bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What to feed or what not to feed-that is still the question
Authors: Lech James C. , Dorfsman Sophia I. , Répás Zoltán , Krüger Tjaart P. J. , Gyalai Ingrid Melinda , Boros László G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
This review addresses metabolic diversities after grain feeding of cattle using artificial total mixed ration (TMR), in place of pasture-based feeding.

Objectives
To determine how grain feeding impairs the deuterium-depleting functions of the anaplerotic mitochondrial matrix during milk and meat production.

Methods
Based on published data we herein evaluate how grain-fed animals essentially follow a branched-chain amino acid and odd-chain fatty acid-based reductive carboxylation-dependent feedstock, which is also one of the mitochondrial deuterium-accumulating dysfunctions in human cancer.

Results
It is now evident that food-based intracellular deuterium exchange reactions, especially that of glycogenic substrate oxidation, are significant sources of deuterium-enriched (2H; D) metabolic water with a significant impact on animal and human health. The burning of high deuterium nutritional dairy products into metabolic water upon oxidation in the human body may contribute to similar metabolic conditions and diseases as described in state-of-the-art articles for cows. Grain feeding also limits oxygen delivery to mitochondria for efficient deuterium-depleted metabolic water production by glyphosate herbicide exposure used in genetically modified crops of TMR constituents.

Conclusion
Developments in medical metabolomics, biochemistry and deutenomics, which is the science of biological deuterium fractionation and discrimination warrant urgent critical reviews in order to control the epidemiological scale of population diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cancer by a thorough understanding of how the compromised metabolic health of grain-fed dairy cows impacts human consumers.
Facile fabrication of Fe-TiO2 thin film and its photocatalytic activity
Authors: Aguinaco Almudena , Amaya Beatriz , Ramírez-del-Solar Milagrosa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFe3+-TiO2 (Fe-TiO2) thin films were successfully prepared using a “sandwich” approach. TiO2 NPs were doped with different Fe3+ content (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% molar ratio), and the modified TiO2 NPs were deposited on glass flat support by dip coating.Structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of Fe-TiO2 thin films were studied. XPS spectra confirm the presence of Ti, Fe, O, and defective –OH groups at the material surface. The Fe 2p spectrum demonstrates the existence of Fe3+. SEM images indicate that the incorporation of Fe3+ deforms in some degree the homogeneity of the TiO2 system. Additionally, incorporation of Fe3+ ions to the network creates an impurity band near the VB due to the oxygen vacancies, resulting in the reduction of the effective optical band gap. Photocatalytic activity of fabricated thin films in the elimination of sulfamethoxazole (SMT) follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The highest SMT removal yields were achieved using the sample with 0.05%Fe. Additionally, the use of greater thicknesses improves the removal performance. However, material detachment limits the maximum usable value around 6 µm.Finally, stability and reusability of catalysts were confirmed studying the photocatalytic activity over three cycles and evaluating that no Fe3+ leaching occurred.
Graphical abstract
CenetBiplot: a new proposal of sparse and orthogonal biplots methods by means of elastic net CSVD
Authors: González-García Nerea , Nieto-Librero Ana Belén , Galindo-Villardón Purificación 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, a new mathematical algorithm for sparse and orthogonal constrained biplots, called CenetBiplots, is proposed. Biplots provide a joint representation of observations and variables of a multidimensional matrix in the same reference system. In this subspace the relationships between them can be interpreted in terms of geometric elements. CenetBiplots projects a matrix onto a low-dimensional space generated simultaneously by sparse and orthogonal principal components. Sparsity is desired to select variables automatically, and orthogonality is necessary to keep the geometrical properties that ensure the biplots graphical interpretation. To this purpose, the present study focuses on two different objectives: 1) the extension of constrained singular value decomposition to incorporate an elastic net sparse constraint (CenetSVD), and 2) the implementation of CenetBiplots using CenetSVD. The usefulness of the proposed methodologies for analysing high-dimensional and low-dimensional matrices is shown. Our method is implemented in R software and available for download fromhttps://github.com/ananieto/SparseCenetMA.
