bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the interaction of sustainable innovation activity and the life cycle of small high‐tech enterprises
Authors: Vaisman Elena D. , Podshivalova Maria V. , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe direction of this study was engineered by the need to increase the innovation activity of high‐tech enterprises (primarily small enterprise) and to test the hypothesis that the innovation activity of such enterprises depends on the stage of their life cycle. At the first stage, we formulated the assumptions and prerequisites for the formation of a sample for the study: 106 small enterprises of the electric power industry of the Chelyabinsk region of Russia Federation. At the second stage, we developed a method to determine an enterprise's life cycle stage, taking into account the specifics of small industrial enterprises. Our method involves the sequential implementation of two steps. In the first, we use the traditional indicator of age of the enterprise, and in the second, we assess the degree of stability of key financial indicators of enterprise activities. At the third stage, based on the proposed method, the sample was divided into three groups: growing, mature, and long‐lived enterprises, for each of which an assessment of innovation activity was carried out. As a result, we determined that small Russian enterprises in the high‐tech industry demonstrate an increase in innovation activity at the stage of maturity, as a rule. However, even at this stage, only one in three enterprises shows such activity. This can be explained by the low demand for small businesses in the Russian national innovation system, as well as the lack of highly qualified personnel and the prevailing stereotypes of attitudes toward small businesses. As captured in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), the proposed approach can be applied in the development of regional support programs and strategies for the development of small high‐tech enterprises.
Stimuli‐Responsive Natural Proteins and Their Applications
Authors: Du Na , Ye Fangfu , Sun Jing , Liu Kai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural proteins are essential biomacromolecules that fulfill versatile functions in the living organism, such as their usage as cytoskeleton, nutriment transporter, homeostasis controller, catalyzer, or immune guarder. Due to the excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility/biodegradability, natural protein‐based biomaterials are well equipped for prospective applications in various fields. Among these natural proteins, stimuli‐responsive proteins can be reversibly and precisely manipulated on demand, rendering the protein‐based biomaterials promising candidates for numerous applications, including disease detection, drug delivery, bio‐sensing, and regenerative medicine. Therefore, we present some typical natural proteins with diverse physical stimuli‐responsive properties, including temperature, light, force, electrical, and magnetic sensing in this review. The structure‐function mechanism of these proteins is discussed in detail. Finally, we give a summary and perspective for the development of stimuli‐responsive proteins.
Atrial fibrillation after closure of patent foramen ovale in the REDUCE clinical study
Authors: Andersen Asger , Matzen Kristina Laut , Andersen Grethe , Settergren Magnus , Sjostrand Christina , Iversen Helle K. , Roine Risto O. , Hildick‐Smith David , Spence J. David , Rhodes John F. , Kasner Scott E. , Sondergaard Lars , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the occurrence of postprocedural atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with cryptogenic stroke undergoing patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in the REDUCE clinical study and analyze for potential risk factors for the development of postprocedural AF.BackgroundAF is an adverse event that might potentially counterbalance the stroke prevention benefit from PFO closure. Data on AF after transcatheter PFO closure are sparse.MethodsWe evaluated data from patients having PFO closure (Gore HELEX or Gore Cardioform Septal Occluder) in the REDUCE clinical trial (n = 408) in at post hoc explorative analysis. Median follow‐up was 5.0 years.ResultsAF occurred in 30 patients (7.4%) after PFO closure with a total of 34 AF events. Most were reported as non‐serious (68%), detected within 45 days post‐procedure (79%), and resolved within 2 weeks of onset (63%). One subject with AF had recurrent stroke. Postprocedural AF occurred more frequently among subjects with higher age and large device sizes. Male sex was the only independent predictor of postprocedural AF. We found no association between the type of occluder (HELEX or Gore Cardioform Septal Occluder) or PFO anatomical characteristics and post‐procedural AF.ConclusionIn the REDUCE clinical study, postprocedural atrial fibrillation was mostly early onset, transient and with no later recurrence. Postprocedural AF occurred more frequently among patients with higher age and larger devices. Male sex was the only independent predictor of postprocedural AF.
