bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sintering as a key process in the textural evolution of chromitite seams in layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions
Authors: Hunt Emma J. , O'Driscoll Brian , Day James M.D. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Nearly monomineralic stratiform chromitite seams of variable thickness (millimeters to meters) occur in many of the world's layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions. These seams are often associated with economically significant quantities of platinum group metals, yet the petrogenesis of these societally important materials remains enigmatic. Here we evaluate processes associated with late-magmatic (postcumulus) textural maturation of chromitite seams from four layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions of different ages and sizes. From largest to smallest, these intrusions are the ∼2060 Ma Bushveld Complex (South Africa), the ∼2710 Ma Stillwater Complex (USA), the ∼1270 Ma Muskox Intrusion (Canada), and the ∼60 Ma Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion (Scotland). Three endmember chromitite textures are described, based on chromite grain size and degree of textural equilibration: (1) coarse-grained chromite crystals (&gt;0.40 mm) that occur in the central portions of seams and exhibit high degrees of solid-state textural equilibration; (2) fine-grained chromite crystals (0.11–0.44 mm) at the margins of seams in contact with and disseminated throughout host anorthosite or pyroxenite; and (3) fine-grained chromite crystals (0.005–0.28 mm) hosted within intra-seam orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine oikocrysts. Crystal size distribution and spatial distribution pattern analyses are consistent with coarsening occurring through processes of textural maturation, including the sintering of grains by coalescence. We propose that textural maturation initially occurred in the supra-solidus state followed by an important stage of solid-state textural maturation and that these equilibration processes played a major role in the eventual microstructural and compositional homogeneity of the chromitite seams.
A Comparative Study of Sulfur Isotope Variations within the Flatreef and Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Authors: Keet Jarlen J. , Roelofse Frederick , Gauert Christoph D.K. , Grobler Danie , Butler Mike 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The Flatreef, a down-dip, sub-horizontal extension of the Platreef, which underlies the Turfspruit and Macalacaskop farms, represents the future of platinum mining in South Africa. The stratigraphic connection between the Platreef, located at the base of the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, and the Merensky Reef in the western and eastern limbs of the complex, was disputed for many years due to the heterogeneous nature of the Platreef along strike. However, the discovery of the Flatreef led to a new perspective on the Platreef as the former allowed for the study of a magmatic stratigraphy less affected by footwall interaction. Here, we report whole-rock S isotope (δ34S) compositions across the stratigraphic units of the Flatreef and its footwall and hanging wall as intersected by boreholes UMT-276 and UMT-393, as well as stratigraphic units of the Merensky Reef at Two Rivers Platinum mine in the eastern limb. The units of the Flatreef containing platinum group element mineralization, namely the Main Reef and Upper Reef, have δ34S values that overlap with the range recorded for the Merensky Reef in the western and eastern limbs. In UMT-393, Main Reef δ34S values range between 0.2 and 1.5‰ (with the exception of three outliers, 9.7‰, 11.1‰, and 7.9‰), and 0.52‰ and 11.2‰ for two Upper Reef samples. However, in UMT-276, Main Reef δ34S values range between –0.96 and 2.24‰ and 3.19‰ was recorded for an Upper Reef sample. The S isotope compositions recorded for the Merensky Reef pyroxenite at Two Rivers Platinum mine are relatively higher with δ34S values ranging between 1.24 and 4.83‰. The top unit of the Flatreef, which is a transition zone below the Main Zone, as well as the Footwall Cyclic Unit have heavier S isotope compositions with δ34S values ranging between 6 and 17‰ for the former and 0.7 and 18.6‰ for the latter. At Two Rivers Platinum mine, the hanging-wall anorthosite has a δ34S value of 2.9‰ in contrast to the 5.7‰ measured for the footwall anorthosite and 3.27‰ for the footwall feldspathic pyroxenite. The consistent near-mantle S isotope signature and accompanying metal enrichment in the Main Reef of the Flatreef may be explained by extensive interaction of sulfide minerals in a Lower Zone conduit/pre-Platreef staging chamber with large volumes of uncontaminated magma. The δ34S values of the Merensky Reef at Two Rivers Platinum mine are slightly higher compared to that of the Main Reef at Turfspruit and Macalacaskop possibly due to interaction with underlying carbonate rocks.
Local Environments of Low-redshift Supernovae
Authors: Cronin Serena A. , Utomo Dyas , Leroy Adam K. , Behrens Erica A. , Chastenet Jérémy , Holland-Ashford Tyler , Koch Eric W. , Lopez Laura A. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Williams Thomas G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We characterize the local (2 kpc sized) environments of Type Ia, II, and Ib/c supernovae (SNe) that have recently occurred in nearby (d ≲ 50 Mpc) galaxies. Using ultraviolet (UV; from Galaxy Evolution Explorer) and infrared (IR; from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) maps of 359 galaxies and a sample of 472 SNe, we measure the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) and stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆) in a 2 kpc beam centered on each SN site. We show that core-collapse SNe are preferentially located along the resolved galactic star-forming main sequence, whereas Type Ia SNe are extended to lower values of ΣSFR at fixed Σ⋆, indicative of locations inside quiescent galaxies or quiescent regions of galaxies. We also test how well the radial distribution of each SN type matches the radial distributions of UV and IR light in each host galaxy. We find that, to first order, the distributions of all types of SNe mirror those of both near-IR light (3.4 and 4.5 μm, tracing the stellar mass distribution) and mid-IR light (12 and 22 μm, tracing emission from hot, small grains), and also resemble our best-estimate ΣSFR. All types of SNe appear more radially concentrated than the UV emission of their host galaxies. In more detail, the distributions of Type II SNe show small statistical differences from those of near-IR light. We attribute this overall structural uniformity to the fact that within any individual galaxy, ΣSFR and Σ⋆ track one another well, with variations in ΣSFR/Σ⋆ most visible when comparing between galaxies.
Improving the Spatial Resolution of Solar Images Using Generative Adversarial Network and Self-attention Mechanism*
Authors: Deng Junlan , Song Wei , Liu Dan , Li Qin , Lin Ganghua , Wang Haimin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the new physics of the Sun has been revealed using advanced data with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory has accumulated abundant observation data for the study of solar activity with sufficient cadence, but their spatial resolution (about 1″) is not enough to analyze the subarcsecond structure of the Sun. On the other hand, high-resolution observation from large-aperture ground-based telescopes, such as the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory, can achieve a much higher resolution on the order of 0.″1 (about 70 km). However, these high-resolution data only became available in the past 10 yr, with a limited time period during the day and with a very limited field of view. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has greatly improved the perceptual quality of images in image translation tasks, and the self-attention mechanism can retrieve rich information from images. This paper uses HMI and GST images to construct a precisely aligned data set based on the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm and t0 reconstruct the HMI continuum images with four times better resolution. Neural networks based on the conditional GAN and self-attention mechanism are trained to restore the details of solar active regions and to predict the reconstruction error. The experimental results show that the reconstructed images are in good agreement with GST images, demonstrating the success of resolution improvement using machine learning.
Efficient Numerical Treatment of Ambipolar and Hall Drift as Hyperbolic System
Authors: Rempel M. , Przybylski D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Partially ionized plasmas, such as the solar chromosphere, require a generalized Ohm’s law including the effects of ambipolar and Hall drift. While both describe transport processes that arise from the multifluid equations and are therefore of hyperbolic nature, they are often incorporated in models as a diffusive, i.e., parabolic process. While the formulation as such is easy to include in standard MHD models, the resulting diffusive time-step constraints do require often a computationally more expensive implicit treatment or super-time-stepping approaches. In this paper we discuss an implementation that retains the hyperbolic nature and allows for an explicit integration with small computational overhead. In the case of ambipolar drift, this formulation arises naturally by simply retaining a time derivative of the drift velocity that is typically omitted. This alone leads to time-step constraints that are comparable to the native MHD time-step constraint for a solar setup including the region from photosphere to lower solar corona. We discuss an accelerated treatment that can further reduce time-step constraints if necessary. In the case of Hall drift we propose a hyperbolic formulation that is numerically similar to that for the ambipolar drift and we show that the combination of both can be applied to simulations of the solar chromosphere at minimal computational expense.
Self-consistent Ring Model in Protoplanetary Disks: Temperature Dips and Substructure Formation
Authors: Zhang 张 Shangjia 尚嘉 , Hu 胡 Xiao 晓 , Zhu 朱 Zhaohuan 照寰 , Bae Jaehan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rings and gaps are ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks. Larger dust grains will concentrate in gaseous rings more compactly due to stronger aerodynamic drag. However, the effects of dust concentration on the ring’s thermal structure have not been explored. Using MCRT simulations, we self-consistently construct ring models by iterating the ring’s thermal structure, hydrostatic equilibrium, and dust concentration. We set up rings with two dust populations having different settling and radial concentration due to their different sizes. We find two mechanisms that can lead to temperature dips around the ring. When the disk is optically thick, the temperature drops outside the ring, which is the shadowing effect found in previous studies adopting a single-dust population in the disk. When the disk is optically thin, a second mechanism due to excess cooling of big grains is found. Big grains cool more efficiently, which leads to a moderate temperature dip within the ring where big dust resides. This dip is close to the center of the ring. Such a temperature dip within the ring can lead to particle pileup outside the ring and feedback to the dust distribution and thermal structure. We couple the MCRT calculations with a 1D dust evolution model and show that the ring evolves to a different shape and may even separate to several rings. Overall, dust concentration within rings has moderate effects on the disk’s thermal structure, and a self-consistent model is crucial not only for protoplanetary disk observations but also for planetesimal and planet formation studies.
Otto Will (1910-1993) et l’art de la relation : plus simplement humain qu’autre chose
Authors: Gorney James E. 
Published: December 2021