High throughput method development and optimised production of leaf protein concentrates with potential to support the agri-industry
Authors: Iyer Ajay , Guerrier Lisa , Leveque Salomé , Bestwick Charles S. , Duncan Sylvia H. , Russell Wendy R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvasive plants offer an interesting and unconventional source of protein and the considerable investment made towards their eradication can potentially be salvaged through their revalorisation. To identify viable sources, effective and high-throughput screening methods are required, as well as efficient procedures to isolate these components. Rigorous assessment of low-cost, high-throughput screening assays for total sugar, phenolics and protein was performed, and ninhydrin, Lever and Fast Blue assays were found to be most suitable owing to high reliability scores and false positive errors less than 1%. These assays were used to characterise invasive Scottish plants such as Gorse (Ulex europeans), Broom (Cystisus scoparius) and Fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium). Protein extraction (alkali-, heat- and enzyme assisted) were tested on these plants, and further purification (acid and ethanol precipitation, as well as ultrafiltration) procedures were tested on Gorse, based on protein recovery values. Cellulase treatment and ethanol precipitation gave the highest protein recovery (64.0 ± 0.5%) and purity (96.8 ± 0.1%) with Gorse. The amino acid profile of the purified protein revealed high levels of essential amino acids (34.8 ± 0.0%). Comparison of results with preceding literature revealed a strong association between amino acid profiles and overall protein recovery with the extraction method employed. The final purity of the protein concentrates was closely associated to the protein content of the initial plant mass. Leaf protein extraction technology can effectively raise crop harvest indices, revalorise underutilised plants and waste streams.
PINK1 kinase dysfunction triggers neurodegeneration in the primate brain without impacting mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Yang Weili , Guo Xiangyu , Tu Zhuchi , Chen Xiusheng , Han Rui , Liu Yanting , Yan Sen , Wang Qi , Wang Zhifu , Zhao Xianxian , Zhang Yunpeng , Xiong Xin , Yang Huiming , Yin Peng , Wan Huida , Chen Xingxing , Guo Jifeng , Yan Xiao-Xin , Liao Lujian , Li Shihua , Li Xiao-Jiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn vitrostudies have established the prevalent theory that the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 protects neurodegeneration by removing damaged mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, difficulty in detecting endogenous PINK1 protein in rodent brains and cell lines has prevented the rigorous investigation of thein vivorole of PINK1. Here we report that PINK1 kinase form is selectively expressed in the human and monkey brains. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency of PINK1 causes similar neurodegeneration in the brains of fetal and adult monkeys as well as cultured monkey neurons without affecting mitochondrial protein expression and morphology. Importantly,PINK1mutations in the primate brain and human cells reduce protein phosphorylation that is important for neuronal function and survival. Our findings suggest that PINK1 kinase activity rather than its mitochondrial function is essential for the neuronal survival in the primate brains and that its kinase dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
Protective effect of berberine chloride against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity
Authors: Kim Jong-Heun , Baek Jeong-In , Lee In-Kyu , Kim Un-Kyung , Kim Ye-Ri , Lee Kyu-Yup 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin (CP) is an effective anticancer drug broadly used for various types of cancers, but it has shown ototoxicity that results from oxidative stress. Berberine has been reported for its anti-oxidative stress suggesting its therapeutic potential for many diseases such as colitis, diabetes, and vascular dementia.ObjectiveOrgan of Corti of postnatal day 3 mouse cochlear explants were used to compare hair cells after the treatment with cisplatin alone or with berberine chloride (BC) followed by CP.MethodsWe investigated the potential of the anti-oxidative effect of BC against the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. We observed a reduced aberrant bundle of stereocilia in hair cells in CP with BC pre-treated group. Caspase-3 immunofluorescence and TUNEL assay supported the hypothesis that BC attenuates the apoptotic signals induced by CP. Reactive oxygen species level in the mitochondria were investigated by MitoSOX Red staining and the mitochondrial membrane potentials were compared by JC-1 assay.ResultsBC decreased ROS generation with preserved mitochondrial membrane potentials in mitochondria as well as reduced DNA fragmentation in hair cells. In summary, our data indicate that BC might act as antioxidant against CP by reducing the stress in mitochondria resulting in cell survival.ConclusionOur result suggests the therapeutic potential of BC for prevention of the detrimental effect of CP-induced ototoxicity.
