bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in solid organ transplant recipients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zakko Jason , Ganapathi Asvin M. , Whitson Bryan A. , Mokadam Nahush A. , Henn Matthew C. , Lampert Brent , Kahwash Rami , Franco Veronica , Haas Garrie , Emani Sitaramesh , Hasan Ayesha , Vallakati Ajay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is limited evidence comparing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We performed a pooled analysis to study the safety and efficacy of DOACs in this patient population. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the search terms “heart transplant” or “lung transplant” or “liver transplant” or “kidney transplant” or “pancreas transplant” and “direct oral anticoagulant” for literature search. Random effects model with Mantel–Haenszel method was used to pool the outcomes. Pooled analysis included 489 patients, of which 259 patients received DOACs and 230 patients received warfarin. When compared to warfarin, the use of DOACs was associated with decreased risk of composite bleed (RR .49, 95% CI .32–.76, p = .002). There were no differences in rates of major bleeding (RR .55, 95% CI .20–1.49, p = .24) or venous thromboembolism (RR .65, 95% CI .25–1.70, p = .38) between the two groups. Evidence from pooled analysis suggests that DOACs are comparable to warfarin in terms of safety in SOT recipients. Further research is warranted to conclusively determine whether DOACs are safe alternatives to warfarin for anticoagulation in SOT recipients.
Assessing the impacts of biochar‐blended urea on nitrogen use efficiency and soil retention in wheat production
Authors: Shi Wei , Bian Rongjun , Li Lianqing , Lian Wanli , Liu Xiaoyu , Zheng Jufeng , Cheng Kun , Zhang Xuhui , Drosos Marios , Joseph Stephen , Pan Genxing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImproving nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is important to reduce the negative impact of excessive N on the environment. Although biochar‐blended fertilizer had been increasingly tested in crop production, the fate of fertilized N in soil and plant had not been elucidated in field conditions. In this study, a novel biochar‐blended urea (BU) was prepared by pelleting maize straw biochar, bentonite, sepiolite, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and chitosan with urea (commercial urea without biochar [CU]). N fertilization in a winter wheat field was treated with BU and CU at both 265 kg N ha−1 (HL) and 186 kg N ha−1 (LN). Within a treatment plot, a microplot was fertilized with 15N‐labeled urea at a relevant N level. We investigated the influence of fertilizer management on biomass, grain yield, bioaccumulation of nutrient, soil properties, 15N isotopic abundance, and greenhouse gas emissions. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis showed that micro/nanonetwork of biochar could bind N to form a loss control agglomerated particle, and organo‐mineral coatings on BU may protect N from quick release. Compared with CU, BU significantly increased grain yield by 13% and 38%, and grain N allocation by 19% and 55%, respectively, at HN and LN level. The total recovery of urea 15N in wheat plant (15N based NUE) was 32.8% under CU regardless of N rates but increased to 41.7% (HN rate) and 56.3% (LN rate) under BU. Whereas, the soil proportion (soil residual 15N) was 20.1% and 13.4% under CU but 32.5% and 18.8% under BU, in 0‐20cm topsoil, respectively, at HN and LN rate. Compared with the CU, BU had no effect on CO2 and CH4 emissions but significantly reduced the total N2O emission by 23%–28%. These important findings suggested that BU can be beneficial to uplift plant NUE to reduce reactive N loading but boost crop production.
