bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored Light Scattering through Hyperuniform Disorder in Self‐Organized Arrays of High‐Index Nanodisks
Authors: Piechulla Peter M. , Fuhrmann Bodo , Slivina Evgeniia , Rockstuhl Carsten , Wehrspohn Ralf B. , Sprafke Alexander N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArrays of nanoparticles exploited in light scattering applications commonly only feature either a periodic or a rather random arrangement of its constituents. For the periodic case, light scattering is mostly governed by the strong spatial correlations of the arrangement, expressed by the structure factor. For the random case, structural correlations cancel each other out and light scattering is mostly governed by the scattering properties of the individual scatterer, expressed by the form factor. In contrast to these extreme cases, it is shown here that hyperuniform disorder in self‐organized large‐area arrays of high refractive index nanodisks enables both structure and form factor to impact the resulting scattering pattern, offering novel means to tailor light scattering. The scattering response from the authors’ nearly hyperuniform interfaces can be exploited in a large variety of applications and constitutes a novel class of advanced optical materials.
Is competition among soft drinks, juices, and other major beverage categories responsible for reducing Americans' milk consumption?
Authors: Stewart Hayden , Kuchler Fred , Hahn William 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUS per capita milk consumption has been falling since the 1940s and falling at an accelerated rate in recent years. One possible reason is competition between it and other types of beverages. In this study, we determine whether changes in beverage prices are in a direction and of a sufficient magnitude for consumption trends to be explained by price competition between milk and other beverages. They are not. We also estimate a vector autoregressive model using data on households' average weekly purchases of milk and four other, major beverage categories for a very general test of whether any increase in sales of those other beverages would come at milk's expense. Results again suggest that competition between milk and the identified other major beverages is not responsible for milk's accelerated decline, and there is a need for the research community to investigate other possible explanations. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q11, Q18].
Rapid species and river‐of‐origin determination for matamata turtles (Chelus sp.) using real‐time PCR: Facilitating rapid return of trafficked specimens back to the wild
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego , Chapman Demian D. , Robles Yurby L. , Ussa Diego A. , Caballero Susana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Illegal wildlife trade is a major global threat to biodiversity. Environmental authorities around the world face many challenges enforcing and implementing laws intended to protect wild species. Wildlife forensic protocols can help to solve many of these implementation and enforcement issues.
Matamata turtles comprise two different species that look identical (Chelus fimbriata, Chelus orinocensis), which are geographically separated into the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, respectively, in South America. The trade in matamata turtles (Chelus sp.) is illegal in Colombia and law enforcement officers need to identify confiscated individuals to the species level in order to return them to the correct river basin. This is a time‐sensitive problem because increasing time in captivity can lead to mortality and imposes logistical and financial burdens on resource managers.
This article presents the development of a reliable, potentially field‐based, fast (~2 h), and cost‐effective (~USD$1 per sample identified) real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay to identify live matamata turtles to the species level, which facilitates accurate and fast translocation back to the correct river‐of‐origin.
This assay was applied in a real law enforcement scenario where confiscated matamata turtles were quickly identified as C. orinocensis, showing that they should be returned to the Orinoco basin. This research highlights the practicality and usefulness of these kinds of protocols to solve wildlife trade issues faced by law enforcement officers, and provides a blueprint for the development and implementation of field‐based molecular protocols to enhance the enforcement and implementation of laws intended to protect wildlife subject to illegal trade.
Given the widespread detection of illegal trade in wildlife and the threat that it poses to biodiversity, it is critical that these types of protocols and collaborative efforts among all stakeholders continue to be developed and implemented.
