bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The needs and well‐being of severe asthma and COPD carers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Majellano Eleanor C. , Clark Vanessa L. , Gibson Peter G. , Foster Juliet M. , McDonald Vanessa M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveCaring for people with severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can impair the quality of life (QoL) of the carer. We aimed to describe the QoL and needs of severe asthma and COPD carers.MethodsCarers of severe asthma (n = 89) and COPD (n = 48) completed an online cross‐sectional survey assessing QoL and carer support needs using the Short Form Health Survey 12v2 (SF‐12), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Carers Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) questionnaires.ResultsCarers of people with severe asthma and COPD were similar in age (mean ± SD 57.78 ± 14.09 vs. 56.93 ± 12.91) and gender (65% female vs. 66%); however, they differed in caring duration (proportion caring for >10 years: 65% vs. 33%, p < 0.002). QoL was impaired in both groups, but there were no significant differences between severe asthma and COPD carers in either of the SF‐12 component scores. The HADS scores revealed no difference between groups. Compared to severe asthma carers, COPD carers had significantly greater needs for: ‘having time for self’ (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.006), ‘equipment to help care for relative’ (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.006), ‘practical help in the home’ (35% vs. 18%, p = 0.006) and ‘getting a break from caring overnight’ (21% vs. 6%, p = 0.023).ConclusionQoL is impaired in carers of people with severe asthma to a similar degree of COPD carers and other debilitating diseases like cancer. These novel data highlight the support needs of severe asthma carers and identifies areas where tailored support is needed to reduce their substantial carer burden.
Trustworthiness of Statistical Inference
Authors: Hand David J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We examine the role of trustworthiness and trust in statistical inference, arguing that it is the extent of trustworthiness in inferential statistical tools which enables trust in the conclusions. Certain tools, such as the p-value and significance test, have recently come under renewed criticism, with some arguing that they damage trust in statistics. We argue the contrary, beginning from the position that the central role of these methods is to form the basis for trusted conclusions in the face of uncertainty in the data, and noting that it is the misuse and misunderstanding of these tools which damages trustworthiness and hence trust. We go on to argue that recent calls to ban these tools tackle the symptom, not the cause, and themselves risk damaging the capability of science to advance, as well as risking feeding into public suspicion of the discipline of statistics. The consequence could be aggravated mistrust of our discipline and of science more generally. In short, the very proposals could work in quite the contrary direction from that intended. We make some alternative proposals for tackling the misuse and misunderstanding of these methods, and for how trust in our discipline might be promoted.
Two forms of mother–child reciprocity and their links to children's cooperativeness
Authors: Davidov Maayan , Bar‐Tuvia Shirly Menaged , Polacheck‐Benishti Nurit , Grusec Joan E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study examined links between mother–child reciprocity and early elementary school children's cooperative behavior, an important marker of adjustment during this age. The study identified two distinct forms of mother–child reciprocity—following the child's lead and sharing the lead—and examined their interplay with maternal perception of the child. Mothers were observed in play interaction with their children (N = 106), and three groups were identified: mothers who followed their child's lead, mothers who shared the lead equally with the child, and mothers who showed neither form of reciprocity. Mothers’ view of their child as relatively non‐compliant or compliant was also assessed, and used in conjunction with reciprocity group to predict children's cooperation (two dependent measures: observed cooperation with the mother and teacher‐reported cooperative behavior at school). Consistent with prediction, children's observed cooperation with maternal requests was greatest when mothers followed the lead of children whom they viewed as relatively non‐compliant, and when mothers shared the lead with children whom they viewed as compliant. Teachers rated children as more cooperative in the classroom when mothers followed their children's lead, regardless of maternal view of child compliance. The results suggest that the two forms of reciprocity, following and sharing, are distinct.
