bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Enteral Nutrition Within 24 Hours Versus Between 24 and 48 Hours in Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Nakashima Ikue , Horibe Masayasu , Sanui Masamitsu , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Sawano Hirotaka , Goto Takashi , Ikeura Tsukasa , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Oda Takuya , Yasuda Hideto , Ogura Yuki , Miyazaki Dai , Kitamura Katsuya , Chiba Nobutaka , Ozaki Tetsu , Yamashita Takahiro , Koinuma Toshitaka , Oshima Taku , Yamamoto Tomonori , Hirota Morihisa , Moriya Takashi , Shirai Kunihiro , Izai Junko , Takeda Kazunori , Sekino Motohiro , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kanai Takanori , Mayumi Toshihiko 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
In patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), early enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended by major clinical practice guidelines, but the exact timing for the initiation of EN is unknown.

Methods
We conducted a post hoc analysis of the database for a multicenter (44 institutions) retrospective study of patients with SAP in Japan. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the timing of EN initiation after the diagnosis of SAP: within 24 hours, between 24 and 48 hours, and more than 48 hours. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Results
Of the 1094 study patients, 176, 120, and 798 patients started EN within 24 hours, between 24 and 48 hours, and more than 48 hours after SAP diagnosis, respectively. On multivariable analysis, hospital mortality was significantly better with EN within 48 hours than with more than 48 hours (adjusted odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.83; P < 0.001) but did not significantly differ between the groups with EN starting within 24 hours and between 24 and 48 hours (P = 0.29).

Conclusions
Enteral nutrition within 24 hours may not confer any additional benefit on clinical outcomes compared with EN between 24 and 48 hours.
Case Report: Peripheral Retinal Ischemia and Retinal Neovascularization in von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Quan Steven C. , Skondra Dimitra 
Published: April 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Although von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, there are only a few published reports of ocular complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case of peripheral retinal ischemia and retinal neovascularization in a patient with von Willebrand disease.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to demonstrate the value of multispecialty care when exploring a diagnosis for bilateral retinopathy.

CASE REPORT
A 55-year-old African American woman presented with peripheral retinal hemorrhages on routine examination. She was asymptomatic and did not have any personal or family history of bleeding disorders. Blood work was ordered, and she was referred to a retinal specialist who found peripheral telangiectasia, retinal ischemia, and leakage on fluorescein angiography, consistent with retinal neovascularization. Laser photocoagulation was performed while numerous specialists were consulted to determine the cause for her retinopathy. Laboratory testing confirmed low-grade type 1 von Willebrand disease. She was monitored without systemic treatment. She remained stable and asymptomatic, but her retinal neovascularization did not regress fully, so laser treatment was repeated.

CONCLUSIONS
This case described a new finding of peripheral retinal ischemia and retinal neovascularization in von Willebrand disease. It was discovered in an asymptomatic patient who did not have a history of bleeding but presented with bilateral retinal hemorrhages. Diagnosis was challenging because of the high degree of variation in this bleeding disorder, requiring extensive testing and careful consideration of the individual's clinical profile. Most people with von Willebrand disease do not know they have the disease because symptoms are mild or absent, so most cases are unreported. The von Willebrand factor is poorly recognized in ocular disease, but given its role in angiogenesis, it may be a valuable target to consider in future research.
Low Vision and Dry Eye: Does One Diagnosis Overshadow the Other?
Authors: Bitton Etty , Arsenault Roxanne , Bourbonnière-Sirard Geneviève , Wittich Walter 
Published: April 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
The prevalence of dry eye disease and low vision increases with age; they share risk factors and can be the result of underlying common causes. They are generally studied separately; however, combining these perspectives is relevant for research on assistive technology given that sustained focus affects the tear film because of decreased blinking rates.

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to elucidate to which extent dry eye disease risk factors, signs, and symptoms are assessed in low vision patients who receive an eye examination as part of their vision rehabilitation services.

