bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls Over Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in the Waters and Bivalves (Arthritica helmsi) of an Estuarine Lagoon System
Authors: Chamberlayne B. K. , Tyler J. J. , Gillanders B. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxygen isotope ratios in bivalve shells have long been used as a proxy for environmental change, reflecting both temperature and the oxygen isotope composition of host water. In estuarine systems, the oxygen isotope composition of water is complicated by variable mixing between river and seawater, as well as evaporative enrichment. In addition, due to species‐specific variation in temperature‐dependent fractionation into bivalve carbonate, modern calibrations are necessary prior to applications in paleoenvironmental studies. In this study, live specimens of the micromollusc Arthritica helmsi were collected from five sites in the Coorong Lagoon, an estuarine system at the mouth of the River Murray, Australia, on six occasions from November 2016 to May 2018. Whole shell oxygen and carbon isotope compositions (n = 131) were measured alongside monthly temperature and oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses of waters from the Coorong and neighboring Lake Alexandrina (n = 137). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in water were mostly controlled by evaporation of source waters, though a period of high river water discharge was reflected in the isotopic values of the Coorong North Lagoon. A species‐specific temperature‐dependent oxygen isotope fractionation equation was calibrated for A. helmsi: T (°C) = (21.39 ± 0.45) − (4.43 ± 0.38) × (δ18Oshell − δ18Owater). This equation is similar to other published paleotemperature equations for biogenic carbonates. These contemporary observations of the isotope hydrology of the Coorong, coupled with our contemporary calibration of oxygen isotope fractionation, lay the foundation for paleoenvironmental studies using bivalves collected from the sediments of the Coorong.
Diffusion‐to‐Imbibition Transition in Water Sorption in Nanoporous Media: Theoretical Studies
Authors: Cihan Abdullah , Tokunaga Tetsu K. , Birkholzer Jens T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability to predict multiphase fluid transport in nanoporous rocks such as shales is critical for many geoscience applications, for example unconventional hydrocarbon production, geologic carbon sequestration, and nuclear waste disposal. When the pore sizes approach nanoscales, the impact of the molecular interaction forces between fluids and solids becomes increasingly important. These forces can alter macroscopic fluid phase behavior and control transport. Recent experimental studies have shown that capillary condensation and subsequent imbibition of liquid water can occur in hydrophilic nanoporous media even if the vapor phase is at a critical relative humidity (rhcrit) well below vapor saturation. This study presents a theoretical investigation of the processes controlling adsorption, capillary condensation and imbibition in nanoporous media, using the square‐gradient classical density functional theory. The proposed theoretical model explicitly includes the relevant interaction forces among fluids and solids in macroscopic porous media. Application of the model to a relative‐humidity‐controlled water adsorption experiment is presented to demonstrate the impact of water‐pore wall attractive forces on multiphase water behavior in a hydrophilic silicon nanoporous medium. The model represents well the measured time‐dependent evolution of the water imbibition front inside the nanoporous medium and also explains the diffusion‐like water transport regimes observed at rh < rhcrit and the imbibition‐like flow regimes observed at rh > rhcrit. The study furthermore gives an insight on hysteresis phenomenon in adsorption and desorption isotherms.
IL-30† (IL-27A): a familiar stranger in immunity, inflammation, and cancer
Authors: Min Booki , Kim Dongkyun , Feige Matthias J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the years, interleukin (IL)-27 has received much attention because of its highly divergent, sometimes even opposing, functions in immunity. IL-30, the p28 subunit that forms IL-27 together with Ebi3 and is also known as IL-27p28 or IL-27A, has been considered a surrogate to represent IL-27. However, it was later discovered that IL-30 can form complexes with other protein subunits, potentially leading to overlapping or discrete functions. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that IL-30 itself may perform immunomodulatory functions independent of Ebi3 or other binding partners and that IL-30 production is strongly associated with certain cancers in humans. In this review, we will discuss the biology of IL-30 and other IL-30-associated cytokines and their functions in inflammation and cancer.
