bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change impact uncertainty assessment and adaptations for sustainable maize production using multi-crop and climate models
Authors: Yasin Mubashra , Ahmad Ashfaq , Khaliq Tasneem , Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Niaz Salma , Gaiser Thomas , Ghafoor Iqra , Hassan Hafiz Suboor ul , Qasim Muhammad , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFuture climate scenarios are predicting considerable threats to sustainable maize production in arid and semi-arid regions. These adverse impacts can be minimized by adopting modern agricultural tools to assess and develop successful adaptation practices. A multi-model approach (climate and crop) was used to assess the impacts and uncertainties of climate change on maize crop. An extensive field study was conducted to explore the temporal thermal variations on maize hybrids grown at farmer’s fields for ten sowing dates during two consecutive growing years. Data about phenology, morphology, biomass development, and yield were recorded by adopting standard procedures and protocols. The CSM-CERES, APSIM, and CSM-IXIM-Maize models were calibrated and evaluated. Five GCMs among 29 were selected based on classification into different groups and uncertainty to predict climatic changes in the future. The results predicted that there would be a rise in temperature (1.57–3.29 °C) during the maize growing season in five General Circulation Models (GCMs) by using RCP 8.5 scenarios for the mid-century (2040–2069) as compared with the baseline (1980–2015). The CERES-Maize and APSIM-Maize model showed lower root mean square error values (2.78 and 5.41), higher d-index (0.85 and 0.87) along reliable R2 (0.89 and 0.89), respectively for days to anthesis and maturity, while the CSM-IXIM-Maize model performed well for growth parameters (leaf area index, total dry matter) and yield with reasonably good statistical indices. The CSM-IXIM-Maize model performed well for all hybrids during both years whereas climate models, NorESM1-M and IPSL-CM5A-MR, showed less uncertain results for climate change impacts. Maize models along GCMs predicted a reduction in yield (8–55%) than baseline. Maize crop may face a high yield decline that could be overcome by modifying the sowing dates and fertilizer (fertigation) and heat and drought-tolerant hybrids.
Degradation of a protected mountain area by tourist traffic: case study of the Tatra National Park, Poland
Authors: Fidelus-Orzechowska Joanna , Gorczyca Elżbieta , Bukowski Marcin , Krzemień Kazimierz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMountain protected areas are characterized by high biodiversity, which makes it a great challenge for managers to maintain a balance between their use and the stability of natural ecosystems. Maintaining that balance is particularly difficult in areas with high tourism pressure. The expected volume of tourist traffic should be considered at the planning stage of the tourist infrastructure development process. Insufficient capacity of tourist infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation, which is hard, or at times impossible, to repair. In our research, we identified patterns of tourist footpath and road functioning in an environmentally protected area with high volumes of tourist traffic. Data from geomorphologic mapping was analyzed in order to identify tourist footpath and road structures in the Tatra National Park (TNP). Fieldwork was conducted in several stages between 1995 and 2019. Orthophotomaps from the years 1977, 2009, 2017 and 2019 were used to identify and compare degraded zones along selected tourist footpaths. Degraded zones were defined as areas surrounding a footpath or tourist road with a mean width larger than or equal to 10 meters, with heavily damaged or completely removed vegetation and exposed, weathered cover, where geomorphic processes that would not take place under normal conditions are readily observable. The examined tourist footpaths and roads vary in terms of their morphometric parameters. Research has shown important differences between mean and maximum footpath width as well as maximum incision depth for the forest zone versus the subalpine and alpine zones. A lack of differences in these parameters was noted between the alpine and subalpine zones. Research has shown that an increase in the surface area of degraded zones found adjacent to tourist footpaths occurred in all the studied geo-ecological zones in the study period. However, the largest increase occurred atop wide ridgelines found in the alpine zone. Degraded zones may be an indication of exceeding the tourist carrying capacity of a mountain tourist area. Mass tourism in TNP contributes to the formation of degraded zones adjacent to footpaths, whose continuous evolution may lead to irreversible changes in local relief.
Essential Role of Sptan1 in Cochlear Hair Cell Morphology and Function Via Focal Adhesion Signaling
Authors: Yao Qingxiu , Wang Hui , Chen Hengchao , Li Zhuangzhuang , Jiang Yumeng , Li Zhipeng , Wang Jiping , Xing Yazhi , Liu Feng , Yu Dongzhen , Yin Shankai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHearing loss is the most common human sensory deficit. Hearing relies on stereocilia, inserted into the cuticular plate of hair cells (HCs), where they play an important role in the perception of sound and its transmission. Although numerous genes have been associated with hearing loss, the function of many hair cell genes has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we focused on nonerythroid spectrin αII (SPTAN1), abundant in the cuticular plate, surrounding the rootlets of stereocilia and along the plasma membrane. Interestingly, mice with HC-specific Sptan1 knockout exhibited rapid deafness, abnormal formation of stereocilia and cuticular plates, and loss of HCs from middle and apical turns of the cochlea during early postnatal stages. Additionally, Sptan1 deficiency led to the decreased spreading of House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells, and induced abnormal formation of focal adhesions and integrin signaling in mouse HCs. Altogether, our findings highlight SPTAN1 as a critical molecule for HC stereocilia morphology and auditory function via regulation of focal adhesion signaling.
Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaque Coating for Thrombosis Microfluidics Assays
Authors: Karel M. F. A. , Lemmens T. P. , Tullemans B. M. E. , Wielders S. J. H. , Gubbins E. , van Beurden D. , van Rijt S. , Cosemans J. M. E. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Studying arterial thrombus formation by in vitro flow assays is a widely used approach. Incorporating human atherosclerotic plaque material as a thrombogenic surface in these assays represents a method to model the pathophysiological environment of thrombus formation upon plaque disruption. Up until now, achieving a homogeneous coating of plaque material and subsequent reproducible platelet adhesion has been challenging. Here, we characterized a novel method for coating of plaque material on glass coverslips for use in thrombosis microfluidic assays.

Methods
A homogenate of human atherosclerotic plaques was coated on glass coverslips by conventional manual droplet coating or by spin coating. Prior to coating, a subset of coverslips was plasma treated. Water contact angle measurements were performed as an indicator for the hydrophilicity of the coverslips. Homogeneity of plaque coatings was determined using profilometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Thrombogenicity of the plaque material was assessed in real time by microscopic imaging while perfusing whole blood at a shear rate of 1500 s−1 over the plaque material.

Results
Plasma treatment of glass coverslips, prior to spin coating with plaque material, increased the hydrophilicity of the coverslip compared to no plasma treatment. The most homogeneous plaque coating and highest platelet adhesion was obtained upon plasma treatment followed by spin coating of the plaque material. Manual plaque coating on non-plasma treated coverslips yielded lowest coating homogeneity and platelet adhesion and activation.

Conclusion
Spin coating of atherosclerotic plaque material on plasma treated coverslips leads to a more homogenous coating and improved platelet adhesion to the plaque when compared to conventional droplet coating on non-plasma treated coverslips. These properties are beneficial in ensuring the quality and reproducibility of flow experiments.
Creating customer value from data: foundations and archetypes of analytics-based services
Authors: Hunke Fabian , Heinz Daniel , Satzger Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe digital transformation offers new opportunities for organizations to expand their existing service portfolio in order to achieve competitive advantages. A popular way to create new customer value is the offer of analytics-based services (ABS)—services that apply analytical methods to data to empower customers to make better decisions and to solve complex problems. However, research still lacks to provide a profound conceptualization of this novel service type. Similarly, actionable insights on how to purposefully establish ABS in the market to enrich the service portfolio remain scarce. We perform a cluster analysis of 105 ABS and triangulate it with a revelatory case study to identify four generic ABS archetypes and to unveil their specific service objectives and characteristics. We also isolate essential factors that shape decision-making regarding the choice of adequate archetypes and subsequent transitions between them. The detailed characterization of different ABS types contributes to a more profound theorizing process on ABS as well as provides a systematization for strategic opportunities to enrich service portfolios in practice.
“Right diet for the right person”: a focus group study of nutritionist-dietitians’ perspectives on nutritional genomics and gene-based nutrition advice
Authors: Nacis Jacus S. , Galang Marilou R. , Labrador Jason Paolo H. , Gonzales Milflor S. , Dablo Aurora Maria Francesca D. , Domalanta-Ronquillo Diana Glades A. , Alfonso Victor Franco J. , Glorioso Idelia G. , Rodriguez Marietta P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvances in nutritional genomics are intended to revolutionize nutrition practice. A basic understanding of nutritional genomics among nutritionist-dietitians is critical for such advancements to occur. As a precedent to the development and integration of gene-based nutrition advice, this study aimed to assess hospital-based nutritionist-dietitians’ perceptions of nutritional genomics. A total of ten focus group discussions (FGDs) with sixty-one registered nutritionist-dietitians (RNDs) from hospitals in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines, were conducted from October to November 2019. Data were collected using a pretested semistructured discussion guide, and thematic analysis was subsequently performed. Diverging perceptions about nutritional genomics were noted among the FGD participants. Five themes emerged relating to the enablers and barriers of gene-based nutrition advice: training and capacity building, the extent of information to be disclosed, cost, ethical considerations, and government support. Themes related to the desired features of the gene-based nutrition advice included being consent-driven, cost-effective, technology-oriented, and guided by standards. The results of this study suggest that training and continued learning will equip RNDs to provide nutrition advice based on genetic information. However, other factors, such as cost and ethical considerations, are critical dimensions that need to be acknowledged and addressed before integrating gene-based advice into nutrition practice.
