bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic dispensing knowledge and practice among dispensing staff working in pharmacies near teaching hospitals in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Karki Kshitij , Kumar Neupane Aashish , Raj Singh Devendra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess antibiotic dispensing knowledge and practice among dispensing staff who may or may not have a formal pharmacy qualification working in pharmacies near teaching hospitals in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Methods
A face-to-face cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 dispensing staff. The data were analysed using SPSS 20 to measure descriptive statistics and logistic regressions.

Key findings
Among 220 participants, half of them (50.0%) had inadequate knowledge and slightly less than half of the participants (46.4%) had poor antibiotics dispensing practices.

Conclusions
The government authority should develop and implement a plan for continuous professional education programmes and frequent monitoring of pharmacies to address inadequate antibiotic dispensing knowledge and poor practice.
Evaluation of the Treatment of Aspiration Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Streck Haley L , Goldman Jennifer L , Lee Brian R , Sheets Justin M , Wirtz Ann L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Aspiration pneumonia (AP) treatment is variable with limited available guidance on optimal antibiotic choice and duration. This study evaluated the impact of antibiotic regimen and duration on treatment failure for AP in children and correlated the effects of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) interventions on treatment duration.

Methods
Hospitalized children who received antibiotics for AP were identified through an existing ASP repository. Diagnosis was confirmed through ASP documentation with either an international classification of diseases 9/10 code or physician diagnosis of AP. Incidence of treatment failure (necrotizing pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, or retreatment) was compared between patients receiving shorter (≤7 days) vs longer (&gt;7 days) course of antibiotics and between various empiric/final antibiotic regimens utilized. Duration of treatment was evaluated in patients with or without an ASP intervention.

Results
Four hundred and nineteen treatment courses for AP were included. Nineteen episodes (4.5%) of treatment failure were identified. No difference in treatment failure was observed between shorter vs longer courses (8 vs 11 episodes). An aminopenicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor was most frequently utilized for both empiric (47.2%) and final treatment (67.5%). Treatment failure rates did not differ with length of intravenous therapy nor empiric/final antibiotic regimen chosen. ASP interventions targeting duration were associated with significantly shorter courses (6.28 vs 7.46 days; P = .04).

