bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial Registry Use in Orthopaedic Surgery Systematic Reviews
Authors: Reddy Arjun K. , Anderson J. Michael , Gray Harrison M. , Fishbeck Keith , Vassar Matt 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which have the highest level of evidence (Level I), often drive clinical decision-making and health policy. Often, unpublished trial data are omitted from systematic reviews, raising concerns about the extent of the reliability and validity of results that have been drawn from systematic reviews. We aimed to determine the extent to which systematic review authors include searches of clinical trial registries for unpublished data when conducting systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:
Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were gathered from the top 5 orthopaedic surgery journals based on the h5-index from Google Scholar Metrics. Systematic reviews that had been published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which requires the inclusion of a clinical trial registry search, served as controls. For the primary outcome, each systematic review from the top 5 orthopaedic journals was screened to determine whether the authors of each study searched for unpublished data in clinical trial registries. We then compared the rate of registry searches with those in the control group. For the secondary analysis, a search of ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for unpublished trial data for 100 randomized systematic reviews.

Results:
All 38 of the Cochrane systematic reviews (100%) included clinical trial registry searches, while the top 5 orthopaedic journals had only 31 of 480 studies (6.5%) that looked at clinical trial registries. The secondary analysis yielded 59 of 100 systematic review articles (59.0%) that could have included unpublished clinical trial data from ≥1 studies to their sample.

Conclusions:
Systematic reviews that have been published in the top orthopaedic surgery journals seldom included a search for unpublished clinical trial data.

Clinical Relevance:
The exclusion of clinical trial registry searches potentially contributes to publication bias within the orthopaedic literature. Moving forward, systematic review authors should include clinical trial registry searches for unpublished clinical trial data to provide the most accurate representation of the available evidence for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Acute Arthrodesis of Ipsilateral Pilon and Talus Fracture
Authors: Sanders Drew 
Published: May 2021

Case:
We report a unique case of an ipsilateral distal tibia pilon fracture and talar body after motor vehicle collision. Our patient was successfully treated with acute arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint, with return to good function 1-year after surgery.

Conclusion:
Pilon and talus fractures are complex injuries. They require specialized surgical care, are complicated by loss of function, continued pain, and lead to subsequent reconstructive procedures such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty. In the presence of concomitant pilon and talus fractures, acute arthrodesis can yield good results and return to function.
C1 and C2 Fractures Above a Previous Fusion Treated with Internal Fixation without Fusion
Authors: Kolz Joshua M. , Hobson Sandra L. , Currier Bradford L. , Nassr Ahmad N. 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 71-year-old woman sustained C1 lateral mass and type 2 odontoid fractures 3 years after C2-T2 anterior-posterior fusion. She was treated with C1-C4 instrumentation without fusion for 9 months followed by instrumentation removal to restore atlantoaxial motion. After instrumentation removal, she maintained clinically relevant cervical lateral bending, rotation, and flexion and extension.

Conclusion:
The loss of upper cervical motion after C1-C2 instrumented fusion may be debilitating for patients in the setting of previous subaxial cervical fusion. Temporary instrumentation without fusion may allow for preservation of upper cervical motion in patients with concomitant C1 and C2 fractures above a previous cervical fusion.
Listening through Webs for/of Creole Improvisation
Authors: Yulsman Sam , Cox Jessie 
Published: May 2021

