bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanggung Jawab Pengembang Terhadap Kualitas Bangunan Yang Telah Terjual di Kota Makassar
Authors: Arsy Muhammad , Buana Andika Prawira 
Published: November 2021

Tanggung jawab pengembang terhadap kualitas bangunan perumahan yang telah terjual di Kota Makassar, Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bentuk tanggung jawab developer terhadap kualitas bangunan rumah yang telah terjual dan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli rumah yang merupakan produk dari perusahaan developer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative empiric, yaitu penelitian hukum yang objek kajiannya meliputi ketentuan-ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan serta penerapannya pada peristiwa hukum. Metode pengambilan data dan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah menggunakan teknik wawancara, yaitu melakukan tanya jawab secara langsung kepada informan yang dilakukan oleh penulis kepada objek penelitian yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk tanggung jawab developer terhadap bangunan rumah yang telah diberikan oleh perusahaan developer selama 30-100 hari yang disebut dengan masa pemeliharaan. Namun, dalam peraturan perundang-undangan ditetapkan bahwa tanggung jawab dengan masa pemeliharaan bangunan/rumah yang telah dibeli perlu adanya suatu penilai ahli yang independen dalam menentukan suatu kegagalan bangunan akibat kesalahan dari tahap perencanaan, pembangunan, atau pengawasan.
Abstract
The liability of the developer on the quality of the housing buildings sold in Makassar City. This research aimed (1) to investigate the liability of the developer about the quality of the gouse building having sold: and (2) to investigate the form of illegal liability for the buyers of the house which were the products of the developer company. The research was a legal normative and impirical research, i.e. the legal research of which the objects of studi included the statemen of the regulation of the law and their application in the legal events. The metods of data celections and legal materials used the thecniques of inetrviews with the research object about the problems researched on. The research results indicated that the liability of the developer about the building quality of the house which had been sold was shown by the developer’company in 30 to 100 days called the maintenance priod. However, in regulation of the law it was stated that the liability over the building quality was 10 years the longes. Meanwhile, the legal protections should be given to the buyers of the houses when the building quality of the purchased house decreased by the independent evaluators consisting of experts who should determine if a vuilding failure had happened as the results of the mistakes in the stages of palning, construction, or supervision.
Pemalsuan Surat dalam Arti Formil dan Materil Beserta Akibat Hukumnya
Authors: Rahim Abdul , Rahim Muhammad Ibnu Fajar 
Published: November 2021

Delik pemalsuan surat merupakan kejahatan yang klasik namun masih menghiasi statistik kejahatan di Indonesia. Realistasnya sebagai tindak pidana yang eksis, masih terdapat perbedaan penafsiran terhadap makna unsur dalam delik pemalsuan surat. Hal tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian bagi penegak hukum dalam menerapkan delik pemalsuan surat terhadap peristiwa hukum konkrit. Sehingga diperlukan pemahaman yang jelas terhadap makna dan bentuk-bentuk delik pemalsuan surat yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan terhadap bentuk pemalsuan surat dalam arti formil dan materil beserta akibat hukumnya, sehingga dapat membantu penegak hukum dalam menerapkan delik pemalsuan surat terhadap peristiwa hukum konkrit.
Abstract:Letter forgery is a classic crime but still adorns crime statistics in Indonesia. As a criminal offense that still exists, there are still different interpretations in the meaning of the elements in the letter forgery crime. This creates uncertainty for law enforcers in applying the article of letter forgery crime against concrete legal events. Thus, a clear understanding and form of the letter forgery crimes regulated in the Criminal Code are required. This paper aims to provide an explanation of the form of letter forgery in a formal and material sense and its legal consequences so that it can assist law enforcers in implementing the right letter forgery article against concrete legal events.
A comparison of cleavage-stage embryo transfer and blastocyst transfers in patients with low anti-Mullerian hormone levels
Authors: DOKUZEYLÜL GÜNGÖR Nur , GÜRBÜZ Tuğba , YURCİ Arzu 
Published: November 2021

