bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostic Value of Exosome-Derived Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xing Wenmin , Gao Wenyan , Lv Xiaoling , Xu Xiaogang , Zhang Zhongshan , Yan Jing , Mao Genxiang , Bu Zhibin 
Published: March 2021

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses once depended on neuropathologic examination. Now, many widely used, validated biomarkers benefits for monitoring of AD neuropathologic changes. Exosome-derived biomarker studies have reported them to be significantly related to AD's early occurrence and development, although the findings are inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify exosome-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods: PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched for studies assessing the diagnostic value of biomarkers, including data describing the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR+), negative diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR–), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC). The quality of the included studies was assessed using RevMan 5.3 software. Publication bias was analyzed.Results: In total, 19 eligible studies, including 3,742 patients, were selected for this meta-analysis. The SEN, SPE, DLR+, DLR–, DOR, and AUC (95% confidence intervals) of exosome-derived biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD or MCI were 0.83 (0.76–0.87), 0.82 (0.77–0.86), 4.53 (3.46–5.93), 0.21 (0.15–0.29), 17.27 (11.41–26.14), and 0.89 (0.86–0.92), respectively. Sub-group analyses revealed that studies based on serum or microRNA (miRNA) analysis, and those of Caucasian populations, AD patients, patient sample size &gt;50, neuron-derived exosomes (NDE) from plasma and p-tau had higher sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values.Conclusion: Exosome-derived biomarkers have shown potential diagnostic value in AD and MCI, although further research is required for confirmation.
Clinical Application of Shear Wave Elastography for Assisting Brain Tumor Resection
Authors: Chan Huan Wee , Uff Christopher , Chakraborty Aabir , Dorward Neil , Bamber Jeffrey Colin 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe clinical outcomes for brain tumor resection have been shown to be significantly improved with increased extent of resection. To achieve this, neurosurgeons employ different intra-operative tools to improve the extent of resection of brain tumors, including ultrasound, CT, and MRI. Young’s modulus (YM) of brain tumors have been shown to be different from normal brain but the accuracy of SWE in assisting brain tumor resection has not been reported.AimsTo determine the accuracy of SWE in detecting brain tumor residual using post-operative MRI scan as “gold standard”.MethodsThirty-four patients (aged 1–62 years, M:F = 15:20) with brain tumors were recruited into the study. The intraoperative SWE scans were performed using Aixplorer®(SuperSonic Imagine, France) using a sector transducer (SE12-3) and a linear transducer (SL15-4) with a bandwidth of 3 to 12 MHz and 4 to 15 MHz, respectively, using the SWE mode. The scans were performed prior, during and after brain tumor resection. The presence of residual tumor was determined by the surgeon, ultrasound (US) B-mode and SWE. This was compared with the presence of residual tumor on post-operative MRI scan.ResultsThe YM of the brain tumors correlated significantly with surgeons’ findings (ρ= 0.845, p &lt; 0.001). The sensitivities of residual tumor detection by the surgeon, US B-mode and SWE were 36%, 73%, and 94%, respectively, while their specificities were 100%, 63%, and 77%, respectively. There was no significant difference between detection of residual tumor by SWE, US B-mode, and MRI. SWE and MRI were significantly better than the surgeon’s detection of residual tumor (p = 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsSWE had a higher sensitivity in detecting residual tumor than the surgeons (94% vs. 36%). However, the surgeons had a higher specificity than SWE (100% vs. 77%). Therefore, using SWE in combination with surgeon’s opinion may optimize the detection of residual tumor, and hence improve the extent of brain tumor resection.
