bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actionable driver DNA variants and fusion genes can be detected in archived cytological specimens with the Oncomine Dx Target Test Multi‐CDx system in lung cancer
Authors: Amemiya Kenji , Hirotsu Yosuke , Nagakubo Yuki , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Higuchi Rumi , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Kakizaki Yumiko , Miyashita Yoshihiro , Oyama Toshio , Omata Masao 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDMolecular testing is critical for identifying actionable variants in lung cancer for precision medicine. When tumor tissue samples are unavailable, archived cytological specimens (ACSs) can be used. The authors examined whether oncogenic variants could be accurately detected in ACSs versus paired formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues with in vitro diagnostic tests.METHODSThe authors collected 18 ACSs and 15 FFPE tissues from 15 patients with lung cancer and investigated genomic profiles with the Oncomine Dx Target Test Multi‐CDx system, which is an integrated next‐generation sequencing platform that comprehensively examines 4 companion diagnostic target genes (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]; B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [BRAF]; anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK]; and ROS proto‐oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase [ROS1]). They compared the quantity and quality of extracted nucleic acids, the sequencing quality control (QC), and the detected variants between ACSs and FFPE tissues.RESULTSThe total amount of DNA and RNA obtained from 1 slide was higher in FFPE tissues than ACSs. The RNA integrity number was higher in ACSs. There were no differences in sequencing QC between ACSs and FFPE tissues. A total of 21 variants, including EGFR mutations and ALK and ROS1 fusion genes, were detected in both ACSs and FFPE tissues with 100% concordance.CONCLUSIONSACSs can be a feasible alternative with which to identify actionable mutations and fusion genes via the Oncomine Dx Target Test Multi‐CDx system.
An energy‐efficient clustering algorithm with self‐diagnosis data fault detection and prediction for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Loganathan Sathyapriya , Arumugam Jawahar , Chinnababu Vinothkumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWireless sensor networks are used to track and regulate physical conditions like temperature and the environment's humidity. Wireless sensor networks with their advanced features are adopted for many real‐time applications. The limited capacity batteries usually power the sensor nodes. But the big challenge of limited battery capacity obstructs remote and inaccessible areas where their use is the most favorable. For extending the lifetime of the network, the battery should optimally utilize it for different operations. The requirement toward low complexity and low energy consumption motivate the wireless sensor networks' efficient clustering algorithm. The sensor nodes group into clusters; one sensor node is chosen as a cluster head, and communication to the sink node from the sensor nodes occurs through the cluster head (CH) node. In the proposed method, cluster heads are determined based on the sensor node's weighted metric. The sensor nodes are then self‐adaptive by making correct decisions in real‐time based on the sensed data, but detected information is often inaccurate due to some mechanical, wireless loss, and battery problems. The erroneous or irrelevant data should be overlooked to avoid unnecessary data transmission, which contributes to reducing the network's lifetime. In the neighborhood‐dependent self‐diagnosis fault detection technique, the faulty sensed data are filtered at the sensor node itself. In the data prediction algorithm, the filtered data are predicted at the cluster head. All the factors collectively contribute to enhance the network's lifetime. The lifetime improvement of the proposed approach is almost doubled compared with LEACH one time better than QLEACH and ECH, and 51% better than temporal approach.
The Photophysics of Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine
Authors: Thom Kristoffer A. , Förster Tom , Weingart Oliver , Goto Shimpei , Takeda Youhei , Minakata Satoshi , Gilch Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the research groups of Peter Gilch, Oliver Weingart (both HHU Düsseldorf, Germany) and Youhei Takeda (Osaka University, Japan). The image shows a comic style artwork of Kristoffer Thom – the first author of the paper – explaining the results of the study with the help of a blackboard. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.2020000250.
