bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacto de silencio y derecho a la información en pacientes gravemente enfermos. Escribiendo el último capítulo de la vida
Authors: Vergara Lacalle Oscar 
Published: July 2021

Hoy nadie duda, al menos en los países de tradición occidental, de que el titular del derecho a la información clínica es el paciente sobre cuya salud versa dicha información, como ha sido institucionalmente reconocido en distintas leyes e instrumentos internacionales. Sin embargo, es todavía posible constatar ciertas prácticas que van en sentido contrario a este común asenso; señaladamente, aquella que, con un sesgo paternalista, omite la obligación de informar adecuadamente al enfermo al que se le ha diagnosticado una enfermedad grave con un pronóstico de vida limitado. Aunque son variadas las razones habitualmente invocadas para justificar esta reticencia, se puede afirmar que, en el fondo, todas concurren al objetivo de que el paciente no pierda la esperanza de recobrar la salud. En este estudio tratamos de poner de manifiesto que este objetivo priva al paciente de la oportunidad de escribir con sentido el último capítulo de su vida y de sentir el aliento de una esperanza nueva y verdaderamente libre, ocasionándole un perjuicio mayor que el que se le trata de evitar.
Sobre el significado y alcance de los hitos más decisivos en el desarrollo de la Bioética universal: el Convenio de Oviedo y la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la UNESCO
Authors: Marín Castán Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2021

El convenio de Oviedo y la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la UNESCO son los dos instrumentos jurídicos que más han contribuido al desarrollo de la Bioética universal. Dichos documentos inscriben la bioética en el contexto de los derechos humanos internacionales .En ambos textos se ha logrado identificar y configurar un conjunto mínimo y consensuado de principios bioéticos que hunden sus raíces en los derechos humanos y en la dignidad de la persona. A pesar de su diferente naturaleza jurídica, con ambos documentos se inicia un proceso de juridificación de la bioética universal qué amplia y reorienta el horizonte y los contenidos del Derecho internacional.
Polymer-coated moth-eye hybrid structure for broadband antireflection in the terahertz region
Authors: Yu Xi , Goto Kazusa , Yasunaga Yuki , Soeda Junshi , Ono Shingo 
Published: July 2021

A hybrid antireflective structure (ARS) is proposed for enhancing the transmittance of terahertz (THz) waves. This hybrid ARS was made by attaching a polymer-based two-layer coating onto a moth-eye structure on a silicon (Si) substrate. The measured power reflectance of this hybrid ARS remained below 6% in the frequency range of 0.6–2.5 THz, corresponding to the simulated results. The total power reflectance from 0.1 to 2.5 THz was 20% that of the unprocessed Si surface. Besides exhibiting a broadband AR characteristic, this hybrid ARS inherited the cleanable flat surface from the coating structure, which also acts as a protective shield for the moth-eye structures. This high-transmittance, cleanable, flat antireflective surface can not only improve the performance of numerous THz components but also promote the applications of THz waves in daily life.
Crisis and Change: Fallstudie zur Untersuchung der Resilienz als Erfolgsfaktor von Partizipationsplattformen während der Coronakrise
Authors: Butt Jan-Hendrik , Scholz Felix , Abel Pascal 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Coronakrise trifft große Teile der Weltwirtschaft hart und reduziert das gesellschaftliche Leben stark. Durch die stark einschränkenden Maßnahmen zur Minimierung der sozialen Kontakte wäre auch ein Rückgang des Interesses an der gemeinschaftlichen Gestaltung der städtischen Umgebung zu erwarten. Jedoch ist das Gegenteil der Fall. Partizipationsplattformen für die Gestaltung des urbanen Raumes haben sich verändert, um der Krise zu begegnen und Antworten auf die aktuellen Herausforderungen zu finden. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, weshalb Partizipationsplattformen trotz oder durch die Coronakrise erfolgreicher werden und möchte erforschen, welche Ursachen es für diese Resilienz gibt. Dafür dienen 26 Partizipationsplattformen im urbanen Raum als Untersuchungsgrundlage. Alle Plattformen bieten das höchste Partizipationslevel der Selbstverwaltung an, sodass Bürger*innen selbstständig ihren Lebensraum gestalten können. Anhand von drei Fallstudien werden Ausdauerfähigkeit, Anpassungsfähigkeit und Wandlungsfähigkeit der Plattformen beschrieben. Als Ursachen konnten dabei unter anderem die enge Verbundenheit zu den Projektinitiatoren und das starke gesellschaftliche Verantwortungsgefühl sowie flache Hierarchien und eine gelebte Fehlerkultur herausgearbeitet werden.
Acute myocardial infarction: Development and application of an ICD-10-CM-based algorithm to a large U.S. healthcare claims-based database
Authors: Saunders-Hastings Patrick , Heong Sze Wing , Srichaikul Jenny , Wong Hui-Lee , Shoaibi Azadeh , Chada Kinnera , Burrell Timothy A. , Dores Graça M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Healthcare administrative claims data hold value for monitoring drug safety and assessing drug effectiveness. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Biologics Effectiveness and Safety Initiative (BEST) is expanding its analytical capacity by developing claims-based definitions—referred to as algorithms—for populations and outcomes of interest. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was of interest due to its potential association with select biologics and the lack of an externally validated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) algorithm.

