bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
68Ga-labeled ODAP-Urea-based PSMA Agents in Prostate Cancer: First-in-human Imaging of an Optimized Agent
Authors: Duan Xiaojiang , Cao Zhen , Zhu Hua , Liu Chen , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Jinming , Ren Yanan , Liu Futao , Cai Xuekang , Guo Xiaoyi , Xi Zhen , G.Pomer Martin , Yang Zhi , Fan Yan , Yang Xing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for prostate cancer imaging and therapy. The most commonly used scaffold incorporates a glutamate-urea (Glu-Urea) function. We recently developed oxalyldiaminopropionic acid-urea (ODAP-Urea) PSMA ligands in an attempt to improve upon the pharmacokinetic properties of existing agents. Here we report the synthesis of an optimized 68 Ga-labeled ODAP-Urea-based ligand, [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 , and first-in-human results. Methods: Twelve ODAP-Urea-based ligands were synthesized and radiolabeled with 68 Ga in high radiochemical yield and purity. Their PSMA inhibitory capacities were determined using the NAALADase assay. Radioligands were evaluated in mice bearing 22Rv1 prostate tumors by microPET. Lead compound [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 was evaluated for stability, cell uptake and biodistribution. PET imaging of [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 was performed in three patients head-to-head compared to [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617. Results : Ligands were synthesized in 11.1%-44.4% yield and >95% purity. They have high affinity to PSMA( K i of 0.13 NM to 5.47 nM). [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 was stable and hydrophilic. [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 showed higher uptake than [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in tumor-bearing mice at 6.43 ± 0.98 %ID/g vs 3.41 ± 1.31 %ID/g at 60 min post-injection. In humans studies, the normal organ biodistribution of [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 was grossly equivalent to that of [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 except for within the urinary tract, in which [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 demonstrated lower uptake. Conclusion: The optimized ODAP-Urea-based ligand [ 68 Ga]Ga-P 137 can image PSMA in xenograft models and humans, with lower bladder accumulation to the Glu-Urea-based agent, [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, in a preliminary, first-in-human study.
A Constructed and Validated Nomogram for Preoperatively Predicting Cancer-specific Survival Rates in Pediatric Patients with Brainstem Malignant Gliomas: A SEER-based Study
Authors: Che wenqiang , Lyu Jun , Li Chengzhuo , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Pediatric patients diagnosed with brainstem malignant gliomas (BSMGs) have a poor prognosis. Our study aimed to construct and validate a prognostic nomogram to preoperatively predict the cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates in these patients.Methods: From 1998 to 2016, we extracted patients' data from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. A total of 1160 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into training and validating groups. Subsequently, the Cox regression analysis was used to screen variables. Then, the nomogram was constructed. Lastly, we calculated C-indexes and plotted calibration curves and the utility of decision curve analyses (DCAs) to assess our survival model's benefits.Result: Here, after multivariate cox regression analysis, we established four variables for constructing nomogram for CSS rates. Subsequently, the C-index, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration curves were used to confirm the nomogram's good performance. DCAs of the nomogram indicated that both groups obtained good 1-, 3-, and 5-year net benefits. Conclusion: The nomogram model for preoperatively predicting CSS provided a convenient and practical tool to assess pediatric patients' prognosis with BSMG.
The Role and Effectiveness of School-Based Extra-Curricular Interventions on Children’s Health and HIV Related Behaviour: The Case Study of Soul Buddyz Clubs Programme in South Africa
