bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous and semi-continuous industrial production of lubricants modified with graphene nanostructures
Authors: Alhilo Z , Mansour W , Pershin V , Pasko A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article proposes one of the options for the production of graphene-containing suspensions and their modification of lubricants. It is based on the technology of obtaining graphene nanostructures by the method of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite. The proposed technological scheme can operate in both semi-continuous and continuous modes. The main advantages of this technology are simplicity and reliability of equipment, as well as environmental friendliness of production.
Metal matrix composites based on valence-unstable systems
Authors: Clementyev E S , Serebrennikov D A , Sikolenko V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work is focused on the thermal expansion of composites based on valence-unstable systems. The main motivation was to create invar-like materials of a new type and to develop approaches to the quantitative description of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of both the composite itself and its key component - a material with a negative contribution to thermal expansion due to valence fluctuations. The experimental data on the linear CTE of Al/SmB6 composite was performed by capacitive dilatometry in the temperature range 5-220K. It turned out that this composite shows invar properties up to 60K. Several models were used to describe thermal expansion in Al/SmB6. A quantitative approach is proposed for describing the negative magnetic contribution and the lattice contribution to the CTE of systems based on intermediate-valence samarium hexaboride.
Structure, phase composition and properties of vacuum pressureless sintered ZrO2-based composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Leonov A A , Li Jing , Kalashnikov M P , Rudmin M A , Khasanov O L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, composites based on 3 mol. % yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) with additives of 1, 5 and 10 wt. % multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated. Samples were obtained by cold pressing followed by vacuum pressureless sintering at a temperature of 1500 °C. It was found that MWCNTs retain their structure after high-temperature sintering, they are located along the zirconia grain boundaries and they lead a grain refining effect for zirconia matrix. Nanotubes can significantly affect the phase composition of composites. Additives 5 wt. % and 10 wt. % MWCNT partially limits the monoclinic-tetragonal phase transition of ZrO2 and leads to the formation of a new phase of zirconium carbide. An increase of MWCNTs content in composites leads to a smooth decrease of the relative density from 99.2 % to 81.2 %. To obtain fully dense 3YSZ/MWCNT composites, longer sintering at higher temperatures is required compared to the conditions for sintering 3YSZ ceramics without additives.
Energy recovery strategies as a sustainable solutions for municipal solid waste in Egypt
Authors: Koraiem Handawy M , Yu Snegirev A , Stepanov V V , Talalov V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plastic is highly durable, strong, elastic, and less expensive to produce, and widely used globally. The result of excessive use causes a high accumulation of plastic waste for communities in developing countries Like Egypt. Egypt is one of the largest countries in population in Africa and the middle east. According to Environments Affairs Agency (EEAA), Egypt produces over 22 million tons of municipal waste per year, and waste plastic represents 13% of the total waste. Therefore, plastic recycling is critical in our life. But mechanical recycling is unable to recycle all plastic, as it is an expansive and challenging process. It exhibits a series of degenerated properties like lowering the impact resistance characterizers of polymers. The second recycling process is chemical methods and thermochemical recycling. Thermochemical degradation has a promising substitutional for recycling polymers. For example, pyrolysis can deal with high molar mass organic molecules since the plastic owns a calorific value comparable to fuel. Energy Recovery from waste Plastic using the thermal treatment for plastics as incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis represents a suitable process as discussed. So, the fuel production from pyrolysis polymer would be a better and more promising alternative for a country like Egypt.
Can we control the amount of useful nonclassicality in a photon added hypergeometric state?
Authors: Malpani Priya , Thapliyal Kishore , Pathak Anirban 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Non-Gaussianity inducing operations are studied in the recent past from different perspectives. Here, we study the role of photon addition, a non-Gaussianity inducing operation, in the enhancement of nonclassicality in a finite dimensional quantum state, namely hypergeometric state with the help of some quantifiers and measures of nonclassicality. We observed that measures to characterize the quality of single photon source and anticlassicality lead to the similar conclusion, i.e. to obtain the desired quantum features one has to choose all the state parameters such that average photon numbers remains low. Wigner logarithmic negativity of the photon added hypergeometric state and concurrence of the two-mode entangled state generated at the output of a beamsplitter from this state show that nonclassicality can be enhanced by increasing the state parameter and photon number addition but decreasing the dimension of the state. In principle, decreasing the dimension of the state is analogous to holeburning and is thus expected to increase nonclassicality. Further, the variation of Wigner function not only qualitatively illustrates the same features as observed quantitatively through concurrence potential and Wigner logarithimic negativity, but illustrate non-Gaussianity of the quantum state as well.
