bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the magnitude of oral health inequality over time in Canada and the United States
Authors: Chari Malini , Ravaghi Vahid , Sabbah Wael , Gomaa Noha , Singhal Sonica , Quiñonez Carlos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of, and changes in, absolute and relative oral health inequality in Canada and the United States, from the 1970s till the first decade of the new millennium.MethodsData were obtained from four national surveys; two Canadian (NCNS 1970–1972 and CHMS 2007–2009) and two American (HANES 1971–1974 and NHANES 2007–2008). The slope and relative index of inequality were used to measure absolute and relative inequality, respectively. Percentage change in inequality was also calculated.ResultsRelative inequality for untreated decay increased by 91% in Canada and 189% in the United States, while for filled teeth it declined by 63% in Canada and 16% in the United States. Relative inequality in edentulism rose by 200% and 78% in Canada and United States, respectively. Absolute inequality declined in both countries.ConclusionsThere was persistent absolute and relative inequality in Canada and the United States. An increase in relative inequality for adverse outcomes suggests that improvements in oral health were occurring primarily among the rich, while reductions in relative inequality for filled teeth indicate higher utilization of restorative services among the poor. These results point to the necessity of tackling the sociopolitical determinants of health to mitigate oral health inequality in Canada and the United States.
Toxicity, outcome, and management of anthracycline overdoses in 16 dogs
Authors: Lawson Haylie C. , Musser Margaret L. , Regan Rebecca , Moore Antony S. , Hohenhaus Ann , Flesner Brian , Johannes Chad M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite multiple reports of chemotherapy overdoses (ODs) in human and veterinary medicine, anthracycline ODs have been described infrequently.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe toxicities, treatments, and overall outcome after anthracycline OD in dogs.AnimalsTwelve mitoxantrone (MTX) and 4 doxorubicin (DOX) ODs were evaluated.MethodsMulticenter retrospective analysis. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine oncology and internal medicine listservs were solicited for cases in which a chemotherapy OD occurred.ResultsSixteen anthracycline cases were collected. Anthracycline ODs occurred because of an error in chemotherapy preparation (n = 9), or dose miscalculation (n = 7). The overall median OD was 1.9× (range, 1.4‐10×) the prescribed amount. Most ODs were identified immediately after drug administration (n = 11), and the majority of patients were hospitalized on supportive care (n = 11) for an average of 8 days (range, 3‐34 days). Adverse events after the OD included neutropenia (94%), thrombocytopenia (88%), anemia (63%), diarrhea (63%), anorexia (56%), vomiting (38%), lethargy (31%), and nausea (25%). Two patients did not survive the OD. High grade neutropenia was common and did not appear to be mitigated by the administration of filgrastim.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAll patients received supportive care after identifying the OD and death was uncommon. Further evaluation is needed to determine ideal therapeutic guidelines anthracycline OD.
Promoting self‐employment: Does it create more employment and business activity?
Authors: Cette Gilbert , Lopez Jimmy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe assess the economic impact of reforms promoting self‐employment in the countries that have implemented such reforms since the early 2000s: the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France. To that end, we use a difference‐in‐differences approach on a cross‐country–industry panel database. Our results suggest that the reforms have raised the number of self‐employed workers, but mostly through a substitution effect between the self‐employed and employees, and not through a supply effect or a substitution effect with informal activities. This means that these reforms could have failed to achieve their main objectives.
Pattern of progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for second‐line clinical trials
Authors: Tovoli Francesco , Garajová Ingrid , Gelsomino Fabio , Iavarone Massimo , Federico Piera , Salati Massimiliano , Corianò Matilde , Caputo Francesco , De Lorenzo Stefania , Granito Alessandro , Renzulli Matteo , Daniele Bruno , Piscaglia Fabio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most frequent liver cancer. The overall survival of iCCA and other biliary tract cancers (BTC) remains poor. Recently, the ABC‐06 trial reported the superiority of FOLFOX vs clinical observation as a second‐line treatment. Still, the survival benefit was less than expected. We hypothesized that the pattern of progression of iCCA can drive post‐progression survival (PPS), similar to hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsMulticentre retrospective evaluation of consecutive iCCA patients who progressed after frontline systemic treatment with gemcitabine as monotherapy or in combination with platinum. Radiological assessment of progression was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1. The progression pattern was divided according to the presence/absence of new extrahepatic lesions (NEH).ResultsWe included 206 patients from 5 centres. The median OS was 14.1 months and its independent predictors (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) were previous surgery 0.699 [0.509‐0.961], performance status >2.445 [1.788‐3.344], permanent first‐line discontinuation 16.072 [5.102‐50.633], registration of ascites 2.226 [1.448‐3.420] or bilirubin >3 mg/dl 3.004 [1.935‐4.664] during the follow‐up, and disease progression 2.523 [1.261‐5.050]. The appearance of NEH independently predicted OS 2.18 [1.55‐3.06] in patients with radiological progression. Amongst 138 patients eligible for second‐line treatment, PPS was 16.8 and 5.9 months in cases without and with NEH, respectively (P = .001). Progression owing to NEH lesions was an independent predictor of PPS 1.873 [1.333‐2.662], together with performance status, time to progression to the frontline treatment, bilirubin >3 mg/dl and ascites.ConclusionsPPS of iCCA is influenced by progression pattern, with important implications for second‐line trial design and analysis.