Objective
Develop and apply an ICD-10-CM-based algorithm in a U.S. administrative claims database to identify and characterize AMI populations.

Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify validated AMI algorithms. Building on prior published methodology and consistent application of ICD-9-CM codes, an ICD-10-CM algorithm was developed via forward-backward mapping using General Equivalence Mappings and refined with clinical input. An AMI population was then identified in the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases and characterized using descriptive statistics.

Results and discussion
Between 2014–2017, 2.83–3.16 individuals/1,000 enrollees/year received ≥1 AMI diagnosis in any healthcare setting. The 2015 transition to ICD-10-CM did not result in a substantial change in the proportion of patients identified. Average patient age at first AMI diagnosis was 64.9 years, and 61.4% of individuals were male. Unspecified chest pain, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis of native coronary vessel/artery were most commonly reported within one day of AMI diagnosis. Electrocardiograms were the most common medical procedure and beta-blockers were the most commonly ordered cardiac medication in the one day before to 14 days following AMI diagnosis. The mean length of inpatient stay was 5.6 days (median 3 days; standard deviation 7.9 days). Findings from this ICD-10-CM-based AMI study were internally consistent with ICD-9-CM-based findings and externally consistent with ICD-9-CM-based studies, suggesting that this algorithm is ready for validation in future studies.
Levels of hepatitis B antibody titers are affected by age and doses gap time in children from a high endemic area of the western Amazon
Authors: Gomes Laura Cordeiro , Sanson Marina Cordeiro Gomes , Brainin Philip , de Melo Maria da Conceição Vieira , de Souza Rodrigo Medeiros , Mazaro Janaína , Lima Karine Oliveira , Resende Júnia Silva , Vieira Isabelle Victória Martins , Mesquita Edinilson da Silva , Matos Luan Oliveira , Dutra Isabelle Caroline Silva , Palmisano Giuseppe , Wrenger Carsten , Marinho Claudio Romero Farias , da Silva Rita do Socorro Uchôa 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDespite completion of the vaccine schedule for hepatitis B virus (HBV), children may display levels of HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs) that are considered inadequate for sufficient protection (<10 IU/L).AimsOur aim was to investigate if age and gap time between HBV vaccine doses may negatively affect the levels of anti-HBs in children, and if these relationships are modified by sex.MethodsIn a high-endemic HBV region of the western Brazilian Amazon we enrolled children who had completed the HBV vaccine schedule. All children underwent analysis of anti-HBs and a clinical examination.ResultsWe included 522 children (mean age 4.3 ± 0.8 years; 50% male). Median anti-HBs was 28.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 5.4 to 128.6] IU/L and 32% had anti-HBs <10 IU/L. The median gap time from last to preceding dose was 2.4 [IQR 2.1 to 3.3] months. Levels of anti-HBs decreased with higher age (-42% per year increase [95%CI -56% to -24%], p<0.001), but not with longer gap time (+23% per month increase [95%CI -16% to +62%], p = 0.249). After adjusting for relevant confounders, gap time became significant (p = 0.032) and age remained a significant predictor of anti-HBs (p<0.001).ConclusionOne third of assessed children displayed anti-HBs <10 IU/L. Levels of anti-HBs decreased with higher age and increased with longer gap time between the last two doses.
A public survey of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Chun Sing , Koon Ho Kee , Chung Vincent Chi-Ho , Cheung Yin Ting 
Published: July 2021

