bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilic‐interaction‐based magnetically assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction of carbadox and olaquindox in feeds
Authors: Liao Xibin , Chen Yihui , Lei Meikang , Hou Chunyan , Li Xie , Wang Tingting 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbadox and olaquindox have been banned from feeds since 1998 by the EU because of their mutagenic, photoallergic, and carcinogenic effects. Unfortunately, owing to their outstanding effect, they are frequently abused or misused in animal husbandry. There is an urgent need to develop a sensitive and reliable method for monitoring these drugs in animal feeds.RESULTSThis work reported a new method of hydrophilic‐interaction‐based magnetically assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion (MMSPD) extraction coupled with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of carbadox and olaquindox in animal feeds. 3‐Trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (γ‐MAPS)‐modified attapulgite (ATP) was crosslinked with γ‐MAPS‐modified iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), 1‐vinyl‐3‐(butyl‐4‐sulfonate) imidazolium (VBSIm), acrylamide (AM), and N,N′‐methylene‐bis(acrylamide) (MBA) to synthesize ATP@Fe3O4@poly(VBSIm‐AM‐MBA) particles. The resultant particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Crosslinking of ATP into the magnetic particles has significantly increased the adsorption capacity of the particles. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.3 μg kg−1 and 0.9 μg kg−1 for carbadox and olaquindox respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day recoveries of the spiked targets in feed samples were in the range 83.5–98.3% with relative standard deviations of 1.0–8.3%.CONCLUSIONWith a simplified procedure and a low amount of sample, the proposed hydrophilic‐interaction‐based MMSPD method is not only useful for the determination of carbadox and olaquindox in feeds but also holds great promise for the analysis of other polar targets in solid or semisolid matrices. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Targeted exome analysis of Russian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Filatova Elena V. , Krylova Natalia S. , Vlasov Ivan N. , Maslova Maria S. , Poteshkina Natalia G. , Slominsky Petr A. , Shadrina Maria I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), described as the presence of hypertrophy of left ventricular, is the most prevalent heritable cardiovascular disease with predominantly an autosomal dominant type of inheritance. However, pathogenic alleles are not identified in at least 25% of patients with HCM, and the spectrum of pathogenic variants that contribute to the development of HCM in Russia has not been fully described. Therefore, the goal of our study was to identify genetic variants associated with the etiopathogenesis of HCM in Russian patients.MethodsThe study cohort included 98 unrelated adult patients with HCM. We performed targeted exome sequencing, an analysis using various algorithms for prediction of the impact of variants on protein structure and the prediction of pathogenicity using ACMG Guidelines.ResultsThe frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in all HCM‐related genes was 8% in our patients. We also identified 20 variants of uncertain significance in all HCM‐related genes.ConclusionsThe prevalence of individual pathogenic variants in HCM‐related genes in Russian population appears to be lower than in general European population, which could be explained by ethnic features of Russian population, age characteristics of our sample, or unidentified pathogenic variants in genes previously not linked with HCM.
