bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional logistics demand forecasting: a BP neural network approach
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Xie Guojie , Zhao Wende , Gu Yan , Huang Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of e-commerce, the backlog of distribution orders, insufficient logistics capacity and other issues are becoming more and more serious. It is very significant for e-commerce platforms and logistics enterprises to clarify the demand of logistics. To meet this need, a forecasting indicator system of Guangdong logistics demand was constructed from the perspective of e-commerce. The GM (1, 1) model and Back Propagation (BP) neural network model were used to simulate and forecast the logistics demand of Guangdong province from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the Guangdong logistics demand forecasting indicator system has good applicability. Compared with the GM (1, 1) model, the BP neural network model has smaller prediction error and more stable prediction results. Based on the results of the study, it is the recommendation of the authors that e-commerce platforms and logistics enterprises should pay attention to the prediction of regional logistics demand, choose scientific forecasting methods, and encourage the implementation of new distribution modes.
Improved Value Generation from Residual Resources in Iceland: the First Step Towards a Circular Economy
Authors: Finger David Christian , Saevarsdottir Gudrun , Svavarsson Halldór Guðfinnur , Björnsdóttir Bryndís , Arason Sigurjón , Böhme Lea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImproved value generation and efficient use of resources are important steps national economies can implement to minimize the use of resources and mitigate the creation of waste and toxic emissions. The increase of resource efficiency is eminent to tackle the imminent challenges of depleting resources and the emerging environmental crisis. In this study, we explore the value generation and efficiency of resource recovery in waste streams in the most important economic sectors in Iceland, namely, (i) fisheries, (ii) domestic waste processing, (iii) geothermal energy production, and (iv) aluminium production. By describing the processes, the opportunities, and the market potential of the value generation through enhanced resource efficiency in the four case studies, we identify possible solutions towards a more sustainable society. The results reveal that the increase in resource efficiency reduces the environmental impacts, increases the economic output, and enhances the resilience of the economy. We conclude that the presented concepts of added value generation could be the first step towards a circular economy, adhering to a more sustainable world while preserving vital resources for the next generations. While our results are based on the presented examples in Iceland, the described processes of resource recovery can be applied in any other country with similar resources.
Deviance, problematisation and solidarity as attributes of sustainable place-making
Authors: Mehmood Abid , Marsden Terry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to progress a conceptual and analytical view to the appreciation and connectivity of spaces, places and nature in reconceptualising and progressing sustainability transitions. We look at the interrelationships between the distinct approaches of deviant mainstreaming of socially innovative practices, problematisation through innovative translation, and anchoring sustainable translations through solidarity assemblages. These three dimensions allow us to develop a neo-Callonist perspective for sustainable place-making and translation in sustainability science. We refer to some empirical experiences to appreciate these interrelationships that contribute to new realities and create new spaces and places of innovation.
Application of artificial intelligence in digital chest radiography reading for pulmonary tuberculosis screening
Authors: Cao Xue‐Fang , Li Yuan , Xin He‐Nan , Zhang Hao‐Ran , Pai Madhukar , Gao Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is mainly based on the comprehensive consideration of the patient's symptoms and signs, laboratory examinations and chest radiography (CXR). CXR plays a pivotal role to support the early diagnosis of TB, especially when used for TB screening and differential diagnosis. However, high cost of CXR hardware and shortage of certified radiologists poses a major challenge for CXR application in TB screening in resource limited settings. The latest development of artificial intelligence (AI) combined with the accumulation of a large number of medical images provides new opportunities for the establishment of computer‐aided detection (CAD) systems in the medical applications, especially in the era of deep learning (DL) technology. Several CAD solutions are now commercially available and there is growing evidence demonstrate their value in imaging diagnosis. Recently, WHO published a rapid communication which stated that CAD may be used as an alternative to human reader interpretation of plain digital CXRs for screening and triage of TB.
