bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projections of surface air temperature required to sustain permafrost and importance of adaptation to climate change in the Daisetsu Mountains, Japan
Authors: Yokohata Tokuta , Iwahana Go , Sone Toshio , Saito Kazuyuki , Ishizaki Noriko N. , Kubo Takahiro , Oguma Hiroyuki , Uchida Masao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPermafrost is known to occur in high mountainous areas such as the Daisetsu Mountains in Japan, which are located at the southernmost limit of the permafrost distribution in the world. In this study, areas with climatic conditions suitable for sustaining permafrost in the Daisetsu Mountains are projected using bias-corrected and downscaled climate model outputs and statistical relationships between surface air temperatures and permafrost areas. Using freezing and thawing indices, the size of the area in the Daisetsu Mountains where climatic conditions were suitable for permafrost were estimated to be approximately 150 km2 in 2010. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, this area is projected to decrease to about 30 km2 by 2050 and it is projected to disappear by around 2070. Under the RCP2.6 scenario, the area is projected to decrease to approximately 20 km2 by 2100. The degradation of mountain permafrost could potentially affect the stability of trekking trails due to slope displacement, and it may also have deleterious effects on current alpine ecosystems. It is therefore important to accurately monitor changes in the mountain ecosystem environment and to implement measures to adapt to an environment that is projected to change significantly in the future.
Experimental long-term diabetes mellitus alters the transcriptome and biomechanical properties of the rat urinary bladder
Authors: Hindi Emad A. , Williams Craig J. , Zeef Leo A. H. , Lopes Filipa M. , Newman Katie , Davey Martha M. M. , Hodson Nigel W. , Hilton Emma N. , Huang Jennifer L. , Price Karen L. , Roberts Neil A. , Long David A. , Woolf Adrian S. , Gardiner Natalie J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy is widely studied. In contrast, the pathobiology of diabetic urinary bladder disease is less understood despite dysfunctional voiding being common in DM. We hypothesised that diabetic cystopathy has a characteristic molecular signature. We therefore studied bladders of hyperglycaemic and polyuric rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. Sixteen weeks after induction of DM, as assessed by RNA arrays, wide-ranging changes of gene expression occurred in DM bladders over and above those induced in bladders of non-hyperglycaemic rats with sucrose-induced polyuria. The altered transcripts included those coding for extracellular matrix regulators and neural molecules. Changes in key genes deregulated in DM rat bladders were also detected in db/db mouse bladders. In DM rat bladders there was reduced birefringent collagen between detrusor muscle bundles, and atomic force microscopy showed a significant reduction in tissue stiffness; neither change was found in bladders of sucrose-treated rats. Thus, altered extracellular matrix with reduced tissue rigidity may contribute to voiding dysfunction in people with long-term DM. These results serve as an informative stepping stone towards understanding the complex pathobiology of diabetic cystopathy.
CMR-based T1-mapping offers superior diagnostic value compared to longitudinal strain-based assessment of relative apical sparing in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Korthals Dennis , Chatzantonis Grigorios , Bietenbeck Michael , Meier Claudia , Stalling Philipp , Yilmaz Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative disease. In the present study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-based T1-mapping and subsequent extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement and longitudinal strain analysis in the same patients with (a) biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis (CA) and (b) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). N = 30 patients with CA, N = 20 patients with HCM and N = 15 healthy control patients without relevant cardiac disease underwent dedicated CMR studies. The CMR protocol included standard sequences for cine-imaging, native and post-contrast T1-mapping and late-gadolinium-enhancement. ECV measurements were based on pre- and post-contrast T1-mapping images. Feature-tracking analysis was used to calculate 3D left ventricular longitudinal strain (LV-LS) in basal, mid and apical short-axis cine-images and to assess the presence of relative apical sparing. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis revealed an area-under-the-curve regarding the differentiation of CA from HCM of 0.984 for native T1-mapping (p < 0.001), of 0.985 for ECV (p < 0.001) and only 0.740 for the “apical-to-(basal + midventricular)”-ratio of LV-LS (p = 0.012). A multivariable logistical regression analysis showed that ECV was the only statistically significant predictor of CA when compared to the parameter LV-LS or to the parameter “apical-to-(basal + midventricular)” LV-RLS-ratio. Native T1-mapping and ECV measurement are both superior to longitudinal strain measurement (with assessment of relative apical sparing) regarding the appropriate diagnosis of CA.
