bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native for whom: A mixed‐methods literature review and synthesis to conceptualise biotic nativeness for social research in the urban context
Authors: Kaplan Haylee , Prahalad Vishnu , Kendal Dave 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The idea of which species are native, based on their biogeographic origin, is central to many policies and programmes. Yet definitions are contested and the meanings of ‘nativeness’ are often complex and confusing for many people. For example, a plant that would be considered 'native' in Australia might have a native bioregion that is thousands of kilometres from a given garden planting. The idea of nativeness is culturally constructed and connotes different meanings in different contexts. As conservation research and practice increasingly incorporate human values and behaviours, operationalising the social dimensions of abstract ecological concepts such as nativeness is needed to generate a more holistic evidence base and improve the management of native and non‐native species.

We used a sequential mixed‐methods systematic review approach to review and synthesise literature on people's (including general publics, gardeners, conservationists) perceptions of nativeness of species and landscapes. A meta‐synthesis of qualitative research identified six dimensions that underlie people's perceptions in relation to nativeness: Belonging (a sense that there is a right or wrong place for a species to exist); human influence (the role of humans in moving species outside of their historic ranges); functional compatibility (a species' alignment with the local environment and ecology); amenity (desirable and useful features provided by a species); negative impacts (risk and manageability of detrimental impacts caused by a species); and identity (species forming part of one's place‐based identity).

A systematic review of the quantitative urban literature found that most research on perceptions of native and non‐native species and landscapes did not operationalise nativeness in a multidimensional way, focusing predominantly on the ‘Negative impacts’ dimension. This may often be inadequate for meaningfully capturing people's views.

Our results also highlight the need to strengthen interdisciplinarity between natural and social sciences, and for better integration of social science theories to improve the interpretability and transferability of research findings.

We provide recommendations for future research that operationalises nativeness using a broader range of meanings that will inform a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the human dimensions of conservation issues, especially within the contested and briskly evolving terrain of urban greening.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A novel high phosphorus‐efficiency phosphaphenanthrene curing agent for fabricating flame retardant and toughened epoxy thermoset
Authors: Yao Zhongying , Qiu Yong , Qian Lijun , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel high phosphorus‐efficiency phosphaphenanthrene curing agent (VND) was synthesized successfully using bio‐based vanillin, N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine, and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10 phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO). Then, as co‐curing agent, VND combined with 4, 4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) to fabricate flame retardant epoxy thermosets (VND/EP/DDM). The VND/EP/DDM thermosets exhibited excellent flame‐retardant performance and toughness, simultaneously. With only 0.35 wt% phosphorus loading, 6%VND/EP/DDM achieved a LOI value of 39.2%, and passed UL94 V‐0 rating. The three reactive functional groups in VND made itself better interpose in the burning process of thermoset matrix, endowing VND with higher efficiency in facilitating matrix carbonization. Meanwhile, the decomposition volatile tracking disclosed the inhibition effect of VND on oxidative cracking. Through gas‐ and condensed‐phased actions, VND decreased the heat release and smoke production of burning epoxy thermosets, efficiently. In addition, three reactive functional groups in VND also brought itself good toughening effect on thermoset matrix, endowing epoxy thermoset with better anti‐impact performance. The flame retarding and toughening behavior of VND provides a new insight to development advanced flame‐retardant epoxy thermosets.
