bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust adaptive finite‐time trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor aircraft
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Weijian , Du Haibo , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article mainly investigates the problem of tracking the flight trajectory for a quadrotor aircraft with uncertain parameters and external disturbances. Combined with the model structure, the quadrotor aircraft system can be divided into position system and attitude system. Firstly, for the position system with unknown parameters, some adaptive finite‐time position tracking controllers are designed based on the homogeneous system theory and finite‐time parameter estimators. For the attitude system, the uncertain parameters and external disturbances are regarded as lumped disturbances. Based on the homogeneous system theory and sliding‐mode observers, some adaptive finite‐time attitude controllers are proposed. Finally, some numerical simulation results are given to verify the control performance of the proposed control scheme.
An Active K‐OMS‐2 Supported Catalyst for Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol
Authors: Gogoi Pranjal , Chilukuri Satyanarayana , Thirumalaiswamy Raja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPropanediols are very important chemical intermediates, which need to be prepared through commercially viable routes. Cryptomelane type octahedral molecular sieve‐2 (K‐OMS‐2), a cheap and environmentally benign microporous oxide was employed to support Ru and used as a catalyst to get 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PDO) selectively through hydrogenolysis of glycerol. Three catalysts with different Ru content were prepared and evaluated for glycerol hydrogenolysis. Among these, 1 wt.% Ru‐K‐OMS‐2 showed reasonably good activity towards 1,2‐PDO formation under moderate reaction conditions even at lower Ru loading (0.9 wt.%). When other metals such as Cu and Ni were supported on K‐OMS‐2, their performance was inferior compared to Ru‐supported catalysts. All the catalysts were characterized using various physicochemical techniques like XRD, N2‐sorption, TPD, H2‐TPR, TGA, ICP‐OES, FE‐SEM and TEM. The enhanced catalytic activity with the 1 wt.%Ru‐K‐OMS‐2 catalyst was attributed to the better Ru metal dispersion, higher active metal surface area, basic strength, and porosity of the support. The catalyst was found to be recyclable. Analysis of spent catalyst by TEM showed disintegration of Ru nanoparticles to smaller ones, under high H2 pressure at the reaction temperature. Smaller Ru particles are expected to promote C−C bond cleavage thus suppressing 1,2‐PDO formation. Furthermore, a relationship between the TOF value, Ru nanoparticles size, and the basic strength of the catalysts was established, which provides dipper insight into the different catalytic behavior of the catalysts.
Synthesis of 1,8‐Cineole Derivatives from 3‐Carene
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Hongmei , Xu Shichao , Jiang Jianxin , Chen Yuxiang , Zhao Zhendong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the purpose of developing high‐value utilization approach for 3‐carene, various 1,8‐cineole derivatives bearing Br, OH, and NH2 groups at C‐6 were synthesized starting from it, following a new method of synthesis. The structure of 1,8‐cineole was established from the structure of carene by first introducing an OH and then carrying out ring‐opening and nucleophilic substitution reactions under acidic conditions. Br was simultaneously introduced at C‐6 as an active reaction site. The acidity of the medium significantly influenced the efficiency of the reaction. It was observed that trimethylsilyl bromide was the ideal reagent to carry out the reaction. 6‐Bromo‐1,8‐cineole was prepared from 3‐carene via a two‐steps process at 20 °C. The reaction time was ≤3 h. The maximum extent of conversion was 98.58 % and a selectivity of 60.66 % was achieved. Then, we synthesized two other compounds with high reactivities from 6‐bromo‐1,8‐cineole. 6‐Hydroxyl‐1,8‐cineole was synthesized by reacting 6‐bromo‐1,8‐cineole with H2O at 65 °C for 1 h. The extent of conversion was 98.49 % and the selectivity was 87.86 %. A hydroxyl derivative with >90 % purity was obtained after removing the solvent. 6‐Amino‐1,8‐cineole together with 6‐hydroxyl‐1,8‐cineole were synthesized by reacting 6‐bromo‐1,8‐cineole with ammonia with the conversion was >98 % under 70 °C for 1 h. Lower feed ratio of ammonia to 6‐bromo‐1,8‐cineole was good for the yield of amino derivative. The hydroxyl/amino ratio decreased from 4.0 to 1.6 with the feed ratio decreased from 8 to 4. The hydroxyl derivative and amino derivative could be efficiently separated by adjusting the pH of the reaction medium to obtain an amino derivative (>93 % purity).
