bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Lost Most Wages and Household Income during the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Poor Rural China?
Authors: Long Wenjin , Zeng Junxia , Sun Tongquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChina managed to eliminate all extreme poverty in rural areas in 2020. Poor households, however, may risk falling back into poverty due to the COVID‐19. This paper examines the impacts of the pandemic on wages and household incomes among different groups in poor areas of rural China. Using a unique dataset from five poverty‐stricken counties, we found that the pandemic has had large negative effects on wage income for migrant workers and workers in manufacturing, the private sector, and small enterprises. Compared with households relying on wage income, households relying on small businesses have suffered much more from the pandemic, whereas households depending on farming or transfer payments have been less affected. Although poor and ethnic minority households lost significant amounts of wage income due to the pandemic, they did not lose more household income than nonpoor and nonminority households. We conclude that support from the government has kept vulnerable households from suffering more than other households from the effects of COVID‐19. Our findings suggest that the government can play a strong role in alleviating the negative impacts of the COVID‐19.
Work‐from‐home productivity during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Morikawa Masayuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the productivity of working from home (WFH) practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results reveal that the mean WFH productivity relative to working at the usual workplace was about 60%–70%, and it was lower for employees and firms that started WFH practice only after the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, there was a large dispersion of WFH productivity, both by individual and firm characteristics. Highly educated and high‐wage employees tended to exhibit a small reduction in WFH productivity. The results obtained from the employee and employer surveys were generally consistent with each other.
A year in perspective: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on engagement with Jigsaw youth mental health services
Authors: Rossouw Johannes , Carey Eleanor , Doyle Elizabeth , O'Brien Gillian , Cullinan Sarah , O'Reilly Aileen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for young people and youth mental health services. To address a gap in knowledge about the impact of the pandemic and associated restrictions on youth mental health services, this paper examined the nature of young people's engagement with Jigsaw's brief intervention service during the pandemic.MethodData gathered from young people engaging with Jigsaw's brief intervention service in the 12 months after the official declaration of the COVID‐19 pandemic (n = 6161), and 12 months prior (n = 8665) were examined.ResultsThere were less referrals to Jigsaw during the pandemic, especially during lockdown periods, but this rebounded when public health restrictions were eased. A higher proportion of females (p < .001) and 12–17 year olds (p < .001) were referred during the pandemic period. There was an increase in the proportion of young people who presented with anxiety (p < .001) and sleep changes (p < .001). Although 12–16 year olds reported significantly higher levels of distress during the pandemic (p < .05), the effect size was small. Young people reported high levels of satisfaction with the new phone/video modes of support offered by Jigsaw, and the overall attendance rate improved during the pandemic period.ConclusionsThe impact of COVID‐19 on young people's mental health needs to be considered as a priority. This paper is helpful for services considering the long‐term mental health needs of young people, and the best way of meeting those needs.
Foraging behaviours lead to spatiotemporal self‐similar dynamics in grazing ecosystems
Authors: Ge Zhenpeng , Liu Quan‐Xing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiological behaviour‐driven self‐organized patterns have recently been confirmed to play a key role in ecosystem functioning. Here, we develop a theoretical phase‐separation model to describe spatiotemporal self‐similar dynamics, which is a consequence of behaviour‐driven trophic interactions in short‐time scales. Our framework integrates scale‐dependent feedback and density‐dependent movement into grazing ecosystems. This model derives six types of selective foraging behaviours that trigger pattern formation for top‐down grazing ecosystems, and one of which is consistent with existing foraging theories. Self‐organized patterns nucleate under moderate grazing intensity and are destroyed by overgrazing, which suggests ecosystem degradation. Theoretical results qualitatively agree with observed grazing ecosystems that display spatial heterogeneities under variable grazing intensity. Our findings potentially provide new insights into self‐organized patterns as an indicator of ecosystem transitions under a stressful environment.
Quantification of Advective Transport Phenomena to Better Understand Dispersion in the Field
Authors: de Lange Willem J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObservation of dispersion in field situations has left three issues that may be better understood by applying advective transport phenomena. (1) In some experiments, the longitudinal dispersivity becomes constant with increasing pathlength and in other cases it remains growing. (2) Dispersivities reported from multiple comprehensive observations at a single site differ at similar pathlength in some cases more than a factor two. (3) The observed difference between the plume fronts and plume tails is not represented in the reported parameters. The analytic equations for advective transport phenomena at macroscale of De Lange (2020) describe the thickness of the affected flow‐tube and the spread of the plume front and tail. The scale factor defines the size of the averaging domain and so of the initial phase. The new macroscale correlation coefficient relates the growth of the longitudinal dispersivity beyond the initial phase to the aquifer heterogeneity. Using stochastic parameters for the aquifer heterogeneity, the parameters are quantified at 14 field experiments in the United States, Canada and Europe enabling the comparison of calculated and reported final dispersivities. Using the quantified parameters, 146 reported and calculated dispersivities along the traveled paths show a good match. A dispersivity derived from the local plume growth may differ a factor of two from the aquifer‐representative value. The growths of plume fronts and tails between two plume stages are assessed in 14 cases and compared to calculated values. Distinctive parameters for the plume front and tail support better understanding of field situations. A user‐ready spreadsheet is provided.