Background
During COVID-19, the public actively sought non-pharmacological and self-management approaches to prevent infection. Little is known on the use of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) by the public as preventive measures. This study investigated the prevalence and patterns of TCIM use during the pandemic, and identified factors associated with its use among the general population in Hong Kong.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020. The survey solicited information on the respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception of the pandemic, and use of TCIM before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of TCIM use.

Results
In total, 632 responses (completion rate = 88.1%) were analyzed. TCIM was used by 44.0% of respondents during the pandemic. The most popular forms of TCIM were vitamins or other dietary supplements (n = 160, 25.3%) and Chinese herbal medicine (n = 122, 19.3%) during the pandemic. The most frequently reported indication was strengthening the immune system, especially for vitamins or other dietary supplements (n = 142/160, 88.8%). Respondents who reported using TCIM were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–2.59), had higher education attainment (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.39–3.59), and older-aged (age >55 years: aOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.04–3.02). Respondents who resided in districts with moderate to high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.07–2.42) and had a higher level of risk perception (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were also more likely to use TCIM.

Conclusion
TCIM was used commonly in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccination and social distancing remain the mainstay of controlling the pandemic, professional bodies should proactively consider public preferences and provide information regarding the effectiveness and safety of TCIM for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Historia americana colonial en los manuales escolares: una mirada desde la construcción del Pensamiento Histórico y la formación de la Conciencia Histórica
Authors: Jurado Gonzalo 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo estudia textos escolares sobre historia americana colonial, comprendidos entre mediados del siglo veinte y la actualidad. Se realizó un recorrido posible a través de los manuales de historia para la escuela secundaria, para examinar las representaciones, los cambios, las permanencias y las adecuaciones en torno a la enseñanza de la historia de América en el período comprendido entre los siglos XVI y XIX. Además, se puso en diálogo a los manuales escolares con textos del ámbito universitario que se utilizan en la formación de docentes e investigadores. En este sentido, se compararon temas centrales acerca del período, trabajados en diferentes niveles educativos, para visualizar si existe una relación sustantiva entre ambos. Este contenido fue examinado, considerando dos conceptos medulares para la enseñanza de la historia: el Pensamiento Histórico y la Conciencia Histórica. Cabe considerar, por otra parte, que en ningún caso creemos que el Pensamiento Histórico o la Conciencia Histórica, se generen exclusivamente a partir de los textos escolares. Hay otras cuestiones como la coyuntura histórica, el docente, entre otros factores, que resultan centrales, pero, efectivamente los textos escolares posibilitan elementos para un análisis diacrónico.
Evaluation approaches to empowering interventions
Authors: Vojtek Ildikó 
Published: July 2021