Authors: Letsela Lebohang , Jana Michael , Pursell-Gotz Rebecca , Kodisang Phinah , Weiner Renay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper sought to examine the role and effectiveness of an extra-curricular school based programme, Soul Buddyz Clubs (SBC) on HIV knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and biomedical outcomes. Secondary data analysis was performed on survey data of a nationally representative sample that was restricted to 10 -14-year-old males and females, using bivariate and multivariate methods in Stata14. Fifteen focus group discussions and 24 in-depth interviews conducted with SBC members, programme implementers and stakeholders in five provinces were analysed using thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti. The results indicated that 12% of respondents were exposed to SBC. Children exposed to SBC were more likely to be medically circumcised (AOR 2.38; 95%CI 1.29 -4.40, p=0.006), had correct HIV knowledge (AOR 2.21; 95%CI 1.36 – 3.57, p<0.001) and had less stigmatising attitudes (AOR 0.54; 95%CI 0.31-0.93, p=0.025) – in comparison to those not exposed. Qualitative findings also supported some of the quantitative results. SBC members reported having learnt about HIV prevention life skills, including condom use, positive attitudes towards people living with HIV, and alcohol abuse. Participation in SBC is associated with accessing biomedical HIV prevention services, specifically MMC, correct HIV prevention knowledge and less stigmatizing attitudes. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a school-based extracurricular intervention using a club approach targeting boys and girls ages 10-14 years on some of the key HIV prevention biomarkers as well as knowledge and attitudes. The article suggests that extra-curricular interventions can form an effective component of school-based comprehensive sexuality education in preventing HIV and promoting medical male circumcision.
Bjerknes Compensation in a Coupled Global Box Model
Authors: Shi Jiaqi , Yang Haijun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Earth climate system has an intrinsic mechanism to maintain its energy conservation by impelling opposite changes in meridional ocean and atmosphere heat transports, in response to climate change or variability. This mechanism is briefed as the Bjerknes compensation (BJC). We set up a global coupled two-hemisphere box model in this study, and obtain an analytical solution to the BJC of this system. In the two-hemisphere model, the thermohaline circulation is interhemispheric and parameterized by the density difference between two polar boxes. The symmetric poleward atmosphere heat and moisture transports are considered and parameterized by the temperature gradient between tropical and polar boxes. Different from the BJC in the one-hemisphere box model that depends only on the local climate feedback, the BJC here is determined by both local climate feedback and temperature change. The asymmetric thermohaline circulation leads to a better BJC in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. Furthermore, an analytical solution to the probability of a valid BJC (i.e., negative BJC) is derived, which is determined only by the local climate feedback. The probability of a valid BJC is usually very high under reasonable climate feedback, which is also found to be robust in the real world based on observational data, implying that the Earth climate system maintains it energy balance very well during the past one hundred years.
Biochar and DMPP Regulated Root-Zone CO2, N2O and CH4 Emissions of Soil-Ridged/Substrate-Embedded Cultivation Sweet Pepper in Chinese Solar Greenhouse
Authors: Li Baoshi , Liu Wenke K. , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Northern China is a major production area for off-season vegetables in Chinese solar greenhouse. Usually, greenhouse gas emission flux and coefficient in Chinese solar greenhouse are higher than those in the open field. The reason for this phenomenon is heavy nitrogen (N) fertilization (esp. chemical N and organic manure N) and frequent irrigation during year-round cultivation. A novel substrate cultivation method for vegetable production in Chinese solar greenhouse, called soil-ridged/substrate-embedded cultivation (SSC), was put forward to reduce environmental pollution and increase use efficiency of nutrients. To clarify the characteristics of SSC root-zone greenhouse gas emissions, and the regulation effects of biochar and DMPP addition, five treatments were designed in Chinese solar greenhouse under the same nitrogen application level, including soil-ridge cultivation (SC, as a control), SSC (peat: vermiculite: perlite (v/v = 2:1:1), SSC-B50% (biochar: vermiculite: perlite,v/v = 2:1:1), SSC-B25% (biochar: peat: vermiculite: perlite, v/v = 1:1:1:1), and SSC-DMPP (SSC supplemented with 1% (w/w) DMPP of N fertilizer). Results showed that SSC improved fruit yield of sweet pepper of by 10.99% compared to SC. SSC-B50% and SSC-DMPP significantly improved sweet pepper growth compared to SSC. Moreover, SSC-DMPP increased sweet pepper yield by 10.30% compared to SSC treatment, while SSC-B50% and SSC-B25% treatments lowered the yield by 47.1% and 13.7% separately. Five treatments presented various root-zone temperature features. Also, substrate pH of SC, SSC-B50%, and SSC-B25% is