bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does high COVID-19 spread impact neighbouring countries? Quasi-experimental evidence from the first year of the pandemic in Ireland
Authors: Ahmed Rakesh , May Peter 
Published: September 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has necessitated public health responses on an unprecedented scale. Controlling infectious diseases requires understanding of the conditions that increase spread. Prior studies have identified sociodemographic, epidemiological and geographic associations. Ireland offers an unusual opportunity to quantify how high infection rates in one country impacted cases in a neighbouring country. Methods: We analysed official statistics on confirmed COVID-19 cases on the island of Ireland for 52 weeks from March 2020. Our main research question was: Did higher cases in Northern Ireland (NI) impact the number of cases in the Republic of Ireland (ROI)? We used least squares regression to compare confirmed cases in ROI counties that border NI with the rest of the state. We included in our model sociodemographic, epidemiological and geographic factors. We employed the latitude of each county town as an instrumental variable to isolate a quasi-experimental estimate of the cross-border spread. Results: In the quasi-experimental framework, and controlling for population density, age distribution and circulatory disease prevalence, border counties had an extra 21.0 (95%CI: 8.4-33.6) confirmed COVID-19 cases per 1000 people. This equates to an estimated 9,611 additional cases in ROI, or 4% of the national total in the first year of the pandemic. Our results were substantively similar in non-experimental frameworks, with alternative additional predictors, and in sensitivity analyses. Additionally, population density in ROI counties was positively associated with confirmed cases and higher proportions of residents in the professional classes was negatively associated. Conclusion: On the island of Ireland during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, high infection rates in NI increased cases in the neighbouring ROI. Maximising co-ordination of pandemic responses among neighbouring countries is essential to minimising disease spread, and its associated disruptions to society and the economy. Socioeconomic disadvantage appeared to confer significant additional risk of spread.
Demonstratiivpronoomenid ja -adverbid määratlejatena. Miks me oleme siin ilmas, selles olukorras?
Authors: Hint Helen , Taremaa Piia , Reile Maria , Pajusalu Renate 
Published: September 2021

Kokkuvõte. Artiklis analüüsime eesti keele demonstratiivide referentsiaalseid omadusi sellistes konstruktsioonides, kus demonstratiivid kuuluvad definiitse määratlejana nimisõnafraasi koosseisu. Otsime vastust küsimusele, mille poolest erinevad demonstratiivadverb (nt siin, seal) ning demonstratiivpronoomen (see, too), kui need esinevad määratlejana koos kohakäändes nimisõnafraasiga (vrd siin koolis ja selles koolis). Oleme püstitanud hüpoteesi, et demonstratiivadverbid seostuvad ruumitähendust väljendavate substantiividega, demonstratiivpronoomenid esinevad aga nende substantiividega, mille referent on mitteruumiline. Uurimuse andmestik pärineb 2017. aasta eesti keele ühendkorpusest, kust oleme võtnud 100 lauset iga demonstratiivi kohta igas kohakäändes, seega kokku 2400 lauset. Materjali analüüsime kvantitatiivselt (tingimuslike otsustuspuude ja juhumetsadega) ning kvalitatiivselt. Uurimuse tulemused kinnitavad, et substantiivi semantilised omadused, täpsemalt substantiivi semantiline klass ning konkreetsus, on seotud määratleja valikuga. Kohatähenduses substantiividega esineb määratlejana sagedamini demonstratiivadverb, mittekoha tähenduses substantiivide määratlejana kasutatakse aga demonstratiivpronoomenit. Mittekohta tähistavate substantiivide korral mõjutab määratleja valikut omakorda sõna konkreetsus. Seega on võimalik demonstratiivseid määratlejaid eesti keeles kasutada referenti looval viisil.
