bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researches on the Somatic Cells in Buffalo Cow Milk and Their Significance
Authors: STETCA Gheorghe , CHINDRIS Vasile , POP Anamaria 
Published: December 2021

It has been proved that there is a direct correlation between the somatic cells within the buffalo cow milk and the health state of the mammary gland.
The presence of somatic cells in the milk has a hygienic significance in tracking down subclinical mastitis which often develops.
The number of somatic cells in the buffalo cow milk is considered a more sensible test than determining the percentage of chloride, the value of lactose, the value of serum albumin, the measurement of electric conductibility and of enzymatic activity
Production of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Rye Sourdough
Authors: VASILEAN Ina , NEAGU Corina , APRODU Iuliana , BANU Iuliana 
Published: December 2021

It is well know that the use of surdough is essential for rye bread making. Some bacterial starter cultures have the abilities to synthesize the homoexopolysaccharides (HoPS) in sourdoughs. The HoPS improve the texture, quality and shelf life of bread, and are known to have prebiotic behavior.
The aim of our study was to investigate the abilities of six starter strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to produce HoPS in sourdoughs. Four starter strains from MIUG collection Weissella confusa (UGAL1), Lactococcus lactis ssp. Lactis (UGAL2), Lactobacillus plantarum (15GAL), Lactobacillus brevis (16GAL), and two comercial strains Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis (DI-PROX MTTX) and Lactobacillus helveticus (LH-B02), were used. The sourdougs were prepared using whole meal rye; the dough yield was 300. After 20 hours of fermentation at 37°C the HoPS were separated, and after acid hydrolysis the monosaccharides were quantified using enzymatic UV method, and by high-performance liquid chromatography.
The total water-soluble polysaccharides content from sourdough was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Excepting the 15GAL and 16GAL strains, all other tested LAB are HoPS-producing. The levels of HoPS ranged between 0.88 to 1.75 mg/g of whole rye flour.
Levels of Salt in Romanian Food in 2009
Authors: ZUGRAVU Corina Aurelia , PARVU Monica , TARCEA Monica , PATRASCU Daniela , STOIAN Anca 
Published: December 2021

Salt is the oldest preservative used for food. But the excessive consume of salt is at the origin of blood hypertension, a problem responsible for a huge number of human diseases and deaths. As a consequence, the level of salt added in processed food has to diminish progressively.
At the end of 2009, the Public Health Authorities from 29 Romanian counties reported results from the salt analysis of 1321 samples of different foods.
The highest levels of salt were found in “telemea” cheese and the significant salt content in other widely consumed food underlined the necessity for a joined effort in order to bring down salt and to comply with the World Health Organization target
Oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) and troilite (FeS) impurities in kaolinitic clays after calcination
Authors: Zunino Franco , Scrivener Karen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractValorisation of locally available clays for producing blended cements is crucial for a widespread adoption of sustainable binders incorporating these materials. In some places, clays can be intermixed with small amounts of iron sulfides, which could eventually expand in the alkaline media of concrete and lead to cracking if clay particles are sufficiently fine. This study explored the stability of iron sulfides, namely troilite and pyrite, during calcination of clays and their influence in reactivity. It was found that both troilite and pyrite decompose and oxidize into hematite under typical calcination conditions for clays. Furthermore, there is no negative influence of the presence of iron sulfide phases on the reactivity of calcined clays. This shows that these clays are suitable for use in blended cements, provided that adequate quality control is conducted to ensure a complete decomposition of the iron sulfide phases.
