bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inhibitory potency of isoxazole-curcumin analogue for the management of breast cancer: A comparative in vitro and molecular modeling investigation
Authors: Rodrigues Fiona C. , Kumar N. V. Anil , Hari Gangadhar , Pai K. S. R. , Thakur Goutam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurcumin, a potent phytochemical derived from the spice element turmeric, has been identified as a herbal remedy decades ago and has displayed promise in the field of medicinal chemistry. However, multiple traits associated with curcumin, such as poor bioavailability and instability, limit its effectiveness to be accepted as a lead drug-like entity. Different reactive sites in its chemical structure have been identified to incorporate modifications as attempts to improving its efficacy. The diketo group present in the center of the structural scaffold has been touted as the group responsible for the instability of curcumin, and substituting it with a heterocyclic ring contributes to improved stability. In this study, four heterocyclic curcumin analogues, representing some broad groups of heterocyclic curcuminoids (isoxazole-, pyrazole-, N-phenyl pyrazole- and N-amido-pyrazole-based), have been synthesized by a simple one-pot synthesis and have been characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC and LC–MS. To predict its potential anticancer efficacy, the compounds have been analyzed by computational studies via molecular docking for their regulatory role against three key proteins, namely GSK-3β—of which abnormal regulation and expression is associated with cancer; Bcl-2—an apoptosis regulator; and PR which is a key nuclear receptor involved in breast cancer development. One of the compounds, isoxazole-curcumin, has consistently indicated a better docking score than the other tested compounds as well as curcumin. Apart from docking, the compounds have also been profiled for their ADME properties as well as free energy binding calculations. Further, the in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of the analogues was carried out by SRB assay in breast cancer cell line (MCF7), out of which isoxazole-curcumin (IC50–3.97 µM) has displayed a sevenfold superior activity than curcumin (IC50–21.89 µM). In the collation of results, it can be suggested that isoxazole-curcumin behaves as a potential lead owing to its ability to be involved in a regulatory role with multiple significant cancer proteins and hence deserves further investigations in the development of small molecule-based anti-breast cancer agents.
Graphic abstract
PL-4 (CIP596131.4): an Improved Potato Haploid Inducer
Authors: Ordoñez Benny , Santayana Monica , Aponte Mariela , Henry Isabelle M. , Comai Luca , Eyzaguirre Raúl , Lindqvist-Kreuze Hannele , Bonierbale Merideth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDihaploid production from elite tetraploid cultivars is key to both traditional and novel breeding approaches that seek to simplify potato genetics. For this purpose, efficient and widely compatible haploid inducers (HIs) are needed. We compared PL-4, a new HI developed at the International Potato Center, to known HIs IvP101 and IvP35. By pollination of elite tetraploid breeding lines, we showed that PL-4 performed significantly better and had a homogeneous response regardless of the genetic background of the pistillate parents, on the most important efficiency traits—number of dihaploids per 100 fruits and haploid induction rate. Moreover, PL-4 exhibited a reduced proportion of hybrid seeds, a convenient trait for efficient screening. In this context, we recommend PL-4 as an enhanced HI for the potato breeding community.
Trunk perimeter correlates with genetic bottleneck intensity and the level of genetic diversity in populations of Taxus baccata L
Authors: Stefanowska Sara , Meyza Katarzyna , Iszkuło Grzegorz , Chybicki Igor J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Key message

Taxus baccata remnants established recently tend to contribute less to the species’ overall genetic variation than historical populations because they are subjected to a greater impact of the founder effect and genetic isolation. As tree trunk perimeter is a rough indicator of genetic variation in a population, this measure should be considered in conservation programs.

Context
Genetic variation within Taxus baccata (L.) populations is not associated with the current census size but correlates well with the effective size, suggesting that genetic drift intensity reflects variation in demographic histories.

Aims
We hypothesize that recently established populations are subjected to greater bottleneck than old remnants. Using the mean trunk perimeter as a surrogate of tree age, we test whether the demographic history and genetic variation are associated with the mean tree age.

Methods
Using 18 microsatellite markers, we analyze the genetic diversity and demographic history of 11 yew populations in Poland to assess the relationship between the mean trunk perimeter and the inferred genetic parameters.

Results
Populations reveal significant differences in levels of genetic variation and in the intensity and time of genetic bottleneck. After excluding an apparent outlier, the genetic variation is significantly greater while the bottleneck intensity lower in populations with a greater perimeter.

