bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
My plate, not thine—copyright infringement of Würtz utensils
Authors: Kohli Vishv Priya , Teilmann-Lock Stina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Danish Maritime and Commercial Court (Sø-og Handelsret), K.H. Würtz v/Kasper Heie Würtz v. F&H and Christain Bitz, Case number BS 1370/2016-SHR, 25 March 2020; and Court of Appeal of Eastern Denmark (Østre Landsret) F&H and Christain Bitz v.K.H. Würtz v/Kasper Heie Würtz Case Number BS - 1594/2020-OLR, 27 May 2021
The Danish Maritime Court and the High Court clarified the meaning of Article 2 of the Danish Copyright Act concerning exculsive rights of authors.
Cashew-Induced Oxalate Nephropathy: A Rare Cause of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Lee Oliver , Park Katherine , Sun Kelly , O’Shea John-Paul , Gordon Sarah 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a rare case of cashew-induced oxalate nephropathy in a 69 year old veteran male with history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, nephrolithiasis, and undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxalate nephropathy is a rare cause of acute renal failure with poor prognosis. The various causes of oxalate nephropathy are categorized as primary or secondary hyperoxaluria. Primary hyperoxaluria is caused by genetic mutation in genes involved in the metabolism of glyoxylate. Secondary hyperoxaluria is caused by mal-absorptive state, excessive intake of oxalate-rich diet, inflammatory diseases, and medications such as orlistat and antibiotics. Diet-induced oxalate nephropathy is often identified after unexplained acute kidney injury in patients with underlying CKD. Definitive diagnosis requires renal biopsy as laboratory tests are non-specific. A simple dietary history in CKD patients during routine primary care visit may lead to early diagnosis and lead to prevention of acute renal failure and progression of renal disease.
Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics Leadership Roles in Academic Military Treatment Facilities by Subspecialty and Gender
Authors: Foglia Lisa M , Batig Alison L 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gender distribution in academic ob-gyn leadership positions has previously been examined in the civilian sector, but not in military medicine.

Objective
To characterize the distribution of department-level leadership positions by gender and subspecialty in academic military facilities in comparison to those reported in the civilian sector.

Methods
This is an observational cross-sectional study. We queried military obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) specialty consultants, for title and gender of personnel assigned to academic military treatment facilities. Roles were characterized by gender and subspecialty, and the proportion of female leaders was compared to published civilian leadership data.

Results
Women comprised 25% of Department Chairs, 45% of Assistant Chairs, and 42% of Division Directors. In educational leadership roles, women comprised 25% of Residency Program Directors, 0% of Fellowship Directors, and 62% of medical Student Clerkship Directors. Female department chairs were most often uro-gynecologists (44%) followed by specialists in ob-gyn (37%). Most female residency program directors were specialists in general obstetrics and gynecology. The proportion of women in leadership roles in military departments was not different than in the civilian sector.

Conclusion
In contrast to civilian academic leadership positions, Department Chairs were most likely to be uro-gynecologists. Similar to civilian programs, women remain underrepresented as chairs, Assistant Chairs, Fellowship Directors, and Division Directors and similarly represented as Residency Program Directors. Despite a smaller pool of women available to fill academic leadership positions in military ob-gyn departments, the proportion of women in leadership roles reaches parity with the civilian sector. This suggests that a greater proportion of women rise to leadership positions in military academic ob-gyn departments than in the civilian sector.
Reproducibility of Assessment Tests Addressing Body Structure and Function and Activity in Older Adults With Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Oliveira Marcos Paulo Braz , da Silva Serrão Paula Regina Mendes , de Medeiros Takahashi Anielle Cristhine , Pereira Natalia Duarte , de Andrade Larissa Pires 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative and absolute reliability of assessment tests addressing body structure and function and activity in older adults with dementia.

Methods
Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Scielo were searched from inception until March 2021. Two independent reviewers performed the selection process based on titles, abstracts, and full text. Reliability studies of assessment tests in older adults with dementia were included. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias checklist. Relative reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) interpreted based on Munro classification. Absolute reliability was analyzed using the minimal detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement.

Results
Fifteen studies involving a total of 560 older adults with dementia were included. Nineteen assessment tests were identified: 13 addressing body structure and function (muscle strength, postural balance, cardiorespiratory fitness) and 6 addressing activity (walking and mobility). Studies determined test–retest and interrater reliability. Fifteen studies evaluated relative reliability using the ICC, with values ranging from no or small correlation to very high correlations. Ten studies evaluated absolute reliability using the MDC or standard error of measurement or both.

