bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of positive cumulative fluid balance on postoperative complications after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kohli Megha , Garg Neha , Sindwani Gaurav , Tempe Deepak , Pamecha Viniyendra , Pasupuleti Samba Siva Rao 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims:
Fluid administration during liver transplant (LT) surgery is controversial. Although adverse outcomes following positive intraoperative fluid balance have been reported, studies presenting the influence of cumulative postoperative fluid balance (CFB) on complications following LT are sparse. Patients with chronic liver disease tend to receive more fluid during and after surgery due to their unique physiological disease state. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 48-hour CFB on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and pulmonary complications on day 4 after live donor LT.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 230 patients undergoing live donor LT. The effect of CFB on day 2 on AKI and pulmonary complications was analysed. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test were used.

Results:
Bivariate analysis showed a lower graft vs recipient weight ratio (GRWR), sepsis (P < 0.001) and a higher 48-hour CFB after surgery significantly increased the development of AKI. For pulmonary complications, higher Model for End- stage Liver Disease-Na(MELD-Na) score, higher peak arterial lactate, higher 48-hour CFB (P = 0.016) and sepsis (P = 0.003) were found to be statistically significant. Upon multivariate analysis, CFB at 48 hours was significantly higher in patients suffering from pulmonary complications, and GRWR and sepsis were significant for AKI. For every one litre increase in CFB on day 2, the odds of pulmonary complications increased by 37%.

Conclusion:
A more positive CFB on day 2 increased the development of pulmonary complications and lower GRWR and sepsis increased the development of AKI.
Knowledge-Based Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Planning for Breast Cancer
Authors: Apaza Blanco Oscar Abel , Almada María José , Garcia Andino Albin Ariel , Zunino Silvia , Venencia Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To create and to validate knowledge-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) models for breast cancer treatments without lymph node irradiation.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred VMAT-based breast plans (manual plans [MP]) were selected to create two knowledge-based VMAT models (breast left and breast right) using RapidPlan™. The plans were generated on Eclipse v15.5 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with 6 MV of a Novalis Tx equipped with a high-resolution multileaf collimator. The models were verified based on goodness-of-fit statistics using the coefficients of determination (R
2) and Chi-square (χ2), and the goodness-of-estimation statistics through the mean square error (MSE). Geometrical and dosimetrical constraints were identified and removed from the RP models using statistical evaluation metrics and plots. For validation, 20 plans that integrate the models and 20 plans that do not were reoptimized with RP (closed and opened validation). Dosimetrical parameters of interest were used to compare MP versus RP plans for the Heart, Homolateral_Lung, Contralateral_Lung, and Contralateral_Breast. Optimization planning time and user independency were also analyzed.

Results:
The most unfavorable results of R2
in both models for the organs at risk were as follows: for Contralateral_Lung 0.51 in RP right breast (RP_RB) and for Heart 0.60 in RP left breast (RP_LB). The most unfavorable results of χ2 test were: for Contralateral_Breast 1.02 in RP_RB and for Heart 1.03 in RP_LB. These goodness-of-fit results show that no overfitting occurred in either of the models. There were no unfavorable results of mean square error (MSE, all < 0.05) in any of the two models. These goodness-of-estimation results show that the models have good estimation power. For closed validation, significant differences were found in RP_RB for Homolateral_Lung (all P ≤ 0.001), and in the RP_LB differences were found for the heart (all P ≤ 0.04) and for Homolateral_Lung (all P ≤ 0.022). For open validation, no statistically significant differences were obtained in either of the models. RP models had little impact on reducing optimization planning times for expert planners; nevertheless, the result showed a 30% reduction time for beginner planners. The use of RP models generates high-quality plans, without differences from the planner experience.

