bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appearance comments presented as compliments at work: How are they perceived by targets and observers in and outside of workplace settings?
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Becker Julia C. , Shnabel Nurit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo studies examined perceptions referring to appearance comments presented as compliments. When taking the target's perspective (Study 1, n = 678), women perceived appearance comments, especially if sexualized (vs. non‐sexualized) as less appropriate than men did. Women also believed that, as the targets of sexualized (vs. non‐sexualized) comments, they were likely to be perceived as less warm (whereas men believed that they were likely to be perceived as more competent). When taking an observer perspective (Study 2, n = 398), participants perceived comments made at the workplace (vs. a non‐work setting) as less appropriate. Women, but not men, also perceived sexualized comments as less appropriate than non‐sexualized comments. Finally, both men and women perceived the target of sexualized (vs. non‐sexualized) comments as less warm and competent. The results point to a gap between women's and men's perceptions of the appropriateness of appearance comments in general, and sexualized comments in particular, in both workplace and non‐work settings. Moreover, women are more aware than men of the “penalty,” in terms of social perceptions, imposed upon the targets of appearance comments. These results, which can inform sensitivity training to prevent sexual harassment, are especially important in workplace settings, where perceptions of warmth and competence affect how individuals are treated and promoted.
In traditionally male‐dominated fields, women are less willing to make sacrifices for their career because discrimination and lower fit with people up the ladder make sacrifices less worthwhile
Authors: Meeussen Loes , Begeny Christopher T. , Peters Kim , Ryan Michelle K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWomen's lower career advancement relative to men is sometimes explained by internal factors such as women's lower willingness to make sacrifices for their career, and sometimes by external barriers such as discrimination. In the current research, positing a dynamic interplay between internal and external factors, we empirically test how external workplace barriers guide individuals' internal decisions to make sacrifices for the advancement of their careers. In two high‐powered studies in traditionally male‐dominated fields (surgery, N = 1,080; veterinary medicine, N = 1,385), women indicated less willingness than men to make sacrifices for their career. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that this difference was explained by women's more frequent experience of gender discrimination and lower perceptible fit with people higher up the professional ladder. These barriers predicted reduced expectations of success in their field (Study 1) and expected success of their sacrifices (Study 2), which in turn predicted lower willingness to make sacrifices. The results explain how external barriers play a role in internal career decision making. Importantly, our findings show that these decision‐making processes are similar for men and women, yet, the circumstances under which these decisions are made are gendered. That is, both men and women weigh the odds in deciding whether to sacrifice for their career, but structural conditions may influence these perceived odds in a way that favors men. Overall, this advances our understanding of gender differences, workplace inequalities, and research on the role of “choice” and/or structural discrimination behind such inequalities.
Deal or no Deal: Theresa May's Withdrawal Agreement and the Politics of (Non‐)Ratification
Authors: Martill Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe defeat of Theresa May's Withdrawal Agreement in the British Parliament is often ascribed to the prime minister's precarious situation in Parliament and her inability to negotiate a deal that satisfied domestic stakeholders. But the contradictions of Brexit were always going to produce a least‐worst agreement and patterns of support for the deal were largely invariant to changes in its contents. Drawing on the literature on ratification, this article sets out an alternative explanation for the demise of the Withdrawal Agreement. It argues that the government's ability to threaten MPs with a ‘no deal’ outcome placed the executive in a strong position following the referendum, and that the primary source of ratification failure was the breakdown of this ability over the course of the negotiations. This account helps us understand why the government was initially unwilling to seek the support of stakeholders outside of the Conservative Party for its Brexit proposals.
Family vulnerability and disruption during the COVID‐19 pandemic: prospective pathways to child maladjustment
Authors: Fosco Gregory M. , Sloan Carlie J. , Fang Shichen , Feinberg Mark E. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThis study evaluated two risk pathways that may account for increases in child internalizing and externalizing problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic: one pathway operating through pre‐existing family vulnerability and a second pathway operating through disruption in family functioning occurring in response to the pandemic. We assessed family disruption and family functioning with measures of key family‐level and parenting dimensions, including family cohesion, conflict and routines, and parents’ harsh discipline, lax discipline and warmth. In all models, pre‐pandemic parent emotional distress, financial strain and child maladjustment were included as covariates.MethodsThe sample included 204 families, comprised of parents who had children (MAge = 4.17; 45.1% girls). Parents (MAge = 27.43) completed the first survey prior to COVID‐19 onset in the United States, a second survey after COVID‐19 onset in May 2020 and a third survey two weeks later.ResultsAnalyses were conducted in a model‐building fashion, first computing structural equation models for each family and parenting dimension separately, then advancing significant dimensions into one integrated model for the family‐level factors and a second model for parenting quality factors. Results provided more support for the family disruption hypothesis across all tests. In the family‐level domain, decreases in family cohesion and increases in family conflict each uniquely predicted subsequent child maladjustment. In the parenting domain, increases in harsh discipline and lax discipline each uniquely predicted subsequent child maladjustment. Family routines and parental warmth were not associated with child adjustment. However, parents’ emotional distress prior to the pandemic exhibited a robust association with children’s internalizing problems.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that efforts to support families in adapting to unique conditions of the pandemic will yield the greatest effect for child adjustment. Specifically, interventions should include efforts to help families maintain cohesion and manage conflict, and help parents minimize increases in harsh and lax discipline.
