bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decay and Consolidation of Effector-Independent Motor Memories
Authors: Bao Shancheng , Wang jinsung , Wright David , Buchanan John , Lei Yuming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Learning a motor adaptation task produces intrinsically unstable or transient motor memories. Despite the presence of effector-independent motor memories following the learning of novel environmental dynamics, it remains largely unknown how those memory traces decay in different contexts and whether an “offline” consolidation period protects memories against decay. Here, we exploit inter-effector transfer to address these questions. We found that newly-acquired motor memories formed with one effector could be partially retrieved by the untrained effector to enhance its performance when the decay occurred with the passage of time or “washout” trials on which error feedback was provided. The decay of motor memories was slower following “error-free” trials, on which errors were artificially clamped to zero or removed, compared with “washout” trials. However, effector-independent memory components were abolished following movements made in the absence of performance error, resulting in no transfer gains. The brain can consolidate motor memories during daytime wakefulness. We found that 6 hours of wakeful resting increased the resistance of effector-independent memories to decay across all contexts. Collectively, our results suggest that the decay of effector-independent motor memories is context dependent and offline processing preserves those memories against decay, leading to improvements of the subsequent inter-effector transfer.
Integrated Analysis of CNV, Gene Expression and Disease State Data in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yuan Lin , Sun Tao , Zhao Jing , Shen Zhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Copy number variation (CNV) may contribute to development of complex diseases. However, due to the complex mechanism of path association and the lack of sufficient samples, understanding the relationship between CNV and cancer remains a major challenge. The unprecedented abundance of CNV, gene and disease label data provide us with an opportunity to design a new machine learning framework to predict potential disease related CNVs.Results: In this paper, we developed a novel machine learning approach, namely IHI BMLLR (Integrating Heterogeneous Information sources with Biweight Mid correlation and L1 regularized Logistic Regression under stability selection), to predict the CNV disease path associations by using a data set containing CNV, disease state labels and gene data. CNVs, genes, and diseases are connected through edges, and then constitute a biological association network. To construct a biological network, we first used a self adaptive biweight mid correlation (BM) formula to calculate correlation coefficients between CNVs and genes. Then, we used logistic regression with L1 penalty (LLR) function to detect genes related to disease. We added stability selection strategy, which can effectively reduce false positives, when using self adaptive BM and LLR. Finally, a weighted path search algorithm was applied to find top D path associations and important CNVs.Conclusions: Compared with state of the art methods, IHI BMLLR discovers CNVs disease path associations by integrating analysis of CNV, gene expression and disease label data combined with stability selection strategy and weighted path search algorithm, thereby mining more information in the data sets, and improving the accuracy of obtained CNVs. The experimental results on both simulation and prostate cancer data show that IHI BMLLR is significantly better than two state of the art CNV detection methods (i.e., CCRET and DPtest) under false positive control. Furthermore, we applied IHI BMLLR to prostate cancer data and found significant path associations. Three new cancer related genes were discovered in the paths and these genes need to be verified by biological research in the future.
Influence of Diet and Dietary Habits in Caries Occurrence Among 12- to 15-year-old Adolescents in Shanghai
Authors: XU Hua-xing , LUO Chun-yan , FENG Xiao-gang , ZHANG Hao , Jiang Yi-wei , YU Jin , Wang Hu-ning , DA Dong-xin , YANG Dong-ling , SUN Li-jin , ZHANG Ying , ZENG Xiao-li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of diet and dietary habits on dental caries status in the permanent teeth of 12- to 15-year-old adolescents in Shanghai, China.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation among 11,599 school students aged 12- to 15 years from Shanghai, China. We distributed self-administered questionnaires and performed clinical dental examinations according to WHO guidelines to obtain information about tooth-brushing habits, diet, dietary habits, and dental caries status. We generated a logistic regression model including dental caries-related variables to ascertain the potential risk factors associated with dental caries.Results: The caries prevalence and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) among the 11,599 12- to 15-year-old students surveyed were 26.2% and 0.59±1.314, respectively. The caries prevalence and DMFT of girls were significantly higher than those of boys (P<0.05). Caries prevalence and DMFT also increased with age (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in caries prevalence and mean DMFT among groups with different tooth-brushing habits. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the possible risk factors for dental caries included female sex, older age, consuming sugary drinks at least once daily, consuming vegetables once daily or less, and skipping breakfast, with ORs ranging from 1.124 to 1.88 (P<0.05).Conclusion: The caries prevalence among 12- to 15-year-old school students in Shanghai was lower than that reported nationally and in some other developing or developed countries. Diet and dietary habits were closely related to dental caries among adolescents. Poor eating habits (higher sugary drink intake, lower vegetable intake, and skipping breakfast) in the developmental age may be a significant caries coefficient in adolescents. A longitudinal study with full consideration of baseline variables is warranted in the Chinese population.
