bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erfahrungen mit dem neuen praxisorientierten A-Kurs
Authors: Schulze-Rohr Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die anstehende Novellierung der Musterweiterbildungsordnung (MWBO) und Anregungen aus der Dozentenschaft wurden die Curricula für die Weiterbildung in den vergangenen Jahren überarbeitet. Didaktisches Ziel war, den Einstieg praxisnäher und die Methode für interessierte Ärzte und Studierende anwendbarer zu machen. Der A-Kurs ist so zu einem „Akutkurs“ geworden, der neben der sicheren Vermittlung der Grundlagen das praktische Vorgehen bei akuten Krankheitsfällen beübt und daher auch nur Arzneimittel für akute Erkrankungen in Differenzialdiagnose (DD) lehrt, während im B-Kurs mit Einführung der Erstanamnese auch die Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen begonnen wird. Die zu lehrenden Arzneimittel und Inhalte der fortgeschrittenen Kurse wurden mit optionalen Varianten breiter gefächert.Die Änderungen sind überschaubar. Sie umzusetzen, das Interesse der Kollegen zu wecken und sie für die Homöopathie zu begeistern, sollte das Ziel aller Lehrenden sein. Das Curriculum ist von der Delegiertenversammlung des DZVhÄ verabschiedet und für das Musterkursbuch der Bundesärztekammer eingereicht und von dieser anerkannt. Nun wird es von den Landesärztekammern diskutiert. Es gilt danach in den Landesärztekammern, welche die Zusatzbezeichnung Homöopathie in ihrer neuen Weiterbildungsordnung weiterführen (sofern sie nicht von den Empfehlungen der Bundesärztekammer abweichen, was sie auch inhaltlich dürfen), und für die Diplomausbildung bundesweit. Inwieweit Übergangsfristen noch Kurse nach alter Weiterbildungsordnung ermöglichen, muss regional bei der jeweiligen Landesärztekammer erfragt werden.
Mytilus edulis pearl – Behandlung eines Asthma bronchiale
Authors: Scheifler Anke , Wein Claudia 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDargestellt wird die erfolgreiche Behandlung eines Patienten mit jahrelangem Asthma bronchiale, allergischer Rhinitis, Anaphylaxie und einem Grand-Mal-Anfall mit Mytilus edulis pearl (Miesmuschel). Dabei erfolgte die Mittelbestimmung durch die Empfindungsmethode von Dr. Divya Chhabra. Sowohl die Mittelfindung als auch die Leitsymptome des verordneten Arzneimittels werden erläutert. Durch die Behandlung von 2014 – 2020 konnte die Asthmamedikation reduziert, die Infekthäufigkeit und -schwere konnten erheblich gesenkt und Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeiten konnten vermieden werden. Durch die durchgehende pneumologische Kontrolle können der erfolgreiche Verlauf und die stabile pulmologische Situation gezeigt werden.
The presence of liver cirrhosis is a strong negative predictor of survival for patients admitted to the intensive care unit – Cirrhosis in intensive care patients
Authors: Kubesch Alica , Peiffer Kai Henrik , Abramowski Hannes , Dultz Georg , Graf Christina , Filmann Natalie , Zeuzem Stefan , Bojunga Jörg , Friedrich-Rust Mireen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims Liver cirrhosis is a systemic disease that substantially impacts the body’s physiology, especially in advanced stages. Accordingly, the outcome of patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care treatment is poor. We aimed to analyze the impact of cirrhosis on mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared to other frequent chronic diseases and conditions.
Methods In this retrospective study, patients admitted over three years to the ICU of the Department of Medicine of the University Hospital Frankfurt were included. Patients were matched for age, gender, pre-existing conditions, simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II), and therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS).
