bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student achievement emotions: Examining the role of frequent online assessment
Authors: Riegel Kaitlin , Evans Tanya 
Published: July 2021

The rapid inclusion of online assessment in higher education has left a void in investigating the relationship this form of assessment has with student emotions. This study examines the influence of frequent online assessment on student emotions in a university setting using a mixed-methods approach. Students' emotions in an online quiz and a traditional classroom test in a second-year mathematics course (n = 91) were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, through the lens of the control-value theory. The study used an adaptation of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) to collect data on reported student emotions in both assessments, as well as qualitative data on student’s views of the frequent online assessment. Students reported higher levels of positive emotions and lower levels of negative emotions in an online quiz compared to the test, and we attempted to identify sources of these differences. The findings are discussed together with implications for habitualisation of assessment emotions. Practically grounded generalisations are outlined as opportunities for disrupting negative emotions and reaffirming positive emotions, which are suitable for implementation in higher education on a broad scale.
Implications for practice or policy:

For educators designing tertiary assessment aimed at promoting positive and reducing negative emotions, we advise incorporating features that students perceive as allowing them greater control over obtaining success.
Specifically, we advise incorporating frequent low stakes online quizzes into tertiary courses.
These present opportunities for students to habitualise positive assessment-related emotions, which correlate with performance and constructs such as self-efficacy.
The Achievement Emotions Questionnaires (AEQ) can be adapted to investigate achievement emotions in different forms of assessment.
Shape and topology optimization involving the eigenvalues of an elastic structure: A multi-phase-field approach
Authors: Garcke Harald , Hüttl Paul , Knopf Patrik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A cost function involving the eigenvalues of an elastic structure is optimized using a phase-field approach, which allows for topology changes and multiple materials.We show continuity and differentiability of simple eigenvalues in the phase-field context. Existence of global minimizers can be shown, for which first order necessary optimality conditions can be obtained in generic situations. Furthermore, a combined eigenvalue and compliance optimization is discussed.
Life and Lifeforms in Early Greek Atomism
Authors: Augustin Michael , Pellò Caterina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
What is Leucippus and Democritus’ theory of the beginning of life? How, if at all, did Leucippus and Democritus distinguish different kinds of living things? These questions are challenging in part because these Atomists claim that all living beings – including plants – have a share of reason and understanding. We answer these questions by examining the extant evidence concerning their views on embryology, the soul and respiration, and sense perception, thereby giving an overview of life and lifeforms in early Greek atomism. We show, first, that the generation of all living beings happens through the combining of miniature copies of their parents’ atomic structures. Second, we argue that the Atomists take respiration to mark the beginning of life. Yet they do not consider respiration nor being ensouled to distinguish humans, animals, and plants from each other. Finally, because Leucippus and Democritus make little distinction between sense perception and thought, these too cannot sharply distinguish between different kinds of living beings. We conclude that Leucippus and Democritus advocated a less anthropocentric and more holistic view of the cosmos.
Vom Startbetrieb in den pandemie-bedingten Notbetrieb – wie kann aus widrigen Bedingungen eine neue Zukunftsausrichtung entstehen?
Authors: Zoller Rahel 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Nur wenige Monate nach ihrer Gründung musste die Bibliothek LIV aus dem Startbetrieb in den durch die Corona-Pandemie verursachten Notbetrieb wechseln. Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen des Notbetriebs auf die Mitarbeiter*innen und Nutzer*innen, geht auf die Anpassung und Entwicklung von Serviceangeboten ein und stellt Fragen, wie die Arbeit und die Errungenschaften im Notbetrieb als Basis für die zukünftige Ausrichtung und als Anregung für Innovationen genutzt werden kann.