New Approach to Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Complex Tertiary Care Medical Center in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Artiga-Sainz Laura M. , Sarria-Santamera Antonio , Martínez-Alés Gonzalo , Quintana-Díaz Manuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is putting health-care systems under unprecedented stress to accommodate unexpected numbers of patients forcing a quick re-organization. This article describes the staff management experience of a third level referral hospital in the city of Madrid, Spain, one of the cities and hospitals with the largest number of COVID-19 cases.A newly created COVID-19-specific clinical management unit (CMU) coordinated all clinical departments and conducted real-time assessments of the availability and needs of medical staff, alongside the hospital’s general management board. The CMU was able to (i) redeploy up to 285 physicians every week to bolster medical care in COVID-19 wards and forecast medical staff requirements for the upcoming week so all departments could organize their work while coping with COVID-19 needs, (ii) overview all clinical activities conducted in a medicalized hotel, and (iii) recruit a team of roughly 90 volunteer medical students to accelerate data collection and evidence generation.The main advantage of a CMU composed by a member of every job category—its ability to generate rapid, locally adapted responses to unexpected challenges—made it perfect for the unprecedented increase in health-care need generated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
USE OF THE GALAXY AS A TOOL FOR SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ORIENTATION DURING THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD AND UP TO THE 15TH CENTURY
Authors: Eckart Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study to what extent the Milky Way was used as an orientation tool at the beginning of the Islamic period covering the 8th to the 15th century, with a focus on the first half of that era. We compare the texts of three authors from three different periods and give detailed comments on their astronomical and traditional content. The text of al-Marzūqī summarises the information on the Milky Way put forward by the astronomer and geographer ʾAbū Ḥanīfa al-Dīnawarī. The text makes it clear that in some areas the Milky Way could be used as a geographical guide to determine the approximate direction toward a region on Earth or the direction of prayer. In the 15th century, the famous navigator Aḥmad b. Māǧid describes the Milky Way in his nautical instructions. He frequently demonstrates that the Milky Way serves as a guidance aid to find constellations and stars that are useful for precise navigation on land and at sea. On the other hand, Ibn Qutayba quotes in his description of the Milky Way a saying from the famous Bedouin poet Ḏū al-Rumma, which is also mentioned by al-Marzūqī. In this saying the Milky Way is used to indicate the hot summer times in which travelling the desert was particularly difficult. Hence, the Milky Way was useful for orientation in space and time and was used for agricultural and navigational purposes.
The role of social exposure in predicting weight bias and weight bias internalisation: an international study
Authors: Stewart Sarah-Jane F. , Ogden Jane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Whilst the consequences of weight bias and weight bias internalisation (WBI) have been explored, less is known about the factors contributing to their development. Some research has explored the role of social exposure in weight bias and WBI but has been limited in its definition of exposure and focused solely on western countries. The present study therefore aimed to assess the role of social exposure defined in terms of both population and personal exposure in predicting weight bias and WBI, in an international sample.

Methods
Participants (N = 1041) from 33 countries, aged 18–85 years completed online measures of demographics, weight bias, WBI, and population and personal social exposure. Population exposure was defined using national obesity prevalence data from the World Health Organisation to classify countries as low (obesity rates ≤19.9%; n = 162), medium (20.0–29.9%; n = 672) or high prevalence (≥30%; n = 192). Personal exposure was defined in terms of personal contact and health and attractiveness normalisation.

Results
Using regression analysis, greater weight bias was significantly predicted by being younger, male, less educated, and personal exposure in terms of normalisation beliefs that thinner body types are healthier and more attractive, greater daily exposure and overall exposure to thinner friends. The strongest predictors of weight bias (adj R2 = 13%) were gender (β = −0.24, p < .001), and personal exposure in terms of normalisation beliefs that thinner body types are more attractive (β = −0.13, p = .001). The strongest predictors of WBI (adj R2 = 6%) were attractiveness normalisation (β = −0.23, p < 0.001) and participants’ perceived body shape (β = −0.27, p < 0.001). Population exposure did not predict either weight bias or WBI.

Conclusions
Personal exposure is more important than population exposure in predicting both weight bias and WBI. Findings hold implications for improving the wellbeing and lived experiences of those living with overweight and obesity.
Microfluidics in cardiovascular disease research: state of the art and future outlook
Authors: Ma Qingming , Ma Haixia , Xu Fenglan , Wang Xinyu , Sun Wentao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to extremely severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, it is worth achieving a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of cardiovascular diseases. Tremendous effort has been made to replicate the cardiovascular system and investigate the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Microfluidics can be used as a versatile primary strategy to achieve a holistic picture of cardiovascular disease. Here, a brief review of the application of microfluidics in comprehensive cardiovascular disease research is presented, with specific discussions of the characteristics of microfluidics for investigating cardiovascular diseases integrally, including the study of pathogenetic mechanisms, the development of accurate diagnostic methods and the establishment of therapeutic treatments. Investigations of critical pathogenetic mechanisms for typical cardiovascular diseases by microfluidic-based organ-on-a-chip are categorized and reviewed, followed by a detailed summary of microfluidic-based accurate diagnostic methods. Microfluidic-assisted cardiovascular drug evaluation and screening as well as the fabrication of novel delivery vehicles are also reviewed. Finally, the challenges with and outlook on further advancing the use of microfluidics technology in cardiovascular disease research are highlighted and discussed.
