bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a convex pedicle screw technique with low implant density
Authors: Ferlic Peter W. , Hauser Laurenz , Götzen Michael , Lindtner Richard Andreas , Fischler Stefan , Krismer Martin 
Published: February 2021

Aims The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the correction achieved using a convex pedicle screw technique and a low implant density achieved using periapical concave-sided screws and a high implant density. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in outcome between the two techniques. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a series of 51 patients with a thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There were 26 patients in the convex pedicle screw group who had screws implanted periapically (Group 2) and a control group of 25 patients with bilateral pedicle screws (Group 1). The patients’ charts were reviewed and pre- and postoperative radiographs evaluated. Postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were recorded. Results The number of implants (14.5 vs 17.1) and the implant density (1.5 vs 1.9) were significantly lower in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Operating time was 27 minutes shorter in Group 2 than in Group 1, with a mean of 217 minutes (SD 50.5; 120 to 346). The duration of surgery per instrumented vertebra was reduced by 19% in Group 2 (p = 0.011). No statistical difference was found in the postoperative Cobb angle, vertebral rotation, the relative correction achieved, or postoperative PROMs. Conclusion Despite a lower implant density and achieving correction through a convex rod, surgical correction of the Cobb angle and vertebral body rotation was similar in both groups. Periapical pedicle screws and primary correction on the concave side do not seem to be mandatory in order to achieve good surgical results in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. The operating time was shorter in the group with lower implant density. In conclusion, the technique provided good results and has the potential to reduce complications and costs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):536–541.
Osteoarticular infection in children
Authors: Coulin Benoit , Demarco Giacomo , Spyropoulou Vanessa , Juchler Celine , Vendeuvre Tanguy , Habre Céline , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Dayer Romain , Steiger Christina , Ceroni Dimitri 
Published: February 2021

AimsWe aimed to describe the epidemiological, biological, and bacteriological characteristics of osteoarticular infections (OAIs) caused by Kingella kingae.MethodsThe medical charts of all children presenting with OAIs to our institution over a 13-year period (January 2007 to December 2019) were reviewed. Among these patients, we extracted those which presented an OAI caused by K. kingae and their epidemiological data, biological results, and bacteriological aetiologies were assessed.ResultsK. kingae was the main reported microorganism in our paediatric population, being responsible for 48.7% of OAIs confirmed bacteriologically. K. kingae affects primarily children aged between six months and 48 months. The highest prevalence of OAI caused by K. kingae was between seven months and 24 months old. After the patients were 27 months old, its incidence decreased significantly. The incidence though of infection throughout the year showed no significant differences. Three-quarters of patients with an OAI caused by K. kingae were afebrile at hospital admission, 11% had elevated WBCs, and 61.2% had abnormal CRPs, whereas the ESR was increased in 75%, constituting the most significant predictor of an OAI. On MRI, we noted 53% of arthritis affecting mostly the knee and 31% of osteomyelitis located primarily in the foot.ConclusionK. kingae should be recognized currently as the primary pathogen causing OAI in children younger than 48 months old. Diagnosis of an OAI caused by K. kingae is not always obvious, since this infection may occur with a mild-to-moderate clinical and biological inflammatory response. Extensive use of nucleic acid amplification assays improved the detection of fastidious pathogens and has increased the observed incidence of OAI, especially in children aged between six months and 48 months. We propose the incorporation of polymerase chain reaction assays into modern diagnostic algorithms for OAIs to better identify the bacteriological aetiology of OAIs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):578–583.
The efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia
Authors: Milosevic Stefan , Andersen Gustav Ø. , Jensen Mads M. , Rasmussen Mikkel M. , Carreon Leah , Andersen Mikkel Ø. , Simony Ane 
Published: February 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability.MethodsThe Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, was used to identify 134 consecutive patients who underwent surgery, performed by a single surgeon between 2011 and 2019. Routine demographic data, surgical variables, and patient-reported outcomes, including a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 to 100) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and the Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were collected at baseline and one-year postoperatively.ResultsA total of 112 (84%) patients with a minimum follow-up of one year had data available for analysis. Their mean age was 41.9 years, and 15 (13%) were males. At 12 months postoperatively, there were statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) from baseline for the mean VAS for pain (70.99 to 35.34), EQ-5D (0.52 to 0.75), ODI (31.84 to 18.00), and SF-36 PCS (38.17 to 44.74). A total of 78 patients (70%) were satisfied with the outcome of treatment.ConclusionPatients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability resistant to nonoperative treatment may benefit from coccygectomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):542–546.
