bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant recommendation using Triple Exponential Smoothing and K-Nearest Neighbor based on Internet of Things
Authors: Habbibie M J , Yaddarabullah Y , Syahputra A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nutritious Garden Trilogy University is an agricultural land managed by urban farmers as well as students who are also lecturers to practice teaching and learn in the cultivation of types of plant commodities. Cultivation of plant species done by examining the climatic factors of plants on the land. The sustainability reason is one of the obstacles to make sure the results of cultivation in the teaching and learning process. The changing climate makes urban farmers get trouble to determine types of plants to be planted. This study will develop a system to forgive the recommendation of the type of plant according to the change of climate. The climate changes recorded using the internet of things sensors which consist of temperature, humidity, light intensity, and wind speed. The data entered will be processed using the triple exponential smoothing method as a forecast to predict future weather, then classified using the k-nearest neighbor to get the types of plants. The results of forecasting testing from sensors using the mean absolute percentage error obtained values of 9.53% temperature, 16.44% humidity, 3.73% light intensity, 19.42% wind speed.
Increasing hydrocarbon prospect zone using deterministic model based on logs and core data in “X” field
Authors: Sitaresmi R , Fadhlurachman N , Prakoso S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
X Field was developed by drilling 3 oil wells, X-1, X-2, and X-4 to determine the hydrocarbon prospect zones. Therefore, this study aims to analyse and identify the prospect zones in each well to obtain petro physical values. This helps to predict the interval zone for hydrocarbon prospects. The study analyses the log and core data using deterministic methods. The rock characteristics that need to be determined include shale volume, porosity, water resistivity, and saturation, and oil column thickness. The thickness of the layer as a prospect reservoir is determined using the gamma-ray log based on the volume of the shale. The porosity size is carried out using density and neutron logs. Additionally, the available resistivity log data is used to calculate water saturation through the Archie method. The average porosity and water saturation in the “X” field was 16% and 66%, respectively. Also, the cut off is carried out with limits on shale volume, porosity, and saturation of 17%, 8%, and 66%, respectively. The final result in the form of reservoir lumping includes the average value of net pay, porosity, and water saturation of 56 ft, 21%, and 38%, respectively.
Production of activated carbon from palm empty fruit bunch as supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Wulandari N N , Rustamaji H , Fibarzy W U , Prakoso T , Rizkiana J , Devianto H , Widiatmoko P , Nurdin I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Activated carbon is prepared by carbonization out by hydrothermal carbonization. Hydrother-mal carbonization is a process that carried out with aqueous media in a pressurized reactor at a lower temperatur that the pyrolysis process. This research focused on production of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch by hydrothermal carbonization process using CaCl2 as activat-ing agents. Ratio of raw material/activating agent/water was 1:2:3. Hydrothermal carbonization was carried out at 275°C for an hour. Furthermore, hydrochar was activated at a temperatur of 800°C in presence of CO2 for 2 hours. Activated carbon was modified with 1 M nitric acid (HNO3). A self-supporting and flexible activated carbon/graphene/carbon nanotube (AC/GP/CNT) electrode has been rationally designed for constructing high-performance supercapacitor. The CNT is beneficial for improving the electronic conductivity of the electrode, while AC particles could effectively suppress the aggregation of GP and CNT due to their blocking effect. The synergistic effect among the AC-Ca, GP and CNT validate the AC-Ca/GP/CNT as a promising electrode for supercapacitor, exibiting greatly enhanced electrochemical performances in comparison with the pure GP, pure CNT and AC-Ca electrode. The AC-Ca/GP/CNT electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 53.51 F g−1.
