bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affinité, proximité et précarité : trois effets de la frontière Politique de la ville en France sur les relations entre jeunes et acteurs associatifs
Authors: Bordiec Sylvain 
Published: April 2021

Cet article se propose d’étudier les relations sociales spécifiques et, partant, les formes d’ouverture du champ des possibles relationnels que favorise le ciblage de certains espaces urbains par l’action publique territorialisée. À partir des enseignements d’une enquête menée entre 2003 et 2010 dans un quartier de Paris partiellement intégré à la géographie prioritaire de la Politique de la ville, l’article interroge tout particulièrement le rapport entre la frontière administrative dans la ville que dessine cette intégration et la définition de l’existence des acteurs associatifs de la jeunesse et de leurs publics. L’analyse historique de l’encadrement de la jeunesse dans cet espace – l’intégration de la zone à la Politique de la ville génère une multiplication d’associations animées par des bénévoles et principalement financées par les crédits spécifiques dédiées à cette action publique –, l’étude des conditions de l’implantation de l’une de ces associations, l’exploration des trajectoires de deux de ses acteurs, un bénévole fondateur et un membre du public juvénile et, enfin, la mise au jour des formes de leur relation montrent que cette frontière administrative peut révéler des affinités entre acteurs et impulser des « relations de proximité » participant du maintien de leurs protagonistes dans des formes de précarité professionnelle et sociale. Cette « proximité » n’épuise pas la multiplicité des relations rendues possibles par la gestion territorialisée de la question sociale – l’entretien dans la précarité pour les uns n’est pas exclusif de processus d’insertion scolaire, professionnelle et sociale pour les autres. Cependant, l'étude des ressorts, des formes et des effets de cette relation est un puissant instrument d’analyse de la manière dont ce type d’action publique commande les inscriptions dans l’espace et les participations aux institutions.
L’influence du groupe de pairs sur la consommation de substances psychoactives licites et illicites à l’adolescence
Authors: Spach Miléna 
Published: April 2021

L’adolescence est une période de construction d’identité en interaction avec les pairs, mais qui peut être aussi un moment d’initiation à la consommation de substances psychoactives licites et illicites. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier l’influence des pairs et du groupe de pairs dans les consommations d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis chez des adolescents. Les données sont issues d’un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré diffusé sur les réseaux sociaux par la procédure d’échantillonnage « boule de neige ». L’échantillon se compose de 518 adolescents français âgés de 14 à 17 ans. Les résultats révèlent la forte influence du nombre de pairs perçus comme des consommateurs de substances psychoactives sur l’expérimentation et la fréquence de consommation d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis. À l’inverse, une taille élevée du groupe de pairs ou un désir, pour un adolescent, d’acquérir un statut social supérieur dans le groupe de pairs exerce des effets protecteurs sur la consommation occasionnelle ou régulière de tabac. Enfin, plus un adolescent entretient de bonnes relations avec ses pairs, moins il sera sujet à une consommation occasionnelle ou régulière de tabac ou de cannabis.
The effects of vegetable pickling conditions on the dynamics of microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Sawada Kazunori , Koyano Hitoshi , Yamamoto Nozomi , Yamada Takuji 
Published: April 2021

Background
Salting is a traditional procedure for producing pickled vegetables. Salting can be used as a pretreatment, for safe lactic acid fermentation and for salt stock preparation. This study aimed to provide valuable knowledge to improve pickle production by investigating the dynamics of microbiota and metabolites during the pretreatment and salt stock preparation processes, which have previously been overlooked. The differences in these process conditions would be expected to change the microbiota and consequently influence the content of metabolites in pickles.

Methods
Samples, collected from eight commercial pickle manufacturers in Japan, consisted of the initial raw materials, pickled vegetables and used brine. The microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the metabolites quantified by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses helped to identify any significant differences between samples from the initial raw materials, pretreatment process and salt stock preparation process groups.

