bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a Thermosensitive In Situ Gel Nanoemulsion for Nose to Brain Delivery of Temozolomide
Authors: Bayanati Masoumeh , Khosroshahi Abolfazl Ghafouri , Alvandi Maryam , Mahboobian Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

In this study, a thermosensitive in situ gel nanoemulsion was formulated by a low energy method for intranasal delivery of temozolomide to bypass the blood-brain barrier and optimize chemotherapy for glioblastoma. Various amounts of Labrasol, Transcutol®P, and Triacetin were chosen as nanoemulsion components based on the solubility and the partial pseudoternary phase diagrams studies. Poloxamer derivatives added to the selected nanoemulsion and gelling temperature optimized. The prepared in situ gel nanoemulsion containing temozolomide showed a mean droplet size of

16.25
±
0.44

nm

, a polydispersity index value of

0.35
±
0.01

, and desirable pH and viscosity. In vitro release studies revealed that both nanoemulsion and in situ gel preparation have sustained release pattern in comparison to the control solution. Visual evaluation and droplet size and polydispersity index measurements showed both nanoemulsion and in situ gel nanoemulsion were stable during heating-cooling and freeze-thaw cycles and also centrifugation. Mucoadhesion percentage of in situ gel nanoemulsion was

37.037
±
2.32

regarding ex vivo studies, which had a significant rise in comparison to control solution and nanoemulsion. Permeation across the nasal mucosa was 1.43- and 1.52-fold higher than the control solution for nanoemulsion and in situ nanoemulsion, respectively. Gamma scintigraphy study showed brain accumulation of developed nanoemulsion formulations. Our studies demonstrated optimized formulation has suitable physicochemical properties, desirable release profile, enhanced permeation across the nasal mucosa, and prolonged resistance time at the nasal mucosa. Therefore, in situ gel nanoemulsion would be an effective novel nasal delivery system for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Stability Analysis and Reasonable Layout of Floor Drainage Roadway above Confined Water and under Mining Influence
Authors: Guo Xiaofei , Li Yongen , Zhou Guangdong , He Zengji , Yu Haoran , Xu Yichang 
Published: March 2021

The surrounding rock failure range of floor drainage roadway under the mining influence and its effect on the aquiclude are the key to determine the aquiclude thickness of the floor. This paper studied the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock plastic zone by the numerical simulation when the floor drainage roadway was located at different positions under the working face and determined the rational position. Results show that (1) when the floor drainage roadway is staggered inward, the floor surrounding rock is prone to appear the butterfly plastic zone under single work face mining. And the butterfly plastic zone increases sharply after being affected by secondary mining of adjacent working face. (2) When the floor drainage roadway is staggered outward, the floor surrounding rock plastic zone extends gently affected by a single working face. And the depth of the plastic zone has no obvious change after being affected by secondary mining of adjacent working face. (3) According to the risk of water inrush, the three layout schemes can be ranked as follows:

stagger

inward

25

m
>
stagger

inward

80

m
>
stagger

outward

15

m

. (4) Considering the floor stress environment, gas extraction efficiency, and water prevention and control, the reasonable location of floor drainage roadway below the No. 11060 working face of Zhaogu No. 2 Coal Mine was finally determined. It was arranged in the sandy mudstone layer on the upper part of L9 limestone under the middle part of coal pillar and was drived along the seam floor.
Identification of a Potential PPAR-Related Multigene Signature Predicting Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wenfang , Chen Zhen , Liu Gang , Dai Yuping , Xu Xuanfu , Ma Duan , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2021

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and part of their target genes have been reported to be related to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prognosis of HCC is not optimistic, and more accurate prognostic markers are needed. This study focused on discovering potential prognostic markers from the PPAR-related gene set. The mRNA data and clinical information of HCC were collected from TCGA and GEO platforms. Univariate Cox and lasso Cox regression analyses were used to screen prognostic genes of HCC. Three genes (MMP1, HMGCS2, and SLC27A5) involved in the PPAR signaling pathway were selected as the prognostic signature of HCC. A formula was established based on the expression values and multivariate Cox regression coefficients of selected genes, that was,

risk

score
=
0.1488
∗
expression

value

of

M
M
P
1
+

−
0.0393

∗
expression

value

of

H
M
G
C
S
2
+

−
0.0479

∗
expression

value

of

S
L
C
27
A
5

. The prognostic ability of the three-gene signature was assessed in the TCGA HCC dataset and verified in three GEO sets (GSE14520, GSE36376, and GSE76427). The results showed that the risk score based on our signature was a risk factor with a HR (hazard ratio) of 2.72 (

