bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alternative serotonin transporter promoter P2 impacts gene function in females with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Mohr Sandra , Fritz Nikola , Hammer Christian , Martínez Cristina , Berens Sabrina , Schmitteckert Stefanie , Wahl Verena , Schmidt Malin , Houghton Lesley A. , Goebel‐Stengel Miriam , Kabisch Maria , Götze Dorothea , Milovač Irina , D’Amato Mauro , Zheng Tenghao , Röth Ralph , Mönnikes Hubert , Engel Felicitas , Gauss Annika , Tesarz Jonas , Raithel Martin , Andresen Viola , Frieling Thomas , Keller Jutta , Pehl Christian , Stein‐Thöringer Christoph , Clarke Gerard , Kennedy Paul J. , Cryan John F. , Dinan Timothy G. , Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Spiller Robin , Beltrán Caroll , Madrid Ana María , Torres Verónica , Pérez de Arce Edith , Herzog Wolfgang , Mayer Emeran A. , Sayuk Gregory , Gazouli Maria , Karamanolis George , Kapur‐Pojskič Lejla , Bustamante Mariona , Rabionet Raquel , Estivil Xavier , Franke André , Lieb Wolfgang , Boeckxstaens Guy , Wouters Mira M. , Simrén Magnus , Rappold Gudrun A. , Vicario Maria , Santos Javier , Schaefert Rainer , Lorenzo‐Bermejo Justo , Niesler Beate 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut‐brain disorder in which symptoms are shaped by serotonin acting centrally and peripherally. The serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 has been implicated in IBS pathophysiology, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. We sequenced the alternative P2 promoter driving intestinal SLC6A4 expression and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with IBS in a discovery sample. Identified SNPs built different haplotypes, and the tagging SNP rs2020938 seems to associate with constipation‐predominant IBS (IBS‐C) in females. rs2020938 validation was performed in 1978 additional IBS patients and 6,038 controls from eight countries. Meta‐analysis on data from 2,175 IBS patients and 6,128 controls confirmed the association with female IBS‐C. Expression analyses revealed that the P2 promoter drives SLC6A4 expression primarily in the small intestine. Gene reporter assays showed a functional impact of SNPs in the P2 region. In silico analysis of the polymorphic promoter indicated differential expression regulation. Further follow‐up revealed that the major allele of the tagging SNP rs2020938 correlates with differential SLC6A4 expression in the jejunum and with stool consistency, indicating functional relevance. Our data consolidate rs2020938 as a functional SNP associated with IBS‐C risk in females, underlining the relevance of SLC6A4 in IBS pathogenesis.
Advances in the mechanism and treatment of mitochondrial quality control involved in myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Chunfang , Liu Leiling , Wang Yishu , Xu Danyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic cells. Normal mitochondrial homeostasis is subject to a strict mitochondrial quality control system, including the strict regulation of mitochondrial production, fission/fusion and mitophagy. The strict and accurate modulation of the mitochondrial quality control system, comprising the mitochondrial fission/fusion, mitophagy and other processes, can ameliorate the myocardial injury of myocardial ischaemia and ischaemia‐reperfusion after myocardial infarction, which plays an important role in myocardial protection after myocardial infarction. Further research into the mechanism will help identify new therapeutic targets and drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction. This article aims to summarize the recent research regarding the mitochondrial quality control system and its molecular mechanism involved in myocardial infarction, as well as the potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Variation in Respondent Speed and its Implications: Evidence from an Adaptive Testing Scenario
Authors: Domingue Benjamin W. , Kanopka Klint , Stenhaug Ben , Soland James , Kuhfeld Megan , Wise Steve , Piech Chris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe more frequent collection of response time data is leading to an increased need for an understanding of how such data can be included in measurement models. Models for response time have been advanced, but relatively limited large‐scale empirical investigations have been conducted. We take advantage of a large data set from the adaptive NWEA MAP Growth Reading Assessment to shed light on emergent features of response time behavior. We identify two behaviors in particular. The first, response acceleration, is a reduction in response time for responses that occur later in the assessment. We note that such reductions are heterogeneous as a function of estimated ability (lower ability estimates are associated with larger increases in acceleration) and that reductions in response time lead to lower accuracy relative to expectation for lower ability students. The second is within‐person variation in the association between time usage and accuracy. Idiosyncratic within‐person changes in response time have inconsistent implications for accuracy; in some cases additional response time predicts higher accuracy but in other cases additional response time predicts declines in accuracy. These findings have implications for models that incorporate response time and accuracy. Our approach may be useful in other studies of adaptive testing data.
