bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of remdesivir in severe COVID-19 using observational data from a prospective national cohort study
Authors: Arch B N , Kovacs D , Scott J T , Jones A P , Harrison E M , Rosala-Hallas A , Gamble C G , Openshaw P J M , Baillie J K , Semple M G 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRemdesivir has been evaluated in clinical trial populations, but there is a sparsity of evidence evaluating effectiveness in general populations.MethodsAdults eligible to be treated with remdesivir, requiring oxygen but not ventilated, were identified from UK patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Patients treated with remdesivir within 24h of hospitalisation were compared with propensity-score matched controls; estimates of effectiveness were calculated for short-term outcomes (14-day mortality, 28-day mortality, time-to-recovery among others) using multivariable modelling.Results9,278 out of 39,330 patients satisfied eligibility criteria. 1,549 patients were identified as ‘treated’ and matched with 4,964 controls. Patients were 62% male, mean (SD) age 63.1 (15.6) years, 80% ‘White’ ethnicity, and symptomatic for a median of 6 days prior to baseline. There was no statistically significant benefit of remdesivir at 14 days in terms of mortality or clinical status; there were signals of effectiveness in time-to-recovery after day 9, and a reduction in 28-day mortality.ConclusionIn a real-world setting, initiation of remdesivir within 24h of hospitalisation in conjunction with standard of care was not associated with a benefit at 14 days but supports clinical trial evidence of a potential reduction in 28-day mortality.
Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response that Cross Reacts with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Comunale Brittany A. , Engineer Lilly , Jiang Yong , Andrews John C. , Liu Qianna , Ji Lyuqing , Yurkovich James T. , Comunale Roderick A. , Xie Qiyi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMillions have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but the severity of resultant infections has varied among adults and children, with adults presenting more serious symptomatic cases. Children may possess an immunity that adults lack, possibly from childhood vaccinations. This retrospective study suggests immunization against the poliovirus may provide an immunity to SARS-CoV-2.MethodsPublicly available data were analyzed for possible correlations between national median ages and epidemiological outbreak patterns across 100 countries. Sera from 204 adults and children, who were immunized with the poliovirus vaccine, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of polio-immune serum on SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathology in cell culture were then evaluated.ResultsAnalyses of median population age demonstrated a positive correlation between median age and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and death rates. Countries with effective poliovirus immunization protocols and younger populations have fewer and less pathogenic cases of COVID-19. Antibodies to poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2 were found in pediatric sera and in sera from adults recently immunized with polio. Western blot demonstrated antibodies recognized the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) of either virus. Sera from polio-immunized individuals inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero cell cultures. These results suggest the anti-D3-pol-antibody, induced by poliovirus vaccination, may provide a similar degree of protection from SARS-CoV-2 to adults as to children.ConclusionsPoliovirus vaccination induces an adaptive humoral immune response. Antibodies created by poliovirus vaccination bind the RdRp protein of both poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2, thereby preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest proteins other than “spike” proteins may be suitable targets for immunity and vaccine development.
RPRD Proteins Control Transcription in Human Cells
Authors: Winczura Kinga , Ceylan Hurmuz , Sledziowska Monika , Jones Matt , Fagarasan Holly , Wang Jianming , Saponaro Marco , Arnold Roland , Hebenstreit Daniel , Grzechnik Pawel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe regulation of transcription is an essential process that allows the cell to respond to various internal and external signals. RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) activity is controlled by a number of factors which bind to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of its largest subunit, RPB1, and stimulate or suppress RNA synthesis. Here, we demonstrate that CTD-interacting proteins, RPRD2, RPRD1B and RPRD1A act as negative regulators of transcription and their levels inversely correlate with the accumulation of nascent and newly transcribed RNA in human cells. We show that the RPRD proteins form mutually exclusive complexes with Pol II to coordinate their roles in transcriptional control. Our data indicate that RPRD2 exerts the most substantial impact on transcription and has the potential to alter key biological processes including the cellular stress response and cell growth.
Recruitment of Polo-like kinase couples synapsis to meiotic progression via inactivation of CHK-2
Authors: Zhang Liangyu , Stauffer Weston T. , Wang John S. , Wu Fan , Yu Zhouliang , Liu Chenshu , Dernburg Abby F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeiotic chromosome segregation relies on synapsis and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes. These processes require multiple steps that are coordinated by the meiotic cell cycle and monitored by surveillance mechanisms. In diverse species, failures in chromosome synapsis can trigger a cell cycle delay and/or lead to apoptosis. How this key step in “homolog engagement” is sensed and transduced by meiotic cells is unknown. Here we report that inC. elegans, recruitment of the Polo-like kinase PLK-2 to the synaptonemal complex triggers phosphorylation and inactivation of CHK-2, an early meiotic kinase required for pairing, synapsis, and double-strand break induction. Inactivation of CHK-2 ends double-strand break formation and promotes crossover designation and cell cycle progression. These findings illuminate how meiotic cells ensure crossover formation and accurate chromosome segregation.SummaryAccurate chromosome segregation during meiosis requires crossovers between each pair of homologs. Zhanget al. show that meiotic progression inC. elegansinvolves inactivation of CHK-2 by PLK-2 in response to synapsis and formation of crossover precursors on all chromosomes.
