bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic values and immune suppression of the S100A family in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhuang Hongkai , Chen Xinming , Dong Fengying , Zhang Zedan , Zhou Zixuan , Ma Zuyi , Huang Shanzhou , Chen Bo , Zhang Chuanzhao , Hou Baohua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractS100 calcium‐binding protein A (S100A) family members regulate multiple biological functions related to pancreatic cancer (PC) progression and metastasis. However, the prognostic and oncologic values of S100A family have not been systematically investigated in PC. In the present study, the mRNA expression and potential functions of S100A family were investigated by bioinformatic analysis. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of S100A2, S100A6, S100A10, S100A11, S100A14 and S100A16 was significantly associated with higher T stage, advanced histologic grade and worse prognosis in PC. Besides, one CpG of S100A2, three CpG of S100A6, four CpG of S100A10, four CpG of S100A11, two CpG of S100A14 and five CpG of S100A16 were negatively associated with corresponding S100A family members expression and positively associated with overall survival (OS). The signature based on four CpGs showed good prediction ability of OS. Besides, S100A2 overexpression took part in the regulation of mitotic cell cycle, ECM‐receptor interaction and HIF‐1α transcription factor network. Overexpression of S100A6, S100A10, S100A11, S100A14 and S100A16 may impair the infiltration and cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells through focal adhesion‐Ras‐stimulating signalling pathway in PC. Overall, this study explores the multiple prognostic values and oncologic functions of the S100A family in PC.
Left atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: Mechanisms, clinical evaluation and management
Authors: Ma Jin , Chen Qiuxiong , Ma Shiyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF), the commonest arrhythmia, shows associations with various disease conditions. Mounting evidence indicates that atrial fibrosis is an important part of the arrhythmogenic substrate, with an essential function in the generation of conduction abnormalities that underlie the transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF, which in turn contributes to AF perpetuation. Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is considered a possible major factor and predictor in AF treatment. The present review provides insights into LA fibrosis’ association with AF. The information is focused on clinical aspects and mechanisms, clinical evaluating methods that evaluate fibrosis changes and examining possible options for the prevention of atrial fibrosis.
When Trust Fades, Facebook Is No Longer a Friend: Shifting Privatisation Dynamics in the Context of Cybersecurity as a Result of Disinformation, Populism and Political Uncertainty
Authors: Carrapico Helena , Farrand Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article discusses how populism and political uncertainty are impacting on one of the main current trends in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, namely the privatisation of JHA. Through an exploration of a cybersecurity policy case study, the article proposes to understand how the privatisation of internal security, which has resulted in private actors shaping JHA policies and regulation, is currently being disrupted. Through the use of the theoretical lenses of Regulatory Capitalism, the article argues that this change is directly related to a reduction in trust relations between the State and certain private sector actors, which occurs when priorities in addressing populism and political uncertainty are perceived to diverge.
Historical patent data: A practitioner's guide
Authors: Andrews Michael J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI provide a primer on six recent large‐scale historical patent data sets for use in innovation research. I discuss how each data set is constructed, the types of patent information included in each, and the quality and completeness of each. Throughout, I emphasize when our knowledge of the history of invention is dependent on the data source used and provide recommendations about which data set is most likely to be best for different contexts. Overall, these data sets paint a remarkably consistent picture of the history of U.S. invention. When the data sets do disagree, these differences tend to be minor, although I highlight some important exceptions. I further describe several “niche” historical patent data sets that allow researchers to study institutional contexts that cannot be studied using modern data. Finally, I discuss features of patent data that are not available for the historical patents but are available for modern patents.
