bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISA (MIS) MATCH TENAGA KERJA DI ASIA TENGGARA
Authors: Putri Aning Kesuma , Febriani Ratu Eva 
Published: March 2021

The mismatch between jobs and skills indicates the match model in the job market is not going well, which is referred to as (e.g.) labor match, which leads to overeducation and undereducation in the job market. This research was conducted to find the influence of growth, overeducation and undereducation on wages in Southeast Asia. The data used is secondary data sourced from https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/ data in 2010-2019, especially in 8 Southeast Asian countries consisting of Brunai Darusalam, Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. The results found that the workers with the highest undereducated levels were in Timor Laste, then Laos and Cambodia. Worker conditions in developing countries such as Southeast Asia have more undereducation conditions than overeducation. Economic growth, overeducation and undereducatio affect workers' wages. Keywords: overeducation, undereducation, mismatch, labor
Prevalência de casos de doenças autoimunes e imunodeficiências primárias registradas em hospitais no Agreste de Pernambuco
Authors: Barbosa Michael Gabriel Agustinho , Genuíno Patrícia Alves , Silva Emanuela Ingridy , Santos Simone Martis dos , Lins Severina Ridrigues de Oliveira 
Published: March 2021

As doenças autoimunes são patológias onde o próprio organismo desenvolve uma resposta imune contra um autoantígeno (autológo). Existem vários fatores que desencadeiam essa perca de tolerância ao próprio organismo, como por exemplo, os genéticos. O risco hereditário para a maioria dessas patológicas é atribuível a múltiplos loci, cuja maior contribuição é feita pelos os genes do MHC. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, fazer levantamento de casos diagnosticados de Doenças Autoimunes (DAIs) e Imunodeficiências Primaria (IP) em cidades localizadas no Agreste e na capital de Pernambuco. No Agreste, foram selecionadas quatro cidades para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. Após a liberação da carta de anuência, e aprovação do comitê de ética e pesquisa (CEP UNIFAVIP), iniciou a pesquisa. Foram analisados 1 mil prontuários, de pacientes diagnosticados com estas patologias, entre os anos de 2016 a 2018. Desses, apenas 94 prontuários foram utilizados por conterem informações completas para os resultados deste trabalho. Foram identificados 93 registros de DAIs e 1 de IDP. Mesmo não tendo sido um dos objetivos propostos, inicialmente pela pesquisa, foram constatadas inúmeras dificuldades tanto no acesso quanto na interpretação dos prontuários, como por exemplo dados incompletos e SID da doença diagnosticada. A doença celíaca foi a patologia que apresentou maior prevalência no agreste pernambucano.
IMPLEMENTASI CYBER NOTARY DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DALAM UPAYA REFORMASI BIROKRASI ERA 4.0
Authors: Rizqi Fadhila , Intan Sari D. Siti Nurul 
Published: March 2021

Implementasi pelayanan publik berbasis teknologi dalam bidang kenotariatan belum dilaksanakan semaksimal mungkin di Indonesia. Penjelasan Atas Pasal 15 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris menegaskan bahwa cyber notary berlaku hanya dalam kewenangan sertifikasi kegiatan transaksi antara Notaris dan Penghadap, namun tidak dalam kewenangan kenotariatan dalam lingkup yang lebih luas. Untuk mendorong pelayanan publik berbasis teknologi di bidang kenotariatan yang efektif dan efisien, maka perlu dikaitkan dengan Reformasi Birokrasi di Indonesia, terlebih melihat perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat di era 4.0 saat ini. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana keuntungan dan keterkaitan penerapan cyber notary di Indonesia dalam upaya reformasi birokrasi era 4.0 saat ini? dan bagaimana eksistensi dan peraturan perundang-undangan cyber notary di negara civil law, khususnya Negara Belgia dan Perancis?. Penelitian hukum ini ialah penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan komparasi yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Birokrasi cyber notary perlu diimplementasikan di Indonesia, sebab dapat membantu penyelenggaraan pemerintah yang mencapai good governance. Untuk memperoleh landasan hukum yang kuat terkait cyber notary, maka Indonesia harus mengubah Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris, Pasal 1868 KUHPerdata, dan Pasal 5 ayat (4) huruf b Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.Kata Kunci: cyber notary, reformasi birokrasi, studi komparasi, civil law
Association Between Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Stroke, and All-Cause Mortality: Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yimo , Chen Weiqi , Lu Meng , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2021

