bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Dynamic Features and Prognostic Value of Non-Cognitive Psychopathological Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Authors: Serdyuk O. V. , Sidenkova A. P. , Khiliuk D. A. 
Published: June 2021

Background: high prevalence of pre-dementia cognitive disorders (in particular mild cognitive impairment, MCI) in older people, unfavorable predictive value of MCI with a high risk of conversion to dementia, lack of a unified view of facultative, noncognitive psychopathological symptoms (NPS) in its syndromic structure, their clinical heterogeneity, close relationships with mild cognitive impairment syndrome is actualized by the analysis of the mutual influence of the components of MCI syndromes.The aim: to investigate clinical and dynamic features and determine the prognostic value of non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms in MCI, including various psychopathological symptoms (affective, psychotic, behavioral disorders).Patients and methods: a comparative dynamic prospective selective observational study of 264 older patients with MCI was carried out. The main study group included 189 patients with NPS; compared group made up 75 cases with MCI represented only by cognitive impairments. Repeated clinical, psychopathological and psychometric assessments (MMSE, MoCa, NPI) were performed at 12 and 24 months. Results: differences were revealed in the structure and dynamics of cognitive indicators in patients with dominance of affective, psychotic or behavioral symptoms. Patients with affective symptoms showed low scores on subtests of line drawing, phonemic fluency, and ability to verbal categorization (p < 0.05). In these individuals, with repeated measurements, the indices of delayed reproduction, retention, abstract thinking were significantly reduced in comparison with the results of the rest of the study participants (p < 0.05). Patients with psychotic symptoms showed the lowest indices of delayed reproduction, spatial-visual, speech tests, false reproductions both at the initial assessment and in the dynamics of observation (p < 0.05). But their parameters of counting, attention, working memory, “recognition” are higher in them than in representatives of other psychopathological subgroups (p < 0.05). It was found that mild cognitive impairment without psychopathological inclusions has a lower tendency to transform into dementia over a two-year follow-up period than MCI, in the structure of which non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms are present.Conclusions: non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms of MCI are heterogeneous in terms of clinical and dynamic characteristics. The structure and dynamics of cognitive indicators is different in the affective, psychotic, behavioral subgroups of patients with MCI. Individuals with affective pathology had the highest rate of MCI conversion to dementia. In patients with MCI without neuropsychiatric symptoms, a favorable course of cognitive impairment was more common than in patients with MCI with non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms.
Background and Expectations for Reorganizing Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bebchuk M. A. , Lyapina E. S. , Gimranova E. A. , Bogdan I. V. , Gurylina M. V. , Chistyakova D. P. 
Published: June 2021

Background: сhild psychiatry is essential for preventing adult mental diseases, due to the timely detection of a disease and the initiation of treatment. Thus, the choice of the optimal model of care and the corresponding transformation of the service are important. This work should be preceded by the study of current perceptions of the service and the prospects for its development among specialists and representatives of patients.The purpose: to study representatives’ expectations and fears related to the service, as well as to investigate the current needs of the professionals and their readiness for the service reform in Moscow.Material and methods: 657 district child psychiatrists and employees of clinical departments of children mental hospital in Moscow, and 361 consumers of the service filled in paper questionnaires on October 7–10, 2019.Results: neither the specialists nor the consumers have a general idea for the service development in Moscow. The professionals are more likely to consider their own field of work as a priority for development. The patient representatives expressed a wish for expanding service availability (including its territorial basis), while only 8% advocate the development of outpatient care as a priority. 49% of the specialists see a child as a main recipient of care, and 29% consider a family as a main recipient. 76% of the specialists found it difficult to answer the question about the existence of rules for interaction with a family. The experts consider the main request of a child as “condition stabilization” (85%), while the children themselves do not think in such categories. The myths about the service among the health workers and general population are similar, with the population expressing fears about being “registered” if they seek psychiatric help. At the same time, the loyalty of mental health specialists is comparable to the average in Moscow, primarily due to the high assessment of the staff.Conclusion: the study revealed a number of the related issues which are important to consider when reforming the service.
Verdienst und Befähigung
Authors: Giesinger Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Desert and the Promotion of Learning. The Principle of Achievement in the Justification of Educational Inequality
Christian Nerowski has recently discussed the role of the notions of achievement and desert in the theory of educational justice. He claims that learners deserve certain advantages – namely good marks or diploma – due to their performing well in tests. He uses this claim to justify educational inequalities. This essay critically engages with Nerowski’s considerations: It is argued that for achievement to function as the basis for the distribution of educational or social advantages, learners need to be enabled to perform well. The debate on desert, then, leads back to the widely-discussed question of what kind of educational support learners – especially the socially disadvantaged – are entitled to.
Covid-19 Pandemic and Vaccine
Authors: Shah Santosh 
Published: June 2021

