bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysphagie bei Multipler Sklerose – ein unterschätztes Symptom?
Authors: Eckardt Carolin , Vay Sabine Ulrike , Warnke Clemens , Flossdorf Pia , Weinert Melanie 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund In Deutschland sind schätzungsweise 240.000 Menschen an Multipler Sklerose (MS) erkrankt. Neben sensiblen, motorischen, vegetativen und neuropsychologischen Funktionsstörungen ist die Dysphagie ein sicherlich hochrelevantes, stark beeinträchtigendes und zugleich bislang nicht gut untersuchtes Symptom der Erkrankung.Ziel der Arbeit Dieser Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Studienlage zur Dysphagie bei MS geben und es dem Leser ermöglichen, die Wahrnehmung für das Symptom Schluckstörung zu schärfen. Techniken zur weiterführenden Diagnostik und Therapie werden vorgestellt mit dem langfristigen Ziel, betroffenen Patienten mit MS zukünftig verbesserte Hilfe zu bieten und ihre Lebensqualität zu verbessern.Methode Zur Entstehung, Manifestation, Diagnostik- und Therapiemöglichkeiten bei MS-bedingter Dysphagie wurde eine strukturierte Literaturrecherche zur aktuellen Studienlage in pubmed durchgeführt. Aufgrund fehlender Klasse-1-Evidenz aus prospektiven Studien, insbesondere zur Diagnostik und zu den Therapiemöglichkeiten, wurden auch Studien mit kleineren Fallzahlen oder Pilotprojekte mit berücksichtigt.Ergebnisse und Diskussion In bildgebenden Methoden, wie der Fiberoptischen Endoskopischen Evaluation des Schluckens und der Videofluroskopie, lassen sich Schluckstörungen objektivieren. Je nach gewählter Methode zur Erfassung der Schluckstörung wird die Häufigkeit der Dysphagie bei MS-Erkrankten sehr unterschiedlich angegeben (von 38 % bis 81 %). Es ist jedoch davon auszugehen, dass die Dysphagie als bewusstes Symptom sowohl vonseiten der betroffenen Personen mit Multipler Sklerose als auch ihren Behandlern stark unterschätzt wird. Spezifische Behandlungen werden laut aktueller Daten aus dem deutschen MS-Register nur bei 30 % der betroffenen Patienten durchgeführt.
Muskuloskelettale Therapie im Praxisalltag bei Patienten mit Gonarthrose
Authors: Ebling Christopher 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungGonarthrose gehört zu den häufigsten Krankheitsbildern in Deutschland und verursacht Invalidität, Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Einbußen in der Lebensqualität. Dies führt zu Herausforderungen für konservative Therapien, insbesondere die Manuelle Therapie, die trotz wissenschaftlicher Empfehlungen insuffizient verordnet wird. Ziel der Arbeit war, hemmende und fördernde Faktoren im Praxisalltag von Ärzten, Physiotherapeuten und Patienten bei der Wahl von Manueller Therapie bei Gonarthrose herauszufinden. In der qualitativen Studie wurden 23 Ärzte, Physiotherapeuten und Patienten in halbstrukturierten Interviews befragt. Die Transkriptionen wurden mittels zusammenfassender Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Daraus wurden induktiv Kategorien gebildet.Vier Kategorien wurden identifiziert, die hemmende und fördernde Aspekte bei der Wahl von Manueller Therapie bei Gonarthrose lieferten: „Bedingungen im Gesundheitssystem“, „Erfahrungen mit der Therapiemethode Manuelle Therapie“, „Die Rolle der Patienten“ und „Zusammenarbeit“. Diese geben Aufschlüsse bezüglich der Entscheidungen der Gesundheitsdienstleister und Patienten bei der Wahl von Manueller Therapie in der konservativen Therapie von Gonarthrose.