Assessment of the effect of experimental bleaching agent with nano‐bioactive material on postoperative sensitivity: A randomized, triple blind clinical trial
Authors: Burey Adrieli , Sutil Elisama , Nunez Aldaz Maira Alejandra , Méndez‐Bauer María Luján , Rezende Márcia , Reis Alessandra , Gomes Osnara Maria Mongruel , Farago Paulo Vitor , Loguercio Alessandro D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating bioactive nanoparticles (n‐Bm) inside an in‐office bleaching gel on the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and on bleaching effectiveness.Materials and methodsSixty‐six participants were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: control–only in‐office gel and experimental‐in‐office gel with n‐Bm. Teeth were bleached in two sessions (3 × 15‐min). TS was recorded using a VAS and NRS. The color change was evaluated by subjective (VITA Classical and VITA Bleachedguide) and objective (Easyshade spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the end of treatment. The TS was evaluated by McNemar, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and paired t test. The color changes between groups were compared using paired t test (α = 0.05).ResultsNo significant differences between the groups were observed in the risk (control = 27% [95%IC 18–39]; experimental = 21% [95%IC 13–32]) and intensity of TS, as well as in the color change (p >0.05) for any color measurement.ConclusionThe inclusion of n‐Bm into the bleaching agents did not affect the whitening effectiveness, as well as the risk and intensity of TS between groups. However, the results of the absolute risk of TS were low for both in‐office gels used.Clinical significanceDespite no significant differences between groups, both experimental bleaching agents present suitable results with low values for TS.
PEG‐modified subunit vaccine encoding dominant epitope to enhance immune response against spring viraemia of carp virus
Authors: Duan Hui‐Xin , Zhao Zhao , Jin Ying‐Jie , Wang Zi‐Long , Deng Jie‐Fang , He Jie , Zhu Bin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpring viraemia of carp (SVC) caused by spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) can infect almost all fish of cyprinids, which bring huge economic losses to aquaculture. Glycoprotein (G), as the most important antigenic determinant protein of SVCV, is widely considered as an effective method against SVCV. In our previous study, we found that G3 (131 aa) is the potential dominant antigen epitope that induces strong immune responses similar to G protein (510 aa). Here, in order to further improve the immune effect, we reported a subunit vaccine (PEG‐G3) constructed by PEG‐modified dominant epitope protein (G3). The results of serum antibody production, enzyme activities and immune‐related genes expression showed that PEG‐G3 induces significantly stronger immune protective responses against SVCV than G3. PEG modification significantly increased the serum antibody level of the vaccine, which increased significantly after immunization and reached the peak at 21 day post‐vaccination. T‐AOC and AKP activities in the lowest concentration group (5 μg) of PEG‐G3 were significantly higher than those in the highest concentration group (20 μg) of G3. In PEG‐G3 group, the expression of almost all genes increased at least 4 times compared with the control group. After 14‐day challenge, the RPS (relative percentage survival) of the highest concentration of PEG‐G3 group was 53.6%, while that of G3 group is 38.9%. Therefore, this work shows that PEG modification and dominant epitope screening may be effective methods to improve the immune protective effect of vaccines and to resist the infection of aquatic animal viral diseases.