Comparison of computer simulations and clinical treatment results of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) of uterine fibroids
Authors: Hyvärinen Mikko , Huang Yuexi , David Elizabeth , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) can be used to noninvasively treat symptomatic uterine fibroids by heating with focused ultrasound sonications while monitoring the temperature with magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry. While prior studies have compared focused ultrasound simulations to clinical results, studies involving uterine fibroids remain scarce. In our study, we perform such a comparison to assess the suitability of simulations for treatment planning.MethodsSonications (N = 67) were simulated retrospectively using acoustic and thermal models based on the Rayleigh integral and Pennes bioheat equation followed by MR‐thermometry simulation in seven patients who underwent MRgFUS treatment for uterine fibroids. The spatial accuracy of simulated focus location was assessed by evaluating displacements of the centers of mass of the thermal dose distributions between simulated and treatment MR thermometry slices. Temperature–time curves and sizes of 240 equivalent minutes at 43°C (240EM43) volumes between treatment and simulation were compared.ResultsThe simulated focus location showed errors of 2.7 ± 4.1, −0.7 ± 2.0, and 1.3 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± SD) in the anterior–posterior, foot–head, and right–left directions for a fibroid absorption coefficient of 4.9 Np m–1 MHz–1and perfusion parameter of 1.89 kg m–3s–1. Linear regression of 240EM43volumes of 67 sonications of patient treatments and simulations utilizing these parameters yielded a slope of 1.04 and a correlation coefficient of 0.54. The temperature rise ratio of simulation to treatment near the end of sonication was 0.47 ± 0.22, 1.28 ± 0.60, and 1.49 ± 0.71 for 66 sonications simulated utilizing fibroid absorption coefficient of 1.2, 4.9, and 8.6 Np m–1 MHz–1, respectively, and the aforementioned perfusion value. The impact of perfusion on peak temperature rise is minimal between 1.89 and 10 kg m–3s–1, but became more substantial when utilizing a value of 100 kg m–3s–1.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that perfusion, while in some cases having a substantial impact on thermal dose volumes, has less impact than ultrasound absorption for predicting peak temperature elevation at least when using perfusion parameter values up to 10 kg m–3s–1for this particular array geometry, frequencies, and tissue target which is good for clinicians to be aware of. The results suggest that simulations show promise in treatment planning, particularly in terms of spatial accuracy. However, in order to use simulations to predict temperature rise due to a sonication, knowledge of the patient‐specific tissue parameters, in particular the absorption coefficient is important. Currently, spatially varying patient‐specific tissue parameter values are not available during treatment, so simulations can only be used for planning purposes to estimate sonication performance on average.
In vivo hyperCEST imaging: Experimental considerations for a reliable contrast
Authors: McHugh Christian T. , Kelley Michele , Bryden Nicholas J. , Branca Rosa T. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeHyperCEST contrast relies on the reduction of the solvent signal after selective saturation of the solute magnetization. The scope of this work is to outline the experimental conditions needed to obtain a reliable hyperCEST contrast in vivo, where the “solvent” signal (ie, the dissolved‐phase signal) may change over time due to the increase in xenon (Xe) accumulation into tissue.MethodsHyperpolarized 129Xe was delivered to mice at a constant volume and rate using a mechanical ventilator, which triggered the saturation, excitation, and acquisition of the MR signal during the exhale phase of the breath cycle—either every breath or every 2, 3, or 4 breaths. Serial Z‐spectra and hyperCEST images were acquired before and after a bolus injection of cucurbit[6]uril to assess possible signal fluctuations and instabilities.ResultsThe intensity of the dissolved‐phase Xe signal was observed to first increase immediately after the beginning of the hyperpolarized gas inhalation and NMR acquisition, and then decrease before reaching a steady‐state condition. Once a steady‐state dissolved‐phase magnetization was established, a reliable hyperCEST contrast, exceeding 40% signal reduction, was observed.ConclusionA reliable hyperCEST contrast can only be obtained after establishing a steady‐state dissolved phase 129Xe magnetization. Under stable physiological conditions, a steady‐state dissolved‐phase Xe magnetization is only achieved after a series of Xe inhalations and RF excitations, and it requires synchronization of the breathing rate with the MR acquisition.
