bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Oh Hye Jeong , Kim Yuntae , Seok Jin Myoung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with an autoantibody against aquaporin-4 protein (AQP4), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. We report a female patient with ALS who had asymptomatic AQP4 antibody at the diagnosis of ALS, and NMOSD occurred 4 years later after the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient concerns:
She was already bedridden and had tracheostomy because of ALS which was diagnosed at her age of 55. At the time of her ALS diagnosis, she had no brain or spinal cord lesions, but was seropositive for AQP4 antibody. At her age of 59, new-onset complete paralysis of all extremities and severe pain on the posterior neck and both shoulders occurred and visited the hospital.

Diagnosis:
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis was diagnosed, which was the onset attack of seropositive NMOSD. The diagnosis was confirmed based on the international consensus diagnostic criteria for NMOSD with MR imaging, cerebrospinal fluid exam and laboratory work-ups with AQP4 antibody test.

Interventions:
High dose methylprednisolone was administered for 5 days. Plasma exchange as a further treatment was recommended, but she and her family refused.

Outcomes:
Her pain was relieved after steroid treatment, but there was no improvement of her leg weakness.

Lessons:
This case is a rare combination of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the alterations of blood-brain barrier along with the progression of ALS, it highlights that the consequence of ALS pathogenesis might affect the development of NMOSD. And the careful follow-up is recommended even in patients with profound weakness, especially if those who were at risk of developing certain neurological disorders.
Analysis of metastasis and survival between extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Liao Peng , Cao Li , Chen Hang , Pang Shui-Zi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To date, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) have rarely been compared; therefore, we attempted to learn more about the rates of metastasis and survival in both ICCA and ECCA.
Data of patients in the SEER database diagnosed with ICCA or ECCA were extracted to analyse the rate of metastasis and survival. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for metastasis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare survival rates between ECCA and ICCA.
Data from a total of 15,751 patients diagnosed with ICCA or ECCA were extracted to analyse the rate of metastasis. Metastasis was more common in ECCA than ICCA (42.62% vs. 31.46%, P < .05), while ICCA in the T1 stage had a lower rate of metastasis (25.35% vs. 30.61%, P < .05). Age, pathology grade, tumour size, lymph node metastasis and T stage were independent risk factors for metastasis in both ECCA and ICCA. There was an inverse correlation between age and metastasis in both ICCA and ECCA. Moreover, PSM demonstrated that patients with ECCA had a better prognosis than patients with ICCA. Patients with ICCA in the T1 stage had better survival than those with ECCA in the T1 stage.
Our study was the first to compare the rates of metastasis and survival between ECCA and ICCA. We observed an inverse association between age and metastasis, that patients with ECCA had a better prognosis than patients with ICCA, and that patients with ECCA in the T1 stage had worse survival than patients with ICCA in the T1 stage.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey
Authors: Casey Kathy , Tsai Chia-Lin , Fink Regina M. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey (CFGNES).

BACKGROUND
Transitioning from the student role to professional nurse is challenging and stressful. Accurate measurement of role transition is important because of concerns regarding retention.

METHODS
A secondary analysis of 71 919 graduate nurse responses to the CFGNES, collected 6 months into the Vizient/AACN residency program, was conducted. Psychometric testing included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach's α.

RESULTS
Analysis revealed a consistent 5-factor solution. Factors were labeled job satisfaction, support, organize/prioritize care, role confidence, and professional socialization. Results demonstrated the CFGNES is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perceptions of role transition.

CONCLUSIONS
This study was needed to inform survey item revisions. The CFGNES continues to be valuable in providing voice to the needs of graduate nurses and evidence for improving nurse residency program outcomes.
Image Quality Assessment for Clinical Cadmium Telluride-Based Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Detector in Cadaveric Wrist Imaging
Authors: Grunz Jan-Peter , Huflage Henner , Heidenreich Julius Frederik , Ergün Süleyman , Petersilka Martin , Allmendinger Thomas , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Petritsch Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Detailed visualization of bone microarchitecture is essential for assessment of wrist fractures in computed tomography (CT). This study aims to evaluate the imaging performance of a CT system with clinical cadmium telluride-based photon-counting detector (PCD-CT) compared with a third-generation dual-source CT scanner with energy-integrating detector technology (EID-CT).