The politics of vulnerable masculinity in couple therapy
Authors: Smoliak Olga , LaMarre Andrea , Rice Carla , Tseliou Eleftheria , LeCouteur Amanda , Myers Madison , Vesely Leslie , Briscoe Cara , Addison Maggie , Velikonja Linnea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCouple therapy and related literature has problematized men's emotional inexpressiveness as constraining for men and as contributing to men's privileged and dominating position vis‐à‐vis women. Fostering men's emotionality in and outside of therapy has been proposed as a way to improve men's well‐being and relationships and promote gender equality. Critical masculinity scholars have noted that many men now enact vulnerable (“softer”) and emotional forms of masculinity. Yet, there is lack of insight into how such enactment may intersect with gender inequality. This article presents a critical thematic analysis of 30 transcribed videotaped couple therapy sessions focusing on the performance of men's affective masculinities and the political dimensions of men's increasing emotionality within couple therapy. The study shows that vulnerable masculinities, although argued as bearing the potential to foster relational and social change, may also obscure continuing commitment to dominant masculinity norms. Implications for practice are discussed.
Pharmacodynamics and plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine with or without vatinoxan as a constant‐rate infusion in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane—A pilot study
Authors: Neudeck Stephan , Twele Lara , Kopp Veronika , Kästner Sabine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim was to determine the effects of vatinoxan on dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations and effects on cardiovascular and intestinal tissue pharmacodynamics. In a prospective randomized study, six horses were premedicated intravenously with dexmedetomidine 3.5 µg kg−1followed by a constant‐rate infusion of 7 µg kg−1 h−1(group DEX) and six horses with dexmedetomidine of the same dose (bolus and constant‐rate infusion) combined with vatinoxan 130 µg kg−1followed by 40 µg kg−1 h−1(group VAT). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam and maintained with isoflurane. Venous blood samples were withdrawn before and at predefined points in time after drug application. During sedation and anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary variables, gastrointestinal tissue perfusion and oxygenation were recorded. Data were analysed using two‐way‐ANOVA, unpaired‐t‐test and Dunnett's‐t‐test (p < 0.05). Group VAT had significantly higher oxygen delivery and lower oxygen extraction ratio, venous admixture, alveolar dead space and alveolar‐arterial‐oxygen difference. Tissue perfusion of buccal mucosa was reduced during anaesthesia in group DEX. Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in group VAT (n = 6) and group DEX (n = 5) were comparable between groups. In the present pilot study, co‐administration of vatinoxan with dexmedetomidine did not alter plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine but ameliorated tissue perfusion and global oxygenation variables.
Pharmacokinetics of enflicoxib in dogs: Effects of prandial state and repeated administration
Authors: Homedes Josep , Salichs Marta , Solà Josep , Menargues Angel , Cendrós Josep‐Maria , Encina Gregorio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of enflicoxib were evaluated in both a bioavailability study and a multi‐dose safety study in Beagle dogs. When administered at 8 mg/kg, the oral bioavailability (F) of enflicoxib was 44.1% in fasted dogs, but F increased to 63.4% under post prandial conditions. Enflicoxib is rapidly metabolised. After the first 48 h, the plasma levels of its pyrazol metabolite were much higher and persistent than those of the parent compound. Following intravenous administration, the total body plasma clearance of enflicoxib was of 140 ml/h/kg and the volume of distribution based on the terminal phase was 4 L/kg. Plasma protein binding for both compounds was approximately 99%. The blood to plasma ratio for the pyrazol metabolite showed saturable kinetics with higher blood cell affinity at lower total blood concentrations which ranged from 2.49 to 0.95 for concentrations from 1 to 15 µg/ml. Enflicoxib and its pyrazol metabolite exhibited dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics for single oral doses of 8–40 mg⁄kg and for multiple oral doses of 4–20 mg⁄kg. After 7 months of repeated weekly administrations, pre‐dose plasma concentrations (Cmin,ss) remained constant throughout the study, with no trend to any significant over‐accumulation. The mean terminal elimination half‐life (t½) was 20 h for enflicoxib and 17 days for the pyrazol metabolite. The pharmacokinetic profile of enflicoxib and its pyrazol metabolite in dogs supports the proposed dosing regimen in which doses are separated by 1 week.
