bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleeping through COVID‐19: a longitudinal comparison of 2019 and 2020 infant auto‐videosomnography metrics
Authors: Kahn Michal , Gradisar Michael 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundWith the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, pediatric experts called attention to the potential adverse effects of living restrictions (e.g., lockdown) on child well‐being, but at the same time– acknowledged their possible benefits. To date, only few data‐driven reports have been published on child sleep during COVID‐19, and all have been based on parent‐ or self‐reports. This study used auto‐videosomnography to capture the effects of COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders imposed in the USA on objectively measured infant sleep.MethodsAuto‐videosomnography metrics of infants assessed nightly between January and May 2020 were compared with metrics of an equivalent infant cohort, assessed in the corresponding 2019 period. A total of 610 infants (50.7% girls) aged 6–18 months (M = 11.8,SD = 3.6) were included, with 71,472 analyzed nights. Multilevel models were applied to assess differences between 2019 and 2020 infant sleep pre‐ and during‐lockdown.ResultsWhereas infant cohorts were equivalent in demographic and January–March/April sleep characteristics, during the 2020 lockdown infants had longer nighttime sleep durations (Mdifference = 11.0 min,p = .01), later morning rise times (Mdifference = 9.5 min,p = .008), and later out‐of‐crib times (Mdifference = 12.3 min,p < .0001), compared to the equivalent 2019 period. In addition, weekday‐weekend differences in sleep onset and midpoint times were diminished during 2020 home‐confinement compared to the equivalent 2019 period (2019:Mdifference = 5.5 min,p < .0001;Mdifference = 4.5 min,p < .0001; 2020:Mdifference = 2.3 min,p = .01;Mdifference = 3.1 min,p < .0001, respectively).ConclusionsNotwithstanding the negative implications of COVID‐19 living restrictions in other domains, our findings indicate that there might be a silver lining—in promoting longer and more consistent infant sleep. These benefits should be considered in determining policy for the current and future pandemics.
Estimating the dispersal of Lepeophtheirus salmonis sea lice within and among Atlantic salmon sites of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick
Authors: Parent Marianne I. , Stryhn Henrik , Hammell K. Larry , Fast Mark D. , Grant Jon , Vanderstichel Raphaël 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the impact of infestation pressures on the abundance of the parasitic sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick (NB), Canada, using the Fish‐iTrends database for the years 2009–2018. Infestation pressures were calculated as time‐lagged weighted averages of the abundance of adult female (AF) sea lice within a site (internal infestation pressure: IIP) and among sites (external infestation pressure: EIP). The EIP weights were calculated from seaway distances among sites and a Gaussian kernel density for bandwidths of 5 to 60 km. The EIP with a bandwidth of 10 km had the best fit, as determined with Akaike's information criterion, and historical AF sea lice abundance. This estimated dispersal distance of 10 km was similar to previous studies in Norway, Scotland and in New Brunswick. The infestation pressures estimated from empirical AF sea lice abundance within and among sites significantly increased the abundance of AF sea lice (p < .001). This study concludes that sea lice burdens within Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, NB, are affected by within site management and could be improved by synchronizing treatments between sites.
Food safety knowledge, hygiene practices, and eating attitudes of academics and university students during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Görür Nurullah , Topalcengiz Zeynal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic on food safety knowledge, hygiene practices, and eating attitudes of academics and university students in Turkey. A cross‐sectional survey invitation was emailed to the participants from various academic ranks and departments at chosen universities from different region of country. Academics were requested to forward the invitation email to enrolled students to their classes. Responds were accepted in the period of 45 days in April and May 2020 during this pandemic. The relationships between socio‐demographic factors (gender, marital status, parental status, faculty/student status, academic rank, and age) and food safety knowledge, hygiene practices, and eating attitudes of respondents were determined. Academics (n = 240) and university students (n = 479) responded to food safety knowledge statements with similar percentages during the coronavirus pandemic. Improved hygiene practices were observed for both groups to avoid disease during the coronavirus pandemic. Both groups had eating attitudes toward consumption at home due to the coronavirus pandemic. Gender was the most prominent factor associated with 9 out of 10 hygiene practices before and during the coronavirus pandemic (p < .05). No, single, and multiple socio‐demographic factors were in association with food safety knowledge or eating attitudes of respondents. This study indicates that reactions of both academics and university students are similar during the coronavirus pandemic for food safety‐associated knowledge, practices, and attitudes.
