bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric resident knowledge of transfusion medicine: Results from the BEST‐TEST3 international education needs assessment
Authors: Wheeler Allison P. , Delaney Meghan , Fung Mark , Gorlin Jed , Kutner Jose Mauro , Lam Joyce Ching Mei , Robitaille Nancy , Saxon Ben , Stanworth Simon J. , Van De Watering Leo , Yokoyama Ana P. H. , Haspel Richard L. ,   for the BEST‐TEST3 Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransfusions are a common intervention within pediatrics and require unique considerations to optimize patient care. Poor knowledge of evidence‐based transfusion practice can lead to misuse of transfusion therapy and harm. While there have been assessments of transfusion medicine knowledge of physicians caring for adult patients, there is little data regarding pediatricians.Study Design and MethodsUsing a published transfusion medicine knowledge exam for internal medicine physicians as a backbone, pediatric transfusion medicine experts, using an iterative process, developed a pediatric‐specific examination. Pilot testing and Rasch analysis, a method used in high‐stakes testing, was used to validate the exam. The exam and a previously validated survey on transfusion medicine training, attitudes, and perceived ability were administered to pediatric residents. Analysis consisted of descriptive statistics as well as comparisons of exam scores based on survey responses.Results330 pediatric residents from 19 sites in 6 countries participated in the study. The vast majority (91%) of residents had obtained blood product consent. The mean exam score was 37.1% (range 9.5%–71.4%) with no statistical differences based on amount or perceived quality of transfusion medicine education or perceived ability.DiscussionA rigorously validated exam has now been developed that can be used to assess pediatric transfusion medicine knowledge. A large international group of pediatric residents performed poorly on the exam demonstrating a pressing need for improved transfusion medicine education to ensure safe and appropriate administration of blood components to infants and children.
Strategies and interventions that foster clinical leadership among registered nurses: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Isler Chantille , Maddigan Joy , Small Sandra , Jarvis Kimberly , Swab Michelle 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe strategies and interventions aimed at fostering registered nurses’ clinical leadership in any clinical setting, identify the theories and/or frameworks that guide registered nurses’ clinical leadership development, and describe the types of research conducted on this topic.

Introduction:
Registered nurse clinical leaders may be defined as staff nurses in clinical settings who influence and coordinate patients, families, and health care team members for the purpose of integrating care for positive patient outcomes. They have been described as expert clinicians, effective decision-makers, and relationship-focused professionals who build trust among patients, families, and health care colleagues to ensure the best possible patient care. Clinical nursing is the cornerstone of the nursing profession. Registered nurses’ clinical leadership is considered critical to the health of patients and to the advancement of nursing practice. Hence, it is important to understand strategies and interventions for fostering this leadership.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will include any quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies that have registered nurse participants practicing in any clinical setting globally and that examined strategies and interventions to foster registered nurses’ clinical leadership. Besides primary research studies, we will also include reviews.

Methods:
This scoping review will be conducted using JBI methodology. Academic databases and sources of gray literature will be searched for published and unpublished studies. Screening and full-text review of accessed records will be conducted to determine alignment with the inclusion criteria. For records that meet the inclusion criteria, data will be extracted, mapped, and presented in a table. A narrative summary will describe how the tabulated results addressed the review questions.

