bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions during a Saharan dust event – A summertime case‐study from the Alps
Authors: Eirund Gesa K. , Drossaart van Dusseldorp Saskia , Brem Benjamin T. , Dedekind Zane , Karrer Yves , Stoll Marco , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChanges in the ambient aerosol concentration are known to affect the microphysical properties of clouds. Especially regarding precipitation formation, increasing aerosol concentrations are assumed to delay the precipitation onset, but may increase precipitation rates via convective invigoration and orographic spillover further downstream. In this study, we analyse the effect of increased aerosol concentrations on a heavy precipitation event observed in summer 2017 over northeastern Switzerland, an event which was considerably underestimated by the operational weather forecast model. Preceding the precipitation event, Saharan dust was advected towards the Alps, which could have contributed to increased precipitation rates north of the Alpine ridge. To investigate the potential impact of the increased ambient aerosol concentrations on surface precipitation, we perform a series of sensitivity simulations using the Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling (COSMO) model with different microphysical parametrizations and prognostic aerosol perturbations. The results show that the choice of the microphysical parametrization scheme in terms of a one‐ or two‐moment scheme has the relatively largest impact on surface precipitation rates. In the one‐moment scheme, surface precipitation is strongly reduced over the Alpine ridge and increased further downstream. Simulated changes in surface precipitation in response to aerosol perturbations remain smaller in contrast to the impact of the microphysics scheme. Elevated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations lead to increased cloud water and decreased cloud ice mass, especially in regions of high convective activity south of the Alps. These altered cloud properties indeed increase surface precipitation further downstream, but the simulated change is too small to explain the observed heavy precipitation event. Additional ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) increase cloud ice mass, but only trigger local changes in downstream surface precipitation. Thus, increased aerosol number concentrations during the Saharan dust outbreak are unlikely to have caused the heavy precipitation event in summer 2017.
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of retro‐carotenoids
Authors: Schex Roland , Schweiggert Ralf , Steingass Christof B. 
Published: December 2021