Identifying Plant Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins Using a Variable Selection Method
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Wang Hanxu , Li Hangyu , Wu Yiming , Wang Guohua 
Published: March 2021

Motivation: Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR), which is a triangular pentapeptide repeat domain, plays an important role in plant growth. Features extracted from sequences are applicable to PPR protein identification using certain classification methods. However, which components of a multidimensional feature (namely variables) are more effective for protein discrimination has never been discussed. Therefore, we seek to select variables from a multidimensional feature for identifying PPR proteins.Method: A framework of variable selection for identifying PPR proteins is proposed. Samples representing PPR positive proteins and negative ones are equally split into a training and a testing set. Variable importance is regarded as scores derived from an iteration of resampling, training, and scoring step on the training set. A model selection method based on Gaussian mixture model is applied to automatic choice of variables which are effective to identify PPR proteins. Measurements are used on the testing set to show the effectiveness of the selected variables.Results: Certain variables other than the multidimensional feature they belong to do work for discrimination between PPR positive proteins and those negative ones. In addition, the content of methionine may play an important role in predicting PPR proteins.
A Marxist Reading of William Blake’s Selected Poetry: Machineries in Green Studies
Authors: Abdulla-Al-Mamun Md. 
Published: March 2021

Being a dweller of Romantic ecology, William Blake familiarizes his readers with the slant of pastoral landscapes through the ecological sensibilities within the promiscuous city. In his poetry, he has speculated the adventurous plantation of slums in the metropolitan city in the light of machineries and matters that pack human in the box of ambitious dreams as the monstrous dreams of the metropolitan historicity root up the pastoral landscapes of Britain. Whereas critics engage themselves to explore the relation to the outcome of numerous English cultural dominations within his poetry, this study revisits the selected ‘ecopoetics’ through the lens of Marxism to explore the threats towards the green world, especially, within the city shore on Thames. Blake as a ‘green prophet’ enunciates the rural life that is pulverized by the mobility of the mechanistic forces of city life. These mechanistic forces are manipulated by the power of government, industrial revolution, commerce, and neo-colonialism in every day’s behavior in order to ensure the submissiveness of the working class in 18th century England. Thus, the paper aims to discuss the Marxist narratives of Blake’s ‘ecosophy’ that warns us against the severe repercussion of machines and its tyrannical reverberations over the marginalized in his selected poetry.
Quasi-ballistic transport model for nanoscale MOSFETs: learnings from a diffusive conductor
Authors: Lee Ji Ung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fundamental understanding of transport in ballistic transistors is an important area of research since modern transistors have channel lengths that approach the mean scattering length of carriers. Here, we provide a systematic approach to developing a quasi-ballistic transport model of highly scaled transistors, with only a few fitting parameters. These parameters are physical and follow naturally from the underlying physics of transport in ballistic conductors. Beginning with the band diagram of a diffusive conductor, we show how the number of fitting parameters evolves for describing a quasi-ballistic transistor. To support our model, we benchmark it against a wide range of nanoscale transistors.
Impact of spacing of ultrasound receiving beams on estimation of 2D motion velocity
Authors: Mozumi Michiya , Omura Masaaki , Nagaoka Ryo , Cinthio Magnus , Hasegawa Hideyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For more detailed measurement of cardiovascular motion and complex blood flow, a two-dimensional (2D) velocity estimation method is required in functional ultrasound imaging. The block matching method based on the correlation function is one of the standard 2D motion estimators. In this study, we investigated the effect of lateral sampling intervals of an ultrasonic B-mode image on the accuracy in velocity estimation. In simulation, bias error (BE) in estimated velocities became −13% with an ultrasonic center frequency of 7.5 MHz and spacings of receiving beams of 0.2 mm. Such a BE was improved from −13% to −1.4% by changing the spacings from 0.2 to 0.1 mm. In the in vivo experiment, the maximum velocity obtained with spacings of 0.2 mm was underestimated by −16% as compared to those obtained with 0.1 mm. Hence, the trend was similar to that in the simulation.
