bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetaminophen Assay
Authors: Segal Sydney , Anyan Walter R. , Hill Reba M. , Kauffman Ralph E. , Mofenson Howard C. , Pruitt Albert W. , Shinefield Henry B. , Singer Harvey S. , Weinberger Miles M. , Ballin John C. , Catz Charlotte , Farchione Louis , Freeman Martha M. , Frigoletto Fred , Penna Richard P. , Licata Sam A. , Oakley Godfrey , Sawchuk Steven , Soyka Lester F. 
Published: December 2021

In its 1978 "Commentary on Acetaminophen,"1 the Committee on Drugs made reference to a colorimetric assay method in kit form (Kendal et al)2 which purportedly provided a reliable, quick, and practical method for identifying patients with potentially toxic concentrations of serum acetaminophen. Since publication of the commentary, the Committee has become aware of several reports of problems with the accuracy and specificity of this assay which limit its reliability and usefulness.3-7
Although the Kendal assay was mentioned in the commentary for informational purposes only, it has become apparent from subsequent comments in the literature that at least some individuals construed this mention as a tacit endorsement by the Academy of this specific assay method. It is not now and has never been the business or intent of the Committee or the Academy to recommend a specific analytic method for measuring acetaminophen. Numerous methods to measure acetaminophen in serum have been described during the past five years. The comparative advantages and disadvantages of the various methods were recently reviewed by Wiener,7 and this study should be used for specific information. Drugs other than acetaminophen—including salicylate, phenobarbital, and phenylbutazone—interfere with some of the colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods described in the literature. In addition, some methods measure inactive conjugates of acetaminophen as well as the active drug, thereby providing erroneously high results. The method used by a specific laboratory wifi depend, to a great extent, on the available analytic equipment and expertise. Therefore, it is important that the physician be aware of the method being used and the potential shortcomings and error inherent in that method when he/she interprets the results.
Rectal Mercury
Authors: Seidel James , MacMahon Mary 
Published: December 2021

In the July issue (Pediatrics 66:130, 1980) we reported on acute mercury poisoning after polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ingestion. We recently encountered another patient who was exposed to PVA in an unusual manner.
A 4-year-old girl was seen at a community health clinic with the complaint that there were small white worms in her stool. Her parents were given a kit containing three 10-ml bottles of PVA to collect stools for examination for ova and parasites with verbal and written instructions for stool collections.
Comment on Transcutaneous Bilirubin Device of Yamanouchi
Authors: Corchia Carlo , Vetrano Gennaro 
Published: December 2021

Yamanouchi et al (Pediatrics 65:195, 1980) have reported a new simple noninvasive method for the transcutaneous measurement of bilirubin levels in newborn infants using a small instrument which measures the color intensity of the skin.
By using that method, we have estimated the number of serum bilirubin measurements on capillary samples which could be avoided in full-term infants without clinical problems other than jaundice.
In the last 12 months 2,555 newborns weighing 2,501 to 4,000 gm were admitted to our nursery; bilirubinemia was determined at least once in 2,011 (78.7%) of them, giving a total number of determinations of 11,301.
MRS NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE'S INVALIDISM UNTIL HER MARRIAGE AT AGE 31 WAS ATTRIBUTED TO DIFFICULT TEETHING IN INFANCY
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Almost an article of faith among the laity until the beginning of this century was the belief that difficult teething could lead to ill health. The following quotation from Nathaniel Hawthorne's son's Hawthorne and His Wife1 points out his belief that his mother's invalidism up until she was married at age 31 was caused by difficult teething. It is of interest that Mrs Hawthorne's father, Dr Nathaniel Peabody, practiced dentistry in Salem and Boston, and also that she, like Elizabeth Barrett Browning, shed her invalidism shortly after her wedding day.
Sophia [Mrs Nathaniel Hawthorne] had been a very sick child on account of teething, and was made a life-long invalid by the heroic system of medicine which was then in vogue....She was incontinently dosed with drugs, from the harmful effects of which she never recovered, and which subjected her, among other things, to an acute nervous headache which lasted uninterruptedly from her twelfth to her thirty-first year, and of course, shortened her life by an unknown quantity [she lived to be 60 years old]...
The Boston physicians...tried their hands at curing her, and she went through courses of their poisons, each one bringing her to death's door, and leaving her less able to cope with the pain they did not reach. But the endurance of her physical constitution defied all the poisons of the materia medica—mercury, arsenic, opium, hyoscyamus, and all....In 1830 [she was then 19 years old]... she was living on hyoscyamus.
When Sophia Peabody became Sophia Hawthorne in 1842, she was, for the first time since infancy, in perfect health; nor did she ever afterwards relapse into her previous condition of invalidism.
New Rabies Vaccine
Authors: Plotkin Stanley A. 
Published: December 2021

