bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of ovaries from high and low egg‐laying Lingyun black‐bone chickens
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Wang Pengfei , Cong Guanglei , Liu Meihua , Shi Shourong , Shao Dan , Tan Benjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEgg‐laying rate is mainly determined by ovarian function and regulated by the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis; however, the mechanism by which the ovary regulates the egg‐laying rate is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the transcriptomes of the ovary of Lingyun black‐bone chickens with relatively high and low egg‐laying rates and screen candidate genes related to the egg‐laying rate. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was conducted to explore the chicken transcriptome from the ovarian tissue of six Lingyun black‐bone chickens with high (group G, n = 3) and low (group D, n = 3) egg‐laying rates. The results showed that 235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the chickens with high and low egg‐laying rates; among them, 209 DEGs were up‐regulated and 26 DEGs were down‐regulated. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the up‐regulated 209 DEGs were enriched in 50 GO terms and the down‐regulated 26 DEGs were enriched in 40 GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that up‐regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 25 pathways and down‐regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in three pathways. Among the pathways, we found the longevity regulating pathway‐multiple species pathway, Estrogen signalling pathway and PPAR signalling pathway may have an essential function in regulating the egg‐laying rate. The results highlighted DEGs in the ovarian tissues of relatively high and low laying Lingyun black‐bone chicken and identified essential candidate genes related to the egg‐laying rate, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the egg‐laying rate of Lingyun black‐bone chicken.
Application of fracture mechanics for the characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) pipes. II. Evaluation of a ring‐type specimen for fracture mechanics testing
Authors: Rodolfo Antonio , John Vanderley M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (U‐PVC) pipe sample used in infrastructure applications in Brazil (nominal diameter DN 100, outside diameter 110 mm) was evaluated according to different fracture mechanics methodologies, including essential work of fracture (EWF) and other fracture toughness parameters such as the stress intensity factor and plane strain energy release rate . This pipe sample was also tested for the quality of processing (degree of gelation) via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile strength. The comparative evaluation of different specimen configurations—curved specimens in three‐point bending (CTPB) and full rings in tension (SNRT), in thicknesses varying from 5 to 30 mm, showed initial evidence of the suitability of ring‐type specimens for the evaluation of EWF and . Results also indicate that the full ring geometry, at least in the present experimental setup, presents some drawbacks probably due to the storage of large amounts of elastic energy throughout the test. This fact leads to relevant deviations in both load–displacement behavior and results for strain energy release rate (), and the results found here will guide future research using full and split rings in different loading modes and improved experimental setups. It was also confirmed that the value of , determined by a modified Charpy test, is independent of the type of specimen tested, as long as the test mode and specimen width are the same. Both the experimental value of and the estimated value for the plane strain stress intensity factor () showed excellent agreement with values reported for other U‐PVC compositions.
Gastrointestinal tract perforation during endoscopy in three cats: A retrospective case series
Authors: Ferreira Aida , Calleja Shaun , Anderson Davina , Murtagh Kevin , Watson Natalie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis case series describes a possible link between perforation during gastrointestinal tract (GIT) endoscopy in cats and a specific underlying condition. GIT endoscopy is commonly performed in cats, with a total of 254 endoscopies performed at a UK referral centre from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. During this period, three cases were reported to have GIT perforation in conjunction with the procedure. All three cases described were diagnosed with alimentary lymphoma of varying location and histological grade. One case suffered colonic perforation and was euthanased, while the other two underwent exploratory coeliotomy. Both surgeries were successful. Of the cats that underwent surgery, one was diagnosed with lymphoplasmocytic inflammation at the perforation site and low‐grade/small cell lymphoma distally, and subsequently treated with prednisolone and chlorambucil, while the other was diagnosed with intermediate‐grade lymphoma at the perforation site, and the owners elected for euthanasia upon diagnosis.
Getting Started
Authors: Marois Guillaume , KC Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter sets the stage before building the microsimulation model. First, we describe proprieties of the microsimulation model that will be built. The model is time-based, discrete-time and stochastic. We then describe properties of a multistate model that will be converted into a microsimulation model and we show how building a synthetic base population that consists of the individuals that will be projected. We finally explain how to set up the workspace in SAS.
On the conformal symmetry of exceptional scalar theories
Authors: Farnsworth Kara , Hinterbichler Kurt , Hulík Ondřej 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The DBI and special galileon theories exhibit a conformal symmetry at unphysical values of the spacetime dimension. We find the Lagrangian form of this symmetry. The special conformal transformations are non-linearly realized on the fields, even though conformal symmetry is unbroken. Commuting the conformal transformations with the extended shift symmetries, we find new symmetries, which when taken together with the conformal and shift symmetries close into a larger algebra. For DBI this larger algebra is the conformal algebra of the higher dimensional bulk in the brane embedding view of DBI. For the special galileon it is a real form of the special linear algebra. We also find the Weyl transformations corresponding to the conformal symmetries, as well as the necessary improvement terms to make the theories Weyl invariant, to second order in the coupling in the DBI case and to lowest order in the coupling in the special galileon case.
The universality of Hughes-free division rings
Authors: Jaikin-Zapirain Andrei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet$$E*G$$E∗Gbe a crossed product of a division ringEand a locally indicable groupG. Hughes showed that up to$$E*G$$E∗G-isomorphism, there exists at most one Hughes-free division$$E*G$$E∗G-ring. However, the existence of a Hughes-free division$$E*G$$E∗G-ring$${\mathcal {D}}_{E*G}$$DE∗Gfor an arbitrary locally indicable groupGis still an open question. Nevertheless,$${\mathcal {D}}_{E*G}$$DE∗Gexists, for example, ifGis amenable orGis bi-orderable. In this paper we study, whether$${\mathcal {D}}_{E*G}$$DE∗Gis the universal division ring of fractions in some of these cases. In particular, we show that ifGis a residually-(locally indicable and amenable) group, then there exists$${\mathcal {D}}_{E[G]}$$DE[G]and it is universal. In Appendix we give a description of$${\mathcal {D}}_{E[G]}$$DE[G]whenGis a RFRS group.
A comparison between Asians and Caucasians in the dimensions of the femoral isthmus based on a 3D-CT analysis of 1189 adult femurs
Authors: Thiesen Darius M. , Ntalos Dimitris , Korthaus Alexander , Petersik Andreas , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Hartel Maximilian J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
For successful intramedullary implant placement at the femur, such as nailing in unstable proximal femur fractures, the use of an implant that at least reaches or exceeds the femoral isthmus and yields sufficient thickness is recommended. A number of complications after intramedullary femoral nailing have been reported, particularly in Asians. To understand the anatomical features of the proximal femur and their ethnic differences, we aimed to accurately calculate the femoral isthmus dimensions and proximal distance of Asians and Caucasians.