95
%
CI

Confidence

Interval

=
1.87
~
3.95

,

p
<
0.001

) for HCC survival. The signature could significantly (

p
<
0.0001

) distinguish high-risk and low-risk patients with poor prognosis for HCC. In addition, we further explored the independence and applicability of the signature with other clinical indicators through multivariate Cox analysis (

p
<
0.001

) and nomogram analysis (

C
‐
index
=
0.709

). The above results indicate that the combination of MMP1, HMGCS2, and SLC27A5 selected from the PPAR signaling pathway could effectively, independently, and applicatively predict the prognosis of HCC. Our research provided new insights to the prognosis of HCC.
Electroanatomic Ratios and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure: Insights from the ASIAN‐HF Registry
Authors: Chyou Janice Y. , Tay Wan Ting , Anand Inder S. , Teng Tiew‐Hwa Katherine , Yap Jonathan J. L. , MacDonald Michael R. , Chopra Vijay , Loh Seet Yoong , Shimizu Wataru , Abidin Imran Zainal ,   ASIAN‐HF Investigators, Richards Arthur Mark , Butler Javed , Lam Carolyn S. P. 
Published: March 2021

Background
QRS duration (QRSd) is a marker of electrical remodeling in heart failure. Anthropometrics and left ventricular size may influence QRSd and, in turn, may influence the association between QRSd and heart failure outcomes.

Methods and Results

Using the prospective, multicenter, multinational ASIAN‐HF (Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure) registry, this study evaluated whether electroanatomic ratios (QRSd indexed for height or left ventricular end‐diastole volume) are associated with 1‐year mortality in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The study included 4899 individuals (aged 60±19 years, 78% male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction: 27.3±7.1%). In the overall cohort, QRSd was not associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.003; 95% CI, 0.999–1.006,
P
=0.142) or sudden cardiac death (HR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.000–1.013,
P
=0.059). QRS/height was associated with all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.165; 95% CI, 1.046–1.296,
P
=0.005 with interaction by sex

p
interaction

=0.020) and sudden cardiac death (HR, 1.270; 95% CI, 1.021–1.580,
P
=0.032). QRS/left ventricular end‐diastole volume was associated with all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05–1.43,
P
=0.011) and sudden cardiac death (HR, 1.461; 95% CI, 1.090–1.957,
P
=0.011) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy but not in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (all‐cause mortality: HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.79–1.11,
P
=0.467; sudden cardiac death: HR, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.477–1.132,
P
=0.162).

Conclusions
Electroanatomic ratios of QRSd indexed for body size or left ventricular size are associated with mortality in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In particular, increased QRS/height may be a marker of high risk in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and QRS/left ventricular end‐diastole volume may further risk stratify individuals with nonischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Registration

URL:
https://Clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01633398.
Long‐Term Outcome of Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Kubuš Peter , Rubáčková Popelová Jana , Kovanda Jan , Sedláček Kamil , Janoušek Jan 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is rarely used in patients with congenital heart disease, and reported follow‐up is short. We sought to evaluate long‐term impact of CRT in a single‐center cohort of patients with congenital heart disease.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐two consecutive patients with structural congenital heart disease (N=30) or congenital atrioventricular block (N=2), aged median of 12.9 years at CRT with pacing capability device implantation, were followed up for a median of 8.7 years. CRT response was defined as an increase in systemic ventricular ejection fraction or fractional area of change by >10 units and improved or unchanged New York Heart Association class. Freedom from cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, or new transplant listing was 92.6% and 83.2% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from CRT complications, leading to surgical system revision (elective generator replacement excluded) or therapy termination, was 82.7% and 72.2% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The overall probability of an uneventful therapy continuation was 76.3% and 58.8% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. There was a significant increase in ejection fraction/fractional area of change (
P
<0.001) mainly attributable to patients with systemic left ventricle (
P
=0.002) and decrease in systemic ventricular end‐diastolic dimensions (
P
<0.05) after CRT. New York Heart Association functional class improved from a median 2.0 to 1.25 (
P
<0.001). Long‐term CRT response was present in 54.8% of patients at last follow‐up and was more frequent in systemic left ventricle (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
CRT in patients with congenital heart disease was associated with acceptable survival and long‐term response in ≈50% of patients. Probability of an uneventful CRT continuation was modest.
Fitness, Fatness, and Mortality in Men and Women From the UK Biobank: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tarp Jakob , Grøntved Anders , Sanchez‐Lastra Miguel A. , Dalene Knut Eirik , Ding Ding , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiorespiratory fitness may moderate the association between obesity and all‐cause mortality (ie, the “fat‐but‐fit” hypothesis), but unaddressed sources of bias are a concern.

