bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 An update on oral symptoms, newer variants, second wave and vaccination drive in India — A Review
Authors: Jayakumar Srilekha , Srinivas Vineetha Chakravarthy , Meera John Bindu , Arumugam Karthikeyan , Sridhar Dinesh 
Published: September 2021

A serious threat to world now is the emergence of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Diseases-2019). When compared to its precursor virus, SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome – now called as SARS-CoV-1) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), this virus spreads more rapidly. The emergence of this virus happened in december 2019 in Wuhan. World Health Organisation announced this virus outbreak as a pandemic on March 202020. The current threat to the world is the emergence of second wave of COVID -19 that has shaken many countries in world and its peak in India was in the month of may 2021 which had drastically affected the country. Hence this review gives a comprehensive update on corona virus and its newer oral symptoms and about treatment approaches and vaccines currently available in India.
Extragingival benign growth-Case report at a rare site
Authors: Thomas Merlin , Shettar Leena 
Published: September 2021

To present a case report of extragingival pyogenic granuloma on lower lip which is an uncommon site for pathological entity and also to emphasize the reason for its occurrence. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular neoplasm more often appear as lobulated or smooth red nodular lesion commonly in gingiva. Extragingival occurrence of PG is very rare. The present article reports a rare case of 55-year-old female with PG presenting rapid growing mass on the lower lip. This article highlights the possibility on the reason for its occurrence which is important for the diagnosis in this atypical location. The primary etiology of lower lip lesion is trauma and contributory factors being poor oral hygiene and betel quid chewing. Pyogenic granuloma is one of the common lesions in oral cavity. This article highlights the pyogenic granuloma on lip which is an unusual site. Although it can be diagnosed clinically, atypical presentations lead to inappropriate diagnosis. Therefore, further investigation by biopsy confirms final diagnosis upon which treatment is instituted.
Ultimism: A Philosophy That Wants to Be a Religion
Authors: Biłgorajski Piotr 
Published: September 2021

Ultimism is the view that there is a metaphysically and axiologically ultimate reality in relation to which it is possible to achieve the ultimate good. John Schellenberg believes that ultimism is the backbone of every religion, while the differences between religions arise from different views of what the nature of the ultimate is. Schellenberg tries to show that if there is progress in religion, then it is most reasonable to assume that we are only at the beginning of the inquiry into the ultimate. The aim of the paper is to show that epistemological and methodological objections can be raised against ultimism. It will present an epistemological argument, pointing to the cognitive limitations of imagination, and a methodological argument, questioning the feasibility of Schellenberg’s project.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНІ ОДИНИЦІ У ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ РЕКЛАМНИХ ТЕКСТАХ
Authors: ДЕМ’ЯНЕНКО Наталія Борисівна 
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню використання фразеологічних одиниць у польських та українських рекламних текстах. У поняття фразеологізму включаємо не лише ідіоми, а й прислів’я, приказки, фразеологічні сполучення і крилаті слова. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати польські та українські рекламні тексти, визначити особливості функціонування фразеологічних одиниць у рекламі та показати використання фразеологізмів у буквальному відтворенні та у модифікованому вигляді. Результатом спроби дослідити функціонування фразеологізмів у рекламних текстах, розрізняючи при цьому два типи фразеологічних одиниць: 1) без порушення їх структури і семантики, тобто, у їх буквальному відтворенні та 2) із трансформацією їх складових елементів і загального значення, тобто у модифікованому вигляді, – є такі висновки: у польських рекламних текстах, як і в українських рідше використовуються фразеологічні одиниці без порушення структури і семантики, тобто, у буквальному відтворенні. Частіше і в українських, і в польських рекламних текстах ми маємо справу із модифікованими фразеологічними одиницями. Основним типом модифікації є заміна компонентів фразеологізму. Аналіз фразеологічних одиниць у рекламних текстах показав, що вони – необхідна складова для створення експресивності та образності тексту.
