bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Dalam Kehadiran Mengajar Di Kelas Melalui Penerapan Reward dan Punishment Di MTsN 4 Mojokerto
Authors: Tiono Agus 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini termasuk Penelitian Tindakan Madrasah dengan menerapkan pendekatan metode deskriptif kualiatatif. Adapun rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana penerapan reward dan punishment dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran di kelas?. Sedangkan tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan reward dan punishment dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan guru dalam kehadiran mengajar di kelas.
Berdasarkan peraturan kedisiplinan Pegawai Negeri Sipil yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 Tentang Kedisiplinan Pegawai Negeri Sipil sebagai payung hukum sangat penting sebagai upaya mengatur kedisilinan seorang Aparatur Sipil Negara untuk meningkatkan kerja dan kinerjanya. Peningkatan mutu pendidikan di madrasah sangat tergantung dari beberapa faktor. Faktor yang sangat penting antara lain adalah penerapan budaya madrasah ke arah peningkatan mutu. Budaya madrasah merupakan hal yang positif yang harus dipertahankan dan dilaksanakan oleh semua warga madrasah tanpa merasa terpaksa. Budaya madrasah yang harus dipertahankan salah satunya adalah masalah kedisiplinan, termasuk disiplin para guru dalam kehadiran di kelas pada proses belajar mengajar. Untuk meningkatkan disiplin para guru dapat diupayakan melalui bermacam-macam cara.
Dalam Penelitian Tindakan Madrasah (PTM) ini, dilaksanakan dalam tindakan berupa pemberian Reward dan Punishment untuk para guru di MTs Negeri 4 Mojokerto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, karena dari hasil penelitian dan analisa data, ternyata pada siklus kedua, kedisiplinan guru dalam kehadiran di kelas pada proses belajar mengajar meningkat dan memenuhi indikator yang telah ditetapkan sebesar 75,00%. Dari hasil penelitian tindakan madrasah dari jumlah guru sebanyak 36 orang, maka diperoleh hasil tingkat kedisiplinan guru masuk di kelas melaksanakan proses pembelajaran pada siklus 2 diperoleh gambaran bahwa sebanyak 29 orang guru atau (80,56%), yang terlambat masuk kelas kurang dari 5 menit, dan terdapat 5 orang guru atau (13,89%), yang terlambat masuk kelas 5 menit sampai dengan 10 menit, dan 2 orang guru atau (5,55%) yang terlambat masuk kelas lebih dari 10 menit.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan disiplin guru dalam kehadiran di kelas pada kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan Reward and Punishment kepada guru.
Maquiavelo en Venecia. Un agente secreto del papa, la alianza antiimperial y la conspiración “Morone”
Authors: Lettieri Gaetano 
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se aportan pruebas documentales que permiten reconocer a un Maquiavelo que, en calidad de embajador secreto del papa, fue enviado a Venecia para llevar a cabo solo formalmente, siguiendo las órdenes de los Consoli dell´Arte della Lana, una misión, que no sería, por tanto, más que una mera fachada: recuperar una siempre indeterminada cantidad de ducados de oro que tres comerciantes florentinos se habían visto obligados a pagar al ser víctimas de una extorsión. La verdadera misión de Maquiavelo, en realidad, consistía en ponerse en contacto directo y personal con el dogo Gritti, con el objetivo de terminar de definir las condiciones relativas a la creación de una Liga militar anti-imperial y, por otra parte, observar en el mismo terreno como iba evolucionando la conspiración de Ávalos, orquestada, precisamente, por el mismo papa y Giberti, y organizada por Morone y Domenico Sauli. Siguiendo, por tanto, los documentos aquí presentados es posible interpretar de un modo absolutamente diferente la carta de Filippo de´Nerli en la que se menciona, hecho por todos conocido y que despertara más de una suspicacia, que Maquiavelo había ganado la lotería en Venecia; lotería que, casualmente, era gestionada por Giovanni Manenti, quien sería el mismo inminente productor de la segunda representación de la Mandragola en la Serenissima, además de actuar de intermediario secreto entre Maquiavelo y el propio dogo.