Praxis adé? Der Mangel an Praxiseinblicken während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Greifeneder Elke , Krems Adeline , Gäde Maria 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag werden die Einschränkungen und Konsequenzen für Pflichtpraktika während der COVID-19 Pandemie thematisiert. Im Kontext der Praktikumsberatung des Instituts für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin wurden 81 Einrichtungen kontaktiert und angefragt, welche der Einrichtungen während der andauernden Einschränkungen ein Praktikumsangebot machen. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung, daraus resultierende Konsequenzen sowie Vorschläge für Ersatzleistungen oder Alternativen zum klassischen Praktikum (im digitalen Raum) werden mit den Vor- und Nachteilen beschrieben.
Use of a structured approach and virtual simulation practice to improve diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Dekhtyar Michael , Park Yoon Soo , Kalinyak Judy , Chudgar Saumil M. , Fedoriw Kelly Bossenbroek , Johnson Khadeja J. , Knoche Craig F. , Martinez Lisa , Mingioni Nina , Pincavage Amber T. , Salas Rachel , Sanfilippo Fred , Sozio Stephen M. , Weigle Nancy , Wood Sarah , Zavodnick Jillian , Stern Scott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn 2015, the National Academy of Medicine IOM estimated that 12 million patients were misdiagnosed annually. This suggests that despite prolonged training in medical school and residency there remains a need to improve diagnostic reasoning education. This study evaluates a new approach.MethodsA total of 285 medical students were enrolled in this 8 center, IRB approved trial. Students were randomized to receive training in either abdominal pain (AP) or loss of consciousness (LOC). Baseline diagnostic accuracy of the two different symptoms was assessed by completing a multiple-choice question (MCQ) examination and virtual patient encounters. Following a structured educational intervention, including a lecture on the diagnostic approach to that symptom and three virtual patient practice cases, each student was re-assessed.ResultsThe change in diagnostic accuracy on virtual patient encounters was compared between (1) baseline and post intervention and (2) post intervention students trained in the prescribed symptom vs. the alternate symptom (controls). The completeness of the student’s differential diagnosis was also compared. Comparison of proportions were conducted usingχ2-tests. Mixed-effects regressions were used to examine differences accounting for case and repeated measures. Compared with baseline, both the AP and LOC groups had marked post-intervention improvements in obtaining a correct final diagnosis; a 27% absolute improvement in the AP group (p<0.001) and a 32% absolute improvement in the LOC group (p<0.001). Compared with controls (the groups trained in the alternate symptoms), the rate of correct diagnoses increased by 13% but was not statistically significant (p=0.132). The completeness and efficiency of the differential diagnoses increased by 16% (β=0.37, p<0.001) and 17% respectively (β=0.45, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe study showed that a virtual patient platform combined with a diagnostic reasoning framework could be used for education and diagnostic assessment and improved correct diagnosis compared with baseline performance in a simulated platform.
Humor and A1C: the interaction between humor and diabetes control
Authors: Greene David S. , King Nancy Dunavant 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is increasing evidence of specific medical and psychological benefits associated with humor within diabetes populations. The benefits of maintaining good diabetes control are also well established. The more general relationship between humor and diabetes control however remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a difference between people with diabetes with an A1C ≤ 6.99% versus those ≥7.0% on four disparate types of humor. The sample consisted of 284 participants, 65.5% with type 1 diabetes, 68.3% female, 89.1% Caucasian, and 68.7% college educated. Participants completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and were divided into two groups, A1C ≤ 6.99% and A1C ≥ 7.0%. The A1C ≤ 6.99% group scored significantly higher on both types of positive humor, affiliative humor (P < 0.01) and self-enhancing humor (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between participants on either type of negative humor, aggressive humor (P > 0.05) or self-defeating humor (P > 0.05). Results indicate that good control (A1C ≤ 6.99%) is associated with positive humor. These findings provide evidence that there is an association between American Diabetes Association recommended levels of control and positive humor styles. Implications regarding positive humor and good diabetes control are discussed.
