bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of the population dynamics and racing outcomes of the 2014 and 2015 UK and Ireland Thoroughbred foal crops
Authors: Arango‐Sabogal Juan Carlos , Mouncey Rebecca , de Mestre Amanda M. , Verheyen Kristien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Up‐to‐date figures on early losses of Thoroughbreds from the racing industry can inform strategies to improve retention and incentivise traceability of Thoroughbreds during this early life period.Methods: Data on Thoroughbred mares bred in 2013–2014 and training, racing and sales information of their live offspring were analysed. The proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the entire 2014–2015 United Kingdom and Ireland foal crops that entered training, raced, were imported and/or exported between birth and the end of their third year of life, as well as the racing performance of these horses as 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds were described.Results: A total of 20,661 mares produced 28,282 live foals. Of them, 47.2% (95% CI: 46.7–47.8; n = 13,354) entered training by the end of their third year of life. Of these, 10,595 (79.3%; 95% CI: 78.7–80.0) raced at least once. Around 20% (n = 5712) of horses were exported by the end of their third year of life, of which 3526 (61.7%) had been in training. The overall mortality during the study period was 7.6% (n = 2123).Conclusion: A considerable proportion of Thoroughbreds had not entered training by 3 years of age but of those that had, the proportion that raced at least once was high. Further research is needed to establish reasons for premature losses from the industry.
Therapeutic use of autologous blood patch pleurodesis for continuous pneumothorax in a feline pyothorax
Authors: Lombardo Deanna , Weatherton Linda K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA continuous pneumothorax developed in a feline patient following placement of a thoracostomy tube in order to facilitate medical management of a pyothorax. Possible causes of the continuous pneumothorax include iatrogenic complications during tube placement, rupture of a possible pulmonary abscess, underlying neoplasia or concurrent inflammatory airway disease. The patient was placed on continuous suction with no improvement. Surgical exploration was declined. An autologous blood patch pleurodesis was performed which led to resolution of the continuous pneumothorax within four hours of therapy.
Successful calcaneal common tendon tenorrhaphy in a Dorper lamb
Authors: Oliveira Bonow Mariana , Caetano Veado Henrique , de Cássia Campebell Rita , Soto‐Blanco Benito , Carlos Lopes Câmara Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTendon rupture is an uncommon cause of lameness in small ruminants. This report aimed to present a successful common calcaneal tendon (CCT) tenorrhaphy in a Dorper lamb after rupture during a tail docking procedure. The lamb presented a 3.5 cm linear open wound over CCT. During surgery, an incision was made over the skin on the caudolateral aspect of the distal tibia over CCT. The tendon stumps were isolated using haemostats, repair was performed via a locking‐loop suture pattern using non‐absorbable suture material. Postoperative limb immobilisation was conducted using a full‐limb compressive bandage and a modified Schroeder–Thomas splint, and follow‐up continued for 4 weeks. Ten months postsurgery, a fibrous callus was evident and the lamb exhibited no lameness. In this report, CCT tenorrhaphy using non‐absorbable suture in a locking‐loop pattern was a successful approach. Limb immobilisation in extension and specific physiotherapy are important methods to fasten the patient's rehabilitation.
A note on the subleading soft graviton
Authors: Himwich Elizabeth , Mirzaiyan Zahra , Pasterski Sabrina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show that the soft part of the charge generating infinitesimal superrotations can be expressed, in harmonic gauge, in terms of metric components evaluated at the boundaries of null infinity that are subleading in a large radius expansion. We then recast the spin memory observable in terms of these boundary values.
New heat kernel method in Lifshitz theories
Authors: Grosvenor Kevin T. , Melby-Thompson Charles , Yan Ziqi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We develop a new heat kernel method that is suited for a systematic study of the renormalization group flow in Hořava gravity (and in Lifshitz field theories in general). This method maintains covariance at all stages of the calculation, which is achieved by introducing a generalized Fourier transform covariant with respect to the nonrelativistic background spacetime. As a first test, we apply this method to compute the anisotropic Weyl anomaly for a (2 + 1)-dimensional scalar field theory around a z = 2 Lifshitz point and corroborate the previously found result. We then proceed to general scalar operators and evaluate their one-loop effective action. The covariant heat kernel method that we develop also directly applies to operators with spin structures in arbitrary dimensions.
