bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic aluminium resistance coupled with foliar magnesium application enhances wheat growth in acidic soil
Authors: Kibria Mohammad Golam , Barton Louise , Rengel Zed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil acidity causes an increase in the solubility of toxic aluminium (Al), inhibiting root growth and limiting plant access to soil water and nutrients. Toxicity of Al decreases growth and development more in Al‐sensitive than Al‐resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Applying magnesium (Mg) may alleviate Al toxicity in acidic soil. It is unclear if growing Al‐resistant wheat, coupled with Mg application, will enhance wheat growth and physiological responses in acidic soil. Wheat was grown in the reconstituted acidic soil profile in a three‐factor glasshouse experiment comprising foliar Mg at [Mg] = 0 and 200 mg L−1 (using magnesium sulfate), wheat genotypes ES8 (Al sensitive) and ET8 (Al resistant), and four soil treatments [non‐amended soil (pH0.1 M CaCl2    4.0); 100% of the recommended lime dose in subsoil to raise pH to 6.0; or 20 mg Mg kg−1 soil to the whole soil profile (as magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride)].RESULTSApplying foliar Mg to Al‐resistant wheat significantly increased shoot dry weight (24%), subsoil root dry weight (12%), subsoil coarse (>0.2 mm in diameter) root length (12%), net photosynthetic rate (28%), and total leaf area (10%) compared with plants not treated with foliar Mg. Combining foliar Mg application with subsoil liming increased the subsoil total root length by 1.3‐fold compared with zero foliar Mg. Without foliar Mg, subsoil liming and soil Mg amendment significantly (by 10%) enhanced shoot growth and total leaf area compared with non‐amended soil.CONCLUSIONGrowing an Al‐resistant genotype coupled with applying Mg foliarly and to soil improved wheat growth in an acidic soil. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Response of area‐ and yield‐scaled N2O emissions from croplands to deep fertilization: a meta‐analysis of soil, climate, and management factors
Authors: Chen Hui , Liao Qingxi , Liao Yitao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrous oxide (N2O) is an important and persistent greenhouse gas making a significant contribution to global climate change. Deep fertilization has been demonstrated to increase crop yield and nutrient use efficiency by decreasing losses of volatilization and surface runoff. However, N2O emissions from croplands induced by deep fertilization are variable and mitigation strategies remain uncertain. This study aimed to (i) quantify the response of area‐scaled (N2O emissions) and yield‐scaled N2O emissions (N2O intensity) from croplands to deep fertilization, and (ii) identify the soil, climate, and management factors that mitigate N2O emissions and N2O intensity under deep fertilization.RESULTSCompared with the control, deep fertilization increased N2O emissions by 18.6% (P < 0.001) but decreased N2O intensity by 20.1% (P = 0.018). By adopting deep fertilization, N2O emissions could be significantly mitigated in rice‐paddies soils (−48.8%), with fertilizer depth > 10 cm (−33.0%), and with fertilizer N amount > 200 kg N ha−1 (−8.2%). N2O intensity following deep fertilization significantly decreased in soils with pH ≤6 (−22.5%), at sites with precipitation of 500–1000 mm (−25.5%), in rice‐paddies soils (−53.0%), with the method of mixed fertilizer in the control (−21.2%), and with fertilizer depth > 10 cm (−33.6%).CONCLUSIONThis study provides a basis for assessing the effect of deep fertilization on N2O emissions and provides potential measures to mitigate N2O emissions associated with deep fertilization practices.
