bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The menopausal transition in Mongolia
Authors: Bayanjargal Oyuntuya , Namsrai Zolzaya , Sievert Lynnette Leidy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this cross-sectional pilot study was to develop a preliminary understanding of how menopause is experienced by Mongolian women. Our goals were to collect symptoms associated with the end of menstruation and to understand the language used and meaning of menopause in everyday life.

Methods:
We carried out interviews using a semistructured questionnaire with open-ended questions (n = 17). In the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, we carried out two focus groups of five women each in a community center and an artisan factory, along with five separate interviews in a second community center and a coffee shop. We also administered the questionnaire by phone to two women residing in rural villages.

Results:
The most common symptoms associated with the end of menstruation were hot flashes (71%), anger (47%), and stress (29%). Other symptoms included shortness of breath, fatigue, crying, and badairakh (tingling) on the face. Women used the words tsevershilt and tsevershikh to describe cleansing. Menstruation was thought to rid the body of “bad” blood, so with menopause the body has been “cleaned.” Conversely, some women attributed a decline in health, including varicose veins, diabetes, and negative psychological changes, to the retention of “bad” blood after menopause.

Conclusions:
The topic of menopause is not taboo, and the prevalence and experience of hot flashes is similar to experiences described across the world. However, there are specific words and concepts, such as tsevershikh and tsevershilt, that are uniquely applied to the menopausal transition in Mongolia.
Do Dedicated Research Years during Medical School Predict Academic Productivity during Residency?
Authors: Applebaum Sarah A. , Stoehr Jenna R. , Bacos Jonathan T. , Vaca Elbert E. , Lopez Joseph , Chu Yuyang , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Evidence regarding whether medical school research portends resident research is limited. This information will provide program directors with data that may be useful for selecting applicants with a commitment to continued academic productivity.

Methods:
A questionnaire distributed via the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Council to residents in 44 plastic surgery training programs in May 2020 assessed participation in dedicated research years during medical school, the number of publications completed before residency, and the total number of publications by each resident at the time of the survey. One-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis determined significant associations between publication count and number of research years.

Results:
Of the 256 included respondents, 203 did not complete a research year during medical school, 44 completed 1 research year, and nine completed 2 research years. Mean publications before residency were higher for participants who took 1 or 2 research years (9.88 and 27.60, respectively) compared with those who did not (4.83, P < 0.001). A comparison of total publications during residency similarly revealed increased productivity by individuals who took 1 or more research years; however, there was no difference between the number of publications completed during residency for individuals who took 1 versus 2 years (P = 0.23).

Conclusions:
Residents with research experience during medical school continue to produce an increased number of publications during residency compared with those without, suggesting dedicated research years taken during medical school serve as a predictor of academic productivity in plastic surgery residents.
A Three-dimensionally Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Model for the Reduction of Nasomaxillary Fracture
Authors: Ikebe Shohei , Niimi Yosuke , Hasegawa Yuki , Kamei Wataru , Hori Keijiro , Masamune Ken , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
The successful reduction of a nasomaxillary fracture was performed using a three-dimensional printed model. A 16-year-old boy was struck in the left orbit by a baseball; subsequently, he was diagnosed with the nasal bone fracture at a hospital, and was referred to the authors’ department. A left nasomaxillary fracture and nasal bone fracture were diagnosed by computed tomography. Standard triangulated language data for the mirror image of the frontal process of the right maxilla were obtained from digital imaging and communications in medicine data for preparing a three-dimensional printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene model. On postinjury day 13, the frontal process fracture was reduced via transconjunctival and intraoral approaches. After the reduction of the fracture, an absorbable plate fitting to the shape of three-dimensional printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene model was molded, and the maxillary frontal process and infraorbital rim were reduced and fixed with an absorbable plate and screws. Postoperative computed tomography demonstrated a favorable reduction. The intraoperative use of the 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene model was helpful in the nasomaxillary fracture reduction and fixation.
Regionalization of congenital cardiac surgical care: what it will take
Authors: Ghandour Hiba Z. , Vervoort Dominique , Welke Karl F. , Karamlou Tara 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Decentralized, inconsistent healthcare delivery results in variable outcomes and wastes nearly one trillion dollars annually in the United States (US). Congenital heart surgery (CHS) is not immune due to high, variable costs and inconsistent outcomes across hospitals. Many European countries and Canada have addressed these issues by regionalizing CHS. Centralizing resources lowers costs, reduces in-hospital mortality and improves long-term survival. Although the impact on travel distance for patients is limited, the effect on healthcare disparities requires study. This review summarizes current data and integrates these into paths to regionalization through health policy, research, and academic collaboration.

