bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carrier particle size on enrichment and shift in nitrifier community behaviors for treating increased strength wastewater
Authors: Liu Fang , Hu Xiaomin , Zhao Xin , Gao Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn activated sludge systems, adding carriers can improve nitrifier enrichment. Different attachment area induced by different particle sizes of carriers may result in different nitrifier community. This research investigated the effect of different particle sizes of coal ash on nitrifier enrichment treating increased strength wastewater. Results indicated efficient nitrifying coal ash was obtained with smaller coal ash. The ammonia removal rates reached over 98%, which outclassed that in negative control (63.28%), and no nitrite accumulated in these systems under high nitrogen concentration of 1123.35 mg N/L. The high‐throughput sequencing assays indicated carriers changed the microbial community structure significantly, thus facilitated the nitrification capacity. Increase abundance of nitrifier has a negative correlation with particle size of carriers.Nitrosomonasbecame the biggest beneficiary, which maximum composed 50.29% in fillers system and only 13.69% in negative control, whereas the number ofNitrobacter(less than 3.04%) became much lower than ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the shift of microbial structures, large number ofDokdonellafor instance, may guarantee the complete nitrification in systems with smaller carriers. Batch experiments showed a high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (4 mg/L) and slightly alkaline condition (pH 8.0) had a positive effect on nitrifying coal ash.Practitioner pointsThe increase size of nitrifier has a negative correlation with particle size of coal ash.The smaller coal ash reduces the adverse effect of high nitrogen on nitrification.The ammonia removal rate reached 99.82% with influent of 1123.35 mg/L in the smallest carriers system.
Immunohistochemical evidence for adult human neurogenesis in health and disease
Authors: Gault Natalie , Szele Francis G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPostnatal and adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and subgranular zone of animals such as rodents and non‐human primates has been observed with many different technical approaches. Since most techniques used in animals cannot be used in humans, the majority of human neurogenesis studies rely on postmortem immunohistochemistry. This technique is difficult in human tissue, due to poor and variable preservation of antigens and samples. Nevertheless, a survey of the literature reveals that most published studies provide evidence for childhood and adult neurogenesis in the human brain stem cell niches. There are some conflicting results even when assessing the same markers and when using the same antibodies. Focusing on immunohistochemical studies on post‐mortem human sections, we discuss the relative robustness of the literature on adult neurogenesis. We also discuss the response of the subventricular and subgranular zones to human disease, showing that the two niches can respond differently and that the stage of disease impacts neurogenesis levels. Thus, we highlight strong evidence for adult human neurogenesis, discuss other work that did not find it, describe obstacles in analysis, and offer other approaches to evaluate the neurogenic potential of the subventricular and subgranular zones of Homo sapiens.This article is categorized under:
Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
The difference-based equivalent static load method: an improvement of the ESL method’s nonlinear approximation quality
Authors: Triller J. , Immel R. , Timmer A. , Harzheim L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonlinear dynamic structural optimization is a real challenge, in particular for problems that require the use of explicit solvers, e.g., crash. Here, the number of design variables is typically very limited. A way to overcome this drawback is to use linear auxiliary load cases which are derived from nonlinear dynamic analysis results in order to enable the application of linear static response optimization. The equivalent static load method (ESLM) provides a well-defined procedure to create such linear auxiliary load cases. The main idea here is that after the selection of a number of representative time steps, a set of equivalent static loads (ESLs) is computed for each time step such that the resulting displacement field in the linear static analysis is identical to the respective field in the nonlinear dynamic analysis. Each set of ESLs defines an auxiliary load case, which is used in the linear static response optimization. The crucial point is that the finite element (FE)-model for each auxiliary load case describes the undeformed initial geometry. This can lead to insufficient approximation quality in the linear static system for highly nonlinear problems. To overcome this drawback, a difference-based extension of the ESL method called DiESL has been developed for nonlinear dynamic response optimization problems. Here, the FE-model for each auxiliary load case describes the deformed nonlinear geometry at the respective time, and the corresponding ESLs create only the displacement field leading to the deformed state of the subsequent ESL time step. Consequently, responses in each linear auxiliary load case (corresponding to a time step) are computed as the accumulated sum of the previous linear auxiliary load cases. Furthermore, the linear static response optimization problem consists not only of one but ofnTFE-models wherenTis the number of selected time steps. Such a multi-model optimization (MMO) can be solved with commercial FE solvers. It turns out that the DiESL approach leads to a significant improvement of the nonlinear approximation quality and faster convergence to the optimum when compared to standard ESLM. This will be demonstrated and discussed based on selected test examples.
Group matrix ring codes and constructions of self-dual codes
Authors: Dougherty S. T. , Korban Adrian , Şahinkaya Serap , Ustun Deniz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study codes generated by elements that come from group matrix rings. We present a matrix construction which we use to generate codes in two different ambient spaces: the matrix ring $$M_k(R)$$

