bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workload in a group of Latin American teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Medina-Guillen Leonardo Flavio , Quintanilla-Ferrufino Gustavo Jared , Palma-Vallejo Margarita , Medina Guillen Mónica Fernanda 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The viral disease Covid-19 -currently a pandemic- forced to accommodate measures of social distancing with the intention of limiting its expansion, including: teleworking and online (virtual) teaching. Would the sudden shift from face-to-face classroom to virtual education result in teacher work overload? If so, what are the influencing factors? Objective. Analyze the workload of teachers in Latin America, at three different educational levels, during the COVID-19 pandemic in June and July 2020. Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A 37-question questionnaire was used, with a Hernández-Nieto content validity coefficient of 0.99 and a temporal stability coefficient 0.91. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019, measures of central tendency and frequency analysis were used. Results. 887 teachers were surveyed for whom sociodemographic characteristics are detailed and their personal, technical, institutional and space load factors assessed. Student dropout percentage was also ascertained. Conclusion. The surveyed teachers perceived an increase in workload due to the factors studied, intertwined with an increase in student desertion. The abrupt change in the modality from face-to-face to virtual education has generated a reorganization of work and family life, teleworking from home requires a clear delimitation by teachers of the work schedules and functions involved in the various aspects of online education.
Objective Evidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease is Rare in Patients with Autoimmune Gastritis
Authors: Pilotto Valentina , Maddalo Gemma , Orlando Costanza , Fassan Matteo , Rugge Massimo , Farinati Fabio , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) often complain of acid reflux symptoms, despite the evidence of hypo-achlorhydria. Rome IV criteria are used to define functional esophageal disorders. Our aim was to characterize gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) phenotypes in patients with AAG.
Methods: Between 2017-2018, 172 AAG patients were evaluated at Gastro-Oncology outpatient clinic of University of Padua. Of them, 38 patients with reflux symptoms underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH). Seventy-six AAG consecutive patients asymptomatic for gastroesophageal reflux were selected as age and gender matched controls. Serum biomarkers (pepsinogens, gastrin-17 and Helicobacter pylori antibodies), upper endoscopy, histology and clinical data were compared.
Results: Out of 38/172 (22%) AAG patients with reflux symptoms, 2/38 had a GERD diagnosis based on abnormal esophageal acid exposure and 6/38 had a major motility disorder (i.e. outflow obstruction). Among the 30/38 patients with normal endoscopic findings, 9/30 had reflux hypersensitivity, 19 functional heartburn, 1 functional globus, 1 functional chest pain according to the Rome IV criteria. Antral atrophy, advanced corpus atrophy and OLGA stage were more frequent in controls than in reflux patients (p=0.01, p=0.031, p=0.01, respectively). No differences were found for serum biomarkers and symptom presentation. Most of the patients received proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment (87%), with a minority (34%) reporting clinical benefit.
Conclusions: Reflux symptoms are relatively common in AAG patients, but a firm diagnosis of GERD is rare (5%), whereas most of the patients have a functional disorder. PPI treatment is mostly clinical ineffective and should not be largely indicated.
Histological Remission in Ulcerative Colitis in Deep Remission under Treatment with Adalimumab
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Nenna Rosanna , Musci Giovanni , Elisei Walter , Picchio Marcello 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Histological remission (HR) has been recently demonstrated as the last therapeutic goal in ulcerative colitis (UC), but it is unknown whether and how it may occur. Our aim was to assess the histology during the follow-up of an UC population in deep remission under treatment with adalimumab (ADA).
Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 22 UC patients who were in deep remission and followed-up while receiving therapy with ADA. Colonoscopy in those patients was performed every year. Four-quadrant biopsies every 10 cm were obtained during each colonoscopy and assessed by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Histological activity was classified using the Geboes scale.
Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up of those patients was 28±7 months, and 2,592 biopsy specimens in total were taken during 108 colonoscopies performed during the follow-up. At the beginning of the follow-up, histological inflammation was found in 15/22 (68.2%) of patients in deep remissio while receiving maintenance ADA therapy, 8/22 (36.4%) of them with Geboes score ≥3.1. At the end of the follow-up, when patients were still in deep remission while receiving maintenance ADA therapy, only 4 patients (18.2%) had at least one biopsy specimen with evidence of any histological inflammation during the follow-up; only two patients (9.1%) had Geboes score ≥3.1.
Conclusions: Our study shows for the first time that UC patients in deep remission under ADA may reach HR, but it seems slower than other clinical or endoscopic goals.
