bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced by Chromium (III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa
Authors: Özgür Mustafa Erkan , Ulu Ahmet , Gürses Canbolat , Özcan İmren , Noma Samir Abbas Ali , Köytepe Süleyman , Ateş Burhan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of Chromium (III) oxide micro particles (Cr2O3-Ps) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr2O3-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using EDX spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr2O3-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of structurally defined Cr2O3-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in spermatozoa after exposure in vitro. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr2O3-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) did not affect in this period. DNA damages was also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr2O3-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types related to DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 µg/L and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr2O3-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr2O3-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments.
Behaviour-based Pricing in the Green Product Supply Chain
Authors: Liu Kanying , Li Wei , Cao Erbao , Lan Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the pricing strategies of supply chains of green products under behaviour-based pricing. Considering consumer preferences for green product functional attributes and environmental attributes, we construct a two-stage supply chain. The optimal behaviour pricing of green products is solved, and the effects of green sensitivity and the cost coefficient on the optimal price are analysed. We find that when consumers are less sensitive to the greenness, with the increase in the market share of green products, green product retailers will increase the loyalty price. An increase in greenness sensitivity and a decrease in the greenness cost coefficient will increase the wholesale prices and retail prices of green products. Consumer attention to the greenness and a decrease in the initial market share of green products will be conducive to promoting the greenness and improving the environment. Consumers' emphasis on the greenness of their products will lead to higher profits for the manufacturers and retailers of green products.
Design of SNP Markers for Aldabra Giant Tortoises using ddRAD-seq
Authors: Çilingir F. Gözde , Hansen Dennis , Ozgul Arpat , Grossen Christine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Aldabra giant tortoise ( Aldabrachelys gigantea ) is one of only two remaining giant tortoise species worldwide. Captive-bred A. gigantea are being used in rewilding projects in the Western Indian Ocean to functionally replace the extinct endemic giant tortoise species and restore degraded island ecosystems. Furthermore, large-scale translocations may become necessary as rising sea levels threaten the only wild population on the low-lying Aldabra Atoll. Critical management decisions would be greatly facilitated by insights on the genetic structure of breeding populations. We used a double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) approach to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among the wild population and two additional captive populations of A. gigantea . A total of 149 unlinked, putatively neutral genome-wide SNPs were identified. The values of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.32 to 0.5, whereas the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.20 to 0.5. These novel SNP markers will serve as useful tools for informing the conservation of A. gigantea .
Current Status of Newborn Screening for Pompe Disease in Japan
Authors: Sawada Takaaki , Kido Jun , Sugawara Keishin , Momosaki Ken , Yoshida Shinichiro , Kojima-Ishii Kanako , Inoue Takahito , Matsumoto Shirou , Endo Fumio , Ohga Shouichi , Hirose Shinichi , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the acid α-glucosidase (AαGlu). Pompe disease manifests as an accumulation of lysosomal glycogen in the skeletal and heart muscle. We conducted newborn screening (NBS) for Pompe disease in Japan from April 2013 to October 2020 to determine the feasibility and utility of NBS for Pompe disease.Results: From the 296,759 newborns whose enzyme activity was measured, 107 of which underwent GAA analysis, we found one patient with infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) and seven with potential late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). We identified 34 pseudodeficient individuals and 65 carriers or potential carriers. The frequency of patients with IOPD was similar to that in the United States, but significantly lower than that in Taiwan. One patient with IOPD underwent early enzyme replacement therapy within a month after birth before presenting exacerbated manifestations, whereas those with potential LOPD showed no manifestations during the follow-up period of six years.Conclusions: The frequency of IOPD in Japan was similar to that in the United States, where NBS for Pompe disease is recommended. This indicates that NBS for Pompe disease may also be useful in Japan. Therefore, it should be used over a wider region in Japan.
