bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os vazios urbanos e o direito à cidade: desafios da implementação do IPTU progressivo em Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ.
Authors: Gonçalves Bianca Siqueira 
Published: July 2021

Tendo como cenário a cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, este estudo apura a importânciado IPTU progressivo enquanto instrumento de democratização do Direito à Cidade, amenizandoas disparidades socioespaciais e a especulação imobiliária. É um desdobramento da issertação,que analisou o processo de formação do espaço urbano da cidade desde 1536 até 2016. Foramexaminados os fatores que favorecem e permitem a existência de vazios urbanos no perímetro da cidade, em regiões valorizadas e munidas de equipamentos urbanos coletivos, e naquelas a serem valorizadas pela ação pública e/ou privada. Evidenciou-se a atuação do capital na configuração do ambiente construído. Buscou-se reforçar as potencialidades da implementação do IPTU progressivo como meio de reintegrar os vazios urbanos existentes e possibilitar a apropriação coletiva do espaço. Concluiu-se que a não aplicação do IPTU progressivo demonstra a complexidade dos interesses em jogo.
Relação entre renda petrolífera e melhoria na qualidade de vida por municípios confrontantes da Bacia de Campos
Authors: Meireles Acruche Roberto , De Oliveira Matias Ítalo , Erthal Jr. Milton , Freitas da Silva Fabio , Shimoya Aldo 
Published: July 2021

Partindo do princípio de que quanto mais um município recebe recursos oriundos da renda petrolífera, mais satisfatório deveria ser o progresso dos indicadores socioeconômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ranquear nove municípios fluminenses pertencentes à Bacia de Campos em função do Índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal, e posteriormente realizar uma comparação da classificação dos municípios vis a vis as rendas petrolíferas recebidas. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho envolveu a aplicação do método de auxílio multicritério àdecisão ELECTRE III para obter uma ordenação dos municípios. Entre os principais resultados, pode-se destacar que maiores níveis de royalties per capita não estão associados a melhores condições de desenvolvimento humano, apesar de se esperar o contrário. Além disso, percebeu-se uma dependência financeira dos municípios em relação a transferência e royalties acima de 70%, exceto, a cidade de Macaé por concentrar a atividade petrolífera na região. A abundância de recursos naturais levou tanto a um afrouxamento fiscal quanto a negligencia de políticaspúblicas que estimulassem o desenvolvimento local.
Cassegrain antenna for a laser diode source using an E-A system to improve the transmission efficiency
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Yang Huajun , Jiang Ping , Zhou Miaofang , Caiyang Weinan , Qin Yan , Cao Biao 
Published: July 2021

To solve the serious loss problem for central energy of the Cassegrain antenna, this paper designs a beam-shaping system, named E-A system, to convert the elliptical divergent beam with astigmatism from a laser diode into an annular collimation beam. This E-A system, comprised only of lenses with quadratic surfaces, can simultaneously realize four functions, i.e., aberration correction, beam circularization, beam collimation, and dark hollow beam generation. By adjusting the parameters, the E-A system can be used to shape elliptical astigmatic beams with different parameters. Further, the E-A system can maintain good performance at wavelengths from 500 to 1647 nm. After considering various practical factors, the transmission efficiency of the entire transmitting system can be increased to 93.91% at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Dual-wavelength excitation combined Raman spectroscopy for detection of highly fluorescent samples
Authors: Ye Jianfeng , Li Jiarui , Lu Minjian , Qi Xiaohua , Li Boyi , Wei Haoyun , Li Yan , Zou Mingqiang 
Published: July 2021

As fluorescence is the major limitation in Raman scattering, near-infrared excitation wavelength (

