bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect solvent type on natural fiber immersion process on tensile strength of cellulose-based bioplastic
Authors: Pranata A , Nasution H , Harahap H , Yustira A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by the use of conventional plastics is increasing. This is due to the high use of conventional plastics and the difficulty of being degraded in nature. Several studies continue to be developed to make plastics that are easily degraded in nature, namely bioplastics. Bioplastic is a type of plastic made from renewable materials and can be decomposed in nature with the help of microorganisms. The manufacture of bioplastics is done by dissolving raw materials such as rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, cocoa husks, and tea waste into various solvents, namely trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), N, N-dimethylformamine (DMF), trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAn), and citric acid. The resulting bioplastics were analyzed for tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that the use of rice straw as a raw material in the manufacture of bioplastics showed good results where the composition of the high cellulose content of rice straw was 61.8% and the tensile strength that had met SNI was 43 MPa using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a solvent. However, a good elongation at break was produced by cocoa husks with a value of 28% using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAn) as solvents.
Analysis of the attractions of Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Purwoko A , Thoha A S , Syamsinar  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area is one of the leading tourism destinations in Sumatera Utara Province for local, national and international tourists. It certainly has several attractions in great demand by tourists. Studies related to attractions are required as a basis for its development. The objective this research is to analyze description and attraction of the Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area, Gunung Leuser National Park, Langkat Regency, Sumatera Utara Province. Observations, structured interviews and surveys are the methods used to determine the attraction of objects. Attraction level data are analyzed using Likert Scale measurements. The results show that the natural attractions of Tangkahan include beauty of the natural panorama, elephant baths, hot springs, river tubing, patrolling with elephants, waterfalls, and river cruises, each of which has values of beauty, uniqueness, exclusiveness, and adventure. adventure. Overall attractions in the Tangkahan nature tourism area is classified into Attractive category with a total score of 2,781. The attraction in Very Attractive category (the most desired by visitors) is river cruises with a score of 432. The attractions in Interesting category are patrols with elephants (score 419), river tubing (scores 415), elephant baths (score 407), beauty natural panorama (scores 396), and waterfalls (score 379). The object in lowest attraction category (medium category) is hot spring with a score of 333.
Analysis of the vitality of the Agathis dammara tree at Situ Gunung Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Maulana I R , Safe’i Rahmat , Rochmah Siti Fauzia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vitality is the vigor value of the trees in responding to environmental conditions. Determined vitality value was by calculating tree damage and crown condition. The Agathis dammara tree is a native Indonesian plant in the Situ Gunung Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). This study aims to determine the vitality and value of the health status of Agathis dammara trees at Situ Gunung Resort, TNGGP. The research location is in the utilization zone at the Situ Gunung Resort, TNGGP, covering an area of 700 haBuilt observation plots based on the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) cluster plot design as many as nine cluster plots. They have calculated tree damage based on the location where found the damage was in the FHM method. Calculated condition canopy based on five parameters visual crown. Assessment of tree health status uses a forest health assessment information system. The results showed that the location where found the most damage was at the root and lower stem (code 2) as many as 67 trees, dominated by liana damage (code 20) as many as 43 trees, with an average damage level of 35%. The live crown ratio 20-35%, crown density 25-50%, foliage transparency 50-70%, crown diameter 2.5-10 m, and dieback 0-5%. The value of the health status of the Agathis dammara tree has a value of 1.69-2.44. Thus, these conditions illustrate that the vitality and value of the health status of Agathis dammara trees at Situ Gunung Resort, TNGGP are in the medium criteria and category.
Mechanical and morphology characteristics of natural rubber-styrene butadiene rubber (NR-SBR) blends in the presence of natural microbentonite
Authors: Wirjosentono B , Siregar A H , Nasution D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) has been the world renewable natural elastomer produced mainly in South East Asia from the sap of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). However it only exported to manufacturing countries for production of various engineering and specialty rubber products. Blending of the natural rubber with synthetic rubber such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is a mean to improve engineering specification of the NR, especially due to exposure of mineral oils during its service life. Whereas natural microbentonite functions not only as filler but also as coagulant breaker in both SIR-10 and SBR matrices, which improves miscibility of the blends. In this work blending of Indonesian natural rubber (NR: SIR-10) with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were carried out in reflux reactor in xylene solution in the presence of various loading of natural microbentonite as fillers. Miscibility of the blends were measured from their mechanical properties as well as morphology of their fracture surfaces using electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that optimum loading of microbentonite in the NR/SBR (weight ratio: 50/50) blend was 3 per hundred rubber (phr), which showed good adhesion of the rubber matrices onto the filler surface and without any agglomeration.