Abstract. Helen Hint, Piia Taremaa, Maria Reile, Renate Pajusalu: Demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs as determiners in Estonian: why are we in “here world” in “this situation”? We investigate the variation of definite determiner constructions in Estonian: noun phrases with a demonstrative pronoun (see ‘this’, too ‘that’) or demonstrative adverb (siin ‘here’, seal ‘there’) as a determiner are contrasted. The question is what differentiates the use of a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative adverb if used in a determiner position in an NP. The data from Estonian National Corpus 2017 were tagged for semantic class of a noun, noun concreteness, and verb type. We collected 100 clauses for each sub-construction (six spatial cases crossed with four determiner forms), 2400 clauses in total. For statistical analysis, we used conditional random forests and inference trees. We show that nouns expressing spatial meaning prefer demonstrative adverbs as determiners, while non-spatial nouns combine with demonstrative pronouns. Spatiality-wise polysemous nouns exhibit more varied preferences. Adverbial determiners are more probably used with concrete nouns, and abstract nouns co-occur with pronominals. Overall, the frequency of demonstrative adverbs as NP attributes confirms that demonstrative adverbs are productive determiners in Estonian.
The alternation between exterior locative cases and postpositions in Estonian web texts
Authors: Klavan Jane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. A probabilistic grammar approach to language assumes that grammatical knowledge has a probabilistic component and that this probabilistic knowledge of language is derived from language experience. It is assumed that the extent and nature of grammatical knowledge is reflected in language variation. In the present paper, the probabilistic variation patterns of the Estonian exterior locative cases and the corresponding postpositions are determined by exploring a large, manually annotated dataset of Estonian web texts. It is proposed that there are both similarities and differences in the morphosyntactic knowledge on the part of Estonian speakers as pertains to the three alternations: allative ~ peale ‘onto’, adessive ~ peal ‘on’, ablative ~ pealt ‘off’. The study points towards the stability and direction of the factors that have been found significant in the previous studies. Multivariate analysis of corpus data shows that the grammatical knowledge of Estonian exterior cases and the corresponding postpositions is probabilistic and regulated by both morphosyntactic and semantic factors.
Kokkuvõte. Jane Klavan: Eesti keele väliskohakäänete ja kaassõnade peal, peale, pealt kasutus eestikeelses veebis. Tõenäosusliku grammatika raamistikus eeldatakse, et grammatiline teadmine hõlmab endas tõenäosuslikku komponenti ja et see tõenäosuslik komponent pärineb suures osas keele kasutuse kogemusest. Sellistelt põhimõtetelt lähtuvate uurimuste eesmärgiks on mõõta grammatilise teadmise ulatust ja olemust nagu see peegeldub keelelises varieeruvuses. Esitan suuremahulise korpusuurimuse eesti keele väliskohakäänete ja nendega rööpselt tarvitatavate kaassõnade (peale, peal, pealt) paralleelsest kasutusest eestikeelsetel veebilehtedel. Korpusandmete multifaktoriaalne analüüs näitab, et grammatiline teadmine sellest rööpsest kasutusest on tõenäosuslik ja et seda reguleerivad nii morfosüntaktilised kui semantilised tegurid.
Pedagogical Conditions for Practice-Oriented Teaching of Mathematics to Students of Natural Sciences
Authors: Tugul'chieva V. 
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the methodology for the implementation of practice-oriented activities of students in the study of mathematics at a university. It is noted that at present, it is relevant to introduce pedagogical technologies into the educational process that ensure the achievement of students' personal educational results in the course of specially organized educational and cognitive activities. In this aspect, the work emphasizes that the creation of a practice-oriented educational environment of the university, as a pedagogical condition for the implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, contributes to the introduction of new knowledge into the educational process that is significant for vocational training and the formation of practical experience of their use to solve problems not only in the professional field of activity.
The relevance of practice-oriented learning lies in a significant increase in the effectiveness of training based on a system of selection of educational material that helps students assess the significance, practical relevance of acquired knowledge and skills.
