bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas exchange threshold to guide exercise training intensity of older individuals during cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Kominami Kazuyuki , Nishijima Hirotaka , Imahashi Keiko , Katsuragawa Toko , Murakami Mitsuyo , Akino Masatoshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The gas exchange threshold (GET), which is determined during incremental exercise (Inc-Ex) testing, is often considered a safe training intensity for cardiac rehabilitation. However, there are only a limited number of reports on the actual implementation of this method. We assessed the applicability of GET-guided exercise using a constant load exercise (CL-Ex) protocol.
We recruited 20 healthy older individuals (healthy, age: 69.4 ± 6.8 years) and 10 patients with cardiovascular diseases or risk factors (patient, age: 73.0 ± 8.8 years). On day 1, we determined the GET during symptomatic maximal Inc-Ex. On day 2, CL-Ex at work rate (watt: W) where the GET manifested during Inc-Ex (therefore, not corrected for the known oxygen response delay) was maintained for 20 minute. Arterialized blood lactate (BLa) levels were also determined.
Oxygen uptake reached a steady state in all participants, with a mean respiratory exchange ratio of < 1.0. The mean BLa at the GET during Inc-Ex was 1.51 ± .29 mmol·l−1 in the healthy group and 1.78 ± .42 mmol·L−1 in the patient group, which was about .5 mmol·L−1 above the resting level. During CL-Ex, BLa increased significantly over the value at the GET (Inc-Ex). However, it reached a steady-state level of 2.65 ± 1.56 (healthy) and 2.53 ± 0.95 (patient) mmol·L−1. The %peak oxygen uptake, %peak heart rate, and %heart rate reserve during CL-Ex were 58.8 ± 11.5, 71.8 ± 10.3, and 44.9 ± 17.4, respectively. All participants could complete CL-Ex with mean perceived exertion ratings (Borg/20) of 11.8 ± 1.3 (healthy) and 12.2 ± 1.3 (patient). These heart rate-related indices and exertion ratings were all within the recommended international guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation.
CL-Ex at the GET appears to be the optimal exercise intensity for cardiac rehabilitation.
Yuquan pill enhance the effect of Western medicine in treatment diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liu Le , Zhang Ye , Zhu Zhiyue , Yu Ziyang , Bao Pengjie , Nan Zheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic nephropathy is glomerular sclerosis caused by diabetic microvascular disease, which is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. At present, the traditional treatment of diabetic nephropathy is mainly based on the control of blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, and other basic treatments using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, the clinical reports of relying solely on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker to delay the course of diabetic nephropathy are not optimistic. Yuquan pill (YQP), a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has clinical reports that it can effectively assist in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with minimal side effects. However, there has been no systematic review of the YQP in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. This article systematically evaluated the effectiveness and safety of YQP clinical applications.

Methods:
The database search include seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang database. The search date was set as a randomized controlled trial from the establishment of the database to April 21, 2021. The main outcome indicators include urinealbumin excretion rate, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, Total effective rate. The analysis software uses Stata 15.

Results:
This study will analyze multiple outcome indicators such as clinical efficacy, urinary albumin excretion rate, blood creatinine value, urea nitrogen, and symptom scores. Provides a the latest evidence for YQP in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Conclusion:
The results of this study will provide evidence for the efficacy of YQP in the treatment of DN.

INPLASY Registration number:
INPLASY202150030.
Efficacy and safety of Huangkui capsule for diabetic nephropathy
Authors: An Wenrong , Huang Yanqin , Chen Shouqiang , Teng Tao , Liu Juan , Xu Yunsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is 1 of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the world. Huangkui capsule, extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM), has been widely used to treat DN. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of Huangkui capsule for DN. This study aims to perform meta-analysis to systematically review the efficacy and safety of Huangkui capsule.

Methods:
The following 9 electronic databases will be comprehensively searched: PubMed, web of science, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Wanfang data, and Chinese BioMedicine Literature Database. The retrieval time is from their inception to May 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently completed the study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and data synthesis. Review Manager Version 5.3 software will be used to conduct meta-analysis.

Results:
This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the efficacy of Huangkui capsule for treating diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion:
The result of this systematic review will provide objective evidence-based basis to judge the effectiveness and safety of Huangkui capsule on diabetic nephropathy.
Erythropoietin therapy improves endothelial function in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease and anemia (EARNEST-CKD)
Authors: Lim Jina , Yu Chung Jo , Yu Hoon , Ha Sang Jin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
This study investigated whether administering erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) improves endothelial function in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia.

