bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CANNUSE, a database of traditional Cannabis uses—an opportunity for new research
Authors: Balant Manica , Gras Airy , Gálvez Francisco , Garnatje Teresa , Vallès Joan , Vitales Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCannabis is one of the most versatile genera in terms of plant uses and has been exploited by humans for millennia due to its medicinal properties, strong fibres, nutritious seeds and psychoactive resin. Nowadays, Cannabis is the centre of many scientific studies, which mainly focus on its chemical composition and medicinal properties. Unfortunately, while new applications of this plant are continuously being developed, some of its traditional uses are becoming rare and even disappearing altogether. Information on traditional uses of Cannabis is vast, but it is scattered across many publication sources in different formats, so synthesis and standardization of these data are increasingly important. The CANNUSE database provides an organized information source for scientists and general public interested in different aspects of Cannabis use. It contains over 2300 entries from 649 publications related to medicinal, alimentary, fibre and other uses from different geographical areas and cultures around the world. We believe this database will serve as a starting point for new research and development strategies based on the traditional knowledge.Database URL: http://cannusedb.csic.es
Association of patient gender and gastroenterologists’ diagnosis and management choices in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Krigel Anna , Lebwohl Benjamin , Yadlapati Rena , Jodorkovsky Daniela 
Published: April 2021

SummarySymptom severity and prevalence of erosive disease in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) differ between genders. It is not known how gastroenterologists incorporate patient gender in their decision-making process. We aimed to evaluate how gender influences the diagnosis and management recommendations for patients with GERD. We invited a nationwide sample of gastroenterologists via voluntary listservs to complete an online survey of fictional patient scenarios presenting with different GERD symptoms and endoscopic findings. Patient gender for each case was randomly generated. Study participants were asked for their likelihood of a diagnosis of GERD and subsequent management recommendations. Results were analyzed using chi-square tests, Fisher Exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression. Of 819 survey invitations sent, 135 gastroenterologists responded with 95.6% completion rate. There was no significant association between patient gender and prediction for the likelihood of GERD for any of the five clinical scenarios when analyzed separately or when all survey responses were pooled. There was also no significant association between gender and decision to refer for fundoplication, escalate PPI therapy, or start of neuromodulation/behavioral therapy. Despite documented symptomatic and physiologic differences of GERD between the genders, patient gender did not affect respondents’ estimates of GERD diagnosis or subsequent management. Further outcomes studies should validate whether response to GERD treatment strategies differ between women and men.
Successful surgical treatment of a long ingrowing intra-coronary septic vegetation
Authors: Umeda Yukio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 39-year-old man was referred to our hospital as infective endocarditis with multiple organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Transoesophageal echocardiography and coronary computed tomography angiography revealed a long ingrowing vegetation into the right coronary artery. Emergency surgical resection of the vegetation and aortic valve replacement was performed successfully without distal embolism of the vegetation.
Comparison of 2-D and 3-D full waveform inversion imaging using wide-angle seismic data from the Deep Galicia Margin
Authors: Boddupalli Bhargav , Minshull Tim A , Morgan Joanna , Bayrakci Gaye , Klaeschen Dirk 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a data-fitting technique capable of generating high-resolution velocity models with a resolution down to half the seismic wavelength. FWI is applied typically to densely sampled seismic data. In this study, we applied FWI to 3-D wide-angle seismic data acquired using sparsely spaced ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) from the Deep Galicia Margin west of Iberia. Our data set samples the S-reflector, a low-angle detachment present in this area. Here we highlight differences between 2-D, 2.5-D and 3-D-FWI performances using a real sparsely spaced data set. We performed 3-D FWI in the time domain and compared the results with 2-D and 2.5-D FWI results from a profile through the 3-D model. When overlaid on multichannel seismic images, the 3-D FWI results constrain better the complex faulting within the pre- and syn-rift sediments and crystalline crust compared to the 2-D result. Furthermore, we estimate variable serpentinization of the upper mantle below the S-reflector along the profile using 3-D FWI, reaching a maximum of 45 per cent. Differences in the data residuals of the 2-D, 2.5-D and 3-D inversions suggest that 2-D inversion can be prone to overfitting when using a sparse data set. To validate our results, we performed tests to recover the anomalies introduced by the inversions in the final models using synthetic data sets. Based on our comparison of the velocity models, we conclude that the use of 3-D data can partially mitigate the problem of receiver sparsity in FWI.
On the instability, nonexistence and spatial behaviour of the one-dimensional response of a new class of elastic bodies
Authors: Quintanilla R , Rajagopal K R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this note we consider 1D problems within the context of a new class of elastic bodies. Under suitable conditions on the constitutive equations we prove instability and nonexistence of solutions similar to those in place for the linearized theory. The last section is devoted to describing the spatial behavior of the solutions.
The Association Between Weight Gain, Sex, and Immune Activation Following the Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Bares Sara H , Smeaton Laura M , Scott Sarah E , Smith Beth A , Godfrey Catherine , McComsey Grace A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Immune activation persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may be affected by sex or body composition. We explored these relationships in a subset of participants who initiated ART in two large randomized trials.