Acoustic quality assessment in a classroom through simulations and measurements
Authors: Nascimento Eriberto Oliveira do , Zannin Paulo Henrique Trombetta 
Published: December 2021

The acoustic quality in a classroom directly impacts the educational relationship between the student and the teacher, reducing speech intelligibility. In addition, inadequate acoustic comfort burdens the vocal health of teachers. This study evaluated a classroom at the Federal University of Paraná, Campus Centro Politécnico, to verify its acoustic quality. The measurements of the acoustics descriptors: Reverberation Time (RT), Definition (D50), Central Time (Ts), Early Decay Time (EDT) were performed according to the ISO 3382-2 standard, concerning Noise Curves (NC) and Background Noise (BGN) these were evaluated by the NBR 10152 and S12.2 standards. The Speech Transmission Index (STI) was measured according to IEC 60268-16 and evaluated according to ISO 9921. The useful-detrimental ratio (U50) and the other descriptors were simulated in the ODEON software version 11. Thus, the results showed that the evaluated room did not meet the minimum requirements in terms of acoustic quality, for the descriptors RT, STI, Ts, D50, RF, and NC. Simultaneously, the RT and STI were also outside the limits established by the German and Finnish standards. Therefore, it is concluded that the evaluated classroom did not reach the minimum acoustic quality requirements.
Bir Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Yaşlı Ayrımcılığına İlişkin Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: KARABEKİROĞLU Büşra , KUŞ Celal , GÜMÜŞTAKIM Raziye 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşlı ayrımcılığına ilişkin tutumlarını ve bu tutumlarının sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğrenim dönemi Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya 224 tıp fakültesi öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen 22 soruluk anket ve Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeği (YATÖ) gönüllü hekim adaylarına yüz yüze ya da internet aracılığıyla uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular:Öğrencilerin YATÖ toplam puan ortalaması 68.28±7.54 olarak bulundu. YATÖ toplam puan ve alt boyut puanları ile en uzun süre yaşanılan yer, anne eğitim düzeyi, yaşlı bireyle yaşama öyküsü, ileride ebeveynle yaşama isteği, yaşlı bireylere sağlık hizmeti sunma isteği, yaşlı hastalar ve hastalıkları hakkında eğitim alma durumları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p
The Ecological Theology of the Indonesian Gayo Tribe: The Integration of Tawhīd Values into their Trade Tradition
Authors: Sukiman Sukiman 
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes the process of integration of tawhīd (believing in one God) values with trade tradition among the Gayo tribe, which helped to improve their economy and create a more prosperous way of life. This tribe is domiciled in the central region of Aceh, whose origins are Old Malays, and they have lived for a long time in the highlands of Gayo. Thus, they were involved in typical economic activities such as farming, gardening, fishing, rearing of livestock, as well as household businesses and tourism, which were carried out systemically and periodically by the government and jointly supervised by agricultural experts. However, every work carried out had monotheism values with an emphasis on faith and worship because all natural resources were believed to be owned by Allah SWT. This study uses a qualitative approach in which the data collected were in the form of words, images, and not numbers. Results revealed that by capitalizing on faith and piety, the Gayo tribe believes that they can achieve happiness and blessings like the people of Gayo Land who strictly practice Islam in their daily lives and have a blessed, prosperous and dignified life from God.
The role of magnesium supplement in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease
Authors: Gobind Adhira 
Published: December 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is one of the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal disorder encountered in clinical practice and its optimal treatment is not standardized. The role of magnesium in the human body functions is often underestimated. Since magnesium (Mg) plays a major role in the regulation of smooth muscle contractionby relaxing the pyloric sphincter and enhancing gastric emptying, thereby decreasing the pressure on the LES, it was hypothesized that adding magnesium supplements along with the regular treatment for LPRD, can improve LPRD symptoms. Magnesium has a neutralizing action on the gastric acid and therefore, it may be pertinent to achieve optimal Mg intakes in patients with LPRD.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study done over a period of 1 year conducted in a tertiary care hospital in central India in patients presenting with LPRD of the age group 18-65 years. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study patients were divided into two groups-one treated with esmoprazole 40 mg capsules and alginate syrup and the other with esmoprazole capsules, alginate syrup and magnesium glycinate (250 mg) supplement. Both the groups showed appreciable improvement in their mean reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) at 1 month and 3 months follow-up. Females showed a higher preponderance than males in the disease, symptoms and the mean RSI and RFS score.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Addition of magnesium supplements along with the regular treatment for LPRD, can improve LPRD symptoms and should be considered in the treatment protocol of LPRD.</p>