A yearly maximum sea level simulator and its applications: A Stockholm case study
Authors: Hieronymus Magnus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA yearly maximum sea level simulator for Stockholm is presented. The simulator combines extreme sea level estimates and mean sea level rise projections into a joint probabilistic framework. The framework can be used, for example, to assess the risk that new structures placed at the current minimum allowed height above the sea level can become flooded in the future. Such assessments can be used to underpin future building free levels, which would be a great improvement over the much more arbitrary criteria in use today. Another strong point of the framework is that it can be used to quantify the influence of uncertainties in mean sea level projections, estimates of sea level extremes and future emission scenarios on the risk of flooding. For Stockholm mean sea level uncertainty is found to be much more important than extreme sea level uncertainty. The framework is also set-up to test adaptation measures. It is found that protections that are built once the mean sea level has risen above some given threshold can be very efficient. Lastly, the framework is embedded into a simple decision problem that can be used to calculate risk/reward ratios for land development as a function of height above today’s mean sea level.
Lorenz and Polarization Orderings of the Double-Pareto Lognormal Distribution and Other Size Distributions
Authors: Okamoto Masato 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolarization indices such as the Foster-Wolfson index have been developed to measure the extent of clustering in a few classes with wide gaps between them in terms of income distribution. However, Zhang and Kanbur (2001) failed to empirically find clear differences between polarization and inequality indices in the measurement of intertemporal distributional changes. This paper addresses this ‘distinction' problem on the level of the respective underlying stochastic orders, the polarization order (PO) in distributions divided into two nonoverlapping classes and the Lorenz order (LO) of inequality in distributions. More specifically, this paper investigates whether a distribution F can be either more or less polarized than a distribution H in terms of the PO if F is more unequal than H in terms of the LO. Furthermore, this paper derives conditions for the LO and PO of the double-Pareto lognormal (dPLN) distribution. The derived conditions are applicable to sensitivity analyses of inequality and polarization indices with respect to distributional changes. From this application, a suggestion for appropriate two-class polarization indices is made.
Dyssegmental Dysplasia-Silverman Handmaker Type: a Rare Case Report
Authors: Vadukkut Annabelle Sabu , Parasuram Meenu Batra , Balakrishnan Bijoy K. , Ganesan Parvathy , Gopinathan K. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type (DDSH), is a lethal autosomal recessive form of dwarfism with characteristic anisospondylic micromelia. We present a rare case of a pregnancy with a history of congenitally malformed fetuses. This is the 8th prenatally diagnosed case and the first in our department. The couple were both heterozygous carriers for a gene mutation causing DDSH. Invasive testing was performed for the ongoing pregnancy to check for the same gene mutation in the fetus. The fetus, now diagnosed as a carrier of the mutation was a boon to the distressed couple. Prenatal diagnosis is important in this type of lethal Dyssegmental Dysplasias to help make an informed decision and accordingly plan future pregnancy. Fetopathological examination and skeletal radiographs are mandatory in order to establish a precise diagnosis. With advances in genetic tests and the availability of specific newer tests, we can provide appropriate genetic counseling for a better pregnancy outcome.
