bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of gastrointestinal pH on speciation of copper in simulated digestive juice
Authors: Wu Min , Ke Leqin , Zhi Mingyu , Qin Yumei , Han Jianzhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpeciation can provide knowledge about absorption, reactivity to binding sites, bioavailability, toxicity, and excretion of elements. In this study, the speciation of copper in different model solutions under the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) pH was studied by ion selective electrode (ISE) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). It was found that the electrode response (mV) against Cu2+ decreased with the increase in pH and dropped to the lowest point at pH 7.5 in all model solutions. When amino acids and organic acids were present, the ratio of filtered copper (0.45 μm, pH 7.5) was more than 90%. When casein was present, whey protein, pancreatin, and starch were added, and the ratio of filtered copper was 85.6 ± 0.3, 56.7 ± 8.8, 38.5 ± 5.1, and 1.0 ± 0.3%, respectively. When there is not enough organic ligand, excessive copper will form copper hydroxide precipitation with the increase in pH, but it got the highest electrode response (mV) against Cu2+. From this study, it can be concluded that the speciation of copper in GI tract is strongly influenced by the pH and the composition of food. When there are few ligands coexisting in the GI tract, the concentration of copper ion may be relatively high.
Histone‐deacetylase 8 drives the immune response and the growth of glioma
Authors: Mormino Alessandro , Cocozza Germana , Fontemaggi Giulia , Valente Sergio , Esposito Vincenzo , Santoro Antonio , Bernardini Giovanni , Santoni Angela , Fazi Francesco , Mai Antonello , Limatola Cristina , Garofalo Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany epigenetic modifications occur in glioma, in particular the histone‐deacetylase class proteins play a pivotal role in glioma development, driving the proliferation rate and the invasiveness of tumor cells, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated the role of the histone deacetylase HDAC8 in the regulation of the immune response in glioma and tumor growth. We found that inhibition of HDAC8 by the specific inhibitor PCI‐34051 reduces tumor volume in glioma mouse models. We reported that HDAC8 modulates the viability and the migration of human and murine glioma cells. Interestingly, HDAC8 inhibition increases the acetylation of alpha‐tubulin, suggesting this epigenetic modification controls glioma migration. Furthermore, we identify HDAC8 as a key molecule that supports a poorly immunogenic tumor microenvironment, modulating microglial phenotype and regulating the gene transcription of NKG2D ligands that trigger the Natural Killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells. Altogether, these results identify HDAC8 as a key actor in glioma growth and tumor microenvironment, and pave the way to a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of immune escape in glioma.
ANFIS modeling of biodiesels' physical and engine characteristics: A review
Authors: Janardhana Kedri , Sridhar S. , Dixit Chandra K. , Deivakani M. , Tamilselvi S. , Kaladgi Abdul Razak , Afzal Asif , Baig Maughal Ahmed Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract Population increase has resulted in an increase in the worldwide demand for alternative fuels due to depleting resources. There is a periodic increase in concern about the engine performance, pollutant emissions, and their predictions, from an engine using biodiesels. The use of intelligent algorithms in modeling and forecasting alternative fuels characteristics and their performance in engines are critically reviewed in this study. The paper aims at demonstrating with artificial intelligence methodologies the main conclusions of the recent research done for the above topic from 2012 to 2020. This article attempted to demonstrate an exploratory examination of the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) soft computing technique used for the exact measurement and analysis of engine performance, emissions of exhaust engines when biodiesel is used as an alternative fuel. Additionally, the yield of biodiesel and their different characteristics predicted using ANFIS are also reviewed. Integration of particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and response surface methodology (RSM), either for comparison or optimization with ANFIS is presented. The summary of all studies is provided in tabular form. For the demonstration purpose, the ANFIS studies predicting different biodiesel and engine characters are provided with illustrative figures. The ANFIS prediction related to biodiesel used engine and biodiesel self‐characteristics is found to be excellent. The ANFIS accuracy reported is better than the artificial neural network (ANN) accuracy. A minimum of 0.9R2value is generally obtained which is around 5% greater than the ANN modeling results reported. However, the ANFIS predictions are much more fitter than the RSM predictions. The integration of ANFIS‐PSO and ANFIS‐GA provided much more optimized results.
