bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal analysis of smoke‐free laws and smoking initiation disparities among young adults in the United States
Authors: Titus Andrea R. , Xie Yanmei , Thrasher James F. , Levy David T. , Elliott Michael R. , Patrick Megan E. , Fleischer Nancy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsTobacco control policies may differentially impact smoking initiation among socio‐demographic groups. We measured longitudinal associations between exposure to smoke‐free laws in grade 12 (modal age 18 years) and patterns of smoking initiation in the United States.DesignProspective longitudinal analysis.Setting and ParticipantsWe used data on US young adults sampled at modal age 18 years from the Monitoring the Future Survey. Baseline data were collected between 2000 and 2017, with the last year of follow‐up in 2018. The sample number varied by outcome and time‐point, ranging from 7314 to 17 702.MeasurementsSmoke‐free law coverage in work‐places and hospitality venues (restaurants/bars) was measured as the percentage of the county population covered by each type of law. We examined associations with any past 30‐day smoking initiation and daily smoking initiation at modal ages 19/20, 21/22 and 23/24, using Poisson regression and calculating average marginal effects. We explored effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity and parental education by testing the significance of interaction terms.FindingsWork‐place law coverage at modal age 18 was associated with a lower probability of daily smoking initiation at modal ages 21/22 [−2.4 percentage points (p.p.); 95% confidence interval (CI) = −3.9, –0.9] and 23/24 (−2.0 p.p.; 95% CI = −3.9, –0.2). Hospitality law coverage was associated with a lower probability of daily smoking initiation at modal ages 19/20 (−1.6 p.p.; 95% CI = −2.8, –0.4), 21/22 (−2.3 p.p.; 95% CI = −3.7, –0.9) and 23/24 (−1.8 p.p.; 95% CI = −3.6, –0.0). Findings were inconclusive with regard to associations with any past 30‐day smoking initiation and with regard to effect modification, after adjusting for multiple testing.ConclusionsExposure to smoke‐free laws at age 18 appears to be prospectively associated with reduced daily smoking initiation 1–6 years later.
EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update)
Authors: Muraro Antonella , Worm Margitta , Alviani Cherry , Cardona Victoria , DunnGalvin Audrey , Garvey Lene Heise , Riggioni Carmen , de Silva Debra , Angier Elizabeth , Arasi Stefania , Bellou Abdelouahab , Beyer Kirsten , Bijlhout Diola , Bilò Maria Beatrice , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Brockow Knut , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Halken Susanne , Jensen Britt , Khaleva Ekaterina , Michaelis Louise J. , Oude Elberink Hanneke N. G. , Regent Lynne , Sanchez Angel , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber J. , Roberts Graham ,   European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Food Allergy, Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnaphylaxis is a clinical emergency which all healthcare professionals need to be able to recognize and manage. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Anaphylaxis multidisciplinary Task Force has updated the 2014 guideline. The guideline was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach. The evidence was systematically reviewed and recommendations were created by weighing up benefits and harms. The guideline was peer‐reviewed by external experts and reviewed in a public consultation. The use of clinical criteria to identify anaphylaxis is suggested with blood sampling for the later measurement of tryptase. The prompt use of intramuscular adrenaline as first‐line management is recommended with the availability of adrenaline autoinjectors to patients in the community. Pharmacokinetic data should be provided for adrenaline autoinjector devices. Structured, comprehensive training for people at risk of anaphylaxis is recommended. Simulation training and visual prompts for healthcare professionals are suggested to improve the management of anaphylaxis. It is suggested that school policies reflect anaphylaxis guidelines. The evidence for the management of anaphylaxis remains mostly at a very low level. There is an urgent need to prioritize clinical trials with the potential to improve the management of patients at risk of anaphylaxis.
Usefulness of intraoperative contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography in laparoscopic enucleation of small pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Kai Kengo , Imamura Naoya , Hiyoshi Masahide , Hamada Takeomi , Uchise Yukako , Hatada Hiroshi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Mukai Shoichiro , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Nanashima Atsushi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relatively rare. Surgical resection of the lesion is recommended if no residual tumor remains. Although there is no clear standard for surgical procedures, enucleation can be considered for small lesions. Lesion identification is important for enucleation, and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound which takes advantage of the characteristics of hypervascular lesions was useful in a 68‐year‐old woman who underwent a left nephrectomy for RCC 11 years ago that was pathologically diagnosed as clear cell carcinoma. Recent computed tomography checkup showed a hypervascular tumor of 6 mm in the uncinated process and 10 mm in the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration was performed for the tail lesion, a diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma was made, and laparoscopic enucleation of the pancreatic tumors was performed aided by intraoperative contrast‐enhanced ultrasound. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no pancreatic fistula occurred.