Long‐term outcomes of cold snare polypectomy for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors
Authors: Okimoto Kenichiro , Maruoka Daisuke , Matsumura Tomoaki , Shiratori Wataru , Nagashima Ariki , Ishikawa Tsubasa , Tokunaga Mamoru , Kaneko Tatsuya , Oura Hirotaka , Kanayama Kengo , Akizue Naoki , Ohta Yuki , Taida Takashi , Saito Keiko , Arai Makoto , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe effectiveness of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) regarding long‐term outcomes is not fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate long‐term outcomes of CSP for SNADETs.MethodsPatients diagnosed with sporadic SNADETs and treated with CSP at Chiba University Hospital between March 2015 and May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Long‐term outcomes, short‐term outcomes, and adverse events were investigated.ResultsIn total, 35 patients with 46 lesions were included. The en‐bloc resection rate was 97.8%. Thirty‐seven lesions (80.4%) were diagnosed as adenomatous. The R0 resection rate for adenomatous lesions was 70.3%. Follow‐up investigations more than 12 months after CSP were completed for 35 adenomatous lesions (94.6%). The median observation period after CSP was 48 months. One patient whose observation period was only 3 months died from chronic heart failure with cardiac sarcoidosis 6 months after CSP. No patient died from SNADETs. The relapse‐free survival rate at 12 months after CSP was 97.1%. One recurrence (2.7%) was observed 12 months after CSP. We removed the recurrence lesion with CSP and cold forceps polypectomy. No new recurrence occurred within the observation period. No perforation or post‐operative bleeding occurred for CSP.ConclusionsCold snare polypectomy for diminutive and small SNADETs is a safe and useful procedure with a high en‐bloc resection rate and long‐term local control capability.
A statewide elder mistreatment virtual assessment program: Legal, ethical, and practical issues
Authors: Halphen John M. , Solis Christina F. , Burnett Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTelecommunication assisted forensic assessments of capacity and mistreatment by geriatricians with expertise in elder abuse and self‐neglect are helping to meet the demand for such forensic services for Adult Protective Services (APS) clients in remote and underserved areas of Texas. The use of synchronous audiovisual assisted interviews instead of in‐person interviews with clients to provide capacity assessments has become more important with the arrival of the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is growing interest in establishing similar programs in other states using geriatrician faculty from medical schools to serve the clients of their state Adult Protective Services agencies. The arrangement between APS and the geriatricians at McGovern Medical School in Houston, Texas is novel. The structure of the arrangement is important for the success of the program. Legal, ethical, and practical considerations are discussed in this article, including approaches to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, physician liability, state law, and resource limitations. It is hoped that sharing how one such collaboration has addressed these important issues will suggest approaches for the structuring of similar programs.
Barriers to learning a new technology to go online among older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Li Weixin , Ornstein Katherine A. , Li Yan , Liu Bian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of using information and communication technology (ICT) to address daily and healthcare needs. The barriers for older adults in the United States to learn a new technology to go online during the pandemic remain to be studied.MethodsUsing data from the 2019–2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of older Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the United States, we used multivariable logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with learning a new technology to go online during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsOur sample represented 23,547,688 older adults nationally, of which the majority (60.2%) increased ICT use during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, most older adults (71.8%) did not report learning a new technology to go online. Those who did not learn a new technology to go online had less of an increase in ICT use than those who learned either with help or by themselves (50.7% vs. 78.4% or 89.2% respectively, p < 0.01). The odds of learning a new technology decreased with increasing age (aOR [95%CI] = 0.96 [0.94–0.98]), being male (aOR [95%CI] = 0.56 [0.45–0.72]), having lower than high school educational attainment (aOR [95%CI] = 0.38 [0.29–0.50]), decreasing income levels (aORs ranged from 0.28 to 0.54), and self‐reported fair or poor general health (aOR [95%CI] = 0.65 [0.47–0.90]).ConclusionThe identified sociodemographic and clinical factors could inform targeted intervention strategies to improve ICT use among older adults during the evolving COVID‐19 pandemic and in the future.
Therapeutic potential of pregnenolone and pregnenolone methyl ether on depressive and CDKL5 deficiency disorders: Focus on microtubule targeting
Authors: Barbiero Isabella , Bianchi Massimiliano , Kilstrup‐Nielsen Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPregnenolone methyl‐ether (PME) is a synthetic derivative of the endogenous neuroactive steroid pregnenolone (PREG), which is an important modulator of several brain functions. In addition to being the precursor of steroids, PREG acts directly on various targets including microtubules (MTs), the functioning of which is fundamental for the development and homeostasis of nervous system. The coordination of MT dynamics is supported by a plethora of MT‐associated proteins (MAPs) and by a specific MT code that is defined by the post‐translational modifications of tubulin. Defects associated with MAPs or tubulin post‐translational modifications are linked to different neurological pathologies including mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we describe the beneficial effect of PME in major depressive disorders (MDDs) and in CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), two pathologies that are joint by defective MT dynamics. Growing evidence indeed suggests that PME, as well as PREG, is able to positively affect the MT‐binding of MAP2 and the plus‐end tracking protein CLIP170 that are both found to be deregulated in the above mentioned pathologies. Furthermore, PME influences the state of MT acetylation, the deregulation of which is often associated with neurological abnormalities including MDDs. By contrast to PREG, PME is not metabolised into other downstream molecules with specific biological properties, an aspect that makes this compound more suitable for therapeutic strategies. Thus, through the analysis of MDDs and CDD, this work focuses attention on the possible use of PME for neuronal pathologies associated with MT defects.
