bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineation of site‐specific management zones using estimation of distribution algorithms
Authors: Velasco Jonas , Vicencio Salvador , Lozano Jose A. , Cid‐Garcia Nestor M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel methodology to solve the problem of delineating homogeneous site‐specific management zones (SSMZ) in agricultural fields. This problem consists of dividing the field into small regions for which a specific rate of inputs is required. The objective is to minimize the number of management zones, which must be homogeneous according to a specific soil property: physical or chemical. Furthermore, as opposed to oval zones, SSMZ with rectangular shapes are preferable since they are more practical for agricultural technologies. The methodology we propose is based on evolutionary computation, specifically on a class of the estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). One of the strongest contributions of this study is the representation used to model the management zones, which generates zones with orthogonal shapes, for example, L or T shapes, and minimizes the number of zones required to delineate the field. The experimental results show that our method is efficient to solve real field and randomly generated instances. The average improvement of our method consists in reducing the number of management zones in the agricultural fields concerning other operations research methods presented in the literature. The improvement depends on the size of the field and the level of homogeneity established for the resulting management zones.
De‐risking through equity holdings: Bank and insurer behavior under capital requirements
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhou Qing , Zhu Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing a sample from 1980 to 2018, we find evidence consistent with banks and insurers in the United States diversifying financial risk through their equity holdings. They tend to offset the risk of increased leverage by lowering the leverage of the non‐financial firms in which they take an equity stake. We attribute this finding to the impact of risk‐based capital regulations. Facing the high cost of equity, financial institutions are well incentivized to comply with increased capital requirements by reducing asset risk. Our results demonstrate that the scope of the induced de‐risking activities of these institutions is not limited to their credit portfolios but extends to their equity exposure as well. We also show that non‐financial firms that are concerned about being dropped from the portfolios of financial institutions could de‐leverage to deviate from their theoretically optimal capital structures. These novel regularities need to be included in debates about capital regulations for banks and insurance companies.
Disentangling the effects of latitudinal and elevational gradients on bee, wasp, and ant diversity in an ancient neotropical mountain range
Authors: Perillo Lucas Neves , Castro Flávio Siqueira de , Solar Ricardo , Neves Frederico de Siqueira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAncient tropical mountains are megadiverse, yet little is known about the distribution of their species. We aimed to disentangle the effects of latitudinal and elevational gradients on the distribution of species of Aculeata and to understand the effects of climatic variables across different spatial scales of diversity (α‐, γ‐, and β‐diversity).LocationCampo rupestre in the Espinhaço Mountain Range, Southeast Brazil.TaxonBees, wasps, and ants (Aculeata: Hymenoptera).MethodsWe used a unique dataset built from sampling species of Aculeata at 24 study sites across 12 mountains, covering 1200 km from south to north and an elevational range of 1000 to 2000 m. We explored the elevational and latitudinal patterns of α‐ (site), γ‐ (mountain), and β‐diversity among samples at each location (βLocal). We also tested the effect of elevational range on β‐diversity in each mountain (βMountain) and, on a larger scale (βRegional), if β‐diversity is influenced by geographical and environmental distances. Finally, we tested whether climatic variables underpin the observed patterns.ResultsLatitude had no effect on diversity. We found a decrease in both site and mountain diversity and, only for bees, βLocal increased with elevation. Climatic variables (temperature, wind, and precipitation) and their interactions were important drivers of diversity, with temperature being the most important. Finally, βMountain increased with mountain elevation range, and βRegional increased with the geographical and environmental distances.Main conclusionsOur results showed that variation in species richness and composition across mountains is strongly associated with elevational gradient, which showed stronger climatic variation than latitudinal gradient. Therefore, despite having narrow elevational ranges, the biogeographical effects of tropical mountains drive high diversity. Facing global climate changes, this limited elevational gradient may limit species range shifts, leading to severe biodiversity losses.
