bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrin-dependent Migratory Switches Regulate the Translocation of&nbsp;Toxoplasma-infected Dendritic Cells Across Brain Endothelial&nbsp;Monolayers
Authors: Ross Emily C , Barragan Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multiple cellular processes, such as immune responses and cancer cell metastasis, crucially depend on the interconversion between distinct migratory states. However, knowledge is scarce on how infectious agents impact the processes of cell migration at restrictive biological barriers. In extracellular matrix, dendritic cells (DCs) infected by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii undergo mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT) for rapid integrin-independent migration. Here, in a cellular model of the blood-brain barrier, we report that parasitised DCs shift to integrin-dependent motility and adhesion on polarised endothelium, accompanied by elevated transendothelial migration (TEM). Upon contact with endothelium, parasitised DCs dramatically reduced velocities and adhered under both static and shear stress conditions, thereby obliterating the infection-induced amoeboid motility displayed in collagen matrix. The motility of adherentparasitised DCs on endothelial monolayers was restored by blockade of β1 and β2 integrins or ICAM-1, which conversely reduced motility on collagen-coated surfaces. Moreover, parasitised DCs exhibited enhanced translocation across highly polarised primary murine brain endothelial cell monolayers. Blockade of β1, β2 integrins, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 reduced TEM frequencies. Finally, gene silencing of the pan-integrin-cytoskeleton linker talin ( Tln1 ) or of β1 integrin ( Itgb1 ) in primary DCs resulted in increased motility on endothelium and decreased TEM. Adding to the paradigms of leukocyte diapedesis, the findings provide novel insights in how an intracellular pathogen modulates the migratory properties of leukocytes in response to the cellular environment, to promote infection-related dissemination.
A Novel α‑Fe2O3/TiO2 heterostructured nanocomposite with Enhanced Visible-light Photocatalytic Performance for Degradation of Organic Pollutant
Authors: S Kavitha , R Ranjith , N Jayamani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A novel heterostructured catalyst of TiO2/α‑Fe2O3 nanocomposite (NC) was successfully fabricated by the facile hydrothermal method and mutual ultrasonication. To characterize the as-fabricated photocatalysts (PCs) by PXRD, FT-IR, HRSEM, HRTEM, UV-Vis DRS absorption, and PL spectra analysis relatively. The optical absorbance of TiO2/α‑Fe2O3 NC was measured in the wavelength range from ~ 320–800 nm and the optical bandgap (Eg) was declined from 3.21 to 2.72 eV. The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2/α‑Fe2O3 composite catalyst was assayed in the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye in the visible-light influence. The results showed that the heterostructured α‑Fe2O3/TiO2 catalyst was much faster and higher removal efficiency of MB dye (~ 92.7 %) than the other photocatalytic degradation of pristine TiO2 (33 %) and α‑Fe2O3 (47.3 %) in 100 min. The enriched photocatalytic efficiency also accredited to enlarged energy harvesting ability, enhanced in the widened absorption in visible-light region, synergistic effects produced a great number of photo-produced electron-hole (e−/h+) separation, stronger oxidation ability by hydroxyl radicals (−OH.) via the interfaces of α‑Fe2O3 dispersed TiO2 heterojunction. All these outcomes specify that the highly stable and recyclable TiO2/α‑Fe2O3 photocatalyst has the possibility of the practical application for wastewater treatment.
Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori and Influencing Factors in Yangzhou, China: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Yun , Feng Xinyi , Bian Lijun , Zhang Yan , Li Qian , Xu Yemin , She Qiang , Yan Caiwang , Lu Guotao , Wu Jian , Xiao Weiming , Ding Yanbing , Deng Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibiotic resistance pattern differs geographically, knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance pattern is key to successful eradication. The current study was performed to investigate the resistance of H. pylori to 5 commonly used antibiotics in Yangzhou.Methods: A total of 461 H. pylori strains were collected from April 2018 to September 2019 in Yangzhou and tested for their susceptibility to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline using gene chip technology.Results: The resistance rates of H. pylori to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and tetracycline were 41.0%, 44.9%, 38.8%, 6.3% and 1.1%. In addition, sixteen multiple resistance patterns were detected, and fortunately there were no strains resistant to all five antibiotics. The vacA s1 allele was detected in each strain, 64.0% of the isolates were s1/m2 genotype, 36.0% s1/m1 genotype. In multivariate analysis, history of chronic superficial gastritis was significantly associated with clarithromycin resistance, strains isolated from subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms had a significantly higher likelihood of metronidazole resistance, and antibiotic resistance of H. pylori was independent of both sex and age.Conclusion: The resistance rate of H. pylori to clarithromycin, levofloxacin and metronidazole were very high in Yangzhou, the results will help in selecting effective eradication regimens.
Achievement of Polarity Reversion From Al(Ga)-Polar to N-Polar For AlGaN Film on AlN Seeding Layer Grown By a Novel Flow-Modulation Technology
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Xiong , Fan Aijie , Chen Shuai , He Jiaqi , Nasir Abbas , Zhuang Zhe , Lyu Jiadong , Hu Guohua , Cui Yiping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
N-polar AlGaN epi-layer was realized on AlN seeding layer grown with a novel flow-modulation method. The polarity reversion from Al(Ga)-polar to N-polar for AlGaN/AlN films was confirmed by KOH etching and subsequent observation with optical microscope as well as high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) measurement. In particular, the dependence of crystalline quality and defect size in the N-polar AlGaN epi-layers on the Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio was investigated with HR-XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of the X-ray rocking curve (XRC) varied with the Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio in a "W-shape" for the N–polar AlGaN epi-layers, and a FWHM value as small as 450 arcsec was achieved for the sample grown with a V/III ratio of 988. Moreover, it was revealed by the SEM measurement that the maximum diagonal length of hexagonal cone on the surface of the N-polar AlGaN epi-layers decreased sharply when a Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio of 1,236 was used although the crystalline quality and the surface morphology of the N-polar AlGaN epi-layers were not improved simultaneously. The peculiar migration of the group-III atoms on the surface of the N-polar AlGaN epi-layer associated with the molar ratio of TMA/(TMA+TMG) was considered to be responsible for this result.
Title: The Cumulative Dose of AMF and GB is More Effective in The Amelioration of Cr(VI) Toxicity in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Than Individually
Authors: Kumar Praveen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Industrial and anthropogenic activities are the major source of heavy metal toxicants in agricultural soils. Among, heavy metal toxicants, hexavalent chromium is the most toxic toxicant that negatively affects plant’s metabolic activities and yield. It reduces the plant growth and development by influencing the antioxidant defence system’s activities. In the present experiment, two different soil applied dozes of GB viz. 50 and 100mM, and AMF, both individually and in combination were tested for their capability to ameliorate Cr toxicity in sorghum. The promotive behaviour of these treatments for antioxidant defence system was analysed at vegetative (35 DAS) and grain filling stage (95 DAS) in three varieties of sorghum viz. SSG 59-3, HJ 513 (multi-cut) and HJ 541 (single-cut) under 2 and 4 ppm Cr toxicity. At the same time resultant effects of this behaviour on Cr accumulation, grain yield and indices of oxidative stress was also studied. In this experiment antioxidant defence system includes enzymes viz. SOD, APX, CAT, GR, POD and metabolites viz. glutathione, ascorbate, proline, β-carotene and indices of oxidative stress includes parameters viz. PPO, H2O2 and MDA. The results delineated that Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress were increased with increasing concentration of Cr stress in all the varieties at both growth stages. Chromium stress at high concentration (4 ppm), decreased the grain yield (71.69 %) as compared with control. Due to 4 ppm Cr stress, PPO activity, MDA and H2O2 accumulation increased significantly (72.29 %, 73.15 %, 79 % respectively, at 35 DAS and 70.36 %, 74.78 %, 79.83 % respectively, at 95 DAS). GB and AMF individually increased antioxidant activity but in combination, further significantly increased antioxidant defence system’s activity which in turn decreased indices of oxidative stress and reduced the Cr toxicity and increased grain yield of sorghum in all varieties at both the growth stages. However, treatment of 100mM GB with AMF was observed most significant in decreasing oxidative stress and improved antioxidant system’s activities and grain yield as compared with all other treatments at both growth stages in all the varieties. SSG 59-3 cultivar showed lowest chromium content (1.60 and 8.61 ppm), indices of oxidative stress and highest antioxidant system’s activity as compared to HJ 513 followed by HJ 541 variety, at 35 and 95 DAS respectively. Thus, among the varieties SSG 59-3 was found most tolerant as compared to HJ 513 followed by HJ 541 variety. These findings suggest that both GB and AMF, either individually or combined can play a positive role to reduce oxidative stress and increased yield attributes under Cr toxicity in sorghum.
