bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Evaluating Social Determinants of Health Screening and Referrals for Assistance
Authors: Chagin Kevin , Choate Franklin , Cook Karen , Fuehrer Susan , Misak James E. , Sehgal Ashwini R. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction/Objectives: Many health systems screen patients for social determinants of health and refer patients with social needs to community service organizations for assistance. We developed a framework based on sequential steps to evaluate this process. Methods: We reviewed efforts by The MetroHealth System in Cleveland, Ohio and identified 6 sequential steps: patient screened, has social needs, consents to referral to a service organization, referral placed, referral accepted, and referral outcome. Referral outcomes were categorized as resolved (organization provided requested service or patient self-resolved problem), or unresolved (patient unable to be contacted or declined assistance). We then determined the numbers of patients with food insecurity who completed each step, how completion differed by patient characteristics and service organization, and reasons for failure to complete specific steps. Results: We used the framework to evaluate screening and assistance steps among 5741 patients who attended a COVID-19 vaccine clinic from February 15-March 31, 2021 and were followed through April 30, 2021. The percentage of patients who completed each step ranged from 17-98%. Step completion differed by patient age, patient race, and clinic. Of 360 referrals accepted by community organizations, 98 (27%) were resolved. The most common reasons for unresolved referrals were inability of service organization to contact patients (151), no reason stated (71), and patients declined service (30). Conclusions: A framework based on sequential steps may be used to evaluate social determinants of health screening and assistance programs. Further work is needed to address reasons for failure to complete steps, to include patient perspectives, and to determine long-term outcomes.
Experimental and numerical study on the screw connection strength of bamboo-oriented strand board compared with wood-oriented strand board
Authors: Zhang Kaiting , Wang Fuli , Xu Runmin , Fan Xinhui , Yan Bin , Li Chuangye , Liu Shengquan , Guo Yong , Chen Yuxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe utilization of resourceful bamboo can alleviate the wood shortage problem. Bamboo-oriented strand board (BOSB) with the highest utilization of bamboo ratio and excellent mechanical properties was considered as a good engineering and furniture material. The strength of joints affects the safety of BOSB structure. This study aims to investigate the effect of screw spacing on the tensile and compressive stiffness and strength of corner joints from BOSB by experimental method combined with finite element method (FEM) compared with wood-oriented strand board (WOSB). The results showed that (1) the strength and stiffness of the corner joint was significantly affected by the screw spacing, and it affected the compressive strength and stiffness of WOSB more significantly; (2) the bending moment and stiffness coefficient of BOSB compressed joint decreased with the increase of spacing, while that of tensile joint increased first and then decreased, and it reached the maximum value, when the spacing was 48 mm; (3) compared with WOSB joint, BOSB joint had higher strength and stiffness, and the failure of the joint was due to the yielding of self-drilling screws. This was also verified by numerical analysis results; (4) the bending moment of BOSB joints was about 2.5 times that of WOSB joints, while the difference between stiffness coefficient was small; (5) the elastic deformations resulted from experimental tests and FEM are similar. It was shown that when the screw spacing is 48 mm, the Von Mises stresses on the BOSB joint were smaller, and the bending strength and stiffness were larger, which was the most suitable screw spacing.
Transcriptomic analysis of resistance and short-term induction response to pyrethroids, in Anopheles coluzzii legs
Authors: Kefi M. , Charamis J. , Balabanidou V. , Ioannidis P. , Ranson H. , Ingham V. A. , Vontas J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying comprise the major control measures against Anopheles gambiae sl, the dominant vector in sub-Saharan Africa. The primary site of contact with insecticide is through the mosquitoes’ legs, which represents the first barrier insecticides have to bypass to reach their neuronal targets. Proteomic changes and leg cuticle modifications have been associated with insecticide resistance that may reduce the rate of penetration of insecticides. Here, we performed a multiple transcriptomic analyses focusing on An. coluzzii legs.