Regional variation in lateral and medial gastrocnemius muscle fibre lengths obtained from diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Aeles Jeroen , Bolsterlee Bart , Kelp Nicole Y. , Dick Taylor J. M. , Hug François 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAssessment of regional muscle architecture is primarily done through the study of animals, human cadavers, or using b‐mode ultrasound imaging. However, there remain several limitations to how well such measurements represent in vivo human whole muscle architecture. In this study, we developed an approach using diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify muscle fibre lengths in different muscle regions along a muscle's length and width. We first tested the between‐day reliability of regional measurements of fibre lengths in the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and found good reliability for these measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.79 and ICC = 0.84, respectively). We then applied this approach to a group of 32 participants including males (n = 18), females (n = 14), young (24 ± 4 years) and older (70 ± 2 years) adults. We assessed the differences in regional muscle fibre lengths between different muscle regions and between individuals. Additionally, we compared regional muscle fibre lengths between sexes, age groups, and muscles. We found substantial variability in fibre lengths between different regions within the same muscle and between the MG and the LG across individuals. At the group level, we found no difference in mean muscle fibre length between males and females, nor between young and older adults, or between the MG and the LG. The high variability in muscle fibre lengths between different regions within the same muscle, possibly expands the functional versatility of the muscle for different task requirements. The high variability between individuals supports the use of subject‐specific measurements of muscle fibre lengths when evaluating muscle function.
Relationship between rosacea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Demirbaş Abdullah , Yümer Yusuf , Elmas Ömer Faruk , Ulutaş Demirbaş Gözde , Atasoy Mustafa , Türsen Ümit , Dursun Recep , Lotti Torello 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has been reported to be associated with many systemic disorders including respiratory diseases.AimsThis study aims to investigate respiratory function in patients with rosacea.Patients/MethodsPatients with rosacea and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy volunteers were included in this cross‐sectional study. Spirometric pulmonary function tests including the percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%), percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1%), forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF 25–75%), and FEV 1/FVC ratio was assessed in both patient and controls. The potential relationship between rosacea severity and pulmonary functions was assessed.ResultsA total of 120 patients with rosacea and 120 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Compared to the controls, FEV 1%, FEV 1/FVC%, and FEF 25–75% values were significantly lower in patients with rosacea. Lower FEV 1/FVC% values were found to be associated with disease severity. FEV 1%, FEV 1/FVC%, and FEF 25–75% values were found to be more useful in differentiating the patients from healthy subjects.ConclusionsThis study showed that patients with rosacea may have abnormal respiratory function compared to healthy subjects. Besides, disease severity was associated with worse respiratory functions. We believe that patients with rosacea, particularly those with additional risk factors, should be screened for respiratory disorders.
Radical hysterectomy versus simple hysterectomy and brachytherapy for stage II endometrial cancer
Authors: Wang Ming , Ran Ran , Wu Yumei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the survival outcome between radical hysterectomy and simple hysterectomy with radiation therapy in patients with stage II endometrial cancer.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 2015.ResultsOf 577 patients were enrolled in the study, 117 patients received radical hysterectomy and 460 patients received simple hysterectomy combined with vaginal brachytherapy. All patients received external beam radiation therapy after the surgery. The median follow‐up duration was 82.77 ± 1.44 months. No differences were found on the baseline information between two groups. Both the 5‐year overall survival (62.31% vs. 78.48%, p < 0.001) and 5‐year cause‐specific survival (74.60 vs. 85.38%, p = 0.01) were shorter in radical hysterectomy than in simple hysterectomy combined with vaginal brachytherapy group. However, the positive outcomes were further validated in patients with high‐risk endometrial cancer, not in patients with grade 1–2 low‐risk endometrial cancer both on cause‐specific survival and overall survival. In patients with grade 3 low‐risk endometrial cancer, the tendency was only found with lower overall survival not cause‐specific survival.ConclusionsThis study revealed that in patients' high‐risk stage II endometrial cancer, radical hysterectomy was associated with shorter survival outcome than simple hysterectomy combined with vaginal brachytherapy.
Does preoperative resting genital hiatus size predict surgical outcomes?
