bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Predicting Pressure Injury Incidence in Older Adults Following Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Simões João Lindo , Sa-Couto Pedro , Voegeli David 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To identify the factors associated with pressure injury (PI) development in older adult patients who underwent elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).

METHODS
A nonexperimental longitudinal prospective study was conducted with a sample of 40 patients undergoing elective THA. Patients were evaluated for PI at hospital admission, 24 hours postsurgery, at discharge, and 1 month after surgery.

RESULTS
The incidence of PIs (category 1 or category 2) in this study was 7.9% 24 hours after surgery and 24.3% at discharge. The most common PI location was the sacrum/coccyx or the ischial tuberosity. This study found significant relationships between PIs and female sex (odds ratio [OR], 8.75), body fat mass percentage (OR, 1.15), and the motor score from a Functional Independence Measure scale (OR, 0.89). Finally, the following variables were also associated with PIs (P < .1): skeletal muscle mass (OR, 0.82), lower limb with osteoarthritis weight (OR, 0.61), lower limb without osteoarthritis weight (OR, 0.62), and geriatric depression scale (OR, 1.12).

CONCLUSIONS
This work identifies those patients at higher risk of PI, enabling targeted prevention and treatment in the population of patients undergoing elective THA. The findings of this study are in line with extant literature and suggest that women with a higher percentage of body fat and less mobility had a higher risk of PI.
National Action Towards a World Free of Cervical Cancer for All Women
Authors: Torode Julie , Kithaka Benda , Chowdhury Raveena , Simelela Nothemba , Cruz Jennifer L. , Tsu Vivien D. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Prev Med 2021;144:106313)
Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that continues to have an annual incidence of nearly 600,000 cases with disproportionate disease burden and death occurring in marginalized populations and low- and middle-income countries. Evidence suggests that elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem is more feasible than it has ever been, and that the incidence can be brought below 4 per 100,000 women globally within a century.
Association of Eviction With Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Women in Georgia, 2000 to 2016
Authors: Himmelstein Gracie , Desmond Matthew 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2021;175(5):494–500)
Median US rent has more than doubled in the past 2 decades, which has led to an increase in eviction rates. Eviction has been associated with numerous adverse health outcomes.
Cervical Cerclage in Twin Pregnancies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yijun , Chen Meng , Cao Tiantian , Zeng Shuai , Chen Ruixin , Liu Xinghui 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021;260:137–149)
Preventing preterm birth (PTB) in twins is important because the risk is significantly higher compared with singleton pregnancies. The effectiveness of cervical cerclage as an option to prevent PTB in twin pregnancies is unclear.
Beyond Diagnostic Yield: Prenatal Exome Sequencing Results in Maternal, Neonatal, and Familial Clinical Management Changes
Authors: Tolusso Leandra K. , Hazelton Paige , Wong Beatrix , Swarr Daniel T. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2021;23:909–917)
At present, it is recommended that chromosomal microarray (CMA) be offered in cases of fetal congenital anomalies. However, 60% to 70% of these cases do not receive a genetic diagnosis following microarray, and exome sequencing is being used more frequently in these cases with a reported diagnostic yield of approximately 10% to 30%.
Genetic Insights Into Biological Mechanisms Governing Human Ovarian Ageing
Authors: Ruth Katherine S. , Day Felix R. , Hussain Jazib 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Nature 2021;596:393–397)
The age of reproductive senescence (age of natural menopause [ANM]) in developed countries is approximately 50–52 years; however, natural fertility ceases approximately 10 years before menopause. Societal trends have shifted with women choosing to delay childbearing to older ages, increasing the need for assisted conception technology.
Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effects of Increased Energy Intake on Menstrual Recovery in Exercising Women With Menstrual Disturbances: the ‘REFUEL’ Study
Authors: De Souza Mary Jane , Mallinson Rebecca J. , Strock Nicole C. A. , Koltun Kristen J. , Olmsted Marion P. , Ricker Emily A. , Scheid Jennifer L. , Allaway Heather C. , Mallinson Daniel J. , Don Prabhani Kuruppumullage , Williams Nancy I. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2021;36:2285–2297)
The Female Athlete Triad is the condition characterized by the interrelationships among energy deficiency, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density in exercising women. Increasing energy (ie, food) intake has shown some efficacy in case studies, retrospective cohort studies, and uncontrolled interventions in reversing oligomenorrhea.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Trends in Endometriosis Diagnosis: A United States Population-Based Study From 2006 to 2015
Authors: Christ Jacob P. , Yu Onchee , Schulze-Rath Renate , Grafton Jane , Hansen Kelly , Reed Susan D. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.067).
Endometriosis, defined as the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue, often has serious symptoms that significantly impact the lives of those affected and is associated with annual health care costs of approximately $16,500. Despite the significant societal and individual burden of endometriosis, prevalence and incidence data in the United States are lacking with prevalence rates ranging from 0.8% to 11% and incidence ranging from 4.2 to 35 per 10,000 women-years.
Advancing Equity in Academic Medicine Through Holistic Review for Faculty Recruitment and Retention
Authors: Harris Toi Blakley , Jacobs Negar N. , Fuqua Chantel F. , Lyness Jeffrey M. , Smith Patrick O. , Poll-Hunter Norma I. , Piggott Cleveland , Monroe Alicia D. 
Published: December 2021

