bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐Dependent Alcohol Instrumentalization Goals in Non‐Addicted Alcohol Consumers versus Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Longitudinal Change and Outcome Prediction
Authors: Müller Christian P. , Mühle Christiane , Kornhuber Johannes , Lenz Bernd 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAlcohol can be instrumentalized to achieve goals that without the drug would either not be achievable or would be so only with considerably more workload. While an understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol instrumentalization is emerging, little information is available concerning instrumentalization goals in controlled consumers and how these goals change during the development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsWe surveyed instrumentalization goals in 103 male and 78 female inpatients with AUD (before / after onset of the disorder) and compared them with the goals of 124 male and 96 female age‐matched non‐addicted controls. We also investigated whether instrumentalization goals predict 24‐month alcohol‐related hospital readmissions in the patients using a false discovery rate (FDR) approach.ResultsSeparately for both sexes, the most frequently (>25%) self‐reported alcohol instrumentalization goals in patients were “stress coping,” “craving for alcohol,” and “reduction of anxiety and / or depressive mood” and in controls “facilitation of social interaction.” Relative to controls, and in a sex‐dependent manner, patients with AUD reported the goals “facilitation of social interaction” and “search for a partner” significantly less frequently and “reduction of anxiety and / or depressive mood,” “stress coping,” “improvement of sexual activity,” “improvement of concentration,” “euphoria,” and “craving for alcohol” more frequently. During the transition to addiction, many of the instrumentalization goals changed significantly, some in a sex‐dependent manner. In female AUD patients, a goal of “euphoria” nominally predicted a lower risk of alcohol‐related readmission, although not significantly when FDR corrected.ConclusionsWe identified cross‐sectional and intra‐individual differences in instrumentalization goals that support the assumption that the onset of an AUD coincides with a shift in instrumentalization goals from prosocial instrumentalization toward the self‐management of aversive mental states.
Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: an international Delphi study
Authors: Castro‐Calvo Jesús , King Daniel L. , Stein Dan J. , Brand Matthias , Carmi Lior , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Fineberg Naomi A. , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen , Yücel Murat , Achab Sophia , Ambekar Atul , Bahar Norharlina , Blaszczynski Alexander , Bowden‐Jones Henrietta , Carbonell Xavier , Chan Elda Mei Lo , Ko Chih‐Hung , de Timary Philippe , Dufour Magali , Grall‐Bronnec Marie , Lee Hae Kook , Higuchi Susumu , Jimenez‐Murcia Susana , Király Orsolya , Kuss Daria J. , Long Jiang , Müller Astrid , Pallanti Stefano , Potenza Marc N. , Rahimi‐Movaghar Afarin , Saunders John B. , Schimmenti Adriano , Lee Seung‐Yup , Siste Kristiana , Spritzer Daniel T. , Starcevic Vladan , Weinstein Aviv M. , Wölfling Klaus , Billieux Joël 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsFollowing the recognition of ‘internet gaming disorder’ (IGD) as a condition requiring further study by the DSM‐5, ‘gaming disorder’ (GD) was officially included as a diagnostic entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11). However, the proposed diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder remain the subject of debate, and there has been no systematic attempt to integrate the views of different groups of experts. To achieve a more systematic agreement on this new disorder, this study employed the Delphi expert consensus method to obtain expert agreement on the diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value of the DSM‐5 criteria and ICD‐11 clinical guidelines for GD.MethodsA total of 29 international experts with clinical and/or research experience in GD completed three iterative rounds of a Delphi survey. Experts rated proposed criteria in progressive rounds until a pre‐determined level of agreement was achieved.ResultsFor DSM‐5 IGD criteria, there was an agreement both that a subset had high diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value and that some (e.g. tolerance, deception) had low diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value. Crucially, some DSM‐5 criteria (e.g. escapism/mood regulation, tolerance) were regarded as incapable of distinguishing between problematic and non‐problematic gaming. In contrast, ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines for GD (except for the criterion relating to diminished non‐gaming interests) were judged as presenting high diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value.ConclusionsThis Delphi survey provides a foundation for identifying the most diagnostically valid and clinically useful criteria for GD. There was expert agreement that some DSM‐5 criteria were not clinically relevant and may pathologize non‐problematic patterns of gaming, whereas ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines are likely to diagnose GD adequately and avoid pathologizing.
