bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Territorial dispute at home: strategic narratives contestation over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands nationalization policy in Japan
Authors: Shao Jingkai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Japan’s ‘nationalization’ of three islands of the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands in 2012 involves a Sino–Japanese territorial dispute as well as a strategic narrative contestation within Japan. This article argues that ‘strategic narrative’, a persuasive discursive tool, can exert power through three communicative processes (formation, projection, and reception) in the same way as Copenhagen School’s ‘securitization’ concept. Thus, the strategic narrative can be used to explain the mechanism of securitization. In the 2012 Diaoyu/Senkaku nationalization crisis, the then Tokyo Governor Ishihara Shintaro formed and projected a ‘provocation narrative’ to securitize the territorial issue, and then Japanese Prime minister Noda Yoshihiko attempted to use a ‘peace and stabilization narrative’ to calm things down. After analyzing the narrative contestation processes between Ishihara and Noda, this article finds that it was Ishihara’s triumph on the battlefield of strategic narrative, despite the result of the ultimate success of Noda to ‘nationalize’ the disputed islands.
Radical Target Setting and China’s Great Famine
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhou Li-An 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article empirically examines the role of radical targets for grain yields in triggering China’s Great Famine (1959–61), one of the largest man-made catastrophes in human history. Beginning in 1958, the Chinese central government assigned different targets for grain yields in most counties, based on their geographic location. All targets seemed unrealistically high. Using novel county-level data, combined with a spatial regression discontinuity strategy, we find evidence that these radical grain targets prompted excessive procurement and subsequent famine. Our estimates show that a one-standard deviation increase in grain yield targets led to an 18‰ higher death rate in 1960. This article sheds new light on the consequences of target-setting in an authoritarian regime without considering local contexts. (JEL O21, N45, P26).
On underwater sound radiation in a towing tank induced by continuous machine vibration in a steel circular cylinder
Authors: Wu Chen-I , Too Gee-Pinn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of structural vibrations produced by underwater vehicles is required to reduce sound radiation in submarine environments. In this study, experiments were performed using a continuously running machine to produce low-frequency vibrations in a submerged, watertight, steel circular cylinder in the centre of a 176 × 8 × 4 m3 towing tank, and the underwater radiation sound field was measured. Finite element method simulations of the system were also performed and showed good agreement with the experimental results. The wall effects of the towing tank were simulated in detail by changing the alternative impedances of the wall. The reflection and acoustic impedance of the towing tank walls were found to significantly affect the underwater sound field in both the experiments and simulations. An analytical solution was used to verify the frequency range applied in the simulation analysis. The results of this study provide a measurement procedure and a simulation method, which can be used to evaluate the underwater radiation sound field from the vehicle machine running in the water at wall boundary environment.
Relationship between lake area and distance from the city centre on lake-dependent resident and migratory birds in urban Bangalore, a tropical mega-city in Southern India
Authors: Jambhekar Ravi , Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh , Nagendra Harini 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Urbanization is one of the major causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Some species are able to adapt to urbanization, whereas others perish. Studies on long-term effects of the impact of urbanization on species diversity and abundance patterns are especially lacking from tropical cities. We seek to assess the relationship between urbanization and species richness of lake-dependent birds in Bangalore, a tropical mega-city in Southern India. We specifically ask: (i) How is bird species richness related to the size of the lake? (ii) How is bird species richness in Bangalore’s lakes related to the degree of urbanization? We used data from 2014 to 2019, collected from eBird—an online database that collates information on bird observations globally. Both lake area and distance from the city centre are correlated to species richness, with larger lakes supporting more bird species. As distance from the city centre increased (i.e. urbanization decreases), bird richness increased. Overall, in the city of Bangalore, migratory birds have declined while many lake-dependent resident birds seem to be increasing over the past 5 years. We hypothesize that birds that roost and nest in trees appear to be increasing. To confirm this, further research taking a trait-based approach is required. Urbanization appears to have species-specific impacts on lake-dependent birds in this tropical city, with certain groups of birds faring better than others. This research adds to the significant paucity of studies of the impact of urbanization on biodiversity in the urban tropics.
Neural response to rewards in youths with insomnia
Authors: Ling Jiefan , Lin Xuanyi , Li Xiao , Chan Ngan Yin , Zhang Jihui , Wing Yun Kwok , Hu Xiaoqing , Li Shirley Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesInsomnia and depression are common comorbid conditions in youths. Emerging evidence suggests that disrupted reward processing may be implicated in the association between insomnia and the increased risk for depression. Reduced reward positivity (RewP) as measured by event-related potential (ERP) has been linked to depression, but has not been tested in youths with insomnia.MethodsTwenty-eight participants with insomnia disorder and without any comorbid psychiatric disorders and 29 healthy sleepers aged between 15–24 completed a monetary reward task, the Cued Door task, while electroencephalographic activity was recorded. RewP (reward minus non-reward difference waves) was calculated as the mean amplitudes within 200−300 ms time window at FCz. Two analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted with age as a covariate on RewP amplitude and latency, respectively.ResultsParticipants with insomnia had a significantly lower RewP amplitude regardless of cue types (Gain, Control, and Loss) than healthy sleepers, F(1, 51) = 4.95, p = 0.031, indicating blunted reward processing. On the behavioral level, healthy sleepers were more prudential (slower reaction time) in decision making towards Loss/Gain cues than their insomnia counterparts. Trial-by-trial behavioral adjustment analyses showed that, compared with healthy sleepers, participants with insomnia were less likely to dynamically change their choices in response to Loss cues.ConclusionsDysfunctional reward processing, coupled with inflexibility of behavioral adjustment in decision-making, is associated with insomnia disorder among youth, independent of mood disorders. Future studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further delineate the developmental trajectory of insomnia-related reward dysfunctions in youth.
Hastening Death in Canadian ICUs: End-of-Life Care in the Era of Medical Assistance in Dying*
Authors: Andersen Sarah K. , Stewart Samuel , Leier Brendan , Alden Lynn E. , Townsend Derek R. , Garros Daniel 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Since 2016, Canada has allowed for euthanasia based on strict criteria under federal medical assistance in dying legislation. The purpose of this study was to determine how Canadian intensivists perceive medical assistance in dying and whether they believe their approach to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies has changed following introduction of medical assistance in dying.