Distinguishing between different types of multi‐layered PET‐based backsheets of PV modules with near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Stroyuk Oleksandr , Buerhop‐Lutz Claudia , Vetter Andreas , Hepp Johannes , Hauch Jens , Peters Ian Marius , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDegradation of backsheets (BSs) of commercial silicon PV modules is currently recognized as a source of reduced module performance and module failure. Monitoring of the BS state in the field is possible by using non‐destructive and highly informative near‐infrared absorption (NIRA) spectroscopy. Application of NIRA for the analysis of multi‐layer polyethylene terephtalate (PET) based BSs, which dominate the PV module market, is challenging due to a large variety of possible BS configurations that show only small differences in NIRA spectra. In the present work, a spectroscopic tool for the structural identification of PET‐based BSs is introduced. The method is based on a principal component analysis of a database of 250 representative NIRA spectra of BSs of different types. It allows a BS with an unknown structure to be assigned to one of 12 different types based solely on its NIRA spectrum. The identification was successfully validated on a test collection of 45 selected BSs and shown to be feasible for the field deployment. Further automation of NIRA measurements and spectral analysis are expected to elevate the proposed tool to the level of a non‐intrusive high‐throughput field analysis of the BS composition and state in operating PV module grids.
Protection by desiccation‐tolerance proteins probed at the residue level
Authors: Crilly Candice J. , Brom Julia A. , Warmuth Owen , Esterly Harrison J. , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtremotolerant organisms from all domains of life produce protective intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in response to desiccation stress. In vitro, many of these IDPs protect enzymes from dehydration stress better than U.S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved excipients. However, as with most excipients, their protective mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we apply thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and liquid‐observed vapor exchange (LOVE) NMR to study the protection of two model globular proteins (the B1 domain of staphylococcal protein G [GB1] and chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 [CI2]) by two desiccation‐tolerance proteins (CAHS D from tardigrades and PvLEA4 from an anhydrobiotic midge), as well as by disordered and globular protein controls. We find that all protein samples retain similar amounts of water and possess similar glass transition temperatures, suggesting that neither enhanced water retention nor vitrification is responsible for protection. LOVE NMR reveals that IDPs protect against dehydration‐induced unfolding better than the globular protein control, generally protect the same regions of GB1 and CI2, and protect GB1 better than CI2. These observations suggest that electrostatic interactions, charge patterning, and expanded conformations are key to protection. Further application of LOVE NMR to additional client proteins and protectants will deepen our understanding of dehydration protection, enabling the streamlined production of dehydrated proteins for expanded use in the medical, biotechnology, and chemical industries.
First reported case of late recurrence of pulmonary mucormycosis in a renal transplant recipient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
Authors: Leung Cheuk Cheung Derek , Chan Yu Hong , Ho Man Ying , Chan Ming Chiu , Chen Chun Hoi , Kwok Chin Tong , Yeung Yiu Cheong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a rare, life‐threatening fungal infection usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its incidence is rising, with a recent outbreak associated with COVID‐19 co‐infection. Amphotericin B along with early surgery are considered the standard treatment. Recurrence has been reported in patients without adequate treatment and without permanent reversal of predisposing factors. We report a case of late recurrence of PM in a renal transplant recipient. In 2012, he was diagnosed with PM. Imaging at the time showed a lingular mass. He was treated with antifungal for 1 year until complete radiological resolution. Surgical intervention was considered but no further follow‐up action was taken. In 2020, he presented with fever and haemoptysis. Imaging again showed a lingular mass, which was confirmed to be PM by bronchoscopic lung biopsy. This case highlights the importance of secondary antifungal prophylaxis for PM if permanent reversal of immunosuppression is not possible.
The relationship between birth satisfaction, posttraumatic stress disorder and postnatal depression symptoms in Croatian women
Authors: Nakić Radoš Sandra , Martinić Laura , Matijaš Marijana , Brekalo Maja , Martin Colin R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudies show that a woman's dissatisfaction with her birth experience may affect her well‐being. This study aimed to examine: (1) the birth satisfaction in Croatian women and compare it with UK normative data; (2) the association of different dimensions of birth satisfaction with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. In a cross‐sectional online study, 603 postnatal Croatian women completed the Birth Satisfaction Scale‐Revised (subscales: Stress experienced during labour (SL), Women's personal attributes (WA), and Quality of care provision (QC)); City Birth Trauma Scale (subscales: Birth‐related symptoms and General symptoms); and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Subscale and total scale scores were calculated. Path analysis tested the model of three aspects of birth satisfaction effect on PTSD dimensions and depressive symptoms. The average birth satisfaction score was significantly lower compared to the UK data on the total scale and all three subscale scores. Path analysis revealed that all three dimensions of birth satisfaction (SL, WA, and QC) had an effect on Birth‐related symptoms. However, only Women's personal attributes (i.e., feeling anxiety or being in control during childbirth) had an effect on General symptoms and depressive symptoms, as well. Different aspects of birth satisfaction are important for maternal mental health following childbirth.
