bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of low‐level laser therapy with different wavelengths and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain caused by temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Hui , Liu Jingying , Liu Yang , Yu Caiyun , Bao Guangjie , Kang Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) with different wavelengths and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) and explore the optimal wavelength range of laser application in the treatment of pain caused by temporomandibular disorders (TMD).MethodsAn electronic search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science was undertaken to identify the randomised clinical trials (RCTs) published from database inception to 16 April 2021, aiming to compare the effects of LLLT with different wavelengths (632.8–672 nm, 780–904 nm, and 910–1100 nm) or TENS or placebo group on TMD patients pain reduction. In addition, manual search of the studies was performed. The reviewers assessed the risk of bias of individual studies with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and excluded the RCTs with a high risk of bias in any field. Meanwhile, the reviewers, after performing the network meta‐analysis, assessed the quality of evidence, which contributed to network estimate via the GRADE framework.ResultsTwenty‐seven RCTs with 969 patients with TMD were included. In the meta‐analysis, all treatment groups showed an overall improvement in pain scores, when compared with the placebo group. LLLT with wavelength ranging from 910 nm to 1100 nm produced more pain relief in the visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately after treatment [mean difference (MD) = 4.68, 95% confidence interval (CI):(3.08,6.28)]. After one‐month follow‐up, LLLT with wavelength ranging from 910 nm to 1100 nm also showed superior pain‐relieving effects [MD = 3.61, 95% CI: (−1.77, 8.99)]. However, no significant difference was observed. Based on the SUCRA ranking, L3 ranked first immediately after treatment and 1 month later.ConclusionThe results of the meta‐analysis showed the LLLT had better short‐term efficacy than TENS in the treatment of pain caused by TMD. Better results can be achieved with higher wavelengths. Therefore, we recommended to treat TMD using LLLT with wavelength ranging from 910 nm to 1100 nm.
Delimitation of the genus Schizachyrium (Poaceae, Andropogoneae) based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Peichoto Myriam C. , Moreno Ercilia M. S. , Welker Cassiano A. D. , Solís Neffa Viviana G. , Scataglini M. Amalia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSchizachyrium (Poaceae, Andropogoneae) includes about 60 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In all recent molecular phylogenies of Andropogoneae, representatives of Schizachyrium appear closely related to Andropogon species. The objective of this study was to contribute to the delimitation of Schizachyrium. We performed a phylogenetic study including 38 taxa (>63%) of Schizachyrium, along with representatives of related genera, mainly of Andropogon, yielding a total of 49 taxa. This is the first phylogenetic analysis to include the type species of Schizachyrium, S. condensatum. DNA sequences of two plastid markers (ndhF and trnL‐F) were analyzed under Bayesian methods. The results indicate that Schizachyrium is not monophyletic: 26 of the 38 Schizachyrium taxa analyzed are placed in a Schizachyrium s.s. clade that includes the type species of the genus, while 10 taxa are related to Andropogon species and two other species, S. delavayi (from China and India) and S. jeffreysii (from Africa), appear clearly separated. Additionally, 58 morphological characters (41 qualitative and 17 quantitative) were scored for the same 49 taxa and analyzed under the parsimony criterion. Character optimizations showed that (i) the reduced pedicellate spikelets, (ii) with lower glume less than or equal to 0.5 mm wide, (iii) awned, and (iv) without lemma and palea support the Schizachyrium s.s. clade. We propose these four characters as diagnostic features for the delimitation of Schizachyrium s.s.
Changes in the fecal microbiota in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea during an outbreak in Norway
Authors: Herstad Kristin M. V. , Trosvik Pål , Haaland Anita Haug , Haverkamp Thomas H.A. , de Muinck Eric J. , Skancke Ellen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA severe form of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) occurred in dogs in the Oslo region of Norway during autumn 2019.ObjectivesTo characterize the fecal microbiota of dogs with AHDS during the outbreak and compare it to that of healthy dogs from the same period and before the outbreak.AnimalsDogs with AHDS (n = 50), dogs with nonhemorrhagic diarrhea (n = 3), and healthy dogs (n = 11) were sampled during the outbreak. In addition, 78 healthy dogs from the same region were sampled before the outbreak between 2017 and 2018.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. The fecal microbiotas were characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsDogs with AHDS had significantly different microbiota composition (R2 = .07, P < .001) and decreased intestinal diversity relative to healthy dogs from the outbreak period (median, 2.7; range, 0.9‐3.5 vs median, 3.2; range, 2.6‐4.0; P < .001). The microbiota in dogs with AHDS was characterized by a decrease of Firmicutes and an outgrowth of Proteobacteria, with increased numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Providencia spp. Among the Providencia spp., 1 showed 100% sequence identity with a Providencia alcalifaciens strain that was cultivated and isolated from the same outbreak. No Providencia spp. was found in healthy dogs sampled before the outbreak.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with AHDS had marked changes in fecal microbiota including increased numbers of Providencia spp. and C. perfringens, which may have contributed to the severity of this illness.
