bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APATINIB-INDUCED HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER PROGNOSIS IN PATIENT WITH SOLID TUMOR
Authors: Li Caie , Ma Liping , Wang Qiongying , Zhao Xu , Ma Ruixin , Li Ningyin , Yu Jing 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To investigate the incidence of apatinib-induced hypertension (HTN) in the treatment of patients with solid tumor in real world and to determine whether apatinib-induced HTN is associated with its anti-tumor efficacy.

Design and method:
We retrospectively collected the medical records of patients with solid tumor treated with apatinib in Lanzhou University Second Hospital and Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, from Oct 1st 2014 to Jun 30st 2019. The patients were then prospectively followed to determine the disease state, time of disease progression and death, as well as whether or not have newly initiated HTN. The mean follow-up was 16.5month, with the longest follow-up of 48 months. The apatinib-induced HTN was defined as either newly initiated HTN in patients with normal blood pressure or increases of antihypertensive intensity in patients with pre-existed HTN. The prognosis of patients was estimated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:
A total of 400 patients were enrolled, of whom 136 (34%) were diagnosed with HTN induced by apatinib. The primary tumor in 40% of the patients were gastrointestinal cancer, followed by hepatobiliary cancer (14.5%) and lung cancer (13.3%). Patients in HTN group were older (p = 0.03), more frequently with proteinuria (p = 0.035) and higher dosage of apatinib (p = 0.024). The survival analysis showed that apatinib-induced HTN was associated with significantly longer PFS, as well as OS (both p < 0.01), the differences existed both in univariate and multivariate analyses. The subgroup analyses were performed in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, and lung cancer, all showed consistent results.

Conclusions:
HTN is one of the most common side effects of apatinib in the treatment of solid tumors, with an incidence of as high as 34% in real world. Apatinib-induced HTN is significantly associated with better anti-tumor efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Given that there is still no effective predictive biomarker for apatinib, drug-induced HTN may be used as an surrogate one. The development of new antihypertensive drugs with better antihypertensive effects while no influences on antitumor activity, is in urgent need.
CARDIAC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY RISK ESTIMATED BY SUDOMOTOR FUNCTION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Authors: Zwack Clara , Mcdonald Rachael , Eikelis Nina , Lambert Gavin , Lambert Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Young adults with Intellectual Disability (ID) are at higher risk of premature death, and present with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is often associated with CVD risk factors including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. Hence, it may be a predictor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Screening for CAN risk through assessment of sudomotor function has been introduced as a method for early detection of autonomic dysfunction.

Design and method:
Adults with ID aged 18–45 years (n = 31) were compared to the general population (GP) (n = 29). Seated blood pressure, arterial stiffness (Pulse Wave Velocity [m/s] measured with Sphygmacor) and sudomotor function (measured with SUDOSCAN) were assessed.

Results:
Hand and feet electrical skin conductance (ESC) were lower in adults with ID ([Feet] ID = 72.8 microsiemens, GP = 80.4 microsiemens; p = 0.021 [Hands] ID = 65.6 microsiemens, GP = 76.8 microsiemens; p = 0.013) indicating elevated risk for CAN in the ID cohort. ESC in the ID population did not correlate with arterial stiffness, blood pressure nor body mass index (BMI), with both groups showing similar mean systolic blood pressures (ID = 127mmHg, GP = 122mmHg; p = 0.10) and PWV (ID = 8.0m/s, GP = 7.8m/s; p = 0.81), despite elevated BMI in the ID cohort (ID = 31.4 kg/m2, GP = 25.9 kg/m2; p = 0.002). However, ESC was related to Hb1Ac concentration, which was elevated in those with ID (ID = 34.4mmol/mol, GP = 29.7mmol/mol; p = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Our data indicates that sudomotor dysfunction is present in adults with ID and this was associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This suggest that CAN may play a role in the early development of CVD in young adults with ID. Given the increasing urgency to provide young individuals living with ID with the means to improve their health and wellbeing, screening for CAN could prove a useful tool in early detection of CVD risk, before the development of other typical risk factors including arterial stiffness and hypertension.
VASCULAR PROFILE IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Posadzy-Malaczynska Anna , Woznicka-Leskiewicz Lucyna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Assessment of vascular profile in women and men with and without hypertension who didn‘t have coronary artery stenosis in the angiography.

