bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Type of Biological Glue Derived from Fish Swim Bladder: Outstanding Adhesion and Surgical Applications
Authors: Xiao Lingling , Sun Yao , Wang Zili , Wang Fan , Sun Jing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanical strong adhesives have been widely explored in many technical fields. Therefore, a great deal of efforts has been devoted to the widespread investigation of synthetic adhesives and bioadhesives. Nevertheless, it is a crucial challenge to produce economical and practical protein‐based adhesives with robust adhesion properties for biomedical applications. In this study, the fish swim bladder as raw materials to produce robust adhesives by simple heating‐cooling treatment is utilized. The resulting fish swim bladder glue (FSG) reveals excellent lap shear strength on various hard substrates, especially wood and glass, exceeding many commercial available adhesives and artificial protein‐based adhesives. In addition, FSG also has low cytotoxicity and minimal inflammatory response, which exhibits considerable adhesion on soft tissues. Notably, the biocompatibility and biodegradability together with robust adhesion performance endow FSG the capacity in accelerating the wound healing and skin regeneration. Overall, these studies provide insight into the protein‐based adhesives from natural resources.
Semitransparent Layers of Social Self‐Sorting Merocyanine Dyes for Ultranarrow Bandwidth Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Schembri Tim , Kim Jin Hong , Liess Andreas , Stepanenko Vladimir , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo dipolar merocyanines consisting of the same π‐conjugated chromophore but different alkyl substituents adopt very different packing arrangements in their respective solid state with either H‐ or J‐type exciton coupling, leading to ultranarrow absorption bands at 477 and 750 nm, respectively, due to exchange narrowing. The social self‐sorting behavior of these push‐pull chromophores in their mixed thin films is evaluated and the impact on morphology as well as opto‐electronical properties is determined. The implementation of this well‐tuned two‐component material with tailored optical features allows to optimize planar heterojunction organic photodiodes with fullerene ​(C60) with either dual or single wavelength selectivity in the blue and NIR spectral range with ultranarrow bandwidths of only 11 nm (200 cm−1) and an external quantum efficiency of up to 18% at 754 nm under 0 V bias. The application of these photodiodes as low‐power consuming heart rate monitors is demonstrated by a reflectance‐mode photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor.
Adaptive change in simulation education: Comparison of effectiveness of a communication skill curriculum on death notification using in‐person methods versus a digital communication platform
Authors: Hughes Mary , Gerstner Brett , Bona Anna , Falvo Lauren , Schroedle Karen , Cooper Dylan , Sarmiento Elisa , Hobgood Cherri , Ahmed Rami 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMandates to social distance and “shelter in place” during the COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated the exploration of new academic content delivery methods. Digital communication platforms (DCP; e.g., Zoom) were widely used to facilitate content delivery, yet little is known about DCP’s capacity or effectiveness, especially for simulation.ObjectiveThe objective was to compare the experience, outcomes, and resources required to implement a simulation‐based communication skill curriculum on death notification to a cohort of learners using in‐person versus DCP delivery of the same content.MethodsWe used the GRIEV_ING mnemonic to train students in death notification techniques either in person or utilizing a DCP. For all learners, three measures were collected: knowledge, confidence, and performance. Individual learners completed knowledge and confidence assessments pre‐ and postintervention. All performance assessments were completed by standardized patients (SPs) in real time. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to identify differences in individual and between‐group performances.ResultsThirty‐four learners participated (N = 34), 22 in person and 12 via DCP. There was a statistically significant improvement in both groups for all three measures: knowledge, confidence, and performance. Between‐group comparisons revealed a difference in pretest confidence but no differences between groups in knowledge or performance. More preparation and prior planning were required to set up the DCP environment than the in‐person event.ConclusionsThe in‐person and DCP delivery of death notification training were comparable in their ability to improve individual knowledge, confidence, and performance. Additional preparation time, training, and practice with DCPs may be required for SPs, faculty, and learners less familiar with this technology.
