bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal effects in negative triangularity TCV plasmas
Authors: Merlo G , Huang Z , Marini C , Brunner S , Coda S , Hatch D , Jarema D , Jenko F , Sauter O , Villard L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Global gradient driven gyrokinetic simulations performed with the Gyrokinetic Electromagnetic Numerical Experiment (GENE) code are used to investigate Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) plasmas with negative triangularity. Considering limited L-mode plasmas, the numerical results are able to reproduce the actual transport level over a major fraction of the plasma minor radius for a plasma with

δ

LCFS

=
−
0.3

and its equivalent with standard positive triangularity δ. For the same heat flux, a larger electron temperature gradient is sustained by

δ
<
0

, in turn resulting in an improved electron energy confinement. In agreement with the experiments, a reduction of the electron density fluctuations is also seen. Local flux-tube simulations are used to gauge the magnitude of nonlocal effects. Surprisingly, very little differences are found between local and global approaches for

δ
>
0

, while local results yield a strong overestimation of the heat fluxes when

δ
<
0

. Despite the high sensitivity of the turbulence level with respect to the input parameters, global effects appear to play a crucial role in the negative triangularity plasma and must be retained to reconcile simulations and experiments. Finally, a general stabilizing effect of negative triangularity, reducing fluxes and fluctuations by a factor dependent on the actual profiles, is recovered.
Comprehensive study of physical properties of cadmium telluride thin films: effect of post-deposition high annealing temperature
Authors: Hasani Ebrahim , Raoufi Davood 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thin films of cadmium telluride (CdTe) with a thickness of 550 nm were prepared using the thermal evaporation method. The resulting films were annealed in air atmosphere at 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C. The annealed films were subjected to x-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and transverse current–voltage (I–V) test analyses to investigate the structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties of films, respectively. The XRD patterns reveal the zinc blende structure of the pristine and treated film with the preferred (111) orientation. In addition, the crystallite size increases with the rise in annealing temperature. The Raman spectra reveal a redshift with annealing as well as the formation of Te precipitates in CdTe films. The SEM images show the uniformity and homogeneity of the as-prepared films. The AFM studies show an increase in the surface roughness of the annealed films. The optical energy band gap is found to decrease with the annealing temperature. The I–V measurement indicates the ohmic behavior of CdTe films. The experimental results indicate that the annealed CdTe thin films at 400 °C have optimized physical properties for solar cell applications as an absorber layer.
Optical and structural properties of AlN thin films deposited on different faces of sapphire substrates
Authors: Yin Junhua , Zhou Bangdi , Li Liang , Liu Yao , Guo Wei , Talwar Devki N , He Kaiyan , Ferguson Ian T , Wan Lingyu , Feng Zhe Chuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the comprehensive spectroscopic results of AlN thin films deposited on the A-, R- and C-surfaces of sapphire substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The optical and structural properties of the epitaxial-grown AlN films were characterized using various techniques of high-resolution x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and associated analytical tools. Our large number of measurement results clearly show that sapphire substrates of different polarities have effects on the surface roughness, dislocation density, grain size, microstrain, and surface oxygen binding capacity of the film grown on its surface. The results obtained from Ellipsometry measurements show that the thickness, band gap and roughness of AlN films grown on C-plane sapphire are the smallest among the three samples. After careful analyses of the variable temperature Raman spectra, as the temperature rises from 80 K to 800 K, the AlN film has always exhibited tensile stress. In the same temperature range, the tensile stress of the AlN film grown on the C-plane sapphire has the greatest effect with temperature. The lifetime of E2 (high) phonons gradually decays with the increase of temperature.
