bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of value in sustainable infrastructure systems: a literature review
Authors: Zuluaga Santiago , Karney Bryan W , Saxe Shoshanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfrastructure choices and decisions widely employ the language of value, whether to articulate what is worthwhile or to debate which principles or approaches are most appropriate to specific contexts. As the world strives to achieve long-term sustainability goals, incorporating sustainability values into infrastructure decision-making becomes progressively more important. Yet, the term ‘value’ has been used under different meanings and implications throughout the infrastructure sustainability literature, obstructing the debate on which values are important and what is valuable to infrastructure decision-making processes. This paper reviews how the concept of value has been used to position different sustainability dimensions of large infrastructure systems. Specifically, a conceptual framework proposed by Tadakiet alis used to highlight different notions of infrastructure value under four general headings: value as a magnitude of preference, as a contribution to specified goals, as a means of communicating key priorities, and as a representation of historical relations. This review shows that the discussion of infrastructure value has often focussed on monetary measures to the exclusion of other relevant measures of value. However, if long-term sustainability goals are to be met, a transformation of the ways that value is understood and measured in the context of infrastructure systems is required. This review discusses key similarities, interdependencies, and disparities between published notions of infrastructure value in order to provide a conceptual reference guide that highlights the variety of perspectives that are both implicit and explicit among practitioners and academics.
Role of Yoga and Its Plausible Mechanism in the Mitigation of DNA Damage in Type-2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nair Rajesh G , Vasudev Mithila M , Mavathur Ramesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough yoga is found to be beneficial in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), its mechanism of action is poorly understood. T2D is also known to be associated with increased oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage.PurposeThis study examines how yoga modulates OS-induced DNA damage and the efficiency of DNA repair in T2D conditions.MethodsIn this assessor-masked randomized clinical trial, T2D subjects (n = 61), aged (Mean ± SD, 50.3 ± 4.2) were randomly allocated into Yoga group (31) that received 10 weeks of yoga intervention and Control (30) with routine exercises. Molecular and biochemical assessments were done before and after the intervention period. Structural Equation Modeling using “R” was used for mediation analysis.ResultsAt the end of the 10th week, Yoga group showed significant reduction in DNA damage indicators like Tail Moment (−5.88[95%CI: −10.47 to −1.30]; P = .013) and Olive Tail Moment (−2.93[95%CI: −4.87 to −1.00]; P &lt; .01), oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG (−60.39[95%CI: −92.55 to −28.23]; P &lt; .001) and Fasting Blood Sugar (-22.58[95%CI: −44.33 to −0.83]; P = .042) compared to Control. OGG1 protein expression indicating DNA repair, improved significantly (17.55[95%CI:1.37 to 33.73]; P = .034) whereas Total Antioxidant Capacity did not (5.80[95%CI: -0.86 to 12.47]; P = 0.086). Mediation analysis indicated that improvements in oxidative DNA damage and DNA repair together played a major mediatory role (97.4%) in carrying the effect of yoga.ConclusionThe beneficial effect of yoga on DNA damage in T2D subjects was found to be mediated by mitigation of oxidative DNA damage and enhancement of DNA repair.Clinical Trial information(www.ctri.nic.in) CTRI/2018/07/014825
Pre-operative prognostic factors for walking capacity after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review
Authors: McIlroy Suzanne , Walsh Edward , Sothinathan Christina , Stovold Elizabeth , Norwitz Daniel , Norton Sam , Weinman John , Bearne Lindsay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) reduces walking and quality of life. It is the main indication for spinal surgery in older people yet 40% report walking disability post-operatively. Identifying the prognostic factors of post-operative walking capacity could aid clinical decision-making, guide rehabilitation and optimise health outcomes.

Objective
To synthesise the evidence for pre-operative mutable and immutable prognostic factors for post-operative walking in adults with LSS.

Design
Systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Methods
Electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, OpenGrey) were searched for observational studies, evaluating factors associated with walking after surgery in adults receiving surgery for LSS from database inception to January 2020. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias (Quality in Prognosis Studies). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method was used to determine level of evidence for each factor.

Results
5526 studies were screened for eligibility. Thirty-four studies (20 cohorts, 9,973 participants, 26 high, 2 moderate, 6 low risk of bias) were included. Forty variables (12 mutable) were identified. There was moderate quality of evidence that pre-operative walking capacity was positively associated with post-operative walking capacity. The presence of spondylolisthesis and the severity of stenosis were not associated with post-operative walking capacity. All other factors investigated had low/very low level of evidence.