Mutational profiles of metastatic colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab before and after secondary resection (AIO KRK 0306; FIRE‐3)
Authors: Stahler Arndt , Heinemann Volker , Holch Julian Walter , von Einem Jobst Christian , Westphalen Christoph Benedikt , Heinrich Kathrin , Schlieker Laura , Jelas Ivan , Alig Annabel Helga Sophie , Fischer Laura Elisabeth , Weiss Lena , Modest Dominik Paul , von Weikersthal Ludwig Fischer , Decker Thomas , Kiani Alexander , Moehler Markus , Kaiser Florian , Kirchner Thomas , Jung Andreas , Stintzing Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSecondary resection of metastases is recommended in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Data describing changes in mutational profiles of corresponding primary tumor and metastatic tissue after conversion treatment are limited. Next generation sequencing was performed in formalin‐fixed mCRC samples from patients of the FIRE‐3 trial (FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab) before treatment start (baseline) and after secondary resection of metastases (post baseline). Changes of mutational profiles and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were assessed within a post‐hoc analysis. Median overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) were compared between treatment arms. Paired tumor samples were obtained from 25 patients (19 RAS wild‐type, 6 RAS mutant by pyrosequencing). ORR (92.0% vs 58.0%) and OS (60.8 vs 35.4 months, hazard ratio = 0.39 [95% CI 0.14‐1.12], P = .08) were higher for patients receiving cetuximab. After conversion therapy, 56 alterations (42 in the cetuximab and 14 in the bevacizumab arm) were newly observed in 18 patients (9 each treated with cetuximab or bevacizumab). Gains (n = 21) and losses (n = 21) of alterations occurred during cetuximab‐based treatment, while mainly gains of alterations occurred during bevacizumab (n = 10). Three of nine patients treated with cetuximab that presented a change of mutational profiles, developed resistance to cetuximab. Mutational profiles were largely comparable before and after treatment with anti‐VEGF or anti‐EGFR directed monoclonal antibodies after secondary resection. Mutations associated with resistance to anti‐EGFR antibodies were observed in only one‐third of patients.
Cancer Predisposition Sequencing Reporter (CPSR): A flexible variant report engine for high‐throughput germline screening in cancer
Authors: Nakken Sigve , Saveliev Vladislav , Hofmann Oliver , Møller Pål , Myklebost Ola , Hovig Eivind 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe value of high‐throughput germline genetic testing is increasingly recognized in clinical cancer care. Disease‐associated germline variants in cancer patients are important for risk management and surveillance, surgical decisions and can also have major implications for treatment strategies since many are in DNA repair genes. With the increasing availability of high‐throughput DNA sequencing in cancer clinics and research, there is thus a need to provide clinically oriented sequencing reports for germline variants and their potential therapeutic relevance on a per‐patient basis. To meet this need, we have developed the Cancer Predisposition Sequencing Reporter (CPSR), an open‐source computational workflow that generates a structured report of germline variants identified in known cancer predisposition genes, highlighting markers of therapeutic, prognostic and diagnostic relevance. A fully automated variant classification procedure based on more than 30 refined American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria represents an integral part of the workflow. Importantly, the set of cancer predisposition genes profiled in the report can be flexibly chosen from more than 40 virtual gene panels established by scientific experts, enabling customization of the report for different screening purposes and clinical contexts. The report can be configured to also list actionable secondary variant findings, as recommended by ACMG. CPSR demonstrates comparable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of pathogenic variants when compared to other algorithms in the field. Technically, the tool is implemented in Python/R, and is freely available through Docker technology. Source code, documentation, example reports and installation instructions are accessible via the project GitHub page: https://github.com/sigven/cpsr.
Antimagic orientation of graphs with minimum degree at least 33
Authors: Shan Songling 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn antimagic labeling of a directed graph with vertices and arcs is a bijection from the set of arcs of to the integers such that all oriented vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where an oriented vertex sum is the sum of labels of all arcs entering that vertex minus the sum of labels of all arcs leaving it. A graph has an antimagic orientation if it has an orientation that admits an antimagic labeling. Hefetz, Mütze, and Schwartz conjectured that every connected graph admits an antimagic orientation. In this paper, we show that every bipartite graph with no vertex of degree 0 or 2 admits an antimagic orientation and every graph with minimum degree at least 33 admits an antimagic orientation.
Recent progress in the synthesis of azoles and related five‐membered ring heterocycles using silica‐supported heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Chanu Leimajam Vartima , Singh Okram Mukherjee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, silica‐supported heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as efficient green catalysts for the development of synthetic protocols of bioactive heterocycles. These catalysts possess better significant features when compared with the activities of homogeneous catalysts. Azoles are five‐membered nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds that possess a wide range of medicinal properties. In this review, a summary of the recent progress on silica‐supported heterogeneous catalyzed synthetic methods of azoles and related five‐membered heterocycles is presented.
