bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-13 Impact of maternal phosphorus intake on colostrum quality, calf growth, and calf immunoglobulin concentrations in primiparous beef cows
Authors: Lafferty Elizabeth , Kegley Beth B , Reynolds Jana , Shoulders Ben P , Powell Jeremy G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of maternal phosphorus intake on growth and health of their calves. Treatments were 1) a free-choice mineral containing no supplemental P or 2) a free-choice mineral with 4% supplement phosphorus. Primiparous crossbred Angus beef cows (n = 36) were stratified by body weight and pregnancy status (bred by artificial insemination or natural service) then assigned to pasture groups (4 groups, 2/treatment, 9 heifers/group). These bred heifers had been receiving these same dietary treatments from 30 days after weaning until confirmation of pregnancy. Eighteen bred heifers from each treatment were selected randomly to continue into this experiment. At calving, colostrum and blood samples were collected from a subset of 12 heifers/treatment (6/group) and evaluated. Body weights and calf viability scores were obtained for all cattle. Data were analyzed using the MIXED (for continuous data) and GLIMMIX (for scoring data) procedures of SAS using group as the experimental unit. Cows grazed mixed grass pastures; monthly forage samples ranged from 0.28 to 0.36% P. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.10) for cow body weight during gestation, calf birth weight, calf viability scores at birth, or calf weight at an average age of 21 days. There were also no differences (P &gt; 0.10) in colostrum components (fat, protein, lactose, and IgG), or in the serum IgG or plasma mineral concentrations for both cows and calves 48 hours after parturition. All calves were sampled at approximately 21 days of age and there were no treatment differences (P &gt; 0.10) in serum IgG concentrations. There were no benefits to supplementing gestating heifers with phosphorus when they grazed pasture with a history of fertilization with livestock manure.
PSVIII-28 Dietary impacts on rumen, vaginal, and uterine environments in beef heifers
Authors: Pickett Autumn , Cooke Reinaldo F , Brandão Alice , Colombo Eduardo , Mackey Shea , Filho Ramiro Oliveira , de Melo Gabriela Dalmaso , Poole Rebecca K , Pohler Ky G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This experiment examined the effects of diet composition on rumen, vaginal, and uterine environments in beef heifers. Fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Angus-influenced heifers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design (28-d periods and 21-d washout intervals). Dietary treatments included (as-fed) diets based on 100% grass hay (HF), 61% grass hay + 39% corn-based concentrate (INT), or 25% grass hay + 75% corn-based concentrate (HG). Treatments were offered individually to heifers once daily at 2% of their body weight. Heifers also received 280 g/d of a mineral mix containing melengestrol acetate. Rumen, vaginal, and uterine fluid samples were collected on d 0 and 28 of each period for pH measurement. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) using results from d 0 as independent covariates, and heifer as the experimental unit. Rumen pH on d 0 did not differ (P = 0.97) among treatments (7.197, 7.194, and 7.188 for HF, INT, and HG, respectively; SEM = 0.038). Ruminal pH on d 28 was greater (P ≤ 0.01) in HF compared with INT and HG (6.805, 6.628, and 6.380, respectively; SEM = 0.049), and greater (P &lt; 0.01) in INT compared with HG. Vaginal and uterine pH on d 0 did not differ (P ≥ 0.24) among HF, INT, and HG (6.914, 6.965, 6.780 of vaginal pH, respectively, SEM = 0.082; 6.644, 6.760, 6,592 of uterine pH, respectively, SEM = 0.079). Uterine and vaginal pH on d 28 also did not differ (P ≥ 0.64) among HF, INT, and HG heifers (6.926, 6.937, 6.918 of vaginal pH, respectively, SEM = 0.051; 6.567, 6.507, and 6.457 of uterine pH, respectively, SEM = 0.084). Therefore, dietary composition impacted rumen pH of beef heifers as expected, but without consequences to their vaginal and uterine pH.
