bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shielding Gas Influence On AA5086 Welded Joints: Residual Stresses Analysis, Microstructural Characterisation and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Fonseca Maria Cindra , Melado Marcos Caetano , Souza Marcel , Barbosa Cássio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Samples of AA5086 aluminium alloy were welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with alternating current using three different shielding gases. The samples were welded with pure argon (Ar), a mixture of argon and helium (Ar + He) and a new mixture composed of argon, nitrous oxide and oxygen (Ar + N2O + O2). The effect of the shielding gas on the residual stresses and on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the welded joints was evaluated and compared with the base metal. The new gas mixture produced compressive residual stresses in the longitudinal and transverse directions in the weld metal. Tensile test of welded joints indicated similar values for yield strength and ultimate tensile strength; however, these values were lower compared to the base metal. The new gas mixture provided a welded joint with hardness values in the weld metal and heat affected zone close to the base metal values and with greater magnitude compared to samples welded using pure argon and mixture of argon and helium. Microstructural characterisation performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy showed that the new mixture produced welded joints with lower porosity.
Patient Characteristics and Utilization of an Online Patient Portal in a Rural Academic General Internal Medicine Practice
Authors: Liu Stephen K. , Osborne Annette E. , Bell Sigall , Mecchella John N. , Hort Shoshana , Batsis John A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Online patient portals have the potential to improve patient engagement and health care outcomes. This is especially true among rural patient populations that may live far from their health care providers and have transportation barriers to access care. This study compared the characteristics of active users of an online patient portal to non-users and assessed utilization among users in a rural academic primary care clinic to identify disparities in adoption and use. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study of 28,028 patients in a general internal medicine clinic between June 2019 and May 2020 to assess a) characteristics of patients who had an online patient portal account and used the patient portal compared to those who did not register for an account, and b) the frequency of use of the patient portal (number of logons and number of messages sent and received) by patients over the study period. We compared results based on demographic characteristics, focusing on gender, age, race, presence or absence of nine chronic illnesses, smoking status, and BMI. Results: In the study cohort of 28,028 patients, 82% were active users of the patient portal. Females, patients aged 41-65, and non-smokers were more likely to use the portal than their counterparts. In total, patients with eight out of nine chronic illness groups studied (heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, history of a myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and renal disease) were less likely to use the patient portal than patients without these chronic conditions. On average, patients log onto the patient portal 25 times per year and send and receive 6 messages to and from the clinic. We found that females, patients older than 65, former smokers and obese patients logged on and sent and received more messages compared to the overall cohort. Although the sample size was small, on average Black patients logged onto the patient portal 19 times and sent and received 3.6 messages compared to White patients who logged on 25 times with 5.8 messages on average over the yearlong study period.Conclusions: In a rural academic internal medicine clinic, female patients, aged 41-65, non-smokers, and those without certain chronic conditions were more likely to use an online patient portal. Recognizing and addressing barriers to patient portal use is essential for robust and sustained patient portal uptake and ensuring that the benefits of portal use are equally distributed among all patients.
A Plasmon Modulator by Directly Controlling the Couple of Photon and Electron
Authors: Hu Xue-fang , Zhao Xiang-yue , Gu Yin-wei , Jin Shu-ping , Cui Yi-ping , Lu Chang-gui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As a strong couple mode of photon and electron collective oscillation, the movement of an electron can affect the collective plasmon behaviors efficiently. In this paper, we proposed a novel method for modulating the plasmon by directly controlling the movement of the electron but independent of the properties of the medium. This method is demonstrated by a hybrid graphene-dielectric-interdigital electrode structure in the mid-infrared range. It is possible to regulate the confinement of the graphene carrier and stimulate the plasmon in real-time by using the potential wells created by interdigital electrodes. Furthermore, the plasmon frequency can also be modulated utilizing changing the confined area and the density of the carrier. As a result. the frequency has been tuned over a range of ~ 33 cm−1 by applying voltage, and the maximum extinction ratio we measured is 8%. Due to the movement of the electron can also be driven optically, these findings may define a new approach to the all-optical modulator with low pump power.