Estimation of the biomass yield and stoichiometric coefficient during bioproduct formation through thermodynamic approach: a case study of biosurfactant production
Authors: Adiandri R S , Purwadi R , Hoerudin  , Setiadi T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microbial growth occurs on a wide variety of compounds. One of the critical parameters in biotechnological processes is biomass yield. Biomass yield for many different microbial systems extensively studied due to its primary importance. Besides biomass yield, a stoichiometric coefficient determination is also important because it can predict the number of reactants and products needed. This paper aims to explain how to determine the biomass yield on electron donor (YDX) and stoichiometric coefficient during bioproducts formation through a thermodynamic approach. The case study focused on the biosurfactant production process. The calculation shows that the electron donor and incubation temperature affect the electron donor’s biomass yield (YDX). For biosurfactant production, glucose obtains a higher value of YDX than propionate. By using the same electron donor, the higher the incubation temperature, the lower of YDX value. YDX value is useful for determining the stoichiometric coefficient of biomass growth during biosurfactants formation through elemental mass balance. The type of electron donor and temperature affect the stoichiometric coefficient of biomass growth during the biosurfactant production process.
Study of the Effect of Glycerol Plasticizer on the Properties of PLA/Wheat Bran Polymer Blends
Authors: Satriyatama A , Rochman V A A , Adhi R E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a natural polymer that can be used as a raw material for making plastics. PLA plastic manufacturing has developed rapidly since the crude oil supply is getting lower, besides PLA plastic is environmentally friendly. In this research, the development of PLA from starch and wheat bran was developed by using glycerol as a plasticizer. PLA film is made by lactic acid fermentation. After fermentation, PLA mixed with wheat bran with a ratio of 20:80 (w/w) and a variety of glycerol concentration of 0%; 1%; 3%; 5%; and 7%, then heating at 200 °C for 5 minutes. The film later printed in plastic size dimension of 15cm × 20cm and incubated at 50 °C for 5 hours, then dried in room temperature of ± 27 °C. The effect of glycerol addition as a plasticizer on PLA is analyzed using mechanical tests, swelling, solubility, and chemical resistance. Film with 1 wt% of glycerol composition is optimal composition of tensile strength value of 1.22 MPa, 0.014% elongation, swelling of 0.4, solubility of 0.0207%.
A Study of Producing Natural Red Color on Ikat Weaving Threads
Authors: Dala Ngapa D P , Daud Y , Sabuna A C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aims of this study are to find out what materials that used to produce red color on ikat weaving threads; what factors affect the making of red color on ikat weaving threads; the process of plants processing that used as a natural red colorant for the thread; and the kinds of red color produced from natural colorant plants. The samples were taken from the Kupang Regency area consists of three villages that are: Oesao, Sahraen, and Apraen village. The sample that took from three villages is Noni root, teak leaves, betel nut, and cherry fruit as the additional sample that was obtained from Dutalia Supermarket in Kupang city. The method that used in this study is the qualitative method with documenting technique and experiment. This study was done from January to March in the Biology Laboratorium of Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana, Kupang. The result of this study was found 11 red colors that produced from 4 kinds of plant that used for coloring the jark they are Noni root produced 4 colors (deep maroon, strawberry red, cardinal red, and terraccota. Cherry fruit produced 5 colors (coral pink, powder pink, hot pink, baby pink, and watermelon pink). Teak leaves produced the red-violet color and the last is Betel nut produced 2 colors (rust brown).
Identification of Biomordant in Merbaun Village, West Amarasi District, Kupang Regency
Authors: Taimenas A K , Ngginak J , Sabuna A C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is a province that has cultural diversity. One of the cultures that are the pride of the people of East Nusa Tenggara is ikat weaving. In the observation stage related to this research, a small group of weaving craftsmen (Runpah and Narwastu) was found still use plants as natural dyes. The color produced from these plants is very distinctive, and besides using plant dyes, other ingredients are also added to prevent natural color fading. This study aims to determine the types of mordant plants, the used organs, the processing method, and the produced color by the craftsmen in Merbaun Village, West Amarasi District, Kupang Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of the research in Merbaun Village found 8 types of plants that were used as mordants, including Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L), Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L), kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd, kapok randu alas (Bombax ceiba L)), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Loba (Symplocos sp.), and Utaruna, plant organs that are used, namely, fruit skins, leaves, bark, fruit and pulp. The processing process is burning, pounding, soaking, cooking and the resulting colors are yellow and red.