COVID-19 vaccines that reduce symptoms but do not block infection need higher coverage and faster rollout to achieve population impact
Authors: Swan David A. , Bracis Chloe , Janes Holly , Moore Mia , Matrajt Laura , Reeves Daniel B. , Burns Eileen , Donnell Deborah , Cohen Myron S. , Schiffer Joshua T. , Dimitrov Dobromir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrial results for two COVID-19 vaccines suggest at least 90% efficacy against symptomatic disease (VEDIS). It remains unknown whether this efficacy is mediated by lowering SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility (VESUSC) or development of symptoms after infection (VESYMP). We aim to assess and compare the population impact of vaccines with different efficacy profiles (VESYMP and VESUSC) satisfying licensure criteria. We developed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, calibrated to data from King County, Washington. Rollout scenarios starting December 2020 were simulated with combinations of VESUSC and VESYMP resulting in up to 100% VEDIS. We assumed no reduction of infectivity upon infection conditional on presence of symptoms. Proportions of cumulative infections, hospitalizations and deaths prevented over 1 year from vaccination start are reported. Rollouts of 1 M vaccinations (5000 daily) using vaccines with 50% VEDIS are projected to prevent 23–46% of infections and 31–46% of deaths over 1 year. In comparison, vaccines with 90% VEDIS are projected to prevent 37–64% of infections and 46–64% of deaths over 1 year. In both cases, there is a greater reduction if VEDIS is mediated mostly by VESUSC. The use of a “symptom reducing” vaccine will require twice as many people vaccinated than a “susceptibility reducing” vaccine with the same 90% VEDIS to prevent 50% of the infections and death over 1 year. Delaying the start of the vaccination by 3 months decreases the expected population impact by more than 50%. Vaccines which prevent COVID-19 disease but not SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thereby shift symptomatic infections to asymptomatic infections, will prevent fewer infections and require larger and faster vaccination rollouts to have population impact, compared to vaccines that reduce susceptibility to infection. If uncontrolled transmission across the U.S. continues, then expected vaccination in Spring 2021 will provide only limited benefit.
Micro-structural investigations on oppositely charged mixed surfactant gels with potential dermal applications
Authors: Barai Manas , Manna Emili , Sultana Habiba , Mandal Manas Kumar , Guchhait Kartik Chandra , Manna Tuhin , Patra Anuttam , Chang Chien-Hsiang , Moitra Parikshit , Ghosh Chandradipa , Larsson Anna-Carin , Bhattacharya Santanu , Panda Amiya Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDicarboxylic amino acid-based surfactants (N-dodecyl derivatives of -aminomalonate, -aspartate, and -glutamate) in combination with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) form a variety of aggregates. Composition and concentration-dependent mixtures exhibit liquid crystal, gel, precipitate, and clear isotropic phases. Liquid crystalline patterns, formed by surfactant mixtures, were identified by polarizing optical microscopy. FE-SEM studies reveal the existence of surface morphologies of different mixed aggregates. Phase transition and associated weight loss were found to depend on the composition where thermotropic behaviours were revealed through combined differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric studies. Systems comprising more than 60 mol% HTAB demonstrate shear-thinning behaviour. Gels cause insignificant toxicity to human peripheral lymphocytes and irritation to bare mouse skin; they do not display the symptoms of cutaneous irritation, neutrophilic invasion, and inflammation (erythema, edema, and skin thinning) as evidenced by cumulative irritancy index score. Gels also exhibit substantial antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, a potent causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, suggesting its possible application as a vehicle for topical dermatological drug delivery.
