bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of n-ZnO/p-Si++ Hetero-junction Devices for Hydrogen Detection: Effect of Annealing Temperature
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Rawal Ishpal , Kumar Vipin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we reports the fabrication of n-ZnO/p-Si++ hetero-junction devices for the detection of hydrogen leakage in ambient air environment. For the fabrication of n-ZnO/p-Si++ hetero-junction devices, high quality ZnO thin films are grown by controlled thermal evaporation technique on the highly doped p-type silicon substrates at 400 oC. The two sets of films deposited at 400 o C are further annealed at 500 and 600 oC to examine the effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphology, electrical and gas sensing properties of the deposited films. It is revealed from the x-ray diffraction studies that the crystallite size, and the density of the films increase from 22.55 to 24.95 nm, from 5.65 to 5.68 g/cm3, respectively, on increasing the fabrication temperature from 400 to 600 oC. In contrast to it, the grain boundary specific surface area decrease from 8.79 x107 to 7.88 x107 m-1 on changing the fabrication temperature from 400 to 600 oC. The hydrogen gas sensing response of the fabricated devices has also been recorded at different operating temperatures and different hydrogen concentrations (200 to 1000ppm) in air ambient. It is found that the gas sensing response of the fabricated devices increase with increase in operating temperature (up to 100 oC) and decease beyond this temperature. The gas sensing responses of the devices fabricated at 400, 500 and 600 oC are found to be 97.22, 64.23 and 40.77 % at 1000 ppm of hydrogen. A decrease in gas sensing response with fabrication temperature is attributed to the increase in crystallite size (quantum size effect), density of films (i.e. lower penetration) and decrease in grain boundary specific surface area (i.e. active sites) with annealing temperature. The mechanism of the gas sensing in these devices has also been systematically analyzed under different models.
Evaluation and Validation of a Prediction Model for Extubation Success in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Dryer Rebecca , Salem Anand , Saroha Vivek , Greenberg Rachel , Rysavy Matthew , Chawla Sanjay , Patel Ravi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of a publicly available model predicting extubation success in very preterm infants.Study DesignRetrospective study of infants born < 1250 g at a single center. Model performance evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and comparing observed and expected probabilities of extubation success, defined as survival ≥ 5 d without an endotracheal tube.ResultsOf 177 infants, 120 (68%) were extubated successfully. The median (IQR) gestational age was 27 weeks (25–28) and weight at extubation was 915 g (755–1050). The model had acceptable discrimination (AUROC 0.72 [95% CI 0.65–0.80]) and adequate calibration (calibration slope 0.96, intercept − 0.06, mean observed-to-expected difference in probability of extubation success − 0.08 [95% CI -0.01, -0.15]).ConclusionsThe extubation success prediction model has acceptable performance in an external cohort, supporting its potential utility in clinical decision-making. Additional studies are needed to determine if its use can improve outcomes.
Insulin-Related Lipohypertrophy: Ultrasound Characteristics, Risk factors, and Impact of Glucose Fluctuations
Authors: Lin Yiyang , Wang Wei , Hong Junfeng , Zeng Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLipohypertrophy (LHT) has been suggested as an outcome of adipogenic effects of insulin injection-related tissue trauma. It is common clinically, but the current understanding of LHT by medical staff and diabetic patients is still insufficient, and it has not attracted attention as a research topic.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the ultrasound characterization of LHT, to identify factors associated with the development of LHT by assessing the prevalence of LHT compared to both clinical palpation and ultrasound detection methods, and to further evaluate the possible impact of LHT on patients' blood glucose fluctuations.MethodA cross-sectional study was established, in which 120 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected. General information was registered in the form of a questionnaire, and the patients were evaluated for LHT by ultrasonography and clinical palpation of the abdomen. Patients were instructed to inject equal amounts of insulin in LHT and normal adipose tissue (NAT) on a non-consecutive 2 d in a selected week, and the possible effect of LHT on patients' blood glucose fluctuations was assessed using a continuous glucose monitoring system. .ResultsLHT has special ultrasonic signs. We found a high rate of missed clinical palpation of LHT compared with ultrasonography (P < 0.05). The duration of insulin treatment, whether to rotate the injection site, frequency of needle use, and number of insulin injections per day were the main factors influencing the development of LHT (P < 0.05). Compared to NAT, LHT resulted in elevated largest amplitude of glycemic excursion, mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, and postprandial glucose excursion, and large fluctuations in blood glucose (P < 0.05).ConclusionUltrasonography can detect more LHT than can clinical palpation. The development of LHT is related to many factors and can lead to significant blood glucose fluctuations; thus, LHT should be given sufficient attention.
