bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body condition index in beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) carcasses derived from morphometric measurements
Authors: Larrat Sylvain , Lair Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConservation efforts of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) of the St. Lawrence estuary include a mortality surveillance program which has the objective of documenting the causes of mortality. The evaluation of the animal's body condition is a key component in the diagnostic process. There is currently no consensual method to measure or calculate body condition indices in beluga whales. Morphological measurements recorded during necropsy were used to design a scaled mass body condition index that was compared to currently used visual evaluation, and to alternative morphological indices. Beluga whales were separated into two size‐based groups. The scaled mass index was well correlated with analog‐visual‐scale derived scores in beluga whale >290 cm, but not in animals <290 cm. Both methods showed almost perfect agreement regarding the categorization of carcasses belonging to the first quartiles. The alternative indices that were best correlated with the scaled mass index were those calculated using the sacral circumference and the ventral adipose thickness in animals <290 cm and the epaxial muscle mass and maximum circumference in beluga whales >290 cm. These scaled indices could provide objective tools to evaluate body condition of stranded beluga whales.
Performance of the RealStar®Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR kit for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Salsé Margot , Mercier Victor , Carles Marie‐José , Lechiche Catherine , Sasso Milène 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia due to Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP) is a frequent infection in HIV‐positive and also in immunocompromised HIV‐negative patients. PCR analysis of pulmonary samples has become an essential element in PCP laboratory diagnosis. Currently, many commercially PCR‐based tests are available for P jirovecii detection and need to be evaluated.ObjectivesWe evaluated the performance of the RealStar® P jirovecii PCR kit for PCP diagnosis.MethodsWe performed the RealStar® P jirovecii PCR and an in‐house PCR in 219 pulmonary samples. We then assessed the performance of the RealStar® P jirovecii PCR kit by classifying patients in proven, probable, possible PCP or no final diagnosis, on the basis of the clinical and radiological signs and direct examination of bronchoalveolar lavage samples.ResultsThe results showed excellent concordance (96.8%) with another in‐house PCR, previously used in the laboratory. The available clinical data allowed classifying 219 patients as having proven PCP (n = 6), probable PCP (n = 27), possible PCP (n = 29) and no final diagnosis of PCP (n = 157). The RealStar® P jirovecii PCR kit performed well with samples from patients with proven and probable PCP, as indicated by the detection of P jirovecii DNA in all these samples. The percentage of positive samples in the possible PCP category was 75.9%. In patients with no final diagnosis of PCP, P jirovecii DNA was detected in 13.4% of samples, indicating colonisation by this pathogen.ConclusionsThe RealStar® P jirovecii PCR kit shows excellent performance for PCP diagnosis.
A left ventricular assist device interfering with leadless pacemaker implantation
Authors: Smietana Jeffrey , Schell Andrea , Pothineni Naga Venkata K , Walsh Katie , Lin David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVAD) produce electromagnetic interference (EMI) which can have implications when patients require cardiac implantable electronic devices. Leadless pacemakers have been successfully implanted in patients with Heartmate 2 and Heartmate 3 LVADs without evidence of EMI or device‐to‐device interaction. Here we report a case of a Heartmate 3 LVAD and Micra VR transcatheter pacing system interaction requiring device repositioning.
Proteome‐wide identification of S‐sulphenylated cysteines in Brassica napus
Authors: Yu Liangqian , Iqbal Sidra , Zhang Yuting , Zhang Guofang , Ali Usman , Lu Shaoping , Yao Xuan , Guo Liang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeregulation of reduction–oxidation (redox) metabolism under environmental stresses results in enhanced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately leads to post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of responsive proteins. Redox PTMs play an important role in regulation of protein function and cellular signalling. By means of large‐scale redox proteomics, we studied reversible cysteine modification during the response to short‐term salt stress in Brassica napus (B. napus). We applied an iodoacetyl tandem mass tags (iodoTMT)‐based proteomic approach to analyse the redox proteome of B. napus seedlings under control and salt‐stressed conditions. We identified 1,821 sulphenylated sites in 912 proteins from all samples. A great number of sulphenylated proteins were predicted to localize to chloroplasts and cytoplasm and GO enrichment analysis of differentially sulphenylated proteins revealed that metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and glycolysis are enriched and enzymes are overrepresented. Redox‐sensitive sites in two enzymes were validated in vitro on recombinant proteins and they might affect the enzyme activity. This targeted approach contributes to the identification of the sulphenylated sites and proteins in B. napus subjected to salt stress and our study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox regulation in response to salt stress.
