bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise therapy for the treatment of tendinopathies: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Alexander Lyndsay A. , Morrissey Dylan , Swinton Paul , Maclean Colin , Harrison Isabelle , Cooper Kay 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of the review is to provide a map of exercise interventions and outcomes that have been reported for the treatment of any tendinopathy.

Introduction:
Tendinopathy is a common condition that affects athletic and non-athletic populations. Exercise is the mainstay of conservative management of tendinopathy, and a range of different exercise types are recommended. There is a significant body of literature on exercise for tendinopathy, but to date no scoping review has provided a clear map of interventions used and outcomes reported in the literature.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include people of any age or gender with a diagnosis of tendinopathy of any severity or duration at any anatomical location. We will exclude full-thickness/massive tears and plantar fasciitis. The exercise therapy may take place at any location, including hospital, community, or people's homes, and may be supervised or unsupervised. We will include systematic reviews, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies conducted in any developed nation.

Methods:
We will search MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Epistemonikos, four trial registries, and six gray literature databases. We will use Scopus to search for cited/citing articles from included studies and will perform hand searching where relevant. We will include literature from 1998 to 2020 in any language for which we can access translation. Studies will be screened by two independent reviewers at title/abstract and full-text screening stages; a third reviewer will resolve conflicts. Data will be extracted into a bespoke charting form and will be presented as figures/tables with accompanying narrative.
Adverse events from nitrate administration during right ventricular myocardial infarction: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wilkinson-Stokes Matt , Colbeck Marc , Stewart Scott 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This systematic review will aim to summarize and evaluate the literature describing the evidence regarding adverse events from the administration of nitrates during right ventricular myocardial infarction.

Introduction:
Withholding nitrates in the setting of right ventricular myocardial infarction is currently recommended by the American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, and in the Australian Journal of General Practice, due to the risk that decreasing preload in the setting of already compromised right ventricular ejection fraction may reduce cardiac output and precipitate hypotension or exacerbate cardiogenic shock. The original evidence from 1989 underpinning these recommendations displays methodological weaknesses including low sample size and confounding interventions. More recent and comprehensive research from 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2019 conflicts with the conclusions from the 1989 study, suggesting instead that nitrate administration during right ventricular myocardial infarction results in no significant difference in the rate of adverse events. The combination of recommended practice based on 30-year-old evidence and the emergence of recent challenging evidence suggest that this topic merits systematic review.

Inclusion criteria:
The study will include both experimental and observational (descriptive and analytical) study designs that discuss the occurrence of adverse events from the administration of nitrates during a known right ventricular myocardial infarction.

Methods:
Six databases will be systematically searched: the Cochrane CENTRAL Register, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Identified studies will be independently assessed for inclusion by two investigators using JBI critical appraisal tools. Data will be extracted for narrative and tabular synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020172839
Diagnostic accuracy of [-2]proPSA versus Gleason score and Prostate Health Index versus Gleason score for the determination of aggressive prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Anyango Ruth , Ojwando Joel , Mwita Clifford , Mugalo Edward 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of [-2]proPSA (p2PSA) and the Prostate Health Index compared to the Gleason score in determining the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. However, the utility of currently available biomarkers for determining the aggressive form of the disease remains unknown. This review sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of two new biomarkers in determining the aggressive form of prostate cancer.

Inclusion criteria:
Diagnostic accuracy studies that enrolled men of any age and any prostate specific antigen (PSA) level with histologically confirmed prostate cancer in which Prostate Health Index and p2PSA were assessed in comparison to Gleason score for the determination of aggressive prostate cancer were considered for inclusion. There was no time limitation on study inclusion.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy was utilized to identify both published and unpublished studies in the English language in the following sources: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, MedNar, and SIGLE. Databases were searched from inception to January 2019. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis were done according to the approach recommended by JBI.

Results:
A total of 12 studies (n = 8462) that recruited men with aggressive prostate cancer were considered in this review. The majority of included subjects had a total PSA level of 2 to 10ng/mL. The sensitivity of the Prostate Health Index ranged from 67% to 97% while specificity ranged from 6% to 64%. At a Prostate Health Index threshold of 25 and below (three studies, n = 3222), pooled sensitivity was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95% to 98%) and specificity was 10% (95% CI, 6% to 16%). At a Prostate Health Index threshold of between 26 and 35 (six studies, n = 6030), pooled sensitivity was 87% (95% CI, 8% to 91%) and specificity was 45% (95% CI, 39% to 50%). At a Prostate Health Index threshold of 36 and above (five studies, n = 1476), pooled sensitivity was 72% (95% CI, 64% to 79%) and specificity was 74% (95% CI, 68% to 80%). Only one study assessed p2PSA. Sensitivity ranged from 80% to 95%, and specificity ranged from 9.9% to 27.9% with increasing threshold values from 7.9 to 10.9ng/mL.

