bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Direct Investment and Output Volatility Nexus: A Global Analysis
Authors: Tauqir Aisha , Majeed Muhammad Tariq , Kashif Sadaf 
Published: November 2021

Volatility in output growth remains a genuine concern around the globe because of its detrimental effects on growth, poverty and welfare. In the realm of output volatility, the role of FDI and its consistency is particularly important and worth considering. This article examines the role of FDI inflows and specifically the instability in it on output growth volatility using a panel dataset of 141 world economies for the period 1971–2017. The study employs a variety of estimation techniques like pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), LS fixed effects (FE), LS random effects (RE), two stage least squares (2SLS) and generalised methods of moments (GMM). Findings of the study suggest that FDI acts as the volatility reducing factor, whereas uncertainty in it increases output volatility. On the policy front, this study recommends policies that not only encourage FDI inflows but also ensure the inflows to be more consistent and stable. Our results are robust corresponding to various above-mentioned estimation techniques and sensitivity analysis. JEL Codes: C23, E32, F21
Age and Gender Differences in Perceived Parenting Styles and Emotional Outcomes in Early Adolescents
Authors: Ortega Beatriz , Mateo Alonso , Jimeno María V. , Ricarte Jorge J. 
Published: November 2021

Early adolescents’ perception of parenting styles is crucial to their present and future physical and mental well-being. The main aim of the present study was to analyze differences in parenting styles between mothers and fathers and differences on emotional state scales (anxiety, depression, and purpose in life) depending on gender, age, and family structure in 744 girls (54%) and boys (45.7%) aged between 10 and 12 years. The results showed that the early adolescents perceived greater levels of affect than criticism, with mothers being considered more affectionate than fathers. The greater the perceived affect and communication, the greater was the perception of purpose in life and the lower the levels of anxiety and depression in early adolescents. Boys showed higher levels of perceived criticism and rejection. Family affect and communication play a key role in purpose in life and emotional well-being of children, with parenting styles being a determining factor.
Impact of dual-energy 50-keV virtual monoenergetic images on radiologist confidence in detection of key imaging findings of small hepatocellular carcinomas using multiphase liver CT
Authors: Voss Benjamin A , Khandelwal Ashish , Wells Michael L , Inoue Akitoshi , Venkatesh Sudhakar K , Lee Yong S , Johnson Matthew P , Fletcher Joel G 
Published: November 2021