Conclusions
Shorter courses of antibiotics did not result in more treatment failure for AP when compared to longer courses. Neither antibiotic choice nor route impacted treatment failure rates. ASPs may optimize the treatment of pediatric AP.
Intestinal necrosis and sigmoid colon obstruction due to bilateral strangulated femoral hernia in a male: a rare surgical and anatomic case report
Authors: Zarokosta Maria , Paraskevas George , Chrysanthou Chrysanthos , Piperos Theodoros , Foutsitzi Aikaterini , Nikas Dimitris , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bilateral femoral hernia is a peculiar clinical condition, with female predominance, with only a few cases reported in the literature. There are only two cases of bilateral strangulated femoral hernias, and these occur solely in females. To our knowledge, in the present manuscript, a bilateral strangulated femoral hernia in a male patient is reported for the first time. A 68-year-old male proceeded to the emergency department of our institution with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent emergency laparotomy revealed obstruction of the sigmoid colon and simultaneous necrosis of several loops of the small intestine due to bilateral strangulated femoral hernia. The operation was uneventful. Despite the scarcity of this clinical condition, surgeons’ awareness is fundamental, in addition to deep knowledge of the pathology and the anatomy of femoral hernias, in order to diagnose and treat adequately strangulated and incarcerated femoral hernias.
DNACPR decisions during Covid-19: An empirical and analytical study
Authors: Bows Hannah , Herring Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Considerable concern has arisen during the Covid pandemic over the use of Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decisions (DNACPRs) in England and Wales, particularly around the potential blanket application of them on older adults and those with learning disabilities. In this article, we set out the legal background to DNACPRs in England and the concerns raised during Covid. We also report on an empirical study that examined the use of DNACPRs across 23 Trusts in England, which found overall increases in the number of patients with a DNACPR decision during the two main Covid ‘waves’ (23 March 2020–31 January 2021) compared with the previous year. We found that these increases were largest among those in mid-life age groups, despite older patients (in particular, older women) having a higher number of DNACPR decisions overall. However, further analysis revealed that DNACPR decisions remained fairly consistent with regard to patient sex and age, with small reductions seen in the oldest age groups. We found that a disproportionate number of Black Caribbean patients had a DNACPR decision. Overall, approximately one in five patients was not consulted about the DNACPR decision, but during the first Covid wave more patients were consulted than pre-Covid.
Eccentricity driving of pebble accreting low-mass planets
Authors: Velasco Romero David A , Masset Frédéric S , Teyssier Romain 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
By means of high-resolution hydrodynamical, three-dimensional calculations with nested-meshes, we evaluate the eccentricity reached by a low-mass, luminous planet embedded in an inviscid disc with constant thermal diffusivity and subjected to thermal forces. We find that a cell size of at most 1/10th of the size of the region heated by the planet is required to get converged results. When the planet’s luminosity is supercritical, we find that it reaches an eccentricity of the order of 10−2–10−1, which increases with the luminosity and broadly scales with the disc’s aspect ratio. Restricting our study to the case of pebble accretion, we incorporate to our model the dependence of the accretion rate of pebbles on the eccentricity. There is therefore a feedback between eccentricity, which determines the accretion rate and hence the planet’s luminosity, and the luminosity, which yields the eccentricity attained through thermal forces. We solve for the steady-state eccentricity and study how this quantity depends on the disc’s turbulence strength parameter αz, on the dimensionless stopping time of the pebbles τs, on the inward mass flux of pebbles and on the headwind (the difference between the gas velocity and the Keplerian velocity). We find that, in general, low-mass planets (up to a few Earth masses) reach eccentricities comparable to the disc’s aspect ratio, or a sizeable fraction of the latter. Eccentric, low-mass protoplanets should therefore be the norm rather than the exception, even if they orbit far from other planets or from large-scale disturbances in the disc.
The Magellanic Edges Survey – II. Formation of the LMC’s northern arm
Authors: Cullinane L R , Mackey A D , Da Costa G S , Erkal D , Koposov S E , Belokurov V 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The highly-substructured outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds provide ideal locations for studying the complex interaction history between both Clouds and the Milky Way (MW). In this paper, we investigate the origin of a &gt;20° long arm-like feature in the northern outskirts of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using data from the Magellanic Edges Survey (MagES) and Gaia EDR3. We find that the arm has a similar geometry and metallicity to the nearby outer LMC disc, indicating that it is comprised of perturbed disc material. Whilst the azimuthal velocity and velocity dispersions along the arm are consistent with those in the outer LMC, the in-plane radial velocity and out-of-plane vertical velocity are significantly perturbed from equilibrium disc kinematics. We compare these observations to a new suite of dynamical models of the Magellanic/MW system, which describe the LMC as a collection of tracer particles within a rigid potential, and the SMC as a rigid Hernquist potential. Our models indicate the tidal force of the MW during the LMC’s infall is likely responsible for the observed increasing out-of-plane velocity along the arm. Our models also suggest close LMC/SMC interactions within the past Gyr, particularly the SMC’s pericentric passage ∼150 Myr ago and a possible SMC crossing of the LMC disc plane ∼400 Myr ago, likely do not perturb stars that today comprise the arm. Historical interactions with the SMC prior to ∼1 Gyr ago may be required to explain some of the observed kinematic properties of the arm, in particular its strongly negative in-plane radial velocity.