Scoping review registration:
Open Science Framework Registration: https://osf.io/hjfkd
Effectiveness and safety of glibenclamide for stroke: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Lihong , Huang Bin , Tu Rong , Wan Kunzhen , Zhang Hong , Zhang Xiaoyun 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionDespite the continuous improvement in modern medical treatment, stroke is still a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. How to effectively improve the survival rate and reduce disability in patients who had a stroke has become the focus of many investigations. Recent findings concerning the benefits of glibenclamide as a neuroprotective drug have initiated a new area for prospective studies on the effects of sulfonylureas. Given the high mortality and disability associated with stroke, it is essential to weigh the benefits of neuroprotective drugs against their safety. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to conduct a systematic review using meta-analysis to assess the benefits and safety of glibenclamide as a neuroprotective drug.Methods and analysisThis study will analyse randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies published up to 31 December 2020 and include direct or indirect evidence. Studies will be retrieved by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang Databases. The outcomes of this study will be mortality, scores from the Modified Rankin Scale and the occurrence of hypoglycaemic events. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment instrument for RCTs. A random-effect/fixed-effect model will be used to summarise the estimates of the mean difference/risk ratio using a 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationThis meta-analysis is a secondary research project, which is based on previously published data. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this meta-analysis. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020144674.
Opioid maintenance treatment in the Czech Republic, Norway and Denmark: a study protocol of a comparative registry linkage study
Authors: Gabrhelík Roman , Handal Marte , Mravčík Viktor , Nechanská Blanka , Tjagvad Christian , Thylstrup Birgitte , Hesse Morten , Minařík Jakub , Jarkovský Jiří , Bukten Anne , Clausen Thomas , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionOpioid maintenance treatment (OMT) varies across settings and between countries. We plan to use data from several nationwide health and population registers to further improve the knowledge base established from earlier studies. Our aim is to study OMT adherence trajectories and to identify factors associated with improved outcomes for OMT patients across the Czech Republic, Norway and Denmark, in order to further improve OMT and our understanding of the key elements of treatment success.Methods and analysisThe registry-based cohort approach across the three countries allows us to link data from a range of registers on the individual level, by using personal identifiers in nationwide cohorts of OMT and non-OMT patients and the general non-using populations. A total of ~21 500 OMT patients over the last two decades in all three countries will be included in the study. The following outcome variables (based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes) will be obtained from relevant registers: treatment adherence to OMT, comorbidity (somatic and mental health), and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Outcomes of the country-specific analyses will be pooled.Ethics and disseminationThe national OMT cohorts have been approved by the ethics committees in the respective countries. Data will be stored according to national and local guidelines and treated confidentially, and all data will be analysed separately for each country and compared across countries. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals, national and international conferences, and in briefings to inform clinical decision-making.
Relative selenium insufficiency is a risk factor for developing severe Graves’ orbitopathy: a case–control study
Authors: Lumyongsatien Mingkwan , Bhaktikamala Unnkade , Thongtong Pennung , Sintuwong Sunisa , Nimitwongsakul Ornvenus , Kanokkantapong Jugchawin , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: May 2021

Background/aimsSelenium (Se), an antioxidant agent, is effective in preventing mild Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) deterioration. However, the significant risk of low serum Se concentration for GO progression has not been identified. Here, we aimed to investigate the risk of relative Se insufficiency and to identify its optimal cut-off value in the development of disease severity in patients with GO.MethodsSerum Se levels were prospectively measured in 100 consecutive patients with GO. The patients were classified into groups with mild and severe GO (logistic regression analysis outcome). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the minimum p value corresponding to χ2statistics were analysed to select the optimal cut-off Se level for the diagnosis of severe orbitopathy.ResultsThirty-two patients (32%) had mild GO and 68 (68%) had severe GO. The ROC revealed a cut-off Se level of 93 µg/L. Se levels ≤93 µg/L were observed in 48.5% and 12.5% of the patients in the severe and mild (p<0.001) groups, respectively. The risk estimate (OR) for an Se level ≤93 µg/L was 8.14 (95% CI 2.39 to 27.75). It remained a significant risk factor after adjusting for age, sex, thyroid status, smoking status, thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine.ConclusionRelative Se insufficiency (≤93 µg/L) is a potential risk factor for severe GO development. An evaluation of Se status is recommended in patients with GO for predicting disease progression and guiding supplementation therapy.
High physical work demands have worse consequences for older workers: prospective study of long-term sickness absence among 69 117 employees
Authors: Andersen Lars Louis , Pedersen Jacob , Sundstrup Emil , Thorsen Sannie Vester , Rugulies Reiner 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study investigates the role of age for the prospective association between physical work demands and long-term sickness absence (LTSA).MethodsWe followed 69 117 employees of the general working population (Work Environment and Health in Denmark study 2012–2018), without LTSA during the past 52 weeks preceding initial interview, for up to 2 years in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalisation. Self-reported physical work demands were based on a combined ergonomic index including seven different types of exposure during the working day. Using weighted Cox regression analyses controlling for years of age, gender, survey year, education, lifestyle, depressive symptoms and psychosocial work factors, we determined the interaction of age with physical work demands for the risk of LTSA.ResultsDuring follow-up, 8.4% of the participants developed LTSA. Age and physical work demands interacted (p<0.01). In the fully adjusted model, very high physical work demands were associated with LTSA with HRs of 1.18 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.50), 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75) and 2.09 (95% CI 1.81 to 2.41) for 20, 40 and 60 years old (point estimates), respectively. Results remained robust in subgroup analyses including only skilled and unskilled workers and stratified for gender.ConclusionThe health consequences of high physical work demands increase with age. Workplaces should consider adapting physical work demands to the capacity of workers in different age groups.
Introducing RGBeta: a Mathematica package for the evaluation of renormalization group $$ \beta $$-functions
Authors: Thomsen Anders Eller 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn completely generic four-dimensional gauge-Yukawa theories, the renormalization group $$ \beta $$
β
-functions are known to the 3–2–2 loop order in gauge, Yukawa, and quartic couplings, respectively. It does, however, remain difficult to apply these results to realistic models without the use of dedicated computer tools. We describe a procedure for extracting $$ \beta $$
β
-functions using the general results and introduce , a dedicated Mathematica package for extracting the $$ \overline{\text {MS}} $$

