bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization Between the Rich and the Poor? The Dynamics and Structure of Redistributive Preferences in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Romero-Vidal Xavier , Van Hauwaert Steven M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Citizens’ support for redistribution varies largely between and within countries. An important empirical challenge in this field is the scarcity of comparative data, which this study overcomes by designing a novel time-series cross-sectional dataset that spans more than three decades in seven European countries. Using nearly 300 surveys and a dyadic ratios algorithm, we estimate aggregate redistributive preferences for each country, as well as for population strata within countries based on household income. We then ask to what extent support for redistribution varies across the rich and the poor. We find that citizens are not systematically becoming more reluctant toward or more supportive of redistribution. While redistributive preferences of the rich and the poor do not strictly move in parallel, there is no polarization between the two. Moreover, both the demand for redistribution and the preference gap between the rich and the poor evolve in a cyclical way.
Incidence of Cardiometabolic Diseases in People With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United Kingdom: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Gooden Tiffany E , Gardner Mike , Wang Jingya , Jolly Kate , Lane Deirdre A , Benjamin Laura A , Mwandumba Henry C , Kandoole Vanessa , Lwanga Isaac B , Taylor Stephen , Manaseki-Holland Semira , Lip Gregory Y H , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Thomas G Neil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is limited. We aimed to identify the risk of composite CVD, individual CVD events, and common risk factors.

Methods
This was a nationwide, population-based, cohort study comparing adult (≥18 years old) PWH with people without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) matched on age, sex, ethnicity, and location. The primary outcome was composite CVD comprising stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. The secondary outcomes were individual CVD events, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the risk of each outcome.

Results
We identified 9233 PWH and matched them with 35 721 HIV-negative individuals. An increased risk was found for composite CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.77), stroke (aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08–1.86), ischemic heart disease (aHR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.24–1.94), hypertension (aHR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23–1.53), type 2 diabetes (aHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09–1.50), CKD (aHR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.98–2.94), and all-cause mortality (aHR, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.48–3.25).

Conclusions
PWH have a heightened risk for CVD and common CVD risk factors, reinforcing the importance for regular screening for such conditions.
Tracing the Adoption and Effects of Open Science in Communication Research*
Authors: Markowitz David M , Song Hyunjin , Taylor Samuel Hardman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A significant paradigm shift is underway in communication research as open science practices (e.g., preregistration, open materials) are becoming more prevalent. The current work identified how much the field has embraced such practices and evaluated their impact on authors (e.g., citation rates). We collected 10,517 papers across 26 journals from 2010 to 2020, observing that 5.1% of papers used or mentioned open science practices. Communication research has seen the rate of nonsignificant p-values (p &gt; .055) increasing with the adoption of open science over time, but p-values just below p &lt; .05 have not reduced with open science adoption. Open science adoption was unrelated to citation rate at the article level; however, it was inversely related to the journals’ h-index. Our results suggest communication organizations and scholars have important work ahead to make open science more mainstream. We close with suggestions to increase open science adoption for the field at large.
Giving patients a voice in Health Technology Assessment decision-making in Greece: a patient advocacy group consensus analysis
Authors: Athanasakis Kostas , Naoum Vasiliki , Karampli Eleftheria , Naoum Panagiota , Pavi Elpida , Kyriopoulos John 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This analysis aimed to assess patient advocacy groups’ (PAGs) perspectives on patients’ and PAGs’ potential role in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) decision-making in Greece.

Methods
In total, 22 representatives of PAGs participated in a consensus panel meeting. Participants’ views were elicited via a consensus panel meeting, through a televoting procedure, based on a structured questionnaire with close-ended questions. Voting was anonymous, to avoid the influence of the dominant personality. After voting, the results were presented to the participants and televoting was repeated to achieve consensus.

Key findings
The majority of participants (94.8%) believe that valid information on the developments regarding HTA in Greece is not conveyed to them by the official national regulatory sources. Key sources of valid information on developments regarding HTA were: conferences (95.2%), international PAGs (85.7%) and HTA experts/scientists (76.2%). About 76.2% of participants evaluated PAGs’ competence to participate in policy-making concerning HTA scheme formation as moderate or higher. Regarding patients’ effective participation in HTA decision-making, greater importance (points 4 and 5 on a 5-point scale) was given to their education on treatment effects in terms of quality of life (100.0%), basic principles of health economics and pharmaceutical policy (95.5%) and ethical aspects of HTA (95.0%). About 55.0% strongly agree that patients should formally express their opinion on HTA issues, while 72.7% believe that patients’ opinions on HTA issues should be expressed through participation in the process and right to vote.

