bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of microcontroller-based temperature monitoring and control system for power plant generators
Authors: Ponnusamy Sukumar , Samikannu Ravi , Tlhabologo B A , Ullah W , Murugesan Srinivasan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The protection of turbine generator systems is an important factor that must be considered in power plant for efficient production of electricity. This project deals with temperature level monitoring of the power generator and it will be compared with the predetermined standard value through an LM35 sensor. Once it exceeds the predetermined value then the cooling fan will automatically turn on which will be useful to prevent the generator from internal winding thermal failure. The protection system consists of 16x2 LCD display, LM35 temperature sensor, a coolant fan and a microcontroller [ATMEGA328P]. The internal winding temperature of generator is increased as the turbine is rotated at its axis which may lead to major damages in the axial position and shafts of the power generator. To overcome this, an LM35 sensor is connected and linked with the microcontroller which monitors the temperature and once it exceeds the standard temperature the coolant fan automatically is turned on by the microcontroller and the heat of the steam will be countered by the cooling air produced by the coolant fan. The fan runs continuously until the temperature is sensed to have dropped below the standard temperature. At the same instances, the LCD display outputs readable current temperature parameters for the operator. The protection of power generator system is a vital component in power plant for efficient production of electricity.
Experimental Investigation of Air Circulation Using Duct System in a Non-AC Bus Coach
Authors: Niranjana SJ , Kubsad Shivalingappa S , Nagaraj Y , Manjunath S , Shivakumar S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Public transport is the life line in many of the developing and under developed countries for the safe conveyance, i.e. also consider as economical. The major limitation in public transport (non-AC busses) Air Condition, is the lack of proper air circulation leading to suffocation and vomiting. The present research work emphasis on design and analysis of air flow duct system (non AC Busses) to increase the level of comfortance of the passengers, tools like solidworks software 2016 is used for 3D drawing, Hypermesh software 13.0 is for the discretization and ANSYS Fluent software 16.0 for the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis, from the experimental the airflow is found to be 10 m/s, and from the numerical analysis the airflow is found to be 9.8 m/s, by comparing the experimental and numerical results a negligible deviation of 2% is observed and it is within the limit.
Immobilization of copper sulfide flotation tailings through the use of geopolymers, Tacna – Perú.
Authors: Morales-Aranibar C , Linares-Gutiérrez N , Morales-Aranibar L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, mining-metallurgical industrial activities generate significant amounts of mining tailings, and innovative environmentally friendly methods are required for their final disposal or sustainable immobilization. The objective of the study was to immobilize copper sulphide flotation tailings through the geopolymerization process. The samples were obtained from the Toquepala mining unit, - Tacna (Peru), the ash from the ENGIE-Moquegua hydroelectric plant. The results in the first phase of the characterization of the ash (FA) and the mining tailings (MT) through the chemical analysis EDX, mineralogical DRX and morphological SEM, show aluminosilicate content, in the second phase the mixtures of 55% MT, 37, 5% FA and 7.5% MK activated at 10 M at 35 days of curing, demonstrated resistance of 24.6 Mpa according to mechanical resistance tests, the mixture of 100% MT activated at 10 M at 35 days of curing, it is effective by itself for the formation of the geopolymer, obtaining resistances of 22.68 Mpa, the SEM analysis demonstrated formation of tetragonal structures typical of a geopolymer, the TCLP analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of the contaminating elements Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, opening a new field for tailings treatment.
Design of a fixture for single incremental forming (SPIF) process based on design for assembly (DFA) methods
Authors: Al-Hafiz Abdul Razak Kamarul , Baharuddin Abdullah Ahmad , Samad Zahurin , Farizuan Muhammad Fauzi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the application of Design for Assembly (DFA) Method, Boothroyd Dewhurst to select the best design of a fixture for Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). The 3D design of fixtures was created using SOLIDWORKS 2016 software. This research will focus on the manual handling and insertion of the fixtures by reducing the number of parts and comparing between two designed fixtures. The chosen design has been made based on the best design efficiency. The result found that the application of DFA improved the design efficiency, where welded-based Design B is 35.62% greater than design efficiency of fastener-based fixture Design A which is 23.04%.
Study of wear performance of crosslinking UHMWPE acetabular liner for artificial hip joint made from CNC milling
Authors: Lestari W D , Nugroho A , Ismail R , Jamari J , Bayuseno A P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a preferred material used as a bearing material in the artificial hip joint. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of dose cross-linking acetabular liner manufactured by CNC milling on wear depth. The wear test is carried out with a tribometer machine by loading the acetabular liner in a certain cycle. The test results found that specimens given a crosslink dose of 50 kGy with a load of 800 N resulted in a greater wear depth compared to specimens given a crosslink dose of 100 kGy with a load of 800 N. Specimen with crosslink dose 50 kGy yield greater wear depth than specimens given a crosslink dose of 100 kGy. Based on these results it can be concluded that the greater the crosslink dose given to the specimen will increase the wear resistance of the specimen so that the test results in a smaller wear depth.