Results
Firstly, leg-specific enrichment analysis identified 359 genes including the pyrethroid-binder SAP2 and 2 other chemosensory proteins, along with 4 ABCG transporters previously shown to be leg enriched. Enrichment of gene families included those involved in detecting chemical stimuli, including gustatory and ionotropic receptors and genes implicated in hydrocarbon-synthesis.
Subsequently, we compared transcript expression in the legs of a highly resistant strain (VK7-HR) to both a strain with very similar genetic background which has reverted to susceptibility after several generations without insecticide pressure (VK7-LR) and a lab susceptible population (NG). Two hundred thirty-two differentially expressed genes (73 up-regulated and 159 down-regulated) were identified in the resistant strain when compared to the two susceptible counterparts, indicating an over-expression of phase I detoxification enzymes and cuticular proteins, with decrease in hormone-related metabolic processes in legs from the insecticide resistant population.
Finally, we analysed the short-term effect of pyrethroid exposure on An. coluzzii legs, comparing legs of 1 h-deltamethrin-exposed An. coluzzii (VK7-IN) to those of unexposed mosquitoes (VK7-HR) and identified 348 up-regulated genes including those encoding for GPCRs, ABC transporters, odorant-binding proteins and members of the divergent salivary gland protein family.

Conclusions
The data on An. coluzzii leg-specific transcriptome provides valuable insights into the first line of defense in pyrethroid resistant and short-term deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Our results suggest that xenobiotic detoxification is likely occurring in legs, while the enrichment of sensory proteins, ABCG transporters and cuticular genes is also evident. Constitutive resistance is primarily associated with elevated levels of detoxification and cuticular genes, while short-term insecticide-induced tolerance is linked with overexpression of transporters, GPCRs and GPCR-related genes, sensory/binding and salivary gland proteins.
A high-continuity and annotated tomato reference genome
Authors: Su Xiao , Wang Baoan , Geng Xiaolin , Du Yuefan , Yang Qinqin , Liang Bin , Meng Ge , Gao Qiang , Yang Wencai , Zhu Yingfang , Lin Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Genetic and functional genomics studies require a high-quality genome assembly. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), an important horticultural crop, is an ideal model species for the study of fruit development.

Results
Here, we assembled an updated reference genome of S. lycopersicum cv. Heinz 1706 that was 799.09 Mb in length, containing 34,384 predicted protein-coding genes and 65.66% repetitive sequences. By comparing the genomes of S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium LA2093, we found a large number of genomic fragments probably associated with human selection, which may have had crucial roles in the domestication of tomato. We also used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to generate a high-density genetic map with high resolution and accuracy. Using these resources, we identified a number of candidate genes that were likely to be related to important agronomic traits in tomato.

Conclusion
Our results offer opportunities for understanding the evolution of the tomato genome and will facilitate the study of genetic mechanisms in tomato biology.
Transcriptome comparative analysis of ovarian follicles reveals the key genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg production
Authors: Sun Xue , Chen Xiaoxia , Zhao Jinghua , Ma Chang , Yan Chunchi , Liswaniso Simushi , Xu Rifu , Qin Ning 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Ovarian follicle development plays an important role in determination of poultry egg production. The follicles at the various developmental stages possess their own distinct molecular genetic characteristics and have different biological roles in chicken ovary development and function. In the each stage, several genes of follicle-specific expression and biological pathways are involved in the vary-sized follicular development and physiological events. Identification of the pivotal genes and signaling pathways that control the follicular development is helpful for understanding their exact regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms underlying egg-laying traits of laying hens.

Results
The comparative mRNA transcriptomic analysis of ovarian follicles at three key developmental stages including slow growing white follicles (GWF), small yellow follicles (SYF) of recruitment into the hierarchy, and differentiated large yellow follicles (LYF), was accomplished in the layers with lower and higher egg production. Totally, 137, 447, and 229 of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 99, 97, and 157 of down-regulated DEGs in the GWF, SYF and LYF follicles, including VIPR1, VIPR2, ADRB2, and HSD17B1 were identified, respectively. Moreover, NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 genes, two most promising candidates potentially associated with egg-laying performance were screened out from the 13 co-expressed DEGs in the GWF, SYF and LYF samples. We further investigated the biological effects of NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 on ovarian follicular development and found that NDUFAB1 promotes follicle development by stimulating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis, increases the expression of CCND1 and BCL-2 but attenuates the expression of caspase-3, and facilitates steroidogenesis by enhancing the expression of STAR and CYP11A1. In contrast, GABRA1 inhibits GC proliferation and stimulates cell apoptosis, decreases the expression of CCND1, BCL-2, STAR, and CYP11A1 but elevates the expression of caspase-3. Furthermore, the three crucial signaling pathways such as PPAR signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were significantly enriched, which may play essential roles in ovarian follicle growth, differentiation, follicle selection, and maturation.