Oxidative hydrolysis of Fe(Ⅱ) in the process of hydrothermal synthesis of hematite
Authors: Yang Fuxian , Xing Yubo , Deng Zhigan , Wei Chang , Li Xingbin , Li Minting 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Iron removal is an important step in zinc hydrometallurgy, and hematite process not only can effectively remove iron, but also is environmentally friendly and has certain economic benefits, so it has great application potential in zinc hydrometallurgy. The oxidative hydrolysis of Fe(Ⅱ) was studied by the change of ions in solution with different initial ferrous ion concentration. Meanwhile, the oxidation rates of Fe(Ⅱ) at different initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentrations were also studied. The results show that temperature has an important influence on the oxidative hydrolysis of Fe(Ⅱ). Increasing the temperature can inhibit the formation of complex and make more Fe(Ⅱ) precipitate directly in the form of hematite, which is not limited by the hydrolysis rate of Fe(Ⅲ). The oxidation reaction of Fe(Ⅱ) approximately conforms to the second order reaction rate. Zinc sulfate can promote the oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ). When the initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentration was 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/L, the oxidation kinetic constants of Fe(Ⅱ) were 2.433, 4.492, 10.106 and 14.857 L·mol−1·min−1, respectively.
A Comparison of Approaches to Select the Informativeness of Priors in BVARs
Authors: Prüser Jan , Hanck Christoph 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vector autoregressions (VARs) are richly parameterized time series models that can capture complex dynamic interrelationships among macroeconomic variables. However, in small samples the rich parametrization of VAR models may come at the cost of overfitting the data, possibly leading to imprecise inference for key quantities of interest such as impulse response functions (IRFs). Bayesian VARs (BVARs) can use prior information to shrink the model parameters, potentially avoiding such overfitting. We provide a simulation study to compare, in terms of the frequentist properties of the estimates of the IRFs, useful strategies to select the informativeness of the prior. The study reveals that prior information may help to obtain more precise estimates of impulse response functions than classical OLS-estimated VARs and more accurate coverage rates of error bands in small samples. Strategies based on selecting the prior hyperparameters of the BVAR building on empirical or hierarchical modeling perform particularly well.
Perimenopausal giant hydatidiform mole complicated with preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wan Yan , Jiang Guoqing , Jin Ying , Hao Zengping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) commonly occurs in reproductive females, but is extremely rare in perimenopausal females. In this study, we reported a case of hydatidiform mole in a 48-year-old perimenopausal female admitted due to a giant uterine mass of 28 weeks’ gestational size. The serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level ranged from 944 to 1,286 mIU/mL before treatments. The signs of preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism were relatively prominent. Hysterectomy was performed and chemotherapy was scheduled when the serum HCG level remained at a plateau, about 528 mIU/mL. The symptoms of preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism were relieved after treatment. Accordingly, we concluded that GTD could occur in perimenopausal woman and hysterectomy usually is the optimal treatment.
The crystal structure of 2,5-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole, C20H18N2S2
Authors: Zhai Zhi-Wei , Yang Shuang-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C20H18N2S2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.92140(10) Å, b = 6.08080(10) Å, c = 17.8091(3) Å, β = 90.592(2)°, V = 857.79(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0382, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1051, T = 149.99(10) K.

CCDC no.: 2085420
Controllable modification of helical carbon nanotubes for high-performance microwave absorption
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Zhengkang , Jia Aili , Yang Xulin , Feng Wei , Wang Pan , Li Kui , Lei Wenwu , He Hanyu , Tian Yingrui , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) are a kind of potential microwave absorption (MA) material due to their chiral and dielectric properties. However, the inert surface property makes HCNTs with poor polarization loss ability and impedance matching characteristic, which impedes its ability in attenuating microwaves. Herein, the HCNTs were modified with defects and functional groups on the surface to optimize their electromagnetic response characteristics and achieve an enhanced MA performance. The experimental results show that the modified HCNTs (F-HCNTs) exhibit a significant enhancement in MA performance when compared with HCNTs. The minimum reflection (RLmin) loss of F-HCNTs reaches −45.4 dB at 17.5 GHz at a thickness of 2.4 mm and the bandwidth of RL < −10 dB is 3.6 GHz (from 14.4 to 18.0 GHz). Further analysis demonstrates that proper modification of HCNTs leads to enhanced dielectric loss ability and optimized impedance matching characteristics, both of which are beneficial to the MA performance of HCNTs.
