bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final Results of a 2:1 Control Case Observational Study with Interferon Beta and Interleukin-2 in Addition to First-Line Hormone Therapy in ER+ Endocrine Responsive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: Nicolini Andrea , Rossi Giuseppe , ferrari paola , Morganti Riccardo , Carpi Angelo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Following 22 additional months of post-operative follow-up and 6 further controls (total controls, n= 95) here the final results of a 2:1 control-case retrospective observational study are shown. Controls were ER+HER-2- metastatic breast cancer patients who were given first-line hormone therapy (HT) with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) or fulvestrant. Moreover 28 of them (28.9%) also received biological drugs including cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKis). Cases were 42 ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients who received the addition of interferon beta-interleukin-2 immunotherapy to first-line HT with selective estrogen receptor modulators/down-regulators (SERMs/SERDs). Median PFS and OS maintained significantly longer in the 42 studied patients who received hormone immunotherapy (HIT) than in the 95 controls (median time 33 vs 18 months, p=0.002 and 81 vs 62 months, p=0.019). In the analysis adjusted for disease-free interval (DFI), hormone receptor, HER-2 status, visceral involvement, AIs and biological therapy, the PFS and OS hazard ratio (HR) further increased in favor of the 42 cases (p = 0.004 and p = 0.044 respectively). In the same type of patients treated with AIs plus CKis a median PFS ranging from 25.3 to 28.18 months and a median OS of 37.5 months occurred. Overall, this strongly suggests multi-centre randomised clinical trials to enter our proposed immunotherapy into clinical practice.
High Incidence, Re-Infections, and Active Syphilis in Populations Attending a Specialized HIV Clinic in Mexico, a Dynamic Cohort Study
Authors: Tumalán-Gil Omar David , Ruiz-González Verónica , García-Cisneros Santa , González-Rodríguez Andrea , Herrera-Ortiz Antonia , Olamendi-Portugal Maria , Sanchez-Aleman Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background. Syphilis has reemerged in many vulnerable groups around the world. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of syphilis among people who attended a specialized HIV clinic in Mexico from 2011-2015. Methods. Databases from the laboratory were analyzed and four groups were formed: people seeking HIV-1 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), people in prison (PPr), people living with HIV (PLWH) and patients from primary care clinics (others). Syphilis diagnosis was made using the reverse algorithm; antibody titers were examined to determine the stage of infection. Baseline data was analyzed, and with follow-up information, a retrospective dynamic cohort was formed. Factors associated with seroprevalence of syphilis and active syphilis were evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, risk factors for the incidence of syphilis were described. Results. A total of 81,863 baseline individuals were analyzed. Syphilis seroprevalence was 9.9% in VCT, 8.2% in PPr, 37.0% in PLWH, and 8.7% in others; the prevalence of active syphilis was 1.7-13.1%. A total of 11,124 people were followed-up; the incidence (cases per 100 years people) was 3.5 among VCT and 16.0 among PLWH; moreover, the frequency of re-infections was 11.1-24.4%. Men, transgender, persons between 20-39 years old, and individuals with a history of HIV or hepatitis B had a higher risk of syphilis. Conclusions. Several vulnerable groups have exhibited a reemergence of syphilis, with high prevalence of active syphilis, high incidence, and re-infections. Persons living with HIV had the highest risk.
