bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endophytic microbes from Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants: a potential source for bioactive secondary metabolites—a review
Authors: Ezeobiora Chijioke E. , Igbokwe Nwamaka H. , Amin Dina H. , Mendie Udoma E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Endophytes are highly beneficial species of microbes that live in symbiosis with plant tissues in the setting. Endophytes are difficult to isolate in their natural environment, and they are understudied despite being a rich source of bioactive molecules. There are varieties of new infectious diseases emerging across the world, necessitating a constant and expanded search for newer and more efficient bioactive molecules. Nigeria is known for its biodiversity in ethnomedicinal plants, yet these plants are understudied for endophytic microbes harbouring novel bioactive molecules.

Main body
Endophytes are a source of novel organic natural molecules and are thought to be drug discovery frontiers. Endophyte research has contributed to the discovery of possible anticancer agents following the discovery of taxol. Endophyte research has contributed to the discovery of possible drug compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimers disease and immunosuppressive properties among others. These breakthroughs provide hope for combating incurable diseases, drug resistance, the emergence of new infectious diseases, and other human health issues. Finding new medicines that may be effective candidates for treating newly emerging diseases in humans has a lot of promise. Most studies have been on fungi endophytes, with just a few reports on bacterial endophytes. The biology of endophytic bacteria and fungi, as well as endophytic microbes isolated from Nigerian medicinal plants, their isolation methods, identification by morphological and molecular methods, fermentation, purification, identification of bioactive compounds and biosynthetic gene clusters are all covered in this study.

Conclusion
In Nigeria, the sourcing and isolation of endophytes harboring biosynthetic gene clusters are still understudied, necessitating a rigorous quest for bioactive molecules in endophytes inhabiting various ethnomedicinal plants.
Surgical treatment for accidentally discovered pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa with bicuspid aortic valve, ascending aortic aneurysm, and myocardial ischemia: a case report
Authors: Kiryu Kentaro , Yamaura Gembu , Igarashi Itaru , Kadohama Takayuki , Tanaka Fuminobu , Takagi Daichi , Itagaki Yoshinori , Arai Takeshi , Wada Takuya , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (P-MAIVF) is a rare complication of infective endocarditis and aortic valve replacement. Ruptured P-MAIVF and angina due to compression of the coronary arteries are severe complications of this condition.

Case presentation
We report a case of P-MAIVF that was diagnosed accidentally during a routine checkup. The patient was asymptomatic; however, she had a systolic murmur. She had a history of infective endocarditis, which was treated conservatively without open-heart surgery. In addition, she was diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, bicuspid aortic valve, right coronary artery stenosis, and an ascending aortic aneurysm. She was treated with surgery, which involved patch closure of P-MAIVF with aortic valve replacement, coronary artery bypass grafting, and ascending aorta replacement. After the operation, echocardiography showed no leakage from the P-MAIVF.

Conclusions
It is necessary to have knowledge of P-MAIVF. Following up cases of infective endocarditis and post-aortic valve replacement using echocardiography is important for both, diagnosing P-MAIVF and preventing serious complications such rupture and angina.
Intrathoracic rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver in children: a report of two cases
Authors: Laamiri Rachida , Sellami Sahla , Kechiche Nahla , Abdelaali Mabrouk , Mekki Mongi , Belghith Mohsen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Intrathoracic rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst is a rare but dangerous complication. Its occurrence in children is exceptional as diagnosis and management constitute real challenges. We report two cases of intrathoracic rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst in children.

Case presentation
Our patients were respectively 12-year-old boy and 9-year-old girl, known cases of respiratory symptoms, diagnosed initially for pleuropneumonia. The CT scan established the diagnosis of intrathoracic rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst in the pleural cavity for the first patient and in the bronchial tree for the second. An emergency surgery was performed for both. The second patient developed broncho-biliary fistulas during the post-operative course which necessitated a re-intervention. A recurrence was noted at follow-up for the second patient.