Is tranexamic acid use in patients with a hip fracture safe?
Authors: Viberg Bjarke , Gundtoft Per Hviid , Schønnemann Jesper Ougaard , Pedersen Lasse , Andersen Lis Røhl , Titlestad Kjell , Madsen Carsten Fladmose , Clemmensen Signe Bedsted , Halekoh Ulrich , Lauritsen Jens , Overgaard Søren 
Published: February 2021

Aims To assess the safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in a large cohort of patients aged over 65 years who have sustained a hip fracture, with a focus on transfusion rates, mortality, and thromboembolic events. Methods This is a consecutive cohort study with prospectively collected registry data. Patients with a hip fracture in the Region of Southern Denmark were included over a two-year time period (2015 to 2017) with the first year constituting a control group. In the second year, perioperative TXA was introduced as an intervention. Outcome was transfusion frequency, 30-day and 90-day mortality, and thromboembolic events. The latter was defined as any diagnosis or death due to arterial or venous thrombosis. The results are presented as relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 3,097 patients were included: 1,558 in the control group and 1,539 in the TXA group.31% (n = 477) of patients had transfusions in the control group compared to 27% (n = 405) in the TXA group yielding an adjusted RR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.91). TXA was not associated with increased 30-day mortality with an adjusted HR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.39) compared to the control group as well as no association with increased risk of 90-day mortality with a per protocol adjusted HR of 1.24 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.66). TXA was associated with a lower risk of thromboembolic events after 30 days (RR 0.63 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.93)) and 90 days (RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.99)). A subanalysis on haemoglobin demonstrated a median 17.7 g/L (interquartile range (IQR) 11.3 to 27.3) decrease in the control group compared to 17.7 g/L (IQR 9.7 to 25.8) in the per protocol TXA group (p = 0.060 on group level difference). Conclusion TXA use in patients with a hip fracture, was not associated with an increased risk of mortality but was associated with lower transfusion rate and reduced thromboembolic events. Thus, we conclude that it is safe to use TXA in this patient group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):449–455.
Mid-term outcome of bilateral fragility fractures of the sacrum after bisegmental transsacral stabilization versus spinopelvic fixation
Authors: Mendel Thomas , Schenk Philipp , Ullrich Bernhard Wilhelm , Hofmann Gunther Olaf , Goehre Felix , Schwan Stefan , Klauke Friederike 
Published: February 2021

Aims Minimally invasive fixation of pelvic fragility fractures is recommended to reduce pain and allow early mobilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of two different stabilization techniques in bilateral fragility fractures of the sacrum (BFFS). Methods A non-randomized, prospective study was carried out in a level 1 trauma centre. BFFS in 61 patients (mean age 80 years (SD 10); four male, 57 female) were treated surgically with bisegmental transsacral stablization (BTS; n = 41) versus spinopelvic fixation (SP; n = 20). Postoperative full weightbearing was allowed. The outcome was evaluated at two timepoints: discharge from inpatient treatment (TP1; Fitbit tracking, Zebris stance analysis), and ≥ six months (TP2; Fitbit tracking, Zebris analysis, based on modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Majeed Score (MS), and the 12-Item Short Form Survey 12 (SF-12). Fracture healing was assessed by CT. The primary outcome parameter of functional recovery was the per-day step count; the secondary parameter was the subjective outcome assessed by questionnaires. Results Overall, no baseline differences were observed between the BTS and SP cohorts. In total, 58 (BTS = 19; SP = 39) and 37 patients (BTS = 14; SP = 23) could be recruited at TP1 and TP2, respectively. Mean steps per day at TP1 were median 308 (248 to 434) in the BTS group and 254 (196 to 446) in the SP group. At TP2, median steps per day were 3,759 (2,551 to 3,926) in the BTS group and 3,191 (2,872 to 3,679) in the SP group, each with no significant difference. A significant improvement was observed in each group (p < 0.001) between timepoints. BTS patients obtained better results than SP patients in ODI (p < 0.030), MS (p = 0.007), and SF-12 physical status (p = 0.006). In all cases, CT showed sufficient fracture healing of the posterior ring. Conclusion Both groups showed significant outcome improvement and sufficient fracture healing. Both techniques can be recommended for BFFS, although BTS was superior with respect to subjective outcome. Step-count tracking represents a reliable method to evaluate the mobility level. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):462–468.