Efficacy and Safety of Two Salts of Trientine in the Treatment of Wilson Disease
Authors: Woimant France , Debray Dominique , Morvan Erwan , Obadia Mickael Alexandre , Poujois Aurélia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWilson disease (WD) is one of the few genetic disorders that can be successfully treated with pharmacological agents. Copper-chelating agents (D-penicillamine and Trientine salts) and zinc salts have been demonstrated to be effective. There are two salts of trientine. Trientine dihydrochloride salt (TETA 2HCL) is unstable at room temperature and requires storage at 2-8°C. Trientine tetrahydrochloride (TETA 4HCL) is a more stable salt of trientine that can be stored at room temperature. No comparative study between both salts of trientine has been performed to date. As the two chemical forms were available in France between 1970 and 2009, we conducted a study to evaluate their efficacy and safety profiles. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing data from the national WD registry in France. Forty-three WD patients who received TETA 2HCL or TETA 4HCL monotherapy for at least one year until 2010 were included. Primary endpoints were hepatic and neurological outcomes. Secondary endpoints were the events leading to a discontinuation of medication. Results: Changes in medication were common, leading to the analysis of 57 treatment sequences of TETA 4HCL or TETA 2HCL. The mean duration of treatment sequence was significantly longer in the TETA 4 HCL group (12.6 years) than in the TETA 2HCL group (7.6 years) (p=0.011). No difference in efficacy was detected. Both treatments were well tolerated except for a case of recurrence of lupus erythematosus-like syndrome in the TETA 2HCL group. The major reason for interruption of TETA 4HCL was due to a discontinuation in production of this salt. The reasons for stopping TETA 2HCL were mainly due to adherence issues largely attributed to the cold storage requirement. ConclusionsThe two salts of trientine were effective in treating patients with WD. However, interruption of TETA 2HCL was frequent, linked to the cold storage requirement. As adherence to treatment is a key factor in the successful management of WD, physicians need to be even more vigilant in detecting adherence difficulties in patients receiving treatment with TETA 2HCL.
Evaluation of the Ultrastructure and Expression of Desmoglein 2 in Breast Cancer: A Novel Biomarker
Authors: Mohammadhosseini Maryam , Mirzaei Hamidreza , Majd Ahmad , Farhadi Mona , Shayanfar Nasrin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among Iranian women. In recent years, the study of dysfunction in the expression of cell-cell junction genes and the related proteins in the malignant process has been at the center of attention. MethodsIn this study, 50 patients were selected who had both cancerous tissue and adjacent healthy tissue. The expression of the desmoglein 2 gene was evaluated. Healthy and cancerous tissue were compared using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. The total protein was also compared between these two groups. The ultrastructural examination was performed.ResultsThe real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed a decrease in the expression of the desmoglein 2 gene in all tumor samples compared to the healthy samples (p-value <0.0001). Besides, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was equal to 0.98. Transmission electron microscopy microscopic studies revealed a change in the status of desmosomal junctions. These findings were consistent with the qualitative decrease in the protein expression between the two target groups.ConclusionOverall, the findings showed that the association between desmoglein 2 gene expression and alterations in cellular connections leads to impaired cellular connections, which is an important risk factor for breast cancer. This result proposed the understudy gene as a new biomarker in the development of breast cancer.
Lysyl Oxidase Down-Regulates The Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Inhibiting HIF-1α/Wnt/β-Catenin Axis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Deng Yan , Luo Honghong , Deng Yixuan , Yang Yuanyuan , Yao Xintong , Zhang Jie , Su Yuxi , He Baicheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of excellent osteogenic factors, but it can also initiate adipogenesis concomitantly. Thus, the osteogenic potential of BMP9 may be enhanced if the adipogenesis were reduced. It was reported that lysyl oxidase (Lox) may function as a critical switcher for adipogenesis. Up to date, the role of Lox in BMP9-induced osteoblastic differentiation remains unknown.Methods: The effect and possible mechanism of Lox on the osteogenic function of BMP9 were evaluated with RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescent and histochemical staining. The same results were also confirmed with the in vivo BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation model.Results: The mRNA and protein of Lox are both detectable in progenitor cells, and it was increased by BMP9 in 3T3-L1 cells. BMP9-induced Runx2, OPN and mineralization were all enhanced by inhibiting or silencing Lox, but reduced by exogenous Lox. BMP9 increased the mRNA level of c-Myc, which was enhanced by inhibiting Lox, so did the protein level of β-catenin. Effects of Lox specific inhibitor on BMP9-induced Runx2, OPN and mineralization were reduced obviously by silencing β-catenin. HIF-1α was up-regulated by BMP9, which was enhanced by inhibiting or silencing Lox, but decreased by Lox over-expression. The effects of Lox specific inhibitor on increasing BMP9-induced osteogenic markers were reduced greatly by silencing HIF-1α. On the contrary, the inhibitory effect of Lox on BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers was almost abolished by HIF-1α over-expression. BMP9-induced bone formation was increased by silencing Lox or over-expressing HIF-1α. The effect of silencing Lox on potentiating BMP9-induced bone formation was attenuated by silencing HIF-1α. Lox specific inhibitor increased the level of β-catenin and decreased that of SOST, but these effects were almost reversed by silencing HIF-1α.Conclusions: Lox may reducing the osteoblastic-induction function of BMP9 through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signal via down-regulation of HIF-1α partly.
