bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide retrospective study of critically ill adults with sickle cell disease in France
Authors: Agbakou Maïté , Mekontso-Dessap Armand , Pere Morgane , Voiriot Guillaume , Picard Muriel , Bourenne Jérémy , Ehrmann Stephan , Canet Emmanuel , Boyer Alexandre , Nseir Saad , Tamion Fabienne , Thille Arnaud W. , Argaud Laurent , Pontis Emmanuel , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Schneider Francis , Hot Arnaud , Capellier Gilles , Aubron Cécile , Razazi Keyvan , Masseau Agathe , Brule Noëlle , Reignier Jean , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLittle is known about patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The goals of this study were to assess outcomes in patients admitted to the ICU for acute complications of SCD and to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. This multicenter retrospective study included consecutive adults with SCD admitted to one of 17 participating ICUs. An adverse outcome was defined as death or a need for life-sustaining therapies (non-invasive or invasive ventilation, vasoactive drugs, renal replacement therapy, and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Factors associated with adverse outcomes were identified by mixed multivariable logistic regression. We included 488 patients admitted in 2015–2017. The main reasons for ICU admission were acute chest syndrome (47.5%) and severely painful vaso-occlusive event (21.3%). Sixteen (3.3%) patients died in the ICU, mainly of multi-organ failure following a painful vaso-occlusive event or sepsis. An adverse outcome occurred in 81 (16.6%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 13.3%–19.9%) patients. Independent factors associated with adverse outcomes were low mean arterial blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.98; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; p = 0.027), faster respiratory rate (aOR, 1.09; 95% CI 1.05–1.14; p < 0.0001), higher haemoglobin level (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI 1.01–1.48; p = 0.038), impaired creatinine clearance at ICU admission (aOR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.98; p < 0.0001), and red blood cell exchange before ICU admission (aOR, 5.16; 95% CI 1.16–22.94; p = 0.031). Patients with SCD have a substantial risk of adverse outcomes if they require ICU admission. Early ICU admission should be encouraged in patients who develop abnormal physiological parameters.
Coordination of retrotransposons and type I interferon with distinct interferon pathways in dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune blistering disease
Authors: Kuriyama Yuko , Shimizu Akira , Kanai Saki , Oikawa Daisuke , Motegi Sei-ichiro , Tokunaga Fuminori , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractType I interferon (IFN) plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity, and aberrant IFN responses are involved in systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and dermatomyositis (DM). Type I IFNs can be induced by transcribed retrotransposons. The regulation of retrotransposons and type I IFN and the downstream IFN pathways in SLE, DM, and autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) were investigated. The gene expression levels of retrotransposons, including LINE-1, type I-III IFNs, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood cells from patients with DM (n = 24), SLE (n = 19), AIBD (n = 14) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 10) were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Upregulation of retrotransposons and IFNs was detected in DM patient samples, as is characteristic, compared to HCs; however, ISGs were not uniformly upregulated. In contrast, retrotransposons and IFNs, except for type II IFN, such as IFN-γ, were not upregulated in SLE. In AIBD, only some retrotransposons and type I interferons were upregulated. The DM, SLE, and AIBD samples showed coordinated expression of retrotransposons and type I IFNs and distinct spectra of IFN signaling. A positive correlation between LINE-1 and IFN-β1 was also detected in human cell lines. These factors may participate in the development of these autoimmune diseases.
Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on brain and lung damage in experimental acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Sousa Giselle C. , Fernandes Marcos Vinicius , Cruz Fernanda F. , Antunes Mariana A. , da Silva Carla M. , Takyia Christina , Battaglini Denise , Samary Cynthia S. , Robba Chiara , Pelosi Paolo , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Silva Pedro L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke is associated with pulmonary complications, and often dexmedetomidine and propofol are used to decrease cerebral metabolic rate. However, it is unknown the immunomodulatory actions of dexmedetomidine and propofol on brain and lungs during acute ischemic stroke. The effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol were compared on perilesional brain tissue and lung damage after acute ischemic stroke in rats. Further, the mean amount of both sedatives was directly evaluated on alveolar macrophages and lung endothelial cells primarily extracted 24-h after acute ischemic stroke. In twenty-five Wistar rats, ischemic stroke was induced and after 24-h treated with sodium thiopental (STROKE), dexmedetomidine and propofol. Dexmedetomidine, compared to STROKE, reduced diffuse alveolar damage score [median(interquartile range); 12(7.8–15.3) vs. 19.5(18–24), p = 0.007)], bronchoconstriction index [2.28(2.08–2.36) vs. 2.64(2.53–2.77), p = 0.006], and TNF-α expression (p = 0.0003), while propofol increased VCAM-1 expression compared to STROKE (p = 0.0004). In perilesional brain tissue, dexmedetomidine, compared to STROKE, decreased TNF-α (p = 0.010), while propofol increased VCAM-1 compared to STROKE (p = 0.024). In alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells, dexmedetomidine decreased IL-6 and IL-1β compared to STROKE (p = 0.002, and p = 0.040, respectively), and reduced IL-1β compared to propofol (p = 0.014). Dexmedetomidine, but not propofol, induced brain and lung protection in experimental acute ischemic stroke.
The strong correlation between ADAM33 expression and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and candidate for biomarker and treatment of COPD
Authors: Fachri Muhammad , Hatta Mochammad , Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Santoso Arif , Wikanningtyas Tri Ariguntar , Dwiyanti Ressy , Junita Ade Rifka , Primaguna Muhammad Reza , Sabir Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAirway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an amplified response of the normal immune system that occurs as a result of chronic irritation by toxic substances, such as cigarette smoke. This leads to the characteristic pathological changes in the inflammatory cells of COPD patients. ADAM33 has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD in East Asia by affecting airway inflammation and other immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of ADAM33 (mRNA and soluble levels) as a biomarker of inflammation in COPD patients. This is a case control study using consecutive sampling. The COPD case and control (non-COPD) groups comprised 37 and 29 patients, respectively. We used univariate analysis to assess differences in the parameters between the groups and bivariate analysis to non-parametrically compare these parameters between the two groups. We observed significantly higher mRNA levels of ADAM33 in the COPD patients (10.39 ± 1.76) as compared to that in the non-COPD individuals (6.93 ± 0.39; P < 0.001). The levels of soluble ADAM33 were also significantly higher in the COPD patients (2.188 ± 1.142 ng/ml) compared to the non-COPD individuals (0.487 ± 0.105 ng/ml; P < 0.001). The mRNA and soluble ADAM33 levels were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to those in the parameter-matched non-COPD individuals. Thus, ADAM33 is a potential biomarker and treatment for inflammation in COPD patients.
Indigenous impacts on north Australian savanna fire regimes over the Holocene
Authors: Wurster Christopher M. , Rowe Cassandra , Zwart Costijn , Sachse Dirk , Levchenko Vladimir , Bird Michael I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFire is an essential component of tropical savannas, driving key ecological feedbacks and functions. Indigenous manipulation of fire has been practiced for tens of millennia in Australian savannas, and there is a renewed interest in understanding the effects of anthropogenic burning on savanna systems. However, separating the impacts of natural and human fire regimes on millennial timescales remains difficult. Here we show using palynological and isotope geochemical proxy records from a rare permanent water body in Northern Australia that vegetation, climate, and fire dynamics were intimately linked over the early to mid-Holocene. As the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intensified during the late Holocene, a decoupling occurred between fire intensity and frequency, landscape vegetation, and the source of vegetation burnt. We infer from this decoupling, that indigenous fire management began or intensified at around 3 cal kyr BP, possibly as a response to ENSO related climate variability. Indigenous fire management reduced fire intensity and targeted understory tropical grasses, enabling woody thickening to continue in a drying climate.