Treatment of a mycobacterial infection in an Eastern Long‐neck turtle (Chelodina longicollis)
Authors: Doneley RJT 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMycobacterial infections are uncommonly diagnosed in reptiles. These infections are often systemic, chronic, and well advanced before presentation and diagnosis. Turtles, both marine and freshwater, appear to have a higher prevalence of the disease than other reptiles, perhaps because of their aquatic environment.Case reportAn Eastern Long‐neck turtle (Chelodina longicollis) was diagnosed with an apparently localised mycobacterial infection in the right foot. Biopsy, culture and PCR were used to make the diagnosis. Treatment with clarithromycin and rifampicin given orally for 9 months appeared to successfully resolve the infection.ConclusionAntemortem diagnosis is difficult although molecular diagnostic techniques are improving the rates of diagnosis. Treatment of mycobacteria is lengthy, difficult and challenging to the patient, the owner and the veterinarian. For this reason, and because of the potential for zoonotic infection, it is infrequently undertaken.
Fimepinostat (CUDC‐907) in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma: report of a phase 2 trial and exploratory biomarker analyses
Authors: Landsburg Daniel J. , Barta Stefan K. , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Batlevi Connie , Iyer Swaminathan , Kelly Kevin , Micallef Ivana N. , Smith Sonali M. , Stevens Don A. , Alvarez Mariano , Califano Andrea , Shen Yao , Bosker Gideon , Parker Jefferson , Soikes Raul , Martinez Elizabeth , von Roemeling Reinhard , Martell Robert E. , Oki Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2021

SummaryFimepinostat (CUDC‐907), a first‐in‐class oral small‐molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, demonstrated efficacy in a phase 1 study of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large and high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL/HGBL), particularly those with increased MYC protein expression and/orMYCgene rearrangement/copy number gain (MYC‐altered disease). Therefore, a phase 2 study of fimepinostat was conducted in this patient population with 66 eligible patients treated. The primary end‐point of overall response (OR) rate for patients with MYC‐IHC ≥40% (n = 46) was 15%. Subsequently, exploratory pooled analyses were performed including patients treated on both the phase 1 and 2 studies based upon the presence of MYC‐altered disease as well as a biomarker identified by Virtual Inference of Protein activity by Enriched Regulon analysis (VIPER). For these patients with MYC‐altered disease (n = 63), the overall response (OR) rate was 22% with seven responding patients remaining on treatment for approximately two years or longer, and VIPER yielded a three‐protein biomarker classification with positive and negative predictive values of ≥85%. Prolonged durations of response were achieved by patients with MYC‐altered R/R DLBCL/HGBL treated with single‐agent fimepinostat. Combination therapies and/or biomarker‐based patient selection strategies may lead to higher response rates in future clinical trials.
The Emergence of a Brain Network for Numerical Thinking
Authors: Hyde Daniel C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEducated adults and children engage a network of frontal and parietal brain regions for numerical thinking. Recent studies document some prominent changes as this network emerges over development, including a unilateral right to bilateral shift in number‐selective parietal brain activity, a strengthening of intra‐ and interhemispheric parietal connections, reduced engagement of prefrontal regions, and decoupling between prefrontal and parietal regions. Based on these findings, it appears that right parietal regions form an innate or early‐emerging basis for representing numerical magnitudes, whereas left parietal regions support the representation of culturally acquired symbolic numbers that begin to emerge over childhood. Functional connections between parietal hemispheres and the parietal and prefrontal cortex likely support associations between magnitudes and symbols, as they are associated with numerical proficiency. Prefrontal regions appear to provide general cognitive resources to support these associations, engaging and correlating positively during the learning process and disengaging and correlating negatively after mastery.
Why Developmental Research on Social Categorization Needs Intersectionality
Authors: Lei Ryan F. , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChildren develop rich concepts of social categories throughout early and middle childhood. Whereas we know much about the development and consequences of many social categories individually, we know less about the development of representations at the intersection of multiple categories—for instance, how children think about race and gender together. This is a critical issue because every person a child meets holds membership in multiple social categories. Thus, overlooking how children integrate information about multiple categories causes a major gap in our understanding of the development of social cognition. An intersectional framework, which considers both how group‐based bias is expressed toward people with one versus multiple minoritized identities and how power structures shape these processes, can help address this issue. In this article, we review research on children's use of race and gender, and describe how an intersectional framework can address gaps in knowledge and advance both equity and theory.