METHODS
Using a retrospective chart review, dry eye disease risk factors, signs, or symptoms were extracted from 201 randomly selected files that contained an eye examination in the past 5 years from two vision rehabilitation centers.

RESULTS
Demographic variables of charts from the two sites did not differ (mean visual acuity, 0.85 logMAR [standard deviation, 0.53; range, 0 to 2.3]; mean age, 71.2 years [standard deviation, 19 years; range, 24 to 101 years]). Fifty charts (25%) mentioned at least one dry eye disease symptom. Sixty-one charts (30.3%) reported systemic medications that can exacerbate dry eye disease, whereas 99 (49.2%) contained at least one systemic disease thought to contribute to dry eye disease symptoms; 145 (72.1%) mentioned at least one type of ocular surgery. Artificial tears were documented in 74 charts (36.8%). Few specific dry eye tests were performed, with the exception of corneal integrity assessment reported in 18 charts (8.95%).

CONCLUSIONS
Low vision patients have multiple risk factors for dry eye disease; however, dry eye disease tests were not frequently performed in comprehensive low vision eye examinations in this sample. More efforts should be made to assess dry eye disease to enhance comfort and functional vision, especially with the increasing demands of digital devices as visual aids.
A Novel Stimulus to Improve Perimetric Sampling within the Macula in Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Alluwimi Muhammed S. , Swanson William H. , King Brett J. 
Published: April 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Identifying glaucomatous damage to the macula has become important for diagnosing and managing patients with glaucoma. In this study, we presented an approach that provides better perimetric sampling for the macular region, by testing four locations, with a good structure-function agreement.

PURPOSE
We previously presented a basis for customizing perimetric locations within the macula. In this study, we aimed to improve perimetric sampling within the macula by presenting a stimulus at four locations, with maintaining a good structure-function agreement.

METHODS
We tested one eye each of 30 patients (aged 50 to 88 years). Patients were selected based on observed structural damage to the macula, whereas perimetric defect (using 24-2) did not reflect the locations and extent of this damage. We used en face images to visualize retinal nerve fiber bundle defects. To measure perimetric sensitivities, we used a blob stimulus (standard deviation of 0.25°) at the 10-2 locations. A perimetric defect for a location was defined as any value equal to or deeper than −4, −5, and −6 dB below the mean sensitivity for 37 age-similar controls (aged 47 to 78 years). We also presented an elongated sinusoidal stimulus for 20 patients at four locations within the macula, in which we defined a perimetric defect as any value below the 2.5th percentile from controls.

RESULTS
The −4, −5, and −6 dB criteria identified perimetric defects in 14, 13, and 11 patients, respectively. When testing with the elongated stimulus, 18 patients were identified with perimetric defect. The perimetric defects were consistent with the structural damage.

CONCLUSIONS
The elongated stimulus showed a good structure-function agreement with only four testing locations as compared with 68 locations used with the blob stimulus. This demonstrates a clinical potential for this new stimulus in the next generation of perimetry.
The Impact of Incubation Conditions on In Vitro Phosphatidylcholine Deposition on Contact Lens Materials
Authors: Walther Hendrik , Lorentz Holly , Heynen Miriam , Kay Lise , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: April 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Previous in vitro measurements of contact lenses commonly investigate the impact of nonpolar tear film lipids (i.e., sterols). Polar lipids, however, are equally important stabilizing components of the tear film. This research explores and presents further knowledge about various aspects of polar lipid uptake that may impact contact lens performance.

PURPOSE
This study evaluated the impact of incubation time, lipid concentration, and replenishment of an artificial tear solution (ATS) on the uptake of phosphatidylcholine (PC) onto conventional hydrogel (CH) and silicone hydrogel (SH) contact lens materials.

METHODS
Four SHs and two CH lens materials (n = 4) were soaked in a complex ATS containing radioactive 14C-PC as a probe molecule. Phosphatidylcholine uptake was monitored at various incubation time points (1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days), with different ATS lipid concentrations (0.5×, 1×, 2×) and with and without regular replenishment of the ATS. Phosphatidylcholine was extracted from the lenses, processed, and counted by a β counter, and accumulated PC (μg/lens) was extrapolated from standard lipid calibration curves.