RF reflectometry for readout of charge transition in a physically defined p-channel MOS silicon quantum dot
Authors: Bugu Sinan , Nishiyama Shimpei , Kato Kimihiko , Liu Yongxun , Mori Takahiro , Kodera Tetsuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have embedded a physically defined p-channel MOS silicon quantum dot (QD) device into an impedance transformer RC circuit. To decrease the parasitic capacitance of the device which emerges in MOS devices that have a top gate, we fabricate a new device to reduce the device’s top gate area from 400 to 0.09 μm2. Having a smaller top gate eliminates parasitic capacitance problem preventing the RF signal from reaching QD. We show that we have fabricated a single QD properly, which is essential for RF single-electron transistor technique. We also analyze and improve the impedance matching condition and show that it is possible to perform readout of charge transition at 4.2 K by RF reflectometry. This will enable fast readout of charge and spin states.
Una “glosa” de Eugenio d´Ors sobre Antonio Machado publicada tres semanas después de la muerte del escritor republicano
Authors: Alonso Montero Xesús 
Published: March 2021

D´'Ors es, sin duda, la pluma más valiosa de la intelectualidad franquista, de lo que él era muy consciente. Urgía, por tanto, cuanto antes, sentar cátedra sobre un escritor español que había militado, en el trienio bélico, en la causa de la Antiespaña. Era tan grande don Antonio Machado que las mentes perspicaces del bando franquista tenían que demostrar que el autor de Campos de Castilla, en lo esencial, no fue un defensor y admirador del Frente Popular, de la España “roja”. En este artículo D´Ors arriesga una interpretación: fueron los “rojos”, con su brutal presión, quienes “arrancaron” a Antonio Machado “la palabra impía”. Don Antonio, pues, va a ser, en el período bélico, una especie de secuestrado, topos que se inicia en estas fechas y que llega a su máxima formulación en el famoso prólogo de Dionisio Ridruejo. Un escritor de la excelencia y relevancia de don Antonio Machado –opinaban los espíritus menos beocios del gremio franquista– es, en el fondo, más nuestro que de ellos. No aceptaban la admonición cervantina “ex illis est”.
Ofrecemos ya, en su integridad, el artículo de Eugenio d´Ors cuyo título va precedido del término “Glosas”, sección que el autor mantuvo en distintos periódicos, durante años y años, recogida en volúmenes que tituló, primero, Glosario, y luego, Nuevo glosario. Lo reproducimos sin omitir ninguno de los paratextos de El Ideal Gallego coruñés.
Chemistry, Cyclophosphamide, Cancer Chemotherapy, and Serendipity: Sixty Years On
Authors: Zon Gerald 
Published: March 2021

Cambridge Dictionary: serendipity | noun | the phenomenon of finding interesting or valuable things by chance.
The year 2019 marked the 60th anniversary of the approval of cyclophosphamide (CP) as an anticancer by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration in 1959 for the treatment of lymphoma. Between 1959 and 2019 there were ~50,000 publications listed in PubMed that have CP in the title and/or abstract, with these annual numbers showing a continual increase, and over 1,800 such articles in 2019 alone. The discovery of CP is a prime example of serendipity in science, which also applies to key elements of the metabolism and pharmacological basis for the specificity of the cytotoxicity of CP toward cancer cells. Phosphoramide mustard (PM), HO(H2N)P(O)N(CH2CH2Cl)2, the principal metabolite of CP with DNA alkylating activity, was synthesized and reported by Friedman and Seligman in 1954 prior to the discovery of CP. Interestingly, the original drug design premise for synthesizing PM, which was based on elevated phosphamidase enzyme activity in cancer cells proved to be incorrect. While this wrong premise also led to the synthesis of CP, as a six-membered ring cyclic phosphamidase-activated precursor of PM, the actual metabolic conversion of CP to PM was subsequently found to involve a surprisingly complex array of metabolites and metabolic pathways, all completely unrelated to phosphamidase. Although the molecular structure of CP has an asymmetrically substituted, i.e. chiral phosphorus center, the racemic mixture of the Rp and Sp enantiomers of CP was used throughout its initial investigations and subsequent clinical trials despite the involvement of an initial enzyme-mediated metabolic activation step, which could, in principle, be stereoselective for only one of the enantiomers of CP. Stereochemical investigations along those lines were eventually carried out, but the results did not warrant replacement of racemic CP with either enantiomer in the clinic. Amazingly, there are now ~4,000 structural congeners of PM listed Chemical Abstracts, but none have led to an anticancer drug superior to CP. This account provides a synopsis of the key chemistry and stereochemistry investigations that comprise this story of CP, as a remarkable instance of serendipity in science, and my chance involvement in the unfolding of this fascinating story.
Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Manajemen Laba dan Dampaknya Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Yusnita Rita Tri 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of simultaneous and partial ownership structure and earnings management on firm value in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. The method used in this study is the census method. The population studied was 32 companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. The data collected were secondary data. Analysis of the data in this study used path analysis using SPSS V. 24. The results showed that the ownership structure and earnings management, simultaneously, had a significant effect on the value of the company in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. The ownership structure, partially, has no significant effect on the value of the company in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. Earnings management, partially, has a significant effect on the firm value of the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies that are listed on the Exchange Indonesian Securities in 2014, and ownership structure does not significantly influence earnings management in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. Keywords: ownership structure, earnings management, company value
Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Perekonomian Dunia
Authors: Arianto Bambang 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan mengelaborasi dampak pandemi virus Corona 19 (Covid-19) terhadap perekonomian dunia. Dikarenakan pandemi Covid 19 telah mempengaruhi stabilitas perekonomian dunia menjadi stagnan dan negatif. International Moneter Fund menyatakan bahwa pandemi Covid 19 telah menyebabkan terjadinya resesi dunia yang ditandai dengan peningkatan angka pengangguran dan kemiskinan setiap negara di dunia. Sedangkan pemulihan ekonomi dengan memperkuat stimulus ekonomi melalui strategi lokal menjadi salah satu alternatif mengembalikan pelembagaan ekonomi di setiap negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan dengan merujuk berbagai literatur sebagai data pendukung. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa dampak pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan banyak dampak negatif bagi perekonomian dunia yang menyebabkan terjadinya resesi ekonomi dunia. Artikel ini juga berpendapat bahwa setiap negara wajib memperkuat stimulus ekonomi untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi bangsa. Kata Kunci : Ekonomi dunia, Stimulus Ekonomi, Covid-19. ABSTRACT This article aims to elaborate on the impact of the Corona 19 (Covid-19) virus pandemic on the world economy. Because the Covid 19 pandemic has affected the stability of the world economy to become stagnant and negative. The International Monetary Fund stated that the Covid 19 pandemic had caused a world recession marked by an increase in unemployment and poverty in every country in the world. Meanwhile, economic recovery by strengthening economic stimuli through local strategies is an alternative to restore economic institutionalization in each country. This study uses a literature study approach by referring to various literatures as supporting data. This article argues that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has had many negative impacts on the world economy which led to a world economic recession. This article also argues that every country is obliged to strengthen economic stimulus to maintain the stability of the nation's economy.Keywords : World economy, Economic Stimulus, Covid-19.
Cuidado dentro de casa: reflexões sobre visitas domiciliares na Estratégia Saúde da Famí­lia
Authors: Borges de Assis Lana Muriely , De Lima Pinheiro Marina , Medeiros de Morais Melissa Maria , Mota Araripe Pereira Fernandes Denise , Costa de Melo Vilma Felipe , Falcão Motta Mariana 
Published: March 2021

A Visita Domiciliar (VD) é uma prática do leque de cuidados ofertados pela Atenção Primária í Saúde que visa prestar assistência na moradia das pessoas. Objetivo: Dialogar sobre a relevância da VD, abordando a imersão em laços criados com as pessoas no seio de suas casas. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado por residentes de Medicina de Famí­lia e Comunidade (MFC) de uma equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Famí­lia, na cidade de João Pessoa (PB). Resultados: Através das VD, pôde-se entender a dinâmica das famí­lias, permitindo realizar o cuidado de maneira equânime e integral, principalmente diante da pandemia pelo COVID-19. Conclusão: A pluralização das relações e do entendimento do adoecer foram estí­mulo í aprendizagem dos princí­pios e atributos da MFC, tornando-se ferramenta potente para os profissionais ressignificarem o cuidar.