RationaleThe single and double bonds of the polyene chain of the studied retro‐carotenoids are located at the neighboring positions compared to those of regular carotenoids. Our mass spectrometry approach targeted at facilitating the characterization of retro‐carotenoids as their structural diversity in nature is not yet fully elucidated. Moreover, extended π‐electron systems endow several retro‐carotenoids with exceptional colors from golden‐orange to vibrant red that stimulate the food industry’s interest.MethodsAtmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (APCI‐QTOF‐HRMS) experiments of the three structurally related retro‐carotenoids rhodoxanthin, eschscholtzxanthone, and eschscholtzxanthin were performed to elucidate the formation of specific ion species compared to those of the common carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. Mass fragmentations of the aforementioned retro‐carotenoids were unraveled using APCI‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the negative and positive ion modes.ResultsAbundant in‐source fragment ions [M + H − H2O]+ of eschscholtzxanthin and eschscholtzxanthone were formed in the positive ion mode owing to the loss of water at the hydroxylated ε‐rings. Eliminations of the ε‐rings at the characteristic exocyclic double bonds at C‐6,7 and C‐6′,7′ were observed after the resonance‐stabilized loss of water. Distinct product ions were yielded for all retro‐carotenoids assessed because of the cleavage at their typical central single bond at C‐15,15′.ConclusionsDetailed APCI‐QTOF‐HRMS analyses enabled a highly accurate detection of the most abundant ion species and respective signal intensity ratios of retro‐carotenoids, facilitating their further screening and reliable identification in natural sources. Mass fragmentations of the studied retro‐carotenoids were found to be substantially impacted by the extraordinary configuration of their polyene backbone.
Laboratory‐based testing for hepatitis C infection using dried blood spot samples: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Carty Paul G. , McCarthy Michael , O’Neill Sinéad M. , De Gascun Cillian F. , Harrington Patricia , O’Neill Michelle , Smith Susan M. , Teljeur Conor , Ryan Mairin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of dried blood spot (DBS) samples can facilitate the implementation of reflex testing by circumventing the need for centrifugation and freezing of venous blood samples. This systematic review assessed the accuracy of using DBS samples to diagnose chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify articles published up to July 2020 evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of anti‐HCV, HCV‐RNA and HCV core antigen tests using DBS. Screening, data extraction, quality appraisal and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations certainty of the evidence assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Meta‐analysis, meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The evidence demonstrates that laboratory‐based anti‐HCV and HCV‐RNA tests using DBS samples have high diagnostic accuracy. All comparisons were between DBS and venous samples. For the detection of anti‐HCV, sensitivity was 95% (95% CI: 92%–97%) and specificity was 99% ([95% CI: 98%–99%]; n = 25; I2 = 81%; moderate certainty). For the detection of HCV‐RNA, the sensitivity was 95% (95% CI: 93%–97%) and specificity was 97% ([95% CI: 94%–98%]; n = 20; I2 = 52%; moderate certainty). The sensitivity of HCV core antigen tests was 86% (95% CI: 79%–91%) and specificity was 98% ([95% CI: 94%–99%]; n = 5; I2 = 37%; low certainty) compared with HCV‐RNA (the gold standard for detecting chronic HCV). DBS samples could facilitate diagnosis of chronic HCV infection as the necessary sequential tests (anti‐HCV and then HCV‐RNA or HCV core antigen) can be undertaken using the same blood sample. This could reduce loss of patient follow‐up and support international efforts towards HCV elimination in both high and low prevalence settings.
Dynamic event‐triggered control for Markovian jump linear systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Zhao Hui , Li Weidong , Li Zhicheng , Ren Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, the problem of dynamic event‐triggered control (ETC) for Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs) with time‐varying delay is investigated. First, the original system is transformed into an interconnection system with input–output form. Then, the dynamic ETC is proposed to reduce the transmission frequency. Meanwhile, the conditions of stochastic stability are proposed by constructing a novel stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using the scaled stochastic small‐gain theorem. Further, the controller design method is presented to stabilize the closed‐loop MJLSs with time‐varying delay. The merit of this article lies in that the conservatism for stability results is reduced and the transmission efficiency is improved by reducing the event‐triggered times, which is made possible by designing dynamic ETC. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Augmented flexible least squares algorithm for time‐varying parameter systems
Authors: Chen Jing , Guo Liuxiao , Hu Manfeng , Gan Min , Zhu Quanmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study proposes an augmented flexible least squares (FLS) algorithm for time‐varying parameter systems. The parameter estimates, obtained by minimizing the squared residual measurement and dynamic errors, can catch the true values through a penalized term/weight. The algorithm associated properties are analyzed accordingly. By absorbing all into time varying parameters, the algorithm can convert complex nonlinear processes into various linear relations in time varying parameters. Thus, it can be extended to many kinds of systems. Compared to the classical FLS algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this article has less computational efforts and concise structures. To show the effectiveness of the algorithm and help the readers to follow systematically, this study provides several simulation examples.
