bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant delivery via thin catheters: Methods, limitations, and outcomes
Authors: Devi Usha , Pandita Aakash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVarious less invasive surfactant administration strategies like surfactant replacement therapy via thin catheters, laryngeal mask airway, pharyngeal instillation, and nebulized surfactant are increasingly being practiced to avoid the harmful effects of endotracheal intubation and ventilation. Numerous studies have been done to study surfactant replacement via thin catheters whereas little data is available for other methods. However, there are variations in premedication policies, type of respiratory support used in these studies. Surfactant delivery using thin catheters has been reported to be associated with decrease in the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), duration of MV, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neonatal mortality. With the current evidence, among all the available surfactant delivery methods, the one using thin catheters appears to be the most feasible and beneficial to improve clinical neonatal outcomes.
Comparison of septic and nonseptic pulmonary embolism in children
Authors: Gatt Dvir , Ben‐Shimol Shalom , Hazan Guy , Golan Tripto Inbal , Goldbart Aviv , Aviram Micha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeptic pulmonary embolism (SPE) in children is a rare disease. Data are scarce regarding the clinical and laboratory manifestation of SPE compared with nonseptic pulmonary embolism (ns‐PE). Furthermore, specific guidelines for the management of SPE in children are lacking.AimWe compared the clinical course and outcome of children with SPE and ns‐PE.MethodsA retrospective, cohort study of hospitalized children, 2005–2020, with documented pulmonary embolism imaging.ResultsSixteen children (eight SPE, eight ns‐PE) were identified. Episodes of SPE occurred secondary to endocarditis, musculoskeletal and soft tissue infections, with Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4) and streptococcus spp. (n = 2) as the most common pathogens. Radiographically, SPE presented as a microvascular disease with parenchymatic nodules/cavitations, whereas ns‐PE presented as larger vessel disease with filling defects. Risk factors (including thrombophilia) were noted in 0% and 87.5% of SPE and ns‐PE patients, respectively (p < .01). Pulmonary embolism diagnosis was delayed in SPE compared with ns‐PE (median: 8.5 days vs. 1 day).The SPE group had higher rates of fever (100% vs. 12.5%, p < .01), C‐reactive protein (CRP levels; 18.49 vs. 4.37 mg/dl, p = .02), and fibrinogen levels (880 vs. 467 mg/dl, p < .001). Antithrombotic treatment for >4 months was administrated to 14.3% and 87.5% of SPE and ns‐PE patients, respectively (p < .01). One ns‐PE patient had a second thromboembolic event compared to none in the SPE group.ConclusionsSPE in children is a unique subgroup of PE with different clinical and laboratory findings that requires a different diagnostic approach and probably shorter duration of antithrombotic treatment.
Cardiorespiratory effects of NIV‐NAVA, NIPPV, and NCPAP shortly after extubation in extremely preterm infants: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Latremouille Samantha , Bhuller Monica , Shalish Wissam , Sant'Anna Guilherme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the cardiorespiratory effects of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV‐NAVA), nonsynchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) shortly after extubation.HypothesisTypes of noninvasive pressure support and the presence of synchronization may affect cardiorespiratory parameters.Study DesignRandomized crossover trial.Patient–Subject SelectionInfants with birth weight (BW) 1250 g or under, undergoing their first planned extubation were randomly assigned to all three modes using a computer‐generated sequence.MethodologyElectrocardiogram and electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) were recorded for 30 min on each mode. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), diaphragmatic activity (Edi area, breath area, amplitude, inspiratory and expiratory times), and respiratory variability were compared between modes.ResultsTwenty‐three infants had full data recordings and analysis: Median (IQR) gestational age = 25.9 weeks (25.2–26.4), BW = 760 g (595–900), and postnatal age 7 (4–19) days. There were no differences in HRV between modes. A significantly reduced Edi area and breath amplitude, and increased coefficient of variation (CV) of breath amplitude were observed during NIV‐NAVA and NIPPV compared to NCPAP. A higher proportion of assisted breaths (99% vs. 51%; p < .001) provided a higher mean airway pressure (MAP; 9.4 vs. 8.2 cmH2O; p = .002) with lower peak inflation pressures (PIPs; 14 vs. 16 cmH2O; p < .001) during NIV‐NAVA compared to NIPPV.ConclusionsNIV‐NAVA and NIPPV applied shortly after extubation were associated with lower respiratory efforts and higher respiratory variability. These effects were more evident for NIV‐NAVA where optimal patient–ventilator synchronization provided a higher MAP with lower PIPs.
Government support of banks and market discipline: International evidence
