bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Model for Loess Samples under Simulated Acid Rain Conditions
Authors: ye xia , Liu Enlong , Di Baofeng , yu yayang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the sulfuric acid solution is diluted to pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 to simulate the acid rain condition, and the triaxial compressional tests and scanning electron microscope are carried out to study the mechanical properties and evolution of the microstructure of the saturated loess samples. The results demonstrate that acid rain increases the porosity of loess samples, and the pore distribution is not uniform, so that the mechanical properties of loess samples change. With the decrease of pH value, the peak value of the deviatoric stress and the volumetric contraction of loess samples decreases, which causes the strength of soil to decrease. Furthermore, the framework of the chemical-mechanical model for loess under the action of acid rain is established, in which the loess is considered as porous medium material, and the variable of acid rain at different pH values through the degree of chemical reaction is taken into account in the double-hardening model, and the model is also verified by the triaxial test results finally.
Cullin3 Aggravates The Inflammatory Response of PDLSCs Via Regulation of Shh Signaling and Nrf2
Authors: Chen Wanhong , Su Jiangling , Cai Shixiong , Shi Chun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) was found to be correlated with inflammation degree of patients with periodontitis. Cullin3 is an important ubiquitin ligase for controlling Shh signaling. In this study, we exerted ourselves to clarify the roles of Shh and Cullin3 in P. gingivalis-LPS (Pg-LPS)-treated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods: Cell viability was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The inflammatory cytokines of PDLSCs were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein levels of Shh, Gli1 and NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) were determined via western blots. Alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate the differentiation and mineralization capabilities of PDLSCs. The apoptotic cells were screened by TUNEL staining. Results: Pg-LPS inhibited cell viability and triggered inflammation of PDLSCs. Overexpression of Cullin3 impeded the differentiation and mineralization capabilities of PDLSCs. Moreover, Cullin3 overexpression aggravated inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by Pg-LPS. Of note, while the protein levels of Shh, Gli1 and Nrf2 were elevated in PDLSCs treated with Pg-LPS, overexpression of Cullin3 decreased the expressions of them. Conclusion: Shh/Gli1 and Nrf2 were involved in the inflammation and cell apoptosis of PDLSCs, which was dominated by Cullin3.
A Theory of Skyrmion Size in Skyrmion Crystals
Authors: Wang X. R. , Wu H. T. , Hu X. C. , Jing K. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A magnetic skyrmion is a topological object that can exist as a solitary embedded in the vast ferromagnetic phase, or coexists with a group of its "siblings" in various stripy phases as well as skyrmion crystals (SkXs). Isolated skyrmions and skyrmions in an SkX are circular while a skyrmion in other phases is a stripe of various forms. Unexpectedly, the sizes of the three different class of skyrmions depend on material parameters differently. For chiral magnetic films with exchange stiffness constant A, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) strength D, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy K, κ=π2D2⁄(16AK)=1 separates isolated skyrmions from condensed skyrmion states. In contrast to isolated skyrmions whose size increases with D⁄K and is insensitive to κ<<1 and stripe skyrmions whose width increases with A⁄D and is insensitive to κ>>1, the size of skyrmions in SkXs is inversely proportional to the square root of skyrmion number density and decreases with A⁄D. This finding has important implications in searching for stable smaller skyrmions at the room temperature.
