bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Nurturing Parents”–Mindfulness-Based Parent Well-Being Group in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Harris Sally A. , Harris Peter R. , Lenton Jason , Warde Catherine , Gold Eluned , Gane Teresa , Seddon Paul 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Parents of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at increased risk of anxiety and depression. We examine the feasibility and acceptability of nurturing parents (NP) mindfulness-based parent well-being group in CF using a mixed methods design. NP is an 8 week group designed to help parents cultivate (a) resilience to stress, (b) kindness toward themselves, and (c) awareness of self when communicating. Method: Mothers ( N = 12) rated individual and group goals and completed measures of dispositional mindfulness, interpersonal mindfulness in parenting, anxiety, depression, and parenting stress, pre-NP and post-NP. Qualitative data from semistructured interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants who completed the NP group ( n = 9; 75%) reported improvements post-NP in dispositional and interpersonal mindfulness and in at least one group goal. Clinically significant improvements were found for mothers reporting pre-NP anxiety ( n = 2) or depression ( n = 2) in the clinical range. Qualitative themes included: (a) gaining self-awareness and choice, (b) connection to others not defined by CF, and (c) validating self-care. Conclusions: Mothers reported psychological benefits of NP group and preferences that may promote retention. Findings may inform clinical practice. A future pilot trial of efficacy in CF may be feasible. Implications for Impact Statement “Nurturing parents,” a mindfulness-based parent well-being group, is a relatively inexpensive intervention that may offer psychological benefits to mothers of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF). It was acceptable to mothers and feasible to deliver in the pediatric setting. The next stage is an initial “proof of concept” study with clear strategies to boost uptake and minimize attrition, to test whether to proceed with a randomized design.
Intrauterine hyperglycemia impairs memory across two generations
Authors: Zou Kexin , Ren Jun , Luo Sisi , Zhang Junyu , Zhou Chengliang , Tan Chengxi , Lv Pingping , Sun Xiao , Sheng Jianzhong , Liu Xinmei , Huang Hefeng , Ding Guolian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies on humans and animals suggest associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with increased susceptibility to develop neurological disorders in offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the intergenerational effects remain unclear. Using a mouse model of diabetes during pregnancy, we found that intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure resulted in memory impairment in both the first filial (F1) males and the second filial (F2) males from the F1 male offspring. Transcriptome profiling of F1 and F2 hippocampi revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. The reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) of sperm in F1 adult males showed that the intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure caused altered methylated modification of F1 sperm, which is a potential epigenetic mechanism for the intergenerational neurocognitive effects of GDM.
Tetrandrine alleviates silicosis by inhibiting canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lung macrophages
Authors: Song Mei-yue , Wang Jia-xin , Sun You-liang , Han Zhi-fa , Zhou Yi-tian , Liu Ying , Fan Tian-hui , Li Zhao-guo , Qi Xian-mei , Luo Ya , Yang Pei-ran , Li Bai-cun , Zhang Xin-ri , Wang Jing , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSilicosis caused by inhalation of silica particles leads to more than ten thousand new occupational exposure-related deaths yearly. Exacerbating this issue, there are currently few drugs reported to effectively treat silicosis. Tetrandrine is the only drug approved for silicosis treatment in China, and despite more than decades of use, its efficacy and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, in this study, we established silicosis mouse models to investigate the effectiveness of tetrandrine of early and late therapeutic administration. To this end, we used multiple cardiopulmonary function test, as well as markers for inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, using single cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomics of lung tissue and quantitative microarray analysis of serum from silicosis and control mice, our results provide a novel description of the target pathways for tetrandrine. Specifically, we found that tetrandrine attenuated silicosis by inhibiting both the canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in lung macrophages. Taken together, our work showed that tetrandrine yielded promising results against silicosis-associated inflammation and fibrosis and further lied the groundwork for understanding its molecular targets. Our results also facilitated the wider adoption and development of tetrandirne, potentially accelerating a globally accepted therapeutic strategy for silicosis.
