bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐metal oxide fillers in thermo‐responsive polycaprolactone‐based polymer nanocomposites smart materials: Impact on thermo‐mechanical, and shape memory properties
Authors: Gopinath Sithara , Adarsh Nayarassery N , Radhakrishnan Nair Pankajakshan , Mathew Suresh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study introduces the properties of three thermo‐responsive shape memory polymer nanocomposites (SMPCs), viz. SMPC–NiO (SMP with nickel oxide), SMPC‐Fe2O3 (SMP with iron oxide), and SMPC‐Fe2NiO4 (SMP with iron nickel oxide) along with the neat SMP blend. Styrene‐Butadiene rubber and poly ε‐caprolactone (PCL) polymer are the vital part, which forms the backbone of polymer‐elastomer blend matrix. This study helps to understand the effect and influence of these metal oxide nanofillers' integrated blend on their different inbuilt properties. The tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis studies confirmed that SMPC‐Fe2NiO4 holds a large elastic modulus value and very rigid compared to other SMPCs. Thermal decomposition studies using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and TG‐gas chromatography and mass spectrometry results show that the nanocomposites undergoes a two‐stage decomposition process. The shape memory test reveals that the time taken for temporary shape recovery is high for SMPC‐Fe2NiO4 because of its rigid nature and low for SMPC‐Fe2O3. The results revealed that, from this exploratory study, the integration of metal oxide nanopowder fillers, especially Fe2O3 with neat SMP, showed better properties.
Outdoors and Nature in Pedagogical Practices and in Cultural Historical Theory
Authors: Grindheim Liv Torunn , Sørensen Hanne Værum , Rekers Angela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the increasing awareness of the outdoors as a beneficial site for young children’s education, the status of outdoor activities varies in and within different cultures. Aiming to broaden and challenge presupposed understandings of education and care in the outdoors, we consider the empirical findings from all the chapters in this volume in order to identify a range of conditions for cultural formation in outdoor practices both within and between different cultures. Building on Mariane Hedegaard’s approach to cultural historical theory and Ødegaard and Krüger’s approach to cultural formation, our analysis is performed by identifying conflicts and alignments between the values and motive orientations of the individual and those interpreted from the contextual conditions and demands of institutions and society, particularly in relation to the perception of nature. In doing so, we depict how culture and nature are interrelated from a socio-cultural perspective, and argue that perceptions of nature shaped by institutions and society play a significant role creating conditions for cultural formation. The opportunity for play, learning and cultural formation in nature appears rich within all the represented cultural spaces described in this volume, although whether these opportunities are supported consistently within wider mainstream culture is regarded as an area of tension in some chapters. Based upon our analysis, we suggest that both pedagogical practices and cultural historical theory need to take the outdoors and nature into consideration when emphasising pedagogical practices for children’s play, learning and cultural formation.
Curious Curiosity – Reflections on How Early Childhood Lecturers Perceive Children’s Curiosity
Authors: Heggen Marianne Presthus , Lynngård Anne Myklebust 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCuriosity and wonder are considered fundamental for children’s development. However, no precise definition of curiosity exists, and there is little research on the nature of curiosity. There is also a lack of knowledge and ideas about how pedagogy can sustain and stimulate curiosity. Drawing upon empirical material from semi-structured interviews with seven Early Childhood Teacher Education (ECTE) lecturers from the disciplines of mathematics, arts, literature, drama, pedagogy, science and physical education about their view of children’s curiosity, the authors aim to explore the lecturers’ understanding of children’s curiosity and how this understanding varies between disciplines. Children enact their curiosity in a cultural-historical context. The cultural-historical tradition of outdoor play is a part of the institution’s practices influencing the children, while the children may use curiosity to influence the content of these practices. Although the lecturers are from different disciplines, their understanding of curiosity were consistent, particularly with regards to their focus on bodily expressions of curiosity. Expanding the concept of curiosity, we suggest the term bodily curiosity to recognise and operationalise a sensory, active and embodied search for answers. Similarly, we suggest the term bodily wonder about a kind of embodied philosophising.