Conclusion
Due to continuous species decline and increasing fragmentation, the non-uniform contribution of yew remnants to the overall genetic variation tends to decrease together with the mean tree age. Germplasm collections for the species should take into account tree perimeter as a rough indicator of the genetic variation of a population.
Diversity and Inclusion in the American Legal Profession: Discrimination and Bias Reported by Lawyers with Disabilities and Lawyers Who Identify as LGBTQ+
Authors: Blanck Peter , Hyseni Fitore , Wise Fatma Altunkol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThis article is part of an ongoing body of investigation examining the experiences of lawyers with diverse and multiple minority identities, with particular focus on lawyers with disabilities; lawyers who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (“LGBTQ+” as an overarching term); and lawyers with minority identities associated with race and ethnicity, gender, and age. The focus of this article is on discrimination and bias in their workplaces as reported by the lawyers experiencing it.MethodsWe employ survey data from the first phase of this investigation, gathered from the survey responses of 3590 lawyers located across all states in the United States and working in most types and sizes of legal venues. The data were collected between 2018 and 2019, before the 2020 pandemic. We estimate differences across three categories of discrimination reported—subtle-only discrimination, overt-only discrimination, and both subtle and overt discrimination. We estimate the nature and magnitude of associations among individual and organizational variables, and we use multinomial logistic regression to illustrate relative risks of reports of discrimination for intersecting identities.ResultsAs compared to non-disabled lawyers, lawyers with disabilities show a higher likelihood of reporting both subtle and overt discrimination versus no discrimination. Similarly, lawyers who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (“LGBQ”) show a higher likelihood of reporting both subtle and overtdiscrimination, and subtle-only discrimination, as compared to lawyers who identify as straight/heterosexual. Women lawyers and lawyers of color are more likely to report all three types of discrimination. In general, younger lawyers are more likely to report subtle-only discrimination when compared to older lawyers. Lawyers working at a private firm are less likely to report all types of discrimination, while working for a larger organization is associated with a higher relative risk of reporting subtle-only discrimination versus no discrimination.ConclusionsThe current study represents a next, incremental step for better understanding non-monochromatic and intersectional aspects of individual identity in the legal profession. The findings illustrate that primary individual and multiple minority identities, as identified by disability, sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and age, are associated with reports of discrimination and bias in the legal workplace.
Participation of rural patients in clinical trials at a multisite academic medical center
Authors: Bharucha Adil E. , Wi Chung Il , Srinivasan Sushmitha Grama , Choi Hyuckjae , Wheeler Phillip H. , Stavlund Jennifer R. , Keller Daniel A. , Bailey Kent R. , Juhn Young J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Clinical trials, which are mainly conducted in urban medical centers, may be less accessible to rural residents. Our aims were to assess participation and the factors associated with participation of rural residents in clinical trials.Methods:Using geocoding, the residential address of participants enrolled into clinical trials at Mayo Clinic locations in Arizona, Florida, and the Midwest between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, was categorized as urban or rural. The distance travelled by participants and trial characteristics was compared between urban and rural participants. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether study location and risks were associated with rural participation in trials.Results:Among 292 trials, including 136 (47%) cancer trials, there were 2313 participants. Of these, 731 (32%) were rural participants, which is greater than the rural population in these 9 states (19%,P < 0.001). Compared to urban participants, rural participants were older (65 ± 12 years vs 64 ± 12 years,P= 0.004) and travelled further to the medical center (103 ± 104 vs 68 ± 88 miles,P < 0.001). The proportion of urban and rural participants who were remunerated was comparable. In the multivariable analysis, the proportion of rural participants was lower (P < 0.001) in Arizona (10%) and Florida (18%) than the Midwest (38%) but not significantly associated with the study-related risks.Conclusions:Approximately one in three clinical trial participants were rural residents versus one in five in the population. Rural residents travelled further to access clinical trials. The study-associated risks were not associated with the distribution of rural and urban participants in trials.
Local Perceptions of COVID-19 in Pakistan’s Sindh Province: “Political Game”, Supernatural Test, or Western Conspiracy?
Authors: Ali Inayat , Saddique Salma , Ali Shahbaz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has received various distinct perspectives and responses at the local as well as global levels. The current study pays attention to local perspectives, which have appeared in the Sindh Province of Pakistan.Methods:Given the constraints of the pandemic, and using convenience sampling, we conducted 10 online group discussions, 7 one-on-one interviews, and 30 cellphone discussions from a small town of Sindh Province. We made every effort to make our sampling inclusive in terms of decisive sociocultural factors: gender, religion, level of formal education, and occupation/job. We obtained data from women, men, Muslims and non-Muslims, the formally educated and noneducated, government employees, and daily wage laborers. Moreover, to perform content analysis, we used social media such as WhatsApp and Facebook.Results and Discussions:We have found that some people consider COVID-19 a “political” game, “supernatural test” or “Western plot”. The given perceptions then guide further actions: either ignore or adopt the preventive measures or take supernatural preventive measures. Considering it as a test of God, Muslims perform prayers, while the Bāgrrī community who practice Hinduism are taking cow urine to deal with the virus. This study brings these perspectives to the center stage; yet, the results cannot be generalized across the country, or within the province. Moreover, the study situates these perspectives within the global and socio-cultural, economic, and political contexts and invites more in-depth studies to inquire why such perspectives emerge.Conclusions:We discuss different narratives concerning COVID-19 in a small town of Sindh Province. We maintain that documenting these various perspectives and analyzing their impacts on the preparedness programs is essential, yet understanding the causes behind the stated standpoints is equally essential, if not more so.
Variations in Presentation and Management of COVID-19 Inpatients by Race and Ethnicity in a Large Texas Metroplex
Authors: Liu Alison , Patel Akshat , Pierce Ava , Fowler Ray 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess variations in presentation and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across race/ethnicity at a large Texas metroplex hospital.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed.