Detailed Reanalysis of 500 Breast Cancers With Equivocal HER2 Immunohistochemistry and Borderline ERBB2 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Results
Authors: Geiersbach Katherine B , Sill Daniel R , Del Rosario Kristina M , Meyer Reid G , Spears Grant M , Yuhas Jason A , Sukov William R , Jenkins Robert B , Ocal Idris T , Mounajjed Taofic , Chen Beiyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the impact of our laboratory’s reflex testing process for resolving ERBB2 (HER2) status on breast cancer samples that require additional workup after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), per guideline recommendations published in 2018 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP).

Methods
In total, 500 breast cancer specimens with ERBB2 FISH results in groups 2 through 4 (all reported as immunohistochemistry [IHC] equivocal [2+] at external laboratories) were resubmitted for IHC testing in our laboratory. Per the ASCO/CAP guideline, FISH was rescored when internal IHC was also equivocal (2+), targeted to tumor areas demonstrating more intense IHC staining, if observed.

Results
Reflex IHC/FISH testing changed the final reported ERBB2 status in 185 of 500 (37.0%) samples. Result changes included discordant IHC (n = 4 score 0, n = 132 score 1+, and n = 16 score 3+) and discordant FISH (n = 33). Numerical differences in FISH scores were comparable for targeted vs nontargeted FISH rescoring (P = .086 for ERBB2 copy number; P = .49 for ERBB2 ratio). Two cases showed larger differences in FISH scores, suggesting heterogeneity.

Conclusions
Retesting of breast cancer samples with equivocal IHC frequently changes IHC results, but targeted reanalysis of borderline FISH results rarely identifies significant differences in ERBB2 copy number or ratio.
Association of Anthropometric Measures With the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Sattayapiwat Olivia , Wan Peggy , Hernandez Brenda Y , Le Marchand Loic , Wilkens Lynne , Haiman Christopher A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk, conducted primarily in White men, positive associations with advanced disease have been reported. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over 22 years (1993–2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (≥68 inches (≥ 173 cm) vs. &lt; 66 inches (168 cm); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.48) and high-grade disease (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared with men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in Blacks and Native Hawaiians (by race, P for heterogeneity = 0.0002 and 0.008, respectively). Weight change since age 21 years was positively associated with high-grade disease (for ≥ 40 pounds (18 kg) vs. 10 pounds (4.5 kg), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; P for trend = 0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all 5 racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.
The Take-off for Private Consultants in Child Protection Investigations—How Did Sweden Get Here?
Authors: Järkestig Berggren Ulrika , Arnesson Kerstin , Bergman Ann-Sofie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of private consultants in child protection investigations in Sweden is an evolving practice that occurs under the radar; it is not in the political agenda and it is obscure in relation to legislation. The aim of this article is to analyse the contextual forces, facilitators and intentions behind the ongoing implementation of privatisation in child protection investigations. For this article, both quantitative and qualitative data for the years 2013–2017 were obtained through a telephone questionnaire. Managers of 32 social services departments were interviewed. Statistical data of the year 2018 collected by the National Board of Health and Welfare was also included in the analysis. Applying a mixed-method design, the article shows that some prerequisites in legislation make it possible for privatisation to develop. There are societal changes that act as contextual forces, and there are structures in place from earlier stages of the development of privatisation that facilitate the new practice. Also, there are professional intentions that drive the process. The implementation of private consultants in child protection takes place during a period of high workload for social services. The article concludes with a discussion about the consequences for children and families of this new trend in privatisation.
School Social Worker Voice during COVID-19 School Disruptions: A National Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Capp Gordon , Watson Kate , Astor Ron A , Kelly Michael S , Benbenishty Rami 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented impacts on our schools and society, requiring school social workers (SSWs) to attend to layered and cascading effects for students and their families. This study presents rich qualitative data from a national survey of SSWs about their personal and professional roles supporting students, families, and staff members as schools shifted to remote instruction. Findings indicate that SSWs are highly concerned about a lack of basic needs resources, including food, housing, and mental health support for students and families. SSWs highlighted the unequal effects of school closures for families without technology and Internet access as well as the difficulties providing services during the pandemic. Recovery policies should target resources to schools with the highest needs while prioritizing food, housing, mental health, and access to tools for online learning. SSWs also need additional and refined professional support to overcome their isolated roles in schools and bolster their ability to deliver online services effectively.
A De Novo Transcriptome Assembly ofCeratopteris richardiiProvides Insights into the Evolutionary Dynamics of Complex Gene Families in Land Plants
Authors: Geng Yuan , Cai Chao , McAdam Scott A.M , Banks Jo Ann , Wisecaver Jennifer H , Zhou Yun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the closest extant sister group to seed plants, ferns are an important reference point to study the origin and evolution of plant genes and traits. One bottleneck to the use of ferns in phylogenetic and genetic studies is the fact that genome-level sequence information of this group is limited, due to the extreme genome sizes of most ferns. Ceratopteris richardii (hereafter Ceratopteris) has been widely used as a model system for ferns. In this study, we generated a transcriptome of Ceratopteris, through the de novo assembly of the RNA-seq data from 17 sequencing libraries that are derived from two sexual types of gametophytes and five different sporophyte tissues. The Ceratopteris transcriptome, together with 38 genomes and transcriptomes from other species across the Viridiplantae, were used to uncover the evolutionary dynamics of orthogroups (predicted gene families using OrthoFinder) within the euphyllophytes and identify proteins associated with the major shifts in plant morphology and physiology that occurred in the last common ancestors of euphyllophytes, ferns, and seed plants. Furthermore, this resource was used to identify and classify the GRAS domain transcriptional regulators of many developmental processes in plants. Through the phylogenetic analysis within each of the 15 GRAS orthogroups, we uncovered which GRAS family members are conserved or have diversified in ferns and seed plants. Taken together, the transcriptome database and analyses reported here provide an important platform for exploring the evolution of gene families in land plants and for studying gene function in seed-free vascular plants.
Predictive Performance of Blood S100B in the Management of Patients Over 65 Years Old With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Oris Charlotte , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Pinguet Jérémy , Kahouadji Samy , Durif Julie , Meslé Vallauris , Pereira Bruno , Schmidt Jeannot , Sapin Vincent , Bouvier Damien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe previously assessed the inclusion of S100B blood determination into clinical decision rules for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management in the Emergency Department (ED) of Clermont-Ferrand Hospital. At the 0.10 µg/L threshold, S100B reduced the use of cranial computed tomography (CCT) scan in adults by at least 30% with a ~100% sensitivity. Older patients had higher serum S100B values, resulting in lower specificity (18.7%) and decreased CCT reduction. We conducted this study to confirm the age effect on S100B concentrations, and to propose new decisional thresholds for older patients.MethodsA total of 1172 mTBI patients aged 65 and over were included. They were divided into 3 age groups: 65–79, 80–89, and ≥ 90 years old. S100B’s performance to identify intracranial lesions (sensitivity [SE] and specificity [SP]) was assessed using the routine 0.10 µg/L threshold and also other more efficient thresholds established for each age group.ResultsS100B concentration medians were 0.18, 0.26, and 0.32 µg/L for the 65–79, 80–89, and ≥ 90 years old age groups, respectively (p &lt; .001). The most efficient thresholds were 0.11 µg/L for the 65–79 age group and 0.15 µg/L for the other groups. At these new thresholds, SP was respectively 28.4%, 34.3%, and 20.5% for each age group versus 24.9%, 18.2%, and 10.5% at the 0.10 µg/L threshold.ConclusionsAdjustment of the S100B threshold is necessary in older patients’ management. An increased threshold of 0.15 µg/L is particularly interesting for patients ≥ 80 years old, allowing a significant increase of CCT scan reduction (29.3%).
Aging as Otherness: Revisiting Simone de Beauvoir’s Old Age
Authors: Gilleard Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aging has been given short shrift as a topic in philosophy. The aim of this article is to redress this neglect by revisiting some of the key philosophical issues in Simone de Beauvoir’s book, Old Age. In her notion of old age’s unrealizability, its impossibility of fully embodying a subject position, and the role played by the other in denying such subjectivity, she draws upon the work of both Heidegger and Sartre. The dilemma she repeatedly draws attention to, of always seeming to age in ways other than as one’s self, raises the question of whether any view of aging as an authentic subjectivity may be no more than, in Heidegger’s words, a “chimerical undertaking.” In examining how the concepts of bad faith and inauthenticity are used by Heidegger and Sartre, the article concludes that for both these writers, an authentic subject position can be maintained in later life, without ending up as the otherwise inauthentic subject of others’ collective imaginary of “a good age.”
‘We’re not gonna have a big quit if loose ones are around’: urban, African American smokers’ beliefs concerning single cigarette use reduction
Authors: Phan Lilianna , Kuo Charlene Chao-Li , Fryer Craig S , Smith-Bynum Mia A , Clark Pamela I , Butler James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle cigarette use (i.e. loosies, loose ones, singles) poses risks for smoking continuation among urban, African American smokers. There is, however, limited research to inform health education interventions addressing this behavior. We conducted 25 in-depth interviews with urban, African American users (ages 20–58 years) from Baltimore, MD and the District of Columbia in June and July 2018 to assess their beliefs about reducing single cigarette use. Interviews were guided by the Health Belief Model and its constructs of perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and self-efficacy. We analyzed qualitative data using framework analysis. Perceived benefits of reducing single cigarette use involved the avoidance of health risks, including concerns about buying fake cigarettes and exposure to unknown personal hygiene practices from sellers. Perceived barriers were the convenience of buying singles due to their availability, accessibility and low cost. Participants shared they were willing to use cognitive behavioral strategies to reduce their purchasing and use of singles. This study provides insights on potential intervention targets related to beliefs towards reducing single cigarette use. These findings can inform enforcement policies and health education interventions targeting single cigarette use among urban, African American smokers who use singles.
