bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High quality social environment buffers infants’ cognitive development from poor maternal mental health: Evidence from a study in Bhutan
Authors: Juvrud Joshua , Haas Sara A. , Lindskog Marcus , Astor Kim , Namgyel Sangay C. , Wangmo Tshering , Wangchuk  , Dorjee Sithar , Tshering Kinzang P. , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoor maternal mental health negatively impacts cognitive development from infancy to childhood, affecting both behavior and brain architecture. In a non‐western context (Thimphu, Bhutan), we demonstrate that culturally‐moderated factors such as family, community social support, and enrichment may buffer and scaffold the development of infant cognition when maternal mental health is poor. We used eye‐tracking to measure early building blocks of cognition: attention regulation and social perception, in 9‐month‐old Bhutanese infants (N = 121). The cognitive development of Bhutanese infants in richer social environments was buffered from poor maternal mental health, while for infants in environments with lower rates of protective social environment factors, worse maternal mental health significantly predicted greater costs for infant attention, a fundamental building block cognition. International policies and interventions geared to improve maternal mental health and child health outcomes should incorporate each regions’ unique family, cultural, and community support structures.
The influence of attentional biases on multiple working memory precision parameters for children and adults
Authors: Shimi Andria , Scerif Gaia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWorking memory (WM) improves dramatically during childhood but what drives this improvement is not well understood. One influential account thus far has proposed a simple increase in storage capacity. However, recent findings have shown that multiple factors, such as differences in the ability to use attention to enhance the maintenance of internal representations, as well as changes in WM precision, also interact in influencing age‐related differences in WM capacity. We aimed to examine whether and how the developing ability to orient attention retrospectively to internal representations influences WM precision. To do so, we employed a paradigm that combined the continuous‐recall WM task with the partial‐cueing report task. Specifically, 7‐year‐olds and young adults were asked to reproduce the colour of a probe item in a colour wheel. The initial memory array, which included the probe item, could be followed by a spatial cue that directed participants’ attention to a location in the memory array (a ‘retro‐cue’). Results showed that attentional biases engendered by retro‐cues facilitated overall precision compared to uncued baseline performance, for both age groups, although to a smaller degree in 7‐year‐olds compared to adults. Importantly, investigation of modelling parameters suggested that children demonstrate lower representational quality of items in WM but that spatial attentional cues improve overall precision by increasing the probability of target storage, maintenance and recall, and by reducing misbinding errors as well as random guessing, not by changing representational quality. These results add significantly to our knowledge on the relation between retrospective attention and WM development.
A Perspective‐Taking Theory of Open‐Mindedness: Confronting the Challenge of Motivated Reasoning
Authors: Southworth James 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTPrevious research on open‐mindedness, whether by critical thinking researchers, philosophers of education, or intellectual virtue theorists, has not sufficiently addressed the challenge posed by cognitive bias, particularly motivated reasoning. How can students develop their open‐mindedness when they are often motivated to preserve their prior beliefs? In this paper, James Southworth proposes a theory of open‐mindedness that attempts to confront the problem of motivated reasoning. He argues that to be open‐minded is to be receptive to ideas that challenge one's prior beliefs. He discusses two central and interrelated aspects of receptivity: (1) a motivation toward the truth, and (2) an ability and disposition to take on the perspective of an individual(s) who holds an opposing belief. While open‐mindedness includes cognitive, affective, and motivational dimensions, Southworth argues that it is narrow in scope. Open‐mindedness does not concern neutral scenarios. Moreover, open‐mindedness does not require the ability to reason well. Southworth concludes by considering some practical implications of this account with respect to reading and writing practices in higher education.
Modulating verbal working memory with fronto‐parietal transcranial electric stimulation at theta frequency: Does it work?