Results A total of 567 patients admitted to the ICU were included in the study; 99 (17.5 %) patients had liver cirrhosis. A total of 129 patients were included in the matched cohort for the sensitivity analysis. In-hospital mortality was higher in cirrhotic patients than non-cirrhotic patients (p < 0.0001) in the entire and matched cohort. Liver cirrhosis remained one of the strongest independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (entire cohort p = 0.001; matched cohort p = 0.03) along with dialysis and need for transfusion in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, in the cirrhotic group, the need for kidney replacement therapy (p < 0.001) and blood transfusion (p < 0.001) was significantly higher than in the non-cirrhotic group.
Conclusions In the presented study, liver cirrhosis was one of the strongest predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients needing intensive care treatment along with dialysis and the need for ventilation. Therefore, concerted efforts are needed to improve cirrhotic patients’ outcomes, prevent disease progression, and avoid complications with the need for ICU treatment in the early stages of the disease.
Convergent Synthesis of Branched β-Glucan Tridecasaccharides Ready for Conjugation
Authors: Peng Wenjie , Li Ming , Zhou Xin , Long Qing , Li Dongwei , Gao Jingru , Sun Qikai , Sun Shaozi , Su Yong , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStructurally defined and pure oligosaccharides corresponding to β-glucans have attracted great attention because of their potential properties as immunostimulating agents and as antigens of vaccine candidates. We herein describe a convergent synthesis of ready-to-conjugate tridecasaccharides composed of a β-1,3-glucan nonasaccharide backbone and a β-1,6-glucan tetrasaccharide branch. The assembly was achieved by employing trichloroacetimidate glycosylations and features the gram-scale preparation of the nonasaccharide backbone and installation of the tetrasaccharide branch involving orthoester rearrangement to the glycoside.
A Practical Procedure for Regioselective Bromination of Anilines
Authors: Seki Masahiko , Takahashi Yusuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA highly practical procedure for the preparation of bromoanilines by using copper-catalyzed oxidative bromination has been developed. Treatment of free anilines with readily available NaBr and Na2S2O8 in the presence of a catalytic amount of CuSO4·5H2O enabled regioselective bromination.
A Narrative Review of Clinical Decision Support for Inpatient Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Yan Liang , Reese Thomas , Nelson Scott D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective Increasingly, pharmacists provide team-based care that impacts patient care; however, the extent of recent clinical decision support (CDS), targeted to support the evolving roles of pharmacists, is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the literature to understand the impact of clinical pharmacists using CDS.Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized trials, and quasi-experimental studies which evaluated CDS tools that were developed for inpatient pharmacists as a target user. The primary outcome of our analysis was the impact of CDS on patient safety, quality use of medication, and quality of care. Outcomes were scored as positive, negative, or neutral. The secondary outcome was the proportion of CDS developed for tasks other than medication order verification. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.Results Of 4,365 potentially relevant articles, 15 were included. Five studies were randomized controlled trials. All included studies were rated as good quality. Of the studies evaluating inpatient pharmacists using a CDS tool, four showed significantly improved quality use of medications, four showed significantly improved patient safety, and three showed significantly improved quality of care. Six studies (40%) supported expanded roles of clinical pharmacists.Conclusion These results suggest that CDS can support clinical inpatient pharmacists in preventing medication errors and optimizing pharmacotherapy. Moreover, an increasing number of CDS tools have been developed for pharmacists' roles outside of order verification, whereby further supporting and establishing pharmacists as leaders in safe and effective pharmacotherapy.
Alloplastic Facial Implants
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-yen , Dhir Karan , Binder William J. , Hilger Peter Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the face ages, there is thinning of the epidermis, volume loss and rearrangement of the soft tissues, and malabsorption of the skeletal framework. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the aging process for successful facial augmentation and rejuvenation. Alloplastic implants can be used to provide a long-lasting solution for augmentation of skeletal deficiencies, restoration of facial irregularities, and rejuvenation of the face. In this study, we describe the ideal implant characteristics along with the advantages and disadvantages of various implant materials. We also present techniques in nasal and premaxillary augmentation, midface augmentation, mandibular augmentation, and lip augmentation. Additionally, computer-aided design and manufacturing as well as bioprinting are emerging technologies with growing applications in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. We discuss their role in the creation of patient-specific custom implants. The overall goal of facial rejuvenation is to address multiple aspects of the facial aging process including deficiencies in the skin, soft tissues, and skeletal framework. The use of alloplastic implants alone or synergistically with additional surgical procedures can restore a wide range of anatomical deficits that occur with age.