Trehalose and glucose levels regulate feeding behaviour in two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris
Authors: Wang Guang , Zhou Jing-Jiang , Li Yan , Gou Yuping , Quandahor Peter , Liu Changzhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trehalose serves multifarious roles in growth and development in insects. We have previously shown that trehalose regulates Acyrthosiphon pisum chitin metabolism. Accordingly, we hypothesize here that trehalose-regulated A. pisum responses in chitin metabolism might also include trehalose-regulated feeding behaviour to involve in chitin metabolism. When RNA interference (RNAi) of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene increased the percentage of E2 (i.e. phloem ingestion) waveform and decreased the percentage of F (i.e. stylet work) and G (i.e. xylem ingestion) waveforms compared with the control A. pisum. RNAi of trehalase gene did not affect the percentage of each waveform compared with the control A. pisum. The high trehalose and glucose diets increased the percentage of E2 waveform of red A. pisum. The multiple nonlinear regression shown that the both low trehalose and glucose levels increased the percentage of np (i.e. non-probing), E1 (i.e. phloem salivation), and E2 waveforms. The high or low trehalose:glucose (T:G) ratio decreased the percentage of np, E1, and E2. Interestingly, the percentage of C (i.e. probing), F and, G waveforms were increased at low, low, and high T:G ratio, respectively. The results provided strong evidence that the trehalose and glucose levels regulate A. pisum feeding behavior.
Transcriptomic analysis of caecal tissue in inbred chicken lines that exhibit heritable differences in resistance to Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Russell Kay M. , Smith Jacqueline , Bremner Abi , Chintoan-Uta Cosmin , Vervelde Lonneke , Psifidi Androniki , Stevens Mark P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and the handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a key source of infection. Selective breeding of poultry that exhibit elevated resistance to Campylobacter is an attractive control strategy. Here we studied the global transcriptional response of inbred chicken lines that differ in resistance to C. jejuni colonisation at a key site of bacterial persistence.
Results

Three-week-old chickens of line 61 and N were inoculated orally with C. jejuni strain M1 and caecal contents and tonsils were sampled at 1 and 5 days post-infection. Caecal colonisation was significantly lower in line 61 compared to line N at 1 day post-infection, but not 5 days post-infection. RNA-Seq analysis of caecal tonsils of both lines revealed a limited response to C. jejuni infection compared to age-matched uninfected controls. In line N at days 1 and 5 post-infection, just 8 and 3 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (fold-change > 2 and false-discovery rate of < 0.05) relative to uninfected controls, respectively. In the relatively resistant line 61, a broader response to C. jejuni was observed, with 69 DEGs relating to immune regulation, cell signalling and metabolism at 1 day post-infection. However, by day 5 post-infection, no DEGs were detected. By far, the greatest number of DEGs were between uninfected birds of the two lines implying that differential resistance to C. jejuni is intrinsic. Of these genes, several Major Histocompatibility Complex class I-related genes (MHCIA1, MHCBL2 and MHCIY) and antimicrobial peptides (MUC2, AvBD10 and GZMA) were expressed to a greater extent in line N. Two genes within quantitative trait loci associated with C. jejuni colonisation were also more highly expressed in line N (ASIC4 and BZFP2). Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis of a subset of transcripts confirmed the RNA-Seq results.