Otto Will fut l’un des psychothérapeutes les plus créatifs du xx e siècle, et pourtant son travail est peu connu. Cet article restitue et transmet son héritage. Pendant sa carrière à Chestnut Lodge et à Austin Riggs, le Dr Will a enseigné en donnant des exemples, incitant les autres à s’engager avec audace dans le traitement psychanalytique des psychoses à long terme. S’inspirant de ses deux analystes, Harry Stack Sullivan et Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, il a exploré le pouvoir thérapeutique de l’attachement et de la relation interpersonnelle. En tant que thérapeute, Otto se présentait lui-même avec toutes ses failles, admettant ses erreurs et connaissant ses limites. Une telle réceptivité engendrait en retour pareilles réponses de la part de l’autre. En forgeant une relation vitale avec de nombreux patients gravement traumatisés, il a fait preuve d’un don exceptionnel pour la rencontre. Je m’appuierai sur ma propre expérience en tant que collègue du Dr Will pour raconter son histoire tant personnelle que professionnelle, et pour rendre compte de toutes ses contributions uniques à la technique analytique. Son art de la relation sera illustré à travers le récit d’histoires et d’exemples singuliers.
Branding as an Entry Strategy to Overcome the Failures of New Products Introduced Under Protective Trade Environment in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasinghe J. A. S. C. 
Published: December 2021

