bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of HIV serostatus by sex partners of women living with HIV in North-Central Nigeria: correlates and predictive analyses
Authors: Eboreime Ejemai Amaize , Itanyi Ijeoma Uchenna , Ogidi Amaka Grace , Iheanacho Theddeus , Olayiwola Olanrewaju , Onoka Chima Ariel , Ezeanolue Echezona Edozie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon-communication of HIV status among sex partners is a notable hurdle in halting transmission, largely due to socio-cultural factors. This study aimed to predict the determinants of male partners’ awareness of women’s serostatus. A total of 8825 women of reproductive age living with HIV who were clients at five comprehensive HIV treatment centres in Benue State, North-Central Nigeria were surveyed between June and December 2017, and 6655 reported having a sexual partner at the time of the survey selected for analysis. A regression model was used to estimate the determinants of male partner awareness of serostatus from the perspective of women. Conditional marginal analyses were conducted to evaluate the marginal effects of identified predictors on the probability of outcomes. Partners of married women were found to have greater odds of being aware of their spouse’s serostatus (adjusted OR (aOR): 3.20; 95%CI: 2.13–4.81) than non-married partners. Similarly, the odds of male partner awareness increased with the years women had been on antiretroviral therapy (aOR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.07–1.20). The probability of partners of married respondents being aware of their spouse’s HIV serostatus was 97%. The conditional marginal effects of being educated to primary or higher level were 1.2 (95% CI: –0.2 to 2.7) and 1.8 (95% CI: 0.09–3.4) percentage points higher respectively when compared with women with no formal education. Being unemployed or being a trader significantly decreased the probability of partners being aware of respondents’ serostatus when compared with farmers; conditional marginal effects of –6.7 (95% CI: –12.0 to –1.4) and –3.9 (95% CI: –5.7 to –2.2) percentage points, respectively. The study found that relationship status and girl-child education are factors that can improve communication of HIV status to sex partners. Policies and interventions aimed at improving the social determinants of health, and social support for healthy communications in relationships, are recommended to reduce HIV transmission between sex partners.
In vitro anti-Acanthamoeba activity of flavonoid glycosides isolated from Delphinium gracile, D. staphisagria, Consolida oliveriana and Aconitum napellus
Authors: Martín-Escolano Rubén , Molero Romero Sonia , Díaz Jesus G. , Marín Clotilde , Sánchez-Moreno Manuel , Rosales Mª José 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A neurostructural biomarker of dissociative amnesia: a hippocampal study in dissociative identity disorder
Authors: Dimitrova Lora I. , Dean Sophie L. , Schlumpf Yolanda R. , Vissia Eline M. , Nijenhuis Ellert R. S. , Chatzi Vasiliki , Jäncke Lutz , Veltman Dick J. , Chalavi Sima , Reinders Antje A. T. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the neural correlates of dissociative amnesia, a transdiagnostic symptom mostly present in the dissociative disorders and core characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID). Given the vital role of the hippocampus in memory, a prime candidate for investigation is whether total and/or subfield hippocampal volume can serve as biological markers of dissociative amnesia.MethodsA total of 75 women, 32 with DID and 43 matched healthy controls (HC), underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using Freesurfer (version 6.0), volumes were extracted for bilateral global hippocampus, cornu ammonis (CA) 1–4, the granule cell molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), fimbria, hippocampal−amygdaloid transition area (HATA), parasubiculum, presubiculum and subiculum. Analyses of covariance showed volumetric differences between DID and HC. Partial correlations exhibited relationships between the three factors of the dissociative experience scale scores (dissociative amnesia, absorption, depersonalisation/derealisation) and traumatisation measures with hippocampal global and subfield volumes.ResultsHippocampal