No correlation between acetylcholine receptor antibody concentration and individual clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis: A systematic retrospective study involving 67 patients
Authors: Wang Lulu , Wang Shumin , Yang Haonan , Han Jiaojiao , Zhao Xue , Han Sensen , Zhang Yingna , Lv Jie , Zhang Jing , Li Mingqiang , Ji Ying , Zhou Shuxian , He Xiaoxiao , Fang Hua , Yang Junhong , Zhang Yunke , Zhang Qingyong , Gao Peiyang , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR‐Ab) concentration levels and individualized clinical symptoms in patients with AChR myasthenia gravis (AChR‐MG) in China.MethodsELISA was used to determine the concentration of AChR‐Ab in patients with MG. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) Clinical Classification, Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score, and MG‐specific activities of daily living (MG‐ADL) scoring systems were used to evaluate the clinical status of patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between the AChR‐Ab concentration and clinical score. The changes in the antibody concentration and clinical score are shown in MGFA‐antibody concentration–treatment plots.ResultsAutoantibody detection tests were performed in 67 patients, and their clinical scores were recorded. Forty‐nine patients received immunosuppressive therapy, 17 patients received pyridostigmine only, and 1 patient under thymectomy without any medication. The AChR‐Ab concentration correlated with the MGFA Classification in 5 (29.4%) patients in the pyridostigmine‐only group and 15 (30.6%) patients in the immunosuppressive drug group. The changes in the MGFA Classification preceded the changes in the AChR‐Ab concentration in 4 (23.5%) patients treated with pyridostigmine and 10 (20.4%) patients on immunosuppressive drugs. In patients on oral non‐steroidal immunosuppressants, the AChR‐Ab concentration changed by more than 50%, whereas the MGFA Classification did not increase. The AChR‐Ab concentration decreased in 17/32 (53.1%) patients after thymectomy, and then increased, whereas the AChR‐Ab concentration increased in 15/32 (46.9%) patients and the MGFA Classification decreased in 27/32 (81.8%) patients after thymectomy. The AChR‐Ab concentration presented a slight correlation with the corresponding MGFA, QMG, and MG‐ADL in patients with thymoma.DiscussionIn the Chinese AChR‐MG population, the Changes in the AChR‐Ab concentration in individuals with AChR‐MG did not consistently correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms.
A pharmacophore‐based classification better predicts the outcomes of HER2‐negative breast cancer patients receiving the anthracycline‐ and/or taxane‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Li Xuan , Sun Hefen , Liu Qiqi , Liu Yang , Hou Yifeng , Jin Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsPrognosis of patients for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative breast cancer post neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not well understood. The aim of this study was to develop a novel pharmacophore‐based signature to better classify and predict the risk of HER2‐negative patients after anthracycline‐and/or taxane‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).Main methodsAnthracycline and taxane pharmacophore‐based genes were obtained from PharmMapper. Drug‐targeted genes (DTG) related clinical and bioinformatic analyses were undertaken in four GEO datasets.Key findingsWe used 12 genes from the pharmacophore to develop a DTG score (DTG‐S). The DTG‐S classification exhibited significant prognostic ability with respect to disease free survival (DFS) for HER2‐negative patients who receive at least one type of neoadjuvant chemotherapy that included anthracycline and/or taxane. DTG‐S associated with a high predictive ability for pathological complete response (pCR) as well as for prognosis of breast cancer. Using the DTG‐S classification in other prediction models may improve the reclassification accuracy for DFS. Combining the DTG‐S with other clinicopathological factors may further improve its predictive ability of patients’ outcomes. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the biological processes of DTG‐S high group were associated with the cell cycle, cell migration, and cell signal transduction pathways. Targeted drug analysis shows that some CDK inhibitors and PI3K‐AKT pathway inhibitors may be useful for high DTG‐S patients.SignificanceThe DTG‐S classification adds prognostic and predictive information to classical parameters for HER2‐negative patients who receive anthracycline‐and/or taxane‐based NACT, which could improve the patients’ risk stratification and may help guide adjuvant treatment.
Transcriptomic heterogeneity of driver gene mutations reveals novel mutual exclusivity and improves exploration of functional associations
Authors: Lan Yujia , Liu Wei , Zhang Wanmei , Hu Jing , Zhu Xiaojing , Wan Linyun , A Suru , Ping Yanyan , Xiao Yun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as the most common subtype of lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. The accumulation of driver gene mutations enables cancer cells to gradually acquire growth advantage. Therefore, it is important to understand the functions and interactions of driver gene mutations in cancer progression.MethodsWe obtained gene mutation data and gene expression profile of 506 LUAD tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The subtypes of tumors with driver gene mutations were identified by consensus cluster analysis.ResultsWe found 21 significantly mutually exclusive pairs consisting of 20 genes among 506 LUAD patients. Because of the increased transcriptomic heterogeneity of mutations, we identified subtypes among tumors with non‐silent mutations in driver genes. There were 494 mutually exclusive pairs found among driver gene mutations within different subtypes. Furthermore, we identified functions of mutually exclusive pairs based on the hypothesis of functional redundancy of mutual exclusivity. These mutually exclusive pairs were significantly enriched in nuclear division and humoral immune response, which played crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression. We also found 79 mutually exclusive triples among subtypes of tumors with driver gene mutations, which were key roles in cell motility and cellular chemical homeostasis. In addition, two mutually exclusive triples and one mutually exclusive triple were associated with the overall survival and disease‐specific survival of LUAD patients, respectively.ConclusionsWe revealed novel mutual exclusivity and generated a comprehensive functional landscape of driver gene mutations, which could offer a new perspective to understand the mechanisms of cancer development and identify potential biomarkers for LUAD therapy.