Symptom‐based improvement recommendations
Authors: Pries‐Heje Jan , Johansen Jørn , Korsaa Morten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor this paper, we have identified a list of 32 characteristic symptoms that is often discussed during assessments, generated by two experienced assessors who had undertaken maturity assessments in more than 300 companies. We then use cognitive mapping and the “five whys” technique to look beyond the symptoms and reveal the underlying problems or causes of the problems. Following that, we evaluate our findings through the design and evaluation of a web‐based tool where users can score statements based on a formulation of the symptoms. This enables us to recommend to users the areas where they probably need to improve. We designed the tool in three learning cycles of design evaluation and ended up in a summative evaluation where we compared the outcome of using the website tool with a CMMI maturity assessment. We conclude that a systematic quest for symptoms coupled with scoring statements based on the symptoms can point to improvement areas. However, we conclude that doing so is no substitute for a maturity assessment; the scoring of statements cannot reveal the maturity of the organization, but it can quickly and easily point in a useful direction and provide recommendations for going in that direction.
Heterostructuring Mesoporous 2D Iridium Nanosheets with Amorphous Nickel Boron Oxide Layers to Improve Electrolytic Water Splitting
Authors: Kang Yunqing , Jiang Bo , Malgras Victor , Guo Yanna , Cretu Ovidiu , Kimoto Koji , Ashok Aditya , Wan Zhe , Li Hexing , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Yusuke , Asahi Toru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D heterostructures exhibit a considerable potential in electrolytic water splitting due to their high specific surface areas, tunable electronic properties, and diverse hybrid compositions. However, the fabrication of well‐defined 2D mesoporous amorphous‐crystalline heterostructures with highly active heterointerfaces remains challenging. Herein, an efficient 2D heterostructure consisting of amorphous nickel boron oxide (Ni‐Bi) and crystalline mesoporous iridium (meso‐Ir) is designed for water splitting, referred to as Ni‐Bi/meso‐Ir. Benefiting from well‐defined 2D heterostructures and strong interfacial coupling, the resulting mesoporous dual‐phase Ni‐Bi/meso‐Ir possesses abundant catalytically active heterointerfaces and boosts the exposure of active sites, compared to their crystalline and amorphous mono‐counterparts. The electronic state of the iridium sites is tuned favorably by hybridizing with Ni‐Bi layers. Consequently, the Ni‐Bi/meso‐Ir heterostructures show superior and stable electrochemical performance toward both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline electrolyte.
The Influence of Private Land Deer Management Cooperatives on Harvest Outcomes and Hunter Satisfaction
Authors: Mitterling Anna M. , Rudolph Brent A. , Kramer Daniel B. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPrivate‐land, deer‐hunting cooperatives seek to facilitate collective action to restrain buck harvest, encourage doe harvest, and improve hunter satisfaction. We evaluated 15 deer‐hunting cooperatives in southern Michigan to assess whether perceived satisfaction among 348 members was affected by deer harvest outcomes, characteristics of cooperative members, agreement over voluntarily established harvest and population management goals, and members' perceived fit with their cooperative. Our results indicate that cooperative members harvested just over 2 antlerless deer for every antlered buck, compared to an overall hunter harvest ratio of approximately 1:1 across all of southern Michigan. Perceived satisfaction levels generally increased among cooperative members after joining a cooperative. Perceived satisfaction was positively correlated with members' perceived fit within the cooperative, members' perceived agreement with other cooperative members on harvest and management goals, years of membership and antlerless harvest, and negatively associated with member age. Our results suggested that efforts to promote the formation and successful operation of private, deer‐management cooperatives may provide a way for state wildlife agencies to leverage collective action to enhance deer management capacity, boost hunter satisfaction, and potentially increase hunter recruitment, retention, and reactivation. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Makroskopische und mikroskopische Veränderungen des N. vestibulocochlearis nach Gamma-Knife-Therapie
Authors: Scheer Maximilian , Scheller Christian , Prell Julian , Mawrin Christian , Rahne Torsten , Strauss Christian , Simmermacher Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen Fall, bei dem makroskopische und mikroskopische Veränderungen des Verstibularnervs nach radiochirurgischer Behandlung eines intrameatalen Vestibularisschwannoms beobachtet wurden. Der Fallbericht zeigt das erste Mal ein morphologisches Korrelat der unerwünschten Effekte der Gamma-Knife-Therapie von Vestibularisschwannomen und unterstreicht, dass trotz eines deutlichen Abstands zum bestehenden Tumor degenerative Veränderungen der neuralen Strukturen erwartet werden können.