From Good “User” to Good Citizen? The Political Effects on Families of Education Policies in France
Authors: Barrault‐Stella Lorenzo , Douniès Thomas 
Published: August 2021

This article analyzes the contribution of education policies to the shaping of citizenship in France. We connect two inquiries. The first, about Moral and Civic Teaching, is a case of policy intentionally devoted to convey civic norms. The second, about the ordinary government of parents, concerns diffuse civic socialization at school. We ask how, and to what extent, the political order of school—composed of policy programs and institutional routines—builds civic behaviors throughout an intertwinement between school‐related norms and citizenship standards. The analysis mainly relies on qualitative data—hundreds of interviews and ethnography—taking into account various contexts in France regarding the schools and the geographic situations. Education policies not only appear central in the definition of civic norms and the “good” ways of acting politically in France, but may also be critical in other democratic systems where school plays a comparable role in the socialization to and by the state.Related Articles in this Special IssueBarrault‐Stella, Lorenzo, and Thomas Douniès. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Citizenship as a Tool of Government in Europe.” Politics & Policy 49 (4).Haapajärvi, Linda. 2021. “On the Importance of Playing House: Belonging Work and the Making of Relational Citizens in Finnish Immigrant Integration Policies.” Politics & Policy 49 (4).Skowronska, Kaja. 2021. “The Recent Politicization of Immigration in Poland in Light of Preexisting State Practices: Continuity or Change in the Understanding of Citizenship and Nationhood?” Politics & Policy 49 (4).
Private Well Testing in Peri‐Urban African‐American Communities Lacking Access to Regulated Municipal Drinking Water: A Mental Models Approach to Risk Communication
Authors: MacDonald Gibson Jacqueline , III Frank Stillo , Wood Erica , Lockhart Sydney , Bruine de Bruin Wändi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMajority African‐American neighborhoods on the edges of North Carolina municipalities are less likely than white peri‐urban neighborhoods to be served by a community system regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act. These households rely on unregulated private wells, which are at much higher risk of contamination than neighboring community water supplies. Yet, risk awareness of consuming well water is low, and no prior research has tested risk communication interventions for these communities. We present a randomized‐controlled trial of an oversized postcard to promote water testing among this audience. The postcard design followed the mental models approach to risk communication. To our knowledge, this is the first U.S. randomized‐controlled trial of a mailed communication to promote water testing in any audience and one of few trials of the mental models approach. We evaluated the postcard's effects on self‐reported water testing with and without a free water test offer (vs. no‐intervention control) via a survey mailed one month after the interventions. The combined communication and free test doubled the odds of self‐reported water testing, compared to the control group (p = 0.046). It increased the odds of testing by 65%, compared to the free test alone. Recall of receiving a postcard about water testing increased the odds of self‐reported testing twelve‐fold (p < 0.001). Although these results suggest that targeted risk information delivered by mail can promote water testing when paired with a free test, the mechanism remains unclear. Additional research on beliefs influencing perceptions about well water may yield interventions that are even more effective.
A Computationally Efficient, High-Dimensional Multiple Changepoint Procedure with Application to Global Terrorism Incidence
Authors: Tickle S. O. , Eckley I. A. , Fearnhead P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Detecting changepoints in data sets with many variates is a data science challenge of increasing importance. Motivated by the problem of detecting changes in the incidence of terrorism from a global terrorism database, we propose a novel approach to multiple changepoint detection in multivariate time series. Our method, which we call SUBSET, is a model-based approach which uses a penalised likelihood to detect changes for a wide class of parametric settings. We provide theory that guides the choice of penalties to use for SUBSET, and that shows it has high power to detect changes regardless of whether only a few variates or many variates change. Empirical results show that SUBSET out-performs many existing approaches for detecting changes in mean in Gaussian data; additionally, unlike these alternative methods, it can be easily extended to non-Gaussian settings such as are appropriate for modelling counts of terrorist events.