A paper fortune teller-inspired reconfigurable soft pneumatic gripper
Authors: Chen Rui , Zhang Chen , Sun Yi , Yu Tao , Shen Xin-Ming , Yuan Ze-An , Guo Jiang-Long 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soft pneumatic grippers (SPGs) have shown great grasping performances for various objects due to their simplicity, adaptability and rapid response. However, there are few SPGs that can grasp both flat and non-planar targets robustly. A reconfigurable mechanism that can transform the gripper into different states for grasping varied objects is desired by such versatile SPGs. Paper fortune teller (PFT) is a distinctive origami with 2D/3D shape switchability and 3D shape reconfigurability. In this paper, we propose a novel reconfigurable SPG which is inspired from PFT and augmented with an indirect vacuum adhesion (IVA) mechanism. The resultant gripper can not only lift flat-surface objects such as a piece of square glass (278 g) with the IVA force in its pad shape, but also pick up non-planar objects such as an orange (151 g) in a traditional grasping way in its four-converging-fingered shape. The experimental results reveal that our gripper can produce a maximum IVA force of about 4.24 N on acrylic plates and a maximum pulling force of about 2.10 N on 3D-printed non-planar objects respectively. The gripper’s traditional grasping robustness is also demonstrated when non-planar objects are placed irregularly (allowing up to 55 mm multi-orientation offsets or 20° multi-orientation drift angles). This new SPG design realizes the multi-function nature of origami transformation and is expected to promote the application of origami and soft gripper technologies.
Enhancement in the critical current density of BaTiO3-doped YBCO films by low-energy (60 keV) proton irradiation
Authors: Huang Daxing , Gu Hongwei , Shang Hongjing , Li Taiguang , Xie Bowei , Zou Qi , Chen Di , Chu Wei-kan , Ding Fazhu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although YBa2Cu3O72212δ (YBCO) is one of the most promising superconducting materials for power applications, the fabrication of low-cost coated conductors with the high in-field performance remains challenging. Here, we report an efficient mixed-pinning landscape for enhancing the in-field performance of BaTiO3 (BTO)-doped YBCO films by low-energy (60 keV) proton irradiation. The smaller (2–4 nm), weaker but perhaps denser pinning sites have been successfully introduced by irradiation, which can form a mixed-pinning landscape with pre-doped BTO precipitates (5–15 nm), leading to the increased vortex pinning. In this case, the critical current density (J
c) of YBCO films increases significantly, especially at low temperature and high magnetic field, and it increases three times near 6 T at 20 K when the irradiation dose is 1 × 1015 proton cm−2. Additionally, the c-axis length (c-parameter) of YBCO increases with the increase of irradiation dose, which indicates the decreasing oxygen content due to the excessive irradiation, thereby the reduction in critical transition temperature (T
c). Employing low irradiation energy is beneficial for protons to stop inside YBCO film and thereby induces higher density defects when applying low doses. This fabrication technique is a practicable post-production solution to improve the in-field performance of nanoparticle-doped YBCO films.
A unified and automated approach to attractor reconstruction
Authors: Kraemer K H , Datseris G , Kurths J , Kiss I Z , Ocampo-Espindola J L , Marwan N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a fully automated method for the optimal state space reconstruction from univariate and multivariate time series. The proposed methodology generalizes the time delay embedding procedure by unifying two promising ideas in a symbiotic fashion. Using non-uniform delays allows the successful reconstruction of systems inheriting different time scales. In contrast to the established methods, the minimization of an appropriate cost function determines the embedding dimension without using a threshold parameter. Moreover, the method is capable of detecting stochastic time series and, thus, can handle noise contaminated input without adjusting parameters. The superiority of the proposed method is shown on some paradigmatic models and experimental data from chaotic chemical oscillators.
Fusion reactions around the barrier for Be+238U *
Authors: Mei Bo , Balabanski Dimiter L. , Hua Wei , Zhang Yu-Hu , Zhou Xiao-Hong , Yuan Cen-Xi , Su Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fusion-evaporation cross sections of