Xylobiose and Xylotriose Production from Alkali Soluble Defatted Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Using Endoxylanase from Neocallimastix partriciarum
Authors: Jaichakan Pannapapol , Thongsook Tipawan , Nakphaichit Massalin , Wattanasiritham Ladda Sangduean , Phongthai Suphat , Pattarapisitporn Alisa , Utama‐ang Niramon , Laokuldilok Thunnop , Klangpetch Wannaporn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProduction of defatted rice bran arabinoxylan (DRB‐AX) from defatted rice bran (DRB) is maximized using alkali extraction. Conversion of DRB‐AX into xylooligosaccharide (XOS) by endoxylanase from Neocallimastix partriciarum, and refining enzymatic XOS liquor using activated carbon are also investigated. Chemical composition analysis of DRB indicates the richness of nutrients at 60.76% carbohydrate, 10.42% protein, and 32.69% total dietary fiber. Alkali extraction performed at 2.5 M NaOH solution for 12 h is the optimal condition to produce DRB‐AX, with a crude yield of 52.82 g 100 g−1 containing 26.96% arabinoxylan, 26.07% arabinose, and 21.42% xylose with arabinose/xylose ratio 1.22. Endoxylanase from N. partriciarum partially hydrolyzes DRB‐AX at 50 °C, pH 6.0 at enzyme concentration of 80 U g−1 substrate for 24 h. This enzymatic XOS production design yields 26.67 ± 0.69 mg g−1 DRB. Xylobiose and xylotriose including an unknown saccharide are short chain oligomer products. Refining XOS from DRB with 15% (w/v) activated carbon recover 55.7% (w/w) of initial XOS. Hence, DRB can be used as an alternative highly branched arabinoxylan source for novel substituted XOS production.
The hierarchy of Davydov's Ansätze and its applications
Authors: Zhao Yang , Sun Kewei , Chen Lipeng , Gelin Maxim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis review provides a bird's eye view over the development of the hierarchy of Davydov's Ansätze and its applications in a variety of problems in computational physical chemistry. Davydov's original solitons appeared in the 1970s as a candidate for vibrational energy carriers in proteins, thanks to their association with the Fröhlich Hamiltonian and the Holstein molecular crystal model. Momentum‐space projection of those solitary waves emerged to be great approximations to the ground‐state wave functions of the extended Holstein Hamiltonian, lending unambiguous evidence to the absence of formal quantum phase transitions in those systems. The multiple Davydov Ansätze are introduced, with increasing multiplicity, as incremental improvements of their corresponding single‐Ansatz parents. The time‐dependent variational formalism of Davydov's Ansätze is discussed in great detail, and the relative deviation of the Ansätze is constructed to quantify how faithfully they follow the Schrödinger equation, a quantity that is shown to vanish in the limit of large multiplicities. Three approaches to finite‐temperature variational dynamics of Davydov's Ansätze are demonstrated, namely, the Monte Carlo importance sampling, the method of thermo‐field dynamics, and the method of displaced number states. Applications of Davydov's Ansätze are given to variants of the spin‐boson model, the Landau–Zener transition, the Holstein Hamiltonian, energy transfer in light‐harvesting, and singlet fission in organic photovoltaics. As an example, simulation of multidimensional spectroscopic signals via Davydov's Ansätze is fully implemented for the finite‐temperature fission process in crystalline rubrene.This article is categorized under:
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Software > Simulation Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Fungal diversity on brewery filling hall surfaces and quality control samples
Authors: Sohlberg Elina , Sarlin Tuija , Juvonen Riikka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreweries produce an increasing selection of beer and nonbeer beverages. Yeast and filamentous fungi may compromise quality and safety of these products in several ways. Recent studies on fungal communities in breweries are scarce and mostly conducted with culture‐dependent methods. We explored fungal diversity in the production of alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages in four breweries. Samples were taken for next generation sequencing (NGS) at the key contamination sites in 10 filling lines. Moreover, fungal isolates were identified in 68 quality control samples taken from raw materials, filling line surfaces, air, and products. NGS gave a comprehensive view of fungal diversity on filling line surfaces. The surface‐attached communities mainly contained ascomycetous fungi. Depending on the site, the dominant genera included Candida, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora, Zygosaccharomyces, Alternaria, Didymella, and Exophiala. Sanger sequencing revealed 28 and 27 species of yeast and filamentous fungi, respectively, among 91 isolates. The most common species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and Wickerhamomuces anomalus were detected throughout production. Filling line surface and air samples showed the greatest diversity of yeast and filamentous fungi, respectively. The isolates of the most common yeast genera Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces, and Wickerhamomyces showed low spoilage abilities in carbonated, chemically preserved drinks but could grow in products with reduced hurdles. Preservative resistant yeasts were rare, belonging to the species Dekkera bruxellensis, Pichia manschurica, and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Penicillium spp. were dominant filamentous fungi. The results of this study help to evaluate spoilage risks caused by fungal contaminants detected in breweries.
Dissecting the collinear structure of quark splitting at NNLL
Authors: Dasgupta Mrinal , El-Menoufi Basem Kamal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We explore the collinear limit of final-state quark splittings at order $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

