bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ONSETS, COMPLETIONS AND SPANS OF OSSIFICATION IN THE 29 BONE-GROWTH CENTERS OF THE HAND AND WRIST
Authors: Stuart Harold C. , Pyle S. Idell , Cornoni Joan , Reed Robert B. 
Published: December 2021

The film series of the right hands of 133 Boston children have been studied independently to obtain age equivalents for onset of ossification and completion of ossification in 29 bone-growth centers of the hand. Each of the intervals between onset and completion, namely, span of the osseous stage, has been calculated, and the means and standard deviations of each of the three variables are summarized.
The results show age equivalents and age-orders closely resembling the data in two preceding studies, where the assessment procedure was the same as that used in this study. An onset profile and a completion profile have been drawn from these mean and standard deviation values for each sex.
The data reported in this paper for the 29 centers of the hand and previously for 21 centers from five regions of the body, show the following: 1) The time-order of onset differs significantly from the time-order of completion. 2) The time-order onset profile reveals a characteristic clustering of onsets. 3) The correlations between onset and completion ages for the 133 children do not show that the time of completion can be routinely forecast by onset ages. However, the later the onset the better the prediction of completion time. 4) A developmental range graph constructed from assessments of skeletal age of the 29 centers of the hand reflects the schedules of onsets and completions for individual children. However, the "lifetime" of each of the onsets and completions is very brief and corresponds closely with the skeletal age curve during the first 4 years and during adolescence.
Treatment of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Illingworth R. S. 
Published: December 2021

I should like to congratulate Dorfman et al. for their fine controlled trial of the treatment of rheumatic fever (Pediatrics, 27:692, 1961) and Feinstein for his critical commentary (Pediatrics, 27:819, 1961).
I disagree with Dorfman et al. when they conclude that "patients who show no evidence of carditis may be safely treated with salicylates in dosages sufficient to maintain a level of 20 to 30 mg/100 ml of blood," for the following reasons.
1. Although the majority of rheumatic children who are admitted without a significant murmur are discharged without one, whatever the treatment, some children treated other than by steroids develop a significant murmur while under treatment.
Metabolic Bed
Authors: Fomon Samuel J. , Thomas Lora N. , Jensen Robert L. , Owen George M. 
Published: December 2021

Several times each year we receive requests for information concerning the precise measurements of the metabolic bed we employ for use with infants. Since such beds are, to our knowledge, not commercially available, we have prepared the enclosed diagram that may prove helpful to individuals planning to construct metabolic beds for infants. Photographs of the bed, infant restraints, and collection equipment have been published previously (Pediatrics, 22:94, 1958).
See figure in the PDF.file
AN EPIDEMIC OF ASEPTIC MENINGITIS SYNDROME DUE TO ECHO VIRUS TYPE 6
Authors: Karzon David T. , Hayner Norman S. , Winkelstein Warren , Barron Almen L. 
Published: December 2021