volumes were found to be smaller in DID as compared with HC in bilateral global hippocampus and bilateral CA1, right CA4, right GC-ML-DG, and left presubiculum. Dissociative amnesia was the only dissociative symptom that correlated uniquely and significantly with reduced bilateral hippocampal CA1 subfield volumes. Regarding traumatisation, only emotional neglect correlated negatively with bilateral global hippocampus, bilateral CA1, CA4 and GC-ML-DG, and right CA3.ConclusionWe propose decreased CA1 volume as a biomarker for dissociative amnesia. We also propose that traumatisation, specifically emotional neglect, is interlinked with dissociative amnesia in having a detrimental effect on hippocampal volume.
Dementia in Scottish military veterans: early evidence from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bergman B. P. , Mackay D. F. , Pell J. P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined whether UK military veterans are at an increased risk of dementia. We explored the risk of dementia in Scottish military veterans aged up to 73 years in comparison with people who have never served.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 78 000 veterans and 253 000 people with no record of service, matched for age, sex and area of residence, with up to 37 years follow-up, using Cox proportional hazard analysis to compare risk of dementia in veterans and non-veterans, overall and by subgroup.ResultsDementia was recorded in 0.2% of both veterans and non-veterans overall, Cox proportional hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.19, p = 0.879 (landmark age: 50 years), with no difference for men but increased risk in veteran women and Early Service Leavers. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with a higher risk of dementia in both veterans and non-veterans, although possibly to a lesser degree in veterans. A history of mood disorder was strongly associated with developing dementia, greater in veterans than in non-veterans, odds ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.35, p = 0.045.ConclusionsThere was no evidence to suggest that military service increased the risk of dementia, although this may change as the cohort ages. The well-documented association with PTSD shows no evidence of being stronger in veterans; by contrast, the association of mood disorder with dementia is much stronger in veterans. Healthcare providers should carefully assess the cognitive status of older veterans presenting with depressive illness in order to identify early dementia and ensure optimum management.
Managing Expertise: The Problem of Engineers in the English East India Company, 1668–1764
Authors: Riding Tim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article challenges the assumption that the early modern engineer acted as a reliable agent for colonial authorities. Far from acting as trusted mediators between colony and metropole, experts could exacerbate tensions. The English East India Company knew this, and avoided engineers throughout its early history. This article considers the interplay between authorities in London and their subordinates in Bombay. The company's directors saw engineers as untrustworthy agents who increased expenditure and disrupted the company's system of consultative governance. For much of its early modern history, the company's fortifications and built environments relied on a knowledge network of informal expertise. Examining these experts-in-context reveals how expertise was managed and built environments maintained in colonial settings. When the company did turn to experts in the mid-eighteenth century, it struggled to utilise and incorporate them. This demonstrates that in some colonial contexts experts could be profoundly disruptive.
Systems thinking in health technology assessment: a scoping review
Authors: Richardson Marina , Ramsay Lauren C. , Bielecki Joanna M. , Berta Whitney , Sander Beate 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Our objective was to assess how, and to what extent, a systems-level perspective is considered in decision-making processes for health interventions by illustrating how studies define the boundaries of the system in their analyses and by defining the decision-making context in which a systems-level perspective is undertaken.