Recent findings
There are too many CHS programs in the US with unnecessarily high densities of centers in certain regions. This distribution lowers center and surgeon case volumes, creates redundancy, and increases variation in costs and outcomes. Simultaneously, adhering to suboptimal allocation impedes the understanding of optimal regionalization models to optimize congenital cardiac care delivery.

Summary
CHS regionalization models developed for the US increase surgeon and center volume, decrease healthcare spending, and improve patient outcomes without substantially increasing travel distance. Regionalization in countries with few or no existing CHS programs is yet to be explored, but may be associated with more efficient spending and procedural complexity expansion.
Secular trends in blood pressure trajectories in Chinese children and adolescents: the impact of changing physical growth
Authors: Gao Mingyue , Wells Jonathan C.K. , Li Leah 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Globally, 80% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur in low-income /middle-income countries. High blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor for CVD, has its origins in early-life. We investigated how age trajectories of BP (childhood to late-adolescence) have changed recently in China and the mediating roles of physical growth.

Methods:
Using the longitudinal data on 3785 children from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015, we estimated mean BP trajectories (7–18 years) for cohorts born in 1981–1985, 1986–1990, 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 using random effect models. Models were adjusted for BMI and/or height growth to assess their impact on BP trends.

Results:
BP trajectories shifted upwards across cohorts. Compared with the earliest cohort, mean BP was higher in the latest cohort throughout childhood to late adolescence. For example, the increment in SBP was 4.4 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 2.9–5.8) in boys and 4.0 mmHg (2.6–5.5) in girls at 9 years, narrowed slightly during adolescence, and was 3.0 mmHg (0.7–5.4) and 2.6 mmHg (0.4–4.8) respectively at 17 years. BMI and height trajectories also shifted upwards. The overall increment was greater for height than BMI. When adjusting for physical growth, the increment in BP trajectories reduced (more for height than BMI), but remained in childhood (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The upward shift of BP trajectories among Chinese youths was largely explained by trends in physical growth, especially increasing height. Other early-life factors might have also contributed to the BP trends. Substantial increases in mean BP in children within a short time frame is a public health concern and will affect future CVD, especially in the developing world.
Characterization of Specific Humoral Immunity in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Deng Yingying , Zheng Jiaxin , Lin Yong , Huang Ailong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019 caused a huge blow to both global public health and global economy. At the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection were ignored, without appropriate identification and isolation. However, asymptomatic individuals proved to comprise a high proportion of all SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, which greatly contributed to the rapid and wide spread of this disease. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic assessment methods, factors related to the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection, as well as humoral immune features after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in asymptomatic individuals, which would contribute to effective control of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
Potential role of blood biomarkers in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Kumbhare Dinesh , Hassan Samah , Diep Dion , Duarte Felipe C. K. , Hung Jasper , Damodara Sreekant , West Daniel W.D. , Selvaganapathy P. Ravi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex chronic pain condition. Its symptoms are nonspecific, and to date, no objective test exists to confirm FM diagnosis. Potential objective measures include the circulating levels of blood biomarkers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to review studies assessing blood biomarkers' levels in patients with FM compared with healthy controls. We systematically searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Fifty-four studies reporting the levels of biomarkers in blood in patients with FM were included. Data were extracted, and the methodological quality was assessed independently by 2 authors. The methodological quality of 9 studies (17%) was low. The results of most studies were not directly comparable given differences in methods and investigated target immune mediators. Thus, data from 40 studies only were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. The meta-analysis showed that patients with FM had significantly lower levels of interleukin-1 β and higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon gamma, C-reactive protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared with healthy controls. Nevertheless, this systematic literature review and meta-analysis could not support the notion that these blood biomarkers are specific biomarkers of FM. Our literature review, however, revealed that these same individual biomarkers may have the potential role of identifying underlying pathologies or other conditions that often coexist with FM. Future research is needed to evaluate the potential clinical value for these biomarkers while controlling for the various confounding variables.
Decrease in pain perception during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case series
Authors: Hentsch Lisa , Stancu Patrick , Allali Gilles , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Lobrinus Johannes A. , Cocetta Sara , Pautex Sophie , Uginet Marjolaine , Serratrice Jacques , Coen Matteo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many reports have described pain appearance or an increase of chronic pain concomitant to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Here, we describe the cases of 3 patients with chronic cancer pain, in which COVID-19 was associated with a dramatic reduction or disappearance of pain. Pain reappeared after recovery from COVID-19. Neurological imaging and pathological findings, when available, were inconclusive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series reporting an acute reduction in pain perception in COVID-19. We believe further investigation is mandatory because it could shed new light on the mechanisms of pain perception and modulation.
Observing treatment outcomes in other patients can elicit augmented placebo effects on pain treatment: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial with patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Schwartz Marie , Fischer Laura-Marie , Bläute Corinna , Stork Jan , Colloca Luana , Zöllner Christian , Klinger Regine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clinical research on social observational learning (SoL) as an underlying mechanism for inducing expectancy and eliciting analgesic placebo effects is lacking. This double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial investigated the influence of SoL on medication-augmenting placebo effects in 44 patients with chronic low back pain. Our hypothesis was that observing positive drug effects on pain and mobility in another patient could increase pain reduction and functional capacity. To test this, we compared the effects of observing positive treatment outcomes in a sham patient (the social learning group [SoLG]) vs hearing the same sham patient report neutral effects (the control group). In the SoLG, the sham patient told peers about pain reduction due to amitriptyline and demonstrated his improved mobility by bending forwards and sideways while he told the control group only that he was taking amitriptyline. The primary outcome was a reduction in clinical low back pain self-ratings. The secondary outcome was perceptions of pain-related disability. The exploratory outcome was mood and coping statements. Data collection occurred before and after the intervention and 2 weeks later. After the intervention, pain decreased in both groups (F [1, 41] = 7.16, P < 0.05, d = 0.83), with no difference between groups. However, the SoLG showed a significantly larger decrease in perceived disability (F [1, 41] = 5, P < 0.05, d = 0.63). The direct observation of patient with chronic low back pain of positive treatment outcomes in the sham patient seems to have enhanced the treatment effects while indirect verbal reports of reduced pain did not.
Olanzapine-Related Somnambulism
Authors: de Filippis Renato , Guinart Daniel , Rania Marianna , Carbone Elvira Anna , Gaetano Raffaele , Segura-Garcia Cristina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Somnambulism, or sleepwalking (SW), is one of the most common forms of arousal parasomnias. It is characterized by different complex motor behaviors leading to unwanted movements in bed or walking during sleep. It can be the consequence of psychological stress, abnormal breathing during sleep, high fever, or drug adverse effects. There is evidence of an association between antipsychotic treatment, including olanzapine, and SW.