From the Luttrell Psalter to the Lobster Boy: Split hand and foot awaken many facets of human nature
Authors: McPherson Elspeth , McPherson Heather 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA marginal illustration of a non‐ambulatory child in the 14th Century Luttrell Psalter is the earliest currently identifiable image of an individual with Split Hand Split Foot with Long Bone Deficiency (SHFLD). Changes in portrayal of SHFLD over the centuries reflect changes in social perception of disabilities from pious sympathy to scientific curiosity and unfortunately also morbid fascination. Hopefully understanding of the past attitudes toward split hand and foot as reflected in art can help in moving toward acceptance of individuals with this highly visible malformation.
Asymmetric faces: Symbolic, spiritual, and representative
Authors: Scheuerle Angela E. , Firth Roswitha Mohs 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn humans, physically attractive faces are measurably, though subtly, asymmetric. As asymmetry increases, it has a negative impact. Medically, asymmetry can be congenital or acquired. Symbolically, it has varied connotations from playfulness and complexity to despair and corruption. In Chinese opera, stylized make‐up exaggerates the features, and aspects of the “mask” indicate qualities of the character. The asymmetric faces belong to characters who are corrupt, devious, or evil. In the Dan culture of western Africa, performance masks channel spirits in the community. A spirit with asymmetric facial mask exemplifies ugliness and moral failing. The Nasca culture of South America made generic figures of farmers, deities, and so on, but not of individuals. However, there is evidence of mutual influence between the Nasca and the Wari, with whom they traded. A clay figure apparently representing an individual, or at least a very specific recognized persona, is a ball player with facial asymmetry presumably due to injury. Here the message is one of fierceness and strength. The relative rarity of asymmetric facial depictions compared to symmetric ones is cross‐cultural. This implies that asymmetry is special somehow, in all connotations of that term.
Dutch teratological collections and their artistic portrayals
Authors: Boer Lucas L. , de Rooy Laurens , Oostra Roelof‐Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral teratologic collections containing specimens with malformations and syndromes are maintained in a number of Dutch anatomical museums. Technically, these are not works of art or antiquities. However, many have been depicted in illustrations of such high quality that they merit discussion here. We review a selection of specimens and their artistic portrayals which find their origin in four Dutch teratological collections. These museum specimens are more than just intriguing objects for the inquisitive museum visitor. As we will substantiate, these specimens—and their artistic depictions—can be used to find and describe rarely occurring birth defects, provide etiopathogenetic information and are a source of novel diagnosis. Additionally, we briefly discuss the ethical aspects and motivations of exhibiting these specimens, as these collections have to be protected meticulously by the new generation of museum professionals, who eventually determine what kind of past our future will have. It is therefore imperative that these collections of antique specimens are treasured as their importance is easily overlooked.
A systematic study on the effects of synthesis conditions of polyamide selective layer on the CO2/N2 separation of thin film composite polyamide membranes
Authors: Kamali Mahsa , Gharibi Fatemeh , Sharif Alireza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDifferent top layer fabrication methods (amine‐first, acid‐first, spin coating), organic phase solvents (hexane, heptane, mixed hexane/heptane), acid acceptors (triethylamine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide), and surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate concentrations (0, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%) were utilized to fabricate thin film composite polyamide membranes for CO2/N2 separation. The results, according to an L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi approach, showed that employing acid‐first method increases both CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity of the membranes at a feed gas pressure of 3 bars. On the other hand, sodium hydroxide, and triethylamine should be used, as acid acceptors, to maximize CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity, respectively. Moreover, the use of hexane solvent and 0 wt% surfactant led to maximum permeance, while, hexane solvent and 0.1 wt% surfactant were needed to reach the highest selectivity. The above level setting of synthesis parameters also resulted in the minimum sensitivity of the fabrication process to the noise factors effects. As shown by the analysis of variance, acid acceptor, and organic solvent types were the most influential parameters on CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity, respectively. The effects of fabrication method and surfactant concentration, as single factors, on permeation/selectivity responses were also investigated.
