bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and power analysis of social networks built from count data
Authors: Hart Jordan D. A. , Franks Daniel W. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Weiss Michael N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Power analysis is used to estimate the probability of correctly rejecting a null hypothesis for a given statistical model and dataset. Conventional power analyses assume complete information, but the stochastic nature of behavioural sampling can mean that true and estimated networks are poorly correlated. Power analyses do not currently take the effect of sampling into account. This could lead to inaccurate estimates of statistical power, potentially yielding misleading results.

Here we develop a method for computing network correlation: the correlation between an estimated social network and its true network, using a Gamma–Poisson model of social event rates for networks constructed from count data. We use simulations to assess how the level of network correlation affects the power of nodal regression analyses. We also develop a generic method of power analysis applicable to any statistical test, based on the concept of diminishing returns.

We demonstrate that our network correlation estimator is both accurate and moderately robust to its assumptions being broken. We show that social differentiation, mean social event rate and the harmonic mean of sampling times positively impacts the strength of network correlation. We also show that the required level of network correlation to achieve a given power level depends on many factors, but that 0.80 network correlation usually corresponds to around 80% power for nodal regression in ideal circumstances.

We provide guidelines for using our network correlation estimator to verify the accuracy of networks built from count data, and to conduct power analysis. This can be used prior to data collection, in post hoc analyses or even for subsetting networks in dynamic network analysis. The network correlation estimator and custom power analysis methods have been made available as an r package.
A model selection approach to structural equation modelling: A critical evaluation and a road map for ecologists
Authors: Garrido Mario , Hansen Scott K. , Yaari Rami , Hawlena Hadas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Structural equation modelling (SEM) can illuminate complex interaction networks of the sort found in ecology. However, selecting optimally complex, data‐supported SEM models and quantifying their uncertainty are difficult processes. To this end, we recommend a formal model selection approach (MSA) that uses information criteria.

Using a suite of numerical simulations, we compare MSA‐SEM against two traditional methods.

We find that MSA‐SEM exhibits superior, unbiased results under the suboptimal realistic conditions characteristic of ecological studies. We then provide a road map for MSA‐SEM and demonstrate its use via a case study.

We illustrate the unique abilities of SEM to confirm a network structure within the realm of known causal pathways and delineate the boundaries within which MSA‐SEM should be applied.
Breaking the general practice‐hospital divide: Engaging primary care practitioners in multidisciplinary cancer care
Authors: Fairweather Luke , Tham Nicole , Pitcher Meron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo integrate primary care into multidisciplinary cancer meetings and improve communication between hospital‐ and community‐based care providers.MethodsA 12‐week pilot study was conducted at Western Health, implementing a model of care, where two general practitioners (GPs) were recruited from the local community to attend weekly breast and lung multidisciplinary meetings in a liaison role as a primary care representative (PCR). Community GPs and hospital specialists were surveyed at the end of the study to assess the impact of this model of care.ResultsAll stakeholders agreed that two‐way communication between hospital‐ and community‐based care was improved. The role of the PCR enabled better engagement of GPs in cancer care, allowing them to manage their patients with more confidence. Patient information contributed by GPs provided a wider context for hospital specialist treatment planning and decision making.ConclusionThis project has demonstrated an effective model to integrate primary care practitioners in multidisciplinary cancer care, as it enables timely and relevant two‐way communication between the community and hospital care.
Short‐term outcomes of robot‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer compared with video‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Morimoto Yosuke , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Ishikawa Aiko , Matsuda Satoru , Hijikata Nanako , Ando Makiko , Mayanagi Shuhei , Irino Tomoyuki , Nakamura Rieko , Wada Norihito , Tsuji Tetsuya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and feasibility of robot‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the short‐term outcomes of RAMIE with extended lymphadenectomy and conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in order to investigate the safety and feasibility of RAMIE.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 87 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy at our institution between April 2018 and March 2020 was made, assigning 22 in the RAMIE group and 65 in the MIE group. Short‐term clinical outcomes and clinical baseline data were compared.ResultsThe baseline characteristics were comparable. No significant difference in median thoracic phase blood loss and median number of dissected mediastinal lymph nodes were observed. The median operative time of thoracic approach was significantly longer in the RAMIE group than the MIE group (305 minutes [221–397] vs 227 minutes [133–365], P < .0001). With respect to postoperative complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (Clavien–Dindo ≥ grade II) (RAMIE 4.6% vs MIE 17%, P = .11) and postoperative pneumonia (Clavien–Dindo ≥ grade III) (RAMIE 9% vs MIE 23%, P = .13), no significant difference was observed. The patients in the RAMIE group had a better postoperative swallowing function (P = .023) and were able to start oral food intake significantly earlier (P = .007). The median hospital stay was significantly shorter in the RAMIE group than in the MIE (23 days vs 35 days, P = .009).ConclusionsRAMIE with extended lymphadenectomy was safe and feasible for esophageal cancer and resulted in improved postoperative swallowing function and shorter postoperative hospital stay.