Reaction products of Sm2Zr2O7 with calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) and their evolution
Authors: Wang Yinghua , Ma Zhuang , Liu Ling , Liu Yanbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring flight, many silicates (sand, dust, debris, fly ash, etc.) are ingested by an engine. They melt at high operating temperatures on the surface of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to form calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) amorphous settling. CMAS corrodes TBCs and causes many problems, such as composition segregation, degradation, cracking, and disbanding. As a new generation of TBC candidate materials, rare-earth zirconates (such as Sm2Zr2O7) have good CMAS resistance properties. The reaction products of Sm2Zr2O7 and CMAS and their subsequent changes were studied by the reaction of Sm2Zr2O7 and excess CMAS at 1350 °C. After 1 h of reaction, Sm2Zr2O7 powders were not completely corroded. The reaction products were Sm-apatite and c-ZrO2 solid solution. After 4 h of reaction, all Sm2Zr2O7 powders were completely corroded. After 24 h of reaction, Sm-apatite disappeared, and the c-ZrO2 solid solution remained.
Microstructural regulation, oxidation resistance, and mechanical properties of Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration with precursor infiltration pyrolysis
Authors: Lyu Yang , Du Baihe , Chen Guiqing , Zhao Guangdong , Cheng Yuan , Zhou Shanbao , Lv Qingrong , Zhang Xinghong , Han Wenbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo further improve the oxidation resistance of polymer derived ceramic (PDC) composites in harsh environments, Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and precursor impregnation pyrolysis (PIP) methods. The weight retention change, mechanical properties, and microstructure of Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC before and after oxidation in air were studied in details. Microscopic analyses showed that only the interface between the ceramics and fibers was oxidized to some extent, and hafnium had been enriched on the composite surface after oxidizing at different temperature. The main oxidation products of Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites were HfO2and HfSiO4after oxidation at 1500 °C for 60 min. Moreover, the weight retention ratio and compressive strength of the Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites are 83.97% and 23.88±3.11 MPa, respectively. It indicates that the Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites should be promising to be used for a short time in the oxidation environment at 1500 °C.
Low-power AES S-box design using dual-basis tower field extension method for cyber security applications
Authors: Nandan V. , Rao R. Gowri Shankar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn cryptography, one among several investigated areas is the implementation of AES S-boxes. In this paper, a substitution-box is designed which follows combined data path using dual-basis tower field extension with Golod–Shafarevich theorem fed in immune genetic algorithm for optimization purpose for each and every block. The role of enhanced immune genetic algorithm is as follows: at first, chaotic system generates S-boxes population, these S-boxes which perform excellently are then optimized by a sequence of operators such as extraction of anti-agent and immune selection. Few criteria of S-boxes such as differential uniformity, nonlinear degree, and strict avalanche effect are analyzed. The obtained results are analyzed with CMOS 35 nm and 15 nm technologies to measure the performance of the proposed designs and was observed that the proposed one outperforms in power and area. The optimized S-box can be effectively applied for securing information. The proposed Golod–Shafarevich feeder Immune Genetic Algorithm S-box (GSIGA-Sbox) is compared with two baseline methods such as Reversed Genetic Algorithm S-box (RGA-Sbox) and Discrete Space Chaotic S-box (DSC-Sbox). As a result the proposed GSIGA-Sbox achieves encryption speed of 61 MHZ, decryption speed of 55 MHZ with 24% of power consumption for 35 nm CMOS technology and 57 MHZ encryption speed, 51 MHZ decryption speed with 28% of power consumption for 15 nm CMOS technology.
The people's army “enemising” the people: The COVID-19 case of Israel
Authors: Levy Yagil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Israel Defense Forces (IDF) were deployed extensively relative to other democracies’ militaries to combat the coronavirus during 2020–1. Ostensibly, the military's engagements are instrumental in addressing the pandemic due to its resources and hierarchical discipline, and especially in light of its centrality in Israel. However, problems remain concerning this deployment, the most prominent and relevant to the case of Israel being the high legitimacy that the Israeli public afforded this policy, especially given the alternative options available to the government. Motivated by this conundrum, I present a circular argument: securitisation legitimised the deployment of the military and in turn, this deployment, constitutive of the discourse of securitisation, further legitimised securitisation. Consequently, Israel could legitimately adopt an enemy-oriented approach to deal with the crisis, an approach that ‘enemises’ the population.