Quantitative Analysis of Enhanced Selfies in a Young Adult Population
Authors: Parsa Keon M. , Talati Ish A. , Wang Haijun , Chu Eugenia , Talakoub Lily , Reilly Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of filters and editing tools for perfecting selfies is increasing. While some aesthetic experts have touted the ability of this technology to help patients convey their aesthetic goals, others have expressed concerns about the unrealistic expectations that may come from the ability for individuals to digitally alter their own photos in these so-called “super-selfies.” The aim of the study is to determine the changes that individuals seek when enhancing selfies. Twenty subjects participated in this study between July 25 and September 24, 2019. Subjects had two sets of headshots taken (neutral and smile) and were provided an introduction on the use of the Facetune2 app. Subjects received a digital copy of their photographs and were asked to download the free mobile app. After 1 week of trialing the different tools for enhancing their appearance, subjects submitted their self-determined most attractive edited photographs. Changes in marginal reflex distance (MRD) 1 and 2, nose height and width, eyebrow height, facial width, skin smoothness, skin hue, and saturation as well as overall image brightness were recorded. Paired two-tailed t-test was used to evaluate pre- and post-facial measurements. There were no statistically significant changes identified in the analysis of the altered photos in neutral expression. Analysis of all smiling photographs revealed that subjects increased their smile angle (right: +2.92 mm, p = 0.04; left: +3.58 mm, p < 0.001). When smiling photographs were assessed by gender, females were found to significantly increase their MRD2 (right: +0.64 mm, p = 0.04; left: +0.74 mm, p = 0.05) and their smile angle (right: +1.90 mm, p = 0.03; left: +2.31 mm, p = 0.005) while also decreasing their nose height (−2.8 mm, p = 0.04). Males did not significantly alter any of the facial measurements assessed. This study identifies the types of changes that individuals seek when enhancing selfies and specifies the different aspects of image adjustment that may be sought based on a patient's gender.
The Story of a Ship Journey, Malaria, and the HBB Gene IVS-II-745 Mutation: Circassian Immigration to Cyprus
Authors: Ergoren Mahmut C. , Temel Sehime G. , Mocan Gamze , Dundar Munis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background During 19th century, the Circassians were secluded from their lands and forced to migrate to Ottoman Empire properties. Approximately 2,346 Circassians were exiled from Istanbul to Cyprus Island. During the deportation journey, many of Circassian passed away in consequence of malaria and unknown reasons. Overall, 1,351 survivor Circassians managed to reach the island, however, many of them had faced with endemic malaria again in Cyprus. An autosomal recessive hematological disorder thalassemia was the second endemic health condition after malaria, whereas thalassemia carriers show resistance to malaria infections.
Materials and Methods A large Cypriot family with 57 members whose grandparents were supposed to be in that ship journey has been investigated in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) analysis technique was used for genotyping the HHB gene.
Results The human β-globin (HBB) gene c.316–106C > G (IVS-II-745) (II-745) heterozygous variation have been detected.
Conclusion Overall, this study is a very good example for a typical natural selection. In this case, one single gene point mutation did not limit survival in the society; natively, it increased their survival changes to form new colonization and the inheritance of the mutation to the next generations.
On the evolution of social ties as an instrumental tool for resource competition in resource patch networks
Authors: Liu Chester Wai-Jen , Shen Sheng-Feng , Liu Wei-Chung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman is a highly cultural species with diversified skills and knowledge. In this paper, we examine whether the diversification of skills and knowledge can promote the emergence of social ties between individuals as means for acquiring resources. Specifically, we construct a simulation model consisting of two types of actors—one who uses social ties to search for resources and one who does not—and allow them to compete for resources that are distributed in resource patch networks of varying structures. In a densely connected resource patch network, implying a setting with less diversified sets of skills and knowledge, model result demonstrates that social ties can be detrimental to those adopting it. In a sparsely connected network, implying a setting with more diversified sets of skills and knowledge, social-type strategy can outcompete solitary-type strategy. Furthermore, actors with a pure social-type strategy are always inferior to their solitary competitors, regardless the structure of the resource patch network. Our modeling framework is of a very fundamental nature, and its relevance to existing theories and the sociological implication of its results are discussed.
