bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internalizing psychopathology and all‐cause mortality: a comparison of transdiagnostic vs. diagnosis‐based risk prediction
Authors: Kim Hyunsik , Turiano Nicholas A. , Forbes Miriam K. , Kotov Roman , Krueger Robert F. , Eaton Nicholas R. ,   HiTOP Utility Workgroup
Published: May 2021

Previous studies have documented the utility of a transdiagnostic internalizing factor in predicting important future outcomes (e.g., subsequent mental disorder diagnoses). To date, however, no study has investigated whether an internalizing factor predicts mortality risk. Also, while pre­vious studies of mortality risk have emphasized its associations with particular internalizing disorders, no study has assessed how the transdiagnostic internalizing factor vs. disorder‐specific variance differently predict that risk. The primary aims of this study were to explore: a) whether the internalizing factor predicts mortality risk, b) whether particular internalizing psychopathologies uniquely predict mortality risk over and beyond the transdiagnostic internalizing factor, and c) whether there is a significant interaction of internalizing with self‐reported health in the prediction of mortality risk. We utilized a large national sample of American adults from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), a longitudinal study that examined midlife development of individuals across multiple waves between 1995 and 2015. Data were analyzed for the 6,329 participants who completed the phone interview and self‐administered questionnaire in MIDUS 1 (1995‐1996) and were then followed up until October 31, 2015 or until death. To investigate the association between internalizing and mortality risk, we used the semi‐parametric proportional hazards Cox model, where survival time was regressed on a latent internalizing factor. Overall findings indicate that a transdiagnostic internalizing factor significantly predicts mortality risk over a 20‐year period (hazard ratio, HR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.16, p<0.01) and that internalizing outperforms disorder‐specific variance (e.g., depression‐specific variance) in the prediction of that risk. Further, there was a significant interaction between transdiagnostic internalizing and self‐reported health, whereby internalizing psychopathology had a specific association with early death for individuals with excellent self‐reported health condition (HR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.17‐1.84, p<0.05). This highlights the clinical utility of using the transdiagnostic internalizing factor for prediction of an important future outcome, and supports the argument that internalizing psychopathology can be a meaningful liability to explore in public health practice.
On the importance of proper kernel normalization procedure in nonlocal integral continuum modeling of nanobeams
Authors: Anjomshoa Amin , Hassani Behrooz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing the bending analysis accuracy of nanobeams employing the nonlocal integral (NI) models is the subject of this paper. It is shown in this study that if the kernel of the NI model is not properly normalized, the natural boundary conditions will be violated and the deflections will be noticeably overestimated. Two kernel normalization procedures, borrowed from other disciplines, are rigorously examined and their influence on the nanobeam deflections is studied in detail. It is shown that one of these procedures, which has recently been used for the analysis of nanobeams, causes the NI model to show both softening and hardening behaviors with unexpected convergence to the classical continuum model for very large nonlocal parameters. This surprising behavior, makes the NI model incapable of being calibrated in some cases and may lead to two distinct calibrated nonlocal parameters which is confusing. This is confirmed here via a comparison with atomistic models. The other normalization scheme shows a consistent softening behavior without such shortcomings and therefore is proposed here for bending analysis of nanobeams. Effect of kernel function distribution, as a representative of interatomic cohesive forces, and edge support condition on the maximum deflection of normalized nonlocal nanobeam model is also thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the effect of surface energy is also investigated via a combined model.
Dust Storm Satellite Images
Authors: Al-Obed Meshari , Uddin Sief , Ramadhan Ashraf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

DATA of Aerosol Robotic Network (Aeronet) stations and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were obtained to get valuable and reliable information about the occurrence of dust events. In addition to Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) provide informative and long dust events record.

To analyze the dust time series, monthly, annual and seasonal linear trends are applied to the dust time series. This is achieved by summing the total number of dusty hours for each month and then the total number of dusty days for the month is calculated.

Dust trend analysis includes; annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn with the rate of change.

Dust frequency of seasons in days/season before and after sorting in a descending manner from 1984 to 2013.

