bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct detection of mirror matter in Twin Higgs models
Authors: Chacko Zackaria , Curtin David , Geller Michael , Tsai Yuhsin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We explore the possibility of discovering the mirror baryons and electrons of the Mirror Twin Higgs model in direct detection experiments, in a scenario in which these particles constitute a subcomponent of the observed DM. We consider a framework in which the mirror fermions are sub-nano-charged, as a consequence of kinetic mixing between the photon and its mirror counterpart. We consider both nuclear recoil and electron recoil experiments. The event rates depend on the fraction of mirror DM that is ionized, and also on its distribution in the galaxy. Since mirror DM is dissipative, at the location of the Earth it may be in the form of a halo or may have collapsed into a disk, depending on the cooling rate. For a given mirror DM abundance we determine the expected event rates in direct detection experiments for the limiting cases of an ionized halo, an ionized disk, an atomic halo and an atomic disk. We find that by taking advantage of the complementarity of the different experiments, it may be possible to establish not just the multi-component nature of mirror dark matter, but also its distribution in the galaxy. In addition, a study of the recoil energies may be able to determine the masses and charges of the constituents of the mirror sector. By showing that the mass and charge of mirror helium are integer multiples of those of mirror hydrogen, these experiments have the potential to distinguish the mirror nature of the theory. We also carefully consider mirror plasma screening effects, showing that the capture of mirror dark matter particles in the Earth has at most a modest effect on direct detection signals.
Force decay of polyethylene terephthalate glycol aligner materials during simulation of typical clinical loading/unloading scenarios
Authors: Elkholy Fayez , Schmidt Silva , Schmidt Falko , Amirkhani Masoud , Lapatki Bernd G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
This in vitro study investigated the effect of three distinct daily loading/unloading cycles on force delivery during orthodontic aligner therapy. The cycles were applied for 7 days and were designed to reflect typical clinical aligner application scenarios.

Materials and methods
Flat polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) specimens (Duran®, Scheu Dental, Iserlohn, Germany) with thicknesses ranging between 0.4 and 0.75 mm were tested in a three-point-bending testing machine. Measurements comprised loading/unloading intervals of 12 h/12 h, 18 h/6 h, and 23 h/1 h, and specimens were exposed to bidistilled water during loading to simulate intraoral conditions.

Results
A very large decay in force for the PET‑G specimens could already be observed after the first loading period, with significantly different residual force values of 24, 20, and 21% recorded for the 12 h/12 h, 18 h/6 h, and 23 h/1 h loading/unloading modes, respectively (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.01). In addition, further decays in force from the first to the last loading period at day 7 of 13.5% (12 h/12 h), 9.7% (18 h/6 h), and 8.4% (23 h/1 h) differed significantly among the three distinct loading modes (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Although the initial material stiffness of PET‑G is relatively high, the transmission of excessive forces is attenuated by the high material-related force decay already within a few hours after intraoral insertion.
Umfrage zur Weiterbildung Orthopädie/Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Ludwig Johanna , Seifert Julia , Schorlemmer Julia 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Eine hochwertige Weiterbildung ist ein Schlüsselfaktor für gute und sichere Patienten- und Patientinnenversorgung. In Deutschland werden derzeit Weiterbildungsordnungen und Logbücher mit dem Ziel überarbeitet, die Weiterbildung in eine kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildung zu überführen.
Ziel der Studie ist die Analyse der täglichen Realität der orthopädisch-chirurgischen Weiterbildung in Deutschland anhand der Elemente der Weiterbildung.

Methoden
Im März 2020 wurde eine Onlinebefragung von Weiterzubildenden mit 44 Fragen zu den Themen Weiterbildungsordnung, Logbuch, Bildungsressourcen, Evaluation, Weiterbildungsbefugte und Arbeitszeitverteilung durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 237 Personen beantworteten die Umfrage, 208 erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Die Weiterzubildenden empfinden einen Mangel an klaren Standards in der Weiterbildungsordnung. 25 % der Weiterzubildenden erhalten keine strukturierten Lernressourcen wie beispielsweise Simulationen oder Kurse. Weiterbildungsgespräche werden in 58 % der Fälle durchgeführt. Die meisten Weiterzubildenden schätzen die Expertise ihrer Weiterbildenden in der Orthopädie/Unfallchirurgie, während sie deren Kompetenz in Supervision und Feedbackgeben als unterdurchschnittlich bewerten. Administratives Arbeiten umfasst 220 min der täglichen Arbeitszeit, im Schnitt verbleiben 60 min pro Tag und Weiterzubildenden, um operative Tätigkeiten zu erlernen.