Conclusions:
Overall, both Prostate Health Index and p2PSA have acceptable accuracy for the determination of the likelihood of aggressive prostate cancer. However, the inverse relationship between sensitivity and specificity makes it difficult to determine an optimum cut-off value for positivity. Further research is warranted to determine their utility in the management of prostate cancer.
A Geometrically Inspired Model for Brittle Damage in Compressible Elastomers
Authors: Das Sanhita , Sharma Shubham , Ramaswamy Ananth , Roy Debasish , Reddy J. N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Regularized continuum damage models such as those based on an order parameter (phase field) have been extensively used to characterize brittle damage of compressible elastomers. However, the prescription of the surface integral and the degradation function for stiffness lacks a physical basis. In this article, we propose a continuum damage model that draws upon the postulate that a damaged material could be mathematically described as a Riemannian manifold. Working within this framework with a well-defined Riemannian metric designed to capture features of isotropic damage, we prescribe a scheme to prevent damage evolution under pure compression. The result is a substantively reduced stiffness degradation due to damage before the peak response and a faster convergence rate with the length scale parameter in comparison with a second-order phase field formulation that involves a quadratic degradation function. We also validate this model using results of tensile experiments on double notched plates.
Topological Design of Freely Vibrating Bi-Material Structures to Achieve the Maximum Band Gap Centering at a Specified Frequency
Authors: Liu Pai , Zhang Xiaopeng , Luo Yangjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe topological design of structures to avoid vibration resonance for a certain external excitation frequency is often desired. This paper considers the topology optimization of freely vibrating bi-material structures with fixed/varying attached mass positions, targeting at maximizing the frequency band gap centering at a specified frequency. A band gap measure index is proposed to measure the size of the band gap with a specified center frequency. Aiming at maximizing this measure index, the topology optimization problem is formulated on the basis of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) method, which greatly reduces the number of design variables and at the same time keeps the capability to describe relatively complex structural topologies with clear boundaries. As the considered optimization problem is highly non-linear and may yield multiple local minima, a sequential Kriging-based optimization solution strategy is employed to effectively solve the optimization problem. This solution strategy exhibits a relatively strong global search capability and requires no sensitivity information. With the present topology optimization model and the gradient-free algorithm, relative large band gaps with specified center frequencies have been obtained for two-dimensional (2D) beams and three-dimensional (3D) plates, without specifying the frequency orders between which the desired band gap occurs in prior.
Description of Shapiro steps on the potential energy surface of a Frenkel–Kontorova model, Part II: free boundaries of the chain
Authors: Quapp W. , Bofill J. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explain Shapiro steps in a Frenkel–Kontorova (FK) model for a 1D chain of particles with free boundaries. The action of an external alternating force for the oscillating structure of the chain is important here. The different ’floors’ of the potential energy surface (PES) of this model play an important role. They are regions of kinks, double kinks, and so on. We will find out that the preferable movements are the sliding of kinks or antikinks through the chain. The more kinks / antikinks are included the higher is the ’floor’ through the PES. We find the Shapiro steps moving and oscillating anywhere between the floors. They start with a single jump over the highest SP in the global valley through the PES, like in part I of this series. They finish with complicated oscillations in the PES, for excitations directly over the critical depinning force. We use an FK model with free boundary conditions. In contrast to other results in the past, for this model, we obtain Shapiro steps in an unexpected, inverse sequence. We demonstrate Shapiro steps for a case with soft ’springs’ between an 8-particle FK chain.

