bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigmasterol Stability in Medium Chain Triacylglycerides (MCT)‐in‐Water Emulsions: Impact of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) Surfactant Micelles
Authors: Cheng Jingjing , Cui Leqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe stability of the health‐promoting phytosterols in emulsions can be affected by various factors such as lipid medium, storage time, and temperature. In addition to these well‐studied factors, emulsions normally contain excessive amount of surfactant that self‐assemble into micelles. However, the potential of these surfactant micelles to alter the stability of phytosterol is unclear. In this study, medium chain triacylglycerides(MCT)‐in‐water emulsion is used as a model emulsion system to report how surfactant micelles of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) can affect the stability of stigmasterol. Addition of SDS micelles (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) significantly increases the amounts of stigmasterol and stigmasterol hydroperoxides in the aqueous phase of emulsion. A large proportion of stigmasterol hydroperoxides (up to 64.14%) is solubilized into the aqueous phase although the majority of stigmasterol (>90%) remains in the oil phase. Such different distributions of stigmasterol and its hydroperoxides can be responsible for the increased storage time (19, 27, and 33 d for control, 1 and 2 wt% additional SDS, respectively) of stigmasterol in emulsions stored at 60 °C.Practical Applications: Surfactant micelles have the potential to be developed into economical antioxidant strategies to extend the stability of phytosterols when developing phytosterol‐enriched food emulsions.
Temperature‐Controlled Chemoselective Synthesis of Thiosulfonates and Thiocyanates: Novel Reactivity of KXCN (X=S, Se) towards Organosulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Kalaramna Pratibha , Goswami Avijit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient chemoselective protocol has been developed for the synthesis of thiosulfonates and thiocyanates by employing cost effective and commercially available organosulfonyl chlorides with potassium thio‐/selenocyanate. The strategy offered the thiosulfonates and thiocyanates selectively by tuning the equivalents of KSeCN and optimizing the reaction temperature. On the other hand, thiosulfonates were obtained as sole products when organosulfonyl chlorides were treated with KSCN. Furthermore, the syntheses of diarylthioethers and aryl(heteroaryl) thioethers were carried out as a part of synthetic application of newly prepared arylthiocyanates.
Posttreatment of 3D‐printed surfaces for electrochemical applications: A critical review on proposed protocols
Authors: Rocha Diego P. , Rocha Raquel G. , Castro Sílvia V. F. , Trindade Magno A. G. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. , Richter Eduardo M. , Angnes Lucio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis mini‐review presents an overview of recent trends for 3D printed sensors and biosensors (with a focus on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) based technology), along with their posttreatment surfaces to improve electrochemical applications. The protocols described in the literature and advances in this field were covered, bringing a critical discussion about the achievements and limitations to improve the electrical properties of conducting filaments, as well as their electroanalytical performance. In addition, the pros and cons of the processes used in surface posttreatment to improve the performance of electrodes constructed by FDM are presented, comparing the time consumed during chemical and electrochemical treatments or combining the two to improve the characteristics of the sensors. Finally, the discussion about the real necessity of surface treatments of electrodes constructed by FDM technology, the techniques used for this, and some ecological protocols are discussed (surface posttreatments with and without reagents) or whether the simple optimization of printing parameters could also significantly improve the electrochemical performance of sensors built with such technologies.
Selection of Representative Constituents for Unknown, Variable, Complex, or Biological Origin Substance Assessment Based on Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Yordanova Darina G. , Patterson Timothy J. , North Colin M. , Camenzuli Louise , Chapkanov Atanas S. , Pavlov Todor S. , Mekenyan Ovanes G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many of the newly produced and registered substances are complex mixtures or substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, and biological materials (UVCBs). The latter often consist of a large number of constituents, some of them difficult-to-identify constituents, which complicates their (eco)toxicological assessment. In the present study, through a series of examples, different scenarios for selection of representatives via hierarchical clustering of UVCB constituents are exemplified. Hierarchical clustering allows grouping of the individual chemicals into small sets, where the constituents are similar to each other with respect to more than one criterion. To this end, various similarity criteria and approaches for selection of representatives are developed and analyzed. Two types of selection are addressed: (1) selection of the most “conservative” constituents, which could be also used to support prioritization of UVCBs for evaluation, and (2) obtaining of a small set of chemical representatives that covers the structural and metabolic diversity of the whole target UVCBs or a mixture that can then be evaluated for their environmental and (eco)toxicological properties. The first step is to generate all plausible UVCB or mixture constituents. It was found that the appropriate approach for selecting representative constituents depends on the target endpoint and physicochemical parameters affecting the endpoint of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3205–3218. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Hierarchical scheme for selection of representative constituents with respect to biodegradation endpoint. The scheme could be applied to substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, and biological materials containing huge number of constituents as well as to other chemical sets. QSAR = quantitative structure–activity relationship.