Congenital limb deficiency: Genetic investigation of 44 individuals presenting mainly longitudinal defects in isolated or syndromic forms
Authors: da Rocha Letícia Alves , Pires Lucas Vieira Lacerda , Yamamoto Guilherme Lopes , Magliocco Ceroni José Ricardo , Honjo Rachel Sayuri , de Novaes França Bisneto Edgard , Oliveira Luiz Antônio Nunes , Rosenberg Carla , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita , Kim Chong Ae , Bertola Débora Romeo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCongenital limb deficiency (CLD), one of the most common congenital anomalies, is characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of one or more limb bones and can be isolated or syndromic. The etiology in CLD is heterogeneous, including environmental and genetic factors. A fraction remains with no etiological factor identified. We report the study of 44 Brazilian individuals presenting isolated or syndromic CLD, mainly with longitudinal defects. Genetic investigation included particularly next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and/or chromosomal microarray. The overall diagnostic yield was 45.7%, ranging from 60.9% in the syndromic to 16.7% in the non‐syndromic group. In TAR syndrome, a common variant in 3´UTR of RBM8A, in trans with 1q21.1 microdeletion, was detected, corroborating the importance of this recently reported variant in individuals of African ancestry. NGS established a diagnosis in three individuals in syndromes recently reported or still under delineation (an acrofacial dysostosis, Coats plus and Verheij syndromes), suggesting a broader phenotypic spectrum in these disorders. Although a low rate of molecular detection in non‐syndromic forms was observed, it is still possible that variants in non‐coding regions and small CNVs, not detected by the techniques applied in this study, could play a role in the etiology of CLD.
Human disturbance and shifts in vertebrate community composition in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Vargas Soto Juan S. , Beirne Christopher , Whitworth Andrew , Cruz Diaz Juan Carlos , Flatt Eleanor , Pillco‐Huarcaya Ruthmery , Olson Erik R. , Azofeifa Alejandro , Saborío‐R Guido , Salom‐Pérez Roberto , Espinoza‐Muñoz Deiver , Hay Leslie , Whittaker Lawrence , Roldán Carmen , Bedoya‐Arrieta Ricardo , Broadbent Eben North , Molnár Péter K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how human modification of the landscape shapes vertebrate community composition is vital to understanding the current status and future trajectory of wildlife. Using a participatory approach, we deployed the largest camera‐trap network in Mesoamerica to date to investigate how anthropogenic disturbance shapes the occupancy and co‐occurrence of terrestrial vertebrate species in a tropical biodiversity hotspot: the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. We estimated species richness in different categories of land protection with rarefaction analysis and estimated the expected occupancy with a joint species distribution model that included covariates for anthropogenic disturbance, land protection, habitat quality, and habitat availability. Areas with the most stringent land‐use protections (e.g., Corcovado National Park, 24 species [95% CI 23–25]) harbored significantly more species than unprotected areas (20 species [19.7–20.3]), mainly due to a reduced presence of large‐bodied species of conservation concern in unprotected areas (e.g., jaguar Panthera onca and white‐lipped peccary Tayassu pecari). Small‐bodied generalist species, such as opossums (Didelphidae) and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), in contrast, were more common at disturbed sites, resulting in a significant difference in vertebrate community composition between sites with low and high disturbance. Co‐occurrence of species was also mainly associated with response to disturbance. Similar responses to disturbance create two groups of species, those whose site‐level occupancy usually increased as anthropogenic disturbance increased and those whose estimated occupancy decreased. The absence of large‐bodied species entails an important loss of ecological function in disturbed areas and can hinder forest development and maintenance. Efforts to protect and restore forested landscapes are likely having a positive effect on the abundance of some threatened species. These efforts, however, must be sustained and expanded to increase connectivity and ensure the long‐term viability of the wildlife community.
A dynamic simulation model to support reduction in illegal trade within legal wildlife markets
Authors: Oyanedel Rodrigo , Gelcich Stefan , Mathieu Emile , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSustainable wildlife trade is critical for biodiversity conservation, livelihoods, and food security. Regulatory frameworks are needed to secure these diverse benefits of sustainable wildlife trade. However, regulations limiting trade can backfire, sparking illegal trade if demand is not met by legal trade alone. Assessing how regulations affect wildlife market participants’ incentives is key to controlling illegal trade. Although much research has assessed how incentives at both the harvester and consumer ends of markets are affected by regulations, little has been done to understand the incentives of traders (i.e., intermediaries). We built a dynamic simulation model to support reduction in illegal wildlife trade within legal markets by focusing on incentives traders face to trade legal or illegal products. We used an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach to infer illegal trading dynamics and parameters that might be unknown (e.g., price of illegal products). We showcased the utility of the approach with a small‐scale fishery case study in Chile, where we disentangled within‐year dynamics of legal and illegal trading and found that the majority (∼77%) of traded fish is illegal. We utilized the model to assess the effect of policy interventions to improve the fishery's sustainability and explore the trade‐offs between ecological, economic, and social goals. Scenario simulations showed that even significant increases (over 200%) in parameters proxying for policy interventions enabled only moderate improvements in ecological and social sustainability of the fishery at substantial economic cost. These results expose how unbalanced trader incentives are toward trading illegal over legal products in this fishery. Our model provides a novel tool for promoting sustainable wildlife trade in data‐limited settings, which explicitly considers traders as critical players in wildlife markets. Sustainable wildlife trade requires incentivizing legal over illegal wildlife trade and consideration of the social, ecological, and economic impacts of interventions.
