bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early maladaptive schemas in young people who self‐injure
Authors: Nicol Annemarie , Mak Anita S. , Murray Kristen , Kavanagh Phillip S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is emerging evidence that early maladaptive schemas (EMS) may be a cognitive vulnerability factor in nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). The current study sought to examine the relationship between EMS and NSSI history, and whether this is moderated by gender, in a community youth sample.MethodParticipants were 403 Australian secondary and university students aged between 16 and 25 years, who completed a survey of NSSI history, EMS, and general emotional distress.ResultsLogistic regression analysis indicated that being female, depression, and EMS scores were useful for differentiating between youth reporting NSSI history and those who did not. High levels of Defectiveness/Shame and Abandonment/Instability schema scores, and low levels of Emotional Inhibition schema scores, were associated with NSSI history. Gender did not moderate the relationships between these EMS scores and NSSI history.ConclusionsPresent results suggest that aspects of the schema domain of Disconnection and Rejection are important for identifying NSSI history beyond young people's emotional distress. This provides researchers and clinicians with an opportunity to better target key EMS, especially beliefs about self‐defectiveness and feelings of shame, that may be driving the regulatory function of self‐injury among youth.
Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis reduces salamander capacity to mount a cell‐mediated immune response
Authors: Venesky Matthew D. , Laskey Corey A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vertebrate immune system is a costly defense system that is responsible for preventing and eliminating parasites and pathogens. Theory predicts that hosts experience tradeoffs associated with immune deployment and other physiological functions. Although empirical evidence for immune‐physiology tradeoffs are well documented in the literature, fewer studies have examined tradeoffs within the immune system in wild vertebrates. We explored the topic of concomitant immune challenges in amphibians by exposing salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to a fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter “Bd”) and then to phytohemagglutinin (hereafter “PHA”). We measured Bd infection using quantitative PCR and used measurements of the tail thickness at the PHA injection site as an estimate of skin swelling. We tested whether Bd reduced the salamander's capacity to mount an immune response towards PHA or whether Bd would stimulate immune activity and thereby increase the response towards PHA. Salamanders that were infected with Bd had a reduced skin‐swelling when injected with PHA compared to noninfected salamanders, a result that is consistent with the hypothesis that Bd‐infected salamanders have lower immunocompetence than noninfected salamanders. We also found that PHA‐induced swelling response was negatively associated with Bd infection abundance (i.e., the infection burden of all exposed salamanders, including those that were exposed but not infected), indicating that salamanders with a higher infection abundance had the lowest swelling response to PHA. Our results suggest that individuals of P. cinereus might experience an energetic tradeoff between successfully fighting off Bd and mounting an immune response towards PHA.
Wheels in planar graphs and Hajós graphs
Authors: Xie Qiqin , Xie Shijie , Yu Xingxing , Yuan Xiaofan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt was conjectured by Hajós that graphs containing no ‐subdivision are 4‐colorable. Previous results show that any possible minimum counterexample to Hajós' conjecture, called Hajós graph, is 4‐connected but not 5‐connected. In this paper, we show that if a Hajós graph admits a 4‐cut or 5‐cut with a planar side then the planar side must be small or contains a special wheel. This is a step in our effort to reduce Hajós' conjecture to the Four Color Theorem.
Predicting the individualized risk of poor adherence to ART medication among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda: the Suubi+Adherence study
Authors: Brathwaite Rachel , Ssewamala Fred M , Neilands Torsten B , Okumu Moses , Mutumba Massy , Damulira Christopher , Nabunya Proscovia , Kizito Samuel , Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Mellins Claude A , McKay Mary M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAchieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) is challenging, especially in low‐resource settings. To help accurately determine who is at risk of poor adherence, we developed and internally validated models comprising multi‐level factors that can help to predict the individualized risk of poor adherence among ALWHIV in a resource‐limited setting such as Uganda.MethodsWe used data from a sample of 637 ALWHIV in Uganda who participated in a longitudinal study, “Suubi+Adherence” (2012 to 2018). The model was developed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression to select the best subset of multi‐level predictors (individual, household, community or economic‐related factors) of poor adherence in one year’s time using 10‐fold cross‐validation. Seventeen potential predictors included in the model were assessed at 36 months of follow‐up, whereas adherence was assessed at 48 months of follow‐up. Model performance was evaluated using discrimination and calibration measures.ResultsFor the model predicting poor adherence, five of the 17 predictors (adherence history, adherence self‐efficacy, family cohesion, child poverty and group assignment) were retained. Its ability to discriminate between individuals with and without poor adherence was acceptable; area under the curve (AUC) = 69.9; 95% CI: 62.7, 72.8. There was no evidence of possible areas of miscalibration (test statistic = 1.20;p = 0.273). The overall performance of the model was good.ConclusionsOur findings support prediction modelling as a useful tool that can be leveraged to improve outcomes across the HIV care continuum. Utilizing information from multiple sources, the risk prediction score tool applied here can be refined further with the ultimate goal of being used in a screening tool by practitioners working with ALWHIV. Specifically, the tool could help identify and provide early interventions to adolescents at the highest risk of poor adherence and/or viral non‐suppression. However, further fine‐tuning and external validation may be required before wide‐scale implementation.