Authors: Lin Kun‐Li , Wu Tsaur‐Chin , Li Kuo‐Pin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of government support on market discipline in an international sample of banks rated by Moody's or Fitch. We also evaluate how a financial crisis and size shape the effect of government support on market discipline. We control for unobservable, country, and time‐specific effects with a panel dataset of banks from 77 countries. Through this comprehensive dataset, we find that government support significantly reduces the market discipline of banks, and this effect is most reflected by an expected increase in charter value. However, market discipline is more pronounced after the 2008 financial crisis and for smaller than bigger banks. These results have important implications for banking regulation and supervision, particularly during a crisis period.
Platinum Nanoparticles Decorated IrO2@MWCNT as an Improved Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cheng Yaping , Yang Fan , Gong Jiafang , Wu Bohua , Zhang Zhao , Chu Jia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, IrO2 nanoparticles supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and calcination process at different temperature. Platinum nanoparticles decorated IrO2@MWCNT‐400 °C are prepared by chemical reduction method. The influence of MWCNTs and Pt on physicochemical properties and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of IrO2@MWCNT composites were studied via transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and electrochemical methods. Among the samples, Pt/IrO2@MWCNT‐400 °C exhibits better catalytic activity with an overpotential of 270 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 85.1 mV dec−1. The outstanding OER performance of Pt/IrO2@MWCNT‐400 °C is ascribed to the introduction of the MWCNTs, which can not only act as a support to prevent agglomeration of IrO2 nanoparticles that produces high surface area of catalytic sites, but also facilitates electron transfer between IrO2 nanoparticles and MWCNTs. On the other hand, the Pt optimizes electronic structure for excellent electrocatalytic performance. Therefore, the Pt/IrO2@MWCNT‐400 °C catalyst is a good choice for application in OER.
Insights into the BPO4‐Driven Catalytic Mechanism for the Formation of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides
Authors: Gonzalez‐Vargas Anderson , Castro‐Gómez Fernando , Castro Pedro J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe growing concern about climate change has aroused great interest in the scientific community to carry out a large number of investigations pointing to find new strategies of using the carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce useful and harmless molecules. A computational study on the catalytic fixation of CO2 to epoxides with the aim of obtaining cyclic carbonates is presented in this article. The boron phosphate (BPO4) and some halides have been used as the catalyst and co‐catalysts, respectively. The reaction mechanisms have been rationalized based on density functional theory (DFT) energies and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) to simulate the effect of different solvents. This study provides a deeper understanding on the BPO4 catalyst and its role on conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates by exploring the topography of the potential energy surfaces and analyzing the geometrical and electronic structures of the relevant stationary points along different reaction pathways. In addition, a solvent effect comparison was made between n‐hexanol, Et2O and 2‐butanol.
Assessment of Dihydro[1,3]oxazine‐Fused Isoflavone and 4‐Thionoisoflavone Hybrids as Antibacterials
Authors: Lathwal Ankit , Ali Asghar , Uddin Amad , Khan Nashra Shareef , Sheehan Gerard , Kavanagh Kevin , Haq Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul , Abid Mohammad , Nath Mahendra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of isoflavone functionalized 3,4‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazine hybrids was synthesized in good to excellent yields through a Mannich‐type condensation cyclization reaction of 6‐chloro‐7‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐chromen‐4‐one or 6‐chloro‐7‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐chromene‐4‐thione with formaldehyde and primary amines. After spectroscopic characterization, these newly prepared hybrids were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against two of each Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. Among the screened compounds, dihydro[1,3]oxazine‐fused 4‐thionoisoflavones(9 band9 c) exhibited potent inhibitory activity against all the tested bacterial species. Moreover, compound 9 b possessed most promising antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and B. subtiliswith MIC 16 μg/mL and S. aureusand E. coliwith MIC 32 μg/mL. Further, 9 bdemonstrated better efficacy (MIC=16 μg/mL) than the standard drug ampicillin (MIC=32 μg/mL) against P. aeruginosaand it also found to be equipotent (MIC=16 μg/mL) as ampicillin against B. subtilis. Considering the disk diffusion and synergistic studies, 9 bemerged asmost active compound showing potent activity against all the tested bacterial strains. In addition, no significant hemolysis or cytotoxicity was observed towards human embryonic kidney (HEK293)cells as well as Galleria mellonellalarvae (in vivo). Hence, compound 9 bhas potential to be further explored alone and in combination with ampicillin as a next generation antibacterial agent.
Advances in Integrating Carbon Dots With Membranes and Their Applications