Diskussion
Die Studie deckt Inkonsistenzen mit der aktuellen Weiterbildungsordnung und ein Defizit an Supervision und Evaluation auf. Die Überführung in kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildung sollte daher nicht ausschließlich auf einer Anpassung der Weiterbildungsordnung beruhen, sondern auf allen Ebenen der Weiterbildung anvisiert werden (Lernressourcen Ausbildung der Weiterbildenden, Evaluation).
A machine learning approach for predictive warehouse design
Authors: Tufano Alessandro , Accorsi Riccardo , Manzini Riccardo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWarehouse management systems (WMS) track warehousing and picking operations, generating a huge volumes of data quantified in millions to billions of records. Logistic operators incur significant costs to maintain these IT systems, without actively mining the collected data to monitor their business processes, smooth the warehousing flows, and support the strategic decisions. This study explores the impact of tracing data beyond the simple traceability purpose. We aim at supporting the strategic design of a warehousing system by training classifiers that can predict the storage technology (ST), the material handling system (MHS), the storage allocation strategy (SAS), and the picking policy (PP) of a storage system. We introduce the definition of a learning table, whose attributes are benchmarking metrics applicable to any storage system. Then, we investigate how the availability of data in the warehouse management system (i.e. varying the number of attributes of the learning table) affects the accuracy of the predictions. To validate the approach, we illustrate a generalisable case study which collects data from sixteen different real companies belonging to different industrial sectors (automotive, manufacturing, food and beverage, cosmetics and publishing) and different players (distribution centres and third-party logistic providers). The benchmarking metrics are applied and used to generate learning tables with varying number of attributes. A bunch of classifiers is used to identify the crucial input data attributes in the prediction of ST, MHS, SAS, and PP. The managerial relevance of the data-driven methodology for warehouse design is showcased for 3PL providers experiencing a fast rotation of the SKUs stored in their storage systems.
Do methane emissions converge? Evidence from global panel data on production- and consumption-based emissions
Authors: Fernández-Amador Octavio , Oberdabernig Doris A. , Tomberger Patrick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMethane emissions are the second most important contributor to global warming. Knowledge about the dynamics of methane emissions facilitates the formulation of climate policies and the understanding of their consequences. We investigate whether methane emissions released from production and embodied in consumption converge within and across regions. Our estimates rely on global panel data on methane per capita and methane intensities over 1997–2014. We find that emissions converge within countries. The short half-lives show that the emissions of countries are close to their steady states. There is no evidence for international convergence of aggregate emissions. Yet, convergence of emissions across regions occurs in a number of economic sectors. Our results highlight the difficulties to achieve methane abatement in the medium run. The formulation of climate policies should take into account the sectoral specificity of the dynamics of methane emissions.
Bifokale Perspektive in der Arbeit mit Familien mit psychisch erkrankten Eltern
Authors: Taubner Svenja , Kasper Lea , Hauschild Sophie , Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Georg Anna 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Psychisch erkrankte Eltern stellen einen Risikofaktor für die transgenerationale Weitergabe psychischer Störungen dar. In der Psychiatrie mit ihrem Fokus auf das Individuum werden Patient*innen nicht immer als Eltern erkannt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Trainings für medizinische Fachkräfte zur Unterstützung einer Familienorientierung in der Psychiatrie unter der Maßgabe einer bifokalen Perspektive, die den Indexpatienten und die Familie mit Schwerpunkt auf die Kinder im Blick behält, werden vorgestellt.