Which Personal Protective Equipment Should I Use while Caring for Children Attending the ED? Paediatric Emergency Procedures in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond
Authors: Craig Simon , Clark Julia , Starr Mike , Grindlay Joanne , Tagg Andrew , Buttery Jim , Borland Meredith L , Oakley Ed , Tran Viet , Lew Jamie , Thomson Fiona , Krieser David , Hort Jason , Kochar Amit , Lawton Benjamin , Bowen Asha , McMullan Brendan , Acworth Jason , Palasanthiran Pamela , Best Emma , Voss Lesley , Dalziel Stuart 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesTo determine recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) based on transmission risk for paediatric procedures in the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsTwo survey rounds were conducted in April-May 2020. The survey presented a number of emergency medicine procedures relevant to the care of children, and asked respondents to provide PPE recommendations according to levels of community transmission, and whether or not the child had symptoms of acute respiratory illness. ResultsParticipants were recruited by approaching relevant professional groups, with 15 from the PREDICT network and 12 from the Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID) Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ANZPID) Group. Airborne PPE is recommended for resuscitative procedures and various respiratory procedures in most situations There were differences in opinion between emergency and paediatric infectious disease specialists with regards to most appropriate PPE for children without symptoms of COVID-19 in a setting of low community transmission, and for procedures involving the head, neck or airway. In general, emergency physicians were more likely to favour airborne PPE than infectious disease specialists. In the setting of high community transmission, there was a stronger tendency to recommend at least droplet precautions for most procedures – regardless of whether or not the child had symptoms. ConclusionsDifferences in PPE recommendations for various paediatric procedures between infectious disease specialists and emergency physicians were identified. Further research is urgently needed to clarify and quantify risks for many common interventions and determine strategies for multidisciplinary consensus regarding future recommendations.
Effects of Synchronization Errors on Wavelet-based CR-OFDM Systems in Doubly Selective Fading Channels
Authors: RANGASWAMY ARJUN KETHUPURA , P Surekha T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Major Setback of a Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) is Synchronization Errors, which includes time, frequency and phase offset. Especially, Wavelet based MCM catches the eyes of researchers due to its flexibilities which are seen as one of the strong contender for Cognitive Radios. Synchronization errors are mainly due to mobility between nodes and sub-optimal local oscillators and it is necessary to learn the behavior of wavelets under these channel fading conditions. In this paper, we present the joint effects of Wavelet-based Cognitive Radio OFDM (CR-WOFDM) systems under Synchronization Error in terms of based bit error rate (BER). BER Outputs of WOFDM is compared with FFT based OFDM with Cyclic Prefix (CP-OFDM) systems in a doubly-selective channel by designing a communication system for computer simulation. Several well-known wavelets are chosen and analyzed, including Daubechies (db), Symlets (sym), Coiflets (coif), Fejér-Korovkin (fk) filters, and biorthogonal (bior) wavelets. First, we show the behavior of wavelets in terms of BER by considering different doubly selective channel Power Delay Profile (PDP) like, AWGN, FLAT, Pedestrian and Vehicular and channel Doppler models like, Uniform and JAKES. Finally, we calculate and plot Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) of WOFDM with Time and Frequency Offset and compared the results with FFT based CP-OFDM.
An Algorithm for Finding a Minimal Solution to Fuzzy Relation Inequalities with Addition-Min Composition
Authors: Wang Xue-Ping , Mi Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We first show a sufficient and necessary condition that a solution of fuzzy relation inequalities with addition-min composition is a minimal one. We then prove that for every solution of the fuzzy relation inequalities there exists a minimal solution that is less than or equal to the solution in a very different way. We finally give an algorithm to find a minimal solution for a given solution, which is illustrated by numerical examples.