Background Dual-energy virtual monoenergetic images can increase iodine signal, potentially increasing the conspicuity of hepatic masses. Purpose To determine if dual-energy 50-keV virtual monoenergetic images improve visualization of key imaging findings or diagnostic confidence for small (≤2 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) at multiphase, contrast-enhanced liver computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods Patients with chronic liver disease underwent multiphase dual-energy CT imaging for HCC, with late arterial and delayed phase dual-energy 50-keV images reconstructed. Two non-reader subspecialized gastrointestinal (GI) radiologists established the reference standard, determining the location and diagnosis of all hepatic lesions using predetermined criteria. Three GI radiologists interpreted mixed kV CT images without or with dual-energy 50-keV images. Radiologists identified potential HCCs and rated their confidence (0–100 scales) in imaging findings of arterial enhancement, enhancing capsule, tumor washout, and LI-RADS 5 (2018) category. Results In total, 45 patients (14 women; mean age = 59.5 ± 10.9 years) with chronic liver disease were included. Of them, 19 patients had 25 HCCs ≤2 cm (mean size = 1.5 ± 0.4 cm). There were 17 LI-RADS 3 and 4 lesions and 19 benign lesions. Reader confidence in imaging findings of arterial enhancement, enhancing capsule, and non-peripheral washout significantly increased with dual-energy images ( P ≤ 0.022). Overall confidence in HCC diagnosis increased significantly with dual-energy 50-keV images (52.4 vs. 68.8; P = 0.001). Dual-energy images demonstrated a slight but significant decrease in overall image quality. Conclusion Radiologist confidence in key imaging features of small HCCs and confidence in imaging diagnosis increases with use of dual-energy 50-keV images at multiphase, contrast-enhanced liver CT.
Minimum 10-Year Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic 270° Labral Repair in Traumatic Shoulder Instability Involving Anterior, Inferior, and Posterior Labral Injury
Authors: Berthold Daniel P. , LeVasseur Matthew R. , Muench Lukas N. , Mancini Michael R. , Uyeki Colin L. , Lee Julianna , Beitzel Knut , Imhoff Andreas B. , Arciero Robert A. , Scheiderer Bastian , Siebenlist Sebastian , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Current literature reports highly satisfactory short- and midterm clinical outcomes in patients with arthroscopic 270° labral tear repairs. However, data remain limited on long-term clinical outcomes and complication and redislocation rates in patients with traumatic shoulder instability involving anterior, inferior, and posterior labral injury. Purpose: To investigate, at a minimum follow-up of 10 years, the clinical outcomes, complications, and recurrent instability in patients with 270° labral tears involving the anterior, inferior, and posterior labrum treated with arthroscopic stabilization using suture anchors. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective outcomes study was completed for all patients with a minimum 10-year follow-up who underwent arthroscopic 270° labral tear repairs with suture anchors by a single surgeon. Outcome measures included pre- and postoperative Rowe score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test, visual analog scale for pain, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) scores were collected postoperatively. Complication data were collected, including continued instability, subluxation or dislocation events, and revision surgery. Failure was defined as any cause of revision surgery. Results: In total, 21 patients (mean ± SD age, 27.1 ± 9.6 years) with 270° labral repairs were contacted at a minimum 10-year follow-up. All outcome measures showed statistically significant improvements as compared with those preoperatively: Rowe (53.9 ± 11.4 to 88.7 ± 8.9; P = .005), ASES (72.9 ± 18.4 to 91.8 ± 10.8; P = .004), Simple Shoulder Test (8.7 ± 2.4 to 11.2 ± 1.0; P = .013), visual analog scale (2.5 ± 2.6 to 0.5 ± 1.1; P = .037), and SANE (24.0 ± 15.2 to 91.5 ± 8.3; P = .043). The mean postoperative WOSI score at minimum follow-up was 256.3 ± 220.6. Three patients had postoperative complications, including a traumatic subluxation, continued instability, and a traumatic dislocation, 2 of which required revision surgery (14.2% failure rate). Conclusion: Arthroscopic repairs of 270° labral tears involving the anterior, inferior, and posterior labrum have highly satisfactory clinical outcomes at 10 years, with complication and redislocation rates similar to those reported at 2 years. This suggests that repairs of extensile labral tears are effective in restoring and maintaining mechanical stability of the glenohumeral joint in the long term.
Comparison of household income in in-hospital outcomes after implantation of left ventricular assist device
Authors: Ebner Bertrand , Karetnick Morgan , Grant Jelani , Vincent Louis , Maning Jennifer , Olarte Neal , Olorunfemi Odunayo , Rosario Colombo , Chaparro Sandra 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Due to the inability to keep up with the demand for heart transplantation, there is an increased utilization of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). However, paucity of data exists regarding the association of household income with in-hospital outcomes after LVAD implantation. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using the NIS to identify all patients ⩾18 years who underwent LVAD implantation from 2011 to 2017. Statistical analysis was performed comparing low household income (⩽50th percentile) and high income (>50th percentile). Results: A total of 25,503 patients underwent LVAD implantation. The low-income group represented 53% and the high-income group corresponded to 47% of the entire cohort. The low-income group was found to be younger (mean age 55 ± 14 vs 58 ± 14 years), higher proportion of females (24% vs 22%), and higher proportion of blacks (32% vs 16%, p < 0.001 for all). The low-income group was found to have higher prevalence of hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, and pulmonary hypertension ( p < 0.001 for all). However, the high-income cohort had higher rate of atrial tachyarrhythmias and end-stage renal disease ( p < 0.001). During hospitalization, patients in the high-income group had increased rates of ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, acute coronary syndrome, bleeding, and need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( p < 0.001 for all). We found that the unadjusted mortality had an OR 1.30 (CI 1.21–1.41, p < 0.001) and adjusted mortality of OR 1.14 (CI 1.05–1.23, p = 0.002). Conclusion: In patients undergoing LVAD implantation nationwide, low-income was associated with increased comorbidity burden, younger age, and fewer in-hospital complications and all-cause mortality.
Relationship Between Life-Space Mobility and Health Characteristics in Older Adults Using Global Positioning System Watches
Authors: Chung Jane , Boyle Joseph , Wheeler David C. 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to examine the feasibility of using global positioning system (GPS) watches to examine relationships between GPS-based life-space mobility (LSM) metrics and self-report LSM and health measures (physical, psychological, and cognitive function) among older adults. Thirty participants wore a Fitbit Surge for 3 days. Eight spatial and temporal LSM measures were derived from GPS data. About 90% of in-home movement speeds were zero, indicating the sedentary lifestyle, but they made some active out-of-home trips as the total distance traveled and size of movement area indicated. There was a significant difference in total distance traveled and 95th percentile of movement speed between mild cognitive and intact cognition groups. GPS-based higher proportion of out-of-home time was significantly associated with greater functional fitness. Greater GPS use hours were significantly associated with higher cognition. These findings suggest the potential of GPS watches to continuously monitor changes in functional health to inform prevention efforts.
Low disease activity state in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ozturk Kubra , Caglayan Senğul , Tanatar Ayse , Baglan Esra , Yener Otar Gulcin , Kavrul Kayaalp Gulsah , Karadag Serife Gul , Demir Ferhat , Sonmez Hafize Emine , Ozdel Semanur , Cakan Mustafa , Aktay Ayaz Nuray , Sozeri Betul ,   PeRA-Research Group
Published: November 2021

