bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-based radiomics: current status, challenges and future opportunities
Authors: Jia Yingying , Yang Jun , Zhu Yangyang , Nie Fang , Wu HaoAO , Duan Ying , Chen Kundi 
Published: November 2021

Ultrasound (US) imaging is part of conventional medical imaging in clinical practice that is low-cost, non-ionizing, portable and capable of real-time image acquisition and display. However, in certain cases, US has limited sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions. Ultrasound-based radiomics, as a new branch of radiomics, can provide additional features such as heterogeneity of lesions that are invisible to the naked eye, alone or in combination with demographic, histological, genomic or proteomic data, thereby improving the accuracy of US in diagnosis of disease. This article provides an introduction to ultrasound-based radiomics, covering its workflow, the application of machine learning, and current research status. Current limitations of radiomics, such as consistency of image acquisition, parameter variations, and difficulty in calibrating quantitative methods in ultrasound, will also be covered.
The influence of gender and ethnicity on facemasks and respiratory protective equipment fit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chopra Jagrati , Abiakam Nkemjika , Kim Hansung , Metcalf Cheryl , Worsley Peter , Cheong Ying 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionBlack, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) has conventionally been developed for a predominantly white male population that does not represent the healthcare workforce. The literature was reviewed to determine the protection offered to female and BAME users.MethodsFive databases were searched. Eligible studies related to respirator fit in the context of anthropometrics, gender and ethnicity. Meta-analysis was performed for gender-based anthropometric differences. A priori protocol registration was not performed.Results32 studies were included and anthropometric data was extracted from 15 studies. Meta-analysis revealed 14 anthropometric measurements were significantly smaller for females. Mean differences ranged from 0.37 mm to 22.05 mm. Gender-based anthropometric differences did not always translate to lower fit factor scores, with 12 studies reporting worse performance and fit for females and 10 reporting no gender effect. No studies provided disaggregate anthropometric data by ethnic group. Pass rates (PR) were low or moderate in 12 BAME or mixed-ethnicity cohorts. 14 studies reported associations between facial dimensions (FD) and respirator fit. Three comparative studies showed lower PR among selective BAME people. 18 studies reported RPE performance differed with model and design. Most studies did not prespecify inclusion/exclusion criteria. Small sample size and lack of justification or power calculations was a concern. Significant heterogeneity in study designs limited comparisons, particularly relating to respirator selection or availability and defining study outcomes relating to RPE performance.ConclusionThe literature reports on largely Caucasian or single ethnic populations, and BAME people remain under-represented, limiting comparisons between ethnic groups. Facial anthropometrics vary between gender and likely between ethnicity, which may contribute to lower PR among females and ethnic minorities, particularly Asians. There is a need for studies including a broader spectrum of ethnicities and for consideration of female and BAME users during RPE development.
‘You want to deal with power while riding on power’: global perspectives on power in participatory health research and co-production approaches
Authors: Egid Beatrice R , Roura María , Aktar Bachera , Amegee Quach Jessica , Chumo Ivy , Dias Sónia , Hegel Guillermo , Jones Laundette , Karuga Robinson , Lar Luret , López Yaimie , Pandya Apurvakumar , Norton Theresa C , Sheikhattari Payam , Tancred Tara , Wallerstein Nina , Zimmerman Emily , Ozano Kim 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionPower relations permeate research partnerships and compromise the ability of participatory research approaches to bring about transformational and sustainable change. This study aimed to explore how participatory health researchers engaged in co-production research perceive and experience ‘power’, and how it is discussed and addressed within the context of research partnerships.MethodsFive online workshops were carried out with participatory health researchers working in different global contexts. Transcripts of the workshops were analysed thematically against the ‘Social Ecology of Power’ framework and mapped at the micro (individual), meso (interpersonal) or macro (structural) level.ResultsA total of 59 participants, with participatory experience in 24 different countries, attended the workshops. At the micro level, key findings included the rarity of explicit discussions on the meaning and impact of power, the use of reflexivity for examining assumptions and power differentials, and the perceived importance of strengthening co-researcher capacity to shift power. At the meso level, participants emphasised the need to manage co-researcher expectations, create spaces for trusted dialogue, and consider the potential risks faced by empowered community partners. Participants were divided over whether gatekeeper engagement aided the research process or acted to exclude marginalised groups from participating. At the macro level, colonial and ‘traditional’ research legacies were acknowledged to have generated and maintained power inequities within research partnerships.ConclusionsThe ‘Social Ecology of Power’ framework is a useful tool for engaging with power inequities that cut across the social ecology, highlighting how they can operate at the micro, meso and macro level. This study reiterates that power is pervasive, and that while many researchers are intentional about engaging with power, actions and available tools must be used more systematically to identify and address power imbalances in participatory research partnerships, in order to contribute to improved equity and social justice outcomes.