Linking Trace Organic Contaminants in On-Site Wastewater-Treatment Discharge with Biological Effects
Authors: Warren Les D. , Guyader Meaghan E. , Kiesling Richard L. , Higgins Christopher P. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Around the globe, on-site wastewater-treatment systems (OWTSs) are critical for rural communities without access to a municipal sewer system. However, their treatment efficiency does not match that of modern wastewater-treatment plants. The impact of OWTS discharge on nearby aquatic ecosystems and their resident fish species is poorly understood. In the present study, larval and adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and adult sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed for 21 days to two trace organic contaminant (TOrC) mixtures replicating water chemistry derived from a previous environmental study. Larval fathead minnows were assessed for survival, growth, predator avoidance, and feeding efficiency. Adult fathead minnows and sunfish were assessed for a suite of physiological endpoints (condition indices, vitellogenin, glucose), histological changes, and fecundity. The only observed effect of TOrC mixture exposure on larval fathead minnows was a decrease in feeding efficiency. Effects were mixed in exposed adult fishes, except for male sunfish which realized a significant induction of vitellogenin (p &lt; 0.05). The consequences of TOrC mixture exposure in the present controlled laboratory study match effects observed in wild-caught sunfish in a corresponding field study. The present study begins to bridge the gap by connecting nonpoint OWTS pollution with biological effects observed in resident lake fish species. Given the effects observed despite the brevity of the laboratory mixture exposure, longer-term studies are warranted to understand the full impacts of OWTS discharge to nearby aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3193–3204. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Increasing astrogenesis in the developing hippocampus induces autistic‐like behavior in mice via enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission
Authors: Chen Juan , Ma Xiao‐Lin , Zhao Hui , Wang Xiao‐Yu , Xu Min‐Xin , Wang Hua , Yang Tian‐Qi , Peng Cheng , Liu Shuang‐Shuang , Huang Man , Zhou Yu‐Dong , Shen Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by impaired social communication and rigid, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors. Many studies implicate abnormal synapse development and the resultant abnormalities in synaptic excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) balance may underlie many features of the disease, suggesting aberrant neuronal connections and networks are prone to occur in the developing autistic brain. Astrocytes are crucial for synaptic formation and function, and defects in astrocytic activation and function during a critical developmental period may also contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. Here, we report that increasing hippocampal astrogenesis during development induces autistic‐like behavior in mice and a concurrent decreased E/I ratio in the hippocampus that results from enhanced GABAergic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Suppressing the aberrantly elevated GABAergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 area rescues autistic‐like behavior and restores the E/I balance. Thus, we provide direct evidence for a developmental role of astrocytes in driving the behavioral phenotypes of ASD, and our results support that targeting the altered GABAergic neurotransmission may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ASD.
Hypoalbuminemia as a prognostic biomarker for higher mortality and treatment complications in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Doucette Kimberley , Percival Mary‐Elizabeth , Williams Lacey , Kandahari Adrese , Taylor Allison , Wang Shuqi , Ahn Jaeil , Karp Judith E. , Lai Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOlder age and poor performance status lead to worse outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Hypoalbuminemia is a negative predictor of morbidity and mortality in several malignancies. We evaluated the relationship between baseline serum albumin levels on treatment‐related complications, as well as short‐term mortality and overall survival (OS) in 756 newly diagnosed AML patients. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study to examine treatment‐related complications and OS according to pretreatment serum albumin levels: normal albumin ≥3.5 g/dl, marked hypoalbuminemia <2.5 g/dl, and hypoalbuminemia 2.5–3.4 g/dl. In an adjusted multivariate analysis, a lower baseline albumin was independently associated with a higher number of grade ≥3 complications when adjusting for age, secondary AML, sex and intensive treatment. When comparing normal to markedly low albumin levels, the estimated mean number of complications increases by a factor of 1.35. Patients who had a normal baseline albumin had a 30 day‐mortality rate of 4.8%, which was significantly lower compared with patients with hypoalbuminemia (16.5%) and marked hypoalbuminemia (33.9%; p < 0.01). Similarly, 60‐day mortality rate was significantly higher in the hypoalbuminemia group (24.0%) and marked hypoalbuminemia group (45%) compared with normal albumin group (8.3%; p < 0.01). Patients with lower baseline albumin levels have increased treatment‐related morbidity and mortality, suggesting that pre‐treatment serum albumin is an important independent prognostic marker.