Hydrogen fuel cells for sustainable energy: Development and progress in selected developed countries
Authors: Baharuddin N A , Wan Yusoff W N A , Abd Aziz A J , Mohd Tahir N N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sustainable development goals concept towards zero carbon emission, set forth by the Paris Agreement, is the foundation of decarbonisation implemented in most developed countries worldwide. One of the efforts in the decarbonisation of the environment is through hydrogen fuel cell technology. A fuel cell is an energy converter device that produces electricity via the electrochemical reaction, with water as the by-product. The application of fuel cells is strongly related to the economic aspect, including local and infrastructure costs, making it more relevant to be implemented in a developed country. This work presents a short review of the development and progress of hydrogen fuel cells in a developed country such as Japan, Germany, USA, Denmark, and China (in transition between developing to developed status); which championed hydrogen fuel cell technology in their region.
Suction effect on an unsteady Casson hybrid nanofluid film past a stretching sheet with heat transfer analysis
Authors: Ilyana Kamis Nur , Md Basir Md Faisal , Shafie Sharidan , Khairi Ahmad Khairuddin Taufiq , Yeou Jiann Lim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the heat transfer in the blood fluid-based copper and alumina nanoparticles over an unsteady permeable stretching sheet. The model is governed by the governing equations consist of a series of ODEs that are reduced from PDEs by implementing the similarity transformations subjected to mixed boundary conditions. The results of the transformed equations has been obtained by using the Keller-box method in MATLAB software. This paper focuses on the characteristics of thin-film flow and heat transfer through the governing parameters; unsteadiness parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction, Casson parameter, and intensity of suction. From this study, it is observed that the behavior of both fields for nanofluid is lower than hybrid nanofluid under the suction effect. It is noticed that enhance the physical parameters increase the velocity field of the fluid. Further, increase the physical parameter also deteriorate the temperature field except for nanoparticles volume fraction.
Investigation of design space in manufacturing meta-biomaterials by additive manufacturing
Authors: Rohaida Mohamed Siti , Anwar Che Ghani Saiful 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Topology features such as interconnectivity, pore shape and size, porosity, struts thickness, and used materials play the key roles for mechanical and biological properties of meta-biomaterials structures. However, the influences of morphological geometries on the mechanical and biological properties are not certainly intuitive. This paper develops parametric model that use to visualize the morphological geometries of unit cell of meta-biomaterials on design space that governing the manufacturing limitation, mechanical and biological requirements. The selected samples within design spaces tested to determine manufacturing accuracy and effective elastic modulus by finite element analysis. The geometries discrepancies between designed models and manufactured samples obtained percentage of average errors of 13% for diamonds structures and 21% for square structures. The proposed technique yielded average error reduced to 74.4% for diamond structures and 44.4% for square structures of effective elastic modulus from theoretical calculation. The approach and the implications of the results discussed in the context of mechanical and biological criteria with highlight of advantages and limitations of meta-biomaterials manufactured by additive manufacturing for orthopaedic implants.
The effect of quick response manufacturing in factory layout: Assessment using Witness software
Authors: Yusoof M Y M , Mohamed N M Z N , Nelfiyanti  , Hadi M Z I A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, in a new era of industrial revolution 4.0, there are still many manufacturing companies that tend to neglect the knowledge of optimizing the factory layout. By doing so, the productivity can be increase and lessen the burden of the operator while making sure the quality and also the number of products are also at optimum. The objective of this study is to conduct an analysis on the actual arrangement assembly line using witness software based on QRM in V model assembly and also to propose a new arrangement of the assembly line using Witness software. The data has been collected and recorded through some observation during the visit to X Company. The current layout of the V model assembly line is simulated in the Witness software to get its actual process, percentage of idle, and also the setup time. The software is also used for the new improvement of the assembly line layout to get the comparison for the current layout and after the improvement. Based on the current result, there is some station that has a high percentage of blockage occur in the layout and after the improvement, the percentage of blockage has been reduced which help in increase the production of the model per day. The data that has been recorded from the current is compared with the data after the improvement has been made to the assembly line.