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) in 2007 developed the Holistic Review Framework for medical school admissions to increase mission-aligned student diversity. This approach balances an applicant’s experiences, attributes, and metrics during the screening, interview, and selection processes. Faculty recruitment provides its own set of challenges, and there is persistent underrepresentation of certain racial and ethnic minority groups and women in faculty and leadership positions in U.S. academic health centers (AHCs). In 2019, the AAMC initiated a pilot program to adapt and implement the framework for use in faculty recruitment at AHCs. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe the pilot implementation of the Holistic Review Framework for Faculty Recruitment and Retention and share lessons learned to date.
Although the pilot proceeded during 2020, institutional implementation was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and racial justice movement. Pilot institutions encountered hiring freezes, reductions in funding, and restrictions on in-person meetings due to COVID-19 that resulted in both barriers and opportunities in implementing the framework. Renewed commitment to racial justice was associated with increased momentum and urgency for the implementation of faculty holistic review at the majority of pilot institutions. Common themes from the pilot leads’ experiences included the importance of achieving “buy in,” having a dedicated implementation team, and being explicit about core values. Other themes included the importance of adaptability and flexibility to meet the needs of different institutions and mission areas. The faculty holistic review framework has shown promise as an approach to advancing faculty diversity goals. The pilot institutions will continue to share best practices, track outcomes, implement quality improvement, and disseminate findings to assist other institutions and health care communities with their endeavors to recruit and retain diverse faculty.
Pan-immune-inflammation Value and Prognosis in Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Baba Yoshifumi , Nakagawa Shigeki , Toihata Tasuku , Harada Kazuto , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: December 2021

Mini-abstract:
The pan-immune-inflammation value was associated with clinical outcomes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 866 esophageal cancers. Systemic immune competence may influence patient prognosis through local immune response.

Objective:
To examine the relationship between the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), tumor immunity, and clinical outcomes in 866 patients with esophageal cancer.

Background:
The PIV, calculated from all immune-inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood count, is a recently proposed marker for clinical outcomes in some types of cancers. Nonetheless, the prognostic significance of PIV in esophageal cancer remains unclear.

Methods:
In the derivation cohort (n = 433), we set the optimal cutoff value using a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In the validation cohort (n = 433), the relationships between the PIV, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD8 expression by immunohistochemical staining, and patient prognosis were examined.

Results:
The area under the ROC curve for the PIV at 5 years was 0.631 in the derivation cohort. The validation cohort, divided into PIV-low cases (n = 223) and PIV-high cases (n = 210), showed significantly worse overall survival (log-rank P = 0.0065; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.98; P < 0.001; multivariate HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05–1.90; P = 0.023). The prognostic effect of the PIV was not significantly modified by any clinical characteristics (P for interaction > 0.05). The PIV-high cases were significantly associated with a low TIL status (P < 0.001) and low CD8-positive cell counts (P = 0.011).

Conclusions:
The PIV was associated with clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer, supporting its role as a prognostic biomarker. Considering the relationship between the PIV and TILs, systemic immune competence may influence patient prognosis through a local immune response.
Tenofovir vs. entecavir on recurrence of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria after hepatectomy
Authors: Shen Junyi , Qi Weili , Dai Junlong , Leng Shusheng , Jiang Kangyi , Zhang Yu , Ran Shun , Li Chuan , Wen Tianfu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria is shown to be beneficial. However, a high rate of post-operative HCC recurrence hinders the long-term survival of the patients. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impacts of tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) on the recurrence of hepatitis B viral (HBV)-related HCC beyond the Milan criteria.

Methods:
Data pertaining to 1532 patients who underwent hepatectomy and received antiviral therapy between January 2014 and January 2019 were collected from five centers. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine prognostic factors for HCC recurrence.