RESULTS
All materials exhibited increasing PC deposition over time. Conventional hydrogel materials showed significantly lower PC uptake rates (P < .001) than any of the SH materials. Increasing lipid concentration in the ATS resulted in increased PC binding onto the contact lens materials (P < .001). Replenishing the ATS every other day, however, impacted the PC deposition differently, showing increased binding (P < .001) on CHs and reduced PC deposition for SH materials (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Length of incubation, lipid concentration in the ATS, and renewal of the incubation solution all influenced the amount of PC that sorbed onto various lens materials and therefore need to be considered when conducting future in vitro deposition studies.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXVII
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Framework for Safe, Reliable, and Effective Care (Framework) and the combined TeamSTEPPS and CUSP programs have many similarities to improve safety including the use of teams, excellent communication, safety culture, engaging patients, and leadership. However, the Framework has a focus on the Model for Improvement, and the TeamSTEPPS and CUSP programs emphasize other subjects including handoffs, the membership of teams, coaching, and spreading changes.
Thoracic Extradural Paraganglioma Localized on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT
Authors: Sachani Hemant , Tripathi Madhavi , Madhusudan Kumble Seetharama , Semalti Kapil , Shanker Shiv , ArunRaj Sreedharan Thankarajan , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with complaints of headache and palpitations with raised urinary catecholamines. Ultrasound of the abdomen was noncontributory, and the patient was referred for 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT, which revealed tracer accumulation in the thecal sac/spinal canal at D5–D7 level, suggestive of a thoracic paraganglioma. MRI of the spine subsequently confirmed the presence of an extradural mass in the spinal canal extending from D4 to D8.
Metanephric Adenoma Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma on 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT
Authors: Gong Jing , Dong Aisheng , Shao Chengwei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Metanephric adenoma is a rare benign renal tumor. A 49-year-old woman presented with a left renal pelvic mass detected by ultrasound. Enhanced CT of the kidney showed slight enhancement of the mass. For characterization of the mass, 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT was performed showing photopenia of the mass. Renal cell carcinoma was suspected. The mass was removed surgically. Metanephric adenoma was confirmed by histopathology. This case indicates that metanephric adenoma can appear cold on 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT, mimicking renal cell carcinoma.
Clostridioides difficile toxins enhanced the in vitro production of CXC chemokine ligand 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α via Toll-like receptors in macrophages
Authors: McKee Hiroe Konishi , Kajiwara Chiaki , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Ishii Yoshikazu , Shimizu Norikazu , Ohara Akira , Tateda Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Introduction.Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) causes toxin-mediated enteropathy, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. Rho-glucosylating toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) have been clearly implicated in pathogenesis, whereas the virulence of binary toxin (CDT) is still debated.Hypothesis statement.We hypothesized that CDT is involved in the host immune response and plays a pivotal role in establishing virulence by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production; this is achieved through the integral Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways.Aim.The aim of the present study was to determine whether and how CDT impacts macrophages compared to TcdA or TcdB by examining the induction of CXC chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), both of which are crucial in mediating local and systematic inflammatory responses.Methodology.RAW264.7 cells or transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 T cells were incubated with TcdA, TcdB, or CDT. In some experiments, a neutralizing antibody against TLR2 or TLR4, or myeloid differentiation 88 inhibitory peptide were added. The amount of CXCL2 and TNF-α secreted was then measured.Results.In RAW264.7 macrophages, CXCL2 and TNF-α were produced via the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway in a TcdA, TcdB, or CDT dose-dependent manner. Interleukin-8 secretion was induced in TLR4/MD2/CD14-transfected, but not in TLR2-transfected, HEK 293 T cells following TcdB or CDT exposure.Conclusion.Our results showed thatC. difficiletoxins, including CDT, enhanced macrophage-mediated CXCL2 and TNF-α production via TLR2 and TLR4, indicating that CDT affects host immune responses.
