bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRY AND ERGONOMICS OF DESK AND CHAIR DESIGN FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (CASE STUDY: PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 008 PURNAMA)
Authors: Fitra Fitra , Azmi Azmi , Marbun Novri Jenita , Fathurrozi Nur Arif 
Published: July 2021

Desks and chairs are supporting facilities for learning activities at various school levels, especially elementary schools or mostly known as SD. The Government of Dumai City through the Education authorities provided desks and chairs for learning process. SD 008 Purnama is one of the schools that received desks and chairs as aid. However the desks and chairs provided are not ergonomic in terms of the size of desks and chairs compared to size of student’s body. Somehow the un-ergonomic desks and chairs generate uncomfortable during learning and teaching process. In order to have proper anthropometry data of student of SD 008 Purnama and to be recommended to determine the size of desks and chairs ergonomically is the main purpose of this study.This study discusses the ergonomics of the design of the desks and chairs in elementary schools by using anthropometric data of students in grade 1 and 6. The research method used is quantitative research using the anthropometric approach. This research was conducted at SD 008 Purnama so that it can be used as main reference for the size desks and chairs for All elementary schools in the city of Dumai.The results of this study were the recommended Desk and chair sizes based on anthropometric data of students at SD 008 Purnama. Anthropometric data obtained were the high of desk and chair which can be raised and lowered. The high of desk was obtained 42.40 cm-67.35 cm and chair 29.22 cm-42.94 cm. However also obtained the length of desk was 64,57 cm, width 59.02 cm, the high of desk surface from below was 37.72 cm, the length of chair was 43.16 cm, the width of seat base was 36.89 cm, chair back height was 38.55 cm, chair back width was 38.55 cm and the high of footrest for desk and chair was 7.17 cm
NOVELTY DOES MATTER: SLM IS A CONVENIENT WAY FINDING A RESEARCH ORIGINALITY
Authors: Cahyo Winda Nur 
Published: July 2021

A good research is a research with a clear research novelty of research originality. However, finding the novelty or originality is one of the most challenging process in research in any field. Although there are many proposed models to assist researchers and scholars to determine research novelty-such as Systematic Literature Review, K-Chart, Card System, Decision Tree, Mind Mapping- most of the tools or models fail to fulfill the need of some researcher to effectively present the complex result of literature review. To deal with this obstacle, a new tool named SLM (Systematic Literature Mapping) is proposed in this article in order to visually present the result of a complex literature review in the form of a decision tree that leads to an effective and efficient literature review process. The newly proposed model combines SLR (Systematic Literature Review), an established-well-known tool for literature review with a model named K-Chart. To verify the proposed model, a case study is discussed to accompany the example of the application of this new tool. The case study is finding the research opportunity of the application of big data in the industry. The result shows that SLM is capable to serve its purpose in the process of literature review
Genome Instability-Derived Genes Are Novel Prognostic Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Maoni , Wang San Ming 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease. Recent studies have identified genome instability-derived genes for patient outcomes. However, most of the studies mainly focused on only one or a few genome instability-related genes. Prognostic potential and clinical significance of genome instability-associated genes in TNBC have not been well explored.MethodsIn this study, we developed a computational approach to identify TNBC prognostic signature. It consisted of (1) using somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) in TNBC to build a binary matrix and identifying the top and bottom 25% mutated samples, (2) comparing the gene expression between the top and bottom 25% samples to identify genome instability-related genes, and (3) performing univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify survival-associated gene signature, and Kaplan–Meier, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression analyses to obtain overall survival (OS) information for TNBC outcome prediction.ResultsFrom the identified 111 genome instability-related genes, we extracted a genome instability-derived gene signature (GIGenSig) of 11 genes. Through survival analysis, we were able to classify TNBC cases into high- and low-risk groups by the signature in the training dataset (log-rank test p = 2.66e−04), validated its prognostic performance in the testing (log-rank test p = 2.45e−02) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (log-rank test p = 2.57e−05) datasets, and further validated the predictive power of the signature in five independent datasets.ConclusionThe identified novel signature provides a better understanding of genome instability in TNBC and can be applied as prognostic markers for clinical TNBC management.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Pyrimidine Derivatives Containing an Amide Moiety
Authors: Wu Wenneng , Lan Wenjun , Wu Chenyan , Fei Qiang 
Published: July 2021