„C-Probleme“ des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements
Authors: Michael M. , Kumle B. , Pin M. , Michels G. , Hammer N. , Kümpers P. , Bernhard M. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements zur Versorgung kritisch kranker Patienten werden akute Störungen der Vitalfunktionen rasch detektiert und behandelt. Beim „primary survey“ (Erstversorgung) dient das etablierte ABCDE-Schema der strukturierten Untersuchung aller relevanten Vitalparameter. Akute Störungen werden hierbei unmittelbar detektiert und therapiert. „C-Probleme“ stellen den größten Anteil der ABCDE-Störungen bei nichttraumatologischen Schockraumpatienten dar und zeichnen sich durch eine hämodynamische Instabilität infolge hypovolämischer, obstruktiver, distributiver oder kardiogener Schockformen aus. Abhängig von den lokalen Versorgungsstrukturen umfasst die nichttraumatologische Schockraumversorgung hierbei auch die Stabilisierung von Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom oder nach prähospitaler Reanimation (Cardiac Arrest Center).
Cell-free DNA comparative analysis of the genomic landscape of first-line hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer from the US and China
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Davis Andrew A. , Xie Feng , Gui Xinyu , Chen Yifei , Zhang Qiang , Gerratana Lorenzo , Zhang Youbin , Shah Ami N. , Behdad Amir , Wehbe Firas , Huang Yong , Yu Jianjun , Du Pan , Jia Shidong , Li Huiping , Cristofanilli Massimo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Meaningful comparison of mutational landscapes across ethnic groups requires the use of standardized platform technology. We have used a harmonized NGS-based liquid biopsy assay to explore the differential genomic landscape of patients with initially hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative MBC of first line metastasis or primary Stage IV at diagnosis from the United States (US) and China (CN).

Methods
Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from 27 US patients and 65 CN patients was sequenced using the harmonized CLIA-certified, 152-gene PredicineCare™ liquid biopsy assay. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between genomic alterations and progression-free survival (PFS), and p-values were calculated using the log-rank test.

Results
All patients in the CN cohort received chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy, while 85.2% (23/27) patients in the US cohort received hormonal therapy plus CDK4/6 inhibitors. Mutations were detected in 23 of 27 (85%) US patients and 54 of 65 (83%) CN patients. The prevalence of AKT1 (P = 0.008) and CDH1 (P = 0.021) alterations were both higher in the US vs. CN cohort. In addition, FGFR1 amplification were more frequent in the CN vs. US cohort (P = 0.048). PTEN deletions (P = 0.03) and ESR1 alterations (P = 0.02) were associated with shorter PFS in the CN cohort, neither of these associations were observed in the US cohort. Interestingly, a reduced association between PTEN deletion and PFS was observed in patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment.

Conclusion
The differential prevalence of ctDNA-based alterations such as FGFR1, AKT1, and CDH1 was observed in initially HR+/HER2− MBC patients in the US vs. CN. In addition, the association of PTEN deletions with shorter PFS was found in the CN but not the US cohort. The differential genomic landscapes across the two ethnic groups may reflect biologic differences and clinical implications.