ЕЛЕКТРОННІ НАВЧАЛЬНІ ЗАСОБИ В УКРАЇНОМОВНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ІНОКОМУНІКАНТІВ
Authors: КОЛЯДА-БЕРЕЗОВСЬКА Тетяна Федорівна , РОМАНОВА Ольга Клавдіївна 
Published: September 2021

Мета статті — висвітлити ключові проблеми, пов’язані зі створенням у закладах вищої освіти України електронного освітнього середовища, яке б уможливило суттєве підвищення ефективності й якості навчання студентів з числа іноземних громадян. Предметом розгляду є інноваційні освітні технології, принципи та підходи, які дозволяють впроваджувати формат дистанційної освіти найбільш ефективно. Результати дослідження дають підстави стверджувати, що створення електронних навчальних засобів з української як іноземної – процес, який вимагає не тільки знань з мови й методики викладання, а ще й володіння комп’ютерними технологіями та елементами комп’ютерного дизайну, тобто взаємодії між фахівцями-лінгвістами та ІТ-спеціалістами щодо спільної розробки електронних навчальних посібників; підтверджують, що застосування когнітивно-кліаративного підходу в лінгводидактиці дозволяє підготовити необхідну методичну базу для роботи у сфері «e-learning» і тим самим забезпечити ефективне використання інноваційних освітніх технологій для україномовної підготовки інокомунікантів у режимі дистанційного навчання, враховуючи турбулентність сучасного світу. Висновки:подальше дослідження і розв’язання проблем, пов’язаних з проектуванням електронних дидактичних матеріалів для дистанційного формату навчання є одним з найактуальніших наукових напрямків, оскільки у вітчизняній системі освіти відсутня універсальна технологія розробки необхідних освітніх матеріалів для дистанційного навчання, в тому числі і відповідних стандартів.
CONSELHOS EM “QUARENTENA”? Participação e controle social na política urbana na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Oliveira Liana Silvia de Viveiros , Teixeira Aparecida Netto , Lobão Maria Auxiliadora da Silva , Farias Camila Martins de Abreu 
Published: September 2021

A pandemia da Covid-19 desnudou a face cruel da política urbana no Brasil, revelada na incapacidade histórica de enfrentar os graves problemas estruturais das cidades. Com uma robusta base jurídica e institucional, essa política pública incorporou instâncias de participação e controle social nos três níveisdo governo, atualmente em processo de desmonte na esfera federal. Num contexto de crise política e sanitária, este artigo, com base em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, revisita o histórico de constituição e atuação do Conselho Estadual das Cidades da Bahia e do Conselho Municipal de Salvador e avalia a atenção dada à pandemia. Os resultados evidenciam as contradições e fragilidades na atuação e a ausência de compreensão, nos âmbitos dos conselhos e dos governos, do potencial dessas instâncias e do indispensável acionamento da política urbana no enfrentamento da pandemia.“QUARANTINED” COUNCILS? Participation and social control in urban politics during the Covid-19 pandemicAbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic uncovered a cruel face of urban politics in Brazil, revealed in the historical inability to face the serious structural problems of the cities. Within a sturdy legal and institutional basis, this public policy has incorporated instances of participation and social control at the three government spheres, currently in the process of dismantling at the federal sphere. In a context of political and health crisis, this article revisits the history of the constitution and action of the State Council for the Cities of Bahia and the Municipal Council of Salvador and assesses the support provided to the pandemic, based on documentary and bibliographic research. The results show contradiction and weaknesses in the performance of councils and government scopes, lack of understanding of the potentiality of these instances and the indispensable acting of urban policies when facing the pandemic.Keywords: Covid-19. Pandemic. Councils. Urban Politics. Salvador. Bahia
Data collection for outbreak investigations: defining a minimal data set using a Delphi approach
Authors: Perrocheau Anne , Brindle Hannah , Roberts Chrissy , Murthy Srinivas , Shetty Sharmila , Martin Antonio Isidro Carrion , Marks Michael , Schenkel Karl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Timely but accurate data collection is needed during health emergencies to inform public health responses. Often, an abundance of data is collected but not used. When outbreaks and other health events occur in remote and complex settings, operatives on the ground are often required to cover multiple tasks whilst working with limited resources. Tools that facilitate the collection of essential data during the early investigations of a potential public health event can support effective public health decision-making. We proposed to define the minimum set of quantitative information to collect whilst using electronic device or not. Here we present the process used to select the minimum information required to describe an outbreak of any cause during its initial stages and occurring in remote settings.