In this study, 17 novel pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety were synthesized. Then their in vitro antifungal activities against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), Phomopsis sp., and Botrytis cinereal (B. cinereal) were determined. A preliminary biological test showed that compounds 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(2-((2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)benzamide (5f) and 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(3-((2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)benzamide (5o) exhibited higher antifungal activity against Phomopsis sp., with an inhibition rate of 100% compared to that of Pyrimethanil at 85.1%. In particular, compound 5o exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Phompsis sp., with the EC50 value of 10.5 μg/ml, which was even better than that of Pyrimethanil (32.1 μg/ml). As far as we know, this is the first report on the antifungal activities against B. dothidea, Phomopsis sp., and B. cinereal of this series of pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety.
A Multi-Catalytic Sensing for Hydrogen Peroxide, Glucose, and Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Carbon Dots
Authors: Li Ping , Sun Xiang-Ying , Shen Jiang-Shan 
Published: July 2021

In this work, a facile one-pot hydrothermal route was employed to synthesize a series of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) by using 20 natural amino acids, respectively, as the starting materials. It was found that the CDs synthesized using phenylalanine could possess the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity that could effectively catalyze a traditional peroxidase substrate like 3, 3’, 5, 5’- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 to produce a blue solution; thereby, a catalytic sensing system for H2O2 has been developed. On the basis of this catalytic reaction, together with the fact that glucose oxidase (GOx) can catalyze the hydrolysis of glucose to generate H2O2, a sensitive catalytic sensing system for glucose could be further established. Furthermore, based on this catalytic reaction, taken together with the two enzymatic catalytic systems of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (CHO), a highly sensitive multi-catalytic sensing system could be successfully developed for organophosphorus (OPs) pesticides such as dimethoate, DDVP, and parathion-methyl. Limit of detections (LODs) of H2O2 and glucose were estimated to be 6.5 and 0.84 μM, respectively. The limit of detection of the sub-nM level could be obtained for tested dimethoate, DDVP, and parathion-methyl OPs pesticides. The established sensing systems can exhibit good practical application performance in serum and several fruit samples.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Candidate Oxide Materials for Thermochemical Storage in Concentrating Solar Power Systems
Authors: Buck Reiner , Agrafiotis Christos , Tescari Stefania , Neumann Nicole , Schmücker Martin 
Published: July 2021

The thermal storage capability is an important asset of state-of-the-art concentrating solar power plants. The use of thermochemical materials, such as redox oxides, for hybrid sensible/thermochemical storage in solar power plants offers the potential for higher specific volume and mass storage capacity and as a consequence reduced levelized cost of electricity making such plants more competitive. For the techno-economic system analysis, three candidate redox materials were analyzed for their cost reduction potential: cobalt-based, manganese–iron–based, and perovskite-based oxide materials. As a reference process the use of inert commercial bauxite particles (sensible-only storage) was considered. A solar thermal power plant with a nominal power of 125 MWe and a storage capacity of 12 h was assumed for the analysis. For each storage material a plant layout was made, taking the specific thermophysical properties of the material into account. Based on this layout a particle break-even cost for the specific material was determined, at which levelized cost of electricity parity is achieved with the reference system. Cost factors mainly influenced by the material selection are storage cost and steam generator cost. The particle transport system cost has only a minor impact. The results show differences in the characteristics of the materials, for example, regarding the impact on storage size and cost and the steam generator cost. Regarding the economic potential of the candidate redox materials, the perovskite-based particles promise to have advantages, as they might be produced from inexpensive raw materials.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 in Clostridioides difficile Infection: Evidence From a Mouse Model and Clinical Patients
Authors: Lai Yi-Hsin , Tsai Bo-Yang , Hsu Chih-Yu , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Chou Po-Han , Chen Yueh-Lin , Liu Hsiao-Chieh , Ko Wen-Chien , Tsai Pei-Jane , Hung Yuan-Pin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundClostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the major components of innate immunity that sense pathogens. The relationship between TLRs and C. difficile infection (CDI) was analyzed in clinical patients and a mouse model.Materials and MethodsA prospective investigation was conducted in medical wards of Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan, from January 2011 to January 2013. Adult patients were followed up for the development of CDI. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the development of CDI. A mouse model of CDI was used to investigate the pathogenic role of TLRs in CDI, TLR2 and TLR4 knockout (Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/-) mice.ResultsIn the prospective study, 556 patients were enrolled, and 6.5% (36) of patients, accounting for 3.59 episodes per 1000 patient-days, developed CDI. Of 539 patients with available blood samples, the TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism was more often noted in those with CDI than in those without CDI (64.5% vs. 46.1%; P = 0.046) but was not significant in multivariate analysis. Because the TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism was moderately associated with CDI, the role of TLR2 and TLR4 was further evaluated in a mouse model. Both Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/- mice showed more severe CDI disease than wild-type mice in terms of body weight change and fecal content five days after oral challenge with C. difficile. Furthermore, Tlr2-/- mice suffered from more severe disease than Tlr4-/- mice, as evidenced by stool consistency, cecum weight, and survival rate.ConclusionThe TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism is marginally associated with the development of CDI, and the pathogenic role of TLR2 is further supported by a mouse model.
Mobile Genetic Elements of Vibrio cholerae and the Evolution of Its Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: De Rituparna 
Published: July 2021

