bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in High‐Resolution MRI Postmortem brain imaging: Histological examination on cells exclusively exhibiting White Matter Hyperintensities made possible using a novel, 3D printed, reusable, imaging container and cutting guide
Authors: Berardinelli Jacob , Li Jinghang , Farhat Nadim , Liou Jr‐Jiun , Sajewski Andrea , Santini Tales , Wu Minjie , Mettenburg Joseph , Aizenstein Howard J , Ikonomovic Milos D , Kofler Julia , Ibrahim Tamer S 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEmploying a custom 60‐channel single‐transmit/32‐channel receive Tic‐Tac‐Toe (TTT) coil in 7T MRI imaging has enhanced the resolution and contrast for identifying White Matter Hyperintensities (WMHs), which are critical markers in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD).MethodThe method involves resecting the left hemisphere of the brain, excluding the cerebellum, followed by embalming in 10% formalin. 1.5% agar and 30% sucrose by weight are heated and mixed for embedding in the container. The brain is positioned in the cutting guide and inserted into the base (Figure 1). Agar is meticulously poured ensuring minimal air bubble formation in the sulci and ventricles with additional agar pipetted as needed. The lid is then attached, more agar is added until the container is filled, and the cap is secured. The container is sealed in plastic to safeguard the coil from potential liquid damage and isolate the tissue/formalin while scanning. The imaging protocol includes a B1+ map at 3.2mm, MP2RAGE at 0.4mm, GRE at .37mm, and T2‐SPACE at .36mm all isotropic resolutions. The high‐resolution T2‐weighted SPACE is used for WMH segmentation and quantification. The MP2RAGE provides a T1‐weighted image for further data analysis registration to gross anatomy as well as in vivo scans.ResultThis protocol has been applied to 120 brain specimens to date, with representative MR images in Figure 2. The techniques afford pathologists flexibility in slicing the brain into coronal or axial parallel 5 mm slabs at various angles. See Figure 3 for a visual representation of the progression of the container design and of the cutting process.ConclusionThis innovative combination of the cutting guide, container, and the custom 7T TTT coil is reusable and reliable. It accommodates various brain sizes, offers precise cutting options, ensures fast and accurate image registration to in vivo and gross anatomy, and achieves homogeneous B1 fields, culminating in superior research data. The described method is subject to ongoing refinement for enhanced efficiency, with iterative optimization of the container’s shape, size, and function through 3D printing.This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01MH111265, R01AG063525, T32MH119168, and U19AG068054.
Sequential neuroanatomical pattern of TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 type C propagation using imaging and pathological findings
Authors: Yadollahikhales Golnaz , Lang Ellisa , Lorca‐Puls Diego L. , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Pillai Janhavi , Miller Zachary , Deleon Jessica , Ulugut Hulya , Grinberg Lea T. , Spina Salvatore , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William , Tempini Maria Luisa Gorno 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)‐ TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP) type C is commonly associated with a clinical diagnosis of semantic dementia (SD). Although anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is one of the primary atrophy centers, it is yet to be defined which other areas are involved in the TDP‐type C pathology early in the disease course.MethodsWe included 16 patients with autopsy‐confirmed FTLD‐TDP type C from the database of the UCSF Memory and Aging Center: 13 patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and predominant left ATL atrophy, and 3 patients with semantic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (sbvFTD) and predominant right ATL atrophy. The inclusion criteria required a high‐resolution T1‐weighted MRI scan within four years of disease onset, a Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 21, clinical dementia rating (CDR) ≤ 1 and CDR‐sum of boxes (SOB) ≤ 9. We employed voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) in SPM12 to identify regions of significant atrophy comparing the SD patients to a group of healthy controls (HC) (N = 29, Mean age 67+6, female = 19). Additionally, we developed a composite neurodegeneration score by summing the neuron loss scores with the mean values of astrogliosis and microvacuolation, as assessed by a