Travail et technologie – Réflexion sur un siècle de débat dans la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: HOWCROFT Deborah , RUBERY Jill 
Published: November 2021

RésuméL'objet de ce numéro du centenaire est de dresser le bilan d'un siècle de débats sur les rapports entre travail et technologie, tels qu'en rendent compte divers articles de la Revue internationale du Travail. La récente vague d'intérêt pour le changement sociotechnique et ses implications quant à l'avenir du travail conduit de nombreux commentateurs à affirmer que nous sommes à l'aube d'un changement sans précédent, un véritable séisme. Cette sélection de quatorze articles publiés entre 1925 et 2020 vient à point nommé alimenter la réflexion sur des questions de fond qui restent d'actualité.
A standardised inventory for New Zealand's stopbank (levee) network and its application for natural hazard exposure assessments
Authors: Crawford‐Flett Kaley , Blake Daniel M. , Pascoal Eduardo , Wilson Matthew , Wotherspoon Liam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlooding is New Zealand's most frequent natural hazard, responsible for the highest number of declared civil defence emergencies and greatest regular economic loss. Stopbanks (levees) perform a critical flood protection function in all regions of the country. However, there have been limited and inconsistent records on the location and physical attributes of these stopbanks at a national level. Through collaboration with regional government representatives, we provide the first standardised national inventory of stopbanks, the New Zealand Inventory of Stopbanks (NZIS). The NZIS provides a standardised geospatial overview of New Zealand's 5284 km long stopbank network, enabling spatial reviews and comparisons of flood protection characteristics at national and regional scales. Around 64% of New Zealand's total stopbank length is situated within five regions (Canterbury, Waikato, Southland, Manawatū‐Whanganui and Bay of Plenty), while the nation's most densely population region, Auckland, accounts for just 1.9% of the total national stopbank length. Our research uses the NZIS geospatial dataset to conduct a preliminary exposure assessment of New Zealand's stopbank network to seismic and co‐seismic hazards; including proximity to known active earthquake faults, ground shaking intensities and susceptibility to liquefaction and landslides. Preliminary exposure assessments provide an example of how the NZIS can be adopted and applied.
Ultrasound assessment of abdominal adipose panniculus in patients treated with a single session of cryolipolysis in a clinical setting
Authors: Ponga‐Manso Montserrat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of cryolipolysis treatment (four‐to‐six cycles in one session) for reducing abdominal fat.MethodsRetrospective study conducted on consecutive healthy women who underwent one session of cryolipolysis for abdominal fat reduction. Ultrasound images (USI) were acquired at baseline and at month 6 after treatment. A patient‐tailored approach based on adipose tissue depth and architecture was selected.ResultsThirty women were included. The mean age was 51.4 ± 3.4 years, and 27 (90%) were menopausal. At month 6, the mean abdominal fat layer thickness reduction was 46.6% (41.2%–51.9%). The mean contour was significantly reduced from 84.3, 99.2, 90.6, and 97.1 cm to 81.0, 93.6, 85.8, and 92.2 cm in the infracostal, supraumbilical, umbilical, and ischiopubic regions, respectively; p < 0.0001 each. There were no significant changes in weight, body mass index, fat mass, or lean mass throughout the study. After adjusting for smoking, exercise, hypothyroidism, and type of fat, there was a significant reduction in abdominal fat layer thickness (−4.5 ± 0.9 mm, p < 0.0001) and contour measurements in infracostal (−3.3 ± 2.4 mm, p = 0.0317); supraumbilical (−4.8 ± 2.1 mm, p = 0.0254); umbilical (−5.6 ± 2.3, p = 0.0161); and ischiopubic (−4.9 ± 1.8 mm, p = 0.0080). The qualitative analysis of the USI suggested the appearance of numerous bands of ordered and structured collagen fibers.ConclusionsFour‐to‐six cycles of cryolipolysis, administered in one session, seemed to be a safe and effective procedure for reducing localized fat in the abdominal region in this sample. Additionally, ultrasound images suggested that cryolipolysis was associated with a skin quality improvement and neocollagenesis.
