bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladas, the Jordan River and Persia
Authors: Di Cresce Rachel 
Published: April 2021

In May of 337 C.E Constantine the Great fell ill and died while preparing for a campaign against Persia. Due to his imminent death, Constantine asked to receive baptism in Nicomedia instead of where he originally desired - the Jordan River. His desire But Constantine’s desire to be baptised in the River Jordan receives little attention from Eusebius in the Vita Constantini and from modern scholars alike. Traditionally, many scholars view Constantine’s late baptism as evidence of his insincere affiliation with Christianity whereas it is now clear that he wished to defer baptism so he could die free from sin. The recent re-dating of the Greek poet Palladas, by Kevin Wilkinson, to the reign of Constantine casts Constantine in a much different light than the religiously moderate leader many want to see him as. Not only did he hold a sincere belief in Christianity, but acted as a benefactor to the church, promoted the spread of Christianity while marginalizing paganism, and founded a Christian capital in the East. Constantine also sent a letter to Shapur II praising the Christian Persians under his rule. His potential baptism in the Jordan River, presumably before his campaign, is an extremely odd and Messianic act – one which was never repeated afterwards by an emperor. It is clear this war was intended to be a crusade led by a zealous Christian emperor. This was not a moderate emperor who laid the foundations for the Christian Empire to flourish but rather an extreme outlier among the tradition of Christian emperors.
PENGARUH KONSELING BEHAVIORAL DENGAN TEKNIK MODELING DAN TEKNIK MANAJEMEN DIRI TERHADAP SELF AUTONOMY DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN SISWA
Authors: Yuliastini Ni Komang Sri , Sukendra I Komang 
Published: April 2021

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh <em>self autonomy</em> antara siswa yang mendapatkan konseling behavioral dengan teknik modeling dan teknik manajemen diri, mengetahui pengaruh <em>self autonomy</em> pada siswa berjenis kelamin laki-laki antara yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik modeling dan teknik manajemen diri dan mengetahui pengaruh <em>self autonomy</em> pada siswa berjenis kelamin perempuan antara yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik modeling dan teknik manajemen diri siswa kelas X SMK PGRI 5 Denpasar. Penelitian melibatkan 20 siswa laki-laki dan 20 siswa perempuan sebagai sampel. Rancangan penelitian <em>Two Factor Design</em> atau sering disebut desain faktorial 2 X 2. Dalam desain faktorial 2 X 2, perlakuan disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga setiap individu dapat menjadi subyek secara bersamaan dalam dua faktor yang berbeda, yang setiap fokusnya terdiri atas beberapa level. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data; (1) terdapat pengaruh <em>self autonomy</em> antara siswa yang mendapatkan konseling behavioral dengan teknik modeling dan siswa yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik manajemen diri; (2) terdapat pengaruh <em>self autonomy</em> pada siswa berjenis kelamin laki-laki antara yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik modeling dan yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik manajemen diri; (3) tidak terdapat pengaruh <em>self autonomy</em> pada siswa berjenis kelamin perempuan antara yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik modeling dan yang mendapatkan konseling dengan teknik manajemen diri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara konseling behavioral teknik modeling dan teknik manajemen diri dengan jenis kelamin terhadap <em>self autonomy</em> siswa.</p>
Model Empathy Training berbantuan Teknik Biblioterapi untuk Calon Konselor
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Sri , Susilaningsih Chaterina Yeni 
Published: April 2021

