bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of an energetic flare from the M5V secondary star in the Polar MQ Dra
Authors: Ramsay Gavin , Hakala Pasi , Wood Matt A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
MQ Dra is a strongly magnetic Cataclysmic Variable whose white dwarf accretes material from its secondary star through a stellar wind at a low rate. TESS observations were made of MQ Dra in four sectors in Cycle 2 and show a short duration, high energy flare (∼1035 erg) which has a profile characteristic of a flare from the M5V secondary star. This is one of the few occasions where an energetic flare has been seen from a Polar. We find no evidence that the flare caused a change in the light curve following the event and consider whether a coronal mass ejection was associated with the flare. We compare the frequency of energetic flares from the secondary star in MQ Dra with M dwarf stars and discuss the overall flare rate of stars with rotation periods shorter than 0.2 d and how such fast rotators can generate magnetic fields with low differential rotation rates.
Exploring higher order images with Fe Kα-lines from relativistic discs: black hole spin determination and bias
Authors: Falanga M , Bakala P , Placa R La , De Falco V , De Rosa A , Stella L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the contributions to the relativistic Fe K α line profile from higher order images (HOIs) produced by strongly deflected rays from the disc which cross the plunging region, located between the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) radius and the event horizon of a Kerr black hole. We investigate the characteristics features imprinted by the HOIs in the line profile for different black hole spins, disc emissivity laws, and inclinations. We find that they extend from the red wing of the profile up to energies slightly lower than those of the blue peak, adding ∼0.4–1.3 per cent to the total line flux. The contribution to the specific flux is often in the ∼1 to 7 per cent range, with the highest values attained for low and negative spin (a ≲ 0.3) black holes surrounded by intermediate inclination angle (i ∼ 40°) discs. We simulate future observations of a black hole X-ray binary system with the Large Area Detector of the planned X-ray astronomy enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry Mission (eXTP) and find that the Fe Kα line profiles of systems accreting at ≲1 per cent the Eddington rate are affected by the HOI features for a range of parameters. This would provide evidence of the extreme gravitational lensing of HOI rays. Our simulations show also that not accounting for HOI contributions to the Fe Kα line profile may systematically bias measurements of the black hole spin parameter towards values higher by up to ∼0.3 than the inputted ones.
Apparent radio transients mapping the near-Earth plasma environment
Authors: Kuiack Mark J , Wijers Ralph A M J , Shulevski Aleksandar , Rowlinson Antonia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of bright, fast, radio flashes lasting tens of seconds with the AARTFAAC high-cadence all-sky survey at 60 MHz. The vast majority of these coincide with known, bright radio sources that brighten by factors of up to 100 during such an event. We attribute them to magnification events induced by plasma near the Earth, most likely in the densest parts of the ionosphere. They can occur both in relative isolation, during otherwise quiescent ionospheric conditions, and in large clusters during more turbulent ionospheric conditions. Using a toy model, we show that the likely origin of the more extreme (up to a factor of 100 or so) magnification events likely originate in the region of peak electron density in the ionosphere, at an altitude of 300–400 km. Distinguishing these events from genuine astrophysical transients is imperative for future surveys searching for low frequency radio transient at time-scales below a minute.
Chemical composition of stars with massive planets
Authors: Mishenina T , Basak N , Adibekyan V , Soubiran C , Kovtyukh V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Stellar parameters of 25 planet-hosting stars and abundances of Li, C, O, Na, Mg, Al, S, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu were studied based on homogeneous high-resolution spectra and uniform techniques. The iron abundance [Fe/H] and key elements (Li, C, O, Mg, Si) indicative of the planet formation, as well as the dependences of [El/Fe] on Tcond, were analysed. The iron abundances determined in our sample stars with detected massive planets range within –0.3 &lt; [Fe/H] &lt; 0.4. The behaviour of [C/Fe], [O/Fe], [Mg/Fe], and [Si/Fe] relative to [Fe/H] is consistent with the Galactic Chemical Evolution trends. The mean values of C/O and [C/O] are $\langle$C/O$\rangle$ = 0.48 ± 0.07 and $\langle$[C/O]$\rangle$ = –0.07 ± 0.07, which are slightly lower than solar ones. The Mg/Si ratios range from 0.83 to 0.95 for four stars in our sample and from 1.0 to 1.86 for the remaining 21 stars. Various slopes of [El/Fe] versus Tcond were found. The dependences of the planetary mass on metallicity, the lithium abundance, the C/O and Mg/Si ratios, and also on the [El/Fe]–Tcond slopes were considered.
Properties of the ionized CGM and IGM: tests for galaxy formation models from the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