Nursing‐homes' competition and distributional implications when the market is two‐sided
Authors: Bardey David , Siciliani Luigi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the effect of competition in the nursing‐homes sector with a two‐sided market approach. Using a Hotelling model, our key findings are that (i) the two‐sidedness of the market leads to higher wages for nurses, (ii) this is then passed to residents in the form of higher prices, and (iii) nursing‐homes profits are instead unaffected. In contrast, when nurses wages are regulated, the two‐sidedness of the market implies a transfer between residents and nursing homes. When residents' price is regulated, it implies a transfer between nurses and nursing homes. These key results are generally robust to institutional settings which employ pay‐for‐performance schemes, the presence of altruistic motives of nursing homes and the heterogeneity in residents reservation utility.
COVID‐19 and the generation of novel scientific knowledge: Evidence‐based decisions and data sharing
Authors: Perillat Lucie , Baigrie Brian S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted every facet of society, including medical research. This paper is the second part of a series of articles that explore the intricate relationship between the different challenges that have hindered biomedical research and the generation of novel scientific knowledge during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In the first part of this series, we demonstrated that, in the context of COVID‐19, the scientific community has been faced with numerous challenges with respect to (1) finding and prioritizing relevant research questions and (2) choosing study designs that are appropriate for a time of emergency.MethodsDuring the early stages of the pandemic, research conducted on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sparked several heated debates with respect to the scientific methods used and the quality of knowledge generated. Research on HCQ is used as a case study in both papers. The authors explored biomedical databases, peer‐reviewed journals, pre‐print servers and media articles to identify relevant literature on HCQ and COVID‐19, and examined philosophical perspectives on medical research in the context of this pandemic and previous global health challenges.ResultsThis second paper demonstrates that a lack of research prioritization and methodological rigour resulted in the generation of fleeting and inconsistent evidence that complicated the development of public health guidelines. The reporting of scientific findings to the scientific community and general public highlighted the difficulty of finding a balance between accuracy and speed.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic presented challenges in terms of (3) evaluating evidence for the purpose of making evidence‐based decisions and (4) sharing scientific findings with the rest of the scientific community. This second paper demonstrates that the four challenges outlined in the first and second papers have often compounded each other and have contributed to slowing down the creation of novel scientific knowledge during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Integrated analysis of viral miRNAs, mRNA and protein in the caudal fin cells of C. auratus gibelio with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection
Authors: Luo Yang , Yu Lu , Feng Zizhao , Chen Qikang , Lu Liqun , Zhang Qiya , Xu Dan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2), a member of the genus Cyprinivirus in the family Alloherpesviridae, has attracted worldwide attention because it causes severe disease and high mortality in crucian carp and goldfish. In this study, we focus on mRNA, protein and viral miRNA expression profiles in C. auratus gibelio caudal fin (GiCF) cells infected with CyHV‐2, using high‐throughput sequence techniques and TMT‐labelled analyses. The results revealed that 156 virus genes were differentially expressed during the infection. Among these differentially expressed genes, 7 viral genes were significantly up‐regulated and 28 were significantly down‐regulated at 96 hpi (hours post‐infection) vs 48 hpi. Besides, a total of 78 viral proteins, including a large number of membrane proteins and capsid proteins associated with the viral assembly, were successfully detected by using proteome analysis. Furthermore, a total of 225,143,474 raw reads were generated from cDNA library of CyHV‐2‐infected GiCF cells using high‐throughput sequencing technology. Following annotation and secondary structure prediction, 10 viral miRNAs were found as significantly modulated in CyHV‐2‐infected GiCF cells (2 down‐regulated and 8 up‐regulated). Finally, the CyHV‐2 genes (orf19, orf23, orf118, orf121, orf127) targeted by the viral miRNA CyHV‐2‐KT‐635 identified in this study, were predicted and validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and the regulation of CyHV‐2‐KT‐635 on orf121 protein expression was verified by western blotting assay. Taken together, this study provides a valuable basis for further research on the expression of virus genes during CyHV‐2 replication and the molecular mechanisms by which miRNA may regulate CyHV‐2 virus.
