bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Ingested Laryngoscope Bulb During Emergency Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Gupta Sandhya , Nagyan Tushar , Nasar Md Abu , Some Sowbir , Agarwal P. N. 
Published: November 2021

Laryngoscope is one of the most important lifesaving tools in the armamentarium of medical personnel. As is the case with any other tool, this too is susceptible to rare failures. One of these rare malfunctions is the dislodgement of bulb during endotracheal intubation. This can be associated with serious consequences if patient aspirates or ingests the bulb. In the following communication we report this off chance mishap while intubating a patient in trauma ICU.
Effect of Empagliflozin on Blood Volume Redistribution in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis From the Empire HF Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Omar Massar , Jensen Jesper , Burkhoff Daniel , Frederiksen Peter H. , Kistorp Caroline , Videbæk Lars , Poulsen Mikael Kjær , Gustafsson Finn , Køber Lars , Borlaug Barry A. , Schou Morten , Møller Jacob Eifer 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Stressed blood volume (SBV) is a major determinant of systemic and pulmonary venous pressures which, in turn, determine left and right ventricular fillings and regulates cardiac output via the Frank-Starling mechanism. It is not known whether inhibition of the SGLT2 (sodium–glucose cotransporter-2) favorably affects SBV. We investigated the effect of empagliflozin on estimated SBV in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction compared with placebo.

Methods:
This was a post hoc analysis of an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Seventy patients were assigned to empagliflozin 10 mg or matching placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Patients underwent right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise at baseline and follow-up. The outcome was change in estimated SBV after 12 weeks of empagliflozin treatment over the full range of exercise, determined using a recently introduced analytical approach based on invasive hemodynamic assessment.

Results:

Patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, mean age, 57 years and mean ejection fraction 27%, with 47 patients (71%) receiving diuretics were randomized. The effect of empagliflozin on estimated SBV over the full range of exercise loads showed a statistically significant reduction compared with placebo (−198.4 mL [95% CI, −317.4 to −79.3]
P
=0.001), a 9% decrease. The decrease in estimated SBV by empagliflozin was significantly correlated with the decrease in PCWP (
R
=−0.33,
P
<0.0001). The effect of empagliflozin was consistent across subgroup analysis.

Conclusions:
Empagliflozin treatment significantly reduced SBV compared with placebo after 12 weeks of treatment in patients with stable chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction during sub maximal exercise.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03198585.
Deep Learning of the Retina Enables Phenome- and Genome-Wide Analyses of the Microvasculature
Authors: Zekavat Seyedeh Maryam , Raghu Vineet K. , Trinder Mark , Ye Yixuan , Koyama Satoshi , Honigberg Michael C. , Yu Zhi , Pampana Akhil , Urbut Sarah , Haidermota Sara , O’Regan Declan P. , Zhao Hongyu , Ellinor Patrick T. , Segrè Ayellet V. , Elze Tobias , Wiggs Janey L. , Martone James , Adelman Ron A. , Zebardast Nazlee , Del Priore Lucian , Wang Jay C. , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The microvasculature, the smallest blood vessels in the body, has key roles in maintenance of organ health and tumorigenesis. The retinal fundus is a window for human in vivo noninvasive assessment of the microvasculature. Large-scale complementary machine learning-based assessment of the retinal vasculature with phenome-wide and genome-wide analyses may yield new insights into human health and disease.

Methods:

We used 97 895 retinal fundus images from 54 813 UK Biobank participants. Using convolutional neural networks to segment the retinal microvasculature, we calculated vascular density and fractal dimension as a measure of vascular branching complexity. We associated these indices with 1866 incident
International Classification of Diseases
–based conditions (median 10-year follow-up) and 88 quantitative traits, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and ethnicity.

Results:
Low retinal vascular fractal dimension and density were significantly associated with higher risks for incident mortality, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, anemia, and multiple ocular conditions, as well as corresponding quantitative traits. Genome-wide association of vascular fractal dimension and density identified 7 and 13 novel loci, respectively, that were enriched for pathways linked to angiogenesis (eg, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, angiopoietin, and WNT signaling pathways) and inflammation (eg, interleukin, cytokine signaling).

