bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in 2‐substituted benzothiazole scaffold‐based chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Haider Kashif , Rehman Sara , Pathak Ankita , Najmi Abul K. , Yar Mohammad S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTargeted therapy plays a pivotal role in cancer therapeutics by countering the drawbacks of conventional treatment like adverse events and drug resistance. Over the last decade, heterocyclic derivatives have received considerable attention as cytotoxic agents by modulating various signaling pathways. Benzothiazole is an important heterocyclic scaffold that has been explored for its therapeutic potential. Benzothiazole‐based derivatives have emerged as potent inhibitors of enzymes such as EGFR, VEGFR, PI3K, topoisomerases, and thymidylate kinases. Several researchers have designed, synthesized, and evaluated benzothiazole scaffold‐based enzyme inhibitors. Of these, several inhibitors have entered various phases of clinical trials. This review describes the recent advances and developments of benzothiazole architecture‐based derivatives as potent anticancer agents.
Rational engineering and applications of functional bioadhesives in biomedical engineering
Authors: Park Jae , Kim Yeonju , Chun Beomsoo , Seo Jungmok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor the past decades, several bioadhesives have been developed to replace conventional wound closure medical tools such as sutures, staples, and clips. The bioadhesives are easy to use and can minimize tissue damage. They are designed to provide strong adhesion with stable mechanical support on tissue surfaces. However, this monofunctionality of the bioadhesives hinders their practical applications. In particular, a bioadhesive can lose its intended function under harsh tissue environments or delay tissue regeneration during wound healing. Based on several natural and synthetic biomaterials, functional bioadhesives have been developed to overcome the aforementioned limitations. The functional bioadhesives are designed to have specific characteristics such as antimicrobial, cell infiltrative, stimuli‐responsive, electrically conductive, and self‐healing to ensure stability under harsh tissue conditions, facilitate tissue regeneration, and effectively monitor biosignals. Herein, we thoroughly review the functional bioadhesives from their fundamental background to recent progress with their practical applications for the enhancement of tissue healing and effective biosignal sensing. Furthermore, the future perspectives on the applications of functional bioadhesives and current challenges in their commercialization are also discussed.
The sustainable development of the aerospace industry: Drivers and impact of corporate environmental responsibility
Authors: Gangi Francesco , Mustilli Mario , Daniele Lucia Michela , Coscia Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aerospace industry is facing new challenges in managing sustainable development. From an instrumental perspective, eco‐friendly business models should strengthen operations efficiency and improve companies' reputations while also creating conditions for stronger financial performance. Accordingly, the present study examines the drivers leading aerospace companies to engage in corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and its impacts. First, we investigate whether and to what extent the characteristics of the board, as an effective corporate governance (CG) mechanism, foster CER. Second, we analyse the impact of CER engagement on both accounting‐ and market‐based measures of corporate financial performance (CFP). Using a worldwide sample of 157 aerospace companies over the period from 2005 to 2019, this study identifies notable findings. In the first stage, the results show that identified characteristics of the board of directors are positive predictors of higher CER engagement. In the second stage, the findings indicate that CER engagement drives higher profitability and positive appreciation among financial stakeholders. Consistent with this win‐win scenario, we provide empirical support for the conflict resolution hypothesis at the governance level. Furthermore, we recommend that firms in the aerospace industry increase their involvement in environmental policies that enhance competitive advantage and market value.
Smoking status combined with tumor mutational burden as a prognosis predictor for combination immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Li‐Yue , Cen Wen‐Jian , Tang Wen‐Ting , Long Ya‐Kang , Yang Xin‐Hua , Ji Xiao‐Meng , Yang Jiao‐Jiao , Zhang Ren‐Jing , Wang Fang , Shao Jian‐Yong , Du Zi‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the prognostic value of tumor mutational burden (TMB) combined with smoking status in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (anti PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy) combined with chemotherapy or anti‐angiogenesis therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of NSCLC patients who underwent next‐generation sequencing test (either 295‐gene panel NGS or 1021‐gene panel NGS) from September 2017 to November 2020. The relationship between TMB and smoking status was investigated. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to compare progression‐free survival (PFS) of the NSCLC patients who received combination immunotherapy grouped by TMB value and smoking status.ResultsWe enrolled 323 cases and 388 cases of NSCLC patients in the 295‐gene panel cohort and 1021‐gene panel cohort, respectively. Positive correlation between TMB and smoking status was found in lung adenocarcinoma, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Participants with both high TMB and smoking status who received immune checkpoint therapy combined with chemotherapy or anti‐angiogenesis therapy had longer PFS than other participants (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of TMB with smoking status might be a potential predictor for the efficacy of combination immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.
