bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARIES PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF PROFLUORID ON FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS
Authors: Tserakhava T.N. , Melnikava E.I. , Tserakhava T.V. 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of Profluorid varnish in preventing caries in permanent teeth in primary school children. Methods: Nine-year-old children attending two schools in one district of Minsk, Belarus were randomized to the intervention group (fluoride varnish application after supervised tooth brushing) and the control group (supervised tooth brushing 2 times a year). Children in the intervention group (n=37) had Profluorid varnish (5% NaF) applications. Children from the control group (n=38) had the same series of contacts. Regional ethical approval, the Head teacher and parental agreement were obtained. The dental examination was performed using a dental chair at school. Interventions were undertaken by one dentist at six-monthly intervals during one year. DMFS index was recording by another dentist who was blind to the study groups. The dental caries increment was calculated by comparing baseline and follow-up data. Data was statistically analysed using the chi-square test, p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of children was 9.0±0.3 years. Each child had on average 12.2±0.1 permanent teeth. The mean DMFS was 1.07 in the intervention group and 1.26 in the control group (p>0.05). Carious lesions were diagnosed exclusively on the first permanent molars. The number of permanent teeth increased to 16.1 in the intervention group and to 17.6 in the control group after 1 year. The mean DMFS index was 1.41 in the intervention group and 1.87 in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 4.9; p<0.05). The DMFS increment was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group by an average of 0.27 surfaces per child, a prevented fraction of 44.4%. Conclusions: The study results confirm the caries preventive effectiveness of Profluorid varnish on first permanent molars.
ORAL HABITS, DENTAL ABNORMALITIES AND SPEECH DISORDERS IN THE PRIMARY DENTITION
Authors: RÁcz N. , HadhÁzi Z.S. , PongrÁCZ I. , MÁth J. , Alberth M. 
Published: February 2025

Previous studies have shown a strong correlation between orthodontic and speech disorders. Childhood oral habits may significantly influence the development and maintenance of these anomalies. As no Hungarian data has yet been published on the subject, our aim was to analyse the relationship between malocclusion, oral habits and associated speech disorders in the primary dentition. Methods: The study group consisted of 271 children aged 4-7 who were recruited in connection with their annual kindergarten dental examination in the city of Debrecen. Parents were informed about the purpose and progress of the research. The study protocol was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Clinical Research of the University of Debrecen. The clinical examination consisted of dental and orthodontic screening according to WHO and the Angle orthodontic diagnostic system. Local orthodontic anomalies were also recorded. A speech therapist recorded articulation disturbances and oral parafunctional habits. Data presentation and statistical analysis were performed with SPSS statistical package. Chi-square test was used to analyse the qualitative data, correlations were evaluated by Pearson Correlation and Cluster Combine analysis. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: An orthodontic anomaly was found in 11.8% (n = 32) of the children. The speech therapist found articulation disorders in more than one third of the cases (36.2%, n = 98) and 119 children (43.9%) were found to have existing parafunctions. Parafunction associated articulation disorders were significantly more common (p = 0.005) than articulation problems alone. Conclusion: The frequent occurrence of parafunction and orthodontic disorders associated with speech disorders emphasize the importance of regular and complex (dental, orthodontic and speech) screening. Early diagnosis may help with effective treatment.
ORAL HEALTH DELIVERY IN URBAN AND RURAL PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS, BANGALORE, INDIA
Authors: Iyer K. , Shivlingaswamy H. , Pathak M. 
Published: February 2025

