bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinoptilolite as a natural, active zeolite catalyst for the chemical transformations of geraniol
Authors: Fajdek-Bieda Anna , Wróblewska Agnieszka , Miądlicki Piotr , Tołpa Jadwiga , Michalkiewicz Beata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work presented the studies with the natural zeolite—clinoptilolite as the catalyst for the isomerization of geraniol. During the research, it turned out that the studied process is much more complicated, and not only isomerization takes place in it, but also dehydration, oxidation, dimerization, cyclization and fragmentation of the carbon chain. Geraniol is an organic raw material which can be obtained not only by a chemical synthesis but also from plants (renewable biomass) by distillation or extraction method, for example a source of geraniol can be a plant—geranium. Before catalytic tests clinoptilolite was characterized by the instrumental methods, such as: XRD, porosity studies—nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, SEM, EDXRF, and FT-IR. Gas chromatography analyses showed that the main products of geraniol isomerization process were 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol. The selectivity of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol depended on the temperature, catalyst content and reaction time. These parameters were changed in the following ranges: 80–150 °C (temperature), 5–15 wt% (catalyst content) and 15–1440 min. (reaction time). The most favorable conditions for 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol obtaining were: temperature 140 ºC, catalyst content 12.5 wt% and reaction time 180 min. At these conditions, the conversion of geraniol amounted to 98 mol%, and the selectivities of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol amounted to 14 and 47 mol%, respectively.
Beliefs on Sexual Violence in the Context of System Justification Theory: The Role of Hostile Sexism and Beliefs in Biological Origins of Gender Differences
Authors: Łyś Agnieszka E. , Studzińska Anna , Bargiel-Matusiewicz Kamilla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstimates suggest that around 20% of women may have experienced rape. Various misconceptions about rape (i.e., rape myths) are closely related to victim blaming. In our studies we tested the link between system justification, beliefs in biological origins of gender differences, ambivalent sexism and beliefs concerning sexual violence. Study 1 was conducted among 433 Polish students. The sequential mediation analysis suggests that system justification predicts the level of rape myth acceptance through beliefs in biological origins of gender differences and then hostile (but not benevolent) sexism. In Study 2, conducted among 197 Polish students, we tested the relationship between beliefs in biological origins of gender differences and beliefs concerning sexual violence using experimental design. Contrary to our expectations, students who read the text about social origins of gender differences perceived the survivor of a hypothetical acquaintance rape as less credible, and proposed a lower sentence for a stranger rape perpetrator, compared to participants who read about biological origins of gender differences. We suspect that this is due to experiencing reactance when confronted with social explanations of gender differences. We discuss implications for research and policy.
Silver-Derived Antimicrobial Coatings for the Prevention of Microbial Biofilms in Metal Pipes
Authors: Vela-Cano M. , Garcia-Fontana C. , Osorio F. , González-Martinez A. , González-López J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiodeterioration is one of the most important processes in metal pipeline corrosion, and it can be due to physical, chemical, and biological factors. Coatings rich in silver have been used to inhibit this undesirable phenomenon. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of several silver-containing products used as a coating in pipelines were determined on a pilot scale in order to evaluate the ability of silver to inhibit biofilm formation. The results showed that the coating with silver zeolite at a concentration of 2000 mg L–1 inhibited the formation of a microbial biofilm and prevented the biodeterioration process. Therefore, from our study, it can be concluded that silver zeolite shows greater protection capacity than other silver preparations and presents advantages in relation to other silver coatings that are currently available
Development and Characterization of Phosphate-Based Glass Coatings via Suspension High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (SHVOF) Thermal Spray Process
