bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of mammographic densities to breast cancer risk
Authors: Ali Engy A. , Raafat Mariam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur goal was to find out the relation between mammographic densities and cancer of the breast according to the recent ACR classification. From the medical records of Kasereliny Hospital, 49,409 women were subjected to digital mammography for screening, of which 1500 breast cancer cases were collected. The mammographic categories of breast density were ACR-A, B, C, and D, which were detected by two senior radiologists. All radiological classifications were made using both standard mammographic views bilaterally. Two-sided tests of statistical significance were represented by all thePvalues.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2019, 49,409 women came for digital mammographic screening, their age ranges between 40 and 65, and all of them are included in the study. One thousand cases of breast cancer cases were radiologically and pathologically diagnosed. Different densities were arranged in descending pattern depending on the frequency of positive cases: D (13.7%), C (3.3%), B (2.7%), A (2.2%). There is positive significant risk ratio among every higher mammographic density in comparison to the lower density.ConclusionOur study results show that the risk of breast cancer is in close relation to the mammographic breast density.
Updated Results of TBCRC026: Phase II Trial Correlating Standardized Uptake Value With Pathological Complete Response to Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer
Authors: Connolly Roisin M. , Leal Jeffrey P. , Solnes Lilja , Huang Chiung-Yu , Carpenter Ashley , Gaffney Katy , Abramson Vandana , Carey Lisa A. , Liu Minetta C. , Rimawi Mothaffar , Specht Jennifer , Storniolo Anna Maria , Valero Vicente , Vaklavas Christos , Krop Ian E. , Winer Eric P. , Camp Melissa , Miller Robert S. , Wolff Antonio C. , Cimino-Mathews Ashley , Park Ben H. , Wahl Richard L. , Stearns Vered 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE Predictive biomarkers to identify patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer who may benefit from targeted therapy alone are required. We hypothesized that early measurements of tumor maximum standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULmax) on 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) would predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to pertuzumab and trastuzumab (PT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage II or III, estrogen receptor–negative, HER2-positive breast cancer received four cycles of neoadjuvant PT. 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed at baseline and 15 days after PT initiation (C1D15). Eighty evaluable patients were required to test the null hypothesis that the area under the curve of percent change in SULmax by C1D15 predicting pCR is ≤ 0.65, with a one-sided type I error rate of 10%. RESULTS Eighty-eight women were enrolled (83 evaluable), and 85% (75 of 88) completed all four cycles of PT. pCR after PT alone was 22%. Receiver operator characteristic analysis of percent change in SULmax by C1D15 yielded an area under the curve of 0.72 (80% CI, 0.64 to 0.80; one-sided P = .12), which did not reject the null hypothesis. However, between patients who obtained pCR and who did not, a significant difference in median percent reduction in SULmax by C1D15 was observed (63.8% v 41.8%; P = .004) and SULmax reduction ≥ 40% was more prevalent (83% v 52%; P = .03; positive predictive value, 31%). Participants not obtaining a 40% reduction in SULmax by C1D15 were unlikely to obtain pCR (negative predictive value, 91%). CONCLUSION Although the primary objective was not met, early changes in SULmax predict response to PT in estrogen receptor–negative and HER2-positive breast cancer. Once optimized, this quantitative imaging strategy may facilitate tailoring of therapy in this setting.
Spin-half bosonic classification
Authors: Bueno Rogerio R. J. , Aguirre A. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we define a new spinor classification that encompasses the recently proposed spin-half bosons with mass dimension three-half (Ahluwalia D. V., EPL, 131 (2020) 41001). As will be shown, these particles, which are governed by a first-order equation and consequently provide a local theory, belong to a specific subclass of class-2 spinors within the bosonic classification, playing a similar role to that of Dirac spinors within the Lounesto classification. Such bosonic classification is shown to be closely connected with the usual fermionic Lounesto classification, and thus, evincing a symmetry between Dirac fermions and spin-half bosons.
The kidney of the Nodularia freshwater mussel has a larger filtration-size and counter-current system with improved water excretion compared with the seawater mussel Mytilus
Authors: Seo Eriko , Wakashin Hidefumi , Seo Yoshiteru 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Histological studies and magnetic resonance imaging were employed to analyze the kidney structure and function of the freshwater mussel, Nodularia douglasiae. The Nodularia kidney consists of proximal, intermediate and distal tubules. The epithelia of the renal tubules were composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells. The proximal and distal tubules run in opposite directions underneath the pericardial cavity. Molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values for the kidney filtration were detected by MR tracer injections: gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (GdDTPA) at 0.55 kDa, an oligomer-based contrast agent (CH3-DTPA-Gd) at 2.2 kDa, as well as Gd-DTPA-polylysine at 10, 22, and 110 kDa. The T1w-MRI intensity and T1 relaxation rate (R1) of the pericardial cavity and renal tubules increased with tracers smaller than 10 kDa. The other tracers showed only minimal or no increase. Thus, we concluded that the MWCO of the kidney is 22 kDa, 50 times larger than that for the Mytilus living in seawater. Since the R1 values of the renal tubules were similar to those of the pericardial cavity, the kidney did not concentrate filtrated tracers. The slow decay of the magnetic resonance (MR) tracers from the renal tubules indicated a low filtration rate, suggesting that the counter-current system reabsorbs useful solutes without reabsorption of water. The higher MWCO may be beneficial to maintain the tubular oncotic pressure and allow excretion of excess water. In conclusion, a main renal function of the freshwater mussel is the excretion of water, opposite to that of the seawater mussel and vertebrates, which preserve water.
Characterization of micron-scale protein-depleted plasma membrane domains in phosphatidylserine-deficient yeast cells
Authors: Mioka Tetsuo , Guo Tian , Wang Shiyao , Tsuji Takuma , Kishimoto Takuma , Fujimoto Toyoshi , Tanaka Kazuma 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Membrane phase separation to form micron-scale domains of lipids and proteins occurs in artificial membranes; however, a similar large-scale phase separation has not been reported in the plasma membrane of the living cells. We show here that a stable micron-scale protein-depleted region is generated in the plasma membrane of yeast mutants lacking phosphatidylserine at high temperatures. We named this region the ‘void zone’. Transmembrane proteins and certain peripheral membrane proteins and phospholipids are excluded from the void zone. The void zone is rich in ergosterol, and requires ergosterol and sphingolipids for its formation. Such properties are also found in the cholesterol-enriched domains of phase-separated artificial membranes, but the void zone is a novel membrane domain that requires energy and various cellular functions for its formation. The formation of the void zone indicates that the plasma membrane in living cells has the potential to undergo phase separation with certain lipid compositions. We also found that void zones were frequently in contact with vacuoles, in which a membrane domain was also formed at the contact site.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Evidence of misuse of nonparametric tests in the presence of heteroscedasticity within obesity research
Authors: Kroeger Cynthia M , Hannon Bridget A , Halliday Tanya M , Ejima Keisuke , Teran-Garcia Margarita , Brown Andrew W 
Published: May 2021

