bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new regime that “FIRE”s fusion plasmas for long sustained and high performance reactor conditions
Authors: Na Yong-Su , Han Hyunsun , Park Sangjin , Kang Jisung , Lee Young-Ho , Jung Jinil , Cha Minsoo , Choi Gyungjin , Choi Minjun , Gwak Jinwoo , Hahm Taik Soo , Hahn Sang Hee , Jang Juhyeok , Lee Kwan Chul , Kim Boseong , Kim Junghee , Kim SangKyeun , Kim Woong Chae , Ko Jinseok , Ko Wonha , Lee Chanyoung , Lee Jaehyun , Lee Jekil , Lee Jungpyo , Lee Kyu-Dong , Park Jong-Kyu , Park Young-Seok , Seo Jaemin , Sung Choongki , Yang SeongMoo , Yoon Siwoo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We report a discovery of a fusion plasma regime suitable for commercial fusion reactor where the ion temperature was sustained above 100 million degree about 20 s for the first time. Nuclear fusion as a promising technology for replacing carbon-dependent energy sources has currently many issues to be resolved to enable its large-scale use as a sustainable energy source. State-of-the-art fusion reactors cannot yet achieve the high levels of fusion performance, high temperature, and absence of instabilities required for steady-state operation for a long period of time on the order of hundreds of seconds. This is a pressing challenge within the field, as the development of methods that would enable such capabilities is essential for the successful construction of commercial fusion reactor. Here, a new plasma confinement regime called fast ion roled enhancement (FIRE) mode is presented. This mode is realized at Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) and subsequently characterized to show that it meets most of the requirements for fusion reactor commercialization. Through a comparison to other well-known plasma confinement regimes, the favourable properties of FIRE mode are further elucidated and concluded that the novelty lies in the high fraction of fast ions, which acts to stabilize turbulence and achieve steady-state operation for up to 20 s by self-organization. We propose this mode as a promising path towards commercial fusion reactors.
Association between triglyceride–glucose index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: li wei , Wang Yan , He Feng , Liu Zhuo , Zhang Yuqi , Li Tianfang , Liu Shengyun , Chen En 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipid and glucose metabolism abnormalities are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index is a recently developed indicator that can identify individuals at risk for NAFLD. However, the applicability of the TyG index for identifying NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the TyG index to identify individuals at risk for NAFLD in the T2DM population.
Methods
A total of 2280 participants with T2DM were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The TyG index was calculated, and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of the TyG index, glycemic parameters and lipid parameters with NAFLD.
Results
Logistic regression analysis showed that the TyG index was significantly associated with NAFLD in subjects with T2DM, the odds ratio (OR) were 3.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03–5.27; P < 0.001) for NAFLD in the highest TyG quartile after adjustment for known confounders (Model 4). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point of the TyG index for the risk of NAFLD was 9.3 with an area under the ROC curve of 0.683 (95% CI 0.658–0.707), a sensitivity of 60.6%, and a specificity of 65.8%. In stratified analysis, an elevated TyG index is significantly associated with NAFLD in younger patients (<65 years; OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.83–3.02; P < 0.001), females (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.67–4.32; P < 0.001), patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.01–3.91; P < 0.0001), and with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1 mmol/L; OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.98–3.83; P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The TyG index is remarkably associated with NAFLD and shows superior discriminative ability for NAFLD risk compared with other lipid and glycemic parameters in the T2DM population.