Phylogeography at the crossroad: Pleistocene range expansion throughout the Mediterranean and back‐colonization from the Canary Islands in the legume Bituminaria bituminosa
Authors: García‐Verdugo Carlos , Mairal Mario , Tamaki Ichiro , Msanda Fouad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimSpecies with widespread distributions offer excellent opportunities for investigating recent biogeographical patterns across broad scales. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, due to its intermediate geographical location, NW Africa is pivotal in explaining the phylogeographical patterns of taxa with Mediterranean–Macaronesian distributions using a legume species with short generation times.LocationMediterranean, with a focus on NW Africa and the Canary Islands.TaxonPitch trefoil (Bituminaria bituminosa).MethodsWe generated genetic data and performed phylogeographical and demographic analyses at two geographical scales: Mediterranean Basin (MB), using plastid sequences (115 individuals), and Macaronesia, using plastid sequences (182 individuals) and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci (220 individuals). We also performed a literature survey focusing on phylogeographical studies of other circum‐Mediterranean taxa.ResultsNorthwest Africa was identified as a centre of genetic diversity (19 out of 38 haplotypes) and demographic expansion of B. bituminosa in the MB during the Pleistocene. Our literature review revealed two main phylogeographical patterns in widespread species: pre‐Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls versus Pleistocene facultative‐deciduous (including Bituminaria) taxa, but on average, both functional groups show a similar, large genetic diversity (~40% of haplotypes) in NW Africa. At the Macaronesian scale, we found that Canarian Bituminaria is composed of two genetic sublineages that coexist and hybridize on the central islands and in the mainland Macaronesian enclave (Anti‐Atlas region). Demographic analyses rejected the progression rule as the model of island colonization but strongly suggested that Anti‐Atlas populations are the result of back‐colonization from the easternmost islands before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).ConclusionsBituminaria displays a pattern of Quaternary eastward expansion in the MB that appears to be paralleled by several members of its functional plant group. Thus, our study reveals a previously undescribed dual role of NW Africa in plant biogeography, acting both as a source of species expansion to the rest of the MB and a LGM refugium of plant populations with a Macaronesian island origin.
Information gathering by overconfident agents
Authors: Downs Justin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA principal hires an agent to both gather information about a project's costs and implement it. The agent's information‐gathering effort and what he learns are his private information. I allow the agent to be overconfident in the sense that he underestimates his expected cost of implementation and study the effects this overconfidence has on the efficiency of information acquisition and implementation. Overconfidence makes the agent more willing to accept a given contract but may dampen his incentive to gather information. As a result, information may not be gathered in equilibrium due solely to the agent's overconfidence, which causes inefficiencies in the project's implementation. When the agent's information‐gathering cost is low enough, the principal's payoff is nonmonotonic in the degree of overconfidence, increasing for both low and high levels of overconfidence, but decreasing for intermediate levels.
Microplastics affected black soldier fly (Hermetiaillucens) pupation and short chain fatty acids
Authors: Romano Nicholas , Fischer Hayden 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are microscopic particles that are now found in almost all ecosystems where they may exert adverse effects on various organisms, including insects. In this study, 20 black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) were exposed to MPs, in the form of polypropylene (PP‐MPs; 55 ± 4 µm) at 0.22% (26,972,507 particles/kg), versus a control (no added MPs) in triplicate for two weeks. After two weeks, final lengths, weights, percentage of pupation, fatty acid composition of BSFL and substrate reduction percentage were measured. Survival, lengths/weights and percentage substrate reduction in the PP‐MP group were not significantly different from the control. However, percentage of pupation was significantly lower in the PP‐MP treatment (at 65.2%) compared to the control (at 83.8%). Among the measured fatty acids, only propionic and butyric acid changed, and these short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) significantly increased from 0.12% and 0.17% to 0.14 and 0.19%, respectively, in the PP‐MP‐exposed group. This study indicates that exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PP‐MPs can substantially delay development, while the increase in the SCFA may indicate a change in the gut microbiota.
Trump's tweets: Sentiment, stock market volatility, and jumps
Authors: Nishimura Yusaku , Dong Xuyi , Sun Bianxia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the second‐moment response to tweets from US President Donald J. Trump in the US stock market. We find that Trump's tweeting positively and significantly affects the volatility and jumps during our sample's later period. The response of realized volatility to tweets is greater than that of continuous volatility because of the jump component in realized volatility. These results suggest that Trump's tweeting affects financial markets by sincreasing the market's jump tail risk, which cannot be hedged by investors without paying extra risk premiums, and therefore it requires careful consideration in investments.
Structure of plant photosystem I−light harvesting complex I supercomplex at 2.4 Å resolution
Authors: Wang Jie , Yu Long‐Jiang , Wang Wenda , Yan Qiujing , Kuang Tingyun , Qin Xiaochun , Shen Jian‐Ren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light‐harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI‐LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI‐LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light‐energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex.
