bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nordic Missiological Discourses following Together towards Life and the Arusha World Mission Conference
Authors: Fagerli Beate 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article gives an overview of recent discussions on international ecumenical missiology in a Nordic, and particularly Norwegian, context. A short background on historical disagreements between churches and mission agents gives the backdrop for more recent theological discussions following the Edinburgh 2010 anniversary. Two WCC events in particular have contributed to the discussions. First, the publishing of the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism's Together Towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes has fuelled the discussions with new insights. A pneumatological entry point into missiology prompted churches and mission agents to renew their talks about the main reasons for engaging in mission. A central part of these discussions has been the question of what “mission from the margins” may mean. Second, the Arusha World Mission Conference gave an opportunity for a broad ecumenical encounter, also from within the Nordic region. The many stories and witnesses from the margins that were presented in Arusha gave new insights into a Norwegian (and partly Nordic) understanding of who the marginalized are, also within a Nordic context. The article concludes that the Arusha conference contributed to understanding storytelling as crucial to the meaning of the term “mission from the margins.”
HAX1 maintains the glioma progression in hypoxia through promoting mitochondrial fission
Authors: Lin Jinghui , Wang Yang , Lin Zhiqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHCLS1‐associated protein X‐1 (HAX1), an anti‐apoptotic molecular, overexpresses in glioma. However, the role of HAX1 in glioma cell surviving in hypoxic environment remains unclear. Western blotting, qRT‐PCR, Transwell assay, TUNEL assay, wounding healing assay, clone formation, tumour xenograft model and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate the role of HAX1 in glioma. HAX1 regulated by HIF‐1α was increased in glioma cells cultured in hypoxia. Silencing of HAX1 could cause an increased apoptosis of glioma cells cultured in hypoxia. Silencing of HAX1 also decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells cultured in hypoxia. Increased mitochondrial fission could prevent glioma cells from the damage induced by HAX1 knockdown in hypoxia. Furthermore, HAX1 was found to regulate glioma cells through phosphorylated AKT/Drp signal pathway. In conclusion, our study suggested that HAX1 promoted survival of glioma cells in hypoxic environment via AKT/Drp signal pathway. Our study also provided a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Mothers susceptible to child maltreatment and requiring public health nurses’ continuous support
Authors: Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko , Fujii Hitoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the characteristics of mothers who are at a high risk for future child maltreatment and therefore, require continuous support from public health nurses (PHNs) to prevent child maltreatment and those who do not require it.Design and samplesThis retrospective cross‐sectional study included women who were registered in 2018 for being at risk for future child maltreatment and required help with childrearing in City A within the Tokyo metropolis.MeasurementsPublic health nurses registered data pertaining to each mother, including demographic data, family‐related variables, assessment by PHNs, use of maternal and child healthcare services, and continuity of support from PHNs.ResultsOf the 206 cases, the discontinued group—comprising those who no longer needed PHNs’ support—included 83 cases (40.3%) and the continuing group—comprising those needed continuing support—included 123 cases (59.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that those with marital conflicts, maternal mental instability, lack of parenting skills, and not moving out of the city were more likely to require continuous PHNs’ support.ConclusionsBy identifying these factors, PHNs can identify new mothers who need continuous support and provide more concentrated care for them. Thus, support from PHNs can help prevent child maltreatment.
Using Weather and Schedule Based Pattern Matching and Feature Based Principal Component Analysis for Whole Building Fault Detection—Part II Field Evaluation
Authors: Chen Yimin , Wen Jin , Lo James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, a whole building fault (WBF) refers to a fault that occurs in one component but may trigger additional faults/abnormalities on different components or subsystems resulting in significant impacts on the energy consumption or indoor air quality in buildings. At the whole building level, interval data collected from various components/subsystems can be used to detect WBFs. In the Part I of this study, a novel data-driven method which includes weather and schedule-based pattern matching (WPM) procedure and a feature based principal component analysis (FPCA) procedure was developed to detect the WBF. This article is the second of a two-part study of the development of the whole building fault detection method. In the Part II of the study (this paper), various WBFs were designed and imposed in the HVAC system of a campus building. Data from both imposed fault and naturally occurred faults were collected through the building automation system (BAS) to evaluate the developed fault detection method. Evaluation results show that the developed WPM-FPCA method reaches a satisfactory detection rate (85% and 100% under two principal component retention rates) and a 0% false alarm rate (under two principal component retention rates).
