bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in seagrass carbon stock: implications of decreasing area and percentage cover of seagrass beds in Barranglompo Island, Spermonde archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mashoreng S , Nafie Y A La , Selamat B , Isyrini R , Amri K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Seagrass ecosystems in shallow waters, including in highly dense small islands, are vulnerable to anthropogenic activities and may lead to a decreasing in seagrass area and percentage cover. As a result, it will negatively affect climate change mitigation, i.e. a decrease in seagrass carbon stock. This research was conducted to evaluate seagrass carbon stock changes in Barranglompo Island, Spermonde archipelago, in 2001 and 2017. Carbon stock estimation was carried out by collecting seagrass biomass based on the category of a sparse, medium, and dense seagrass coverage (each with 20 replications) and analysing their carbon concentrations. Changes in carbon sequestration were analysed using an estimated approach to the changes in the seagrass bed areas. Landsat and Worldview-2 image analysis were utilized to estimate the area of seagrass beds in 2001 and 2017, respectively. Results showed a decrease in seagrass beds by 9.9 ha, from 66.8 ha in 2001 to 56.9 ha in 2017, or an average of 0.62 ha per year. Based on that, it was estimated that seagrass carbon stocks had declined from 74.19 tons in 2001 to 65.21 tons in 2017 or decreased by an average of 0.75% per year. Anthropogenic activities, such as boat anchors as well as household waste disposal in the seagrass area, are considered having the potential in causing a decrease in seagrass area and the percentage coverage.
The development of Indonesian seaweed based on innovation cluster model
Authors: Sumule Ophirtus , Angkasa Wisman I , Retno Herni Widya , Andiewati Suci 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2018, Indonesian production of the seaweeds Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp. reached 11.08 million tons and 1.55 million tons, respectively. However, the economic value obtained is low, as 85% of the production is still exported as a raw material. The remainder is exported as semi-refined materials, i.e. ATC chips and semi refined carrageenan (SRC), with very little refined carrageenan. There are no companies processing seaweed into end products where seaweed is the main raw material, such as in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The supply chain from upstream (aquaculture) to intermediate (intermediate products) and downstream industries is not efficient in Indonesia, because almost all intermediate and downstream industries are concentrated in big cities like Jakarta and Surabaya while the bulk of the upstream industry is spread across large expanses of eastern Indonesia. As a result, the bargaining position for upstream products produced by farmers is weak. All of these problems are expected to be minimized by referring to a holistic work plan through Seaweed Innovation Clusters, enhancing communication and collaborative collaboration of Quadruple-Helix ABGC (Academic, Business, Government and Community) and other supporting elements as the main pillar of the innovation cluster. With this synergy, added value, and business continuity, the role of seaweed in raising regional competitiveness can be improved.
High salinity effect on mortality of sandfish Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833)
Authors: Tuwo A , Yasir I , Bestari A D , Yanti A , Aprianto R , Tresnati J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a sea cucumber with a very high economic value. Sandfish cultivated in brackish water ponds will face a high salinity problem in the dry season. This study aimed to analyse the effect of high salinity on sandfish mortality. The study was done in a controlled tank in which the sea water was allowed to evaporate naturally, without the addition fresh water, so that the salinity increased continually. High salinity can cause injury and death to sandfish; before death, there was an evisceration. The death salinity of sandfish was 47 ppt. Sandfish have a greater range of tolerance to salinity than other sea cucumber species.
Survival rate of brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus cultured with seaweed Gracilaria changii in multitrophic microcosm models
Authors: Yasir I , Tresnati J , Aprianto R , Tuwo A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroupers (Epinephelus) are economically important fish.Gracilaria changiiis a red alga with a high economic value that is widely cultivated in brackish water ponds. In this study,Epinephelus fuscoguttatusandG. changiiwere polycultured in a multitrophic microcosm model. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of these two species being cultured multitrophically. In this study we analysed the survival rate of groupers under two seaweed cultivation models (a bottom method and floating method). A control microcosm had no seaweed (grouper monoculture). Fish weight used in the treatment was 135.94 to 359.36 g. The study lasts 47 days at the controlled indoor tanks. The survival rate is lower than the results in previous studies. The condition of water quality parameters was quite good during the treatment, except for ammonia and phosphate. The high ammonia and phosphate content is thought to be the cause of the low survival rate. The survival rate ranges from 47-87%.
