bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2to CO on Ag/SnO2by a Synergistic Effect of Morphology and Structural Defects
Authors: Li Meng , Hu Yue , Wang Dawei , Geng Dongsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSilver (Ag)‐based materials are considered to be promising materials for electrochemical reduction of CO2to produce CO, but the selectivity and efficiency of traditional polycrystalline Ag materials are insufficient; there still exists a great challenge to explore novel modified Ag based materials. Herein, a nanocomposite of Ag and SnO2(Ag/SnO2) for efficient reduction of CO2to CO is reported. HRTEM and XRD patterns clearly demonstrated the lattice destruction of Ag and the amorphous SnO2in the Ag/SnO2nanocomposite. Electrochemical tests indicated the nanocomposite containing 15% SnO2possesses highest catalytic selectivity featured by a CO faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99.2% at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) and FE>90% for the CO product at a wide potential range from −0.8 V to −1.4 V vs RHE. Experimental characterization and analysis showed that the high catalytic performance is attributed to not only the branched morphology of Ag/SnO2nanocomposites (NCs), which endows the maximum exposure of active sites, but also the special adsorption capacity of abundant defect sites in the crystal for *COOH (the key intermediate of CO formation), which improves the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. But equally important, the existed SnO2also plays an important role in inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anchoring defect sites. This work demonstrates the use of crystal defect engineering and synergy in composite to improve the efficiency of electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR).
dCas9 techniques for transcriptional repression in mammalian cells: Progress, applications and challenges
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Li‐quan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInnovative loss‐of‐function techniques developed in recent years have made it much easier to target specific genomic loci at transcriptional levels. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been proven to be the most effective and specific tool to knock down any gene of interest in mammalian cells. The catalytically deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) can be fused with transcription repressors to downregulate gene expression specified by sgRNA complementary to target genomic sequence. Although CRISPRi has huge potential for gene knockdown, there is still a lack of systematic guidelines for efficient and widespread use. Here we describe the working mechanism and development of CRISPRi, designing principles of sgRNA, delivery methods and applications in mammalian cells in detail. Finally, we propose possible solutions and future directions with regard to current challenges.
Variance estimators for weighted and stratified linear dose–response function estimators using generalized propensity score
Authors: Garès Valérie , Chauvet Guillaume , Hajage David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPropensity score methods are widely used in observational studies for evaluating marginal treatment effects. The generalized propensity score (GPS) is an extension of the propensity score framework, historically developed in the case of binary exposures, for use with quantitative or continuous exposures. In this paper, we proposed variance estimators for treatment effect estimators on continuous outcomes. Dose–response functions (DRFs) were estimated through weighting on the inverse of the GPS, or using stratification. Variance estimators were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Despite the use of stabilized weights, the variability of the weighted estimator of the DRF was particularly high, and none of the variance estimators (a bootstrap‐based estimator, a closed‐form estimator especially developed to take into account the estimation step of the GPS, and a sandwich estimator) were able to adequately capture this variability, resulting in coverages below the nominal value, particularly when the proportion of the variation in the quantitative exposure explained by the covariates was large. The stratified estimator was more stable, and variance estimators (a bootstrap‐based estimator, a pooled linearized estimator, and a pooled model‐based estimator) more efficient at capturing the empirical variability of the parameters of the DRF. The pooled variance estimators tended to overestimate the variance, whereas the bootstrap estimator, which intrinsically takes into account the estimation step of the GPS, resulted in correct variance estimations and coverage rates. These methods were applied to a real data set with the aim of assessing the effect of maternal body mass index on newborn birth weight.