Graphic abstract
Optomechanically induced transparency, amplification, and Fano resonance in a multimode optomechanical system with quadratic coupling
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Zhu Zhipeng , Cui Yuanshun , Yu Hualing , Jiang Cheng , Cao Xiufeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe explore the optical response of a multimode optomechanical system with quadratic coupling to a weak probe field, where the cavity is driven by a strong control field and the two movable membranes are, respectively, excited by weak coherent mechanical driving fields. We study the two cases that the two movable membranes are degenerate and nondegenerate. For the degenerate case, it is shown that only one transparency window occurs and the transition between optomechanically induced transparency and Fano resonance can be realized by tuning the cavity-control field detuning. For the nondegenerate case, two transparency windows are observed and the absorption spectrum can switch between a single Fano resonance and double Fano resonances. Furthermore, we show that the output probe field can be greatly amplified or completely suppressed due to the complex interference effect by tuning the amplitude and phase of the mechanical driving fields. Our results can be extended to the optomechanical system with multiple membranes, which enables us to control the light propagation more flexibly.
End Point Estimate of Littlewood-Paley Operator Associated to the Generalized Schrödinger Operator
Authors: Chen Yanping , Tao Wenyu 
Published: March 2021

Let

L
=
−
Δ
+
μ

be the generalized Schrödinger operator on

ℝ

d

,
d
≥
3
,

where

μ
≠
0

is a nonnegative Radon measure satisfying certain scale-invariant Kato conditions and doubling conditions. In this work, we give a new

BMO

space associated to the generalized Schrödinger operator

L
,
BM

O

θ
,
L

, which is bigger than the

BMO

spaces related to the classical Schrödinger operators

A
=
−
Δ
+
V

, with

V

a potential satisfying a reverse Hölder inequality introduced by Dziubański et al. in 2005. Besides, the boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley operators associated to

L

in

BM

O

θ
,
L

also be proved.
Segmental Cardiac Radiation Dose Determines Magnitude of Regional Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Trivedi Siddharth J. , Tang Simon , Byth Karen , Stefani Luke , Lo Queenie , Otton James , Jameson Michael , Tran David , Batumalai Vikneswary , Holloway Lois , Delaney Geoff P. , Koh Eng‐Siew , Thomas Liza 
Published: March 2021

Background
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction detected by 2‐dimensional global longitudinal strain post breast radiotherapy has been described in patients with breast cancer. We hypothesized that left ventricular dysfunction postradiotherapy may be site specific, based on differential segmental radiotherapy dose received.

Methods and Results
Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 months postradiotherapy on 61 chemotherapy‐naïve women with left‐sided breast cancer undergoing tangential breast radiotherapy. Radiation received within basal, mid, and apical regions for the 6 left ventricular walls was quantified from the radiotherapy treatment planning system. Anterior, anteroseptal, and anterolateral walls received the highest radiation doses, while inferolateral and inferior walls received the lowest. There was a progressive increase in the radiation dose received from basal to apical regions. At 6 weeks, the most significant percentage deterioration in strain was seen in the apical region, with greatest reductions in the anterior wall followed by the anteroseptal and anterolateral walls, with a similar pattern persisting at 12 months. There was a within‐patient dose–response association between the segment‐specific percentage deterioration in strain at 6 weeks and 12 months and the radiation dose received.

Conclusions
Radiotherapy for left‐sided breast cancer causes differential segmental dysfunction, with myocardial segments that receive the highest radiation dose demonstrating greatest strain impairment. Percentage deterioration in strain observed 6 weeks postradiotherapy persisted at 12 months and demonstrated a dose–response relationship with radiotherapy dose received. Radiotherapy‐induced subclinical cardiac dysfunction is of importance because it could be additive to chemotherapy‐related cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer. Long‐term outcomes in patients with asymptomatic strain reduction require further investigation.
The First Workers’ Government in History: Karl Marx’s Addenda to Lissagaray’s History of the Commune of 1871
Authors: Gaido Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Marxist circles it is common to refer to Karl Marx’s The Civil War in France for a theoretical analysis of the historical significance of the Paris Commune, and to Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray’s History of the Commune of 1871 for a description of the facts surrounding the insurrection of the Paris workers and its repression by the National Assembly led by Adolphe Thiers. What is less well-known is that Marx himself oversaw the German translation of Lissagaray’s book and made numerous additions to it. In this article we describe Marx’s addenda to Lissagaray’s work, showing how they contribute to concretising his analysis of the Paris Commune and how they relate to the split in the International Working Men’s Association between Marxists and anarchists that took place after the Commune’s defeat. We also show how Marx’s additions to the German version of Lissagaray’s book were linked to his involvement with the recently created Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany and to his criticism of the programme it had adopted at the congress celebrated in the city of Gotha.
Class, Assets and Work in Rentier Capitalism
Authors: Christophers Brett 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
‘Rentier capitalism’ is the term increasingly used to describe economies dominated by rentiers, rents, and rent-generating assets. A growing body of scholarship considers how the ownership of such assets by individuals and households is reshaping patterns of class and inequality and accordingly requires the reconceptualisation of the latter phenomena. The significance of company-owned assets and corporate rents for class, inequality and their conceptualisation has not been considered, however. This article offers an exploratory investigation along these lines, highlighting the importance of employees’ working relationship to company-owned, rent-generating assets for their class position. The article further reflects on how developments in this regard might be approached from the perspective of Marx’s writing on value, labour and class, and the challenges that those developments potentially pose to Marxian concepts.
The role of rurality on factors associated with major depressive episode screening among Brazilian adults in a national household survey
Authors: Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de , Caranha Nathalia Paz , Herkrath Fernando José 
Published: March 2021

