bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Stressful Life Events and Suicidal Ideation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Kevin Z. , Dai Nasia , Zai Clement C. , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Gerretsen Philip , Graff Ariel , De Luca Vincenzo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Half of patients with schizophrenia experience suicidal ideation. Only few studies have examined the effects of recent stress on both current and emergent suicidal ideation.
A cohort of 85 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders was assessed. The study was divided into a cross-sectional and longitudinal arms to test the effect of recent stress on suicidal ideation. Analysis was done using logistic regression models.
After correcting for covariates, recent stress had no significant effect on current suicidal ideation. However, increased total stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.099 [1.032–1.170], p = 0.003) and health-related stress (OR = 1.331 [1.074–1.650], p = 0.009) at follow-up were predictive of emergent suicidal ideation.
With this sample size, we were unable to draw firm conclusions regarding the effect of specific life events on suicidal ideation. Further studies involving larger samples that investigate the interplay between several risk factors are needed.
Public Stigma of Prolonged Grief Disorder
Authors: Dennis Hayley , Eisma Maarten C. , Breen Lauren J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Prolonged grief disorder's (PGD's) recent recognition as a psychiatric diagnosis has elicited concerns about stigmatization. Although prior research demonstrated that PGD elicits public stigma, moderators of this effect are unclear, and the effect requires replication in an English-speaking population. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PGD, sex of the bereaved, and death expectedness on public stigma toward bereaved persons. We randomly assigned 195 Australian adults (77% female; mean age, 35.7 years) to read one of eight vignettes describing a bereaved male or female subject, with or without PGD, after an expected or unexpected death. Participants reported their emotional reactions and negative attributions toward, and desired social distance from, the bereaved person. A person with PGD (vs. without) elicited stronger emotional reactions, negative attributions, and desired social distance. No robust moderator effects emerged. Results validate concerns that PGD causes stigma. Stigmatization may be targeted by information campaigns or psychological treatment.
Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia With 18F-EF5 PET/MRI in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Narva Sara I. , Seppänen Marko P. , Raiko Juho R.H. , Forsback Sarita J. , Orte Katri J. , Virtanen Johanna M. , Hynninen Johanna , Hietanen Sakari 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the Report
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of hypoxia using 18F-EF5 as a hypoxia tracer in cervical cancer patients with PET/MRI. We investigated the association between this 18F-EF5-PET tracer and the immunohistochemical expression of endogenous hypoxia markers: HIF1α, CAIX, and GLUT1.

Patients and Methods
Nine patients with biopsy-proven primary squamous cell cervix carcinoma (FIGO 2018 radiological stages IB1–IIIC2r) were imaged with dual tracers 18F-EF5 and 18F-FDG using PET/MRI (Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;145:129–135). 18F-EF5 images were analyzed by calculating the tumor-to-muscle ratio to determine the hypoxic tissue (T/M ratio >1.5) and further hypoxic subvolume (HSV) and percentage hypoxic area. These 18F-EF5 hypoxic parameters were correlated with the size and localization of tumors in 18F-FDG PET/MRI and the results of hypoxia immunohistochemistry.

Results
All primary tumors were clearly 18F-FDG and 18F-EF5 PET positive and heterogeneously hypoxic with multiple 18F-EF5–avid areas in locally advanced cancer and single areas in clinically stage I tumors. The location of hypoxia was detected mainly in the periphery of tumor. Hypoxia parameters 18F-EF5 max T/M ratio and HSV in primary tumors correlated independently with the advanced stage (P = 0.036 and P = 0.040, respectively), and HSV correlated with the tumor size (P = 0.027). The location of hypoxia in 18F-EF5 imaging was confirmed with a higher hypoxic marker expression HIF1α and CAIX in tumor fresh biopsies.

