bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinness, overweight, and obesity in 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from 36 countries: The World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative—COSI 2015–2017
Authors: Spinelli Angela , Buoncristiano Marta , Nardone Paola , Starc Gregor , Hejgaard Tatjana , Júlíusson Petur Benedikt , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Weghuber Daniel , Musić Milanović Sanja , García‐Solano Marta , Rutter Harry , Rakovac Ivo , Cucu Alexandra , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Rito Ana Isabel , Kovacs Viktoria Anna , Heinen Mirjam M. , Nurk Eha , Mäki Päivi , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Rakhmatulleoeva Sanavbar , Duleva Vesselka , Farrugia Sant'Angelo Victoria , Fijałkowska Anna , Gualtieri Andrea , Sacchini Elena , Hassapidou Maria , Hyska Jolanda , Kelleher Cecily C. , Kujundžić Enisa , Kunešová Marie , Markidou Ioannidou Eliza , Ostojic Sergej M. , Peterkova Valentina , Petrauskienė Aušra , Popović Stevo , Pudule Iveta , Russell Jonsson Kenisha , Dal‐Re Saavedra Maria Ángeles , Salanave Benoît , Shengelia Lela , Spiroski Igor , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Tichá Ľubica , Usupova Zhamilya , Ozcebe Lütfiye Hilal , Abildina Akbota , Schindler Karin , Weber Martin W. , Filipović Hadžiomeragić Aida , Melkumova Marina , Stojisavljević Dragana , Boymatova Khadichamo , Williams Julianne , Breda João 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn 2015–2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6–9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the children's body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region.
United We Stand, Divided We Fall: Sociopolitical Predictors of Physical Distancing and Hand Hygiene During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Cárdenas Diana , Orazani Nima , Stevens Mark , Cruwys Tegan , Platow Michael , Zekulin Michael , Reynolds Katherine J. 
Published: July 2021

Most health models emphasize individual factors in predicting health behavior. However, in the context of COVID‐19 where the immediate response to stopping the spread of the virus requires collective efforts and change, other sociopolitical factors need to be considered. Prior research points to health behaviors being impacted by neighborhood and national social relations, social identification, confidence in government and political orientation. This research, though, is generally piecemeal (or specific), tends to be cross‐sectional, and is usually not oriented to pandemics. These issues are addressed in the current research. A two‐wave study with a representative sample of Australians (NWave 1 = 3028) gathered during COVID‐19 examined sociopolitical factors at the local and national level as predictors of health behaviors one month later. Four models were tested. These encapsulated geographic levels (local or national) and two health behaviors (hand hygiene or physical distance). In the three of the four models, social identification was a significant predictor of health behavior, while controlling for sociodemographic and individual‐level measures. There were more mixed results for social relations and confidence in government. There is evidence that to better promote health behaviors sociopolitical factors need to be more prominent in public policy and health behavior models.HighlightsThe goal of this study is to examine how sociopolitical factors impact physical distance and hand hygiene during the Australian COVID‐19 pandemic.Based on social cohesion literature and the social identity approach, we expected three social cohesion dimensions (social identification, confidence in government and social relations) to predict greater health behaviors one month later. Political orientation was also expected to predict health behaviors.The results show that social identification consistently predicts health behaviors, with weaker evidence for political orientation and confidence in the government, and mixed evidence for social relations.This research highlights the importance of considering and strengthening the sociopolitical context in our response to pandemics.
Firm‐level trade effects of WTO accession: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Cristea Anca D. , Miromanova Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of Russia’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession on international trade patterns at the firm level. A large literature of cross‐country studies examines the long‐run trade effects of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO membership. Our paper contributes to this literature by bringing short‐run micro‐level evidence from the experience of a large trading country. Using customs data on the monthly import and export transactions of Russian firms over the period 2011–2015, we investigate the short‐run responses of firm‐level trade along the intensive and extensive margins following Russia’s WTO accession in 2012. Our results indicate an increase in the number of foreign countries that Russian firms export to or import from, and a significant increase in the number of exported products. The evidence on the effects of the WTO accession on the intensive margin of firm‐level trade is mixed. Additionally, we find suggestive evidence that the Russian retaliatory food embargo imposed in response to the Crimean economic sanctions might have been intended as a protectionist policy to help out a vulnerable domestic industry (i.e. agriculture) directly impacted by the country’s WTO accession.
Discovering Auctions: Contributions of Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson*
Authors: Teytelboym Alexander , Li Shengwu , Kominers Scott Duke , Akbarpour Mohammad , Dworczak Piotr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 2020 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson for “improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats”. In this survey article, we review the contributions of the laureates, emphasizing the subtle interplay between deep theoretical questions and practical design challenges that resulted in one of the most successful fields of economics.