Clinical evidence of an interferon–glucocorticoid therapeutic synergy in COVID-19
Authors: Lu Yingying , Liu Feng , Tong Gangling , Qiu Feng , Song Pinhong , Wang Xiaolin , Zou Xiafei , Wan Deyun , Cui Miao , Xu Yunsheng , Zheng Zhihua , Hong Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone is the first trial-proven drug that reduces COVID-19 mortality by suppressing immune system. In contrast, interferons are a crucial component of host antiviral immunity and can be directly suppressed by glucocorticoids. To investigate whether therapeutic interferons can compensate glucocorticoids-induced loss of antiviral immunity, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 387 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients with quasi-random exposure to interferons and conditional exposure to glucocorticoids. Among patients receiving glucocorticoids, early interferon therapy was associated with earlier hospital discharge (adjusted HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.19–2.37) and symptom relief (adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06–2.08), while these associations were insignificant among glucocorticoids nonusers. Early interferon therapy was also associated with lower prevalence of prolonged viral shedding (adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10–0.57) only among glucocorticoids users. Additionally, these associations were glucocorticoid cumulative dose- and timing-dependent. These findings reveal potential therapeutic synergy between interferons and glucocorticoids in COVID-19 that warrants further investigation.
Bromodomain protein BRDT directs ΔNp63 function and super-enhancer activity in a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Wang Xin , Kutschat Ana P. , Yamada Moyuru , Prokakis Evangelos , Böttcher Patricia , Tanaka Koji , Doki Yuichiro , Hamdan Feda H. , Johnsen Steven A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer with a particularly high prevalence in certain geographical regions and a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 15–25%. Despite numerous studies characterizing the genetic and transcriptomic landscape of ESCC, there are currently no effective targeted therapies. In this study, we used an unbiased screening approach to uncover novel molecular precision oncology targets for ESCC and identified the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family member bromodomain testis-specific protein (BRDT) to be uniquely expressed in a subgroup of ESCC. Experimental studies revealed that BRDT expression promotes migration but is dispensable for cell proliferation. Further mechanistic insight was gained through transcriptome analyses, which revealed that BRDT controls the expression of a subset of ΔNp63 target genes. Epigenome and genome-wide occupancy studies, combined with genome-wide chromatin interaction studies, revealed that BRDT colocalizes and interacts with ΔNp63 to drive a unique transcriptional program and modulate cell phenotype. Our data demonstrate that these genomic regions are enriched for super-enhancers that loop to critical ΔNp63 target genes related to the squamous phenotype such as KRT14, FAT2, and PTHLH. Interestingly, BET proteolysis-targeting chimera, MZ1, reversed the activation of these genes. Importantly, we observed a preferential degradation of BRDT by MZ1 compared with BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unknown function of BRDT in ESCC and provide a proof-of-concept that BRDT may represent a novel therapeutic target in cancer.
Vaccines for human fungal diseases: close but still a long way to go
Authors: Oliveira Lorena V. N. , Wang Ruiying , Specht Charles A. , Levitz Stuart M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the substantial global burden of human fungal infections, there are no approved fungal vaccines to protect at risk individuals. Here, we review the progress that has been made and the challenges that lie ahead in the quest towards efficacious fungal vaccines. In mouse studies, protection has been achieved with vaccines directed against fungal pathogens, including species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus, that most commonly cause life-threatening human disease. Encouraging results have been obtained with vaccines composed of live-attenuated and killed fungi, crude extracts, recombinant subunit formulations, and nucleic acid vaccines. Novel adjuvants that instruct the immune system to mount the types of protective responses needed to fight mycotic infections are under development. Candidate vaccines include those that target common antigens expressed on multiple genera of fungi thereby protecting against a broad range of mycoses. Encouragingly, three vaccines have reached human clinical trials. Still, formidable obstacles must be overcome before we will have fungal vaccines licensed for human use.
Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hypostomus shed light on the processes of fish diversification in La Plata Basin
Authors: Cardoso Yamila P. , Jardim de Queiroz Luiz , Bahechar Ilham A. , Posadas Paula E. , Montoya-Burgos Juan I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistribution history of the widespread Neotropical genus Hypostomus was studied to shed light on the processes that shaped species diversity. We inferred a calibrated phylogeny, ancestral habitat preference, ancestral areas distribution, and the history of dispersal and vicariance events of this genus. The phylogenetic and distribution analyses indicate that Hypostomus species inhabiting La Plata Basin do not form a monophyletic clade, suggesting that several unrelated ancestral species colonized this basin in the Miocene. Dispersal to other rivers of La Plata Basin started about 8 Mya, followed by habitat shifts and an increased rate of cladogenesis. Amazonian Hypostomus species colonized La Plata Basin several times in the Middle Miocene, probably via the Upper Paraná and the Paraguay rivers that acted as dispersal corridors. During the Miocene, La Plata Basin experienced marine incursions, and geomorphological and climatic changes that reconfigured its drainage pattern, driving dispersal and diversification of Hypostomus. The Miocene marine incursion was a strong barrier and its retraction triggered Hypostomus dispersal, increased speciation rate and ecological diversification. The timing of hydrogeological changes in La Plata Basin coincides well with Hypostomus cladogenetic events, indicating that the history of this basin has acted on the diversification of its biota.