Conclusions
The participation of patients in HTA decision-making is an issue not only of justice but also of essence. For a productive participation, PAGs training is essential.
Spinal hematoma after total knee arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Cortina G , Collarile M , Condello V , Orlandi R , Russo A , Madonna V , Pieracci N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spinal anesthesia is a common procedure performed in orthopedic surgery, and it is regarded as secure and safe. Although puncture-related complication of spinal anesthesia has a very low incidence, it would lead to dramatic neurological damage (tetra- or paraplegia). Early diagnosis and surgical decompression are mandatory to promote a better outcome. We present a case of acute spinal hematoma from T11 to L3, triggered by laborious anesthesia puncture after total knee arthroplasty. A prompt surgical decompression within few hours after diagnosis allowed rapid functional recovery and avoided permanent paraplegia.
After Eighty Years of Slumber: The Rediscovery of Erich Neumann’s Jewish Corpus
Authors: Kruger Reuven 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While Erich Neumann’s contributions to depth psychology and his celebrated Eranos lectures are well known, his Jewish writings from the 1930s have been hidden from public view for eighty years until their recent publication. This paper introduces three works that have sparked a renaissance of interest in Neumann as a Jewish thinker. These include a monograph, Jacob and Esau: On the Collective Symbolism of the Brother Motif (2015), a two-volume opus, The Roots of Jewish Consciousness (2019), and the correspondence between Neumann and Jung, Analytical Psychology in Exile (2105). Neumann asserts that Hasidism was a forerunner to modern depth psychology and claims that both disciplines affirm the primacy of the individual and the integration of masculine and feminine modes of being in a fully-realized, individuated personality.
On the relation between active-region lifetimes and the autocorrelation function of light curves
Authors: Santos A R G , Mathur S , García R A , Cunha M S , Avelino P P 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Rotational modulation of stellar light curves due to dark spots encloses information on spot properties and, thus, on magnetic activity. In particular, the decay of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of light curves is presumed to be linked to spot/active-region lifetimes, given that some coherence of the signal is expected throughout their lifetime. In the literature, an exponential decay has been adopted to describe the ACF. Here, we investigate the relation between the ACF and the active-region lifetimes. For this purpose, we produce artificial light curves of rotating spotted stars with different observation, stellar, and spot properties. We find that a linear decay and respective time-scale better represent the ACF than the exponential decay. We therefore adopt a linear decay. The spot/active-region time-scale inferred from the ACF is strongly restricted by the observation length of the light curves. For 1-yr light curves our results are consistent with no correlation between the inferred and the input time-scales. The ACF decay is also significantly affected by differential rotation and spot evolution: strong differential rotation and fast spot evolution contribute to a more severe underestimation of the active-region lifetimes. Nevertheless, in both circumstances the observed time-scale is still correlated with the input lifetimes. Therefore, our analysis suggests that the ACF decay can be used to obtain a lower limit of the active-region lifetimes for relatively long-term observations. However, strategies to avoid or flag targets with fast active-region evolution or displaying stable beating patterns associated with differential rotation should be employed.
Evidence for a high-energy tail in the gamma-ray spectra of globular clusters
Authors: Song Deheng , Macias Oscar , Horiuchi Shunsaku , Crocker Roland M , Nataf David M 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Millisecond pulsars are very likely the main source of gamma-ray emission from globular clusters. However, the relative contributions of two separate emission processes – curvature radiation from millisecond pulsar magnetospheres versus inverse Compton emission from relativistic pairs launched into the globular cluster environment by millisecond pulsars – have long been unclear. To address this, we search for evidence of inverse Compton emission in 8-yr Fermi–LAT data from the directions of 157 Milky Way globular clusters. We find a mildly statistically significant (3.8σ) correlation between the measured globular cluster gamma-ray luminosities and their photon field energy densities. However, this may also be explained by a hidden correlation between the photon field densities and the stellar encounter rates of globular clusters. Analysed in toto, we demonstrate that the gamma-ray emission of globular clusters can be resolved spectrally into two components: (i) an exponentially cut-off power law and (ii) a pure power law. The latter component – which we uncover at a significance of 8.2σ – has a power index of 2.79 ± 0.25. It is most naturally interpreted as inverse Compton emission by cosmic-ray electrons and positrons injected by millisecond pulsars. We find the luminosity of this power-law component is comparable to, or slightly smaller than, the luminosity of the curved component, suggesting the fraction of millisecond pulsar spin-down luminosity into relativistic leptons is similar to the fraction of the spin-down luminosity into prompt magnetospheric radiation.
Lagothrix flavicauda(Primates: Atelidae)
Authors: Serrano-Villavicencio José E , Shanee Sam , Pacheco Víctor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLagothrix flavicauda (Humboldt, 1812), commonly known as the yellow-tailed woolly monkey, is one of the largest New World primates. Its diet is based on fruits and leaves, and occasionally flowers, buds, epiphyte roots, invertebrates, and some vertebrates. It is endemic to the cloud forests of northern Peru, in Amazonas, San Martín, Huánuco, Junín, La Libertad, and Loreto departments at elevations from 1,000 to 2,800 m. It lives in groups of up to 30 individuals. Lagothrix flavicauda is listed as “Critically Endangered” (CR) by both the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and under Peruvian legislation, and on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Brain Structural Changes in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients: From the Perspectives of Structural Connectivity and Structural Covariance Network
Authors: Li Yu-Lin , Wu Jia-Jia , Ma Jie , Li Si-Si , Xue Xin , Wei Dong , Shan Chun-Lei , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Hua Xu-Yun , Xu Jian-Guang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. However, CTS-related changes of brain structural covariance and structural covariance networks (SCNs) patterns have not been clearly studied.