Conclusion
Greater pre-operative walking is associated with greater post-operative walking capacity but not spondylolisthesis or severity of stenosis. Few studies have investigated mutable prognostic factors that could be potentially targeted to optimise surgical outcomes.
Telling America’s Story to the World: Literature, Internationalism, Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Stecopoulos Harilaos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article argues that state and state-affiliated cultural diplomacy contributed to the making of postwar US literature. Highlighting the role of liberal internationalism in US cultural outreach, I contend that the state mainly sent authors like Robert Frost, William Faulkner, Langston Hughes, and Maxine Hong Kingston overseas not to demonstrate the superiority of US civilization, but rather to broadcast an American commitment to international cross-cultural connection. Those writers-cum-ambassadors didn’t so much help the state achieve its propaganda goals—indeed, this rarely proved the case—as find in their assignments an opportunity to ponder the international meanings and possibilities of US literature. For many of those figures, courting foreign publics inspired a reevaluation of the scope and form of their own literary projects. Testifying to the inadvertent yet integral role of cultural diplomacy in the worlding of US letters, works like The Mansion (1959), Life Studies (1959), “Cultural Exchange” (1961), and Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1989) reimagine the literary in a global, mobile, and distinctly political register.
States of Mind: Consent and Literary Fiction in the US
Authors: Olwell Victoria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US, what did it mean, and for whom, to ground the state’s legitimacy in the consent of the governed, or to see the whole range of economic, familial, and social relationships to mirror and amplify that consensual basis? And what roles did prose fiction, particularly the novel, play in elaborating a model of legitimate rule that was tied up with contests over both politics and subjectivity? The book described in this article takes up these questions. Controversies about consent were driven by the fact that groups historically excluded from full citizenship were struggling, with mixed success, to be counted among the citizens whose consent mattered to the legitimacy of the state and its democratic life. These controversies were deepened by evolving and intersecting models of political order and psychology. Although consent was an object of legislative and juridical dispute, it was also examined in a wide-reaching vernacular discourse. Literary fiction seized on controversies about consent, using the resources of narrative form not only in directly political ways, as in advocacy for rights, but also in theoretical ways that probed the complexities of consent and its connections to social order.
Global changes explain the long-term demographic trend of the Eurasian common lizard (Squamata: Lacertidae)
Authors: Horreo Jose L , Fitze Patrick S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The demographic trend of a species depends on the dynamics of its local populations, which can be compromised by local or by global phenomena. However, the relevance of local and global phenomena has rarely been investigated simultaneously. Here, we tested whether local phenomena compromised a species’ demographic trend using the Eurasian common lizard Zootoca vivipara, the terrestrial reptile exhibiting the widest geographic distribution, as a model species. We analyzed the species’ ancient demographic trend using genetic data from its 6 allopatric genetic clades and tested whether its demographic trend mainly depended on single clades or on global phenomena. Zootoca vivipara’s effective population size increased since 2.3 million years ago and started to increase steeply and continuously from 0.531 million years ago. Population growth rate exhibited 2 maxima, both occurring during global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere. Effective population size and growth rate were negatively correlated with global surface temperatures, in line with global parameters driving long-term demographic trends. Zootoca vivipara’s ancient demography was neither driven by a single clade, nor by the 2 clades that colonized huge geographic areas after the last glaciation. The low importance of local phenomena, suggests that the experimentally demonstrated high sensitivity of this species to short-term ecological changes is a response in order to cope with short-term and local changes. This suggests that what affected its long-term demographic trend the most, were not these local changes/responses, but rather the important and prolonged global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere, including the opening up of the forest by humans.
Low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin in patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity: an analysis from the COMPASS trial
Authors: Vanassche Thomas , Verhamme Peter , Anand Sonia S , Shestakovska Olga , Leong Darryl P , Fox Keith A A , Bhatt Deepak L , Avezum Alvaro , Alings Marco , Aboyans Victor , Maggioni Aldo P , Widimsky Petr , Muehlhofer Eva , Berkowitz Scott D , Yusuf Salim , Connolly Stuart J , Eikelboom John W , Bosch Jackie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
To analyse whether the benefits and risks of rivaroxaban plus aspirin vary in patients with comorbidities and receiving multiple drugs. In patients with coronary or peripheral artery disease, adding low-dose rivaroxaban to aspirin reduces cardiovascular events and mortality. Polypharmacy and multimorbidity are frequent in such patients.

Methods and results
We describe ischaemic events (cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction) and major bleeding in participants from the randomized, double-blind COMPASS study by number of cardiovascular medications and concomitant medical conditions. We compared event rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for rivaroxaban plus aspirin vs. aspirin alone by the number of medications and concomitant conditions, and tested for interaction between polypharmacy or multimorbidity and the antithrombotic regimen. The risk of ischaemic events was higher in patients with more concomitant drugs (HR 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.5–2.1 for &gt;4 vs. 0–2) and with more comorbidities (HR 2.3, 1.8–2.1 for &gt;3 vs. 0–1). Multimorbidity, but not polypharmacy, was associated with a higher risk of major bleeding. The relative efficacy, safety, and net clinical benefit of rivaroxaban were not affected by the number of drugs or comorbidities. Patients taking more concomitant medications derived the largest absolute reduction in the net clinical outcome with added rivaroxaban (1.1% vs. 0.4% reduction with &gt;4 vs. 0–2 cardiovascular drugs, number needed to treat 91 vs. 250).

