bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotionality and Change
Authors: Huy Quy Nguyen , Vuori Timo O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Incorporating emotions into our theorizing on change is important because emotional perspectives explain dynamics that cannot be easily explained with purely cognitive or structural theories. At the individual level, people take various actions, such as eating unhealthy food or shouting at their spouse, due to an emotional impulse, even though they are cognitively aware of their harmful consequences. At the organizational level, communication patterns between different organizational groups can be influenced by how the groups feel toward one another, rather than by rational considerations of what is best for the organization as a whole or even in the best interests of a particular group (e.g., Vuori and Huy 2016a). The goal of the research on emotionality and change is to increase understanding of how change triggers emotions and how those emotions influence change-related behaviors and influence change outcomes. The practical benefit of such a theory is that it helps leaders to manage change in ways that generate change-enabling rather than change-resisting emotions.
Organizational Identity and Culture Change
Authors: Ravasi Davide , Schultz Majken 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, we build on research on the interplay between organizational culture and identity to propose a teleological model of culture change that acknowledges the multiple ways in which organizational identity may influence the process. Based on prior studies, we identify three change pathways. The first is characterized by the use of new identity claims to consolidate new and emerging practices, and incorporate them into the organizational culture. The second acknowledges how members may be pushed to alter established cultural practices by a severe misalignment between image and identity. The third draws attention to the role of new identity claims, articulating a new vision for the distant future, to stimulate the incorporation of new elements in the organizational culture.
Social preferences correlate with cortical thickness of the orbito-frontal cortex
Authors: Fariña Andrea , Rojek-Giffin Michael , Gross Jörg , De Dreu Carsten K W 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHumans differ in their preferences for personal rewards, fairness and others’ welfare. Such social preferences predict trust, public goods provision and mutual gains bargaining and have been linked to neural activity in regions involved in reward computation, cognitive control and perspective-taking. Although shaped by culture, social preferences are relatively stable across time, raising the question whether differences in brain anatomy predict social preferences and their key components—concern for personal outcomes and concern for others’ outcomes. Here, we examine this possibility by linking social preferences measured with incentivized economic games to 74 cortical parcels in 194 healthy humans. Neither concerns for personal outcomes nor concerns for the outcomes of others in isolation were related to anatomical differences. However, fitting earlier findings, social preferences positively scaled with cortical thickness in the left olfactory sulcus, a structure in the orbital frontal cortex previously shown to be involved in value-based decision-making. Consistent with work showing that heavier usage corresponds to larger brain volume, findings suggest that pro-social preferences relate to cortical thickness in the left olfactory sulcus because of heavier reliance on the orbital frontal cortex during social decision-making.
Lumbar Thecal Sac Dimensions and Axial Spinal Cord Areas on Magnetic Resosnace Imaging in 626 Healthy Subjects
Authors: Nakashima Hiroaki , Ito Keigo , Katayama Yoshito , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Tsushima Mikito , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Machino Masaaki , Imagama Shiro 
Published: June 2021

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the lumbar thecal sac dimensions and spinal cord area on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in healthy volunteers.

Summary of Background Data.
There are few reports regarding lumbar spine MRI in healthy subjects, and the difference in spinal canal dimensions by age remains unclear.

Methods.
A total of 629 healthy volunteers were enrolled, including ≥50 males, females, and subjects in each of the 20s to 70s age decades. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the thecal sac and axial areas of the thecal sac and spinal cord were measured at the disc levels on T2-weighted axial MR images. The anteroposterior-to-transverse ratio of the thecal sac (APTR) was calculated.

Results.
The thecal sac area from T12/L1 to L4/5 was reduced in older age group, but there was no significant difference in L5/S1. The thecal sac area was significantly reduced in older age group: 89.9%, 86.0%, 84.6%, 80.3% at T12/L1, L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4, respectively, and 79.9% at L4/5 in subjects in their 70 s relative to that in subjects in their 20 s. The APTR was significantly reduced in older age group from T11/12 to L2/L3 in males and at T10/11, L3/4 and from T11/12 to L2/3 in females. Narrow thecal sac areas <80 mm2 were found in 10 subjects. The spinal cord area was significantly reduced in older age group at T10/11 in males and at T9/10, T10/11, and T11/12 in females. The area was 92.0% at T10/11 in subjects in their 70s relative to the area of subjects in their 20s.