Water‐deficit stress alters intra‐panicle grain number in sorghum
Authors: Adotey Regina Enninful , Patrignani Andres , Bergkamp Blake , Kluitenberg Gerard , Prasad P.V. Vara , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the ability of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] to withstand harsh environmental conditions, it is susceptible to water‐deficit stress during grain filling. To identify postflowering, drought‐tolerant sorghum genotypes, parents of nested association mapping populations were evaluated under controlled and water‐deficit conditions in greenhouse and field conditions. In both experiments, water‐deficit stress was imposed by withholding water during the grain‐filling period. In field experiments, rootzone soil moisture was measured weekly using a neutron probe to quantify the plant available water under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions. Investigations were focused on determining the variability in the grain‐filling pattern across different positions within the panicles (intra‐panicle) of 11 different sorghum genotypes. Water‐deficit conditions characterized by low plant available water had a consistently negative association with grain number along different positions in the panicle. Our findings indicate that maintaining grain numbers per panicle under postflowering water deficit is more important than increasing individual grain weight. Among the tested genotypes, SC35 and SC1103 were most tolerant to water‐deficit conditions under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Currently available biparental populations developed using these genotypes provide an opportunity to enhance tolerance to postflowering water‐deficit stress in sorghum.
Perovskites on Ice: An Additive‐Free Approach to Increase the Shelf‐Life of Triple‐Cation Perovskite Precursor Solutions
Authors: O'Kane Mary E. , Smith Joel A. , Alanazi Tarek I. , Cassella Elena J. , Game Onkar , van Meurs Sandra , Lidzey David G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of stable perovskite precursor solutions is critical if solution‐processable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are to be practically manufacturable. Ideally, such precursors should combine high solution stability without using chemical additives that might compromise PSC performance. Here, it was shown that the shelf‐life of high‐performing perovskite precursors could be greatly improved by storing solutions at low‐temperature without the need to alter chemical composition. Devices fabricated from solutions stored for 31 days at 4 °C achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.6 % (97 % of original PCE). The choice of precursor solvent also impacted solution shelf‐life, with DMSO‐based solutions having enhanced solution stability compared to those including DMF. The compositions of aged precursors were explored using NMR spectroscopy, and films made from these solutions were analysed using X‐ray diffraction. It was concluded that the improvement in precursor solution stability is directly linked to the suppression of an addition‐elimination reaction and the preservation of higher amounts of methylammonium within solution.
Marijuana legalization and household spending on food and alcohol
Authors: Lu Thanh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUtilizing the Consumer Expenditure Interview Survey from 2005 to 2019, I study spending on food and alcohol following recreational marijuana law (RML). Exploiting differences in the timing of the passage of RMLs and employing two‐way fixed‐effects methods, I find that households located in states adopting these laws increase their quarterly spending on food, which is driven mainly by spending on food consumed away from home. Legalization of recreational marijuana also leads to increased quarterly spending on alcohol. These findings suggest a complementarity between food, alcohol, and marijuana.
Pharmacological Activation of Nrf2 Enhances Functional Liver Regeneration
Authors: Chan Benjamin K.Y. , Elmasry Mohamed , Forootan Shiva S. , Russomanno Giusy , Bunday Tobias M. , Zhang Fang , Brillant Nathalie , Starkey Lewis Philip J. , Aird Rhona , Ricci Emanuele , Andrews Timothy D. , Sison‐Young Rowena L. , Schofield Amy L. , Fang Yongxiang , Lister Adam , Sharkey Jack W. , Poptani Harish , Kitteringham Neil R. , Forbes Stuart J. , Malik Hassan Z. , Fenwick Stephen W. , Park B. Kevin , Goldring Christopher E. , Copple Ian M. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates an array of cytoprotective genes, yet studies in transgenic mice have led to conflicting reports on its role in liver regeneration. We aimed to test the hypothesis that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 would enhance liver regeneration.