Authors: Bano S. , Rincon Romero A. , Islam Md Towhidul , Grant D. M. , Ahmed I. , Hussain T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhosphate-based glasses (PBGs) are promising materials for biomedical applications due to their biocompatible and fully resorbable characteristics in aqueous environments. These glasses can be coated onto metal substrate via the technique of suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF) thermal spraying to produce nanostructured coatings with improved physical and mechanical properties. PBGs coatings were produced using SHVOF thermal spray process at 50 and 75 kW flame power. The 75 kW coating was rougher (Ra = 3.6 ± 0.1 µm) than the 50 kW coating (Ra = 2.7 ± 0.1 µm), whereas the 50 kW coating was much thicker (24.6 ± 2.3 µm) than the 75 kW coating (16.0 ± 3.4 µm). Due to the rougher surface, the 75 kW coating showed high degradation and ion release rates. Moreover, structural changes were observed by Raman analysis, and the initial glass formulation contained Q1 (phosphate tetrahedra with one-bridging oxygen) and Q2 (phosphate tetrahedra with two-bridging oxygen) species. However, the coatings showed a reduction of Q2 species and higher concentrations of Q1 and Q0 (phosphate tetrahedra with no-bridging oxygen) species, which led to lower degradation rates and reduced ion release profiles in the glass coating compared to the initial glass.
Sexuality of People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Proposal to use the Positive Sexuality Model
Authors: Parchomiuk Monika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine the trends in the field of analyzing positive aspects of sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). In relation to these findings, the possibilities of applying the model of positive sexuality were presented. A literature search covering studies published between 1980 and 2020 was conducted. 19 studies were included. Researchers focus on partnerships, mainly heterosexual ones, associated experiences, plans and ideas. The results show that people with ID are able to report on experiences accompanying relationships and their depiction is relatively rich. People who do not have such experiences expect them in the future, treating them as a very important aspect of life. Referring to the model of positive sexuality, the areas of research in the population of people with intellectual disability were specified, and the theoretical justification of the model, general methodological aspects and practical usefulness were provided.
Innovation and the theory of fields
Authors: Fligstein Neil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInnovation does not just involve the creation of new products, but also includes the need for new kinds of processes and organizations. Field theory can help us understand why some innovations are more piecemeal and others more revolutionary. It explicitly links innovation to the process of the emergence, adjustment, and transformation of markets (conceived of as fields). To illustrate this perspective, the case of the transition in the U.S. from a mortgage market dominated by savings and loan banks to the emergence of mortgage securitization dominated by the government sponsored enterprises and the largest private banks, is explicated. Field theory helps us understand the logic of this transition and the myriad players and innovations that helped produce a large part of what we consider to be modern finance. The case also shows the limits of economic theories of financial innovation and the sociology of finance. I end with a discussion of how field theory can inform subsequent research on innovation.
Derivation of water flooding characteristic curve for offshore low-amplitude structural reservoir with strong bottom water
Authors: Liu Ying-xian , Tan Jie , Cai Hui , Li Yan-lai , Liu Chun-yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe water flooding characteristic curve method is one of the essential techniques to predict recoverable reserves. However, the recoverable reserves indicated by the existing water flooding characteristic curves of low-amplitude reservoirs with strong bottom water increase gradually, and the current local recovery degree of some areas has exceeded the predicted recovery rate. The applicability of the existing water flooding characteristic curves in low-amplitude reservoirs with strong bottom water is lacking, which affects the accurate prediction of development performance. By analyzing the derivation process of the conventional water flooding characteristic curve method, this manuscript finds out the reasons for the poor applicability of the existing water flooding characteristic curve in low-amplitude reservoir with strong bottom water and corrects the existing water flooding characteristic curve according to the actual situation of the oilfield and obtains the improvement method of water flooding characteristic curve in low-amplitude reservoir with strong bottom water. After correction, the correlation coefficient between $$\frac{{k_{ro} }}{{k_{rw} }}$$

