bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Martin Luther King Fixed It”: Children Making Sense of Racial Identity in a Colorblind Society
Authors: Rogers Leoandra Onnie , Moffitt Ursula , Foo Christina 
Published: July 2021

Children in the United States grow up in a context wherein colorblindness and racism coexist. This article examined how colorblindness functions as a societal “master narrative” that shapes how children construct their own racial identities. Data were collected via semi‐structured interviews with 217 Black, White, and Multiracial children (Mage = 9.92) in public schools in the Pacific Northwest during 2013–2014 academic year. Our analysis identified four race narratives, which varied systematically by child age and race. Associations were also found between narrative types and children’s ratings of racial identity importance. Although colorblindness infuses many of the racial narratives, there was evidence that children also question and disrupt this master narrative with stories of resistance that counter colorblind norms.
Treatment concepts of horizontally deficient ridges—A retrospective study comparing narrow‐diameter implants in pristine bone with standard‐diameter implants in augmented bone
Authors: Schiegnitz Eik , Kämmerer Peer W. , Hellwich Philipp , König Jochem , Sagheb Keyvan , Al‐Nawas Bilal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare clinical and radiological outcomes of narrow‐diameter implants (NDI) placed in pristine bone to standard‐diameter implants placed in combination with horizontal bone augmentation procedures (SDI+A) for horizontally deficient alveolar ridges.Material and MethodsFor this retrospective study, the outcome of 597 NDI (∅ 3.3 mm, 272 patients), inserted in pristine bone, were compared with 180 SDI (∅ 4.1 mm, 83 patients), inserted in combination with horizontal augmentation procedures. Oral health‐related quality of life was assessed in patients available for recall.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 37.6 ± 40 months for the NDI and of 42.4 ± 49 months for the SDI+A, survival rates were 96.1% for NDI and 95.6% for SDI+A. Cumulative 5‐year and 10‐year implant survival rates were 94.3% and 92.2% for the NDI group and 97.0% and 88.3% for the SDI+A group, indicating no significant difference (p = .89). According to the criteria of Buser et al., an implant success rate of 84.3% was obtained for the NDI and an implant success rate of 81.3% for the SDI+A (p = .79). Regarding oral health‐related quality of life, a similar and high patient satisfaction could be observed in both groups.ConclusionsNDI without augmentation procedures showed a similar clinical outcome as SDI in combination with augmentation procedures after a follow‐up of more than 3 years. Therefore, NDI might be a reasonable alternative in cases of horizontal bone atrophy (no clinical trial registration as patient inclusion started 2003).
Microplastic contamination in Great Lakes fish
Authors: Munno Keenan , Helm Paul A. , Rochman Chelsea , George Tara , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems, generally adjacent to human population and more contaminated relative to adjacent marine ecosystems, are vulnerable to microplastic contamination. We sampled 7 species of fish from Lake Ontario and Lake Superior and assessed their gastrointestinal (GI) tracts to quantify ingested microplastics and other anthropogenic particles. A subset of the microparticles were chemically analyzed to confirm polymer types and anthropogenic origins. We documented the highest concentration of microplastics and other anthropogenic microparticles ever reported in bony fish. We found 12,442 anthropogenic microparticles across 212 fish (8 species) from nearshore Lake Ontario, 943 across 50 fish (1 species) from Humber River, and 3094 across 119 fish (7 species) from Lake Superior. Fish from Lake Ontario had the greatest mean abundance of anthropogenic microparticles in their GI tracts (59 particles/fish [SD 104]), with up to 915 microparticles in a single fish. Fish from Lake Superior contained a mean [SD] of 26 [74] particles/fish, and fish from Humber River contained 19 [14] particles/fish. Most particles were microfibers. Overall, ≥90% of particles were anthropogenic, of which 35‐59% were microplastics. Polyethylene (24%), polyethylene terephthalate (20%), and polypropylene (18%) were the most common microplastics. Ingestion of anthropogenic particles was significantly different among species within Lake Ontario (p< 0.05), and the abundance of anthropogenic particles increased as fish length increased in Lake Ontario (ρ= 0.62). Although we cannot extrapolate the concentration of microplastics in the water and sediments of these fish, the relatively high abundance of microplastics in the GI tracts of fish suggests environmental exposure may be above threshold concentrations for risk.