The demand for mathematical knowledge is beyond doubt, it is necessary in almost all areas related to the natural sciences, technical and engineering professions, and economics.
The relevance of practice-oriented teaching of mathematics is increasing in the context of the dominance of the competence-based approach, which combines the intellectual and practical components of learning in education. Mathematics, by virtue of its specificity, the fundamental nature of the content, becomes the basis for the natural-mathematical training of future specialists. It is emphasized that in the digital era, which most vividly reflected the connection of mathematics with natural, technical and many other sciences, as well as growing high-tech processes, automation and robotization of production, it is important to ensure the advanced nature of the mathematical training of students at the university, including the natural sciences. In the context of the stated research topic, the problem field of research is determined, which consists in resolving the contradiction between the need for a scientifically grounded selection of the content of the mathematics course for students, identifying the methodological features of its teaching and the spontaneously developing practice of teaching mathematics to students of the natural sciences.
Cândido de Oliveira
Authors: Fontes Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Cândido de Oliveira ficou na história como o maior técnico de futebol português dos anos 30 a 50 do século XX. Treinou dois dos maiores clubes de Portugal, o Futebol Clube do Porto e o Sporting Clube de Portugal, e dirigiu durante vários anos a Seleção Nacional. Na sua curta carreira de futebolista foi capitão nas equipas que representou, o Casa Pia e o Benfica, e ainda da primeira seleção portuguesa, em 1921. Como jornalista desportivo foi um inovador da crónica e reportagem, que utilizou para criticar o Estado Novo nas políticas para o desporto. Foi fundador, em 1945, do jornal A Bola. O seu estatuto de personalidade do futebol levou a Liga de Clubes em Portugal a atribuir o seu nome à Supertaça.
A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, neste artigo põe-se em evidência uma faceta pouco conhecida de Cândido de Oliveira, a de antifascista, que o levou a cooperar com a espionagem inglesa para travar uma possível invasão de Portugal pela Alemanha, na II Guerra Mundial. Detido pela Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado (PVDE), em 1942, foi torturado e deportado para o Campo de Concentração do Tarrafal, onde permaneceu 18 meses. No regresso foi demitido das elevadas funções que desempenhava nos CTT de Portugal. Este artigo centra-se particularmente na atividade clandestina que precedeu a detenção e no período nas prisões políticas do Estado Novo.
Assessment of laboratory test request forms for completeness
Authors: Udeh Chioma , Olayanju Olatunde , Awah Nnaemeka , Bamidele Olabisi , Eseile Bola , Okwonkwo Onyinye , Odok Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

Background: Laboratory test request forms usually accompany patientâ€™s samples to the laboratory, providing biodata and clinical details of the patient. This information is for purposes of identification and guiding pathologists to accurately interpret patientâ€™s result. Clinicians however do not usually provide all the required information, thus making interpretation difficult. The frequency of such incompleteness is assessed in this study.Methods: Laboratory request forms received at the Chemical Pathology laboratory between July and September 2020 were assessed for completeness of all the required parameters. Parameters analyzed in this study included age, gender, hospital number, location, clinical information, name of requesting physician and the date of request. Frequency of missing parameters were expressed as proportions (%) of the total omissions.Results: There were 1906 request forms received during the course of this study and 789 (41.4%) of them had at least one missing parameter. Apart from patientsâ€™ names, nature of sample and the requested investigation, all other parameters were omitted at one time or the other making a total of 1117 omissions. Age (287; 25.7%) hospital number (264; 23.6%) and clinical information (246; 22%) were the most commonly omitted parameters. Majority of the omissions (69%) were from the outpatient clinics, 20% were from the wards while 10% of the forms had no ward or clinic indicated.Conclusion: Incomplete filling of laboratory test request forms is a regular occurrence among clinicians. Effort must be made to continually sensitize them of the importance of each of the required parameters to ensure a visible improvement.Â Â
Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wu Tingguan , He Yonghong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the pathogen that causes leaf blast on Amomum tsao-ko repeatedly infected the plants in a large area of Luchun County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The disease is caused by the pathogen Pyricularia variabilis. The effects of light, temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources on the growth of the pathogen were determined, and its sensitivity to six fungicides was determined using the mycelial growth rate method. The optimal conditions for mycelial growth were as follows: temperature: 20–25°C; carbon source: maltose, nitrogen source beef extract, media corn flour, and potato dextrose agar. The mycelia could grow under four types of light conditions: 24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, and 16 h light/8 h dark. In addition, Propiconazole was the most effective inhibitor, with an EC50 value of 0.030 μg/mL, and prochloraz was the second most effective, with an EC50 value of 0.076 μg/mL. It is suggested that the two fungicides should be alternated when used in production. Carbendazim and chlorothalonil were ineffective in inhibiting the fungus, with EC50 values of 6.137 and 3.765 μg/mL, respectively.