Relationships between stress urinary incontinence and trunk muscle mass or spinal alignment in older women
Authors: Iguchi Saki , Inoue‐Hirakawa Tomoe , Nojima Ippei , Noguchi Taiji , Sugiura Hideshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesRelationships between stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and physical function and spinal alignment have not been fully elucidated; therefore, we examined these relationships in older women.MethodsThe participants of this cross‐sectional study comprised 21 women with SUI (SUI group) and 41 continent women (continent group) aged >65 years who participated in a community‐based health‐check survey from 2018 to 2019. We examined age, body mass index, number of deliveries, age at first childbirth, and medical histories as participants' characteristics. SUI was evaluated using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐SF). We also assessed spinal alignment and physical activity, grip strength, trunk and lower limb muscle mass, gait speed, and one‐leg standing time as measures of participants' physical function.ResultsBody mass index was significantly higher in the SUI group compared with continents (P = 0.04), and trunk muscle mass in the SUI group was significantly lower (P < 0.01). Additionally, the thoracic kyphosis angle in the SUI group was significantly larger (P = 0.02). In the logistic regression analysis, trunk muscle mass (odds ratio = 0.546, P = 0.03) and increased thoracic kyphosis angle (odds ratio = 1.066, P = 0.045) were independent factors affecting SUI. Furthermore, there was a negative weak correlation between total ICIQ‐SF score and trunk muscle mass (r = −0.36, P < 0.01), and a positive weak correlation between total ICIQ‐SF score and thoracic kyphosis angle (r = 0.27, P < 0.05).ConclusionTrunk muscle mass and thoracic kyphosis angle relate to SUI status and severity among Japanese community‐dwelling older women.
Splicing factor proline and glutamine rich intron retention, reduced expression and aggregate formation are pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hogan Alison L. , Grima Natalie , Fifita Jennifer A. , McCann Emily P. , Heng Benjamin , Fat Sandrine Chan Moi , Wu Sharlynn , Maharjan Ram , Cain Amy K. , Henden Lyndal , Rayner Stephanie , Tarr Ingrid , Zhang Katharine Y. , Zhao Qiongyi , Zhang Zong‐Hong , Wright Amanda , Lee Albert , Morsch Marco , Yang Shu , Williams Kelly L. , Blair Ian P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimSplicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) is an RNA–DNA binding protein that is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Dysregulation of SFPQ, specifically increased intron retention and nuclear depletion, has been linked to several genetic subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting that SFPQ pathology may be a common feature of this heterogeneous disease. Our study aimed to investigate this hypothesis by providing the first comprehensive assessment of SFPQ pathology in large ALS case–control cohorts.MethodsWe examined SFPQ at the RNA, protein and DNA levels. SFPQ RNA expression and intron retention were examined using RNA‐sequencing and quantitative PCR. SFPQ protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining. At the DNA level, SFPQ was examined for genetic variation novel to ALS patients.ResultsAt the RNA level, retention of SFPQ intron nine was significantly increased in ALS patients' motor cortex. In addition, SFPQ RNA expression was significantly reduced in the central nervous system, but not blood, of patients. At the protein level, neither nuclear depletion nor reduced expression of SFPQ was found to be a consistent feature of spinal motor neurons. However, SFPQ‐positive ubiquitinated protein aggregates were observed in patients' spinal motor neurons. At the DNA level, our genetic screen identified two novel and two rare SFPQ sequence variants not previously reported in the literature.ConclusionsOur findings confirm dysregulation of SFPQ as a pathological feature of the central nervous system of ALS patients and indicate that investigation of the functional consequences of this pathology will provide insight into ALS biology.
Prioritizing host phenotype to understand microbiome heritability in plants
Authors: Wagner Maggie R. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBreeders and evolutionary geneticists have grappled with the complexity of the ‘genotype‐to‐phenotype map’ for decades. Now, recent studies highlight the relevance of this concept for understanding heritability of plant microbiomes. Because host phenotype is a more proximate cause of microbiome variation than host genotype, microbiome heritability varies across plant anatomy and development. Fine‐scale variation of plant traits within organs suggests that the well‐established concept of ‘microbiome compartment’ should be refined. Additionally, recent work shows that the balance of deterministic processes (including host genetic effects) vs stochastic processes also varies over time and space. Together, these findings suggest that re‐centering plant phenotype – both as a predictor and a readout of microbiome function – will accelerate new insights into microbiome heritability.