A critical role for Th17 cell-derived TGF-β1 in regulating the stability and pathogenicity of autoimmune Th17 cells
Authors: Choi Garam , Park Young-Jun , Cho Minkyoung , Moon Heesu , Kim Daehong , Kang Chang-Yuil , Chung Yeonseok , Kim Byung-Seok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPathogenic conversion of Th17 cells into multifunctional helper T cells or Th1 cells contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases; however, the mechanism regulating the plasticity of Th17 cells remains unclear. Here, we found that Th17 cells expressed latent TGF-β1 in a manner dependent on autocrine TGF-β1. By employing IL-17-producing cell-specific Tgfb1 conditional knockout and fate-mapping systems, we demonstrated that TGF-β1-deficient Th17 cells are relatively susceptible to becoming IFN-γ producers through IL-12Rβ2 and IL-27Rα upregulation. TGF-β1-deficient Th17 cells exacerbated tissue inflammation compared to TGF-β1-sufficient Th17 cells in adoptive transfer models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis. Thus, TGF-β1 production by Th17 cells provides an essential autocrine signal for maintaining the stability and regulating the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in vivo.
Oncogenic long intervening noncoding RNA Linc00284 promotes c-Met expression by sponging miR-27a in colorectal cancer
Authors: You Jun , Li Jiayi , Ke Chunlin , Xiao Yanru , Lu Chuanhui , Huang Fakun , Mi Yanjun , Xia Rongmu , Li Qiyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmerging evidences suggest that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, the aim of this study is to investigate the biological function of long intervening noncoding RNA Linc00284 in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression levels of Linc00284, miR-27a and c-Met were evaluated by qPCR and/or Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Ki67 and Phh3 in tumor tissues. The interaction between Linc00284, miR-27a and c-Met was validated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell function experiments, including CCK-8, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays, were conducted. The in vivo studies were performed with the subcutaneous tumor xenograft mouse models. Our findings reveal that Linc00284 is upregulated in CRC tissues and colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 in comparison with corresponding para-carcinoma tissues and human fetal colonic mucosa cells FHC. High expression of Linc00284 in tumor tissues is associated with tumor metastasis and predicts a poor clinical outcome in CRC patients. Serum Linc00284 is increased, while miR-27a is decreased in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. ROC curve analysis indicates that serum Linc00284 and miR-27a produce the area under the curve (AUC) value of at 0.8151 and 0.7316 in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy individuals, respectively. Additionally, results in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Linc00284 silencing significantly suppresses CRC cell proliferation and/or invasion. Mechanistically, Linc00284 promotes c-Met expression by acting as miR-27a sponge, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, thereby causing malignant phenotypes of CRC cells. Taken together, Linc00284 exhibits oncogenic function and the disturbance of Linc00284/miR-27a/c-Met regulatory axis contributes to CRC progression, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Importantly, the expression levels of serum Linc00284 and miR-27a may serve as clinical biomarkers for CRC diagnosis.
Dysregulation of post-transcriptional modification by copy number variable microRNAs in schizophrenia with enhanced glycation stress
Authors: Yoshikawa Akane , Kushima Itaru , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Toriumi Kazuya , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Horiuchi Yasue , Kawaji Hideya , Takizawa Shunya , Ozaki Norio , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreviously, we identified a subpopulation of schizophrenia (SCZ) showing increased levels of plasma pentosidine, a marker of glycation and oxidative stress. However, its causative genetic factors remain largely unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that dysregulated posttranslational modification by copy number variable microRNAs (CNV-miRNAs) may contribute to the etiology of SCZ. Here, an integrative genome-wide CNV-miRNA analysis was performed to investigate the etiology of SCZ with accumulated plasma pentosidine (PEN-SCZ). The number of CNV-miRNAs and the gene ontology (GO) in the context of miRNAs within CNVs were compared between PEN-SCZ and non-PEN-SCZ groups. Gene set enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes was further performed to evaluate the pathways affected in PEN-SCZ. We show that miRNAs were significantly enriched within CNVs in the PEN-SCZ versus non-PEN-SCZ groups (p = 0.032). Of note, as per GO analysis, the dysregulated neurodevelopmental events in the two groups may have different origins. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes revealed that miRNAs involved in glycation/oxidative stress and synaptic neurotransmission, especially glutamate/GABA receptor signaling, were possibly affected in PEN-SCZ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide CNV-miRNA study suggesting the role of CNV-miRNAs in the etiology of PEN-SCZ, through effects on genes related to glycation/oxidative stress and synaptic function. Our findings provide supportive evidence that glycation/oxidative stress possibly caused by genetic defects related to the posttranscriptional modification may lead to synaptic dysfunction. Therefore, targeting miRNAs may be one of the promising approaches for the treatment of PEN-SCZ.