Vibrio cholerae (VC) is the causative agent of the severe dehydrating diarrheal disease cholera. The primary treatment for cholera is oral rehydration therapy (ORT). However, in case of moderate to severe dehydration, antibiotics are administered to reduce morbidity. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of VC routinely used antibiotics fail to be effective in cholera patients. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is encoded in the genome of bacteria and is usually acquired from other organisms cohabiting in the environment or in the gut with which it interacts in the gut or environmental niche. The antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are usually borne on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids, transposons, integrons and SXT constin. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) helps in the exchange of ARGs among bacteria leading to dissemination of AMR. In VC the acquisition and loss of AMR to many antibiotics have been found to be a dynamic process. This review describes the different AMR determinants and mechanisms of resistance that have been discovered in VC. These ARGs borne usually on MGEs have been recovered from isolates associated with past and present epidemics worldwide. These are responsible for resistance of VC to common antibiotics and are periodically lost and gained contributing to its genetic evolution. These resistance markers can be routinely used for AMR surveillance in VC. The review also presents a precise perspective on the importance of the gut microbiome in the emergence of MDR VC and concludes that the gut microbiome is a potential source of molecular markers and networks which can be manipulated for the interception of AMR in the future.
Higher Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Was Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Overall Cognitive Dysfunction: A Propensity Score-Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Li Xuanting , Yuan Junliang , Qin Wei , Yang Lei , Yang Shuna , Li Yue , Hu Wenli 
Published: July 2021

