bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on debris flow risk monitoring and Early Warning in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Huang Qianrui , Yang Shuran , Cheng Xianfeng , Xiang Yungang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Debris flow is the mainly the geological disasters in Nujiang Prefecture, while precipitation is the trigger of it, how to implement debris flow forecast based on precipitation monitoring data or forecast data is a hot issue in current debris flow disaster research field. Because of the special geomorphology in Nujiang Prefecture, due to the influence of human activities, geological disasters occur frequently, severely affect the local economic development. As a demonstration area of geological disaster monitoring and early warning in Yunnan Province, to build a well-developed geological disaster warning system, it is very important to spread it to other parts of Yunnan province. Based on the analysis of the current situation of geological disasters in Nujiang Prefecture, adopt appropriate monitoring method and calculation method to select the primary sites for debris flow monitoring and early warning in the Nu River basin for research.
Genesis and evolution of magmas according to data on hot heterogeneous accretion of the Earth
Authors: Shkodzinskiy Vladimir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The obtained numerous proofs of hot heterogeneous accretion of the Earth lead to a fundamentally new solution to the problems of genesis and evolution of magmas. According to these data, the Earth’s core was formed earlier than the silicate mantle as a result of the agglutination of iron particles of the protoplanetary disk under the influence of magnetic forces, because with a small body size, these forces were billions of times more powerful thangravitational ones. The accretion of the silicate mantle created a global magmatic ocean under the influence of impact heat release. Its bottom part crystallized and fractionated as a result of the pressure increase of the formed upper parts. Cumulates formed the ultrabasic mantle, and residual melts formed the magmatic ocean. The increase in ocean temperature and depth caused the evolution of bottom residual melts from acidic to ultrabasic, the appearance of corresponding layers in the ocean, and the reverse geothermal gradient in the mantle. As a result of the cooling and crystallization of the ocean from top to bottom after 3.8 billion years ago early Precambrian crystal complexes, acidic crust, and the lithosphere of ancient platforms were formed. The separation of residual melts from various layers caused the evolution of magmatism on them from acidic to akaline-ultramafic and kimberlite. Heating of the mantle by a high-temperature core led to the appearance of a direct geothermal gradient at the end of the Proterozoic, convection in the mantle, and modern geodynamic environments. In them, magmas are formed by the frictional and decompression melting of the differentiates of the magmatic ocean.
A new mineral assemblage from the diorite complex in the Fe-Oxide-Cu-Au ores of the Kis-Kuel deposit (Eastern Yakutia, Russia)
Authors: Kostin Aleksey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research continues our investigations of the iron-oxide copper-gold deposits in the Western Verkhoyansk region, where recent years efforts of the IGABM SB RAS led to the discovery of a new gold Kiskuel deposit. The Kis-Kuel intrusion-related IOCG deposit in Eastern Yakutia (Russia) with a wide range of mineral styles has a direct genetic link with a cooling intrusion during its formation. The IOCG worldwide and the Kis-Kuel deposit have common features for this style - the abundance of iron oxides and low of sulfides. Magmatic contribution to the Kis-Kuel deposit is significant. Intrusive rocks range from diorite to granodiorite in composition. The Kiskuel deposit hosted in diorites and granodiorites; xenoliths confirming deep mineralization represented by pyrrhotite (main), pyrite, chalcopyrite, and clinosafflorite (Co, Fe, Ni)As2, chromite, pentlandite. Clinosafflorite localized at the contact of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite and at the contact of pyrrhotite and biotite. Chalcopyrite is found in intergrowth with pyrrhotite, were it forms bands and lenses. Parallel to the biotite cleavage, the thinnest layers of chalcopyrite are common. Clinosafflorite is rare and discovered in hydrothermal cobalt-nickel ores of the Bou-Azzer (Morocco), Cobalt (Canada), Glassberg (Germany), Silver Mine (England) and several others. Mineralization of rich mica processes occur in connection with the chromite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite; a common feature of the mineralized dark-colored rock is phlogopite abundance, ilmenite, potassium feldspar, calcite, rarely quartz; clinoenstatite metasomaticaly replaced with phlogopite and dolomite. This new evidence supports a magmatic-hydrothermal model for the formation of IOCG deposit in the Kis-Kuel, where iron-oxide mineralization sourced from intermediate magmas. The deep complex predominantly composed of chromite, ilmenite, magnetite, pentlandite, and clinocafflorite; less of galena and sphalerite. Many diverse mineraization systems from Kis-Kuel classified together as iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits. The obtained data suggest deep ore-bearing structure of the Kis-Kuel ore-magmatic cluster with the potential for discovering of a new mineral ores style. All of this help in developing a new robust prospecting model.