Platanic Acid‐Aryl Enones as Potential Anticancer Compounds: Synthesis and Biological Profiling against Breast, Prostate and Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ganaie Bilal Ahmad , Shahid Mir , Rashid Auqib , Ara Tabassum , Ahmad Banday Javid , Malik Fayaz , Bhat Bilal A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of rationally designed platanic acid‐based compounds derived from naturally occurring betulinic acid were synthesized through a sequence of Lemieux‐Johnson oxidation and Aldol condensation reaction. All the compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer and normal cell lines using MTT assay. From the biological data, it was observed that some of these semi‐synthetic congeners exhibited potent biological profiles compared to platanic acid. One of the compounds with the p‐tolyl substitution was found to be most active in this study, and its cytotoxicity against two of the cell lines, MDA‐MB 231 and A‐549 were in tune with the standard compound, 5‐fluorouracil.
Towards Commercialization of Third‐Generation Biofuel Industry for Sustainable Energy Production in Nigeria
Authors: Shiru Suleiman , Shiru Mohammed Sanusi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to the potential depletion of fossil fuels and the need for the shift from its use to combat the aggravated impacts of climate change, the unsustainable use of these conventional fuels has been widely recognized. This has prompted commercialization of biofuels as an alternative sustainable fuel. This study summarizes the potential of third‐generation biomass feedstocks, algae, for biofuel production on the example of Nigeria, where most biofuel plants still use first‐ and second‐generation feedstocks, which have led to food and land mass competition. It is shown that the production and consumption of third‐generation biofuel is at its infancy in the country. It was also found that the climatic conditions in Nigeria are conducive for the cultivation of microalgae, which are the primary sources of the third‐generation biofuel, even though there are barriers such as inadequate reliable resource database for investment decisions and technical expertise to develop and deploy biofuels in commercial form. The large population of Nigeria is a potential market for biofuel, therefore, commercialization of the third‐generation biofuel can be a viable alternative energy source to conventional fossil fuels and it can generate employment for many in the country.
Photoactivation of Innate Immunity Receptor TLR8 in Live Mammalian Cells by Genetic Encoding of Photocaged Tyrosine
Authors: Yang Yi , Luo Shuchen , Huang Jian , Xiao Yu , Fu Yixuan , Liu Wei , Yin Hang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of innate immune responses relies on an intricate balance between activation and regulation. TLR8, a member of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) family, plays a fundamental role in host defense by sensing viral single‐stranded RNAs (ssRNAs). However, the molecular recognition and regulatory mechanism of TLR8 is not fully understood, especially in a whole‐cell environment. Here, we engineer the first light‐controllable TLR8 model by genetically encoding a photocaged tyrosine, NBY, into specific sites of TLR8. In the caged forms, the activity of TLR8 is masked but can be restored upon decaging by exposure to UV light. To explain the mechanism clearly, we divide the sites with light responsiveness into three groups. They can separately block the ligands that bind to the pockets of TLR8, change the interaction modes between two TLR8 protomers, and interfere with the interactions between TLR8 cytosolic domains with its downstream adaptor. Specifically, we use this chemical caging strategy to probe and evaluate the function of several tyrosine sites located at the interface of TLR8 homodimers with a previously unknown regulatory mode, which may provide a new strategy for TLR8 modulator development. Effects on downstream signaling pathways are monitored at the transcriptional and translational levels in various cell lines. By photoactivating specific cells within a larger population, this powerful tool can provide novel mechanistic insights, with potential in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Fracture simulation of fully and partially threaded bolts under tension
Authors: Yang Fei , Veljkovic Milan , Cheng Lu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe tensile behaviour of bolts has direct effects on the performances of structural bolted joints. Conventional studies mainly focus on the stiffness and strength of bolt assemblies, whereas the deformation and fracture behaviour of fully and partially threaded bolts under tension is rarely investigated. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the fracture behaviour of fully and partially threaded bolts based on the experimental results in literature [5]. Firstly, a combined linear and power stress‐strain relation is used to describe the post‐necking stress‐strain relations of fully and partially threaded bolts. Direct tension tests on fully and partially threaded bolts are modelled using ABAQUS with the explicit solver. The fracture criterion proposed by Bao and Wierzbicki [10] is used to simulate the bolt tensile fracture and thread stripping failure. Numerical results indicate that the large deformation behaviour and the failure mode of fully and partially threaded bolts under tension could be accurately predicted combining the calibrated post‐necking stress‐strain relations and the Bao‐Wierzbicki fracture criterion with suitable parameters.