Optimisation of complex integration contours at higher order
Authors: Bursa Francis , Kroyter Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We continue our study of contour deformation as a practical tool for dealing with the sign problem using the d-dimensional Bose gas with non-zero chemical potential as a toy model. We derive explicit expressions for contours up to the second order with respect to a natural small parameter and generalise these contours to an ansatz for which the evaluation of the Jacobian is fast (O(1)). We examine the behaviour of the various proposed contours as a function of space-time dimensionality, the chemical potential, and lattice size and geometry and use the mean phase factor as a measure of the severity of the sign problem. In turns out that this method leads to a substantial reduction of the sign problem and that it becomes more efficient as space-time dimensionality is increased. Correlations among contributions to Im 〈S〉 play a key role in determining the mean phase factor and we examine these correlations in detail.
Akute muskulotendinöse Ruptur des M. pectoralis major
Authors: Hinz Maximilian , Kleim Benjamin D. , Mayr Felix , Imhoff Andreas B. , Siebenlist Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Pectoralis-major-Ruptur (PMR) ist eine seltene Verletzung, die v. a. beim Kraftsport aufritt. Vorgestellt wird der Fall eines 31-jährigen Profibasketballspielers, der sich beim Bankdrücken eine Komplettruptur am muskulotendinösen Übergang des M. pectoralis major (PM) zugezogen hatte. Drei Wochen nach dem erlittenen Trauma erfolgte bei persistierenden Schmerzen und Kraftdefizit die Refixation des PM. Drei Monate postoperativ konnte der Patient bei vollem Bewegungsumfang schmerzfrei in den Basketballsport zurückkehren. Die Verletzungsentität wird vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur diskutiert und das operative Vorgehen im Detail dargestellt.
Influence of visual feedback, hand dominance and sex on individuated finger movements
Authors: Johansson Anna-Maria , Grip Helena , Rönnqvist Louise , Selling Jonas , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Strong Andrew , Häger Charlotte K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability to perform individual finger movements, highly important in daily activities, involves visual monitoring and proprioception. We investigated the influence of vision on the spatial and temporal control of independent finger movements, for the dominant and non-dominant hand and in relation to sex. Twenty-six healthy middle-aged to old adults (M age = 61 years; range 46–79 years; females n = 13) participated. Participants performed cyclic flexion–extension movements at the metacarpophalangeal joint of one finger at a time while keeping the other fingers as still as possible. Movements were recorded using 3D optoelectronic motion technique (120 Hz). The movement trajectory distance; speed peaks (movement smoothness); Individuation Index (II; the degree a finger can move in isolation from the other fingers) and Stationarity Index (SI; how still a finger remains while the other fingers move) were extracted. The main findings were: (1) vision only improved the II and SI marginally; (2) longer trajectories were evident in the no-vision condition for the fingers of the dominant hand in the female group; (3) longer trajectories were specifically evident for the middle and ring fingers within the female group; (4) females had marginally higher II and SI compared with males; and (5) females had fewer speed peaks than males, particularly for the ring finger. Our results suggest that visual monitoring of finger movements marginally improves performance of our non-manipulative finger movement task. A consistent finding was that females showed greater independent finger control compared with males.