Princesses (Don’t) Run in the Mud: Tracing the Child’s Perspective in Parental Perceptions of Cultural Formation Through Outdoor Activities in Norwegian ECEs
Authors: Sadownik Alicja R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBy examining Polish parents’ perceptions of outdoor activities in Norwegian Early Childhood Education (ECE), this chapter discusses how focusing on the child’s perspective can change and challenge parental gender-related value positions, thereby changing perceptions of the cultural formation taking place through outdoor activities. The empirical data on the basis of which this question is answered are comprised of group interviews with 30 Polish migrant parents (18 mothers and 12 fathers) whose children were in Norwegian ECEs. The applied theoretical toolkit of a cultural historical wholeness approach (Hedegaard M, Mind Cult Act 19:127–138, 2012) enables the description of (parental) experiences of cultural formation through outdoor activities as anchored in the value positions established within and across involved societies. It also allows us to grasp those moments when the focus on the child’s perspective in outdoor activities challenges parental value positions and cultural traditions of heteronormativity. The concluding remarks point to the importance of enhancing both the child’s perspective and the specific plane of interpersonal interactions in ECE collaborations with parents and caregivers.
Utilisation and Design of Kindergarten Outdoor Space and the Outdoor Activities: A Case Study of Kindergartens in Bergen, Norway and Anji in China
Authors: Meng Wanqiu , He Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCompared with Norwegian kindergartens that emphasize how outdoor activity benefits young children’s integrated development, Chinese kindergartens reluctantly encourage children to go outside for long time. A county named Anji in South China’s Zhejiang province has started to change this approach to outdoor play. Kindergartens there provide outdoor equipment to support children’s outdoor activities for longer periods of time. This approach is called Anji Play and has been recommended by Chinese Ministry of Education for all of the country. It has also attracted ECE experts overseas. In this chapter, we describe and analyse children’s outdoor play in an Anji setting and in a Norwegian kindergarten from the perspective of the utilisation and design of kindergarten outdoor space. The study takes an ethnographic approach. We collected photo observations, anecdotal recording and interviews from one kindergarten in Bergen, Norway and one in Anji, China. The observation results focusing on outdoor play in the two kindergartens were discussed with kindergarten teachers, principals, professors and college students from China and Norway. Our aim was to interpret the core concepts, goals and concerns of Norwegian and Anji play from multiple perspectives to understand children’s cultural formation in the two cultural contexts. We found the cultural values and traditions influence how outdoor play is performed and there are clear links between culture and children’s cultural formation.
‘All of the Wild’: Cultural Formation in Wales Through Outdoor Play at Forest School
Authors: Rekers Angela , Waters-Davies Jane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter takes the specific context of outdoor play in the Foundation Phase in Wales to explore how children’s activity and participation is mediated through the socio-material affordances of muddy puddles at forest school. The research was underpinned by the cultural-historical tradition of making visible the sociocultural practices and individual participation which shape the child’s experience within an educational setting. The discussion in this chapter is centred upon the following questions: During forest school sessions for pupils aged 4–5 years, what conflicts may be surfaced as classroom teaching staff aim to meet Welsh Government expectations for both outdoor play and self-regulatory skills development? How do these conflicts shape the child’s experience of participating in outdoor play? The analysis draws upon data gathered during 8 months of fieldwork; audio-visually-recorded observations and video-stimulated interviews with classroom teachers and forest school leaders are used to consider an episode of conflict during play in a muddy puddle. We explore, from child and adult perspectives, the institutional values of the Foundation Phase, demands for reception year practice and subsequent expectations about children’s participation, highlighting the mediating messages being given about ‘how to be’ and what competencies are valued in the activity setting of mud play.