Mesoscale productivity fronts and local fishing opportunities in the European Seas
Authors: Druon Jean‐Noël , Gascuel Didier , Gibin Maurizio , Zanzi Antonella , Fromentin Jean‐Marc , Colloca Francesco , Hélaouët Pierre , Coll Marta , Mannini Alessandro , Bluemel Joanna K , Piroddi Chiara , Bastardie Francois , Macias‐Moy Diego , Vasilakopoulos Paraskevas , Winker Henning , Serpetti Natalia , Guillen Jordi , Palialexis Andreas , Gras Michaël , Hekim Zeynep , Dubroca Laurent , Pinto Cecilia , Steenbeek Jeroen , Martinsohn Jann 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the relationship between both commercial and scientific spatial fisheries data and a new satellite‐based estimate of potential fish production (Ocean Productivity available to Fish, OPFish) in the European Seas. To construct OPFish, we used productivity frontal features derived from chlorophyll‐ahorizontal gradients, which characterize 10%–20% of the global phytoplankton production that effectively fuels higher trophic levels. OPFish is relatively consistent with the spatial distribution of both pelagic and demersal fish landings and catches per unit of effort (LPUEs and CPUEs, respectively). An index of harvest relative to ocean productivity (HPindex) is calculated by dividing these LPUEs or CPUEs with OPFish. The HPindex reflects the intensity of fishing by gear type with regard to local fish production. Low HPlevels indicate lower LPUEs or CPUEs than expected from oceanic production, suggesting over‐exploitation, while high HPlevels imply more sustainable fishing. HPallows comparing the production‐dependent suitability of local fishing intensities. Our results from bottom trawl data highlight that over‐exploitation of demersal species from the shelves is twice as high in the Mediterranean Sea than in the North‐East Atlantic. The estimate of HPindex by dominant pelagic and demersal gears suggests that midwater and bottom otter trawls are associated with the lowest and highest overfishing, respectively. The contrasts of fishing intensity at local scales captured by the HPindex suggest that accounting for the local potential fish production can promote fisheries sustainability in the context of ecosystem‐based fisheries management as required by international marine policies.
The early marine distribution of Atlantic salmon in the North‐east Atlantic: A genetically informed stock‐specific synthesis
Authors: Gilbey John , Utne Kjell Rong , Wennevik Vidar , Beck Alexander Christian , Kausrud Kyrre , Hindar Kjetil , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Cherbonnel Corrine , Coughlan Jamie , Cross Tom F. , Dillane Eileen , Ensing Dennis , García‐Vázquez Eva , Hole Lars R. , Holm Marianne , Holst Jens Christian , Jacobsen Jan Arge , Jensen Arne J. , Karlsson Sten , Ó Maoiléidigh Niall , Mork Kjell Arne , Nielsen Einar Eg , Nøttestad Leif , Primmer Craig R. , Prodöhl Paulo , Prusov Sergey , Stevens Jamie R. , Thomas Katie , Whelan Ken , McGinnity Philip , Verspoor Eric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), an increasingly rare anadromous species, has declined dramatically during its marine phase, with disproportionate impacts on the poorly understood early post‐smolt period. Logistical constraints on collecting oceanic data to inform this issue pose a formidable obstacle. To advance understanding of post‐smolt distributional ecology in the North‐east Atlantic, a comprehensive analysis of existing information was undertaken. Data were synthesized from 385 marine cruises, 10,202 individual trawls, and 9,269 captured post‐smolts, spanning three decades and ~4.75 million km2 of ocean, with 3,423 individuals genetically assigned to regional phylogeographic origin. The findings confirm major migrational post‐smolt aggregations on the continental shelf‐edge off Ireland, Scotland and Norway, and an important marine foraging area in the Norwegian Sea. Genetic analysis shows that aggregational stock composition does not simply reflect distance to natal rivers, with northern phylogeographic stock groups significantly under‐represented in sampled high‐seas aggregations. It identifies a key foraging habitat for southern European post‐smolts located in international waters immediately west of the Vøring Plateau escarpment, potentially exposing them to a high by‐catch mortality from extra‐territorial pelagic fisheries. Evidence of the differential distribution of regional stocks points to fundamental differences in their migration behaviours and may lead to inter‐stock variation in responses to environmental change and marine survival. The study shows that understanding of post‐smolt marine ecology, as regards to stock‐specific variations in habitat utilization, biological performance and exposure to mortality factors, can be significantly advanced by data integration across studies and exploiting genetic approaches.