Satelliteimagesuse for PM2.5 Estimation and concentrations

Remote sensing-based measurements

Calibration of Field and Laboratory Equipment.

Particle concentrations in different size ranges and the total suspended particulate matter in the air in Kuwait.

Dust deposition rates were monitored and analyzed in Kuwait at the northern ArabianGulf to estimate quantities of fallen dust within major eight dust trajectories in the ArabianGulf.

Kuwait is surrounded by five major sources of dust rather than intermediate dust source areas that are listed.

Satelliteimages from 2000 to 2010 were used to identify major dust trajectories within seven major deserts in the world.
Dust Particle Size and Statistical Parameters
Authors: Al-Dousari Noor , Ahmed Modi , Al-Dousari Ali , Al-Daihani Musaad , Al-Elaj Murahib 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrain ‘size’ can be specified and measured in several different ways. All methods of grain size determination have blemishes, and the choice of the most appropriate method is governed by the nature of the sample and the use to which the data are placed. Four main methods are currently used for size analysis of sands: (a) sieving; (b) settling tube analysis; (c) electro-optical methods, including Coulter Counter analysis and laser granulometry; and (d) computerized image analysis. The classification of the particle size distribution of Kuwait dust was mapped according to the parameters proposed by Folk And Ward (1957) which were widely used for quantitative comparisons between natural grain size distribution and the lognormal distribution that shows better sorted sediments have lower values of σ1. Maps of the distribution of dust in Kuwait were obtained that included: fine sand (F.S.), Coarse sand (C.S), Medium Sand (M.S), Very Fine Sane (V.F.S), Very Coarse Silt (V.C.Silt), Coarse Silt (C.Silt), Medium Silt (M.Silt), Fine Silt (F.Silt), Very Fine Silt (V.F.Silt), in addition to that, the deposition percentage of Clay, Sand, mud (silt plus clay) and silt were provided.
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)
Authors: Al-Dousari Ali , Al-Mutawaa Fatin , Al-Mansour Hanan , Mandekar Badreya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The crushed powder from defined dust particlesize fractions was analyzed using inductively coupled spectrometry plasma (ICP) for major and trace elements.

The ICP was used for the determination of concentrations of trace elements and six major elements: (Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K) and five minor elements (Ba, Cr, V, Ti, and Pb). They are quoted in part per million (ppm).

Maps showing high and low concentrations of ICPamong Kuwait.
Deposited Rates of Radionuclides
Authors: Aba Abdulaziz , Ismaeel Anfal , Al-Boloushi Aisha , Al-Shammari Hanadi , Al-Boloushi Omar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Radionuclides in Dust Fallout.

The depositional fluxes of the natural radionuclides (40K, 210Pb, and 7Be) and the man-made radionuclides (137Cs) have been calculated using efficiency calibrated ultra-low background gamma spectrometry in nine sampling sites covering Kuwait.

Maps showing high and low concentrations of radionuclides distribution among Kuwait.
Spectro Absorption
Authors: Al-Awadhi Safaa , Al-Shemali Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Ultraviolet–visible UV-VIS. Varian Bio Cary 100 UV–VIS instrument was used for measuring the spectrum of dust samples.

The certified materials according to Lab sphere SRS. 99–020 were used and the dust samples were placed in a cuvette (10 mm) and placed on the diffuse reflectance accessory.

Measurement was done with respect to the reference. The UV–VIS spectra cover the regions from 900 to 190 nm which includes the near-infrared region, visible light regions, and ultraviolet regions.

The FT-IR data shows the different chemical content of dust in the scanning of what possible compounds can be found in dust particles for required further analysis.

