bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production of volatile compounds in model casein systems with varying fat levels as affected by low‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Bui Anh Thi Hong , Cozzolino Daniel , Zisu Bogdan , Chandrapala Jayani 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe effects of low‐frequency ultrasound on the production of volatile compounds in model casein protein systems containing various fat concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% (w/w) were investigated. Ultrasound application was performed at 20 kHz for up to 10 min which corresponded to energy densities ranging from 9.54 to 190.8 J mL−1. Similar volatile compounds were detected both in pure fat and mixtures of casein and fat (CF) systems. These volatiles belonged to the groups of aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols and hydrocarbons, which were the products of oxidation of lipids or protein degradation due to acoustic cavitation. The amount of fat in the casein systems had minor effects on the production of volatiles, whereas the production of volatile compounds was significantly affected by the ultrasound treatment. Short sonication times <5 min generated similar volatile profiles to the untreated samples. In contrast, prolonged sonication for 5 and 10 min considerably increased the production of volatile compounds and the amounts of fatty acids. Thus, the application of low–frequency ultrasound for short periods should be considered to minimise the production of volatile compounds which can ultimately affect the taste.
Reduced expansion of CD94/NKG2C+ NK cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and CLL‐like monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis is not related to increased human cytomegalovirus seronegativity or NKG2C deletions
Authors: Puiggros Anna , Blanco Gonzalo , Muntasell Aura , Rodríguez‐Rivera María , Nonell Lara , Altadill Mireia , Puigdecanet Eulàlia , Arnal Magdalena , Calvo Xavier , Gimeno Eva , Abella Eugènia , Abrisqueta Pau , Bosch Francesc , Yélamos José , Ferrer Ana , López‐Botet Miguel , Espinet Blanca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDysregulated NK cell‐mediated immune responses contribute to tumor evasion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), although the NK cell compartment in CLL‐like monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is poorly understood. In healthy individuals, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces the expansion of NK cells expressing high levels of CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptor (NKR) specific for HLA‐E.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of NKG2A, NKG2C, ILT2, KIR, CD161, and CD57 in 24 MBL and 37 CLL. NKG2C was genotyped in these patients and in 81 additional MBL/CLL, while NKG2C gene expression was assessed in 26 cases. In 8 CLL patients with increased lymphocytosis (≥20 × 109/L), tumor HLA‐E and HLA‐G expression was evaluated.ResultsNKR distribution did not significantly differ between MBL and CLL patients, although they exhibited reduced NKG2C+ NK cells compared with a non‐CLL group (4.6% vs 12.2%, P = .012). HCMV+ patients showed increased percentages of NKG2C+ NK cells compared with HCMV− (7.3% vs 2.9%, P = .176). Frequencies of NKG2C deletions in MBL/CLL were similar to those of the general population. Low/undetectable NKG2C expression was found among NKG2C+/− (45%) and NKG2C+/+ (12%) patients. CLL cases with increased lymphocytosis displayed especially reduced NKG2C expression (1.8% vs 8.1%, P = .029) and tumor cells with high HLA‐E (>98%) and variable HLA‐G expression (12.4%, range: 0.5‐56.4). CLL patients with low NKG2C expression (<7%) showed shorter time to first treatment (P = .037).ConclusionReduced percentages of CD94/NKG2C+ NK cells were observed in CLL and MBL patients independently of HCMV serostatus and NKG2C zygosity, particularly in CLL patients with increased lymphocytosis, which could potentially be related to the exposure to tumor cells.
Association of electronic health literacy with health‐promoting behaviours in adolescents
Authors: Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar , Kartal Asiye , Turan Türkan , Taşdemir Yiğitoğlu Gülay , Kocakabak Cansel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the electronic health (e‐health) literacy level of high school students and its relationship with their health‐promoting behaviours.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted between April and May 2018. The study sample consisted of 409 students, who were aged between 14 and 19 years old, in three high schools located in the city centre of Denizli. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the predictive variables for six dimensions of health‐promoting behaviours.ResultsIn this study, the mean (SD) e‐health literacy score of 27.89 (6.19) was slightly above moderate level. e‐Health literacy was found to significantly predict all six dimensions of health‐promoting behaviours positively, that is, e‐health literacy was determined to predict the dimensions of nutritional behaviours (β = 0.64, P < 0.001), life appreciation (β = 0.55, P < 0.001), social support (β = 0.72, P < 0.001), exercise (β = 0.36, P < 0.001), stress management (β = −0.22, P < 0.001) and health responsibility (β = 0.68, P < 0.001).ConclusionWith e‐health literacy significantly predictive of health‐promoting behaviours, nurses are recommended to consider the e‐health literacy levels of adolescents in the health‐promoting programs they design.