Conclusion
Relative reliability of the assessment tests for body structure and function and activity was high to very high based on ICCs, demonstrating good reproducibility. Regarding absolute reliability, the analysis of the MDC values revealed the need for substantial change to determine that a real change had occurred. Future investigations should consider the type of dementia and standardization of verbal encouragement during the assessment.

Impact
This review identified the good reproducibility of assessment tests of body structure and function (muscle strength, postural balance, cardiorespiratory fitness) and activity (walking and mobility) domains in older adults with dementia. Clinically important values may differ when older adults with dementia of diverse etiologies are analyzed together and older adults specifically with Alzheimer disease. Identifying the type of dementia, analyzing types of dementia separately, and standardizing verbal commands during the execution of tests is of considerable clinical importance for this population of older adults.
Different Evolutionary Pathways Lead to Incomplete Convergence of Elongate Body Shapes in Carnivoran Mammals
Authors: Law Chris J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough convergence is often recognized as a ubiquitous feature across the Tree of Life, whether the underlying traits also exhibit similar evolutionary pathways towards convergent forms puzzles biologists. In carnivoran mammals, “elongate,” “slender,” and “long” are often used to describe and even to categorize mustelids (martens, polecats, and weasels), herpestids (mongooses), viverrids (civets and genets), and other carnivorans together. But just how similar these carnivorans are and whether there is convergence in the morphological component that contribute to elongation has never been assessed. Here, I found that these qualitatively described elongate carnivorans exhibited incomplete convergence towards elongate bodies compared to other terrestrial carnivorans. In contrast, the morphological components underlying body shape variation do not exhibit convergence despite evidence that these components are more elongate in elongate carnivorans compared to nonelongate carnivorans. Furthermore, these components also exhibited shorter but different phylogenetic half-lives towards more elongate adaptive peaks, indicating that different selective pressures can create multiple pathways to elongation. Incorporating the fossil record will facilitate further investigation of whether body elongation evolved adaptively or if it is simply a retained ancestral trait.[Axial skeleton; body elongation; convergent evolution; macroevolution; phylogenetic comparative methods; thoracolumbar vertebrae.]
Combined phylogeny and new classification of catsharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes)
Authors: Soares Karla D A , Mathubara Kleber 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This is the first study to combine morphological and molecular characters to infer the phylogenetic relationships among catsharks. All currently valid genera classified in the family Scyliorhinidae s.l. and representatives of other carcharhinoid families plus one lamnoid and two orectoloboids were included as terminal taxa. A total of 143 morphological characters and 44 NADH2 sequences were analysed. Parsimony analyses under different weighting schemes and strengths were used to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. The phylogenetic analysis of 78 terminal taxa, using the combined dataset and weighting each column separately (SEP; k = 3) resulted in one most-parsimonious cladogram of 4441 steps with the greatest internal resolution of clades and strongest support. The main changes in nomenclature and classification are the revised definition and scope of Scyliorhinidae, Apristurus and Pentanchus and the revalidation of Atelomycteridae. The monophyly of Pentanchidae is supported, as is that of most catshark genera. Two new subfamilies of the family Pentanchidae are defined: Halaelurinae subfam. nov. and Galeinae subfam. nov. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of morphological characters in the inference of evolutionary history of carcharhinoids and sheds light on the taxonomic status of some genera in need of further exploration.
Written-Based Progress Testing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dion Vincent , St-Onge Christina , Bartman Ilona , Touchie Claire , Pugh Debra 
Published: November 2021

PurposeProgress testing is an increasingly popular form of assessment in which a comprehensive test is administered to learners repeatedly over time. To inform potential users, this scoping review aimed to document barriers, facilitators, and potential outcomes of the use of written progress tests in higher education.MethodThe authors followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology to identify and summarize the literature on progress testing. They searched 6 databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, Education Source, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) on 2 occasions (May 22, 2018, and April 21, 2020) and included articles written in English or French and pertaining to written progress tests in higher education. Two authors screened articles for the inclusion criteria (90% agreement), then data extraction was performed by pairs of authors. Using a snowball approach, the authors also screened additional articles identified from the included reference lists. They completed a thematic analysis through an iterative process.ResultsA total of 104 articles were included. The majority of progress tests used a multiple-choice and/or true-or-false question format (95, 91.3%) and were administered 4 times a year (38, 36.5%). The most documented source of validity evidence was internal consistency (38, 36.5%). Four major themes were identified: (1) barriers and challenges to the implementation of progress testing (e.g., need for additional resources); (2) established collaboration as a facilitator of progress testing implementation; (3) factors that increase the acceptance of progress testing (e.g., formative use); and (4) outcomes and consequences of progress test use (e.g., progress testing contributes to an increase in knowledge).ConclusionsProgress testing appears to have a positive impact on learning, and there is significant validity evidence to support its use. Although progress testing is resource- and time-intensive, strategies such as collaboration with other institutions may facilitate its use.
Technology-Assisted Supplemental Work Among Rural Medical Providers: Impact on Burnout, Stress, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Terry Danielle L. , Mathews David P. 
Published: November 2021