Budgeting for existential crisis: The federal government as society's guarantor
Authors: Redburn F. Stevens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic produced a fiscal shock of almost unprecedented scale and suddenness. Procedurally, the exigencies of responding to such crises make a mockery of the apparatus of normal budgeting. Standard near‐term constraints and targets for fiscal choice lose utility as guides for budgeters; extraordinary procedures are invoked. Assessing the initial fiscal response reveals the extraordinary role the federal government plays during such a period as ultimate guarantor of the economy and social order. The federal government has constitutional responsibility and, under duress, is the only set of institutions with the capacity to play this role. Federal responses to ordinary emergencies generally assess their contribution to relief and recovery. In an extraordinary emergency such as the pandemic, responses may be assessed for their contributions to two additional policy objectives: readiness and resilience. An event of this magnitude also offers an opportunity to reconsider the aims of fiscal policies and whether the terms for measuring and judging policy outcomes are appropriate for such a period. The standard budget baseline lacks a component for the average multiyear cost of the federal government's exercise of its role as societal guarantor. The standard metric for judging fiscal policy—public debt as a percent of gross domestic product—is problematic as a fiscal policy target. An alternative would capture changes in public sector net worth, highlighting the net fiscal and economic benefit or cost of any policy to borrow in order to invest in long‐term policy objectives.
Oviposition site selection and attachment ability of Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Harmonia axyridis from the egg to the adult stage
Authors: Salerno Gianandrea , Rebora Manuela , Piersanti Silvana , Büscher Thies H. , Gorb Elena V. , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurface features of plants can influence the searching efficiency and survival of predatory insects. Surfaces act as barriers preventing attachment of both phytophages and also their insect predators. In this regard, we focused on the oviposition site selection and the attachment ability of all life stages (eggs, larvae, imagines) of two common ladybird species, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on artificial and natural substrates with different surface features and properties (roughness, wettability). Both species preferred a hydrophilic surface as the oviposition site and this can be correlated with the better performance of both larvae and adults on these substrates compared with hydrophobic ones. The egg glue of both ladybird species can wet hydrophobic surfaces such as those of many plant leaves and also with prominent 3D wax coverage. The surface roughness has an important role in the oviposition site selection in P. quatuordecimpunctata, but not in H. axyridis. The oviposition preference for smooth surfaces in P. quatuordecimpunctata could be due to better performance of larvae on smooth substrates compared with rough ones. The egg glue of both species can adapt to artificial and natural surfaces characterized by different asperity sizes faithfully replicating their shape, except for very high asperity sizes or big trichomes. The results of the present research can shed light on the mechanical ecology of the evolutionary successful Coccinellidae and may aid in the development of suitable substrates for coccinellid egg‐laying, in order to improve the mass rearing technique of species used in biological control.
Nutrient dynamics from surface‐applied organic matter amendments on no‐till orchard soil
Authors: Khalsa Sat Darshan S. , Hart Stephen C. , Brown Patrick H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvancing conservation agriculture depends on understanding nutrient dynamics of organic matter amendments (OMA) on no‐till soil. This field incubation study compared surface‐applied composted dairy manure (CM), green waste compost (GWC) and an unamended control from March to September in 2015 and 2016 using a RCBD in a California almond (Prunus dulcis) orchard. Measurements included OMA nutrient release rates, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN) and inorganic N, P and K availability using in‐season soil sampling and collection of ion exchange resin (IER) membranes from 0 to 10 cm depth, and cumulative N and P availability using soil IER cores from 0 to 50 cm depth. We hypothesized OMA sources with a lower initial C:N increase soil N availability, greater soluble phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations increase P and K availability, and all OMA sources increase SOC with the greatest N recovery in the TN pool. No differences were observed in C, N and P release rates, while the K release rate was the greatest. In‐season N availability showed no effect but P and K availability differed as evidenced by greater IER adsorption and soil extractable P and K. Both OMA sources significantly increased in SOC and TN. Net N mineralization from OMA sources ranged from 0.7% to 8.0% of applied N and total N recovery in TN and inorganic N pools increased based on the initial C:N. These results advance our understanding of nutrient dynamics while conserving the soil due to the no‐till practice of surface‐applied OMA.