Improvement in novel ultrasound‐assisted extraction technology of high value‐added components from fruit and vegetable peels
Authors: Dash Dibya Ranjan , Pathak Sumit Sudhir , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review gives a summary of the present‐day understanding of the ultrasound‐assisted extraction process, principle and mechanism, and its utilization for the extraction of high value‐added components from fruit and vegetable peels. Besides, the design and development of the ultrasonic device and factors affecting its performance are also covered, along with advantages and demerits. Increasing buyers' interest in greener substitutes and the naturalness of the products free from carcinogenic chemicals and the safety of occupational and environmental health have grabbed the attention of the industries for the sustainable and eco‐friendly method of extraction. The peels of fruits and vegetables get wasted on daily basis from the food industry and domestic use which is the main rival of environmental health. High value‐added compounds like nutritional additives, pharmaceutical, flavor and color supplements, and cosmetics can be extracted for the optimum utilization of the peels as a residue of fruits and vegetables. Conventional techniques have drawbacks like low extraction efficiency, higher solvent absorption, greater energy consumption, and tedious process. Ultrasonic assisted extraction is an emerging, environmentally friendly technique which enhances the extraction efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and lowers the extraction time. Ultrasound also enhances the extraction of heat sensible bioactive compounds by lowering the extraction temperature.Practical applicationsIn the fastest‐growing populated world, large amounts of fruit and vegetable peels get wasted by industrial and domestic use due to the increasing trend in consumption. These wastes contain a variety of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds. Adaptation of emerging technology for the extraction of the bioactive components is not only the solution but, a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable technique that is of great significance. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction is such a clean, green extraction method which brings several economically profitable advantages by reducing energy and solvent consumption and decreasing the extraction time. This technology also prevents the thermal degradation of heat sensible bioactive components due to the low temperature extraction process by maintaining the original quality. However, the industrial application is yet to be scaled up to prove its sustainable utilization and exploitation.
Genome‐wide profiling of circular RNAs, alternative splicing, and R‐loops in stem‐differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Liu Xuqing , Gao Yubang , Liao Jiakai , Miao Miao , Chen Kai , Xi Feihu , Wei Wentao , Wang Huihui , Wang Yongsheng , Xu Xi , Reddy Anireddy S.N. , Gu Lianfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered type of non‐coding RNA derived from pre‐mRNAs. R‐loops consist of a DNA:RNA hybrid and the associated single‐stranded DNA. In Arabidopsis thaliana, circRNA:DNA R‐loops regulate alternative splicing (AS) of SEPALLATA3 (SEP3). However, the occurrence and functions of circRNAs and R‐loops in Populus trichocarpa are largely unexplored. Here, we performed circRNA‐enriched sequencing in the stem‐differentiating xylem (SDX) of P. trichocarpa and identified 2,742 distinct circRNAs, including circ‐CESA4, circ‐IRX7, and circ‐GUX1, which are generated from genes involved in cellulose, and hemicellulose biosynthesis, respectively. To investigate the roles of circRNAs in modulating alternative splicing (AS), we detected 7,836 AS events using PacBio Iso‐Seq and identified 634 circRNAs that overlapped with 699 AS events. Furthermore, using DNA:RNA hybrid immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (DRIP‐seq), we identified 8,932 R‐loop peaks that overlapped with 181 circRNAs and 672 AS events. Notably, several SDX‐related circRNAs overlapped with R‐loop peaks, pointing to their possible roles in modulating AS in SDX. Indeed, overexpressing circ‐IRX7 increased the levels of R‐loop structures and decreased the frequency of intron retention in linear IRX7 transcripts. This study provides a valuable R‐loop atlas resource and uncovers the interplay between circRNAs and AS in SDX of P. trichocarpa.