Detection and characterization of lung cancer using cell-free DNA fragmentomes
Authors: Mathios Dimitrios , Johansen Jakob Sidenius , Cristiano Stephen , Medina Jamie E. , Phallen Jillian , Larsen Klaus R. , Bruhm Daniel C. , Niknafs Noushin , Ferreira Leonardo , Adleff Vilmos , Chiao Jia Yuee , Leal Alessandro , Noe Michael , White James R. , Arun Adith S. , Hruban Carolyn , Annapragada Akshaya V. , Jensen Sarah Østrup , Ørntoft Mai-Britt Worm , Madsen Anders Husted , Carvalho Beatriz , de Wit Meike , Carey Jacob , Dracopoli Nicholas C. , Maddala Tara , Fang Kenneth C. , Hartman Anne-Renee , Forde Patrick M. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Brahmer Julie R. , Fijneman Remond J. A. , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Meijer Gerrit A. , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg , Mellemgaard Anders , Bojesen Stig E. , Scharpf Robert B. , Velculescu Victor E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon-invasive approaches for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) assessment provide an opportunity for cancer detection and intervention. Here, we use a machine learning model for detecting tumor-derived cfDNA through genome-wide analyses of cfDNA fragmentation in a prospective study of 365 individuals at risk for lung cancer. We validate the cancer detection model using an independent cohort of 385 non-cancer individuals and 46 lung cancer patients. Combining fragmentation features, clinical risk factors, and CEA levels, followed by CT imaging, detected 94% of patients with cancer across stages and subtypes, including 91% of stage I/II and 96% of stage III/IV, at 80% specificity. Genome-wide fragmentation profiles across ~13,000 ASCL1 transcription factor binding sites distinguished individuals with small cell lung cancer from those with non-small cell lung cancer with high accuracy (AUC = 0.98). A higher fragmentation score represented an independent prognostic indicator of survival. This approach provides a facile avenue for non-invasive detection of lung cancer.
The regulatory impact of RNA-binding proteins on microRNA targeting
Authors: Kim Sukjun , Kim Soyoung , Chang Hee Ryung , Kim Doyeon , Park Junehee , Son Narae , Park Joori , Yoon Minhyuk , Chae Gwangung , Kim Young-Kook , Kim V. Narry , Kim Yoon Ki , Nam Jin-Wu , Shin Chanseok , Baek Daehyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArgonaute is the primary mediator of metazoan miRNA targeting (MT). Among the currently identified >1,500 human RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), there are only a handful of RBPs known to enhance MT and several others reported to suppress MT, leaving the global impact of RBPs on MT elusive. In this study, we have systematically analyzed transcriptome-wide binding sites for 150 human RBPs and evaluated the quantitative effect of individual RBPs on MT efficacy. In contrast to previous studies, we show that most RBPs significantly affect MT and that all of those MT-regulating RBPs function as MT enhancers rather than suppressors, by making the local secondary structure of the target site accessible to Argonaute. Our findings illuminate the unappreciated regulatory impact of human RBPs on MT, and as these RBPs may play key roles in the gene regulatory network governed by metazoan miRNAs, MT should be understood in the context of co-regulating RBPs.
Bowls, vases and goblets—the microcrockery of polymer and nanocomposite morphology revealed by two-photon optical tomography
Authors: Yang Shu-Gui , Wei Zhen-Zhen , Cseh Liliana , Kazemi Pantea , Zeng Xiang-bing , Xie Hui-Jie , Saba Hina , Ungar Goran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOn the >1 µm scale the morphology of semicrystalline plastics like polyethylene or Nylon features spherulites, “shish-kebabs”, cylinddrites and other crystalline aggregates which strongly affect mechanical and other material properties. Current imaging techniques give only a 2D picture of these objects. Here we show how they can be visualized in 3D using fluorescent labels and confocal microscopy. As a result, we see spherulites in 3D, both in neat polymers and their nanocomposites, and observe how unevenly nanoparticles and other additives are distributed in the material. Images of i-polypropylene and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) reveal previously unsuspected morphologies such as “vases” and “goblets”, nonspherical “spherulites” and, unexpectedly, “shish-kebabs” grown from quiescent melt. Also surprisingly, in nanocomposite sheets spherulite nucleation is seen to be copied from one surface to another, mediated by crystallization-induced pressure drop and local melt-flow. These first results reveal unfamiliar modes of self-assembly in familiar plastics and open fresh perspectives on polymer microstructure.
