DAYA TUMBUH TANAMAN PIONIR PADA AREA BEKAS TAMBANG TIMAH DI KECAMATAN BAKAM, PROVINSI BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Syachroni Sasua Hustati , Rosianty Yuli , Samsuri Guntur Sanjaya 
Published: August 2021

Tanaman Pionir merupakan pendatang baru pada tahapan awal suksesi dengan sifat-sifat khusus pada spesies tertentu dengan maksud mengembangkan keberadaan jenis yang lebih mantap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis tanaman pionir yang berpotensi tumbuh di areal Bekas Pertambangan Timah Bangka Kecamatan Bakam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Bakam dan di Balai Riset Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2017 sampai dengan 19 November 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Eksperimen dengan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 27 bibit untuk tiga jenis tanaman pionir yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan sembilan ulangan, perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah 3 jenis tanaman pionir yaitu karet (Havea brasiliensis), Akasia (Acacia mangium), dan Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dengan parameter yang diamati terdiri dari viabilitas tumbuh, tinggi batang, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan panjang akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis tanaman yang mampu hidup pada areal bekas tambang timah adalah Karet dengan persentase hidup sebesar 31,34%, Akasia (Acacia mangium Willd.) sebesar 33,64%, dan Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) sebesar 35,02% .Tanaman yang menunjukkan viabilitas tumbuh tertinggi tanaman Sengon yaitu 8,44 minggu dan tanaman yang menunjukkan viabilitas tumbuh terendah adalah tanaman Akasia yaitu 7,56 minggu. Pada parameter tinggi batang, respon tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Sengon yaitu 42,12cm dan respon terendah ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Akasia yaitu 21,22 cm. Tanaman yang menunjukkan jumlah Pada parameter jumlah daun dengan respon jumlah daun tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Akasia yaitu 21,99 helai dan respon terendah ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Sengon, yaitu 2,55 helai. Pada parameter dimeter batang respon tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Karet, yaitu 0,39 cm dan respon terendah ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Akasia, yaitu 0,29 cm. Pada parameter panjang akar respon tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Akasia, yaitu 10,5 cm dan respon terendah ditunjukkan oleh tanaman Sengon, yaitu 6,8 cm. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tanaman pionir yang paling cocok untuk reklamasi lahan tambang timah bangka yaitu tanaman Sengon Pioneer plants are newcomers to the initial stages of succession with special characteristics in certain species with the intention of developing a more stable type. This study aims to analyze the types of pioneer plants that have the potential to grow in the former Bangka Tin Mining area of Bakam Subdistrict. This research was conducted in Bakam Subdistrict and at the Biology Laboratory Research Center of Sriwijaya University Palembang on August 19, 2017 to November 19, 2017. This study used the Experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) pattern, with 27 seeds for three types of pioneer plants consisting for the three treatments of nine replications, the treatments carried out in this study were 3 types of pioneer plants namely rubber (Havea brasiliensis), Acacia (Acacia mangium), and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) with parameters observed consisting of growing viability, stem height, number of leaves , stem diameter and root length. The results showed that the types of plants that were able to live in the former tin mining area were rubber with a percentage of life of 31.34%, Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) Of 33.64%, and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) of 35.02%. Plants that showed the highest growth viability of Sengon plants were 8.44 weeks and plants that showed the lowest growth viability were Acacia plants which were 7.56 weeks. In the stem height parameters, the highest response was indicated by the Sengon plant which was 42.12cm and the lowest response was indicated by the Acacia plant which was 21.22 cm. Plants that showed the highest number of leaf parameters with the highest number of leaf responses were shown by Acacia plants, which were 21.99 strands and the lowest response was indicated by Sengon plants, ie 2.55 strands. The highest response parameter for stem dimeter is shown by rubber plants, which is 0.39 cm and the lowest response is indicated by Acacia plants, which is 0.29 cm. The highest parameter of root length response was shown by Acacia plants, which was 10.5 cm and the lowest response was indicated by Sengon plants, which was 6.8 cm. Based on the results of the research data analysis, it was concluded that the most suitable pioneer plants for the reclamation of bangka tin mining land was Sengon plant.