bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐tracheal surfactant/budesonide versus surfactant alone: Comparison of two consecutive cohorts of extremely preterm infants
Authors: Moschino Laura , Nardo Daniel , Bonadies Luca , Stocchero Matteo , Res Giulia , Priante Elena , Salvadori Sabrina , Baraldi Eugenio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of intra‐tracheal (IT) surfactant/budesonide (SB) with that of surfactant alone (S) in reducing the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks post‐menstrual age (PMA), we included extremely preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in our tertiary neonatal level of care unit (Padua, Italy).Study DesignA retrospective chart review of two cohorts of extremely preterm VLBW neonates (<28+0 gestation weeks, birth weight [BW] < 1500 g) born in two consequent epochs (2017–2018/2018–2019) were compared. The SB group received surfactant (200 mg/kg 1st dose) and budesonide (0.25 mg/kg), while the S group received surfactant alone.ResultsAmong 68 neonates with RDS Grades III–IV, FiO2 ≥ 0.3 within 12 h of life, 18 were included in each group after matching for perinatal, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. IT SB did not affect the rate of BPD (Vermont Oxford Network, Jensen's, and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development BPD Workshop 2018 definitions), death, BPD, or death at 36 weeks PMA. Hypotension requiring inotropic support within the first 5 days was lower in those receiving the combined treatment (p = .03). The SB group had fewer admissions to pediatric ward due to respiratory causes up to 12 months of corrected age (p = .03).ConclusionThe preliminary results of this retrospective study suggest that in extremely preterm VLBW infants, IT SB for severe RDS did not affect the incidence of BPD, death, and BPD or death at 36 weeks PMA, compared to surfactant alone. The combined therapy proved to be safe in this population. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of early IT steroids on respiratory morbidity in preterm infants.
The overexpression and variant of CYP6G4 associated with propoxur resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica L.
Authors: You Chunmei , Shan Chao , Ma Zhuo , Zhang Yi , Zhao Rui , Gao Xiwu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe control of the housefly, Musca domestica, heavily relies on the application of insecticides. Propoxur, a carbamate, has been widely used for vector control. The housefly populations with high propoxur resistance display point mutations and overexpression of acetylcholinesterase. However, the roles of cytochrome P450 monoxygenases (P450s), as important detoxification enzymes, remain poorly understand in the housefly resistant to propoxur.RESULTSP450s were implied to contribute to propoxur resistance based on the synergism of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and the increase of P450 enzyme activity in the near‐isogenic line propoxur resistant strain (N‐PRS). Five P450 genes (CYP6G4, CYP6A25, CYP304A1, CYP6D3, and CYP6A1) by RNA‐sequencing comparison were significantly up‐regulated in the N‐PRS strain with >1035‐fold resistance to propoxur. A total of 13 non‐synonymous mutations of three P450 genes (CYP6G4, CYP6D3, and CYP6D8) were found in the N‐PRS strain. The amino acid substitutions of CYP6D3 and CYP6D8 were probably not resistance‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) because they were also found in the aabys susceptible strain. However, CYP6G4 variant in the N‐PRS strain was not found in the aabys strain. The conjoint analysis of mutations and a series of genetic crosses exhibited that the housefly propoxur resistance was strongly associated with the mutations of CYP6G4 gene.CONCLUSIONOur results suggested that a combination of up‐regulated transcript levels and mutations of CYP6G4 contributed to propoxur resistance in the housefly. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Teleconnections of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in a multi‐model ensemble of QBO‐resolving models
Authors: Anstey James A. , Simpson Isla R. , Richter Jadwiga H. , Naoe Hiroaki , Taguchi Masakazu , Serva Federico , Gray Lesley J. , Butchart Neal , Hamilton Kevin , Osprey Scott , Bellprat Omar , Braesicke Peter , Bushell Andrew C. , Cagnazzo Chiara , Chen Chih‐Chieh , Chun Hye‐Yeong , Garcia Rolando R. , Holt Laura , Kawatani Yoshio , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Kim Young‐Ha , Lott Francois , McLandress Charles , Scinocca John , Stockdale Timothy N. , Versick Stefan , Watanabe Shingo , Yoshida Kohei , Yukimoto Seiji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Quasi‐biennial Oscillation (QBO) dominates the interannual variability of the tropical stratosphere and influences other regions of the atmosphere. The high predictability of the QBO implies that its teleconnections could lead to increased skill