Marketers know that branding is vital in capturing and sustaining the market for a firm. However, what value that customers ascribe mainly to the brand name compared to other factors is not well investigated in Sri Lanka. To respond to the unhealthy economic outcomes arising due to Covid-19, Sri Lanka is implementing a policy framework in order to uplift the local production that the country needs for itself. The loan scheme such as ‘Made in Sri Lanka’ loans for local industries has beenintroduced to encourage producers to invest in import substitution industries to win this battle. However, failure of new products is prevalent in every part of the world. The purpose of this research was to investigate that how the new product developers can apply the merits of the branding to overcome the problem of new product failure. Therefore, it was needed to study in deep that how consumers think about branding and how they respond to new brands and brand extensions. Hence , this study was designed to understand consumer decision making regarding brand name and other determinants. This study was conducted in two phases. The nature of the study was exploratory at the outset and then, it was converted to a descriptive study. A questionnaire was constructed and data collection was done in Colombo metropolitan area using sixty respondents. Findings show that brand name is dominant in some product categories but in some other product categories another factor seems to be playing a significant role. However, it is understood that the most of the other factors could be associated with the brand itself when the brand is built strategically. Therefore, marketing planners must first, study the product specific characteristics in line with the Sri Lankan culture, life styles, preferences of consumers and consumer attitude towards brand names, and accordingly they must design the new products before they are launched.
Clinical Features of Patients with Nonmalignant Upper Tract Lesions Mimicking Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Lu Ze-Hong , Ou Chien-Hui , Lin Kun-Che 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The purpose is to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of patients who have undergone nephroureterectomy with nonmalignant upper tract lesions presumed to be urothelial carcinoma from images in Taiwan.

