bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary age‐related tauopathy in a Finnish population‐based study of the oldest old (Vantaa 85+)
Authors: Savola Sara , Kaivola Karri , Raunio Anna , Kero Mia , Mäkelä Mira , Pärn Kalle , Palta Priit , Tanskanen Maarit , Tuimala Jarno , Polvikoski Tuomo , Tienari Pentti J. , Paetau Anders , Myllykangas Liisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsFew studies have investigated primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) in a population‐based setting. Here, we assessed its prevalence, genetic background, comorbidities and features of cognitive decline in an unselected elderly population.MethodsThe population‐based Vantaa 85+ study includes all 601 inhabitants of Vantaa aged ≥ 85 years in 1991. Neuropathological assessment was possible in 301. Dementia (DSM IIIR criteria) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were assessed at the baseline of the study and follow‐ups. PART subjects were identified according to the criteria by Crary et al and were compared with subjects with mild and severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes. The effects of other neuropathologies were taken into account using multivariate and sensitivity assays. Genetic analyses included APOE genotypes and 29 polymorphisms of the MAPT 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR region).ResultsThe frequency of PART was 20% (n = 61/301, definite PART 5%). When PART subjects were compared with those with severe AD pathology, dementia was less common, its age at onset was higher and duration shorter. No such differences were seen when compared with those with milder AD pathology. However, both AD groups showed a steeper decline in MMSE scores in follow‐ups compared with PART. APOE ε4 frequency was lower, and APOE ε2 frequency higher in the PART group compared with each AD group. The detected nominally significant associations between PART and two MAPT 3′UTR polymorphisms and haplotypes did not survive Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsPART is common among very elderly. PART subjects differ from individuals with AD‐type changes in the pattern of cognitive decline, associated genetic and neuropathological features.
Effects of bariatric surgery on cardiorespiratory fitness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ibacache‐Saavedra Paulina , Jerez‐Mayorga Daniel , Carretero‐Ruiz Alejandro , Miranda‐Fuentes Claudia , Cano‐Cappellacci Marcelo , Artero Enrique G. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryAlthough bariatric surgery (BS) is recognized as an effective strategy for body weight loss, its impact on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is still unclear. We aimed to examine postoperative changes in CRF (VO2max/peak) and its relationship with weight loss among adults undergoing BS. We systematically searched the WoS, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases. Observational and intervention studies were selected reporting the presurgery and postsurgery CRF, measured by breath‐by‐breath VO2 or its estimation. Eleven articles (312 patients) revealed that BS leads to a reduction in absolute VO2max/peak in the short term (effect size, ES = −0.539; 95%CI = −0.708, −0.369; p < 0.001), and those patients who suffered a more significant decrease in BMI after BS also had a greater loss of absolute VO2max/peak. However, VO2max/peak relative to body weight increased after surgery (ES = 0.658; 95%CI = 0.473, 0.842; p < 0.001). An insufficient number of studies were found investigating medium and long‐term changes in CRF after BS. This study provides moderate‐quality evidence that the weight loss induced by BS can reduce CRF in the short term, which represents a therapeutic target to optimize BS outcomes. More high‐quality studies are needed to evaluate the impact of BS on VO2max/peak in the short, medium, and long term including normalized values for fat‐free mass.
Mapping regions with partially defined boundaries
Authors: Plewe Brandon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany types of regions, even administrative regions, have boundaries that are partially or inconsistently defined, especially in historical GIS applications. Such a region may have a mix of clearly defined boundaries, vague references, uncertain locations, and gaps with no definition at all. These types of boundary definitions can be represented in a Qualified Assertion database that faithfully represents source materials. Using a hypothesis of how humans reason in these situations, an algorithm has been developed to estimate the extent of a queried region from these piecemeal boundaries, visually representing vagueness and uncertainty. This estimation is performed at query time, rather than being stored in the database. This region estimation algorithm is implemented in a web service that maps the extent of historical religious congregations that exhibit a wide variety of uncertainty and vagueness in their jurisdictional boundaries.
Protection of Patient Autonomy via Consumer Protection Litigation: The Israeli Eltroxin Class Action as a Case Study
Authors: Gidron Tamar , Schild Elad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe world famous Eltroxin saga of 2009–2011, which ignited heated public debates in Europe, Canada, and Australia, reveals the problematic nature of standalone autonomy protection cases. Eltroxin is a life‐sustaining thyroid hormone replacement medicine used by millions worldwide; it was reformulated in 2008, and around 10% of patients were badly affected. Poor communication and lack of professional information triggered public hysteria as a global wave of complaints about harmful side effects, including hair loss, weight gain, extreme fatigue, headaches, diarrhoea, and heightened heart rates, flooded the media. Israeli Eltroxin users (around 250 thousand people) were similarly unaware. Following many media reports and ministerial regulations, a high‐profile consumer class action was launched against Perrigo, the distributor. Ten years of court proceedings culminated in a compensation settlement of approximately US$ 14 million. This relatively low sum covered the injuries of those patients who were physically affected; compensation for standalone autonomy injuries to all patients (who were denied information about changes to their life‐sustaining medicine) was refused. The monetary settlement and court decision were hugely disappointing to the class plaintiffs, and a negative signal was sent to the proponents of consumers' and patients' personal autonomy. However, the class action still marked a positive change in pharmaceutical protocols for relations between health authorities, commercial pharmacy entities, and patients/consumers as seen by the proactive communication around a subsequent Eltroxin reformulation in 2020 in Israel, Europe, and South Africa (Aspen Pharmacare, 2020).1 This paper highlights the vast potential value of consumer class action proceedings, and pharmaceutical consumer (patient) class actions in particular, for public welfare and private autonomy. The paper will explain leading Israeli case law related to consumer autonomy protection in tort law and will argue that this law still holds the unique protection of autonomy as a basic human right and accordingly recognises harm to autonomy as a viable form of damage. Additionally, it illustrates why and how consumer protection class actions are an important tool for protection of human rights in general and of patients' rights in particular.
Effects of weed infestation on the productivity of hybrid and inbred rice varieties in Myanmar
Authors: Lun Thang Lam , Kyu Mar Mar , Kato‐Noguchi Hisashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDouble rice‐cropping areas in the dry and wet seasons have been increasing in Myanmar, and hybrid rice has been cultivated throughout the country. However, weeds are often not adequately managed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of weed infestation on rice production of three hybrid varieties (Palethwe 1, Palethwe 3, and Palethwe Basmati) and three inbred varieties (Manaw Thu Kha, Shwe Thwe Yin, and Sin Thwe Latt) in the dry and wet seasons in a lowland rice field. In the dry and wet seasons, 19 ‐ 20 weed species were naturally infested into the fields. Limnocharis flava was the most abundant weed in both seasons. Weed dry weight and rice grain yield showed a negative linear relationship in both seasons. Manaw Thu Kha showed the highest yield loss in the un‐weeded fields in both seasons, while Sin Thwe Latt and Palethwe Basmati showed the lowest yield loss in the dry season and wet season, respectively. Sin Thwe Latt recorded the lowest yield loss of 30.21% on average in both seasons, and the highest yield loss of 60.37% was recorded for Manaw Thu Kha. The average rice grain yield loss of all the varieties in the un‐weeded fields was 64.37 and 33.66% for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Thus, the yield loss in the dry season was 1.9‐times greater than that in the wet season. The present research suggests that adequate weed management is necessary for rice cultivation, especially in the dry season in Myanmar.
ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT FROM RHIZOPHORA APICULATE AGAINST URINARY TRACT PATHOGENS
Authors: Loong Teo Chee 
Published: December 2021