The study had multiple aims; 1) To assess infrastructure availability at primary health care centers for the management of patients with dental and maxillofacial complaints. 2) To assess reasons for the first point of contact for patients at primary health care centers with dental and maxillofacial complaints. 3) To assess the perception of medical officers at primary health care centers on oral and maxillofacial related treatment seeking behavior of patients visiting the center. Method: The structured questionnaire was subject to content validation (C.H.Lawshe-1975) and then the questionnaire was adopted, the details of primary health centers in Bangalore Urban District as well as Bangalore Rural District were collected from the District Health Officer and all the centers were visited by the investigators, The Informed Consent and response for self administered questionnaire was obtained from the medical officers. The Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Institutional Review Board of The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore before commencing the study. Results: Data was collected from all the seventy six (65 responded) primary health centers in Bangalore urban district and forty eight centers (30 responded) in the Bangalore rural district, about 65(61.7%) of the centers (urban and rural together) do not have a separate dental unit, 85(89.2%) of the medical/ dental officers responded that patients repeatedly seek symptomatic relief for dental and maxillofacial complaints, 73.8% of the centers do not maintain separate dental outpatient registers. Conclusion: There is a need for integrating delivery of oral health care through primary health centers as 78.4% of primary health centers lacked sufficient infrastructure (separate dental unit, dental staff, outpatient registers) to cater the oral health needs of these patients, which are currently providing only symptomatic relief.
USER PERSPECTIVES ON THE PUBLIC DENTAL SERVICES IN BRAZIL
Authors: Bulgarelli A.F. , Baumgarten A. , Hilgert J. B. , Bulgarelli P. T. , Veiga R. S. 
Published: February 2025

Brazil has a National Public Health System (SUS) which offers dental care to citizens. To assess dental care in SUS, the aim of the present study was to record service users perceptions. Methods: A 2013 cross-sectional study based on data from 37,262 users (aged 18 years or more) of oral health services at primary care centers across Brazil. Public Health Centers participated in the survey under free will. At the participating centers, interviewers followed a random sample (refusal rate 20%) based in the waiting room. Each interviewer aimed to reach at least 4 users interviewed during the 5-hours-shift in the waiting room. The subject were interviewed by means of a national questionnaire from the National Primary Care Assessment Tool (PMAQ). Variables used in this descriptive study were qualified listening, resolution of problems, advice on oral health care, seen by the same dentist. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals of. The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul ethics committee approved the study. Results: 26,514 (71.1%) were female. Only 16346(56%) reported that the public dental service gave advice that solved their problems. Only 21706(58.2%) said that they were listened too when attended by the dentist. More positively, 27340(73.4%) reported they saw the same dentist over time. 7164(19.2%) reported that when they discontinued treatment the service contacted them to finish treatment. Conclusions: The users perspective of the Brazilian Public health system reveals one far from a European primary health care system. Many improvements could be done in the Brazil public dental service. Seeing the same dentist over time and a good quality in the general assistance showed that efforts have being done to give SUS-users a good quality of oral health treatment in Primary Care.
EFFECTS OF CHLORHEXIDINE-FLUORIDE VARNISHES IN OCCLUSAL FISSURES OF PERMANENT MOLARS
Authors: LiptÃ K. L. , BÁrsony N. , Twetman S. , MadlÉna M. 
Published: February 2025

randomly assigned to treatments with either chlorhexidine-fluoride varnish (CHXF, Cervitec F) or chlorhexidine-thymol varnish (CHX-T, Cervitec Plus) as active control. Three children had dropped out so the final results were based on 54 patients with 73 paired first and 8 paired second molars. The varnishes were topically applied at baseline and every 6th week throughout the 24-week study period. Endpoints were MS counts (CRT test) and occlusal LF readings (DIAGNOdent pen) were registered regularly during follow-up by a separate examiner. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (version 23.0). Follow-up values were compared with baseline registrations with chi-square or the non- parametric Wilcoxon paired test. For comparison between the two treatment groups, chi-square or a t-test corrected for multiple comparisons was made. The level of significance was set to 5% (p<0.05). Results: At baseline, >50% (54%) of the occlusal fissures harboured high MS counts (≥105 CFU) but an immediate significant decrease was found after treatment with both varnishes (p<0.05). After 24 weeks, less than 5% (CHX-F: 2%, CHX-T: 4%) exhibited high counts. There was no significant differences between the varnishes at any time point. The mean LF values were similar in both treatment groups at baseline [6.9 ±3.2 (mean ±S.D.)] but a significant reduction was scored in the CHX-F group after 12 and 24 weeks (5.3±2.3 and 3.8 ±2.1, respectively) (p<0.05). A similar reduction was found also in the CHX-T group after 24 weeks (4.6±2.5). No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the CHX-F and CHX-T varnishes in terms of MS suppression. Both varnishes reduced the LF readings significantly compared with baseline but further long-term studies are needed to confirm their caries preventive effect. The study was partly supported by a grant from Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein who also supplied the dental varnishes, chair-side tests and clinical disposals.
FACTORS, KNOWLEDGE, USE AND PURCHASE OF SUPPLEMENTARY ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS IN TURKEY
Authors: Bermek G. , Bohur S. , Peker K. 
Published: February 2025