Thermoelectric-based cooling system for high-speed motorized spindle I: Design and control mechanism
Authors: Kai-Guo Fan , Xiao Jianying , Wang Ruoda , Gao Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the increase of spindle speed, heat generation becomes the crucial problem of high-speed motorized spindle. A new cooling system for motorized spindle is proposed based on the principles of thermoelectric refrigeration and fast heat conduction. The main strategy of the proposed ThermoElectric-based Cooling System (TECS) is using the ThermoElectric Cooler (TEC) to cool the spindle through a Heat Conduction Sleeve (HCS). The TEC is designed according to the heat generation of motorized spindle. The cooling capacity generated by the TEC is controlled by electric current passing through the TEC according to the temperature rise of HCS. The HCS is designed to distribute the cold quickly and is installed around the spindle sleeve working as cooling medium. The simulation results show that the cooling effect of the proposed TECS is better than water water-cooling system. It is meaningful to improve the accuracy of motorized spindle.
LRFN5 locus structure is influenced by the individual’s sex and associated with autism
Authors: Lybæk Helle , Robson Michael , de Leeuw Nicole , Hehir-Kwa Jayne Y. , Jeffries Aaron , Haukanes Bjørn Ivar , Berland Siren , de Bruijn Diederik , Mundlos Stefan , Spielmann Malte , Houge Gunnar Douzgos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLRFN5 is a brain-specific gene needed for synaptic development and plasticity. It is the only gene in a large 5.4 Mb topologically associating domain (TAD) on chromosome 14, which we term the LRFN5 locus. This locus is highly conserved, but has extensive copy number variation. MethodsLocus structure was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation (chIP-onchip) in fibroblasts from individuals with autism and controls, supplemented with a capture-HiC determination of TAD structures in a family trio. LRFN5 expression was studied in foetal brain cell cultures. In addition, locus interaction was studied in four large and independent cohorts by measuring deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of a common deletion polymorphism. ResultsWe found that locus structural changes are associated with developmental delay (DD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In a large family, ASD in males segregated with a chromosome 14 haplotype carrying a 172 kb deletion upstream of LRFN5 . In a fibroblast capture-HiC study on an ASD-patient-parent trio, the ASDsusceptible haplotype (in the mother and her autistic son) had a TAD pattern different from both the father and a female control. When the trimethylated histone-3-lysine-9 chromatin (H3K9me3) profiles in fibroblasts from control males (n=6) and females (n=7) were compared, a male-female difference was observed around the LRFN5 gene itself (p<0.01). Intriguingly, in three cohorts of individuals with DD (n=8757), the number of heterozygotes of a common deletion polymorphism upstream of LRFN5 was 20-26% lower than expected from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This indicates early allelic interaction, and the genomic conversions from heterozygosity to wildtype or deletion homozygosity were of equal magnitudes. In a control group of medical students (n=1416), such conversions were three times more common than in the DD-patient cohorts (p=0.00001). Hypothetically, such allelic interaction is needed to establish monoallelic expression, which we found in foetal brain cell cultures. LimitationsThe male-female difference in H3K9me3 profiles was based on fibroblast data from a small number of individuals, and the monoallelic expression data on a single experiment. ConclusionsTaken together, allelic interaction, monoallelic expression and sexdependent differences make the LRFN5 locus attractive for exploring the genetic basis of synaptic memory and high-functioning male autism.
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: The Rate and Clinical Predictors of Histopathological Diagnosis
Authors: Yucel Ozlem Eski , Yucel Semih Murat , Gun Seda , Gungor Inci 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To determine the rate of histopathological diagnosis by temporal artery (TA) biopsy (TAB) and the predictive clinical features of TAB positivity in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).
Methods

The records of patients who underwent TAB with pre-diagnosis of GCA between January 2006 and May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic characteristics, symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings, TAB data, and the medications of the patients were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups as TAB-negative and TAB-positive, and compared clinically. Factors affecting TAB positivity were determined.
Results

TAB confirmed the diagnosis of GCA in 48% of our cases. The median fixed TAB specimen length was 1.7 (0.5–4.0) mm. TAB positivity increased with age (74 vs. 66 years, p = 0.027) and was more common in women (91.7% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.019). Jaw claudication (66.7% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.027) and decreased pulse of the TA (58.3% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.022) were more in the TAB-positive group than in the TAB-negative. The median C-reactive protein (CRP) level was statistically higher in the TAB-positive group compared to the TAB-negative (37 mg/L vs. 12.6 mg/L, p = 0.039). The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed female gender [OR (95%CI): 2.9 (1.7-181.3), p = 0.016], presence of jaw claudication [OR (95%CI): 2.4 (1.6–75.5), p = 0.015], decreased TA pulse [OR (95%CI): 2.8 (1.6-174.5), p = 0.018], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [OR (95%CI): 0.03 (1.0-1.1), p = 0.049] as factors associated with TAB positivity.