Microbial contribution to early marine cementation
Authors: Diaz Mara R. , Eberli Gregor P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe origin of early marine cements is still being debated as either abiotic, triggered by evaporation and CO2 degassing, or microbially‐mediated. In particular, micritic envelopes and micritic meniscus cements have been proposed to be microbially‐mediated but the microbial community and the resulting organomineralization processes have rarely been documented. Herein, scanning electron microscopy and thin section analyses of samples from the Bahamas and Hamelin Pool, Australia, provide evidence that early cements in intergranular areas are the result of organomineralization processes driven by both active (microbial metabolism) and passive mechanisms influenced by mucilaginous extracellular polymeric substances and/or microbial cell walls acting as matrices for crystal nucleation and growth. Signatures of biogenicity are supported by the conspicuous presence of early micritic cements in association with dense filamentous fabrics and entombed microbial forms. Most importantly, the prolific colonization of metabolically active communities, many of which assist in carbonate precipitation, trapping, binding and encrustation of the grains, testifies to the contribution of microbes in early cementation processes. The extent and ubiquity of mucilaginous extracellular polymeric substances and its concomitant association with amorphous calcium carbonate nanograins indicates that passive organomineralization via an intermediary amorphous phase is the other leading process for the generation of micrite and fine mesh of aragonite needle‐like crystals. Furthermore, the conspicuous occurrence of microbially‐mediated micrite, meniscus and bridging cements, as well as microcrystalline Mg‐calcite cement in the marine phreatic realm challenges the widespread notion that these fabrics are indicative of marine vadose or quiet marine phreatic environments. All analyzed samples show a remarkable similarity in early cement fabrics and a consistent superposition of prismatic cements on the micrite meniscus and bridging cements. These microbially‐mediated micritic cements represent the first generation of marine cements upon which aragonite and high‐Mg calcite develop.
Geographical Network Analysis
Authors: Uitermark Justus , van Meeteren Michiel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the volume of digital data is growing exponentially and computational methods are advancing rapidly, network analysis is an increasingly important analytical tool to understand social life. This paper revisits the rich history of network analysis in geography and uses insights from that history to review contemporary computational social science. Based on that analysis, we synthesize the distinctive qualities of what we term geographical network analysis. Geographical network analysis presumes that networks are situated, construed through meaning, and reflect power relations. Instead of pursuing parsimonious explanations or universal theories, geographical network analysis strives to understand how uneven networks develop across space and within place through a constant back and forth between abstraction and contextualization. Drawing on the articles in this special issue, this paper illustrates how geographical network analysis can be put to work.
Logical Grounding: The Case of “if‐then‐else”
Authors: Francez Nissim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper proposes grounding the ternary connective “if … then … else” (classically interpreted), thus far not considered in the logical grounding literature. In doing so, a new kind of plural grounding, called collective immediate grounding, is proposed as more adequate than the traditional complete immediate grounding in avoiding redundancy. The approach is proof‐theoretic.
A Data-Driven Proactive Scheduling Approach for Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Han Dong , Li Wangming , Li Xinyu , Gao Liang , Li Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As we all know, the COVID-19 pandemic brought a great challenge to manufacturing industry, especially for some traditional and unstable manufacturing systems. It reminds us that intelligent manufacturing certainly will play a key role in the future. Dynamic shop scheduling is also an inevitable hot topic in intelligent manufacturing. However, traditional dynamic scheduling is a kind of passive scheduling mode which takes measures to adjust disturbed scheduling processes after the occurrence of dynamic events. It is difficult to ensure the stability of production because of lack of proactivity. To overcome these shortcomings, manufacturing big data and data technologies as the core driving force of intelligent manufacturing will be used to guide production. Thus, a data-driven proactive scheduling approach is proposed to deal with the dynamic events, especially for machine breakdown. In this paper, the overall procedure of the proposed approach is introduced. More specifically, we first use collected manufacturing data to predict the occurrence of machine breakdowns and provide reliable input for dynamic scheduling. Then a proactive scheduling model is constructed for the hybrid flow shop problem, and an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem to realize proactive scheduling. Finally, we design comparative experiments with two traditional rescheduling strategies to verify the effectiveness and stability of the proposed approach.
Optimal Sensor Deployment to Diagnose Large-Scale Manufacturing Systems Using a Convergence-Trajectory Controlled Ant Colony System Algorithm
Authors: Singhania Rajshekhar , Sawkar Chinmay , Tiwari Manoj K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, the problem of optimal sensor deployment in large-scale manufacturing systems for effective process monitoring is solved using a variant of the ant colony system (ACS) algorithm to obtain an optimal number of sensors, their types, and locations for monitoring various possible faults. For this purpose, first, we define the need for optimizing sensor deployment in large-scale manufacturing processes because of the increasing application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as an architectural framework for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Then a multi-objective formulation of optimal sensor deployment in a Single Station Multi-Step Manufacturing Process concerning sensor costs, system reliability, and stability is briefly explained. As noted earlier by several authors, the sensor deployment problem is a set covering problem. It is known that metaheuristics like genetic algorithms, variants of ant colony algorithms, etc. are not efficient in finding a near-optimal solution in less computational budget to the large-scale set covering problems. For this purpose, a Convergence Trajectory Controlled ant colony system is developed and applied on a case study of an automated assembly robot. For an effective demonstration of the convergence power of the developed algorithm, we also apply our algorithm on some large-scale benchmark datasets of the set covering problem and compare the results obtained with the ant colony system algorithm. The results obtained show that the developed algorithm can give a near-optimal solution in less computational budget than the ACS algorithm.