Mbnl1 and Mbnl2 regulate brain structural integrity in mice
Authors: Sta Maria Naomi S. , Zhou Chenyu , Lee Se Jung , Valiulahi Parvin , Li Xiandu , Choi Jongkyu , Liu Xiaodan , Jacobs Russell , Comai Lucio , Reddy Sita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMyotonic Dystrophy Type I (DM1) patients demonstrate widespread and variable brain structural alterations whose etiology is unclear. We demonstrate that inactivation of the Muscleblind-like proteins, Mbnl1 and Mbnl2, initiates brain structural defects. 2D FSE T2w MRIs on 4-month-old Mbnl1+/−/Mbnl2−/− mice demonstrate whole-brain volume reductions, ventriculomegaly and regional gray and white matter volume reductions. Comparative MRIs on 2-month-old Mbnl1−/−, Mbnl2−/− and Mbnl1−/−/Mbnl2+/− brains show genotype-specific reductions in white and gray matter volumes. In both cohorts, white matter volume reductions predominate, with Mbnl2 loss leading to more widespread alterations than Mbnl1 loss. Hippocampal volumes are susceptible to changes in either Mbnl1 or Mbnl2 levels, where both single gene and dual depletions result in comparable volume losses. In contrast, the cortex, inter/midbrain, cerebellum and hindbrain regions show both gene and dose-specific volume decreases. Our results provide a molecular explanation for phenotype intensification in congenital DM1 and the variability in the brain structural alterations reported in DM1.
Template switching and duplications in SARS-CoV-2 genomes give rise to insertion variants that merit monitoring
Authors: Garushyants Sofya K. , Rogozin Igor B. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe appearance of multiple new SARS-CoV-2 variants during the COVID-19 pandemic is a matter of grave concern. Some of these variants, such as B.1.617.2, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351, manifest higher infectivity and virulence than the earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, with potential dramatic effects on the course of the pandemic. So far, analysis of new SARS-CoV-2 variants focused primarily on nucleotide substitutions and short deletions that are readily identifiable by comparison to consensus genome sequences. In contrast, insertions have largely escaped the attention of researchers although the furin site insert in the Spike (S) protein is thought to be a determinant of SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Here, we identify 346 unique inserts of different lengths in SARS-CoV-2 genomes and present evidence that these inserts reflect actual virus variance rather than sequencing artifacts. Two principal mechanisms appear to account for the inserts in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, polymerase slippage and template switch that might be associated with the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs. At least three inserts in the N-terminal domain of the S protein are predicted to lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies, whereas other inserts might result in escape from T-cell immunity. Thus, inserts in the S protein can affect its antigenic properties and merit monitoring.
Effects of incorporation of Ag into a kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4thin film on its photoelectrochemical properties for water reduction
Authors: Ikeda Shigeru , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Okamoto Riku , Remeika Mikas , Abdellaoui Imane , Islam Muhammad M. , Harada Takashi , Abe Ryu , Sakurai Takeaki 
Published: November 2021

Incorporation of Ag into a crystalline lattice of kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film was found to be effective for improvements of its photoelectrochemical properties for water reduction.
The role of anionic heterovalent [PO4]3− → [GeO4]4− substitution on the luminescence properties of inorganic phosphors with the β-Ca3(PO4)2-type structure: new data based on accurate crystal structure refinement
Authors: Deyneko Dina V. , Nikiforov Ivan V. , Lazoryak Bogdan I. , Aksenov Sergey M. 
Published: November 2021

The preferable scheme of heterovalent [PO4]3− → [GeO4]4− substitution have been studied and clarified in the β-Ca3(PO4)2-type compounds. The similarity of the structure was calculated for novel Ca8+0.5xZnEu(PO4)7−x(GeO4)x series.
Comparison of the uptake of untargeted and targeted immunostimulatory nanoparticles by immune cells in the microenvironment of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Covarrubias Gil , Moon Taylor J. , Loutrianakis Georgia , Sims Haley M. , Umapathy Mayura P. , Lorkowski Morgan E. , Bielecki Peter A. , Wiese Michelle L. , Atukorale Prabhani U. , Karathanasis Efstathios 
Published: November 2021

Using common targeting ligands, we developed four nanoparticle variants and assessed their microdistribution in the tumor immune microenvironment in three different breast cancer landscapes, including primary tumor, early and late metastasis.
