bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Hospitalized Parkinson's Disease Patients with and without COVID‐19
Authors: Parihar Raminder , Ferastraoaru Victor , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Geyer Howard L. , Kaufman David M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Parkinson's disease (PD) patient population, with an already reduced life expectancy, is rendered particularly vulnerable by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2).ObjectivesWe determined the risk factors that increase the risk of death in patients with Parkinson's disease who are infected by SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of PD admitted to Montefiore Hospital (Bronx, New York) and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 were identified. Retrospective review of electronic medical records confirmed the diagnosis; patients were classified by severity of PD. PD severity, demographic, socioeconomic factors, and co‐morbidities were correlated with mortality rates in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsWe identified 162 patients meeting criteria; chart review confirmed a diagnosis of PD in 70 patients. Of the 70 patients, 53 were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and 17 were negative. PD patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a higher mortality rate (35.8%) compared to PD patients without the infection (5.9%, P = 0.028). PD patients older than 70 years of age, those with advanced Parkinson's disease, those with reductions in their medications, and non‐Hispanics (largely comprised of Black/African‐ Americans) had a statistically significant higher mortality rate, if infected.ConclusionsPD did not increase mortality rates from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection when age was controlled. However, certain unalterable factors (advanced disease and age greater than 70 years) and alterable ones (reductions in PD medications) placed PD patients at increased risk for mortality. Also several socioeconomic factors contributed to mortality, for example, non‐Hispanic patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection fared worse, likely driven by poorer outcomes in the Black/African‐American cohort.
Partial differential integral equation model for pricing American option under multi state regime switching with jumps
Authors: Yousuf Muhammad , Khaliq Abdul Q. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a two dimensional partial differential integral equation (PDIE) model for pricing American option. A nonlinear rationality parameter function for two asset problems is introduced to deal with the free boundary. The rationality parameter function is added in the PDIEs used for pricing American option problems under multi‐state regime switching with jumps. The resulting two dimensional nonlinear system of PDIE is then numerically solved. Based on real poles rational approximation, a strongly stable highly efficient and reliable method is developed to solve such complicated systems of PIDEs. The method is build in a predictor corrector style which makes it linearly implicit, therefore, avoids solving nonlinear systems of equations at each time step in all regimes. The method is seen to maintain the stability and convergence for large jump sizes and high volatility in each regime. The impact of regime switching on option prices corresponding to different values interest rate, volatility, and rationality parameter is computed, illustrated by graphs and given in the tables. Convergence results in each regime are presented and time evolution graphs are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the method.
Selective Catalytic Isomerization of β‐Pinene Oxide to Perillyl Alcohol Enhanced by Protic Tetraimidazolium Nitrate
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Jian , Zhao Juan , He Huiting , Jiang Dabo , Kirk Steven Robert , Xu Qiong , Liu Xianxiang , Yin Dulin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of tetraimidazolium salts with different anions was prepared and applied in the isomerization of β‐pinene oxide. After examining the activity of different catalysts, a remarkable enhancement of the selectivity of perillyl alcohol (47 %) was obtained over [PEimi][HNO3]4 under mild reaction conditions and using DMSO as the solvent. Furthermore, noncovalent interactions between solvent molecules and the catalyst were found by FT‐IR spectroscopy and confirmed by computational chemistry. The homogeneous catalyst showed excellent stability and was reused up to six times without significant loss.
An Improved System to Evaluate Superoxide‐Scavenging Effects of Bioflavonoids
Authors: Yao Yuanyong , Chen Shixue , Li Hu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pyrogallol autoxidation method has been widely utilized to evaluate various antioxidants in antioxidative bioactivities. However, this method is generally not appropriate for estimating the .O2− radical scavenging capacity of bioflavonoids, as it enables bioflavonoids to generate .O2− radical in oxygen‐alkaline (pH 8.2) surroundings. In the present study, an improved DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) system (pH 7.25, versus pH 8.2 of the pyrogallol autoxidation) was successfully developed to evaluate the .O2− radical scavenging capacity of bioflavonoids by EPR technique and using the spin trapping reagent DMPO (5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide). The non‐protonic environment supplied by the system promotes the stabilization of the .O2−radical and therefore ensures a much more accurate measurement of .O2−radical scavenging capacity in bioflavonoids if compared to protonic solvents. The results demonstrated that the effects of scavenging .O2−radicals in natural bioflavonoids follows the order: dihydromyricetin>myricetin>quercetin>kaempferol>baicalein>chrysin, which are well associated with numbers of hydroxyl groups attached to their molecular skeletons and/or active H of their configurations. Interestingly, the higher superoxide‐anion scavenging effect measured for dihydromyricetin with respect to myricetin is possibly attributed to the fact that dihydromyricetin can be transformed into myricetin in the presence of .O2− radical, resulting from the homolysis of active H donated from C3−H bond of DMY via .O2− radicals.