Methods:
This single-center, prospective, single-arm comparison study enrolled patients with non-dialysis CKD (stages 4-5) and hemoglobin levels <10 g/dL. ESA administration followed the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guideline. The primary endpoint was the change in flow-mediated dilatation after ESA administration in individual patients. The secondary endpoints were changes in 6-minute walk test results, blood pressure, New York Heart Association class, and echocardiographic parameters. The echocardiographic parameters examined included chamber quantification, Doppler parameters, and systolic and diastolic function parameters.

Results:
Initially, 13 patients were screened, but 2 discontinued due to either heart failure or voluntary withdrawal. The mean flow-mediated dilatation values significantly increased by 10.59% (from 1.36% ± 1.91% to 11.95% ± 8.11%, P = .001). Echocardiographic findings showed that the left ventricular mass index decreased by 11.9 g/m2 (from 105.8 ± 16.3 to 93.9 ± 19.5 g/m2, P
=
.006), and the left atrial volume index decreased by 10.8 mL/m2 (from 50.1 ± 11.3 to 39.3 ± 11.3 mL/m2, P = .004) after 12 weeks of ESA administration. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-ESA treatment 6-minute walk test results. No significant side effects were observed during the study period.

Conclusions:
This is the first clinical study to demonstrate that an ESA improves endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial volume in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Thus, ESAs may be considered as adjunctive therapy for reducing cardiovascular risk in these patients.
Climate, buildings’ envelope design and energy patterns: improving energy performance of new buildings in Kuwait
Authors: Almufarrej Abdulrahman M. , Erfani Tohid 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe two main contributing factors that control the overall buildings’ energy performance are the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system and the envelope design. Environmental design guidelines that consider these two factors aim to lower energy consumption. However, they are regional and climate-sensitive. This study aims to investigate how three main buildings’ envelope design variables (orientation, compactness and window to wall ratio) impact the overall building’s energy consumption within Kuwait’s regional and climate conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis study simulate the energy consumption of typically shaped buildings by varying their geometry between a square to a rectangular floor plan. This study analyse the associated energy usage and provide early-stage envelope design guidance specific to the country’s conditions, to make informed decisions towards environmentally conscious buildings.FindingsThe analysed envelope variables have the potential to reduce energy consumption by 40%, and the possibility to reduce HVAC system capacity by 30%. In contrast to the general guidance in literature and standards, the simulation results demonstrate that less compact building forms perform on occasions better than the most compact ones.Originality/valueThe objective of this paper is to quantify the energy consumption rates for buildings located within the Arabian Peninsula, an under-studied region with potentially high interest considering three main envelope design variables. The buildings’ yearly energy consumption patterns are unique and suggest different envelope design considerations, compared to other regions with different climate conditions. This emphasises the importance of regional guidelines for the different factors associated with energy and buildings’ environmental performance.
Sensor number and placement optimization for detection and localization of damage in a suspension bridge using a hybrid ANN-PCA reduced FRF method
Authors: Cherid Djamila , Bourahla Nouredine , Laghoub Mohamed Said , Mohabeddine Anis 
Published: October 2021