Inflammatory capacity of exosomes released in the early stages of acute pancreatitis predicts the severity of the disease
Authors: Carrascal Montserrat , Areny‐Balagueró Aina , de‐Madaria Enrique , Cárdenas‐Jaén Karina , García‐Rayado Guillermo , Rivera Robin , Martin Mateos Rosa María , Pascual‐Moreno Isabel , Gironella Meritxell , Abian Joaquin , Closa Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs acute pancreatitis progresses to the severe form, a life‐threatening systemic inflammation is triggered. Although the mechanisms involved in this process are not yet well understood, it has been proposed that circulating exosomes may be involved in the progression of inflammation from the pancreas to distant organs. Here, the inflammatory capacity and protein profile of plasma exosomes obtained during the first 24 h of hospitalization of patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis were characterized and compared with the final severity of the disease. We found that the final severity of the disease strongly correlates with the inflammatory capacity of exosomes in the early stages of acute pancreatitis. Exosomes isolated from patients with mild pancreatitis had no effect on macrophages, while exosomes isolated from patients with severe pancreatitis triggered NFκB activation, TNFα and IL1β expression, and free radical generation. To delve deeper into the mechanism involved, we performed a proteomic analysis of the different exosomes that allowed us to identify different groups of proteins whose concentration was also correlated with the clinical classification of pancreatitis. In particular, an increase in the amount of S100A8 and S100A9 carried by exosomes of severe pancreatitis suggests that the mechanism of action of exosomes is mediated by the effect of these proteins on NADPH oxidase. This enzyme is activated by S100A8/S100A9, thus generating free radicals and promoting an inflammatory response. Along these lines, we observed that inhibition of this enzyme abolished all the pro‐inflammatory effects of exosomes from severe pancreatitis. All this suggests that the systemic effects, and therefore the final severity of acute pancreatitis, are determined by the content of circulating exosomes generated in the early hours of the process. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Structural and free‐hole volume characterization of high‐density polyethylene‐chitosan composites plasticized with palm oil
Authors: Shelly Meril , Raghavendra Mariswamy , Ravikumar Harijan Basavaraju , Francis Tania 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) – chitosan (CS) composites with varying concentrations of chitosan have been prepared using a peroxide‐initiated melt mixing process with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer. Palm oil has been added as a plasticizer to the optimized HDPE/CS5 composite. The variation in the free hole volume, microstructure, and crystallinity of the prepared composites has been studied using Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) respectively. The interaction between HDPE and chitosan is evidenced from the FTIR spectroscopic studies. The addition of palm oil to optimized HDPE‐CS composite increased the crystallinity upto 41.3%. A shift as well as a decrease in loss modulus was obtained for 5 wt% chitosan added HDPE sample which can be ascribed to the better crosslinking observed in the composite. The increased amorphization of HDPE‐chitosan composites with a higher concentration of chitosan beyond the optimized concentration is observed from the tan delta values. Free‐hole value is reduced by 20 Å3 with the addition of 5 wt% palm oil to HDPE/CS5 composite system. The microstructural analysis shows evidence of efficient interaction of HDPE‐chitosan system that can be used for further applications in medical field and food packaging industry.
Antimicrobial peptides provide wider coverage for targeting drug‐resistant bacterial pathogens
Authors: Amiss Anna S. , Henriques Sónia Troeira , Lawrence Nicole 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe need new treatment options to control bacterial infections. Bacteria use several strategies to resist drug treatment, including modification of the drug target, and adaptation to a different lifestyle, such as intracellular niches within host cells. Drugs that act on diverse targets are less likely to induce resistance in bacteria, than current antibiotics acting on a single molecular target. Antimicrobial peptides have been explored as a new class of antibiotics because they selectively kill bacteria via a mechanism that involves recognition of the negatively charged microbial surface. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides with cell‐penetrating properties can cross host cell membranes and target bacteria in the cytosol or sequestered in vesicles. Therefore, bacteria in intracellular niches are less capable of evading treatment and the likelihood of establishing drug resistance is further reduced. This review highlights the potential of antimicrobial peptides as alternative therapeutics to target bacterial pathogens in both extracellular and intracellular environments, and to avoid acquired drug‐resistance.
LIPSS for metal forming tools
Authors: Rathmann Lewin , Radel Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom ecological and economic points of view, alternatives to conventional lubricants in metal forming are of great interest. The focus is on tools' surface functionalization by laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). These structures must be protected due to their loss when in direct tribological contact. So a laser‐ based process chain has been developed using pulsed and continuous laser processes to create dimples and retain the hydrophilic properties of the LIPSS, as contact angles of 14° prove.