A systematic comparison of the global comparative risk assessments for alcohol
Authors: Chrystoja Bethany R. , Rehm Jürgen , Manthey Jakob , Probst Charlotte , Wettlaufer Ashley , Shield Kevin D. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAimsTo compare systematically the alcohol‐attributable mortality and burden of disease estimates for 2016 from a recent study by Shield and colleagues and the Global Burden of Disease study 2017 (GBD).MethodThis study compared estimates of alcohol‐attributable mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost for 2016 with regards to absolute and relative differences, by region and by cause of disease or injury. Relative differences between the two studies are reported herein as percentage (%) differences. A difference of 10% or more was considered meaningful.ResultsThe studies estimated similar global levels of overall alcohol‐attributable mortality for 2016 (Shield and colleagues estimated 5.1% more alcohol‐attributable mortality than the GBD study) but not alcohol‐attributable DALYs lost (18.3% difference). There were marked differences by region and cause of disease or injury. Compared with the results from Shield and colleagues, the GBD study estimated a lower alcohol‐attributable burden in Eastern Europe by 252 770 alcohol‐attributable deaths (45.2% difference) and 6.1 million alcohol‐attributable DALYs lost (32.9% difference) and in Western sub‐Saharan Africa by 124 200 alcohol‐attributable deaths (55.7% difference) and 7.0 million alcohol‐attributable DALYs lost (63.4% difference), and estimated a higher alcohol‐attributable burden in East Asia by 227 100 alcohol‐attributable deaths (48.0% difference) and 2.2 million DALYs lost (11.0% difference). With regard to the cause of disease or injury, Shield and colleagues attributed an overall detrimental effect to alcohol on ischaemic heart disease mortality, whereas the GBD study attributed a net beneficial effect. The GBD study, as compared with Shield and colleagues’ study, estimated a lower alcohol‐attributable mortality because of liver cirrhosis and injuries by 262 500 (44.6% difference) and 398 800 (46.2% difference), respectively.ConclusionsDifferences in estimates of the alcohol‐attributable burden of disease in two recent studies indicate the need to improve the accuracy of underlying data and risk relations to obtain more consistent estimates and to formulate, advocate for, and implement alcohol policies more effectively.
Management of deformity inducing osteochondroma of the temporomandibular joint: a case report
Authors: Hurrell MJL , Khabaz‐Saberi S , Ricciardo PV 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMaxillofacial osteochondromas are considered benign neoplasms, and compared with their extracranial variant are relatively rare. When they involve the mandibular condyle they can induce significant facial deformity, malocclusion and various temporomandibular joint symptoms. Complete excision is considered the standard of care, but can lead to a reduction in the height of the ipsilateral mandible with resultant complications. In such cases, reconstruction is usually warranted and may be approached in various ways. This case report demonstrates a straightforward, accurate and reproducible approach to reconstructing the TMJ, facial profile and occlusion following resection of a large TMJ osteochondroma, without the need for concomitant orthodontics.
Evaluation of a young adult renal and transplant transition clinic in a regional setting: Supporting young adults and parents' transition to self‐management
Authors: Jose Kim , Le Roux Anneke , Jeffs Lisa , Jose Matthew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the impact of establishing a transition clinic in a regional Australian setting on the lives of young adults living with severe chronic kidney disease and their families.DesignA qualitative design using the experience‐based co‐design framework.SettingInterviews were held at the Royal Hobart Hospital or the Menzies Institute for Medical Research. The co‐design workshop was held at the Royal Hobart Hospital.ParticipantsYoung people aged 17‐29 years living with a kidney transplant or stage 4‐5 chronic kidney disease, parents/carers and health professionals.InterventionsEstablishment of a young adult renal and transplant clinic.Main outcome measureImpact of a transition clinic in a regional setting on the lives of young adults living with chronic kidney disease and their families and suggestions for improvement.ResultsFour key themes were identified as follows: The Model of Care; Peer support; Transition towards self‐management: Building life skills; Suggestions for improvement and limitations of the service model. The non‐institutional, informal clinic setting and social/educational activities facilitated engagement, self‐management and peer support for young people and parents. Suggestions for improvement included involvement of older peers, additional life skills sessions and a youth worker.ConclusionThis regional transition clinic is valued by the young people and their parents for generating peer support, building self‐management and life skills. Sustainability of the clinic depends upon having the appropriate expertise available, access to a suitable venue and offering a program that meets the needs of young people.