Methods
We present the case of a patient experiencing treatment-resistant anorexia nervosa whose somnambulism re-exacerbated after the addition of a low dose of olanzapine, following the CARE (CAse REport) Statement and Checklist. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature on olanzapine-induced somnambulism following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases were independently reviewed up to January 2021 for articles reporting olanzapine-related somnambulism cases, without language or time restriction.

Results
We describe a case of somnambulism in a patient initially admitted to our hospital for anorexia nervosa and treated with a low dose of olanzapine. This is the first case of SW induced by olanzapine in eating disorders to be reported. Up-to-date olanzapine-related somnambulism was described in 8 patients experiencing psychiatric disorders (ie, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder).

Conclusions
To provide a reliable estimate of incidence and prevalence for olanzapine-related somnambulism, large-scale, pharmacovigilance studies are required, to allow for comparisons of overall clinical characteristics, outcomes, including time to recovery, between different treatment options. Clinician awareness should be enhanced, and attention should be given to such infrequent adverse effects associated with antipsychotics.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychosocial Factors and Sickness Presenteeism in Japanese Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Masuda Masashi , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Hino Ayako , Ando Hajime , Tateishi Seiichiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2021

Background:
We examined the association between socioeconomic and health status, and lifestyle and sickness presenteeism among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using an Internet-monitor survey was conducted in December, 2020 in Japan. Of 33,302 survey participants, we analyzed 27,036 participants (13,814 men and 13,222 women) who reported experience with sickness presenteeism.

Results:
The odds ratio (OR) of sickness presenteeism associated with unmarried versus married status was 1.15. Respective figures for other variables were 1.11 for manual laboring work compared to desk work; 1.79 and 2.29 for loss of employment at the time the pandemic began and continuation of unemployment compared with maintaining employment during the pandemic; and 3.34 for a feeling of financial instability compared with stability.

Conclusion:
The issue of sickness presenteeism has become more prominent under the COVID-19 epidemic.
The Impact of Age on Noise Sensitivity in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Shew Matthew A. , Herzog Jacques A. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Chen Stephanie , Wick Cameron , Durakovic Nedim , McJunkin Jonathan , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of different open set sentence recognition tests in quiet, +10 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR), and +5 dB SNR in adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients above and below 65 years of age.