Materials and Methods:
Between October 2004 and October 2015, our institute had 350 patients who underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for possible upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma without a routine diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS) or ureteroscopic biopsy. Trauma, urolithiasis, or infection were excluded. We collected imaging findings; urine cytology results; renal function status; previous urothelial history; and the final pathology results. Twenty-three (6.6%) patients had nonmalignant benign lesions found from pathology.

Results:
The 23 patients comprised nine men and fourteen women. Most patients were middle-aged. Initial symptoms included gross hematuria, hydronephrosis, and flank pain. From self-voided urine cytology, the most common result was atypical cells. The number of patients was equal in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) plus postkidney transplantation group and the non-ESRD group. In addition, we divided patients into two groups according to lesioned kidney function status: Nonfunctional kidney (NFK) or functional kidney (FK). The most common pathologic feature found in the NFK group was atrophic kidneys. On the other hand, the most common diagnosis in the FK group was pyelonephritis.

Conclusion:
Nonmalignant pathologic lesions were detected in 23 patients who had undergone retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy without preoperative diagnostic URS for upper tract lesions. Self-voided urine cytology provided limited information for diagnosis in this group. For the almost 75% of patients with NFK, nephroureterectomy may be a feasible diagnostic and therapeutic method.
Achieving the Best RNA Quality in Urologic Tumor Samples Intended for Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Lai Tzu-Chun , Cha Tai-Lung , Tsai Yi-Ta , Liu Shu-Yu , Wu Sheng-Tang , Meng En , Tsao Chih-Wei , Kao Chien-Chang , Chen Chin-Li , Sun Guang-Huan , Yu Dah-Shyong , Yang Ming-Hsin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To conduct research on the molecular oncology, physiology, and immunology of urologic tumors requires dissociated viable samples. Improper collection compromises the quality of data attained in molecular and functional assays due to the increased quantities of degraded proteins and RNA. We sought to improve the methods for tissue collection which can avoid generating considerable loss in the viability of cells for further analyses.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty resected tumor samples from 35 patients were obtained with different surgical techniques and at various time points for viability and RNA quality evaluation. The degradation of RNA was evaluated by its Qubit IQ score, OD 260/280 ratio, total yield, and quantity of β-actin.

