bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetraspanin CD81 serves as a functional entry factor for porcine circovirus type 2 infection
Authors: Li Junshuo , Lv Lin , Gao Yanni , Sun Yangyang , Bai Juan , Wang Xianwei , Sun Haifen , Jiang Ping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease, clinically resulting in immunosuppression and co-infections with other pathogens in infected pigs. The mechanism of PCV2 infection remains unclear. In this study, we firstly found that the tetraspanin CD81 in PK-15 cells interacts with PCV2 Cap protein by using virus overlay protein-binding assay combined with mass spectrometry. Knockdown of the CD81 significantly reduces the levels of the viral Cap mRNA and protein, and viral internalization in PK-15 cells. The critical interaction regions locate in the large extracellular loop (LEL) domain of CD81 and the CD loop region (82–91aa) of the Cap protein, and a polyclonal antibody against the CD81 LEL domain significantly inhibits PCV2 infection. The transmembrane proteoglycan Syndecan-1 interacts with both CD81 and PCV2 Cap, and co-operates with CD81 to promote PCV2 infection in PK-15 cells. Furthermore, CD81 facilitates RhoA activation and enhances the viral internalization and replication in PK-15 cells. It was concluded that the tetraspanin CD81 is a key host factor for PCV2 invasion into PK-15 cells, thus providing new insights into PCV2 life cycle and identifying a potential target for antiviral drug development.

IMPORTANCE
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a significant economic pathogen in the swine industry, presents persistent challenges in its prevention and treatment. Despite extensive research, the mechanism of PCV2 invading host cells remains unclear. In this study, we found and identified a novel interaction between the tetraspanin CD81 and the viral Cap protein during the PCV2 invading PK-15 cells. The transmembrane proteoglycan Syndecan-1 and RhoA are involved in the infection process through the CD81. Moreover, this is the first time that the role of Syndecan-1 in the PCV2 infection process has been demonstrated. Also, a polyclonal antibody against the CD81 extracellular domain significantly inhibits PCV2 infection in PK-15 cells. It not only enriches our understanding of PCV2 life cycle but also offers new perspectives for the development of antiviral therapeutics against circovirus.
Draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces carpaticus
FH1
Authors: Hassan Farwa , Ali Hazrat , Hassan Noor , Saqib Anam , Rashid Muhammad Hamid , Nawaz Aniqa , Naqvi Rubab Zahra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Phytopathogens with multi-drug resistance are emerging frequently, resulting in various disease outbreaks. Hence, exploring new antimicrobials is urgent. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces carpaticus
FH1 strain, with the potential to produce various antimicrobial compounds. Genomic annotation revealed various genes encoding kanamycin, ectoine, and naringerin.
Complete genome sequence of Flavobacteriaceae sp. strain GF1, isolated from the phycosphere of a coral endosymbiotic dinoflagellate
Authors: Takagi Toshiyuki , Aoyama Kako , Motone Keisuke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

A Flavobacteriaceae sp. strain GF1 was isolated from an endosymbiotic dinoflagellate of a coral, and the genome was sequenced using a PacBio Sequel IIe system. The genome consists of a circular 5,300,001 bp chromosome and is predicted to harbor 6 rRNA genes, 42 tRNA genes, and 4,465 coding sequences.
Metagenome-assembled genome of
Staphylococcus nepalensis
from urban bats in China
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Ma Wentai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

We conducted metagenomic sequencing on a stool sample collected from urban-dwelling
Pipistrellus abramus
and obtained a metagenome-assembled genome of
Staphylococcus nepalensis
. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain is closely related to the one isolated from dogs, forming a distinct clade separate from the reference genome.
Strain-limited biofilm regulation through the Brg1-Rme1 circuit in
Candida albicans
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Mitchell Aaron P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Prominent virulence traits of
Candida albicans
include its ability to produce filamentous hyphal cells and grow as a biofilm. These traits are under control of numerous transcription factors (TFs), including Brg1 and Rme1. In the reference strain SC5314, a
brg1
Δ/Δ mutant has reduced levels of biofilm/filament production; a
brg1
Δ/Δ
rme1
Δ/Δ double mutant has wild-type levels of biofilm/filament production. Here, we asked whether this suppression relationship is preserved in four additional strain backgrounds: P76067, P57055, P87, and P75010. These strains represent diverse clades and biofilm/filament production abilities. We find that a
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation restores biofilm/filament production in a
brg1
Δ/Δ mutant of P76067, but not in
brg1
Δ/Δ mutants of P57055, P87, and P75010. We speculate that variation in activities of two functionally related TFs, Nrg1, and Ume6, may cause the strain-limited impact of the
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
is a widespread fungal pathogen. The regulatory circuitry underlying virulence traits is well studied in the reference strain background, but not in other clinical isolate backgrounds. Here, we describe a pronounced example of strain variation in the control of two prominent virulence traits, biofilm formation and filamentation.
