bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of a computer-aided alignment algorithm for the nonsymmetric off-axis reflective telescope
Authors: He Xu , Luo Jing , Wang Jinxin , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Yichen 
Published: February 2021

Due to complications of the off-axis three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) telescope, each optical element in the off-axis TMA telescope is introduced with theoretical eccentricity and tilt. Moreover, the introduction of freeform surfaces and other optical elements with complex surface features generally causes the initial alignment accuracy of the optical path to be low. A large initial alignment error amplifies the sensitivity of the misalignment calculation accuracy to the measurement error of the Zernike coefficient, resulting in difficulty obtaining convergence results for a computer-aided alignment algorithm. Considering the above issues, the alignment sensitivity of each component in the optical path is analyzed in this. The large conditional number of the sensitivity matrix results in poor algorithm robustness. Thus, an adaptive damping factor least-squares algorithm model is proposed and derived to improve the efficiency of the classical least-squares algorithm. A method for piecewise optimization of the damping factor is also deduced. Experiments based on a 0.6 m off-axis TMA telescope verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Simulation and integration experiments show that the proposed method can reduce the accuracy requirements of the initial alignment and improve the adaptability of Zernike coefficient measurement noise. The alignment procedure is carried out for three iterations, and the average of the five field-of-view wave aberration values is enhanced from

2.1

λ

(RMS;

λ
=

632.8

n
m

) to

0.09

λ

(average). The improved algorithm can solve the large initial alignment error of a nonsymmetrical off-axis reflective optical system with a freeform surface as well as the problem of the low success rate of the misalignment value due to low Zernike coefficient measurement accuracy.
Non-adherence to self-care and associated factors among diabetes adult population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Abate Teshager Weldegiorgis , Dessie Getenet , Workineh Yinager , Gedamu Haileyesus , Birhanu Minyichil , Ayalew Emiru , Tirfie Mulat , Endalamaw Aklilu 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSelf-care practice among people with diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. So far, in Ethiopia, several observational studies have been done on self-care practice and its determinants in people with diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap.MethodsA systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles’ quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care practice in people with diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors hindering to self-care practice after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD 42020149478.ResultsWe included 21 primary studies (with 7,134 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care in the diabetes population was 49.91 (95% CI: 44.73–55.08, I2= 89.8%). Male (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 1.84 95%CI; 1.04–2.64, I2= 15.0%), having private glucometer (POR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.46–3.95, I2= 0.0%), short-term Diabetes Mellitus (DM) duration (POR: 3.69; 95%CI: 1.86–5.52, I2= 0.0%), DM complication (POR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.48–2.95, I2= 0.0%), treatment satisfaction (POR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.15–2.44, I2= 0.0%), received diabetes self-management education (POR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.46–3.95, I2= 0.0%) and poor self-efficacy (POR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.70–4.48, I2= 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of non-adherence to self-care practice.ConclusionsThe overall pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care among adult diabetes in Ethiopia was high. Further works would be needed to improve self-care practice in the diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and each domain of self-care practice according to diabetes self-management guideline.
Patients with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) do not have early Parkinson’s disease: Analysis of the PPMI data
Authors: Lee Jeong Won , Song Yoo Sung , Kim Hyeyun , Ku Bon D. , Lee Won Woo 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTo evaluate whether patients with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) have early Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsThe clinical characteristics, striatal specific binding ratios (SBRs), and the indices of I-123 FP-CIT SPECT images of 50 SWEDD patients, 304 PD patients, and 141 healthy controls were acquired from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) data and evaluated during a 2-year clinical follow-up period.ResultsOf the 50 subjects with SWEDD, PD was confirmed in 13 subjects (the PD-SWEDD group), while the remaining 37 subjects had other diseases (the Other-SWEDD group). Striatal SBR values and striatal asymmetry indices of the PD group were significantly different with those of the PD-SWEDD and Other-SWEDD groups at both baseline and after 2 years (p< 0.001). Putaminal SBR values of the PD-SWEDD group were significantly decreased after 2 years (p< 0.05). There was no difference of the SBR values between baseline and after 2 years in the Other-SWEDD group. A baseline MDS-UPDRS III score matched comparison of the PD and PD-SWEDD group was done due to the large difference of the subject numbers. Striatal SBR values and striatal asymmetry indices were significantly different (p< 0.001) between the two groups at both baseline and after 2 years, but there were no significant difference with respect to the MDS-UPDRS III scores after 2 years between the two groups.ConclusionThe different SBR values and asymmetry indices between the PD and PD-SWEDD groups at baseline and after 2 years indicate that SWEDD may not be early PD, but rather a different disease entity.
Implementasi Prinsip-prinsip Montessori dalam Pembelajaran AUD
Authors: Mumtazah Durotun , Romah Lailatu 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi prinsip-prinsip Montessori dalam pembelajaran, Apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi prinsip Montessori dalam pembelajaran, Dampak menggunakan prinsip Montessori dalam pembelajaran terhadap perkembangan anak di Kelompok Bermain (KB) Safa Islamic Preschool Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat diskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah pemilik KB, kepala KB, guru KB dan anak-anak KB Safa Islamic Preschool Yogyakarta. Obyek penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran prinsip Montessori di KB Safa Islamic Preschool Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik penilaian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pertama, Implementasi pembelajaran berbasis prinsip Montessori melalui lima area model pembelajaran Montessori yaitu area sensorial, area matematika, area ilmu pengetahuan dan kebudayaan, area bahasa dan area keterampilan hidup yang berjalan dengan sistem penggabungan lintas usia disetiap kelompoknya. Kedua, Faktor pendukung dan penghambat, faktor yang mendukung di antaranya perencanaan dengan konselor pendidikan Montessori, pendidikan dan pelatihan Montessori, seluruh guru inti adalah sarjana. Faktor yang menghambat yaitu keterbatasan media pembelajaran, terjadinya pergantian guru, kurangnya pemahaman wali murid mengenai pembelajaran lintas usia. Ketiga, Dampak prinsip Montessori terhadap perkembangan anak adalah menjadi mandiri, kritris dan perkembangan sosial yang meningkat.
Pengembangan Fisik Motorik Melalui Gerak Tari di Kelompok B RA DWP UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Authors: Al Hakim Roby Maulana , Rahmah Lailatu 
Published: February 2021

Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan fisik motorik anak adalah kegiatan gerak tari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui apakah kegiatan gerak tari dapat mengembangkan fisik motorik pada kelompok B RA DWP UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, (2) Faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan fisik motorik anak dalam kegiatan gerak tari.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang keadaan di tempat penelitian dengan menggunakan rangkaian kata-kata dan kalimat, dengan subyek penelitian kelompok B RA DWP UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancrara. Analisis data secara reduksi data, display data dan verivikasi/penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perkembangan fisik motorik melalui gerak tari di kelompok B RA DWP UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta dapat mengembangkan fisik motorik anak, hal tersebut terbukti dari upaya guru dalam mengasah fisikmotorik anak, memberikan contoh, membimbing, mengarahkan anak serta cara guru memberikan kata-kata motivasi yang membangun. Faktor pendukung dalam pengembangan fisik motorik yaitu sarana dan prasarana, guru memberi contoh, musik, peran orang tua, sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam pengembangan fisik motorik anak yaitu kondisi anak yang tidak sehat atau tidak baik, dan berbarengan dengan kegiatan lainnya.
Metode Demonstrasi sebagai Peningkatkan Perkembangan Kognitif Anak
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Suyadi Suyadi 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas belajar peserta didik kelompok A KB-TK Al-Azhar 38 Bantul dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan mengetahui perkembangan kognitif peserta didik kelompok A KB-TK Al-Azhar 38 Bantul dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan datanya diperoleh dari observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan dengan individu-individu yang terlibat dalam penelitian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru, tenaga kependidikan, dan peserta didik KB-TK Alazhar 38 Bantul. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menyeleksi dan menyusun data yang diperoleh, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran di kelompok A KB-TK Al-Azhar 38 Bantul dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi sudah berjalan dengan baik, dikarenakan guru telah memperlihatkan atau memperagakan serangkaian tindakan berupa gerakan yang menggambarkan suatu cara kerja atau urutan proses kegiatan. Selain itu, guru juga telah memperlihatkan bentuk dari suatu benda. Penerapan metode maupun media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses pembelajaran, dan berpengaruh juga terhadap perkembangan peserta didik.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Matematika bagi Anak Dyscalculia Kelas III di SD Negeri 01 Limau Manis
Authors: Khairunisa Widya , Sopandi Asep Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and determine the learning design, learning implementation, learning evaluation, the obstacles encountered during learning also efforts to overcome these obstacles for children with dyscalculia in Elementary School 01 Limau Manis. In this research, researcher uses descriptive qualitative method. The subject in this study is mathematic teacher. In this study, researcher used observation , interview and documentation as the technique of data collection. Results obtained in this study are the design of learning mathematics which is consists of Lesson plan and syllabus in accordance with the curriculum. The implementation of mathematics learning carried out for seven hours in a week. The implementation of learning includes 3 phases namely introduction, core activity and closing activity. Learning evaluation is done after the lesson ended by a written test form. The preparation of the program teacher did not experiencing problems, but other Teacher's constraints came during the learning, namely classroom management, during the learning process there are students who pay attention and some of them are did not pay attention. Teacher's effort to overcome these obstacles is giving more attention to their students.
REINTERPRETASI RIQAB SEBAGAI KORBAN EKSPLOITASI SEKSUAL DALAM HUKUM ZAKAT
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Sahban Sahban 
Published: February 2021