alkaline, while SSC and SSC-DMPP treatments is acidic. Besides, the Global Warming Potential was significantly mitigated in the SSC cultivation compared with the SC. Similarly, the greenhouse gas intensity decreased from 0.074 to 0.038 kg CO2-eq kg− 1 yield. Compared with the SSC treatment, cumulative N2O emissions were significantly reduced in the SSC-DMPP treatment. The greenhouse gas intensity also decreased from 0.038 to 0.033 kg CO2-eq kg− 1 yield. Thus, we concluded that SSC was a promising method characterized with reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased fruit yield. Application of DMPP in SSC cultivation significantly reduced N2O emissions. We recommend SSC method use in Chinese solar greenhouse with DMPP addition in substrate to optimize greenhouse gas mission.
A new perspective of countable and uncountable infinite set on Georg Cantor’s definition in set theory
Authors: Chen Shee-Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Georg Cantor defined countable and uncountable sets for infinite sets. Natural number set is defined as a countable set, and real number set is proven as an uncountable set by Cantor’s diagonal method. However, in this paper, natural number set will be proven as an uncountable set using Cantor’s diagonal method, and real number set will be proven as a countable set by Cantor’s definition. The process of argumentation provides us new perspectives to consider about the size of infinite sets.
Classifying household water use into indoor and outdoor use from a rudimentary data set: a case study in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Meyer Bettina Elizabeth , Jacobs Heinz Erasmus , Ilemobade Adeshola 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Distinguishing between indoor use and outdoor use is becoming increasingly important, especially in water-scarce regions, since outdoor use is typically targeted during water restrictions. Household water use is typically measured at a single water meter, and the resolution of the metered data is typically too coarse to employ on commercially available disaggregation software, such as flow trace analysis. This study is the first to classify end-use events from a rudimentary data set, into indoor use or outdoor use. This case study was conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa, and quantified the volume of water used indoors and outdoors at 63 residential properties over 217 days. A recently developed model for classifying water use events as either indoor or outdoor, based on rudimentary water meter data, was employed in this study. A total of 212,060 single end-use events were classified as being either indoor or outdoor. The indoor and outdoor consumptions were compared with survey results. It was found that 30% of all events were outdoor, based on the total volume.
Does each bead count? A reduced-cost approach for recovering waterborne protozoa from challenge water using immunomagnetic separation
Authors: Fava Natália de Melo Nasser , Silva Kamila Jessie Sammarro , Snelling William John , Ternan Nigel George , Dooley James Stephen Gerard , Sabogal-Paz Lyda Patricia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are two of the most prominent aetiological agents of waterborne diseases. Therefore, efficient and affordable methodologies for identifying and quantifying these parasites in water are increasingly necessary. USEPA Method 1623.1 is a widely used and validated protocol for detecting these parasites in water samples. It consists of a concentration step, followed by parasite purification and visualization by immunofluorescence microscopy. Although efficient, this method has a high cost particularly due to the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) step, which is most needed with complex and highly contaminated samples. Based on this, the present study aimed to determine whether it is possible to maintain the efficiency of Method 1623.1 while reducing the amount of beads per reaction, using as a matrix the challenge water recommended by the World Health Organization. As for Giardia cysts, a satisfactory recovery efficiency (RE) was obtained using 50% less IMS beads. This was evaluated both with a commercial cyst suspension (56.1% recovery) and an analytical quality assessment (47.5% recovery). Although RE rates obtained for Cryptosporidium parvum did not meet Method 1623.1 criteria in any of the experimental conditions tested, results presented in this paper indicated the relevance of the described adaptations, even in challenge water.
Development of ATP13A2-deficient In vitro Model for PARK9 Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ng Khuen Yen , Yap Yiing Jye , Chowdhury Md Ezharul Hoque , Koh Rhun Yian , Chye Soi Moi , Leong Voon Kenny Gah , Othman Iekhsan 
Published: March 2021