PSXV-26 Performance and health responses of feedlot receiving cattle supplemented with pre- and probiotic ingredients
Authors: Mackey Shea , Cooke Reinaldo F , Colombo Eduardo , Wiegand Jacob , Pickett Autumn , Batista Luiz Fernando Dias , Alhadas Herlon , Pacheco Marcos , Proctor Jarret , Block Elliot , Brandão Alice 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This experiment compared performance and health responses of feedlot cattle receiving a synbiotic supplement (yeast-derived prebiotic + Bacillus subtilis probiotic), which replaced or were fed in conjunction with feed-grade antimicrobials (monensin and tylosin) during a 56-d receiving period. Angus-influenced steers (n = 192) from 4 different sources were transported for 800 km, and arrived on the experimental feedlot on d 0 when shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded. Steers were ranked by source and shrunk BW, and were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens. Pens were assigned to receive a free-choice diet containing: 1) monensin and tylosin (RT; 360 mg/steer daily from Rumensin and 90 mg/steer daily from Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), 2) yeast-derived ingredient and B. subtilis probiotic (CC; 18 g/steer daily of Celmanax and 28 g/steer daily of Certillus; Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ), or 3) monensin and tylosin combined with yeast-derived and B. subtilis ingredients (RTCC) as in RT and CC. Feed intake was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (7.34, 6.15, 6.22 kg of dry matter/head daily, respectively; SEM = 0.29). Average daily gain tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be greater in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (1.23, 1.16, 1.16 kg/d, respectively; SEM = 0.03). Feed efficiency was less in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (0.160, 0.173, 0.171 kg/kg, respectively; SEM = 0.003). Incidence of bovine respiratory disease did not differ (P = 0.37) between treatments (25.9, 20.2, and 15.5% for CC, RT, and RTCC, respectively; SEM = 5.2) during the 56-d receiving period. Collectively, replacing RT with CC improved feed intake and BW gain during a 56-d receiving period, despite reducing feed efficiency. Combining RT and CC ingredients, however, did not yield additional productive and health benefits to receiving cattle.
PSXV-24 Effects of dietary beet pulp on growth performance, beef quality, rumen fermentation characteristics, and blood parameters in Korean cattle steers
Authors: Beak Seok-Hyeon , Jung InHyuk , Jung da Jin Sol , Lee Jinoh , Kim Do Hyun , Kim HyunJin , MalekKhahi Mohammad , Baik Myunggi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigated the effects of feeding beet pulp (BP) instead of corn flake (CF) on growth performance, beef quality, ruminal fermentation, and blood parameters in Korean cattle steers. Eighteen Korean cattle steers (body weight, 732 ± 12.6 kg; age, 31.2 ± 0.16 months) were divided into the CF and BP groups. The approximately 92% of dry matter of the requirement was offered as a concentrate portion, and the 8% was offered as an oat straw. The 85% of concentrate portion was provided by the pelleted basal concentrate, and the remaining 15% with CF or BP for 12 weeks. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass traits were not affected by feeding BP. The proportion of ruminal iso-butyrate (P = 0.004), iso-valerate (P = 0.001), and valerate (P = 0.01) were lower in the BP group compared to the CF group. Blood glucose (P = 0.06) and non-esterified fatty acids (P = 0.09) concentrations tended to be higher in the BP group than in the CF group. The results suggest that BP could be a good energy source without affecting the growth performance and beef quality in Korean cattle steers.
PSXV-21 Assessment of the presence of anthelmintic resistance in Maryland beef cattle herds
Authors: Potts Sarah B , Grev Amanda M , Semler Jeffery W , Schoenian Susan , O’Brien Dahlia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reduced anthelmintic efficacy in beef cattle has recently been documented at the national level. The objective of this study was to determine if anthelmintic resistance is present in Maryland beef cattle herds. For this study, the fecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was used to assess anthelmintic efficacy of composite samples. Between July and October 2020, anthelmintic efficacy was assessed for 17 groups of cattle across 14 individual farms in Maryland. Each test group consisted of 24 ± 6 calves or yearlings (&lt; 16 months of age). Previous anthelmintic treatment history was used to assign each group to one of four commercially available anthelmintics: moxidectin (injectable), moxidectin (pour-on), doramectin, or fenbendazole. Prior to treatment, cattle were weighed to ensure appropriate dose according to the product label. Fecal samples were collected from all cattle within each group before and after (17 ± 5 d) treatment. Pre- and post-treatment samples were composited for each group on an equal-weight basis (10g per animal) and the number of eggs within the sample was determined using the 3-chambered McMaster technique. The mean FECR across all four anthelmintics was 60 ± 19% (mean ± 95% confidence interval), indicating that the anthelmintics tested in this study were largely ineffective. The FECR for the moxidectin injectable, moxidectin pour-on, doramectin, and fenbendazole treatments were 71 ± 38%, 47 ± 46%, 35 ± 88%, and 96 ± 18% (mean ± 95% confidence interval), respectively. Although these data indicate no statistically significant differences for efficacy among the four products tested, they do suggest that efficacy is highly variable across different anthelmintics and farms. Results also indicate that anthelmintic resistance exists on many cattle farms in Maryland. This study provides evidence that supports the need for more judicious anthelmintic use and alternative gastrointestinal parasite control measures in Maryland beef cattle herds.
