bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkali Ions Pre‐Intercalated Layered MnO2 Nanosheet for Zinc‐Ions Storage
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Wu Yih‐Chyng , Huang Liang , Liu Kaisi , Duployer Benjamin , Rozier Patrick , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Simon Patrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries in mild acidic electrolytes have attracted considerable research interest as a result of their high sustainability, safety, and low cost. However, the use of conventional Zn‐ion storage materials is hindered by insufficient specific capacity, sluggish reaction kinetics, or poor cycle life. Here, these limitations are addressed by pre‐intercalating alkali ions and water crystals into layered δ‐MnO2 (birnessite) to prepare K0.27MnO2·0.54H2O (KMO) and Na0.55Mn2O4·1.5H2O with ultrathin nanosheet morphology via a rapid molten salt method. In these materials, alkali ions and water crystals act as pillars to stabilize the layered structures, which can enable rapid diffusion of cations in the KMO structure, resulting in high power capability (90 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and good cycling stability. Furthermore, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements shed light on the charge storage mechanism of KMO in an aqueous Zn‐ion battery which, combined together with in‐operando X‐ray diffraction techniques, suggests that the charge storage process is dominated by the (de)intercalation of H3O+ with further dissolution–precipitation of Zn4(OH)6(SO4)·5H2O solid product on the KMO surface during cycling.
Enhancing Output Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Charge Clamping
Authors: Wang Jianlong , Yu Xin , Zhao Da , Yu Yang , Gao Qi , Cheng Tinghai , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a microenergy harvesting device, the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has long been limited by their surface charges. In this work, an enhancement of the output performance of TENGs via charge clamping (CC‐TENG) is proposed. The device is comprised of a mechanical‐switch direct‐current TENG (MDC‐TENG), charge clamping module (CCM), and main‐TENG. During operation, the CCM is employed to accumulate and clamp the unidirectional charge generated by the MDC‐TENG. And then, the accumulated charges flow between CCM and main‐TENG. With the increase of transferred charges, the output performance can be effectively improved. In addition, the MDC‐TENG is employed to reduce both power dissipation and circuit complexity. Furthermore, an integrated device based on the CC‐TENG is demonstrated which harvests wind energy and attains a charge output of 1.01 µC. Moreover, a multimode coupling is adopted, that is, an alternating‐current TENG operating in contact‐separation mode and a direct‐current TENG operating in a lateral‐sliding mode that can be employed in environments for which multiple motions coexist. The device provides a reference to improve output performance in the context of wind energy capture.
The Emergency Medicine Milestones 2.0: Setting the stage for 2025 and beyond
Authors: Cooney Robert R. , Murano Tiffany , Ring Hope , Starr Ryan , Beeson Michael S. , Edgar Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionBeginning in 1999, residents in emergency medicine have been expected to demonstrate competence in the six Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies. Expectations were further refined and clarified through the introduction of the Milestones in 2013. Emerging research and data from milestone reporting has illustrated the need for modification of the original milestones. Against this backdrop, the ACGME convened a committee to review and revise the original milestones.MethodsThe working group was convened in December 2018 and consisted of representatives from the American Board of Emergency Medicine, American Osteopathic Association, Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges, ACGME‐Emergency Medicine Review Committee, three community members, a resident member, and a public member. This group also included members from both academic and community emergency medicine programs. The group was overseen by the ACGME vice president for milestones development and met in person one time followed by four virtual sessions to revise and draft the Emergency Medicine Milestones and Supplemental Guide as part of the ACGME Milestones 2.0 Project.ResultsUsing data from milestones reporting, needs assessment data, stakeholder interviews, and community commentary, the working group engaged in revisions and updates for the Emergency Medicine Milestones and created a supplemental guide to aid programs in the design of programmatic assessment for the milestones.ConclusionThe Emergency Medicine Milestones 2.0 provide updated specialty‐specific, competency‐based behavioral anchors to guide the assessment of residents, the design of curricula, and the advancement of emergency medicine training programs.
Investigation of cool‐season species, seeding rate, and nitrogen fertilization in sod production: II. Management and shelf‐life
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Watkins Eric , Hollman Andrew B. , Mihelich Nicole T. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch is required on sod to explore the differences in management and postharvest practices to help inform sod producers and reduce information inefficiencies that affect the supply and demand of cool‐season turfgrass sod. Replicated field experiments were conducted in Indiana and Minnesota to quantify the effect of turfgrass species (strong creeping red fescue [Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin], Chewings fescue [F. rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin], tall fescue [F. arundinacea Schreb.], and Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis L.]), seeding rate (1, 2, and 3 pure live seed (PLS) cm−2), and N fertilization (98, 196, and 294 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on growth rate and shelf‐life storage. Turf height measurements occurred at multiple timings to calculate growth rates of treatments. Sod was harvested in the spring and autumn and stored on pallets for either 24 or 72 h and then reinstalled in its previous location and treatment effects were assessed. Seeding rate had no effect on growth rate or transplant success of sod. Differences in growth rates demonstrate potential savings for sod growers through less mowing requirement when producing fine fescue sod. Treatments did not influence internal heating of sod rolls, which were higher than, but similar to, diurnal fluctuations of air temperatures. There were minimal differences among turfgrass species and N rates, which indicates strong creeping red fescue, Chewings fescue, tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass sod stored for 24–72 h after a spring or autumn harvest in Indiana or Minnesota will not hinder transplant success.
