bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Compliant and Tough Thermochromic Polymer for Self‐Regulated Smart Windows
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , Jiang Yuanwen , Chen Litong , Chen Wei , Li Jinxing , Cai Yifeng , Ma Chaoqun , Xu Wenhui , Lu Yanqing , Jia Xudong , Bao Zhenan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSmart windows have shown powerful potential in modulating sunlight and energy management. However, there has not been a single system that can simultaneously possess all desired properties, that is, high compliance, wide tunability, and autonomous regulation. Here, a novel system based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane crosslinked poloxamer is demonstrated. The as‐synthesized material simultaneously possesses a number of the desired properties for smart windows. In addition, with the incorporation of gold nanorods, the as‐fabricated smart window can be operated in an autonomous fashion with its transmission being modulated automatically upon environmental temperature shifts. Finally, the high toughness and high stretchability (10 000% strain) of the material also pave a way for future applications in wearable displays or flexible window screens.
A Flash‐Induced Robust Cu Electrode on Glass Substrates and Its Application for Thin‐Film μLEDs
Authors: Shin Jung Ho , Park Jung Hwan , Seo Jeongmin , Im Tae Hong , Kim Jong Chan , Lee Han Eol , Kim Do Hyun , Woo Kie Young , Jeong Hu Young , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Kim Taek‐Soo , Kang Il‐Suk , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA robust Cu conductor on a glass substrate for thin‐film μLEDs using the flash‐induced chemical/physical interlocking between Cu and glass is reported. During millisecond light irradiation, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the display substrate are transformed into a conductive Cu film by reduction and sintering. At the same time, intensive heating at the boundary of CuO NPs and glass chemically induces the formation of an ultrathin Cu2O interlayer within the Cu/glass interface for strong adhesion. Cu nanointerlocking occurs by transient glass softening and interface fluctuation to increase the contact area. Owing to these flash‐induced interfacial interactions, the flash‐activated Cu electrode exhibits an adhesion energy of 10 J m−2, which is five times higher than that of vacuum‐deposited Cu. An AlGaInP thin‐film vertical μLED (VLED) forms an electrical interconnection with the flash‐induced Cu electrode via an ACF bonding process, resulting in a high optical power density of 41 mW mm−2. The Cu conductor enables reliable VLED operation regardless of harsh thermal stress and moisture infiltration under a high‐temperature storage test, temperature humidity test, and thermal shock test. 50 × 50 VLED arrays transferred onto the flash‐induced robust Cu electrode show high illumination yield and uniform distribution of forward voltage, peak wavelength, and device temperature.
Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Based Supramolecular Plastics with High Mechanical Strength in a Watery Environment
Authors: Li Yixuan , Li Siheng , Sun Junqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is challenging to fabricate degradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based plastics that can be used in watery environments because PVA is soluble in water. In this study, PVA‐based supramolecular plastics with excellent degradability in soil and high mechanical strength in watery environments are fabricated by the complexation of vanillin‐grafted PVA (VPVA), hydrophobic humic acid (HA), and Fe3+ ions (hereafter denoted as VPVA–HA–Fe complexes). Large‐area PVA‐based plastics can be easily prepared from a solution of VPVA–HA–Fe complexes using a blade‐coating method. The high‐density of hydrogen bonds and coordination interactions, as well as the reinforcement of self‐assembled Fe3+‐chelated HA nanoparticles, facilitate the fabrication of PVA‐based plastics with a breaking strength of ≈85.0 MPa. After immersion in water at room temperature for 7 d, the PVA‐based plastics exhibit a breaking strength of ≈26.2 MPa, which is similar to that of polyethylene in its dry state. Furthermore, owing to the reversibility of the hydrogen bonds and coordination interactions, the VPVA–HA–Fe plastics are recyclable and can be conveniently processed into plastic products with desired shapes. After being placed under soil for ≈108 d, the PVA‐based plastics are completely degraded into nontoxic species without requiring manual interference.