C-Protein α-Antigen Modulates the Lantibiotic Thusin Resistance in Streptococcus Agalactiae
Authors: Mirkovic Nemanja , Obradovic Mina , O’Connor Paula M. , Filipic Brankica , Jovcic Branko , Cotter Paul D. , Kojic Milan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Screening for producers of potent antimicrobial peptides, resulted in the isolation of Bacillus cereus BGNM1 with strong antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Genome sequence analysis revealed that BGNM1 contains the gene cluster associated with the production of the lantibiotic, thusin, previously identified in B. thuringiensis. Purification of the antimicrobial activity confirmed that strain BGMN1 produces thusin. Both thusin sensitive and resistant strains were detected among clinical isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae. Random mutagenesis of a thusin sensitive strain, S. agalactiae B782, was performed in an attempt to identify the receptor protein for thusin. Three independent thusin resistant mutants were selected and their complete genomes sequenced. Comparative sequence analysis of these mutants with the WT strain revealed that duplication of a region encoding a 79 amino acids repeat in a C-protein a-antigen was a common difference, suggesting it to be responsible for increased resistance to thusin. Since induced thusin resistant mutants showed higher level of resistance than the naturally resistant B761 strain, complete genome sequencing of strain B761 was performed to check the integrity of the C-protein a-antigen-encoding gene. This analysis revealed that this gene is deleted in B761, providing further evidence that this protein promotes interaction of the thusin with receptor.
The Association of Estrogen Receptor Activity, Interferon Signaling, and MHC Class I Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Song In Hye , Kim Young-Ae , Heo Sun-Hee , Bang Won Seon , Park Hye Seon , Choi Yeon ho , Lee Heejae , Seo Jeong-Han , Cho Youngjin , Jung Sung Wook , Kim Hee Jeong , Ahn Sei Hyun , Lee Hee Jin , Gong Gyungyub 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) has previously been reported to be negatively associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Furthermore, the expression of MHC I, the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the expression of interferon (IFN) mediator MxA are positively associated with one another in human breast cancers. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of association of MHC I with estrogen and IFN signaling. Methods: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC protein expression was analyzed in breast cancer cell lines. The expressions of HLA-A and MxA mRNAs were analyzed in MCF-7 cells in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. ER and HLA-ABC expressions and TIL levels in tumor tissue were also analyzed in ER+/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- breast cancer patients who randomly received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or estrogen modulator treatment following surgical resection. Results: HLA-ABC protein expression was decreased after β-estradiol treatment or hESR-GFP transfection and increased after fulvestrant or IFN-γ treatment in breast cancer cell lines. In GEO data, HLA-A and MxA expression was increased after ESR1 shRNA transfection. When comparing the two patient groups, ER Allred score was significantly lower and the HLA-ABC expression and TIL levels were significantly higher in the estrogen modulator treated group than the chemotherapy treated group. Conclusion: MHC I expression and TIL levels might be affected by ER pathway modulation and IFN treatment. Further studies elucidating the mechanism of MHC I regulation could suggest a way to boost TIL influx in cancer in a clinical setting.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shujun Wang , Huijie Zhang , Xia Bai , Hongjian Wang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare and devastating complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Early diagnose and prompt treatment could improve prognosis.AIM: The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical data and risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease with diagnosis of CVST. METHODS: All data of IBD patients were collected from July 2013 and September 2020. Clinical data, risk factors and prognosis were compared between CVST in IBD patients and IBD control group. RESULTS: The incidence of CVST in our study was 0.48%. The mean age of IBD patients with CVST was 34.9 years. Average disease duration of IBD was 4 years when cerebrovascular events occur. Clinical presentation of CVST included headache (73.1%), vomiting (30.8%), limb dysmetria (26.9%), speech impairment (11.5%), blurred vision (7.7%), Epileptic seizures (7.7%) and drowsiness (3.8%). The most common location for CVST was transverse sinus (61.5%), followed by superior sagittal sinus (30.8%). Anemia, low albumin and elevated D-dimer were independent predictors of CVST in IBD patients. Anticoagulation therapy was effective. Prognosis of IBD patients with CVST was worse than those without CVST.CONCLUSION: Early identification the risk of and clinical features of CVST in IBD patients is important. Prompt antithrombotic therapy is safe and effective treatment.