Truth and Method in Southern Criminology
Authors: Brown Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat does it mean to “do” southern criminology? What does this entail and what demands should it place on us as criminologists ethically and methodologically? This article addresses such questions through a form dialogue between the Global North and the Global South. At the center of this dialogue is a set of questions about ethical conduct in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding in human relations. These develop into a conversation that engages South Asian scholars working at the forefront of critical social science, history and theory with a foundational text of European hermeneuticist theory and practice, Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Truth and Method, published in 1960. Out of this exercise in communication across culture, histories and knowledge practices emerges a new kind of dialogue and a new way of thinking about ethical practice in criminology. To give such abstractions a concrete reference point, the article illustrates their possibilities and tensions through a case study of penal reform and the question of whether so-called “failed” Northern penal methods—like the prison—should be exported to the Global South. The article thus works dialogically back and forth through these scholars’ accounts of ethical conduct, research practice, the weight of history, and the work of theory with a very concrete and common criminological context in sight. The result is what might be understood as a norm of ethical engagement and an epistemology of dialogue.
Improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of a novel PEGylated native Erwinia chrysanthemi L-Asparaginase
Authors: Modi Tapasvi , Gervais David 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIntroduction. Erwinase® (native Erwinia chrysanthemi L-Asparaginase (nErA)) is an approved second-line treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children and adolescents, who develop hypersensitivity or neutralising antibodies to E.coli derived L-Asparaginases (ASNases). However, nErA has a short in vivo half-life requiring frequent dosing schedules in patients. In this study, nErA was covalently conjugated to PEG molecules with the aim of extending its half-life in vivo. Methods. Firstly, efficacy of this novel product PEG-nErA was investigated on human ALL cell lines (Jurkat, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSB2), in vitro. Secondly, its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics were determined, in vivo (12 rats in each group). Results. It was found that the specific activity (U/mg of enzyme) and the kinetic constant (KM) of nErA remained unaltered post PEGylation. PEG-nErA was shown to have similar cytotoxicity to nErA (IC50: 0.06–0.17 U/mL) on human ALL cell lines, in vitro. Further, when compared to nErA, PEG-nErA showed a significantly improved half-life in vivo, which meant that L-Asparagine (Asn) levels in plasma remained depleted for up to 25 days with a four-fold lower dose (100 U/kg) compared with 72 h for nErA at 400 U/kg dose. Conclusion. Overall, this next generation product PEG-nErA (with improved PK and PD characteristics compared to nErA) would bring a significant advantage to the therapeutic needs of ALL patients and should be further explored in clinical trials.
Investigation on graduate students’ social presence and social knowledge construction in two online discussion settings
Authors: Guo Chen , Shea Peter , Chen Xiangdong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOnline discussions have become important educational activities through which collaborative learning and knowledge construction can be facilitated. This study explores the use of two online discussion tools, online discussion board and VoiceThread, for supporting online course discussion activities among a group of graduate students and investigates the differences in the levels of social presence and social knowledge construction in the two discussion settings. Meanwhile, the participants’ posting behaviors and interaction patterns were also examined. Results reveal that the participants contributed more words when using the audio and video features of VoiceThread. Additionally, the graduate students tended to create more contents and demonstrated more social presence behaviors when interacting with others in the VoiceThread discussion platform. However, the participants exhibited fewer social knowledge construction behaviors than they did in the text-based online discussion board.
Reproductive effort affects subsequent horn growth in sexually dimorphic male ungulates
Authors: Willisch Christian Simon , Neuhaus Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTrade-offs between reproductive effort and subsequent growth in males are not well explored, despite their relevance in questions of individual energy allocation. Regarding the growth of sexual secondary characters in polygynous breeding male mammals, indeed, no conclusive studies exist. We investigated in male Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) the relationship between their behavioral reproductive effort, current horn size, and subsequent horn growth. While controlling for age, no evidence was found for male behavioral reproductive effort during the rut being affected by their horn size. On the other hand, reproductive effort significantly decreased age-specific horn growth during the following summer. Our study provides evidence that growth of secondary sexual characters is traded against behavioral investments in reproduction in a male mammal. It bears important implications for the understanding of energy allocation between various life-history components and the evolutionary ecology of secondary sexual characters.