Trap Energy Upconversion‐Like Near‐Infrared to Near‐Infrared Light Rejuvenateable Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Chen Xingzhong , Li Yang , Huang Kai , Huang Ling , Tian Xiumei , Dong Huafeng , Kang Ru , Hu Yihua , Nie Jianmin , Qiu Jianrong , Han Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPersistent‐luminescence phosphors (PLPs) have a wide variety of applications in the fields of photonics and biophotonics due to their ultralong afterglow lifetime. However, the existing PLPs are charged and recharged with short‐wavelength high‐energy photons or inconvenient and potentially risky X‐ray beams. To date, deep tissue penetrable NIR light has mainly been used for photostimulated afterglow emission, which continues to decay and weaken after each cycle, Herein, a new paradigm of trap energy upconversion‐like near‐infrared (NIR) to near‐infrared light rejuvenateable persistent luminescence in bismuth‐doped calcium stannate phosphors and nanoparticles is reported. In contrast to the existing PLPs and persistent‐luminescence nanoparticles, the materials enable the occurrence of a reversed transition of the carriers from a deep‐level energy trap to a shallow‐level trap upon excitation by low‐energy NIR photons. Thus these new materials can be charged circularly via deep‐tissue penetrable NIR photons, which is unable to be done for existing PLPs, and emit afterglow signals. This conceptual work will lay the foundation to design new categories of NIR‐absorptive–NIR‐emissive PLPs and nanoparticles featuring physically harmless and deep tissue penetrable NIR light renewability and sets the stage for numerous biological applications, which have been limited by current materials.
Solar Driven Interfacial Steam Generation Derived from Biodegradable Luffa Sponge
Authors: Saleque Ahmed Mortuza , Ma Sainan , Ahmed Safayet , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Qarony Wayesh , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA chemically treated luffa sponge (LS) derived from the ripe fruit of the Luffa cylindrica (LC) plant is investigated as an efficient solar photothermal conversion material for water purification applications for the very first time. Hydrophilicity and solar absorbance of the LS are enhanced by dopamine treatment and candle soot surface coating. The fabricated surface modified LS (SM‐LS) leads to a superb solar evaporation rate of water as high as 1.30 kg m−2 h−1, which is five times higher than that of the freshwater under 1 sun illumination. The outdoor experiment shows an excellent solar evaporation efficiency of 79.98%, which is significantly higher than other low‐cost materials. Such SM‐LS can be further applied to desalinate seawater, where it is shown that 1 m2 of surface‐modified LS can produce 7.5–8 L of freshwater per day. Hence, the proposed system can be utilized in remote areas and refugee camps.
Controllable Thin‐Film Approaches for Doping and Alloying Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Monolayers
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chuan , Torsi Riccardo , Geohegan David B. , Robinson Joshua A. , Xiao Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit exciting properties and versatile material chemistry that are promising for device miniaturization, energy, quantum information science, and optoelectronics. Their outstanding structural stability permits the introduction of various foreign dopants that can modulate their optical and electronic properties and induce phase transitions, thereby adding new functionalities such as magnetism, ferroelectricity, and quantum states. To accelerate their technological readiness, it is essential to develop controllable synthesis and processing techniques to precisely engineer the compositions and phases of 2D TMDs. While most reviews emphasize properties and applications of doped TMDs, here, recent progress on thin‐film synthesis and processing techniques that show excellent controllability for substitutional doping of 2D TMDs are reported. These techniques are categorized into bottom–up methods that grow doped samples on substrates directly and top–down methods that use energetic sources to implant dopants into existing 2D crystals. The doped and alloyed variants from Group VI TMDs will be at the center of technical discussions, as they are expected to play essential roles in next‐generation optoelectronic applications. Theoretical backgrounds based on first principles calculations will precede the technical discussions to help the reader understand each element's likelihood of substitutional doping and the expected impact on the material properties.