Design of the upstream decay pipe window of the long baseline neutrino facility
Authors: Wang Hai-Jing , Yuan Ye , Tang Jing-Yu , Ji Quan , Kang Ling , Ning Chang-Jun , Sun Ji-Lei , Wei Shao-Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe beam windows of high-energy beam lines are important, and it is sometimes difficult to design because it is necessary to ensure particle propagation with minimum disturbance and fulfill mechanical requirements at the same time. The upstream decay pipe window of the long baseline neutrino facility at Fermilab has an extremely large diameter (1.8 m), with a thickness of only 1.5 mm to separate the helium atmosphere in the decay pipe and the nitrogen atmosphere on the other side. Furthermore, the center of this dish-shaped window is expected to be a 200-mm-diameter beryllium dish welded to the outside aluminum alloy A6061, and this welded combination must withstand extreme conditions of a 2.4-MW, high-energy proton beam without leakage. These severe conditions make the design of this window an unprecedented challenge. This paper describes the static thermal-structural analyses based on which the structure has been optimized, as well as dynamic analyses for understanding the shockwave effects originating in the beam. After optimization, the maximum von Mises stresses in the window decreased significantly in both normal operation and accident cases, making our design very reasonable.
Nusselt number correlation for turbulent heat transfer of helium–xenon gas mixtures
Authors: Zhou Biao , Ji Yu , Sun Jun , Sun Yu-Liang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA gas-cooled nuclear reactor combined with a Brayton cycle shows promise as a technology for high-power space nuclear power systems. Generally, a helium–xenon gas mixture with a molecular weight of 14.5–40.0 g/mol is adopted as the working fluid to reduce the mass and volume of the turbomachinery. The Prandtl number for helium–xenon mixtures with this recommended mixing ratio may be as low as 0.2. As the convective heat transfer is closely related to the Prandtl number, different heat transfer correlations are often needed for fluids with various Prandtl numbers. Previous studies have established heat transfer correlations for fluids with medium–high Prandtl numbers (such as air and water) and extremely low-Prandtl fluids (such as liquid metals); however, these correlations cannot be directly recommended for such helium–xenon mixtures without verification. This study initially assessed the applicability of existing Nusselt number correlations, finding that the selected correlations are unsuitable for helium–xenon mixtures. To establish a more general heat transfer correlation, a theoretical derivation was conducted using the turbulent boundary layer theory. Numerical simulations of turbulent heat transfer for helium–xenon mixtures were carried out using Ansys Fluent. Based on simulated results, the parameters in the derived heat transfer correlation are determined. It is found that calculations using the new correlation were in good agreement with the experimental data, verifying its applicability to the turbulent heat transfer for helium–xenon mixtures. The effect of variable gas properties on turbulent heat transfer was also analyzed, and a modified heat transfer correlation with the temperature ratio was established. Based on the working conditions adopted in this study, the numerical error of the property-variable heat transfer correlation was almost within 10%.
Management of post-acute COVID-19 patients in geriatric rehabilitation: EuGMS guidance
Authors: van Haastregt Jolanda C. M. , Everink Irma H. J. , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Grund Stefan , Gordon Adam L. , Poot Else P. , Martin Finbarr C. , O’Neill Desmond , Petrovic Mirko , Bachmann Stefan , van Balen Romke , van Dam van Isselt Leonoor , Dockery Frances , Holstege Marije S. , Landi Francesco , Pérez Laura M. , Roquer Esther , Smalbrugge Martin , Achterberg Wilco P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe a guidance on the management of post-acute COVID 19 patients in geriatric rehabilitation.

Methods
The guidance is based on guidelines for post-acute COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation developed in the Netherlands, updated with recent insights from literature, related guidance from other countries and disciplines, and combined with experiences from experts in countries participating in the Geriatric Rehabilitation Special Interest Group of the European Geriatric Medicine Society.

Results
This guidance for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation is divided into a section addressing general recommendations for geriatric rehabilitation and a section addressing specific processes and procedures. The Sect. “General recommendations for geriatric rehabilitation” addresses: (1) general requirements for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation and (2) critical aspects for quality assurance during COVID-19 pandemic. The Sect. “Specific processes and procedures”, addresses the following topics: (1) patient selection; (2) admission; (3) treatment; (4) discharge; and (5) follow-up and monitoring.

Conclusion
Providing tailored geriatric rehabilitation treatment to post-acute COVID-19 patients is a challenge for which the guidance is designed to provide support. There is a strong need for additional evidence on COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation including developing an understanding of risk profiles of older patients living with frailty to develop individualised treatment regimes. The present guidance will be regularly updated based on additional evidence from practice and research.