Towards a holistic framework for delivering quality GIS education within and across disciplines
Authors: Hodza Paddington , Berendsen Margo E. , Hamerlinck Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current GIS education framework has gaps, undervalued elements, and decentralized components that make it difficult to effectively relate, teach, learn, and assess learning key constructs within and across disciplines. Building upon critical synthesis, analysis, and extension of multidisciplinary literature, we develop a student‐centered framework that places the 2D learning GIS space within the broader 3D educational space defined by cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning. The modalities of GIS learning are discussed in the contexts of the “circle of GIS thinking,” “triangle of GIS practice,” and “triangle of affective GIS.” The framework suggests that well‐rounded GIS individuals possess hard and soft (non‐)geospatial knowledge, skills, and abilities gained through learning by thinking, doing, and feeling. It is coherent, intuitive, extensible, and in sync with modern GIS perspectives and knowledge, and multimodal ways of mastering this subject. We demonstrate how the framework informs design and content considerations for hybrid minds‐on, hands‐on, and “body‐on” classroom assessments that mirror the nature of GIS. We conclude that the framework shows considerable potential to facilitate consistent and persistent delivery of quality GIS education.
Toward Elucidating the Physiological Impacts of Residual Stresses in the Colorectum
Authors: Zhao Y. , Siri S. , Feng B. , Pierce D. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome afflicts 10–20% of the global population, causing visceral pain with increased sensitivity to colorectal distension and normal bowel movements. Understanding and predicting these biomechanics will further advance our understanding of visceral pain and complement the existing literature on visceral neurophysiology. We recently performed a series of experiments at three longitudinal segments (colonic, intermediate, and rectal) of the distal 30 mm of colorectums of mice. We also established and fitted constitutive models addressing mechanical heterogeneity in both the through-thickness and longitudinal directions of the colorectum. Afferent nerve endings, strategically located within the submucosa, are likely nociceptors that detect concentrations of mechanical stresses to evoke the perception of pain from the viscera. In this study, we aim to: (1) establish and validate a method for incorporating residual stresses into models of colorectums, (2) predict the effects of residual stresses on the intratissue mechanics within the colorectum, and (3) establish intratissue distributions of stretches and stresses within the colorectum in vivo. To these ends we developed two-layered, composite finite element models of the colorectum based on our experimental evidence and validated our approaches against independent experimental data. We included layer- and segment-specific residual stretches/stresses in our simulations via the prestrain algorithm built into the finite element software febio. Our models and modeling approaches allow researchers to predict both organ and intratissue biomechanics of the colorectum and may facilitate better understanding of the underlying mechanical mechanisms of visceral pain.
Design and Hardware in-the-Loop Validation of an Effective Super-Twisting Controller for Stick-Slip Suppression in Drill-String Systems
Authors: Krama Abdelbasset , Gharib Mohamed , Refaat Shady S. , Palazzolo Alan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel controller for drill string systems based on a super-twisting sliding mode theory. The aim is to eliminate the stick-slip vibration and maintain a constant drill string velocity at the desired reference value. The proposed controller inherently attenuates the torsional vibration while ensuring the stability and high efficiency of the drill string. A discontinuous lumped-parameter torsional model of vertical drill strings based on four components (rotary table, drill pipes, drill collars, and drill bit) is considered. The Karnopp friction model is adopted to simulate the nonlinear bit-rock interaction phenomena. In order to provide a more accurate evaluation, the proposed drill string controller is implemented with the induction motor, a variable frequency drive, and a gearbox to closely mirror the real environment of oil well drill strings. The increasing demand for prototyping and testing high-power plants in realistic and safe environments has led to the advancement of new types of experimental investigations without hurting the real system or building a small-scale prototype for testing. The dynamic performance of the proposed controller has been investigated with matlab software and in a novel hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform. A power plant is modeled and implemented in the real-time simulator OPAL-RT 5600, whereas the controllers are implemented in the dSPACE 1103 control board. The results obtained through simulatiosn and HIL testing demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of the proposed controller.
Impact of Uncertainty on Prediction of Supercritical CO2 Properties and Nusselt Numbers
Authors: Sullivan Neil P. , Chao Yang , Boetcher Sandra K. S. , Ricklick Mark A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The impact of measurement uncertainty on Nusselt number correlations for supercritical CO2 is investigated. Selection of appropriate reference quantities for these correlations, such as thermal conductivity, appears to have a large effect on accurately predicting heat transfer rates. Supercritical CO2 work heavily depends on real fluid property data, which show that fluid properties have very large gradients with respect to temperature and pressure near the critical point. The sharp gradients imply heat transfer predictions are highly sensitive to the accuracy of temperature and pressure experimental measurements in this region. Root sum of squares uncertainties at various property values indicate predictably large (on the order of 1000%) uncertainties in calculated Reynolds, Prandtl, and Nusselt numbers near the critical point. Interestingly, uncertainties remain several times the calculated value for operating pressures between 7.5 and 8.5 MPa, which are common in the experimental literature—highlighting a need for careful application of correlations near the pseudocritical line and the benefits of presenting dimensional data in the literature.