bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intelligent fault‐tolerant routing scheme for Internet of Things‐enabled wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chanak Prasenjit , Banerjee Indrajit , Bose Sagar 
Published: August 2021

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the nonnegligible ingredients in any Internet of Things (IoT)‐based system. Fault tolerance in the IoT‐enabled WSNs is an essential part of avoiding harmful actions. Many approaches are reported in the literature on fault detection and fault tolerance for WSNs. However, they either consume additional energy to identify and tolerate failures or use extra hardware and software resources. This paper proposes an intelligent fault tolerance routing scheme for IoT‐enabled WSNs that significantly improves the QoS of the IoT‐enabled WSNs. We propose a novel two‐population z‐test‐based fault detection mechanism to detect faulty nodes in the networks. Furthermore, an intelligent routing scheme is proposed that reuses different partially faulty nodes to tolerate faults within the network. An extensive experiment on the proposed intelligent fault tolerance routing scheme is performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. Experiment results are compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of false‐positive rate, false alarm rate, fault detection accuracy, energy consumption, fault detection accuracy, and network lifetime.
Cannabis use impacts pre‐stimulus neural activity in the visual cortices of people with HIV
Authors: Christopher‐Hayes Nicholas J. , Lew Brandon J. , Wiesman Alex I. , Schantell Mikki , O'Neill Jennifer , May Pamela E. , Swindells Susan , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeople with HIV (PWH) use cannabis at a higher rate than the general population, but the influence on neural activity is not well characterized. Cannabis use among PWH may have a beneficial effect, as neuroinflammation is known to be a critical problem in PWH and cannabis use has been associated with a reduction in proinflammatory markers. Thus, it is important to understand the net impact of cannabis use on brain and cognitive function in PWH. In this study, we collected magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging data on 81 participants split across four demographically matched groups (i.e., PWH using cannabis, controls using cannabis, non‐using PWH, and non‐using controls). Participants completed a visuospatial processing task during MEG. Time–frequency resolved voxel time series were extracted to identify the dynamics of oscillatory and pre‐stimulus baseline neural activity. Our results indicated strong theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (10–16 Hz), and gamma (62–72 Hz) visual oscillations in parietal–occipital brain regions across all participants. PWH exhibited significant behavioral deficits in visuospatial processing, as well as reduced theta oscillations and elevated pre‐stimulus gamma activity in visual cortices, all of which replicate prior work. Strikingly, chronic cannabis use was associated with a significant reduction in pre‐stimulus gamma activity in the visual cortices, such that PWH no longer statistically differed from controls. These results provide initial evidence that cannabis use may normalize some neural aberrations in PWH. This study fills an important gap in understanding the impact of cannabis use on brain and cognitive function in PWH.
Investigation of MHD Casson fluid flow past a vertical porous plate under the influence of thermal diffusion and chemical reaction
Authors: Kodi Raghunath , Mopuri Obulesu , Sree Sujatha , Konduru Venkateswaraju 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper presented here discloses a detailed analytical study as to how the Casson fluid flows with characteristic properties of heat and mass transfer in an unsteady convective magnetohydrodynamic environment under the influence of thermal diffusion and chemical reaction. With the said characteristics, the fluid flows past over an oscillating vertical plate. The applicable partial differential equations are solved analytically using the perturbation technique and numerically using Matlab software. With the help of velocity, temperature and concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are obtained and represented in tabular form. One of the important findings of this analysis includes that intensification in the Newtonian heating effect causes a gradual downfall in the rate of heat transfer at the plate and the concentration of the fluid decreases under the impact of a chemical reaction. Their physicochemical features have been dealt with in detail. This fluid flow model has several industrial applications in the fields of chemicals, polymers, medical sciences, and so forth.