Suboptimal response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in hematologic malignancies patients
Authors: Agha Mounzer , Blake Maggie , Chilleo Charles , Wells Alan , Haidar Ghady 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudies describing SARS-CoV-2 immune responses following mRNA vaccination in hematology malignancy (HM) patients are virtually non-existent. We measured SARS-CoV-2 IgG production in 67 HM patients who received 2 mRNA vaccine doses. We found that 46% of HM patients did not produce antibodies and were therefore vaccine non-responders. Patients with B-cell CLL were at a particularly high risk, as only 23% had detectable antibodies despite the fact that nearly 70% of these patients were not undergoing cancer therapy. HM patients should be counseled about the ongoing risk of COVID-19 despite vaccination. Routine measurement of post-vaccine antibodies in HM patients should be considered. Novel strategies are needed to prevent COVID-19 in these individuals.
Spatial expression programs of the intestinal follicle-associated epithelium
Authors: Cohen Noam , Massalha Hassan , Ben-Moshe Shani , Egozi Adi , Rozenberg Milena , Halpern Keren Bahar , Itzkovitz Shalev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intestine is lined with isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) that facilitate sampling of luminal antigens to elicit immune responses. Technical challenges related to the scarcity and small sizes of ILFs and their follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) impeded the characterization of their spatial gene expression programs. Here, we combined RNA sequencing of laser capture microdissected tissues with single molecule transcript imaging to obtain a spatial gene expression map of the ILF and its associated FAE in the mouse small intestine. We identified zonated expression programs in both follicles and FAEs, with a decrease in enterocyte anti-microbial and absorption programs and a partial induction of expression programs normally observed at the villus tip. We further identified Lepr+ sub-epithelial telocytes at the FAE top, which are distinct from villus-tip Lgr5+ telocytes. Our analysis exposes the epithelial and mesenchymal cell states associated with ILFs.
LncRNA-UCA1 Alleviates Septic Acute Kidney Injury through Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in LPS-treated HK-2 Cells
Authors: Yu TT , Cai FL , Niu J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveSeptic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis. This study sought to explore the function of the long noncoding RNA, urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (lncRNA-UCA1), in septic AKI and determine the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsHK-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish anin vitromodel of septic AKI. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA-UCA1. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of HK-2 cells. Western blotting was utilized to examine protein expression. The contents of SOD, GSH, MDA, and ROS were determined using commercial kits. The apoptosis rate was calculated using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry.ResultsLncRNA-UCA1 was down-regulated in LPS-treated HK-2 cells. LPS significantly reduced the content of SOD and GSH in HK-2 cells, increased the production of MDA and ROS, and led to an increase in the rate of apoptosis. However, overexpression of lncRNA-UCA1 protected HK-2 cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, LPS induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HK-2 cells, which was inhibited by overexpression of lncRNA-UCA1.ConclusionOverexpression of lncRNA-UCA1 inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of HK-2 cells by suppressing ER stress.
Hda1C restricts the transcription initiation frequency to limit divergent non-coding RNA transcription
Authors: Gowthaman Uthra , Ivanov Maxim , Schwarz Isabel , Patel Heta P. , Müller Niels A. , García-Pichardo Desiré , Lenstra Tineke L. , Marquardt Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) at gene promoters support initiation of RNA Polymerase II transcription. Interestingly, transcription often initiates in both directions, resulting in an mRNA, and a divergent non-coding (DNC) transcript with an unclear purpose. Here, we characterized the genetic architecture and molecular mechanism of DNC transcription in budding yeast. We identified the Hda1 histone deacetylase complex (Hda1C) as a repressor of DNC in high-throughput reverse genetic screens based on quantitative single-cell fluorescence measurements. Nascent transcription profiling showed a genome-wide role of Hda1C in DNC repression. Live-cell imaging of transcription revealed that Hda1C reduced the frequency of DNC transcription. Hda1C contributed to decreased acetylation of histone H3 in DNC regions, supporting DNC repression by histone deacetylation. Our data support the interpretation that DNC results as a consequence of the NDR-based architecture of eukaryotic promoters, but that it is governed by locus-specific repression to maintain genome fidelity.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of finger millet indicates a complex diversification history