>

780

n
m

) is preferred for fluorescence suppression in Raman spectroscopy. To reduce the risk of fluorescence interference, we developed a dual-wavelength excitation combined Raman spectroscopy (DWECRS) system at 785 and 830 nm. By a common optical path, each laser beam was focused on the same region of the sample by a single objective lens, and the dual-wavelength excitation Raman spectra were detected by a single CCD detector; in addition, 785 and 830 nm excitation Raman spectra can be directly constructed as combined Raman spectrum in the DWECRS system. The results of pure peanut oil and glycerol indicate that the combined Raman spectrum cannot only reduce fluorescence interference but also keep a high signal-to-noise ratio in the high-wavenumber region. The results of dye-ethanol solutions with different concentrations show that the handheld DWECRS system can be used as a smart method to dodge strong fluorescence. Furthermore, we developed a peak intensity ratio method with the DWECRS system to distinguish different types of edible oils. The peak intensity ratio distribution chart of edible oils showed each oil normalized center was relatively independent and nonoverlapped, which can be used as the basis of edible oil classification analysis. In the future, the DWECRS system has potential to be used as a tool for more complex applications.
Evidence of disorientation towards immunization on online social media after contrasting political communication on vaccines. Results from an analysis of Twitter data in Italy
Authors: Ajovalasit Samantha , Dorgali Veronica Maria , Mazza Angelo , d’Onofrio Alberto , Manfredi Piero 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn Italy, in recent years, vaccination coverage for key immunizations as MMR has been declining to worryingly low levels, with large measles outbreaks. As a response in 2017, the Italian government expanded the number of mandatory immunizations introducing penalties to unvaccinated children’s families. During the 2018 general elections campaign, immunization policy entered the political debate with the government in-charge blaming oppositions for fuelling vaccine scepticism. A new government (formerly in the opposition) established in 2018 temporarily relaxed penalties and announced the introduction of forms of flexibility.Objectives and methodsFirst, we supplied a definition of disorientation, as the “lack of well-established and resilient opinions among individuals, therefore causing them to change their positions as a consequence of sufficient external perturbations”. Second, procedures for testing for the presence of both short and longer-term collective disorientation in Twitter signals were proposed. Third, a sentiment analysis on tweets posted in Italian during 2018 on immunization topics, and related polarity evaluations, were used to investigate whether the contrasting announcements at the highest political level might have originated disorientation amongst the Italian public.ResultsVaccine-relevant tweeters’ interactions peaked in response to main political events. Out of retained tweets, 70.0% resulted favourable to vaccination, 16.4% unfavourable, and 13.6% undecided, respectively. The smoothed time series of polarity proportions exhibit frequent large changes in the favourable proportion, superimposed to a clear up-and-down trend synchronized with the switch between governments in Spring 2018, suggesting evidence of disorientation among the public.ConclusionsThe reported evidence of disorientation for opinions expressed in online social media shows that critical health topics, such as vaccination, should never be used to achieve political consensus. This is worsened by the lack of a strong Italian institutional presence on Twitter, calling for efforts to contrast misinformation and the ensuing spread of hesitancy. It remains to be seen how this disorientation will impact future parents’ vaccination decisions.
Regional variation in COVID-19 positive hospitalisation across Scotland during the first wave of the pandemic and its relation to population density: A cross-sectional observation study
Authors: Rideout Andrew , Murray Calum , Isles Chris 
Published: July 2021

Background
There have been large regional differences in COVID-19 virus activity across the UK with many commentators suggesting that these are related to age, ethnicity and social class. There has also been a focus on cases, hospitalisations and deaths rather than on hospitalisation rates expressed per 100,000 population. The purpose of our study was to examine regional variation in COVID-19 positive hospitalisation rates in Scotland during the first wave of the pandemic and the possibility that these might be related to population density.

Methods and findings
This was a repeated point prevalence study. The number of COVID-19 positive patients hospitalised in the eleven Scottish mainland health boards peaked at 1517 on 19th April, then fell to a low of 243 on 16th August before rising slightly to 262 on 15th September. In July, August and September only four boards had more than 5 hospitalised patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between hospitalisation rates and population density on 97.7% of individual days during the first wave of the pandemic (Pearson’s r 0.62–0.93, with 123 of a possible 174 days having p values <0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses performed on data from the 11 mainland boards across six time points suggest that population density accounted for 70.2% of the variation in hospitalisation rate in April, 72.3% in May, 81.2% in June, 91.0% in July, 91.0% in August, and 88.1% in September. Neither population median age nor median social deprivation score at health board level were statistically significant in the final model for hospitalisation.