Deep Learning-Supported Cytoarchitectonic Mapping of the Human Lateral Geniculate Body in the BigBrain
Authors: Brandstetter Andrea , Bolakhrif Najoua , Schiffer Christian , Dickscheid Timo , Mohlberg Hartmut , Amunts Katrin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe human lateral geniculate body (LGB) with its six sickle shaped layers (lam) represents the principal thalamic relay nucleus for the visual system. Cytoarchitectonic analysis serves as the groundtruth for multimodal approaches and studies exploring its function. This technique, however, requires experienced knowledge about human neuroanatomy and is costly in terms of time. Here we mapped the six layers of the LGB manually in serial, histological sections of the BigBrain, a high-resolution model of the human brain, whereby their extent was manually labeled in every 30th section in both hemispheres. These maps were then used to train a deep learning algorithm in order to predict the borders on sections in-between these sections. These delineations needed to be performed in 1 µm scans of the tissue sections, for which no exact cross-section alignment is available. Due to the size and number of analyzed sections, this requires to employ high-performance computing. Based on the serial section delineations, high-resolution 3D reconstruction was performed at 20 µm isotropic resolution of the BigBrain model. The 3D reconstruction shows the shape of the human LGB and its sublayers for the first time at cellular precision. It represents a use case to study other complex structures, to visualize their shape and relationship to neighboring structures. Finally, our results could provide reference data of the LGB for modeling and simulation to investigate the dynamics of signal transduction in the visual system.
Modular Supercomputing for Neuroscience
Authors: Suarez Estela , Kunkel Susanne , Küsters Anne , Plesser Hans Ekkehard , Lippert Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe precise simulation of the human brain requires coupling different models in order to cover the different physiological and functional aspects of this extremely complex organ. Each of this brain models is implemented following specific mathematical and programming approaches, potentially leading to diverging computational behaviour and requirements. Such situation is the typical use case that can benefit from the Modular Supercomputing Architecture (MSA), which organizes heterogeneous computing resources at system level. This architecture and its corresponding software environment enable to run each part of an application or a workflow on the best suited hardware.This paper presents the MSA concept covering current hardware and software implementations, and describes how the neuroscientific workflow resulting of coupling the codes NEST and Arbor is being prepared to exploit the MSA.
Fenix: Distributed e-Infrastructure Services for EBRAINS
Authors: Alam Sadaf , Bartolome Javier , Bassini Sanzio , Carpene Michele , Cestari Mirko , Combeau Frederic , Girona Sergi , Gorini Stefano , Fiameni Giuseppe , Hagemeier Björn , Herten Andreas , Kiapidou Nikoleta , Klijn Wouter , Krause Dorian , Lafoucriere Jacques-Charles , Leong Cerlane , Leibovici Thomas , Lippert Thomas , McMurtrie Colin , Mezentsev Pavel , Nahm Anne , Orth Boris , Pleiter Dirk , Schulthess Thomas , von St. Vieth Benedikt , Testi Debora , Wiber Gilles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Human Brain Project (HBP) (https://humanbrainproject.eu/) is a large-scale flagship project funded by the European Commission with the goal of establishing a research infrastructure for brain science. This research infrastructure is currently being realised and will be called EBRAINS (https://ebrains.eu/). The wide ranging EBRAINS services for the brain research communities require diverse access, processing and storage capabilities. As a result, it will strongly rely on e-infrastructure services. The HBP led to the creation of Fenix (https://fenix-ri.eu/), a collaboration of five European supercomputing centres, who are providing a set of federated e-infrastructure services to EBRAINS. The Fenix architecture has been designed to uniquely address the need for a wide spectrum of services, from high performance computing (HPC) to on-demand cloud technologies to identity and access federation, for facilitating ease of access and usage of distributed e-infrastructure resources. In this article we describe the underlying concepts for an audience of computational science end-users and developers of domain-specific applications, workflows and platforms services. To exemplify the use of Fenix, we will discuss selected use cases demonstrating how brain researchers can use the offered infrastructure services and describe how access to these resources can be obtained.