Conclusion:
Two RP models for breast cancer treatment using VMAT were successfully implemented. The use of RP models for breast cancer reduces the optimization planning time and improves the efficiency of the treatment planning process while ensuring high-quality plans.
Characteristics of Bacterial Colonization after Indwelling Ureteral Stents in Urinary Stone Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gede Oka Anak Agung , Kusuma Duarsa Gede Wirya , Wulandari Sri Rahayu , Bagus Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde , Santosa Budi , Yudiana Wayan , Tirtayasa Pande Wisnu 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Placement of ureteral stents has been standard after the endoscopic procedures because it relieves obstruction caused by the stone and facilitates urine drainage. Bacterial colonization in the stent plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of stent-associated infections. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency, type of pathogens, and the significance of risk factors that may affect bacterial colonization of ureteral stents after endourology procedures in urinary stone patients.

Methods:
Thirty patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy or ureterorenoscopy for renal and ureteric stones were enrolled in this study. Urine specimens were collected for culture examination before stent insertion and on removal. The stents were then removed based on the clinical decision via the cystoscope, and three distal tip segments of the stents were sent for culture examination.

Results:
Four patients (13.3%) before stent insertion and 11 patients (36.7%) before stent removal had positive urine cultures. Eighteen (60%) stents were positive for the culture. Diabetes mellitus (DM) (P = 0.018) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P = 0.040) had a significant difference in increasing the risk of bacterial colonization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated from the stent culture.

Conclusion:
An indwelling ureteral stent carries a significant risk of bacterial colonization both on patients with DM and also CKD. P. aeruginosa appears as the most common bacteria in stent culture due to immunocompromised factors of these patients.
Prevalence of Hand Joint Symptoms in Androgen Deprivation Therapy Among Japanese Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Inoue Shogo , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Teishima Jun , Matsubara Akio 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The current trends in favor of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer at the stage of biochemical recurrence or increasing prostate-specific antigen levels raise the issue of exposing asymptomatic patients to potential adverse effects over the longer term. The aim of this study is to assess the hand joint symptoms caused by ADT in Japanese patients with prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed and performed a cross-sectional survey of hand joint symptoms in patients receiving ADT for prostate cancer. The results were compared with a control group of patients with prostate cancer that was hormone-naïve group. In total, there were 279 Japanese patients with prostate cancer, of whom 150 patients were ADT treated and 129 patients were hormone naïve. Patients completed a three-item self-administered questionnaire assessing the presence of hand joint symptoms that started or worsened after initiating ADT.

Results:
A statistically significant difference was found between the incidence rates of hand joint symptoms of both groups (P = 0.0056). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rates of hand joint pain (P = 0.0273). However, the incidence rates of hand numbness (P = 0.0576) and hand muscle weakness (P = 0.1098) between both groups were not significantly different.

Conclusion:
Our cross-sectional study demonstrated that patients receiving ADT for prostate cancer show significant hand joint symptoms compared to hormone-naïve patients. Consequently, for patients receiving ADT who suffer from hand joint symptoms, we must consider the adverse effects of ADT.
Comparative Analysis of Robot-Assisted, Laparoscopic, and Open Radical Prostatectomy Regarding Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Inoue Shogo , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Teishima Jun , Matsubara Akio 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This study aims to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and compare longitudinally the short-time LUTS changes of three techniques: robot-assisted RP (RARP), laparoscopic RP (LRP), and open RP (ORP).

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed prospectively the collected longitudinal data on the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) from patients who performed RP for localized prostate cancer. One-year longitudinal data (preoperatively and at postoperative 3, 6, and 12 months) on IPSS were available for 322 patients. The number of patients was 231 for RARP, 42 for LRP, and 49 for ORP. LUTS was assessed on the basis of the IPSS and the IPSS quality of life (QOL) score.

Results:
The IPSS and IPSS related QOL scores were significantly improved over the baseline score not for the LRP and ORP but for the RARP. For patients with moderate to severe LUTS preoperatively, the RARP group immediately improved in terms of preoperative LUTS differently from both LRP and ORP groups. Only RARP significantly improved in terms of voiding symptom composites (VSC) differently from both LRP and ORP procedures. However, none of the procedures changed in terms of storage symptom composites (SSC) longitudinally.

