bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
Authors: Li Guangfei , Chen Yu , Le Thang M. , Wang Wuyi , Tang Xiaoying , Li Chiang-Shan R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWorking memory has been examined extensively using the N-back task. However, less is known about the neural bases underlying individual variation in the accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT) as metrics of N-back performance. Whereas AR indexes the overall performance, RT may more specifically reflect the efficiency in updating target identify. Further, studies have associated fluid intelligence (Gf) with working memory, but the cerebral correlates shared between Gf and N-back performance remain unclear. We addressed these issues using the Human Connectome Project dataset. We quantified the differences in AR (critical success index or CSI) and RT between 2- and 0-backs (CSI2–0 and RT2–0) and identified the neural correlates of individual variation in CSI2–0, RT2–0, and Gf, as indexed by the number of correct items scored in the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test. The results showed that CSI2–0 and RT2–0 were negatively correlated, suggesting that a prolonged response time did not facilitate accuracy. At voxel p < 0.05, FWE-corrected, the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral frontoparietal cortex (biFPC) and right anterior insula (rAI) showed activities in negative correlation with CSI2–0 and positive correlation with RT2–0. In contrast, a cluster in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) bordering the SMA showed activities in positive correlation with CSI2–0 and negative correlation with RT2–0. Further, path analyses showed a significant fit of the model dACC → RT2–0 → CSI2–0, suggesting a critical role of target switching in determining performance accuracy. Individual variations in RT2–0 and Gf were positively correlated, although the effect size was small (f2 = 0.0246). RT2–0 and Gf shared activities both in positive correlation with the preSMA, biFPC, rAI, and dorsal precuneus. These results together suggest inter-related neural substrates of individual variation in N-back performance and highlight a complex relationship in the neural processes supporting 2-back and RSPM performance.
Quantitative modeling of radioactive cesium concentrations in large omnivorous mammals after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
Authors: Shuryak Igor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge quantities of radionuclides released by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident entered terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The resulting radioactive contamination of large omnivorous wild mammals such as wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) varied greatly depending on location, season, and time after the accident. Quantitative modeling of how such factors influence radionuclide burdens in these species is important for enhancing current knowledge of chronic radionuclide exposure consequences in mammalian populations, and for assessing potential human risks from consumption of contaminated animal meat. Here we modeled the time course of radioactive cesium (134Cs + 137Cs) concentrations in boar and black bears from Fukushima Prefecture over ~ 7 years after the accident, using nonlinear robust and quantile regressions and mixed-effects modeling. To estimate predictive performance, models fitted to the full data set were compared with those fitted only to the first 3.5 years of data, and tested on the last 3.5 years of data. Ecological half-lives for radioactive cesium, and magnitudes and phase shifts for sinusoidal seasonal oscillations in cesium burdens, were estimated by each analysis method for each species. These results can improve the understanding and prediction of radionuclide concentrations in large mammals that inhabit radioactively contaminated areas.
Cinacalcet may suppress kidney enlargement in hemodialysis patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Nakatani Shinya , Nishide Kozo , Okuno Senji , Ishimura Eiji , Kabata Daijiro , Morioka Fumiyuki , Machiba Yuri , Uedono Hideki , Tsuda Akihiro , Shoji Shigeichi , Inaba Masaaki , Mori Katsuhito , Yamakawa Tomoyuki , Emoto Masanori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA massively enlarged kidney can impact quality of life of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. A recent in vitro study demonstrated that an allosteric modulator of the calcium sensing receptor decreases adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, an important factor for kidney enlargement in ADPKD. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether cinacalcet, a calcium sensing receptor agonist, suppresses kidney enlargement in hemodialysis patients with ADPKD. Alteration of total kidney volume together with clinical parameters was retrospectively examined in 12 hemodialysis patients with ADPKD treated at a single institution in Japan. In the non-cinacalcet group with longer hemodialysis duration (n = 5), total kidney volume had an annual increase of 4.19 ± 1.71% during an overall period of 877 ± 494 days. In contrast, the annual rate of increase in total kidney volume in the cinacalcet group (n = 7) was significantly suppressed after cinacalcet treatment, from 3.26 ± 2.87% during a period of 734 ± 352 days before the start of cinacalcet to − 4.71 ± 6.42% during 918 ± 524 days after initiation of treatment (p = 0.047). The present findings showed that cinacalcet could be a novel therapeutic tool for suppression of kidney enlargement in hemodialysis patients with ADPKD.
Bone loss in hepatitis B virus-infected patients can be associated with greater osteoclastic activity independently of the retroviral use
Authors: Dessordi Renata , Watanabe Ligia Moriguchi , Guimarães Mariana Palma , Romão Elen Almeida , de Lourdes Candolo Martinelli Ana , de Carvalho Santana Rodrigo , Navarro Anderson Marliere 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNucleoside/nucleotide analogs such as tenofovir, have been used as long-term therapy for the treatment of hepatitis B and side effects such as the reduction in bone mineral density have been associated with their use. To determine the relationships between bone, hormonal, biochemical, and mineral parameters in patients with hepatitis B treated with nucleoside/nucleotide antiviral. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 81 adult patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to assess bone mineral density. Biochemical analyses were performed for osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, IGF-1, TSH, testosterone, estradiol, FSH, transaminases, urea, creatinine, calcium, serum and urinary phosphorus, magnesium, and FGF-23, body composition was performed by DXA. Participants, both gender, were divided according to the use of antiretrovirals: Group1: 27 inactive virus carriers without medication; Group2: 27 patients using tenofovir; and Group3: 27 patients using lamivudine or entecavir. DXA readings diagnosed osteopenia in the lumbar spine for 7.4% of individuals in Group1, 15% in Group2, and 3.7% in Group3. For all groups, we observed normal values in bone formation markers, osteocalcin levels as well as parathyroid hormone, insulin growth factor 1, and FGF-23. In all groups, we found increased levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker. Increased levels in the bone resorption markers indicated a high resorptive activity of bone tissue. These data suggested high resorption activity of bone tissue in hepatitis B virus-infected patients independent of the use of antiretrovirals.
Nitrogen factor of common carp Cyprinus carpio fillets with and without skin
Authors: Honzlova Alena , Curdova Helena , Schebestova Lenka , Bartak Pavel , Stara Alzbeta , Priborsky Josef , Koubova Anna , Svobodova Zdenka , Velisek Josef 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsumer protection against food adulteration and misleading labelling is integrated into EU legislation, but accurate analysis of the meat content of farmed freshwater fish products is not possible because of the lack of established nitrogen factors for farmed common carp. The aim of this study was to determine nitrogen factors for farmed common carp Cyprinus carpio. Seven-hundred samples collected in 2018–2019 in three harvest seasons (March/April, Jun/July, and October/November) at seven locations in the Czech Republic were analysed for nitrogen, dry matter, protein, ash, and fat content according to standard ISO methods. The recommended nitrogen factor for fat-free common carp fillet with skin is 3.04 ± 0.13 and, for fillet without skin, 2.95 ± 0.12. Availability of nitrogen factors for common carp can help ensure that consumers are purchasing correctly labelled products.
Inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 potentiates anticancer activity of gemcitabine in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Isono Makoto , Okubo Kazuki , Asano Takako , Sato Akinori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCheckpoint kinases (CHKs) are involved in the DNA damage response in many cancer cells. CHK inhibitors have been used in clinical trials in combination with chemotherapeutics; however, their effect against bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of combining gemcitabine with MK-8776, a novel CHK1 inhibitor, in four bladder cancer cell lines. The effects of gemcitabine and MK-8776 on cell viability, clonogenicity, cell cycle, and apoptosis were examined alongside in vivo efficacy using murine xenograft tumor models. Combined treatment inhibited the viability and colony formation of bladder cancer cells compared to either single treatment. Although gemcitabine (10 nM) alone increased the cell number in S-phase, it increased the cell number in sub-G1 phase when combined with MK-8776 (0.5 µM). Combined treatment enhanced cleaved poly[ADP-ribose]-polymerase expression alongside the number of annexin-V-positive cells, indicating the induction of apoptosis. In vivo, administration of gemcitabine and MK-8776 was well tolerated and suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, the combined treatment elevated γH2A.X and suppressed Rad51 expression. Our study demonstrates that MK-8776 and gemcitabine combined induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in bladder cancer cells by inhibiting CHKs and DNA repair. Therefore, CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine may be a potential treatment for bladder cancer.
Engineered MATE multidrug transporters reveal two functionally distinct ion-coupling pathways in NorM from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Raturi Sagar , Nair Asha V. , Shinoda Keiko , Singh Himansha , Bai Boyan , Murakami Satoshi , Fujitani Hideaki , van Veen Hendrik W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transport proteins confer multidrug resistance on pathogenic microorganisms and affect pharmacokinetics in mammals. Our understanding of how MATE transporters work, has mostly relied on protein structures and MD simulations. However, the energetics of drug transport has not been studied in detail. Many MATE transporters utilise the electrochemical H+ or Na+ gradient to drive substrate efflux, but NorM-VC from Vibrio cholerae can utilise both forms of metabolic energy. To dissect the localisation and organisation of H+ and Na+ translocation pathways in NorM-VC we engineered chimaeric proteins in which the N-lobe of H+-coupled NorM-PS from Pseudomonas stutzeri is fused to the C-lobe of NorM-VC, and vice versa. Our findings in drug binding and transport experiments with chimaeric, mutant and wildtype transporters highlight the versatile nature of energy coupling in NorM-VC, which enables adaptation to fluctuating salinity levels in the natural habitat of V. cholerae.
The stop-start control of seismicity by fault bends along the Main Himalayan Thrust
Authors: Sathiakumar Sharadha , Barbot Sylvain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Himalayan megathrust accommodates most of the relative convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates, producing cycles of blind and surface-breaking ruptures. Elucidating the mechanics of down-dip segmentation of the seismogenic zone is key to better determine seismic hazards in the region. However, the geometry of the Himalayan megathrust and its impact on seismicity remains controversial. Here, we develop seismic cycle simulations tuned to the seismo-geodetic data of the 2015Mw7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake to better constrain the megathrust geometry and its role on the demarcation of partial ruptures. We show that a ramp in the middle of the seismogenic zone is required to explain the termination of the coseismic rupture and the source mechanism of up-dip aftershocks consistently. Alternative models with a wide décollement can only explain the mainshock. Fault structural complexities likely play an important role in modulating the seismic cycle, in particular, the distribution of rupture sizes. Fault bends are capable of both obstructing rupture propagation as well as behave as a source of seismicity and rupture initiation.
Effectiveness and Utility of Visual Scene Displays as Communication Supports for Adults and Children With Complex Communication Needs: Perspectives of Clinicians and Researchers
Authors: Thistle Jennifer , Thiessen Amber 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The aims of this research study were to describe the perspectives of clinicians and researchers regarding the effectiveness of visual scene displays (VSDs) as communication supports in order to inform the translation of research to clinical practice.

Method
An online survey was completed by 298 clinicians and nine VSD researchers. Participants rated the effectiveness of VSDs in supporting a variety of communication functions and their strength of agreement regarding statements of VSD utility.

Results
Regardless of population served, clinicians and researchers rated VSDs as effective at supporting a range of communication functions. Participants also tended to agree with statements of VSD utility.