Long-Term Efficacy of Intensive Zoledronate Therapy and Predictors of Retreatment in Paget’s Disease of Bone
Authors: Barale Marco , Sigrist Sarah , Bioletto Fabio , Maiorino Federica , Ghigo Ezio , Mazzetti Riccardo , Procopio Massimo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the current debate on the best therapeutic approach, i.e. symptomatic vs intensive strategy, one zoledronate (Zol) infusion is effective in most patients with Paget’s disease of bone (PDB), whereas few need retreatment, whose predictors are not well established. We aimed to evaluate long-term efficacy of intensive Zol therapy and predictors of retreatment in PDB. Pagetic complications, clinical and biochemical response to Zol together with frequency of retreatment were retrospectively assessed in forty-seven PDB patients (age, mean ± SD: 72.5 ± 8.9 years, M/F: 24/23; symptomatic/asymptomatic: 16/31). Statistical analysis for retreatment prediction were based on Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s Χ2 and ROC curve analysis. During seven-year follow-up, all patients achieved pain relief and only one underwent arthroplasty. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) detected three non-responder (6%) and six relapsing (13%) patients needing retreatment. Retreated patients had less old age (66.1 ± 11.2 vs 74.0 ± 7.7 years), higher frequency of polyostotic disease (78% vs 40%) and higher baseline (96.5 ± 24.8 vs 44.9 ± 27.7 mcg/l) and post-Zol nadir BAP levels (24.7 ± 24.1 vs 8.1 ± 4.1 mcg/l) than patients treated once (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In multivariate analysis both serum baseline and post-Zol nadir BAP significantly predicted retreatment (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01–1.17 and 1.29, 1.03–1.62, respectively), with ROC curve analysis showing the greatest accuracies for threshold values of 75.6 and 9.9 mcg/l (sensitivity 88 and 90%, specificity 94 and 86%, AUC 0.92 and 0.93, respectively). Our data in mostly asymptomatic, metabolically active PDB patients treated with intensive Zol therapy show a negligible incidence of pagetic complications and long-term optimal disease control, with BAP being the best predictor of retreatment.
Does Maintenance of Pulmonary Blood Flow Pulsatility at the Time of the Fontan Operation Improve Hemodynamic Outcome in Functionally Univentricular Hearts?
Authors: Kalia K. , Walker-Smith P. , Ordoñez M. V. , Barlatay F. G. , Chen Q. , Weaver H. , Caputo M. , Stoica S. , Parry A. , Tulloh R. M. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is unclear whether residual anterograde pulmonary blood flow (APBF) at the time of Fontan is beneficial. Pulsatile pulmonary flow may be important in maintaining a compliant and healthy vascular circuit. We, therefore, wished to ascertain whether there was hemodynamic evidence that residual pulsatile flow at time of Fontan promotes clinical benefit. 106 consecutive children with Fontan completion (1999–2018) were included. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PI, (systolic pressure–diastolic pressure)/mean pressure)) was calculated from preoperative cardiac catheterization. Spectral analysis charted PI as a continuum against clinical outcome. The population was subsequently divided into three pulsatility subgroups to facilitate further comparison. Median PI prior to Fontan was 0.236 (range 0–1). 39 had APBF, in whom PI was significantly greater (median: 0.364 vs. 0.177, Mann–Whitneyp < 0.0001). There were four early hospital deaths (3.77%), and PI in these patients ranged from 0.214 to 0.423. There was no correlation between PI and standard cardiac surgical outcomes or systemic oxygen saturation at discharge. Median follow-up time was 4.33 years (range 0.0273–19.6), with no late deaths. Increased pulsatility was associated with higher oxygen saturations in the long term, but there was no difference in reported exercise tolerance (Ross), ventricular function, or atrioventricular valve regurgitation at follow-up. PI in those with Fontan-associated complications or the requiring pulmonary vasodilators aligned with the overall population median. Maintenance of pulmonary flow pulsatility did not alter short-term outcomes or long-term prognosis following Fontan although it tended to increase postoperative oxygen saturations, which may be beneficial in later life.