Red blood cell frequencies and genetic polymorphisms of various blood grouping systems in the emirati population
Authors: AlHumaidan Hiba , Edinur Hisham Atan , Omeziane Naima , Alvares Marion , Al Yafei Zain , Al Mahri Ayeda , ElGhazali Gehad , Al Zaabi Eiman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesData on the frequencies of RBC antigens and their variants in the Arab world are limited. Thus, determining the antigenic profile of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population by serologic and molecular methods is significant to enhance operational efficiency in donor centres and transfusion services.Study design and methodsThe study is a retrospective retrieval of serologic and genotype data. The serological ABO type data of 30 954 UAE national donors, the serological RHD and RHCE data of 10 036 UAE national donors, and the genotype data of 354 patients and donors of admixed nationalities for determining different blood group systems were retrieved and analysed.ResultsRh D negative (dccee) phenotype in the UAE national donor population is lower compared to the reported Rh D negative phenotype in the European population (6·8% vs. 18%) and there were a high number of variants observed in the patient and donor populations, especially in the RhCE and Duffy blood group systems (12·1% and 59·3%, respectively).ConclusionHigh number of variants and rare blood group profiles were observed and the gene pool of the Emirati nationals, as well as their antigenic frequencies, is an intermediate between the European and African populations rather than the Asian gene pool.
Analysis of Transonic Bladerows With Non-Uniform Geometry Using the Spectral Method
Authors: Wang Feng , di Mare Luca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Turbomachinery blade rows can have non-uniform geometries due to design intent, manufacture errors or wear. When predictions are sought for the effect of such non-uniformities, it is generally the case that whole assembly calculations are needed. A spectral method is used in this paper to approximate the flow fields of the whole assembly but with significantly less computation cost. The method projects the flow perturbations due to the geometry non-uniformity in an assembly in Fourier space, and only one passage is required to compute the flow perturbations corresponding to a certain wave-number of geometry variation. The performance of this method on transonic blade rows is demonstrated on a modern fan assembly. Low engine order and high engine order geometry non-uniformity (e.g., “saw-tooth” pattern) are examined. The non-linear coupling between the flow perturbations and the passage-averaged flow field is also demonstrated. Pressure variations on the blade surface and the potential flow field upstream of the leading edge from the proposed spectral method and the direct whole assembly solutions are compared. Good agreement is observed on both quasi-3D and full 3D cases. A lumped approach to compute deterministic fluxes is also proposed to further reduce the computational cost of the spectral method. The spectral method is formulated in such a way that it can be easily implemented into an existing harmonic flow solver by adding an extra source term and can be potentially used as an efficient tool for aeromechanical and aeroacoustics design of turbomachinery blade rows.
Differentiating multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Roberts Jordan E , Campbell Jeffrey I , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Lamb Gabriella S , Newburger Jane , Son Mary Beth , Dionne Audrey 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveFeatures of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) overlap with other febrile illnesses, hindering prompt and accurate diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory findings that distinguished MIS-C from febrile illnesses in which MIS-C was considered but ultimately excluded, and to examine the diseases that most often mimicked MIS-C in a tertiary medical centre.Study designWe identified all children hospitalised with fever who were evaluated for MIS-C at our centre and compared clinical signs and symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 status and laboratory studies between those with and without MIS-C. Multivariable logistic LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression was used to identify the most discriminative presenting features of MIS-C.ResultsWe identified 50 confirmed MIS-C cases (MIS-C+) and 68 children evaluated for, but ultimately not diagnosed with, MIS-C (MIS-C-). In univariable analysis, conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, fatigue, hypoxaemia, tachypnoea and hypotension at presentation were significantly more common among MIS-C+patients. MIS-C+and MIS-C-patients had similar elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP), but were differentiated by thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated ferritin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, BNP and troponin. In multivariable analysis, predictors of MIS-C included age, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelets, conjunctivitis, oral mucosa changes, abdominal pain and hypotension.ConclusionsAmong hospitalised children undergoing evaluation for MIS-C, children with MIS-C were older, more likely to present with conjunctivitis, oral mucosa changes, abdominal pain and hypotension, and had higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios and lower platelet counts. These data may be helpful for discrimination of MIS-C from other febrile illnesses, including bacterial lymphadenitis and acute viral infection, with overlapping features.