Performance of Low-Cost 3D Printer in Medical Application
Authors: Sukindar Nor Aiman , Awang Dahan Azib Azhari , Syed Shaharuddin Sharifah Imihezri , Abd Halim Nor Farah Huda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that produces a physical object directly from a CAD design using layer-by-layer deposition of the filament material that is extruded via a nozzle. In industry, FDM has become one of the most used AM processes for the production of low batch quantity and functional prototypes, due to its safety, efficiency, reliability, low cost, and ability to process manufacturing-grade engineering thermoplastic. Recently, the market is flooded with the availability of low-cost printers produced by numerous companies. This research aims to investigate the effect of different porosity levels on a scaffold structure produced using a low-cost 3D printer. Comparisons of these porous structures were made in terms of Von-Mises strain, total deformation, as well as compressive stress. Various porosity levels were created by varying printing parameters, including layer height, infill density, and shell thickness by slicing the initial solid CAD file using Repetier Host 3D printing software. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation was then performed on the created scaffold structures by using Ansys Workbench 19.2. The simulation result indicates that the greater porosity level will result in higher total deformation of the structure. Meanwhile, the compression test shows that the minimum strength value obtained was favourable at 22 MPa and had exceeded that of the trabecular femur (15 MPa). However, its porosity level (maximum at 52%) was still below that of the minimum threshold of porosity level of 70 percent. However, the printing parameters currently used can be adjusted in the future. Therefore, it was deduced that the low-cost 3D printer offers promising potential to fabricate different porosity structures with multiple outcomes.
Three-Dimensional Cell Culture With Alginate Hetero Gel Microspheres
Authors: Gong Youping , Qi Jinlai , Zhou Rougang , Chen Honghao , He Junling , Qiao Zizhou , Bi Zhikai , Chen Huipeng , Liu Haiqiang , Chen Guojin , Zhang Xiang , Shao Huifeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In three-dimensional cell culture, key parameters such as cell concentration and material concentration may affect cell survival rate, proliferation and differentiation ability and other functional expression, which has very important practical significance, It has great research value in analytical chemistry, microarray, drug screening, tissue culture and so on. In this paper, the principle of active mixing is introduced for dynamic mixers. The moving parts are biocompatible mixers. Different components of alginate gel are mixed quickly in the mixing chamber, and finally the homogenized material is extruded through the replacement needle installed at the outlet of the mixing chamber. The feeding system is a push rod injection pump, and the linear motion of the injection pump is transformed into the liquid flow rate of the gel solution through a single chip microcomputer, and the flow feed is precisely controlled. In addition, by changing the flow rate ratio of the two components solution and the rapid mixing of the micro mixer, the real-time concentration change of the mixed material at the outlet can be realized, that is, gradient printing. In this paper, the printing method of gel microspheres is characterized by the distribution of the components in the Gel Microspheres according to any proportion, and because of the micro mixing process of micromixers, the demand for biological reagents and materials such as cells, proteins, cytokines and other materials is greatly reduced, which reduces the experimental cost and improves the feasibility of practical use.
Investigation of the Regenerative Potential of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cell-Seeded Polycaprolactone Bone Scaffolds, Fabricated Using Pneumatic Microextrusion Process
Authors: Lawrence Logan , Day James B. , Claudio Pier Paolo , Salary Roozbeh (Ross) 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pneumatic MicroExtrusion (PME) is a direct-write additive manufacturing process, which has emerged as a robust, high-resolution method for the fabrication of a broad spectrum of biological tissues and organs. However, the PME process is intrinsically complex, governed by bio-physio-chemical phenomena as well as material-process interactions. Hence, investigation of the influence of consequential factors on bone scaffold fabrication as well as investigation of cell-scaffold interactions would be an inevitable need. The objective of the work is to investigate the biocompatibility as well as the histological properties of PME-fabricated porous bone scaffolds, composed of polycaprolactone (PCL).
To achieve this objective, a media extraction of the scaffold material was tested for cytostatic or cytotoxic activity with the aim to: (i) assess the fabricated scaffolds’ feasibility of use in regenerative medicine, and (ii) determine their structural integrity in a modelled in-vivo environment. In addition, the scaffolds were inoculated with an established osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2) and cultured for seven days to investigate the scaffold architecture and cell integration potential. A histological examination was performed on the seeded scaffolds for further in-depth analysis of cell-scaffold interaction. Overall, the results of this study pave the way for future investigation of stem cell incorporation into PME-fabricated PCL scaffolds toward the treatment of osseous fractures and defects.