Function of the crocodilian anterior cruciate ligaments
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Yamakawa Satoshi , Iijima Masaya , Fujie Hiromichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important knee stabilizer that prevents the anterior subluxation of the tibia. Extant crocodiles have two ACLs, the ACL major and minor, yet their functional roles are unclear. We here examined in‐situ forces within the ACL major and minor in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) with a 6‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic testing system under the following loading conditions: (a) 30 N anterior tibial load at 150°, 120°, and 90° knee extension; (b) 1 Nm internal/external torque at 150° and 120° knee extension; (c) 30 N anterior tibial load +1 Nm internal/external torque at 150° and 120° knee extension. The In‐situ force in the ACL minor was significantly higher than that of the ACL major in response to anterior tibial load at 90° knee extension, and anterior tibial load + external torque at both 150° and 120° knee extension. Meanwhile, the force in the ACL major was significantly higher than that of the ACL minor in response to internal torque at 120° knee extension, and anterior tibial load + internal torque at 150° knee extension. The present results showed that the ACL minor and major of saltwater crocodiles have different functions. In response to anterior tibial load + internal/external torques, either of two ACLs reacted to opposing directions of knee rotation. These suggest that two ACLs are essential for walking with long axis rotation of the knee in crocodiles.
The rhipidoglossan radula: Formation and morphology of the radula in Puncturella noachina (Linnaeus, 1771) (Fissurellidae, Vetigastropoda)
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Herbert David G. , Kantor Yuri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rhipidoglossan radula, which is characterized by presence of a central tooth, several lateral teeth, and numerous (more than 10) long marginal teeth in each transverse row, is found in three different subclasses, that is, Vetigastropoda, Neritomorpha and “lower” Heterobranchia. Details of radula formation and its ultrastructure have not been studied in any species with a rhipidoglossan radula. For the first time, we present such data for one vetigastropod species, Puncturella noachina. The radula itself and the radula formation zone were studied using light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy. We identify the major features of Vetigastropoda rhipidoglossan radula formation, that is: the posterior bifurcation of the radula formation zone, creating paired horns into which the zones of formation of the marginal teeth extend; the supporting structure in the radula formation zone extends ventrally to strengthen this division; the odontoblasts of the marginal teeth form a multi‐layered epithelium; membranoblasts do not differ from odontoblasts in ultrastructure; in some membranoblasts and cells of the sub‐ and supraradular epithelium basal bodies were found in the apical regions of the cells.
Cold‐active catalase from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium griseofulvum
Authors: Krumova Ekaterina , Abrashev Radoslav , Dishliyska Vladislava , Stoyancheva Galina , Kostadinova Nedelina , Miteva‐Staleva Jeny , Spasova Boryana , Angelova Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCold‐active catalase (CAT) elicits great interest because of its vast prospective at the medical, commercial, and biotechnological levels. The study paper reports the production of cold‐active CAT by the strain Penicillium griseofulvum P29 isolated from Antarctic soil. Improved enzyme production was achieved by optimization of medium and culture conditions. Maximum CAT was demonstrated under low glucose content (2%), 10% inoculum size, temperature 20°C, and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) 40%. An effective laboratory technology based on changing the oxidative stress level through an increase of DO in the bioreactor was developed. The used strategy resulted in a 1.7‐ and 1.4‐fold enhanced total enzyme activity and maximum enzyme productivity. The enzyme was purified and characterized. P. griseofulvum P29 CAT was most active at approximately 20°C and pH 6.0. Its thermostability was in the range between 5°C and 40°C.
Ginger and 6‐gingerol prevent lipopolysaccharide‐induced intestinal barrier damage and liver injury in mice
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Xuan , Zhang Yun‐Dan , Wang Tian‐Cai , Wang Xin‐Lu , Xu Yan‐Yang , Wang Yong , Qiu Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInflammation‐related diseases present a significant public health problem. Ginger is a flavoring spice and medicinal herb with anti‐inflammatory activity. This study investigated the preventive effects of ginger extract (GE) and its main bioactive component, 6‐gingerol (6G), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver injury in mice.RESULTSGE and 6G were orally administered to mice for seven consecutive days before LPS administration. After 24 h, the mice were sacrificed. GE and 6G were found to significantly reverse LPS‐induced inflammation in the mouse ileum by modifying the NF‐κB pathway. They also alleviated apoptosis in the ileum by downregulating Bax and cytochrome c gene expression and by inhibiting the caspase‐3 pathway. Through the aforementioned mechanisms, GE and 6G restored the intestinal barrier by increasing ZO‐1 and claudin‐1 protein expressions. Gut‐derived LPS induced inflammation and apoptosis in the liver; these effects were markedly reversed through GE and 6G treatment. 6G was the most abundant component in GE, as evidenced through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and accounted for >50% of total gingerols and shogaols in GE.CONCLUSIONThe current results support the use of GE and 6G as dietary supplements to protect against gut‐derived endotoxemia‐associated inflammatory response and disorders. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of in vitro angiotensin‐converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from draft beer by virtual screening and molecular docking