Quinoline adsorption from organic phase on X‐type zeolites: Experimental and DFT study
Authors: Ofoghi Salman , Soleimani Mansooreh , Takht Ravanchi Maryam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the adsorptive denitrogenation from organic phase over zeolite adsorbents was studied by batch adsorption experiments. An appropriate amount of quinoline as a nitrogen‐containing compound was dissolved in iso‐octane and utilized as feed. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 physical adsorption, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The NiX zeolites showed a higher ion‐exchange degree and lower crystallinity. The maximum adsorption capacity and kinetic constant of CrX zeolite as compared to NaX zeolite were improved by 10% and 70%, respectively. Based on the kinetic and thermodynamic studies, it was found that CrX zeolite is a very efficient adsorbent for the removal of quinoline from iso‐octane. Also, the underlying mechanism for quinoline adsorption on parent X and ion‐exchanged zeolite was investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method. DFT results indicated that among all the cations in zeolites, Cr3+ shows the strongest interaction with nitrogen in the quinoline molecule. The used parent NaX and ion‐exchanged zeolite can also be regenerated by ethanol elution and heating at 573 K, and 65% to 90% of the adsorption capacity of the zeolites was regenerated by these methods.
Long‐term depression incidence and associated mortality among African American and White prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Parikh Ravi B. , Gallo Joseph J. , Wong Yu‐Ning , Robinson Kyle W. , Cashy John P. , Narayan Vivek , Jayadevappa Ravishankar , Chhatre Sumedha 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDepression is common after a diagnosis of prostate cancer and may contribute to poor outcomes, particularly among African Americans. The authors assessed the incidence and management of depression and its impact on overall mortality among African American and White veterans with localized prostate cancer.MethodsThe authors used the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse to identify 40,412 African American and non‐Hispanic White men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer from 2001 to 2013. Patients were followed through 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure associations between race and incident depression, which were ascertained from administrative and depression screening data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure associations between incident depression and all‐cause mortality, with race‐by‐depression interactions used to assess disparities.ResultsOverall, 10,013 veterans (24.5%) were diagnosed with depression after a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Incident depression was associated with higher all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23‐1.32). African American veterans were more likely than White veterans to be diagnosed with depression (29.3% vs 23.2%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.21). Among those with depression, African Americans were less likely to be prescribed an antidepressant (30.4% vs 31.7%; aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.93). The hazard of all‐cause mortality associated with depression was greater for African American veterans than White veterans (aHR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.26‐1.38] vs 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07‐1.24]; race‐by‐depression interaction P < .001).ConclusionsIncident depression is common among prostate cancer survivors and is associated with higher mortality, particularly among African American men. Patient‐centered strategies to manage incident depression may be critical to reducing disparities in prostate cancer outcomes.
Conditional pre‐trained attention based Chinese question generation
Authors: Zhang Liang , Fang Ligang , Fan Zheng , Li Wei , An Jing 
Published: June 2021

SummaryQuestion generation is a promising and important area in natural language processing. According to the information of the given text, the question generation model can automatically generate a variety of questions, which are conducive to processing various subsequent tasks. Chinese question generation is a specific sub‐area of question generation. Due to the characteristics of Chinese question generation tasks, many methods are not suitable for it, and the generated results are either incorrect in word order or invalid expression. In order to address such challenging problem, we propose the conditional pre‐trained attention model termed A Lite BERT Conditional Question Generation (ALBERT‐CQG) for Chinese question generation. Through introducing general background knowledge of the pre‐trained model and conditional information of the given answers, this model has capacity of generating more valid expression. To our knowledge, we are the first to apply the conditional pre‐trained attention model to Chinese question generation tasks. The experimental results on two known benchmark datasets of Chinese question answering show that the ALBERT‐CQG outperforms its recent peers.
Estimated insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular risk, and hepatic steatosis after 12 years from the onset of T1D
Authors: Petrelli Arianna , Ravà Lucilla , Mascali Alberto , Rapini Novella , Massoud Michela , Manca Bitti Maria Luisa , Cianfarani Stefano , Manco Melania 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that intensive insulin treatment and optimal glycaemic control are not fully protective against reduction of insulin sensitivity in children with type 1 diabetes.Material and methodsCohort study of 78 normal‐weight patients with prepubertal onset (T0) and follow‐up waves at 1 (T1), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), and 12 (T12) years; matched for age and sex to 30 controls at T12. Estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS) by three formulae; ultrasound evaluation of para and perirenal fat thickness; hepatic steatosis (HS); carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) at T12.ResultsAt T12, the 36 patients (46%) who had constantly or prevalently haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 58 mmol/l during follow‐up showed better eIS indexes (p = 0.049 to <0.0001); lipid profile (p = 0.042 to <0.0001), reduced fat mass (p = 0.012) and required lower insulin dose (p = 0.032) than the 42 patients (54%) with HbA1c ≥ 58 at T12. Patients (N = 25) with eISEDC < 8.77 mg kg−1 min−1 showed higher cIMT (p < 0.0001). HS was found in 6 patients (∼8%). In patients and normal‐weight controls, fat mass (p = 0.03), age (p = 0.03), cIMT (p = 0.05) predicted HS; eIS indexes (p from 0.04 to <0.0001) predicted cIMT. Body mass index, perirenal fat, fat mass, and triglycerides to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were associated with eIS indexes (p from 0.03 to <0.0001).ConclusionsYoung T1D patients have reduced insulin sensitivity and higher cIMT. Adiposity, glucose, and lipid control over follow‐up are likely to influence both. Enhanced adiposity seems of paramount relevance for the onset of HS in T1D patients alike in healthy youths.
