bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]Dioxolo[g]
chromeneones Catalyzed by Nickel(II) Chromite Nanoparticles Through a
Three-Component Domino Reaction
Authors: Saeedi Bahareh , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Mirjafary Zohreh , Kia-Kojoori Reza 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The importance of fused chromene motifs in bioactive compounds highlighted the current research to explore novel methods for the construction of these heterocyclic scaffolds. Regarding the attractive features of developing novel methodological approaches in the presence of heterogeneous nanocatalysts, we will try to synthesize 4-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones and 8-aryl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromene-6-ones through this method.

Objective:
The aim of the present research was to prove the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized nickel(II) chromite nanoparticles (NiCr2O4 NPs) as bifunctional Lewis acid-Lewis base catalyst in the synthesis of pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]dioxolo[g]chromeneones.

Methods:
Pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]dioxolo[g]chromeneones were conveniently prepared from a three-component condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes, meldrum’s acid, and active methylene compounds including 4-hydroxycoumarin or 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol using NiCr2O4 NPs as an efficient, easily obtained, and recyclable catalyst, under ethanol-drop grinding at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and also by elemental analyses.

Results:
A number of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones and 8-aryl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromene-6-ones were effectively synthesized as target compounds in high yields.

Conclusion:
This study provides a simple, inexpensive and NiCr2O4 NPs catalyzed route to synthesis pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]dioxolo[g]chromeneones in high yields. The reaction offers several benefits including simple experimental procedures, higher yields, shorter reaction times and use of easily obtained and recyclable catalyst compared with previously reported methods and has a great foreground of development.
Association Serum S100B Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Control Study from South India
Authors: Chaudhuri Jaydip R. , Mridula Kandadai R. , Rathnakishore Chikkirala , Anamika Alluri , Samala Naveen R. , Balaraju Banda , Bandaru VCS Srinivasarao 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Recent evidence points to a possible link between the inflammatory modulatory
protein S100B protein and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:
To investigate the elevated levels of serum S100B protein among AD in a South Indian
cohort and its correlation with severity of cognitive impairment.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 AD patients and 100 age and sex matched
healthy controls. Diagnosis of AD was made by a qualified neurologist using NINCDS ADRDA criteria.
Measurement of serum S100B protein was performed using solid phase sandwich ELISA method
in both cases and controls.

Results:
Significantly higher prevalence of elevated serum S100B protein 44(44%) (p<0.0001), hypertension
52(52%) (p=0.02), diabetes mellitus 58(58%) (p=0.002), thyroid dysfunction 28(28%)
(p=0.009), positive CRP 46(46%) (p<0.0001) and lower mean Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE) values 20.4±5.1 (p<0.0001) were seen in AD patients compared to controls. Elevated S100B
protein levels were significantly associated with Clinical dementia rating (CDR) score 2(34%)
(p=0,05) and score 3 (61.3%) (p=0.03) compared to normal levels. After multivariable logistic regression
analysis positive C-Reactive Protein (odds: 3.2; 95%CI: 2.8-9.8)(p=0.001), elevated S100B protein
(odds: 9.0;95%CI:2.2-35.8) and diabetes mellitus (odd:1.2;95%CI:1.0-4.9)(p<0.0001), were significantly
associated with AD.

Conclusion:
In our study, we established an independent association of elevated serum S100B protein
levels with AD. Elevated S100B protein levels higher in CDR score 3.
Outcomes of Anticoagulant Therapy with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH) and Warfarin for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO)
Authors: Gao Jiangping , Huang Liuhuan , Wang Jianli 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a chronic, non-atherosclerotic, progressive
inflammatory vascular disease affecting the small- and medium-size arteries and veins of
the extremities.

Objective:
To evaluate whether long-term anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and warfarin is
beneficial for treating the inflammation and symptoms associated with TAO.

Methods:
Patients with TAO who underwent anticoagulation as the mainstay of treatment were included
in this prospective study. Rest pain relief and healing of trophic lesions (as the primary and
secondary endpoint) were investigated at Day 14 and after 6 months of follow-up. High sensitivity
C-reactive protein (hsCRP), monocyte count, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were recorded, and
the difference was compared before and after 2-week anticoagulation. The Chi-square test was
used to compare the difference between anticoagulant and aspirin groups (based on the literature).