Increasing enrolment in a national VA transitions of care programme: a pre–post evaluation of a data dashboard and nudge-based intervention
Authors: Connelly Brigid , Leonard Chelsea , Gaskin David , Warsavage Theodore , Gilmartin Heather 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe rural transitions nurse programme (TNP) is a care coordination intervention for high-risk veterans. An interactive dashboard was used to provide real-time performance metrics to sites as an audit and feedback tool. One-year post implementation, enrolment goals were not met. Nudge emails were introduced to increase TNP veteran enrolment. This study evaluated whether veteran enrolment increased when feedback occurred through a dashboard plus weekly nudge email versus dashboard alone.Setting/populationThis observational study included veterans who were hospitalised and discharged from four Veterans Health Administration hospitals participating in TNP.MethodsVeteran enrolment counts between the dashboard phase and dashboard plus weekly nudge email phase were compared. Nudge emails included run charts of enrolment data. The difference of means for weekly enrolment between the two phases were calculated. After 3 months of nudge emails, a survey assessing TNP transitions nurse and physician champion perceptions of the nudge emails was distributed.ResultsThe average enrolment for the four TNP sites during the ~20-month dashboard only phase was 4.23 veterans/week. The average during the 3-month dashboard plus nudge email phase was 4.21 veterans/week. The difference in means was −0.03 (p=0.73). Adjusting for time trends had no further effect. Four nurses responded to the survey. Two nurses reported neutral and two reported positive perceptions of the nudge emails.ConclusionDrawing attention to metrics, through nudge emails, maintained, but did not increase TNP veteran discharges compared to dashboard feedback alone.
Qualitative research on the work experience of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)
Authors: Hao Jie , Wang Xiaojuan , Jia Xuedong , Yang Yantao , Du Shuzhang , Yin Zhao 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo understand the work experiences of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for the novel coronavirus pneumonia in China and provide the basis for work management strategies and psychological interventions in pharmacy for prevention and control of future epidemics.MethodsUsing qualitative research methods, 13 pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria and worked in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia attended focus group interviews and semistructured interviews. The Colaizzi analysis method was used for data analysis, summary and induction.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) the roles of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards in epidemic prevention and control, including ensuring the supply of medicines, providing medication guidance for patients, providing medication information for physicians and nurses, and participating in infection control; (2) the difficulties at work, including the lack of office equipment, information equipment and other infrastructure, the difficulty of management of pharmacists in isolation wards, challenging environments, and insufficient attention of hospitals, medical staff, and society to pharmacists; (3) the loopholes in drug management, including the management of special-class drugs and national free AIDS antiviral drugs, and the retrieval of drugs.ConclusionPharmacists have played an essential role in the fight against the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. The themes and experiences identified in this study can offer guidance to the pharmacy society in implementing strategies to prepare for future public health events.
Expert consensus on a standardised definition and severity classification for adverse events associated with spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilisation: protocol for an international e-Delphi study
Authors: Funabashi Martha , Pohlman Katherine A , Gorrell Lindsay M , Salsbury Stacie A , Bergna Andrea , Heneghan Nicola R 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionSpinal and peripheral joint manipulation (SMT) and mobilisation (MOB) are widely used and recommended in the best practice guidelines for managing musculoskeletal conditions. Although adverse events (AEs) have been reported following these interventions, a clear definition and classification system for AEs remains unsettled. With many professionals using SMT and MOB, establishing consensus on a definition and classification system is needed to assist with the assimilation of AEs data across professions and to inform research priorities to optimise safety in clinical practice.Methods and analysisThis international multidisciplinary electronic Delphi study protocol is informed by a scoping review and in accordance with the ‘Guidance on Conduction and Reporting Delphi Studies’. With oversight from an expert steering committee, the study comprises three rounds using online questionnaires. Experts in manual therapy and patient safety meeting strict eligibility criteria from the following fields will be invited to participate: clinical, medical and legal practice, health records, regulatory bodies, researchers and patients. Round 1 will include open-ended questions on participants’ working definition and/or understanding of AEs following SMT and MOB and their severity classification. In round 2, participants will rate their level of agreement with statements generated from round 1 and our scoping review. In round 3, participants will rerate their agreement with statements achieving consensus in round 2. Statements reaching consensus must meet the a priori criteria, as determined by descriptive analysis. Inferential statistics will be used to evaluate agreement between participants and stability of responses between rounds. Statements achieving consensus in round 3 will provide an expert-derived definition and classification system for AEs following SMT and MOB.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College Research Ethics Board and deemed exempt by Parker University’s Institutional Review Board. Results will be disseminated through scientific, professional and educational reports, publications and presentations.