Authors: Yan Fanyong , Xu Ming , Xu Jinxia , Zang Yueyan , Sun Jingru , Yi Chunhui , Wang Yao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) attract interests from researchers in the field of membranes owing to their ultra‐small size, non‐toxic, highly hydrophilic, abundant surface functional groups, stable photoluminescence, fast proton conductivity and excellent light capture capability. The integration of membranes with CDs (CDs@membranes) can enhance the overall performance of membranes significantly and CDs@membranes relies on three approaches: doping, grafting and layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly. This paper reviews the research progress of CDs@membranes in the past five years, introduces the mechanism of CDs to improve membrane performance and the methods for preparing CDs@membranes, categorizes them into water treatment, sensing, electrochemistry, light processing and other fields for review, and finally discusses the current challenges and outlook the future direction.
Nature and Strength of the π‐Hole Chalcogen Bonded Complexes between Substituted Pyridines and SO3 Molecule
Authors: Bhattarai Sumitra , Sutradhar Dipankar , Huyskens Therese Zeegers‐ , Chandra Asit K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA theoretical study has been carried out on the π‐hole based chalcogen bonding interaction between SO3 and various pyridines (XC5H4N), at the MP2=full/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level, to obtain a better insight into the nature and strength of N…S bond. Our calculations predict two different types of chalcogen bonded complexes: (1) Type‐A complex is formed via lone pair‐ π‐hole (N…S) interaction, and (2) Type‐B complex is stabilized through π‐hole‐π‐electron interaction. The binding energy of the Type‐A complexes varies between −109.78 and ‐81.56 kJ/mol whereas it ranges between −28.93 and −17.82 kJ/mol for Type‐B complexes. The nature of the N…S bond and the changes in its properties on the influence of electron donating and electron withdrawing substituents have been discussed with the help of various computational tools like AIM, NCI, SAPT and NBO analysis. The binding energy of the Type‐A complexes are found to correlate with the basicity parameters such as PA and Vs,min of the substituted pyridines. The binding energies of the pyridine complexes with SF2, SO2, CS2 and OCS are also computed for finding the effect of variation of Vs,max value of the S‐atom on the binding energy. The 2nd order hyperconjugation interaction energy between LP(N) and σ*(S−O)/LP*(S) is well correlated to the binding energy as: −ΔE=0.11E(2) −20.08. The variation in the bond distances and their corresponding vibrational frequencies of both the interacting partners (XC5H4N and SO3) are discussed in detail.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3‐(Aryl azo)‐4‐hydroxy‐1,2‐naphthoquinone Ruthenium(III) Complexes as Catalysts for Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Almalki Abdulraheem SA 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe syntheses and characterization of 3‐(p‐substituted phenyl azo)‐4‐hydroxy‐l,2‐naphthoquinones ligands (L1‐3) and their Ru(III) complexes (Ru1‐3) are carried out. The characterization was ascertained by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, spectroscopic analyses (FT‐IR, 1H NMR, UV‐vis and Mass), magnetic, molar conductance, molecular calculations and electrochemical techniques. The green catalytic conversion of some benzyl alcohols to benzoic acid derivatives was successfully achieved by using these complexes in an aqueous KOH with K2S2O8 as co‐oxidant; with high yields by using Ru3 complex. Computational modeling was carried out to predict the structural geometry, magnetic characters and the electron donor/acceptor functions of the prepared complexes along with experimental results. The mechanism of benzyl alcohol oxidation was developed through an orange ruthenate‐persulfate reagent. The oxidation capacities of the ruthenium complexes were better than the other catalysts reported. The present results are useful to oxidize benzyl alcohols at an industrial scale with a good economy.
In‐Situ Growth Mirror‐Like Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets on ITO for High Efficiency Counter Electrode of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells**
Authors: Sun Xun , Xie Fengyan , Peng Zhen , Peng Xiantao , Chen Wangchao , Shi Chengwu , Chen Caiyun , Li Yafeng , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, mirror‐like Co9S8 nanosheets in‐situ grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method and used as a novel Pt‐free counter electrode (CE) for dye‐sensitized solar cells. Based on mirror effect of the Co9S8 CE, incident light has been efficiently utilization. As a result, the cell using Co9S8 nanosheets CE achieved a power conversion efficiency of 9.01 %, which is higher than that of Pt CE. This could be contributed to the fact that mirror‐like Co9S8 nanosheets exhibited an excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of I3−/I−.
High‐Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Specific 3D Nano BCZT@Ag Hetero‐Structure Design for the Application of Self‐Powered Wireless Sensor System
