bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iowa PK Press for Donor Corneas-A Comparative Study of Donor Corneal Shape
Authors: Vrabec Michael P , Krachmer Jay H , Florakis George J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A new cornea press for cutting donor corneal buttons from the endothelial side, the Iowa PK Press, is described. Major modifications of the Bourne Press include a springactivated piston without lateral sway, a centering device for a Teflon® cutting pad, and the ability to accommodate a wider range of trephine sizes (6.2 mm to 10.0 mm).
METHODS: The Iowa PK Press was compared with the Bourne Corneal Press and trephination by hand in a series of 15 donor cornea trephinations. Measurements taken from photographs of the buttons included endothelial diameter, epithelial diameter, and edge angles.
RESULTS: The Iowa PK press cut buttons that had a slightly larger epithelial and endothelial diameter when compared to hand trephination (p < .05, analysis of variance) with less undercutting of the endothelial surface. There was no statistically significant difference in epithelial and endothelial diameters, eccentricity, or edge angles between the two presses.
CONCLUSIONS: The Iowa PK Press is more versatile than the Bourne Press in terms of the potential range of diameter of corneal buttons that can be created. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:475-477.)
RESUME
INTRODUCTION: Une nouvelle presse de la cornée servant à couper les greffons cornéens du côté endotheliale est décrit. D'importants modifications ont été apportées à la presse selon Bourne, mensionnons notamment le piston à ressort sans balacement latéral, l'appareil à centrer pour coussinet à couper en Teflon®, et la possibilité d'une plus grande variation de la taille de trépans (6.2 mm à 10.0 mm).
MÉTHODES: La presse à greffe transfixiante selon Iowa fut comparée à la presse cornéenne de Bourne et à la trépanation à main levée en 15 trépanations de cornées données. Plusieurs mesures dont celles du diamètre endothelial, du diamètre epithelial, de l'angle du bord du bouton ont été prises à partir de photos de greffons.
RÉSULTATS: La presse à greffe transfixante d'Iowa permettait d'obtenir des greffons à diamètres épithéliaux plus grands que ceux trépanés à la main (p < .5 analyse de variance) et ce, en minant moins la surface endotheliale. La comparaison entre les deux presses n'a pas démontré des différences statistiquement significatives en ce qui a trait au diamètre endothelial ou epithelial, à l'excentricité, et à l'angle du bord du greffon.
CONCLUSION: La variation des diamètres des grefoons cornéens nous permet de constater que la presse à greffe transfixiante selon Iowa, est plus souple que la presse salon Bourne.
SOMMARIO
PREMESSA: Viene descritto un nuovo trapano corneale per donatore, lo "Iowa PK Press," per tagliare il lembo IaIIa parte endoteliale. Le maggiori modifiche rispetto al "Bourne Press" consistono in un pistone attivato da una spirale privo di movimenti di lateralìtà, un sistema di centraggio per una superficie d'appoggio in Teflon® e la possibilità di utilizzare un più ampio range di dimensioni del trapano (da 6.2 mm a 10.0 mm).
Long-Term Endothelial Cell Loss Following Phacoemulsification: Model for Evaluating Endothelial Damage After Intraocular Surgery
Authors: Werblin Theodore P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Newer concepts of phakic intraocular lens (IOL) surgery present concerns as to their long-term deleterious effect on the endothelium. We examine the behavior of the endothelium for up to 6 years following uneventful phacoemulsification surgery, to establish a baseline for what might be an acceptable level of endothelial cell loss due to intraocular surgical trauma.
METHODS: Ninety-three eyes undergoing phacoemulsification surgery who had multiple endothelial specular microscopy examinations for up to 6 years were examined. Central endothelial specular photomicrographs were analyzed in all cases and the percent of endothelial cell loss as a function of time was calculated. Cell density calculations were corrected for the normal endothelial cell loss as a function of age.
RESULTS: Routine uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery demonstrated a 9% endothelial cell loss 1 year postoperatively. This is in marked contrast to the 16% average endothelial cell loss cited in the literature after phakic AC-IOL surgery. In general, anterior chamber IOL surgery following cataract removal compares unfavorably to posterior chamber IOL insertion long term (20% cell loss versus 12% cell loss).
