bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do all roads lead to resistance? State road density is the main impediment to gene flow in a flagship species inhabiting a severely fragmented anthropogenic landscape
Authors: Westekemper Katharina , Tiesmeyer Annika , Steyer Katharina , Nowak Carsten , Signer Johannes , Balkenhol Niko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimConnectivity conservation is ideally based on empirical information on how landscape heterogeneity influences species‐specific movement and gene flow. Here, we present the first large‐scale evaluation of landscape impacts on genetic connectivity in the European wildcat (Felis silvestris), a flagship and umbrella species for connectivity conservation across Europe.LocationThe study was carried out in the core area of the distributional range of wildcats in Germany, covering about 186,000 km2of a densely populated and highly fragmented landscape.MethodsWe used data of 975 wildcats genotyped at 14 microsatellites and an individual‐based landscape genetic framework to assess the importance of twelve landscape variables for explaining observed genetic connectivity. For this, we optimized landscape resistance surfaces for all variables and compared their relative impacts using multiple regression on distance matrices and commonality analysis.ResultsGenetic connectivity was best explained by a synergistic combination of six landscape variables and isolation by distance. Of these variables, road density had by far the strongest individual impact followed by synergistic effects of agricultural lands and settlements. Subsequent analyses involving different road types revealed that the strong effect of road density was largely due to state roads, while highways and federal roads had a much smaller, and county roads only a negligible impact.Main conclusionsOur results highlight that landscape‐wide genetic connectivity in wildcats across Germany is strongly shaped by the density of roads and in particular state roads, with higher densities providing larger resistance to successful dispersal. These findings have important implications for conservation planning, as measures to mitigate fragmentation effects of roads (e.g., over‐ or underpasses) often focus on large, federally managed transportation infrastructures. While these major roads exert local barrier effects, other road types can be more influential on overall connectivity, as they are more abundant and more widespread across the landscape.
Environmental variation drives continental‐scale synchrony of European beech reproduction
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Ascoli Davide , Szymkowiak Jakub 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatial synchrony is the tendency of spatially separated populations to display similar temporal fluctuations. Synchrony affects regional ecosystem functioning, but it remains difficult to disentangle its underlying mechanisms. We leveraged regression on distance matrices and geography of synchrony to understand the processes driving synchrony of European beech masting over the European continent. Masting in beech shows distance‐decay, but significant synchrony is maintained at spatial scales of up to 1,500 km. The spatial synchrony of the weather cues that drive interannual variation in reproduction also explains the regional spatial synchrony of masting. Proximity played no apparent role in influencing beech masting synchrony after controlling for synchrony in environmental variation. Synchrony of beech reproduction shows a clear biogeographical pattern, decreasing from the northwest to southeast Europe. Synchrony networks for weather cues resemble networks for beech masting, indicating that the geographical structure of weather synchrony underlies the biogeography of masting synchrony. Our results support the hypothesis that environmental factors, the Moran effect, are key drivers of spatial synchrony in beech seed production at regional scales. The geographical patterns of regional synchronization of masting have implications for regional forest production, gene flow, carbon cycling, disease dynamics, biodiversity, and conservation.
Monitoring vertebrate biodiversity of a protected coastal wetland using eDNA metabarcoding
Authors: Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Delrieu‐Trottin Erwan , DiBattista Joseph D. , Martínez‐Rincon Diego , Morales‐González Sarai , Pontigo Felipe , Ramírez Paula , Silva Andrea , Soto Mauricio , Correa Cristian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMonitoring plans using environmental DNA have the potential to offer a standardized and cost‐efficient method to survey biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. Among these ecosystems, coastal wetlands are key elements that serve as transition zones between marine and freshwater ecosystems and are today the target of many conservation and restoration efforts. In this sense, eDNA monitoring could provide a rapid and efficient tool for studying and generating baseline biodiversity information to guide coastal wetland management programs. Here, we test an eDNA metabarcoding assay as a tool to characterize vertebrate biodiversity in one of the largest coastal wetlands of Chile, the Rio Cruces Wetland, a Ramsar designated site since 1981. We sampled surface water from 49 sites along the entire wetland. Our eDNA approach detected 91genera of vertebrates including amphibians, fishes, mammals, and birds, as well as identified several cryptic, exotic, and endangered species. Our results also indicated that the spatial distribution of eDNA from different species is spatially structured despite the complex hydrodynamics inherent in this wetland due to the influence of daily tidal regimes. For amphibians and fishes, the number of taxa detected with eDNA was higher in the periphery of the wetland, and increased with proximity to the ocean, a pattern consistent with small‐scale spatial sensitivity for some species and eDNA accumulation downstream for others. Birds and mammals showed somewhat more idiosyncratic distributions. Taken together, our results add to the growing body of evidence showing eDNA can serve as a rapid cost‐effective tool to characterize vertebrate communities in protected coastal wetlands, where visual surveys are difficult and animal collections are often prohibited. The use of multiple primer sets is also recommended as it facilitates the detection of ephemeral terrestrial organisms and resident aquatic organisms that make use of these wetlands.
