bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the molecular KS relationship universal down to low metallicities?
Authors: Whitworth David J , Smith Rowan J , Tress Robin , Kay Scott T , Glover Simon C O , Sormani Mattia C , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
In recent years, it has been speculated that in extreme low-metallicity galactic environments, stars form in regions that lack H2. In this paper, we investigate how changing the metallicity and ultraviolet (UV) field strength of a galaxy affects the star formation within, and the molecular gas Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) relation. Using extremely high-resolution arepo simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies, we independently vary the metallicity and UV field to between 1 per cent and 10 per cent solar neighbourhood values. We include a non-equilibrium, time-dependent chemical network to model the molecular composition of the interstellar medium and include the effects of gas shielding from an ambient UV field. Crucially, our simulations directly model the gravitational collapse of gas into star-forming clumps and cores and their subsequent accretion using sink particles. In this first publication, we find that reducing the metallicity and UV field by a factor of 10 has no effect on star formation and minimal effect on the cold, dense star-forming gas. The cold gas depletion times are almost an order of magnitude longer than the molecular gas depletion time due to the presence of star formation in H i dominated cold gas. We study the H2 KS relationship that arises naturally within the simulations and find a near-linear power-law index of N = 1.09 ± 0.014 in our fiducial $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ solar metallicity model. As the metallicity and UV field are reduced, this becomes moderately steeper, with a slope of N = 1.24 ± 0.022 for our $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ solar metallicity and $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ solar UV field model.
Absolute and Relative Reliability of a Comprehensive Quantitative Sensory Testing Protocol in Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Authors: Dams Lore , Haenen Vincent , Van der Gucht Elien , Devoogdt Nele , Smeets Ann , Bernar Koen , De Vrieze Tessa , De Groef An , Meeus Mira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Quantitative sensory testing (QST) consists of noninvasive psychophysical assessment techniques to evaluate the functioning of the somatosensory nervous system. Despite the importance of reliability for the correct use of QST results in research and clinical practice, the relative and absolute intra- and inter-rater reliability of a comprehensive QST protocol to evaluate the functioning of both the peripheral and central somatosensory nervous system in a breast cancer population has not yet been investigated.

Setting
University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.

Subjects
Thirty women at least 6 months after unilateral breast cancer surgery.

Methods
The protocol included nine static and dynamic QST methods (mechanical pain-detection thresholds, pressure pain thresholds, thermal pain-detection thresholds for heat and cold, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation [CPM]) performed in the surgical area and in more distant regions. Absolute and relative intra-rater reliability (60-minute interval) and inter-rater reliabilty (1-week interval) were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement, and Bland-Altman plots.

Results
Moderate to excellent relative intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were found for the evaluation of mechanical thresholds, pressure pain thresholds, and temporal summation. The reliability of the CPM paradigm was considered weak. Systematic bias between raters was noticed for the detection of mechanical and cold stimuli at the non-affected trunk and for CPM.

Conclusions
Except for the evaluation of CPM, the QST protocol was found suitable for identifying differences between subjects (relative reliability) and for individual follow-up after breast cancer surgery (limited systematic bias) during a 1-week time frame. Additional research is required to determine the measurement properties that influence CPM test stability to establish a more reliable CPM test paradigm.
Designing a business intelligence system to support industry analysis and innovation policy
Authors: Lee Seonjae , Lim Daehyeon , Moon Youngsu , Lee Hoshin , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thanks to advances in data analytics, the data on industry can now be processed in ways that provide valuable insights. Although there have been numerous studies on industry analysis, few have focused on identifying data sources and finding an effective way to use them for industry analysis and innovation policymaking. To fill the research gap, this study designed a business intelligence system for industry analysis, linking three data sources that include company profiles, trademarks, and value-chain information for further investigations. The first step in the system design was identifying the potential users of the proposed system and then assessing their needs to define main system functions. Next, several indices were developed to analyze industry characteristics in terms of the overall industry status and trends. The proposed system makes it possible to understand the rapidly changing business landscape and establish business strategies and industry policies.
Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Chen Cheng , Lu Liping , Knutson Kristen L , Carnethon Mercedes R , Fly Alyce D , Luo Juhua , Haas David M , Shikany James M , Kahe Ka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio (Ca:Mg) with sleep quality and duration.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 3,964 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary and supplementary intake of Mg were obtained using the CARDIA Dietary History at baseline (1985–1986), exam years 7 and 20. Self-reported sleep outcomes were measured at years 15 and 20. Sleep quality was rating from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). We categorized sleep duration to &lt;7, 7–9, and &gt;9 h. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the associations of interest as repeated measures at the two time points.

Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, Mg intake was borderline associated with better sleep quality [highest quartile (Q4) vs. intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.999, 1.50, ptrend = 0.051]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (&lt;7 h) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, ptrend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, ptrend &lt; 0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca:Mg was not associated with either outcomes, regardless of depression status.

Conclusions
Mg intake was associated with both sleep outcomes in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference.
Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence
Authors: Ricci Anna , Calhoun Susan L , He Fan , Fang Jidong , Vgontzas Alexandros N , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O , Younes Magdy , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Psychiatric/learning disorders are associated with sleep disturbances, including those arising from abnormal cortical activity. The odds ratio product (ORP) is a standardized electroencephalogram metric of sleep depth/intensity validated in adults, while ORP data in youth are lacking. We tested ORP as a measure of sleep depth/intensity in adolescents with and without psychiatric/learning disorders.

Methods
Four hundred eighteen adolescents (median 16 years) underwent a 9-hour, in-lab polysomnography. Of them, 263 were typically developing (TD), 89 were unmedicated, and 66 were medicated for disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), learning (LD), and internalizing (ID). Central ORP during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was the primary outcome. Secondary/exploratory outcomes included central and frontal ORP during NREM stages, in the 9-seconds following arousals (ORP-9), in the first and second halves of the night, during REM sleep and wakefulness.

Results
Unmedicated youth with ADHD/LD had greater central ORP than TD during stage 3 and in central and frontal regions during stage 2 and the second half of the sleep period, while ORP in youth with ADHD/LD on stimulants did not significantly differ from TD. Unmedicated youth with ID did not significantly differ from TD in ORP, while youth with ID on antidepressants had greater central and frontal ORP than TD during NREM and REM sleep, and higher ORP-9.

Conclusions
The greater ORP in unmedicated youth with ADHD/LD, and normalized levels in those on stimulants, suggests ORP is a useful metric of decreased NREM sleep depth/intensity in ADHD/LD. Antidepressants are associated with greater ORP/ORP-9, suggesting these medications induce cortical arousability.
Cross-Kingdom Gene Coexpression Analysis Using a Stemphylium botryosum–Lens ervoides System Revealed Plasticity of Intercommunication Between the Pathogen Secretome and the Host Immune Systems
Authors: Cao Zhe , Banniza Sabine 
Published: December 2021

Necrotrophic pathogens are responsible for significant declines in crop yield and quality worldwide. During the infection process, a pathogen releases a series of secretory proteins to counteract the plant immune system, and this interaction of pathogen and host molecules determines whether the pathogen will successfully invade the host plant tissues. In this study, we adopted co-transcriptomic approaches to analyze the Lens ervoides–Stemphylium botryosum system, with a focus on 1,216 fungal genes coding for secretory proteins and 8,810 disease-responsive genes of the host 48, 96, and 144 h postinoculation, captured in two F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) displaying contrasting disease responses. By constructing in planta gene coexpression networks (GCNs) for S. botryosum, we found that the pathogen tended to co-upregulate genes regulating cell wall degradation enzymes, effectors, oxidoreductases, and peptidases to a much higher degree in the susceptible host LR-66-577 than in the resistant RIL LR-66-637, indicating that the promotion of these digestive enzymes and toxins increased S. botryosum virulence. Construction of cross-kingdom GCNs between pathogen and plant for the two RILs revealed that the co-upregulation of these fungal digestive enzymes and toxins simultaneously promoted a series of defense responses such as redox change, expression of membrane-related genes and serine/threonine kinase, and stress and disease responses in the susceptible RIL which was not observed in the resistant RIL, indicating that these activities exacerbated susceptibility to S. botryosum. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Fusaricidin Biosynthesis Is Controlled via a KinB-Spo0A-AbrB Signal Pathway in Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78
Authors: Li Yunlong , Zhang Haowei , Li Yongbin , Chen Sanfeng 
Published: December 2021