Luminescent, Helical and Highly Stable Zn(II) and Cd(II) Coordination Polymers: Structural Diversity and Selective Sensing of 4‐Nitroaniline in Water
Authors: Chanda Alokananda , Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUtilizing a bent bis(naphthalene) and hydroxy‐based dicarboxylate linker (mbhna) and two different tridentate polypyridyl ligands (bpma and bpta), four new coordination polymers (CPs) of Zn(II) and Cd(II) namely, [Zn(mbhna)(bpma)]n (1) {[Cd(mbhna)(bpma)].DMF}n (2) [Zn(mbhna)(bpta)]n (3) {[Cd(mbhna)(bpta)(CH3OH)]}n (4), are reported. Based on their solid‐state molecular structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry, all are found to be helical 1D CP; interestingly, 4 crystallizes in a chiral space group, showcasing the formation of a chiral CP from achiral components. For the presence of naphthalene moieties in mbhna, their excellent emissive nature is studied in different solvents and further utilized to selectively detect aromatic amines, particularly 4‐nitroaniline in water with detection limits at the ppm level. Utilizing the Stern‐Volmer plots, spectral overlap, and competitive test, their mechanism of action has been established. Furthermore, these are recyclable with good stability after sensing experiments.
Effect of houttuynia on improving lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Wei , Wang Bin , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of houttuynia on lung pathological injury in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rats were randomly divided into the normal control, COPD model (model), low‐dose treatment (low, 5 mg/kg), middle‐dose treatment (middle, 10 mg/kg), and high‐dose treatment (high, 25 mg/kg) groups. The COPD rat model was induced by smoking combined with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. The treatment groups were givenHouttuyniaby gavage at 30 min before smoking. The IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α concentrations in serum and BALF were determined by ELISA. The pathological morphology was detected by HE staining. The apoptosis cell number was evaluated by TUNEL assay. Apoptotic proteins (caspase‐3 and caspase‐9) were measured by IHC assay in lung tissues. The relative proteins [TLR4, MyD88, and p‐NF‐κB(p65)] were evaluated by Western blot assay in lung tissues. Compared with the model group, the low, middle, and high groups could reduce pulmonary congestion, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis cell number; downregulate the protein expression of caspase‐3, caspase‐9, TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB(p65) (p < .05); and inhibit the IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α concentrations in serum and BALF.Houttuyniacould improve the morphology and apoptosis cell number in lung tissues, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB(p65) signaling pathway.
The effect of the onset of labor on the characteristics of the cesarean scar
Authors: Al Naimi Ammar , Jennewein Lukas , Mouzakiti Niki , Louwen Frank , Bahlmann Franz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of cesarean section (CS) timing, elective versus unplanned, on the residual myometrial thickness (RMT) and CS scars.MethodsThis is a prospective single‐blinded observational cohort study with 186 observations. Patients indicated to undergo first singleton CS were preoperatively recruited. Exclusion criteria were history of repeated CS, vertical hysterotomy, diabetes, and additional uterine surgeries. Sonographic examination was performed for assessing the RMT ratio, the presence of a niche, fibrosis, and the distance from the scar to the internal os (SO) 1 year after CS. Power analysis was performed with 0.05 α, 0.1 β, and all statistical analyses were conducted with Stata®.ResultsWilcoxon rank‐sum test for the association between CS timing, RMT ratio and SO showed Z values of −0.59 and −4.94 (P = 0.553 and P < 0.001), respectively. There was no association between CS timing and niches and fibrosis (P > 0.99 and P = 0.268, respectively). Linear regression between SO and the extent of cervical dilatation showed a −0.45 β (95% confidence interval −0.68 to −0.21) and a 10.22‐mm intercept (P < 0.001).ConclusionRMT is independent of the timing of CS, but the SO distance shows a negative linear relationship with the cervical dilatation.