bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossover between the control of fungal pathogens in medicine and the wider environment, and the threat of antifungal resistance
Authors: Gisi Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFungal propagules existing in the natural environment can easily be transmitted to the human body, mostly by inhalation of contaminated air or direct contact onto the skin, nails, and mucosa. Fungal infections in humans are, as compared to viral and bacterial infections, rarely serious (life‐threatening) unless the immune system is weakened. Because azole fungicides (demethylation inhibitors, DMIs) are among the most important antifungal compounds used broadly in human and animal medicine as well as in agriculture and material protection, fungal propagules may come into contact with azoles almost everywhere, presenting a potential “crossover‐use‐pattern” and “cross‐contamination‐risk” for resistant propagules in all areas. A “hot‐spot” in terms of the emergence of azole resistance in a fungal species is defined as a habitat in which the species is actively propagating and exposed to a fungicidally effective azole at available concentrations high enough to select for resistant individuals, potentially multiplying and spreading to other habitats. Intrinsic antifungal resistance may exist in less sensitive or insensitive species independent of previous exposure to antifungal compounds, whereas acquired antifungal resistance can evolve if triggered by the exposure of an originally sensitive species (or population) to agricultural or medical antifungal agents, resulting in the selection of resistant individuals. The origin and risks of these developments in medical settings and the wider environment are elucidated for the most relevant life‐threatening fungal human pathogens, including several species of Cryptococcus, Candida, Pneumocystis, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium, and Scedosporium.
Management of dysnatremias with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Yessayan Lenar T. , Szamosfalvi Balazs , Rosner Mitchell H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDisorders of serum sodium concentration are common in critically ill patients who may have concomitant acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, or end‐stage kidney disease. Many of these patients may require customized serum sodium level management with dialysis which, if not strictly controlled, can lead to significant complications. Thus, controlled correction of the serum sodium level is necessary to avoid the development of osmotic demyelination syndrome in hyponatremic patients and dialysis disequilibrium syndrome in hypernatremic patients. Continuous renal replacement therapy offers unique benefits through the ability to slowly and safely correct dysnatremias that can be tailored to specific patient needs and should be considered in select patients.
Acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement therapy: A nursing perspective for my shift today in the intensive care unit
Authors: Baldwin Ian , Mottes Theresa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHandover, clinical discussion, and care for patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) require visual cues to a verbal “story” in an attempt to quickly understand the patient status. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often associated with sepsis or a toxic cause and “kidney attack” not apparent to the patient; “silent” with no pain, discomfort, or vital sign changes initially. Language, terminology, and definitions for this acute kidney injury (AKI) are a graded classification with guidelines.CRRT and dialysis techniques use the physiological principles of diffusion and or convection for solute removal providing a replacement for the basic kidney functions to sustain life until function returns. When to stop CRRT is based on clinical assessment of the patient overall status and urine production re‐starting.The medical treatment is focused on the key interventions of resuscitation, remove the cause, support with CRRT or dialysis and monitor for recovery of function. CRRT requires a multidisciplinary team and quality process, local policies, education, and competency pathways to promote best outcomes and efficacy.
How Historical Data Complement Fieldwork: New Diachronic Perspectives on Zamucoan Verb Inflection*
Authors: Ciucci Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article shows how the unearthing of new historical data on a language can contribute to diachronic studies and language reconstruction. †Old Zamuco is an extinct Zamucoan language, for which the only extant dictionary was recently rediscovered. This dictionary is the main source on the language and is very rich in morphological information. In particular, it contains many new verb paradigms with previously undescribed or only conjectured characteristics. These features were analyzed in order to compare them with the present‐day Zamucoan languages, Ayoreo and Chamacoco. This gave us the opportunity to formulate hypotheses on the historical development of Zamucoan verb morphology and to improve the already available reconstruction of Proto‐Zamucoan verb inflection.
Do different agronomic soil tests identify similar nutrient deficiencies?
Authors: Mattila Tuomas J. , Rajala Jukka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraditionally, locally calibrated soil tests were used for fertilizer and lime recommendations. Farmers and advisors are increasingly using new ‘universal’ soil tests without local calibration. The objective of this study was to compare five commercially available soil tests and to determine whether they would provide similar recommendations. In total, 24 fields in Western Finland were sampled for 4 years while being treated with fertilizers, lime and manure. The soil samples were analysed with Mehlich‐3, ammonium acetate, H3A, hydrochloric acid and mild acetic acid (Spurway) extractants. In addition, Soil Health Tool (CO2 burst, water‐soluble C and N) and tissue testing were conducted. The different tests extracted different orders of magnitude of nutrients (especially P and Mg), but the results from the different extractions were correlated. Mehlich‐3 degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) presented a threshold, below which soluble phosphorus was not detected. Similar thresholds were found for P, S and Mg. Mehlich‐3 and ammonium acetate provided similar results for Ca, Mg and K and can be used interchangeably for liming recommendations. Mehlich‐3 identified more fields with Zn, Cu, B and S deficiencies and less fields with Mn deficiencies compared with ammonium acetate + EDTA and tissue testing. The tests had strong correlation, but the determination of nutrient deficiencies needs local calibration of deficiency limits.
