bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of extended dual antiplatelet therapy on long‐term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome complicated with anemia: A sub‐analysis of the real‐world OPT‐CAD study
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Jing , Ma Sicong , Jiang Zaixin , Li Zhiguo , Wang Xiaozeng , Han Yaling , Li Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of extended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 12 months on long‐term prognosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients complicated with anemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundAnemia is frequent among ACS patients and is associated with increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsA total of 6,953 patients were enrolled from the Optimal anti Platelet Therapy for Chinese patients with Coronary Artery Disease (OPT‐CAD) study. A landmark analysis comparing extended DAPT versus single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) at 12–24 months were performed in anemia patients without premature discontinuation of DAPT before 9 months and major clinical adverse events within 12 months. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke.ResultsPatients with anemia (n = 1,728) had higher rates of MACCE, all‐cause mortality, and BARC type 2, 3, 5 bleeding (p < .05) compared to those without anemia (n = 5,225). Anemia patients received extended DAPT (n = 1,010) were associated with a lower risk of stroke (0.3% vs. 1.8%; HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03–0.71; p = .018) compared to those received SAPT (n = 342). The rates of MACCE and all revascularization were lower in patients with extended DAPT, but the differences were not statistically significant. Risk of all‐cause mortality and bleeding were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionsExtended DAPT beyond 12 months may reduce the incidence of stroke without increasing the risk of bleeding in anemic ACS patients who tolerate 12‐month DAPT.
Readmission following urgent transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus urgent balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with decompensated heart failure or cardiogenic shock
Authors: Chakraborty Sandipan , Patel Neelkumar , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Hajra Adrija , Amgai Birendra , Zaid Syed , Sharedalal Parija , Ahmad Hasan , Cohen Martin B. , Abbott J. Dawn , Naidu Srihari S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrgent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a feasible option for aortic stenosis (AS) patients with decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock (CS) as compared to the more traditional urgent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV).ObjectivesWe conducted a retrospective analysis to compare risk and cause of readmission in these two high‐risk groups.MethodsNationwide Readmission Database (NRD) 2011–2014 was retrospectively analyzed to identify patients with AS having either urgent TAVI or urgent BAV using appropriate ICD‐9 codes. Propensity scores were used to match patients with urgent TAVI as compared to patients with urgent BAV. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata 15.1 software.ResultsWe identified a weighted sample of 6,670 patients with urgent BAV and 6,964 patients with urgent TAVI. The all‐cause 30‐ and 90‐day readmission was lower in the urgent TAVI group compared to urgent BAV (15.4 vs. 22.5%, (aHR): 0.92 [0.90–0.95] p < .001). 30‐day readmission due to CV cause and HF was also lower in the urgent TAVI group (aHR, 0.93: p < .001 and aHR, 0.98: p = .040, respectively). The 30‐day gastrointestinal (GI) bleed readmission rate was three times higher in urgent TAVI group (aHR, 3.00:95% CI (1.23–7.33), p = .016), but was not statistically significant at 90‐days. Cardiac causes of readmission were the predominant cause of readmission in both groups, but more pronounced in urgent BAV group (60.3 vs. 40.5%, p < .001).ConclusionUrgent TAVI appears beneficial in patients with AS and decompensated HF or CS driven by roughly 10 and 25% reductions in overall readmissions at 30 and 90 days, and marked reductions in reintervention, although offset partially by higher risk of readmission due to GI bleeding at 30 days.
Influence of temperature on storage characteristics of different rice varieties
Authors: Zhao Qingyu , Guo Hui , Hou Dianzhi , Laraib Yousaf , Xue Yong , Shen Qun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn order to study the influence of temperature on storage characteristics of different rice varieties, the physicochemical properties, microstructure morphology, and aroma were investigated at 300d of storage at 15℃, room temperature (20–25 ℃), and 37℃.FindingsHigh temperature can promote the hydrolysis of fat, inhibit the catalase activity, and cause rough surface of rice endosperm during storage, resulting in increased fatty acids and lipid oxidation. The safe storage days of rice may be 300d, 180d, and 120d at 15℃, room temperature (20–25℃), and 37℃, respectively. It was found that the content of lipid oxidation products, especially octanal, 1‐octanol, cyclohexanone monomer, and cyclohexanone dimer, increased using headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS). In addition, the increase of sulfide, and the decrease of ethyl acetate and 1‐hexanol also promoted the deterioration of rice quality.ConclusionsDifferent storage conditions, especially under high‐temperature storage, can accelerate the deterioration of rice quality.Significance and noveltyHigh temperature can accelerate the rancidity of lipids of stored rice, and HS‐GC‐IMS is a useful tool to identify flavor changes in rice samples under different storage conditions.
Effect of Ligand Polarity on the Internal Dipoles and Ferroelectric Distortion in BaTiO3 Nanocubes
Authors: Jiang Bo , Usher Tedi‐Marie , Jothi Palani Raja , Kavey Benard , Caruntu Gabriel , Page Katharine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurface adsorbates and surrounding matrix species have been demonstrated to affect the properties of nanoscale ferroelectrics and nanoscale ferroelectric composites; potentially counteracting performance losses that can occur in small particle sizes. In this work, the effects of nonpolar oleic acid (OA) and polar tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) ligand capping on the surface of various sizes of BaTiO3 nanocubes have been investigated with combined neutron diffraction and neutron pair distribution function (PDF), density functional theory (DFT), and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) methods. The low real space PDF region provides an unobstructed view of rhombohedral (split short and long) Ti−O distances in BaTiO3 nanocubes, mimicking the well‐established order‐disorder local structure found in bulk BaTiO3. Interestingly, the intermediate‐range order in nanocubes is found to be orthorhombic, rather than tetragonal. It is concluded that polar ligands adsorbed at BaTiO3 surfaces stabilize the correlation length scale of local rhombohedral distortions in ferroelectric nanoparticles relative to nonpolar ligands.
De novo acute myeloid leukemia: A population‐based study of outcome in the United States based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 1980 to 2017
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan M. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Short Nicholas J. , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSeveral important treatment and supportive care strategies have been implemented over the past 4 decades in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsThe authors identified 29,107 patients who were diagnosed with de novo AML between 1980 and 2017 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients were categorized into 5 age groups (ages birth to 14, 15‐39, 40‐59, 60‐69, and ≥70 years) and 4 calendar periods (1980‐1989, 1990‐1999, 2000‐2009, and 2010‐2017). The outcomes of patients who had AML within these categories were analyzed.ResultsThe overall 5‐year survival rates in patients with AML were 9%, 15%, 22%, and 28% in the decades 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, 2000 to 2009, and 2010 to 2017, respectively. Among patients aged 15 to 39 years, the 5‐year survival rates were 24%, 41%, 52%, and 63%, respectively; among those aged ≥70 years, the 5‐year survival rates were 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. Four‐week mortality was surprising high among adults and older patients (range, 20%‐45%), even in modern times. Overall, survival continued to improve over the calendar periods and was best in the period from 2010 to 2017. Survival improvement was noticeable across all age groups except patients aged ≥70 years, in whom the estimated 5‐year survival rate remained 5% even during the period from 2010 to 2017.ConclusionsThe outcomes of patients with AML showed incremental improvement over time in a population‐based study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. The introduction since 2017 of targeted therapies among older patients and optimizations in supportive care hopefully will continue to improve outcomes in AML, particularly among older patients.
Genomic heterogeneity and copy number variant burden are associated with poor recurrence‐free survival and 11q loss in human papillomavirus‐positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Authors: Schrank Travis P. , Lenze Nicholas , Landess Lee P. , Hoyle Alan , Parker Joel , Lal Asim , Sheth Siddharth , Chera Bhishamjit S. , Patel Samip N. , Hackman Trevor G. , Major M. Ben , Issaeva Natalia , Yarbrough Wendell G. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) is the most prevalent HPV‐associated malignancy in the United States. Favorable treatment outcomes have led to increased interest in treatment de‐escalation to reduce treatment morbidity as well as the development of prognostic markers to identify appropriately low‐risk patients. Intratumoral genomic heterogeneity and copy number alteration burden have been demonstrated to be predictive of poor outcomes in many other cancers; therefore, we sought to determine whether intratumor heterogeneity and genomic instability are associated with poor outcomes in HPV+ OPSCC.MethodsTumor heterogeneity estimates were made based on targeted exome sequencing of 45 patients with HPV+ OPSCC tumors. Analysis of an additional cohort of HPV+ OPSCC tumors lacking matched normal sequencing allowed copy number analysis of 99 patient tumors.ResultsHigh intratumorally genomic heterogeneity and high numbers of copy number alterations were strongly associated with worse recurrence‐free survival. Tumors with higher heterogeneity and frequent copy number alterations were associated with loss of distal 11q, which encodes key genes related to double‐strand break repair, including ATM and MRE11A.ConclusionsBoth intratumor genomic heterogeneity and high‐burden copy number alterations are strongly associated with poor recurrence‐free survival in patients with HPV+ OPSCC. The drivers of genomic instability and heterogeneity in these tumors remains to be elucidated. However, 11q loss and defective DNA double‐strand break repair have been associated with genomic instability in other solid tumors. Copy number alteration burden and intratumoral heterogeneity represent promising avenues for risk stratification of patients with HPV+OPSCC.
An Assessment of Radial Potential Functions for the Halogen Bond: Pseudo‐Diatomic Models for Axially Symmetric Complexes B⋅⋅⋅ClF (B=N2, CO, PH3, HCN, and NH3)
Authors: Legon Anthony C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe radial potential energy is calculated ab initio at the explicitly correlated level of theory CCSD(T)(F12c)/cc‐pVTZ‐F12 for the five axially symmetric, halogen‐bonded complexes B⋅⋅⋅ClF (B=N2, CO, PH3, HCN, and NH3) as a function of the intermolecular distance r. The PE curves are fitted by the Hulburt‐Hirschfelder analytical function under the assumption of a pseudo‐diatomic model. The spectroscopic constants
and
, and
of the intermolecular stretching mode
are calculated by two closely related approaches. The first involves derivatives of a polynomial fitted to the ab initio calculated points near to re and evaluated at r=re. The second uses the constants of the fitted H−H function. Both procedures are tested on 35ClF by fitting (a) its RKR‐type function and (b) the CCSD(T)(F12c)/cc‐pVTZ‐F12 version. The complexes OC⋅⋅⋅ClF and H3P⋅⋅⋅ClF behave differently from the other three. A point of inflection/secondary minimum with a shortened r(C⋅⋅⋅Cl) and an increased r(Cl−F) detected for B=CO, suggests a second isomer with a significant contribution from the valence‐bond structure OC+Cl⋅⋅⋅F−. The shape of the ab initio calculated function for H3P⋅⋅⋅ClF is different from those involving B=N2, HCN, or NH3, a difference attributed to H3PCl+⋅⋅⋅F−character. The ab initio generated curve for H3P⋅⋅⋅ClF is, nevertheless, satisfactorily fitted by the three‐parameter H−H function.
Phenotypic and Functional Study of Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Li Guangming , Cheng Liang , Su Lishan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a distinct lineage of bone‐marrow‐derived cells that reside mainly in blood and lymphoid organs in the steady state but are also present in sites of infection, inflammation, and cancer. The protocols in this article describes (1) detection and quantification of human pDCs in peripheral blood; (2) isolation of human pDCs by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS); (3) evaluation of human pDC function by stimulation with TLR7 or TLR9 agonists; (4) detection of human pDCs in lymphoid tissues of humanized mice (hu‐mice) by flow cytometry; (5) functional study of human pDC in hu‐mice in vivo; and (6) specific depletion of human pDCs in vivo in hu‐mice using monoclonal antibody targeting human pDCs. These assays thus provide comprehensive methods for phenotypic and functional studies in vitro and for the investigation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells in hu‐mice in vivo. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 27 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Analysis of pDCs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsBasic Protocol 2: pDC separation using MACS beadsAlternate Protocol 1: pDC sorting using flow cytometerBasic Protocol 3: Evaluation of human pDC function by stimulation with TLR agonists in vitroAlternate Protocol 2: Intracellular staining of cytokines in pDCsBasic Protocol 4: Phenotypic analysis of human pDCs from lymphoid organs in humanized miceBasic Protocol 5: Functional study of human pDCs in humanized mice during HIV infectionBasic Protocol 6: pDC depletion and assessment of pDC depletion in acute HIV‐infected in humanized mice
Polydimethylsiloxane‐based capacitive motion sensor and its read‐out circuit
Authors: Yildirim Omer , Bozyel Ibrahim , Saka Kubra , Kayikcioglu Temel , Gokcen Dincer 
Published: April 2021

SummaryA capacitive motion sensor that can detect human walking and motions up to a certain distance was designed using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the primary sensor material. A read‐out circuit was designed to detect capacitive coupling with the sensor material caused by the motion in the surrounding. The read‐out circuit consists of sensing, filtering, and amplifying stages. A high‐pass filter was used to avoid DC components, and to eliminate adverse impacts of 50Hz noise in the sensing signal, a sixth‐order low‐pass filter consisting of active Sallen–Key and passive RC filters was utilized. The signals obtained from the complete read‐out circuit revealed that the sensor system could accurately detect human movements up to 2 m away. Also, different signal patterns were obtained from the output of the sensor system for various human motions.
Preclinical development of a molecular clamp‐stabilised subunit vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Watterson Daniel , Wijesundara Danushka K , Modhiran Naphak , Mordant Francesca L , Li Zheyi , Avumegah Michael S , McMillan Christopher LD , Lackenby Julia , Guilfoyle Kate , van Amerongen Geert , Stittelaar Koert , Cheung Stacey TM , Bibby Summa , Daleris Mallory , Hoger Kym , Gillard Marianne , Radunz Eve , Jones Martina L , Hughes Karen , Hughes Ben , Goh Justin , Edwards David , Scoble Judith , Pearce Lesley , Kowalczyk Lukasz , Phan Tram , La Mylinh , Lu Louis , Pham Tam , Zhou Qi , Brockman David A , Morgan Sherry J , Lau Cora , Tran Mai H , Tapley Peter , Villalón‐Letelier Fernando , Barnes James , Young Andrew , Jaberolansar Noushin , Scott Connor AP , Isaacs Ariel , Amarilla Alberto A , Khromykh Alexander A , van den Brand Judith MA , Reading Patrick C , Ranasinghe Charani , Subbarao Kanta , Munro Trent P , Young Paul R , Chappell Keith J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesEfforts to develop and deploy effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continue at pace. Here, we describe rational antigen design through to manufacturability and vaccine efficacy of a prefusion‐stabilised spike (S) protein, Sclamp, in combination with the licensed adjuvant MF59 ‘MF59C.1’ (Seqirus, Parkville, Australia).MethodsA panel recombinant Sclamp proteins were produced in Chinese hamster ovary and screened in vitro to select a lead vaccine candidate. The structure of this antigen was determined by cryo‐electron microscopy and assessed in mouse immunogenicity studies, hamster challenge studies and safety and toxicology studies in rat.ResultsIn mice, the Sclamp vaccine elicits high levels of neutralising antibodies, as well as broadly reactive and polyfunctional S‐specific CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in vivo. In the Syrian hamster challenge model (n = 70), vaccination results in reduced viral load within the lung, protection from pulmonary disease and decreased viral shedding in daily throat swabs which correlated strongly with the neutralising antibody level.ConclusionThe SARS‐CoV‐2 Sclamp vaccine candidate is compatible with large‐scale commercial manufacture, stable at 2–8°C. When formulated with MF59 adjuvant, it elicits neutralising antibodies and T‐cell responses and provides protection in animal challenge models.
