bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QSOFA and SOFA scores are valuable tools for predicting postoperative sepsis resulting from ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL)
Authors: Laih Chun-Yo , Hsiao Po-Jen , Hsieh Po-Fan , Wang Yu-De , Lai Chun-Ming , Yang Chao-Tung , Lin Chu-Hsing , Huang Chi-Ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The SOFA and qSOFA scores are new tools which are used to assess sepsis based on the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock Task Force. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the SOFA and qSOFA to predict post-ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) sepsis.
Materials and Methods

Patients who underwent URSL due to ureteral stone obstruction were retrospectively reviewed using SOFA and qSOFA scores. Patient characteristics including age, gender, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification (ASA), stone burden, stone location, hydronephrosis status, infectious status, preoperative SOFA and qSOFA score were collected. Preoperative factors were analyzed to determine if they were correlated with postoperative sepsis.
Results

A total of 830 patients were included in this study, of whom 32 (3.9%) had postoperative sepsis. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, proximal ureteral stones, severe hydronephrosis, and high preoperative qSOFA or SOFA score were significantly associated with postoperative sepsis. The areas under the curves of a qSOFA score ≥ 1 and SOFA score ≥ 2 for predicting postoperative sepsis were 0.754 and 0.823, respectively.
Conclusions

Preoperative qSOFA and SOFA scores are convenient and effective for predicting post-URSL sepsis. Further preventive strategies should be performed in these high-risk patients.
A Study To Evaluate The Bioactivity Behavior And Electrical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Ag2O-Borosilicate Glass Nanocomposites For Biomedical Applications
Authors: Alturki Asma M. , Abulyazied Dalia E. , Taha Mohammed , Abomostafa H. M. , Youness Rasha A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to prepare nanocomposites with excellent bioactivity and appropriate mechanical properties. In this regard, the nanocomposites, with different contents of borosilicate glass (BG) and carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), were mixed and milled using a high-energy ball mill. Then, these milled powders were subjected to sintering at 750 ºC. In order to examine their phase composition, molecular structure and microstructure, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively were used. Moreover, the DC electrical conductivity, and physical and mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were also measured. In addition, the in vitro bioactivity of the sintered samples was evaluated using XRD and SEM. Unexpectedly; the results indicated that the successive increase in BG contents promoted the partial decomposition of CHA molecules at this lower sintering temperature. Also, it was responsible for the enhanced bioactivity behavior along with giving CHA better mechanical properties. However, the electrical conductivity of the examined samples exhibited an opposite trend where it decreased significantly with increasing BG content. According to the results obtained, the prepared samples are suitable for use in various biomedical applications.
Is Routine Chest X-ray After Ultrasound and Intracavitary Electrocardiogram Guided Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertion Choosing Wisely? A Population-based Retrospective Study of 2857 Patients With Cancer
Authors: Shen Yan-Fen , Dong Jing , Wang Xin-Peng , Wang Xiao-Zheng , Zheng Yuan-Yuan , Chen Jie , Wang Guo-dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In China, routine chest X-ray (CXR) is generally required for peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) to determine the position of the catheter tip. The aim of this study is to assess the value of a routine post-procedural CXR in the era of ultrasound and intracavitary electrocardiography(IC-ECG) -guided PICC insertion. Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted to review the clinical records of all patients who had PICCs in the Venous Access Center of Beijing Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020. The incidence of catheter misplacement after insertion was measured. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine potential risk factors associated with PICC-related complications and a cost analysis to assess the economic impact of the use of CXR.Results: There were 2,857 samples from 2,647 patients included. The overall incidence of intraoperative and postoperative catheter misplacement was 7.4% (n=210) and 0.67% (n=19), respectively. There was a high risk of postoperative catheter misplacement when the left-arm was chosen for placement (OR: 10.478; 95% CI: 3.467-31.670; p<0.001). The cost of performing CXR for screening of PICC-related complications was $23,808 per year, and that of using CXR to diagnose one case of catheter misplacement was $1253.Conclusion: This study confirms that misplacement of PICCs guided by ultrasound and IC-ECG is rare and that postoperative CXR is very costly. In our setting, routine postoperative CXR is unnecessary and not a wise option.
