bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using deep learning to protect the diversity of the ecological environment Based on the prevention and control of alien species
Authors: Han Huijin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ecological environmental protection has gradually changed from the original protected species to the protection of the entire ecosystem, controlling the destruction of biological resources and the ecological environment. The protection of the diversity of the ecological environment is one of the important measures to prevent the destruction of the ecological environment, and the invasion of alien species is one of the important reasons for the destruction of the ecological diversity. The expansion of invasive alien species not only brings various disturbances or damages to the native ecosystem, but also pays a great price for human health and economic and social development. This article uses deep learning related models and methods to identify alien species to help strengthen the prevention and control of alien species. Based on the data of 3000 reporters of the Asian Hornet invading the United States, this paper trains and uses the Bi-LSTM model and the CNN model to identify the pictures of the Asian Hornet reporter’s explanation and feedback, and makes full use of the above two models through XGBoost The output identification results and the temperature, humidity, air pressure and other parameters of the corresponding area were finally successfully screened out of the invalid reports of sightings of the Asian Hornet reported by the masses. Compared with the 1,386 test data, the accuracy rate was as high as 0.956. The results can effectively identify and Prevent and control new species and protect ecological diversity.
Study on Monitoring the ecological environment by SAR model
Authors: Han Huijin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Global environmental problems include environmental pollution and the destruction of ecological balance that transcend national boundaries. With the continuous development of human life, economy, trade, and technology, the intrusion into the environment has continued to deepen, causing extensive destruction of forests and other vegetation, large-scale killing of organisms, environmental pollution, and invasion of alien organisms. This has led to a sharp decline in biodiversity and a serious imbalance in the ecological environment. At the same time, the continuous improvement of information technology capabilities and the introduction of big data management and related detection models have brought new methods to the detection and governance of the global ecological environment. Based on the data related to the spread of Asian Hornet in the United States, this paper proposes a method and model for monitoring the number and distribution of new species based on the SAR model. Based on the spatial relationship and the distribution data of the Asian Hornet in the United States from May 2020 to October 2020, and taking into account environmental and climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure, this paper conducts time series predictions to obtain the extent of the spread of the Hornet in the United States. The average RSME is 91.27, and a relatively ideal prediction result has been obtained, which proves that this model and method have a good effect on the control and management of alien species and the maintenance of ecological diversity.
Lost Dynamics and the Dynamics of Loss: Longitudinal Compression of Brain Signal Variability is Coupled with Declines in Functional Integration and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Garrett Douglas D , Skowron Alexander , Wiegert Steffen , Adolf Janne , Dahle Cheryl L , Lindenberger Ulman , Raz Naftali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReduced moment-to-moment blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability has been consistently linked to advanced age and poorer cognitive performance, showing potential as a functional marker of brain aging. To date, however, this promise has rested exclusively on cross-sectional comparisons. In a sample of 74 healthy adults, we provide the first longitudinal evidence linking individual differences in BOLD variability, age, and performance across multiple cognitive domains over an average period of 2.5 years. As expected, those expressing greater loss of BOLD variability also exhibited greater decline in cognition. The fronto-striato-thalamic system emerged as a core neural substrate for these change–change associations. Preservation of signal variability within regions of the fronto-striato-thalamic system also cohered with preservation of functional integration across regions of this system, suggesting that longitudinal maintenance of “local” dynamics may require across-region communication. We therefore propose this neural system as a primary target in future longitudinal studies on the neural substrates of cognitive aging. Given that longitudinal change–change associations between brain and cognition are notoriously difficult to detect, the presence of such an association within a relatively short follow-up period bolsters the promise of brain signal variability as a viable, experimentally sensitive probe for studying individual differences in human cognitive aging.
Provider Satisfaction With Infectious Diseases Telemedicine Consults for Hospitalized Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Canterino Joseph E , Wang Kaicheng , Golden Marjorie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, our institution transitioned infectious diseases (ID) consultations on hospitalized patients to telemedicine. We evaluated satisfaction with telemedicine among referring providers and ID consultants. Respondents were satisfied with telemedicine consults for hospitalized patients, although there were significant differences in perceptions of quality and timeliness between consultants and referring providers.
Neutralization Heterogeneity of UK and South African Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants in BNT162b2-Vaccinated or Convalescent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Healthcare Workers
Authors: Marot Stéphane , Malet Isabelle , Leducq Valentin , Abdi Basma , Teyssou Elisa , Soulie Cathia , Wirden Marc , Rodriguez Christophe , Fourati Slim , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Boutolleau David , Burrel Sonia , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Jary Aude 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are concerns about neutralizing antibodies’ (NAbs’) potency against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants. Despite decreased NAb titers elicited by BNT162b2 vaccine against VOC202012/01 and 501Y.V2 strains, 28/29 healthcare workers (HCWs) had an NAb titer ≥1:10. In contrast, 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 mild forms, only 9/15 (60%) of HCWs displayed detectable NAbs against 501Y.V2 strain.
DOP02 αEβ7 positive γδ T cells are associated with mucosal healing in Ulcerative Colitis and have a homeostatic immunophenotype
Authors: Dart R , Zlatareva I , Irving P , Hayday A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
α4β7 blockade is a well-established therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC), acting in part by preventing lymphocyte ingress into the mucosa. The β7 unit of the α4β7 heterodimer is shared by α Εβ7, which is expressed on both tissue resident memory cells and γδ intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL). It was hypothesised that targeting both α4- and α Εβ7 might be more efficacious; however mixed results from phase III studies of β7 blockade asks questions of the biological relevance of different α Eβ7 expressing cells.