[1] Traducción castellana, realizada por Mar Barbuto Fraga y controlada por el autor, del texto publicado originalmente como: Gaetano Lettieri, “Machiavelli in gioco. Un agente segreto papale a Venezia (1525)”, Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni, 84 (2), (2018), pp. 688-729.
Governments’ Measures to Govern the Coronavirus Crisis and the Lessons Learned
Authors: Sulaiman Saqer 
Published: September 2021

Since its appearance in late 2019 in China, the Coronavirus pandemic has posed a real challenge to humanity and governments. No country was safe from the effects of the virus, whether from a medical, economic, or social point of view. In the absence of international coordination, countries began to rely on their own capabilities to curb the pandemic and mitigate its negative effects. To achieve these goals, different strategies and measures have been adopted. Despite the challenges governments faced, these measures definitely helped alleviate the severity of the epidemic and slowed its spread. These measures include, but are not limited to, lockdown, border restrictions, home quarantine, the imposition of wearing masks and social distancing. This crisis stresses the importance of a country’s financial, technical and human capabilities in governing crises. Moreover, it revealed that the absence of international cooperation in managing international crises has dire consequences for the international community.
Abolition of Tax on Acquisition of Immovable Property: A Tool to Suppress the Negative Consequences of Covid-19 or a Politicum?
Authors: Radvan Michal , Papavasilevská Sandra 
Published: September 2021

The tax on acquisition of immovable property was abolished on September 26, 2020 in the Czech Republic. One of the reasons mentioned in the explanatory report to the Act was the statement that the abolition deals with the effects of this virus on society. The main aim of the article is to answer the question of whether the abolition of the tax on acquisition of immovable property is a tool to suppress the negative consequences of Covid-19 or a politicum. To get the answer, it is necessary to shortly describe the tax on acquisition of immovable property and its structural components and make a basic comparison with the other EU Member States. We also summarise the pros and cons of the tax and related findings of the Constitutional Court. As the property transfer tax is connected with the income tax and there were several amendments in the proposal, it is needed to analyse these changes. Based on the research, it is possible to conclude that the abolition of the tax on acquisition of immovable property is definitely not a tool to suppress the negative consequences of Covid-19; it is just a politicum: political parties believe that the abolition of the transfer tax brings them more voices in the elections.
Abraham Cahan’sThe Rise of David LevinskyinMcClure’s Magazine: Race, Capitalism, and Jewish American Identity
Authors: Barron Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy situating The Rise of David Levinsky in its original 1913 magazine context, I recognize the ways in which Abraham Cahan set out to undermine the theories of race—and attendant ideas about Jewish identity—with which McClure’s and other American periodicals were obsessed. I argue that the novel appears to accept the premise that races exist while it also undermines a belief in racial inequality. In short, I argue that Cahan likely used race, and McClure’s propensity for “exotic” characters as a kind of Trojan horse in order to deny the prevailing view that, in the United States, only one race, the Anglo-Saxon, can lay claim to the achievements of civilization. Cahan’s Yiddish-speaking world of Russian Jewish characters became a convenient and critical foil for capitalism itself.
ARCO DE MAGUEREZ E EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE SOBRE DEPRESSÃO EM ESCOLARES: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Cruz Johnatan Weslley Araujo , Santos Franciely Oliveira de Andrade , Sales Vinícius Barbosa dos Santos , Santana Luanna Nascimento , Martins Sthefany Santos , Matos Heloísa Suzane de Sá , Costa Marcela Ralin de Carvalho Déda 
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A depressão, estimada em cerca de 30 milhões de casos no mundo, pode estar atrelada a problemas familiares, a baixos níveis escolar e socioeconômico e está associada ao aumento do risco de mortalidade precoce por suicídio. A educação em saúde é uma importante ferramenta de promoção de saúde, definida como um conjunto de práticas que contribui para aumentar a autonomia das pessoas no seu cuidado. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de acadêmicos sobre implementação de práticas de educação em saúde sobre depressão em estudantes de uma escola pública do interior de Sergipe. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência dos acadêmicos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Campus Lagarto, onde foi realizada uma intervenção em uma escola de ensino fundamental público. O Arco é dividido em cinco fases, sendo a observação da realidade, discussão dos pontos chave, teorização, elaboração das hipóteses de solução e aplicação à realidade. Resultados e Impactos: As dinâmicas de apresentação, do papel amassado, da angústia e conforto e roda de conversa foram bem aceitas pelos escolares, visto que todos participaram efetivamente de todo o processo de ensino aprendizagem. O professor foi peça fundamental para realização das intervenções, visto que a faixa etária dos estudantes foi de 11 a 13 anos, os quais eram bastante inquietos. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que atividades de educação em saúde relacionadas à saúde mental elaboradas pelo Arco de Maguerez, são ferramentas de baixo custo, dão resultados satisfatórios e podem ser implementadas por qualquer profissional de saúde em intervenções de promoção de saúde.
Eponymic Place Names in Zambia: A Critical Toponymies Perspective
Authors: Chilala Cheela , Hang’ombe Khama 
Published: September 2021

