bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School-based obesity interventions in the metropolitan area of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: pooled analysis from five randomised studies
Authors: Rodrigues Renata da R. M. , Hassan Bruna K. , Sgambato Michele R. , Souza Bárbara da S. N. , Cunha Diana B. , Pereira Rosangela A. , Yokoo Edna M. , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSchool-based studies, despite the large number of studies conducted, have reported inconclusive results on obesity prevention. The sample size is a major constraint in such studies by requiring large samples. This pooled analysis overcomes this problem by analysing 5926 students (mean age 11·5 years) from five randomised school-based interventions. These studies focused on encouraging students to change their drinking and eating habits, and physical activities over the one school year, with monthly 1-h sessions in the classroom; culinary class aimed at developing cooking skills to increase healthy eating and attempts to family engagement. Pooled intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models accounted for school clusters. Control and intervention groups were balanced at baseline. The overall result was a non-significant change in BMI after one school year of positive changes in behaviours associated with obesity. Estimated mean BMI changed from 19·02 to 19·22 kg/m2 in the control group and from 19·08 to 19·32 kg/m2 in the intervention group (P value of change over time = 0·09). Subgroup analyses among those overweight or with obesity at baseline also did not show differences between intervention and control groups. The percentage of fat measured by bioimpedance indicated a small reduction in the control compared with intervention (P = 0·05). This large pooled analysis showed no effect on obesity measures, although promising results were observed about modifying behaviours associated with obesity.
Binge eating among young adults: association with sociodemographic factors, nutritional intake, dietary n-6:n-3 ratio and impulsivity
Authors: Khoury Maryse , Chamsine Santa , Merheb Camil , Arfoul Edouard , Rached Maria , Younes Farah , El Osta Nada , Laye Sophie , Aoun Carla , Papazian Tatiana , Rabbaa Khabbaz Lydia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBinge eating behaviour (BE) is the major symptom of binge eating disorder (BED). This study aimed to compare the nutritional intake in the presence or absence of BE, with a particular focus on dietary n-6:n-3 ratio, to assess the association between BE and impulsivity and the mediating effect of BMI on this association. A total of 450 university students (age 18–28 years) participated. The self-administered questionnaires were a semi-quantitative FFQ and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and the binge eating scale. The average BE score was 11·6 (se 7·388), and 20 % of the total participants scored above the cut-off of 17, thus presenting BE with 95 % CI of 16·3, 23·7 %. Our study revealed that greater BMI, higher total energy intake, greater negative urgency and positive urgency scores were significantly associated with BE. Participants with high value of dietary n-6:n-3 ratio were 1·335 more at risk to present a BE compared with those with a lower value of this ratio (P = 0·017). The relationship between BE score and UPPS domains score was not mediated by the BMI. This is the first study reporting a link between high dietary n-6:n-3 ratio and BE as well as the fact that BE was linked to both, negative and positive urgencies, and that the association between BE and impulsivity was not mediated by BMI. These findings can help to deal more efficiently with people suffering from BE, a symptom that can precede the development of BED.
RATIONAL LOCAL SYSTEMS AND CONNECTED FINITE LOOP SPACES
Authors: HEARD DREW 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGreenlees has conjectured that the rational stable equivariant homotopy category of a compact Lie group always has an algebraic model. Based on this idea, we show that the category of rational local systems on a connected finite loop space always has a simple algebraic model. When the loop space arises from a connected compact Lie group, this recovers a special case of a result of Pol and Williamson about rational cofree G-spectra. More generally, we show that if K is a closed subgroup of a compact Lie group G such that the Weyl group WGK is connected, then a certain category of rational G-spectra “at K” has an algebraic model. For example, when K is the trivial group, this is just the category of rational cofree G-spectra, and this recovers the aforementioned result. Throughout, we pay careful attention to the role of torsion and complete categories.