Results:
From 2014 to 2019, 18 patients were included. Only 1 patient with wet gangrene received
endo-therapy for a failing stent at the start of treatment. After ~14 days, 12 of 13 (92%) patients
showed complete ulcer healing, and 17 of 18 (94%) patients showed complete relief from rest pain.
Monocyte-counts and hsCRP levels decreased significantly (p<0.001) after a 2-week period of anticoagulation
with LMWH. The mean follow-up was 2.6 years (range 0.5-5 years). At 6 months, all
patients showed relief of rest pain and complete healing of trophic lesions. All endpoints were significantly
improved compared with the aspirin group (p<0.01), and no rest pain or ulcer/gangrene recurred
during follow-up.

Conclusion:
Anticoagulant therapy may alleviate the inflammation and symptoms of TAO.
An Efficient One-Pot, Multicomponent Synthesis of 1, 3-Thiazolidin-4- Ones Using L-Proline as Catalyst in Water
Authors: Gadkari Yatin U. , Shanbhag Rajesh D. , Telvekar Vikas N. 
Published: January 2021

:An efficient methodology for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones using L-Proline as catalyst under aqueous conditions has been developed. The one-pot, multicomponent reaction of aromatic/heterocyclic aldehyde, aromatic amine and thioglycolic acid at room temperature give 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones in moderate to good yields. Further, the current approach is notably greener than traditional methods with E-factor of 3.1 and the eco scale score of 96. The developed protocol offers several features, such as being simple, environmentally benign, energy-efficient, economical, mild conditions, shorter reaction time.
Antineoplastic Activity of an Old Natural Antidiabetic Biguanide on the Human
Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Nozhat Zahra , Zarkesh Maryam , Baldini Enke , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira , Azizi Feridoun , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In the last decades, metformin (Met), an herbal anti-diabetic medicine, has been proposed as an
anti-cancer agent.

Objective:
Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Therefore, the current study was
performed to assess the effects of Met on cell proliferation and activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Protein
kinase B (AKT)/Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathway in the Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) cells. The
effects of Met on the expression of REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene were also investigated.

Methods:
MTC cell line (TT) was treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mM concentrations of Met for 24, 48, and
72h. The viability and apoptosis of the treated cells were measured by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-
diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V- Propidium Iodide (PI) assays. The expression level of PI3K, AKT,
FOXO1, and RET genes was investigated by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and
phosphorylation of their proteins was determined by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: Results showed that Met significantly decreased the viability of the MTC cells. Met also reduced the expression
level of PI3K, AKT, and FOXO1 genes (P<0.05), whereas it elevated the expression level of RET proto-oncogene (P<0.05).

Conclusion :
It seems that the Met has cytostatic effect on the TT cells. Our results showed that anti-tumoral effects of Met
may be cell type-specific, and according to the induction of RET (as a proto-oncogene) and inhibition of FOXO1 (as a tumor
suppressor gene), Met could not be an appropriate agent in treatment of MTC. The antineoplastic activity of Met has been
confirmed against several malignancies in "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies. However, its molecular mechanisms in the
treatment of different carcinomas particularly in thyroid cancers are not clearly understood and more studies are required to
confirm its exact effect on the MTC.
Green Approaches for Cancers Management: An Effective Tool for Health Care
Authors: Gupta Jitendra , Ahuja Ashima , Gupta Reena 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Cancer is one of the leading causes of an increasing number of deaths in modern
society. As the population increases, there is an increased thrust for screening newer anticancer
(phytoconstituents) agents to manage cancers. Around 35000 herbal phytoconstituents are obtained from plants,
animals and marine sources to create awareness of green therapy in managing, reducing, and minimizing side
effects of modern chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. The herbal plants are the richest sources of natural
remedies and bioactive compounds that promote medicines' alternative systems as a green approach for
managing various cancers. The terpenoids, saponins, volatile oils, and flavonoid phytoconstituents are most
efficiently used to manage cancer with minimal side effects.