Conclusion
Intrathoracic rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst is a serious complication which can occur even in children. Its diagnosis needs a high index of suspicion. The surgical approach remains controversial and there is a lack of consensus about the best way of management. Recurrence may occur despite appropriate treatment.
Randomized Study on Dose Escalation in Definitive Chemoradiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer (ARTDECO Study)
Authors: Hulshof Maarten C. C. M. , Geijsen Elisabeth D. , Rozema Tom , Oppedijk Vera , Buijsen Jeroen , Neelis Karen J. , Nuyttens Joost J. M. E. , van der Sangen Maurice J. C. , Jeene Paul M. , Reinders Jannie G. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Thano Adriana , van Hooft Jeanin E. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , van der Gaast Ate 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE To analyze the effect of radiation dose escalation to the primary tumor on local tumor control in definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) for patients with esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with medically inoperable and/or irresectable esophageal carcinoma, referred for dCRT, were randomly assigned between a standard dose (SD) of 50.4 Gy/1.8 Gy for 5.5 weeks to the tumor and regional lymph nodes and a high dose (HD) up to a total dose of 61.6 Gy to the primary tumor. Chemotherapy consisted of courses of concurrent carboplatin (area under the curve 2) and paclitaxel (50 mg/m2) in both arms once a week for 6 weeks. The primary end point was local progression-free survival. RESULTS Between September 2012 and June 2018, 260 patients were included. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was present in 61% of patients, and 39% had adenocarcinoma (AC). Radiation treatment was completed by 94%, and 85% had at least five courses of chemotherapy. The median follow-up time for all patients was 50 months. The 3-year local progression-free survival (LPFS) was 70% in the SD arm versus 73% in the HD arm (not significant). The LPFS for SCC and AC was 75% versus 79% and 61% versus 61% for SD and HD, respectively (not significant). The 3-year locoregional progression-free survival was 52% and 59% for the SD and HD arms, respectively ( P = .08). Overall, grade 4 and 5 common toxicity criteria were 12% and 5% in the SD arm versus 14% and 10% in the HD arm, respectively ( P = .15). CONCLUSION In dCRT for esophageal cancer, radiation dose escalation up to 61.6 Gy to the primary tumor did not result in a significant increase in local control over 50.4 Gy. The absence of a dose effect was observed in both AC and SCC.
Analytical Concordance of PD-L1 Assays Utilizing Antibodies From FDA-Approved Diagnostics in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Prince Emily A. , Sanzari Jenine K. , Pandya Dimple , Huron David , Edwards Robin 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE Four programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry assays (28-8, 22C3, SP263, and SP142) have been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Analytical concordance between these assays has been evaluated in multiple studies. This systematic review included studies that investigated the analytical concordance of immunohistochemistry assays utilizing two or more PD-L1 antibodies from FDA-approved diagnostics for evaluation of PD-L1 expression on tumor or immune cells across a range of tumor types and algorithms. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE to identify studies published between January 1, 2010, and March 31, 2019, that evaluated analytical concordance between two or more assays based on antibodies from FDA-approved assays. Proceedings of key oncology and pathology congresses that took place between January 2016 and March 2019 were searched for abstracts of studies evaluating PD-L1 assay concordance. RESULTS A total of 42 studies across a range of tumor types met the selection criteria. Concordance between 28-8-, 22C3-, and SP263-based assays in lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was high when used to assess PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs). SP142-based assays had overall low concordance with other approved assays when used to assess PD-L1 expression on TCs. Analytical concordance for assessment of PD-L1 expression on immune cells was variable and generally lower than for PD-L1 expression on TCs. CONCLUSION A large body of evidence supports the potential interchangeability of 28-8-, 22C3-, and SP263-based assays for the assessment of PD-L1 expression on TCs in lung cancer. Further studies are required in tumor types for which less evidence is available.
Sleep and Injury Risk
Authors: Huang Kevin , Ihm Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sleep has been found to have wide-ranging effects on sports performance and overall well-being. Recent research has found evidence relating chronic suboptimal sleep with the risk of musculoskeletal pain and sports injury. The amount of sleep that consistently has been found to be associated with increased risk of injury is ≤7 h of sleep, which when sustained for periods of at least 14 d has been associated with 1.7 times greater risk of musculoskeletal injury. However, it is unknown if sleep loss predisposes the athlete to specific types of musculoskeletal injuries. The role of sleep on musculoskeletal pain is important to understand as studies in both children and adults have found that suboptimal sleep more consistently predicts next-day pain as compared with pain predicting subsequent sleep loss. Despite the evidence that certain aspects of sleep behavior seem to increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury and pain, sleep should be considered as only a part of the athlete's overall health and well-being when assessing the athlete for risk of injury.
The National Interscholastic Cycling Association Mountain Biking Injury Surveillance System: 40,000 Student-Athlete-Years of Data
Authors: Willick Stuart E. , Ehn Meredith , Teramoto Masaru , Klatt Joshua W. B. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Saad Kristen , Cushman Daniel M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A web-based injury surveillance system was implemented through a collaboration between University of Utah researchers and the National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) to better understand injury characteristics in mountain biking. Data were collected from NICA leagues during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Injuries were tracked in 41,327 student-athlete-years, identifying 1750 unique injuries during 1155 injury events. Rider-dependent and rider-independent variables were analyzed. The most commonly reported injuries were concussion (23.6%), injuries to the wrist/hand (22.3%), and shoulder (15.6%). Half of all injury events occurred on downhills. Men and women reported similar yet significantly different injury rates (2.69% and 3.21%, respectively; P = 0.009). Women sustained more lower-limb injuries (37.8% vs 28.3%; P = 0.003). Nearly 50% of crashes resulted in an emergency room visit. Youth mountain bike racing is a rapidly growing sport. Acute traumatic injuries are common. Injury surveillance system data are now being used to inform injury prevention strategies and direct future research.
Analysis of the objective and preventative treatment and efficacy of therapeutic approaches in women with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Gromova O. L. 
Published: June 2021