Clinicopathological study of non-malignant lesions of larynx: a prospective observational study
Authors: N. Shivaram Gautaam , P. Gopakumar K. , M. Suresh Kumar , Krishnan Ragitha Binu 
Published: December 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Non-malignant lesions of the larynx constitute an interesting array of lesions. The significance of non-malignant lesions lies in the fact that it cannot only cause change in voice but, at times, can lead to breathing difficulty or life-threatening stridor.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective observational study done between November 2019 - July 2020. All the details were filled up by the principal investigator in a structured study proforma. This proforma contains data regarding essential demographic details, clinical features, ENT examination, flexible video laryngoscopy findings, stroboscopy findings, voice handicap index, diagnosis and management. Statistical method and data analysis in this study we tried to describe the analysis process with appropriate methods and principles of statistics, using the data collected from the patients, participated in this study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common non-malignant lesion among the 50 patients studied was vocal cord polyp; second most common being the vocal cord cyst. The relation of hoarseness of voice, difficulty in breathing, smoking or alcohol intake with non-malignant lesions showed a statistically significant result. On interpreting the stroboscopic findings of various lesions, all cases of vocal nodule showed an hourglass-shaped glottic closure.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These lesions can create a lot of mental and emotional tension in the patient and the family. Early diagnosis of the lesions can lead to effective management and functional recovery. Stroboscopy is valued for its excellent ability to examine the structure and the function of the glottis during phonation.</p>
Role of cholesterol in cognitive function in the elderly
Authors: Deshpande V K , Doda Vishwin 
Published: December 2021

The role of cholesterol in Cognitive Decline is less known as compared to other pathologies linked with dyslipidaemia. However, Cholesterol is well-known to have multiple functions in normal functioning of the brain and the aging process. This study therefore aimed at finding a co-relation, if any, between Cholesterol and age-related cognitive decline.To assess Cognitive Function of subjects and compare it with respective blood cholesterol levels. The study included 50 elderly subjects from Maharashtra (females: 12%) assessed using Marathi version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and their cholesterol blood concentrations obtained using a Lipid Profile investigation. Cholesterol levels and cognitive function was then co-related using statistical analysis.The subjects with a higher Total Cholesterol & LDL Cholesterol had slightly less scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Test. However, the difference was found to be significant.Based on the results obtained, no relevant co-relation could be found between Blood Cholesterol Levels and Cognitive Function
The role of the party factor in the implementation of electoral strategies (by the example of local elections in 2020)
Authors: Komarnytskyy V. 
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the dynamics of changes in the activity and participation of political parties in the implementation of electoral strategies and technologies by the example of local elections in 2020. In particular, a wide range of techniques implemented by regional organizations of political parties during the campaign was studied. It is found out that in the conditions of decentralization reform and the new Electoral Code of Ukraine lower party organizations were not only involved into the electoral process, but were also empowered to form representative local authorities and develop their political policies.
It is stated that mandatory membership of party, open lists in local council elections and gender quotas in those lists became normative innovations for political parties. At the same time, it was found out that the party factor proved to be relevant also for the candidates for mayors, 80% of which were nominated by parties in regional centers. Having analyzed open data of the Central Election Commission the author ascertains that one fifth of the top candidates for mayors of regional centers were representatives of local political projects – parties, which activities are focused on specific regions or even communities. It is found out that because of reputational risks related to low rating of both the political forces as well as the institution of political parties in general there is a tendency to keep a distance from parliamentary parties.
Political technologies used by parties in local elections are carried over from one campaign to another – bribery of voters, voting tourism, involvement of “clone” candidates, speculating on polls, ignoring sociological tools, manipulating party branding et cetera. Among other peculiarities there are the deepening of interparty competition, the struggle of the “first non-passing” and the “last passing” candidates in party lists, which indicates the deformation of communication component in the activities of political parties and the lack of stable party structure with defined roles and functions. Resolving these problems is a priority in the strategy of party organization and administration in the state.
Separation of jurisdiction of the court of administrative and general jurisdiction in labor disputes
Authors: Kropyvna K. 