Authors: Lim S H , Barnes D , Vogelsberger M , Mo H J , Nelson D , Pillepich A , Dolag K , Marinacci F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comparison of the physical properties of the ionized gas in the circumgalactic medium and intergalactic medium (IGM) at z ∼ 0 between observations and four cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: Illustris, TNG300 of the IllustrisTNG project, EAGLE, and one of the Magneticum simulations. For the observational data, we use the gas properties that are inferred from cross-correlating the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) from the Planck CMB maps with haloes and large-scale structure. Both the observational and simulation results indicate that the integrated gas pressure in haloes deviates from the self-similar case, showing that feedback impacts haloes with $M_{500}\sim 10^{12\!-\!13}\, {\rm M_\odot }$. The simulations predict that more than half the baryons are displaced from haloes, while the gas fraction inferred from our observational data roughly equals the cosmic baryon fraction throughout the $M_{500}\sim 10^{12\!-\!14.5}\, {\rm M_\odot }$ halo mass range. All simulations tested here predict that the mean gas temperature in haloes is about the virial temperature, while that inferred from the SZE is up to one order of magnitude lower than that from the simulations (and also from X-ray observations). While a remarkable agreement is found for the average properties of the IGM between the observation and some simulations, we show that their dependence on the large-scale tidal field can break the degeneracy between models that show similar predictions otherwise. Finally, we show that the gas pressure and the electron density profiles from simulations are not well described by a generalized NFW profile. Instead, we present a new model with a mass-dependent shape that fits the profiles accurately.
Cavitation fatigue in conifers: a study on eight European species
Authors: Feng Feng , Losso Adriano , Tyree Melvin , Zhang Shuoxin , Mayr Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter drought-induced embolism and repair, tree xylem may be weakened against future drought events (cavitation fatigue). As there are few data on cavitation fatigue in conifers available, we quantified vulnerability curves (VCs) after embolism/repair cycles on eight European conifer species. We induced 50% and 100% loss of conductivity (LC) with a cavitron, and analyzed VCs. Embolism repair was obtained by vacuum infiltration. All species demonstrated complete embolism repair and a lack of any cavitation fatigue after 50% LC . After 100% LC, European larch (Larix decidua), stone pine (Pinus cembra), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and silver fir (Abies alba) remained unaffected, while mountain pine (Pinus mugo), yew (Taxus baccata), and common juniper (Juniperus communis) exhibited 0.4–0.9 MPa higher vulnerability to embolism. A small cavitation fatigue observed in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was probably biased by incomplete embolism repair, as indicated by a correlation of vulnerability shifts and conductivity restoration. Our data demonstrate that cavitation fatigue in conifers is species-specific and depends on the intensity of preceding LC. The lack of fatigue effects after moderate LC, and relevant effects in only three species after high LC, indicate that conifers are relatively resistant against cavitation fatigue. This is remarkable considering the complex and delicate conifer pit architecture and may be important considering climate change projections.
Maize unstable factor for orange1 is essential for endosperm development and carbohydrate accumulation
Authors: Chatterjee Debamalya , Wittmeyer Kameron , Lee Tzuu-fen , Cui Jin , Yennawar Neela H , Yennawar Hemant P , Meyers Blake C , Chopra Surinder 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) Ufo1-1 is a spontaneous dominant mutation of the unstable factor for orange1 (ufo1). We recently cloned ufo1, which is a Poaceae-specific gene highly expressed during seed development in maize. Here, we have characterized Ufo1-1 and a loss-of-function Ds insertion allele (ufo1-Dsg) to decipher the role of ufo1 in maize. We found that both ufo1 mutant alleles impact sugars and hormones, and have defects in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and adjacent cell types. The Ufo1-1 BETL had reduced cell elongation and cell wall ingrowth, resulting in cuboidal shaped transfer cells. In contrast, the ufo1-Dsg BETL cells showed a reduced overall size with abnormal wall ingrowth. Expression analysis identified the impact of ufo1 on several genes essential for BETL development. The overexpression of Ufo1-1 in various tissues leads to ectopic phenotypes, including abnormal cell organization and stomata subsidiary cell defects. Interestingly, pericarp and leaf transcriptomes also showed that as compared with wild type, Ufo1-1 had ectopic expression of endosperm development-specific genes. This study shows that Ufo1-1 impacts the expression patterns of a wide range of genes involved in various developmental processes.
The sFlt-1 to PlGF ratio in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disease activity and sulfasalazine use
Authors: Neuman Rugina I , Smeele Hieronymus T W , Jan Danser A H , Dolhain Radboud J E M , Visser Willy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
An elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio has been validated as a significant predictor of preeclampsia, but has not been established in women with RA. We explored whether the sFlt-1/PlGFratio could be altered due to disease activity in RA, and could be applied in this population to predict preeclampsia. Since SSZ has been suggested to improve the angiogenic imbalance in preeclampsia, we also aimed to examine whether SSZ could affect sFlt-1 or PlGF levels.