Low complexity multiobjective finite impulse response filter design using Salp swarm algorithm and its improved version
Authors: Srivastava Savita , Dwivedi Atul Kumar , Nagaria Deepak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent trend indicates that the assessment of low complexity is crucial for an effectual design of digital filter. Earlier the existing algorithms solely focused on reducing the pass band ripples and the stop band ripples in spite of the requirement of low implementation complexity in finite impulse response (FIR) filter design. In this regard, the optimization‐based FIR filter using multiobjective improved Salp swarm optimization algorithm have been designed. The proposed method not only minimizes the ripples of pass band and stop band but also minimizes the transition band, number of sparsity, which is used to implement a FIR filter that abides the specified frequency. The nondominated solution of filter design has a set of an optimum solution as pareto front that maintains the trade‐off between the various specifications. The designed FIR filter has been compared with other reported method to validate the applicability of the proposed method. The evaluation and analysis have been performed regrading minimum pass band ripples, minimum stop band ripple, minimum transition band, and implementation complexity. To prove the practical applicability of the proposed method, the designed FIR filters have been implemented in Xilinx ISE14.7 (Virtex‐VII) environment. The comparison result shows that the proposed method performs better than all other reported method in achieving minimum ripples and implementation complexity.
Heat wave magnitude over India under changing climate: Projections from CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiments
Authors: Das Jew , Umamahesh Nanduri Venkata 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtmospheric warming is expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of extreme climatic events namely floods, droughts, heat waves, and so on. Thus, the present study attempts to answer the following research questions; (i) What are the possible implications on future heat wave events due to the projected temperature? (ii) What are the expected changes in heat wave properties under different classifications of heat wave events under different climate scenarios? (iii) Whether the future projection of heat wave events differ significantly under CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiments over India? To answer the above questions, the present study uses the bias‐corrected future projections of maximum temperature (Tmax) from 26 GCMs that is, 13 from CMIP5 and 13 from CMIP6 experiments. In addition, two RCPs (4.5 and 8.5) under CMIP5 and four SSPs (126, 245, 370, and 585) under CMIP6 scenarios are considered. The Heat Wave Magnitude Index (HWMI) is used to characterize the heat wave over India. The essential findings from the study indicate that the Tmax anomaly is likely to increase (SSP126 < SSP245 < SSP370 < SSP585 and RCP4.5 < RCP8.5) in future causing more intense, high frequency, and long duration heat wave events over India. Presently unaffected large regions of southern, northeast, and western parts are expected to be severely affected by heat wave events. More intense heat wave events are likely to occur under RCP8.5 scenario as compared to SSP585 scenario. The percentage of affected area is projected to increase significantly from SSP126 to SSP585 under extreme and very extreme heat wave events. Under RCP8.5 scenario, the average duration of heat wave events for very extreme, and super extreme classifications is significantly higher than SSP585 scenario. Our findings suggest the paramount necessity of adaptation strategies to address the adverse consequences of foreseen heat wave events.