Methods
A working group of epidemiologists took part in two rounds of a Delphi process to categorise the variables to be included in an initial outbreak investigation form. This took place between January-June 2019 using an online survey.
Results
At a threshold of seventy-five percent, consensus was reached for nineteen (23.2%) variables which were all classified as ‘essential’. This increased to twenty-six (31.7%) variables when the threshold was reduced to 60% with all but one variable classified as ‘essential’. Twenty-five of these variables were included in the ‘Time zero initial case investigation’ ‘(T0)’ form which was shared with the members of the Rapid Response Team Knowledge Network for field testing and feedback. The form has been readily available online by WHO since September 2019.
Conclusion
This is the first known Delphi process used to determine the minimum variables needed for an outbreak investigation. The subsequent development of the T0 form will improve the efficiency and standardisation of data collection during emergencies.
Early Start Hemodialysis With A Catheter is Associated With Greater Mortality: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Laham Gustavo , Pujol Gervasio Soler , Guzman Jenny , Boccia Natalia , Abib Anabel , Diaz Carlos H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Deciding when and how to initiate hemodialysis (HD) is still controversial. An early start (ES) seems to show a lack of benefit. “Lead time bias" and comorbidities have been associated with different outcomes in ES groups. On the other hand, it is well accepted the impact that the type of vascular access (VA) has on patient survival. Our aim was to evaluate survival with early start (ES) vs. late start (LS) on HD, taking into account the vascular access (VA) used.Methods: Between 01/95 and 06/18, 503 incidental patients initiated HD at our Dialysis Unit. eGFR was estimated by the CKD-EPI equation. Diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary disease (CD), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were considered co-morbid conditions. According to eGFR and VA, patients were divided into four groups: G1: ES (eGFR > 7 ml/min) with catheter (ES+C), G2: ES with fistula or graft (F/G) (ES+F/G), G3: LS (eGFR< 7 ml/min) with catheter (LS+C), and G4: LS with F/G (LS+F/G). The cut-off value to define ES or LS was based on median eGFR for these 503 patients. We compared patient’s survival rates by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. The four groups were compared before and after matching with propensity scores (PS). Cox analysis was performed to determine the impact of predictors of mortality. Results: Median eGFR was 7 (5.3-9.5) ml/min/1.73m2, median follow-up time was 30.9 (13-50) months, 52.1% had F/G access at entry, and 46.9 % died during the observation period. Among the four groups, the ES+C were significantly older, there were more diabetics and co-morbid conditions, while phosphatemia, iPTH, albumin, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in the LS groups. Before propensity score (PS) matching, the ES+C group had a poor survival rate (P<0.0001), while LS+F/G access had the best survival. After PS, a total of 180 patients were selected in the same four groups and ES+C kept showing a statistically significant poorer survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that ES+C was an independent predictor of mortality.Conclusion: In this retrospective study, ES+C on HD was associated with a higher mortality rate than LS. This association persisted after PS matching.
Preventive practices towards Sexually Transmitted Infection and its determinants among young people in Ethiopia: a protocol for a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Alemayehu Mussie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, about 178.5 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections occur among young people aged 15–24 years. There are fragmented and inconsistent findings on preventive practices of sexually transmitted infection and there is no national representative data on preventive practices of sexually transmitted infection in Ethiopia. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of good preventive practices of sexually transmitted infection and identify its determinants among young people in Ethiopia.
Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline was employed to develop the review protocol. Databases such as PubMed, CINAH, Google, and Google Scholar were used to search published and unpublished studies from May 15 − 12 August/2021. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument will be used to assess the quality of the studies. Statistical heterogeneity will be checked using I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be done based on regions to identify the sources of heterogeneity at a p-value < 0.05. The statistical analysis will be done using STATA version-14 software. A random-effects model will be employed to estimate the pooled prevalence and identify determinants of preventive practices of sexually transmitted infections.