Conclusion
There were large differences in crude COVID-19 hospitalisation rates across the 11 mainland Scottish health boards, that were significantly related to population density. Given that lockdown was originally introduced to prevent the NHS from being overwhelmed, we believe our results support a regional rather than a national approach to lifting or reimposing more restrictive measures, and that hospitalisation rates should be part of the decision making process.
The effect of mobile text messages on knowledge and perception towards cancer and behavioral risks among college students, Northeast Ethiopia: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Hussien Foziya Mohammed , Hassen Anissa Mohammed , Asfaw Zinet Abegaz , Ahmed Aragaw Yimer , Hassen Hamid Yimam 
Published: July 2021

Background
Cancer is an emerging public health problem in Ethiopia. A significant proportion of premature cancer deaths are preventable. The socioeconomic impact of cancer can be considerably reduced provided that effective interventions are put in place to control risk factors. Text-messaging has been currently targeted as a simple and efficient tool for providing people with health information.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile text messages in improving knowledge and perception on cancer and behavioral risks among college students.

Methods
Design: a single-blind, 2-arm randomized controlled trial will be used. Setting: the study will be conducted among public colleges in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Study population: students who are studying in all public colleges. Intervention: a text message related to cancer risk factors once a day for two months. Control groups will receive general health messages daily for two months. Data: Socioeconomic characteristics, health belief variables, and behavioral risk factors of cancer will be collected before and after the intervention. Text messages will be provided based on the health belief model (HBM). Primary outcomes: cancer risk knowledge score and risk perception will be measured at baseline and 6 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes: a change in mean healthy diet score, physical activity level, alcohol intake, and tobacco use will be measured at baseline-, 3, and 6 months post-randomization. Analysis: We will compute descriptive statistics for each outcome pre and post-intervention. To test the change in knowledge and perception, paired t-test will be used. Analysis of Covariance will be used to test over group comparison.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (https://register.clinicaltrials.gov) NCT04269018.
Anxiety and depression among people living in quarantine centers during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed method study from western Nepal
Authors: B. C. Udaya Bahadur , Pokharel Sunil , Munikar Sabika , Wagle Chetan Nidhi , Adhikary Pratik , Shahi Brish Bahadur , Thapa Chandra , Bhandari Ram Prasad , Adhikari Bipin , Thapa Kanchan 
Published: July 2021

Background
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, incoming travelers were quarantined at specific centers in Nepal and major checkpoints in Nepal-India border. Nepal adopted a generic public health approaches to control and quarantine returnee migrants, with little attention towards the quality of quarantine facilities and its aftermath, such as the poor mental health of the returnee migrants. The main objective of this study was to explore the status of anxiety and depression, and factors affecting them among returnee migrants living in institutional quarantine centers of western Nepal.

Methods
A mixed method approach in this study included a quantitative survey and in-depth interviews (IDIs) among respondents in quarantine centers of Karnali province between 21st April and 15th May 2020. Survey questionnaire utilized Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tools, which were administered among 441 quarantined returnee migrants. IDIs were conducted among 12 participants which included a mix of six quarantined migrants and healthcare workers each from the quarantine centres. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted on quantitative data; and thematic analysis was utilized for qualitative data.

Results
Mild depression (9.1%; 40/441) and anxiety (16.1%; 71/441) was common among respondents followed by moderate depression and anxiety {depression (3.4%; 15/441), anxiety (4.1%; 18/441)} and severe depression and anxiety {depression (1.1%; 5/441), anxiety (0.7%; 3/441)}. Anxiety and depression were independent of their socio-demographic characteristics. Perceived fear of contracting COVID-19, severity and death were prominent among the respondents. Respondents experienced stigma and discrimination in addition to being at the risk of disease and possible loss of employment and financial responsibilities. In addition, poor (quality and access to) health services, and poor living condition at the quarantine centres adversely affected respondents’ mental health.

