bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Rumination on Severity and Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Guan Ying Yi , Phillips Lisa , Murphy Barbara , Crebbin Susan , Grande Michael Le , Worcester Marian U , Jackson Alun 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Anxiety and depression are common after an acute cardiac event. While many studies have investigated the predictors of anxiety and depression, few have focused on the role of rumination. The aim of this study was to identify the ruminative styles that predict anxiety and depression in the 2 years' postcardiac event.

Methods:
A total of 426 cardiac patients, 210 admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 216 to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery were recruited from three metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed self-report questionnaires at the time of their event and at 12- and 24-months postevent. Anxiety and depression were assessed at all three time points, whereas ruminative styles were assessed at 24 months. Clinical information was retrieved from the participants' medical records. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to identify the factors associated with and predictive of anxiety and depression at 24-months postevent.

Results:
A diagnosis of ACS, history of depression, smoking, and brooding and intrusive rumination were associated with both anxiety and depression, while female gender was associated with anxiety only. Brooding and intrusive rumination were the unique predictors of anxiety and depression, after controlling for other factors.

Limitations:
Generalizability of the findings is limited by the preponderance of men in the sample and by participant attrition over the study period.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate the importance of screening for rumination styles after a cardiac event to enhance targeting of psychological treatments for cardiac patients at risk of persistent anxiety or depression.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the spectrum of trauma patients at a major trauma center in central India
Authors: Quraishi Abdul Haque M. , Sahu Shiv , Tongse Pankaj , Agrawal Ankit 
Published: March 2021

Context:
A total lockdown was announced in India from March 25 to May 31 in four phases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to study the impact of this national lockdown on the volume and the nature of injuries in patients admitted during this period at a major trauma center in central India.

Methods:
This is a retrospective descriptive study of prospectively collected data which were collected from the hospital records. Patients admitted to the trauma center during lockdown were compared to patients admitted in the prelockdown period for the change in volume and spectrum and severity of injuries across all age groups and both genders.

Results:
There was a significant fall in the overall number of trauma patients across all age groups and both genders during the lockdown period (66.8%). There was a significant decrease in numbers among males (68.1%). Road traffic accidents decreased by 75.2%. There was a relative increase in trauma due to falls and assault during the lockdown period. The mortality due to trauma decreased significantly by 79.8%.

Conclusions:
There has been an overall decrease in the number of patients admitted to the trauma center during the lockdown period. However, there is a relative increase in preventable injuries such as falls, assault, and animal-related injuries. Focused strategies to decrease preventable injuries need to be devised to reduce the load on overburdened resources during the COVID-19 crisis.
A cross-sectional study on fear-avoidance beliefs and chronic low back pain in fighter pilots
Authors: AlAbdulwahab Sami S. , Kachanathu Shaji John , AlSunaidi Ali S. N. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is considered a serious complaint among fighter pilots because the vertebrae of these pilots are exposed to high compression forces from prolonged sitting on a hard ejection seat and frequent sudden fighter aircraft maneuvers. It is yet unknown whether a correlation exists between CLBP and psychosocial/behavioral performance of fighter pilots.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of 66 fighter pilots with nonspecific CLBP voluntarily participated in this study. Self-efficacy was measured based on the degree of physical activity and work performance using the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ).

Results:
A significant inverse correlation was found between the work subscale of the FABQ (FABQw) (mean score: 27.4 ± 8.4) and both age (mean: 35 ± 4.9 years) and flying experience (mean: 13.2 ± 4.4 years) among fighter pilots with nonspecific CLBP. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between physical activity subscale of the FABQ (mean score: 12.3 ± 6.4) and both age and flying experience.

Conclusions:
An inverse correlation was observed between FABQw and both age and flying experience among fighter pilots with nonspecific CLBP. It is important for rehabilitation specialists to understand the role of cognitive/affective components of a pain from tissue injury and nociception to prevent occupational disability and enhance occupational performance.
Are we selecting appropriate admissions for intensive care following major abdominal surgery
Authors: Batt Jeremy P. , Vincent Rosie C. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Like any other medical treatment, The intensive care unit (ICU) is a limited resource that needs to be utilized appropriately. This study aimed to identify the outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU based on patient demographic and severity score parameters.

