bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adapting soft computing model for intrusion detection system
Authors: Alsaadi Husam Ibrahiem Husain , ALmuttari Rafah M. , Ucan Osman Nuri , Bayat Oguz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNetwork security in smart cities has become a key problem in the rapid development of computer networks over the past few years. Intrusion detection systems play a fundamental part in the integrity, confidentiality, and resource accessibility among the multiple network security policies. The classification of the genuineness of packets is main object of the presents research work, the soft computing has applied to classify the genuineness of packets. The complexity of soft computing is greatly reduced if the numbers of features in a dataset are reduced. Managing and analysis of the dimensionality reduction is novelty of the proposed model. The existence of uncertainty and the imprecise nature of the intrusions appear to create suitable fuzzy logic systems for such structures. The neural‐fuzzy algorithm is one of the effective methods that incorporate fuzzy logic systems into adaptive and analysis capacities. In this research work, soft computing fuzzy logic system is proposed to enhance network security through intrusion detection. Three network datasets are demonstrated to test and estimate the proposed system. Feature selection has used to remove irrelevant features from entire network data which are obstacle classification processes. The Information Gain method was applied to select importance features for detection intrusion. Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is further used to process the significant features of the classification network data as normal or attacks packets. Two functions named Jang's Neuro‐fuzzy and faster‐scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) based on the ANFIS system. Obviously, the experimental results demonstrate the proposed system has attained higher precision in detecting normal or attack. The experimental results have suggested that the proposed system results are better in accuracy and time process for classification compared with the existing models. The Overall Results show that the proposed system can be able to detect various intrusions efficiently and effectively.
The AudioMaze: An EEG and motion capture study of human spatial navigation in sparse augmented reality
Authors: Miyakoshi Makoto , Gehrke Lukas , Gramann Klaus , Makeig Scott , Iversen John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpatial navigation is one of the fundamental cognitive functions central to survival in most animals. Studies in humans investigating the neural foundations of spatial navigation traditionally use stationary, desk‐top protocols revealing the hippocampus, parahippocampal place area (PPA), and retrosplenial complex to be involved in navigation. However, brain dynamics, while freely navigating the real world remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we developed a novel paradigm, the AudioMaze, in which participants freely explore a room‐sized virtual maze, while EEG is recorded synchronized to motion capture. Participants (n = 16) were blindfolded and explored different mazes, each in three successive trials, using their right hand as a probe to “feel” for virtual maze walls. When their hand “neared” a virtual wall, they received directional noise feedback. Evidence for spatial learning include shortening of time spent and an increase of movement velocity as the same maze was repeatedly explored. Theta‐band EEG power in or near the right lingual gyrus, the posterior portion of the PPA, decreased across trials, potentially reflecting the spatial learning. Effective connectivity analysis revealed directed information flow from the lingual gyrus to the midcingulate cortex, which may indicate an updating process that integrates spatial information with future action. To conclude, we found behavioral evidence of navigational learning in a sparse‐AR environment, and a neural correlate of navigational learning was found near the lingual gyrus.
Completeness and representativeness of body mass index in children's electronic general practice records: Linked cross‐sectional study in an ethnically‐diverse urban population in the United Kingdom
Authors: Firman Nicola , Robson John , Ahmed Zaheer , Boomla Kambiz , Dezateux Carol 
Published: January 2021

SummaryObjectiveTo assess completeness and accuracy of children's body mass index (BMI) recorded in general practice electronic health records (GP‐EHRs).MethodsWe linked National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) records from 29 839 5‐year‐olds and 26 660 11‐year‐olds attending state schools in inner London to GP‐EHRs (95% linked; 49.1% girls). We estimated adjusted odds (aOR) of at least one GP‐BMI record by sex, ethnic background, area‐level deprivation, weight‐status and long‐term conditions. We examined within‐child BMI differences and compared obesity prevalence from these sources.Results10.5% (2964/28330) and 26.0% (6598/25365) of 5‐ and 11‐year‐olds respectively had at least one GP‐BMI record. Underweight (aOR;95% CI:1.71;1.34,2.19), obesity (1.45;1.27,1.65), South Asian background (1.55;1.38,1.74), presence of a long‐term condition (8.15;7.31,9.10), and residence in deprived areas (Wald statistic 38.73; P‐value<0.0001) were independently associated with at least one GP‐BMI record. NCMP‐BMI and GP‐BMI differed by +0.45(95% Limits of Agreement −1.60,+2.51) and + 0.16(−2.86,+3.18) in 5‐ and 11‐year‐olds, respectively. The prevalence of obesity based on GP‐BMI was 18.2%(16.1,20.5) and 35.9%(33.9,38.0) in 5‐ and 11‐year‐olds respectively, compared to 12.9%(12.5,13.3) and 26.9%(26.4,27.4) based on NCMP‐BMI.ConclusionChild BMI is not comprehensively recorded in urban general practice. Linkage to school measurement records is feasible and enables assessment of health outcomes of obesity.