Paradoxical Association Between Apolipoprotein B and Prognosis in Coronary Artery Disease: A 36,468 Chinese Cohort Study
Authors: Li Huanqiang , Wang Bo , Mai Ziling , Yu Sijia , Zhou Ziyou , Lu Hongyu , Lai Wenguang , Li Qiang , Yang Yongquan , Deng Jingru , Tan Ning , Liu Yong , Liu Jin , Chen Jiyan , Chen Shiqun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was identified as the target for blood lipid management among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Previous studies reported an inverse correlation between baseline LDL-C concentration and clinical outcomes. However, the association between baseline ApoB concentration and long-term prognosis is unknown.
Methods

36,486 CAD patients admitted to Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital in China were enrolled in this study and patients were categorized into two groups: high concentration of ApoB (≥65 mg/dL) group and low concentration of ApoB (< 65 mg/dL) group. The association between ApoB levels and long-term all-cause mortality was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses.
Results

The overall mortality was 12.49% (n = 4,554) over a median follow-up period of 5.01 years. According to Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with low baseline ApoB levels were paradoxically more likely to get a worse prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors such as age, gender, and comorbidity, and there was no obvious difference in long-term all-cause mortality among ApoB patients (aHR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.99-1.16). When CONUT and total bilirubin were adjusted, the risk of long-term all-cause mortality would reduce in the low-ApoB (< 65mg/dl) group (aHR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96). In the fully covariable-adjusted model, patients in the ApoB < 65mg/d group had a 10.00% lower risk of long-term all-cause death when comparing to patients with ApoB≥65mg/dL (aHR: 0.90; 95% CI:0.81-0.99).
Conclusion

This study found a paradoxical association between baseline ApoB concentration and long-term all-cause mortality. Malnutrition and bilirubin mainly mediate the ApoB paradox.
Evaluation of Parameters for Fetal Behavioural State Classification
Authors: Semeia Lorenzo , Sippel Katrin , Moser Julia , Preissl Hubert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fetal behavioural states (fBS) describe periods of fetal wakefulness and sleep and are commonly defined by features such as body and eye movements and heart rate. Automatic state detection through algorithms relies on different parameters and thresholds derived from both the cardiogram and the actogram, which are highly dependent on the specific datasets and are prone to artefacts. Furthermore, the development of the fetal states is dynamic over the gestational period and the evaluation usually only separated into early and late gestation (before and after 32 weeks). In the current work, fBS were classified in 120 fetal magnetocardiographic data segments, between 27 and 39 weeks of gestational age, by both a classification algorithm and visual inspection. To identify how automated fBS detection could be improved, we first identified commonly used parameters for fBS classification in both the cardiogram and the actogram, and investigated their distribution across the different fBS. Then, we calculated a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve to determine the performance of each parameter in the fBS classification. Finally, we investigated the development of parameters over gestation through linear regression. As a result, the parameters derived from the cardiogram have a higher classification accuracy compared to those derived from the body movement as defined by the actogram. However, the overlapping distributions of several parameters across states limit a clear separation of states based on these parameters. The changes over gestation of the cardiogram parameters reflect the maturation of the fetal autonomous nervous system. Given the higher classification accuracy of the cardiogram in comparison to the actogram, we suggest to focus further research on the cardiogram. Furthermore, we propose to develop a probabilistic fBS classification approaches to improve classification in less prototypical datasets.