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in Wuhan, in December 2019 and later spread globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January and a pandemic on 11 March 2020.1 In Nepal, the first case was registered on 3rd January 2020. Since then, there have been 591,494 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 7,990 deaths.2
In the second wave of Covid-19, South Asia seems to have turned into the epicentre as most of the countries in the region, including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have been badly infected by the coronavirus. Instead of being controlled, the situation is getting more flared up as each day passes. Of late, the situation in Nepal is gradually becoming alarming as two out of five people tested return positive. Subsequently, Nepal started to face shortage of oxygen, ventilators, and ICU facilities required for the treatment of severe cases. Medicines like Remdesivir and other medical equipment are sold at exorbitant prices.
ЕХРЕRIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN INVESTING IN CULTURE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Kopyl Olena 
Published: June 2021

Increasing the investment attractiveness of the cultural sphere of Ukraine is possible only with the introduction of modern tools and mechanisms to attract resources that have become widespread in the world and have proven their effectiveness.
The model of public financing of culture is formed in each country on the basis of a choice of methods, forms and mechanisms of financial policy. Its formation is greatly influenced by such factors as traditional national cultural preferences, as well as the development of philanthropy, sponsorship and philanthropy. The system of financing culture and art is determined by the degree of centralization of public administration and the nature of intergovernmental relations. In unitary states, the central budget continues to play a major role.
The main types of financial support for culture and art in different countries by attracting state investment (budget funding) are direct funding, general and targeted transfers, joint participation of different levels of government, support through independent intermediaries, public-private partnership.
The experience of financial support for the cultural sphere in the EU countries indicates that countries are trying to pay considerable attention to the development of this sphere. The most common mechanism for attracting investment and increasing funding for culture in the EU is a reduced VAT rate on the consumption of a cultural product or service.
Despite the significant number of tools used by European countries to attract investment in culture and increase the investment attractiveness of culture, we should not forget about public investment. Public and private investment are complementary. Public investment, in turn, guarantees the priority of the sphere for the state, consolidates the development of confidence in the public good of culture, ensuring the stability of the development of the cultural sphere.
In the proposed model of multi-channel financing, the main investors can be the state at the expense of state and local budgets, private partners (businesses, enterprises, etc.) and directly the population (those who consume cultural services and products).
The proposed model of multi-channel financing combines best practices and tools to attract financial resources in the field of culture, which have become widespread in the European Union. It should also be noted that based on the analysis, it can be argued that the introduction of a project approach to finance culture and create competitive markets for cultural services can serve as a basis for organizational and economic mechanism to increase investment attractiveness of culture in Ukraine.
DETERMINATION OF WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE OF THE HEAT POWER INDUSTRY
Authors: Karimov Hennadii , Zienina-Bilichenko Antonina , Zvonarova Kateryna 
Published: June 2021

In market conditions, to ensure the economic development of enterprises are forced to constantly monitor and increase the economic efficiency of their activities. The strategy of the enterprises of the electric power industry should provide for the creation of a comprehensive system of measures aimed at achieving promising efficiency parameters.
The level of profitability is most affected by the size of production costs, which indicates significant amount production costs, but the technical potential of CHP is not exhausted, which allows to increase the load on existing equipment of enterprise.
In addition, the market position is not clearly assigned to the enterprise, which allows for the development of a new market niche in the form of the left bank of the city. The results of the restoration of the heating system on the right and left banks will allow the enterprise to become an integral part of the city's infrastructure.
COLORONYMS AND LUXONYMS AS A MEANS OF CREATING ARTISTIC IMAGE IN HISTORICAL PROSE BY V. IPATOVA AND V. KARATKEVICH
Authors: Shevchenko Mikhail 
Published: June 2021

The article examines the color and light vocabulary, with the help of which the authors create a figurative system of artistic text. It is a universal tool for creating a figurative and expressive characteristics of a real, ethnocultural space. The use of coloronyms and luxonyms in the historical prose of the authors, their linguistic interpretation indicates the determination of the individual author’s specificity of the perception of color by the writer and the adequate associative connection of color combinations arising from the reader.
Creating a masterfully figurative picture or model of a certain ethnic group in the context of a work of art is an important task of every writer who conveys his vision of the world through different semantic groups of words as elements of artistic imagery. This also applies to the corresponding group of vocabulary denoting color and light.
The semantic group of words denoting color is used in any work of art: in one the frequency of use of color designations is greater, in the second - less. Selected literary works on historical themes by V. Ipatova and V. Korotkevich are widely saturated with color vocabulary, which deserves a multifaceted analysis.
The perception of the artistic word is an individualized phenomenon and is unique in the history of national literature and culture in general. The writers virtually penetrated into ancient events, rites and customs, skillfully described their heroes, national color, ethnic culture, social and spiritual life not only of Belarusians but also of other nations. The authors have made extensive use of the color palette, which involuntarily attracts the attention of readers and affects their figurative imagination.
The peculiar style of writing of each author, the lexical and systemic organization of their texts, which organically include coloronyms, give the opportunity to vividly imagine the verbal picture of the world created by the writer. It should be noted that when describing a broad historical panorama, the authors often use color in the lexical microsystem as a means of creating a highly artistic text. Language in works of art of the historical genre acts not only as a means of communication, but also as a carrier of artistic imagery.
Закриття телеканалів News One, ZIK та «112 Україна»: медійний і політичний складник
Authors: Житарюк Марʼян 
Published: June 2021