Mechanism of hypertensive crisis during energy device ablation of the adrenal gland: An experimental animal study
Authors: Fujisaki Akira , Takayama Tatsuya , Suzuki Motofumi , Kubo Taro , Teratani Takumi , Kurokawa Shinsuke , Kameda Tomohiro , Komatsubara Maiko , Morita Tatsuo , Fujimura Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo elucidate the mechanism of hypertensive crisis during energy device ablation of the adrenal gland.MethodsElectrocoagulation on the adrenal glands of six pigs was carried out with the same energy device (VIO300D) using four methods: (i) monopolar coagulation; (ii) monopolar soft coagulation using IO‐advanced ball‐type electrodes; (iii) bipolar soft coagulation by pinching; and (iv) bipolar soft coagulation by non‐pinching (surface contact) using Bipolar forceps Premium. After electrocoagulation for 5 s, blood pressure and pulse changes were monitored, and adrenal hormones were measured from a central vein. The adrenal glands were removed, and the degree of tissue damage was scored histologically.ResultsHypertensive crisis occurred with electrocoagulation of the adrenal gland by the monopolar coagulation, monopolar soft coagulation and bipolar soft coagulation pinching methods. Blood pressure did not change with the bipolar soft coagulation non‐pinching method. Pathologically, tissue damage to the adrenal medulla was associated with elevated blood pressure and adrenaline and noradrenaline release.ConclusionsHypertensive crisis caused by energy device ablation to the adrenal gland is caused by the release of catecholamines due to heat damage to the adrenal medulla rather than the type of energy device. Proper use of an energy device that does not cause thermal degeneration of the medulla is required to prevent hypertensive crisis.
Professor Serara Kupe‐Mogwe’s contribution to development of the nursing profession in Botswana
Authors: McFarland D. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this communication is to pay tribute to a nursing pioneer of our time, Professor Serara Kupe‐Mogwe, for her outstanding contribution to development of the nursing profession in Botswana. I pay this tribute in response to the World Health Organization’s declaration of 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife.MethodsData supporting this manuscript were obtained through Internet searches, local newspapers, and interviews with those who knew her.ResultsKupe‐Mogwe’s contributions to nursing in Botswana are presented.ConclusionThe legacy she has left is celebrated and should be remembered.Implications for Nursing and/or Health policyThe findings have implications for nursing education, nursing leadership, and acknowledgment of women and their contribution.
Perceived human and material costs of disasters as drivers of donations
Authors: Zagefka Hanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAre disaster relief appeals more successful if they emphasize the material cost of disaster events in terms of economic damages and need for shelter, food, and health care, or if they emphasize the human cost in terms of psychological suffering and trauma caused? Although giving patterns seem to suggest that large‐scale events that cause widespread material damage (e.g., the Asian Tsunami of 2004) are more successful at eliciting donations than smaller scaled events, it is argued that this pattern is explained by the fact that large perceived material damage leads to more perceived human suffering. In other words, it is the perceived human suffering which is the proximal driver of donations, rather than the material damage itself. Therefore, relief appeals that emphasize the human cost of events are more successful at eliciting donations than appeals that emphasize the material cost of events. This was demonstrated in a study focusing on donations by British participants (N = 200) to the Syrian refugee crisis in 2020, a study focusing on donations by British participants to victims of severe weather events in Eastern and Southern Africa in 2020 (N = 210), and a study among British participants focusing on a fictitious event (N = 150).
Mindful BALANCE (breathe act learn about ‘now’ care everyday): A pilot project for depressed female adolescents
Authors: Rich Beverly Waldman , Stager Sharon L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProblemMajor depressive episodes in adolescent females have increased during the past decade, placing them at risk to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, unsafe thoughts, suicidal ideation, and lethal actions. Mindfulness, a tool for stress management, is underutilized.MethodsMindful BALANCE (Breathe Act Learn About ‘Now’ Care Everyday), a group therapy pilot program introduced a variety of mindfulness activities. The extended mindfulness followed the Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE), a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skills Building (CBSB) Healthy Lifestyle program. The pilot program was offered in an outpatient mental health department for 7 weeks.FindingsMindful BALANCE is a feasible program as an adjunct to individualized psychotherapy. Six subjects engaged without absence with a completion rate of 83%. Six subjects had pre‐ and post‐scores for depression and anxiety decrease. Mindfulness practice was reported to decrease the perception of stress.ConclusionMindful BALANCE decreased perceived depression and anxiety symptoms while positively impacting healthy activities in adolescent females. Further research is necessary to readdress feasibility and extended mindfulness components in improving global well‐being and diminishing suicide risk.