Our paper reflects on our experience with Weaving Music II—a web performance space we built with fifteen artists working across different disciplines. The website and our essay attempt to create alternatives to the “at-the-same-timeness” of streaming technologies as well as the forms of listening defined by data capitalism and corporate platforms like Google and YouTube. At the heart of the alternative practices we propose is an embrace of what we see as the creolizing potentiality of the Web and of listening. To unpack these potentialities, the essay and artwork critically reflect on listening that occurs through Afrofuturistic modes of engagement with technology, space and time. We consider the historical origins of Web improvisations, our approach to collaboration using Weaving Music II, and theories of information that move beyond the need for predefined codes of understanding.
Stormwater Utility Fee Estimation Method for Individual Land Use Areas
Authors: Yoo jaehyun , Yoo Jae-Hyun , Kim Kye-Hyun , Choi Ji-Yong , Lee Chol-Young 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In South Korea, a reasonable rate system that can be domestically applied to calculate the sewage and stormwater separately from the domestic sewage fee system is needed. This study proposes a phased pricing scenario to separate sewage and stormwater in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, and the rate changes are compared based on a simulated calculation of the stormwater utility fee. In this investigation, stormwater runoff cases from other countries and the current domestic system are analyzed. A stormwater utility fee introduction scenario is presented that considers the impervious surface area. Water and sewage usage statistics and hydrant spatial data were collected from the Incheon Metropolitan City Waterworks Authority, and the total amount of water and sewage fees from the land use area were calculated. The stormwater utility fee was calculated, and the rates of each step were compared. The total sewage fee of Bupyeong-gu during 2014 was 21,685,446,578 won and the phased stormwater utility fee was calculated, assuming that 40% represents the stormwater cost. The sewage fee for the residential area in phase 3 decreased by 0.77% compared to phase 1. For the commercial areas, the sewage fee decreased by 36.87%. Because the impervious surface ratio was high, the overall area contributing to the impervious surface area was small. In the industrial area, the sewage fee increased by 8.35%. In the green area, the sewage fee increased by 37.46%. The sewage fee for the apartment complexes decreased by 10.6%. Finally, the possibility of estimating the actual stormwater utility fee is confirmed.
Prevalence, Treatment Patterns, and Prognosis of Low Estrogen Receptor–Positive (1% to 10%) Breast Cancer: A Single Institution’s Experience in Korea
Authors: Park Yeon Hee , Karantza Vassiliki , Calhoun Shawna R. , Park Seri , Lee Sohee , Kim Ji-Yeon , Yu Jong Han , Kim Seok Won , Lee Jeong Eon , Nam Seok Jin , Aktan Gursel , Marisco Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To determine prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics, initial treatments, and outcomes associated with low estrogen receptor (ER)–expressing invasive breast cancer.Methods: This retrospective, noninterventional database study included patients undergoing surgery with curative intent for invasive ductal or lobular breast cancer. Patients were treated between January 2003-December 2012. Demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, initial treatments, and outcomes were abstracted from patient records. Patients were categorized using immunohistochemistry to determine ER, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels. ER-positive patients were subclassified as ER-Low (1%–10%) and ER-High (>10%) according to Allred Proportion Score. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among groups by log-rank test.Results: 5930 patients were included (median follow-up, 80.9 months). Of all patients included, 117 (2.0%) had ER-Low tumors, 63 (53.8%) of whom had HER2− tumors and 54 (46.2%) HER2+ tumors. Five-year DFS and OS were highest in the ER-High/HER2− cohort (94.0% and 98.6%, respectively) and lowest in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; 81.3% and 90.1%) and ER-Low/HER2− (85.7% and 92.1%) cohorts. Menopausal status, elevated Ki-67, higher nuclear grade, higher tumor stage, presence of lymphovascular invasion, greater regional lymph node involvement, and larger tumor size were all potential prognostic factors for shorter DFS and OS. Conclusion: Patients with ER-Low/HER2− breast cancer had similar clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and outcomes as patients with TNBC irrespective of disease setting. Further research is needed to understand predictive and prognostic factors associated with ER-Low/HER2− disease.
Removal of NO With Fe(II)NTA Solution Catalyzed By The Carbon Treated With Ethylenediamine
Authors: Dou Xin-wei , Chen Pei-yun , Zhang Ruo-chuan , Long Xiangli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fe(Ⅱ)NTA solution manifests a good performance in the simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Activated carbon is used to catalyze the reduction of Fe(III)NTA to Fe(Ⅱ)NTA to retain the ability of absorbing NO. Ethylenediamine(EDA) solution is capable of changing the physical structure and chemical characteristics on the carbon surface to improve the catalytic capability of activated carbon. The experiments suggest that the best treatment condition be immersing the carbon in 5.0 mol l-1 EDA solution for 6 h followed by being heated at 700 ℃ in N2 for 4 h. The modification with EDA increases the surface area and alkalinity on the carbon. The experiments also indicate that the removal efficiency of nitric oxide catalyzed by the modified carbon is significantly improved compared with that of the original one.
Association between regional monsoon onset in South Asia and Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing
Authors: Hu Die , Duan Anmin , Zhang Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By using multiple data sources and two sensitivity experiments using the atmospheric general circulation model of CAM4.0, we investigated the effect of thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the onset of the South Asian summer monsoon, including over the Arabian Sea (AS) and India. Results indicate that the seesaw pattern of diabatic heating over the TP, with a southeastern–northwestern inverse distribution in May, shows a robust relationship with the date of monsoon onset over the AS and India, which is independent of the influences from ocean signals. A positive diabatic heating seesaw pattern can enhance the ascending (descending) motion over the southeastern (northwestern) TP, corresponding to above (below) normal in- situ precipitation. Temperature budget diagnosis reveals that the adiabatic heating by the anomalous vertical motion and relevant horizontal advection of temperature convergence in the mid-upper troposphere are contributors to the warming over the TP. Consequently, the transition of the meridional temperature gradient over South Asian regions occurs earlier. Furthermore, the diabatic heating over the TP induces an enhanced and westward-extended South Asian high (SAH), which together with the easterly along the southern flank of the SAH superimpose on the low-level westerly flow over the AS and India, resulting in intensive upper-level divergence-pumping and upward motion. This anomalous circulation configuration in lower and upper levels further facilitates an earlier onset of summer monsoon in these two regions. These findings are corroborated in the sensitivity runs based on CAM4.0.
Development and psychometrics properties of a questionnaire to measure the general perception of COVID-19 risk in Iran: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Samadipour Ezat , Ghardashi Fatemeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Risk perception in this COVID19 situation is important and its measurement tool can be useful in terms of the making of social health policy. This study aimed to develop and psychometrics properties of a new scale, for assessing general perception of Covid-19 risk (GPCOVID-19R) in Iran.Methods A methodological study with a structural equation model approach was used to develop and psychometrics the GPCOVID-19 R questionnaire. First, qualitative method, an operational definition of risk perception of COVID-19 was presented by 10 experts. The item generation and scale development were performed through literature review, a qualitative approach, and interviews with an expert panel. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated by means of cross-sectional studies. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and scale correlation were performed using Amos software version 23.Results 304 users of social groups in Tehran province participated in completing the online questionnaire. The results of psychometric properties of the questionnaire indicate the desired validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors, containing 20 items. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with appropriate fitness for the data.Conclusion The results of the study suggest that GPCOVID-19R is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Iranians' general perception of Covid-19 risk.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Evolocumab in Patients With Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome in China
Authors: Xi Xiaoyu , Wang Xin , Xie Wenwen , Jia Yu , Sanchez Santiago Zuluaga , Martinez Laura , Zhao Quanming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the cost-effectiveness of evolocumab, a PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor, added to background statins therapy in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event (in the past 12 months) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥100 mg/dL in China.Methods: A health economic evaluation was performed from a Chinese healthcare perspective, using a Markov model over a lifetime horizon based on baseline CV event rate from claims database data and efficacy from the FOURIER trial. The health benefit was reflected in the decrease of LDL-C level, which led to the decrease of cardiovascular events. The cost of cardiovascular events and the utility value of each health state were derived from published literature. Sensitivity analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of uncertainty in parameters and the robustness of the model. The cost-effectiveness of evolocumab was also explored in patients with recent MI, very high-risk (VHR) ASCVD and homozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia (HoFH).Results: In recent ACS patients, evolocumab was associated with incremental quality adjusted life years (QALYs) of 1.41 and incremental costs of 120,966 yuan vs. ezetimibe, both with background statins therapy, resulting in an ICER of 85,964 yuan per QALY gained. The probability that evolocumab is cost-effective at a threshold of 217,341 yuan (3 times per capita GDP, 2020) was 100% in patients with recent ACS, recent MI, VHR ASCVD and HoFH.Conclusion: Compared with ezetimibe, evolocumab was considered to be cost-effective in patients with a recent ACS event in China.
How Waterlogged Conditions Influence the Nitrogen Removal Performance in a Micro Constructed Wetland
Authors: Xie Lumeng , Liu Ying , Zhao Shiqiang , Dai Liyi , Zhang Mingxiang , Zhang Zhenming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Growing populations and industrialization have led to raised wetland ecosystems nitrogen(N) loads. A micro constructed wetland planted with Lythrum salicaria L treating an artificial wastewater was used to investigate the short-term variations in the plant biomass and the removal efficiency of N. Our results showed that the biomass of Lythrum salicaria L. increased rapidly during the experiment due to their extensive root system and vigorous spread, and waterlogged conditions had little effect on the relationship between biomass and the concentration of TN in soil and effluent. Under different waterlogged conditions, the removal rates of TN in the water were all more than 60%, providing a reference for waterlogged conditions used in wetland eutrophication restoration.
Prognostic Nomogram and Risk Stratification System for Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: A SEER-Based Population Study
