bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Heterogeneous MoOx‐Modified CeO2 Catalyst for Michael Addition of Dimethyl Malonate to 2‐Cyclohexen‐1‐one
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Doi Yamato , Li Yingai , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMolybdenum oxide‐modified cerium oxide (MoOx−CeO2) with 1 wt % Mo acted as an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Michael addition of dimethyl malonate to 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one, providing high yield of the target product (99 %). The catalyst showed higher activity with high selectivity (>99 %) than simple metal oxides and the other combination of metal oxides and CeO2. Based on the catalyst characterization and experimental studies, MoOx species in the MoOx−CeO2 catalyst are isolated Mo6+, and the interface between the isolated MoOx and CeO2 is the active site. The activity based on the active site was about 74‐fold and 1800‐fold higher than that of CeO2 surface and the typical strong organic base of DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene), respectively.
RNA Ligation for Mono and Dually Labeled RNAs
Authors: Depaix Anaïs , Mlynarska‐Cieslak Agnieszka , Warminski Marcin , Sikorski Pawel J. , Jemielity Jacek , Kowalska Joanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLabeled RNAs are invaluable probes for investigation of RNA function and localization. However, mRNA labeling remains challenging. Here, we developed an improved method for 3′‐end labeling of in vitro transcribed RNAs. We synthesized novel adenosine 3′,5′‐bisphosphate analogues modified at the N6 or C2 position of adenosine with an azide‐containing linker, fluorescent label, or biotin and assessed these constructs as substrates for RNA labeling directly by T4 ligase or via postenzymatic strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). All analogues were substrates for T4 RNA ligase. Analogues containing bulky fluorescent labels or biotin showed better overall labeling yields than postenzymatic SPAAC. We successfully labeled uncapped RNAs, NAD‐capped RNAs, and 5′‐fluorescently labeled m7Gp3Am‐capped mRNAs. The obtained highly homogenous dually labeled mRNA was translationally active and enabled fluorescence‐based monitoring of decapping. This method will facilitate the use of various functionalized mRNA‐based probes.
Cell‐Penetrating Mitochondrion‐Targeting Ligands for the Universal Delivery of Small Molecules, Proteins and Nanomaterials
Authors: Xiao Qicai , Du Wei , Dong Xiao , Du Shubo , Ong Sing Yee , Tang Guanghui , Zhang Changyu , Yang Fen , Li Lin , Gao Liqian , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMitochondria are key organelles that perform vital cellular functions such as those related to cell survival and death. The targeted delivery of different types of cargos to mitochondria is a well‐established strategy to study mitochondrial biology and diseases. Of the various existing mitochondrion‐transporting vehicles, most suffer from poor cytosolic entry, low delivery efficiency, limited cargo types, and cumbersome preparation protocols, and none was known to be universally applicable for mitochondrial delivery of different types of cargos (small molecules, proteins, and nanomaterials). Herein, two new cell‐penetrating, mitochondrion‐targeting ligands (named MitoLigand) that are capable of effectively “tagging” small‐molecule drugs, native proteins and nanomaterials are disclosed, as well as their corresponding chemoselective conjugation chemistry. Upon successful cellular delivery and rapid endosome escape, the released native cargos were found to be predominantly localized inside mitochondria. Finally, by successfully delivering doxorubicin, a well‐known anticancer drug, to the mitochondria of HeLa cells, we showed that the released drug possessed potent cell cytotoxicity, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and finally led to apoptosis. Our strategy thus paves the way for future mitochondrion‐targeted therapy with a variety of biologically active agents.