Thermal analysis of postcured aramid fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Karvanis Konstantinos , Rusnáková Soňa , Krejčí Ondřej , Kalendová Alena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, aramid fiber-reinforced polymer (AFRP) composites were prepared and then postcured under specific heating/cooling rates. By dynamic mechanical analysis, the viscoelastic properties of the AFRP composites at elevated temperatures and under various frequencies were determined. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA), in the modes of creep-recovery and stress–relaxation tests, was also performed. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry was also used, and the decomposition of the AFRP composites, aramid fibers, and pure postcured epoxy, in two different atmospheres, namely, air atmosphere and nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, was explored by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From this point of view, the aramid fibers showed remarkably thermal resistance, in N2 atmosphere, and the volume fraction of fibers (Φf) was calculated to be Φf = 51%. In the TGA experiments, the postcured AFRP composites showed very good thermal resistance, both in air and N2 atmosphere, and this characteristic in conjunction with their relatively high T
g, which is in the range of 85–95°C, depending on the frequency and the determination method, classifies these composites as potential materials in applications where the resistance in high temperatures is a required characteristic.
Evaluating the translational value of postmortem brain reperfusion technology
Authors: Nair-Collins Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel pulsatile-perfusion technology, dubbed BrainEx, has been shown to restore microcirculation and cellular functions in the pig brain, 4 h postmortem. This technology has generated enthusiasm for its translational value for human neuroresuscitation. I offer a critical analysis of the study and its methodology, providing several reasons for skepticism. This includes: all phenomena were observed at different degrees of hypothermia; the physiological and biochemical milieu of the experimental preparation is radically different than the clinical setting of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; and the study is confounded by uncontrolled traumatic brain injury and lifelong stress in all the animals.
Antimicrobial resistance of the enteric protozoon Giardia duodenalis – A narrative review
Authors: Loderstädt Ulrike , Frickmann Hagen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAs therapy-refractory giardiasis is an emerging health issue, this review aimed at summarizing mechanisms of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility inGiardia duodenalisand strategies to overcome this problem.MethodsA narrative review on antimicrobial resistance inG. duodenaliswas based upon a selective literature research.ResultsFailed therapeutic success has been observed for all standard therapies of giardiasis comprising nitroimidazoles like metronidazole or tinidazole as first line substances but also benznidazoles like albendazole and mebendazole, the nitrofuran furazolidone, the thiazolide nitazoxanide, and the aminoglycoside paromomycin. Multicausality of the resistance phenotypes has been described, with differentiated gene expression due to epigenetic and post-translational modifications playing a considerable bigger role than mutational base exchanges in the parasite DNA. Standardized resistance testing algorithms are not available and clinical evidence for salvage therapies is scarce in spite of research efforts targeting new giardicidal drugs.ConclusionIn case of therapeutic failure of first line nitroimidazoles, salvage strategies including various options for combination therapy exist in spite of limited evidence and lacking routine diagnostic-compatible assays for antimicrobial susceptibility testing inG. duodenalis. Sufficiently powered clinical and diagnostic studies are needed to overcome both the lacking evidence regarding salvage therapy and the diagnostic neglect of antimicrobial resistance.
Intra-operative Radiation Therapy versus Whole Breast External Beam Radiotherapy: A Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Leatherman Jordan , Nicholas Christina , Cusick Therese , Cooke Ellen , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Hunt Diane 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. This project sought to compare patient-reported outcomes between patients who received intra-operative radiation therapy (IORT) and those who qualified for IORT but received whole-breast external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS).
Methods. Three scales from the BREAST-Q Breast Cancer BCT Module Version 2.0 questionnaire were used to collect patient-reported outcomes regarding post-operative physical well-being of the chest, post-operative satisfaction with breast cosmesis and post-operative adverse effects of radiation.