M
k

(
R
)

and the ring R, where R is the commutative Frobenius ring. We show that codes over the ring $$M_k(R)$$

M
k

(
R
)

are one sided ideals in the group matrix ring $$M_k(R)G$$

M
k

(
R
)

G

and the corresponding codes over the ring R are $$G^k$$

G
k

-codes of length kn. Additionally, we give a generator matrix for self-dual codes, which consist of the mentioned above matrix construction. We employ this generator matrix to search for binary self-dual codes with parameters [72, 36, 12] and find new singly-even and doubly-even codes of this type. In particular, we construct 16 new Type I and 4 new Type II binary [72, 36, 12] self-dual codes.
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Repair: Customized Approach and Outcomes
Authors: Mathis Lauren , Crethers Danielle , Buckman Bert , Jensen Michael , Polimenakos Anastasios C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlternative options for the correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) have been proposed. Each can be associated with variable risk for dysrhythmias, caval or pulmonary venous (PV) obstruction. A selective customized strategy to address PAPVC taking into account atrial shunt (AS) and growth potential was pursued. Between September 2014 and August 2018 21 PAPVC patients were identified. Two levels of reference determined the chosen repair strategy; azygous vein (AzV) and cavoatrial junction (CAJ). Six (Group-A) with PAPVC entering SVC cephalad to AV underwent a combined in-situ cavoatrial autologous reconstruction with atrial appendage advancement flap (CARAF). PAPVC entering caudally to AzV (Group-B) underwent alternative repair (caval division/Warden-type or intraatrial rerouting) (n = 15). Age was 8.3 (IQR:4.2–18.5) years for Group-A (vs 11.9; IQR:8.8–34.7 in Group-B) (p = 0.07). In Group-A 5(83%) had AS (vs 12[80%] Group-B; p = 0.9). None had left SVC in Group-A (vs 1 in Group-B; p = 0.9). Preoperative advanced imaging and echocardiographic hemodynamic evaluation was undertaken. Follow-up was complete (median 2.9; IQR:1.2–3.7 years). Freedom from atrial dysrhythmias, caval or PV obstruction was assessed. There were no early or late deaths. ICU and hospital length of stay were 1.8 ± 1.1 and 3.2 ± 0.5 days, respectively. No atrial dysrhythmias occurred postoperatively in Group-A (vs 1 in Group-B; p = 0.9). No permanent pacemaker was implanted. All patients remained in normal sinus rhythm. There were no early or late caval/PV obstruction. A customized approach reserves the advantages of each technique tailored to patient’s needs. Expanding surgical capacity with favorable outlook for all PAPVC variations, irrespective of association with AS, can maximize efficiency and reproducibility paired with the lowest morbidity.
Analytical model for the depth progress of percussion drilling with ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Holder Daniel , Weber Rudolf , Graf Thomas , Onuseit Volkher , Brinkmeier David , Förster Daniel J. , Feuer Anne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA simplified analytical model is presented that predicts the depth progress during and the final hole depth obtained by laser percussion drilling in metals with ultrashort laser pulses. The model is based on the assumption that drilled microholes exhibit a conical shape and that the absorbed fluence linearly increases with the depth of the hole. The depth progress is calculated recursively based on the depth changes induced by the successive pulses. The experimental validation confirms the model and its assumptions for percussion drilling in stainless steel with picosecond pulses and different pulse energies.
Residual stresses in hot bulk formed parts: microscopic stress analysis for austenite-to-martensite phase transformation
Authors: Uebing Sonja , Brands Dominik , Scheunemann Lisa , Schröder Jörg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, the two-scale analysis of residual stress states in a hot bulk formed part with subsequent cooling in the framework of the$$\hbox {FE}^2$$FE2-method is presented. The induction of specific residual stress states in order to improve a component’s properties is an area of current research. In general, residual stresses can be induced inside a component in different ways, e.g., quenching, phase transformation in hot forming processes or dislocation movements. It is widely known that different types of residual stresses can be characterized based on the scale the type acts on. In addition to the macroscopic residual stress analysis, in which residual stresses of first type are considered, this contribution specifically analyzes the microscopic residual stress evolution as a consequence of the cooling of the component.
Effectiveness and tolerability of a squalane and dimethicone-based treatment for head lice
Authors: Martínez de Murguía Fernández Leticia , Puig Algora Gemma , Bajona Roig Marta , Bacchini Gabriela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHead lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are worldwide obligate human ectoparasites, with high implications in pediatrics. In Europe, first-line topical neurotoxic insecticidal therapeutic strategies are being replaced by topical physically acting agents as the first-choice treatment. Safety of the active ingredients and high efficacy in a one-time single-dose treatment with a brief treatment application time are key issues for consumer use and effective compliance. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro efficacy of a newly developed squalane and dimethicone-based pediculicidal formula, against motile head lice and eggs after 2 and 5 min immersion in the product, as well as its skin tolerance and acceptability under dermatological and pediatric expert control in children with atopic skin. The results indicate that at both time points, 100% mortality rate of head lice crawling stages and late-stage eggs was achieved. The formula was well tolerated and suitable for children with atopic skin from 12 months of age. Showing high in vitro efficacy and good skin acceptability, this solution is presented as a new safe alternative therapy for treatment of head lice infestations.