Various risks and safety analysis to reduce fire in oil refinery plant
Authors: Alam Md Zahangir , Sakib Md Nazmus , Islam Minarul , Jalal Uddin Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is quite hazardous to produce the final product of oil or gas in a petrochemical refinery plant due to its flammable or combustible and explosive materials. Small mistakes can cause massive damage to life, property, pollution, injury, ecosystem, and business by fire. The entire system is challenging to manage. Therefore, fire risk assessment and forecasting are necessary to overcome personal, environmental, and refinery plants’ hazard situations. There have been four main threats in any refinery facility: electrical, mechanical, civil, and chemical issues, maximum cases its result burning. This research aimed to study and assess fire risk in the refinery plant by using a multi-stage early warning system and reducing the fire. The fire hazard safety layer technique would be used for our petrochemical process. Some equipment is set in place to forecast the danger and execution before and after it happens. Geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) are some techniques for fire incidents tracking. Flame detectors, heat detectors, and gas detectors are used to maintain good contact in the entire risk analyzer portion. Various techniques and monitoring have been proposed to operate the plant efficiently and safely, like controlling, predicting, and pre-warning strategic planning.
A review of FDM and graphene-based polymer composite
Authors: Mogan J , Sandanamsamy L , Halim N A , Harun W S W , Kadirgama K , Ramasamy D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Graphene is a carbon that has a unique structure that is excellent in enhancing mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The fused deposition modelling (FDM) process is a widely used 3D printing method for its low investment and operating cost. Although the FDM process is cheaper and affordable, yet the printed parts are more fragile compare to other 3D printing methods. This paper covers about FDM process and the type of base materials and filler materials. However, the focus is mainly on ABS and graphene. The mechanical properties of ABS/Graphene polymer composite and application of ABS and graphene in the industry were also discussed. Hence, it proved that graphene enhances the properties of ABS. This study is done to improve polymer-based filaments for future references.
Review on thermal energy storage and eutectic nitrate salt melting point
Authors: Samylingam I , Kadirgama K , Aslfattahi Navid , Samylingam L , Ramasamy D , Harun W S W , Samykano M , Saidur R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn solar concentrates, thermal energy (TES) storage has a significant function (CSP). This article will discuss the forms of TES and TES content, focusing on the material for latent heat storage. Sensitive heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical reaction thermal storage classes can divide TES into three classes. Among the thermophysical properties for CSP is the latent heat storage content, which is used by more researchers. Dividing latent heat storage material into material for the organic, inorganic and eutetic phases change material (PCM). There are an advantage and downside to any form of storage material. Thermal stability at high temperature and low cost, however the specific heat capacity of the sensible heat storage material is very low compared to the latent heat storage materials..
Heat transfer analysis in compact heat exchanger with fibre reinforced plate
Authors: Hamood M , Oumer A N , Abd Aziz Azizuddin , Ishak M , Siregar J P , Mamat O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to their lightweight and ease of manufacturing, fibre-reinforced composites are replacing metals in many heat exchanger applications. However, their heat transfer dissipation performance is not investigated in detail. This paper aims to study experimentally the heat transfer performance of fins made from fibre reinforced composites in compact heat exchangers. Thin fins were manufactured from reinforced fibre composites by the hot pressing technique. The fins have dimensions of 11.5 cm wide and 11.5 cm long. Five different airflow velocities with fixed water flow rates were considered in the analysis. The temperature distribution inside the tube was measured at eight different points using a K-type thermocouple.
The results showed that the water temperature at the outlet section was the highest at the lowest airflow velocity. Moreover, the air-side heat transfer coefficient increased along the tube length at all airflow velocities. The comparable heat transfer performance results make the fibre reinforced fins a good choice in the compact fin-and-tube heat exchanger.
Laser cladding process to enhanced surface properties of hot press forming die: A review
Authors: Norhafzan B , Khairil C M , Aqida S N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Laser cladding is one of the advance processes in laser surface treatments. The process involved a laser beam to combines another material that has different metallurgical properties on a substrate, whereby a very thin layer of the substrate has to be melted for it to achieve metallurgical bonding with minimal dilution of added material and substrate. The resulted properties were characterized by surface topography, subsurface microstructure, hardness, and residual stresses. The objective of this paper is to review the factors that affected of cladding process to get the best cladding, suitable to enhance hot press forming die surface and subsurface. The parameter control, metallurgical bonding between coating and substrate, and effect of powder size were discussed.
Multilayer Huygens’ metasurface absorber toward snapshot multispectral imaging
Authors: Wen Shun , Jin Chunqi , Yang Yuanmu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multispectral or hyperspectral imaging requires the collection of a three-dimensional (3D) data cube that is composed of 2D spatial information and 1D spectral information of the scene. However, conventional cameras can only record 2D information, such that to obtain the 3D data cube, one needs to sacrifice either spatial or spectral resolution, or spatial or spectral scanning is required. Here, we introduce a multilayer metasurface absorber platform that may potentially allow the collection of a multispectral data cube in a single shot, without sacrificing the resolution. We design each absorber layer composed of silicon nano-resonators to support a Huygens’ mode in the visible spectrum, such that each layer may detect an impinging scene only within a narrow spectral band. We envision that the multilayer metasurface absorber, if integrated with proper electronics, may be used for snapshot multispectral imaging, with potential applications in target identification with high spatial and spectral resolution.
