bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL AND VETERINARY AND SANITARY EVALUATION OF MILK AND BEEF UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC LOADING AND FEEDING OF FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: Velychko V. O. 
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, due to various circumstances, in Ukraine and around the world, insufficient attention is paid to preserving the ecological well-being of the environment. Man-caused load on the environment, including contamination of agricultural land with various xenobiotics, in particular heavy metals, in some regions exceeds acceptable levels. Their toxicity is realized slowly and is manifested by immunodeficiency of animals, and can also cause mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects. This is observed not only as a result of the Chernobyl tragedy, but also the growing, unregulated use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, virtually no disposal of waste of various origins, as well as emissions from industrial, chemical and mining enterprises, vehicles, which poses a growing threat to health. animals and humans. Numerous researchers (in particular Kravtsiv, 2005, Fedoruk & Humenyuk, 1999, Pylypiv & Fedoruk, 2000, Rivis et al., 1995, Velychko, 2007) point out that a significant part of this belongs to the anthropogenic entry of heavy metals into the biosphere.
Given the wide range of biological and toxic effects of xenobiotics in general, and heavy metals in particular, it should be noted that they cause not only problems in animal welfare, but also negatively affect the quality of products made from animals kept and raised in man-made contaminated areas. And hence the health of people, maintaining their ability to work, which is a national priority.
It should be borne in mind that the ability to accumulate chemical, toxic elements by organisms is determined not only by the geochemistry of the environment, but also by the biological nature and biochemical chain through which organisms and the environment (soil-plant-animal- human). Therefore, it is especially important for animal husbandry to improve the feeding rations of animals kept under man-made load with the use of safe sorbents and biologically active additives, which will contribute to obtaining quality raw materials and quality food, including dairy and meat. This confirms that a particularly important task of science, including biological and veterinary in the field of environmental physiology is a comprehensive study of the harmful effects of anthropogenic and man-made factors on environmental objects, especially farm animals, which provide raw materials to the processing industry and human food. Particular attention needs to be paid to the development of effective measures to reduce the negative man-made pressure on bio-cenosis, including on productive animals kept in conditions of ecological, technogenic risk, optimization of physiological and technological parameters of their existence with application in feeding, effective, payback, correcting feed additives and biologically active substances that, undoubtedly, will promote improvement of quality and safety of production, which is used in human nutrition.
INFLUENCE OF BAFASAL FEED ADDITIVE ON MORPHO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF CHICKENS-BROILER’S BLOOD
Authors: Shkodyak N. , Zhyla M. , Pyatnychko O. , Avdosyeva I. , Dmitrotsa V. 
Published: February 2021

Recently, interest in the use of bacteriophage therapy in poultry has arisen in the context of the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, as the need to find alternative antibacterial agents is urgent. In addition, EU legislation prohibits the use of antibiotics in feed to stimulate the growth of animals and poultry. Bafasal – a new and innovative agent based on natural components of the ecosystem, has a high specificity to Salmonella serovars, in particular, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. mbandaka, S. gallinarum, S. іnfantis, which are most often diagnosed in poultry farming. This is the first bacteriophage product on the poultry market, which is recommended as a feed additive for broiler chickens.
The article presents the results of studies on the safety of Bafasal under the application as a feed additive for the prevention of bacterial diseases in poultry breeding. Bafasal was used for chickens of the experimental group according to the following scheme: from 1 to 14 days of the experiment – per 10 chickens – 50 cm3 of feed additive dissolved to 0,5% concentration; and from 15 to 35 days – 100 cm3 of the drug dissolved to 0,25 % concentration. Feeding of poultry of the control and experimental groups was carried out with identical feeds in accordance with regulatory requirements, taking into account the age of the bird. The clinical condition of the bird’s body was monitored daily, on the 35th day of the experiment; ten chickens from each group were taken blood samples for further laboratory tests. The morphological and biochemical parameters of the broiler chicken’s blood under the application of Bafasal feed additive were studied.
It was found that the hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens in the experimental group were within the physiological norm for poultry of this age on fattening, and therefore corresponded to the status of a conditionally healthy organism without signs of pathophysiological abnormalities. There was a reliable increase, within the physiological norm, in the relative number of lymphocytes by 11, 9 % (p <0,05) and a tendency to increasing the number of leukocytes, which showed a sufficient immune potential of the birds and an increase in cellular factors of natural resistance, compared with control chickens. According to the parameters of mineral metabolism, the serum content of Calcium and Phosphorus within the physiological norm was noted, which indicated a sufficient level of mineral supply of the organism of the experimental birds as a whole. In addition, in chicken fed Bafasal throughout the fattening period, the serum enzyme’s ALT, AST and creatine kinase activities and the content of total cholesterol not differ significantly from the control group, indicating the absence of signs of hepatotoxic effects of the studied feed additive.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN UVEITIS IN DOGS, DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF THEIR ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Shupyk O. V. , Bokotko R. R. , Savchuk T. L. , Danilov V. B. , Kladnytska L. V. , Kharkevych Yа. О. , Pasnichenko O. S. , Blahyi R. S. , Hraborenko N. I. , Krystyniak Y. M. 
