bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time matters: civic engagement and the development of anti-immigrant attitudes among adolescents
Authors: Lundberg Erik , Abdelzadeh Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA recurring claim in the literature is that civic engagement in voluntary associations is crucial for the formation of a variety of interpersonal attitudes, such as social trust, tolerance, and intolerance. In this article, we study the role of membership in voluntary associations and volunteer work in the development of anti-immigrant attitudes among adolescents. Using a four-wave longitudinal design with a target sample comprising approximately 2000 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 at the first measurement occasion, this study contributes to previous research by analysing the impact on anti-immigrant attitudes of different dimensions of membership in voluntary associations and volunteer work. The results showed that membership in voluntary associations and volunteer work over several years serve to decrease anti-immigrant attitudes among adolescents over time. In addition, volunteering over several years seems to have a somewhat stronger impact on anti-immigrant attitudes than do various aspects of membership in associations. Our study also shows that anti-immigrant attitudes become more firmly established with age and that membership in only certain types of voluntary associations relates to attitudes toward immigrants. In sum, this study contributes to previous research focusing on the role of civic engagement in the development of interpersonal attitudes.
Measuring interest group agendas in regulatory proposals: a method and the case of US education policy
Authors: Workman Samuel , Carlson Deven , Bark Tracey , Bell Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new way to measure interest group agendas and demonstrate an approach to extending the CAP topic coding scheme to policy domains at lower levels of analysis. We use public comments on regulatory proposals in US education policy to examine the topics contained in policy arguments. We map the education policy space using a data set of 493 comments and 5315 hand-coded comment paragraphs. A unique measurement model accounts for group and topic diversity and allows us to validate our approach. The findings have implications for measuring topic agendas in lower-level policy domains and understanding group coalitions and competition in education policy. We contribute to text-as-data approaches tracing policy change in the study of public policy. The findings suggest the relationship between issue attention observed by scholars and larger policy reform movements.
Grand challenges and emergent modes of convergence science
Authors: Petersen Alexander M. , Ahmed Mohammed E. , Pavlidis Ioannis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo address complex problems, scholars are increasingly faced with challenges of integrating diverse domains. We analyzed the evolution of this convergence paradigm in the ecosystem of brain science, a research frontier that provides a contemporary testbed for evaluating two modes of cross-domain integration: (a) cross-disciplinary collaboration among experts from academic departments associated with disparate disciplines; and (b) cross-topic knowledge recombination across distinct subject areas. We show that research involving both modes features a 16% citation premium relative to a mono-domain baseline. We further show that the cross-disciplinary mode is essential for integrating across large epistemic distances. Yet we find research utilizing cross-topic exploration alone—a convergence shortcut—to be growing in prevalence at roughly 3% per year, significantly outpacing the more essential cross-disciplinary convergence mode. By measuring shifts in the prevalence and impact of different convergence modes in the 5-year intervals up to and after 2013, we find that shortcut patterns may relate to competitive pressures associated with Human Brain funding initiatives launched that year. Without policy adjustments, flagship funding programs may unintentionally incentivize suboptimal integration patterns, thereby undercutting convergence science’s potential in tackling grand challenges.
Non-thermal plasma multi-jet platform based on a flexible matrix
Authors: Corbella Carles , Portal Sabine , Lin Li , Keidar Michael 
Published: August 2021

A new plasma source design that merges the main characteristics of capacitive dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) is discussed. The DBD system contains a flexible, porous matrix consisting of silica aerogel, which is comprised between two biased electrodes. The helium flow supply subjected to a sinusoidal voltage of around 5 kV in amplitude and 15 kHz in frequency provides a set of plasma jets that propagates more than 1 cm beyond the active DBD region. The studied plasma multi-jet system consists of an array of three aligned jets that flow in the laminar regime, and it is intended for treating the surfaces of 3D objects and large areas. CAPJ performance is discussed as a hypothetical morphing source in flat and bent configurations. Electrical characterization and optical emission spectroscopy diagnostics have provided current–voltage waveforms and the composition of the CAPJ through the aerogel layer, respectively. This novel source is promising for biomedical applications that require full adaptation of plasma parameters to delicate samples, such as wound healing and treatment of surgical margins in plasma-based cancer surgery.