Conclusion.
The thecal sac area was reduced in older age group from T12/L1 to L4/5, and the thecal sac area was reduced in the anteroposterior and all directions in the upper and lower lumbar area in age group, respectively. Approximately, 3.0% of healthy population in their 50s or older will have severe asymptomatic stenosis.

Level of Evidence: 2
Epidemiological and Clinical Characterization of Superinfections in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Signorini Liana , Moioli Giovanni , Calza Stefano , Van Hauwermeiren Evelyn , Lorenzotti Silvia , Del Fabro Giovanni , Renisi Giulia , Lanza Paola , Saccani Barbara , Zambolin Giulia , Latronico Nicola , Castelli Francesco , Cattaneo Sergio , Marshall John C. , Matteelli Alberto , Piva Simone 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the epidemiology of superinfections (occurring > 48 hr after hospital admission) and their impact on the ICU and 28-day mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring mechanical ventilation.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data.

SETTING:
University-affiliated adult ICU.

PATIENTS:
Ninety-two coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU from February 21, 2020, to May 6, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The prevalence of superinfection at ICU admission was 21.7%, and 53 patients (57.6%) had at least one superinfection during ICU stay, with a total of 75 (82%) ventilator-associated pneumonia and 57 (62%) systemic infections. The most common pathogens responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26, 34.7%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 14, 18.7%). Bloodstream infection occurred in 16 cases, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 8, 14.0%), Enterococcus species (n = 6, 10.5%), and Streptococcus species (n = 2, 3.5%). Fungal infections occurred in 41 cases, including 36 probable (30 by Candida albicans, six by C. nonalbicans) and five proven invasive candidiasis (three C. albicans, two C. nonalbicans). Presence of bacterial infections (odds ratio, 10.53; 95% CI, 2.31–63.42; p = 0.005), age (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.31; p = 0.001), and the highest Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06–1.63; p = 0.032) were independently associated with ICU or 28-day mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
Prevalence of superinfections in coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation was high in this series, and bacterial superinfections were independently associated with ICU or 28-day mortality (whichever comes first).
Carotid Doppler Measurement Variability in Functional Hemodynamic Monitoring: An Analysis of 17,822 Cardiac Cycles
Authors: Kenny Jon-Émile S. , Barjaktarevic Igor , Mackenzie David C. , Elfarnawany Mai , Math Zhen Yang B. , Eibl Andrew M. , Eibl Joseph K. , Kim Chul Ho , Johnson Bruce D. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Carotid Doppler ultrasound is used as a measure of fluid responsiveness, however, assessing change with statistical confidence requires an adequate beat sample size. The coefficient of variation helps quantify the number of cardiac cycles needed to adequately detect change during functional hemodynamic monitoring.

DESIGN:
Prospective, observational, human model of hemorrhage and resuscitation.

SETTING:
Human physiology laboratory at Mayo Clinic.

SUBJECTS:
Healthy volunteers.

INTERVENTIONS:
Lower body negative pressure.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We measured the coefficient of variation of the carotid artery velocity time integral and corrected flow time during significant cardiac preload changes. Seventeen-thousand eight-hundred twenty-two cardiac cycles were analyzed. The median coefficient of variation of the carotid velocity time integral was 8.7% at baseline and 11.9% during lowest-tolerated lower body negative pressure stage. These values were 3.6% and 4.6%, respectively, for the corrected flow time.

CONCLUSIONS:
The median coefficient of variation values measured in this large dataset indicates that at least 6 cardiac cycles should be averaged before and after an intervention when using the carotid artery as a functional hemodynamic measure.
Cutting Edge: Novel Treatment Options Targeting Corneal Neovascularization to Improve High-Risk Corneal Graft Survival
Authors: Cursiefen Claus , Hos Deniz 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Corneal neovascularization is an important risk factor for graft rejection after keratoplasty, although its role in posterior lamellar keratoplasty is not yet well defined. The aim of this work was to describe clinically available approaches that target corneal neovascularization preoperatively to improve graft survival after subsequent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and to present findings on Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in eyes with neovascularization.

Methods:
Recent work on the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, fine needle diathermy (FND), and corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) to regress corneal neovascularization before PK is summarized. Furthermore, studies that have investigated the outcome of DMEK in vascularized eyes are presented.

