bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Pain: Use of Antidepressants
Authors: Bonilla-Jaime Herlinda , Sánchez-Salcedo José Armando , Estevez-Cabrera M. Maetzi , Molina-Jiménez Tania , Cortes-Altamirano José Luis , Alfaro-Rodríguez Alfonso 
Published: June 2021

Background:Emotional disorders are common comorbid affectations that exacerbate the severity and persistence of chronic pain. Specifically, depressive symptoms can lead to an excessive duration and intensity of pain. Clinical and preclinical studies have been focused on the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain and depression comorbidity and the use of antidepressants to reduce pain.Aim:This review provides an overview of the comorbid relationship of chronic pain and depression, the clinical and pre-clinical studies performed on the neurobiological aspects of pain and depression, and the use of antidepressants as analgesics.Method:A systematic search of literature databases was conducted according to pre-defined criteria. The authors independently conducted a focused analysis of the full-text articles.Results:Studies suggest that pain and depression are highly intertwined and may co-exacerbate physical and psychological symptoms. One important biochemical basis for pain and depression focuses on the serotonergic and norepinephrine system, which have been shown to play an important role in this comorbidity. Brain structures that codify pain are also involved in mood. It is evident that using serotonergic and norepinephrine antidepressants are strategies commonly employed to mitigate painConclusion:Literature indicates that pain and depression impact each other and play a prominent role in the development and maintenance of other chronic symptoms. Antidepressants continue to be a major therapeutic tool for managing chronic pain. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are more effective in reducing pain than Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin- Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
Pathways Involved in Remyelination after Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Garcia-Martin Gonzalo , Alcover-Sanchez Berta , Wandosell Francisco , Cubelos Beatriz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Brain ischemia, also known as ischemic stroke, occurs when there is a lack of blood
supply into the brain. When an ischemic insult appears, both neurons and glial cells can react in
several ways that will determine the severity and prognosis. This high heterogeneity of responses
has been a major obstacle in developing effective treatments or preventive methods for stroke. Although
white matter pathophysiology has not been deeply assessed in stroke, its remodelling can
greatly influence the clinical outcome and the disability degree. Oligodendrocytes, the unique cell
type implied in CNS myelination, are sensible to ischemic damage. Loss of myelin sheaths can
compromise axon survival, so new Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells are required to restore brain
function. Stroke can, therefore, enhance oligodendrogenesis to regenerate those new oligodendrocytes
that will ensheath the damaged axons. Given that myelination is a highly complex process that
requires coordination of multiple pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog, RTKs or Wnt/β-catenin, we
will analyse new research highlighting their importance after brain ischemia. In addition, oligodendrocytes
are not isolated cells inside the brain, but rather form part of a dynamic environment of
interactions between neurons and glial cells. For this reason, we will put some context into how
microglia and astrocytes react against stroke and influence oligodendrogenesis to highlight the relevance
of remyelination in the ischemic brain. This will help to guide future studies to develop
treatments focused on potentiating the ability of the brain to repair the damage.
Learning Design for Sustainable Development
Authors: Crick Ruth , McDermott Tom , Hutchison Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to theorise an approach to learning design for formal education and training contexts, which can empower the student-led acquisition of competences for sustainable development with particular reference to engineering education. Design: the paper presents a conceptual framework which synthesises two extant bodies of empirical research (i) into the development of systems engineering proficiencies and (ii) the development of learning power and authentic enquiry. Findings: Bringing these two research-based bodies of knowledge together enables the conceptualisation of a practical learning design which integrates the development of self-leadership, learning relationships and complex problem solving for sustainable futures. These two approaches, and their synthesis, have been implemented in practice but not reported on or theorised before.Originality: This transdisciplinary theoretical study was undertaken by the original researchers to integrate and transcend the limitations of disciplinary and siloed approaches to learning design for 21C meta-competencies and to explore a common architecture capable of deployment over time and adaptable to different contexts. Research limitations/implications: Whilst the two strands of research underpinning this synthesis are well researched, the integrated model has yet to be empirically verified through appropriate scientific methodologies.Practical implications: this study provides a foundation for the development of a core curricular spine to be developed as an accreditation framework in formal education and work-based settings. The development of a rigorous measurement model has significant implications for policy and practice.
The experience of a medical psychologist in a center for treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Shindrikov R. Yu. , Khilov V. E. , Isaeva E. R. , Teplov V. M. , Karpova E. A. , Tsebrovskaya E. A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To assess the cognitive and emotional-affective spheres of functioning of patients with a new coronavirus infection who were treated in an infectious COVID hospital and to develop strategies for emergency psychological assistance.Materials and methods. The study sample consisted of patients admitted to the Center for the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) of I.P.Pavlov First St.-Petersburg State Medical University, who were assigned a consultation with a medical psychologist.Results. The predictors of more pronounced cognitive decline were determined: older age and severity of the disease, as well as predictors of a higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms: younger age, previous traumatic situation and more severe course of the disease. Three main problem areas have been identified that require psychological intervention in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: cognitive impairment, high anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with psychological trauma of patients, conflicting or non-adherent patients.
Modeling of forecasting the development of the HIV epidemic process in a region with a high level of HIV infection as a determinant of the direction of anti-epidemic measure
Authors: Kondratova S. Ye. , Marchenko A. N. , Melnikova E. N. 
Published: June 2021