Environmental and Dietary Risk Factors for Colonic Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Authors: Lukosiene Jaune Ieva , Reichert Matthias Christian , Lammert Frank , Schramm Christoph , Goeser Tobias , Kiudelis Gediminas , Jonaitis Laimas Virginijus , Tamelis Algimantas , Kupcinskas Juozas 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Colonic diverticulosis (CD) is among the most common conditions of the large bowel. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk of CD and its complications, including advanced age, obesity, physical inactivity, and a low-fiber diet. Available data is conflicting and a comprehensive analysis of different bowel, dietary and environmental habits linked with CD is lacking. We aimed to investigate the relationship between potential risk factors and CD prevalence using full data from a colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study in Europe.
Methods: The study was conducted at three tertiary referral centers in Germany and Lithuania. It included consecutive adult patients referred for routine colonoscopy who completed a detailed questionnaire on our considered multiple risk factors for diverticulosis and diverticulitis, including dietary and environmental factors, and bowel habits.
Results: The study included 1,333 patients, 696 women and 635 men. Colonic diverticulosis was diagnosed in 858 (64%) of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.06–1.10, p<0.001) and obesity (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02–1.09, p=0.004) were associated with CD. We also revealed new risk factors for CD: increased frequency of bowel movements (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.33, p<0.001) and feeling of incomplete bowel emptying (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.47–2.87, p<0.001). Older participants had reduced odds (OR: 0.921, 95 CI: 0.89–0.95, p<0.05) of diverticulitis compared to younger subjects. Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after defecation was associated with increased odds (OR: 2.769, 95% CI 1.35–5.7, p<0.006) for diverticulitis. Moreover, participants with a higher educational status had increased odds (OR: 2.453, 95%CI: 1.31–4.59, p=0.005) for diverticulitis compared to the lower education group.
Conclusions: Study shows that older age, obesity, frequency of bowel movements, and feeling of incomplete bowel emptying are associated with the risk of CD. Furthermore, older age, feeling of incomplete bowel emptying, and higher education were associated with the risk of diverticulitis among CD patients.
Effectiveness of 8- and 12-Week Treatment with Ombitasvir/ Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir in Treatment-Naïve HCV Patients in a Real-Life Setting in Romania: the AMETHYST Study
Authors: Trifan Anca , Stanciu Carol , Iliescu Laura , Sporea Ioan , Baroiu Liliana , Diculescu Mircea , Luca Mihaela-Catalina , Miftode Egidia , Cijevschi Cristina , Mihai Catalina , Sparchez Zeno-Adrian , Pojoga Cristina , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Gheorghe Liliana 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: The 12-week regimen of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir (OPrD) has shown high efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The shorter 8-week regimen has been recently incorporated into clinical guidelines and on-label indications, but real-world evidence on its use is limited. Given this knowledge gap, the AMETHYST study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 8- and 12-week regimens of OPrD in treatment-naive patients with HCV with mild to moderate liver fibrosis in Romanian clinical practice.
Methods: This was a secondary data collection study analyzing data from a 1-year Patient Support Program in HCV in Romania. Patients received OPrD treatment for 8 or 12 weeks. The effectiveness endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12).
Results: A total of 1,835 treatment-naive patients with HCV with mild or moderate fibrosis were included in the study. Of these, 426 and 1,375 completed the 8-week and 12-week regimens, respectively. SVR12 was 98.1% in the 8-week treatment group and 98.7% in the 12-week treatment group.
Conclusion: The study provides real-world evidence that 8-week and 12-week treatment regimens of OPrD are highly effective in treatment-naive patients with HCV with mild to moderate liver fibrosis.