MHD study of the planetary magnetospheric response during extreme solar wind conditions: Earth and exoplanet magnetospheres applications
Authors: Varela J. , Brun A. S. , Strugarek A. , Réville V. , Zarka P. , Pantellini F. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The stellar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field modify the topology of planetary magnetospheres. Consequently, the hazardous effect of the direct exposition to the stellar wind, for example, regarding the integrity of satellites orbiting the Earth or the habitability of exoplanets, depends upon the space weather conditions.Aims.The aim of the study is to analyze the response of an Earth-like magnetosphere for various space weather conditions and interplanetary coronal mass ejections. The magnetopause standoff distance, the open-close field line boundary, and plasma flows toward the planet surface are calculated.Methods.We used the magnetohydrodynamics code PLUTO in spherical coordinates to perform a parametric study of the dynamic pressure and temperature of the stellar wind as well as of the interplanetary magnetic field intensity and orientation. The range of the parameters we analyzed extends from regular to extreme space weather conditions, which is consistent with coronal mass ejections at the Earth orbit for the present and early periods of the solar main sequence. In addition, implications of sub-Afvénic solar wind configurations for the Earth and exoplanet magnetospheres were analyzed.Results.The direct precipitation of the solar wind at the Earth dayside in equatorial latitudes is extremely unlikely even during super coronal mass ejections. On the other hand, for early evolution phases during the solar main sequence, when the solar rotation rate was at least five times faster (<440 Myr), the Earth surface was directly exposed to the solar wind during coronal mass ejections. Today, satellites at high, geosynchronous, and medium orbits are directly exposed to the solar wind during coronal mass ejections because part of the orbit at the Earth dayside is beyond the nose of the bow shock.
The influence of gravity on granular impacts
Authors: Sunday Cecily , Murdoch Naomi , Wilhelm Arnaud , Drilleau Melanie , Zhang Yun , Tardivel Simon , Michel Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Context.Slow interactions on small body surfaces occur both naturally and through human intervention. The resettling of grains and boulders following a cratering event, as well as observations made during small body missions, can provide clues regarding the material properties and the physical evolution of a surface. In order to analyze such events, it is necessary to understand how gravity influences granular behavior.Aims.In this work, we study slow impacts into granular materials for different collision velocities and gravity levels. Our objectives are to develop a model that describes the penetration depth in terms of the dimensionless Froude number and to use this model to understand the relationship between collision behavior, collision velocity, and gravity.Methods.We used the soft-sphere discrete element method to simulate impacts into glass beads under gravitational accelerations ranging from 9.81 m s−2to 0.001 m s−2. We quantified collision behavior using the peak acceleration, the penetration depth, and the collision duration of the projectile, and we compared the collision behavior for impacts within a Froude number range of 0–10.Results.The measured penetration depth and collision duration for low-velocity collisions are comparable when the impact parameters are scaled by the Froude number, and the presented model predicts the collision behavior well within the tested Froude number range. If the impact Froude number is low (0 < Fr < 1.5), the collision occurs in a regime that is dominated by a depth-dependent quasi-static friction force. If the impact Froude number is high enough (1.5 < Fr < 10), the collision enters a second regime that is dominated by inertial drag.Conclusions.The presented collision model can be used to constrain the properties of a granular surface material using the penetration depth measurement from a single impact event. If the projectile size, the collision velocity, the gravity level, and the final penetration depth are known and if the material density is estimated, then the internal friction angle of the material can be deduced.
Apart from the Medical Complaints, Why do Patients Use Emergency
Medical Services? Results of a Patient Survey
Authors: Piedmont Silke , Reinhold Anna Katharina , Bock Jens-Oliver , Rothhardt Janett , Swart Enno , Robra Bernt-Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Many countries face an increased use of emergency medical
services (EMS) with a decreasing percentage of life-threatening complaints.
Though there is a broad discussion among experts about the cause,
patients' self-perceived, non-medical reasons for using EMS remain
largely unknown.
Methods The written survey included EMS patients who had≥1 case of
prehospital emergency care in 2016. Four German health insurance companies sent
out postal questionnaires to 1312 insured patients. The response rate was
20%; 254 questionnaires were eligible for descriptive and interferential
analyses (t-tests, chi2-tests, logistic models).