Conclusion
Depression and anxiety were high among quarantined population and warrants more research. Institutional quarantine centers of Karnali province of Nepal were in poor conditions which adversely impacted mental health of the respondents. Poor resource allocation for health, hygiene and living conditions can be counterproductive to the population quarantined.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging features of a canine glioblastoma model
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Choi Seung Hong , Cho Hye Rim , Koh Jaemoon , Park Chul-Kee , Ichikawa Tomotsugu 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo assess glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) formation with similar imaging characteristics to human GBM using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an orthotopic xenograft canine GBM model.Materials and methodsThe canine GBM cell line J3T1 was subcutaneously injected into 6-week-old female BALB/c nude mice to obtain tumour fragments. Tumour fragments were implanted into adult male mongrel dog brains through surgery. Multiparametric MRI was performed with conventional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion-weighted imaging at one week and two weeks after surgery in a total of 15 surgical success cases. The presence of tumour cells, the necrotic area fraction, and the microvessel density (MVD) of the tumour on the histologic specimen were assessed. Tumour volume, diffusion, and perfusion parameters were compared at each time point using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and the differences between tumour and normal parenchyma were compared using unpaired t-tests. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the imaging and histologic parameters.ResultsAll animals showed a peripheral enhancing lesion on MRI and confirmed the presence of a tumour through histologic analysis (92.3%). The normalized perfusion values did not show significant decreases through at least 2 weeks after the surgery (P> 0.05). There was greater cerebral blood volume and flow in the GBM than in the normal-appearing white matter (1.46 ± 0.25 vs. 1.13 ± 0.16 and 1.30 ± 0.22 vs. 1.02 ± 0.14;P< 0.001 andP< 0.001, respectively). The MVD in the histologic specimens was correlated with the cerebral blood volume in the GBM tissue (r = 0.850,P= 0.004).ConclusionOur results suggest that the canine GBM model showed perfusion imaging characteristics similar to those of humans, and it might have potential as a model to assess novel technical developments for GBM treatment.
Curing or causing? HIV/AIDS in health care system of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Ahmed , Shaikh Babar Tasneem , Ghazanfar Haider 
Published: July 2021

Background
Pakistan’s National AIDS Control Program has registered 44,000 HIV/AIDS patients to date, but the actual number of cases have been estimated to be as high as 150,000–170,000. The health care system has a very important role to play in this equation and must be reformed to improve the health care services in Pakistan, with regards to HIV/AIDS.

Methods
It was a qualitative research employing a phenomenological approach. The principal researcher visited nine public and private health care facilities and conducted 19 key informant interviews with people working for providing preventive and curative services, in addition to the observations made on the site.

Results
Pakistan’s health system has a limited capacity to address the HIV spread in the country, with its current resources. There is an obvious scarcity of resources at the preventive, diagnostic and curative level. However, menace can be curtailed through measures taken at the service delivery level by checking the unsafe needles practices, unclean surgical procedures and an unregulated and untrained private health workforce which are dangerous potentials routes of transmission of the virus to the general population. Healthcare establishments carry the chances of nosocomial infections including HIV/AIDS. Poverty, illiteracy and stigma associated with the disease is compounding the overall situation.

Conclusion
Improved accessibility to service delivery with a greater focus on prevention would be imperative to address the threat of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan. A health systems approach would help in identifying gaps at both strategic and operational levels, and concurrently find and implement solutions.
La contribución de las nuevas tecnologías a la educación plurilingüe de los futuros docentes en comunidades con lengua minoritaria
Authors: Ipiña Nagore , Sagasta Pilar 
Published: July 2021