Conclusions
The 18F-EF5 imaging has promising potential in detecting areas of tumor hypoxia in cervical cancer.
Solitary Hepatic Metastasis From Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wen Xiaoxia , Yin Haixia , Zhao Deshan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. However, metastasis to liver alone is extremely rare. Here we present a 36-year-old woman who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral neck lymph nodes dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma and received radioiodine (131I) ablation therapy for 2 times 1 month and 5 months after surgery, respectively. The images after the 131I therapy showed a solitary occult metastasis in the liver.
111In-Pentetreotide Uptake Due to COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Koyasu Sho , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 72-year-old woman was referred for whole-body 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy with SPECT/CT. There was increased uptake of lymphadenopathy in the left axilla and left deltoid muscle. The patient's history revealed that the patient received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine 3 days before the 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy with SPECT/CT. This case demonstrates that the COVID-19 vaccine can cause 111In-pentetreotide uptake in the lymph nodes and the deltoid muscle.
Reconstruction of Extensive Oromandibular Defect With Simultaneous Dual Free Flap Transfer
Authors: Chung Jae-Ho , Kim Da-Som , Yoon Eul-Sik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Complex oromandibular defects are usually too extensive or complex to be reconstructed with a single free flap. In this situation, dual free flaps can provide an adequate amount of tissues and a three-dimensional structure for large composite defects.
In our institution, a total of 6 patients underwent immediate dual free-flap reconstruction between December 2013 and February 2020. In all patients, oromandibular defects were reconstructed with a combination of a fibula free flap and a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous, anterolateral thigh, or radial forearm free flap. All 6 patients showed tolerable flap status without any major complications, and could transit a diet from a dysphagia diet to a general diet on the final visit. Dual free flaps can be considered an optimal reconstructive option with favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes for complex oromandibular defects involving the bone, oral lining, external skin, or soft tissue.
State-of-the-Art Review: Sex Hormone Therapy in Trauma-Hemorrhage
Authors: Lang Eric , Abdou Hossam , Edwards Joseph , Patel Neerav , Morrison Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Trauma-hemorrhage is the leading cause of prehospital and early in-hospital deaths, while also significantly contributing to the later development of multisystem organ dysfunction/failure and sepsis. Common and advanced resuscitative methods would potentially demonstrate benefits in the prehospital setting; however, they face a variety of barriers to application and implementation. Thus, a dialogue around a novel adjunct has arisen, sex hormone therapy. Proposed candidates include estradiol and its derivatives, metoclopramide hydrochloride/prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone, and flutamide; with each having demonstrated a range of salutary effects in several animal model studies. Several retrospective analyses have observed a gender-based dimorphism in mortality following trauma-hemorrhage, thus suggesting that estrogens contribute to this pattern. Trauma-hemorrhage animal models have shown estrogens offer protective effects to the cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and immune systems. Additionally, a series of survival studies utilizing 17α-ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate, a potent, water-soluble synthetic estrogen, have demonstrated a significant survival benefit and beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. This review presents the findings of retrospective clinical studies, preclinical animal studies, and discusses how and why 17α-ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate should be considered for investigation within a prospective clinical trial.
The emerging treatment landscape of advanced urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Cardenas Luisa , Dibajnia Pooya , Lalani Aly-Khan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most common malignancies in the Western world. Historically, patients with advanced disease have had a poor prognosis and progress within months of completing upfront platinum-based chemotherapy. In the last two years, the treatment landscape for metastatic UC (mUC) has significantly shifted with the emergence of contemporary immunotherapy and targeted agents. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current and emerging systemic treatment options for mUC of the bladder.

Recent findings
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated activity in the postplatinum and platinum-ineligible settings. Additionally, they have become a standard maintenance treatment option after avelumab demonstrated increased overall survival in patients with stable disease or better after first line platinum-based chemotherapy. Novel targeted therapies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been granted Food and Drug Administration approval for subsequent line therapy based on promising results in phase II and III trials.

Summary
There has been a considerable increase in the variety of effective therapies for mUC, including the utility of ICIs, novel targeted agents, and ADCs. Platinum-based chemotherapy remains an effective first-line option. As the role of novel therapies continues to shift toward earlier in the disease course, there remains an important need to develop feasible, globally accessible predictive biomarkers that can aid in patient selection and inform sequencing of therapeutic options.
Roseomonas ponticola sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Pearl River estuary
Authors: Yin Ling-Zi , Li Jia-Ling , Fang Bao-Zhu , Liu Ze-Tao , Wang Pandeng , Dong Lei , Duan Li , Luo Xiao-Qing , Li Shan-Hui , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: October 2021

A novel species of the genus

Roseomonas

, designated SYSU M41301T, was isolated from water sample of the Pearl River estuary in Guangdong, China. Polyphasic, taxonomic and phylogenomic analyses were used to determine the taxonomy position of the strain. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SYSU M41301T showed the highest sequence similarity to

Roseomonas stagni

KCTC 22213T (97.9 %) and

Roseomonas riguiloci

KCTC 23339T (96.4 %). The novel species could be differentiated from other species of the genus