Behaviour and Design of Cold‐Formed Steel Bolted Portal Frame Connections
Authors: Mojtabaei Seyed Mohammad , Becque Jurgen , Hajirasouliha Iman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCold‐formed steel (CFS) sections have a wide range of applications, among which portal frames take up an ever more popular place. The behaviour of CFS moment‐resisting frames depends mainly on the performance and failure mechanism of their connections (i.e. the beam‐to‐column and column‐to‐base connections). This paper aims to study the structural performance of CFS moment‐resisting connections by investigating a commonly governing failure mode consisting of local buckling of the CFS member web adjacent to the bolted connection. Experimentally validated finite element models of CFS bolted connections were developed in ABAQUS using Python scripts, taking into account material and geometric nonlinearity, geometric imperfections and realistic bolt bearing behavior. The validated models were then used to investigate the effects of the cross‐sectional shape, plate thickness, bolt configuration and bolt group length on the flexural and the axial compressive capacities of CFS bolted connections. It was concluded that, depending on the geometric characteristics of the connection, its ultimate capacity may be significantly affected by the effects of shear lag. The results were subsequently employed to develop design equations for the nominal flexural and axial compressive capacities of CFS bolted moment‐resisting connections.
Structural Study of Steel‐Concrete Double Composite Girder Bridge
Authors: Ohmura Kohei , Imagawa Yusuke , Ohyama Osamu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Japan, the steel‐concrete composite girder bridge is widely used to reduce construction and maintenance cost, and improve constructability and the construction period. As an effort to decrease box girder construction cost, the narrow box girder bridge, which has a reduced box girder width, has been developed. Compared with a conventional box girder bridge, this type of box girder bridge simplifies the structure inside the box by narrowing the space between web plates. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the number of members, welding length and painting area. The average economical span length is approximately 90m. Similarly, in European countries, a new type of composite girder bridge was developed and constructed for the same purpose as the bridge in Japan. The steel‐concrete double composite girder bridge, which has two concrete slabs on the upper and lower surfaces of the girder only in the region of the intermediate supports, is a type of medium span bridge. An advantage of adopting this structural system is that the cross sections of both the sagging and hogging bending moment areas are classified into the compact section at the ultimate limit state; that is, the maximum flexural strength of these sections can be taken full plastic moment. There are few constructed examples of this type of bridge in Japan. Because of the handling difficulty, the shop manufacturing cost of a box girder is, generally, more expensive than that of an I‐girder. Additionally, the design method for bridges has been revised since January 2018 and has changed from the allowable stress design method to the limit state design method in Japan. Therefore, the authors propose a new type of steel‐concrete double composite I‐girder bridge. The trial design of three‐span continuous girder bridges was conducted. In this paper, the effect of double composite action, for instance, the reduction of the girder height in the region of the intermediate supports, and applicable span length are discussed.
Behaviour of Ferritic Stainless Steel Bolted T‐stubs Under Tension‐Part 2: Numerical Investigations
Authors: YAPICI Orhan , THEOFANOUS Marios , DIRAR Samir , YUAN Huanxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFollowing the experimental study on EN 1.4003 ferritic stainless steel T‐stubs in tension discussed in the companion paper, this study reports the development and validation of an advanced FE model that can predict the overall behaviour and failure modes of ferritic stainless steel bolted T‐stubs subjected to tension. Key simulation strategies regarding the modelling of bolt geometry and overcoming numerical instabilities are discussed. Following the determination of material properties in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal direction reported in the companion paper, the effect of allowing for anisotropy in the FE simulations is investigated and modelling recommendations for its inclusion in FE models are made. Moreover, the effect of bolt end and edge spacing on the joint plastic resistance, ultimate capacity, ductility as well as overall response is comprehensively discussed by inspecting the stress distribution through the plate thickness at various locations along the T‐stub, thus revealing both the flexural and the membrane component of the load transfer mechanism. The numerical results were validated against the experimental results reported in the companion paper in terms of predicted plastic and ultimate resistance, ductility and obtained failure modes. On the basis of the obtained results and the discussion, modeling recommendations for the simulation of stainless steel T‐stubs are made.
Numerical modelling of CFST column to I beam end plate joints
Authors: Boukhalkhal Said Hicham , Ihaddoudène A Nacer T , Costa‐Neves Luis F , Madi Wafa , Vellasco Pedro CG , Lima Luciano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of concrete‐filled tubular structural elements around the world has been boosted in recent years. The most common geometries for these sections are circular (CHS), Square (SHS) and rectangular (RHS). They have been extensively used in multi‐story buildings due to their aesthetical features and structural advantages, due to their favorable resistance to weight ratio. One of the limitations for using these geometries is the inaccessibility to the interior of the section, thus arising difficulties and added costs in materializing the connections. This paper presents a numerical study dealing with tubular columns to I beam end plate joints using welded studs as the connecting elements and aiming to evaluate their structural performance. Following a series of full‐scale monotonic tests performed at the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Coimbra, Portugal, with the abovementioned geometry, several numerical models using 3D nonlinear elements have been developed to investigate the mechanical response of these joints.The main variables were the column and beam geometries, the thickness of the hollow sections, and the presence or absence of infilling concrete. The numerical results have been compared to the tests performed under positive and negative bending moments, to validate the finite element model. The numerical model was proven to lead to accurate predictions of the initial stiffness and joint resistance. The model validation was followed by a parametric study with the abovementioned variables to investigate the influence of the governing components and behavioral features. The column face loaded out of its plane proved to be the governing component, with its width‐to‐thickness ratio having a significant role in determining both elastic stiffness and resistance, together with the endplate dimensions and the number of bolt rows in tension.