Conclusion
Adding low-dose rivaroxaban to aspirin resulted in benefits irrespective of the number of concomitant drugs or comorbidities. Multiple comorbidities and/or polypharmacy should not dissuade the addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin in otherwise eligible patients.
Enforcement of Labour Regulation and the Labour Market Effects of Trade: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Ponczek Vladimir , Ulyssea Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
How does enforcement of labour regulations shape the labour market effects of trade? We combine local economic shocks generated by the unilateral trade liberalisation in Brazil and enforcement variation across regions to show that regions with stricter enforcement observed: (i) lower informality; (ii) larger losses in overall employment; (iii) greater reductions in the number of formal plants. Regions with weaker enforcement experienced opposite effects. All these effects are concentrated on low-skill workers. Our results indicate that greater flexibility introduced by informality allows both formal firms and low-skill workers to cope better with adverse labour market shocks.
Microbiome response differs among selected lines of Sydney rock oysters to ocean warming and acidification
Authors: Scanes Elliot , Parker Laura M , Seymour Justin R , Siboni Nachshon , King William L , Wegner K Mathias , Dove Michael C , O'Connor Wayne A , Ross Pauline M 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTOyster microbiomes are integral to healthy function and can be altered by climate change conditions. Genetic variation among oysters is known to influence the response of oysters to climate change and may ameliorate any adverse effects on oyster microbiome; however, this remains unstudied. Nine full-sibling selected breeding lines of the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) were exposed to predicted warming (ambient = 24°C, elevated = 28°C) and ocean acidification (ambient pCO2 = 400, elevated pCO2 = 1000 µatm) for 4 weeks. The haemolymph bacterial microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA (V3–V4) gene sequencing and varied among oyster lines in the control (ambient pCO2, 24°C) treatment. Microbiomes were also altered by climate change dependent on oyster lines. Bacterial α-diversity increased in response to elevated pCO2 in two selected lines, while bacterial β-diversity was significantly altered by combinations of elevated pCO2 and temperature in four selected lines. Climate change treatments caused shifts in the abundance of multiple amplicon sequence variants driving change in the microbiome of some selected lines. We show that oyster genetic background may influence the Sydney rock oyster haemolymph microbiome under climate change and that future assisted evolution breeding programs to enhance resilience should consider the oyster microbiome.
βPS-Integrin acts downstream of Innexin 2 in modulating stretched cell morphogenesis in the Drosophila ovary
Authors: Huang Yi-Chia , Chen Kuan-Han , Chen Yu-Yang , Tsao Liang-Hsuan , Yeh Tsung-Han , Chen Yu-Chia , Wu Ping-Yen , Wang Tsu-Wei , Yu Jenn-Yah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During oogenesis, a group of specialized follicle cells, known as stretched cells (StCs), flatten drastically from cuboidal to squamous shape. While morphogenesis of epithelia is critical for organogenesis, genes and signaling pathways involved in this process remain to be revealed. In addition to formation of gap junctions for intercellular exchange of small molecules, gap junction proteins form channels or act as adaptor proteins to regulate various cellular behaviors. In invertebrates, gap junction proteins are Innexins. Knockdown of Innexin 2 but not other Innexins expressed in follicle cells attenuates StC morphogenesis. Interestingly, blocking of gap junctions with an inhibitor carbenoxolone does not affect StC morphogenesis, suggesting that Innexin 2 might control StCs flattening in a gap-junction-independent manner. An excessive level of βPS-Integrin encoded by myospheroid is detected in Innexin 2 mutant cells specifically during StC morphogenesis. Simultaneous knockdown of Innexin 2 and myospheroid partially rescues the morphogenetic defect resulted from Innexin 2 knockdown. Furthermore, reduction of βPS-Integrin is sufficient to induce early StCs flattening. Taken together, our data suggest that βPS-Integrin acts downstream of Innexin 2 in modulating StCs morphogenesis.
The Chromosome-Level Genome ofTriplophysa dalaica(Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) Provides Insights into Its Survival in Extremely Alkaline Environment
Authors: Zhou Chuanjiang , Hu Bo , Tang Yongtao , Yang Changxing , Ma Wenwen , Wang Xi , Liu Ruyao , Yan Xuemeng , Dong Jing , Wang Xianfeng , Nie Guoxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLake Dali Nur, located in Inner Mongolia, North China, is alkaline, with Triplophysa dalaica one of the three fish species that not only survive, but thrive, in the lake. To investigate the presence of molecular mutations potentially responsible for this adaptation, the whole-genome sequence of the species was sequenced.A total of 126.5 and 106 Gb data, covering nearly 200× of the estimated genome, were generated using long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology, respectively. De novo assembly generated a genome totalled 607.91 Mb, with a contig N50 of 9.27 Mb. Nearly all whole-genome sequences were anchored and oriented onto 25 chromosomes, with telomeres for most chromosomes also being recovered. Repeats comprised approximately 35.01% of the whole genome. A total of 23,925 protein-coding genes were predicted, within which, 98.62% could be functionally annotated. Through comparisons of T. dalaica, T. tibetana, and T. siluroides gene models, a total of 898 genes were identified as likely being subjected to positive selection, with several of them potentially associated with alkaline adaptation, such as sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, SLC4A4. Demographic analyses suggested that the Dali population might have diverged from endemic freshwater Hai River populations, approximately 1 Ma.The high-quality T. dalaica genome, created in this study, not only aids in the analyses of alkaline adaptation, but may also assist in revealing the mysteries of the highly divergent genus Triplophysa in the future.
“With a little help from the people”: Actio popularis and the politics of judicial review of constitutional amendments in Colombia 1955–90
Authors: Benítez-R Vicente F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article examines the reasons behind the consolidation of the Supreme Court of Colombia’s authority during the second half of the twentieth century as the ultimate umpire of amendments’ constitutionality. After analyzing the case law of the Supreme Court between 1955 and 1990 and the political environment in which it rendered its decisions, the article claims that the Court managed to cement its power to review amendments thanks to the presence of a novel constitutional experiment, as well as to the existence of certain political conditions. With respect to the first factor, an actio popularis (by which any citizen had the right to petition the Court and challenge the constitutionality of legislation) granted the Supreme Court a constant flow of cases that allowed it to entertain and adjudicate on citizens’ petitions questioning the constitutionality of amendments. Regarding the latter factor, democracy and political pluralism gave the Court some room to quietly consolidate its jurisdiction to review amendments and, eventually, quash some of them. The article concludes with a cautionary note on the success of actio popularis and the doctrine of unconstitutional constitutional amendments as deployed by the Supreme Court.
Association and pathways between shift work and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study of 238 661 participants from UK Biobank
Authors: Ho Frederick K , Celis-Morales Carlos , Gray Stuart R , Demou Evangelia , Mackay Daniel , Welsh Paul , Katikireddi S Vittal , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to study the association between shift work and incident and fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to explore modifying and mediating factors.