neuropathologist.ResultsVoxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis comparing SD patients to healthy controls revealed greatest atrophy in the left temporal pole, with subsequent involvement of the left amygdala, entorhinal area, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal area, and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Conversely, the lingual gyrus and inferior occipital area followed by right postcentral, precentral, and angular gyri exhibited the least volume loss. These imaging findings align with autopsy results, indicating that areas with the highest and least volume loss correspond to regions with greater and lower neurodegenerative changes, respectively.ConclusionsOur results highlighted the potential trajectory of TDP‐type C pathology over the disease course which likely originates in the ATL and extends posteriorly and inferiorly to affect the ITG and parahippocampal regions. The progression pattern suggests that sensorimotor centers and the angular gyrus, as well as the regions associated with primary visual processing, tend to be compromised in the later stages of the disease based on both imaging and neuropathological findings
Retinal dysfunction in APOE4 knock‐in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Abhyankar Surabhi D. , Luo Qianyi , Hartman Gabriella D. , Mahajan Neha , Corson Timothy W. , Oblak Adrian L. , Lamb Bruce T. , Bhatwadekar Ashay D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLate‐onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is the predominant form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a strong genetic risk factor for LOAD. As an integral part of the central nervous system, the retina displays a variety of abnormalities in LOAD. Our study is focused on age‐dependent retinal impairments in humanized APOE4‐knock‐in (KI) and APOE3‐KI mice developed by the Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL‐AD) consortium.METHODSAll the experiments were performed on 52‐ to 57‐week‐old mice. The retina was assessed by optical coherence tomography, fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography, electroretinography, optomotor response, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. mRNA sequencing was performed to find molecular pathways.RESULTSAPOE4‐KI mice showed impaired retinal structure, vasculature, function, vision, increased gliosis and neuroinflammation, and downregulation of synaptogenesis.DISCUSSIONThe APOE ε4 allele is associated with increased susceptibility to retinal degeneration compared to the APOE ε3 allele.Highlights
Apolipoprotein E (APOE)4 mice exhibit structural and functional deficits of the retina.
The retinal defects in APOE4 mice are attributed to increased neuroinflammation.
APOE4 mice show a unique retinal transcriptome, yet with key brain similarities.
The retina offers a non‐invasive biomarker for the detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease.
A canine model of reversible urethral sphincter insufficiency
Authors: Shokri Pourya , Tabatabaei Shahin , Ziaee Seyed Amir Mohsen , Pedram Mir Sepehr , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Shakhssalim Nasser 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study developed an animal model with internal and external urethral sphincter insufficiency by bypassing the sphincter without major damage so that the animal under study can return to normal life after the study. There is a need for a reliable, applicable, and reproducible animal model for studying urinary incontinency disease due to incorrect sphincter function. Seven adult male dogs were used for this study. The urethral sphincter was bypassed by inserting a catheter between the bladder neck and the distal sphincter. The animals' physical condition was closely monitored for 9 weeks, and standard urodynamic and radiologic studies were performed before and 1–2 months after surgery. The animals were killed at 9 weeks after surgery for pathological assessment. Catheter placement caused complete incontinence in the animal, with urodynamic assessments indicating that the animal was unable to control urination and radiological assessments indicating an empty bladder with a residual volume of 50 ± 10 cc. Tissue analysis did not show significant histological damage and inflammation. The study shows that by bypassing the urethral sphincter, which is a reliable and reproducible method, an animal model of urinary incontinence can be developed, which can be used in various studies such as assessing the adequacy of artificial sphincter function. The animals under study did not have any permanent defect, so they were able to return to their normal life.