Nested spheroidal figures of equilibrium I. Approximate solutions for rigid rotations
Authors: Huré J-M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We discuss the equilibrium conditions for a body made of two homogeneous components separated by oblate spheroidal surfaces and in relative motion. While exact solutions are not permitted for rigid rotation (unless a specific ambient pressure), approximations can be obtained for configurations involving a small confocal parameter. The problem then admits two families of solutions, depending on the pressure along the common interface (constant or quadratic with the cylindrical radius). We give in both cases the pressure and the rotation rates as a function of the fractional radius, ellipticities, and mass–density jump. Various degrees of flattening are allowed but there are severe limitations for global rotation, as already known from classical theory (e.g. impossibility of confocal and coelliptical solutions, gradient of ellipticity outward). States of relative rotation are much less constrained, but these require a mass–density jump. This analytical approach compares successfully with the numerical solutions obtained from the self-consistent-field method. Practical formula are derived in the limit of small ellipticities appropriate for slowly rotating star/planet interiors.
A high-resolution view of the filament of gas between Abell 399 and Abell 401 from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and MUSTANG-2
Authors: Hincks Adam D , Radiconi Federico , Romero Charles , Madhavacheril Mathew S , Mroczkowski Tony , Austermann Jason E , Barbavara Eleonora , Battaglia Nicholas , Battistelli Elia , Bond J Richard , Calabrese Erminia , de Bernardis Paolo , Devlin Mark J , Dicker Simon R , Duff Shannon M , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J , Dunkley Jo , Dünner Rolando , Gallardo Patricio A , Govoni Federica , Hill J Colin , Hilton Matt , Hubmayr Johannes , Hughes John P , Lamagna Luca , Lokken Martine , Masi Silvia , Mason Brian S , McMahon Jeff , Moodley Kavilan , Murgia Matteo , Naess Sigurd , Page Lyman , Piacentini Francesco , Salatino Maria , Sarazin Craig L , Schillaci Alessandro , Sievers Jonathan L , Sifón Cristóbal , Staggs Suzanne , Ullom Joel N , Vacca Valentina , Van Engelen Alexander , Vissers Michael R , Wollack Edward J , Xu Zhilei 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWe report a significant detection of the hot intergalactic medium in the filamentary bridge connecting the galaxy clusters Abell 399 and Abell 401. This result is enabled by a low-noise, high-resolution map of the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich signal from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck satellite. The ACT data provide the 1.65 arcmin resolution that allows us to clearly separate the profiles of the clusters, whose centres are separated by 37 arcmin, from the gas associated with the filament. A model that fits for only the two clusters is ruled out compared to one that includes a bridge component at &gt;5σ. Using a gas temperature determined from Suzaku X-ray data, we infer a total mass of $(3.3\pm 0.7)\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ associated with the filament, comprising about 8 per cent of the entire Abell 399–Abell 401 system. We fit two phenomenological models to the filamentary structure; the favoured model has a width transverse to the axis joining the clusters of ${\sim }1.9\, \mathrm{Mpc}$. When combined with the Suzaku data, we find a gas density of $(0.88\pm 0.24)\times 10^{-4}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$, considerably lower than previously reported. We show that this can be fully explained by a geometry in which the axis joining Abell 399 and Abell 401 has a large component along the line of sight, such that the distance between the clusters is significantly greater than the $3.2\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ projected separation on the plane of the sky. Finally, we present initial results from higher resolution (12.7 arcsec effective) imaging of the bridge with the MUSTANG-2 receiver on the Green Bank Telescope.
Restoration of images with a spatially varying PSF of the T80-S telescope optical model using neural networks
Authors: Bernardi Rafael L , Berdja Amokrane , Guzmán Christian Dani , Torres-Torriti Miguel , Roth Martin M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTMost image restoration methods in astronomy rely upon probabilistic tools that infer the best solution for a deconvolution problem. They achieve good performances when the point spread function (PSF) is spatially invariant in the image plane. However, this condition is not always satisfied in real optical systems. We propose a new method for the restoration of images affected by static and anisotropic aberrations using Deep Neural Networks that can be directly applied to sky images. The network is trained using simulated sky images corresponding to the T80-S Telescope optical model, a 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile), which are synthesized using a Zernike polynomial representation of the optical system. Once trained, the network can be used directly on sky images, outputting a corrected version of the image that has a constant and known PSF across its field of view. The method is to be tested on the T80-S Telescope. We present the method and results on synthetic data.
