bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic factors and the risk of small intestine cancers: Pooled study of 800 000 individuals in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project
Authors: Nagel Gabriele , Bjørge Tone , Jaensch Andrea , Peter Raphael S. , Häggström Christel , Lang Alois , Engeland Anders , Teleka Stanley , Jirström Karin , Lindquist David , Stattin Pär , Ulmer Hanno , Concin Hans , Stocks Tanja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo explore the largely unknown etiology of small intestine cancer, we examined metabolic factors and risk of small intestine cancer overall and by subtypes. Among 404 220 women and 403 265 men in six European cohorts, we applied Cox regression with adjustment for smoking and body mass index (BMI), to calculate sex‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) of small intestine cancer by levels of BMI, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. We also calculated HRs for these factors combined (metabolic score; MetS) and used Wald test statistics to investigate pairwise interactions between metabolic factors on risk. We also performed analyses separately per subtype (neuroendocrine tumors [NETs] and adenocarcinomas). During a median follow‐up of 16.9 years, 144 women and 195 men were diagnosed with small intestine cancer, including 184 NETs and 99 adenocarcinomas. Among men, no main associations or interactions between metabolic factors were observed in relation to the risk of small intestine cancer. Among women, triglycerides were positively and linearly associated with risk (HR per standard deviation [SD]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04‐1.46), and a positive association was also observed for the MetS (HR per SD: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.52). Positive interactions were observed among women between triglycerides and cholesterol (P = .0005), and between MAP and glucose (P = .009), on risk. Glucose was positively associated with adenocarcinomas among women. This large, prospective study suggests that elevated triglycerides, and metabolic factors in interaction, confer an increased risk of small intestine cancer among women, but not among men.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the short‐term survival of patients with cancer in Northern Portugal
Authors: Morais Samantha , Antunes Luís , Rodrigues Jéssica , Fontes Filipa , Bento Maria José , Lunet Nuno 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to potential delays in diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, which may negatively affect the prognosis of these patients. Our study aimed to quantify the impact of COVID‐19 on the short‐term survival of cancer patients by comparing a period of 4 months after the outbreak began (2 March 2020) with an equal period from 2019. All cancer cases of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum, pancreas, lung, skin‐melanoma, breast, cervix, and prostate, from the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO‐Porto) and diagnosed between 2 March and 1 July of 2019 (before COVID‐19) and 2020 (after COVID‐19) were identified. Information regarding sociodemographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were collected from the cancer registry database and clinical files. Vital status was assessed to 31 October of the respective years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate crude and propensity score‐adjusted hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of death. During follow‐up to 31 October, there were 154 (11.8%) deaths observed before COVID‐19 and 131 (17.2%) after COVID‐19, corresponding to crude and adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.51 (1.20‐1.91) and 1.10 (0.86‐1.40), respectively. Significantly higher adjusted hazards of death were observed for patients with Stage III cancer (HR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.14‐4.94) and those undergoing surgical treatment (HR = 3.97; 95% CI: 1.14‐13.77) or receiving radiotherapy (HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.96‐3.74), while patients who did not receive any treatment had a lower mortality hazards (HR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46‐0.83). The higher overall short‐term mortality observed during the COVID‐19 pandemic largely reflects the effects of the epidemic on the case‐mix of patients being diagnosed with cancer.
Antiepileptic drugs and prostate cancer risk in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Salminen Jukka K. , Kuoppamäki Viivu , Talala Kirsi , Taari Kimmo , Mäkinen Jussi , Peltola Jukka , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Auvinen Anssi , Murtola Teemu J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor properties decrease prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation in vitro. A population‐based cohort of 78 615 men was used to evaluate the risk of PCa among users of AEDs. Study population was linked to the Finnish national prescription database to obtain information on individual medication reimbursements in 1996 to 2015. Cox regression with antiepileptic medication use as a time‐dependent variable was used to analyze PCa risk overall, and low, medium and high‐risk PCa separately. The analysis was adjusted for age, screening trial arm, and other drugs in use, including statins, antidiabetic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Compared to the nonusers of AEDs, overall PCa risk was decreased among AED users (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76‐0.96). A similar PCa risk decrease was observed among users of HDACi AEDs (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76‐1.01), but no risk difference was found when comparing HDACi AED users to users of other AEDs (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.76‐1.27). Our study showed a decrease in overall PCa risk among men using AEDs compared to nonusers. The risk associations were similar for HDAC inhibitors as for AEDs in general.