Chemosaturation with Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion: Outcome and Safety in Patients with Metastasized Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Dewald Cornelia Lieselotte Angelika , Hinrichs Jan B. , Becker Lena Sophie , Maschke Sabine , Meine Timo C. , Saborowski Anna , Schönfeld Leon Jonas , Vogel Arndt , Kirstein Martha M. , Wacker Frank K. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose Chemosaturation percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP) allows selective intrahepatic delivery of high dose cytotoxic melphalan in patients with curatively untreatable liver tumors while limiting systemic toxicity through hemofiltration of the hepatic venous blood. Aim of this study was to investigate the response to therapy, survival and safety of the CS-PHP procedure in patients with liver-dominant metastatic uveal melanoma (UM).
Materials and Methods Overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST1.1). Median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS) and hepatic progression-free survival (mhPFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimation. Adverse events were evaluated with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.
Results Overall, 30 patients were treated with 70 CS-PHP in a salvage setting from October 2014 to January 2019. In total, ORR and DCR were 42.3 % and 80.8 %, respectively. Overall, mOS was 12 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 7–15) months, and both, mPFS and mhPFS were 6 months, respectively (95 % CI 4–10; 95 % CI 4–13). Adverse events (AE) most frequently included significant but transient hematologic toxicities (87 % of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia), less frequent AEs were hepatic injury extending to liver failure (3 %), cardiovascular events including one case of ischemic stroke (3 %).
Conclusion Salvage treatment with CS-PHP is effective in selected patients with UM. The interventional procedure is safe. Serious hepatic and cardiovascular events, although rare, require careful patient selection and should be closely monitored.
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Total Flavonoids of Bidens pilosa Ameliorates Bone Destruction in Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Hong Mengqin , Fan Xingyu , Liang Shengxiang , Xiang Wang , Chen Liting , Yang Yuzhong , Deng Yueyi , Yang Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the infiltration of synovial inflammatory cells and progressive joint destruction. Total flavonoids of Bidens pilosa have been used against inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, but its role in bone destruction remains to be explored. The aim of this paper was to study whether total flavonoids of B. pilosa relieve the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in rats, particularly whether it regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin signaling pathway. In this research, a collagen-induced disease model was induced in adult rats by subcutaneous injection of collagen II. Total flavonoids of B. pilosa at different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg/d) were administered intragastrically, while methotrexate (1 mg/kg/w) was injected intraperitoneally as a positive control. Paw swelling, arthritis score, and body weight were assessed and evaluated. The severity of joint damage was determined using X-ray and confirmed by histopathology. The expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, osteoprotegerin, IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF in the serum and tissue were assayed using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. We found that total flavonoids of B. pilosa attenuated collagen-induced arthritis at the macroscopic level, and total flavonoids of B. pilosa-treated rats showed reduced paw swelling, arthritis scores, and X-ray appearance of collagen-induced arthritis in addition to improved histopathological results. These findings were consistent with reduced serum and tissue receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-17 levels but increased osteoprotegerin levels. Our data suggest that total flavonoids of B. pilosa attenuate collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB/osteoprotegerin pathway and the subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, total flavonoids of B. pilosa may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval Trends: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Ionescu Filip , Anusim Nwabundo , Ma Eva , Qu Lihua , Blankenship LeAnn M. , Stender Michael , Jaiyesimi Ishmael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecognition of the adverse events of inferior vena cava filters (VCFs) has prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue safety warnings (2010 and 2014), advocating for removal, once the risk of pulmonary embolism has abated. Despite an initial increase in retrieval rates, these remain low (25–30% at 1 year in 2014). We retrospectively investigated retrieval trends in adults with VCFs placed between 2015 and 2018 at a single institution. The rate of retrievable VCF removal accounting for the competing risk of death was the main outcome. There were 494 VCFs placed (305 retrievable). The cumulative incidence of retrieval remained low (21% at 1 year), even after the second FDA warning (2014). Patients who resumed anticoagulation (AC) at any time were more likely to have retrieval (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.6, p < 0.01) and had higher retrieval rates at every time point (31.4 vs. 7.6% at 1 year). Advanced age (HR = 0.98 per year, p = 0.004), stroke (HR = 0.28, p = 0.028), and active malignancy (HR = 0.42, p = 0.006) predicted nonretrieval. Device-related complications were infrequent (<1%) but thrombotic complications occurred early and were more common for nonretrieved VCFs (17 vs. 12%, p = 0.29). Revision of guidelines to recommend active surveillance for the ability to tolerate AC in the immediate postimplantation period may improve retrieval rates.