Published: February 2021

The article highlights the results of studies on spontaneous clinical cases of bacterial uveitis in dogs, using a slit lamp, sonographic and visual research methods, and after the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells in various ways. These research results make it possible to analyze and further study the effect of mesenchymal stem cells, when administered in various ways in total uveitis, and determine the most effective method in clinical cases in dogs.
Chronic total uveitis is an extremely severe late complication of ophthalmic surgery, and leads to slow functional and anatomical death of the eye. The use of antibacterial drugs for the Prevention of infectious complications often smooths out the clinical picture of progressive intraocular inflammation, contributing to an increase in its latent period. All this with particular relevance indicates the need for research as early as possible, and the specifics of the use of stem cells in eye diseases in dogs.
Our research on the restoration of eye tissues depends on many factors, on the balance between inflammatory mediators and their antagonists, which activate the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. Also, it depends on the number of mesenchymal stem cells that act as a regulator of proliferation in damaged eye tissues and cause cyto-differentiation during cell regeneration and enhance their own antioxidant properties.
It was found that microbial contamination significantly deepens the consequences of damage to tissues and structures of the eye, which lead to acidosis of tissues, changes microcirculation and exit and destruction of cell membranes and prolongation of the inflammatory phase, namely, it determines the course and results of the reparative process. At the same time, we can talk not only about the recovery function of damaged tissue structures with the help of mesenchymal stem cells, but also the effect on the intensity of the inflammatory process, which significantly reduces the time of repair of eye tissues at the level of cells and tissues.
The data obtained can be used for new modern methods of treating many pathologies associated with eye tissue damage and the use of mesenchymal stem cells in reparative ophthalmology.
Experience with Ventriculoatrial Shunt
Authors: Alnamlah Muna Saleh , Umerani Muhammad Sohail , Darwish Amjad Abdel Qader , Umerani Muhammad Shamoon , Abbas Asad 
Published: February 2021

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion through shunting, either internal or external, is the standard of care for hydrocephalic patients. Although Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is always the first choice, right atrium for Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt is considered a suitable and convenient option for drainage of excess CSF in patients with history of abdominal surgeries, peritoneal infection or shunt obstruction.1 Here we are reporting our experience with a patient who underwent VA shunt insertion because of a previous malfunctioning VP shunt. A thorough review of the literature revealed that, although reported worldwide, there is an apparent deficiency of similar reports from Arabian Gulf region. Through this case report, we aim to shed light on this internal CSF diversion method, which could be considered in centers lacking advanced care facilities for procedures like Endoscopic 3rd Ventriculostomy (ETV).
The relationship between the grading of lumbar spinal stenosis and pain improvement after caudal epidural steroid injection.
Authors: Noor Chughtai Waqas , Razzaque Muhammad Adeel , Ahmad Tanveer , Nighat Sumera , Ahmad Bashir , Azhar Javed Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relation of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis and pain improvement after caudal epidural injection.
Material and Methods: 70 patients of neurogenic claudication were included from July 2019 to June 2020. MRI lumbosacral spine was done of all patients to categorize the degree of spinal stenosis on T2-W axial. All patients were given caudal epidural steroid injection as a day case procedure. Follow-up was done at 3 & 8 weeks and pain improvement was assessed by using Ronald satisfaction score.
Results: Mean age was 37.9 ± 7.8 years. 48.6% patients were male and 51.6% were female. The improvement was observed in 28 patients (40%) at 3 weeks and in 46 patients (65.7%) at 8 weeks. There was no statistically significant relationship between lumbar
spinal stenosis and pain improvements at 3 weeks (p value 0.30) and 8 weeks (p value 0.32).
Conclusion: The grade of lumbar spinal stenosis has no significant effect on pain improvement after caudal epidural steroid injection.
Keywords: LSS (Lumbar spinal stenosis), caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI), neurogenic claudication, MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging), T2W (T2 weighted) images.
Incidence of Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dastgeer Saima , Ali Saad Abubakr , Fatima Shabbih , Javaid Imran , Rehman Khalil-ur- , Amin Rizwana 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence of anxiety and depression among AMI patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.
Material & Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 27 to June 2, 2020, at the Cardiology ward of Dera Ghazi Khan Teaching Hospital. Total 611 patients selected through convenience sampling. The patients were requested to respond to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and demographic information. An independent samples t test was applied for comparisons.