Authors: Biel Anna Lena , Sterner Elisabeth , Röll Lukas , Sauseng Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOscillatory theta activity in a fronto‐parietal network has been associated with working memory (WM) processes and may be directly related to WM performance. In their seminal study, Polanía et al. (2012) (de‐)coupled a fronto‐parietal theta‐network by applying transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and showed that anti‐phase tACS led to slower and in‐phase tACS to faster response times in a verbal WM task compared to placebo stimulation. In the literature, this ‘synchronization‐desynchronization’ effect has only been partly replicated, and electric field modelling suggests that it might not be the fronto‐parietal network that is primarily stimulated during in‐phase tACS with a shared return electrode. This provides one possible reason for inconsistency in the literature. In this study, we aimed to reproduce the findings reported by Polanía et al. (2012). We also aimed to investigate whether in‐phase theta tACS with multiple close‐by return electrodes for focal stimulation of the frontal and the parietal cortex will have at least as much of a facilitatory effect as the in‐phase stimulation as indicated by Polania et al. (2012). In a single‐trial distributional analysis, we explored whether mean, variation and right‐skewness of the response time distribution are affected. Against our hypothesis, we found no ‘synchronization‐desynchronization’ effect by fronto‐parietal theta tACS on response times using the same delayed letter discrimination task and stimulation parameters in two experiments, both between‐subjects and within‐subjects. However, we could show that in a more demanding 3‐back task, fronto‐parietal in‐phase and in‐phase focal theta tACS substantially improved task performance compared to placebo stimulation.
Hippocampal AMPA‐ and NMDA‐induced cGMP signals are mainly generated by NO‐GC2 and are under tight control by PDEs 1 and 2
Authors: Giesen Jan , Mergia Evanthia , Koesling Doris , Russwurm Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the central nervous system, the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling cascade has an established role in fine‐tuning of synaptic transmission. In the present study, we asked which isoform of NO‐sensitive guanylyl cyclase, NO‐GC1 or NO‐GC2, is responsible for generation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐ and AMPA (α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid)‐induced cGMP signals and which of the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is responsible for degradation. To this end, we performed live cell fluorescence measurements of primary hippocampal neurons isolated from NO‐GC isoform‐deficient mice. Although both isoforms contributed to the NMDA‐ and AMPA‐induced cGMP signals, NO‐GC2 clearly played the predominant role. Whereas under PDE‐inhibiting conditions the cGMP levels elicited by both glutamatergic ligands were comparable, NMDA‐induced cGMP signals were clearly higher than the AMPA‐induced ones in the absence of PDE inhibitors. Thus, AMPA‐induced cGMP signals are more tightly controlled by PDE‐mediated degradation than NMDA‐induced signals. In addition, these findings are compatible with the existence of at least two different pools of cGMP in both of which PDE1 and PDE2—known to be highly expressed in the hippocampus—are mainly responsible for cGMP degradation. The finding that distinct pools of cGMP are equipped with different amounts of PDEs highlights the importance of PDEs for the shape of NO‐induced cGMP signals in the central nervous system.
Digital technological upgrading in manufacturing global value chains: The impact of additive manufacturing
Authors: Johns Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to the burgeoning literature on digitalization and technological upgrading in global value chains (GVCs). It focuses on the adoption of additive manufacturing (AM)—a particular type of ‘Industry 4.0’ technology—by manufacturing GVCs and its impact on process and production upgrade. Drawing on extensive qualitative research in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, including 54 interviews and participant observation firms, it examines the AM industry and its adoption in manufacturing firms. The findings contribute to existing understandings of technological upgrading in GVCs by differentiating between different types of actors within GVCs, focusing on produce and process upgrading in lead firms and in original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and lower‐tier suppliers. It finds that OEM and lower‐tier firms are using AM to upgrade and capture value in different ways to lead firms, with implications for relationships between actors. The paper also highlights the sectoral variation in the adoption of AM and reflects on the contemporary and future role of this digital technology in manufacturing GVCs.