Results:
Pretreatment of recipient corneas with FND combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents is an effective method to reduce long-standing corneal neovascularization and results in relatively low rejection rates after subsequent high-risk PK. Peripheral CXL also seems to be a potent method to regress corneal neovascularization, although data on the impact of pretransplant CXL on long-term graft survival are not yet available. There are only limited data on graft rejection rates after DMEK in vascularized eyes, but initial studies indicate that DMEK seems to be a viable therapeutic option when no stromal scars are present. Furthermore, preexisting stromal neovascularization seems to regress after high-risk DMEK.

Conclusions:
Several angioregressive strategies to treat corneal neovascularization before PK have entered the clinic with promising initial results, which warrants larger trials with longer follow-up. Studies will also have to define the precise role of preexisting corneal neovascularization in high-risk DMEK.
Direct oral anticoagulant use in special populations
Authors: Lamarche Michelle C. , Alrajhi Eman , Wells Philip S. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
The pivotal phase III trials demonstrating efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) excluded patients with important and common comorbidities, including obesity, advanced chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, cancer and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Despite the lack of large prospective randomized control trials in these patient populations, the use of DOACs has led to a wealth of efficacy and safety data within these groups.

Recent findings
Retrospective studies, meta-analyses, national databases and pharmacokinetic data have shed light on the efficacy and safety of DOACs in these patient populations. Although DOACs should be avoided in those with high-risk triple positive antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, advanced cirrhosis, advanced kidney disease and intact gastrointestinal cancers, and used with caution in genitourinary cancers, their use extends beyond the inclusion criteria of the initial randomized control trials.

Summary
DOACs have revolutionized anticoagulant management and have become the cornerstone for VTE treatment and stroke prevention in NVAF. The decision to use DOACs must be individualized. Patient preference, underlying comorbidities and informed consent must always be considered when selecting the most appropriate anticoagulant.
Effect of aprepitant on kynurenine to tryptophan ratio in cART treated and cART naïve adults living with HIV
Authors: Spitsin Sergei , Pappa Vasiliki , Kinder Annemarie , Evans Dwight L. , Rappaport Jay , Douglas Steven D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Changes in tryptophan metabolism affect human physiology including the immune system, mood, and sleep and are associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis. This study investigates whether the treatment of HIV-infected individuals with the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, alters tryptophan metabolism.
This study utilized archival samples from 3 phase 1B clinical trials “Anti-HIV Neuroimmunomodulatory Therapy with Neurokinin-1 Antagonist Aprepitant”-2 double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and 1 open-label study. We tested samples from a total of 57 individuals: 26 combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) naïve individuals receiving aprepitant, 19 cART naïve individuals receiving placebo, and 12 individuals on a ritonavir-containing cART regimen receiving aprepitant. We evaluated the effect of aprepitant on tryptophan metabolism by measuring levels of kynurenine and tryptophan in archival plasma samples and calculating the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio.
Aprepitant treatment affected tryptophan metabolism in both cART treated and cART naïve individuals with more profound effects in patients receiving cART. While aprepitant treatment affected tryptophan metabolism in all HIV-infected patients, it only significantly decreased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio in cART treated individuals. Aprepitant treatment offers an opportunity to target inflammation and mood disorders frequently co-existing in chronic HIV infection.
A comparison of the effects of fire needle and routine acupuncture for myofascitis
Authors: Xiong Wei , Cheng Ling , Zhong Zhiying , Hou Xinju , Zhu Manhua , Zhou Xingchen , Zhu Siyuan , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Myofascitis is a common disease in clinic. The main cause of the disease is aseptic inflammation of local muscles and connective tissues such as myofascial, which can be manifested as paralysis, distension, and other discomfort, local muscle stiffness, spasm or palpable strain-like nodules. Chinese medicine ascribes it to “bi disease” and “Arthralgia disease,” while Western medicine believes that the disease is mainly due to local muscle and fascia edema and exudation caused by trauma or long-term strain, forcing nerves to jam and producing pain and other abnormal feelings. Although the disease is not life-threatening, the pain and distension caused by local inflammatory stimuli can affect the patient's daily life and sleep quality. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of fire needle vs routine acupuncture in the treatment of myofascitis.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) of fire needle vs routine acupuncture for myofascial inflammation will be comprehensively searched from inception to September 2020 on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP (CQVIP), and Wanfang. Additionally, RCT registered sites, including http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov and http://www.chictr.org.cn, also will be the search. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to score the pain before and after treatment. The primary outcome will be to compare the difference in pain scores between the 2 interventions. Two independent authors filtered the literature in the above database, extracted the data, and cross-checked it.