Background: Classic nonparametric tests (cNPTs), like Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney U, are sometimes used to detect differences in central tendency (i.e., means or medians). However, when the tests’ assumptions are violated, such as in the presence of unequal variance and other forms of heteroscedasticity, they are no longer valid for testing differences in central tendency. Yet, sometimes researchers erroneously use cNPTs to account for heteroscedasticity. Objective: To document the appropriateness of cNPT use in obesity literature, characterize studies that use cNPTs, and evaluate the citation and public sharing patterns of these articles. Methods: We reviewed obesity studies published in 2017 to determine whether the authors used cNPTs: (1) to correct for heteroscedasticity (invalid); (2) when heteroscedasticity was clearly not present (correct); or (3) when it was unclear whether heteroscedasticity was present (unclear). Open science R packages were used to transparently search literature and extract data on how often papers with errors have been cited in academic literature, read in Mendeley, and disseminated in the media. Results: We identified nine studies that used a cNPT in the presence of heteroscedasticity (some because of the mistaken rationale that the test corrected for heteroscedasticity), 25 articles that did not explicitly state whether heteroscedasticity was present when a cNPT was used, and only four articles that appropriately reported that heteroscedasticity was not present when a cNPT was used. Errors were found in observational and interventional studies, in human and rodent studies, and only when studies were unregistered. Studies with errors have been cited 113 times, read in Mendeley 123 times, and disseminated in the media 41 times, by the public, scientists, science communicators, and doctors. Conclusions: Examples of inappropriate use of cNPTs exist in the obesity literature, and those articles perpetuate the errors via various audiences and dissemination platforms.
Risk factors for completed suicide among people who use drugs: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Murphy Lisa , Lyons Suzi , O'Sullivan Michael , Lynn Ena 
Published: May 2021