Extraterrestrial dust as a source of bioavailable iron contributing to the ocean for driving primary productivity
Authors: Rudraswami N. G. , Pandey M. , Genge M. J. , Fernandes D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBioavailable Fe is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton that enables the organisms to flourish and draw down atmospheric CO2 thus affecting global climatic conditions. In marine locales, remote from the continents, extraterrestrial dust provides an important source of Fe and thus moderates primary productivity. Here, we provide constraints on partitioning of extraterrestrial Fe between seawater and sediments from the observations of dissolution and the alteration of cosmic spherules recovered from deep‐sea sediments and Antarctica. Of the ∼3000–14,000 t a−1 extraterrestrial dust that reaches Earth's surface, ∼2–5% material falling in the oceans survives in marine sediments while the remainder is liberated into seawater. Both processes contribute ∼(3–10) × 10−8 mol Fe m−2 yr−1. The Fe contribution of surviving particles due to etching is estimated to be ∼10% of Fe contribution of meteoric smoke. Changes in extraterrestrial dust flux over geological time scales not only vary Fe delivery to the oceans by up to three orders of magnitude but also the partitioning of Fe between surface and abyssal waters depending on entry velocity and evaporation.
Artificial resting sites: An alternative sampling method for adult mosquitoes
Authors: Jaworski Linda , Sauer Felix , Jansen Stephanie , Tannich Egbert , Schmidt‐Chanasit Jonas , Kiel Ellen , Lühken Renke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMosquito collections are commonly conducted with baited traps predominantly attracting host‐seeking females. In contrast, resting sites are generally colonized by a broader range of the mosquito population, including a higher proportion of males and blood‐engorged females. This study evaluates the sampling success of different artificial resting sites, attached to a deciduous or coniferous tree at different heights. As standard sampling method, carbon dioxide‐baited Biogents Sentinel traps (BG traps) were operated in parallel. BG traps caught a higher number of specimens compared to the resting sites. However, the proportion of blood‐engorged females and males was higher in resting sites. MoreCulisetaspp. specimens were collected in resting sites compared to BG traps, but lessAedesspp. specimens. In general, fewer specimens and species were recorded in small resting sites and at top height level compared to medium or large resting sites at medium or ground level. The proportion of males was highest at the ground, while the proportion of engorged females was highest at medium and top level. Due to the higher proportion of blood‐engorged females, artificial resting sites are especially useful for studies of host‐feeding patterns or xenosurveillance. Low costs and efforts allow a cost‐effective increase of the number of resting sites per sampling site to collect more mosquitoes.
“All the nightmare images of ethnic conflict in the twentieth century are here”: Erroneous statistical proofs and the search for ethnic violence in revolutionary Ireland, 1917–1923
Authors: Regan John M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the 1990s, Canadian historian Peter Hart claimed tens of thousands of native southern Irish Protestants experienced something akin to “ethnic cleansing” at the hands of the IRA in the early 1920s. Hart's research revised the “Irish nationalist revolution” (ca. 1917–1923) as an essentially ethnic conflict, and this article re‐examines his evidence and methodology. Exaggerating the number of forced migrations, Hart's analysis rests on erroneous statistical proofs which he supported with a gross evidence selection bias. To better understand Hart's revision, his work is compared with Michael A. Bellesiles' Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture (2000), which also exhibited similar but also very different statistical errors. A central argument in this article is that erroneous statistical proofs are best understood as social constructs, where they articulate the prejudices of their host academies. Greater awareness of this problem is needed if it is to be avoided in the future.