Cutaneous findings following COVID‐19 vaccination: review of world literature and own experience
Authors: Gambichler T. , Boms S. , Susok L. , Dickel H. , Finis C. , Abu Rached N. , Barras M. , Stücker M. , Kasakovski D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that not only the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) but also the COVID‐19 vaccines can cause a variety of skin reactions. In this review article, we provide a brief overview on cutaneous findings that have been observed since the emerging mass COVID‐19 vaccination campaigns all over the world. Unspecific injection‐site reactions very early occurring after the vaccination are most frequent. Type I hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. urticaria, angio‐oedema and anaphylaxis) likely due to allergy to ingredients may rarely occur but can be severe. Type IV hypersensitivity reactions may be observed, including delayed large local skin lesions (“COVID arm”), inflammatory reactions in dermal filler or previous radiation sites or even old BCG scars, and more commonly morbilliform and erythema multiforme‐like rashes. Autoimmune‐mediated skin findings after COVID‐19 vaccination include leucocytoclastic vasculitis, lupus erythematosus and immune thrombocytopenia. Functional angiopathies (chilblain‐like lesions, erythromelalgia) may also be observed. Pityriasis rosea‐like rashes and reactivation of herpes zoster have also been reported after COVID‐19 vaccination. In conclusion, there are numerous cutaneous reaction patterns that may occur following COVID‐19 vaccination, whereby many of these skin findings are of immunological/autoimmunological nature. Importantly, molecular mimicry exists between SARS‐CoV‐2 (e.g. the spike‐protein sequences used to design the vaccines) and human components and may thus explain some COVID‐19 pathologies as well as adverse skin reactions to COVID‐19 vaccinations.
The penalty of stress ‐ Epichaperomes negatively reshaping the brain in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Ginsberg Stephen D. , Joshi Suhasini , Sharma Sahil , Guzman Gianny , Wang Tai , Arancio Ottavio , Chiosis Gabriela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdaptation to acute and chronic stress and/or persistent stressors is a subject of wide interest in central nervous system disorders. In this context, stress is an effector of change in organismal homeostasis and the response is generated when the brain perceives a potential threat. Herein, we discuss a nuanced and granular view whereby a wide variety of genotoxic and environmental stressors, including aging, genetic risk factors, environmental exposures, and age‐ and lifestyle‐related changes, act as direct insults to cellular, as opposed to organismal, homeostasis. These two concepts of how stressors impact the central nervous system are not mutually exclusive. We discuss how maladaptive stressor‐induced changes in protein connectivity through epichaperomes, disease‐associated pathologic scaffolds composed of tightly bound chaperones, co‐chaperones, and other factors, impact intracellular protein functionality altering phenotypes, that in turn disrupt and remodel brain networks ranging from intercellular to brain connectome levels. We provide an evidence‐based view on how these maladaptive changes ranging from stressor to phenotype provide unique precision medicine opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic development, especially in the context of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease where treatment options are currently limited.
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Prevalence of missing nutrition label and ingredients list information on e‐shops of major chain supermarkets in Hong Kong
Authors: Chio Amy I. , Davies Tazman , Wu Jason H. Y. , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the coronavirus pandemic, online food purchases have increased. Nutrition labels and ingredients lists are important to assist individuals in making healthy food choices, but their provision is not mandatory for online stores in Hong Kong. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of missing nutrition labels and ingredients list information on the e‐shops of major chain supermarkets in Hong Kong. Data from the e‐shops of four major chain supermarkets were collected using a bespoke web scraper program, which extracted the product page link, product name, brand, package size, ingredient list in text and product image links of every edible product available. A total of 22 365 products which were required by law to carry a food label on their packaging were included in the analysis. Prevalence of missing nutrition label or ingredients list on the respective product page was determined. Pearson's χ2 tests were used to test for differences in the prevalence between retailers. A two‐tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Two e‐shops provided nutrition labels and ingredients list for none or only a negligible number of products. Overall, the prevalence of missing information was higher for nutrition labels than for ingredients lists (80.5% vs. 70.2%; p < 0.001). Provision of information varied greatly between stores and food categories. We found a high prevalence of missing nutrition labels and ingredients lists on e‐shops of major supermarkets in Hong Kong. Regulations on nutrition labelling should be extended to cover pre‐packaged food and beverages sold online.