The incidence of and risk factors for hospitalized acute kidney injury among people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Muiru Anthony N. , Madden Erin , Chilingirian Ani , Rubinsky Anna D. , Scherzer Rebecca , Moore Richard , Villalobos Celia P. Corona , Monroy Trujillo Jose Manuel , Parikh Chirag R. , Hsu Chi‐yuan , Shlipak Michael G. , Estrella Michelle M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe epidemiology of hospitalized acute kidney injury (AKI) among people living with HIV (PLWH) in the era of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all PLWH is not well characterized. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for hospitalized AKI from 2005 to 2015 among PLWH on ART.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of PLWH from the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort. We defined hospitalized AKI as a rise of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL in serum creatinine (SCr) within any 48‐h period or a 50% increase in SCr from baseline and assessed associations of risk factors with incident AKI using multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsMost participants (75%) were black, 34% were female, and the mean age was 43 years. The incidence of AKI fluctuated annually, peaking at 40 per 1000 person‐years (PY) [95% confidence interval (CI) 22–69 per 1000 PY] in 2007, and reached a nadir of 20 per 1000 PY (95% CI 11–34 per 1000 PY) in 2010. There was no significant temporal trend (−3.3% change per year; 95% CI −8.6 to 2.3%; P = 0.24). After multivariable adjustment, characteristics independently associated with AKI included black race [hazard ratio (HR) 2.44; 95% CI 1.42–4.20], hypertension (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.09–2.38), dipstick proteinuria > 1 (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.07–3.23), a history of AIDS (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.29–2.56), CD4 count < 200 cells/µL (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02–2.07), and lower serum albumin (HR 1.73 per 1 g/dL decrease; 95% CI 1.02–2.07).ConclusionsIn this contemporary cohort of PLWH, the annual incidence of first AKI fluctuated during the study period. Attention to modifiable AKI risk factors and social determinants of health may further reduce AKI incidence among PLWH.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary pathogens in outpatients and inpatients: A report from Eastern Libya
Authors: Ismail Faisal , Haq Soghra , Aiayad Manal , Abushiba Mahmoud , Zorgani Abdulaziz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections and remain a public health problem worldwide. Incidence of UTI‐causing pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility are varied in different regions. To examine the frequency of UTIs among inpatients and outpatients at Tobruk Medical Centre, Eastern Libya to identify the UTIs most common causative agents, and to assess their resistance patterns to the commonly used antibiotics. A laboratory registry‐based retrospective survey included 25 388 urine samples obtained from symptomatic UTIs cases that attended the Tobruk Medical Centre in the period from January 2006 to December 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and bacterial identification were done as per the microbiology lab's standard operating procedure. The frequency of UTIs and their resistance patterns were examined in inpatients and outpatients. Out of 25 388 urine samples tested, 6838 (26.9%) showed growth of pathogens indicative of positive UTI. Of these, 3827 samples (56%) belonged to the outpatient department (70.4% female, 29.6% male) and 3011 samples (44%) were from the inpatient departments (52.4% female, 47.6% male). The most prevalent uropathogen isolated from urine cultures in this study was Escherichia coli (47.8%) followed by Klebsiella spp. The frequency of E. coli and other pathogens varied among inpatients and outpatients and by patients' gender. The overall resistance rate of antibiotics ranged from 21% to 88% and was higher in inpatients compared with outpatients (p = 0.001). From the study, a higher incidence of UTIs was observed in outpatient samples but resistance rates of uropathogens to antimicrobials were observed to be higher for the urinary specimens obtained from inpatients. Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns and prudent use of antibiotics is an important measure for combating emerging antimicrobial resistance.