Experience of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19: A qualitative study of a pandemic disease in Iran
Authors: Jamili Sara , Ebrahimipour Hosein , Adel Amin , Badiee aval Shapour , Hoseini Seyed Javad , Vejdani Marjan , Ebnehoseini Zahra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe spread of COVID‐19 as an infectious disease brings about many newly arrived challenges, which call for further research on the scope of its effect on life due to the special conditions of this disease. The present study is, therefore, an attempt to understand the lived experience of inpatients hospitalized with COVID‐19.MethodIn this phenomenological study, among patients with COVID‐19 who were hospitalized in COVID‐19 referral hospitals, 17 people were selected by random sampling method. Data were gathered by interviews and analysed using MAXQDA10 software.FindingsAnalysis revealed 4 main themes and 16 subthemes. Main themes included the (1) denial of the disease, (2) negative emotions upon arrival, (3) perception of social and psychological supports and (4) post‐discharge concerns and problems.ConclusionPatients with COVID‐19 experience a different world of stresses, concerns and feelings in the course of their disease. Gaining a deeper insight into patients’ experiences with this disease can help handle this disease more effectively and provide better post‐corona nursing and psychological care and services.
Alinity hq platelet results are equivalent with the international reference method in thrombocytopenic samples
Authors: Lifson Mark A. , Wakui Masatoshi , Arai Tomoko , Mitsuhashi Takayuki , Lakos Gabriella , Murata Mitsuru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAccurate and precise platelet (PLT) count is critical for the appropriate management of patients with thrombocytopenia. This study evaluated the performance of PLT counting with the Abbott Alinity hq hematology analyzer, which utilizes multi‐dimensional optical technology.MethodsImprecision, linearity, and accuracy were assessed per CLSI guidelines. Alinity hq PLT results were compared to the international flow cytometry reference method (IRM) in the concentration range of 6.3 to 103.0 × 109/L. Additional comparisons were made with Sysmex XN‐3000 PLT counts: impedance (PLT‐I), optical (PLT‐O), and optical fluorescent (PLT‐F) methods.ResultsThe average within‐run %CV was 4.7% on patient samples with PLT concentrations ranging from 13.1 to 41.7 × 109/L, and the within‐laboratory %CV was 3.6% at the level of 68.2 × 109/L. Linearity evaluation indicated a maximum deviation of 3.1% from the linear fit in the range of 0.1 to 316.8 × 109/L. Comparison between Alinity hq and the IRM PLT counts yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and predicted bias of 0.0 and −0.5 × 109/L at 10.0 and 20.0 × 109/L transfusion thresholds, respectively. Alinity hq PLT counts also correlated well with Sysmex PLT counts, with strongest correlation obtained with PLT‐F and PLT‐O (r = .99) methods.ConclusionThis study demonstrated excellent analytical performance of Alinity hq PLT counting in thrombocytopenic samples, equivalency with the IRM and strong agreement with Sysmex PLT‐F and PLT‐O methods. The Alinity hq multi‐dimensional optical PLT count is available with every CBC without additional reagents and may help promote efficiency in clinical laboratories.