Background: Research over the past several decades has shown an increased risk for completed suicide among people who use drugs (PWUD). However, no study to date has attempted to summarise the available literature on the variety of risk factors associated with this increased risk. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims to systematically map and synthesise the extent and nature of published, unpublished and grey literature related to risk factors for suicide among PWUD. Methods: The following six-stage methodological framework for scoping reviews proposed by Arksey and O’Malley with enhancements by Levac and colleagues will be used: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting/mapping the data, (5) collating, summarising and reporting results and (6) expert consultation. The review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Key inclusion and exclusion criteria will be developed to guide literature screening and data charting. Three reviewers will conduct the initial screening of published, unpublished and grey literature. Identified risk factors will be collated, summarised and categorised iteratively by two independent reviewers. Stakeholder consultation will occur with experts from a national steering committee, a national advisory group, a national suicide prevention centre and a European drug monitoring centre. Conclusion: Collating and thematically categorising the various risk factors for suicide among this high-risk group will hold important implications for future research, policy and practice. The research will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal and a conference presentation, and by sharing the findings with key stakeholders working within research, policy-making and professional practice contexts.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Seroprevalence Among Healthcare Workers by Job Function and Work Location in a New York Inner‐City Hospital
Authors: Purswani Murli U , Bucciarelli Jessica , Tiburcio Jose , Yagudayev Shamuel M , Connell Georgia H , Omidiran Arafat A , Hannaway Launcelot , Zeana Cosmina , Healy Maureen , Yu Gary , Reich Doug 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVETo describe the seroprevalence and risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 among healthcare workers (HCWs) by job function and work location following the pandemic's first wave in New York City (NYC).METHODSA cross‐sectional study conducted between May 18 and June 26, 2020, during which HCWs at a large inner‐city teaching hospital in NYC received voluntary antibody testing. The main outcome was presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies indicating previous infection. Seroprevalence and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for seropositivity by type and location of work were calculated using logistic regression analyses.RESULTSOf 2,749 HCWs tested, 831 tested positive, yielding a crude seroprevalence of 30.2% (95% CI, 29%‐32%). Seroprevalence ranged from 11.1% for pharmacy staff to 44.0% for nonclinical HCWs comprised of patient transporters and housekeeping and security staff, with 37.5% for nurses and 20.9% for administrative staff. Compared to administrative staff, aORs (95% CIs) for seropositivity were 2.54 (1.64‐3.94) for nurses; 2.51 (1.42‐4.43) for nonclinical HCWs; between 1.70 and 1.83 for allied HCWs such as patient care technicians, social workers, registration clerks and therapists; and 0.80 (0.50‐1.29) for physicians. Compared to office locations, aORs for the emergency department and inpatient units were 2.27 (1.53‐3.37) and 1.48 (1.14‐1.92), respectively.CONCLUSIONOne‐third of hospital‐based HCWs were seropositive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by the end of the first wave in NYC. Seroprevalence differed by job function and work location, with the highest estimated risk for nurses and the emergency department, respectively. These findings support current nationwide policy prioritizing HCWs for receipt of newly authorized COVID‐19 vaccines.
Konserwatyści galicyjscy wobec kwestii ukraińskiej w okresie rządów namiestnika Leona Pinińskiego (1898-1903)
Authors: Dudek Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

Galician Conservatives on the Ukrainian Question during the Time of Governor Leon Piniński (1898-1903)
The article examines the attitude of Galician conservatives towards the Ukrainian question during the time of Governor Leon Piniński. It discusses the issue of establishing new schools with Ukrainian as the language of instruction and a Ukrainian University in Lviv, and the problem of the 1902-1903 farmers’ strikes in the East Galician countryside, which had not only national but also social grounds. The author also draws attention to the course of the elections to the National Parliament and the Council of State, and their impact on Polish-Ukrainian relations. The author argues that the actions taken during this period by both the governor and part of the broadly understood conservative camp contributed to the deterioration of the mutual relations.
Solving, analyzing, manufacturing, and experimental testing of thickness distribution for a cycloid-like variable curvature mirror
Authors: Xie Xiaopeng , Xu Liang , Wang Yongjie , Shen Le , Fan Xuewu , Fan Wenhui , Li Chuang , Zhao Hui 
Published: May 2021

A cycloid-like variable curvature mirror (VCM) for zoom-imaging systems was investigated. An analytical-deformation solution to a thin-elastic plate with a cycloid-like thickness distribution and simply supported boundary condition under uniform pressure was found using a small parameter method. The finite-element analysis of the thin-elastic plate and designed VCM showed a good correlation with the analytical solution. The VCM was manufactured and polished to the initial shape with a root mean square (RMS) of 1/80λ. Finally, with air-pressure-based actuation testing under 0.07 MPa, the VCM deforms approximately 36.89 µm and maintains the RMS surface performance of 1/10λ, 1/40λ with and without spherical aberrations, respectively.
Disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment and their associations with psychological impacts under the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in 5854 Chinese people with different sociodemographic backgrounds
Authors: Yang Min , He Ping , Xu Xiaoming , Li Dan , Wang Jing , Wang Yanjun , Wang Bin , Wang Wo , Zhao Mei , Lin Hui , Deng Mingming , Deng Tianwei , Kuang Li , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: May 2021

Background & aim
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the life and work of people worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhythm disruptions of life, work, and entertainment, and their associations with the psychological impacts during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from the 10th to 17th March 2020 in China. A structured e-questionnaire containing general information, the Chinese version of Brief Social Rhythm Scale, and Zung’s self-rating scales of depression and anxiety (SDS and SAS) was posted and collected online through a public media (i.e. EQxiu online questionnaire platform). Scores in sleeping, getting up, and socializing (SGS) rhythm and eating, physical practice, and entertainment (EPE) rhythm were compared among and between participants with different sociodemographic backgrounds including gender, age, education, current occupation, annual income, health status, and chronic disease status. Correlations of SDS and SAS with SGS-scale and EPE-scale were also analyzed.