The clinical features of 130 cases of aseptic meningitis syndrome associated with ECHO virus type 6 infection were studied. Characteristically, the onset was acute with the development of fever, headache, muscle pains, and vomiting. A biphasic course was present in 8% of the cases. The physical findings included mild to moderate stiffness or spasm of the neck, back, and posterior thigh muscles. Disturbance in sensorium, cranial nerve involvement, and bulbar signs were conspicuously absent. Absence of deep tendon and superficial reflexes occurred in 16% of the cases. Evidence of mild muscle weakness occurred in 39% of cases, more commonly in the axial rather than peripheral muscles. Most of these patients had bilateral weakness of the anterior neck muscles, but included in the group were five with bilateral weakness of the back or abdominal muscles and six with some involvement of the extremities. Neuromuscular changes were mild and frequently questionable. Where follow-up was available, the changes were usually found to be transient. The effect of age upon the clinical picture was analyzed. Only 3 of 130 patients were less than 4 years of age. Young children had a more acute onset and were admitted to the hospital more promptly than older children and adults. The incidence of pleurodynia was 38% in adults and only 5% in patients less than 20 years of age. The cerebrospinal fluid revealed pleocytosis, with lymphocyte counts ranging from a few cells to 930/mm3. The protein values exceeded 40 mg/100 ml in 48% of the cases, the highest value being 102 mg/100 ml.
An undifferentiated febrile illness in household associates of patients with aseptic meningitis, characterized by headache, vomiting and muscle pain, was associated with a high recovery rate of ECHO 6 virus. This is presumably the forme fruste of the fully developed aseptic meningitis syndrome.
ECHO 6 virus was recovered from four patients in whom there was evidence of neurologic involvement beyond that seen in the aseptic meningitis syndrome. ECHO 6 virus was the probable etiologic agent in two of these cases. A 15-year-old girl with mild encephalitis marked by disorientation, hallucinations, and weakness of the legs yielded ECHO 6 from her alimentary tract. ECHO 6 was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid and alimentary tract of a 15-year-old boy with features of the Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Twins in History and Science, Luigi Gedda, translated by Marco Milani-Comparetti. Springfield, Illinois, Thomas, 1961, 214 pp., $12.50
Authors: Benirschke Kurt 
Published: December 2021

To some of us whose school Latin proved inadequate for the reading of Professor Gedda's 1951 book "Studio dei Gemelli" it was a great delight to see this recent English translation. This book surpasses most present-day medical books in its make-up, the printing, and particularly the color plates.
The original work of the renowned Italian gemellologist, we learn, was not translated until after the First International Congress of Human Genetics in 1956, in order to incorporate major difference from the original book.
A NEW METHOD FOR STREAKING BLOOD AGAR PLATES
Authors: Kravitz Harvey 
Published: December 2021

A NEW METHOD for the streaking of agar plates and the obtaining of isolated bacterial colonies on the agar surface is presented. The method involves the use of thin paper discs which are placed on the agar and cover the entire surface. The disc has linear slits of narrow width allowing optimum amounts of the specimen to be distributed through the paper and onto the agar surface when the paper is rubbed with a swab bearing the inoculum.
Robert Koch in his epochal publication of 18811,2 introducing the pure culture technique into bacteriology first described the use of solid gelatin media. In this publication he described the use of a platinum wire for the streaking of specimens onto the gelatin surface. Hesse in 1884, while working in Koch's laboratory, discovered the use of agar as a replacement for gelatin.3
Petri,4 in 1887, also working in Koch's laboratory, invented the culture dish which bears his name. It is notable that, with minor exceptions, the technique of streaking specimens onto agar plates by means of a wire loop has remained virtually unchanged to this date.
Throat cultures of patients in St. Francis Hospital, Evanston, Illinois; Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge; and the University of Illinois Hospital, Chicago, were studied. Studies were also made of throat cultures in the laboratories of the Evanston Board of Health. A total of 550 throat cultures was obtained. Cultures were made m 450 cases using the Iso-Disc technique only, and 100 cultures were studied in duplicate with the Iso-Disc method and the conventional wire loop method.
ERNST MORO (1874-1951)
Authors: Hoefnagel Dick , Lüders Dieter 
Published: December 2021

"DAS ERSTE TRIMENON" was the title of a lecture given by Ernst Moro (Fig. 1) on May 7, 1918, before a meeting of the Society of Natural History and Medicine in Heidelberg; in this lecture the speaker discussed some features peculiar to the first 3 months of an infant's life.1 At the end of it "almost as an afterthought,"2 Moro described what he called "a small observation":
When a young infant is placed on the examining table and one taps with the hands on both sides of the pillow there follows a peculiar motor reflex: both arms are symmetrically extended and then approach each other again with slight shaking movements.
AMERICAN BOARD OF PEDIATRICS
Authors:   The Examination Committee
Published: December 2021