Using target sequence capture to improve the phylogenetic resolution of a rapid radiation in New Zealand Veronica
Authors: Thomas Anne E. , Igea Javier , Meudt Heidi M. , Albach Dirk C. , Lee William G. , Tanentzap Andrew J. 
Published: June 2021

PREMISERecent, rapid radiations present a challenge for phylogenetic reconstruction. Fast successive speciation events typically lead to low sequence divergence and poorly resolved relationships with standard phylogenetic markers. Target sequence capture of many independent nuclear loci has the potential to improve phylogenetic resolution for rapid radiations.METHODSHere we applied target sequence capture with 353 protein‐coding genes (Angiosperms353 bait kit) to Veronica sect. Hebe (common name hebe) to determine its utility for improving the phylogenetic resolution of rapid radiations. Veronica section Hebe originated 5–10 million years ago in New Zealand, forming a monophyletic radiation of ca 130 extant species.RESULTSWe obtained approximately 150 kbp of 353 protein‐coding exons and an additional 200 kbp of flanking noncoding sequences for each of 77 hebe and two outgroup species. When comparing coding, noncoding, and combined data sets, we found that the latter provided the best overall phylogenetic resolution. While some deep nodes in the radiation remained unresolved, our phylogeny provided broad and often improved support for subclades identified by both morphology and standard markers in previous studies. Gene‐tree discordance was nonetheless widespread, indicating that additional methods are needed to disentangle fully the history of the radiation.CONCLUSIONSPhylogenomic target capture data sets both increase phylogenetic signal and deliver new insights into the complex evolutionary history of rapid radiations as compared with traditional markers. Improving methods to resolve remaining discordance among loci from target sequence capture is now important to facilitate the further study of rapid radiations.
No impact of developmental conditions on serum estradiol levels among Bangladeshi women in the UK and Bangladesh
Authors: Chaney Carlye , Begum Khurshida , Núñez‐de la Mora Alejandra , Sievert Lynnette L. , Muttukrishna Shanthi , Harries Victoria , Sharmeen Taniya , Murphy Lorna , Gunu Richard , Chowdhury Osul , Bentley Gillian R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile many aspects of female ovarian function respond to environmental stressors, estradiol (E2) appears less sensitive to stressors than progesterone, except under extreme ecological conditions. However, earlier studies relied on saliva samples, considered less sensitive than blood. Here, we investigated E2 variation among 177 Bangladeshi and UK white women, aged 35–59, using single serum samples. Bangladeshi women either grew up in Sylhet, Bangladesh (exposed to poor sanitation, limited health care, and higher pathogen loads but not poor energy availability), or in the UK.MethodsWe collected samples on days 4–6 of the menstrual cycle in menstruating women and on any day for post‐menopausal women. Participants included: (i) Bangladeshi sedentees (n = 36), (ii) Bangladeshis who migrated to the UK as adults (n = 52), (iii) Bangladeshis who migrated as children (n = 40), and (iv) UK white women matched for neighborhood residence to the migrants (n = 49). Serum was obtained by venipuncture and analyzed using electrochemiluminescence. We collected anthropometrics and supplementary sociodemographic and reproductive data through questionnaires. We analyzed the data using multivariate regression.ResultsE2 levels did not differ between migrant groups after controlling for age, BMI, physical activity, psychosocial stress, parity, and time since last birth (parous women). Paralleling results from salivary E2, serum E2 did not differ among women who experienced varying developmental conditions.ConclusionOur results reinforce the hypothesis that E2 levels are stable under challenging environmental conditions. Interpopulation variation may only arise under chronic conditions of extreme nutritional scarcity, energy expenditure, and/or high disease burdens.