Roseomonas

by its distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The isolate was Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, short rod-shape, oxidase-positive and non-motile. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and one unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids (>10 % of total) were 11-methyl C18 : 1
ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/ or C16 : 1
ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18:  :1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c). The G+C content of the novel isolate based on genomic DNA was 72.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU M41301T should be considered to represent a novel species in the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas ponticola sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain SYSU M41301T (=KCTC 72726T=CGMCC 1.18613T).
Mapping the functional interactions at the tumor-immune checkpoint interface
Authors: Bozorgui Behnaz , Kong Elisabeth K. , Luna Augustin , Korkut Anil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is challenging to identify the tumor-immune system interactions that modulate immune states and immunotherapy responses due to the prohibitively complex space of possible interactions. Our statistical analysis framework, ImogiMap quantifies tumor-immune interactions based on their synergistic co-associations with immune-associated phenotypes. ImogiMap-based analyses recapitulated known interactions modulating immunotherapy responses and nominated the CD86/CD70 axis as an immunotherapy target that overlaps with IFNG overexpression and patient survival in endometrial carcinoma.
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 controls the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and survival of the retinal photoreceptor cells
Authors: Nagata Katsuyuki , Hishikawa Daisuke , Sagara Hiroshi , Saito Masamichi , Watanabe Sumiko , Shimizu Takao , Shindou Hideo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTDue to the high energy demands and characteristic morphology, retinal photoreceptor cells require a specialized lipid metabolism for survival and function. Accordingly, dysregulation of lipid metabolism leads to the photoreceptor cell death and retinal degeneration. Mice with a frameshift mutation of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcat1), which produces saturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) composed of two saturated fatty acids, has been reported to cause spontaneous retinal degeneration (rd11 mice). In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of LPCAT1 in the retina and found that genetic deletion of Lpcat1 induces light-independent and photoreceptor-specific apoptosis in mice. Lipidomic analyses of the retina and isolated photoreceptor outer segment (OS) suggested that loss of Lpcat1 decreases saturated PC production and affects the proper cellular fatty acid flux, presumably by altering saturated fatty acyl-CoA availabilities. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Lpcat1 deletion increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in photoreceptor cells, but not in other retinal cells without affecting the OS structure and trafficking of OS-localized proteins. These results suggest that the LPCAT1-dependent production of saturated PC is critical for metabolic adaptation during photoreceptor maturation. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of saturated fatty acid metabolism in photoreceptor cell degeneration-related retinal diseases.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas hygromyciniae, a novel bacterial species discovered from a commercially purchased antibiotic
Authors: Turner Timothy L. , Mitra Sumitra D. , Kochan Travis J. , Pincus Nathan B. , Lebrun-Corbin Marine , Cheung Bettina , Gatesy Samuel W. , Afzal Tania , Ozer Egon A. , Hauser Alan R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTA purchased lot of the antibiotic hygromycin B was found to be contaminated with a novel bacterial species, which we designate Pseudomonas hygromyciniae. Characteristics of P. hygromyciniae include its ability to use a variety of compounds as carbon sources, its pathogenicity towards lettuce and Galleria mellonella, and its ability to inhibit the growth of an E. coli strain. P. hygromyciniae is unlikely to be a human pathogen, as it did not survive at 37 °C and was not cytotoxic towards a mammalian cell line. The P. hygromyciniae strain harbors a novel 250 kb megaplasmid which confers resistance to hygromycin B and contains numerous other genes predicted to encode replication and conjugation machinery. These findings indicate that commercially manufactured antibiotics represent another extreme environment that may support the growth of novel bacterial species.IMPORTANCEMicrobial ecologists have surveyed numerous natural and manmade environments in search of new microbial species. In some instances, these microbes are discovered in harsh conditions, such as deep-sea vents, and their discovery leads to better understanding of how microbes adapt to their environment. Here, we have discovered a new species of bacteria from an extreme manmade environment: a lyophilized, commercially available bottle of the antibiotic hygromycin B.
Bacterial invasion across the human skin barrier – mechanisms and ensuing tissue degradation
