bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Forecast Visualizations on Pandemic Risk Perceptions
Authors: Padilla Lace , Hosseinpour Helia , Fygenson Racquel , Howell Jennifer , Chunara Rumi , Bertini Enrico 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
People worldwide use SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) visualizations to make life and death decisions about pandemic risks. Understanding how COVID-19 visualizations influence risk perceptions to improve pandemic communication is crucial. To examine how COVID-19 visualizations influence risk perception, we conducted two experiments (N = 2,549) during the height of COVID-19 where we presented participants with 34 visualizations from the CDC of the same COVID-19 mortality data. We found that visualizing data using a cumulative scale consistently led to participants believing that they and others were at more risk than before viewing the visualizations. In contrast, visualizing the same data with a weekly incident scale led to variable changes in risk perceptions. Further, uncertainty forecast visualizations also affected risk perceptions, with visualizations showing six or more models increasing risk estimates more than the others tested. Differences between COVID-19 visualizations of the same data produce different risk perceptions, fundamentally changing viewers' interpretation of information.
Tissue expansion of ‘cleared’ whole brains reduces contrast in ex vivo MRI
Authors: Oz Shimrit , Saar Galit , Olszakier Shunit , Heinrich Ronit , Kompanets Mykhail , Berlin Shai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Multimodal imaging of optically-cleared brains, ex vivo, by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and light microscopy (LM) presents unique opportunities for studying the brain at various scales and resolutions. However, CLARITY -cleared brains lack MRI contrast, implicating lipids as the major source of MRI contrast. We explored the ex vivo MRI compatibility of uDISCO, ECi and Scale -cleared brains. Surprisingly, uDISCO and ECi -cleared brains retain MRI contrast, whereas Scale-cleared brains show a severe loss of MRI contrast, as CLARITY. Determination of lipid-content in cleared samples shows that CLARITY, uDISCO and ECi are strongly delipidating, whereas Scale preserves most lipids. We conclude that MRI contrast can be associated with tissue expansion (and hyperhydration) rather than with lipid-content. Thus, we present two clearing methods compatible with ex vivo MRI.
Biodegradable Nanoparticles Combining Cancer Cell Targeting and Anti-Angiogenic Activity for Synergistic Chemotherapy in Epithelial Cancer
Authors: moret Francesca , Conte Claudia , Esposito Diletta , Poggetto Giovanni Dal , Avitabile Concetta , Ungaro Francesca , TIso Natascia , Romanelli Alessandra , Laurienzo Paola , Reddi Elena , Quaglia Fabiana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A biodegradable engineered nanoplatform combining anti-angiogenic activity and targeting of cancer cells to improve the anticancer activity of docetaxel (DTX) is here proposed. Indeed, we have developed biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone), exposing on the surface both folate motifs (Fol) for recognition in cells overexpressing Folate Receptor- a (FRa) and the anti-angiogenic hexapeptide aFLT1. The presence of Fol on NPs did not impair the anti-angiogenic activity of aFLT1, as assessed by in vitro tube formation assay in HUVEC endothelial cells. In both 2D and 3D KB cell cultures in vitro , the cytotoxicity of DTX loaded in NPs was not significantly affected by Fol/aFLT1 double decoration as compared to free DTX. Remarkably, NPs distributed differently in 3D multicellular spheroids of FRa-positive KB cancer cells depending on the type of ligand displayed on the surface. When tested in vivo in zebrafish embryos xenografted with KB cells, NPs displaying Fol/aFLT1 reduced DTX systemic toxicity and inhibited in a synergistic way the growth of the tumor mass and associated vasculature. Overall, nanotechnology offers excellent ground for combining therapeutic concepts in cancer, paving the way to the development of novel multifunctional nanopharmaceuticals where surface decoration with bioactive elements can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes.
Observation of an exotic narrow doubly charmed tetraquark
Authors: Belyaev Ivan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Conventional hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and quark-antiquark pairs, respectively. The observation of a new type of hadronic state, a doubly charmed tetraquark containing two charm quarks, an anti-u and an anti-d quark, is reported using data collected by the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This exotic state with a mass of about 3875 MeV/c 2 manifests itself as a narrow peak in the mass spectrum of D0D0π + mesons just below the D∗+D0 mass threshold. The near-threshold mass together with a strikingly narrow width reveals the resonance nature of the state.
Switchable deep eutectic solvent driven micellar extractive fermentation of ultrapure fibrin digesting enzyme from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Muniasamy Ramya , Rathnasamy Senthilkumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fibrinolytic protease (FLP) is a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of thrombolytic diseases. The present study proposed the concept of pH-driven swappable micellar two-phase extraction for the concurrent production and purification of FLP from Bacillus subtilis at cloud point extraction. Extractive fermentation was carried out with a pH swap mechanism, and FLP was extracted to the top phase by surfactant deep eutectic solvents (SADES). Shrimp waste was chosen as a sustainable low-cost substrate that yielded a maximum protease of 185 U/mg. Six SDESs were synthesized with nonionic surfactants as hydrogen bond donors and quaternary ammonium salts as hydrogen bond acceptors, and their association was confirmed by H1 NMR. Thermophysical investigation of the synthetic SADES was accomplished as a function of temperature. Response surface methodology for extractive fermentation was performed with the concentration of SADES (35% w/v), Na2SO4 (15% w/v) and pH (6.3) as variables and the enzyme activity (248 IU/mg) as a response. Furthermore, purification using gel filtration chromatography was used to quantify the amount of enzyme obtained in the extraction phase (849 IU/ml). After final purification with an anion exchange column, the maximum purity fold (22.32) with enzyme activity (1172 IU/ml) was achieved. The in vitro fibrinolytic activity was confirmed using a fibrin plate assay.
Pulmonary granuloma is not always the tuberculosis hallmark: pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in New and Old World Nonhuman Primates naturally infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
Authors: Pereira Asheley H. B. , Lopes Claudia A. A. , Pissinatti Thalita A. , Pinto Ana C. A. , Oliveira Daniel R. A. , Leal Gabriel M. , Oliveira Luiz C. M. , Redner Paulo , Barbosa Bruna E. P. , Moreira Silvia B. , Pissinatti Alcides , Maruyama Fernanda H. , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria , Ubiali Daniel G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Herein we present the pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in Old and New World monkeys kept under human care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Fifteen nonhuman primates from five different colonies were incorporated into the study. There are 60% (9/15) Old World Monkeys and 40% (6/15) New World Monkeys. According to the gross and histopathologic findings, the lesions in nonhuman primates of this study are classified into the chronic-active, extrapulmonary, early-activation or latent-reactivation tuberculosis stage. Among the Old World Monkey, 66.7% (6/9) of nonhuman primates, all rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), showed severe granulomatous pneumonia. In all Old World Monkeys cases, typical granulomas were seen in at least one organ regardless of the stage of the disease. In the New World Monkeys, the typical pulmonary granulomas were seen in 16.7% (1/6) of the cases, just in the latent-reactivation stage in Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki (Chiropotes utahickae). In this study, 66.7% (6/9) of Old World Monkeys (OWM) and 83.3% (5/6) of New World Monkeys (NWM) showed pulmonary changes at the histological evaluation. The tuberculosis diagnosis in the nonhuman primates in this study was based on pathological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and bacteriological culture. Although the typical presentation was observed in some cases, the absence of pulmonary granuloma did not exclude the tuberculosis occurrence in nonhuman primates of the Old and New World. Tuberculosis should be included as a cause of interstitial pneumonia with foamy macrophages infiltration in the New World nonhuman primates. Due to the high sensitivity of immunohistochemistry with Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we suggest the addition of this technique as a diagnostic tool of tuberculosis in the nonhuman primates even when the typical changes are not seen.
A super-efficient and biosafe hemostatic cotton gauze with controlled balance of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and tissue adhesiveness
Authors: He Huaying , Zhou Weikang , Gao Jing , Wang Fan , Wang Shaobing , Fang Yan , Gao Yang , Chen Wei , Zhang Wen , Weng Yunxiang , Wang Zhengchao , Liu Haiqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cotton gauze is a widely used topical hemostatic material for bleeding control in military and civil accidents and surgical operations, but its high blood absorption capacity tends to cause extra blood loss of the wounded person, which may increase the risk of shock and death. Therefore, development of rapid hemostatic cotton gauze with less blood loss is of great significance. Herein, we prepared a super-efficient hemostatic cotton gauze whose surface was slightly modified with a catechol compound which features a flexible long hydrophobic alkyl chain terminated with a catechol group. Its hemostatic performance in rat and pig injury models was far superior to standard cotton gauze and Combat GauzeTM. The latter is a well-known commercial gauze for controlling massive hemorrhaging. Additionally, after stoppage of bleeding, the wound sites hardly re-bleed upon the gauze was peeled off. Histological analysis proved that the novel cotton gauze well kept the biosafety of cotton gauze. Interestingly, a similar impressive hemostatic performance was also achieved for chitosan nonwoven gauze modified with the same procedure. Density functional theory calculation and instrumental measurements demonstrate that their extraordinary hemostatic capability is attributable to the highly efficient formation of big and thick primary blood clot made of massive aggregated erythrocytes, due to gauze’s effective controlling of blood movement through its blocking effect from tissue adhesion by catechol, platelet activation by cotton fiber, blood absorption by cotton, and hydrophobic effect from long alkyl chain. The methodology and hemostatic mechanisms presented in this work may open a new avenue for developing highly efficient hemostatic gauzes.
Reversing treatment from surgical orthodontics to camouflage therapy: a four-year follow-up
Authors: Oliveira Dauro Douglas , Silveira Giordani Santos , da Matta Cid Pinto Larissa Salgado , Oliveira Bruno Franco , Pantuzo Mariele Cristina Garcia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Patients in active treatment and transferred to another orthodontic clinic may present a difficult challenge for the receiving orthodontist. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate and discuss the orthodontic therapy of a 35-year-old male who had been prepared for orthognathic surgery, transferred to a different clinic and whose treatment was revised to involve orthodontic camouflage. A reflection of the difficulties in managing transferred patients is offered, and the consequences of changing the original treatment plan and handling the patient’s expectations are explained.
Evaluation of treatment risks and the quality of information contained within the websites of specialist orthodontists
Authors: Meade Maurice J. , Dreyer Craig W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the treatment risks and the quality of information contained within the websites of specialist orthodontists in Australia.