Pediatric Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Two Unique Cases with a Review of all Reported Children
Authors: Desai Neelu , Badheka Rahul , Shah Nitin , Udani Vrajesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) has been well described in adults, but pediatric cases are yet under recognized. We described two children with RCVS and review similar already published pediatric cases. The first patient was a 10-year-old girl who presented with severe headaches and seizures 3 days after blood transfusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed changes compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiogram showed diffuse vasoconstriction of multiple cerebral arteries. The second patient was a 9-year-old male child who presented with severe thunderclap headaches. Brain MRI showed isolated intraventricular hemorrhage. Computed tomography/MR angiogram and digital subtraction angiogram were normal. A week later, he developed focal neurological deficits. Repeated MR angiogram showed diffuse vasospasm of multiple intracranial arteries. Both children recovered completely. A clinico-radiological review of previously reported childhood RCVS is provided.
Inconsistency of Karyotyping and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) in a Mosaic Turner Syndrome Case
Authors: Tulay Pinar , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez , Alkaya Ahmet , Yayci Eyup , Sag Sebnem Ozemri , Temel Sehime Gulsum 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose Turner syndrome is a sex chromosomal aberration where majority of the patients have 45,X karyotype, while several patients are mosaic involving 45,X/46,XX; 46,X,i(Xq); and other variants. Cytogenetic analysis, karyotyping, is considered to be the “gold standard” to detect numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. In the recent years, alternative approaches, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), have been widely used in genetic analysis to detect numerical abnormalities as well as unbalanced structural rearrangements. In this study, we report the use of karyotyping as well as aCGH in detecting a possible Turner syndrome variant.
Methods An apparent 16-year-old female was clinically diagnosed as Turner syndrome with premature ovarian failure and short stature. The genetic diagnosis was performed for the patient and the parents by karyotyping analysis. aCGH was also performed for the patient.
Main Findings Cytogenetic analysis of the patient was performed showing variant Turner syndrome (46,X,i(X)(q10)[26]/46,X,del(X)(q11.2)[11]/45,X[8]/46,XX[5]). The patient's aCGH result revealed that she has a deletion of 57,252kb of Xp22.33-p11.21 region; arr[GRCh37] Xp22.33-p11.21 (310,932–57,563–078)X1. Both aCGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results suggested that short stature Homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene, which is located on Xp22.33, was deleted, though FISH result indicated that this was in a mosaic pattern.
Conclusion In the recent years, aCGH has become the preferred method in detecting numerical abnormalities and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements. However, its use is hindered by its failure of detecting mosaicism, especially low-level partial mosaicism. Therefore, although the resolution of the aCGH is higher, the cytogenetic investigation is still the first in line to detect mosaicism.
