bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An immune system-based defence system of robot network security
Authors: He Hua , Zhu Zhiming , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
After millions of years of evolution, as the representative of the biological world, human beings have adapted well to the earth’s environment, including a wide variety of bacteria, chlamydia and viruses. Among them, the immune system plays a big role. But the immune system is also inadequate. For example, when dealing with old viruses, antibodies will gradually decrease or even disappear completely; what’s more, in the face of new viruses, the quantity of antibody production is not ideal, maybe even the virus engulfed immune cells. In view of this, this article draws on the human immune system and proposes an immune system-based defence system of robot network security taking advantage of machine learning.
Personalized recommendation algorithm based on online comment sentiment analysis
Authors: Lian Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence is one of the many branches of computer science. With the continuous development of information technology and computer networks, artificial intelligence technology has also received tremendous support and rapid development. In the computer field, recommendation systems can be said to be the most extensive and successful application of artificial intelligence technology. This paper focuses on the problems of cold start and low recommendation accuracy caused by sparse rating data in traditional recommendation systems, proposes a personalized recommendation algorithm based on online comment sentiment analysis. The algorithm uses feature-level sentiment analysis to mine user preference information implicit in comments, and finally implements recommendations based on user ratings and preference information. Experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively make up for the shortcomings of traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms, and is of great help in improving user cold start and the quality of recommendation results.
Intelligent Analysis and Research of M2M Technology Application Process
Authors: Li Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
M2M technology is to use different types of mechanical equipment and electronic equipment to establish communication and information exchange technology. M2M technology provides one of the integrated solutions of data acquisition, transmission, analysis and management for all walks of life, realizing the control process and more automation of industrial process. The main application fields include logistics management, positioning and navigation, electric power, agriculture, urban management, urban safety, enterprise safety, environmental protection, pollution monitoring, water and soil detection, production monitoring, equipment management.
Multi-task continuous learning model
Authors: Guo Zhengbing , Wang Meng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In continual learning, previous learned knowledge tends to be overlapped by the subsequent training tasks. This bottleneck, known as catastrophic forgetting (CF), has recently been relieved between vision tasks involving simple tasks. Nevertheless, the challenge lies in the continuous classification of the sequential sets discriminated by global transformations, such as excessively spatial rotations. Aiming at this, a novel strategy of dynamic memory routing is proposed to dominate the forward paths of capsule network (CapsNet) according to the current input sets. To recall previous knowledge, a binary routing table is maintained among these sequential tasks. Then, an increment procedure of competitive prototype clustering is integrated to update the routing of current task. Moreover, a sparsity measurement is employed to decouple the salient routing among the different learned tasks. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed memory network over the state-of-art approaches by the recalling evaluations on extended sets of SVHN, Cifar-100 and CelebA etc.
Crystalline Silicon vs. Amorphous Silicon: the Significance of Structural Differences in Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Kang H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Firstly, the paper briefly introduces the structure of crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and hydrogenated amorphous silicon and highlights the structural differences. Then, the paper presents a feature-by-feature based comparison between c-Si solar cells and a-Si solar cells. What roles different structures of silicon play in each PV characteristic are subsequently explored. In the end, based on these previously analyzed features, this paper further discusses circumstances in which the use of either c-Si or a-Si solar cells may be appropriate, the use of c-Si solar cells is more appropriate, and the use of a-Si solar cells is more appropriate. In short, the outstanding conversion efficiency and user-friendly cost of crystalline silicon solar cells prove successful, while the disturbing nature of amorphous silicon solar cells demonstrates several optical and electrical properties, like high absorption coefficient and Staebler-Wronski Effect, never before anticipated.
A Comparative Study on Carbon Footprints between Wheat Flour and Potato in China Considering the Nutrition Function of Foods