EAACI statement on the diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Sokolowska Milena , Eiwegger Thomas , Ollert Markus , Torres Maria J. , Barber Domingo , Del Giacco Stefano , Jutel Marek , Nadeau Kari C. , Palomares Oscar , Rabin Ronald L. , Riggioni Carmen , Vieths Stefan , Agache Ioana , Shamji Mohamed H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe first approved COVID‐19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA‐1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1‐S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA‐based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitization. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimize the risk of allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use.
Achondroplasia is associated with increased occurrence of apparent life‐threatening events
Authors: Legare Janet M. , Smid Cory J. , Modaff Peggy , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the clinical picture underlying apparent life‐threatening events (ALTEs) occurring in infants with achondroplasia and provide guidance for evaluation after an event.MethodsA population of 477 individuals with achondroplasia was retrospectively reviewed, and information regarding possible ALTEs was recorded in a REDCap database.ResultsALTEs occurred in the first year of life in 18 of 477 individuals (3.8%). Most (14/18, 78%) occurred in the first 6 months of life and presented as episodes of apnoea and/or seizures. Of affected infants, 8/18 (44%) had more than one episode. Many of the initial ALTEs arose while infants were in car seats (11/18, 61%). Assessment following ALTEs most often demonstrated either craniocervical junction concerns and/or seizures, with 12/18 (67%) patients undergoing cervicomedullary decompression and 5/18 (28%) starting on anti‐epileptic medications after the event.ConclusionAlthough this study is limited in size and was retrospective, it shows that infants with achondroplasia appear to be at high risk for ALTEs. Evaluation after an event should include neuroimaging of the foramen magnum, inpatient hospital observation including respiratory monitoring and electroencephalography, and a car seat challenge.
The mechanism of non‐blocking inhibition of sodium channels revealed by conformation‐selective photolabeling
Authors: Földi Mátyás C. , Pesti Krisztina , Zboray Katalin , Toth Adam V. , Hegedűs Tamás , Málnási‐Csizmadia András , Lukacs Peter , Mike Arpad 
Published: January 2021

Background and PurposeSodium channel inhibitors can be used to treat hyperexcitability‐related diseases, including epilepsies, pain syndromes, neuromuscular disorders and cardiac arrhythmias. The applicability of these drugs is limited by their nonspecific effect on physiological function. They act mainly by sodium channel block and in addition by modulation of channel kinetics. While channel block inhibits healthy and pathological tissue equally, modulation can preferentially inhibit pathological activity. An ideal drug designed to target the sodium channels of pathological tissue would act predominantly by modulation. Thus far, no such drug has been described.Experimental ApproachPatch‐clamp experiments with ultra‐fast solution exchange and photolabeling‐coupled electrophysiology were applied to describe the unique mechanism of riluzole on Nav1.4 sodium channels. In silico docking experiments were used to study the molecular details of binding.Key ResultsWe present evidence that riluzole acts predominantly by non‐blocking modulation. We propose that, being a relatively small molecule, riluzole is able to stay bound to the binding site, but nonetheless stay off the conduction pathway, by residing in one of the fenestrations. We demonstrate how this mechanism can be recognized.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results identify riluzole as the prototype of this new class of sodium channel inhibitors. Drugs of this class are expected to selectively prevent hyperexcitability, while having minimal effect on cells firing at a normal rate from a normal resting potential.
Deep sequencing of prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase (PTGE) genes reveals genetic susceptibility for cross‐reactive hypersensitivity to NSAID
Authors: García‐Martín Elena , García‐Menaya Jesús M. , Esguevillas Gara , Cornejo‐García José A. , Doña Inmaculada , Jurado‐Escobar Raquel , Torres María J. , Blanca‐López Natalia , Canto Gabriela , Blanca Miguel , Laguna José J. , Bartra Joan , Rosado Ana , Fernández Javier , Cordobés Concepción , Agúndez José A.G. 
Published: January 2021

Background and PurposeCross‐reactive hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a relatively common adverse drug event caused by two or more chemically unrelated drugs and that is attributed to inhibition of the COX activity, particularly COX‐1. Several studies investigated variations in the genes coding for COX enzymes as potential risk factors. However, these studies only interrogated a few single nucleotide variations (SNVs), leaving untested most of the gene sequence.Experimental ApproachIn this study, we analysed the whole sequence of the prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase genes, PTGS1 and PTGS2, including all exons, exon‐intron boundaries and both the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions in patients with cross‐reactive hypersensitivity to NSAIDs and healthy controls. After sequencing analysis in 100 case–control pairs, we replicated the findings in 540 case–control pairs. Also, we analysed copy number variations for both PTGS genes.Key ResultsThe most salient finding was the presence of two PTGS1 single nucleotide variations, which are significantly more frequent in patients than in control subjects. Patients carrying these single nucleotide variations displayed a significantly and markedly lower COX‐1 activity as compared to non‐carriers for both heterozygous and homozygous patients.Conclusion and ImplicationsAlthough the risk single nucleotide variations are present in a small proportion of patients, the strong association observed and the functional effect of these single nucleotide variations raise the hypothesis of genetic susceptibility to develop cross‐reactive NSAID hypersensitivity in individuals with an impairment in COX‐1 enzyme activity.