Non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is prone to recurrence and has an unspecified residual monitoring and treatment algorithm. The main factors that influence the possibility of recurrence and progression are not known yet.The objective: examination of the frequency of hyperproliferative endometrial pathology (HPE) in premenopausal women, organization of treatment and prophylactic measures and their influence on the recurrence or progression of HPE.Design of the study: a retrospective observational study. Results of the study: The results of monitoring and treatment were analysed in 380 premenopausal women according to STRAW+10 criteria. The structure was dominated by non-atypycal endomrtrial hyperplasia (EH)- in 356 (93.7%) cases, atypycal hyperplasia (AH) - in 16 (4.2%), endometrial cancer (EC) - in 8 (2.6%). 60 women underwent hysterectomy (24 - AH and EC, 36 - concomitant pathology). Results from 320 women with EH excluding hysterectomy, have been monitored over 3 years. Hormonal treatment with gestagens was given to 138 of 320 women (43.1%), 78 (24.3%) received oral progestins without an interruption for 3 months, 34 (10.6%) for 6 months and 26 (8.1%) received LNG-IUDs 52 mg, in 182 (56.8%) no treatment was provided. The effectiveness of EH therapy in women with LNG-IUDs was achieved in 92.3% of cases, with gestagen treatment at 6 months in 70.6%, and at 3 months in 39.7%. With no therapy, regression of the disease was 28.8%. The incidence of EH at the 3rd year of follow-up in women without treatment was 2.4 times higher than at the 6-month course of oral gestagen therapy (71.4 vs 29.4%) and was not significantly different from the 3-month course (71.4 vs 60.3%).There is a lack of clarity in the treatment and monitoring system for women with EH in the study centres; short timing of gestagen prescriptions are insufficiently effective and contribute to a high rate of recurrence; the LNG IUD showed the best efficacy results (93.7%) and absence of recurrence over the course of the study.
Quality management in health care
Authors: Ręba Patrycja 
Published: June 2021

AdmissionQuality in healthcare can be broadly understood depending on your point of view. It is perceived differently by patients who focus their attention on relationships with staff, research and treatment outcomes, as well as the atmosphere and environment in which they are staying. On the other hand, for healthcare professionals, quality is mainly related to the reliable provision of services, in accordance with accepted standards, with the use of specific tools. Quality in health care is a particularly important problem, as it is always associated with the provision of services for the health or even of human life, therefore, for any medical entity, the quality of health services is the most important aspect when providing services. Treatment of the Patient should not only be carried out in accordance with the current knowledge and values important for the Patient himself, Aim The aim of the work is to analyze quality management in health care.Material and method Review of the available literature on the subject.ResultsA satisfactory level of quality of the provided health services can be obtained through thorough and systematic checks of the current level of services and effective actions improving this process. Both internal and external methods of ensuring care are used to ensure a high level of care quality. Internal methods used by health care facilities include the development of their own quality assurance programs, including examination and assessment of the quality of medical or nursing care, monitoring and prevention of infections and others. Patient satisfaction is a common method as patient satisfaction with the care provided is the most important indicator of its effectiveness. Most often, the external quality assessment of healthcare organizations in Poland is subject to compliance with the ISO 9001 standard or with the accreditation standards of the Healthcare Quality Monitoring Center. ISO is the International Standard Organization, which creates various types of standards as well as technical specifications and reports for the entire needs, prepared by a specially appointed Technical Committee 176 (Technical Committee 176 - ISO / TC 176). The ISO 9000 family standards are dedicated to quality management systems and are now used in more than one hundred countries. The implementation of the Quality Management System based on these standards proves the ordering and rationalization of activities (efficiency and effectiveness) and the ability to establish the quality policy. ConclusionsThe guarantee of high-quality service at an appropriately low cost is a significant challenge for health care units that want to survive on the increasingly competitive health market. Patients' expectations are growing, changing, and patient satisfaction research in the field of healthcare becomes the basis for launching the quality improvement process. The medical area is a branch of human activity, where the level of benefits may affect human life and health, so efforts to ensure the highest quality are fully justified, and even advisable.
The level of platelets in patients operated for a fracture of the neck of the femur
Authors: Babuśka-Roczniak Magdalena , Wojtanowska-Kaczka Magdalena , Kowalski Mateusz , Skalik Marta , Racz Oliver , Oliwko Elżbieta , Roczniak Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