Process Modeling of Drying and Torrefaction of Oil Palm Trunk (OPT)
Authors: Adityawarman Dendy , Fujiyama Vika , Woo Lee Hyung , Gumilang Dewi Retno , Sitompul Johnner P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns on process modeling of drying and torrefaction of oil palm trunk (OPT), abundant biomass resources coming from replantation of oil palm. The processes are very crucial in treating of OPT before utilization for energy source due to high level of water content and volatile matters in the biomass. Modeling with Aspen Plus is performed to predict the composition of product in mass in fastest way without doing experiment. The study uses Flash Dryer Model and Reactor Model available in Aspen as tool box for modeling the drying process and torrefaction process. Objective of the paper is to validate the process model with experimental results from that of Prasetyo et al.(2016) in identifying final mass and calorific value of torrefied OPT. The process modeling of OPT drying and torrefaction gives the charcoal yield of 0.2972 compared to experiment yield of 0.24. The calorific value (HCV) of torrefied OPT with RGibbs is 6,901.0 kcal/kg that is similar with experiment result of 6,939.2 kcal/kg.
Interesterification of Indonesian Vegetables Oil for Cocoa Butter Alternatives: Its Effect on Slip Melting Point Changes
Authors: Lestari Dianika , Nathania  , Putri Pratama Oktalia , Rizkiana Jenny 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Palm stearin (PS), palm olein (PO), and coconut oil (CO) were used as feed for chemical interesterification to produce fat product with similar slip melting point (SMP) to cocoa butter alternatives. Chemical interesterification was conducted at 75°C for 8 hours using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. The objective of the research was to determine effect of feed composition on slip melting point profile changes during interesterification reaction. The feed composition was determined using Mixture Design method. The experimental data showed that SMP of interesterification product was changed throughout the reaction time. The SMP of chemical interesterification product was affected by the reactivity of the dominant fatty acid in the feed blends. The reactivity of fatty acid in the feed blend directed fatty acid positioning on the triglyserides at the end of reaction. Feed composition determined predominated portion of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in the mixture, and therefore, affected the gradient changes of SMP. Vegetable oil feed mixture which produced interesterification product with the most similar SMP values to cocoa butter (33-34°C) were pure coconut oil feed and palm stearin - palm olein mixture feed (50:50).
Statistical Mixture Design for Modelling and Optimization of Feed Mixture in the Chemical Interesterification to produce Cocoa Butter Alternatives
Authors: Rizikiana Jenny , Nathania  , Putri Pratama Oktalia , Lestari Dianika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to find the optimum feed mixture consist of palm stearin (PS), palm olein (PO), and coconut oil (CO), for chemical interesterification to produce cocoa butter alternatives (CBA) with the most similar melting profile with cocoa butter. The feed mixture was chemically interesterified using sodium ethylate as the catalyst at a temperature of 75°C for 8 hours. Based on the melting profile analysis of the products, the pure coconut oil (CO-100) and pure palm stearin (PS-100) gave the most similar melting profile of cocoa butter alternatives. The CO-100 melting profile gave the least value of Sum of Square Error compared to Cocoa Butter Substitute while the PS-100 melting profile gave a similar result compared to Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE) and Cocoa Butter Replacer (CBR). However, PS-100 product does not meet the other specifications, such as Iodine value and slip melting point. Therefore, it can be concluded that pure coconut oil was the best feed for chemical interesterification to produce cocoa butter alternatives (CBA).