Objective:
The objectives of the present study are to investigate the efficacious, potent and safe use of herbal
phytoconstituents extracts in the management of cancers and study their mechanism of action through alteration
of transcription proteins, blocking G-2/M phase, distortion of tubulin structure, generation of reactive oxygen
species, lipid peroxidation, cell cycle arrest, and anti-proliferation induced cell apoptosis for target specific
cancer treatment. The information was collected from databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar,
Academia, MedLine, and WoS.

Methods:
The literature was surveyed, and keywords like cancer therapeutics, metastasis, proliferation, cell
apoptosis, cell lines, phytoconstituents for cancer management, and related disorders were screened.

Results:
The findings suggested that the crude extracts act as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, or anti-aging
agent exploited in the management of cancers along with treatment of other infectious diseases like ulcers, gout,
liver diseases, respiratory tract infection, renal disorders, blood disorders, CVD, anti-inflammatory and several
wound infections.

Conclusion:
The phytoactive moieties having herbal extracts help improve the compromised immunity status of
affected patients and provide measures for scientific studies of newer anticancer agents in herbal industries.
γ-Synuclein is Closely Involved in Autophagy that Protects Colon Cancer Cell from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Ye Qing , Peng Yuanfei , Huang Feng , Chen Jinhu , Xu Yangmei , Li Yangming , Liu Shengyuan , Huang Lijie 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In previous studies, we provided evidence suggesting the involvement of γ-synuclein
in growth, invasion, and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Among γ-synuclein downstream
genes, the microtubule-associated protein 1 Light Chain 3 (LC3), an autophagy gene, was screened by gene expression
profile chip analysis.

Objective:
We planned to investigate the functional effects of γ-synuclein on autophagy induced by ER stress
in colon cancer cells.

Methods:
We investigated the functional effects of γ-synuclein on autophagy and apoptosis induced by Thapsigargin
(TG), ER stress-inducing agent, in colon cancer cell lines using immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR,
western blot, CCK8 test, flow cytometry analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. To further determine
how γ-synuclein regulated autophagy and apoptosis, PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SP600125 (ERK inhibitor), anisomycin
(JNK activator), and c-Jun siRNA were used respectively in γ-synuclein siRNA transfected HCT116
cells. Then, autophagy proteins, apoptosis proteins, and pathway proteins were detected by western blot analysis.
The expression of autophagy genes was assessed by RT-PCR.

Results:
Our data showed that ER stress-induced colon cancer cells autophagy mainly in the early stage (0-24h)
and apoptosis mainly in the late stage (24-48h). ER stress up-regulated γ-synuclein gene and protein expression
in colon cancer cells, accompanied by autophagy. γ-synuclein protected HCT116 cells by enhancing autophagy
in the early stage (0-24h) through activation of ERK and JNK pathway and inhibiting apoptosis in the late stage
(24-48h) through inhibition of the JNK pathway. γ-synuclein could promote autophagy via the JNK pathway activation
of ATG genes, LC3, Beclin 1, and ATG7. γ-synuclein may play a role in the transition between autophagy
and apoptosis in our model.

Conclusion:
Overall, we provided the first experimental evidence to show that γ-synuclein may play an important
role in autophagy that protects colon cancer cells from ER stress. Therefore, our data suggest a new molecular
mechanism for γ-synuclein-mediated CRC progression.
Nano Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia
Authors: Chopade Atul R. , Mali Suraj N. , Patil Pramod A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
There is an unmet need for effective diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and subsequent hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia). The nanotechnology and nano drug delivery could be a probable answer to solve this problem; this novel technique will surely take diagnosis of pain and anti-inflammatory therapy to newer heights offering faster pain relief to the patient.

Objective:
This study aims to collect more information about aspects of nanotechnology based applications towards pain management.

Methods:
A systemic search has been carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, etc. for relevant articles.