PurposeDespite the fast progress in structural health monitoring (SHM), the efficient use in practice of emerging techniques for large civil engineering structures is still a challenge. This paper outlines a practical framework to optimize both the number and the locations of sensors to measure frequency response functions (FRFs) that will be processed and used to predict the location and the damage level in a model of an existing suspension bridge.Design/methodology/approachSensors number and placement (SNPO) procedure is proposed and carried out on a 3D FE model of the 502 m long Oued Dib suspension bridge (Algeria) to determine the degrees of freedom (DOFs) that will receive the sensors. For this purpose, accessible candidate positions on the model are first determined and then reduced by taking the DOFs with the lowest values of the Fisher information matrix (FIM) associated with each of the DOFs taken individually. A genetic algorithm with an objective function equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the non-diagonal elements of the MAC matrix and a mutation function that allows increasing and decreasing the number of the chromosomes (sensors) of the individuals showed stable convergence to optimal solutions. FRFs at sensor positions generated from the 3D FE model and altered with artificial noise to simulate experimental conditions have been used to constitute a database to train and test a feed-forward neural network.FindingsA framework for SHM integrating a genetic algorithm to optimize both the number and placement of the sensors on the structure.Research limitations/implicationsThe procedure can be applied only for single predefined/potential damage detection.Practical implicationsThe evidence from this study suggests that the proposed procedure provides a consistent framework to implement a SHM scheme for existing large infrastructures.Social implicationsVital infrastructures require special structural protection that can be achieved through effective SHM. This study contributes to the deployment of SHM for existing civil engineering structures.Originality/valueIn addition to the integrated SHM framework proposed in this study, the latter includes an efficient genetic algorithm capable to optimize both the number and the placement of the sensors.
The benefit of late readings in patch testing depends both on allergen and patient characteristics
Authors: Forkel Susann , Schubert Steffen , Dickel Heinrich , Gina Michal , Schröder‐Kraft Claudia , Vieluf Dieter , Brans Richard , Kreft Burkhard , Wurpts Gerda , Geier Johannes , Buhl Timo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatch test (PT) readings are recommended after 48 h and 72 h (D3). An additional day 7 (D7) reading has been suggested by some, although data on efficient patient selection are scarce.We investigated positive D7 reactions regarding (i) allergens in the baseline series and additional PT series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and (ii) characteristics of the patients tested.MethodsRetrospective, multicentre analysis of 190 allergens derived from 17 DKG test series in 4687 patients with an additional D7 reading. Patients were patch tested with the baseline series and additional series, if required. Occurrence of novel D7 reactions as well as increasing skin reactions from D3 to D7 was analysed separately.ResultsDepending on the allergen tested, waiving D7 readings would have missed 4.4–26.8% of positive PT results. Patch test series with the highest number of novel D7 reactions were baseline series, metal series, and leather/shoe series. New positive reactions on D7 were associated with age over 50 years and with a negative irritant control containing sodium lauryl sulphate. Of note, application of the PT allergens for 48 h instead of 24 h was positively associated with late PT reactions.ConclusionWithin the most frequently tested allergens, without late readings, on average 11.7% of sensitizations would have been missed. Novel late reacting allergens were identified. This study comprehensively dissects patient‐, allergen‐ and test‐dependent parameters in support for D7 readings. We propose to always consider late readings individually based on effort‐benefit considerations.
In silico genome‐wide gene‐based association analysis reveals new genes predisposing to coronary artery disease
Authors: Zorkoltseva Irina , Shadrina Alexandra , Belonogova Nadezhda , Kirichenko Anatoly , Tsepilov Yakov , Axenovich Tatiana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) have identified more than 300 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 163 independent loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is no full understanding about the causal genes for CAD and the mechanisms of their action. We aimed to perform a post GWAS analysis to identify genes whose polymorphism may influence the risk of CAD. Using the UK Biobank GWAS summary statistics, we performed a gene‐based association analysis. We found 63 genes significantly associated with CAD due to their within‐gene polymorphisms. Many of these genes are well known. Some known CAD genes such as FURIN and SORT1 did not show the gene‐based association because their variants had low GWAS signals or gene‐based association was inflated by the strong GWAS signal outside the gene. For several known CAD genes, we demonstrated that their effects could be explained not only or not at all by their own variants but by the variants within the neighboring genes controlling their expression. Using several bioinformatics techniques, we suggested potential mechanisms underlying gene‐CAD associations. Three genes, CDK19, NCALD, and ARHGEF12 were not previously associated with CAD. The role of these genes should be clarified in further studies.
Is YouTubeTM an adequate source of oral hygiene education for orthodontic patients?