PSXVI-11 Reference intervals of concentrations of essential and toxic elements in the hair of Kalmyk cows bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia, calculated by the AES-ICP and MS-ICP methods
Authors: Okhlopkov Sargylaan , Martynov Andrey , Vasiliev Yakov , Mironova Irina , Khabibullin Ruzel’ , Rakhmatullin Rafael’ 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reference intervals of concentrations of chemical elements in biological substrates of animals and humans are the main tool for interpreting the results of laboratory studies. However, establishing the reference intervals, it is necessary to take into account the factor of regional characteristics that consist of a number of elements: climate, terrain, the degree of anthropogenic loads, etc. In this regard, the main purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for the concentration of chemical elements in the hair of cows of the Kalmyk breed bred in a separate biogeochemical province. The studies were carried out on cows of the Kalmyk breed (n = 126; age 3–5 years) bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia. Hair samples were taken with the upper withers of an animal. The elemental composition of the samples was estimated according to 25 chemical elements by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Reference intervals for the content of chemical elements in animal hair were calculated according to the IUPAC recommendations (Poulsen OM et al., 1997) (2.5–97.5 percentile). As a result of the research, the following values of the boundaries of intervals have been established: Al (139–704); As (0.051–0.287); B (0.921–4.95); Ca (1272–3391); Cd (0.002–0.014); Co (0.111–0.517); Cr (0.674–3.09); Cu (4,840–8.99); Fe (250–1120); Hg (0.004–0.052); I (0.266–1.61); K (1433–6687); Li (0.248–0.857); Mg (393–2252); Mn (7.22–65.89); Na (1013–5258); Ni (0.448–2.88); P (160.0–374); Pb (0.170–0.615); Se (0.147–0.419); Si (6.36–604); Sn (0.011–0.630); Sr (4.5–17.80); V (0.401–1.59); Zn (72.93–126.0). The reference intervals obtained in our study can be used to assess the elemental status of the Kalmyk cows bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia. The research was carried out in accordance with the state contract No. 19–28 “Implementation of adaptive technologies for keeping specialized beef cattle in the conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).”
PSXVI-15 Study of the content of maternal lymphocytes with Barr’s bodies in the bloodstream and red bone marrow of newborn male mice
Authors: Ignateva Anastasia A , Vasileva Svetlana V , Vasilev Roman M , Dushenina Olga , Panova Nataliya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In animals with hemochorical placenta, the transfer of maternal antibodies and white blood cells to the fetus can take place along the transplacentary pathway. In the first hours of life, the intestines of newborn animals are able to absorb antibodies from colossus by pinocytosis. Similarly, maternal lymphocytes can get into the blood of a newborn. The aim of this work was to identify maternal lymphoid cells with sexual x-chromatin in the blood and red bone marrow of newborn male mice. Studies were conducted on nonlinean lactating mice and newborn male mice. Two groups of five animals were formed. The mice had breast glands. A longitudinal incision was made and a print smear was prepared. The bone marrow was taken from the proximal part of the femur. Blood was obtained by amputating the tip of the tail. All the drugs were stained by Pappenheim and examined with immersion optics. In the study of breast tissue smears, the number of lymphocytes in the microscope fields was counted. Visualization of drugs showed their high frequency of occurrence (15,1±1.7 in 100 fields of vision). In three-day male mice, the percentage of lymphocytes in the blood was 55.4±3.5%, including cells with x-chromatin (2.4±0.2±%). of which 5.3±3.2% were maternal cells with Barra Taurus. The appearance of maternal lymphocytes in the systemic circulation of newborn male mice is explained by the possibility of their transfer through the hemochorial placenta or absorption into colos dairy through the intestines. Active migration of maternal lymphocytes from the systemic circulation of young animals to the red bone marrow is necessary for the formation of cellular immunity in the body during the period of growth and development.
