bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelos de biomasa y carbono para árboles de Gmelina arborea en plantaciones clonales
Authors: Fonseca-González William , Murillo-Cruz Rafael , Ávila-Arias Carlos , Rojas-Vargas Marilyn , Spínola Parallada Romeo Manuel 
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: La evaluación de la biomasa y el desarrollo de modelos es un elemento clave para determinar el potencial de mitigación del cambio climático de los ecosistemas forestales. Los bosques plantados año tras año ocupan mayor área, también adquieren mayor relevancia en el almacenamiento de carbono, pero existe poca información sobre la cuantificación de biomasa y carbono para la diversidad de especies, sitios y grado de manejo. [Objetivo]: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la biomasa de los distintos componentes o fracciones (hojas, ramas, fuste, raíz) del árbol. [Metodología]: Por medio del método destructivo e indirecto, para construir modelos predictivos de biomasa y carbono para los distintos componentes del árbol. Los modelos se desarrollaron por medio del método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios que utiliza como variable predictora el diámetro normal. [Resultados]: Estas ecuaciones explicaron más del 92 % de la variabilidad observada en biomasa y el carbono, con errores de estimados inferiores a 8.5 %, excepto para el carbono en hojas con menor ajuste (R2= 78.2) y mayor error (10.9 %). El fuste representó el 65.6 % de biomasa total del árbol, tiene 37 % de materia seca y 0.48 de fracción de carbono. [Conclusiones]: El aporte del follaje a la biomasa y carbono total del árbol es mínimo, por lo cual debería justificarse muy bien la asignación de tiempo y recursos para evaluar este componente. Los modelos elegidos son muy prácticos de usar porque requieren solo del diámetro como variable predictora.
Valoración ecológica de los servicios ecosistémicos prestados por el suelo en fincas cafeteras en Belén de Umbría, Colombia
Authors: Bedoya-Gómez Bis Davidson , Dossman-Gil Miguel Angel , Marín-Fernández Jeferson 
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: Los beneficios que presta el suelo por medio de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación, son importantes para el desarrollo de los sistemas productivos de café y son estratégicos para la adaptación al cambio climático. [Objetivo]: En la presente investigación se buscó valorar ecológicamente los servicios ecosistémicos prestados por el suelo en fincas cafeteras de La Cuchilla de San Juan. [Metodología]: Se colectó información en dos periodos de tiempo sobre las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos de 15 predios. Se delimitaron 3 unidades de análisis denominadas ventanas, donde se determinaron 6 servicios ecosistémicos (disponibilidad de nutrientes, de agua, de actividad microbiológica, capacidad de enraizamiento, resistencia a la erosión y sumidero de dióxido de carbono). Se definieron las variables con mayor peso en la variabilidad de los servicios ecosistémicos y se realizó un proceso de estandarización para el manejo adecuado de la información. Se generaron tres índices (óptimo, de comportamiento y de gestión). [Resultados]: Se identificó que la disponibilidad de nutrientes y de actividad microbiológica es baja, la resistencia a la erosión y sumidero de dióxido de carbono varía entre bajo y medio, en tanto, la disponibilidad de agua y capacidad de enraizamiento varía entre medio y alto. El predio El Consuelo, obtuvo la mejor valoración; La Mirla, Los Pinos y El Progreso fueron los predios con menor valoración. [Conclusiones]: Se pudo evidenciar que las dinámicas antrópicas han incidido directamente en las condiciones del suelo, y por ello, es importante la planificación predial de los territorios.
Overlapping Speech in Caryl Churchill’s Hot Fudge
Authors: Ivanchenko Andriy 
Published: January 2021