Conclusions

Our data indicate a limited transcriptional response in the caecal tonsils of inbred chickens to intestinal colonisation by Campylobacter but identify a large number of differentially transcribed genes between lines 61 and N that may underlie variation in heritable resistance to C. jejuni.
Effect of Photobiomodulation in Secondary Intention Gingival Wound Healing - a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ebrahimi Pooya , Hadilou Mahdi , Naserneysari Ferdos , Dolatabadi Amirmohammad , Tarzemany Rana , Vahed Nafiseh , Nikniaz Leila , Fekrazad Reza , Gholami Leila 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Photobiomodulation is widely being used to improve the wound healing process in dentistry and a vast majority of studies have proven its benefits. But there are plenty of knowledge gaps according to the optimal laser characteristics which should be used to maximize the healing effects of lasers. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapies to evaluate secondary intention gingival wound healing and post-operative pain.Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences) were searched up to November 30, 2020, for clinical trials that reported the result of the application of PBM on secondary gingival healing wounds and post-operative pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies and the outcomes of interest were extracted. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results: Ultimately, twelve studies were included in this review. The application of PBM as an adjunct to periodontal surgeries resulted in a significant improvement in wound healing indices. The Landry wound healing index at the 7th post-operative day was significantly improved (SMD = 1.044 [95% CI: 0.62 to 1.46]; p<0.01) in PBM + surgery groups compared to the control groups. There was also a statistically significant increase in the complete wound epithelialization (RR = 3.23 [95% CI: 1.66 to 6.31]; p<0.01) at the 14th post-operative day compared to the control groups. The methods used to assess the post-operative pain were heterogeneous, and therefore the results were limited which made the meta-analysis for post-operative pain assessment not possible.Conclusion: Based on the results of this review, PBM can be effectively used as a method to improve secondary intention wound healing. High-quality randomized clinical trials, however, are needed in the future to identify the optimal PBM irradiation parameters and the effect of PBM on post-operative pain.
Identification of a Two-Component System Important for Cell Division of the Rice Pathogen Burkholderia glumae in Response to Nutrient Conditions
Authors: Marunga Joan , Goo Eunhye , Kang Yongsung , Hwang Ingyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bacterial two-component regulatory systems control the expression of sets of genes to coordinate physiological functions in response to environmental cues. Here, we report that a genetically linked but functionally unpaired two-component system comprising the sensor kinase GluS (BGLU_1G13350) and the response regulator GluR (BGLU_1G13360) is critical for cell division in the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae BGR1. The gluR null mutant, unlike the gluS mutant, formed filamentous cells in Luria–Bertani medium and was sensitive to exposure to 42°C. Expression of genes responsible for cell division and cell-wall (dcw) biosynthesis in the gluR mutant was elevated compared to the wild type, resulting in an imbalance between FtsZ and FtsA. GluR-His bound to the putative promoter regions of ftsA and ftsZ, indicating that repression of genes in the dcw cluster by GluR is critical for cell division in B. glumae. The gluR mutant did not form filamentous cells in M9 minimal medium, whereas exogenous addition of glutamine or glutamate to the medium induced filamentous cell formation. These results implicate glutamine and glutamate as external stimuli that modulate GluR-mediated cell division in B. glumae. Therefore, GluR controls cell division of B. glumae in a nutrition-dependent manner.