Method
We conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and EconLit were searched and key search concepts included decision making, system, and integration. Studies were classified according to an interpretation of the “system” of analysis used in each study based on a four-level model of the health system (patient, care team, organization, and/or policy environment) and using categories (based on intervention type and system impacts considered) to describe the decision-making context.

Results
A total of 2,664 articles were identified and 29 were included for analysis. Most studies (16/29; 55%) considered multiple levels of the health system (i.e., patient, care team, organization, environment) in their analysis and assessed multiple classes of interventions versus a single class of intervention (e.g., pharmaceuticals, screening programs). Approximately half (15/29; 52%) of the studies assessed the influence of policy options on the system as a whole, and the other half assessed the impact of interventions on other phases of the disease pathway or life trajectory (14/29; 48%).

Conclusions
We found that systems thinking is not common in areas where health technology assessments (HTAs) are typically conducted. Against this background, our study demonstrates the need for future conceptualizations and interpretations of systems thinking in HTA.
Developing a sense of self-reliance: caregivers of infants with single-ventricle heart disease during the interstage period
Authors: Imperial-Perez Flerida , Heilemann MarySue V. , Doering Lynn V. , Eastwood Jo-Ann , Pike Nancy A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Caring for infants after the first-stage palliative surgery for single-ventricle heart disease bring challenges beyond the usual parenting responsibilities. Current studies fail to capture the nuances of caregivers’ experiences during the most critical “interstage” period between the first and second surgery.Objectives:To explore the perceptions of caregivers about their experiences while transitioning to caregiver roles, including the successes and challenges associated with caregiving during the interstage period.Methods:Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology guided the collection and analysis of data from in person or telephonic interviews with caregivers after their infants underwent the first-stage palliative surgery for single-ventricle heart disease, and were sent to home for 2–4 months before returning for their second surgery. Symbolic interactionism informed data analyses and interpretation.Results:Our sample included 14 parents, who were interviewed 1–2 times between November, 2019 and July, 2020. Most patients were mothers (71%), Latinx (64%), with household incomes <$30K (42%). Data analysis led to the development of a Grounded Theory called Developing a Sense of Self-Reliance with three categories: (1) Owning caregiving responsibilities despite grave fears, (2) Figuring out how “to make it work” in the interstage period, and (3) Gaining a sense of self-reliance.Conclusions:Parents transitioned to caregiver roles by developing a sense of self-reliance and, in the process, gained self-confidence and decision-making skills. Our study responded to the key research priority from the AHA Scientific Statement to address the knowledge gap in home monitoring for interstage infants through qualitative research design.
ARMED to ESCAPE COVID-19: the impact of COVID-19 on a mixed methods feasibility study of a weight management, education and physical function programme for patients with knee osteoarthritis at the primary/secondary care interface
Authors: Monaghan Brenda , Bourton Cassidy Lara , Glynn Aaron A. , Hurley M.V. , Kacprzak Pauline , Kelly Maria , O’ Connor Keelan , Flynn Jane O. , Keelan Fiona , Reidy Ruth , Rodgers Sarah Jane , Cusack Tara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
This study was designed to test the feasibility of running a trial to compare the effectiveness of a combined weight management and physical function programme for patients with knee osteoarthritis ARMED (Arthritis Rehabilitation through the Management of Exercise and Diet) with usual care ESCAPE pain (Enabling Self-management and Coping with Arthritic Pain using Exercise). The COVID-19 pandemic interruption allowed additional measurement of the qualitative ‘lived in’ experiences of this patient group during the pandemic and also their appetite for virtual health.

Participants:
Thirty-two patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited from a combined primary/secondary care waiting list and were allocated to either a six-week intervention group (ARMED) or to the six-week usual care ESCAPE pain group (Enabling Self-management and Coping with Arthritic Pain using Exercise) group.

Results:
The intervention programme was interrupted after three weeks by COVID-19. Fifteen patients were reassessed after the first stage. The average attendance was 92% with 6 patients attending all sessions, 5 attending 5/6, 1 attending 4/6 and 2 attending 3/6. One subject dropped out and 15/16 patients completed all outcome measurements. All patients completed the KOOS knee score and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well Being Scale to evaluate anxiety and depression. There was a statistically significant improvement in pain, activities of daily living, quality of life and mental health and well-being scores from time one to time 2. The mean weight, BMI and waist measurements were reduced also from time one to time 2, but these failed to reach significance. The semi-structured interviews provided rich information on enablers and barriers to coping in lockdown, benefits of the ARMED programme to increasing physical activity and weight management and enablers and barriers to redesigning the programme for online delivery.

Conclusions:
Evaluation of preliminary data from this feasibility study supports the three-week intervention combining education, exercise and weight management in this patient group even during a pandemic. Based on the results of the qualitative interviews, we have now redesigned our programme to present it virtually. We hope to present the results of our virtual feasibility study later in 2021.
Brief cognitive behavioural therapy for binge-eating disorder: clinical effectiveness in a routine clinical setting
Authors: Moore Elana , Hinde Michelle , Waller Glenn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in working with non-underweight eating disorder patients across transdiagnostic groups. However, it is not clear whether it will be as effective in the treatment of binge-eating disorder, where emotional eating is likely to play a larger role than starvation-driven eating. This case series tested whether brief, 10-session CBT (CBT-T) would be effective in a case series of 53 patients with binge-eating disorder. Attrition rates were comparable to previous research. Eating attitudes, binge frequency, anxiety and depression were measured. Remission was measured comparing different categorical methods: ‘cut-off’; reliable change index (RCI); and clinically significant change (CSC). CBT-T was effective for binge-eating disorder patients, at comparable levels to other non-underweight patients. All measures of pathology were significantly reduced, with large to moderate effect sizes. When categorical changes were used to indicate remission, RCI and CSC levels were more appropriate than existing cut-off methods, potentially because of the lower levels of initial restrained eating in this clinical group. CBT-T’s effectiveness in transdiagnostic groups is replicated in binge-eating disorder patients, despite their greater level of emotionally driven eating. More stringent definitions of remission (CSC and RCI) should be used more widely, to ensure realistic estimates.

Key learning aims

(1)
What is necessary for brief CBT to be effective for binge-eating disorder (BED)?

(2)
Is CBT for BED effective in the absence of purging behaviours?

