bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inner hot dust in the torus of NGC 1068
Authors: Vermot P. , Clénet Y. , Gratadour D. , Rouan D. , Grosset L. , Perrin G. , Kervella P. , Paumard T. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The central region of NGC 1068 is one of the closest and most studied active galactic nuclei. It is known to be type 2, meaning that its accretion disk is obscured by a large amount of dust and gas. The main properties of the obscuring structure are still to be determined.
Aims. We aim to model the inner edge of this structure, where the hot dust responsible for the near-infrared emission reaches its sublimation temperature.
Methods. We used several methods to interpret the K-band interferometric observables from a GRAVITY/VLTI observation of the object. At first, we used simple geometrical models in image reconstructions to determine the main 2D geometrical properties of the source. In a second step, we tried to reproduce the observables with K-band images produced by 3D radiative transfer simulations of a heated dusty disk. We explore various parameters to find an optimal solution and a model consistent with all the observables.
Results. The three methods are consistent in their description of the image of the source, an elongated structure with ∼4 × 6 mas dimensions and its major axis along the northwest–southeast direction. The results from all three methods suggest that the object resembles an elongated ring rather than an elongated thin disk, with the northeast edge appearing less luminous than the southwest one. The best 3D model is a thick disk with an inner radius r = 0.21−0.03+0.02 pc and a half-opening angle α1/2 = 21 ± 8° observed with an inclination i = 44−610° and PA = 150−138°. A high density of dust n = 5−2.5+5 M⊙ pc−3 is required to explain the contrast between the two edges by self-absorption from the closer one. The overall structure is itself obscured by a large foreground obscuration AV ∼ 75.
Conclusions. The hot dust is not responsible for the obscuration of the central engine. The geometry and the orientation of the structure are different from those of the previously observed maser and molecular disks. We conclude that a single disk is unable to account for these differences, and favor a description of the source where multiple rings originating from different clouds are entangled around the central mass.
Digital environment as effective pedagogical tool of socialization in the context of modern education
Authors: Gorbatkova Olga , Kochergina Olga , Kiryushina Olga 
Published: June 2021

Today, the modern educational paradigm is based on the organization of new forms of social education and training with new digital technologies introduction. In the article, the author sproceed from the main conceptual provisions of domestic and foreign the ories, which allow us as serting that the pedagogically justified use of the digital environment, aimed at solving the problems of social education, can contribute to the adaptation of students to life in the modern in formation society.
The purpose of the study is to identify the problems and perspectives of the students’positive socialization formation under the conditions of modern education based on the theoretic alanalys is of domestic and English-speaking (the USA and Canada) scientific works that reflect the content of the digital technologies implementation.
This article at tempts to: reveal the essence of the digital environment concept as a pedagogical tool for students’ positive socialization, where the digital environment represents an element of the information and educational environment, with in which socialization is revealed, where the cybers pacesocial process espotential comprehension is carried out; determine the social and educational effects, the main conceptual provisions of the digital environment use as the pedagogical tool for the students’ positives ocialization; based on the analysis, expand knowledge in the context of the theoretical and methodological aspects for domestic sciencein view of the research of scientific works in modern English-speaking countries (the USA, Canada).
Modern telecommunication systems and messengers as the alternative didactic platforms after Covid-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Reznikova Anna , Posidelova Victoria 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
The article aims to discuss educational problems during the period of 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic lockdown in Russia and examines the peculiarities of innovative educational technologies within the modern educational paradigm in the context of teaching under a lockdown pressure. Special attention is paid to analyses of positive and negative aspects of lockdown distance learning, representing the concept of innovative pedagogy as a combined pedagogical approach that offers an alternative to existing teaching methods. The authors consider a lockdown educational experience to be a first step to a new era of educational technologies based on a principle of health safety and proper time management that could be achieved by application of online teaching methods. The authors describe the alternative didactic platforms such as Zoom and WhatsApp; define the term “distance learning” and the phenomenon designated by it. Special attention is paid to the consideration of a number of factors that hinder the introduction of innovative educational technologies and the reform of the educational system as a whole in the context of a lockdown.
Methodology:
In our research we applied several methods that suit the objectives of the work: Statistical Data collection; Observation; Analysis.
Chirurgie subkutaner Mastzelltumoren beim Hund: Prognosefaktoren und Outcome
Authors: Betz Daniela Simon 
Published: June 2021