Approach and Results
Wild‐type and Nrf2 null mice were administered bardoxolone methyl (CDDO‐Me), a potent activator of Nrf2 that has entered clinical development, and then subjected to two‐thirds partial hepatectomy. Using translational noninvasive imaging techniques, CDDO‐Me was shown to enhance the rate of restoration of liver volume (MRI) and improve liver function (multispectral optoacoustic imaging of indocyanine green clearance) in wild‐type, but not Nrf2 null, mice following partial hepatectomy. Using immunofluorescence imaging and whole transcriptome analysis, these effects were found to be associated with an increase in hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation, the suppression of immune and inflammatory signals, and metabolic adaptation in the remnant liver tissue. Similar processes were modulated following exposure of primary human hepatocytes to CDDO‐Me, highlighting the potential relevance of our findings to patients.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is a promising strategy for enhancing functional liver regeneration. Such an approach could therefore aid the recovery of patients undergoing liver surgery and support the treatment of acute and chronic liver disease.
Socialization of children's experience and expression of pride
Authors: Hagan Courtney A. , Halberstadt Amy G. , Leary Kevin A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo understand socialization pathways in the development of specific, self‐relevant emotions, we examined the socialization of third‐grade children's experience and expression of pride in a sample of 196 mother–child dyads, including children's gender and race as instantiations of cultural contexts. Mothers' self‐reported beliefs about the value of positive emotions, beliefs about the value of negative emotions, and positive expressivity within the family were examined in relation to Black and White boys' and girls' own reported feelings and expressions of pride in response to five vignettes. Results revealed that mothers' beliefs and expressive behaviour were associated with their children's feelings of pride, but were not significantly associated with children's expressing pride in the vignettes. Socialization processes seemed similar across child gender and race, with the one exception of maternal value of positivity being differently associated with children's pride expression by race. Results exploring gender and race as cultural contexts indicated that mothers' beliefs and expressivity varied little by child gender, but did by race; Black mothers reported valuing positive emotions more so than White mothers. Children reported pride differences in the vignettes by both gender and race, with female and Black children reporting feeling and expressing pride more so than male and White children. These findings suggest parental and cultural roles in the socialization of how children feel and express pride.
Hematologic adaptation to mask‐wearing among pregnant women and obstetrical outcome during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Friedrich Lior , Levin Gabriel , Maixner Nitzan , Bart Yossi , Tsur Abraham , Yinon Yoav , Meyer Raanan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mask‐wearing on hematological laboratory components and obstetrical outcomes among women delivering during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsLaboratory results and obstetrical outcomes of women with singleton gestations, admitted for delivery during the COVID‐19 mask‐wearing period (April–June 2020) were compared with those of women delivering during the parallel period in 2019 and with a larger cohort derived from nine pre‐pandemic years (March 2011–April 2020).ResultsOverall, 1838 women delivered during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Compared with the pre‐pandemic period, mean hemoglobin and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher during the mask‐wearing period (12.15 ± 1.1 vs 11.96 ± 1.2, P < 0.001 and 472 ± 103.6 vs 448 ± 85.1 mg/dl, P < 0.001, respectively). Platelet levels were lower (200 ± 56.0 vs 206 ± 57.5 K/µl, P < 0.001). The rate of delivery at <34 weeks of gestation was lower during the mask‐wearing period (1.1% vs 2%, odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.37–0.88, P = 0.01), whereas cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage rates were higher (26.7% vs 24.4%, OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25, P = 0.022 and 4.1% vs 2.8%, OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8, P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionA hard‐to‐ventilate space created by wearing a mask during the COVID‐19 era may be the underlying cause of the observed higher hemoglobin level among pregnant women, possibly affecting obstetrical outcomes.