Various parts of the human body are host to certain microorganism species, such as fungi and bacteria which may cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). In this research, the pyroligneous extract as antimicrobial agent on urinary tract infection-related pathogenic microorganism were studied. The Time-kill kinetics assay was used to study an antimicrobial agent over time. A series of various concentration (0 – 24%) of the pyroligneous extract was tested. Each strain’s bioactivity was quantified after 60 minutes of incubation at 22.5 oC. From the result showed that pyroligneous extract reached 100% of reduction effects with different concentration (E.faecalis (19433) at 20%, E.coli (8739) at 4%, P.vulgaris (33420) at 4%), K.pneumoniae (13883) at 4%, C.albicans (10231) at 4%). For bioprocess kinetics analysis, the highest specific reduction rate and halve rate according concentration: E.faecalis at 24% (0.1426, 0.2058), E.coli at 4% (0.1219, 0.1759), P.vulgaris at 4% (0.1311, 0.1891), K.pneumoniae at 4% (0.1175, 0.1695), C.albicans at 4% (0.1175, 0.1695).These findings shows the importance of pyroligneous extract as antimicrobial agent, especially in urinary tract infection, as a natural antimicrobial agent in public health industries.
Impact of Cardiac Arrest Centers on the Survival of Patients With Nontraumatic Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yeo Jun Wei , Ng Zi Hui Celeste , Goh Amelia Xin Chun , Gao Jocelyn Fangjiao , Liu Nan , Lam Shao Wei Sean , Chia Yew Woon , Perkins Gavin D. , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Ang Shiang‐Hu , Chen Ruth Weixian , Chan Enoch Hin Kei , Goh Ee Ling , Ho Vui Kian , Lau Hong Khai , Lee Eng Kiang , Leong Benjamin Sieu‐Hon , Lim Jia Hao , Lim Shir Lynn , Loh Julian Kenrick Xingyuan , Ong Jimmy Heng Ann , Peck Kah Hua , Quek Daniel Yong Jing , Seet Christopher Ying Hao , Swarup Shobbit , Yong Thon Hon 
Published: December 2021

Background
The role of cardiac arrest centers (CACs) in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest care systems is continuously evolving. Interpretation of existing literature is limited by heterogeneity in CAC characteristics and types of patients transported to CACs. This study assesses the impact of CACs on survival in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest according to varying definitions of CAC and prespecified subgroups.

