bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synthetic flavagline FL3 suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis in APCMin/+ mice
Authors: Jackson Dakota N , Abou‐Hamdan Hussein , Cook Beth N , Desaubry Lauent , Souza Rhonda F , Theiss Arianne L 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionFlavaglines are natural plant products shown to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects. FL3 is a synthetic derivative of the flavagline Silvestrol, lacking its structural components linked to causing multidrug resistance and suboptimal absorption and metabolism. Ongoing studies in our lab have shown that FL3 inhibits the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in colon cancer cell lines. This is especially important since in most colorectal cancer cases aberrant activation of the carcinogenic Wnt pathway occurs via inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene or activating mutations in CTNNB1 encoding b‐catenin. To assess in vivo action of FL3, we used the APCMin/+ mouse model of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis driven by enhanced β‐catenin activation via the loss of heterozygosity mutation in the APC gene.MethodsMale and female APCMin/+ mice were administered FL3 (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection twice weekly from ages 15 to 20 weeks of age. To assess whether FL3 affected the normal intestine, wild‐type (WT) littermates were injected with FL3 alongside APCMin/+ mice. The entire small intestine and colon were excised and adenoma distribution, size, and number were quantitated using a dissecting microscope. Swiss‐rolled intestines and colons were used for histology and severity of dysplasia or villus/crypt measurements in WT mice. Proliferation was measured by PCNA expression and Ki67 immunostaining in adenomas. Apoptosis was measured by Cleaved Caspase 3 expression and TUNEL immunostaining in adenomas.ResultsFL3‐treated WT mice exhibited normal intestinal and colon histology, villus/crypt measurements, and no dysplasia. FL3 injection decreased the number and size of adenomas in APCMin/+ mice. TUNEL staining and Cleaved Caspase‐3 expression were increased in adenomas in APCMin/+ mice treated with FL3. FL3 did not alter cell proliferation.. Adenomas in APCMin/+ mice treated with FL3 exhibited increased TUNEL staining and Cleaved Caspase‐3 expression and had no changes in cell proliferation compared to APCMin/+ mice not treated with FL3..ConclusionsFL3 protects against in vivo tumorigenesis driven by aberrant activation of the Wnt/b‐catenin pathway in APCMin/+ mice. FL3 suppressed tumorigenesis by increasing rates of apoptosis without affecting rates of proliferation in neoplasias. This proof‐of‐principle study suggests that FL3 is effective in combating tumorigenesis in a pre‐clinical animal model of aberrant Wnt/b‐catenin pathway activation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Exercise Physiology: more PhUn than just play
Authors: Perez‐Cardona Enrique U. , Rodríguez‐Graciani Keishla Marie 
Published: June 2021

Physiology is an unknown scientific discipline in high schools in Puerto Rico. In the past few years the chapter of the American Physiological Society in Puerto Rico at the Medical Sciences Campus has designed and implemented a Physiology Understanding Week (PhUn Week) to introduce high school students to basic concepts of neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology and respiratory physiology, all separately. This year we decided to use Exercise Physiology as a tool to integrate basic concepts in physiology and to show students how these concepts are relevant to our daily lives. Unlike previous PhUn Week events, this year, we introduced the skeletal muscle system and movement concepts that would illustrate better the idea of integration of physiological systems. We used the example of climbing stairs to show the students how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are activated and interact during an acute effort. In addition, we compared a student not involved in exercise training with a physically trained student to demonstrate the differences in the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to the acute demands of physical effort and exercise. In this case, we also integrated relevant neurophysiological concepts. At the end of the PhUn week integrative session, the students understood that these systems interact with each other and can adapt positively to the demands of exercise training. We concluded that exercise physiology is a fun way to learn basic concepts of neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology and respiratory physiology.Support or Funding InformationPhysiology Understanding Week is sponsored by the American Physiological Society. Enrique U. Pérez‐Cardona was supported by the UPR MSC RISE Program under the NIH grant R25 GM061838.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
An Active Learning and Draft‐Revision Approach to Teaching Scientific Writing to Undergraduate Physiology Students
Authors: Weaver Chelsea C , Taylor Jessica C , Osborn Jeffrey L 
Published: June 2021