Elastocapillary cleaning of twisted bilayer graphene interfaces
Authors: Hou Yuan , Dai Zhaohe , Zhang Shuai , Feng Shizhe , Wang Guorui , Liu Luqi , Xu Zhiping , Li Qunyang , Zhang Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough layered van der Waals (vdW) materials involve vast interface areas that are often subject to contamination, vdW interactions between layers may squeeze interfacial contaminants into nanopockets. More intriguingly, those nanopockets could spontaneously coalesce into larger ones, which are easier to be squeezed out the atomic channels. Such unusual phenomena have been thought of as an Ostwald ripening process that is driven by the capillarity of the confined liquid. The underlying mechanism, however, is unclear as the crucial role played by the sheet’s elasticity has not been previously appreciated. Here, we demonstrate the coalescence of separated nanopockets and propose a cleaning mechanism in which both elastic and capillary forces are at play. We elucidate this mechanism in terms of control of the nanopocket morphology and the coalescence of nanopockets via a mechanical stretch. Besides, we demonstrate that bilayer graphene interfaces excel in self-renewal phenomena.
The antidepressant drug vilazodone is an allosteric inhibitor of the serotonin transporter
Authors: Plenge Per , Yang Dongxue , Salomon Kristine , Laursen Louise , Kalenderoglou Iris E. , Newman Amy H. , Gouaux Eric , Coleman Jonathan A. , Loland Claus J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDepression is a common mental disorder. The standard medical treatment is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). All characterized SSRIs are competitive inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT). A non-competitive inhibitor may produce a more favorable therapeutic profile. Vilazodone is an antidepressant with limited information on its molecular interactions with SERT. Here we use molecular pharmacology and cryo-EM structural elucidation to characterize vilazodone binding to SERT. We find that it exhibits non-competitive inhibition of serotonin uptake and impedes dissociation of [3H]imipramine at low nanomolar concentrations. Our SERT structure with bound imipramine and vilazodone reveals a unique binding pocket for vilazodone, expanding the boundaries of the extracellular vestibule. Characterization of the binding site is substantiated with molecular dynamics simulations and systematic mutagenesis of interacting residues resulting in decreased vilazodone binding to the allosteric site. Our findings underline the versatility of SERT allosteric ligands and describe the unique binding characteristics of vilazodone.
Tet2 Controls the Responses of β cells to Inflammation in Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Rui Jinxiu , Deng Songyan , Perdigoto Ana Luisa , Ponath Gerald , Kursawe Romy , Lawlor Nathan , Sumida Tomokazu , Levine-Ritterman Maya , Stitzel Michael L. , Pitt David , Lu Jun , Herold Kevan C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstractβ cells may participate and contribute to their own demise during Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here we report a role of their expression of Tet2 in regulating immune killing. Tet2 is induced in murine and human β cells with inflammation but its expression is reduced in surviving β cells. Tet2-KO mice that receive WT bone marrow transplants develop insulitis but not diabetes and islet infiltrates do not eliminate β cells even though immune cells from the mice can transfer diabetes to NOD/scid recipients. Tet2-KO recipients are protected from transfer of disease by diabetogenic immune cells.Tet2-KO β cells show reduced expression of IFNγ-induced inflammatory genes that are needed to activate diabetogenic T cells. Here we show that Tet2 regulates pathologic interactions between β cells and immune cells and controls damaging inflammatory pathways. Our data suggests that eliminating TET2 in β cells may reduce activating pathologic immune cells and killing of β cells.