The dust absorption of the light spectrum in Kuwait was revealed in maps according to seasons showing higher and lower concentrations of light absorption of ultraviolet, violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, red, infrared.
Economic Accounts and Financial Systems
Authors: Bindseil Ulrich , Fotia Alessio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the system of accounts of the main sectors of the economy (households; non-financial corporations, the government; banks, and the central bank), describing how these sectors are interrelated through financial claims and liabilities. A financial system, consisting of commercial banks and the central bank, manages flows of funds originating from households, without these flows causing a need for the real sectors to liquidate illiquid real assets. The basic types of assets and liabilities are: real goods, gold, banknotes, deposits, bonds, loans, and equity. We explain how the shortcomings of both IOU and commodity-money based financial systems can be solved via establishing a central bank. A central bank is defined here by its balance sheet and central bank money is the central bank’s basic liability. Both monetary policy implementation and lender of last resort issues relate to liquidity flows within balance sheets. Understanding the logic of basic financial flows is therefore the basis for understanding central banking.
The Case of Formula E
Authors: Næss Hans Erik , Tjønndal Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCalls for research and practices with regard to sport management innovation are plenty. In this chapter we introduce why the electric racing world championship Formula E can be a relevant case study for a model of sport management innovation. Besides introducing our fivefold perspective on innovation (organizational, technological, commercial, social and community-based), the basics of Formula E and our approach to theoretical modelling, the chapter explains how the rest of the book is structured.
Der Umgang mit Notfallklassifikationen – Wo stehen wir?
Authors: Brosin A. , Kropp P. , Reuter D. A. , Janda M. 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist eine aktuelle Standortbestimmung im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung der Empfehlungen zur Klassifikation von Notfalloperationen, welche von den Verbänden BDA/DGAI, BDC/DGCH und VOPM im Jahr 2016 veröffentlicht wurden.

Methodik
In Anlehnung an die gemeinsamen Empfehlungen der Fachverbände wurden mithilfe eines Online-Fragebogens verschiedene organisatorische Aspekte der operativen Notfallversorgung untersucht. Hierzu wurden bundesweit OP-Manager/‑Koordinatoren an operativ tätigen Kliniken mit einer Mindestanzahl von 200 Betten befragt.

Ergebnisse
An der Umfrage beteiligten sich 274 der 550 angeschriebenen Kliniken (49,8 %). Die Empfehlungen werden aktuell in 70,7 % der Häuser umgesetzt. Die Auffassung, dass die Notfallklassifizierung die zeitgerechte Notfallversorgung von Patienten verbessert, teilt eine Mehrheit von 78,2 % der OP-Verantwortlichen. 33,6 % sind allerdings auch der Ansicht, dass die definierten Zeitintervalle zur Umsetzung der Notfälle die Möglichkeit einer subjektiven Auslegung bieten. Zusätzliche hausinterne Empfehlungen zu den am häufigsten auftretenden Notfallindikationen würden 80,1 % als hilfreich erachten; in 39,1 % der Häuser sind diese bereits implementiert. 65,2 % der Krankenhäuser halten für die Versorgung von Notfällen keine zusätzliche Notfallkapazität vor, 30,1 % arbeiten hingegen mit definierten Konzepten zur Sicherstellung der bedarfsgerechten Verfügbarkeit von Saalkapazitäten.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Empfehlungen zur Notfallklassifikation sind über alle Versorgungsstufen hinweg in der klinischen Realität Deutschlands angekommen und werden von der großen Mehrheit der OP-Verantwortlichen als hilfreiches Instrument in der OP-Koordination erachtet. Zusätzliche, indikationsbezogene Empfehlungen zur Klassifizierung der am häufigsten auftretenden Notfalleingriffe werden mehrheitlich befürwortet. Das Vorhalten eines definierten Notfallsaales ist entgegen bisherigen Annahmen in der deutschen Krankenhauslandschaft nahezu die Ausnahme.
Geometrical deviation of end-of-life parts as a consequence of reshaping by single point incremental forming
Authors: Zaheer Omer , Ingarao Giuseppe , Pirrotta Antonina , Fratini Livan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPutting in place circular economy strategies is an urgent challenge to face. In this scenario, manufacturing processes play a relevant role as efficient material reuse enabler. Scientists have to make an effort either to find new process or to rethink old process to reprocess end-of-life (EoL) component to recover both material and functions. In this paper, single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is used for reshaping sheet metal EoL components. The entire process chain was replicated including both deep drawing process (to imitate the end-of-life component) as well as SPIF operations (to obtain the reshaped components). The geometrical deviation as a consequence of SPIF operations was studied; two different SPIF directions (named inwards and outwards) were analyzed. A wide experimental campaign along with statistical analyses was developed to analyze effects of some geometrical parameters on the observed geometrical deviation. The results are promising as limited distortions were observed and sound components were obtained in all the analyzed process configurations. Despite that, some research is still needed to better standardize the reshaping process and bring it closer to an industrial applicability.
Uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries: a comparative study and discussion of factors influencing implementation and uptake of biosimilars
Authors: Azuz Samuel , Newton Max , Bartels Dorthe , Poulsen Birgitte Klindt 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries.