Modeling Intersonic Crack Propagation in Fiber Reinforced Composites With Contact/Cohesive Laws
Authors: Dwivedi S. K. , Espinosa H. D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dynamic crack propagation in an unidirectional Carbon/Epoxy composite is studied through finite element analyses in total Lagrangian co-ordinates. A finite deformation anisotropic visco-plastic model is used to describe the constitutive response of the composite. Crack initiation and propagation is simulated by embedding zero thickness interface element along the possible crack path. An irreversible cohesive law is used to describe the evolution of normal and shear tractions as a function of displacement jumps. The compressive response prior to interface failure is analyzed using contact impenetrability conditions. The failure of the first interface element at the pre-notch tip models crack initiation. Crack propagation is modeled through consecutive failure of interface elements. Dynamic crack propagation phenomena are studied in terms of crack initiation time, crack speed, mode I and mode II displacement jumps and tractions associated with the failure of interface elements, effective plastic strain at the crack tip and path independent integral J′. Analyses are first carried out for the dynamic crack propagation along bi-material interfaces. The results obtained from present analyses agree well with literature data. Detailed analyses are carried out for a pre-notched unidirectional Carbon/Epoxy composite material. The impact velocity in the analyses is an imposed velocity over an assumed impact region and remains constant throughout the analysis. Analyses are carried out at impact velocities of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 m/s, assuming the crack wake is frictionless. Moreover, analyses at impact velocities of 30 and 40 m/s are also carried out with a friction coefficient of 0.5 along the crack surfaces. The analyses established intersonic crack speed in the fiber reinforced composite material. Intersonic crack propagation for the impact velocities of 40 m/s is 400% of the shear wave speed and 87% of the longitudinal wave speed. Detailed discussion is given on the features of sub-sonic and intersonic crack propagation in Carbon/Epoxy composite materials. It is shown that the friction coefficient along the crack surface plays an important role by smearing the discontinuous field that develops behind the crack tip and by reducing crack speed in the intersonic regime. The analyses show that the contour integral J′ computed at near field contours are path independent and can serve as a parameter for characterizing intersonic crack propagation.
Crush of High Density Aluminum Honeycombs
Authors: Lu Wei-Yang , Hinnerichs Terry 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The orthotropic crush model has commonly been used to describe the stress-strain behavior of honeycomb. Important model parameters include crush strength and crush efficiency of each principal direction. Experiments were conducted to obtain these model parameters of high-density honeycombs. Various deformation modes were observed during “bare” compression tests. The normal crush mode of honeycomb is progressive plastic buckling. Low energy absorption (or abnormal) modes include transverse splitting and global buckling. To obtain a consistent normal mode of deformation under wide testing conditions, a confined compression test was developed. A series of confined compressions on T-, L-, and W-directions were performed to get crush parameters for the orthotropic crush model. The temperature dependence and loading rate effects on crush parameters were also obtained.
Conducting Dynamic Impact Tests Using a “Free-Flight” Drop Tower Facility: Part II — Practical Aspects
Authors: Johnson Nancy L. , Browne Alan L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
“Free-Flight” drop tower facilities are commonly used to study the dynamic impact response and energy absorption capabilities of a wide range of test specimens including automotive components and structural elements. The information they provide, if tests are conducted properly, is useful both for validating analytical predictions of dynamic crush and for determining the dynamic crush response itself in those cases where analytical prediction capability does not exist. This paper covers practical aspects of conducting impact tests using such facilities that are critical to the success and usefulness of such tests. Specific topics that are discussed include the categories of impact studies for which drop towers are best suited and guidelines for selecting the test conditions including specimen size, drop height/impact velocity, drop mass, height of arresting stops, and methods of crush initiation. Also included are guidelines for mounting test specimens, a discussion of good test practices for minimizing transducer resonances, and hints for conducting tests with asymmetric and/or net lateral loads including non-axial impacts.
Design of a Wireless Sensor for Injection Molding Cavity Pressure Measurement
Authors: Zhang Li , Theurer Charles B. , Gao Robert X. , Kazmer David O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The concept of a wireless sensor for injection molding machine cavity pressure measurement is proposed. The pressure information inside the cavity can be sensed by means of a series of ultrasonic pulses. The current pressure is obtained simply multiplying the number of pulses with a preset threshold value. Instead of using any external power supply, the sensor is self-powered by a piezoelectric stack that extracts energy from the melt pressure changes and converts it into electrical energy. Theoretical background of ultrasonic pulses and micromechanical switches are introduced, in view of their applications in the proposed design. Preliminary experiments have shown that pressure change of 20 MPa within 1 μs could be detected wirelessly by a single ultrasonic pulse. Further work will be done to validate the proposed design.