A hierarchical indoor and outdoor model for semantic trajectories
Authors: Noureddine Hassan , Ray Cyril , Claramunt Christophe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReal‐time mobile crowd‐sourcing data often available in indoor and outdoor environments offer many opportunities for the analysis of human trajectories. However, this stresses the need for appropriate and flexible data abstractions at the modelling level to represent the spatial, temporal and semantic data embedded in these trajectories. The research developed in this article introduces an indoor and outdoor spatial data model represented as a multi‐layered graph and annotated with crowd‐sourced trajectory data. The novelty of the approach is that it provides a homogeneous and flexible hierarchical indoor and outdoor spatial model that can be associated with crowd‐sourced trajectory data on the fly. A graph‐based model favours a computational implementation that supports graph queries and graph analytics. The experiments applied to crowd‐sourcing data form a real case study that illustrates the performance and robustness of the whole framework.
TiGrid: A raster‐based method for time‐interval information representation with geotagged videos as an example
Authors: Han Zhigang , Kong Yunfeng , Cui Caihui , Wang Jiayao , Li Qian , Chen Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal representation is one of the critical areas receiving ongoing interest in GIScience. The ever‐growing spatiotemporal big data, however, pose considerable challenges to temporal representation as existing methods predominantly use one‐dimensional chronological timeline representations. Aiming to represent the lifespans of spatiotemporal objects, a temporal interval grid (TiGrid) is proposed based on a raster structure in two‐dimensional space. The TiGrid is the lower‐triangular part of a square matrix of order N, in which the column and row represent the start time and end time, respectively. Using the graphical transformation method, the lower‐triangular matrix of the TiGrid is transformed to a rectangle matrix. The cells in a TiGrid can be converted into absolute world time using metadata such as the time resolution and start time. The TiGrid generating algorithm, the temporal topological relations, and the unary or binary operations in a TiGrid are defined. Furthermore, spatiotemporal constraint and snapshot retrieval methods are introduced based on the spatial semantics in the TiGrid. A prototype performed evaluation with the case of geotagged video retrieval. The experimental results show that a TiGrid with spatial indexing can efficiently retrieve mass objects with time‐interval information. The TiGrid has the potential to be a new way for spatiotemporal modeling and geovisualization.
Ex vivo comparison of lateral plate repairs of experimental oblique ilial fractures in cats
Authors: Paulick Lutz , Knell Sebastian C. , Smolders Lucas A. , Pozzi Antonio , Schmierer Philipp A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the biomechanical behavior of different plate systems used for oblique ilial fracture fixation in cats.Study designEx vivo biomechanical study.Sample populationFifty fresh‐frozen feline hemipelvises.MethodsStandardized simple oblique ilial fractures were created and fixed via lateral plating, using different implant systems (10 fractures in each group) The systems were: (1) the Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS‐5); (2) the Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS‐6.5); (3) the Locking Compression Plate 2.0 (LCP); (4) the FIXIN 1.9‐2.5 Series (FIXIN), and (5) the Dynamic Compression Plate 2.0 (DCP). Stepwise sinusoidal cyclic loading was applied until failure (10‐mm displacement). The groups were compared with regard to construct stiffness and the number of cycles withstood before 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐mm displacement.ResultsBending stiffness was lower in ALPS‐5 than in other specimens (P < .05). The ALPS‐6.5 specimens withstood more cycles (P < .05) before 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐mm displacement than the ALPS‐5 and DCP specimens . The LCP and FIXIN specimens endured more cycles than DCP specimens before displaying 5‐ and 10‐mm displacement (P < .05). The ALPS‐6.5, FIXIN, and LCP specimens endured higher loads before failure than the DCP specimens (P < .05). Screw loosening occurred in all nonlocking specimens, and bone slicing occurred in all locking specimens.ConclusionThe DCP and ALPS‐5 constructs are less resistant to cyclic loading. Failure in nonlocking specimens involved screw loosening. It involved bone slicing in locking specimens.Clinical significanceBoth the plate size and the plate–screw interface are key to lateral plating success in cases of feline ilial fractures. The use of locking plates reduces the risk of the screw loosening in such cases.