Design and method:
We divided 100 patients in two groups: HT+ patients with arterial hypertension (25 women and 25 men); and HT- patients without arterial hypertension (25 women and 25 men). All patients underwent coronary angiography because of angina. The average age of them [yrs]: 56 and 53 (∗p < 0,05). Ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), BMI, uric acid were evaluated.
Statistical calculations were performed in the StatSoft Statistica 10. For comparison of variables with a normal distribution and equal variances we used the t-test for unrelated samples.

Results:
We revealed following results in both groups: HT+ and HT- respectively [∗for p < = 0,05; ∗∗for p < 0,001; NS- negligible statistically].
In hypertensive group women were characterized by lower uric acid level, IMT and PWV than men.
In normotensive group women were characterized by lower uric acid level than men

Conclusions:
1. There was no difference in: ABI, PWV and IMT between the sexes in normotensive patients who underwent coronary angiography.
2. Women without stenosis in coronary angiography with and without hypertension were characterised by better metabolic profile than men.
3. Hypertensive women without stenosis in coronary angiography were characterized by minor vascular damages assessed by IMT and PWV than hypertensive men.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANS OF EARLIER HYPERTENSION, NORMAL AND HIGH ADMISSION SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE OF PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH AND WITHOUT ST ELEVATION
Authors: Vulin Aleksandra , Todic Vanja Drljevic , Stefanovic Maja , Popov Tanja , Poljak Jelena Pavic , Ljubotina Andrea , Popov Iva , Petrovic Milovan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To study the effects of earlier hypertension and admission blood pressure on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Design and method:
Retrospective study on 11346 consecutive patients (aged 67,28 + /-11,92years, 7421 (65,4%) male) admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (8268 (72,9%)) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and normal and high normal (90–139mmHg) or high (> = 140mmHg) systolic blood pressure (SBP) in our tertiary center from january 2013. to october 2019. Intrahospital left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mortality were recorded.

Results:
NSTEMI patient compared with STEMI were older (69,68 + /- 11,34 vs. 66,38 + /-12,01; p < 0,001), more frequently had earlier hypertension (2119 (68,8%) vs 5015 (60,7%); p < 0,001), diabetes (843 (27.4%) vs. 1620 (19.6%); p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (909 (29,5,8%) vs 1727 (20,9%); p < 0,001), had higher SBP (140.82 + /-26.03 vs. 139.13 + /-24.23mmHg; p = 0,001), higher proportion of admission hypertensive patients (1665 (54.09%) vs. 3411 (46.48%); p < 0.001), higher LVEF (48.32 + /-11.30% vs. 47.31 + /-9.32%; p < 0.001), and mortality (318 (10.33%) vs. 621 (7.51%) p < 0.001), without diastolic BP difference (82.35 + /-14.02 vs. 82.80 + /-14.14 mmHg; p = 0.131). Only NSTEMI patients with earlier hypertension had higher LVEF (48.61 + /- 9.89% vs. 47.66 + /- 10,81%; p = 0.036) compared with patients without. All hypertensive patients on admission had higher LVEF (NSTEMI 49.05% vs 47.44% and STEMI 48.49% vs 46.30%; p < 0.001), regardless od tipe of MI. NSTEMI patients, compared with STEMI, had higher LVEF, regardless of admission SBP. Only in NSTEMI patients mortality was higher in patients without earlier hypertension (12.2% vs. 9.49%; p = 0.022). Patients with STEMI and normal admission SBP had higher mortality compared with admission hypertensive patient (416 (10,6%) vs. 166 (4,9%); p < 0,001), and even higher if they had prior hypertension. The same was registered in NSTEMI patients with normal SBP (201 (14,2%) vs. 117 (7,0%); p < 0,001), but mortality was even higher without prior hypertension.