This study examines eponymic place names in Zambia, specifically focusing
on names of international airports and national stadia. Names of these
features have been selected for study because in 2011, they had been
subjected to changes. The study brings out the doubled nature of this name
change by the Patriotic Front regime: to commemorate Zambia’s heroes
and to entrench their political stamina. To successfully bring out the double
edged nature of place name change by the Patriotic Front regime, the
study engages Critical Toponymies Theory, a theory which considers place
names as social artefacts which are caught up in a web of social conflict,
implicating them as key players in (re)producing unequal socio-political
power balance, an aspect which can be viewed as a social problem. The
study argues that names of key national places or features in Zambia,
banal and mundane as they may appear, are implicated in formulating and
perpetuating social classes and power imbalance in the country because
they are agents that promote the ideologies, aspirations and worldview of
the ruling elites.
Our Elders Never Lie: The Metaphor Power Base of Proverbs among the Tonga Speaking People of Zambia And Zimbabwe
Authors: Siakavuba John Bwana 
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to explore ways through and extent to which the use
of proverbs inspires confidence in the youth towards their elders in the
African society in general and the Valley Tonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe
in particular. The Achebean saying that ‘proverbs are the palm oil with
which words are eaten,’ does not only point to the fact that proverbs make
ordinary speech aesthetically pleasant to the ear but also that the wisdom
contained therein is culturally/socially accepted. The effective and efficient
deployment of proverbs in this regard earns the user respect from targets
of his address. The article analyses various ways in which proverbs are
incorporated in everyday speech and how these in turn, enhance chances
of delivering the intended message successfully among the Valley Tonga
communicators. In most cases, when a Tonga speaker wishes to delegate
presentation of a complex matter to the proverb, they attribute the wisdom
to the Tonga society of yester years. This tendency, the article concludes,
removes personalities from the proverb while promoting objective analysis
of the situation by those addressed. The article examines selected proverbs
in terms of structure, pattern of usage, types of images/metaphors used
and their expected impact. The article applies a triangulation theoretical
framework of Appraisal, Ethnopoetics and Afrocentricity theories to
delineate the communicative intent of the proverber. Together, the theories
look at social functions of the language rendered by performers of the oral
arts.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Demokratis Dengan Perkembangan Bahasa Pada Anak Prasekolah Di TK Negeri Tabanan Di Kerambitan
Authors: Sukmandari Ni Made Ari 
Published: September 2021

During preschool children experience the development of language skills very quickly which becomes the foundation for subsequent development. Language development is influenced by various factors including the parenting democratic parent. This study aimed at determine democratic parenting to the language development of preschool children in Tabanan Kindergarten Kerambitan.