Amino acid, nutrient digestibility and FCR of juvenile vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) at various dosage tofu waste using mixed organism in feed
Authors: Surianti  , Aslamyah Siti , Tandipayuk Haryati 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tofu dregs are industrial waste that can be used as a source of carbohydrates. However, its use in feed formulations is limited because it contains high crude fiber and low quality. The fermentation process uses a mix of microorganisms. proven to improve the nutritional quality of tofu pulp. This study ams to determine the dosage of fermented tofu pulp in feed against feed amino acids, nutrient digestibility and juvenile food conversion ratio (FCR) of vaname shrimp. The study was designed in a completely randomized design with treatment of 4 doses of fermented tofu pulp in the feed, namely 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The feed was given as much as 10% of total body weight/day to juvenile vaname shrimp measuring 0.5 g per individual kept in a glass aquarium with 20ppt media passage for 60 days. Amino acid measurement results are within the range sufficient for the needs of vaname shrimp. Analysis of variance showed that treatment had a significant effect on total digestibility, protein, crude fiber, carbohydrates and fat, but not on FCR. The highest yield was shown at a dose of 15% protein digestibility (85.62±1.576), crude fiber (87.30±1.117), carbohydrates (90.67±1.231) and a dose of 20% fat digestibility (98.75 ± 0.070) and total digestibility ( 79.70±0.222), the FCR ranges (3.237±.0.35) to (4.141±.0.64). The dosage of fermented tofu dregs with mixed microorganisms can be used 15% in the feed formulation.
Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Eucheuma spinosum extracted using a microwave
Authors: Rismayanti Ni Luh Putu Mita , Husni Amir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Eucheuma spinosum is a widely cultivated red seaweed. The phenolic compounds contained in E. spinosum, especially flavonoids, can be used as a source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of E. spinosum extracted using a microwave with different extraction times (6, 8 and 10 minutes). The parameters measured included yield, phytochemical test, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activityt, namely 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrihydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results showed that the E. spinosum extract with an extraction time of 10 minutes had the highest yield with a total phenolic content of 59.42 ± 27.36 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 65.48 ± 25.34 mg QE/g. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the extract contain triterpenoid compounds. The antioxidant activity of the E. spinosum extract showed the highest IC50 value of 46.52 ± 5.53 ppm using the DPPH method and the FRAP method was 58.92 ± 1.76 μM/g.
Effect of salinity on the growth of seaweed Gracilaria changii (Xia and Abbott, 1987)
Authors: Tresnati J , Yasir I , Bestari A D , Yanti A , Aprianto R , Tuwo A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Gracilaria changii is a seaweed species that is widely cultivated in brackish water ponds. G. changii cultivated in brackish waters will face high salinity problems in the dry season. This study aimed to analyse the effect of salinity on the growth of G. changii. The study was conducted in a controlled tank which was allowed to evaporate naturally, and without the addition of fresh water so that salinity can increase progressively. This study indicates that high salinity significantly affects the growth of G. changii. G. changii is a true euryhaline, can live at a salinity of 7 to 115 ppt. At salinity levels above 100 ppt, G. changii growth was negative and thallus has discoloration, but still survive. The different salinity at the beginning of cultivation produces a different maximum weight; this shows that G. changii can form an ecotype based on a salinity gradient.
Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) assessment for grouper and snapper fisheries in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Nadiarti N , Moore Abigail , Abu Nur , Rahim Sri Wahyuni , Chasanah Miftahul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Groupers and snappers are two demersal fish groups that are currently experiencing heavy fishing pressure both for the live reef fish trade and as fresh or processed fisheries commodities across the Coral Triangle. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of grouper and snapper fisheries in the Bontang region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) indicators. The assessment followed the Indonesian EAFM Assessment Guidelines methodology, with 6 Domains (Fisheries Resources, Habitat and Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, Social, Economy, and Governance) and 32 indicators. Data were collected through a desk study and site visits including key informant interviews, direct observation and secondary data collection. With the exception of the Social Domain, at least one indicator in each Domain was in the Very Poor category, and three indicators were in the Poor category. Management policies and actions are needed to maintain the overall Good status and address the issues threatening sustainability.
Population dynamics of mantis shrimp (Miyakea Nepa Fabricius, 1781) in Siwa, Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kaisar  , Nadiarti Nadiarti , Umar Moh. Tauhid , Nafie Yayu Anugrah La , Priosambodo Dody , Irmawati  , Tresnati Joeharnani , Suwarni  
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Miyakea nepa is a mantis shrimp commonly found in the coastal waters of Bone Bay, Indonesia. This study aimed to determine mantis shrimp population dynamics including age groups, growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and relative yield per recruit. The study was conducted in the waters around Siwa in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi from June to July 2019. The age groups, natural mortality, total mortality, fishing mortality, exploitation level, and yield per recruit were calculated and analyzed using equations and methods contained in the FAO-ICLARM Fish stock Assessment Tools II (Fisat II) program. The results imply rapid growth in the mantis shrimp Miyakea nepa (Latreille,1828) and indicate that the population studied has been over-exploited.