Methods and Results

Electronic databases were searched from inception to March 9, 2021 for relevant studies. Centers were considered CACs if self‐declared by study authors and capable of relevant interventions. Main outcomes were survival and neurologically favorable survival at hospital discharge or 30 days. Meta‐analyses were performed for adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and crude odds ratios. Thirty‐six studies were analyzed. Survival with favorable neurological outcome significantly improved with treatment at CACs (aOR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.52–2.26]), even when including high‐volume centers (aOR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.18–1.91]) or including improved‐care centers (aOR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.75–2.59]) as CACs. Survival significantly increased with treatment at CACs (aOR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.59–2.32]), even when including high‐volume centers (aOR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.38–2.18]) or when including improved‐care centers (aOR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.71–2.26]) as CACs. The treatment effect was more pronounced among patients with shockable rhythm (
P
=0.006) and without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (
P
=0.005). Conclusions were robust to sensitivity analyses, with no publication bias detected.

Conclusions
Care at CACs was associated with improved survival and neurological outcomes for patients with nontraumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest regardless of varying CAC definitions. Patients with shockable rhythms and those without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation benefited more from CACs. Evidence for bypassing hospitals or interhospital transfer remains inconclusive.
Numeral Classifiers in Udi: A Unique Contact-Induced Development among Nakh-Daghestanian?
Authors: Maisak Timur 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Following Stilo’s (2018) study of small-inventory classifier systems in a number of Indo-European, Turkic, Kartvelian and Semitic languages of the Araxes-Iran Linguistic Area, the paper presents an account of numeral classifiers in Udi, a Nakh-Daghestanian (Lezgic) language spoken in northern Azerbaijan. Being a peripheral member of the linguistic area in question, Udi possesses an even more reduced version of a small-classifier system, comprising one optional classifier dänä (Iranian borrowing, most likely via Azerbaijani) used with both human and inanimate nouns. A dedicated classifier for humans is lacking, although there is a word tan (also of Iranian origin) only used after numerals or quantifiers, but predominantly as a noun phrase head. The behaviour of dänä and tan is scrutinized, according to a set of parameters, in both spoken and written textual corpora of the Nizh dialect of Udi. Drawing in the data from the related Nakh-Daghestanian languages, the paper shows that among the languages of the family Udi may be unique in possessing classifiers (albeit as a result of contact), Khinalug possibly being the only other exception.
Psychometric Assessment of the Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Malawian Fathers
Authors: Chipojola Roselyn , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Kuo Shu-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Background: Only 61% of Malawian women exclusively breastfeed to the recommended 6 months. Paternal support is predictive of exclusive breastfeeding, and significantly related to paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, defined as fathers’ confidence in their ability to assist mothers with breastfeeding. Research Aims: To (1) examine the psychometric properties of the Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) in Malawian fathers, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and convergent validity; and (2) assess the relationship between the BSES-SF and paternal demographic and health factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a maternity hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, and 180 fathers whose partners had delivered a singleton infant were included. Participants completed the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and Quality of Life with confirmatory factor analysis performed to assess the construct validity. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intra-class correlations. Convergent validity was also assessed. Results: A unidimensional factorial structure of the Malawian Paternal BSES-SF was identified using confirmatory factor analysis. The scale had an excellent Cronbach’s alpha of .90 and a test-retest reliability of .93. Participants’ breastfeeding self-efficacy was significantly correlated with the Quality of Life domains of psychological health ( r = .23; p < .01), social relationships ( r = .28; p < .001), and environmental health ( r = .30; p < .001). Participants who were older, married, and with ≥ two children had significantly higher breastfeeding self-efficacy and were more confident in their ability to support their partner’s breastfeeding. Conclusion: The Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form was a valid and reliable measure to assess fathers’ confidence in their ability to assist mothers with breastfeeding in Malawi.
Belisario Domínguez: A life and death deserving of a medal
Authors: González-Abadía Alejandro , Graue-Hernández Enrique O. , Viesca-Treviño Carlos , Navas Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