Sexual dimorphism in intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of dietary lipids
Authors: Liu Min , Shen Ling , Yang Qing , Nauli Andromeda M. , Bingamon Madison , Wang David Q.‐H. , Ulrich‐Lai Yvonne M. , Tso Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the basic process of intestinal lipid absorption and transport is understood, many critical aspects remain unclear. One question in particular is whether intestinal lipid absorption and transport differ between the sexes. Using a well‐established lymph fistula model, we found that intact female mice exhibited lower lymphatic output of triacylglycerol (TAG) than male mice. Further analysis revealed that the female mice segregated into two groups: the high group having similar lymphatic TAG transport to the males, and the low group having significantly less lymphatic output, implying the impact of cyclical variation of ovarian hormonal levels. These led us to examine whether oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) affect intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of dietary lipids. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats, E2 treatment significantly reduced [3H]‐TAG lymphatic output through reducing TAG transport; and P treatment decreased [14C]cholesterol (Chol) lymphatic output by inhibiting Chol absorption, compared to vehicle treatment. Gene expression data suggested that E2 enhances vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) signalling to reduce the permeability of lacteals, leading to reduced CM transport through the lymphatic system. Interestingly, E2 treatment also increased lymphatic output of apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I), but not apoB‐48 and apoA‐IV, in the OVX rats. Collectively, these data suggested that ovarian hormone‐induced reductions of intestinal lipid absorption and lymphatic transport, as well as increased lymphatic output of apoA‐I, may contribute to a beneficial protection from atherosclerosis in females.
imageKey points
Significant differences in intestinal lipid absorption and lymphatic transport were found between female and male animals.
Oestrogen treatment significantly reduced [3H]triacylglycerol (TAG) lymphatic output through suppressing TAG transport in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and this effect is associated with enhanced vegfa gene expression in the intestine.
Progesterone treatment significantly decreased the output of [14C]cholesterol in lymph by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the OVX rats.
Oestrogen treatment also increased lymphatic output of apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) in the OVX rats, which may contribute to the reduced risk of atherosclerosis in females.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIFETIME PRESSURE SENSITIVE PAINT PROCEDURE FOR HIGH-PRESSURE VANE TESTING
Authors: Aye-Addo Nyansafo , Paniagua Guillermo , Gonzalez Cuadrado David , Bhatnagar Lakshya , Castillo Sauca Antonio , Braun James , Gomez Mateo , Meyer Terrence , Bloxham Matthew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Optical measurements based on fast response Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) provide enhanced spatial resolution of the pressure field. This paper presents lifetime PSP at 20 kHz, with precise calibrations, and results from a demonstration in an annular vane cascade. The laser lifetime PSP methodology is first evaluated in a linear wind tunnel with a converging-diverging nozzle followed by a wavy surface. This test section is fully optically accessible with maximum modularity. A data reduction procedure is proposed for the PSP calibration, and optimal pixel binning is selected to reduce the uncertainty. In the annular test section, laser lifetime PSP was used to measure the time-averaged static pressure field on a section of the suction surface of a high-pressure turbine vane. Tests were performed at engine representative conditions in the Purdue Big Rig for Annular Stationary Turbine Analysis module at the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Lab. The 2-D pressure results showed a gradual increase of pressure across the spanwise and flow directions, corroborated with local static pressure taps and computational results. The variation in PSP thickness was measured as a contribution to the uncertainty. The discrete Fourier transform of the unsteady pressure signal showed increased frequency content in wind-on compared to wind-off conditions at the mid-span and 30% span. Compared to the mid-span, the hub end wall region had an increase in frequencies and pressure amplitude. This result was anticipated given the expected presence of secondary flow structures at the near hub region.