Nonlinear Model Reduction for Automotive System Descriptions
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Wagner John 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The mathematical modeling of dynamic systems is an important task in the design, analysis, and implementation of advanced automotive control systems. Although most vehicle control algorithms tend to use model-free calibration architectures, a need exists to migrate to model-based control algorithms which offer greater operating performance. However, in many instances, the analytical descriptions are too complex for real-time powertrain and chassis model-based control algorithms. Therefore, model reduction strategies may be applied to transform the original model into a simplified lower-order form while preserving the dynamic characteristics of the original high-order system. In this paper, an empirical gramian balanced nonlinear model reduction strategy is examined for the simplification process of dynamic system descriptions. The empirical gramians may be computed using either experimental or simulation data. These gramians are then balanced and unimportant system dynamics truncated. For comparison purposes, a Taylor Series linearization will also be introduced to linearize the original nonlinear system about an equilibrium operating point and then a balanced realization linear reduction strategy will be applied. To demonstrate the functionality of each model reduction strategy, two nonlinear dynamic system models are investigated and respective transient performances compared.
Component Power Sizing and Limits of Operation for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Automotive Applications
Authors: Boettner Daisie D. , Paganelli Gino , Guezennec Yann G. , Rizzoni Giorgio , Moran Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes use of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system model for automotive applications in a fuel cell system/battery hybrid configuration. The fuel cell system model has been integrated into a vehicle performance simulator that determines fuel economy and allows consideration of control strategies. The simulator is used to explore relevant regions of the fuel cell-powered hybrid electric vehicle design space by conducting simulations using two simple supervisory-control strategies: thermostatic control and proportional control. During the simulations power provided by the battery and fuel cell system and operational limits on battery state of charge and fuel cell system current density are varied while maintaining minimum component sizing to meet vehicle performance criteria. Analysis of results from these simulations provides component power sizing and limits of operation suitable for development of a more advanced supervisory vehicle control strategy for a fuel cell vehicle.
A Hardware-in-the-Loop Transient Diesel Engine Test System for Control and Diagnostic Development
Authors: Tartt C. Jason , Moskwa John J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the design and capabilities of a state-of-the-art diesel engine transient test system, which has been developed and built in the Powertrain Control Research Laboratory (PCRL) at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. The system includes a hydrostatic transient dynamometer capable of approximately 300 Hz actuation bandwidth, which is integrated with a dynamic vehicle drivetrain model that runs in real time. This hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system simulates dynamic torque loading on the engine while performing an FTP, NEDC, J10.15, or any other drive cycles. The dynamometer system is complemented with transient emissions instrumentation to evaluate the state and composition of engine feed gases, and pre and post catalytic converter gases. Included in this paper are details of the design philosophy, why a hydrostatic design was used, specifics on the hardware of the system, as well as experimental data from the system.
A Scalable Approach for Energy Converter Modeling and Supervisory Control Design
Authors: Wei Xi , Rizzoni Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing demand for hybrid electric vehicle designs requires automated modeling and simulation tools to construct a design space search. Composability and scalability are highly desirable in these simulators to provide design candidates. To achieve effective and efficient automation of the design space search, a scaling approach with moderate complexity and consideration of component nonlinear characteristics is necessary in sizing powertrain components, especially energy converters. The Willans line approach proposed in this paper provides models that are sufficiently accurate but not excessively complicated and permits the derivation of a scalable supervisory control algorithm for overall energy consumption minimization. The scalable models and the control strategy can be adapted to various vehicle drivetrain configurations, providing a scalable and composable simulation tool for vehicle powertrain rapid designing. Scaling results of the Willans line approach are compared with real data and another scaling method in a “forward”, quasi-static simulator.
On the Nonlinear Modeling and Identification of Piezoelectric Inertial Actuators
Authors: Knowles David W. , Jalili Nader , Khan Taufiquar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Active counter-force vibration control has significant advantages over the more traditional motion-based active vibration suppression schemes. A piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) inertial actuator is an efficient and inexpensive solution for this type of structural vibration control. In order to properly tune the control parameters of the absorber subsection, an accurate mathematical model is necessary. For this, a nonlinear model for the PZT inertial actuators is presented. In particular, a polynomial form of non-linearity in the dynamical model of the actuator is assumed. An inverse problem is then formed to identify the model parameters of the actuator (absorber). The model parameters consist of the effective mass, damping and stiffness of the actuator as well as the polynomial form of the non-linearity. Using Lyapunov’s second method, the stability conditions for the proposed nonlinear model are established. An experimental setup is developed to validate the proposed nonlinear model. The results of the model identification using the actual experimental data demonstrate that the nonlinear model would better fit the experimental data, when compared to the linear model.