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Burnout among healthcare providers has been identified as a national public health concern. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine technology usage outside the workplace among rural medical providers, (b) examine whether technology usage is associated with perceived stress and burnout, and (c) examine the impact of technology usage and perceived usefulness of technology on job satisfaction. Results indicated that supplemental technology usage was associated with perceived stress and burnout. Years in practice, supplemental technology usage, and perceived usefulness of technology were all correlated with whether providers would recommend their organization to those considering working there. Findings expand upon past research on physician burnout and indicate that perception of the usefulness of technology is correlated with job satisfaction and whether one would recommend that others work at one’s organization. Finding ways to increase positive perceptions of technology usage in a technology-driven medical system may increase the likelihood of retaining or recruiting staff.
Indwelling Pleural Catheter (IPC) for the Management of Hepatic Hydrothorax
Authors: Avula Akshay , Acharya Sudeep , Anwar Shamsuddin , Narula Naureen , Chalhoub Michel , Maroun Rabih , Thapa Sakura , Friedman Yelena 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is described as pleural effusion secondary to liver cirrhosis after ruling out other etiologies. We aim to assess the efficacy of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) placement in refractory HH in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of literature was performed from inception to December 2020. The authors reviewed, selected, and abstracted the data from eligible studies into Covidence, a systematic review software. Cochrane criteria was used to rate each study for the risk of bias. The data abstracted were described using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I
2 test.

Results:
Ten studies involving a total of 269 patients were included. The studies were analyzed for the proportion of pleurodesis achieved, the average time to pleurodesis, total complication rate, pleural infection rate, and mortality. A proportion of 47% of the total subjects included achieved spontaneous pleurodesis in an average duration of 104.3 days. The frequency of total complication rate was noted to be 30.36%. The incidence of pleural cavity infection was described to be 12.4% and death resulting from complications of IPC was 3.35%.

Conclusion:
The current management options for the refractory pleural effusion in HH include repeated thoracenteses, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, surgical repair of defects in the diaphragm, and liver transplantation. However, the cost, eligibility, and availability can be some of the major concerns with these treatment modalities. With this meta-analysis, we conclude that IPCs can provide an alternative therapeutic option for spontaneous pleurodesis.
Structural Syndemics and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV
Authors: Holloway Ian W. , Beltran Raiza , Shah Saanchi V. , Cordero Luisita , Garth Gerald , Smith Terry , Wilson Bianca D. M. , Ochoa Ayako M. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Although HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) access and uptake have increased among racial/ethnic minority individuals, lower rates of ART adherence and viral suppression persist, especially among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) compared with their White counterparts.

Setting:
Black men who have sex with men living with HIV (BMSM+) residing in Los Angeles County (N = 124) were recruited in-person (eg, clinic) and online (eg, social networking apps).

Methods:
Participants completed a cross-sectional survey measuring demographic characteristics, structural syndemics (poverty, criminal justice involvement, and housing instability), and psychosocial syndemics (mental health and substance use). A text message survey assessed missed doses of ART over the past week. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used to evaluate variables associated with the number of missed doses of ART.

Results:
On average, participants missed 1.30 doses of ART (SD = 2.09) and reported structural syndemics: poverty (56.1%), criminal justice involvement (36.6%), housing instability (26.3%), and psychosocial syndemics: childhood sexual abuse (51.8%), intimate partner violence (16.9%), depression (39%), and problem alcohol use (15.5%). After controlling for employment, age, education, and psychosocial syndemics, participants with a one-point increase in structural syndemic indicators were found to be 1.63 times more likely to have missed a dose of ART.