Optimization of tobacco water‐fertilizer coupling scheme under effective microorganisms biochar‐based fertilizer application condition
Authors: Li Xiuneng , Shao Xiaohou , Li Rongqi , Gao Chao , Yang Xu , Ding Fuzhang , Yuan Youbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn appropriate coupling of water fertilizer can improve the quality and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). However, the optimal scheme of that is still unknown under the condition of effective microorganisms (EM) biochar‐based fertilizer application. In this study, 12 treatments were set up, which were divided into four fertilization gradients (0, 100, 300, and 600 g pot–1, represented CK1–CK3, T1–T3, T4–T6, and T7–T9, respectively), and each fertilization gradient had three irrigation gradients (40, 80, and 120 L pot–1). Each treatment was set in triplicate. Compared to CK, the nicotine content, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine, and yield of flue‐cured tobacco increased by 13.22–48.87%, 1.53–13.46%, 7.68–29.23%, 7.73–21.76%, 6.48–34.55%, and 7.93–65.51% after the application of EM biochar‐based fertilizer. The quality of flue‐cured tobacco was less affected by the amount of irrigation (P > .05), and the yield was positively correlated with the amount of irrigation and EM biochar‐based fertilizer (P < .05). The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on all indexes of flue‐cured tobacco quality and established the comprehensive evaluation system. Analytic hierarchy process–entropy weight method (AHP–EWM) and projection pursuit classification (PPC) algorithms were utilized to build the model, and the optimal water–fertilizer coupling scheme was selected according to AHP–EWM score and projection values. In conclusion, 120 L pot–1 irrigation combined with 100 g pot–1 of EM biochar‐based fertilizer application treatment was the best water‐fertilizer coupling scheme, and the AHP–EWM score and projection value were .632 and 1.169. The results of this study might provide theoretical and practical guidance for the plantation of flue‐cured tobacco in production areas.
Using workers' compensation claims to investigate occupational injuries among residential day laborers and domestic workers
Authors: Riley Kevin , Majano Rosario 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile many states have legal provisions to extend workers' compensation eligibility to day laborers or domestic workers hired directly by homeowners or families, little is known about the nature or frequency of injury claims submitted on behalf of these “residential employees.”MethodsWe examined California workers' compensation claims records for injuries that appear to have occurred in residential settings between 2008 and 2018 and where the employer of record was an individual or family. We examined the demographic, occupational, and injury characteristics of our sample and analyzed factors that contribute to the likelihood of a claim resulting in some sort of payment.ResultsWe identified 5,463 workers' compensation claims that were likely submitted on behalf of residential employees. Claims most commonly reflected injuries to workers performing housekeeping tasks, followed by construction/maintenance and caregiving. Workers performing construction/maintenance or gardening/landscaping tasks were more likely to be injured on the same day of hire and were more likely to require hospitalization or emergency treatment for their injuries; however, these workers also had a smaller proportion of claims that resulted in payment. We found that employment tenure had the biggest impact on the likelihood of payment, with the odds increasing sharply after the first day of work.ConclusionsAlthough the claims in our data set likely represent only a small fraction of all injuries to residential day laborers and domestic workers during this period, we suggest that workers' compensation claims can provide valuable clues for better understanding occupational injuries among workers in this largely informal sector.
Precisely Constructed Silver Active Sites in Gold Nanoclusters for Chemical Fixation of CO2
Authors: Li Guangjun , Sui Xin , Cai Xiao , Hu Weigang , Liu Xu , Chen Mingyang , Zhu Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrecise control of the composition and structure of active sites in an atom‐by‐atom fashion remains insuperable for heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we introduce tailor‐made catalytic sites for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides achieved by implementing Ag atoms at different levels of liberation in atomically precise Au nanoclusters. Our results reveal that a single open Ag site on the Au19Ag4 cluster improves the ring‐opening of epoxides and sequent CO2 insertion, while the partially exposed Ag site on the Au20Ag1 cluster exhibits a weak affinity for epoxides and poor efficiency for CO2 capture. Structural tunability imparted by the atom‐by‐atom tailoring and unusual atomic charges distributed on Au and Ag atoms of the three clusters seem to be crucial for promoting challenging bond cleavages and formations in the chemical utilization of CO2.