DimeRede: desenvolvimento de uma proposta de metodologia para o planejamento e dimensionamento da força de trabalho em saúde
Authors: Dos Santos Carvalho Desirée , Pereira Lelo Nascimento Elisabet 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para o planejamento e dimensionamento da força de trabalho multiprofissional em saúde, integrando os três ní­veis da Rede de Atenção í Saúde (RAS) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); Método: relato de experiência da construção dessa proposta metodológica, realizada entre abril de 2019 e março de 2020, fundamentada nas diretrizes do SUS, na literatura e nas vivências nos projetos do Ministério da Saúde; Resultado: apresentação de uma metodologia, denominada DimeRede que, dirigida ao arranjo organizativo das RAS, estima a força de trabalho necessária de acordo com as necessidades locorregionais, considerando o perfil epidemiológico e os determinantes sociais de saúde e adoecimento identificados em cada estratificação territorial; Conclusão: a DimeRede constitui um avanço importante, mostrando-se potente para instrumentalizar polí­ticas de gestão do trabalho. Contudo, sem encerrar os desafios de garantir equipes adequadas para o cuidado multiprofissional conforme as necessidades de saúde da população.
Qualidade de vida e bem-estar subjetivo de idosos no programa de academia de saúde
Authors: Basso Bolpato Marieli , Bení­cio da Costa Neto Sebastião , Félix Sousa Ivone 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e as condições de qualidade de vida e bem-estar subjetivo de idosos participantes de academias de saúde investigando as correlações significativas entre esses dados. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal desenvolvido no municí­pio de Sinop, Mato Grosso, com 82 idosos, no mês de janeiro de 2019, sendo utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-bref, e as escalas: Satisfação com a vida, Bem-Estar de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e Felicidade Subjetiva. Resultados: Quanto melhor a QV no domí­nio fí­sico, melhor a QV nos domí­nios psicológico, relações sociais, meio ambiente, percepção da QV geral, satisfação com a saúde e ao BES relacionado í satisfação com a vida, aos afetos positivos e í felicidade, ainda que não se possa afirmar uma causalidade nessas relações. Conclusão: A Academia de Saúde é de suma importância na contribuição de um envelhecimento saudável da população tornando-se uma estratégica para ações de prevenção e promoção de polí­ticas públicas voltadas a população idosa.
EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS DAN THINK PAIR AND SHARE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Apriliani Intan 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang memperoleh perlakuan model pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Divisions, model pembelajaran Think Pair and Share , dan model pembelajaran Langsung, serta untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran manakah yang lebih baik dari ketiga model pembelajaran tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian The nonequivalent posttest only control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 8 Kota Sukabumi tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dokumentasi dan wawancara, instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi dan metode tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran STAD lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran TPS; 2) Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran STAD lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran langsung.
Semantic Analysis of Language Acquisition in Three Years Old Child
Authors: Rezeki Tri Indah , Sagala Rakhmat Wahyudin 
Published: March 2021

Three years old children acquire language after their first language and it is influenced by two factors, namely physiological factors and psychological factors. Physiological factors include speech-producing organs such as mouth and brain function. Meanwhile, psychological factors include development cognitive of a child in the process of mastering his or her first language. This study was conducted to analyze the semantic analysis of language acquisition in 3 years old child. Specifically, it discussed about the errors of phonemes which were spoken by three years old child so that it can influence the meaning of the words semantically. The results obtained indicated that language acquisition of child aged 3 years old was still in the process of development language that will become perfect as them get older. There are 14 words that were not appropriate semantically. Those words were often spoken by the child. The relation between semantics and language acquisition of 3 years old child were assessed still in the development stage according to her age. Keywords: Language Acquisition; linguistics, Semantics; language development of three years old child