Conclusions:
The improvement of LUTS for RARP may contribute to the improvement of not only SSC but also VSC.
Comparing the Predictive Values of Diameter-Axial-Polar and Renal Scores for Long-Term Trifecta Outcomes in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lien Chi Chih , Chiang Chi Hung , Lu Yu Chuan , Chang Hong Chiang , Huang Chao Yuan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Few studies have reported the value of the diameter-axial-polar (DAP) score in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RaPN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and sequentially compare DAP and RENAL nephrometry score to predict long-term surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes of RaPN for renal cancer. This study demonstrated that the DAP score is effective enough to predict long-term trifecta outcomes of RaPN.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively collected clinical data of 108 patients with pathologically confirmed RCC who received RaPN by a single surgeon during 2012–2017. The patients were stratified into low, intermediate, and high complexities according to the RENAL and DAP scoring systems. We analyzed warm ischemia time (WIT), cancer-specific survival, radiographic progression-free survival, positive rate of surgical margin, renal function from the preoperative period to postoperative 1st/6th month, and postoperative complications.

Results:
The median follow-up period was 36 months. The 3-year cancer-specific survival rate and 3-year radiographic progression-free survival were 98.4% and 95.2%, respectively. Four patients (3.6%) had positive surgical margins. The largest decrease of renal functions from pre- to postoperative 6th month was noted in the intermediate DAP score group. No difference was observed between the DAP and RENAL scores in terms of WIT in 25 min, positive margin, complication, 3-year radiographic local recurrence, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) change, but a significant difference was observed in WIT in 20 min (area under the curve of DAP vs. RENAL = 0.81 vs. 0.54, P = 0.03). Age is an independent factor for progression to CKD after RaPN (odds ratio = 1.054, 95% confidence interval = 1.008–1.102, P = 0.022). Complications occurred in 22 patients (20.4%), and the most common postoperative complications were bleeding (12.2%), postoperative fever (0.5%), and urinary leakage (0.3%).

Conclusion:
The DAP score is an easy and effective tool for predicting perioperative outcomes of RaPN, especially in WIT in 20 min.
The Impact of Population Lockdown on the Referral Pattern for Urology in a COVID-19 Designated Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Amat Norshuhada , Philip Eleanor F. , Chai Chu Ann , Yeoh Wei Sien , Lim Jasmine , Fadzli Ahmad Nazran , Kuppusamy Shanggar , Ong Teng Aik 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Once COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. The Malaysian Government had taken an early measure by introducing the movement control order (MCO), which is a form of lockdown. This study aims at describing the referral pattern for urology in a COVID-19 designated tertiary hospital throughout the MCO period.

Materials and Methods:
All urology referrals received from March 18, 2020 to April 28, 2020 (i.e., during the MCO period) were included and assessed prospectively. For comparison, a retrospective study covering the period from February 1, 2020 to March 17, 2020 (i.e. pre-MCO period) was conducted. Parameters measured and compared include sources of referral, type of cases, outcomes, admission status, and COVID-19 status of patients referred.

Results:
The majority of referrals for urology were received from the emergency department during MCO (42.9%), followed by the medical ward (28.6%) and surgical ward (2.3%). In terms of the type of cases referred, during the MCO, the highest number of hematuria cases (22.5%) was received and a high number of Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH) and urethral stricture cases (18.8%). Conservative measures remain the most commonly adopted outcomes/management for both pre and during MCO. The number of admissions required for urology referral showed a slight difference between pre and during MCO.