Gill V, Leibman N, Monette S et al. Prognostic Indicators and Clinical Outcome in Dogs with Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56 (4): 215–225
Mastzelltumoren (MZT) sind häufige kutane Neoplasien beim Hund, für die verschiedene prognostische Faktoren beschrieben wurden. Zu diesen zählen der histologische Grad nach Patnaik (3 Grade) oder Kiupel (2 Grade) sowie einige Marker zellulärer Differenzierung wie AgNORs (agyrophylic nuclear organizer regions), Ki-67 oder PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Weitere prognostisch aussagekräftige Parameter sind der c-Kit-Mutationsstatus, die mikrovaskuläre Dichte (microvascular density, MVD) und der mitotische Index (MI). Ziel der Studie war, den klinischen Verlauf nach operativer Entfernung subkutaner MZT beim Hund auszuwerten und die Wertigkeit der verschiedenen Prognosefaktoren zu validieren.
Topical treatment of multiple erosive, ulcerative skin lesions in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Authors: Boehm Teresa M. S. A. , Klinger Christoph J. , Gohl Christine , Lücht Maike , Baumann Katja N. , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 30-year-old, intact female Indian rhinoceros (Rhinocerus unicornis) was presented with ongoing erosive, ulcerative skin lesions over a 4-year-period. The lesions appeared to be non-pruritic and non-seasonal. A systemic antibiotic therapy had been unsuccessful. The dermatological examination showed 8 diffusely demarcated areas of erosion, focal ulceration, mild crusting, and moderate erythema ranging from 8 to 20 cm in diameter, bilaterally on the lateral edges of the torso armor plates. The patient had no other clinical abnormalities. Coccoid and rod-shaped bacteria were identified on cytology and a bacterial culture revealed Escherichia coli spp., Staphylococcus dysgalacticae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Corynebacterium spp. and Micrococus spp. A topical product line containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts was administered daily, using a spot-on, spray and balm. Within 3 weeks a substantial alleviation of clinical signs was observed. Multiple impression smears of the lesions and a bacterial culture were negative by day 21. The patient achieved complete remission within 4 months of treatment and maintained remission for the 2-year observation period with continued use of the medication. Topically administered therapeutics containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts may offer a viable treatment option for recurrent cases of bacterial infectious skin lesions in Indian rhinocerotidae.
Wundheilungsstörungen nach abdominal-chirurgischen Eingriffen beim Rind: eine retrospektive Studie
Authors: Altenbrunner-Martinek Birgit , Thiele Tanja , Tichy Alexander , Wittek Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziele Ausgewertet wurden Wundheilungsstörungen (WHS) bei Rindern nach abdominal-chirurgischen Eingriffen, die an der Universitätsklinik für Wiederkäuer Wien in den Jahren 2007 bis einschließlich 2016 stattfanden. Ziel der retrospektiven Studie war die Erhebung der beim Rind nach abdominaler Chirurgie auftretenden Wundheilungsstörungen über einen 10-jährigen Zeitraum und die Ermittlung von Risikofaktoren wie beispielsweise erhöhte Umgebungstemperaturen.
Material und Methoden Zur Auswertung der Daten wurden folgende chirurgische Eingriffe erfasst: rechtsseitige Laparotomie: Ileus, Labmagenverlagerung (LMV) nach links und nach rechts, Blinddarmdilatation und -verlagerung; linksseitige Laparotomie: Rumenotomie; Operationen in der Regio umbilicalis mit Eröffnung der Bauchhöhle. Zur Ermittlung einer möglichen Korrelation zwischen dem Auftreten von WHS und Umgebungstemperaturen erfolgte die Erhebung von Wetterdaten im Untersuchungszeitraum.
Ergebnisse In diesem 10-jährigen Zeitraum wurden 1365 abdominal-chirurgische Eingriffe durchgeführt. Der Rasse Fleckvieh gehörten 68,6 % der Tiere an, gefolgt von 19,6 % Holstein-Friesian. Weibliche Tiere dominierten mit 73,0 % und 24,0 % der Patienten waren Kälber. In 156 Fällen (11,7 %) trat eine postoperative WHS auf. Der Großteil der Laparotomien erfolgte in der rechten Flanke. Bei 21,4 % dieser Eingriffe lag eine LMV nach links vor, bei 21,7 % war eine Ileuserkrankung der Grund für die Operation. LMV nach links (24,4 %) und Nabeloperationen (21,2 %) wiesen eine höhere Rate an postoperativen WHS auf als andere abdominal-chirurgische Eingriffe. Mit einem Altersdurchschnitt von 2,6 Jahren waren Tiere mit LMV nach rechts beim Auftreten einer WHS signifikant jünger als Tiere ohne WHS. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen einer höheren WHS-Rate und höheren Umgebungstemperaturen in den Sommermonaten ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Insgesamt 34,6 % aller WHS traten in den Sommermonaten (Juni–September) auf. Allerdings stieg die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Entwicklung einer WHS ab einer Außentemperatur von 12,5 °C signifikant an. Am häufigsten waren WHS im Monat Mai (17,1 %) zu beobachten, gefolgt von den Monaten Juli (15,6 %) und Juni (15,3 %).
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Entstehung von Wundheilungsstörungen wird durch unterschiedliche Faktoren wie z. B. Alter des Tieres, vorliegende Grunderkrankung und Art des chirurgischen Eingriffs beeinflusst. Hohe Umgebungstemperaturen wirken begünstigend, sind aber nur einer von vielen Risikofaktoren.
Naturheilkunde und Komplementärmedizin in der Kleintiermedizin – Definitionen und Inhalte
Authors: Stanossek Ines , Wehrend Axel 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungNaturheilkundliche und komplementärmedizinische Verfahren finden auch in der Tiermedizin zunehmend Anwendung. Ein einheitliches Verständnis ihrer Inhalte und Definitionen stellt die Basis einer gelungenen Kommunikation zwischen Tierhalter und Tierarzt dar. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die vorhandenen Definitionen und Inhalte von tiermedizinischer Naturheilkunde und Komplementärmedizin sowie den ihnen zugeordneten Verfahren. Zur Naturheilkunde gehören Phytotherapie, ausleitende Verfahren, Hydrotherapie, Thermotherapie, Elektrotherapie, manuelle Therapie/Chiropraktik/Osteopathie sowie die Ernährungstherapie. Als komplementärmedizinische Verfahren gelten Homöopathie, Homotoxikologie, Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin inklusive Akupunktur und chinesischer Kräutermedizin, Neuraltherapie, Organotherapie sowie die Bachblütentherapie. Die Evidenzgrade der vorhandenen verfahrensspezifischen Fachliteratur sowie die Möglichkeiten von Zertifizierungen differieren stark. Die Akupunktur weist dabei die bisher größte Datenbasis mit teils hohem Evidenzniveau auf.
