bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Social Life of Older Adults and Vulnerabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chen Jen-Hao 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The social integration of older adults is crucial for understanding their risk of infection and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the social lives of older adults differ, which means they are not all vulnerable to COVID-19 in the same way. This study analyzes everyday time use and social contacts of older adults to inform discussions of their vulnerabilities during the pandemic.Methods: Using the 2019 American time use survey (N = 4,256, aged 55 and older), hurdle model regressions were used to examine the relationship between age, gender, and six indicators of the degree of social contact and time use, including (1) time alone, (2) time spent with family members, (3) time spent with non-family members, (4) time spent with people in the same household, (5) number of public spaces visited, and (6) time spent in public spaces.Results: Results showed substantial heterogeneity in everyday time use and social contacts. Time in public places gradually decreased from the oldest-old (85 years or older), old-old (75–84 years), to mid-life (55–64 years) adults. The gaps were not explained by age differences in sociodemographic characteristics and social roles. Compared with mid-life adults, time with family members of the young-old and old-old adults decreased, but time with non-family members increased. Age differences in social roles over the life course partially explained the differences.Conclusions: Should these patterns of time use and social contacts persist during COVID-19; then, such variations in the organization of social life may create different exposure contexts and vulnerabilities to social distancing measures among older adults; such information could help inform interventions to better protect this population.
Hill Runner's Physiology, Performance and Nutrition: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Lember Liivia-Mari , Di Virgilio Thomas George , Brown Eilidh MacKenzie , Rodriguez-Sanchez Nidia 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of this descriptive study was to characterise anthropometric variables, aerobic capacity, running performance and energy intake and expenditure of hill runners in free-living conditions, and to investigate the relationship between age, anthropometric variables, aerobic capacity and running performance.Methods: Twenty-eight hill runners participated in this study (17 males and 11 females; aged 18–65 years). Body fat percentage estimate, sum of eight skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinale, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf) and maximal oxygen capacity (VO2max) were assessed in a laboratory setting. Participants also completed a timed hill run (Dumyat Hill, Scotland, ascent: 420 m, distance: 8 km) while wearing a portable gas analyzer to assess oxygen consumption (VO2). Energy intake and energy expenditure were assessed in free-living conditions over three consecutive days different from the testing days through self-reported food diaries and accelerometers.Results: VO2max assessed in the lab (51.2 ± 7.6 ml·min−1·kg−1) showed a weak negative relationship with age [rs(23) = −0.38, p = 0.08]. Neither body fat percentage (median 12.4; IQR 10.1–17.1) nor the sum of skinfolds (median 81.8; IQR 62.4–97.8 mm) correlated with age [rs(28) = 0.001, p = 0.10 and 26 rs(28) = −0.02, p = 0.94, respectively]. The observed intensity of the hill run was 89 ± 6% of the age predicted maximum heart rate and 87 ± 9% of the VO2max observed in the lab. Hill running performance correlated with VO2max [r(21) = 0.76, p &lt; 0.001], age [rs(26) = −0.44, p = 0.02] and with estimated body fat percentage and sum of skinfolds [rs(26) = −0.66, p &lt; 0.001 and rs(26) = −0.49, p = 0.01, respectively]. Energy intake negatively correlated with age [rs(26) = −0.43, p = 0.03], with the overall energy intake being significantly lower than the total energy expenditure (2273 ± 550 vs. 2879 ± 510 kcal·day−1; p &lt; 0.001; d = 1.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that hill running performance is positively associated with greater aerobic capacity and negatively associated with increases in adiposity and age. Further, the study highlights that hill runners are at risk of negative energy balance.
The Efficacy of Moina micrura Enriched with Probiotic Bacillus pocheonensis in Enhancing Survival and Disease Resistance of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Larvae
Authors: Samat Nur Amalina , Yusoff Fatimah Md , Rasdi Nadiah Wan , Karim Murni 
Published: August 2021