Empowerment has been a widespread term since the 1990s and is common in contexts as social work, community development, psychology, medicine, and several other areas of human development and health. Empowerment is a process during which a person, an organization, or a community is enabled to identify themselves, to recognize their own power positions and to improve their unequal social situations (Varga, 2017). The evaluation of empowerment outcomes has been missing from the Hungarian professional literature. This review article focuses on the empowerment of adults through educational theatre and drama, and is based on the analysis of previous research results in the area.
Empowerment is a multi-level, context-dependent construct, hence, evaluating empowerment outcomes is challenging. Theorists of empowerment warn against creating a general instrument for measurement (Zimmerman, 1995). I reflect on quantitative, qualitative, and combined evaluation methods, such as the Psychological Empowerment Scale (Akey et al., 2000), the Empowerment Evaluation (Fetterman, 2001), and the Empowerment Measuring Tool (Jupp et al., 2010), also taking Wandersman and associates’ (2005) principles for empowerment evaluation into account.
A Column-Type Experimental Device for Investigating Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Expansive Soils
Authors: Rawat Abhishek , Baille Wiebke , Tripathy Snehasis , Schanz Tom 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a newly designed column-type experimental device for investigating the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of expansive soils. Sensors and monitoring instruments facilitated continuous and nondestructive measurements of temperature, relative humidity, water content, and total stresses in both axial and lateral directions at various preselected locations of the device. The design features and calibration of specific accessories are presented. System implementation and validation tests were performed to examine the performance of the device at an elevated temperature. In the context of underground storage of nuclear waste, a test was performed with a compacted Calcigel bentonite-sand mixture (50:50) to investigate the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of the material under an applied temperature gradient involving temperatures of 80°C and 20°C at the opposite ends of the sample. The test results highlighted the key features of temperature-driven processes in unsaturated compacted porous media. Thermal loading caused changes in the water content and relative humidity within the sample. During the temperature equilibration period, the thermal dilation phenomenon in the regions closer to the heat source was found to be responsible for the development of axial and lateral stresses in the sample. A longer duration of thermal loading caused volumetric shrinkage of the material, which in turn affected the magnitudes of both axial and lateral stresses.
Real-Time Data Analysis with Artificial Intelligence in Parts Manufactured by FDM Printer Using Image Processing Method
Authors: Özsoy Koray , Aksoy Bekir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, samples manufactured with polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) type printer were analyzed during the manufacturing process using image processing and real-time big data analysis. The purpose of real-time big data analysis is to provide an effective and efficient guide to the user in the manufacturing process regarding the manufactured part’s mechanical properties. In this study, compression samples were prepared according to ASTM D695-15, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics, test standards and subjected to mechanical tests. In the first stage of the research, using artificial neural networks (ANNs), processing parameters were estimated with 92.5 % accuracy according to the R2 performance evaluation criterion. In the second stage, each layer’s infill percentage and layer thickness of the compression sample were analyzed using image processing techniques. In the final stage of the study, using the Python programming language, a user-specific visual interface is designed for showing the results and graphics related to the material processing step in FDM 3D printing.
After Trump: Restoring Legitimacy to the Pardon Power
Authors: Love Margaret Colgate 
Published: July 2021

The guest editor’s introduction aims to provide an overview of Donald Trump’s extraordinary record of pardoning, and a road map to the essays in the Issue. Together the essays discuss ways to restore legitimacy to the pardon power and increase its usefulness to the presidency, by limiting some of the pardon power’s most extreme uses; supplementing the pardon power with statutory remedies so that the president is no longer personally responsible for so much routine criminal justice business; and managing the pardon power in a way that serves the presidency and not the parochial interests of federal prosecutors.
All of these ideas and arguments together suggest that the way to restoring pardon’s democratic legitimacy and usefulness to the president lies in shrinking the portfolio of routine chores for which pardon is now exclusively responsible, and in restoring the independence and stature of the pardon advisory process within the Justice Department. It would be both fitting and deeply ironic if Donald Trump’s irregular and undemocratic pardoning led to a more coherent and meaningful use of the constitutional power in the service of an enlightened presidential policy agenda, to a renewed commitment to the historically close relationship between pardon and the justice system, and even to a transformation of the Justice Department’s unforgiving prosecutorial culture.
Dual attack: targeting the rare co-occurrence of myasthenia gravis and Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine therapy
Authors: Arcellana Anna Elvira S , Adiao Karen Joy B , Buenaluz-Sedurante Myrna 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Occasionally, autoimmune disorders can come in twos. This double trouble creates unique challenges. Myasthenia gravis co-existing with autoimmune thyroid disease occurs in only about 0.14–0.2% of cases. The patient is a 27-year-old man with a 2-month history of bilateral ptosis, diplopia, with episodes of easy fatigability, palpitations, and heat intolerance. On physical exam, the patient had an enlarged thyroid gland. Myasthenia gravis was established based on the presence of ptosis with weakness of the intraocular muscles, abnormal fatigability, and a repetitive nerve stimulation study indicated neuromuscular junction disease. Episodes of fluctuating right shoulder weakness were also noted. He was also found to have elevated FT3, FT4, and a suppressed TSH. Thyroid ultrasound revealed thyromegaly with diffused parenchymal disease. Thyroid scintigraphy showed increased uptake function at 72.4% uptake at 24 h. TRAb was positive at 4.1 U/L. Patient was started on pyridostigmine which led to a significant reduction in the frequency of ocular muscle weakness. Methimazole was also initiated. Radioactive iodine at 14.9 mci was instituted for the definitive management of hyperthyroidism. After RAI, there was abatement of the hyperthyroid symptoms, as well as improvement in the status of the myasthenia gravis, with ptosis, diplopia, and right arm weakness hardly occurring thereafter despite the reduction of the pyridostigmine dose based on a symptom diary and medication intake record. Two distinct autoimmune conditions displayed a markedly improved clinical course with the institution of radioactive iodine therapy for Graves’ disease.