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a pivotal protein in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism, has been validated to be an established target for cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. Nevertheless, prospective studies concerning the associations between circulating PCSK9 and the risk of CV events and mortality have yielded, so far, inconsistent results. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association systemically.Methods: Pertinent studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database through July 2020. Longitudinal studies investigating the value of circulating PCSK9 for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) or stroke or all-cause mortally with risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were included in the analyses. Dose-response meta-analysis was also applied to evaluate circulating PCSK9 and risk of MACEs in this study.Results: A total of 22 eligible cohorts comprising 28,319 participants from 20 eligible articles were finally included in the study. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MACEs for one standard deviation increase in baseline PCSK9 was 1.120 (95% CI, 1.056–1.189). When categorizing subjects into tertiles, the pooled RR for the highest tertile of baseline PCSK9 was 1.252 (95% CI, 1.104–1.420) compared with the lowest category. This positive association between PCSK9 level and risk of MACEs persisted in sensitivity and most of the subgroup analyses. Twelve studies were included in dose-response meta-analysis, and a linear association between PCSK9 concentration and risk of MACEs was observed (x2 test for non-linearity = 0.31, P non-linearity = 0.575). No significant correlation was found either on stroke or all-cause mortality.Conclusion: This meta-analysis added further evidence that high circulating PCSK9 concentration significantly associated with increased risk of MACEs, and a linear dose-response association was observed. However, available data did not suggest significant association either on stroke or all-cause mortality. Additional well-designed studies are warranted to further investigate the correlations between PCSK9 concentration and stroke and mortality.
Effects of Hypoxia in Intestinal Tumors on Immune Cell Behavior in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Luping , Wang Shaokun , Wang Yachen , Zhao Weidan , Zhang Yingli , Zhang Nan , Xu Hong 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundImbalanced nutritional supply and demand in the tumor microenvironment often leads to hypoxia. The subtle interaction between hypoxia and immune cell behavior plays an important role in tumor occurrence and development. However, the functional relationship between hypoxia and the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the intestinal tumor microenvironment.MethodWe extracted the names of hypoxia-related genes from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database and screened them for those associated with colorectal cancer prognosis, with the final list including ALDOB, GPC1, ALDOC, and SLC2A3. Using the sum of the expression levels of these four genes, provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and the expression coefficients, we developed a hypoxia risk score model. Using the median risk score value, we divided the patients in the two databases into high- and low-risk groups. GSEA was used to compare the enrichment differences between the two groups. We used the CIBERSORT computational method to analyze immune cell infiltration. Finally, the correlation between these five genes and hypoxia was analyzed.ResultThe prognosis of the two groups differed significantly, with a higher survival rate in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. We found that the different risk groups were enriched by immune-related and inflammatory pathways. We identified activated M0 macrophages in TCGA and GEO databases and found that CCL2/4/5, and CSF1 contributed toward the increased infiltration rate of this immune cell type. Finally, we observed a positive correlation between the five candidate genes’ expression and the risk of hypoxia, with significant differences in the level of expression of each of these genes between patient risk groups.ConclusionOverall, our data suggest that hypoxia is associated with the prognosis and rate of immune cell infiltration in patients with colorectal cancer. This finding may improve immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Sleep-Related Biomarkers, and Motor Skill Acquisition Using Virtual Reality in People With Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Al-Sharman Alham , Ismaiel Ismail Alhaj , Khalil Hanan , El-Salem Khalid 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: Despite the fact that sleep disturbances are among the most common and disabling manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), no study has investigated the effect of sleep quality and sleep-related biomarkers on motor skill acquisition in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD).Objective: To examine the relationship between skill acquisition, sleep quality, and sleep-related biomarkers in PwPD using virtual reality (VR) system.