Autologous adipose‐derived stem cells therapy in COPD treatment: a case report
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thanh , Phan Phuong Thu , Nguyen Binh Huy , Vu Trang T. Thu , Pham Phuong Cam , Van Vu Giap , Nguyen Khanh Ba , Vu Trung Thanh , Vu Luu Dang , Ngo Chau Quy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, we describe the clinical course of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with autologous adipose‐derived stem cell therapy. In September 2019, our patient was admitted to Bach Mai Hospital. His post‐bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was 21% and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) was 40%. He had suffered from two exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the previous year. He received treatment with autologous stem cells from adipose tissue. Follow‐up indicated that autologous stem cells from adipose tissue was a safe treatment and improved the patient's dyspnoea and quality of life.
One delayed diagnosis of paragonimiasis case and literature review
Authors: Kong Luxia , Hua Lijuan , Liu Qian , Bao Chen , Hu Jiannan , Xu Shuyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman paragonimiasis has been appearing all over the world due to increased human migration, international travel, and worldwide food trading. However, delayed and missed diagnosis rates are also increasing due to atypical clinical manifestations and the lack of disease understanding by clinical workers. We describe the case of a 43‐year‐old man, who was hospitalized with cough and chest pain for two months. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral emphysema, left pleural effusion, and bilateral atelectasis. The hypereosinophilia gave us a clue; ultimately, the diagnosis of paragonimiasis was made through a diet history and a positive result of serum Paragonimus sp. immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody. Moreover, 27 misdiagnosed paragonimiasis cases in the past decade have been reported. We draw conclusions by summarizing their characteristics for suspicious eosinophilic paragonimiasis patients; we should inquire diet history carefully, test serum IgG antibodies, and try to detect eggs. Once diagnosed, praziquantel is preferred for treatment.
Accessible, affordable, fine‐scale estimates of soil carbon for sustainable management in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ewing Patrick M. , TerAvest Dan , Tu Xinyi , Snapp Sieglinde S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoil C status is acritical component of greenhouse gas mitigation efforts, and supports food security through affecting crop growth and management. In much of the world, laboratory‐based measures of soil C are expensive and logistically challenging, whereas map‐based predictions generated at the continental scale (e.g., African Soil Information Service [AfSIS]; www.soilgrids.org) may be unreliable at the management‐relevant, policy‐relevant, field, and regional scales. We test whether an USD 350, open source, field portable reflectometer can provide site‐specific estimates of soil C status, and also predict whether a crop will respond to fertilizer across 1,155 sites in central and southern Malawi based on an established threshold of 9.4 g C kg−1 soil. When compared with soil C measured by combustion, the scanner calibrated with covariates of field‐estimable texture class and slope class provides unbiased (0.42 ± 0.44 g C kg−1 soil; p = .06), precise (R2 = .57), and actionable (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.88) data at the field scale, including at unmeasured locations (relative prediction error 19–23%) and at the village scale. The reflectometer outperformed predictions from the continental‐scale AfSIS database, which were neither precise (R2 = .044) nor actionable (AUC = 0.63) at the field scale, and underestimated soil C in the region by 2.5 ± 0.5 g C kg−1 soil (p < .001). The reflectometer is an accessible tool to monitor soil C in sub‐Saharan Africa to improve field‐level management, and guide regional policies that support food security while combating climate change.
Molecular phylogeny of tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) using nuclear ribosomal DNA: Generic relationships and evidence for major clades
Authors: Fowler Rachael M. , Murphy Daniel J. , McLay Todd G.B. , Buirchell Bevan J. , Chinnock Robert J. , Bayly Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEremophila is a significant component of the Australian arid zone flora, but its generic limits and relationships to the other six genera of tribe Myoporeae remain largely untested. In this study, we assembled a dataset of the nuclear ribosomal cistron (ca. 6000 bases including ITS1+2, ETS regions, non‐transcribed spacer and associated genes) for all genera in tribe Myoporeae with a particular focus on Eremophila (205 of total 233 formally described species of Eremophila, and 28 species of related genera sampled). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. These resolved four major clades that were well supported. Eremophila was paraphyletic, with all other genera of tribe Myoporeae nested in it. We discuss two taxonomic options for addressing the paraphyly of Eremophila. As an immediate step, we propose that the small genera, Calamphoreus and Diocirea, should be placed in synonymy under Eremophila, and herein make the necessary new nomenclatural combinations. Additional phylogenetic data are needed, ideally in the form of multiple independent nuclear loci, to clarify the positions of Bontia, Glycocystis and Myoporum relative to Eremophila before further taxonomic changes are proposed.