Entropy Generation and Thermal Analysis of Nanofluid Flow Inside the Evacuated Tube Solar Collector
Authors: Tabarhoseini S. Mojtaba , Sheikholeslami M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the current investigation, the thermal and thermodynamic behavior of a buoyancy-driven evacuated tube solar collector has undergone precise evaluation, and the efficacy of nanoparticle dispersion in the base fluid has been scrutinized using computational fluid dynamics based on the finite volume method. The natural convection process was analyzed in different vertical sections of the absorber tube. The temperature and velocity distributions of water as the conventional working fluid and the nanofluid were compared at various cutting planes along the tube during the simulation time. In this problem, CuO nanoparticles with optimum thermal properties were suspended in the base fluid. According to the surveyed results, the temperature distribution analysis illustrates that the mean temperature of the tank experiences more enhancement when the nanofluid is used. The comparison of the heat transfer coefficient between two simulated cases shows the competency of utilizing CuO/water nanofluid in the thermal performance improvement of the collector. The results related to entropy generation assessment show that the irreversibility owing to fluid friction rises when the nanofluid is applied during the flow time. In contrast, the entropy generation of pure water owing to heat transfer surpasses the case with nanofluid.
Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world’s largest tree genus
Authors: Low Yee Wen , Rajaraman Sitaram , Tomlin Crystal , Ahmad Joffre Ali , Ardi Wisnu , Armstrong Kate , Athen Parusuraman , Berhaman Ahmad , Bone Ruth , Cheek Martin , Cho Nicholas Rui Wen , Choo Le Min , Cowie Ian , Crayn Darren , Fleck Steve , Ford Andrew , Forster Paul , Girmansyah Deden , Goyder David , Gray Bruce , Heatubun Charlie , Ibrahim Ali , Ibrahim Bazilah , Jayasinghe Himesh , Kalat Muhammad Ariffin , Kathriarachchi Hashendra , Kintamani Endang , Koh Sin Lan , Lai Joseph Tuck Kwong , Lee Serena Mei Lynn , Leong Paul Kiam Fee , Lim Weihao , Lum Shawn Kaihekulani Yamauchi , Mahyuni Ridha , McDonald William , Metali Faizah , Mustaqim Wendy , Naiki Akiyo , Ngo Kang Min , Niissalo Matti , Ranasinghe Subhani , Repin Remi , Rustiami Himmah , Simbiak Victor , Sukri Rahayu , Sunarti Siti , Trethowan Liam , Trias-Blasi Anna , Vasconcelos Thais , Wanma Jimmy , Widodo Pudji , Wijesundara Douglas Siril , Worboys Stuart , Yap Jing Wei , Yong Kien Thai , Khew Gillian S.W. , Salojärvi Jarkko , Michael Todd , Middleton David , Burslem David , Lindqvist Charlotte , Lucas Eve , Albert Victor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Species radiations have long fascinated biologists, but the contribution of adaptation to observed diversity and speciation is still an open question. Here, we explore this question using the clove genus, Syzygium, the world’s largest genus of tree species comprising approximately 1200 species. We dissect Syzygium diversity through shotgun sequencing of 182 distinct species and 58 additional as-yet unidentified taxa, and assess their genetic diversity against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple, Syzygium grande. We show that Syzygium grande shares a whole genome duplication (WGD) event with other Myrtales. Genomic analyses confirm that Syzygium originated in Sahul (Australia-New Guinea), and later diversified eastward to the Hawaiian Islands and westward in multiple independent migration events. The migrations were associated with bursts of speciation events, visible by poorly resolved branches on phylogenies and networks, some of which were likely confounded by incomplete lineage sorting. Clinal genomic variation in some sublineages follows phylogenetic progression, which coupled with sympatric occurrences of distantly related species suggests that both geographic and ecological speciation have been important in the diversification of Syzygium. Together, these results point to a mixture of both neutral and adaptive drivers having contributed to the radiation of the genus.