Origin of the different reactivity of the high‐valent coinage‐metal complexes [RCuiiiMe3]− and [RAgiiiMe3]− (R=allyl)**
Authors: Auth Thomas , Stein Christopher J. , O'Hair Richard A. J. , Koszinowski Konrad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐valent tetraalkylcuprates(iii) and ‐argentates(iii) are key intermediates of copper‐ and silver‐mediated C−C coupling reactions. Here, we investigate the previously reported contrasting reactivity of [RMiiiMe3]− complexes (M=Cu, Ag and R=allyl) with energy‐dependent collision‐induced dissociation experiments, advanced quantum‐chemical calculations and kinetic computations. The gas‐phase fragmentation experiments confirmed the preferred formation of the [RCuMe]− anion upon collisional activation of the cuprate(iii) species, consistent with a homo‐coupling reaction, whereas the silver analogue primarily yielded [AgMe2]−, consistent with a cross‐coupling reaction. For both complexes, density functional theory calculations identified one mechanism for homo coupling and four different ones for cross coupling. Of these pathways, an unprecedented concerted outer‐sphere cross coupling is of particular interest, because it can explain the formation of [AgMe2]− from the argentate(iii) species. Remarkably, the different C−C coupling propensities of the two [RMiiiMe3]− complexes become only apparent when properly accounting for the multi‐configurational character of the wave function for the key transition state of [RAgMe3]−. Backed by the obtained detailed mechanistic insight for the gas‐phase reactions, we propose that the previously observed cross‐coupling reaction of the silver complex in solution proceeds via the outer‐sphere mechanism.
Anti‐Lung Cancer Activities of 1,2,3‐Triazole Curcumin Derivatives via Regulation of the MAPK/NF‐κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhi Tai Xin , Liu Kai Qiang , Cai Kun Yi , Zhao Yu Chao , Li Zhen Wang , Wang Xin , He Xin Hua , Sun Xian Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, a series of curcumin derivatives containing 1,2,3‐triazole were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of lung cancer cells were studied. Compound 5 k (3,4‐dichlorobenzyltriazole methyl curcumin) had the best activity against A549 cells, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.27 μM, which was approximately 10 times higher than that of the lead curcumin and higher than that of gefitinib (IC50=8.64 μM). Western blotting revealed that 5 k increased the phosphorylation levels of p38, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Compound 5 k also promoted the expression of the inhibitor of nuclear factor‐κB (IκBα) and decreased that of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and β‐catenin. Therefore, 5 k suppresses A549 cell proliferation by activating the mitogen‐activated protein kinases and suppressing NF‐κB/STAT3 signaling pathways. So, 5 k can potentially be used for treating non‐small cell lung cancer.
Soldier neural architecture is temporarily modality specialized but poorly predicted by repertoire size in the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula
Authors: Baudier Kaitlin M. , Bennett Meghan M. , Barrett Meghan , Cossio Frank J. , Wu Robert D. , O'Donnell Sean , Pavlic Theodore P. , Fewell Jennifer H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividual heterogeneity within societies provides opportunities to test hypotheses about adaptive neural investment in the context of group cooperation. Here, we explore neural investment in defense specialist soldiers of the eusocial stingless bee (Tetragonisca angustula) which are age subspecialized on distinct defense tasks and have an overall higher lifetime task repertoire than other sterile workers within the colony. Consistent with predicted behavioral demands, soldiers had higher relative visual (optic lobe) investment than nonsoldiers but only during the period when they were performing the most visually demanding defense task (hovering guarding). As soldiers aged into the less visually demanding task of standing guarding this difference disappeared. Neural investment was otherwise similar across all colony members. Despite having larger task repertoires, soldiers had similar absolute brain size and the smaller relative brain size compared to other workers, meaning that lifetime task repertoire size was a poor predictor of brain size. Both high behavioral specialization in stable environmental conditions and reassignment across task groups during a crisis occur in T. angustula. The differences in neurobiology we report here are consistent with these specialized but flexible defense strategies. This work broadens our understanding of how neurobiology mediates age and morphological task specialization in highly cooperative societies.
Ultrastructural analysis of the morphological phenotypes of microglia associated with neuroinflammatory cues
Authors: Dyne Eric , Cawood Meghan , Suzelis Matthew , Russell Reagan , Kim Min‐Ho 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroglia are the primary resident immune cells of the central nervous system that are responsible for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. There is a plethora of evidence to suggest that microglia display distinct phenotypes that are associated with the alteration of cell morphology under varying environmental cues. However, it has not been fully explored how the varying states of microglial activation are linked to the alteration of microglia morphology, especially in the microdomain. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize the ultrastructural morphology of human microglia under neuroinflammatory cues. To address this, a human cell line of microglia was stimulated by antiinflammatory (IL‐4), proinflammatory (TNF‐α), and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐associated cues (Aβ, Aβ + TNF‐α). The resulting effects on microglia morphology associated with changes in microdomain were analyzed using a high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. Our findings demonstrated that microglial activation under proinflammatory and AD‐cues were closely linked to changes not only in cell shape but also in cell surface topography and higher‐order branching of processes. Furthermore, our results revealed that microglia under proinflammatory cues exhibited unique morphological features involving cell‐to‐cell contact and the formation of vesicle‐like structures. Our study provides insight into the fine details of microglia morphology associated with varying status of microglial activation.
