bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a literature review and validation of contemporary findings
Authors: Kaipainen Aku L , Martoma Erik , Puustinen Tero , Tervonen Joona , Jyrkkänen Henna-Kaisa , Paterno Jussi J , Kotkansalo Anna , Rantala Susanna , Vanhanen Ulla , Leinonen Ville , Lehto Soili M , Iso-Mustajärvi Matti , Elomaa Antti-Pekka , Qvarlander Sara , Huuskonen Terhi J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology related possibly to disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and characterised by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) causing optic nerve atrophy if not timely treated. We studied CSF dynamics of the IIH patients based on the available literature and our well-defined cohort.

Method
A literature review was performed from PubMed between 1980 and 2020 in compliance with the PRISMA guideline. Our study includes 59 patients with clinical, demographical, neuro-ophthalmological, radiological, outcome data, and lumbar CSF pressure measurements for suspicion of IIH; 39 patients had verified IIH while 20 patients did not according to Friedman’s criteria, hence referred to as symptomatic controls.

Results
The literature review yielded 19 suitable studies; 452 IIH patients and 264 controls had undergone intraventricular or lumbar CSF pressure measurements. In our study, the mean CSF pressure, pulse amplitudes, power of respiratory waves (RESP), and the pressure constant (P0) were higher in IIH than symptomatic controls (p < 0.01). The mean CSF pressure was higher in IIH patients with psychiatric comorbidity than without (p < 0.05). In IIH patients without acetazolamide treatment, the RAP index and power of slow waves were also higher (p < 0.05). IIH patients with excess CSF around the optic nerves had lower relative pulse pressure coefficient (RPPC) and RESP than those without (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our literature review revealed increased CSF pressure, resistance to CSF outflow and sagittal sinus pressure (SSP) as key findings in IIH. Our study confirmed significantly higher lumbar CSF pressure and increased CSF pressure waves and RAP index in IIH when excluding patients with acetazolamide treatment. In overall, the findings reflect decreased craniospinal compliance and potentially depleted cerebral autoregulation resulting from the increased CSF pressure in IIH. The increased slow waves in patients without acetazolamide may indicate issues in autoregulation, while increased P0 could reflect the increased SSP.
Oral Health Literacy in Migrant and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valdez R. , Spinler K. , Kofahl C. , Seedorf U. , Heydecke G. , Reissmann D. R. , Lieske B. , Dingoyan D. , Aarabi G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCultural background influences how migrants and ethnic minority populations view and assess health. Poor oral health literacy (OHL) may be a hindrance in achieving good oral health. This systematic review summarizes the current quantitative evidence regarding OHL of migrants and ethnic minority populations. The PubMed database was searched for original quantitative studies that explore OHL as a holistic multidimensional construct or at least one of its subdimensions in migrants and ethnic minority populations. 34 publications were selected. Only 2 studies specifically addressed OHL in migrant populations. Generally, participants without migration background had higher OHL than migrant and ethnic minority populations. The latter showed lower dental service utilization, negative oral health beliefs, negative oral health behavior, and low levels of oral health knowledge. Due to its potential influence on OHL, oral health promoting behavior, attitudes, capabilities, and beliefs as well as the cultural and ethnic background of persons should be considered in medical education and oral health prevention programs.
Assessment of the stepped isothermal method for accelerated creep testing of high-density polyethylene
Authors: Pilz Gerald , Wurzer Stefan , Morak Matthias , Pinter Gerald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoplastic materials are increasingly used in demanding structural applications under, in some cases, long-term static loading over several decades. In this regard, the stepped isothermal method (SIM) with creep testing at stepwise increased temperature levels in combination with time-temperature superposition (TTSP) provides a very time efficient procedure for long-term creep characterization. In the present study, the creep behavior of an injection molded high-density polyethylene material (HDPE) was investigated by SIM in the thermally untreated state as well as after annealing.Due to experimental issues regarding the heating behavior of the specimens and non-linear viscoelastic behavior, particularly at elevated temperatures, bi-directional curve shifting was required in order to generate meaningful master curves for creep compliance. In a first step, an Arrhenius equation was used for the horizontal curve shifting, based on activation energies, determined in additional multi-frequency dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Continuous master curves were then obtained by empirical vertical shifting of the individual creep curve segments for the different temperature levels. In general, good agreement was observed between the resulting SIM master curves and the corresponding conventionally measured creep compliance curves at least for a time range up to 300 hours. Furthermore, significant differences in the creep tendency of the annealed material state compared to the thermally untreated condition revealed the distinct influence of the thermal history on the resulting creep behavior.