Production time, effectiveness and costs of additive and subtractive computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) of implant prostheses: A systematic review
Authors: Mühlemann Sven , Hjerppe Jenni , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the dental literature for clinical studies reporting on production time, effectiveness and/or costs of additive and subtractive computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) of implant prostheses.Materials and methodsA systematic electronic search for clinical studies from 1990 until June 2020 was performed using the online databases Medline, Embase and Cochrane. Time required for the computer‐aided design (CAD) process, the CAM process, and the delivery of the CAD‐CAM prostheses were extracted. In addition, articles reporting on the effectiveness and the costs of both manufacturing technologies were included.ResultsNine clinical studies were included reporting on subtractive CAM (s‐CAM; 8 studies) and additive CAM (a‐CAM; 1 study). Eight studies reported on the s‐CAM of prosthetic and auxiliary components for single implant crowns. One study applied a‐CAM for the fabrication of an implant bar prototype. Time was provided for the CAD process of implant models (range 4.9–11.8 min), abutments (range 19.7–32.7 min) and crowns (range 11.1–37.6 min). The time for s‐CAM of single implant crown components (abutment/crown) ranged between 8.2 and 25 min. Post‐processing (e.g. sintering) was a time‐consuming process (up to 530 min). At delivery, monolithic/veneered CAD‐CAM implant crowns resulted in additional adjustments chairside (51%/93%) or labside (11%/19%).ConclusionsNo scientific evidence exists on production time, effectiveness and costs of digital workflows comparing s‐CAM and a‐CAM. For both technologies, post‐processing may substantially contribute to the production time. Considering effectiveness, monolithic CAD‐CAM implant crowns may be preferred compared to veneered CAD‐CAM crowns.
Influence of soft tissue augmentation procedures around dental implants on marginal bone level changes—A systematic review
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Therese Kröger Annika , Dietrich Thomas , Kebschull Moritz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review assessed the influence of soft tissue augmentation procedures on marginal bone level changes in partial or fully edentulous patients.Material and MethodsWe identified three relevant PICO questions related to soft tissue augmentation procedures and conducted a systematic search of four major electronic databases for clinical studies in systemically healthy patients receiving at least one dental implant and a minimum follow‐up of one year after implant placement. The primary outcome was mean difference in marginal bone levels, and secondary outcomes were clinical and patient‐related outcomes such as thickness of peri‐implant mucosa, bleeding indices, and Pink Esthetic Score.ResultsWe identified 20 publications reporting on 16 relevant comparisons. Studies varied considerably and thus only two meta‐analyses could be performed. This systematic review showed that:Soft tissue augmentation either for augmentation of keratinized mucosa or soft tissue volume inconsistently had an effect on marginal bone level changes when compared to no soft tissue augmentation, but consistently improved secondary outcomes.The combination soft and hard tissue augmentation showed no statistically significant difference in terms of marginal bone level changes when compared to hard tissue augmentation alone, but resulted in less marginal soft tissue recession as shown by a meta‐analysis.Soft or hard tissue augmentation performed as contour augmentations resulted in comparable marginal bone level changes.ConclusionsPeri‐implant soft and hard tissues seem to have a bidirectional relationship: “Bone stands hard, but soft tissue is the guard”.
What is the influence of implant surface characteristics and/or implant material on the incidence and progression of peri‐implantitis? A systematic literature review
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Bertl Kristina , Winning Lewis , Polyzois Ioannis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo answer the focused question, ‘In animals or patients with dental implants, does implant surface characteristics and/or implant material have an effect on incidence and progression of peri‐implantitis?’Material and MethodsPre‐clinical in vivo experiments on experimental peri‐implantitis and clinical trials with any aim and design, and ≥5 years follow‐up, where the effect of ≥2 different type of implant material and/or surface characteristics on peri‐implantitis incidence or severity, and/or progression, implant survival or losses due to peri‐implantitis, and/or marginal bone levels/loss was assessed.ResultsMeta‐analyses based on data of pre‐clinical experiments, using the ligature induced peri‐implantitis model in the dog, indicated that after the spontaneous progression phase implants with a modified surface showed significantly greater radiographic bone loss (effect size 0.44 mm; 95%CI 0.10–0.79; p = .012; 8 publications) and area of infiltrated connective tissue (effect size 0.75 mm2; 95%CI 0.15–1.34; p = .014; 5 publications) compared to non‐modified surfaces. However, in 9 out of the 18 included experiments, reported in 25 publications, no significant differences were shown among the different implant surface types assessed. Clinical and/or radiographic data from 7605 patients with 26,188 implants, reported in 31 publications (20 RCTs, 3 CTs, 4 prospective cohort, and 4 retrospective studies; 12 with follow‐up ≥10 years), overall did not show significant differences in the incidence of peri‐implantitis, when this was reported or could be inferred, among the various implant surfaces. In general, high survival rates (90–100%) up to 30 years and no clinically relevant differences in marginal bone loss/levels, merely compatible with crestal remodelling, were presented for the various implant types.ConclusionPre‐clinical in vivo experiments indicate that surface characteristics of modified implants may have a significant negative impact on peri‐implantitis progression, while clinical studies do not support the notion that there is a difference in peri‐implantitis incidence among the various types of implant surfaces. No assumptions can be made regarding the possible impact of implant material on incidence and/or peri‐implantitis progression due to limited information.