An Hybrid Attention-Based System for the Prediction of Facial Attributes
Authors: Khellat-Kihel Souad , Sun Zhenan , Tistarelli Massimo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent research on face analysis has demonstrated the richness of information embedded in feature vectors extracted from a deep convolutional neural network. Even though deep learning achieved a very high performance on several challenging visual tasks, such as determining the identity, age, gender and race, it still lacks a well grounded theory which allows to properly understand the processes taking place inside the network layers. Therefore, most of the underlying processes are unknown and not easy to control. On the other hand, the human visual system follows a well understood process in analyzing a scene or an object, such as a face. The direction of the eye gaze is repeatedly directed, through purposively planned saccadic movements, towards salient regions to capture several details. In this paper we propose to capitalize on the knowledge of the saccadic human visual processes to design a system to predict facial attributes embedding a biologically-inspired network architecture, the HMAX. The architecture is tailored to predict attributes with different textural information and conveying different semantic meaning, such as attributes related and unrelated to the subject’s identity. Salient points on the face are extracted from the outputs of the S2 layer of the HMAX architecture and fed to a local texture characterization module based on LBP (Local Binary Pattern). The resulting feature vector is used to perform a binary classification on a set of pre-defined visual attributes. The devised system allows to distill a very informative, yet robust, representation of the imaged faces, allowing to obtain high performance but with a much simpler architecture as compared to a deep convolutional neural network. Several experiments performed on publicly available, challenging, large datasets demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Klassifikation
Authors: Kalisch Markus , Meier Lukas 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel geht es darum, die logistische Regression als Klassifikationsmethode zu verwenden. Der Unterschied zwischen Trainings- und Testdaten wird erklärt. Um die Güte des Klassifikators abschätzen zu können, wird zunächst die Fehlerrate und die confusion matrix besprochen. Anschließend wird dieses Thema mit der ROC-Kurve vertieft.
On the dynamics of protected ramond ground states in the D1-D5 CFT
Authors: Lima A. A. , Sotkov G. M. , Stanishkov M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We examine the behavior of the Ramond ground states in the D1-D5 CFT after a deformation of the free-orbifold sigma model on target space ($$ {\mathbbm{T}}^4 $$

T
4

)N/SN by a marginal interaction operator. These states are compositions of Ramond ground states of the twisted and untwisted sectors. They are characterized by a conjugacy class of SN and by the set of their “spins”, including both R-charge and “internal” SU(2) charge. We compute the four-point functions of an arbitrary Ramond ground state with its conjugate and two interaction operators, for genus-zero covering surfaces representing the leading orders in the large-N expansion. We examine short distance limits of these four-point functions, shedding light on the dynamics of the interacting theory. We find the OPEs and a collection of structure constants of the ground states with the interaction operators and a set of resulting non-BPS twisted operators. We also calculate the integrals of the four-point functions over the positions of the interaction operators and show that they vanish. This provides an explicit demonstration that the Ramond ground states remain protected against deformations away of the free orbifold point, as expected from algebraic considerations using the spectral flow of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 4) superconformal algebra with central charge c = 6N.
6d/5d exceptional gauge theories from web diagrams
Authors: Hayashi Hirotaka , Kim Hee-Cheol , Ohmori Kantaro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We construct novel web diagrams with a trivalent or quadrivalent gluing for various 6d/5d theories from certain Higgsings of 6d conformal matter theories on a circle. The theories realized on the web diagrams include 5d Kaluza-Klein theories from circle compactifications of the 6d G2 gauge theory with 4 flavors, the 6d F4 gauge theory with 3 flavors, the 6d E6 gauge theory with 4 flavors and the 6d E7 gauge theory with 3 flavors. The Higgsings also give rise to 5d Kaluza-Klein theories from twisted compactifications of 6d theories including the 5d pure SU(3) gauge theory with the Chern-Simons level 9 and the 5d pure SU(4) gauge theory with the Chern-Simons level 8. We also compute the Nekrasov partition functions of the theories by applying the topological vertex formalism to the newly obtained web diagrams.
Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra as an extension of the Poincaré symmetry in light-cone gravity
Authors: Ananth Sudarshan , Brink Lars , Majumdar Sucheta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We analyze possible local extensions of the Poincaré symmetry in light-cone gravity in four dimensions. We use a formalism where we represent the algebra on the two physical degrees of freedom, one with helicity 2 and the other with helicity −2. The representation is non-linearly realized and one of the light-cone momenta is the Hamiltonian, which is hence a non-linear generator of the algebra. We find that this can be locally realized and the Poincaré algebra extended to the BMS symmetry without any reference to asymptotic limits.
“Shelf” Technique Using a Novel Braided Self-Expandable Stent for the Treatment of Wide-Necked Bifurcation Aneurysms
Authors: Maus Volker , Weber Werner , Fischer Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Different endovascular techniques exist for treatment of cerebral wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms (WNBA). We present the “shelf” technique with the novel woven LVIS EVO stent, which enables forming a buttress at the level of the aneurysm neck to prevent coil prolapse and additional stenting.

Methods
Single-center retrospective analysis of patients treated with the “shelf” technique by using LVIS EVO stent in incidental WNBAs between January 2020 and March 2021. Inclusion criteria were saccular aneurysms with neck width ≥4 mm or a dome/neck ratio ≤2. Primary endpoint was a favorable navigation to the target vessel and successful deployment of the LVIS EVO stent with forming a buttress that enables aneurysm occlusion by subsequent coiling. Secondary endpoints were aneurysm occlusion on follow-up, procedure-related complications and clinical outcome.

Results
A total of 15 patients were included. The primary end point was reached in 100% of cases. A complete aneurysm occlusion at the end of the procedure was achieved in 14/15 patients (93%). No intraprocedural complications occurred. All patients except one were discharged with an modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0. Procedure-related morbidity was 7%. Median follow-up imaging was 115 days (7–419 days) and available for 11/15 (73%) of the patients. Of those, 10 (91%) individuals had a complete aneurysm occlusion and 1 showed a residual neck. In all patients, the covered branch was patent and no ischemic complications occurred during follow-up.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the “shelf” technique with LVIS EVO stents as a feasible and safe treatment option for WNBAs with very good short-term occlusion rates.
Combined Approach to Stroke Thrombectomy Using a Novel Short Flexible Aspiration Catheter with a Stent Retriever
Authors: Remollo Sebastian , Terceño Mikel , Werner Mariano , Castaño Carlos , Hernández-Pérez María , Blasco Jordi , San Román Luis , Daunis-i-Estadella Pepus , Thió-Henestrosa Santiago , Cuba Víctor , Gimeno Alfredo , Puig Josep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Large-bore aspiration catheters enabling greater flow rates and suction force for mechanical thrombectomy might improve outcomes in patients with stroke secondary to large-vessel occlusion. Complete or near-complete reperfusion after a single thrombectomy pass (first-pass effect) is associated with improved clinical outcomes. We assessed the efficacy and safety of novel MIVI Q™ aspiration catheters in combination with stent-retriever devices.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed demographics, procedure characteristics, and clinical data from consecutive patients with acute anterior large-vessel occlusion treated with a combined approach using MIVI Q™ aspiration catheters and stent retrievers. Reperfusion was defined according to the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score. Clinical outcomes were measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores.

Results
We included 52 patients (median age, 75 y IQR: 64–83); 31 (59.6%) women; 14 (26.9%) with terminal internal carotid artery occlusions, 26 (50%) middle cerebral artery (MCA) segment M1 occlusions, and 12 (23.1%) MCA segment M2 occlusions; median NIHSS score at admission was 19 (IQR: 13–22). After the first pass, 25 (48%) patients had mTICI ≥ 2c. At the end of the procedure, 47 (90.4%) had mTICI ≥ 2b and 35 (67.3%) had mTICI ≥ 2c. No serious device-related adverse events were observed. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage developed in 1 patient. Mean NIHSS score was 13 at 24 h and 5 at discharge. At 90 days, 24 (46.2%) patients were functionally independent (mRS 0–2).

Conclusion
This preliminary study found good efficacy and safety for MIVI Q™ aspiration catheters used in combination with stent-retriever devices.