Feasibility of a randomized clinical trial evaluating a community intervention for household tuberculosis child contact management in Cameroon and Uganda
Authors: Vasiliu Anca , Tiendrebeogo Georges , Awolu Muhamed Mbunka , Akatukwasa Cecilia , Tchakounte Boris Youngui , Ssekyanzi Bob , Tchounga Boris Kevin , Atwine Daniel , Casenghi Martina , Bonnet Maryline , group CONTACT study 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOne of the main barriers of the management of household tuberculosis child contacts is the necessity for parents to bring healthy children to the facility. We assessed the feasibility of a community intervention for tuberculosis (TB) household child contact management and the conditions for its evaluation in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Cameroon and Uganda.MethodsWe assessed three dimensions of feasibility using a mixed method approach: (1) recruitment capability using retrospective aggregated data from facility registers; (2) acceptability of the intervention using focus group discussions with TB patients and in-depth interviews with healthcare providers and community leaders; and (3) adaptation, integration and resources of the intervention in existing TB services using a survey and discussions with stakeholders.ResultsReaching the sample size is feasible in all clusters in 15 months with the condition of regrouping 2 facilities in the same cluster in Uganda due to decentralization of TB services. Community health worker (CHW) selection and training and simplified tools for contact screening, tolerability and adherence of preventive therapy were key elements for the implementation of the community intervention Healthcare providers and patients found the intervention of child contact investigations and TB preventive treatment management in the household acceptable in both countries due to its benefits (competing priorities, transport cost) as compared to facility-based management. TB stigma was present, but not a barrier for the community intervention. Visit schedule and team conduct were identified as key facilitators for the interventionConclusionsThis study shows that evaluating a community intervention for TB child contact management in a cluster randomized trials is feasible in Cameroon and Uganda.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03832023. Registered on February 6th 2019
Optimized Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxide Lactate Nanosheets and Their Biological Effects on Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: Wu Hongyang , Zhang He , Li Xinyu , Zhang Yu , Wang Jiankun , Wang Qiang , Wan Yinglang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Layered double hydroxide lactate nanosheets (LDH-lactate-NS) are powerful carriers for delivering macro-molecules into intact plant cells. In the past few years, some studies have been carried out on DNA/RNA transformation and plant disease resistance, but little attention has been paid to these factors during LDH-lactate-NS synthesis and delamination, nor has their relationship to the DNA adsorption capacity or transformation efficiency of plant cells been considered. Results: Since the temperature during delamination alters particle sizes and zeta potentials of LDH-lactate-NS products, we compared the LDH-lactate-NS stability, DNA adsorption rate and delivery efficiency of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) of them, found that the LDH-lactate-NS obtained at 25℃ has the best characters for delivering biomolecules into plant cell. To understand the potential side effects and cytotoxicity of LDH-lactate-NS to plants, we compared the root growth rate between the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in the culture medium with 1-300 μg/mL LDH-lactate-NS and equivalent raw material, Mg(lactate)2 and Al (lactate)3. Phenotypic analysis showed LDH in a range of 1-300 μg/mL can enhance the root elongation, whereas the same concentration of raw materials dramatically inhibited root elongation, suggesting the nanocrystallization has a dramatical de-toxic effect to Mg(lactate)2 and Al (lactate)3. Since enhancing of root elongation by LDH is an unexpected phenomenon, we further designed experiments to investigate influence of LDH to Arabidopsis seedlings. We further used the gravitropic bending test, qRT-PCR analysis of auxin transport proteins, non-invasive micro-test technology and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the auxin transport and distribution in Arabidopsis root. Results indicated that LDH-lactate-NS affect root growth by increasing the polar auxin transport.Conclusions: Optimal synthesized LDH-lactate-NS can delivery biomolecules into intact plant cells with high efficiency and low cytotoxity. The working solution of LDH-lactate-NS can promote root elongation via increase the polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis roots.