Methods
The term ‘specialist orthodontic practice’ was entered into three internet search engines. Websites satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated for orthodontic treatment risk information against nine common treatment risks. For website reliability and quality, the DISCERN instrument was used along with the HON (health on the net) seal certification; and for readability, the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) Test was applied.

Results
Of the 105 websites that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4.8% reported all nine risks. No risks were reported by 17.1%. Relapse (64.8%) was the most common risk recorded on websites, followed by ‘pain/discomfort’ (63.8%). Root resorption was reported by 5.7%. The requirement for life-long retention was indicated by 22.9% of the websites and 57.1% gave advice on sports mouthguard wear. The proposed benefits of orthodontic treatment were outlined by 85.7%. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) overall DISCERN score was 43.78 (SD 6.49; range 17–59). No website displayed the HON Seal certification. The mean FRE Score was 51.71 (SD 10.19; range 30.1–74.7).

Conclusions
Information regarding orthodontic treatment risks contained within specialist orthodontic practice websites appears deficient. Websites were of variable reliability, quality and readability. Further development of specialist orthodontists’ websites is required to ensure the delivery of accessible, reliable and understandable evidence-based information to patients.
The clinical benefits of orthodontic treatment to pathologically migrated teeth: A systematic review
Authors: Gameiro Gustavo H. , Dalstra Michel , Cattaneo Paolo M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The present systematic review aimed to assess the evidence related to the periodontal benefits of orthodontic treatment of pathologically migrated teeth in combination with periodontal therapy with or without a regenerative procedure.

Methods
Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane) were searched up to March 21, 2019. Selection criteria included human studies in which pathologically migrated maxillary teeth were repositioned with orthodontic fixed appliances after periodontal therapy. Clinical trials not reporting a quantitative measurement of clinical attachment gain were excluded.

Results
The search strategy identified 90 relevant articles. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 articles qualified for the final analysis of which five were clinical trials and 10 were case series or reports. Five studies could be classified as providing a moderate level of evidence (33%), while 10 were classified as low levels of evidence (67%). None of the studies were classified as providing a high-level of evidence,

Conclusions
Based on the limited available evidence, orthodontic treatment had a fundamental role in the resolution of anterior pathologic tooth migration. Gains were seen in clinical attachment levels with accompanying improved aesthetic and functional final results. However, it was not possible to make any recommendations regarding the use of a specific regenerative procedure to improve the clinical results obtained by a combination of periodontal and orthodontic therapies. The most recurrent sources of bias were the absence of a control group and limited adequate examinations before and after treatment.
Surgical repositioning of infra-occluded dental implants in the orthognathic management of a Class III open-bite patient
Authors: Kim Kyung-A , Kim Kang-Min , Lee Tae-Hee , Park Tae-Joon , Park Ki-Ho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dental implants placed in the maxillary anterior region have a high risk of aesthetic complications caused by later infra-occlusion and may subsequently require special therapeutic considerations to achieve optimal aesthetic and functional results. Based on the severity, possible treatment options for infra-occluded implants include replacement of the implant restoration, alveolar distraction osteogenesis, repositioning by a segmental osteotomy, or the removal of the implant. The present case report describes the successful application of bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery combined with an anterior segmental osteotomy for the correction of a Class III open-bite malocclusion complicated by severely infra-occluded implants.
An asymmetric magnetic reverse Twin-block applian ce for the treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion: a case report
Authors: Ma Qiaoling , Mei Li , Jiang Yuanyuan , Xu Yun , Wu Tuojiang , Li Huang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion with accompanying mandibular asymmetry is an orthodontic challenge. A skeletal Class III may be associated with a retrognathic maxilla, a prognathic mandible and a mandibular asymmetry can be of dental or skeletal origin or in various combinations. Timely treatment with appropriate biomechanics is crucial for an acceptable and stable result.