Depressive symptoms and allostatic load have a bidirectional association among Puerto Rican older adults
Authors: McClain Amanda C. , Xiao Rui S. , Tucker Katherine L. , Falcón Luis M. , Mattei Josiemer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression is strongly associated with chronic disease; yet, the direction of this relationship is poorly understood. Allostatic load (AL) provides a framework for elucidating depression-disease pathways. We aimed to investigate bidirectional, longitudinal associations of baseline depressive symptoms or AL with 5-year AL or depressive symptoms, respectively.MethodsData were from baseline, 2-year, and 5-year visits of 620 adults (45–75 years) enrolled in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. The Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (0–60) captured depressive symptoms, which were categorized at baseline as low (<8), subthreshold (8–15), or depression-likely (⩾16) symptoms. AL was calculated from 11 parameters of biological functioning, representing five physiological systems. Baseline AL scores were categorized by the number of dysregulated parameters: low (0–2), moderate (3–5), or high (⩾6) AL. Multivariable, multilevel random intercept and slope linear regression models were used to examine associations between 3-category baseline CES-D score and 5-year continuous AL score, and between baseline 3-category AL and 5-year continuous CES-D score.ResultsBaseline subthreshold depressive symptoms [(mean (95% CI)): 4.8 (4.5–5.2)], but not depression-likely symptoms [4.5 (4.2–4.9)], was significantly associated with higher 5-year AL scores, compared to low depressive symptoms [4.3 (3.9–4.7)]. Baseline high AL [19.4 (17.6–21.2)], but not low AL [18.5 (16.5–20.6)], was significantly associated with higher 5-year CES-D score, compared to baseline moderate AL [16.9 (15.3–18.5)].ConclusionsDepressive symptoms and AL had a bi-directional relationship over time, indicating a nuanced pathway linking depression with chronic diseases among a minority population.
Within-family influences on dimensional neurobehavioral traits in a high-risk genetic model
Authors: Fiksinski Ania M. , Heung Tracy , Corral Maria , Breetvelt Elemi J. , Costain Gregory , Marshall Christian R. , Kahn Rene S. , Vorstman Jacob A.S. , Bassett Anne S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenotype-first and within-family studies can elucidate factors that contribute to psychiatric illness. Combining these approaches, we investigated the patterns of influence of parental scores, a high-impact variant, and schizophrenia on dimensional neurobehavioral phenotypes implicated in major psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe quantitatively assessed cognitive (FSIQ, VIQ, PIQ), social, and motor functioning in 82 adult individuals with a de novo 22q11.2 deletion (22 with schizophrenia), and 148 of their unaffected parents. We calculated within-family correlations and effect sizes of the 22q11.2 deletion and schizophrenia, and used linear regressions to assess contributions to neurobehavioral measures.ResultsProband-parent intra-class correlations (ICC) were significant for cognitive measures (e.g. FSIQ ICC = 0.549, p < 0.0001), but not for social or motor measures. Compared to biparental scores, the 22q11.2 deletion conferred significant impairments for all phenotypes assessed (effect sizes −1.39 to −2.07 s.d.), strongest for PIQ. There were further decrements in those with schizophrenia. Regression models explained up to 37.7% of the variance in IQ and indicated that for proband IQ, parental IQ had larger effects than schizophrenia.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, disentangles the impact of a high-impact variant from the modifying effects of parental scores and schizophrenia on relevant neurobehavioral phenotypes. The robust proband-parent correlations for cognitive measures, independent of the impact of the 22q11.2 deletion and of schizophrenia, suggest that, for certain phenotypes, shared genetic variation plays a significant role in expression. Molecular genetic and predictor studies are needed to elucidate shared factors and their contribution to psychiatric illness in this and other high-risk groups.
Stele for Magistrate Jing Yun 景雲: An Eastern Han memorial stele from the south-west with reference to the Chuci 楚辭
Authors: Elias Hajni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn Eastern Han stele with an unusual relief decoration and 367 character memorial inscription tells us much about the south-west of China in early imperial times. Unearthed in 2004 from the banks of the Yangtze River and dated to 173ce, the stele was dedicated to Quren county magistrate Jing Yun who died 70 years earlier in 103ce. The paper provides a full translation, annotation, and analysis of the stele's commemorative text, which borrows from the content and language of one of China's oldest anthologies of poems, theChuci, and places it in its historical context. It also examines the iconography at the head of the stele which reflects beliefs in transcendence and the pursuit of immortality prevalent at the time and demonstrates its close relation to the inscription. Overall, the paper suggests that the decoration and text together exhibit a regional heritage that is distinct to the south-west, its memorial culture, and poetic and religious traditions.
Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory
Authors: Brunner Eric J. , Maruyama Koutatsu , Shipley Martin , Cable Noriko , Iso Hiroyasu , Hiyoshi Ayako , Stallone Daryth , Kumari Meena , Tabak Adam , Singh-Manoux Archana , Wilson John , Langenberg Claudia , Wareham Nick , Boniface David , Hingorani Aroon , Kivimäki Mika , Llewellyn Clare 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain.

Subjects/methods
We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals. Genetic risk of obesity (gene risk score: GRS) was ascertained, comprising 92 BMI-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and split at a median (=high and low risk). At the baseline, the Eating Inventory was used to assess appetite-related traits of ‘disinhibition’, indicative of opportunistic eating or overeating and ‘hunger’ which is susceptibility to/ability to cope with the sensation of hunger. Roles of the GRS and two appetite-related scores for BMI trajectories were examined using a mixed model adjusted for the cohort effect and sex.

Results
Disinhibition was associated with higher BMI (β = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.66–3.25 kg/m2), and accounted for 34% of the genetically-linked BMI difference at age 45. Hunger was also associated with higher BMI (β = 1.20; 0.82–1.59 kg/m2) during mid-life and slightly steeper weight gain, but did not attenuate the effect of disinhibition.

Conclusions
Appetite disinhibition is most likely to be a defining characteristic of genetic susceptibility to obesity. High levels of appetite disinhibition, rather than hunger, may underlie genetic vulnerability to obesogenic environments in two-thirds of the population of European ancestry.
Maternal cafeteria diet exposure primes depression-like behavior in the offspring evoking lower brain volume related to changes in synaptic terminals and gliosis
Authors: Trujillo-Villarreal Luis A. , Romero-Díaz Viktor J. , Marino-Martínez Iván Alberto , Fuentes-Mera Lizeth , Ponce-Camacho Marco Antonio , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Mallar Chakravarty M. , Camacho-Morales Alberto , Garza-Villarreal Eduardo E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMaternal nutritional programming by caloric exposure during pregnancy and lactation results in long-term behavioral modification in the offspring. Here, we characterized the effect of maternal caloric exposure on synaptic and brain morphological organization and its effects on depression-like behavior susceptibility in rats’ offspring. Female Wistar rats were exposed to chow or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 9 weeks (pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation) and then switched to chow diet after weaning. By postnatal day 60, the male Wistar rat offspring were tested for depressive-like behavior using operational conditioning, novelty suppressed feeding, sucrose preference, and open-field test. Brain macro and microstructural morphology were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging deformation-based morphometry (DBM) and western blot, immunohistochemistry for NMDA and AMPA receptor, synaptophysin and myelin, respectively. We found that the offspring of mothers exposed to CAF diet displayed deficient motivation showing decrease in the operant conditioning, sucrose preference, and suppressed feeding test. Macrostructural DBM analysis showed reduction in the frontomesocorticolimbic circuit volume including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Microstructural analysis revealed reduced synaptic terminals in hippocampus and NAc, whereas increased glial fibrillary acidic protein in hippocampus and lateral hypothalamus, as well as a decrease in the hippocampal cell number and myelin reduction in the dentate gyrus and hilus, respectively. Also, offspring exhibited increase of the GluR1 and GLUR2 subunits of AMPA receptor, whereas a decrease in the mGluR2 expression in hippocampus. Our findings reveal that maternal programming might prime depression-like behavior in the offspring by modulating macro and micro brain organization of the frontomesocorticolimbic circuit.
