bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tele‐STELLA protocol: Telehealth‐based support for families living with later‐stage Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lindauer Allison , Messecar Deborah , McKenzie Glenise , Gibson Allison , Wharton Whitney , Bianchi Allison , Tarter Robin , Tadesse Ruth , Boardman Charles , Golonka Ona , Gothard Sarah , Dodge Hiroko H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsWe aim to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the Tele‐STELLA (Support via Telehealth: Living and Learning with Advancing Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias) intervention. We will also assess the efficacy of the intervention in reducing the frequency of behavioural symptoms of dementia as well as family Care Partner reactivity to the symptoms.DesignThis is a multi‐component, quasi‐experimental study that focuses on facilitating effective management of behavioural symptoms that occur in the later stages of dementia.MethodsFamily Care Partners (n = 124) for persons with Alzheimer's disease will participate in two 8‐week videoconferencing components that address behavioural symptoms—in both the persons with Alzheimer's disease and their Care Partners. In the first component (‘Nova’), Care Partners work with one nurse for an hour/week for 4 weeks, then they join a small group for another 4 weeks. In the second component (‘Constellation’), Care Partners work in a larger group to hone skills and knit supportive relationships. Behavioural symptom frequency and Care Partner reactivity to the behaviours will be measured prior to, during and after the intervention. The study is funded by the United States National Institute on Aging (R01AG067546); funding was initiated as on February, 2021.DiscussionTele‐STELLA fills a gap in current videoconference‐based psychoeducational interventions in that it offers real‐time interaction with nurses and peers. The intervention was designed with feedback by pilot participants. This study will assess Tele‐STELLA in its current, novel format; thus, preparing it for a larger, future randomized controlled trial.ImpactTele‐STELLA addresses symptoms that occur in the later stages of dementia, providing families with tools to facilitate effective behavioural management. Because Tele‐STELLA is implemented via videoconferencing, it targets Care Partners who face barriers to support, such as cost and transportation.Trial RegistrationThis trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT04627662).
Gallic acid mitigates LPS‐induced inflammatory response via suppressing NF‐κB signalling pathway in IPEC‐J2 cells
Authors: Cai Long , Wei Zixi , Zhao Xuemei , Li Yanpin , Li Xilong , Jiang Xianren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGallic acid is a phenolic compound that exhibits antibacterial, antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory functions. In a previous study, we found that dietary supplementation with gallic acid decreased incidence of diarrhoea and protected intestinal integrity in weaning piglets. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, a pig intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC‐J2) was used as an in vitro model to explore the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory capacity of gallic acid. IPEC‐J2 cells were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish oxidative and inflammatory models, respectively. Results showed that H2O2 significantly decreased catalase (CAT) secretion and CAT mRNA abundance in the cells (p < 0.05), while pretreatment with gallic acid did not prevent the decrease in CAT expression induced by H2O2. However, gallic acid pretreatment mitigated the increased expression of the tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐8 genes caused by LPS in IPEC‐J2 cells (p < 0.05). In addition, pretreatment with gallic acid significantly suppressed phosphorylation of NF‐κB and IκBα in LPS‐stimulated IPEC‐J2 cells. Moreover, LPS stimulation decreased the protein abundance of zona occludens 1 (ZO‐1) and occludin, while pretreatment with gallic acid preserved expression level of tight junction proteins ZO‐1 and occludin in LPS‐stimulated IPEC‐J2 cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gallic acid may mitigate LPS‐induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF‐κB signalling pathway, exerting positive effects on the barrier function of IPEC‐J2 cells.
The Ideological and Religious Bases of Attitudes Toward Pope Francis in the United States
Authors: Federico Christopher M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince his election in 2013, Pope Francis has achieved influence as a religious leader while also impacting political discussions through his teachings on social justice and environmental matters. In the United States, his teachings on these topics have generated some controversy among right‐leaning figures. In this study, I look at whether this controversy is reflected in mass opinion about Pope Francis. Using data from three national surveys of Americans, I find that individuals who identify with the political right evaluate Francis more negatively. Qualifying this, Catholic religious affiliation weakens the tendency for right‐wing identifiers to evaluate Francis more negatively, while strengthening the tendency for those high in religiosity to evaluate the pope positively. Finally, consistent with the idea that politically aware individuals are more likely to make ideologically informed judgments, the relationship between identification with the political right and negative evaluations of Pope Francis was stronger among the politically engaged.