Housing, Husbandry, and Clinical Techniques for Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) used in Biomedical Research
Authors: Palillo Michael , Palillo Jack , Glon Mael , White Mary , Bidot Willie , Pintor Lauren , Bergdall Valerie , Malbrue Raphael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Crayfish (Decapoda: Astacoidea & Parastacoidea), are amongst the few animals that have stem cells within hemolymph, with the capacity to continuously produce differentiated neuronal structures throughout life. As crayfish and other invertebrates continue to become common models in research to study human disease, it is vital that we develop universal laboratory standards and guidelines on housing and husbandry practices. This publication presents introductory data on housing, husbandry, hemolymph collection and statistically supported anesthesia trials, to support future research endeavors. Evaluation of housing, husbandry, clinical and anesthetic techniques in Procambarus clarkii maintained in a biomedical research setting were performed. An option for hemolymph collection, in the area termed, the Ventral Coelomic Hemolymph Collection Zone (VCHCZ) is presented as a technique to assess hemocytes. Additionally, Wright Giemsa stained slides of crayfish hemolymph were evaluated by a board-certified veterinary clinical pathologist for interpretation and confirmation of hemolymph collection. The housing and husbandry experiments were performed over a duration of 37 days. Mortality rates and physical health assessments were performed. The following water quality parameters were concurrently evaluated: temperature, light cycle, pH, KH, GH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Anesthetic techniques were evaluated between four experimental groups: (A) immersion in buffered MS-222 (50 mg/L), (B) immersion in buffered MS-222 (150 mg/L) (C) immersion in Propofol (65 mg/L) and (D) Propofol injection (100 mg/kg) into VCHCZ. Housing and husbandry techniques were validated with 0% mortality and normal species-specific behaviors were observed. MS-222 immersion had no observable effect on crayfish. Propofol immersion (65 mg/L) created sedative effects allowing for appropriate handling. Propofol injection (100 mg/kg) into VCHCZ successfully created a deep anesthetic plane that would allow for more invasive or surgical procedures, without adverse effects during or after recovery.
Preparing for Partnerships in Cancer Care: An Explorative Analysis of the Role of Family-Based Caregivers
Authors: Harrison Reema , Raman Madhav , Walpola Ramesh Lahiru , Chauhan Ashfaq , Sansom-Daly Ursula 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Family-based ‘informal’ caregivers are critical to enable sustainable cancer care that produces optimal health outcomes people who are living with or have lived with cancer worldwide. The present study sought to explore the experiences of family-based caregivers for people with cancer, their role in providing clinical care for their loved ones, and views of the support needed to enable them to participate in healthcare partnerships.
Methods

Qualitative data was collected using focus group and interview methods. We purposively sampled caregivers identified as having a high burden of responsibility for providing clinical care including those from ethnic minority backgrounds, parental caregivers and those living rurally. Transcripts were subject to thematic analysis utilising a team-based approach.
Results

Family-based caregivers included spouses (11), parents (7), children (1), siblings (1). Ten participants were from ethnic minority backgrounds and five participants were from regional or rural locations. Four resulting inter-related themes were; 1) Dual burden of providing clinical care as a family-based caregiver; 2) Healthcare partnership dynamics; 3) Skillset Development, and 4) Unique supportive needs and barriers to access. These data provide evidence of the unique challenge of providing clinical care as part of family-based caregiving for a loved one with cancer, and the absence of support for caregivers to take up this role.
Conclusion

Our findings highlight the substantial contribution of family-based caregivers to the provision of cancer care in contemporary health systems. Inadequate support for caregivers is apparent with regard to their role in providing clinical aspects of care such as medication administration and management. Support programs to prepare caregivers to provide clinical care while building capacity to manage their stressors and emotions through this challenging period may be valuable towards sustainable, person-centred care.
The Automatic Detection of Caries in Third Molars on Panoramic Radiographs Using Deep Learning: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Kempers Steven , Limon Lorenzo , Deibel Dionne , Maal Thomas , Bergé Stefaan , Xi Tong , Hanisch Marcel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dental caries on panoramic radiographs using deep-learning algorithms. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on a reference data set consisted of 400 cropped panoramic images in the detection of carious lesions in mandibular and maxillary third molars, based on the CNN MobileNet V2. For this pilot study, the trained MobileNet V2 was applied on a test set consisting of 100 cropped OPG(s). The detection accuracy and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) were calculated. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 0.87, a sensitivity of 0.87, a specificity of 0.86 and an AUC of 0.90 for the detection of carious lesions of third molars on OPG(s). A high diagnostic accuracy was achieved in caries detection in third molars based on the MobileNet V2 algorithm as presented. This is beneficial for the further development of a deep-learning based automated third molar removal assessment in future.