U(

Be, 5n)

Cm are measured over a wide energy range around the Coulomb barrier. These measured cross sections are compared with model calculations using two codes, namely HIVAP2 and KEWPIE2. HIVAP2 calculations overestimate the measured fusion-evaporation cross sections by a factor of approximately 3. In KEWPIE2 calculations, two approaches, namely the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation and the empirical barrier-distribution (EBD) method, are used for the capture probability; both of them properly describe the measured cross sections. Additionally, fusion cross sections of

Be+

U measured in two experiments are applied to constrain model calculations further through three codes, i.e., HIVAP2, KEWPIE2, and CCFULL. Parameters in these codes are also examined by comparison with measured fusion cross sections. All the comparisons indicate that the KEWPIE2 calculations using the WKB approximation agree well with the measured cross sections of both fusion reactions

Be+

U and the fusion-evaporation reaction

U(

Be, 5n)

Cm. Calculations using the fusion code CCFULL are also in good agreement with the measured fusion cross sections of

Be+

U.
The international reference system for pure beta-particle emitting radionuclides: an evaluation of the measurement uncertainties
Authors: Coulon Romain , Judge Steven , Liu Haoran , Michotte Carine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The international bureau of weights and measures (BIPM) is the centre for governments to act in common on matters relating to metrology, co-ordinating the world-wide measurement system and providing capabilities for international measurement comparisons on a shared-cost basis. The ionizing radiation department maintains and develops high-precision instrumentation to enable national metrology institutes to demonstrate the equivalence of primary standards of radioactivity. The scope of this service is expanding: the ‘extended international reference system (ESIR)’ project aims to provide a stable instrument capable of comparing standards of pure beta-emitting radionuclides, complementing existing instruments for gamma-emitters. In 2019, the members of the ESIR project devised a liquid scintillation system that is capable of producing very stable reference values over a long timescale, using a method inspired by the ‘triple-to-double coincidence ratio’ (TDCR) technique. This article sets out the approach that will be used for evaluating uncertainties in future comparison exercises using the ESIR. The method adopted was based on the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement published by the joint committee for guides in metrology. Particular care has been taken in choosing the evaluation method: the response of the TDCR instrument cannot be linearized, so a Monte-Carlo method was implemented and a technique to manage correlated input data was developed. A novel sampling technique was used for the input multi-variate distribution of coincident count rates; this approach may also be relevant to primary standards realized using the TDCR technique. Calculation have shown that standard uncertainties of the order of 0.1 % will be achievable for a typical radionuclide.
Research on XBRL Financial Reporting Model under Big Data
Authors: Wen Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The third wave of informatization marked by cloud computing, Internet of Things, and big data is coming. The application of informatization is expanding from the enterprise level to the social level. The enterprises will face the reconstruction of computing platforms and information platforms, as well as the reconstruction of enterprise operation management models and business models. This article conducts extensive surveys and statistics on the application of XBRL financial reports under the big data environment from the two dimensions of the supervisory level and the enterprise, and conducts visual analysis and in-depth discussion, in order to use big data technology to improve the quality of XBRL financial report submission information.
Three-dimensional measurements of animal paths using handheld unconstrained GoPro cameras and VSLAM software
Authors: Brady Parrish C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
I present the system PATMOS (paths and tessellated meshes from ORB_SLAM2) for measuring three-dimensional paths of animals in situ using two handheld GoPro cameras and a small spatial reference object. Animal paths were triangulated from mobile camera positions obtained from a modified version of ORB_SLAM2, an open-source visual simultaneous localization and mapping software package. In addition to path calculation, this process provided a virtual three-dimensional surface approximation to the environment from which path to environment distances can be quantified. PATMOS can also fit a tranquil water’s surface to an analytic plane if there are a sufficient number of visible objects intersecting the water’s surface and can track objects over the water’s surfaces with a single camera by measuring the object with its reflection. This technology was highly portable, could follow moving animals, and gave comparable spatial and temporal resolutions to fixed camera systems that use commercial cameras. An investigation of falling objects yielded a gravitational constant measurement of 978 ± 40 cm s−2. I demonstrated PATMOS’s utility in terrestrial and aquatic environments by quantifying dragonfly flight characteristics and the inter-spatial distances between substrate and damselfish.
Recent progress in nanoformulations of cabazitaxel
Authors: Chen Yu , Pan Yue , Hu Danrong , Peng Jinrong , Hao Ying , Pan Meng , Yuan Liping , Yu Yongyang , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The antitumor efficacy of various paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) formulations in clinical applications is seriously affected by drug resistance. Cabazitaxel, a second-generation taxane, exhibits greater anticancer activity than PTX and DTX and has low affinity for the P-glycoprotein efflux pump because of its structure. Therefore, cabazitaxel has the potential to overcome taxane resistance. However, owing to the high systemic toxicity and hydrophobicity of cabazitaxel and the instability of its commercial preparation, Jevtana®, the clinical use of cabazitaxel is restricted to patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who show progression after DTX-based chemotherapy. Nanomedicine is expected to overcome the limitations associated with cabazitaxel application and surmount taxane resistance. This review outlines the drug delivery systems of cabazitaxel published in recent years, summarizes the challenges faced in the development of cabazitaxel nanoformulations, and proposes strategies to overcome these challenges.
Drivers of change in US residential energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, 1990–2015
