bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness Of A Staff Training Program To Stimulate Physical Activity In Homecare: A Cluster RCT
Authors: Metzelthin Silke , Rooijackers Teuni H , Zijlstra G A Rixt , van Rossum Erik , Koster Annemarie , Evers Silvia , Passos Valeria Lima , Kempen Gertrudis I J M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reablement encourages older adults to do things themselves rather than having things done for them. To implement reablement in practice homecare staff needs the right knowledge, attitude, skills and support. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the “Stay Active at Home” reablement training program. A 12-month cluster-RCT was conducted, involving staff (n=313) and clients (n=264) from 10 homecare teams, five of which were trained. Effects were evaluated using data from accelerometers, physical performance tests, questionnaires and electronic patient records. No beneficial effects were observed in older adults for sedentary behavior; daily, physical, and psychological functioning; and falls. In homecare staff there were no statistically significant differences between study groups for self-efficacy and outcome expectations scores except for higher self-efficacy scores in more compliant staff (adjusted mean difference: 1.9 [95% CI 0.1, 3.7]). No differences were observed for any cost category except for domestic help costs in the intervention group (adjusted mean difference: €-173 [95% CI -299, -50]). The probability that “Stay Active at Home” is cost-effective compared to usual care at a willingness-to-pay of €20,000 was 19.7%/ daily minute of sedentary time averted, 19.2%/ percent of sedentary time averted as proportion of wake/wear time, and 5.9%/QALY gained, respectively. The reablement training program needs further development based on the lessons learned before wider implementation.
Fear, Resistance, or Anticipation? Older Truck Drivers’ Reactions to the Adoption of Automated Vehicles
Authors: Schuster Amy , Van Fossen Jenna , Sperry Danielle , Cotten Shelia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The forecasted adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) will lead to major changes to the job of truck driving. These changes may be particularly challenging for drivers, as the population of truck drivers skews much older than that of other occupations. In this study we sought to understand truck drivers’ attitudes towards AVs and the longevity of their job. We conducted focus groups with truck drivers, their supervisors, and upper-level managers of trucking companies. We relate supervisors’ and managers’ experiences working with drivers through the rollout of new technologies to further understand drivers’ initial reactions to automation and how their attitudes may develop. Based on qualitative open coding our analysis uncovered two overarching themes. The first theme is the unknown. With AVs, companies expect that experience will be less important, so they can hire younger workers. In response, drivers have expressed fear of being displaced and anxiety over the uncertainty of not knowing how their jobs will be affected. The second theme is adaptability, and desire to adapt. Older drivers have expressed resistance to adapting to AVs and to their job changing. Concerningly however, managers envision the need for a driving workforce that has experience working with technology and is adaptable. Our study identifies key challenges concerning older workers’ reactions and career decisions in response to automation. Accounting for driver reactions to AVs is necessary not only to build theory and understanding on worker reactions to automation, but also for workforce planning and to support employees, particularly older workers.
How Gender Shapes the Effects of Immediate Family Members’ Deaths on Adults’ Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Suitor J Jill , Gilligan Megan , Stepniak Catherine , Hou Yifei , Frase Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The deaths of family members constitute one of the most serious negative life events experienced in adulthood. The impact of these losses on psychological well-being may differ considerably by the structural relationship between the deceased and the survivors, and by the genders of both family members; however, few studies have been able to explore these variations by generation, gender, and time since death. In this paper, we use mixed-methods data to explore how depressive symptoms are affected differentially in adulthood by the deaths of mothers, fathers, and siblings, as well as by the gender of survivors. We address these questions using data collected from approximately 600 adult children nested within 250 later-life families, in which approximately 55% experienced the death of at least one parent and 15% experienced the death of a sibling in the previous decade. Preliminary multilevel regression analyses showed that deaths of siblings predicted sisters’ but not brothers’ depressive symptoms. In the case of parents, only mothers’ deaths were found to predict daughters’ depressive symptoms, whereas neither parents’ deaths predicted sons’ well-being. Further, these patterns differed little by time since death. Qualitative data revealed that women were more likely to report that both their mothers’ and siblings’ deaths had led to higher conflict within the sibling network, which previous research has shown predicts psychological well-being. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the salient role of gender in shaping well-being in the face of events of deaths of parents and siblings in adulthood.