Results:
Although COVID-19 patients demonstrated significant socioeconomic disparities, race/ethnicity was not a significant predictor of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (P = 0.067) or case fatality (P = 0.078). Hospital admission varied by month, with incidence among Black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino patients peaking earlier in the pandemic timeline (P < 0.001). Patients reporting Spanish as their primary language were significantly more likely to be admitted to the ICU (odds ratio, 1.75; P = 0.007).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 patients do not demonstrate significant racial/ethnic disparities in case fatality, suggesting that state-wide disparities in mortality rate are rooted in infection risk rather than hospital course. Variations in admission rates by race/ethnicity across the timeline and increased ICU admission among Spanish-speaking patients demonstrate the need to pursue tailored interventions on both a community and structural level to mitigate further health disparities throughout the pandemic and after.
Coping With COVID-19: Health Risk Communication and Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Bailey Althea , Harris Michelle A. , Bogle Dania , Jama Artan , Muir Susan A. , Miller Shenae , Walters Christine A. , Govia Ishtar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
This study sought to identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk communication materials distributed in Jamaica to mitigate the effects of the disease outbreak. It also sought to explore the effects of health risk communication on vulnerable groups in the context of the pandemic.

Methods:
A qualitative study was conducted, including a content analysis of health risk communications and in-depth interviews with 35 purposively selected elderly, physically disabled, persons with mental health disorders, representatives of government agencies, advocacy and service groups, and caregivers of the vulnerable. Axial coding was applied to data from the interviews, and all data were analyzed using the constant comparison technique.

Results:
Twelve of the 141 COVID-19 risk communication messages directly targeted the vulnerable. All participants were aware of the relevant risk communication and largely complied. Barriers to messaging awareness and compliance included inappropriate message medium for the deaf and blind, rural location, lack of Internet service or digital devices, limited technology skills, and limited connection to agencies that serve the vulnerable.