Clinical evaluation of xenogeneic collagen matrix versus free gingival grafts for keratinized mucosa augmentation around dental implants: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Huang Jia‐Ping , Liu Jia‐Mei , Wu Yan‐Min , Dai Anna , Hu Hua‐Jiao , He Fu‐Ming , Chen Qian‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Jun , Sun Ping , Ding Pei‐Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the outcomes of an apically repositioned flap (ARF) plus xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in augmenting keratinized mucosa width (KMW) around dental implants when compared with ARF plus free gingival grafts (FGG).Materials and methodsTwenty‐six participants with at least one site with KMW ≤2 mm were randomized into FGG or XCM group. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months after surgery, including KMW, keratinized mucosa thickness, gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD). Post‐operative pain and patient satisfaction were also evaluated.ResultsAt 6 months, FGG attained a greater increase of KMW and thicker mucosa than XCM (4.1 ± 1.6 mm vs. 1.8 ± 1.0 mm, p < .001; 1.7 ± 0.6 mm vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 mm, p < .01). Regarding GI, PD, post‐operative pain, aesthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction, no significant difference could be detected. Moreover, the operation time of XCM group was shorter (60 ± 9 min vs. 39 ± 8 min, p < .001).ConclusionsFGG could result in greater increase of KMW than XCM, though both could increase KMW, maintain peri‐implant health, and attain comparable aesthetic outcomes. The use of XCM was associated with reduced operation time.
Practical view of the topical treatment of peripheral venous catheter‐related phlebitis: A scoping review
Authors: Garcia‐Expósito Judith , Masot Olga , Gros Sílvia , Botigué Teresa , Roca Judith 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and analyse topical treatments for peripheral venous catheter (PVC)‐related phlebitis.DesignThe methodological framework used to make this scoping review was developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005; (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005 and 19)).Data sourcesA literature search was performed in various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, Cuiden, Web of Science, WorldWideScience and Joanna Briggs. Additionally, articles from informal sources were incorporated.Review methodsA search and selection were made of experimental, quasi‐experimental and pre‐experimental studies published between January 2015 and September 2020 that consider the use of topical products for the treatment of hospital in‐patients with PVC‐related phlebitis. Appraisal of the methodological quality of the study was performed independently by pairs of reviewers on the basis of the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The review was based on the guidelines in the PRISMA‐ScR statement.ResultsTwenty‐two articles were selected (8 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 12 quasi‐RCTs and 2 pre‐experimental studies) which considered treatments applied to a total of 2042 adult patients. The topical treatments described were classified into physical measures and phytotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments. The physical measures are easy to apply, but their effectiveness is limited. The main limitation of the phytotherapeutic treatments is their marketing and use in eastern culture. The best performing pharmacological treatment is the application of magnesium sulphate either with or without glycerine. These products can be presented in different pharmaceutical formulas: ointment, solution and oil.Conclusions and relevance to clinical practiceThe evidence currently available on this issue is limited and often of dubious methodological rigour. Further studies are required on the treatment and follow‐up of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis in different national and international contexts.