This study was a descriptive correlational research with cross sectional approach. Democratic parenting was measured using the parenting questionnaire and language development with the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Respondents analyzed were kindergarten students in Tabanan Kerambitan taken with total sampling techniques. The results obtained that parenting was quite democratic as many as 32 people (64%) and language development was mostly included in the normal category (96.0%)
The results of the correlation test with the Spearman Rho test showed p = 0.018 and r = 0.332. This meant that there was a significant correlation between parenting with language development and had a fairly strong positive correlation.
It is recommended to increase understanding of democratic parenting and language development in children, make innovative efforts in applying democratic parenting according to child development, environmental influences and technological development
BEGOMOVIRUSES AND BETASATELLITES ASSOCIATED WITH CLCuD
Authors: Yaqoob S , Fatima N , Khan S , Ali Q , Hafeez MM , Malik A 
Published: September 2021

Begomoviruses are one of the major types of plant viruses. They are transmitted by whitefly and cause many diseases. The CLCuD is the most damaging disease of cotton. It is the vector of begomoviruses, namely as monpartite or bipartite begomoviruses. Bipartite begomoviruses are consisted of A and B DNA molecuales. Monopatite consist of single genome. It is mainly linked with alphasatellites and betasatellites. Alphasatellites can replicate by using replication protein and not called as true satellites. Betasatellites are called as true satellites as they are linked with alphasatellites. Mainly cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease. Begomoviruses are different from other plant viruses as the basis of RNA genomes. DNA beta satellite is involves in suppressing the expressions of genes in plants. It has a major role in preventing RNA silencing by encoding proteins that binds with DNA and target the nucleus of cell. Affected plants show various symptoms such as leaf curling, enations etc. that cause loss in cotton field by preventing the growth. With the help of PCR, 1.4 kb fragments of DNA have been amplified from DNA template. For cloning the whole begomoviruses genome, a simple method of cloning has been widely used. Cloning is usually done by using the bacteriophage DNA polymerase. The betasatellites have shown association with CLCuD.
UTERINE ARTERY DOPPLER INDICES AS PREDICTIVE MEASURES FOR THE PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION
Authors: Rashid MN , Kari M , Rashid R , Rana MA , Amjad A , Hafeez MM 
Published: September 2021

Preeclampsia and Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains as the important causes for the neonatal and maternal complications leading to even death in some cases. Uterine artery Doppler USG can be done transvaginally or trans abdominal and performed in the 1st or 2nd trimester of the pregnancy to detect these complications Doppler waveform suggested the high vascular resistance to blood flow. In our present study, we conclude uterine artery Doppler indices as prognostic procedure for the preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. A cross-sectional survey design with convenient sampling technique was used. Mixture of standardized and self-modified structured questionnaire was undertaken to determine the indices of pre eclampsia and IUGR by uterine artery. The data was collected from Bahria International Hospital, Lahore during the period of 9 months. This study was included 162 pregnant females with identification of the main uterine artery on a longitudinal scan lateral to the uterus. Initial diastolic notch of right and left side of the uterine artery waveforms was recorded. At every antenatal checkup, urine was tested for protein and blood pressure readings were taken to identify preeclampsia. Further analysis was done dividing patients as normotensive and those patients developing hypertension after 30 weeks of gestation. After delivery neonates observed for IUGR by head circumference and body weight. The study was concluded that from the total sample size of 162 pregnant females who undergoes uterine artery Doppler, 34% females shows diastolic notch and almost all of these later diagnosed with preeclampsia and 19.8% deliver babies with IUGR. So, based on the study, we have concluded that uterine artery Doppler is helpful to provide diagnosis of preeclampsia and IUGR in early pregnancy.
AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) USING DMO GENE FOR ENHANCED TOLERANCE AGAINST DICAMBA PESTICIDE
Authors: Javied MA , Ashfaq N , Haider MA , Fatima F , Ali Q , Ali A , Malik A 
Published: September 2021