MS
¯

$$ \beta $$
β
-functions in broad classes of models. The package and example notebooks are available from the GitHub repository.
Combinatorial primality test
Authors: Valluri Maheswara Rao 
Published: May 2021

In 1879, Laisant-Beaujeux gave the following result without proof: If n is a prime, then
[EQUATION]
This paper provides proofs of the result of Laisant-Beaujeux in two cases explicitly: (1) If an integer of the form n = 4k + 1, k > 0 is prime, then ([EQUATION]) and (2) If an integer of the form n = 4k + 3, k ≥ 0 is prime, then [EQUATION]. In addition, the author proposes important conjectures based on the converse of the above theorems which aim to establish primality of n. These conjectures are scrutinized by the given combinatorial primality test algorithm which can also distinguish patterns of prime n whether it is of the form 4k + 1 or 4k + 3.
Cerebral Microbleeds
Authors: Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lesnick Timothy , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Przybelski Scott A. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Preboske Gregory M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Lowe Val J. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Kremers Walter K. , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Kantarci Kejal 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are represented by small areas of hemosiderin deposition, detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and found in ≈23% of the cognitively normal population over age of 60 years. CMBs predict risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. They correlate with increased cardiovascular mortality. In this article, we sought to determine in a population-based study whether antithrombotic medications correlate with CMBs and, if present, whether the association was direct or mediated by another variable.

Methods:
The study consisted of 1253 participants from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who underwent T2* gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging. We tested the relationship between antithrombotic medications and CMB presence and location, using multivariable logistic-regression models. Ordinal logistic models tested the relationship between antithrombotics and CMB frequency. Using structural equation models, we assessed the effect of antithrombotic medications on presence/absence of CMBs and count of CMBs in the CMB-positive group, after considering the effects of age, sex, vascular risk factors, amyloid load by positron emission tomography, and apoE.

Results:
Two hundred ninety-five participants (26.3%) had CMBs. Among 678 participants taking only antiplatelet medications, 185 (27.3%) had CMBs. Among 95 participants taking only an anticoagulant, 43 (45.3%) had CMBs. Among 44 participants taking an anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, 21 (48.8%) had CMBs. Anticoagulants correlated with the presence and frequency of CMBs, whereas antiplatelet agents were not. Structural equation models showed that predictors for presence/absence of CMBs included older age at magnetic resonance imaging, male sex, and anticoagulant use. Predictors of CMB count in the CMB-positive group were male sex and amyloid load.