Land Use and Endemic Avian Biodiversity on Nusa Penida
Authors: Abrantes Ashlee A. , Brown William D. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryUnderstanding anthropogenic alterations to land use and their effects can inform conservation efforts in tropical biodiversity hotspots. In 2004 the Indonesian Palau Penida Archipelago, off the coast of Bali, was established as an unofficial bird reserve; however, studies of the islands’ land use and avian biodiversity were never conducted and have not been monitored. I surveyed birds across 32 transects in land use categories designated: agriculture, deforested, developed, and forest. Forest transects presented the greatest endemic species richness, but overall, Shannon diversity different significantly among land use categories, particularly forested and deforested. ANOVA indicated exotic bird density was significantly higher than endemic bird density across all transects. Birds serve as a common biodiversity barometer and this study can serve to inform land use management decisions on the Archipelago and throughout reserves and protected areas throughout the tropics.RingkasanMemahami perubahan antropogenik untuk penggunaan lahan dan dampaknya dapat menginformasikan upaya konservasi di hotspot keanekaragaman hayati tropis. Pada tahun 2004 Kepulauan Palau Penida Indonesia, di lepas pantai Bali, didirikan sebagai cagar burung tidak resmi; Namun, studi tentang penggunaan lahan pulau-pulau dan keanekaragaman hayati burung tidak pernah dilakukan dan belum dipantau. Saya mensurvei burung di 32 transek dalam kategori penggunaan lahan yang ditunjuk: pertanian, gundul, dikembangkan, dan hutan. Transek hutan menunjukkan kekayaan spesies endemik terbesar, tetapi secara keseluruhan, keanekaragaman Shannon berbeda secara signifikan di antara kategori penggunaan lahan, terutama yang berhutan dan digunduli. ANOVA menunjukkan kepadatan burung eksotis secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada kepadatan burung endemik di semua transek. Burung berfungsi sebagai barometer keanekaragaman hayati yang umum dan studi ini dapat berfungsi untuk menginformasikan keputusan pengelolaan penggunaan lahan di Kepulauan Indonesia dan di seluruh cagar dan kawasan lindung di seluruh daerah tropis.
EEG-based neurofeedback with network components extraction: a data-driven approach by multilayer ICA extension and simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements
Authors: Ogawa Takeshi , Moriya Hiroki , Hiroe Nobuo , Kawanabe Motoaki , Hirayama Jun-ichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have reported advanced treatments for depressive symptoms, such as real-time neurofeedback (NF) with functional MRI (fMRI) and/or electroencephalogram (EEG). NF focusing on a regularization of brain activity associated with the amygdala or functional connectivity (FC) between the executive control network (ECN) and default mode network (DMN) has been applied to reduce depressive symptoms. However, it is practically difficult to install the fMRI-NF system and to consistently provide treatment, because of high cost. Additionally, no practical signal processing techniques have been developed extracting FC-related features from EEG signals, particularly when no physical forward models are available. In this regard, stacked pooling and linear components estimation (SPLICE), recently proposed as a multilayer extension of independent component analysis (ICA) and related independent subspace analysis (ISA), can be a promising alternative. The resting-state EEG network features can be correlated with fMRI network activity corresponding to the DMN or ECN. This may enable the modulation of the target FC-related features in EEG-based NF.In this study, we developed a real-time EEG NF system for improving depressive symptoms by using the SPLICE. Utilizing information from the fMRI biomarkers, we evaluated our paradigm for effectiveness with regard to upregulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex /middle frontal gyrus or downregulation of the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex. We conducted an NF experiment in participants with subclinical depression; the participants were divided into the NF group (n=8) and the sham group (n=9). We found a significant reduction and a large effect size in the rumination response scale (RRS) score (reflection) in the NF group, compared to the sham group.However, we did not find a significant relationship between the training score and difference in symptoms. This suggests that increased controllability of the EEG signals did not directly reduce the RRS reflection score. This could be due to various reasons such as improper feature extraction, individual differences, and the targeted brain regions. In this paper, we also discuss the possible ways to modify our NF protocol including the design of the experiment, sample size, and online processing. We then discuss way to improve the NF training, based on our results.
Altered effective connectivity from the posterior insula to the amygdala mediates the relationship between psychopathic traits and concern with the Harm foundation