Distribution patterns and population structure of salagundi (Rhodoleia teysmanii) From North Tapanuli-North Sumatra
Authors: Hartini K S , Susilowati A , Rizky M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
North Sumatra known as bigger island with abundant of tropical tree species. Some of those were lesser known species. One of lesser-known and potential species from North Sumatera is Salagundi (Rhodoleia teysmanii). Despite being widely utilized by locals peoples, information on Salagundi’s population and other characteristics is very limited. The community in the surrounding area frequently uses wood for a variety of functions, such home construction. Excessive consumption potentially threatent the species’ existence in the habitat. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution pattern and population structure of Salagundi in Simorangkir Julu Village, Siatas Barita District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. For those purpose, vegetation analysis techniques using a combination of plotted lines and lines were adopted. Result of this research showed that, distribution pattern of Salagundi at the seedling to tree level was clumped with the Morisita (Ip) index value of 0.51 -0.53. The population structure curve was the J-shaped reversed. This shows that the condition of the population is sustainable.
Improving germination with pre-sowing technique on Caliandra calothyrsus Meissn
Authors: Hartini K S , Susilowati A , Siahaan C P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Red Calliandra (Caliandra colothyrus) is a high-quality energy wood raw material that can be produced rapidly. It’s ideal for making wood pellets. The need for wood pellets is on the increase globally. For the production of wood pellets continuity, sufficient materials were required, requiring the development of red calliandra cultivation. The long duration of the seed germination process due to the hard seed coat is an obstacle in the generative propagation of red calliandra. This study aimed to determine the best treatment for red calliandra dormancy breaking and simultaneous germination. A factorial fully randomized design (F-CRD) with two treatment factors was used in this study. The first factor is type of solution (P) with three levels consisting of: P1: soaking in water; P2 : immersion with MSG solution (12 grams/liter); P3 : immersion in young coconut water (100%). The second factor is the length of immersion time (T) with three levels consisting of: T1: soaking time for 8 hours; T2 : immersion time for 12 hours; T3 : immersion time for 16 hours. Each treatment consisted of 20 seeds, which were replicated three times for a total of 540 seeds. The initial day of germination, length of germination, percentage of germination, and germination rate index were all measured. The results showed that that the most optimal germination for red Calliandra found in the P1T1 treatment (soaking in water for 8 hours). It can be shown from all observed parameters
The effect of forest land allocation on understory plant species associations
Authors: Sidabukke S H , Barus T A , Utomo B , Delvian  , Aulin F R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpecies association is a reciprocal relationship among species within a community and can estimate the community composition. This research aimed to obtain information regarding the level of dominance and plant species association in each forest land allocation. Data analysis tested in this study constituted an analysis of the importance value index and association analysis performed on the main constituent species with INP > 10% using a 2x2 Contingency Table. The research revealed that species association in understorey plants in plantation forests contained one pair with real associations, five with unreal associations, six with positive associations, and none with negative associations. Meanwhile, there were no real associations in protected forest areas, ten pairs with unreal associations, four pairs with positive associations, and six pairs with negative ones. There were two pairs with real associations in natural forests outside the company’s concessions, 13 species with unreal associations, four pairs with positive associations, and 11 pairs with negative associations.
Spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha A S , Muhdi  , Patana P , Sari T Y , Hulu D L N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Forest and land degradation tend increase and can trigger an increased risk of disaster. The andslide is a deadly disaster that frequently occurs in Indonesia, particularly in Langkat Regency. The study objective was to analyze the spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability levels in Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province. The spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level was used the Storie Index method with four variables, including rainfall, slope, soil type, and land cover type. The results of this study were the landslide vulnerability level and the area of spatial distribution with high – very high vulnerability levels. The spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level in Langkat Regency is mostly at a moderate level with the area reaching nearly 32%, while the area of the high – very high vulnerability level is 19,77% of the total area of Langkat Regency. The widest area that occupied the high – very high landslide vulnerability level in Langkat Regency includes three districts, including Bahorok, Batang Serangan, and Sei Bingai. Areas that are very vulnerable to landslides are generally precipitous with a land cover of plantation and agricultural areas. Most of the high landslide vulnerability areas are included in the Gunung Leuser National Park area. Various parties need to pay serious attention to landslide areas with high – very high vulnerability levels to reduce disaster risk.