Results
Under pretreatment conditions, aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were predominant, including Vibrio, a potentially undesirable genus for pickle production. Under salt stock preparation conditions, the presence of halophilic bacteria, Halanaerobium, suggested their involvement in the increase in pyruvate derivatives such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). PICRUSt analysis indicated that the enhanced production of BCAA in salt stock was caused not by quantitative but by qualitative differences in the biosynthetic pathway of BCAA in the microbiota.

Conclusion
The differences in the microbiota between pretreatment and previously studied lactic acid fermentation processes emphasized the importance of anaerobic conditions and low pH under moderate salinity conditions for assuring safe pickle production. The results from the salt stock preparation process suggested that the Halanaerobium present may provide a key enzyme in the BCAA biosynthetic pathway which prefers NADH as a coenzyme. This feature can enhance BCAA production under anaerobic conditions where NADH is in excess. The effects shown in this study will be important for adjusting pickling conditions by changing the abundance of bacteria to improve the quality of pickled vegetables.
Performance of Egyptian Cotton Exports in the Global Markets
Authors: Elsamie Mohamed A. , Zhou Deyi 
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on the performance of Egyptian Cotton Exports in the global markets, and the important situation of those Exports in these Markets. ,The results show that quantity and value of Egyptian cotton Exports to the global markets has taken a decreasing trend during the study period, Also, we show that the relative importance of value of Egyptian cotton Exports when compared to value of Total Exports has taken a decreasing, the relative importance of value of Egyptian cotton Exports when compared to value of Agricultural Exports has taken a decreasing, quantity, value and import price of cotton imports has taken an increasing trend during the study period, Also the results show that value of cotton spinning Exports has taken an increasing trend , quantity and value of the cotton textile Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity and value of the cotton knitwear products Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity and value of the Cotton clothing Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity and value of the Medical cotton Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity of the manufactured cotton products Exports has taken an increasing trend of 8.08 thousand tons, by 5.13% from the annual average of quantity of the manufactured cotton products Exports during the study period, Value of the manufactured cotton products Exports has taken an increasing trend of 81.2 million US$, by 5.91% of the annual average of Value of the manufactured cotton products Exports during the study period .
Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants among Nigeria Citizens: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Eniade Olanrewaju Davies , Olarinmoye Abayomi , Otovwe Agofure , Akintunde Funke E. , Okedare Omowumi O. , Aniyeloye Adebukola O. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The peculiarity in Nigerians’ demographic, socio-economic and cultural pattern necessitated the need to explore potential COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study investigated the determinants of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.
Methods: An online cross-sectional study among the general population in Nigeria. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire. A total of 368 individuals participated in the research. The outcome variable was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine coded as “Yes=1 and No=0.” Basic socio-demographic information of participants and other information related to COVID-19 were obtained. Stata MP 14 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented, test of association were carried out using chi square and a binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. All analyses were performed at 5% level of significance.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.4 + 9.65 years. Majority of the study participants were female (58.9%), Yoruba (74.7%) and dwellers of urban area (68.5%). Also, 85.6% have attained tertiary level of education. Two-fifth (40.5%) of respondent reported their willingness to take the COVID-19 if made available. Majority (69.8%) of those that are willing to take the vaccine would prefer a live attenuated form and 39.6% would prefer the vaccine administered intramuscularly.