Authors: Lipsky Zachary W. , Patsy Marisa , Marques Cláudia N. H. , German Guy K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAtopic Dermatitis (AD) is associated with a deficiency of skin lipids, increased populations ofStaphylococcus aureusin the microbiome, and structural defects in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of human skin. However, the pathogenesis of AD is ambiguous as it is unclear whether observed changes are the result of AD or contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous studies have shown thatS. aureusis capable of permeating across isolated human SC tissue when lipids are depleted to levels consistent with AD conditions. In this study, we expand upon this discovery to determine the mechanisms of bacterial penetration into the SC barrier. Specifically, we establish whether bacteria are permeating intercellularly, between corneocytes, or employing a combination pathway of both inter- and intra-cellular travel. The mechanical implications of bacterial invasion, lipid depletion, and media immersion are also evaluated using a newly developed, physiologically relevant, temperature-controlled drip chamber. Results reveal thatS. aureuscan be internalized by corneocytes, indicating transcellular movement through the tissue during permeation, consistent with previous theoretical models.S. aureusalso degrades the mechanical integrity of human SC, particularly when the tissue is partially depleted of lipids. These observed mechanical changes are likely the cause of broken or ruptured tissue seen as exudative lesions in AD flares. This work further highlights the necessity of lipids in skin microbial barrier function.ImportanceMillions of people suffer from the chronic inflammatory skin disease Atopic Dermatitis (AD), whose symptoms are associated with a deficiency of skin lipids that exhibit antimicrobial functions, and increased populations of the opportunistic pathogenStaphylococcus aureus. However, the pathogenesis of AD is ambiguous, and it remains unclear if these observed changes are merely the result of AD, or contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. In this article, we demonstrate the necessity of skin lipids in preventingS. aureusfrom penetrating the outermost barrier of human skin thereby causing a degradation in tissue integrity. In terms of AD, this bacterial permeation into the viable epidermis could act as an inflammatory trigger of the disease and could also explain tissue fragility and lesion formation seen with AD patients. Moreover, bacterial induced degradation could lead to increased pathways and further allergen intervention creating chronic irritation.
Multiple regulatory mechanisms control the production of CmrRST, an atypical signal transduction system in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Garrett Elizabeth M. , Mehra Anchal , Sekulovic Ognjen , Tamayo Rita 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTClostridioides difficile, an intestinal pathogen and leading cause of nosocomial infection, exhibits extensive phenotypic heterogeneity through phase variation by site-specific recombination. The signal transduction system CmrRST, which encodes two response regulators (CmrR and CmrT) and a sensor kinase (CmrS), impacts C. difficile cell and colony morphology, surface and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and virulence in an animal model. CmrRST is subject to phase variation through site-specific recombination and reversible inversion of the ‘cmr switch’, and expression of cmrRST is also regulated by c-di-GMP through a riboswitch. The goal of this study was to determine how the cmr switch and c-di-GMP work together to regulate cmrRST expression. We generated “phase locked” strains by mutating key residues in the right inverted repeat flanking the cmr switch. Phenotypic characterization of these phase locked cmr-ON and -OFF strains demonstrates that they cannot switch between rough and smooth colony morphologies, respectively, or other CmrRST-associated phenotypes. Manipulation of c-di-GMP levels in these mutants showed that c-di-GMP promotes cmrRST expression and associated phenotypes independent of cmr switch orientation. We identified multiple promoters controlling cmrRST transcription, including one within the ON orientation of cmr switch and another that is positively autoregulated by CmrR. Overall, this work reveals a complex regulatory network that governs cmrRST expression and a unique intersection of phase variation and c-di-GMP signaling. These findings suggest that multiple environmental signals impact the production of this signaling transduction system.IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is a leading cause of hospital-acquired intestinal infections in the U.S. The CmrRST signal transduction system controls numerous physiological traits and processes in C. difficile, including cell and colony morphology, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Here we define the complex, multi-level regulation of cmrRST expression, including stochastic control through phase variation, modulation by the second messenger c-di-GMP, and positive autoregulation by CmrR. The results of this study suggest that multiple, distinct environmental stimuli and selective pressures must be integrated to appropriately control cmrRST expression.
Gut-derived bacterial flagellin induces beta-cell inflammation and dysfunction
Authors: Scheithauer Torsten P.M. , Herrema Hilde , Yu Hongbing , Bakker Guido J. , Winkelmeijer Maaike , Soukhatcheva Galina , Dai Derek , Ma Caixia , Havik Stefan R. , Balvers Manon , Davids Mark , Meijnikman Abraham S. , Aydin Ömrüm , van den Born Bert-Jan H. , Besselink Marc G. , Busch Olivier R. , de Brauw Maurits , van de Laar Arnold , Belzer Clara , Stahl Martin , de Vos Willem M. , Vallance Bruce A. , Nieuwdorp Max , Verchere C. Bruce , van Raalte Daniël H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveHyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are caused by failure of pancreatic beta cells. The role of the gut microbiota in T2D has been studied but causal links remain enigmatic.DesignObese individuals with or without T2D were included from two independent Dutch cohorts. Human data was translated in vitro and in vivo by using pancreatic islets from C57BL6/J mice and by injecting flagellin into obese mice.ResultsFlagellin is part of the bacterial locomotor appendage flagellum, present on gut bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae, which we show to be more abundant in the gut of individuals with T2D. Subsequently, flagellin induces a pro-inflammatory response in pancreatic islets mediated by the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-5 expressed on resident islet macrophages. This inflammatory response associated with beta-cell dysfunction, characterized by reduced insulin gene expression, impaired proinsulin processing and stress-induced insulin hypersecretion in vitro and in vivo in mice.ConclusionWe postulate that increased systemically disseminated flagellin in T2D is a contributing factor to beta cell failure in time and represents a novel therapeutic target.Graphical abstract