Molecular genotypic diversity of populations of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis and development of SCAR marker for pesticide resistance
Authors: Murali Palraju , Hilda Karuppiah , Ramakrishnan Muthusamy , Ganesh Arumugam , Bhuvaragavan Sreeramulu , Janarthanan Sundaram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is a destructive pest of Solanum melongena. The control of L. orbonalis with extensive application of synthetic chemical insecticides resulted in the development of resistance with known genetic heterogeneity among populations. Understanding the genetic diversity of their populations is important in developing strategies for their management. The present investigation was performed to characterize populations of L. orbonalis for their genetic diversity in the entire region of Tamil Nadu, South India using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers as a tool of the molecular marker. Among sixty random 10-mer primers, only ten primers generated reproducible and scorable banding profile. Among the ten different random primers, the primers namely OPG 7, OPG 8, OPS 2 and OPS 7 generated the highest genetic variation with over 80% genetic polymorphism. Phylogram analysis produced 18 clusters with 8 major and 10 minor clusters. Cluster analysis, statistical fitness, population structure and analysis of molecular variance confirmed the significant genetic variation among different populations. A trait specific marker obtained through RAPD was cloned, sequenced and used to develop a stable diagnostic SCAR marker for DNA fingerprinting to distinguish the populations. Amplification of this locus in the samples of 20 different populations indicated recognition of the trait for pesticide resistance in 12 populations. The results suggest that the biochemical nature of host plant varieties of this insect pest and variation in the application of different insecticides are essential contributing factors for the genotypic variations observed among populations of L. orbonalis.
TEAD4 Induced Positive Feedback Activation of E2R/YAP1 Axis and Promoted Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition through Up-regulating TWIST1 Directly in HCC
Authors: Liu Lin , Ke Mi , Shang Chuzhi , Liu Yufang , Wang Cong , Zheng Xin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Great advance has been achieved in the investigation of Hippo signaling on mediating carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism that YAP1/TEAD4 signaling regulated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression have not been completely determined. This investigation aimed to determine the mechanism of activation of YAP1/TEAD4 pathway and its regulatory effect on hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods: The TCGA database and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses about HCC samples were carried out to analyze the expression of TEAD4 and its correlation with HCC prognosis. CCK-8, wound healing assay and transwell chamber with Matrigel were used to examine the role of TEAD4 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities. In vivo imaging system was used to observe the tumor formation in SCID mouse model. The mechanistic investigation was conducted with functional studies, Western immunoblotting, Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation.Results: Analysis of HCC samples revealed that TEAD4 was up-regulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent liver tissues, and its overexpression in HCC was significantly associated with worse prognosis, high serum AFP level, larger tumor size, PVTT, multiple tumor lesions, and microvascular invasion. Enforced expression of TEAD4 in HCC cell lines promoted the proliferation and growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The further functional studies showed that TEAD4 increased TWIST1 expression directly in the binding-promoter manner and then enhanced the migration and invasion of HCC cells via inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).TWIST1 was found to enhance E2R expression and consequently formed a positive feedback loop to activate the YAP1/TEAD4/TWIST1 axis.Conclusion: This investigation provided the functional and mechanistic basis for identifying the E2R/YAP1/TEAD4/TWIST axis as the oncogenic factor which inducing EMT and then accelerated HCC growth and invasion.
Effect of Training About Child Neglect and Abuse to Teachers and Its Effect to Awareness
Authors: GÜN İskender , ÇOPUR Adeviye , BALCI Elçin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of child neglect and abuse training on the knowledge and awareness of medical vocational schoolteachers in Turkey. Methods: This study was conducted with teachers from Kayseri, Turkey, between October 2016 and April 2017. Teachers who agreed to participate in the study received training on child neglect and abuse. Data were collected through a survey form and by the Scale for Identifying the Symptoms and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect. Data were analyzed through the software SPSS V.20.0. For statistical analyses, student’s t test, analysis of variance and McNemar tests were performed, with p< 0.05 value being considered statistically significant. Results: Of the teachers, 63.7% were female and 80.5% were married. Teachers’ mean age was 40.5 ± 9.9 years. Of the teachers, 87.4% reported the training was adequate. Teachers’ level of knowledge on neglect and abuse and the percentage of those who reported that they would report it to the authorities when faced with such a case increased after the training. Women teachers’ scores for the neglect and abuse scale increased among those without children and who found the training adequate. Conclusions: Teachers’ knowledge level in the study group prior to the training was found higher. The subject of child neglect and abuse should be further discussed during teachers’ formal training.