Protein Digestibility and Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean in Three Conditions of Fermentation Processing Step: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Ketnawa Sunantha , Ogawa Yukiharu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Protein digestibility of soybean (soaked "S", boiled "B", and fermented "F" soybeans) was changed as 20.58 ± 0.25%, 48.71 ± 0.04%, and 50.21 ± 0.45%, respectively in the preparation of soybean fermentation. After simulated digestion, the increment rate of protein digestibility of both B and F was comparable and higher than that of S accompanying by the accumulations of small protein sub-fractions and essential amino acids. Interestingly, bioactivity parameters of all digested fractions increased by around 2 to 4-fold when digestion stages were progressed with overall F showed the maximum values. Processing not only improves the palatability but also increases protein utilization, the bioavailability of nutrients, and healthy support. The study verified the effect of processing and the benefits of soybean and fermented soybean beyond their basic nutrients which could be claimed as functional foods with higher protein digestibility and indispensable amino acids as well as potential bioactivities.
Establishment of Optimal Housekeeping Genes for Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Based Biomarker Development: A Step Towards Non-Invasive Diagnostics.
Authors: Singh Anula Divyash , Koyyada Rajeswari , Samal Rasmita , Alvi Syed Baseeruddin , Patnam Sreekanth , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Mudigonda Soma Sekhar , Maitra Sanjay , Manda Sasidhar Venkata 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecent years have witnessed a growing interest in employing urine as a clinical source of renal pathology biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles(UEVs) hold cellular RNAs, including small RNA and micro RNA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is one of the most sensitive methods for evaluating gene expression, which depends on comparative analysis with reference/house-keeping genes. However, reliable interpretation of UEVs gene expression data is biased due to the lack of reported ideal house-keeping reference-genes in UEVs.MethodsUEVs were isolated from 40 healthy human controls using Polyethylene glycol (P.E.G. Mn6000) based precipitation. UEVs were characterized by biophysical and biochemical assays. At the molecular biology level, the expression and stability of five commonly used housekeeping genes B2M, RPL13A, PPIA, HMBS, and GAPDH, were considered for comparing and finding out ideal reference gene. Data were analyzed using four practical algorithmic approaches, including Norm Finder, GeNorm, Best Keeper, and the Delta Ct for reference gene evaluation integrated with RefFinder. The final ranking of stable genes is derived from the weighted geometric means of all the above algorithms.Results12% PEG isolated UEVs were round and cup-shaped, ranging from 30 - 100nm, as per electron microscopy, nanoparticle-tracking-analysis, and dynamic-light-scattering profile. The functional purity of UEVs was determined with their acetylcholine esterase and Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity. RefFinder established the stability index of housekeeping genes. B2M and RPL13A genes were identified as stable genes with a mean stability score of 1.5(Genorm) and below 1 (Norm finder), indicating a reduced gene expression variation. ConclusionsThe comprehensive ranking analysis identified B2M and RPL13A as optimal reference genes for UEVs based gene expression studies.
The Clinical and Imaging Findings of Patent Ductus Venosus in Children: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Xiang Yonghua , Peng Yinghui , He Siping , Gan Qing , Jin Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose Patent ductus venosus (PDV) was a rare congenital portosystemic shunt, and few studies have been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and imaging findings to improve the recognition of PDV. Materials and Methods Medical records of 9 patients with PDV in Hunan Children’s Hospital from May 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical, and laboratory tests data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Two pediatric radiologists evaluated all imaging examinations of the patients.Results 9 patients with PDV were reviewed, including 7 males and 2 females, aged from 16 days to 16.5 years, median age was 1.6 years. PDV diameter ranged from 4.0mm to 17.5mm. The initial clinical presentations of PDV were varied, but jaundice and respiratory symptoms were the most common. Laboratory tests showed that 5/9 cases had hypoxemia, 2/9 had hyperammonemia, 7/9 had hyperbilirubinemia, 6/9 had abnormal coagulation function, 4/9 had abnormal myocardial enzymes, 8/9 had hepatic dysfunction, and 3/9 had renal dysfunction. The direct imaging sign of PDV was a vascular structure connecting the left branch of portal vein(LPV) to the inferior vena cava(IVC), running in the depth of the Arantius sulcus. The secondary imaging findings were as follows: All the patients had enlarged liver, especially the left lobe, and one of the patients presented with diffuse nodules in the liver. 3 patients presented with hypoperfusion in right lobe of liver. The spleen was enlarged in 8 cases but shrank in one. Dilated LPV and atrophic right branch of portal vein (RPV) were observed in all patients. The main portal vein (MPV) was dilated in 8 cases and shrank in one. Dilated right heart and pulmonary artery were observed in all cases. Abnormal renal imaging was observed in 2 patients. The complications and coexistent malformations were as follows: Brain MRI indicated hepatic encephalopathy in 4 cases. 7/9 patients were combined with other malformations, and the most common coexistent malformations were congenital heart disease (CHD) and vascular abnormalities, with 5 and 6 cases respectively. Conclusions PDV was a rare vascular malformation that can lead to multi-system lesions. The clinical presentations and laboratory findings were diverse. The diagnosis of PDV mainly depends on imaging examinations, and it is important to evaluate the secondary imaging changes. Complications and coexistent malformations were common, and we need to prevent omissions during the imaging evaluations.