Dalam al-Qur’an ada delapan kelompok yang berhak menerima zakat salah satunya adalah riqab diartikan sebagai budak. Untuk konteks sekarang, riqab tidak perlu lagi dipahami secara tekstual sebagai budak akan tetapi riqab perlu dimaknai secara kontekstual yaitu orang-orang yang tereksploitasi secara ekonomi. Korban eksploitasi seksual dapat dikategorikan sebagai riqab yang berhak menerima zakat. Korban eksploitasi seksual ini adalah orang yang tidak mampu membebaskan dirinya dari perbudakan karena pada umumnya berlatar belakang pendidikan yang rendah dan berekonomi lemah. Zakat dapat didistribusikan secara merata kedelapan kelompok tersebut, sehingga dapat menyejahterakan umat dan terwujudnya keadilan sosial ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, perlunya lembaga pengelola zakat dan pemerintah untuk memahami secara kontekstual riqab sehingga zakat mampu mengentaskan kemiskinan dan mencegah terjadinya eksploitasi seksual yang merupakan kejahatan terhadap hak asasi manusia.
The Hierarchical Rater Thresholds Model for Multiple Raters and Multiple Items
Authors: Molenaar Dylan , Uluman Müge , Tavşancıl Ezel , De Boeck Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In educational measurement, various methods have been proposed to infer student proficiency from the ratings of multiple items (e.g., essays) by multiple raters. However, suitable models quickly become numerically demanding or even unfeasible as separate latent variables are needed to account for local dependencies between the ratings of the same response. Therefore, in the present paper we derive a flexible approach based on Thurstone’s law of categorical judgment. The advantage of this approach is that it can be fit using weighted least squares estimation which is computationally less demanding as compared to most of the previous approaches in the case of an increasing number of latent variables. In addition, the new approach can be applied using existing latent variable modeling software. We illustrate the model on a real dataset from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMSS) comprising ratings of 10 items by 4 raters for 150 subjects. In addition, we compare the new model to existing models including the facet model, the hierarchical rater model, and the hierarchical rater latent class model.
Student’s Conceptions of Function Transformation
Authors: Tumenbayar Davaanyam , Amarzaya Amartuvshin , Navchaa Tserendorj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess object and schema conceptions of transformations of functions for undergraduate level students of Mongolian National University. The research participants were 37 undergraduate students who attended the Calculus course of the third author. To achieve our purpose two of the authors analyzed students’ project work independently based on the pre-developed rubrics and further analyses were made. Students’ project work included recognition of simple and complicated transformation of functions visually, expressing algebraic forms of such transformations and drawing a doll using transformations of a half circle of radius one. The research results show that students’ object and schema conception of transformations of functions were poor. Finding the reason for these poor results is a subject for future research. Moreover, students who were able to recognize more complicated transformations visually could draw a doll using the half circle while the ones who could express transformations of both simple and complicated transformations in algebraic form were able to construct a doll using transformations of the half circle.
Piperine protects oxidative modifications in human erythrocytes
Authors: Singh Prabhakar , Pandey Kanti Bhooshan , Rizvi Syed Ibrahim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Piperine (1-piperoyl piperidine), a major alkaloid constituent of Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum L. has pleiotropic biological effects, but the mechanism(s) involved remain to be elucidated. The current study was conducted to examine the efficacy of antioxidant ability of piperine on t-BHP induced markers of oxidative stress in human erythrocytes.

Methods
Healthy human erythrocytes and erythrocytes membrane was stressed with free radical inducer chemical; t-BHP (10−5 M), and the effects of piperine was measured against free radical mediated modification in lipid and protein content, –SH and GSH value with antioxidant potential.

Results
The results demonstrate that treatment of erythrocytes with piperine (10−5 to 10−7 M) significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the adverse consequences of oxidative stress as evidenced by prevention of oxidation of erythrocyte reduced glutathione, membrane thiols, proteins, and peroxidation of lipids; the effects were in correlation with ferric reducing and radical scavenging abilities of piperine.

