bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Two‐Stage Bayesian Data‐Driven Method to Improve Model Prediction
Authors: Sun Xiaozhuo , Zeng Xiankui , Wu Jichun , Wang Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause of the earth system complexity, groundwater/hydrology models are always built with structural errors, which may lead to systematic errors in model predictions. Bayesian data‐driven methods (DDMs) provide a feasible way to correct systematic model errors statistically. Generally, the physical and statistical model parameters, namely physical parameters and hyperparameters, are assumed to be independent and jointly calibrated. However, this assumption may be unreasonable and lead to over‐adjusted parameter estimation and biased model prediction. This study proposes a two‐stage DDM to calibrate physical parameters and hyperparameters separately, which does not make the independence assumption. Three case studies, including a groundwater solute transport analytical model, a three‐dimensional groundwater flow model, and a real‐world snowmelt runoff model, were used to evaluate the predictive performance of this two‐stage DDM. Based on the three case studies, we found that the independence assumption of physical parameters and hyperparameters could lead to the over‐fitting of parameter estimation and deviations in model predictions. Two‐stage DDM can constrain the systematic error model calibration; that is, physical parameters are first calibrated in the entire hyperparameter prior probability space, and then hyperparameters are calibrated in the posterior probability space of physical parameters obtained previously. As a result, compared with traditional joint calibration‐based DDM, two‐stage DDM can alleviate parameter over‐fitting and improve model predictive performance.
Amino acid deprivation induces AKT activation by inducing GCN2/ATF4/REDD1 axis
Authors: Jin Hyeon-Ok , Hong Sung-Eun , Kim Ji-Young , Jang Se-Kyeong , Park In-Chul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmino acid availability is sensed by various signaling molecules, including general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). However, it is unclear how these sensors are associated with cancer cell survival under low amino acid availability. In the present study, we investigated AKT activation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells deprived of each one of 20 amino acids. Among the 20 amino acids, deprivation of glutamine, arginine, methionine, and lysine induced AKT activation. AKT activation was induced by GCN2/ATF4/REDD1 axis-mediated mTORC2 activation under amino acid deprivation. In CRISPR-Cas9-mediated REDD1-knockout cells, AKT activation was not induced by amino acid deprivation, indicating that REDD1 plays a major role in AKT activation under amino acid deprivation. Knockout of REDD1 sensitized cells cultured under glutamine deprivation conditions to radiotherapy. Taken together, GCN2/ATF4/REDD1 axis induced by amino acid deprivation promotes cell survival signal, which might be a potential target for cancer therapy.
Reducing the nanoparticles generated at the wheel–rail contact by applying tap water lubricant at subway train operational velocities
Authors: Lee HyunWook 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe formation characteristics and the reduction of nanoparticles emitted from wheel–rail contacts at subway-train velocities of 73, 90, and 113 km/h under dry and water-lubricated conditions (using tap water) were studied using a twin-disk rig. The resulting number concentration (NC) of ultrafine and fine particles increased with train velocity under both conditions. Particle generation varied with slip rate under both conditions in both the particle categories. Furthermore, the formation characteristics at 113 km/h under dry conditions showed a notable deviation from those under water-lubricated conditions in three aspects: (i) The maximum NC of ultrafine particles was higher than that of fine particles, (ii) the predominant peak diameter was in the ultrafine particles category, and (iii) the proportion of ultrafine particles was much higher than those of the fine particles. Applying water decreased the NC of ultrafine and fine particles significantly at all tested velocities (by 54–69% and 87–91%, respectively). Adding water increased the NC of particles ≤ 35 nm in diameter, possibly owing to the increase in water vapor and mineral crystals from tap water. Overall, this study provides a reference for researchers aiming to minimize nanoparticle formation at the wheel–rail contacts by applying a lubricant.
Nitrogen deficiency results in changes to cell wall composition of sorghum seedlings
Authors: Rivai Reza Ramdan , Miyamoto Takuji , Awano Tatsuya , Takada Rie , Tobimatsu Yuki , Umezawa Toshiaki , Kobayashi Masaru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] has been gaining attention as a feedstock for biomass energy production. While it is obvious that nitrogen (N) supply significantly affects sorghum growth and biomass accumulation, our knowledge is still limited regarding the effect of N on the biomass quality of sorghum, such as the contents and structures of lignin and other cell wall components. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of N supply on the structure and composition of sorghum cell walls. The cell walls of hydroponically cultured sorghum seedlings grown under sufficient or deficient N conditions were analyzed using chemical, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, gene expression, and immunohistochemical methods. We found that the level of N supply considerably affected the cell wall structure and composition of sorghum seedlings. Limitation of N led to a decrease in the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin unit ratio and an increase in the amount and alteration of tissue distribution of several hemicelluloses, including mixed linkage (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-d-glucan, and arabinoxylan. At least some of these cell wall alterations could be associated with changes in gene expression. Nitrogen status is thus one of the factors affecting the cell wall properties of sorghum seedlings.