The Art of Rhinoplasty: Researching Technical and Cultural Foundations of Western World Rhinosurgery, from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance
Authors: Marinozzi S. , Sanese G. , Messineo D. , Raposio E. , Codolini L. , Carbonaro R. , Cervelli V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe analysis of the written sources allowed to follow the gradual development of every new technique in the field of rhinoplasty but also to understand the value of this surgery in those ancient times, highlighting a deep connection between traumatologic surgery of the nose and the development of modern “aesthetic and reconstructive” Rhinosurgery. Specifically, we analyzed the techniques described by less known surgeons to emphasize their cultural and surgical value. As a matter of fact, the descriptions offered by these authors clearly show the importance of rhinoplasty as a cardinal and autonomous practice since Antiquity, also clarifying the persistence and development of specific techniques for this surgical practice in the History of medicine. In the manuscript, the contributions of the Italian surgeons, such as Brancas and Vianeos families, are highlighted, demonstrating their influence on the progress of this surgical specialty in the Early Modern Age. Finally, we deepen the description of Gaspare Tagliacozzi’s work, pointing out the topics and controversial debates arising from his techniques and innovations in “rhinosurgery” and also in the field of tissue transplantation, laying the foundations of modern Plastic Surgery.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Impact of the observed SST frequency in the model initialization on the BSISO prediction
Authors: Zhu Xueyan , Liu Xiangwen , Huang Anning , Zhou Yang , Wu Yang , Fu Zhipeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impact of the observed sea surface temperature (SST) frequency in the model initialization on the prediction of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) over the Western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated using the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model. Three sets of hindcast experiments initialized by the observed monthly, weekly and daily SST data (referred to as the Exp_MSST, Exp_WSST and Exp_DSST, respectively) are conducted with 3-month integration starting from the 1st, 11th, and 21st day of each month in June–August during 2000–2014, respectively. The results show that the useful prediction skill of BSISO index reaches out to about 10 days in the Exp_MSST, and further increases by 1–2 days in the Exp_WSST and Exp_DSST. The skill differences among various hindcast experiments are especially apparent during the forecast time of 6–20 days. Focusing on the strong BSISO cases in this period, the BSISO activity and its related moist static energy (MSE) characteristics over the WNP are further diagnosed. It is found that from the Exp_MSST to the Exp_WSST and Exp_DSST, the enhanced BSISO prediction skill is associated with the more realistic variations of intraseasonal MSE and its tendency. Among the various budget terms that dominate the MSE tendency, the surface latent heat flux and MSE advection are evidently improved, with reduction of mean biases by more than 21% and 10%, respectively. Therefore, the better reproduced MSE variation may contribute to the more skillful BSISO forecast through improving the surface evaporation as well as atmospheric convergence and divergence that related to the BSISO activity. Our findings suggest the necessity of increasing the observed SST frequency (i.e., from monthly to weekly or daily) in the initialization process of coupled models to enhance the actual BSISO predictability, since some current subseasonal forecast operations and researches still use relatively low-frequency SST observations for the model initialization.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) suture vs fiberwire and polypropylene in flexor tendon repair
Authors: Polykandriotis Elias , Ruppe Florian , Niederkorn Miriam , Polykandriotis Ektor , Bräuer Lars , Horch Raymund E. , Arkudas Andreas , Gruener Jasmin S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In this study, we evaluate the value of novel suture material based on monofilamentous-extruded polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) compared to polypropylene (PPL) and Fiberwire (FW).

Materials and methods
60 flexor tendons were harvested from fresh cadaveric upper extremities. 4–0 sutures strands were used in the PPL, FW and PTFE group. Knotting properties and mechanical characteristics of the suture materials were evaluated. A 4-strand locked cruciate (Adelaide) or a 6-strand (M-Tang) suture technique was applied as core sutures for a tendon repair. Two-way ANOVA tests were performed with the Bonferroni correction.

Results
Stable knotting was achieved with 5 throws with the PPL material, 7 throws for FW and 9 throws for PTFE. In the PPL group, linear tensile strength was 45.92 ± 12.53 N, in the FW group 80.11 ± 18.34 N and in the PTFE group 76.16 ± 29.10 N. FW and PTFE are significantly stronger than PPL but show no significant difference among each other. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup comparisons for different repair techniques. The Adelaide and the M-Tang knotting technique showed no significant difference.