Conclusions:
Patient with NSTEMI more frequently had earlier hypertension, and admission hypertension. NSTEMI patients with normal admission SBP had lower LVEF, only in patients with prior hypertension, and higher mortality particularly in patients without prior hypertension. In STEMI patients mortality was higher in admission normotensive patients, particularly if thay had prior hypertension.
THE EFFECT OF 7-DAY HIGH-SALT DIET ON SERUM ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS: DOES ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS SUPPLEMENTATION MATTER?
Authors: Baric Lidija , Drenjancevic Ines , Matic Anita , Susnjara Petar , Stupin Marko , Kolobaric Nikolina , Kolar Luka , Mihaljevic Zrinka , Stupin Ana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
It is well documented that high salt (HS) diet causes increased oxidative stress. Present study aimed to test the effect of 7-day HS diet on serum protein concentrations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and catalase, and to examine whether the oral supplementation of non-specific ROS scavengers (vitamin C and vitamin E) during 7-day HS loading will change serum protein concentrations of these antioxidant enzymes in otherwise healthy normotensive individuals.

Design and method:
40 young healthy individuals (20 men and 20 women, age ranged 18–24) were assigned to a 7-day low-salt diet (<3.5 g salt/day) followed by a 7-day HS diet (∼14 g salt/day) without (HS group) or with the daily supplementation of vitamins C (1000 mg) and E (800 IU) (HS + C + E group). Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at each study visit. Serum protein concentrations of Cu/Zn SOD, GPx1 and catalase were measured by commercially available ELISA kits before and after diet protocols.

Results:
BP and HR were not significantly different in both, HS and HS + C + E groups compared to LS diet. Changes in calculated daily salt intake from 24 h sodium excretion confirmed that participants conformed to the diet protocols. Serum protein concentration of Cu/Zn SOD and GPx1 were not significantly changed following both HS or HS + C + E diet compared to measurement following LS diet. 7-day HS diet significantly decreased serum catalase concentration in HS group compared to LS diet (catalase pg/ml LS 347 ± 495 vs. HS 261 ± 462, P < 0.05), while catalase concentration was similar after LS and following 7 days of HS + C + E diet (catalase pg/ml LS 249 ± 375 vs. HS + C + E 186 ± 349, P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that disturbing the activity of antioxidative defense itself (decreased serum catalase concentration) could potentially contribute to the altered oxidative status in healthy individuals on a HS diet, which could be prevented by intake of antioxidant vitamins C and E during HS diet.
THE ASSOCIATION OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D, PARATHORMONE, IONIZED CALCIUM AND THE RISK OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Semianiv Marianna , Sydorchuk Larysa , Biletsky Semen , Petrynych Oksana , Repchuk Yuliia , Semianiv Igor , Kazantseva Tetiana , Sokolenko Alina , Voroniuk Ksenia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the research was to establish the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D), parathormone, ionized calcium and essential hypertension.

Design and method:
The study involved 48 healthy individuals in the control group and 72 patients with EH in the main group. The mean age in the healthy group was 43 ± 7.7 years, in the group of patients it was 58 ± 7.2 years. In terms of gender distribution, there were 30 females and 18 males in the control group, 51 and 21 ones in the main group, respectively.

Results:
The results of the analysis showed that the average level of PTH in the main group was significantly higher, compared to the control group, specifically 60.8 pg/mL versus 54.8 pg/mL (p < 0.05). However, the mean of the parameter did not go beyond the reference values in both groups. The study of 25 (OH)D levels in the sample examined showed a statistically significantly lower level of it in the group of patients with EH, that was 21.3 ng/ml, compared to the group of healthy individuals, which was 24.4 ng/ml (p < 0.05). The data obtained point to the vitamin D deficiency in patients in the main group.
Reduction of ionized calcium (below the lower quartile of normal) increases the risk of essential hypertension in 1,12 times [OR = 1,12; 95%CI:0,54–2,32; p > 0,05]. With the growth of content PTH risk of EH in the population was significantly lower [OR = 0,48; 95%CI:0,21–0,97, X2 = 3,31; p = 0,049]. Reduction of 25 (OH)D concentration (below the lower quartile of normal) increases the risk of hypertension in the examine by almost 3 times [OR = 2.83; 95%CI:1.07–8.59, X2 = 3.84; p = 0.049].