Rht24b, an ancient variation of TaGA2ox‐A9, reduces plant height without yield penalty in wheat
Authors: Tian Xiuling , Xia Xianchun , Xu Dengan , Liu Yongqiang , Xie Li , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , Song Jie , Li Faji , Wang Desen , Zhang Yong , Hao Yuanfeng , Li Genying , Chu Chengcai , He Zhonghu , Cao Shuanghe 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b, the ‘Green Revolution’ (GR) genes, greatly improved yield potential of wheat under nitrogen fertilizer application, but reduced coleoptile length, seedling vigor and grain weight. Thus, mining alternative reduced plant height genes without adverse effects is urgently needed.

We isolated the causal gene of Rht24 through map‐based cloning and characterized its function using transgenic, physiobiochemical and transcriptome assays. We confirmed genetic effects of the dwarfing allele Rht24b with an association analysis and also traced its origin and distribution.

Rht24 encodes a gibberellin (GA) 2‐oxidase, TaGA2ox‐A9. Rht24b conferred higher expression of TaGA2ox‐A9 in stems, leading to a reduction of bioactive GA in stems but an elevation in leaves at the jointing stage. Strikingly, Rht24b reduced plant height, but had no yield penalty; it significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency, photosynthetic rate and the expression of related genes. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated that Rht24b first appeared in wild emmer and was detected in more than half of wild emmer and wheat accessions, suggesting that it underwent both natural and artificial selection.

These findings uncover an important genetic resource for wheat breeding and also provide clues for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms underlying GA‐mediated morphogenesis and yield formation.
Changes in blood glucose level after renal transplantation in pediatrics: A study of risk factors of new‐onset diabetes after transplantation
Authors: Callisaya Calani Reyna Ester , Barajas Valencia Victor Manuel , Franco Alvarez Isidro , Márquez González Horacio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNew‐onset diabetes after transplantation refers to the development of diabetes after solid organ transplantation without a history of diabetes and is related to poor graft function and lower survival rate. In the kidney transplant population, NODAT occurs in 24% of adults and 9% of children. The real incidence and risk factors in the pediatric population is unknown, which we aimed to determine in this study.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent kidney transplantation in the Pediatric Nephrology Service of the “Federico Gómez” Children's Hospital of Mexico.ResultsThe study included 127 children divided into groups 1 and 2 (without [n = 110 patients, 86.5%] and with NODAT [n = 17 patients, 13.4%], respectively), with median ages of 14 years (interquartile range [IQR], 9–16 years) and 15 years (IQR, 13–16 years; p = .3), respectively. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed an association between changes from baseline to 24‐h postoperative blood glucose level as a risk factor of the development of NODAT. This implies that each unit increase in blood glucose level in the first hours after transplantation also increases the risk of developing diabetes (95% confidence interval, 1.011–1.021; p = <.001).ConclusionsPost‐kidney transplant patients require immediate follow‐up, and attention should be paid to changes in blood glucose level in the first 24 h after transplantation, as any alteration may be an early sign of development of NODAT, especially in patients with a family history of diabetes mellitus.
The “Inherent Vices” of Policy Design: Uncertainty, Maliciousness, and Noncompliance
Authors: Howlett Michael , Leong Ching 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolicy designs must not only “work” in the sense of accomplishing their goals but must also work in their intended fashion. Most research to date has focused on the former topic and dwells on the technical aspects of how various tools and instruments could be utilized to achieve the aims and goals of policymakers. This branch of research tends to underemphasize the difficulties inherent to policy making including policy contexts that are often highly uncertain, policymakers who fall short of an idealized version of high capacity, well‐intentioned decisionmakers grappling with relevant public problems, and policy‐takers who fail to comply with government wishes. These “inherent vices” of policy making are factors which contribute to policy volatility or the risk of policy failure. The paper stresses the need for improved risk management and mitigation strategies in policy formulation and policy designs to take these risks into account. It sets out and develops an approach borrowed from product failure management (in manufacturing) and portfolio management (in finance) to help better assess and manage these risks.
