bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivalvular destruction as the primary presentation of aggressive infective endocarditis with subaortic valve membrane
Authors: Alshoabi Sultan Abdulwadoud , Aljaber Nouradden Noman , Gameraddin Mowia Bushra , Omer Awatef Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

Multivalvular destruction may be a clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis (IE), which is a devastating infection of the heart either alone or superimposed with congenital subaortic membrane as in this case report. Here, we report a case of multivavular destruction with severe vegetation presented as a manifestation of infective endocarditis (IE) in a neglected case of 18-year-old male with previous rheumatic heart disease. Transesophageal echocardiography is an important imaging modality for diagnosis of superimposed aortic and heart lesions. Early necessary investigation and correct diagnosis is mandatory to prevent bad complications.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2798
How to cite this:Alshoabi SA, Aljaber NN, Gameraddin MB, Omer AM. Multivalvular destruction as the primary presentation of aggressive infective endocarditis with subaortic valve membrane. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):600-604. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2798
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Enhancement of pyocyanin production by subinhibitory concentration of royal jelly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Amly Dina Auliya , Hajardhini Puspita , Jonarta Alma Linggar , Yulianto Heribertus Dedy Kusuma , Susilowati Heni 
Published: January 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterium, produces pyocyanin, a virulence factor associated with antibiotic tolerance. High concentrations of royal jelly have an antibacterial effect, which may have the potential to overcome antibacterial resistance. However, in some cases, antibiotic tolerance can occur due to prolonged stress of low-dose antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of royal jelly on bacterial growth and pyocyanin production of P. aeruginosa. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 10145™ and clinical isolates were cultured in BHI media for 18 hours followed by optical density measurements at 600 nm wavelength to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After 36 hours of incubation, pyocyanin production was observed by measuring the absorbance at 690 nm. Pyocyanin concentrations were calculated using extinction coefficient 4310 M-1cm-1. Results: Results of the MIC tests of both strains were 25%. The highest production of pyocyanin was observed in the subinhibitory concentration group 6.25%, which gradually decreased along with the decrease of royal jelly concentration. Results of one-way ANOVA tests differed significantly in pyocyanin production of the two strains between the royal jelly groups. Tukey HSD test showed concentrations of 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% significantly increased pyocyanin production of ATCC® 10145™, and the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% significantly increased production of the clinical isolates. Conclusions: This study concluded royal jelly concentrations of 25% or above could inhibit bacterial growth; however, only the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% could increase pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa, both in ATCC® 10145™ and clinical isolates. In conclusion, it is advisable to determine the appropriate concentration of royal jelly to obtain beneficial virulence inhibiting activity.
Always leave the audience wanting more: An entertaining approach to stimulate engagement with health research among publics in coastal Kenya through ‘Magnet Theatre’
Authors: Sanga Gladys , Jao Irene , Mumba Noni , Mwalukore Salim , Kamuya Dorcas , Davies Alun 
Published: January 2021

