bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of regular breakfast habits on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Li Zhi-hui , Xu Lei , Dai Rao , Li Li-jie , Wang Hao-jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Breakfast, which is considered as an important meal of the day, is being ignored by an increasing number of people as the pace of modern life accelerates. Although a large number of previous studies have reported the relationship between skipping breakfast and type 2 diabetes mellitus, most of them were cross-sectional studies. It remains unclear how skipping breakfast affects such specific cardio-metabolic diseases as hypertension, strokes and hypercholesterolemia.

Methods:
The protocols and reports of this meta-analysis are based on a meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiological guidelines (MOOSE). Relevant studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, and were restricted to English from the inception to May 10, 2019. All the results were obtained by RRs, and outcomes of interests should include the occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Results:
Fourteen cohort studies in total were eventually included. Compared with people having breakfast frequency

≦3times/week

, those with a frequency

>3 times/week

have reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, cardiovascular Mortality, hypertension and strokes, with (RR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.7–0.91], P = .142, I
2 = 37.6%), (RR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.59–0.94], P < .001, I
2 = 89%), (RR = 0.86 [95% CI:0.75–0.99], P = .512, I
2 = 0%), (RR = 0.75 [95% CI:0.61–0.93], P = .643, I
2 = 0%), (RR = 0.87 [95% CI:0.81–0.93], P = .479, I
2 = 0%), (RR = 0.63 [95% CI:0.51–0.78], P = .396, I
2 = 0%), (RR = 0.92 [95% CI:0.86–0.98], P = .419, I
2 = 0.7%), and (RR = 0.89 [95% CI:0.79–0.99], P = .238, I
2 = 29%), respectively.

Conclusions:
A regular daily breakfast habit benefits the cardio-metabolism to a great extent, reducing the risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, strokes, Metabolic Syndrome, cardiovascular Mortality, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and Abdominal obesity, while it is not significantly related to hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease regardless of gender. Nevertheless, skipping breakfast once a week may greatly reduce the benefits of cardio-metabolism. Therefore, public institutions should promote and encourage citizens to cultivate regular daily breakfast habits.
Clinical Evaluation of a Combo Rapid Antigen Test QuickNavi-Flu+COVID19 Ag for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses
Authors: Takeuchi Yuto , Akashi Yusaku , Kiyasu Yoshihiko , Terada Norihiko , Kurihara Yoko , Kato Daisuke , Miyazawa Takashi , Muramatsu Shino , Shinohara Yuki , Ueda Atsuo , Notake Shigeyuki , Nakamura Koji , Suzuki Hiromichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince respiratory sample collection is an uncomfortable experience, simultaneous detection of pathogens with a single swab is preferable. We prospectively evaluated the clinical performance of a newly developed antigen test QuickNavi-Flu+COVID19 Ag (Denka Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) which can detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses at the same time with a single testing device.MethodsIncluded were those who were suspected of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and referred to a PCR center at Ibaraki prefecture in Japan, between August 2, 2021 to September 13, 2021, when the L452R mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 were prevalent. Additional nasopharyngeal samples and anterior nasal samples were obtained for the antigen test and were compared with a reference reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using nasopharyngeal samples.ResultsIn total, 1510 nasopharyngeal samples and 862 anterior nasal samples were evaluated. For SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 80.9% and 99.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity using anterior nasal samples were 67.8% and 100%, respectively. In symptomatic cases, the sensitivities increased to 88.3% with nasopharyngeal samples and 73.7% with anterior nasal samples. There were three cases of discrepant results between the antigen test and the real-time RT-PCR. All of them were positive with the antigen test but negative with the real-time RT-PCR in SARS-CoV-2 detection. During the study period, influenza viruses were not detected.ConclusionA combo kit, QuickNavi-Flu+COVID19 Ag, showed an acceptable sensitivity and sufficient specificity for SARS-CoV-2 detection, especially using nasopharyngeal sample collected from symptomatic patients.