Consumer Behavior and Firm Volatility
Authors: MUNRO DAVID R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDispersion in firm‐level growth rates rises during recessions. To date, this has been explained through mechanisms on the firms' side of the economy. In this paper, I show that countercyclical dispersion can arise from changes on the demand side of the economy. Using retail data I find that during recessions demand elasticity rises, the dispersion of firms' growth rates increases, and this increase is larger in markets where the change in consumer behavior is the strongest. I develop a business cycle model with heterogeneous firms and frictions in product markets that highlights the relationship between consumer behavior and firm volatility.
A Time‐Series Model of Interest Rates with the Effective Lower Bound
Authors: JOHANNSEN BENJAMIN K. , MERTENS ELMAR 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModeling nominal interest rates requires to take into account the effective lower bound (ELB). We propose a flexible time‐series approach that includes a “shadow rate”—a notional rate identical to the actual nominal rate except when the ELB binds . We apply this approach to a trend‐cycle decomposition of interest rates and macro‐economic variables that generates competitive interest‐rate forecasts. Our estimates of the real‐rate trend have edged down somewhat in recent decades, but not significantly so. We identify monetary policy shocks from shadow‐rate surprises and find that they were particularly effective at stimulating economic activity during the ELB period.
Optimal Provision of Costly Currency
Authors: QIAO WEI , WALLACE NEIL 
Published: February 2021

AbstractItems of currency wear out and must be replaced. In The Mechanism of Exchange, Jevons recommended that the government bear the cost of replacing worn gold coins with new coins instead of having the holders of worn coins bear the cost. We study the optima of a minimally interesting model: money is essential and indivisible so that physical depreciation is not neutral; and there are alternative ways of financing the costly replacement of worn currency. The optima contradict the Jevons proposal. People with worn currency bear a cost that makes them indifferent between getting a new unit and discarding the useless worn unit, a cost that exceeds the physical cost of replacement.
The Fiscal Arithmetic of a Dual Currency Regime
Authors: LIPPI FRANCESCO 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are several real‐world examples of local governments that faced with budget problems circulate a fiat token in parallel to the official currency. A well‐known case is the Argentinian “Patacon,” printed by the province of Buenos Aires during the crisis of 2001. We present a simple model to analyze the workings of monetary equilibria where the parallel currency is valued in equilibrium and discuss its consequence for real allocations in terms of an equivalent fiscal policy. We briefly discuss different model specifications and their fit to alternative historic experiences.
A Group Videoconference Intervention for Reducing Perinatal Depressive Symptoms: A Telehealth Pilot Study
Authors: Latendresse Gwen , Bailey ElLois , Iacob Eli , Murphy Hannah , Pentecost Ryoko , Thompson Nancy , Hogue Carol 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionPerinatal depression occurs in 12% to 18% of childbearing women. Telehealth is a promising platform for delivering perinatal mental health care, particularly during a pandemic when in‐person services have been significantly curtailed. However, there is little research to document the feasibility of telehealth to address perinatal depression. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary results of an 8‐week facilitated group videoconference intervention.MethodsThe study enrolled pregnant and postpartum women into an 8‐week group mindfulness‐based cognitive behavioral intervention, delivered via videoconference platform. Women receiving care at outpatient clinics who either screened positive for perinatal depression symptoms or had risk factors predictive of perinatal depression were invited to participate. Women attended weekly one‐hour group sessions using their own electronic device and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at several time points. Session attendance and survey completion rates were evaluated.ResultsA total of 47 women enrolled (8 postpartum; 39 prenatal) into groups of 4 to 6. Twenty‐four (51.1%) women were currently experiencing mild to moderate perinatal depression symptoms (EPDS score of 10‐20), whereas 23 (48.9%) women had EPDS scores less than 10 but were at high risk for developing perinatal depression due to health history and significant life events. Seventy percent of women attended at least 5 of the 8 sessions. Trajectories of EPDS measures were promising (ie, downward among those with current perinatal depression symptoms and stable among those at high risk for developing perinatal depression).DiscussionThese observational results are promising, suggesting further study of effectiveness for women with symptoms of perinatal depression, as well as for women at high risk for developing perinatal depression. Randomized trials could evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, compared with standard of care approaches. Telehealth interventions can be tailored to meet the needs of different communities, and increase access to care, regardless of where women live or inability to receive in‐person services.