bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positional Match Running Performance and Performance Profiles of Elite Female Field Hockey
Authors: Kapteijns Jonne A. , Caen Kevin , Lievens Maarten , Bourgois Jan G. , Boone Jan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine if there is a link between the demands of competitive game activity and performance profiles of elite female field hockey players. Methods: Global positioning systems (GPS) were used to quantify running performance of elite female field hockey players (N = 20) during 26 competitive games. Performance profiles were assessed at 2 time points (preseason and midseason) for 2 competitive seasons. A battery of anthropometric and performance field-based tests (30–15 intermittent fitness test, incremental run test, 10–30-m speed test, T test, and vertical jump test) were used to determine the performance profiles of the players. Results: Players covered a mean total distance of 5384 (835) m, of which 19% was spent at high intensities (zone 5: 796 [221] m; zone 6: 274 [105] m). Forwards covered the lowest mean total distance (estimated marginal means 4586 m; 95% confidence interval, 4275–4897), whereas work rate was higher in forwards compared with midfielders (P = .006, d = 0.43) and central defenders (P = .001, d = 1.41). Players showed an improvement in body composition and anaerobic performance from preseason to midseason. Aerobic performance capacity (maximal oxygen uptake and speed at the 4-mM lactate threshold) was positively correlated with high-intensity activities. Conclusions: There is a clear relationship between running performance and aerobic performance profiles in elite female hockey players. These results highlight the importance of a well-developed aerobic performance capacity in order to maintain a high performance level during hockey games.
Distinct responses of late Miocene eolian and lacustrine systems to astronomical forcing in NE Tibet
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Huang Chunju , Kemp David B. , Zhang Ze , Sui Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEast Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and winter monsoon (EAWM) variability on orbital time scales during the late Miocene remains poorly constrained. Climate models reveal variable responses of the EASM and EAWM to astronomical forcing, but there is a lack of empirical evidence from the geological record to validate these results. In this study, we used time series analysis to reconstruct climatic changes and orbital forcing from eolian and lacustrine sediment archives from NE Tibet during the late Miocene. Analysis of magnetic susceptibility data demonstrates that lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin (Yaodian section) show dominant ∼100 k.y. eccentricity forcing in the late Miocene (ca. 10.25–8 Ma). In contrast, eolian deposits in the Jianzha Basin (Jiarang section) show significant 405 k.y. eccentricity and 41 k.y. obliquity forcing over the same interval with weak evidence for ∼100 k.y. eccentricity cycles. Grain size data from the Yaodian section support a lacustrine origin of these sediments and also support previous work demonstrating aridification in NE Tibet after ca. 8.6 Ma. Taken together, our analyses highlight markedly different orbital forcing responses of lacustrine and eolian sedimentary systems during the late Miocene. We suggest that the dominant ∼100 k.y. lacustrine cycles in the Yaodian section, which were mainly controlled by EASM variability, may have been linked to Antarctic ice sheet and/or low-latitude insolation modulations related to precession amplitude modulation by eccentricity. In contrast, the orbital signature of eolian sediments in the Jiarang section was significantly influenced by the EAWM and can be linked to variability in meridional temperature/pressure gradients.
Relationship of the Extent of Antarctic and Arctic Ice with Temperature Changes, 1979–2020
Authors: Mokhov I. I. , Parfenova M. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantitative estimates of the relationship between interannual variations in the extent of Antarctic and Arctic sea ice and changes in the surface air temperature in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are obtained using satellite, ground-based, and reanalysis data for the past four decades (1980–2019). It is shown that the previously noted general increase in the extent of Antarctic sea ice observed until recent years from satellite data (available only since the late 1970s) over the background global warming and a rapid decrease in the extent of Arctic sea ice is associated with a regional decrease in the surface temperature at Antarctic latitudes from the end of the 1970s. This is a result of regional manifestation of natural climate variations with periods of up to several decades against the background of global secular warming with a relatively weak temperature trend over the ocean in the Southern Hemisphere. Since 2016, a sharp decrease in the extent of Antarctic sea ice in the Southern Ocean has been observed. The results of the correlation and cross-wavelet analysis indicate significant coherence and negative correlation with the surface temperature of the extent of sea ice in recent decades, not only in the Arctic, but also in the Antarctic.
Quantitative Assessment of Motor Neglect
Authors: Toba Monica N. , Pagliari Chiara , Rabuffetti Marco , Nighoghossian Norbert , Rode Gilles , Cotton François , Spinazzola Lucia , Baglio Francesca , Migliaccio Raffaella , Bartolomeo Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
We used differential actigraphy as a novel, objective method to quantify motor neglect (a clinical condition whereby patients mimic hemiplegia even in the absence of sensorimotor deficits), whose diagnosis is at present highly subjective, based on the clinical observation of patients’ spontaneous motor behavior.