H i IM correlation function from UNIT simulations: BAO and observationally induced anisotropy
Authors: Avila Santiago , Vos-Ginés Bernhard , Cunnington Steven , Stevens Adam R H , Yepes Gustavo , Knebe Alexander , Chuang Chia-Hsun 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the clustering of H i intensity maps (IM) produced from simulations with a focus on baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAOs) and the effects induced by telescope beam smoothing and foreground cleaning. We start by creating an H i catalogue at z = 1.321 based on the Semi-Analytic Galaxy Evolution (SAGE) model applied to the UNIT simulations. With this catalogue, we investigate the relation between model H i and the dark matter haloes and we also study the abundance of H i, $\Omega _\rm{H \small {\rm I}}$, predicted by this model. We then create synthetic H i IM with a nearest-grid-point approach. In order to simulate the telescope beam effect, a Gaussian smoothing is applied on the plane perpendicular to the line of sight. The effect of foreground removal methods is simulated by exponentially damping the largest wavelength Fourier modes on the radial direction. We study the anisotropic 2-point correlation function (2PCF) ξ(r⊥, r∥) and how it is affected by the aforementioned observational effects. In order to better isolate the BAO signal, we study several 2PCF μ-wedges (with a restricted range of orientations μ) tailored to address the systematics effects and we compare them with different definitions of radial 2PCFs. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of an SKA-like survey, finding a clear BAO signal in most of the estimators here proposed.
Interpretation of network-based integration from multi-omics longitudinal data
Authors: Bodein Antoine , Scott-Boyer Marie-Pier , Perin Olivier , Lê Cao Kim-Anh , Droit Arnaud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multi-omics integration is key to fully understand complex biological processes in an holistic manner. Furthermore, multi-omics combined with new longitudinal experimental design can unreveal dynamic relationships between omics layers and identify key players or interactions in system development or complex phenotypes. However, integration methods have to address various experimental designs and do not guarantee interpretable biological results. The new challenge of multi-omics integration is to solve interpretation and unlock the hidden knowledge within the multi-omics data. In this paper, we go beyond integration and propose a generic approach to face the interpretation problem. From multi-omics longitudinal data, this approach builds and explores hybrid multi-omics networks composed of both inferred and known relationships within and between omics layers. With smart node labelling and propagation analysis, this approach predicts regulation mechanisms and multi-omics functional modules. We applied the method on 3 case studies with various multi-omics designs and identified new multi-layer interactions involved in key biological functions that could not be revealed with single omics analysis. Moreover, we highlighted interplay in the kinetics that could help identify novel biological mechanisms. This method is available as an R package netOmics to readily suit any application.
Rational design ofStriga hermonthica-specific seed germination inhibitors
Authors: Zarban Randa A , Hameed Umar F Shahul , Jamil Muhammad , Ota Tsuyoshi , Wang Jian You , Arold Stefan T , Asami Tadao , Al-Babili Salim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe obligate hemiparasitic weed Striga hermonthica grows on cereal roots and presents a severe threat to global food security by causing enormous yield losses, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The rapidly increasing Striga seed bank in infested soils provides a major obstacle in controlling this weed. Striga seeds require host-derived strigolactones (SLs) for germination, and corresponding antagonists could be used as germination inhibitors. Recently, we demonstrated that the common detergent Triton X-100 is a specific inhibitor of Striga seed germination by binding noncovalently to its receptor, S. hermonthica HYPO-SENSITIVE TO LIGHT 7 (ShHTL7), without blocking the rice (Oryza sativa) SL receptor DWARF14 (OsD14). Moreover, triazole ureas, the potent covalently binding antagonists of rice SL perception with much higher activity toward OsD14, showed inhibition of Striga but were less specific. Considering that Triton X-100 is not suitable for field application and by combining structural elements of Triton and triazole urea, we developed two hybrid compounds, KK023-N1 and KK023-N2, as potential Striga-specific germination inhibitors. Both compounds blocked the hydrolysis activity of ShHTL7 but did not affect that of OsD14. Binding of KK023-N1 diminished ShHTL7 interaction with S. hermonthica MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 2, a major component in SL signal transduction, and increased ShHTL7 thermal specificity. Docking studies indicate that KK023-N1 binding is not covalent but is caused by hydrophobic interactions. Finally, in vitro and greenhouse tests revealed specific inhibition of Striga seed germination, which led to a 38% reduction in Striga infestation in pot experiments. These findings reveal that KK023-N1 is a potential candidate for combating Striga and a promising basis for rational design and development of further Striga-specific herbicides.
The Lived Experience of Patients with an Ostomy: A Pilot Study on the Effect of Ostomy Pouch Opacity
Authors: Heerschap Corey , Duff Victoria 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects of ostomy pouch opacity on the lived experience of patients with ostomies in the postoperative period.