Boosting people’s ability to detect microtargeted advertising
Authors: Lorenz-Spreen Philipp , Geers Michael , Pachur Thorsten , Hertwig Ralph , Lewandowsky Stephan , Herzog Stefan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnline platforms’ data give advertisers the ability to “microtarget” recipients’ personal vulnerabilities by tailoring different messages for the same thing, such as a product or political candidate. One possible response is to raise awareness for and resilience against such manipulative strategies through psychological inoculation. Two online experiments (total $$N= 828$$

N
=
828

) demonstrated that a short, simple intervention prompting participants to reflect on an attribute of their own personality—by completing a short personality questionnaire—boosted their ability to accurately identify ads that were targeted at them by up to 26 percentage points. Accuracy increased even without personalized feedback, but merely providing a description of the targeted personality dimension did not improve accuracy. We argue that such a “boosting approach,” which here aims to improve people’s competence to detect manipulative strategies themselves, should be part of a policy mix aiming to increase platforms’ transparency and user autonomy.
Analysis of planes within reduced micromorphic model
Authors: Dhaba A. R. El , Mousavi S. Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA plane within reduced micromorphic model subjected to external static load is studied using the finite element method. The reduced micromorphic model is a generalized continuum theory which can be used to capture the interaction of the microstructure. In this approach, the microstructure is homogenized and replaced by a reduced micromorphic material model. Then, avoiding the complexity of the microstructure, the reduced micromorphic model is analyzed to reveal the interaction of the microstructure and the external loading. In this study, the three-dimensional formulation of the reduced micromorphic model is dimensionally reduced to address a plane under in-plane external load. The governing system of partial differential equations with corresponding consistent boundary conditions are discretized and solved using the finite element method. The classical and nonclassical deformation measures are then demonstrated and discussed for the first time for a material employing the reduced micromorphic model.
Multiple climate change-driven tipping points for coastal systems
Authors: Barnard Patrick L. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Page Henry M. , Wood Nathan J. , Hart Juliette A. Finzi , Cayan Daniel R. , Erikson Li H. , Hubbard David M. , Myers Monique R. , Melack John M. , Iacobellis Sam F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the climate evolves over the next century, the interaction of accelerating sea level rise (SLR) and storms, combined with confining development and infrastructure, will place greater stresses on physical, ecological, and human systems along the ocean-land margin. Many of these valued coastal systems could reach “tipping points,” at which hazard exposure substantially increases and threatens the present-day form, function, and viability of communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Determining the timing and nature of these tipping points is essential for effective climate adaptation planning. Here we present a multidisciplinary case study from Santa Barbara, California (USA), to identify potential climate change-related tipping points for various coastal systems. This study integrates numerical and statistical models of the climate, ocean water levels, beach and cliff evolution, and two soft sediment ecosystems, sandy beaches and tidal wetlands. We find that tipping points for beaches and wetlands could be reached with just 0.25 m or less of SLR (~ 2050), with > 50% subsequent habitat loss that would degrade overall biodiversity and ecosystem function. In contrast, the largest projected changes in socioeconomic exposure to flooding for five communities in this region are not anticipated until SLR exceeds 0.75 m for daily flooding and 1.5 m for storm-driven flooding (~ 2100 or later). These changes are less acute relative to community totals and do not qualify as tipping points given the adaptive capacity of communities. Nonetheless, the natural and human built systems are interconnected such that the loss of natural system function could negatively impact the quality of life of residents and disrupt the local economy, resulting in indirect socioeconomic impacts long before built infrastructure is directly impacted by flooding.