Single-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, superiority study to evaluate the effectiveness of general anaesthesia and ultrasound-guided transversus thoracis muscle plane block combination in adult cardiac surgery for reducing the surgical stress response: clinical trial protocol
Authors: Jaya A A Gde Putra Semara , Tantri Aida Rosita , Heriwardito Aldy , Mansjoer Arif 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAdult open-heart surgery is a major surgery that causes surgical stress response and activation of the immune system, contributing further to postoperative complications. Transversus thoracis muscle plane block (TTPB) may potentially benefit in reducing the surgical stress response. This study aims to know the effectiveness of preoperative TTPB in adult open-heart surgery for reducing the surgical stress response.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, double-blind, randomised control trial comparing the combination of general anaesthesia and TTPB versus general anaesthesia only in adult open-heart surgery. Forty-two eligible subjects will be randomly assigned to the TTPB group or control group. The primary outcomes are the difference between the two groups in the means of postoperative cortisol and interleukin-6 plasma levels at 24 hours and 48 hours after cardiac intensive care unit admission. The secondary outcomes are the difference between the two groups in the means of total 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption and time of first postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) dose.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and informed consent forms have been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The result will be released to the medical community through presentation and publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04544254.
How do middle-aged and older adults with chronic hip pain view their health problem and its care? A protocol for a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Haber Travis , Hinman Rana S , Dobson Fiona , Bunzli Samantha , Hall Michelle 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionChronic hip pain in middle-aged and older adults is common and disabling. Patient-centred care of chronic hip pain requires a comprehensive understanding of how people with chronic hip pain view their health problem and its care. This paper outlines a protocol to synthesise qualitative evidence of middle-aged and older adults" views, beliefs, expectations and preferences about their chronic hip pain and its care.Methods and analysisWe will perform a qualitative evidence synthesis using a framework approach. We will conduct this study in accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of Qualitative research checklist. We will search MEDLINE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and PsycINFO using a comprehensive search strategy. A priori selection criteria include qualitative studies involving samples with a mean age over 45 and where 80% or more have chronic hip pain. Two or more reviewers will independently screen studies for eligibility, assess methodological strengths and limitations using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative studies checklist, perform data extraction and synthesis and determine ratings of confidence in each review finding using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation—Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach. Data extraction and synthesis will be guided by the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation. All authors will contribute to interpreting, refining and finalising review findings. This protocol is registered on PROSPERO and reported according to the PRISMA Statement for Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review as primary data will not be collected. The findings of the review will be disseminated through publication in an academic journal and scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO registration number: CRD42021246305.
Multicentre service evaluation of presentation of newly diagnosed cancers and type 1 diabetes in children in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Williams Gemma , McLean Ross , Liu Jo-Fen , Ritzmann Timothy A , Dandapani Madhumita , Shanmugavadivel Dhurgshaarna , Sachdev Pooja , Brougham Mark , Mitchell Rod T , Conway Nicholas T , Law James , Cunnington Alice , Ogunnaike Gbemi , Brougham Karen , Bayman Elizabeth , Walker David 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in patterns of presentation to emergency departments. Child health professionals were concerned that this could contribute to the delayed diagnosis of life-threatening conditions, including childhood cancer (CC) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Our multicentre, UK-based service evaluation assessed diagnostic intervals and disease severity for these conditions.MethodsWe collected presentation route, timing and disease severity for children with newly diagnosed CC in three principal treatment centres and T1DM in four centres between 1 January and 31 July 2020 and the corresponding period in 2019. Total diagnostic interval (TDI), patient interval (PI), system interval (SI) and disease severity across different time periods were compared.ResultsFor CCs and T1DM, the route to diagnosis and severity of illness at presentation were unchanged across all time periods. Diagnostic intervals for CCs during lockdown were comparable to that in 2019 (TDI 4.6, PI 1.1 and SI 2.1 weeks), except for an increased PI in January–March 2020 (median 2.7 weeks). Diagnostic intervals for T1DM during lockdown were similar to that in 2019 (TDI 16 vs 15 and PI 14 vs 14 days), except for an increased PI in January–March 2020 (median 21 days).ConclusionsThere is no evidence of diagnostic delay or increased illness severity for CC or T1DM, during the first phase of the pandemic across the participating centres. This provides reassuring data for children and families with these life-changing conditions.
Driving under the influence: a multi-center evaluation of vehicular crashes in the era of cannabis legalization
Authors: Borst Johanna Marie , Costantini Todd W , Reilly Lindsay , Smith Alan M , Stabley Robert , Steele John , Wintz Diane , Bansal Vishal , Biffl Walter L , Godat Laura N 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundEleven states have instituted laws allowing recreational cannabis use leading to growing public health concerns surrounding the effects of cannabis intoxication on driving safety. We hypothesized that after the 2016 legalization of cannabis in California, the use among vehicular injury patients would increase and be associated with increased injury severity.MethodsSan Diego County’s five adult trauma center registries in were queried from January 2010 to June 2018 for motor vehicle or motorcycle crash patients with completed toxicology screens. Patients were stratified as toxicology negative (TOX−), positive for only THC (THC+), only blood alcohol >0.08% (ETOH+), THC+ETOH, or THC+ with any combination with methamphetamine or cocaine (M/C). County medical examiner data were reviewed to characterize THC use in those with deaths at the scene of injury.ResultsOf the 11,491 patients identified, there were 61.6% TOX−, 11.7% THC+, 13.7% ETOH+, 5.0% THC+ETOH, and 7.9% M/C. THC+ increased from 7.3% to 14.8% over the study period and peaked at 14.9% post-legalization in 2017. Compared with TOX− patients, THC+ patients were more likely to be male and younger. THC+ patients were also less likely to wear seatbelts (8.5% vs 14.3%, p<0.001) and had increased mean Injury Severity Score (8.4±9.4 vs 9.0±9.9, p<0.001) when compared with TOX− patients. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between groups. From the medical examiner data of the 777 deaths on scene, 27% were THC+.DiscussionTHC+ toxicology screens in vehicular injury patients peaked after the 2016 legalization of cannabis. Public education on the risks of driving under the influence of cannabis should be a component of injury prevention initiatives.Level of evidenceIII, Prognostic
In Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemical Doping of Monolayer Graphene at Micro-Scale
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Sonia Farjana J. , Velický Matěj , Kalbac Martin , Frank Otakar 
Published: November 2021

The chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene with large monolayer coverage is preferred for applications over the mechanical cleavage of graphite. Large-area graphene has a lot of potential in electrochemical applications, e.g., as electrodes for supercapacitors, smart windows etc. However, in contrast to the almost perfect cleaved graphene, the CVD samples are more heterogeneous and contain many defects and topographic features originating from the transfer process, all of which may influence the properties of the material. Therefore, it is important to study the electrochemical doping of graphene with such a lateral resolution that enables the assessment of the influence of the local structure on the electrochemical performance. The recently developed micro-droplet in-situ Raman spectroelectrochemical technique was used to provide insights into localized structural changes as a function of electrochemical doping as well as
other parasitic redox reactions at small area (few hundreds μm2) of the 1L CVD graphene. In all cases, we observed an extensive shift of the G peak with the disappearance of 2D peak and appearance of defects at higher potentials. The Raman frequency of the G peak was shifted by up to ⁓30 cm-1 for hole doping with all monovalent (LiCl, LiClO4,) divalent (Zn ClO4) and multivalent (AlCl3, Al(ClO4)3, Al(NO3)3) electrolyte salts. In addition, the onset potential of the defect formation and the initial doping state (the latter assessed from the G/2D frequency analysis) were studied.

Keywords:
CVD Graphene, electrochemical doping, concentrated electrolytes,