“Ser o no ser indígena”: Oscilaciones identitarias dentro de la interculturalidad de Estado en México
Authors: Reyna Miriam Hernández , Cocom Juan A. Castillo 
Published: March 2021

ResumenEste artículo aborda el mito de “el ser indígena” dentro de la interculturalidad de Estado en México. Desde el inicio del siglo XXI, el discurso oficial y la práctica institucional de la interculturalidad se han reapropiado de mitologías precedentes sobre el “indígena ancestro histórico”, al tiempo que han introducido la figura del “indígena víctima ancestral”. A través de un recorrido bidimensional pasado/presente, analizamos las oscilaciones entre esas dos formas de “identidad” para develar los puntos ciegos, evidenciar fronteras borrosas, desenmascarar usos políticos y exponer la fragilidad ideológica del discurso intercultural. Nuestra experiencia institucional dentro de la interculturalidad de Estado nos permite elaborar una crítica y proponer los primeros pasos para “escapar” a la indigenidad mitológica. A partir de los conceptos‐guía etnoéxodo e iknal (concepto maya de “lugar propio”, “presencia”), exploramos la posibilidad de “salir de la identidad”, entendiéndola no como presencia perpetua, sino como procesos de identificación proteica y evanescente que aparecen y desaparecen.
Noninvasive diagnostic techniques of port wine stain
Authors: Buch Jeta , Karagaiah Priyanka , Raviprakash Prerana , Patil Anant , Kroumpouzos George , Kassir Martin , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPort‐wine stain (PWS) is a benign capillary malformation that most commonly occurs in the head and neck. It is present at birth and progresses over time. It is formed by progressive dilatation of post‐capillary venules and is associated with hypertrophy and nodularity with increasing age, leading to cosmetic disfigurement and psychological aggravation. It is caused by genetic mosaicism in GNAQ and GNA11 genes. Histopathology is the gold standard for assessment of PWS but it is invasive and may cause scarring. Inadequate characterization of the lesions may predispose to inadequate treatment protocols as well as higher treatment dosages. Clinical evaluation of treatment efficacy is subjective and may not be a representative of actual results. Therefore, an objective visualization modality is required. With evolving technology, numerous optical instruments have been developed for objective evaluation and visualization of subsurface structures. These include VISIA‐CR™ system, videodermoscopy, high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS), laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), reflectance spectrophotometers and tristimulus colorimeter, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), cross‐polarized diffuse reflectance imaging system (CDR), reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). These semi‐quantitative modes of diagnosis are complementary to each other. Some can be used in the clinical setting while others, due to high instrument cost, are limited to the research settings. In this review, we bring to you a brief overview of noninvasive diagnostic modalities in PWS.
Matriderm dermal substitute in the treatment of post traumatic hand’s fingertip tissue loss
Authors: Fulchignoni Camillo , Rocchi Lorenzo , Cauteruccio Michele , Merendi Gianfranco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionTreatment of fingers tissue loss is particularly challenging as it often necessitates advanced reconstructive techniques such as flaps or grafts, with esthetic and functional results that are not always as good as hoped for, with long healing times. Recently, along with tissue engineering development, numerous types of dermal substitute have been commercialized, with promising possibilities of treatment in finger tissue loss. In the author's unit, Matriderm® is the most commonly used dermal substitute. As described by the manufacturer, this scaffold is designed to be covered with a split‐thickness skin graft. In using a two‐step procedure, the authors realized that in most cases of fingertips injuries, at three weeks follow‐up, the wound appeared in an advanced state of healing, which permitted to avoid grafting.Material And MethodsBetween October 2017 and October 2018, 27 fingers have been included in this study. Patients have been divided in two groups: those treated with Matriderm® alone (15 fingers) and those who had a skin graft three weeks after the first surgery (12 fingers). At the 6‐month follow‐up, authors evaluated the esthetic results with the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the functional results with Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (qDASH) score, and sensibility by the mean of two‐point discrimination test (2‐PD).ResultsAll outcomes were overlapping in patients treated with or without skin graft: mean VSS was 2.3, mean qDASH was 13.3, and mean 2‐PD was 7.7 mm.ConclusionsThe results obtained allow to consider Matriderm®, used also without skin graft coverage, as a valid solution for treatment of fingertip tissue loss.
Use of topical anti‐inflammatory and antineoplastic agents in the treatment of young‐aged actinic cheilitis: A systematic review
Authors: Medeiros Cristianne Kalinne Santos , de França Glória Maria , Lima Jabes Gennedyr da Cruz , Pinheiro Juliana Campos , Almeida Dennys Ramon de Melo Fernandes , Santos Pedro Paulo de Andrade 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral treatments have been used to reduce inflammation and to reverse epithelial alterations in actinic cheilitis (AC).AimA systematic review was conducted to analyze the potential of topical treatments for remission and clinical improvement of AC as well as patient acceptability.MethodsA systematic review of clinical trials was conducted following the PICO strategy to answer the following question: Are topical anti‐inflammatory and antineoplastic agents effective in the treatment of actinic cheilitis? The quality of the studies was assessed by ROB‐2, and the certainty of evidence was rated by GRADE guidelines.ResultsEight clinical trials were selected, including four that investigated the use of anti‐inflammatory drugs and four use of antineoplastic agents. The use of 3% diclofenac sodium was associated with partial remission of AC, while 5% imiquimod and ingenol mebutate promoted complete remission. Furthermore, 5% fluorouracil was the drug most associated with complications during treatment. Diclofenac sodium (3%) and fludroxycortide showed the best acceptance by the patients, especially in terms of symptom relief and comfort provided.ConclusionThe anti‐inflammatory and antineoplastic agents analyzed largely provided good clinical outcomes, with evidence of remission of AC lesions, development of few local adverse reactions during treatment, and good patient adherence.
Health knowledge and motives on tattooing: A community‐based cross‐sectional study in Greece
Authors: Notara Venetia , Gnardellis Charalampos , Sakellari Evanthia , Soultatou Pelagia , Petratou Eleni , Dragomanovits Kalliroi , Lagiou Areti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTattooing is becoming an increasingly common trend mainly but not merely among the youth. However, the choice of ink body art is associated with an increase of dermatological complications.AimTo assess young persons’ health knowledge and motives toward tattooing.MethodsThe main instrument used was an online structured questionnaire with scaling and dichotomous questions, consisting of three components: (a) the participants’ sociodemographic profile, (b) health knowledge assessment, (c) motives toward or against tattooing. Simple univariate techniques and multiple logistic regression were used to data analysis. Two logistic models were developed having as dependent variable whether the respondents have or would like to have a tattoo. The independent variables in the models were sociodemographic characteristics of participants and three variables concerning respondents’ health knowledge and motives on tattooing.ResultsThe study sample amounted to 629 young adults living in Athens, the capital city of Greece. The prevailing age group among tattooed persons was 19–25 years old (69.5%), with females being more likely to be tattooed than males. Among tattooed participants, knowledge in specific health complications appeared high, while in other potential complications was particularly low. The main motives identified were ideology/message and aesthetics/fashion (77% in total). Quite interesting, participants with medium and high health knowledge level showed, respectively 50%, and three times higher probability of having tattoos compared to low level. Only 16.2% of the tattooed participants regarded tattoo as dangerous to health (p < 0.0005).ConclusionsThe likelihood of acquiring ink body art is increasing critically among young adults. Even though this tendency is accompanied with adequate levels of knowledge concerning health hazards, systematic health education programs for more informed and safe choices are needed to be implemented, with particular emphasis on young people.
The impact of micronutrient deficiency on pregnancy complications and development origin of health and disease
Authors: Kanasaki Keizo , Kumagai Asako 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the spread of the western style diet, which is characterized by high intake of processed food, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) deficiency is increasing in the Japanese population of all ages and genders. During pregnancy, the elevated demand for micronutrients put pregnant women at even higher risk of micronutrients deficiency. Some micronutrients are relatively famous such that women with reproductive age are recommended to take folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defect. However, it is not generally known that folate is also important for fetal growth throughout the pregnancy course and for prevention of pregnancy complications, and that pregnant women should continue to take supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. The types of micronutrients and the duration of supplementation are both important factors to maintain normal pregnancies. This review focused on four micronutrients that are commonly deficient in Japanese pregnant women, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium. The detrimental effects of homocysteine accumulation associated with the above micronutrient defects and its link to catechol‐o‐methyltransferase insufficiency are described. We also discussed possible molecular mechanisms of pregnancy complications and the development origin of health and disease (DOHaD) regarding micronutrient deficiencies from the point of view of one carbon metabolism.