Saturation screening for neonatal hypoxaemia within 6 h of life: Not all about congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Lutz Tracey L , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: July 2021

AimsTo assess the outcomes of an early oxygen saturation screening programme in apparently healthy newborns for the detection of cardiac and non‐cardiac disease. To describe the aetiology and incidence of infants with oxygen saturations <95% in the first 6 h of life and describe the management to discharge. In addition, we sought to identify any risk factors for failed early saturations.MethodsThis is a retrospective hospital cohort assessing outcomes of an early saturation screening programme performed in apparently healthy newborns. Infants with oxygen saturations less than 95% were identified and their clinical notes were hand‐searched. Descriptive statistics were used to present demographics, proportion of infants who passed or failed screening, subsequent diagnoses and short‐term outcome. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent associations of clinical factors (birthweight, gestation, elective caesarean section and gender) with failed screening.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2019, 14 956 healthy newborns were assessed within the first 6 h, 94 (0.63%) failed the early saturation screen. The most common causes for saturation <95% were respiratory disease or delayed transition. There were 31 (33%) infants admitted to the NICU with an additional baby requiring emergency transfer to a cardiac centre. Infants were 28 times more likely to have saturations <95% if born by elective caesarean section (odds ratio 28, conflict of interest (18.54–42.82)).ConclusionIn apparently healthy newborns, early assessment of oxygen saturation, combined with clinical assessment and subsequent intervention can identify important conditions and should be considered as standard care.
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis due to Hashimoto’s encephalopathy responding to therapeutic plasma exchange: A case report
Authors: Ohnmar Ohnmar , Win Sai Kyaw , Tun Zin Phyu , Aye Yin Minn , Lwin Thandar , Lay Phyu Phyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 66 years‐old lady presented with acute onset confusion and status epilepticus. MRI (Brain) showed T2 shine through at bilateral hippocampi. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis. Screening for infections, autoimmune and paraneoplastic conditions were negative except significantly high anti‐TPO antibody and hyperthyroid state. Her seizures needed multiple antiepileptic drugs. Limbic encephalitis was treated with high‐dose steroid but not responded and plasma exchange was proceeded. At two weeks after plasma exchange, her conscious level and seizure frequency were significantly improved. We present a case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with limbic encephalitis not responding to steroid but to plasma exchange.
ISLAND DWELLINGS AT 60° NORTH: NEW EVIDENCE FOR CRANNOGS IN IRON AGE SHETLAND
Authors: Stratigos Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryRe‐evaluation of recorded sites and new field survey have identified 30 island dwellings in Shetland which are argued to be part of the wider Scottish Iron Age crannog building tradition. Four were subject to field survey above and below water and found to be at least partly artificial. The morphology, distribution and chronology of Shetland’s artificial islands are discussed and compared to the rest of Scotland emphasizing their parallels. The results support the recent move towards considering islet duns and brochs as crannogs. These newly identified sites in Shetland underline the ubiquity of the crannog building tradition in Scotland. Through discussion of the morphology, distribution and chronology of crannogs in Shetland and the rest of Scotland, it is argued that artificial island dwelling is a widely shared cultural practice and an underlying principle of Scottish Iron Age settlement.
Bradyarrhythmias in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and a clinical report
Authors: Gatto Maria Chiara , Persi Alessandro , Tung Marzia , Masi Rosa , Canitano Stefano , Kol Amir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral cardiovascular diseases and arrhythmic disorders have been described in COVID‐19 era as likely related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The prognostic relevance of bradyarrhythmias during the infection has not been yet described and no data are available about long‐term heart conduction disorders. A review of literature concerning the association between hypokinetic arrhythmias and COVID‐19 from January 2020 to February 2021 was performed. The key‐words used for the research were: “sinus node disfunction,” “sick sinus syndrome (SSS),” “sino‐atrial block,” “atrio‐ventricular block (AVB),” “bradyarrhythmias,” and “COVID‐19″ or ”SARS‐CoV‐2.″ Excluding “relative bradycardia,” a total of 38 cases of bradyarrhythmia related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been described, even in very young people, requiring in many cases a definitive pacemaker implantation. Furthermore, we report a case of non‐hospitalized 47‐years old man with a SSS developed as a consequence of mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. While in all described cases heart conduction disorders were found at presentation of the infection or during hospitalization for COVID‐19, in our case the diagnosis of SSS was made after the resolution of the infection. Although rarely, heart conduction disorders may occur during COVID‐19 and the present case highlights that a cardiological follow up may be desirable even after the resolution of infection, especially in the presence of symptoms suggesting a possible heart involvement.