Conclusion:
The workload of urology referral in a COVID-19 designated tertiary hospital did not change despite MCO. This supports that the urology team still has an important role to play as a subspecialty unit in managing urology emergencies, even when elective surgeries and procedures are being reduced or rescheduled.
A Learning Journey through a Heart-Centered Book
Authors: Allen Wendy , Ryan Lori 
Published: December 2021

As faculty for a graduate program in early childhood leadership, we co-designed a course on community-based action research around Patricia Wilson’s book, The Heart of Community Engagement: Practitioner Stories from Across the Globe. In this review we share how it mirrored our own deepening sense of community engagement practices, and how our students engaged with this unique text on their individual and collective learning journeys. We share highlights from the text that reinforced our sense of liberatory pedagogy. Wilson’s personal stories, as well as the stories of community-engaged practitioners across the globe , invite all of us to create our own purpose and intentions for the evolving path of facilitating change within ourselves and with others.
Awareness Based Systems Change and Racial Justice
Authors: Cunningham Dayna 
Published: December 2021

In my years working as a racial justice lawyer I came to realize that the law, while an incredibly important part of the work, is too blunt an instrument for the work of opening people’s hearts. What awareness-based systems change, and Theory U in particular, has to offer is a framework and method for doing this subtle work. In this piece I describe the ways in which this approach can serve as a powerful tool in the transformation of systemic and structural violence through its core movement of turning the beam of observation back on self and system with open-mind (curiosity), open-heart (compassion) and open-will (courage). If structural violence is a series of societal agreements to not pay attention to a set of people we deem less human than ourselves, as I believe it is, then what does it mean to cultivate a quality of attention that redresses these agreements? Not averting our eyes from the systemic racism that shapes our collective existence is core, as is witnessing with a tender heart. Then connecting the tender heart to effective action means acting with understanding of the urgent need to see from the whole, which cannot exclude anyone, especially people who have been marginalized. While you do not unmake centuries of injustice and violence by paying attention with an open-mind, heart, and will, you do help the social body in the room become more effective at the thing they are trying to do - beginning to address centuries of injustice and violence. That is the potential of awareness-based systems change.
Finding my Way Home: Knowing in the Philebus
Authors: King Richard A. H. 
Published: December 2021

Dans le Philèbe de Platon, Socrate fait valoir que la vie bonne doit consister en la connaissance et le plaisir. Une partie de cette démonstration consiste en une analyse des parties de la connaissance où la connaissance peut être plus ou moins pure, plus ou moins mêlée d’éléments étrangers tels que la sensation ou l’expérience. Lorsqu’elle est pure, elle s’attache à la vérité, pure et simple. Car, nous devons l’admettre, la connaissance est vraie, quoiqu’elle puisse être d’autre par ailleurs. La connaissance peut rendre les humains bons, c’est-à-dire leur permettre de bien faire, de manière fiable et souple, mais elle a son bien au-delà de l’existence humaine – elle n’est pas limitée à l’existence humaine. Nous suggérons ici que Platon détermine en fait la connaissance à partir de sa finalité – sa cause finale est utilisée pour déterminer sa cause formelle : ce que vise la connaissance nous dit ce qu’elle est. Au lieu de nous fournir une analyse selon l’aporie finale et insatisfaisante du Théétète (« l’opinion vraie accompagnée de raison »), la connaissance est ainsi dotée d’une justification fonctionnelle. Une partie de cette proposition est que la connaissance se doit d’être vraie ; c’est ce qui garantit sa stabilité : elle est à elle-même sa propre fin. Le bien de la connaissance, c’est la vérité. C’est ce qui lui permet de se comporter comme un guide pour l’âme. Les attributs additionnels de ce clan, qui est celui de la connaissance, découlent de la vérité et de leur relation à elle : exactitude, clarté et pureté. Car dans la mesure où ils sont purs et sans mélange avec des éléments étrangers tels que la pratique ou la sensation, ils ne s’intéressent qu’à des unités exactes, de choses qui sont ce qu’elles sont, de sorte que leur clarté n’est en rien troublée. C’est la dialectique qui recherche et établit cela.
Hugh of St Victor, Dominicus Gundissalinus and the Place of the Mechanical Arts in Medieval Architectures of Knowledge
Authors: Fidora Alexander , Polloni Nicola 
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution s’intéresse à la position problématique des arts mécaniques dans les systèmes médiévaux du savoir. Remplaçant la position secondaire assignée aux arts mécaniques du début du Moyen Âge, les solutions proposées par Hugues de Saint-Victor et Gundissalinus eurent une influence forte durant le XIIIe s. Alors que l’intégration des arts mécaniques dans le système de connaissance de Saint-Victor trahit leurs positions encore accessoires vis-à-vis de la considération des arts libéraux, Gundissalinus propose deux principales nouveautés. D’un côté il place les arts mécaniques aux côtés de l’alchimie et des arts de prédiction et de magie. D’un autre côté cependant, utilisant la théorie avancée par Avicenne, il subordonne ces « sciences naturelles » à la philosophie naturelle elle-même, établissant ainsi une architecture du savoir plus vaste et plus organisée hiérarchiquement. Notre contribution examine les implications découlant de ces développements ainsi que leur réception à Paris durant le XIIIe s., soulignant la pertinence des solutions proposées par Gundissalinus dans les discussions qui ont suivi, concernant la structure de la connaissance humaine.
Science-système et système des sciences
Authors: Pécharman Martine 
Published: December 2021