Age group≥40 years (AOR: 5.20, CI: 1.02- 26.41), currently married (AOR: 2.81, CI: 1.05 – 7.53) and susceptibility to COVID 19 infection (AOR: 2.52, CI: 1.21 – 5.26) were associated with likelihood of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that majority were at risk of COVID-19 infection, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was low among Nigerians. Level of maturity in terms of age and marriage as well as susceptibility to COVID-19 infection increased the likelihood of accepting COVID-19 infection. In Furtherance, younger ones, unmarried and non-susceptible individual may require more efforts tailored towards enrichment of understanding about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine in other to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.
Frequency domain analysis of the mirror‐modified filtered‐x least mean squares algorithm with low ambient noise
Authors: Lopes Paulo A. C. , Gerald José A. B. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe mirror‐modified filtered‐x least mean squares (MMFxLMS ) algorithm is a variation of the FxLMS algorithm with online secondary path modeling that cannot diverge due to secondary path modeling errors. However, problems may occur when the ambient noise is not limited due to insufficient modeling power. This work shows that under a frequency domain analysis without ambient noise, the MMFxLMS algorithm is always stable, and expressions for the maximum residual noise level at any given time are obtained. It is also shown that, under the same context, convergence to the minimum residual noise is guaranteed. Still, convergence can be much slower for high secondary path modeling errors than that of the LMS or MFxLMS algorithms. Simulations confirm these results.
Shards from the glass ceiling: Deconstructing marginalizing systems in relation to critical consciousness development
Authors: Kornbluh Mariah , Johnson Lesa , Hart Mackenzie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this qualitative case study, the authors identify, name, and critique multi‐level contextual factors in relation to Black, Indigenous, and People of Color college student leaders’ and the authors’ own critical consciousness development applying Harrel’s Difference Framework, and Critical Race Theory. Located in a Northern California Sundown Town, the authors utilize focus groups, Photovoice data, and critical ethnography to document organizational and institutional responses towards student leaders’ and the authors’ involvement in multicultural programming and a Black Lives Matter Freedom School. Across data sources, the authors chronicle instances of the following: (1) devaluing through unpaid student labor, (2) distancing and siloing of multicultural student organizations on campus, (3) denial of the use of harmful and misinformed programmatic practices, and (4) defensiveness on the part of the administration regarding student narratives. Findings highlight implications within higher education surrounding addressing historic racial inequity, and illustrate the trauma invoked by ameliorative and premature institutional responses.
A trend skill that makes pediatric intensivists stand out: Critical care echocardiography
Authors: Yildizdas Dincer , Aslan Nagehan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, the use of point‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS) by pediatricians especially in emergency and intensive care departments has become increasingly popular. Critical care echocardiography (CCE) quickly and accurately identifies cardiac function, allowing intensivists to manage critically ill pediatric patients by manipulating vasoactive–inotrope–fluid treatment based on the echocardiographic results. Training courses for POCUS are increasingly available and more intensivists are learning how to use CCE. In this review, we focus on the importance and utility of CCE in pediatric intensive units and how it assists in the management of hemodynamically unstable pediatric patients. We highlight the common measurements carried out by intensive care specialists and emphasize the role of the CCE methods in PICUs.
Deconstructive Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Morphine‐Family Alkaloid (−)‐Thebainone A
Authors: Hou Si‐Hua , Prichina Adriana Y. , Dong Guangbin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe the development of a deconstructive strategy for the first asymmetric synthesis of (−)‐thebainone A, capitalizing on an enantioselective C−C bond activation and a C−O bond cleavage reaction. The rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric “cut‐and‐sew” transformation between sterically hindered trisubstituted alkenes and benzocyclobutenones allowed efficient construction of the fused A/B/C rings and the quaternary center of the natural product. The newly optimized conditions show broad substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99.5:0.5 er). Taking advantage of boron‐mediated ether bond cleavage, we completed the synthesis of the morphine alkaloid (−)‐thebainone A by two complementary routes.
Supported Single Atom Catalysts for C−H Activation: Selective C−H Oxidations, Dehydrogenations and Oxidative C−H/C−H Couplings