Reversible Photochromic Properties of Ti2O3(H2O)2(C2O4) ⋅ H2O Material
Authors: Hu Kangkai , E Lei , Zhao Dan , Guo Zhengang , Zhang Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPotassium titanyl oxalate is used as the titanium source and HCl as growth promoter. Ti2O3(H2O)2(C2O4) ⋅ H2O, with hexagonal prism and spherical polyhedral morphology, has been synthesized by one‐step hydrothermal method at 120 °C for 6∼12 h, and the particle size range is 8–12 μm. Ti2O3(H2O)2(C2O4) ⋅ H2O prepared in this research has excellent reversible photochromic properties. It is a kind of P‐type photochromic compound, which is achromatic or colorless. The equilibrium time of discoloration or fading is 30 min. The photochromic mechanism research shows that the photochromic properties of Ti2O3(H2O)2(C2O4) ⋅ H2O are caused by the continuous reaction of Ti4+, Ti3+ with ecb−, VO++ in unsaturated cationic compounds.
Integrated analysis of genotype and phenotype reveals clonal evolution and cytogenetically driven disruption of myeloid cell maturation in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Cutler Jevon A. , Pugsley Haley R. , Bennington Richard , Fritschle Wayne , Hartmann Luise , Zaidi Nigar , Menssen Andrew J. , Singleton Timothy P. , Xu Dongbin , Loken Michael R. , Wells Denise A. , Brodersen Lisa Eidenschink , Zehentner Barbara K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogenous collection of clonal bone marrow diseases characterized by cytopenias, abnormal karyotypes, molecular abnormalities, and dysplasia by flow cytometry and/or morphology. The progression of MDS to severe cytopenias and/or overt leukemia is associated with the accumulation of additional cytogenetic abnormalities, suggesting clonal evolution. The impact of these accumulated abnormalities on myeloid maturation and the severity of the disease is poorly understood.MethodsBone marrow specimens from 16 patients with cytogenetic abnormalities were flow cytometrically sorted into three myeloid populations: progenitors, immature myeloid cells, and mature myeloid cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed on each to determine the distribution of chromosomal abnormalities during myeloid maturation.ResultsOur findings revealed three distinct distributions of cytogenetic abnormalities across myeloid maturation, each of which corresponded to specific cytogenetic abnormalities. Group 1 had continuous distribution across all maturational stages and contained patients with a single cytogenetic aberration associated with good‐to‐intermediate prognosis; Group 2 had accumulation of abnormalities in immature cells and contained patients with high‐risk monosomy 7; and Group 3 had abnormalities defining the founding clone equally distributed across maturational stages while subclonal abnormalities were enriched in progenitor cells and contained patients with multiple, non‐monosomy 7, abnormalities with evidence of clonal evolution.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that low‐risk abnormalities (e.g., del(20q) and trisomy 8) occurring in the founding clone display a markedly different disease etiology, with respect to myeloid maturation, than monosomy 7 or abnormalities acquired in subclones, which result in a disruption of myeloid cell maturation in MDS.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of growing teratoma syndrome as a diagnostic pitfall of metastatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Casa Daniel , Sung Simon , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Rao Rema 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrowing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a rare clinical entity that can occur in patients with a history of treatment for germ cell tumors (GCTs) and normalized serum tumor markers. Owing to the assortment of tissue types found in teratomas that may exhibit atypical features, distinguishing GTS from metastatic cancer in extragonadal masses can be challenging. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can be useful for the rapid diagnosis of metastatic masses and has been effective in distinguishing GCTs from one another. However, discrepancies in cytologic and histologic diagnoses have been reported in the evaluation of GCTs by FNAB. The potential incomplete sampling of metastatic teratomas in GTS by FNAB along with features of cellular atypia commonly found in teratomas can lead to a misdiagnosis of metastatic carcinoma and drastically affect treatment. Correlation of cytologic, histologic, clinical, and radiographic findings are essential in evaluating metastatic masses in patients with a history of GCT. We report a case of a 46‐year‐old man with GTS originally diagnosed on FNAB as metastatic adenocarcinoma compatible with a colorectal primary tumor.