Exponential decay of transverse correlations for O(N) spin systems and related models
Authors: Lees Benjamin , Taggi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove exponential decay of transverse correlations in the SpinO(N) model for arbitrary non-zero values of the external magnetic field and arbitrary spin dimension$$N > 1$$N>1. Our result is new when$$N > 3$$N>3, in which case no Lee–Yang theorem is available, it is an alternative to Lee–Yang when$$N = 2, 3$$N=2,3, and also holds for a wide class of multi-component spin systems with continuous symmetry. The key ingredients are a representation of the model as a system of coloured random paths, a ‘colour-switch’ lemma, and a sampling procedure which allows us to bound from above the ‘typical’ length of the open paths.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Transport Properties of FeS1-xTex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) Single Crystals
Authors: Zhao Caiye , Yi Xiaolei , Hou Qiang , Feng Jiajia , Zhang Yufeng , Xu Mingxiang , Shi Zhixiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a series of FeS1-xTex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) single crystals were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time. According to the measurement of in-plane resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance (MR), we find that the superconducting transition temperature Tc is rapidly suppressed with the increasing Te substitution, and finally the superconductivity disappears when x > 0.05. With the substitution of Te for S, the residual resistivity ρ0 increases while the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) decreases monotonously. Meanwhile, the MR of FeS1-xTex is also reduced by Te doping. All these results reveal that the Te substitution introduces more impurity scattering. In consequence, the non-linear field-dependent of Hall resistivity ρxy at low temperature region is suppressed and a linear behavior is restored upon Te doping. The negative Hall coefficients RH for all the FeS1-xTex samples suggest that the electron-type carrier dominates the electrical conduction. Moreover, the MR of FeS1-xTex obviously follows Kohler’s law, indicating the isotropic scattering rates in the Fermi surface.
The Three Pillars of Functional Autonomy of Hackers
Authors: Söderberg Johan , Maxigas  
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a conceptual framework for analysing the relationship between social emancipation and alternative technology development. Key is the “functional autonomy” of the collective of users and developers of the technology vis-a-vis state and capital. We draw on previous empirical work about three hacker projects to substantiate the claim that the functional autonomy of hackers rests on three “pillars of autonomy”: technical skill, shared values, and collective memory. These three pillars sustain the autonomy of a community of hackers so that it may successfully resist recuperation attempts by capital. We make this claim in contradistinction to looser constellations of users, citizen scientists, DIY hobbyists, etc., where the functional autonomy tends to be much weaker. Hence, in the latter case, we should expect the actors to be recuperated in short time. The emancipatory promises that they make in regard to their practices, and are often mirrored in the academic literature about user innovation, citizen science, etc., will then turn sour. From this observation, we develop a second-order reflection on the role of the scholar studying purportedly emancipatory technology projects. As against the popular “follow-the-actors” approach, we defend the continued need for scholarly critique. We do so with the caveat that critique must in part be conducted as self-critique.
Comorbidities impact and de-prescribing in elderly with HCV-related liver disease: analysis of a prospective cohort
Authors: Licata Anna , Minissale Maria Giovanna , Giannitrapani Lydia , Montalto Filippo A. , Lombardo Clelia , Mirarchi Luigi , Amodeo Simona , Soresi Maurizio , Montalto Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractManagement for HCV has undergone a notable change using direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs), which are safe and effective even in elderly. Here, we define impact of comorbidities, concomitant medication and drug–drug interactions in elder patients with HCV related disease before starting DAAs regimen. We analyzed data of 814 patients prospectively enrolled at our Unit within the web based model HCV Sicily Network. Out of 814, 590 were treated with DAAs and 414 of them were older than 65 years. We divided those 414 in two groups, one including 215 patients, aged between 65 and 74 years, and another with 199 patients, aged of 75 years and over. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was assessed for each patient; drug–drug interactions (DDI) and de-prescribing process were carried out appropriately. Within 414 patients included, percentage rates of women treated was higher than males, BMI was lower and cirrhosis was frequently reported in patients older than 75 years. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia (p < 0.0001), prostatic pathologies, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease (p < 0.0001), osteoporosis (p < 0.01) and depression were most common co-morbidities. CCI showed lower scores in the first group as compared with the second one (p < 0.0001). Among drugs, statins were frequently suspended and anti-hypertensive often replaced. DAAs are useful and effective regardless of disease severity, comorbidities, medications and age. De-prescribing allows a stable reduction of number of medications taken with real improvement of quality of life.