Results:
The analysis incorporates 595 HBV-related HCC patients. The overall 5-year RFS was 21.3%. Among them, 533 and 62 patients received ETV and TDF treatment, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates were 46.3%, 27.4%, and 19.6%, respectively, in the ETV group compared with 65.1%, 41.8%, and 37.2%, respectively, in the TDF group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that TDF treatment (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.604, P = 0.005), cirrhosis (HR: 1.557, P = 0.004), tumor size (HR: 1.037, P = 0.008), microvascular invasion (MVI) (HR: 1.403, P = 0.002), portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) (HR: 1.358, P = 0.012), capsular invasion (HR: 1.228, P = 0.040), and creatinine levels (CREA) (HR: 0.993, P = 0.031) were statistically significant prognostic factors associated with RFS.

Conclusions:
Patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria exhibited a high rate of HCC recurrence after hepatectomy. Compared to the ETV therapy, TDF administration significantly lowered the risk of HCC recurrence.
Assessing the Prevalence of Microaggressions in Plastic Surgery Training: A National Survey
Authors: Goulart Micheline F. , Huayllani Maria T. , Balch Samora Julie , Moore Amy M. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
There has been increased awareness of microaggressions occurring during medical training. However, the prevalence and characteristics of microaggressions specifically in plastic surgery residency remain unknown. We aimed to fill this literature gap by conducting a nationwide survey to better understand and characterize microaggressions in plastic surgery training.

Methods:
A survey was distributed between March and May 2021 via the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Representatives to 1014 integrated and 214 independent track plastic surgery trainees in the United States. Multiple Pearson’s chi-square of independence and Fisher exact tests evaluated comparisons of microaggressions by sex, race, Hispanic origin, sexual orientation, and year in training. A multivariate regression analysis assessed associations between variables.

Results:
One hundred twenty-five participants responded to the survey (response rate: 10.2%). Of those who responded, 68.8% had experienced microaggressions in the past year. Female trainees experienced microaggressions more frequently than male trainees (P < 0.05). Asian trainees had higher odds to be a target of microaggressions compared with White trainees (P = 0.013). Nonheterosexual trainees were more likely to have experienced microaggressions compared with heterosexual trainees (P < 0.05). Independent trainees were more likely to experience microaggressions than PGY 1–2 and 3–4 integrated residents (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Approximately seven in every 10 trainees stated that they experienced microaggressions in the past year. Females, racial minorities, sexual minorities, and independent trainees had higher odds of reporting that they experienced microaggressions. Further studies are needed to assess the implementation of strategies that address this problem to resolve inequities.
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS/PUNCTATE INNER CHOROIDOPATHY IN PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA EYES WITH PATCHY ATROPHY
Authors: Hady Shymaa K. , Xie Shiqi , Freund K. Bailey , Cunningham Emmett T. , Wong Chee Wai , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Kamoi Koju , IGARASHI-YOKOI Tae , Ali Omar M. , Wasfi Ehab I. , Rateb Mahmoud F. , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence and characteristics of multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy (MFC/PIC) in eyes with patchy atrophy because of pathologic myopia.

Methods:
Five hundred eyes of 253 patients with patchy atrophy were examined between 2014 and 2020 at the Advanced Clinical Center for Myopia. The main outcome measures included the prevalence and characteristics of active MFC/PIC lesions diagnosed by optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Fifty-five of the 500 eyes (11%) diagnosed with patchy atrophy had optical coherence tomography features of active MFC/PIC lesions, such as focal elevations of the retinal pigment epithelium filled with medium hyperreflectivity material, curvilinear scars (Schlaegel lines), and/or areas of outer retinal atrophy. At the time when the MFC/PIC was diagnosed, the mean age was 57.3 ± 12.0 years, and the mean axial length was 29.2 ± 1.8 mm. Macular neovascularization was found in 45 of eyes (81.8%) with MFC/PIC versus 151 eyes without such findings (33.9%; P < 0.001). In 25 of the 55 eyes (45.5%), active MFC/PIC lesions were found before the development of the patchy atrophy. The Bruch membrane defects were colocated with these lesions.

Conclusion:
Active MFC/PIC lesions were identified in a minority of eyes with pathologic myopia, and a subset of these lesions were observed to progress to findings indistinguishable from myopic patchy atrophy. Evidence of MFC/PIC in eyes with pathologic myopia appeared to be a risk factor for the development of macular neovascularization.
The Utility of Nursing Notes Among Medicare Patients With Heart Failure to Predict 30-Day Rehospitalization
Authors: Kang Youjeong , Topaz Maxim , Dunbar Sandra B. , Stehlik Josef , Hurdle John 
Published: December 2021

Background
For patients with heart failure (HF), there have been efforts to reduce the risk of 30-day rehospitalization, such as developing predictive models using electronic health records. Few previous studies used clinical notes to predict 30-day rehospitalization.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of nursing notes versus discharge summaries to predict 30-day rehospitalization among patients with HF.