De novo missense variants in SLC32A1 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy due to impaired GABAergic neurotransmission
Authors: Platzer Konrad , Sticht Heinrich , Bupp Caleb , Ganapathi Mythily , Pereira Elaine M. , Le Guyader Gwenaël , Bilan Frederic , Henderson Lindsay B. , Taschenberger Holger , Brose Nils , Jamra Rami Abou , Wojcik Sonja M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe describe four patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder and de novo missense variants in SLC32A1, the gene that encodes the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). The main phenotype comprises moderate to severe intellectual disability, early onset epilepsy within the first 18 months of life and a choreatic, dystonic or dyskinetic movement disorder. In silico modeling and functional analyses in cultured neurons reveal that three of these variants, which are located in helices that line the putative GABA transport pathway, result in reduced quantal size, consistent with impaired filling of synaptic vesicles with GABA. The fourth variant, located in the VGAT N-terminus, does not affect quantal size, but increases presynaptic release probability, leading to more severe synaptic depression during high frequency stimulation. Thus, variants in VGAT can impair GABAergic neurotransmission via at least two mechanisms, by affecting synaptic vesicle filling and by altering synaptic short-term plasticity. This work establishes de novo missense variants in SLC32A1 as a novel cause for a neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy.
Consequence of adjustments for demographic or clinical covariates and a recommended solution in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Sun Xiaoru , Li Hongkai , Yu Yuanyuan , Yuan Zhongshang , Jin Chuandi , Hou Lei , Liu Xinhui , Wang Qing , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association study (GWAS) is fundamentally designed to detect disease-causing genes. To reduce spurious associations or improve statistical power, about 80% of GWASs arbitrarily adjusted for demographic or clinical covariates. However, adjustment strategies in GWASs have not achieved consistent conclusions. Given the initial aim of GWAS that is to identify the causal association between a specific causal single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and disease trait, we summarized all complex relationships of the target SNP, covariate and disease trait into 15 causal diagrams according to various roles of the covariate. Following each causal diagram, we conducted a series of theoretical justifications and statistical simulations. Our results demonstrate that it is unadvisable to adjust for any demographic or clinical covariates. We illustrate our point by applying GWASs for body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer, including adjusting and non-adjusting for age and smoking status. Genetic effects and P values might vary across different strategies. Instead, adjustments for SNPs (G′) should be strongly recommended when G′ are in linkage disequilibrium with the target SNP, and correlated with disease trait conditional on the target SNP. Specifically, adjustment for such G′ can block all the confounding paths between the target SNP and disease trait, and avoid over-adjusting for colliders or intermediaries.
Institutional entrepreneurship: collaborative change in a complex Canadian organization
Authors: Opara Michael , Okafor Oliver Nnamdi , Ufodike Akolisa , Kalu Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study adopts an institutional entrepreneurship perspective in the context of public–private partnerships (P3s) to highlight the role of social actors in enacting institutional change in a complex organizational setting. By studying the actions of two prominent social actors, the authors argue that successful institutional change is the result of dynamic managerial activity supported by political clout, organizational authority and the social positioning of actors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a field-based case study in a complex institutional and organizational setting in Alberta, Canada. The authors employed an institutional entrepreneurship perspective to identify and analyze the activities of two allied actors motivated to transform the institutional environment for public infrastructure delivery.FindingsThe empirical study suggests that the implementation of institutional change is both individualistic and collaborative. Moreover, it is grounded in everyday organizational practices and activities and involves a coalition of allies invested in enacting lasting change in organizational practice(s), even when maintaining the status quo seems advantageous.Originality/valueThe authors critique the structural explanations that dominate the literature on public–private partnership implementation, which downplays the role of agency and minimizes its interplay with institutional logics in effecting institutional change. Rather, the authors demonstrate that, given the observed impact of social actors, public–private partnership adoption and implementation can be theorized as a social phenomenon.
Understanding salesperson intention to use AI feedback and its influence on business-to-business sales outcomes
Authors: Hall Kelly R. , Harrison Dana E. , Ajjan Haya , Marshall Greg W. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeArtificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing frontier. One promising area for AI is its potential to assist sales managers in providing salesperson feedback. Despite this promise, little work has been done within the business-to-business (B2B) sales domain to investigate the potential impact of AI feedback on critical sales outcomes. The purpose of this research is to explore these issues and respond to calls in the literature to determine how AI can enhance salesperson adaptability and performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from a sample of 246 B2B salespeople was used to test the conceptual model and research hypotheses. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings provide broad support for the model. An AI-feedback rich environment and salesperson feedback orientation predicted perceived accuracy of AI feedback which, in turn, strengthened intentions to use AI feedback. These favorable reactions to AI feedback positively related to adaptive selling behaviors, and adaptive selling behaviors mediated the relationships between intentions to use AI feedback and organizational commitment, as well as sales performance. Contrary to expectations, it did not mediate the relationship between intentions to use AI feedback and job satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe managerial implications of this study lie in explaining practical considerations for the implementation and use of AI feedback in the sales context.Originality/valueThis study extends literature on technology adoption, performance feedback and the use of AI in the B2B sales domain. It offers practical insight for sales managers and those responsible for implementing AI solutions in sales.