Psychosocial Mentorship Needs: Promoting Diversity in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Clinical Careers
Authors: Thompson Sheri , Pineda Lauren , Gamboa Savannah , Santiago Gisselle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The UC San Diego MADURA Mentorship Program, funded by an R25 National Institute on Aging grant, has goals to improve diversity in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (ADRD) research and clinical practice. MADURA strives to improve retention and academic success of its URM trainees, and to increase graduate/medical school applications and/or entry into Aging/ADRD careers. Mentees receive paid research experience, skills training, peer support, seminars, and additional professional development opportunities. Given local demographics and Co-Investigator expertise, MADURA recruits primarily Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) students, and other URM students. Non-exclusive racial identifications of 32 Year 1 mentees were: 69% H/L, 9% Black/African American, 22% Asian and 31% other race. 72% met NIH criteria for Disadvantaged Backgrounds. As of June 2021, 100% of students completed surveys assessing Racial Microaggressions and Imposter Syndrome experiences, and Professional Self-efficacy. This poster will define the concepts, discuss relevance for URM student success and retention, and present student data on each topic. As examples, 56% of trainees experienced overt discrimination and 72% reported having experienced microaggressions at least occasionally, as undergraduates. As related to Imposter Syndrome, 62% secretly worried that others would find out that they are not as bright and capable as others think. Half attributed accomplishments to being a “fluke,” or due to reasons other than true merit. Still, in terms of Professional Self-efficacy, 62% of mentees thought it moderately or very likely that they would succeed as an Aging/ADRD researcher. The authors will make specific suggestions for optimized URM training and mentorship program content, and provide resources.
Safety and Efficacy of Repeat Doses of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Age Related Frailty
Authors: Saltzman Russell , Schulman Ivonne , Khan Aisha , Hare Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Age-related frailty is a common geriatric condition characterized by a decline in physical and immunological capacity that is associated with depletion of endogenous stem cells and leads to increased vulnerability for adverse health outcomes. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects and promote tissue repair, which may be able to impede the negative effects of the aging process. The objective of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of repeated infusions of allo-MSCs in subjects with aging-frailty. Mean age at time of first and second infusions was 75.5 and 77 years of age, respectively. In this open-label clinical trial, 24 participants received two intravenous infusions of allo-MSCs with an average interval of 17.6 months between doses. Safety endpoints included incidence of treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TE-SAEs) within 1-month post-infusion and increase in Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRAs) at 6-months post-infusion. Primary efficacy endpoint was change in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance at 6-months post-infusion. No TE-SAEs occurred within 1-month post-infusion. PRAs remained stable throughout the study, indicating no evidence of immune rejection. 6MWT increased by 42 meters after the first infusion (P=0.018). Eighteen months later elevation persisted (P=0.026), but did not increase further after the second infusion. In summary, repeated intravenous infusions of allo-MSCs were safe in participants with age-related frailty and showed remarkable improvement in physical performance. Given the excellent safety and efficacy profiles demonstrated in this study, larger clinical trials are warranted to further quantify the efficacy of repeated dosing of allo-MSCs in this multisystem disorder.
Social Isolation, Caregiving Alone, and Caregiving Stress in Family Caregivers of Older Adults in Korea
Authors: Baik Sol , Jun Jiweon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The tendency of caregiving alone is increasing, and these solo caregivers often perceive caregiving responsibilities as a burden. Still, literature on positive aspects of caregiving shows that not all caregivers experience severe distress. Little is known on which factors make a difference in experiencing caregiving distress among solo caregivers. We focused on the empirical findings on the negative impact of social isolation on caregiver’s mental health, examining if and how the intersection of solo caregiving and social isolation is related to severe caregiving stress among caregivers of older adults in Korea. We analyzed 501 family caregivers of older adults in Korea using survey data from the Care Work and the Economy research project (2018). We conducted ordinal logistic regression analysis. The findings show that solo caregivers with a lack of social time fall under the most at-risk group of caregivers in terms of experiencing severe stress (OR=3.72, SE=0.93) whereas solo caregivers with enough social time did not show significantly higher stress compared to the reference group (OR=1.50, SE=0.43). Being socially isolated caregivers still had high levels of stress despite the division of care (OR=2.16, SE=0.55), implying the need to provide caregivers more time for social interaction with others. The current public long-term care insurance in Korea provides limited hours of in-home care aide services to enable aging in place of older adults. To reduce the social isolation of caregivers, it is necessary to extend the service hours and provide support, such as creating online caregiver networks.