Background and ObjectiveThe combination of neuroimaging and cognition characteristics may provide complementary information for early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to establish the clinical relevance between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden and MCI and further explored the cognitive characteristics linked to CSVD applying a propensity score matching (PSM) approach.MethodsThe study was designed as a case–control study. All the subjects underwent the standard clinical assessments, neuropsychological testing battery (including global cognition, memory, executive function, and speed and motor control domains), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 1:2 nearest-neighbor matching approach without replacement was employed with a caliper of 0.15 in the PSM approach.ResultsA total of 84 MCI patients and 186 cognitively normal controls were included in this study. After PSM, 74 MCI patients and 129 controls were successfully matched, and the covariate imbalance was well eliminated. Compared with controls, the MCI group had more severe CSVD burden. In the binary logistic regression analysis, CSVD was associated with MCI after adjusting for all confounders. The results of multivariate linear regression analyses showed that higher total MRI CSVD burden was related to the deficit of cognitive performance in global cognition and three important cognitive domains after adjusting for all confounders.ConclusionCerebral small vessel disease was an independent risk factor of MCI. Moreover, higher total MRI CSVD burden was associated with the overall cognitive impairment among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
Multi-Dimensional Diffusion Tensor Imaging Biomarkers for Cognitive Decline From the Preclinical Stage: A Study of Post-stroke Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Du Jing , Zhu Hong , Yu Ling , Lu Peiwen , Qiu Yage , Zhou Yan , Cao Wenwei , Lu Dong , Zhao Wei , Yang Jie , Sun Junfeng , Xu Qun 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: We aim to investigate whether multi-dimensional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures can sensitively identify different cognitive status of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and to explore the underlying pattern of white matter disruption in CSVD.Methods: Two hundred and two participants were recruited, composed of 99 CSVD patients with mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) and 60 with no cognitive impairment (NCI) and 43 healthy subjects as normal controls (NC). Full domain neuropsychological tests and diffusion-weighted imaging were performed on each subject. DTI metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), the skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), and structural brain network measures including network strength, global efficiency (EGlobal), and local efficiency (ELocal) were calculated. Region of interest (ROI) analysis of 42 white matter tracts was performed to examine the regional anatomical white matter disruption for each group.Results: Significant differences of multiple cognitive test scores across all cognitive domains especially processing and executive function existed among the three groups. DTI measures (FA, MD, and PSMD) showed significant group difference with the cognitive status changing. FA and EGlobal showed significant correlation with processing speed, executive function, and memory. ROI analysis found that white matter integrity impairment occurred from the preclinical stage of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) due to CSVD. These lesions in the NCI group mainly involved some longitudinal fibers such as right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-R), right superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO-R), and right uncinate fasciculus (UNC-R), which might be more vulnerable to the cerebrovascular aging and disease process.Conclusions: DTI measures are sensitive neuroimaging markers in detecting the early cognitive impairment and able to differentiate the different cognitive status due to CSVD. Subtle changes of some vulnerable white matter tracts may be observed from the preclinical stage of VCI and have a local to general spreading pattern during the disease progression.
Diagnosis of Acute Central Dizziness With Simple Clinical Information Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kim Bum Joon , Jang Su-Kyeong , Kim Yong-Hwan , Lee Eun-Jae , Chang Jun Young , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S. , Kang Dong-Wha 
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute dizziness is a common symptom among patients visiting emergency medical centers. Extensive neurological examinations aimed at delineating the cause of dizziness often require experience and specialized training. We tried to diagnose central dizziness by machine learning using only basic clinical information.Methods: Patients were enrolled who had visited an emergency medical center with acute dizziness and underwent diffusion-weighted imaging. The enrolled patients were dichotomized as either having central (with a corresponding central lesion) or non-central dizziness. We obtained patient demographics, risk factors, vital signs, and presentation (non-whirling type dizziness or vertigo). Various machine learning algorithms were used to predict central dizziness. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was measured to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value was used to explain the importance of each factor.Results: Of the 4,481 visits, 414 (9.2%) were determined as central dizziness. Central dizziness patients were more often older and male and had more risk factors and higher systolic blood pressure. They also presented more frequently with non-whirling type dizziness (79 vs. 54.4%) than non-central dizziness. Catboost model showed the highest AUROC (0.738) with a 94.4% sensitivity and 31.9% specificity in the test set (n = 1,317). The SHAP value was highest for previous stroke presence (mean; 0.74), followed by male (0.33), presentation as non-whirling type dizziness (0.30), and age (0.25).Conclusions: Machine learning is feasible for classifying central dizziness using demographics, risk factors, vital signs, and clinical dizziness presentation, which are obtainable at the triage.
Case Report: Dexmedetomidine for Intractable Clusters of Myoclonic Jerks and Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Progressive Encephalomyelitis With Rigidity and Myoclonus
Authors: Fujino Yuzo , Shiga Kensuke , Hori Masatoshi , Tamura Aiko , Iizuka Takahiro 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a severe form of stiff-person spectrum disorder characterized by painful spasms, myoclonic jerks, hyperekplexia, brainstem dysfunction, and dysautonomia, which is sometimes resistant to γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)-ergic agents. The response to immunotherapy varies depending on identified autoantibodies. We report a dramatic response to dexmedetomidine in a patient with glycine receptor (GlyR) antibody-positive PERM who developed intractable clusters of myoclonic jerks and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) that was highly refractory to conventional symptomatic treatment with GABAergic drugs and immunotherapy.Case Presentation: A 62-year-old Japanese man was transferred to our center for intermittent painful spasms that progressed in severity over the preceding 7 weeks. On admission, he had gaze-evoked nystagmus, and paroxysmal painful spasms/myoclonic jerks triggered by sound or touch. The myoclonic jerks rapidly worsened, along with the development of hyperekplexia, opisthotonus, and PSH, leading to prolonged apnea requiring mechanical ventilation. Brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed mild pleocytosis and oligoclonal bands. Surface electromyography confirmed simultaneous agonist-antagonist continuous motor unit activity. Based on the clinico-electrophysiological features, PERM was suspected. He was initially treated with intravenous steroids, immunoglobulin, benzodiazepines, and propofol, but the symptoms persisted. On day 9, he received a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, which resulted in dramatic reduction in the frequency of clusters of myoclonic jerks and PSH. The effect of dexmedetomidine was confirmed by surface electromyography. The addition of plasma exchange resulted in further clinical improvement. GlyR antibodies were identified in the CSF but not the serum, leading to the diagnosis of GlyR antibody-positive PERM.Conclusions: PERM is an immune-mediated disorder, but dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist, may alleviate paroxysmal symptoms by decreasing noradrenergic neuronal activity, resulting in attenuation of antibody-mediated disinhibited increased motor and sympathetic activity. Dexmedetomidine may be useful as an adjunctive symptomatic therapy in PERM and related disorders.