Tissue‐engineered nerve graft using silk‐fibroin/polycaprolactone fibrous mats decorated with bioactive cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Saremi Jamileh , Khanmohammadi Mehdi , Azami Mahmoud , Ai Jafar , Yousefi‐Ahmadipour Aliakbar , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) encapsulated in fabricated hybrid silk‐fibroin (SF)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers as an artificial neural guidance conduit (NGC) applicable for peripheral nerve regeneration. The NGC was prepared by PCL and SF filled with CNPs. The mechanical properties, contact angle, and cell biocompatibility experiments showed that the optimized concentration of CNPs inside SF and SF/PCL wall of conduits was 1% (wt/wt). The SEM image analysis showed the nanoscale texture of the scaffold in different topologies depend on composition with fiber diameters at about 351 ± 54 nm and 420 ± 73 nm respectively for CNPs + SF and CNPs + SF/PCL fibrous mats. Furthermore, contact angle measurement confirmed the hydrophilic behavior of the membranes, ascribable to the SF content and surface modification through modified methanol treatment. The balance of morphological and biochemical properties of hybrid CNPs 1% (wt/wt) + SF/PCL construct improves cell adhesion and proliferation in comparison with lower concentrations of CNPs in nanofibrous scaffolds. The release of CNPs 1% (wt/wt) from both CNPs + SF and CNPs+ SF/PCL fibrous mats was highly controlled and very slow during the extended time of incubation until 60 days. Fabricated double‐layered NGC using CNPs + SF and CNPs + SF/PCL fibers was consistent for application in nervous tissue engineering and regenerative medicine from a structural and biocompatible perspective.
Más Fuertes Juntos: Attachment relationship quality, but not demographic risk, predicts psychopathology in Latinx mother‐youth dyads
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Russo Lyric N. , Arreola Jose , Cervantes Breana R. , Hecht Hannah K. , Leal Francisca , Montiel Gloria , Paredes Paulina , Guerra Nancy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLatinx families are increasing in the population in the United States and have documented mental health concerns. Much remains to be understood about mental health predictors within this population. The present study aimed to help fill this gap and offer an in‐depth assessment of psychopathology within a large (N = 330) sample of Latinx mothers and youth by exploring associations between sociodemographic risk, attachment relationship quality, and mental health. Demographic risk was not associated with youth or maternal psychopathology, but attachment relationship quality was associated with all indices of psychopathology in youth and mothers. The interaction between demographic risk and psychopathology only added to the prediction of maternal depression, revealing a pattern wherein maternal closeness was associated with lower depression at low and mean but not high levels of demographic risk. We discuss these findings in terms of the importance of supporting parent–child relationships in this population.
Dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction by cardiac hydatic cysts: A multimodality imaging study
Authors: de Gregorio Cesare , Ferrazzo Giuseppe , Ceresa Fabrizio , De Donno Bruna Filomena , Patanè Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the case of massive hydatic heart disease in a 50‐year‐old male patient referred to hospital for recent‐onset dyspnea, atypical chest, and hypotension. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was demonstrated to be caused by hypoechogenic formations at Doppler‐echocardiography and confirmed to be hydatic cysts at cardiac magnetic resonance. These cysts developed within the right ventricular wall and the septum, and caused hemodynamic instability.
Outcomes of 5000 pancreatectomies in Korean single referral center and literature reviews
Authors: Byun Yoonhyeong , Choi Yoo Jin , Han Youngmin , Kang Jae Seung , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic resection has higher postoperative mortality and morbidity rates than other abdominal operations. Some centers have reported remarkable postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive surgery. This study investigated the chronological trends of pancreatectomies by analyzing a large‐scale database.MethodsThe medical records of 5175 patients who underwent pancreatic resection between 1961 and 2019 at a single institution were reviewed. To investigate the chronological change in survival outcomes of periampullary cancer, the survival data of 3,108 patients were analyzed.ResultsPatient age and the proportion with pancreatic cancer have increased over time. From 2015 to 2019, pancreatic cancer was the most common cause for resection (35.9%), followed by pancreatic cysts (24.8%) and common bile duct cancer (13.4%). The incidence of postoperative complications tended to decrease over time (26.0% from 2000 to 2004; 20.8% from 2015 to 2019). A comparison of survival outcomes of periampullary malignancies by period revealed that patients with pancreatic cancer significantly improved (5‐year survival rate: 14.4% before 2000% vs 15.2% from 2000 to 2009% vs 29.0% after 2009, P < .001).ConclusionsPostoperative outcomes of pancreatic resection have improved over the past few decades. To improve outcomes in the future, an active multidisciplinary approach and postoperative management are required.