Methoden
Zur Etablierung der bifokalen Perspektive in Einstellungen, Wissen und Fertigkeiten wurde ein halbtägiges Training, bestehend aus einer Vorlesung und einem Seminar, entwickelt. Dieses wurde im Rahmen des Konsortiums Children of Mentally Ill Parents – Research-Network (CHIMPS-NET) an 7 Standorten in Deutschland in den dortigen Erwachsenen- sowie Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrien durchgeführt. Der Bedarf wurde vor dem Training per Online-Fragebogen erfasst. Die Implementation wurde durch die qualitative Auswertung von Gedächtnisprotokollen der Trainerinnen begleitet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Das Training konnte erfolgreich mit 120 Teilnehmenden durchgeführt werden, wobei das Ziel einer berufsgruppenübergreifenden Schulung des gesamten Personals, auch pandemiebedingt, nicht realisiert und die übenden Elemente des Trainings nicht gut genutzt werden konnten. Die Auswertung der Fragebogen, die ca. 50 % der Teilnehmenden ausfüllten, ergab bei der Gruppe der teilnehmenden Psychologinnen und Ärztinnen bereits eine deutliche Familienorientierung. Die qualitative Protokollauswertung aller Standorte zeigte den hohen Bedarf nach institutionsübergreifender Vernetzung und klaren Standardprozeduren, z. B. im Umgang mit Kindeswohlgefährdung.
A partition-based branch-and-bound algorithm for the project duration problem with partially renewable resources and general temporal constraints
Authors: Watermeyer Kai , Zimmermann Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe concept of partially renewable resources provides a general modeling framework that can be used for a wide range of different real-life applications. In this paper, we consider a resource-constrained project duration problem with partially renewable resources, where the temporal constraints between the activities are given by minimum and maximum time lags. We present a new branch-and-bound algorithm for this problem, which is based on a stepwise decomposition of the possible resource consumptions by the activities of the project. It is shown that the new approach results in a polynomially bounded depth of the enumeration tree, which is obtained by kind of a binary search. In a comprehensive experimental performance analysis, we compare our exact solution procedure with all branch-and-bound algorithms and state-of-the-art heuristics from the literature on different benchmark sets. The results of the performance study reveal that our branch-and-bound algorithm clearly outperforms all exact solution procedures. Furthermore, it is shown that our new approach dominates the state-of-the-art heuristics on well known benchmark instances.
Is it left or is it right? A classification approach for investigating hemispheric differences in low and high dimensionality
Authors: Friedrich Patrick , Patil Kaustubh R. , Mochalski Lisa N. , Li Xuan , Camilleri Julia A. , Kröll Jean-Philippe , Wiersch Lisa , Eickhoff Simon B. , Weis Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHemispheric asymmetries, i.e., differences between the two halves of the brain, have extensively been studied with respect to both structure and function. Commonly employed pairwise comparisons between left and right are suitable for finding differences between the hemispheres, but they come with several caveats when assessing multiple asymmetries. What is more, they are not designed for identifying the characterizing features of each hemisphere. Here, we present a novel data-driven framework—based on machine learning-based classification—for identifying the characterizing features that underlie hemispheric differences. Using voxel-based morphometry data from two different samples (n = 226, n = 216), we separated the hemispheres along the midline and used two different pipelines: First, for investigating global differences, we embedded the hemispheres into a two-dimensional space and applied a classifier to assess if the hemispheres are distinguishable in their low-dimensional representation. Second, to investigate which voxels show systematic hemispheric differences, we employed two classification approaches promoting feature selection in high dimensions. The two hemispheres were accurately classifiable in both their low-dimensional (accuracies: dataset 1 = 0.838; dataset 2 = 0.850) and high-dimensional (accuracies: dataset 1 = 0.966; dataset 2 = 0.959) representations. In low dimensions, classification of the right hemisphere showed higher precision (dataset 1 = 0.862; dataset 2 = 0.894) compared to the left hemisphere (dataset 1 = 0.818; dataset 2 = 0.816). A feature selection algorithm in the high-dimensional analysis identified voxels that most contribute to accurate classification. In addition, the map of contributing voxels showed a better overlap with moderate to highly lateralized voxels, whereas conventional t test with threshold-free cluster enhancement best resembled the LQ map at lower thresholds. Both the low- and high-dimensional classifiers were capable of identifying the hemispheres in subsamples of the datasets, such as males, females, right-handed, or non-right-handed participants. Our study indicates that hemisphere classification is capable of identifying the hemisphere in their low- and high-dimensional representation as well as delineating brain asymmetries. The concept of hemisphere classifiability thus allows a change in perspective, from asking what differs between the hemispheres towards focusing on the features needed to identify the left and right hemispheres. Taking this perspective on hemispheric differences may contribute to our understanding of what makes each hemisphere special.
4M method – new application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to classification of meteorites. How it works?
Authors: Gałązka-Friedman Jolanta , Jakubowska Martyna , Woźniak Marek , Bogusz Patrycja , Karwowski Łukasz , Duda Przemysław 
Published: December 2021