Sculpting the Plasmonic Responses of Nanoparticles by Directed Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Roccapriore Kevin M. , Cho Shin‐Hum , Lupini Andrew R. , Milliron Delia J. , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpatial confinement of matter in functional nanostructures has propelled these systems to the forefront of nanoscience, both as a playground for exotic physics and quantum phenomena and in multiple applications including plasmonics, optoelectronics, and sensing. In parallel, the emergence of monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has enabled exploration of local nanoplasmonic functionalities within single nanoparticles and the collective response of nanoparticle assemblies, providing deep insight into associated mechanisms. However, modern synthesis processes for plasmonic nanostructures are often limited in the types of accessible geometry, and materials and are limited to spatial precisions on the order of tens of nm, precluding the direct exploration of critical aspects of the structure‐property relationships. Here, the atomic‐sized probe of the scanning transmission electron microscope is used to perform precise sculpting and design nanoparticle configurations. Using low‐loss EELS, dynamic analyses of the evolution of the plasmonic response are provided. It is shown that within self‐assembled systems of nanoparticles, individual nanoparticles can be selectively removed, reshaped, or patterned with nanometer‐level resolution, effectively modifying the plasmonic response in both space and energy. This process significantly increases the scope for design possibilities and presents opportunities for unique structure development, which are ultimately the key for nanophotonic design.
Synthesis of Uniform Polymer Encapsulated Organic Nanocrystals through Ouzo Nanocrystallization
Authors: Middha Eshu , Chen Chengjian , Manghnani Purnima Naresh , Wang Shaowei , Zhen Shijie , Zhao Zujin , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanocrystals (NCs) are widely used in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and bioimaging. As the surface area to volume ratio increases with a decrease in the size of NCs, strategies to control the size of NCs are highly valuable for many applications. Given the importance of photoluminescent dyes, especially those with aggregation‐induced emission, the transformation from an amorphous to a crystalline state can yield a drastic enhancement in their optical properties, which is of significance for biomedical applications. Till now, there is no general method available for the synthesis of small NCs with accurate control over the size and uniformity. Herein, a simple and general approach of ouzo nanocrystallization is presented for the synthesis of small (<100 nm) and highly uniform (polydispersity index~0.1) NCs with good control over the size. The process of nanoprecipitation is used to synthesize uniform nanoparticles (NPs) with different size, which is followed by solvent addition to form swollen NPs. Further, the amorphous core of swollen NPs is converted into NCs within polymer shell under Ouzo zone, which restricts NCs to grow above certain size. To demonstrate the general applicability of ouzo nanocrystallization, two different classes of luminescent materials are used as examples to fabricate small and highly uniform NCs.