Weekly Crime Concentration
Authors: Prieto Curiel Rafael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Examine and visualise the temporal concentration of different crime types and detect if their intensity varies through distinct moments of the week.

Methods
The “heartbeat of the crime signal” is constructed by overlapping the weekly time they were suffered. This study is based on more than 220,000 crimes reported to the Mexico City Police Department between January 2016 and March 2020 to capture the day and time of crimes and detect moments of the week in which the intensity exceeds the average frequency. A new metric for the temporal concentration of crime is constructed for different types of crime and regions of the city based on the corresponding heartbeats.

Results
The temporal concentration of crime is a stable signature of different types of crime. The intensity of robberies and theft is more homogeneous from Monday to Sunday, but robberies of a bank user are highly concentrated in a week, meaning that few hours of the week capture most of the burning moments. The concentration is not homogeneously distributed in the city, with some regions experiencing a much higher temporal concentration of crime.

Conclusions
Crime is highly concentrated when observed in its weekly patterns, but different types of crime and regions exhibit substantially distinct concentration levels. The temporal trace indicates specific moments for the burning times of different types of crime, which is a critical element of a policing strategy.
Risks and neurological benefits of meningioma surgery in elderly patients compared to young patients
Authors: Ahmeti Hajrullah , Borzikowsky Christoph , Hollander Dieter , Röcken Christoph , Jansen Olav , Synowitz Michael , Mehdorn Maximilian H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
While surgery is the primary treatment choice for intracranial meningiomas in young patients, surgery in elderly patients, especially those with pre-existing comorbidities, has been the subject of repeated discussion. This study investigated the postoperative risks and neurological benefits of meningioma surgery in elderly patients compared to young patients.

Methods
In total, 768 patients were included and divided into two main groups: group I (age: ≤ 64 years; 484 young patients) and group II (age: ≥ 65 years; 284 elderly patients). Group II was subdivided into: IIa (age: 65–69 years), IIb (age: 70–79 years); and IIc (age: ≥ 80 years).

Results
The total tumor resection rate was higher in the elderly cohort than in the young cohort (84.5 and 76.2%, respectively). 154 young patients (31.8%) and 132 elderly patients (46.5%) developed postoperative morbidities, with the three most common being bleeding (12.9%), cranial nerve disorder (10%) and CSF fistula (8.1%). Postoperative bleeding, palsy, speech disorder, pneumonia and renal insufficiency were dependent on age (r = 0.123, p = 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.014; r = 0.100, p = 0.006; r = 0.098, p = 0.007 and r = 0.084, p = 0.020) and presented more often in elderly patients. 6 young and 15 elderly patients died during the 17.4-year observation period. Most patients showed a significant improvement in postoperative KPS (p < 0.001), except those over 80 years old (p = 0.753). The KPS at the last follow-up was significantly improved in all patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Meningioma surgery is associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications in elderly patients than in young patients. Most elderly patients, similar to young patients, show a significant improvement in neurological status postoperatively.
bSTAB: an open-source software for computing the basin stability of multi-stable dynamical systems
Authors: Stender Merten , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pervasiveness of multi-stability in nonlinear dynamical systems calls for novel concepts of stability and a consistent quantification of long-term behavior. The basin stability is a global stability metric that builds on estimating the basin of attraction volumes by Monte Carlo sampling. The computation involves extensive numerical time integrations, attractor characterization, and clustering of trajectories. We introduce , an open-source software project that aims at enabling researchers to efficiently compute the basin stability of their dynamical systems with minimal efforts and in a highly automated manner. The source code, available athttps://github.com/TUHH-DYN/bSTAB/, is available for the programming language featuring parallelization for distributed computing, automated sensitivity and bifurcation analysis as well as plotting functionalities. We illustrate the versatility and robustness of for four canonical dynamical systems from several fields of nonlinear dynamics featuring periodic and chaotic dynamics, complicated multi-stability, non-smooth dynamics, and fractal basins of attraction. The projects aims at fostering interdisciplinary scientific collaborations in the field of nonlinear dynamics and is driven by the interaction and contribution of the community to the software package.