Impact of Dose and Route of administration on Antibody Responses of Chickens Inoculated with inactivated Avian Influenza H5 Vaccine.
Authors: Woziri Abubakar Ojone , Meseko Clement Adebajo , Nasir Faridah Ibrahim , Abdulkarim Khadijat , Fasina Folorunso Oludayo , Adamu Jibril , Abdu Paul Ayuba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) poses significant threats to human and animal lives globally, and in spite of availability of vaccines, only few studies have established the role of passively acquired antibodies in the protection of chickens in sub Saharan Africa. The present study evaluated the influence of dose and route of administration of AI H5 inactivated vaccine on the humoral immune response of ISA brown chickens. Ninety “one-day-old” chickens were purchased from three major commercial hatcheries A, B and C (n = 30 chicks per hatchery), respectively. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.001) in the mean antibody titre levels at day 21 of age between chicks from hatcheries C (2,205.0 ± 409.1) and A (57.7 ± 49.9) at 21 days of age when either 0.2 ml or 0.5 ml of the vaccine was administered IM or SC. In addition, there were intra- and inter dose significant differences (P < 0.001) between the chicks at 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. Furthermore, intra- and inter route significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected between the chicks at 21 and 35 days of age. Overall, the AI H5 vaccine studied had variable outcomes and poorly immunogenic. Further studies should be conducted to characterize the T- and B-lymphocytes in chickens post AI H5 vaccines administration, and evaluate the sequence homologies between imported AI H5 vaccines and circulating AIV strains in Nigeria.
Geographic data-mining and extraction of association rules using the Apriori algorithm (Case study: Capital of Iranian provinces)
Authors: Houshmand-Nanehkaran Farimah , Lajevardi Seyed Mohammadreza , Mahlouji-Bidgholi Mahmoud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Extracting of association rules between urban features provides latent and considerable information for urban planners about the relationships between urban characteristics and their similarities. For this purpose, in this paper, the most famous and well-known Apriori algorithm is used. We present the Fariori algorithm to delay the characteristics that can be deleted during execution, as well as to achieve main and frequent features in the early stages with efficient changes to the Apriori algorithm. Although the spatial and temporal complexity of both algorithms is exponential based on the number of fea-tures, in practice, by implementing the Fariori algorithm in MATLAB, we achieved more rules than the existing software (R, Weka, Market Basket Analysis and, Yarpiz). In the proposed algorithm, it is possible to determine the degree of similarity by adjust-ing the support and confidence ratio parameters to identify a coherent set of similar cities. The used database includes cities of 31 in the provincial capitals of Iran. Dis-covering the association rules leads to similar cities finding and can be an efficient aid in the decision-making process.
Low-cost, simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of CeO2-NPs using extract of Pelargonium hortorum for the photocatalytic and antioxidant applications
Authors: Mahabadi Ali Ganbarianzade , Mirzakhani Abbas , Azizi Amir , Chavoshi Saied , Khaghani Shahab 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, firstly the phytochemical composition in the aqueous extract of Pelargonium, growing wildly in the center of Iran, was studied. Folin–Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods and the GC/MS technique were used to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and volatile constituents in the extract, respectively. The amounts of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were found to be 136.5 mg GA/g and 63.9 mg RU/g, respectively. Twenty-one compounds, representing 15 (about 80.0%) of the total volatile constituents were identified. The main components of the volatile constituent were α-pinene (25.28%) and fenchyl acetate (20.63%). Secondly, a fast, simple, and eco-friendly biosynthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) were investigated using the extract of Pelargonium as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Several advance techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microcopy (FESEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Brunaure Emmett-Teller (BET) were used for the analysis and characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. The results of the characterization analysis showed that the prepared nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with an average size of 28 nm and zeta potential of -25.8 mV, and had 33.84 m2/g BET surface area, 9.31 nm mane diameter pore, and a total pore volume of 0.078 cm3/g. Finally, the practical applications including the antioxidant and photocatalyst activity of the biosynthesized CeO2-NPs were evaluated. An analysis of antioxidant and catalytic activities showed that the biosynthesized CeO2-NPs have a good ability of scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical with the IC50 value of 42.7 µg/mL and also good reduction ability of hexavalent chromium {Cr(VI)} ions with a reduction efficiency of 94% in an aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L of Cr(VI) of ion with natural pH of 5.5 and CeO2-NPs dose of 200 mg/L during 60 min.