CONCLUSIONS: A model is proposed to look at the rate of endothelial cell loss that would be significant enough to create the threat for corneal edema long term following refractive intraocular surgery in young patients. Suggestions for critical comparisons between the observed endothelial aging seen with phakic IOLs and values for more routine IOL surgery are proposed to predict the long-term threat for endothelial cell loss and corneal decompensation, which might result many years after phakic refractive IOL surgery. [Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:29-35.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Les effets secondaires endothéliaux suivant l'implantation de lentille infraoculaire chez les yeux phaques méritent consideration. Afin d'établir un niveau passable de perte de !'endothelium suivant la chirurgie intra-oculaire, nous avons suivi à long échéance l'endothelium apès la phacoemulsification noncompliquée.
METHODES: Nous avons examiné 93 patients qui ont subi la phacoemulsification et qui ont subi de nombreuses examens à la microscopic speculate jusqu'à 6 ans post-opératoire. Les photos de la microscopie speculaire de !'endothelium centrale furent analysés dans tous les cas et le pourcentage de perte des cellules endotheliales avec le temps fut calculé. Les calculations furent corrigées avec la perte normale des cellules en fonction du viellissement.
RÉSULTATS: Nous avons observé la perte de 9% des cellules endotheliales 1 année après la phacoemulsification noncompliquée, par contraste au chiffre publiée de 16% après l'implantation de LIO chez les yeux phaques. On a observé une perte de 20% après l'implantation de LIO dans la chambre antérieure suivant l'extraction de cataracte, par contraste à 12% avec une lentille postérieure.
Multifocal Effect of Against-the-Rule Myopic Astigmatism in Pseudophakic Eyes
Authors: Verzella Franco , Calossi Antonio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implants we can sometimes obtain a certain degree of pseudoaccommodation. The use of a slight myopic astigmatism is proposed for postoperative refraction to achieve a significant increase in the depth of field and to reestablish a certain degree of pseudoaccommodation in Pseudophakie eyes.
METHODS: Eighty-one eyes with against-therule myopic astigmatism were evaluated in 50 patients who underwent IOL implant surgery. We selected patients with corrected monocular visual acuity greater than or equal to 20/30 and with a refraction ranging from + 0.50 to - 1 .25 diopters sph, from -0.50 to -2.75 D cyl, ax from 55° to 140°.
RESULTS: Monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity in 68% of eyes was 20/40 or better, while binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity in 84% of eyes was 20/40 or better and in 66% of eyes was 20/30 or better. Monocular uncorrected near visual acuity in 67% of eyes was J3 or better, while binocular uncorrected near visual acuity in 82% of eyes was J3 or better and in 68% was J2 or better.
Sixty-four percent of patients never wear glasses for distance, while 34% use them occasionally and only 2% always wear them.
Fifty-four percent of patients never wear glasses for near, 32% use them occasionally, while 14% always wear them.
CONCLUSION: These data show that with a low against-the-rule simple myopic astigmatism (about -1.50 D cyl x 90) we can often offer Pseudophakie patients a rewarding independence from glasses both for distant and near vision. (Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:58-61.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Avec la lentille intraoculalre monofocal nous pouvons parfois observer un certain degré de pseudoaccommodation. Nous proposons l'utilisation d'un faible astigmatisme myopique en réfraction postopératoire afin d'augmenter le profondeur de champ et d'établir une certaine pseudoaccommodation chez les yeux pseudophakes.
MÉTHODES: Nous avons évalué 81 oeils avec astigmatisme inverse chez 50 patients qui avaient subi l'implantation d'une lentille intraoculaire (LIO). Nous avons choisi les patients avec une acuité visuelle monoculaire corrigée d'au moins 20/30 (6.7/ 10e), et avec une réfraction sphérique variant entre + 0.50 et - 1 .25 D, une réfraction cylindrique variant entre -0.50 et -2.75 D, et axiqle variant entre 55° et 140°.
RÉSULTATS: L'acuité visuelle monoculaire noncorrigée de loin dans 68% des cas fut d'au moins 20/40 (5/ 10e) tandis que l'acuité binoculaire noncorrigée de loin dans 84% des cas fut d'au moins 20/40 (5/ 10e) et dans 66% des cas fut d'au moins 20/30 (6.7/ 10e). L'acuité visuelle monoculaire de près et non-corrigée dans 67% des cas fut d'au moins J3, tandis que l'acuité visuelle binoculaire de près et non-corrigée dans 82% des cas fut d'au moins J3 et dans 68% des cas fut d'au moins J2.