Neue intraoperative fluoreszenzbasierte und spektroskopische Bildgebungsverfahren in der Viszeralmedizin – Präzisionschirurgie im „Hightech“-OP
Authors: Gockel Ines , Barberio Manuel , Diana Michele , Thieme René , Pfahl Annekatrin , Sucher Robert , Köhler Hannes , Chalopin Claire , Maktabi Marianne , Jansen-Winkeln Boris 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Fluoreszenz-Angiografie (FA) mit Indocyanin-Grün (ICG) und das Hyperspektral-Imaging (HSI) sind neue intraoperative Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten in der Abdominal-, Gefäß- und Transplantationschirurgie. Ziel ist es, damit die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität im Sinne der Präzisionschirurgie und Patientensicherheit zu reduzieren. In diesem Artikel werden aktuelle Daten und das zukünftige innovative Potenzial der Echtzeit-Bildgebungsmodalitäten hervorgehoben.
Methoden Das Prinzip der neuen „Imaging“-Verfahren und deren klinische Anwendungen werden aufgearbeitet mit Blick auf Anastomoseninsuffizienzen, die die folgenschwersten Komplikationen in der gastrointestinalen Chirurgie nach onkologischen Resektionen darstellen.
Ergebnisse Während die FA die Gabe eines Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs
erfordert, ist HSI völlig kontaktfrei und nichtinvasiv. Beide Methoden können in
„Real-Time“-Applikation physiologische Gewebeeigenschaften, zudem die FA auch dynamische
Phänomene, erfassen. Die Verfahren dauern nur wenige Sekunden und stören den operativen
Ablauf nicht wesentlich. Sie sind hinsichtlich ihrer Aussagekraft für eine mögliche
Änderung der operativen Strategie als komplementär zu betrachten. Unsere eigenen
Weiterentwicklungen der Modalitäten liegen insbesondere im Bereich der
Datenvisualisierung sowie der automatischen Datenanalyse unter Einsatz der künstlichen
Intelligenz (KI) und der Miniaturisierung der bisherigen Geräte für einen zukünftigen
Einsatz in der Endoskopie, der minimalinvasiven und der roboterassistierten Chirurgie.
Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt ist die Zahl der Studien im Forschungsfeld der intraoperativen Bildgebung zurzeit noch sehr limitiert. Ob diese neue Art der Präzisionschirurgie im „Hightech“-OP mit der Kombination aus HSI, FA und Robotik zu einer verbesserten Patientensicherheit durch Minimierung der postoperativen Morbidität und Mortalität führt, muss in weiterführenden multizentrischen Studien evaluiert werden.
Zellbasierte Therapeutika zur Behandlung der Osteoarthritis beim Pferd
Authors: Roth Susanne P. , Brehm Walter , Troillet Antonia 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren haben zellbasierte Therapeutika zur Behandlung von Osteoarthritiden in der Pferdemedizin einen regelrechten Boom erlebt. In der Praxis werden diese Therapeutika in Eigenverantwortung des Tierarztes aus Patientenblut oder anderen körpereigenen Geweben wie Fettgewebe oder Knochenmark hergestellt. Auch wenn diesen zellbasierten Therapiemethoden das einheitliche therapeutische Konzept der regenerativen Medizin gemein ist, unterscheiden sie sich maßgeblich hinsichtlich Herstellungsverfahren, Inhaltsstoffen und Funktionsweisen. Grundlegendes Wissen hierzu ermöglicht es dem praktizierenden Tierarzt, das für ihn und seine Pferdepatienten geeignete Produkt auszuwählen und bestmögliche Behandlungsstrategien zu erstellen.
Positive Effects of Probiotics on Motor Coordination and Brain during Moderate and High-Intensity Exercise in Adolescent Female Mice
Authors: Park Ki Jun , Kim Junechul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and motor functions during different levels of exercise.
Methods Female adolescent mice (n=140) were divided into two groups, of which one group was fed probiotics and the other group was not. For both groups, three levels of exercise were conducted: non-exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and high-intensity exercise. Probiotics acquisition and aerobic treadmill exercise were the main variables during the growth period. We evaluated motor function with a rotarod test and analyzed cytokines and neurotransmitters in the cerebellum.
Results In acceleration mode, the moderate and high-intensity exercise groups showed longer running times than the non-exercise groups (P<0.001). Also, the probiotic-ingestion group had longer latency before falling than those who did not take probiotics in both the high-intensity and the non-exercise groups (P=0.002, P=0.002, respectively). In steady-state mode, the non-exercise group showed lower records compared with the moderate and high-intensity exercise groups (P=0.017, P=0.004, respectively). The inflammatory cytokine levels were high in the groups that performed moderate and high-intensity exercises, but the high levels were relieved in those taking probiotics. The GABA concentration was high for the exercise group and the probiotic-ingestion group.
Conclusion Taken together, probiotics help improve motor skills during moderate and high-intensity exercise and help relieve inflammatory responses in the brain. Thus, we suggest that probiotics can be a useful supplement for brain and body development during exercise in adolescence.
Pricing practices of football and basketball clubs in Italy
Authors: Hinterhuber Andreas , Viberti Sara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRevenue management is widely adopted across industries—except in the sports industry. In the context of the present study, we contact every single football and soccer club belonging to the top league in Italy—one of the world’s most successful football nations—and obtain responses from close to half of all clubs. We find that one-third of all football clubs apply revenue management, far more than basketball clubs. Basketball clubs rely heavily on fixed pricing, whereas soccer clubs use variable pricing or revenue management. Study data also suggest that perceived barriers to revenue management include a fear of alienating customers or perceived high implementation costs; since experiences of revenue management implementation are overwhelmingly positive, this study suggests that the fears of revenue management implementation are overblown. This study advances research on the practical implementation of revenue management in non-traditional industries and provides an encouragement for executives working in other industries to implement revenue management.
High voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on diode opening switch and magnetic switch
Authors: Deng Zichen , Ding Zhenjie , Yuan Qi , Ding Weidong , Ren Linyuan , Wang Yanan 
Published: June 2021