Major differences in the characteristics of users of the copper intrauterine device or levonorgestrel intrauterine system at a clinic in Campinas, Brazil
Authors: Laporte Montas , Metelus Sherly , Ali Moazzam , Bahamondes Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the sociodemographic characteristics of users of the copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) at a family planning clinic in Campinas, SP, Brazil.MethodsA retrospective audit study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of new users of IUDs at the clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas. Data covered insertions performed between 1979 and 2006 when only the Cu‐IUD was offered at the clinic, and between 2007 and 2019 when the LNG‐IUS was also offered, both free of charge to women. Logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsThere were 31 385 insertions. Cu‐IUD: n = 17 156 (1979–2006) and n = 2013 (2007–2019); LNG‐IUS n = 12 216 (2007–2019). Up to 2006, Cu‐IUD users were less likely to be nulligravidas, more likely to be younger than 40 years of age, and with fewer years of schooling. Following introduction of LNG‐IUS, the sociodemographic characteristics of users presented major changes over time. Comparing the period 1979–2006 with 2007–2019, new users of the LNG‐IUS were more likely to be older than 40 years of age, with fewer years of completed schooling, and to be nulligravidas.ConclusionMajor changes in sociodemographic characteristics of users were noted according to preference over time. Introduction of the LNG‐IUS presents a major opportunity to increase IUD use.
Assessment of electrospun cardiac patches made with sacrificial particles and polyurethane‐polycaprolactone blends
Authors: Beck Emily C. , Jarrell Dillon K. , Lyons Anne C. , Vanderslice Ethan J. , VeDepo Mitchell C. , Jacot Jeffrey G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) are the leading cause of death in live‐born infants. Currently, patches used in the repair of CHDs are exclusively inert and non‐degradable, which increases the risk of arrhythmia, follow‐up surgeries, and sudden cardiac death. In this preliminary study, we sought to fabricate biodegradable scaffolds that can support cardiac regeneration in the repair of CHDs. We electrospun biodegradable scaffolds using various blends of polyurethane (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL) with and without sacrificial poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) particles and assessed the mechanical properties, cell infiltration levels, and inflammatory response in vitro (surface cell seeding) and in vivo (subcutaneous mouse implant). We hypothesized that a blend of the two polymers would preserve the low stiffness of PU as well as the high cell infiltration observed in PCL scaffolds. The inclusion of PU in the blends, even as low as 10%, decreased cell infiltration both in vitro and in vivo. The inclusion of sacrificial PEO increased pore sizes, reduced Young's moduli, and reduced the inflammatory response in all scaffold types. Collectively, we have concluded that a PCL patch electrospun with sacrificial PEO particles is the most promising scaffold for further assessment as in our heart defect model.
Tissue‐engineering the larynx: Effect of decellularization on human laryngeal framework and the cricoarytenoid joint
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Wafa Emad I. , Hoffman Henry , Chang Kristi , Salem Aliasger K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDecellularization approaches have been commonly used as alternative techniques to reconstruct tissues. However, due to the complex tissue compartmentation of the larynx, the decellularization process may not retain the characteristics necessary for the successful recreation of the larynx. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the decellularization process on the framework of the human cadaveric larynx generally and the cricoarytenoid joint specifically. In this work, five freshly frozen human cadaveric larynges were decellularized utilizing a protocol that was previously demonstrated to be effective in decellularizing a porcine larynx. The decellularization protocol included: biological, chemical, and physical decellularization methods. Each specimen served as its own control to assess changes after decellularization. Studies and measurements included: histological, using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Live/Dead™ stains; DNA quantification; micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT) imaging; and biomechanical testing of the cricoarytenoid joints. The decellularization protocol took 12 days for each specimen. Microscopy of H&E stained samples demonstrated substantial removal of cells with preservation of the extracellular matrix that was more evident in cartilage than muscle specimens. Confocal microscope images of Live/Dead™ stained specimens also demonstrated almost complete removal of cells. Pre‐decellularization cartilage‐DNA quantity range was 27.0 to 336.8 ng/mg while post‐decellularization DNA quantity range was 0 to 30.4 ng/mg (p = 0.031). For muscles, pre‐decellularization DNA quantity range was 150.0 to 3,384.6 ng/mg, while post‐decellularization DNA quantity range was 0 to 45.5 ng/mg (p = 0.031). μ‐CT demonstrated preservation of the cartilaginous framework with a slight reduction of cricoarytenoid joint space. Furthermore, μ‐CT demonstrated no significant reduction in the Housefield unit (p = 0.25) and mineral density (p = 0.25) after decellularization. Biomechanical testing demonstrated a non‐significant reduction of forces required for anterior displacement of the arytenoid (mean reduction of forces, 0.1 ± 0.2 N, p = 0.16) and forces required for posterior displacement of the arytenoid (mean reduction of forces, 0.2 ± 0.3 N, p = 0.05). This study demonstrates effective decellularization of human larynges as evidenced by significant DNA depletion and preservation of extracellular matrix, which are outcomes that are required for a biological scaffold to regenerate a non‐immunogenic larynx. The decellularization process caused minimal weakness in the cricoarytenoid joints due to treatment with multiple detergents and enzymes in the decellularization protocol.
