bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient perspectives on how to improve education on medication side effects: cross-sectional observational study at a rheumatology clinic in The Netherlands
Authors: Hegeman Mirjam C. , Schoemaker-Delsing Jolanda A. , Luttikholt Jacqueline T. M. , Vonkeman Harald E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients often report lacking information on medication side effects. The aims of this study were to observe how rheumatology healthcare providers deliver medication information and to determine in which specific domains information is missing. First, 12 single-blinded structured observations were performed during regular RA patient consultations. The observers noted whether and how medication and medication side effects were discussed. Second, 100 RA patients were asked to fill out an adaptation of the Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale (SIMS). Medication was discussed during all observed consultations. With new medication, its purpose and mode of action were explained in all cases, but possible side effects in only 33%. Overall, medication side effects were discussed in 58% of consultations. Most information delivery was verbal (92%). Response rate to the questionnaire was 61%. Overall satisfaction with medication education was mean 7.3 (± 1.9) (NRS 0–10) with a comparable high SIMS total satisfaction sum score of mean 12.3 (± 4.4). At subscale score levels, 89% were satisfied with the amount of information on the action and usage of medication, but only 47% with the information on the potential problems of medication. RA patients express overall high satisfaction with their medication education but there is still an unmet need for information on potential risks and side effects. Using the SIMS questionnaire in daily clinical practice may help focus medication education to the needs of the individual patient.
Effects of two consecutive mixed meals high in palmitic acid or stearic acid on 8-h postprandial lipemia and glycemia in healthy-weight and overweight men and postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Rooijen Merel A. , Plat Jogchum , Zock Peter L. , Blom Wendy A. M. , Mensink Ronald P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Palmitic and stearic acids have different effects on fasting serum lipoproteins. However, the effects on postprandial lipemia and glycemia are less clear. Also, the effects of a second meal may differ from those of the first meal. Therefore, we studied the effects of two consecutive mixed meals high in palmitic acid- or stearic acid-rich fat blends on postprandial lipemia and glycemia.

Methods
In a randomized, crossover study, 32 participants followed 4-week diets rich in palmitic or stearic acids, At the end of each dietary period, participants consumed two consecutive meals each containing ± 50 g of the corresponding fat blend.

Results
Postprandial concentrations of triacylglycerol (diet-effect: − 0.18 mmol/L; p = 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (diet-effect: − 0.68 mg/L; p = 0.002) were lower after stearic-acid than after palmitic-acid intake. Consequently, total (iAUC0–8 h) and first meal (iAUC0–4 h) responses were lower after stearic-acid intake (p ≤ 0.01). Second meal responses (iAUC4–8 h) were not different. Postprandial changes between the diets in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and C-peptide differed significantly over time (p < 0.001 and p = 0.020 for diet*time effects, respectively), while those for glucose and insulin did not. The dAUC0–8 h, dAUC0–4 h, and dAUC4–8 h for NEFA were larger after stearic-acid intake (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in the iAUCs of C-peptide, glucose, and insulin. However, second meal responses for glucose and insulin (iAUC4–8 h) tended to be lower after stearic-acid intake (p < 0.10).