Background: Magnet Theatre (MT), a form of participatory community theatre, is one of several public engagement approaches used to facilitate engagement between KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) researchers and public audiences in Coastal Kenya. We describe how we used MT as an entertaining forum where audiences learn about research, and where researchers learn about how the public views research. Methods: Drama scripts depicting community interaction with different aspects of research were developed iteratively with research staff, a theatre company and community members. Six fortnightly theatre outreaches per site over two months, attracting a total of 1454 audience members were held in Mida, a rural village 30 km north of Kilifi; and in Mtwapa, a peri-urban town 45 km to the south. Audiences were presented with dramatized health research-related dilemmas and subsequently invited to enact their responses. Evaluation comprised, notes and observations from meetings, rehearsals and outreaches, transcripts from a review workshop with repeat audience members (n=21), a reflection meeting with KWTRP engagement staff (n=12), and a group discussion with the theatre company (n=9). Discussions were recorded, transcribed, translated to English and analysed using thematic approach. Results: Despite being costly in terms of time and expense, we argue that MT in public spaces can assist audience members to navigate ‘border-crossings’ between everyday contexts and scientific/research concepts. This can enable audiences to share their views and concerns and enact their responses to research-related dilemmas. Conclusions: While reporting on MT’s successes, drawing from literature on rumours, we acknowledge the limitations of individual engagement activities in providing long-term solutions to address alternative interpretations and rumours about research, in the context of local and global inequities. MT, however, presents an opportunity for researchers to express respect to public audiences through making research more accessible and providing opportunities to listen to public views and concerns.
O MÉTODO MULTITRAÇO-MULTIMÉTODO NA VALIDAÇÃO DE INSTRUMENTOS DE MEDIDA EM DIETA INFANTIL
Authors: Marchitto Rebeca Regly , Barros Maria Elisa , Lanzillotti Regina Serrão , Lanzillotti Haydée Serrão 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a validade convergente e discriminante de um questionário destinado a responsáveis pela alimentação da criança sobre a adoção do óleo vegetal in natura de acréscimo na dieta infantil como estratégia de aumento da densidade energética. Metodologia: Algoritmo Matriz Multitraço-Multimétodo (MTMM) tendo como entrada matrizes de correlação dos escores dos itens do questionário referentes a Escala Likert. Resultados: O estudo amostral transversal com 300 responsáveis pela alimentação de crianças menores de dois anos realizado nos ambulatórios de pediatria de uma operadora de planos de saúde (SJM) e da Policlínica Piquet Carneiro da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PPC). Os valores da matriz Multitraço-Monométodo foram considerados de significância aceitável para as duas Unidades de Saúde, mas ao agregá-las, há uma perda na qualidade inferencial das correlações, explicada pela diferença da estrutura funcional das unidades. A matriz de correlação Multitraço-Multimétodo apresentou um grande número de correlações fracas entre diferentes traços (itens) medidos em PPC/UERJ e SJM (método), variando de -0,20 a 0,20, o que corrobora a validade discriminante. As correlações na diagonal de validade convergente para a PPC/UERJ variaram de -0,41 a 0,36 até 0,79, o que denota validade convergente. De forma análoga, em SJM, as correlações variaram de -0,23 a 0,90, podendo-se inferir sobre o alcance desta validade. Conclusão: O instrumento proposto apresentou evidências de validade discriminante e convergente.
Should ascorbic acid be a primary therapy for sepsis in prehospital settings?
Authors: Law Adam 
Published: January 2021

Background: Prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) are believed to be responsible for the initial treatment of 68 000 septic patients annually in the UK, 88% of whom have severely low ascorbic acid levels, which can lead to organ dysfunction, increasing the likelihood of mortality. Objective: This review aims to determine if early therapeutic use of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) could reduce the deterioration of septic patients and therefore overall mortality. Method: A literature review was conducted using the mySearch, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Each was systematically searched for human studies that addressed the use of ascorbic acid as a primary method of treatment during varying stages of sepsis and whether it reduced associated mortality. Studies not published in English or that were more the 5 years old at the time were excluded. The quality of evidence in the remaining articles were appraised using the GRADE method and further assessed for quality with an adjusted Downs and Black scoring tool. Results: Nineteen articles were found, three of which met the inclusion criteria. All addressed the use of ascorbic acid as a therapy in the treatment of sepsis; none were conducted in a prehospital setting. Conclusion: Intravenous ascorbic acid appears to be a safe and effective therapy in treating septic patients, with the potential to reduce mortality rates if given prophylactically. However, a series of clinical trials would need to be conducted to measure the extent of any improvement and therefore clinical value in the prehospital environment.
Dermatology prescribing update: eczema
Authors: Van Onselen Julie 
Published: January 2021

Eczema is usually managed in primary care. Julie Van Onselen provides an overview of the principles of eczema treatment Eczema is a common skin condition, which for the majority is managed in primary care. Nurse prescribers should be aware of evidence–based guidelines in eczema treatment, on which they need to base prescribing decisions and work with the patient on individual skin care plans. Education and support in managing eczema is essential for patients of all ages (and carers of children and older people). Eczema has a huge impact on quality of life but a good management plan can make a big difference to controlling eczema, which is a chronic condition. This article explains the principles of eczema treatments, in acute, sub-acute and chronic stages of eczema with emollients, topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antimicrobials and antivirals, topical calcineurin inhibitors and antihistamines.
Efficient 0.75-mJ 100-kHz ultraviolet pulsed laser based on a rod-type photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Cha Yong-Ho , Kim Su-Won , Shin Jae-Heon , Kim Jeong-Mook 
Published: January 2021