Evaluation of responses embryogenic Cycas revoluta thumb., from callus culture obtained in vitro
Authors: de la O JL Rodriguez , J Flores VA  Lazarus , Monterrubio MS Robledo , Cruz F Contreras 
Published: March 2021

Processes cell differentiation and dedifferentiation are included in the development of biotechnology protocols to promote somatic embryogenesis as an alternative to the in vitro propagation of plants, somatic embryos may be an excellent strategy for both propagation and conservation of fossil species such as cycads. They were evaluated in vitro with different strategies, morphogenic responses associated with obtaining somatic embryos of C. revolute. calli of megagametophytes, subsequently subcultured in four combinations of basic salts of Murashige and Skoog (1962) MS, with the addition of benzyladenine (BA), and 2, dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) were used, and kinetin (K), and picloram. In the results, It was possible to characterize potentially embryogenic callus, evaluating the levels of both cellular differentiation, necrosis, texture and color; and increases mass or weight considered to start differentiation or proembryogenic or globular type. Calli were subcultured in a medium containing MS salts, incorporating abscisic acid (ABA) in 0, 0.38, 1.13, 3.78 and 5.67 uM doses influenced both the production and maturation of somatic embryos. Embryonic structures, presented a pink coloration characteristic strongly associated towards maturity. The effect of combinations of BA, Kin, 2,4-D, GA3 and ANA influenced the development and germination of mature somatic embryos. And the combination of 1.36 mM 2,4-D+4.44 uM BA promoted the appearance of calluses with a compact texture, characteristic related to their embryogenic potential. The purpose of this research in Cycas sp was to contribute to the study of the in vitro morphogenic responses of this group of plants. And somatic embryogenesis, will allow the obtaining and multiplication as well as its preservation of Cycas sp. Gender that is evolutionary very important
Massive sequencing of artisan cheeses from raw sheep’s milk
Authors: Julia Ruiz , Analia Etcheverria , Nora Padola , Alejandra Kruger , Luis Medina 
Published: March 2021

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used in the food industry to confer aromatic characteristics and their antibacterial capacity. In this study the native flora of LAB that participates in the traditional fermentation of semi-hard cheeses made with raw sheep's milk from the region of Andalusia, Spain was analyzed. Three samples of four different commercial cheeses were taken. Massive sequencing was carried out to identify the lactic and accompanying flora. Predominant lactic flora was Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus raffinolactis, and to a lesser extent other species of the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconestoc. The accompanying flora was composed of species of the genera Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Mannheimia, Trueperella, Enterococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Massilia, Flavobacterium, Yersinia, Gallaecimonas, Hafnia, Leclercia, Obesumbacterium, Morganella and Kluyvera. These results show that modern molecular techniques are very good tools to identify natural LABs of artisanal dairy products. The characterization of the native flora of the artisanal cheese allows us to evaluate the microbiological diversity of the natural population of LAB and the symbiosis with another type of flora.
Decline in blood loss with use of tranexamic acid in cases of hysterectomy: A retrospective observational study in a teaching hospital of central India
Authors: Shikha  , Jain Sapna Bajaj 
Published: March 2021

: Hysterectomy the most commonly performed gynaecological surgery world over is mostly a planned surgery commonly done for benign uterine conditions, though relatively high rates of complications have been reported. Blood loss during surgery seems to be a major complication. Anaemia being prevalent in Indian women, adds to the risk of prolong recovery time and postoperative morbidity with excessive blood loss intra operatively. Tranexamic acid (TXA) being an anti fibrinolytic agent have been found to decrease blood loss and requirement of blood transfusion in various surgical procedures and aids in better recovery. To find the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss in patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications and the need for blood transfusion. Type of study- Retrospective observational study over a period of 1 year in 200 patients.Study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of L.N. medical college, J.K hospital and research centre Bhopal. Approval for conducting study from ethical committee of hospital was taken. A retrospective analysis of all patients record was done who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications over the study period of one year and patient were sorted out in two groups, one (group 1) who received tranexamic acid (TXA) during surgery and other one (group 2) who did not receive TXA during surgery. Outcome of the study was assessed on following parameters - amount of blood lost (measurement of blood loss was done by the amount of blood collected in suction bottle and soiled mops), postoperative haemoglobin level after 24 hours of surgery, blood transfusion requirement, duration of hospital stay. Significantly less intraoperative loss of blood and need for blood transfusion was found in group 1 as compared to group 2. (P=0.0001). In the present study we concluded that a single dose of tranexamic acid given during surgery significantly reduces the blood loss, operating time and need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. Tranexamic acid being an anti fibrinolytic agent can be safely recommended as prophylactic measure for reducing blood loss in hysterectomies specially in low resource setting.
A retrospective analysis of spectrum of presentation of adenomyosis in tertiary centre
Authors: G S Anitha , K Rashmi , Radhika  , S Sukanya , C Savitha 
Published: March 2021

Benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of uterus is known as adenomyosis. It is found typically between the age of 35-50 years. Prevalence is 6- 39%. Modern imaging techniques, both ultrasound (TAS, TVS) and MRI have made possible, for the first time, a non-invasive identification of adenomyosis. To analyse the spectrum of presentation of adenomyosis and to determine the accuracy of clinical examination and imaging modalities in the diagnosis. It is a retrospective study done at hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute during august 2016-august 2017. The HPE reports and case records of all the hysterectomy specimens were reviewed. Data regarding age, parity, symptoms, obstetric history, examination, co morbidities, investigation findings, associated pathology and treatment modality were noted. They were tabulated and analysed. Out of the 50 patients, 56% were in the age group of 41-50 years. The prevalence of adenomyosis in our study was only 10% in post-menopausal women when compared to the age group 41-50yrs (56%). Multiparous women had 94% incidence of adenomyosis. 26% of women had prior uterine surgeries. 22% of cases had history of infertility in this study. 56% had menstrual disturbances. Dysmenorrhea & Dyspareunia were the next common symptoms. Fibroid was the commonest associated pathology (38%). 34% had hyperplasia of endometrium whereas 66% had no pathology. Imaging picked up only 40% of cases contrary to 36% of clinical diagnosis and was raised to 66% with gross examination of specimen and 100% with HPE. Adenomyosis has a varied presentation. Ultrasound fails to diagnose all the cases. Clinical examination is a better modality. Associated pathology may mask the clinical features of adenomyosis, and diagnosis may be missed. Presently HPE is probably the gold standard for diagnosing adenomyosis.