Radiomics Analysis Based on CT’s greater-omental caking for Predicting Pathological Grading of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Zhou Nan , Dou Ruixue , Zhai Xichao , Fang Jingyang , Wang Jiajun , Ma Ruiqing , Xu Jingxu , cui Bin , Lei Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to predict the preoperative pathological grading and survival period of Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) by establishing models, including a radiomics model with greater mental caking as the imaging observation index, a clinical model including clinical indexes, and a combination model of these two.Methods: A total of 88 PMP patients were selected. Clinical data of patients, including age, sex, preoperative serum tumor markers [CEA, CA125, and CA199], survival time, and preoperative computed tomography (CT) images were analyzed. Three models (clinical model, radiomics model and joint model) were used to predict PMP pathological grading. The models’ diagnostic efficiency was compared and analyzed by building the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Simultaneously, the impact of PMP’s different pathological grades was evaluated.Results: The results showed that the radiomics model based on the CT’s greater omental caking, an area under the ROC curve ([AUC] = 0.878), and the combined model (AUC = 0.899) had diagnostic power n for determining PMP pathological grade.Conclusion: The imaging radiomics model based on CT greater omental caking can be used to predict PMP pathological grade, which is important in the treatment selection method and prognosis assessment.
RiboPlotR: a Visualization Tool for Periodic Ribo-seq Reads
Authors: Wu Hsin-Yen Larry , Hsu Polly Yingshan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Ribo-seq has revolutionized the study of genome-wide mRNA translation. High-quality Ribo-seq data display strong 3-nucleotide (nt) periodicity, which corresponds to translating ribosomes deciphering three nts at a time. While 3-nt periodicity has been widely used to study novel translation events such as upstream ORFs in 5’ untranslated regions and small ORFs in presumed non-coding RNAs, tools that allow the visualization of these events remain underdeveloped.Results: RiboPlotR is a visualization package written in R that presents both RNA-seq coverage and Ribo-seq reads in genomic coordinates for all annotated transcript isoforms of a gene. Specifically, for individual isoform models, RiboPlotR plots Ribo-seq data related to splice junctions and presents the reads for all three reading frames in three different colors. Moreover, RiboPlotR shows Ribo-seq reads in upstream ORFs, 5' and 3' untranslated regions and introns, which is critical for observing new translation events and identifying potential regulatory mechanisms.Conclusions: RiboPlotR is freely available (https://github.com/hsinyenwu/RiboPlotR and https://sourceforge.net/projects/riboplotr/) and allows the visualization of translated features identified in Ribo-seq data.
Data Driven Identification of Plasma Metabolite Clusters and Metabolites of Interest for Potential Detection of Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cases Versus Cancer-Free Controls
Authors: Kim Julian Oliver , Balshaw Robert , Trevena Connel , Banerji Shantanu , Murphy Leigh , Dawe David , Tan Lawrence , Srinat Sadeesh , Buduhan Gordon , Kidane Biniam , Qing Gefei , Domaratzki Michael , Aliani Michel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Metabolomics is a potential means for biofluid-based lung cancer detection. We conducted a non-targeted, data-driven, assessment of plasma from early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC) cases versus cancer-free controls (CFC) to explore and identify classes of metabolites for further targeted metabolomics biomarker development. Materials and Methods: Plasma from 250 ES-NSCLC cases and 250 CFCs underwent Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) in positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) modes. Molecular feature extraction, formula generation, and find-by-ion tools annotated metabolic entities. Analysis was restricted to endogenous metabolites present in ≥80% of samples. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis identified clusters of metabolites. The metabolites with the strongest correlation with the principal component of each cluster were included in logistic regression modeling to assess discriminatory performance with and without adjustment for clinical covariates. Results: 1,900 UHPLC-QTOF-MS assessments identified 1,667 and 2,032 endogenous metabolites in the ESI positive and ESI negative modes, respectively. After data filtration, 676 metabolites remained, and 12 clusters of metabolites were identified from each ESI mode. Multivariable logistic regression using the representative metabolite from each cluster revealed effective classification of cases from controls with overall diagnostic accuracy of 91% (ESI positive) and 94% (ESI negative). Metabolites of interest identified for further targeted analysis include: 1b, 3a, 12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid, pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate, sphinganine 1-phosphate, gamma-CEHC, 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4, isodesmosine, and 18-hydroxycortisol.Conclusions: Plasma-based metabolomic detection of early-stage NSCLC appears feasible. Further metabolomics studies targeting phospholipid, steroid, and fatty acid metabolism are warranted to further develop non-invasive metabolomics-based detection of early-stage NSCLC.