Enantioselective [3+2] Annulation of Aldimines with Alkynes by Scandium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Mishra Aniket , Hu Jiameng , Cong Xuefeng , Zhuo Qingde , Nishiura Masayoshi , Luo Gen , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe enantioselective [3+2] annulation of readily accessible aldimines with alkynes via C−H activation is, in principle, a straightforward and atom‐efficient route for synthesizing chiral 1‐aminoindenes, which are important components in a wide array of natural products, bioactive molecules, and functional materials. However, such asymmetric transformation has remained undeveloped to date due to the lack of suitable chiral catalysts. Here, we report for the first time the enantioselective [3+2] annulation of aldimines with alkynes via C−H activation using chiral half‐sandwich scandium catalysts. This protocol enabled the synthesis of diverse multi‐substituted chiral 1‐aminoindene derivatives with 100 % atom‐efficiency, broad substrate scope, and high regio‐ and enantioselectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses have revealed that a noncovalent C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between a tert‐Bu substituent in the chiral cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand and the phenyl ring of an aromatic aldimine substrate played an important role in achieving a high level of enantioselectivity. This work not only offers an efficient and selective route for synthesizing a new family of chiral 1‐aminoindene derivatives but also offers unprecedented insights into enantioselectivity control in chiral Cp‐ligated metal catalysts.
Spatially Isomeric Fulleropyrrolidines Enable Controlled Stacking of Perovskite Colloids for High‐Performance Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jingfu , Luo Jiefeng , Li Yuqing , Chen Xingyu , Song Zhiyu , Hou Enlong , Sun Chao , Zhang Hui , Cheng Shuo , Xing Yiming , Chen Shanshan , Zhao Xinjing , Xie Liqiang , Tian Chengbo , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe advancement of tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) has been severely hindered by the poor controllability of perovskite crystal growth and the energy level mismatch between the perovskite and fullerene‐based electron transport layer (ETL). Here, we synthesized three cis‐configured pyridyl‐substituted fulleropyrrolidines (PPF), specifically 2‐pyridyl (PPF2), 3‐pyridyl (PPF3), and 4‐pyridyl (PPF4), and utilized them as precursor additives to regulate the crystallization kinetics during film formation. The spatial distance between the two pyridine groups in PPF2, PPF3, and PPF4 increases sequentially, enabling PPF4 to interact with more perovskite colloidal particles. These interactions effectively enlarge the precursor colloid size and decelerate the crystallization rate of the perovskite, resulting in high‐quality PPF4‐based perovskite films with reduced defect density and lower exciton binding energy. Additionally, we incorporated a well‐defined fullerene bis‐adduct, C60BB, as an interlayer between the perovskite and PCBM layers to optimize energy level alignment. Through the synergistic effects of PPF4 and C60BB, our champion device achieved an efficiency of 16.05 % (certified: 15.86 %), surpassing the 16 % efficiency bottleneck and setting a new benchmark for TPSCs. Moreover, the devices exhibited outstanding stability, retaining 99 % of their initial efficiency after 600 hours of maximum power point tracking under 1 sun condition.
“Double‐Gene” Small Molecule as Guest Component Promotes the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Beyond 19.5 %
Authors: Deng Jiawei , Liu Jiabin , Jin Chengkai , Huang Shaorong , Zhang Shijing , Qin Zhao , Xie Jiaping , Liu Lin , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroduction of a guest component into the active layer is a simple yet effective approach to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite various guest components successfully employed in the OSCs, efficient guest components require deliberate design and ingenious inspiration, which still remains a big challenge for developing high performance OSCs. In this work, we propose a concept of “structural gene” engineering to create a new “double‐gene” small molecule (L‐DBDD) by simply combining the structures of both donor PM6 and acceptor L8‐BO. L‐DBDD inherit the features of both donor and acceptor, which naturally acts as a bridge between donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces to strengthen D/A interactions and compatibility. Incorporation of this “double‐gene” small molecule into the active layer can facilitate rapid charge dissociation and simultaneously optimize molecular packing for efficient charge transport. Consequently, the ternary OSC based on PM6 : L‐DBDD : L8‐BO blend achieves a top power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.51 %, significantly suppressing the binary control device (PCE=18.52 %). These results demonstrate that the design concept of “double‐gene” small molecule by combination of the “structural gene” of donor and acceptor provides a simple and meaningful guideline for guest component‐assisted highly efficient OSCs.