Determining the effect of seminal plasma supplementation on sperm motility in males with asthenozoospermia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Willathgamuwa Nathalie Dilhara , Nammunige Manodya Kaushani , Thennakoon Thennakoon Mudiyanselage Hiranthika , Nissanka Nissanka Mudiyanselage Tanuri Ayang , Withanage Dona Manushi Dinasha , Rodrigo Nishadi Sachinthani , Logenthiran Prassana Varun 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionMale infertility, defined as the inability to impregnate a fertile female, arises from various factors, among which sperm motility plays a pivotal role in determining reproductive potential. Seminal plasma, a complex fluid comprising diverse proteins, serves to nourish and support sperm, thereby facilitating their function within the female reproductive tract for successful conception. Normozoospermia denotes normal sperm motility in males, whereas asthenozoospermia indicates reduced sperm motility. This review seeks to assess the feasibility of augmenting sperm motility in men with asthenozoospermia through supplementation with seminal plasma or specific seminal plasma proteins.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be conducted. PubMed and Google Scholar databases will be systematically searched using predefined keywords and Boolean operators. The search strategy will encompass terms related to asthenozoospermia, normozoospermia, seminal plasma proteins, sperm motility and sperm movement. Additionally, reference lists of relevant articles will be scrutinised for additional studies. Inclusion criteria will encompass human studies published as original research articles between 2019 and 2023. Data extraction will be performed using a standardised form, encompassing author details, country of origin, publication year, study design, participant characteristics, outcomes and conclusions. The risk of bias within the selected studies will be evaluated using the Robvis visualisation tool.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presentation at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024526439
Scoping review of social workers’ professional roles in primary care
Authors: Ashcroft Rachelle , Sheffield Peter , Adamson Keith , Phelps Fred , Webber Glenda , Walsh Benjamin , Dallaire Louis-François , Sur Deepy , Kemp Connor , Rayner Jennifer , Lam Simon , Brown Judith Belle 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesMaximising social workers’ contributions to primary care requires clarity about their scope of practice in this context. This scoping review sought to clarify what is known about social work’s scope of practice in primary care settings.DesignA scoping review design guided by the five-stage scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the updated JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.Data sources204 articles, published between 2013 and 2023 and obtained from the following seven databases, were reviewed: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Work Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts and Scopus.Eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed articles that included a focus on social work and primary care, written in English, published between 2013 and 2023 and not restricted by geographical location.Data extraction and synthesisSocial workers’ scope of practice in primary care was assessed in terms of role; health conditions, patient populations, social issues addressed; location of practice and modality for care delivery; range of providers that social workers collaborate and methods of collaboration.ResultsResults indicate that primary care social workers advance comprehensive, patient-centred, continuity of care and benefit both patients and other providers within primary care teams. Social workers undertake a range of roles, activities and functions in primary care settings—spanning direct patient care, team processes and community engagement. Social workers in primary care are involved in supporting patients with a robust range of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental conditions, as well as other acute and chronic health conditions. Most social workers are physically co-located within a team and are collaborating with a wide range of providers within and outside of the team.ConclusionsThis scoping review contributes clarity about social work’s capacity for enhancing the delivery of primary care. Social work’s role in primary care facilitates comprehensive, continuous and patient-centred care that improves the experiences of both patients and teams. Social work clinicians, leaders and scholars are encouraged to seek out opportunities to participate in and undertake research identifying these contributions to primary care.
DREAM: an adaptive, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of duloxetine for reducing leg pain in people with chronic sciatica—trial protocol
Authors: McLachlan Hanan , Maher Christopher G , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Billot Laurent , Day Richard O , Ivers Rowena , Underwood Martin , McLachlan Andrew J , Richards Bethan , Finnerup Nanna B , Ferreira Giovanni E 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSciatica is a debilitating condition that often becomes chronic, and for which there are few effective treatment options. Treatments such as the anti-depressant duloxetine have shown promise, but the evidence is inconclusive. We are describing a high quality, definitive trial to investigate the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of duloxetine in chronic sciatica.Methods and analysisThe duloxetine for chronic sciatica (DREAM) trial is a randomised, superiority, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded (participant, clinician, assessor) trial with an adaptive group sequential design investigating the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in participants with chronic sciatica of at least 3 months duration. Participants will be randomised at a 1:1 ratio to duloxetine or placebo. 332 participants will be recruited on presentation to general practices, specialist clinics and hospital emergency departments or from hospital in-patient wards and from the community. In the active treatment group, participants will receive duloxetine 60 mg per day for 12 weeks, including 1 week of titration at 30 mg/day. The treatment phase will be followed by a 2-week tapering phase where they will receive duloxetine 30 mg/day. Participants will be followed-up for 1 year, with outcomes being measured 4, 8, 12, 16, 26, and 52 weeks post-randomisation. The primary outcome is leg pain intensity at 12 weeks post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include back pain intensity, disability, time to recovery, quality of life, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbance. Adverse events will be recorded, and a cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee. Trial results will be disseminated by publications, conference presentations and via the media.Trial registration numberACTRN12624000919516.