Predicting Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Antidepressant Selection in Early Treatment of Depression
Authors: Xue Li , Pei Cong , Wang Xinyi , Wang Huan , Tian Shui , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDue to the biological heterogeneity, 60%–70% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to or achieve remission from first‐line antidepressants. Predicting neuroimaging biomarkers for early antidepressant treatment could guide initial antidepressant therapy.PurposeTo assess for neuroimaging biomarkers for antidepressant selection in early antidepressant treatment.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 85 MDD patients from the major site and 33 MDD patients from an out‐of‐sample test site.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, T1‐weighted imaging using a magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient‐echo sequence and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using an echo‐planar sequence.AssessmentBaseline DTI data of patients who achieved early improvement after 2‐weeks of antidepressant treatment (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRI] or serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRI]) were analyzed. An ensemble model was constructed using data from the major site and then applied to assess the early response of patients at the out‐of‐sample test site.Statistical TestsSupport vector machine combined with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation were applied to construct the whole model from individual base models from different brain regions. Discriminative biomarkers were evaluated by calculating the changes in sensitivity and specificity obtained when removing a single base model from the whole model, the base model being removed changing in each run.ResultsTraining performance over MDD patients at the major site achieved 75% accuracy while performance with accuracy of 70% was achieved in the out‐of‐sample test site. Assessing sensitivity and specificity changes following the removal of single base models from the prominent model highlighted the functions of two neural circuitries: SSRI‐related emotion regulation circuitry, centered on the hippocampus (sensitivity changes: 10%) and amygdala (sensitivity changes: 11%); and SNRI‐related emotion and reward circuitry, centered on the putamen (specificity changes: 8%) and orbital part of superior frontal gyrus (specificity changes: 12%).Data ConclusionThese findings support future research on clinical antidepressant selection for MDD.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Comparison of Aptima and hybrid capture‐2 HPV tests and Pap test in the referral population in Japan
Authors: Kuroki Hiroko , Sakamoto Jinichi , Shibata Takeo , Takakura Masahiro , Sasagawa Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Aptima human papillomavirus (HPV) test (APTIMA) detects E6‐E7 mRNA in abnormal cells in the uterine cervix. To investigate the accuracy of APTIMA for cervical cancer screening in Japan, 423 subjects, mostly referrals with abnormal cytology or being followed up for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1, were screened using two HPV tests, hybrid capture 2 (HC2) and APTIMA, and by the Pap test. Colposcopy was conducted in all subjects with a positive result in either test type. HPV genotyping was performed by Genosearch‐31.A result of atypical squamous cells‐undetermined significance (ASC‐US) or worse on the HC2 test (ASC‐US‐HC2), and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or worse (LSIL+) on the Pap test, was regarded as positive. APTIMA (97.5%) was more sensitive than LSIL+ (85.1%) for detecting CIN2 or worse (CIN2+) (McNemar test; p = .0003), and more sensitive (98.6%) than ASC‐US‐HC2 (92.7%) for detecting CIN3+. APTIMA and HC2 had similar sensitivities. HPV genotyping revealed that CIN2/3 with high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) was overlooked in five cases by ASC‐US‐HC2, and in four cases by HC2, while no such lesions were missed by APTIMA. Thus, APTIMA might be superior to HC2 for primary HPV screening in Japan. One cancer case positive for HPV67 (potentially high risk, [pHR]) was overlooked by Pap test and both HPV tests, suggesting a need for a new HPV test able to detect pHR‐HPV types.
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction training modulates striatal and cerebellar connectivity
Authors: Santarnecchi Emiliano , Egiziano Eutizio , D’Arista Sicilia , Gardi Concetta , Romanella Sara M. , Mencarelli Lucia , Rossi Simone , Reda Mario , Rossi Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMindfulness is a meditation practice frequently associated with changes in subjective evaluation of cognitive and sensorial experience, as well as with modifications of brain activity and morphometry. Aside from the anatomical localization of functional changes induced by mindfulness practice, little is known about changes in functional and effective functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity. Here we performed a connectivity fMRI analysis in a group of healthy individuals participating in an 8‐week mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) training program. Data from both a “mind‐wandering” and a “meditation” state were acquired before and after the MBSR course. Results highlighted decreased local connectivity after training in the right anterior putamen and insula during spontaneous mind‐wandering and the right cerebellum during the meditative state. A further effective connectivity analysis revealed (a) decreased modulation by the anterior cingulate cortex over the anterior portion of the putamen, and (b) a change in left and right posterior putamen excitatory input and inhibitory output with the cerebellum, respectively. Results suggest a rearrangement of dorsal striatum functional and effective connectivity in response to mindfulness practice, with changes in cortico‐subcortical‐cerebellar modulatory dynamics. Findings might be relevant for the understanding of widely documented mindfulness behavioral effects, especially those related to pain perception.