Conclusion
Consumption of the stearic acid-rich meals lowered postprandial lipemia as compared with palmitic acid. After the second stearic acid-rich meal, concentrations of C-peptide peaked earlier and those of NEFA decreased more.
Clinical trial registry This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02835651 on July 18, 2016.
Assessing the links between childhood trauma, C-reactive protein and response to antidepressant treatment in patients with affective disorders
Authors: Fischer Kai F. , Simon Maria S. , Elsner Julie , Dobmeier Johanna , Dorr Johannes , Blei Leonie , Zill Peter , Obermeier Michael , Musil Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are a well-known risk-factor for depression. Additionally, (high-sensitive) C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) is elevated in subgroups of depressed patients and high following ACE. In this context the literature considers hsCRP and ACE to be associated with treatment resistant depression. With the data being heterogenous, this study aimed to explore the associations of ACE, hsCRP levels and response to antidepressant treatment in uni- and bipolar depression. N = 76 patients diagnosed with uni- or bipolar depression and N = 53 healthy controls were included. Treatment was over 6 weeks in an inpatient psychiatric setting within an observatory study design. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), ACE were assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); the body-mass-index (BMI) and hsCRP were measured. HsCRP levels did not differ between the study population and the healthy controls. While the depressive symptoms decreased, the hsCRP levels increased. Sexual abuse was associated with significant higher and emotional abuse with lower levels of hsCRP after 6 weeks. The baseline hsCRP levels and the ACE subgroups did not show significant associations with the treatment response in unipolar depressed patients. The long-lasting effects of specific forms of ACE may have relevant impact on inflammation, supporting hsCRP to be a suitable biomarker. With ACE and hsCRP not showing any significant associations with treatment response in the unipolar depressed subgroup, a more differentiate research concerning biomarkers and treatment regimens is needed when talking about treatment response.
Georg Schmorl Prize of the German Spine Society (DWG) 2020: new biomechanical in vitro test method to determine subsidence risk of vertebral body replacements
Authors: Zengerle Laura , Fleege Christoph , Di Pauli von Treuheim Theodor , Vogele Daniel , Rauschmann Michael , Wilke Hans-Joachim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Prevention of implant subsidence in osteoporotic (thoraco)lumbar spines is still a major challenge in spinal surgery. In this study, a new biomechanical in vitro test method was developed to simulate patient activities in order to determine the subsidence risk of vertebral body replacements during physiologic loading conditions.

Methods
The study included 12 (thoraco)lumbar (T11-L1, L2-L4) human specimens. After dorsal stabilisation and corpectomy, vertebral body replacements (VBR) with (a) round centrally located and (b) lateral end pieces with apophyseal support were implanted, equally distributed regarding segment, sex, mean BMD ((a) 64.2 mgCaHA/cm3, (b) 66.7 mgCaHA/cm3) and age ((a) 78 years, (b) 73.5 years). The specimens were then subjected to everyday activities (climbing stairs, tying shoes, lifting 20 kg) simulated by a custom-made dynamic loading simulator combining corresponding axial loads with flexion–extension and lateral bending movements. They were applied in oscillating waves at 0.5 Hz and raised every 100 cycles phase-shifted to each other by 50 N or 0.25°, respectively. The range of motion (ROM) of the specimens was determined in all three motion planes under pure moments of 3.75 Nm prior to and after implantation as well as subsequently following activities. Simultaneously, subsidence depth was quantified from fluoroscope films. A mixed model (significance level: 0.05) was established to relate subsidence risk to implant geometries and patients’ activities.

Results
With this new test method, simulating everyday activities provoked clinically relevant subsidence schemes. Generally, severe everyday activities caused deeper subsidence which resulted in increased ROM. Subsidence of lateral end pieces was remarkably less pronounced which was accompanied by a smaller ROM in flexion–extension and higher motion possibilities in axial rotation (p = 0.05).

Conclusion
In this study, a new biomechanical test method was developed that simulates physiologic activities to examine implant subsidence. It appears that the highest risk of subsidence occurs most when lifting heavy weights, and into the ventral part of the caudal vertebra. The results indicate that lateral end pieces may better prevent from implant subsidence because of the additional cortical support. Generally, patients that are treated with a VBR should avoid activities that create high loading on the spine.
Contralateral non-simultaneous proximal femoral fractures in patients over 65 years old
Authors: Bosco Francesco , Vittori Jacopo , Grosso Elena , Tarello Mariapaola , Artiaco Stefano , Massè Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Epidemiological and clinical parameters according to the Parker-Palmer Index (PPI) have not been specifically studied as predictors of re-fracture time in patients over 65 years old with contralateral hip fracture. The main purpose of this study was to assess whether these parameters could represent a prognostic factor in this population.

Methods
This retrospective study included all consecutive patients older than 65 years that suffered from a proximal femoral fracture, 31 according to Association for Osteosynthesis/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, treated at our unit between Feb 1st 2019 and Feb 1st 2020.

