bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical and laboratory profile of survivors and non‐survivors of SARS‐CoV‐2‐related multisystem inflammatory syndrome of childhood in India: An observational study
Authors: Maheshwari Anu , Mahto Deonath , Kumar Virendra , Gulati Sameer , Pemde Harish , Saha Abhijeet , Mukherjee Sharmila B , Pandit Kaveri , Paharia Konpal , Basu Srikanta 
Published: August 2021

AimThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is characterised by multiple reports of paediatric multisystem inflammatory disease or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) with Kawasaki disease‐like features often complicated by myocarditis, shock and macrophage activation syndrome. Certain clinical and laboratory markers may be used to identify high risk cases.MethodsAll sequentially admitted patients hospitalised between April 2020 and October 2020, who met the WHO case definition for MIS‐C were included. Data included patient demographic information, presenting symptoms, organ dysfunction and laboratory parameters. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was diagnosed by nasopharyngeal swab real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and/or rapid antibody test for SARS‐CoV‐2 as recommended. The clinical and laboratory criteria were compared in the survival and non‐survival groups.ResultsA total of 29 patients with MIS‐C were treated during the study period. There were 21 survivors and 8 non‐survivors. The non‐survivors had more neurocognitive and respiratory symptoms along with increased incidence of myocarditis compared with survivors. The serum levels of CPK‐MB, D‐dimer, ferritin and triglyceride were significantly raised in non‐survivors as compared to survivors.ConclusionThe non‐survivor group had higher CPK and greater proportion of children with troponin‐T elevation indicating higher incidence of myocardial injury and necrosis. The D‐dimer, ferritin and triglyceride were also higher in the mortality group, indicating the greater extent of inflammatory damage in this group.
Age‐related taxation of bequests in the presence of a dependency risk
Authors: Leroux Marie‐Louise , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the properties of the optimal taxes on bequests when individuals differ in wage and in their risks of mortality and old‐age dependance. Survival is positively correlated to income but dependency is negatively correlated with it. The government cannot distinguish between bequests motives, that is whether bequests resulted from precautionary reasons or from pure joy of giving reasons. Instead, it observes the timing of bequests and the health status at death. Under the utilitarian social welfare criterion, we show that bequests taxation results from a combination of equity, insurance, and public revenue motives. If redistribution concerns dominate insurance concerns, it is desirable to tax the most bequests of those individuals living long in good health and to tax the least bequests of those dying early. This is a direct consequence of the socio‐demographic structure we assumed where richer agents live longer and in better health than poorer agents. To the opposite, if insurance concerns dominate redistributive concerns, early bequests should be the most taxed and, bequests under dependency the least taxed. Under the Rawlsian criterion, we find that early bequests should be the least taxed and bequests left by the healthy long‐lived individuals should be the most taxed.
Remote sociophonetic data collection: Vowels and nasalization from self‐recordings on personal devices
Authors: Freeman Valerie , De Decker Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen the COVID‐19 pandemic halted in‐person data collection, many linguists adopted modern technologies to replace traditional methods, including speaker‐led options in which participants record themselves using their own personal computers or smartphones and then email or upload the sound files to online storage sites for researchers to retrieve later. This study evaluated the suitability of such ‘home‐made’ recordings for phonetic analysis of vowel space configurations, mergers, and nasalization by comparing simultaneous recordings from several popular personal devices (Macbook, PC laptop, iPad, iPhone and Android smartphone) to those taken from professional equipment (H4n field recorder, Focusrite with Audio Technica 2021 microphone). All personal devices conveyed vowel arrangements and nasalization patterns relatively faithfully (especially laptops), but absolute measurements varied, particularly for the female speaker and in the 750–1500 Hz range, which affected the locations (F1 × F2) of low and back vowels and reduced nasalization measurements (A1−P0) for the female's pre‐nasal vowels. Based on these results, we assess the validity of remote recording using these consumer devices and offer recommendations for best practices for collecting high fidelity acoustic phonetic data from a distance.
Sampling implications of variation in daily activity of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus at a coastal grassland site in the U.K.
Authors: Edwards C. D. , Campbell H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L. (Acari: Ixodidae), is an important vector of many pathogens of medical and veterinary significance. Determining vector abundance is a requisite of assessing potential vector‐borne disease risk. Estimation of tick abundance is often conducted by blanket drag sampling a site, conducted at one time point during the day. The time of day chosen for sampling can vary, is not widely standardized and is often unreported by the investigator. This study investigated whether the time of day chosen for sampling had an effect on tick collection at an open grassland coastal site in North Devon, U.K., during May 2019 to July 2019. Tick abundance for both adults and nymphs in the evening period was more than twice that found in the mid‐day sampling period. Overall abundance differed with site aspect, ground temperature and relative humidity. This study shows that for this open grassland recreational site, the time of day chosen for sampling has important implications for tick collection and the assessment of the relative risk of human exposure to ticks and tick‐borne infections.