Authors: Lu Hai , Jiang Jinqun , Zhang YuZhu , Xu Rui , Ren Liping , Chen QianJun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose To construct and validate a nomogram and risk stratification model for predicting overall survival (OS) of patients with breast cancer bone metastasis (BCBM).Methods We collected data on BCBM patients between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were excluded if the data on the follow-up time or clinicopathological information were incomplete. The patients were randomly divided into the training set and validation set. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed. By integrating these variables, a predictive nomogram and risk stratification model were constructed and assessed using C-indexes and calibration curves.Results Multivariate analysis showed that age, race, marital status, tumor subtype, grade, T classification, surgery, chemotherapy, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, and lung metastasis were independent prognostic indicators of BCBM. These results were reproducible when nomograms were applied to the testing cohort for external validation. The C-index of the nomogram to predict OS was 0.704, which was higher than that of the seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system (0.564; P<0.001). A risk stratification model was further generated to accurately differentiate patients into two prognostic groups. The survival rates predicted by the nomogram showed significant distinctions between the Kaplan–Meier curves in the entire cohort and each tumor subtype. Conclusion The nomogram and risk stratification system predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS for patients with newly diagnosed BCBM with satisfactory performance were constructed to help physicians in evaluating the mortality risk in patients with BCBM.
Precision and Accuracy of the Pre-Surgical Planning of Non-Cemented Total Hip Replacement With Calibrated Digital Images and Acetates
Authors: Useche Luis Fernando , Gaitan-Lee Hernando , Tovar María Alejandra Duarte , Halley Patrick Dennis , Jaramillo Alejandro Romero , García Efraim Leal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPre-surgical planning in joint replacements allows an estimation of the size and position of the potential implant before surgery. Currently, there are two methods to estimate the size and position: Analogue and digital. This study aims to demonstrate that the hybrid technique is accurate and precise in pre-surgical planning of non-cemented Total Hip Replacement. MethodsConcordance-type study against a gold standard, as well as inter and intraobserver consistency evaluation of two orthopedic surgeons and two orthopedic surgery residents. Accuracy was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), afterwards, the same calculation was done taking into account a margin of error of 1 size above and 1 size below. ResultsThirty-eight patients were included in the study. 19 women and 19 men. 22 prostheses (57.89%) were right-lateralized and 16 left (42.11%). 12 prostheses (31.57%) were Stryker and 26 Johnson & Johnson (68.43%) Acetabular cup correlation compared with the gold standard was moderate: ICC reported 0.45 (95% CI, 0.15-0.76). When adjusted by +/-1 size ICC was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.18-0.79). On the other hand, results from the femoral stem reported: ICC 0.85 (95% CI, 0.07-0.98). When adjusted by +/-1 size ICC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.06-0.99). ConclusionsHybrid templating is a reliable substitute for analog or digital templating. It is quick and inexpensive; better results are observed in the femoral component. The level of expertise of the evaluator did not affect the accuracy of the planning. Level of evidence: Grade IV
Laboratory scale production of complex protein substrates using substrate-complimentary nanoenvironments
Authors: Deshpande Siddharth , Sadeghi Samira , Vallerinteavide Girish Mavelli , Aksoyoglu M. Alphan , Bafna Jayesh , winterhalter mathias , Kini Manjunatha , Lane David , Drum Chester 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In vitro protein folding is a complex process which often results in protein aggregation, low yields and low specific activity. We report the use of nanoscale exoshells (tES) to provide specific nanoenvironments for the folding and release of 12 highly diverse protein substrates ranging from small protein toxins to human albumin, a dimeric protein (alkaline phosphatase), a trimeric ion channel (Omp2a) and the tetrameric tumor suppressor, p53. These proteins represent a unique diversity in size, volume, disulfide linkages, isoelectric point and multi versus monomeric nature of their functional units. Crude soluble yield (3-fold to > 100-fold), functional yield (2-fold to > 100-fold) and specific activity (3-fold to > 100-fold) were increased for all the proteins tested. The average soluble yield of POI was 6.5 mg/100 mg of tES. Charge complementation between the tES internal cavity and the protein substrate was the primary determinant in functional folding. Our results confirm the importance of nanoscale electrostatic effects and provide a novel nanoparticle solution for folding proteins in vitro.
Identification of Prognostic Signature and Immune Infiltration in the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Jian Xueyi , Wei Xiaofeng , Lin Yan , Huang Zena , Lin Jiaqiong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), characterized by high immunogenicity, has an increasing incidence in recent years. The development of immunotherapy recently offered a promising treatment for patients with SKCM. Unfortunately, not all patients derive benefit from such treatment, so we still face considerable challenges. Hence, it is imperative to develop novel prognostic signature and identify immunotherapeutic targets. In the present study, patients in high immune scores group presented a higher survival rate, while no statistical difference was observed in groups with different stromal scores. 493 DEGs were identified for functional analysis, which were enriched in function related to immune regulation such as lymphocyte activation and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Subsequently, 84 DEGs intersected from Univariate Cox regression analysis and top 100 hub genes in PPI network were identified for the construction of prognostic model. Finally, a prognostic signature including 3 genes (HLA-DQB2, CD80 and GBP4) was established in TCGA training dataset, which was effectively validated in test dataset. Moreover, the model was considered as an independent prognostic factor via univariate and multivariate analysis. Besides, CIBERSORT and correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression level of risk scores was significantly correlated to infiltration levels of immune cells in SKCM. Above all, our study developed a novel prognostic signature, serving as potential prognostic biomarker for SKCM patients. A closely correlation between the prognostic model and tumor immune microenvironment was confirmed, offering a novel insight for the pathogenesis and potential immunotherapy for SKCM.