У статті М. Житарюка проаналізовано тему санкцій Ради Національної безпеки України (РНБО), запроваджених Указом Президента України 2 лютого 2021 р., виявлено глибину прірви в оцінці внутрішньої й зовнішньої політики не тільки пересічними громадянами, а і представниками українського політикуму, громадських організацій, медійного середовища.
Актуальність піднятої в статті проблеми зумовлена потребою переосмислення сучасних медійних практик в Україні (часом нейтральних, тільки в нас зареєстрованих, а часом відверто ворожих до титульної нації), пошуку в них патріотичного та національного складників як запоруки їхньої трансформації і створення нових контентів та ЗМІ, які можна було б вважати не медіа «обслугою» (партій, організацій, корпорацій), а власне українською журналістикою.
Джерельною базою обрано журналістські матеріали на інформаційних ресурсах в інтернеті, які допомагають зʼясувати суть цього складного питання. Наукова методологія дослідження – це осмислення й науковий аналіз інформаційного та політичного контенту, порівняння й узагальнення, досягнуті з допомогою цитатної та графічної візуалізації.
У процесі дослідження використано широку палітру думок щодо усвідомлення / неусвідомлення морально-етичного, професійного, фахового складників в утвердженні національної української журналістики в Україні. Виявлено й низку проблем, що випливають із пасивності та соціальної байдужості сучасних журналістів.
Осмислення піднятої проблеми показало низку негативних системних явищ в інформаційному просторі України, що є результатом політичної маргіналізації та світоглядного релятивізму; цьому сприяли культурна, ментальна, історична спадщини, що постали внаслідок тривалого колоніального становища й численних катастроф. Підмічено й те, що нерідко домінує жага вислужитися перед політичними силами-спонсорами, перед медіавласниками-олігархами.
Зроблено й основний висновок: допоки в професійному журналістському середовищі триватиме дискусія у форматі «Хто кращий? Кого слід покарати?», а не «Треба обʼєднатися задля збереження й розбудови України», доти й наша держава, і наша журналістика будуть у небезпеці.
Борис Грінченко про українські національні справи: епістолярний, мовний та редакторський аспекти
Authors: Яременко Василь 
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена осмисленню епістолярних діалогів Бориса Грінченка про українські національні справи. Зокрема, досліджено епістолярію як складник наукового, публіцистичного і літературного процесу, проблеми унормування мови, літератури, науки в листах Бориса Грінченка, а також з’ясовано діяльність Бориса Грінченка як редактора Кулішевого перекладу Біблії.
З’ясовано, що Грінченко підходив до епістолярної спадщини в історичному освітленні. Не випадково ж, коли Іоіль Руденко передав йому віднайдений у священника на Глухівщині зшиток різних за жанрами давніх творів, а серед них «Листовню» – своєрідну інструкцію і зразки написання листів офіційним і близьким особам, – він відразу опублікував її на сторінках «Земского сборника Черниговской губернии» із власною передмовою. Виокремлено у дослідженні Київський період життя і творчості Бориса Грінченка 1902–1909 рр., який був позначений, крім всього іншого, активним листуванням із діячами науки та культури, видавцями.
У статті підкреслюється, що особливе місце в епістолярних діалогах про низку українських проблем належить листуванню Бориса Грінченка із Ганною Барвінок. Йдеться про підготовку до друку «Оповідань з народних уст» Ганни Барвінок, історико-літературознавчого нарису про неї «Поет жіночого горя» і популяризацію її етнографічно-фольклорних оповідань серед української спільноти.
Окреслено, що листи Б. Грінченка засвідчують прагнення і практичну роботу в царині розвитку національної культури на демократичній, народній основі. Більшість громадських заходів, ініціаторами яких ставали В. Гнатюк і Б. Грінченко, були суголосні потребам часу і ідеї соборності України.
Листи Б. Грінченка до В. Гнатюка засвідчують високий розвиток епістолярного стилю в українській літературі, його публіцистичність.
На основі проведеного дослідження зроблено висновок про те, що Грінченко мав намір створити окремий вид літератури – епістолярну літературу, в тому числі й інтимну епістолярну літературу зі щиро почуттєвим патріотичним змістом і високою культурою викладу. Також, Б. Грінченко був серед тих, хто переконав П. Куліша робити новий переклад Біблії. З’ясовано, що виходу в світ перекладу Біблії передувала копітка робота з виготовлення копій Кулішевого перекладу, яку також взяв на себе Борис Грінченко. Видання Біблії було подією непроминального значення.
Clinical application of enhanced recovery after surgery in lumbar disk herniation patients undergoing dynamic stabilization and discectomy
Authors: Zhang Haoshaqiang , Wang Zhigang , Li Kun 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been demonstrated to improve early postoperative outcomes and is becoming a crucial component of any perioperative management paradigm. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an ERAS protocol on lumbar disk herniation (LDH) patients undergoing dynamic stabilization and discectomy. METHODS: A total of 119 lumbar disk herniation (LDH) patients undergoing Dynesys dynamic stabilization and discectomy were divided into the ERAS (n1 = 56) and control group (n2 = 63). ERAS group received an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, and control group received a traditional care protocol. RESULTS: Both the ERAS and control groups had significantly decreased visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and increased Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score at postoperative 1 week, 1 month and 3 months compared with preoperative scores. Moreover, the ERAS group had lower postoperative VAS score and ODI and higher postoperative JOA score and rate of improved JOA score compared with the control group. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, ambulation time and length of stay were all lower in the ERAS group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The ERAS protocol designed was feasible for LDH patients undergoing dynamic stabilization and discectomy with significantly improved perioperative outcomes.
The Implications of International Urban Rail Transit Operation Project Management: a Case Study of Jerusalem`s Light Rail Project
Authors: Guo Yi 
Published: June 2021