Spectral effects of varying texture and composition in two‐component “mudpie” simulations: Insights for asteroid (101955) Bennu
Authors: Sen Antara , Clark Beth E. , Cloutis Edward A. , DellaGiustina Daniella N. , Hendrix Amanda R. , Simon Amy A. , Applin Daniel M. , Parkinson Alexis , Turenne Nathalie , Connell Stephanie , Ferrone Salvatore M. , Li Jian‐Yang , Lim Lucy F. , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractData returned by the OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft have shown that asteroid (101955) Bennu has a globally low‐albedo surface covered in boulders with diverse texture, color, and albedo properties, and an aqueously altered composition dominated by phyllosilicates. To test whether Bennu’s color and albedo diversity could be caused by texture and/or composition variations, we performed a laboratory‐based study using simple two‐component mixtures (called “mudpies”) of the phyllosilicate saponite and carbon‐rich opaques. Each mudpie is prepared in four different textures: fine powder, coarse particles, sanded slab, and textured rock. We find that a sanded slab made from 90% saponite and 10% lampblack is a good analog for Bennu, and the color and albedo changes due to texture variations are substantial. At 550 nm, texture changes alone can create up to 36% brightness contrast, and in color measured as a 473 nm/847 nm ratio, texture changes can provide up to 18% color contrast. In comparison, Bennu shows approximately 25% albedo and <1% color contrasts from boulder type to boulder type. These findings suggest that if texture contributes to color on Bennu, the texture variations are typically more subtle than what we simulated in the laboratory. According to our study, the color and albedo properties of different boulder types on Bennu are consistent with different concentrations of carbon‐rich opaques (and possibly consistent with variations in carbonate concentration). The variations within each boulder group are consistent with textural differences.
Hybrid deep learning architecture for rail surface segmentation and surface defect detection
Authors: Wu Yunpeng , Qin Yong , Qian Yu , Guo Feng , Wang Zhipeng , Jia Limin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRail surface defects (RSDs) are a major problem that reduces operation safety. Unfortunately, the existing RSD detection systems have very limited accuracy. Current image processing methods are not tailored for the railway track and many fully convolutional networks (FCN)‐based methods suffer from the blurry rail edges (RE). This paper proposes a new rail boundary guidance network (RBGNet) for salient RS detection. First, a novel architecture is proposed to fully utilize the complementarity between the RS and the RE to accurately identify the RS with well‐defined boundaries. The newly developed RBGNet injects high‐level RS object information into shallow RS edge features by a progressive fused way for obtaining fine edge features. Then, the system integrates the refined edge features with RS features at different high‐level layers to predict the RS precisely. Second, an innovative hybrid loss consisting of binary cross entropy (BCE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and intersection‐over‐union (IoU) is proposed and equipped into the RBGNet to supervise the network and learn the transformation between the input and ground truth. The input and ground truth then further refine the RS location and edges. Conveniently, an image‐based model for RSD detection and quantification is also developed and integrated for an automatic inspection purpose. Finally, experiments conducted on the complex unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) rail dataset indicate the system can achieve a high detection rate with good adaptation capability in complicated environments.
Growth and the Shape of a Life
Authors: Dunkle Ian D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhy does it seem better to be a pauper who becomes a king rather than a king who becomes a pauper even when each life contains an equivalent sum of goods to the other? Many argue that only the pauper‐to‐king life can be told as a redemption story and that it is good for you to live a redemption story. This paper calls that explanation into question and proposes an alternative: upward‐trending lives reveal growth. I argue that growth is a valuable feature of a life, that redemption is not, and that growth explains intuitions cited in favor of redemption.