We have developed a high-power ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond-pulsed laser based on a rod-type photonic crystal fiber. The UV pulse energy and the pulse repetition rate are 0.75 mJ and 100 kHz, respectively, yielding 75-W UV average power. The temporal pulse shape and the linewidth of a 1030-nm seed laser are optimized for efficient third-harmonic generation, and the high conversion efficiency of 50% is achieved with a good beam quality (

M

2

∼

1.2

). To our knowledge, this is the highest UV pulse energy from fiber lasers.
James Benning’s Environments: Politics, Ecology, Duration, Nikolaj Lübecker and Daniele Rugo (eds) (2017 h/bk, 2019 p/bk)
Authors: Davis Glyn 
Published: January 2021

Review of: James Benning’s Environments: Politics, Ecology, Duration, Nikolaj Lübecker and Daniele Rugo (eds) (2017 h/bk, 2019 p/bk)
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47441-794-5, h/bk, £75.00,
ISBN 978-1-47443-173-6, p/bk, £19.99
The genus Stipa (Poaceae) in the Altai Krai: taxonomy and distribution
Authors: Gudkova Polina D. , Korolyuk Andrey Yu. , Ryzhakova Daria D. , Kriuchkova Elisaveta A. , Nobis Marchin 
Published: January 2021

Over the past two centuries, Altai krai, located in the southeastern part of Western Siberia, has undergone significant transformation as a result of the virgin lands development. The vast even territories of the krai, formerly occupied by steppes dominated by the feather grass, are now almost completely plowed up. Many types of steppe communities, as well as plant species associated with them, have become rare. This paper presents the results of the taxonomic revision of the genus Stipa. The genus has a high conservation value and seven of twelve feather grass species growing in the studied area are listed in the “Red Book of Altai Krai”. Based on the revision of the herbarium collections stored in ALTB, LE, NS, NSK, TK and the authors’ collections, a checklist of the genus Stipa in Altai krai and an illustrated identification key were compiled. The synopsis for each species contains a nomenclature name, a brief description, a note on taxonomy, flowering period and typical habitats. In addition, it presents the distribution of species in the territory of the krai in the form of an administrative districts list and point maps. A new record of S. sareptana species, new for Altai krai and Western Siberia, was found while the presence of S. baicalensis was not confirmed. Additionally, lectotype of S. praecapillata is also here designated.
On taxonomic status of two species of orchids (Orchidaceae) from Turkmenistan
Authors: Fateryga Alexander V. , Pavlenko Alexander V. , Fateryga Valentina V. 
Published: January 2021

The orchid genera Epipactis Zinn and Ophrys L. are well-known by their complicated taxonomy and extensive debates over species richness within them. These genera are represented in Turkmenistan by two species each. Two of them, namely E. turcomanica K. P. Popov et Neshat. and O. kopetdagensis K. P. Popov et Neshat., were hitherto accepted as species endemic to Turkmenistan. In the present paper, these taxa are synonymized with broadly distributed E. persica (Soó) Hausskn. ex Nannf. and O. oestrifera M. Bieb., respectively. Thus, the genus Epipactis is represented in Turkmenistan by E. persica and E. veratrifolia Boiss. et Hohen., and the genus Ophrys is represented by O. mammosa Desf. and O. oestrifera. There are no species of orchids endemic to Turkmenistan.
Flavius Areobindus – wódz jednej wojny
Authors: Leszka Mirosław 
Published: January 2021