Socioeconomic inequalities in adherence to clinical practice guidelines and breast cancer survival: a multicentre population-based study in Spain
Authors: Petrova Dafina , Redondo-Sánchez Daniel , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Guevara Marcela , Carulla Marià , López de Munain Arantza , Vizcaíno Ana , del Barco Sonia , González-Flores Encarnación , Pollán Marina , Sánchez María-José 
Published: December 2024

Introduction and aimsWomen residing in lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas have lower breast cancer survival but it is not clear how differences in the quality of care received contribute to these disparities. We compared adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and subsequent breast cancer survival between women residing in lower versus higher SES areas.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre population-based study of all new cases of invasive breast cancer in women diagnosed 2010–2014 in six Spanish provinces with population-based cancer registries (n=3206). Clinical data were extracted in the framework of the European Cancer High Resolution studies and vital status follow-up covered a minimum of 5 years. SES of the patient’s residence was measured with the 2011 Spanish Deprivation Index. Adherence to CPG was measured with 16 indicators based on European and Spanish guidelines. Relative survival was modelled using flexible parametric models.ResultsThere were no differences in the type of treatment received but women living in the lowest SES areas were less likely to undergo a sentinel lymph node biopsy, reconstruction after mastectomy, surgery within 30 days after pathological diagnosis and adjuvant treatment within 6 weeks after surgery. After accounting for demographic and clinical factors, women residing in lower SES areas had higher risk of death, HR=1.57 (95% CI 1.04, 2.36). Further accounting for adherence to CPG in the model, in particular having undergone a sentinel lymph node biopsy, eliminated the significant effect of SES.ConclusionsDespite the overall coverage of the Spanish health system, women living in more deprived areas were less likely to receive care in line with CPG and had shorter survival.
Clonazepam repurposing inARID1Bpatients through conventional RCT and N-of-1 trials: an experimental strategy for orphan disease development
Authors: van der Sluijs Pleuntje J , Safai Pour Koshar , Berends Cécile L , Kruizinga Matthijs D , Müller Annelieke R , van Eeghen Agnies M , Rodríguez-Girondo Mar , Juachon Maria J , Steenbeek Duco , Cohen Adam F , Zuiker Rob G J A , Santen Gijs W E 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundClinical trials for rare disorders have unique challenges due to low prevalence, patient phenotype variability and high expectations. These challenges are highlighted by our study on clonazepam inARID1Bpatients, a common cause of intellectual disability. Previous studies on Arid1b-haploinsufficient mice showed positive effects of clonazepam on various cognitive aspects.MethodsThis study used a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study (RCT), followed by an N-of-1 design. In the crossover study,ARID1Bpatients received clonazepam (max 0.5 mg, two times per day) or a placebo for 22 days with a 3-week washout period. Assessments included safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics on neurocognitive tasks, behaviour and cognitive function. During phase I of the N-of-1 trial the optimal dosage and individual treatment goals were determined. Phase II evaluated the treatment effect. This phase was composed of three periods: an open-label period with placebo (4 weeks), followed by a double-blinded period (6 weeks), followed by an open-label period in which the patient received clonazepam (4 weeks).ResultsIn the clonazepam group (n=16, 15 completing both periods), seven (44%) reported improvement on Clinician Global Impression of Improvement versus two (13%) on placebo. 13 (87%) showed ‘no change’ after placebo (two (13%) on clonazepam), while seven (44%) on clonazepam reported deterioration, often linked to side effects (n=6), suggesting potential benefit from lower dosing. Three N-of-1 trials with RCT responders saw two patients improve on clonazepam during double-blinding, but clinical evaluation deemed the improvements insufficient.ConclusionsOur approach shows the feasibility and strength of combining conventional RCT and N-of-1 studies for therapeutic studies in populations with intellectual disabilities, distinguishing real treatment effects from expectation bias. Our findings suggest that clonazepam has no additional therapeutic value inARID1Bpatients.Trial registration numberEUCTR2019-003558-98,ISRCTN11225608.
