bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in the military: a qualitative systematic review of the literature from the past two decades and a new prioritizing injury model
Authors: Sammito Stefan , Hadzic Vedran , Karakolis Thomas , Kelly Karen R. , Proctor Susan P. , Stepens Ainars , White Graham , Zimmermann Wes O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal injuries (MSkIs) are a leading cause of health care utilization, as well as limited duty and disability in the US military and other armed forces. MSkIs affect members of the military during initial training, operational training, and deployment and have a direct negative impact on overall troop readiness. Currently, a systematic overview of all risk factors for MSkIs in the military is not available.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using the PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2000 to September 10, 2019. Additionally, a reference list scan was performed (using the “snowball method”). Thereafter, an international, multidisciplinary expert panel scored the level of evidence per risk factor, and a classification of modifiable/non-modifiable was made.ResultsIn total, 176 original papers and 3 meta-analyses were included in the review. A list of 57 reported potential risk factors was formed. For 21 risk factors, the level of evidence was considered moderate or strong. Based on this literature review and an in-depth analysis, the expert panel developed a model to display the most relevant risk factors identified, introducing the idea of the “order of importance” and including concepts that are modifiable/non-modifiable, as well as extrinsic/intrinsic risk factors.ConclusionsThis is the qualitative systematic review of studies on risk factors for MSkIs in the military that has attempted to be all-inclusive. A total of 57 different potential risk factors were identified, and a new, prioritizing injury model was developed. This model may help us to understand risk factors that can be addressed, and in which order they should be prioritized when planning intervention strategies within military groups.
Is greater public transport use associated with higher levels of physical activity in a regional setting? Findings from a pilot study
Authors: Ragaini Bruna S. , Sharman Melanie J. , Lyth Anna , Jose Kim A. , Blizzard Leigh , Peterson Corey , Johnston Fay H. , Palmer Andrew , Williams Julie , Marshall Elaine A. , Morse Megan , Cleland Verity J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Public transport users often accumulate more physical activity than motor vehicle users, but most studies have been conducted in large metropolitan areas with multiple public transport options with limited knowledge of the relationship in regional and rural areas. In a regional city, this pilot study aimed to (1) test the feasibility of preliminary hypotheses to inform future research, (2) test the utility of survey items, and (3) establish stakeholder engagement.

Methods
Data were collected via a cross-sectional online survey of 743 Tasmanian adults. Physical activity outcomes were walking (min/week), total moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (min/week) and attainment of physical activity guidelines (yes/no). Transport variables were frequency of public and private transport use per week. Truncated and log binomial regression examined associations between public/private transport use and physical activity.

Results
Neither frequency of public nor private transport use was associated with minutes of walking (public transport: B − 24.4, 95% CI: − 110.7, 61.9; private transport: B − 1.1, 95% CI: − 72.4, 70.1), minutes of total physical activity (public transport: B − 90.8, 95% CI: − 310.0, 128.5; private transport: B 0.4, 95% CI: − 134.0, 134.9) or not meeting physical activity guidelines (public transport: RR 1.02, 95%CI: 0.95, 1.09; private transport: RR 1.02, 95%CI: 0.96, 1.08).