METHODS
This qualitative, descriptive phenomenology study used purposive sampling to recruit seven participants who were inpatients in an acute care facility in Central Ontario, Canada, after their first ostomy surgery. Face-to-face, audio-recorded, semistructured interviews were used to collect data regarding patient experience with either a transparent or opaque ostomy pouch. Data were collected between August and November 2019. Audio tapes were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis technique focused on describing patient lived experience.

RESULTS
Five themes were discovered: “undercover,” “fiscal consideration,” “past medical experience,” “self-esteem,” and “functionality.” Most participants focused on appliance functionality over pouch opacity in the immediate postoperative period. However, participants did describe difficulties adjusting to their new stoma and noted that an opaque pouch can improve postoperative comfort. Past exposure to medical devices, particularly in terms of their cost, may impact the decision to use a transparent or opaque pouching system.

CONCLUSIONS
Pouching systems that are opaque while still allowing for assessment of the pouching contents and stoma are ideal. When this is not available, providers should consider the patient’s wishes to alleviate any psychosocial effects the opacity of the pouching system may have.
Pulmonary function testing for the primary care nurse practitioner
Authors: Smith Whitney , Chinnis Simone , Durham Catherine , Fowler Terri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Knowledge of which pulmonary function tests are commonly performed in primary care and interpretation of their results is integral for the diagnosis, care, and management of those with pulmonary symptoms. This article provides an overview of the most common pulmonary function tests and interpretation of their results.
Antiretroviral therapies and corticosteroids
Authors: Cadet Myriam Jean 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Antiretroviral therapies for HIV may cause systemic toxicities when coadministered with corticosteroids. Potential drug-drug interactions may occur, leading to iatrogenic Cushing syndrome or adrenal insufficiency. This article highlights the drug-drug interactions of antiretroviral therapies with corticosteroids. Practice implications are discussed.
Navigating Ethical Challenges for Pediatric Sickle Cell Pain Management in the Context of the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Mulchan Siddika S. , Wakefield Emily O. , Martin Sarah R. , Ayr-Volta Lauren , Krenicki Kayla , Zempsky William T. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The aim was to describe the impact of the opioid epidemic on pain management practices in pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) and propose a conceptual framework for navigating ethical decision-making in pediatric sickle cell pain management.

Methods:
A review of the literature on ethical challenges in the management of sickle cell pain was conducted and considered in the context of the opioid epidemic and psychosocial factors affecting youth with SCD. The Integrated Ethical Framework for Pain Management (IEFPM) was applied to pediatric sickle cell pain management using a clinical case example.

Results:
Implicit bias, health-related stigma, and potential neurocognitive impairment all present unique challenges in ethical decision-making for youth with SCD. National guidelines for prescribing opioid medication may complicate providers’ clinical decision-making and affect their sickle cell pain management practices. The IEFPM was found to be applicable to ethical decision-making for pediatric sickle cell pain and captures both patient-related and provider-related aspects of clinical pain management.

Discussion:
The opioid epidemic has exacerbated existing ethical challenges for pain management among youth with SCD. The IEFPM provides a conceptual model that can be integrated into health care settings to facilitate ethical decision-making and promote greater health equity in the clinical management of pediatric sickle cell pain.