Four score and 16 years after Louis Pasteur brought forth the first rabies vaccine in 1884,1 a new vaccine was licensed in the United States. Pasteur's vaccine made protection of man against rabies possible, even after a victim had been bitten. However, there were failures of prevention and the presence of nerve tissue in the vaccine resulted in severe neurologic reactions, including encephalopathy.2
The introduction of animal antirabies serum by Koprowski and Black3 and the subsequent replacement of animal serum by human rabies immune globulin developed by Cabasso et al4 reduced the number of vaccine failures by providing passive rabies antibodies before the active immunity induced by vaccination.
Spina Bifida: A New Disease
Authors: Leonard Claire O. , Freeman John M. 
Published: December 2021

The paper by Wald entitled "Biofeedback in the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Patients with Myelomeningocele" (Pediatrics 68:45, 1981) represents an additional small, but significant step in the management of children with spina bifida.
In the 1950s most children with spina bifida were left to die. In the 1960s most were vigorously treated. In the early 1970s Dr John Lorber presented a retrospective analysis of his results, and published his criteria for selection.1 Over these three decades the approach to the newborn with spina bifida has swung like a pendulum. More recent series2,3 demonstrate that with early treatment more than 80% of children survive; in our experience more than 95% survive.
Pharyngeal Gonorrhea
Authors: Silber Tomas Joce , Controni Guido 
Published: December 2021

Farrell and co-workers1 make a strong case for the suspicion of sexual abuse in all children who have vaginal cultures that are positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We want to add our support to their conclusions with an additional contribution: to extend their findings to include throat cultures positive for N gonorrhoeae. We have found this to be true in children of both sexes victimized by sexual abuse.
From January through December 1979 at our Children's Hospital National Medical Center we reviewed all cultures done on patients suspected of sex abuse.
Varicella Hepatitis or Reye's?
Authors: Partin Jacqueline S. , Partin John C. , Schubert William K. 
Published: December 2021

We read the article, "Varicella Hepatitis Without Neurologic Symptoms or Findings", by Ey, Smith and Fulginiti (Pediatrics 67: 285, 1981) with some distress. It seems unfortunate that so many reports on Reye's-like illnesses are being published using data based on unproven diagnoses. Although the etiology of the disease remains unknown, perhaps agreement could be reached on cliagnostic criteria.
During the period from December 1978 to May 1980, we studied 80 cases of Reye's disease. Thirty-three had a varicella prodrome; 28 of these were clinical grade 1.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Fulginiti Vincent A. , Ey John L. , Smith Sandra M. 
Published: December 2021

We thank Drs Partin and Schubert for their commentary on our report. We anticipated this type of reaction to our findings, hence our discussion in the body of our report.
The issue is clear. Is there an entity, varicella hepatitis, that is distinct from what some call stage I (or 0) Reye's syndrome? Neither our data nor the data in the above letter answer the question clearly. It is clear that there are children who have varicella with vomiting and associated liver enzyme elevations.
Apparent Inverted Tandem Duplication May Result from Parental Paracentric Inversion
Authors: McGee John P. , Cranin Debra Ann , Hoegerman Stanton F. , Hoegerman Georgeanne 
Published: December 2021

