered to allow for the selective molecular recognition of ascorbic acid and riboflavin, is developed. The study provides a methodological framework for the implementation of colloidal SWCNT nanosensors in an intraperitoneal SKH1‐E murine model by addressing complications arising from tissue absorption and scattering, mechanical perturbations, as well as sensor diffusion and interactions with the biological environment. Nanosensors are encapsulated in a polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel and a diffusion model is utilized to validate analyte transport and sensor responses to local concentrations at the boundary. Results are found to be reproducible and stable after exposure to 10% mouse serum even after three days of in vivo implantation. A geometrical encoding scheme is used to reference sensor pairs, correcting for in vivo optical and mechanical artifacts, resulting in an order of magnitude improvement of p‐value from 0.084 to 0.003 during analyte sensing.
Abnormal Properties of Low‐Dimensional Confined Water
Authors: Wang Dianyu , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater molecules confined to low‐dimensional spaces exhibit unusual properties compared to bulk water. For example, the alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanodomains on flat silicon wafer can induce the abnormal spreading of water (contact angles near 0°) which is caused by the 2D capillary effect. Hence, exploring the physicochemical properties of confined water from the nanoscale is of great value for understanding the challenges in material science and promoting the applications of nanomaterials in the fields of mass transport, nanofluidic designing, and fuel cell. The knowledge framework of confined water can also help to better understand the complex functions of the hydration layer of biomolecules, and even trace the origin of life. In this review, the physical properties, abnormal behaviors, and functions of the confined water are mainly summarized through several common low‐dimensional water formats in the fields of solid/air–water interface, nanochannel confinement, and biological hydration layer. These researches indicate that the unusual behaviors of the confined water depend strongly on the confinement size and the interaction between the molecules and confining surface. These diverse properties of confined water open a new door to materials science and may play an important role in the future development of biology.
3D Printing‐Enabled Nanoparticle Alignment: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Xu Weiheng , Jambhulkar Sayli , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Zhu Yuxiang , Kakarla Mounika , Nian Qiong , Azeredo Bruno , Chen Xiangfan , Jin Kailong , Vernon Brent , Lott David G. , Cornella Jeffrey L. , Shefi Orit , Miquelard‐Garnier Guillaume , Yang Yang , Song Kenan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract3D printing (additive manufacturing (AM)) has enormous potential for rapid tooling and mass production due to its design flexibility and significant reduction of the timeline from design to manufacturing. The current state‐of‐the‐art in 3D printing focuses on material manufacturability and engineering applications. However, there still exists the bottleneck of low printing resolution and processing rates, especially when nanomaterials need tailorable orders at different scales. An interesting phenomenon is the preferential alignment of nanoparticles that enhance material properties. Therefore, this review emphasizes the landscape of nanoparticle alignment in the context of 3D printing. Herein, a brief overview of 3D printing is provided, followed by a comprehensive summary of the 3D printing‐enabled nanoparticle alignment in well‐established and in‐house customized 3D printing mechanisms that can lead to selective deposition and preferential orientation of nanoparticles. Subsequently, it is listed that typical applications that utilized the properties of ordered nanoparticles (e.g., structural composites, heat conductors, chemo‐resistive sensors, engineered surfaces, tissue scaffolds, and actuators based on structural and functional property improvement). This review's emphasis is on the particle alignment methodology and the performance of composites incorporating aligned nanoparticles. In the end, significant limitations of current 3D printing techniques are identified together with future perspectives.
Recognition of Formal and Non-formal Training in Data Science
Authors: Menasalvas Ernestina , Swoboda Nik , Moreno Ana , Metzger Andreas , Rothweiler Aristide , Pavlopoulou Niki , Curry Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fields of Big Data, Data Analytics and Data Science, which are key areas of current and future industrial demand, are quickly growing and evolving. Within Europe, there is a significant skills gap which needs to be addressed. A key activity is to ensure we meet future needs for skills and align the supply of educational offerings with the demands from industry and society. In this chapter, we detail one step in this direction, a programme to recognise Data Science skills. The chapter introduces the data skills challenge and the importance of formal and non-formal education. It positions data skills within a framework for skills and education, and it reviews key projects which have advanced the data skills agenda. It then introduces recognition frameworks for formal and non-formal Data Science training, and it details a methodology to achieve consensus between interested stakeholders in both academia and industry, and the platforms needed to be deployed for the proposal. Finally, we present a case study of the application of recognition frameworks within an online educational portal for students.