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 31 PwPD and 31 healthy controls. To assess skill acquisition, each participant practiced a VR game 6 times (blocks). The main outcomes from the VR game were the required time to complete the VR game and the recorded errors. Motor skill acquisition was calculated as the difference of scores between block 6 and block 2 for both outcomes. Sleep was assessed subjectively using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objectively using the Actisleep. To assess sleep related biomarker, plasma serotonin level was examined.Results: PwPD and healthy controls demonstrated a practice-related improvement in performance as shown by the main effect of block for each of the VR outcome measures (p &lt; 0.000, time required to complete VR game; p &lt; 0.000, recorded errors). There was no interaction effect between Block X Group for both outcome measures. There were significant correlations in both groups (p &lt; 0.05) between motor skill acquisition (as indicated by the difference of time required to complete the VR game between block 6 and block 2) and PSQI total score, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed in both groups between motor skill acquisition (as indicated by the difference of time required to complete the VR game between block 6 and block 2) and the plasma serotonin level (p &lt; 0.05). These correlations in PwPD remained significant, even after adjusting for disease motor severity, cognitive status, depression, and daily dose of L-dopa.Discussion and Conclusions: Sleep quality may influence motor skill acquisition in PwPD. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to be aware about sleep quality and sleep assessment tools. Therapies may target improving sleep quality which could result in improving motor skill acquisition.
Effect of Carbon Ion Radiation Induces Bystander Effect on Metastasis of A549 Cells and Metabonomic Correlation Analysis
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhang Qiuning , Luo Hongtao , Shao Lihua , Liu Ruifeng , Kong Yarong , Zhao Xueshan , Geng Yichao , Li Chengcheng , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of carbon ion (12C6+) radiation may induce bystander effect on A549 cell metastasis and metabonomics.MethodsA549 cell was irradiated with carbon ion to establish the clone survival model and the transwell matrix assay was applied to measure the effect of carbon ion on cell viability, migration, and invasion, respectively. Normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts (WI-38) were irradiated with carbon ions of 0 and 2 Gy and then transferred to A549 cell co-culture medium for 24 h. The migration and invasion of A549 cells were detected by the Transwell chamber. The analysis of metabonomic information in transfer medium by liquid phase mass spectrometry (LC-MS), The differential molecules were obtained by principal pomponent analysis (PCA) and the target proteins of significant differences (p = 1.7 × 10−3) obtained by combining with the STICH database. KEGG pathway was used to analyze the enrichment of the target protein pathway.ResultsCompared with 0 Gy, the colony formation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells were significantly inhibited by carbon ion 2 and 4 Gy irradiation, while the inhibitory effect was not significant after 1 Gy irradiation. Compared with 0 Gy, the culture medium 24 h after carbon ion 2 Gy irradiation significantly inhibited the metastasis of tumor cells (p = 0.03). LC-MS analysis showed that 23 differential metabolites were obtained in the cell culture medium 24 h after carbon ion 0 and 2 Gy irradiation (9 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated). Among them, two were up-regulated and two down-regulated (p = 2.9 × 10−3). 41 target proteins were corresponding to these four differential molecules. Through the analysis of the KEGG signal pathway, it was found that these target molecules were mainly enriched in purine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, peroxisome, and carbon metabolism. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway.ConclusionThe bystander effect induced by 2 Gy carbon ion radiation inhibits the metastasis of tumor cells, which indicates that carbon ions may change the metabolites of irradiated cells, so that it may indirectly affect the metabolism of tumor cell growth microenvironment, thus inhibiting the metastasis of malignant tumor cells.