Admission. Treatment of hip fractures is one of the most serious challenges for musculoskeletal traumatology, as these fractures occur mainly in the elderly. Despite the fact that modern traumatology has reached a high level, femoral neck fractures are still a very big problem among societies. The purpose of the study was an assessment of the level of platelets in patients treated with surgery for a fracture of the neck of the femur. Material and method. The research was conducted in December 2019 in one of the trauma and orthopedic wards in Upper Silesia. The study included 35 patients aged 48-78 years treated surgically due to a hip fracture. All obtained data on patients come from medical records. Results. The analysis showed that 8 of the 35 patients included in the study had a decrease in the level of platelets 24 hours after the surgical treatment of a hip fracture. One week after the surgery, the level of platelets was normal. Conclusions. A relationship has been demonstrated between the level of platelets and surgical treatment of a fracture of the femoral neck. A significant drop in platelets was noticed in 23% of the subjects 24 hours after the surgery and their normal value was reached a week later. The problem requires further observation and research.
Promoting Platform Takeoff and Self-Fulfilling Expectations: Field Experimental Evidence
Authors: Boudreau Kevin J. 
Published: June 2021

A platform might have the potential to bring enormous value to its users. However, without a well-orchestrated launch strategy that coordinates a sufficient number of users onto the platform, this potential will not be realized. The theoretical literature predicts that one approach to coordinating platform take-off is to influence the market’s subjective focal expectations of the future installed base of users. This paper reports on a field experiment investigating the causal role of subjective expectations in the launch of a new platform venture, in which invitations to join a newly launched platform were sent to 16,349 individuals. The invitations included randomized statements regarding the size of the future expected installed base (along with disclosures of the current installed base). I find that simple, subjective, uncommitted, and relatively costless statements broadcasted by the platform with the goal of influencing market expectations were indeed able to influence platform takeoff and overcome an initial chicken-and-egg problem. These broadcasted subjective statements regarding future installed base had a larger influence on adoption rates than did disclosures of the true current installed base during early adoption. However, these subjective statements of expected future installed base ceased to have any effect once the true current installed base grew large. I discuss implications for the promotion, marketing, and evangelism of new platform ventures. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing.
Local politicians in action? The relationship between perceived prerequisites and actions of political committees responsible for social services in supporting the implementation of evidence-based practice
Authors: Bäck Annika , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Bergström Anna , Hasson Henna , Richter Anne 
Published: June 2021

Background:A supportive context is essential for successful implementation processes. Local politicians are delivery system actors who might both enable and hinder the implementation of health and social policies.
Aims and objectives:The study examines the relationship between perceived prerequisites and the type of actions taken by local political committees to support the implementation of evidence-based practice in social services.
Methods:A cross-sectional web survey targeting the chair and vice-chair of committees responsible for social services in Sweden (n=181). The data was analysed with regression analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA.
Findings:Three clusters of action were identified (passive, neutral and active), capturing the reported actions taken by the committees to support implementation of EBP. The committees’ perceived prerequisites (capability, motivation, and opportunity) were highest in the active cluster and lowest in the passive cluster. The clusters also differed regarding chair/vice-chair educational level, and type of municipality in which the chair/vice-chair were active.
Discussions and conclusion:The variation in reported actions among the committees to support the implementation of EBP implies that some social service organisations might lack the contextual support they need for implementing EBP. The prerequisites for the committees might need to be strengthened with regard to capability, motivation and opportunity. This study is an indication of the relationship between committees’ prerequisites and their actions in the implementation of EBP, but further research is needed.
Quantum memories and the double-slit experiment: implications for astronomical interferometry
Authors: Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Sellars Matthew J. , Bartholomew John G. 
Published: June 2021

Thomas Young’s slit experiment lies at the heart of classical interference and quantum mechanics. Over the last 50 years, it has been shown that particles (e.g., photons, electrons, large molecules), even individual particles, generate an interference pattern at a distant screen after passage through a double slit, thereby demonstrating wave-particle duality. We revisit this famous experiment by replacing both slits with single-mode fiber inputs to two independent quantum memories that are capable of storing the incident electromagnetic field’s amplitude and phase as a function of time. At a later time, the action is reversed: the quantum memories are read out in synchrony, and the single-mode fiber outputs are allowed to interact, consistent with the original observation. In contrast to any classical memory device, the write and read processes of a quantum memory are non-destructive and hence preserve the photonic quantum states. In principle, with sufficiently long storage times and sufficiently high photonic storage capacity, quantum memories operating at widely separated telescopes can be brought together to achieve optical interferometry over arbitrarily long baselines.