Authors: Wenhui Tian , Shumin Hu , Yongliang Zhuang , Liping Sun , Hua Yin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHypertension and diabetes are two kinds of senile diseases which often occur simultaneously. The commonly used drugs in clinic may produce certain side effects. Food‐derived polypeptide is a kind of polypeptide with great development potential, which has many functions of regulating human physiological function. Beer is rich in nutrition but there are few researches on bioactive peptides in beer.RESULTSIn this study, a rapid virtual screening method was established to obtain bioactive peptides from Tsingtao draft beer. The peptide sequence was analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Orbitrap‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS2), and 50 peptides were identified. Eight peptides with potential biological activities were screened by using Peptide Ranker software and previous literature references. On the basis of absorption prediction, toxicity prediction, and molecular docking analysis, LNFDPNR and LPQQQAQFK were finally confirmed. The molecular docking results showed that two peptides could bind angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) tightly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The in vitro activity evaluation results showed that two peptides had obvious ACE and DPP‐IV inhibitory activity.CONCLUSIONThis study established a method for rapidly screening bioactive peptides from Tsingtao draft beer, screened two ACE and DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides in beer and analyzed their active action mechanism. This article may have great theoretical significance and practical value to further explore the health function of beer. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multifocality is not associated with worse survival in sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Hallbera , Graham Rondell P. , Sonbol Mohamad B. , Smoot Rory L. , Truty Mark J. , Kendrick Michael L. , Nagorney David M. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Cleary Sean P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) in patients with hereditary cancer syndromes are typically multifocal. In contrast, sporadic pNETs are usually unifocal and the incidence of multifocal sporadic pNETs is unknown. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of multifocality in sporadic pNETs and any associated effect on recurrence risk and survival.MethodsPatients who underwent resection of pNETs at Mayo Clinic from 2000 to 2019 were identified and clinical data were obtained from medical records. Syndromic disease was defined as pNETs arising in the setting of a hereditary cancer syndrome. Statistical comparisons were made using χ2, Fisher's exact, and Kruskal–Wallis tests and survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsSix hundred and sixty‐one patients with sporadic pNETs and fifty‐nine with syndromic pNETs were identified. Multifocal disease was present in 4.8% of sporadic patients and 84.7% of syndromic patients (p < .001). Within patients with sporadic pNETs, clinicopathologic features and recurrence‐free and overall survival were similar between patients with unifocal and multifocal disease.ConclusionsMultifocal sporadic pNETs are rare and multifocality is not associated with worse survival or increased recurrence risk. Patients with multifocal sporadic pNETs can likely be safely managed with a combination of resection and observation as indicated for each tumor.
Exploring the cultural legitimacy of backpacker ideology and identity
Authors: Farrelly Francis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research explores cultural legitimacy to establish the relevance of backpacker ideology to backpacker identity. Cultural legitimacy is important because backpacker identity is shaped by ideology and ideology forms the basis for determining what is legitimate. It is also important as questions have been asked in the literature whether backpacker ideology is something that is espoused rather than practiced, because there are differing views in this regard, and because there is very little research that considers ideology from the member perspective. The research contributes to the backpacker literature by identifying how backpacker ideology frames what is culturally legitimate.
Modeling Recurrence in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis With Mobile Peak Expiratory Flow
Authors: Kimura Kyle , Du Liping , Berry Lynn D. , Huang Li‐Ching , Chen Sheau‐Chiann , Francis David O. , Gelbard Alexander ,   North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC)
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisWe sought to establish normative peak expiratory flow (PEF) data for patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS), evaluate whether immediate changes in PEF after a procedure predict long‐term treatment response, and test if a decline in longitudinal PEF is associated with disease recurrence.Study DesignInternational, prospective, 3‐year multicenter cohort study of 810 patients with untreated, newly diagnosed, or previously treated iSGS.MethodsiSGS patients consented and enrolled in the North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) iSGS1000 cohort recorded PEF data on a mobile smartphone app. Cox regression tested the associations between the magnitude of postoperative PEF improvement and longitudinal 90‐day PEF decline with the risk of disease recurrence.ResultsWithin the NoAAC iSGS1000 cohort, 810 patients participated in a 3‐year prospective study comparing surgical treatment efficacy and 385 had appropriate PEF measurements and follow‐up data. Of those patients, 42% (161/385) required at least one operation during study follow‐up. The mean PEF preceding operative intervention was 241 L/min (95% confidence interval [CI]: 120–380) corresponding to a predicted PEF of 52%. The mean increase in PEF following a procedure was 111 L/min (95% CI: 96–125 L/min). Interestingly, the magnitude of immediate PEF improvement was not predictive of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] for 100 L/min increase = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.60–1.00). However, recurrence was associated with the magnitude of PEF decline over 90 days (30% vs. 10% decline, HR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–3.0).ConclusionsWe provide normative PEF data on a large iSGS patient cohort. The degree of PEF improvement immediately after surgery was not associated with a longer procedure‐free interval. However, a 30% decline in PEF over 90 days was associated with elevated risk of disease recurrence.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:E2841–E2848, 2021