The characteristics of proteome and metabolome associated with contrasting sperm motility in goat seminal plasma
Authors: Jia Baoyu , Liang Jiachong , Lv Chunrong , Memon Sameeullah , Fang Yi , Wu Guoquan , Quan Guobo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSperm motility is an index tightly associated with male fertility. A close relationship between seminal plasma and sperm motility has been confirmed. This study was to assess the protein and metabolite profiles of seminal plasma obtained from adult goats with high or low sperm motility using the proteomic and metabolomic strategies. In total, 2098 proteins were found. 449 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified, and 175 DAPs were enriched in the high motility group. The obtained DAPs primarily exist in cytoplasma and extra-cellular portion. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated the main functional roles of these DAPs in regulating biological process, metabolic process of organic substances, cellular-metabolic process, primary-metabolic process, metabolic process of nitrogen compounds, etc. Additionally, the Kyoto-Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DAPs were primarily involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system, salivary secretion, proteasome, apoptosis, mitophagy-animal, etc. Aided by the parallel reaction monitoring technology, the abundance changing pattern of 19 selected DAPs was consistent with that of the corresponding proteins obtained by TMT. A total of 4603 metabolites were identified in seminal plasma. 1857 differential metabolites were found between the high motility group and the low motility group, and 999 metabolites were up-regulated in the high motility group. The KEGG analysis demonstrated the primary involvement of the differential metabolites in metabolic and synthetic activities. In conclusion, we first established the proteome and metabolome databank of goat seminal plasma, detecting some proteins and metabolites which may affect sperm motility. This study will be valuable for understanding mechanisms leading to poor sperm motility.
Plasmonic hot electron induced layer dependent anomalous Fröhlich interaction in InSe
Authors: Rahaman Mahfujur , Aslam Muhammad Awais , He Lu , Madeira Teresa I. , Zahn Dietrich R. T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the great promise of InSe for electronic and optoelectronic applications, Fröhlich interaction plays an important role in electrical transport due to the polar nature of it, which can become more significant in reduced dimensionality. Here, we report on how the dimensionality influences the strength and nature of the Fröhlich polaronic effect in InSe with the aid of plasmonic hot electrons injection. Polar optical phonons couple to hot electrons via the Fröhlich interaction in InSe and enable us to monitor them in conventional Raman measurements. We observed that the intensity of these phonon modes initially increases gradually with decreasing layer number and then drops drastically from 7 L to 6 L (transition from quasi-direct to indirect bandgap at room temperature). Additionally, a gradual decrease of intensity of the polar modes with further decreasing layer number is observed due to the increasing indirect bandgap nature of InSe suggesting reduced Fröhlich coupling below this thickness.
Current and emerging estrogen receptor-targeted therapies for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Haines Corinne N. , Wardell Suzanne E. , McDonnell Donald P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNearly 80% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and require the activity of this transcription factor for tumor growth and survival. Thus, endocrine therapies, which target the estrogen signaling axis, have and will continue to be the cornerstone of therapy for patients diagnosed with ER+ disease. Several inhibitors of ER activity exist, including aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor degraders/down-regulators (SERDs), and ER proteolysis-targeting chimeras (ER PROTACs); drugs which differ in the mechanism(s) by which they inhibit this signaling pathway. Notwithstanding their significant impact on the management of this disease, resistance to existing endocrine therapies remains a major impediment to durable clinical responses. Although the mechanisms of resistance are complex and varied, dependence on ER is typically retained after progression on SERMs and AIs, suggesting that ER remains a bona fide therapeutic target. The discovery and development of orally bioavailable drugs that eliminate ER expression (SERDs and ER PROTACs) will likely aid in treating this growing patient population. All of the existing endocrine therapies were developed with the intent of inhibiting the cancer cell intrinsic actions of ER and/or with the objective of achieving extreme estrogen deprivation and most achieve that goal. A longstanding question that remains to be addressed, however, is how actions of existing interventions extrinsic to the cancer cells influence tumor biology. We believe that these issues need to be addressed in the development of strategies to develop the next generation of ER-modulators optimized for positive activities in both cancer cells and other cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Roles of steroid receptors in the lung and COVID-19
Authors: Leach Damien A. , Brooke Greg N. , Bevan Charlotte L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms and mortality are largely due to its devastating effects in the lungs. The disease is caused by the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)-CoV-2 coronavirus, which requires host cell proteins such as ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2) for infection of lung epithelia. The expression and function of the steroid hormone receptor family is important in many aspects that impact on COVID-19 effects in the lung – notably lung development and function, the immune system, and expression of TMPRSS2 and ACE2. This review provides a brief summary of current knowledge on the roles of the steroid hormone receptors [androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor (PR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and oestrogen receptor (ER)] in the lung, their effects on host cell proteins that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 uptake, and provides a snapshot of current clinical trials investigating the use of steroid receptor (SR) ligands to treat COVID-19.