Methods
Making use of a nationwide, observational, prospective cohort study on pregnant women with RA, sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured in the third trimester. A total of 221 women, aged 21–42 years, were included, with a median gestational age of 30 + 3 weeks.

Results
No differences in sFlt-1 or PlGF were observed between women with high, intermediate or low disease activity (P = 0.07 and P = 0.41), whereas sFlt-1 and PlGF did not correlate with DAS28-CRP score (r = −0.01 and r = −0.05, respectively). Four (2%) women with a sFlt-1/PlGF ratio ≤38 developed preeclampsia in comparison to three (43%) women with a ratio &gt; 38, corresponding to a negative predictive value of 98.1%. SSZ users (n = 57) did not show altered levels of sFlt-1 or PlGF in comparison to non-SSZ users (n = 164, P = 0.91 and P = 0.11).

Conclusion
Our study shows that in pregnant women with RA, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is not altered due to disease activity and a cut-off ≤38 can be used to exclude preeclampsia. Additionally, SSZ use did not affect sFlt-1 or PlGF levels in this population.
A novel fluorescence optical imaging scoring system for hand synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis—validity and agreement with ultrasound
Authors: Ammitzbøll-Danielsen Mads , Glinatsi Daniel , Terslev Lene , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a new semiquantitative fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) scoring system—the FOI Enhancement-Generated RA Score (FOIE-GRAS) for synovitis assessment in the hand.

Methods
The development of FOIE-GRAS was based on consensus of four experts in musculoskeletal imaging. Forty-six RA patients, eligible for treatment intensification and with ≥1 clinically swollen joints in the hands, and 11 healthy controls were included. FOI, ultrasound and clinical assessment of both hands were obtained at baseline and for RA patients after 3 and 6 months’ follow-up. Twenty RA patients had an FOI rescan after 4 h. Synovitis was scored using FOIE-GRAS and the OMERACT ultrasound synovitis scoring system. All FOI images were scored by two readers. Inter-scan, inter- and intra-reader reliability were determined. Furthermore, FOIE-GRAS agreement with ultrasound and responsiveness was assessed.

Results
FOIE-GRAS synovitis was defined as early enhancement, and scores were based on the degree of coverage of the specific joint region after 3 s (0–3). Inter-scan, intra- and inter-reader intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC) were good to excellent for all baseline scores (0.76–0.98) and moderate to good for change (0.65–76).
The FOIE-GRAS had moderate agreement with ultrasound (ICC 0.30–0.54) for total score, a good standardized response mean (&gt;0.80), and moderate correlation with clinical joint assessment and DAS28-CRP. The median (interquartile range) reading time per FOI examination was 133 (109, 161) s. Scores were significantly lower in controls [1 (0, 4)] than RA patients [11 (6, 19)].