Strain et al1 described a retarded malformed young man with an abnormal chromosome 14 which they diagrammed as 14 pter→q31::q31→q21. They stated that G-banded chromosomes of both parents were normal and interpreted the proband's abnormal 14 as a de novo inverted tandem duplication.
We wish to propose an alternate mechanism which could account for both the origin of the proband's abnormal chromosome and the three miscarriages in six pregnancies experienced by the proband's mother. One of the proband's parents may be heterozygous for a paracentric inversion with breakpoints occurring within 14q24.1 and 14q32.3 or at any two other points between them equidistant from 14q31 (see figure 2 of Strain et al).
Otitis Media During Early Life: How Hazardous to Development? A Critical Review of the Evidence
Authors: Paradise Jack L. 
Published: December 2021

In a number of recent reports1-3 developmental impairments of a lasting nature have been attributed to prolonged or repeated episodes of otitis media occurring during the first one to three years of life. The impairments described include intellectural and learning difficulties,1,2,4-8,10-13 impaired speech and language,3,5,8,9,11-13 and disturbed behavior.7,8 In some of the reports1,12 the impairments have been referred to as permanent or irreversible.
These reports, having appeared in publications directed respectively to physicians,2-4,6,8-13 speech-language-hearing professionals,1-3,5 educators,11 and psychologists,7,12 and in some instances having been cited in widely disseminated professional and lay news media (reference 14; Newsweek, June 14, 1976, p 47; New York Times, Dec 26, 1978, p C2) quite naturally have aroused broad anxiety and concern. The reports also have served to provide the impetus, or the justification, not only for aggressive casefinding programs, but also, in infants and children with recognized middle-ear effusions, for early recourse to aggressive modes of treatment, most often in the form of myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.
The purpose of the present report is to review critically the body of evidence on which the supposed relationship between early otitis media and later developmental impairments is based.
DISEASE PROCESS
In the typical case of acute otitis media, pus fills the middle-ear cavity. Sooner or later the infection begins to subside—with or without the help of antimicrobial drugs—and the initially purulent middle-ear liquid changes in character, coming to resemble serum, mucus, or even glue. With continued healing the Eustachian tube gradually recovers its ventilatory function, and the middle-ear liquid eventually is resorbed, or drains, and becomes replaced by air.
Does Lead at Low Dose Affect Intelligence in Children?
Authors: Needleman Herbert L. , Bellinger David , Leviton Alan 
Published: December 2021

Ernhart et al, on the basis of their own follow-up data and an incorrect critique of a single study, find reason to question the entire literature documenting the adverse effects of low levels of lead. They assert that, if effects exist, they are minimal. To reach this sweeping conclusion, they contradict or ignore the findings of the earlier study by Perino and Ernhart, misread a table from the one study they single out for criticism, and draw debatable conclusions from their own data.
We conclude by calling the readers' attention to this sentence: "While the effects of subclinical lead intoxication may not be noted in the individual cases seen in a pediatric clinic, analysis of group data indicate quite clearly (emphasis added) that performance on an intelligence test is impaired."
49th Annual Meeting, Oct 24-26, 1980
Authors: Gonzales Edmond T. 
Published: December 2021