Demand for Cashew Nut Exports of Guinea-Bissau (1990-2011): VAR Model Application
Authors: Cateia Julio Vicente 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate via VAR the reaction of the export demand for Guinea-Bissau Cashew nuts to the shocks of world income, exchange rate and of the foreign and domestic prices and of the effects of the Civil War, which occurred in the country from 1990 to 2011. The main results obtained by analyzing the impulse response function and variance decomposition, showed that changes in domestic price and exchange rates don’t explain the external demand for this commodity. External demand responds to changes in global income and foreign price. Moreover, the Civil War of 1998 influenced the foreign demand. In the long run, external demand for cashew nuts doesn’t react to shocks in any of the variables in the model.
Design of 3D Printable Prosthetic Foot to Implement Nonlinear Stiffness Behavior of Human Toe Joint Based On Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Um Hui-Jin , Kim Heon-Su , Hong Woolim , Kim Hak-Sung , Hur Pilwon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The toe joint is one of the critical factors in designing a prosthetic foot. This is because its nonlinear stiffness provides a general feeling of springiness in the toe-off and it also affects the ankle kinetics. In this study, the toe part of the prosthetic foot was designed to improve walking performance. The toe joint was implemented as a single part suitable for 3D printing. The various shape factors such as curved shape, bending space, auxetic structure, and bending zone were applied to mimic human foot characteristics. The finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to simulate terminal stance (from heel-off to toe-off) using the designed prosthetic foot. To find the structure with characteristics similar to the human foot, the optimization was performed based on the toe joint geometries. As a result, the optimized foot showed good agreement with human foot behavior in the toe torque-angle curve. Finally, the simulation conditions were validated by comparing with human walking data and it was confirmed that the designed prosthetic foot structure can implement the human foot function.
Valproic Acid Accelerates Bone Repair via Activating Notch Signaling Pathway in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Tao Zhoushan , Li Tian-Lin , Xu Hong-Guang , Yang Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose was to observe whether Valproic acid (VPA) has a positive effect on bone defect repair via activating Notch signaling pathway in an OVX rat model. The MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with VPA and induced to osteogenesis, and the osteogenic activity was observed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red(RES) staining and Western blotting(WB). Then the hydrogel containing VPA was implanted into the femoral epiphysis bone defect model of ovariectomized(OVX) rats for 12 weeks. Micro-CT, Biomechanical testing, histology, Immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, WB analysis were used to observe the therapeutic effect and explore the possible mechanism. ALP and ARS staining and WB results show that the cell mineralization, osteogenic activity and protein expression of ALP, OPN, RUNX-2, OC, Notch 1, HES1, HEY1, JAG1 of VPA group is significantly higher than the Control group. Micro-CT, Biomechanical testing, histology, Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR evaluation show that, group VPA presented the stronger effect on bone strength, bone regeneration, bone mineralization, higher expression of VEGFA, BMP-2, ALP, OPN, RUNX-2, OC, Notch 1, HES1, HEY1, JAG1 of VPA when compared with OVX group. Our current study demonstrated that local treatment with VPA could stimulate repair of femoral condyle defects, and these effects may be achieved by activating Notch signaling pathway and acceleration blood vessel and bone formation.
Contribution of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors in a Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Large Family With SERPINA1 Gene Mutations
Authors: Popescu Cyprian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are not well understood, accumulated evidence supports the mixt role of genetic and environmental factors. Few reports of multiplex families with JIA were published until now. The aim of this study was to identify new genetic or environmental associations concerning the patients of a kindred with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (JIAPs).
Methods

Here, we characterized an extended multiplex family of 5 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (PsA) at the clinical and genetic level, using whole exome sequencing.
Results

We did not confirm in our family the linkage with the genetic factors already described that might be associated with increase susceptibility to JIA. We found a carrier status of siblings who inherited a pathogenic allele of the SERPINA1 gene from their mother who herself has two heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SERPINA1 gene.