Authors: Bančič Jon , Odeny Damaris A. , Ojulong Henry F. , Josiah Samuel M. , Buntjer Jaap , Gaynor R. Chris , Hoad Stephen P. , Gorjanc Gregor , Dawson Ian K. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAdvances in sequencing technologies mean that insights into crop diversification aiding future breeding can now be explored in crops beyond major staples. For the first time, we use a genome assembly of finger millet, an allotetraploid orphan crop, to analyze DArTseq single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the sub-genome level. A set of 8,778 SNPs and 13 agronomic traits characterizing a broad panel of 423 landrace accessions from Africa and Asia suggested the crop has undergone complex, context-specific diversification consistent with a long domestication history. Both Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components of SNPs indicated four groups of accessions that coincided with the principal geographic areas of finger millet cultivation. East Africa, the considered origin of the crop, appeared the least genetically diverse. A Principal Component Analysis of phenotypic data also indicated clear geographic differentiation, but different relationships among geographic areas than genomic data. Neighbour-joining trees of sub-genomes A and B showed different features which further supported the crop’s complex evolutionary history. Our genome-wide association study indicated only a small number of significant marker-trait associations. We applied then clustering to marker effects from a ridge regression model for each trait which revealed two clusters of different trait complexity, with days to flowering and threshing percentage among simple traits, and finger length and grain yield among more complex traits. Our study provides comprehensive new knowledge on the distribution of genomic and phenotypic variation in finger millet, supporting future breeding intra- and inter-regionally across its major cultivation range.Core ideas8,778 SNPs and 13 agronomic traits characterized a panel of 423 finger millet landraces.4 clusters of accessions coincided with major geographic areas of finger millet cultivation.A comparison of phenotypic and genomic data indicated a complex diversification history.This was confirmed by the analysis of allotetraploid finger millet’s separate sub-genomes.Comprehensive new knowledge for intra- and inter-regional breeding is provided.
The meta-gut: Hippo inputs lead to community coalescence of animal and environmental microbiomes
Authors: Dutton Christopher L. , Subalusky Amanda L. , Sanchez Alvaro , Estrela Sylvie , Lu Nanxi , Hamilton Stephen K. , Njoroge Laban , Rosi Emma J. , Post David M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAll animals carry specialized microbiomes, and their gut microbiotas in particular are continuously released into the environment through excretion of waste. Here we propose themeta-gutas a novel conceptual framework that addresses the ability of the gut microbiome released from an animal to function outside the host and potentially alter ecosystem processes mediated by microbes. An example considered here is the hippopotamus (hippo) and the pools they inhabit. Hippo pool biogeochemistry and fecal and pool water microbial communities were examined through field sampling and an experiment. Sequencing using 16S RNA methods revealed that the active microbial communities in hippo pools that received high inputs of hippo feces are more similar to the hippo gut microbiome than other nearby aquatic environments. The overlap between the microbiomes of the hippo gut and the waters into which they excrete therefore constitutes ameta-gutsystem with potentially strong influence on the biogeochemistry of pools and downstream waters. We propose that themeta-gutmay be present where other species congregate in high densities, particularly in aquatic environments.SignificanceAnimals can have considerable impacts on biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem attributes through the consumption of resources and physical modifications of the environment. Likewise, microbial communities are well known to regulate biogeochemical cycles. This study links those two observations by showing that the gut microbiome in waste excreted by hippos can persistex-situin the environment and potentially alter biogeochemical cycles. This “meta-gut” system may be present in other ecosystems where animals congregate, and may have been more widespread in the past before many large animal populations were reduced in range and abundance.