OBJECTIVE
To explore CTS-related brain changes from perspectives of structural connectivity and SCNs.

METHODS
Brain structural magnetic resonance images were acquired from 27 CTS patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs). Structural covariance and SCNs were constructed based on gray matter volume. The global network properties including clustering coefficient (Cp), characteristic path length (Lp), small-worldness index, global efficiency (Eglob), and local efficiency (Eloc) and regional network properties including degree, betweenness centrality (BC), and Eloc of a given node were calculated with graph theoretical analysis.

RESULTS
Compared with HCs, the strength of structural connectivity between the dorsal anterior insula and medial prefrontal thalamus decreased (P < .001) in CTS patients. There was no intergroup difference of area under the curve for Cp, Lp¸ Eglob, and Eloc (all P > .05). The real-world SCN of CTS patients showed a small-world topology ranging from 2% to 32%. CTS patients showed lower nodal degrees of the dorsal anterior insula and medial prefrontal thalamus, and higher Eloc of a given node and BC in the lateral occipital cortex (P < .001) and the dorsolateral middle temporal gyrus (P < .001) than HCs, respectively.

CONCLUSION
CTS had a profound impact on brain structures from perspectives of structural connectivity and SCNs.
Multimodal therapy of cavernous sinus meningioma: Impact of surgery and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-guided radiation therapy on tumor control and functional outcome
Authors: Hadi Indrawati , Biczok Annamaria , Terpolilli Nicole , Thorsteinsdottir Jun , Forbrig Robert , Albert Nathalie L , Yanchovski Petar , Zollner Barbara , Bodensohn Raphael , Corradini Stefanie , Bartenstein Peter , Belka Claus , Tonn Jörg-Christian , Schichor Christian , Niyazi Maximilian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Functional preservation in patients with WHO grade I meningioma involving the cavernous sinus (CSM) is crucial for long-term tumor control. Concise data on the functional outcome of an interdisciplinary, multimodal treatment are scarce. We analyzed functional outcome and tumor control in CSM patients following maximal safe resection (MSR), fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT), or combination of them, retrospectively.

Methods
Patients with WHO grade I CSM treated between 2003 and 2017 were included. Prior to FSRT, a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was performed for radiation planning. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test was performed to test differences between groups. Visual function was analyzed at baseline and follow-up.

Results
Eighty-five patients were included. MSR alone was performed in 48 patients (group A), MSR followed by FSRT in 25 patients (group B), and FSRT alone in 12 patients (group C). Intracranial tumor volumes were higher in A and B compared to C (median 9.2/10.8/4.3 ccm for A/B/C, P = .023). Median follow-up was 47/46/45 months and PFS at 5 years 55.7%, 100%, and 100% in A/B/C, respectively (P &lt; .001). Optic nerve compression was more common in A (91.7%) and B (84.0%) than C (16.7%), P &lt; .001. Post-therapeutic new onset or deterioration of double vision was observed in 29% (A), 17% (B), and 0% (C).