Methods and Results
Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated as watts per kilogram from a submaximal bicycle test in 77 169 men and women from the UK Biobank cohort and combined with World Health Organization standard body mass index categories, yielding 9 unique fitness‐fatness combinations. We also formed fitness‐fatness combinations based on bioimpedance as a direct measure of body composition. All‐cause mortality was ascertained from death registries. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs. We examined the association between fitness‐fatness combinations and all‐cause mortality in models with progressively more conservative approaches for accounting for reverse causation, misclassification of body composition, and confounding. Over a median follow‐up of 7.7 years, 1731 participants died. In our base model, unfit men and women had higher risk of premature mortality irrespective of levels of adiposity, compared with the normal weight–fit reference. This pattern was attenuated but maintained with more conservative approaches in men, but not in women. In analysis stratified by sex and excluding individuals with prevalent major chronic disease and short follow‐up and using direct measures of body composition, mortality risk was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.17–2.71) times higher in unfit‐obese men but not higher in obese‐fit men (0.94 [95% CI, 0.60–1.48]). In contrast, there was no increased risk in obese‐unfit women (1.09 [95% CI, 0.44–1.05]) as compared with the reference.

Conclusions
Cardiorespiratory fitness modified the association between obesity and mortality in men, but this pattern appeared susceptible to biases in women.
Body size, habitat quality, and territory defense in Bachman’s sparrow
Authors: Niederhauser Joseph M. , Slevin Morgan C. , Noonburg Erik G. , Anderson Rindy C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many wild populations of animals conform to the ideal despotic distribution (IDD) in which more competitive individuals exclude less competitive individuals from high quality resources. Body size and aggressiveness are two important traits for resource defense, and they positively covary so that larger individuals are usually more aggressive. Using Bachman’s sparrows, we tested the hypothesis that larger birds are more aggressive and are thus able to compete for the best quality territories. We found that larger males were more aggressive, and more aggressive birds fledged at least one young. However, we did not find consistent relationships between aggressiveness and habitat characteristics. Our results suggest that Bachman’s sparrows meet most of the predictions of the IDD. Frequent ecological disturbances, such as fires, might disrupt the IDD or make it difficult to detect. Additional studies are needed to test for relationships between ecological disturbances and territorial behaviour.
Bursaphelenchus parayongensis n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in packaging wood from China
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Schönfeld Ute , Ma Xinxin , Lü Xiaoling 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Bursaphelenchus parayongensis n. sp. was isolated from packaging wood of a consignment from China exported to Germany. The new species is characterised by the lateral field with three lines, 9-13 μm long stylet with small basal swellings, and the excretory pore located near the posterior part of metacorpus. The male spicules are mitten-shaped, the lamina smoothly tapers towards the distal tip. The condylus is broadly rounded, with a small dorsally bent hook, rostrum triangular with sharply pointed tip, and without cucullus. One precloacal papilla, one adcloacal pair and two postcloacal pairs of male papillae present, with the posteriormost pair forming ‘gland papillae’. Bursal flap long, spade-like with posterior margin truncate or irregular. Females have a small vulval flap of 2-3 μm long, and a post-vulval uterine sac extending for 55-77% of the vulva to anus distance. Tail cylindrical, mostly (about 70%) with a robust mucron, very short to less than 3 μm, but occasionally tail terminus bluntly rounded, without mucron. It is similar to species in subgroup 3 of the eggersi group including B. carpini, B. clavicauda, B. cryphali and B. yongensis, but morphologically different. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on partial 18S, ITS and D2-D3 region of 28S sequences has confirmed the status of this nematode as a new species.
Lessening Anti-Jewish Hate Speech in Service of the Egyptian Regime: State Media under Mubārak, Re-Examined
Authors: Lavie Limor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article aims a spotlight at an unusual chapter in the development of the Egyptian regimes’ policy toward antisemitism in the state media. While the various regimes allowed anti-Jewish speech in the governmental media since its nationalization by the Nasserite regime and used it for acquiring legitimacy, this article points to a different policy adopted by the Mubārak regime, following 11 September 2001. From the end of 2002, the Egyptian regime redirected the journalistic editing guidelines to cease anti-Jewish hate speech, resulting in a considerable decrease in the volume of anti-Jewish expressions and desecration of the Holocaust memory, until Mubārak’s downfall in 2011. This change was motivated by the regime’s concern for its political survival and economic interests, which were endangered by the democratization policy of the Bush Administration that linked the effort to combat terrorism and anti-Americanism in the Middle East with the struggle against antisemitism.
Liberal Islamic Theology in Conservative Russia: Taufik Ibragim’s “Qurʾānic Humanism”
Authors: Kemper Michael , Sibgatullina Gulnaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article studies the work of the Moscow-based Syrian academic scholar Taufik Ibragim. Originally a Marxist historian of Islamic philosophy and kalām, after the end of the ussr Ibragim became one of Russia’s most authoritative scholars also of the Qurʾān and the Islamic tradition more broadly. Since the mid-2000s, Ibragim has publicly propagated the concept of “Qurʾānic humanism”, which is meant to demonstrate the tolerance of the Qurʾān and the humanist character of Islam in general, against Islamic extremism and stagnation in Muslim thought. In his opposition to the dominant political “traditionalism” in Russia’s Islamic landscape, Ibragim links back to the heritage of the Tatar Muslim educational and religious reformers (Jadids) of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Without reference to any other contemporary Islamic thinker, Ibragim advocates a reform of Islam to adapt it to the conditions of modern Russia. His interpretations appeal to Russia’s academic elite, as well as to the Jadid-oriented muftiate of the Russian Federation (dumrf) in Moscow, which until recently propagated Ibragim’s concepts against the vague “traditionalism” that other muftiates in the Russian Federation claim to follow. But his insistence on a rational approach to the Qurʾān and his challenging of the authority of ḥadīth have brought Ibragim the enmity of many conservative muftis and Muslim theologians in Russia, and Islamic reformism is under increasing attack.
An Award on Winding-Up Leaving Quantum for a Liquidator-Expert Refused Enforcement
Authors: Abu-Hagras Mostafa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An Egyptian court refused the enforcement of an United Arab Emirates award on winding-up leaving quantum for a liquidator-expert. It explained that the award lacks certainty and failed to determine the sum of the awarded debt; the effects of the award are thus incomplete. The liquidator-expert’s report could not stand a valid instrument for completing such effects. The court has incidentally raised the issue of the arbitrator’s failure to render an award eligible for forced execution.
Allergen diagnosis strategy: An experimental application of different methods in Guangzhou, Southern China
Authors: Hu Haisheng , Huang Zhifeng , Luo Wenting , Zou Xiangwei , Chen Hao , Liao Chenxi , Sun Baoqing 
Published: March 2021