Impacts of climate change on wind erosion in Southern Africa between 1991 and 2015
Authors: Zhao Chaonan , Zhang Hanbing , Wang Man , Jiang Hong , Peng Jian , Wang Yanglin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWind erosion is the main form of soil erosion in arid and semiarid areas. It leads to soil loss and land degradation, which aggravates ecosystem vulnerability and threatens regional sustainable development. Exploring wind erosion and associating driving factors can provide useful information to reduce soil wind erosion and solve corresponding environmental problems. Southern Africa is characterized with severe soil wind erosion, which has brought a series of socioeconomic issues, such as food crises and poverty. This study used meteorological and remote sensing data, and the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model to explore the spatio‐temporal dynamics of soil erosion in Southern Africa from 1991 to 2015. The impact of climate change on soil wind erosion was also analyzed. The results showed that wind erosion fluctuated during the study period, which first showed a downward trend and then stabilized at a relatively low level after 2010. Soil wind erosion across 66.65% of the study area significantly decreased (p < .05) and near‐surface wind speed was the most important influencing factor. The decrease of wind speed can significantly reduce the soil wind erosion across 39.89% of the study area. Temperature and precipitation were significantly related to soil wind erosion over 18.96% and 24.63% of the study area, respectively. Both can indirectly affect soil wind erosion through their impacts on vegetation cover. This study will help decision‐makers to identify high‐risk areas for soil erosion in Southern Africa and to take countermeasures effectively.
BMPR1B gene in brachydactyly type 2–A family with de novo R486W mutation and a disease phenotype
Authors: Bednarek Marcin , Trybus Marek , Kolanowska Monika , Koziej Mateusz , Kiec‐Wilk Beata , Dobosz Artur , Kotlarek‐Łysakowska Marta , Kubiak‐Dydo Anna , Użarowska‐Gąska Ewelina , Staręga‐Rosłan Julia , Gaj Paweł , Górzyńska Izabela , Serwan Katarzyna , Świerniak Michał , Kot Adam , Jażdżewski Krystian , Wójcicka Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrachydactylies are a group of inherited conditions, characterized mainly by the presence of shortened fingers and toes. Based on the patients’ phenotypes, brachydactylies have been subdivided into 10 subtypes. In this study, we have identified a family with two members affected by brachydactyly type A2 (BDA2). BDA2 is caused by mutations in three genes: BMPR1B, BMP2 or GDF5. So far only two studies have reported the BDA2 cases caused by mutations in the BMPR1B gene.MethodsWe employed next‐generation sequencing to identify mutations in culpable genes.Results and ConclusionIn this paper, we report a case of BDA2 resulting from the presence of a heterozygous c.1456C>T, p.Arg486Trp variant in BMPR1B, which was previously associated with BDA2. The next generation sequencing analysis of the patients’ family revealed that the mutation occurred de novo in the proband and was transmitted to his 26‐month‐old son. Although the same variant was confirmed in both patients, their phenotypes were different with more severe manifestation of the disease in the adult.
Development of 19F‐detected 1,1‐ADEQUATE for the characterization of polyfluorinated and perfluorinated compounds
Authors: Raab Jeffrey , Pelmus Marius , Buevich Alexei V. , Reibarkh Mikhail , Tischenko Evgeny , Frey Michael , Williamson R. Thomas , Crouch Ronald C. , Martin Gary E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolyfluorinated and perfluorinated compounds in the environment are a growing health concern. 19F‐detected variants of commonly employed heteronuclear shift correlation experiments such as heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) are available; 19F‐detected experiments that employ carbon–carbon homonuclear coupling, in contrast, have never been reported. Herein, we report the measurement of the 1JCC and nJCC coupling constants of a simple perfluorinated phthalonitrile and the first demonstration of a 19F‐detected 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiment.
Complete Reduction to Amplitude Frequency Table (CRAFT)—A perspective
Authors: Krishnamurthy Krish 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe CRAFT (Complete Reduction to Amplitude Frequency Table) technique, based on Bayesian analysis approach, converts FID and/or interferogram (time domain) to a frequency‐amplitude table (tabular domain) in a robust, automated, and time‐efficient fashion. This mini review/perspective presents an introduction to CRAFT as a processing workflow followed by a discussion of several practical 1D and 2D examples of its applicability and associated benefit. CRAFT provides high quality quantitative results for complex systems without any need for conventional preprocessing steps, such as phase and baseline corrections. Two‐dimensional time domain data are typically truncated, particularly in the evolution dimension, and conventional processing after zero‐filling and t1max‐matched apodization masks potentially available peak resolution. The line broadening introduced by extensive zero‐filling and severe apodization functions leads to the lack of clear resolution of cross peaks. CRAFT decimation of interferograms, on the other hand, requires minimal or no apodization prior to extraction of the NMR parameters and significantly improves the spectral linewidth of the cross peaks along F1 dimension compared to conventional (FT) processing. The tabular representation of the CRAFT2d cross peaks information can be visualized in a variety of frequency domain formats for conventional spectral interpretation as well as quantitative applications. A simple workflow to generate in silico oversampled interferogram (iSOS) is presented, and its potential benefit in CRAFT decimation of highly crowded 2D NMR is demonstrated. This report is meant as a collective thesis to present a potentially new paradigm in data processing that questions the need for hitherto unchallenged preprocessing steps, such as phase and baseline correction in 1D and zero‐fill/severe apodization in 2D.