Enhanced moisture transport associated with the interdecadal change in winter precipitation over Northwest China
Authors: Yin Xiaoxue , Zhou Lian‐Tong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the interdecadal increase in winter precipitation in northwest China (NWC) since the late 1980s and the associated moisture flux transport are investigated. The results show that an interdecadal change in moisture flux transport also occurred in the late 1980s, resulting in anomalous moisture transport convergence over NWC. The examination of boundary moisture transport shows enhanced incoming net moisture flux transport over NWC after the late 1980s. The zonal and meridional components both play a key role in the net moisture flux transport, with increased incoming transport from the western boundary dominated and followed by increased incoming transport from the southern boundary. The circulation responsible for the moisture flux transport anomalies is a Eurasian (EU)‐like teleconnection over mid‐to‐high latitudes of the Eurasian continent. The EU teleconnection pattern transformed from a positive phase to a negative phase in the late 1980s. The related anomalous cyclone over central Asia and the anomalous anticyclone over Japan result in westerly anomalies to the west of NWC and southeasterly anomalies to the east, respectively. Together, these anomalies enable an enhanced net gain of moisture transport and the anomalous moisture transport convergence over NWC. The enhanced moisture supply, strengthened upward movement and anomalous convergence result in an interdecadal increase in winter precipitation in NWC. In addition, the transition of the EU teleconnection is likely attributed to changes in the zonal mean wind. Sea surface temperature warming in the North Atlantic and northwestern Pacific regions also play a role in the change in the EU teleconnection pattern.
Project managers' breadth of experience, project complexity, and project performance
Authors: Salvador Fabrizio , Alba Constantin , Madiedo Juan Pablo , Tenhiälä Antti , Bendoly Elliot 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch has found that a project manager's experience is a driver of project performance. However, whether specialist or generalist project managers are more effective remains an open question to date. In this paper, we examine how project managers' breadth of experience influences project completion time under different levels of project complexity. Using longitudinal data from 9,765 enterprise resource planning (ERP) system projects executed by a software services organization, we find that managers' breadth of experience has a U‐shaped impact on project completion time. We also find that while we can identify an optimal level of breadth of experience that minimizes project completion time on the U‐curve, this optimal level becomes lower (the U‐curve shifts to the left) as project complexity increases. As project complexity decreases, the U‐curve flattens and tends to become monotonically decreasing, signifying that diseconomies from project managers' breadth of experience are less apparent in simpler projects. From a practical standpoint, these findings suggest that project managers' breadth of experience is a critical driver of project performance that should be a key consideration in the selection of managers to lead knowledge work, especially for complex projects.
Gait asymmetries are exacerbated at faster walking speeds in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Garcia Steven A. , Brown Scott R. , Koje Mary , Krishnan Chandramouli , Palmieri‐Smith Riann M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research suggests more biomechanically demanding tasks (e.g., stair descent, hopping) magnify biomechanical asymmetries compared with walking after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, it is unclear if modifying task‐specific constraints, like walking speed also elicits greater biomechanical asymmetries in this population. We examined the effects of manipulating walking speed on ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction and uninjured controls. Thirty individuals with ACL reconstruction (age = 20.6 ± 5.4 years, body mass index [BMI] = 23.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and 15 controls (age = 23.1 ± 4.5 years, BMI = 23.6 ± 2.7 kg/m2) were tested on an instrumented treadmill at three speeds (100%, 120%, and 80% self‐selected speed). Bilateral vertical and posterior‐anterior GRFs were recorded at each speed. GRF asymmetries were calculated by subtracting the uninjured from the injured limb at each percent of stance. Statistical parametric mapping was used to evaluate the effects of speed on GRF asymmetries across stance. We found vertical and posterior GRF asymmetries were exacerbated at faster speeds and reduced at slower speeds in ACL individuals but not controls (p < .05). No differences in anterior GRF asymmetries were observed between speeds in either group (p > .05). Our results suggest increasing walking speed magnifies GRF asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction. Statement of Clinical Significance: Evaluating both preferred and fast walking speeds may aid in characterizing biomechanical asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction which may be valuable in earlier rehabilitative time points when more difficult tasks like hopping and running are not feasible.
Determination of selenite and selenomethionine in kefir grains by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Bodur Süleyman , Öner Miray , Erarpat Sezin , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new and efficient reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of SeO32– and seleno‐dl‐methionine in kefir grains. For the system, limits of detection and quantitation values for SeO32– and seleno‐dl‐methionine were calculated as 0.52/1.73 mg/kg (as Se) and 0.26/0.87 mg/kg (as Se), respectively. After performing the system analytical performance, recovery experiment was done for kefir grains and percent recovery results for SeO32– and seleno‐dl‐methionine were calculated as 98.4 ± 0.8% and 93.6 ± 1.0%, respectively. It followed by the feeding studies that the kefir grains were exposed to three different concentrations of SeO32– (20, 30, and 50 mg/kg) for approximately 4 days at room temperature to investigate the conversion/non‐conversion of SeO32– to seleno‐dl‐methionine. Next, the fed grains were extracted with tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate solution (20%, w/w) and then sent to the developed system. There was no detectable seleno‐dl‐methionine found in fed kefir grains at different concentrations of SeO32– while inorganic or elemental selenium in the fed kefir grains was determined between 1579.5 – 3116.0 mg/kg (as Se). Selenium species in the kefir grains samples was found in the form of SeO32– proved by using an anion exchange column.