Conclusions:
Anticoagulant use correlated with presence of CMBs in the general population. Amyloid positron emission tomography correlated with the count of CMBs in the CMB-positive group.
Status Distinctions and Sartorial Difference: Slavery, Sexual Ethics, and the Social Logic of Veiling in Islamic Law
Authors: Anchassi Omar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores how jurists articulated the distinction between free and enslaved Muslim women through sartorial norms in the formative and early post-formative periods of Islamic law. Drawing on works of fiqh (positive law), tafsīr (Qurʾān commentary) and ḥadīth (Prophetic and non-Prophetic reports), I posit that this distinction attests to the tensions between “proprietary” and “theocentric” sexual ethics, as noted by Hina Azam. Specifically, I track the variant transmissions of a widely-cited report featuring the Caliph ʿUmar (r. 13–23/634–44), and trace how jurists responded to the free-slave binary in their discussion of “modesty zones” (ʿawrāt) and veiling practices. Based on a detailed examination of fiqh sources to the early fifth Islamic century (with some attention to subsequent material), I argue that Islamic modesty norms are best understood in light of the proprietary/theocentric binary, and that the divergence between juristic expectations of free and enslaved women increased in the post-formative period.
Between Arabic and Persian Traditions
Authors: Hämeen-Anttila Jaakko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article analyses the ways Ḥamīd al-Dīn Balḫī (d. 559/1164) adopted and adapted the technique of earlier Arabic authors, most notably al-Ḥarīrī (d. 516/1122), in his Persian maqāmas. It also emends the traditional dating of his maqāma collection.
“Each Nail a Jail”
Authors: Shmookler Max 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Kitāb al-Masāmīr or The Book of Nails is a collection of nine maqāmāt written in late 1893 or early 1894 by the Alexandrian litterateur ʿAbdallāh al-Nadīm (d. 1896). It is al-Nadīm’s last work, composed in Istanbul, where the author lived out his final years in exile. Bringing together literary style, political rhetoric, and obscene imagery, al-Nadīm wrote Kitāb al-Masāmīr to defend his former teacher and fellow exile, Ǧamāl al-Dīn al-Afġānī (1838–1897), against the machinations of Abū l-Hudā al-Ṣayyādī (1849–1909), the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II’s most powerful Arab advisor. To do so, al-Nadīm employed key formal features of the maqāma genre to critique the corruption of the Ottoman state in his own time. The contemporaneity of the critique, and the fact that it is expressed through manipulations of literary form, invites a re-evaluation of the common assertion that maqāmāt composed in the modern period are artificial, imitative, and disconnected from contemporary societal concerns. In place of such an approach, this article turns to close readings of key characters, stylistic elements, and narrative scenes to suggest ways to read the manipulation of literary form as an integral aspect of the genre’s deep engagement with its contemporary world.
The Fragility of Statistical Significance in Cartilage Restoration of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Constant Michael , Saltzman Bryan M. , Popkin Charles A. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Li Xinning , Trofa David P. 
Published: May 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to utilize fragility analysis to assess the robustness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the management of articular cartilage defects of the knee. We hypothesize that the cartilage restorative literature will be fragile with the reversal of only a few outcome events required to change statistical significance. Design RCTs from 11 orthopedic journals indexed on PubMed from 2000 to 2020 reporting dichotomous outcome measures relating to the management of articular cartilage defects of the knee were included. The Fragility Index (FI) for each outcome was calculated through the iterative reversal of a single outcome event until significance was reversed. The Fragility Quotient (FQ) was calculated by dividing each FI by study sample size. Additional statistical analysis was performed to provide median FI and FQ across subgroups. Results Nineteen RCTs containing 60 dichotomous outcomes were included for analysis. The FI and FQ of all outcomes was 4 (IQR 2-7) and 0.067 (IQR 0.034-0.096), respectively. The average number of patients lost to follow-up (LTF) was 3.9 patients with 15.8% of the included studies reporting LTF greater than or equal to 4, the FI of all included outcomes. Conclusions The orthopedic literature evaluating articular cartilage defects of the knee is fragile as the reversal of relatively few outcome events may alter the significance of statistical findings. We therefore recommend comprehensive fragility analysis and triple reporting of the P value, FI, and FQ to aid in the interpretation and contextualization of clinical findings reported in the cartilage restoration literature.
Correlation of Ultrasound Findings With Clinical Stages and Impairment in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
Authors: Do Jong Geol , Hwang Jin Tae , Yoon Kyung Jae , Lee Yong-Taek 
Published: May 2021

Background: Ultrasound is an essential tool for diagnosing shoulder disorders. However, the role of ultrasound in assessing and diagnosing adhesive capsulitis has not been fully studied. Purpose: To evaluate the ultrasound features of adhesive capsulitis and estimate the correlations between clinical impairment and ultrasound parameters. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 61 patients with clinically diagnosed unilateral adhesive capsulitis were retrospectively reviewed using high-resolution ultrasound. To compare ultrasound parameters, we performed ultrasound examinations on both affected and unaffected shoulders. Ultrasound parameters, including thickness of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL), rotator interval (RI), axillary recess (AR), hypervascularity of the RI, and effusion of the long head of the biceps tendon sheath, were measured. Passive range of motion (PROM), visual analog scale for pain, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index were used for clinical assessment. Results: The CHL, the RI, and the AR in affected shoulders were significantly thicker than in unaffected shoulders ( P < .05). CHL thickness in affected shoulders was significantly correlated with PROM limitation, which included forward elevation, abduction, external rotation (ER), and internal rotation (IR) ( P < .05). AR thickness correlated with passive forward elevation limitation and passive IR limitation ( P < .05). The CHL was significantly thicker in stage 2 compared with stage 1, and the RI was thicker in stage 2 compared with stage 3. The diagnostic cutoff values for adhesive capsulitis were 2.2 mm for CHL thickness (77% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity) and 4 mm for AR thickness (68.9% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity). Conclusion: The ultrasound parameters associated with structural changes were correlated with clinical characteristics of adhesive capsulitis. Thickened CHL, RI, and AR were observed in affected shoulders. The cutoff values of 2.2 mm for CHL thickness and 4 mm for AR thickness can be used as cutoff diagnostic values for adhesive capsulitis.