Patient’s perception of timing concepts in implant dentistry: A systematic review
Authors: Gotfredsen Klaus , Hosseini Mandana , Rimborg Susie , Özhayat Esben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProtocols for implant dentistry, most frequently include periods until healing of the extraction sockets and osseointegration of the implant. Deductional thinking imply that patients would prefer if treatment time in implant dentistry were reduced.AimWhat is the patient perception of immediate or early implant placement or loading in comparison with traditional, delayed placement, and/or loading assessed by patient‐reported outcome measures, as evidenced in randomized controlled clinical trials or prospective controlled studies?Material and methodsA systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines with a literature search up to June 30. All hits were imported into Rayyan online software and analyzed by two authors for eligibility. Cochrane RoB2.0 and Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale were used to evaluate risk of bias in the individual studies.ResultsOf the initially 1439 articles, 76 underwent full‐text analysis and finally 40 articles, representing 35 cohort studies, were included. The quality evaluation demonstrated some concerns among most of the studies.Conclusiona) There is no strong evidence to support that the time for implant placement or loading of implant‐supported single or short‐span reconstructions or overdentures influence patients´ discomfort, satisfaction with function or esthetics or overall satisfaction with the implant treatment. b) There is some evidence that studies including edentulous patients rehabilitated with implant‐supported full‐arch FDPs demonstrate more satisfied patients with immediate than for the early or delayed loaded implant reconstructions after short time, but the difference is not clear one year after treatment.
Time and costs related to computer‐assisted versus non‐computer‐assisted implant planning and surgery. A systematic review
Authors: Graf Tobias , Keul Christine , Wismeijer Daniel , Güth Jan Frederik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo study the time and costs involved with computer‐assisted versus non‐computer‐assisted implant planning and placement.Material and methodsBased on the PICO question, “In patients receiving dental implants, is computer‐assisted implant planning and surgery (CAIPS) compared to non‐computer‐assisted implant planning and surgery (non‐CAIPS) beneficial in terms of treatment related costs and time involved?”, a search path was created to perform an electronic search in the databases PubMed, PubMed Central, EMBASE, and Cochrane. The publication period of eligible publications extended from 01.01.2005 to 04.05.2020. Four independent reviewers reviewed the literature to identify studies that met the eligibility inclusion criteria. A further manual search of articles was performed, and gray literature was excluded. Corresponding authors of potentially eligible manuscripts were contacted for further information.ResultsOf the 1354 retrieved titles after the search were screened. Thirty‐one articles have been identified to read the full text, resulting in four articles to be analyzed for the present review all of which were RCTs. In total, 182 partially and completely edentulous patients were treated with 416 implants following either non‐computer‐assisted or computer‐assisted implant planning and surgery to determine the duration of the single working steps and the financial aspects of the different procedures.ConclusionsWhen evaluating the time and costs involved with the diagnostic and planning procedures in computer‐assisted implant planning and surgery workflow protocols, one can summarize that these are higher than in the non‐computer‐assisted workflow protocols. The time involved with the procedures appears to be the driving factor when it comes to economic considerations. On the basis of the conclusions, also the time for the prosthetic restoration should be taken into account.
