bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest – the photosphere of life in the Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Wodzicki Tomasz J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The evolution of the vertical, long distance water transport, overcoming gravitation, by trees during the Devonian, initiated the emerging of forest ecosystems extending the photosphere of life further into the Earth's atmosphere. The origin of woody tissues is likely associated with genome mutations in primitive green plants, which inhabited the land about 350 million years ago. Most probably, only two mutations were required – one allowing the synthesis of lignin and the second, enabling the autolysis of protoplast in the maturing cellular woody elements. Developing forest ecosystems formed the most productive environments, in which sunlight-dependent metabolic processes of life reached further into the atmosphere while at the same time allowing more water to be stored on the land surface, which in turn allowed for the evolution of numerous heterotrophic organisms. This property of the forest could therefore be considered an important factor in the evolution of hominids, which eventually contributed to the development of the Homo sapiens culture.
Effects of Tetracycline on Ruminal Activity and Blood Calcium in Sheep
Authors: Mudroň P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of tetracycline administration on the frequency of ruminal contractions and serum calcium concentrations. Rumen contractions were monitored by auscultation in 23 sheep prior to the administration of oxytetracycline and recorded every 12 hours for 84 hours after the intramuscular injection of the antibiotic. The blood for calcium analyses was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein before and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the administration of oxytetracycline. The serum calcium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the time effect of tetracycline treatment on the rumen contractions and serum calcium concentrations. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in ruminal contractions following the application of oxytetracycline, with a maximum decrease at 24 hours following oxytetracycline application and a return to the initial rumen contraction frequency by 60—72 hours following the oxytetracycline application. The oxytetracycline administration resulted in a serum calcium decrease from 2.42 mmol.l–1 to 2.26 mmol.l–1 24 hours after the administration (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the administration of tetracycline in sheep can be associated with a decline in ruminal motility potentially causing production losses, particularly in lactating ewes. Despite the resulting transient production decreases, oxytetracycline remains the antibiotic drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial infections in small ruminants, including foot rot especially.
Designing Viral Product Features for Broader Reach
Authors: Aral Sinan , Walker Dylan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Companies increasingly rely on “network” and “viral” marketing within their communication strategies. This study showed that providing viral products with specific features can increase their diffusion substantially. Products that were enabled to send automated notifications within a user’s local Facebook network upon adoption generated a 450 % higher adoption rate among Facebook friends compared with products without any viral features. Products that enabled adopters to send personal invitations to install the app generated an increase in the adoption rate by friends by 750 % more than in the control group. Although each personalized referral had a much stronger impact, notifications outperformed invitations in overall adoption. Automated notifications require no effort, and therefore substantially more messages were generated. The number of users who took the effort to send out personalized invitations was much smaller. A simulation of adoption beyond immediate individual networks showed that the passive-broadcast app experienced a 246 % increase in the rate of adoption, whereas adding active-personalized viral messaging capabilities generated only an additional 98 % increase, compared with the group without viral features.
If You Go, I Will Follow … Social Effects on the Decision to Terminate a Service
Authors: Nitzan Irit , Libai Barak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The adoption of new behaviors or new products is often influenced by those closest to us, but customer churn is influenced by social factors as well. An analysis of 1 million customers of a cellular company showed that customers were 79.7 % more likely to defect for each time one of their social neighbors defected. The more a customer communicated with a neighbor and the more characteristics they shared, such as age, gender or status, the more likely the customer was to follow the neighbor in canceling the service. The effect of a neighbor’s defection on a focal customer’s hazard of defection was strongest within the first month and decreased over time. The study shows that companies should take customers’ social networks into account when attempting to predict and manage customer churn. Network-related information can substantially improve analysis of new product adoption, and the same seems true for the field of customer defection.
On the issue of the use of bacteriological weapons, IT technologies, and security
Authors: De Serio Ludovico , Sarsenbayev Vadim , Semenyuk Vladislav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article describes modern technologies that affect the statehood and politics of countries in general. The article deals with the main issues of security in the field of medicine and IT technologies. The study examines the impact of the pandemic and cybersecurity on the lives of citizens in general. An analysis of the technologies that are used in countries in cases of a pandemic is carried out and the issues of the influence of the Internet space on the consciousness of people are considered.