Analysis of color and fluorescence of different dentin ceramics and natural human dentin's to enhance shade matching
Authors: Atri Faezeh , Safi Mahdi , Salehzadeh Soraya , Izadi Jalil , Esmaeili Fallah Pejman , McLaren Edward A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the color and fluorescence of five dentin ceramic systems with human dentin to enhance shade matching.Materials and methodsFive dentin ceramic systems, including Vita, GC, Creation, Noritake, and Ivoclar in 16 shades, and 12 human dentins, were prepared. The fluorescence and color coordinates were measured at 380–780 nm. A light source including a visible and a ultraviolet (UV) complemented with a geometry 45° illumination and 0° observer was used. The mean minimum difference in color coordinates and fluorescence efficiency was statistically analyzed before and after UV excitation by one‐way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Post‐hoc multiple comparisons were performed using the LSD test (p < 0.05).ResultsWhile the fluorescence efficiency of Noritake and Ivoclar ceramics displayed no significant difference with natural dentin, Vita, GC, and Creation ceramics presented a lower fluorescence compared to the natural dentin (p < 0.05). Noritake and Ivoclar had a better color match with human dentin than the other ceramics. Studying the color differences under UV showed that just Creation offers statistically worse performance than the other ceramic.ConclusionsThe color and fluorescence of the used different brands of dentin ceramic are not the same as the human dentin. However, Noritake and Ivoclar presented the most similarity.Clinical SignificanceKnowledge of ceramic and natural teeth fluorescence is essential for acceptable reproduction of optical properties in esthetic restorations.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging detects the time‐dependent progress of pathological changes in the oral rotenone mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Khairnar Amit , Ruda‐Kucerova Jana , Arab Anas , Hadjistyllis Constantinos , Sejnoha Minsterova Alzbeta , Shang Qi , Chovsepian Alexandra , Drazanova Eva , Szabó Nikoletta , Starcuk Zenon , Rektorova Irena , Pan‐Montojo Francisco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs typically when a substantial proportion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) already died, and the first motor symptoms appear. Therefore, tools enabling the early diagnosis of PD are essential to identify early‐stage PD patients in which neuroprotective treatments could have a significant impact. Here, we test the utility and sensitivity of the diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in detecting progressive microstructural changes in several brain regions of mice exposed to chronic intragastric administration of rotenone, a mouse model that mimics the spatiotemporal progression of PD‐like pathology from the ENS to the SN as described by Braak's staging. Our results show that DKI, especially kurtosis, can detect the progression of pathology‐associated changes throughout the CNS. Increases in mean kurtosis were first observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) after 2 months of exposure to rotenone and before the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN occurred. Remarkably, we also show that limited exposure to rotenone for 2 months is enough to trigger the progression of the disease in the absence of the environmental toxin, thus suggesting that once the first pathological changes in one region appear, they can self‐perpetuate and progress within the CNS. Overall, our results show that DKI can be a useful radiological marker for the early detection and monitoring of PD pathology progression in patients with the potential to improve the clinical diagnosis and the development of neuroprotective treatments.