Subphthalocyaninato Boron(III) Hydride: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Tejerina Lara , Labella Jorge , Martínez‐Fernández Lara , Corral Inés , Victoria Martínez‐Díaz M. , Torres Tomás 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSubphthalocyanine (SubPc) chemistry has been limited so far by their high sensitivity toward strong nucleophiles. In particular, the substitution of the axial chlorine atom by a nucleophilic group in the case of less‐reactive SubPcs, such as those bearing electron‐withdrawing peripheral substituents, presents some limitations and requires harsh conditions. By taking advantage of the electrophilic character of DIBAL‐H, it has been possible to prepare for the first time SubPc‐hydride derivatives that exhibit high reactivity as hydroboration reagents of aldehydes. This hydride transfer requires using a typical carbonyl activator (trimethylsilyl triflate) and only one equivalent of aldehyde, affording SubPcs with an axial benzyloxy group in good yield. This transformation has proven to be a useful alternative method for the axial functionalisation of dodecafluoroSubPc, a paradigmatic SubPc derivative, by using electrophiles for the first time. Considering the increasing interest in SubPcs as electron‐acceptor semiconductors with remarkable absorption in the visible range to replace fullerene in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, it is of the utmost importance to develop new synthetic methodologies for their axial functionalisation.
Measurements with a hydrogen electrode without pressured gas
Authors: Roscher Jessica , Holze Rudolf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Lehre wie Forschung ist die Wasserstoffbezugselektrode unerlässlich. Da sie in klassischer Ausführung den Gebrauch von Druckwasserstoff erfordert, ist ihre praktische Nutzung potentiell eingeschränkt. Ausgehend von einem Konzept einer vorgeschlagenen Wasserstoffbezugselektrode, die ohne Druckwasserstoff auskommt und dennoch alle Vorteile der konventionellen Wasserstoffbezugselektrode aufweist, wird aufgezeigt, dass diese Elektrode für gängige Praktikumsversuche ebenso korrekte Resultate zugänglich macht.
The reliability of visual ERP components in children across the first year of school
Authors: Jetha Michelle K. , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) are increasingly used as neurophysiological markers of perceptual and cognitive processes conveying risk for psychopathology. However, little is known about the reliability of ERP components during childhood, a time of substantial brain maturation. In the present study, we examine the early visual ERP components (P1, N170, VPP), frequently examined as indicators of attentional bias, for 110 children at kindergarten (T1) and first grade (T2). Children performed a Go/Nogo task at both time points, with exact stimuli changed to reduce habituation. All components showed increases in absolute amplitude and the P1 and VPP also showed decreases in latency. Retest reliability across time was good to very good for amplitude measures (Pearson rs ranging from .54 for N170 to .69 for P1) and low to very good for latencies (rs from .34 for P1 to .60 for N170), despite the change in visual stimuli. Although there was some evidence of moderation by sex, early visual ERP components appear to be a reliable measure of individual differences in attention processing in middle childhood. This has implications for the use of early visual ERP components as trait‐like markers for individual differences in perceptual processes in developmental research.
Hypertensive disorders in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: insights from the ESC EORP PPCM Registry
Authors: Jackson Alice M. , Petrie Mark C. , Frogoudaki Alexandra , Laroche Cécile , Gustafsson Finn , Ibrahim Bassem , Mebazaa Alexandre , Johnson Mark R. , Seferovic Petar M. , Regitz‐Zagrosek Vera , Mbakwem Amam , Böhm Michael , Prameswari Hawani S. , Fouad Doaa A. , Goland Sorel , Damasceno Albertino , Karaye Kamilu , Farhan Hasan A. , Hamdan Righab , Maggioni Aldo P. , Sliwa Karen , Bauersachs Johann , van der Meer Peter ,   the PPCM Investigators Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsHypertensive disorders occur in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). How often hypertensive disorders co‐exist, and to what extent they impact outcomes, is less clear. We describe differences in phenotype and outcomes in women with PPCM with and without hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.Methods and resultsThe European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme PPCM Registry enrolled women with PPCM from 2012–2018. Three groups were examined: (i) women without hypertension (PPCM‐noHTN); (ii) women with hypertension but without pre‐eclampsia (PPCM‐HTN); (iii) women with pre‐eclampsia (PPCM‐PE). Maternal (6‐month) and neonatal outcomes were compared. Of 735 women included, 452 (61.5%) had PPCM‐noHTN, 99 (13.5%) had PPCM‐HTN and 184 (25.0%) had PPCM‐PE. Compared to women with PPCM‐noHTN, women with PPCM‐PE had more severe symptoms (New York Heart Association class IV in 44.4% vs. 29.9%, P < 0.001), more frequent signs of heart failure (pulmonary rales in 70.7% vs. 55.4%, P = 0.002), a higher baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (32.7% vs. 30.7%, P = 0.005) and a smaller left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (57.4 ± 6.7 mm vs. 59.8 ± 8.1 mm, P = 0.001). There were no differences in the frequencies of death from any cause, rehospitalization for any cause, stroke, or thromboembolic events. Compared to women with PPCM‐noHTN, women with PPCM‐PE had a greater likelihood of left ventricular recovery (LVEF ≥ 50%) (adjusted odds ratio 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.21–3.57) and an adverse neonatal outcome (composite of termination, miscarriage, low birth weight or neonatal death) (adjusted odds ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.66–4.87).ConclusionDifferences exist in phenotype, recovery of cardiac function and neonatal outcomes according to hypertensive status in women with PPCM.