Influence of abstinence on automatic detection bias to gaming cues in individuals with Internet gaming disorder: Evidence from visual mismatch negativity
Authors: Zheng Yang , He Jinbo , Nie Yufeng , Fan Liyan , Zhang Jintao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInternet gaming disorder (IGD) has been classified by the DSM‐5 as a condition for further study, and many studies have shown that the occurrence and maintenance of IGD and the automatic detection bias to gaming cues of individuals with IGD may be significantly related. However, whether abstinence, a common intervention method in behavioral addiction, can adjust the automatic detection bias in individuals with IGD and its underlying neural mechanisms is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of 7 days of abstinence from gaming on automatic detection bias, negative affect and craving in individuals with IGD with event‐related potential technology. A total of 50 IGD subjects were recruited in this study and randomly divided into abstinence and control groups. Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) was induced using a standard‐deviant reversed oddball paradigm, and differences in automatic detection bias, negative affect, and craving between the two groups were recorded and compared at baseline, day 3, and day 7. The results showed that compared with baseline, vMMN, negative affect and craving were significantly enhanced on day 3 and significantly diminished on day 7 in the abstinence group but not in the control group, and the changes in vMMN were significantly correlated with changes in negative affect and craving in both groups. This study demonstrates that abstinence can restore automatic detection bias in individuals with IGD and that abstinence has to last for 7 days to have a significant effect, while recovery may be related to the negative affect and craving.
Comparison of the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID‐19 vaccines in Hong Kong
Authors: Mok Chris Ka Pun , Cohen Carolyn A. , Cheng Samuel M. S. , Chen Chunke , Kwok Kin‐On , Yiu Karen , Chan Tat‐On , Bull Maireid , Ling Kwun Cheung , Dai Zixi , Ng Susanna S. , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Wu Chao , Amarasinghe Gaya K. , Leung Daisy W. , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Peiris Malik , Hui David S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveFew head‐to‐head evaluations of immune responses to different vaccines have been reported.MethodsSurrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) antibody levels of adults receiving either two doses of BNT162b2 (n = 366) or CoronaVac (n = 360) vaccines in Hong Kong were determined. An age‐matched subgroup (BNT162b2 [n = 49] vs. CoronaVac [n = 49]) was tested for plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) and spike‐binding antibody and T‐cell reactivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsOne month after the second dose of vaccine, BNT162b2 elicited significantly higher PRNT50, PRNT90, sVNT, spike receptor binding, spike N‐terminal domain binding, spike S2 domain binding, spike FcR binding and antibody avidity levels than CoronaVac. The geometric mean PRNT50 titres in those vaccinated with BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines were 251.6 and 69.45, while PRNT90 titres were 98.91 and 16.57, respectively. All of those vaccinated with BNT162b2 and 45 (91.8%) of 49 vaccinated with CoronaVac achieved the 50% protection threshold for PRNT90. Allowing for an expected seven‐fold waning of antibody titres over 6 months for those receiving CoronaVac, only 16.3% would meet the 50% protection threshold versus 79.6% of BNT162b2 vaccinees. Age was negatively correlated with PRNT90 antibody titres. Both vaccines induced SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses at 1 month post‐vaccination but CoronaVac elicited significantly higher structural protein‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses.ConclusionVaccination with BNT162b2 induces stronger humoral responses than CoronaVac. CoronaVac induces higher CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses to the structural protein than BNT162b2.
A replication study of moral hazard in bodily injury liability auto insurance claims filing decisions
Authors: Kerr Dana A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCummins and Tennyson identified the presence of moral hazard in bodily injury liability auto insurance claims by adding to their model a survey response variable indicating attitudes towards dishonest behavior. The attitudinal variable was a proxy for the psychic costs a claimant considers when deciding whether to file a fraudulent insurance claim. Cummins and Tennyson found a significant relationship between the acceptance of fraudulent behaviors and the frequency of bodily injury liability auto insurance claims. This paper is a conceptual replication of the Cummins and Tennyson study utilizing a different set of data that allows for a more direct measure of the decision to file a claim and a different research methodology more appropriate for the new data. The results largely support the original results found by Cummins and Tennyson except the variable used to account for the psychic costs of initiating a fraudulent claim is not significant across all versions of the variable as indicated by the original research.
Unexpected Partitive Articles in Francoprovençal*
Authors: Stark Elisabeth , Davatz Jan Pavel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis contribution seeks to add to our knowledge on ‘partitive articles’ (like the French elementduinJe bois du vin, ‘I drink (some) wine’) in a highly endangered language spoken in France, Switzerland and Italy, namely Francoprovençal. Based on recent fieldwork data (2017) from the Aosta Valley and data from the ALAVAL atlas project, we will discuss outliers in a geographical and syntactic perspective, i.e. occurrences of ‘partitive articles’ where they should not appear. This either because the regions and their respective varieties do not feature them according to the existing literature or because syntactic regularities known from Standard French do not admit them (under the scope of negation and after quantifying expressions). We will try to propose some explanations for the existence of these unexpected elements, both internal and external, i.e. via language contact, and argue more generally in favour of a more systematic consideration of rare elements in fieldwork data, which should not too readily be “explained away”.