Control of antimicrobial resistance in Cameroon: Feasibility of implementing the National Action Plan
Authors: Amin Elvis Tajoache , Omeichu Amadeus Agwenam , Shu Divine Mamboneh , Ekome Serge Raoul Ekukole , Njumkeng Charles , van der Sande Marianne Antonia Bernarda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesRising antimicrobial resistance is a major threat worldwide. WHO has developed a Global Action Plan and has urged all countries to develop and implement a National Action Plan. We analysed the implementation of the Cameroon National Action Plan by identifying the prioritised activities and assessing possible challenges which could limit implementation.MethodsWe conducted a review of national documents on the control of antimicrobial resistance, including regulations, policies and guidelines and assessed the health system structure. Publications and other supporting documents were obtained by a systematic literature search. We applied the policy analysis triangle framework and the theory of change to analyse the National Action Plan, actors involved and the process of implementation.ResultsThe National Action Plan consisted of six strategic objectives, with the first five being a direct translation of the five pillars of the Global Action Plan. The related activities were to be implemented using a phased approach with allocated targets for each year. Several gaps were identified. There was no timeline of activities set per year, the chronology of activities was not consistent, there were no activities or objectives to ensure the sustainability of the National Action Plan like creating awareness on antimicrobial resistance and the indicators for impact evaluation were not included. Among the actors involved, the Ministry of Public Health had the highest interest in the implementation as the lead stakeholder to oversee the overall implementation. However, there was no clear source of funding, and stakeholders at the primary level of the various sectors responsible for implementation were not clearly defined.ConclusionDespite adequate multisectoral collaboration within the prioritised activities relevant to Cameroon, more is needed for effective implementation of the National Action Plan. The timeline of the different activities, as well as the involvement of key stakeholders at the primary level, needs to be improved. The government's overall commitment to healthcare should be increased and implementation of an action plan should commence at the district or regional level, while challenges in mobilising the necessary funds need to be overcome.
LPA2 protein is involved in photosystem II assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Cecchin Michela , Jeong Jooyeon , Son Woojae , Kim Minjae , Park Seunghye , Zuliani Luca , Cazzaniga Stefano , Pompa Andrea , Young Kang Chan , Bae Sangsu , Ballottari Matteo , Jin EonSeon 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPhotosynthetic eukaryotes require the proper assembly of photosystem II (PSII) in order to strip electrons from water and fuel carbon fixation reactions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, one of the PSII subunits (CP43/PsbC) was suggested to be assembled into the PSII complex via its interaction with an auxiliary protein called Low PSII Accumulation 2 (LPA2). However, the original articles describing the role of LPA2 in PSII assembly have been retracted. To investigate the function of LPA2 in the model organism for green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we generated knockout lpa2 mutants by using the CRISPR‐Cas9 target‐specific genome editing system. Biochemical analyses revealed the thylakoidal localization of LPA2 protein in the wild type (WT), whereas lpa2 mutants were characterized by a drastic reduction in the levels of D1, D2, CP47 and CP43 proteins. Consequently, reduced PSII supercomplex accumulation, chlorophyll content per cell, PSII quantum yield and photosynthetic oxygen evolution were measured in the lpa2 mutants, leading to the almost complete impairment of photoautotrophic growth. Pulse‐chase experiments demonstrated that the absence of LPA2 protein caused reduced PSII assembly and reduced PSII turnover. Taken together, our data indicate that, in C. reinhardtii, LPA2 is required for PSII assembly and proper function.
An HD‐ZIP transcription factor, MxHB13, integrates auxin‐regulated and juvenility‐determined control of adventitious rooting in Malus xiaojinensis
Authors: Li Xu , Shen Fei , Xu Xiaozhao , Zheng Qingbo , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Li Wei , Qiu Changpeng , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Zhang Xinzhong 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAdventitious root (AR) formation is a critical factor in the vegetative propagation of forestry and horticultural plants. Competence for AR formation declines in many species during the miR156/SPL‐mediated vegetative phase change. Auxin also plays a regulatory role in AR formation. In apple rootstock, both high miR156 expression and exogenous auxin application are prerequisites for AR formation. However, the mechanism by which the miR156/SPL module interacts with auxin in controlling AR formation is unclear. In this paper, leafy cuttings of juvenile (Mx‐J) and adult (Mx‐A) phase Malus xiaojinensis were used in an RNA‐sequencing experiment. The results revealed that numerous genes involved in phytohormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, cell dedifferentiation, and reactivation were downregulated in Mx‐A cuttings in response to indole butyric acid treatment. Among the differentially expressed genes, an HD‐ZIP transcription factor gene, MxHB13, was found to be under negative regulation of MdSPL26 by directly binding to MxHB13 promoter. MxTIFY9 interacts with MxSPL26 and may play a role in co‐repressing the expression of MxHB13. The expression of MxTIFY9 was induced by exogenous indole butyric acid. MxHB13 binds to the promoter of MxABCB19‐2 and positively affects the expression. A model is proposed in which MxHB13 links juvenility‐limited and auxin‐limited AR recalcitrance mechanisms in Mx‐A.