Conclusions:
The reduction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration increases the risk of essential hypertension in the population by almost 3 times, the increase in parathormone content played a protective role in the examined, the decrease of the ionized calcium content had no effect on the risk of EH in the population.
ASSOCIATION OF PARITY AND GRAVIDITY WITH CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS: THE OHASAMA STUDY
Authors: Sato Wakana , Nomura Kyoko , Hara Azusa , Satoh Michihiro , Tsubota-Utsugi Megumi , Inoue Ryusuke , Asayama Kei , Kikuya Masahiro , Metoki Hirohito , Kobayashi Yuuki , Tatsumi Yukako , Hirose Takuo , Murakami Takahisa , Hozawa Atsushi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to investigate if any of parity, gravidity and menstrual factors are associated with carotid atherosclerosis diagnosed by ultrasound imaging.

Design and method:
We identified 543 women aged 60 years or older from the general population of Ohasama, a rural Japanese community, who answered a questionnaire on parity and gravidity and age at menarche, were free of previous cardiocerebrovascular disease. The carotid atherosclerosis was assessed based on the presence of focal carotid plaque and mean common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by using ultrasound imaging. Information on possible confounding factors including self-measured blood pressure at home (home BP) was simultaneously obtained.

Results:
Plaque lesion was observed in 138 (25%) and the median of IMT was 0.68 mm with interquartile range of 0.63–0.75. Means of home systolic and diastolic BP levels were 129.5 ± 14.2 mmHg and 74.0 ± 8.4 mmHg, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that compared with women who had two children, women who had three children (OR 1.82, 95%CI, 1.12–2.96) and women who had four or more children (OR 2.60, 95%CI, 1.47–4.58) were more likely to have an increased risk with the presence of focal carotid plaque adjusting for age (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.012), hypertensive drug use (p = 0.319), home systolic BP levels (p = 0.364), impaired glucose tolerance (p = 0.230) and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.808), and current smoker (p = 0.955) and drinker (p = 0.294). Adjusting for these covariates, the highest quartile of gravidity (4- vs. 2) was associated with an increased risk of the plaques lesion (OR 2.03; 95%CI: 1.14–3.62) and youngest age quartile of age at menarche (13- y/o vs. 14 years) was associated with a decreased risk of the presence of plaque (OR, 0.51, 95%CI: 0.28–0.92). Multivariate general linear regression model showed that the wall thickness of carotid artery appeared slightly thicker among women who had highest parity quartile (b = 0.036, p = 0.009) adjusting for same covariates. The wall thickness of carotid artery was not associated with both gravidity (p = 0.089) and age at menarche (p = 0.113).

Conclusions:
Higher parity and gravidity, and younger age at menarche were associated with carotid atherosclerosis, independent of major confounding factors including age and home BP levels.
THE ROLE OF GENES COMBINATION IN ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Repchuk Yuliia , Sydorchuk Larisa , Biletsky Semen , Petrynych Oksana , Semianiv Marianna , Kasantseva Tetiana , Sokolenko Alina , Voroniuk Kseniia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to analyze the association of AGT (T704C) and VDR (1056T/C) genes polymorphisms combination with essential hypertension (EH).

Design and method:
The study involved 100 patients suffering from PAH with target-organ damaging, moderate, high or very high cardiovascular risk. Among them there were 79.0% (79) women and 21.0% (21) men, average age 59.87 ± 8.02 yo. The control group involved 30 practically healthy persons, matched by age (43.36 ± 7.1 y) and gender (62.5% women, 37.5% men). All enrolled / screened patients signed the Informed Consent to participate in the research. The genes polymorphism AGT (704 T > C) and VDR (1056T/C) was studied with PCR based method.

Results:
The genotypes distribution of the AGT (704T > C) and VDR (1056T/C) genes genotypes in patients vs control group did not differ reliably and was as follows: for AGT gene TT-, TC- and CC –genotypes - 13.89% vs 16.67%, 59.72% vs 54.17% and CC-genotype - 26.39% vs 29.17%; for VDR gene AA-, AG-, GG-genotypes – 23.0% vs 30.0%, 50.0% vs 46.67%, 27.0% vs 23.33% (p > 0.05) accordingly. Distribution of polymorphic variants of both genes corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (p > 0.05). The distribution of mutant genotypes combinations of both genes in study and control groups was as follows: TC + AG - 31.94% vs 29.17% (p > 0.05), TC + GG – 16.67% vs 8.33% (p > 0.05), TT + AG – 8.33% vs 4.17% (p > 0.05), TT + GG – 4.17% vs 8.33% (p > 0.05). The polymorphic variant combinations of both genes don’t influence the risk of EH in observed population. However, in AA-genotypes carrier of VDR gene hypertensive women increased a risk of EH almost 3 times [OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.02–10.25; p = 0.047].