Results
This study enrolled 387 patients. Thirty-seven of them had already incurred a contralateral hip fracture: seven males and 30 females. The median time between the first and second hip fractures was 3.5 years. This study revealed that increasing age (p = 0.003), male sex (p = 0.029) and a PPI value ≥ 5 between the first and second hip fracture (p = 0.015) are risk factors associated with a contralateral hip fracture in the first three years after the first episode. There were no statistically significant differences regarding anti-osteoporotic therapy and the anatomic site of the first hip fracture episode.

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggest that several risk factors have a crucial role in hip re-fracture time in patients over 65 years old.
Landscape-Scale Forest Reorganization Following Insect Invasion and Harvest Under Future Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Olson Stacey K. , Smithwick Erica A. H. , Lucash Melissa S. , Scheller Robert M. , Nicholas Robert E. , Ruckert Kelsey L. , Caldwell Christopher M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Farimaire) has been found in 35 US states and five Canadian provinces. This invasive beetle is causing widespread mortality to ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), which are an important timber product and ornamental tree, as well as a cultural resource for some Tribes. The damage will likely continue despite efforts to impede its spread. Further, widespread and rapid ash mortality as a result of EAB is expected to alter forest composition and structure, especially when coupled with the regional effects of climate change in post-ash forests. Thus, we forecasted the long-term effects of EAB-induced ash mortality and preemptive ash harvest (a forest management mitigation strategy) on forested land across a 2-million-hectare region in northern Wisconsin. We used a spatially explicit and spatially interactive forest simulation model, LANDIS-II, to estimate future species dominance and biodiversity assuming continued widespread ash mortality. We ran forest disturbance and succession simulations under historic climate conditions and three downscaled CMIP5 climate change projections representing the upper bound of expected changes in precipitation and temperature. Our results suggest that although ash loss from EAB or harvest resulted in altered biodiversity patterns in some stands, climate change will be the major driver of changes in biodiversity by the end of century, causing increases in the dominance of southern species and homogenization of species composition across the landscape.
Investigation of spatial ability test completion times in virtual reality using a desktop display and the Gear VR
Authors: Guzsvinecz Tibor , Orbán-Mihálykó Éva , Sik-Lányi Cecília , Perge Erika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe interaction time of students who did spatial ability tests in a virtual reality environment is analyzed. The spatial ability test completion times of 240 and 61 students were measured. A desktop display as well as the Gear VR were used by the former group and by the latter one, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the probability of correct answers and completion times, while linear regression was used to evaluate effects and interactions of following factors on test completion times: the users’ gender and primary hand, test type and device used. The findings were that while the completion times are not significantly affected by the users’ primary hand, other factors have significant effects on them: they are decreased by the male gender in itself, while they are increased by solving Mental Rotation Tests or by using the Gear VR. The largest significant increment in interaction time in virtual reality during spatial ability tests is when Mental Rotation Tests are accomplished by males with the Gear VR, while the largest significant decrease in interaction time is when Mental Cutting Tests are completed with a desktop display.
Evaluation of 18 commercial serological assays for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in paired serum samples