Low-temperature plasma technology is widely used in various industrial fields, which require the plasma to be of large volume, diffuse, and stable. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that better plasma performance has been obtained by using generators with a high voltage, a high repetition rate, a fast rise time, and a short pulse duration. In this paper, a novel topology is proposed for such generators, which is based on magnetic switches and diode opening switches. A prototype is developed, and its output characteristics are investigated by varying essential parameters, such as the load resistance and the power supply voltage. The experimental results show that it can generate pulses with a voltage of 30.6 kV, a rise time of 7.1 ns, a pulse duration of 8.2 ns, and a maximum repetition rate of 12 kHz on a 300 Ω resistive load. The prototype has been successfully used to drive uniform plasma in ambient air. In the proposed topology, a diode is added to make the magnetic cores independent of each other, significantly simplifying the design calculation. It may help develop nanosecond solid-state generators.
Impact of new operational dosimetric quantities on individual monitoring services
Authors: Caresana M , Garlati L , Zorloni G , Behrens R , Otto T , Minchillo G , Rossi F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The new operational dosimetric quantities framework, proposed in the ICRU95 report, has stimulated the scientific community to start investigations that aim to assess its impact on radiation protection practices. As part of this effort, the present study describes an inter-comparison exercise among individual monitoring services (IMSs) on passive whole-body dosimetry. The inter-comparison is performed in terms of both the existing operational dose quantity