Questions are often asked of the American Board of Pediatrics about content, nature, and objectives of its examinations. Two articles have previously been published which were intended to answer these queries.1,2
Candidates are expected to have sufficient factual knowledge and to have a sufficiently enlightened approach to children and their troubles to be able to handle problems encountered in a pediatrician's office and in hospitals where seriously ill children are cared for. The candidate should know how to diagnose and treat the medical illnesses which kill children, which cripple them, or which impair their physical or mental health. The pediatrician cannot be a psychiatrist, but he can advise parents in the problems of child-rearing. The pediatrician cannot be a school teacher, but he should know something of our schools and the problems of school children. He cannot be a geneticist, but he must understand the known mechanisms which lead to congenital and hereditary ills, so that he can give counsel to parents burdened with an abnormal child. He should understand the variations in physical and mental growth so that he can allay unnecessary fears or, if need be, take steps to manage significant deviations from normal. He should be able to assist the surgeon in preoperative and postoperative care of infants and children. He should know how to manage the premature infant, the normal newborn infant, the growing child, and the adolescent. Above all, he must recognize the seriously ill child and know how to treat him. He must be a useful consultant in the care of seriously ill children.
Hazards of Foods
Authors: Garrison Roy F. 
Published: December 2021

Regarding the use of foods packed in glass jars for infant feeding (Pediatrics, 29:499, 1962), Dr. Coriell's remarks are pertinent. History of allergy was absent and subsequent intake of the same food caused no difficulty. I wonder if the shoe may not be on the other foot; that is, maybe some cases are diagnosed as allergy which are really staphylococcal toxin poisonings.
Does Dr. Coriell realize how long it would take in most cities to ship a food product to a State Department of Health?
Breast Feeding: Dr. Bates
Authors: Demy Nicholas G. 
Published: December 2021

If anyone should feel sad about mothers who fail at breast feeding, it should be George Bates, M.D. (Pediatrics, 29:332, 1962). I am disinclined to leave that problem to an old practitioner who long ago found the theories and logic of Dr. William O. Jones (Pediatrics, 28:851, 1961) impractical.
I recall with shame and anger the obstetricians and pediatricians and nurses who discouraged capable mothers from nursing their babies. Breast feeding interfered with their and the hospital's routine, no doubt.
Mental Health in Modern Society
Authors: WORK HENRY H. 
Published: December 2021

As another evidence of the emergence of psychiatry from the hospital and the new concept of its role in society, this book offers an excellent integration of mental health theory and practices in their relation to a multitude of social problems. Prompted, apparently, by the advances of psychiatry during the war period and including a thorough study of the mental health problems of the veteran, this book is a compendium of modern resources in the field with some thoughts on the varying usefulness of their application.
The first part deals with the lessons of the war itself and contains, in addition to a chapter on the psychiatric services in the armed forces and the emergency measure for dealing with the veteran, an excellent chapter on "The Psychiatric Disabilities of War: Dynamics and Motivation."
CYANOSIS IN INFANTS WITH NITRATES IN DRINKING WATER AS CAUSE
Authors: DONAHOE WILL E. 
Published: December 2021

Five cases of idiopathic cyanosis in babies are reported. They cleared and did not recur when well water used for drinking and formula was changed, as a result of demonstrated contamination with Coliform organisms.
These cases substantiate the contention of Comly that the toxic, or nitrate-containing water, is the cause of the cyanosis. This cyanosis appears as a result of the oxidation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin by the nitrites derived from nitrates present in the well water used for drinking or formula.
Cyanosis cleared within a few days following removal of the infant to the hospital, away from the home water supply, but recurred within one to two weeks after returning home to the use of the contaminated water.
One infant strongly suggested that milk from cows which drank the contaminated water may be the cause of moderate cyanosis when the milk supply is restricted to the single herd.
One infant suggested that cyanosis may occur in a breast-fed infant, if the mother drinks the contaminated well water, or the milk from cows drinking water from that well.
Many cases of cyanosis in early infancy in farm homes have been and still are being incorrectly treated for hypertrophy of the thymus gland.
Cyanosis in early infancy, occurring particularly in babies living on farms one to three weeks after birth, can be cleared by using uncontaminated water.
THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS OF FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: ANDERSEN DOROTHY H. 
Published: December 2021