The type semigroup, comparison, and almost finiteness for ample groupoids
Authors: ARA PERE , BÖNICKE CHRISTIAN , BOSA JOAN , LI KANG 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe prove that a minimal second countable ample groupoid has dynamical comparison if and only if its type semigroup is almost unperforated. Moreover, we investigate to what extent a not necessarily minimal almost finite groupoid has an almost unperforated type semigroup. Finally, we build a bridge between coarse geometry and topological dynamics by characterizing almost finiteness of the coarse groupoid in terms of a new coarsely invariant property for metric spaces, which might be of independent interest in coarse geometry. As a consequence, we are able to construct new examples of almost finite principal groupoids lacking other desirable properties, such as amenability or even a-T-menability. This behaviour is in stark contrast to the case of principal transformation groupoids associated to group actions.
Recent Attacks on Judicial Independence: The Vulgar, the Systemic, and the Insidious
Authors: Moliterno James E. , Čuroš Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article offers an opening to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) situation and attacks against the judiciary in this region since 2010. The focus is not primarily on historical path dependence like the rest of this issue. Instead, the focus aims at the nature of attacks on the judiciary. Such attacks have appeared in CEE and the US in recent years. Its interest lies in explaining similar patterns visible in the judiciaries of CEE. Particularly, it looks at the current conditions in the Czech judiciary, political interventions in Poland since 2015 and in Hungary since 2010, and undermining of trust towards judiciary in the U.S., where attempts for delegitimizing the judiciary have happened since 2016. The article draws on similarities of attacks of authoritarian governments and responses of judiciaries. The authors highlight similarities and diversities of CEE countries 30 years after the fall of the communist regime and a path of these resemblances and varieties.
Changes of the Political and Legal Systems: Judicial Autonomy
Authors: Fleck Zoltán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis Article summarizes the features of modern non-democratic legal systems and draws the relevant conclusions. Some of these systemic issues have long-term consequences. The Article illustrates the defining effects of the historical traditions with concrete examples based on empirical researches. Judicial independence as part of the rule of law is not only institutional guarantees but cultural, mental dispositions too. This Article shows how non-democratic legal heritage led to backsliding democracy in post-communist Hungary. However relative autonomy of judges could emerge during the last three decades of the communist rule, skills and habits of professional self-defense could not stabilize.
Law, Politics, and the Military: Towards a Theory of Authoritarian Adjudication
Authors: Cercel Cosmin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis Article explores both theoretically and historically the core features of authoritarian adjudication. It attempts to offer an ideal type of what could mean a full assertion of authoritarianism in the context of adjudication. It aims to do so by first highlighting the value of insights that critical legal history can bring to the current discussion of populism. Second, it explores the paradigm of the exception that it aims to revise and ground in a historical analysis of the interwar period. Third, it considers the intellectual and practical lines of continuity between current reactions to the pandemic and the historical role of the military in modernity by drawing on the example of Romania. In a final part, it provides a reflection on the confusion between law, politics, and military concerns as a specific feature of modern authoritarianism.
Changes in the epidemiology of ventilator-associated events over the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Weinberger Jeremy F. , Rhee Chanu , Klompas Michael ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: October 2021

AbstractManagement of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has evolved considerably during the pandemic. We investigated rates and causes of ventilator-associated events (VAEs) in COVID-19 patients in the late versus early waves in 4 Massachusetts hospitals. VAE rates per episode decreased, rates per ventilator day were stable, and most cases were caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
“Things I Can Remember about My Life”: Autobiography and Fatherhood in Victorian Britain
Authors: Griffin Emma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is now nearly forty years since John Burnett, David Vincent, and David Mayall compiled their invaluable and much-used three-volume finding aid,The Autobiography of the Working Class: An Annotated, Critical Bibliography(1984–1989), and established working-class autobiography as an important documentary source for exploring the lives of the working poor. Life writing now forms the basis of historical research into areas such as the emotions and domestic life that had hardly been imagined at the time that the annotated bibliography was produced. Yet as research into working-class autobiography has extended into new domains of enquiry, there has been less innovation in methodology. Historians typically use autobiographical material to pursue deep-reading strategies and unpack the meaning, experience, and identity of individual writers rather than generalize about working-class life more broadly. In this article I offer an alternative strategy: to take the autobiographical corpus and read it at scale in order to better understand fatherhood in Victorian Britain. Through a combination of intensive and extensive reading, I demonstrate that many working-class men failed to live up to expectations as breadwinners, and I explore the ramifications of that failure for the women and children with whom they lived.