On What Ground Do Thin Objects Exist? In Search of the Cognitive Foundation of Number Concepts
Authors: Pantsar Markus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLinnebo in 2018 argues that abstract objects like numbers are “thin” because they are only required to be referents of singular terms in abstraction principles, such as Hume's principle. As the specification of existence claims made by analytic truths (the abstraction principles), their existence does not make any substantial demands of the world; however, as Linnebo notes, there is a potential counter‐argument concerning infinite regress against introducing objects this way. Against this, he argues that vicious regress is avoided in the account of arithmetic based on Hume's principle because we are specifying numbers in terms of the concept of equinumerosity, or its ordinal equivalent. But far from being only a matter for philosophy, this implies a distinct empirical prediction: in cognitive development, the principle of equinumerosity is primary to number concepts. However, by analysing and expanding on the bootstrapping theory of Carey in 2009, I argue in this paper that there are good reasons to think that the development could be the other way around: possessing numerosity concepts may precede grasping the principle of equinumerosity. I propose that this analysis of early numerical cognition can also help us understand what numbers as thin objects are like, moving away from Platonist interpretations.
Ectopic cilia in 112 dogs: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Dulaurent Thomas , Dulaurent Anne‐Maïmiti , Mathieson Iona , Michel Julien , Medan Sylvain , Barbry Jean‐Baptiste , Poinsard Anne‐Sophie , Balland Olivier , Mias Guillaume‐Pierre , Charron Julien , Barbe Charlotte , Goulle Frédéric , Cazalot Guillaume , Crémoux Matthieu , Cassagnes Charles , Isard Pierre‐François , Douet Jean‐Yves 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to review the clinical data and outcomes of patients that suffered ectopic cilium (EC).Animals studiedOne hundred and twelve dogs from multiple private practices in France, with a clinical diagnosis of EC were included in the study.ResultsThe mean age of affected dogs was 2.3 years. There were 64 females and 48 males. The most represented breeds were the Shi Tzu, the French Bulldog, the English Bulldog and the Chihuahua. Eleven dogs were affected bilaterally. The upper eyelid was implicated in 93.5% of the cases, with the median portion being the most affected. No statistical difference was observed between the right and the left eye. EC were associated with distichiasis in 50% of the cases. Pigmentation of the conjunctiva at the point of exit of the EC was present in 58% of the cases. EC were short in 75% and long in 25% of the cases. Corneal complications were statistically associated with short EC. The corneal lesions associated with EC were keratitis (94%), corneal granuloma (0.8%), corneal fibrosis (2.7%), corneal degeneration (0.8%), superficial corneal ulcer (68.7%), deep corneal ulcer (8%) and perforating corneal ulcer (0.8%). The surgeries which consisted of the removal of the hair follicle was successful in 88.4% of the cases.ConclusionEC is a rare condition which can be treated successfully by the removal of the hair follicles. It must be suspected in cases of corneal lesions unresponsive to medical treatment.
Subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation: Cervical locked facet injuries in dogs
Authors: Woelfel Christian W. , Bray Katherine Y. , Early Peter J. , Mariani Christopher L. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe neurologic signs, diagnostic imaging findings, potential treatments, and outcomes in dogs with subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation, or a “locked facet.”Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsTen client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs with a diagnosis of cervical locked facets were identified through medical records and imaging reports searches. Data on presenting signs, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome were recorded.ResultsAll cases were small or toy‐breed dogs with preceding trauma. Four dogs were tetraplegic with intact pain perception, five were nonambulatory tetraparetic, and one was ambulatory tetraparetic, with half of the tetraparetic dogs having worse motor function in the thoracic limbs. The only sites affected were C5/6 (n = 6) and C6/7 (n = 4). All dogs had unilateral dorsal displacement of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra relative to the caudal articular process of the cranial vertebra at the luxation site. Five dogs were treated surgically, three by external coaptation, one by restriction, and one was euthanized the day after diagnosis. All dogs with outcome data (n = 8) became ambulatory. Nonambulatory dogs returned to ambulation in a median of 4 weeks (IQR 1‐12; range 1‐28).ConclusionIn these dogs, locked facet injuries affected the caudal cervical vertebrae in small breeds and could be identified on imaging through the presence of dorsal displacement of a cranial articular process. Our small cohort had a functional recovery regardless of treatment.Clinical signiicanceLocked facet injuries should be a differential for small or toy‐breed dogs with a cervical myelopathy secondary to trauma.