Genome information processing by the INO80 chromatin remodeler positions nucleosomes
Authors: Oberbeckmann Elisa , Krietenstein Nils , Niebauer Vanessa , Wang Yingfei , Schall Kevin , Moldt Manuela , Straub Tobias , Rohs Remo , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Korber Philipp , Eustermann Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fundamental molecular determinants by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers organize nucleosomes across eukaryotic genomes remain largely elusive. Here, chromatin reconstitutions on physiological, whole-genome templates reveal how remodelers read and translate genomic information into nucleosome positions. Using the yeast genome and the multi-subunit INO80 remodeler as a paradigm, we identify DNA shape/mechanics encoded signature motifs as sufficient for nucleosome positioning and distinct from known DNA sequence preferences of histones. INO80 processes such information through an allosteric interplay between its core- and Arp8-modules that probes mechanical properties of nucleosomal and linker DNA. At promoters, INO80 integrates this readout of DNA shape/mechanics with a readout of co-evolved sequence motifs via interaction with general regulatory factors bound to these motifs. Our findings establish a molecular mechanism for robust and yet adjustable +1 nucleosome positioning and, more generally, remodelers as information processing hubs that enable active organization and allosteric regulation of the first level of chromatin.
Artificial dual solid-electrolyte interfaces based on in situ organothiol transformation in lithium sulfur battery
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Wanying , Si Yubing , Wang Donghai , Fu Yongzhu , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interfacial instability of the lithium-metal anode and shuttling of lithium polysulfides in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries hinder the commercial application. Herein, we report a bifunctional electrolyte additive, i.e., 1,3,5-benzenetrithiol (BTT), which is used to construct solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEIs) on both electrodes from in situ organothiol transformation. BTT reacts with lithium metal to form lithium 1,3,5-benzenetrithiolate depositing on the anode surface, enabling reversible lithium deposition/stripping. BTT also reacts with sulfur to form an oligomer/polymer SEI covering the cathode surface, reducing the dissolution and shuttling of lithium polysulfides. The Li–S cell with BTT delivers a specific discharge capacity of 1,239 mAh g−1 (based on sulfur), and high cycling stability of over 300 cycles at 1C rate. A Li–S pouch cell with BTT is also evaluated to prove the concept. This study constructs an ingenious interface reaction based on bond chemistry, aiming to solve the inherent problems of Li–S batteries.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion of the adenosine A2A receptor enhances CAR T cell efficacy
Authors: Giuffrida Lauren , Sek Kevin , Henderson Melissa A. , Lai Junyun , Chen Amanda X. Y. , Meyran Deborah , Todd Kirsten L. , Petley Emma V. , Mardiana Sherly , Mølck Christina , Stewart Gregory D. , Solomon Benjamin J. , Parish Ian A. , Neeson Paul J. , Harrison Simon J. , Kats Lev M. , House Imran G. , Darcy Phillip K. , Beavis Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdenosine is an immunosuppressive factor that limits anti-tumor immunity through the suppression of multiple immune subsets including T cells via activation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). Using both murine and human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, here we show that targeting A2AR with a clinically relevant CRISPR/Cas9 strategy significantly enhances their in vivo efficacy, leading to improved survival of mice. Effects evoked by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene deletion of A2AR are superior to shRNA mediated knockdown or pharmacological blockade of A2AR. Mechanistically, human A2AR-edited CAR T cells are significantly resistant to adenosine-mediated transcriptional changes, resulting in enhanced production of cytokines including IFNγ and TNF, and increased expression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway associated genes. A2AR deficient CAR T cells are well tolerated and do not induce overt pathologies in mice, supporting the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to target A2AR for the improvement of CAR T cell function in the clinic.