Methods
In total, 1189 Asian and Caucasian segmented 3D CT data sets of femurs were analyzed. The individual femoral isthmus diameter was precisely computed to investigate whether gender, femur length, age, ethnicity or body mass index have an influence on isthmus diameters.

Results
The mean isthmus diameter of all femurs was 10.71 ± 2.2 mm. A significantly larger diameter was found in Asians when compared to Caucasians (p < 0.001). Age was a strong predictor of the isthmus diameter variability in females (p < 0.001, adjusted r2 = 0.299). With every year of life, the isthmus showed a widening of 0.08 mm in women. A Matched Pair Analysis of 150 female femurs showed a significant difference between isthmus diameter in Asian and Caucasian femurs (p = 0.05). In 50% of the cases the isthmus was found in a range of 2.4 cm between 16.9 and 19.3 cm distal to the tip of the greater trochanter. The female Asian femur differs from Caucasians as it is wider at the isthmus.

Conclusions
In absolute values, the proximal isthmus distance did not show much variation but is more proximal in Asians. The detailed data presented may be helpful in the development of future implant designs. The length and thickness of future standard implants may be considered based on the findings.
Receiving threatening or obscene messages from a partner and mental health, self-harm and suicidality: results from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
Authors: McManus Sally , Bebbington Paul E. , Tanczer Leonie , Scott Sara , Howard Louise M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Threatening or obscene messaging is repeated, unwanted texts, emails, letters or cards experienced by the recipient as threatening or obscene, and causing fear, alarm or distress. It is rarely examined as an aspect of intimate partner violence. We describe the prevalence of exposure to threatening/obscene messaging from a current or ex-partner; characteristics of victims; and associations with other forms of violence and abuse, mental disorder, self-harm, and suicidality.

Methods
Cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the general population in England aged 16 + . Multivariable regression modelling tested associations between receipt of threatening/obscene messaging and current common mental disorder, past-year self-harm and suicidality.