BLK polymorphisms and expression level in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Yin Bo‐Wen , Li Bin , Mehmood Arshad , Yuan Congcong , Song Shuang , Guo Ruo‐Yi , Zhang Lu , Ma Tianzhao , Guo Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the correlation between B‐lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) polymorphism, mRNA gene expression of BLK, and NMOSD in a Chinese Han population.BackgroundB‐lymphoid tyrosine kinase gene expressed mainly in B cells plays a key role in various autoimmune disorders. However, no studies have investigated the association of BLK polymorphisms with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsHan Chinese population of 310 subjects were recruited to analyze three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs13277113, rs4840568, and rs2248932) under allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies, followed by clinical characteristics stratified analysis. Real‐time PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression levels of BLK in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 64 subjects.ResultsPatients with NMOSD showed lower frequencies of the minor allele G of rs2248932 than healthy controls (odds ratio (OR) =0.57, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.39–0.83, p = 0.003). The association between minor allele G of rs2248932 and reduced NMOSD susceptibility was found by applying genetic models of inheritance (codominant, dominant, and recessive) and haplotypes analysis. Subsequently, by stratification analysis for AQP4‐positivity, the minor allele G frequencies of rs2248932 in AQP4‐positive subgroup were significantly lower than in the healthy controls (OR =0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.72, p = 0.001). Notably, the genotype GG of rs2248932 was more frequent in AQP4‐negative subgroup (n = 14) than in AQP4‐positive subgroup (n = 93) (p = 0.003, OR =0.05, 95% CI =0.01–0.57). BLK mRNA expression levels in the NMOSD patients (n = 36) were lower than in healthy controls (n = 28) (p < 0.05). However, the acute non‐treatment (n = 7), who were untreated patients in the acute phase from the NMOSD group, showed BLK mRNA expression levels 1.8‐fold higher than healthy controls (n = 8) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study evaluated that the minor allele G of rs2248932 in BLK is associated with reduced susceptibility to NMOSD and protected the risk of AQP4‐positive. BLK mRNA expression in NMOSD was lower as compared to healthy controls while significantly increased in acute‐untreated patients.
Effect of deep brain stimulation on brain network and white matter integrity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang Li‐Chuan , Chen Li‐Guo , Wu Ping‐An , Pang Cheng‐Yoong , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Tsai Sheng‐Tzung , Chen Shin‐Yuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN)‐deep brain stimulation (DBS) on brain topological metrics, functional connectivity (FC), and white matter integrity were studied in levodopa‐treated Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients before and after DBS.MethodsClinical assessment, resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed pre‐ and post‐DBS in 15 PD patients, using a within‐subject design. The rs‐fMRI identified brain network topological metric and FC changes using graph‐theory‐ and seed‐based methods. White matter integrity was determined by DTI and tract‐based spatial statistics.ResultsUnified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS‐ III) scores were significantly improved by 35.3% (p < 0.01) after DBS in PD patients, compared with pre‐DBS patients without medication. Post‐DBS PD patients showed a significant decrease in the graph‐theory‐based degree and cost in the middle temporal gyrus and temporo‐occipital part‐Right. Changes in FC were seen in four brain regions, and a decrease in white matter integrity was seen in the left anterior corona radiata. The topological metrics changes were correlated with Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) and the FC changes with UPDRS‐III scores.ConclusionSTN‐DBS modulated graph‐theoretical metrics, FC, and white matter integrity. Brain connectivity changes observed with multi‐modal imaging were also associated with postoperative clinical improvement. These findings suggest that the effects of STN‐DBS are caused by brain network alterations.
The impact of cuff width on perceptual responses during and following blood flow restricted walking exercise
Authors: Fallon Nicole E. , Urbina Emely , Whitener Dominic V. , Patel Mana H. , Exner Ryan J. , Dankel Scott J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAn appropriate comparison of different cuff widths during blood flow restricted exercise requires that the cuffs are inflated to the same relative pressures. Narrow cuffs tend to be preferred and may reduce discomfort when applied during resistance exercise, but whether this is also true during walking exercise remains unknown.MethodsIndividuals completed two identical walking trials, once with 12‐cm wide cuffs and once with 17‐cm wide cuffs. Five 2‐min walking bouts were completed at a speed of 50 m/min, with a 1‐min rest period between sets. The restriction cuffs were inflated to 40% of the individuals’ arterial occlusion pressure taken with each respective cuff. Individuals were asked to rate their discomfort, perceived exertion (RPE), and cuff preference.ResultsTwenty‐seven individuals completed the study. The 12‐cm cuff required a higher occlusion pressure which resulted in a higher absolute pressure applied (58 vs. 52 mm Hg; BF10 = 19 331.897). Whilst there was no difference in RPE values between cuffs (BF10 = 0.474), individuals reported greater discomfort when using the wider cuffs (2.3 vs. 1.7; BF10 = 252.786). The majority of individuals (63%) preferred to use the narrower cuff, whereas fewer preferred the wider cuff (26%) and even fewer did not have a preference (11%).DiscussionBlood flow restricted walking exercise performed with narrower restriction cuffs appeared to reduce participant discomfort whilst also being preferred over that of wider cuffs. Future studies may wish to test the influence of different restrictive cuff widths on alterations in gait patterns during blood flow restricted walking exercise.