Authors: Topsakal Kübra Gülnur , Duran Gökhan Serhat , Görgülü Serkan , Eser Misir Selcen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe present study aims to assess the quality, reliability and content of the information provided by the YouTubeTM videos on oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, to reveal the efficacy of the videos for patients and to help dentists who use this platform as a source to guide their patients accurately.MethodIn the beginning, it was found that the most common search term on oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment in Google Trends was ‘how to clean braces'. A total of 150 videos containing keywords were reviewed, and 56 videos were assessed within the scope of the study. Videos were analysed for reliability score, content analysis and GQS criteria.ResultsAccording to the results, the mean video length was statistically significantly greater in rich‐content videos than in poor‐content videos (p = 0.024). In addition, the reliability score of rich‐content videos was statistically significantly higher than that of poor‐content videos (p = 0.026). Likewise, the GQS of rich‐content videos was statistically significantly higher than that of poor‐content videos (p < 0.001). However, the number of views, the number of likes, the number of dislikes, the number of comments, the number of days since upload, the interaction index and the view rate did not statistically significantly differ by content categories (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe present study concluded that the YouTubeTM videos providing oral hygiene education for patients receiving or scheduled for orthodontic treatment had poor content and overall medium quality. The instantaneous data collection was one of the study's limitations.
AraC‐type regulators HilC and RtsA are directly controlled by an intestinal fatty acid to regulate Salmonella invasion
Authors: Chowdhury Rimi , Pavinski Bitar Paulina D. , Adams Myfanwy C. , Chappie Joshua S. , Altier Craig 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvasion of the intestinal epithelium is an essential but energetically expensive survival strategy and is, therefore, tightly regulated by using specific cues from the environment. The enteric pathogen Salmonella controls its invasion machinery through the elegant coordination of three AraC‐type transcription activators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA. Most environmental signals target HilD to control invasion, whereas HilC and RtsA are known only to augment these effects on HilD. Here we show that a fatty acid found in the murine colon, cis‐2‐hexadecenoic acid (c2‐HDA), represses Salmonella invasion by directly targeting HilC and RtsA, in addition to HilD. c2‐HDA directly binds each of these regulators and inhibits their attachment to DNA targets, repressing invasion even in the absence of HilD. Fatty acid binding, however, does not affect HilC and RtsA protein stability, unlike HilD. Importantly, we show that HilC and RtsA are highly effective in restoring HilD production and invasion gene expression after elimination of the repressive fatty acid c2‐HDA. Together, these results illuminate a precise mechanism by which HilC and RtsA may modulate invasion as Salmonella navigates through different regions of the intestine, contributing to our understanding of how this enteric pathogen senses and adapts to a diverse intestinal environment while maintaining its virulence.
Deep learning for osteoarthritis classification in temporomandibular joint
Authors: Jung Won , Lee Kyung‐Eun , Suh Bong‐Jik , Seok Hyun , Lee Dae‐Woo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a diagnostic support tool using pretrained models for classifying panoramic images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) into normal and osteoarthritis (OA) cases.Subjects and MethodsA total of 858 panoramic images of the TMJ (395 normal and 463 TMJ‐OA) were obtained from 518 individuals from January 2015 to December 2018. The data were randomly divided into training, validation, and testing sets (6:2:2). We used pretrained Resnet152 and EfficientNet‐B7 as transfer learning models. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, area under the curve, and gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (grad‐CAM) of both trained models were evaluated. The performances of the trained models were compared to that of dentists (both TMD specialists and general dentists).ResultsThe classification accuracies of ResNet‐152 and EfficientNet‐B7 were 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. The trained models exhibited the highest accuracy in OA classification. In the grad‐CAM analysis, the trained models focused on specific areas in osteoarthritis images where erosion or osteophyte were observed.ConclusionsThe artificial intelligence model improved the diagnostic power of TMJ‐OA when trained with two‐dimensional panoramic condyle images and can be effectively applied by dentists as a screening diagnostic tool for TMJ‐OA.
Comparing public servants' behavior in South Korea and the United States: How emotional labor moderates the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance
Authors: Yang Seung‐Bum , Guy Mary E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe relationship between organizational commitment and job performance matters in public service delivery, and so does the emotive dimension of the citizen—state interaction. However, public management theories and principles must take national culture into account, because comparative investigation reveals limits to generalizability across cultures. This study provides an example. It examines the link between commitment and performance as well as the moderating effect of emotional labor for public service workers in Korea and the United States. Probably due to the differing effect of collectivist versus individualist norms, findings reveal that authentic emotive expression bolsters the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance in Korea, while its opposite, inauthentic emotive expression weakens the link between commitment and performance in the United States.공공서비스를 전달하는 과정에서 조직몰입과 직무성과의 관계는 중요한 문제이며, 이에 못지않게 시민‐국가 상호작용에 있어서 감정적 차원 또한 중요한 문제이다. 공공관리 이론이나 원리를 연구할 때 국가차원의 문화를 고려할 필요가 있는데, 이는 비교연구의 수행이 서로 다른 문화들을 일반화하는 데 따른 한계점을 파악할 수 있게 해 주기 때문이다. 본 연구는 이러한 측면에서 하나의 본보기를 제시한다. 이 연구는 몰입과 성과의 관계를 고찰할 뿐만 아니라 감정노동의 조절효과를 미국과 한국의 공공부문 종사자들을 통하여 살펴본다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국의 공공조직에서 진성 감정표현이 조직몰입과 직무성과를 강화해 줄 수 있으며, 이와는 대조적으로 미국의 공공조직에서는 비진성 감정표현이 몰입과 성과의 관계를 약화시킬 수 있다는 점을 보여준다. 이러한 결과는 집단주의 문화와 개인주의 문화가 서로 다른 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다.