Conclusions
The current study highlights the perceptions of clinicians and researchers regarding the uses and benefits of VSDs for adults and children with complex communication needs and provides an initial measure of the current translation of research to clinical practice. Results indicate that VSDs can be used to support a variety of communication functions and utilities; however, further work is necessary to explore additional communication functions and delineate similarities and differences of VSD uses for differing populations.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14551344
Battery‐supported unified power quality controller for small hydro‐based isolated power generation
Authors: Tiwari Sachin , Kewat Seema , Singh Bhim , Sanjenbam Chandrakala Devi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a battery‐supported unified power quality controller (UPQC) for a small hydro‐based isolated power generation is investigated as a voltage and frequency controller. The self‐excited squirrel cage induction generator driven by constant power prime mover (small hydro turbine) has unacceptable voltage, frequency and power quality under non‐linear loads. The battery‐supported UPQC‐based voltage controlled‐voltage source converter is designed, modelled and simulated in MATLAB environment. Here UPQC has series and shunt converters with a battery and it is used to feed the local loads. This small distributed power generation system is capable to feed unbalanced non‐linear loads because a shunt converter is used to take care the compensation of unbalanced loads and it always maintains the source currents balanced and sinusoidal. Moreover, a series converter is used to inject the series voltages in the self‐excited squirrel cage induction generator terminals to regulate the common coupling point voltage during unbalanced non‐linear loads. Performance of a battery‐supported UPQC is also validated experimentally using a laboratory prototype of a 3.7 kW, 230 V, 50 Hz capacitor excited induction generator.
REXPACO: An algorithm for high contrast reconstruction of the circumstellar environment by angular differential imaging
Authors: Flasseur Olivier , Thé Samuel , Denis Loïc , Thiébaut Éric , Langlois Maud 
Published: May 2021

Context.Direct imaging is a method of choice for probing the close environment of young stars. Even with the coupling of adaptive optics and coronagraphy, the direct detection of off-axis sources such as circumstellar disks and exoplanets remains challenging due to the required high contrast and small angular resolution. Angular differential imaging (ADI) is an observational technique that introduces an angular diversity to help disentangle the signal of off-axis sources from the residual signal of the star in a post-processing step.Aims.While various detection algorithms have been proposed in the last decade to process ADI sequences and reach high contrast for the detection of point-like sources, very few methods are available to reconstruct meaningful images of extended features such as circumstellar disks. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new post-processing algorithm dedicated to the reconstruction of the spatial distribution of light (total intensity) received from off-axis sources, in particular from circumstellar disks.Methods.Built on the recentPACOalgorithm dedicated to the detection of point-like sources, the proposed method is based on the local learning of patch covariances capturing the spatial fluctuations of the stellar leakages. From this statistical modeling, we develop a regularized image reconstruction algorithm (REXPACO) following an inverse problems approach based on a forward image formation model of the off-axis sources in the ADI sequences.Results.Injections of fake circumstellar disks in ADI sequences from the VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS instrument show that both the morphology and the photometry of the disks are better preserved byREXPACOcompared to standard post-processing methods such as cADI. In particular, the modeling of the spatial covariances proves useful in reducing typical ADI artifacts and in better disentangling the signal of these sources from the residual stellar contamination. The application to stars hosting circumstellar disks with various morphologies confirms the ability ofREXPACOto produce images of the light distribution with reduced artifacts. Finally, we show howREXPACOcan be combined withPACOto disentangle the signal of circumstellar disks from the signal of candidate point-like sources.Conclusions.REXPACOis a novel post-processing algorithm for reconstructing images of the circumstellar environment from high contrast ADI sequences. It produces numerically deblurred images and exploits the spatial covariances of the stellar leakages and of the noise to efficiently eliminate this nuisance term. The processing is fully unsupervised, all tuning parameters being directly estimated from the data themselves.