Authors: Martín Nuria , Cirujano Francisco G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe activation of C−H bonds in hydrocarbons (saturated, unsaturated and aromatics) by single atom catalysts immobilized in a solid support is an active research front in catalysis. On the one hand, different examples of transition metal catalysts atomically dispersed on inorganic, organic and hybrid supports are constantly designed, synthesized and characterized using advanced microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. On the other hand, active, selective and stable single metal sites are recently developed as high performant heterogeneous catalysts for the C−H activation of organic molecules. This review covers recent examples of selective alkane and arene C−H oxidations, dehydrogenations of alkanes, as well as C−H/C−H oxidative couplings involving arenes, alkenes and alkynes, based on the use of supported single atom catalysts.
A pH‐Universal Hollow‐Mn3O4/MWCNT/Nafion™ Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Dhungana Pramod , Varapragasam Shelton J. P. , Vemuri Bhuvan , Baride Aravind , Shrestha Namita , Balasingam Mithira , Gadhamshetty Venkataramana , Koppang Miles D. , Hoefelmeyer James D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHollow Mn3O4 nanoparticles (diameter=31 nm, cavity diameter=16 nm, and shell thickness=7 nm) were attached to the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). A suspension of hollow Mn3O4/MWCNT with Nafion™ was dropcast onto a glassy carbon electrode, and the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in aqueous solution was investigated with this electrode. We assess the role of MWCNT, hollow Mn3O4, and Nafion™ in the performance of the electrode, and investigate the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction. The electrode exhibits outstanding performance in measures of cathodic current density and onset potential, and performed similarly well in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions.
Selective Enhancement of Electrochemical Signal Based on the Size of Alcohols Using Nanoporous Platinum
Authors: Bang Jae Jin , Han Donghoon , Shin Jinsik , Chung Taek Dong , Bae Je Hyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanoporous electrodes are representative electrode materials for diverse applications, such as energy conversion devices and sensors. Recently, selectivity based on the size of ions arising from nanoporous structures has been applied to capacitive deionization, electrochemical supercapacitors, and conductometry. Herein, we explored the selectivity based on the size of the redox molecules on the electrochemical reaction at the nanoporous Pt electrode with extremely small (1–2 nm) and uniform pores by linear sweep voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. Among primary alcohols with sizes smaller than that of the pores, we observed exceptional selective enhancement in the case of methanol due to its smallest size, despite all the alcohols having a similar reaction mechanism. These findings may provide an insight into electrochemical analysis and electrocatalysis based on nanoporous structures.
Chemically modified wood – sustainable and climate‐friendly – a promising material for a better future? Recent research approaches in school
Authors: Maaß Mona‐Christin , Völker Florian , Emmerich Lukas , Militz Holger , Waitz Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHolz hat zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber anderen Materialien: Es ist nachhaltig, hat eine gute CO2‐ und Energiebilanz, ist aufgrund seiner biologischen Abbaubarkeit umweltfreundlich und seine mechanischen Eigenschaften sind so gut, dass es als Baumaterial z. B. für mehrstöckige Häuser genutzt wird. Außerdem lassen sich offensichtlich nachteilige Eigenschaften von Holz gegenüber anderen Materialien dank moderner Forschung inzwischen durch chemische Modifizierungen hinreichend verbessern: Chemisch modifiziertes Holz hat eine höhere Dauerhaftigkeit und quillt bzw. schwindet bei einer Änderung der Umgebungsbedingungen nicht so stark wie naturbelassenes Holz. Neben Materialien wie biobasierten Kunststoffen oder Kompositen aus Holz und Kunststoffen könnte daher chemisch modifiziertes Holz und damit die Chemie in Zukunft einen Beitrag zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit und Klima‐ sowie Umweltschutz leisten. In diesem Beitrag werden fachliche Grundlagen zum Aufbau, zur molekularen Struktur und chemischen Modifizierung von Holz und anknüpfende curriculumsbezogene Experimente präsentiert, die Einblicke in die aktuelle Forschung geben und mit denen in der Schule oder in einem Schülerlabor Aspekte der Polymerchemie im Kontext von Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz unterrichtet werden können.
New Paradigm in NKT Cell Antigens: MCS‐0208 (2‐(Hydroxymethyl)phenylthio‐phytoceramide) – an Aryl‐Phytoceramide Compound with a Single Hydroxyl Group Stimulates NKT Cells