Aim. Identification of opportunities to influence the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection.Materials and methods. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis methods were used to assess the epidemiological situation forecast. In addition, the work uses methods of epidemiological research: analytical, descriptive and evaluative, statistical observation method with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, a continuous observational retrospective epidemiological study in the volume of the General population over a long period.Results. A retrospective analysis of the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in a region with a high level of HIV infection over a 26-year period since the first case was registered in 1993 showed that a concentrated stage of the epidemic has formed in the region at the present stage with an average annual rate of HIV growth of +259,9% against the national rate of +31,4%. By the end of 2018 a characteristic trend in the age structure of HIV is to reduce the proportion of persons aged up to 24 years, the prevalence of persons 35–44 years of age, a notable increase of the age group 55–64 years with a predominance of women infected by heterosexual sex (55,8 per cent). Predicting the epidemiological situation in relation to the age structure of HIV-infected people until 2023 showed a steady trend towards an increase in the HIV-positive age group up to 14 years, 40– 49 years, 50 years and older. There is a fairly high rate of HIV transmission among women.Conclusions. At the present stage of development of the epidemic process of HIV infection, the main share of HIV-infected people is 35–44 years old (72,4%). The results obtained during the study of predicting the development of the epidemic situation with regard to HIV infection until 2023 allow us to focus the anti-epidemic work of epidemiologically significant age groups.
Characteristics of B-lymphocyte subpopulations in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Zybleva S. V. , Zyblev S. L. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The presence of multiple subsets of B-cells with specific regulatory functions capable of modulating inflammatory responses havebeen detected. Most of the studies of Bregs function were carried out in the context of autoimmune and infectious diseases, whereas the objective of this research was to study the characteristics of the main, activated and tolerogenic subpopulations of B lymphocytes in patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Objective. To study the indices of B-lymphocyte subpopulations and determine their role in the development of immunological tolerance after kidney transplantation.Material and methods. We have examined 197 recipients who underwent kidney transplantation. We determined B lymphocyte subpopulation levels (CD19+IgD+CD27+ and CD19+IgD-CD27+) before transplantation, on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 30th days after the transplantation. Allograft function was assessed on day 7 with the division of patients into two groups: with primary graft function and graft dysfunction.Results and discussion. Significant differences were revealed between the groups of recipients over three months in the following cell subpopulation levels CD19+IgD+CD27+ and CD19+IgD-CD27+. During the first 7 days, lower levels of these subpopulations were associated with satisfactory allograft function. However, by the 90th day after surgery, an increase in CD19+IgD+CD27+ B lymphocytes was noted in the group of patients with graft dysfunction.Conclusions. Low levels of not-switched (CD19+IgD+CD27+) and switched (CD19+IgD-CD27+) memory В lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of kidney transplant recipients are associated with a favorable postoperative course. We have found that on the 3rd post-transplant day, the relative level of non-switched memory B lymphocytes (CD19+IgD+CD27+) exceeding or equal to 11.47%, and the level of switched memory B lymphocytes (CD19+IgD-CD27+) exceeding or equal to 20.74% might predict the development of early renal graft dysfunction with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.40% and 84.30% for the former parameter and of 88.70% and 82.40% for the latter one, respectively.
Prevalence of hyperandrogenism in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Alsaadi Yasmin L. , Mohamad Ban Jasim 
Published: June 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mainly common endocrine disorder. Hyperandrogenism is the major standard in the diagnosisof PCOS development.Eighty women diagnosed with PCOS and twenty healthy women(aged 20-40 years)were enrolled in this study which was conducted at the infertility clinic of Kamal AL-Samaraay Hospital/ Baghdad. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to the Rotterdam criteria. Body mass index (BMI, Kg/m2)was calculated by a specific formula. History of menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, acne, and alopecia was taken. Hormone levels in serum, namely luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were measured in all patients and control subjects.There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in the BMI between the PCOS and control women.Also, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was much higher in PCOS women than in their matching control. The serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone were significantly different (P <0.05) in PCOS as compared to healthy women. Clinical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism and alopecia) were present in most of PCOS women, while acne wasa less useful clinical sign of hyperandrogenism.Inaddition, the prevalence of hirsutism and alopecia was increased in obese when compared with overweight and lean PCOS women.
Pengembangan Model Manajemen Untuk Optimasi Pendapatan Penjualan pada Penerbangan Multi-Leg dengan Mempertimbangkan Jarak Tempuh dan Biaya Operasional
Authors: Subroto Budiarto , Pardede Nelson 
Published: June 2021