Conclusion
Fiberwire showed superior handling and knotting properties in comparison to PTFE. However, PTFE allows easier approximation of the stumps. In both, M-Tang and Adelaide repairs, PTFE was equal to FW in terms of repair strength. Both PTFE and FW provide for a robust tendon repair so that early active motion regimens for rehabilitation can be applied.
Prognostic value of ‘late’ electroencephalography recordings in patients with cardiopulmonal resuscitation after cardiac arrest
Authors: Doerrfuss Jakob I. , Kowski Alexander B. , Holtkamp Martin , Thinius Moritz , Leithner Christoph , Storm Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Electroencephalography (EEG) significantly contributes to the neuroprognostication after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Recent studies suggest that the prognostic value of EEG is highest for continuous recording within the first days after cardiac arrest. Early continuous EEG, however, is not available in all hospitals. In this observational study, we sought to evaluate the predictive value of a ‘late’ EEG recording 5–14 days after cardiac arrest without sedatives.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed EEG data in consecutive adult patients treated at the medical intensive care units (ICU) of the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Outcome was assessed as cerebral performance category (CPC) at discharge from ICU, with an unfavorable outcome being defined as CPC 4 and 5.

Results
In 187 patients, a ‘late’ EEG recording was performed. Of these patients, 127 were without continuous administration of sedative agents for at least 24 h before the EEG recording. In this patient group, a continuously suppressed background activity < 10 µV predicted an unfavorable outcome with a sensitivity of 31% (95% confidence interval (CI) 20–45) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI 91–100). In patients with suppressed background activity and generalized periodic discharges, sensitivity was 15% (95% CI 7–27) and specificity was 100% (95% CI 94–100). GPDs on unsuppressed background activity were associated with a sensitivity of 42% (95% CI 29–46) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI 82–97).

Conclusions
A ‘late’ EEG performed 5 to 14 days after resuscitation from cardiac arrest can aide in prognosticating functional outcome. A suppressed EEG background activity in this time period indicates poor outcome.
Surgeons preference for lumbar disk surgery: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Gadjradj Pravesh S. , Harhangi Biswadjiet S. , van Tulder Maurits W. , Peul Wilco C. , de Bekker-Grob Esther W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple surgical techniques are practiced to treat sciatica caused by lumbar disk herniation. It is unknown which factors surgeons find important when offering certain surgical techniques. The objective of this study is threefold: 1) determine the relative weight surgeons place on various characteristics of sciatica treatment, 2) determine the trade-offs surgeons make between these characteristics and 3) identify preference heterogeneity for sciatica treatment.

Methods
A discrete choice experiment was conducted among members of two international neurosurgical organizations. Surgeons were asked on their preferences for surgical techniques using specific scenarios based on five characteristics: effectiveness on leg pain, risk of recurrent disk herniation, duration of postoperative back pain, risk of complications and recovery period.

Results
Six-hundred and forty-one questionnaires were filled in, the majority by neurosurgeons. All characteristics significantly influenced the preferences of the respondents. Overall, the risk of complications was the most important characteristic in the decision to opt-in or opt-out for surgery (35.7%). Risk of recurrent disk herniation (19.6%), effectiveness on leg pain (18.8%), postoperative back pain duration (13.5%) and length of recovery period (12.4%) followed. Four latent classes were identified, which was partly explained by the tenure of the surgeon. Surgeons were willing to trade-off 57.8% of effectiveness on leg pain to offer a treatment that has a 1% complication risk instead of 10%.

Conclusion
In the context of this discrete choice experiment, it is shown that neurosurgeons consider the risk of complications as most important when a surgical technique is offered to treat sciatica, while the risk of recurrent disk herniation and effectiveness are also important factors. Neurosurgeons were prepared to trade off substantial amounts of effectiveness to achieve lower complication rates.