Peculiarities of the immune status of patients with multidrug­resistant pulmonary tuberculosis after application of treatment regimens with bedaquiline and linezolid
Authors: Lapovets N.Ye. , Tkach O.A. , Platonova I.L. , Lapovets L.Ye. , Akimova V.M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective — to investigate immuno-metabolic homeostasis in patients with new and recurrent cases of destructive forms of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB) after treatment with bedaquiline and linezolid.
Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 175 people with MDR-PTB (89 patients with new cases and 86 patients with recurrent cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB). The study was performed before and after treatment with bedaquiline and linezolid. The total leukocytes count (L), the leukocyte differential count (leukocyte formula), was determined in all subjects, The content of populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes were calculated using monoclonal antibodies to CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD23+, CD56+ lymphocytes antigen in the reaction of indirect immunofluorescence. Quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulins was performed by Manchini radial immunodif­fusion in a gel. The level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was determined by the spectrophoto­metric method by precipitation in polyethylene glycol.
Results and discussion. In patients with new cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB to treatment revealed hypersensitivity reactions of the first and the fourth type. Expressed activation of humoral and killer parts of immunity detected. In patients with recurrent cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB before treatment, there are pronounced hypersensitivity reactions of the fourth type and activation of the humoral and killer parts of the immune system.Patients with new cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB after application of treatment regimens with bedaquiline and linezolid have hypersensitivity reactions of the first and fourth types. Activation of humo­ral and killer parts of immunity detected. In patients with recurrent cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB after the application of treatment regimens with bedaquiline and linezolid revealed a pronounced hypersensitivity reaction of the first type and activation of the killer and humoral parts of the immune system.
Conclusions. In patients with new cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB before treatment revealed T-cell immunodeficiency, which is expressed by a decrease in the level of T-lymphocytes (1.7 times relative to normal) and T-helpers (twice below normal). In patients with recurrent cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB before treatment revealed T-cell immunodeficiency with a marked decrease in the level of T-lymphocytes (1.8 times normal) and T-helpers (1.8 times below normal). In patients with new cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB after the application of treatment regimens with bedaquiline and linezolid revealed activation of the T-cell immune system due to increased levels of T-suppressors. In patients with recurrent cases of destructive forms of MDR-PTB after the application of treatment regimens with bedaquiline and linezolid revealed T-cell immunodeficiency due to the reduced content of T-lymphocytes (1.5 times below normal), namely T-helpers (1.9 times lower than normal).