Authors: Hanssen Daniëlle A. T. , Slaats Michiel , Mulder Marlies , Savelkoul Paul H. M. , van Loo Inge H. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA variety of serological tests have been developed to detect the presence of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated the performance of 18 commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Early (6–8 days after the start of symptoms) and late sera (>14 days) from ICU patients (n=10 andn=16, respectively) and healthcare workers (n=5 andn=9, respectively) were included. Additionally, 22 sera were included to detect potential cross-reactivity. Test characteristics were determined for the 18 assays. In >14 days samples, the Vircell IgG and Wantai Ig ELISAs had superior sensitivity compared to the other ELISAs (96%). Furthermore, the Roche Ig, the Epitope Diagnostics IgM, Wantai IgM, Euroimmun IgG, and IgA all showed a specificity of 100%. The POCTs of Boson Biotech and ACRO Biotech showed the highest sensitivities: 100% and 96% (83.5–99.8), respectively. The POCT of Orient Gene Biotech, VOMED Diagnostics, and Coris-Bioconcept showed highest specificities (100%). For the IgM and IgA assays, the Euroimmun IgA test showed the highest sensitivity in early samples: 46.7% (23.5–70.9) to 53.3% (29.1–76.5). In general, all tests performed better in patients with severe symptoms (ICU patients). We conclude that the Wantai Ig and Vircell IgG ELISAs may be suitable for diagnostic purposes. The IgM/IgA tests performed poorer than their IgG/Ig counterparts but may have a role in diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 in a population in which the background seroprevalence of IgG high, and IgM and/or IgA may distinguish between acute or past infection.
Digitalisierung der Branchen in Deutschland — eine empirische Erhebung
Authors: Demary Vera , Goecke Henry 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer hier vorgestellte Digitalisierungsindex misst den Grad der Digitalisierung von Unternehmen in Deutschland, differenziert dabei nach Branchen und ordnet den Digitalisierungsgrad in Kategorien ein. Es zeigt sich, dass die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie mit Abstand am stärksten digitalisiert ist. Auch der forschungsstarke Fahrzeugbau ist stark überdurchschnittlich digitalisiert. Schlusslichter sind der Tourismus und das Sonstige Produzierende Gewerbe.
Phosphorylation of pericyte FAK-Y861 affects tumour cell apoptosis and tumour blood vessel regression
Authors: Lees Delphine M. , Reynolds Louise E. , Pedrosa Ana Rita , Roy-Luzarraga Marina , Hodivala-Dilke Kairbaan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in many cancer types and in vivo studies have shown that vascular endothelial cell FAK expression and FAK-phosphorylation at tyrosine (Y) 397, and subsequently FAK-Y861, are important in tumour angiogenesis. Pericytes also play a vital role in regulating tumour blood vessel stabilisation, but the specific involvement of pericyte FAK-Y397 and FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in tumour blood vessels is unknown. UsingPdgfrβCre + ;FAKWT/WT,PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY397F/Y397FandPdgfrβCre + ;FAKY861F/Y861Fmice, our data demonstrate that Lewis lung carcinoma tumour growth, tumour blood vessel density, blood vessel perfusion and pericyte coverage were affected only in late stage tumours inPdgfrβCre + ;FAKY861F/Y861Fbut notPdgfrβCre + ;FAKY397F/Y397Fmice. Further examination indicates a dual role for pericyte FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and also in the control of pericyte derived signals that influence apoptosis in cancer cells. Overall this study identifies the role of pericyte FAK-Y861 in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and tumour growth control and that non-phosphorylatable FAK-Y861F in pericytes reduces tumour growth and blood vessel density.
Optimal feedback control of stock prices under credit risk dynamics
Authors: Shao Jinghai , Mitra Sovan , Karathanasopoulos Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we provide a stock price model that explicitly incorporates credit risk, under a stochastic optimal control system. The stock price model also incorporates the managerial control of credit risk through a control policy in the stochastic system. We provide explicit conditions on the existence of optimal feedback controls for the stock price model with credit risk. We prove the continuity of the value function, and then prove the dynamic programming principle for our system. Finally, we prove the Viscosity Solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. This paper is particularly relevant to industry, as the impact of credit risk upon stock prices has been prominent since the commencement of the Global Financial Crisis.
microRNA-21-5p from M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promotes the differentiation and activity of pancreatic cancer stem cells by mediating KLF3
Authors: Chang Jian , Li Hanjun , Zhu Zhongchao , Mei Pei , Hu Weimin , Xiong Xingcheng , Tao Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim
Given the fact that tumor-associated macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attributable to tumor aggressiveness, this research intends to decode the mechanism of M2 macrophage-derived EVs in the differentiation and activities of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) stem cells via delivering microRNA (miR)-21-5p.