Treuhand transdisziplinär: Deformation, Disruption, Dynamik, Devaluation
Authors: Böick Marcus 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Geschichte des wirtschaftlichen Wiederaufbaus im post-sozialistischen Ostdeutschland nach 1990 ist vor allem mit der viel diskutierten Treuhandanstalt verbunden. Verschiedene Narrative beleuchten langfristige strukturelle Veränderungen, kurzfristige Brüche, mittelfristige Dynamiken sowie die Rahmung kultureller Reflexionen auf individueller oder kollektiver Ebene. Diese Muster könnten nicht nur helfen, heuristische Brücken zwischen verschiedenen Disziplinen wie Sozialwissenschaften, Ökonomie oder Geschichte in diesem neu aufkommenden Wissenschaftsbereich zu bauen, sondern auch dazu beitragen, diese Forschung in breitere Themen auf europäischer oder sogar globaler Ebene einzubetten.
Quantile-based optimal portfolio selection
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Lindholm Mathias , Thorsén Erik , Tyrcha Joanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper the concept of quantile-based optimal portfolio selection is introduced and a specific portfolio connected to it, the conditional value-of-return (CVoR) portfolio, is proposed. The CVoR is defined as the mean excess return or the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of the return distribution. The portfolio selection consists solely of quantile-based risk and return measures. Financial institutions that work in the context of Basel 4 use CVaR as a risk measure. In this regulatory framework sufficient and necessary conditions for optimality of the CVoR portfolio are provided under a general distributional assumption. Moreover, it is shown that the CVoR portfolio is mean-variance efficient when the returns are assumed to follow an elliptically contoured distribution. Under this assumption the closed-form expression for the weights and characteristics of the CVoR portfolio are obtained. Finally, the introduced methods are illustrated in an empirical study based on monthly data of returns on stocks included in the S&P index. It is shown that the new portfolio selection strategy outperforms several alternatives in terms of the final investor wealth.
The Use of the Intensive Longitudinal Methods to Study Financial Well-Being: A Scoping Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Sorgente Angela , Totenhagen Casey J. , Lanz Margherita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFinancial well-being is a positive financial condition that has an objective (e.g., income) and a subjective (e.g., financial satisfaction) side. Much research has examined financial well-being using cross-sectional and classic longitudinal designs. More recently, researchers have begun to examine financial well-being using intensive longitudinal designs, collecting data in a repeated (at least five measurements) and intensive (short time interval between measurements) way. The goal of the current study was to systematically review all published research on financial well-being using intensive longitudinal methods, summarize themes from this work, and suggest future research directions. Searching three databases (Scopus, PsycINFO, Econpapers), we found nine articles that respected inclusion and exclusion criteria. From each selected article, we extracted information about (1) research field diffusion, (2) data collection methods, (3) financial well-being’s definition and operationalization, (4) research questions addressed and (5) data analysis. Findings showed that most of the studies adopted an interval-contingent research design, collecting data once a day; that both the objective and subjective sides of the construct were assessed, and that, most of the time, the construct was conceptualized as financial stress (lack of financial well-being). Different kinds of research questions were addressed across studies and these were often analyzed using multilevel analysis. In the discussion section, future research directions are suggested.
Does Religion Influence the Motivations of Future Healthcare Professionals to Volunteer During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Domaradzki Jan , Walkowiak Dariusz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the relation between religion and the motivations of future healthcare professionals to volunteer during the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland. Data were collected from 417 healthcare students via an online questionnaire. The results indicated that although students’ religiosity was not a significant predictor of volunteering during the pandemic, it played a key role in determining their motivations to join the fight against COVID-19. There was a significant positive relationship between students’ religiosity and their eagerness to commit for the sake of the community rather than for personal or egoistic motives.
Transcriptome sequencing analysis of maize roots reveals the effects of substrate and root hair formation in a spatial context
Authors: Ganther Minh , Vetterlein Doris , Heintz-Buschart Anna , Tarkka Mika Tapio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Plant roots sense and respond to changes in their soil environment, but conversely contribute to rhizosphere organization through chemical, mechanical and biotic interactions. Transcriptomic profiling of plant roots can be used to assess how the plant adjusts its gene expression in relation to environment, genotype and rhizosphere processes; thus enabling us to achieve a better understanding of root-soil interactions.