The etiology of the respiratory lesion in fibrocystic disease of the pancreas is discussed with a summary of the congenital and nutritional hypotheses.
There is no morphologic evidence that a specific congenital abnormality exists in the bronchi or in their secretion. The microscopic appearance of the mucus does not resemble that of the contents of the pancreatic ducts but does resemble the mucus seen in some other clinical conditions, notably asthma. A physiologic congenital abnormality of the bronchi is possible but unproven.
Evidence is presented that dietary therapy improves the growth curves of infants diagnosed and treated prior to infection.
The absorption of vitamin A, and presumably of other fat-soluble specific substances, is affected by diet.
Twenty-two cases of fibrocystic disease without clinical evidence of respiratory infection are presented. Twenty-one of these were first seen after penicillin became available but only 11 have received it. The majority of the 22 patients were started on dietary therapy before a cough had been present for as long as two months. This record is presented as evidence in favor of a nutritional factor in the etiology of the respiratory infection.
BCG TUBERCULIN STUDIES
Authors: MAGNUSSON J. HENNING , LITHANDER A. 
Published: December 2021

BCG tuberculin is prepared from BCG cultures grown as a matter of routine on Sauton's medium to obtain Calmette's vaccine. The BCG organisms are allowed to grow for 11 to 12 days prior to the preparation of the tuberculin.
In intradermal tests in BCG-infected guinea pigs this BCG tuberculin causes reactions at an earlier stage than equivalent amounts of commercial tuberculin. In those animals in which initially positive reactions had been caused by only BCG tuberculin, reactions to commercial tuberculin are also obtained in the majority of cases after a further few weeks.
In guinea pigs infected with a virulent strain of the tubercle bacillus no difference can be demonstrated between the two types of tuberculin. Already in the first tests reactions are equally frequent to commercial tuberculin and to BCG tuberculin.
In BCG-vaccinated newborn and older children, BCG tuberculin injected intradermally provokes reactions considerably more often than equivalent amounts of commercial tuberculin. The children sensitive only to BCG tuberculin in the first test after vaccination are subsequently sensitized to commercial tuberculin as well.
Panel Discussion
Authors: JACOBSEN A. WILMOT , KOEPF GEORGE F. , TALBOT NATHAN B. , WILKINS LAWSON 
Published: December 2021

The role of the adrenal cortex in resistance to stress and strain has been reviewed. Certain experimental data indicating increased secretion of the adrenal cortical hormone in acute and chronic stress has been presented and discussed in terms of Sayers' homeostatic theory of the acute stress mechanism and in terms of Selye's "Adaptation Syndrome." In addition, studies made on a patient with acute rheumatic fever were discussed. Changes in uric acid metabolism compatible with those that might be seen in an alarm reaction were noted in this patient. [SEE THE TABLE I IN SOURCE PDF].
In the adrenogenital syndrome there is increased protein anabolism due to excessive androgen, in Cushing's syndrome inhibition of protein anabolism due to excessive gluconeogenetic hormones. The manifestations of the adrenogenital syndrome differ according to the patient's sex and the age of onset. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causes pseudohermaphroditism in the female. This can be differentiated from various types of genetic intersexuality by the evidences of excessive androgen from infancy on and by a fairly uniform type of heterosexual development with a persistent urogenital sinus. In the male congenital adrenal hyperplasia causes macrogenitosomia precox which is sometimes accompanied by Addisonian-like symptoms. This can be differentiated from other types of male precocity by the excessive excretion of androgen and lack of maturation of the testes. In postnatal life androgenic adrenal tumors or hyperplasia cause virilization in both sexes unaccompanied by embryonic abnormalities. Occasionally gynecomastia occurs in males. Most of the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome are probably caused by excess of the gluconeogenetic hormones. However, there is also usually an increased secretion of androgen and in some cases evidences of increased electrolyte-controlling hormones.
We, The Patients
Authors: PROVENCE SALLY ANN 
Published: December 2021