Enhancement of electromechanical properties of natural rubber by adding barium titanate filler: An electro‐mechanical study
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Ahmad Dilshad , Patra Karali , Hossain Mokarram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural rubber is one of the most potential electro‐active polymers for sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting applications. Enhancing the characteristic properties of polymers by reinforcing with fillers that possess multifunctional attributes have attracted considerable attention. In the present study, barium titanate reinforced natural rubber composite is prepared by using two‐roll mill mixing. Afterwards, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of the composites are extensively analyzed by reinforcing different amounts of barium titanate into the matrix of natural rubber. The fabricated dielectric composite shows excellent properties such as high dielectric constant, low dielectric losses, high dielectric breakdown strength, and extreme stretchability. It is observed that as the filler loading reaches the value of 11 parts per hundred rubber (phr), maximum agglomeration of the particles occurs. Maximum stretchability and highest ratio of dielectric constant to elastic modulus are obtained at 8 phr of barium titanate fillers and at the loading, a maximum actuation strain of 11.24% is achieved. This study provides a simple, economical, and effective method for preparing enhanced mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of natural rubber composites, facilitating the wide applications of dielectric materials as actuators and generators.
Interleukin‐34 Reprograms Glycolytic and Osteoclastic Rheumatoid Arthritis Macrophages via Syndecan 1 and Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor Receptor
Authors: Van Raemdonck Katrien , Umar Sadiq , Palasiewicz Karol , Volin Michael V. , Elshabrawy Hatem A. , Romay Bianca , Tetali Chandana , Ahmed Azam , Amin M. Asif , Zomorrodi Ryan K. , Sweiss Nadera , Shahrara Shiva 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), elevated serum interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) levels are linked with increased disease severity. IL‐34 binds to 2 receptors, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor (M‐CSFR) and syndecan 1, which are coexpressed in RA macrophages. Expression of both IL‐34 and syndecan 1 is strikingly elevated in the RA synovium, yet their mechanisms of action remain undefined. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of IL‐34 in RA.MethodsTo characterize the significance of IL‐34 in immunometabolism, its mechanism of action was elucidated in joint macrophages, fibroblasts, and T effector cells using RA and preclinical models.ResultsIntriguingly, syndecan 1 activated IL‐34–induced M‐CSFR phosphorylation and reprogrammed RA naive cells into distinctive CD14+CD86+GLUT1+ M34 macrophages that expressed elevated levels of IL‐1β, CXCL8, and CCL2. In murine M34 macrophages, the inflammatory phenotype was accompanied by potentiated glycolytic activity, exhibited by transcriptional up‐regulation of GLUT1, c‐Myc, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and amplified pyruvate and l‐lactate secretion. Local expression of IL‐34 provoked arthritis by expanding the glycolytic F4/80‐positive, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)–positive macrophage population, which in turn attracted fibroblasts and polarized Th1/Th17 cells. The cross‐talk between murine M34 macrophages and Th1/Th17 cells broadened the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes, resulting in the expansion of IL‐34 pathogenicity. Consequently, IL‐34–instigated joint inflammation was alleviated in RAG−/− mice compared to wild‐type mice. Syndecan 1 deficiency attenuated IL‐34–induced arthritis by interfering with joint glycolytic M34 macrophage and osteoclast remodeling. Similarly, inhibition of glycolysis by 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose reversed the joint swelling and metabolic rewiring triggered by IL‐34 via HIF‐1α and c‐Myc induction.ConclusionIL‐34 is a novel endogenous factor that remodels hypermetabolic M34 macrophages and facilitates their cross‐regulation with T effector cells to advance inflammatory bone destruction in RA.