The administration of probiotics via live feeds, such as Artemia and rotifers, has gained significant attention. Moreover, indiscriminate use of antibiotics in conventional aquaculture practices in order to prevent or control disease outbreaks has resulted in the occurrence of residues and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the application of eco-friendly feed additives, such as probiotics, as a safer alternative has received increasing attention in recent years. However, only minimal information on the administration of probiotics via freshwater cladoceran Moina micrura is available despite being commonly used for larval and post-larval feeding of freshwater crustaceans and fish. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the application of Bacillus pocheonensis strain S2 administered via M. micrura to red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) larvae. Bacillus pocheonensis that has been previously isolated from Spirulina sp. was subjected to preliminary in vitro evaluation of antagonistic properties. The agar well-diffusion assay revealed that this probiont could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila. The size of inhibition zones ranged from 8.8 ± 0.2 to 18.2 ± 0.4 mm. Moina micrura was later used as a biological model in preliminary in vivo bacterial challenge assays to evaluate the efficacy of B. pocheonensis in protecting the host from diseases. Moina micrura was pre-enriched with B. pocheonensis at 104 and 106 CFU mL−1 before S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila were introduced into the culture. The study revealed that B. pocheonensis at 104 CFU mL−1 was able to significantly enhance the survival of M. micrura after being challenged with both pathogens (63 ± 3%) in comparison to the control group. The relative percentage survival (RPS) of M. micrura was highest (p < 0.05) when treated with B. pocheonensis at both concentrations 104 and 106 CFU mL−1 (38.33) after being challenged against S. agalactiae. To assess the efficacy of B. pocheonensis in protecting red hybrid tilapia against streptococcosis, the larvae were fed with either unenriched (control) Moina or probiont-enriched Moina daily for 10 days. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival rate (77 ± 3%) was observed in larvae fed with probiont-enriched M. micrura compared to other treatments, and the RPS was recorded at 62.90. In addition, the S. agalactiae load was suppressed in larvae fed probiont-enriched M. micrura (6.84±0.39 CFU mL−1) in comparison to the control group (7.78±0.09 CFU mL−1), indicating that the probiont might have contributed to the improvement of tilapia health and survival. This study illustrated that M. micrura was suitable to be used as a vector for probiotics in freshwater fish larvae as an alternative to hazardous antibiotics for disease control.
Facilitating Students’ Multiple Intelligences through RME: A Learning Trajectory of Volume and Surface Area Measurement
Authors: Ahmad Wachidul Kohar  , Achmad Dhany Fachruddin  , Soffil Widadah  
Published: August 2021