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus: An under recognized differential diagnosis of mitral annular mass
Authors: Habib Andrew , Rizk Judy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 55‐year‐old obese, diabetic and hypertensive female patient with history of cerebrovascular stroke 2 years ago was referred for echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a well‐defined rounded mass located at the posterior mitral annulus. The mass had a sharp hyperechoic outer border and a central echolucency. Transesophageal and three‐dimensional echocardiography confirmed these findings consistent with caseous calcification of the mitral annulus. This case presents a rare variant of mitral annular calcification considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses that can be recognized by its characteristic appearance on echocardiography. As with mitral annular calcification, multiple cardiovascular risk factors are commonly associated.
Young help‐seeker profiles in Israel: The case of the first Israeli headspace centre
Authors: Hoter‐Ishay Gili , Mashiach‐Eizenberg Michal , Roe David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo describe clinical and demographic characteristics of youths who seek help at the first Headspace centre in Israel and their families.MethodsA sample of 291 (65%) of the youths (12‐ to 25‐year‐olds) who applied to Headspace between March 2016 and June 2018 completed an assessment, including reasons for referral and clinical status; the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, evaluating psychological distress; and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, measuring emotional and behavioural difficulties. Their families reported burden of care via the Burden Assessment Scale.ResultsOf the sample, 75% were between the ages of 12 and 17 years (equal gender distribution); for 45%, Headspace was their first encounter with mental health services. Participants' most‐reported referral source was school counsellors (27%), and presenting concern (51%) was emotional problems, mainly depression (18%) and anxiety (16%). Female and older participants had more emotional difficulties than did males and younger participants, respectively. Overall, most help‐seekers expressed high distress levels upon entry, and their family's burden was associated with those levels.ConclusionsThis first study of the first Headspace centre in Israel sheds light on and broadens knowledge about young help‐seekers of Headspace outside of Australia. It emphasizes the trend across all ages of help‐seeking youths with high psychological‐distress levels and the role of family and school staff in the help‐seeking process. Establishing youth services that improve access and deliver early intervention to a widely underserved population at times of high distress can be a global trajectory.
Practical irony: Reflections on a theme in the work of Jonathan Lear
Authors: Thornton Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn his pioneering work,A Case for Irony(2011) Johnathan Lear has advanced a powerful and novel case in support of Søren Kierkegaard's striking thesis that “no genuinely human life is possible without irony.” Lear can be credited for attempting to show not only that irony can play a positive role in living a genuinely human life, but that the role played by irony is genuinely distinctive. However, in this paper, I argue that Lear's use of psychoanalytic theory in making his case for irony is problematic; and I demonstrate that Kierkegaard's own writings contain resources to provide a stronger defense of the stated thesis. In this way, I aim to provide a critical defense of Lear's case for irony by arguing for a return to Kierkegaard in place of psychoanalysis. On my Kierkegaard‐inspired account, the experience of irony erupts as a disciplinary force in cases where an individual's concrete, practical deliberation has been substituted or “swallowed up” by disinterested theoretical contemplation, which has come to function as an uncanny simulacrum of practical deliberation. Here, the experience of irony potentiates a change in thinking.
Host plants of Halyomorpha halys in the urban ecosystem on the Azov Sea Coast of Russia
Authors: Mityushev Ilya M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the summer of 2019, the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), was found for the first time in Yeysk city, the northern part of Krasnodar Krai, Southern Russia. A study was performed in 2019 and 2020 to determine presence and assess damage of H. halys on various plants. In the urban ecosystem of the Azov Sea coast of Russia, H. halys fed on 16 plant species, but no significant damage to any crop was observed. The field maple (Acer campestre L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall), London plane (Platanus × hispanica Münchhausen), Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Oregon grape (Berberis aquifolium Pursh), were recorded as the host plants of H. halys for the first time in Russia.