The Section on Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics met in session in conjunction with the 49th Annual Meeting of the Academy in Detroit. Several areas of interest to the urologist and the pediatrician were discussed, and they included: hypospadias, urodynamic assessment of obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, the management of urinary infection in children, cryptorchidism, and testicular neoplasms. This brief report is an attempt to summarize pertinent aspects of these topics that would be of help and interest to the practicing pediatrician.
HYPOSPADIAS
Until fairly recently, the emphasis in hypospadias surgery was on functional reconstruction, and a subglanular meatus was felt to be satisfactory. However, newer techniques,1-3 improved suture materials and the popularization of optical magnification have recently allowed for more cosmetically normal reconstructions. Of interest during this year's discussion of hypospadias was the observation that all authors stressed the potential and desirability of achieving a cosmetically normal, glanular meatus. In fact, three of the four papers discussed the reconstruction of distal hypospadias—a meatus at the coronal margin with little or no chordee. In the past, parents were advised that surgery was unnecessary for these mild lesions because there was no limitation of function. Wacksman4 described a modification of a meatal-based skin flap for reconstruction of these lesions with a low complication rate—no fistulae and one meatal stenosis in 15 procedures.
One of the limiting factors in encouraging the reconstruction of a mildly hypospadiac, but functionally satisfactory urethral meatus, is the need for several days of indwelling catheterization and the risk of surgical complications—fistulae and strictures.
Correlation Between Blood Ammonia Concentration and Organic Acid Accumulation in lsovaleric and Propionic Acidemia
Authors: Coude F. X. , Ogier H. , Grimber G. , Parvy Ph. , Dinh D. Pham , Charpentier C. , Saudubray J. M. 
Published: December 2021

Hyperammonia has been reported in several disorders of branched chain amino acid metabolism including propionic, isovaleric, methylmalonic acidemia, and β-ketothiolase deficiency.1 Nevertheless the true incidence of hyperammonemia and its variation during the course of these diseases are not yet well known. The purpose of this study was to compare the blood ammonia concentrations and the concomitant serum organic acid accumulation in patients with propionic and isovaleric acidemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seven patients with propionic acidemia have been studied. The diagnosis was usually made during the first episode of the disease by gas chromatography. It was always confirmed by the direct measurement of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase activity in fibroblasts.2
BARTHOLMAEUS METLINGER ON THE CARE OF THE NEWBORN INFANT (1473)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

On December 7, 1473, Günther Zainer of Augsburg printed Bartholomaeus Mettlinger's (?-1491) book entitled Ein Regiment der Jungen Kinder.1 This book has two distinctions: it was the first pediatric text to be printed in the vernacular; and the first of its kind to contain an illustration.
Metlinger drew heavily from the Arabic physicians, indeed some of his chapters are copied almost verbatim from Rhazes. He also leaned heavily on the writings of Hippocrates and Galen in preparing his book.2
His suggestions for the immediate care of the newborn infant were as follows:
After the child is born the midwife shall cover his fingers with rose or other honey, put it in the child's mouth in such a manner that it covers the jaws, gums and tongue so that if there is any to be dissolved it will be dissolved. Then the navel should be cut four fingers long and tied both on the side of the child and that of the mother so that it does not bleed. Then one should sprinkle the child with finely pulverized salt but not the mouth, nostrils or face. It is good to mix the salt with equal parts of powdered rose, wild marjoram and whortleberry flowers. Averroëes and Avicenna are of the opinion that salt bites and that the child should be rubbed with acorn oil. Such salting or anointing cleans and strengthens the external members so that the child may be handled with the least care whether it be cold or hot, severe or mild [weather].
Skull Roentgenograms in Pediatric Head Trauma: A Vanishing Necessity?
Authors: Ferry Peggy C. 
Published: December 2021

"Doctor, my child fell off his bicycle and was knocked out for a few minutes. What should I do?"
"Dr Ferry, this is the pediatric resident in the emergency room. I have just examined an 8-year-old boy who fell off the monkey bars at school and was unconscious for five minutes. He is fine now. Should I order skull roentgenograms? Or a computed tomography (CT) scan? Should he be admitted for observation?"
Pediatric head trauma continues to present a mangement dilemma. The above questions are not uncommon, and with advances in neuroradiologic technology, major questions frequently arise concerning the necessity for skull roentgenograms or, more recently, a CT head scan.
High-Frequency Ventilation: Panacea or Problem?
Authors: DeLemos Robert A. , Null Donald M. , Meredith Keith S. 
Published: December 2021