Aim: Turkish oral care behaviors show less than one toothbrush and less than 110g toothpaste used per person per year (Dental Association 2014). Consumer reports show that 69% brush their teeth, 16% use floss and 9% use mouthrinse during selfcare. This study planned to test if sociodemographic factors were linked to oral health knowledge, hygiene practises and purchasing supplementary oral hygiene products. Methods: A questionnaire on sociodemography, oral health perception, use of dental products for oral care, and dental knowledge was used through face-to-face interviews in three supermarkets in the Istanbul/Fatih Region with permission from the Faculty of Dentistry after the study was approved as a dissertation thesis. Sample size calculation estimated (n=t2pq/d2) that 384 responses were needed. Data were analysed by SPSS 18, using chi-square, Mann- Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: 395 people 18-65 years of age completed the questionnaire. All participants knew about and 235 used at least one supplementary item (59%). The four most often reported were dental floss, tonque cleaner on a toothbrush, toothpick and mouth rinse without gender differences. Education affected knowledge. Participant’s knowledge on using supplementary products was associated with education and self rated oral health (p<0.05), while knowledge on the importance of using other dental products for removing plaque was related to gender, age, education, monthly income and self rated oral health (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the frequency of tooth brushing by gender, age, education, monthly income and self rated oral health. The use of floss was related to gender, age and education. The use of both fluoridated mouthwash and interdental brushing was associated with education. Increased brushing frequency and level of perceived oral health affected usage p<0.05. Brushing frequency was not associated with the reason for use of supplementary products which were; mouth cleanliness, periodontal health, brushing inadequacy when used alone . Advice from a dentist was the main factor to drive purchases in both genders and in all age groups. Education didn’t affect purchasing motive. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to improve low oral health literacy and to promote self care behaviour in Turkey. Dentists may play an important role in enabling their patients to increase control over their oral health and promoting use of supplementery oral hygiene products additional to toothbrush and paste.
DENTAL STATUS OF SMOKERS BASED ON THE BACKGROUND PATHOLOGY OF INTERNAL ORGANS
Authors: Lukina G. , Ivannikova A. , Gasanova L. , Lukin A. 
Published: February 2025