Physicochemical characteristics of muffin from composite flour (mocaf, breadfruit, jackfruit seeds, and durian seeds)
Authors: Gaol R A L , Nurminah M , Nainggolan R J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the formulation of composite flour from mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour in making good quality muffin. Making muffins with composite flour formulations (mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour) (P): 50%:40%:5%:5%, 50%:30%:10%:10%, 50 %:20%:15%:15%, 50%:10%:20%:20%, 100% jackfruit seed flour, 100% durian seed flour 100% breadfruit flour, 100% mocaf, and 100% wheat flour. The resulting muffins were analyzed for specific volume, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and crude fiber content. The final result of the study showed that the composite flour formulation (mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour) (50%:30%:10%:10%) produced the good quality muffin by deGarmo method.
Community perception and utilization of raru in Bonalumban Village
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Susilowati A , elfiati D , Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Iswanto A H , Rambey R , Sucipto T , Hakim L , Azhar I , Syahputra O K H , Harahap M M , Ulfa M , Manurung H , Arinah H , Kusuma Y S , Kholibrina C R , Siregar H , Rangkuti R R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Village life around the forest is inseparable from the existence of the forest. The use of raru as a forest product has been passed down from generation to generation in the community of Bonalumban Village, Tukka District, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra. The study of community perceptions and dependencies on Raru in Bonalumban village is needed to determine the potential of raru and encourage efforts to preserve raru. The method of selecting respondents is done by purposive sampling by selecting general respondents and specialized respondents. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics. Public perceptions about the existence of raru in nature are still plentiful so there is no public effort to regenerate. Community dependency on raru is grouped into four categories, that is for sale, palm wine concoctions, animal cages, and building materials. Raru harvesting activities by felling without being accompanied by cultivation activities causes the presence of raru vegetation to decrease.
Squalene decreased fasting blood glucose level of type ii diabetic rats
Authors: Widyawati T , Syarifah S , Sumantri I B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Squaleneis a chemical compound that has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of squalene on fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes type II in rats was obtained by giving nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) before high dose streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. A total of 18 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups and served once daily for 12 days as follows; Group I Aquades (Diabetic Control) 10 ml/kg, Group II (Metformin 45 mg/kg) and Group III (Squalene 160 mg/kg). FBGL was measured at day 0, day 6 and day 12. The results showed that FBGL in both Squalene- (194.67 ± 28.32 mg/dL) and Metformin- (178.50 ± 34.27 mg/dL) were significantly decreased after 12 days intervention compared to Diabetic Control-treated groups (438.33 ± 65.79 µmol/L) with p<0.001. This study concluded that squalene was able to decrease FBGL in type II diabetic rats.
Eucalyptus plantation and its integrated supply chain in pulp and paper mill
Authors: Sembiring N , Napitupulu H L , Sembiring M T , Sipahutar A I , Tarigan C A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, demand of the pulp and paper production increases quickly. That increasing demand has led to demanding of eucalyptus plantation. That is why eucalyptus plantation has rapidly expanded and became the most planted tree species across the world over the last century. Not only because its unique characteristics, increasing of eucalyptus plantation also happened because its growing gives a socio-economic benefits, industrial benefits, and environmental impacts. However, increasing demand of eucalyptus certainly make availability of eucalyptus being determined, known as limited supply chain. Due to the increasing demand and limited supply chain, the eucalyptus wood supply should managed, by integrated the supply chain well. In this research study, the supply chain of eucalyptus wood for pulp and paper industry was diagnosed and divided into three degree, there are direct supply chain, extended supply chain, and ultimate supply chain. Four main stakeholders in this chain identified consisted of the eucalyptus seedling developers and sellers, the suppliers, the distribution centers, and the pulp and paper production plants.
Addition of divinyl benzene comonomer to glycidyl methacrylate grafting to cyclic natural rubber
Authors: Alfian Z , Tamrin  , Eddiyanto  , Nasution N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The process of thermally grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on cyclic natural rubber (CNR) compared to the addition of an initiator of organic peroxide, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and using cross-linker divinyl benzene (DVB) has been carried out by means of melt processing. The main aims of the modified GMA grafted to CNR was to increase the polarity of the polymer to be used as a compatibiliser agent in asphalt modification. The addition of DVB comonomer in the processing was to increase the amount of GMA implanted in cyclic rubber as measured by the degree of GMA grafting. The grafting method was carried out by melting polymer (melt processing) at high temperatures in the reactor internal mixer (Brabender model). The grafting reaction took place at a temperature of 160°C, 60 rpm rotor rotation for 10 minutes of mixing. To determine the GMA grafting reaction on cyclic rubber, characterization was carried out with Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FT-IR) while the degree of GMA grafting on natural rubber was determined by acid-base titration method in organic solvents. It was found that the GMA grafting process on cyclic natural rubber could easily occur in the melting phase at high temperatures and increase with the addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) peroxide. Although the addition of divinyl benzene (DVB) comonomer can increase the degree of grafting of GMA on CNR, the addition of comonomer can cause high cross-linking.