Evaluating the long‐term ecohydrological suitability of restoration efforts in a typical watershed of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Sun Miao , Yan Chengsheng , Zhao Nana , Zhao Xining , Gao Xuerui , Lian Yingxin , Yuan Yujie , Yang Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe vegetation growth of the Loess Plateau is often restricted by water, which seriously threatens the water sustainability of regional ecosystem. In order to clarify the relationship between supply and demand of vegetation water use after Grain for Green Project, this study selected Malian River Basin as the research area and calculated the vegetation water use and water demand using the eco‐hydrological model. The results showed that the annual water demand of the basin was 570 mm, while the average annual water supply was only 294 mm, accounting only for 52.0% of the demand. From 2000 to 2018, the temporal and spatial matching degree of water supply and demand in the Malian River Basin were 0.63 and 0.65, respectively. On the whole, the water resources in Malian River Basin can basically support the growth of vegetation, but in some areas are not sustainable. Water resources in the southern region can only barely maintain the normal growth of vegetation under the current conditions, so it is not recommended to carry out new plantation in this area. The evaluation of matching degree in the northern from January to April is poor, so it is necessary to appropriately reduce the planting area of economic crops and replace it with planting herbaceous plants with small water consumption in Spring. Compared with the current conditions, under the future climate scenarios of ssp126 and ssp585, the Malian River Basin will show a trend of warming and humidification. The temporal matching degree of water supply and demand also significantly improved to 0.83 and 0.92, indicating that even if the planting structure did not change significantly, water supply would gradually meet the needs of vegetation. The study results can provide the basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable vegetation restoration policies.
Propyl gallate decreases the proliferation of Calu‐6 and A549 lung cancer cells via affecting reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels
Authors: Park Woo Hyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPropyl gallate (3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, PG) has an anti‐proliferative effect in various cells. In this study, Calu‐6 and A549 lung cancer cells were used to examine the anti‐proliferative effect of PG in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. PG (100–1,600 μM) dose‐dependently inhibited the proliferation of Calu‐6 and A549 cells at 24 h, and PG at 800–1,600 μM strongly induced cell death in both cell lines. PG (800–1,600 μM) increased cellular metabolism in Calu‐6 but not A549 cells at 4 h. PG either increased or decreased ROS levels, including O2˙−and ˙OH, depending on the incubation doses and times of 1 or 24 h. Even these effects differed between Calu‐6 and A549 cell types. PG reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Calu‐6 cells, and it augmented the activity of catalase in A549 cells. PG dose‐dependently increased the number of GSH depleted cells in both Calu‐6 and A549 cells at 24 h. In addition, PG decreased GSH levels in both lung cancer cells at 1 h. Furthermore, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC; an inhibitor of SOD) and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (AT; an inhibitor of catalase) differently affected cellular metabolism, ROS and GSH levels in PG‐treated and PG‐untreated Calu‐6 and A549 cells at 1 h. In conclusion, PG dose‐dependently decreased the proliferation of Calu‐6 and A549 lung cancer cells, which was related to changes in ROS levels and the depletion of GSH.
A nationwide population‐based study on therapeutic plasma exchange for 10 years in Korea using Health Insurance Review and Assessment database
Authors: Park Jae Hyeon , Kim Hyung Woo , Chung Hee‐Jung , Kim Hyungsuk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionIndications for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) have expanded over the years, and the number of procedures is expected to have been increased. Apheresis registries can be difficult to sustain due to workload and privacy issues. This study aimed to analyze national claims data to characterize the use of TPE.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent TPE were retrospectively identified between January 2008 and December 2017 from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Data of patients' characteristics, primary diagnosis, hospitalization, treatment, and procedures were analyzed.ResultsA total of 9944 patients underwent 62 606 TPE procedures. The median number of TPE procedures performed per patient was 5 (interquartile range, 3‐7). Fresh frozen plasma (71.4%) was most commonly used as the replacement fluid. The most common indication was renal diseases (36.8%), followed by hepato‐biliary (17.6%) and hematological (15.2%) diseases. Increased frequency of renal diseases was the most remarkable change, which increased from 529 (21.2%) procedures in 2008 to 4107 (44.5%) procedures in 2017, reflecting the widespread implementation of ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation. The top five hospitals conducted 59.6% of the procedures, which showed a centralized distribution.ConclusionsThe most common indication was renal diseases. The number of TPE procedures performed annually increased by approximately 3.7 times from 2008 to 2017. This study shows that other than a registry, claims data can be successfully used to analyze various aspects of TPE procedures on a nationwide scale. This approach could be used by other countries, especially those that have national health insurance.