Conclusion
The FOIE-GRAS offers a feasible and reliable assessment of synovitis in RA, with a moderate correlation with ultrasound and DAS28-CRP, and good responsiveness.
Do tender joints in active psoriatic arthritis reflect inflammation assessed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging?
Authors: Felbo Sara Kamp , Wiell Charlotte , Østergaard Mikkel , Poggenborg René Panduro , Bøyesen Pernille , Hammer Hilde Berner , Boonen Annelies , Pedersen Susanne Juhl , Sørensen Inge Juul , Madsen Ole Rintek , Slot Ole , Møller Jakob Møllenbach , Szkudlarek Marcin , Terslev Lene 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between clinical joint tenderness and intra- and periarticular inflammation as assessed by ultrasound and MRI in patients with active PsA and to explore if the associations differ according to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and structural damage.

Methods
Forty-one patients with active PsA and hand involvement had 76/78 joints examined for swelling/tenderness and ultrasound and MRI of 24 and 12 finger joints, respectively. Synovitis, tenosynovitis, periarticular inflammation and erosions were assessed using OMERACT definitions and scoring systems. Correlation between imaging inflammation sum-scores (intra-and periarticular) and tender/swollen joint counts were calculated using Spearman’s rho, agreement at joint level was examined using prevalence and bias adjusted kappa (PABAK). Subgroup analyses explored the influence of PROs and radiographic erosive disease on these associations.

Results
No significant correlations were found between tender or swollen joint counts and imaging inflammation sum-scores (rho = −0.31–0.38). In patients with higher level of overall pain, disability and lower self-reported mental health, a tendency towards negative correlations were found. At joint level, intra- and periarticular imaging inflammatory lesions had slight agreement with joint tenderness (PABAK = 0.02–0.19) and slight to moderate with swelling (PABAK = 0.16–0.54). For tender joints, agreement with imaging inflammation was even weaker in patients with either high overall pain scores, high disability scores, and/or non-erosive disease.