Methods:
An observational retrospective cohort study of 1059 patients undergoing laparotomy who were admitted to the ICU was performed. Cases were sub-classified by the mode of admission and risk prediction scores and analyzed outcomes of mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS.

Results:
The mean age of patients who did not survive was older than those who survived, and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre Physiology Score (ICNARC) observed in patients who died. Emergency admission was also an indicator of increased mortality. Survivors APACHE II scores were the same if they were elective or emergency admissions, although Survivors ICNARC scores were higher in emergency than in elective admissions. Patients who did not survive had a longer ICU LOS stay than those who survived, whereas elective survivors had shorter ICU LOS than the emergency survivors. Regardless of this hospital LOS was the same for both elective and emergency survivors.

Conclusion:
The most unwell patients had the highest risk prediction scores, were more often admitted in the emergency setting, required longer stays in ICU, and had less favorable outcomes. However, ICU did appear to expedite the hospital discharges of emergency patients to match their elective counterparts. Decisions around when and to which patients ICU is an appropriate intervention remains a difficult decision and one that cannot be made without full consideration of all aspects of patient factors.
Initial Progressions of Carotid Artery Plaque Are Associated with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ishikawa Mami , Nagai Mutsumi , Matsumoto Eiji , Hashimoto Masaaki 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Carotid artery plaque, white matter disease (WMD), and silent lacunae infarcts (initial indicators) are associated with symptomatic cerebral infarction (CI) caused by atherosclerosis. We retrospectively examined the association between the initial indicators and risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, considering the primary prevention of symptomatic CI.

Methods:
We divided 1503 individuals who were neurologically healthy and enrolled in a brain screening program (brain dock) at our institution, into three initial plaque grades (grade 0, 1, and 2) based on having no plaques, having plaques on the right or left carotid artery, or having plaques on both carotid arteries, respectively. We analyzed the risk factors according to the presence/absence of the initial indicators.

Results:
WMD and the risk factors (low-density lipoprotein [LDL], hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure [BP], and smoking cigarettes) were positively correlated with the initial plaque grades, even when their laboratory values were within normal ranges. Systolic BP (116.5 ± 14.0 mmHg) was significantly lower in group 00 (without carotid plaque and WMD) than that in age-adjusted others (with carotid plaque or WMD). In young participants aged between 40 and 52 years, LDL (132.8 ± 24.5 mg/dl) was significantly higher in subgroup ++ (with carotid plaque and WMD) compared to others (without carotid plaque or WMD).

Conclusion:
Initial plaque grade and WMD grade as clinical initial indicators of symptomatic CI are associated with risk factors. To avoid deterioration of the initial indicators, it was suggested that the risk factors should be maintained at the lower ends of normal ranges and smoking cessation should be recommended.
Nanosuspension formulation & evaluation of ritonavir & valsartan by using poloxamer as a stabilizing agent to enhance the oral bio availability
Authors: Sudhakar Kancharla  , Prachetha Kolli  , Dr.K.Venkata Gopaiah  
Published: March 2021

The Nano ionization technology is particularly promising for improving the oral absorption and bioavailability of BCS class II drugs. One such approach is Nano ionization thereby increasing surface area and hence dissolution and ultimately the bioavailability. Ritonavir is a BCS class II and IV drug. Valsartan is a commonly used antihypertensive agent belonging to the family of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Valsartan is a BCS class II drug being slightly soluble in water. It has a very low oral bioavailability of 25-35% due to its limited solubility in biological fluids. Poor water solubility of drugs shows insufficient bioavailability and fluctuating plasmalevels. Based on their physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties, Ritonavir and Valsartan were selected as a drug candidates for developing Nanosuspension based formulations for improving the solubility and bioavailability by enhancing the rate and extent ofdissolution.The scope of the present work is to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate and oral bio availability of poorly soluble drugs Ritonavir and Valsartan by formulating them into Nanosuspension with Poloxamer as a stabilizing agent and subsequently converting the optimized Nanosuspension of Ritonavir/Valsartan drug molecule into tablets and capsuleswith the help of various extragranular agents.
Indicadores de análisis de percepción social en el casco urbano del distrito de Amarilis-Huánuco
Authors: Barzola Gómez Renato Edu , Rosario Ramon Ciza Zarvia , Reyes Mory Miriam Ruth , Celis Bonifacio Natali Mishell 
Published: March 2021