Methods
In this pilot study, we used free-text discharge summaries and nursing notes collected from a tertiary hospital. We randomly selected 500 Medicare patients with HF. We followed the natural language processing and machine learning pipeline for data analysis.

Results
Thirty-day rehospitalization risk prediction using discharge summaries (n = 500) produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74 (Bag of Words + Neural Network). Thirty-day rehospitalization risk prediction using nursing notes (n = 2046) resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 (Bag of Words + Neural Network).

Conclusion
Nursing notes provide a superior input to risk models for 30-day rehospitalization in Medicare patients with HF compared with discharge summaries.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Healthcare Workers
Authors: Galanis Petros , Moisoglou Ioannis , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Kaitelidou Daphne 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
We assessed the uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in a sample of healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods:
An on-line cross-sectional study with 885 HCWs was conducted in Greece during August 2021. We measured socio-demographic data of HCWs and attitudes towards vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic. A convenience sample was used since the questionnaire was distributed through social media and emails.

Results:
The majority of HCWs were vaccinated against the COVID-19 (91.5%). Females and HCWs with a history of seasonal influenza vaccination had a greater probability to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Also, increased self-perceived knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and increased trust in COVID-19 vaccines were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Conclusions:
Policymakers and scientists should develop novel strategies to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake among HCWs.
Pediatric screen time
Authors: McGough Kaitlyn 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ease of access to technology by the pediatric individual has brought with it new challenges for parents and guardians as they grapple to understand and formulate healthy boundaries between their child and the media. This transition into a media-forward generation has triggered a new wave of research discussing the relationship between early media exposure and the developing pediatric mind; media and the parent–child relationship; and recommendations for healthy boundaries from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as well as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and American Psychological Association (APA).

Objectives:
This systematic review was written for the purposes of equipping physicians and nurse practitioners to be the bridge between research and their patients. Parents and guardians often do not have access to the same evidence-based resources as health care providers, and to be able to implement the latest recommendations in their home, they must first be introduced to them.

Data sources:
The search engines used were PubMed and CINAHL.

Conclusions:
Review of literature reveals the effect of socioeconomic status, parental education, and ethnicity on pediatric screen time habits. There are also clear positive and negative effects on the developing pediatric mind and undeniable influences on the parent–child relationship. To enhance patient outcomes, the AAP, the AACAP, and the APA have presented recommendations for healthy media use.

Implications for practice:
Early introduction of healthy media boundaries to the pediatric client will ultimately allow for the development of a physically, mentally, and socially healthier, more media-aware generation.
Temporal Stability of Dissociative Symptoms in the General Population
Authors: Maraldi Everton de Oliveira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The most widely used measure to quantify dissociative symptoms is the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). However, little information is available concerning its temporal stability. The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of DES scores after 4 years. A total of 316 respondents recruited from a general population in Brazil took part in baseline and follow-up (70.57% were men; mean age = 32.97, SD = 10.95, minimum = 22, maximum = 74). Temporal stability was assessed through test-retest correlations and mean-level stability analyses. We found that the DES total and subscale scores revealed moderate test-retest correlations, with small variations among the DES factors. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between average scores for times 1 and 2. Overall, DES scores are significantly stable over time. Future studies would benefit from an investigation of the correlates and predictors of dissociation at different time points.
Psychotic Experiences and Sleep Quality in the Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Lenzo Vittorio , Franceschini Christian , Manari Tommaso , Corsano Paola , Quattropani Maria C. , Musetti Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated the integrated role of emotional neglect, bodily threat, and defense mechanisms in understanding sleep quality and psychosis experiences in a sample of emerging adults. A sample of 898 emerging adults (295 males) with an age range between 19 and 30 years participated in this study. The emotional neglect and bodily threat factors of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist, the Defense Style Questionnaire–40, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the psychosis factor of the Inventory of Personality Organization were administered. Results of path analyses showed that the emotional neglect and bodily threat factors predicted lower sleep quality. A path from emotional neglect and bodily threat to sleep quality via defense styles was also found. The defense styles mediated the relationships between emotional neglect and bodily threat factor with psychosis experiences. These findings provide new insight into the psychological mechanisms underlying the onset of poor sleep quality and psychotic experiences during emerging adulthood.