The comprehension and communication of scientific literature are critical in training prospective scientists, yet undergraduate students are rarely exposed to these concepts in their STEM courses. To this end, we designed and implemented a series of mini‐workshops focusing on scientific evaluation and writing. Five undergraduates participated in these pilot workshops during weekly lab meetings. The first workshop taught students how to select and critically evaluate a peer‐reviewed paper for journal club. Students discussed the guidelines for authorship, the importance of assessing the quality of a journal, and how to concisely skim the article prior to choosing it for presentation. The second focused on abstract writing using active learning techniques. The students engaged in a discussion on scientific writing, including formatting, word choice, and style. They were introduced to the required sections of an abstract: title, introduction, animal model, hypothesis, methods, results, discussion, and conclusions. Laminated, cutout headers of each of the abstract components, along with single sentence snippets from a previously published abstract that was unknown to the students were provided for the exercise. As a group, they were tasked with classifying each of the sentences under the section headers. Afterward, students put the sentence cutouts together in a coherent fashion to form the complete abstract. The third workshop had the students use the scientific method to design an experiment. Students were given sample data and asked to write an abstract individually. The workshop leader provided a draft revision including comments and suggested edits. Writing an abstract required students to utilize knowledge from both the first and second workshops, including conducting a literature search, reviewing articles, and writing each portion of an abstract to complete the assignment. These reading and writing workshops elicited positive feedback from the students. They stated that they enjoyed working as a group and felt more prepared to write an abstract. The workshops also improved participation amongst lab members during weekly meetings. Overall, this was a quick, engaging strategy for preparing novice science students for scientific writing. We plan to expand this technique to a larger group of junior‐level physiology students in the spring. This will allow us to compare abstract quality amongst students who participate in the workshops with students who do not participate. From this, we will obtain a better understanding of the effectiveness of this technique as a method of introducing scientific communication to undergraduate physiology students.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Reflective writing as a learning tool to improve exam performance in a clinical physiology course
Authors: Anderson Lisa C 
Published: June 2021

Reflective writing is a process that allows the writer to give serious consideration to an experience. The act of reflecting can, not only give the writer insights into that experience but, also, be the vehicle of further learning. Given the value of reflection as a learning tool, reflective writing assignments have been incorporated into a two course Clinical Physiology series. Reflective writings are assigned after a two‐part exam. Part one is a multiple‐choice exam completed by each student individually. Part two is a group exam in which an assigned interdisciplinary group completes the same exam given in part one. During the group exam, students discuss each question until they reach a consensus about the correct answer. In previous work, student writings were analyzed using a reflective rubric adapted from the work of Learman (1). The analysis of student writings from the 2015–2016 academic year was used to refine the rubric and analysis for writings from the 2016–2017 academic year was used to perform inter‐rater reliability testing. For the 2017–2018 academic year, the adapted reflection rubric was included in the course syllabi for the purpose of guiding the student's reflective writings. Exam scores from academic year 2016–17 (pre‐rubric) were compared to exam scores from academic year 2017–2018 (post‐rubric). The following hypothesis was tested: students would benefit from having a rubric to guide their reflective writing and would therefore score higher on multiple choice exams than students who were not provided the rubric (since it had not yet been developed). There was not statistical difference between the exam averages on the first exam of the year, but in subsequent exams, the 2017–2018 students performed significantly better on individual exams, supporting the hypothesis. Data from academic year 2018–2019 is currently being collected and analyzed.Support or Funding InformationNAThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Enhancing Student Outcomes in Large Lecture Courses
Authors: Co Elizabeth , Spilios Kathryn 
Published: June 2021

Critical thinking, active learning, enhancing metacognition, problem‐based learning: there are many pedagogical efforts that we can make to enhance learning in biology and physiology classrooms. At large, research‐focused universities there are many challenges to embracing these techniques. Here we present data on effective strategies for enhancing student outcomes in large lecture courses.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Evolution of the proboscis in the moose, Alces alces: Evidence from Morphology and Ecology