Engineering CXCL12 Biomimetic Decoy‐Integrated Versatile Immunosuppressive Nanoparticle for Ischemic Stroke Therapy with Management of Overactivated Brain Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Shi Jinjin , Yang Yue , Yin Na , Liu Changhua , Zhao Yuzhen , Cheng Hui , Zhou Tonghai , Zhang Zhenzhong , Zhang Kaixiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFollowing ischemic stroke, brain‐resident activated microglia and peripherally infiltrated inflammatory cells create a complicated and overactivated brain immune microenvironment, which causes neuron death and dramatically hinders neurological functional recovery. Herein, an engineering CXCL12 biomimetic decoy‐integrated versatile immunosuppressive nanoparticle (VIN) for management of the overactivated brain immune microenvironment is reported. The shell of VIN (membrane of CXCR4 overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells), can not only improve the homing of nanoparticles to the cerebral ischemic lesions, but also efficiently adsorb and neutralize CXCL12 to cut off infiltration of peripheral‐neutrophils and mononuclear macrophages. The loaded A151 (cGAS inhibitor, telomerase repeat sequences) can inhibit cGAS‐STING pathway in microglia, leading to microglia polarization toward an anti‐inflammatory M2‐like phenotype. Interestingly, A151 can be efficiently loaded onto the polydopamine nanospheres (PDA, the core of VIN) through the bridge of Zn2+. In the inflammatory site, PDA is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS), with the disappearance of Zn2+ complexation effect, and then A151 realizes a controlled release. In a model of rat ischemic stroke, VIN integrates inflammation tropism, peripherally inflammatory cells filtrate, brain‐resident activated microglia polarization, as well as, ROS scavenging, exerting outstanding therapeutic effects on ameliorating the mortality, reducing the infarct volume, and protecting neurogenic functions of neurons.
Profiling and controlling I/O‐related memory contention in COTS heterogeneous platforms
Authors: Zini Matteo , Cicero Giorgiomaria , Casini Daniel , Biondi Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMotivated by the increasing number of embedded applications that make use of traffic‐intensive I/O devices, this work studies the memory contention generated by I/O devices and investigates on the regulation of the bus traffic they generate by means of COTS regulators, namely the QoS‐400 by Arm. To this purpose, the behavior of the QoS‐400 regulators is analytically characterized and then, taking the Xilinx Ultrascale+ as a reference modern heterogeneous platform, a software infrastructure to control such regulators from Linux is proposed. As an experience report, this article presents the results of an extensive experimental evaluation, based on both benchmarks and microbenchmarks, aimed at validating the effectiveness of QoS‐400 regulators in predictably controlling I/O‐related memory traffic, as well as assessing the impact of the regulation on software applications and I/O devices themselves.
Erneuerung Saaneviadukt inkl. Doppelspurausbau
Authors: Somaini Diego , Fürst Armand , Laffranchi Massimo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDer Saaneviadukt ist Teil der Bahnstrecke Bern–Neuenburg und quert die Gümmenenau, eine ca. 800 m breite Talebene, welche nach dem Gletscherrückzug durch den Flusslauf der Saane gebildet wurde. Der Saaneviadukt ist, wie der Rhein‐Viadukt bei Eglisau (1898) oder der Sitterviadukt der Bodensee‐Toggenburg‐Bahn (1908–1910), als Natursteinviadukt mit hohen Pfeilern und einer großen Mittelöffnung über dem Flusslauf konzipiert, welcher durch ein filigranes Stahlfachwerk überbrückt wird. Als Verlängerung des Viadukts Richtung Osten und zur Querung der zweiten Hälfte der Talebene folgt ein imposanter, 400 m langer und ca. 25 m hoher, künstlich erstellter Erddamm, auf welchem das einspurige Bahngleis bis zum angrenzenden Geländeplateau führt. Der knapp 120 Jahre alte Saaneviadukt, ein schweizerisches Baudenkmal von nationaler Bedeutung, wurde erneuert und auf Doppelspur ausgebaut.
Organoid Technology: Current Standing and Future Perspectives
Authors: Shariati Laleh , Esmaeili Yasaman , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Bidram Elham , Amini Abbas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Organoids are powerful systems to facilitate the study of individuals' disorders and personalized treatments. This emerging technology has improved the chance of translatability of drugs for preclinical therapies and mimicking of the complexity of organs, proposing numerous approaches for human disease modeling, tissue engineering, drug development, diagnosis, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the history of organoid technology and summarize its faithful applications, and then we discuss the challenges and limitations encountered by three-dimensional organoids. Finally, we propose that human organoids offer a basic mechanistic infrastructure for “human modeling” systems to prescribe personalized medicines.