Democratizing type 1 diabetes specialty care in the primary care setting to reduce health disparities: project extension for community healthcare outcomes (ECHO) T1D
Authors: Walker Ashby F , Cuttriss Nicolas , Haller Michael J , Hood Korey K , Gurka Matthew J , Filipp Stephanie L , Anez-Zabala Claudia , Yabut Katarina , Roque Xanadu , Wong Jessie J , Baer Linda , Figg Lauren , Bernier Angelina , Westen Sarah , Lewit Eugene , Sheehan Eleni , Basina Marina , Lal Rayhan , Maizel Jennifer , Maahs David M 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionProject ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a tele-education outreach model that seeks to democratize specialty knowledge to reduce disparities and improve health outcomes. Limited utilization of endocrinologists forces many primary care providers (PCPs) to care for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) without specialty support. Accordingly, an ECHO T1D program was developed and piloted in Florida and California. Our goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of an ECHO program focused on T1D and improve PCPs’ abilities to manage patients with T1D.Research design and methodsHealth centers (ie, spokes) were recruited into the ECHO T1D pilot through an innovative approach, focusing on Federally Qualified Health Centers and through identification of high-need catchment areas using the Neighborhood Deprivation Index and provider geocoding. Participating spokes received weekly tele-education provided by the University of Florida and Stanford University hub specialty team through virtual ECHO clinics, real-time support with complex T1D medical decision-making, access to a diabetes support coach, and access to an online repository of diabetes care resources. Participating PCPs completed pre/post-tests assessing diabetes knowledge and confidence and an exit survey gleaning feedback about overall ECHO T1D program experiences.ResultsIn Florida, 12 spoke sites enrolled with 67 clinics serving >1000 patients with T1D. In California, 11 spoke sites enrolled with 37 clinics serving >900 patients with T1D. During the 6-month intervention, 27 tele-education clinics were offered and n=70 PCPs (22 from Florida, 48 from California) from participating spoke sites completed pre/post-test surveys assessing diabetes care knowledge and confidence in diabetes care. There was statistically significant improvement in diabetes knowledge (p≤0.01) as well as in diabetes confidence (p≤0.01).ConclusionsThe ECHO T1D pilot demonstrated proof of concept for a T1D-specific ECHO program and represents a viable model to reach medically underserved communities which do not use specialists.
Mediating effects of lower extremity function on the relationship between night sleep duration and cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional study in elderly Chinese without cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Xiaoyu , Han Peipei , Ma Weibo , Zhang Yuanyuan , Song Peiyu , Wu Yunxiao , Zhu Yibo , Jiang Zhengxing , Cai Ming , Guo Qi , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of physical performance on the relationship between night sleep duration and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in elderly Chinese without CVD.Methods782 participants without CVD over 65 years (average: 70.82±3.86 years, 448 women) were included in this study. CVD risk was calculated by the Framingham Risk Score and participants were divided into four groups of night sleep duration (in hours): <7 hours, ≥7–8 hours, >8–9 hours and >9 hours. Upper extremity function was measured by grip strength and lower extremity function was measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), consisting of balance, 4 m walk and chair stands tests.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, long night sleep duration (>9 hours) and CVD risk were significantly positively associated compared with moderate night sleep duration (≥7–8 hours) (β=1.152; 95% CI 0.05 to 2.25). SPPB total score (indirect effect ab=−0.122; 95% CI −0.291 to –0.0008) rather than grip strength partially mediated the relationship between long night sleep duration and CVD risk, in which chair stands played a major mediating role (indirect effect ab=−0.171; 95% CI −0.040 to –0.0006), while balance (indirect effect ab=−0.016; 95% CI −0.100 to 0.063) and 4 m walk (indirect effect ab=0.048; 95% CI −0.066 to 0.201) did not.ConclusionsLower extremity function, especially lower limb muscle strength, partially mediates a positive association between long night sleep duration and CVD risk in the elderly without CVD. Suitable interventions for physical performance and sleep may minimise the risk of subsequent CVD.
Online information on face masks: analysis of websites in Italian and English returned by different search engines
Authors: Mehta Shaily , Ghezzi Daria , Catalani Alessia , Vanzolini Tania , Ghezzi Pietro 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveCountries have major differences in the acceptance of face mask use for the prevention of COVID-19. This work aims at studying the information online in different countries in terms of information quality and content.DesignContent analysis.MethodWe analysed 450 webpages returned by searching the string ‘are face masks dangerous’ in Italy, the UK and the USA using three search engines (Bing, Duckduckgo and Google) in August 2020. The type of website and the stance about masks were assessed by two raters for each language and inter-rater agreement reported as Cohen’s kappa. The text of the webpages was collected from the web using WebBootCaT and analysed using a corpus analysis software to identify issues mentioned.ResultsMost pages were news outlets, and few (2%–6%) from public health agencies. Webpages with a negative stance on masks were more frequent in Italian (28%) than English (19%). Google returned the highest number of mask-positive pages and Duckduckgo the lowest. Google also returned the lowest number of pages mentioning conspiracy theories and Duckduckgo the highest. Webpages in Italian scored lower than those in English in transparency (reporting authors, their credentials and backing the information with references). When issues about the use of face masks were analysed, mask effectiveness was the most discussed followed by hypercapnia (accumulation of carbon dioxide), contraindication in respiratory disease and hypoxia, with issues related to their contraindications in mental health conditions and disability mentioned by very few pages.ConclusionsThis study suggests that: (1) public health agencies should increase their web presence in providing correct information on face masks; (2) search engines should improve the information quality criteria in their ranking; (3) the public should be more informed on issues related to the use of masks and disabilities, mental health and stigma arising for those people who cannot wear masks.