Factors affecting urinary frequency after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Uematsu Toshitaka , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Asakawa Isao , Hori Shunta , Yamaki Kaori , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesLower urinary tract symptoms are transiently exacerbated by low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (LDR‐BT) for prostate cancer and recover to pretreatment levels 1 year thereafter. Generally, these symptoms are influenced by temperature. We aimed to search for factors affecting the lower urinary tract symptoms after seed implant including seasons.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 812 patients who underwent LDR‐BT at Nara Medical University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 and for whom the International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and frequency volume charts were available. We investigated the relationships between lower urinary tract symptoms, 24‐hours urinary frequency, 24‐hours urinary volume before and after seed implant, radiation dose, and season of seed implant.ResultsThe mean age was 69.5 years. The mean prostate volume was 24.2 mL. The International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and 24‐hours urinary frequency increased until 3 months and gradually decreased over 6 months after seed implant. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 24‐hours urinary frequency at 3 months after seed implant was significantly influenced by external beam radiotherapy, larger prostate volume before implant, higher 24‐hours urinary frequency at baseline, larger 24‐hours urinary volume at 3 months after implant, and performance of implant in summer.ConclusionsLower urinary tract symptoms worsened 3 months after seed implant of LDR‐BT regardless of the season of implant. The urinary frequency 3 months after seed implant was slightly lower when seed implant was performed in the summer.
Quantitative shock measurement of olivine in ureilite meteorites
Authors: Li Yaozhu , McCausland Phil J. A. , Flemming Roberta L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUreilites are the second most abundant achondrite meteorite group, yet they are from an unknown source. They are ultramafic in composition and have undergone thermal metamorphism as well as shock deformation since their formation. In this work, olivine grains from six monomict ureilites, Northwest Africa 7059, Elephant Moraine 96042, Shişr 007 (all ˜shock level S3), Northwest Africa 2221 (S3‐S4), Larkman Nunatak 04315 (S5), and Allan Hills A81101 (˜S6) and one polymict ureilite, Elephant Moraine 87720 (S5), were examined by in situ micro‐X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It is observed in this study that with increasing shock, the samples develop more complicated 2‐D XRD patterns from diffracted spots, to streaks, to asterism, and “spotty” Debye rings, and these patterns correspond to shock metamorphic effects observed by optical microscopy from undulatory extinction to mosaicism and annealing or recrystallization textures. These 2‐D XRD patterns, representing olivine strain‐related mosaicity (SRM), as documented by given lattice planes, were each measured as the sum of the full‐width‐half‐maximum along the Debye ring or χ dimension (∑[FWHMχ]) to quantify the shock‐related deformation recorded in the olivine grains. In each meteorite, all olivine lattice planes show similar measured ∑(FWHMχ) values for the diffraction streaks. This work demonstrates an increasing trend of average ∑(FWHMχ) in degrees of arc, 4.0 ± 1.7°, 4.1 ± 1.4°, 3.7 ± 1.8° (all S3), 4.9 ± 2.1° (S3–S4), 7.0 ± 3.5° (S5), 13.4 ± 5.7° (S6), and 7.5 ± 3.3° (polymict, S5), which agrees well with petrographic observations. This quantitative method contributes to a more comprehensive shock classification system specifically for ureilites, complementing recently published shock classification systems for olivine‐bearing rocks.
Good Minzu and bad Muslims: Islamophobia in China's state media
Authors: Stroup David R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince 2014, observers of Chinese society have noted an upsurge in Islamophobic sentiment among China's ethnic majority Han. China's Muslims, in particular those who identify as Hui and Uyghur, report an increase in harassment, both online and in person. This Islamophobic backlash occurs in conjunction with retrenchments by the Chinese state on the right to practice religion. What gives rise to this increase in bigotry? This pilot study examines official discourse about Islam through an inductive analysis of the presentation of Muslims in China's state media. Using a process of constant comparative analysis, I examine the state media's portrayal of Muslims in the flagship newspaper, The People's Daily. Drawing from a sample of 70 articles published between 2014 and 2018, I argue that the party's depiction of Muslim minorities in China emphasizes ethnic rather than religious identities, while coverage of global Islam emphasizes Islam as dangerous and associated with extremism. I contend that such depictions carry the unintended consequence of arousing suspicions about China's Muslims among Han.
Managing unusual sensory experiences: A feasibility trial in an At Risk Mental States for psychosis group
Authors: Dodgson Guy , Aynsworth Charlotte , Mitrenga Kaja J. , Gibbs Chistopher , Patton Victoria , Fernyhough Charles , Dudley Robert , Ewels Carina , Leach Louise , Alderson‐Day Ben , Common Stephanie 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo conduct a feasibility study on a new, tablet‐delivered treatment for unusual sensory experiences in service‐users with an At Risk Mental States for psychosis.DesignA mixed method design was employed, using content analysis to investigate whether service‐users and therapists found the new treatment acceptable and helpful. We also collected data on the impact of treatment, but without a control group could not make any claims about effectiveness.MethodsEligible participants were contacted before starting treatment and offered the chance to participate. Assessments were conducted before and after the treatment, which typically was completed in 4–6 sessions by an accredited CBT therapist. A structured interview was used to collect qualitative feedback.ResultsQualitative feedback suggested that the treatment was acceptable to service‐users and therapists, and the progression criteria were met for recruitment, retention, and adherence to treatment.ConclusionsThe new treatment targeting subtypes of auditory and visual hallucinations was acceptable to service‐users and the benefits of addressing psychological mechanisms thought to contribute to hallucinations was supported by qualitative feedback.Practitioner points