64% des patients ne portent jamais des lunettes pour voir de loin, tandis que 34% en portent à l'occasion et seulement 2% en portent continuellement.
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans Keratitis Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Siganos Dimitrios S , Tselentis Ioannis G , Papatzanaki Maria E , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a bacterium not previously reported in a corneal infection. We present a case of infectious keratitis caused by this organism, occurring 1 month following penetrating keratoplasty.
METHODS: Identification of the organism was accomplished by staining, culture, and sensitivity testing of the corneal scraping obtained from the involved area. The infection responded to subconjunctival ticarcillin, piperacillin eye drops, and I.V. azlocillin.
RESULTS: Complete healing with a resultant corneal opacity involving mostly the anterior and middle stroma was achieved 1 month later.
CONCLUSIONS: A. xylosoxidans should be considered as a potential pathogen in instances of early postkeratoplasty infectious keratitis. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8;71-73.)
Cryolathe Keratomileusis for Correction of Myopia of 4.00 to 8.00 Diopters
Authors: Polit Fernando , Ibrahim Osama , El Maghraby Akef , Salah Tarek 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: During the last decade, new refractive surgery procedures have been introduced; older techniques have been modified or even abandoned. Cryolathe myopic keratomileusis has been in clinical use for approximately 30 years. In this retrospective study, we present our experience in applying this technique for the correction of 4.00 to 6.00 diopters of myopia.
METHODS: Autoplastic cryolathe keratomileusis was performed on 61 eyes of 44 patients who were at least 18 years of age, with a preoperative myopia of 8.00 D or less, and 4.00 D or less of astigmatism. The surgical technique used the Barraquer microkeratome and cryolathe. The mean postoperative observation period was 28 months (range, 12 to 73 months).
RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -5.95 ± 1.14 D (range, -4.25 to -8.00 D). After a mean follow up of 28 months, the mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.91 ± 1.49 D (range, +2.00 to -7.75 D). At the end of follow up, 37 eyes (60.7%) were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia and 44 eyes (72.1%) achieved 20/40 or better uncorrected visual acuity. Complications included corneal ectasia in one eye (1.6%) and epithelial inclusions of the interface in another eye (1.6%). Irregular astigmatism was not a major problem, occurring in only two eyes (3.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: Cryolathe keratomileusis is a proven and feasible technique for correcting moderate to high amounts of myopia in properly selected patients; there is a low incidence of vision -threatening complications. Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:259-267.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Pendant la dernière décade de nouvelles chirurgies réfractives ont été introduites; les méthodes précédentes ont été modifiées ou abandonnées. Le keratomileusis myopique reste parmi les techniques opératoires qui ont duré pendant des années. Dans cette étude rétrospective nous présentons notre expérience avec cette technique pour correction de la myopie entre quatre et huit dioptries.
MÉTHODES: Le keratomileusis autoplastique au cryo-tour fut réalisé sur 61 yeux de 44 patients âgés d'au moins 18 ans et affectés d'une myopie préopératoire jusqu'à 8,00 dioptries avec astigmatisme égale ou inférieur à 4,00 dioptries. Il s'agit du microkératome de Barraquer et le cryo-tour. Le suivi post- opératoire moyen fut de 28 mois (écarts 12 à 73 mois).
RÉSULTATS: Le moyen équivalent sphérique de la réfraction préopératoire fut -5,95 ± 1,14 D (écarts -4,25 à -8,00). Après le suivi postopératoire moyen de 28 mois l'équivalent sphérique fut -0,91 ± -1,49 D (écarts +2,00 à -7,75 D). Finalement, 37 yeux (60,7%) étaient entre ± 1,00 D de l'emmetropie et 44 yeux (72.1%) ont réalisés une meilleure acuité visuelle noncorrigée d'au moins 20/40. Les complications comprenaient l'ectasie cornéene chez un oeil (1 ,6%) et les inclusions epitheliales dans l'interface chez un autre (1,6%). L'astigmatisme irregulier n'était pas un grand problème, arrivant chez seulement deux yeux (3,3%).
Topical Diclofenac in the Treatment of Ocular Pain After Excimer Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Sher Neal A , Frantz Jonathan M , Talley Audrey , Parker Paula , Lane Steven S , Ostrov Charles , Carpel Emmett , Doughman Donald , DeMarchi Janet , Lindstrom Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy, patients experience significant ocular pain until corneal reepithelialization. Despite the use of cold compresses, bandage soft contact lenses, cycloplegics, narcotics, and topical corticosteroids, the pain has not been adequately controlled in many patients.