Methods
We used a standardized soil column experimental platform to investigate the impact of soil texture (loam, sand) and root hair formation (wildtype, root hair defective rth3 mutant) in a spatial context (three sampling depths) and assessed maize root transcriptomic profiles using next-generation RNA sequencing.

Results
Substrate induced the largest changes in root gene expression patterns, affecting gene functions related to immunity, stress, growth and water uptake. Genes with column depth-related expression levels were associated with growth and plant defense. The influence of root hairs mainly manifested in differential expression of epidermal cell differentiation and cell wall organization, and defense response-related genes. Substrate type strongly modified the transcriptomic patterns related to column depth and root hair elongation, highlighting the strong impact of soil texture.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that substrate, sampling depth and plant genotype interactively affect maize gene expression, and suggest feedback processes between the plant, the soil and the microbiome. The obtained results form a foundational basis for the integration and interpretation of future experiments utilizing the same experimental platform.
Législation pénale à l’époque stalinienne en Pologne—analyse jurilinguistique
Authors: Pieprzyca Piotr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractL’article aborde la problématique des actes normatifs de droit pénal adoptés en Pologne dans les années 1944–1956. L’auteur essaie de répondre à la question : comment le régime politique et l’idéologie stalinienne ont-ils influencé la manière de rédiger les textes juridiques de cette branche du droit lors des plus grandes répressions par le pouvoir d’après-guerre en Pologne ? À partir de 1944, le droit pénal a été adapté aux besoins des autorités communistes, contrôlées par l’Union soviétique. Dans la période analysée, on a introduit en Pologne plus de cent actes normatifs englobant des dispositions pénales. L’idéologisation du droit pénal est visible dans toutes les parties des actes normatifs : titres, préambules et dispositions juridiques. On retrouve dans leur contenu les valeurs politiques, économiques et sociales fondamentales pour l’idéologie du stalinisme, dont les thèses ont été mises en œuvre en Pologne après la fin de l’occupation allemande.
Earth’s Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles
Authors: Halama Ralf , Bebout Gray 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the Earth’s geological nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles is fundamental for assessing the distribution of these volatiles between solid Earth (core, mantle and crust), oceans and atmosphere. This Special Communication about the Earth’s N and C cycles contains material that is relevant for researchers who are interested in the Topical Collection on planetary evolution “Reading Terrestrial Planet Evolution in Isotopes and Element Measurements”. Variations in the fluxes of N and C between these major reservoirs through geological time influenced the evolution and determined the unique composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. Here we review several key geological aspects of the N and C cycles of which our understanding has significantly advanced during the last decade through field-based, experimental and theoretical studies. Subduction zones are the most important pathway of both N and C from the Earth’s surface into the deep Earth. A key question in the flux quantification is how much of the volatile elements is stored in the downgoing slab and introduced into the mantle and how much is returned back to the surface and the atmosphere through arc magmatism. For N, the retention of N as $\text{NH}_{4}^{+}$

NH
4
+

in minerals has a major influence on fluxes between reservoirs. The temperature-dependent stability of $\text{NH}_{4}^{+}$

NH
4
+

-bearing minerals determines whether N is predominantly retained in the slab to mantle depths (in subduction zones with a low geothermal gradient) or devolatilized (in subduction zones with a high geothermal gradient). Several lines of evidence suggest that the mantle is regassing with respect to N due to a net influx of subducted N over time, but this issue is highly debated and evidence to the contrary also exists. Nevertheless, there is consensus that the majority of the planetary N budget is stored in the Earth’s mantle, with the continental crust also constituting a significant N reservoir. For C, release from the subducting slab occurs through decarbonation reactions, dissolution and formation of carbonatitic liquids, but reprecipitation of C in the slab or the forearc mantle wedge may limit the effectiveness of direct return of C into the atmosphere. Carbon release through regional metamorphism in collision zone orogens also has potentially profound effects on C release into the atmosphere and consensus has emerged that such orogens are sources rather than sinks of atmospheric CO2. On shorter timescales, contact metamorphism through interaction of mantle-derived magmas with C-bearing country rocks, and the resulting release of large quantities of CH4 and/or CO2, has been linked to global warming events.