Conclusions:
Structural syndemic were associated with ART nonadherence among BMSM+ after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial factors. HIV treatment interventions that incorporate financial incentives, legal support, and housing may help improve ART adherence among BMSM+. Findings suggest that key priorities to ending the HIV epidemic must include structural interventions that alleviate poverty, eliminate disproportionate policing and criminalization, and end homelessness.
Cytoskeletal assembly in axonal outgrowth and regeneration analyzed on the nanoscale
Authors: Hofmann Max , Biller Lucas , Michel Uwe , Bähr Mathias , Koch Jan Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe axonal cytoskeleton is organized in a highly periodic structure, the membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS), which is essential to maintain the structure and function of the axon. Here, we use stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) of primary rat cortical neurons in microfluidic chambers to analyze the temporal and spatial sequence of MPS formation at the distal end of growing axons and during regeneration after axotomy. We demonstrate that the MPS does not extend continuously into the growing axon but develops from patches of periodic β-spectrin II arrangements that grow and coalesce into a continuous scaffold. We estimate that the underlying sequence of nucleation, elongation, and subsequent coalescence of periodic β-spectrin II patches takes around 15 hours. Strikingly, we find that development of the MPS occurs faster in regenerating axons after axotomy and note marked differences in the morphology of the growth cone and adjacent axonal regions between regenerating and unlesioned axons. Moreover, we find that inhibition of the spectrin-cleaving enzyme calpain accelerates MPS formation in regenerating axons and increases the number of regenerating axons after axotomy. Taken together, we provide here a detailed nanoscale analysis of MPS development in growing axons.
A high-throughput, automated, cell-free expression and screening platform for antibody discovery
Authors: Hunt Andrew C. , Vögeli Bastian , Kightlinger Weston K. , Yoesep Danielle J. , Krüger Antje , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntibody discovery is bottlenecked by the individual expression and evaluation of antigen-specific hits. Here, we address this gap by developing an automated workflow combining cell-free DNA template generation, protein synthesis, and high-throughput binding measurements of antibody fragments in a process that takes hours rather than weeks. We apply this workflow to 119 published SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and demonstrate rapid identification of the most potent antibody candidates.
Turnover in life-strategies recapitulates marine microbial succession colonizing model particles
Authors: Pascual-García Alberto , Schwartzman Julia , Enke Tim N. , Iffland-Stettner Arion , Cordero Otto X. , Bonhoeffer Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParticulate organic matter (POM) in the ocean sustains diverse communities of bacteria that mediate the remineralization of organic complex matter. However, the variability of these particles and of the environmental conditions surrounding them present a challenge to the study of the ecological processes shaping particle-associated communities and their function. In this work, we utilise data from experiments in which coastal water communities were grown on synthetic particles to ask which are the most important ecological drivers of their assembly and associated traits. Combining 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with shotgun metagenomics, together with an analysis of the full genomes of a subset of isolated strains, we were able to identify two-to-three distinct community classes, corresponding to early vs. late colonizers. We show that these classes are shaped by environmental selection (early colonizers) and facilitation (late colonizers), and find distinctive traits associated with each class. While early colonizers have a larger proportion of genes related to uptake of nutrients, motility and environmental sensing with few pathways enriched for metabolism, late colonizers devote a higher proportion of genes for metabolism, comprising a wide array of different pathways including metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and xenobiotics We find evidence in selected metabolic pathways for the existence of a trophic-chain topology connecting both classes. The interpretation of these traits suggests a distinction between early and late colonizers analogous to other classifications found in the literature, and we discuss connections with the classical distinction between r- and K-strategists.
A truncated reverse transcriptase enhances prime editing by split AAV vectors
Authors: Gao Zongliang , Haldrup Jakob , Ravendran Sujan , Mikkelsen Nanna S. , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm , Bak Rasmus O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrime editing is a new CRISPR-based genome editing technology that relies on the prime editor (PE), a fusion protein of Cas9-nickase and M-MLV reverse transcriptase (RT), and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) that serves both to target PE to the desired genomic locus and to carry the edit to be introduced. Here, we make advancements to the RT moiety to improve prime editing efficiencies and truncations to mitigate issues with AAV viral vector size limitations, which currently do not support efficient delivery of the large prime editing components. These efforts include RT variant screening, codon optimization, and PE truncation by removal of the RNase H domain and further trimming. This led to a codon-optimized and size-minimized PE that has an expression advantage (1.4× fold) and size advantage (621 bp shorter). In addition, we optimize the split intein PE system and identify Rma-based Cas9 split sites (573-574 and 673-674) that combined with the truncated PE delivered by dual AAVs result in superior AAV titer and prime editing efficiency. This novel minimized PE provides great value to AAV-based delivery applications in vivo.