Impaired Generation of Mature Neurons Due to Extended Expression of Tlx by Repressing Sox2 Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Bin , Dong Lianwei , Duan Weibing , Neuerburg Anna , Zhang Han , Jiang Xijuan , Shao Rui , Zhu Yan , Bock Dagmar , Liu Erwei , Wang Hong , Zhang Yunsha , Dai Yifan , Yang Haiyuan , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As a master regulator of the dynamic process of adult neurogenesis, timely expression and regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor Tailless (Tlx) is essential. However, there is no study yet to directly investigate the essential role of precise spatiotemporal expressed Tlx. Here, we generated a conditional gain of Tlx expression transgenic mouse model, which allowed the extended Tlx expression in neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny by mating with a TlxCreERT2 mouse line. We demonstrate that extended expression of Tlx induced the impaired generation of mature neurons in adult subventricular zone and subgranular zone. Furthermore, we elucidated for the first time that this mutation decreased the endogenous expression of Sox2 by directly binding to its promoter. Restoration experiments further confirmed that Sox2 partially rescued these neuron maturation defects. Together, these findings not only highlight the importance of shutting-off Tlx on time in controlling NSC behavior, but also provide insights for further understanding adult neurogenesis and developing treatment strategies for neurological disorders.
Epigenetic Regulation of Neural Stem Cells: The Emerging Role of Nucleoporins
Authors: Colussi Claudia , Grassi Claudio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNucleoporins (Nups) are components of the nuclear pore complex that, besides regulating nucleus-cytoplasmic transport, emerged as a hub for chromatin interaction and gene expression modulation. Specifically, Nups act in a dynamic manner both at specific gene level and in the topological organization of chromatin domains. As such, they play a fundamental role during development and determination of stemness/differentiation balance in stem cells. An increasing number of reports indicate the implication of Nups in many central nervous system functions with great impact on neurogenesis, neurophysiology, and neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the role of Nup-mediated epigenetic regulation in embryonic and adult neural stem cells (NSCs) is a field largely unexplored and the comprehension of their mechanisms of action is only beginning to be unveiled. After a brief overview of epigenetic mechanisms, we will present and discuss the emerging role of Nups as new effectors of neuroepigenetics and as dynamic platform for chromatin function with specific reference to the biology of NSCs.
Cell Cycle-Coupled Changes in the Level of Reactive Oxygen Species Support the Proliferation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ivanova Julia S. , Pugovkina Natalia A. , Neganova Irina E. , Kozhukharova Irina V. , Nikolsky Nikolay N. , Lyublinskaya Olga G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of proliferation regulation in human pluripotent stem cells is crucial to gain insights into understanding the physiology of these cells. However, redox regulation of the pluripotent cell cycle remains largely unexplored. Here, using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as well as human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we demonstrate that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pluripotent cells oscillates in accordance with the cell cycle progression with the peak occurring at transition from S to G2/M phase of the cycle. A decrease of this level by antioxidants leads to hindered S-phase initiation and progression but does not affect the early-G1-phase or mitosis. Cells exposed to antioxidants in the early-G1-phase accumulate the phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and overcome the restriction point but are unable to accumulate the main regulators of the S phase—CYCLIN A and GEMININ. Based on the previous findings that CYCLIN A stability is affected by redox homeostasis disturbances in somatic cells, we compared the responses to antioxidant treatments in hESCs and in their differentiated fibroblast-like progeny cells (difESCs). In difESCs, similar to hESCs, a decrease in ROS level results in the disruption of S-phase initiation accompanied by a deficiency of the CYCLIN A level. Moreover, in antioxidant-treated cells, we revealed the accumulation of DNA breaks, which was accompanied by activation of the apoptosis program in pluripotent cells. Thus, we conclude that maintaining the physiological ROS level is essential for promotion of proliferation and accurate DNA synthesis in pluripotent cells and their differentiated descendants.