Fusaricidins produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa are important lipopeptide antibiotics against fungi. The fusGFEDCBA (fusaricidin biosynthesis) operon is responsible for synthesis of fusaricidins. However, the regulation mechanisms of fusaricidin biosynthesis remain to be fully clarified. In this study, we revealed that fusaricidin production is controlled by a complex regulatory network including KinB-Spo0A-AbrB. Evidence suggested that the regulator AbrB represses the transcription of the fus gene cluster by direct binding to the fus promoter, in which the sequences (5′-AATTTTAAAATAAATTTTGTGATTT-3′) located from −136 to −112 bp relative to the transcription start site is required for this repression. Spo0A binds to the abrB promoter that contains the Spo0A-binding sequences (5′-TGTCGAA-3′, 0A box) and in turn prevents the further transcription of abrB. The decreasing concentration of AbrB allows for the derepression of the fus promoter repressed by AbrB. The genome of P. polymyxa WLY78 contains two orthologs (named Kin1508 and Kin4833) of Bacillus subtilis KinB, but only Kin4833 activates sporulation and fusaricidin production, indicating that this kinase may be involved in phosphorylating Spo0A to initiate sporulation and regulate the abrB transcription. Our results reveal that Kin4833 (KinB), Spo0A, and AbrB are involved in regulation of fusaricidin production and a signaling mechanism that links fusaricidin production and sporulation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
How to train thoracic anesthesia for residents and consultants?
Authors: Grande Bastian , Zalunardo Marco Piero , Kolbe Michaela 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
The training of anesthesiologists in thoracic surgery is a significant challenge. International professional societies usually provide only a case number-based or time-based training concept. There are only a few concepts of simulation trainings in thoracic anesthesia and interprofessional debriefings on a daily basis are rarely applied. In this review, we will show how professional curricula should aim for competence rather than number of cases and why simulation-based training and debriefing should be implemented.

Recent findings
Recent curricula recommend so-called entrustable professional activities (EPAs)as a way out of the dilemma between the number of cases vs. competence. With these EPAs, competence can be mapped and prerequisites defined.
Training concepts from simulation in healthcare have so far not explicitly reached anesthesia for thoracic surgery. In addition to mere technical training, combined technical-behavioral training forms have proven to be an effective training targeting the entire team in the context of the actual working environment in the operating theatre.

Summary
Interdisciplinary and interprofessional learning can take place in simulation trainings and on a daily basis through postevent debriefings. When these debriefings are conducted in a structured way, an improvement in the performance of the entire team can be the result. The basis for these debriefings – as well as for other training approaches – is psychological safety, which should be established and maintained together with all professions involved.
Should fluid management in thoracic surgery be goal directed?
Authors: Şentürk Mert , Bingül Emre Sertaç , Turhan Özlem 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
To find a reliable answer to the question in the title: Should fluid management in thoracic surgery be goal directed?

Recent findings
’Moderate’ fluid regimen is the current recommendation of fluid management in thoracic anesthesia, however, especially in more risky patients; ’Goal-Directed Therapy’ (GDT) can be a more reliable approach than just ’moderate’. There are numerous studies examining its effects in general anesthesia; albeit mostly retrospective and very heterogenic. There are few studies of GDT in thoracic anesthesia with similar drawbacks.

Summary
Although the evidence level is low, GDT is generally associated with fewer postoperative complications. It can be helpful in decision-making for volume-optimization, timing of fluid administration, and indication of vasoactive agents.
Role of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Wei , Huang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is currently the standard of care for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. In recent years, with the continuous development of immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, blinatumomab, and inotuzumab ozogamicin, a series of vital clinical studies have confirmed its high response rate and favorable outcomes for ALL. Although the emergence of immunotherapy has expanded relapsed or refractory (r/r) ALL patients’ opportunities to receive allo-HSCT, allo-HSCT is associated with potential challenges. In this review, the role of allo-HSCT in the treatment of adult ALL in the era of immunotherapy will be discussed.
Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Neonatal Gram-negative Bacterial Sepsis—10 Days Versus 14 Days
Authors: Fursule Anurag , Thakur Anup , Garg Pankaj , Kler Neelam 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) sepsis in non-VLBW infants has not been specifically evaluated in previous studies.