“More control, more conflicts?” Clarifying the longitudinal relations between parental psychological Control and parent‐adolescent Conflict by disentangling between‐family effects from within‐family effects
Authors: Sun Liping , Ju Jiawen , Kang Liying , Bian Yufang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdolescence is a period when adolescents seek autonomy and parent‐adolescent conflict appears inevitable. Even though some research found that parental psychological control triggered parent‐adolescent conflict, studies clarifying the directionality of effects at the within‐family level are scarce. This study investigated the longitudinal relations between parental psychological control and parent‐adolescent conflict using a traditional cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) and the random‐intercept CLPM (RI‐CLPM) framework.MethodsData from 2473 Chinese adolescents (Mage Time1 = 13.20 years, standard deviation = 0.52 years; 51.4% male) were collected via a cross‐sectional survey across three time points. Adolescents reported on parental psychological control, parent‐adolescent conflict, and demographic characteristics at each time point. CLPM and RI‐CLPM were utilized.ResultsThe results from the CLPM analyses suggested a reciprocal effects model. However, the results from the RI‐CLPM framework supported a conflict‐driven model at the within‐family level, wherein if parent‐adolescent conflict increased, subsequent parental psychological control would increase as a result. The reverse pattern was not observed.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the maladaptive processes of parent‐adolescent conflict that shape parental psychologically controlling behaviors in Chinese families at the within‐family level. Practical implications, including how to assist Chinese parents to address parent‐adolescent conflict and to reduce psychological control, are discussed.
Spatial Distribution of PM2.5‐Related Premature Mortality in China
Authors: Zheng Sheng , Schlink Uwe , Ho Kin‐Fai , Singh Ramesh P. , Pozzer Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPM2.5 is a major component of air pollution in China and has a serious threat to public health. It is very important to quantify spatial characteristics of the health effects caused by outdoor PM2.5 exposure. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration (45.9 μg/m3 national average in 2016) and premature mortality attributed to PM2.5 in cities at the prefectural level and above in China in 2016. Using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM), the total premature mortality in China was estimated to be 1.55 million persons, and the per capita mortality was 11.2 per 10,000 persons in the year 2016, resulting in higher estimates compared to the integrated exposure‐response model. We assessed the premature mortality attributed to PM2.5 through common diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CEV), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), and lower respiratory infections (LRI). The premature mortality due to IHD and CEV accounted for 68.5% of the total mortality, and the per capita mortality (per 10,000 persons) for all ages due to IHD was 3.86, the highest among diseases. For the spatial distribution of disease‐specific premature mortality, the top two highest absolute numbers of premature mortality associated with IHD, CEV, LC, and LRI, respectively, were found in Chongqing and Beijing. In 338 cities of China, we have found a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of per capita premature mortality, indicating the necessity of coordinated regional governance for an efficient control of PM2.5.
Data‐Driven Identification of Turbulent Oceanic Mixing From Observational Microstructure Data
Authors: Couchman Miles M. P. , Wynne‐Cattanach Bethan , Alford Matthew H. , Caulfield Colm‐cille P. , Kerswell Rich R. , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Voet Gunnar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCharacterizing how ocean turbulence transports heat is critically important for accurately parameterizing global circulation models. We present a novel data‐driven approach for identifying distinct regions of turbulent mixing within a microstructure data set that uses unsupervised machine learning to cluster fluid patches according to their background buoyancy frequency N, and turbulent dissipation rates of kinetic energy ϵ and thermal variance χ. Applied to data collected near the Velasco Reef in Palau, our clustering algorithm discovers spatial and temporal correlations between the mixing characteristics of a fluid patch and its depth, proximity to the reef and the background current. While much of the data set is characterized by the canonical mixing coefficient Γ = 0.2, elevated local mixing efficiencies are identified in regions containing large density fluxes derived from χ. Once applied to further datasets, unsupervised machine learning has the potential to advance community understanding of global patterns and local characteristics of turbulent mixing.