3D Carambola‐Like CuO/TiO2 Nanotube Heterostructures via Low‐Temperature Solution Process for Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ren Shuai , Zhang Jiejing , Lu Huiqing , Gao Shiyong , Li Lin , Rong Ping , Zhang Xiaolei , Liu Yi , Sang Dandan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCuO/TiO2 heterostructures have been synthesized via a facile low‐temperature solution method. The resultant heterostructures present a three‐dimensional hierarchical morphology of carambola‐like CuO integrated with TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), confirmed by means of SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and XPS. And time‐dependent evolutions of morphology show that the CuO grow from the initial leaf‐shaped nanosheets and eventually form carambola‐like structures. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum indicates that the carambola‐like CuO/TiO2 NTs have strong absorption in the UV light region as well as in the visible light region. The study on evaluating photocatalytic activity indicates that the carambola‐like CuO/TiO2 NTs can degrade 40 % of Rhodamine B, exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with TiO2 NTs. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of the carambola‐like CuO/TiO2 NT heterostructures is expounded.
Design of NiFe‐based nanostructures for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Shi Yue , Zhang Dan , Miao Hongfu , Zhan Tianrong , Lai Jianping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe excessive using of fossil energy has caused serious environmental pollution, and the development and utilization of new energy sources have been a continuing research direction of concern. The synergistic effect of Ni and Fe is beneficial to reduce the reaction energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), therefore NiFe based catalyst represents a very promising non‐precious metal OER catalyst. This minireview focuses on the optimization strategies for NiFe based catalysts, summarizes the research progress made in recent years, and discusses the mechanisms involved in these strategies. After composition and structure optimization, the catalytic activity and stability of NiFe based catalysts have been improved, which is beneficial to OER. Finally, the development direction and research prospect of NiFe based catalysts are provided with a reasonable outlook.
Validation of semi‐automated anatomically labeled SEEG contacts in a brain atlas for mapping connectivity in focal epilepsy
Authors: Taylor Kenneth N. , Joshi Anand A. , Hirfanoglu Tugba , Grinenko Olesya , Liu Ping , Wang Xiaofeng , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge A. , Leahy Richard M. , Mosher John C. , Nair Dileep R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveStereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) has been widely used to explore the epileptic network and localize the epileptic zone in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Accurate anatomical labeling of SEEG electrode contacts is critically important for correctly interpreting epileptic activity. We present a method for automatically assigning anatomical labels to SEEG electrode contacts using a 3D‐segmented cortex and coregistered postoperative CT images.MethodStereotactic electroencephalography electrode contacts were spatially localized relative to the brain volume using a standard clinical procedure. Each contact was then assigned an anatomical label by clinical epilepsy fellows. Separately, each contact was automatically labeled by coregistering the subject's MRI to the USCBrain atlas using the BrainSuite software and assigning labels from the atlas based on contact locations. The results of both labeling methods were then compared, and a subsequent vetting of the anatomical labels was performed by expert review.ResultsAnatomical labeling agreement between the two methods for over 17 000 SEEG contacts was 82%. This agreement was consistent in patients with and without previous surgery (P = .852). Expert review of contacts in disagreement between the two methods resulted in agreement with the atlas based over manual labels in 48% of cases, agreement with manual over atlas‐based labels in 36% of cases, and disagreement with both methods in 16% of cases. Labels deemed incorrect by the expert review were then categorized as either in a region directly adjacent to the correct label or as a gross error, revealing a lower likelihood of gross error from the automated method.SignificanceThe method for semi‐automated atlas‐based anatomical labeling we describe here demonstrates potential to assist clinical workflow by reducing both analysis time and the likelihood of gross anatomical error. Additionally, it provides a convenient means of intersubject analysis by standardizing the anatomical labels applied to SEEG contact locations across subjects.