Development of livestock feed additives using porcine blood cells
Authors: Choi Jae‐Hwan , Jung Tae‐Hwan , Seo Hyeon‐Ju , Han Kyoung‐Sik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLivestock blood discarded during slaughtering has potentially valuable components such as plasma proteins and haemoglobin. Plasma is used as a feed additive following processing via different methods, including spray drying, whereas blood cells have been underutilized. In this study, we developed haemoglobin hydrolysate (HH) and iron‐enriched residue (IER) from porcine blood cells and investigated whether their oral administration regulates the immune system and gut microbiota in growing rats. Twenty‐one Sprague‐Dawley male rats (n = 7) were used during a 4‐week trial and were fed a control, HH or IER diet. The ratio of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia strains increased in rats fed HH or IER diets. Moreover, compared with the control group, the IER group had an elevated ratio of Lactobacillus to Enterobacteria, which is regarded as an index of beneficial aspect in the gut. Phagocytosis of peripheral blood leucocytes was higher in the HH and IER groups than in the control group. The level of plasma immunoglobulin G increased to approximately 72.7 mg/ml and 152.0 mg/ml in the HH and IER groups, respectively, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the control group. These results confirm that HH and IER developed in this study may be a potential additive for animal feeds.
Comparison of the effects on tablet disintegration of solvents used to dissolve food thickeners
Authors: Matsuo Taisuke , Sasaki Hina , Tomita Takashi , Sadzuka Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFood thickening agents help patients with dysphagia to eat, drink, and take medications. Taking medications with food thickeners has been reported to cause problems such as reduction of pharmacological effects through the delayed disintegration or non‐disintegration of tablets. We previously reported that long immersion periods in food thickeners causes delayed disintegration and non‐disintegration, while an immersion time of 1 min prevents these problems. However, in many studies including ours, water was used as the solvent, and patients with dysphagia use various drinks as food thickener solvents. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects on tablet disintegration of food thickeners dissolved in 12 solvents. The line spread test (LST) and pH of the food thickeners differed among solvents, whereas the disintegration times of tablets immersed in food thickeners for 1 min were similar. Magnesium oxide tablets immersed in food thickeners for 30 min experienced delayed disintegration or non‐disintegration in all solvents. These results suggested that the effects of solvents on the disintegration of medications hardly differ. Therefore, patients taking medications with food thickeners may refer to reports in which water was used as the solvent, regardless of their drink of choice.
Production risk, technical efficiency, and input use nexus: Lessons from Bangladesh aquaculture
Authors: Khan Md. Akhtaruzzaman , Begum Ratna , Nielsen Rasmus , Hoff Ayoe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe optimal use of resources in aquaculture is important, especially in developing countries, to obtain the highest possible outcome from the production process to support food security and poverty alleviation. Thus, within this study, the risk, efficiency, and input‐use variation in aquaculture farms in Bangladesh is investigated using a flexible stochastic frontier model with a risk and an inefficiency function. The results reveal that feed, labor, and capital have positive and significant impacts on production. In addition, an increased fingerling density and a larger farm increase the risk, whereas the use of feed and the capital invested have the opposite effect. Access to extension services has a positive effect and increases farm efficiency. An investigation of the farm size–productivity inverse relationship reveals that this phenomenon is not applicable to Bangladesh aquaculture. In general, efficient farmers are large‐scale farmers, who use a lower stocking density but a higher feeding intensity, resulting in a higher yield. On average, farmers use less labor and feed than what is optimal. To increase efficiency and reduce risk, it is recommended that more technical knowledge on optimal input use, extension service, and capital is made available to aquaculture farmers.
Metals in eggs and hatchlings of Dermochelys coriacea (testudines) in Espírito Santo, Brazil and their relation to hatching and emergence success
Authors: Borini Freire Jordana , Sousa Rafael M. , Taufner Karla , Carneiro Maria TW , Filgueiras Henrique R , Lenz Dominik , Ferreira Paulo Dias , C Endringer Denise 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCertain concentration of metal may influence survival in embryonic stages, reducing the birthrate and hatching emergence. This study aimed to evaluate concentration of metal in eggs and hatchlings of Dermochelys coriacea and correlate metal concentrations in eggs with hatching and emergence success. The samples were collected at Biological Reserve Station, ES, Brazil. At the nests' opening, unhatched eggs and stillborn hatchlings were collected to survey the successful hatching and emergence of D. coriacea. The eggs shell, egg content, and dead hatchlings metal concentrations were compared to hatching and emergence success. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of copper (Cu) in the hatchlings and the success of the emergence (r2 = .28, p < .05), and a moderate positive correlation between the concentrations of iron (Fe) and barium (Ba; r2 = .44, p < .05) and success hatching. The concentrations of metals in eggs and hatchlings of D. coriacea in the Espírito Santo are below the levels that could be considered harmful to the species. In summary, there is a positive correlation between metals levels and hatching and emergence success.