Materials and Methods
Both CT systems were used for the examination of 8 cadaveric wrists with radiation dose equivalent scan protocols (low-/standard-/full-dose imaging: CTDIvol = 1.50/5.80/8.67 mGy). All wrists were scanned with 2 different operating modes of the photon-counting CT (standard-resolution and ultra-high-resolution). After reformatting with comparable reconstruction parameters and convolution kernels, subjective evaluation of image quality was performed by 3 radiologists on a 7-point scale. For estimation of interrater reliability, we report the intraclass correlation coefficient (absolute agreement, 2-way random-effects model). Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated to provide semiquantitative assessment of image quality.

Results
Subjective image quality of standard-dose PCD-CT examinations in ultra-high-resolution mode was superior compared with full-dose PCD-CT in standard-resolution mode (P = 0.016) and full-dose EID-CT (P = 0.040). No difference was ascertained between low-dose PCD-CT in ultra-high-resolution mode and standard-dose scans with either PCD-CT in standard-resolution mode (P = 0.108) or EID-CT (P = 0.470). Observer evaluation of standard-resolution PCD-CT and EID-CT delivered similar results in full- and standard-dose scans (P = 0.248/0.509). Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.876 (95% confidence interval, 0.744–0.925; P < 0.001), indicating good reliability. Between dose equivalent studies, signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were substantially higher in photon-counting CT examinations (all P's < 0.001).

Conclusions
Superior visualization of fine anatomy is feasible with the clinical photon-counting CT system in cadaveric wrist scans. The ultra-high-resolution scan mode suggests potential for considerable dose reduction over energy-integrating dual-source CT.
#UTOPia: Urogynecology Tag Ontology Project
Authors: Davenport Abigail , Hoang Elizabeth , Jallad Karl , Park Amy J. , Fitzgerald Jocelyn , Iglesia Cheryl B. 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The objective of this study was to review and analyze the current social media status of urogynecology/female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery on Twitter and create a tag ontology.

Methods
A “tag ontology” is a standardized list of hashtags used to organize specific subject matter within a social media platform. We used an online social media analytics tool, Symplur to identify tweets and hashtags related to #urogynecology between January 2018 and July 2020. Hashtags identified using Symplur were verified manually via Twitter inquiries and reviewed by urogynecology social medial influencers for external validation. The hashtags were selected based on frequency of use, social media influencer opinion, and clinical relevance.

Results
We identified 6,847 tweets and 2,946 users. Our ontology includes 67 terms categorized into 5 groups (urinary, prolapse, anus/rectum, vulva, and other). Using “Symplur Rank,” the 2 top influencers included @FPMRS and @FPMRSJournal.