Authors: Pagano Anthony Santino , Laitman Jeffrey T. , Albertine Kurt , Marquez Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Among living cervids, the moose or elk (Alces alces) is among the most distinctive for its enlarged proboscis. Despite over a century of scientific inquiry into the ecology and evolution of this species, the origin and function of its proboscis remain unclear. An ability conferred by the proboscis is closure of its nares, which the North American moose performs while diving for sodium‐rich aquatic vegetation. This is found in combination with elongated metapodials and long, splayed phalanges for walking on soft, marshy ground and cylindrical shape of the femoral head for greater mobility of the hip joint when walking over uneven surfaces as in closed swampland habitats. We investigated the anatomical basis and evolutionary history of the proboscis among moose by examining the soft‐ and hard‐tissue morphology of extant (i.e., dissected head and dry skulls) and extinct material (fossil Cervalces crania). The moose head was provided as a result of a vehicular accident while dry and fossil crania were studied from osteological collections from the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology and Mammalogy of the American Museum of Natural History. Results suggest that, rather than being a direct adaptation to aquatic foraging, the proboscis likely arose in a multi‐step process initiated when ancestral moose populations lost their rhinarium as an adaptation to selective browsing, freeing the external nose from the now mobile upper lip. Further selective pressures influencing ancestral moose populations in closed, marshy environments with poor visibility may have favored enhanced olfactory acuity provided by the proboscis, which appears to separate inspiratory airflow into superior olfactory and inferior respiratory columns via an elongated cartilaginous ridge emerging from the lateral wall of the anterior nasal cavity and meeting the inferior concha. Enhanced olfaction would be adaptive for predator avoidance among calving females and perceiving sociosexual signals during rutting season. Further analysis of the nasal cavity morphology and airflow dynamics of the moose is warranted.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Tissue quantification of neutral and acid mucins in the mucosa of the colon submitted to 10 days of gastric restriction in an animal model
Authors: Akamatsu Flávia Emi , Fontes Luiz Gustavo , Itezerote Ana Maria , Saleh Samir , Teodoro Walcy Rosolia , Hojaij Flávio , Andrade Mauro , Pereira José Aires , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundObesity and its related comorbidities have detrimental effects for the affected individual and pose a major challenge on public health systems worldwide.However, mechanisms of surgical weight loss and long‐term consequences of bariatric surgery remain unclear. Gastric reduction procedures are currently employed to treat morbid obesity and there are few reports concerning the consequent effects in large intestine.PurposeTo quantify the expression of neutral and acids mucins in mucosa of the colon in animal model and correlate this to gastric restrictionMethodsExperimental model of gastric restriction was devised using rats. The animals were submitted to surgical gastrostomy and a cylindrical loofah was inserted into the stomach. We studied 30 adult male Wistar rats divided in three groups: the stomach reduction group (R10), the sham group (S10), which underwent the same procedure except for the loofah insertion and the control group (C10). Animals were fed and kept in separate cages. They were weighed every other day until being sacrificed on day 10. The expression of neutral and acid mucins was evaluated using the histochemical techniques of Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue, respectively and Picrosirius Red. The tissue mucins and collagen expression were quantified by computer‐assisted image analysis software.Goblet cells and protein content were presented by groups as mean, median, minimum and maximum and it was compared between groups using generalized estimation equations (GEE) with normal distribution and identity link function supposing exchangeable correlation matrix between fields. Bonferroni's multiple comparison was applied to identify differences between groups. The results are described by the mean value with respective standard deviation. We used Spearman correlation to verify correlation between weight, height of the crypt and cells quantity. All tests were applied with 5% significance level.ResultsThere was increased expression of neutral mucins and acid mucins as well as Goblet cells in the R10 group. Picrosirius Red enhanced total collagen in restriction group.ConclusionsGastric restriction for 10 days in animal model increased neutral mucins and acid mucins as well as collagen content with trophic maintenance.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
One Plate by GAUTIER D'AGOTY on the Anatomy of the Frogs, Engraved in 1752 in Paris by Delaguette
Authors: Le Floch‐Prigent Patrice Pierre , Nguyen Juliette , Gillot Jean‐Bernard 
Published: June 2021