Conclusion
Personalized treatment strategies for CSM are essential to control space-occupying or functionally compromising lesions. The additional potential side effect of radiotherapy seems to be justified under the aspect of longer tumor control with low functional risk. Without space-occupying effect of CSM, FSRT alone is reasonably possible.
The design and evolution of fluorescent protein-based sensors for monoatomic ions in biology
Authors: Baek Kiheon , Ji Ke , Peng Weicheng , Liyanaarachchi Sureshee M , Dodani Sheel C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLiving cells rely on a finely tuned symphony of inorganic ion gradients composed of both cations and anions. This delicate balance is maintained by biological receptors all acting in concert to selectively recognize and position ions for homeostasis. These dynamic processes can be intercepted and visualized with optical microscopy at the organismal, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels using fluorescent protein-based biosensors. Since the first report of such tool for calcium (Ca2+) in 1997, outstanding biological questions and innovations in protein engineering along with associated fields have driven the development of new biosensors for Ca2+ and beyond. In this Review, we summarize a workflow that can be used to generate fluorescent protein-based biosensors to study monoatomic ions in biology. To showcase the scope of this approach, we highlight recent advances reported for Ca2+ biosensors and in detail discuss representative case studies of biosensors reported in the last four years for potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), copper (Cu2+/+), lanthanide (Ln3+) and chloride (Cl−) ions.
We Don’t Know Our Own Strength: A Survey of Strength Training Attitudes, Behaviors, and Knowledge in Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students
Authors: Handlery Reed , Shover Emma , Chhoun Thavi , Durant Lauren , Handlery Kaci , Harrington Shana E , Stock Matt S , Fritz Stacy L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Strength training is frequently utilized by physical therapists; however, there has been discussion about whether physical therapists utilize strength training adequately. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the strength training attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge of physical therapists and physical therapy students and to determine how participant characteristics influenced knowledge scores.

Methods
An anonymous survey was created in 3 rounds. For round 1, researchers used textbooks to create items assessing demographics, attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge regarding strength training. Rounds 2 and 3 consisted of feedback from 7 content experts until 80% consensus was reached; items were added, removed, or edited based on feedback. The final survey was distributed through social media, list servs, and email targeting physical therapists and students based in the United States. Response frequencies for all items were reported. Overall knowledge scores were calculated by summing correct responses for each item, with a maximum score of 13; scores &lt;70% were considered low. Binomial logistic regression determined which characteristics (demographics, attitudes, or behaviors) influenced whether participants adequately utilized strength training principles (scored ≥70% on knowledge items).

Results
There were 777 physical therapist and 648 student participants. Nearly 90% of therapists and students reported frequently prescribing strength training. Over 48% of therapists felt their professional education did not prepare them to apply strength training (compared with 24% of students), and 68% believed that strength training is inadequately applied in physical therapy (compared with 40% of students). Sixty-two percent of therapists and 55% of students scored ≥70% for knowledge items. Additional strength training education and regular participation in strength training increased the odds of scoring ≥70% on knowledge items.

Conclusion
Physical therapists and physical therapy students frequently prescribe strength training despite similarly low knowledge scores. To increase knowledge, greater emphasis on strength training in professional education, continuing education, participation in strength training, or all 3 is warranted.

Impact
Strength training is an important intervention used in physical therapy and must be used appropriately to improve the health of patients. According to these findings, strength training education may not currently be optimal, as demonstrated by low knowledge scores by both therapists and students. Further work is needed to determine how knowledge of strength training relates to patient outcomes and also how best to implement strength training in physical therapy education and practice.
Hypersingular Integral Equation Formulation of the Problem of Water Wave Scattering by A Circular Arc Shaped Impermeable Barrier Submerged in Water of Finite Depth
Authors: Mondal Dibakar , Samanta Anushree , Banerjea Sudeshna 
Published: August 2021

Summary
In this article, we study the problem of scattering of water waves by a thin impermeable circular arc shaped barrier submerged in ocean of finite depth under the assumption of linearised theory of water waves. The problem is formulated in terms of a hypersingular integral equation of an unknown function representing the difference of potential function across the curved barrier. The hypersingular integral equation is then solved by using two numerical methods. The first method is BEM where the domain and range of integral equation are discretised into small line segments and the unknown function satisfying the integral equation is assumed to be constant in each small subinterval. This reduces the integral equations to a system of algebraic equations which is then solved to obtain the unknown function in each sub-interval. The second method is collocation method where the unknown function is expanded in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of second kind. Choosing the collocation points suitably, the integral equation is reduced to a system of algebraic equations which is then solved to obtain the unknown function satisfying the hypersingular integral equation. The physical quantities of interest viz, the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficients, which are expressed in terms of the solution of the hypersingular integral equation, are computed by both the methods. The comparison of the reflection coefficient by the two methods shows reasonably good agreement. The reflection coefficient is depicted graphically against the wave number. The graphical results show that the size, position of the barrier and the depth of the water region has some effect on the reflected and transmitted wave.
The past futures of techno-scientific promises
Authors: Joly Pierre-Benoit , Le Renard Claire 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that techno-scientific promises play key roles in the process of emergence of new technologies. The role of promises in the emergence of old technologies when they were young has, however, been overlooked. The main objective of this paper is to fill this gap. We draw on the concept of ‘regime of historicity’, defined as an organizational structure given societies impose on the experience of time and articulate the present, the past, and the future. Using four case studies, we argue that the way techno-scientific promises align with regimes of historicity is crucial. This paper shows that promising in the presentist regime using the modernist frame of innovation (creative destruction) raises many problems Instead, the building of horizons of hope may rest on promises based on processes of collective experimentation.