Conclusion

The rate of TAB positivity was 48%. Older age, female gender, the presence of jaw claudication and decreased pulse of TA, high ESR and CRP values are predictive features of TAB positivity and GCA diagnosis.
Preparation and characterization of NextelTM 720/ alumina ceramic composites via the prepreg process
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Bo-xing , Guo Ying , Han Weijian , Zhao Tong , Qiu Wenfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the continuous Nextel™ 720 fiber reinforced alumina ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were prepared by the prepreg process. The alumina matrix derived from aqueous slurry, which consisted of organic glue, alumina sol, nanometer alumina powder and micrometer alumina powder. This combination endowed the ceramic matrix composite with the prepreg processing capability, making the low-cost fabrication of complex shape components possible. The ratio of different alumina sources in aqueous slurry was optimized to offer good sintering activity, high thermal resistance, and excellent mechanical properties simultaneously. Furthermore, the preceramic polymer of mullite was used to strengthen the ceramic matrix through multiple impregnation process. The final CMC sample achieved a high flexural strength of 255 MPa and a good high-temperature stability. The maximum flexural strength of the CMC sample still remained 85% after heat-treatment at 1100 ℃ for 24 h.
High Throughput Printing of Two-Dimensional Materials into Wafer-scale Three-dimensional Architectures
Authors: Wei Xuan , Lin Chia-Ching , Wu Christine , Lu Ang-Yu , Qaiser Nadeem , Cai Yichen , Fu Jui-Han , Chiang Yu-Hsiang , ding lianhui , Ali Ola , Xu Wei , Zhang Wenli , Kong Jing , Chen Han-Yi , Tung Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Architected materials that actively respond to external stimuli hold tantalizing prospects for applications in energy storage, harvesting, wearable electronics and bioengineering. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) which represent the three-atom-thick, two-dimensional (2D) building blocks, are excellent candidates but have found limited success compared to metallic, inorganic, and organic counterparts due to the lack of up-scalable manufacturing. Here we report the high-throughput printing of 2D TMDs into wafer-scale 3D architectures with structural hierarchy across seven orders of magnitude between critical feature sizes. Anode made of 3D MoS2 architectures comprises the concentric vortex-like intricacy that unites technological merits from architecture, mechanical engineering, and electrochemistry not found in its bulk or exfoliated/epitaxy counterparts. The result is, contrary to expectation, the high-rate, high-capacity, and high-loading lithium (Li)-storage, surpassing those state-of-the-art anode designs while the technique offers an evaporation-like simplicity for industrial scalability.
Truncation effect reduction for fast iterative reconstruction in cone-beam CT
Authors: Aootaphao Sorapong , Thongvigitmanee Saowapak , Puttawibul Puttisak , Thajchayapong Pairash 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Iterative reconstruction for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been applied to improve image quality and reduce radiation dose. In a case where an object is larger than a flat panel detector, most CBCT images contain truncated data or incomplete projections, which degrade image quality. In this work, we propose the truncation effect reduction for fast iterative reconstruction in CBCT imaging inside the field of view (FOV).Methods: The volume matrix size of FOV and the height of projection images were extrapolated to a suitable size. These extended projections were reconstructed by fast iterative reconstruction. Moreover, a smoothing parameter for noise regularization in iterative reconstruction was also modified to reduce the accumulated error while processing. The proposed work was evaluated by image quality measurements and compared with the conventional filtered back projection (FBP) method. To validate the proposed method, we used a head phantom for evaluation and tested on real human head data. Results: In the experimental results, the reconstructed images from the head phantom can be enhanced apparently. In addition, fast iteration reconstruction can be run continuously while remaining the consistent mean-percentage-error (MPE) value with a large number of iterations. The CNR of the soft-tissue images was improved by the increased contrast and the decreased noise. Visualization of low contrast in the ventricle and soft-tissue images can be observed much clearer compared to those from FBP using the same effective radiation dose of 5 mGy. Conclusions: Our proposed work has satisfactory performance to reduce the truncation effect, especially inside the FOV with better image quality for soft-tissue imaging. The convergence of fast iterative reconstruction tends to be stable for many iterations.