Methods
Colonic biopsies were obtained during endoscopy from &gt;40 subjects. Lymphocytes were isolated using short term culture or digested from whole tissue. RNA sequencing was performed on α Εβ7pos and α Εβ7neg colonic γδ T cells from 4 donors and findings were validated by flow cytometry.

Results
α Εβ7 is widely expressed on TCRαβ CD8 cells and γδ IEL in both non-IBD controls and the uninflamed mucosa in UC, but its expression is significantly reduced on analogous subsets harvested from inflamed UC. On further study, the capacity of TCRαβ CD8 T cells to make TNFα and IFNγ on stimulation is similar between α Εβ7pos and α Εβ7neg cells, whereas in the γδ T cell compartment α Εβ7neg cells produce significantly more pro-inflammatory cytokine than their homeostatic α Εβ7pos counterparts. To examine the cells’ biology further, γδ T cells were isolated according to their α Εβ7 status and RNAseq undertaken. This revealed a distinct signature with α Εβ7neg cells demonstrating an activated phenotype high in markers such as CD18, CD5 and lymphoid homing receptor CCR7 whereas α Εβ7pos cells demonstrate a homeostatic tissue-resident phenotype, expressing immune checkpoints TIGIT and CD101 and gut-homing marker CCR9. On culturing tissue from non-IBD controls in pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12 and IL-18, the γδ T cell compartment down-regulated α Εβ7 and TIGIT and upregulated CD18, in part recapitulating a disease phenotype. On examining previously affected mucosa of patients who have achieved mucosal healing, α Eβ7 expression of the γδ T cells returned to a profile resembling non-IBD controls whereas the expression levels in the inflamed mucosa remained predictably low.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that α Εβ7 expression is low in active UC but restored in mucosal healing. α Εβ7neg cells are proinflammatory with a distinct phenotype which may in part be recapitulated by inflammatory cytokines in vitro; whereas α Εβ7pos cells demonstrate a homeostatic phenotype, which may both reflect and maintain steady state barrier integrity. Hence in terms of γδ T cells, pharmacological β7 blockade has potential to interfere with the homeostatic roles of α Εβ7 expressing cells while having little effect on a potentially pathogenic subset of tissue α Εβ7neg γδ cells.
DOP25 Association of Enterobacteriaceae with Crohn’s Disease subtypes during remission
Authors: Pisani A , Rausch P , Ellul S , Bang C , Tabone T , Marantidis Cordina C , Zahra G , Ellul P , Franke A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Members of the Enterobacteriaceae have been associated with active Crohn’s Disease (CD), possibly as a result of intestinal inflammation via production of a lipopolysaccharide that can trigger TLR4 signalling. This study aims to assess whether this association persists in remission of CD patients and whether correlation with disease phenotype is present.

Methods
Stool samples of 32 CD patients in remission and 97 healthy controls were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. High quality Amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were derived and classified via DADA2.

Results
ASV 6-Escherichia/Shigella uncl. was found to be more abundant in CD (padj=0.0003) while ASV 24, another member of the Escherichia/Shigella cluster was identified as being an indicator species for CD (padj=0.09). Differential abundance analysis according to phenotype as per Montreal classification revealed that, compared to patients with the B1 phenotype, patients with the B2 and/or B3 have a higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella uncl. (ASVs 13, 31, 282 and 422), Klebsiella uncl. (ASVs 75 and 101) and Enterobacter uncl. (ASV 219) (Figure 1). Furthermore, patients with L3 involvement had higher abundances of Klebsiella uncl. (ASVs 75 and 101) and Parasutturella uncl. (ASVs 22, 53, 120, 199, 249 and 510), the latter being a Proteobacteria, compared to patients with L1 and/or L2 involvement. No significant association with “Age of Onset” was identified. In addition, network analyses revealed a strongly correlated group of Enterobacteriaceae ASVs (Klebsiella, Escherichia/Shigella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) which appear to collectively associate to CD.