Results: Patients’ age was ranging from 41 to 79 years, with a mean age of 52.35 ± 5.12. There was a high frequency of anxiety (51.72%) and depression (34.86%) among AMI patients. A significant difference was observed in the level of anxiety (p = 0.001) and depression (p = 0.000) among male and female patients.
Conclusion: The present study findings affirmed that increased level of anxiety and depression are prevalent in AMI patients. Additionally, both anxiety and depressive symptoms were more common in female patients.
Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).
Pattern of Skull Fractures and Its Outcome in Pediatric Head Injury Patients
Authors: Muhammad Ghulam , Javeed Farrukh , Rehman Lal , Abbas Asad , Afzal Ali 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Skull fractures are common in pediatric age group. The surgical management of paediatric patients with a skull fracture differs among institutions and surgeons. Our object of this study was to assess the pattern of skull fractures and outcome in paediatric population.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of neurosurgery of a tertiary care hospital from June 2018 to April 2020. We included 152 children between ages 5 to 11 years who were brought with the head trauma and diagnosed to have skull fracture on computerized tomography (CT) Scan brain.
Results: The mean age of patients was 6.91 + 1.84 years. There were 59.8% males and 40.1% females. The most common type of fracture at presentation was depressed fracture in 42% patients, followed by linear (35%) and compound fractures (23%). Parietal fractures were the commonest (63.1%) in our study. Associated intracranial hematomas were seen in 37.5% patients, epidural hematoma being the most common. Surgically treated patients were 36%. Good recovery was seen in 73% patients while mortality was 10.5%.
Conclusion: Isolated skull fractures are overall benign conditions. Linear parietal skull fractures have good outcome amongst all fracture types.
Incidence and Predisposing factors of Brain Abscess in Children at a Tertiary Care Center Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Shahid Bokhari Syed , Asif Qureshi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Objective: A cross sectional study was aimed to investigate the incidence and predisposing factors of brain abscess in children.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Surgery, Ghazi Khan Medical College and Hospital DG khan. Thirty two children with brain abscess were enrolled in the study. A diagnosis of brain abscess was made on clinical and radiological basis. T-test and chi square were applied to see the association between variables.
Results: Most common location of Abscess was found as frontal in 21.9% patients, temporo parietal in 53.1% patients and occipital in 25.0% patients. Streptococci was the most common microorganism on culture reported, noted in 46.9% patients. Major predisposing factors (p = 0.000) and location of abscess (p = 0.003) were the effect modifiers for microorganism on culture reports.
Conclusion: Streptococci was the most common abscess causing microorganism causing about 47% of total abscess causing pathogens. Main predisposing factors were: otitis media, cyanotic heart disease and post head injury otorrhea.
Keywords: Brain abscess; Children; Otogenic brain abscess; Otitis media, Seizures; Streptococci.
Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease in Terms of Improvement in MDS-UPDRS Scale Over 5 Years
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Afzal Ali Omair , Hassan Adeeb-ul- , Ali Imran 
Published: February 2021

Background & Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common Neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. There are several surgical procedures for advanced PD, but amongst all deep brain stimulation has proven to be safest and effective. The objective of this study was to see the outcome of DBS for the treatment of PD in terms of improvement in MDS UPDRS over 5 years.
Material and Methods: 44 patients were included in study from Oct 2014 to Sep 2019. History, examination was carried out, and preoperative MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) was recorded. Postoperative improvement in MDS-UPDRS score was assessed at first Programming, 2nd week, and 6th week and at 3rd month.
Results: At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (Part-I) score was 14.20 ± 0.61 and at the end of 3rd month, the mean score was 11.18 ± 0.47 respectively. At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (part-II) score was 18.99 ± 0.70 and at the end of 3rd month, the mean score was 13.01 ± 0.57, respectively. At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (part-III) score was 45.19 ± 0.90 and at the end of 3rd month, the mean score was 25.15 ± 1.20 respectively. At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (part-IV) score was 10.18 ± 0.87 and at the end of 3rd month, the mean score was 3.85 ± 1.03, respectively.
Conclusion: The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is safe and effective in the management of PD.
The Surgical Results in Pure Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Surgeries in 403 Pituitary Adenomas: An 8-Years of Experience from a Single Neurosurgical Unit
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Raza Muhammad Hassan , Ali Imran , Afzal Omair 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To review and report the results in pure endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery done at our unit for pituitary adenomas (PAs) in last 8 years.
Material and Methods: We reviewed 403 consecutive patients who underwent pure endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery for newly diagnosed pituitary adenomas between August 2012 and July 2020 at our neurosurgical unit. Endocrinological, demographic features and outcomes, their complications, and duration of stay in hospital were assessed in these patients who were operated in our neurosurgical Unit. The Mean Follow-up on average was 3.5 months.