New Electrode Material GCE/AgNPs‐LS/Hg Based on Nanosilver Produced with the Use of Biopolymers
Authors: Konował Emilia , Modrzejewska‐Sikorska Anna , Kopaczewska Anna Maria , Karbowska Bożena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA method of producing nanosilver by using lignosulfonic acid derivative and a new method of the obtained AgNPs‐LS electrode material for developing a chemically modified GCE/AgNPs‐LS/Hg electrode is presented. The data demonstrate that the modified electrode shows enhanced performance in determining Tl+ ions in comparison to unmodified electrode GCE. The stripping anodic peak current of thallium characterized in linearity over its concentration range from 1.22 ⋅ 10−8 to 1.15 ⋅ 10−7 mol dm−3, with detection limit 4.6 ⋅ 10−9 mol dm−3. It is assumed that the novel AgNPs‐LS/Hg2+ complex is suitable for preparing functionalized nanostructured material and can be used as an electrochemical sensing platform for heavy metals.
Electrocatalytic Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Immobilized Benzoquinone
Authors: Laroussi Arwa , Raouafi Noureddine , Mirsky Vladimir M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn amperometric chemosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide is reported. The sensor is based on 1,4‐benzoquinone immobilized on the gold electrode using self‐assembled monolayer of short chain symmetrical dithiol as an anchor layer. Sensor analysis was performed by cyclic voltammetry at the potential range from −0.6 V till +0.9 V as well as in the anodic or cathodic potential ranges only. The results indicate oxidative electrochemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the potential of ∼+0.4 V leading to the formation of oxygen while at cathodic potentials a reduction of the formed oxygen as well as of the hydrogen peroxide occur. A decrease in the oxidation potential of hydrogen peroxide on the gold electrode coated by self‐assembled monolayer with 1,4‐benzoquinone in comparison with that measured on the electrodes coated by the same self‐assembled monolayer without 1,4‐benzoquinone, indicates electrocatalytic effect of this moiety on oxidative decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Analytical evaluation of the sensor performance was done in the voltammetric as well as in the chronoamperometric mode. The sensor exhibited linear response over the concentration range till 2.5 mM with a limit of detection ∼4 μM.
Impact of COVID‐19 on agricultural food: A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis
Authors: Abid Ali , Jie Shang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has put unprecedented stress on agricultural food. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the effect of the COVID‐19 outbreak on agricultural food and provide policy recommendations based on SWOT analysis to minimize risks. Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics were used for this study with a thorough literature review containing policy documents and scientific magazines in the related sector. There is enough evidence to demonstrate that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had a massive influence on agricultural food supply, largely impacting food demand as well as food insecurity. The study uses SWOT analysis to identify the highest‐priority policies that may remediate the current issues. Key strategies include developing new online resources such as digitized trade and providing a digital platform to strengthen the buyer–supplier collaboration and lower the risk of food wastage and insecurity. The government should invest in technology that contributes to the sustainable flow of agricultural products along the supply chain to prevent food crises during the pandemic.