METHODS: A randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study of diclofenac sodium 0.1% ophthalmic solution and its placebo vehicle was evaluated. Patients undergoing excimer myopic photorefractive keratectomy on their second eye were admitted overnight. Postoperative procedures included two drops of diclofenac or placebo immediately after surgery and then qid until reepithelialization, topical tobramycin (qid), 0.1% fluorometholone (q2h), cycloplegics, and a disposable soft contact lens. Thirty-two patients (diclofenac= 16, placebo= 16) were evaluated from + 30 minutes to +96 hours by several types of questionnaires.
RESULTS: Most patients who received placebo experienced pain, starting within 1 hour, peaking at 4 to 6 hours and lasting 36 to 48 hours. The diclofenac-treated patients rarely experienced the early peak in pain, had less pain overall until 72 hours postoperatively, and experienced significantly less photophobia and burning/stinging. Significantly fewer patients on diclofenac required oral narcotics. Three patients (diclofenac =2, placebo= 1) developed corneal infiltrates, the etiology of which is not known. In a separate study we conducted, there was no difference in epithelial healing times between the diclofenac-treated eyes and those not receiving the drug.
CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac appears to significantly reduce the ocular pain following excimer photorefractive keratectomy. (Refract Corneal Surg. 1993;9:425-436.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Les patients éprouvent une douleur oculaire significative après la kératectomie photorefractive au laser excimer jusqu'à la ré-epithélialisation cornéenne. Malgré l'emploi de compresses froides, le port de lentilles de contact, la cycloplégle, l'utilisation de narcotiques, et de corticoïdes, la douleur ne fut pas contrôlée chez un grand nombre de patients.
Time-Delayed, Two-Step Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy to Correct High Myopia
Authors: Förster Werner 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Besides scarring, undercorrection is an important complication of photorefractive keratectomy in myopes over 10.00 diopters.
METHODS: We performed a two-step, timedelayed photorefractive keratectomy with two different ablation zone diameters in a 24-year-old female with amblyopia to correct a total myopic refraction error of - 10.75 D. In the first session, a simple myopic correction of -6.50 D with a 5millimeter ablation zone was performed, and 6 months later, a second myopic correction of -4.00 D with a 6.5-millimeter ablation zone was performed.
RESULTS: Four months after the second photorefractive keratectomy with an ablation zone of 6.5 mm, the refraction was +0.75 - 2.25 × 40° and stayed constant for 2 more months. After the second treatment, an initial increase in corneal haze was seen, but after 4 months, the corneal haze did not exceed the status before the second treatment.
CONCLUSION: A planned two-step, timedelayed photorefractive keratectomy with a larger second ablation zone is a possible approach to overcoming the problem of undercorrection and regression in high myopia. (Refract Corneal Surg. 1993;9:465-467.)
Intrastromal Corneal Ring: 12-month Sighted Myopic Eyes
Authors: Nosé Walton , Neves Renato A , Burris Terry E , Schanzlin David J , Belfort Rubens 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and stability of the refractive effect produced by the Intrastromal Corneal Ring (ICR®), the authors completed a 12-month study on 10 myopic eyes.
METHODS: Ten patients with preoperative refractive errors ranging from -2.63 diopters (D) to -4.25 D (mean, -3.30 D) participated in the study. The attempted correction was -2.50 D for a 7.0-mm diameter, 0.3-mm thick ICR. One eye of each patient received an ICR.
RESULTS: The average change in spherical equivalent at 12 months was -2.25 D (SD 0.54 D; range, -1.62 to -3.25 D). All patients maintained a spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better during the 12-month study period, with the exception of patient no. 6 who saw 20/30 at the 6-month examination. Her spectacle-corrected visual acuity returned to 20/20 a few days after the ICR was explanted and remained stable throughout the study. Uncorrected visual acuity had improved to 20/40 or better in all patients on postoperative day 1 and remained in this range for the 9 eyes (90%) during the 12 months of follow up. At postoperative month 12, 9 of 9 eyes (100%) had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better with 3 of 9 eyes (33%) seeing 20/20 or better. The remaining patient, no. 6, experienced a tear in Descemet's membrane during the procedure and required explantation of the ring after 6 months due to induced astigmatism and deterioration of uncorrected visual acuity. Two patients developed infiltrates that resolved with the use of antibiotics. The most common postoperative ocular findings were peripheral corneal haze in all eyes that diminished over time, minute lamellar channel deposits (7 of 10 eyes, 70%), deep stromal neovascularization (5 of 10 eyes, 50%), and pannus (5 of 10 eyes, 50%).