Abstract4M method is a new application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to quantitative classification of ordinary chondrites. 4M derives from four words: meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance. This method was published by us in 2019. In this paper we present application of 4M method to classification of four meteorites. Link to script with calculation needed for classification of ordinary chondrites was given.
Mobility-on-demand pricing versus private vehicle TCO: how cost structures hinder the dethroning of the car
Authors: Kuhnimhof Tobias , Eisenmann Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study uses a unique dataset on the cost of motoring in Germany to analyse cost competitiveness of emerging mobility-on-demand (MOD) services. Previous studies have focused on comparing current and projected MOD prices with the average cost of private motoring. This study quantifies which proportion of private car travel would actually turn out to be costlier than MOD given that MOD costs drop below certain levels relative to the cost of private motoring. In this context, not the average but the distribution of the costs of motoring are the key issue. These costs are strongly skewed across the cars in private households when including new and old vehicles: a large proportion of private car kilometres are driven at relatively low cost. The study uses simplified scenario settings with MOD price levels ranging from 0.1 €/km to 1.5 €/km to make predictions of hypothetical modal shifts under the assumption that car user switch to the most economic mode of travel. These modal shifts serve as an indicator of MOD cost competitiveness. The results indicate that MOD prices would have to drop to 0.5 €/km or lower to have a notable impact on use of the private car if cost was the key mode choice criterion. Only if MOD prices drop down to a level of about 0.3 €/km—quite possibly a lower boundary for automated MOD—MOD-enabled mobility packages would be the less costly alternative to the private car for a substantial proportion of mileage. However, even at that MOD price level, the private car would still be the most economic option for the majority of today’s car user kilometres. Our findings illustrate that the skewed distribution of the cost of owning and running private cars—where many of those who drive much drive inexpensively—substantially dampens the disruptive potential of MOD. While we use data from Germany to illustrate this, many of our findings are more widely applicable.
Road to Better Work-Life Balance? Lean Redesigns and Daily Work Time among Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Hung Dorothy Y. , Mujal Gabriela , Jin Anqi , Liang Su-Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the impact of Lean primary care redesigns on the amount of time that physicians spent working each day.

Methods
This observational study was based on 92 million time-stamped Epic® EHR access logs captured among 317 primary care physicians in a large ambulatory care delivery system. Seventeen clinic facilities housing 46 primary care departments were included for study. We conducted interrupted time series analysis to monitor changes in physician work patterns over 6 years. Key measures included total daily work time; time spent on “desktop medicine” outside the exam room; time spent with patients during office visits; time still working after clinic, i.e., after seeing the last patient each day; and remote work time.