Background:
PARK9 familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by a loss-of-function
mutation in the ATP13A2 gene in which the mutation impairs the autophagic-lysosomal degradation
pathway and induces intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein. RNA interference has been a
useful tool in generating in vitro knockdown model to study the physiological role of the gene. However,
the availability of a validated ATP13A2-deficient in vitro model is limited.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop the ATP13A2-deficient PD model by delivering ATP13A2
siRNA into neuroblastoma cells using carbonate apatite nanoparticles (CA NPs).

Methods:
CA NPs were fabricated using different concentrations of calcium chloride and characterised
in the presence or absence of ATP13A2 siRNA. Time-dependent stabilities of CA NPs and CA
NPs-associated siRNA (CA-siRNA) complex were evaluated by pH, turbidity, size, and zeta potential
measurements. The dissolution abilities at acidic conditions of both complexes were investigated.
Following that, green fluorescence protein (GFP) and four different siRNAs targeting ATP13A2
(siRNA_5, 6, 7, and 8) were transfected to cells with the fabricated CA NPs. Western blot was performed
to determine the knockdown effect of the four siRNAs.

Results:
It was found that 4 mM calcium chloride was ideal for CA NP formation, while an incubation
time of 48 hours was required to maintain the stability of nanoparticles. Successful transfection
was confirmed by detection of fluorescence signal from the GFP plasmid and the subsequent silencing
of this signal by transfecting GFP siRNA. Western blot analysis revealed that ATP13A2 protein
expression was significantly reduced to 20% upon transfection with 20 nM of siRNA_5.

Conclusion:
ATP13A2-deficient PD model was successfully developed.
GENDARMERIE ACTING IMPROVEMENT IN COUNTERING TERRORISM
Authors: Stevcic Stevan 
Published: March 2021

When considering terrorist acts as those whose modus operandi could be described as a non-selective punctual immediate physical violence with heavy consequences directed against a group of people, we can say that it is a phenomenon encountered by the security apparatus of many contemporary countries. Such modus operandi, characterized by a high level of cruelty and impudency, causing the great number of victims, deterrence and public disturbances, is very closely connected with the acts mentioned. The trend of such acts is on the increase, and they are more often performed as the representative form of terrorism, as the complex form of political violence, as well as other heavy crimes, and set a task for the security offices to find effective mechanisms to confront them. This requires changes along the process of training, organization, and tactics in the Gendarmerie police officers' procedures.
PORTO, PRAÇA E PALCO: AS RUAS DA CIDADE COMO ESPAÇOS DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Guerreiro João , Reis Luísa Valença 
Published: March 2021

A partir das narrativas de encontros que se dão nas ruas, em aulas de teatro feitas em uma praça da zona portuária do Rio de Janeiro, esse artigo busca discutir as potencialidades do fazer teatral com crianças em espaços públicos. O texto contextualiza e examina as constantes modificações urbanas na zona portuária, área central do Rio de Janeiro, desde a constituição do Morro da Favela, hoje Morro da Providência, até a atualidade. Nesse processo de transformações impostas pelo poder público, a articulação dos projetos culturais e sociais do e no território atuam no sentido de articular com os moradores e habitantes da zona portuária outros usos para o espaço. O encontro de dois projetos educativos, o Viaduto Literário e o Projeto Teatro Nômade, que trabalham desde 2018 na fronteira entre os morros do Pinto e da Providência, coloca novas questões sobre a ocupação desse espaço urbano, que se apresenta então como palco e sala de aula, como um espaço de ensinoaprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Morro da Providência; Porto Maravilha; Pedagogia do teatro; Rua.
Sustainability Reporting Insights: The Case of Ford Motor Company
Authors: Bremser Wayne G. , Jermakowicz Eva K. , Reinstein Alan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This case helps students comprehend the materiality concept within the context of a sustainability reporting in the automotive industry. Students researching sustainable business reporting frameworks can use Ford Motor Company's sustainability report to understand how that company assesses key sustainability issues and integrates sustainable development initiatives within its overall business strategy. Students gauge Ford's sustainability performance and explore how the company and its peers assess the materiality of sustainability issues. They assess the motivations and judgmental nature behind sustainability reporting and challenges facing preparers. Assignable on an individual or team basis, this case introduces important, and interesting, sustainability reporting concepts and issues. With increasing investors' and other stakeholders' interest in sustainability issues, we argue that accounting programs should include this relevant topic. We view Financial Accounting courses and Accounting courses as the most appropriate opportunity to employ this case. However, we also successfully adapted this case in a Managerial Accounting course.
Spoken Error Correction Practices and Beliefs of EFL University Teachers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hanif Hira 
Published: March 2021