La educación plurilingüe y digital de los futuros educadores se presenta como un reto para las instituciones. La movilidad entre los pueblos y el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Comunicación e Información han creado nuevas necesidades educativas que será necesario abordar. En el caso de las comunidades bilingües con presencia de una lengua minoritaria el desafío es aún mayor, ya que se trata de fomentar un plurilingüismo aditivo, lo cual requiere una buena planificación. Y este es el trabajo que estamos desarrollando en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Mondragón. Estamos experimentado un plan de educación plurilingüe y digital en los grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria.
La generación net se tambalea: percepción del dominio de las TIC de estudiantes de magisterio
Authors: Romero Carbonell Marc , Minelli De Oliveira Janaina 
Published: July 2021

Distintos autores aseguran que los alumnos universitarios nacidos después de 1982 muestran unas características diferentes a las generaciones anteriores. Se suele suponer que dichos alumnos, denominados la “Generación Net”, se muestran más predispuestos a dominar las tecnologías y las integran en todos los aspectos de sus vidas, pero ¿Podemos observar dicha predisposición en nuestros alumnos? El objetivo de este artículo consiste en descubrir si existe alguna diferencia significativa en la percepción de las competencias relacionadas al dominio de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) entre alumnos de magisterio nacidos antes de los años 80 y aquellos alumnos que nacieron después de esta fecha. Para llevar a cabo dicho estudio se empleó un estudio de correlación entre la edad de un grupo de alumnos de magisterio y su percepción acerca del dominio de diferentes herramientas TIC. Los datos del estudio se recogieron a través de cuestionarios validados por expertos. El análisis de los datos no muestra una relación significativa entre la mayoría de variables analizadas. No obstante, indica una percepción del uso hábil de las herramientas de edición de vídeo y redes sociales por parte de los participantes más jóvenes. Se argumenta que la educación contemporánea, con demasiada frecuencia basada en las formas de aprendizaje verbales por escrito, necesita reorientar su enfoque con el fin de motivar a las generaciones más jóvenes.
Creación de un blog educativo como herramienta TIC e instrumento TAC en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Ruiz Franco Mónica , Abella García Víctor 
Published: July 2021

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) ha posibilitado en gran medida la incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en las aulas universitarias. Sin embargo, el tema que actualmente está siendo debatido es si realmente las TIC pueden llegar a considerarse como un instrumento tecnológico y educativo que permita el aprendizaje del conocimiento (TAC). La experiencia que recoge este estudio se centra en la creación de un blog educativo en la asignatura de “TIC aplicadas a la Educación” en 1º de Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria en la Universidad de Burgos durante el curso 2010/2011. El trabajo realizado a partir del blog ha contribuido al aprendizaje co-constructivista no sólo de las TIC y a través de las TIC, sino también como una aplicación didáctica, en este caso de colaboración y trabajo cognitivo. Y a su vez, dentro del currículum oculto ha pretendido la concienciación, sensibilización y aproximación a la atención a la diversidad, como tema transversal y eje principal de contenidos.
Primeros resultados de la aplicación y evaluación de un programa de educación parental: “Construir locotidiano”
Authors: Torío López Susana , Peña Calvo José Vicente , Hernández García Jesús 
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados obtenidos en la aplicación y evaluación de un programa de educación parental, “Construir lo cotidiano”, puesto en marcha durante el presente curso académico en cuatro centros educativos en los niveles de Educación Infantil y Primaria del Principado de Asturias. En el estudio participan 34 madres y padres (16 parejas de familias nucleares y dos familias monoparentales). La implementación del programa no ha estado exenta de dificultades, en especial, la captación de familias ante el requisito de la presencia voluntaria de ambos miembros de la pareja. Los resultados de la evaluación ponen de manifiesto efectos positivos de la intervención en las familias participantes, observándose cambios a corto plazo tanto en las actitudes, preferencias y creencias que la familia posee sobre los roles sexuales, como en el comportamiento respecto al reparto del trabajo doméstico (tareas del hogar, cuidado de los hijos e hijas y trabajo emocional) que han permitido el buen funcionamiento familiar, a la vez que se ha potenciado la colaboración familiar enseñando a niños y niñas a participar en dichas responsabilidades. Se presentarán y discutirán datos de la parte del postest relativa al grado de satisfacción y utilidad del programa.