High serum fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with inferior hepatocellular carcinoma survival: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Zhao‐yan , Luo Yan , Fang Ai‐ping , Wusiman Maierhaba , He Tong‐tong , Liu Xiao‐zhan , Yishake Dinuerguli , Chen Si , Lu Xiao‐ting , Zhang Yao‐jun , Zhu Hui‐lian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsEpidemiological evidence linking fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis lacked. We aimed to evaluate the associations between serum FGF21 levels and HCC survival in a large prospective cohort.Methods825 newly diagnosed, previously untreated HCC patients from the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort were enrolled between September 2013 and April 2017. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA. Liver cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsCompared with patients in the lowest tertile of serum FGF21 levels, patients in the highest tertile had inferior survival outcomes. HRs in the fully adjusted models were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.94; P‐trend = .014) and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.97; P‐trend = .002) for LCSS and OS, respectively. The associations were not significantly modified by selected metabolic disorder diseases or state such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, cirrhosis, and body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2, except for that stronger associations were observed in patients co‐occurred more than three metabolic disorder diseases (P‐interaction = .046 for OS and .151 for LCSS), with an HR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.85; P‐trend = .009) for OS and 1.51 (95% CI: 0.73, 3.10; P‐trend = .195) for LCSS.ConclusionsHigher serum FGF21 levels were associated with worse survival in HCC patients, suggesting that serum FGF21 may be used as a novel metabolism‐related prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Alien Guts? Exploring Lives of and with Irritable Bowels in Denmark
Authors: Laursen Camilla Brændstrup , Meinert Lotte , Grøn Lone 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a health challenge in Denmark, especially among young and middle‐aged people. It raises questions about control, alienation, responsiveness, and responsibility in relation to the body in welfare societies. Based on long‐term ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores how young and middle‐aged Danes diagnosed with IBS inhabit and relate to their bodies. Previous studies have described how IBS patients experience their bodies to be unreliable, unpredictable, and embarrassing. Drawing on phenomenological explorations of bodily alterity, we argue that the gut transforms into “an other” for the afflicted. It is involved in a restless process in which it sometimes emerges as “me,” sometimes as “not‐me,” and sometimes as “not‐not‐me.” People attempt to theorize and control their gut trouble, yet it continuously escapes their grasp. How do people live with and care for such an alienness‐within? Does an IBS diagnosis make bodies feel more or less alien?
Neurotherapeutic implications of sense and respond strategies generated by astrocytes and astrocytic tumours to combat pH mechanical stress
Authors: John Sebastian , K. G. Gayathri , Krishna Aswani P. , Mishra Rashmi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsAstrocytes adapt to acute acid stress. Intriguingly, cancer cells with astrocytic differentiation thrive even better in an acidic microenvironment. How changes in extracellular pH (pHe) are sensed and measured by the cell surface assemblies that first intercept the acid stress, and how this information is relayed downstream for an appropriate survival response remains largely uncharacterized.MethodsIn vitro cell‐based studies were combined with an in vivo animal model to delineate the machinery involved in pH microenvironment sensing and generation of mechanoadaptive responses in normal and neoplastic astrocytes. The data was further validated on patient samples from acidosis driven ischaemia and astrocytic tumour tissues.ResultsWe demonstrate that low pHe is perceived and interpreted by cells as mechanical stress. GM3 acts as a lipid‐based pH sensor, and in low pHe, its highly protonated state generates plasma membrane deformation stress which activates the IRE1‐sXBP1‐SREBP2‐ACSS2 response axis for cholesterol biosynthesis and surface trafficking. Enhanced surface cholesterol provides mechanical tenacity and prevents acid‐mediated membrane hydrolysis, which would otherwise result in cell leakage and death.ConclusionsIn summary, activating these lipids or the associated downstream machinery in acidosis‐related neurodegeneration may prevent disease progression, while specifically suppressing this key mechanical ‘sense‐respond’ axis should effectively target astrocytic tumour growth.
Tal2b targets and activates the expression of OsF3H03g to hijack OsUGT74H4 and synergistically interfere with rice immunity
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhang Haimiao , Yuan Bin , Liu Haifeng , Kong Lingguang , Chu Zhaohui , Ding Xinhua 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Transcription activator‐like (TAL) effectors are major virulence factors secreted by the type III secretion systems of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causing bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, respectively, in rice. However, the knowledge of Xoc TAL effector function in promoting bacterial virulence remains limited.

Here, we isolated the highly virulent Xoc strain HGA4 from the outbreak region of Huanggang (Hubei, China), which contains four TAL effectors not found in the Chinese model strain RS105. Among these, Tal2b was selected for introduction into RS105, which resulted in a longer lesion length than that in the control.

Tal2b directly binds to the promoter region of the gene and activates the expression of OsF3H03g, which encodes 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase in rice. OsF3H03g negatively regulates salicylic acid (SA)‐related defense by directly reducing SA, and it plays a positive role in susceptibility to both Xoc and Xoo in rice.

OsF3H03g interacts with a uridine diphosphate‐glycosyltransferase protein (OsUGT74H4), which positively regulates bacterial leaf streak susceptibility and may inactivate SA via glycosylation modification.