HMGB1 is a key factor for tamoxifen resistance and has the potential to predict the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Jinlu , Li Jingtong , Zhou Xiaoping , Yin Lei , Wang Yiran , Gu Yucui , Niu Xingjian , Yang Yue , Ji Hongfei , Zhang Qingyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Hormone‐receptor‐positive breast cancer (HR + BC) is the most common pathological type of breast cancer, of which the main treatment method is endocrine therapy. Unfortunately, primary or acquired drug resistance greatly limits its efficacy. In recent years, the newly launched CDK4/6 inhibitors could effectively reverse endocrine resistance in breast cancer. However, considering their expensive price and side effects, it is particularly important to find out effective biomarkers and screen sensitive patients. Here, we found through bioinformatics analysis that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression increased in endocrine‐resistant HR + BC. In clinical specimens, the higher expression of HMGB1 was associated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) for HR + BC patients with endocrine therapy after surgery. For endocrine‐resistant breast cancer, compared with HMGB1‐negative patients, HMGB1‐positive patients who received CDK4/6 inhibitors treatment benefited more in PFS. Moreover, we demonstrated that HMGB1 promoted tamoxifen resistance by combining with the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. CDK4/6 inhibitors could downregulate the expression of HMGB1 and suppress the TLR4‐NF‐κB pathway, and in turn reverse tamoxifen resistance. These results illuminated the critical role of HMGB1 in the process of tamoxifen resistance, explained the mechanism of CDK4/6 inhibitors reversing tamoxifen resistance, and suggested the feasibility of HMGB1 as a potential biomarker for screening sensitive patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Therapeutic potential and pharmacological activities of β‐eudesmol
Authors: Acharya Bishwanath , Chaijaroenkul Wanna , Na‐Bangchang Kesara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerbal medicines are attracting the attention of researchers worldwide. β‐Eudesmol is one of the most studied and major bioactive sesquiterpenes, mainly extracted from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. rhizomes. It has potential anti‐tumor and anti‐angiogenic activities and is an inhibitor of tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis by suppressing CREB activation of the growth factor signaling pathway. It also stimulates neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma cells with activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases. It may be a promising lead compound for enhancing neural function, and it may help to explain the underlying mechanisms of neural differentiation. In this review, we summarized the currently available clinical and preclinical studies describing the therapeutic applications of β‐eudesmol.
Two‐ and ten‐year follow‐up of patients responding and non‐responding to the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Serino Giovanni , Wada Masahiro , Mameno Tomoaki , Renvert Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report a follow‐up of patients following the surgical anti‐infective treatment of peri‐implantitis and to identify possible risk indicators for the progression of disease during supportive peri‐implant therapy.Material and MethodsFollowing peri‐implant surgery, 41 patients (213 implants) were enrolled in a supportive peri‐implant therapy. At the 2‐year follow‐up, two groups of patients were identified, with or without residual peri‐implant pockets (responding and non‐responding group). Eighteen patients (85 implants) of the non‐responding group were followed for further 8 years.ResultsAt the 2‐year examination, 73 of the 117 treated implants (62.4%) presented healthy peri‐implant condition, while 44 (37.6%) presented persisting peri‐implantitis associated with substantial bone loss before treatment.The 10‐year examination of the non‐responding group revealed that 1) 84% of the implants that regained health following surgery remained healthy during the entire observation period; 2) 66% of the implants with residual pockets following surgery maintained stable peri‐implant condition; and 3) 29% of all treated implants showed disease progression, and 11 of those were extracted. Presence of pockets at 3–4 sites of the implants was identified as risk indicator for progression of peri‐implantitis.ConclusionThe peri‐implant health achieved following therapy was maintained for most of the implants during the follow‐up. Residual pockets were a frequent finding at implants with substantial bone loss before treatment. Presence of pockets around the entire circumference of the implants resulted as a risk indicator for further disease progression. The probability of progression of peri‐implant disease increased with increased observation time.