Dynamics of Thermal Fronts Distribution in the Flores Sea, Indonesia: An implication for locating potential skipjack tuna fishing ground
Authors: Zainuddin Mukti , Farhum St. Aisjah , Safruddin Safruddin , Hidayat Rachmat , Putri Andi Rani Sahni , Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Flores Sea is one of the most productive fishing grounds within the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area 713 which has the unique physical structures such as topographic feature, the seasonal wind driven upwelling, and also the dynamics of frontal patterns. The purposes of this study were to map the dynamic spatial of the thermal fronts in the east and the second transition seasons, and to describe their implications to the skipjack fishery. We applied the satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of June-October 2018 with spatial and temporal resolutions of 0.04 degree latitude and longitude and monthly, respectively. For fishery data, we used sampling data of skipjack tuna fishing ground distributions during this period. The thermal fronts were estimated using a Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) algorithm and the available fishing ground data were superimposed on the SST frontal maps. The results showed that the spatial distribution patterns of thermal fronts along Flores Sea tended to be different every month. However, the thermal fronts were consistently detected throughout the study period. Skipjack tuna fishing grounds started to develop in the eastern area of Selayar Island in June (before upwelling event) and reached a peak in October (after upwelling). During these months, the skipjack fishing grounds well formed around the thermal fronts with the distance of 0-40 km. It implies that the formation of the thermal fronts especially after upwelling gives a significant contribution on the development of skipjack fishery in the Flores Sea.
The performance of traditional fishing technologies of narrow barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in Bone Bay waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mallawa Achmar , Amir Faisal , Palo Mahfud 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Narrow barred Spanish mackerel is a high-value pelagic fish and is mostly caught in Bone Bay waters. These fish can be caught using purse seines, drift gill nets, lift net and hand lines, but the most catches are in drift gill nets and hand lines. This study aims to compare the performance of drift gill nets and hand line technologies. Biological, technical, social, economic and legal data were collected from 2018 to 2020 through direct field observations and interviews. Performance according to the four aspects and the combination of all aspects of the two fishing gear were analyzed using the Mangkusubroto Scoring method. Based on the biological and technical aspects the performance of the hand line was better than the drift gill nets, while on the contrary, based on the economic and social aspects, the performance of gill nets was better than the hand lines. Based on legal and institutional aspects, the two technologies do not show any differences. Although there are differences in the performance of the biological, technical, social and economic aspects, the performance of the two technologies is classified as good.
Socio-economic impacts on lobster fishery actors after the implementation of Regulation No 12/PERMEN-KP/2020
Authors: Hilyana Sitti , Nurliah  , Amir Sadikin , Waspodo Saptono 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The promulgation of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 12/PERMEN-KP/2020 on Management of Lobster (Panulirus spp.), Mud Crab (Scylla spp.), and Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus spp.) in the Territorial waters of the Republic of Indonesia has implications for the management of lobster fisheries within the Indonesia’s Territorial Waters and Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs). This research aims to outline the current condition of lobster fisheries with the enactment of the ministerial regulation’s KP number 12/2020 on lobster fishery and to analyse the policy gaps regarding the implementation of lobster fisheries regulations. Data were collected within FMA 573 through a structured interview technique using a clustered questionnaire system and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key informants. The impacts of the regulation were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively using a descriptive approach. The results indicate that the implementation of regulation No. 12/PERMEN-KP/2020 has not resulted in significant increases in income for lobster fishers and traders, in fact rather the reverse. The legalization of juvenile lobster capture has increased the supply, leading to a decrease in juvenile lobster prices. The price per lobster has fallen from IDR 6,000-10,000 to IDR 3,500-4,000, IDR17,500 to IDR 10,000-11,000 andIDR 27,500-30,000 to IDR 16,000-17,000 for fishermen, middlemen and exporters, respectively. The positive impacts on lobster fishers were an increased sense of security since it is no longer illegal to catch and trade juvenile lobsters.
Microplastic abundance in sea urchins (Diadema setosum) from seagrass beds of Barranglompo Island, Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Sawalman R , Werorilangi S , Ukkas M , Mashoreng S , Yasir I , Tahir A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High levels of anthropogenic activities on Barranglompo Island in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia increase the amount of plastic waste in the surrounding waters, especially in seagrass beds. Plastic waste becomes fragmented into small particles called microplastics (MPs). Sea urchins (Echinoidea), as organisms associated with seagrass beds, can accumulate microplastics through their feeding habits. This study aimed to determine the abundance and characteristics of microplastics accumulated in sea urchins (Diadema setosum), seagrass leaves, and sediment. Samples (urchins, seagrass leaves, and sediment) were collected from a multi-species (Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii) seagrass bed where D. setosum was present. The internal organs of the sea urchins were extracted using a KOH 10% solution to degrade organic materials. The seagrass leaves were rinsed using distilled water and stirred using a shaker rotator. MPs in sediment were separated using ZnBr2. MPs in all samples were identified visually under a stereomicroscope. The results show that all (100%) sea urchins samples (n=10), seagrass leaves (n=24), and sediment samples (n=8) were contaminated by MPs. The average MP abundance was 23.70±2.99 items/individual in D. setosum; 0.10±0.02 items/cm2 and 0.24±0.05 items/cm2 respectively on E. acoroides and T. hemprichii leaves; and 195±66.98 items/kg of dry weight in the sediment. The MPs found shared similar characteristics such as colour (predominantly blue) and shape (dominated by line).