Authors: Ye Shuer , Li Wei , Zhu Bing , Lv Yating , Yang Qun , Krueger Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPsychopathic traits have been demonstrated to be associated with different types of morality; however, the neuropsychological mechanism underlying the relationship between psychopathic traits and morality remains unclear. Our study examined the effective connectivity (EC) of psychopathic traits-related brain regions and its association to concern with different moral foundations by combining behavioral measures with resting-state fMRI. We administered the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) and Moral Foundation Questionnaire (MFQ) to 78 college students after resting-state fMRI scanning. Our results showed that total and primary psychopathic traits score predicted concern with the Harm foundation. The EC from the posterior insula to the amygdala was negatively correlated with psychopathic traits and positively with concern with the Harm foundation. Altered posterior insula-amygdala EC partially mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and concern with the Harm foundation. Our findings indicated that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits may have atypical processes in recognizing and integrating bodily state information into emotional responses, leading to less concern for harm-related morality. The study deepened our understanding of the neuropsychological mechanism underlying the relationship between psychopathic traits and morality and may have implications for the prevention of higher psychopathic traits individuals from committing serious transgressions.
Big4 responses to the COVID-19 crisis: an examination of Bauman's moral impulse
Authors: Safari Maryam , Tsahuridu Eva , Lowe Alan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe paper offers insights on the response of a Big4 firm to the COVID-19 crisis vis-à-vis moral considerations. More specifically, the authors draw on Bauman's (1990) “moral impulse” to explore how the interrelated tactics of distancing, effacement of the face and reduction of people to traits tend to weaken moral considerations and negatively influences decisions and actions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a qualitative approach that involves an interpretive textual analysis of the COVID-19 responses of a Big 4 accounting firm. Their study uses two vignettes in which they problematise aspects of the actions and ethico-social contribution of a Big4 firm in the heat of a global pandemic.FindingsThe findings reveal examples of effacement of the human face (depersonalization/dehumanization) and reduction of persons to traits, as well as excessive distancing between the “doing” actors and those individuals who bear the consequences of those actions. Revealing an opportunity lost, the authors’ vignettes indicate that the reduction to traits tactics led to dissembling and dehumanizing employees into resources that perform tasks that are “value-add” for the organisation, consonant with neoliberal ideologies.Research limitations/implicationsThe common limitations of qualitative approach apply to the current study for generalisability. The authors also rely heavily on publicly available information given the time frame they were faced with and their chosen research approach.Social implicationsDrawing on accounting delineation debates, the paper calls for societal dialogues for reshaping the “official” accounting of events.Originality/valueThe authors elaborate moral impulse through the interrelated tactics of distancing, effacement of the face and reduction to traits, during a crisis. Their study mobilises a moral evaluation through which they uncover documented responses by a Big4 firm during the COVID-19 crisis. The study shows how the norms of human action have been systematically cut off from the original moral habitat and subordinated, and evaluated according, to business standards.
The rhetoric of New Zealand's COVID-19 response
Authors: Bui Binh , Moses Olayinka , Dumay John 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe authors unpack the critical role of rhetoric in developing and justifying the New Zealand (NZ) government's coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown strategy.Design/methodology/approachUsing Green's (2004) theory of rhetorical diffusion, the authors analysed government documents and media releases before, during and after the lockdown to reconstruct the government's rationale.FindingsThe blending of kairos (sense of urgency and “right” time to act), ethos (emphasis on “saving lives”), pathos (fear of disruption and death) and selective use of health-based logos (shrinking infection rates), prompted fast initial adoption of the lockdown. However, support for the rhetoric wavered post-lockdown as absence of robust logos became apparent to the public.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors implicate the role of rhetoric in decision-makers’ ability to successfully elicit support for a new practice under urgency and the right moment to act using emotionalisation and moralisation. The assessment of the NZ government's response strategy provides insights decision-makers could glean in developing policies to tame the virus.Practical implicationsThis study’s analysis demonstrates the unsustainability of rhetoric in the absence of reliable information.Originality/valueThe authors demonstrate the consequences of limited (intermittent) evidence and disregard for accounting/accountability data in public policy decisions under a rhetorical strategy.
Mechanisms for enhancing the use of social media for knowledge sharing by the construction professionals
Authors: Etemadi Ramtin , Hon Carol K.H. , Manley Karen , Murphy Glen 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the mechanisms for transforming construction professionals’ intentions into use of social media (SM) for knowledge sharing (KS). The objectives are to: identify the common types of SM platforms used by the construction professionals for KS; identify the key problems influencing transformation of the construction professionals’ intentions into use of SM for KS; identify the factors mitigating the problems; and provide recommendations for enhancing construction professionals’ use of SM for KS.