‘Britones a Troianis duxerunt originem’: Historia Meriadoci, De ortu Waluuanii and their Galfridian companion-text in BL MS Cotton Faustina B VI
Authors: Crofts Thomas H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When a reader encounters the Latin romances Historia Meriadoci and De ortu Waluuanii in BL MS Cotton Faustina B VI, the romances are only the first two in a set of three texts copied by the same scribe on the same occasion. The third text, following directly on De ortu Waluuanii, is an abstract of books 1–6 of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s De gestis Britonum. While valuable in its own right as a witness to the DGB’s use and manuscript circulation, the abstract is presented and investigated here for what it may tell us about the Latin romances’ own transmission and reception, which have long been shrouded in mystery. As I argue, the abstract’s juxtaposition with the romances is no accident, and figures importantly in the romances’ presentation. Much as the opening stanzas of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight set the stage for King Arthur, in fact, the Latin synopsis begins with the fall of Troy and Brutus’ foundation of Britain before (much more expansively than the Gawain-poet) recounting the war and wrack of early British history, concluding with Merlin’s revelation to Vortigern of the warring dragons. In this and other ways this Galfridian abstract causes the Latin romances to quicken with correspondences to Geoffrey’s work; this effect may even suggest for the romances a date of composition not distant from that of the DGB itself. By exploring the interpretive possibilities of this widened manuscript context, the present paper seeks to initiate a re-examination of these mysterious Latin romances in relation to their Galfridian companion-text. This article concludes with an edition of the abstract itself, which until now has not been edited or translated.
Surprised by Percival: Arthurian Transtextuality and the Reader in George MacDonald’s Phantastes
Authors: Gabelman Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Arthurian aspects of George MacDonald’s Phantastes (1858) have been overlooked in Arthurian studies and downplayed in MacDonald scholarship. To fill this gap, the first section of this article examines the opening paratexts of the first edition (title, subtitles, epigraphs) tracing their Arthurian echoes and allusions. The second section focuses on a key architext, Sir Percival’s quest for the Holy Grail, suggesting that Anodos rather than the unnamed knight is the character most informed by Percival. Simultaneously, the article draws on reader response theory and Derrida’s poststructuralism to argue that Phantastes is a highly self-reflexive, metafictional work intended to disrupt normal reading and writing practices in order to initiate the reader into a more open, transformative mode of reading.
Protocol of the BEST SIBS study: a qualitative case study to investigate the roles and responsibilities of siblings of youth with a neurodisability during health care transition
Authors: Nguyen Linda , Jack Susan M. , Di Rezze Briano , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Children and youth with neurodisabilities may experience different challenges during their transition to adulthood, such as pursuing postsecondary education, finding employment, and navigating a new adult health care system. Families, including siblings, have an important role in the process for when youth with neurodisabilities are transitioning to adulthood. Siblings are in a unique position, where they can have different roles such as a friend, mentor, or caregiver. Siblings can offer various supports to their brother or sister with a neurodisability, but they require knowledge and skills for these different supporting roles. Currently, there are limited programs available for siblings to learn how to support their brother or sister with a neurodisability during transition. A first step to develop these sibling support programs is to understand the experiences of siblings of youth with a neurodisability. The purpose of this report is to describe a protocol of a qualitative case study aimed at examining the experiences of siblings including their roles and responsibilities to their brother or sister with a neurodisability during health care transition.