Historical data on shallow-water invertebrates in Palu Bay, Indonesia to address the “Shifting Baselines” syndrome
Authors: Ndobe S , Gani A , Salanggon A M , Wahyudi D , Rosyida E , Moore A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As global change accelerates in the Anthropocene, the “shifting baselines” paradigm is also exacerbated. In this context, it is important to make historical data available in order to assist in evaluating and mitigating the changes occurring. Even though data from the first two decades of the 21st Century do not represent a pristine or true baseline condition, it is important to collate and curate data from this period. Unfortunately, many data are unpublished or stored in temporary repositories for a short time horizon (e.g. 3-10 years) or in printed format only, greatly limiting detection and access. We present data from four studies on shallow water invertebrates in Palu Bay collected over the period from 2008 to 2010. The taxonomic groups covered are Molluscs (Gastropods), Echinoderms and Cnidaria (corals), with some data on other taxa. These data will be of especial interest as a reference in evaluating the condition and recovery of the coastal ecosystems of Palu Bay after the 2018 tsunami.
Community perceptions on and participation in mangrove protection efforts for climate change in Pannikiang Island, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nining Nur , Malik Abdul , Arfan Amal , Maru Rosmini 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Knowledge, understanding, and participation of the community regarding mangrove protection are important components in supporting climate change mitigation. This study aimed to determine the levels of community perception of and participation in mangrove protection for climate change mitigation in Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fourteen of household heads were selected using a saturation sampling method and interviewed based on a questionnaire. A Likert scale and correlation analyses were implemented to determine the level of perception and participation of the community (low, medium, and high) as well as influencing factors. The results showed that the level of all community respondent perceptions (100%) was in the medium category (average score of 16.28), while for a majority (64.29%) their participation rate was in the high category (average score of 21.50). Length of stay was the main factor influencing respondent perception followed by income, while government roles in mangrove protection were the primary factor affecting respondent participation. Improving the knowledge and understanding of the community can be a viable option in mangrove protection efforts related to climate change.
Carrying capacity analysis in Bunaken National Park to support marine tourism activity (dive and snorkelling tourism)
Authors: Farhum Mini Farida , Jompa Jamaluddin , Restu Muhammad , Salman Darmawan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The carrying capacity of an area for tourism is the number of tourists that can be physically present/undertaking certain activities in the area at a given time without significant disturbance to nature and other humans. This study estimated the potential environmental carrying capacity of Bunaken National Park for marine tourism, specifically for snorkelling and diving activities. This research was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in Bunaken National Park. The results showed a concentration of diving and snorkelling in the National Park around Bunaken Island (50% of all tourists) with other islands receiving 10% to 25% of tourist volume. This level could have a negative impact on the sustainability of the coral reef ecosystems around Bunaken Island; therefore, diving and snorkelling activities around this island need to be managed appropriately.
Reduction in hydraulic conductivity and organic contaminants through biofilm formation on porous media
Authors: Kanmani S , Meenakshi B S , Ponnalagu S K , Sakthivel K , Vasanth S , Rajendran A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The creation of municipal solid waste produces serious ecological and community health problem throughout the world, particularly in emerging countries. Undeveloped scrapyards are the eldest and most communal method of solid waste disposal. If this is not properly managed, the migration of leachate from dump yards or landfills and the discharge of pollutants creates subsurface water pollution. Among different pollution measures, biofilm accumulation is the major choice. These studies indicate that biological barriers may be a promising technology to suppress pollutant plumes in the field. The present research focused on, the theory of biofilm aggregation in sand columns has been further to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of synthetic leachate and changes in organic pollutant concentration. Two different column research combinations were completed by using synthetic leachate as substrate solution. One column is used as a blank, and the other column is corrected with a mixed microbial culture separated from the leachate. The layered experimental mode using two different sizes of sand (0.3 mm and 0.6 mm) is used for column packing. The tower continuously supplies synthetic leachate for 50 days. Compared with the layered sand column, the hydraulic conductivity of the layered sand microbial column has the largest decrease, which is 88.42%. The analysis of organic pollutants in wastewater leachate also clearly shows that, compared with natural and synthetic liners used to control the migration of leachate in the underground environment, layered sand modified with microorganisms has appropriate remedial measures.