Low-Frequency Exercise Training Improves Cardiovascular Fitness and Strength During Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Single-Arm Intervention Study
Authors: Bell Kirsten , Pfeiffer Amanda , Schmidt Schuyler , Bos Lisa , Russell Caryl , Barnes Tyler , Sebastiano Katie Di , Avrutin Egor , Gibson Marielle , Dubin Joel , Mourtzakis Marina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent guidelines recommend exercising ≥ 3 times/week during and after cancer treatment, however treatment-specific barriers may inhibit adherence. We explored the effect of a flexible exercise program on fitness, body composition, and metabolism in a group of recently diagnosed breast cancer patients. Fifty-two females ≥ 18 years with stage I-IIIB breast cancer were instructed to target 2 cardiovascular and strength training sessions/week over 12 weeks, but program length was expanded as needed to accommodate missed sessions. Pre- and post-intervention, we measured: 1) cardiovascular fitness, 2) isometric strength, 3) body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and 4) fasting glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and lipids. Pre-intervention, participants were 53 ± 10 years old (mean ± SD) and overweight (BMI: 27.5 ± 5.4 kg∙m− 2, 40.1 ± 6.5% body fat). Forty participants completed the program over a median 20 weeks (range: 13–32 weeks, median frequency: 1.2 sessions/week). Final workrate during a graded exercise test improved by 13% (10[5–15] W) (delta[95% CI]), and strength increased by 7–9% (right arm: 2.3[0.1–4.5] N∙m; right leg: 7.9[2.1–13.7] N∙m; left leg: 7.8[1.9–13.7] N∙m). Body composition and metabolic markers were unchanged. An exercise frequency of 1.2 sessions/week, while below recommendations, stimulated significant improvements in fitness, and may represent a more realistic target for patients during active treatment.
Reduction in Crosstalk Using Uniform Germanium Strips for Dense Integration of Photonic Waveguides
Authors: Chandra Veer , Kumar Dablu , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The requirement of low crosstalk between the neighboring waveguides should be considered essentially, in order to achieve the compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC), which includes photonic waveguides. Literature shows that the lower crosstalk can be realized by using the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based waveguide, having an appropriate separation between them. The current work is focused on reducing the waveguide separation to further improve the photonic integration over the PICs. This has been achieved by inserting the germanium strips between the photonic waveguides. The investigations of the impact of variations in heights and widths of germanium strip have demonstrated that the crosstalk can be reduced by a significant amount, which provides noteworthy improvement in coupling length. The maximum coupling lengths of 81578 µm, 67099 µm, and 66810 µm have been achieved at their respective end-to-end separations of 300 nm, 250 nm, and 200 nm, and their corresponding minimum crosstalk values have been noted as -29.40 dB, -27.71 dB, and − 27.70 dB. Moreover, the analysis to realize the coupling length for Ge-strip, have been compared with the Si-, and SiN-strips. The approach presented in the current work can be utilized for the design of many compact photonic applications, such as polarization splitter, integrated photonic switches, etc.
Medical Image Detection &amp; Privacy Management With Elliptic Curve GOPSO Cryptographic Optimization Technique on the Internet of Health Things
Authors: B Anthony Vincent , A Cecil Donald , Shanthan B J Hubert , Bist Ankur Singh , mehraj Haider , VijendraBabu D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to transform the health care sector and lead to the development of the Internet of Health Things (IoHT). This technology exceeds existing human services mechanically, financially, and socially. This paper used an advanced cryptographic framework that includes optimization strategies to look at IoHT medical image protection. The patient data kept on a cloud server which was detected and sensed from the IoHT Healthcare devices. It's critical to ensure the safety and privacy of patient clinical images in the cloud; here, an enhanced security framework for health information promotes trust. Next, we presented health care providers who could provide the full range of medical facilities for IoHT participants. In the process of encrypting/decrypting elliptical curves, the optimal key is selected using the Grasshopper Particle Swarm Optimization (GOPSO) to increase the security standard of medical images. Medical images are protected within IoHT by using this approach.The implementation results were analyzed and compared with a variety of encryption algorithms and their optimization techniques. The effectiveness of the proposed methods and the results show that the medical image is secure and prevents attacks in IoHT-based health care systems.
Identifying the Mechanisms of DO-scale Oscillations in a Gcm: a Salt Oscillator Triggered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet
Authors: Armstrong Edward , Izumi Kenji , Valdes Paul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The driver mechanisms of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events remain uncertain, in part because many climate models do not show similar oscillatory behaviour. Here we present results from glacial simulations of the HadCM3B coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation model that show stochastic, quasi-periodical DO-scale variability. This variability is driven by variations in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to North Atlantic salinity fluctuations. The mechanism represents a salt oscillator driven by the salinity gradient between the subtropical gyre and the Northern North Atlantic. Utilising a full set of model salinity diagnostics, we identify a complex ocean-atmosphere-sea-ice feedback mechanism that maintains this oscillator, driven by the interplay between surface freshwater fluxes (tropical P-E balance and sea-ice), advection, and convection. The key trigger is the extent of the Laurentide ice sheet, which alters atmospheric and ocean circulation patterns, highlighting the sensitivity of the climate system to land-ice extent. This, in addition to the background climate state, pushes the climate beyond a tipping point and into an oscillatory mode on a timescale comparable to the DO events.