Numerical investigation on the fatigue life of non‐cracked metallic plates repaired with bonded CFRP
Authors: Mohabeddine Anis , Correia J.A.F.O. , Castro J.M , Montenegro P. , De Jesus A.M.P. , Calçada R.A.B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Europe, a large number of old riveted metallic bridges approach the end of their fatigue life. Past research has shown that the application of CFRP can be very efficient in delaying the crack growth rate of deficient structural elements with existing crack. However, little attention is given to the fatigue resistance of non‐damaged metallic members approaching the end of their fatigue life. This is particularly relevant for old metallic riveted bridges, where many critical components do not have existing cracks. This paper presents a numerical investigation on the fatigue behavior of non‐cracked metallic plates bonded with CFRP using epoxy resin. Nonlinear finite element analyses are performed using the commercial software ABAQUS. The cyclic elasto‐plastic behavior and the fatigue strain life of puddle iron metal are obtained from previous experimental results conducted on specimens extracted from Luiz I Bridge (Porto, Portugal). Debonding failure of the adhesive joint is simulated through the use of cohesive zone model with traction separation law. The cohesive behavior was calibrated using fracture mechanic tests results on the adhesive, conducted in a previous related study. The fatigue crack initiation life was estimated using local approach based on material fatigue strain life. Fatigue resistance curves that relate the number of cycles to failure and the applied nominal stress for unreinforced and reinforced elements are derived. The results show that the application of CFRP can significantly increase the fatigue crack initiation life of a metallic structural component significantly.
Re‐evaluation and extension of fatigue test data for welded attachments and butt joints
Authors: Drebenstedt Karl , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWelded structures under fatigue loading are widely used in civil engineering. The fatigue strength of components such as welded attachments and butt joints are often determining for the dimensioning of bridges, crane runways or tower constructions. The existing design rules of Eurocode 3, Part 1‐9 are mainly based on experimental data. However, the experimental background of Eurocode 3 Part 1‐9 is partly incomplete. Some fatigue detail classifications are based on numerical modelling and engineering judgement. New findings from experimental research allow a revision of these details, leading to higher fatigue strength classifications in many cases.Firstly an overview of an extensive database for fatigue tests on butt joints and welded attachments is addressed. A method for statistical analysis is presented, which allows the consideration of fatigue tests from different sources by using the design philosophy of Eurocode 3 Part 1‐9 and also meeting the requirements of Eurocode 0.The paper is also going to present some new supplementary experimental investigations on a fatigue detail for transverse end welds of cover plates with blended weld toes, which is traditionally used in German bridge design.Finally a revised and simplified fatigue detail catalogue for welded attachments and butt joints is addressed which is intended as a suggestion for the next generation of Eurocode 3 Part 1‐9.
Experimental investigation on fire resistance of CFST columns after earthquake
Authors: Tan Jike , Wang Yuhang , Tang Qi , Wang Weiyong , Su Meini 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPost‐earthquake fire is one of the most prone and dangerous disasters after earthquake. This study investigates the post‐earthquake fire performance of concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns experimentally. An experimental program containing two parts has been carried out ‐ quasi‐static tests and fire tests. During the quasi‐static tests, four square CFST columns were loaded under constant compressive force and cyclic horizontal force, until reaching different degrees of seismic damage. Afterwards, the pre‐damaged columns were loaded under a constant axial compression ratio (i.e. ratio of the applied compressive load to its bearing capacity) of 0.3 at elevated temperatures. The fire resistance time and failure modes of these pre‐damaged CFST columns are reported herein. Local buckling occurred at the bottom of the specimens during the cyclic loading tests, while the mid‐height of the steel tube was found to be softened and buckled seriously during the high temperature tests. When columns reached the limit of fire resistance, their axial deformation increased rapidly. Results showed that pre‐seismic damage significantly affected the fire resistance of specimens – more serious pre‐damage resulted in lower fire resistance. The experimental results will be used to conduct parametric study and propose design rules for the fire performance of CFST columns with different degrees of seismic damage.