CONCLUSION: This preliminary study shows that implantation of an intrastromal corneal ring of this dimension (0.3-mm thick) can reduce approximately 1.50 to 3.00 D of myopia and maintain spectacle-corrected visual acuity. [J Refract Surg. 1996;12:20-28.]
Comparison of 5-mm and 6-mm Ablation Zones in Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Kalski Richard S , Sutton Gerard , Bin Yu , Lawless Michael A , Rogers Christopher 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Variation in ablation zone diameter may alter visual acuity and/or refractive effect in photorefractive keratectomy. Despite theoretical benefits of using a smaller diameter ablation zone, clinical studies suggest that a larger ablation zone may decrease problems associated with photorefractive keratectomy.
METHODS: The results of our initial 34 consecutive eyes treated with a 5-mm diameter ablation zone using a Summit Technology ExciMed UV200LA excimer laser were compared retrospectively to our initial 34 consecutive eyes treated with a 6-mm diameter ablation zone using a Summit OmniMed excimer laser. Eyes had a spherical equivalent refraction between -1.00 and -6.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism less than 1.00 D. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months.
RESULTS: Eyes treated with a 6-mm ablation zone had less hyperopia and a spherical equivalent refraction closer to emmetropia at 1, 2, and 3 months (P=0.001). Eyes treated with a 6-mm ablation zone had better uncorrected visual acuity at 1 and 2 months (P=0.001). Less subepithelial haze was noted at 2 months (P=0.01) and 3 months (P=0.002) in the 6-mm group. At 6 months postoperatively, 30 of 32 eyes (94%) treated with a 6-mm ablation zone had a spherical equivalent refraction within 0.50 D of emmetropia, and all 32 eyes (100%) were within 1.00 D of emmetropia; in the 5-mm ablation zone group, 28 of 34 eyes (80%) were within 0.50 D and 29 (85%) were within 1.00 D of emmetropia. Patients treated with a 6-mm ablation zone complained less of night halos and had fewer differences between night and day vision.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study of myopia of -1.00 D to -6.00 D, eyes treated with a 6-mm ablation zone achieve a more rapid visual recovery with less variation in refractive outcome and less adverse effects than those treated with a 5-mm ablation zone. [J Refract Surg. 1996;12:61-67.]
Comparison of the Standard Combined (Bidirectional) Radial Keratotomy Technique With the Undercut Technique in Human Donor Eyes
Authors: Parks Ross , Quantock Andrew J , Assil Kerry K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of a new radial keratotomy technique, using a diamond designed to undermine the central clear zone without incising superficial stroma.
METHODS: An 8-incision radial keratotomy at a 3-mm central clear zone was performed on nine pairs of human donor globes. One eye of each pair was incised using the standard combined (bidirectional) technique diamond and the contralateral eye, using the undercut bidirectional technique diamond. Paired t-tests were used to compare changes in central corneal curvature between these two groups. Microscopic analysis of incision morphology was performed on four eyes.
RESULTS: Corneal topography at the 1-, 3-, and 5-mm annular zones revealed corneal flattening of 7.70 ± 1.50 diopters (D), 6.70 ± 1.30 D, and 5.10 ± 1.00 D, respectively, in the undercut bidirectional technique group versus 6.20 ± 1.70 D, 5.30 ± 1.50 D, and 4.00 ± 1.20 D, respectively, in the standard bidirectional technique group (P <0.01 for each annular zone). Light microscopy (serial sections) revealed an average incision depth of 80.9 ± 3.9% in the undercut bidirectional technique group versus 72.7 ± 4.5% in the combined group (P <0.01). The undercut bidirectional technique incisions undermined the central clear zone for a distance of approximately 350 µm compared to about 140 µm for the standard bidirectional incisions.
CONCLUSIONS: In the human cadaver eye, the undercut technique of radial keratotomy provided greater flattening than the standard bidirectional technique. The greater amount of flattening may result from greater central extension of the undercut incisions beneath the central clear zone, from greater incision depth, or from a combination of both factors. [J Refract Surg. 1996;12:77-85.]