PSXVI-14 Study of the antagonistic properties of C. utilis in relation to the resident microflora of the animal organism
Authors: Kolodina Evgenia , Nikanova Daria A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
C. utilis yeast is widely used in industry for the production of fodder protein, amino acids, vitamins, and enzymes. We have studied the antimicrobial activity of C. utilis CY 302 against such collection strains as E. coli 3912/41, S. flexneri 1a 8516, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 79, S. epidermidis ATCC 14990, S. aureus ATCC 25923, Proteus vulgaris HX 19 222, L. casei subsp. Rhamnosus ATCC 7469, B. breve ATCC 15701, C. albicans ATCC 10231 by using the agar blocks method and by measuring the inhibition growth zone (IGZ, mm) accompanied by the target cells death zone. The yeast strain was grown on Sabouraud’s medium at 28±1 °C for 3 days, and the test cultures were grown on differential diagnostic media for each bacterial species (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, India) at 35±2 °C overnight. The analyses were done separately for each culture. A weak antimicrobial effect was observed with respect to L. casei and B. breve, the IGZ was 5.0 and 4.0 mm, respectively. The halos of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria were 7 mm for E. coli, 5 mm for S. typhimurium, 5 mm for P. vulgaris, 6 mm for S. fiexneri, 6 mm for S. aureus, and 5 mm for S. epidermidis. After incubation there was noted the absence of DZZR in the wild C. utilis CY 302 strain in relation to the C. albicans ATCC 10231 strain from the collection. As a result of the studies the antagonistic potential of the yeast isolate C. utilis CY 302 was revealed. The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia.
PSV-B-27 The effects of carbohydrate hydrocolloids on firmness, toughness, and expressible moisture of wet pet food
Authors: Dainton Amanda N , Dogan Hulya , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In a previous experiment, inclusion of guar gum, kappa carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum were observed to influence the texture of wet pet food. However, limited published research has addressed their texture and water holding. Therefore, the objective was to quantify the differences in texture and expressible moisture (EM) due to common hydrocolloids in wet pet foods. Treatments included 1% dextrose (D) and 0.5% guar gum with either 0.5% dextrose (DG), 0.5% kappa carrageenan (KCG), 0.5% locust bean gum (LBG), or 0.5% xanthan gum (XGG) in a chicken-based product processed in three replicate batches. Processing occurred in a still retort at 121 °C and 144.79 kPa for an average 81.25 minute cook cycle and 79.58 minute cooling cycle. Texture analysis was conducted with a modified back extrusion while products remained in the can (n = 5) and firmness (peak force measurement) and toughness (positive area under the curve) were recorded during a 2 cm penetration. Expressible moisture was analyzed by centrifugal methods. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effect of batch. Fisher’s LSD post hoc test was used to separate means. The KCG treatment exhibited the highest (P &lt; 0.05) firmness (27.00 N) and D and DG the lowest (average 8.75 N) with LBG and XGG intermediate (average 15.59 N). More differentiation was noted in toughness, with D (67 N x mm) less tough (P &lt; 0.05) than DG (117 N x mm). The D treatment had the highest (P &lt; 0.05) EM (49.91%) and was the only treatment to separate into 2 phases. The LBG and XGG treatments had the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) EM (average 16.54%) with DG and KCG intermediate (average 25.26%). Carbohydrate hydrocolloids utilize different mechanisms to provide structure, which likely caused the differences in texture and EM observed.