Prisons en Afrique. Manifestation spatiale du pouvoir et ordre négocié
Authors: Morelle Marie , Mavrot Céline 
Published: February 2021

Émulations reçoit Marie Morelle, spécialiste du phénomène carcéral au Cameroun et à Madagascar. Cet entretien est l’occasion d’aborder des questions de régulation politique des inégalités sociales et de circula-tion internationale des modèles punitifs, mais aussi d’interdisciplinarité et de décentrement du regard Nord-Sud dans la production des analyses scientifiques.
Marie Morelle est maitresse de conférences, HDR en Géographie, à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne (UMR Prodig). Elle est actuellement détachée à l’IRD au Cameroun et en accueil à la Fondation Paul Ango Ela. Ses travaux articulent géographie politique et géographie urbaine à partir d’entrées empiriques telles que la prison et la police, l’informalité économique et politique en Europe (France) et en Afrique (Cameroun). Elle est l’autrice notamment de La rue des enfants, les enfants des rues (CNRS Editions, 2007), Yaoundé carcérale, Géographie d’une ville et de sa prison (ENS éditions, 2019). Elle a dirigé avec Frédéric Le Marcis et Julia Hornberger l’ouvrage collectif Confinement, Punishment and Prisons in Africa (Routledge, sous presse), issu du programme « Économie de la peine et de la prison en Afrique » (ANR, 2015-2019).
Reziproke Wertschätzung im Dienstleistungshandeln - eine begriffliche Erweiterung zur Anerkennungstheorie / Reciprocal appreciation within service work - a conceptual extension of the theory of recognition
Authors: Goesmann Christina , Fischer Ute 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wertschätzung in Dienstleistungsinteraktionen wird in arbeitssoziologischen Diskussionen vor allem als einseitig gerichteter Prozess verstanden, in welchem dem Dienstleister aufgrund seiner Arbeitsleistung Anerkennung zuteilwird. Analysen von Interviews mit Beschäftigten aus den Branchen Pflege, Einzelhandel und Friseurhandwerk legen jedoch eine reziproke Wertschätzungsstruktur offen. Anhand von Fallbeispielen wird verdeutlicht, welche Bedeutung die Professionalität der Beschäftigten für die Etablierung einer wertschätzungsbasierten Dienstleistungsbeziehung hat. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass die dienstleisterseitige Wertschätzung für den Kunden einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Einfluss auf das Gelingen der Interaktion und die Qualität der Dienstleistung nimmt.
An agent-based architecture for production scheduling in dynamic job-shop manufacturing system
Authors: Shukla Om Ji , Soni Gunjan , Kumar Rajesh , A Sujil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In a highly competitive environment, effective production is one of the key issues which can be addressed by efficient production planning and scheduling in the manufacturing system. This paper develops an agent-based architecture which enables integration of production planning and scheduling. In addition, this architecture will facilitate real time production scheduling as well as provide a multi-agent system (MAS) platform on which multiple agents will interact to each other. A case study of job-shop manufacturing system (JMS) has been considered in this paper for implementing the concept of MAS. The modeling of JMS has been created in SimEvents which integrates an agent-based architecture developed by Stateflow to transform into dynamic JMS. Finally, the agent-based architecture is evaluated using utilization of each machine in the shop floor with respect to time.
A Computational Model for Color Perception
Authors: Ebner Marc 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Color is not a physical quantity of an object. It cannot be measured. We can only measure reflectance, i.e. the amount of light reflected for each wavelength. Nevertheless, we attach colors to the objects around us. A human observer perceives colors as being approximately constant irrespective of the illuminant which is used to illuminate the scene. Colors are a very important cue in everyday life. They can be used to recognize or distinguish different objects. Currently, we do not yet know how the brain arrives at a color constant or approximately color constant descriptor, i.e. what computational processing is actually performed by the brain. What we need is a computational description of color perception in particular and color vision in general. Only if we are able to write down a full computational theory of the visual system then we have understood how the visual system works. With this contribution, a computational model of color perception is presented. This model is much simpler compared to previous theories. It is able to compute a color constant descriptor even in the presence of spatially varying illuminants. According to this model, the cones respond approximately logarithmic to the irradiance entering the eye. Cells in V1 perform a change of the coordinate system such that colors are represented along a red-green, a blue-yellow and a black-white axis. Cells in V4 compute local space average color using a resistive grid. The resistive grid is formed by cells in V4. The left and right hemispheres are connected via the corpus callosum. A color constant descriptor which is presumably used for color based object recognition is computed by subtracting local space average color from the cone response within a rotated coordinate system.