COVID-19 and Third Age: psychological relapses of “new behaviours”
Authors: Amoretti Guido 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The pandemic has forced many countries to introduce restrictions on individual freedom and to support the adoption of hygienically responsible behaviour in order to contain the spread of the infection. The elderly, one of the most fragile sections of the population, have paid and are paying the highest price in terms of contagion and deaths. In Italy, for example, the average age of patients who have died and are positive for SARS-CoV- 2 is 80 years (median 82, range 0–109, InterQuartile Range - IQR 74–88). The median age of SARSCoV- 2 positive deceased patients is over 30 years higher than that of infected patients (median age: deceased patients 82 years - infected patients 48 years) [data from Istituto Superiore di Sanita updated 18/11/2020]. It is clear that preventive measures are essential to preserve the elderly from the risk of contracting COVID- 19. The psychological impact on the elderly and their relatives of the introduction of “new behaviours” and health safety rules that greatly limit social relationships will be discussed. The medium and long term effects of the various forms of isolation that affect both those living in the family and those who are guests of dedicated facilities concern both emotional and cognitive aspects. The risk is that at the end of the pandemic emergency a large number of elderly people will face increasing levels of non-self-sufficiency and the need for medical and health interventions, which were not necessary in the pre-pandemic phase.
Practical Rhythm and Time Projection
Authors: Berszán István 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In his article “Practical Rhythm and Time Projection”, István Berszán presents first a poetic experiment of Wordsworth in order to answer the question how to enter the rhythm of a happening. The argumentation is based on the assumption that Plato’s “allegory” of the cave is an experiment rather than a rhetorical construction and invokes contemporary string theory to show that everything that happens has its kinetic space as a special complementary rhythmic dimension. A second example reveals how Alain Badiou projects Saint Paul’s teaching and practice to the kinetic space of militant leftist struggle. The article concludes that instead of understanding allegory as a replacement based on similarity in the same rhetoric space, we have to take into consideration – or learn how to take into consideration – the multiple rhythmic dimensions of compared happenings.
A Distant View of Close Reading: On Irony and Terrorism around 1977
Authors: Fogarasi György 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In his article “A Distant View of Close Reading: On Irony and Terrorism around 1977,” György Fogarasi investigates the contemporary critical potentials of close reading in the light of recent developments in computation assisted analysis. While rhetorical reading has come to appear outdated in a “digital” era equipped with widgets for massive archival analysis (an era, namely, more keen on “distant,” rather than “close,” reading), Paul de Man’s insights concerning irony might prove useful in trying to account for the difficulties we must face in a world increasingly permeated with dissimulative forms of threat and violence. The article draws on three major texts from 1977: de Man’s draft on “Literature Z,” his lecture on “The Concept of Irony,” and the first and second Geneva Protocols. The reading of these texts purports to demonstrate the relevance of de Man’s theory of irony with respect to the epistemology of “terrorism,” but it also serves as an occasion to reflect upon questions of distance, speed, range, scale, or frequency, and the chances of “rhythmanalysis.”
Dynamic Strength Index: Relationships with Common Performance Variables and Contextualization of Training Recommendations
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , Sole Christopher J. , Bellon Christopher R. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between dynamic strength index (DSI) and other strength-power performance characteristics and to contextualize DSI scores using case study comparisons. 88 male and 67 female NCAA division I collegiate athletes performed countermovement jumps (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP) during a pre-season testing session as part of a long-term athlete monitoring program. Spearman’s correlations were used to assess the relationships between DSI and CMJ peak force, height, modified reactive strength index, peak power and IMTP peak force and rate of force development (RFD). Very large relationships existed between DSI and IMTP peak force (r = -0.848 and -0.746), while small-moderate relationships existed between DSI and CMJ peak force (r = 0.297 and 0.313), height (r = 0.108 and 0.167), modified reactive strength index (r = 0.174 and 0.274), and IMTP RFD (r = -0.341 and -0.338) for men and women, respectively. Finally, relationships between DSI and CMJ peak power were trivial-small for male (r = 0.008) and female athletes (r = 0.191). Case study analyses revealed that despite similar DSI scores, each athlete’s percentile rankings for each variable and CMJ force-time characteristics were unique, which may suggest different training emphases are needed. Based on the explained variance, an athlete’s IMTP performance may have a larger influence on their DSI score compared to the CMJ. DSI scores should be contextualized using additional performance data to ensure each individual athlete receives the appropriate training stimulus during different training phases throughout the year.