A complementary food supplement from local food ingredients to enhance iron intake among children aged 6–59 months in Benin
Authors: Affonfere Marius , Chadare Flora Josiane , Fassinou Finagnon Toyi Kévin , Talsma Elise F. , Linnemann Anita R. , Azokpota Paulin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNutritious complementary feeding is often not affordable in Benin, and iron deficiency exists. This research aimed at formulating an affordable and sensory acceptable complementary food supplement using local food ingredients to increase iron intake among children aged 6–59 months in Benin. The complementary food supplement was formulated to ensure that 10 g would cover 25% of the estimated average requirements for iron for children aged 6 to 12 months. Adansonia digitata fruit pulp, Moringa oleifera leaf powder, and Cochlospermum tinctorium root powder were used to compose the complementary food supplement, which was mixed with maize and sorghum ogi porridges before being presented to the mothers and children for the acceptability test. The mineral contents of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp in mg/100 g dw were 9.9 ± 0.1 for iron and 0.9 ± 0.1 for zinc. The iron and zinc contents of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and Cochlospermum tinctorium root powder in mg/100 g dw were 34.1 ± 2.2 and 26.8 ± 2.7 and 9 ± 0.0 and 0.9 ± 0.0, respectively. The complementary food supplement contained, in mg/100 g dw, 17.4 ± 1.1 of iron and 1.2 ± 0.1 of zinc. The maize and sorghum ogi porridges enriched with the complementary food supplement at substitution rates of 15% and 16% (in dry weight), respectively, were acceptable to 85% of children for sorghum ogi porridge and 87% for maize ogi porridge. The present study demonstrated the potential of local food ingredients in the formulation of an iron‐rich and acceptable complementary food supplement for children aged 6–59 months in Benin.
Immune Activation Induces Telomeric DNA Damage and Promotes Short‐Lived Effector T Cell Differentiation in Chronic HCV Infection
Authors: Nguyen Lam Nhat , Nguyen Lam Ngoc Thao , Zhao Juan , Schank Madison , Dang Xindi , Cao Dechao , Khanal Sushant , Thakuri Bal Krishna Chand , Zhang Jinyu , Lu Zeyuan , Wu Xiao Y. , El Gazzar Mohamed , Ning Shunbin , Wang Ling , Moorman Jonathan P. , Yao Zhi Q. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to a high rate of chronic infection and T cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that chronic antigenic stimulation is a driving force for impaired T cell functions, the precise mechanisms underlying immune activation–induced T cell dysfunctions during HCV infection remain elusive.

Approach and Results
Here, we demonstrated that circulating CD4+ T cells from patients who are chronically HCV‐infected exhibit an immune activation status, as evidenced by the overexpression of cell activation markers human leukocyte antigen‐antigen D‐related, glucose transporter 1, granzyme B, and the short‐lived effector marker CD127‐ killer cell lectin‐like receptor G1+. In contrast, the expression of stem cell–like transcription factor T cell factor 1 and telomeric repeat‐binding factor 2 (TRF2) are significantly reduced in CD4+ T cells from patients who are chronically HCV‐infected compared with healthy participants (HP). Mechanistic studies revealed that CD4+ T cells from participants with HCV exhibit phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling hyperactivation on T cell receptor stimulation, promoting proinflammatory effector cell differentiation, telomeric DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis. Inhibition of Akt signaling during T cell activation preserved the precursor memory cell population and prevented inflammatory effector cell expansion, DNA damage, and apoptotic death. Moreover, knockdown of TRF2 reduced HP T cell stemness and triggered telomeric DNA damage and cellular apoptosis, whereas overexpression of TRF2 in CD4 T cells prevented telomeric DNA damage.

Conclusions
These results suggest that modulation of immune activation through inhibiting Akt signaling and protecting telomeres through enhancing TRF2 expression may open therapeutic strategies to fine tune the adaptive immune responses in the setting of persistent immune activation and inflammation during chronic HCV infection.