An engraving of the frogs with seven figures was anatomically observed. It was 14,5 cm wide and 20,5 cm high. It contained two dissected male and female specimens, the dissections of the genito‐urinary apparatus in both sexes, one entire, living frog and a tadpole. This plate came from a journal directed and published by Jacques‐Fabien GAUTIER D'AGOTY (1716–1785): “Observations sur l'histoire naturelle, sur la physique et sur la peinture” (observations of the natural history, the physics and the painting). It accompanied the Observation # XX “sur l'anatomie des grenouilles” (on the anatomy of the frogs). These plates were originally in the in‐4 size; later they were reproduced for some of them in the in‐12 size. GAUTIER D'AGOTY was very famous for a procedure of engraving in four colors and the publication of a large book with muscular plates and also for full size spectacular, obstetrical, anatomical women.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Workflow for Successful Collaboration between Anatomists and Pathologists: An Example of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Metastasis to a Virchow Node
Authors: Zdilla Matthew J , Aldawood Ali M , Plata Andrew , Vos Jeffrey A , Lambert H. Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Interprofessional collaboration between anatomists and pathologists is important, yet poses unique workflow challenges. Therefore, this report details a successful workflow example of a case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastasizing to a Virchow node wherein anatomists and pathologists collaborated in a manner that was both streamlined and effective. Essentially, gross pathology was identified in a gross anatomy laboratory, and an anatomist forwarded a description of these findings to the director of pathology residents. Next, the director of pathology residents forwarded basic details of gross anatomical findings to pathology residents while asking for resident participation based upon professional interests. The interested residents then contacted the anatomist, who, in turn, walked the residents through the gross anatomical findings in the dissection facilities. The residents resected the pathological tissues and then provided the anatomist with a written histopathological assessment that was confirmed by a seasoned pathologist. The insights of both the anatomists and pathologists led to successful description of the case with a robustness that either party would not have been able to complete on their own. This collaborative project led to a publication containing improved descriptions of clinically important findings arising from gross anatomy laboratories, and the effectiveness of the described workflow between anatomists, pathology residents, and pathologists will increase the collaborative output of all involved parties in future research projects and variant anatomical discoveries.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Size and Shape of the Porus Trigeminus: Implications for Trigeminal Neuralgia Procedures
Authors: Nestor Nicholas , Ritz Brianna , Hunter Dawn , Zdilla Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by debilitating facial pain. The treatment for trigeminal neuralgia often involves the introduction of a surgical tool through the foramen ovale and porus trigeminus (PT). Though several studies have recently described the anatomy of the foramen ovale, few have described the PT. This study analyzed 53 PT for area, height, width, and circularity among both left‐ and right‐sided PT from females and males. There were no statistically significant differences in the area, height, width, and circularity of the PT between sexes (U=258, p=0.42; U=255, p=0.38; U=298, p=0.99; U=295.5, p=0.95). Similarly, paired t‐tests revealed no significant differences between sides with regard to area (t=1.35; p=0.19) and height (t=0.40; p=0.69). However, there were significant differences between sides with regard to width (t=2.19; p=0.04) and circularity (t=3.38; p=0.003). The average left‐sided PT width was 6.6±2.4mm (Mean±SD) whereas the average right‐sided PT width was 7.7±1.6mm. With regard to surgical implications, right‐sided PT may provide slightly greater freedom with regard to the angle of approach to the PT.Support or Funding InformationFunding: WV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Book of LE CAT, “Traité des Sens” (= Treatise of the senses), Published in 1740, in Rouen (France)
Authors: Le Floch‐Prigent Patrice Pierre 
Published: June 2021

This book contained 16 anatomical and optical plates with 3 double ones: the sketch and explanations on one side and the print on the other one. The engravings were made by Herisset. It is the rare, first edition about the five senses, particularly the vision's one. The book was an in octavo and contained 301 pages. There was a dedicacion to the lords of the Normandy's parliament. In fact it was only one part of a large book in three volumes which will be edited later in 1767 as “Oeuvres physiologiques, Traité des sensations et des passions en général, et des sens en particulier” (= Physiological works, Treatise of the sensations and of the passions in general, and of the senses in particular (Paris, by Vallat‐La‐Chapelle). Claude‐Nicolas LE CAT (1700–1768) founded the Royal Academy of Rouen and was one of the most famous french surgeon in the 18th century. He establishes his activity in the town of Rouen (a large harbour in the entrance of the Seine river) in 1729 as the surgeon of his protector: the archibishop La Vergne de Tresan, then he became the chief surgeon of the Hotel‐Dieu in Rouen in 1731 where he built a dissection amphitheater in march 1736. This skilful lithotomist (ablation of the bladder stones) was a member of several societies (Academies of Paris, London, Madrid, …). We specially analyzed the anatomical accuracy of the plates.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.