bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenate—An internal chemical shift standard for aqueous 77Se NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Pálla Tamás , Herbath Laura , Mazák Károly , Mirzahosseini Arash , Noszál Béla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 77Se NMR spectra of selenate were studied under various circumstances, such as concentration, pH, temperature, ionic strength, and D2O:H2O ratio, in order to examine its potential as a water‐soluble internal chemical shift standard. The performance of selenate as a chemical shift reference and that of other attempted ones from the literature (dimethyl selenide, tetramethylsilane/TMS, and 3‐(trimethylsilyl)propane‐1‐sulfonate/DSS) was also explored. The uncertainty in the resulting chemical shift relative to the effective spectral width is comparable to that of DSS. Compared to the currently prevalent water‐soluble external chemical shift reference, selenic acid solution, the properties of internal selenate are much more favorable in terms of ease of use. We have also demonstrated that selenate can be used in reducing media, which is inevitable for the analysis of selenol compounds. Thus, it can be stated that sodium selenate is a robust internal chemical shift reference in aqueous media for 77Se NMR measurements; the chemical shift of this reference in a solution containing 5 V/V% D2O at 25°C and 0.15 mol·dm−3 ionic strength is 1048.65 ppm relative to 60 V/V% dimethyl selenide in CDCl3 and 1046.40 ppm relative to the 1H signal of 0.03 V/V% TMS in CDCl3. In summary, a water‐soluble, selenium‐containing internal chemical shift reference compound was introduced for 77Se NMR measurements for the first time in the literature, and with the aforementioned results all previous 77Se measurements can be converted to a unified scale defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Displacement current distribution on a high dielectric constant helmet and its effect on RF field at 10.5 T (447 MHz)
Authors: Gandji Navid P. , Sica Christopher T. , Lanagan Michael T. , Woo Myung‐Kyun , DelaBarre Lance , Radder Jerahmie , Zhang Bei , Lattanzi Riccardo , Adriany Gregor , Ugurbil Kamil , Yang Qing X. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeInvestigating the designs and effects of high dielectric constant (HDC) materials in the shape of a conformal helmet on the enhancement of RF field and reduction of specific absorption rate at 10.5 T for human brain studies.MethodsA continuous and a segmented four‐piece HDC helmet fit to a human head inside an eight‐channel fractionated‐dipole array were constructed and studied with a phantom and a human head model using computer electromagnetic simulations. The simulated transmit efficiency and receive sensitivity were experimentally validated using a phantom with identical electric properties and helmet‐coil configurations of the computer model. The temporal and spatial distributions of displacement currents on the HDC helmets were analyzed.ResultsUsing the continuous HDC helmet, simulation results in the human head model demonstrated an average transmit efficiency enhancement of 66%. A propagating displacement current was induced on the continuous helmet, leading to an inhomogeneous RF field enhancement in the brain. Using the segmented four‐piece helmet design to reduce this effect, an average 55% and 57% enhancement in the transmit efficiency and SNR was achieved in human head, respectively, along with 8% and 28% reductions in average and maximum local specific absorption rate.ConclusionThe HDC helmets enhanced the transmit efficiency and SNR of the dipole array coil in the human head at 10.5 T. The segmentation of the helmet to disrupt the continuity of circumscribing displacement currents in the helmet produced a more uniform distribution of the transmit field and lower specific absorption rate in the human head compared with the continuous helmet design.