Mobile&nbsp;and Intelligent Sensing for Video Watermarking Using Spectral Centroid and Haar Wavelet Transformation on High Performace Computing
Authors: S Venkatesh , R Saravanakumar , M SureshKumar , B sivakumar , T veeramakali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Some technologies are technologically advanced to provide security from illegal copying. Two complementary methods are encryption and watermarking. Encryption safeguards the information throughout the communication from the sender to the receiver. The data might present a distorted image after receipt and subsequent decryption. Watermarking complements encryption through embedding data openly into the image. Therefore, the watermark continuously remains existing in the data. A digital watermark is a category of indication secretly entrenched in a noise-tolerant signal similar to audio or else image information. It is indeed applied to distinguish copyright possession of such signal. Computer-aided hiding of the given digitized information in a carrier is known as watermarking. Digital watermarks possibly will be employed to validate the authenticity or integrity of a carrier signal or to determine source uniqueness. It is evidently applied for determining copyright contraventions and aimed at banknote verification. Analogous to traditional watermarks, digital watermarks are unique only beneath certain conditions. Once a digital watermark varies a carrier in a manner that it turns out to be noticeable, formerly it is of no use. The media will be visible by traditional watermarks (similar to images or else video) but the signal might be pictures, video, audio, texts or 3D models in digital watermarking. A signal can transmit some different watermarks at the equivalent time. Image watermarking is achieved in this study using two methods known as Hidden Markov Tree–Contourlet Wavelet Transform (HMT-CWT) and Haar wavelet transform – Discrete Fourier transform (HWT-DFT). In the next HWT-DFT method, a video is given as an input and it is split into two halves (audio and image). The audio is de-watermarked through Spectral Centroid Wavelet Transform and enhanced by utilizing Firefly procedure. The images is handled through HWT in addition to DFT. Then the output watermarked images and audio combined together to form a watermarked video. The obtained video is de-watermarked to produce the original copy of the video. The process of getting back the original copy by removing the watermark from the video is called as de-watermarking.
Biodegradation Control of Chitosan Materials By Surface Modification With Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates
Authors: Bryuzgin Evgeny , Bryuzgina Ekaterina , Yartseva Vitaliya , Belina Kristina , Makevnina Olga , Kolyaganova Olga , Klimov Victor , Navrotskiy Alexander , Novakov Ivan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chitosan is one of promising polymer from natural polysaccharides, which is an environmentally friendly compound from renewable raw materials. Chitosan has biodegradability, biocompatibility, and exhibits antimicrobial, antibacterial, and other activities. In this article, we report the first use of copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate and (fluoro)alkyl methacrylates as material surface wettability modifiers based on a chitosan, and we show that grafting of copolymers allows an increase in the hydrophobicity of films with contact angles up to 114° and up to 154° for aerogels. The resulting chitosan aerogels have high porosity with a pore size of 100–200 µm and the pore walls are 0.6–0.7 µm-thick film formations. Our study of lyophilic properties of modified chitosan substrates showed a change in the hydrophobicity of the materials as a function of length of the hydrocarbon radical in the side groups of (fluoro)alkyl methacrylates in the copolymers. Additionally, the rate of biodegradation of the resulting materials decreased with an increase in the number of hydrophobic groups in the modifier. Obtained chitosan materials with hydrophobic coatings have potential as a protective layer for wound dressings with an extended service life.
Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Fazeli Mehdi , Horri Ashkan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) was designed and gold metal was used as a sensitive plasmonic layer. Performance of this sensor was investigated using the finite element method (FEM) for refractive indexes (RI) of 1.33 to 1.41. This sensor has a sensitivity for the defined refractive indexes range between 2600 to 28921 nm/RIU at wavelengths of 650 to 1400 nm and has the highest resolution and best FOM with a value of 3.46×10 -6 RIU, 222.45 RIU -1 , respectively. Diagnosis of cancer by examining blood samples is one of the advantages of this sensor. Due to the simple structure of this sensor and its good performance, it can be used as a good diagnostic tool for analytes with different refractive index.
With a hint of Sudachi: food plating can facilitate the fondness of food
Authors: Kokaji Nao , Nakatani Masashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Among the senses of food, our sense of taste is significantly influenced by our perception. In appetite science, previous research reported that when we make estimate the quality in daily life, we rely considerably on visual information (Carlos et al., 2012). In this study, we focused on the multimodal mental imagery (Nanay, 2018) evoked by the visual information of food served on a plate and examined the effect of the peripheral visual information: garnish, on the sensory impression of the main dish. We conducted a sensory evaluation experiment to evaluate the impressions of food photographs and structured the sensory values using multivariate analysis. We found that the appearance of the garnish placed on the plates close to the main meal contributes to appetite arousal. Here we show that color, moisture, and taste (sourness and spices) play a major role in the decision. In order to arouse one’s appetite, it is important to make the main dish appear warmer. Our results can be used to modulate eating experience and appetite arousal. Applying these results for meals can contribute toward making the dining experience more attractive by superimposing visual information on it with XR technology, or by presenting real appropriate garnishes.
Collection and use of human materials during TB clinical research; a review of practices
Authors: Ochieng Joseph , Kwagala Betty , Sewankambo Nelson 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Human biological materials are usually stored for possible uses in future research because they preserve valuable biological information, save time and resources which would have been spent on collection of fresh samples and are less burdensome to sample sources. However, use of these materials may pose ethical challenges like disclosure of genetic information about an individual or a community which may lead to dire consequences. Others include, stigma, psychological harm, discrimination or bio-security implications rendering sample sources vulnerable, lack of control over the materials or associated data, storage, who owns them, how they are used, for what, by whom and how benefits are shared if any. We evaluated how the tuberculosis (TB) clinical research protocols that were used to collect and store biological materials for future use conform to the requirements stated in the Uganda national guidelines for research involving humans as participants.Methods: This was a retrospective review of TB clinical research projects approved by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) from 2011 to 2015, on whether they fulfilled the requirement for ethical collection and use of human materials. Data was abstracted from review of the project protocols and collected using a template developed based on the informed consent and the Materials Transfer Agreement (MTA) requirements in the national guidelines.Results: Out of 55 research protocols reviewed most of the protocols, 46 (83.6%), had been used to collect the stored samples (sputum, blood and sometimes urine), 13 (28%) had a section on specimen collection and 24% mentioned ownership of the biological materials.Review of the consent forms used in the studies that stored materials for future use, only 9% of the protocols had a separate consent form for storage of materials, 4.5% of the consent forms explained the risks, 11.4% explained the purpose of the study while 6.8% mentioned the place of storage for the collected materials.Conclusion: Many of the studies reviewed did not meet the requirements for collection and storage of biological materials contained in the national guidelines.
Identification of Candidate Biomarkers Correlated Poorer Prognosis of Breast Cancer via Bioinformatics Method
Authors: Chen Gang , Yu Mingwei , Cao Jianqiao , Zhao Huishan , Dai Yuanping , Cong Yizi , Qiao Guangdong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a malignancy with a high incidence among women in the world, and it is very urgent to identify significant biomarkers and molecular therapy methods.Methods: Total 58 normal tissues and 203 cancer tissues were collected from three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) gene expression profiles, and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway were analyzed. Additionally, hub genes were screened by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, we explored the prognostic values and molecular mechanism of these hub genes Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: 42 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated DEGs were screened out from GEO datasets. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly related to cell cycles and cell proliferation. Furthermore, 12 hub genes (FN1, AURKA, CCNB1, BUB1B, PRC1, TPX2, NUSAP1, TOP2A, KIF20A, KIF2C, RRM2, ASPM) with a high degree of genes were selected, among which, 11 hub gene were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients with BC. From GSEA reviewed correlated with KEGG_CELL_CYCLE and HALLMARK_P53_PATHWAY. Conclusion: this study identified 11 key genes as BC potential prognosis biomarkers on the basis of integrated bioinformatics analysis. This finding will improve our knowledge of the BC progress and mechanisms.
Poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds synchronous with the deglacial rise in CO2
Authors: Gray William , de Lavergne Casimir , Wills Robert Jnglin , Menviel Laurie , Spence Paul , Holzer Mark , Kageyama Masa , Michel Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds strongly influence deep ocean circulation and carbon storage1. While the westerlies are hypothesised to play a key role in regulating atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial cycles2–4, past changes in their position and strength remain poorly constrained5–7. Here, we use a compilation of planktic foraminiferal δ18O from across the Southern Ocean and constraints from an ensemble of climate models to reconstruct changes in the westerlies over the last deglaciation. We find a 4.7° (2.9-6.9°, 95% confidence interval) equatorward shift and about a 25% weakening of the westerlies during the Last Glacial Maximum (about 20,000 years ago) relative to the mid-Holocene (about 6,000 years ago). Our reconstruction shows that the poleward shift in the westerlies over deglaciation closely mirrors the rise in atmospheric CO2. Experiments with a 0.25° resolution ocean-sea-ice-carbon model demonstrate that shifting the westerlies equatorward substantially reduces the overturning rate of the abyssal ocean, leading to a suppression of CO2 outgassing from the Southern Ocean. Our results establish a central role for the westerly winds in driving the deglacial CO2 rise, and suggest natural CO2 outgassing from the Southern Ocean is likely to increase as the westerlies shift poleward due to anthropogenic warming8–10.
An investigation into the avoidability of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome
Authors: Danjuma Mohammed , Naseralallah Lina , AbouJabal Bodoor , Mohamed Mouhand , Abubeker Ibrahim , Jabbar Layla , Elzouki Abdelnaser 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rising morbidity amongst hospitalized patients. Significant uncertainty remains regarding its exact diagnostic tool. Whilst algorithms for management of index cases have been well established, examination of its potential preventability by utilizing novel “avoidability” tools have remained unexplored.Methods This prospective study is comprised of patients who presented to emergency department of Weill Cornell Medicine-affiliated Hamad General Hospital, Doha Qatar with suspected DRESS syndrome. These cases were comparatively adjudicated and ascertained independently using RegiSCAR, and JSCAR tools by two clinical pharmacists and two General Physicians. They were subsequently rated for potential avoidability utilizing the Liverpool adverse drug reactions avoidability tool (LAAT) by the same team of raters.Results A total of 16 patients satisfy RegiSCAR criteria for DRESS syndrome. The mean age of the study population was 41.5 (SD ± 13.3) years, with a disproportionately male phenotype (n = 12; [75%]). The median latent period from drug ingestion to clinical presentation was 14 days (IQR 6.5, 29). The median RegiSCAR and J-SCAR scores were 6 (IQR 5, 6.8), 5 (IQR 4, 5.8) respectively. Utilizing the LAAT tool, about 60% of the DRESS syndrome-drug pairs were rated as “avoidable” (“probable” or “definite”). The overall Krippendorf’s alpha with the LAAT was 0.81 (SE 0.10, CI 0.59–1.00); with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.90 (CI 0.77, 0.96.).Conclusion In a randomly selected cohort of DRESS syndrome-drug pairs, the LAAT tool showed a significant proportion that were potentially avoidable (“possibly” and “definitely”). This will need validation by large sample sized prospective studies utilizing the updated LAAT tool proposed by this study.