bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt-containing calcium phosphate induces resorption of biomineralized collagen by human osteoclasts
Authors: de Melo Pereira Daniel , Schumacher Matthias , Habibovic Pamela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background

Biomineralized collagen, consisting of fibrillar type-I collagen with embedded hydroxyapatite mineral, is a bone-mimicking material with potential application as a bone graft substitute. Despite the chemical and structural similarity with bone extracellular matrix, no evidence exists so far that biomineralized collagen can be resorbed by osteoclasts. The aim of the current study was to induce resorption of biomineralized collagen by osteoclasts by a two-fold modification: increasing the calcium phosphate content and introducing cobalt ions (Co
2+
), which have been previously shown to stimulate resorptive activity of osteoclasts.

Methods
To this end, we produced biomineralized collagen membranes and coated them with a cobalt-containing calcium phosphate (CoCaP). Human osteoclasts, derived from CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood, were differentiated directly on the membranes. Upon fluorescent staining of nuclei, F-actin and tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase, the cells were analyzed by laser confocal microscopy. Their resorption capacity was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as indirectly quantified by measuring the release of calcium ions into cell culture medium.

Results

The CoCaP coating increased the mineral content of the membranes by 4 wt.% and their elastic modulus from 1 to 10 MPa. The coated membranes showed a sustained Co
2+
release in water of about 7 nM per 2 days. In contrast to uncoated membranes, on CoCaP-coated biomineralized collagen membranes, osteoclasts sporadically formed actin rings, and induced formation of resorption lacunae, as observed by SEM and confirmed by increase in Ca
2+
concentration in cell culture medium. The effect of the CoCaP layer on osteoclast function is thought to be mainly caused by the increase of membrane stiffness, although the effect of Co
2+
, which was released in very low amounts, cannot be fully excluded.

Conclusions
This work shows the potential of this relatively simple approach to induce osteoclast resorption of biomineralized collagen, although the extent of osteoclast resorption was limited, and the method needs further optimization. Moreover, the coating method is suitable for incorporating bioactive ions of interest into biomineralized collagen, which is typically not possible using the common biomineralization methods, such as polymer-induced liquid precursor method.
A realist evaluation of a collaborative model to support research co-production in long-term care settings in England: the ExCHANGE protocol
Authors: Wilkinson K. , Day J. , Thompson-Coon J. , Goodwin V. , Liabo K. , Coxon G. , Cox G. , Marriott C. , Lang I. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Collaborative working between academic institutions and those who provide health and social care has been identified as integral in order to produce acceptable, relevant, and timely research, and for outputs to be useful and practical to implement. The ExCHANGE Collaboration aims to bring together researchers and people working, living in and visiting care homes to build capacity, share and mobilise knowledge, and identify key areas for future research. This paper describes an embedded, formative, realist and theory-driven evaluation which aims to gather information about how successful the ExCHANGE Collaboration is perceived to be in achieving its aims. An existing realist programme theory from the literature – Closer Collaboration – will be supplemented by two substantive theories: Co-production and Knowledge Brokering. This will result in an initial programme theory which will be tested by this formative evaluation to refine understanding of how the ExCHANGE Collaboration works.

Methods
The evaluation will employ mixed qualitative methods, including: analysis of documents such as feedback forms, Knowledge Broker journal/diary, event attendance records, risk and issues logs and other relevant paperwork gathered as part of project delivery; observations of events/activities; and interviews with care home providers and staff, care home residents, residents’ family members, and researchers who are involved in the project (both project design/delivery, and also attendance or involvement in project activities/events). Framework Analysis will be used to interpret the data collected; analysis will be strategic, by focusing on particular key areas of importance in the developing theory of how the ExCHANGE Collaboration might achieve change.

Results
The results of this study are expected to be published in 2022.

Discussion
This evaluation will investigate how successful the ExCHANGE Collaboration is perceived to be in achieving its aims, in what way, in which contexts, and how this may differ for those involved. It will do this by testing an initial programme theory about how the collaboration works, for whom, under which circumstances, and in what way. Findings will be shared through written publication, an end of project learning event for those involved/interested in the project, and a lay summary to be made publically available.
Standard protocol for the PIGRET assay, a high-throughput reticulocyte Pig-a assay with an immunomagnetic separation, used in the interlaboratory trial organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society
Authors: Chikura Satsuki , Kimoto Takafumi , Itoh Satoru , Sanada Hisakazu , Muto Shigeharu , Horibata Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe PIGRET assay is one of the Pig-a assays targeting reticulocytes (RETs), an in vivo genotoxicity evaluation method using flow cytometry with endogenous reporter glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein. The PIGRET assay with RETs selectively enriched with anti-CD71 antibodies has several desirable features: high-throughput assay system, low background frequency of mutant cells, and early detection of mutation. To verify the potential and usefulness of the PIGRET assay for short-term testing, an interlaboratory trial involving 16 laboratories organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society was conducted. The collaborating laboratories assessed the mutagenicities of a total of 24 chemicals in rats using a single-treatment design and standard protocols for conducting the Pig-a assay on the total red blood cell assay and the PIGRET assay. Here the standard protocol for the PIGRET assay was described in detail.
A theoretical insight in interactions of some chemical compounds as mTOR inhibitors
Authors: Arthur David Ebuka , Akoji Jibrin Noah , Sahnoun Riadh , Okafor Greatman C. , Abdullahi Karimatu Lami , Abdullahi Samira A. , Mgbemena Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA series of known Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved anticancer drugs were collected from the literature and docked against mTOR receptor which has been identified in present time as a target for therapeutic anticancer agents. The compounds binding affinity were calculated after minimising the interaction within the binding pockets’ of the mTOR (4JT6) receptor.ResultsThe result shows that PF-04691502 ligand best inhibited mTOR while occupying the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site on the receptor. PF-04691502 had the best binding affinity with a reported value of − 39.261 kcal/mol, and a hydrogen bond energy contribution of − 8.326 kcal/mol. Polamid529 is also found to have a good binding affinity of − 36.75 kcal/mol with the receptor, but was less significant than that calculated for the reference or standard inhibitor (X6K) used (− 37.862 kcal/mol). Further analysis revealed that Palomid529 formed a more stable complex with the receptor than torin2 and X6K due to the significant hydrogen bond contributions it adds to its overall binding score.ConclusionPF-04691502 ligand was identified as the best inhibitor due to its high binding affinity for mTOR and should be considered as the best alternative to the reference inhibitor X6K.
Diversified calcimicrobes in dendrolites of the Zhangxia Formation, Miaolingian Series (Middle Cambrian) of the North China craton
Authors: Mei Ming-Xiang , Riaz Muhammad , Zhang Zhen-Wu , Meng Qing-Fen , Hu Yuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a type of non-laminated microbial carbonates, dendrolites are dominated by isolated dendritic clusters of calcimicrobes and are distinct from stromatolites and thrombolites. The dendrolites in the upper part of the Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation at Anjiazhuang section in Feicheng city of Shandong Province, China, provide an excellent example for further understanding of both growth pattern and forming mechanism of dendrolites. These dendrolites are featured by sedimentary fabrics and composition of calcified microbes as follows. (1) The strata of massive limestones, composed of dendrolites with thickness of more than one hundred meters, intergrade with thick-bedded to massive leiolites, formimg the upper part of a third-order depositional sequence that constitutes a forced regressive systems tract. (2) A centimeter-sized bush-like fabric (shrub) typically produced by calcified microbes is similar to the mesoclot in thrombolites but distinctive from clotted fabrics of thrombolites. This bush-like fabric is actually constituted by diversified calcified microbes like the modern shrub as a result of gliding mobility of filamentous cyanobacteria. Such forms traditionally include: the Epiphyton group (which actually has uncertain biological affinity), the Hedstroemia group which closely resembles modern rivulariacean cyanobacteria, and the possible calcified cyanobacteria of the Lithocodium–Bacinella group. (3) Significantly, dense micrite of leiolite is associated with sponge fossils and burrows, and is covered by microstromatolite. The Lithocodium–Bacinella group is a controversial group of interpreted calcified cyanobacteria in the Cambrian that has also been widely observed and described in the Mesozoic. Therefore, dendrolites with symbiosis of leiolites in the studied section provide an extraordinary example for further understanding of growing style of bush-like fabrics (shrubs) of the dendrolites dominated by cyanobacterial mats. Furthermore, the present research provides some useful thinking approaches for better understanding of the history of the Early Paleozoic skeletal reefs and the microbe–metazoan transitions of the Cambrian.
Intraoperative patellar maltracking and postoperative radiographic patellar malalignment were more frequent in cases of complete medial collateral ligament release in cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Noh Jung Ho , Kim Nam Yeop , Song Ki Ill 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Patellar maltracking after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to significant patellofemoral complications such as anterior knee pain, increased component wear, and a higher risk of component loosening, patellar fracture, and instability. This study was to investigate the preoperative and operative variables that significantly affect patellar tracking after cruciate-retaining TKA.

Methods
We studied 142 knee joints in patients who had undergone TKA: the knees were dichotomized based on postoperative patellar tracking, which was evaluated on patellar skyline, axial-projection radiographs: group 1, normal patellar tracking (lateral tilt ≤ 10° and displacement ≤ 3 mm) and group 2, patellar maltracking (lateral tilt > 10° or displacement > 3 mm). The patients’ demographic data and clinical and radiographic measurements obtained before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results
Preoperative lateral patellar displacement was greater (4.1 ± 2.6 mm vs. 6.0 ± 3.5 mm), as was the frequency of medial collateral ligament (MCL) release (3/67 vs. 24/75) in group 2 than in group 1 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The distal femur was cut in a greater degree of valgus in group 1 than in group 2. (6.3 ± 0.8° vs. 6.0 ± 0.8°) (p = 0.034).

Conclusions
Complete release of the MCL during surgery was associated with patellar maltracking (logistic regression: p = 0.005, odds ratio = 20.592). Surgeons should attend to patellar tracking during surgery in medially tight knees.

Level of evidence
Retrospective comparative study, level III.
Which orally administered antithrombotic agent is most effective for preventing venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty? A propensity score-matching analysis
Authors: Jang Seonpyo , Shin Woo Cheol , Song Min Ku , Han Hyuk-Soo , Lee Myung Chul , Ro Du Hyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Even today, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). The purpose of our study is to report the incidence of postoperative VTE and to compare the efficacy of commonly used orally administered antithrombotic agents.

Materials and methods
Seven hundred ad ninety-nine patients who underwent primary TKA were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were prescribed one of three antithrombotic agents: aspirin (n = 168), rivaroxaban (n = 117), or apixaban (n = 514). Before surgery, patient demographics and risk factors were matched via propensity scoring. After surgery, all three groups took the agent for 7 days and underwent ultrasonography to check for VTE.

Results
The overall incidence of postoperative VTE was 15.4% (123/799). Only one patient developed symptomatic VTE. Female sex and staged bilateral TKA were risk factors for postoperative VTE. The postoperative VTE rates in the aspirin, rivaroxaban, and apixaban groups were 16.2%, 6.0%, and 17.1%, respectively, significantly lower in the rivaroxaban group (p <  0.02). The majority of VTEs in all three groups were calf-vein thromboses.

Conclusions
All agents showed enough efficacy as antithrombotic agents. Considering that aspirin is inexpensive, aspirin is a cost-effective option for preventing postoperative VTE.
Evaluating lubiprostone for effective bowel preparation before colonoscopy
Authors: Hamada Yasser , Emam Ibrahim , Maher Rabab , El-Garem Hassan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Colon preparation is a fundamental step for performing a successful colonoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of administering lubiprostone (LB) added to a single dose of oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution in achieving satisfactory colon cleanliness and decreasing the side effects.

Results
One-hundred percent of the control group patients reported that the experienced taste was worse than expected, while in the intervention group half of the patients (50%) said that the taste was natural and 48% experienced taste worse than expected (p<0.0001). Regarding Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS), there was a significant difference in the overall Boston scale (p=0.02) with more efficacy in the intervention group as 66% of patients in the intervention group had good bowel preparation (5–7) and 24% excellent preparation (8–9). On the other hand, the overall Boston scale in the control group showed that 54% of patients were between 5 and 7, and only 16% of patients had overall Boston scale 8–9. In terms of the side effects of the preparation in both arms, the majority of cases in the intervention arm did not complain of any side effects (78%), while the majority of the complaints were vomiting in 16% of the intervention cases.

Conclusion
The current evidence suggested that adding LB to the colon preparation significantly improved the tolerability and efficacy.
Scrutinizing pharmacological efficiency for Acacia auriculiformis by experimental and computational approach
Authors: Nur Shafinaz , Hossain Md. Mohotasin , Islam Nadia , Tareq Abu Montakim , Hanif Nujhat Binte , Khatun Riniara , Sayeed Mohammed Abu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The study sought to investigate the biological efficacy of methanol leave extract of Acacia auriculiformis (MEAA) via in vitro, in vivo, in silico approaches. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated through brine shrimp lethality assay, and anti-inflammatory activity was determined by membrane stabilisation and protein denaturation methods (BSA and egg albumin). The in vivo antipyretic activity was examined via Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia model.

Results
A. auriculiformis extract unveiled moderate cytotoxicity with significant anti-inflammatory efficacy (p < 0.001) compared to standard drug. This extract also exhibited dose-dependent time of paralysis and death for the worm (p < 0.001) in the anthelmintic test which was directly proportional to employed concentrations. A notable percentage of clot lysis effect (36.42 ± 1.95%, p < 0.001) was also observed for MEAA in human blood compared to control. However, this extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fever in a dose-dependent manner during the antipyretic experiment. Besides, in computer-aided investigations, two compounds (2,4-ditert-butylphenol and 3-hydroxy-β-damascone) revealed the best binding interaction with six proteins for cytotoxicity, inflammation, helminthic, thrombolytic and pyretic effect. Moreover, these two compounds satisfy Lipinski’s ‘Rule of Five’ and revealed drug-likeness profiles in the toxicological study.

Conclusions
These findings disclosed that methanol leaves extract of A. auriculiformis might be a potent source for anti-inflammatory, anti-helminthic, thrombolytic and antipyretic agents.
Endoscopic Management as a Viable Therapy for Pancreaticopleural and Pancreaticopericardial Fistulas
Authors: Chan Sandy , Petersile Matthew , Churrango Gustavo , Zivny Jaroslav 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Pancreatic fistulas are rare complications of chronic pancreatitis, typically caused when disruption of the pancreatic duct causes leakage of pancreatic fluid that erodes through neighboring organs and structures. Pancreatic fistulas to the pericardium and pleural spaces are extremely rare, and cases of multiple fistulas tracking from the pancreas have not been reported before. Management of these fluid collections is challenging with no consensus described in the current literature. We report a case of a patient with concurrent pancreaticopericardial and pancreaticopleural fistulas who improved with endoscopic management.
Organisationale Technokulturen
Authors: Schaupp Simon 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel untersucht organisationskulturelle Praktiken der Technikkritik im Kontext der „Industrie 4.0“. Empirische Grundlage ist die ethnographische Untersuchung der Aneignung algorithmischer Arbeitssteuerung durch Produktionsbeschäftigte in zwei Industrieunternehmen. Als Analyserahmen für die geteilten kulturellen Bezüge der Beschäftigten auf die digitalen Technologien wird der Begriff der organisationalen Technokulturen vorgeschlagen. Dabei können offizielle Technokulturen kontrastiert werden mit Technokulturen der Kritik. Während erstere eine Techniknutzung entsprechend den Organisationszielen propagieren, grenzen sich letztere von diesen ab und stellen stattdessen den Eigensinn der Akteure ins Zentrum. Inwiefern sich diese Technokulturen manifestieren, ist stark kontextabhängig. In Situationen, in denen das Management der untersuchten Unternehmen nicht anwesend war, manifestierte sich die Kritik der Beschäftigten in expliziten und vehementen Anklagen digitaler Würdeverletzungen. Aber auch im Arbeitsalltag kam es zu kritischen Aneignungspraktiken. Diese nahmen vor allem die weitgehend gefahrlose Form des subversiven Humors an. Entgegen einer Position, die Beschäftigte als passive Objekte oder als ‚Komplizen‘ digitaler Kontrollregime versteht, kann hier gezeigt werden, dass die Beschäftigten spezifische interpretative Kompetenzen entwickeln, um Freiheitsräume auszumachen und Kritik zu üben.
Multifunctional graphene nanofiller in flame retarded polybutadiene/chloroprene/carbon black composites
Authors: Battig Alexander , Fadul Naïssa Abdou-Rahaman , Frasca Daniele , Schulze Dietmar , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To curtail flammability risks and improve material properties, flame retardants (FRs) and fillers are mixed into rubbers. High loadings of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) and carbon black (CB) are the most used FRs and reinforcing additive, respectively, in rubbers. To reduce loading without losing mechanical properties, partial substitution of ATH as well as CB by low amounts of multilayer graphene (MLG) nanoparticles is investigated. The high aspect ratio MLG is made of ten graphene sheets. In polybutadiene/chloroprene (BR/CR) nanocomposites 3 phr MLG replaced 15 phr CB and/or 3 phr ATH. Material and mechanical properties as well as fire behavior of the nanocomposites are compared to BR/CR with 20 phr CB both with and without 50 phr ATH. MLG appears as a promising nanofiller to improve the functional properties: replacement of CB improved rheological, curing, and mechanical properties; substitution of ATH improved nanocomposite properties without affecting flame retardancy.
Data Protection and Data Commerce: Friends or Foes?
Authors: Durovic Mateja , Montanaro Marco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the relation between the European rules on data protection and the commercialization of data. After contextualising the ongoing data revolution, it is argued that the practice of commercializing data may raise problematic issues under data protection law in two fundamental respects. First, it is often unclear whether data protection law should apply to begin with (‘the “if” problem’). Secondly, when and if data protection law applies, it is frequently hard to determine how it should apply (‘the “how” problem’). As we will observe, both the irreducibly dynamic nature of data and the conceptual blurriness of our legal discourse risk setting data protection law and trade in data on a baleful collision course.
Unilateral Modification of Long Term Contracts: American Change of Terms Clauses and Italian Ius Variandi from a ‘Relational’ Point of View
Authors: Caldarelli Gioia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the compromise required between certainty and flexibility in long-term contracts, which would appear to be intrinsically linked to the adoption of adjustment tools. The allocation of rights and risks at the beginning of a contract may include the enforceability of clauses which empowers one party to unilaterally amend the original terms of the contract. On the one hand, a right granted by a change of terms clause, if properly exercised, may allow both parties to obtain the most from a long-term contract. On the other, it is essential to provide limitations so as to avoid the result that this contractual dexterity gives an unfair advantage to one party to the detriment of the weaker party.