Evosys' advanced quasi‐simultaneous welding
Authors: Sauerwein Lea , Ebenhöh Christian , Geiger René 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvosys Laser GmbH is developing a new method for laser welding of polymers, so‐called ‘advanced quasi‐simultaneous welding’ (AQW). The patented technique combines two different processing wavelengths with the method of quasi‐simultaneous welding in order to achieve a significant reduction of welding time and enhanced weld seam quality. By the use of differing wavelengths – alternated in a certain time pattern – it is possible to improve and better control the deposition of specific amounts of energy into each item to be joined.
Beam shaping solutions for stable laser welding
Authors: Volpp Joerg , Laskin Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe laser beam is a highly flexible tool that is used for many material processing applications. New spatial beam shaping technology enables even further functionality to create up to four focal spots in an axial or lateral direction, which enables the distribution of the energy to be tailored. It was shown that certain beam shapes help to suppress spattering and increase the bridgeable gap size during deep penetration laser welding.
A new dimension for machine vision
Authors: Garbe Christoph , Schindler‐Kotscha Mareike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutomation is central to producing high quality products in high‐wage countries with an omnipresent shortage of skilled workers. Automation is becoming increasingly more complex due to the higher flexibility in produced goods. At the same time, this places high demands on integrated image processing and, for this reason, machine vision solutions have so far often fallen short of expectations. The use of 3D light field technology can help to solve demanding tasks quickly, easily and reliably.
Agreement of parent‐ and child‐reported wheeze and its association with measurable asthma traits
Authors: Mozun Rebeca , Ardura‐Garcia Cristina , Pedersen Eva S. L. , Goutaki Myrofora , Usemann Jakob , Singer Florian , Latzin Philipp , Moeller Alexander , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   the LUIS study group
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn epidemiological studies, childhood asthma is usually assessed with questionnaires directed at parents or children, and these may give different answers. We studied how well parents and children agreed when asked to report symptoms of wheeze and investigated whose answers were closer to measurable traits of asthma.MethodsLuftiBus in the school is a cross‐sectional survey of respiratory health among Swiss schoolchildren aged 6–17 years. We applied questionnaires to parents and children asking about wheeze and exertional wheeze in the past year. We assessed agreement between parent–child answers with Cohen's kappa (k), and associations of answers from children and parents with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), using quantile regression.ResultsWe received questionnaires from 3079 children and their parents. Agreement was poor for reported wheeze (k = 0.37) and exertional wheeze (k = 0.36). Median FeNO varied when wheeze was reported by children (19 ppb, interquartile range [IQR]: 9–44), parents (22 ppb, IQR: 12–46), both (31 ppb, IQR: 16–55), or neither (11 ppb, IQR: 7–19). Median absolute FEV1/FVC was the same when wheeze was reported by children (84%, IQR: 78–89) and by parents (84%, IQR: 78–89), lower when reported by both (82%, IQR: 78–87), and higher when reported by neither (87%, IQR: 82–91). For exertional wheeze findings were similar. Results did not differ by age or sex.ConclusionOur findings suggest that surveying both parents and children and combining their responses can help us to better identify children with measurable asthma traits.