Automated description of the mandible shape by deep learning
Authors: Vila-Blanco Nicolás , Varas-Quintana Paulina , Aneiros-Ardao Ángela , Tomás Inmaculada , Carreira María J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe shape of the mandible has been analyzed in a variety of fields, whether to diagnose conditions like osteoporosis or osteomyelitis, in forensics, to estimate biological information such as age, gender, and race or in orthognathic surgery. Although the methods employed produce encouraging results, most rely on the dry bone analyses or complex imaging techniques that, ultimately, hamper sample collection and, as a consequence, the development of large-scale studies. Thus, we proposed an objective, repeatable, and fully automatic approach to provide a quantitative description of the mandible in orthopantomographies (OPGs).MethodsWe proposed the use of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to localize a set of landmarks of the mandible contour automatically from OPGs. Furthermore, we detailed four different descriptors for the mandible shape to be used for a variety of purposes. This includes a set of linear distances and angles calculated from eight anatomical landmarks of the mandible, the centroid size, the shape variations from the mean shape, and a group of shape parameters extracted with a point distribution model.ResultsThe fully automatic digitization of the mandible contour was very accurate, with a mean point to the curve error of 0.21 mm and a standard deviation comparable to that of a trained expert. The combination of the CNN and the four shape descriptors was validated in the well-known problems of forensic sex and age estimation, obtaining 87.8% of accuracy and a mean absolute error of 1.57 years, respectively.ConclusionThe methodology proposed, including the shape model, can be valuable in any field that requires a quantitative description of the mandible shape and a visual representation of its changes such as clinical practice, surgery management, dental research, or legal medicine.
Connectivity in support of student co-design of innovative mathematics curriculum trajectories
Authors: Pepin Birgit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe argument of this theoretical paper is that the existence and availability of suitable digital curriculum resources, accelerated by the recent pandemic, have required a revision of the pedagogical landscape in terms of ways in which students can be empowered to (co-)design their own curriculum trajectories. For this purpose, I argue, students need to be supported in considering many connections, to arrive at coherent trajectories. Based on complexity thinking and curriculum design with digital resources, I propose the concept of connectivity as a crucial principle for creating coherent curriculum trajectories. If students are to become the co-designers of their own curriculum, they need a frame that raises their awareness about the many connections to be made and that supports their capability for actually realizing them. Drawing strongly on my own work and related work by others, I analyse and illustrate the connections made by students, teachers and curriculum designers in their design of mathematics tasks, lessons and learning trajectories with digital resources. Results show that connections can be made at several levels, namely, at a social level, at a material level, at programme level, and at a didactical level. Leaning on systems thinking, connections can be systematically considered, which is likely to help students to enhance the coherence of their designs. I contend that a student-designed ‘connected curriculum trajectory’ is likely to become the focus of future research activities in innovative learning environments: this endeavor would connect aspects of curriculum, mathematical content, learning strategies of students, and the use of new technologies.
MSC secreted extracellular vesicles carrying TGF-beta upregulate Smad 6 expression and promote the regrowth of neurons in spinal cord injured rats
Authors: Han Tianyu , Song Peiwen , Wu Zuomeng , Xiang Xia , Liu Yunlei , Wang Ying , Fang Huang , Niu Yang , Shen Cailiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute a promising therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) because they can provide a favorable environment for the regrowth of neurons by inhibiting receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) expression in endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). However, their mechanism of action and effect on the expression of inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs were able to upregulate the Smad 6 expression by carrying TGF-β, and the Smad 6 knockdown in NSCs partially weakened the bone marrow MSC (BMSC)-EV-induced effect on neural differentiation. We found that the expression of Smad 6 did not reduced owing to the TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor, SB 431,542, treatment in the acute phase of injury in rats with SCI, thereby indicating that the Smad 6 expression was not only mediated by TGF-β, but also by the inflammatory factors and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as well. However, in the later phase of SCI, the Smad 6 expression decreased by the addition of SB 431,542, suggesting that TGF-β plays a key role in the mediation of Smad 6 expression in this phase. In addition, immunohistochemistry staining; hematoxylin–eosin staining; and the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores revealed that the early inhibition of TGF-β did not increase neuron regrowth. However, this inhibition increased the cavity and the caspase-3 expression at 24 h post-injury, leading to a worse functional outcome. Conversely, the later treatment with the TGF-β inhibitor promoted the regrowth of neurons around the cavity, resulting in a better neurological outcome. Together, these results indicate that Smad 6 acts as a feedback regulator to prevent the over-differentiation of NSCs to astrocytes and that BMSC-EVs can upregulate Smad 6 expression by carrying TGF-β.