Cross‐talk between EGFR and BMP signals regulates chondrocyte maturation during endochondral ossification
Authors: Lees‐Shepard John B. , Flint Kaitlyn , Fisher Melanie , Omi Minoru , Richard Kelsey , Antony Michelle , Chen Po Jung , Yadav Sumit , Threadgill David , Maihle Nita J. , Dealy Caroline N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundProgressive maturation of growth plate chondrocytes drives long bone growth during endochondral ossification. Signals from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and from bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2), are required for normal chondrocyte maturation. Here, we investigated cross‐talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals in developing and adult growth plates.ResultsUsing in vivo mouse models of conditional cartilage‐targeted EGFR or BMP2 loss, we show that canonical BMP signal activation is increased in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of EGFR‐deficient growth plates; whereas EGFR signal activation is increased in the reserve, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes of BMP2‐deficient growth plates. EGFR‐deficient chondrocytes displayed increased BMP signal activation in vitro, accompanied by increased expression of IHH, COL10A1, and RUNX2. Hypertrophic differentiation and BMP signal activation were suppressed in normal chondrocyte cultures treated with the EGFR ligand betacellulin, effects that were partially blocked by simultaneous treatment with BMP2 or a chemical EGFR antagonist.ConclusionsCross‐talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals occurs during chondrocyte maturation. In the reserve and prehypertrophic zones, BMP2 signals unilaterally suppress EGFR activity; in the hypertrophic zone, EGFR and BMP2 signals repress each other. This cross‐talk may play a role in regulating chondrocyte maturation in developing and adult growth plates.
Implicit approach‐avoidance tendencies toward food and body stimuli absent in individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy controls
Authors: Kollei Ines , Leins Judith , Rinck Mike , Waldorf Manual , Kuhn Melanie , Rauh Elisabeth , Steins‐Loeber Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveBody and food‐related information are thought to activate cognitive biases and contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Approach‐avoidance biases may play an important role in the maintenance of dietary restriction and excessive food intake. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine approach‐avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and healthy controls (HC).MethodsThe study included 42 individuals with AN, 24 individuals with BN, and 38 HCs. We used two implicit Approach‐Avoidance Tasks (AAT) to assess approach‐avoidance biases: participants completed a Food‐AAT (high‐calorie vs. low‐calorie food) and a Body‐AAT (thin vs. normal weight bodies). Additionally, explicit ratings of food and body stimuli were assessed.ResultsThere were no significant Group × Stimulus × Direction interactions in the implicit Food‐AAT or implicit Body‐AAT. In explicit ratings, individuals with AN and BN reported less urge to eat and more regret if they ate high‐calorie and low‐calorie food; individuals with AN and BN rated normal weight bodies as less normal weight, less attractive and less desirable than HCs. There were no group differences in explicit ratings of the thin body.DiscussionWe did not find evidence for biased approach‐avoidance tendencies toward food or body stimuli in individuals with AN or BN. Future studies are necessary to understand conflicting findings regarding approach‐avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with ED.
A systematic scoping review of research on COVID‐19 impacts on eating disorders: A critical appraisal of the evidence and recommendations for the field
Authors: Linardon Jake , Messer Mariel , Rodgers Rachel F. , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveResearch investigating the effects of COVID‐19 on eating disorders is growing rapidly. A comprehensive evaluation of this literature is needed to identify key findings and evidence gaps to better inform policy decisions related to the management of eating disorders during and after this crisis. We conducted a systematic scoping review synthesizing and appraising this literature.MethodEmpirical research on COVID‐19 impacts on eating disorder severity, prevalence, and demand for treatment was searched. No sample restrictions were applied. Findings (n = 70 studies) were synthesized across six themes: (a) suspected eating disorder cases during COVID‐19; (b) perceived pandemic impacts on symptoms; (c) symptom severity pre versus during the pandemic; (d) pandemic‐related correlates of symptom severity; (e) impacts on carers/parents; and (f) treatment experiences during COVID‐19.ResultsPandemic impacts on rates of probable eating disorders, symptom deterioration, and general mental health varied substantially. Symptom escalation and mental health worsening during―and due to―the pandemic were commonly reported, and those most susceptible included confirmed eating disorder cases, at‐risk populations (young women, athletes, parent/carers), and individuals highly anxious or fearful of COVID‐19. Evidence emerged for increased demand for specialist eating disorder services during the pandemic. The forced transition to online treatment was challenging for many, yet telehealth alternatives seemed feasible and effective.DiscussionEvidence for COVID‐19 effects is mostly limited to participant self‐report or retrospective recall, cross‐sectional and descriptive studies, and samples of convenience. Several novel pathways for future research that aim to better understand, monitor, and support those negatively affected by the pandemic are formulated.