Andriy Ivanchenko (Chukyo University)
The script of Caryl Churchill’s short play Hot Fudge (similarly to several other plays by this author) contains detailed directions for overlapping conversation. At certain points in the play these may be contributing to a number of effects similar to those described for the naturally occurring “collaborative floor”, such as participants’ enthusiasm and mutual support. The importance of an “interactive” approach to constructed conversation is pointed out in the article, particularly that of analysing the overlapped speaker’s response to appreciate discursive significance of the overlapping turn. For instance, acknowledging and/or reusing the other’s overlapping formulations in a non-oppositional format can show the speaker’s understanding of those contributions as collaboratively oriented. Therefore, an “interactive” interpretation of overlapping dialogue in a dramatic text will affect the reader’s understanding of the interpersonal context (e.g. dominance-seeking / mutual support / collaboration between pairs of speakers). Particularly, an “interactive” approach is taken to show how certain kinds of overlapping similar to those described for the naturally occurring conversation can be used dramatically for supportive rather than conflictive ends. Overall, it is shown how the dramatic characters’ interpersonal orientations become inferable from their use of certain dialogic options.
Toxicological, enzymatic, and immunochemical characterization of Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae) reference venom from Panama
Authors: Uribe-Arjona Alina , De Patiño Hildaura Acosta , Martínez-Cortés Víctor , Correa-Ceballos David , Rodríguez Abdiel , Gómez-Leija Leandra , Vega Natalia , Gutiérrez José María , Otero-Patiño Rafael 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT: Introduction: It is estimated that 2000 snakebites occur in Panama every year, 70% of which are inflicted by B. asper. Objective: To determine the biochemical and toxicologic effects and to assess the immunochemical characteristics of the reference B. asper venom experimentally used in this work. Methods: The venom was prepared as a homogeneous mixture of the venoms obtained from 78 adult specimens of this species collected in four geographic areas of Panama. Enzymatic and toxicologic activities were assayed following the specific methodologies of each experiment. SDS-PAGE (15% gel) was carried out under reducing conditions. Subsequently, Western blotting was performed. Results: It was found that this venom has lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, edema-forming, coagulant, defibrinating, proteinase and phospholipase A2 activities. SDS-PAGE (15%) showed the presence in this venom of protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 8 to 70kDa, with the presence of predominant bands at ≈ 15kDa and ≈ 30 to 66kDa, which probably correspond to phospholipases A2 (the former) and metalloproteinases (the latter), respectively. Through immunoblotting, a high degree of recognition by various antivenoms was observed, mainly from Colombian and Costa Rican antivenoms. Conclusion: This B. asper reference venom will be highly useful for the preclinical evaluation of antivenoms.
Roberta Spaemanna próba przywrócenia myślenia teleologicznego we współczesnej filozofii
Authors: Biesaga Tadeusz 
Published: January 2021

Artykuł rekonstruuje dzieje likwidacji teleologii bytu w myśleniu filozoficznym. Wskazuje na teoretyczne źródła tego procesu oraz na jego katastrofalne skutki praktyczne. Już pod koniec średniowiecza św. Tomasza genialna synteza teleologii Arystotelesa z chrześcijańską nauką o stworzeniu została zakwestionowana przez teologów nominalistów. Dzieło destrukcji kontynuowała filozofia nowożytna i współczesna. Dziś bez większego trudu można zauważyć, że proces ten teoretycznie prowadzi do samolikwidacji tego myślenia, a praktycznie do katastrofalnych skutków niszczących przyrodę i cielesność człowieka. Przywrócenie myślenia teleologicznego w filozofii pozwala określić granicę, miarę, kryteria i normy aktywności człowieka względem przyrody oraz względem istot żywych i względem niego samego.
Prepozytywistyczna (?) koncepcja filozofii narodowej Michała Wiszniewskiego. cz. 2: Charakter i język filozofii narodowej
Authors: Cygan Milena 
Published: January 2021

Termin „filozofia narodowa” obejmuje swym znaczeniem te specyficzne trendy filozoficzne, które występowały w wieku XIX, w okresie romantyzmu. Niemniej nie wszyscy myśliciele, którzy rozwijali koncepcję filozofii narodowej, należeli do tego wiodącego wówczas nurtu. Romantykiem nie był na pewno Wiszniewski, co też, między innymi, starano się pokazać w pierwszej części artykułu. Jednakże, podobnie jak każdy, kto postulował potrzebę stworzenia filozofii narodowej, tak i Wiszniewski stanął przed koniecznością określenia, czym według niego miałaby się charakteryzować filozofia narodowa, czyli stanął przed koniecznością określenia jej charakteru narodowego, stosunku do filozofii w ogóle, a także języka, w jakim miałaby się wyrażać. Tym zagadnieniom został poświęcony artykuł w swojej drugiej części. Stanowi on ponadto próbę oceny omawianej koncepcji Wiszniewskiego, a także odpowiedzi na pytanie „czy?” i na „ile?” można ją określić jako prepozytywistyczną.
Koncepcja ucieleśnionego podmiotu w filozofii Calvina Schraga
Authors: Winiarska Paulina 
Published: January 2021

Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję ucieleśnionego podmiotu w ujęciu amerykańskiego filozofa Calvina O. Schraga. Sama kwestia istnienia podmiotu jest w koncepcji filozofa dość skomplikowanym zagadnieniem. Odnosimy czasem wrażenie, jakby jego istnienie – rozpięte między różnymi dyskursami – było dość efemeryczne; takie, że nie można mu w żaden sposób przypisać realnego istnienia. Być może można by mu przypisać istnienie intencjonalne, czyli takie, które jest podtrzymywane na mocy zachodzących aktów świadomości. Na podstawie analiz przeprowadzonych w niniejszym artykule omówiono podstawowe różnice i zależności między takimi elementami, jak: jaźń, Self, podmiot. Amerykański myśliciel stwierdza, że podmiot jest zawsze ucieleśniony, a w akcie działania ujawnia się jego cielesność. Ciało podmiotu jest nie tylko „kostiumem”, ale częścią bycia Ja. Podmiot w ujęciu Schraga jest zawsze tym, który doświadcza i na kanwie tego doświadczenia buduje otaczający go świat.
Filozoficzna droga Paola Valoriego
Authors: Mietelski Tymoteusz 
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie filozoficznej twórczości Paola Valoriego (1919–2003). Był on jednym z najważniejszych przedstawicieli fenomenologii we Włoszech. Analiza jego głównych tekstów pozwala zaprezentować drogę do zainteresowania fenomenologią, zwłaszcza koncepcję fenomenologicznej analizy doświadczenia moralnego. Valori ukazuje specyfikę doświadczenia moralnego, a także postuluje potrzebę ontologii moralnej. Artykuł ukazuje źródła tego przekonania oraz proponowane cechy takiej ontologii.
W poszukiwaniu aksjologicznych podstaw dla etyki działań biotechnologicznych
Authors: Szymoniak Krzysztof 
Published: January 2021

Biotechnologia należy do jednej z najszybciej rozwijających się dziedzin nauki. We współczesnej debacie bioetycznej nierzadko spotkać można opinię wskazującą na to, że biotechnologię jako naukę należy uznać za etycznie neutralną, a jedynie jej zastosowania powinny podlegać kwalifikacji moralnej. Zaprezentowana w artykule charakterystyka biotechnologii skłania autora do zaproponowania tezy przeciwnej. W pracy badawczej biotechnolog napotyka zagadnienia domagające się podejmowania decyzji o charakterze moralnym. Stąd w artykule przedstawiono pogląd, iż praktyka naukowa należąca do biotechnologii „nasycona” jest wartościami moralnymi. Uznanie aksjologicznego i etycznego wymiaru biotechnologii prowadzi jednocześnie do wniosku, że w codziennej praktyce badawczej naukowiec winien świadomie uwzględnić moralne aspekty swoich działań oraz wziąć pod uwagę dobro osoby ludzkiej. W artykule zaproponowano również ogólny model etosu biotechnologa oparty na etyce personalistyczno-tomistycznej.
Investigation of Antibacterial Activity of Juglone – Poly(ε-caprolactone) - Alumina Composite Films
Authors: HOŞ Ayşegül , OLGUN Uğursoy , TUNÇ Kenan 
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to produce Juglone – Poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)
- Alumina (Al2O3) composite films and determine their
antibacterial properties. PCL-Al2O3 composite films
containing 1% and 5% juglone were prepared using roll mill method. Juglone –
Poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) - Alumina (Al2O3) composite
films were found to have 100% antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. It is thought that Juglone-PCL-Al2O3
composite films may have potential application in food packaging and personal
care products in order to ensure microbial safety and extend shelf life of food
and personal care products.
TATA KELOLA PENGEMBANGAN MUTU SEKOLAH BERBASIS STANDAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nurdin Diding Nurdin , Abubakar Abubakar , Sururi Sururi 
Published: January 2021