Aim: Decreased ovarian reserve is a common problem that many women struggle with and seek help by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Embryo transfer (ET) is an important step in ART that can be performed on cleavage-stage (day 2 or 3) or blastocyst stage (day 5 or 6). This study aims to investigate the effect of ET day on pregnancy results in patients with low levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH).
Material and Method: This retrospective study enrolled 239 women with low AMH levels referred to the Bahçeşehir University, Göztepe Medikal Park Hospital In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) Clinic from May 2015 to April 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: blastocyst transfer group and cleavage-stage transfer group. Among the participants, blastocyst transfer was performed in 30 women and cleavage-stage ET on 209 women,respectively.
Results: Among 239 participants, 30 (12.6%) were in the blastocyst group, and 209 (87.4%) were in the cleavage-stage group. There was no significant difference in the total number of retrieved oocytes between the two groups (p=0.1). The number of mature oocytes (MII) was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.006). Examining pregnancy results between the two groups showed no significant difference between positive and negative pregnancy tests (p=0.4). Even though a higher live birth rate for the blastocyst transfer group was observed with 15(50%), no significant difference was found between the number of live births and miscarriages in the two groups (p=0.1).
Conclusion: The transfer day does not affect the pregnancy results in women with low AMH levels.
Association between serum ferritin level and thyroid hormones in hypothyroid pediatric patients
Authors: ALPCAN Ayşegül , KANDUR Yaşar , TURSUN Serkan , ALBAYRAK Meryem , TÖREL ERGÜR Ayça 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the iron store status in patients with hypothyroidism due Hashimoto thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were followed up at our university hospital with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism between 2010-2021.
Results: Nineteen patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis, 17 with subclinical hypothyroidism, and 20 controls were enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference in mean age among three groups (138.3±46.8 months, 116.0±68.1 months, 151.8±50.3 months in groups of Hashimoto thyroiditis, subclinical hypothyroidism and controls respectively p=0.169) . There was a significant female preponderance in HT group (68.5%, p=0.001). There was no significant difference for mean ferritin levels among groups (p=0.440). There was no correlation between TSH and ferritin level (r=-0.132, p=0.410) but we found a positive correlation between ferritin and free T4 level (r=0.340, p=0.030).
Conclusion: We found a positive relationship between ferritin and thyroxine hormone that made us think that iron supplementation may be effective in the treatment of hypothyroidism. But this hypothesis warrants further prospective and experimental studies.
Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory risk factors for predicting admission to intensive care unit in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency department
Authors: GÜNGÖRER Bülent 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused very significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Predicting the need for intensive care in these patients is important in terms of proper planning of health services and developing cost-effective management strategies. In this study, we sough to investigate the predictability of whether patients with COVID-19 would need intensive care by looking at some clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters.
Material and Method: All of the patients who applied to the adult emergency department of our hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and were hospitalized were included in the study. The age, physical examination findings, comorbidities, and first laboratory parameters of the patients admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A multivarible logistic regression model was constructed to determine the significant predictors of admission to ICU.
Results: A total of 1,005 patients were included in the study. Logistic regression analyses revealed that age (OR: 1.094, p
Astrometric Observations of a Near-Earth Object Using the Image Fusion Technique
Authors: Zhang Yigong , Wang Jiancheng , Su Jie , Cheng Xiangming , Zhang Zhenjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The precise astrometric observation of small near-Earth objects (NEOs) is an important observational research topic in the astrometric discipline, which greatly promotes multidisciplinary research, such as the origin and evolution of the solar system, the detection and early warning of small NEOs, and deep-space navigation. The characteristics of small NEOs, such as faintness and fast moving speed, restrict the accuracy and precision of their astrometric observations. In the paper, we present a method to improve the accurate and precise astrometric positions of NEOs based on image fusion technique. The noise analysis and astrometric test from the observed images of the open cluster M23 are given. Using the image fusion technique, we obtain the sets of superimposed images and original images containing reference stars and moving targets, respectively. The final fused image set includes background stars with high signal-to-noise ratios and ideal NEO images simultaneously and avoids the saturation of background stars. Using the fused images, we can reduce the influence of telescope tracking and NEO ephemeris errors on astrometric observations, and our results indicate that the accuracy and precision of NEO Eros astrometry are improved obviously after we choose suitable image fuse mode.
Multidimensional Radiative Transfer Calculations of Double Detonations of Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarfs
Authors: Shen Ken J. , Boos Samuel J. , Townsley Dean M. , Kasen Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Study of the double-detonation Type Ia supernova scenario, in which a helium-shell detonation triggers a carbon-core detonation in a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (WD), has experienced a resurgence in the past decade. New evolutionary scenarios and a better understanding of which nuclear reactions are essential have allowed for successful explosions in WDs with much thinner helium shells than in the original, decades-old incarnation of the double-detonation scenario. In this paper, we present the first suite of light curves and spectra from multidimensional radiative transfer calculations of thin-shell double-detonation models, exploring a range of WD and helium-shell masses. We find broad agreement with the observed light curves and spectra of nonpeculiar Type Ia supernovae, from subluminous to overluminous subtypes, providing evidence that double detonations of sub-Chandrasekhar-mass WDs produce the bulk of observed Type Ia supernovae. Some discrepancies in spectral velocities and colors persist, but these may be brought into agreement by future calculations that include more accurate initial conditions and radiation transport physics.
Magnetic Field Generation by Charge Exchange in a Supernova Remnant in the Early Universe
Authors: Kashiwamura Shuhei , Ohira Yutaka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present new-generation mechanisms of magnetic fields in supernova remnant shocks propagating to partially ionized plasmas in the early universe. Upstream plasmas are dissipated at the collisionless shock, but hydrogen atoms are not dissipated because they do not interact with electromagnetic fields. After the hydrogen atoms are ionized in the shock downstream region, they become cold proton beams that induce the electron return current. The injection of the beam protons can be interpreted as an external force acting on the downstream proton plasma. We show that the effective external force and the electron return current can generate magnetic fields without any seed magnetic fields. The magnetic field strength is estimated to be