Gender gap and access to finance: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Chundakkadan Radeef , Sasidharan Subash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing a rich firm‐level data set pertaining to 80 countries, this paper investigates the relationship between institutional gender equality and financial constraints on female‐led firms. We employ a broad index of gender inequality as well as alternate measures in terms of economic, educational, and political inequality. We observe that institutional gender equality benefits female entrepreneurs’ access to finance. In addition, in a gender‐equal environment, we observe that female‐owned and female‐managed firms are less likely to be discouraged from applying for formal finance. We find these effects are more pronounced in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and young firms. Further, our results suggest that economic, educational, and political gender equality is vital to improving women enterprises’ access to external finance.
Cost‐effectiveness and budget impact of whole blood pathogen reduction in Ghana
Authors: Russell W. Alton , Owusu‐Ofori Shirley , Owusu‐Ofori Alex , Micah Eileen , Norman Betty , Custer Brian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the promise of pathogen reduction for reducing transfusion‐associated adverse events in sub‐Saharan Africa, no health‐economic assessment is publicly available.Study Design and MethodsWe developed a mathematical risk reduction model to estimate the impact of nationwide whole blood pathogen reduction in Ghana on the incidence of six infectious and one non‐infectious transfusion‐associated adverse events. We estimated the lifetime direct healthcare costs and disability‐adjusted life years lost for each adverse event. For HIV, HCV, and HBV, we simulated disease progression using Markov models, accounting for the likelihood and timing of clinical detection and treatment. We performed probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analysis.ResultsAdding whole blood pathogen reduction to Ghana's blood safety portfolio would avert an estimated 19,898 (11,948–27,353) adverse events and 38,491 (16,444–67,118) disability‐adjusted life years annually, primarily by averting sepsis (49%) and malaria (31%) infections. One year of pathogen reduction would cost an estimated $8,037,191 ($6,381,946–$9,880,760) and eliminate $8,656,389 ($4,462,614–$13,469,448) in direct healthcare spending on transfusion‐associated adverse events. We estimate a 58% probability that the addition of pathogen reduction would reduce overall direct healthcare spending. Findings were most sensitive to uncertainty in the probability that a bacterially contaminated blood donation causes sepsis.ConclusionWhole blood pathogen reduction would substantially reduce the burden of known transfusion‐associated adverse events in Ghana and may reduce overall healthcare spending. Additional benefits not captured by this analysis may include averting secondary transmission of infectious diseases, reducing non‐medical costs, and averting new or re‐emerging transfusion‐transmitted infections.
Investigation of Structurally and Aerodynamically Mistuned Oscillating Cascade Using Fully Coupled Method
Authors: Phan H. M. , He L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There seems to be a lack of clear and systematic understanding of physical behavior and mechanisms of mistuned blade rows, particularly in the context of the aerodynamic mistuning versus the structural (frequency) mistuning. A high-fidelity fully coupled method is desirable to investigate the vibration characteristics of aeroelasticity problems with strong fluid–structure interaction effects, as well as blade mistuning effects. In this work, the direct nonlinear time-domain fully coupled method is adopted to investigate the dynamics mechanism of a mistuned oscillating cascade. The main objectives are two-folds, first to elucidate the basic vibration characteristics of a mistuned blade row, and second to examine the aeroelastic effects of mistuning. Three conditions of interest are considered: (a) the structural mistuning only, (b) the aerodynamic mistuning only, and (c) a combination of the two. The present results show that first a mistuned configuration tends to vibrate with the same frequency and a predominantly constant interblade phase angle. Vibration amplitudes of the blades vary significantly with a strong mode localization effect for the structural mistuning. For the concurrent structural-aerodynamic mistuning, the localization is stronger than in the standalone structural mistuning case. Second, a monotonic increase of the aeroelastic stability with the structural mistuning magnitude is observed. On the other hand, the aerodynamically mistuned cascade shows a stabilizing effect with a small amount of mistuning but exhibits a destabilizing effect with a large mistuning. Furthermore, these results indicate a quite remarkable interplay between the structural and the aerodynamic mistuning. At a condition where the tuned cascade is still stable, an aero-mistuning induced unstable behavior is observed. An introduction of a large magnitude of frequency mistuning which would be stabilizing for a tuned cascade, is instead shown to have a destabilizing effect for the present combined aero-structural mistuning case.