Sequencing at lymphoid neoplasm susceptibility loci maps six myeloma risk genes
Authors: Waller Rosalie Griffin , Klein Robert J , Vijai Joseph , McKay James D , Clay-Gilmour Alyssa , Wei Xiaomu , Madsen Michael J , Sborov Douglas W , Curtin Karen , Slager Susan L , Offit Kenneth , Vachon Celine M , Lipkin Steven M , Dumontet Charles , Camp Nicola J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inherited genetic risk factors play a role in multiple myeloma (MM), yet considerable missing heritability exists. Rare risk variants at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci are a new avenue to explore. Pleiotropy between lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) has been suggested in family history and genetic studies, but no studies have interrogated sequencing for pleiotropic genes or rare risk variants. Sequencing genetically enriched cases can help discover rarer variants. We analyzed exome sequencing in familial or early-onset MM cases to identify rare, functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci for a range of LNs. A total of 149 distinct and significant LN GWAS loci have been published. We identified six recurrent, rare, potentially deleterious variants within 5 kb of significant GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms in 75 MM cases. Mutations were observed in BTNL2, EOMES, TNFRSF13B, IRF8, ACOXL and TSPAN32. All six genes replicated in an independent set of 255 early-onset MM or familial MM or precursor cases. Expansion of our analyses to the full length of these six genes resulted in a list of 39 rare and deleterious variants, seven of which segregated in MM families. Three genes also had significant rare variant burden in 733 sporadic MM cases compared with 935 control individuals: IRF8 (P = 1.0 × 10−6), EOMES (P = 6.0 × 10−6) and BTNL2 (P = 2.1 × 10−3). Together, our results implicate six genes in MM risk, provide support for genetic pleiotropy between LN subtypes and demonstrate the utility of sequencing genetically enriched cases to identify functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci.
The Concept of (In)admissibility in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Limited Yet Indispensable
Authors: Pauker Saar A , Winston Benny 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concept of “admissibility of claims” in investment treaty arbitration is far from settled. Its very existence (and if so, its scope) has given rise to voluminous divergence of views amongst tribunals and scholars. Under the debatable assumption that admissibility is more discretionary than jurisdiction, various requirements, such as the requirement to have recourse to the local courts of the host State for twelve or eighteen months, have sometimes been characterized as referring to “admissibility” rather than as jurisdictional requirements. By contrast, other arbitrators and scholars contest the very existence of “admissibility” in investment treaty arbitration, and criticize any “downgrading” of jurisdictional requirement in order to “bypass” it. This article is focused on four particular issues, in light of recent cases decided since 2017, and in view of Söderlund and Burova's detailed contribution: waiting/negotiations and prior local recourse periods; shareholder's claims; exclusive contractual forum selection clause; and denial of benefits. It argues that the while the recourse to the concept of “admissibility” of claims in investment treaty arbitration should be limited and cautious, it is still indispensable.
Incidence and severity of surgical complications after pectus excavatum bar removal
Authors: Media Ara Shwan , Christensen Thomas Decker , Katballe Niels , Pilegaard Hans Kristian , de Paoli Frank Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Pectus bar removal is the final step of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Complication rates related to bar removal have been reported in 2–15% of patients and severe, near-fatal and fatal complications have been reported. No systematic assessment of complication severity or risk factors associated with bar removal has been reported in large study populations. The aim of this paper is to investigate the safety of the bar removal procedure with regard to complication rates and severities as well as assessment of risk factors.

METHODS
Between 2003 and 2019, 1574 patients underwent the bar removal procedure. Medical records were assessed retrospectively and complications registered. Complications were categorized in infections, bleedings and other complications. The severity of the surgical complications was systematically classified using the validated Clavien–Dindo classification. Furthermore, risk factors associated with complications were assessed.

RESULTS
The overall complication rate was 4.1% (Clavien–Dindo classification I–IV), mainly consisting of bleedings (1.3%) and infections (1.5%). Five cases of severe bleedings were registered (0.3%, Clavien–Dindo classification IV). Risk factors associated with complications during bar removal were greater age and removal of more than one bar.

CONCLUSIONS
The bar removal procedure is a safe and effective procedure. Both age and number of bars inserted should be considered prior to surgical correction of pectus excavatum as these factors predict complications related to bar removal.