Methods
European data for usage of trastuzumab was supplied by IQVIA™, using the MIDAS® dataset. A comparison was performed based on market share estimated in sales volume. A separate comparison was undertaken between countries with a full two-fold switch between different biosimilars. Data was collected spanning the time from first registered sales of biosimilar trastuzumab until the 1st quarter of 2020.

Results
Denmark had the fastest and most thorough uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab compared with other EU countries. After 3 months, the market share of biosimilar trastuzumab had increased to 90% while the second fastest country had a 50% market share after 3 months. Only two other countries had undergone a full second switch between biosimilars, Hungary and Norway. All of the three countries made near complete switches between biosimilars while only Denmark had reduced the use of biooriginator below 10%.

Conclusion
The implementation of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark was rapid and achieved high overall uptake compared with other EU countries. The switch from one biosimilar to another was also achieved quickly and thoroughly. We believe that the rapid dissemination of information and involvement of all stakeholders — administrators, pharmacies, prescribers, nurses, and patients — constitute the backbone of the Danish success. A similar strategy is recommend for biosimilar implementation in other countries.
$$\epsilon \kappa $$-Curves: controlled local curvature extrema
Authors: Miura Kenjiro T. , Gobithaasan R. U. , Salvi Péter , Wang Dan , Sekine Tadatoshi , Usuki Shin , Inoguchi Jun-ichi , Kajiwara Kenji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe $$\kappa $$
κ
-curve is a recently published interpolating spline which consists of quadratic Bézier segments passing through input points at the loci of local curvature extrema. We extend this representation to control the magnitudes of local maximum curvature in a new scheme called extended- or $$\epsilon \kappa $$

ϵ
κ

-curves.$$\kappa $$
κ
-curves have been implemented as the curvature tool in Adobe Illustrator® and Photoshop® and are highly valued by professional designers. However, because of the limited degrees of freedom of quadratic Bézier curves, it provides no control over the curvature distribution. We propose new methods that enable the modification of local curvature at the interpolation points by degree elevation of the Bernstein basis as well as application of generalized trigonometric basis functions. By using $$\epsilon \kappa $$

ϵ
κ

-curves, designers acquire much more ability to produce a variety of expressions, as illustrated by our examples.
Fachkräfteentwicklung in der Rheumatologie
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Bruns Luzia , Hoeper Kirsten , Witte Torsten , Ernst Diana , Jablonka Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Fachkräftemangel in der Rheumatologie in Deutschland ist als Versorgungsproblem erkannt. Die Gesundheitspolitik hat mit neuen Planungszielen reagiert, aber es fehlen effektive Interventionsstrategien. Ziel dieser Studie ist ein systematischer berufsstruktureller Überblick, um die Grundlage für Interventionen zu verbessern und Möglichkeiten für ein effektives Fachkräftemanagement aufzuzeigen.

Methode
Die WHO National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) dienen als konzeptioneller Rahmen. Ausgewählt werden 4 Indikatoren: Personalbestand, Arbeitsmarktbewegungen, Komposition und Weiterbildung. Die Exploration von Entwicklungstrends stützt sich auf vergleichende Analysen von Altersgruppen und Zeitreihen. Die Erhebung nutzt öffentliche Statistiken und andere Sekundärliteratur; die Auswertung erfolgt deskriptiv.