Teaching romantic competence skills to emerging adults: A relationship education workshop
Authors: Davila Joanne , Zhou Jiaqi , Norona Jerika , Bhatia Vickie , Mize Lauren , Lashman Kaycee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRomantic relationships are a central component of life and are linked to well‐being, making adaptive functioning critical. Yet, there are few theory‐driven, systematic efforts to prepare young people to function skillfully. This study reports the results of a randomized controlled trial of a two‐session relationship education program based on Davila and colleagues' construct of romantic competence. Participants were 154 (68 relationship education, 86 waitlist) emerging adult college students. They completed questionnaires initially, posttest, and at follow up. Compared to the waitlist, relationship education participants reported increases in workshop‐relevant knowledge, perspective taking, and adaptive decision making, all targets of the program. Qualitative data from relationship education participants at follow up indicated behavioral changes reflective of workshop material. This provides preliminary support of the program's efficacy.
Evidence‐based intervention program for reducing obesity among African‐American women in Southern California
Authors: Onyegbule Patience , Iyiegbuniwe Emmanuel , Sarter Barbara , James Kathy (Shadle) 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of group motivational education and empowerment program using evidence‐based approaches for obesity and weight loss management for African‐American Women.DesignThis study employed a quasi‐experimental time series design based on the theoretical frameworks of the Empowerment and Health Belief models.SampleTwenty‐eight African‐American Women were recruited into culturally appropriate and responsive weight‐loss management program.MeasurementsThe weight management programs consisted of nutrition education, physical activities, and focus‐group sessions. Measurements included analysis of blood samples for cholesterol, waistline, body mass index, and exercise time. Statistical analysis compared program outcomes at baseline and 3‐month intervals for 1 year.InterventionParticipants were educated on healthy food choices and physical activities based on National Institutes of Health's food guidelines.ResultsThe results showed that 90% of participants lost 20 pounds or more and 82% had 6 inches or more waist circumference reductions. Additionally, cholesterol reductions and improved nutrition knowledge and exercises were significant.ConclusionsWe developed an evidence‐based and culturally appropriate intervention for weight‐loss management among African‐American women. Acceptance of personal responsibility to modify behaviors, knowledge of good nutrition, and engagement in physical activities were positive and effective health behavioral changes in promoting health and weight‐loss management for this population.
Coping with low moisture stress: Remembering and responding
Authors: Choudhary Mukesh , Singh Alla , Rakshit Sujay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow‐moisture stress, also referred to as drought, is one of the major factors that negatively impact the agricultural yield. The present scenario of climate change is expected to aggravate it further. Considering the extended time required to develop resistant crops, it is important to prioritize research efforts for coping with low moisture, prevalent in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. While agricultural yield is a tradeoff between many choices, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses comes with yield penalties. To balance the tradeoffs and maximize productivity, the use of region‐specific cultivars and/or introgression of precise genetic proportions in an elite variety may prove useful. Stress memory is an emerging approach that helps plants to record and respond to repeated stress in an effective manner. In this context, we discuss the role of “stress memory” in imparting drought tolerance in plants. Future research efforts for its effective deployment for “drought hardening” in agricultural settings, along with a discussion on the yield tradeoff involved, is implicated.
Static Performance of a Hydrostatic Thrust Foil Bearing for Large Scale Oil-Free Turbomachines
Authors: LaTray Nguyen , Kim Daejong , Song Myongsok 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work presents a novel design of a hydrostatic thrust foil bearing (HSTFB), with an outer diameter of 154 mm, along with simulation and test results up to a specific load capacity of 223 kPa (32.3 psi). This bearing has high load capacity, low power loss, and no friction/wear during startup and shutdown. In addition, the HSTFB allows for bidirectional operation. The paper also presents an advanced simulation model that adopts the exact locations of tangentially arranged bumps to a cylindrical two-dimensional plate model of the top foil. This method predicts top foil deflection with better accuracy than the traditional independent elastic foundation model, which distributes the bump locations over the nodal points in the cylindrical coordinates, and with less computational resources than the finite element method applied to the entire bumps/top foils. The presented HSTFB was designed for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) generators, but its performance was predicted and measured using air in this paper. The bearing static performance is compared analytically against the rigid counterpart and presented at different supply pressures, speeds, and minimum film thicknesses. Experimental verification is conducted at 10, 15, and 20 krpm. The measured load capacity and frictional loss agree well with the prediction. The measured film thickness also agrees with the prediction after the structural deflection of the thrust runner disk is compensated. Overall, the novel HSTFB demonstrates excellent static performance and good potential for the intended ORC generators and other large oil-free turbomachines.
Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics for Mature Service Frame Rotors
Authors: Engels Philipp , Amann Christian , Schmitz Sebastian , Kadau Kai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLarge gas turbine design and service business are challenged with increased demands toward flexible operations, increasing number of start-stop cycles, and intermediate cycles. Probabilistic fracture mechanics simulation design tools have matured and became robust and reliable. We present a probabilistic reevaluation of Siemens E-class turbine disks by the combination of probabilistic two-dimensional axisymmetric part analysis of the disk and a novel probabilistic approach for the three-dimensional blade attachment. The first addresses the risk of inherent forging flaws, the latter combines the risk of surface crack initiation, growth, and failure. Both models consider the heterogeneous nature of material properties, flaw geometries, and detectability. These novel concepts developed at Siemens allow for an optimization of resource usage and safety, as well as the development of new service and inspection concepts for a variety of service frames and classes.
Three-Dimensional Glucose/Oxygen Biofuel Cells Based on Enzymes Embedded in Tetrabutylammonium Modified Nafion
Authors: Hui Yuchen , Ma Xiaoyan , Cai Rong , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A stable three-dimensional glucose/oxygen enzymatic biofuel cell is fabricated based on the method of polymer encapsulation-based immobilization. And three-dimensional carbon felt is used as the substrate of the bio-electrode for increasing enzymatic loading density. Gold nanoparticles and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are employed to promote direct electron transfer and enhance conductivity and electron conduction rate of bio-electrodes. Glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase are immobilized with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) modified Nafion, which enhances the stability of the bio-electrodes by the immobilization method. A membrane-free glucose/oxygen biofuel cell is assembled with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V and a maximum power density of 21.9 ± 0.1 μW/cm2 in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution with 100 mM glucose and air saturation. And the biofuel cell shows high stability to the condition. After 60 days of periodic storage experiments, the performance of the enzymatic biofuel cell still maintained 90.3% of its electrochemical performance.
Model Predictive Control for a Synchronous Machine With a Pulsed, Constant-Power Load
Authors: Parry Adam , Hencey Brandon , Zumberge Jon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the problem of controlling synchronous machines driving high pulsed, constant-power loads (CPLs) with fast ramp rates is investigated. Using a PI controller to provide offset-free tracking of the generator voltage in steady state, we design controllers using Model Predictive Control which act as a reference governor to ensure power quality constraints are met during transients. However, it is shown that a standard linear MPC algorithm creates a steady state offset due to model mismatch at off-nominal power levels resulting in loss of power quality. This problem is corrected by creating multiple linear models of the generator dynamics linearized around the nominal and high power operating points. We then demonstrate that a Hybrid Model Predictive Control algorithm (using the constrained piecewise affine prediction model) exhibits zero offset during the high power pulse. The Hybrid MPC algorithm also keeps the generator voltage within the required constraints. This approach has the benefit of correcting the model mismatch issue without using a computationally expensive nonlinear Model Predictive Control algorithm. Future work will focus on implementing and testing this hybrid MPC controller on a generator via explicit MPC techniques.
Experimental and Analytical Nonzero-Sum Differential Game-Based Control of a 7-DOF Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Bagheri Mostafa , Bertino Alexander , Naseradinmousavi Peiman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We formulate a Nash-based feedback control law for an Euler-Lagrange system to yield a solution to non-cooperative differential game. The robot manipulators are broadly utilized in industrial units on the account of their reliable, fast, and precise motions, while consuming a significant lumped amount of energy. Therefore, an optimal control strategy needs to be implemented in addressing efficiency issues, while delivering accuracy obligation. As a case study, we here focus on a 7-DOF robot manipulator through formulating a two-player feedback nonzero-sum differential game. First, coupled Euler-Lagrangian dynamic equations of the manipulator are briefly presented. Then, we formulate the feedback Nash equilibrium solution in order to achieve perfect trajectory tracking. Finally, the performance of the Nash-based feedback controller is analytically and experimentally examined. Simulation and experimental results reveal that the control law yields almost perfect tracking and achieves closed-loop stability.