This study is aimed at applying yield management to optimize the airlines selling income by determining or allocating the number of passengers in multi-leg flight in which each leg has two fares classes. Basically, yield management is one of allocating and controlling passenger’s seats methods to optimize the airlines income. Normally, the existing yield management model will only consider the fare, demands and capacity variables. Other variables such as operational and distance will not be covered. When those variables are covered, they are considered as constant variables that will not affect the income optimization. The development of yield management model in this study is applying the linear program model approach, in order to obtain an optimum solution in the multi-leg flight. The approach will produce a decision variable; i.e. the number of passengers that will be allocated in each leg for business and economy fares; and objective function; i.e. maximum income and multi-leg flight route being served. The result of the study is a smaller solution, both for the decision variable and objective function. However, the solution is more valid because it considers more aspects, which are ideally more suitable to the actual condition of the flight operational.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengaplikasikan model yield management untuk mengoptimasikan pendapatan penjualan perusahaan penerbangan dengan cara pengalokasian jumlah penumpang pada penerbangan multileg dimana masing-masing leg mempunyai dua jenis kelas tarif. Pada dasarnya, yield management adalah metode pengalokasian dan pengendalian kursi penumpang untuk mengoptimasikan pendapatan perusahaan penerbangan.. Pengembangan model yield management dalam studi ini menggunakan pendekatan model programa linier, untuk mendapatkan solusi optimum dalam penerbangan multileg. Pendekatan ini akan menghasilkan suatu variabel keputusan yaitu jumlah penumpang yang akan dialokasikan pada setiap leg untuk harga tiket bisnis dan ekonomi; dan fungsi tujuannya adalah memaksimumkan pendapatan dan rute penerbangan multileg yang dilayani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa solusi yang lebih kecil, baik untuk variabel keputusan maupun untuk fungsi tujuan. Meskipun demikian, solusi ini lebih valid karena mempertimbangkan banyak aspek, dimana idealnya lebih sesuai dengan kondisi aktual dari operasi penerbangan.
Ciência de fatos ou método enganoso?
Authors: Queiroz Vanessa de Jesus 
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo analisaremos sentidos atribuídos Ã homeopatia em dois periódicos da segunda metade do século XIX- os Annaes Brasilienses de Medicina (ABM) e O Medico do Povo (OMP). Partimos da hipótese de que o referido campo do conhecimento é lugar que evidencia a existência de conflitos internos contidos nas categorias históricas classe médica e ciência médica, que abarcavam sujeitos e pensamentos não homogêneos. Ademais, apresentamos os jornais como lugares propositalmente escolhidos como frentes da batalha por legitimidade perante as demais camadas da sociedade.

Palavras-Chave: Homeopatia, Alopatia, Jornais Médicos.
Glauber Rocha e a autonomia relativa do campo artístico
Authors: Mendonça Rosiel do Nascimento , Braga Sérgio Ivan Gil 
Published: June 2021

O artigo discute a ambiguidade como elemento constituinte do campo artístico, seja em suas relações com o poder ou com o mercado. Para isso, usamos como ponto de partida a realização do documentário “Amazonas, Amazonas”, dirigido pelo cineasta Glauber Rocha (1939-1981) sob encomenda do governo do Amazonas, em meados dos anos 1960. Com base em fontes documentais da época e em articulação com ideias de Karl Mannheim e Pierre Bourdieu, analisamos as tensões que emergem em torno do referido filme, ainda pouco conhecido frente Ã celebrada filmografia de um dos expoentes do movimento do Cinema Novo.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES
Authors: Mayo John 
Published: June 2021

Purpose ”“ The purpose of this paper is describe the salience of economic theories and evidence regarding vertical integration in the multichannel audiovisual industry in Brazil. This is especially important at this time because Brazilian regulators and legislators are wrestling with the appropriate policy approach toward the industry in Brazil in the wake of the merger of AT&T and Time Warner.
Methodology/approach/design ”“ The paper develops with several approaches. First, to develop context, the paper provides a high-level introduction to the evolution of the audiovisual industry. Second, the paper turns to a more specific assessment of the economic and legal lessons learned from the discussion and debate regarding the AT&T-Time Warner merger in the United States. This discussion draws on economic and legal theory and evidence, both from the published literature as well as from court proceedings to advance understanding of the issues. These foundational sections, in turn, provide a platform for policy insights. In particular, the paper builds upon earlier research on “results-based regulation” to provide guidance for Brazilian regulatory and legislative measures being considered in Brazil.
Findings ”“ The paper concludes that a results-based approach should permit advances in the vertical integration of the audiovisual industry in Brazil. Such an approach necessarily would recognize that the modern evolution toward a more vertically integrated provisioning of audiovisual services is providing numerous consumer benefits while claims of consumer harm have been judged to be speculative. Application of Article 5 of SeAC to the AT&T-TW merger provides no additional consumer protections that are not already part of the merger and would, instead be distinctly anti-consumer.
FUNDAMENTOS PARA O DESENHO DE MECANISMO DE FOMENTO À LIQUIDEZ DO MERCADO SECUNDÁRIO DE ESPECTRO NO BRASIL
Authors: Charlita de Freitas Luciano , Sousa Prado Tiago , L. de Souza Filho Agostinho , Euler de Moraes Leonardo , N. de Moura Filho Ronaldo , Stanzani Juliano , Cavazzoni Lima Rafael , Alarcón López Luis Guilermo , Baigorri Carlos Manuel 
Published: June 2021