Learning points

The presence of ptosis, diplopia, and fluctuating muscle weakness are atypical in Graves’ disease and should prompt an investigation on the existence of concurrent myasthenia gravis. A prompt diagnosis of both conditions will enable the institution of appropriate management that would target both rare and challenging autoimmune diseases.

Selecting the therapeutic options with minimal risk of morbidity and mortality, which could lead to maximal benefit especially in a resource-limited setting is paramount.

Targeted non-surgical management can lead to the remission of two autoimmune diseases which can result in patient satisfaction and improved quality of life.
Índice temático de los números 61 a 70
Authors: Gapper Sherry E. 
Published: July 2021

The Subject Index of issues from 61 to 70 shows the growing interest of the academic community in carefully and meticulously approaching the material and intangible cultural heritage of our group of republics through the production of studies on Central American letters, linguistics, Spanish, and various indigenous languages, as well as with proposals on foreign languages in Costa Rica coming from the perspective of applied linguistics.
Initiation of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in Hospitalized Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Allison Bianca A. , Ritter Victor , Flower Kori B. , Perry Martha F. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES
To analyze factors associated with the initiation of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among adolescent patients in inpatient settings in the United States.

METHODS
This study is a secondary data analysis of the national Kids’ Inpatient Database 2016 data (N = 4200 hospitals). Eligible patients were hospitalized girls 10 to 20 years old. The primary outcome was initiation of LARC (ie, subdermal implant and/or intrauterine device [IUD]) while hospitalized. Covariables included age, race or ethnicity, insurance type, postpregnancy status, geographic region, hospital type (rural or urban), hospital size, and children’s hospital status. Bivariable statistics were calculated by using survey-weighted analysis, and a design-based logistic regression model was used to determine the adjusted odds of LARC initiation and of implant versus IUD initiation.

RESULTS
LARC initiation occurred in 0.4% (n = 3706) of eligible hospital admissions (n = 874 193). There were differences in LARC initiation by patient age, insurance type, race or ethnicity, postpregnancy status, hospital type, and hospital status (all P &lt; .01). In the adjusted model, older age, public insurance, nonwhite race or ethnicity, postpregnancy status, and urban, teaching or larger hospitals were independently associated with LARC initiation (all P &lt; .01). Smaller hospital size and postpregnancy status increased the odds of implant versus IUD initiation after stratifying by hospital region.

CONCLUSIONS
LARC initiation occurred in &lt;1% of adolescent hospitalizations, with 90% of those occurring in postpregnancy adolescents. Addressing LARC capacity in rural, nonteaching, and smaller hospitals is important in increasing access. Future research is needed to identify and close gaps in the number of adolescents desiring and initiating LARC in hospital settings.