Gender and Age Related Differences in Leg Stiffness and Reactive Strength in Adolescent Team Sports Players
Authors: Lehnert Michal , Croix Mark De Ste , Svoboda Zdeněk , Elfmark Milan , Sikora Ondřej , Stastny Petr 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential gender differences in leg stiffness and reactive strength during hopping tasks in 13 to16-year old team sports players. Reactive strength index (RSI) and leg stiffness were obtained in two consecutive seasons from 51 girls (U14: n = 31, U16: n = 20) and 65 boys (U14: n = 32, U16: n = 33). A significant main effect on absolute (U14: p = 0.022, η2= 0.084; U16: p < 0.001, η2= 0.224) and relative leg stiffness (U14 p<0.001; η2= 0.195; U16; p = 0.008, η2= 0.128) for gender was found in both groups with values higher in boys than in girls. For absolute and relative stiffness gender differences in the U14 group were significant in the 1st year only (p=0.027 and p=0.001), and for the U16s in the 2nd year only (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022). For RSI, a significant main effect for gender was observed in the U16 group only (p < 0.001 η2= 0.429) with values significantly higher in boys than in girls in both years of measurement (p = 0.001; p < 0.001). Results of this study support previous limited findings, mostly related to non-athletes, suggesting lower stretch-shortening cycle capability in adolescence female compared to male, however our data only partly supports the theory that quality of neuromuscular functions increases with age until post puberty.
Influence of Attentional Manipulation on Jumping Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Makaruk Hubert , Starzak Marcin , Marak Porter Jared 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnhancing jumping ability can lead to substantial benefits in sports performance and physical activity. Previous studies indicate that directing an individual’s attention externally before the jump is an effective way to improve jumping performance, especially when the standing long jump (SLJ) and vertical jumps (VJs) are performed. To scrutinize reported findings, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the effects of attentional manipulations on jumping performance in adults. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTSDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched for original research publications. A priori defined inclusion criteria were: (a) participants were healthy adults with a mean age > 18 years, (b) an external (EF) or an internal focus (IF) of attention instruction was used, (c) the study compared an external focus intervention with an internal focus intervention or an external focus with a control (no attentional; CON) intervention or an internal focus intervention with a control intervention, (d) jumping performance was tested, and (e) an immediate effect of focus of attention intervention was evaluated. Of the 380 papers identified, 14 studies were used in 3 part meta-analyses (EF vs.IF, EF vs.CON, and IF vs.CON) that involved 24 comparisons in total. The findings of this analysis revealed that the EF condition displayed superior jumping performance relatively to the IF (p < 0.05) and CON (p < 0.05) conditions. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between the IF and CON conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions should be incorporated into testing procedures when jumping performance is assessed.
Derogation in the Field of Human Rights: International Legal Instruments and Practice of Ukraine
Authors: Denysov Volodymyr , Falalieieva Lyudmyla 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The study highlights the international legal framework for the regulation of derogation of human rights and the practice of applying the latter by Ukraine, which is exercised for the first time under conditions of armed conflict and temporary loss of control over part of its territory. The essence, factors, mechanisms, peculiarities and problems related to derogation in the field of human rights, tools for its realization are revealed. The importance of using derogation of human rights as one of the “escape mechanisms” for the state is emphasized, the state’s right which is of an exclusive nature, the possibility of which is provided for by the relevant international treaty, requiring compliance with agreed conditions and procedures. Comparative analysis of the provisions of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) concerning the right of the state to derogate in the field of human rights in time of a public emergency threatening the life of the nation is made. It is emphasized that the derogation in the field of human rights requires doctrinal understanding as a kind of legitimate limitation on use of restrictions on rights. It outlines the specific measures Ukraine was forced to take in order to derogate in the field of human rights under the armed conflict and temporary loss of control over part of its territory, as well as their perception by the international community. International legal acts, case law of the European Court of Human Rights and doctrinal views on issues outlined are analyzed.