Tata kelola pengembangan mutu sekolah menjadi isu penting yang perlu menjadi tanggung jawab bersama antara kepala sekolah, guru, dan peran serta masyarakat untuk mewujudkannya. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah agar kepala sekolah dan guru memiliki kemampuan untuk mengembangkan tata kelola mutu sekolah secara berkelanjutan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan melalui kolaborasi tim dosen pengabdian masyarakat, Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Purwakarta dan Kepala Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri dan Sekolah Dasar Negeri sebanyak 30 orang kepala sekolah. Metode yang dilakukan melalui workshop dan pendampingan terhadap kepala sekolah dan tim pengembang mutu sekolah. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan adanya perubahan mindset dan kompetensi kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan Tata Kelola Sekolah dalam meraih mutu sekolah.Urgensi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melalui workshop dan pendampingan ini dapat meningkatkan kompetensi kepala sekolah dan tim pengembang sekolah dalam meraih mutu sekolah berbasis pada 8 Standar Nasional Pendidikan.
Association of blood uric acid with the duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetics: A pilot study
Authors: Pinjar Mohammed Jaffer , K Chandini , Manogna G 
Published: January 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is the most common non-communicable disease which is vastly conquering both the developed & developing countries of the world. Hypothesis: serum uric acid plays as an independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Studies revealing the clearance of uric acid reduced with insulin resistance are few in numbers. A positive correlation between uric acid and glucose levels leads to the development of type 2 diabetes. To correlate the levels of blood uric acid with the duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetics. Fifteen type 2 diabetes patients with no history of any complications and other systemic organ & metabolic disorders like gout & obesity randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. A biochemical investigation, like the Uricase method employed for fasting serum uric acid levels estimation. Statistical analysis by the Pearson correlation test used. Positive correlation of serum uric acid with the duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetic patients found to be statistically significant (r = +0.6, p &#60; 0.05). Out of fifteen, eleven of them were suffering from hyperuricemia (73%). Average uric acid level elevated from 6.88 ± 0.95 in people with the duration of diabetes 2 to 6 years to 7.61 ± 3.16 in people with the duration of diabetes 7 to 10 years. The positive association of fasting serum uric acid with the duration of type 2 diabetes suggests that uric acid acts as an independent biochemical marker for prognosis of the type 2 diabetes. Drugs that reduce the uric acid levels may be useful in avoiding the development and prognosis of insulin resistance that causes type 2 diabetes and other complications.
Morphometry of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae and its clinical significance in South Indian population
Authors: G Prabavathy , T Sadeesh , J Jayaganesh 
Published: January 2021

Literature shows multiple variations within the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae. To study the morphometry of foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae on both sides. The foramen transversarium of three-hundred-fifty dry human cervical vertebras of unknown age and sex was studied. The dimensions of the main foramen and the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium were measured and tabulated. Among 350 vertebrae studied, the accessory foramina was noted in 66 (19%) vertebrae. On 21 (6%) vertebrae the accessory foramen was noted on both sides of the vertebra and in the remaining 45 (13%), it was observed on one side. When observing unilateral cases, 30 were present on the right side and 15 were on the left side. In both unilateral and bilateral cases, the increased incidence of accessory foramina was noted more in the C6 vertebra. A significant increase in the diameter of the foramen transversarium was observed on the left side of all vertebras studied. Successful surgical management in degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases of the cervical spine needs well-detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical spinal column.In our study, we found a noted increase in the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium. These morphometric parameters will be added data and can serve as a helpful guide while performing various surgeries of the neck region and for proper interpretation of X-rays and CT scan.
Pilot study: Adroitly utilize online classes during COVID crisis
Authors: M S Chaitra , N D Chaitra , G Pushpa 
Published: January 2021

To contain COVID-19, most education institutions around the globe have been temporarily closed, impacting millions of students.Many medical universities have opted for online classes. Online teaching in medical universities is a novelty, and it poses different sets of challenges compared to regular classes. Since online teaching might persist for a longer time, this study was conducted to help students gain maximum out of these online classes. 150 First year medical students were selected for the study. Students were divided into two random groups (A &B) of 75 each. Group A were informed about the topic of the class and were encouraged to study prior to the class. Group B students attended the class without any preparation, but were instructed to study the topic immediately after completion of online lecture. Both the groups were compared for their involvement during the lecture class and their understanding of the topic were statistically analyzed. Group A scored better than group B with significant P value (&#60;0.05). This shows, Group A had a better understanding of the topic compared to Group B. This Study also shows method followed by Group A was significantly better compared to Group B. Group A, being aware of upcoming lecture class topic and had prepared, were more attentive in class, as well as interactive and performed better in the assessment. This study suggests to reduce the duration of online class, share the material of the class prior and encourage students to prepare on the topic for better results of online classes.
Book Reviews
Authors: Matsuda Yoshiko , Zhou Lan , Okamoto Yasumasa 
Published: January 2021