Power‐domain non‐orthogonal multiple access based full‐duplex one‐way wireless relaying network
Authors: Ozduran Volkan , Huda Mahmood Nurul , Chergui Hatim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates power‐domain non‐orthogonal multiple access based wireless information exchange process. The investigation considers a dual‐hop non‐regenerative full‐duplex wireless one‐way relaying networks in the system model, where the source terminal transmits two different types of information and subtracts the interference signal at the destination by using successive interference cancellation technique. The outage probability, error probability, achievable rate, and ergodic rate of the considered system is analytically derived. In addition, optimum power allocation coefficients and relay terminal position are determined using the optimization techniques. Monte‐Carlo simulation results validate the analytical and asymptotic derivations. The derived analytical expressions are found closely in agreement with the system level numerical results.
Dynamics of photosynthetic induction and relaxation within the canopy of rice and two wild relatives
Authors: Acevedo‐Siaca Liana G. , Dionora Jacqueline , Laza Rebecca , Paul Quick William , Long Stephen P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWild rice species are a source of genetic material for improving cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and a means to understand its evolutionary history. Renewed interest in non‐steady‐state photosynthesis in crops has taken place due its potential in improving sustainable productivity. Variation was characterized for photosynthetic induction and relaxation at two leaf canopy levels in three rice species. The wild rice accessions had 16%–40% higher rates of leaf CO2 uptake (A) during photosynthetic induction relative to the O. sativa accession. However, O. sativa had an overall higher photosynthetic capacity when compared to accessions of its wild progenitors. Additionally, O. sativa had a faster stomatal closing response, resulting in higher intrinsic water‐use efficiency during high‐to‐low light transitions. Leaf position in the canopy had a significant effect on non‐steady‐state photosynthesis, but not steady‐state photosynthesis. The results show potential to utilize wild material to refine plant models and improve non‐steady‐state photosynthesis in cultivated rice for increased productivity.
Retrospective confidence judgments: Meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Martín‐Luengo Beatriz , Zinchenko Oksana , Dolgoarshinnaia Aleksandra , Leminen Alina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConfidence in our retrieved memories, that is, retrospective confidence, is a metamemory process we perform daily. There is an abundance of applied research focusing on the metamemory judgments and very diverse studies including a wide range of clinical populations. However, the neural correlates that support its functioning are not well defined impeding the implementation of noninvasive neuromodulatory clinical interventions. To address the neural basis of metamemory judgments, we ran a meta‐analysis, where we used the activation likelihood estimation method on the 19 eligible functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. The main analysis of retrospective confidence revealed concordant bilateral activation in the parahippocampal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and right amygdala. We also run an analysis between the two extreme levels of confidence, namely, high and low. This additional analysis was exploratory, since the minimum amount of articles reporting these two levels was not reached. Activations for the exploratory high > low confidence subtraction analysis were the same as observed in the main analysis on retrospective confidence, whereas the exploratory low > high subtraction showed distinctive activations of the right precuneus. The involvement of the right precuneus emphasizes its role in the evaluation of low confidence memories, as suggested by previous studies. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the specific brain structures involved in confidence evaluations. Better understanding of the neural basis of metamemory might eventually lead to designing more precise neuromodulatory interventions, significantly improving treatment of patients suffering from metamemory problems.
The effects of audits and fines on upcoding in neonatology
Authors: Groß Mona , Jürges Hendrik , Wiesen Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUpcoding is a common type of fraud in healthcare. However, how audit policies need to be designed to cope with upcoding is not well understood. We provide causal evidence on the effect of random audits with different probabilities and financial consequences. Using a controlled laboratory experiment, we mimic the decision situation of obstetrics staff members to report birth weights of neonatal infants. Subjects' payments in the experiment depend on their reported birth weights and follow the German non‐linear diagnosis‐related group remuneration for neonatal care. Our results show that audits with low detection probabilities only reduce fraudulent birth‐weight reporting, when they are coupled with fines for fraudulent reporting. For audit policies with fines, increasing the probability of an audit only effectively enhances honest reporting, when switching from detectable to less gainful undetectable upcoding is not feasible. Implications for audit policies are discussed.