Dog size and variability in the Late Eneolithic: Drilled teeth from Corded Ware graves in Bohemia
Authors: Kyselý René 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe hundreds of drilled dog teeth—mainly incisors and canines—found as ornaments in the graves of women and children from the Corded Ware culture in Bohemia, Czech Republic, provide a unique opportunity for biometric investigation. Large series of teeth often found in a single burial set enable consideration of variability in intra‐site dog size, which in contrast to many later cultures/periods appears to be surprisingly low, probably due to random inter‐breeding. The dogs in this Late Eneolithic (Copper Age) culture must have been relatively small: Their teeth are comparable with those of present‐day medium‐sized breeds, such as Fox Terrier, Cocker Spaniel and Standard Schnauzer, which are usually 35–50 cm high at the withers. Also discussed here are the placing of Corded Ware dogs in the context of other cultures, possible inter‐grave and inter‐culture differences, and the young age of the dogs whose teeth were used in the ornaments.
Feasibility/acceptability of an acceptance‐based therapy intervention for diverse adolescent girls with overweight/obesity
Authors: Cardel Michelle I. , Lee Alexandra M. , Chi Xiaofei , Newsome Faith , Miller Darci R. , Bernier Angelina , Thompson Lindsay , Gurka Matthew J. , Janicke David M. , Butryn Meghan L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral obesity interventions using an acceptance‐based therapy (ABT) approach have demonstrated efficacy for adults, yet feasibility and acceptability of tailoring an ABT intervention for adolescents remains unknown.ObjectiveThis study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention among diverse adolescent cisgender girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).MethodsAdolescent cisgender girls aged 14–19 with a BMI of ≥85th percentile‐for‐sex‐and‐age were recruited for participation in a single‐arm feasibility study. The primary outcomes were recruitment and retention while the secondary outcome was change in BMI Z‐score over the 6‐month intervention. Exploratory outcomes included obesity‐related factors, health‐related behaviors, and psychological factors.ResultsRecruitment goals were achieved; 13 adolescents (>60% racial/ethnic minorities) participated in the intervention, and 11 completed the intervention (85% retention). In completers (n = 11), a mean decrease in BMI Z‐score of −0.15 (SD = 0.34, Cohen's d = −0.44) was observed. Improvements were also noted for change in percentage of 95th percentile (d = −0.35), percent body fat (d = −0.35), quality of life (d = 0.71), psychological flexibility (d = −0.86), and depression (d = −0.86).ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention tailored for adolescent cisgender girls with OW/OB may be an acceptable treatment that could lead to improvements in BMI Z‐score, obesity‐related measures, and psychological outcomes.