&nbsp;Genome-Wide Analysis of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Family in The Autopolyploid Saccharum Spontaneum: An Exploration of Dominance Expression and Stress Response&nbsp;
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yang Xiping , Feng Mengfang , Ding Hongyan , Tahir Khan Muhammad , Zhang Jisen , Zhang Muqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Sugarcane (Saccharum) is the most important sugar crop in the world. As one of the most enriched transcription factor families in plants, MYB genes display a great potential to contribute to sugarcane improvement by trait modification. We have identified the sugarcane MYB gene family at a whole-genome level through systematic evolution analyses and expression profiling. R2R3-MYB is a large subfamily involved in many plant-specific processes. Results: A total of 202 R2R3-MYB genes (356 alleles) were identified in the polyploid Saccharum spontaneum genome and classified into 15 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. The sugarcane MYB family had more members by a comparative analysis in sorghum and significant advantages among most plants, especially grasses. Collinearity analysis revealed that 70% of the SsR2R3-MYB genes had experienced duplication events, logically suggesting the contributors to the MYB gene family expansion. Functional characterization was performed to identify 56 SsR2R3-MYB genes involved in various plant bioprocesses with expression profiling analysis on 60 RNA-seq databases. We identified 22 MYB genes specifically expressed in the stem, of which MYB43, MYB53, MYB65, MYB78, and MYB99 were validated by qPCR. Allelic expression dominance in the stem was more significant than that in the leaf, implying the differential expression of alleles may be responsible for the high expression of MYB in the stem. MYB169, MYB181, MYB192 were identified as candidate C4 photosynthetic regulators by C4 expression pattern and robust circadian oscillations. Furthermore, stress expression analysis showed that MYB36, MYB48, MYB54, MYB61 actively responded to drought treatment; 19 and 10 MYB genes were involved in response to the sugarcane pokkah boeng and mosaic disease, respectively. Conclusions: A Genome-wide expression analysis demonstrated that SsMYB genes were involved in stem development and stress response. This study largely contributed to understanding the extent to which MYB transcription factors investigate regulatory mechanisms and functional divergence in sugarcane.
Effects of Constant and Diel Cyclic Temperatures on The Liver and Intestinal Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss During Seawater Acclimation
Authors: Ge Jian , Zhou Yangen , Huang Ming , Gao Qinfeng , Dong Yunwei , Dong Shuanglin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Rainbow trout is an important economic fish in aquaculture and a model species in environmental physiology. Despite of earlier research on the seawater adaptability of rainbow trout at different temperature regimes, the influence on liver and intestine in this species is still unknown. Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of constant and diel cyclic temperatures on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition in the liver and intestine of rainbow trout during seawater acclimation.Results: At the end of the growth trial 1, fish at 9 and 12.5°C showed significantly higher ratios of unsaturated to saturated (U/S) and unsaturation index (UI) than those at 16°C in liver and intestine phospholipids. After day 1 of seawater acclimation, the U/S, UI, and average chain length (ACL) of liver and intestine phospholipids in fish at 16°C significantly increased. Two weeks after seawater acclimation, liver and intestinal PLFA composition adapted to salinity change. In trial 2, significantly higher U/S, UI, and ACL were found in intestinal phospholipids at 13±2°C. On the first day after seawater acclimation, UI and ACL in liver phospholipids significantly increased in 13°C, while fish in 13±2°C showed significantly decreased U/S, UI, and ACL in the intestine. At the end of the growth trial 2, liver PLFA compositions were stable, whereas intestinal PLFA in 13 and 13±1°C showed significantly decreased U/S, UI, and ACL. A two-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis revealed significant effects of different constant temperatures, seawater acclimation, and their interaction on the liver and intestinal phospholipids, a significant effect of diel cyclic temperature on intestinal phospholipids, and the effects of seawater acclimation and its interaction with diel cyclic temperature on liver phospholipids.Conclusion: Temperatures of 9 and 12.5°C could elevate membrane fluidity and thickness in the liver and intestine of rainbow trout in freshwater, whereas no significant effects were found with diel temperature variations. After seawater acclimation, constant and diel cyclic temperatures significantly influenced the liver and intestine's membrane fluidity and thickness. Compared with constant temperature, diel temperature variation (13±2°C) can enhance the adaptability of rainbow trout during seawater acclimation.