The Impact of Implementing a “Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Bundle” in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Improved Delirium Diagnosis
Authors: Cloedt Lise D. , Benbouzid Kenza , Lavoie Annie , Metras Marie-Élaine , Lavoie Marie-Christine , Harakat Samira , Harrington Karen , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDelirium is associated with significant negative outcomes, yet it remains underdiagnosed in children. We describe the impact of implementing a pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) bundle on the rate of delirium detection in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This represents a single-center, pre-/post-intervention retrospective and prospective cohort study. The study was conducted at a PICU in a quaternary university-affiliated pediatric hospital. All patients consecutively admitted to the PICU in October and November 2017 and 2018. Purpose of the study was describe the impact of the implementation of a PAD bundle. The rate of delirium detection and the utilization of sedative and analgesics in the pre- and post-implementation phases were measured. A total of 176 and 138 patients were admitted during the pre- and post-implementation phases, respectively. Of them, 7 (4%) and 44 (31.9%) were diagnosed with delirium (p < 0.001). Delirium was diagnosed in the first 48 hours of PICU admission and lasted for a median of 2 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–4). Delirium diagnosis was higher in patients receiving invasive ventilation (p < 0.001). Compliance with the PAD bundle scoring was 79% for the delirium scale. Score results were discussed during medical rounds for 68% of the patients in the post-implementation period. The number of patients who received opioids and benzodiazepines and the cumulative doses were not statistically different between the two cohorts. More patients received dexmedetomidine and the cumulative daily dose was higher in the post-implementation period (p < 0.001). The implementation of a PAD bundle in a PICU was associated with an increased recognition of delirium diagnosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of this increased diagnostic rate on short- and long-term outcomes.
Purely Intraventricular Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma
Authors: Nicoletti Giovanni Federico , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Riolo Carmelo , Magro Gaetano , Bartoloni Giovanni , Scalia Gianluca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesmoplastic infantile astrocytomas (DIAs) are rare pediatric tumors characterized by superficial brain cortex involvement, along with the meninges of the supratentorial compartment, and are classified as grade I neoplasms according to the 2016 World Health Organization. A 5-year-old girl child patient was admitted to our unit with abnormal decorticate posturing, bilateral mydriasis with weak pupillary light reflex, and brisk lower limbs reflexes. Her medical history was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a massive lesion with bilateral intraventricular growth mainly prevailing on the left and involving the ipsilateral foramen of Monro. After external ventricular drainage positioning, Dandy's transfrontal transcortical approach to the left lateral ventricle, a meticulous ependymal microsurgical dissection of the lesion was performed, resulting in an excision of the cystic component of the left lateral ventricle. A gross total removal of the lesion was performed with an en bloc resection of the deeper cystic part. Thirty days after surgery, the patient presented with fluent speech, conserved axial, and extremity sensorimotor functions, except a mild central facial paresis which progressively improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of DIA characterized by purely intraventricular growth. Tumor recurrence, although considered rare, represents an unpredictable event. Therefore, an adequate follow-up must be reserved for each patient.
Optimal design and validation of atom trapping and atomic storage time for active hydrogen maser
Authors: Liu Shanmin , Wang Likun , Wu Xiaoguang , Guo Ming , Chen Xin , Zhu Hongbin , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Bin , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2021

From microwave atomic clocks to light clocks, atomic or ionic clocks often rely on atom or ion trapping or manipulation technology. Trapping hydrogen (H) atoms in atomic storage bulbs (ASBs) is one of the key technologies of H atomic clocks. H atoms remain in an ASB for some time during which they undergo several relaxation processes (including spin-exchange collision relaxation, atom–wall collision relaxation, and magnetic-field inhomogeneity relaxation) and interact with the electromagnetic field within the resonant cavity in the TE011 mode, giving rise to continuous atomic transitions and self-oscillations. In this study, an optimal atomic storage time Tb for a H maser was determined by optimizing various collisional relaxation times of the atomic ensemble and reducing the width of the atomic resonance line through the continuously adjustable length and radius of the opening of an ASB at various atomic beam intensities ξ (which is the number of atoms in the atomic beam), namely, 3 × 1012 atoms/s, 4 × 1012 atoms/s, and 5 × 1012 atoms/s, while keeping the structural properties and physical conditions of the H maser unchanged. For ξ = 5 × 1012 atoms/s and Tb ≈ 0.8 s, a frequency stability of 0.95 × 10−15 could be achieved at 1000 s.