WS2 moiré superlattices derived from mechanical flexibility for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xie Lingbin , Wang Longlu , Zhao Weiwei , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe discovery of moiré superlattices (MSLs) opened an era in the research of ‘twistronics’. Engineering MSLs and realizing unique emergent properties are key challenges. Herein, we demonstrate an effective synthetic strategy to fabricate MSLs based on mechanical flexibility of WS2 nanobelts by a facile one-step hydrothermal method. Unlike previous MSLs typically created through stacking monolayers together with complicated method, WS2 MSLs reported here could be obtained directly during synthesis of nanobelts driven by the mechanical instability. Emergent properties are found including superior conductivity, special superaerophobicity and superhydrophilicity, and strongly enhanced electro-catalytic activity when we apply ‘twistronics’ to the field of catalytic hydrogen production. Theoretical calculations show that such excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to a closer to thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption free energy value of twisted bilayers active sites. Our findings provide an exciting opportunity to design advanced WS2 catalysts through moiré superlattice engineering based on mechanical flexibility.
O-GlcNAcylated p53 in the liver modulates hepatic glucose production
Authors: Gonzalez-Rellan Maria J. , Fondevila Marcos F. , Fernandez Uxia , Rodríguez Amaia , Varela-Rey Marta , Veyrat-Durebex Christelle , Seoane Samuel , Bernardo Ganeko , Lopitz-Otsoa Fernando , Fernández-Ramos David , Bilbao Jon , Iglesias Cristina , Novoa Eva , Ameneiro Cristina , Senra Ana , Beiroa Daniel , Cuñarro Juan , DP Chantada-Vazquez Maria , Garcia-Vence Maria , Bravo Susana B. , Da Silva Lima Natalia , Porteiro Begoña , Carneiro Carmen , Vidal Anxo , Tovar Sulay , Müller Timo D. , Ferno Johan , Guallar Diana , Fidalgo Miguel , Sabio Guadalupe , Herzig Stephan , Yang Won Ho , Cho Jin Won , Martinez-Chantar Maria Luz , Perez-Fernandez Roman , López Miguel , Dieguez Carlos , Mato Jose M. , Millet Oscar , Coppari Roberto , Woodhoo Ashwin , Fruhbeck Gema , Nogueiras Ruben 
Published: August 2021

Abstractp53 regulates several signaling pathways to maintain the metabolic homeostasis of cells and modulates the cellular response to stress. Deficiency or excess of nutrients causes cellular metabolic stress, and we hypothesized that p53 could be linked to glucose maintenance. We show here that upon starvation hepatic p53 is stabilized byO-GlcNAcylation and plays an essential role in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis. More specifically, p53 binds to PCK1 promoter and regulates its transcriptional activation, thereby controlling hepatic glucose production. Mice lacking p53 in the liver show a reduced gluconeogenic response during calorie restriction. Glucagon, adrenaline and glucocorticoids augment protein levels of p53, and administration of these hormones to p53 deficient human hepatocytes and to liver-specific p53 deficient mice fails to increase glucose levels. Moreover, insulin decreases p53 levels, and over-expression of p53 impairs insulin sensitivity. Finally, protein levels of p53, as well as genes responsible ofO-GlcNAcylation are elevated in the liver of type 2 diabetic patients and positively correlate with glucose and HOMA-IR. Overall these results indicate that theO-GlcNAcylation of p53 plays an unsuspected key role regulating in vivo glucose homeostasis.
Haplotype-resolved de novo assembly of the Vero cell line genome
Authors: Sène Marie-Angélique , Kiesslich Sascha , Djambazian Haig , Ragoussis Jiannis , Xia Yu , Kamen Amine A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Vero cell line is the most used continuous cell line for viral vaccine manufacturing with more than 40 years of accumulated experience in the vaccine industry. Additionally, the Vero cell line has shown a high affinity for infection by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and recently SARS-CoV-2, emerging as an important discovery and screening tool to support the global research and development efforts in this COVID-19 pandemic. However, the lack of a reference genome for the Vero cell line has limited our understanding of host–virus interactions underlying such affinity of the Vero cell towards key emerging pathogens, and more importantly our ability to redesign high-yield vaccine production processes using Vero genome editing. In this paper, we present an annotated highly contiguous 2.9 Gb assembly of the Vero cell genome. In addition, several viral genome insertions, including Adeno-associated virus serotypes 3, 4, 7, and 8, have been identified, giving valuable insights into quality control considerations for cell-based vaccine production systems. Variant calling revealed that, in addition to interferon, chemokines, and caspases-related genes lost their functions. Surprisingly, the ACE2 gene, which was previously identified as the host cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, also lost function in the Vero genome due to structural variations.