Methods
Polarized M2 macrophages were induced, from which EVs were collected and identified. miR-21-5p expression in M2 macrophage-derived EVs was tested. After cell sorting, CD24+CD44+EpCAM+ stem cells were co-cultured with M2 macrophages, in which miR-21-5p was upregulated or downregulated. The effects of M2 macrophage-derived EVs and miR-21-5p on Nanog/octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression, sphere formation, colony formation, invasion and migration capacities, apoptosis, and in vivo tumorigenic ability were examined. Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) expression and its interaction with miR-21-5p were determined.

Results
M2 macrophage-derived EVs promoted PaCa stem cell differentiation and activities. miR-21a-5p was upregulated in M2 macrophage-derived EVs. miR-21a-5p downregulation in M2 macrophage-derived EVs inhibited Nanog/Oct4 expression and impaired sphere-forming, colony-forming, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptosis abilities of PaCa stem cells in vitro and tumorigenic ability in vivo. miR-21-5p targeted KLF3 to mediate the differentiation and activities of PaCa stem cells, and KLF3 was downregulated in PaCa stem cells.

Conclusion
This work explains that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p stimulates differentiation and activity of PaCa stem cells via targeting KLF3, paving a novel way for attenuating PaCa stemness.

Graphical abstract
Endocrine disrupting potency and toxicity of novel sophorolipid quaternary ammonium salts
Authors: Liwarska-Bizukojc Ewa , Stevens Christian V. , Delbeke Elisabeth I. P. , Van Geem Kevin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new class of biosurfactants, namely quaternary ammonium sophorolipids (SQAS), suitable for pharmaceutical applications, was tested for the evaluation of their (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic potency with the help of YES/YAS assays. Also their toxicity towards yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (Escherichia coli) was checked. The results achieved for SQAS, which can be regarded as potential micropollutants, were compared with those obtained for two well-known micropollutants diclofenac and 17α-ethinylestradiol subjected to the same testing procedures. This work demonstrated that acetylation of the hydroxyl group of the carbohydrate head of SQAS decreased the toxicity of this class of biosurfactants towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, it contributed to the decrease of their endocrine disrupting potency. None of the SQAS studied showed clear agonist activity for female or male hormones. SQAS1 and SQAS2 revealed weak antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic potency. All of these properties were weaker, not only to the potency of the appropriate positive control in the antagonists bioassays, but also compared to the potency of other tested compounds, i.e. DCF and EE2. SQAS3 possessed most probably inhibitory activity towards male hormones. Moreover, cytotoxicity of two out of four studied SQAS at the highest concentrations towards the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae interfered with the endocrine disruption activity. It would be also worth studying it with the use of another endocrine activity test.
Genome‐wide identification of mlo genes in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Traore Sy Mamadou , Han Suoyi , Binagwa Papias , Xu Wen , Chen Xiangyu , Liu Fengzhen , He Guohao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPowdery mildew disease caused by Oidium arachidis poses a threat to peanut production in Africa. Loss of function mutants of specific Mlo (Mildew Locus O) genes have provided broad-spectrum and durable resistance against pathogen in many crop species. Since there is huge potential to utilize susceptibility gene-mediated resistance in crop improvement, genome-wide mining of susceptibility genes is required for further researches. However, the susceptibility genes have not been characterized in peanut genome. In this research study, the genome of the cultivated peanut was used as reference to identify the AhMlo loci. Our results revealed that 25 AhMlo loci were identified and distributed on the chromosomes of the cultivated peanut. Eleven AhMlo loci were located on the A-genome while the remaining 14 on the B-genome. Variable number of inserted intron sequences (4–14) and transmembrane helix (4–8) were observed in the coding sequence of the AhMlo loci. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the AhMlo loci along with homologs from other species has clustered the AhMlo loci into six clades. Three AhMlo loci were clustered in the clade V known to regroup the powdery susceptibility loci in dicots. Additionally, four core promoters were predicted on the promoter region of the specific AhMlo along with cis-regulatory elements related to PM susceptibility. These results provided strong evidence of the identification and distribution of the Mlo loci in the cultivated peanut genome and the identified specific AhMlo loci can be used for loss of susceptibility study.