LOTUS, an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist, is involved in synapse and memory formation
Authors: Nishida Ryohei , Kawaguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Junpei , Ishikawa Rie , Kida Satoshi , Takei Kohtaro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Nogo signal is involved in impairment of memory formation. We previously reported the lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) as an endogenous antagonist of the Nogo receptor 1 that mediates the inhibition of axon growth and synapse formation. Moreover, we found that LOTUS plays an essential role in neural circuit formation and nerve regeneration. However, the effects of LOTUS on synapse formation and memory function have not been elucidated. Here, we clearly showed the involvement of LOTUS in synapse formation and memory function. The cultured hippocampal neurons derived from lotus gene knockout (LOTUS-KO) mice exhibited a decrease in synaptic density compared with those from wild-type mice. We also found decrease of dendritic spine formation in the adult hippocampus of LOTUS-KO mice. Finally, we demonstrated that LOTUS deficiency impairs memory formation in the social recognition test and the Morris water maze test, indicating that LOTUS is involved in functions of social and spatial learning and memory. These findings suggest that LOTUS affects synapse formation and memory function.
Laser-driven proton acceleration from ultrathin foils with nanoholes
Authors: Cantono Giada , Permogorov Alexander , Ferri Julien , Smetanina Evgeniya , Dmitriev Alexandre , Persson Anders , Fülöp Tünde , Wahlström Claes-Göran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStructured solid targets are widely investigated to increase the energy absorption of high-power laser pulses so as to achieve efficient ion acceleration. Here we report the first experimental study of the maximum energy of proton beams accelerated from sub-micrometric foils perforated with holes of nanometric size. By showing the lack of energy enhancement in comparison to standard flat foils, our results suggest that the high contrast routinely achieved with a double plasma mirror does not prevent damaging of the nanostructures prior to the main interaction. Particle-in-cell simulations support that even a short scale length plasma, formed in the last hundreds of femtoseconds before the peak of an ultrashort laser pulse, fills the holes and hinders enhanced electron heating. Our findings reinforce the need for improved laser contrast, as well as for accurate control and diagnostics of on-target plasma formation.
Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
Authors: Li Hongliu , Zhang Jun , Xia Long , Yang Libing , Song Weiguo , Yuen Kwok Kit Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrent codes for fire protection of buildings are mainly based on the movement of adults and neglect the movement characteristic of pre-school children. Having a profound comprehension of the difference between children and adults passing bottlenecks is of great help to improve the safety levels of preschool children. This paper presents an experimental study on the bottleneck flow of pre-school children in a room. The movement characteristics of children’s and adults’ bottleneck flow are investigated with two macroscopic properties: density and speed profiles as well as microscopic characteristic time: motion activation time, relaxation time, exit travel time and time gap. Arch-like density distributions are observed both for highly motivated children and adults, while the distance between the peak density region and the exit location is shorter for children and longer for adults. Children’s movement is less flexible manifested as longer motion activation time and longer relaxation time compared to that of adults. The findings from this study could enhance the understanding of crowd dynamics among the children population and provide supports for the scientific building design for children’s facilities.
Adherent cell remodeling on micropatterns is modulated by Piezo1 channels
Authors: Jetta Deekshitha , Bahrani Fard Mohammad Reza , Sachs Frederick , Munechika Katie , Hua Susan Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdherent cells utilize local environmental cues to make decisions on their growth and movement. We have previously shown that HEK293 cells grown on the fibronectin stripe patterns were elongated. Here we show that Piezo1 function is involved in cell spreading. Piezo1 expressing HEK cells plated on fibronectin stripes elongated, while a knockout of Piezo1 eliminated elongation. Inhibiting Piezo1 conductance using GsMTx4 or Gd3+ blocked cell spreading, but the cells grew thin tail-like extensions along the patterns. Images of GFP-tagged Piezo1 showed plaques of Piezo1 moving to the extrusion edges, co-localized with focal adhesions. Surprisingly, in non-spreading cells Piezo1 was located primarily on the nuclear envelope. Inhibiting the Rho-ROCK pathway also reversibly inhibited cell extension indicating that myosin contractility is involved. The growth of thin extrusion tails did not occur in Piezo1 knockout cells suggesting that Piezo1 may have functions besides acting as a cation channel.