Production of Ferroboron from Wastes by SHS-metallurgy and influence of Ligatures on the Structure/Properties of Cast Iron
Authors: Zakharov Garegin , Aslamazashvili Zurab , Chikhradze Mikheil , Kvaskhvadze Davit , Khidasheli Nugzar , Gvazava Salome 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Waste, generated during the industrial process negatively affects the environment, but at the same time it is a valuable raw material and can be used to produce new marketable products. The study of the effectiveness of Self-propagating High temperature Synthesis (SHS) methods, which are characterized by the simplicity of the necessary equipment, the purity of the final product and the high processing speed, is under the wide scientific and practical interest to solve the set problem. The work describes technological aspects of production of ferro boron by the method of SHS - metallurgy from iron-containing wastes of rolled production for alloying of cast iron and results of effect of alloying element on degree of boron assimilation with liquid cast iron. Features of Fe-B system combustion have been investigated and the main parameters to control the phase composition of synthesis products have been experimentally established. Effect of overloads on patterns of cast ligatures formation and mechanisms of structure formation of SHS products was studied. It has been shown that an increase in the content of hematite Fe2O3 in iron-containing waste leads to an increase in the content of phase FeB and accordingly, the amount of boron in the ligature. Boron content in ligature is within 3-14%, and phase composition of obtained ligatures consists of Fe2B and FeB phases. Depending on the initial composition of the wastes, the yield of the end product reaches 91 - 94%, and the extraction of boron is 70 - 88%. Combustion processes of high exothermic mixtures allow obtaining a wide range of boron-containing ligatures from industrial wastes. In view of the relatively low melting point of the obtained SHS-ligature, the positive dynamics of boron absorption by liquid iron is established. According to the obtained data, the degree of absorption of the ligature by alloying gray cast iron at 1450 ° C is 80 - 85%. When combined with the treatment of liquid cast iron with magnesium, followed by alloying with the developed ligature, boron losses are reduced by 5-7%. At that uniform distribution of boron micro-additives in volume of treated liquid metal is provided.
Modelling of Fluidity during Hot Compaction of Ti-B System Synthesized Mass
Authors: Melashvili Zaqaria , Namicheishvili Teimuraz , Tutberidze Aleqsandre , Aslamazashvili Zurab , Chikhradze Mikheil , Zakharov Garegin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Developing the scientific basis for making new materials with pre-planned, physical and mechanical properties by SHS (self-propagating high temperature synthesis)-compaction is a fundamental problem of modern metallurgy, which can be solved by imaginative modeling of the structural-phase state of materials. Among the many methods of obtaining metal-ceramic tiles, the ease of process management, cheapness, ecological cleanliness and the possibility of obtaining high-quality products are significantly distinguished by the innovative SHS electrrical rolling process developed at the F. Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, which, by maintaining the equilibrium velocities of the rolling and combustion fronts, ensures hot deformation of the hot viscous plastic mass in the deformation core under conditions of continuous compensation of heat losses Namicheishvili, 2016 [1] and Aslamazashvili, 2017 [2].
Structural Evolution of Ore-Controlling Trans-Crustal Faults of the Olchan-Nera Zone: Constraints from the Khangalas Ore Cluster, Yana-Kolyma Metallogenic Belt, NE Russia
Authors: Kudrin Maxim , Fridovsky Valery 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article studies the structural evolution of ore-controlling trans-crustal faults of orogenic deposits and occurrences of the Khangalas ore cluster located in the southeastern part of the Olchan–Nera metallogenic zone, in the Upper Indigirka sector of the Yana–Kolyma metallogenic belt, North–East of Russia. Studies have shown that the formation of tectonic structures occurred during four Mesozoic deformation stages. Accretionary thrust stage D1 resulted in formation of the main pattern of the Mesozoic tectonic structures of the region. Further tectonic evolution occurred in a strike–slip setting of the accretionary D2 and post-accretionary D3–D4 stages. Post-ore strike-slip faults activate and complicate the earlier formed structures of the reverse and thrust paragenesis. Mineralization associated with the strike-slip faults has not been established, whereas formation of the gold-antimony mineralization is associated with sinistral strike–slip faults in the Adycha–Taryn metallogenic zone located to the southwest. The new data obtained are consistent with the previously proposed model of the evolution of the deformation structures of the Khangalas deposit.