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that the retinal vasculature may serve as a biomarker for future cardiometabolic and ocular disease and provide insights into genes and biological pathways influencing microvascular indices. Moreover, such a framework highlights how deep learning of images can quantify an interpretable phenotype for integration with electronic health record, biomarker, and genetic data to inform risk prediction and risk modification.
Further improvements on estimating the popularity of recently published papers
Authors: Chatzopoulos Serafeim , Vergoulis Thanasis , Kanellos Ilias , Dalamagas Theodore , Tryfonopoulos Christos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As the number of published scientific papers continually increases, the ability to assess their impact becomes more valuable than ever. In this work, we focus on the problem of estimating the expected citation-based popularity (or short-term impact) of papers. State-of-the-art methods for this problem attempt to leverage the current citation data of each paper. However, these methods are prone to inaccuracies for recently published papers, which have a limited citation history. In this context, we previously introduced ArtSim, an approach that can be applied on top of any popularity estimation method to improve its accuracy. Its power originates from providing more accurate estimations for the most recently published papers by considering the popularity of similar, older ones. In this work, we present ArtSim+, an improved ArtSim adaptation that considers an additional type of paper similarity and incorporates a faster configuration procedure, resulting in improved effectiveness and configuration efficiency.
BIP4COVID19: Releasing impact measures for articles relevant to COVID-19
Authors: Vergoulis Thanasis , Kanellos Ilias , Chatzopoulos Serafeim , Pla Karidi Danae , Dalamagas Theodore 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, a large number of relevant articles have been published or become available in preprint servers. These articles, along with earlier related literature, compose a valuable knowledge base affecting contemporary research studies or even government actions to limit the spread of the disease, and directing treatment decisions taken by physicians. However, the number of such articles is increasing at an intense rate, making the exploration of the relevant literature and the identification of useful knowledge challenging. In this work, we describe BIP4COVID19, an open data set that offers a variety of impact measures for coronavirus-related scientific articles. These measures can be exploited for the creation or extension of added-value services aiming to facilitate the exploration of the respective literature, alleviating the aforementioned issue. In the same context, as a use case, we provide a publicly accessible keyword-based search interface for COVID-19-related articles, which leverages our data to rank search results according to the calculated impact indicators.
Reconstructing Arctic Sea Ice over the Common Era Using Data Assimilation
Authors: Brennan M. Kathleen , Hakim Gregory J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Arctic sea ice decline in recent decades has been dramatic; however, few long-term records of Arctic sea ice exist to put such a decline in context. Here we employ an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation approach to reconstruct Arctic sea ice concentration over the last two millennia by assimilating temperature-sensitive proxy records with ensembles drawn from last millennium climate model simulations. We first test the efficacy of this method using pseudoproxy experiments. Results show good agreement between the target and reconstructed total Arctic sea ice extent (R2 value and coefficient of efficiency values of 0.51 and 0.47 for perfect model experiments and 0.43 and 0.43 for imperfect model experiments). Imperfect model experiments indicate that the reconstructions inherit some bias from the model prior. We assimilate 487 temperature-sensitive proxy records with two climate model simulations to produce two gridded reconstructions of Arctic sea ice over the last two millennia. These reconstructions show good agreement with satellite observations between 1979 and 1999 CE for total Arctic sea ice extent with an R2 value and coefficient of efficiency of about 0.60 and 0.50, respectively, for both models. Regional quantities derived from these reconstructions show encouraging similarities with independent reconstructions and sea ice sensitive proxy records from the Barents Sea, Baffin Bay, and East Greenland Sea. The reconstructions show a positive trend in Arctic sea ice extent between around 750 and 1820 CE, and increases during years with large volcanic eruptions that persist for about 5 years. Trend analysis of total Arctic sea ice extent reveals that for time periods longer than 30 years, the satellite era decline in total Arctic sea ice extent is unprecedented over the last millennium.