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Yang Xiaoke , Lin Jingwen , Xu Zhongyue , Chen Qiuhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The food production is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and it has attracted many researchers’ attention. In the present study, carbon footprints (CFs) of wheat-based foods and potato during cultivation, transportation, storage, and processing phases were investigated according to the LCA (life cycle assessment) principle. The results showed that wheat-based products were associated with much higher carbon emissions than potato per kilogram of edible portion. Cultivation phase is the most important stage, and carbon emissions per kg food increased with more machining process. For different carbon emission sources, fertilization, electricity use, and N2O emissions are the top three contributors. On the other hand, CFs of foods were evaluated based on carbohydrate based-, protein based-, fat based-, dietary fiber based-, and nutrient density based functional units. CF values of product per functional unit varied depending on the functional unit used. When the macro-nutrients were considered, the low-carbon emissions competitiveness of potato over wheat flour was reduced significantly. In this research, nutrient density used as the basis of functional unit could be more appropriate than individual nutrient alone to illustrate the environmental impacts of different foods. In summary, consumption of more standard grade flour and potato instead of tailared flour (grade one) could cut a considerable amount of GHG emissions in China.
Solar Wear Tattoo: Rethinking Design, Addressing Ecological Sustainability
Authors: Mendes V G , Kong M S M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental issues concern the sustainability of global resources, needed for the survival of human kind. Water is one of the main ecological concerns in terms of maintaining life on earth. Water, which is responsible for the existence of almost, if not, every lifeform on the planet, is also a resource that is widely affected by humanity’s industrial and manufacturing systems. The fashion industry is no exception and, like industrial productions in other areas, requires urgent action regarding the present problem, so that natural resources can be provided to future generations. Water consumed in the creation of materials and products is one concern. Another is the industrial print left on the water during the usage and washing processes on any kind of fashion apparel worn on an aquatic environment was taken into consideration and revised. Recent worldwide happenings brought an emphasis on the urgencies of water-saving. Its use is more wisely applied upon body hydration and hygiene, making it urgent to plan upon strategies of producing fashion products and apparel that provide an eco-friendly approach. Conclusions were drawn through the prospection of existing surfwear models available on today’s market, as well as an introspective revisiting upon the initial project plans compared with the new and more conscious planning towards ecology.
Analysis of catastrophic earthquake characteristics and countermeasures in China
Authors: Li Hong , Wang Feng , Zhang Huifeng , Cui Na , Zhong Puyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using the 2000-2020 Chinese earthquake disaster population death data as the research object, we conducted an analysis of the characteristics and causes of earthquake disaster population death in mainland China, and put forward targeted countermeasure suggestions for earthquake disaster mitigation.
Atmospheric tidal waves in the troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by Wuhan MST radar
Authors: Qing Haiyin , Zhao Zhengyu , Zhou Chen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the observation data of the Wuhan MST radar in the whole 2012 are used to make a statistical analysis on the low stratospheric and troposphere tidal waves. The results show that: (1) the diurnal tide is the strongest and most of the time at low levels of Sunday tide is stronger than the high tide of Sunday. (2) the amplitude of the tidal wave is not modulated by the fluctuation with a smaller time scale than their periods, and only these waves with a longer time scale than their periods can affect the variation of the amplitude of the tidal waves.
Bayesian estimation of scale factor for CG-5 relative gravimeter
Authors: Zheng Qiuyue , Liu Dong , Wang Linhai , Huang Jiangpei , Wang Qinghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The terrestrial time-variable microgravity survey is an important means to monitor geodynamic processes underground. The Scintrex CG-5 relative gravimeter, which is the mainstream instrument for terrestrial relative gravity measurement at present, its scale factor (SF) is an important factor affecting the quality of the observation data. Unlike the conventional gravity adjustment procedure, this study takes account of the nonlinear drift rate of the CG-5 gravimeter, depending on the known absolute gravity (AG) in the network, and the scale factor is considered as one of the hyper-parameters to be estimated by means of Akaike’s Bayesian information Criterion (ABIC). In order to quantify the errors caused by the bias of scale factor, we applied this new approach to process actual gravity survey campaign data in Yunnan gravity network from 2018 to 2020, then analyzed the residuals of gravity differences (GD) between station pairs and the difference of GD between two relative gravimeters (CG5 #1169 and CG5 #1170). The cross-validation of the absolute gravity (AG) from the quasi-synchronous observation in the network is also used in the paper. It has shown that this new approach is effective to improve the accuracy of scale factor and adjustment results.
Study of mechanical property of shear thickening fluid (STF) for soft body-armor
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Du Zhaofang , Fu Wentao , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
STFs have been widely used for soft body-armor because of STF reversible and repeatable thickening characteristics. However, shear thickening mechanism characterized by rheological properties cannot well explain thickening mechanism of STF against the penetrations and impacts. In this study, a cycle experiment of quasi-static squeeze and pull-out of STF by metal rod were carried out on the INSTRON. Effects of velocity, interface condition and boundary et al were discussed. Typical displacement-load curves show that STF thicken in the normal load when the rate reach critical value. Taking a pull-out experiment as example, force without thickening of STF is a constant value, about 1.5 N. The maximum force with thickening of STF is about 150 N, which increases 100 times due to the thickening of STF. A simple simulation of clustering behavior of nano-particles in STFs in the squeeze process is depicted. The experiment and simulation studies have proved that SiO2 nano-particles in STF will rearranged to cause a jammed zone in the normal load.