Conclusion:
The vulnerable are at increased risk in times of crisis. Accessibility of targeted information was inadequate for universal access to health information and support for vulnerable persons regardless of location and vulnerability.
Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and clinical outcomes in patients with low levels of coenzyme Q10 admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Hasanloei Mohammad Amin Valizade , Zeinaly Aidin , Rahimlou Mehran , Houshyar Hadi , Moonesirad Solma , Hashemi Reza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Today, trauma is known to be the third leading cause of death in most countries. Studies have demonstrated below-normal plasma levels of antioxidants in trauma patients. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on oxidative stress, clinical outcomes and anthropometrical parameters in traumatic mechanical ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients were randomised to receive sublingual CoQ10 (400 mg/d) or placebo for 7 d. Primary and secondary outcomes were measured at the baseline and end of the study. We enrolled forty patients for this trial: twenty in the CoQ10 group and twenty in the placebo group. There was not any significant difference in the baseline variables (P > 0⋅05). At the end of the study, CoQ10 administration caused a considerable reduction in the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations (P < 0⋅001), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS; P = 0⋅02), ICU and hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration (P < 0⋅001). We found that CoQ10 administration could increase Fat-Free Mass (P < 0⋅001) (FFM; P = 0⋅04), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM; P = 0⋅04) and Body Cell Mass (BCM) percent (P = 0⋅03). There was not any significant difference in other factors between the two groups (P > 0⋅05). CoQ10 administration has beneficial effects on patients with traumatic injury and has no side effects. However, since the possibility of the type II error was high, the outcomes on the duration of MV, ICU stay and hospital stay, and GCS may very well be false positives.
Postprandial effects of a whey protein-based multi-ingredient nutritional drink compared with a normal breakfast on glucose, insulin, and active GLP-1 response among type 2 diabetic subjects: a crossover randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sridonpai Pimnapanut , Prachansuwan Aree , Praengam Kemika , Tuntipopipat Siriporn , Kriengsinyos Wantanee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycaemia is recognised as an important target in type 2 diabetes management. Dietary pattern, meal composition, and amount of food intake are major factors for maintaining postprandial blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming a whey protein-based multi-ingredient nutritional drink (WD) on postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic, and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses in comparison to a typical breakfast, which is boiled white rice with chicken (BC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fifteen subjects with T2DM participated in a randomised, controlled, cross-over study. Two isocaloric diets with similar nutrient composition were randomly tested with at least 7 d in between. Glucose, insulin, and active GLP-1 were measured by standard methods with blood samples collected with a venous catheter for 240 min during a kinetic test. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–240 min) for plasma glucose was significantly lower after the consumption of WD (WD: 3551 ± 546; BC: 9610 ± 848 mg min/dl; P < 0⋅01), while insulinaemic response tended to be lesser (iAUC0–240 min) than those of BC. In addition, higher iAUC0–240 min for active GLP-1 was obtained with WD diet (WD: 2230 ± 441; BC: 925 ± 183 pM min/ml; P < 0⋅01). This study showed that WD can be used to replace a regular breakfast for improving postprandial glucose response and active GLP-1 levels in people with T2DM. Further studies are required to elucidate the clinical efficacy of WD on long-term glycaemic control in people with T2DM.
Modeling spatially distributed snow instability at a regional scale using Alpine3D
Authors: Richter Bettina , Schweizer Jürg , Rotach Mathias W. , van Herwijnen Alec 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessing the avalanche danger level requires snow stratigraphy and instability data. As such data are usually sparse, we investigated whether distributed snow cover modeling can be used to provide information on spatial instability patterns relevant for regional avalanche forecasting. Using Alpine3D, we performed spatially distributed simulations to evaluate snow instability for the winter season 2016–17 in the region of Davos, Switzerland. Meteorological data from automatic weather stations were interpolated to 100 m horizontal resolution and precipitation was scaled with snow depth measurements from airborne laser scanning. Modeled snow instability metrics assessed for two different weak layers suggested that the weak layer closer to the snow surface was more variable. Initially, it was less stable than the weak layer closer to the ground, yet it stabilized faster as the winter progressed. In spring, the simulated snowpack on south-facing slopes stabilized faster than on north-facing slopes, in line with the regional avalanche forecast. In the winter months January to March 2017, simulated instability metrics did not suggest that the snowpack on south-facing slopes was more stable, as reported in the regional avalanche forecast. Although a validation with field data is lacking, these model results still show the potential and challenges of distributed modeling for supporting operational avalanche forecasting.
Is Identification All the Same? The Differential Effects of CEO and CFO Organizational Identification on Corporate Philanthropy
Authors: Xu Yuehua , Shi Wei , Qin Xin , Zhang Junsheng , Tang Xiaojian 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBy integrating role theory and social identity theory, this study examines the differential effects of organizational identification of the chief executive officer (CEO) and the chief financial officer (CFO) on corporate philanthropy. We argue that CEO organizational identification can positively affect corporate philanthropy, whereas the opposite holds for CFO organizational identification. This is because the CEO and the CFO have varying attitudes about corporate philanthropy owing to their different role expectations; thus, those who identify strongly with their organizations would act for the best interests of the firm. Moreover, because the beliefs of top executives are probably influenced by those of other executives, we further explore the interaction between the CEO and the CFO. We propose that the positive influence of CEO organizational identification on corporate philanthropy will be weakened by CFO organizational identification, and the moderating effect of CFO organizational identification will become stronger when the CEO and the CFO have opposite genders or when the CFO has ownership. From a sample of 880 publicly traded firms in China, we found support for our hypotheses. Our study can contribute to the corporate philanthropy literature and research on executive organizational identification by highlighting the importance of executive roles and their interactions.
Generative Dynamics of Supreme Court Citations: Analysis with a New Statistical Network Model
Authors: Schmid Christian S. , Chen Ted Hsuan Yun , Desmarais Bruce A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe significance and influence of U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions derive in large part from opinions’ roles as precedents for future opinions. A growing body of literature seeks to understand what drives the use of opinions as precedents through the study of Supreme Court case citation patterns. We raise two limitations of existing work on Supreme Court citations. First, dyadic citations are typically aggregated to the case level before they are analyzed. Second, citations are treated as if they arise independently. We present a methodology for studying citations between Supreme Court opinions at the dyadic level, as a network, that overcomes these limitations. This methodology—the citation exponential random graph model, for which we provide user-friendly software—enables researchers to account for the effects of case characteristics and complex forms of network dependence in citation formation. We then analyze a network that includes all Supreme Court cases decided between 1950 and 2015. We find evidence for dependence processes, including reciprocity, transitivity, and popularity. The dependence effects are as substantively and statistically significant as the effects of exogenous covariates, indicating that models of Supreme Court citations should incorporate both the effects of case characteristics and the structure of past citations.