A comparative study of efficacy of DIPSI and O’Sullivan’s method of screening for GDM in a high risk tertiary referral hospital
Authors: G S Anitha , K Rashmi , D Tejaswini , Radhika  , S Sukanya 
Published: March 2021

There is an increasing trend of making Diabetes one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as “carbohydrate intolerance variable severity that is first diagnosed during present pregnancy, regardless of the need for insulin or persistence of the diabetic state after delivery”. Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disorder of pregnancy, although the prevalence is usually reported as 2 to 5% of pregnant women, it can be as high as 14% in high risk groups. To note the Foetal Outcome of pregnancy with impaired and abnormal glucose tolerance detected with DIPSI.Total of 200 patients was included in the study from Vanivilas hospital for 1 year. A detailed history from antenatal patients was taken to reveal all risk factors. The procedure of the study was explained and required consent for the study was taken. Examination of the patients was done and all relevant data was obtained. Fasting blood glucose was taken of all antenatal patients at their first visit. Pregnant women at 24-28 weeks were tested with 50g oral glucose load or 75g oral glucose load, at random. Patients were give 50g glucose irrespective of the meal and 1 hour venous blood sample was collected. Patients of 75 g of oral glucose were asked to come in fasting state, 75g of glucose was given, and following which 2 hour venous sample was collected. Blood glucose was tested by GOD-POD method. Diagnosis of GDM was made when the plasma glucose of &#62;140mg/dL and impaired glucose tolerance diagnosis was made when plasma glucose was between 120-140mg/dl. High prevalence rate of GDM was obtained in our study, GDM has adverse maternal and fetal outcome. GDM when identification early and treatment initiated for mothers, maternal and fetal complications can be reduced. In conclusion, intensive care of GDM mothers can help primary prevention of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in the offspring.
On Speech Acts
Authors: Wijana I Dewa Putu 
Published: March 2021

This paper is intended to give insights to the readers about the development of speech act theories which include categories, characteristics, validities, and strategies. The research begins with the classification of speech acts done by some experts and continues with the description of characteristics and validities carried out especially by Austin and Searle, and ends with speech act strategies developed by Parker and Riley, using examples taken from Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, and English, four languages that the writer masters relatively well. Most Indonesian, Balinese, and Javanese data together with their context are created intuitively as a native or nearly-native speaker while some English utterances are created and the others extracted from pragmatic textbooks used as references in this study. Research findings show that there are various types of speech acts, and each speech act has its own validity conditions. Among them, illocutionary acts constitute the focal point of pragmatics’ studies. The description shows that every expert of pragmatics uses different categories in classifying illocutionary acts, and the kinds of strategies used to express them.Keywords: pragmatics, speech act, speech act strategy.
Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils of Cinnamon zeylanicum and Myristica fragrans against Brucella abortus 544 Inoculated in Fresh Baladi Cheese
Authors: Al-Mariri A. , Ismail R. , Allaham A. , Alobeid B. , Alhallab L. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Essential Oils (EOs) are natural metabolic products of plants that contain a condensed chemical hydrophobic liquid compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate inhibitory effects of EOs of Cinnamon zeylanicum and Myristica fragrans against Brucella abortus 544 inoculated in fresh Baladi cheese.
Methods: Fresh Baladi cheese was manufactured from experimentally contaminated milk with B. abortus 544 in combination of EOs of C. zeylanicum or M. fragrans. Cheese samples were periodically subjected to further microbiological surveys at different storage times (0, 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The inhibition zone diameter and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against tested strain were also determined. Statistical analyses were conducted by GraphPad Prism Statistical Software.
Results: The inhibition zone diameter of the paper disk were 9.5±0.5 and 16±0.57 mm at 1% concentration of M. fragrans and C. zeylanicum EOs, respectively; and 15±0.28 and 21±0.76 mm at 5% concentration of M. fragrans and C. zeylanicum EOs, respectively. The values of inhibition zone diameters were significantly (p<0.0001) different between the two selected concentrations of 1% and 5% for the studied EOs. Also, anti-Brucella activity of C. zeylanicum was significantly (p<0.0001) more than that of M. fragrans EO.
Conclusion: Due to the appropriate anti-Brucella activity, C. zeylanicum EO could be applied as an effective natural preservative in the production of fresh Baladi cheese. Conversely, using M. fragrans EO could not protect the fresh Baladi cheese against Brucella.