Predictive Value of Combined Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level and Ki-67 Index in Patients With Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma After Radical Surgery
Authors: Xie Jianwei , Zhao YaJun , Zhou Yanbing , He Qingliang , Hao Hankun , Qiu Xiantu , Zhao Gang , Xu Yanchang , Xue Fangqin , Chen Jinping , Su Guoqiang , Li Ping , Zheng Chao-Hui , Huang Chang-Ming 
Published: March 2021

PrécisWe present a valid and reproducible nomogram that combined the TNM stage as well as the Ki-67 index and carcinoembryonic antigen levels; the nomogram may be an indispensable tool to help predict individualized risks of death and help clinicians manage patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma.BackgroundTo analyze the long-term outcomes of patients with grade 3 GNEC who underwent curative surgery and investigated whether the combination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and Ki-67 index can predict the prognosis of patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (GNEC) and constructed a nomogram to predict patient survival.MethodsIn the training cohort, data were collected from 405 patients with GNEC after radical surgery at seven Chinese centers. A nomogram was constructed to predict long-term prognosis. Data for the validation cohort were collected from 305 patients.ResultsThe 5-year overall survival (OS) was worse in the high CEA group than in the normal CEA group (40.5% vs. 55.2%, p = 0.013). The 5-year OS was significantly worse in the high Ki-67 index group than in the low Ki-67 index group (47.9% vs. 57.2%, p = 0.012). Accordingly, we divided the whole cohort into a KC(-) group (low Ki-67 index and normal CEA) and KC(+) group (high Ki-67 index and/or high CEA). The KC(+) group had a worse prognosis than the KC(-) group (64.6% vs. 46.8%, p &lt; 0.001). KC(+) and the AJCC 8th stage were independent factors for OS. Then, we combined KC status and the AJCC 8th stage to establish a nomogram; the C-index and area under the curve (AUC) were higher for the nomogram than for the AJCC 8th stage (C-index: 0.660 vs. 0.635, p = 0.005; AUC: 0.700 vs. 0.675, p = 0.020). The calibration curve verified that the nomogram had a good predictive value, with similar findings in the validation groups.ConclusionsThe nomogram based on KC status and the AJCC 8th stage predicted the prognosis of patients with GNEC well.
Three-Dimensional Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Parameters Distinguish Pediatric Medulloblastoma and Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Duc Nguyen Minh 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), a perfusion assessment without using gadolinium-based contrast agents, is outstandingly advantageous for pediatric patients. The differentiation of medulloblastomas from pilocytic astrocytomas in children plays a significant role in determining treatment strategies and prognosis. This study aimed to assess the use of ASL parameters during the differentiation between pediatric medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma.Methods: The institutional review board of Children's Hospital 2 approved this prospective study. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, including axial three-dimensional (3D) pseudo-continuous ASL, was evaluated in 33 patients, who were divided into a medulloblastoma group (n = 25) and a pilocytic astrocytoma group (n = 8). The quantified region of interest (ROI) values for the tumors and the tumor to parenchyma ratios were collected and compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden index were utilized to identify the best cut-off, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) values for significant ASL parameters.Results: The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the ratio between the CBF of the tumor relative to that of the parenchyma (rCBF) values for medulloblastomas were significantly higher than those for pilocytic astrocytomas (p &lt; 0.05). A cut-off value of 0.51 for rCBF was able to discriminate between medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma, generating a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 75%, and an AUC of 83.5%.Conclusion: The rCBF measurement, obtained during MRI with 3D pseudo-continuous ASL, plays a supplemental role in the differentiation of medulloblastoma from pilocytic astrocytoma.
An Evaluation of TOEFL Benchmark Policy as an Exit Requirement for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Rahma Endah Anisa , Syafitri Rina , Syahputri Veni Nella , Parlindungan Firman 
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the TOEFL benchmark policy as an exit requirement for Universitas Teuku Umar students. The research method used was survey design hereby the data from the questionnaire and students' TOEFL score were collected. Under the policy, the students have to pass the standard passing score of TOEFL to graduate. 100 non-English major students from Universitas Teuku Umar participated in this study. The results of the study revealed that the participants gave more positive responses than negative ones. The extend of approval for this policy seemed more related to their abilities, awareness of the importance of learning English, and motivation to learn English. The result from TOEFL scores taken from 2018-2019 found that as many as 58% of students failed to obtain minimum criteria (Ëƒ 400) while only 42% of them reached 400 or above. It indicates that Universitas Teuku Umar students are not ready yet to face this policy.Â On the other hand, based on the questionnaire result, most students agreed with the implementation of TOEFL as an exit requirement, however, a minimum passing score should be evaluated and a set of students' needs under the policy should be facilitated.
« Libérer la syntaxe russe » : la question de la ponctuation chez A. Solženicyn
Authors: Zayanchkauskayte Victoria 
Published: March 2021

L’objectif de сet article consiste en l’étude des cas particuliers de la ponctuation non normative dans l’œuvre d’A. Solženicyn. Cette problématique est abordée en deux parties. Premièrement, il s’agit de l’analyse des « règles », qui constituent plutôt de légers décalages de ces dernières, proposées par l’écrivain lui-même dans son essai Quelques réflexions sur la grammaire. En deuxième lieu, il est question des cas de la ponctuation, notamment ceux du tiret, qui ne figurent pas dans l’essai de l’écrivain, mais qui représentent une certaine déviation par rapport à la norme, et qui, par leur fréquence, forment un style auctorial particulier. Les exemples analysés montrent que l’emploi des signes de ponctuation, et plus précisément du tiret, résulte d’une stratégie narrative de l’écrivain. Les signes de ponctuation peuvent accomplir plusieurs fonctions dans les textes de l’auteur en tant que procédés stylistiques.
Prépositions russes из vs. от : vers une grammaire des erreurs
Authors: Kor Chahine Irina , Perova Nouvelot Yulia 
Published: March 2021

Le présent article est dédié à l’analyse de quelques emplois, spatiaux et non spatiaux, des constructions avec les prépositions russes из et от. Bien que из et от desservent des contextes très proches, ces prépositions disposent de « zones d’action » qui leurs sont propres, et la méconnaissance de ces zones est souvent à l’origine d’erreurs que commettent des étudiants francophones apprenant le russe. L’étude est basée sur l’observation des emplois erronés avec из et от, notamment là où les deux prépositions entrent en concurrence. On observe ainsi que dans les contextes spatiaux, c’est la nature de la localisation qui motive leur choix : si от fonctionne avec la localisation perçue comme point de départ extérieur, из, en revanche, implique l’intérieur d’un endroit-source. La validité de ce principe est aussi soutenue par les emplois causaux de ces prépositions. De plus, le caractère animé / inanimé rentre également en compte dans le choix de ces constructions.
Analisis Kemampuan Guru dalam Meningkatkan Pengelolaan Penilaian Rubrik di Sekolah Dasar Negeri No.174566 Hutabarat
Authors: Silalahi Tiurma 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa permasalahan menyangkut kinerja dan kompetensi guru di dalam melaksanakan profesi yang dapat meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SDN No.174566 Hutabarat Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Dalam hal ini ada beberapa hal. Salah satunya adalah tentang merumuskan dan mengelola penilaian rubric yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam kerangka memenuhi system penilaian pada Kurikuum 2013. Oleh karena itu guru dituntut untuk mampu mengelolanya dengan benar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) konsep pokok penelitian tindakan terdiri dari empat komponen pokok yang menunjukkan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: perencanaan atau planning, tindakan atau acting, pengamatan atau observing dan refleksi atau Reflecting. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru di SDN No.174566 Hutabarat Desa Hutabarat Parjulu Kecamatan Tarutung Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 7 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasantersebut di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Lesson Study telah memberikan kesempatan yang luas kepada kepala sekolah Sebagai peneliti bersama guru untuk dapat saling bertukar pikiran dan pengalaman, merasakan adanya manfaat atas pelaksanaan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kompetensinya.