Methods
This is a population-based, prospective cohort study with a median follow-up of 11 years; 238 661 UK Biobank participants who were in paid employment or self-employed at baseline assessment were included.

Results
Shift workers had higher risk of incident [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.19] and fatal (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08–1.44) CVD compared with non-shift workers, after adjusting for socio-economic and work-related factors. The risk was higher with longer duration of shift work, in women and in jobs with little heavy manual labour. Current smoking, short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, adiposity, higher glycated haemoglobin and higher cystatin C were identified as the main potentially modifiable mediators. Mediators collectively explained 52.3% of the associations between shift work and incident CVDs.

Conclusions
Shift workers have higher risk of incident and fatal CVD, partly mediated through modifiable risk factors such as smoking, sleep duration and quality, adiposity and metabolic status. Workplace interventions targeting these mediators have the potential to alleviate shift workers’ CVD risk.
Intelligent energy optimization system development and validation for German building types
Authors: Gökçe H Ufuk , Gökçe K Umut 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cost-effective building energy optimization solutions have a strategic function to assist German and European energy policies for the simple reason that buildings account for 40% of the total energy consumption in Europe. The International Energy Agency considers energy efficiency as the first fuel and a major resource. In this work, a cost-effective building energy optimization system consisting of 14 different wireless network embedded sensors, control units (actuators), wireless communication protocol, multi-dimensional information management system, context sensitive graphical user interfaces and energy optimization software with artificial intelligence-backed control algorithms is examined. The R&D activity is accomplished in the ‘Intelligent Building Energy Management System’ research project, which is funded by the State of Lower Saxony (Germany) in the frame of Innovation Support Program between the years 2014 and 2018. The ‘Energy Optimization System (EOS)’, which is subject to this research, reduces the total energy use and CO2 emissions of buildings through optimization of energy-consuming building systems, such as heating, cooling, lighting systems and home/office appliances with the support of an integrated system solution consisting of artificial intelligence-based software and wireless network embedded hardware. The system is deployed and validated in two appropriately selected test buildings in Germany. It has been recorded that the system provides energy efficiency levels between 29.34% and 38.18% under different seasonal and occupancy conditions in office and residential building types. The developed system can be deployed to all types of historical and new buildings to optimize energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.