Study Design and Setting:
Multi-institution, prospective, non-randomized, single-subject repeated measures design.

Patients:
Ninety six adults more than or equal to 18 years old with postlingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Interventions:
Participants received a CI532 in one ear. Speech perception measures were evaluated before and 6-months after activation.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Subjects completed consonant-nucleus-constant (CNC) words in quiet and AzBio sentences in noise using +10 and +5 dB SNR, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).

Results:
Ninety six adult patients were enrolled (n = 70 older [≥65 yr], n = 26 younger [<65 yr]). There was no difference in CNC scores (CI alone 58.4% versus 67.5%, p = 0.0857; best aided 66.7% versus 76.1%, p = 0.3357). Older adults performed worse on AzBio +10 dB SNR compared with younger patients (CI alone 37.4% versus 56.9%, p = 0.0006; best aided 51.4% versus 68.2%; p = 0.01), and in AzBio +5 dB SNR (CI alone 7.7% versus 11.2%, p = 0.0002; best aided 15.3% versus 22.3%, p = 0.0005). The magnitude of change in AzBio +10 dB SNR was significantly less in older adults in CI alone (15.3% versus 22.3%; p = 0.0493) but not best aided (21.5% versus 31.3%; p = 0.105). The magnitude of change was drastically worse in AzBio +5 dB SNR for older adults (CI alone 6.7% versus 22.1%, p = 0.0014; best aided 9.5% versus 21.5%; p = 0.0142). There was no significant difference in MOCA between the two age groups.

Conclusions:
While both older and younger patients have similar outcomes with respect to CNC word scores in quiet, the addition of noise disproportionally impacts older patients. Caution should be exercised testing the elderly in noise; testing in noise may disproportionally impact performance expectations and should be more carefully considered when used for candidacy criteria and counseling. Future studies need to further investigate the disproportionate effect of noise on candidacy testing and its impact on how elderly patients are qualified.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Ferritin as Measurable Tools for Disease Burden and B Symptoms in Pediatric Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Jan Saja , Mustafa Omima , Elgaml Amal , Ahmad Nehal , Abbas Adil , Althubaiti Sami 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has been treated successfully with risk-adapted and response-adapted therapy. While risk factors like Ann Arbor staging system, B symptoms, bulky disease, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured objectively, B symptoms are subjective tools. We evaluated whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and inflammatory marker levels correlated with B symptoms and disease burden.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of all children ≤14 years old with pathology-confirmed HL treated at our institution. Data included clinical and pathologic features, pretreatment erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ferritin levels; monocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts; and NLR. Optimum cutoffs of variables significantly associated with B symptoms were determined based on receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:
Sixty-four patients were included in the analysis. Sixteen patients (25%) had B symptoms. Patients with B symptoms had higher ferritin levels (P<0.0001), monocyte counts (P=0.0060), neutrophil counts (P=0.0003) and NLR (P<0.0001), and lower lymphocyte counts (P=0.0017). Multiple receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to identify the optimum cutoff. Sensitivities and specificities of NLR (cutoff, 3.5) and ferritin (cutoff, 173 ng/mL) were the highest (81.25% and 81.25% [P<0.0001] and 89.36% and 75% [P<0.0001], respectively). Patients with NLR >3.5 and ferritin >173 (ng/mL) had significantly higher stage, bulky disease, and B symptoms. NLR and ferritin are not predictive of worst outcome in the cohort analyzed.

Conclusions:
NLR and ferritin levels were associated with high disease burden and B symptoms. Therefore, these variables can be used as measurable tools for B symptoms that can help stratify patients with HL. Larger and prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
Participants and Victims of Armed Conflicts and Hostilities Rehabilitation
Authors: Myronets Oksana M. , Dei Maryna О. , Korolchuk Olena L. , Butenko Oleksii V. , Slabetskyi Oleksandr N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The research purpose of the article is to determine current issues and prospects of rehabilitation of participants and victims of armed conflicts and hostilities in pandemic, postpandemic, and new world's order conditions. By using the dialectical method, theoretical background and current issues of rehabilitation of participants and victims of armed conflicts and hostilities have been investigated, and the modern challenges concerning this issue have been outlined. The article concluded that only a complex repair of health of participants and victims of armed conflicts and hostilities, which, on the one hand, includes medical, physical, psychical practices, and experience for bodily intact ones, and, on the other hand, obligatorily involves the possibility of cyber technology use to be integrated physically into bodily injured ones, may lead to desirable results of their rehabilitation in pandemic and postpandemic conditions of new world's order.