Influenza virus vaccination in pediatric nephrotic syndrome significantly reduces rate of relapse and influenza virus infection as assessed in a nationwide survey
Authors: Ishimori Shingo , Ando Takashi , Kikunaga Kaori , Terano Chikako , Sato Mai , Komaki Fumiyo , Hamada Riku , Hamasaki Yuko , Araki Yoshinori , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Nakanishi Koichi , Nakazato Hitoshi , Matsuyama Takeshi , Iijima Kazumoto , Yoshikawa Norishige , Ito Shuichi , Honda Masataka , Ishikura Kenji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough vaccination may precipitate relapses of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children with idiopathic NS, no data are available regarding NS activity regarding influenza (flu) virus infections and NS relapses after receiving inactivated flu vaccines. We conducted a nationwide study of children aged 6 months to 15 years with idiopathic NS to assess the relationship between NS relapse, flu vaccination, and flu infections. We used a multivariate Poisson regression model (MPRM) to calculate the risk ratio (RR) for flu infection and for NS relapse in children with and without flu vaccination. Data of 306 children were assessed. The MPRM in all 306 children showed a significantly lower RR for flu infection (RR: 0.21, 95% confidence interval CI 0.11–0.38) and for NS relapse (RR: 0.22, 95% CI 0.14–0.35) in children receiving flu vaccination compared with unvaccinated children. In an additional MPRM only among 102 children receiving flu vaccination, they had a significantly lower risk for NS relapse during the post-vaccination period (RR: 0.31. 95% CI 017–0.56) compared with the pre-vaccination period. Although our study was observational, based on the favorable results of flu vaccinations regarding flu infections and NS relapse, the vaccine may be recommended for children with NS.
Ureteral stone with hydronephrosis and urolithiasis alone are risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Yen , Chen Tsung-Hsien , Lee Yi-Chien , Wang Ming-Cheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo identify whether urolithiasis with or without hydronephrosis has an impact on acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). This study aimed to identify whether urolithiasis with or without hydronephrosis has an impact on AKI in patients with UTI. This retrospective study enrolled hospitalized UTI patients who underwent imaging in an acute care setting from January 2006 to April 2019. Of the 1113 participants enrolled, 191 (17.2%) had urolithiasis and 76 (6.8%) had ureteral stone complicated with hydronephrosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in UTI patients with urolithiasis, the presence of ureteral stone with concomitant hydronephrosis was an independent risk factor for AKI (odds ratio [OR] 2.299, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.112–4.755, P = 0.025). In addition, urolithiasis was associated with an increased risk for AKI (OR 2.451, 95% CI 1.369–4.389, P = 0.003) in UTI patients without hydronephrosis. The presence of ureteral stone with hydronephrosis increases the risk for AKI of UTI patients with urolithiasis, and urolithiasis remains a risk factor of AKI in UTI patients without hydronephrosis.
Diet-driven mercury contamination is associated with polar bear gut microbiota
Authors: Watson Sophie E. , McKinney Melissa A. , Pindo Massimo , Bull Matthew J. , Atwood Todd C. , Hauffe Heidi C. , Perkins Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiota may modulate the disposition and toxicity of environmental contaminants within a host but, conversely, contaminants may also impact gut bacteria. Such contaminant-gut microbial connections, which could lead to alteration of host health, remain poorly known and are rarely studied in free-ranging wildlife. The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a long-lived, wide-ranging apex predator that feeds on a variety of high trophic position seal and cetacean species and, as such, is exposed to among the highest levels of biomagnifying contaminants of all Arctic species. Here, we investigate associations between mercury (THg; a key Arctic contaminant), diet, and the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of polar bears inhabiting the southern Beaufort Sea, while accounting for host sex, age class and body condition. Bacterial diversity was negatively associated with seal consumption and mercury, a pattern seen for both Shannon and Inverse Simpson alpha diversity indices (adjusted R2 = 0.35, F1,18 = 8.00, P = 0.013 and adjusted R2 = 0.26, F1,18 = 6.04, P = 0.027, respectively). No association was found with sex, age class or body condition of polar bears. Bacteria known to either be involved in THg methylation or considered to be highly contaminant resistant, including Lactobacillales, Bacillales and Aeromonadales, were significantly more abundant in individuals that had higher THg concentrations. Conversely, individuals with higher THg concentrations showed a significantly lower abundance of Bacteroidales, a bacterial order that typically plays an important role in supporting host immune function by stimulating intraepithelial lymphocytes within the epithelial barrier. These associations between diet-acquired mercury and microbiota illustrate a potentially overlooked outcome of mercury accumulation in polar bears.