Viability and functional recovery after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Schumacher Stefan P. , Everaars Henk , Stuijfzand Wijnand J. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Driessen Roel S. , Bom Michiel J. , de Winter Ruben W. , Somsen Yvemarie B. O. , Huynh Jennifer W. , van Loon Ramon B. , van de Ven Peter M. , van Rossum Albert C. , Opolski Maksymilian P. , Nap Alexander , Knaapen Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated myocardial viability as well as global and regional functional recovery after successful chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using sequential quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.BackgroundThe patient benefits of CTO PCI are being questioned.MethodsIn a single high‐volume CTO PCI center patients were prospectively scheduled for CMR at baseline and 3 months after successful CTO PCI between 2013 and 2018. Segmental wall thickening (SWT) and percentage late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were quantitatively measured per segment. Viability was defined as dysfunctional myocardium (<2.84 mm SWT) with no or limited scar (≤50% LGE).ResultsA total of 132 patients were included. Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction was modest after CTO PCI (from 48.1 ± 11.8 to 49.5 ± 12.1%, p < 0.01). CTO segments with viability (N = 216, [31%]) demonstrated a significantly higher increase in SWT (0.80 ± 1.39 mm) compared to CTO segments with pre‐procedural preserved function (N = 456 [65%], 0.07 ± 1.43 mm, p < 0.01) or extensive scar (LGE >50%, N = 26 [4%], −0.08 ± 1.09 mm, p < 0.01). Patients with ≥2 CTO segments viability showed more SWT increase in the CTO territory compared to patients with 0–1 segment viability (0.49 ± 0.93 vs. 0.12 ± 0.98 mm, p = 0.03).ConclusionsDetection of dysfunctional myocardial segments without extensive scar (≤50% LGE) as a marker for viability on CMR aids in identifying patients with significant regional functional recovery after CTO PCI.
Bithiophene‐Cored,mono‐,bis‐, andtris‐(Trimethylammonium)‐Substituted,bis‐Triarylborane Chromophores: Effect of the Number and Position of Charges on Cell Imaging and DNA/RNA Sensing
Authors: Berger Sarina M. , Rühe Jessica , Schwarzmann Johannes , Phillipps Alexandra , Richard Ann‐Katrin , Ferger Matthias , Krummenacher Ivo , Tumir Lidija‐Marija , Ban Željka , Crnolatac Ivo , Majhen Dragomira , Barišić Ivan , Piantanida Ivo , Schleier Domenik , Griesbeck Stefanie , Friedrich Alexandra , Braunschweig Holger , Marder Todd B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of selectivelymono‐,bis‐ andtris‐dimethylamino‐ and trimethylammonium‐substitutedbis‐triarylborane bithiophene chromophores are presented along with the water solubility and singlet oxygen sensitizing efficiency of the cationic compoundsCat1+,Cat2+,Cat(i)2+, andCat3+. Comparison with themono‐triarylboranes reveals the large influence of the bridging unit on the properties of thebis‐triarylboranes, especially those of the cationic compounds. Based on these preliminary investigations, the interactions ofCat1+,Cat2+,Cat(i)2+, andCat3+with DNA, RNA, and DNApore were investigated in buffered solutions. The same compounds were investigated for their ability to enter and localize within organelles of human lung carcinoma (A549) and normal lung (WI38) cells showing that not only the number of charges but also their distribution over the chromophore influences interactions and staining properties.
Hetero‐bimetallic Lanthanide‐Coinage Metal Compounds Featuring Possible Metal‐Metal Interactions in the Excited State
Authors: Dahlen Milena , Reinfandt Niklas , Jin Chengyu , Gamer Michael T. , Fink Karin , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterometallic complexes, combining metals of the outer rims of the d‐block, for example lanthanides(III) (Ln) and coinage metals(I) (M) are scarcely reported, synthetically challenging and highly interesting in terms of their interactions. In this context, we synthesized hetero‐bimetallic Ln−M compounds ligated by the phosphine functionalized amidinate system (N,N’‐bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl]formamidinate, “dpfam”). The resulting compounds [dpfam3LnM][OTf] (Ln = La, Nd and M = Ag, Au) feature a close proximity of the two metal centres and were investigated experimentally by photoluminescence spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The latter showed rare La−Au interactions for the first excited state.