Genetic sequence analysis of Arthrobotrys thaumasia DS01 (Monacrosporium thaumasium): A new report from North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hastuti L D S , Berliani K , Mulya M B , Hartanto A , Pahlevi S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exploration of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) has been conducted previously in urban area, the Medan city, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The survey reported a number of NTF species inhabiting soil samples of organic wastes and decaying litter. Upon finding a suitable NTF isolate as nematode biocontrol agent, species identification is currently carried out based on molecular evidences. One morphotype named isolate DS01 is suspected as member of Arthrobotrys based on morphological characteristics. Molecular sequencing on rDNA or ITS-DNA region has successfully been performed. The genetic sequence was analyzed with database retrieved in NCBI, revealing the identity of A. thaumasia/M. thamasium. Based on recent findings, this is the first report on indigenous strain of A. thaumasia from Indonesia.
Gut content analysis of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) in Asam Kumbang Crocodile Park, North Sumatra
Authors: Jumilawaty E , Namira N , Anggelicha A , Hartanto A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) is a widespread avian species inhabiting a variety of natural and artificial sites. Asam Kumbang Crocodile Park is one of establishments that occupied some portions of B. ibis habitat with no recent information on the food resource and prey availability for the viability of B. ibis. To this aim, we collected 10 random individuals of B. ibis to be sacrificed for gut content analysis of prey species. A total of 19 taxa was found as prey items in the gut of B. ibis with the dominant group from insects (Orthoptera, Scolopendromorpha). The diversity of prey species was categorized as moderate with intraspecific diet variation which formed four guilds that fed on specific taxa namely Group 1 (Haplotaxida, Lepidoptera, Anurans), Group 2 (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Araneae), Group 3 (Orthoptera, Scolopendromorpha); and Group 4 (Dermaptera, Squamata). Oxya chinensis and Oxya velox are important rice grasshopper pests that were also found in the gut of B. ibis reflecting their potential function as biological control agent.
Economic feasibility of obtaining wood phytomass through accelerated cultivation of pine wood on postagrogenic lands
Authors: Yanush Sergey , Danilov Dmitry , Kharlanov Aleksei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper examines economic efficiency of obtaining wood biomass through accelerated cultivation of pine on postagrogenic lands of the Leningrad Region of Northwest Russia. In experimental pine plantations, we selected model trees and calculated the stem wood biomass of 11-year old stands with different stem densities. Assessments of the economic efficiency of the production of wood chips from pine wood grown on postagrogenic lands were based on a set of machines and mechanisms, consumables and wages. A break-even point was determined for the production of wood chips in plantations with different stem densities. In the variant with a stand density of 2900 trees per hectare, it is possible to make a profit, because a break-even point was obtained for the investments made. Pine stands of such density can be taken as a prototype, when creating and growing short rotation plantations. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to predict a further increase in pine wood biomass in a plantation on post-agrogenic soils. On postagrogenic lands, marketable wood pulp can be obtained within a short period of time; thus such lands will be involved in an economic turnover.
Fiber-optic light guides as secondary sources of light for hen keeping in cage batteries
Authors: Gladin Dmitry , Kavtarashvili Alexey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The method of local illumination of cage batteries with LED lamps, previously developed by us, made it possible to increase the livability and productivity of hens in comparison with the traditional method. In this case, the placement of low-power LED sources directly in each cage requires a large number of rather complex electronic devices across the whole metal structure of the cage battery and extended power transmission lines. This work compares the efficiency of local LED lighting and fiber-optic light guides when keeping hens of the productive flocks of cross SP-789 in traditional cages. The 120-day-old hens were divided by the method of analogs in 2 groups of 100 heads. In the control group, LED lamps were used for local illumination of hens, and in the experimental group, fiber-optic light guides were used with LEDs as the primary source of illumination. The color temperature of light-emitting diodes was 3000 K. Up to 260 days of age, hens were kept in triple-tiered cage batteries, 5 animals per cage. The results of the study showed that in the control and experimental groups, the livability of the livestock was 95.0 and 99.0%, the egg production per initial hen was 99.2 and 102.5 pieces. The weight of eggs was 57.9 and 58.3 g, the yield of the egg weight per initial hen was 5.81 and 5.98 kg, feed consumption for 10 eggs and 1 kg of egg weight were 1.37, 2.35 and 1.30, 2.23 kg, respectively, without significant changes in the morphological and chemical qualities of eggs.