Emi Hamana, Shakespeare Performances in Japan: Intercultural-Multi-cultural-Translingual. Yokohama: Shumpusha, 2019. Pp. 188.
Li Jun, Popular Shakespeare in China: 1993-2008. Beijing: University of International Business and Economics Press, 2016. Pp. 199.
Soji Iwasaki’s Japanese Translation of Shakespeare, The Sonnets and A Lover’s Complaint. Revised edition. Tokyo: Kokubunsha, 2019. Pp. 242.
Virtual and Augmented Realities in Nursing Education: State of the Science
Authors: Aebersold Michelle , Dunbar Dawne-Marie 
Published: January 2021

The use of simulation in nursing education is an integrated part of the curriculum and has demonstrated the benefit for learning in nursing students at all levels. The next stage in simulation-based learning will utilize the wide variety of new technologies that are currently available, including virtual and augmented reality. The use of these new technologies brings with it a need for standard definitions, evaluation of its impact on learning, and new opportunities for research. Efforts are underway to standardized definitions and publish early findings on research using these new technologies. There are many opportunities available for nursing educators to create a new era of simulation-based learning methodologies by incorporating virtual and augmented realities in their curriculum. The state of the science is showing promising outcomes and commercial products are maturing.The utilization of these new technologies should be approached in the same way as other learning methodologies as many new ideas and ways of learning are emerging in this area. It will be critical for nursing educators and faculty to determine the optimal ways to utilize them.
Transparency Regarding the Tax Avoidance in Indonesia: A Philosophical Review
Authors: Wijaya Yudi Yasmin , Efendi A’an , Tanuwijaya Fanny , Hamida Nilna Aliyan 
Published: January 2021

Tax avoidance has become a significant problem that adversely impacts the state's financial system, and its impact can obstruct the state, resulting in distrust of the government. The distrust towards the government, generally due to the reason for tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is fundamentally people's awareness of economic democracy. In Indonesia, the current discussion refers to the Tax Procedure Act, specifically regulates the obligation of the taxpayer, but limiting the rights of taxpayers. It becomes a crucial problem of transparency as part of social rights. Although the activities indicate, democracy practice but other critical challenges affect its implementation. The state, as a people's forum, has an unrealized purpose and has the potential national disintegration. The potential of disintegration forms transparency in the taxation system. Transparency in the tax management can provide accountability between the government and citizens to maintain the effectiveness of tax administration. Using transparency in the taxation system is an excellent solution for a democratic economy. By using doctrinal research, tax transparency has aspects of being balanced to realize the welfare of the country. Balancing the features of the taxation system requires the right transmission to achieve the country's purpose for people's welfare.
Keywords: Transparency, Tax Avoidance, Tax Law.
Examining Recall of the House Member: How Does It Impact on Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia?
Authors: Jayus Jayus , Ulum Muhammad Bahrul , Taufiqurrohman Moch. Marsa 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to discuss the existing contentious recall policy that becomes the legitimate reason to replace or retire the House member proposed by political parties. The discussion also examines to what extent recall, in practice, whether it enables the promotion of Indonesia's anti-corruption agenda. Through the recall, political parties can withdraw their members in the House, either in the form of dismissal or changing positions before the end of the term of office of members who sit in the House of representatives. This study finds that the existing recall policy impedes democracy and negates how to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. As a result, the current policy needs an option to ensure that recall will work as it is expected. Therefore, this alternative should include constituents to propose recall, which will disrupt the existing parties' domination, resulted in a more participatory system, and it reflects the more reciprocal ways to link people, parties, and the House in Indonesian politics. The judiciary's role is another essential aspect to highlight, in which the process and settlement of the recall may involve the Constitutional Court as the hub of the political and constitutional settlement.
KEYWORDS: Indonesian Democracy, Anti-Corruption Agenda, Recall Policy, Political System.