Congenital urinary tract anomalies are a variable finding associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Harshe Isha , Donenberg Talia , Jeanjean Marie , Ramirez Castano Jesus , Fann Frankie , Feupe Fotsing Stephanie , Weyandt Jamie D , Hu Xiaolin , Dhir Aditi , Borja Nicholas A 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder classically associated with multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts and skeletal anomalies. However, its significant phenotypic heterogeneity often delays the diagnosis. Here, we undertake the first comprehensive characterisation of NBCCS and congenital urinary tract anomalies.MethodsClinical evaluation followed by genetic testing was performed on a proband with congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic obstruction. Then, a cohort of patients with molecularly confirmed NBCCS evaluated at a single institution was analysed, followed by a comprehensive review of the literature.ResultsThe novel, non-canonical splice-site variant c.349+4 delA inPTCH1was detected in a proband, with RNA analysis confirming exon 2 skipping. Of the additional nine NBCCS cases examined at our institution, a second proband with a nonsense variant inPTCH1was identified with renal agenesis and a bladder diverticulum. A literature review then yielded 11 case reports of patients with congenital urinary tract anomalies, most frequently renal agenesis.DiscussionCongenital urinary tract anomalies are a variable finding in NBCCS. Renal ultrasound may be warranted at the time of initial diagnosis, if not previously performed. Moreover,PTCH1should be included in multigene panels that assess for congenital urinary tract disorders.
Comparison of 1% chloroprocaine hydrochloride versus hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal in patients undergoing anorectal surgery in an ambulatory surgery center: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kim Seung W , Khandaker Rafi , Muse Iyabo O , Pulverenti Timothy , Goman Mikhail , Patel Jashvin , Yedlin Adam , Balikai Chandrappa P , Levine Rebecca , Choice Curtis , Montilla Medrano Elilary 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundPreservative-free chloroprocaine is a promising spinal anesthetic for ambulatory surgeries, offering a short duration of action and minimal side effects, which promote faster recovery and discharge. Thus, this study aimed to compare chloroprocaine hydrochloride to the widely used bupivacaine as a spinal anesthetic in ambulatory anorectal surgeries. We hypothesized that chloroprocaine will lead to quicker recovery and discharge, supporting its use in the ambulatory surgical setting.MethodsIn this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 110 patients were randomized to 1% chloroprocaine or 0.75% bupivacaine treatment groups. Due to the inability to place a spinal anesthetic, five patients were excluded (one in chloroprocaine and four in bupivacaine groups). The co-primary endpoints were recovery time (defined as the time of motor and sensory function return), and time discharge criteria were met. The secondary endpoint was the onset of transient neurological symptoms (TNS).ResultsThe chloroprocaine group had a significantly shorter time to meet discharge criteria (191.4±6.6 min) than the bupivacaine group (230.9±9.4 min; p=<0.001). There were no significant differences between interventions for recovery time. No TNS were recorded within 24 hours after the procedure for both groups.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a significantly reduced time to meeting discharge criteria with chloroprocaine compared with bupivacaine without an increased risk of TNS. Our results support the use of chloroprocaine for spinal anesthesia in ambulatory anorectal surgeries.Trial registration numberNCT03324984.
Physical activity, fatigue, kinesiophobia and quality of life: comparative study of prostate cancer survivors with healthy controls
Authors: Cihan Emine , Karalezli Ilknur , Pirincci Cansu Sahbaz , Cavdar Omer Faruk , Goger Yunus Emre , Aytar Aydan , Karalezli Giray 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) patients between physical activity and kinesiophobia, fatigue and quality of life, and to what extent PCa persists compared to healthy males.MethodsTotal of 118 males participated in the study. These participants were allocated into two groups: PCa group (n:59) and control group (n:59). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to assess physical activity levels, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Questionnaire (FACIT-F) was used for measuring fatigue, kinesiophobia was evaluated with the Kinesiophobia Causes Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Prostate Version questionnaire (FACT-P) was used to assess quality of life.ResultsPCa had significantly lower scores in moderate activity (p=0.005) and total physical activity (p=0.010) compared with the control. Scores for kinesiophobia in both biological (p=0.045) and psychological subparameters (p=0.001), as well as the total kinesiophobia score (p=0.003), were higher in PCa. The FACIT-F (p<0.001) and total FACT-P (p<0.001) score were significantly lower in PCa than the control.ConclusionKinesiophobia in PCa is significantly influenced by both biological and psychological factors. Kinesiophobia negatively affects patients’ functional status and overall quality of life. Their well-being is shaped not only by their physical and emotional conditions but also by the quality of their family relationships. This multifaceted impact highlights the complex interaction between physical activity, functional abilities, emotional health and social dynamics in PCa. In addition to routine treatments for PCa patients, the development and implementation of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme may lead to significant improvements in their quality of life.