k

ro

k

rw

and $$S_{w}$$

S
w

is 95.92%. According to the comparison between the actual data and the calculated data, in 2021/3, the actual water cut is 97.29%, the water cut predicted by the formula is 97.27%, the actual cumulative oil production is 31.19 × 104t, and the predicted cumulative oil production is 31.31 × 104t. The predicted value is consistent with the actual value. It provides a more reliable method for predicting low-amplitude reservoirs' recoverable ability with strong bottom water and guides the oilfield's subsequent decision-making.
On the supercritical defocusing NLW outside a ball
Authors: D’Ancona Piero 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study a defocusing semilinear wave equation, with a power nonlinearity $$|u|^{p-1}u$$

|
u
|

p
-
1

u

, defined outside the unit ball of $$\mathbb {R}^{n}$$

R

n

, $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that if $$p>n+3$$

p
>
n
+
3

and the initial data are nonradial perturbations of large radial data, there exists a global smooth solution. The solution is unique among energy class solutions satisfying an energy inequality. The main tools used are the Penrose transform and a Strichartz estimate for the exterior linear wave equation perturbed with a large, time dependent potential.
Modeling of Asphalt Aging Based on Short-Term Aging Temperature and Time of Normal Asphalt Mixture for Quantifying Binder Aging
Authors: An Soonyong , Jo Youngjin , Park Taesoon , Kim Kwang W. , Kim Sungun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe binder in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is aged (oxidized) in a short-time period during haul-and-queue in the field. Since the oxidative aging of asphalt is a complex chemical process, it is difficult to define the asphalt aging as a function of limited variables. When comparing the same types of asphalt mixes, however, the mix temperature (T) and time (t) kept at the T will be the primary source of variation affecting aging levels of the binder in the mix. Since the binder aging level is not easy to estimate without measuring a physical property, this study concentrated on developing an aging quantity (AQ) model for estimating aging levels of the binder in the mix based on T and t. The loose asphalt mixes were artificially short-term aged at various Ts for different t; 130, 160, and 180 °C for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. The absolute viscosity (AV) values, which represent aging levels of the recovered binder after each short-term aging (SA) of normal dense-graded mix, were used for regression with AQ values computed by the AQ model. The best-fit AQ model was selected by trial-and-error regression iterations between measured AV and computed AQ. The AQ was then used to estimate AV (EAV) of the aged asphalts in various normal asphalt mixes. It was found that the AQ was useful for estimating AV of the binder in the SA-treated mix, and the EAV by AQ showed an excellent correlation with the measured AV with R2 > 0.99. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the AQ could be used to predict aging level of various short-term-aged normal asphalt mixes if the materials sources were limited.
Optimal preliminary design of variable section beams criterion
Authors: Cucuzza Raffaele , Rosso Marco Martino , Marano Giuseppe Carlo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present paper discusses about optimal shape solution for a non-prismatic planar beam. The proposed model is based on the standard Timoshenko kinematics hypothesis (i.e., planar cross-section remains planar in consequence of a deformation, but it is able to rotate with respect to the beam center-line). The analytical solution for this type of beam is thus used to obtain deformations and stresses of the beam, under different constraints, when load is assumed as the sum of a generic external variable vertical one and the self-weight. The solution is obtained by numerical integration of the beam equation and constraints are posed both on deflection and maximum stress under the hypothesis of an ideal material. The section variability is, thus, described assuming a rectangular cross section with constant base and variable height which can be described in general with a trigonometric series. Other types of empty functions could also be analyzed in order to find the best strategy to get the optimal solution. Optimization is thus performed by minimizing the beam volume considering the effects of non-prismatic geometry on the beam behavior. Finally, several analytical and numerical solutions are compared with results existing in literature, evaluating the solutions’ sensibility to some key parameters like beam span, material density, maximum allowable stress and load distribution. In conclusion, the study finds a critical threshold in terms of emptying function beyond which it is not possible to neglect the arch effect and the curvature of the actual axis for every different case study described in this work. In order to achieve this goal, the relevance of beam span, emptying function level and maximum allowable stress are investigated.
Labour Market Demands, Employability and Authenticity
Authors: Nikunen Minna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFinding employment has been a challenge for young adults in recent years. This is not only due to high unemployment rates, but also because entering working life is more complicated than before. It is no longer just a question of credentials and skills. ‘Employability’ depends on investments in personal capacities: labour market demands in recruitment exceed the capacity of employees’ bodies and minds. This article asks what demands for increasing one’s employability young adults (aged 18–30) experience in relation to their education and working life and how they respond to these ideas, especially to the idea of modifying their minds and bodies—habitus—in order to increase their employability. What demands are they complying with or resisting? How and why are they doing so? The article draws on interviews with 40 young Finnish women and men. The data analysis reveals that employability ideals emphasising affective and bodily capacities or dispositions are not shared by everyone. However, modifying one’s attitude or demeanour seems to be less threatening for young adults than does changing one’s appearance or body. Changes to one’s body are associated with rules and codes dictated from above, whereas changing one’s mindset is usually conceived of as self-development; thus, it is not seen as contrary to authenticity. Identification with a line of work is an important factor in accepting demands on one’s body or demeanour. It should be asked if the importance of authenticity for young adults entering working life should be taken into consideration in governmental youth and employment policies.