Discussion
Young people have a high unmet need for sexual and reproductive health services and poor preventive practices toward sexually transmitted infection. Despite different interventions implemented to enhance the preventive practice of sexually transmitted infection among young people, the problem is still a challenge in low-income countries, including Ethiopia
Scoliosis in Children: Impact of Goal Directed Therapies on Intra-operative and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Kumba Claudine , Miladi Lotfi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Scoliosis is among interventions with high postoperative complication rates due to the characteristics of the surgery where blood loss, transfusion and fluid requirements can be increased. A monocentric retrospective observational study was undertaken earlier to determine predictors of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in surgical patients. In this initial cohort there were patients who underwent scoliosis surgery and a secondary analysis to describe outcomes in these patients was realized and presented here.Objective: To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients under 18 years old in scoliosis surgery included in the initial study and to propose improvement implementation measures.Methods: Secondary analysis of patients in scoliosis surgery. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.Results: There were 116 patients with a mean age of 147.5 ± 40.2 months. Twenty-eight patients (24.1%) presented intraoperative and or postoperative complications. The most common intraoperative complication was hemorrhagic shock in 3 patients (2.6%). The most common postoperative organ failure was neurologic in seven patients (6%), respiratory in 3 patients (2.6%), cardio-circulatory in 2 patients (1.7%) and renal failure in one patient (0.9%).The most common postoperative infection was surgical wound sepsis in 8 patients (6.9%), urinary sepsis in three patients (2.6%), abdominal sepsis and septicemia in two patients (1.7%) respectively.Twelve patients (10.3%) had reoperations. Fifty-six patients (48.3%) had intraoperative transfusion.There was no in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: Integrating goal directed therapies in this surgical setting could improve postoperative outcomes
Localization and Surface Characterization by Zhurong Mars Rover at Utopia Planitia
Authors: Ding Liang , Zhou Ruyi , Yu Tianyi , Gao Haibo , Yang Huaiguang , Li Jian , Yuan Ye , Liu Chuankai , Wang Jia , Zhao Yuyan , Wang Zhengyin , Wang Xiyu , Bao Gang , Deng Zongquan , Huang Lan , Li Nan , Cui Xiaofeng , He Ximing , Jia Yang , Yuan Baofeng , Liu Guangjun , Zhang Hui , Zhao Rui , Zhang Zuoyu , Cheng Ziqing , Wu Fan , Xu Qian , Lu Hao , Richter Lutz , Liu Zhen , Niu Fuliang , Qi Huanan , Li Shu , Feng Wenhao , Yang Chaojie , Chen Baichao , Dang Zhaolong , Zhang Mingming , Li Lichun , Wang Xiaoxue , Huang Zhao , Zhang Jitao , Xing Hongjun , Wang Guanyu , Niu Lizhou , Xu Peng , Wan Wenhui , Di Kaichang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
China’s first Mars rover, Zhurong, has successfully touched down on the southern Utopia Planitia of Mars at 109.925° E, 25.066° N, and since performed cooperative multiscale investigations with the Tianwen-1 orbiter. Here we present primary localization and surface characterization results based on complementary data of the first 60 sols. The Zhurong rover has traversed 450.9 m southwards over a flat surface with mild wheel slippage (less than 0.2 in slip ratio). The encountered crescent-shaped sand dune indicates a NE-SW local wind direction, consistent with larger-range remote-sensing observations. Soil parameter analysis based on terramechanics indicates that the topsoil has high bearing strength and cohesion, and its equivalent stiffness and internal friction angle are ~1390-5872 kPa∙m-n and ~21°-34° respectively. Rocks observed strewn with dense pits, or showing layered and flaky structures, are presumed to be involved in physical weathering like severe wind erosion and potential chemical weathering processes. These preliminary observations suggest great potential of in-situ investigations by the scientific payload suite of the Zhurong rover in obtaining new clues of the region’s aeolian and aqueous history. Cooperative investigations using the related payloads on both the rover and the obiter could peek into the habitability evolution of the northern lowlands on Mars.