Small sinking particles control anammox rates in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Karthäuser Clarissa , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Marchant Hannah K. , Bristow Laura A. , Hauss Helena , Iversen Morten H. , Kiko Rainer , Maerz Joeran , Lavik Gaute , Kuypers Marcel M. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is a major pathway of oceanic nitrogen loss. Ammonium released from sinking particles has been suggested to fuel this process. During cruises to the Peruvian OMZ in April–June 2017 we found that anammox rates are strongly correlated with the volume of small particles (128–512 µm), even though anammox bacteria were not directly associated with particles. This suggests that the relationship between anammox rates and particles is related to the ammonium released from particles by remineralization. To investigate this, ammonium release from particles was modelled and theoretical encounters of free-living anammox bacteria with ammonium in the particle boundary layer were calculated. These results indicated that small sinking particles could be responsible for ~75% of ammonium release in anoxic waters and that free-living anammox bacteria frequently encounter ammonium in the vicinity of smaller particles. This indicates a so far underestimated role of abundant, slow-sinking small particles in controlling oceanic nutrient budgets, and furthermore implies that observations of the volume of small particles could be used to estimate N-loss across large areas.
Laser-driven growth of structurally defined transition metal oxide nanocrystals on carbon nitride photoelectrodes in milliseconds
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Zou Yajun , Eickelmann Stephan , Njel Christian , Heil Tobias , Ronneberger Sebastian , Strauss Volker , Seeberger Peter H. , Savateev Aleksandr , Loeffler Felix F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFabrication of hybrid photoelectrodes on a subsecond timescale with low energy consumption and possessing high photocurrent densities remains a centerpiece for successful implementation of photoelectrocatalytic synthesis of fuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we introduce a laser-driven technology to print sensitizers with desired morphologies and layer thickness onto different substrates, such as glass, carbon, or carbon nitride (CN). The specially designed process uses a thin polymer reactor impregnated with transition metal salts, confining the growth of transition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures on the interface in milliseconds, while their morphology can be tuned by the laser. Multiple nano-p-n junctions at the interface increase the electron/hole lifetime by efficient charge trapping. A hybrid copper oxide/CN photoanode with optimal architecture reaches 10 times higher photocurrents than the pristine CN photoanode. This technology provides a modular approach to build a library of TMO-based composite films, enabling the creation of materials for diverse applications.
A single m6A modification in U6 snRNA diversifies exon sequence at the 5’ splice site
Authors: Ishigami Yuma , Ohira Takayuki , Isokawa Yui , Suzuki Yutaka , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a modification that plays pivotal roles in RNA metabolism and function, although its functions in spliceosomal U6 snRNA remain unknown. To elucidate its role, we conduct a large-scale transcriptome analysis of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain lacking this modification and found a global change of pre-mRNA splicing. The most significantly impacted introns are enriched for adenosine at the fourth position pairing the m6A in U6 snRNA, and exon sequences weakly recognized by U5 snRNA. This suggests cooperative recognition of 5’ splice site by U6 and U5 snRNPs, and also a role of m6A facilitating efficient recognition of the splice sites weakly interacting with U5 snRNA, indicating that U6 snRNA m6A relaxes the 5’ exon constraint and allows protein sequence diversity along with explosively increasing number of introns over the course of eukaryotic evolution.
Automated annotation and visualisation of high-resolution spatial proteomic mass spectrometry imaging data using HIT-MAP
Authors: Guo G. , Papanicolaou M. , Demarais N. J. , Wang Z. , Schey K. L. , Timpson P. , Cox T. R. , Grey A. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatial proteomics has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of biology, physiology and medicine. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a powerful tool in the spatial proteomics field, enabling direct detection and registration of protein abundance and distribution across tissues. MALDI-MSI preserves spatial distribution and histology allowing unbiased analysis of complex, heterogeneous tissues. However, MALDI-MSI faces the challenge of simultaneous peptide quantification and identification. To overcome this, we develop and validate HIT-MAP (High-resolution Informatics Toolbox in MALDI-MSI Proteomics), an open-source bioinformatics workflow using peptide mass fingerprint analysis and a dual scoring system to computationally assign peptide and protein annotations to high mass resolution MSI datasets and generate customisable spatial distribution maps. HIT-MAP will be a valuable resource for the spatial proteomics community for analysing newly generated and retrospective datasets, enabling robust peptide and protein annotation and visualisation in a wide array of normal and disease contexts.