Methods:
Patients wear wristwatch-like accelerometers, which record spontaneous motor activity of their upper limbs during 24 hours. Asymmetries of motor behavior are then automatically computed offline. On the basis of normal participants’ performance, we calculated cutoff scores of left/right motor asymmetry.

Results:
Differential actigraphy showed contralesional motor neglect in 9 of 35 patients with unilateral strokes, consistent with clinical assessment. An additional patient with clinical signs of motor neglect obtained a borderline asymmetry score. Lesion location in a subgroup of 25 patients was highly variable, suggesting that motor neglect is a heterogenous condition.

Conclusions:
Differential actigraphy provides an ecological measure of spontaneous motor behavior, and can assess upper limb motricity in an objective and quantitative manner. It thus offers a convenient, cost-effective, and relatively automatized procedure for following-up motor behavior in neurological patients and to assess the effects of rehabilitation.
Removal of Airway Foreign Body in a Premature Neonate
Authors: Reed Leighton , Larson Stephen , Sheyn Anthony , McLevy Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Airway foreign bodies are the leading cause of infantile deaths and fourth among preschool children. Airway foreign bodies in extremely premature neonates represent a rare but potentially lethal entity. There are very few reports in the literature describing the treatment of such a condition in premature neonates. The objectives of this report are to describe the safe removal of an airway foreign body in an extremely premature infant using urologic instruments in a trans-endotracheal tube fashion and to review the literature for other techniques that have proven safe and effective, thereby adding technical options for future cases. Methods: We reviewed the case reported and reviewed pertinent literature. Results: A 2-week old, ex-24 3/7-week, 820-g pre-mature infant was intubated with a 2.5 endotracheal tube. After intubation, a 2-cm foreign body was discovered in the distal trachea by chest x-ray. The child’s respiratory status continuously deteriorated with increasing oxygen and positive pressure requirements. While remaining intubated, the child underwent direct suspension laryngoscopy, the ventilator circuitry was disconnected, and the object was successfully removed using a 1.2 mm rigid ureteroscope and 1.1 mm grasping forceps through the 2.5 endotracheal tube. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of using a 1.2 mm ureteroscope and 1.2 mm urologic graspers to extract an airway foreign body from an extremely premature neonate through an endotracheal tube without paralyzing the patient. This method provides a safe and effective means of visualizing and, if necessary, manipulating the airway in a population prone to respiratory complications.
Autologous Free Dermal-Fat-Fascial Graft for Parotidectomy Defects: A Case Series
Authors: Mianroodi Aliasghar A. , Mohtashami Sadaf , Romero Nahir , Fuson Andrew , Joshi Arjun , Sadeghi Nader 
Published: March 2021

Background: Frey’s syndrome and facial asymmetry from loss of parotid tissue are long-term sequelae of parotid surgeries causing significant morbidity. Various techniques have been used to fill the parotidectomy defect, preserve facial contour symmetry, and prevent Frey’s syndrome. Free dermal-fat-fascial graft (DFFG) is one such technique; however, its use is largely undocumented in the literature. In this case series, we investigate the efficacy of free DFFG in reconstructing parotidectomy defects at 2 tertiary care centers. Materials and methods: Medical records of 54 patients who underwent primary parotidectomy and immediate reconstruction with autologous abdominal free DFFG by 2 surgeons in George Washington University Hospital and McGill University Health Centre between 2007 and 2019 were collected prospectively. Patients responded to 2 questionnaires addressing postoperative outcomes. Results: Fifty-four patients were included; 32 superficial parotidectomies and 22 total parotidectomies were performed for 39 benign and 15 malignant tumors. Thirty-seven patients could be reached. Out of 37 patients who responded to the first questionnaire, 59% (22) reported complete facial symmetry, 27% (10) reported mild hollowness, and 14% (5) reported mild fullness. None declared noticeable hollowness or fullness. While 81% (30) did not experience Frey’s syndrome, 5.4% (2) experienced mild symptoms without disability, and 13.5% (5) experienced debilitating symptoms. Out of 37 patients, 8 patients responded to a second questionnaire addressing the outcome of the abdominal graft donor site. In regard to the donor site, 87.5% (7) were satisfied or very satisfied from its cosmetic appearance, 75% (6) were not bothered by its cosmetic appearance, and 87.5% (7) had no discomfort at the graft donor site. Patients did not report any other symptom at the graft donor site. Conclusion: In this large series of total parotidectomies including malignant pathologies, autologous abdominal free DFFG effectively prevented Frey’s syndrome and preserved facial cosmesis in most patients.
Exploring the Peak-End Effects in Air Traffic Controllers’ Mental Workload Ratings
Authors: Qiao Han , Zhang Jingyu , Zhang Liang , Li Yazhe , Loft Shayne 
Published: March 2021