Different methods have different diagnostic value under diverse clinical conditions. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical practical value of different assays in different situations and to establish the concept of an allergen diagnosis strategy. This study used Phadia CAP, Advan Sure (AdvS), Euroline Camera (ELC), and Allergy Lateral Flow Assay (ALFA) kits to detect allergen specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in the sera from 30 allergic asthma patients, with Phadia CAP as the gold standard. This study found high sensitivity for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in AdvS (92.6%), ELC (88.9%), and ALFA (85.2%), but poor sensitivity for F. domesticus in all three assays. Furthermore, the AdvS, ELC, and ALFA assays could detect 20, 21, and 8 allergens in one panel, respectively. The combination of the results showed that 93.3% and 46.7% of patients tested positive for ≥5 and ≥10 types of allergens, respectively. All patients who were tested positive for the Marine fish mixture were positive for both Shrimp and Crab. Similarly, patients who were tested positive for Chicken also tested positive for Pork. Optimal scale analysis showed a strong connection between Peanut, Soybean, Wheat, Japanese Hop, Western ragweed, and Oak allergens (Cronbach’s α = 91.1%). The ELC assay was more suitable for use in pollen-rich areas, whereas the ALFA assay was easy to establish in areas with poor medical conditions. An allergen diagnosis strategy needs to be considered for use in clinical practice.
Incidence of Postpartum Depression and Its Association With Antenatal Psychiatric Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study in 25 Villages of Rural South Karnataka
Authors: George Meera , Johnson Avita Rose , Sulekha T.  
Published: March 2021

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the commonest mental health disorder post-childbirth, yet there is a paucity of data in rural areas regarding the actual incidence of PPD, which excludes pre-existing or antenatal depression. To estimate the incidence of PPD among rural women of south Karnataka and identify predictors of PPD, including antenatal psychiatric disorders. Methods: A longitudinal study in 25 villages in south Karnataka among 150 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy using simple random sampling. Baseline data collected and revised Clinical Interview Schedule used to screen antenatal psychiatric disorders. Participants followed-up 6–8 weeks postpartum, end-line data collected, and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale administered. Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests for association between PPD and covariates. Logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios. Results: Prevalence of antenatal psychiatric disorders was 15.3%. The incidence of PPD was 11%. A significantly higher proportion of PPD was found among women with adverse events in the last year, low socioeconomic status, and perceived lack of care/support at home. Predictors of PPD were antenatal psychiatric disorders (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.22–5.11; P = 0.028), mothers reporting worry about their infant’s health (AOR = 7.7, 95% CI = 1.22–48.32; P = 0.012) and mothers receiving postpartum care by caregivers other than their own mother (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.13–8.09; P = 0.030). Conclusions: Our study found that one in ten rural women is developing PPD and there is a strong link between PPD and antenatal psychiatric disorders and family factors. This calls for capacity building of general physicians and village-level workers and strengthening of the Home-Based Newborn Care Program, where weekly postpartum home visits by ASHA are an opportunity for screening and counselling mothers.