Methods
Purposeful sampling selected participants who achieved virologic suppression on ART and either maintained weight within ± 0.5 kg/m2 or gained 2.6–6.4 kg/m2 from baseline to 96 weeks. We measured 7 markers of inflammation and immune activation at weeks 0 and 96. Multivariable linear regression explored associations of weight gain, sex, and pre-ART BMI with pre-ART and changes in biomarker concentrations.

Results
340 participants were selected; median pre-ART age 42 years, CD4+ cell count 273 cells/mm3, HIV-1 RNA 4.7 log10 copies/mL; 49% were women, 33% white, 42% black, and 24% Hispanic. Among participants with a normal pre-ART BMI, higher pre-ART levels of IL-6, sTNF-RI and RII, CXCL-10, sCD163 and hsCRP were associated with weight gain. Association of weight gain with week 96 changes of these biomarkers differed by sex; women who gained weight had smaller declines in most measured biomarkers compared to men who gained.

Conclusions
Among women, weight gain is associated with attenuated decline in several immune activation markers following ART initiation.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT 00811954 and NCT 00811954.
Thiocillin and micrococcin exploit the ferrioxamine receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for uptake
Authors: Chan Derek C K , Burrows Lori L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Thiopeptides are a class of antibiotics that are active against Gram-positive bacteria and inhibit translation. They were considered inactive against Gram-negative bacteria due to their inability to cross the outer membrane. However, we discovered previously that a member of this class, thiostrepton (TS), has activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii under iron-limiting conditions. TS hijacks the pyoverdine siderophore receptors of P. aeruginosa to cross the outer membrane and synergizes with iron chelators.

Objectives
To test other thiopeptides for antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and determine their mechanism of uptake, action and spectrum of activity.

Methods
Eight thiopeptides were screened in chequerboard assays against a mutant of P. aeruginosa PA14 lacking both pyoverdine receptors. Thiopeptides that retain activity against a pyoverdine receptor-null mutant may use alternative siderophore receptors for entry. Susceptibility testing against siderophore receptor mutants was used to determine thiopeptide mechanism of uptake.

Results
The thiopeptides thiocillin (TC) and micrococcin (MC) use the ferrioxamine siderophore receptor (FoxA) for uptake and inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa at low micromolar concentrations. The activity of TC required the TonB-ExbBD system used to energize siderophore uptake. TC acted through its canonical mechanism of action of translation inhibition.

Conclusions
Multiple thiopeptides have antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, countering the historical assumption that they cannot cross the outer membrane. These results demonstrate the potential for thiopeptides to act as antipseudomonal antibiotics.
Development of an electronic conversation aid to support shared decision making for children with acute otitis media
Authors: Anderson Jana L , Oliveira J e Silva Lucas , Brito Juan P , Hargraves Ian G , Hess Erik P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The overuse of antibiotics for acute otitis media (AOM) in children is a healthcare quality issue in part arising from conflicting parent and physician understanding of the risks and benefits of antibiotics for AOM. Our objective was to develop a conversation aid that supports shared decision making (SDM) with parents of children who are diagnosed with non-severe AOM in the acute care setting.

Materials and Methods
We developed a web-based encounter tool following a human-centered design approach that includes active collaboration with parents, clinicians, and designers using literature review, observations of clinical encounters, parental and clinician surveys, and interviews. Insights from these processes informed the iterative creation of prototypes that were reviewed and field-tested in patient encounters.

Results
The ear pain conversation aid includes five sections: (1) A home page that opens the discussion on the etiologies of AOM; (2) the various options available for AOM management; (3) a pictograph of the impact of antibiotic therapy on pain control; (4) a pictograph of complication rates with and without antibiotics; and (5) a summary page on management choices. This open-access, web-based tool is located at www.earpaindecisionaid.org.

Conclusions
We collaboratively developed an evidence-based conversation aid to facilitate SDM for AOM. This decision aid has the potential to improve parental medical knowledge of AOM, physician/parent communication, and possibly decrease the overuse of antibiotics for this condition.
Annotation and initial evaluation of a large annotated German oncological corpus
Authors: Kittner Madeleine , Lamping Mario , Rieke Damian T , Götze Julian , Bajwa Bariya , Jelas Ivan , Rüter Gina , Hautow Hanjo , Sänger Mario , Habibi Maryam , Zettwitz Marit , Bortoli Till de , Ostermann Leonie , Ševa Jurica , Starlinger Johannes , Kohlbacher Oliver , Malek Nisar P , Keilholz Ulrich , Leser Ulf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
We present the Berlin-Tübingen-Oncology corpus (BRONCO), a large and freely available corpus of shuffled sentences from German oncological discharge summaries annotated with diagnosis, treatments, medications, and further attributes including negation and speculation. The aim of BRONCO is to foster reproducible and openly available research on Information Extraction from German medical texts.