The agrobacterium based transformation of herbicide-resistant crops has modernized weed management in crops by producing cost-effective and ecosystem friendly transgenic plants. Cotton is one of the major crops which are grown worldwide due to its great economic value in textile industries. Dicamba is a commonly used herbicide in broadleaf plants to kill a wide range of weeds in many dicotyledonous crop fields since the 20th century. In this study, Eagle 2 cotton variety was transformed with the DMO gene which is responsible for the synthesis of the Dicamba monooxygenase enzyme that exhibits tolerance against the Dicamba herbicide. This entire study was conducted at Four Brothers Genetics Lab, Lahore. Transformed cultures of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens with the DMO gene were acquired. Cotton embryos were isolated and co-cultivated with transformed Agrobacterium cultures under sterile conditions. Transformed embryos were grown on an artificial growth medium and acclimatized under favorable conditions. Healthy and stable plants were shifted infield where they were grown into a mature plant. Leaf samples of these plants were collected and DNA was successfully isolated by the CTAB method. Transformed plants were confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis. Variations in different traits among transformed cotton plants were found which indicated that the transgenic plant 4 showed higher plant height, monopodial and sympodial branches, leaf length, leaf width, number of bolls, and bolls weight. The better performance of plant 4 indicated that the yield potential of the transgenic plant was improved as compared with other transgenic cotton plants.
LANTANA CAMARA: A POTENT INFLUENTIAL FACTOR IN IMPROVING THE GASTRIC MUCOSA OF WISTAR RATS RAVAGED BY ULCER
Authors: EDEM GABRIEL D. , OKON KINGSLEY A. , ESSIEN SARAH I. , BASSEY ENO-OBONG I. 
Published: September 2021

Over the years, traditional medicine has been used to treat various degrees and forms of ailment with significant positive therapeutic outcomes. We designed this research to ascertain the use of Lantana camara as a potent factor in improving gastric ulcer caused by the administration of aspirin in Wistar rats. 250mg/kg of the extract was used to evaluate the anti-ulcer capacity of the plant extract. The omeprazole was used as a standard drug (20mg/kg). It was found that the Gastric mucosa was significantly improved after the administration of 250mg/kg of the extract after aspirin-induced ulcer. The present study justifies the traditional usage of this plant to treat the gastric ulcer.
ROLE OF CRISPR TO IMPROVE ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN CROP PLANTS
Authors: Farooq MU , Bashir MF , Khan MUS , Iqbal B , Ali Q 
Published: September 2021

The study for genetic variation in plant genomes for a variety of crops, as well as developments of genome editing techniques, have made it possible to cultivate for about any desired trait. Zinc finger enzymes; have made strides in genome-editing. Molecular biologists can now more specifically target every gene using transcription activator-like effector nucleases and ZFNs. These methods, on the other hand, are expensive and time-consuming because they involve complex procedures. Referring to various genome editing techniques, CRISPR/Cas9 genetic modification is simple to construct and clone and the Cas9 could be used with different guide RNAs controlling different genes. Following solid evidence demonstrations using the main CRISPR-Cas9 unit in field crops, multiple updated Cas9 cassettes are often used in plant species to improve target precision and reduce off target cleavage. Nmcas9, Sacas9, as well as Stcas9 are a few examples. Furthermore, Cas9 enzymes are readily available from a variety of sources. Bacteria that had never been discovered before has found solutions available to improve specificity and efficacy of gene editing techniques. The choices are summarized in this analysis to plant's experiment to develop crops using CRISPR/Cas9 technology; the tolerance of biotic & abiotic stress may be improved. These strategies will lead to the growth of non-genetically engineered crops with the target phenotype, which will further improve yield capacity under biotic & abiotic stress environments.