An investigation into the effect of nasogastric intubation on markers of autonomic nervous function
Authors: Abdul‐Razakq Humayra , Emmanuel Anton , Brugaletta Concetta , Sweis Rami , Perring Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNasogastric (NG) intubation for esophageal manometry can be traumatic and may be associated with a temporary reduction/absence in esophageal peristalsis. This study explored the prevalence and effect on esophageal motor function. We also hypothesized that baseline anxiety as well as markers of autonomic nerve function were correlated to attenuated esophageal peristalsis.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with esophageal symptoms referred for esophageal manometry investigation (mean age 56.8 ± 16.7 years, range 23–85 years) reported baseline anxiety score (Likert scale) preintubation. Patients had continuous heart rate and blood pressure measured prior to intubation and until 10 min after catheter withdrawal. Quality of motility was assessed for each 5 ml water swallow using standard Chicago Classification metrics.Key ResultsNasogastric‐intubation elicited a significant increase in heart rate (p < 0.001), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.001) blood pressure, which was in part anticipatory. The median time taken for patients' first hypotensive peristalsis (Distal Contractile Integral; DCI ≥100 mmHg s cm) was 130 s (Interquartile range; 47–242 s) and for their first normal peristalsis (DCI ≥450 mm Hg s cm) was 150 s (IQR 61‐320 s), with improvement and consistent stabilization in DCI there onward. This corresponded closely to the time for initial recovery of heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure postintubation.Conclusions and InferencesNasogastric intubation resulted in heightened sympathetic responses and/or dampened parasympathetic responses, and an associated temporary reduction or absence in esophageal peristalsis.
Functional dyspepsia: A critical appraisal of the European consensus from a global perspective
Authors: Moshiree Baha , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility's (ESNM) consensus document on functional dyspepsia (FD) has provided a critical review of the evidence for 36 statements highly relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of FD. We provide here our expert opinion on the North American, Australian and Asian assessments of the same topics discussed, and provide evidence where the ESNM consensus may deviate from those in the other continents. New and exciting data about the pathogenesis of FD are emerging including the possible central role of duodenal micro‐inflammation (most notably eosinophilic duodenitis and intestinal mast cell disease), but this is a very dynamic field with several gaps remaining in our understanding that are summarized in this review. Identification of non‐invasive biomarkers and testing of targeted therapies, including assessing the benefits of multidisciplinary teams in the management of FD, should be future priorities.
Mana whenua engagement in Crown and Local Authority‐initiated environmental planning processes: A critique based on the perspectives of Ngāi Tahu environmental kaitiaki
Authors: Bennett Courtney , Matunga Hirini , Steyl Steven , Borell Phillip , Dionisio Rita , Hāpuku Aaron 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn New Zealand, the Crown and Local Authorities are required to engage with iwi in resource management matters, yet iwi engagement is a widely recognised weakness in many resource management professionals' skillsets. Coloniality permeates many interactions with iwi, and reflects a profession where practitioners' skillsets have not kept pace with developments in resource management legislation that better recognise the rights and interests of mana whenua. This article explores the real‐life impacts of this skill paucity on Ngāi Tahu environmental kaitiaki, and, through a Braided River methodological approach comprised of Kaupapa Māori research and Narrative Inquiry, offers recommendations for best practice mana whenua engagement. The article concludes by discussing the coloniality of planning, and how this impacts practitioners' ability to implement these best practice recommendations.
Tools to study the severity of itch in 8‐ to 17‐year‐old children: Validation of TweenItchyQoL and ItchyQuant
Authors: Kong Ha Eun , Francois Sandy , Smith Shelby , Lee Grace , Bradley Bridget , Chen Kuang‐Ho , Lawley Leslie P. , Spraker Mary , Roberts James S. , Chen Suephy C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesValidated pruritus‐specific quality of life and self‐reported severity instruments exist primarily for adults. Clinical trials to develop therapeutics for children with chronic pruritus are hampered by the paucity of appropriate outcome measures. To address this gap, we aimed to develop validated instruments to measure itch‐specific quality of life and self‐reported severity in children.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth, open‐ended interviews of itchy children and generated concepts to develop TweenItchyQoL. We administered TweenItchyQoL, ItchyQuant, a cartoon‐annotated self‐reported pruritus severity numeric rating scale (NRS), and a non‐cartoon NRS to 175 itchy children aged 8‐17 years. We analyzed the data for feasibility, preference, reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness.ResultsAverage completion time was 4.8 minutes for TweenItchyQoL and 33 seconds for ItchyQuant. The majority of patients either preferred ItchyQuant or found no difference between ItchyQuant and the NRS. Cronbach's alpha for TweenItchyQoL total and subscales ranged from 0.84 to 0.95. Test‐retest reliability coefficients were ≥0.7 for TweenItchyQoL and 0.4 for ItchyQuant. A 3‐dimensional bifactor model was most appropriate (RMSEA = 0.048) on the confirmatory factor analyses. As a function of those reporting worsening, improvement, or no change at their final visit, TweenItchyQoL and ItchyQuant scores in those cohorts changed as expected.ConclusionsThis new set of validated and feasible instruments shows promise to quantify itch severity and QoL impact in older children.