Constraints to the development of MSMEs in Assam, India: do owner-managers’ background characteristics and firm-specific characteristics matter?
Authors: Sanu Md Sahnewaz , Anjum Shabana 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to identify the major constraints to the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in a less-developed region of an emerging economy and how these constraints are affected by owner/manager's attributes and firm-specific characteristics.Design/methodology/approachTo fulfill the objectives, a structured questionnaire is used to gather data from 200 randomly selected MSMEs located in Cachar district of Assam, India. The study applies factor analysis to categorize various perceived constraints into resolute sets of problem variables or factors. Then, the summated scales are regressed on the predictors related to owner-manager's attributes and firm characteristics to validate the hypotheses.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the broad factors constraining the development of MSMEs in Cachar district are as follows: (1) financial issues, (2) infrastructure problems, (3) labor and management issues, (4) market problems and (5) input problems. Furthermore, the findings confirm that firm growth, size, age, sector, location, innovation activity, owner-manager's gender, age and level of education significantly affect the identified constraints.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the research is limited to the Cachar district of India, the findings are relevant for other similar districts of India and less-developed regions of emerging economies. However, the study needs to be replicated in other regions of India as well as in other emerging economies for cross-validation and to determine the generalizability of the results.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, no studies linking the constraints faced by MSMEs to owner/manager's attributes and firm-specific characteristics are carried out in the north-eastern region of India. The study also extends the limited researches on the influence of owner-manager's attributes and firm characteristics on the constraints to the growth of MSMEs by incorporating additional predictors.
Digital image correlation for sensing kinematic fields in manufacturing processes: a review
Authors: Zhu Pingan , Zhang Chao , Zou Jun 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the work is to provide a comprehensive review of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique for those who are interested in performing the DIC technique in the area of manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachNo methodology was used because the paper is a review article.Findingsno fundings.Originality/valueHerein, the historical development, main strengths and measurement setup of DIC are introduced. Subsequently, the basic principles of the DIC technique are outlined in detail. The analysis of measurement accuracy associated with experimental factors and correlation algorithms is discussed and some useful recommendations for reducing measurement errors are also offered. Then, the utilization of DIC in different manufacturing fields (e.g. cutting, welding, forming and additive manufacturing) is summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of DIC in intelligent manufacturing are discussed.
Risks of expressing your authentic self in sport: the influence of stigma covering on perceived job fit and hiring recommendations
Authors: MacCharles Jeffrey D. , Melton E. Nicole 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine how identity covering techniques can influence raters' perceptions of job candidates who have a socially stigmatized identity. Specifically, the authors explore how raters respond to two types of candidates: one who does not mention his gay identity during the interview process, and one who openly discusses their gay identity during the interview process. The authors also investigate whether job type (sport operations vs business operations) and the rater's views toward social equality influence perceptions of job fit and subsequent hiring recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an experiment to examine whether an applicant's level of stigma covering, type of job posting and rater's views toward social equality influenced perceptions of job fit. The authors then tested whether perceptions of job fit mediated hiring recommendations. Adults in the USA (n = 237) who were employed and had served on a hiring committees participated in the survey.FindingsWhen applying for sport operations jobs, as opposed to business operations jobs, gay male applicants are viewed more favorably if they engage in high levels of identity covering. Further, the applicant's level of stigma covering influenced raters who reported high or moderate social dominance orientation but did not impact raters with low social dominance orientation. Overall, the findings reveal that identity covering techniques do have relevance for studying the dynamics of hiring gay men who apply for jobs in the sport industry.Originality/valueThe study advances the understanding of identity management techniques by examining the nuances of how applicants can choose to disclose their stigmatized identity, and how those decision influence the hiring process.