This is a design research which aims to describe the learning trajectory of volume and surface area of rectangular prism by considering the involvement of the multiple intelligences-based activities within the realistic mathematics education (RME) learning activity. A total of 39 students of grade five at an elementary school in Sidoarjo, Indonesia were involved in teaching experiment phase. By collecting data through documentation, interviews, and classroom observations, the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory which was developed in pilot experiment was then revised to get a revised learning trajectory reported in this paper. Such a revised learning trajectory are the learning activities around drawing the nets of cube and cuboids through rolling activity, comparing surface are and volume of two models with different sizes, finding surface area using the constructed nets, building miniature buildings using cube unit model, predicting the number cube units in a box, constructing various models of cuboids to various sizes using particular number of cube units, rearranging a number of cube units arrangements with different layers to get different volume and surface area, and comparing the volumes of two rectangular prism made from the same rectangular model of paper. Lastly, at the ‘formal level’ students developed their informal knowledge into formal concepts of volume and surface area of rectangular prism, which in this case is cuboid and cube.
Magnetic Field Draping of the Heliopause and Its Consequences for Radio Emission in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Pogorelov N. V. , Fraternale F. , Kim T. K. , Burlaga L. F. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We discuss the observations and simulations related to the interaction of the solar wind (SW) and local interstellar medium (LISM), and the interstellar magnetic field draping around the heliopause (HP). This Letter sheds light on some processes that are not directly seen in the Voyager data. Special attention is paid to the magnetic field behavior at the HP crossing, penetration of shocks, and compression waves across the HP, and their merging in the LISM surrounding it. Modeling identifies forward and reverse shocks propagating through the heliosheath. Voyager data shows that the magnetic field strength experiences a jump at the HP, while the elevation and azimuthal angles are continuous across it. We show that our prior numerical results are in agreement with the Voyager data, if the heliospheric magnetic field is not assumed unipolar. The simulations confirm the importance of taking into account time dependencies of the SW flow, including the presence of transient structures and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. For the first time, we provide the heliospheric community with the Alfvén speed distribution observed by Voyagers, which shows that it is unexpectedly small and decreases with distance from the HP. This is of critical importance for the identification of physical mechanisms responsible for the Langmuir wave and radio emission generation behind the HP. The data shows that outward-propagating, subcritical shocks traversing the LISM have a rather wide dissipation structure, which raises questions about their ability to reflect electrons as collisionless shocks can do.
A Corotating Group of Dwarf Galaxies around NGC 2750 as a Centaurus A Analog
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Yoon Suk-Jin , Smith Rory 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study a low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 2750 (∼5 times less massive than the Milky Way), located ∼40 Mpc away in a sparse region that hosts seven satellite galaxies within a projected distance of 150 Kpc. Among them six are star-forming dwarfs with stellar masses of >≈107
M
⊙ and one is an early-type dwarf with a stellar mass of 2.6 × 106
M
⊙. The star-forming dwarfs are gas rich, with gas mass fractions as high as Log(M
H i
/M
*) = 1.2 and their star formation rates vary between 0.03 and 0.35 M
⊙ yr−1. The projected distances and measured radial velocities of the six star-forming satellites provide a high probability that they are members of the group. The radial velocity distribution of the six satellites exhibits evidence of a systematic corotation. We devise a method to quantify such a corotation signal by calculating the correlation coefficient between satellites’ relative line-of-sight velocities (ΔV
r) and their sky-projected distances from the host (R
p). For the NGC 2750 system, we show a clear correlation between ΔV
r and R
p, with a Pearson’s R correlation coefficient c = 0.90 and p-value = 0.005. We compare the NGC 2750 system with the Centaurus A (NGC 5128) system, a previously known corotating group, and conclude that the former could be a small version of the latter but is located in an isolated field, away from the influence of the large-scale structure. The results open up opportunities to explore the galactic anisotropy phenomenon on a low-mass scale and in a rarified environment.
Seeing-sorted Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph U-band Imaging of the GOODS-south Field*
Authors: Otteson Lillian , McCabe Tyler , Ashcraft Teresa A. , Windhorst Rogier A. , Jansen Rolf A. , Cohen Seth H. , Nonino Mario , Paris Diego , Grazian Andrea , Fontana Adriano , Giallongo Emanuele , Speziali Roberto , Testa Vincenzo , Boutsia Konstantina , Koekemoer Anton , O’Connell Robert W. , Rutkowski Michael J. , Ryan Russell E. , Scarlata Claudia , Teplitz Harry 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present the optimal resolution and optimal depth U-filter mosaics using the seeing-sorted method of Ashcraft et al. on deep, ground-based U-bandimaging of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South field as part of the near-UV imaging program UVCANDELS. We use the U-bandimages obtained with the VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope by Nonino et al. Our best resolution mosaic includes images with a seeing full-width half maximum (FWHM) ≤ 0.″8, and encompasses 50% of the data. Our best depth mosaic includes images with FWHM ≤ 1.″5, corresponding to 100% of the data. Prior to being combined, the source fluxes in each individual background-subtracted image are corrected to match a 3D-HST photometric catalog of the same field to correct variations in the U-band zero-points. These mosaics provide deep U-banddata complementary to the UVCANDELS HST WFC3 F275W and ACS F435W images. We assess the depth of both U-bandmosaics.
Assessment of Psychological Distress among the General Public in Saudi Arabia during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic
Authors: Almanasef Mona , Almaghaslah Dalia 
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID 19 and its preventative measures have disrupted people's day-to-day lives and jobs and consequently had an impact on their health and wellbeing. Studies have revealed high levels of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychological distress among the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it aimed to determine the characteristics of highly susceptible population.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire gathering sociodemographic information and using the Kessler scale, which measures psychological distress. A total of 1,058 people agreed to participate in the study and completed the questionnaire.
Results: The study findings showed that 48.6% (n=514) of the study’s respondents were psychologically distressed, i.e. either in the high or very high distress category. Significantly higher ratings of psychological distress were observed among female participants, younger adults, those who self-reported poor health status, single persons, students, individuals with caring responsibilities and those who have no access to a private outdoor space. This distress was also found among those who have been in close or indirect contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 infection, P< 0.05.
Conclusion: Psychological distress has been widely prevalent among the general public in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Saudi government and the health authorities should pay special attention to the highly susceptible population and implement effective strategies to preserve and improve the mental health and wellbeing of these individuals.
Occurrence of the insectivores and rodents in the Samarskaya Luka (European Russia)
Authors: Kirillova Nadezhda , Kirillov Alexander , Vekhnik Victoria , Klenina Anastasia 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present our dataset containing up-to-date information about occurrences of small mammals (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha and Rodentia) on the territory of Samarskaya Luka. It is a bend of the Volga River in the southern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Plain (European Russia). This unique territory is surrounded on almost all sides by water. The dataset summarises small mammal occurrences noted in long-term studies in Samarskaya Luka from 2000 to 2020. A major part of the dataset was obtained during our helminthological study of small mammals. Besides, some data were attained when studying the ecology of tree-dwelling rodents. Our studies of small mammals were conducted by trap lines and direct observations in the wild. The dataset includes 8147 records of erinaceomorphs, soricomorphs and rodents of 26 species (of total 28) belonging to three orders, nine families and 21 genera. It is based on the research of the staff of the Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Zhiguli State Nature Reserve. The distribution of erinaceomorphs, soricomorphs and rodents in Samarskaya Luka has not been completely studied and further investigation may well discover new small mammal habitats.Our dataset contains new information on occurrences of erinaceomorphs, soricomorphs and rodents in Samarskaya Luka (European Russia). All occurrence records of 26 mammal species with georeferencing are published in GBIF for the first time. The occurrence data are stored in our field journals and we would like to make them available to all researchers.
Pars Plana Lensectomy, Pars Plana Vitrectomy, and Silicone Oil Tamponade as Initial Management of Cataract and Combined Traction/Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Involving the Macula Associated With Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Douglas Mark J. , Scott Ingrid U. , Flynn Harry W. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate visual acuity and anatomic outcomes, and complications, following pars plana lensectomy, pars plana vitrectomy, and silicone oil tamponade (PPL/PPV/SO) in the initial management of cataract and combined traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the macula associated with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series including all patients who underwent PPL/PPV/SO for the initial management of cataract and traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the macula associated with severe PDR at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1989 and 2000. Main outcome measures included visual acuity and rates of retinal reattachment and reoperation.