Propósito ”“ O mercado secundário de espectro é uma inovação regulatória no Brasil inaugurada pela Lei nº 13.879/2019. Uma vez em funcionamento, pode proporcionar ganhos de eficiência alocativa e produtiva e o aumento da competição na prestação de serviços de telecomunicações, com destaque para as regiões de menor atratividade econômica. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os fundamentos de mecanismos de fomento Ã liquidez no mercado secundário de espectro no Brasil.
Metodologia/abordagem/design ”“ Para tanto é apresentado o desenho de três mecanismos gerais. O primeiro, do tipo laissez-faire, se refere a um arranjo de mercado sem intervenção do regulador. Em seguida, é discutido um mecanismo de corretagem, com amplo uso no mercado de atacado de telecomunicações brasileiro, e estabelecido sobre instrumentos de transparência e preços orientados a custos. Por fim, são feitas ponderações sobre uma solução de Acesso Compartilhado Autorizado (ACA) com incentivos.
Resultados ”“ Os resultados destacam as características e limitações de cada mecanismo. O mecanismo baseado em cessão de autorização de uso de radiofrequências com incentivos demonstra vantagem relativa sobre os demais modelos.
The Legal Status of the National Data Protection Authority in light of the Regulatory State Theory
Authors: Antunes Lima da Fonseca Carvalho João Pedro 
Published: June 2021

Purpose ”“ The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adequacy of the legal nature of the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD), proposed by Law no. 13.853/19, to the reality of Brazilian Law, starting from the theoretical bases developed by the Regulatory State Theory regarding the valorization of the technical decision immune to political influences.
Methodology ”“ This study adopts the doctrine revision of the Regulatory State Theory, aiming to point the theoretical bases on the autonomy of the regulatory entities, in order to make the comparison of adequacy between the legal nature of the ANPD placed in Law no. 13.709/18 and the material concept of administrative decentralization.
Findings ”“ The study demonstrates that the Brazilian legal-political tradition will make it difficult for the National Data Protection Supervisor to act in view of its legal nature as a public body that is part of the structure of the Presidency of the Republic, which greatly relativizes its autonomy.
Practical Implications ”“ The probable revision of the legal nature of the ANPD, as provided for in art. 55-A, §1, of Law no. 13.709/18, and the effectiveness of the performance of this National Authority.
Originality ”“ A very current issue in the Brazilian legal environment is the suitability of the companies that will be affected by the entry into force of the General Data Protection Act (Law no. 13.709/18) in August 2020, due to the comprehensive potential of this law. This paper studies the legal nature of the National Data Protection Authority, a regulatory body that will have a relevant regulatory role in the data economy society, highlighting the relevance of the study to the sector.
LEADING ATOPIC PATHOLOGIES IN CHILDREN ON THE TERRITORY OF MYKOLAIV REGION
Authors: Horishnyi I. M. , Chernyshov O. V. 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to allergic diseases among children of the Nikolaev area, first of all bronchial asthma of an atopic form. The dynamics of the prevalence of allergic diseases is analyzed, the most rational methods of diagnosis and treatment of allergopathology are determined. Data on hospitalization in the allergy department, the structure of diagnoses that are most often clinically established in children with allergy pathology are presented. The materials will be of interest to allergists, pulmonologists, immunologists, family doctors and pediatricians.Key words: allergy, bronchial asthma, allergic diseases, atopy, allergology, pediatrics.
COMPUTER SUPPORT OF LABORATORY WORKSHOP ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS
Authors: Korets A. , Didyk А. 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to justification of computer support of laboratory workshop on electrical engineering and electronics. The basic types, functions and modes of use of computer support in the course of the laboratory workshop are presented. It is emphasized the need to make the correct correction, to develop individual approaches and programs, to take into account psychological and pedagogical indicators and criteria for the effectiveness of computer learning. It is noted that using computers allows you to find the best ways to solve problems while improving the learning process. Key words: computer support, presentation, performance, multimedia, information.