PSV-B-22 Evaluation of whole soybeans as an ingredient in dog diets: Canine palatability of extruded diets with graded levels of dehulled whole soybeans
Authors: Kim Hee S , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Increasing the amount of liquid fat in the ration during extrusion can negatively affect product density and product expansion. High-fat ingredients, such as whole soybeans (WSB), may increase energy density while avoiding production issues. In a preliminary extrusion project, the addition of graded levels of WSB on food processing was evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of incremental addition of whole soybeans in dry dog food on palatability. Experimental diets were extruded with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% WSB (WSB0, WSB10, WSB20, and WSB30, respectively). Palatability was determined with a 2-bowl test by beagle dogs (n = 20) for 2 days with each WSB diet compared to the WSB0. First choice preference and total food consumption were recorded for each dog. Individual intake ratios (IR) were calculated (intake of each diet/total intake). First choice (FC) was analyzed by a Chi2 probability, and the consumption of each diet was compared by a Wilcoxon signed rank test and a 2-way analysis of variance (2-way ANOVA). Dogs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) first choice for WSB diets relative to the WSB0, but there was no significant difference among treatments for the food consumption and intake ratio. When comparing WSB0 to WSB10, FC occurred in 13/40 occasions (P &lt; 0.05). The FC for WSB0 occurred in 12/40 occasions compared to WSB20 and in 11/40 occasions compared to WSB30 (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, dogs favored WSB diets over the control diet showing a higher score in the indication of aroma, but this did not result in higher consumption. In conclusion, palatability was not affected by the inclusion of WSB in the dry dog food.
PSV-B-21 Evaluation of whole soybeans as an ingredient in dog diets: Apparent total tract digestibility and stool quality of extruded diets with graded levels of dehulled whole soybeans by dogs
Authors: Kim Hee S , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Increasing the amount of liquid fat to the ration during extrusion can negatively affect product density and product expansion. Ingredients, like whole soybeans (WSB), which are high in fat may aid increased energy density while avoiding production issues. In a preliminary extrusion project, the effects on the process of foods were evaluated, followed by animal evaluation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dehulled WSB on nutrient digestibility and stool quality by dogs. Experimental diets were extruded with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% WSB (WSB0, WSB10, WSB20, and WSB30, respectively). Seven castrated male and three spayed female Beagles of similar age (6.25 ± 0.452 years) were individually housed and fed the experimental diets. The study was designed as replicated 4 × 4 Latin square where dogs were allowed 9-d adaptation followed by 5-d total fecal collection for each period. Titanium dioxide was added to all diets (0.4%) to serve as an indigestible dietary marker to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Least-square means of fecal parameters and ATTD were analyzed with a single degree of freedom contrasts and significance at α = 0.05. There was no difference among treatments for food intake or fecal scores. However, there were linear increases (P &lt; 0.05) in DM fecal output, as is fecal output, fecal moisture, and defecation frequency stools/day as WSB increased in the diets. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and gross energy decreased linearly as dogs were fed increasing levels of WSB in the diets (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, additional thermal processing before extrusion may improve nutrient digestibility, although stool quality was not affected by the inclusion of WSB.
PSV-B-18 Characterization of the fecal microbiome of healthy adult beagle dogs supplemented with graded levels of bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086
Authors: Acuff Heather L , Gaire Tara N , Doerksen Tyler , Lu Andrea , Hays Michael P , Palinski Rachel M , Hardwidge Philip R , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 on the fecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. Extruded diets containing graded levels of probiotic applied either to the base ration before extrusion or as a topical coating post-extrusion were randomly assigned to ten individually-housed Beagle dogs (7 castrated males, 3 spayed females) of similar age (5.75 ± 0.23 yr) and body weight (12.3 ± 1.5 kg) in a 5 x 5 replicated Latin square with 16-d adaptation and 5-d total fecal collection for each period. Five dietary treatments were formulated to deliver a dose of 0-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-log10 CFU·dog-1·d-1. Fresh fecal samples (n=50) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Community diversity was evaluated in R (v4.0.3, R Core Team, 2019). Relative abundance data were analyzed using a mixed model (v9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment and period as fixed effects and dog as a random effect. Results were considered significant at P &lt; 0.05. Predominant phyla were Firmicutes (mean 81.2% ± 5), Actinobacteria (mean 9.9% ± 4.4), Bacteroidetes (mean 4.5% ± 1.7), Proteobacteria (mean 1.3% ± 0.7), and Fusobacteria (mean 1.1% ± 0.6). No evidence of shifts in predominant phyla, class, family, or genus taxonomic levels were observed except for the Bacillus genus, which had a greater relative abundance (P = 0.0189) in the low probiotic coating and high probiotic coating treatment groups compared to the extruded probiotic group. Alpha-diversity indices (Richness, Chao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson, Inverse Simpson, and Fisher) and beta-diversity metrics (principal coordinate analysis and multi-dimensional scaling) were similar for all treatments. This data indicates that supplementation with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 at a dose of up to 9 log10 CFU·d-1 did not alter the overall diversity of the fecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs over a 21-d period.