Objective This study examined whether professional air traffic controllers (ATCos) were subject to peak-end effects in reporting their mental workload after performing an air traffic control task, and in predicting their mental workload in future scenarios. Background In affective experience studies, people’s evaluation of a period of experience is strongly influenced by the most intense (peak) point and the endpoint. However, whether the effects exist in mental workload evaluations made by professional operators is still not known. Method In Study 1, 20 ATCos performed air traffic control scenarios on high-fidelity radar simulators and reported their mental workload. We used a 2 (high peak, low peak) × 2 (high end, low end) within-subject design. In Study 2, another group of 43 ATCos completed a survey asking them to predict their mental workload given the same air traffic control scenarios. Results In Study 1, ATCos reported higher mental workload after completing the high-peak and the high-end scenarios. In contrast, in Study 2, ATCos predicted the peak workload effect but not the end workload effect when asked to predict their experience in dealing with the same scenarios. Conclusion Peak and end effects exist in subjective mental workload evaluation, but experts only had meta-cognitive awareness of the peak effect, and not the end effect. Application Researchers and practitioners that use subjective workload estimates for work design decisions need to be aware of the potential impact of peak and end task demand effects on subjective mental workload ratings provided by expert operators.
The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth
Authors: Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Mistry Ritesh , Lee Daniel B. , Scott Briana A. , Eisman Andria B. , Heinze Justin E. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: We investigate whether exposure to violence (ETV) during adolescence and emerging adulthood predicts engagement in chronic disease-related health risk behaviors years later among African Americans. Design: A longitudinal study following youth from mid-adolescence (mean age = 14.8 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 32.0 years). Setting: Flint, Michigan. Sample: Four hundred forty-two African American (96.2%) and mixed African American and White (3.8%) participants. Measures: Outcomes were diet, smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity. Covariates were ETV, sex, mother’s educational attainment, and substance use by siblings, peers, and parents. Analysis: Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct patterns of adult health risk behaviors and assess the association of youth ETV and identified patterns. Results: Four latent profiles were identified: high substance use (n = 46; 10.41%) , high overall risk (n = 71; 16.06%) , low overall risk ( n = 140; 31.67%) and inactive (n = 185, 41.86%). Relative to the low overall risk profile, ETV was associated with being in the high overall risk profile (b = 0.37, p = 0.04), but not other profiles. Female gender and higher maternal education were associated with being in the inactive profile compared to the low overall risk profile. Peer alcohol and tobacco use were associated with being in the high substance use profile. Conclusion: ETV during adolescence and emerging adulthood increased the risk of engagement in multiple health risk behaviors later in life.
Additional value of auricular intradermal acupuncture alongside selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a single-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled preliminary clinical study
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Xiao-Ru , Wu Xiao-Jing , He Ti-Zhen , Miao Dan , Jiang Jin-Feng , Qiao Hui-Fen , Yeung Wing-Fai , Sun Zhi-Ling 
Published: March 2021

Background: To evaluate the antidepressant effects of auricular intradermal acupuncture (AIA) of areas innervated by both the auricular branch of the vagus nerve and the trigeminal nerve. Methods: Forty-nine patients with depression were randomly allocated into an AIA group ( n = 25) and a sham AIA group ( n = 24). Both groups received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as conventional treatment. The AIA group received AIA stimulation, and the sham AIA group received sham AIA, which constituted being subjected to an attached needle that did not penetrate the skin. The needles were retained for 4 h each session, with five sessions a week for a total duration of 2 weeks. The outcomes were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), five factors (sleep disorder, retardation, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety/somatization, and weight) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Results: Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to the AIA ( n = 27) and sham AIA group ( n = 27), of whom 25 patients in the AIA and 24 patients in the sham AIA group were analyzed. AIA-treated patients displayed a significantly greater reduction from baseline in HAMD-17 scores ( p = 0.03) and SDS scores ( p = 0.02) at week 2 compared to patients receiving sham AIA. The AIA intervention also produced a higher rate of clinically significant responses in sleep disorders ( p = 0.07) compared to sham AIA. No adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusion: According to the findings of this preliminary study, AIA appears to have additional value compared to SSRIs alone in treating patients with depressive disorder.
Neuro-Cognitive Profile of Morning and Evening Chronotypes at Different Times of Day
Authors: Venkat Nanditha , Sinha Meenakshi , Sinha Ramanjan , Ghate Jayshri , Pande Babita 
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronotype is the circadian time preference for sleep–wake timings. However, its impact on cognitive performance is least explored. Objective: The present study investigated the effect of chronotype (morning “M” vs. evening “E”) on cognitive measures as a function of time of the day. In addition, the correlation between electroencephalogram (EEG) waves and subjective/objective cognitive measures were investigated. Method: Cognitive status of 28 adult male subjects (15 “M” and 13 “E”) was assessed objectively through event-related potential (ERP) by administering visual odd ball paradigm test and subjectively through Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire. In addition, 20 to 30 min of resting EEG was recorded. Recordings were done from 8 to 10 am and from 4 to 6 pm on a single day. Power spectral analysis of EEG for alpha and beta waves at PZ and FZ cortical sites was done after subjecting selected epochs to fast Fourier transformation. Also, latency and amplitude of P300 potential from event-related potential record were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for analysis. Results: Higher alpha and beta power was observed in “E” at PZ in the evening. “M” showed increased P300 latency and amplitude during evening session for frequent and rare stimuli and vice versa in “E.”’ Significant negative correlation was seen between latency of rare stimuli and alpha and beta power at FZ site during evening in “E” chronotype only. Conclusion: Result indicates better attention and alertness during evening hours in evening chronotypes and vice versa in morning chronotypes. The findings could be implemented to schedule the mental performance/cognitive load according to individual chronotype.
Sclerochoroidal calcification as an incidental finding during oncological staging of a patient with parotid malignancy: A case report
Authors: Lassandro Nicola Vito , Danieli Luca , Nicolai Michele , Pirani Vittorio , Pelliccioni Paolo , Mariotti Cesare 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Incidental finding of mass lesion in the choroid represents a very challenging situation for the ophthalmologist. We describe a case of an incidental, computed tomography (CT)-hyperintense, choroidal lesion in a patient with parotid malignancy and renal failure, and how multimodal imaging helped us reaching the correct diagnosis. Case description: A 63-year-old man with parotid gland malignancy was brought to our attention because preoperative staging CT showed a hyperintense choroidal lesion of the right eye. Fundus examination showed a yellow elevated lesion near the superior temporal branch retinal artery. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), A- and B-scan ultrasonography, and Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) allowed us to exclude a malignant lesion and to diagnose a sclerochoroidal calcification. Conclusion: Multimodal imaging can guide the clinician to choose the appropriate therapeutic approach even in case of uncommon conditions like sclerochoroidal calcification.
Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish
Authors: Gradoville Michael , Waltermire Mark , Long Avizia 
Published: March 2021

Aims and objectives: While previous research has shown that phonetic variation in language contact situations is affected by whether a word has a cognate in the contact language, this paper aims to show that such an effect is not monotonic. According to the usage-based model, items in memory are organized according to similarity, thus we anticipated that formally more similar cognates would show a stronger cognate effect. Methodology: This variationist sociophonetic study investigates the relationship between cognate similarity and phonetic realization. We examined this relationship in the bilingual community of Rivera, Uruguay, in which both Portuguese and Spanish are spoken with regularity. Specifically, we focused on intervocalic /d/, which in monolingual Spanish is realized as an approximant [ð̞] or phonetic zero, but in monolingual Brazilian Portuguese is produced as a stop [d] or, in most varieties, an affricate [ʤ] before [i]. Data and analysis: We analyzed a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of the Spanish spoken in Rivera. Acoustic measurements were taken from approximately 60 tokens each from 40 different speakers. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the relationship between several predictors and the degree of constriction of intervocalic /d/. Findings/conclusions: While there is an overall frequency effect whereby more frequent words exhibit less constriction of intervocalic /d/, as both frequency and cognate similarity increase, less constriction of intervocalic /d/ obtains. Therefore, frequent cognates in Portuguese that have very similar forms affect the production of intervocalic /d/ more so than other cognates. Originality: No previous study has demonstrated that the cognate effect on phonetic variation in a situation of language contact is regulated by form similarity between cognate pairs. Significance/implications: The data support the usage-based model in that similar cognates have more lexical connections and can therefore show greater influence on phonetic realization than can cognates that share less phonetic material.
On becoming “essential”: Coronavirus lessons of ontology- from the migrant farmworker and us who consume the fruits of her labor
Authors: Benson Odessa Gonzalez 
Published: March 2021

During the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, the migrant farmworker came to be deemed as ‘essential’ worker, thereby complicating discourses of ‘illegality’. This moment presents an ontological paradox, allowing means for examining the simultaneity of discursivity and materiality within the migrant farmworker as subject. Reflecting upon the ‘ontological turn,’ this article presents four lessons of ontology: post-representation, a focus on objects/artifacts, posthumanism and the politicizing of ontology, gained from interrogating the unraveling of discourse about the migrant-other in the time of coronavirus. These lessons coalesce in the entwining of the powers of discourse with the presence of the tangible, to understand the profound contradictions between a social structure that doesn’t want the migrant as neighbor and a capitalist economy that needs her as laborer. In closing, the article considers how shifting the gaze inward as consumers and then outwards unto our relationality can be a political act.