Results. Patients who received EBRT travelled farther on average than patients who received IORT to complete treatment. Respondents who received IORT reported better physical well-being of the chest than those who received EBRT. Regression reveals that the respondent’s age was the determining factor in the difference between IORT and EBRT post-operative physical well-being scores, where younger patients report poorer well-being. There was no difference in patient-reported outcomes regarding post-operative satisfaction with breast cosmesis or adverse effects of radiation.
Conclusions. This study suggests that patients who received IORT report better physical well-being of the chest than patients who received EBRT. There appears to be a relationship between age and physical well-being of chest. This study suggests that there is no difference in patient-reported outcomes concerning post-operative satisfaction with breast cosmesis or post-operative adverse effects of radiation between patients who received IORT and those who received EBRT.
A Pilot and Feasibility Study to Evaluate Small and Large Bite Fascial Closure Techniques
Authors: Gates Clint , Berg Gina M , Vincent Kyle , Acuna David , Ali Kamran 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Few randomized controlled studies have been conducted comparing a small to large fascial bite technique, yet recommendations have been made to standardize small bite closures. However, large scale randomized controlled trials require considerable effort and may benefit from a pilot study.
Methods. This multi-center randomized controlled pilot study of adult patients undergoing median laparotomy incision investigated the feasibility of studying the outcomes between small and large surgical closure techniques.
Results. Fifty of 100 planned patients consented, 32 patients completed surgery and 19 patients completed the one-year ultrasound. Enrollment was 2.7 versus 8 patients per month pre/post addition of study coordinator. Clinical results are summarized for feasibility demonstration purposes, but not analyzed for hypothesis testing. The total cost of the pilot study was $19,152.50 and took 22 months from first surgery to final one-year ultrasound.
Conclusions. This feasibility assessment demonstrates the complexity of planning a large scale randomized trial evaluating small and large bite surgical closure technique. To expand this pilot study to a full scaled sample size study would require dedicated personnel and large grant funding.
Города расходящихся улиц: развитие городских конфликтов в России 2010-х
Authors: Семенов Андрей , Минаева Элеонора 
Published: July 2021

Конфликты по поводу устройства городской среды стали частью повседневности крупных российских городов. Уплотнительная застройка, снос историко-архитектурного наследия, застройка парков и других общественных пространств часто сопровождаются мобилизацией граждан, на которую, в свою очередь, вынуждены реагировать как публичная власть, так и застройщики. В конфликт зачастую вмешиваются третьи стороны – губернаторы, политические партии или общественные организации. Кроме того, мобилизация разворачивается в различных городских контекстах, с различной степенью интенсивности и длительности. Наконец, исход попыток оспаривания проектов застройки может быть очень разным: одни проекты осуществляются без каких-либо изменений, другие не реализуются вовсе. Каким образом можно упорядочить сведения о многочисленных городских конфликтах с учетом характеристик контекста и динамики без потери возможности сравнивать эти эпизоды между собой в аналитическом ключе? В статье мы описываем методологию создания базы данных «Городские конфликты в России», основанную на анализе конфликтных эпизодов (contentious episode analysis, CEA) как методологии среднего уровня для изучения мобилизации. Мы описываем концептуальные и методологические основы, а также иллюстрируем аналитические возможности базы данных. Мы демонстрируем, что конструкция базы данных, включающая как характеристики контекста и самого конфликта, так и взаимодействия участников конфликтных эпизодов между собой, позволяет переключаться между макро-, мезо- и микроуровнями анализа, проводить систематические сравнения и выявлять паттерны в траекториях городских конфликтов. Эпизоды оспаривания проектов застройки городской территории развиваются по множеству сценариев, они не обязательно ведут к победе или доминированию застройщиков и их союзников во власти. Как в «Саду расходящихся тропок» Борхеса будущее распадается на умножающиеся в процессе индивидуального выбора вариации мира, так и городские конфликты в России движутся по множеству траекторий, которые связаны и с контекстом, и с выбором сторонами конфликта стратегий и тактических средств в определенные моменты последовательности взаимодействий, образующих конфликтный эпизод.