Study of the inhibition effect of two novel synthesized amido‐amine‐based cationic surfactants on aluminum corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solution
Authors: Seyam Doaa F. , H. Tantawy Ahmed , Eid Salah , El‐Etre Ali Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo novel amido‐amine‐based cationic surfactants, namely, 3‐decanamido‐N,N,N‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium methyl sulfate (DAMS) and N‐(3‐decanamidopropyl)‐N,N‐dimethylbutan‐1‐aminium bromide (DABB) were prepared and their chemical structures were elucidated via various spectroscopic tools. The surface activities of the targeted prepared surfactants were investigated. Utilizing potentiodynamic polarization, hydrogen evolution, and weight loss methods, the inhibition impact of both synthesized surfactants on aluminum corrosion in solution with 0.5 M HCl was studied. The effect of raising both temperature and surfactant concentration on the inhibition efficiency was studied and the thermodynamic functions were calculated and clarified. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted widely with the empirical data. At all concentrations and temperatures, it was found that the inhibition efficiency for DAMS is greater than that of DABB.
Electrochemical control of luminescence color using luminescent leuco dye derivatives
Authors: Nakamura Kazuki , Yanagawa Namiko , Kobayashi Norihisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochemical switching of luminescence color, that is, electrofluorochromism, has received increasing attention because of its extensive applications. In this study, we investigate the combination of a luminescent EC molecule and a blue luminescent molecule to achieve electrochemical control of luminescence color by controlling the energy transfer through an electrochromic reaction. We employed a functional leuco dye (Yellow‐1), which shows yellow coloration and green emission by electrochemical oxidation, and 2,5‐bis(5‐tert‐butyl‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)thiophene (BBT), which shows strong blue luminescence upon photoexcitation. Using this combination, the blue photoluminescence of the BBT molecule can be electrochemically modulated by the EC reaction of the Yellow‐1 molecule, allowing the control of the luminescence color between blue and green emissions through electrochemical reactions.
Simultaneous determination of nine tyrosine kinase inhibitors in three complex biological matrices by using high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection combined with a second‐order calibration method
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Yang , Wu Hai‐Long , Chang Yue‐Yue , Wang Tong , Chen Wei , Tong Gao‐Yan , Yu Ru‐Qin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn intelligent chemometric second‐order calibration method called alternating trilinear decomposition‐ assisted multivariate curve resolution combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection was used for the simultaneous quantification of nine tyrosine kinase inhibitors in three complex biological systems. The method allows simultaneous quantification of the components in different biological matrices without the need for cumbersome pre‐treatment steps, complex elution conditions, and complete peak separation. Even with the varying time shift, severe peak overlap, and various unknown interferences, the proposed method can extract pure chromatographic and spectroscopic information for each analyte, while providing accurate qualitative and quantitative results of nine common tyrosine kinase inhibitors in three different biological matrices. All the drugs were eluted in 7 min. The results showed that the nine drugs in each matrix showed good linearity (r > 0.984) in the calibration range with a root mean square error of calibration less than 0.9 μg/mL. The average spiked recoveries of the target analytes were all in the range of 83.4–110.0%, with standard deviations less than 9.0%. Finally, the classical method was used to validate the proposed method. In comparison to the traditional method, the proposed strategy is accuracy, simultaneous, and interference‐free.