New Synthetic Approaches toN‐Aryl and π‐Expanded Diketopyrrolopyrroles as New Building Blocks for Organic Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Jiang Wenlin , Liu Zitong , Zhu Danlei , Zheng Wenyu , Chen Liangliang , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Guanxin , Yi Yuanping , Jiang Lang , Zhang Deqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as a building block has been intensively investigated for organic semiconductors and light emitting materials. The synthesis ofN‐aryl DPPs remains challenging. Herein, we firstly report a new easily handled synthetic method towardN‐aryl DPPs through H‐DPP with diaryliodonium salt in the presence of CuI, which shows broad reaction scope. SixteenN‐aryl DPPs, including phenyl, furan and thiophene as flanking aromatic groups, were synthesized with yields up to 78 %. TheseN‐aryl DPPs are fluorescent in both solutions and solid states, with quantum yields up to 96 % and 40 %, respectively. Moreover, we show that the reaction between H‐DPP and diaryliodonium salt can lead to π‐expanded DPPs by using Pd(OAc)2as catalyst. Nine π‐expanded DPPs were obtained in 27–61 % yields. These π‐expanded DPPs exhibit good semiconducting properties with hole mobility of 0.71 cm2 V−1 s−1, demonstrating that they are useful building blocks for high performance organic semiconductors.
Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization of Amino Acids
Authors: Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Buntkowsky Gerd , Duckett Simon B. , Koptyug Igor V. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become a universal method for biochemical and biomedical studies, including metabolomics, proteomics, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By increasing the signal of selected molecules, the hyperpolarization of nuclear spin has expanded the reach of NMR and MRI even further (e.g. hyperpolarized solid‐state NMR and metabolic imaging in vivo). Parahydrogen (pH2) offers a fast and cost‐efficient way to achieve hyperpolarization, and the last decade has seen extensive advances, including the synthesis of new tracers, catalysts, and transfer methods. The portfolio of hyperpolarized molecules now includes amino acids, which are of great interest for many applications. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature and developments in the hyperpolarization of amino acids and peptides.
Exact simultaneous confidence intervals for logical selection of a biomarker cut‐point
Authors: Han Yang , Tang Szu‐Yu , Lin Hui‐Min , Hsu Jason C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article proposes four new principles for logical biomarker cut‐point selection methods to adhere to: subgroup sensibility, sensitivity, specificity, and target monotonicity. At every cut‐point value, our method gives confidence intervals not only for the efficacy at that cut‐point value, but also efficacies in the marker‐positive and marker‐negative subgroups defined by that cut‐point. These confidence intervals are given simultaneously for all possible cut‐point values. Using Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as examples, we show our method achieves the four principles. Our method strongly controls familywise type I error rate (FWER) across both levels of multiplicity: the multiplicity of having marker‐positive and marker‐negative subgroups at each cut‐point, and the multiplicity of searching through infinitely many cut‐points. This is in contrast to other available methods. The confidence level of our simultaneous confidence intervals is in fact exact (not conservative). An application (app) is available, which implements the method we propose.
UPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate in a hepatic uptake model and its application to the possible drug–drug interaction study of triptolide
Authors: Wu Wei , Cheng Rui , Jiang Zhenzhou , Zhang Luyong , Huang Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA rapid and specific UPLC–MS/MS method with a total run time of 3.5 min was developed for the determination of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate in rat primary hepatocytes. After protein precipitation with 70% acetonitrile (containing 30% H2O), these four analytes were separated under gradient conditions with a mobile phase consisting of 0.03% acetic acid (v/v) and methanol at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. The linearity, recovery, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, and stability of the method were well validated. We evaluated drug–drug interactions based on these four compounds in freshly suspended hepatocytes. The hepatic uptake of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate at 4°C was significantly lower than that at 37°C, and the hepatocytes were saturable with increased substrate concentration and culture time, suggesting that the rat primary hepatocyte model was successfully established. Triptolide showed a significant inhibitory effect on the hepatic uptake of these four compounds. In conclusion, this method was successfully employed for the quantification of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate and was used to verify the rat primary hepatocyte model for Oatp1, Oatp2, Oatp4, and Oat2 transporter studies. Then, we applied this model to explore the effect of triptolide on these four transporters.