A novel treatment has been developed for unusual sensory experiences

based on subtyping voices and using technology to help explain psychological mechanisms that may be linked to hallucinations.

The treatment was acceptable to service users and therapists in At Risk Mental States for psychosis services

with qualitative feedback supporting the approach.

The treatment may be particularly useful in preventing the progressions of psychosis

as people who have not developed fixed ideas about the origin of the experiences may be more open to alternative explanations
Review of the current empirical literature on using videoconferencing to deliver individual psychotherapies to adults with mental health problems
Authors: Thomas Neil , McDonald Caity , de Boer Kathleen , Brand Rachel M. , Nedeljkovic Maja , Seabrook Liz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread adoption of videoconferencing as a communication medium in mental health service delivery. This review considers the empirical literature to date on using videoconferencing to deliver psychological therapy to adults presenting with mental health problems.MethodPapers were identified via search of relevant databases. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and synthesized on uptake, feasibility, outcomes, and participant and therapist experiences.ResultsVideoconferencing has an established evidence base in the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression, with prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and behavioural activation non‐inferior to in‐person delivery. There are large trials reporting efficacy for health anxiety and bulimia nervosa compared with treatment‐as‐usual. Initial studies show applicability of cognitive behavioural therapies for other anxiety and eating disorders and obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders, but there has yet to be study of use in severe and complex mental health problems. Therapists may find it more difficult to judge non‐verbal behaviour, and there may be initial discomfort while adapting to videoconferencing, but client ratings of the therapeutic alliance are similar to in‐person therapy, and videoconferencing may have advantages such as being less confronting. There may be useful opportunities for videoconferencing in embedding therapy delivery within the client’s own environment.ConclusionsVideoconferencing is an accessible and effective modality for therapy delivery. Future research needs to extend beyond testing whether videoconferencing can replicate in‐person therapy delivery to consider unique therapeutic affordances of the videoconferencing modality.Practitioner points

Videoconferencing is an efficacious means of delivering behavioural and cognitive therapies to adults with mental health problems.

Trial evidence has established it is no less efficacious than in‐person therapy for prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and behavioural activation.

While therapists report nonverbal feedback being harder to judge, and clients can take time to adapt to videoconferencing, clients rate the therapeutic alliance and satisfaction similarly to therapy in‐person.