Results The majority of respondents indicated that their EMS use was due
to an emergency or someone else’s decision (≥84%;
multiple checks allowed); 56% gave need for a quick transport as a
reason. Other frequently stated reasons addressed the health care system
(e. g., complaints outside of physicians’ opening hours) and
insecurity/anxiety about one’s state of health
(>45% of the respondents). “Social factors” were
similarly important (e. g., 42% affirming, “No one could
give me a ride to the emergency department or doctor’s
office.”). Every fifth person had contact with other emergency care
providers prior to EMS use. Respondents negating an emergency as a reason were
less likely to confirm wanting immediate medical care on site or quick
transports compared to those affirming an emergency. Patients using EMS at night
more often denied having an emergency compared to patients with access to care
during the day.
Conclusion The study identified a bundle of reasons leading to EMS use
apart from medical complaints. Attempts for needs-oriented EMS use should
essentially include optimization of the health care and social support system
and measures to reduce patients’ insecurity.
Therapieadhärenz 3 Monate nach Einleitung einer nichtinvasiven CPAP-Therapie bei 1078 Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA)
Authors: Koehler Julian , Hildebrandt Olaf , Cassel Werner , Conradt Regina , Mayr Petra , Alter Peter , Viniol Christian 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Die nächtliche kontinuierliche positive Überdruckatmung (CPAP) gilt als therapeutischer Goldstandard einer obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA). Die CPAP-Therapie stellt zumeist eine Dauertherapie mit geringen Nebenwirkungen dar. Trotzdem ist die Therapietreue unbefriedigend. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Therapietreue betrachtet und typische Probleme katalogisiert.Methode 1078 OSA-Patienten wurden nach diagnostischer Polygrafie (PG) oder Polysomnografie (PSG) auf eine CPAP-Therapie eingestellt. Die Therapietreue wurde nach 3 Monaten nachverfolgt. Folgende Therapieadhärenz-Gruppen wurden festgelegt: 1. gute CPAP-Einstellung und Nutzung, 2. CPAP-Abbruch nach anfänglicher Nutzung, 3. mangelnde CPAP-Nutzung wegen Nebenwirkungen, 4. Abbruch aufgrund fehlender Motivation/geringem Leidensdruck, 5. Masken-Unverträglichkeit, 6. CPAP-Versagen aufgrund fehlenden Therapieeffekts, 7. Umstellung auf anderes Beatmungsverfahren, 8. keine Kontrolle erfolgt.Ergebnisse Von 1078 CPAP-Patienten erschienen 830 Patienten (77 %) zur Therapiekontrolle. Hiervon waren 450 Patienten (54,2 %) in Gruppe 1, 216 Patienten (26 %) in Gruppe 2, 71 Patienten (8,5 %) in Gruppe 3, 35 Patienten (4,2 %) in Gruppe 4, 14 Patienten (1,7 %) in Gruppe 5, 3 Patienten (0,4 %) in Gruppe 6 und 41 Patienten (4,9 %) in Gruppe 7. Ein geringer obstruktiver Ereignisindex, niedriger CPAP-Druck und tendenziell auch ein geringer Epworth-Sleepiness-Score waren Prädiktoren für CPAP-Versagen. Für die Therapietreue konnten keine signifikanten Prädiktoren dargestellt werden.Diskussion Eine effektive Therapienutzung von 54 % nach 3 Monaten ist ein suboptimales Ergebnis. Prädiktoren für CPAP-Versagen waren Parameter, die vor Therapie auf geringen Leidensdruck der Patienten deuteten. Trotz großer Patientenkohorte konnten keine signifikanten CPAP-Adhärenz-Prädiktoren durch anthropometrische oder PSG-Daten dargestellt werden. Vielmehr könnten Erfahrungen in den ersten Therapietagen ausschlaggebend sein. CPAP-Geräte bieten Komforteinstellungen, die kenntnisgerecht auf den Patienten individualisiert werden müssen. Eine große Auswahl an unterschiedlichen Maskenformen erfordert Erfahrung und Training bei der patientenorientierten Maskenanpassung. Eine 3-monatige Wiedervorstellung erscheint zu lang, um Therapieprobleme zeitnah mit dem Patienten zu besprechen. Telemedizinische Möglichkeiten oder kurzfristige telefonische Beratungsoptionen sollten in Betracht gezogen werden.