Methods: Over a three year period, the study recruited 82 patients of dental clinics in Moscow, who had gastrointestinal and/or respiratory diseases. They were both men and women aged 41 to 70 years average age of 60.1+ 0.9years. Patients were divided into groups: gastrointestinal disorders (Group 1 - 20 smokers, Group 2 - 22 non-smokers) and with respiratory diseases (Group 3 - 20 smokers, Group 4 - 20 non- smokers). The study was conducted with the permission of the Inter- University Ethical Committee of Moscow. The following oral assessments were made: OHI-S, DMFT, gingival bleeding: sialometry to assess the buffering capacity of saliva, microbiology assay of scrapings from the tongue. Results: As far as xerostomia was concerned in Group 1 this was found in 11 (55%), in Group 2 in 10 (45.5%), in Group 3 in 17 (89.5%) and in Group 4 in 15 (71.4%) of patients. Gingival bleeding was found as follows: in Group 1 in 18 (90%), in Group 2 in 16 (72.7%), in Group 3 in 19 (95%) and in Group 4 in 16 (80%). The mean (DMFT) was 22.7±0.8 in Group 1, 25.0±0.9 in Group 2, 21.0±0.5 in Group 3 and 20.4±0.5 in Group 4. The results for several other clinical findings, including salivation rates and microbiological assays are reported in the poster. Conclusion: In the groups studied smokers appeared to have higher levels of oral disease. Further investigation with larger groups and statistical testing is required to confirm these findings. Smoking is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It causes or is a contributory factor for many diseases including gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Aim: This study aimed to compare the oral health status of smokers with gastrointestinal or respiratory disease with non-smokers who also had these diseases.
PRISONERS CARIES, PERIODONTAL STATUS AND ORAL HEALTH-RELATED HABITS
Authors: VainionpÄÄ R. , Laitala M.L. , Anttonen V. 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to examine oral health and oral health related habits among the prisoners in Pelso, Finland. Methods: Data collection was done September 2014 - February 2015. The study population comprised 100 prisoners: 89 males, 11 female, who had a clinical examination. Of the clinically examined prisoners, 50 were also interviewed( the mean age of respondents was 35 years) recording age, marital status, education and oral health- related habits such as brushing teeth, snacks and use of drugs and alcohol. Associations between the outcome and explanatory variables were analysed using cross tabulation; significance of differences between groups was tested using chi square test. The Ethical Committee of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District and Criminal Sanctions Agency approved the study. Results: The mean DT was 5.0 (SD 5.1). In DMFT [16.6 (SD 8.9)] FT comprised 6.9 (SD 5.2) and MT 4.7 (SD 6.1). Half of the whole study population (52. 5%) had a CPI score of 2. Almost all n=47 (98%) reported brushing their teeth daily; of them less than half two times a day (40%). Two thirds (n=30, 60%) reported eating sweets every day, one third (n=17, 33%) drinking soft drinks and a majority (n=44, 88%) smoking, but only one in five (n=10, 20%) using snus. Almost two thirds (n=31, 62%) had used illicit drugs over the course of their life. Almost all (n=44, 88%) drank alcohol once a week or more often. No statistically significant differences were discovered between dental treatment need and explanatory factors. Conclusions: Oral health- related habits among this group of prisoners can be considered harmful for the dentition. This group is homogenous for poor oral health and harmful dental behaviours.
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE: AWARENESS AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS IN HUNGARY
Authors: KÁrolyhÁzy K. , Fazekas J. , MÁrton K. 
Published: February 2025

The Ebola (EVD) epidemic has claimed thousands of lives in Africa. Dentists may contact infected patients for the first time. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of EVD among dental students at the Semmelweis University, Budapest and in Hungary. Method: A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 257 dental students (fourth and fifth year of the Dental Faculty of Budapest, and about half of the fourth and fifth year dental student population of Hungary) in May 2015 across five different courses: fifth-year Hungarian students (n=78), fifth-year English language students (n=27), fifth- year German language students (n=13) and fourth-year Hungarian students (n=85). Fourth-year English language course students (n=26) and fourth-year German language course students (n=28) formed one fourth year foreign language group (n=54). All the students were asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire of 11 questions about the signs and symptoms, investigations, management, and sequelae of the virus and the outbreak. Results: 257 dental students completed the questionnaire; 118 by fifth-year- and the remaining 139 by fourth-year dental students. All of the submitted questionnaires were included in the analysis. Students of the fourth year Hungarian course achieved the highest overall score of 17.9 for all the questions, followed by the fifth year German course with an overall score of 14.8, which was significantly less compared with the fourth year Hungarian group (p<0.0001, Student’s t-test). The fifth year Hungarian course with a score of 13.7 was not statistically different from the fifth year Germans while the fourth year foreign language score of 11 was significantly lower compared to all the groups. Fifth year English course participants achieved the lowest overall score, gaining 10.2 of the attainable marks. Students scored less than 60% for 8 of the 11 questions, including recognition and subsequent management of EVD. Conclusions: Our study showed that there is a general shortage of knowledge about important aspects of EVD among dental students, especially amongst English speaking fifth year students. These results suggest that dental schools need to act to better prepare students.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACCESS, KNOWLEDGE AND USAGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS OF AZAD UNIVERSITY OF ISFAHAN, IRAN
Authors: Tayareei R. , Shekarchizadeh H. , Isfahanian V. 
Published: February 2025