The PHU‐NET: A robust phase unwrapping method for MRI based on deep learning
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Cheng Chuanli , Peng Hao , Liang Dong , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Zou Chao 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis work was aimed at designing a deep‐learning‐based approach for MR image phase unwrapping to improve the robustness and efficiency of traditional methods.MethodsA deep learning network called PHU‐NET was designed for MR phase unwrapping. In this network, a novel training data generation method was proposed to simulate the wrapping patterns in MR phase images. The wrapping boundary and wrapping counts were explicitly estimated and used for network training. The proposed method was quantitatively evaluated and compared to other methods using a number of simulated datasets with varying signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and MR phase images from various parts of the human body.ResultsThe results showed that our method performed better in the simulated data even under an extremely low SNR. The proposed method had less residual wrapping in the images from various parts of human body and worked well in the presence of severe anatomical discontinuity. Our method was also advantageous in terms of computational efficiency compared to the traditional methods.ConclusionThis work proposed a robust and computationally efficient MR phase unwrapping method based on a deep learning network, which has promising performance in applications using MR phase information.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe multi‐slice imaging of the human brain using a 3D gradient echo pulse sequence
Authors: Grynko Vira , Shepelytskyi Yurii , Li Tao , Hassan Ayman , Granberg Karl , Albert Mitchell S. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo demonstrate the possibility of performing multi‐slice in‐vivo human brain MRI using hyperpolarized (HP) xenon‐129 (129Xe) in two different orientations and to calculate the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).MethodsTwo healthy female participants were imaged during a single breath‐hold of HP 129Xe using a Philips Achieva 3.0T MRI scanner (Philips, Andover, MA). Each HP 129Xe multi‐slice brain image was acquired during separate HP 129Xe breath‐holds using 3D gradient echo (GRE) imaging. The acquisition started 10 s after the inhalation of 1 L of HP 129Xe. Overall, four sagittal and three axial images were acquired (seven imaging sessions per participant). The SNR was calculated for each slice in both orientations.ResultsThe first ever HP 129Xe multi‐slice images of the brain were acquired in axial and sagittal orientations. The HP 129Xe signal distribution correlated well with the gray matter distribution. The highest SNR values were close in the axial and sagittal orientations (19.46 ± 3.25 and 18.76 ± 4.94, respectively). Additionally, anatomical features, such as the ventricles, were observed in both orientations.ConclusionThe possibility of using multi‐slice HP 129Xe human brain magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated for the first time. HP 129Xe multi‐slice MRI can be implemented for brain imaging to improve current diagnostic methods.
Development of a spiral spin‐ and gradient‐echo (spiral‐SAGE) approach for improved multi‐parametric dynamic contrast neuroimaging
Authors: Stokes Ashley M. , Ragunathan Sudarshan , Robison Ryan K. , Fuentes Alberto , Bell Laura C. , Karis John P. , Pipe James G. , Quarles C. Chad 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a spiral‐based combined spin‐ and gradient‐echo (spiral‐SAGE) method for simultaneous dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE‐MRI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC‐MRI).MethodsUsing this sequence, we obtained gradient‐echo TEs of 1.69 and 26 ms, a SE TE of 87.72 ms, with a TR of 1663 ms. Using an iterative SENSE reconstruction followed by deblurring, spiral‐induced image artifacts were minimized. Healthy volunteer images are shown to demonstrate image quality using the optimized reconstruction, as well as for comparison with EPI‐based SAGE. A bioreactor phantom was used to compare dynamic‐contrast time courses with both spiral‐SAGE and EPI‐SAGE. A proof‐of‐concept cohort of patients with brain tumors shows the range of hemodynamic maps available using spiral‐SAGE.ResultsComparison of spiral‐SAGE images with conventional EPI‐SAGE images illustrates substantial reductions of image distortion and artifactual image intensity variations. Bioreactor phantom data show similar dynamic contrast time courses between standard EPI‐SAGE and spiral‐SAGE for the second and third echoes, whereas first‐echo data show improvements in quantifying T1 changes with shorter echo times. In a cohort of patients with brain tumors, spiral‐SAGE–based perfusion and permeability maps are shown with comparison with the standard single‐echo EPI perfusion map.ConclusionSpiral‐SAGE provides a substantial improvement for the assessment of perfusion and permeability by mitigating artifacts typically encountered with EPI and by providing a shorter echo time for improved characterization of permeability. Spiral‐SAGE enables quantification of perfusion, permeability, and vessel architectural parameters, as demonstrated in brain tumors.