Blasenkarzinom − Komplikationen der Harnableitung
Authors: Pfister David , Niegisch Günter 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungAuch heute noch stellt die radikale Zystektomie mit Anlage einer Harnableitung einen der komplikationsträchtigsten Eingriffe in der Uroonkologie dar. Insbesondere im Langzeitverlauf, aber auch perioperativ spielen dabei durch die Harnableitung bedingte Probleme eine wesentliche Rolle. Perioperativ stehen dabei im Wesentlichen gastrointestinale Probleme wie etwa ein Ileus, aber auch Infekte und frühe Komplikationen der unterschiedlichen Anastomosen im Vordergrund. Während ein Ileus ebenso wie perioperative Infekte i. d. R. medikamentös behandelt werden können, erfordern Insuffizienzen der intestinalen Anastomose regelhaft und Insuffizienzen der ureterointestinalen Anastomosen häufig operative Revisionen.Im Langzeitverlauf können Narbenbildungen zu chronischen Harnabflussbehinderungen und bei kontinenten Harnableitungen zur Steinbildung führen und ebenso wie parastomale Hernien weitere Therapien erforderlich machen. Funktionelle Darmprobleme können die Lebensqualität der Patienten nachhaltig beeinflussen.Durch eine verbesserte Vorbereitung präoperativ und die begleitenden Maßnahmen während des stationären Aufenthalts können nicht operationsbedingte Komplikationen signifikant reduziert werden.Die Zystektomie mit der therapieassoziierten Morbidität ist ein Paradebeispiel für eine zentrumsbasierte Operation, um Komplikationen sowohl perioperativ als auch im weiteren Follow-up zu reduzieren.
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) Associated with Progression of Lacquer Cracks in High Myopia
Authors: Ong Ariel Yuhan , Birtel Johannes , Charbel Issa Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose To report a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) associated with acute progression of lacquer cracks in high myopia.
Case Report A 41-year-old female patient with high myopia developed typical signs, symptoms, and disease course of MEWDS in her right eye. At the same time, the same eye showed progression of lacquer cracks when compared to images taken 2 months prior. Retinal imaging findings characteristic of MEWDS were most obvious on fundus autofluorescence, whereas alterations on color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography were very mild, probably because of the myopia-related fundus pathology.
Conclusion We present a case of MEWDS co-occurring with acute progression of lacquer cracks. This adds to the increasing evidence that impaired integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruchʼs membrane complex may be a factor in causing MEWDS, possibly by exposing otherwise isolated antigens. The anatomy in a highly myopic eye may make it challenging to diagnose MEWDS-associated fundus changes.
Biomarker: der Weg zur individualisierten Therapie bei Nierenzelltumoren
Authors: Zeuschner Philip , Zaccagnino Angela , Junker Kerstin 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten drei Jahrzehnten wurden Nierentumore, basierend auf histopathologischen und molekularen Merkmalen, immer umfassender differenziert. Dies hat inzwischen eine zunehmend größere Bedeutung für die klinische Praxis, da differenzierte Therapieoptionen sowohl für die organbegrenzten als auch für die metastasierten Nierenzelltumore zur Verfügung stehen. Die Kenntnis der molekularen Veränderungen ist Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung, aber auch für die differenzierte Anwendung zielgerichteter systemischer Therapieverfahren. Diese Arbeit gibt einerseits einen Überblick über die molekulare Differenzierung der Nierentumore, andererseits werden molekulare Biomarker zur Diagnose, Prognosebewertung und Therapieentscheidung vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert.