bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Multifocal Infection in Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis: a retrospective observational Study
Authors: Henkelmann Jeanette , Denecke Timm , Pieroh Philipp , Einhorn Stephanie , Hoeh Nicolas H. von der , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard , Voelker Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Due to the unspecific symptoms of spondylodiscitis (SpD), an early radiological examination is necessary. However, controversially discussed is the need for magnetic resonance imaging of the entire spine to exclude multisegmental infections and to determine the required surgical interventions. The aims of this study were to assess the incidence of multilevel non-contiguous pyogenic SpD and compare comorbidities, pain symptoms, and subsequent surgical strategies between unifocal (uSpD) and multifocal (mSpD) SpD.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients with confirmed, surgically treated, pyogenic SpD who had received a total spine MRI in a single spine center between 2016 and 2018. MRI findings were classified according to Pola-classification and demographics, duration of clinical symptoms (pain and neurology) and Charlson Comorbidity-Index (CCI) results were compared between uSpD und mSpD groups. Surgical therapy was evaluated in patients with mSpD. Results: uSpD was detected by MRI in 69 of 79 patients (87 %). Of these, mSpD was detected in 10 patients (13%) with 21 infected segments (cervical and/ or thoracic and/ or lumbar region). Age and CCI were similar between uSpD and mSpD and 24 of all SpD regions were clinically unapparent. All patients with uSpD were treated operatively. In seven patients with mSpD, all infected levels of the spine were treated surgically in a one-stage procedure; one patient had a two-stage procedure and one patient had surgery at the lumbar spine, and an additional infected segment of the upper thoracic spine was treated conservatively. One patient died before a planned two-stage procedure was performed.Conclusions:Due to mSpD being found in approximately 13% of SpD cases, and considering the risk of overlooking an mSpD case, MRI imaging of the total spine is recommended. The detection of multiple infection levels can have an impact on the therapeutic strategy chosen.
"I can't live like that": The experience of caregiver stress of caring for a relative with substance use disorder
Authors: Maina Geoffrey , Ogenchuk Marcella , Phaneuf Taryn , Kwame Abukari 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The impact of addiction extends beyond the individual using a substance. Caring for an individual with addiction creates persistent stressful circumstances that cause worry, anger, depression, shame, guilt, anxiety, and behavioral problems within the family unit.The aim of the study: The paper aims to explore the experiences of caring for a relative with a substance use disorder (SUD) and self-care strategies caregivers employ.Methods: The study adopted an exploratory qualitative design. To be included in the study, participants were required to have a relative with a (SUD) disorder and not be actively using the substance themselves. Individual interviews were conducted to gather their experiences, meanings, and how they made sense of caring for a relative with a SUD.Results: 21 Participants were involved in the study, of which 17 were women, and four were men of which there had a sister, four had a brother, eight had a parent, six had a dependent, and one participant had a grandparent with a SUD. Four themes, whose overarching focus is the pains of living and caring for a family with a SUD, caused the participants and how the participants mitigated these experiences.Conclusion: The stress associated with caring for individuals with a SUD impacts the caregiver's physical and mental health. Specific care modalities targeting caregivers need to be developed to address the health impact and to support self-care.
Prognostic values, ceRNA network, and immune regulation function of SDPR in KRAS-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Luo Xiaoqing , Peng Shunli , Ding Sijie , Zeng Qin , Wang Rong , Ma Yueyun , Chen Shiyu , Wang Yanxia , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Serum Deprivation Protein Response (SDPR) plays an important role in formation of pulmonary alveoli. However, the functions and values of SDPR in lung cancer remain unknown. We explored prognostic value, expression pattern, and biological function of SDPR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and KRAS-mutant lung cancers.Methods: SDPR expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot on human NSCLC cells, lung adenocarcinoma tissue array, KRAS-mutant transgenic mice, TCGA and GEO datasets. Prognostic values of SDPR were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Bioinformatics implications of SDPR including SDPR-combined transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs were predicted. In addition, correlations between SDPR, immune checkpoint molecules, and tumor infiltration models were illustrated.Results: SDPR expression was downregulated in tumor cells and tissues. Low SDPR expression was an independent factor that correlated with shorter overall survival of patients both in lung cancer and KRAS-mutant subgroups. Meanwhile, ceRNA network was constructed to clarify the regulatory and biological functions of SDPR. Negative correlations were found between SDPR and immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF9, and TDO2). Moreover, diversity immune infiltration models were observed in NSCLC with different SDPR expression and copy number variation (CNV) patterns.Conclusions: This study elucidated regulation network of SDPR in KRAS-mutant NSCLC, and it illustrated correlations between low SDPR expression and suppressed immune system, unfolding a prognostic factor and potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, especially for KRAS-mutant NSCLC.
Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in two contrasting soybean genotypes subjected to phosphate starvation
Authors: zhang jinyu , Xu Huanqing , Yang Yuming , Zhang Xiangqian , Huang Zhongwen , Zhang Dan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and development, and low-phosphorus (LP) stress is a major factor limiting the growth and yield of soybean. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been reported to be key regulators in the responses of plants to stress conditions, but the mechanism through which LP stress mediates the biogenesis of lncRNAs in soybean remains unclear.Results: In this study, to explore the response mechanisms of lncRNAs to LP stress, we used the roots of two representative soybean genotypes that present opposite responses to P deficiency, namely, a P-sensitive genotype (Bogao) and a P-tolerant genotype (NN94156), for the construction of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries. In total, 4,166 novel lncRNAs, including 525 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, were identified from the two genotypes at different P levels. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that numerous DE lncRNAs might be involved in diverse biological processes related to phosphate, such as lipid metabolic processes, catalytic activity, cell membrane formation, signal transduction, and nitrogen fixation. Moreover, lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA and lncRNA-mRNA networks were constructed, and the results identified several promising lncRNAs that might be highly valuable for further analysis of the mechanism underlying the response of soybean to LP stress.Conclusions: These results revealed that LP stress can significantly alter the genome-wide profiles of lncRNAs, particularly those of the P-sensitive genotype Bogao. Our findings increase the understanding of and provide new insights into the function of lncRNAs in the responses of soybean to P stress.
Experimental determination of carbon diffusion in liquid iron at high pressure
Authors: Rebaza Anna M. , Posner Esther S. , Thielmann Marcel , Rubie David C. , Steinle-Neumann Gerd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The transport properties of liquid iron alloys at high pressure (P) and temperature (T) are essential for understanding the formation, composition, and evolution of planetary cores. Light alloying elements (e.g., Si, O, S, C, N, H) in liquid iron are particularly relevant due to the density deficit of Earth’s core, yet high P-T experimental diffusion studies involving such alloys remain scarce, with large uncertainties on the P and T dependence required for extrapolation to core conditions. In this study, we measured the chemical diffusion of carbon in liquid iron over a P-T range of 3–15 GPa and 1700–2450 K using a multi-anvil apparatus. Diffusion couples consisting of pure Fe and Fe-2.5 wt%C cylinders were placed end-to-end in an MgO capsule in a vertical orientation. Carbon concentration profiles were measured by electron microprobe and modeled numerically to correct for non-isothermal diffusion that occurred prior to reaching the peak temperature. Carbon diffusion coefficients range from 6 × 10−9 m2·s−1 to 2 × 10−8 m2·s−1, with global Arrhenian fit parameters D0 = 1.4 ± 0.5 × 10−7 m2·s−1, ΔE = 43 ± 6 kJ/mol, and ΔV = −0.06 ± 0.19 cm3·mol−1. A negligible P effect is consistent with previous studies of oxygen diffusion in liquid iron and high-T calculations but differs from larger ΔV values previously reported from carbon self-diffusion experiments for liquid Fe3C and simulations for an Fe-Ni–C alloy. Carbon diffusion coefficients determined here are approximately three times faster than those reported from Fe-Ni-C liquid simulations, which highlights the potential significance of compositional effects on mass transport properties of liquid iron alloys and the need for expanding the P-T experimental diffusion data set currently available in the literature to more complex and geologically relevant compositions.
Targeting Glioblastoma: The Current State of Different Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Khan Imran , Mahfooz Sadaf , Elbasan Elif Burce , Karacam Busra , Oztanir Mustafa Namik , Hatiboglu Mustafa Aziz 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Glioma is the primary cancer of the central nervous system in adults.
Among gliomas, glioblastoma is the most deadly and aggressive form, with an average life span of
1 to 2 years. Despite implementing the rigorous standard care involving maximal surgical removal
followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, the patient prognosis remains poor. Due to
the infiltrative nature of glioblastoma, chemo- and radio-resistance behavior of these tumors and
lack of potent chemotherapeutic drugs, treatment of glioblastoma is still a big challenge.

Objective:
The goal of the present review is to shed some light on the present state of novel strategies,
including molecular therapies, immunotherapies, nanotechnology and combination therapies
for patients with glioblastoma.

Methodology:
Peer reviewed literature was extracted via Embase, Ovid, PubMed and Google Scholar till the year 2020.

Conclusion:
Insufficient effect of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is more likely because of different
drug resistance mechanisms and intrinsically complex pathological characteristics. Therefore,
more advancement in various therapeutic approaches such as antitumor immune response, targeting
growth regulatory and drug resistance pathways, enhancing drug delivery and drug carrier systems
are required in order to establish an effective treatment approach for patients with glioblastoma.
Synthesis of endo-fused 5-unsubstituted Hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinesvia Sequential Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed Cationic Imino-Diels-Alder Reaction/N-debenzylation using N-benzylanilines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and Paraformaldehyde under MW Irradiation
Authors: Salgado Arturo R.M. , Galvis Carlos E.P. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Meléndez Carlos Mario 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines are known to have antibacterial, antifungal, and
antitumor properties. Great efforts have been made to develop new synthetic methods that lead to the synthesis of
valuable libraries. Extensive methodologies, low yields, excessive amounts of catalyst and expensive reactants
are some of the limitations of current methodologies.

Aim and Objective:
Developing a useful and efficient method to construct diversely substituted hexahydro-2Hpyrano[
3,2-c]quinolines into good to excellent yields through a cationic imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation
methodology.

Method:
The cationic imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation methodology was used for the preparation of substituted
hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines. It involves the use of Sc(OTf)3 for activation of cationic imino-
Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of N-benzylanilines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and paraformaldehyde in MeCN;
and microwave irradiation to shorten reaction time to afford new 6-benzyl-hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-
c]quinolines whose catalytic transfer debenzylation reactions with HCO2NH4 in the presence of Pd/C (10%) and
methanol give the new 5-unsubstituted pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines in excellent yields.

Results:
: We found that optimal conditions for the preparation of hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines were
Sc(OTf)3 0.5 % and acetonitrile at 160°C for 15 min; and using paraformaldehyde obtained the 6-benzylhexahydro-
2H-pyrano [3,2-c]quinolines with excellent yields, while the N-debenzylation process using ammonium
formate in the presence of Pd/C and methanol resulted in the synthesis of hexahydro-2H-pyrano [3,2-c] quinolines
with quantitative yields (95-98%).

Conclusion:
We describe an efficient method to synthesize hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines via the cationic
imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation methodology using Sc(OTf)3 0.5 % as Lewis Acid catalyst. Excellent
yields of the products, use of MW irradiation, short times of reactions, and an efficient and highly diversified
method are some of the main advantages of this new protocol.
Synthesis of New Cyclopeptide Analogues of the Miuraenamides
Authors: Kappler Sarah , Siebert Andreas , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:Miuraenamides belong to natural marine compounds with interesting biological properties.Materials and Methods:They initiate polymerization of monomeric actin and therefore show high cytotoxicity by influencing the cytoskeleton. New derivatives of the miuraenamides have been synthesized containing a N-methylated amide bond instead of the more easily hydrolysable ester in the natural products.Results:Incorporation of an aromatic side chain onto the C-terminal amino acid of the tripeptide fragment also led to highly active new miuraenamides.Conclusion:In this study, we showed that the ester bond of the natural product miuraenamide can be replaced by an N-methyl amide. The yields in the cyclization step were high and generally much better than with the corresponding esters. On the other hand, the biological activity of the new amide analogs was lower compared to the natural products, but the activity could significantly be increased by incorporation of a p-nitrophenyl group at the C-terminus of the peptide fragment.
economic impacts of direct payments on agricultural income – A Literature Review
Authors: Szerletics Akos , Jambor Attila 
Published: January 2021

The economic impacts of direct payments is a widely studied field in the literature related to the Common Agricultural Policy. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the income-related impacts of direct payments. In doing so, the article screened the academic literature on the impacts of direct payments and identified 150 relevant ones, out of which 41 were written directly on income-related effects.Relevant articles can be classified into four groups: general, distributional, stabilisation and other impacts. Most of the literature criticised the ongoing system of direct payments and their effectiveness in producing income-related policy goals. We believe that our results can be useful for researchers and policymakers in better understanding the income-related impacts of direct payments.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: Q18
Bridging Learning in Medicine and Citizenship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Telehealth-Based Case Study
Authors: Cerqueira-Silva Thiago , Carreiro Roberto , Nunes Victor , Passos Louran , Canedo Bernardo F , Andrade Sofia , Ramos Pablo Ivan P , Khouri Ricardo , Santos Carolina Barbosa Souza , Nascimento Jedson Dos Santos , Paste Aurea Angélica , Paiva Filho Ivan De Mattos , Santini-Oliveira Marília , Cruz Álvaro , Barral-Netto Manoel , Boaventura Viviane 
Published: January 2021

Background
COVID-19 presented great challenges for not only those in the field of health care but also those undergoing medical training. The burden on health care services worldwide has limited the educational opportunities available for medical students due to social distancing requirements.

Objective
In this paper, we describe a strategy that combines telehealth and medical training to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A toll-free telescreening service, Telecoronavirus, began operations in March 2020. This service was operated remotely by supervised medical students and was offered across all 417 municipalities (14.8 million inhabitants) in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Students recorded clinical and sociodemographic data by using a web-based application that was simultaneously accessed by medical volunteers for supervision purposes, as well as by state health authorities who conducted epidemiological surveillance and health management efforts. In parallel, students received up-to-date scientific information about COVID-19 via short educational videos prepared by professors. A continuously updated triage algorithm was conceived to provide consistent service.

Results
The program operated for approximately 4 months, engaging 1396 medical students and 133 physicians. In total, 111,965 individuals residing in 343 municipalities used this service. Almost 70,000 individuals were advised to stay at home, and they received guidance to avoid disease transmission, potentially contributing to localized reductions in the spread of COVID-19. Additionally, the program promoted citizenship education for medical students, who were engaged in a real-life opportunity to fight the pandemic within their own communities. The objectives of the education, organization, and assistance domains of the Telecoronavirus program were successfully achieved according to the results of a web-based post-project survey that assessed physicians’ and students’ perceptions.

Conclusions
In a prolonged pandemic scenario, a combination of remote tools and medical supervision via telehealth services may constitute a useful strategy for maintaining social distancing measures while preserving some practical aspects of medical education. A low-cost tool such as the Telecoronavirus program could be especially valuable in resource-limited health care scenarios, in addition to offering support for epidemiological surveillance actions.
HPLC ANALYSIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES STUDIES OF TRUNK BARKS OF ACACIA NILOTICA VAR ADANSONII (GUILL AND PERR) O KTZE (MIMOSACEAE)
Authors: L. BOLY A. GILCHRIST , NOUFOU OUEDRAOGO , ARISTIDE TRAORE , T. TRAORE KADIATOU , MOHAMED BELEMLILGA , LAZARE BELEMNABA , MOUSSA OUEDRAOGO , MARIUS LOMPO , SYLVIN OUEDRAOGO , PIERRE GUISSOU I. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract and fractions of the trunk bark of Acacia nilotica.
Methods: A maceration of the powder of the trunks barks of the plant was realized. Then the aqueous macerate obtained was fractionated with dichloromethane, butanol and ethyl acetate successively. The phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were identified by HPLC/DAD. Lipoxygenase and phospholipase inhibition tests with the aqueous extract and the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were carried out. The anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract was assessed in vivo by the anti-edema test with carrageenan and the analgesic test with acetic acid at different doses (200 mg/ml; 400 mg/ml; 600 mg/ml). Aspirin (200 mg/ml) and paracetamol (200 mg/ml) were used as a reference.
Results: The HPLC/DAD analysis of the extracts revealed that gallic acid is the most abundant phenol acid in the extracts. The aqueous extract inhibited lipoxygenase (IC50 = 18.32±1.18 μg/ml), phospholipase (11.44±0.32% per 100 μg/ml) and cyclooxygenase (56.48±0.29% for 100 μg/ml) as well as its tested fractions. It also reduced edema and pain in the mice by more than 50% from the 400 mg/ml dose.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-inflammatory properties. Hence its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of inflammation.
Памяти события: об истории Спасо-Преображенского Воротынского монастыря и проекте достопримечательного места
Authors: Шевченко Элеонора 
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена событию, отстоящему от нас более чем на 500 лет, - Великому стоянию на Угре.
Несмотря на то, что юбилей события прошел, о нём следует говорить ещй и ещё. Сегодня очень немногие соотечественни­ки знают о том, что это было за «Стояние» и почему так важно нам всем праздновать это знаковое, для Отечества и всех его граждан событие название которому «Великое стояние на Угре». Именно здесь на реке Угре в 1480 году произошло событие не менее значимое, чем наши Победы в смутные времена и в 1812 и 1945 годах.
Поэтому так важно донести как можно большему числу соотечественников об этом Великом для страны событии и добиться, чтобы территория на которой оно происходи­ло, было зафиксировано как объект культурного наследия в виде достопримечательного места. Сейчас монастырь, воз­двигнутый Воротынским в честь великого события, лишился значительных территорий и, самое печальное, утрачивается историческая природная среда, сохранившая еще свою первозданность и аутентичность.