Identifying traits that enable lizard adaptation to different habitats
Authors: Lanna Flavia M. , Colli Guarino R. , Burbrink Frank T. , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimSpecies adapt differently to contrasting environments, such as open habitats with sparse vegetation and forested habitats with dense forest cover. We investigated colonization patterns in the open and forested environments in the diagonal of open formations and surrounding rain forests (i.e. Amazonia and Atlantic Forest) in Brazil, tested whether the diversification rates were affected by the environmental conditions and identified traits that enabled species to persist in those environments.LocationSouth America, Brazil.TaxonSquamata, Lizards.MethodsWe used phylogenetic information and the current distribution of species in open and forested habitats to estimate ancestral ranges and identify range shifts relative to the current habitats. To evaluate whether these environments influenced species diversification, we tested 12 models using a Hidden Geographic State Speciation and Extinction analysis. Finally, we combined phylogenetic relatedness and species traits in a machine learning framework to identify the traits permitting adaptation in those contrasting environments.ResultsWe identified 41 total transitions between open and forested habitats, of which 80% were from the forested habitats to the open habitats. Widely distributed species had higher speciation, turnover, extinction, and extinction fraction rates than species in forested or open habitats, but had also the lower net diversification rate. Mean body temperature, microhabitat, female snout–vent length and diet were identified as putative traits that enabled adaptation to different environments, and phylogenetic relatedness was an important predictor of species occurrence.Main conclusionsTransitions from forested to open habitats are most common, highlighting the importance of habitat shift in current patterns of biodiversity. The combination of phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral distributions and the machine learning framework enables us to integrate organismal trait data, environmental data and evolutionary history in a manner that could be applied on a global scale.
Impact of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis on quality of life and psychologic morbidity—a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Das Anupam , Sil Abheek , Fatima Farhat , Podder Indrashis , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic and recurrent dermatophytosis is adversely effecting the psychosocial well‐being of patients.AimsTo assess the impact of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis on quality of life and psychological well‐being of patients.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study on patients of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis aged >12 years. Clinical diagnosis was done, followed by appropriate investigations when required. The patients were made to fill up the questionnaires on Dermatology Life Quality Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale in English and local languages. The responses were coded with 4‐point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was done using MedCal®V.125.0.ResultsData of 123 patients were analyzed. Mean DLQI score was 21.4 ± 5.6 and main domain affected was “symptoms and feelings.” CRD had an “extremely large effect” on QoL (DLQI score 21–30) in 55.3% patients. Mean HADS‐A(anxiety) score was 10.1 ± 3.6, and mean HADS‐D(depression) score of participants was 7.8 ± 3.2. Mean perceived stress scale (PSS) score was 18.8 ± 4.3. Involvement of >1 site was a risk factor for higher DLQI score suggestive of “extremely large impact” on QoL (OR 34.02,95% CI 5.7–203.2,p = 0.0001), higher/worsened HADS‐A score (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2–22.9, p = 0.02), and higher/worsened PSS score (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.1–34.1, p = 0.04). Persistent disease >1 year (OR 11.5, 95% CI 1.9–67.8, p = 0.007) and male gender (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, p = 0.01) were significant risk factors for anxiety while BSA involvement >10% was a significant risk factor for moderate to severe perceived stress(OR 13.9, 95% CI 1.5–130.7, p = 0.02).ConclusionChronic and recurrent dermatophytosis requires a multidisciplinary approach involving psychiatrists, to reduce the psychological burden.