Predominant frequency of HLA‐B*27 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in southeastern China
Authors: Lu JiaoJiao , Yang Jing , Dong WenXu , Tang BaoJia , Cao LuoYuan , Lin YingHua , Huang BaoYing , Fu XianGuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was to investigate the polymorphism and distribution of alleles of HLA‐B*27 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Han population of southeastern China.MethodsA total of 89 peripheral blood samples from southeastern Chinese Han patients with AS that diagnosed according to Modified New York criteria were subtyped using the high‐resolution PCR‐SSP.Exon 2‐3 of HLA‐B*27 gene was amplified and sequenced to further confirm the HLA‐B*27 subtype.ResultsThe frequency of HLA‐B*27 was 99.87% in AS patients. Three subtypes, HLA‐B*2704, HLA‐B*2705, and HLA‐B*2706 were identified. The frequencies for these three alleles were HLA‐B*2704 in 84/88 (95.46%), HLA‐B*2705 in 3/88(3.41%), and HLA‐B*2706 in 1/88 (1.13%) of the HLA‐B*27 positive patients, respectively.ConclusionsOur study shows that HLA‐B*2704 has an overwhelming frequency in southeastern Chinese Han AS patients. A combined analysis including previous studies of HLA‐B*27‐subtype distributions in Chinese Han populations showed that HLA‐B*2704 may originate from the southern Han and then migrate and spread to the northern areas, and HLA‐B*2705 show the opposite result.
TIM‐3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Modabber Zahra , Shahbazi Mehdi , Akbari Roghayeh , Bagherzadeh Mojgan , Firouzjahi Alireza , Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi Mousa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti‐human CD39, PD‐1, TIM‐3, and anti‐human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups.ResultsWe detected overexpression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively). CD4+ TIM‐3+ CD39+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the critical patients than in HI (p < .05). Both Patient groups showed lymphopenia in comparison with HI, but CD4+ lymphocytes did not show any significant difference between study subjects. The increased amount of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count was observed in patients compared to HI.ConclusionT cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain trajectory, and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Li Haibo , Miao Chong , Xu Liangjie , Gao Haiyan , Bai Meng , Liu Wenjuan , Li Wei , Wu Zhengqin , Zhu Yibing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectory with adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in China, and 12 855 women who had a singleton birth were included. The WHO classification categorized pre‐pregnancy BMI, and five GWG trajectories were identified using the latent class growth model.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios for the risks of cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infant were significantly higher in women with whoe were overweight or obese pre‐pregnancy, but were lower in underweight (except preterm birth) than in normal weight women. Five GWG trajectories were identified: (1) retaining GWG (6.6 kg), (2) moderately slow GWG (10.5 kg), (3) moderate GWG (13.7 kg), (4) moderately fast GWG (16.3 kg), and (5) rapid GWG (19.8 kg). Compared with women in trajectory 3, the risks of cesarean delivery and LGA increase by about 35%–96% for the women in trajectory 4 or 5, whereas the women in trajectory 1 or 2 are inclined to have a higher risk of small for gestational age, but lower risk of LGA. Association of GWG trajectory with APOs varies across pre‐pregnancy BMI subgroups.ConclusionThis study highlights the influence of inappropriate pre‐pregnancy maternal weight and GWG trajectories on the risk of APOs.
Intracellular innate immunity and mechanism of action of cytosolic nucleic acid receptor‐mediated type I IFN against viruses
Authors: Liu Helene Minyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe induction of type I interferons (IFN) is critical for antiviral innate immune response. The rapid activation of antiviral innate immune responses is the key to successful clearance of evading pathogens. To achieve this, a series of proteins, including the pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), the adaptor proteins, the accessory proteins, kinases, and the transcription factors, are all involved and finely orchestrated. The magnitude and latitude of type I IFN induction however are distinctly regulated in different tissues. A set of interferon simulated genes (ISGs) are then expressed in response to type I IFN signaling to set the cells in the antiviral state. In this review, how type I IFN is induced by viral infections by intracellular PRRs and how type I IFN triggers the expression of downstream effectors will be discussed.
Impact of a veterans affairs primary care collaboration to provide remote team‐based care and telehealth introductory pharmacy practice experiences
Authors: Carr‐Lopez Sian M. , Strohecker Lorrie A. , Miyahara Randell K. , Patel Rajul A. , Mai Yvonne T. , Shek Allen , Law Elaine J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDeveloping remote team‐based care and telehealth introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) in primary care is desirable. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) endorses interdisciplinary teams to provide primary care services for Veterans and utilizes clinical dashboards to support population management. Pharmacy students, during IPPEs, can perform several patient care activities typically done by VA team members.ObjectiveThe primary objective was to describe the economic impact of a collaboration between a VA health care system and a school of pharmacy to provide remote IPPEs.MethodsDuring Fall 2019, activities of second‐year pharmacy students in a required VA population health IPPE were tracked. Select population management activities typically conducted by nurses, clinical pharmacy specialists (CPS), or primary care providers were assigned to pharmacy students. Students were granted remote access privileges to VA's electronic health record (EHR) and precepted by VA CPS at the university. Students performed prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) activities, reviewed outside medical records for laboratory results, ordered laboratory tests, conducted telephone pain assessments, and documented progress notes. The average time to complete each function and the average salary for the team member who typically completed the function was used to perform a cost‐benefit analysis.ResultsDuring the semester, 58 students spent 2 hours per week in the IPPE. Students wrote 2118 PDMP progress notes, ordered 1723 laboratory tests for provider signature and sent patients laboratory reminder letters, entered 171 outside laboratory results into VA's EHR, and conducted 183 pain assessments. The semester cost of preceptor salaries was $13 937. Direct benefits to the health system included a salary savings of $24 388.56 to $31 402.03. The net benefit of $10 451.56 to $17 465 resulted in a 75% to 125% return on investment.ConclusionIdentifying practice‐appropriate experiences for pharmacy students enabled active participation in remote team‐based care and telehealth activities, facilitated primary care student experiences, and offered cost savings to the health care system.
Pilot of a pharmacist‐integrated interprofessional team to optimize prescribing in a telemedicine palliative care clinic
Authors: Shirley Lauren , DiScala Sandra , Brooks Abigail , Vartan Christine M. , Silverman Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe rapidly growing number of frail elderly patients is leading to a greater need for palliative care services. Palliative care clinical pharmacy specialists (CPSs) can improve quality of care through comprehensive symptom and medication management. Incorporating pharmacists into palliative care through telemedicine meets complex pharmacotherapy needs of Veterans who have difficulty accessing care due to advanced illness.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this quality improvement project was to pilot a pharmacist‐integrated palliative care team clinic utilizing telemedicine to optimize palliative prescribing for Veterans and to describe CPS outcomes related to pharmacotherapy changes implemented. A secondary outcome was to assess Veteran satisfaction with assessments completed via telephone post visit.MethodsA CPS was integrated into the existing palliative care team beginning December 1, 2019 with video and audio telemedicine clinic appointments offered through May 31, 2020. The CPS completed comprehensive medication regimen reviews, assessed symptoms, and addressed medication‐related concerns during the visit. Recommendations for deprescribing opportunities and symptomatic management were provided to the consulting provider and/or primary treatment team. Recommendations made and those implemented within 30 days of the appointment were documented. Veteran satisfaction assessments were completed via telephone 14‐30 days after the clinic visit.ResultsThe palliative care team integrated a CPS and completed 25 consults via telemedicine technology between December 2019 and May 2020. The pharmacotherapy implementation rate was 60% (119/200) including a deprescribing rate of 57% (72/126), decreasing polypharmacy and potentially resulting in a decrease in adverse drug events. Veterans were on average very satisfied with their visit, with an assessment response rate of 56% (14/25).ConclusionPharmacist involvement with the palliative care team decreased polypharmacy, optimized symptom management, and increased use of telemedicine technology. Veterans were overall satisfied with the care received by the palliative care team via telemedicine technology.
On the maximum number of odd cycles in graphs without smaller odd cycles
Authors: Grzesik Andrzej , Kielak Bartłomiej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe prove that for each odd integer , every graph on vertices without odd cycles of length less than contains at most cycles of length . This extends the previous results on the maximum number of pentagons in triangle‐free graphs, conjectured by Erdős in 1984, and asymptotically determines the generalized Turán number for odd . In contrary to the previous results on the pentagon case, our proof is not computer‐assisted.