Significance Statement
Areal coverage of Arctic sea ice is a critical aspect of the climate system that has been changing rapidly in recent decades. Prior to the advent of satellite observations, sparse observations of Arctic sea ice make it difficult to put the current changes in context. Here we reconstruct annual averages of Arctic sea ice coverage for the last two millennia by combining temperature-sensitive proxy records (i.e., ice cores, tree rings, and corals) with climate model simulations using a statistical technique called data assimilation. We find large interannual changes in Arctic sea ice coverage prior to 1850 that are associated with volcanic eruptions, with a steady rise in Arctic sea ice coverage between 750 and 1820 CE. The satellite-period loss of sea ice has no analog during the last millennium.
A Study of AR-, TS-, and MCS-Associated Precipitation and Extreme Precipitation in Present and Warmer Climates
Authors: Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs), tropical storms (TSs), and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are important weather phenomena that often threaten society through heavy precipitation and strong winds. Despite their potentially vital role in global and regional hydrological cycles, their contributions to long-term mean and extreme precipitation have not been systematically explored at the global scale. Using observational and reanalysis data, and NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s new high-resolution global climate model, we quantify that despite their occasional (13%) occurrence globally, AR, TS, and MCS days together account for ∼55% of global mean precipitation and ∼75% of extreme precipitation with daily rates exceeding its local 99th percentile. The model reproduces well the observed percentage of mean and extreme precipitation associated with AR, TS, and MCS days. In an idealized global warming simulation with a homogeneous SST increase of 4 K, the modeled changes in global mean and regional distribution of precipitation correspond well with changes in AR/TS/MCS precipitation. Globally, the frequency of AR days increases and migrates toward higher latitudes while the frequency of TS days increases over the central Pacific and part of the south Indian Ocean with a decrease elsewhere. The frequency of MCS days tends to increase over parts of the equatorial western and eastern Pacific warm pools and high latitudes and decreases over most part of the tropics and subtropics. The AR/TS/MCS mean precipitation intensity increases by ∼5% K−1 due primarily to precipitation increases in the top 25% of AR/TS/MCS days with the heaviest precipitation, which are dominated by the thermodynamic component with the dynamic and microphysical components playing a secondary role.
Freezing Fraction in Freezing Rain
Authors: Jones Kathleen F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Freezing rain can cause significant tree damage with fallen trees and branches blocking roads and taking power distribution lines out of service. Power transmission lines are designed for ice loads from freezing rain, using models to estimate equivalent radial ice thicknesses from historical weather data. The conservative simple flux model assumes that all the freezing rain that impinges on a horizontal cylinder, representing vegetation or components of the built infrastructure, freezes. Here I present a simplified heat-balance formulation to calculate the fraction of the impinging precipitation that freezes, using parameters measured at ASOS weather stations and an estimate of solar heating. Radial ice thickness estimates from this approach are compared with the simple model and those generated from the ASOS icing sensor. These estimates can all be tested by comparing to measurements on cylinders at weather stations. A link to an Excel spreadsheet that calculates freezing fraction using user-input weather data is provided. In forecast freezing rain events, this tool could be used by utility crews and emergency response teams to estimate the likely range of equivalent radial ice thicknesses over the affected region and plan their response accordingly.

Significance Statement
Freezing rain can cause significant tree damage with fallen trees and branches blocking roads and taking power distribution lines out of service. Power transmission lines are designed for ice loads from freezing rain calculated from historical weather data. This paper provides an algorithm for computing ice loads on trees and power lines, using weather data to determine the fraction of the precipitation that freezes on them rather than dripping off. This freezing fraction result is compared to estimates reported by weather stations and to a simple model that assumes all the wind-blown freezing rain freezes on the wires, twigs, and branches. A link is provided to an Excel tool that calculates freezing fraction. This could be used with freezing rain forecasts to estimate the likely severity of the event.
Characterization and analysis of novel natural cellulosic fiber extracted from Strelitzia reginae plant
Authors: Lemita Nourelhouda , Deghboudj Samir , Rokbi Mansour , Rekbi Fares Mohammed Laid , Halimi Rafik 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate in detail the usability of new cellulosic fibers extracted from the stem of the plant Strelitzia reginae, as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites. The morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers were addressed for the first time in this paper. Both untreated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and applying tensile test for determining the mechanical behavior. For both fiber treated at one hour (T1H) and at four hours (T4H), the stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. Thermogravimetry and DSC showed that the fiber was thermally stable up to 233°C for untreated fiber, 254 and 240°C, respectively, In single-fiber tensile tests, it was observed that the fibers extracted from the stem of Strelitzia reginae were strong. The mean values of Young’s modulus exhibited by untreated fibers and treated (T1H) and (T4H) are, respectively, 9.89 GPa, 12.08, and 18.39 GPa. Also mean values of tensile strength are 271.79, 306.23, and 421.39 MPa. The XRD reveals the presence of cellulose with a Crystallinity Index of 70% for raw fiber and 72% for the treated one. Fourier-transform infrared analysis well demonstrated the effect of chemical treatment. It can be concluded from the results of all above experiments that the Strelitzia reginae fibers (SR) could serve as a possible reinforcement in composite materials.
Brazilian Dependent Capitalism under the Hegemony of Financialized Capital
Authors: Crivelenti e Castro Lucas 
Published: November 2021