Toxic and heavy metals contamination assessment in soil and water to evaluate human health risk
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Alharthy Rima D. , Zubair Muhammad , Ahmed Mahmood , Hameed Abdul , Rafique Sajjad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to urbanization and industrialization, there has been an increase in solid waste generation and has become a global concern and leakage of leachate from landfills contaminate the soil and groundwater and hence can have a severe impact on human health. The present study aimed to determine the composition of toxic metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, As) and heavy metals (Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb) in soil and water by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). To ensure accuracy during the analysis of Cr, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Ba, Hg, and Pb in real samples, certified reference material (CRM, SRM 2709a) of San Joaquin soil and water (SRM 1640a) were analyzed and results were presented in terms of % recovery studies. The mean concentration of all the metals in soil and water did not exceed the limit set by the European Community (EU), WHO, and US EPA except Cu where the permissible limit defined by the EU is 50–140 mg/kg in soil. The soil is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with respect to all metals except the Cu and Pb. Among the average daily dose (ADD) of soil, ADDing and ADDinh for children had the maximum dose for all metals than adults while ADDderm was higher in adults. Hazard quotient (HQ) trend in both adults and children was found in order HQing > HQderm > HQinh of soil for all metals except Ba which followed HQing > HQinh > HQderm. Hazard index (HI) values of soil for Cr and Pb in children were 7 and 7.5 times higher than adults respectively. Lifetime cancer risk (LCR) value for Cr by different exposure pathways of soil was 5.361 × 10−4 for children which are at the lower borderline of risk for cancer.
Body-shape trajectories and their genetic variance component in Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: Fragkoulis Stefanos , Kerasovitis Dimosthenis , Batargias Costas , Koumoundouros George 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe phenotype of juvenile fish is closely associated with the adult phenotype, thus consisting an important quality trait for reared fish stocks. In this study, we estimated the correlation between the juvenile and adult body-shape in Gilthead seabream, and examined the genetic basis of the ontogenetic trajectories. The body shape of 959 pit-tagged fish was periodically examined during the juvenile-to-adult period. Individual shape ontogenetic trajectories were studied in respect to the initial (juvenile) and final (adult) phenotypes, as well as to the rate that adult phenotype is attained (phenotypic integration rate). We found that the juvenile body-shape presented a rapid change up to 192.7 ± 1.9 mm standard length, followed by a phenotypically stable period (plateau). Depending on the shape component considered, body-shape correlations between juvenile and adult stages ranged from 0.22 to 0.76. Heritability estimates (h2) of the final phenotype ranged from 0.370 ± 0.077 to 0.511 ± 0.089, whereas h2 for the phenotypic integration rate was 0.173 ± 0.062. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the variance of the ontogenetic trajectories has a substantial additive genetic component. Results are discussed in respect to their potential use in selective breeding programs of Gilthead seabream.
Implicit and explicit learning of Bayesian priors differently impacts bias during perceptual decision-making
Authors: Thakur V. N. , Basso M. A. , Ditterich J. , Knowlton B. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKnowledge without awareness, or implicit knowledge, influences a variety of behaviors. It is unknown however, whether implicit knowledge of statistical structure informs visual perceptual decisions or whether explicit knowledge of statistical probabilities is required. Here, we measured visual decision-making performance using a novel task in which humans reported the orientation of two differently colored translational Glass patterns; each color associated with different orientation probabilities. The task design allowed us to assess participants’ ability to learn and use a general orientation prior as well as a color specific feature prior. Classifying decision-makers based on a questionnaire revealed that both implicit and explicit learners implemented a general orientation bias by adjusting the starting point of evidence accumulation in the drift diffusion model framework. Explicit learners additionally adjusted the drift rate offset. When subjects implemented a stimulus specific bias, they did so by adjusting primarily the drift rate offset. We conclude that humans can learn priors implicitly for perceptual decision-making and depending on awareness implement the priors using different mechanisms.