Beyond the Tuned Mass Damper: a Comparative Study of Passive Approaches to Vibration Absorption Through Antiresonance Assignment
Authors: Richiedei Dario , Tamellin Iacopo , Trevisani Alberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVibration absorption is a core research area in the design and control of structures and machines, and exploiting antiresonances is an effective approach for systems under harmonic excitation. This paper proposes a comparative study and a review of the main passive techniques to antiresonance assignment proposed in the recent literature, by discussing them through some numerical examples too. The techniques discussed include the well-known Tuned Mass Damper, which has been widely developed in the literature. However, as the title reveals, great attention is paid to the methods inherited from the field of dynamic structural modification that assign antiresonances without modifying the number of degrees of freedom, by exploiting a proper modification of the system inertial and stiffness parameters. Due to higher mathematical complexity, these approaches have been less investigated in the literature although they are an effective and less invasive approach to antiresonance assignment, especially for machines. To puzzle out the complicated subject matter of antiresonances, their background and their key features are also discussed by reviewing the main theoretical results and their relationship with the assignment techniques. The paper is also enriched with several numerical examples to compare different methods and investigate the features of antiresonances. The concluding remarks of the paper bring together some open issues in this field of research and outlines some possible research directions.
A myricaceous male inflorescence with pollen in situ from the middle Eocene of Europe
Authors: Wilde Volker , Frankenhäuser Herbert , Lenz Olaf Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe late middle Eocene lacustrine filling of a maar lake at Eckfeld (Eifel Hills, Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany) has provided four specimens of male inflorescences (catkins) in different stages of anthesis, each with pollen preserved in situ. The appearance of the successive stages together with triporate pollen showing an irregular surface and a myricoid micro-ornamentation clearly suggests an assignment of the fossil catkins to the Myricaceae. The material is described as a new genus and new species and represents the oldest record of male catkins for the family. The in situ preserved pollen grains are comparable to dispersed grains of Triatriopollenites excelsus.
The relationship between plant growth and water consumption: a history from the classical four elements to modern stable isotopes
Authors: Brendel Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKey messageThe history of the relationship between plant growth and water consumption is retraced by following the progression of scientific thought through the centuries: from a purely philosophical question, to conceptual and methodological developments, towards a research interest in plant functioning and the interaction with the environment.ContextThe relationship between plant growth and water consumption has for a long time occupied the minds of philosophers and natural scientists. The ratio between biomass accumulation and water consumption is known as water use efficiency and is widely relevant today in fields as diverse as plant improvement, forest ecology and climate change. Defined at scales varying from single leaf physiology to whole plants, it shows how botanical investigations changed through time, generally in tandem with developing disciplines and improving methods. The history started as a purely philosophical question by Greek philosophers of how plants grow, progressed through thought and actual experiments, towards an interest in the functioning of plants and the relationship to the environment.AimsThis article retraces this history by following the progression of scientific questions posed through the centuries, and presents not only the main methodological and conceptual developments on biomass growth and transpiration but also the development of the carbon isotopic method of estimation. The history of research on photosynthesis is only touched briefly, but the development of research on transpiration and stomatal conductance is presented with more detail.ConclusionResearch on water use efficiency, following a path from the whole plant to leaf-level functioning, was strongly involved in the historical development of the discipline of plant ecophysiology and is still a very active research field across nearly all levels of botanical research.
Multimodal news analytics using measures of cross-modal entity and context consistency
Authors: Müller-Budack Eric , Theiner Jonas , Diering Sebastian , Idahl Maximilian , Hakimov Sherzod , Ewerth Ralph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe World Wide Web has become a popular source to gather information and news. Multimodal information, e.g., supplement text with photographs, is typically used to convey the news more effectively or to attract attention. The photographs can be decorative, depict additional details, but might also contain misleading information. The quantification of the cross-modal consistency of entity representations can assist human assessors’ evaluation of the overall multimodal message. In some cases such measures might give hints to detect fake news, which is an increasingly important topic in today’s society. In this paper, we present a multimodal approach to quantify the entity coherence between image and text inreal-worldnews. Named entity linking is applied to extract persons, locations, and events from news texts. Several measures are suggested to calculate the cross-modal similarity of the entities in text and photograph by exploiting state-of-the-art computer vision approaches. In contrast to previous work, our system automatically acquires example data from the Web and is applicable to real-world news. Moreover, an approach that quantifies contextual image-text relations is introduced. The feasibility is demonstrated on two datasets that cover different languages, topics, and domains.