Results
The amount of time that physicians spent on desktop EHR activities throughout the day, including after clinic hours, decreased by 10.9% (95% CI: −22.2, −2.03) and 8.3% (95% CI: −13.8, −2.12), respectively, during the first year of Lean implementation. Total daily work hours among physicians, which included both desktop activity and time in office visits, decreased by 20% (95% CI: −29.2, −9.60) by the third year of Lean implementation.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Lean redesign may be associated with time savings for primary care physicians. However, since this was an observational analysis, further study is warranted (e.g., randomized trial) —to determine the impact of Lean interventions on physician work experiences.
Die Erforschung der Dynamik der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland: Survey-Konzepte und eine exemplarische Umsetzung mit dem Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP)
Authors: Rendtel Ulrich , Liebig Stefan , Meister Reinhard , Wagner Gert G. , Zinn Sabine 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat im Frühjahr 2020 Richtlinien für Bevölkerungsstichproben veröffentlicht, die Basisdaten für gesundheitspolitische Entscheidungen im Pandemiefall liefern können. Diese Richtlinien umzusetzen ist keineswegs trivial. In diesem Beitrag schildern wir die Herausforderungen einer entsprechenden statistischen Erfassung der Corona Pandemie. Hierbei gehen wir im ersten Teil auf die Erfassung der Dunkelziffer bei der Meldung von Corona Infektionen, die Messung von Krankheitsverläufen im außerklinischen Bereich, die Messung von Risikomerkmalen sowie die Erfassung von zeitlichen und regionalen Veränderungen der Pandemie-Intensität ein. Wir diskutieren verschiedene Möglichkeiten, aber auch praktische Grenzen der Survey-Statistik, den vielfältigen Herausforderungen durch eine geeignete Anlage der Stichprobe und des Survey-Designs zu begegnen. Ein zentraler Punkt ist die schwierige Koppelung medizinischer Tests mit bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Umfragen, wobei bei einer personalisierten Rückmeldung der Testergebnisse das Statistik-Geheimnis eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt.Im zweiten Teil berichten wir wie eine der großen Wiederholungsbefragungen in Deutschland, das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP), für eine WHO-konforme Covid-19-Erhebung genutzt wird, die im Rahmen einer Kooperation des Robert-Koch-Instituts (RKI) mit dem SOEP als „RKI-SOEP Stichprobe“ im September 2020 gestartet wurde. Erste Ergebnisse zum Rücklauf dieser Studie, die ab Oktober 2021 mit einer zweiten Erhebungswelle bei denselben Personen fortgesetzt werden wird, werden vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass knapp fünf Prozent der bereits in der Vergangenheit erfolgreich Befragten aufgrund der Anfrage zwei Tests zu machen die weitere Teilnahme an der SOEP-Studie verweigern. Berücksichtigt man alle in der Studie erhobenen Informationen (IgG-Antikörper-Tests, PCR-Tests und Fragebögen) ergibt eine erste Schätzung, dass sich bis November 2020 nur etwa zwei Prozent der in Privathaushalten lebenden Erwachsenen in Deutschland mit SARS-CoV‑2 infiziert hatten. Damit war die Zahl der Infektionen etwa doppelt so hoch wie die offiziell gemeldeten Infektionszahlen.
Purification of Chitin from Pupal Exuviae of the Black Soldier Fly
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Tafi Elena , von Seggern Nils , Falabella Patrizia , Salvia Rosanna , Thomä Jannik , Febel Eva , Fijalkowska Malgorzata , Schmitt Eric , Stegbauer Linus , Zibek Susanne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Chitin purification from remains (pupal exuviae after metamorphosis to adult flies) of Hermetia illucens farming was optimized performing demineralization, deproteinization and bleaching under different conditions. The optimal parameters to obtain high-purity chitin were determined.

Methods
Dried and ground pupal exuviae, whose composition was initially determined, were demineralized using six different acids. Proteins were removed with a NaOH treatment in which temperature, molarity and duration were varied in a randomized experiment. Bleaching was carried out testing ten different chemicals, including NaOCl, H2O2, solvent mixtures and enzymes. The efficiency of each step was determined to assess the optimal conditions for each of them. The resulting chitin was subjected to spectroscopic characterization.

Results
The highest demineralization efficiency (90%) was achieved using 0.5 M formic acid for 2 h at 40 °C, confirming the validity of organic acids as a more sustainable alternative to inorganic acids. The treatment with 1.25 M NaOH at 90 °C for 4 h showed the highest deproteinization efficiency, removing 96% of the proteins. Temperature and NaOH concentration were the significant parameters for deproteinization efficiency. The most efficient bleaching treatment was with 6% NaOCl at 60 °C for 1 h (67% efficiency). H2O2 could also be a valid alternative to avoid environmental risk related to chlorine-containing compounds. At the end of the purification process 17% of the original biomass was retained with a chitin content of 85%, corresponding to a chitin yield of 14% related to the initial biomass. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the purified chitin had a degree of acetylation of 96% and X-ray powder diffraction gave a crystallinity index of 74%.

Conclusion
This investigation shows an optimized method for extraction of high-purity chitin from H. illucens pupal exuviae, supporting the validity of insect-farming remains as source of this versatile biopolymer.

Graphical Abstract