DESIGN:
Electronic survey.

SETTING:
Participants were recruited from 11 PICU programs and 14 adult ICU programs across Canada. All program leaders for whom contact information was available were approached for participation.

PARTICIPANTS:
We invited intensivists and critical care trainees employed between December 2019 and May 2020 to participate using a snowball sampling technique in which department leaders distributed study information. All responses were anonymous. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson chi-square test.

INTERVENTIONS:
Not applicable.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We obtained 150 complete questionnaires (33% response rate), of which 50% were adult practitioners and 50% pediatric. Most were from academic centers (81%, n = 121). Of respondents, 86% (n = 130) were familiar with medical assistance in dying legislation, 71% in favor, 14% conflicted, and 11% opposed. Only 5% (n = 8) thought it had influenced their approach to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies. Half of participants had no standardized protocol for withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in their unit, and 41% (n = 62) had observed medications given in disproportionately high doses during withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, with 13% having personally administered such doses. Most (80%, n = 120) had experienced explicit requests from families to hasten death, and almost half (47%, n = 70) believed it was ethically permissible to intentionally hasten death following withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most Canadian intensivists surveyed do not think that medical assistance in dying has changed their approach to end of life in the ICU. A significant minority are ethically conflicted about the current approach to assisted dying/euthanasia in Canada. Almost half believe it is ethical to intentionally hasten death during withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies if death is expected.
Clinical Outcomes of Symptomatic Neuroma Resection and Reconstruction with Processed Nerve Allograft
Authors: Jain Sonu A. , Nydick Jason , Leversedge Fraser , Power Dominic , Styron Joseph , Safa Bauback , Buncke Gregory 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Neuromas causing sensory disturbance can substantially affect nerve function and quality of life. Historically, passive termination of the nerve end and proximal relocation to muscle or bone has been performed after neuroma resection, but this method does not allow for neurologic recovery or prevent recurrent neuromas. The use of processed nerve allografts (PNAs) for intercalary reconstruction of nerve defects following neuroma resection is reasonable for neuroma management, although reported outcomes are limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of pain reduction and functional recovery following neuroma resection and intercalary nerve reconstruction using PNA.