The GhMYB36 transcription factor confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stress by enhancing PR1 gene expression in plants
Authors: Liu Tingli , Chen Tianzi , Kan Jialiang , Yao Yao , Guo Dongshu , Yang Yuwen , Ling Xitie , Wang Jinyan , Zhang Baolong 
Published: November 2021

SummaryDrought and Verticillium wilt disease are two main factors that limit cotton production, which necessitates the identification of key molecular switch to simultaneously improve cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae and tolerance to drought stress. R2R3‐type MYB proteins could play such a role because of their conserved functions in plant development, growth, and metabolism regulation, however, till date a MYB gene conferring the desired resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses has not been found in cotton. Here, we describe the identification of GhMYB36, a gene encoding a R2R3‐type MYB protein in Gossypium hirsutum, which confers drought tolerance and Verticilium wilt resistance in both Arabidopsis and cotton. GhMYB36 was highly induced by PEG‐simulated drought stress in G. hirsutum. GhMYB36‐silenced cotton plants were more sensitive to both drought stress and Verticillium wilt. GhMYB36 overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis and cotton plants gave rise to improved drought tolerance and Verticillium wilt resistance. Transient expression of fused GhMYB36‐GFP in tobacco cells was able to localize GhMYB36 in the cell nucleus. In addition, RNA‐seq analysis together with qRT‐PCR validation in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GhMYB36 revealed significantly enhanced PR1 expression. Luciferase interaction assays indicated that GhMYB36 are probably bound to the promoter of PR1 to activate its expression and the interaction, which was further verified by Yeast one hybrid assay. Taken together, our results suggest that GhMYB36 functions as a transcription factor that is involved in drought tolerance and Verticillium wilt resistance in Arabidopsis and cotton by enhancing PR1 expression.
Interactions and associated resistance development mechanisms between microplastics, antibiotics and heavy metals in the aquaculture environment
Authors: Li Zhen , Junaid Muhammad , Chen Guanglong , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs), antibiotics and heavy metals unavoidably contaminate the aquaculture environment, with serious ecological and human health consequences. Antibiotic‐resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) are induced in microorganisms in the environment as a defence mechanism against antibiotics and heavy metals respectively. Furthermore, heavy metals in the aquaculture environment will cause bacteria to employ antibiotic resistance through co‐selection (co‐resistance or cross‐resistance) and other potential mechanisms. MPs may also act as potential carriers of multidrug resistance in aquaculture environments because they are hotspots for the enrichment and transmission of antibiotic resistance. Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) microorganisms in the aquaculture environment may infiltrate aquatic organisms via the food chain (eg MDR‐microorganisms→myctophids→ tuna/ squid/ whales/ seabirds/ seals), and after long‐term enrichment, they may gain access to the human body, posing a major risk to aquaculture and human health. As a result, this review article summarises contamination of MPs, heavy metal and antibiotics in global aquaculture settings; discusses the generation of ARGs, MRGs and common selection mechanisms for resistance development and emphasises the role of MPs as hot spots for antibiotic‐resistance selective enrichment, as well as potential carriers of multi‐drug‐resistant genes (MDRGs), in the aquaculture environment, posing an increasing threat to aquaculture and even human health.
Early steps to kidney transplantation among persons with HIV and end‐stage renal disease in ESRD network 6
Authors: Adekunle Ruth O. , Zhang Rebecca , Wang Zhengsheng , Patzer Rachel E. , Mehta Aneesh K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionEnd‐stage renal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV (PWH). Limited data exist on access to kidney transplantation for this population.MethodsA dataset inclusive of incident dialysis patients between 2012 and 2016 with follow‐up through December 2017 that identifies PWH and the general dialysis population of Network 6 (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina) was created through merging the United States Renal Data System with the southeastern early transplant access registry. Early steps to kidney transplantation and patient and dialysis facility‐level characteristics that serve as barriers to transplantation were described.ResultsTwenty‐three thousand four hundred fourteen patients were identified; 469 were PWH. Compared to non‐HIV individuals, PWH were younger (49 vs. 58 years, p < 0.001), predominantly Black (87% vs. 56% p < 0.001) and male (72% vs. 56% p < 0.001). PWH were less likely to be referred to kidney transplant within 1 year of starting dialysis (36% vs. 41% p < 0.001) and waitlisted within 1 year of evaluation‐start (14% vs. 30%, p = 0.05). PWH (vs. non‐PWH) waited longer for referral, evaluation‐start, and waitlisting and in multivariable analysis; HIV positivity was associated with a lower probability of referral (hazard ratios [HR]: 0.70; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.62–0.80), evaluation (HR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.55–0.80), and waitlisting (HR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.20–0.41).ConclusionsTargeted interventions are needed to improve access to kidney transplants, particularly in waitlisting, for PWH.