Results
Threatening/obscene messages were received from a current/ex-partner by 6.6% (95%CI: 5.9–7.3) of adults who had been in a relationship; 1.7% received these in the past year. Victims were more likely to be female, under 35, single or divorced, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and to have experienced other forms of sexual and partner violence and abuse. Those who received threatening/obscene messages in the past year were more likely to experience common mental disorder (adjusted odds ratio 1.89; 1.01–3.55), self-harm (2.31; 1.00–5.33), and suicidal thoughts (2.00; 1.06–3.78).

Conclusion
Threatening/obscene messaging commonly occurs in the context of intimate partner violence. While often occurring alongside sexual and physical violence, messaging has an additional association with mental disorder and suicidality. Routine enquiry in service settings concerning safety, including those working with people who have escaped domestic violence, should ask about ongoing contact from previous as well as current partners. This should include asking about messaging, as well as other forms of potentially technology-enabled abuse which may become increasingly common.
The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the demand for health care and on mortality: evidence from COVID-19 in Scandinavia
Authors: Juranek Steffen , Zoutman Floris T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 on the allocation of scarce resources in the hospital sector in Scandinavia. Denmark and Norway imposed strict NPIs, but Sweden followed an extraordinarily lenient approach. We use an event study to compare COVID-19 hospitalizations, intensive-care (ICU) patients, and deaths in Sweden with Denmark and Norway. The outcome variables initially follow a common trend, but diverge 2–3 weeks after lockdown. Both the timing of the effect and the similarity in the trend between Denmark and Norway are highly consistent with a causal effect of the lockdown. We use our event study to build a counterfactual model that predicts the outcome variables for Denmark and Norway if they had followed Sweden’s approach. In the absence of strict NPIs, the peak number of hospitalizations would have been 2.5 (3.5) times as large in Denmark (Norway). Overall, Denmark (Norway) would have had 334 (671) percent more hospital-patient days, 277 (379) percent more ICU-patient days, and 402 (1015) percent more deaths. The benefit of lockdown in terms of healthcare and mortality costs amounts to between 1 and 4 (0.9 and 3.5) percent of GDP in Denmark (Norway).
Agile methodologies applied to Integrated Concurrent Engineering for spacecraft design
Authors: Álvarez J. M. , Roibás-Millán E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, space projects have evolved to faster and more variable projects. To adjust the design processes in accordance, new work methodologies arise, as the Concurrent Engineering (CE). This working discipline is characterized by collaborative design and the flux of information being improved by working in a dedicated environment. CE has been recently adopted by space industry for the preliminary design phase of spacecrafts and other space systems. However, this methodology does not envisage tasks prioritization, which is a fundamental aspect to achieve an optimal design solution with an efficient allocation of resources. In this work a variation of CE discipline by applyingAgilemethodologies (in which the aspect of task prioritization is essential), is proposed.Agilemethodologies allow the proper distribution of the design effort depending on the project priorities, the state of the design and the requirements, in a continuous process to improve the design solution. The general aspects of the proposed method are presented and applied to the design of a space mission, the results being analysed and compared with to the classical CE process in order to outline its differences and similarities with CE andAgilemethodologies and show its potential for a new environment for space project design.
Approximation Theorems for the Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Vortex Reconnection
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta-Salas Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove the existence of smooth solutions to the Gross–Pitaevskii equation on $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

that feature arbitrarily complex quantum vortex reconnections. We can track the evolution of the vortices during the whole process. This permits to describe the reconnection events in detail and verify that this scenario exhibits the properties observed in experiments and numerics, such as the $$t^{1/2}$$

t

1
/
2

and change of parity laws. We are mostly interested in solutions tending to 1 at infinity, which have finite Ginzburg–Landau energy and physically correspond to the presence of a background chemical potential, but we also consider the cases of Schwartz initial data and of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation on the torus. In the proof, the Gross–Pitaevskii equation operates in a nearly linear regime, so the result applies to a wide range of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Indeed, an essential ingredient in the proofs is the development of novel global approximation theorems for the Schrödinger equation on $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

. Specifically, we prove a qualitative approximation result that applies for solutions defined on very general spacetime sets and also a quantitative result for solutions on product sets in spacetime $$D\times \mathbb {R}$$