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Knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mong Ivy , Ramoo Vimala , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Chong Mei Chan , Wan Nawawi Wan Nor Fatihah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare‐associated infection (HAI) is one of the major threats to patients’ safety besides being among the principal causes of patient morbidity and mortality. Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is reported to be the most common HAI worldwide. CAUTI can be prevented with appropriate practice and care by healthcare personnel, especially nurses, who play the main role in urinary catheter care. Nurses’ knowledge and attitude are considered to be important factors that influence their practice.ObjectivesTo assess nurses’ level of knowledge, attitude and perceived practice regarding CAUTI and its preventive measures.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was adopted, and a self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Nurses from the medical and surgical inpatient wards of a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia were recruited in two stages using the stratified and simple random sampling methods. A total of 301 nurses participated. Descriptive analysis, an independent t test, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression were employed to analyse the data using SPSS software version 25. In addition, a STROBE checklist was used to report the results of this study.ResultsNurses were found to have good knowledge, a positive attitude and good perceived practice regarding CAUTI prevention. Nurses aged above 30 and who had more than ten years of experience reported higher knowledge levels. Knowledge was found to be positively correlated with attitude and perceived practice; however, attitude explained a higher variance in perceived practice of CAUTI prevention compared with knowledge.ConclusionAttitude was found to have a higher significant influence on perceived practice in this study. Educators need to emphasise the inculcation of a positive attitude among nurses rather than just knowledge for CAUTI prevention. Since this study assessed perceived practice, examining nurses’ actual practice and its impact on patient outcomes is recommended in future studies.
Presidential Address: How Much “Rationality” Is There in Bond‐Market Risk Premiums?
Authors: SINGLETON KENNETH J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBeliefs of professional forecasters are benchmarked against those of a Bayesian econometrician who is learning about the unknown dynamics of the bond risk factors. Consistent with rational Bayesian learning, the forecast errors of individual professionals and are comparably predictable over the business cycle. The secular and cyclical patterns of professionals' forecasts relative to those of are explored in depth. Inconsistent with many models with belief dispersion, the relationship between professionals' yield disagreement and their matched disagreements about macroeconomic fundamentals is very weak.
Intergenerational transfer of occupational risks on family farms
Authors: Norman Patrick A. , Dosman James A. , Voaklander Donald C. , Koehncke Niels , Pickett William ,   for the Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort Study Team
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCultures of safety in farm work settings are under the authority of a responsible owner‐operator, who establishes rules, attitudes, and behaviors for farm work practices. This novel analysis provides new evidence to show that risks that can lead to injury and are commonly practiced on Canadian farms are indeed transferred between generations.MethodsBaseline data were provided by representatives from eligible and consenting farms (n = 589) in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, during the first quarter of 2013. Mailed questionnaires were sent to participating farms and completed by a single respondent. Questionnaires included scaled assessments of hazards and safety practices by farm operators, and young workers on each farm. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships between farm owner‐operator risks and safety practices and those reported for the young workers.FindingsGraphical descriptive analyses showed that as farm owner‐operator risks increased, so did those reported for children and young workers. Similarly, as farm owner‐operator safe work practices increased, young worker hazards decreased, albeit more modestly. The young worker hazard scale increased by 0.20 (95% CI: 0.10‐0.30) points, and decreased by 0.08 (95% CI: –0.016 to –0.000) points for each one‐point increase in the owner‐operator hazard and safe work practices scales, respectively.ConclusionsOccupational health and safety risks and protections experienced on farms appear to be transferred between generations. This suggests the need to target farm owner‐operators, the responsible authority on the farm, as a focus of primary prevention strategies aimed at injury risks to children and young workers.
Associations between sleep disturbances, diabetes and mortality in the UK Biobank cohort: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: von Schantz Malcolm , Ong Jason C. , Knutson Kristen L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐communicable diseases, including diabetes, are partly responsible for the deceleration of improvements of life expectancy in many countries. Diabetes is also associated with sleep disturbances. Our aim was to determine whether sleep disturbances, particularly in people with diabetes, were associated with increased mortality risk. Data from the UK Biobank were analysed (n = 487,728, mean follow‐up time = 8.9 years). The primary exposure was sleep disturbances, assessed through the question: Do you have trouble falling asleep at night or do you wake up in the middle of the night? The primary outcome was mortality. We also dichotomized sleep disturbances into “never/sometimes” versus “usually” (frequently), and combined with the presence/absence of diabetes: 24.2% of participants reported “never/rarely” experiencing sleep disturbances, 47.8% “sometimes” and 28.0% “usually”. In age‐ and sex‐adjusted models, frequent sleep disturbances were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.37), which remained significant in the fully adjusted model (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.18). The presence of both diabetes and frequent sleep disturbances was associated with greater risk of all‐cause mortality than either condition alone. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07–1.15) for frequent sleep disturbances alone, 1.67 (95% CI, 1.57–1.76) for diabetes alone and 1.87 for both (95% CI, 1.75–2.01). Frequent sleep disturbances (experienced by more than one quarter of the sample) were associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality. Mortality risk was highest in those with both diabetes and frequent sleep disturbances. Complaints of difficulty falling or staying asleep merit attention by physicians.