An endangered flightless grasshopper with strong genetic structure maintains population genetic variation despite extensive habitat loss
Authors: Hoffmann Ary A. , White Vanessa L. , Jasper Moshe , Yagui Hiromi , Sinclair Steve J. , Kearney Michael R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConservation research is dominated by vertebrate examples but the shorter generation times and high local population sizes of invertebrates may lead to very different management strategies, particularly for species with low movement rates. Here we investigate the genetic structure of an endangered flightless grasshopper, Keyacris scurra, which was used in classical evolutionary studies in the 1960s. It had a wide distribution across New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria in pre‐European times but has now become threatened because of land clearing for agriculture and other activities. We revisited remnant sites of K. scurra, with populations now restricted to only one area in Victoria and a few small patches in NSW and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Using DArtseq to generate SNP markers as well as mtDNA sequence data, we show that the remaining Victorian populations in an isolated valley are genetically distinct from the NSW populations and that all populations tend to be genetically unique, with large FST values up to 0.8 being detected for the SNP datasets. We also find that, with one notable exception, the NSW/ACT populations separate genetically into previously described chromosomal races (2n = 15 vs. 2n = 17). Isolation by distance was detected across both the SNP and mtDNA datasets, and there was substantial differentiation within chromosomal races. Genetic diversity as measured by heterozygosity was not correlated with the size of remaining habitat where the populations were found, with high variation present in some remnant cemetery sites. However, inbreeding correlated negatively with estimated habitat size at 25–500 m patch radius. These findings emphasize the importance of small habitat areas in conserving genetic variation in such species with low mobility, and they highlight populations suitable for future translocation efforts.
The efficacy of DNA barcoding in the classification, genetic differentiation, and biodiversity assessment of benthic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Ge Yihao , Xia Chengxing , Wang Jun , Zhang Xiujie , Ma Xufa , Zhou Qiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMacroinvertebrates have been recognized as key ecological indicators of aquatic environment and are the most commonly used approaches for water quality assessment. However, species identification of macroinvertebrates (especially of aquatic insects) proves to be very difficult due to the lack of taxonomic expertise in some regions and can become time‐consuming. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of DNA barcoding for the classification of benthic macroinvertebrates and investigated the genetic differentiation in seven orders (Insecta: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Odonata) from four large transboundary rivers of northwest China and further explored its potential application to biodiversity assessment. A total of 1,144 COI sequences, belonging to 176 species, 112 genera, and 53 families were obtained and analyzed. The barcoding gap analysis showed that COI gene fragment yielded significant intra‐ and interspecific divergences and obvious barcoding gaps. NJ phylogenetic trees showed that all species group into monophyletic species clusters whether from the same population or not, except two species (Polypedilum. laetumandPolypedilum. bullum). The distance‐based (ABGD) and tree‐based (PTP and MPTP) methods were utilized for grouping specimens into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and delimiting species. The ABGD, PTP, and MPTP analysis were divided into 177 (p = .0599), 197, and 195 OTUs, respectively. The BIN analysis generated 186 different BINs. Overall, our study showed that DNA barcoding offers an effective framework for macroinvertebrate species identification and sheds new light on the biodiversity assessment of local macroinvertebrates. Also, the construction of DNA barcode reference library of benthic macroinvertebrates in Eurasian transboundary rivers provides a solid backup for bioassessment studies of freshwater habitats using modern high‐throughput technologies in the near future.