Videoconferencing provides opportunities to integrate therapeutic exercises within the person’s day‐to‐day environment.
Assessing growth, frost tolerance, and acclimation of pine seedlings with contrasted dormancy strategies as influenced by organic nitrogen supply
Authors: Sigala José A. , Oliet Juan A. , Uscola Mercedes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFreezing stress is a critical environmental factor affecting survival, distribution, and evolution of plants. Although there is evidence that nitrogen (N) affects frost tolerance of juvenile conifers, the magnitude and direction of such effect can diverge among species. The influence of the N source on frost tolerance has been barely studied. Particularly, how organic N sources could affect the cold acclimation dynamics of seedlings is poorly understood. We studied morpho‐physiological responses to organic N supply (amino acids) in comparison to inorganic N in seedlings of two Mediterranean pine species: Pinus halepensis and P. sylvestris. Fertilization was applied at low and high N doses (30 and 130 mg N seedling−1) in the first growing season. Then, tolerance of seedlings to freezing stress was evaluated through the cold season. This study confirmed that organic N supply promotes growth of both species as effectively as inorganic N sources. At low N availability, seedlings had acute phosphorus deficiencies when grown with inorganic N, but not with organic N. Likewise, high organic‐N availability improved chlorophylls concentration. Both species increased their frost tolerance through time, especially during late autumn. Although organic N supply did not show clear benefits on frost tolerance, it seemed to enhance cold acclimation via increases of compatible solutes, such as soluble sugars and proline, particularly in P. halepensis. Thus, the effects of organic N supply could depend on the extent that such osmolytes contribute to the dormancy strategy of the species. Other species‐specific mechanisms to cope with freezing stress are further discussed.
A rice transcription factor, OsMADS57, positively regulates high salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa plants
Authors: Wu Junyu , Yu Chunyan , Huang Linli , Gan Yinbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMADS‐box transcription factors (TFs) play indispensable roles in various aspects of plant growth, development as well as in response to environmental stresses. Several MADS‐box genes have been reported to be involved in the salt tolerance in different plant species. However, the role of the transcription factor OsMADS57 under salinity stress is still unknown. Here, the results of this study showed that OsMADS57 was mainly expressed in roots and leaves of rice plants (Oryza sativa). Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that OsMADS57 was induced by NaCl. Overexpression of OsMADS57 in both Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and rice could improve their salt tolerance, which was demonstrated by higher germination rates, longer root length and better growth status of overexpression plants than wild type (WT) under salinity conditions. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) lines of rice showed more sensitivity towards salinity. Moreover, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in OsMADS57 overexpressing lines when exposed to salt stress, as measured by 3, 3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining. Further experiments exhibited that overexpression of OsMADS57 in rice significantly increased the tolerance ability of plants to oxidative damage under salt stress, mainly by increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), reducing malonaldehyde (MDA) content and improving the expression of stress‐related genes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that OsMADS57 plays a positive role in enhancing salt tolerance by activating the antioxidant system.
Measuring design diversity: A new application of Ostrom's rule types
Authors: Dunlop Claire A. , Kamkhaji Jonathan C. , Radaelli Claudio M. , Taffoni Gaia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe draw on the Institutional Grammar Tool's rule types to empirically analyze the design of four major procedural regulatory instruments in the 27 member states of the European Union and the UK. They are: consultation, regulatory impact assessment, freedom of information, and the Ombudsman. By adopting the Institutional Grammar Tool as conceptual lens we end up with a single measurement template applicable to a variety of action situations. We derive measures that are conceptually robust and suitable for comparative analysis. With original data gathered on the official legal base in the 28 cases, we carry out principal components analysis. We identify design patterns across countries and instruments; the specialization of each instrument in terms of rule type; and the components that best explain cross‐country variation. In the conclusions we argue that to reframe the design features of the four instruments in conceptual, theoretical categories is not simply a taxonomical exercise but it extends to the territory of comparative policy analysis, practice and reform.
Alpha and broadband high‐frequency activity track task dynamics and predict performance in controlled decision‐making
Authors: Haegens Saskia , Pathak Yagna J. , Smith Elliot H. , Mikell Charles B. , Banks Garrett P. , Yates Mark , Bijanki Kelly R. , Schevon Catherine A. , McKhann Guy M. , Schroeder Charles E. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntracranial recordings in human subjects provide a unique, fine‐grained temporal and spatial resolution inaccessible to conventional non‐invasive methods. A prominent signal in these recordings is broadband high‐frequency activity (approx. 70–150 Hz), generally considered to reflect neuronal excitation. Here we explored the use of this broadband signal to track, on a single‐trial basis, the temporal and spatial distribution of task‐engaged areas involved in decision‐making. We additionally focused on the alpha rhythm (8–14 Hz), thought to regulate the (dis)engagement of neuronal populations based on task demands. Using these signals, we characterized activity across cortex using intracranial recordings in patients with intractable epilepsy performing the Multi‐Source Interference Task, a Stroop‐like decision‐making paradigm. We analyzed recordings both from grid electrodes placed over cortical areas including frontotemporal and parietal cortex, and depth electrodes in prefrontal regions, including cingulate cortex. We found a widespread negative relationship between alpha power and broadband activity, substantiating the gating role of alpha in regions beyond sensory/motor cortex. Combined, these signals reflect the spatio‐temporal pattern of task‐engagement, with alpha decrease signifying task‐involved regions and broadband increase temporally locking to specific task aspects, distributed over cortical sites. We report sites that only respond to stimulus presentation or to the decision report and, interestingly, sites that reflect the time‐on‐task. The latter predict the subject’s reaction times on a trial‐by‐trial basis. A smaller subset of sites showed modulation with task condition. Taken together, alpha and broadband signals allow tracking of neuronal population dynamics across cortex on a fine temporal and spatial scale.
Children's and adolescents’ evaluations of peers who challenge their group: The role of gender norms and identity
Authors: McGuire Luke , Palmer Sally B. , Rutland Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn‐group members who challenge group norms (hereon “challenger peers”) often are evaluated less positively by their peers compared to those who adhere to group norms. In the present study children (n = 118, Mage = 10.01) and adolescents (n = 132, Mage = 13.32; total n = 269) were inducted into a gender‐based group who endorsed an activity norm. Participants evaluated a challenger peer who was either cisgender or transgender. Adolescent girls, compared to girls in childhood, individually evaluated a challenger peer more positively while perceiving their group would be less positive than they themselves would be. In contrast, boys in both childhood and adolescence individually evaluated a challenger peer less positively and believed their group also would. These effects were independent of the challenger peer's gender identity, suggesting that in the context of evaluating a challenger to a stereotypical gender norm, adherence to the norm can take primacy over gender identity.