Microstructural and mechanical investigation of brazing 304L Stainless Steel with corner joint using a Ni-based shim and wire
Authors: Mohammad Soltani Hedayat , Tayebi Morteza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigated a suitable filler metal, diffusion depth of the elements of this filler metal in the base metal, and its effect on the mechanical properties of brazing bonding of sheets with different thicknesses of 304L stainless steel. For this purpose, brazing was performed with thermal induction under a vacuum of 10−5 mbar and filler metal BNi-2 at the corner structures. First, the microstructure of different joint regions including base metals, Ni affected areas, and interfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and then the relationships between microstructure and microhardness were compared. In sheets with different thicknesses, the differences in diffusion depth were observed. Moreover, the microhardness of different areas of the braze was revealed to be completely affected by the diffusion of nickel. Finally, it was found that, for the bonding between 304L sheets with different thicknesses, BNi-2 filler metal had reasonable strength, diffusion, and filling for vacuum applications.
Solid-state memory of ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on distorted ReS2
Authors: Kuai Jiajing , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Shuyi , Sheng Jingye , Cheng Xinli , Mao Hongmin , Li Yang , Zhang Jinlei , Ma Chunlan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ferroelectric with quantum-mechanical tunnel allows non-volatile resistance states and fast readout of the tunnel current in the ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) through the influence of ferroic orders. However, the complex interfacial effect between electrodes and traditional ferroelectric films has still remained to be solved. When 2D ferroelectrics are used in FTJs, the lattice-matched constraint and intermixing of cations between ferroelectric and substrate electrode can be avoid. Here we show various FTJs with low energy consuming, and high endurance made from 2D ferroelectric ReS2 and different electrodes such as Pt/ReS2/Au, W/ReS2/SiO2/Si and W/ReS2/Nb:STO. With the help of in situ atomic force microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy, we show that the memory can be manipulated in less than 1 μm2 and the resistance switching should be caused by the ferroelectric polarization direction in the distorted ReS2. Then, we demonstrate that the memory devices can be easily transferred to a polyimide or flexible SiO2/Si substrate. These FTJs shows good bending stability, illustrating their potential applications in flexible electronics. Considering the weak Van der Waals interfacial bonding between 2D ferroelectric and electrode, the polarization-dependent Schottky emission and interface-limited Fowler–Nordheim tunnel current play the key role in resistance switching respectively. Our work provides a simple way to construct various building blocks for circuits in harsh electronics with low energy consuming, good bending stability and high-density data storage.
Containing a pandemic: nonpharmaceutical interventions and the ‘second wave’
Authors: te Vrugt Michael , Bickmann Jens , Wittkowski Raphael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In response to the worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as face masks and social distancing have been implemented. A careful assessment of the effects of such containment strategies is required to avoid exceeding social and economical costs as well as a dangerous ‘second wave’ of the pandemic. In this work, we combine a recently developed dynamical density functional theory model and an extended SIRD model with hysteresis to study effects of various measures and strategies using realistic parameters. Depending on intervention thresholds, a variety of phases with different numbers of shutdowns and deaths are found. Spatiotemporal simulations provide further insights into the dynamics of a second wave. Our results are of crucial importance for public health policy.
On the use of a digital twin to enhance femtosecond laser inscription of arbitrary phase patterns
Authors: Bernard Olivier , Bellouard Yves 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thanks to the non-linear nature of laser-matter interaction, the use of femtosecond lasers offers a versatile method for encoding information and modifying transparent materials in their volumes and this, with sub-micron resolution. The underlying physical process is a succession of intricate and complex nonlinear phenomena that are sensitive to multiple and multidimensional parameters, such as beam intensity distribution, exposure dose homogeneity and pulse-overlapping sequences as well as propagating wavefront angular orientations and temporal distortions. As a consequence to this inherent and often overwhelming complexity, obtaining a repeatable and accurate result relies strongly on time-consuming machine-specific calibration and experiment-specific fine-tuning attempts until the desired result is reached. Here, we present a digital twin of the processed specimen that not only accurately predicts the exposure outcome in terms of introduced retardance, but also offers a pathway for designing feedforward schemes that compensate for known inaccuracies. We demonstrate the merit of this approach through illustrative examples of arbitrary phase patterns, forming waveplates and images, based on refractive index modulation induced during laser exposure.
Periodic representations for quadratic irrationals in the field of 𝑝-adic numbers
Authors: Barbero Stefano , Cerruti Umberto , Murru Nadir 
Published: April 2021