Trade Union Approaches to Global Value Chains: The Indonesian Experience
Authors: Zimmer Reingard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe evident failure of voluntary corporate codes of conduct and their monitoring has further intensified debates over the purchasing practices and legal accountability of transnational corporations. This article analyses the development of International Framework Agreements as an alternative approach advanced by trade unions and describes the characteristics of these instruments, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses concerning implementation and monitoring. It specifically focuses on the Indonesian Protocol on Freedom of Association, a special framework agreement concluded between Indonesian trade unions and international sportswear firms to protect freedom of association and trade union rights in the Indonesian textile, garment and footwear industries. After presenting the protocol’s content, the article discusses findings concerning the implementation and monitoring of the agreement, based on interviews conducted by the author in Indonesia between November 2018 and January 2019. It identifies several key factors that led to the successful promotion of strong trade union rights in the formation phase of the agreement, namely public awareness due to intensive campaigning around a mega sporting event, strong support from different civil society actors and the presence of a neutral facilitator. Overall, the Indonesian Protocol on Freedom of Association is an example of a bottom-up process that strengthens the signatory trade unions and thus serves as a potential model for actors in other countries.
Paradoxes of Strategic Labour Rights Litigation: Insights from the Baldia Factory Fire Litigation
Authors: Siddiqi Faisal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the legal activism that followed the Ali Enterprises factory fire and its aftermath in Pakistan. This chapter has two purposes: firstly, it documents the legal proceedings that were initiated and pursued in the courts of Pakistan as well as its interconnected developments. Secondly, I aim to use this engagement with the legal proceedings of the Baldia factory fire aftermath as an opportunity for an in-depth reflection on the capacity and, finally, suitability of the judicial process to bring about justice in struggles over human and labour rights. Providing a rare and insider account of the legal proceedings in the Pakistani courts and its interconnected developments, I hope to lay the empirical foundation for the theoretical and strategic claims of this study. It is against the background and based on the experience with the litigation and legal advocacy following the Baldia fire that I examine the two what I perceive as “paradoxes” at the heart of the litigation. The first is the inseparability of the “limited justice” that may result from such litigation on one hand, and the “structural injustice” that informs and determines the conditions the litigation seeks to address—and transform—on the other hand. The second paradox concerns the inseparability of both law and lawlessness as regards the legal context of the litigation, advocacy and policy proposal elements that are here in play.My argument is that these apparently contradictory phenomena not only coexist alongside one another but that they guarantee each other’s existence. This analysis leads me to the conclusion that in order to understand and improve such forms of strategic litigation, it is necessary to measure its success and failure in terms of three distinct but interconnected criteria. These are thetactical,strategicandstructuralimpacts of the litigation. Ultimately, I will argue for rejecting what is often perceived by involved stakeholders to be an unavoidable choice between nihilism, euphoria or incremental reform in this context. But, to the contrary, I will argue for a conception of legal struggles as a means of building sustainable and fruitful forms of resistance and of change based on the recognition and exploitation of these irreconcilable paradoxes rather than fruitless attempts to ignore or transcend these irreconcilable contradictions.
Four Against KiK: A Conversation with Caspar Dohmen
Authors: Bader Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCaspar Dohmen is a business journalist, author and lecturer living in Berlin. In this interview, he speaks to Michael Bader about the role of the media in raising awareness, transnational activism and strategic litigation claims. Their conversation illuminates the crucial role of journalists regarding inter-connected transnational social struggles, such as global production of textile and garment.
Rückblick und Ausblick: Für eine dekoloniale politische Bildung
Authors: Kleinschmidt Malte 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungStatt einer Zusammenfassung zielt dieser Abschnitt auf eine Einordnung des Textes sowie eine Reflexion auf seine Auslassungen. Gleichzeitig ist dieser Abschnitt ein Plädoyer für die Weiterentwicklung des Ansatzes dekolonialer politischer Bildung.