of seasonal and decadal forecasts provided the relevant mechanisms are accurately represented in models. Here modelling and sampling uncertainties of QBO teleconnections are examined using a multi‐model ensemble of QBO‐resolving atmospheric general circulation models that have carried out a set of coordinated experiments as part of the Stratosphere‐troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) QBO initiative (QBOi). During Northern Hemisphere winter, the stratospheric polar vortex in most of these models strengthens when the QBO near 50 hPa is westerly and weakens when it is easterly, consistent with, but weaker than, the observed response. These weak responses are likely due to model errors, such as systematically weak QBO amplitudes near 50 hPa, affecting the teleconnection. The teleconnection to the North Atlantic Oscillation is less well captured overall, but of similar strength to the observed signal in the few models that do show it. The models do not show clear evidence of a QBO teleconnection to the Northern Hemisphere Pacific‐sector subtropical jet.
Improved simple linear profiling method with application to chemical gas sensors
Authors: Abbasi Saddam Akbar , Abbas Tahir , Adegoke Nurudeen Adedayo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn industrial applications, a functional relationship between the quality characteristics of interest is well represented by profile functions. These are often characterized by linear or nonlinear relationships that depend on the nature of the experimental study. A monitoring method based on linear profiles is known as linear profiling, which is commonly used because of its simplicity. In this article, we propose a new linear profiling method based on a homogenously weighted moving average (HWMA) chart to monitor the linear profile parameters. The HWMA chart is based on the idea of allocating a specific weight to the current estimate of the profiling parameter, and the remaining weight is circulated equally among the prior estimates. The performance of the proposed control chart was evaluated using the average run length criterion and further compared with existing charts for the monitoring of the linear profile parameter. Our simulation results revealed the superiority of the newly proposed chart in terms of its quick detection ability. An example concerning gas sensors from the chemical industry is also presented to illustrate the application of the proposed chart.
In situ detection of fatty acid C=C positional isomers by coupling on‐tissue mCPBA epoxidation with infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Tu Anqi , Garrard Kenneth P. , Said Neveen , Muddiman David C. 
Published: May 2021

RationaleUnsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) play vital roles in regulating cellular functions. In‐depth structural characterization of UFAs such as localizing carbon–carbon double bonds is fundamentally important but poses considerable challenges in mass spectrometry (MS) given that the most widely accessible ion activation method, low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID), primarily generates uninformative fragments (e.g., neutral loss of CO2) that are not suggestive of the double‐bond positions.Methodsm‐Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) was uniformly deposited onto the sample slides using a TM Sprayer, converting the carbon–carbon double bonds into epoxides under ambient conditions. The epoxidation product was ionized in situ by infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IR‐MALDESI‐MS), and subsequently cleaved via CID, generating a diagnostic ion pair associated with the double‐bond position. The reaction efficiency, sensitivity and relative quantification capability of the method were validated with five UFA standards dried on glass slides, and then this strategy was demonstrated on thin tissue sections of rat liver and human bladder.ResultsThe mCPBA reaction yielded conversion rates in the range of 44–60% in 10 min with high specificity and sensitivity. Further tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of the mono‐epoxidized products generated informative fragment ions specific to the double‐bond positions, and relative quantification of positional isomers in binary mixtures was performed across a wide mole fraction from 0 to 1. An innovative spiral scan pattern was utilized during data acquisition, elucidating the major isomeric compositions of multiple UFAs from a tissue section in a single run.ConclusionsThe on‐tissue mCPBA epoxidation was implemented into an ambient MS imaging workflow to offer a rapid and simple way for in situ identification and relative quantification of double‐bond positional isomers without the requirement for instrument modification. The method can be readily implemented on many other MS platforms to reveal the role of double‐bond positional isomers in lipid biology and to discover potential biomarkers.