Alterations in the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease, Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Naseri Kaveh , Shahrbaf Mohammad Amin , Olfatifar Meysam , Yadegar Abbas , Soheilian-Khorzoghi Mona , Dabiri Hossein , Nejad Mohammad Rostami , Sadeghi Amir , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and aims: Some chronic intestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), coeliac disease (CD), and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), can make some changes to the gut microbiota composition and cause dysbiosis. This study aimed to determine the gut microbiota alterations in CD, NCGS, and IBS patients among the Iranian population compared to healthy controls.Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 72 patients, including 15 healthy controls (HC), 30 IBS, 12 NCGS, and 15 CD patients were included. IBS, CD, and NCGS were diagnosed based on the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, Modified Marsh classification, and gluten challenge test. Stool samples were collected from patients, and after DNA extraction, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed for assessing the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Results: Firmicutes and Lactobacillus spp. were the most and the least abundant phylum in all samples, respectively. In CD patients, Firmicutes phylum was the most significant relative abundance. Bacteroidetes phylum had a significant relative abundance in CD (P<0.01) and NCGS (P<0.05) patients. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was statistically lower in CD (P<0.05) and IBS patients (P<0.001) compared to the HCs. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was statistically significant in NCGS and CD patients compared to the HCs (P = 0.05).Conclusion: Chronic intestinal diseases, including IBS, CD, and NCGS, can alter the gut microbiota composition.
Light Intensity: the Role Player in Cucumber Response to Cold Stress
Authors: Ashrestaghi Tahereh , Aliniaeifard Sasan , Shomali Aida , Azizinia Shiva , Koohpalekani Jahangir Abbasi , Moosavi-Nezhad Moein 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Low temperatures are an important limitation for geographic distributions of warm-season crops like cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Tolerance to low temperatures varies among different plant species and genotypes when changes in normal environmental cues occur. To cope with low temperature, biochemical and biophysical events should be coordinated to form a physiological response. We examined how light intensity influences the effects of low temperature on photosynthesis machinery and some biochemical traits. We used chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and polyphasic fluorescence transient (OJIP) to analyze cold stress (4 ºC) damage to photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC) under different Photosynthetic Photon Flux Densities (PPFDs; 0, 300 and 600 μmol m-2 s-1), in four accessions of cucumber. The results showed that, the negative effects of cold stress are PPFD-dependent. The adverse effect of cold stress on ETC was more pronounced in plants exposed to 600 μmol m-2 s-1 compared to the control and dark-exposed plants; indicated by disturbance in ETC and higher energy dissipation. Moreover, biochemical traits including H2O2 content, ascorbate peroxidase activity and electrolyte leakage, and water-soluble carbohydrate was increased under low temperature by increase in PPFD, while chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased under low temperature by PPFD elevation. Low temperature induced H2O2 accumulation via suppressing APX activity in a PPFD-dependent manner. In conclusion, high PPFDs exacerbate the adverse effects of low temperature on the cucumber seedlings.