Seismic Hazard Levels in Guinea, West Africa
Authors: Stephen A Irinyemi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of seismic activities in Guinea is infrequent, although located in a stable continental region. The hazard assessment level in Guinea, West Africa was determined by a probabilistic approach for 10 sites across the region. The calculation was carried out for 10%, 2% and 0.5% probability of exceedance in 50 years using a homogenized 100-year catalogue compiled from different seismic sources; Three prediction relations, developed for Eastern and Central North America for the stable continental region; and the R-CRISIS program. The levels of hazard estimated were high in the Palaeozoic area of Guinea. A uniform b-value of 0.70 ± 0.12, and individual activity rate (λ) were calculated for the three seismic zones. The maximum PGA values estimated for the study region are 0.08 g, 0.27 g, and 0.57 g for 475, 2475 and 9975 years return periods, respectively. Finding from this study will be useful in planning for the regional infrastructure.
Improved Outcome in Young Children Compared to Adolescents and Adults After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Retrospective Study From Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy (SFGM-TC) (SFGM-TC)
Authors: POCHON Cécile , Detrait Marie , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Michel Gérard , Dhédin Nathalie , Chalandon Yves , Brissot Eolia , Forcade Edouard , Sirvent Anne , Izzadifar-Legrand Faezeh , Michallet Mauricette , Renard Cécile , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Gonzales Fanny , Bay Jacques- Olivier , Kanold Justyna , Cornillon Jérome , Bulabois Claude Eric , Angoso Marie , Nguyen Stéphanie , Labussière-Wallet Hélène , Chevallier Patrice , Rialland Fanny , Bazarbachi Ali , Beguin Yves , Huynh Anne , Ménard Anne-Lise , Schneider Pascale , Neven Bénédicte , Paillard Catherine , Raus Nicole , Albuisson Eliane , Remen Thomas , Rubio Marie-Thérèse 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There are currently few data on the outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) after allogeneic HSCT. The aim of this study is to describe the outcome and its specific risk factors for children, AYAs and adults after a first allogeneic HSCT for AML. Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared the outcome of AML patients receiving a first allogeneic HSCT between 2005 and 2017 according to their age at transplantation’s time: children (<15 years, n=564), AYAs (15-25 years, n=647) and adults (26-40 years; n= 1434). Results: With a median follow-up of 4.37 years (min-max 0.18 – 14.73 years), the probability of 2 year-overall survival (OS) was 71.4% in children, 61.1% in AYAs and 62.9% in adults (p=0.0009 for intergroup difference). Both relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) Cumulative Incidence (CI) estimated at 2 years were different between the age groups (30.8% for children, 35.2% for AYAs and 29.4% for adults - p=0.0254, and 7.0% for children, 10.6% for AYAs and 14.2% for adults, p<0.0001; respectively). Whilst there was no difference between the 3 groups for grade I to IV acute GVHD CI at 3 months, the chronic GVHD CI at 2 years was higher in AYAs and adults (31.4% and 36.4%, respectively) in comparison to the children (17.5%) (p<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with death were AML cytogenetics (HR1.73 [1.29-2.32] for intermediate risk 1, HR 1.50 [1.13-2.01] for intermediate risk 2, HR 2.22 [1.70-2.89] for high cytogenetics risk compared to low risk), use of TBI ≥ 8 Grays (HR 1.33 [1.09-1.61]), disease status at transplant (HR 1.40 [1.10-1.78] for second Complete Remission (CR), HR 2.26 [1.02-4.98] for third CR and HR 3.07 [2.44-3.85] for active disease, compared to first CR), graft source (HR 1.26 [1.05-1.50] for Peripheral Blood Stem Cells compared to Bone Marrow) and donor age (HR 1.01 (1-1.02] by increase of one year). Conclusion: Age is an independent risk factor for NRM and extensive chronic GVHD. This study suggests that AYAs AML patients should be treated with chemotherapy-based MAC regimen and bone marrow as stem cells source.