Cet article examine la définition, par Ramus, des normes de chaque science et l’influence de la critique de ce modèle ramiste dans l’émergence, au tournant du XVIIe siècle, d’une vision de la philosophie comme système de toutes les sciences. En étudiant la manière dont Bartholomäus Keckermann décrit les conditions qui permettent d’envisager la philosophie comme système des systèmes, on remarque la nette diffraction de l’héritage aristotélicien (principalement les Analytica posteriora) dans les thèses ramistes d’une part, dans l’approche systématique de Keckermann par rapport aux disciplines philosophiques d’autre part. Cette différence a eu un fort impact sur les fonctions attribuées à la logique (Ramus) et à la métaphysique (Keckermann) dans l’architecture des savoirs.
Le savoir de la philosophie
Authors: Hartung Gerald 
Published: December 2021

Au XIXe siècle se constitue le monde moderne que nous connaissons aujourd’hui. Non seulement la formation des sociétés, mais aussi les formes de connaissance sont considérées comme socialement et culturellement variables. La tentative d’arrêter ou de renverser ce processus en inventant des traditions via la construction de concepts généraux tels que, par exemple, « esprit », « culture », « peuple », « nation » ou « race » ne peut pas arrêter le processus d’historicisation radicale de nos formes de vie et de connaissance. Cet article tente de montrer les conséquences de ce développement pour une architecture de la connaissance dans les sciences humaines et les études culturelles. L’hypothèse de travail est qu’une différence entre les disciplines du savoir provient de la différence de vitesse à laquelle elles se ferment ou, au contraire, s’ouvrent à la pensée historique. Plus précisément, il s’agit de montrer comment la discipline qu’est la « philosophie » continue à se développer dans l’ambivalence de l’ouverture et du refus de la pensée historique – et, ce faisant, pose sans cesse à nouveau la question fondamentale du rapport entre vérité et histoire.
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Picture And Picture untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Geografi Kelas XI IIS 1 SMA Negeri I Koto Besar Dharmasraya
Authors: Ermita Ermita 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk peningkatan hasil belajar Georafi siswa melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran picture anda picture. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas XI IIS 1 SMA Negeri I Koto Besar Dharmasraya dengan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 14 siswa, terdiri dari siswa perempuan 5 orang dan laki-laki 9 orang dengan latar belakang pendidikan orang tua siswa, prestasi akademik, status Geografi yang heterogen. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi awal siswa memiliki rata-rata nilai 72, kemudian meningkat pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata 77, dan juga meningkat pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 83. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran Picture And Picture dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.