Belisario Domínguez was a Mexican physician, ophthalmologist, and politician. He traveled abroad to France, where he studied High School, later he entered the School of Medicine at Sorbonne University in Paris. Back in Mexico, Domínguez installed his medical office in his house. Belisario was recognized for his philanthropic attitude, he also often sought the well-being being of Chiapas and Mexico. In 1911 he became Comitán Municipal President, after the overthrown of presidente Porfirio Díaz. He witnessed the coup against President Francisco Madero by General Huerta. Belisario wrote a speech in which he expressed the shame of having a traitor and murderer as President. As consequence of the speech, he was killed. After Belisario's assassination, an outrage was incited, damaging the image of President Huerta. Belisario's civic value was honored with a medal that bears his name “ Belisario Domínguez Medal” in 1953 which is the greatest recognition that can be obtained by a Mexican.
Strategies to Prevent Elderly Suicide: A Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Barak Yoram , Fortune Sarah , Hobbs Linda , Cheung Gary , Johari Nurrul , Zalsman Gil 
Published: December 2021

Objectives In the next decades, many countries will become ‘ageing societies’. This combined with the current high rates of suicide in later life suggests that many older adults may die by suicide before clinical trials can be conducted to demonstrate the best approaches to prevent late-life suicide. Methods A New Zealand (NZ) ‘expert panel’ has reviewed key considerations for suicide prevention interventions in older adults based on existing evidence, where available, and expert opinion. The key considerations were extracted from the current literature. The Delphi survey method was used to reach consensus for identifying interventions to be recommended as part of a national strategy for older adults’ suicide prevention. Results A set of 20 key recommended considerations are presented. The major addition to existing recommendations is the need for ‘A suicide prevention strategy for the elderly…’ to enhance the national all-ages suicide prevention strategy. Conclusion The recommended statements are offered for consideration by stakeholder groups preparing new interventions, large-scale public healthcare planning and governmental policy.
Return to work: does cardiac rehabilitation make a difference? Danish nationwide register-based study
Authors: Pedersen Sasja Maria , Kruse Marie , Zwisler Ann Dorthe O. , Helmark Charlotte , Pedersen Susanne S. , Olsen Kim Rose 
Published: December 2021

Aim: to assess whether participation in cardiac rehabilitation affects the probability of returning to work after ischaemic heart disease. Methods: the study population consisted of 24,509 patients (18–70 years of age) discharged from an inpatient admission at a Danish hospital during 2014–2018 and who were working before their admission. Only patients with a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery procedure and ICD-10 codes I20–I25 as their main diagnosis or ICD-10 codes I21, I240, I248 or I249 as secondary diagnosis during an emergency admission were included. Exposure was defined as participation in cardiac rehabilitation ( N = 15,742), and binary indicator of being at work in the last week of a given month were used as primary outcomes. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) of exposed and unexposed patients was used to reduce selection bias. Logistic regression models were applied on the matched population ( N = 15,762). Results: Less deprived and less comorbid patients were more likely to receive cardiac rehabilitation. CEM succeeded in arriving at a population where this selection was reduced and in this population we found that patients who received cardiac rehabilitation had a lower probability of returning to work after 3 months (OR 0.81, 95%CI: 0.77–0.84), a higher but insignificant probability after 6 (OR 1.02, 95%CI: 0.97–1.08), and a higher probability after 9 (OR 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02–1.15) and 12 months (OR 1.20, 95%CI: 1.13–1.28). Conclusions: Deprived and comorbid patients have lower use of cardiac rehabilitation. In a matched population where this bias is reduced, cardiac rehabilitation will increase the probability of returning to work.
Association between preconditioning absolute lymphocyte count and transplant outcomes in patients undergoing matched unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning and anti-thymocyte globulin
Authors: Seo Jeongmin , Shin Dong-Yeop , Koh Youngil , Kim Inho , Yoon Sung-Soo , Min Byun Ja , Hong Junshik 
Published: December 2021

Background: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) offers cure chance for various hematologic malignancies, but graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major impediment. Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is used for prophylactic T-cell depletion and GVHD prevention, but there are no clear guidelines for the optimal dosing of ATG. It is suspected that for patients with low absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs), current weight-based dosing of ATG can be excessive, which can result in profound T-cell depletion and poor transplant outcome. Methods: The objective of the study is to evaluate the association of low preconditioning ALC with outcomes in patients undergoing matched unrelated donor (MUD) alloSCT with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and ATG. We conducted a single-center retrospective longitudinal cohort study of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients over 18 years old undergoing alloSCT. In total, 64 patients were included and dichotomized into lower ALC and higher ALC groups with the cutoff of 500/μl on D-7. Results: Patients with preconditioning ALC <500/μl were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and higher infectious mortality. The incidence of acute GVHD and moderate-severe chronic GVHD as well as relapse rates did not differ according to preconditioning ALC. In multivariate analyses, low preconditioning ALC was recognized as an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. Conclusion: Patients with lower ALC are exposed to excessive dose of ATG, leading to profound T-cell depletion that results in higher infectious mortality and shorter OS. Our results call for the implementation of more creative dosing regimens for patients with low preconditioning ALC.