The long‐term impacts of deer herbivory in determining temperate forest stand and canopy structural complexity
Authors: Reed Samuel P. , Royo Alejandro A. , Fotis Alexander T. , Knight Kathleen S. , Flower Charles E. , Curtis Peter S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUngulates place immense consumptive pressure on forest vegetation globally, leaving legacies of reduced biodiversity and simplified vegetative structure. However, what remains unresolved is whether browse‐induced changes occurring early in succession ultimately manifest themselves in the developed forest canopy. Understanding the development and persistence of these legacies is critical as canopy structure is an important determinant of forest ecosystem functions such as carbon sequestration and wildlife habitat.We measured how white‐tailed deerOdocoileus virginianusbrowse during stand initiation affected canopy structure, tree species richness, diversity, stem density, and basal area on Pennsylvania's Allegheny Plateau using a portable canopy LiDAR system. We capitalized on an historic deer enclosure experiment where forests were subjected to four deer densities (4, 8, 15, and 25 deer/km2) for 10 years following stand initiation.Deer browsing impacts on the forest canopy are apparent nearly four decades since stand initiation. The highest deer density treatment experienced a significant reduction in tree species diversity, density, and basal area with stands becoming dominated by black cherryPrunus serotina. Reductions in overstorey diversity and tree density resulted in a more open canopy with low leaf area and high horizontal leaf variability. Canopies were tallest at the lowest and highest deer densities.Synthesis and applications. Using a portable canopy LiDAR system and a former deer enclosure experiment, we show that high deer browsing pressure during stand initiation can have a decades‐long impact on stand and canopy structure. High deer densities led to stands with lower species diversity and tree density, which resulted in canopies that were taller and less dense. As remote sensing of the canopy becomes more prevalent, considering the legacy of ungulate herbivory on canopy structure may inform both land management and our understanding of ecological function, such as forest carbon sequestration, maintenance of diverse understory communities, and creation of wildlife habitat
Regarding ‘Speech–language pathology students’ perceptions of simulation‐based learning experiences in stuttering’
Authors: Shah Nili , Parker Fred , Carter Rachel , Kharma Nasir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs final year medical students, we have had first‐hand experience of the significant addition that simulation‐based learning can provide for healthcare education. After reading the 2021 paper ‘Speech–language pathology students’ perceptions of simulation‐based learning experiences in stuttering’ by Penman et al., we were shown once again the benefits of simulation‐based learning. Having said that, we felt there were many crucial aspects omitted in the simulation‐based learning program created by Penman et al. for this research article. Therefore, we attempt to highlight these issues with the hope that as students also studying towards a career in healthcare, we can build on the well‐developed program created by Penman et al. and make educators aware of the possible areas of improvement in healthcare education.
freqpcr: Estimation of population allele frequency using qPCR ΔΔCq measures from bulk samples
Authors: Sudo Masaaki , Osakabe Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPCR techniques, both quantitative (qPCR) and nonquantitative, have been used to estimate the frequency of a specific allele in a population. However, the labour required to sample numerous individuals and subsequently handle each sample renders the quantification of rare mutations (e.g., pesticide resistance gene mutations at the early stages of resistance development) challenging. Meanwhile, pooling DNA from multiple individuals as a “bulk sample” combined with qPCR may reduce handling costs. The qPCR output for a bulk sample, however, contains uncertainty owing to variations in DNA yields from each individual, in addition to measurement errors. In this study, we have developed a statistical model to estimate the frequency of the specific allele and its confidence interval when the sample allele frequencies are obtained in the form of ΔΔCq in the qPCR analyses on multiple bulk samples collected from a population. We assumed a gamma distribution as the individual DNA yield and developed an R package for parameter estimation, which was verified using real DNA samples from acaricide‐resistant spider mites, as well as a numerical simulation. Our model resulted in unbiased point estimates of the allele frequency compared with simple averaging of the ΔΔCq values. The confidence intervals suggest that dividing the bulk samples into more parts will improve precision if the total number of individuals is equal; however, if the cost of PCR analysis is higher than that of sampling, increasing the total number and pooling them into a few bulk samples may also yield comparable precision.
The bad side of recycling: The use of ancient coins as a source of material for modern forgeries
Authors: Perucchetti Laura , Dowler Amelia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA group of six coins from Ithaca in the British Museum collection has been analysed using a bench Bruker Artax X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer on a polished surface. The coins can be stylistically divided into two variants. The analysis highlighted that the two variants are chemically different, with one suspected of being a modern forgery. The first records of coins stylistically similar to the ones suspected of being forgeries are dated to the 19th century.This paper hypothesises that these suspected forgeries have been produced by an expert forger remelting other, more common, ancient coins. We suggest that the forger was an expert smith and also a numismatist and/or antiquarian who was possibly aware of the most recent studies dedicated to the chemical composition of ancient coins. This paper presents the hypothesis that the forger may have melted ancient coins or other artefacts to produce modern forgeries with an ‘ancient’ composition.