Passivity‐based stochastic sampled‐data control of Markovian jump systems via looped‐functional approach
Authors: Yao Lan , Huang Xia , Wang Zhen , Xia Jianwei , Shen Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, passivity‐based sampled‐data control for Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with stochastic sampling is conducted by virtue of the looped‐functional approach. First, based on the input delay approach, the MJS under stochastic sampled‐data control is modeled as a time‐varying continuous‐time system with a random variable. Second, a time‐dependent looped‐functional is developed, which only requires its positive definiteness at the sampling instants and takes full use of the state information. Moreover, a free‐matrix‐based integral inequality is used to derive some less conservative passivity conditions expressed in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMIs). Meanwhile, a design algorithm for the mode‐dependent stochastic sampled‐data controller is provided. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed analysis method.
Seeking Middle Ground: Analyzing Running Records From the Top and Bottom
Authors: Stouffer Joe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResponding to recent challenges to Clay’s Running Records (2019) and their analysis using a three‐cueing system, the authorI examines this reading assessment from an additive perspective of both bottom‐up and top‐down orientations of reading instruction. Endorsing their inclusion among classroom reading assessments, the author I navigates the tension between the two orientations by examining signposts of both that can be found in Running Records. In the discussion, I include a corresponding framework to assist teachers’ interpretation and instructional planning for strategic actions, including searching for, using, and cross‐checking various sources of information; solving words; monitoring; self‐correcting; and maintaining fluency. When applied formatively, Running Records may be an assistive component in classroom reading assessment, yielding instruction targeting automaticity decoding and deeper comprehension.
Prenatal diagnosis of rhombencephalosynapsis: neuroimaging features and severity of vermian anomaly
Authors: Krajden Haratz K. , Oliveira Szejnfeld P. , Govindaswamy M. , Leibovitz Z. , Gindes L. , Severino M. , Rossi A. , Paladini D. , Garcia Rodriguez R. , Ben‐Sira L. , Borkowski Tillman T. , Gupta R. , Lotem G. , Raz N. , Hamamoto T. E. N. K. , Kidron D. , Arad A. , Birnbaum R. , Brussilov M. , Pomar L. , Vial Y. , Leventer R. J. , McGillivray G. , Fink M. , Krzeszowski W. , Fernandes Moron A. , Lev D. , Tamarkin M. , Shalev J. , Har Toov J. , Lerman‐Sagie T. , Malinger G. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the prenatal neuroimaging spectrum of rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) and criteria for its classification according to the severity of vermian anomaly.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study of fetuses with RES between 2002 and 2020, the medical records and brain ultrasound and magnetic resonance images were evaluated comprehensively to determine the severity of the vermian anomaly and the presence of associated brain findings. RES was classified, according to the pattern of vermian agenesis and the extent of the fusion of the hemispheres, as complete RES (complete absence of the vermis) or partial RES (further classified according to the part of the vermis that was missing and, consequently, the region of hemispheric fusion, as anterior, posterior, severe or mixed RES). Findings were compared between cases with complete and those with partial RES.ResultsIncluded in the study were 62 fetuses with a gestational age ranging between 12 and 37 weeks. Most had complete absence of the vermis (complete RES, 77.4% of cases), a ‘round‐shaped’ cerebellum on axial views (72.6%) and a transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) < 3rd centile (87.1%). Among the 22.6% of cases with partial RES, 6.5% were classified as severe partial, 6.5% as partial anterior, 8.1% as partial mixed and 1.6% as partial posterior. Half of these cases presented with normal or nearly normal cerebellar morphology and 28.5% had a TCD within the normal limits. Infratentorially, the fourth ventricle was abnormal in 88.7% of cases overall, and anomalies of the midbrain and pons were frequent (93.5% and 77.4%, respectively). Ventriculomegaly was observed in 80.6% of all cases, being more severe in cases with complete RES than in those with partial RES, with high rates of parenchymal and septal disruption.ConclusionsThis study provides prenatal neuroimaging criteria for the diagnosis and classification of RES, and identification of related features, using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. According to our findings, a diagnosis of RES should be considered in fetuses with a small TCD (severe cerebellar hypoplasia) and/or a round‐shaped cerebellum on axial views, during the second or third trimester, especially when associated with ventriculomegaly. Partial RES is more common than previously thought, but presents an extreme diagnostic challenge, especially in cases with normal or nearly‐normal cerebellar morphobiometric features. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Hydrogel‐based composites: Unlimited platforms for biosensors and diagnostics