H

p

(
10
)

and its proposed replacement

H

p

, to allow an evaluation of the actions that may be necessary to adapt dosimetry systems to the proposed quantity. For two of the tested IMSs, simple modifications to the detector response function, or the dose calculation algorithm, were sufficient to obtain results within acceptable limits. However, these approaches are not sufficient to give a level of performance comparable to that achieved in terms of

H

p

(
10
)

. This may require a modification to dosemeter design.
How often does it happen? A review of unintended, unnecessary and unavoidable high-dose radiation exposures
Authors: Holmberg Ola , Pinak Miroslav 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High-dose radiation exposures of humans occur every year around the world, and may lead to harmful tissue reactions. This review aims to look at the available information sources that can help answering the question of how often these events occur yearly on a global scale. In the absence of comprehensive databases of global occurrence, publications on radiation accidents in all uses of radiation and on rates of high-dose events in different medical uses of radiation have been reviewed. Most high-dose radiation exposures seem to occur in the medical uses of radiation, reflecting the high number of medical exposures performed. In therapeutic medical uses, radiation doses are purposely often given at levels known to cause deterministic effects, and there is a very narrow range in which the medical practitioner can operate without causing severe unacceptable outcomes. In interventional medical uses, there are scenarios in which the radiation dose given to a patient may reach or exceed a threshold for skin effects, where this radiation dose may be unavoidable, considering all benefits and risks as well as benefits and risks of any alternative procedures. Regardless of if the delivered dose is unintended, unnecessary or unavoidable, there are estimates published of the rates of high-dose events and of radiation-induced tissue injuries occurring in medical uses. If this information is extrapolated to a global scenario, noting the inherent limitations in doing so, it does not seem unreasonable to expect that the global number of radiation-induced injuries every year may be in the order of hundreds, likely mainly arising from medical uses of radiation, and in particular from interventional fluoroscopy procedures and external beam radiotherapy procedures. These procedures are so frequently employed throughout the world that even a very small rate of radiation-induced injuries becomes a substantial number when scaled up to a global level.