Photocatalyzed Azidofunctionalization of Alkenes via Radical‐Polar Crossover
Authors: Palamini Pierre , Schoepfer Alexandre A. , Waser Jerome 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe azidofunctionalization of alkenes under mild conditions using commercially available starting materials and easily accessible reagents is reported based on a radical‐polar crossover strategy. A broad range of alkenes, including vinyl arenes, enamides, enol ethers, vinyl sulfides, and dehydroamino esters, were regioselectively functionalized with an azide and nucleophiles such as azoles, carboxylic acids, alcohols, phosphoric acids, oximes, and phenols. The method led to a more efficient synthesis of 1,2‐azidofunctionalized pharmaceutical intermediates when compared to previous approaches, resulting in both reduction of step count and increase in overall yield. The scope and limitations of these transformations were further investigated through a standard unbiased selection of 15 substrate combinations out of 1,175,658 possible using a clustering technique.
An Efficient Ultra‐Narrowband Yellow Emitter Based on a Double‐Boron‐Embedded Tetraazacyclophane
Authors: Hu Jia‐Jun , Liang Xiao , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Liang Jia‐Qi , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Yuan Li , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zheng You‐Xuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUltra‐narrowband and highly modifiable multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials are crucial for realizing high‐performance wide‐color‐gamut display applications. Despite progress, most MR‐TADF emitters remain confined to blue and green wavelengths, with difficulties extending into longer wavelengths without significant spectral broadening, which compromises color purity in full‐color organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. In this work, we present a novel tetraazacyclophane‐based architecture embedding dual boron atoms to remarkedly enhance intramolecular charge transfer through the strategic positioning of boron and nitrogen atoms. This arrangement induces a substantial redshift while maintaining structural rigidity and molecular orbital symmetry, with a hole‐electron central distance of 0 Å, allowing for ultra‐narrowband emission. The resulting MR‐TADF material, HBN, delivers yellow emission peaking at 572 nm (2.168 eV) with an impressively narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 17 nm (0.064 eV) in dilute toluene. Moreover, the corresponding phosphorescent‐sensitized fluorescence OLED achieves yellow emission maximum at 581 nm, with a narrow FWHM of 25 nm, a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 36.1 %, and a luminance exceeding 40,000 cd m−2. These outstanding photoluminescent and electroluminescent performances validate the superiority of our molecular design strategy, highlighting its significant potential for cutting‐edge optoelectronic applications.
On the Role of Hydrogen Migrations in the Taxadiene System
Authors: Li Heng , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTaxa‐4,11‐diene is made by the taxa‐4,11‐diene synthase (TxS) from Taxus brevifolia. The unique reactivity of the taxane system is characterised by long distance hydrogen migrations in the biosynthesis. This study demonstrates that selective long range hydrogen migrations also play a role in the high energy process of the EI‐MS fragmentation of taxa‐4,11‐diene. A TxS enzyme variant was generated that produces cyclophomactene, a compound that is formed through a concerted process involving a long range proton shift and a ring closure that can also be described as the addition of a methylcarbinyl cation to an olefin. Based on a previous computational study the cyclisation mechanism towards taxa‐4,11‐diene was suggested to involve two long distance proton migrations instead of one direct transfer. A substrate analog with a shifted double bond was converted with TxS to obtain experimental evidence for this proposal.