Suicidal ideation and planning among Mexican adolescents are associated with depression polygenic risk scores
Authors: Martinez‐Levy Gabriela A. , Campos Adrian I. , Rabinowitz Jill A. , García‐Marín Luis M. , Benjet Corina , Méndez Enrique , Rentería Miguel E. , Cruz‐Fuentes Carlos S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuicide is a major public health problem in Mexico and around the world. Genetic predisposition for major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with increased risk for suicidal behaviors (SB) in populations of European ancestry (EA). Here, we examine whether MDD polygenic risk scores (MDD PRS), derived from a genome‐wide association study involving EA individuals, predict SB, including ideation, planning, and attempt, among Mexican youth using a longitudinal design. At baseline, participants (N = 1,128, 12–17 years, 55% women) were interviewed and genotyped as part of a general population survey on adolescent mental health. Eight years later, they were recontacted for a follow up visit (N = 437, 20–25 years, 63% women). At both assessments, individuals reported on their engagement in SB within the past year. MDD PRS were significantly positively associated with SB, particularly suicide ideation and planning during adolescence, accounting for ~4–5% of the variance in these outcomes. In contrast, associations between MDD PRS and SB during young adulthood did not reach statistical significance. Our results suggest that increased genetic liability for depression increased risk for SB, particularly during adolescence, expanding our knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of SB.
The herpetological contributions of Richard Thomas
Authors: Bauer Aaron M. , Daza Juan D. , Herrera‐Martínez Alexandra , Ospina Oscar E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJohn Paul Richard Thomas is among the living herpetologists to have described the greatest number of new species of amphibians and reptiles, and his contributions to the herpetology of the West Indies, particularly the Greater Antilles, have been exceptional. His academic career followed an unusual path, having established a strong reputation and described 50 new taxa prior to beginning his doctoral studies. His career was strongly influenced by Albert Schwartz and later was characterized by extensive and fruitful collaboration with S. Blair Hedges. Thomas' contributions to the study of blind snakes have been noteworthy. In addition to describing 28 species of scolecophidians he has been a keen observer of blind snake morphology and his 1976 dissertation remains a valuable source of osteological data. We outline some of the highlights of the career of Richard Thomas and provide a bibliography of his scientific works and a listing of the 108 taxa of amphibians and reptiles described by him.
Function of mevalonate pathway genes in the synthesis of frontalin in Chinese white pine beetle,Dendroctonus armandi(curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Sun Yaya , Fu Danyang , Kang Xiaotong , Liu Bin , Ning Hang , Chen Hui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandiTsai and Li) is a significant pest of pine forests in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains of China. Adult males commonly produce frontalin using precursors synthesized through the mevalonate pathway, which is regulated by juvenile hormone III (JHIII). In this study, the expression levels of mevalonate pathway genes were quantified after phloem feeding and topical application of the JHIII solution. The frontalin was quantified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Both the phloem feeding and JHIII treatments produced an evident upregulation in the male gut, mainly in 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase (HMGS) and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGR). Moreover,HMGS,HMGR, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, and geranyl diphosphate synthase/farnesyl diphosphate synthase were upregulated in fed and JHIII‐stimulated males ofD. armandiunder both conditions (solitary and paired). The expression levels were higher in paired compared to solitary males. Males had higher expression levels compared with females. Correspondingly, the phloem‐feeding males produced more frontalin than JHIII‐treated males, and the production of frontalin was higher in paired males than in solitary males. The knockdown of mevalonate pathway genes using RNAi in vivo effectively reduced the messenger RNA level of these genes and inhibited the production of frontalin. Among them, the silencing ofHMGRorHMGSgenes reduced the synthesis of frontalin most significantly.
Transformation of Wurtzite ZnO to a New Triclinic Nanoporous ZnO Phase via Hydrothermal Treatment with Metformin for Designing Proton Conducting Material
Authors: Chatterjee Sauvik , Palui Arnab , Chongdar Sayantan , Roy Shyamal , Ghosh Aswini , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZinc oxide is one of the most widely studied semiconductor metal oxides, which predominantly crystallizes as hexagonal wurtzite and often cubic zinc‐blende phases. Here we report the transformation of the highly stable wurtzite ZnO to a new triclinic phase NZO‐2 by using metformin as a template during post‐synthesis hydrothermal treatment. This crystalline phase of the material NZO‐2 has been identified through the refinement of the powder XRD data. NZO‐2 possesses porous rod like particle morphology consisting of the self‐assembly of 3–7 nm size spherical nanoparticles and interparticle nanoscopic voids spaces. NZO‐2 has been surface phosphorylated and the resulting material displayed good proton conductivity. Further, NZO‐2 displayed ultra‐low band gap of 1.74 eV, thereby responsible for red emission under high energy laser excitation and this may open new opportunities in optoelectronic application of ZnO.