Jerk Limited Time Optimal Control of Flexible Structures
Authors: Muenchhof Marco , Singh Tarunraj 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the design of jerk-limited time-optimal control sequences for rest-to-rest maneuvers of flexible structures. The resulting jerk profiles will be either bang-bang or bang-off-bang. To ensure quiescent states at the end of the maneuver, a pole cancellation technique will be used. Further constraints account for the geometric boundary conditions. This paper will also investigate the development of the control profile upon variation of the maximum allowable amount of jerk. The last section presents numerical results. The proposed control algorithm is implemented for the Floating Oscillator benchmark problem.
Nonlinear Model Based Coordinated Adaptive Robust Control of Electro-Hydraulic Robotic Manipulators: Methods and Comparative Studies
Authors: Bu Fanping , Yao Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Compared to conventional robot manipulators driven by electrical motors, hydraulic robot arms have richer nonlinear dynamics and stronger couplings among various joints (or hydraulic cylinders). This paper focuses on the physical model based coordinated adaptive robust control (ARC) strategies that explicitly take into account the strong coupling among various hydraulic cylinders (or joints). In our recent studies, two such methods were proposed to avoid the need of acceleration feedback in doing ARC backstepping designs. The first method uses an observer to recover the state needed for the ARC backstepping design. The second method utilizes the property that the adjoint matrix and the determinant of the inertial matrix can be linearly parametrized by certain suitably selected parameters and employ certain over-parametrizing techniques. Theoretically, both the resulting ARC controllers guarantee a prescribed output tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy while achieving asymptotic output tracking in the presence of parametric uncertainties only. This paper focuses on the comparative studies of these two methods under various practical constraints. Extensive simulation results which are based on a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) hydraulic robot arm are presented to illustrate the advantages and drawbacks of each method.
Real Time, Near-Optimal Trajectory Planning of an Omni-Directional Vehicle
Authors: Kalmár-Nagy Tamás , Ganguly Pritam , D’Andrea Raffaello 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss an innovative method of generating near-optimal trajectories for a robot with omni-directional drive capabilities, taking into account the dynamics of the actuators and the system. The relaxation of optimality results in immense computational savings, critical in dynamic environments. In particular, a decoupling strategy for each of the three degrees of freedom of the vehicle is presented, along with a method for coordinating the degrees of freedom. A nearly optimal trajectory for the vehicle can typically be calculated in less than 1000 floating point operations, which makes it attractive for real-time control in dynamic and uncertain environments.
Compliant Wafer Level Package
Authors: Patel Chirag , Martin Kevin P. , Meindl James D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A high I/O density and high performance wafer level packaging technology called the Compliant Wafer Level Package (CWLP) is reported. The necessity for compliant interconnects in upcoming generations of electronic products is discussed by analyzing the technology requirements projected by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). To be a true wafer level package, the technology should have following three characteristics11: I) package all Integrated Circuits (ICs) intact on wafer at once, II) perform wafer level test and burn-in, and III) assemble the WLP on the system board without using an underfill. Compliant interconnects are essential to accomplishing wafer level test and assembly without underfill. These topics are discussed in the paper followed by fabrication and performance analysis of the CWLP technology.
Corrosion Analysis of a Fiber-Optic Transceiver Housing
Authors: Lau J. H. , Jiaa C. L. , Erasmus S. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The corrosion responses of a fiber-optic transceiver’s housing with zinc alloy die casting material are investigated in this study. Emphasis is placed on the determination of the weight change and corrosion rate of the housing when it is subjected to a 85% relative humidity and 85°C temperature (85%RH/85°C) test condition. Also, the average light optical power, receiver sensitivity, extinction ratio, and mask margin of transceiver modules subjected to 85%RH/85°C and 3.47V at 500, 1000, 1500, and 1600 hours are provided. Furthermore, metallography is performed on the surfaces and cross sections of the housing. Finally, measurements are made of the thickness of the oxide layer on the surfaces of the fiber-optic transceiver housing.
Numerical Simulations of Fluid Flow During Electromagnetic Stirring of Metals
Authors: Teodorescu Sorin G. , Dupac Mihai , Bakhtiyarov Sayavur I. , Overfelt Ruel A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new relationship between the opposing mechanical torque and the electric conductivity of a rotating liquid specimen in a permanent external magnetic field of constant induction. It is shown that the proposed relationship describes the experimental data for a rotating specimen better than Braunbeck formula derived under the assumption that a magnetic field rotates around a stationary metal sample.