Team effectiveness model for science (TEMS): Using a mutual learning shared mindset to design, develop, and sustain science teams
Authors: Schwarz Roger M. , Bennett L. Michelle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the Team Effectiveness Model for Science (TEMS) and describe a multiphase set of interventions for forming a new team or developing an existing team. TEMS uses a shared mutual learning mindset as the model’s central and guiding element. It shows how team mindset leads to behavior and to results and how this affects the characteristics of effective team functioning. TEMS addresses two related questions: What are the variables that contribute to effective teams? and How do the variables need to be designed to make their relevant contributions? Team models often answer the first question without fully answering the second. By addressing three gaps, TEMS contributes to enhancing science team effectiveness. Gap 1 is the absence of explicit core values, assumptions, and norms that serve as the foundation for developing and maintaining science team effectiveness. Gap 2 is the absence of a process for integrating the science and relationship aspects of a science team. Gap 3 is the absence of team processes and structures that are derived from the team’s values, assumptions, and norms. Using TEMS to design new or intervene with existing teams focuses on shifting mindset, developing behavioral skills, and designing processes and structures congruent with the new mindset.
Disaster Risk Reduction in Iranian Primary and Secondary School Textbooks: A Content Analysis
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Yousefzadeh Sepideh , López López Mónica , Sajjadi Homeira , Vameghi Meroe , Rafiey Hassan , Khankeh Hamidreza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:School textbooks have a significant role in transferring knowledge to the students and changing their behavior. This work aims to analyze school textbooks to find the representation of natural hazards in Iran, which is vital for supporting children in disaster situations.Methods:In this study, a qualitative content analysis was used. Data were analyzed qualitatively by using MAXQDA 2018 software. For the 2019–2020 school year, 300 Iranian school textbooks in Persian language were collected.Results:Findings of this work show that students receive information about disaster risk reduction (DRR) education through the primary and secondary grade levels in all 12 grades. The educational content covers various types of natural hazards, including geophysical, hydrological, climatological, meteorological, and biological disasters. In addition, the textbooks contain discussions about local hazards, causes and effects of disasters, and the disaster management cycle.Conclusions:The coverage of DRR and the relevant contents in school textbooks reveals that the discourse of natural hazards is important for Iranian authorities, especially in the education system. This study helps decision-makers and practitioners design more effective interventions to prepare children for disasters.
Markovian random iterations of homeomorphisms of the circle
Authors: MATIAS EDGAR 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we prove a local exponential synchronization for Markovian random iterations of homeomorphisms of the circle
$S^{1}$
, providing a new result on stochastic circle dynamics even for
$C^1$
-diffeomorphisms. This result is obtained by combining an invariance principle for stationary random iterations of homeomorphisms of the circle with a Krylov–Bogolyubov-type result for homogeneous Markov chains.
Forced Migration, Oceanic Humanitarianism, and the Paradox of Danger and Saviour of a Vietnamese Refugee Boat Journey
Authors: Damousi Joy , Nelli Filippo , Nguyen Austen Anh , Toffoli Alessandro , Tomsic Mary 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ocean is a central site of escape, danger, and rescue for refugees. It is also a place where oceanic humanitarianism is enacted. In histories of refugee migration, the combination of the ocean, weather, and climate in determining the fate of refugees has not been adequately examined. This article provides a critical analysis of a Vietnamese refugee boat journey in 1982, to demonstrate the paradoxical nature of the ocean as both a site of danger and saviour. Conventional historical methodologies alone cannot capture the complex role of the ocean and the weather in determining boat refugee journeys and rescues. Interdisciplinary research between historians and ocean engineers provides new evidence and understanding of how the ocean and weather influences the outcomes of refugees seeking asylum by boat. Numerical model predictions of sea state and ship motion – which enables the vessel's journey in past environmental conditions to be understood – integrated within historical analysis contributes to a fuller and more complex understanding of the nexus between environmental conditions and forced migration journeys. Ocean engineering produces a scientific narrative that historians can use, alongside oral histories and other sources, to theorize the ocean as an active agent.
Exploring teachers’ professional development through participation in virtual exchange
Authors: O’Dowd Robert , Dooly Melinda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVirtual exchange (VE) is an umbrella term used to refer to the engagement of groups of students in sustained online intercultural interaction and collaboration with international partners under the guidance of their teachers. In the computer-assisted language learning literature, telecollaboration and eTandem approaches to VE have been researched extensively. However, this research has principally focused to date on learner gains and the impact on teachers has been much less explored. This paper identifies the impact of VE on foreign language teachers’ practices and their professional development by examining the results of a qualitative study of 31 teacher trainers who engaged their classes in VE projects as part of a large-scale European project. The findings of the study suggest that participation in VE projects provides teachers with valuable experience in continued professional development and methodological innovation. In particular, VE was seen to open up opportunities for teachers to develop new professional partnerships, collaborative academic initiatives, to develop their own online collaboration skills, and also to introduce more innovative approaches in their current teaching practice.