Physics Doesn't Bite—A Simple Experiment for Introducing Biomechanical Operational Principles of the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Dziob Daniel , Młynarczyk Marcin , Rok Tomasz , Tatoń Grzegorz , Lisowski Bartosz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biophysics is rarely mentioned as one of the most useful parts of dental and medical students' curricula. However, with the growing complexity of tools and methods used in diagnostics and therapy, the knowledge of their physical foundations becomes important and helps with choosing the optimal solutions for both, a patient and a doctor. The aim of the proposed activity is to develop students' intuition about simple physical models that help with understanding fundamental properties of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A simple device, which allows for bite force measurement, is proposed. It is based on beam bending and a strain gauge Wheatstone bridge circuit mounted on two connected arms: the stiff one and the more elastic one. Linear regression is the only mathematical concept needed for understanding the physical background of the proposed activity. During the proposed activity—measuring of bite force for incisors, premolars, and molars—students are confronted with basic concepts, such as lever, torque, electrical circuit, calibration curve. By utilizing a simple idea, instead of a commercially available device, students can understand where the data come from. Proposed system delivers physiologically reasonable results.
GANTL: Towards Practical and Real-Time Topology Optimization with Conditional GANs and Transfer Learning
Authors: Behzadi Mohammad Mahdi , Ilies Horea T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many machine learning methods have been recently developed to circumvent the high computational cost of the gradient-based topology optimization. These methods typically require extensive and costly datasets for training, have a difficult time generalizing to unseen boundary and loading conditions and to new domains, and do not take into consideration topological constraints of the predictions, which produces predictions with inconsistent topologies. We present a deep learning method based on generative adversarial networks for generative design exploration. The proposed method combines the generative power of conditional GANs with the knowledge transfer capabilities of transfer learning methods to predict optimal topologies for unseen boundary conditions. We also show that the knowledge transfer capabilities embedded in the design of the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the size of the training dataset compared to the traditional deep learning neural or adversarial networks. Moreover, we formulate a topological loss function based on the bottleneck distance obtained from the persistent diagram of the structures and demonstrate a significant improvement in the topological connectivity of the predicted structures. We use numerous examples to explore the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach for both seen and unseen boundary conditions in 2D.
Development of Technical Creativity Featuring Modified TRIZ-AM Inventive Principle to Support Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Mazlan Siti Nur Humaira , Abdul Kadir Aini Zuhra , Deja Mariusz , Zieliński Dawid , Alkahari Mohd Rizal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) processing was introduced to fully utilize the design freedom provided by additive manufacturing (AM). Consequently, appropriate design methodologies have become essential for this technology. Recently, many studies have identified the importance of DFAM method utilization to produce AM parts, and theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) is a strategy used to formalize design methodologies. TRIZ is a problem-solving tool developed to assist designers to find innovative and creative solutions. However, the pathway for synergizing TRIZ and DFAM is not clearly explained with respect to AM capabilities and complexities. This is mainly because most methods continue to involve use of the classical TRIZ principle, which was developed early in 1946, 40 years before AM technologies were introduced in the mid-1980s. Therefore, to tackle this issue, this study aims to enhance the 40 principles of classical TRIZ to accommodate AM design principles. A modified TRIZ-AM principle has been developed to define the pathway to AM solutions. TRIZ-AM cards are tools that assist designers to select inventive principles in the early phases of product design and development. The case study illustrates that even inexperienced AM users can creatively design innovative AM parts.