Methods:
This was an open labeled noninferiority randomized controlled trial. Non-VLBW infants with GNB sepsis without meningitis whose blood culture were sterile after day 7 of treatment and who were in clinical remission on day 9 of appropriate antibiotic were randomized to short duration (SDR) group and long duration (LDR) group. Infants in SDR group and LDR group received antibiotic therapy for 10 days and 14 days respectively. Primary objective was to compare treatment failure. Secondary objectives were to compare duration of hospitalization, complications of intravenous (IV) therapy and its duration, episodes of new-onset sepsis and all-cause mortality.

Results:
Of 222 infants with GNB sepsis, 58 eligible infants were randomized in each group and 113 of these were analyzed. There was no difference in proportion of infants with multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism in SDR versus LDR group [33(60%) versus 32(55.1%) (P = 0.84)]. There were no treatment failures in either group. Median (IQR) duration of hospital stay was higher in LDR group as compared with SDR group: 20(18, 23) versus 16(13, 20) days (P < 0.001). Infants in LDR group required IV therapy for a longer duration as compared with SDR group mean (SD): 15.2(1.2) versus 10.9(0.8) days (P < 0.001). Median (IQR) episodes of extravasation were higher in LDR group: 5(4.7) versus 3(2.3) (P < 0.001). There was no difference in episodes of phlebitis and hematoma. No infants had died on follow up.

Conclusion:
In suitably selected non-VLBW infants with Gram-negative sepsis, 10 days therapy is noninferior to 14 days therapy.
Efficacy of acupuncture for whiplash injury
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Park Hye-Jin , Kim Hyun-Tae , Park Sun-Young , Heo In , Hwang Eui-Hyoung , Shin Byung-Cheul , Hwang Man-Suk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:Studies in both Eastern & Western countries such as the United States and Europe have evaluated the efficacy of acupuncture for whiplash injury or whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). However, no systematic reviews on the effectiveness of acupuncture on WAD have been conducted since 2014. Therefore, we are planning an updated systematic review of studies published since 2014 to overcome the limitations of existing evidence.Methods:Literature will be identified from searches of relevant databases, including international databases such as PubMed, Ovid-Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Korean databases such as Korea Med, Korean Studies Information Service System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, and National Digital Science Library. Only randomized controlled trials using acupuncture or electro-acupuncture for whiplash injury will be included. The primary outcomes will be the visual analog scale or numerical rating scale of the neck pain, while the secondary outcome is the range of motion of the neck. The risk of bias for individual papers will be assessed by two independent investigators using the Cochrane “Risk of Bias” assessment tool.Dissemination:We plan to report the results of the study in a peer-reviewed journal after completing the research. In addition, we expect this study to provide invaluable information to clinicians treating patients with WAD with acupuncture or electro-acupuncture.Trial registration number:PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021261595. Registered on 18 July 2021. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=261595
The efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding for peripheral facial paralysis sequela
Authors: Ji Jingyun , Liu Yuchen , Wen Weijie , Wang Fengyi , Tang Rundong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:Peripheral facial paralysis sequela (PFPS) is a group of sequence syndrome after the acute onset of peripheral facial paralysis. Nearly 70% of patients with peripheral facial paralysis recover completely, but nearly 30% of patients leave multiple sequelae, which have serious negative impacts on the physical and psychological health of patients. Without a high risk of side effect, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE), a common acupuncture therapy, is widely used to treat this disorder. And a number of studies have shown the efficacy of this therapy for PFPS. But in fact, the evidence of the overall effect of ACE in the treatment of PFPS is still insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ACE for PFPS.Methods:Two reviewers will collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ACE for PFPS by searching the following databases, including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China Biomedical Literature (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), and Wanfang database, from their initiation to May 2021. The searching of publications will include English and Chinese without any restriction of countries and regions. Besides, 2 reviewers will independently include in studies that meet the inclusion criteria and extract data we need, then use Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool to assess their methodological quality. The efficacy and safety of ACE as a treatment for PFPS will be assessed according to the synthetic risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR), or weighted mean difference (WMD), standardized mean difference (SMD) with consistent 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). And the Review Manager 5.3 software will be adopted to conduct the statistical analysis.Results:The protocol for meta-analysis will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACE for PFPS. And the final result of this search will provide sufficient evidence and an authentic assessment focusing on the problem.Conclusion:This search will explore whether ACE could be used as an effective and non-drug external therapy of TCM for PFPS and offer supports for clinical practice.PROSPERO Registration Number:CRD42021240004