This is a revised edition of a book first published in 1939 and written primarily for parents. It represents, in the author's words, "A point of view that has grown through the years." It deals with a variety of things with which parents are concerned in rearing their children—authority and freedom, punishment, discipline, truthfulness and lying, individual capacities and formation of attitudes. There is a section on the role of the home, school and community in the child's development. The radios, movies and comics are discussed in an unprejudiced manner.
Throughout the book the author reveals a sympathetic understanding of children and their parents. Her "point of view" seems to this reviewer for the most part wise and useful.
APICAL DIASTOLIC HEART SOUNDS IN ACTIVE RHEUMATIC FEVER
Authors: FRIEDMAN SIDNEY , HARRIS T. N. 
Published: December 2021

Of 400 children under observation during active rheumatic fever, 115, or 29%, presented either an apical diastolic third sound or an early apical diastolic murmur. Of these, 54, or 49%, were found to have an apical diastolic third heart sound and an early diastolic apical murmur in some sequence.
The rapid flow of blood from auricles to ventricles during the early diastolic period of the cardiac cycle is thought to be the primary factor responsible for both the third heart sound and the early diastolic murmur. Factors which tend to increase intra-auricular pressure, such as regurgitation at the mitral valve, favor rapid blood flow through the auriculo-ventricular valves and production of these sounds.
The importance of the apical diastolic murmur as a sign of myocarditis per se is discussed.
PENICILLIN TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS
Authors: KARELITZ SAMUEL , SPINELLI VINCENT A. 
Published: December 2021

Penicillin administered intramuscularly in doses of 30,000 u. every three hours and concurrently in the form of nose drops 1,000 u./ml. in each nostril every two hours effectively eliminated C. diphtheriae from seven carriers and one case of faucial diphtheria within 36 hours. One carrier required five days of therapy.
Penicillin is an effective agent in shortening the period of the carrier state of chronic diphtheria carriers.
HOMOLOGOUS SERUM HEPATITIS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: MOLOSHOK RALPH E. , KARELITZ SAMUEL , STRAUSS LOTTE 
Published: December 2021

Eight cases of homologous serum hepatitis are reported as having occurred in seven infants under one year of age and in a child of 2½ years.
Five of these children died of acute hepatic degeneration.
Suggestive evidence has been presented for the implication of icterogenic plasma in five cases.
The clinical, laboratory and postmortem findings of serum hepatitis are described in detail.
Preventive measures have been reviewed and summarized.
Panel Discussion
Authors: HILL LEE FORREST , HUBBARD JOHN P. , HARRIS T. N. , JACKSON ROBERT L. , WHEATLEY GEORGE M. 
Published: December 2021

Chairman Lee Forrest Hill, M.D., Des Moines, Iowa: I should like to introduce our panel speakers. Dr. George M. Wheatley is 3rd Vice President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, and Chairman of the Academy's Committee on Rheumatic Fever, New York City. Next is Dr. T. N. Harris of Philadelphia. Dr. Harris is Assistant Research Professor of Pediatrics of the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. He is chief of the Rheumatic Fever Clinic at the Philadelphia General Hospital. He is Assistant Consultant to the Outpatient Department of the Children's Hospital in Philadelphia.
Dr. Hubbard is Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Robert L. Jackson is Associate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, State University of Iowa.
Magnitude of the Problem
Dr. Wheatley.—Because of the general acceptance of rheumatic fever as a major pediatric and public health problem, we find in an increasing number of localities both the medical profession and the public ready to support organized community efforts to find cases, to provide adequate treatment, and, in fact, willing to undertake most any logical measures which promise some control over this important cause of heart disease. For intelligent planning and evaluation at the community level or on a larger scale, facts showing the magnitude and relative importance of rheumatic fever are essential.
Perhaps at this point you wonder what expressions such as "community level" and "planning and evaluation" have to do with the practicing pediatrician. As a clinician your primary concern is with the individual child. When you are at the bedside puzzled by a syndrome suggestive of rheumatic fever, it is of little help to know facts and figures on the incidence, prevalence and severity of this disease. The reason is that as a pediatrician you have a dual responsibility.