All are equal, but some are more equal than others: Social determinants of leisure time physical activity through the lens of intersectionality
Authors: Mielke Gregore I , Malta Deborah C , Nunes Bruno , Cairney John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To date, no research has investigated social determinants of leisure time physical activity through the lens of intersectionality in a low- and middle-income country. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the intersectionality in leisure time physical activity in a nationwide sample of Brazilian adults.
Methods
Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2013 were analysed (N = 58,429). Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (150 + minutes per week in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) was estimated according to gender, racial identity, education and income, and according to multiple combinations of these sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., multiple jeopardy index).
Results
The prevalence of leisure time physical activity was 22.9% (95%CI: 22.3 to 23.6). Overall, the prevalence of leisure time physical activity was highest among men, individuals with white skin colour, and among those in the highest group of education and income. Among men, white, with a university degree and in the highest quartile of income (3% of the population), the prevalence of physical activity was 48%. Among non-white women with low education and low income (8.1% of the population), the prevalence of leisure time physical activity was 9.8%.
Conclusion
Informed by the theory of intersectionality, findings of this study have shown that intersections of gender, racial identity and socioeconomic position of the Brazilian society strongly influence leisure-time physical activity at the individual level. Targeted interventions to increase leisure-time physical activity should address the complexities of social status intersections.
Tocovid, a tocotrienol-rich vitamin E in preventing atrial fibrillation in post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery: A preliminary result
Authors: Musa Ahmad Farouk , Dillon Jeswant , T Mohamed Ezani Md , Yunus Alwi Mohamed , Sanusi Abdul Rais , Nordin Mohd Nazeri , Nordin Rusli Bin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with poor outcome, increased resource utilisation, morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis is initiated by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. It is hypothesised that a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent such as tocotrienol, an isomer of Vitamin E, could prevent POAF.Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether a potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, Tocovid, a tocotrienol-rich capsule, could reduce the incidence of POAF and affect the mortality and morbidity as well as the duration of ICU, HDU and hospital stay. Methods: This study was planned as a prospective, randomised, controlled trial with parallel groups. The control group received placebo containing palm superolein while the treatment group received Tocovid capsules. We investigated the incidence of POAF, the length of hospital stay (LoHS) after surgery and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: The recruitment started in January 2019 but the preliminary results are unblinded since the study is still ongoing. 202 patients have been recruited out of a target sample size of 250 as of January 2021. About 75% have completed the study and 6.4% were either lost during follow-up or withdrawn; 4% of them died. The mean age group was 61.44 ± 7.30 with no statistical difference between them, with males having a preponderance for AF. The incidence rate of POAF was 24.36% and the mean time for developing POAF was 55.38 ± 29.9 hours post-CABG. Obesity is not a predictive factor. No statistically significant difference was observed when comparing left atrial size, NYHA group, ejection fraction and the premorbid history. The mean cross-clamp time was 71 ± 34 minutes and the mean bypass time was 95 ± 46 minutes, with no statistical difference. There was a three-fold increase in death among patients with POAF (p=0.008) and an increase in the duration of ICU stay (p=0.01), the total duration of hospital stay (p=0.04) and reintubation (p=0.045).Conclusion: A relatively lower incidence rate of POAF was noted though the study is still ongoing. It remains to be seen if our prophylactic intervention using Tocovid would reduce the incidence of AF.
Conflict communications in modern media
Authors: Chumikov A. N. 
Published: July 2021

The author traces the dynamics of ideas about conflict communications in the media in the conditions of a revolutionary change in the information space. These changes are so global that they have led to the emergence of the term «mediatization of public life», which is defined as the process of creating virtual politics and economics and establishing a serious dependence of real spheres on their presentation in the media. In the context of the information and communication explosion, there is a phenomenon called «disappearance of fact», «meaning instead of fact», when the model of narrative presentation of facts is increasingly replaced by their interpretation and construction of meanings. The author notes that analysts are keen on fact-checking – methods of recognizing factoids, fakes; identifying other forms of manipulation of information. However, it is equally important not only to «expose» implicit influences, but also to understand that the so-called «manipulations» that characterize unacceptable methods in the media are becoming objectively inherent in media communications.Semantic interpretation of the received information and the confrontation of meanings become the inevitable and dominant forms of communication behavior in the media field of conflict. Semantic positioning involves the orientation of the audience on how to perceive this content, what it means now and in the future. In the framework of this process, according to the author, such a term as «relevance» is acceptable. It is necessary to rethink the content in the direction that is relevant for the subject of political communication, as well as to position the relevant information that does not contradict the legal acts of the state and the ethical standards of the professional community.