“Transient pseudo‐lentigines sign” in burrowing bug pigmentation
Authors: Amrani Ashish , Sil Abheek , Das Anupam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCutaneous pigmentation due to the arthropod, Cydnidae (a.k.a. burrowing bug), is increasingly being reported in the literature. The transient nature of this pigmentation probably contributes to its underreporting. We report a case of an 8‐year‐old girl with a sudden onset of hyperpigmented lesions on her index finger, face, and neck due to burrowing bugs. We propose the term “transient pseudo‐lentigines sign” to better describe this fleeting arthropod‐induced pigmentation.
Pediatric epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: A review
Authors: Hignett Emma , Sami Naveed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an acquired autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is rare in adults and even rarer in childhood. This review aims to identify cases of pediatric EBA and report their clinical features and course. Our literature review was conducted in MEDLINE® using the search terms related to juvenile epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. We identified 40 cases of pediatric EBA. Mucosal tissues were affected in 29 out of 40 cases. Treatment mostly consisted of a systemic corticosteroid combined with dapsone. Prognosis is favorable with 17 of 40 cases achieving complete remission, 9 of 40 with complete control with therapy, 12 of 40 with partial control with therapy, 1 of 40 with no response to therapy, and 1 of 40 terminating treatment early. Though it is a rare condition, childhood EBA should still be included in the differential diagnosis of pediatric blistering diseases.
A case of capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation and Ebstein’s anomaly in a child with EphB4 mutation
Authors: Sherwani Yousuf , Jenkins Samantha , Adelanwa Ayodele , Burch David Marshall , Chaudhuri Nita Ray , Zinn Zachary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCapillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) is a rare condition characterized by multiple cutaneous capillary malformations with potential associated arteriovenous malformations. RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) and ephrin type‐B receptor 4 (EPHB4) genes are implicated. We present a child with CM‐AVM, due to EPHB4 mutation, and Ebstein's anomaly. Although EPHB4 is a known effector of vascular remodeling, its contribution to cardiogenesis is still being explored. Further research is needed to determine causality of Ebstein's anomaly in the setting of CM‐AVM due to EPHB4 mutation.
Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with congenital absence of skin and brachydactyly of the great toes
Authors: Sawka Erika , Funk Tracy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) encompasses a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited skin disorders characterized by blistering and erosions of the skin with minimal trauma. Dystrophic EB (DEB), both dominant and recessive, can be associated with several extracutaneous manifestations, including musculoskeletal deformities. Congenital deformities of the feet have rarely been reported in the literature. We describe an infant with dominant DEB and congenital absence of the skin who presented with congenital brachydactyly of the bilateral great toes.
Acute onset traction‐associated ulceration and alopecia
Authors: Johns Hannah R. , Wright Teresa S. , Pourciau Crystal Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTraction alopecia is a protracted form of hair loss resulting from persistent tension on the hair follicle . We report a case of a 9‐year‐old African American girl who presented with extensive scalp ulceration and alopecia 11 days after placement of a synthetic hair braid. Over a period of months, with consistent wound care and low‐tension hairstyling, most of the hair regrew. We propose that the ulceration and hair loss in this case represents an acute variant of traction alopecia due to pressure‐induced ischemia and necrosis.
Emergency department utilization for impetigo among the pediatric population: A retrospective study of the national emergency department sample 2013‐2015
Authors: Russell Emma R. , Tripathi Raghav , Carroll Bryan T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the large burden of impetigo in childhood and high frequency of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for skin conditions, limited information exists on the use of EDs for impetigo among US children.ObjectiveOur study aimed to generate national estimates of ED utilization and to identify sociodemographic predictors of impetigo‐related ED visits.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of children ages 1‐17 presenting to EDs with a primary diagnosis of impetigo using years 2013‐2015 of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.ResultsImpetigo accounted for 163 909 of the 71 488, 511 pediatric ED visits and was the fourth most common presenting skin diagnosis. Controlling for sociodemographic factors, patients presenting to the ED with impetigo were most likely to be 6‐11 years old, male, and from lower‐income quartiles. Patients were most likely to be uninsured and most likely to present on weekends in the summer.ConclusionThis study provided national‐level estimates of ED use for impetigo among US children. Ultimately, the identification of factors associated with increased ED utilization may help in developing targeted interventions to reduce the use of emergency care for impetigo.