RNA Externalized by Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promotes Inflammatory Pathways in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Blanco Luz P. , Wang Xinghao , Carlucci Philip M. , Torres‐Ruiz Jose Jiram , Romo‐Tena Jorge , Sun Hong‐Wei , Hafner Markus , Kaplan Mariana J. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular lattices composed of nucleic material bound to neutrophil granule proteins. NETs may play pathogenic roles in the development and severity of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), at least in part, through induction of type I interferon (IFN) responses via externalization of oxidized immunostimulatory DNA. A distinct subset of SLE proinflammatory neutrophils (low‐density granulocytes [LDGs]) displays enhanced ability to form proinflammatory NETs that damage the vasculature. We undertook this study to assess whether NET‐bound RNA can contribute to inflammatory responses in endothelial cells (ECs) and the pathways that mediate this effect.MethodsExpression of newly synthesized and total RNA was quantified in NETs from healthy controls and lupus patients. The ability of ECs to take up NET‐bound RNA and downstream induction of type I IFN responses were quantified. RNAs present in NETs were sequenced and specific small RNAs were tested for induction of endothelial type I IFN pathways.ResultsNETs extruded RNA that was internalized by ECs, and this was enhanced when NET‐bound nucleic acids were oxidized, particularly in lupus LDG–derived NETs. Internalization of NET‐bound RNA by ECs was dependent on endosomal Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and the actin cytoskeleton and induced type I IFN–stimulated genes (ISGs). This ISG induction was dependent on NET‐associated microRNA let‐7b, a small RNA expressed at higher levels in LDG‐derived NETs, which acted as a TLR‐7 agonist.ConclusionThese findings highlight underappreciated roles for small RNAs externalized in NETs in the induction of proinflammatory responses in vascular cells, with implications for lupus vasculopathy.
Marginal lands providing tree‐crop biomass as feedstock for solid biofuels
Authors: Kamperidou Vasiliki , Terzopoulou Paschalina , Barboutis Ioannis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, materials from stem, branches and bark of three native forest species from the Mediterranean region – Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), black pine (Pinus nigra L.), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – were harvested from marginal lands in north Greece, and were thoroughly characterized on the basis of their physical properties, combustion characteristics, chemical composition, and ash elemental analysis. The potential of these fast‐growing, drought‐tolerant species to function as sustainable feedstock for solid biofuel production has been proven to be high, with black pine showing the strongest potential. The materials, especially stems and branches, presented low moisture and ash content, and high calorific value attributed to high lignin content, in comparison with species grown on conventional lands. The ashes, being produced from processed materials, mainly consist of Ca, K, S, and P as major elements, while their toxic element contents are negligible, increasing the potential for the ash to be utilized in fertilization. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Natural source of carbon dots from part of a plant and its applications: a review
Authors: Humaera Nurul Amalia , Fahri Ahmad Nurul , Armynah Bidayatul , Tahir Dahlang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are carbon nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm, and are synthesized from various sources; they have been of great interest to scientists worldwide due to their unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties. Sources of carbon are inexpensive and can be classified as a renewable natural resources. Many researchers use CDs because of their low toxicity, better water solubility, high biocompatibility, and stable photoluminescence. The simple methods for producing CDs are hydrothermal and use inexpensive equipment, have low energy consumption, simple manipulation, and one‐step preparation. Since the discovery of CDs, researchers have used them in various applications such as sensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and catalysis. In this review, CDs synthesized from natural resources such as samples from herbs, roots, leaves, flowers, and fruit and some applications are described. This review provides a summary of carbon dots that is expected to provide further information for development of new CDs.
Promoting cultural awareness, professionalism, and communication skills in medicine through anatomy: The Deaf culture session
Authors: Greene Sarah J. , Scott Jessica A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe anatomy curriculum is a place where professionalism can be learned and practiced, including training in cultural competence and communication skills for working with diverse populations. One population that has received little attention in terms of medical education are d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/DHH) patients, although there is much evidence to support health care disparities in this population. Several major contributing factors include differing views of deafness between medical professionals and those who are culturally Deaf, a lack of understanding of Deaf culture and American Sign Language (ASL) by medical professionals, a lack of educational resources in ASL, and poor experiences in health care. To address this need, a Deaf Culture Applied Anatomy session was incorporated into the first‐year curriculum at Morehouse School of Medicine while medical students were studying anatomy of the ear and hearing. Panelists, who were culturally Deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing children of deaf adults, shared their experiences in healthcare, including challenges they faced with communication and care. Surveys were provided to students before and after the panel session. Surveys indicated a lack of knowledge prior to this session, while also demonstrating that this 90‐min session improved students' understanding of effective communication with future patients and issues related to deafness. Qualitative feedback also suggested that the students found the session to be personally and professionally beneficial. Implementing the Deaf Culture session was an effective means for introducing students to Deaf culture and working with d/DHH patients.