The Experiences of Older Adults with Cannabis and Mental Health: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Mirza Raza , Bull Amanda , Gardiola Andrea , Mirza Sabina , Hynes Mary , Hsieh Jessica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Following the 2018 federal legalization of cannabis in Canada, there was a drastic increase in older adults reporting marijuana use. Most cannabis research today focuses on children and young adults, however, it is important to acknowledge the potential harms in seniors as well. Aging and substance use presents unique considerations, such as the interactions between cannabis and chronic conditions, multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy, and mental health. The goal of this scoping review was to analyze the literature that addresses mental health outcomes of seniors who use cannabis, in order to answer the main research question: What is the relationship between older adults’ use of cannabis and mental health? Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework, 10 electronic databases were searched along with a hand search of references. The search revealed 7000+ peer-reviewed and grey literature sources. 233 full-text sources were assessed for eligibility, with a total of 25 articles included. Thematic content analysis produced four major themes which addressed: (1) Usage characteristics; (2) User characteristics; (3) Outcomes; and (4) Physical and mental health considerations. Findings from this scoping review are positioned in terms of their implications for research, practice, and policy. While more in-depth, qualitative methods are required to develop further research, several harm-reduction strategies may be immediately utilized by both users and healthcare practitioners. It is critical that older adults and their physicians are able to make cannabis-related decisions with evidence-informed guidance to prevent problematic cannabis use and ensure positive mental health outcomes.
Understanding the Role of Communication Technology in Facilitating Social Connectivity and Addressing Loneliness
Authors: Mois George , Beer Jenay , Emerson Kerstin , Washington Tiffany 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the United States, two out of five adults report feelings of loneliness. The evolvement of communication technologies presents a promising potential in helping improve social connectivity and address the experience of loneliness. However, the sense of presence (embodiment) users are able to achieve through the technologies can vary depending on their abilities and functions. The present study identified user characteristics associated with an interest to adopt telepresence technologies (e.g., videoconferencing, smart displays, robots) across various levels of embodiment. The data for this study were collected using a Qualtrics survey which was distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk. The participants recruited for this study were between the ages of 18-78 years old, constituting a total sample size of 384 participants. The data were analyzed using four logistics regression models. The dependent variables aimed to identify participants' interest to adopt telepresence technologies across varying embodiment levels. Across the lifespan older adults were significantly more likely to report lower rates of overall loneliness than young and middle-aged adults. Our findings indicate that those interested in adopting communication technologies with higher levels of embodiment had significantly higher odds of reporting being divorced or widowed (OR=4.12, p&lt;.05), reside in a rural community (OR=2.20, p&lt;.05), and report higher rates of emotional loneliness (OR=1.20, p&lt;.05). Across the four models, there was no significant difference in participants' interest to adopt telepresence technologies. These results suggest that the sense of presence achieved across the various types of communication technologies may help address feelings of loneliness and support healthy aging.
A walk in the country: storying rural journeys of dementia care
Authors: Horne Jami , Aubrecht Katie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dementia and dementia caregiving are increasingly recognized as significant public health issues. Dementia may be more prevalent in rural communities; in part due to higher rates of population aging. In Canada the Nova Scotia provincial dementia strategy Towards Understanding (2015) emphasizes the need to address the unique realities of rural dementia care as a priority issue; however, research remains limited on this demographic in the province, and Atlantic Canada more broadly. This presentation shares findings from the Royal Bank of Canada Foundation funded study, Rural Dementia Caregiving: A Community Life Story, conducted in 2021 to address this critical knowledge gap. The qualitative research design involved a narrative review, archival research and narrative analysis of interviews that yielded rich stories of family/friend dementia caregiving in rural Nova Scotia. Stories illustrate how history, culture and identity inform dementia caregiver realities, experiences and self-perceptions. Study results also suggest that rural dementia caregiving is characterized by factors that include strong community networks and deep-rooted connections to land, culture, and heritage, which can be experienced as supportive as well as constraining. The conditions of life in rural communities, including restricted access to internet, transportation, essential services and paid care providers, pose challenges to dementia caregiving. They also provide opportunities in which networks and connections become more visible and may even be strengthened. Findings demonstrate the lived realities of rural dementia caregivers and the people they care for are unique. Addressing their needs require a distinct approach that acknowledges and can appropriately respond to these differences.