Methods:
Data on outcomes of PNA use for peripheral nerve reconstruction were collected from a multicenter registry study. The registry database was queried for upper extremity nerve reconstruction with PNA after resection of symptomatic neuroma. Patients completing both pain and quantitative sensory assessments were included in the analysis. Improvement in pain-related symptoms was determined via patient self-reported outcomes and/or the visual analog scale. Meaningful sensory recovery was defined as a score of at least S3 on the Medical Research Council Classification scale.

Results:
Twenty-five repairs involving 21 patients were included in this study. The median interval from injury to reconstruction was 386 days, and the average nerve defect length was 31 mm. Pain improved in 80% of repairs. Meaningful sensory recovery was achieved in 88% of repairs.

Conclusion:
Neuroma resection and nerve reconstruction using PNA can reduce or eliminate chronic peripheral nerve pain and provide meaningful sensory recovery.
The Role of von Willebrand Factor in Microvascular Surgery in Severely Injured Patients
Authors: Rothweiler René M. , Metzger Marc C. , Zieger Barbara , Huber-Schumacher Sabine , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Kalbhenn Johannes 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
Microvascular anastomosis has become a standard surgical technique for reconstruction because of increasing possibilities, indications, and clinical success regarding the survival of the flaps. However, the main dreaded complications exist in thrombosis. Leaving surgical complications aside, systemic problems like disorder of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system are a significant cause of graft loss usually being unrecognized. Reports exist describing a hypercoagulable state with clotting activation and inhibition of fibrinolysis after trauma and delayed surgery considering the secondary homeostasis. In this clinical case, a patient had a large soft tissue defect at the temporal side of the head after severe trauma. After some days of primary stabilization, reconstruction using a free microvascular latissimus dorsi flap was performed. Multiple revisions of the arterial and venous branches had to be performed intraoperatively due to insufficient flap perfusion. After 24 hours, definitive flap loss occurred due to multiple thrombosis in the arterial and venous branches. Postoperative comprehensive coagulation analysis revealed a distinct activation of primary hemostasis with massively increased von Willebrand factor parameters and factor VIII activity as well as acetylsalicylic acid resistance contributing to thrombotic occlusion. In severely injured patients, comprehensive preoperative determination of the coagulation status (especially those of the primary hemostasis) is indispensable before performing free flap reconstruction surgeries to reduce the risk of microvascular flap loss.
Need for Speed: Investigating Publication Times and Impact Factors of Plastic Surgery Journals
Authors: Chawla Sahil , Shelly Sandeep , Phord-Toy Rachel , Khosa Faisal 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Prolonged publishing time in scientific journals can be discouraging for researchers because earlier publication can mean a higher h-index and more academic opportunities. In this study, we evaluated the publication time for articles in plastic surgery journals compared with journals in surgery and medicine. We also assessed correlations between publication speed and journal impact factors (IFs).

Methods:
The overall indexes of all plastic surgery journals were compared with journals in the discipline of surgery and medicine. In addition, we evaluated original articles published in all plastic surgical journals and the highest-ranking journals from various surgical subspecialties listed in the 2018 Journal Citation Report, assessing the time intervals from submission to publication, submission to acceptance, and acceptance to publication. Correlation between time interval and journal IF were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 18 plastic surgery journals were compared with 210 surgical journals. Our study found that the IFs of journals significantly affect submission-to-acceptance times of the articles (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). The median submission-to-publication time for all plastic surgery and all surgical journals was 29.7 weeks (IQR, 12.1 and 35.8) and 22.1 days (IQR,18.8 and 36.8), respectively.