Continued fractions have been widely studied in the field of

p
p

-adic numbers

Q

p

\mathbb Q_p

, but currently there is no algorithm replicating all the good properties that continued fractions have over the real numbers regarding, in particular, finiteness and periodicity. In this paper, first we propose a periodic representation, which we will call standard, for any quadratic irrational via

p
p

-adic continued fractions, even if it is not obtained by a specific algorithm. This periodic representation provides simultaneous rational approximations for a quadratic irrational both in

R

\mathbb R

and

Q

p

\mathbb Q_p

. Moreover given two primes

p
1

p_1

and

p
2

p_2

, using the Binomial transform, we are also able to pass from approximations in

Q

p
1

\mathbb {Q}_{p_1}

to approximations in

Q

p
2

\mathbb {Q}_{p_2}

for a given quadratic irrational. Then, we focus on a specific

p
p

–adic continued fraction algorithm proving that it stops in a finite number of steps when processes rational numbers, solving a problem left open in a paper by Browkin [Math. Comp. 70 (2001), pp. 1281–1292]. Finally, we study the periodicity of this algorithm showing when it produces standard representations for quadratic irrationals.
US Public’s Perceptions of Online Transformation Photos
Authors: Henderson Joshua T , Mullens Cody L , Woodberry Kerri M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Although many plastic surgeons seek to optimize their online presence and reach a broader patient base, no studies to our knowledge have evaluated the general public’s perceptions of one of the most valued informational tools: transformation photos.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the general public’s preferences for viewing transformation photos online.

Methods
Respondents representative of the US public, crowdsourced through Amazon Mechanical Turk, answered a survey assessing perceptions of the posting of before-and-after photos.

Results
One thousand respondents completed the questionnaire. Ninety percent (905/1000) of respondents are willing to view online before-and-after photos. Sixty-three percent (634/1000) would consent to online posting of before-and-after photos of at least 1 body area, with comfort levels highest for facelift (36.4%), nonoperative facial rejuvenation (31.9%), liposuction (24.9%), and abdominoplasty (23.2%). Breast reduction (12.4%), breast reconstruction (10.9%), gluteal augmentation (14.0%), and vaginal rejuvenation (4.4%) are considered least acceptable for public posting. Respondents are significantly more opposed to online viewing of genitals than any other body area (P &lt; 0.0001). Of those willing to have their own transformation photos posted online, 74.0% would allow posting on professional practice websites, 35.1% on Instagram, 26.6% on Facebook, 17.2% on Twitter, and 10.7% on Snapchat. Significantly more respondents prefer their transformation photos reside only on professional practice websites rather than on a social media platform (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
The public considers aesthetic facial procedures and body contouring most acceptable for showcasing transformation photos online. Although most respondents prefer viewing these photos on professional practice websites, Instagram is the favored social media platform. The majority of the public seek transformation photos when choosing a plastic surgeon for a cosmetic procedure.