Studies of Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation on Oxygen Sensors, Respiratory Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Hybrid Yellow Catfish "Huangyou-1"
Authors: Pei Xueying , Zhang Hongyan , Zhang Xinyu , Zheng Xiang , Li Jie , Chu Mingxu , Mei Jie , Wang Tao , Yin Shaowu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The regulation mechanism of the hybrid yellow catfish “Huangyou-1” was assessed under conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation by examination of oxygen sensors and by monitoring respiratory metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The expressions of genes related to oxygen sensors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VHL, HIF-1β, PHD2, and FIH-1) were upregulated in the brain and liver during hypoxia, and recovered compared with control upon reoxygenation. The expressions of genes related to glycolysis (HK1, PGK1, PGAM2, PFK, and LDH) were increased during hypoxia and then recovered compared with control upon reoxygenation. The expressions of CS and SDH were lower than those of control during hypoxia and increased upon reoxygenation. Under hypoxic conditions, the expressions of genes related to oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, GSH-Px, and CAT) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) and MDA were upregulated compared with control. The expressions of genes related to apoptosis (Apaf-1, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and p53) were higher than those in control during hypoxic exposure, while the expressions of Bcl-2 and Cyt C were decreased. The findings of the transcriptional analyses will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of hybrid yellow catfish "Huangyou-1" under conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation.
High-Frequency Shoot Regeneration From Flower Bud Derived Callus of Gymnostachyum Febrifugum Benth., an Endemic Medicinal Plant to the Western Ghats
Authors: P Silpa , Thomas Dennis Thuruthiyil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth. is a small, scapigerous, rare and endemic medicinal herb indigenous to India belonging to the family Acanthaceae. This study reports an efficient protocol for high-frequency flower bud derived callus induction and shoot organogenesis in G. febrifugum. Flower buds at 7d before anthesis (dBA) were excised from the inflorescence and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D; 0.5-2.0 mg/l) for callus induction. The optimum callus induction (78%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 2, 4-D. The calli when subcultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.5-2.5 mg/l) or 6-benzylaminopurine BAP (0.5-2.5 mg/l) alone or in combination with 1- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.2-0.7 mg/l) induced shoots. The highest frequency (94%) and number of shoots (44.6 shoots/unit callus) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l TDZ and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The optimum rooting frequency (95%) and number of roots (10.2) were observed on ½ MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l indole-3- butyric acid (IBA). The rooted plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to soil with 94% success.
Research Effects of Person-Environment Fit of Gender-Role Orientation on Burnout, Engagement and Hair Steroids as Stress Biomarkers Among Women
Authors: Wacker Eva , Schorlemmer Julia , Fischer Axel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Gender differences usually reveal higher occupational stress and burnout levels for women compared to men, especially in male-dominated working environments. In opposition to group differentiation, more specific gender-related dimensions feminity and masculinity were used in the study to describe individual and work environment characteristics and analyze their effects.
Methods
Two Person-Environment fit scores in feminity and masculinity were calculated by subtracting individual from environment values. Both fit scores were proved as predictors in hierarchical linear regression models predicting burnout and work engagement as well as hair steroids cortisol, cortisone, DHEA, testosterone and progesterone detected by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as stress biomarkers. Age as control variable and workplace characteristics were included in the analysis. Bivariate correlations as well as moderator and mediator analysis were implemented. Data was collected in a German medical services company with 146 employed women age 22–66 years (M = 40.48, SD = 10.38), 58 of them provided hair samples for steroid detection.
Results
After considering age, role clarity, and work organization, Person-Environment fit in feminity still added significant variance explanation (β = .23, ∆ R² = .05, p = .003) for burnout (R² = 0.40, p < .001). Person-Environment fit in feminity also explained poor variance in work engagement (β = − .29, R² = .09, p < .001). Person-Environment fit in masculinity added considerable variance explanation (β = .34, ∆ R² = .12, p = 0.018) to cortisol levels (R² = .19, p = .012) after including quantitative demands to the model.
Conclusions
Person-Environment fit in feminity might be inspected as a predictor for burnout and work engagement. Person-Environment fit in masculinity can be taken into consideration as a predictor for hair cortisol as stress biomarker. Feminity and masculinity can be used as personality traits as well as characteristics of work environment, thus providing a particular gender-role related method of differentiation within gender groups. Also, specific methods could be derived for stress and burnout prevention and promotion of work engagement. Representative population studies with bigger samples and longitudinal surveys are needed to better explore the benefits and limitations of this approach.