Innate Immune Activation with Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Xiaomin , Lin Wenbin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers by leveraging the immune system to combat malignancies. However, its efficacy is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and other regulatory mechanisms of the immune system. Innate immune modulators (IIMs) provide potent immune activation to complement adaptive immune responses and help overcome resistance to ICB. This minireview provides an overview of IIMs and their roles in antitumor immune responses and summarizes recent advances in developing nanotechnology to enhance the delivery of IIMs to tumors for potentiating cancer immunotherapy and mitigating systemic toxicity. We discuss innovative nanoparticle platforms for the delivery of IIMs targeting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes pathway, the toll‐like receptor pathway, and the retinoic acid‐inducible gene I‐like receptor pathway. We review the preliminary clinical readouts of representative IIM nanoptherapeutics and highlight the development of multifunctional nanoparticles for combination treatments of IIMs with conventional treatment mdoalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynmic therapy, and tumor antigens. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned from the existing systems, the challenges in the field, and future perspectives for this exciting field of nanotherapeutics for cancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation of Biological Activity of a Lepidium meyenii (Maca) Polysaccharide‐Zinc Complex
Authors: Yang Xiufeng , Chen Rui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTZinc, an important metal element in the human body, fulfills multiple biological roles, such as influence on cell division and differentiation. In this paper, a Maca polysaccharide‐zinc (MPS‐Zn) complex was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation process. A granular MPS‐Zn complex with 0.2360 μg/mg Zn was obtained at 60°C and pH = 3.0 for 60 min. The antioxidant activities of this MPS‐Zn complex were evaluated by the free radical scavenging activity toward DPPH and ABTS. The rate of ABTS free radical scavenging of 4.0 mg/mL MPS‐Zn complex is equal to that of control group (vitamin C). The abilities of this complex against three cancer cell lines including breast cancer MCF‐7, colon cancer SW480, and liver cancer SMMC‐7721 were used to evaluate its antiproliferative activity by MTS assay. The results demonstrate that this complex has an inhibitory effect on the above cancer cell lines. Especially, the inhibitory effect of it on colon cancer SW480 is more effective than that of cisplatin. The toxicity of this complex on human normal pulmonary epithelial cell BEAS‐2B is lower than that of taxol and cisplatin. This complex has the potential use as the zinc‐containing nutritional food and/or anticancer drug.
Synthesis and Thermal Degradation Kinetics of PA6T/66 and PA6T/610 Copolyamides
Authors: Yang Yuhao , Pu Zejun , Zhong Jiachun , Meng Chihan , Peng Qiuxia , Yu Dayang , Zheng Pan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPA6T is one of the most typical high‐temperature resistant polyamides, which is widely used in military, transportation and communication fields. As an engineering plastic, thermal stability is a very important point, although there are many studies on copolyamide PA6T, but the in‐depth analysis of its heat resistance and thermal degradation process is rarely studied. Therefore, two copolyamides, PA6T/66 and PA6T/610, were synthesized by high temperature and high pressure solution polycondensation method, and their thermal degradation processes and kinetic mechanisms were analyzed in depth. Firstly, the structure and composition of both were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The results showed that copolyamide was synthesized successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric infrared comprehensive analysis (TG‐IR) were used to analyze the heat resistance and degradation products of the two copolyamides PA6T. The results of TGA showed that the initial decomposition temperature of the two copolyamides was about 400°C, and the temperature of PA6T/610 was slightly higher. TG‐IR results showed that both copolyamides maintained good thermal stability before 350°C, without the generation of degradation products and their corresponding obvious characteristic absorption peaks. Thermal decomposition products increased significantly at about 400°C, and gradually became complete after 450°C. By comparing the Kissinger method, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method (FWO), and Coats‐Redfern method (CR), the thermal degradation activation energy and kinetic reaction mechanism of the two copolyamides were obtained.
Model‐Based Method for Local Monitoring of Steel Structures
Authors: Goedeke Arne 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel method for monitoring steel structures for fatigue cracks. The method combines measurements from strain gauges (SG) with pre‐conducted structural simulations to quantitatively and precisely determine the position and length of cracks in critical areas. Experimental results validate the reliability and effectiveness of this approach, demonstrating its ability to enable early crack detection. A key advantage of this method is its simplicity: it requires only three strain gauge bridges (one reference SG and two for crack detection). This makes the approach both cost‐efficient and flexible. It is particularly suited for localized monitoring tasks and offers significant benefits over other, often more complex, methods.