. While at general NLL level, this limit is described simply by a product of leading-order 1 → 2 DGLAP splitting functions, at the NNLL level we need to consider 1 → 3 splitting functions. Here, by performing suitable integrals of the triple-collinear splitting functions, we demonstrate how one may extract $$ {\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}}_2^q(z) $$

ℬ
2
q

z

, a differential version of the coefficient $$ {\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}}_2^q $$

ℬ
2
q

that enters the quark form factor at NNLL and governs the intensity of collinear radiation from a quark. The variable z corresponds to the quark energy fraction after an initial 1 → 2 splitting, and our results yield effective higher-order splitting functions, which may be considered as a step towards the construction of NNLL parton showers. Further, while in the limit z → 1 we recover the standard soft limit results involving the CMW coupling with scale kt, the z dependence we obtain also motivates the extension of the notion of a physical coupling beyond the soft limit.
Modularity of supersymmetric partition functions
Authors: Gadde Abhijit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We discover a modular property of supersymmetric partition functions of supersymmetric theories with R-symmetry in four dimensions. This modular property is, in a sense, the generalization of the modular invariance of the supersymmetric partition function of two-dimensional supersymmetric theories on a torus i.e. of the elliptic genus. The partition functions in question are on manifolds homeomorphic to the ones obtained by gluing solid tori. Such gluing involves the choice of a large diffeomorphism of the boundary torus, along with the choice of a large gauge transformation for the background flavor symmetry connections, if present. Our modular property is a manifestation of the consistency of the gluing procedure. The modular property is used to rederive a supersymmetric Cardy formula for four dimensional gauge theories that has played a key role in computing the entropy of supersymmetric black holes. To be concrete, we work with four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric theories but we expect versions of our result to apply more widely to supersymmetric theories in other dimensions.
Model systems in SDHx-related pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma
Authors: Takács-Vellai Krisztina , Farkas Zsolt , Ősz Fanni , Stewart Gordon W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) (together PPGL) are tumors with poor outcomes that arise from neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal gland, and sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia outside the adrenal gland, respectively. Many follow germline mutations in genes coding for subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a tetrameric enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that both converts succinate to fumarate and participates in electron transport. GermlineSDHsubunitB(SDHB) mutations have a high metastatic potential. Herein, we review the spectrum of model organisms that have contributed hugely to our understanding of SDH dysfunction. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast), succinate accumulation inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes leading to DNA demethylation. In the wormCaenorhabditis elegans, mutated SDH creates developmental abnormalities, metabolic rewiring, an energy deficit and oxygen hypersensitivity (the latter is also found inDrosophila melanogaster). In the zebrafishDanio rerio,sdhbmutants display a shorter lifespan with defective energy metabolism. Recently,SDHB-deficient pheochromocytoma has been cultivated in xenografts and has generated cell lines, which can be traced back to a heterozygousSDHB-deficient rat. We propose that a combination of such models can be efficiently and effectively used in both pathophysiological studies and drug-screening projects in order to find novel strategies in PPGL treatment.
The role of the metabolite cargo of extracellular vesicles in tumor progression
Authors: Harmati Mária , Bukva Mátyás , Böröczky Tímea , Buzás Krisztina , Gyukity-Sebestyén Edina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetabolomic reprogramming in tumor and stroma cells is a hallmark of cancer but understanding its effects on the metabolite composition and function of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is still in its infancy. EVs are membrane-bound sacs with a complex molecular composition secreted by all living cells. They are key mediators of intercellular communication both in normal and pathological conditions and play a crucial role in tumor development. Although lipids are major components of EVs, most of the EV cargo studies have targeted proteins and nucleic acids. The potential of the EV metabolome as a source for biomarker discovery has gained recognition recently, but knowledge on the biological activity of tumor EV metabolites still remains limited. Therefore, we aimed (i) to compile the list of metabolites identified in tumor EVs isolated from either clinical specimens or in vitro samples and (ii) describe their role in tumor progression through literature search and pathway analysis.
Managing Marine Mammals and Fisheries: A Calibrated Programming Model for the Seal-Fishery Interaction in Sweden
Authors: Jansson Torbjörn , Waldo Staffan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a model based on the concept of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) that is useful for ex-ante analyses of how policy measures affect commercial fisheries. PMP models are frequently used in agriculture, but rarely for analyzing fisheries. Fisheries often face a large set of constraints such as effort regulations and catch quotas of which some might be binding and others not. An econometric approach is developed for calibrating models with both binding and non-binding constraints. The interaction between seals and Swedish fisheries is used as an empirical application. Seal interaction is modeled as seals predating fish from passive gear (nets and hooks), which is primarily an issue for the coastal fishery. The model contains 24 fleet segments involved in 247 different fishing activities in 2012. The results show that if no further management action is taken, fisheries using passive gear will reduce their activities from about 46 000 days at sea per year to about 41 000 and reducing their economic performance from losses of about 2 million Euros to about 3.3 million. The impact from seals can be reduced by reducing the seal population or providing economic compensation.
Employment Sustainability for People with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Taubner Helena , Tideman Magnus , Staland Nyman Carin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose Previous reviews about employment for people with intellectual disability (ID) have left questions about employment sustainability unanswered. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify and analyse research regarding employment sustainability for people with ID. The research questions were: What research about employment sustainability for people with ID has been published internationally between 2010 and 2020? In the identified studies, how is employment sustainability defined and measured and what are the main findings regarding employment sustainability? Methods A systematic review was conducted using eight databases from various disciplines including medical, health, and social sciences. After a selection process, 10 articles remained, and a framework matrix was created to analyse them. An employment sustainability definition was used as an analytical tool. Results Ten articles were identified as being about employment sustainability for people with ID. Five of them used qualitative designs and five used quantitative designs. Only four out of ten contained a definition of employment sustainability, and there was an inconsistency in measurement methods. The reported findings in the studied articles were categorised into three types: proportions of long-term employed individuals within the studied population, facilitators and barriers to long-term employment. Conclusions There is only a limited amount of research about employment sustainability for people with ID. Nevertheless, a few facilitators and barriers could be identified. There is no consensus about how to define or measure employment sustainability, making comparisons difficult.
Revealing the counterfactuals: molinism, stubbornness, and deception
Authors: Moravec Matyáš 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that the possibility of revealing counterfactuals of creaturely freedom to agents in possible worlds forming part of God’s natural knowledge poses a new problem for Molinism. This problem best comes to light when considering the phenomenon of stubbornness, i.e., the conscious refusal of fulfilling the providential plan revealed to and intended for us by another agent. The reason why this problem has gone unnoticed is that the usual instances of prophecy dealt with by Molinists (especially the story of Peter’s denial) are highly specific cases. These cases are special for three reasons: (1) because the content of the revelations does not include the relevant counterfactuals of creaturely freedom, (2) because the specific revelation plays no causal role in the immediate circumstances of the action that the agent is performing, and (3) because the agent is not intent on consciously refusing the providential plan intended by the relevant counterfactual. I explore possible worlds where one or more of these three conditions do not obtain and demonstrate the consequences these possible worlds have for Molinists.