Materials and Methods
BRONCO consists of 200 manually deidentified discharge summaries of cancer patients. Annotation followed a structured and quality-controlled process involving 2 groups of medical experts to ensure consistency, comprehensiveness, and high quality of annotations. We present results of several state-of-the-art techniques for different IE tasks as baselines for subsequent research.

Results
The annotated corpus consists of 11 434 sentences and 89 942 tokens, annotated with 11 124 annotations for medical entities and 3118 annotations of related attributes. We publish 75% of the corpus as a set of shuffled sentences, and keep 25% as held-out data set for unbiased evaluation of future IE tools. On this held-out dataset, our baselines reach depending on the specific entity types F1-scores of 0.72–0.90 for named entity recognition, 0.10–0.68 for entity normalization, 0.55 for negation detection, and 0.33 for speculation detection.

Discussion
Medical corpus annotation is a complex and time-consuming task. This makes sharing of such resources even more important.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, BRONCO is the first sizable and freely available German medical corpus. Our baseline results show that more research efforts are necessary to lift the quality of information extraction in German medical texts to the level already possible for English.
Thyroid metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung: a case report and literature review
Authors: Montecamozzo Giulio , Cammarata Francesco , Pennacchi Luca , Yakushkina Al’ona , Carsana Luca , Zerbi Pietro , Danelli Piergiorgio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Both adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and thyroid metastasis are quite peculiar clinical presentations. ACC is a malignant salivary gland-type tumour mostly found in the head and neck district, but that can arise from different organs. Due to its rarity, it can pose problems in the diagnostic and therapeutic management.
A 72-year-old woman presented for a persistent non-productive cough. A computed tomography showed a lung mass. She underwent lung surgery, and the lesion was an ACC primitive of the lung. She developed hoarseness and ultrasound and cytology confirmed metastatic involvement of left thyroid lobe from ACC. A total thyroidectomy was performed, followed by radiotherapy.
The present case highlights the need to be aware of possible metastatic thyroid localization of ACC originating in lower airways. This is a very rare event, and clinical and cytological findings must be carefully examined. It represents an opportunity to consider the current knowledge about ACC metastasis to thyroid.
A case report of a retained interventricular septal bullet after gunshot wound
Authors: Smith Brandon M , Loomis Elisabeth , Erz Logan , Shaub Ted F , Espinal Eric , Shenoy Rathna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cardiac gunshot injuries herald a universally grim prognosis. We present an exceedingly unique case of a patient surviving multiple gunshot wounds with two bullet fragments lodged in the interventricular septum.
A 25-year-old male sustained four gunshot wound injuries to the upper body. Two cardiac interventricular septal bullet fragments were identified during his recovery. Management included serial echocardiographic surveillance and a two-month regimen of empiric colchicine for prophylaxis against post-traumatic pericarditis.
Pursuing non-operative management especially in asymptomatic or stable patients should be evaluated against surgical extraction and possible sequelae of complications. The consideration of scheduled colchicine for pericarditis prophylaxis is warranted as well as interval echocardiogram.
Retained myocardial bullets are exceedingly rare clinical events with scant literature available to guide clinical decisions. Management requires intricate decision-making and close consideration of risk benefit analysis weighing surgical extraction against non-operative management.
On the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect as an observational probe for halo spin bias
Authors: Montero-Dorta Antonio D , Artale M Celeste , Abramo L Raul , Tucci Beatriz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe explore the potential of the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect as the cornerstone of a future observational probe for halo spin bias, the secondary dependence of halo clustering on halo spin at fixed halo mass. Using the IllustrisTNG magnetohydrodynamical cosmological simulation, we measure both the rotational component of the kSZ and the thermal SZ (tSZ) effects produced by the baryonic content of more than 50 000 haloes within the halo mass range $11 \lt \log _{10} ({\rm M_{vir}}/ h^{-1} \, {\rm M_{\odot }}) \lesssim 14.5$. First, we confirm that the magnitude of both effects depends strongly on the total gas and virial mass of the haloes, and that the integrated kSZ signal displays a significant correlation with the angular momentum of the intra-halo gas, particularly for massive haloes. Second, we show that both the integrated kSZ signal and the ratio of the integrated kSZ and tSZ signals trace total halo spin, even though significant scatter exists. Finally, we demonstrate, with high statistical significance, that, in the absence of observational and instrumental uncertainties, these SZ-related statistics can be used to recover most of the underlying IllustrisTNG halo spin bias signal. Our analysis represents the first attempt to develop a future observational probe for halo spin bias, bringing forward alternative routes for measuring the secondary bias effects.