Conclusions

Our data showed that JIA results from pleiotropic effects of environmental background with an only minor monogenic contribution. Even that a monogenetic factor could not be proved, some genetic factor as SERPINA1 mutations which can sensitize for psoriatic arthritis development seems to be involved. Further investigation must be done to prove whether SERPINA1 mutations may have a potential JIA causality.
Pharmaceutical R&amp;D Portfolio Optimization with Minimum Borrowed Capital Based on Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Zhang Ming-Yu , Liu Yong-Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to long lead times, uncertain outcomes and lack of enough historical data, pharmaceutical research and development (R$\&$D) portfolio selection is a often very complex decision issue.

The aim of this paper is to investigate pharmaceutical R$\&$D portfolio selection with unavailable and unreliable project information, where the borrowed capital is allowed.

Based on fuzzy set theory, we propose two pharmaceutical R$\&$D portfolio optimization models with minimum borrowed capital by taking into account corporate strategy in developing new products, scarcity of resources, lack of investment budget and cardinality constraint. In the two proposed models, the pharmaceutical R$\&$D company is assumed to achieve the objectives of maximizing terminal wealth and minimizing the cumulative borrowed capital over the whole investment horizon.

Then, we transform the two proposed bi-objective models into the corresponding single-objective models by using the weighted sum approach and employ the modified artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to solve the transformed models. Finally, we provide a numerical example to illustrate the application of the proposed models.
Synthesis of the SWCNTS/TiO2 Nanostructure and Its Effect on the Thermal, Optical, and Conductivity Properties of the CMC/PEO as Application of Low Energy Density Devices
Authors: alsulami qana A. , Rajeh A. . 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The TiO2 NPs synthesized by sol-gel method and the SWCNTs/TiO2 nanostructure fabricated by a simple mixing technique. By a solution casting process, pure CMC/PEO and SWCNTs/TiO2 nanohybrid doped CMC/PEO polymer blend films are prepared. It discussed the influence of polymer blend and MWCNTs/TiO2 nanohybrid loading on the properties of physical of the polymer blend. The XRD pattern shows that the average crystallite size of the nanoparticles for TiO2 and SWCNTs/TiO2 is 20 nm and 15 nm, respectively, and an increase in amorphicity was observed with an increase in doping. The interaction of CMC/PEO chains and SWCNTs/TiO2 nanohybrid is confirmed by FTIR spectra. The optical absorption spectrum shows that the energy gap reduces with the dopant increase. The miscibility between the CMC and PEO is demonstrated by DSC thermograms. An Enhancement in the thermal stability of the prepared samples with an increase in content of dopant is seen in the TGA analysis. The maximum value of the blend's AC conductivity is 4.77 10-5 S/m, and by increasing the loading of SWCNTs/TiO2 to 4.8 (wt.%) increased to 8.07 10-4 S/m. The conduction mechanism changed with SWCNTs/TiO2 loading from the correlated barrier hopping, in the blend, to the large Polaron tunneling. Usage of these nanocomposite films in the semiconductor industry is encouraged by the observed improvements in optical, thermal, and AC conductivity.
Family factors related to executive functioning in children with ADHD: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Reder Martyna , Lipowska Małgorzata , Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Sitnik-Warchulska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed among children and adolescents. The axial symptom is a deficit in cognitive functioning, including executive functioning. Some studies have shown that the quality of executive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD is modified by some characteristics of the family environment.MethodsThe authors plan to conduct a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Searches will be carried out in electronic databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and PubMed) and in the bibliography of identified publications. Relevant studies will be selected by using keywords and taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis will be performed using a specially design data spreadsheet. These activities will be carried out under appropriate methodological rigor to minimize the risk of bias.DiscussionConducting a systematic review will provide an opportunity to describe the current research on the topic. This action will allow us to summarize the knowledge from the published results. Possible gaps will be identified, and future directions for research projects in this field will be proposed.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021246496