Jews and sexuality in the Americas, 1519–1880
Authors: Rabin Shari , Leibman Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay explores how Jewish understandings of sexual purity changed in the Americas, where Catholic and Protestant understandings of sex, reproduction, and embodiment were at the heart of European colonialism. It begins in colonial New Spain and ends in the nineteenth‐century United States, exploring both normative and transgressive forms of Jewish sexuality. Showing how understandings of Jewish purity developed—and expanded—in early America sheds new light on the history of colonialism and sex, showing how multiple systems of purity competed and overlapped across the Atlantic world. It also helpfully reorients American Jewish history away from “waves of migration” toward sites of power: the newly created courts, Jewish communal institutions, and domestic spaces where bodies and relationships were regulated.
Immunobiology and conflicting roles of the human CD161 receptor in T cells
Authors: Wyrożemski Łukasz , Qiao Shuo‐Wang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman C‐type lectin‐like CD161 is a type‐II transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of various lymphocytes across innate and adaptive immune systems. CD161+ T cells displayed enhanced ability to produce cytokines and were shown to be enriched in the gut. Independently of function, CD161 was used as marker of innate‐like T cells and marker of IL‐17‐producing cells. The function of CD161 is still not fully understood. In T cells, CD161 was proposed to act as co‐signalling receptor that influence T‐cell receptor‐dependent responses. However, conflicting studies were published demonstrating lack of agreement over the role of CD161 during T‐cell activation. In this review, we outline phenotypical and functional consequences of CD161 expression in T cells. We provide critical discussion over the most pressing issues including in depth evaluation of the literature concerning CD161 putative co‐signalling properties.
Longitudinal study of the cutaneous microbiota of healthy horses
Authors: O’Shaughnessy‐Hunter Laura C. , Yu Anthony , Rousseau Joyce D. , Foster Robert A. , Weese J. Scott 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNext‐generation sequencing techniques have revealed that human and animal skin is colonised by a rich and diverse population of bacteria, and that microbial composition varies between different body sites and individuals. Very little is known about the normal microbiota of healthy equine skin.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the taxonomic distributions of cutaneous bacterial microbiota in a population of healthy horses in Ontario, Canada, and to evaluate the effects of body site, individual and time of year on microbial diversity and community composition.AnimalsSamples were collected from four body sites (dorsum, ventral abdomen, pastern and groin) from 12 clinically healthy horses from the same farm. Samples were collected from all individuals at four time points (winter, spring, summer, autumn) within a calendar year.Methods and materialsIllumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed following DNA extraction. Data were analysed using mothur software.ResultsBacteria from 38 phyla and 1,665 genera were identified. Alpha diversity was higher in the winter and summer than spring and autumn although this was not statistically significant. Community membership and structure clustered more based on season than skin site.Conclusions and clinical importanceHealthy equine skin is inhabited by a marked diversity of microbiota. Individuals living in a similar environment share overlapping cutaneous microbial populations. These populations vary significantly over time and between body sites.
Tick bite frequency, prevention practices and Lyme disease diagnoses among U.S. Hispanic survey respondents
Authors: Beck Alyssa , Solomon Julia , Hinckley Alison F. , Nelson Christina A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTick bite prevention practices, knowledge of Lyme disease (LD) symptoms and transmission, and patterns of LD diagnoses among Hispanic persons have been reported but not comprehensively evaluated. In 2014, CDC examined questions from a prospective nationwide survey of U.S. Hispanic adults conducted via the Offerwise QueOpinas panel regarding ticks and LD. From October to November, a total of 2,649 surveys were released and 1,006 completed surveys returned. Overall, 44% of respondents reported routinely practising at least one form of personal protection against tick bites, and wearing repellent was the most commonly reported method (29%). Approximately 6% of respondents reported a tick bite for either themselves or someone in their household during the previous 12 months. An individual or household diagnosis of LD in the previous year was reported by 2% of respondents, with the highest proportion of diagnoses reported by respondents from high LD incidence states. The annual incidence of healthcare provider‐diagnosed LD in the survey population was higher than national surveillance estimates for reported LD among U.S. Hispanic persons during 2000–2013. As annual incidence of LD continues to increase, it is important to ensure equitable access to information about LD, including disease transmission, manifestations, and prevention recommendations. Results from this survey can help inform public health outreach focused on effective tick bite prevention methods and early recognition of LD.