<p>Pentingnya empati untuk konselor tidak diragukan lagi. Sehingga calon konselor perlu dibekali keterampilan empati. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimana profil empati calon konselor?, (2) bagaimana pelaksanaan <em>empathy training</em> untuk calon konselor?, (3) bagaimana keefektifan model <em>empathy training</em> berbantuan teknik <em>bibliotherapy</em> untuk calon konselor?. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian in iadalah (1) mendeskripsikan profil calon konselor dalam aspek empati, (2) mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan <em>empathy training</em> yang diberikan kepada calon konselor, (3) mendeskripsikan keefetktifan model <em>empathy training</em> berbantuan teknik <em>bibliotherapy</em> untuk calon konselor. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah R&amp;D yang dimodifikasi hanya sampai 6 langkah. Sampel terdiri dari 27 mahasiswa Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Madiun. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa (1) profil empati calon konselor sebelum diberi <em>treatment</em> adalah 5 mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang, 19 mahasiswa dengan kategori rendah, dan 3 mahasiswa lainnya berada pada kategori sangat rendah, (2) pelaksanaan <em>empathy training</em> berbantuan teknik biblioterapi dilaksanakan dalam 4 tahap yaitu identifikasi, pemilihan referensi, presentasi dan tindak lanjut, (3) model empathy training berbantuan teknik biblioterapi efektif untuk meningkatkan empati calon konselor. Hal ini diketahui dari hasil uji statistik <em>paired sample t test</em> yang memperoleh hasil taraf siginifikansi = 0 &lt; maka H0 ditolak. Jadi rata-rata nilai <em>pos</em><em>t</em><em>test</em> lebih baik dari pada <em>pretest</em>. Data pre tes menunjukan 19% mahasiswa dengan kategori sedang, 70% dengan kategori rendah, dan 11% nya menempati kategori sangat rendah. Sementara data hasil <em>pos</em><em>t</em><em>test</em> menunjukan bahwa terdapat 98% mahasiswa berada pada kategori tinggi dan 2% berada pada kategori sedang.</p>
MENGURANGI PERILAKU BULLYING DAN AGRESIF MENGGUNAKAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK BEHAVIORAL PADA SISWA SMP DI KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Andriati Novi , Sukmawati Ema 
Published: April 2021

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui 1) profil perilaku <em>bullying</em> dan perilaku agresif siswa di SMP Negeri 9 Pontianak, 2) pelaksanaan bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik behavioral untuk mengurangi perilaku <em>bullying</em> dan agresif siswa di SMP Negeri 9 Pontianak, 3) keefektifan bimbingan kelompok dengan pendekatan behavioral untuk mengurangi perilaku <em>bullying </em>dan agresif siswa di SMP Negeri 9 Pontianak.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang memungkinkan dilakukan pencatatan dan penganalisa data hasil penelitian secara eksak dengan menggunakan perhitungan statistik.bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pra-eksperimen Subjek penelitian ini ialah siswa yang terjaring sebagai karakteristik pelaku <em>bullying </em>dan perilaku agresif sebanyak 12 orang siswa kelas IX. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah komunikasi langsung dan komunikasi tidak langsung.Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan ialah panduan wawancara dan angket.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Attitude as A Variable between the Effect of Security, Cleanliness and Public Facilities on Domicile Decisions in Satelit City of Sidoarjo District
Authors: Halik Abdul 
Published: April 2021

<p>Satelit city has populations mostly working in metropolitan cities. Migration from metropolitan cities to Satelit city due to the land use reduction and the house purchasing power has increased, while the residence needs are very important. Workers in metropolitan cities drive off through traffic jam. Students go to metropolitan cities from the Satelit city looking for better education facilities. The population density in Satelit city is caused by migration from metropolitan cities. Migration is the occurrence of sub-urbanization phenomena in a Satelit city around the city of Surabaya. The development of Satelit city is very dynamic and making people try to find a more comfortable place and friendly neighborhood. Property developers have provided the concept of a convincing residence which is conducive, clean and safe so that the decision to domicile to live in Satelit city more commodious.</p><p>The security of a city influences a person's attitude in determining a place to live. A safe environment will make residents save. Security of family, wealth and place is a necessity that must be fulfilled in order to live a happy life. Moreover, the aspect that influences the attitude of people's domicile decisions is the cleanliness of the city. Cleanliness is related to the elements of health, pollution, and odor, so as the ideal place to live in is a place which is free from all factors that interfere with human health. Many developers organize neatly locations, a human lifestyle based on the rules of the developers, so that cleanliness can be controlled properly. With adequate facilities, residents will stay in Satelit city and not go to big cities. Public facilities will strengthen the attitude of a person to live in a Satelit city if the needs of citizens are fulfilled. The sense of security that is needed for the residents is the security of the neighborhood in which they live in because each person realizes that security is often unexpectedly disturbed. The cleanliness aspect is not an absolute requirement, because the clean and beautiful city is common. Deciding to stay in a place, the public facilities need to be seriously considered, because every person has the pretension to live and settle down. </p>As a result of the data analysis and discussion on various variables and indicators, the researcher suggests that (a) for domiciles in Satelit city, someone must consider the public facilities available. Many elements become alternatives for them and can ensure that forming a family is more comfortable and saver (b) developers can provide residences accordance with purchasing power and setting security, cleanliness, and facilities as well as those needed by residents. A sense of security, cleanliness and reachable facilities will strengthen a person's decision to choose to live in a certain area.
PRUDENCE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT COMPANY
Authors: Taufiq Muchamad , Salim Agus 
Published: April 2021