Conclusions:
There is a significant submission to publication time lag in plastic surgery journals when compared with other nonplastic-surgery journals. There was a positive correlation between submission-to publication time and IF for plastic surgery journals but a negative correlation for surgery journals (Spearman Correlation). In the last 14 years, plastic surgery journals have remained slow in publishing articles.
Free-style Approach to the Pedicled Lower Medial Thigh Perforator Flap
Authors: Koh Keith , Kong Yuan , Loh Mei Ling , Wu Yijun , Pek Chong Han 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
Soft tissue reconstruction around joints such as the knee requires a few additional considerations compared with other regions. The overlying skin must be pliable, with adequate distensibility to maintain the range of motion as a hinge joint, and ideally be replaced with “like-for-like” tissue to restore its delicate contour. The advent of perforator flaps has provided reconstructive surgeons with thin, pliable flaps conferring superior aesthetic results, good preservation of joint range of motion, and less donor site morbidity. Utilizing locoregional options also allows replacement with “like-for-like.” We retrospectively reviewed lower medial thigh perforator flaps performed for traumatic and debrided infected knee wounds, using a free-style approach to flap harvest. The described technique was found to be reliable, with consistent anatomy. All flaps survived and successfully covered small- to medium-sized critical defects in healthy individuals and those with multiple comorbidities.
Clinical Nurse Specialist Expands to Crisis Management Role During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ladak Anila , Lee Betty , Sasinski Juliet 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Emergence of the COVID-19 crisis into the healthcare system challenged existing roles and shifted organizational priorities and staff responsibilities. Operating within the spheres of impact, clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) adapted to the needs of the organization and expanded their responsibilities to provide crisis leadership.

Description of Project
The CNSs used advanced practice nursing skills and leadership to implement hospital rounds, identify issues, make decisions, collaborate with stakeholders, disseminate new and emerging information, and evaluate processes in an ongoing pandemic. Using the health crisis management framework, the CNSs demonstrated authentic leadership throughout the prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation phases.

Outcome
Data analysis of CNS handoff and meeting communications generated these areas of focus involving the CNSs: (1) clinical practice, (2) supplies, (3) workflows, and (4) people.

Conclusion
The CNS played a vital role in the planning, training, and evaluation of crisis preparation. New and emerging infectious diseases may continue to confront the healthcare system. Thus, healthcare systems need to remain prepared for public health threats. In the crisis leadership role, the CNS helped the transition to learn and relearn practices. As authentic leaders, CNSs instilled calmness, confidence, trust, and resiliency to the staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Comfort Measures Only Checklist for Critical Care Providers
Authors: Matone Emily , Verosky Denise , Siedsma Matthew , O'Kane Erica N. , Ren Dianxu , Harlan Melissa D. , Tuite Patricia K. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This quality improvement project created a guide for critical care providers transitioning patients to comfort measures only encouraging communication, collaboration, and shared decision making; ensuring management of patients' end-of-life symptoms and needs; and enhancing provider satisfaction by improving structure and consistency when transitioning patients.

Description of the Project
Interviews conducted with staff in intensive care units revealed opportunities to improve structure and processes of transitioning patients at the end of life. A subcommittee of experts designed a checklist to facilitate interdisciplinary conversations. Impact on provider satisfaction and symptom management was assessed. Presurveys circulated used a Research Electronic Data Capture tool. A checklist was implemented for 3 months, and then postsurveys were sent. Charts were audited to identify improvement in symptom management and compared with retrospective samples.

Outcomes
Clinical improvements were seen in communication (12%), collaboration (25%), shared decision making (22%), and order entry time (17%). In addition, 72% agreed the checklist improved structure and consistency; 69% reported improved communication, collaboration, and shared decision making; 61% felt it improved knowledge/understanding of patient needs; and 69% agreed it improved management of patient symptoms.

Conclusion
After checklist implementation, staff felt more involved and more comfortable, and reported more clarity in transitioning patients; no improvement in patient outcomes was realized.
“Sometimes Life Throws You a Curve Ball”
Authors: O'Neil Hailey A. , Fletcher Paula C. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's disease face many challenges and barriers older adults with late-onset Alzheimer's do not. Unfortunately, information about early-onset Alzheimer's disease is in its infancy stage in comparison with late-onset Alzheimer's.

Purpose/Aims
The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of a 54-year-old man with early-onset Alzheimer's disease and his family (wife, sister, and mother) to understand the effects on the family unit.

Design
Interpretive phenomenology was used to guide this study.

Methods
All participants completed 2 in-person one-on-one interviews, and a final interview was completed online. Field notes, member checks, and triangulation were used to enhance the study's credibility.

Results
This article focuses on the theme “‘A big curve ball’: Disruption of the life cycle.” Participants indicated the major financial and social challenges experienced by Joe and his wife. Furthermore, participants emphasized the importance of acceptance and maintaining a positive attitude to help cope with Joe's diagnosis.

Conclusions
The accounts of Joe and his family shed light on an area relatively void in the literature. In addition, Joe's experiences may provide comfort for other families facing early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The implications for community health nurses in assisting individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's disease and their families are discussed.