Social inequalities in access to care at birth and neonatal mortality: an observational study
Authors: Michel Morgane , Alberti Corinne , Carel Jean-Claude , Chevreul Karine 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo look at the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with the suitability of the maternity where children are born and its association with mortality.DesignRetrospective analysis of a prospective cohort constituted using hospital discharge databases.SettingFrancePopulationLive births in 2012–2014 in maternity hospitals in mainland France followed until discharge from the hospital.Main outcome measureUnsuitability of the maternity to newborns’ needs based on birth weight and gestational age, early transfers (within 24 hours of birth) and in-hospital mortality.Results2 149 454 births were included, among which 155 646 (7.2%) were preterm. Preterm newborns with low SES were less frequently born in level III maternities than those with high SES. They had higher odds of being born in an unsuitable maternity (OR=1.174, 95% CI 1.114 to 1.238 in the lowest SES quintile compared with the highest), and no increase in the odds of an early transfer (OR=0.966, 95% CI 0.849 to 1.099 in the lowest SES quintile compared with the highest). Overall, newborns from the lowest SES quintile had a 40% increase in their odds of dying compared with the highest (OR=1.399, 95% CI 1.235 to 1.584).ConclusionsNewborns with the lowest SES were less likely to be born in level III maternity hospitals compared with those with the highest SES, despite having higher prematurity rates. This was associated with a significantly higher mortality in newborns with the lowest SES. Strategies must be developed to increase health equity among mothers and newborns.
Description and evaluation of a pathway for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children
Authors: Armitage Alice Jane , Cohen Jonathan , Heys Michelle , Hardelid Pia , Ward Allison , Eisen Sarah 
Published: October 2021

Objective(1) To describe a novel integrated pathway for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC).(2) To evaluate a population engaged with this service.DesignDescription of the integrated pathway (objective 1) and retrospective evaluation, using data from community paediatrics, infectious diseases (IDs) screening and a sexual health (SH) service (objective 2).SettingUnlinked data were collected from three services across three National Health Service (NHS) trusts in London.PatientsAll Camden UASC engaged with the service from 01 January 2016 to 30 March 2019.InterventionsA multidisciplinary approach prioritising the health needs of UASC including a childre and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) clinican and a health improvement practitioner. There are low thresholds for onward referral and universal asymptomatic screening of UASC for ID.Main outcome measuresData on demographics, unmet health needs and known outcomes.ResultsData were available for 101 UASC, 16% female, median age 16 years (range 14–17). Physical assault/abuse was reported in 67% and 13% disclosed sexual assault/abuse, including 38% of female UASC. Mental health symptoms were documented in 77%. IDs warranting treatment were identified in 41% including latent tuberculosis (25%) and schistosomiasis (13%). Interpreters were required for 97% and initial non-attendance rates at follow-up were 40% (ID) and 49% (SH).ConclusionsThese data demonstrate high rates of historical physical and sexual assault/abuse, unmet physical, mental and emotional health needs among UASC and significant barriers to engaging with services. An integrated pathway has been successfully implemented and shown to deliver appropriate, joined-up care for UASC, consistent with current recommendations, with the potential to improve outcomes.
Evaluation of treatment response and symptom progression in 400 patients with visual snow syndrome
Authors: Puledda Francesca , Vandenbussche Nicolas , Moreno-Ajona David , Eren Ozan , Schankin Christoph , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: October 2021

AimsTo gather information on useful medications to treat visual snow syndrome (VSS) as well as to validate an instrument to assess its clinical severity and the course of the disorder over time.MethodsFour hundred patients with VSS were included in this web-based prospective questionnaire study. All subjects completed a treatment questionnaire and a clinical diary. The first allowed evaluation of the effects of previous medications on visual snow, while the second measured VSS symptoms daily over the course of 30 days.ResultsPatients commonly reported previous use of medications such as antidepressants, antiepileptics, antibiotics and benzodiazepines. However, none of these drug classes was beneficial for the majority of patients. Recreational drugs and alcohol worsened visual snow symptoms in several reports. Vitamins and benzodiazepines had high therapeutic ratios, although in most cases they did not change the course of VSS.The monthly diary confirmed that the static in VSS is a consistent symptom over time. It also showed that indoor and fluorescent lights have a worse effect on symptoms when compared with natural outdoor lighting.ConclusionsThe study confirms clinical experience that medications are generally ineffective in VSS, with the exception of vitamins and perhaps benzodiazepines, which could be beneficial in some patients. The 30-day diary represents a useful tool to measure symptom progression over time, which could be used in future trials on VSS.