Results and Conclusions:
The article reviews possible application of nano science for betterment of anti-inflammatory therapy, which may help pain researchers. Our systematic analysis of previous studies showed that, with the ease of nanotechnology, we can effectively lower down the side effects and tolerance associated with current pain management systems. Advance nanomaterial based therapies will undoubtedly reduce the time span associated along with fewer side effects. By merging nanotechnology aspects along with drug carrier systems, we can effectively design such systems with inherent properties to treat pain.
Risk Management Benefits and Challenges In Malaysia’s Landscape Architecture Project
Authors: S.Muthuveeran Adam Aruldewan , Mohd Tahir Osman , Ibrahim Roziya , Zairul Mohd 
Published: January 2021

The study aims to review risk management benefits and application challenges in Malaysia landscape architecture projects. Twenty-four professional landscape architecture from Klang Valley region interviewed. Then it analysed using content, and thematic analysis method interpreted and concluded. Found a modest project awareness on risk management benefits to improve project outcome, but multiple challenges factor permits effective risk management application. The study recommended an extensive strategy integrating risk management into the landscape project management process formulated in enabling effective application.
Keywords: landscape architecture project; risk management; benefit; challenges;
eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.192
Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Affouf Mahmoud , Weaver Matthew D , Czeisler Mark É , Barger Laura K , Quan Stuart F , Czeisler Charles A 
Published: January 2021

Background
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, public health policies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have resulted in significant alterations to daily routines (eg, work-from-home policies) that may have enabled longer sleep duration among the general population.

Objective
We aimed to examine changes in estimated sleep duration in 5 major metropolitan areas before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study using estimated sleep duration data obtained from a smartphone app. The data were obtained from regular users of the smartphone app before and after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. We compared within-subject estimated sleep duration before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using generalized linear mixed models.

Results
Among the 2,871,037 observations, 957,022 (33.3%) were from users in London; 549,151 (19.1%) were from users in Los Angeles; 846,527 (29.5%) were from users in New York City; 251,113 (8.7%) were from users in Seoul; and 267,224 (9.3%) were from users in Stockholm. The average age of the users in the sample was 35 years (SE 11 years). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people residing in Seoul had the shortest estimated sleep duration (mean 6 hours 28 minutes, SE 11.6 minutes) and those residing in Stockholm had the longest estimated sleep duration (mean 7 hours 34 minutes, SE 9.9 minutes). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 13.7 minute increase in estimated sleep duration when comparing March 2019 and March 2020 (95% CI 13.1-14.3, P<.001) and an increase of 22.3 minutes when comparing April 2019 and April 2020 (95% CI 21.5-23.1, P<.001).

Conclusions
The average estimated sleep duration increased sharply in the months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies has provided people worldwide with increased opportunities to sleep, which may enhance the response of the immune system to viral pathogens.
Effects of Web-Based Group Mindfulness Training on Stress and Sleep Quality in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Equivalence Analysis
Authors: Lim Julian , Leow Zaven , Ong Jason , Pang Ly-Shan , Lim Eric 
Published: January 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted psychological health. Mindfulness training, which helps individuals attend to the present moment with a nonjudgmental attitude, improves sleep and reduces stress during regular times. Mindfulness training may also be relevant to the mitigation of harmful health consequences during acute crises. However, certain restrictions may necessitate the web-based delivery of mindfulness training (ie, rather than in-person group training settings).

Objective
The objective of our study was to examine the effects of mindfulness interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based interventions.

Methods
Data from an ongoing study were used for this retrospective equivalence analysis. Recruited participants were enrollees from mindfulness courses at a local charity organization that promoted mental wellness. This study had no exclusion criteria. We created three groups; two groups received their training during the COVID-19 pandemic (in-person training group: n=36; videoconferencing group: n=38), and a second control group included participants who were trained before the pandemic (n=86). Our primary outcomes were self-reported stress and sleep quality. Baseline levels and changes in these variables due to mindfulness training were compared among the groups via an analysis of covariance test and two one-tailed t tests.

Results
Baseline perceived stress (P=.50) and sleep quality (P=.22) did not differ significantly among the three groups. Mindfulness training significantly reduced stress in all three groups (P<.001), and this effect was statistically significant when comparing videoconferencing to in-person training (P=.002). Sleep quality improved significantly in the prepandemic training group (P<.001). However, sleep quality did not improve in the groups that received training during the pandemic. Participants reported that they required shorter times to initiate sleep following prepandemic mindfulness training (P<.001), but this was not true for those who received training during the pandemic. Course attendance was high and equivalent across the videoconferencing and comparison groups (P=.02), and participants in the videoconferencing group engaged in marginally more daily practice than the in-person training group.

Conclusions
Web-based mindfulness training via videoconferencing may be a useful intervention for reducing stress during times when traditional, in-person training is not feasible. However, it may not be useful for improving sleep quality.