ADRD Caregiving Experiences and Health by Race, Ethnicity and Care Recipient Geographic Context
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany , Sylvers Dominigue , Yoshikawa Aya , Anuarbe Mónika López , Webster Noah , Bouldin Erin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Few studies have examined how the intersectionality of geographic context and race/ethnicity influences Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) caregiving. Our aims were to determine whether 1) caregiver experiences and health differed across urban and rural areas; and 2) these links were moderated by caregiver race/ethnicity. We used data from the 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving. The sample included caregivers (n=808) of care recipients ages 65+ with ‘probable’ ADRD (n=482). Geographic context was defined as care recipient’s residence in metro (urban) or non-metro (rural) counties. Outcomes included caregiving experiences (burden, gains, life impacts, service/resource use) and health (self-rated, anxiety, depression symptoms, chronic health conditions). Bivariate analyses indicated that non-metro ADRD caregivers were less racially/ethnically diverse (82.7% white) and more were spouses/partners (20.2%). Among racial/ethnic minority ADRD caregivers, non-metro context was associated with having more chronic conditions (p&lt;.01), providing less care (p&lt;.01), and not co-residing with care recipients (p&lt;.001). Amid white ADRD caregivers, non-metro context was associated with not reporting caregiving was more than they could handle (p&lt;.05) and finding financial assistance for caregiving (p&lt;.05). Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that non-metro minority ADRD caregivers had 3.09 times higher odds (95% CI=1,02-9.36) of reporting anxiety in comparison to metro minority ADRD caregivers. Geographic context shapes ADRD caregiving experiences and caregiver health differently across racial/ethnic groups. Despite higher rates of ADRD and ADRD-related mortality in non-metro areas, findings suggest both positive and negative aspects of caregiving among White, Black, and Hispanic ADRD caregivers.
Ageism in Hiring Decisions: Sense of Purpose as a Mitigating Strategy
Authors: Wilson Megan , Hill Patrick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Discrimination against older adults in the workplace is a pervasive issue that has important consequences for older adults, leading to lower well-being (Stokes & Moorman, 2020) and worse job outcomes (Macdonald & Levy, 2016). One area where discrimination manifests is in hiring practices, and thus research is needed to understand factors that impact willingness to hire older adults. One potential intervention target to reduce age discrimination in hiring is sense of purpose. Sense of purpose manipulations have previously been successful in increasing one’s comfort with diversity (Burrow & Hill, 2013), and thus may prove successful in combatting age discrimination in the workplace. Therefore, the current studies sought to understand whether sense of purpose was related to ageist attitudes and hiring decisions, and how a purpose manipulation might serve as a tool to combat discrimination in hiring. Across two studies (n = 594, MAge = 27.20), participants were shown the resumé of either an older adult applicant (62-years-old) or younger adult applicant (32-years-old), and were asked how hireable they would rate the applicant. The research found that the purpose manipulation did effectively increase individuals’ sense of purpose. In addition, the research found that sense of purpose was negatively related to ageist attitudes. However, the purpose manipulation was unsuccessful in reducing ageist attitudes, and had no effect on ageist discrimination in hiring. These results suggest that while sense of purpose is negatively related to ageist attitudes, manipulating purpose may not be an effective tool to reduce ageist attitudes or discrimination.
Association of First Employment Characteristics and Hospitalization in the Mayo Clinic Biobank
Authors: Takahashi Paul , Ryu Euijung , Larson Nicole , Jenkins Gregory , Christine Kirt , Yost Kathleen , Olson Janet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Work history is associated with long term health outcomes We hypothesize that characteristics of the first work experience, such as age at first job and length of work (hereafter job) are associated with future risk of hospitalization. We further hypothesize that the length of work will be associated with hospitalization. We conducted a survey of adults &gt;60 years using a nested case-control approach within the Mayo Clinic Biobank. We collected job related variables including age at job start, reason for ending, and length of time. To test associations between each variable and hospitalization, we used age and gender adjusted logistic regression models. Our study included 4,024 subjects: 1,801 cases and 2223 controls. The mean age at time of match was 77.3 years (SD 7.2 years) with 49.2% males. Older age at the first full-time job was associated with lower chance of hospitalization later in life (OR=0.81 [0.67, 0.97] for those who started the job over 22 compared to those started at 18 or less). Cases were more likely to have stopped working because of illness (OR=2.04 [95% CI 1.29,3.27]). Cases were less likely to have stopped working because of retirement (OR=0.82 [95% CI: 0.72, 0.93]). We found cases were employed with a slightly shorter time (20.5 yrs. (SD 16.6)) compared to controls (21.8 yrs. (SD 16.3)) (p=0.005). Cases started work earlier and stopped work more frequently because of illness/disability compared to controls. This could reflect educational attainment in controls. This study highlights work history as potential predictor of future hospitalization.