Results
Overall, 5854 participants were included. There were significant differences in the scores of SGS-scale and EPE-scale among people with different sociodemographic backgrounds. The scores were significantly higher in the groups with female gender, low education level, lower or higher than average income, poor health status, ages of 26–30 years or older than 61 years, nurses and subjects with divorce or widow status. There were also significant differences in SAS and SDS scores among people with different sociodemographic backgrounds (all P< 0.05). The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was 24.3% and 12.6%, respectively, with nurses having the highest rates of depression (32.94%) and anxiety (18.98%) among the different occupational groups. SGS-scale was moderately correlated with SDS and SAS, and disruption of SGS rhythm was an independent risk factor for depression and anxiety.

Conclusion
Social rhythm disruption was independently associated with depression and anxiety. Interventions should be applied to people vulnerable to the rhythm disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Early exclusive breastfeeding cessation and postpartum depression: Assessing the mediating and moderating role of maternal stress and social support
Authors: Islam Md Jahirul , Broidy Lisa , Baird Kathleen , Rahman Mosiur , Zobair Khondker Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Background
Early termination of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and postpartum depression (PPD) are both recognized as global health problems. Recent literature reviews demonstrate a notable link between PPD and breastfeeding outcomes, however, the underlying mechanisms linking the two remain unclear.

Objectives
The aim of the study is to: 1) explore the comparative risk for PPD among new mothers who terminated EBF before the 6-month mark, compared to those who did not; and 2) test whether maternal stress and social support operate to mediate and/or moderate the relationship between EBF and PPD.

Methods
Between October 2015 and January 2016, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 426 new mothers of Bangladesh who were six months postpartum.

Results
Based on the multivariate logistic regression model, non-exclusively breastfeeding mothers were 7.58-fold more likely to experience PPD (95% CI [3.94, 14.59]) than exclusively breastfeeding mothers. Additionally, maternal stress and social support not only partially mediate the relationship between EBF and PPD but also substantially moderate this relationship. Specifically, the odds of PPD are significantly higher among mothers who had early EBF interruption in conjunction with increased stress levels and limited social support.

Conclusions
Current evidence suggests that concurrent screening for EBF difficulties and maternal stress are important red flags that might hint at complications even before mother’s screen positive for PPD. Support and care from family members can provide assistance in overcoming this issue.
Individual and community level factors associated with use of iodized salt in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis of demographic health surveys
Authors: Yeshaw Yigizie , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Iodine deficiency disorder a common problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It affects not only the health of the affected individual but also the economic development of the country. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a scarcity in literature about the associated factors of iodized salt utilization in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to identify both individual and community level determinants of iodized salt utilization in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
This study used the appended datasets of the most recent demographic and health survey from 31 sub-Saharan countries. A total weighted sample of 391,463 households was included in the study. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were done to determine the associated factors of iodized salt utilization in SSA. P value ≤ 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant variables.

Results
Those households with primary (AOR  =  1.53, 95% CI  =  1.50–1.57), secondary (AOR  = 1.81, 95% CI  =  1.76–1.86) and higher education level (AOR  =  2.28, 95% CI  =  2.17–2.40) had higher odds of iodized salt utilization. Households with middle (AOR  =  1.05, 95% CI  =  1.02–1.08), richer (AOR  = 1.13, 95% CI  =  1.09–1.17) and richest wealth index (AOR  =  1.23, 95% CI  =  1.18–1.28) also had an increased chance of using iodized salt. Households from high community media exposure (AOR  =  2.07, 95% CI  =  1.71–2.51), high community education level (AOR  =  3.78, 95% CI  =  3.14–4.56), and low community poverty level (AOR = 1.29, CI  =  1.07–1.56) had higher odds of using salt containing iodine.

Conclusion
Both individual and community level factors were found to be associated with use of salt containing iodine in sub-Saharan Africa. Education level, media exposure, community poverty level, wealth index, community education, and community media exposure were found to be associated with use of salt containing iodine in SSA. Therefore, to improve the use of iodized salt in the region, there is a need to increase access to media sources and develop the socioeconomic status of the community.