It is apparently an axion of medicine that "new" must be better. Thus, the introduction of a fascinating innovation in respiratory care, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, has unleashed a storm of interest unparalleled in neonatal medicine. Although the techniques of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation are complex and the complications often unforeseen and hazardous, demands for experimental ventilators have exceeded the manufacturers' capacities to produce them.
As with any new medical procedure, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation must be viewed in an appropriate perspective. Current management of infants with respiratory distress syndrome is extremely successful with many major medical centers reporting survival rates exceeding 90% and a low incidence of residual lung disease.
Transient Erythroblastopenia
Authors: Davis Deborah , Gordon John 
Published: December 2021

We read with interest the article by Dickerman1 on transient erythroblastopenia. On March 18, 1981, a 28-month-old male of Croatian-French Canadian descent was admitted to this hospital with progressive pallor and fatigue of two weeks' duration. His history was otherwise normal with the exception of a hospital admission for croup 2½ months previously. His hemoglobin count at that time had been 12 gm/100 ml.
Physical examination revealed a quiet pale boy with moderate tachypnea. He had shotty cervical adenopathy and a mild flow murmur and tachycardia. Findings from the rest of the examination were normal.
Maple Syrup Smell in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lin Angela E. 
Published: December 2021

The article on maple syrup urine disease (Clow CL, Reade TM, Scriver CR: Outcome of early and long-term management of classical maple syrup urine disease. Pediatrics 68:856, 1981) has prompted me to report our neonatal intensive care unit's experience with an "outbreak" of maple syrup odor.
Baby girl M. was the 1,730-gm product of a 32-week gestation of a 29-year-old white mother. Pregnancy was uncomplicated except for premature labor.
A FEW PROVERBS ABOUT CHILDREN AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The literature of almost every country is replete with proverbs about children and childhood.1 Those listed below are just a few from the literature of the West.
1. Childhood often holds a truth in its feeble fingers, which the grasp of manhood cannot retain, and which it is the pride of utmost age to recover—Ruskin
2. Childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day—Milton
3. Childhood and youth see the world in persons—Emerson
4. Childhood is the sleep of reason—Rousseau
5. Children are very nice observers, and they will often perceive your slightest defects—Fénelon
6. Children have more need of models than of critics—Joubert
7. Children should have their times of being off duty, like soldiers—Ruskin
8. Children sweeten labours, but they make misfortunes more bitter—Bacon
9. How little is the promise of the child fulfilled in the man—Ovid
Management of Asthma—A Correction
Authors: Weinberger Miles 
Published: December 2021

In the paper "Management of Asthma," table 1 presents the theophylline dose for short-term therapy of acute symptoms when serum concentrations will not be monitored.1 The data from which these recommendations were derived have subsequently been published.2 Unfortunately, it is now apparent that there is an error in the data of table 1. Safer dosage recommendations are presented in the Table.
As stated in "Management of Asthma," even these doses may cause minor side effects in some patients, and higher doses may be needed for optimal effect in others but should be guided by measurement of serum theophylline concentration.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis Due to Group B Streptococci
Authors: Cherry James D. , Barrett Cynthia T. 
Published: December 2021

Although group B streptococci are highly susceptible to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents the mortality in early onset disease approaches 50%. Very little is known about the precise pathophysiology of group B streptococcal sepsis and its attendant hematologic, hemodynamic, and immunologic abnormalities. The cause of death in babies is usually shock that is unresponsive to conventional restoration of vascular volume and pharmacologic pressor agents.
The findings reported by Short and colleagues in this issue of Pediatrics1 utilizing the suckling rat model of group B streptococcal sepsis are notable. However, caution is necessary in analyzing the results. A strong plea must be made to discourage haphazard human trials with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prior to additional confirmatory studies in the rat group B streptococcal sepsis model, and the performance of similar experiments in larger animal model systems.