La percepción social del espacio urbano es limitada en los estudios de planeamiento urbano, ante esta situación se plantea el estudio a escala barrial para conocer las relaciones sociales en el espacio urbano. De esta manera, se busca identificar barrios del distrito de Amarilis que presentan exclusión social.
El trabajo se desarrolla partiendo de la descomposición de la valoración de percepciones subjetivas de barrios de los autores Carlos Cámara Menoyo y Daniel Sorando Ortín, con enfoque cualitativo, mediante una encuesta considerando: el grado de identificación de los barrios, los espacios e infraestructuras urbanas y relaciones sociales.
Para esta investigación se estudiaron 5 barrios de los cuales se identificó que uno de ellos (barrio N°5) presenta alto grado de riesgo social y a su vez exclusión social en el espacio urbano. Finalmente, se determina que la percepción social es una alternativa para medir las redes de apoyo; y los mapas sociales deben de concretar la dimensión medible de las relaciones sociales
Diseño de vivienda rural bioclimática para clima frio- húmedo andino
Authors: Sánchez Amaya Cesar Andres , García Cardona Ader Augusto 
Published: March 2021

En el presente documento propone modelos de viviendas rurales productivas con criterios bioclimáticos, enfocados para el clima frio - húmedo colombiano, a partir del análisis de las viviendas rurales tradicionales existentes de la zona de referencia. El caso de estudio se ubica en la cordillera central colombiana, una región con características climáticas muy diversas, ya que posee fuertes vientos, variaciones de temperaturas al día de 0°C hasta de 20°C con efectos de heladas en las madrugadas y una humedad relativa alta. Además de esto con una precipitación promedio de 1.000 mm durante todo el año. Tradicionalmente las viviendas rurales son compactas en formas rectangulares y con cubiertas de una variedad de pendientes adicionalmente tiene un andén perimetral de la vivienda y un espacio como porche, entre otros. Tanto la característica climática, como los factores tipológicos de las viviendas tradicionales estudiadas, generan en las unidades habitacionales gran cantidad de horas al año con incomodidad térmica, incentivando al aumento de consumo energético para la obtención de ganancia térmica.
Se construyeron tres prototipos de vivienda rural con criterios bioclimáticos pasivos, mejorando el desempeño térmico al interior de las viviendas; intentando fomentar una guía base de diseño para las futuras construcciones de viviendas rurales de la zona, de esta manera ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas y a reducir el consumo energético de las construcciones como a la operatividad de las viviendas
Could amantadine possibly interfere with COVID-19 vaccines based on LNP-mRNA platform ?
Authors: Fedorowski Jaroslaw 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAmantadine is a well-known medication with indications in neurology and infectious diseases. It is currently FDA approved for Parkinson disease, drug induced extrapyramidal symptoms, and influenza.Material and methodsThe article is author's original research hypothesis.ResultsBecause more people are going to be vaccinated and additional similar vaccines are going to be introduced, we should take into consider�ation the potential of amantadine to interfere with LNP-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine delivery into the target cells.ConclusionsA more cautious approach to the patients taking amantadine as far as vaccination utilizing LNP-mRNA platform should be considered.
Artistic Innovation from within the Cracks. Unlocking Musical Creativity.
Authors: van Andel Walter , Herman Arne , Schramme Annick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
De culturele sector blijft onder druk staan. Veel klassieke muziekorganisaties reageren op dezelfde manier op die situatie. Ze nemen hun toevlucht tot voorspelbaarheid, zowel wat betreft hun organisatiestructuur als hun artistieke output. Deze paper bespreekt het businessmodel van Splendor Amsterdam, dat gerund wordt door kunstenaars. De case brengt de interne architectuur aan het licht van een alternatieve praktijk die erop gericht is de mogelijkheden te ontsluiten van artistieke innovatie in haar meest onbelemmerde vorm.
Een ritueel van openheid. De (meta-)realiteit van Anthony Braxtons Ghost Trance Music.
Authors: Van Cauwenberghe Kobe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dit artikel neemt de Ghost Trance Music-composities van de Amerikaanse componist Anthony Braxton onder de loep. Het geeft tegelijkertijd een bredere kijk op Braxtons oeuvre als geheel en plaatst enkele kritische kanttekeningen bij de canon van naoorlogse westerse kunstmuziek.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN E AND VITAMIN C ON MORPHOLOGY OF GASTRIC MUCOSAL INJURY INDUCED BY ASPIRIN IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: Atta Iram , Tufail Shazia , Tafweez Raaffa 
Published: March 2021

Background: Peptic ulcer has become an immense problem in our health care system. One of the major cause being the overuse of NSAIDs in Pakistan.
Objective: To evaluate gastro protection by Vitamin E, Vitamin C and combination of Vitamin E and Vitamin C on morphology of aspirin induced gastric mucosal injury in albino rats.
Methodology: 45 adult albino rats were taken and organized into 5 groups. Control was formed by Group I. Group II was given aspirin. Group III was given Vitamin C and aspirin. Group IV was given Vitamin E and aspirin. Group V received Vitamin C, Vitamin E and aspirin. All the doses were given for 14 days. Rats were then sacrificed after 24 hours and their stomachs were examined to compare the gross and histological findings regarding the colour of the gastric mucosa, presence of gastric ulcer, site of the ulcer, epithelial integrity and extent of the ulcer.
Results: Increased frequency of ulcers extending into the submucosa were found in group given aspirin as compared to the rest of the groups. The group that was given combination of Vitamin E and Vitamin C along with aspirin showed significantly better condition than all the groups by showing normal mucosa and intact epithelium in most of the animals.
Conclusion: Combination of Vitamin E and Vitamin C has greater defensive effect on aspirin induced gastric mucosal insult than Vitamin C or Vitamin E alone by showing reduction in frequency and severity of gastric ulcer.
A CASE OF SILVER- RUSSEL SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH SHORT STATURE AND THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ON GROWTH
Authors: Zaheer Arif , Hussain Faryad , Gohar Rizwan , HUSSAIN MUZAMAL , Muhammad Shahid  , AMIR RASHEED  
Published: March 2021

The Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder whose pathogenesis remains controversial. The diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical association of characteristic signs, including intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal short stature, relative macrocephaly, triangular facies, clinodactyly of the fifth finger and asymmetry of the body. In this case report, we focused on a patient with SRS, who came to OPD clinic with failure to thrive and delayed speech. The child presented with evident poor height and weight gain, relative macrocephaly. The specific SRS features in this patient included flat feet and clinodactyly. In the subsequent follow-up, the patient revealed a few alterations in the craniofacial anomalies, but with heightened intellectual, psychological issues and failure to gain weight/height. The treatment with growth hormone resulted into considerable increase in height and weight emphasizing that growth hormone has some beneficial effect on the growth velocity. The pediatricians in the developing countries should know the clinical diagnostic score for SRS and other congenital malformations to diagnose SRS as they are deprived of access to molecular or genetic diagnostics.
Arsenic Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Prevented by Antioxidants in Fetal kidneys of Albino Mice
Authors: Qureshi Fariha , Muhammad Tahir  
Published: March 2021

Background &Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension has a significant correlation with chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water. This study was designed to investigate the prevention of sodium arsenate induced vascular disorders by Vitamins C& E in fetal renal blood vessels of albino mice.
Materials & Methods: Gravid albino mice of BALB/c strain (twenty four) were randomly divided into 4 groups having 6 animals each. Control group A was inoculated with 0.1ml/kg/day distilled water I/P for 18 days. Animals of groups B, C & D were given a single I/P injection of sodium arsenate 35mg/kg on 8th GD, whereas groups C and D were also injected with Vitamin C, 9 mg/kg/day and vitamin E 15 mg/kg/day by I/P route, beginning from 8th GD and continued for the entire pregnancy period. On 18th day of gestation fetal kidneys were extracted. Histological examination of renal blood vessels was performed for any discernable congestion, endothelial disruption and hyalinization and frequency of changes were expressed as percentages.
Results: In group (B) sodium arsenate induction resulted in congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhages in glomerular capillaries and thickening of endothelial walls. The addition of Vitamins C and E in groups C & D respectively had reduced the congestion and endothelial thickening. Mean score of histological changes was statistically significant.
Conclusions: The results showed the antioxidant prospective of Vitamins C and E in combating against the vascular lesions induced by sodium arsenate.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE VS. TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM TEACHING FOR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS: A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shaukat Ayesha , Ali Ghazanfar , Hassan Farheen , Abbas Muhammad Naeem , Saleem Muhammad Asad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:

Objective:
To find effectiveness between online and traditional classroom teaching methods among final year class of MBBS.
Methods:
An observational study conducted at King Edward Medical University Lahore in April 2020 among the final year class of MBBS. Two Likert-scale questionnaires generated on Google Docs after taking approval from the university’s ethical committee. Informed consent was taken and all students of the final year class of MBBS, of both genders, were included. Univariate analysis was done taking preference of teaching method as a primary objective. P-value ≤0.05 considered significant. Data was analyzed using SPSS v20.
Results:
Three hundred and three (n=303) students responded to the traditional model and three hundred and ten (n=310) responded to online. Overall, the mean value of student preference for the traditional mode of teaching was higher than online (3.62 vs. 3.09). Univariate analysis showed, in the traditional mode of teaching students felt more concentrated during lectures (p<.001) and had more interclass interaction (p<.001). The student felt the online mode of teaching more effective (p=0.02) and found it more feasible to respond to class tests (p=0.01). However, both methods were significant regarding increasing productivity of students (p<.001, p<.001), non-complex (p=0.01, p=0.01) and enjoyable (p<.001, p=0.01)
اسلامی ریاست میں قومی قیادت کے بنیادی شرائط وضوابط : قرآن وسنت کے تناظر میں تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: MAHMOOD SAJID , Haq Samiul 
Published: March 2021

From the Islamic point of view, the source of all leadership powers is the essence of God Almighty. The essence of God Almighty is the owner of everything and He is the legislator. Man is only his vicegerent and caliph in this universe. It is based on three principles according to the instructions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). One is that the rule of God and obedience to the Qur'an and Sunnah is the greatest foundation of the state and government. The second is that the government will be formed at the discretion of the Muslim Ummah through public consultation. And third, the Islamic government is responsible for running the state as well as providing for the collective welfare of society and the needs of all citizens.
There are a few principles that must be found in the leadership of the Islamic State۔These principles are mentioned below.
پہلی صدی ہجری کے تفردات و شذوذات کا تا ریخی جائزہ
Authors: Ali Sadiq , Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: March 2021

In Islamic literature the first century of Hijri calendar is very important in building up an Islamic society. The prophet’s companions conquered many different areas, and settled there to preach Islam. They also dealt with the coming situation in the light of Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic fundamental codes of life are competent with human nature but not everyone has the same intellectuality to understand a hadith or Islamic injunctions. There might be two different opinions on a same situation. Despite of this reality some scholars also have their own uniqueness or having a different opinion in which all the others scholars are united on it. This research paper shows the uniqueness of some companions of prophet having their own different view on a particular act.