Authors: Borràs‐Tudurí Roser , Alcaide Anna , Aspeslag Sandrine , Usero Lorena , Serra Carmen , Roura‐Mir Carme , Elewaut Dirk , Llebaria Amadeu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNatural Killer T (NKT) cells play an important role in the immune response and can be activated by glycolipids presented by CD1d protein. We present MCS‐0208, an unprecedented arylthioether‐phytoceramide able to induce potent invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation, notably when tested in human iNKT cells. This arylsphingolipid analog has a simple phenyl group containing a single hydroxyl substituent as a surrogate of the sugar ring. The phenylthioether structure contrasts with α‐galactosylceramide (1), the prototypical glycolipid used to induce iNKT cell stimulation, where the galactose 2’‐OH and 3’‐OH substituents are accepted as the minimal footprint and considered critical for NKT T cell receptor (TCR) recognition. A computational study supports the recognition of aromatic compound by the CD1d and TCR proteins as radically new structures for NKT cell stimulation.
Occupational exposures and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a high‐risk area: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Chang Ellen T. , Liu Qing , Cai Yonglin , Zhang Zhe , Chen Guomin , Huang Qi‐Hong , Xie Shang‐Hang , Cao Su‐Mei , Jia Wei‐Hua , Zheng Yuming , Li Yancheng , Lin Longde , Ernberg Ingemar , Wang Dongming , Chen Weihong , Feng Ruimei , Huang Guangwu , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Adami Hans‐Olov , Ye Weimin 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDThe potential role of occupational exposures in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear, particularly in high‐incidence areas.METHODSThe authors conducted a population‐based case‐control study, consisting of 2514 incident NPC cases and 2586 randomly selected population controls, in southern China from 2010 to 2014. Occupational history and other covariates were self‐reported using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of NPC associated with occupational exposures. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate potentially nonlinear duration‐response relations.RESULTSIndividuals who had exposure to occupational dusts (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.68), chemical vapors (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.61), exhausts/smokes (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.25‐1.60), or acids/alkalis (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.30‐1.89) in the workplace had an increased NPC risk compared with those who were unexposed. Risk estimates for all 4 categories of occupational exposures appeared to linearly increase with increasing duration. Within these categories, occupational exposure to 14 subtypes of agents conferred significantly higher risks of NPC, with ORs ranging from 1.30 to 2.29, including dust from metals, textiles, cement, or coal; vapor from formaldehyde, organic solvents, or dyes; exhaust or smoke from diesel, firewood, asphalt/tar, vehicles, or welding; and sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and concentrated alkali/ammonia.CONCLUSIONSOccupational exposures to dusts, chemical vapors, exhausts/smokes, or acids/alkalis are associated with an excess risk of NPC. If the current results are causal, then the amelioration of workplace conditions might alleviate the burden of NPC in endemic areas.LAY SUMMARY

The role of occupational exposures in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear, particularly in high‐incidence areas.

The authors conducted a population‐based study with 2514 incident NPC cases and 2586 population controls in southern China and observed that occupational exposures were associated with an increased risk of NPC.

Duration‐response trends were observed with increasing duration of exposure.

These findings provide new evidence supporting an etiologic role of occupational exposures for NPC in a high‐incidence region.
Textile pattern recommendations with convolutional neural networks and autoencoder
Authors: Mao Kuang , Wu Sai , He Jiajia , Huang Haichao , Yin Yanlong , Ren Zujie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTextile pattern design is a time‐consuming and tedious work. Mihui, our ongoing developing system, employs deep‐learning techniques to automatically generate huge volumes of patterns with the help of human guidance. However, trained as a black box, Mihui cannot provide customized service for each individual designer who shows unique aesthetics preferences. In this article, we introduce the recommendation module of Mihui. The module forwards all generated pattern images to a deep encoding network, where images are mapped into 128‐dimension vectors. For each user of Mihui, we create a profile by his/her purchased or downloaded history. A novel encoder network is proposed to learn a personal taste vector for each user, based on which, we recommend new patterns to him/her. Our records in Mihui show that the recommendation module effectively improve users' experience on Mihui.