bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inexpensive Multipatient Respiratory Monitoring System for Helmet Ventilation During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   The Princeton Open Ventilation Monitor Collaboration, Bourrianne Philippe , Chidzik Stanley , J. Cohen Daniel , Elmer Peter , Hallowell Thomas , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Lange David , Leifer Andrew M. , Marlow Daniel R. , Meyers Peter D. , Normand Edna , Nunes Janine , Oh Myungchul , Page Lyman , Periera Talmo , Pivarski Jim , Schreiner Henry , Stone Howard A. , Tank David W. , Thiberge Stephan , Tully Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Helmet continuous positive applied pressure is a form of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) that has been used to provide respiratory support to COVID-19 patients. Helmet NIV is low-cost, readily available, provides viral filters between the patient and clinician, and may reduce the need for invasive ventilation. Its widespread adoption has been limited, however, by the lack of a respiratory monitoring system needed to address known safety vulnerabilities and to monitor patients. To address these safety and clinical needs, we developed an inexpensive respiratory monitoring system based on readily available components suitable for local manufacture. Open-source design and manufacturing documents are provided. The monitoring system comprises flow, pressure, and CO2 sensors on the expiratory path of the helmet circuit and a central remote station to monitor up to 20 patients. The system is validated in bench tests, in human-subject tests on healthy volunteers, and in experiments that compare respiratory features obtained at the expiratory path to simultaneous ground-truth measurements from proximal sensors. Measurements of flow and pressure at the expiratory path are shown to deviate at high flow rates, and the tidal volumes reported via the expiratory path are systematically underestimated. Helmet monitoring systems exhibit high-flow rate, nonlinear effects from flow and helmet dynamics. These deviations are found to be within a reasonable margin and should, in principle, allow for calibration, correction, and deployment of clinically accurate derived quantities.
Evaluation of a Pneumatic Vest to Treat Symptoms of ARDS Caused by COVID-19
Authors: Ambrose Alexander B. , Detelich Joshua F. , Weinmann Maxwell , Hammond Frank L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Critical care patients who experience acute respiratory distress syndrome are commonly placed on mechanical ventilators to improve oxygen delivery and overall gas exchange of the pulmonary system. With the pulmonary inflammation accompanying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), patients experience significant alterations in ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) ratios resulting in lower blood oxygenation. In severe cases, patients are typically rotated into a prone position to facilitate improved blood flow to portions of the lung that were not previously participating in the gas exchange process. However, proning a patient increases the risk of complications, requires up to seven hospital staff members to carry out, and does not guarantee an improvement in the patient's condition. The low-cost V/Q vest presented here was designed to reproduce the effects of proning while also requiring less hospital staff than the proning process. Additionally, the V/Q Vest helps hospital staff predict whether patients would respond well to a proning treatment. A pilot study was conducted on nine patients with ARDS from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The average increase in oxygenation with the V/Q Vest treatment for all patients was 19.7±38.1%. Six of the nine patients responded positively to the V/Q Vest treatment, exhibiting increased oxygenation. The V/Q Vest also helped hospital staff predict that three of the five patients that were proned would experience an increase in oxygenation. An increase in oxygenation resulting from V/Q Vest treatment exceeded that of the proning treatment in two of these five proned patients.
Hydrodynamic behaviour of velocity of applied magnetic field on unsteady MHD Couette flow of dusty fluid in an annulus
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Gambo Dauda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis research work inspects mass transport phenomenon of Saffman’s dusty fluid model for transient magnetohydrodynamics fluid flow of a binary mixture passing through an annular duct. Particularly, effort has been devoted to theoretically explore the role of velocity of applied magnetic field. Here, our treatment of the governing momentum equations accountable for the flow is done using the classical Laplace transform technique and Riemann-Sum Approximation. The effects of the physical parameters such as time, relaxation time parameter, radii ratio, Hartmann number, variable mass parameter and velocity of applied magnetic field on the fluid phase velocity, dust phase velocity and skin friction have been illustrated pictorially. It is concluded that contrary to the known classical effect of boosting Hartmann number on velocity, both components of flow (fluid and dust phase) and skin friction are seen to be heightened with an overwhelming presence of velocity of applied magnetic field. For large time, it is anticipated that higher profiles for velocity and skin friction are seen with fluid phase and an accelerated moving wall.
Concepts and revised models for Phanerozoic orogenic gold deposits
Authors: Mortensen J. K. , Craw D. , MacKenzie D. J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Existing published models for orogenic gold deposits (OGDs) do not adequately describe or explain most deposits of Phanerozoic age, and there are numerous reasons why Phanerozoic OGDs might differ significantly from older deposits. We subdivide Phanerozoic OGDs into four main subtypes, based on a number of descriptive criteria, including tectonic setting, lithological siting, and characteristics of the mineralization in each subtype. The four subtypes are: (1) crustal-scale fault-associated (CSF) subtype, (2) sediment-hosted orogenic gold (SHOG) subtype, (3) forearc (FA) subtype, and (4) syn- and late tectonic dispersed (SLTD) subtype. Lead isotopic studies suggest that Pb and other metals in all but the FA subtype were likely derived from relatively small source reservoirs in the middle or upper crust. OGDs formed in large, lithologically and structurally homogeneous regions will tend to be of the same subtype; however, in geologically complex orogenic belts it is common to find two or more subtypes that formed at approximately the same time. Based on the synthesis of global OGDs of Phanerozoic age, districts containing CSF or SHOG subtype deposits appear to have the best potential for hosting multiple large deposits. FA subtype deposits form in a relatively uncommon tectonic setting (accretionary forearc, possibly overlying a subducting spreading ridge) and are likely to be rare. SLTD subtype OGDs are the most common, but most are small and uneconomic, although they commonly generate substantial alluvial gold deposits.
Comparative Study of Thermal Performance of Different Nanofluids in a Double Backward-Facing Step Channel: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Rana Shailendra , Dura Hari Bahadur , Bhattrai Sudip , Shrestha Rajendra 
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to study forced convection flow of different water-based nanofluids (ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2) with volume fractions (