Conclusions
Adaptation of a standardized hashtag ontology facilitates communication between providers and patients about pertinent health care issues. Our study has created a urogynecology-specific ontology based on 2018–2020 Twitter usage.
Forecast of the covid19 epidemic in France
Authors: Pottier Loïc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith a mathematical method based on linear algebra, from open access data (data.gouv.fr, google, apple) we produce forecasts for the number of patients in intensive care in France with an average error of 4% at 7 days, 7% at 14 days, 8% at 21 days, 10% at one month, 17% at 2 months, and 31% at 3 months. For the other epidemic indicators, the error is on average 6% at 7 days and 25% at 2 months.
Genetic risk prediction of COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in the Indian population
Authors: Prakrithi P. , Lakra Priya ,   The Indian Genome Variation Consortium, Sundar Durai , Kapoor Manav , Mukerji Mitali , Gupta Ishaan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHost genetic variants can determine the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and severity as noted in a recent Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) by Pairo-Castineira et al.1. Given the prominent genetic differences in Indian sub-populations as well as differential prevalence of COVID-19, here, we deploy the previous study and compute genetic risk scores in different Indian sub-populations that may predict the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in them. We computed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in different Indian sub-populations with the top 100 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a p-value cutoff of 10−6 derived from the previous GWAS summary statistics1. We selected SNPs overlapping with the Indian Genome Variation Consortium (IGVC) and with similar frequencies in the Indian population. For each population, median PRS was calculated, and a correlation analysis was performed to test the association of these genetic risk scores with COVID-19 mortality. We found a varying distribution of PRS in Indian sub-populations. Correlation analysis indicates a positive linear association between PRS and COVID-19 deaths. This was not observed with non-risk alleles in Indian sub-populations. Our analyses suggest that Indian sub-populations differ with respect to the genetic risk for developing COVID-19 mediated critical illness. Combining PRSs with other observed risk-factors in a Bayesian framework can provide a better prediction model for ascertaining high COVID-19 risk groups. This has a potential utility in the design of more effective vaccine disbursal schemes.
Convergent abnormalities of β-amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, and fMRI activity in the dorsal precuneus in subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Li Xuan-Yu , Yuan Li-Xia , Zhou Fei-Fan , Ding Chang-Chang , Guo Teng-Fei , Du Wen-Ying , Jiang Jie-Hui , Jessen Frank , Zang Yu-Feng , Han Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere has been no report on convergent local abnormalities of multiple functional brain imaging modalities including β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, glucose metabolism, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) activities for participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodsFifty participants with SCD and 15 normal controls (NC) were scanned with both [18F]-florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, each PET sacn accompanied with simultaneous RS-fMRI. Voxel-wise metrics were analyzed, including Aβ deposition, glucose metabolism, and three local metrics for RS-fMRI, i.e., amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC).ResultsThe SCD group showed increased Aβ deposition and increased glucose metabolism (P < 0.05, corrected), as well as decreased ALFF, ReHo, and DC (P < 0.05, uncorrected) in the same area of the left dorsal precuneus (dPCu). The dPCu showed negative resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the default mode network (DMN). Regarding global Aβ deposition positivity, the Aβ deposition in the dPCu showed a gradient change, i.e., SCD+ > SCD- > NC-. Further, both SCD+ and SCD- showed increased glucose metabolism and decreased RS-fMRI metrics in the dPCu.ConclusionsThe convergent abnormal activities in the dPCu of SCD indicate that the dPCu is an early vulnerable region. The anti-RSFC of the dPCu with DMN supports that the earliest symptoms might be more related to other cognitive functions (e.g., unfocused attention) than episodic memory. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03370744.)
COVID-19 epidemic scenarios into 2021 based on observed key superspreading events
Authors: Santana-Cibrian Mario , Acuña-Zegarra M. Adrian , Rodríguez Carlos E. , Mena Ramsés H. , Velasco-Hernandez Jorge X. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKey high transmission dates for the year 2020 are used to create scenarios of the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several states of Mexico for 2021. These scenarios are obtained through the estimation of a time-dependent contact rate, where the main assumption is that disease behavior is heavily determined by the mobility and social activity of the population during holidays and other important calendar dates. First, changes in the effective contact rate on predetermined dates of 2020 are estimated. Then, this information is used to propose different scenarios for the number of cases and deaths for 2021. The fundamental assumptions behind this methodology are that the effective contact rate incorporates the main superspreading transmission events during last year, that each region has an independent epidemic not explicitly interconnected with other regions and, finally, that there are no new highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants active during the timeline of the forecasts. Also, several levels of vaccination are considered to analyze their impact on the projections of the epidemic curve. The objective is to generate a range of scenarios that could be useful to evaluate the possible evolution of the epidemic and its likely impact on incidence and mortality.
Impact of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in Switzerland
Authors: Shattock Andrew J. , Le Rutte Epke A. , Dünner Robert P. , Sen Swapnoleena , Kelly Sherrie L. , Chitnis Nakul , Penny Melissa A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 increases amidst the emergence and spread of more infectious and potentially more deadly viral variants, decisions on timing and extent of relaxing effective, but unsustainable, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) need to be made. An individual- based transmission model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, OpenCOVID, was developed to compare the impact of various vaccination and NPI strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland. We estimate that any relaxation of NPIs in March 2021 will lead to increasing cases, hospitalisations, and deaths resulting in a ‘third wave’ in spring and into summer 2021. However, we find a cautious phased relaxation can substantially reduce population-level morbidity and mortality. We find that faster vaccination campaign can offset the size of such a wave, allowing more flexibility for NPI to be relaxed sooner. Our sensitivity analysis revealed that model results are particularly sensitive to the infectiousness of variant B.1.1.7.