Associations between parent–child relationship, and children’s externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and lifestyle behaviors in China during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Du Fanxing , He Li , Francis Mark R. , Forshaw Mark , Woolfall Kerry , Lv Qian , Shi Lu , Hou Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo investigate associations between parent–child relationships, children’s externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and lifestyle responses to the COVID-19 epidemic, we conducted an online survey of a random, representative sample of residents with children aged 3–17 years during mid-March 2020 in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. A total of 1655 parents and children were surveyed with a response rate of 80.1% in the survey. During the epidemic, the frequency of children enquiring about the epidemic (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.06), parents explaining the epidemic to them (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.80, 4.58), parents expressing negative emotions in front of them (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI = 2.08–3.30), and parents with more irritable attitudes (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.33–2.81) were significantly associated with children’s externalizing symptoms. For internalizing symptoms, significant associations were found with worse parent–child closeness (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.80–4.79), the frequency of parents expressing negative emotions in front of them (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.68, 4.12), and more irritable attitudes (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.42–3.55). We also found that each indicator of parent–child relationships had the significantly similar associations with children’s lifestyle behaviors. These findings suggest that improving parents’ attitudes towards their children and parent–child closeness during the epidemic, especially among parents with lower educational levels, are important to ensure the wellbeing of children.
Integrated RNAi screening identifies the NEDDylation pathway as a synergistic partner of azacytidine in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Klosner Justine , Agelopoulos Konstantin , Rohde Christian , Göllner Stefanie , Schliemann Christoph , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Müller-Tidow Carsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTreatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging and novel targets and synergistic therapies still need to be discovered. We performed a high-throughput RNAi screen in three different AML cell lines and primary human leukemic blasts to identify genes that synergize with common antileukemic therapies. We used a pooled shRNA library that covered 5043 different genes and combined transfection with exposure to either azacytidine or cytarabine analog to the concept of synthetic lethality. Suppression of the chemokine CXCL12 ranked highly among the candidates of the cytarabine group. Azacytidine in combination with suppression of genes within the neddylation pathway led to synergistic results. NEDD8 and RBX1 inhibition by the small molecule inhibitor pevonedistat inhibited leukemia cell growth. These findings establish an in vitro synergism between NEDD8 inhibition and azacytidine in AML. Taken together, neddylation constitutes a suitable target pathway for azacytidine combination strategies.
A simple prediction model of hyperuricemia for use in a rural setting
Authors: Shi Jia-Cheng , Chen Xiao-Huan , Yang Qiong , Wang Cai-Mei , Huang Qian , Shen Yan-Ming , Yu Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrently, the most widely used screening methods for hyperuricemia (HUA) involves invasive laboratory tests, which are lacking in many rural hospitals in China. This study explored the use of non-invasive physical examinations to construct a simple prediction model for HUA, in order to reduce the economic burden and invasive operations such as blood sampling, and provide some help for the health management of people in poor areas with backward medical resources. Data of 9252 adults from April to June 2017 in the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College were collected and divided randomly into a training set (n = 6364) and a validation set (n = 2888) at a ratio of 7:3. In the training set, non-invasive physical examination indicators of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of hypertension were included for logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram model was established. The classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm of the decision tree model was used to build a classification tree model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analyses (DCA) were used to test the distinction, accuracy and clinical applicability of the two models. The results showed age, gender, BMI and prevalence of hypertension were all related to the occurrence of HUA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram model was 0.806 and 0.791 in training set and validation set, respectively. The AUC of the classification tree model was 0.802 and 0.794 in the two sets, respectively, but were not statistically different. The calibration curves and DCAs of the two models performed well on accuracy and clinical practicality, which suggested these models may be suitable to predict HUA for rural setting.