Exceptional Phonon Point Versus Free Phonon Coupling in Zn1-xBexTe Under Pressure: An Experimental and ab Initio Raman Study
Authors: Shoker M. B. , Alhaddad T. , Pagès O. , Torres V. J. B. , Postnikov A. V. , Polian A. , Hussein R. Hajj , Pradhan G. K. , Narayana C. , Gardiennet C. , Kervern G. , Nataf L. , Ravy S. , Itié J.-P. , Strzałkowski K. , Marasek A. , Firszt F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Raman scattering and ab initio Raman/phonon calculations, supported by X-ray diffraction, are combined to study the vibrational properties of Zn1-xBexTe under pressure. The dependence of the Be-Te (distinct) and Zn-Te (compact) Raman doublets that distinguish between Be- and Zn-like environments is examined within the percolation model with special attention to x~(0,1). The Be-like environment hardens faster than the Zn-like one under pressure, resulting in the two sub-modes per doublet getting closer and mechanically coupled. When a bond is so dominant that it forms a matrix-like continuum, its two submodes freely couple on crossing at the resonance, with an effective transfer of oscillator strength. Post resonance the two submodes stabilize into an inverted doublet shifted in block under pressure. When a bond achieves lower content and merely self-connects via (finite/infinite) treelike chains, the coupling is undermined by overdamping of the in-chain stretching until a phonon exceptional point is reached at the resonance. Only the out-of-chain vibrations "survive" the resonance, the in-chain ones are "killed". This picture is not bond-related, and hence presumably generic to mixed crystals of the closing-type under pressure (dominant over the opening-type), indicating a key role of the mesostructure in the pressure dependence of phonons in mixed crystals.
A Facile Scalable Conductive Graphene-Coated Calotropis Gigantea Yarn
Authors: Zhang Junze , Liu Jing , Zhao Zeyu , Huang Di , Chen Chao , Zheng Zhaozhu , Fu Chenxi , Wang Xiaoqin , Ma Yanxue , Li Yuling , Liu Zekun , Li Yi , Li Gang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Graphene-functionalized fibers have attracted substantial attention due to their potential applications in flexible wearable electronic devices. However, these conventional conductive materials are facing difficulties in mass production. In this paper, we report a graphene-coated Calotropis gigantea yarn by pad dyeing with graphene oxide and reduction process, which endows it with high conductivity, outstanding conducting stability, and scale production capacity. By optimizing the dyeing parameters, the modified Calotropis gigantea yarns display high electrical conductivity of 6.9 S/m. Range analysis results indicate that electrical conductivity of the graphene-coated yarns exhibits strong dependence on the concentration of graphene oxide and pad dyeing cycles. The combination between hydrogen bond of the fiber and the oxygen bond of graphene during dyeing process renders the functionalized yarns stable conductivity to washing and bending. Based on the simple fabrication process, and fascinating performance, the graphene-coated yarns show great potential in facile scale production.
Clinical Sign and Biomarker-based Algorithm to Identify Bacterial Pneumonia Among Outpatients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Tanzania
Authors: Hogendoorn Sarika K.L. , Lhopitallier Loïc , Richard-Greenblatt Melissa , Tenisch Estelle , Mbarack Zainab , Samaka Josephine , Mlaganile Tarsis , Mamin Aline , Genton Blaise , Kaiser Laurent , D'Acremont Valérie , Kain Kevin C. , Boillat-Blanco Noémie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background.Inappropriate antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is a major contributor to resistance. We aimed to design an algorithm based on clinical signs and host biomarkers to identify bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients with LRTI.Methods. Participants with LRTI were selected in a prospective cohort of febrile (≥38°C) adults presenting to outpatient clinics in Dar es Salaam. Participants underwent chest X-ray, multiplex PCR for respiratory pathogens, and measurements of 13 biomarkers. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of clinical signs and biomarkers using logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis.Results. Of 110 patients with LRTI, 17 had bacterial CAP. Procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) showed excellent predictive accuracy to identify bacterial CAP (AUROC 0.88, 95%CI 0.78-0.98; 0.84, 0.72-0.99; 0.83, 0.74-0.92, respectively). Combining respiratory rate with PCT or IL-6 significantly improved the model compared to respiratory rate alone (p=0.006, p=0.033, respectively). An algorithm with respiratory rate (≥32/minute) and PCT (≥0.25 μg/L) had 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity.Conclusions. PCT, IL-6 and sTREM-1 had excellent predictive accuracy in differentiating bacterial CAP from other LRTIs. An algorithm combining respiratory rate and PCT displayed even better performance in this sub-Sahara African setting.