(3)
What is the most appropriate way to measure remission in CBT for BED?
Complex Network for Solar Protons and Correlations With Flares
Authors: Mohammadi Z. , Alipour N. , Safari H. , Zamani Farhad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study the properties of the complex network for solar proton flux (SPF) at six integral energy channels (>1, >5, >10, >30, >50, and >100 MeV). We construct a growing visibility network based on the SPF time series for proton for each channel, which observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites from April 14, 2010 to May 9, 2018. The clustering coefficient values for SPF networks are much larger than those of the equivalent random network. The logarithmic behavior of the characteristic path length refers to the characteristics of the small‐world network. The degree distribution of nodes obeys the power‐law behavior with certain exponents that reflects the scale‐free nature of the networks. For the constructed SPF networks, the average clustering coefficient shows a jump when the large flares occurred. We show that both western solar longitude large flares (X‐class, M‐class) and flares associated with coronal mass ejections (with speed greater than 500 km s−1) are relatively more related to the peaks (more than the median) of both SPF time series and PageRank of the networks. We conclude that both the PageRank and clustering coefficient of the SPF network are useful indicators to identify the source of SPFs related to flares and flares associated with coronal mass ejections.
Effects of Typhoon Mujigae on the Biogeochemistry and Ecology of a Semi‐Enclosed Bay in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Zhou Xin , Jin Guangzhe , Li Jiacheng , Song Zhiguang , Zhang Shuwen , Chen Chunqing , Huang Chao , Chen Fajin , Zhu Qingmei , Meng Yafei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTyphoons frequently induce algal blooms in the open ocean based on the satellite remote sensing data. However, the effects of typhoons on nearshore areas are not fully clarified due to the inaccessibility of in situ sampled data and the low accuracy of satellite data in the nearshore areas. To understand the biogeochemical and ecological changes in semi‐enclosed bays under the influence of typhoons, physicochemical parameters and isotopic compositions of surface water were measured in Zhanjiang Bay during the super Typhoon Mujigae and nontyphoon periods. The results show that the chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations inside and outside the bay during these two periods were considerably different. During typhoon periods, the positive apparent oxygen utilization and unsaturated dissolved oxygen (DO) values suggested significant biological degradation in Zhanjiang Bay, rather than the algal blooms reported by previous studies. In contrast, during nontyphoon periods, particulate organic matter (POM: POC and PN) was mainly generated by in situ phytoplankton production, as indicated by a low POC/Chl a ratio (<99), low C/N ratio, and positive correlations between PN, POC, and Chl a. Isotopic analysis of the particulate N (PN) and nitrate (NO3−) indicated that the 15N‐enriched PN in both periods originally came from sewage‐dissolved inorganic N. These results suggest that the typhoon‐induced decomposition processes, rather than algal blooms, in this semi‐enclosed bay in the northern South China Sea, providing new understanding of the impact of the typhoons on marine biogeochemistry and ecology.
Estimating Bioturbation From Replicated Small‐Sample Radiocarbon Ages
Authors: Dolman Andrew M. , Groeneveld Jeroen , Mollenhauer Gesine , Ho Sze Ling , Laepple Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMarine sedimentary records are a key archive when reconstructing past climate; however, mixing at the seabed (bioturbation) can strongly influence climate records, especially when sedimentation rates are low. By commingling the climate signal from different time periods, bioturbation both smooths climate records, by damping fast climate variations, and creates noise when measurements are made on samples containing small numbers of individual proxy carriers, such as foraminifera. Bioturbation also influences radiocarbon‐based age‐depth models, as sample ages may not represent the true ages of the sediment layers from which they were picked. While these effects were first described several decades ago, the advent of ultra‐small‐sample 14C dating now allows samples containing very small numbers of foraminifera to be measured, thus enabling us to directly measure the age‐heterogeneity of sediment for the first time. Here, we use radiocarbon dates measured on replicated samples of 3–30 foraminifera to estimate age‐heterogeneity for five marine sediment cores with sedimentation rates ranging from 2 to 30 cm kyr−1. From their age‐heterogeneities and sedimentation rates we infer mixing depths of 10–20 cm for our core sites. Our results show that when accounting for age‐heterogeneity, the true error of radiocarbon dating can be several times larger than the reported measurement. We present estimates of this uncertainty as a function of sedimentation rate and the number of individuals per radiocarbon date. A better understanding of this uncertainty will help us to optimize radiocarbon measurements, construct age models with appropriate uncertainties and better interpret marine paleo records.
Sedimentary Processes Within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Relationships Among Sedimentological, Geochemical, and Magnetic Sediment Properties
Authors: Letaïef Sarah , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos , St‐Onge Guillaume 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sedimentological, geochemical, physical and magnetic properties of 40 surface and basal sediment samples of box cores collected throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) from the Canadian Beaufort Shelf to Lancaster Sound were analyzed to determine the sedimentary processes that operate within the CAA during the pre‐ and post‐industrial periods (i.e., before and after 1900 Common Era or CE). In addition, the chronology of seven selected regional cores was established using 210Pb measurements, where the base is dated between 1550 and 1820 CE. These cores provide an opportunity to robustly compare post‐1900 sedimentary conditions with those of the colder Little Ice Age period (LIA; ∼1500–1900 CE). The different properties combined with multivariate statistical analyses result in the identification of three regional provinces with distinct sedimentary characteristics: (a) the West province (Mackenzie Shelf/Slope, west Banks Island and M'Clure Strait) typified by detrital associations (Fe‐Rb‐Ti‐Zn), high organic matter inputs, dominance of magnetite and low‐coercivity minerals and high aluminosilicate contents; (b) the Intermediate Zone (Amundsen and Coronation gulfs) distinguished by Si‐Al‐Zr‐Sr‐K associations, Mn oxyhydroxides precipitation, constant high magnetic grain concentrations and a mixture between marine and terrigenous organic matter; and (c) the East Province (Queen Maud Gulf, Victoria and Barrow straits, and Lancaster and Eclipse sounds) described by high detrital carbonate inputs, marine organic matter, a dominance of high‐coercivity minerals and high magnetic concentrations in pre‐industrial samples. Our results confirm that the pre‐ and post‐industrial sedimentary dynamics are controlled by sediment supplies from the river discharges in the West and Intermediate provinces, whereas the East province is more influenced by sea ice and coastal erosion. Basal sediment samples from the seven 210Pb‐dated cores suggest an intensification of the Mackenzie, Coppermine, and Ellice rivers runoff, extensive sea‐ice cover and consequently sediment transport by the latter during the LIA period.