Probing the clinical and brain structural boundaries of bipolar and major depressive disorder
Authors: Yang Tao , Frangou Sophia , Lam Raymond W. , Huang Jia , Su Yousong , Zhao Guoqing , Mao Ruizhi , Zhu Na , Zhou Rubai , Lin Xiao , Xia Weiping , Wang Xing , Wang Yun , Peng Daihui , Wang Zuowei , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Chen Jun , Fang Yiru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have both common and distinct clinical features, that pose both conceptual challenges in terms of their diagnostic boundaries and practical difficulties in optimizing treatment. Multivariate machine learning techniques offer new avenues for exploring these boundaries based on clinical neuroanatomical features. Brain structural data were obtained at 3 T from a sample of 90 patients with BD, 189 patients with MDD, and 162 healthy individuals. We applied sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (s-PLS-DA) to identify clinical and brain structural features that may discriminate between the two clinical groups, and heterogeneity through discriminative analysis (HYDRA) to detect patient subgroups with reference to healthy individuals. Two clinical dimensions differentiated BD from MDD (area under the curve: 0.76, P < 0.001); one dimension emphasized disease severity as well as irritability, agitation, anxiety and flight of ideas and the other emphasized mostly elevated mood. Brain structural features could not distinguish between the two disorders. HYDRA classified patients in two clusters that differed in global and regional cortical thickness, the distribution proportion of BD and MDD and positive family history of psychiatric disorders. Clinical features remain the most reliable discriminant attributed of BD and MDD depression. The brain structural findings suggests that biological partitions of patients with mood disorders are likely to lead to the identification of subgroups, that transcend current diagnostic divisions into BD and MDD and are more likely to be aligned with underlying genetic variation. These results set the foundation for future studies to enhance our understanding of brain–behavior relationships in mood disorders.
Structural diverseness of neurons between brain areas and between cases
Authors: Mizutani Ryuta , Saiga Rino , Yamamoto Yoshiro , Uesugi Masayuki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Kentaro , Terada Yasuko , Suzuki Yoshio , De Andrade Vincent , De Carlo Francesco , Takekoshi Susumu , Inomoto Chie , Nakamura Naoya , Torii Youta , Kushima Itaru , Iritani Shuji , Ozaki Norio , Oshima Kenichi , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cerebral cortex is composed of multiple cortical areas that exert a wide variety of brain functions. Although human brain neurons are genetically and areally mosaic, the three-dimensional structural differences between neurons in different brain areas or between the neurons of different individuals have not been delineated. Here we report a nanometer-scale geometric analysis of brain tissues of the superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia and control cases. The results of the analysis and a comparison with results for the anterior cingulate cortex indicated that (1) neuron structures are significantly dissimilar between brain areas and that (2) the dissimilarity varies from case to case. The structural diverseness was mainly observed in terms of the neurite curvature that inversely correlates with the diameters of the neurites and spines. The analysis also revealed the geometric differences between the neurons of the schizophrenia and control cases. The schizophrenia cases showed a thin and tortuous neuronal network compared with the controls, suggesting that the neuron structure is associated with the disorder. The area dependency of the neuron structure and its diverseness between individuals should represent the individuality of brain functions.