Conclusions
The current study provided new molecular data for insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying ovarian follicle development associated with egg production in chicken.
Regulation of CcpA on the growth and organic acid production characteristics of ruminal Streptococcus bovis at different pH
Authors: Jin Yaqian , Wang Chao , Fan Yaotian , Elmhadi Mawda , Zhang Ying , Wang Hongrong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Catabolite control protein A (CcpA) regulates the transcription of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate-lyase in Streptococcus bovis, but knowledge of its role in response to different pH is still limited. In this study, a ccpA-knockout strain of S. bovis S1 was constructed and then used to examine the effects of ccpA gene deletion on the growth and fermentation characteristics of S. bovis S1 at pH 5.5 or 6.5.

Results
There was a significant interaction between strain and pH for the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and growth lag period (λ), which caused a lowest μmax and a longest λ in ccpA-knockout strain at pH 5.5. Deletion of ccpA decreased the concentration and molar percentage of lactic acid, while increased those of formic acid. Strains at pH 5.5 had decreased concentrations of lactic acid and formic acid compared to pH 6.5. The significant interaction between strain and pH caused the highest production of total organic acids and acetic acid in ccpA-knockout strain at pH 6.5. The activities of α-amylase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased in ccpA-knockout strain compared to the wild-type strain, and increased at pH 5.5 compared to pH 6.5. There was a significant interaction between strain and pH for the activity of acetate kinase, which was the highest in the ccpA-knockout strain at pH 6.5. The expression of pyruvate formate-lyase and acetate kinase was higher in the ccpA-knockout strain compared to wild-type strain. The lower pH improved the relative expression of pyruvate formate-lyase, while had no effect on the relative expression of acetate kinase. The strain × pH interaction was significant for the relative expression of lactate dehydrogenase and α-amylase, both of which were highest in the wild-type strain at pH 5.5 and lowest in the ccpA-knockout strain at pH 6.5.

Conclusions
Overall, low pH inhibited the growth of S. bovis S1, but did not affect the fermentation pattern. CcpA regulated S. bovis S1 growth and organic acid fermentation pattern. Moreover, there seemed to be an interaction effect between pH and ccpA deletion on regulating the growth and organic acids production of S. bovis S1.
Factors associated with undertriage in patients classified by the need to visit a hospital by telephone triage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Inokuchi Ryota , Jin Xueying , Iwagami Masao , Abe Toshikazu , Ishikawa Masatoshi , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Prehospital telephone triage stratifies patients into five categories, “need immediate hospital visit by ambulance,” “need to visit a hospital within 1 hour,” “need to visit a hospital within 6 hours,” “need to visit a hospital within 24 hours,” and “do not need a hospital visit” in Japan. However, studies on whether present and past histories cause undertriage are limited in patients triaged as need an early hospital visit. We investigated factors associated with undertriage by comparing patient assessed to be appropriately triaged with those assessed undertriaged.

Methods
We included all patients classified by telephone triage as need to visit a hospital within 1 h and 6 h who used a single after-hours house call (AHHC) medical service in Tokyo, Japan, between November 1, 2019, and November 31, 2020. After home consultation, AHHC doctors classified patients as grade 1 (treatable with over-the-counter medications), 2 (requires hospital or clinic visit), or 3 (requires ambulance transportation). Patients classified as grade 2 and 3 were defined as appropriately triaged and undertriaged, respectively.

Results
We identified 10,742 eligible patients triaged as need to visit a hospital within 1 h and 6 h, including 10,479 (97.6%) appropriately triaged and 263 (2.4%) undertriaged patients. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed patients aged 16–64, 65–74, and ≥ 75 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.40 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.71–3.36], 8.57 [95% CI 4.83–15.2], and 14.9 [95% CI 9.65–23.0], respectively; reference patients aged < 15 years); those with diabetes mellitus (2.31 [95% CI 1.25–4.26]); those with dementia (2.32 [95% CI 1.05–5.10]); and those with a history of cerebral infarction (1.98 [95% CI 1.01–3.87]) as more likely to be undertriaged.