ϕ

) = 0–5% and fixed nanoparticle size (dp) = 20 nm for Reynolds numbers (Re) = 50–225 over a double backward-facing step with an expansion ratio (ER) = 2 under constant heat flux (q″ = 3000 W/m2) condition using the finite volume method. Results indicate that the local Nusselt number increases with volume fraction and Reynolds number for all working fluids. In comparison to water, the maximum heat transfer augmentation of about 21.22% was achieved by using water-SiO2 nanofluid at Re = 225 with

ϕ

= 5% and dp = 20 nm. Under similar conditions, the Al2O3 and ZnO nanofluids demonstrated 14.23% and 11.86% augmentation in heat transfer in comparison to water. The skin friction coefficient decreases with the increase in Re for all working fluids. No significant differences are observed in the values of skin friction coefficient among all working fluids at a particular Re. These results indicate that the heat transfer enhancement has been achieved with no increased energy requirements. In addition, the velocity increases with the rise in Re, with SiO2 nanofluid exhibiting the highest velocity as compared to other working fluids.
Characterization of Nanoscale Pores in Tight Gas Sandstones Using Complex Techniques: A Case Study of a Linxing Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Lyu Chaohui , Zhong Liguo , Ning Zhengfu , Wang Qing , Cole David R. 
Published: December 2021

Pore structures with rich nanopores and permeability in tight gas reservoirs are poorly understood up to date. Advanced techniques are needed to be employed to accurately characterize pore structures, especially tiny pores which include micron and nanopores. In this study, various experimental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

T

2

, nitrogen adsorption method, and NMR cryoporometry (NMRC) are combined to interrogate the complex pore systems of the tight gas reservoir in the Linxing formation, Ordos Basin, China. Results show that tight gas sandstones are primarily comprised of residual interparticle and clay-dominated pores. Clay and quartz are two dominate minerals while pyrite occupies a nontrivial amount as well. The permeability of tight gas sandstones is very low, exhibiting an extremely poor positive correlation with porosity. While pore types and relative pore contents are more influential factors on the permeability, accurate characterization of pore size distribution is critical for the permeability of tight gas sandstones. Therefore, complementary characterization methods are carried out, indicating that neither small pores with

radii
<
100

nm

(around peak 1 in NMR

T

2

distribution) nor large pores with

radii
>
5

μ
m

(around peak 3 in NMR

T

2

distribution) control the permeability by analyzing the connectivity of the pores in various size ranges, but rather pores averaging approximately

350
±
X

nm

(around peak 2 in NMR

T

2

distribution) have sufficient connectivity to host and transmit hydrocarbons. The pore size of tight gas sandstones is dominated by the clay-rich mineral assemblage. The study shows that the NMRC technique can be a very promising method, especially when referred to as a promising “roadmap” on how to interrogate tight formations such as the tight gas sands or even shale especially for the nanopore characterization.
Tumor Suppressor PLK2 May Serve as a Biomarker in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer for Improved Response to PLK1 Therapeutics
Authors: Gao Yang , Kabotyanski Elena B. , Shepherd Jonathan H. , Villegas Elizabeth , Acosta Deanna , Hamor Clark , Sun Tingting , Montmeyor-Garcia Celina , He Xiaping , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Westbrook Thomas F. , Lewis Michael T. , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Zhang Xiang H.-F. , Perou Charles M. , Rosen Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2021