<p>The existence of local government companies which is strategic with the task of serving the public needs and the realization of welfare must be managed properly and correctly. In order to realize a good and right management must begin with prudence. The formulation of the problem of this research is what is the philosophical basis of prudence and how is the application of prudence in local government companies. This study aims to examine, analyze, understand and explain the prudential philosophical basis and discover as well as to explain the prudential concept in management of local government companies. Benefits of this research are theoretically expected to provide study, analysis, understanding and the explanation of the basic philosophical prudential and practically useful in finding and explaining the concept of prudence in the management of local government companies. This type of research is a normative juridical review as the characteristic of law which is " Sui Generis ".</p>
Audit Pengelolaan Sekolah Menggunakan Proses Mining
Authors: Haq Ahmad Fayyadh Qaimul , Kinasih Kurnia Siwi , Wiranti Dyah Ayu , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Fauzan Abd. Charis 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari pembuatan paper ini adalah untuk melakukan audit pengelolaan sekolah dengan menggunakan metode process mining dan memanfaatkan aplikasi RapidProM. Data yang digunakan dalam audit pengelolaan sekolah ini merupakan data primer yang diperoleh dari observasi dan dokumentasi di SMAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Timur, kemudian diproses dengan menerapkan metode process mining. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat melakukan pengelolaan organisasi yang ada di sekolah, sehingga pengelolaan organisasi di sekolah akan lebih efektif. Dengan adanya audit pengelolaan sekolah, pengelolaan sekolah akan memenuhi kualitas dan standar yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Hasil penelitian audit pengelolaan sekolah dengan metode process mining yang menggunakan empat algoritma diantaranya Algoritma Alpha miner, Algoritma Fuzzy miner, Algoritma Heuristic miner, dan Algoritma Process tree dinilai memiliki kesesuaian yang tepat terhadap data yang ada. Dari hasil penelitian audit pengelolaan sekolah ini dapat disimpulkan persentase yang didapatkan dari masing masing algoritma, yaitu pada algoritma Alpha miner hasil persentase fitness 0,95 (95%) dan precision 0,9 (90%), pada algoritma Heuristic miner hasil persentase fitness 0,972 (97,2%) dan precision 0,83 (83%), pada algoritma Process tree hasil persentase fitness 0,98 (98%) dan precision 1 (100%), pada algoritma Fuzzy miner hasil persentase fitness 0,99 (99%) dan precision 0,915 (91,5%).
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Aktivitas Manusia dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan melalui Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw pada Siswa Kelas VII Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 di SMP Negeri 2 Gandusari Trenggalek
Authors: Supraptani Supraptani 
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan di sekolah dapat menunjang proses pertumbuhan dan pengembangan potensi yang ada pada peserta didik agar mampu menjalankan tugas-tugas kehidupan sebagai individu maupun sebagai anggota masyarakat. Kenyataan di lapangan siswa susah memahami pelajaran IPS alasanya dikarenakan pembelajaran yang monoton, lebih banyak hafalan, guru mendominasi kegiatan pembelajaran dengan lebih banyak kegiatan ceramah sehingga siswa menjadi pasif, kadang-kadang menggunakan metode diskusi biasa, yang aktif hanya siswa yang pintar saja, yang lain lebih banyak diam atau melakukan kesibukan sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendiskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar ips materi aktivitas manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan melalui model pembelajaran jigsaw pada siswa kelas vii semester ii tahun pelajaran 2017/ 2018 di SMP Negeri 2 Gandusari Trenggalek. Berdasar hasil penelitian tindakan kelas, pada Siklus I kebanyakan siswa belum berani mengemukakan pendapat sehingga banyak waktu yang terbuang. Siswa kurang berani memberikan masukan terkait dengan pokok masalah dalam Materi Aktivitas Manusia Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan. Kebanyakan siswa menunggu dan bergantung kepada siswa lain yang dianggap memiliki kelebihan dalam kepandaian daripada dirinya. Akan tetapi pada Siklus II, siswa sudah berani mengemukakan pendapat. Siswa berebut kesempatan untuk menyampaikan hasil kerjanya tentang topik Materi Aktivitas Manusia Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan. Demikian halnya dengan saat mengomentari presentasi temannya.
Penggunaan Media 3D SketchUp pada Pembelajaran Dimensi Tiga untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Spatial Sense pada Siswa Kelas XII IPA SMAN 1 Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Sekarwulan Ani Riani 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi objektif tentang peningkatan kemampuan spatial sense siswa XII IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi dan respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran menggunakan media 3D SketchUp. Kemampuan spatial sense siswa dilihat dari proses menyelesaikan persoalan matematika pada pembelajaran dimensi tiga dengan menggunakan 3D SketchUp sebagai media pembelajaran. Penggunaan pembelajaran menggunakan media 3D SketchUp dengan desain penelitian tindakan kelas mampu meningkatkan kemampuan spatial sense siswa pada pembelajaran dimensi tiga kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi. Hal ini terbukti dengan perolehan rata-rata hasil tes siswa pada tiap siklus relatif terjadi kenaikan. Hasil siklus I rata-rata spatial sense siswa adalah 72%, hasil siklus II rata-rata spatial sense siswa adalah 74%, hasil siklus III rata-rata spatial sense siswa adalah 78%, dan hasil siklus IV rata-rata spatial sense siswa adalah 87%. Hasil tes pada siklus I dan pada tes formatif mengalami peningkatan. Data ini mengindikasikan bahwa siswa mengalami peningkatan kemampuan spatial sense. Sikap siswa terhadap pelajaran matematika secara keseluruhan menunjukkan sebagian besar bersikap positif (84%).
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF PEER COUNSELORS IN IMPLEMENTING ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION IN SUMENEP DISTRICT
Authors: Permatasari Dian , Suprayitno Emdat 
Published: April 2021