Artykuł poświęcony został Flavius Areobindus, przedstawicielowi wojskowej arystokracji ostatnich dekad V i pierwszych VI w., magistrowi militum per Orientem i konsulowi roku 506. Areobindus pojawia się wyraźniej na kartach źródeł jedynie w kontekście wojny bizantyńsko-perskiej z lat 503–505. Wzmiankowany jest również w związku z wydarzeniami rozgrywającymi się na tle religijnym w Konstantynopolu w listopadzie 512 r. Został wówczas, bez żadnego zresztą własnego udziału, wskazany przez buntujących się przeciw cesarzowi Anastazjuszowi, jako kandydat do cesarskiego tronu. Był mężem Anicji Juliany, jednej z najwybitniejszych kobiet wczesnego Bizancjum.
CZEGO PRAGNĄ PRZYSZLI FILOLODZY... WYNIKI BADANIA PILOTAŻOWEGO NA TEMAT ŚWIADOMOŚCI WYBORU I OCZEKIWAŃ STUDENTÓW FILOLOGII
Authors: Smuk Maciej 
Published: January 2021

The main of this article is to present the results of a pilot study carried out among 476 students of selected foreign languages at Warsaw University. The research covered the following issues: (1) students’ interest in various courses included in philology studies (literature, linguistics, foreign language didactics, etc.); (2) the dominant motivation for undertaking philological studies and (3) students’ initial career plans. The research is diagnostic and descriptive and it will be continued at over a dozen Polish universities. The main goal of this project is to build a social representation of foreign language studies in Poland today. The Polish Association of Modern Languages (PTN) is a patron of the study.
Chemical composition and study on liquefaction optimization of chestnut shells
Authors: Cruz-Lopes Luísa P. , Domingos Idalina , Ferreira José , Esteves Bruno 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chestnut shell (CS) is a by-product of some food sector companies. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of this material to be liquefied with polyalcohols, optimizing the main liquefaction parameters in order to use the liquefied material for the production of high added value products. As the chemical composition of the fruit shell depends on the variation in the soil, climate, and species, the chemical composition of CS was determined. Liquefaction was performed with 50:50 ethyleneglycol:glycerol catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Different tests were carried out and several parameters were tested: particle size, temperature 130–190°C, and time 15–120 min. Chemical composition of CSs was determined. The main component found was lignin with 47.0%, which is higher than α-cellulose with around 20.5%, hemicelluloses 15.2%, and extractives in ethanol 8.8%. For the tested parameters, the best liquefaction yield was obtained at 190°C, 30 min, and a 40–60 particle size.
Participants with mild, moderate, or severe pain following total hip arthroplasty. A sub-study of the PANSAID trial on paracetamol and ibuprofen for postoperative pain treatment
Authors: Issa Luma Mahmoud , Thybo Kasper Højgaard , Hägi-Pedersen Daniel , Wetterslev Jørn , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Overgaard Søren , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this sub-study of the ‘Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Combination’ (PANSAID) trial, in which participants were randomised to one of four different non-opioids analgesic regimen consisting of paracetamol, ibuprofen, or a combination of the two after planned primary total hip arthroplasty, our aims were to investigate the distribution of participants’ pain (mild, moderate or severe), integrate opioid use and pain to a single score (Silverman Integrated Approach (SIA)-score), and identify preoperative risk factors for severe pain.

Methods
We calculated the proportions of participants with mild (VAS 0–30 mm), moderate (VAS 31–60 mm) or severe (VAS 61–100 mm) pain and the SIA-scores (a sum of rank-based percentage differences from the mean rank in pain scores and opioid use, ranging from −200 to 200%). Using logistic regression with backwards elimination, we investigated the association between severe pain and easily obtainable preoperative patient characteristics.

Results
Among 556 participants from the modified intention-to-treat population, 33% (95% CI: 26–42) (Group Paracetamol + Ibuprofen (PCM + IBU)), 28% (95% CI: 21–37) (Group Paracetamol (PCM)), 23% (95% CI: 17–31) (Group Ibuprofen (IBU)), and 19% (95% CI: 13–27) (Group Half Strength-Paracetamol + Ibuprofen (HS-PCM + IBU)) experienced mild pain 6 h postoperatively during mobilisation. Median SIA-scores during mobilisation were: Group PCM + IBU: −48% (IQR: −112 to 31), Group PCM: 40% (IQR: −31 to 97), Group IBU: −5% (IQR: −57 to 67), and Group HS-PCM + IBU: 6% (IQR: −70 to 74) (overall difference: p=0.0001). Use of analgesics before surgery was the only covariate associated with severe pain (non-opioid: OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29–0.82, weak opioid 0.56, 95% CI: 0.28–1.16, reference no analgesics before surgery, p=0.02).