H i intensity mapping with the MIGHTEE survey: power spectrum estimates
Authors: Paul Sourabh , Santos Mario G , Townsend Junaid , Jarvis Matt J , Maddox Natasha , Collier Jordan D , Frank Bradley S , Taylor Russ 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Intensity mapping (IM) with neutral hydrogen is a promising avenue to probe the large-scale structure of the Universe. In this paper, we demonstrate that using the 64-dish MeerKAT radio telescope as a connected interferometer, it is possible to make a statistical detection of H i in the post-reionization Universe. With the MIGHTEE (MeerKAT International GHz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration) survey project observing in the L-band (856 MHz &lt; ν &lt; 1712 MHz, z &lt; 0.66), we can achieve the required sensitivity to measure the H i IM power spectrum on quasi-linear scales, which will provide an important complementarity to the single-dish IM MeerKAT observations. We present a purpose-built simulation pipeline that emulates the MIGHTEE observations and forecasts the constraints that can be achieved on the H i power spectrum at z = 0.27 for k &gt; 0.3 $\rm {Mpc}^{-1}$ using the foreground avoidance method. We present the power spectrum estimates with the current simulation on the COSMOS field that includes contributions from H i, noise, and point-source models constructed from the observed MIGHTEE data. The results from our visibility-based pipeline are in qualitative agreement to the already available MIGHTEE data. This paper demonstrates that MeerKAT can achieve very high sensitivity to detect H i with the full MIGHTEE survey on quasi-linear scales (signal-to-noise ratio &gt;7 at k = 0.49 $\rm {Mpc}^{-1}$) that are instrumental in probing cosmological quantities such as the spectral index of fluctuation, constraints on warm dark matter, the quasi-linear redshift space distortions, and the measurement of the H i content of the Universe up to z ∼ 0.5.
A tale of two tails: insights from simulations into the formation of the peculiar dwarf galaxy NGC 1427A
Authors: Mastropietro M , De Rijcke S , Peletier R F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a scenario for the formation and the morphology of the arrow-shaped dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 1427A in the Fornax Cluster. This galaxy shows intriguing stellar and gaseous tails pointing in different directions for which alternative but not conclusive formation scenarios have been proposed in the literature. We performed N-body/SPH simulations of dwarf galaxies falling into a model of the Fornax cluster, exhibiting a jellyfish-like appearance while undergoing ram-pressure stripping. We noted that some of our models show interesting tail morphologies similar to that of NGC 1427A. In this way, the peculiar NGC 1427A structure can be studied using models whose stellar and neutral gas photometry and kinematics are in good agreement with the observed ones, without the need of invoking an interaction with a nearby galaxy. Thanks to the tails, we can identify the requirements for a galaxy to expose such a structure and assess the possible position and velocity of the galaxy in the cluster. This puts constraints on the orbit of the galaxy, its position in the cluster and the time since its pericentre passage. From the statistics of identified snapshots following our modelling, we found that the most likely position of the galaxy is around 200 kpc in front of the cluster centre, travelling towards the cluster with a velocity angle with respect to the line-of-sight direction of around 50 deg. This analysis can be useful in future observations of similar galaxies in clusters to characterize their position and velocity in the cluster and their formation.
Tree-ring structure of Galactic bar resonance
Authors: Chiba Rimpei , Schönrich Ralph 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy models have long predicted that galactic bars slow down by losing angular momentum to their postulated dark haloes. When the bar slows down, resonance sweeps radially outwards through the galactic disc while growing in volume, thereby sequentially capturing new stars at its surface/separatrix. Since trapped stars conserve their action of libration, which measures the relative distance to the resonance centre, the order of capturing is preserved: the surface of the resonance is dominated by stars captured recently at large radius, while the core of the resonance is occupied by stars trapped early at small radius. The slow down of the bar thus results in a rising mean metallicity of trapped stars from the surface towards the centre of the resonance as the Galaxy’s metallicity declines towards large radii. This argument, when applied to Solar neighbourhood stars, allows a novel precision measurement of the bar’s current pattern speed $\Omega _{\rm p}= 35.5 \pm 0.8 \, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}\, {\rm kpc}^{-1}$, placing the corotation radius at $R_{\rm CR}= 6.6 \pm 0.2 \, {\rm kpc}$. With this pattern speed, the corotation resonance precisely fits the Hercules stream in agreement with kinematics. Beyond corroborating the slow bar theory, this measurement manifests the deceleration of the bar of more than $24{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ since its formation and thus the angular momentum transfer to the dark halo by dynamical friction. The measurement therefore supports the existence of a standard dark-matter halo rather than alternative models of gravity.