Diffusing the Abolitionist Norm in Japan: EU ‘Death Penalty Diplomacy’ and the Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in EU–Japan Relations
Authors: Bacon Paul , Nakamura Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article uses Börzel and Risse's norm diffusion framework to conceptualize and evaluate the EU's ‘death penalty diplomacy’ in Japan. Despite the ‘exceptional’ nature of Japanese politics with regard to the death penalty the EU has enjoyed numerous successes in its attempts to diffuse the abolitionist norm within Japan. These successes have occurred through both direct and indirect methods of norm diffusion, and through socialization, persuasion and functional emulation. Despite the dramatic increase in executions in Japan in 2018, in practice the EU and Japan have established an understanding that executions will in future stabilize at a low and symbolic level. The EU has also co‐funded research that successfully challenged the Japanese government's public opinion polling‐based justification for retaining the death penalty. This research also played an important role in socializing and persuading the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations to change its official position and to support the abolition of the death penalty.
Evidence‐based traditional Chinese medicine research: Two decades of development, its impact, and breakthrough
Authors: Tian Guihua , Zhao Chen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Mu Wei , Jiang Yin , Wei Xuxu , Zhao Mengzhu , Shi Zhaofeng , Jin Yinghui , Si Jinhua , Wang Jiaying , Hu Jiayuan , Guan Manke , Qiu Ruijin , Zhong Changming , Li Min , Sun Yang , Chen Zhao , You Liangzhen , Li Jinyu , Shang Hongcai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been over 20 years since the introduction of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) into the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The development of evidence‐based TCM research has profoundly influenced the process of clinical research and decision‐making, impelling researchers to pay attention to raise evidence quality, accumulate data, and explore appropriate evaluation methods adaptive to TCM original theories and knowledge. In this paper, the authors aim to summarize and review the existing work and seek promising research interests in this field, expecting to inspire more thoughts leading to breakthroughs in the near future.
Development and usability evaluation of VOICES: A digital health tool to identify elder mistreatment
Authors: Abujarad Fuad , Ulrich Davis , Edwards Chelsea , Choo Esther , Pantalon Michael V. , Jubanyik Karen , Dziura James , D'Onofrio Gail , Gill Thomas M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesA major barrier for society in overcoming elder mistreatment is an inability to accurately identify victims. There are several barriers to self‐reporting elder mistreatment, including fear of nursing home placement or losing autonomy or a caregiver. Existing strategies to identify elder mistreatment neglect to empower those who experience it with tools for self‐reporting. In this project, we developed and evaluated the usability of VOICES, a self‐administrated digital health tool that screens, educates, and motivates older adults to self‐report elder mistreatment.DesignCross‐sectional study with User‐Centered Design (UCD) approach.SettingYale School of Medicine and the Agency on Aging of South‐Central Connecticut.ParticipantsThirty eight community‐dwelling and cognitively intact older adults aged 60 years and older, caregivers, clinicians, and social workers.InterventionA tablet‐based self‐administrated digital health tool that screens, educates, and motivates older adults to self‐report elder mistreatment.MeasurementsQualitative and quantitative data were obtained from: (1) focus groups participants including: feedback from open‐ended discussion, demographics, and a post‐session survey; (2) usability evaluation including: demographics, usability measures, comfortability with technology, emotional state, and open‐ended feedback.ResultsFocus group participants (n = 24) generally favored using a tablet‐based tool to screen for elder mistreatment and expressed comfort answering questions on elder mistreatment using tablets. Usability evaluation participants (n = 14) overall scored VOICES a mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 86.6 (median = 88.8), higher than the benchmark SUS score of 68, indicating excellent ease of use. In addition, 93% stated that they would recommend the VOICES tool to others and 100% indicated understanding of VOICES' information and content.ConclusionOur findings show that older adults are capable, willing, and comfortable with using the innovative and self‐administrated digital tool for elder mistreatment screening. Our future plan is to conduct a feasibility study to evaluate the use of VOICES in identifying suspicion of mistreatment.
Central signalling cross‐talk between insulin and leptin in glucose and energy homeostasis
Authors: Boucsein Alisa , Kamstra Kaj , Tups Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnergy homeostasis is controlled by an intricate regulatory system centred in the brain. The peripheral adiposity signals insulin and leptin play a crucial role in this system by informing the brain of the energy status of the body and mediating their catabolic effects through signal transduction in hypothalamic areas that control food intake, energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Disruptions of insulin and leptin signalling can result in diabetes and obesity. The central signalling cross‐talk between insulin and leptin is essential for maintenance of normal healthy energy homeostasis. An important role of leptin in glucoregulation has been revealed. Typically regarded as being controlled by insulin, the control of glucose homeostasis critically depends on functional leptin action. Leptin, on the other hand, is able to lower glucose levels in the absence of insulin, although insulin is necessary for long‐term stabilisation of euglycaemia. Evidence from rodent models and human patients suggests that leptin improves insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. The signalling cross‐talk between insulin and leptin is likely conveyed by the WNT/β‐catenin pathway. Leptin activates WNT/β‐catenin signalling, leading to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, a key inhibitor of insulin action, thereby facilitating improved insulin signal transduction and sensitisation of insulin action. Interestingly, insights into the roles of insulin and leptin in insects and fish indicate that leptin may have initially evolved as a glucoregulatory hormone and that its anorexigenic and body weight regulatory function was acquired throughout evolution. Furthermore, the regulation of both central and peripheral control of energy homeostasis is tightly controlled by the circadian clock, allowing adaptation of homeostatic processes to environmental cues.