An analysis of the Brazilian economic history of the past 50 years shows that the accumulation of foreign debt and its subsequent crisis in the 1980s, the ensuing fiscal adjustments with supervision by the International Monetary Fund, the execution of the Real Plan in 1994, the resulting macroeconomic trifecta, and new laws and resolutions have reinforced and expanded Brazil’s economic and financial dependency. Since the 1990s, its political-economic relations have been shaped by the principles of a liberal-monetarist economy that is the basis for the accumulation and revaluation of domestic and foreign capital. Uma análise da história econômica brasileira dos últimos 50 anos mostra que o acúmulo da dívida externa e sua posterior crise nos anos 1980, os subsequentes ajustes fiscais com supervisões do International Monetary Fund, a execução do Plano Real em 1994, a decorrente política do tripé macroeconômico e as leis e resoluções, reforçaram e ampliaram a dependência econômico-financeira do Brasil em sua inserção mundial. Desde os anos 1990, o âmago das relações político-econômicas brasileiras está gestado por princípios doutrinários de uma economia liberal-monetarista, a qual é a base para a acumulação e revalorização de capital interno e externo.
A Quality Improvement Project on Pain Management at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Wilding Jodi , Scott Hailey , Suwalska Victoria , Geddes Zarina , Venegas Carolina Lavin , Long Deborah , Macartney Gail , MacNeil Mary , Martelli Brenda , Mervitz Deborah , Reszel Jessica , Theoret-Douglas Carol , Ullyot Nora , Harrison Denise 
Published: November 2021

To assess and improve pain management practices for hospitalized children in an urban tertiary pediatric teaching hospital. Methods Health Quality Ontario Quality Improvement (QI) framework informed this study. A pre (T1) – post (T2) intervention assessment included chart reviews and children/caregiver surveys to ascertain pain management practices. Information on self-reported pain intensity, painful procedures, pain treatment and satisfaction were obtained from children/caregivers. Documented pain assessment, pain scores, and pharmacological/non-pharmacological pain treatments were collected by chart review. T1 data was fed back to pediatric units to inform their decisions and pain management targets. Results At T1, 51 (58% of eligible participants) children/caregivers participated. At T2, 86 (97%) chart reviews and 51 (54%) children/caregivers surveys were completed. Most children/caregivers at T1 (78%) and T2 (80%) reported moderate to severe pain during their hospitalization. A mean of 2.6 painful procedures were documented in the previous 24 h, with the most common being needle-related procedures at both T1 and T2. Pain management strategies were infrequently used during needle-related procedures at both time points. Conclusion No improvements in pain management as measured by the T1 and T2 data occurred. Findings informed further pain management initiatives in the participating hospital.
Neuroimaging Features of Intracranial Hypertension in Pediatric Patients With New-Onset Idiopathic Seizures, a Comparison With Patients with Confirmed Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kamali Arash , Aein Azin , Naderi Niyousha , Choi Sally J. , Doyle Nathan , Butler Ian J. , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. , Bonfante Eliana E. , Sheikh-Bahaei Nasim , Khanpara Shekhar , Patel Rajan P. , Riascos Roy F. , Zhang Xu , Tang Rosa A. , Radmanesh Alireza 
Published: November 2021

Seizures have been reported in association with idiopathic intracranial hypertension in pediatric patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of intracranial hypertension have not been investigated before in pediatric patients with new-onset idiopathic seizures. MRI scans of 182 pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed for imaging findings of intracranial hypertension, including 46 patients with new-onset idiopathic seizures and elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure, 40 patients with new-onset idiopathic seizures and normal opening pressure, 56 patients with confirmed idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. The optic nerve sheath diameter is significantly larger in the group with new-onset idiopathic seizures and elevated opening pressure (mean diameter of 6.02 ± 0.45 mm) compared to patients with new-onset idiopathic seizures and normal opening pressure (mean diameter of 5.24 ± 0.50 mm) ( P value <.001). The cutoff value of 6.0 mm for optic nerve sheath diameter showed 63% sensitivity and 88% specificity to differentiate pediatric patients with seizures and elevated opening pressure from those with seizures and normal opening pressure. Conclusion A cutoff value of 6.0 mm for optic nerve sheath dilation may be used as a screening imaging marker to suspect elevated opening pressure with specificity of 88% in pediatric patients with new-onset idiopathic seizures.
Use of Colony-Stimulating Factors in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ragsdale Morgan E. , Hall Zimmerman Lisa G. 
Published: November 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that commonly manifests as cutaneous rashes, renal disease, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and cytopenia. Hematological anomalies are frequently associated with drug-induced toxicity in SLE patients. Colony-stimulating factors have been used to treat drug-induced cytopenia in past case reports; however, evidence suggests that colony-stimulating factors can exacerbate autoimmune disorders, including SLE. This case report presents two patients with SLE exacerbations after colony-stimulating factor administration. The first case is a young male with SLE who developed pancytopenia with a white blood cell count (WBC) of 1 × 109 cells/L. The patient was administered filgrastim during his initial admission and presented to the hospital 2 days after discharge in cardiac arrest with a WBC of 66.7 × 109 cells/L. The second case is a 49-year-old female with SLE who was administered sargramostim in response to a WBC count of 9 × 109 cells/L. The patient experienced a drastic increase in WBC followed by a cardiac arrest. These cases highlight the need for more research regarding the safe use of colony-stimulating factors in SLE patients.