Contrasting drivers of diversity in hosts and parasites across the tropical Andes
Authors: McNew Sabrina M. , Barrow Lisa N. , Williamson Jessie L. , Galen Spencer C. , Skeen Heather R. , DuBay Shane G. , Gaffney Ariel M. , Johnson Andrew B. , Bautista Emil , Ordoñez Paloma , Schmitt C. Jonathan , Smiley Ashley , Valqui Thomas , Bates John M. , Hackett Shannon J. , Witt Christopher C. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Interactions between hosts and parasites can reciprocally limit the ranges of individual species. But to what extent do they affect composition of communities? In the Andean biodiversity hot spot, we tested why host and parasite communities vary over spatial and temporal scales. Variation in rainfall was the predominant predictor of turnover for both hosts and parasites. However, the effects of species interactions were asymmetric: Parasite communities were strongly predicted by host communities, but not vice versa. Against conventional wisdom, climatic effects on parasite turnover were primarily local while biotic effects predominated regionally. Using our predictive models, we mapped faunal dissimilarity, illustrating hot spots of turnover that can guide conservation of host and parasite biodiversity.
Better outcomes for pest pressure, insecticide use, and yield in less intensive agricultural landscapes
Authors: Gagic Vesna , Holding Matthew , Venables William N. , Hulthen Andrew D. , Schellhorn Nancy A. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceIncreasing crop field sizes and decreasing seminatural area is believed to lead to increased pest pressure and insecticide use due to earlier and frequent pest immigration and fewer natural enemies. However, after decades of research on how landscape simplification affects pest pressure in crops, there is conflicting evidence. We show that smaller fields surrounded by landscapes with 20 to 30% seminatural area had delayed and reduced pest immigration and spraying while producing the highest yields. These findings reveal a previously untested link sequence starting from agricultural intensification through pest immigration and dynamics, to insecticide use and yield. Moreover, fine temporal analyses provide unique understanding of how these effects change over time and potential explanation for the inconsistencies in the literature.
Mono- and bilayer smectic liquid crystal ordering in dense solutions of “gapped” DNA duplexes
Authors: Gyawali Prabesh , Saha Rony , Smith Gregory P. , Salamonczyk Miroslaw , Kharel Prakash , Basu Soumitra , Li Ruipeng , Fukuto Masafumi , Gleeson James T. , Clark Noel A. , Jákli Antal , Balci Hamza , Sprunt Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Liquid crystalline behavior of DNA has been studied for decades, yet only recently has one of the most fundamental liquid crystal phases—the smectic phase in which rod-like objects assemble into stacks of fluid layers—been demonstrated in this system. Here, we describe distinct bilayer and monolayer smectic phases in solutions of “gapped” DNA (GDNA), consisting of two DNA duplexes connected by a single strand. The smectic order is amphotropic (sensitive to temperature as well as concentration), and the layer structure is stable against significant perturbations of the GDNA construct (e.g., “gap” length variation and asymmetry in duplex lengths). The temperature sensitivity may provide a means to compare end-to-end interaction strengths between DNA duplexes at biologically relevant concentrations.
Background-independent composite gravity
Authors: Batz Austin , Erlich Joshua , Mrini Luke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore a background-independent model of composite gravity. In a mean-field approximation, the vacuum expectation value of the composite metric satisfies Einstein’s equations (with corrections) as a consistency condition. A gravitational interaction then emerges in vacuum correlation functions. The action remains diffeomorphism invariant even as perturbation theory is organized about the dynamically selected vacuum spacetime. We discuss the role of nonphysical clock and rod fields in the analysis, the identification of physical observables, and the generalization to other theories including the standard model.