Dielectric breakdown properties of Al-air mixtures
Authors: CAI Xiyuan , ZHANG Xiao , LU Junyong , TAN Sai , ZHANG Yongsheng , ZHANG Guanxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of aluminum vapor on the breakdown performance of air, this paper makes a study of the dielectric breakdown characteristics of Al-air mixture in the temperature range of 300–5000 K at atmospheric pressure. A Boltzmann analysis method is used to deal with the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), the reduced ionization coefficients (α/N), the reduced attachment coefficients (η/N) and the critical reduced breakdown strength ((E/N)cr) so as to explore the influence of temperature and mixing ratio on the dielectric breakdown properties. In the temperature range of 300–2000 K, the property of the mixture is mainly determined by the mixing proportion of aluminum vapor because the composition of particles remains unchanged. In the temperature range of 2000–2500 K, the decomposition of Al2O2 leads to the increase of aluminum oxides and NO, and a rise in the percentage of high-energy electrons as well as the increment of α/N. Also, the joint action of O2 and NO makes η/N increase first and then decrease, and (E/N)cr goes down to a smaller temperature range. An increase in the proportion of aluminum vapor causes (E/N)cr to decrease in the low-temperature region and to increase in the high-temperature region, which will reduce the transition between these two temperature regions.
Long-time oscillations in correlation of lysozyme solutions and the effects of antagonistic salt in external electric field light scattering
Authors: Kang Kyongok , Sadakane Koichiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lysozyme is a ubiquitous protein and enzyme that prevents the bacterial infections and maintains the catalytic balance in majority of biological fluids. However, it often causes problems at higher concentrations. In particular, the build up of lysozyme engaged with other protein interactions initiates severe disorders in most mammalian cells, such as the formation of harmful aggregates in the nervous system and the loss of connectivity in rheumatism. To understand such complex behaviors with respective to the catalytic activity of the enzyme, the lysozyme solution and the effect of hydrophobic antagonistic salt (NaBPh4) are explored in-vitro, in their relaxation behaviors. Here, we used, both normal dynamic light scattering and home-built in situ AC external electric field light scattering. As results, the fast and slow-mode (with stretched) relaxations are observed in the conventional dynamic light scattering (without an electric field). The results are particularly noteworthy under a low electric field, with robust long-time oscillations, in the scattered intensity correlation function. In addition, the effective interactions are explored by varying the ionic strength of the antagonistic salt: The oscillations are less pronounced, but still clearly represent the ‘underdamped’ motions. Overall, reductions of the relaxations are shown with the applied electric field, with a maximum relaxation occuring at 1mM. In contrast, monotonic decreases of the relaxation rates are shown above 10 mM. Thus, the lysozyme exhibits a charged carrier, responding to ultimate low-frequency oscillations in the scattered correlations. The fit function of long-time oscillation in correlation is presented by an alternating cosine function with a phase, which is related to its possible dynamic elelctrophoretic mobility.
Investigation of the friction coefficient evolution and lubricant breakdown behaviour of AA7075 aluminium alloy forming processes at elevated temperatures
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhang Qunli , Zheng Yang , Liu Xiaochuan , Politis Denis , Fakir Omer El , Wang Liliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The lubricant behaviour at elevated temperatures was investigated by conducting pin-on-disc tests between P20 tool steel and AA7075 aluminium alloy. The effects of temperature, initial lubricant volume, contact pressure and sliding speed on the lubricant behaviour (i.e. evolutions of the coefficient of friction (COF) and the breakdown phenomenon) were experimentally studied. The evolutions of COF at elevated temperatures consisted of three distinct stages with different friction mechanisms. The first stage (stage I) occurred with low friction when the boundary lubrication was present. The second stage (stage II) was the transition process in which the COF rapidly increased as the lubricant film thickness decreased to a critical value. In the final plateau stage (stage III), lubricant breakdown occurred and intimate contact at the interface led to high friction values. At the low friction stage (stage I), the value of COF increased with increasing temperature. The increase in temperature, contact pressure and sliding speed as well as the decrease in initial lubricant volume accelerated the lubricant breakdown.
Active damping of rotating platforms using integral force feedback
Authors: Dehaeze Thomas , Collette Christophe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of Integral Force Feedback (IFF) for the active damping of rotating mechanical systems. Guaranteed stability, typical benefit of IFF, is lost as soon as the system is rotating due to gyroscopic effects. To overcome this issue, two modifications of the classical IFF control scheme are proposed. The first consists of slightly modifying the control law while the second consists of adding springs in parallel with the force sensors. Conditions for stability and optimal parameters are derived. The results reveal that, despite their different implementations, both modified IFF control scheme have almost identical damping authority on the suspension modes.