Rethinking rural‐urban linkages: Villages and agribusiness in the Ecuadorian Highlands
Authors: Martínez Valle Luciano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article addresses current linkages between rural villages and agribusiness in two rural territories in the Ecuadorian highlands. It seeks to analyse rural space endogenously or “from the inside” in order to highlight the socio‐economic changes that have been generated in rural villages embedded in territories dominated by agribusiness. These changes correspond not only to the capitalist dynamics generated by these agribusinesses but also to the responses of local actors. Far from disappearing from the rural scene, these villages have adapted to different degrees to the new conditions and opportunities within the territory. In no way, they can be considered as passive recipients of the capitalist dynamics implemented over the last three decades. On the contrary, to the extent that they have managed to reactivate their productive functions in a diversified manner, they have laid the social and material bases for their continued territorial relevance and permanence.
The clinical spectrum of periorbital vascular complications after facial injection
Authors: Lee Ko‐Eun , Kim Gye‐Jung , Sa Ho‐Seok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerious complications due to periorbital vascular occlusion can occur after facial injections, including skin necrosis, ophthalmoplegia, blepharoptosis, and visual loss. Visual loss after facial filler injection is particularly rare, but it is known to have a poor prognosis despite treatment.AimsThis study aimed to describe the prognosis and various clinical features of periorbital vascular complications after facial injection of cosmetic filler or local anesthetic.Patients/MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study included 10 consecutive patients who presented with occluded periorbital vessels after facial injection.ResultsNine patients were injected with cosmetic facial fillers: seven with hyaluronic acid, one with collagen, and one with poly‐Llactic acid. The other patient was injected with lidocaine mixed with epinephrine. Injection sites included the glabella (n = 5), nasal dorsum (n = 4), and temporal fossa (n = 1). Presumed arteries affected included the central (n = 2) or branch (n = 3) retinal artery, ophthalmic artery (n = 4), and angular artery (n = 1). Nine patients (90%) had purpura and blisters, and eight patients (80%) had ophthalmoplegia at presentation, but all of them recovered within 3 months. Six patients (60%) were blind at the last follow‐up, and five of them had occlusion of the central retinal artery or ophthalmic artery. There was a patient with sequelae of phthisis bulbi, which was cosmetically managed with retrobulbar filler injections.ConclusionFacial injections can cause periorbital arterial occlusion, and the clinical features are diverse according to the site and extent of vascular occlusion and injection materials. Visual prognosis was associated with the site of vascular occlusion and initial visual acuity. Other common complications, such as skin lesions, blepharoptosis, and limited extraocular movement, can fully resolve only with supportive treatments in most cases.
Supportive interventions for family members of very seriously ill patients in inpatient care: A systematic review
Authors: Soikkeli‐Jalonen Anu , Mishina Kaisa , Virtanen Heli , Charalambous Andreas , Haavisto Elina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically review existing literature exploring supportive interventions for family members of very seriously ill patients in inpatient care.BackgroundBeing around a patient with a very serious illness in inpatient care setting is stressful and burdensome for family members. There is little information available on interventions that support family members of very seriously ill patients in inpatient care.DesignA systematic review.MethodsThe literature review was conducted in May 2020 using four databases: PubMed (Medline), CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane. A quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before‐After (Pre‐Post) Studies With No Control Group by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The PRISMA checklist was used to support specific reporting and the TIDieR checklist to form detailed descriptions of the interventions.ResultsOf the 7165 identified studies, 11 studies were included in the review based on predetermined criteria. Interventions were based on meetings with family members, education or therapy. Mindfulness‐ and therapy‐based interventions and multiple‐session tailored interventions showed beneficial outcomes for psychological symptoms and educational interventions on preparedness and self‐efficacy. Several different measuring instruments to evaluate similar outcomes, such as psychological symptoms and coping, were used.ConclusionsOnly a few supportive interventions for family members of very seriously ill patients in inpatient care were found, which made comparing the differences in the varying study methods and outcomes difficult. More studies on supportive interventions and their feasibility and effectiveness are essential. Further evaluation of instruments is necessary to identify the most valid and reliable ways of measuring symptoms and coping.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results of this study can be used in clinical practice when selecting effective interventions or assessing family members' need for support. Additionally, the results can be used for guidance when developing new, effective interventions.