Conclusions:
Thus, the mutant genotypes combinations of AGT (T704C) and VDR (1056T/C) genes don’t influence the risk of EH in population. However, AA-genotype of VDR gene in hypertensive women elevated risk of EH 3 times.
PLASMA XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED HYPERTENSIVES
Authors: Olatunji Victoria , Arinde Olufemi , Olaoye Morolake , Olarinoye John , Olatunji Lawrence 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Elevated circulating uric acid level has emerged as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in hypertension. Increased reactive oxygen species that could be caused by increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) during the production of uric acid has been attributed to hypertension. However, the predictive value of XO on impaired glomerular filtration rate in hypertension is unknown. The present study aims at evaluating the correlations between plasma uric acid concentration and XO activity, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in newly diagnosed non-diabetic hypertensive subjects.

Design and method:
Cross-sectional analyses were performed in treatment-naïve hypertensives with blood pressure equals to or more than 140/90 mmHg (n = 46) and normotensive with blood pressure equals to or less than 120/80 mmHg (n = 17), who were without history of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, thyroid disease and insulin or steroid use. Both groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Using the modification of diet in renal disease equation, individuals with < median value of 91 ml/min/1.73 m2 were considered to have impaired eGFR.

Results:
Our results showed that hypertensives had higher uric acid level than the normotensives. Activity of XO was comparable in both the hypertensives and normotensives. Interestingly, hypertensives or normotensives with impaired eGFR had higher (p < 0.0001) XO activity than those with normal eGFR. Using multivariate regression analysis, results showed that XO activity (beta = 0.277; p < 0.0001) was an independent determinant of impaired eGFR in hypertensives only. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also showed that plasma XO activity (0.699) was a better predictor of impaired eGFR in hypertensives than plasma uric acid.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that plasma XO activity is significantly associated with low eGFR in hypertensives, independently of plasma uric acid level. The findings could imply that elevated plasma activity of XO may be a stronger risk factor that would promote the development of hypertension-related renal dysfunction.
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH TOBACCO USE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016
Authors: Mukaneeva Dinara , Kontsevaya Anna , Myrzamatova Azalia , Khudyakov Mikhail 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To estimate the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with tobacco use in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2016, including the direct costs and the economic losses caused by reduced productivity.

Design and method:
The prevalence of tobacco use in the Russian population was determined in a ESSE-RF epidemiological study - 23.6%. The relative risks (RRs) of morbidity and mortality from CVD associated with tobacco use were identified through meta-analyzes and large studies. Based on the data on the prevalence of tobacco use in the Russian population and relative risks (RRs), the population attributable fractions (PAFs) was calculated for CVD. Associations were presented as RRs and PAFs with 95% CIs.
PAF (%) = (P_exp (RR-1))/([P_exp (RR-1)] + 1),
where:
P_exp - the proportion of individuals in a population who are exposed to tobacco;
RR - the relative risk of a specific outcome for a given exposure to a risk factor;
To assess the economic burden, the proportion of the analyzed risk factor in the morbidity and mortality from CVD was determined, and then the proportion in the economic burden of the CVD. Then we estimated attributable costs by multiplying PAFs outcomes with estimated 2016 annual direct health care and indirect costs for CVD. We used data from the Federal State Statistics Service, parameters of Annual Forms of Federal Statistical Monitoring, the results of Program of state guarantees for free medical care and the corresponding diagnosis-related groups for 2016. The calculations were performed in Microsoft Excel 10.0. (Microsoft, USA).

Results:
The calculated PAFs, associated with tobacco use, for CVD mortality and morbidity was 13% and 9%, respectively. Economic burden of CVD associated with tobacco use in 2016 in the RF reached 335 billion rubles (4.7 billion €). The losses in the economy due to premature mortality (313.8 billion rubles) prevail in the structure of the main burden. Estimated direct costs were responsible up to 21 billion rubles.

Conclusions:
The significant economic burden associated with cardiovascular diseases provides an economic rationale for action to reduce the prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors.