bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Mathematical modelling to choose the Best Types of Cement for Construction Projects
Authors: Jassim Al-Kufi Mohammed Abdul Hameed , Al-Ghabban Jaafar M. , Nassar Sahib Yasser 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose from the research to choose the correct and best type of cement that is prevail able by mass quantity in the markets and different types. To construction the infrastructures needs the best types but the worthy mentioned the world specifications depend on compressive strength after (28) days that means the target to recognize the cements, to exploit the times can be used the chemical analysis for cement composition and calculate the compressive strength on the alkali and alit during hours instead of (28) days practically. The advanced devices used to analysis the cement composition is (X-ray) device.
Investigate the Thermal Analysis Properties of Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Abid M K , Abbas M M , Abid N K , Jwad M K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Propylene carbonate (PC) (1:1) have been used as plasticizer to synthesized two series of polymer blend electrolytes (As and Cs) composed of Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), (80/20) Wt.% and ethylene carbonate (EC) using solution cast technique. Mixed iodide salts and varying weight ratio of potassium iodide (KI) and cesium iodide (CsI) was used to study the thermal properties of polymer blend electrolytes (GPEs). Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) results show a decrease in the glass transition of electrolytes when increasing the weight percentage of salts, while the melting point increases due to the reduction in the polymer fluidity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that the increase in the thermal stability can be attributed to the high thermal stability of polymer blend and the existence of the strong interaction between the two polymers. The optimum value of glass transition (Ts) is 104.2 °C found in sample containing 35 Wt.% of KI salt which has a melting point (Tm) 194.7 °C.
Study hybrid Treatment Technologies using (MBBR with Electro-flotation) for Textile wastewater
Authors: Ibrahim Dalia T , Abdul Hameed Hayder M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel hybrid approach to the global development treatment technology was introduced in this research, by using two sustainable green technologies treatment methods as (MBBR) combined with the Electro-flotation process. To improve the removal efficiencies of persistent and non-biodegradable dissolved organic dyes (Methylene blue dye) by using Iron and Aluminum electrodes. The treatment system achieved high performance than that any single treatment process and without the need to add chemical reagents. The characteristics of wastewater from textile dyeing used in this study were simulated to the General Establishment of Cotton Textile Industry/Baghdad. In addition, one of the most sustainable and useful by-products is found to be producing H2 gas at a rate of 1:13L. As a result, in the continuous system the optimum removal efficiencies of color, COD, and BOD are 90.08%, 100%, 100% respectively, were achieved at (200V, 2cm electrodes distance, 5 minutes, pH=7, 8 number of electrodes, 30gm weight of media).
Pre-calculated relevant Nd: YAG laser parameters for optimized varicose veins treatment
Authors: Hamoudi Walid K. , Alhashimi Qusay K. , Mustafa Muna B. , Abdulhameed Noor R. , maqdasi Hiba H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Full clearance of enlarged veins, without side effects, had always been the ultimate dream of patients. Varicose veins’ treatment protocols were not very decisive and mostly associated with some side effects. The aim of this work is to demystify the exact dose of laser parameters; namely fluence and pulse duration, to successfully treat enlarged blood vessels in face, legs and arms without side effects. This necessitated the calculation of exact temperature rise of the targeted tissue before laser irradiation. The pre-calculated laser parameters required, for successful treatment, without side effects were tested to achieve optimum clinical results; using 1064nm pulsed Nd: YAG lasers for all skin photo types. For this work, two values of spot size (5mm and 3mm), variable pulse duration (15-30 ms), variable fluences (110-190 J/cm2) and variable skin cooling temperature (3-18 °C) were used. Pre and post-cooling were found necessary to ensure positive results and minimal discomfort.
Antimicrobial Activity of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Thamir Ahmed A. , Jubier Najwa J. , Odah Jafer F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles on E.coli and S. aureus bacterial strains were investigated. The sol-gel method was used to fabricate zirconium oxide nanoparticles for two molar ratios (0.5 M and 1 M). The crystallinity and morphology of the product were confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) was show that the prepared zirconium oxide has a crystalline nature. The FESEM analysis indicates that the NPs were less than 20 nm and highly uniformed in size, having spherical morphology. The FTIR confirms the production of reactive oxygen species (R.O.S.) in zirconium oxide. At doses equivalent to conventional antibiotics, ZrO2 nanoparticles were shown to exhibit antibacterial action against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). The synthesized ZrO2 nanoparticles demonstrated inhibitive activity against bacteria“ gram - ve E.coli by attracting negatively charged bacteria gram - ve E.coli, positively charged zirconium ions attack the cell wall. Results suggest that synthesized multifunctional ZrO2 nanoparticles may be a successful candidate in the health care system.
Hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine-131
Authors: Jary Aqeel Maryoosh , Atiyah Sadeq Naeem , Alhamd M.W. , Abbood Nazar Ali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We looked into the restorative records of patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism who were treated with iodine-131 between 1996 and 2002. Of the 135 patients, satisfactory data was gotten on the comes about of at slightest 24-month follow-up in 70 of them. Iodine-131 was given in a single measurements at a rate (200 microcuries/g of organ weight redressed to 100% iodine take-up after 24 hours). Methimazole treatment was suspended a week some time recently the organization of iodine-131. Treatment was considered fruitful with either or hypothyroidism. In follow-up examinations conducted after 12 months of application of the treatment, 81.2% of treatment victory rates were found, whereas in examinations conducted after 24 months, the rate come to 88.3%. This near the rates shown in the various sources.
Influence of Sintering Time on Superconducting Properties of Bi, Pb-2223 Compound Doped with Indium
Authors: Abbas M M , Jassim A K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work was performed to investigate the effect of sintering time on superconducting properties of Bi1.7In0.3Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d samples prepared by solid state reaction method. The samples properties have been investigated structurally by X-ray diffraction and morphologically by scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis showed that two superconducting phases coexist in the samples. High temperature Bi-2223 and low-temperature phase 2212 with orthorhombic structure for all samples. Four point probe method used to study the electrical properties of the samples and the results showed that increasing sintering time yields superconductor samples. The sintering time 140 h improves the microstructure of the superconductor and produces greater size platelets as well as leading to the highest TC value of 113 K and highest oxygen content value. Scanning electron microscopy shows increasing sintering time changed morphology of samples. Moreover plate grains of the high Bi-2223 phase appeared in most micrographs of the superconducting samples.
The Influence of Zinc Oxide with Carbon Nanotube Composite NanoMaterials on Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Alias M. F. A. , Abd – Alsada A.S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel hybrid substance, ZnO: MWCNT, are fabricated from prepared pellets using a pulsed laser ablation liquid technique at varied MWCNT concentrations (0, 3, 5, 10, and 15) wt%. The study cast at the effect of MWCNT concentration on the structure of prepared samples using FTIR and tested for different types of antimicrobial activity. From FTIR examination, one can observe that all the prepared ZnO: MWCNT samples with different concentrations have different types of band (stretching and bending). All the prepared composite samples with various concentrations have showed influence on different types of bacterial, however in general the annealing ZnO, MWCNT and the composite nanomaterial with 15%MWCNT have higher zone of antibacterial activity for studying types of bacterial inhibition.
Determining the features on the image of Satellite Sentinel-2 with different resolution and comparing them with images of Satellite Sentinel-1
Authors: ameer Ghufran , Gazal Nawal Kh. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Land cover-land use (LCLU) classification tasks can take advantage of the fusion of radar and optical remote sensing data, leading generally to increase mapping accuracy. Here we propose a methodological approach to fuse information from the new European Space Sentinel-2 imagery for accurate land cover mapping of a portion of the region, Baghdad. I First step Download the Sentinel 2 image in its correct geographic location, then take a 10-meter, 20 meter and 60 meter resolution images then drawn point, line and polygon feature of each resolution image the discuss the difference between them The aim of this study was to discuss which resolution gives better accuracy.
as the difference between the features, by redusing the resolution, it will be made difficulty in identifying the features.
The landmarks appear clearly as the image resolution increases, so the features are clearer in the image with a resolution of 10 meters than the image with a resolution of 20 meters and 60 meters. Also, the images of the Sentinel-2 are clearer, and dealing with them is much easier than the images of the Sentinel-1.
Sustainability challenges for the social-environmental systems across the Asian Drylands Belt
Authors: Chen Jiquan , John Ranjeet , Yuan Jing , Mack Elizabeth A , Groisman Pavel , Allington Ginger , Wu Jianguo , Fan Peilei , de Beurs Kirsten M , Karnieli Arnon , Gutman Garik , Kappas Martin , Dong Gang , Zhao Fangyuan , Ouyang Zutao , Pearson Amber L , Şat Beyza , Graham Norman A , Shao Changliang , Graham Anna K , Henebry Geoffrey M , Xue Zhichao , Amartuvshin Amarjargal , Qu Luping , Park Hogeun , Xin Xiaoping , Chen Jingyan , Tian Li , Knight Colt , Kussainova Maira , Li Fei , Fürst Christine , Qi Jiaguo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper synthesizes the contemporary challenges for the sustainability of the social-environmental system (SES) across a geographically, environmentally, and geopolitically diverse region—the Asian Drylands Belt (ADB). This region includes 18 political entities, covering 10.3% of global land area and 30% of total global drylands. At the present time, the ADB is confronted with a unique set of environmental and socioeconomic changes including water shortage-related environmental challenges and dramatic institutional changes since the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The SES of the ADB is assessed using a conceptual framework rooted in the three pillars of sustainability science: social, economic, and ecological systems. The complex dynamics are explored with biophysical, socioeconomic, institutional, and local context-dependent mechanisms with a focus on institutions and land use and land cover change (LULCC) as important drivers of SES dynamics. This paper also discusses the following five pressing, practical challenges for the sustainability of the ADB SES: (a) reduced water quantity and quality under warming, drying, and escalating extreme events, (b) continued, if not intensifying, geopolitical conflicts, (c) volatile, uncertain, and shifting socioeconomic structures, (d) globalization and cross-country influences, and (e) intensification and shifts in LULCC. To meet the varied challenges across the region, place-based, context-dependent transdisciplinary approaches are needed to focus on the human-environment interactions within and between regional landscapes with explicit consideration of specific forcings and regulatory mechanisms. Future work focused on this region should also assess the role of the following mechanisms that may moderate SES dynamics: socioeconomic regulating mechanisms, biophysical regulating mechanisms, regional and national institutional regulating mechanisms, and localized institutional regulating mechanisms.
Transthoracic esophagectomy compared to transhiatal extended gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , van der Sluis Pieter C , Weindelmayer Jacopo , Lagarde Sjoerd M , Giacopuzzi Simone , De Manzoni Giovanni , Wijnhoven Bas P L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Optimal surgical treatment for Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma is debated. The aim of this study was to compare transhiatal extended gastrectomy (TEG) and transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE). Patients with Siewert type II tumors who underwent a resection by TEG or TTE in two centers (Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, and University of Verona) between 2014 and 2019 were identified. To limit selection bias, patients were matched for baseline characteristics and compared with a multivariable logistic regression model. Some 159 patients treated by TEG (60 patients, 37.7%) or TTE (99 patients, 62.3%) were included. Patients in the TEG group were older, had less tumor invasion of the esophagus, and were more often excluded from neoadjuvant therapy. Post-operative morbidity was comparable (P = 0.88), while 90-day mortality was higher after TEG (90-day mortality 10.0% in TEG group vs. 2.0% in TTE group P = 0.01). R0 resection was achieved in 83.3% of patients after TEG and in 97.9% after TTE (P &lt; 0.01), with the proximal resection margin involved in 16.6% of patients after TEG versus 0 in TTE group (P &lt; 0.01). The 3-year overall survival was comparable (TEG: 36.5%, TTE: 48.4%, P = 0.12). At multivariable analysis, (y)pT category was an independent risk factor for 3-year recurrence. After matching, TEG was still associated with an increased risk of incomplete tumor resection (P = 0.03) and proximal margin involvement (P &lt; 0.01), while there were no differences in post-operative morbidity (P = 0.56) and mortality (P = 0.31). Our data suggest that patients with Siewert type II tumors treated by TEG are exposed to a higher risk of positive proximal resection margin compared to TTE.
Permanent-Transitory decomposition of cointegrated time series via dynamic factor models, with an application to commodity prices
Authors: Casoli Chiara , Lucchetti Riccardo (Jack) 
Published: December 2021

SummaryWe propose a cointegration-based Permanent-Transitory decomposition for nonstationary dynamic factor models (DFMs). Our methodology exploits the cointegration relations among the observable variables and assumes they are driven by a common and an idiosyncratic component. The common component is further split into a long-term nonstationary and a short-term stationary part. A Monte Carlo experiment shows that incorporating the cointegration structure into the DFM leads to a better reconstruction of the space spanned by the factors, compared to the most standard technique of applying a factor model in differenced systems. We apply our procedure to a set of commodity prices to analyse the co-movement among different markets and find that commodity prices move together mostly due to long-term common forces; while the trend for the prices of most primary goods is declining, metals and energy exhibit an upward or at least stable pattern since the 2000s.
Prevalent migraine as a predictor of incident hypertension
Authors: Entonen Anitta H , Suominen Sakari B , Sillanmäki Lauri H , Rautava Päivi T , Kauniskangas Katariina , Mäntyselkä Pekka T , Sumanen Markku , Koskenvuo Markku J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Migraine has been associated with several diseases. This population-based prospective Finnish postal survey Health and Social Support Study explored whether self-reported migraine predicted incident hypertension independently in a working-age population by utilizing two data sources: the baseline survey from the year 1998 in combination with the follow-up survey data from the years 2003 and 2012 with linkage to the national Social Insurance Institution registry data of the special reimbursement medication for hypertension from 1999 to 2013. The survey follow-up reached until the second follow-up in the year 2012. The register follow-up also included the year 2013.

Methods
The present population-based prospective cohort study, utilizing two different data sources, included 8593 respondents (22.7% response rate) who participated in 1998, 2003, and 2012 but who did not report hypertension at the baseline in 1998, and whose responses could be linked with the Social Insurance Institution registry data from the beginning of 1999 to the end of 2013. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was based on the combined two data sets.

Results
A significant association of self-reported migraine and incident hypertension (odds ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.20–1.57) prevailed in the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for central socio-demographic and health behaviour variables.

Conclusion
Extra attention should be paid to prevention and control of hypertension in working-age migraine patients.
Decision Support Tool Identifies Ulcerative Colitis Patients Most Likely to Achieve Remission With Vedolizumab vs Adalimumab
Authors: Dulai Parambir S , Wong Emily C L , Reinisch Walter , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Marshall John K , Narula Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background & Aims
We have previously validated a clinical decision support tool (CDST) (vedolizumab CDST [VDZ-CDST]) for clinical and endoscopic remission with VDZ in ulcerative colitis (UC). We aim to expand the validation for predicting histoendoscopic mucosal improvement (HEMI) with VDZ vs adalimumab (ADA).

Methods
In a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial for VDZ vs ADA in moderate to severe UC (VARSITY trial; NCT02497469), comparative accuracy was evaluated for the VDZ-CDST among an external validation cohort of VDZ- and ADA-treated patients for week 52 HEMI (Mayo endoscopic subscore 0-1 and Geboes score &lt;3.2). Comparative effectiveness of VDZ and ADA was assessed after stratifying the cohort by baseline probability of response to VDZ using the VDZ-CDST.