Temperature-dependent modelling and spatial prediction reveal suitable geographical areas for deployment of two Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for Tuta absoluta management
Authors: Agbessenou Ayaovi , Akutse Komivi S. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Wekesa Sospeter W. , Khamis Fathiya M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests of Solanaceae crops in Africa. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates ICIPE 18, ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665 against adult T. absoluta. However, adequate strain selection and accurate spatial prediction are fundamental to optimize their efficacy and formulations before field deployment. This study therefore assessed the thermotolerance, conidial yield and virulence (between 15 and 35 °C) of these potent isolates. Over 90% of conidia germinated at 20, 25 and 30 °C while no germination occurred at 15 °C. Growth of the three isolates occurred at all temperatures, but was slower at 15, 33 and 35 °C as compared to 20, 25 and 30 °C. Optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and spore production were 30 and 25 °C, respectively. Furthermore, ICIPE 18 produced higher amount of spores than ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665. The highest mortality occurred at 30 °C for all the three isolates, while the LT50 values of ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 were significantly lower at 25 and 30 °C compared to those of ICIPE 665. Subsequently, several nonlinear equations were fitted to the mortality data to model the virulence of ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 against adult T. absoluta using the Entomopathogenic Fungi Application (EPFA) software. Spatial prediction revealed suitable locations for ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 deployment against T. absoluta in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Our findings suggest that ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 could be considered as effective candidate biopesticides for an improved T. absoluta management based on temperature and location-specific approach.
Wideband and high-order microwave vortex-beam launcher based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Zhang Lei , Deng Min , Li Weiwen , Yang Guang , Ye Longfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electromagnetic vortex carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is first studied at optical frequency, has begun to attract widespread attention in the field of radio-frequency/microwave. However, for the OAM mode generated by traditional single antennas, there are problems such as low order and narrow bandwidth, and complex structures such as dual-fed networks may be required. In this paper, based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) mode leaky-wave antenna, a single-port traveling-wave ring is proposed to radiate high-order OAM modes working near the cut-off frequency of SSPP state. The achieved 12-order OAM mode within 9.1–10.1 GHz (relative bandwidth of 10.4%) has the main radiation direction close to the antenna surface, forming a plane spiral OAM (PSOAM) wave, which reduces the requirements for mode purity in practical applications. This SSPP ring using periodic units as radiating elements can be an effective radiator for broadband and large-capacity OAM multiplexing communications. The structural characteristics of single feed contribute to the integration of microwave circuits.
The electronic properties of SrTiO3-δ with oxygen vacancies or substitutions
Authors: Rusevich L. L. , Tyunina M. , Kotomin E. A. , Nepomniashchaia N. , Dejneka A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electronic properties, including bandgap and conductivity, are critical for nearly all applications of multifunctional perovskite oxide ferroelectrics. Here we analysed possibility to induce semiconductor behaviour in these materials, which are basically insulators, by replacement of several percent of oxygen atoms with nitrogen, hydrogen, or vacancies. We explored this approach for one of the best studied members of the large family of ABO3 perovskite ferroelectrics — strontium titanate (SrTiO3). The atomic and electronic structure of defects were theoretically investigated using the large-scale first-principles calculations for both bulk crystal and thin films. The results of calculations were experimentally verified by studies of the optical properties at photon energies from 25 meV to 8.8 eV for in-situ prepared thin films. It was demonstrated that substitutions and vacancies prefer locations at surfaces or phase boundaries over those inside crystallites. At the same time, local states in the bandgap can be produced by vacancies located both inside the crystals and at the surface, but by nitrogen substitution only inside crystals. Wide-bandgap insulator phases were evidenced for all defects. Compared to pure SrTiO3 films, bandgap widening due to defects was theoretically predicted and experimentally detected.
Deep neural network for the determination of transformed foci in Bhas 42 cell transformation assay
Authors: Masumoto Minami , Fukuda Ittetsu , Furihata Suguru , Arai Takahiro , Kageyama Tatsuto , Ohmori Kiyomi , Shirakawa Shinichi , Fukuda Junji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBhas 42 cell transformation assay (CTA) has been used to estimate the carcinogenic potential of chemicals by exposing Bhas 42 cells to carcinogenic stimuli to form colonies, referred to as transformed foci, on the confluent monolayer. Transformed foci are classified and quantified by trained experts using morphological criteria. Although the assay has been certified by international validation studies and issued as a guidance document by OECD, this classification process is laborious, time consuming, and subjective. We propose using deep neural network to classify foci more rapidly and objectively. To obtain datasets, Bhas 42 CTA was conducted with a potent tumor promotor, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and focus images were classified by experts (1405 images in total). The labeled focus images were augmented with random image processing and used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN). The trained CNN exhibited an area under the curve score of 0.95 on a test dataset significantly outperforming conventional classifiers by beginners of focus judgment. The generalization performance of unknown chemicals was assessed by applying CNN to other tumor promotors exhibiting an area under the curve score of 0.87. The CNN-based approach could support the assay for carcinogenicity as a fundamental tool in focus scoring.