Destination Management: The Influence of Local Food
Authors: Morris Samantha , Dwyer Tomás , Mulligan Julie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigates tourist attitudes to local food on destination choice, travel motivation, satisfaction and perceived object-related and existential authenticity. Additionally, the mediating effects of authenticity on these relationships is also examined. A quantitative survey (n = 368) by questionnaire was conducted. Data was analysed using factor analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to show that tourist attitudes to local food influence destination choice, satisfaction and perceptions of object-related and existential authenticity. Furthermore, it was found that existential authenticity, rather than object-related authenticity had a greater impact on the relationships between tourist attitudes to local food and destination choice, travel motivation and satisfaction. A clear and influential relationship between tourists’ attitudes to local food and travel behaviour was found. Tourists want an existential authentic local food experience where they can be actively involved. Destinations should emphasise unique regional specialities and highlight the experiential value of local food.
Cardiac Complications in Patients Infected with COVID-19
Authors: Leon-Constantin Maria Magdalena , Maștaleru Alexandra , Abdulan Irina Mihaela , Zota Mădălina Ioana , Cojocariu Sabina , Mitu Florin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. The appearance of the pandemic with COVID-19 at the beginning of this year all over the world makes the approach of the patients different. SARS-CoV-2 has major implications for the cardiovascular system. In addition to acute complications, COVID-19 infection can predispose to cardiovascular disease. Recent data show that myocarditis occurs in some patients with COVID-19, a few days after the onset of fever. This indicates the possibility of viral nature of myocardial lesions. In addition, patients infected with COVID-19 may be tachycardic (with or without palpitations) in relation to other symptoms related to the disease (fever, tachypnea, pain). They noticed several particular aspects, including rhythm disorders.
It is known that in patients with pneumonia, hypercoagulability and systemic inflammatory activity may persist for a long time. This explains the occurrence of arterial and venous thrombotic complications in acute coronary syndromes or venous thromboembolism. The latest guideline for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic states that, although there is no solid evidence to date, the incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in infected patients is high, thus recommending prophylactic doses of anticoagulant. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of patients and poses an international health threat and considerable efforts are currently being made to evaluate new therapies to counteract this virus.
Recommendations Regarding Hyperglycaemia, Blood Pressure and Lipid Management in Diabetes Mellitus – Presentation of Key Aspects from the 2019 ESC/EASD Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Vesa Cosmin Mihai , Popa Amorin , Popoviciu Mihaela , Popa Loredana , Popescu Mircea I. , Sabău Monica , Daina Lucia , Carp Gheorghe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of our review is to bring to the clinical specialities physicians’ attention the recommendations regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) management presented in the 2019 ESC/EASD Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Key aspects from the guideline regarding blood pressure, lipid and glucose modern management are presented with focus of reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus patients. The clinician must not forget that every DM patient is a candidate for a future cardiovascular event and that multifactorial and patient-adapted therapy is the key approach in reducing this risk.
Anticardiolipin Antibodies in COVID-19 – Report of Three Cases
Authors: Dima Alina , Moroti Ruxandra Valentina , Popescu Daniela Nicoleta , Berza Ioana , Pârvu Delia Adriana , Dumitrescu Bianca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) is prone to thrombotic events with pathogenic mechanism that are still incompletely understood. Occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies, especially anticardiolipin antibodies, was described in many viral infections and could be part of the chain in micro-thrombosis occurrence in COVID-19. We herein present three cases of COVID-19 patients without any known immune background. For two of the patients, the laboratory tests show neither inflammatory syndrome, nor elevated D-dimer. Even if pauci-symptomatic patients, pulmonary involvement in as much as 10 - 25% was identified on chest computer tomography exam. In addition, a third patient, with more important pulmonary involvement (25-50%), inflammatory response and elevated D-dimer levels is presented. None of the patients had prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time. IgM and/ or IgG anticardiolipin antibodies were found positives in all three cases.
The bilingual gap in children's language, emotional, and pro-social development
Authors: Cobb-Clark Deborah A. , Harmon Colm , Staneva Anita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we examine whether – conditional on other child endowments and family inputs – bilingual children achieve different language, emotional, and pro-social developmental outcomes. Our data, which allow us to analyze children's development in a dynamic framework, are extracted from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). We model the development production functions for bilingual children using cumulative value-added specifications, which account for parental investments and children's own ability. Analysis based on child age confirms that bilingual children initially have worse language skills than their monolingual peers. The commencement of schooling appears to attenuate these differences, and by age seven, bilingual children have a developmental advantage. We find evidence of a positive relationship between bilingualism and some aspects of emotional development, and it is mainly boys who appear to benefit from their bilingual background.