Three-body correlations in nonlinear response of correlated quantum liquid
Authors: Hata Tokuro , Teratani Yoshimichi , Arakawa Tomonori , Lee Sanghyun , Ferrier Meydi , Deblock Richard , Sakano Rui , Oguri Akira , Kobayashi Kensuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBehavior of quantum liquids is a fascinating topic in physics. Even in a strongly correlated case, the linear response of a given system to an external field is described by the fluctuation-dissipation relations based on the two-body correlations in the equilibrium. However, to explore nonlinear non-equilibrium behaviors of the system beyond this well-established regime, the role of higher order correlations starting from the three-body correlations must be revealed. In this work, we experimentally investigate a controllable quantum liquid realized in a Kondo-correlated quantum dot and prove the relevance of the three-body correlations in the nonlinear conductance at finite magnetic field, which validates the recent Fermi liquid theory extended to the non-equilibrium regime.
Identifying genetic modifiers of age-associated penetrance in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism
Authors: Laabs Björn-Hergen , Klein Christine , Pozojevic Jelena , Domingo Aloysius , Brüggemann Norbert , Grütz Karen , Rosales Raymond L. , Jamora Roland Dominic , Saranza Gerard , Diesta Cid Czarina E. , Wittig Michael , Schaake Susen , Dulovic-Mahlow Marija , Quismundo Jana , Otto Pia , Acuna Patrick , Go Criscely , Sharma Nutan , Multhaupt-Buell Trisha , Müller Ulrich , Hanssen Henrike , Kilpert Fabian , Franke Andre , Rolfs Arndt , Bauer Peter , Dobričić Valerija , Lohmann Katja , Ozelius Laurie J. , Kaiser Frank J. , König Inke R. , Westenberger Ana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractX-linked dystonia-parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a founder retrotransposon insertion, in which a polymorphic hexanucleotide repeat accounts for ~50% of age at onset variability. Employing a genome-wide association study to identify additional factors modifying age at onset, we establish that three independent loci are significantly associated with age at onset (p < 5 × 10−8). The lead single nucleotide polymorphisms collectively account for 25.6% of the remaining variance not explained by the hexanucleotide repeat and 13.0% of the overall variance in age at onset in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism with the protective alleles delaying disease onset by seven years. These regions harbor or lie adjacent to MSH3 and PMS2, the genes that were recently implicated in modifying age at onset in Huntington’s disease, likely through a common pathway influencing repeat instability. Our work indicates the existence of three modifiers of age at onset in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism that likely affect the DNA mismatch repair pathway.
Open fire exposure increases the risk of pregnancy loss in South Asia
Authors: Xue Tao , Geng Guannan , Han Yiqun , Wang Huiyu , Li Jiajianghui , Li Hong-tian , Zhou Yubo , Zhu Tong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInteractions between climate change and anthropogenic activities result in increasing numbers of open fires, which have been shown to harm maternal health. However, few studies have examined the association between open fire and pregnancy loss. We conduct a self-comparison case-control study including 24,876 mothers from South Asia, the region with the heaviest pregnancy-loss burden in the world. Exposure is assessed using a chemical transport model as the concentrations of fire-sourced PM2.5(i.e., fire PM2.5). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of pregnancy loss for a 1-μg/m3increment in averaged concentration of fire PM2.5during pregnancy is estimated as 1.051 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.035, 1.067). Because fire PM2.5is more strongly linked with pregnancy loss than non-fire PM2.5(OR: 1.014; 95% CI: 1.011, 1.016), it contributes to a non-neglectable fraction (13%) of PM2.5-associated pregnancy loss. Here, we show maternal health is threaten by gestational exposure to fire smoke in South Asia.