Preparation of silicon‐based soybean base oil by modified soybean oil by transesterification and hydrosilation
Authors: Zhu Xiaobin , Yun Zhi , Gui Xia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new green lubricating base oil was synthesized from soybean oil and triethyl silane by a combination of transesterification and hydrosilylation. The factors affecting the process of hydrosilylation were thoroughly investigated. AlCl3/C catalyst as catalyst for hydrosilylation showed better catalytic performance, and a higher yield of 36.79% was obtained under optimal condition of molar ratio of transesterified soybean oils/triethyl silane (1:1.1), reaction temperature 120°C, and reaction time 8 h. In addition, the performance of silicon‐based soybean base oil was tested according to industry standards. Compared with soybean oil, silicon‐based soybean base oil was obtained with high viscosity index, good pour point of −17°C, and excellent wear characteristic.
Tissue engineering and regenerative therapeutics: The nexus of chemical engineering and translational medicine
Authors: Arambula‐Maldonado Rebeca , Geraili Armin , Xing Malcolm , Mequanint Kibret 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince its emergence nearly 30 years ago with the goal of fabricating replacement human tissues or assisting the body in repairing itself, several advances have been made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The assembly of living cells into tissues is akin to the scale‐up operation of a chemical or biochemical process with several modules or units affecting the final product. The major modules or units in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are cells, biodegradable scaffolds, bioreactors, and biomolecules. Each module is analogous to unit operations, where individual units must come together to successfully design engineered tissues for therapeutic and drug discovery applications. Basic principles of biological sciences, chemical engineering, materials chemistry, and polymer processing are frequently employed. More specifically, knowledge about viscous fluid flow, mass transfer, and reaction engineering is essential in tissue engineering. In this review article, we present the nexus between chemical engineering and tissue engineering for the rational design of engineered tissues or injectable cell‐laden hydrogel systems.
Recommendations for cellular and molecular pathology input into clinical trials: a systematic review and meta‐aggregation
Authors: Lim Shujing Jane , Gurusamy Kurinchi , O'Connor Daniel , Shaaban Abeer M , Brierley Daniel , Lewis Ian , Harrison David , Kendall Timothy James , Robinson Max 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013 Statement was developed to provide guidance for inclusion of key methodological components in clinical trial protocols. However, these standards do not include guidance specific to pathology input in clinical trials. This systematic review aims to synthesise existing recommendations specific to pathology practice in clinical trials for implementation in trial protocol design. Articles were identified from database searches and deemed eligible for inclusion if they contained: (1) guidance and/or a checklist, which was (2) pathology‐related, with (3) content relevant to clinical trial protocols or could influence a clinical trial protocol design from a pathology perspective and (4) were published in 1996 or later. The quality of individual papers was assessed using the AGREE‐GRS (Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation – Global Rating Scale) tool, and the confidence in cumulative evidence was evaluated using the GRADE‐CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation–Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach. Extracted recommendations were synthesised using the best fit framework method, which includes thematic analysis followed by a meta‐aggregative approach to synthesis within the framework. Of the 10 184 records screened and 199 full‐text articles reviewed, only 40 guidance resources met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Recommendations extracted from 22 guidance documents were generalisable enough for data synthesis. Seven recommendation statements were synthesised as follows: (1) multidisciplinary collaboration in trial design with early involvement of pathologists, particularly with respect to the use of biospecimens and associated biomarker/analytical assays and in the evaluation of pathology‐related parameters; (2) funding and training for personnel undertaking trial work; (3) selection of an accredited laboratory with suitable facilities to undertake scheduled work; (4) quality assurance of pathology‐related parameters; (5) transparent reporting of pathology‐related parameters; (6) policies regarding informatics and tracking biospecimens across trial sites; and (7) informed consent for specimen collection and retention for future research.