First Evidence of the Efficacy of Extensive Culture of Longfin Dace as a Replacement for Nonnative Baitfish in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Oliver Devon C. , Loubere Alexander D. , Mann Ryan D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The production, distribution, and sale of live baitfish represent a multimillion dollar industry in the United States. However, production is often limited by the feasibility of culture and few species are profitable. In turn, distribution often occurs well outside of a profitable species’ natural range. Beyond the concern of nonnative species introductions, live baitfish can introduce or spread diseases, resulting in negative ecological consequences. As a result, Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) wanted to evaluate the feasibility of using a species native to Arizona and southwestern North America that is abundant with a wide regional distribution to meet current commercial needs for small-bodied baitfish in Arizona. An internal AZGFD team had identified Longfin Dace Agosia chrysogaster as a potential candidate baitfish species due to its low conservation threat, wide distribution in Arizona, and optimal body size (i.e., similar to that of current nonnative baitfish). The goal of this study was to provide a proof-of-concept of Longfin Dace culture to meet current small-bodied baitfish needs in Arizona. To meet this goal, we investigated the efficacy of extensive pond culture of Longfin Dace during 2017–2019 as an option for the replacement of nonnative baitfish. Extensive culture of Longfin Dace resulted in a 21–23-fold population increase over the course of a year in 2018. Additionally, based on length-frequency distributions, multiple generations were produced in one year. We conclude that the propagation of Longfin Dace via pond culture to replace nonnative, small-bodied baitfish is potentially viable. However, the lack of information on carrying capacity and optimized pond characteristics for the pond culture of Longfin Dace should be addressed in the future.
Spherical cavity expansion in porous rock considering plasticity and damage
Authors: Huang Linchong , Liang Jiguan , Ma Jianjun , Yang Hongwei , Gui Yilin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn rock engineering, damage evolution upon loading imposes significant impacts on the stiffness of rock mass and its deformation characteristics. In order to investigate the influence of both damage and plasticity on cavity expansion, a plastic damage solution is derived for undrained spherical cavity expansion in rock medium. For the consideration of plasticity‐damage, Modified Cam‐Clay (MCC) model is selected as the plasticity driver, a damage evolution criterion is adopted and coupled with MCC. The coupled damage MCC model is validated against experimental data in the literature. The proposed cavity expansion solution with the consideration of plasticity damage is verified through a classic solution in literature. The role of damage in undrained spherical cavity expansion is investigated by studying the spatial variations of effective stress, pore pressure and damage for cases with different stress ratios. Distribution of cavity expansion induced plastic and damage zones for cases with different stress ratios are also reproduced and discussed. Cavity expansion results show that, the damage zone should be considered for engineering application as the plastic zone is affected due to the damage evolution. In addition, the stability (e.g., radial stress) of rock mass is overestimated in classical solution without the consideration of damage zone.
Investigation of aminolysis routes on PET fabrics using different amine‐based materials
Authors: Lorusso Emanuela , Feng Ying , Schneider Jessica , Kamps Leonie , Parasothy Nirtharsan , Mayer‐Gall Thomas , Gutmann Jochen S. , Ali Wael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, functionalization of PET fabrics with amino groups was achieved by aminolysis. Aminolysis routes were explored using different amine‐based materials including ethylenediamine (EDA), triaminotriethylamine (TAEA) and (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS), (3‐trimethoxy‐silylpropyl)diethylentriamine (TRIAMO) in addition to amino‐functionalized silica nanoparticles as amino‐silane based reagents. The samples were deeply characterized by SEM, AFM, and XPS. Abrasion and tensile tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the modified fabrics. Results showed that aminolysis conducted with EDA and TAEA as amino based reagents lower the performances of PET, while dense coatings can be deposited on the fibres by amino silane‐based reagents that act as protective layers. APTMS modified PET presented improved abrasion resistance compared to the native PET. The antibacterial activity of the PET surfaces functionalized with the different amino groups was also evaluated using the gram‐negative bacterium A. fischeri antibacterial assay. The results showed improved antibacterial performances of the native textile treated with APTMS and TAEA based reagents.