Exploring a combined biomarker for tuberculosis treatment response: protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kloprogge Frank , Abubakar Ibrahim , Esmail Hanif , Hack Vanessa , Kunst Heinke , McHugh Timothy D , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Surey Julian , Tiberi Simon , Lipman Marc 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAn improved understanding of factors explaining tuberculosis (TB) treatment response is urgently needed to help clinicians optimise and personalise treatment and assist scientists undertaking novel treatment regimen trials. Promising outcome proxy measures, including sputum bacillary load and host immune response, are widely reported with variable results. However, they have not been studied together in combination with antibiotic exposure. The aim of this observational cohort study is to investigate which antibiotic exposures correlate with sputum bacillary load and which with the host immune response. Subsequently, we will explore if these correlations can be used to inform a candidate combined biomarker predicting cure.Methods and analysisAll patients aged ≥ 18, diagnosed with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB (culture or molecular test), eligible for standard anti-TB treatment, at selected London, UK TB Services, will be invited to participate in this observational cohort study (target sample size=210). Patients will be asked to give blood for host transcriptomics and antibiotic plasma exposure, in addition to standard of care sputum samples for bacillary load. Antibiotic plasma concentrations will be quantified using a validated liquid chromatograph triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) assay and sputum bacillary load by mycobacterial growth incubator tube time to positivity. Expression from a total of 35 prespecified host blood genes will be quantified using NanoString®. Antibiotic exposure, sputum bacillary load and host blood transcriptomic time series data will be analysed using nonlinear mixed-effects models. Correlations between combinations of longitudinal biomarkers and microbiological cure at the end of treatment and remaining relapse free for 1 year thereafter will be analysed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models.Ethics and disseminationThe observational cohort study has been approved by the UK’s HRA REC (20/SW/0007). Written informed consent will be obtained. Results will be disseminated via publication, presentation and through engagement with institutes/companies developing novel anti-TB treatment combinations.
Mindful gratitude journaling: psychological distress, quality of life and suffering in advanced cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tan Ting Ting , Tan Maw Pin , Lam Chee Loong , Loh Ee Chin , Capelle David Paul , Zainuddin Sheriza Izwa , Ang Bin Ting , Lim Min Ai , Lai Natalie Zi , Tung Yu Zhen , Yee Hway Ann , Ng Chong Guan , Ho Gwo Fuang , See Mee Hoong , Teh Mei Sze , Lai Lee Lee , Pritam Singh Ranjit Kaur , Chai Chee Shee , Ng Diana Leh Ching , Tan Seng Beng 
Published: July 2021

ContextNumerous studies have shown that gratitude can reduce stress and improve quality of life.ObjectiveOur study aimed to examine the effect of mindful gratitude journaling on suffering, psychological distress and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer.MethodsWe conducted a parallel-group, blinded, randomised controlled trial at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Ninety-two adult patients with advanced cancer, and an overall suffering score ≥4/10 based on the Suffering Pictogram were recruited and randomly assigned to either a mindful gratitude journaling group (N=49) or a routine journaling group (N=43).ResultsAfter 1 week, there were significant reductions in the overall suffering score from the baseline in both the intervention group (mean difference in overall suffering score=−2.0, 95% CI=−2.7 to −1.4, t=−6.125, p=0.000) and the control group (mean difference in overall suffering score=−1.6, 95% CI=−2.3 to −0.8, t=−4.106, p=0.037). There were also significant improvements in the total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score (mean difference=−3.4, 95% CI=−5.3 to −1.5, t=−3.525, p=0.000) and the total Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being score (mean difference=7.3, 95% CI=1.5 to 13.1, t=2.460, p=0.014) in the intervention group after 7 days, but not in the control group.ConclusionThe results provide evidence that 7 days of mindful gratitude journaling could positively affect the state of suffering, psychological distress and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer.Trial registration numberThe trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN1261800172191) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.