Ore Geology, RE–OS Isotope Geochemistry of the Au and Au-Sb Mineralizations, Kular–Nera Terrane, Northeast Asia: Implications for Time of Formation and Ore Genesis
Authors: Fridovsky Valery Y. , Kudrin Maxim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the first results of investigation of the Re–Os isotope system of native gold from the Malo-Tarynskoe, Khangalas, Bazovskoe, and chalcopyrite from the Dvoinoe orogenic gold deposits and stibnite from the Maltan Au-Sb depositin the Kular–Nera terrane, Northeast Asia. The deposits are spatially related to NW-trending lithospheric-scale major brittle faults or controlled by subsidiary faults and fracture zones. Such zones served as pathways for fluids rising from below the crust, and they have a long tectonic and reactivation history. The Kular–Nera terrane consists of Upper Permian, Triassic, and Lower Jurassic clastic sedimentary-rock sequences, metamorphosed to initial stages of greenschist facies. Magmatism is manifested by Kimmeridgian–Berriasian S- and I-types granitoids and mafic dikes of the Tas–Kystabyt magmatic belt. Re concentration in gold varies from 0.168 to 6.997 ppb, and that of osmium – from 0.068 to 1.443 ppb. Chalcopyrite from the Dvoinoe deposit occurrence contains 0.1522 ppb Re and 0.499 ppb Os. Stibnite from the Maltan Au-Sb depositoccurrence contains 0. 236 ppb Re and 0.903 ppb Os. The Re–Os ages of gold from the Malo-Tarynskoe (147.8 ± 3.8 Ma) and Bazovskoe (147.2 ± 1.8 Ma) and Khangalas (137.1 ± 7.6 Ma) orogenic deposits and the Maltan Au-Sb deposits (69.7±1.9 Ma) are determined. Malo-Tarynskoe and Bazovskoe represent the earliest known orogenic gold mineralization in the Kular–Nera terrane. The data obtained permit us to correlate the initiation of orogenic gold-ore systems with the completion of the formation at the end of the Late Jurassic Uyandina–Yasachnaya volcanic belt, crystallization and subsequent cooling in the Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous of granitoid massifs of the Tas-Kystabyt magmatic belt, and subduction–accretionary events at the northeastern active continental margin of the Siberian craton. Maltan Au-Sb deposit is related to completion of the formation of the Albian-Late Cretaceous Okhotsk–Chukotka volcano-plutonic belt. Contrasting mantle and/or crustal sources of ore-forming material are established. The osmium initial isotopic ratio in gold 187Os/188Os = 0.2210-0.4275 and antimonite (0,2543-0,2976) is typical for the ore-forming material from the fertile mantle reservoir, and for chalcopyrite (3.1904) – from the crust.
Implementation of the 2030 sustainable development goals - affordable and clean energy in Poland
Authors: Rybak Aurelia , Wlodarczyk Ewelina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the most serious challenges facing the world, including the European Union and Poland, is the climate crisis and environmental pollution. The article presents an analysis of the implementation of sustainable development goals in the field of Affordable and clean Energy in Poland. The Sustainable Development Goals have replaced the Millennium Goals and enable their continuation. They were defined at the United Nations Conference in 2012. 17 goals and 169 actions were set. Sustainable Development Goals are a set of activities, the implementation of which is to lead to the development of sustainable development in the environmental, social and economic terms. Achieving the goals will be possible among others through changes in the field of climate, education, poverty or the natural environment. The study analyses, inter alia, such indicators related to the discussed objectives like energy import dependency by products, energy productivity, share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption by sector, final energy consumption in households per capita were analysed. This made it possible to indicate the level of achievement of the set goals, as well as to determine the possibility of achieving the goals set by 2030. The authors also presented the results of the generated for the analysed indicators forecasts. The presented results were obtained with the use of mathematical models, which were finally selected by the authors after the validation process. The time horizon of the forecasts was adjusted to the requirements of sustainable development goals. Countermeasures that can be taken to accelerate the deadline for achieving the targets were also outlined.
Principles of using precise inclinometry for landslides
Authors: Sombathy Erik , Mendes Estevao , Huang Qianrui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to analyze the possibility of using precise inclinometry for landslides. Inclinometric measurements are widely used to monitor landslides, retaining walls, piles and in places where it is necessary to measure deep ground deformations. The value of deep-seated ground deformations is calculated indirectly by using the difference of the inclination of an inclinometer casing installed on a borehole. Inclinometers are used to measure horizontal movements at various levels, usually within earth fills. Inclinometers are used to monitor slopes, indicating movement on a slope before it is visible on the surface of the slope. Inclinometers have often proved very successful in recognizing movement zones and the size, speed and direction of movement not only on slopes, but also on embankments, etc. There are a number of different types of inclinometers, and within each type there are variations produced by different manufacturers. However, the basic principle of precise inclinometry is the same. A guide tube is installed in the borehole and the inclination of the guide tube from the vertical is measured at predetermined intervals. It is measured using a pendulum which is enclosed in a watertight probe. The probe is lowered through the tube. The inclination of the pendulum is measured using electronic devices that are very accurate. The measurement results are determined by pulling out the measuring instrument (inclinometric probe). After assessing the measured values, the course of the profile is determined, if we compare the profiles from different measurements, we can evaluate the direction and size of the shift for the monitored period.