How nurses and midwives engage with patient experience data to inform person‐centred quality and safety improvements
Authors: Radbron Emma , Middleton Rebekkah , Wilson Valerie , McCance Tanya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore how nurses and midwives engage with patient experience data collected via a mobile health app to inform person‐centred practice improvements.BackgroundA large amount of data is collected in healthcare, yet there is limited evidence outlining how nursing and midwifery staff utilise patient experience data to inform person‐centred quality and safety improvements.MethodsThis study utilised action research, underpinned by Practice Development methodology and has been reported using the SQUIRE 2.0 checklist. Six clinical units (medical short stay, acute medical, surgical, oncology/haematology, day surgery and maternity) in a large health district in Australia engaged in three cycles of data collection using a mobile health app. The app captured patient experience data relating to the person‐centred KPIs developed and tested by McCance et al. (2012). Staff used the data to develop and evaluate person‐centred practice.ResultsA number of improvements in scores and practice occurred through engaging with the data in a cyclical way. All six clinical units saw an improvement in four or more of the KPIs in the patient survey results from cycle one to cycle three, with two clinical units improving in all eight. On average across the six units, there was also an increase in time nurses/midwives were visible to their patients, an increase in clinical documentation reflecting the patients’ needs and what was important to them, an increase in positive comments and a decrease in negative comments in patient stories.ConclusionThis study shows that collecting and utilising data from the person‐centred KPIs in a collaborative and cyclical way lead to enhanced patient experience and the development and implementation of person‐centred quality and safety improvements.Relevance to clinical practiceCapturing and utilising data that are meaningful to nursing/midwifery teams in a cyclical, action‐orientated approach result in person‐centred practice improvements that enhance the experience of those that are receiving and delivering patient care.
A comparative study of condyle position in temporomandibular disorder patients with chewing side preference using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Ma Junli , Wang Jiazhu , Huang Dongzong , Wang Zhaowu , Hu Min , Liu Hongchen , Jiang Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChewing side preference (CSP) could cause structural and morphological changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and has been suggested as one aetiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), but the condylar position in TMD patients with CSP is unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the condylar position in the TMD patients with and without CSP.MethodsNinety TMD patients with unilateral symptom (69 with CSP and 21 without CSP) and 20 asymptomatic participants received cone‐beam computed tomography. The condylar position was determined based on the measurements of sagittal joint spaces. Intergroup and intra‐group comparisons of the condylar position were performed.ResultsThe condyles in asymptomatic participants located nearly randomly in anterior, centric and posterior positions. Patients without CSP had significantly more posterior condyles than asymptomatic participants (57.1% vs 30.0%, p < 0.05). In patients with CSP, 50.7% of the condyles on the preferred chewing side and 42.0% on the unpreferred side located posteriorly, reaching no significant level compared with the asymptomatic participants and patients without CSP (p > 0.05). The symptomatic joints and asymptomatic joints in patients with CSP and without CSP showed no significant differences in condylar position. While patients without CSP had significantly more posterior condyles in symptomatic joints than asymptomatic participants (p < 0.05), patients with CSP showed a trend towards more posterior condyles in symptomatic joints compared with the asymptomatic participants (53.6% vs 30.0%, p = 0.054).ConclusionCondylar position is not a strong indicator to differentiate CSP‐related TMDs from non‐CSP‐related TMDs. Posterior condyle could not be viewed as one indicator of TMD.
Approaching the Causes of Unintentional Injuries in the School Environment: A Panel Analysis of Survey Data From Germany
Authors: Stadtmüller Sven , Klocke Andreas , Giersiefen Andrea , Lipp Robert , Wacker Christina 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPrevious research on the correlates of unintentional school injuries is based on either process or cross‐sectional data. This study aims at approaching the causal effects of risk‐seeking behavior, mental health problems, physical activity, and exposure to bullying on unintentional injuries in the school environment by relying on longitudinal survey data.METHODSThe data comes from a German panel survey, including more than 10,000 students. We estimate fixed‐effects regression models that only take into account the variation within participants and are therefore most suitable for establishing causal inferences.RESULTSWe find an increase in risk‐seeking behavior on the individual level to yield an increase in students' likelihood to suffer injuries during physical education and on the schoolyard or in the school building. The same holds true for an increase in mental health problems. Finally, students who expand their degree of physical activity in club sports also show a higher risk of unintentional injuries.CONCLUSIONSInterventions aimed at reducing too risky behavior and mental health problems may help prevent unintentional injuries in the school environment. Since students who increase their activities in club sports are also more prone to school injuries, preventive efforts should include this group of adolescents as well.