Polo-like kinase (PLK) family members play important roles in cell-cycle regulation. The founding member PLK1 is oncogenic and preclinically validated as a cancer therapeutic target. Paradoxically, frequent loss of chromosome 5q11–35, which includes PLK2, is observed in basal-like breast cancer. In this study, we found that PLK2 was tumor suppressive in breast cancer, preferentially in basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. Knockdown of PLK1 rescued phenotypes induced by PLK2 loss both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that PLK2 directly interacted with PLK1 at prometaphase through the kinase but not the polo-box domains of PLK2, suggesting PLK2 functioned at least partially through the interaction with PLK1. Furthermore, an improved treatment response was seen in both Plk2-deleted/low mouse preclinical and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) TNBC models using the PLK1 inhibitor volasertib alone or in combination with carboplatin. Reexpression of PLK2 in an inducible PLK2-null mouse model reduced the therapeutic efficacy of volasertib. In summary, this study delineates the effects of chromosome 5q loss in TNBC that includes PLK2, the relationship between PLK2 and PLK1, and how this may render PLK2-deleted/low tumors more sensitive to PLK1 inhibition in combination with chemotherapy.

Significance:
The tumor-suppressive role of PLK2, and its relationship with oncogene PLK1, provide a mechanistic rationalization to use PLK1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy to treat PLK2-low/deleted tumors. TNBC, and other cancers with low PLK2 expression, are such candidates to leverage precision medicine to identify patients who might benefit from treatment with these inhibitors.
Mass Shootings and Their Proximity to a Public or Private School: Protecting the Health and Livelihood of Our Children
Authors: Sen-Crowe Brendon , Autrey Cody , Newsome Kevin , Mckenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Firearm-related violence occupies the third leading age-adjusted mortality rate among all mechanisms of injury. We aim to analyze the distribution of mass shootings in relation to the distance to the nearest public/private school in the United States. Methods A retrospective study investigating mass shootings and proximity to school areas. Information regarding mass shootings was obtained from the Gun Violence Archive. The locations of public/private schools for the 2019-2020 school year were obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Euclidian distance from a mass shooting to the nearest school was measured. Results There were 417 mass shootings in 2019 and 610 in 2020. The average distance from a mass shooting to the nearest public/private school was 0.52 miles in 2019 and 0.57 miles in 2020. Most mass shootings occurred within 0.30 miles of a school in 2019 and 0.40 miles in 2020. There was no significant association between average distance of a mass shooting to a public/private school and the population density in 2019 ( P = .313) or 2020 ( P = .351). Conclusion The growing number of mass shootings from 2019-2020 was associated with an average distance of <0.60 miles from the location of a mass shooting to a public or private school, highlighting the danger posed to children living and learning in these areas. Mass shootings are prevalent throughout the country and the close proximity of these events to places of learning warrants further investigation into policies and preventive measures aimed at preventing gun violence occurring near schools.
The Effectiveness of Telemedicine Solutions for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Hangaard Stine , Laursen Sisse H. , Andersen Jonas D. , Kronborg Thomas , Vestergaard Peter , Hejlesen Ole , Udsen Flemming W. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Previous systematic reviews have aimed to clarify the effect of telemedicine on diabetes. However, such reviews often have a narrow focus, which calls for a more comprehensive systematic review within the field. Hence, the objective of the present systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression is to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine solutions versus any comparator without the use of telemedicine on diabetes-related outcomes among adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We considered telemedicine randomized controlled trials (RCT) including adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with T2D. Change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %) was the primary outcome. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched on October 14, 2020. An overall treatment effect was estimated using a meta-analysis performed on the pool of included studies based on the mean difference (MD). The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was applied and the certainty of evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results: The final sample of papers included a total of 246, of which 168 had sufficient information to calculate the effect of HbA1c%. The results favored telemedicine, with an MD of −0.415% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.482% to −0.348%). The heterogeneity was great (I2 = 93.05%). A monitoring component gave rise to the higher effects of telemedicine. Conclusions: In conclusion, telemedicine may serve as a valuable supplement to usual care for patients with T2D. The inclusion of a telemonitoring component seems to increase the effect of telemedicine.
Clinical Practice Experiences Using a Professional Diabetes Management Ecosystem During COVID
Authors: Merino Torres Juan Francisco , Grady Mike , Lopez Alba Alfonso , Nattero Chavez Lía , Justel Enriquez Alicia , Gaspar Ruth , Aizpeolea San Miguel Lourdes , Menendez Alvarez Flor , Nunes Pinto Elsa , Petry Friedrich Wilhelm , Jorn Rose , Weyland Maria , Scherer Barbara , Birkemeyer Doreen , Scorsone Alessandro , Petrizzo Michela , Lai Alessio , Gravina Giuseppe , Verhaegen Ann , Smet Marleen , Verhaegen Lieve , Van den Bulck Ilde , De Bie Ann , Holt Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Background: Challenges of patient care in diabetes were exacerbated by COVID, undermining the ability of patients to engage in-person with health care professionals (HCPs). To combat this, there has been accelerated adoption of telemedicine to support patient and provider connectivity. Methods: We collated survey information regarding telemedicine from 21 European clinical institutions. Health care professionals joined virtual meetings focusing on the OneTouch Reveal (OTR) ecosystem and its utility for conducting telemedicine. Selected HCPs provided clinical case studies to explain how the OTR ecosystem supported patient care. Results: Remote consultations increased by nearly 50% in 21 European clinics during the pandemic (Belgium [24%], Iberia [65%], Germany [34%], Italy [54%]). In all, 52% of people with diabetes using OTR app to connect remotely with HCPs had type 1 diabetes and 48% had type 2 diabetes. Remote connection methods included telephone (60%), email (19%), video chat (10%), text only (3%), or a mix of these methods (8%). Health care professionals usually reviewed patient data during consultations (45%) rather than before consultations (25%). Fifty-five percent of HCPs indicated digital ecosystems like OTR ecosystem would become their standard of care for diabetes management. In-depth conversations with HCPs provided a deeper understanding of how a digital ecosystem integrated into clinical practice and population management. In addition, five patient case studies using OTR ecosystem were provided by a selection of our HCPs. Conclusion: Diabetes management solutions, such as OTR ecosystem, supported telemedicine during the pandemic and will continue to play a valuable role in patient care beyond the pandemic.
Trusting in the online ‘community’: An interview study exploring internet use in young people with chronic pain
Authors: Hurley-Wallace Anna , Kirby Sarah , Bishop Felicity 
Published: December 2021