Preparation of electrosprayed composite coated microporous filter for particulate matter capture
Authors: Peng Qingyan , Yang Kai , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Tan Xiaodong , Xiong Xiaoman , Novotna Jana , Karpiskova Jana , Hruza Jakub , Stuchlík Martin , Militky Jiri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParticulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5.) pollution is a serious threat to human health. In this paper, we firstly used electrospraying technology to fabricate composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/expanded graphite (EG) coated spun‐bond polypropylene (PP) microporous filters that show tremendous potential for its use as an effective PM 2.5. capture medium. The surface morphology, the surface area, the surficial chemical structure, the hydrophobicity, the antifouling ability, the mechanical property, the air permeability, and the filtration efficiency (FE) of the prepared composite PTFE/EG coated microporous filters were investigated. It is found that with the increase of EG content, the surface area of the filter tended to increase, and the pore size decreased correspondingly. Physical adhesion between the PTFE or PTFE/EG and the PP fabric is found. The composite PTFE/EG coated spun‐bond PP microporous filter exhibits an excellent hydrophobicity and antifouling ability. Compared with the original spun bond PP, the FE of the composite PTFE/EG coated spun bond PP microporous filter for PM 2.5. is significantly increased from 52.18% to 85.00%, and the quality factor (QF) increases from 0.0238 to 0.0431. These results indicate that the composite PTFE/EG coated spun‐bond PP microporous filter is an excellent material for PM 2.5. capture.
Additive ram material extrusion and diddling of fully compounded thermoset nitrile rubber
Authors: Kazmer David O. , Kodra Stiven , Mubasshir Abdullah A. , Keaney Erin E. , Mead Joey L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA ram extruder is described for high‐pressure extrusion of fully compounded thermoset rubber to achieve additive manufacturing. The extruder uses a piston driven by a geared stepper motor to provide volumetric displacement of the rubber charge residing in a temperature‐controlled barrel. Along with activators, accelerators, and a vulcanizing agent, the rubber compound is a formulation of 30 parts carbon black per hundred parts nitrile rubber. Sets of serpentine patterns are printed in parallel and transverse orientations relative to the load direction. From printing to post‐cure, the printed specimens exhibited linear shrinkage of 65% in the print direction. Although printed samples had relatively low void content compared with typical additively manufactured parts by material extrusion, significant decreases in the tensile properties were observed relative to compression‐molded specimens of the same rubber compound. The mean strain to failure was observed as 462% for compression‐molded samples, compared with 347% and 183% for printed specimens with parallel and transverse orientations. To reduce the shrinkage and increase the interfacial area between extruded roads, backstitch and sinewave diddling patterns were implemented to superimpose oscillatory motions along the print path with a periodicity of 1 mm. The specimens printed with the diddling patterns were observed to provide less shrinkage and improved properties compared to the regular serpentine patterns. The mean strain to failure in the transverse orientation, respectively, increased to 218% and 265% for the backstitch and sinewave patterns. Suggested future research is discussed, and the diddling program is provided in the appendix.
Crashworthiness analysis and multi‐objective optimization of Al/CFRP tubes with induced holes
Authors: Shun Wang , Qi‐hua Ma , Xue‐hui Gan , Tian‐jun Zhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReasonable design of induced holes on thin‐walled structure is beneficial to enhance the crashworthy performance of the structure. In order to improve the crashworthiness of Al/carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) tube, the effect of induced holes on the Al/CFRP thin‐walled structure was studied, and the Al/CFRP tube configuration with better overall crashworthiness was obtained by multi‐objective optimization design method. First, the quasi‐static axial compression tests were carried out on the intact Al/CFRP tube and the Al/CFRP tube with induced holes, and a numerical model validated by the experiment was established. Second, the parameters of the induced hole were studied numerically to explore the influence of the induced holes on the crashworthiness of the Al/CFRP tube. It was found that the diameter and number of the induced hole had a great influence on the crashworthiness and energy absorption (EA) capacity. Finally, the multi‐objective optimization was performed to optimize the parameters of the induced holes by integrating the Kriging model technique and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). Compared the optimal design with the intact Al/CFRP tube, the first peak load is reduced by 24.32% and the specific EA is slightly improved by 0.68%.