Authors: Lu Haowei , Shi Huijie , Chen Gaoru , Wu Yonghui , Zhang Jiawei , Yang Liya , Zhang Yaju , Zheng Haiwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the popularity of portable and miniaturized electronic devices in people's live, flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) have become a research hotspot for harvesting energy from the living environment to power small‐scale electronic equipment and systems because of its stability. For further enhancing output performance of PENG, chemical modification and structural design for piezoelectric fillers are effective ways. Thus, the 3D porous hetero‐structure fillers of BCZT@Ag are prepared by freeze‐drying method and subsequent chemical seeding reduction. The silicone rubber as matrix is filled into the micro‐voids of fillers to prepare specialized composite. The charge transport mechanism and stress transfer efficiency in PENG can be effectively improved through specialized design which is proven by experimental results and multi‐physics simulations. The improved PENG exhibit a significantly enhanced output of 38.6 V and 5.85 µA, which is 3.3 and 3.5 times higher than those of PENG without specific design. The prepared PENG can effectively harvest biomechanical energy through walk and joint bending of human body. Moreover, the PENG can be used as a trigger to remotely control wireless collision alarm system, which can acquire rapid response and shows great potential application in Internet of Things.
Experimental investigation on hysteric loading characteristics of fly ash as fractional substitute of cement in reinforced concrete beam‐column connection at curing of 90 days
Authors: Shaw Sayan Kumar , Ghosh Satyaki , Dey Abhijeet , Sil Arjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFly ash becomes a fine gray particles consisting generally of globular, smooth particles available in coal‐fired power stations. In this work, the seismic performance of beam‐column connection (BCC) has been examined by applying fly ash as a surrogate of cement. Five different samples of BCC's, with or without admixtures were casted as well as examined in order to obtain the hysteric loading characteristics for a curing period of 90 days. The tested samples designed for M25 grade of concrete having water–binder ratio maintaining as 0.4. From the study, it has been found that BCC sample having 20% fly ash along with super plasticizer subjected to 90 days curing (i.e., BCC sample of 20FAS90) exhibits a better performance as compared to the other tested samples. The BCC sample of 20FAS90 showed higher displacement as compared to controlled concrete without fly ash and super plasticizer at 90 days (Control90). Also, from the experimental work, it has been found that 20FAS90 sample possesses 18% higher ductility as well as 70% higher energy dissipation than the Control90 sample. Additionally, regarding brittleness index (BI) of 20FAS90 sample exhibits 25% lower as compared to Control90 sample. Furthermore, the stiffness degradation of the sample becomes slightly higher than the controlled concrete. Therefore, the paper essentially highlights the importance of fly ash and super plasticizer on the dynamic performance of the BCC samples at 90 days curing period such that an advanced mix design criterion could be put forward for optimum replacement of cement leading to higher safety aspects.
Analysis of Enhancer–Promoter Interactions using CAGE and RADICL-Seq Technologies
Authors: Bonetti Alessandro , Kwon Andrew Tae-Jun , Arner Erik , Carninci Piero 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRegulation of gene expression is a key feature for higher eukaryotes and how chromatin topology relates to gene activation is an intense area of research. Enhancer–promoter interactions are believed to mediate activation of target genes. Bidirectional transcription represents one hallmark of active enhancers that can be measured using transcriptome technologies such as Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE). Recently, we have developed RNA and DNA interacting complexes ligated and sequenced (RADICL-Seq) a novel methodology to map genome-wide RNA–chromatin interactions in intact nuclei. Here, we describe how CAGE and RADICL-Seq data can be used to characterize enhancer elements and identify their target genes.
Low Quantity Single Strand CAGE (LQ-ssCAGE) Maps Regulatory Enhancers and Promoters
Authors: Takahashi Hazuki , Nishiyori-Sueki Hiromi , Ramilowski Jordan A. , Itoh Masayoshi , Carninci Piero 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) is a powerful method to identify Transcription Start Sites (TSSs) of capped RNAs while simultaneously measuring transcripts expression level. CAGE allows mapping at single nucleotide resolution at all active promoters and enhancers. Large CAGE datasets have been produced over the years from individual laboratories and consortia, including the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome (FANTOM) consortia. These datasets constitute open resource for TSS annotations and gene expression analysis. Here, we provide an experimental protocol for the most recent CAGE method called Low Quantity (LQ) single strand (ss) CAGE “LQ-ssCAGE”, which enables cost-effective profiling of low quantity RNA samples. LQ-ssCAGE is especially useful for samples derived from cells cultured in small volumes, cellular compartments such as nuclear RNAs or for samples from developmental stages. We demonstrate the reproducibility and effectiveness of the method by constructing 240 LQ-ssCAGE libraries from 50 ng of THP-1 cell extracted RNAs and discover lowly expressed novel enhancer and promoter-derived lncRNAs.
Some Aspects of Positive Kernel Method of Quantization
Authors: Odzijewicz Anatol , Horowski Maciej 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe discuss various aspects of the positive kernel method of quantization of the one-parameter groups $$\tau _t \in \text{ Aut }(P,\vartheta )$$