Jerusalem light rail project as the first light rail line in Israel has already been opened and in operation for 5 years, with good operation condition and quite similar operation mode and characteristics to Tel Aviv light rail project. The technical leading member of its operational consortium, French Veolia, has rich experience in overseas rail transit operation and had fully participated in the Jerusalem light rail project since 2005 till being expelled from Israel in 2015. This paper analysis Veolia's 10-year experience and lessons obtained from operation of the Jerusalem light rail project. It was reflected the actual operation environment of the project in Israel and can be used as a crucial reference for the operation of international rail transit.
Role Change of Postgraduates in China's Education System
Authors: Lu Chaoyang , Zhang Zhiping , Jiang Danping , Jing Yanyan , Li Yameng , Zhang Quanguo 
Published: June 2021

With the rapid development of Chinese higher education, postgraduate education has gradually gained public attention. As senior professional and technical talents, postgraduates are the main force of the country's cutting edge technological development. Compared to undergraduates, the study objectives of postgraduates have changed considerably, it is thus important that the learning method should also change correspondingly. Higher postgraduate education should therefore guide postgraduates to change their roles successfully. This study elaborates on why and how postgraduates can change their role, what postgraduates should do, future opportunities, and so on. The result of the study has great significance for the changing role of postgraduates in China's educational system.
Wers na pograniczach wersologii
Authors: Pietras Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

Dotychczasowe teorie wiersza wolnego wypracowane przez polskich wersologów zakładają, że wers jest podstawową i łatwo uchwytną jednostką kompozycyjną tekstu wierszowanego. Tymczasem w poezji polskiej ostatnich dziesięcioleci wyraźnie zaznacza się tendencja do zakłócania wyrazistości podziału na wersy, a nawet do zupełnej rezygnacji z ugruntowanych w tradycji literackiej mechanizmów delimitacji wierszowej (prozodyjnych, rytmicznych czy graficznych). Z drugiej strony, coraz większe znaczenie zdaje się zyskiwać graficzne ukształtowanie utworów poetyckich, spośród których wiele nie mieści się jednak w teorii tekstu graficznego.
W konsekwencji powstają utwory o niejasnym statusie, sytuujące się na pograniczu wiersza wolnego i prozy. Z uwagi na wspomniane założenie teorie wiersza wolnego zaproponowane przez polskich badaczy wydają się nieprzystosowane do opisu mechanizmów kompozycyjnych w tego typu tekstach. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą rozpoznania wyzwań, które przed wersologią stawiają utwory niedające się w sposób bezdyskusyjny zaklasyfikować ani do wiersza wolnego, ani do prozy. Jednocześnie jest to próba wskazania semantycznych możliwości dostępnych wyłącznie na tak rozumianym obszarze pogranicznym.