A SNP‐based genetic dissection of versatile traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Arif Mian Abdur Rehman , Shokat Sajid , Plieske Jörg , Ganal Martin , Lohwasser Ulrike , Chesnokov Yuriy V. , Kocherina Nataliya V. , Kulwal Pawan , Kumar Neeraj , McGuire Patrick E. , Sorrells Mark E. , Qualset Calvin O. , Börner Andreas 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe continuous increase in global population prompts increased wheat production. Future wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding will heavily rely on dissecting molecular and genetic bases of wheat yield and related traits which is possible through the discovery of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in constructed populations, such as recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Here, we present an evaluation of 92 RILs in a bi‐parental RIL mapping population (the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative Mapping Population [ITMI/MP]) using newly generated phenotypic data in 3‐year experiments (2015), older phenotypic data (1997–2009), and newly created single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker data based on 92 of the original RILs to search for novel and stable QTLs. Our analyses of more than 15 unique traits observed in multiple experiments included analyses of 46 traits in three environments in the USA, 69 traits in eight environments in Germany, 149 traits in 10 environments in Russia, and 28 traits in four environments in India (292 traits in 25 environments) with 7584 SNPs (292 × 7584 = 2 214 528 data points). A total of 874 QTLs were detected with limit of detection (LOD) scores of 2.01–3.0 and 432 QTLs were detected with LOD > 3.0. Moreover, 769 QTLs could be assigned to 183 clusters based on the common markers and relative proximity of related QTLs, indicating gene‐rich regions throughout the A, B, and D genomes of common wheat. This upgraded genotype–phenotype information of ITMI/MP can assist breeders and geneticists who can make crosses with suitable RILs to improve or investigate traits of interest.
Semi‐automated digital quantification of cellular infiltrates for in vivo evaluation of transplanted islets of Langerhans encapsulated with bioactive materials
Authors: Ramirez Matias , Courtoy Guillaume , Kharrat Oumaima , de Beukelaer Michele , Mourad Nizar , Guiot Yves , Bouzin Caroline , Gianello Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the field of xenotransplantation, digital image analysis (DIA) is an asset to quantify heterogeneous cell infiltrates around transplanted encapsulated islets.Materials and MethodsRGD‐alginate was used to produce empty capsules or to encapsulate neonatal porcine islets (NPI) with different combinations of human pancreatic extracellular matrix (hpECM), porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSC) and a chitosan anti‐fouling coating. Capsules were transplanted subcutaneously in rats for one month and then processed for immunohistochemistry. Immunostainings for macrophages (CD68) and lymphocytes (CD3) were quantified by DIA in two concentric regions of interest (ROI) around the capsules. DIA replicability and reproducibility were assessed by two blind operators. Repeatability was evaluated by processing the same biopsies at different time points. DIA was also compared with quantification by point counting (PC).ResultsMethodology validation: different sizes of ROIs were highly correlated. Intraclass correlation coefficients confirmed replicability and reproducibility. Repeatability showed a very strong correlation with CD3 stains and moderate/strong for CD68 stains. Group comparisons for CD68 IHC at each time point proved internal consistency. Point counting and DIA were strongly correlated with both CD3 and CD68. Capsule biocompatibility: Macrophage infiltration was higher around capsules containing biomaterials than around empty and RGD‐alginate‐NPI capsules. Lymphocytic infiltration was comparable among groups containing cells and higher than in empty capsules.ConclusionWe validated a semi‐automated quantification methodology to assess cellular infiltrates and successfully applied it to investigate graft biocompatibility, showing that neonatal porcine islets encapsulated in alginate alone triggered less infiltration than capsules containing islets and bioactive materials.