Objectives To determine the rate of achieving The Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for tracing pertinent treatment modalities. Methods A total of 122 juvenile-onset SLE (jSLE) patients from six pediatric rheumatology centers in Turkey were enrolled in the study. LLDAS-50 was defined as encountering LLDAS for at least 50% of the observation time. According to the achievement of LLDAS-50, clinical features, immunological profiles, and treatments of patients with jSLE have been revealed. Results LLDAS of any duration was achieved by 82% of the cohort. Although only 10.8% of the patients achieved remission, 68.9% reached LLDAS-50. A significant difference was found between patients who reached LLDAS-50 and those who did not, in terms of the time to reach low-dose corticosteroid treatment ( p = 0.002), the presence of subacute cutaneous findings ( p = 0.007), and the presence of proteinuria ( p = 0.002). Both of the groups were under similar treatment approaches. However, the number of patients being treated with corticosteroids at the last visit was found to be significantly higher in patients who achieved LLDAS-50 ( p<0.001). Conclusion Targeting LLDAS in jSLE, even with long-term, low-dose corticosteroid use, seems to be an achievable goal in clinical practice.
Initial Clinical Experience with a Simple, Home System for Early Detection and Monitoring of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: The Foot Selfie
Authors: Swerdlow Mark , Shin Laura , D’Huyvetter Karen , Mack Wendy J. , Armstrong David G. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a leading cause of disability and morbidity. There is an unmet need for a simple, practical, home method to detect DFUs early and remotely monitor their healing. Method: We developed a simple, inexpensive, smartphone-based, “ Foot Selfie” system that enables patients to photograph the plantar surface of their feet without assistance and transmit images to a remote server. In a pilot study, patients from a limb-salvage clinic were asked to image their feet daily for six months and to evaluate the system by questionnaire at five time points. Transmitted results were reviewed weekly. Results: Fifteen patients (10 male) used the system after approximately 5 minutes of instruction. Participants uploaded images on a median of 76% of eligible study days. The system captured and transmitted diagnostic quality images of the entire plantar surface of both feet, permitting clinical-management decisions on a remote basis. We monitored 12 active wounds and 39 pre-ulcerative lesions (five wounds and 13 pre-ulcerative lesions at study outset); we observed healing of seven wounds and reversal of 20 pre-ulcerative lesions. Participants rated the system as useful, empowering, and preferable to their previous methods of foot screening. Conclusions: With minimal training, patients transmitted diagnostic-quality images from home on most days, allowing clinicians to review serial images. This system permits inexpensive home foot screening and monitoring of DFUs. Further studies are needed to determine whether it can reduce morbidity of DFUs and/or the associated cost of care. Artificial intelligence integration could improve scalability.
Identification of Dominant Bacteria Isolated From Periodontal Abscesses
Authors: Karacam Kubra , Demir Turgut , Baris Ozlem 
Published: November 2021