Homogeneous iron‐doped carbon‐nitride‐based organo‐catalysts for sensational photocatalytic performance driven by visible light
Authors: Arif Nayab , Uddin Ikram , Hayat Asif , Khan Wasim Ullah , Ullah Saif , Hussain Majid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, Fe2O3/graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) composites were fabricated using a simple calcination method. Iron chloride and urea were used as starting precursors for preparation of heterojunction composites (Fe2O3/g‐CN) by a quick stirring and calcination method. A sequence of Fe2O3/g‐CN composites were obtained by putting a specific amount of Fe2O3 on the surface of g‐CN at varied temperature (400, 450 and 500 °C). We accomplished a combined analysis using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), elemental analysis spectra (EAS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (Pl) of resulting samples. Our findings demonstrate that Fe/CNx composites demonstrating a significant improvement in the separation of photogenerated carriers and hole formation, leading towards momentous photocatalytic activity. For the first time, the as‐synthesized composites were used for hydrogen production (water reduction) and methylene blue photodegradation under visible light illumination (λ = 420 nm). The superior sample Fe/CN450 exhibits an exceptional photocatalytic efficiency in both electron generation (hydrogen evolution rate) and hole formation (photodegradation) with a rate of 91.1% at 180 min. Along with this, Fe/CN450 has excellent photochemical stability in hydrogen evolution and pollutant removal. The potential photocatalytic mechanism of Fe/CN450 composite is compared with experimental results to characterize the photocatalytic phenomenon as a whole. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological features, gene expression profile, and mechanisms of drug resistance of two‐ and three‐dimensional hepatocellular carcinoma cell cultures
Authors: Mei Nan , Zhao Ni , Tian Tao , Jiao Min , Li Chunli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with insidious onset and rapid progression. Its treatment is often difficult owing to tumor resistance. In this study, we aimed to understand the different biological characteristics, gene expression profiles, and drug resistance mechanisms of HCC cells cultured under different conditions. A conventional adherence method and a liquid overlay technique were used to prepare two‐ and three‐dimensional cultures of Bel‐7402 and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu)‐resistant Bel‐7402 (Bel‐7402/5‐Fu) cells. Morphological characteristics were assessed via microscopy, and cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were obtained using flow cytometry. Cell sensitivity to different concentrations of drugs was detected with 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Gene expression profiles and signal transduction pathways of Bel‐7402 and Bel‐7402/5‐Fu cells under different culture conditions were determined using gene chips. Cells in three‐dimensional culture were suspended and they grew into dense multicellular spheroid (MCS) structures, aggregating with each other. In contrast to cells in the two‐dimensional culture, cell cycle arrest was observed in MCSs. The sensitivity of Bel‐7402 cells in the two‐dimensional culture to drugs at high concentrations was significantly higher than that of cells in the three‐dimensional culture (p < .05). The apoptotic rate of Bel‐7402 and Bel‐7402/5‐Fu cells was also higher in the two‐dimensional culture (p < .05). Signal transduction pathway analysis showed that after Bel‐7402 cells acquired resistance to 5‐Fu, CCND1, MCM2, and MCM3 gene expression was upregulated in the G1 to S cell cycle control signal transduction pathway, CDKN1C and CCNG2 gene expression was downregulated, and MCM2 and MCM3 gene expression was upregulated in the DNA replication signal transduction pathway. Therefore, the liquid overlay technique is a simple, low‐cost procedure to successfully construct three‐dimensional culture models of HCC. This study provides new information and methods for exploring the molecular mechanisms of liver cancer resistance, clinical treatment, development of molecular information, and interventional prevention.