Results: 403 consecutive cases were reviewed. Majority of cases were in the 4th decade of life at presentation. 227 (56%) were non-functioning pituitary tumors and 176 (44%) were hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. Thirty-one (7.7%) complications were observed in 28 post-operative patients. The most frequently observed complication was diabetes insipidus (temporary in 19 (5%) and permanent in 3 (0.7%) cases), cerebrospinal fluids leaks (5 cases) (5.7%), Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (1 case) (0.2%), internal carotid injury (1 case) (0.2%), Empty Sella syndrome (1) (0.2%) and post-operative cardiac complication (1 case) (0.2%). The Follow-up on average was 3.5 months.
Conclusions: The pure endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenomas provides acceptable and reasonable results representing a safe alternative procedure to the traditional Trans-sphenoidal microscopic approach.
Clinical Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Ahmed Mukhtiar , Sajjad Fauzia , Khan Ajmal , Abass Talha , Akbar Hamid , Anwar Khawar 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to access clinical presentation of chronic subdural hematoma and to evaluate the surgical outcome of evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma after single burrhole craniotomy with a close drainage system under local anesthesia.
Material & Methods: A descriptive study conducted in the Neurosurgery Department of Khairpur Medical College Sindh. 30 patients of chronic subdural hematoma were included. Patients prepared for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma through single burr hole followed by closed drainage system for two days.
Results: The most common feature was gait disturbance followed by Hemiparesis and headache. Coexisting diseases were hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and Chronic Liver Disease, etc. and causes of CSDH were head injury (trivial trauma) and anticoagulant. Surgical decisions were taken on the bases of clinical presentation and radiological findings of patients. Surgical procedure single burrhole craniotomy followed by irrigation with normal saline and close drainage system for two days. On post-operative follow-up, a recurrence of CSDH occurred in two patients.
Conclusion: Single burrhole craniotomy with close drainage system is a simple and safe procedure under local anesthesia for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma.
Keywords: CSDH (chronic subdural hematoma), GCS (Glasgow coma score), Burrhole craniotomy, Neurosurgery & Subdural drain.
ANALISIS DAMPAK RESTRUKTURISASI KREDIT TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN (LEASING) PADA MASA PANDEMI CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019
Authors: Farhan Asyhadi  
Published: February 2021

Restrukturisasi merupakan upaya penyelamatan kredit bermasalah yang meliputi upaya Reschedulling, Restructuring dan Reconditioning, misalnya dengan cara memperpanjang jangka waktu kredit, memberikan grace period waktu pembayaran, penurunan suku bunga kredit, dan lain sebagainya. Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 dikenal sistem penyelamatan kredit macet sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 7 ayat c yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas kredit agar tidak terjadi kredit macet. Sejak menyebarnya wabah pandemi covid-19 ke Indonesia sejak pertengahan Februari 2020, masyarakat Indonesia mengalami kepanikan. Hal ini disampaikan Presiden secara terbuka agar segera dilaksanakan melalui Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) pada tanggal 3 Maret 2020. Adanya upaya Restrukturisasi harus diikuti dengan adanya penilaian kembali yang lebih mendalam terhadap usaha debitur,yang meliputi apakah usaha debitur tersebut masih memiliki potensi atau tidak untuk dapat dilakukan Restrukturisasi, agar tidak terjadi pengulangan Restrukturisasi untuk satu perjanjian hutang dari debitur yang sama. Restrukturisasi juga tidak boleh disalahgunakan oleh Bank selaku kreditur, yang semata-mata dilakukan hanya untuk menahan kredit agar kualitas kredit tidak menjadi macet.
Kata kunci: Restrukturisasi, Leasing, Covid 19

Restructuring is an effort to rescue non-performing loans which includes rescheduling, restructuring and reconditioning efforts, for example by extending the credit period, providing grace period for payment, lowering loan interest rates, and so on. Law Number 10 of 1998 is known as a bad credit rescue system as regulated in Article 7 paragraph c which aims to improve credit quality so that bad credit does not occur. Since the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak to Indonesia since mid-February 2020, the Indonesian people have experienced panic. This was conveyed by the President openly so that it could be implemented immediately through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) on March 3, 2020. Restructuring efforts must be followed by a more in-depth reassessment of the debtor's business, which includes whether the debtor's business still has the potential or not to Restructuring can be done, so that there is no repeat restructuring for one loan agreement from the same debtor. Restructuring should not be abused by the Bank as a creditor, which is only done to hold credit so that credit quality does not become bad.
Keyword: Restructuring, Leasing, Covid 19