Background: Worldwide, depression is one of the leading causes of disability, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate in Brazil the effect of living in rural or urban areas on the prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE), as well as the differences among associated factors in both contexts. Methods: Data from 60,202 adult residents from a household-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Brazil were analyzed. The prevalence of MDE, evaluated using PHQ-9, as well as the prevalence ratios between the categories of the independent variables were estimated. Multiple hierarchical Poisson regression analyses based on a theoretical model were reproduced for both rural and urban areas. Results: Residents of rural areas showed lower MDE prevalence (3.3% [95% CI: 2.9–3.9] vs. 4.2% [95% CI: 3.9–4.6], p < .05) and the effect of rurality remained even adjusted by potential confounders (PR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.7–0.9]). Better education, social network, and access to health services were protective factors for both rural and urban areas, while previous diagnosis of depression, chronic diseases, and obesity were risk factors. Living in the northern region, being indigenous, presenting higher income and number of goods were protective factors only in rural areas. In urban areas, being younger and having an occupation were protective factors, whereas female sex and having some disability were risk factors. Conclusions: Rural and urban areas differ not only in the prevalence of depression, but also in the way in which different factors influence its occurrence.
A comparative study of four diffusion-weighted imaging models in the diagnosis of cervical cancer
Authors: Song Jiao , Lu Yi , Wang Xue , Peng Wenwen , Lin Wenxiao , Hou Zujun , Yan Zhihan 
Published: March 2021

Background Most commonly used diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) models include intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), stretched exponential model (SEM), and mono-exponential model (MEM). Previous studies of the four models were inconsistent on which model was more effective in distinguishing cervical cancer from normal cervical tissue. Purpose To assess the performance of four DWI models in characterizing cervical cancer and normal cervical tissue. Material and Methods Forty-seven women with suspected cervical carcinoma underwent DWI using eight b-values before treatment. Imaging parameters, calculated using IVIM, SEM, DKI, and MEM, were compared between cervical cancer and normal cervical tissue. The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results All parameters except pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) differed significantly between cervical cancer and normal cervical tissue ( P < 0.001). Through logistic regression analysis, all combined models showed a significant improvement in area under the ROC curve (AUC) compared to individual DWI parameters. The model with combined IVIM parameters had a larger AUC value compared to those of other combined models ( P < 0.05). Conclusion All four DWI models are useful for differentiating cervical cancer from normal cervical tissue and IVIM may be the optimal model.
Investigating factors influencing quality-of-life effects of home care services in Austria, England and Finland: A comparative analysis
Authors: Trukeschitz Birgit , Hajji Assma , Kieninger Judith , Malley Juliette , Linnosmaa Ismo , Forder Julien 
Published: March 2021

European countries have developed a range of long-term care (LTC) policy responses to support the increasing share of older people. However, little is known about the effectiveness of LTC services and benefits, particularly their impact on older peoples’ quality of life (QoL). This paper investigates the role of personal, care service and environmental characteristics on the effects of home care services on QoL across England, Finland and Austria. We used data from surveys conducted in England, Finland and Austria. In total, 811 older adults were included in the analysis. OLS regression including main effects and country-specific interactions was used to explore variation in gains in long-term care service-related quality-of-life (LTC-QoL). Explanatory variables were derived from the production of welfare framework and comprised home care service user socio-demographics, needs indicators, social support and environmental variables and characteristics of home care service provision. In all three countries, LTC-QoL gains increased with needs, indicating that home care services perform well, with additional gains declining the higher the needs. Also, better process quality contributed to LTC-QoL improvements in all three countries. In addition, the availability of informal care, social contact, financial household situation and living alone, were associated with changes in LTC-QoL only in one or two of the countries. Home care services increased service users’ QoL in all three European countries. The increase in QoL, however, varied across the countries. The results also provide insights into the benefits and limits of home care service provision and areas for future improvements. JEL: I31, I38, J14