Cost-effectiveness of an internet-based perioperative care programme to enhance postoperative recovery in gynaecological patients: economic evaluation alongside a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Bouwsma Esther V A , Bosmans Judith E , van Dongen Johanna M , Brölmann Hans A M , Anema Johannes R , Huirne Judith A F 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of an internet-based perioperative care programme compared with usual care for gynaecological patients.DesignEconomic evaluation from a societal perspective alongside a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial with 12 months of follow-up.SettingSecondary care, nine hospitals in the Netherlands, 2011–2014.Participants433 employed women aged 18–65 years scheduled for a hysterectomy and/or laparoscopic adnexal surgery.InterventionThe intervention comprised an internet-based care programme aimed at improving convalescence and preventing delayed return to work (RTW) following gynaecological surgery and was sequentially rolled out. Depending on the implementation phase of their hospital, patients were allocated to usual care (n=206) or to the intervention (n=227).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was duration until full sustainable RTW. Secondary outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), health-related quality of life and recovery.ResultsAt 12 months, there were no statistically significant differences in total societal costs (€−647; 95% CI €−2116 to €753) and duration until RTW (−4.1; 95% CI −10.8 to 2.6) between groups. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for RTW was 56; each day earlier RTW in the intervention group was associated with cost savings of €56 compared with usual care. The probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 0.79 at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of €0 per day earlier RTW, which increased to 0.97 at a WTP of €76 per day earlier RTW. The difference in QALYs gained over 12 months between the groups was clinically irrelevant resulting in a low probability of cost-effectiveness for QALYs.ConclusionsConsidering that on average the costs of a day of sickness absence are €230, the care programme is considered cost-effective in comparison with usual care for duration until sustainable RTW after gynaecological surgery for benign disease. Future research should indicate whether widespread implementation of this care programme has the potential to reduce societal costs associated with gynaecological surgery.Trial registration numberNTR2933; Results.
Comparative analyses of the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Hymenoscyphus albidus genomes reveals potentially adaptive differences in secondary metabolite and transposable element repertoires
Authors: Elfstrand Malin , Chen Jun , Cleary Michelle , Halecker Sandra , Ihrmark Katarina , Karlsson Magnus , Davydenko Kateryna , Stenlid Jan , Stadler Marc , Durling Mikael Brandström 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe dieback epidemic decimating common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Europe is caused by the invasive fungusHymenoscyphus fraxineus. In this study we analyzed the genomes ofH. fraxineusandH. albidus, its native but, now essentially displaced, non-pathogenic sister species, and compared them with several other members of Helotiales. The focus of the analyses was to identify signals in the genome that may explain the rapid establishment ofH. fraxineusand displacement ofH. albidus.ResultsThe genomes ofH. fraxineusandH. albidusshowed a high level of synteny and identity. The assembly ofH. fraxineusis 13 Mb longer than that ofH. albidus’, most of this difference can be attributed to higher dispersed repeat content (i.e. transposable elements [TEs]) inH. fraxineus. In general, TE families inH. fraxineusshowed more signals of repeat-induced point mutations (RIP) than inH. albidus, especially in Long-terminal repeat (LTR)/Copia and LTR/Gypsy elements.Comparing gene family expansions and 1:1 orthologs, relatively few genes show signs of positive selection between species. However, several of those did appeared to be associated with secondary metabolite genes families, including gene families containing two of the genes in theH. fraxineus-specific, hymenosetin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC).ConclusionThe genomes ofH. fraxineusandH. albidusshow a high degree of synteny, and are rich in both TEs and BGCs, but the genomic signatures also indicated thatH. albidusmay be less well equipped to adapt and maintain its ecological niche in a rapidly changing environment.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase genes related to the Fusarium head blight response in wheat
Authors: Yang Guang , Pan Wenqiu , Zhang Ruoyu , Pan Yan , Guo Qifan , Song Weining , Zheng Weijun , Nie Xiaojun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Lignin is one of the main components of the cell wall and is directly associated with plant development and defence mechanisms in plants, especially in response to Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is the main regulator determining the efficiency of lignin synthesis and composition. Although it has been characterized in many plants, to date, the importance of the CCoAOMT family in wheat is not well understood.

Results
Here, a total of 21 wheat CCoAOMT genes (TaCCoAOMT) were identified through an in silico genome search method and they were classified into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis, with the members of the same group sharing similar gene structures and conserved motif compositions. Furthermore, the expression patterns and co-expression network in which TaCCoAOMT is involved were comprehensively investigated using 48 RNA-seq samples from Fg infected and mock samples of 4 wheat genotypes. Combined with qRT-PCR validation of 11 Fg-responsive TaCCoAOMT genes, potential candidates involved in the FHB response and their regulation modules were preliminarily suggested. Additionally, we investigated the genetic diversity and main haplotypes of these CCoAOMT genes in bread wheat and its relative populations based on resequencing data.

Conclusions
This study identified and characterized the CCoAOMT family in wheat, which not only provided potential targets for further functional analysis, but also contributed to uncovering the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and its role in FHB tolerance in wheat and beyond.