Using Social Media to Promote Intercultural Communication Between Chinese and American University Students
Authors: Zhou Yingli , Sun Jin’ai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a five-year computer-mediated intercultural exchange project between Chinese and American university students that explores the use of various social media tools with WeChat application as the main medium in collaborative intercultural assignments. The study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches by using questionnaires and action research, to investigate how Chinese EFL and American CFL learners increase their intercultural communication competence by assessing their knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and skills of discovery and awareness. The findings reveal their changes and progress in the following variables: knowledge about the variety and subtlety of both the home and target cultures, a different worldview, and cultural study methods; awareness of the importance of differences and similarities between the home and target cultures, their negative reactions to these differences (e.g., fear, ridicule, disgust, feeling of superiority, etc.) and therefore, critical evaluation of the target and home cultures; attitudes from excitement or blind admiration of the target culture to confusion, anxiety or frustration about the cultural differences, later to toleration and appreciation of cultural differences, adaptation to the target culture, and eventually to openness and readiness to suspend disbelief about other cultures and belief about one’s own; skills to contrast the target culture with their own, to demonstrate a capacity to interact appropriately in a variety of different social situations in the target culture and resolve cross-cultural conflicts and misunderstandings. This research will serve as a valuable reference for computer-mediated intercultural communication teaching and open up new possibilities to extend classroom teaching by bridging the gap between second-hand knowledge and hands-on experience.
A Study of Three Variants of Gerund Construction from the Contrastive Perspective of Social and Natural Academic Abstracts on Construction Grammar Theory
Authors: Jin Yan , Yang Mingtuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnglish gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including “Gerund + ø”, “Gerund + of + NP”, and “Gerund + NP”. The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.
Iconicity, Otherness and Translation
Authors: Petrilli Susan , Ponzio Augusto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The relation between the “original” text and its “translation” into another language is analyzed in terms of “similarity” and “difference”. What may be understood by “similarity” and “difference” is also explored. With respect to the original, in fact, a translation can be described as the “same/other”. Our theoretical framework is Peirce’s general sign theory with special reference to his renowned triad icon, symbol and index. Translation is also viewed in terms of the relation between representation and figuration, therefore between the direct and the indirect word. Ultimately, the word in translation is likened to the literary word.
La dialectologie perceptuelle: problèmes et perspectives
Authors: Falkert Anika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dialect variation is perceived and encoded in everyday language situations. Studies in the field of folk linguistic enquiry which has come to be known as perceptual dialectology, pioneered in the 1980s by scholars such as Dennis Preston, showed that beliefs nonlinguists have about language variation can play a critical role in language maintenance and change. This paper is an attempt to rethink the issue of accent identification from the perspective of perceptual dialectology by discussing the methodological hurdles to overcome when assessing folk perception of dialects. Illustration comes from two recent studies tackling the perception of geolinguistics variation in Eastern Canada. A comparison of the most common data collection techniques such as mental mapping, dialect identification tests requiring informants to listen to voices of different degrees of dialect markedness and dialect questionnaires raises several issues that call for a diversification of research design including indirect attitude measurements, especially affective priming.
International Master’s Degree Students’ Well-being at a Finnish University During COVID-19
Authors: Pappa Sotiria , Yada Takumi , Perälä-Littunen Satu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rapid developments and consequences of the COVID-19 crisis for university students’ well-being are presently being studied across the world. This study contributes to the growing discourse on university students’ well-being by exploring changes in international Master’s degree students’ well-being in relation to the move to online teaching and learning at a Finnish university during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study draws on 37 answers to an open-ended question about remote teaching and learning at the end of a survey on university students’ stress. The text data were analysed conducting a preliminary quantitative content analysis and a more detailed thematic analysis, from which two themes were developed. The first theme concerned respondents’ well-being with regard to their friends and family, including the desire for human connection, ways of coping and health concerns. The second theme concerned respondents’ well-being with regard to their studies, including the importance of social life on campus, affected concentration and motivation, degree-related complications, and online teaching and supervision. The findings suggest that sociocultural well-being may extend beyond acculturation and that decreased psychological well-being has repercussions for international students’ studies. The study concludes with a discussion of the study’s limitations and practical implications.