Conclusions
We found that older adults and patients with diabetes mellitus, dementia, or a history of cerebral infarction were at risk of undertriage in patients triaged as need to visit a hospital within 1 h and 6 h, but further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Nosocomial infections in an Iranian educational hospital: an evaluation study of the Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system
Authors: Pezhman Bagheri , Fatemeh Rezaei , Amir Roodgari , Mahboobeh Rokhsari , Mohammad Fararouei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNosocomial infection (NI) or cross-infection is a major health problem in hospitals worldwide.AimThis study aimed to report the status of NIs and to evaluate the Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system (INISS) in a teaching hospital in the south of Iran.MethodsThis is a comparative historical study on the records of hospital admitted patients from 2018 to 2019. Data on patients who were diagnosed with NI was extracted from the INISS database. The database includes data on the incidence of different types of NIs in each hospital ward, the patient’s infection outcome, the agents involved, and the site of infection.ResultsThe results indicated that the rate of NI (cases of NI/ 100 admissions) in the hospital was %2.95. The highest rate of NIs was reported from ICUs. Of the infected patients, 45.61% were female, 98.95% had underlying diseases, and 30.88% died due to nosocomial infections. The median (IQR) of the duration of hospital stay among infected patients was 13 (7–18). The most common site of infection was VAE (ventilator-associated events) (39.40%) and the most common isolated agent, irrespective of the organ involved, wasAcinetobacter(spp.) (22.75%).ConclusionsWe reported ICU andAcinetobacter(spp.) as the most affected ward and most common agent involved in recorded NIs respectively. The rate of NI in the study hospital was exceptionally low when compared to its counterparts in a few other developed countries. The INISS needs to be further evaluated with regard to the completeness and representativeness of the surveillance system. Also, we need to evaluate the adherence to the INISS guidelines among staff and physicians in reporting the NIs.
Changes in mental health during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study among Polish university students
Authors: Rogowska Aleksandra M. , Ochnik Dominika , Kuśnierz Cezary , Chilicka Karolina , Jakubiak Monika , Paradowska Maria , Głazowska Luiza , Bojarski Dawid , Fijołek Julia , Podolak Marcin , Tomasiewicz Maciej , Nowicka Dominika , Kawka Marek , Grabarczyk Maksymilian , Babińska Zuzanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Research indicates that mental health worsened during the Coronavirus crisis, in particular among women and university students. However, few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the changes in mental health outcomes across three subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to examine changes in mental health among university students.

Methods
A total of 1,961university students from Poland, at mean age 23.23 years (SD = 3.16, 57.47% of women) were included in this repeated cross-sectional study across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: W1 (n = 657), W2 (n = 654), and W3 (n = 650). They completed the online survey with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), General Self-Rated Health (GSRH), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), as well as sociodemographic variables.

Results
The prevalence of people at high risk of anxiety and perceived stress, poorer physical health, and low life satisfaction changed significantly across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed that both the wave (W1<W2<W3) and gender (men<women) had a significant impact on the level of anxiety. Statistically significant changes in perceived stress were found between pandemic waves (W1>W2, W1>W3), and genders (men<women). Self-reported physical health significantly deteriorated in W3 compared to W1 and W2 (W1>W3, W2>W3), and was significantly worse in women than in men. The level of life satisfaction also decreased significantly in W3 (W1>W3, W2>W3), but did not differ between men and women. High GAD risk was presented two times more frequently among women and people who subjectively assessed their health as poor, three times more likely in participants dissatisfied with their lives, and seven times more probably in persons with high-stress levels.

Conclusions
The results of this study consistently indicate (using parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis) that there are significant differences in mental health problems across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that pandemic waves should be considered in future review studies and meta-analyses. Furthermore, these findings indicate a potential role for prevention and intervention programs aimed at alleviating life satisfaction and subjective assessment of health and improving coping skills to reduce stress and anxiety.
Agenda-setting of tobacco control policy in Iran: a retrospective policy analysis study
Authors: Ravaghi Hamid , Tourani Sogand , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim , Aghapour Baharak , Pishgoo Azita , Arabloo Jalal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of tobacco use, especially hookah, has increased in Iran In recent years, particularly among young people and women, and the age of onset of use has decreased. Tobacco use is the fourth leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases in Iran. These issues cause concerns in the country and led to the present study on tobacco control agenda-setting in Iran over a 30-year timeframe.

Methods
We conducted this retrospective analytical study to investigate process analysis in Iran using Kingdon’s multiple-streams framework (MSF). We collected the data using semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 36) and reviewing policy documents (n > 100). Then, we analyzed the policy documents and in-depth interviews using the document and framework analysis method. We used MAXQDA 11 software to classify and analyze the data.

Results
Iran’s accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) opened a window of opportunity for tobacco control. The policy window opens when all three streams have already been developed. The adoption of the comprehensive law on the national control and campaign against tobacco in the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 2006 is a turning point in tobacco control activities in Iran.

Conclusions
The tobacco control agenda-setting process in Iran was broadly consistent with MSF. The FCTC strengthened the comprehensive plan for national control of tobacco as a policy stream. However, there are several challenges in developing effective policies for tobacco control in the Iranian setting.