Graphical abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and 27-Hydroxycholesterol Increase S100A8 and RAGE Expression in the Brain: a Link Between Cholesterol, Alarmins, and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Loera-Valencia Raúl , Ismail Muhammad-Al-Mustafa , Goikolea Julen , Lodeiro Maria , Mateos Laura , Björkhem Ingemar , Puerta Elena , Romão Mariana A. , Gomes Cláudio M. , Merino-Serrais Paula , Maioli Silvia , Cedazo-Minguez Angel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlterations in cholesterol metabolism in the brain have a major role in the physiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Oxysterols are cholesterol metabolites with multiple implications in memory functions and in neurodegeneration. Previous studies have shown detrimental effects of cholesterol metabolites in neurons, but its effect in glial cells is unknown. We used a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet in mice to study the effects of hypercholesterolemia over the alarmin S100A8 cascade in the hippocampus. Using CYP27Tg, a transgenic mouse model, we show that the hypercholesterolemia influence on the brain is mediated by the excess of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH), a cholesterol metabolite. We also employed an acute model of 27-OH intraventricular injection in the brain to study RAGE and S100A8 response. We used primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes to study the effect of high levels of 27-OH over the S100A8 alarmin cascade. We report that a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet leads to an increase in S100A8 production in the brain. In CYP27Tg, we report an increase of S100A8 and its receptor RAGE in the hippocampus under elevated 27-OH in the brain. Using siRNA, we found that 27-OH upregulation of RAGE in astrocytes and neurons is mediated by the nuclear receptor RXRγ. Silencing RXRγ in neurons prevented 27-OH-mediated upregulation of RAGE. These results show that S100A8 alarmin and RAGE respond to high levels of 27-OH in the brain in both neurons and astrocytes through RXRγ. Our study supports the notion that 27-OH mediates detrimental effects of hypercholesterolemia to the brain via alarmin signaling.
Is Democracy Therapeutic? A Deweyan Reading of the Institutions of Antipsychiatry
Authors: Villacañas de Castro Luis S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article presents a Deweyan reading of the processes of critique, experimentation, and reform that took hold of a minority of psychiatric institutions in Western Europe during the nineteen-sixties and seventies, under the influence of the so-called Italian and British antipsychiatry movements. Framed within a specific understanding of the sixties, the article examines these complex theoretical and institutional operations against the background of John Dewey’s idea of democracy, which it interprets, above all else, as the constant provision of material, intellectual, and human resources for the people to directly transform their environment and themselves in increasingly complex and creative ways. After acknowledging the historical and conceptual discontinuities that exist between these two autonomous bodies of knowledge, the first section presents a summary of Dewey’s philosophy. Next the article sheds light on Basaglia’s and Laing’s antipsychiatric projects by interpreting them as a sustained effort to distinguish between schizophrenia as a first and a second disease, an epistemological search in the midst of which each of them ended up creating new institutions that necessarily embarked their inmates on a radical process of Deweyan growth. The key role of the sixties counterculture is emphasized at this point, and examples from Gorizia’s and Trieste’s asylums, as well as British community households, are read in terms of Basaglia’s and Laing’s negative and affirmative dialectics, respectively. Finally, in the last two sections, the article argues that antipsychiatry’s analysis of psychotic behavior significantly enlarges Dewey’s understanding of the circuit of growth and experience, and that Dewey’s ideas of growth and experience provided, in turn, a missing criterion for defining mental health and deriving coherent therapeutic and institutional concretions.
A comprehensive review of sucker rod pumps’ components, diagnostics, mathematical models, and common failures and mitigations
Authors: Fakher Sherif , Khlaifat Abdelaziz , Hossain M. Enamul , Nameer Hashim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn many oil reservoirs worldwide, the downhole pressure does not have the ability to lift the produced fluids to the surface. In order to produce these fluids, pumps are used to artificially lift the fluids; this method is referred to as artificial lift. More than seventy percent of all currently producing oil wells are being produced by artificial lift methods. One of the most applied artificial lift methods is sucker rod pump. Sucker rod pumps are considered a well-established technology in the oil and gas industry and thus are easy to apply, very common worldwide, and low in capital and operational costs. Many advancements in technology have been applied to improve sucker rod pumps performance, applicability range, and diagnostics. With these advancements, it is important to be able to constantly provide an updated review and guide to the utilization of the sucker rod pumps. This research provides an updated comprehensive review of sucker rod pumps components, diagnostics methods, mathematical models, and common failures experienced in the field and how to prevent and mitigate these failures. Based on the review conducted, a new classification of all the methods that can fall under the sucker rod pump technology based on newly introduced sucker rod pump methods in the industry has been introduced. Several field cases studies from wells worldwide are also discussed in this research to highlight some of the main features of sucker rod pumps. Finally, the advantages and limitations of sucker rod pumps are mentioned based on the updated review. The findings of this study can help increase the understanding of the different sucker rod pumps and provide a holistic view of the beam rod pump and its properties and modeling.