The value of health—Empirical issues when estimating the monetary value of a quality‐adjusted life year based on well‐being data
Authors: Himmler Sebastian , Stöckel Jannis , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner B. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDecisions on interventions or policy alternatives affecting health can be informed by economic evaluations, like cost‐benefit or cost‐utility analyses. In this context, there is a need for valid estimates of the monetary equivalent value of health (gains), which are often expressed in € per quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Obtaining such estimates remains methodologically challenging, with a recent addition to the health economists' toolbox, which is based on well‐being data: The well‐being valuation approach. Using general population panel data from Germany, we put this approach to the test by investigating several empirical and conceptual challenges, such as the appropriate functional specification of income utility, the choice of health utility tariffs, or the health state dependence of consumption utility. Depending on specification, the bulk of estimated € per QALY values ranged from €20,000–60,000, with certain specifications leading to more considerable deviations, underlining persistent practical challenges when applying the well‐being valuation methodology to health and QALYs. Based on our findings, we formulate recommendations for future research and applications.
Intravesical injection of onabotulinumtoxinA in neurogenic overactive bladder patients with human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy: A single‐institution case series
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiro , Nakamura Tatsufumi , Sato Katsuya , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionNeurogenic overactive bladder is a main feature of human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. We successfully performed intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA therapy for refractory neurogenic overactive bladder due to human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.Case presentationWe retrospectively reviewed four neurogenic overactive bladder patients with human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis who underwent bladder wall injections of onabotulinumtoxinA from April to October 2020. All patients were female. Their median age was 66 (range, 63–71) years. They were previously treated with β3‐adrenergic receptor agonists or anticholinergic drugs alone or in combination for ≥12 weeks. However, insufficient results were obtained. After 4 weeks of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA therapy, overactive bladder symptoms improved and maximum cystometric capacity increased in all cases.ConclusionIntravesical onabotulinumtoxinA therapy may be useful for treating refractory overactive bladder due to human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.
Refracture and mortality following hospitalization for severe osteoporotic fractures: The Fractos Study
Authors: Roux Christian , Thomas Thierry , Paccou Julien , Bizouard Geoffray , Crochard Anne , Toth Emese , Lemaitre Magali , Maurel Frédérique , Perrin Laure , Tubach Florence 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSevere osteoporotic fractures (hip, proximal humerus, pelvic, vertebral and multiple rib fractures) carry an increased risk of mortality. This retrospective cohort study in the French national healthcare database aimed to estimate refracture and mortality rates after severe osteoporotic fractures at different sites, and to identify mortality‐related variables. A total of 356,895 patients hospitalized for severe osteoporotic fracture between 2009 and 2014 inclusive were analyzed. The cohort was followed for 2 to 8 years up to the study end or until the patient died. Data were extracted on subsequent hospitalizations, refracture events, treatments, comorbidities of interest and survival. Time to refracture and survival were described using Kaplan‐Meier analysis by site of fracture and overall. Mortality risk factors were identified using a Cox model. Hip fractures accounted for 60.4% of the sample (N = 215,672). In the 12 months following fracture, 58,220 patients (16.7%) received a specific osteoporosis treatment, of whom 21,228 were previously treatment‐naïve. The 12‐month refracture rate was 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2%–6.3%), ranging from 4.0% (95% CI, 3.7%–4.3%) for multiple rib fractures to 7.8% (95% CI, 7.5%–8.1%) for pelvic fractures. Twelve‐month all‐cause mortality was 12.8% (95% CI, 12.7%–12.9%), ranging from 5.0% (95% CI, 4.7%–5.2%) for vertebral fractures to 16.6% (95% CI, 16.4%–16.7%) for hip fractures. Osteoporosis‐related mortality risk factors included fracture site, previous osteoporotic fracture (hazard ratio 1.21; 95% CI, 1.18–1.23), hip refracture (1.74; 95% CI, 1.71–1.77), and no prior osteoporosis treatment (1.24; 95% CI, 1.22–1.26). Comorbid cancer (3.15; 95% CI, 3.09–3.21) and liver disease (2.54; 95% CI, 2.40–2.68) were also strongly associated with mortality. In conclusion, severe osteoporotic fractures, including certain non‐hip nonvertebral fractures, carry a high burden in terms of mortality and refracture risk. However, most patients received no anti‐osteoporotic treatment. The findings emphasize the importance of better management of patients with severe fractures, and of developing effective strategies to reduce fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.