Adolescents are considered as priority targets for reproductive health that will determine the quality of reproductive health in the future. The globalization of information has a big impact on adolescents. The great curiosity of adolescents about reproduction encourages adolescents to seek information from various sources, including peers, parents, schools and information media. This requires correct and responsible information so that adolescents can have healthy reproductive behavior. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of peer counselors in the implementation of adolescent reproductive health counseling in Sumenep Regency. P enelitian uses quantitative methods to design cross-sectional. The population in this study is the total population, namely all peer counselors who have received training on Adolescent Reproductive Health in Sumenep Regency in 2020 as many as 66 people. Data analysis used chi-square statistical test and logistic regression. The results showed that the most dominant factor influencing was knowledge of KRR counseling, motivation towards the implementation of KRR counseling, support of officers for the implementation of KRR counseling, and the supervision of officers on the implementation of KRR counseling. This study recommends the Sumenep Regency BPMP & KB Office to organize and activate adolescent reproductive health counseling training and invite peer counselors who are active in Sumenep district, and facilitate any KRR counseling activities, namely in the form of facilities and infrastructure.
Differences in Parts of Purslane Plants (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) To Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Husnawati Husnawati , Purwanto Ukhradiya Magharaniq Safira , Rispriandari Aulia Ayu 
Published: April 2021