Association between exposure to Efavirenz and substrates of dysrhythmia in HIV‐infected young adults
Authors: Hosseini Zahra , Mollazadeh Reza , Dehghan‐Manshadi Seyed‐Ali , Mohebi Mehrnaz , Eslami Masoud , Sadre‐Bafghi Seyed‐Ali , Akbari Ali , Ghodsi Saeed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDysrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest occur more likely in HIV patients than healthy subjects. Thus, we need to examine dysrhythmias adverse effects of medications including Efavirenz as early as possible especially in young subjects.HypothesisEfavirenz might have contributed to increased risk of developing common types of dysrhythmia in young HIV infected patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study among 62 patients on Efavirenz and 38 controls. All participants were under 40 years old without cardiovascular disease. Total significant dysrhythmia in 24‐hour ECG monitoring was the primary endpoint determined as the composite of high premature ventricular contraction (PVC) (>500 beats per 24 hours), high premature atrial contraction (PAC) (>500 bp24h), sinus pause, atrioventricular blocks, ventricular tachycardia, prolonged QTc, and low heart rate variability (HRV). Modified composite dysrhythmia consisted of low HRV (SD of normal‐to‐normal [SDNN]), high PVC and prolonged QT.ResultsMean heart rate, Efavirenz regimen, male gender, and CD4 count predicted total dysrhythmia. Odds ratios were 1.108, 2.90, 4.36, and 0.96, respectively. The incidence of total dysrhythmia, high PVC, high PAC, low HRV(SDNN), and prolonged QTc were 54.8%, 41.85%, 9.71%, 45.2%, and 12.9% in patients on Efavirenz against 42.11%, 31.64%, 0%, 34.2%, and 7.91% in controls, respectively (p‐values: .031, .001, <.0001, .063, and .043 respectively). Modified composite dysrhythmia was also more frequent in Efavirenz group than that of control group (69.42% vs. 52.60%, respectively p = .032).ConclusionsWe found that patients with Efavirenz had higher prevalence of frequent PVC, frequent PAC, total significant dysrhythmia, Low HRV and prolonged QTc than controls.
Bis(N‐picolinamido)cobalt(II) Complexes Display Antifungal Activity toward Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Ghandhi Laura H. D. , Bidula Stefan , Pask Christopher M. , Lord Rianne M. , McGowan Patrick C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis report highlights the synthesis and characterization of ten new bis(N‐picolinamido)cobalt(II) complexes of the type [(L)2CoX2]0/2+, whereby L=N‐picolinamide ligand and X=diisothiocyanato (−NCS), dichlorido (−Cl) or diaqua (−OH2) ligands. Single crystal X‐ray (SC‐XRD) analysis for nine of the structures are reported and confirm the picolinamide ligand is bound to the Co(II) center through a neutral N,O binding mode. With the addition of powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), we have confirmed the cis and trans ligand arrangements of each complex. All complexes were screened against several fungal species and show increased antifungal activity. Notably, these complexes had significant activity against strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, with several compounds exhibiting growth inhibition of >80 %, and onecompound inhibiting Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth by >90 %. Conversely, no antifungal activity was exhibited toward Cryptococcus neoformans and no cytotoxicity towards mammalian cell lines.
Investigation of the Effects and Mechanisms of Anticancer Action of a Ru(II)‐Arene Iminophosphorane Compound in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nayeem Nazia , Yeasmin Arefa , Cobos Samantha N. , Younes Ali , Hubbard Karen , Contel Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the breast cancers with poorer prognosis and survival rates. TNBC has a disproportionally high incidence and mortality in women of African descent. We report on the evaluation of Ru‐IM (1), a water‐soluble organometallic ruthenium compound, in TNBC cell lines derived from patients of European (MDA‐MB‐231) and African (HCC‐1806) ancestry (including IC50 values, cellular and organelle uptake, cell death pathways, cell cycle, effects on migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, a preliminary proteomic analysis, and an NCI 60 cell‐line panel screen). 1 was previously found highly efficacious in MDA‐MB‐231 cells and xenografts, with little systemic toxicity and preferential accumulation in the tumor. We observe a similar profile for this compound in the two cell lines studied, which includes high cytotoxicity, apoptotic behavior and potential antimetastatic and antiangiogenic properties. Cytokine M‐CSF, involved in the PI3/AKT pathway, shows protein expression inhibition with exposure to 1. We also demonstrate a p53 independent mechanism of action.