Conclusions
The study concludes that piperine possesses potent anti-oxidant potential which may explain many of its observed biological effects.
A study on strongly convex hyper S-subposets in hyper S-posets
Authors: Tang Jian , Xie Xiang-Yun , Davvaz Bijan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study various strongly convex hyper S-subposets of hyper S-posets in detail. To begin with, we consider the decomposition of hyper S-posets. A unique decomposition theorem for hyper S-posets is given based on strongly convex indecomposable hyper S-subposets. Furthermore, we discuss the properties of minimal and maximal strongly convex hyper S-subposets of hyper S-posets. In the sequel, the concept of hyper C-subposets of a hyper S-poset is introduced, and several related properties are investigated. In particular, we discuss the relationship between greatest strongly convex hyper S-subposets and hyper C-subposets of hyper S-posets. Moreover, we introduce the concept of bases of a hyper S-poset and give out the sufficient and necessary conditions of the existence of the greatest hyper C-subposets of a hyper S-poset by the properties of bases.
Perlindungan Konsumen E-Commerce Shopee Indonesia Atas Kebenaran Informasi Barang Yang Diperjanjikan Menurut Perspektif Hukum Positif
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhamad Fikrie , Hidayat Asep Syarifuddin , Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau bentuk perlindungan konsumen e-commerce menurut kebijakan dari penyedia e-commerce dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen tersebut jika mendapatkan haknya dilanggar. Permasalahan utama adalah mengenai adanya pelanggaran hak konsumen yang dilakukan oleh beberapa pelaku usaha pada Marketplace Shopee Indonesia. Pelanggaran hak konsumen ini mengenai ketidaksesuaian barang yang diterima oleh konsumen dibandingkan dengan apa yang sudah diperjanjikan di awal antara konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif empiris dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan dan sumber dari internet. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Perlindungan Konsumen e-commerce sudah diatur dalam kebijakan penyedia layanan namun masih ada kasus terjadinya pelanggaran hak dan upaya yang dapat ditempuh oleh konsumen tersebut adalah dengan melalui pengadilan dalam catatan tidak melibatkan pihak penyedia layanan atau dapat juga menggunakan system Online Dispute Resolution menurut Pasal 72 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Konsumen, Transaksi Elektronik, E-commerce
Kompetensi Dan Kedudukan Janji Bagi Pemimpin Publik Dalam Prespektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Sholeh M Asrorun Niam 
Published: February 2021

Public leaders in practice often make political promises and it is not uncommon for these promises to come without a realization. Promises without realization often cause problems both philosophically, juridically, and sociologically. Philosophically, it will injure the existence that all promises must be kept. In practice, the promises of leaders and future leaders take many forms when it comes to the perspective of Islamic law. The perspective of jumhur Fuqaha states that keeping promises is impossible and breaking the law is makruh. The Qoidah is a public leader who break their promises are included in the category of sinful leaders (fasiq), this simultaneously impacts that the level of the leader's wickedness will affect the level of people's obedience to him. This research aims to describe the position of promises given by public dreamers to society from an Islamic perspective. The results of this study explain that leaders often give promises that are limited to commitments and leaders should not break promises because the law is haram and promises are a debt that must be paid.Keywords: Promise; Leader; Political Abstrak: Pemimpin publik dalam praktiknya sering kali memberikan janji politik dan tidak jarang janji tersebut hadir tanpa sebuah realisasi. Janji tanpa realisasi sering kali menimbulkan problematika baik secara filosofis, yuridis maupun sosiologis. Secara filosofis hal tersebut akan menciderai eksistensi bahwa semua janji pada hakikatnya harus ditepati. Dalam praktiknya, janji-janji pemimpin dan calon pemimpin mengambil banyak ragam jika dikaitkan dengan perspektif hukum Islam. Dalam perspektif jumhur Fuqaha menyatakan bahwa menepati janji itu mustahab dan mengingkarinya hukumnya makruh. Kaidaahnya pemimpin publik yang ingkar janji termasuk kategori pemimpin yang berdosa (fasiq). Hal ini secara simultan berdampak bahwa dari kadar kefasikan pemimpin akan mempengaruhi kadar ketaaatan rakyat kepadanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan kedudukan atas janji yang diberikan oleh pemimpin publik kepada masyarakat dalam perspektif Islam. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pemimpin sering memberikan janji yang sebatas komitmen dan pemimpin tidak boleh mengingkari janji karena hukumnya haram dan janji adalah sebuah hutang yang harus dibayar.Kata Kunci: Janji; Pemimpin; Politik