Conclusions
The hypothesis that public transport users would be more physically active than private transport users was not supported in this pilot study. Stakeholders were engaged and involved in various phases of the research including development of research questions, participant recruitment, and interpretation of findings. Further studies using representative samples and refined measures are warranted to confirm or refute findings.
Response Rate, Event-Free Survival, and Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: US Food and Drug Administration Trial-Level and Patient-Level Analyses
Authors: Norsworthy Kelly J. , Gao Xin , Ko Chia-Wen , Pulte E. Dianne , Zhou Jiaxi , Gong Yutao , Shen Yuan Li , Vallejo Jonathon , Gwise Thomas E. , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Deisseroth Albert B. , Farrell Ann T. , de Claro R. Angelo , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE To explore trial-level and patient-level associations between response (complete remission [CR] and CR + CR with incomplete hematologic [CRi] or platelet [CRp] recovery), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) trials of intensive chemotherapy. METHODS We identified data from eight randomized, active-controlled trials of intensive chemotherapy submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of newly diagnosed AML (N = 4,482). Associations between trial-level odds ratios (ORs) for CR and CR + CRi or CRp, and hazard ratios (HRs) for EFS and OS were analyzed using weighted linear regression models. We performed patient-level responder analyses to compare OS by response using pooled data from all studies. RESULTS In trial-level analyses, association between HR for OS and OR for CR was moderate (R2 = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.86), as was the association with OR for CR + CRi or CRp (R2 = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.99). For OS versus EFS, a strong association was observed (R2 = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.98) when EFS definitions were harmonized across trials using raw data. In the patient-level responder analyses, patients who achieved CR had better OS compared with CRi or CRp responders (0.73; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.84) and nonresponders (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.37). CONCLUSION On a trial level, there is a moderate association between OS and CR rate. A strong association between EFS and OS was observed. However, CIs were wide, and results became moderate using alternative definitions for EFS. Patient-level analyses showed CR responders have better OS compared with CRi or CRp responders and nonresponders. A therapy in newly diagnosed AML with benefit in EFS or substantial benefit in CR rate would be likely to have an OS effect.
Novel Pathogenic De Novo INS p.T97P Variant Presenting With Severe Neonatal DKA
Authors: Lal Rayhan A , Moeller Hannah P , Thomson Ella A , Horton Timothy M , Lee Sooyeon , Freeman Raquel , Prahalad Priya , Poon Ada S Y , Annes Justin P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pathogenic INS gene mutations are causative for mutant INS-gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY). We characterize a novel de novo heterozygous INS gene mutation (c.289A&gt;C, p.T97P) that presented in an autoantibody-negative 5-month-old male infant with severe diabetic ketoacidosis. In silico pathogenicity prediction tools provided contradictory interpretations, while structural modeling indicated a deleterious effect on proinsulin folding. Transfection of wildtype and INS p.T97P expression and luciferase reporter constructs demonstrated elevated intracellular mutant proinsulin levels and dramatically impaired proinsulin/insulin and luciferase secretion. Notably, proteasome inhibition partially and selectively rescued INS p.T97P-derived luciferase secretion. Additionally, expression of INS p.T97P caused increased intracellular proinsulin aggregate formation and XBP-1s protein levels, consistent with induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. We conclude that INS p.T97P is a newly identified pathogenic A-chain variant that is causative for MIDY via disruption of proinsulin folding and processing with induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Gut-Vascular Barrier Damage and Distant Hepatic Injury Following Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Zhang Yi-Nan , Chang Ze-Nan , Liu Zi-Meng , Wen Shi-Hong , Zhan Ya-Qing , Lai Han-Jin , Zhang Hu-Fei , Guo Yi , Zhang Xu-Yu 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) challenge often results in gut barrier dysfunction and induces distant organ injury. Dexmedetomidine has been shown to protect intestinal epithelial barrier against I/R attack. The present study aims to investigate the degree to which intestinal I/R attack will contribute to gut-vascular barrier (GVB) damage, and to examine the ability of dexmedetomidine to minimize GVB and liver injuries in mice.

METHODS:
In vivo, intestinal ischemic challenge was induced in mice by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 minutes. After clamping, the mice were subjected to reperfusion for either 2, 4, 6, or 12 hours. Intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 15, 20, or 25 μg·kg–1 was performed intermittently at the phase of reperfusion. For the in vitro experiments, the challenge of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was established in cultured vascular endothelial cells, and dexmedetomidine (1 nM) was used to treat the cells for 24 hours. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro, SKL2001 (a specific agonist of β-catenin) or XAV939 (a specific inhibitor of β-catenin) was applied to determine the role of β-catenin in the impacts provided by dexmedetomidine.