Noncovalent Axial I⋅⋅⋅Pt⋅⋅⋅I Interactions in Platinum(II) Complexes Strengthen in the Excited State
Authors: Bulatov Evgeny , Eskelinen Toni , Ivanov Alexander Yu. , Tolstoy Peter M. , Kalenius Elina , Hirva Pipsa , Haukka Matti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoordination compounds of platinum(II) participate in various noncovalent axial interactions involving metal center. Weakly bound axial ligands can be electrophilic or nucleophilic; however, interactions with nucleophiles are compromised by electron density clashing. Consequently, simultaneous axial interaction of platinum(II) with two nucleophilic ligands is almost unprecedented. Herein, we report structural and computational study of a platinum(II) complex possessing such intramolecular noncovalent I⋅⋅⋅Pt⋅⋅⋅I interactions. Structural analysis indicates that the two iodine atoms approach the platinum(II) center in a “side‐on” fashion and act as nucleophilic ligands. According to computational studies, the interactions are dispersive, weak and anti‐cooperative in the ground electronic state, but strengthen substantially and become partially covalent and cooperative in the lowest excited state. Strengthening of I⋅⋅⋅Pt⋅⋅⋅I contacts in the excited state is also predicted for the sole previously reported complex with analogous axial interactions.
How stakeholders affect the pursuit of the Environmental, Social, and Governance. Evidence from innovative small and medium enterprises
Authors: Esposito De Falco Salvatore , Scandurra Giuseppe , Thomas Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractESG has become particularly relevant and widespread among a growing number of firms. This dynamic is the consequence of different solicitations to which companies are subject, mainly by stakeholders. To pursue ESG usually requires the implementation of eco‐innovations (EI). Until now, literature about the effects of EI on ESG has been predominantly focused on large corporations, while little attention has been paid to SME, particularly to innovative SMEs. Within the ESG framework, this paper investigates how stakeholders influence innovative SME decisions to adopt EIs. To reach this aim, we investigate a probabilistic sample of 222 SMEs using the Partial Least Squares method. Results highlight that contractual stakeholders exert a higher influence than community stakeholders on EI. Among the single stakeholders belonging to the mentioned categories, only investors/lenders do not exert influence.
Multiple paternity in two populations of finetooth sharks (Carcharhinus isodon) with varying reproductive periodicity
Authors: Nash Cody S. , Darby Philip C. , Frazier Bryan S. , Hendon Jill M. , Higgs Jeremy M. , Hoffmayer Eric R. , Daly‐Engel Toby S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying polyandry and female mate choice in certain taxonomic groups remain widely debated. In elasmobranchs, several species have shown varying rates of polyandry based on genetic studies of multiple paternity (MP). We investigated MP in the finetooth shark, Carcharhinus isodon, in order to directly test the encounter rate hypothesis (ERH), which predicts that MP is a result of the frequency of encounters between mature conspecifics during the breeding season, and should therefore increase when more time is available for copulation and sperm storage. Female finetooth sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) have been found to reproduce with both annual periodicity and biennial periodicity, while finetooth sharks from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean have only been found to reproduce biennially, allowing us to compare mating opportunity to frequency of MP. Our results show high rates of MP with no significant difference in frequency between females in the GoM (83.0%) and Atlantic (88.2%, p = .8718) and varying but nonsignificant rates of MP between females in the GoM reproducing annually (93.0%) and biennially (76.6%, p = .2760). While the ERH is not supported by this study, it remains possible that reproductive periodicity and other physiological factors play a role in determining rates of MP in elasmobranchs, with potential benefits to individuals and populations.