Stereotypy and spontaneous alternation in deer mice and its response to anti‐adenosinergic intervention
Authors: de Brouwer Geoffrey , Engelbrecht Jaco , Mograbi Daniel C. , Legoabe Lesetja , Steyn Stephan F. , Wolmarans De Wet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRepetitive behavioral phenotypes are a trait of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Such behaviors are typified by complex interactions between cognitive and neurobiological processes which most likely contribute to the suboptimal treatment responses often observed. To this end, exploration of the adenosinergic system may be useful, since adenosine‐receptor modulation has previously shown promise to restore control over voluntary behavior and improve cognition in patients presenting with motor repetition. Here, we employed the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) model of compulsive‐like behavioral persistence, seeking to investigate possible associations between stereotypic motor behavior and cognitive flexibility as measured in the T‐maze continuous alternation task (T‐CAT). The effect of istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist at two doses (10 and 20 mg kg−1 day−1) on the expression of stereotypy and T‐CAT performance in high (H) and non‐(N) stereotypical animals, was investigated in comparison to a control intervention (six groups; n = 8 or 9 per group). No correlation between H behavior and T‐CAT performance was found. However, H but not N animals presented with istradefylline‐sensitive spontaneous alternation and stereotypy, in that istradefylline at both doses significantly improved the spontaneous alternation scores and attenuated the stereotypical expression of H animals. Thus, evidence is presented that anti‐adenosinergic drug action improves repetitive behavior and spontaneous alternation in stereotypical deer mice, putatively pointing to a shared psychobiological construct underlying naturalistic stereotypy and alterations in cognitive flexibility in deer mice.
Degree of biliary tract violation during treatment of gallbladder adenocarcinoma is independently associated with development of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Sutton Thomas L. , Walker Brett S. , Radu Stephanie , Dewey Elizabeth N. , Enestvedt C. Kristian , Maynard Erin , Orloff Susan L. , Nabavizadeh Nima , Sheppard Brett C. , Lopez Charles D. , Billingsley Kevin G. , Mayo Skye C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is often incidentally diagnosed after cholecystectomy. Intra‐operative biliary tract violations (BTV) have been recently associated with development of peritoneal disease (PD). The degree of BTV may be associated with PD risk, but has not been previously investigated.MethodsWe reviewed patients with initially non‐metastatic GBC treated at our institution from 2003 to 2018. Patients were grouped based on degree of BTV during their treatment: major (e.g., cholecystotomy with bile spillage, n = 27, 29%), minor (e.g., intra‐operative cholangiogram, n = 18, 19%), and no violations (n = 48, 55%). Overall survival (OS) and peritoneal disease‐free survival (PDFS) were evaluated with Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling.ResultsNinety‐three patients were identified; the median age was 64 years (range 31–87 years). Seventy‐six (82%) were incidentally diagnosed. The median follow‐up was 23 months; 20 (22%) patients developed PD. The 3‐year PDFS for patients with major, minor, and no BTV was 52%, 83%, and 98%, respectively (major vs. none: p <  0.001; minor vs. none: p <  0.01). BTV was not associated with 5‐year OS (HR 1.53, p =  0.16).ConclusionIncreasing degree of BTV is associated with higher risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with GBC and should be considered during preoperative risk stratification. Reporting biliary tract violations during cholecystectomy is encouraged.
How useful is active learning for image‐based plant phenotyping?
Authors: Nagasubramanian Koushik , Jubery Talukder , Fotouhi Ardakani Fateme , Mirnezami Seyed Vahid , Singh Asheesh K , Singh Arti , Sarkar Soumik , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep learning models have been successfully deployed for a diverse array of image‐based plant phenotyping applications including disease detection and classification. However, successful deployment of supervised deep learning models requires large amount of labeled data, which is a significant challenge in plant sciences (and most biological) domain due to the inherent complexities. Specifically, data annotation is costly, laborious, time consuming and needs domain expertise for phenotyping tasks, especially for diseases. To overcome this challenge, active learning algorithms have been proposed to reduce the amount of labeling needed by deep learning models to achieve good predictive performance. Active learning methods work by adaptively suggesting samples to annotate using an acquisition function to achieve maximum (classification) performance under a fixed labeling budget. We report the performance of four different active learning methods, (1) Deep Bayesian Active Learning (DBAL), (2) Entropy, (3) Least Confidence, and (4) core‐set, with conventional random sampling‐based annotation for two vastly different image‐based classification datasets. The first image dataset consists of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] leaves belonging to eight different soybean stresses and a healthy class, and the second consists of nine different weed species from the field. For a fixed labeling budget, we observed that the classification performance of deep learning models using active learning based acquisition strategies is better than random sampling‐based acquisition for both datasets. The integration of active learning strategies for data annotation can help mitigate labelling challenges in the plant sciences applications particularly where resources dedicated to annotations are limited.