RESULTS:
The attack of intestinal I/R induced GVB damage. The greatest level of damage was observed at 4 hours after intestinal reperfusion. There was a significant increase in plasmalemma vesicle–associated protein-1 (PV1, a specific biomarker for endothelial permeability) expression (5.477 ± 0.718 vs 1.000 ± 0.149; P < .001), and increased translocation of intestinal macromolecules and bacteria to blood and liver tissues was detected (all P < .001). Liver damages were observed. There were significant increases in histopathological scores, serum parameters, and inflammatory factors (all P < .001). Dexmedetomidine 20 μg·kg–1 reduced PV1 expression (0.466 ± 0.072 vs 1.000 ± 0.098; P < .001) and subsequent liver damages (all P < .01). In vitro, dexmedetomidine significantly improved vascular endothelial cell survival (79.387 ± 6.447% vs 50.535 ± 1.766%; P < .001) and increased the productions of tight junction protein and adherent junction protein (all P < .01) following OGD/R. Importantly, in cultured cells and in mice, β-catenin expression significantly decreased (both P < .001) following challenge. Dexmedetomidine or SKL2001 upregulated β-catenin expression and produced protective effects (all P < .01). However, XAV939 completely eliminated the protective effects of dexmedetomidine on GVB (all P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The disruption of GVB occurred following intestinal I/R. Dexmedetomidine alleviated I/R-induced GVB impairment and subsequent liver damage.
“Les Hypothèses Trop Hasardées”
Authors: Raden Justin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay argues that the difficulties Émile Zola faced in closing the Rougon-Macquart novel cycle reveal a political imaginary whose notion of a clean line of progress depends on a technical supplement it disavows. At critical points Zola’s method exposes the disavowal of this technical supplement that functions as the prosthetic by which man overcomes a hereditary deficiency, his original psychosis in Zola’s account, and is also the means by which he allegorizes history as progress. But this supplement must also disappear from view, or operate as a vanishing mediator. Because, for Zola, the immediate political problem of engendering the right kind of political subjects for the Third Empire must be integrated into a larger evolutionary history, the rational overcoming of the original psychosis takes the form of a necessary and indeed automatic process. What is at stake here is not the inhumanism of generalizing the “Anthropos,” which has come under recent scrutiny, but the inhumanism integral to any humanism that imagines itself as teleologically or historically oriented—the inhumanism in humanism that subtends any imaginary of evolution or progress, because such a humanism must have recourse to technical prosthesis.
Modest sexual size dimorphism and allometric growth: a study based on growth and gonad development in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Authors: Zhang Fan , Chen Xiaoqiong , Zeng Chi , Wen Lelei , Zhao Yao , Peng Yu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a notable phenomenon in terrestrial animals, and it is correlated with unusual morphological traits. To date, the underlying sex-specific growth strategies throughout the ontogenetic stage of spiders are poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively investigated how the growth trajectories and gonad development shaped SSD in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae). We also hypothesized the potential growth allometry among the carapace, abdomen, and gonads of spiders in both sexes. By measuring the size of the carapace and abdomen, investigating developmental duration and growth rate, describing the gonadal sections, and calculating the area of gonads at all instars from hatching to maturity, we demonstrated that SSD results from sex-specific growth strategies. Our results indicated that the growth and developmental differences between both sexes appeared at early life stages, and there was allometric growth in the carapace, abdomen, and gonads between males and females.
CPVT-associated calmodulin variants N53I and A102V dysregulate Ca2+ signalling via different mechanisms
Authors: Prakash Ohm , Held Marie , McCormick Liam F. , Gupta Nitika , Lian Lu-Yun , Antonyuk Svetlana , Haynes Lee P. , Thomas N. Lowri , Helassa Nordine 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited condition that can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia. Human mutations in the Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) have been associated with CPVT susceptibility, suggesting that CaM dysfunction is a key driver of the disease. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Focusing on the interaction with the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), we determined the effect of CPVT-associated variants N53I and A102V on the structural characteristics of CaM and on Ca2+ fluxes in live cells. We provide novel data showing that interaction of both Ca2+/CaM-N53I and Ca2+/CaM-A102V with the RyR2 binding domain is decreased. Ca2+/CaM–RyR23583-3603 high-resolution crystal structures highlight subtle conformational changes for the N53I variant, with A102V being similar to wild type (WT). We show that co-expression of CaM-N53I or CaM-A102V with RyR2 in HEK293 cells significantly increased the duration of Ca2+ events; CaM-A102V exhibited a lower frequency of Ca2+ oscillations. In addition, we show that CaMKIIδ (also known as CAMK2D) phosphorylation activity is increased for A102V, compared to CaM-WT. This paper provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of CPVT-associated CaM variants and will facilitate the development of strategies for future therapies.
Prognostic Performance of Alternative Lymph Node Classification Systems for Patients with Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Single Center Cohort Study
Authors: Prassas Dimitrios , Kounnamas Aristodemos , Cupisti Kenko , Schott Matthias , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Krieg Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Lymph node ratio (LNR) and the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) have been proposed as alternative lymph node (LN) classification schemes. Various cut-off values have been defined for each system, with the question of the most appropriate for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) still remaining open. We aimed to retrospectively compare the predictive impact of different LN classification systems and to define the most appropriate set of cut-off values regarding accurate evaluation of overall survival (OS) in patients with MTC.