Design/methodology/approach
The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with Australian construction professionals and analysed using grounded theory (GT). The outcomes of the analyses formed a framework for the enhancement of SM use for KS.

Findings
The findings show that private SM followed by enterprise SM are more appealing to the construction professionals for KS compared to public SM; and uncertainties about users’ privacy/confidentiality and the quality of the shared knowledge adversely affect the transformation of the construction professionals’ intentions into use of SM for KS. Three types of trust are identified as the mitigators of the identified problems. A framework is proffered to enhance SM use for KS by construction professionals.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the construction literature by developing a GT to explain the factors which impact the transformation of the construction professionals’ intentions into use of SM for KS. Additionally, the practical contribution of this study is the provision of framework constituting recommendations for the enhancement of SM use for KS.
High speed data encryption technique with optimized memory based RSA algorithm for communications
Authors: Budati Anil Kumar , Snv Ganesh , Cherukupalli Kumar , P. Anil Kumar , Moorthy T. Venkata Krishna 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The privacy of the information is a major challenge in the communication process. In the present modern generation, the cryptography plays a vital role in providing security for data, such as text, images and video while transmitting from source to destination through internet or intranet. The Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) is an asymmetric key cryptographic system, where the security of the method works on the strength of the key.

Design/methodology/approach
In an asymmetric key crypto system, a pair of keys is generated one public key for encryption and one private key for decryption. The major challenge of implementing the RSA is the power function which becomes tedious and time consuming as the exponential value increases. The Chinese remainder theorem proves to be the best for data encryption when it comes to execution time of the algorithm. The proposed novel RSA algorithm with lookup table (LUT) is an extension to the Chinese remainder algorithm, which works better for image and video in terms of time complexity.

Findings
This paper presents a LUT approach for implementing the RSA with a minimal processing time. The proposed algorithm was compared with the standard algorithms like, Chinese remainder theorem, binary approach and squared multiplication approach. As the size of the exponent value increases, the proposed method shows better performance compared to other standard methods.

Originality/value
This paper presents a LUT approach for implementing the RSA with a minimal processing time. The proposed algorithm was compared with the standard algorithms like, Chinese remainder theorem, binary approach and squared multiplication approach. As the size of the exponent value increases, the proposed method shows better performance compared to other standard methods.
A win-win for health care: promoting co-leadership and increasing women’s representation at the top
Authors: Belasen Alan T. , Belasen Anat M. , Belasen Abigail R. , Belasen Ariel R. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of research on health-care leadership by demonstrating the value of dyads and triads in strengthening capabilities of health-care settings and providing action pathways to accelerate gender parity in senior health-care positions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the evidence that when single-leadership models are used and women are under-represented in leadership, the health-care industry may miss out on opportunities to increase efficiency and quality of care. Next, the paper describes a co-leadership model with distinct and overlapping roles, which promotes women’s participation and inspires administrative and clinical leaders to collaborate and achieve optimal performance.

Findings
The dyad as the enabling track for women in health-care leadership creates opportunities for health-care systems to bridge the gender gap in senior positions as well as improve the delivery of cost-effective quality care.

Practical implications
The inclusive co-leadership model with distinct and overlapping roles is a promising pathway for increasing health-care system efficiency and for promoting women to senior roles by tapping into the leadership skills and expertise that women bring to these roles.

Originality/value
The current paper demonstrates the dual effects of using co-leadership in senior health-care positions and fixing the gender imbalance. It has significant implications for advancing similar pathways in other industries as a means for accelerating gender parity in senior management.