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of procedural relations, as well as the delimitation of the administrative process from civil-procedural activity on the subjects of consideration of labor disputes. It is emphasized that the problem of distinguishing material public law from private is always an important problem. Not all labor relations fall under the signs of private law, in which the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals are protected, but most of them are regulated by labor legislation, which is based on the legislation regulating private relations. However, there are relations that arise between state bodies and citizens governed by labor law, but their regulation falls within the sphere of public law. Disputes arising from these legal relationships are resolved by the administrative court. Protection of certain labor relations is also carried out with the application of administrative liability, cases concerning this are considered by a court of general jurisdiction.
The author notes that the legislator provided for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of workers by the competent authorities to apply measures of administrative coercion. After all, being the main method of administrative activity, persuasion is not always a very effective measure to influence the behavior of those who commit illegal acts. In this regard, the state, protecting the inviolability of the regulated labor relations of the person, his right to work and adequate remuneration, the legitimate interests of citizens, their teams, trade unions, the rights and responsibilities of owners of enterprises, institutions and organizations, authorizes employees authorities to apply coercion to those who are not influenced by persuasion and public influence. Administrative coercion is applied on the basis of persuasion, the means of influence of which have already been exhausted. One of the types of measures of administrative coercion used in the consideration of labor disputes in order to protect labor relations is administrative liability. Cases of this jurisdiction are considered by a court of general jurisdiction.
The author defines the criteria for distinguishing between labor disputes, which belong to the competence of the administrative court (considered in administrative proceedings and regulated by the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine) and general jurisdiction (considered in civil proceedings and regulated by the Labor Code).
Activities of the United Nations against the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Syroid T. 
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the provisions of international acts of universal nature, adopted under the auspices of the United Nations, which defines the activities of the Organization, Member States and the world community in the field of combating COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the Strategic preparedness and response plan, the Global humanitarian response plan, and the United Nations framework program for immediate socioeconomic response to COVID-19 were disclosed. Attention is paid to the reports of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in particular: “Shared responsibility, global solidarity: responding to the socioeconomic consequences of COVID-19” (March, 2020), “Comprehensive response of the United Nations to COVID-19: saving people, protecting society, more effective recovery” (June, 2020), “United Nations plan to save lives, protect communities, recover better than it was” (September, 2020). Attention is paid to the role of specialized agencies, United Nations treaty-based bodies in the field of human rights protection during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Emphasis is placed on the recommendations developed by these institutions to protect vulnerable categories of persons (minors, elderly people, persons deprived of liberty) during a pandemic.
The focus is on the activities of specialized financial institutions, which are a material platform for the implementation of tasks in fighting the pandemic, in particular, the Solidarity Fund to Combat COVID-19, the COVID-19 Response Fund. Relevant conclusions and recommendations have been made
Investigation of the co-firing of natural gas and RDF in a model combustion chamber**
Authors: Kobzar Serhii , Topal Olexandr , Haponych Liudmyla , Golenko Iryna 
Published: December 2021

The production and utilization of fuel derived from municipal solid waste (RDF/SFR) is an effective method for saving organic fuel and decreasing emissions of harmful substances and greenhouse gases at landfill and refuse dumps. Ukraine has a potential for the production of 1.5–2 million tons of RDF/SFR with a calorific value of 10–25 MJ/kg annually. In the case of involving these fuels to power sector, about 2500 GW-h of electricity and 4500 GW-h of heat can be produced annually. One of the promising variants to involve RDF/SFR to power sector is their combustion, including co-firing with natural gas, aimed at the production of heat and electricity, in particular, using the existing boilers of small and middle steam capacity in compliance with stringent ecological requirements (Directive 2010/75/EU etc.).
For performing this investigation, we chose a GMP-16 gas-and-oil-fired burner, mounted into a cylindrical combustion chamber. The gas-and-oil-fired hot-water boilers of KVGM grade, designed for heating and hot water supply, are equipped with burners of this type. In computer modeling, we determined the influence of RDF additions on the co-firing with natural gas for a given geometry of the combustion chamber components (with a burner of 18.6 MW heat output). We obtained calculated dependences of temperatures, velocities, distributions of gas component concentrations, carbon remained in the solid phase, as well as the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide over the combustion chamber. According to preliminary assessments, we established that additions of up to 20% RDF/SFR (by heat at input) in their co-firing with natural gas will not change substantially the technical and ecological parameters in operation of the combustion chamber.