Communication and social interaction in the cannabinoid‐type 1 receptor null mouse: Implications for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fyke William , Premoli Marika , Echeverry Alzate Victor , López‐Moreno José A. , Lemaire‐Mayo Valerie , Crusio Wim E. , Marsicano Giovanni , Wöhr Markus , Pietropaolo Susanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClinical and preclinical findings have suggested a role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the etiopathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous mouse studies have investigated the role of ECS in several behavioral domains; however, none of them has performed an extensive assessment of social and communication behaviors, that is, the main core features of ASD. This study employed a mouse line lacking the primary endocannabinoid receptor (CB1r) and characterized ultrasonic communication and social interaction in CB1−/−, CB1+/−, and CB1+/+ males and females. Quantitative and qualitative alterations in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were observed in CB1 null mice both during early development (i.e., between postnatal days 4 and 10), and at adulthood (i.e., at 3 months of age). Adult mutants also showed marked deficits in social interest in the three‐chamber test and social investigation in the direct social interaction test. These behavioral alterations were mostly observed in both sexes and appeared more marked in CB1−/− than CB1+/− mutant mice. Importantly, the adult USV alterations could not be attributed to differences in anxiety or sensorimotor abilities, as assessed by the elevated plus maze and auditory startle tests. Our findings demonstrate the role of CB1r in social communication and behavior, supporting the use of the CB1 full knockout mouse in preclinical research on these ASD‐relevant core domains.Lay SummaryThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) is important for brain development and neural function and is therefore likely to be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here we investigated changes in social behavior and communication, which are core features of ASD, in male and female mice lacking the chief receptor of this system. Our results show that loss of this receptor results in several changes in social behavior and communication both during early development and in adulthood, thus supporting the role of the ECS in these ASD‐core behavioral domains.
Integrierte Entwurfs‐ und Betriebsmethodik für Offshore‐Megastrukturen
Authors: Schuster Daniel , Hente Christian , Hübler Clemens , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Sonderforschungsbereich 1463 „Integrierte Entwurfs‐ und Betriebsmethodik für Offshore‐Megastrukturen“ ist im Januar 2021 von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für eine Laufzeit von zunächst vier Jahren eingerichtet worden. In 15 Teilprojekten beschäftigen sich Forscher von fünf Institutionen unter der Leitung der Leibniz Universität Hannover mit der Erforschung und Entwicklung neuer Methoden zur Realisierung zukünftiger Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen mit einer Nennleistung von > 20 MW als wesentlichen Beitrag zu einer regenerativen Energieversorgung.
Note on a stepwise procedure for rejecting at least k out of m hypotheses: A simple Holm‐type formulation and proof
Authors: Guilbaud Olivier J. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMielke et al. (2021) proposed a stepwise multiple testing procedure (MTP) based on marginal p‐values for rejecting at least k out of m null hypotheses. Briefly, the MTP cannot reject less than k hypotheses, but this property improves the power to reject k or more hypotheses relative to the stepdown MTP of Holm (1979). Mielke et al. discussed why such an MTP is of interest in the context of biosimilarity developments. This article describes how a slight modification of Holm's simple direct arguments can be used as an alternative to the closed‐testing arguments of Mielke et al. to show the strong control of the family‐wise error rate. This modification is based on a Holm‐type formulation of the rejection algorithm where each step involves a single ordered p‐value. With k equal to one, the stepwise MTP reduces to Holm's stepdown MTP. The MTP is valid quite generally. A version of the MTP with weights for hypotheses is also described and discussed. As in the case without weights: (a) a modification of Holm's arguments can be used; (b) with k equal to one, the MTP reduces to Holm's MTP with weights; and (c) the MTP is valid quite generally.
High throughput chromatography and analytics can inform viral clearance capabilities during downstream process development for biologics
Authors: Gulla Krishana C. , Schneiderman Zachary J. , O'Connell Sarah E. , Arias Gabriel F. , Cibelli Nicole L. , Cetlin David , Gowetski Daniel B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh throughput process development (HTPD) using liquid handling robotics and RoboColumns is an established methodology in downstream process development to screen chromatography resins and optimize process designs to meet target product profiles. However, HTPD is not yet widely available for use in viral clearance capability of the resin due to a variety of constraints. In the present study, a BSL‐1‐compatible, non‐infectious MVM model, MVM‐VLP, was tested for viral clearance assessment with various resin and membrane chromatography operations in a HTPD mode. To detect the MVM‐VLP in the high throughput experiments, an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) assay was developed with up to 5 logs of dynamic range. Storage time suitability of MVM‐VLP solutions in various buffer matrices, in the presence or absence of a glycoprotein vaccine candidate, were assessed. Then, MVM‐VLP and a test article monoclonal antibody (mAb) were used in a HTPD design that included commercially available ion exchange media chemistries, elucidating a wide variety of viral clearance ability at different operating conditions. The methodologies described herein have the potential to be a part of the process design stage in biologics manufacturing process development, which in turn can reduce risk associated with viral clearance validation studies.