Conclusions
Only one third of participants using paracetamol and ibuprofen experienced mild pain after total hip arthroplasty and even fewer experienced mild pain using each drug alone as basic non-opioid analgesic treatment. We were not able, in any clinically relevant way, to predict severe postoperative pain. A more extensive postoperative pain regimen than paracetamol, ibuprofen and opioids may be needed for a large proportion of patients having total hip arthroplasty. SIA-scores integrate pain scores and opioid use for the individual patient and may add valuable information in acute pain research.
Exploring peoples’ lived experience of complex regional pain syndrome in Australia: a qualitative study
Authors: Beales Darren , Carolan David , Chuah-Choong Joshua , Hammond Sarah , O’Brien Eimear , Boyle Eileen , Ranelli Sonia , Holthouse David , Mitchell Tim , Slater Helen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a persistent pain condition which is often misunderstood and poorly managed. Qualitative studies are needed to explore the lived experience of the condition and to better understand patient perspectives on their management experiences and needs. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of CRPS in Australia, including exploration of their perceptions of care and advice received from healthcare professionals.

Methods
A qualitative study with individual in-depth semi-structured, face-to-face interviews was performed (n=15, 80% female, average time elapsed since diagnosis 3.8 years). Qualitative data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.

Results
Four main themes with associated subthemes were identified, representing the participants’ journey: (1) Life Changing Impact of CRPS (Subthemes: Impact on self, Impact on others); (2) Variable Experiences of Care (Subthemes: Helpful experiences of care, Unhelpful experiences of care); (3) Making Sense of CRPS (Subthemes: Knowledge and understanding, Dealing with unpredictability); and (4) Perceptions on Lessons Learned from Living with CRPS (Subthemes: Acceptance was an important part of the journey, Trial and error was necessary to find an individual way forward, Coping strategies).

Conclusions
The themes identified align to and expand on prior qualitative research findings in people with CRPS. It highlights the challenges people face related to their personal self, their close relationships and their social and work roles. It highlights the difficulties these people have in finding reliable, trust-worthy information. These findings suggest that healthcare professionals may benefit from education about how to better support people with CRPS, including helping people to navigate to the right care. Engaging people with CRPS in the development of educational resources should be a future research goal. It is recommended that patient perspectives are incorporated into the development of care pathways for CRPS.
Pituitary haemorrhage and infarction: the spectrum of disease
Authors: Iqbal Fizzah , Adams William , Dimitropoulos Ioannis , Muquit Samiul , Flanagan Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Background
Pituitary apoplexy is an acute syndrome of haemorrhage or infarction into the pituitary. The condition is relatively well-described. Less well-described is sub-acute presentation of the same condition.

Objective
To compare the clinical presentation and natural history of subacute pituitary haemorrhage/infarction with pituitary apoplexy (acute).

Method
Retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of 55 patients (33 with pituitary apoplexy, 22 with subacute disease) presenting to University Hospital Plymouth between 1994 and 2019. Comparison of the clinical, endocrinological and radiological features at presentation. Comparison of clinical treatment and subsequent outcomes for the two groups.

Results
There were no significant differences in predisposing factors for the two groups. Acute headache was more frequent in the acute group. Chronic headache was common in both groups prior to presentation. Low sodium was more common at presentation in the acute group (11/26 vs 2/19 P = 0.02) otherwise there were no differences in endocrine deficit at presentation. A significant proportion showed an improvement in endocrine function at follow up (acute 8/31, subacute 5/21 P = 1.0). MRI characteristics were variable at presentation and follow up in both groups. Ring enhancement with contrast was more frequent in acute (14/20 vs 3/11 P = 0.03). This appearance resolved at follow up in the majority.

Conclusions
Pituitary apoplexy has a characteristic and dramatic presentation. Subacute pituitary haemorrhage/infarction shows similar natural history and outcome. These conditions would appear to represent a spectrum of the same condition.