Conclusion
Joint tenderness had low association with imaging signs of inflammation in PsA patients, particularly in patients with high self-reported pain, disability and low mental health, indicating that tenderness is influenced by other parameters than local inflammation.
Prognostic Accuracy of DSM-5 Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome in Adolescents: Prospective Real-World 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Mensi Martina Maria , Molteni Silvia , Iorio Melanie , Filosi Eleonora , Ballante Elena , Balottin Umberto , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Borgatti Renato 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is limited research in adolescents at risk for psychosis. The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition attenuated psychosis syndrome (DSM-5 APS) criteria have not been validated in this group. We conducted a RECORD-compliant, real-world, prospective, 5-year cohort study addressing clinical profile, transition to psychosis, and prognostic accuracy of DSM-5 APS in help-seeking inpatient/outpatient adolescents accessing Children and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric services at IRCCS Mondino Foundation (Pavia, Lombardy, Italy) between 2012 and 2019. About 243 adolescents (31 early-onset psychosis [EOP]; 110 meeting DSM-5 APS criteria, DSM-5 APS; 102 not meeting psychotic or DSM-5 APS criteria, non-APS) were included. At baseline, DSM-5 APS adolescents (aged 15.4 ± 1.6) had on average 2.3 comorbid disorders (higher than EOP/non-APS, P &lt; .001). DSM-5 APS adolescents had an intermediate psychopathological profile between non-APS/EOP (P &lt; .001) and worsen Clinical Global Impression-Severity than non-APS (P &lt; .001). DSM-5 APS functioning was intermediate between non-APS and EOP. 39.1% of DSM-5 APS were treated with psychotropic drugs (average = 64 days); 53.6% received psychotherapy. Follow-up of DSM-5 APS and non-APS groups lasted 33 and 26 months, respectively (median). The cumulative risk of transition at 1–5 years was 13%, 17%, 24.2%, 26.8%, and 26.8% in the DSM-5 APS group, 0%, 0%, 3.2%, 3.2%, and 3.2% in the non-APS group. The 5-year prognostic accuracy of the DSM-5 APS in adolescent was adequate (area under the curve = 0.77; Harrell’s C = 0.736, 95%CI 0.697–0.775), with high sensitivity (91.3%) and suboptimal specificity (63.2%). The DSM-5 APS diagnosis can be used to detect help-seeking adolescents at risk of psychosis and predict their long-term outcomes. Future research should consolidate these findings.
(De)criminalization of Survivors of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Social Work Call to Action
Authors: Gezinski Lindsay B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) are failing to be identified and are frequently criminalized. Examining the linkages between DMST and the juvenile legal system is important, as many trafficked youths are only identified after entry into the child welfare or juvenile court system as a result of being arrested or detained on related delinquency charges. Due to legacies of structural violence, marginalized youths are reluctant to approach police officers for help. Therefore, social workers have an opportunity to identify, intervene, and advocate for trafficked youths. In this article, the author provides an overview of existing research related to the demographic profile of DMST, homelessness and survival sex, recruitment and entry, barriers to effective community response, and prevention and intervention strategies. This article represents a call to broaden our view of young people in the sex trade and supports the decriminalization of trafficked youths. Interventions and policies must be designed to fit their complex needs and experiences, resulting in empowerment, opportunity, and new beginnings.
Hydraulic segmentation does not protect stems from acute water loss during fire
Authors: Hoffmann William A , Rodrigues Amanda C , Uncles Nicholas , Rossi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The heat plume associated with fire has been hypothesized to cause sufficient water loss from trees to induce embolism and hydraulic failure. However, it is unclear whether the water transport path remains sufficiently intact during scorching or burning of foliage to sustain high water loss. We measured water uptake by branches of Magnolia grandiflora while exposing them to a range of fire intensities and examined factors influencing continued water uptake after fire. Burning caused a 22-fold mean increase in water uptake, with greatest rates of water loss observed at burn intensities that caused complete consumption of leaves. Such rapid uptake is possible only with steep gradients in water potential, which would likely result in substantial cavitation of xylem and loss of conductivity in intact stems. Water uptake continued after burning was complete and was greatest following burn intensities that killed leaves but did not consume them. This post-fire uptake was mostly driven by rehydration of the remaining tissues, rather than evaporation from the tissues. Our results indicate that the fire plume hypothesis can be expanded to include a wide range of burning conditions experienced by plants. High rates of water loss are sustained during burning, even when leaves are killed or completely consumed.
The performance of the recombinase polymerase amplification test for detecting Leishmania deoxyribonucleic acid from skin lesions of patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Mesa Luz Estella , Manrique Rubén , Robledo Sara M , Tabares Jessica , Pineda Tatiana , Muskus Carlos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on demonstration of the presence of the parasite in samples obtained from the lesions by direct examination (DE), culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) represents an isothermal version of the conventional PCR (cPCR) technique, being ideal for detecting Leishmania DNA, especially in field conditions.

Methods
A prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of RPA in the health centres of rural endemic sites or the evaluation centre (EC) of 11 Colombian municipalities and in a reference centre (RC).

Results
Samples of 128 patients with suspected CL were included and processed for analysis by RPA vs DE in the EC and RPA vs DE and cPCR in the RC. The RPA performed at the EC was more sensitive (90.4% [95% confidence interval {CI} 81.9 to 95.7]) than the DE (42–67%) and the specificity was 72.7% (95% CI 57.2 to 85.0). Both the sensitivity and specificity increased to 100% when adjusting by the imperfect reference standard analysis method. In the RC, the sensitivity of RPA vs cPCR was 72% and the specificity was 69.8%, while the sensitivity of cPCR vs the DE test was 78.8% and the specificity was 81%.

Conclusions
The higher sensitivity and specificity shown by RPA in the EC, but also its ease and speed of use, justify performing RPA in the health centres of rural endemic sites. In addition, RPA eliminates the subjectivity inherent in the traditional DE.