Study on Ablation Characteristics of Femyosecond Laser Nanoscale Processing for Aluminum Nitride and LeadZirconate Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Ho C. Y. , Zhou Liangliang , Xiong Chang-Wei , Qiao Dongkai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper analytically investigates an ultrashort pulsed laser nanoscale processing for aluminum nitride (AIN) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. Processing characteristics of an ultra-short pulsed laser is different from that of long-pulsed laser due to ultrahigh intensity, ultrahigh power, and ultrashort time. The ultrasmall processing for materials can achieved by an ultra-short pulsed laser. This study proposes a model to analyze an ultrashort pulsed laser nanoscale processing for aluminum nitride (AIN) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. The effects of optical penetration absorption and thermal diffusion on temperature are also discussed. The results reveal that the variation of ablation rate with laser fluences predicted by this work agrees with the available measured data for an ultrashort pulsed laser processing for AIN and PZT. For femtosecond lasers, the optical absorption and thermal diffusion, respectively, governs the ablated depth per pulse at the low and high laser fluences. The thermal diffusion length is small relative to the optical penetration depth for femtosecond laser. The optical penetration absorption governs the temperature in the workpiece. On the other hand, for the picosecond laser, the thermal diffusion length is large compared to the optical penetration depth. The thermal diffusion determines the temperature in the workpiece.
Excitation-power-dependent upconversion luminescence competition in single β-NaYbF4:Er microcrystal pumped at 808 nm
Authors: Yuan Maohui , Yang Zining , Yang Xu , Wang Linxuan , Wang Rui , Lan Sheng , Han Kai , Wang Hongyan , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Controlling the upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity ratio, especially pumped at 808 nm, is of fundamental importance in biological applications due to the water molecules exhibiting low absorption at this excitation wavelength. In this work, a series of β-NaYbF4:Er microrods were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method and their intense green (545 nm) and red (650 nm) UCL were experimentally investigated based on single particle level under the excitation of 808 nm continuous-wave (CW) laser. Interestingly, the competition between the green and red UCL can be observed in highly Yb3+-doped microcrystals as the excitation intensity gradually increases, which leads to the UCL color changes from green to orange. However, the microcrystals doped with low Yb3+ concentration keep green color which is independent on the excitation power. Further investigations demonstrate that the cross-relaxation (CR) processes between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions result in the UCL competition.
A noble extended stochastic logistic model for cell proliferation with density-dependent parameters
Authors: Roy Trina , Ghosh Sinchan , Saha Bapi , Bhattacharya Sabyasachi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cell proliferation often experiences a density-dependent intrinsic proliferation rate (IPR) and negative feedback from growth-inhibiting molecules in culture media. The lack of flexible models with explanatory parameters fails to capture such a proliferation mechanism. We propose an extended logistic growth law with the density-dependent IPR and additional negative feedback. The extended parameters of the proposed model can be interpreted as density-dependent cell-cell cooperation and negative feedback on cell proliferation. Moreover, we incorporate further density regulation for flexibility in the model through environmental resistance on cells. The proposed growth law has similarities with the strong Allee model and harvesting phenomenon. We also develop the stochastic analog of the deterministic model by representing possible heterogeneity in growth-inhibiting molecules and environmental perturbation of the culture setup as correlated multiplicative and additive noises. The model provides a maximum sustainable stable cell density (MSSCD) and a new fitness measure for proliferative cells. The proposed model shows superiority to the logistic law after fitting to real cell culture datasets. We illustrate both MSSCD and the new cell fitness for a range of parameters. The cell density distributions reveal the chance of overproliferation, underproliferation, or decay for different parameter sets under the deterministic and stochastic setups.
When is preservative-free therapy of glaucoma needed and advisable?
Authors: Malishevskaya T. N. , Petrov S. Yu. , Kosakyan S. M. , Vlasova S. A. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to estimate the demand for preservative-free medical therapy of glaucoma in real clinical practice as part of the analysis of the compliance of specialized medical care of glaucoma patients and the approved clinical guidelines.Material and methods. Head non-staff ophthalmologists in 34 regions of Russia were surveyed to find out the share of patients with a newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma; systemic contraindications; diseases of ocular surface tissues; using combination therapy if monotherapy proves ineffective. Also, we analyzed the current annual need for glaucoma treatment drugs in Russia and estimated the expected need for these drugs.Results. The survey showed that, on average, (1) 64.35 % of glaucoma patients are prescribed monotherapy; (2) in the presence of systemic contraindications, nonselective beta-blockers are avoided in 85 % of cases; (3) ca. 53 % of glaucoma patients require preservative-free therapy; (4) almost 61 % of patients for whom monotherapy proved ineffective are prescribed combination therapy. As shown by calculated annual and projected demand for antiglaucomatous drugs in 2020, the leading position is taken by timolol (43.96 %), followed by dorzolamide (38.04 %), and tafluprost (11.93 %). Diseases of the ocular surface in glaucoma patients with glaucoma averaged 52.6 % in the surveyed regions.Conclusion. The actual demand for preservative-free therapy in clinical practice in the analyzed regions is higher than the annual and predicted need as it is required by about 54% of all patients with glaucoma. Further epidemiological, pharmacological and economic studies of ocular surface disease incidence in patients with glaucoma and of the demand for preservative-free therapy are required in order to solve the issue of drug supply in regions of Russia.