Dental informatics combines dentistry with information technology (IT) for the purpose of education, patient care and research. The aim was to determine access, knowledge and performance of IT among dental undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a stratified random sampling method to collect the data from 150 dental students via self-administered questionnaires in 2015. Validity (CVI=98%) and reliability (Kappa value>0.8) of the questionnaire was assessed prior to the study. Islamic Azad University of Isfahan Ethics Committee approved the study. Chi- square test, mann-whitney, spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression model served for statistical analyses. Results: Among the students (response rate=100%), 86 (58.9%) were women. Only 2 (1.3%) students indicated that they had no access to a computer, and 6 (4%) students did not have a personal email. A majority of students reported using a computer at home (140; 94%) and had access to the internet at home (129; 86%). Around 70% of the students reported their access to a computer and internet as good. Dental students had used the internet mostly for personal activities rather than academic reasons. The main obstacle to internet usage was time barrier due to the slow internet speed. Mean knowledge score of dental students was 11(SD 1.7; range 7-14). However, most of them were not familiar with any general (114; 78.6%) and professional dental websites (106; 72.6%). Most dental students (130; 87.8%) had used social networks but just a few (15; 10.3%) had checked their emails on a daily basis. A large number of students judged themselves competent in Microsoft Word (130; 86.6%) and Microsoft PowerPoint (126; 84%) and most acquired such skills through personal experience (119; 79.3% students). Professional use of IT was low. Less than 13% had used professional dental websites or had downloaded educated materials on a daily basis. Students with higher knowledge of IT and those who had reported more general IT usage, showed higher level of professional usage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental students access to computer and internet was good. Most of them however weren’t familiar with general and professional dental websites, and their professional usage was low.
A SURVEY OF REGISTRATION COSTS OF EUROPEAN UNION DENTISTS - INTERIM RESULTS
Authors: Sinclair E.*. , Shah S. , Grolleau Fedcar C. , Eaton K.A. 
Published: February 2025

In 2004/2005 a survey of Competent Authorities (Registration organisations) involved with dentistry in the European Union (EU) was performed. A follow up survey, performed by the Federation of European Dental Competent Authorities and Regulators Bodies (FEDCAR) and the Council of European Chief Dental Officers (CECDO) commenced in 2015. The aim of this survey was to ascertain the current costs of initial registration for a dentist and of annual (retention) fees thereafter, and to compare them with those reported in 2005. Methods: The same questionnaire as used in the previous survey was employed. It included questions on initial and ongoing registration fees for dentists and dental specialists. Gross National Income (GNI) (formerly GNP) per capita data were obtained from the World Bank and the fees were then calculated as a percentage of GNI and compared with those in 2004/2005. We report interim results on registration costs. Results: In 2004/2005, 25 EU Member States (EUMS) responded to the survey. To date 17 EU Member States have responded to the current survey, of which 17 provided data on fees. In 6 (EUMS) no initial registration fee is charged. In those where one is charged, the range was from €3.70 in the Czech Republic to €1142 in the United Kingdom. In the 17 EUMS National GNI ranged from € 67,366 in Luxembourg to €21,109 in Hungary. Initial registration fees as a percentage of GNP ranged from 3% in the UK to 0.02% in the Czech Republic. Annual retention fees were charged in 12 EUMS and ranged from €1142 in the UK to €35 in Malta. Fees for registration as specialists were charged in 8 of the 17 EUMS. Conclusions: The interim results from 17 EUMS and those from the previous survey indicate that there are wide variations in the practice of charging or not charging initial and retention registration fees to general dentists and dental specialists and in the cost of these fees EUMS.