Assessing the Mortality Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Florida State Prisons
Authors: Marquez Neal Marcos , Littman Aaron , Rossi Victoria , Everett Michael , Tyagi Erika , Johnson Hope , Dolovich Sharon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increased risk of COVID-19 infection among incarcerated individuals due to environmental hazards is well known and recent studies have highlighted the higher rates of infection and mortality prisoners in the United States face due to COVID-19. However, the impact of COVID-19 on all-cause mortality rates in incarcerated populations has not been studied.MethodsUsing data reported by the Florida Department of Corrections on prison populations and mortality events we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals incarcerated in Florida state prisons between 2015 and 2020. We calculated excess deaths by estimating age-specific expected deaths from mortality trends in 2015 through 2019 and taking the difference between observed and expected deaths during the pandemic period. We calculated life table measures using standard demographic techniques and assessed significant yearly changes using bootstrapping.FindingsThe Florida Department of Corrections reported 510 total deaths from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 among the state prison population. This was 42% higher (rate ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.89) than the expected number of deaths in light of mortality rates for previous years. Reported COVID-19 deaths in a month were positively correlated with estimated excess deaths (80.4%, p <.01). Using age-specific mortality estimates, we found that life expectancy at age 20 declined by 4 years (95% CI 2.06-6.57) between 2019 and 2020 for the Florida prison population.InterpretationThe Florida prison population saw a significant increase in all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic period, leading to a decrease in life expectancy of more than four years. Life years lost by the Florida prison population were likely far greater than those lost by the general United States population, as reported by other studies. This difference in years lost highlights the need for increased interventions to protect vulnerable incarcerated populations during pandemics.FundingVital Projects Fund, Arnold Ventures, US Centers for Disease Control, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm using fundus photographs to predict 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases among Chinese population
Authors: Ma Yanjun , Xiong Jianhao , Zhu Yidan , Ge Zongyuan , Hua Rong , Fu Meng , Li Chenglong , Wang Bin , Dong Li , Zhao Xin , Chen Jili , Rong Ce , He Chao , Chen Yuzhong , Wang Zhaohui , Wei Wenbin , Xie Wuxiang , Wu Yangfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIschemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD) risk predict models are valuable but limited by its requirement for multidimensional medical information including that from blood drawing. A convenient and affordable alternative is in demand.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to predict 10-year ICVD risk using retinal fundus photographs in Chinese population.MethodsWe firstly labeled fundus photographs with natural logarithms of ICVD risk estimated by a previously validated 10-year Chinese ICVD risk prediction model for 390,947 adults randomly selected (95%) from a health checkup dataset. An algorithm using convolutional neural network was then developed to predict the estimated 10-year ICVD risk by fundus images. The algorithm was validated using both internal dataset (the other 5%) and external dataset from an independent source (sample size = 1,309). Adjusted R2and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the goodness of fit.ResultsThe adjusted R2between natural logarithms of the predicted and calculated ICVD risks was 0.876 and 0.638 in the internal and external validations, respectively. For detecting ICVD risk ≥ 5% and ≥ 7.5%, the algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.971 (95% CI: 0.967–0.975) and 0.976 (95% CI: 0.973–0.980) in internal validation, and 0.859 (95% CI: 0.822–0.895) and 0.876 (95% CI: 0.816–0.837) in external validation.ConclusionsThe deep learning algorithm developed in the study using fundus photographs to predict 10-year ICVD risk in Chinese population had fairly good capability in predicting the risk and may have values to be widely promoted considering its advances in easy use and lower cost. Further studies with long term follow up are warranted.
A Feasibility Trial to Evaluate the Composite Efficacy of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Covid 19 Pneumonia : Impact on Viral Load and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Moni Merlin , Madathil Thushara , Sathyapalan Dipu T , Menon Veena , Gutjahr Georg , Edathadathil Fabia , Sureshkumar Deepthi , Prasanna Preetha , Jose Soumya , Jerome Roshni , Krishnan Ajai , Pillai Indulekha C , Kumar Geetha , Nair Bipin , Jayant Aveek 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYBackgroundHypoxic patients with Covid 19 pneumonia are at high risk of adverse outcomes. Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) inhibits viral entry and replication of SARS-CoV2 and in vivo proof of its antiviral actions is unavailable to date. This feasibility study was conducted to test the antiviral effects of iNO and to describe clinical outcomes.Trial design and MethodsThe phase II open label, randomised controlled feasibility trial(ISRCTN 16806663) conducted at a South Indian tertiary care referral centre, recruited COVID-19 pneumonia patients with hypoxic respiratory failure and allocated them into iNO cases and control groups(1:1). iNO was administered as pulses for 30 minutes for three consecutive days at 12-hour intervals in cases, in addition to standard of care received by the control group. The primary outcome was decline in viral load, as defined by a surrogate change in the RT-PCR cycle threshold. The co-primary clinical outcome was time to improvement of >2 points on the WHO Ordinal Scale(WOS).ResultsAmong the 29 patients enrolled, 14 iNO cases and 11 controls completed the study protocol. Longitudinal analysis revealed a significant difference in the decline (p <0.002, N= 23) in viral load among the iNO cases compared to controls. The proportion of patients achieving 2-point improvement in the WOS within 14 days of randomisation was significantly higher in the iNO cases (n=11, 79%), as compared to the controls (n=4, 36%) (p=0.05).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated significant improvement in virological and clinical outcomes among patients with adjunct iNO therapy and no adverse effects were reported.