RESULTS:

The study included 22 eyes of 22 patients. The mean follow-up was 15.2 months. Preoperatively, 13 of 22 (59%) fellow (non-study) eyes had vision of light perception or worse, and 7 (32%) had vision of no light perception. The number of study eyes with a best-corrected vision of 20/400 or better increased from 5 (23%) preoperatively to 12 (55%) at 6 months (
P
< .05) and 15 (68%) at final follow-up (
P
< .05). The macula was attached at final follow-up in 20 (91%) eyes. In 14 (64%) eyes, silicone oil was removed at a mean of 8.4 months following retinal detachment repair; postoperative vision was 20/400 or better in 11 (79%) of these eyes at 6 months and 13 (93%) at final follow-up. In contrast, only 1 of 8 (13%) eyes with retained silicone oil achieved a postoperative vision of 20/400 or better (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Initial management with PPL/PPV/SO can achieve favorable anatomic and visual outcomes in selected patients with cataract and traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the macula associated with severe PDR. This surgical approach should be especially considered in patients with traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the macula in one eye and poor vision in the fellow eye.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:270–278.]
Vertical Conjunctival Bridge Flaps in Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Kaya Murat , Tunç Murat 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the recurrence rates and clinical outcome following pterygium surgery using a vertical conjunctival bridge flap technique.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included 500 patients operated on for primary or recurrent pterygium during 6 years (between 1994 and 2000). Following receipt of informed consent, the patients were randomly distributed into two treatment groups: 250 patients were operated on using a vertical conjunctival bridge flap technique (Group 1) and the remaining 250 patients were operated on using a bare sclera technique (Group 2). Demographic characteristics of the patients were compared by analysis of variance. The mean follow-up period was 16 months, with a minimum of 6 months. The intraoperative and postoperative complications and recurrence rates were compared for each group.

RESULTS:

There was no statistically significant difference in age and gender distribution of the patients between the two groups (
P
> .05). The most common intraoperative complication was a broken or irregular flap, which was seen in 6 of 250 cases (2%) in the vertical conjunctival bridge flap group. The recurrence rate was 2% in the vertical conjunctival bridge flap group compared with 40% in the bare sclera group (
P
< .01).

CONCLUSION:
The vertical conjunctival bridge flap technique is a safe and effective method in pterygium surgery and offers low recurrence rates.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:279–283.]
Mid-Term Follow-up of Nd:YAG Laser Iridotomy in Asian Eyes
Authors: Hsiao Ching-Hsi , Hsu Ching-Tarng , Shen Su-Chin , Chen Henry S. L. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the long-term results of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in the treatment of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma and occludable angles to evaluate the risk–benefit ratio and the role of gonioscopy in predicting the outcome after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The records of 138 consecutive patients (231 eyes) who underwent Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in one hospital during 3 years (from 1989 to 1991) were reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 51 months.

RESULTS:
Of all eyes, 25.1% were treated for chronic angle-closure glaucoma and 10.8% were treated for acute angle-closure glaucoma; most eyes (64.1%) underwent prophylactic iridotomy for occludable angles. Decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) was noted in most eyes after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy; only 10 eyes required further filtration surgery. Visual acuity was unchanged or improved in 97.9% of all eyes at the 6-month visit. Cataract progression was primarily responsible for those eyes with decreased acuity. Ninety-seven percent of eyes had quantitatively wider angles after laser treatment; 8 of 14 eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae of more than 270° underwent further surgery to control IOP. Transient elevated IOP and iris bleeding occurred in 23.5% and 12.2% of the eyes, respectively; other complications were rare.

CONCLUSION:
Nd:YAG laser iridotomy is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment and prevention of angle-closure glaucoma. Gonioscopy is useful to predict the outcome after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:291–298.]