Effect of 5-HT2A receptor antagonism on levels of D2/3 receptor occupancy and adverse behavioral side-effects induced by haloperidol: a SPECT imaging study in the rat
Authors: Tsartsalis Stergios , Tournier Benjamin B. , Gloria Yesica , Millet Philippe , Ginovart Nathalie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral studies suggested that 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) blockade may provide a more favorable efficacy and side-effect profile to antipsychotic treatment. We hypothesized that a combined haloperidol (a D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) antagonist) and MDL-100,907 (a 5-HT2AR antagonist) treatment would reverse the side effects and the neurochemical alterations induced by haloperidol alone and would potentialize its efficacy. We thus chronically treated male Mdr1a knock-out rats with several doses of haloperidol alone or in combination with a saturating dose of a MDL-100,907. Receptor occupancy at clinically relevant levels was validated with a dual-radiotracer in-vivo SPECT imaging of D2/3R and 5-HT2AR occupancy. Experimental tests of efficacy (dizocilpine-disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex) and side effects (catalepsy, vacuous chewing movements) were performed. Finally, a second dual-radiotracer in-vivo SPECT scan assessed the neurochemical changes induced by the chronic treatments. Chronic haloperidol failed to reverse PPI disruption induced by dizocilpine, whilst administration of MDL-100,907 along with haloperidol was associated with a reversal of the effect of dizocilpine. Haloperidol at 0.5 mg/kg/day and at 1 mg/kg/day induced catalepsy that was significantly alleviated (by ~50%) by co-treatment with MDL-100,907 but only at 0.5 mg/kg/day dose of haloperidol. Chronic haloperidol treatment, event at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day induced a significant upregulation of the D2/3R in the striatum (by over 40% in the nucleus accumbens and over 20% in the caudate-putamen nuclei), that was not reversed by MDL-100,907. Finally, an upregulation of 5-HT2AR after chronic haloperidol treatment at a moderate dose only (0.25 mg/kg/day) was demonstrated in frontal cortical regions and the ventral tegmental area. Overall, a partial contribution of a 5-HT2AR antagonism to the efficacy and side-effect profile of antipsychotic agents is suggested.
Acetylation-dependent glutamate receptor GluR signalosome formation for STAT3 activation in both transcriptional and metabolism regulation
Authors: Li Xiang-Rong , Cheng Xiaju , Sun Jia , Xu Yan S. , Chen Nannan , Hao Yimei , Huang Chao , Chin Y. Eugene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBesides their original regulating roles in the brain, spinal cord, retina, and peripheral nervous system for mediating fast excitatory synaptic transmission, glutamate receptors consisting of metabotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) and ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) have emerged to have a critical role in the biology of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, the precise mechanism underpinning the signal transduction mediated by ligand-bound GluRs is not clearly elucidated. Here, we show that iGluRs, GluR1 and GluR2, are acetylated by acetyltransferase CREB-binding protein upon glutamate stimulation of cells, and are targeted by lysyl oxidase-like 2 for deacetylation. Acetylated GluR1/2 recruit β-arrestin1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to form a protein complex. Both β-arrestin1/2 and STAT3 are subsequently acetylated and activated. Simultaneously, activated STAT3 acetylated at lysine 685 translocates to mitochondria to upregulate energy metabolism-related gene transcription. Our results reveal that acetylation-dependent formation of GluR1/2–β-arrestin1/2–STAT3 signalosome is critical for glutamate-induced cell proliferation.
Omega 3 fatty acids stimulate thermogenesis during torpor in the Arctic Ground Squirrel
Authors: Rice S. A. , Mikes M. , Bibus D. , Berdyshev E. , Reisz J. A. , Gehrke S. , Bronova I. , D’Alessandro A. , Drew K. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOmega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence metabolism and thermogenesis in non-hibernators. How omega 3 PUFAs influence Arctic Ground Squirrels (AGS) during hibernation is unknown. Prior to hibernation we fed AGS chow composed of an omega 6:3 ratio approximately 1:1 (high in omega 3 PUFA, termed Balanced Diet), or an omega 6:3 ratio of 5:1 (Standard Rodent Chow), and measured the influence of diet on core body temperature (Tb), brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, fatty acid profiles of BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and plasma as well as hypothalamic endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like bioactive fatty acid amides during hibernation. Results show feeding a diet high in omega 3 PUFAs, with a more balanced omega 6:3 ratio, increases AGS Tb in torpor. We found the diet-induced increase in Tb during torpor is most easily explained by an increase in the mass of BAT deposits of Balanced Diet AGS. The increase in BAT mass is associated with elevated levels of metabolites DHA and EPA in tissue and plasma suggesting that these omega 3 PUFAs may play a role in thermogenesis during torpor. While we did not observe diet-induced change in endocannabinoids, we do report altered hypothalamic levels of some endocannabinoids, and endocannabinoid-like compounds, during hibernation.