Results:
This study will offer a reasonable comprehensive evidence for the treatment of myofascitis with fire needle.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study will provide evidence to judge the effectiveness of fire needle on myofascitis.

Registration number:
INPLASY202080034.
Acupoint injection combined with pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of postpartum pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Zheng Ying , Yang Hongying , Yin Xunfu , Ma Xiujuan , Guo Llihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Female pelvic floor dysfunction is one of the common chronic diseases affecting women's physical and mental health. Pregnancy and delivery are one of the main causes. Pelvic floor rehabilitation is a common method for the treatment of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction, but it has some defects. Acupoint injection has advantages in the treatment of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction, but there is a lack of standard clinical research to verify it. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint injection combined with pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of postpartum pelvic floor disorders.

Methods:
This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy and safety of acupoints injection combined with pelvic floor rehabilitation. And it is approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of our hospital. Patients were randomly divided into observation group (acupoint injection combined with pelvic floor rehabilitation group) or control group (pelvic floor rehabilitation group alone). The patients were followed up for 8 weeks after 12 weeks of treatment. The observation indexes included: pelvic organ prolapse degree, pelvic floor muscle strength, urinary incontinence score, adverse reactions, among others. Data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS version 18.0.

Conclusions:
This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint injection combined with pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction, and provide reliable reference for the clinical application of this project.

Trial registration:
OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VC65Z
Anlotinib, a novel TKI, as a third-line or further-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in China
Authors: Ye Haiyong , Li Zhaoyi , Liu Kangning , Zhang Feng , Cheng Zhengliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
In this meta-analysis and systemic review, we focused on the effectiveness and safety of anlotinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).

Methods:
The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and CBM were searched by 2 investigators up to April 2020. Titles and abstracts of all records were screened and eligible publications were retrieved in full. Review Manager (version 5.2, Cochrane Library) was used for data analysis. The outcomes of interest were disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse event (TRAE). Data was pooled for quantitative analysis and the effect size was reported as hazard ratio for survival outcomes and odds ratio (OR) for safety outcomes, both with a random-effects model.

Results:
A sum of 1480 patients were included in 11 trials ranging from 2018 to 2020. Substantial improvements of PFS, OS, and DCR were observed in patients treated with anlotinib alone or in combination with other conventional treatment. Accompanied TRAE included statistically significant higher risk for hypertension (OR = 11.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.85–15.55, P < .001), hepatic dysfunction (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.29–2.68, P < .001), diarrhea (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.17–4.16, P < .05), and hemoptysis (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.71–3.93, P < .01).

Conclusions:
Our study suggested that anlotinib as maintenance therapy for advanced NSCLC patients is associated with prolonged PFS and OS as well as DCR improvement, but it was accompanied by increased risk of TRAE, such as hypertension, hepatic dysfunction, diarrhea and hemoptysis. Although much effort has been made to clinical trials of anlotinib, further studies are warranted to provide more convincing evidence.
Risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory failure in tuberculous empyema patients
Authors: Ruan Hongyun , Liu FangChao , Gong Changfan , Yang Xinting , Han Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Our objective was to identify independent risk factors for predicting which patients in the Chinese population would likely develop respiratory failure.
A descriptive analysis was conducted of demographic and clinical data of patients with tuberculous empyema (TE) admitted to the Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2001 and January 2020. Risk factors associated with postsurgical respiratory failure in TE patients were identified based on results of analyses based on univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.
A total of 139 TE patients who underwent surgical treatment in the Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2001 to January 2020 were enrolled in this study. Cases included 109 male and 30 female patients, with an overall mean age (range 17–73) of 39.3 years. Of 139 TE patients, 26 (18.7%) experienced respiratory failure after surgery. Among significant risk factors for postsurgical respiratory failure, intraoperative blood loss volume greater than 1000 mL had the highest odds ratio value of 6.452. In addition, a pathologic preoperative pulmonary function test result showing a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide level was an independent risk factor for respiratory failure. Moreover, the presence of tuberculosis lesions in the contralateral lung was another significant risk factor for respiratory failure, as determined using multivariate analysis.
Respiratory failure is a predominant complication experienced by TE patients undergoing surgery. High intraoperative blood loss, high preoperative high partial pressure of carbon dioxide level, and tuberculosis lesion(s) in the contralateral lung of TE patients were associated with increased risk of postoperative respiratory failure.