Methods
182 patients with MTC who were operated on between 1985 and 2018 were extracted from our medical database. Cox proportional hazards regression models and C-statistics were performed to assess the discriminative power of 28 LNR and 28 LODDS classifications and compare them with the N category according to the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM classification in terms of discriminative power. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, T category, focality, and genetic predisposition.

Results
High LNR and LODDS are associated with advanced T categories, distant metastasis, sporadic disease, and male gender. In addition, among 56 alternative LN classifications, only one LNR and one LODDS classification were independently associated with OS, regardless of the presence of metastatic disease. The C-statistic demonstrated comparable results for all classification systems showing no clear superiority over the N category.

Conclusion
Two distinct alternative LN classification systems demonstrated a better prognostic performance in MTC patients than the N category. However, larger scale studies are needed to further verify our findings.
Nurse-led early evaluation following corticosteroid prescription in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Harvey Philip R , Slater Jayne , Algieder Akram , Jones Judith , Bates Beth , De Silva Shanika 
Published: December 2021

Background:The Toronto consensus for management of ulcerative colitis (UC) recommends early evaluation of UC patients 2 weeks after initiation on corticosteroids. A system for early evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease patients was established by specialist nurses in a secondary care centre.Aim:To compare outcomes following early evaluation to the previous service.Methods:All patients undergoing early evaluation over a 1-year period were prospectively audited and compared to a retrospective cohort of patients receiving prednisolone in the preceding year.Findings:Of 140 patients included, 76 (54.3%) underwent early evaluation. All patients in the early evaluation group received drug education and details of the nurse helpline (17.1% of patients did not already have this). Of patients, 81.6% were prescribed Adcal, and 83.9% were on 5-aminosalicylates. Fewer admissions were observed within 6 months following early evaluation (8.6% vs. 23.4%, p=0.013).Conclusion:Multiple benefits of early evaluation were observed, including a potential reduction in hospital admissions.
Bioabsorbable implants in forefoot surgery: a review of materials, possibilities and disadvantages
Authors: Pisecky Lorenz , Luger Matthias , Klasan Antonio , Gotterbarm Tobias , Klotz Matthias C. , Hochgatterer Rainer 
Published: December 2021

Bioabsorbable and biodegradable implants offer new possibilities in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. As soon as the initial stability of the degradable implants has reached the qualities of conventional materials, new devices may find usage in younger and more demanding patients. Residual conventional osteosynthetic material or the necessity to remove metal increasingly seems to be more of an adverse event than daily practice in forefoot surgery. Nevertheless, some drawbacks need to be discussed.Recent literature screened for the use of bioabsorbable and biodegradable materials in forefoot surgery, available implants and indications in forefoot surgery were analysed and summarized. Apart from common indications in forefoot surgery, points of interest were the type of biomaterial, the process of biodegradation and biointegration, and possible adverse events. Materials were comprehensively discussed for each indication based on the available literature.Polylactide, polyglycoside and polydioxanone are considered safe and sufficiently stable for use in forefoot surgery. Low complication rates (e.g. 0.7% for pin fixation in hallux deformities) are given.Magnesium implants suffered from an extensive corrosive process in the first generation but now seem to be safe in forefoot surgery and offer good options compared with conventional titanium screws, especially in procedures of the first ray.Allograft bone has proven feasibility in small case series, but still lacks larger or randomized clinical trials. The first results are promising.Bioresorbable and osseointegrating devices offer attractive new possibilities for surgeons and patients. Despite all the known advantages, the difficulties and possible complications must not be forgotten, such as soft tissue reactions, unwanted osteolysis and a lower primary mechanical load capacity.Cite this article:EFORT Open Rev2021;6:1132-1139. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200157
A guide to regional analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Rodriguez-Patarroyo Fabio A. , Cuello Nadin , Molloy Robert , Krebs Viktor , Turan Alparslan , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: December 2021

Regional analgesia has been introduced successfully into the postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty, reducing pain scores, opioid use and adverse effects.
Combination of regional analgesia techniques is associated with better pain management and lower side effects than single regional techniques.
Adductor canal block provides good analgesia and considerably lower detrimental effect in muscular strength than femoral nerve block, enhancing surgical recovery.
Infiltration techniques may have equivalent analgesic effect than epidural analgesia and peripheral nerve blocks, however there should be awareness of dose dependent toxicity.
Novel long-acting local anesthetics role for regional analgesia is still to be determined, and will require larger randomized trials to support its advantage over traditional local anesthetics.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1181-1192. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210045