High-throughput suppressor screen demonstrates that RcsF monitors outer membrane integrity and not Bam complex function
Authors: Tata Muralidhar , Kumar Santosh , Lach Sarah R. , Saha Shreya , Hart Elizabeth M. , Konovalova Anna 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The bacterial cell envelope is the frontline defense against host immune factors and antibiotics. The regulator of capsule synthesis (Rcs) is a complex signaling pathway that maintains the homeostasis of this essential organelle. Several hypotheses for how the sensory component RcsF activates signaling in response to stress were proposed but could not be directly tested because RcsF proper assembly into the complex with outer membrane proteins (OMPs) depends on the essential β-barrel assembly machine (Bam). We used an extensive genetic analysis to tease apart which RcsF interactions are important for the sensing function. We show that RcsF does not monitor the Bam complex function. Instead, the Bam complex is required to assemble the sensory RcsF/OMP complex that monitors membrane integrity.
Methane-derived carbon flows into host–virus networks at different trophic levels in soil
Authors: Lee Sungeun , Sieradzki Ella T. , Nicolas Alexa M. , Walker Robin L. , Firestone Mary K. , Hazard Christina , Nicol Graeme W. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThe impact of soil viruses on prokaryotic hosts and their functional processes is largely unknown. While metagenomic sequencing of soil microbial communities enables identification of linkages between viruses and hosts, this does not necessarily identify contemporary interactions. To enable a detailed analysis of active virus–host interactions between individual populations, we focused on the critical biogeochemical process of methane (CH4) oxidation and followed the transfer of carbon from hosts to their associated viruses in situ. Analysis of13C-enriched metagenomic DNA demonstrated that CH4-derived carbon is transferred into viral biomass via both primary and secondary utilizers of CH4and suggests viral predation is an important mechanism for releasing CH4-derived organic carbon into the soil matrix.
Inflection reflection: images in mirrors whose curvature changes sign
Authors: Berry M V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mirrors that are convex in some places and concave in others can generate images of extended objects (such as the viewer’s face) that are curiously distorted and often topologically disrupted. Understanding these images involves the caustics of the family of rays emitted by each point of the object, and the totality of all such families constituting the rays from all points of the object. The general theory is illustrated by the simplest mirror with an inflection, whose profile is a cubic function. Simulations, and observations with a flexible plastic mirror, show how the image changes as the viewer moves relative to the mirror.
Radiation induced acceleration of ions in a laser irradiated transparent foil
Authors: Gelfer E G , Fedotov A M , Weber S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Radiation friction can have a substantial impact on electron dynamics in a transparent target exposed to a strong laser pulse. In particular, by modifying quiver electron motion, it can strongly enhance the longitudinal charge separation field, thus inducing ion acceleration. We present a model and simulation results for such a radiation induced ion acceleration regime and study the scalings of the maximal attainable and average ion energies with respect to the laser and target parameters. We also compare the performance of this mechanism to the conventional ones.
Symmetry breaking driving spontaneous plasma rotation in tokamak fusion devices
Authors: Li Hanhui , Sun Youwen , Wang Lu , He Kaiyang , Shaing Ker-Chung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Plasma rotation plays a critical role in improving plasma confinement in a magnetically confined fusion device. Spontaneous plasma rotation and its reversal of orientation without external momentum input have been observed in some tokamak fusion devices, while the underlying physics is not well understood. A new mechanism based on neoclassical toroidal plasma viscosity induced by symmetry breaking is proposed and well reproduces both spontaneous toroidal rotation and its reversals in tokamaks by considering a small non-axisymmetric displacement in the plasma center, since internal instabilities are often observed in those experiments. The nonlinear hysteresis process of plasma rotation reversals is also well reproduced in the modeling. The mechanism for driving spontaneous plasma rotation proposed in this paper may be utilized for achieving more economical operation of future tokamak fusion reactors.
Development of online learning media based on Telegram Chatbot (Case studies: Programming courses)
Authors: Ardimansyah M I , Widianto M H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of life, one of which is education. In some certain areas, at this time the government has issued an interim policy that education provider institutions such as college, schools and its kind to conduct learning activities from home. The existence of this policy makes a change in learning patterns that are usually face-to-face to being forced to apply distance learning methods (online learnings). The limited internet quota, space and time during online learning, as well as different levels of understanding of each student make teaching methods with question and answer also hampered. The solution to that problem, we propose online learning media using Telegram Chatbot. The purpose of this research is to make the Telegram Chatbot as an online learning media with case studies of programming courses, so that be expected students can get learning with the way questions and answers about programming that can be accessed anytime and anywhere, without having to always tied to the educator. The Telegram Chatbot development method using the Prototype Method which is divided into three main stages, which are (1) system requirements analysis, (2) system design and development, and (3) evaluation. The result of our propose development can be an alternative as media learning.