Contemporary use of guideline‐based higher potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor therapy in patients with moderate‐to‐high risk non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: Results from the Canadian ACS reflective II cross‐sectional study
Authors: Patel Ashish , Goodman Shaun G. , Tan Mary , Suskin Neville , McKelvie Robert , Mathew Andrew L. , Lutchmedial Sohrab , Dehghani Payam , Lavoie Andrea J. , Huynh Thao , Lavi Shahar , Philipp Roger , Khan Razi , Yan Andrew T. , Radhakrishnan Sam , Sedlak Tara , Brunner Nathan , Kim Hahn Hoe , Cieza Tomas , Kassam Saleem , Fordyce Christopher B. , Heffernan Michael , Jedrzkiewicz Sean , Madan Mina , Ahmed Shaheeda , Barry Colin , Dery Jean‐Pierre , Bagai Akshay ,   for the Canadian ACS Reflective II Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter myocardial infarction, guidelines recommend higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, namely ticagrelor and prasugrel, over clopidogrel.HypothesisWe aimed to determine the contemporary use of higher‐potency antiplatelet therapy in Canadian patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).MethodsA total of 684 moderate‐to‐high risk NSTEMI patients were enrolled in the prospective Canadian ACS Reflective II registry at 12 Canadian hospitals and three clinics in five provinces between July 2016 and May 2018. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to assess factors independently associated with higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor use at discharge.ResultsAt hospital discharge, 78.3% of patients were treated with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. Among patients discharged on a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, use of higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor was 61.4%. After adjustment, treatment in‐hospital with PCI (OR 4.48, 95%CI 3.34–6.03, p < .0001) was most strongly associated with higher use of higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, while oral anticoagulant use at discharge (OR 0.03, 95%CI 0.01–0.12, p < .0001), and atrial fibrillation (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.17–0.98, p = .046) were most strongly associated with lower use of higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. Use of higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor varied across provinces (range, 21.6%–78.9%).DiscussionIn contemporary Canadian practice, approximately 60% of moderate‐to‐high risk NSTEMI patients discharged on a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor are treated with a higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. In addition to factors that increase risk of bleeding, interprovincial differences in practice patterns were associated with use of higher‐potency P2Y12 receptor inhibitor at discharge. Opportunities remain for further optimization of evidence‐based, guideline‐recommended antiplatelet therapy use.
Self‐Asymmetric Yolk–Shell Photocatalytic ZnO Micromotors
Authors: Wang Linlin , Borrelli Mino , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale fabrication of self‐propelled micromotors is crucial to reach practical applications, but batch processes in manufacture make it challenging. Here, a novel ZnO yolk‐shell structure from large‐scale synthesis is introduced as photocatalytic micromotor. The self‐asymmetry of the yolk‐shell structure enables them to create asymmetric gradients, leading to autonomous motion. Benefiting from the inner void space, the ZnO micromotors possess higher incident light utilization and a larger surface area for photocatalytic reactions. Moreover, when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, ZnO partially transforms into ZnO2 forming a beneficial ZnO2/ZnO heterojunction for separation of photo‐generated carriers, enhancing the photochemical reactions and thereby the motion. This combination of yolk‐shell structure and ZnO2/ZnO heterojunction formation provides a prospective approach for large‐scale asymmetric micromotor fabrication and may open new horizons for designing versatile photocatalytic micromotors.