Crop protection compounds – trends and perspective
Authors: Sparks Thomas C , Bryant Robert J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Industry responsible for the discovery and development of crop protection compounds has undergone dramatic changes and increasing consolidation since the initial innovations in synthetic organic fungicides, herbicides and insecticides in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Likewise, there have been striking changes in the rate of introduction of new crop protection compounds over the past 70 years. While numerous studies over the past five decades have signaled the ongoing decline in the numbers of new active ingredients (AIs), a detailed analysis of the trends in the rate of introduction of crop protection compounds shows a more complex pattern in the overall output of new AIs. The recent (post‐2000) decline in the numbers of new herbicides is the primary source of the perceived decline in overall numbers. When herbicides are excluded, the output of new fungicides and insecticides has been relatively constant, especially for the past 20 years. A notable observation is that innovation, as measured by the number of compounds representing a new chemical class (First‐in‐Class) has been relatively constant for the past 70 years, and most recently has been driven by the appearance of new fungicides and insecticides. Thus, the discovery and development of new AIs for crop protection and public health continues, in spite of the many challenges and changes to the Industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Innovators' gains from incumbents' exit options in R&D alliances: A reconciliation of real options and transaction costs logics
Authors: Özdemir Mahmut N. , van den Ende Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch summaryThe transaction costs logic suggests that innovators cannot gain value from incumbents' unconditional termination rights in their R&D alliances with them because incumbents use these rights either to protect their own interests or as bargaining chips ex post. By contrast, the real options logic suggests that innovators can gain value from these rights because they provide them with an opportunity to release their resources from their troubled alliances. We reconcile the two logics by showing that incumbents' unconditional termination rights are their exit options in their R&D alliances and they are value‐enhancing for innovators; yet, innovators' gains from them depend on the likelihood of their opportunistic uses by incumbents at their exercises. The tests in the biopharmaceutical R&D alliances setting support our hypotheses.Managerial summaryIncumbents form R&D alliances with innovators to explore new technologies and innovators join these alliances to commercialize their technologies. Yet, innovators typically possess alternative commercialization options activated once their alliances are terminated. In such R&D intensive alliances, granting unconditional termination rights to incumbents help innovators gain value from their R&D alliances. This is because incumbents' unconditional termination rights operate as their exit options and they enable easy and timely terminations of R&D alliances. This, in turn, allows innovators not to persist in troubled R&D alliances and to begin with exploring alternative commercialization options. However, the likelihood of opportunism at exit option exercises matters. The innovators' gains from exit options are likely to be higher as partner‐specific alliance experience increases because the joint history mitigates opportunism.
Facile Synthesis of BiOCl Nanoflakes with Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chen Ying , Xin Yanmei , Yao Congfei , Miao Yuqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiOCl has been identified to be a promising semiconductor material with exceptional performance for photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this work, a feasible strategy to synthesize octagon‐like BiOCl nanoflakes (G‐BiOCl NFs) with novel morphology was developed by one‐step solvothermal reaction in ethylene glycol/water solution with the addition of glutamate acid. The obtained G‐BiOCl NFs with large surface areas and negatively charged surfaces possessed excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic pollutant Rhodamine B (RhB). RhB was almost completely degraded in only 4 mins under ultraviolet−visible light irradiation. It was confirmed that the holes and .O2− played crucial roles in the RhB photocatalytic degradation process. This work provided a new strategy for the preparation of efficient photocatalysts.
In Silico and Biological Evaluation of N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl) Substituted Pyrazoles Accessed via a Sonochemical Method
Authors: Venkata Basaveswara Rao Mandava , Veera Durga Rao Bodapati , Vijaya Vardhini Suryadevara , Nagendra Kumar A. V. D. , Rao Gorja Dhilli , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Pal Manojit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn view of remarkable biological properties including anticancer activities of N‐aryl pyrazoles we have explored N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl) substituted pyrazoles and related derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents. In silico methods were adopted to understand/predict the biochemical and physiological effects, toxicity, and biological profiles of these compounds thereby assessing the potential drug‐likeness of the hit molecule. The target compounds were conveniently prepared via a sonochemical method involving the C−N bond forming reactions in the presence of CuI in DMSO. A library of N‐aryl pyrazole derivatives were synthesized via coupling of iodoarenes with pyrazole whereas the use of other N‐heteroarene such as imidazole and pyrrole in place of pyrazole afforded the corresponding product. The in vitro evaluation of all these compounds was carried out against MDAMB‐231 and MCF‐7 cell lines and subsequently against SIRT1. The pyrazole derivative 3 c showed encouraging growth inhibition of both MDAMB‐231 and MCF‐7 cell lines (59 and 48 % at 10 μM, respectively) and inhibition of SIRT1 (IC50 ∼ 6.21±0.42 μM) in vitro. The molecular docking studies suggested H‐bonding (involving OMe group), Van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions of 3 c with important amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of SIRT1. Overall, cell‐based as well as enzyme assay, molecular modelling, in silico ADME/TOX prediction and in vitro stability studies suggested 3 c as a potential hit molecule.