Antioxidant are needed to prevent free radical inside the body and oxidative stress that promotes the aging process and various degenerative diseases. Portulaca grandiflora Hook. is known to have potential as antioxidant. Differences in plant parts can cause differences in phytochemical content, which can affect its antioxidant activity. This study aims to measure total phenolic and flavonoid content in leaf, old stem, young stem, and flower organs of purslane plant (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) which is extracted using ethanol 96% and determined the antioxidant activity of the extract with DPPH methode. The result showed that each plant organ of purslane contains different concentration of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the leaves( 113.26 ± 3.85 mg GAE/g and 97.99 ± 1.28 mg QE/g), but the highest antioxidant activity was found in the old stem with IC50 value 122.15 ± 1.30 ppm (classified as medium antioxidant).

Keywords: Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Portulaca grandiflora Hook.
Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Muntingia calabura L. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Nasution Nuke Annisa , Artika I Made , Safari Dodi 
Published: April 2021

Antibacterial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has been increasing and is one of ongoing global concern. The need to find new antibacterial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae is of paramount importance. Medicinal plants are prospective sources of antibacterial agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the activity of leaf extraxt of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Muntingia calabura L. against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Leaves of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis were extracted using 96% ethanol, while the leaves of Muntingia calabura L were extracted using 100% methanol. The leaf extracts of the two plants obtained were bioassayed for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and a clinical isolate Streptococcus pneumoniae PU 067. Results showed that leaf extracts of both Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Muntingia calabura L. have antibacterial activity in vitro against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 at crude extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (w/v). Both plants extracts showed strongest activity against S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 at extract concentration of 75%. In addition, the extracts of both plants have inhibitory activity against growth of the clinical isolate Streptococcus pneumoniae PU 067. Both plant extracts showed strongest activity against S. pneumoniae PU 067 at extract concentration of 100%. Therefore, leaf extracts of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Muntingia calabura L. can potentially be used as a source of antibacterial agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Keywords: Antibacterial agent, Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, Muntingia calabura L., Streptococcus pneumoniae.
PENANAMAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Muslim Arifin , Azizah Novica Dimar , Supriatna Supriatna 
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted based on the indicators of character education on environmental care which aimed to find out and analyze the school curriculum, the applying process of character education during learning in the class, the implementation, supporting factors, and hampering factors in implementing character education on environmental care. This was a descriptive qualitative research which focused on the indicators that must be achieved by the school and students. The main sources of this research were the school principal, the teachers and students of second and fifth grades. The data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation with the researcher himself as the instrument. The data were then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The data validity in this research used triangulation technique which was source triangulation. The results showed that the implementation of character education on environmental care was done based on the school curriculum in regular activities, spontaneous activity, exemplary, and conditioning; the applying process of character education during learning in the class and at school; the implementation of character education could be seen from eight indicators which had been achieved by the school, six indicators which had been done by low and high-class students. The supporting factors were also found at school in the form of infrastructure and the role of school environment. However, there were also hampering factors such as time issue which caused less maximal implementation and the lack of giving reward to the students who had cared with environment.
PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Marbun Tiarima 
Published: April 2021

This classroom action research (CAR) was conducted to increase student success in learning History with the Google Classroom (GC) application. The class as the subject is that of XI IPS-2 SMA Negeri 2 Tarakan, consisting of 36 students, with 19 male and 17 female students. They were chosen, because the class saw a very large level of online learning problems such as: students often missed class, attended late, did not do assignments, did not have data packages so they did not participate in learning , and very passive learning activities.This research was conducted in two cycles, with three meetings in each. It employed GC as the media to hold the learning process done online in the pandemic era. The results of the analysis has proved that the use of GC can help in improving student learning outcomes, based on all aspects of observation and action so that learning outcomes increase in each meeting and cycle. The learning outcomes in the first cycle showed 47.2%, while in the second cycle it increased to 83.3%. There were 5 students or 13.9% who had failed to reach the minimum completeness and a student was not present at the last meeting of the cycles. A remedial will be given in a separate meeting so that they can achieve the required mastery in learning. In short, learning with GC media can improve the results of learning history subject for the students in high school. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers or teachers be able to use GC in online learning.