Thermal effect induced dynamically lasing mode tuning in GaN whispering gallery microcavities
Authors: Qin Feifei , Zhu Gangyi , Wang Ru , Wang Xiaoxuan , Lu Junfeng , Yang Ying , Qiu Guoqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermal modulated real-time wavelength tuning of semiconductors has shown great potential for GaN-based sensors or photo-electricity modulators. Herein, we study the temperature mediated photoluminescence (PL) properties in GaN materials via PL and time-resolved PL measurement in situ and synchronously. We then broaden the phenomenon to lasing mode tuning of whispering gallery cavities. To understand the underling mechanism, time, and frequency domain properties of spontaneous emission from GaN film, amplified spontaneous emission and stimulated emission from floating GaN microdisks in a temperature region from 0 °C to 50 °C are compared. According to analysis of temperature-related changes in the central wavelength, peak intensity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and carrier dynamics, the thermal controlled PL properties of various structures are well understood. Material structure-related changes in exciton combination channels and temperature-related changes in central wavelength, peak intensity, FWHM, and exciton combination times are observed. Finally, real-time lasing mode modulation in floating GaN microdisks is realized. Our work reveals the lasing tuning method in situ, implying a promising strategy for fabricating high performance thermal-optic modulation devices.
Higgs Inflation with four-form couplings
Authors: Ouseph C J , Cheung Kingman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider a new inflationary model in which an antisymmetric tensor field A

νρσ
and its four-form field strength F

μνρσ
= 4∂[μ

A

νρσ] are coupled to the scalar sector of the standard model and to the Ricci scalar

R

. The four-form field induces modifications to the Higgs self-coupling constant, the cosmological constant, and the non-minimal coupling constant, which results in the modification to the inflaton potential. We also show that there is no need for the Higgs-gravity coupling in the presence of four-form gravity interaction, but still can produce the right amount of density perturbation for inflation.
Electronic spectrum of Kekulé patterned graphene considering second neighbor-interactions
Authors: Andrade Elías , Naumis Gerardo G , Carrillo-Bastos R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effects of second-neighbor interactions in Kekulé-Y patterned graphene electronic properties are studied starting from a tight-binding Hamiltonian. Thereafter, a low-energy effective Hamiltonian is obtained by projecting the high energy bands at the Γ point into the subspace defined by the Kekulé wave vector. The spectrum of the low energy Hamiltonian is in excellent agreement with the one obtained from a numerical diagonalization of the full tight-binding Hamiltonian. The main effect of the second-neighbour interaction is that a set of bands gains an effective mass and a shift in energy, thus lifting the degeneracy of the conduction bands at the Dirac point. This band structure is akin to a ‘pseudo spin-one Dirac cone’, a result expected for honeycomb lattices with a distinction between one third of the atoms in one sublattice. Finally, we present a study of Kekulé patterned graphene nanoribbons. This shows that the previous effects are enhanced as the width decreases. Moreover, edge states become dispersive, as expected due to second neighbors interaction, but here the Kek-Y bond texture results in an hybridization of both edge states. The present study shows the importance of second neighbors in realistic models of Kekulé patterned graphene, specially at surfaces.
How to study a persistent active glassy system
Authors: Mandal Rituparno , Sollich Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore glassy dynamics of dense assemblies of soft particles that are self-propelled by active forces. These forces have a fixed amplitude and a propulsion direction that varies on a timescale τ
p, the persistence timescale. Numerical simulations of such active glasses are computationally challenging when the dynamics is governed by large persistence times. We describe in detail a recently proposed scheme that allows one to study directly the dynamics in the large persistence time limit, on timescales around and well above the persistence time. We discuss the idea behind the proposed scheme, which we call ‘activity-driven dynamics’, as well as its numerical implementation. We establish that our prescription faithfully reproduces all dynamical quantities in the appropriate limit τ
p → ∞. We deploy the approach to explore in detail the statistics of Eshelby-like plastic events in the steady state dynamics of a dense and intermittent active glass.