On‐Site Laser Photobiomodulation Treatment of Crushed Muscle Due to Prolonged Pressure in Rats
Authors: Almog Mara , Nissan Moshe , Koifman Igal , Wollman Yoram , Rochkind Shimon 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectivesCrush injuries and prolonged pressure on muscles lead to bruises and sprains and, in most of the cases, cause distraction of the muscle and release of particles into the blood stream, causing renal and systemic complications in severe cases. Laser photobiomodulation treatment (i.e., laser phototherapy) is a method suggested to decrease the pressure damage in the first 24–48 hours after muscle injury, allowing a faster and more complete physical rehabilitation. We studied the efficacy of non‐invasive laser photobiomodulation treatment as an on‐site treatment for crush‐injured gastrocnemius muscles, developing a moderate muscle crush injury model and aiming at decreasing damage extent while regaining physical competence faster.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMuscle crush injury was performed on 30 female Wistar rats using direct pressure for 10 minutes on the gastrocnemius muscle in both left and right hindlimbs. Immediately after the injury, only the left hindlimb were irradiated for 16 minutes (with 780 nm laser with a power of 250 mW, the energy at the target was 240 J, and the fluence was 1019 J/cm2) for 1, 3, or 7 consecutive days, and sacrificed accordingly. During the follow‐up period, 1, 3, or 7 days, both gastrocnemius muscles (of the treated and untreated hindlimbs) were evaluated for electrophysiology and functionality.ResultsThe laser photobiomodulation treatment showed a significant electrophysiological and functional recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle during the first 3 days after injury, in comparison with the untreated hindlimb.ConclusionsThese preliminary results are promising, showing a significant effect of the laser photobiomodulation treatment during the first 3 days after the induction of the muscle crush injury, which is the most critical period in the clinical aspect. These findings suggest a therapeutic approach, which may help restore the muscle after crush injury.
Effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of Cu‐bearing martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Hao Xinxin , Xi Tong , Xu Zhiqiang , Liu Lichu , Yang Chunguang , Yang Ke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure, hardness, antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance of Cu‐bearing 5Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel (5Cr15MoV‐Cu MSS) were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, a transmission electron microscope, an antibacterial test, electrochemical measurements, and the salt spray test. The results showed that the hardness curve had a saddle shape and its values reached the peak value after tempering at 500°C, due to the secondary hardening effect by the precipitation of tiny secondary carbides and Cu‐rich precipitates. In addition, the antibacterial results also showed excellent antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli at 500°C because of the formation of Cu‐rich precipitates. Results of corrosion tests indicated that the corrosion resistance decreased gradually with an increase of the tempering temperature. In particular, the passivation did not occur when the tempering temperature was above 500°C, which may be related to the Cu‐rich precipitates and Cr depletion.
Peripheral Immune Profile and Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Muñoz‐Delgado Laura , Macías‐García Daniel , Jesús Silvia , Martín‐Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Labrador‐Espinosa Miguel Ángel , Jiménez‐Jaraba María Valle , Adarmes‐Gómez Astrid , Carrillo Fátima , Mir Pablo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood is a well‐established inflammatory marker, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine whether a different peripheral immune profile and NLR were present in PD patients.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study that included 377 PD patients and 355 healthy controls (HCs). Leukocytes, subpopulations, and the NLR were measured. Multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to determine the differences between groups and the association between NLR and clinical characteristics in PD. A meta‐analysis was performed to clarify the association between NLR and PD.ResultsIn our case–control study, the NLR was significantly higher in PD patients compared with HCs (2.47 ± 1.1 vs. 1.98 ± 0.91, P < 0.001). No association between NLR and age at onset, disease severity, or disease duration was found. The meta‐analysis showed that the NLR was likely to be higher in PD patients.ConclusionsPD patients had an altered peripheral immune profile and a higher NLR compared with HCs. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society