Aim: Various methods investigating the bacterial content causing periodontal abscesses have been applied in studies conducted until today. However, these studies have focused on periodontopathogens. Our study was carried out to research whether different pathogens other than the known periodontopathogens are present in periodontal abscess formation. Therefore, dominant bacterial samples obtained from the periodontal abscess content using the culture-dependent method were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained using a syringe or a periopaper from periodontal abscesses of 20 volunteers who met the research criteria. The three different bacterial colonies that were observed most intensely in each sample were selected and purified, and the isolates obtained were kept until the next characterization. Genomic DNA was isolated from each isolate; 16S rRNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and identified using DNA sequencing analyses. Results: As a result of culture-dependent methods, bacterial species belonging to Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Morococcus, Moraxella, and Enterococcus genera were isolated from a total of 60 bacterial isolates, three of which were the most densely growing colonies from each periodontal abscess sample. Conclusion: In our study, most of the bacterial species detected were identified for the first time in the bacterial content of periodontal abscesses. In some previously done studies, most of these bacteria species were shown to cause abscesses in different parts of the body. It was concluded that further studies are needed to determine the number and proportion of these bacteria species in total bacterial content to evaluate whether they cause periodontal abscesses.
Development of a prognostic signature of patients with esophagus adenocarcinoma by using immune-related genes
Authors: Zhang Xiangxin , Yang Liu , Kong Ming , Ma Jian , Wei Yutao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The immune-related genes (IRGs) are crucial to immunocytes tumor infiltration. This study aimed to construct a IRG-related prediction signature in EAC.

Methods
The related data of EAC patients and IRGs were obtained from the TCGA and ImmPort database, respectively. The cox regression analysis constructed the prediction signature and explored the transcription factors regulatory network through the Cistrome database. TIMER database and CIBERSORT analytical tool were utilized to explore the immunocytes infiltration analysis.

Results
The prediction signature with 12 IRGs (ADRM1, CXCL1, SEMG1, CCL26, CCL24, AREG, IL23A, UCN2, FGFR4, IL17RB, TNFRSF11A, and TNFRSF21) was constructed. Overall survival (OS) curves indicate that the survival rate of the high-risk group is significantly shorter than the low-risk group (P = 7.26e−07), and the AUC of 1-, 3- and 5- year survival prediction rates is 0.871, 0.924, and 0.961, respectively. Compared with traditional features, the ROC curve of the risk score in the EAC patients (0.967) is significant than T (0.57), N (0.738), M (0.568), and Stage (0.768). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis and Nomogram of risk score are indicated that the 1-year and 3-year survival rates of patients are accurate by the combined analysis of the risk score, Sex, M stage, and Stage (The AUC of 1- and 3-years are 0.911, and 0.853).

Conclusion
The 12 prognosis-related IRGs might be promising therapeutic targets for EAC.
Current practice of thoracic anaesthesia in Europe – a survey by the European Society of Anaesthesiology Part I – airway management and regional anaesthesia techniques
Authors: Defosse Jerome , Schieren Mark , Loop Torsten , von Dossow Vera , Wappler Frank , de Abreu Marcelo Gama , Gerbershagen Mark Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The scientific working group for “Anaesthesia in thoracic surgery” of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) has performed an online survey to assess the current standards of care and structural properties of anaesthesia workstations in thoracic surgery.

Methods
All members of the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) were invited to participate in the study.