Increased oxidative stress during exercise predicts poor prognosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Shibata Atsushi , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Yumi , Kitada Ryoko , Iwata Shinichi , Ehara Shoichi , Izumi Yasukatsu , Hanatani Akihisa , Yoshiyama Minoru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsOxidative stress plays an important role in the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Although exercise and oxidative stress are closely related, the effect of acute exercise on reactive oxygen species production and the fluctuation on prognosis are unclear.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 94 patients who were hospitalized for worsening HF (mean age 68.0 ± 14.5 years old, 63.8% male). The changes in diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROM) values, a marker of oxidative stress, before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise test were considered as Δd‐ROM. The mean follow‐up period was 24 ± 13 months, during which 15 patients had all‐cause death or left ventricular assist system implantation. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that all‐cause death or left ventricular assist system implantation was significantly higher in the Δd‐ROM‐positive group than in the Δd‐ROM‐negative group (log‐rank P = 0.047). Elevated Δd‐ROM levels were associated with increased mortality risk. Multivariate analysis adjusted for body mass index and peak oxygen uptake revealed that Δd‐ROM was an independent prognostic factor of adverse events (Tertile 3 vs. 1; hazard ratio: 4.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–29.77; P = 0.022).ConclusionsPatients with HF who underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test and had an increased oxidative stress marker level had a poor prognosis. The appropriate exercise intensity could be determined by evaluating the changes in oxidative stress status in response to acute exercise in patients with HF.
Determination of Buprenorphine (BUP) with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Zn/La3+ Metal Organic Framework on Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)
Authors: Yahyapour Moghadaseh , Ranjbar Mehdi , Mohadesi Alireza , Rejaeinegad Moslem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study we report the Zn/La3+ metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized with the co‐precipitation assisted microwave method. Zn/La3+ MOFs were used as a new nanocomposite for the design and construction of a nanosensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). MOFs due to their unique and excellent physicochemical properties can be used in sensors based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The synergistic effect of MOFs on glassy carbon electrode increases the power of the limits of detection (LOD). In this study, a new chemical sensor was fabricated by electro polymerization to measure buprenorphine with MOFs based on molecularly imprinted polymer. Zn/La3+ MOFs nanostructures were identified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra. Buprenorphine was used as a template, pyrrole was used as a monomer, potassium ferrocyanide as an electrochemical active tracer in electropolymerization processes and the parameters affecting the sensor response were optimized. At the Zn/La3+ MOF/MIP electrode, the calibration curve in the linear region was obtained in the concentration range between 4 to 50 ng/ml and the detection limit was 1.08 ng/ml. In a new strategy, Zn/La3+ MOFs nanostructures can be introduced as new materials with high efficiency which used at chemical sensors for detection of the opiates in all over the world.
Blockchain technology for the industrial Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey on security challenges, architectures, applications, and future research directions
Authors: Latif Shahid , Idrees Zeba , e Huma Zil , Ahmad Jawad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe blockchain has emerged as an innovative and powerful technology that shows the tremendous potential to enhance the smart industrial frameworks by providing encryption, immutable storage, and decentralization. In the past few years, several applications in the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) have emerged and blockchain technologies gained great attention from academia and industry. To discover the great potential of blockchain technology for the IIoT, we present a comprehensive survey on security issues, blockchain architectures, and applications from the industrial perspective. This article starts with a comparison of exiting state‐of‐the‐art surveys of blockchain technologies for IoT/IIoT applications. A four‐layer reference architecture of IIoT is presented along with the functionalities and security issues of each layer. To address these challenges, we assess the potential of blockchain technology by considering the key characteristics, architectures, consensus algorithms, and implementation platforms. Furthermore, we also discussed some use cases of blockchain for the IIoT frameworks. Finally, this survey is concluded by highlighting some open issues and future research directions.