USP39 mediates p21‐dependent proliferation and neoplasia of colon cancer cells by regulating the p53/p21/CDC2/cyclin B1 axis
Authors: Yuan Jiahui , Li Xiaomei , Zhang Gongye , Cheng Weipeng , Wang Weiwei , Lei Yongbin , Ma Qiujuan , Song Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUbiquitin‐specific protease 39 (USP39) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and pre‐messenger RNA splicing. Nevertheless, the biological roles and mechanisms of USP39 in colon cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed whether USP39 can be a molecular target for the treatment of colon cancer. Whilst overexpression of USP39 was detected in human colon cancer tissues and cell lines, USP39 knockdown was observed to inhibit the growth and subcutaneous tumor formation of colon cancer cells. Further analysis showed that USP39 knockdown can stabilize p21 by prolonging the half‐life of p21 and by upregulating the promoter activity of p21. The RS domain and USP domain of USP39 were found to play an essential role. Additionally, our findings revealed that USP39 plays a regulatory role in the proliferation of colon cancer cells by the p53/p21/CDC2/cyclin B1 axis in a p21‐dependent manner. Taken together, this study provided the theoretical basis that may facilitate the development of USP39 as a novel potential target of colon cancer therapy.
Are Alberta’s Northern Pike Populations at Risk from Walleye Recovery?
Authors: Paul Andrew J. , Cahill Christopher L. , MacPherson Laura , Sullivan Michael G. , Brown Myles R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Angling catch rates of Walleye Sander vitreus in many lakes across Alberta have increased dramatically in the past 20 years, following their collapse and then recovery after implementation of restrictive harvest regulations. With increased abundance, some anglers are concerned that Walleyes may negatively affect abundance of Northern Pike Esox lucius. To address this hypothesis, we looked at net catch data for each species from 352 surveys in 129 lakes across Alberta between 2000 and 2017. Results were equivocal. Netting data indicated that low-density Northern Pike populations were not associated with high densities of Walleyes when grouped categorically. However, mixed-model quantile regression did support a negative relationship for the two species, but the mechanism is unclear and the strength of the interaction is weak in most cases. In few lakes (≤10%), potentially acceptable reductions in Walleye densities may produce meaningful increases in Northern Pike but uncertainty is substantial. Future Walleye harvest experiments to reduce uncertainty and establish causation are warranted only if Northern Pike are already at moderate to high densities and large reductions in Walleyes (≥75%) are acceptable. For these reasons, increased Walleye harvest is not supported as a management tool for increasing Northern Pike populations or enhancing angler catch rates in Alberta.
Preclinical study testing feasibility and technical requirements for successful telerobotic long distance peripheral vascular intervention
Authors: Legeza Peter , Sconzert Kalyna , Sungur John‐Michael , Loh Thomas M. , Britz Gavin , Lumsden Alan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted endovascular surgery enables us to perform interventions from long distances. This study evaluates the workflow and telecommunication requirements of telerobotic peripheral vascular interventions.MethodsTen superficial femoral artery cases were performed by the operator being 44 miles away from the interventional suite, with an endovascular robotic system, on a high‐fidelity endovascular simulator. Procedural success, technical success, fluoroscopy time, residual stenosis, contrast dose and network delay were registered. Communication success was assessed after each procedure on a scale from 1 (unacceptable) to 5 (ideal).ResultsProcedural success and technical success were 100% and 80%, respectively. The mean residual stenosis, fluoroscopy time and contrast dose were 1.7 ± 5.25%, 6.5 ± 1.8 min and 58.8 ± 14.8 ml. The mean network latency was 38.9 ± 3.5 ms. Median communication success scores were 4.5 (min: 4, max: 5) reported by both the operator and the bedside technician on a scale of 1 (unacceptable) to 5 (ideal).ConclusionWith a stable network connection and good communication protocol, a high success rate was achieved for remote robotic‐assisted peripheral vascular intervention in an ex vivo model.
The political economy of state responses to infectious disease
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Duncan Thomas K. , Hall Abigail R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow can public policy best deal with infectious disease? In answering this question, scholarship on the optimal control of infectious disease adopts the model of a benevolent social planner who maximizes social welfare. This approach, which treats the social health planner as a unitary “public health brain” standing outside of society, removes the policymaking process from economic analysis. This paper opens the black box of the social health planner by extending the tools of economics to the policymaking process itself. We explore the nature of the economic problem facing policymakers and the epistemic constraints they face in trying to solve that problem. Additionally, we analyze the incentives facing policymakers in their efforts to address infectious diseases and consider how they affect the design and implementation of public health policy. Finally, we consider how unanticipated system effects emerge due to interventions in complex systems, and how these effects can undermine well‐intentioned efforts to improve human welfare. We illustrate the various dynamics of the political economy of state responses to infectious disease by drawing on a range of examples from the COVID‐19 pandemic.