Karyomorphological and SEM studies in newly discovered populations of a critically endangered medicinal plant — Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle from a high altitude protected area of north‐western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Singh Harminder , Kumar Singh Sushil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, new populations of a critically endangered Himalayan herb, Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle have been reported from Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India for the first time. Karyotypic, palynological, and spermological studies under the light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been carried out on specimens from these populations with an aim to add more knowledge to the current database of the species. Presently studied individuals depicted a diploid (2x) chromosome count of 2n = 24, which is in confirmation with the previous reports from Kashmir Himalaya. Mitotic study showed a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 2m + 2sm + 4st + 16t, that is, 2 metacentric +2 submetacentric +4 acrocentric +16 telocentric chromosomes. LM and SEM observations revealed that the pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, elliptical in polar view, and oblate with reticulate ornamentation. Based on the criteria of number, shape, and arrangement of columellae that form the muri, pollen grains in L. polyphyllum correspond to Martagon type. This is the first SEM based study on pollen grains and seeds of endangered Himalayan white lily. Based on the present ecological data collected we confirm the status of L. polyphyllum to be critically endangered in the study area.
Testing the plastic‐wrapped composting system to dispose of swine mortalities during an animal disease outbreak
Authors: Costa Tiago , Akdeniz Neslihan , Gates Richard S. , Lowe James , Zhang Yuanhui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComposting has been used to dispose of animal mortalities and infected materials, such as manure and feed, during major animal disease outbreaks. In this study, we adapted the plastic‐wrapped mortality composting system developed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency during the 2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak to compost swine mortalities. The goals of the study were to evaluate the performance of the plastic‐wrapped composting system to dispose of swine mortalities and to field test its ability to eliminate the spread of airborne pathogens through the aeration ducts. Two cover materials, ground cornstalks and woodchips, were tested using passively and actively aerated composting sheds. The mortalities were inoculated with Salmonella spp. and vaccine strains of Bovine herpesvirus‐1 and Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Air samples collected from the upper aeration duct (air outlet) during the first 10 d of composting were negative for Salmonella and the viruses tested, which indicated that aerosol transmission of the pathogens was limited. The aeration plenum placed under the mortalities helped to keep conditions aerobic, as O2 concentrations of both passively and actively aerated test units were above 11%. Actively aerated cornstalks had the highest degree‐hours (1,462 °C h d−1), which was followed by passively aerated cornstalks (1,312 °C h d−1), actively aerated woodchips (1,303 °C h d−1), and passively aerated woodchips (1,062 °C h d−1). After a 7‐wk composting period, all three pathogens were inactivated based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction test results. The mortalities were not inoculated with the African swine fever virus, but temperature data showed that if they were, the system had the potential to eliminate this virus.
Hardy–Sobolev inequality for Sobolev functions in central Herz–Morrey spaces
Authors: Mizuta Yoshihiro , Shimomura Tetsu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur aim in this paper is to establish Hardy–Sobolev inequality for Sobolev functions in central Herz–Morrey spaces. As an application, we are concerned with Sobolev‐type integral representation for a C1‐function on which vanishes on the unit ball.