Scaling up nutrition through multisectoral planning: An exploratory review of 26 national nutrition plans
Authors: Coile Amanda , Wun Jolene , Kothari Monica T. , Hemminger Carolyn , Fracassi Patrizia , Di Dio Debora 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith a growing consensus on the need to address malnutrition in a comprehensive and multisectoral way, there has been increased attention on the processes and factors for multisectoral nutrition planning to be successful. To guide countries, the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement developed a checklist that defined characteristics of good national nutrition plans. This exploratory review used the framework of the Checklist to assess 26 national multisectoral nutrition plans (MSNPs) developed between 2014 and 2020. The MSNPs were assessed against a subset of 31 Checklist characteristics defined as basic plan components. Although the level of detail varied across the reviewed plans, the majority included core components that are important to facilitate effective planning and implementation, such as an assessment of the nutritional status and determinants of malnutrition for children under 5 years of age, a commitment to global recommendations related to reducing malnutrition, actions consistent with global evidence and responding to identified issues/gaps, governance arrangements to facilitate coordination, and identification of capacity‐building needs/actions to support effective implementation. Common gaps across plans included risk analysis and mitigation, defined responsible agencies for each action, an assessment of the financial gap and defined mechanisms for financial tracking and resource allocation, and mechanisms to coordinate operational research. These findings provide a high‐level, multi‐country review of multisectoral nutrition planning that can support future policymakers, technical assistance providers and regional and global stakeholders to consider the foundational elements of and further validate and address common shortcomings in developing such a plan.
Efficacy of high‐flow nasal cannula therapy in bedridden patients
Authors: Inoue Kenji , Kumada Tomohiro , Fujii Tatsuya , Ohno Susumu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA growing number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of high‐flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) for treating children with acute respiratory distress. However, it remains unknown whether HFNC is effective in bedridden patients with acute respiratory distress.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of bedridden patients with acute respiratory distress who were treated with HFNC using a home ventilator in continuous positive airway pressure mode at our center between March 2014 and August 2016. We assessed heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation measured using a pulse oximeter, the partial pressure of venous carbon dioxide, or the transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and symptoms of respiratory distress before and after the initiation of HFNC.ResultsDuring the 2‐year‐study period, 25 patients were treated with HFNC. The patients’ mean heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation measured using a pulse oximeter, and pressure of venous carbon dioxide/the transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide values improved significantly (P < 0.05). Symptoms of respiratory distress were considerably ameliorated at 1–3 h after the HFNC initiation, except in two patients. In these two patients, the HFNC was replaced with non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation. Non‐invasive positive pressure was also required at 16 to 168 h after the initiation of HFNC in five of the 28 episodes in which the patient was initially responsive to HFNC, as the patients’ respiratory symptoms gradually deteriorated.ConclusionPerforming HFNC with a home ventilator in continuous positive airway pressure mode is effective at treating bedridden patients with acute respiratory distress. However, it is essential that the HFNC can be switched to non‐invasive positive pressure if needed.
Effects of air exposure and agitation on quality of stored boar semen samples
Authors: Balogun Kayode Babatunde , Stewart Kara Roski 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of semen volume, air contact inside semen dose tubes, daily agitation of semen doses and extender type on semen quality, thermo‐resistance and bacteria growth in extended boar semen doses preserved over 7 days of liquid storage. Ejaculates from 4 proven terminal cross‐bred boars were collected using the gloved‐hand technique for 4 weeks and used in the 3 × 2 × 2 factorial study. The effects of treatment (CON: 80 ml doses sealed at the top of the tube; 40HIGH: 40 ml doses sealed at top of tube, and 40LOW: 40 ml doses sealed at top of the liquid), agitation (agitated versus not agitated) and extender type (long‐term versus short‐term) were investigated on semen quality, thermo‐resistance and bacteria growth in boar semen doses. The results of the study revealed that motility (p = .031) and viability (p = .041) in 40HIGH were lower than CON. pH (p < .001) was higher in 40HIGH compared with CON and 40LOW. Agitation did not impact motility (p = .581), progressive motility (p = .870), viability (p = .509) or morphology (p = .970), while long‐term extender maintained higher motility (p = .002), progressive motility (p = .036), viability (p < .001) and normal acrosome (p < .001) than a short‐term extender. VAP (p = .039) of 40HIGH was lower than CON in a thermo‐resistance test. Neither treatment (p > .798, .766) nor agitation (p > .396, .476) impacted bacterial growth in this study. In conclusion, air contact negatively impacts boar semen pH and consequently sperm motility. Semen doses prepared with 80 or 40 ml volumes of extended boar semen with minimal air contact in the tubes yield more desirable semen quality and agitating boar semen doses daily does not have negative or positive effects on boar semen quality.