Ergebnisse
In Deutschland sind 1076 Ärzt*innen mit einer Facharztqualifikation oder Schwerpunktbezeichnung in der internistischen Rheumatologie ärztlich tätig. Die absolute Zahl verdoppelte sich seit 2000 deutlich (91 %), aber mit einem demografischen Bias. Im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2019 stieg die Zahl der über 50-Jährigen deutlich, aber die der unter 50-Jährigen nur um 9 %; seit 2010 sind die Zahlen in der Gruppe 40 bis 50 Jahre rückläufig. Im Jahr 2019 waren mehr Rheumatolog*innen im Rentenalter als unter 40-Jährige ärztlich tätig. Seit 2015 schwächt sich der steigende Trend insgesamt ab, aber am stärksten im Krankenhaussektor; die Weiterbildungen lassen keine konstante Steigerung erkennen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Berufsstrukturelle Trends zeigen, dass die gesundheitspolitischen Planziele mit den verfügbaren Humanressourcen nicht zu erreichen sind. Gefordert ist ein besseres Fachkräftemanagement, insbesondere durch Innovation der Weiterbildung, Aufgabenverschiebung und verbesserte Geschlechtergerechtigkeit.
Effects of normobaric hypoxic endurance training on fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized prospective pilot study
Authors: Zrzavy Tobias , Pfitzner Anna , Flachenecker Peter , Rommer Paulus , Zettl Uwe Klaus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), causing a major impact on quality-of-life. Non-pharmacological intervention strategies involve physical activity, which has been shown to reduce fatigue. Training under normobaric hypoxic conditions is thought to improve the response to endurance training and may, therefore, have an additional benefit over normoxic training conditions in MS patients.

Objective
To compare the effects of endurance training under hypoxic and normoxic conditions on fatigue, mobility and spasticity in patients with MS during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods
Thirty-nine patients with MS were assigned within a randomized prospective longitudinal pilot study to (1) a routine clinical rehabilitation program, (2) a routine clinical rehabilitation program + normoxic endurance training and (3) a routine clinical rehabilitation program + hypoxic endurance training for 14 days. Fatigue (WEIMuS and MFIS), spasticity (MSSS-88) and walking endurance (6MinWT) were assessed at days 0, 7 and 14.

Results
Fatigue scores improved significantly in all groups, but these improvements were reached faster in the groups which additionally received endurance training (normoxic p = 0.004; hypoxic p = 0.002). Spasticity scores were significantly lower in endurance training groups at the end of the study compared to baseline (normoxic p = 0.048, hypoxic p = 0.012), while only the hypoxic group increased significantly in 6MinWT (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that endurance training provides substantial benefit to neurological rehabilitation programs. Endurance training under hypoxic conditions could positively influence walking endurance within a 2-week training intervention and warrants further investigations.
Impact of high temperatures on aluminoceladonite studied by Mössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Kądziołka-Gaweł Mariola , Czaja Maria , Dulski Mateusz , Krzykawski Tomasz , Szubka Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to examine the effects of temperature on the structure of two aluminoceladonite samples. The process of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions started at about 350 °C for the sample richer in Al and at 300 °C for the sample somewhat lower Al-content. Mössbauer results show that this process may be associated with dehydroxylation or even initiate it. The first stage of dehydroxylation takes place at a temperature > 350 °C when the adjacent OH groups are replaced with a single residual oxygen atom. Up to ~500 °C, Fe ions do not migrate from cis-octahedra to trans-octahedra sites, but the coordination number of polyhedra changes from six to five. This temperature can be treated as the second stage of dehydroxylation. The temperature dependence on the integral intensity ratio between bands centered at ~590 and 705 cm−1 (I590/I705) clearly reflects the temperature at which six-coordinated polyhedra are transformed into five-coordinated polyhedra. X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained in the region of the Si2p, Al2p, Fe2p, K2p and O1s core levels, highlighted a route to identify the position of Si, Al, K and Fe cations in a structure of layered silicates with temperature. All the measurements show that the sample with a higher aluminum content and a lower iron content in octahedral sites starts to undergo a structural reorganization at a relatively higher temperature than the less aluminum-rich sample does. This suggests that iron may perform an important role in the initiation of the dehydroxylation of aluminoceladonites.