τ
t

∈

Aut

(
P
,
ϑ
)

of automorphisms of a G-principal bundle $$P(G,\pi ,M)$$

P
(
G
,
π
,
M
)

with a fixed connection form $$\vartheta $$
ϑ
on its total space P. We show that the generator $${\hat{F}}$$

F
^

of the unitary flow $$U_t = e^{it {\hat{F}}}$$

U
t

=

e

i
t

F
^

being the quantization of $$\tau _t $$

τ
t

is realized by a generalized Kirillov–Kostant–Souriau operator whose domain consists of sections of some vector bundle over M, which are defined by a suitable positive kernel. This method of quantization applied to the case when $$G=\hbox {GL}(N,{\mathbb {C}})$$

G
=
GL
(
N
,
C
)

and M is a non-compact Riemann surface leads to quantization of the arbitrary holomorphic flow $$\tau _t^{\mathrm{hol}} \in \text{ Aut }(P,\vartheta )$$

τ
t
hol

∈

Aut

(
P
,
ϑ
)

. For the above case, we present the integral decompositions of the positive kernels on $$P\times P$$

P
×
P

invariant with respect to the flows $$\tau _t^{\mathrm{hol}}$$

τ
t
hol

in terms of the spectral measure of $${\hat{F}}$$

F
^

. These decompositions generalize the ones given by Bochner’s Theorem for the positive kernels on $${\mathbb {C}} \times {\mathbb {C}}$$

C
×
C

invariant with respect to the one-parameter groups of translations of complex plane.