Preventive Treatment With CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies Restores Brain Stem Habituation Deficits and Excitability to Painful Stimuli in Migraineurs: Results From a Prospective Case-control Study
Authors: Thiele Anne , Klehr Lara , Strauß Sebastian , Angermaier Anselm , Schminke Ulf , Kronenbuerger Martin , Nägel Steffen , Fleischmann Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background & ObjectivesCalcitonin gene-related peptide ligand/receptor (CGRP) antibodies effectively reduce headache frequency in migraineurs. It is understood that they act peripherally, which raises the question whether treatment merely interferes with the last stage of headache generation or, alternatively, causes secondary adaptations in the central nervous system and might thus possess disease modifying potential. This study addresses this question by investigating the nociceptive blink reflex (NBR), which is closely tied to central disease activity, before and after treatment with CGRP antibodies.MethodsWe enrolled 22 episodic migraineurs (21 female, 46.2 ± 13.8 years of age) and 22 age-/gender-matched controls. Patients received assessments of the NBR (R2 component, 10 trials, 6 stimuli/trial) before (V0) and three months (V3) after treatment with CGRP antibodies started, controls were assessed once. The R2 area (R2a) and habituation (R2h; gradient of R2a against stimulus order) of the stimulated/non-stimulated side (_s/_ns) following repeated supraorbital stimulation provide a direct readout of brainstem excitability and habituation as key mechanisms in migraine.ResultsAll patients showed a substantial reduction of headache days/month (V0: 12.4±3.3, V3: 6.6 ± 4.9). R2a_s (Fglobal=5.86, p<0.001; block 1: R2a_s: -28%, p<0.001) and R2a_ns (Fglobal=8.22, p<0.001, block 1: R2a_ns: -22%, p=0.003) were significantly decreased, and R2h_ns was significantly enhanced (Fglobal=3.07, p<0.001; block 6: R2h_ns: r=-1.36, p=0.007) from V0 to V3. The global test for changes of R2h_s was non-significant (Fglobal=1.46, p=0.095). Changes of R2h significantly correlated with improvement of headache frequency (R2h_s, r=0.56, p=0.010; R2h_ns: r=0.45, p=0.045). None of the NBR parameters assessed at baseline predicted treatment response.DiscussionWe provide evidence that three months of treatment with CGRP antibodies restores brain stem responses to painful stimuli and thus might be considered disease modifying. The nociceptive blink reflex may provide a biomarker to monitor central disease activity. Future studies should evaluate the blink reflex as a clinical biomarker to predict treatment response at baseline and to establish the risk of relapse after treatment discontinuation.Trial registrationThis trial was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT04019496, date of registration: July 15, 2019).
Clomiphene Citrate Priming Increases Sensitivity During Ovarian Stimulation in Poor Ovarian Responders Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Shan , Liu Xinyu , Li Huanhuan , Liu Minghui , Lv Yasu , Li Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Since ovarian stimulation was introduced as an assisted reproductive technology, poor ovarian response (POR) management has challenged clinicians. Guidance on optimally managing patients with poor response and/or low sensitivity to ovarian stimulation is still lacking. We aimed to investigate whether a clomiphene citrate (CC) priming protocol could increase ovarian sensitivity in poor ovarian responders. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 294 patients (374 ovarian stimulation cycles). Of these, 193 cycles were treated by a CC priming antagonist protocol (study group) and 181 by the classical flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol (control group). Stimulation data and laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: Total gonadotropin dosage and dosage per follicle were considerably lower, the follicle-to-oocyte index was significantly higher, and the gonadotropin duration was shorter in the study group. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate regression analysis showed that cumulative ongoing pregnancy remained comparable between the groups (adjusted odds ratio: 0.761, 95% confidence interval: 0.300-1.933, P = 0.566). Age, body mass index, gonadotropin dosage per follicle, and the follicle-to-oocyte index were directly associated with the reproductive outcomes. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that patients stimulated by the CC priming antagonist protocol were administered less gonadotropin (1,739.09 ± 719.39 vs. 3,114.77 ± 1,171.23, P < 0.001) at a lower gonadotropin dosage per follicle (637.36 ± 373.05 vs. 1286.26 ± 976.66, P < 0.001) and for a shorter duration (6.58 ± 2.23 vs. 9.80 ± 1.90, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The CC priming antagonist protocol offered a convenient and patient-friendly way to increase ovarian sensitivity during ovarian stimulation in poor ovarian responders.