Methods
An exploratory single case study design will be used. An integrated knowledge translation approach to conducting this study will be used by partnering with the Sibling Youth Advisory Council comprised of siblings who have a brother or sister with a disability throughout all study phases. Participants will include siblings (ages 14–40 years old) with a brother or sister (ages 14–21 years old) with a neurodisability in Ontario, Canada. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted, that will be augmented by photo elicitation and drawings of family tree diagrams. Data will be analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Discussion
Findings from this study will be shared with siblings, families, researchers, and the broader community. It is important to understand the roles and responsibilities that siblings are choosing to have to support their brother or sister with a neurodisability, and how these roles may change over time as their sibling is growing up and transitions to adulthood. Siblings may require knowledge and skills in these roles, and an understanding about siblings’ experiences in certain roles can help to inform the development of a resource to support siblings during health care transition.
An Obligation of Thanks (2Thess 1,3): Gift and Return in Divine-Human Relationships
Authors: Brookins Timothy A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The wording of the thanksgiving formula in 2Thess 1,3 (“we ought to give thanks to God”) departs from the pattern found in the undisputed Pauline letters (“I/we give thanks to God”). This article argues that previous explanations for the change fail to identify the cultural significance of the language of “obligation” (“ought”). This language indicates neither that the Thessalonians had denied Paul’s previous praise, nor that the Thessalonians’ merit induced stronger language than usual, nor that the author lacked a personal relationship with the audience and was not Paul. Rather, the language of “obligation,” in connection with reference to the gift(s) of the gods / God and thanksgiving as a proper return, relates to ancient conceptions of benefaction as seen in in Greco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish sources.
Wie kommt Nero ins Petrus-Martyrium?
Authors: Witetschek Stephan 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Erst ganz am Ende der Petrusakten (MartPetr 12/ActPetr 41) tritt Kaiser Nero in der Erzählung vom Martyrium des Petrus auf. Er kommt aber zu spät, das Martyrium fand ohne ihn statt, und so nimmt sich seine Erwähnung am Ende der Erzählung etwas seltsam aus. Dieser Beitrag bietet dafür eine Deutung, die den kurzen Hinweis auf Nero im Kontext der christlichen und römischen Erinnerung an Nero versteht, den malus princeps, der bald auch als der erste Christenverfolger ins Gedächtnis einging. Anscheinend konnten christliche Apologeten aus der Erinnerung an Repressalien unter Nero Kapital schlagen, indem sie ihre eigene Bewegung auf eine Stufe mit der römischen Elite stellten, die bereits eine düstere Erinnerung an Nero als Tyrann kultiviert hatte.
“MY FIRST SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE” VIDEO-ANIMATION-BASED FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGED 4-6 YEARS FROM SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Zuhriyah Siti , Ndari Susianty Selaras 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop media “my first sexual knowledge" based on animated videos for the protection of children from sexual violence aged 4-6 years. The research method carried out by the researcher is the method research and Development. The development used is qualitative and quantitative according to the model ADDIE which consists of four components: Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery and Evaluations. This video has been validated by media experts with the final assessment results of 98.75% and 97.58%. Besides being validated by media experts and material experts, this video has also been tested on a small scale on 16 children accompanied by parents with the results of 85.03% and 90.20% has been tested on a large scale on 34 children accompanied by parents. small and large scale trials are categorized as very good. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, the video my first sexual knowledge is a reference for educators and parents to provide education to children so that they are protected from acts of sexual violence.