Lost diagnoses in not otherwise specified headache in Emergency Department
Authors: Granato Antonio , D’Acunto Laura , Morelli Maria Elisa , Bellavita Giulia , Cominotto Franco , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract The diagnosis of Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) headaches in the Emergency Department (ED) is frequent despite many specialist visits performed. The aim of the study was to examine specialist visits carried out in the patients discharged from ED with diagnosis of NOS headache to evaluate discrepancies between specialist and ED diagnosis at discharge. We retrospectively (1.6.2018–31.12.2018) analyzed all the patients admitted with non-traumatic headache to the ED of the tertiary-care University Hospital of Trieste. We evaluated the patients discharged from ED with a final diagnosis of NOS headache and who underwent at least one specialist examination. Demographic data, specialist and ED diagnosis were analyzed. One hundred twenty-four patients (93 F, 31 M, mean age 44 ± 15 years) were included. 71.8% of patients were examined only by a neurologist, 12.9% by non-neurologists, 15.3% by both neurologist and non-neurologist. Only 37% of the patients received a precise diagnosis. Neurologist made a diagnosis slightly more frequently than the other consultants (40.5% vs 37.5%). Neurologists diagnosed primary headaches, headaches secondary to neurological diseases, and facial neuralgia, instead non-neurologists diagnosed only headaches secondary to non-neurological diseases. Primary headaches were diagnosed in 25.7% of cases, migraine being the most frequent. Physicians did not report any specialist diagnoses in the ED discharge sheet. Specialist consultants made specific diagnoses in about one-third of patients that were not reported as final in the discharge records by the ED physician. This leads to a loss of diagnoses and to an overestimation of NOS headache.
Arhuaco indigenous women’s memories and the Colombian Truth Commission: methodological gaps and political tensions
Authors: González Villamizar Juliana , Santamaría Ángela , Muelas Izquierdo Dunen Kaneybia , Restrepo Acevedo Laura María , Cáceres Dueñas Paula 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Truth, Peaceful Coexistence, and Non-Repetition Commission (CEV) is one of the transitional justice mechanisms contained in the peace agreement signed between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrilla in 2016. The CEV mainstreams gender and ethnic differential approaches and is also the first to actively deploy intersectionality as a framework to approach violence committed against women of ethnic groups. The article draws on a decolonial and intercultural perspective to analyze the challenges that the CEV faces to make visible Indigenous women’s experiences and agencies during the armed conflict. Based on participatory research conducted with Arhuaco women of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to produce a report to the CEV, the article shows the methodological gaps that exist between Arhuaco women’s approaches to memory and the Truth Commission’s methodological framework. The article also argues that the Commission’s strategy to confront political dynamics within Indigenous communities that marginalize women’s processes further deepens these gaps and contributes to invisibilize their voices in this scenario.
Shame, Vulnerability, and Change
Authors: HU JING IRIS 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShame is frequently viewed as a destructive emotion; but it can also be understood in terms of change and growth. This essay highlights the problematic values that cause pervasive and frequent shame and the importance of resisting and changing these values. Using Confucian insights, I situate shame in an interactive process between the individual's values and that of their society, thus, being vulnerable to shame represents both one's connection to a community and an openness to others’ negative feedback. This process provides an important arena where personal values interact with communal ones. The Confucian tradition, I argue, affords individuals a degree of autonomy in internalization through urging them to cultivate and maintain a keen sense of shame. My discussion also offers resources for understanding the various aspects of this interactive process—how individuals with similar experiences of shame may, through channeling their experiences, influence social values and propel moral progress.
Stress- and Work-Related Burnout in Frontline Health-Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Yun Ji , Yun Jungmi , Kim Taehwa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting humankind in unprecedented and monumental ways. Health-care professionals (HCPs) have had to deal with traumatic and complex situations at work. However, the current understanding of the emotional effects on HCPs and their vulnerability during the pandemic is limited. We investigated the effects of HCPs’ viral epidemic-related stress, professional quality of life (ProQOL), depression, and anxiety on their health-related quality of life (HRQOL).Methods:We recruited a convenience sample of 60 HCPs at 2 tertiary hospitals in provinces P and Y, Republic of Korea. We analyzed their demographics, viral epidemic-related distress, ProQOL (compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress), depression, anxiety, and HRQOL through self-reported questionnaires.Results:Burnout had a significant direct effect on depression, anxiety, physical health, and psychological HRQOL and indirectly affected all subcategories of HRQOL. Viral epidemic-related stress had no significant direct effect on any variable, but indirectly affected all subcategories of HRQOL. Depression and anxiety were endogenous variables (mediators). Depression was a pathway that directly and significantly affected all subcategories of HRQOL. Burnout had the most significant effect on physical health and psychological HRQOL, whereas depression had the greatest effect on social relationships and environmental HRQOL.Conclusions:Low compassion satisfaction caused burnout in HCPs, and burnout was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and HRQOL. Furthermore, HRQOL showed a greater response when affected by indirect burnout through depression and anxiety than when directly affected by burnout.