Effect of pendant groups on the blood compatibility and hydration states of poly(2‐oxazoline)s
Authors: Liu Shichen , Kobayashi Shingo , Nishimura Shin‐nosuke , Ueda Tomoya , Tanaka Masaru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMeOx), poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx), poly(2‐n‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PBuOx), and poly(2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PPhOx) are selected as poly(2‐oxazoline) (POX) models to study the effect of pendant groups on their blood compatibility and hydration states. A comprehension of this can provide a perspective for understanding the biocompatibility of PMeOx and PEtOx in water‐polymer interactions and may inspire the development of novel blood‐compatible POX derivatives. The aforementioned four POXs are grafted onto glass substrates via photo‐grafting, and their blood compatibility is estimated via platelet adhesion and the degree of denaturation of the adsorbed fibrinogen. The hydration states of the POXs are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. Intermediate water is found to be present in hydrated PMeOx and PEtOx, but is observed to be scarce in hydrated PBuOx and PPhOx. This could be the reason for the biocompatibility of PMeOx and PEtOx. The carbonyl groups in PMeOx and PEtOx can be fully hydrated. However, in PBuOx and PPhOx, water mainly exists as bulk water. The hydration of the carbonyl groups is hindered by the bulky side chains, and IW cannot be generated.
Geographical barriers to timely diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and anxiety level of parents during newborn screening in Turkey
Authors: Gokdemir Yasemin , Eyuboglu Tuğba Sismanlar , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Er Berrin , Sen Velat , Pekcan Sevgi , Ergenekon Almala Pınar , Hizal Mina Gharibzadeh , Eryilmaz Sanem , Kose Mehmet , Hangul Melih , Cakir Erkan , Cokugras Haluk , Kılınc Ayse Ayzıt , Sasıhuseyinoglu Ayse Senay , Altintas Derya Ufuk , Gulen Figen , Eski Aykut , Bingol Aysen , Ozdemir Ali , Topal Erdem , Gursoy Tugba Ramaslı , Girit Saniye , Ay Pınar , Yılmaz Ozge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the availability of cystic fibrosis (CF) screening countrywide, diagnostic delay is still a crucial issue. The objectives of this study were to explore the stages of the NBS process, determine the risk factors associated with diagnostic delay and evaluate parent anxiety and experience throughout the process.MethodsThis is a multicenter cross‐sectional study. A questionnaire was completed by parents of newborns diagnosed with CF via NBS in 17 centers. Socio‐demographic characteristics, parent knowledge and experiences related to NBS, sweat test availability in the region of residence, and time to the definitive CF diagnosis were assessed through this questionnaire. Parents' anxiety levels were evaluated through the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory scales 1 and 2. Delayed diagnosis (DD) was defined as a definite CF diagnosis beyond the 8th week of life. Predictors of delayed CF diagnosis were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 220 CF patients diagnosed via NBS were enrolled; 82 (37.3%) babies had DD. Multivariable analysis indicated that residence in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey (OR = 10.79, 95% CI = 2.37–49.2) was associated with a higher incidence of DD compared with other regions in Turkey. Of the total, 216 (98.1%) of the caregivers regarded the NBS program as useful and 180 (82%) reported high anxiety levels.ConclusionThe organization of newborn screening should take into account regional and socio‐cultural characteristics to improve the early diagnosis of CF and also reduce the anxiety level of parents.
Inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on the chain‐initiation process of cumene oxidation
Authors: Chen Zhicheng , Li Yuhang , Cao Yonghai , Zhang Qiao , Yu Hao , Peng Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent catalytic activity in liquid phase reaction, especially in aerobic oxidation of cumene. In previous work, the conversion of cumene was 41.8% and the selectivity of cumene hydroperoxide was 71.5%, which was catalyzed by CNTs. But a small amount of impurity Zn2+ totally blocked up the aerobic oxidation of cumene that catalyzed by CNTs, which is an unexpected discovery. By analyzing the catalytic mechanism of CNTs, the inhibition effect of Zn2+ is locked on the abstraction of H atom from cumene. The inhibition of Zn2+ is confirmed in two effects by density functional theory calculations. First, due to the strongly coordination of active oxygen species (ROS) by Zn2+, the energy barrier of initial reaction increases to 1.90 eV, which is nearly 4 times higher than that of the only ROS promoted‐process. Second, the interaction of Zn2+ and RO· or ROO· to inhibits the chain propagation reaction of free radicals. This work precisely demonstrates that the inhibition effect of Zn2+ on initial reaction of cumene. The most significant thing is that the effect of metallic heteroatoms is not negligible in organic oxidation reaction.