Operative Knorpeltherapie aktuell
Authors: Hinz Maximilian , Imhoff Andreas B. , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungFokale Knorpelschäden gehen mit Schwellung, Funktionsverlust der betroffenen Gelenke und starker Schmerzsymptomatik einher. Zudem werden sie mit der Entstehung einer späteren Arthrose in Verbindung gebracht. Oftmals betroffen sind hierbei junge, sportlich aktive Patienten, die einen hohen funktionellen Anspruch haben. Die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten des Orthopäden in Bezug auf knorpelregenerative Therapiemöglichkeiten an Knie, Hüfte, Schulter, Ellenbogen und Sprunggelenk sind mannigfaltig.
Metastatische pulmonale Kalzifikation – eine selten diagnostizierte Entität in der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen
Authors: Groß T. , Woziwodski A. , Simka S. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungEine 70-jährige Patientin, die vor ca. 20 Jahren aufgrund einer Anti-Neutrophile cytoplasmatische Antikörper (ANCA)-positiven, rapid-progressiven Glomerulonephritis eine Nierentransplantation erhielt, wurde uns zur Abklärung einer fibrosierenden interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung mit Computertomografie (CT)-radiologischen Veränderungen im Sinne (i. S.) einer akuten Alveolitis zugewiesen. Sie beklagte eine bereits seit Längerem bestehende Belastungsdyspnoe. Lungenfunktionell zeigte sich eine leichte Restriktion (FVC 78 % d. Soll), ausgeprägt eine schwere Diffusionsstörung (DLCO 41 % d. Soll). Sowohl anamnestisch als auch serologisch ergab sich kein Hinweis auf eine exogen-allergische Alveolitis. In den bronchoskopisch gewonnenen Proben wurden initial Veränderungen i. S. einer nichtspezifischen interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung vom fibrotischen Typ, z. B. zu einer Reaktion im Rahmen der immunsuppressiven Therapie passend, gefunden. Mikrobiologisch wurde in der bronchoalveolären Lavage (BAL)-Flüssigkeit Herpes-simplex-Virus mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) nachgewiesen. Unter der Arbeitsdiagnose einer Herpes-Pneumonitis wurde eine antivirale Therapie durchgeführt. Die immunsuppressive Therapie wurde fortgesetzt. In einer Kontrolle konnte der Herpesvirus nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden. Nach initialer subjektiver Verbesserung der Luftnot und wiederholter Kontroll-CT-Bildgebung stellten sich die initialen radiologischen Veränderung nach ca. einem Jahr als unverändert dar und die Belastungsluftnot als persistierend. In der neuerlichen transbronchialen Lungenbiopsie konnte eine metastatische pulmonale Kalzifikation nachgewiesen werden. Eine Aktivität der Erkrankung konnte erfreulicherweise ausgeschlossen werden.
Fazit In der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen muss v. a. bei Patient*innen mit vulnerablem Kalzium-Phosphat-Haushalt und Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht, wie es z. B. im Rahmen chronischer Nierenerkrankungen auftritt, auch an die Möglichkeit einer metastatischen pulmonalen Kalzifikation (MPC) gedacht werden, v. a. wenn das radiologische Bild persistierende, oberlappenbetonte Milchglasveränderungen aufzeigt. Die Diagnosestellung erfordert hierbei eine multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Pneumologen, Radiologen und Pathologen.
The Efficacy of Adjuvant Chloroquine for Glioblastoma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Wei Hong , Jiang Zhenfu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of adjuvant chloroquine for glioblastoma remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of adjuvant chloroquine on treatment efficacy for recurrent glioblastoma.
Methods We search PubMed, Embase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through January 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of adjuvant chloroquine for glioblastoma. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.
Results Three RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for glioblastoma, adjuvant chloroquine is associated with significantly reduced mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–0.72; p < 0.00001), improved remission (RR = 11.53; 95% CI = 1.53–86.57; p = 0.02), and prolonged survival time (Std.MD = 11.53; 95% CI = 1.53–86.57; p = 0.02), but has no substantial effect on recurrence (RR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.12–1.49; p = 0.18).
Conclusion Adjuvant chloroquine may provide additional benefits for the treatment of glioblastoma.