Usability testing of digital map application using hand gesture recognition as a historical learning media for elementary school
Authors: Padmasari A C , Hernawan A H , Rostika D , Wahyuningsih Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The need for digital learning media is currently starting to increase, the use of conventional learning media has become less attractive to students of the current generation. Especially now, the need for digital learning media is starting to increase because the current generation of elementary school students is a generation that easily adapts to technology. Researchers have designed a digital map with a hand gesture recognition as a navigation control instead of a keyboard and mouse. After the application is made, the next step is validating user experience (UX) in the form of usability testing to see user responses. The questionnaire was distributed consisting of 13 questions which were grouped into 4 usability variables. This study involved 50 respondents of grade 4 elementary school students in 5 schools in the Cibiru hilir Bandung and using a linkert scale and get 4 usability variables with a percentage overall feasibility trial from elementary student are 79,25 % and 72,5 % from college student UPI Cibiru. Usability testing media consisting of learnability 80.5% with very good category, system performance is 75, 2% with good category, memorability is 80, 5%, with very good category, satisfaction is 83.3% with very good category.
The development of interactive learning multimedia in teaching mathematics (integer number) to junior high school students
Authors: Imania K A N , Purwanti Y , Bariah S H , Nasrulloh I , Nurazizah N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to create an Interactive Learning Multimedia Product Development. This development research aims to facilitate student learning activities that are in accordance with learning principles and are goal-oriented to be achieved in the learning. This interactive learning multimedia aims to be accessible by students in a more flexible manner without limited space and time, more effectively and it is also hoped that it can be more efficient in its implementation. The research method used is R & D, this development method uses the learning development model proposed by Borg and Gall, Dick & Carrey and J. Moonen. This is done because what will be developed in this research is an interctive learning multimedia development product. The stages in developing interactive learning multimedia designs include 5 stages, namely: (1) preliminary research, (2) initial product development, (3) expert validation and revision, (4) small-scale field trials and product revisions, (5) testing large-scale field and final products.
Synchronous or asynchronous? Various online learning platforms studied in Indonesia 2015-2020
Authors: Setiadi P M , Alia D , Sumardi S , Respati R , Nur L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Online learning occupies an important position as an indicator of improving the quality of learning in Indonesia. This paper aims to identify the online learning platform studied in Indonesia in 2015-2020. This is to determine the potential for developing the quality of online learning in Indonesia. There are 178 articles studied in this paper as research population using systematic literature review method. Systematic literature review method is used to list, filter, classify, and identify learning approaches that used in each learning platform. This study used secondary data from the IOP database, especially for articles conducted in Indonesia in 2015-2020. It was found that asynchronous online learning is more widely used about 68 articles. Meanwhile, there are 57 research conducted without specific learning approach. Also, the number of research on online learning conducted in Indonesia is increased by 178 articles in total during 2015-2020. The most widely studied platforms in Indonesia were Edmodo, Moodle, MOOC, and Google Classroom. However, there are tendencies that social media which are not learning platform are treated like learning platforms. This has implications for educators’ to apply online learning using various forms of media and platforms, so that it is starting to be widely accepted.
The instrument for measuring logical-mathematical intelligence of low-grade elementary school students
Authors: Muqodas I , Yuliyanto A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The limited measurement of students’ multiple intelligence, especially students’ logical-mathematical intelligence, is the main reason for this research. The purpose of this study is to produce instruments to measure the logical-mathematical intelligence of low-grade elementary school students. Research and Development are used in this research. The study population was all students in Purwakarta. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample was 27 students of the second-grade elementary school in Purwakarta. Validity testing produces nine indicators that are represented by five activity items that are observed through an observation sheet having high validity. The reliability test results through the Cronbach’s Alpha calculation produce a stable instrument with a value of 0.81 > 0.60 for all items. Thus, logical-mathematical intelligence instruments can be utilized in learning in low-grade elementary schools.