Results
A total of 419 patients were included. The majority of patients enrolled in the VARSITY trial had a high (61%) or intermediate (29%) baseline predicted probability of response to VDZ. The baseline VDZ-CDST score was significantly more likely to predict week 52 HEMI for VDZ (area under the curve , 0.712; 95% confidence interval, 0.636-0.787) relative to ADA-treated patients (area under the curve, 0.538; 95% confidence interval, 0.377-0.700; P &lt; .001 for AUC comparison). A significant (P &lt; .001) association was observed between the VDZ-CDST and measured VDZ drug exposure over 52 weeks. Superiority of VDZ to ADA was only observed in patients with a high baseline predicted probability of response to VDZ.

Conclusions
Superiority of VDZ to ADA is dependent on baseline probability of response, and a VDZ-CDST is capable of identifying UC patients most appropriate for VDZ vs ADA.
Effect of High Temperature and Natural Enemies on the Interspecies Competition Between Two Wheat Aphid Species, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion miscanthi
Authors: Miao Jin , Guo Pei , Zhang Yunhui , Tan Xiaoling , Chen Julian , Li Yaofa , Wu Yuqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Interspecies competition affects the distribution, quantity, and community structure of insects, especially among closely-related (congeners) species. Some ecological factors differentially affect the fitness of co-existing species, thus conferring an advantage on one competitor, and then the structure of communities. The present work evaluated the effects of high temperature and natural enemies on the interspecific competition between the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) and bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), two key pests of wheat in China. Results showed that the population growth of R. padi was faster at 30°C, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) value was 5 times that of S. miscanthi, indicating that R. padi was more high-temperature resistant and has advantages in interspecific competition at high temperature. Moreover, compared to S. miscanthi, the population of R. padi was less affected by their predator, larvae of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and aphid parasitoids, Aphidius avenae (Haliday) or Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), which made them gain an advantage in the interspecific competition. Our results enrich the knowledge of phytophagous insect interspecific completion and implicate the ecological mechanism of R. padi may become the dominant species in wheat fields in China.
Risk factors for recurrence after operation in patients with pT1a renal cell carcinoma: sub-analysis of the multi-institutional national database of the Japanese Urological Association
Authors: Nakajima Nobuyuki , Miyajima Akira , Shinohara Nobuo , Obara Wataru , Kondo Tsunenori , Kimura Go , Kume Haruki , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Sugiyama Takayuki , Nonomura Norio , Hongo Fumiya , Fukumori Tomoharu , Takahashi Masayuki , Kanayama Hiro-omi , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
More patients with renal cell carcinoma are now diagnosed with the disease in its early stages. Although patients with pT1a renal cell carcinoma have a good prognosis and low recurrence rate, a few patients still experience recurrence. Herein, we evaluated the clinicopathological risk factors for postoperative recurrence of pT1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma.

Methods
An renal cell carcinoma survey was conducted by the Japanese Urological Association to register newly diagnosed cases of renal cell carcinoma. A total of 1418 patients diagnosed with pT1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma who underwent surgery as the primary surgical treatment were included. We analyzed the recurrence-free survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and clinicopathological factors for recurrence using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Among 1418 patients, 58 (4.1%) had recurrences after a median follow-up of 62.8 months. The median time to recurrence was 31.0 months. Metastases to the lungs and the bone were observed in 20 and 10 cases, respectively. Significant differences in sex, tumor size, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and dialysis history, preoperative hemoglobin levels, C-reactive protein levels and creatinine levels were observed between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Multivariate analysis identified male sex, high C-reactive protein level and tumor size ≥3 cm as independent risk factors. The 5-year recurrence-free survival of patients with 0, 1, 2 and 3 risk factors was 99.0, 97.2, 93.1 and 80.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
Male sex, tumor diameter and a high C-reactive protein level were independent recurrence risk factors for pT1a renal cell carcinoma; special attention should be paid to patients with these risk factors during postoperative follow-up.