B
∼

10

−
14

–

10

−
11

G

, where the characteristic length scale is the mean free path of charge exchange,

∼

10

15

cm

. Since protons are marginally magnetized by the generated magnetic field in the downstream region, the magnetic field could be amplified to larger values and stretched to larger scales by turbulent dynamo and expansion.
The First Detection of CH2CN in a Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Canta Alessandra , Teague Richard , Le Gal Romane , Öberg Karin I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report the first detection of the molecule cyanomethyl, CH2CN, in a protoplanetary disk. Until now, CH2CN had only been observed at earlier evolutionary stages, in the molecular clouds TMC-1, Sgr2, and L483, in the prestellar core L1544, and toward the protostar L1527. We detect six transitions of ortho-CH2CN toward the disk around nearby T Tauri star TW Hya. An excitation analysis reveals that the disk-averaged column density,
N
, for ortho-CH2CN is (6.3 ± 0.5) × 1012 cm−2, which is rescaled to reflect a 3:1 ortho-para ratio, resulting in a total column density,
N

tot, of (8.4 ± 0.7) × 1012 cm−2. We calculate a disk-average rotational temperature,
T

rot = 40 ± 5 K, while a radially resolved analysis shows that
T

rot remains relatively constant across the radius of the disk. This high rotation temperature suggests that in a static disk and if vertical mixing can be neglected, CH2CN is largely formed through gas-phase reactions in the upper layers of the disk, rather than solid-state reactions on the surface of grains in the disk midplane. The integrated intensity radial profiles show a ring structure consistent with molecules such as CN and DCN. We note that this is also consistent with previous lower-resolution observations of centrally peaked CH3CN emission toward the TW Hya disks, since the observed emission gap disappears when convolving our observations with a larger beam size. We obtain a CH2CN/CH3CN ratio ranging between 4 and 10. This high CH2CN/CH3CN is reproduced in a representative chemical model of the TW Hya disk that employs standard static disk chemistry model assumptions, i.e., without any additional tuning.
Number of Sunspot Groups and Individual Sunspots Recorded by Tevel for the Period 1816–1836 in the Dalton Minimum
Authors: Carrasco V. M. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cornelis Tevel made sunspot observations during the period 1816–1836, including the Dalton Minimum. In this work, the first revision of these observations since Wolf incorporated them into his database is presented. On the one hand, the number of individual sunspots from Tevel’s drawings was counted. This is of special interest for the sunspot number reconstruction because this kind of information is not as common in historical sunspot records as the number of groups. Thus, Tevel could be considered for the future reconstruction of the sunspot number index. On the other hand, the number of groups counted according to modern sunspot group classifications finding significant misinterpretations with the number of groups assigned to Tevel in the existing databases. Tevel was a relevant sunspot observer in the Dalton Minimum. In fact, he was the observer with the highest number of groups observed in Solar Cycles 6 and 7 according to the existing sunspot group number databases. According to the raw group number recount in this work, the maximum amplitudes for Solar Cycles 6 and 7 are, respectively, 27% and 7% lower than those previously determined. Moreover, Solar Cycle 6 is the weakest solar cycle since the Maunder Minimum after applying these new counts. Group counts from Tevel’s observations were compared with those from relevant contemporary astronomers, demonstrating that Schwabe and Tevel systematically recorded a higher number of groups than Flaugergues and Derfflinger. In addition, sunspot areas and positions recorded by Tevel should be used with caution for scientific purposes.
Nonrelativistic Electron–Ion Bremsstrahlung: An Approximate Formula for All Parameters
Authors: Pradler Josef , Semmelrock Lukas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The evaluation of the electron–ion bremsstrahlung cross section—exact to all orders in the Coulomb potential—is computationally expensive due to the appearance of hypergeometric functions. Therefore, tabulations are widely used. Here, we provide an approximate formula for the nonrelativistic dipole process valid for all applicable relative velocities and photon energies. Its validity spans from the Born to the classical regime and from soft-photon emission to the kinematic endpoint. The error remains below 3% (and widely below 1%) except at an isolated region of hard-photon emission at the quantum-to-classical crossover. We use the formula to obtain the thermally averaged emission spectrum and cooling function in a Maxwellian plasma and demonstrate that they are accurate to better than 2%.
Discovery of Extraplanar H i Clouds and a H i Tail in the M101 Galaxy Group with FAST
Authors: Xu Jin-Long , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Yu Naiping , Zhu Ming , Jiang Peng , Wang Jie , Guan Xin , Liu Xiao-Lan , Liang Xiaolian ,   the FAST Collaboration