Perspective: Scientific rigor or ritual? Statistical significance in pest management science
Authors: Alexander Brendan CS , Davis Adam S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractP values, binary hypothesis tests, and statistical significance are too often overused or used incorrectly in pest management reports. These statistical results are not the point of an analysis, they are just a by‐product that can sometimes be informative. The point of the analysis is always a biological interpretation of the data focusing on whether something new has been learned and then quantifying what was learned in terms of biological effects or supported hypotheses. The term ‘statistical significance’ should be retired if only because of the common misunderstanding that it implies biological relevance; these terms are not equivalent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Visually guided preprocessing of bioanalytical laboratory data using an interactive R notebook (pguIMP)
Authors: Malkusch Sebastian , Hahnefeld Lisa , Gurke Robert , Lötsch Jörn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of pharmacological data using machine learning requires high data quality. Therefore, data preprocessing, that is, cleaning analytical laboratory errors, replacing missing values or outliers, and transforming data adequately before actual data analysis, is crucial. Because current tools available for this purpose often require programming skills, preprocessing tools with graphical user interfaces that can be used interactively are needed. In collaboration between data scientists and experts in bioanalytical diagnostics, a graphical software package for data preprocessing calledpguIMPis proposed, which contains a fixed sequence of preprocessing steps to enable reproducible interactive data preprocessing. As an R‐based package, it also allows direct integration into this data science environment without requiring any programming knowledge. The implementation of contemporary data processing methods, including machine‐learning‐based imputation techniques, ensures the generation of corrected and cleaned bioanalytical data sets that preserve data structures such as clusters better than is possible with classical methods. This was evaluated on bioanalytical data sets from lipidomics and drug research using k‐nearest‐neighbors‐based imputation followed by k‐means clustering and density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise. The R package provides a Shiny‐based web interface designed to be easy to use for non–data analysis experts. It is demonstrated that the spectrum of methods provided is suitable as a standard pipeline for preprocessing bioanalytical data in biomedical research domains. The R packagepguIMPis freely available at the comprehensive R archive network (https://cran.r‐project.org/web/packages/pguIMP/index.html).
Finite‐time fault detection for multiple delayed semi‐Markovian jump random systems
Authors: Sun Shaoxin , Dai Xin , Yang Liu , Zhang Juan , Xie Xiangpeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the problem of finite‐time multiple delay‐dependent filter‐based fault detection (FD) and fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for semi‐Markovian jump random nonlinear systems subject to state and input constraints. There are model uncertainties, multiple time‐varying delays, nonlinear dynamics as well as faults in these systems. This study is the first time to try. In addition, this article both considers stochastic finite‐time boundedness and input–output finite‐time mean square stabilization. A semi‐Markovian jump filter, a semi‐Markovian jump controller and a fault weighting system are developed to achieve FD and FTC. Then, an augmented closed‐loop nonlinear system can be established. Moreover, multiple delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are produced by means of stochastic Lyapunov function in this framework of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is shown to bring out the effectiveness of the method addressed in this study.
SmallSats: a new technological frontier in ecology and conservation?
Authors: Curnick David J. , Davies Alasdair J. , Duncan Clare , Freeman Robin , Jacoby David M. P. , Shelley Hugo T. E. , Rossi Cristian , Wearn Oliver R. , Williamson Michael J. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe are in the midst of a revolution in satellite technology, with the rapid development and advancement of small satellites (or SmallSats, i.e., satellites <180 kg). Here, we review the opportunities and challenges that such technology might afford in the field of conservation and ecology. SmallSat constellations may yield higher resolutions than those that are currently available to scientists and practitioners, increasing opportunities to improve environmental‐monitoring and animal‐tracking capabilities. They may cut access costs to end users, by reducing operational costs and bringing increased competition to the existing market. Their greater flexibility and affordability may moreover enable the development of bespoke constellations for specific conservation and ecological applications, and provide greater interoperability with ground‐based sensors, such as tracking devices and camera traps. In addition, SmallSats may serve as cost‐effective research and development platforms for new components and products. Combined, these benefits could significantly improve our ability to monitor threats to the environment as they unfold, while enhancing our understanding of animal ecology and ecosystem dynamics. However, significant hardware and software developments are required before such technology is able to produce, process and handle reliable and cost‐effective data, and the initial research and development costs still represent a major challenge. Further, we argue that much remains to be done to ensure these new data products become accessible, equitable and sustainable.