What drives a donor? A machine learning‐based approach for predicting responses of nonprofit direct marketing campaigns
Authors: Cacciarelli Davide , Boresta Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDirect marketing campaigns are one of the main fundraising sources for nonprofit organizations and their effectiveness is crucial for the sustainability of the organizations. The response rate of these campaigns is the result of the complex interaction between several factors, such as the theme of the campaign, the month in which the campaign is launched, the history of past donations from the potential donor, as well as several other variables. This work, applied on relevant data gathered from the World Wide Fund for Nature Italian marketing department, undertakes different data mining approaches in order to predict future donors and non‐donors, thus allowing for optimization in the target selection for future campaigns, reducing its overall costs. The main challenge of this research is the presence of thoroughly imbalanced classes, given the low percentage of responses per total items sent. Different techniques that tackle this problem have been applied. Their effectiveness in avoiding a biased classification, which is normally tilted in favor of the most populated class, will be highlighted. Finally, this work shows and compares the classification results obtained with the combination of sampling techniques and Decision Trees, ensemble methods, and Artificial Neural Networks. The testing approach follows a walk‐forward validation procedure, which simulates a production environment and reveals the ability to accurately classify each future campaign.
C‐section birth increases offspring obesity risk dependent on maternal diet and obesity status in rats
Authors: Cho Nicole A. , Sales Kate M. , Sampsell Kara , Wang Weilan , Noye Tuplin Erin W. , Lowry Dana E. , Reimer Raylene A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that shapes host metabolism, especially in early life. Maternal vaginal and gut microbiota is vertically transmitted to offspring during natural birth. Offspring born by cesarean section (CS) do not receive these bacteria and exhibit higher obesity risk later in life. The objective of this study was to examine differences in obesity risk between offspring born naturally (NB) or by CS to lean/obese dams.MethodsLean and obese rat dams gave birth to offspring naturally or by CS. Offspring obesity risk was analyzed via body weight/composition, food intake, sucrose preference, gut microbiota, and gene expression in gut and brain tissues.ResultsObese (O)+CS offspring showed greater weight gain and caloric intake but a reduction in hypothalamic agouti related neuropeptide, neuropeptide Y, and interleukin 1β expression compared with O+NB offspring. Lean (L)+CS offspring had higher serum corticosterone concentration and reduced liver peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ expression compared with L+NB. O+CS offspring had long‐term alterations to gut microbiota, including increased relative abundance of Faecalibaculum and reduced Muribaculaceae.ConclusionsOverall, CS alters obesity risk differentially based on maternal obesity status. Further studies looking at the risks of obesity associated with CS are needed, with special attention paid to maternal obesity status and gut microbiota.
Acetonitrile allows indirect replacement of nondeuterated lipid detergents by deuterated lipid detergents for the nuclear magnetic resonance study of detergent‐soluble proteins
Authors: Wang Xiao , Chen Xiaowei , Nonin‐Lecomte Sylvie , Bouaziz Serge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDetergent‐soluble proteins (DSPs) are commonly dissolved in lipid buffers for NMR experiments, but the huge lipid proton signal prevents recording of high‐quality spectra. The use of costly deuterated lipids is thus required to replace nondeuterated ones. With conventional methods, detergents like dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) cannot be fully exchanged due to their high binding affinity to hydrophobic proteins. We propose an original and simple protocol which combines the use of acetonitrile, dialysis and lyophilization to disrupt the binding of lipids to the protein and allow their indirect replacement by their deuterated equivalents, while maintaining the native structure of the protein. Moreover, by this protocol, the detergent‐to‐protein molar ratio can be controlled as it challenges the protein structure. This protocol was applied to solubilize the Vpx protein that was followed upon addition of DPC‐d38 by 1H‐15N SOFAST‐HMQC spectra and the best detergent‐to‐DSPs molar ratio was obtained for structural studies.