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a new high-sensitivity H i observation toward nearby spiral galaxy M101 and its adjacent 2° × 2° region using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). From the observation, we detect a more extended and asymmetric H i disk around M101. While the H i velocity field within the M101's optical disk region is regular, indicating that the relatively strong disturbance occurs in its outer disk. Moreover, we identify three new H i clouds located on the southern edge of the M101's H i disk. The masses of the three H i clouds are 1.3 × 107
M
⊙, 2.4 × 107
M
⊙, and 2.0 × 107
M
⊙, respectively. The H i clouds similar to dwarf companion NGC 5477 rotate with the H i disk of M101. Unlike NGC 5477, they have no optical counterparts. Furthermore, we detect a new H i tail in the extended H i disk of M101. The H i tail detected gives reliable evidence for M101 interaction with the dwarf companion NGC 5474. We argue that the extraplanar gas (three H i clouds) and the H i tail detected in the M101's disk may originate from a minor interaction with NGC 5474.
Multiwavelength Emission from Magnetically Arrested Disks around Isolated Black Holes
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Kashiyama Kazumi , Hotokezaka Kenta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We discuss the prospects for identifying the nearest isolated black holes (IBHs) in our Galaxy. IBHs accreting gas from the interstellar medium likely form magnetically arrested disks (MADs). We show that thermal electrons in the MADs emit optical signals through the thermal synchrotron process while nonthermal electrons accelerated via magnetic reconnections emit a flat-spectrum synchrotron radiation in the X-ray to MeV gamma-ray ranges. The Gaia catalog will include at most a thousand IBHs within ≲1 kpc that are distributed on and around the cooling sequence of white dwarfs (WDs) in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. These IBH candidates should also be detected by eROSITA, with which they can be distinguished from isolated WDs and neutron stars. Follow-up observations with hard X-ray and MeV gamma-ray satellites will be useful to unambiguously identify IBHs.
Impact of Switchbacks on Turbulent Cascade and Energy Transfer Rate in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Hernández Carlos S. , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Chasapis Alexandros , Vásconez Christian L. , Marino Raffaele , Pezzi Oreste 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of inner heliospheric plasma have shown an abundant presence of Alfvénic polarity reversal of the magnetic field, known as “switchbacks.” While their origin is still debated, their role in driving the solar wind turbulence has been suggested through analysis of the spectral properties of magnetic fluctuations. Here, we provide a complementary assessment of their role in the turbulent cascade. The validation of the third-order linear scaling of velocity and magnetic fluctuations in intervals characterized by a high occurrence of switchbacks suggests that, irrespective of their local or remote origin, these structures are actively embedded in the turbulent cascade, at least at the radial distances sampled by PSP during its first perihelion. The stronger positive energy transfer rate observed in periods with a predominance of switchbacks indicates that they act as a mechanism injecting additional energy in the turbulence cascade.
The extremely high diversity of Collembola in relict forests of Primorskii Krai of Russia
Authors: Kuznetsova Nataliya , Bokova Anna , Kuprin Alexander , Potapov Mikhail , Shveenkova Yulia , Ivanova Natalya 
Published: November 2021

The diversity of soil animals of relict forest ecosystems in East Asia continues to be insufficiently studied and almost not represented in international databases, including GBIF. This article is based on 7550 records of 175 species which were collected in Ussuriiskii, Sikhote-Alinskii and Kedrovaya Pad’ natural reserves of Russian Far East in 2016–2017. A multi-scale sampling design allowed us to estimate population densities and local species richness of Collembola at areas of different sizes. The work continues the digitization of the collections of the Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPSU) and their publication through GBIF.org, which began in 2019. This article is based on original data including 2377 specimens of springtails from eight forests and 648 soil cores.Within the framework of modern taxonomy, this work represents the first publication of lists of Collembola species of forests of Primorsky Krai. The work focused on the relict protected cedar-deciduous forests. Nine species new to science were described and data on the fauna of the region were significantly revised. Considerable contribution was made to the biogeography of Collembola of East Asia. The design of the sampling allowed us to draw conclusions about the species saturation of springtails at various spatial scales within the habitat: from a few square cm to 100 sq. m. Number of species reached record high values reflecting the benchmark state of Collembola communities of undisturbed old temperate forest ecosystems.