Modulation by Phosphonium Ions of the Activity of Mitotropic Agents Based on the Chemiluminescence of Luminols
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñiz Gemma M. , Mikroulis Theodoros , Pantelia Anna , Rotas Georgios , Cuquerella M. Consuelo , Vougioukalakis Georgios C. , Miranda Miguel A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting drugs and diagnostics are used in the monitoring and treatment of mitochondrial pathologies. In this respect, a great number of functional compounds have been made mitotropic by covalently attaching the active moiety onto a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation. Among these compounds, a number of molecular detectors for reactive oxygen species (ROS) are based on fluorescent and chemiluminescent probes. In this regard, luminol (probably the most widely known chemiluminescent molecule) has been employed for a number of biological applications, including ROS detection. Its oxidation under specific conditions triggers a cascade of reactions, ultimately leading to the excited 3-aminophthalate (3AP*), which emits light upon deactivation. Hence, the photophysical interaction between the light emitting species 3AP* and TPP cations needs to be evaluated, as it can add valuable information on the design of novel emission-based mitotropic systems. We herein investigate the quenching effect of ethyltriphenylphosphonium cation onto substituted 3-aminophthalates. These were prepared in situ upon the hydrolysis of the corresponding anhydrides, which were synthesized from 3-aminophthalimides. Steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved experiments were employed for the evaluation of a possible electron transfer quenching by phosphonium ions. Our experimental results confirmed such quenching, suggesting it is mainly dynamic in nature. A minor contribution of static quenching that was also detected is attributed to complex formation in the ground state. Accordingly, the chemiluminescence of luminol was indeed strongly reduced in the presence of phosphonium ions. Our results have to be taken into account during the design of new chemiluminescent mitotropic drugs or diagnostic agents of the luminol family.
Zn2+ -Schiff’s base Complex as an “On-Off-On” Molecular Switch and a Fluorescence Probe for the Cu2+ and Ag+ ions
Authors: Elroby Shaaban , Banaser Bashair Abdullah , Aziz Saadullah G , Jedidi Abdesslem , Hassan Walid I , Osman Osman I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study presents a thorough theoretical analysis of the electronic structure and conformational preference of the Schiff’s base ligand N,N-bis(2-hydroxybenzilidene)-2,4,6-trimethyl benzene-1,3-diamine (H2L) and its metal complexes with Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ag+ ions. The study aims to investigate the behavior of H2L and the binuclear Zn2+ complex (1), as fluorescent probes for the detection of metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ag+) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). The six conformers of the H2L ligand were optimized using B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory, while the L-2-metal complexes were optimized by applying B3LYP functional with LANL2DZ/6-311++G** mixed basis set. The gas-phase and solvated Enol-cis isomer (E-cis) was found to be the most stable species. The absorption spectra of E-cis isomer and its metal complexes were simulated using B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X and ωB97X functionals with a 6-311++G** basis set for C, O, N and H atoms and LANL2DZ basis set for the metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ag+). The computational results of B3LYP functional were in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. Hence, it has been adopted for performing the emission calculations. The results indicated that, the metal complex (1) can act as a fluorescent chemosensor, for the detection of Ag+ and Cu2+ ions through the mechanism of the Intermolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) and as a molecular switch “On-Off-On” via the replacement of Cu2+ by Ag+ ions, as proved experimentally.
Historical and future land use and land cover changes in the Fincha watershed, Ethiopia
Authors: Regasa Motuma Shiferaw , Nones Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The increasing human pressure on African regions is recognizable from land use land cover (LULC) changes maps, as derived from satellite imagery. Using the Ethiopian Fincha watershed as a case study, the present work focuses on i) identifying historical LULC change in the period 1989-2019; ii) estimating LULC in the next thirty years, combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with Land Change Modelling (LCM). Landsat5/8 images were combined with field evidence to map LULC in three reference years (1989, 2004, 2019), while the Multi-Layer Markov Chain (MPL-MC) model of LCM was applied to forecast LULC in 2030, 2040 and 2050. The watershed was classified into six classes: waterbody, grass/swamp, built-up, agriculture; forest and shrub. The results have shown that, in the past 30 years, the Fincha watershed experienced a reduction of forest and shrubs due to ever-increasing agricultural activities, and such a trend is also expected in the future. In addition, the decrease in areas covered by natural forests can drive to an increase in soil erosion, fostering the siltation in the water reservoirs located in the basin. The study pointed out the urgency of taking actions in the basin to counteract such changes, which can eventually drive to a less sustainable environment.