Pulmonary Involvement in Neonatal Lupus from Clinical Diagnoses to Autopsy Findings: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Fan , Ying Li , Hanzhen Xiong , Lili Lin , Weiliang Huang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is an uncommon immunemediated disease caused by the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies. In this paper, we described a case of a newborn with NLE involving lung damage from clinical diagnoses to autopsy findings. Case presentation: The mother had no history of immune system disease; however, the test for antinuclear antibodies was positive. A boy was delivered spontaneously at 36+2 weeks’ gestation without asphyxia (birth weight: 1.21 kg, length: 38 cm, head circumference: 26 cm). Soon after birth, intermittent shortness of breath occurred, followed by cyanosis and severe hypoxemia. Blood tests suggested that the infant was positive for anti-nuclear antibodies. Although multiple respiratory support methods were used, death could not be avoided and occurred at 6.5 days due to cardiopulmonary failure. The results of the autopsy revealed diffuse interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in both lungs, manifesting as telangiectasia, hyperemia, alveolar cavity dilatation and fusion, and obvious interstitial widening with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. The newborn was finally diagnosed with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis caused by congenital systemic lupus erythematosus. Conclusions: Pulmonary involvement with NLE is a diagnostic challenge at present. Close attention should be given to newborns whose mothers have systemic lupus erythematosus.
Shallow and Deep Feature Fusion for Digital Audio Tampering Detection
Authors: Zeng Chunyan , Yang Yao , Wang Zhifeng , Kong Shuai , Feng Shixiong , Zhao Nan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Digital Audio tampering detection can be applied to verify the authenticity of digital audio. However, the current methods are mostly based on visual comparison analysis of the continuity of electronic network frequency (ENF) of digital audio with a standard ENF database. It is usually tricky to obtain the ENF database, and the feature expression of the visualization method is weak, which leads to low detection accuracy. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed an audio tampering detection method based on the fusion of shallow and deep features. Firstly, the band-pass filtering process is performed on the audio signal to obtain the ENF components, and then the discrete Fourier transform and Hilbert transform are applied to obtain the phase and instantaneous frequency of the ENF components. Secondly, the shallow features are extracted by performing framing and fitting operations on the estimated phase and instantaneous frequency. Then, the designed convolutional neural network is used to obtain deep features, and the attention mechanism is applied to fuse shallow features and deep features. Finally, after dimensionality reduction through the fully connected layer, the Softmax layer is used for classification to detect the tampering audio. The method achieves 97.03% accuracy on three classic databases, which are Carioca 1, Carioca 2, and New Spanish. In addition, we have achieved an accuracy of 88.31% on the newly constructed database GAUDI-DI. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art method.
Feature Stability and Setup Minimization for EEG-EMG-Enabled Monitoring Systems
Authors: Cisotto Giulia , Capuzzo Martina , Guglielmi Anna Valeria , Zanella Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Delivering healthcare at home emerged as a key advancement to reduce healthcare costs and infection risks, as during the SARS-Cov2 pandemic. In particular, in motor training applications, wearable and portable devices can be employed for movements recognition and monitoring of the associated brain signals. In this context, it is essential to minimize the monitoring setup and the amount of data to collect, process, and share. In this paper, we address this challenge for a monitoring system that includes high-dimensional EEG and EMG data for hand movements classification. We fuse EEG and EMG into the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) signal, from which we extracted features using different algorithms (one from the authors) to solve binary classification problems. Finally, we propose a mapping-and-aggregating strategy to increase the interpretability of the machine learning results. The proposed approach provides very low mis-classification errors ( < 0. 1 ), with very few and stable MSC features ( < 10% of the initial set of available features). Furthermore, we identified a common pattern across algorithms and classification problems, i.e., the activation of the centro-parietal brain areas and arm ’s muscles in 8 ÷ 80 Hz, in line with previous literature. Thus, this study represents a step forward to the minimization of a reliable EEG-EMG setup to enable precise motor training at home.