Authors: Berrill Peter , Gillingham Kenneth T , Hertwich Edgar G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from residential energy use in the United States peaked in 2005 at 1.26 Gt CO2-eq yr−1, and have since decreased at an average annual rate of 2% yr−1 to 0.96 Gt CO2-eq yr−1 in 2019. In this article we decompose changes in US residential energy supply and GHG emissions over the period 1990–2015 into relevant drivers for four end-use categories. The chosen drivers encompass changing demographics, housing characteristics, energy end-use intensities, and generation efficiency and GHG intensity of electricity. Reductions in household size, growth in heated floor area per house, and increased access to space cooling are the main drivers of increases in energy and GHG emissions after population growth. Growing shares of newer homes, and reductions in intensity of energy use per capita, household, or floor area have produced moderate primary energy and GHG emission reductions, but improved generation efficiency and decarbonization of electricity supply have brought about far bigger primary energy and GHG emission reductions. Continued decline of residential emissions from electrification of residential energy and decarbonization of electricity supply can be expected, but not fast enough to limit climate change to 1.5 °C warming. US residential final energy demand will therefore need to decline in absolute terms to meet such a target. However, without changes in the age distribution, type mix, or average size of housing, improvements in energy efficiency are unlikely to outweigh growth in the number of households from population growth and further household size reductions.
Wilson loops for triangular contours with circular edges
Authors: Dorn Harald 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We calculate Wilson loops in lowest order of perturbation theory for triangular contours whose edges are circular arcs. Based on a suitable disentanglement of the relations between metrical and conformal parameters of the contours, the result fits perfectly in the structure predicted by the anomalous conformal Ward identity. The conformal remainder function depends in the generic 4D case on three cusp and on three torsion angles. The restrictions on these angles imposed by the closing of the contour are discussed in detail and also for cases in 3D and 2D.
Small mechanical vibration reduction system based on adaptive hydraulic gasket
Authors: Lv Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This project designs an adaptive small mechanical damping system based on hydraulic gaskets. The main function is to realize the active damping of small sports machinery and the self-adaptive automatic centering of shafting machinery. The system is mainly composed of hydraulic gaskets, controllers, sensors, and external power sources. The hydraulic vibration reduction device is miniaturized and applied to small power machinery with low cost and high applicability. The vibration damping platform is based on a small power machine designed with a unique hydraulic gasket and an active and passive composite damping system is constructed.
Design of Comprehensive Utilization System of Semiconductor Thermal Power Generation
Authors: Wu Yuzhe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the solar steam generation system, optical materials are obtained through experimental comparison and verification. A nanofluid material composed of a double-layer structure with a light absorber on the upper layer and an insulating material with two-dimensional or three-dimensional water transport channels on the lower layer is proposed, which is hydrophilic It uses capillary force and promotes fluid flow to the hot zone, and interconnected pores are used for fluid flow in and out of the structure. The device is embedded with a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet in the lower layer, the upper surface is in contact with the photothermal layer, and the lower surface is in contact with bulk water. The temperature difference is formed and the electromotive force is generated, which makes the energy utilization efficiency higher.
Research on Application of Self-locking Anchor Rods in the Improvement of wind turbine generator tower foundation
Authors: Hu Junjie , Li Ming , Liao Jiehong , Tan Xingzhou , Gao Zuoping , Zhou Zhiyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article provides a solution to replace the upper equipment while retaining the foundation during the technical transformation of wind power generation. Due to load changes and the damage and defects of the original foundation ring, the connection method to connect the new wind turbine tower and the existing foundation should be redesigned, and the original wind turbine generator tower foundation should be reinforced accordingly. This paper introduces the scheme of using common self-locking anchor rod and prestressed self-locking anchor rod to connect the upper tower and foundation, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes. Two schemes for increasing the foundation and strengthening the foundation with prestressed rock bolts are proposed and compared. Both the ordinary bolt scheme and the prestressed bolt can meet the mechanical properties, but the ordinary bolt construction is convenient and economical; the foundation reinforcement using the prestressed rock anchor scheme is more economical and environmentally friendly.
Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical and Electrical Transient of Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Units
Authors: Xie Huan , Liu Lili , Li Shanying , Liang Hao , Tan Qibang , Song Wenqian , Li Mengdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to study the operation characteristics of large capacity variable-speed pumped storage units connected to the system, the electromechanical transient model is established. Firstly, based on the basic equations of the doubly-fed machine, the generator model represented by an equivalent voltage source is built. Secondly, on the premise of coupling term cancellation, the frequency conversion controller, frequency converter and generator connection module are normalized. Then, the generator model and variable frequency controller model are integrated to form the electromechanical transient model of the unit, which is not only the fitting of external characteristics but also retains the dynamic process of the motor flux linkage and the dynamic characteristics of the controller’s inner loop. Finally, the electromechanical transient model is simulated on the RTDS platform. The simulation results show that the model is correct and effective, which is of great significance to the study of transient problems of large-capacity doubly-fed units connected to the grid.
Research on mechanical compensation power recovery hydraulic pump-motor test system
Authors: Niu Yuxiang , Jin Xiaxie , Xing Keli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an online closed-loop control mechanical compensation power recovery scheme is designed. This solution is based on PID algorithm to control the displacement of the loading motor to match the optimal system loading flow; At the same time, the variable control method of the loading hydraulic motor is improved to make the variable characteristics of the hydraulic loading motor better. Based on this scheme, a simulation model was built and analyzed in MapleSim. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme was verified by experiments.
Research on Utilization of Flue GasFromTitanium Slag Smelting in the Closed Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Huang Shihong , Long XianHao , Cui Yan , Lei Ting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the nature of the tail gas produced from titanium slag smelting process in the closed electric arc furnace, the feasibility of the tail gas utilization scheme is discussed for the titanium slag smelting environment, and the purification process and utilization scheme of the tail gas from titanium slag smelting are introduced. The purified electric furnace tail gas is used for preheating the titanium concentrate raw materials, which can save 15-20% of electric energy and reduce production costs.