The impact of face masks on interpersonal trust in times of COVID-19
Authors: Malik Samreen , Mihm Benedikt , Reichelt Malte 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite the widespread use of face masks to combat COVID-19, little is known about their social and behavioral consequences. To understand the impact of face masks on interpersonal trust, we designed a novel experiment to assess the causal impact of face mask use on whether individuals follow economically relevant advice from a stranger. From a survey of more than 2,000 US citizens conducted during July and August 2020, we find that almost 5 percent fewer individuals trust advice when it is given by someone wearing a mask than when it is given by someone not wearing a mask. While, surprisingly, health-related risks do not seem to alter the way masks affect trust, the effects of masks are particularly large among individuals whose households face economic risks due to COVID-19 and those with below-average normative beliefs about mask wearing. Our results highlight the non-health-related meaning that face masks have developed during COVID-19 and suggest that mask use undermines trust in others among a substantial share of the US population.
Urban Nocturnal Cooling Mediated by Bluespace
Authors: Cui Yuanfeng , Hu Leiqiu , Wang Zhihua , Li Qi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The spatiotemporal characteristics of air temperature and humidity mediated by urban bluespace are investigated using a combination of dense network of climatological observations in a medium-sized US city, computational fluid dynamics and analytical modeling approaches. Both numerical simulation and observational results show that the rate of change of hourly averaged air temperature and humidity at 3.5 m over urban areas peaks two hours after sunset, while it decreases with time monotonically over greenspace, indicating different impacts due to presence of urban lakes. The apparent temperature decreases with distance to lakes in urban area due to higher near-shore humidity. This highlights that urban lakes located near city center can deteriorate the nighttime cooling effects due to elevated humidity. Finally, two analytical models are presented to explain the connection between the surface and air temperature as well as the spatial variation of air temperature and humidity adjacent to the urban lakes. These simplified models with parameters being inferred from the network of measurements have reasonably good performance compared to the observations. Compared to other sophisticated numerical simulations, these analytical models offer an alternative means that is easily accessible for evaluating the efficacy of bluespace on urban nocturnal cooling.
Intracerebral Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Increase in Surgically Evacuated Intracerebral Hemorrhage - an Observational Microdialysis Study
Authors: Tobieson Lovisa , Gard Anna , Ruscher Karsten , Marklund Niklas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Treatment options for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are limited. A possible inflammatory response in the brain tissue surrounding an ICH may exacerbate the initial injury and could be a target for treatment. Methods: In this observational study, ten patients needing surgical evacuation of supratentorial ICH received two cerebral microdialysis (MD) catheters; one in the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ), and one in non-eloquent cortex (SNX) remote from the ICH. The microdialysate was analysed for energy metabolites (including lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) and glucose) and for inflammatory mediators using a multiplex immunoassay of 27 cytokines and chemokines at 6-10 hours, 20-26 hours and 44-50 hours after surgery. Results: Deranged energy metabolic markers suggestive of a metabolic crisis were found in PHZ compared to SNX, persistent throughout the 50 hours. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13, IL-4, and VEGF-A were significantly higher in PHZ compared to SNX, most prominent at 20-26 hours following ICH evacuation.Conclusions: Higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the perihemorrhagic brain tissue suggests a role for inflammatory mediators involved in secondary injury cascades potentially exacerbating tissue injury, which may constitute a target for future medical interventions.
Effect of Lopinavir/ritonavir Treatment on COVID-2019 Transmissibility: a Possible Option to Reduce Isolation Time
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Chung Jae Keun , Kim Choon-Mee , Bang Mi-Seon , Tariq Misbah , Lee You Mi , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na Ra , Seo Jinjong , Kim Yuri , Kim Min Ji , Cho Nam-Hyuk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a shortage of hospital wards to accommodate the increasing number of patients, especially in intensive care units. Healthcare systems are collapsing in many countries. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce isolation time.Methods: We examined the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir administration in patients with SARS-CoV-2. To assess the viral load, duration and clearance of viable virus; cell culture and RT-PCR were performed in parallel. Results: No viable SARS-CoV-2 could be detected after administration of lopinavir/ritonavir with median time of viable viral clearance being one day after administration. The mean viral load in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples of lopinavir/ritonavir administered group was significantly lower than the group who were not treated with any antiviral agent. The duration of viable viral shedding was shorter in patients with lopinavir/ritonavir treatment compared with those without treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that lopinavir/ritonavir treatment offers a possible method to reduce isolation time of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2.