Chemokine-biased robust self-organizing polarization of migrating cells in vivo
Authors: Olguin-Olguin Adan , Aalto Anne , Maugis Benoît , Boquet-Pujadas Aleix , Hoffmann Dennis , Ermlich Laura , Betz Timo , Gov Nir S. , Reichman-Fried Michal , Raz Erez 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Bleb-driven cell migration plays important roles in diverse biological processes. Here, we present the mechanism for polarity establishment and maintenance in blebbing cells in vivo. We show that actin polymerization defines the leading edge, the position where blebs form. We show that the cell front can direct the formation of the rear by facilitating retrograde flow of proteins that limit the generation of blebs at the opposite aspect of the cell. Conversely, localization of bleb-inhibiting proteins at one aspect of the cell results in the establishment of the cell front at the opposite side. These antagonistic interactions result in robust polarity that can be initiated in a random direction, or oriented by a chemokine gradient.
The effects of school closures on SARS-CoV-2 among parents and teachers
Authors: Vlachos Jonas , Hertegård Edvin , B. Svaleryd Helena 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Many countries closed schools during the pandemic to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Sweden closed upper-secondary schools, while lower-secondary schools remained open, allowing for an evaluation of school closures. This study analyzes the impact of school closures on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by comparing groups exposed and not exposed to open schools. We find that exposure to open schools resulted in a small increase in infections among parents. Among teachers, the infection rate doubled, and infections spilled over to their partners. This suggests that keeping lower-secondary schools open had a minor impact on the overall spread of SARS-CoV-2 in society. However, teachers are affected, and measures to protect them could be considered.
Tissue texture extraction in indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Leiloglou Maria , Chalau Vadzim , Kedrzycki Martha S , Thiruchelvam Paul , Darzi Ara , Leff Daniel R , Elson Daniel S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A two-camera fluorescence system for indocyanine green (ICG) signal detection has been developed and tested in a clinical feasibility trial of ten patients, with a resolution in the submillimetre scale. Immediately after systemic ICG injection, the two-camera system can detect ICG signals in vivo (∼2.5 mg

l

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1

or 3.2 ×

10

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6

M). Qualitative assessment has shown that the fluorescence signal does not always correlate with the cancer location in the surgical scene. Conversely, fluorescence image texture metrics when used with the logistic regression model yields good accuracy scores in detecting cancer. We have demonstrated that intraoperative fluorescence imaging for resection guidance is a feasible solution to tackle the current challenge of positive resection margins in breast conserving surgery.
From thermal catalysis to plasma catalysis: a review of surface processes and their characterizations
Authors: Zhang S , Oehrlein G S 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of atmospheric pressure plasma to enhance catalytic chemical reactions involves complex surface processes induced by the interactions of plasma-generated fluxes with catalyst surfaces. Industrial implementation of plasma catalysis necessitates optimizing the design and realization of plasma catalytic reactors that enable chemical reactions that are superior to conventional thermal catalysis approaches. This requires the fundamental understanding of essential plasma-surface interaction mechanisms of plasma catalysis from the aspect of experimental investigation and theoretical analysis or computational modeling. In addition, experimental results are essential to validate the relative theoretical models and hypotheses of plasma catalysis that was rarely understood so far, compared to conventional thermal catalysis. This overview focuses on two important application areas, nitrogen fixation and methane reforming, and presents a comparison of important aspects of the state of knowledge of these applications when performed using either plasma-catalysis or conventional thermal catalysis. We discuss the potential advantage of plasma catalysis over thermal catalysis from the aspects of plasma induced synergistic effect andin situcatalyst regeneration.In-situ/operandosurface characterization of catalysts in plasma catalytic reactors is a significant challenge since the high pressure of realistic plasma catalysis systems preclude the application of many standard surface characterization techniques that operate in a low-pressure environment. We present a review of the status of experimental approaches to probe gas-surface interaction mechanisms of plasma catalysis, including an appraisal of demonstrated approaches for integrating surface diagnostic tools into plasma catalytic reactors. Surface characterizations of catalysts in plasma catalytic reactors demand thorough instrumentations of choices of plasma sources, catalyst forms, and the relative characterization tools. We conclude this review by presenting open questions on self-organized patterns in plasma catalysis.