Results:
Snap-frozen tissue samples obtained within 30 min showed better cell viability (P < 0.0001), RNA total yield (P = 0.0081), Qubit ratio (P = 0.003), OD 260/280 ratio (P = 0.4213), and quantity of β-actin (P = 0.0015). Moreover, the bladder tumor samples collected from transurethral biopsy presented more satisfied cell viability results than the ones resected by transurethral electroresection (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Tumor samples should be processed or frozen freshly within 30 min once removed from human body. Furthermore, transurethral biopsy of bladder tumor is considered a better method for collecting samples for further molecular oncology studies. The high-quality RNA produced enable researchers to conduct more reliable studies by avoiding the experimental artifacts due to the presence of cellular debris or dead cells.
ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO DA LITERATURA SOBRE O SISTEMA SIFÔNICO DE DRENAGEM DE ÁGUAS PLUVIAIS
Authors: Talitta Martins Araújo Morgado Uiara , André Siqueira Campus Marcus 
Published: December 2021

RESUMO: Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar um mapeamento da Literatura sobre a produção bibliográfica do Sistema Sifônico De Drenagem De Águas Pluviais, a fim de que sejam identificadas tanto áreas de maior número de estudos, quanto as áreas pouco exploradas. Foi realizada uma busca de artigos publicados nas bases de dados Engineering Village, Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science, por meio de critérios pré-definidos e um total de 24 artigos aderentes foram selecionados. Com as análises realizadas, são ofertadas recomendações para futuros estudos e uma visão geral da literatura sobre o conteúdo.
MORADIA ESTUDANTIL DO CERRADO (MUC) E OS CRITÉRIOS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE CONFORME CERTIFICAÇÃO SELO AZUL
Authors: De Andrade Bento Luciana , Rigley César Matias Gonçalves Rigley , Salomão Rael de Morais Lucas , Martins de Paula Heber 
Published: December 2021

RESUMO: A pretensão de uma indústria construtiva mais sustentável reflete na adoção de condutas como a minimização do consumo de matérias-primas, otimização dos recursos naturais e da utilização de novas e diversas tecnologias construtivas que possam reduzir os impactos ambientais gerados na produção de edificações. A Moradia Universitária do Cerrado (MUC), moradia estudantil, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Catalão (Em implantação) e foi construída pleiteando atender vários critérios, de modo a garantir a sustentabilidade desde a fase de projetos até a pós-ocupação do edifício. Visando mensurar as práticas sustentáveis das construções a Caixa Econômica Federal, lançou o programa Selo Casa Azul + CAIXA, estabelecendo critérios e verificando a gradação em quatro níveis (bronze, prata, azul e diamante). Ante ao exposto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar, caso fosse possível a certificação de obras públicas no programa, em qual gradação se enquadra a MUC, conforme os critérios estabelecidos pelo Selo. O estudo tem o intuito de demonstrar as beneficies desse tipo de construção e a conscientização da comunidade acadêmica quanto a essa vertente. Após análises dos parâmetros estabelecidos pelo programa, conferiu-se o Selo Bronze para a construção, sendo possível a gradação Prata, caso seja implantadas novas atividades após a ocupação do prédio.
La teoría hegeliana de la economía moderna
Authors: Rózsa Erzsébet 
Published: December 2021

La tesis principal de este artículo sostiene que la teoría hegeliana de la economía moderna debe entenderse como una filosofía económica, y no como una economía. Hegel no fue un economista como Smith, Say o Ricardo, sino que elaboró un tipo diferente de teoría económica que, como interpretación igualmente precisa, merece mucha más atención de la que ha recibido hasta ahora. El único intérprete que habló sobre la teoría de la economía moderna y la filosofía económica hegeliana fue Althusser, que utilizó esta expresión en un sentido más bien peyorativo. La teoría económica de Hegel fue recibida por muchos filósofos, desde Gans y Marx, a Lukács a Marcuse, aunque la falta de claridad sobre la relación entre la economía y la teoría filosófica de la economía moderna significó que Hegel fuera medido según los estándares de teorías económicas como las de Smith, Ricardo o Marx y, en consecuencia, condenado o alabado. Su logro en el campo de la teoría económica de la modernidad quedó en la oscuridad en la medida en que su teoría de la sociedad burguesa y su significado fue reemplazada por su filosofía política. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las características específicas de la filosofía económica de Hegel.