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Blood Pressure in Women in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Scott Jewel , McMillian‐Bohler Jacquelyn , Johnson Ragan , Simmons Leigh Ann 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionElevated blood pressure is a leading contributor to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Some studies suggest there is an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and subsequent elevated blood pressure in adulthood. The literature specific to ACEs and blood pressure in women has not been synthesized; thus the purpose of this systematic review was to examine what is known about the association between ACEs and blood pressure in women living in the United States.MethodsIn collaboration with a medical librarian, a systematic search of the literature published between January 1998 and December 2019 was conducted. Original, peer‐reviewed publications were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Studies were excluded if they (1) were conducted outside the United States, (2) measured acute stress or adult stressors, or (3) measured childhood‐ or pregnancy‐related outcomes.ResultsOf 1740 articles, 12 publications met criteria for inclusion in this study, 8 of which were from cohort studies. Racial and ethnic diversity was limited, with half of the articles in this review consisting of samples that were majority white. Of the studies that used a self‐reported history of hypertension, 60% obtained significant associations with ACEs, compared with only 30% of the studies that had objective blood pressure data. ACEs were associated with lower blood pressure in 3 studies.DiscussionMore research is needed to elucidate the relationship between ACEs and elevated blood pressure. Inconsistencies in the findings may be related to the measurement of blood pressure, assessment of ACEs, and population characteristics. Future studies should incorporate diverse population‐representative samples with consideration for sex‐ or race‐specific stressors such as pregnancy or racism and their potential influence on blood pressure. Health care providers may consider the history of ACEs as part of screening for cardiovascular risk factors among female patients, especially younger women presenting with elevated blood pressure.
Hippocampal hyperactivity in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sosulina Liudmila , Mittag Manuel , Geis Hans‐Rüdiger , Hoffmann Kerstin , Klyubin Igor , Qi Yingjie , Steffen Julia , Friedrichs Detlef , Henneberg Niklas , Fuhrmann Falko , Justus Daniel , Keppler Kevin , Cuello A. Claudio , Rowan Michael J. , Fuhrmann Martin , Remy Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeuronal network dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain unknown. We analyzed the hippocampal micronetwork in transgenic McGill‐R‐Thy1‐APP rats (APPtg) at the beginning of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. We established two‐photon Ca2+‐imaging in vivo in the hippocampus of rats and found hyperactivity of CA1 neurons. Patch‐clamp recordings in brain slices in vitro revealed increased neuronal input resistance and prolonged action potential width in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We did neither observe changes in synaptic inhibition, nor in excitation. Our data support the view that increased intrinsic excitability of CA1 neurons may precede inhibitory dysfunction at an early stage of Aβ‐deposition and disease progression.
image
The skull of the Miocene Spheniscus urbinai (Aves, Sphenisciformes): osteology, brain morphology, and the cranial pneumatic systems
Authors: Acosta Hospitaleche Carolina , Paulina‐Carabajal Ariana , Yury‐Yáñez Roberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpheniscus urbinai represents one of four extinct Spheniscus species from the Cenozoic of southern South America, known from several poorly described diversely complete skulls and postcranial elements. Here, we present a review of the cranial osteology of all known specimens (collected in Argentina, Chile, and Peru), including a paleoneurological analysis using CT scans, and an exploration of its cranial pneumaticity compared to other extinct and living seabirds. Our results show that among Spheniscus species, S. urbinai exhibits slightly greater cranial pneumaticity than the living species. Additionally, we confirm previous findings which indicate that the marked reduction of cranial pneumaticity—which is characteristic of living penguins—occurred early during the Eocene (as observed in the Antarctic penguin MLP 12‐I‐20‐1, but not in the coeval Anthropornis).