Authors: Schmidt Payton , Cox Caroline K. , DeLancey John O. , Suresh Shriya , Horner Whitney , Chen Luyun , Swenson Carolyn W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo determine whether preoperative genital hiatus at rest is predictive of medium‐term prolapse recurrence.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of women who underwent native tissue prolapse surgery from 2002 to 2017 with pelvic organ prolapse quantification data including resting genital hiatus at one of three time points: preoperatively, 6 weeks, and ≥1 year postoperatively. Demographics and clinical data were abstracted from the chart. Prolapse recurrence was defined by anatomic outcomes (Ba > 0, Bp > 0, and/or C ≥ −4) or retreatment. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf the 165 women included, 36 (21.8%) had prolapse recurrence at an average of 1.5 years after surgery. Preoperative resting genital hiatus did not differ between women with surgical success versus recurrence (3.5 cm [interquartile range, IQR 2.25, 4.0) vs 3.5 cm (IQR 3.0, 4.0), p = 0.71). Point Bp was greater in the recurrence group at every time point. Preoperative Bp (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, confidence interval [CI] [1.06–1.45], p = 0.01) and days from surgery (OR 1.001, CI [1.000–1.001], p < 0.01) were independently associated with recurrence. Preoperative genital hiatus at rest and strain were significantly larger among women who underwent a colpoperineorrhaphy (rest: 4.0 [3.0, 4.5] cm vs 3.5 [3.0, 4.0] cm, p < 0.01; strain: 6.0 [4.0, 6.5] cm vs 5.0 [4.0, 6.0] cm, p = 0.01).ConclusionsPreoperative genital hiatus at rest was not associated with prolapse recurrence when the majority of women underwent colpoperineorrhaphy. Preoperative Bp was more predictive of short‐term prolapse recurrence. For every 1 cm increase in point Bp, there is a 24% increased odds of recurrence.
The relationship between Scoville Units and the suprathreshold intensity of sweeteners and Sichuan pepper oleoresins
Authors: Zheng Ying‐Ming , Gao Hai‐Yan , Wang Hou‐Yin , Zhu Bao‐qing , Shi Bo‐Lin , Zhong Kui , Sun Pei , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Zhao Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSweetness and pungency sensation are two of common flavors in snack foods and cuisines, and appropriate intake regulates physical and mental health. In this study, 20 panelists were used as the subjects; the rated difference from control method was used to determine the recognition threshold of five kinds of Sichuan pepper oleoresins and sweeteners, while the Taste Activity Value (TAV), Scoville Units (SU), and relative intensity (RI) of different stimuli were obtained using formula conversion. Meanwhile, generalized labeled magnitude scale (gLMS) was used to rate the suprathreshold intensity of the stimuli at five different concentrations. The results showed that the power exponents of the pungent stimuli were between 0.5801 and 0.8081, while the power exponents of the sweet stimuli were between 0.4709 and 0.9020. Moreover, the RI of five different Sichuan pepper oleoresins and sweeteners were calculated based on the power functions. Furthermore, the fitting models for pungency and sweetness were lnRI = 0.8580*lnSPU‐8.5528 (R2 = .5964, p < .01) and lnRI = 0.8230*lnSSU‐4.1574 (R2 = .8998, p < .01), respectively.Practical ApplicationsThe relative intensity (RI) and the Scoville Unit (SU) methods are typically used to evaluate the intensity of sweetness and pungency, respectively. However, previous studies confirmed that the SU of the stimuli was poorly correlated with its suprathreshold intensity. Furthermore, differences in psychophysical parameters, such as sensory quality and time persistence, limited the determination of the sweetener RI. Therefore, studying the relationship between the SU and RI of sweeteners and Sichuan pepper oleoresins would be useful for predicting suprathreshold intensity according to the SU of sweetness or pungent stimuli, providing a mutual reference for the RI and SU results, while promoting the sensory quality control of sweet and pungent foods.
Infection rate treating radial and ulnar fractures using bone plate fixation without antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Schmökel H. , Skytte D. , Barsch M. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and complication rate of a 1.5‐ and 2.0‐mm titanium locking plate for the treatment of radial and ulnar fractures in small dog breeds and cats without peri‐operative antibiotic prophylaxis in a prospective case series.Materials and MethodsMedical records and radiographs of closed radial and ulnar fractures treated using internal fixation with a 1.5‐ or 2.0‐mm titanium locking plate without antibiotic prophylaxis were collected prospectively. Patients were clinically followed up until radiographical fracture healing was complete.ResultsThirty‐two fractures in small breed dogs and cats with an average bodyweight of 3.9 kg met the inclusion criteria. The follow‐up time radiographically and clinically was 4–35 weeks. All fractures showed radiographical fracture union, and all patients had a good clinical outcome. The superficial infection rate in this case series was 0%; the deep infection rate involving the implant/bone was 3.1%.Clinical SignificanceThe novel 1.5‐ and 2.0‐mm titanium locking plate system was successfully used to treat simple closed radial and ulnar fractures in small breed dogs and cats without peri‐operative antibiotic prophylaxis, resulting in good clinical outcome and a low infection rate.