Hybrid inorganic-organic membranes in the service of clean coal technologies
Authors: Rybak Aleksandra , Rybak Aurelia , Joostberens Jaroslaw 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clean coal technologies (CCT) are all technological solutions that are designed to increase the efficiency of coal combustion, processing and extraction. They are therefore, all the technologies that will help to reduce its environmental nuisance during the production and use of coal and can be introduced at various stages of coal application. Earlier was stated that none of the energy sources (natural gas, crude oil and renewable energy sources), their native resources, the used technologies and the sources of imports are not able to eliminate hard coal from the energy mix of Poland in the near future. That is why the authors began research to create a new clean-coal technology based on the hybrid inorganic-organic membranes, which can be used for elimination of harmful substances generated during coal combustion, especially CO2. This work concerns the study of the inorganic-organic hybrid membranes based on few modified polymer matrices and various inorganic fillers. It was found that incorporation of zeolite 4A into the polymer matrix had significantly changed the gas transport parameters (D, P, S and α). In turn, the mechanical (Rm and E) parameters have increased with the filler content. The application allows the initial selection of ingredients from which the final membrane will be created. The designed technology does not require high financial expenditures, and it is also highly universal. It can be used both in households, heating plants and, above all, in power plants.
Study of Heavy Metals Toxicity Level in Workplace Atmosphere by Alternative Methods
Authors: Toth Lorand , Angela Călămar , Alexandru Simion , Nicolescu Cristian , Kovacs Izabella 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Promoting safety and health at work, as part of the overall improvement of working conditions, is an important strategy, not only to ensure well-being of workers, but also to make a positive contribution to productivity. Health, safety and well-being of workers are therefore prerequisites for improving quality and productivity and are important for equitable and sustainable socio-economic development. Toxicological investigation of an industrial objective involves both knowledge of working conditions and the dynamic establishment of occupational pollutants in the workplace atmosphere, as well as bio-toxicological evaluation, being a synthetic representation of the aggressiveness of pollutants entering the body by various paths (respiratory, cutaneous, digestive, etc.) with reference, at the same time, to the adaptability of respective employees. Evaluation of the toxicological investigation has a role in following the evolution of working conditions and health of employees in time, potential technological changes with possible impact on employees’ health, as well as if new conditions occur, requiring the completion of previous toxicological investigations. Use of heavy metals in different industries has increased the quality of products from different production sectors but on the other hand also led to an increase in the toxicity of workplace atmosphere, which requires an assessment of the negative impact produced. The current paper aims at an alternative analysis of the determination of heavy metals content (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr) in workplace atmosphere, using, on one hand, the method of spectroscopy of atomic emissions with inductively coupled plasma and, on the other hand, fluorescence with X rays. Following statistical processing of data gathered by the two alternative methods, the accuracy, reproducibility, relative standard deviation as well as the fidelity of methods expressed by the coefficient of variation will be established.
Immissions profiling using AI
Authors: Darie Marius , Călămar Angela , Burian Constantin Sorin , Kovacs Marius , Simion Alexandru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Industrial activity and not only, generates both emissions and immissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Thus, their magnitude and dynamics will present a specific footprint for each pollutant. The article aims to identify immission profiles using tools specific to artificial intelligence applied to a wide set of recordings of environmental parameters. The first part briefly presents the issue of environmental protection and specific regulations at national and European level, and the second part showcases the database of environmental parameters and the theoretical model of data processing. The last part of the paper is dedicated to results obtained and their analysis which shows the presence of emissions patterns (profiles) measured in different locations and time periods. Seasonality and its impact on emission profiles were also analysed. On this occasion, the use of the Hurst exponent allowed the segregation of various time series of data based on the resulting memory interpreted as a measure of immissions’ persistence. Jumps in the temporal dimension of values allowed the anonymous association of immissions with different locations. Analysis of the topology of clusters associated with immission profiles highlighted the presence of two types: rare clusters and dense clusters. Rare clusters can be associated with immission having accidental dynamics and dense clusters can be associated with systematic immissions. Use of the framed method allows for a classification of pollutants resulting in increased chances of solving the environmental impact.