Results
Thoracic anaesthesia was most commonly performed by specialists/board-certified anaesthetists and/or senior/attending physicians. Across Europe, the double lumen tube (DLT) was most commonly chosen as the primary device for lung separation (461/ 97.3%). Bronchial blockers were chosen less frequently (9/ 1.9%).
Throughout Europe, bronchoscopy was not consistently used to confirm correct double lumen tube positioning. Respondents from Eastern Europe (32/ 57.1%) frequently stated that there were not enough bronchoscopes available for every intrathoracic operation. A specific algorithm for difficult airway management in thoracic anaesthesia was available to only 18.6% (n = 88) of the respondents. Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is the most commonly used form of regional analgesia for thoracic surgery in Europe. Ultrasonography was widely available 93,8% (n = 412) throughout Europe and was predominantly used for central line placement and lung diagnostics.

Conclusions
While certain „gold standards “are widely met, there are also aspects of care requiring substantial improvement in thoracic anaesthesia throughout Europe.
Our data suggest that algorithms and standard operating procedures for difficult airway management in thoracic anaesthesia need to be established. A European recommendation for the basic requirements of an anaesthesia workstation for thoracic anaesthesia is expedient and desirable, to improve structural quality and patient safety.
Prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of Blastocystis spp. infection among pre- and perimenopausal women
Authors: Kosik-Bogacka Danuta , Lepczyńska Małgorzata , Kot Karolina , Szkup Małgorzata , Łanocha-Arendarczyk Natalia , Dzika Ewa , Grochans Elżbieta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlastocystisspp. are considered pathogenic or commensal organisms, although the majority of researchers suggest that these are neglected pathogens. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution ofBlastocystisspp. in pre- and perimenopausal women, with respect to socio-demographic (age and place of residence), and epidemiological factors, as well as drinking tap water, contact with domestic animals, traveling abroad, health status, and presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, the objective was to compare hematological and biochemical parameters ofBlastocystisspp. infected and uninfected women.MethodsThe study included 425 women aged 45–60. Their stool samples were examined microscopically and analyzed by a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR).ResultsBlastocystisspp. were detected in 6.1% of pre- and perimenopausal women. Molecular analysis of the stool samples identified sevenBlastocystissubtypes (ST1–ST4, ST6, ST7, and ST9).Blastocystissubtypes 2 and 3 were the most prevalent. The presence ofBlastocystisspp. was not significantly related to socio-demographic and epidemiological factors. There were also no significant associations betweenBlastocystisspp. and blood parameters, or gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionThis study complements the limited available data on the prevalence ofBlastocystisspp. in pre- and perimenopausal women. It is also the first report showing the presence ofBlastocystissubtype 9 in Poland.
The serotype distribution of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) carriage isolates among pregnant women having risk factors for early-onset GBS disease: a comparative study with GBS causing invasive infections during the same period in Denmark
Authors: Slotved Hans-Christian , Møller Jens Kjølseth , Khalil Mohammad Rohi , Nielsen Stine Yde 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
We describe the serotype distribution of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) carriage isolates from women in labor and among GBS isolates causing invasive infections during the same period to see if the distribution of carriage serotypes reflects the GBS serotypes causing invasive diseases including early-onset disease (EOGBS).

Methods
Data on invasive isolates from 2019 including serotype, erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibility was retrieved from the Danish national reference laboratory, Statens Serum Institut. Carriage isolates were collected from women with risk factors for EOGBS enrolled at delivery at the maternity ward at a Danish University Hospital, first half of 2019.

Results
Among carriage isolates, the dominant serotype was IX (21 %) followed by serotype III (19 %). The resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 21 and 26 %, respectively. Among invasive GBS isolates, no case of EOGBS with serotype IX was detected but the distribution of serotypes were otherwise similar to the GBS carrier strains. The corresponding resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 23  and 15 %, respectively. Penicillin resistance was not detected among carriage nor invasive isolates.

Conclusions
The distribution of serotypes among carriage and invasive GBS reflects the assumption that EOGBS occur following transmission of GBS from mother to newborn, with the exception of serotype IX.