Despite the wealth of knowledge in the field of oral corrective feedback, empirical evidence is still scarce regarding the EFL teachers’ OCF perceptions and practices in Saudi Arabian context. This study therefore, sought to gain an understanding of teachers’ use of oral corrective feedback (OCF) in the Saudi Arabian EFL context. The following two questions guided the study: 1) According to teachers, what are the methods/strategies by which they provide oral corrective feedback (OCF) in the Saudi Arabian EFL context? 2) Is the teachers’ oral corrective behaviour in this context informed by the research? For this purpose, a short questionnaire was designed and distributed among EFL instructors in Saudi Arabia. The research paper suggests that the OCF practices of EFL teachers in Saudi are mostly inline with the research.
Using Multi-Objective Bat Algorithm for Solving Multi-Objective Non-linear Programming Problem
Authors: Rajwan Hamood Sheah  , Iraq T. Abbas  
Published: March 2021

Human beings are greatly inspired by nature. Nature has the ability to solve very complex problems in its own distinctive way. The problems around us are becoming more and more complex in the real time and at the same instance our mother nature is guiding us to solve these natural problems. Nature gives some of the logical and effective ways to find solutions to these problems. Nature acts as an optimized source for solving the complex problems. Decomposition is a basic strategy in traditional multi-objective optimization. However, it has not yet been widely used in multi-objective evolutionary optimization.
Although computational strategies for taking care of Multi-objective Optimization Problems (MOPs) have been accessible for a long time, the ongoing utilization of Evolutionary Algorithm (EAs) to such issues gives a vehicle to tackle extremely enormous scope MOPs.
MOBATD is a multi-objective bat algorithm that incorporates the dominance concept with the decomposition approach. Whilst decomposition simplifies the MOP by rewriting it as a set of Tchebycheff Approach, solving these problems simultaneously, within the BAT framework, might lead to premature convergence because of the leader selection process which uses the Tchebycheff Approach as a criterion. Dominance plays a major role in building the leaders archive, allowing the selected leaders to cover less dense regions while avoiding local optima and resulting in a more diverse approximated Pareto front. The results from 5 standard MOPs show that the MOBATD outperforms some developmental methods based on decomposition. All the results were achieved by MATLAB (R2017b).
Desvinculación de la justicia especial de la justicia ordinaria, Provincia de Condorcanqui, Perú
Authors: Bautista Carranza Oswaldo 
Published: March 2021

<p class="Authors">El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la opinión de la desvinculación de la justicia especial de la justicia ordinaria en la Provincia de Condorcanqui, Perú. La muestra estuvo representada por 152 pobladores de las comunidades indígenas, entre ellos, apu, secretario y tesorero y 14 operadores de la justicia ordinaria. El muestreo fue aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron cuestionarios y encuestas. Se encontró que en la Provincia de Condorcanqui, el 16,77% no conoce la realidad social y la justicia especial, mientras que el 83,23% sí la conoce. En el distrito de Río Santiago el 19.23% sí la conoce y el 80,77% no la conoce, en el distrito Nieva el 16.22% sí la conoce y el 83,78% no la conoce, en el distrito El Cenepa el 15,38% sí la conoce y el 84,62% no la conoce. Se concluye que la mayoría de los pobladores de Condorcanqui desea que se desvincule la justicia especial de la ordinaria; así en Río Santiago el 82,26%, en Nieva el 54,21% y en El Cenepa el 55,56%. Las juntas directivas nativas (apu, secretario y tesorero), y los operadores de justicia en un 100% consideran que debe desvincularse la justicia especial de la ordinaria, para que no haya interferencia en las decisiones.</p>