The influence of Lectora inspire-based interactive learning media on students’ learning motivation and mathematical reasoning abilities in primary schools
Authors: Suryaningrat E F , Muslihah N N , Pujiasti D A , Adiredja R K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out how much learning Interactive based on lectora inspire influence on the learning process. This research uses collaborative action research between lecturers, students, and teachers in 2019 at one of the primary schools in west Java. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and tests. the result of the research is to find out how the impact of the use of learning media lectora inspire based interactive on student’s approach is proven to improve ‘learning motivation and mathematical reasoning abilities in primary schools.
Teaching sine wave concept through simulation for elementary school students
Authors: Nugroho P T , Dewi D P , Fuada S , Putri H E , Jannah F R , Zanah F W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the Natural Science subject for elementary school, one learns about the waves topic which is derived material from sound energy. Students have been taught that waves have periods and frequencies, including the theoretical application of its application in real life. However, the teacher requires a high effort to explain it because it is quite complicated with a short teaching duration. With the help of information computer technology such as an EDA-based software tool, elementary school students can more quickly understand the sine wave material. This paper reveals on how to teach a sine wave material for children with the following topics, i.e., 1) fundamental concept; 2) the introduction of the instrumental tool; 3) introduction of the used Simulator, periods and frequencies measurement using Oscilloscope instruments; 4) Measurement example; and 5) Practicum. These topics are packaged in a new course outside formal schools. The Circuit Wizard simulator was chosen as a teaching tool; we hope to make abstract contents (ex. sine waves) more exact for children and serve many benefits to improve the teaching quality. This paper focuses on the output frequency measurement using Frequency Generator (FG) & analog Oscilloscope pair under the Circuit Wizard simulation. This course can be taken by 4th – 6th grade (10 – 12 years old children).
Virtual scuba diving activities for elementary student to enhance their ocean literacy
Authors: Cahyadi F D , Tarigan D J , Sasongko A S , Prakoso K , Widiyanto K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the potential use of virtual diving media to improve ocean literacy for elementary school students in Indonesia. Online surveys and literature reviews were used to collect data that were then analyzed descriptively based on aspects of marine literacy. Based on the results of trials by students and teachers, it is known that The World’s Ocean from Google Earth is able to display many underwater locations or spots in Indonesia. The results showed that The World’s Ocean-Google Earth is a virtual scuba diving that has the potential to be used by elementary school students with the advantage of being able to display marine biodiversity in Indonesia and incorporating the essential principles of ocean literacy.
Channeling efficiency reduction in high dose neutron irradiated silicon crystals for high energy and high intensity beam collimation and extraction
Authors: Scandale W. , D'Andrea M. , Esposito L.S. , Garattini M. , Guillermain E. , Mirarchi D. , Montesano S. , Natochii A. , Rossi R. , I. Smirnov G. , Zhovkovska V. , Murtas F. , Galluccio F. , Addesa F. , Iacoangeli F. , Islam Z. , Gavrikov Yu.A. , Ivanov Yu.M. , Koznov M.A. , Malkov M.V. , Malyarenko L.G. , Mamunct I.G. , Borg J. , James T.O. , Hall G. , Pesaresi M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The channeling process in bent silicon crystals are used
since '70s to manipulate beams of high energy particles. During the
last decade, several studies and experiments carried out by the UA9
Collaboration at CERN demonstrated the possibility to use bent
crystals for beam collimation, extraction, focusing and splitting in
particle accelerators. These crystals are subject to deterioration
due to the interaction of the particles with the crystal lattice,
degrading the beam steering performance. For this reason, robustness
tests are crucial to estimate their reliability and operational
lifetime. A ∼8% of reduction in channeling efficiency on
crystals irradiated with 2.5·1021/cm2 thermal neutrons
was measured and reported in this manuscript. Extrapolations to
possible operational scenarios in high energy accelerators are also
discussed.
Avoiding biases in binned fits
Authors: Gligorov V.V. , Hageboeck S. , Nanut T. , Sciandra A. , Tou D.Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Binned maximum likelihood fits are an attractive option when analysing large datasets, but require care when computing likelihoods of continuous PDFs in bins.
For many years the widely used statistical modelling package evaluated probabilities at the bin centre, leading to significant biases for strongly curved probability density functions.
We demonstrate the biases with real-world examples, and introduce a PDF class to that removes these biases.
The physics and computation performance of this new class are discussed.