REDD+ and forest protection on indigenous lands in the Amazon
Authors: Garcia Beatriz , Rimmer Lawrence , Canal Vieira Leticia , Mackey Brendan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) was introduced by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a mechanism to reverse the loss of forests and carbon stocks in developing countries. REDD+ operates on the basis of performance‐based payments. This article focuses on REDD+ as a market‐based mechanism in the voluntary carbon market (VCM). It assesses the viability of using REDD+ on indigenous lands in the Brazilian Amazon by examining three key aspects of REDD+—the legal, technical and market requirements—in light of recent policy developments in Brazil and under the UNFCCC. REDD+ as a market‐based mechanism in the VCM currently faces significant barriers as a useful tool for forest protection in the Amazon, due to the lack of an international carbon market under the UNFCCC, the highly complex technical requirements, and the low market demand for REDD+ credits in the VCM. Moreover, we suggest that, although legally possible under Brazilian law, REDD+ projects in the VCM may not be a suitable market‐based option for indigenous communities in the Amazon due to the current national and international climate policy context.
Optimal Statistical Inference for Individualized Treatment Effects in High-Dimensional Models
Authors: Cai Tianxi , Tony Cai T. , Guo Zijian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ability to predict individualized treatment effects (ITEs) based on a given patient's profile is essential for personalized medicine. We propose a hypothesis testing approach to choosing between two potential treatments for a given individual in the framework of high-dimensional linear models. The methodological novelty lies in the construction of a debiased estimator of the ITE and establishment of its asymptotic normality uniformly for an arbitrary future high-dimensional observation, while the existing methods can only handle certain specific forms of observations. We introduce a testing procedure with the type I error controlled and establish its asymptotic power. The proposed method can be extended to making inference for general linear contrasts, including both the average treatment effect and outcome prediction. We introduce the optimality framework for hypothesis testing from both the minimaxity and adaptivity perspectives and establish the optimality of the proposed procedure. An extension to high-dimensional approximate linear models is also considered. The finite sample performance of the procedure is demonstrated in simulation studies and further illustrated through an analysis of electronic health records data from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Everyday terrorism: Campus sexual violence and the neoliberal university
Authors: Prior Sarah , de Heer Brooke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the ways sexual violence experienced on college campuses in the United States is situated within the neoliberal university. Feminist theories are utilized to explore the relationship between sexual violence and neoliberal ideologies. The authors evaluate how neoliberal tenets imbedded in higher education have contributed to, and exacerbated, an environment where sexual victimization is common. An institutional level of analysis is utilized to examine the neoliberal influence on campus sexual violence and investigate the utility of the term everyday terrorism. The authors also address “crimes of omission”, institutional betrayal, and the significance of institutional bravery/courage. The authors provide recommendations for future research in the areas of everyday terrorism and campus violence.
The predominance and diagnostic value of neutrophils in differentiating transudates and exudates in dogs
Authors: Alonso Flavio H. , Christopher Mary M. , Paes Paulo R. O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is disagreement in the literature about the proportion of neutrophils expected in canine transudates. A cutoff of <30% neutrophils has been recommended for distinguishing transudates from exudates, but its validity has not been established.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate differential cell counts in canine effusions and analyze the percentage and number of neutrophils in transudates and exudates.MethodsEffusion data were obtained retrospectively from 263 dogs with pleural or peritoneal effusion. Low‐protein transudates, high‐protein transudates, and exudates were classified using the total protein (TP) concentration and total nucleated cell count (TNCC). Differential percentages and absolute neutrophil counts were compared by the effusion type and underlying etiology.ResultsLow‐protein transudates (n = 63), high‐protein transudates (n = 84), and exudates (n = 77) had a median (range) of 35% (0%‐100%), 59% (0%‐100%), and 90% (50%‐98%) neutrophils (P < .0001). All effusions with <50% neutrophils were transudates, but 53% of transudates had ≥50% neutrophils, and 69% had ≥30%. Median neutrophil counts were 62/µL (0‐892/µL), 538/µL (0‐4550/µL), and 45 590/µL (5400‐496 800/µL) in low‐protein transudates, high‐protein transudates, and exudates, respectively (P < .0001). Neutrophil counts correlated with TNCC (r2 = 0.99), such that using neutrophil cutoffs did not affect effusion classifications in most cases. Neutrophil percentages and counts were higher in effusions from dogs with uroabdomen and sepsis (P < .01); neutrophil counts were lower in dogs with hepatic insufficiency (P < .0001). Uroabdomen usually caused low‐protein, high‐neutrophil exudates.ConclusionsAlthough effusions with <50% neutrophils are transudates, most transudates and exudates have ≥50% neutrophils, limiting the diagnostic usefulness of % neutrophils for classifying effusions. Absolute neutrophil cutoffs did not notably improve effusion classification but could warrant future studies.