Daily flow intermittence in an effluent‐dependent river: Impacts of flow duration and recession rate on fish stranding
Authors: Eppehimer Drew E. , Enger Brandon J. , Ebenal Anton E. , Rocha Erasmo P. , Bogan Michael T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTreated wastewater, also known as effluent, is discharged into streambeds where it can augment or create aquatic habitat in arid regions. However, discharge fluctuations can result in daily stream drying and rewetting. In this study, we documented flow intermittence and resulting fish stranding and mortality over a 12‐week period on an effluent‐dependent reach of the lower Santa Cruz River in Tucson, Arizona, USA. We hypothesized that fish stranding would be positively related to the duration of flow prior to drying (increased recolonization potential) and flow recession rates (increased stranding likelihood). Using trail cameras, we monitored drying duration and extent along a 2.1‐km reach of river known to experience flow intermittence and counted stranded fish once a week. Drying extent varied widely (range: 0–1.88 km) and averaged 0.79 km ± 0.14 SE. We observed a total of 323 fish strandings across the 12 weeks (range: 0–74 individuals per day; mean: 26.9 ± 8.3 SE). Ninety‐nine percent of observed fish were Poeciliidae (63% of which were fry), including non‐native western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). The recession rate was a positive predictor for the daily stranding count of poeciliids (p = .008). Flow duration was not significant (p = .100) but was included in the top model (R2 = 0.782). As urban development continues, the discharge of effluent into rivers and streams will become more common throughout the world. Continued research is needed to understand the benefits and challenges presented by these effluent‐driven flow regimes, including their impacts on aquatic taxa.
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastics Achira (Canna indica L.) Starch by Three Succination Methods
Authors: Cabrera Canales Zaira Esmeralda , Velazquez Gonzalo , Gómez Aldapa Carlos Alberto , Fonseca Florido Heidi Andrea , Hernández Hernández Ernesto , González Morones Pablo , Méndez Montealvo Ma. Guadalupe , Rodríguez Marín María Luisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoplastic starches (TPS) from achira, succinated to 3% and 5% octenyl succinate anhydrous (OSA) using aqueous medium, reactive extrusion (REX), and in situ are developed (TPS 3A, TPS 5A, TPS 3R, TPS 5R, TPS 3I, and TPS I5). The physicochemical properties are studied to explore the effect of different methods applied to modified thermoplastic starches. Analysis of infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance of proton shows that the methods used in succination are effective in esterifying starches. REX and the in situ method make it possible to obtain materials with higher degree of substitution (DS), from 0.011 to 0.050, affecting thermoplasticization. The aqueous method promotes greater thermal stability, TPS 3A and TPS 5A are degraded at temperature ranges from 135 to 279 °C and shows a pattern similar to counterpart native TPS 0 (sample control), unlike the REX and the in situ method, both of them beginning degrading at lower temperature values than all starches. Mechanical properties and contact angle are influenced by the processing method and not by DS or glycerol content. All achira TPS developed are a feasible alternative for application in the industry dedicated to the processing of bioplastics.
Synthesis of biomass‐based plasticizer with excellent durability for high transparent polyvinyl chloride film
Authors: Chu Hong‐ying , Li Hua‐bei , Sun Xiao‐yan , Zhang Yao‐wang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to synthesis biomass‐based plasticizer epoxy p‐phenylenedioleic acid ester (EPAE) using linoleic acid as raw materials via esterification and epoxidation. EPAE was used as main plasticizer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to replace diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). The plasticizing effect of EPEA on the performance of PVC films was investigated. The results showed that epoxy groups were covalently bonded on branched chains of EPAE. EPAE play a plasticizing role by forming hydrogen bond between epoxy group and a‐hydrogen on PVC. When the mass of EPAE was 0.8 g in 2 g PVC, Tg of flexible PVC reached 36.1°C, the elongation at break of flexible PVC was 321.12 ± 6.13%, while the tensile strength reached 19.45 ± 1.35%. The transmittance of DIBP‐0.8 and EPAE‐0.8 at 800 nm is nearly 70%, indicating relatively high homogeneous amorphous aggregation structures. EPAE showed marginal resistance to volatilization and solvent extraction. The mechanism behind the results was discussed.