Aims
The aim of this article was to introduce a clinically effective asymmetric magnetic reverse Twin-block appliance (AMRTB) for growth modification treatment of an 11-year-old girl who presented with a skeletal Class III malocclusion and accompanying mandibular asymmetry.

Methods
The treatment was comprised of two phases, the first of which was growth modification using the AMRTB for the stimulation of maxillary growth, restraint of mandibular growth, and improvement of the mandibular asymmetry. This was followed by a second phase involving full fixed appliances to optimise the interdigitation and occlusion.

Results
The skeletal Class III relationship and mandibular asymmetry was successfully corrected after two years of treatment. A good facial appearance and pleasing smile aesthetics were achieved. The treatment result was stable after six years of follow-up.

Conclusion
This case demonstrated that the AMRTB was a clinically effective appliance for growth modification treatment in patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular asymmetry.
Craniofacial growth studies in orthodontic research — lessons, considerations and controversies
Authors: Wishney Morgan , Darendeliler M. Ali , Dalci Oyku 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The distinguishing features of Class I, Class II and Class III craniofacial growth have been subjects of orthodontic research since the middle of the 20th century. However, the moral and practical issues related to studying craniofacial growth in modern times have presented unresolved challenges to researchers. While previous longitudinal growth investigations are typically based on historical data sets, the cephalometric growth studies of contemporary populations must now rely on cross-sectional data. Furthermore, clinical orthodontic research has faced similar ethical challenges in which therapeutic outcomes are analysed using historical control data. These limitations, amongst others, have obscured the conclusions that can be drawn from both types of studies. This article begins with a review of the defining characteristics of Class I, Class II and Class III growth and then explores the limitations of growth studies and the use of historical control groups in orthodontic research.
Skeletal Class II open-bite malocclusion with idiopathic condylar resorption: a case report
Authors: Oka Ayaka , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Yashiro Kohtaro , Haraguchi Seiji , Lee Donghoon , Aikawa Tomonao , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The orthodontic treatment of patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) remains controversial. The effect of molar intrusion using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and the consequential gradual counterclockwise rotation of the mandible in patients with ICR remains unclear.

Aims
To present the long-term treatment result of an adult skeletal Class II open-bite malocclusion with a history of ICR corrected by the combination of orthognathic surgery and TADs.

Methods
After six months of occlusal splint therapy, a surgically-assisted intrusion of the maxillary molars was performed using TADs, followed by a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and genioplasty.

Results
The five-year post-treatment records showed a good facial appearance, occlusion and mandibular/condylar position with no progress in the condylar resorption.

Conclusion
Based on a single case, this treatment option is an effective alternative to a bimaxillary osteotomy for patients presenting with ICR.
An injectable bone graft substitute to enhance the primary stability of a novel miniscrew – The Sydney Mini Screw
Authors: Bakopoulou Anastasia , Fathi Ali , Xu Hang , Ruys Andrew J. , Darendeliler Aysin , Dalci Oyku , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Anchorage is crucial in controlling tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Different designs have been introduced to increase the stability of miniscrews. A new miniscrew, The Sydney Mini Screw (SMS), with a hollow chamber and lateral port holes, has been developed to allow the diffusion of an injectable bone graft substitute (iBGS) into cancellous bone. The aim of this study was to analyse the optimum iBGS application with ideal chemo-mechanical properties to be used in conjunction with the novel SMS.

Method
A composite calcium sulphate and calcium phosphate bone graft substitute was examined. The effects of powder particle size, and the powder-to-liquid ratio on the injectability of the iBGS through the SMS were investigated. The viscosity, injectability, and mechanical properties of the new composite mixtures were assessed using rheology and universal compression measurements.

Results
The results showed that the optimised injectable formulation of the bone cement was acquired with the concentration of 2.5 g/ml. This concentration was readily injectable through the SMS, and its setting time was within 2–3 minutes, which is favourable for clinicians. In addition, the resulting structure fractured at 80 kPa compression stress.

Conclusion
The result of this study identified the specific particle size and powder-to-liquid ratio of the iBGS that can be used in conjunction with the new SMS to enhance the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrew applications.