Authors: Wang Zeyi , Liu Yanlei , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Xiao , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe need for biosensing systems, which are capable of reliable and accurate detection of physiological signals and disease biomarkers along with biocompatible surface chemistry and textures for device–human interface, has driven the continuous search for advanced sensing materials, sensing strategies, and device structures. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers with high water content and thus akin to human tissues. They are not only able to act as polymeric matrices to load functional materials for bio‐signal transducing, but also stimuli‐responsive to cooperate with the filler materials for further enhanced sensing performance. A vast combination of hydrogels and functional fillers such as biomacromolecules, metal nanostructures, carbon nanomaterials, and two‐dimensional materials beyond graphene has been demonstrated over the last decade for fabrication of biosensors for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. This review article aims to provide an overview of the various hydrogel‐based composites, introduce their preparation protocols, and describe the working principles of their corresponding sensors. Recent development of these sensors for potential diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases is then summarized, followed by stating the current challenges and prospects in this field.
Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: Perspectives for critical zone science and research on socio‐ecosystems
Authors: Fovet Ophelie , Belemtougri Axel , Boithias Laurie , Braud Isabelle , Charlier Jean‐Baptiste , Cottet Marylise , Daudin Kevin , Dramais Guillaume , Ducharne Agnès , Folton Nathalie , Grippa Manuela , Hector Basile , Kuppel Sylvain , Le Coz Jérôme , Legal Luc , Martin Philippe , Moatar Florentina , Molénat Jérôme , Probst Anne , Riotte Jean , Vidal Jean‐Philippe , Vinatier Fabrice , Datry Thibault 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) are now recognized to support specific freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services and represent approximately half of the global river network, a fraction that is likely to increase in the context of global changes. Despite large research efforts on IRES during the past few decades, there is a need for developing a systemic approach to IRES that considers their hydrological, hydrogeological, hydraulic, ecological, and biogeochemical properties and processes, as well as their interactions with human societies. Thus, we assert that the interdisciplinary approach to ecosystem research promoted by critical zone sciences and socio‐ecology is relevant. These approaches rely on infrastructure—Critical Zone Observatories (CZO) and Long‐Term Socio‐Ecological Research (LTSER) platforms—that are representative of the diversity of IRES (e.g., among climates or types of geology. We illustrate this within the French CZO and LTSER, including their diversity as socio‐ecosystems, and detail human interactions with IRES. These networks are also specialized in the long‐term observations required to detect and measure ecosystem responses of IRES to climate and human forcings despite the delay and buffering effects within ecosystems. The CZO and LTSER platforms also support development of innovative techniques and data analysis methods that can improve characterization of IRES, in particular for monitoring flow regimes, groundwater‐surface water flow, or water biogeochemistry during rewetting. We provide scientific and methodological perspectives for which this interdisciplinary approach and its associated infrastructure would provide relevant and original insights that would help fill knowledge gaps about IRES.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming
Authors: Kreplin Hanna N. , Santos Ferreira Carla Sofia , Destouni Georgia , Keesstra Saskia D. , Salvati Luca , Kalantari Zahra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWarming and hydrological changes have already affected and shifted environments in the Arctic. Arctic wetlands are complex systems of coupled hydrological, ecological, and permafrost‐related processes, vulnerable to such environmental changes. This review uses a systems perspective approach to synthesize and elucidate the various interlinked responses and feedbacks of Arctic wetlands to hydroclimatic changes. Starting from increased air temperatures, subsequent permafrost thaw and concurrent hydrological changes are identified as key factors for both shrinkage and expansion of wetland area. Other diverse factors further interact with warming, hydrological changes, and permafrost thaw in altering the Arctic wetland systems. Surface albedo shifts driven by land cover alterations are powerful in reinforcing Arctic warming, while vegetation‐related factors can balance and decelerate permafrost thaw, causing negative feedback loops. With the vast amounts of carbon stored in Arctic wetlands, their changes in turn affect the global carbon cycle. Overall, the systems perspectives outlined and highlighted in this review can be useful in structuring and elucidating the interactions of wetlands with climate, hydrological, and other environmental changes in the Arctic, including the essential permafrost‐carbon feedback.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Geysers
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGeysers, springs that intermittently erupt boiling water, appear to be especially sensitive to earthquakes. As they are a surface manifestation of geothermal systems, their response to earthquakes provides a window into how earthquakes change hydrothermal systems and processes. The most common approach to document responses to earthquakes is to identify changes in the interval between eruptions. Sustained changes in eruption intervals may be caused by changes in permeability. Confirming what processes lead to changes at geysers is hampered by limited reliable, quantitative multi-parameter data sets.
Stream Flow
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChanges in stream discharge after earthquakes are among the most interesting hydrologic responses because they are visible at Earth’s surface and can be dramatic. Here we focus on changes that persist for extended periods but have no obvious source. Such increases have been documented for a long time but their origins are still under debate. We first review some general characteristics of streamflow responses to earthquakes; we then discuss several mechanisms that have been proposed to explain these responses and the source of the extra water. The different hypotheses imply different crustal processes and different water–rock interactions during the earthquake cycle. In most instances, these hypotheses are under-constrained. We suggest that multiple mechanisms may be activated by an earthquake.
One-loop integrand from generalised scattering equations
Authors: Abhishek Md. , Hegde Subramanya , Saha Arnab Priya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Generalised bi-adjoint scalar amplitudes, obtained from integrations over moduli space of punctured ℂℙk − 1, are novel extensions of the CHY formalism. These amplitudes have realisations in terms of Grassmannian cluster algebras. Recently connections between one-loop integrands for bi-adjoint cubic scalar theory and $$ {\mathcal{D}}_n $$

D
n

cluster polytope have been established. In this paper using the Gr (3, 6) cluster algebra, we relate the singularities of (3, 6) amplitude to four-point one-loop integrand in the bi-adjoint cubic scalar theory through the $$ {\mathcal{D}}_4 $$

D
4

cluster polytope. We also study factorisation properties of the (3, 6) amplitude at various boundaries in the worldsheet.
Light-ray operators, detectors and gravitational event shapes
Authors: Gonzo Riccardo , Pokraka Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Light-ray operators naturally arise from integrating Einstein equations at null infinity along the light-cone time. We associate light-ray operators to physical detectors on the celestial sphere and we provide explicit expressions in perturbation theory for their hard modes using the steepest descent technique. We then study their algebra in generic 4-dimensional QFTs of massless particles with integer spin, comparing with complexified Cordova-Shao algebra. For the case of gravity, the Bondi news squared term provides an extension of the ANEC operator at infinity to a shear-inclusive ANEC, which as a quantum operator gives the energy of all quanta of radiation in a particular direction on the sky. We finally provide a direct connection of the action of the shear-inclusive ANEC with detector event shapes and we study infrared-safe gravitational wave event shapes produced in the scattering of massive compact objects, computing the energy flux at infinity in the classical limit at leading order in the soft expansion.