Taro Ice Cream: Addition of Colocasia esculenta Stem to Improve Antioxidant Activity in Ice Cream
Authors: Asaduddin A H , Maulani U N , Sari A Y , Hawari K , Ayusari A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Colocasia esculenta (C. esculenta) is a widely cultivated plant for consumption and traditional medicine. Recent evidences showed lack studies about the stem of C. esculenta as medicinal agent. Besides, ice cream is a food, which contains milk that play beneficial role as antioxidant. Addition of C. esculenta in ice cream may improve antioxidant activity by its phytochemical compounds. Thus, the aim of this nutritional food study is to determine the antioxidant activity, phytochemical compounds and nutritional minerals. The methods used were done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) test and antioxidant assays characterized using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The nutritional minerals was also measured on the study. The results showed the extract had antioxidant activity that measured at 675.283pg/ml. The stem extract of C. esculenta positively contained Flavonoid, Terpenoid, Saponin, and Steroid based on TLC assays. Based on nutritional minerals test, C. esculenta contained vitamin C, vitamin E, Potassium, and % Calcium. Flavonoids, Terpenoid, Saponin, and steroid had been proved as potent treatment for oxidative stress. Vitamin C and E also had evidence as antioxidant properties. Activity of antioxidant enzymes were improved in Potassium and Calcium treatment studies. Therefore, the addition of C. esculenta in ice cream could improve the activity of antioxidant.
Fermented cassava as an alternative flour for pasta noodle
Authors: Purwadi R , Teguh C F , Mazaya D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCassava is widely cultivated in South East Asia countries like Indonesia. However, ordinary cassava flour cannot substitute wheat flour due to lack of gluten. Fermented cassava flour (fercaf) is a protein enriched cassava flour which is produced from a fermentation process of cassava flakes by lactic acid bacteria. Fercaf may serve as substitution to wheat flour, especially in pasta production. Nevertheless, a number of modifications should be exercise in product formulation to meet the ordinary ‘wheat base’ pasta product specifications. The current study was focus on these modifications i.e., addition of other flour and addition of hydrocolloids. The properties of pasta such as elasticity, yield, cooking weight, hardness, stickiness as well as sensory property were examined to determine the best pasta formulation. The results show that pasta made from fercaf with the addition of rice and corn flour gave strong and elastic texture while hydrocolloid addition increased water-binding of the pasta. The final pasta formulation included ratio of fercaf:rice:corn flour by 70:10:20 and addition of 2,5% xanthan gum.
The effect of size and solid content in hydrolysis of sweet potato starch using endogenous beta-amylase enzyme
Authors: Purwadi R , Lestari D , Lohoo C A , Tirtaadji J L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sweet potato contains significant amount of endogenous amylase enzymes. The endogenous enzymes can be used in maltose production from sweet potatoes to carry out pre-hydrolysis of the starch to some extent, follow by complete hydrolysis using external enzymes. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of particle size and solid to liquid ratio in hydrolysis process of sweet potato starch using endogenous enzymes. The extent of hydrolysis process is measured by dextrose equivalent of the crude maltose solution. Hydrolysis process consists of liquefaction and saccharification process. The liquefaction process is carried out at 71.5°C and pH 6 for 25 minutes while saccharification process is carried out at 53°C and pH 5,5 for 72 hours. Dextrose equivalent is measured using Lane-Eynon method. The results show that the access of enzyme to the potato tubers is the key to hydrolysis process. The smaller size of tubers gives bigger surface area while lower solid-to-liquid ratio increases enzyme mobility but decreases sugar concentration. Base on the results, a simulation shows that the pre-hydrolysis of sweet potatoes using endogenous enzymes can save almost a half of enzymes required for traditional hydrolysis process.