Primary and secondary focal choroidal excavation morphologic phenotypes, associated ocular disorders and prognostic implications
Authors: Capellan Pamela , Gonzalez Luis A , Abdallah Mahrous M , Weiss Stephanie J , Botsford Benjamin , Lenis Tamara L , Ryan Michael , Orlin Anton , Papakostas Thanos , Kiss Szilard , D'Amico Donald , Kovacs Kyle 
Published: October 2021

AimsTo characterise and classify the morphological, clinical and tomographic characteristics of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) lesions to determine their prognostic implications.Methods36 eyes with FCE (32 patients) underwent multimodal imaging, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence. FCE lesions were classified into three subtypes: (1) type 1: myopic (central choroidal thickness: <100 µm), (2) type 2: suspected congenital (central choroidal thickness: 100–200 µm, without associated chorioretinal pathology) and (3) type 3: secondary or acquired (central choroidal thickness: >200 µm, with associated chorioretinal pathology).Results80.6% of eyes were followed longitudinally (26.8±18.8 months). There were 9 type 1 FCEs (myopic), 8 type 2 FCEs (U-shaped, congenital) and 19 type 3 FCEs (V-shaped, secondary). Type 2 FCEs trended towards larger maximum widths (p=0.0563). Type 3 FCEs were associated with central serous chorioretinopathy or pachyvessels (47.4%), but were also seen in pattern dystrophy, geographic atrophy, inactive choroiditis, torpedo maculopathy and adult-onset vitelliform dystrophy. Choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) were more prevalent in type 3 FCE (41.2% compared with 11.1% for type 1 FCE, p=0.251, and 0% for type 2 FCE, p=0.043).ConclusionsThe FCE types, stratified by central choroidal thickness, demonstrated distinct morphological characteristics and associated findings. The classification scheme held prognostic implications as type 3 FCE with V shapes were associated with other chorioretinal conditions and were more likely to develop CNVM.
Burden of near vision loss in China: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Jin Guangming , Zou Minjie , Liu Chi , Chen Aiming , Sun Yi , Young Charlotte Aimee , Li Yi , Zheng Danying , Congdon Nathan , Han Xiaotong 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo investigate the burden of near vision loss (NVL) in China by year, age and gender from 1990 to 2019.MethodsWe used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study to report the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to NVL in China. Estimates of crude counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population are accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We summarised the age-specific and sex-specific patterns and trends regarding the burden of NVL in China, compared with seven neighbouring countries.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the all-age number and rate for NVL prevalence and DALYs increased significantly in China (all p<0.001). The age-standardised rate decreased from 7538.1 (95% UI 6946.3 to 8075.1) to 7392.9 (95% UI 6855.8 to 7890.5) per 100 000 population for NVL prevalence (p=0.107), and from 74.9 (95% UI 69.6 to 79.9) to 73.8 (95% UI 70.6 to 80.1) per 100 000 population for DALYs (p=0.388). Women had higher NVL prevalence (t=170.1, p<0.001) and DALYs (t=192.5, p<0.001) than men. Higher disease burden of NVL was observed in the middle-aged and elderly population. The age-standardised prevalence and DALY rate attributable to NVL in China were lower than in India, North Korea, Pakistan (all p<0.001), but higher than Russia, South Korea, Singapore and Japan (all p<0.001).ConclusionsDespite a small decrease in age-standardised prevalence and DALYs due to NVL in China in the past two decades, the existing burden is still considerable and significantly higher compared with neighbouring developed countries. An approach that includes all stakeholders is needed to further reduce this burden.