Background Chronic pain in young people is prevalent in the UK. Young people are digital natives, yet there has not been any online intervention developed in a UK context to help them manage chronic pain. Key to understanding the context in which young people engage with online interventions is better understanding their internet use for chronic pain management. The overarching aim of this study was to explore young peoples’ experiences of searching for information about chronic pain using the internet. This included experiences of using search engines (e.g. Google), health information websites (e.g. the National Health Service [NHS] website) and social media (e.g. Facebook and Instagram). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people aged 16–24-years ( n = 24), online, via Microsoft (MS) Teams. The study was advertised online and via patient partner charities. Interview data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Participants presented with a variety of chronic pain conditions, including joint hypermobility syndrome ( n = 6), chronic headache and/or migraine ( n = 4) and fibromyalgia ( n = 3). Four themes were generated: ‘Trustworthy information, or experiences?’, ‘Diagnostic labels in a digital world’, ‘The online chronic pain community’ and ‘A mind and body approach to self-management’. Young people trust advice from others in their online community and having a diagnostic label help them find relevant pain management strategies and support networks online. Conclusions This study is the first qualitative exploration of internet use in UK-based young people with chronic pain. Findings highlight the importance of considering internet use when developing new online interventions for young people with pain and that internet use, particularly social media use, is an important psychosocial consideration in pain management. Young people should be encouraged to verify practical pain management techniques found online with their doctor and be empowered in the safe use of appropriate psychology-based self-management resources.
Changes in College Student Anxiety and Depression From Pre- to During-COVID-19: Perceived Stress, Academic Challenges, Loneliness, and Positive Perceptions
Authors: Haikalis Michelle , Doucette Hannah , Meisel Matthew K. , Birch Kelli , Barnett Nancy P. 
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major stressor that has negatively impacted global mental health. Many U.S. college students faced an abrupt transition to remote learning in March 2020 that significantly disrupted their routines, likely causing changes in mental health. The current study examined changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms among 990 college students, from before COVID-19 had reached U.S. community spread to 5 months into the pandemic. Results indicate overall increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; this effect was amplified as more COVID-related challenges with academic impact and loneliness were reported. Increases in anxiety and depression were buffered as a function of greater perceived positive changes attributed to COVID-19; the differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms over time were also lessened when greater perceived stress prior to COVID-19 was reported. Findings reveal an unexpected effect involving pre-pandemic stress, and highlight potential targets to promote resilience, which should be examined long-term.