D
×
R

. This hinges on frequency-dependent estimates for the Helmholtz–Yukawa equation that are of independent interest.
Liver Transplantation for Non‐Resectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Varley Rebecca , Tarazi Munir , Davé Madhav , Mobarak Shahd , Stott Martyn C. , Baltatzis Minas , Satyadas Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundsColorectal liver metastases were historically considered a contraindication to liver transplantation, but dismal outcomes for those with metastatic colorectal cancer and advancements in liver transplantation (LT) have led to a renewed interest in the topic. We aim to compare the current evidence for liver transplantation for non‐resectable colorectal liver metastases (NRCLM) with the current standard treatment of palliative chemotherapy.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of proportions was conducted following screening of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and CENTRAL for studies reporting liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases. Post‐operative outcomes measured included one‐, three‐ and five‐year survival, overall survival, disease‐free survival and complication rate.ResultsThree non‐randomised studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 48 patients receiving LT for NRCLM. Survival at one‐, three‐ and five‐years was 83.3–100%, 58.3–80% and 50–80%, respectively, with no significant difference detected (p = 0.22, p = 0.48, p = 0.26). Disease‐free survival was 35–56% with the most common site of recurrence being lung. Thirteen out of fourteen deaths were due to disease recurrence.ConclusionAlthough current evidence suggests a survival benefit conferred by LT in NRCLM compared to palliative chemotherapy, the ethical implications of organ availability and allocation demand rigorous justification. Concomitant improvements in the management of patients following liver resection and of palliative chemotherapy regimens is paramount.
The effects of long-term moderate exercise and Western-type diet on oxidative/nitrosative stress, serum lipids and cytokines in female Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Semeraro Maria Donatella , Almer Gunter , Kaiser Melanie , Zelzer Sieglinde , Meinitzer Andreas , Scharnagl Hubert , Sedej Simon , Gruber Hans-Jürgen , Herrmann Markus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Regular exercise reduces obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, health-promoting benefits of physical activity are commonly associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we tested whether constant moderate exercise is able to prevent or attenuate the oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and serum lipids in lean and obese rats.

Methods
Four-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats received standard or a high-fat diet. Animals were subjected to a physical activity protocol, consisting of 30 min forced treadmill exercise for 5 consecutive days per week during 10 months. Baseline and sedentary (non-exercised) rats were used as controls. Lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide metabolites, and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were measured in blood collected upon euthanasia.

Results
At variance to young baseline control rats, 14-month-old animals fed normal diet had increased plasma lipid levels, including total cholesterol and triglycerides, which were further elevated in rats that consumed a high-fat diet. While treadmill exercise did not lower the amount of serum lipids in standard diet group, forced physical activity reduced non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in response to high-fat diet feeding. Exercised rats fed standard diet or high-fat diet had lower abundancy of nitric oxide metabolites, which coincided with increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Accordingly, the amount of nitric oxide metabolites correlated inversely with oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and homo-arginine. Exercise significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines in high-fat diet fed rats only.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that regular exercise alters the equilibrium between oxidative and anti-oxidative compounds and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Accelerating Mountain Forest Dynamics in the Alps
Authors: Thom Dominik , Seidl Rupert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change alters forest development pathways, with consequences for ecosystem services and biodiversity. As the rate of warming increases, ecosystem change is expected to accelerate. However, ecosystem dynamics can have many causes unrelated to climate (for example, disturbance and stand development legacies). The compound effects of multiple drivers remain largely unclear. Here, we assessed forest dynamics over 28 years at Berchtesgaden National Park (BGNP), Germany, quantifying the spatiotemporal patterns and unraveling the drivers of forest change. We analyzed high-density forest inventory data, consisting of three consecutive censuses of 3759 permanent sample plots (132,866 tree records in total). We used semi-variograms to analyze spatial patterns of change, and boosted regression trees to quantify the effect of 30 covariates on changes in nine indicators of forest structure and composition. Over the 28 years investigated, the forests of BGNP were becoming denser, structurally more complex, and more species rich. Changes in forest structure were more pronounced and spatially correlated on the landscape than changes in tree species composition. Change rates of all indicators increased over time, signifying an acceleration of forest dynamics since the 1980s. Legacies and climate were the most important drivers of change, but had diverging impacts. Although forest change accelerated with increasing temperature, high legacy levels typical for late development stages dampened it. We here provide evidence for accelerating forest dynamics in mountain forests of the Alps, with potentially far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem processes. We highlight that unmanaged forest development toward old-growth conditions could counteract climate-mediated acceleration of forest change.