Techno-Enviro-Economic Study of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Production from Crude Palm Oil and Renewable Hydrogen
Authors: Vivadinar A H , Purwanto W W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
From the perspective of technical, environment, and economics, hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) production with renewable hydrogen from biomass gasification (BG), geothermal electrolysis (GEO-E), and solar photovoltaic electrolysis (PV-E) is compared to steam methane reforming (SMR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the energy efficiency, greenhouse gases emission factor, and production cost of HVO from various hydrogen production technologies. Production technologies are simulated using Aspen Plus ®. HVO is produced by hydrotreating and hydroisomerization reactions. The processes produce three main products: HVO, green naphtha, and bio-jet fuel. The feedstock used to produce hydrogen from BG is empty fruit bunch (EFB). Renewable electricity produced by geothermal combination of flash system and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and solar photovoltaic (PV) with battery. Technical analysis is done by calculating the energy efficiency of overall system. Production cost of HVO is calculated by levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Life cycle analysis (LCA) is carried out to calculate CO2-eq intensity. The result shows that HVO production with SMR has the highest energy efficiency, 55.67%, which then followed by BG, 31.47%, PV-E, 9.34%, and GEO-E, 7.89%. The order of LCOE obtained from lowest to highest is HVO production from hydrogen produced by SMR (15.78/GJ-HVO), BG ($16.37/GJ-HVO), GEO ($22.83/GJ-HVO), and PV ($27.29/GJ-HVO). However, for CO2-eq intensity, the order is HVO productions with the hydrogen produced by GEO-E, PV-E, SMR, and BG are 1.63 kgCO2-eq/kg HVO, 1.86 kgCO2-eq/kg HVO, 5.57 kgCO2-eq/kg HVO, and 16.52 kgCO2-eq/kg HVO, respectively.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of TiO2/GO Composite and Its Adsorption-Photocatalysis Property under Visible Light
Authors: Setiawan S , Hardiansyah A , Kartikowati C W , Arif A F , Priatmoko S , Arutanti O 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe photocatalytic performance of low-grade Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) anatase was successfully improved by compositing with graphene oxide (GO) via microwave-assisted, activated by UV and Xe light. The various experimental conditions were conducted. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Particle size analyzer (PSA), Prepared TiO2/GO photocatalyst was characterized by several instruments such as Specific surface area (BET) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effect of various annealing times (30 to 120 minutes) and temperatures (200-1000°C) were studied to reach the optimum pure TiO2as a further based material in composite with GO. The result showed that both annealing time and temperature influenced crystallinity and particle size only, not the phase structure of TiO2. A similar phenomenon was founded by adding GO in a small concentration. A comparison of photocatalytic activity under UV and Xe irradiation has been proposed to show the GO effect independently. Under UV irradiation, the presence of GO enhancing the active sites of the catalyst. 1.0 wt% of GO succeeds in decomposing 8ppm of RhB more than 90%. Meanwhile, under Xe irradiation, the efficiency of the degradation of RhB was only 30%, resulted in using 1.2wt% of GO. Interestingly, the photodecomposition rate (k) of TiO2/GO composite under Xe irradiation was 3 times over pure TiO2higher than that of UV irradiation (1 time). The study present that the small concentration of GO affected not only the active site of the TiO2/GO composite but also the electronic properties, which give different effects under different energy activated.
Purification of vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate through neutralization, extraction, and adsorption methods
Authors: Veningtia Sari Anggita , Harimawan Ardiyan , Lestari Dianika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the compounds in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) which was carried away due to thermal treatment in the deodorization unit in the refining of crude palm oil (CPO). The process of purifying vitamin E can be done by combining several common processes such as neutralization, extraction, and adsorption. The neutralization process is carried out to remove the content of free fatty acids (FFA), which are the saponifiable compounds and the largest component in PFAD. FFA in PFAD were first neutralized using magnesium oxide and most of FFA removed during process. Vitamin E and the remaining FFA are carried away during the extraction process with hexane due to similar polarity. Vitamin E extracted from neutralized PFAD was then subjected to batch adsorption process using incubator shaker with silica as the adsorbent. The adsorption process in this study resulted in a vitamin E uptake percentage of 98%. Isopropanol is used as solvent in the desorption process and produces a vitamin E recovery percentage of 96,9%. The concentration of final concentrate was obtained with vitamin E purity of 5,6% (12282 ppm) and the amount increased 9.2 times compared to concentrate from neutralization followed by extraction process. The concentrate has strong antioxidant activity as evidenced by the IC50 value of 23,3 ppm.