Abstract DOP25 – Figure 1: Heatmap visualizing significant differentially abundant ASVs in CD patients with respect to behaviour subgroups

Conclusion
Enterobacteriaceae persist in the faecal microbiota in significantly higher levels than controls despite remission and furthermore are associated with the more severe phenotypes of stricturing and penetrating disease. Further studies might indicate whether microbiota assessment on diagnosis might predict CD subtypes and therefore influence therapeutic choices.
DOP58 Non-white race is associated with decreased efficacy of tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: A post-hoc analysis of individual level data from golimumab clinical trials
Authors: Greywoode R , Petralia F , Ullman T , Colombel J F , Ungaro R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Observational studies suggest non-white patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have worse clinical outcomes.1 There are limited data on whether race impacts response to biologic therapy. We therefore aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist golimumab comparing white to non-white participants, using individual participant level data from phase 2/3 randomized clinical trials of TNF antagonist therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods
We conducted a pooled analysis of individual-level data from the induction and maintenance trials of golimumab in UC accessible through Yale University Open Data Access Project (YODA). There were insufficient non-white participants in infliximab studies accessible through YODA, precluding meaningful analysis. We analyzed patients in the placebo and treatment arms separately. Our primary outcome was clinical response and secondary outcomes were clinical remission and endoscopic healing according to clinical trial definitions. We compared white and non-white (defined as Black, Asian, or Other race) participants using multivariable logistic regression a priori adjusting for age, sex, treatment group, baseline Mayo score, immunomodulator and corticosteroid use. Effect estimates were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
A total of 1,006 participants were included in the induction trial (PURSUIT-SC; 18% non-white) and 783 participants in the maintenance trial (PURSUIT-M; 17% non-white). Non-white participants had significantly lower odds of week 6 clinical response (aOR 0.43, 95%CI 0.28–0.66), clinical remission (aOR 0.41, 95%CI 0.22–0.77) and endoscopic remission (aOR 0.48, 95%CI 0.30–0.74) compared to white participants (Figure). Non-white participants also had a lower adjusted odds of week 30 clinical response (aOR 0.64, 95%CI 0.40–1.01), clinical remission (aOR 0.45, 95%CI 0.28–0.74), and endoscopic remission (aOR 0.62, 95%CI 0.41–0.96). By week 54, the lower odds of these outcomes among non-whites were no longer statistically significant (Figure).

Conclusion
Non-white UC patients were less likely to achieve clinical response, clinical remission, and endoscopic healing with golimumab compared to white patients in these clinical trials. Further studies are needed to understand these differences and whether they are observed with other drugs or outside the context of clinical trials.

Reference
DOP70 Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to attenuate colitis through repairing intestinal mucosal barrier
Authors: Yang S , Liang X , Liu A , Zhang X 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disease characterized by persistent intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is a promising therapy in IBD and other autoimmune diseases. Recent studies indicated that exosomes are the main therapeutic vectors of MSCs in treatment of IBD, but the therapeutic mechanism of exosomes derived from MSCs (MSCs-EXO) remains to be explored. The aims of our research is to explore whether MSCs-EXO have a protective effect on the intestinal barrier.

Methods
The serum-free cell culture supernatant of Human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) cultured for 48 hours was collected to extract exosomes. Two separate mouse models of IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) were administered MSCs-EXO intraperitoneally. The effects of MSCs-EXO on intestinal inflammation, colon barrier function and proportion of T cells were investigated.

Results
Intraperitoneal injection of MSCs-EXO significantly ameliorated colitis, especially reduced disease activity index and mortality, and inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration. The protective effect of MSCs-EXO on intestinal barrier was demonstrated by reducing the loss of goblet cells and the intestinal mucosa permeability, improving the destruction of tight junctions (TJs) structures and microvilli, and increasing the expression of TJs proteins ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin. MSCs-EXO administration downregulated the level of proinflammatory cytokines, including CXCL14, IL-1β, IL-11, and IL-12 and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and TGF-β in colon tissue. MSCs-EXO also modulated the response of Th2 cells and Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN).

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that MSCs-EXO promoted mucosal barrier repair and maintained intestinal immune homeostasis in murine colitis model.
DOP72 Perianal Crohn’s Disease in the biologic era: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Jenkinson P , Plevris N , Lyons M , Siakavellas S , Arnott I , Jones G R , Watson A , Lees C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Peri-anal Crohn’s disease (pCD) significantly affects quality of life in patients with CD. The natural history of pCD in the era of biologic therapy is poorly understood. Perianal surgery includes examination under anaesthesia (EUA), drainage of peri-anal sepsis, seton instertion and fistula manipulation. EUA forms part of the standard of care at diagnosis of pCD and therefore can be used as a proxy for incidence of pCD.

Methods
CD patients were identified from the Lothian IBD registry, a physician validated registry of all IBD cases within Lothian which has been shown to be 94.3% complete. Prospectively collected coding data was used to identify peri-anal surgery, which was validated by review of the electronic health record. Biologic prescription data was extracted from the Lothian biologics database; a physician validated, prospectively collected registry. Time trend analysis was performed for the period 2000 to 2017 by 1) calculating annual incidence rates of peri-anal interventions for all patients with CD and estimating annual percentage change and 2) by calculating cumulative incidence of pCD and biologic prescription in newly diagnosed CD and 3) stratifying by era of diagnosis (Cohort 1: 2000–2008 and Cohort 2: 2009–2017.

Results
2937 patients with CD were identified in the study period, with 1108 operations for pCD performed on 381 patients. Rates of surgery fell from 5.1 to 2.0 operations per 100 CD patients per year between 2000 and 2017 (p&lt;0.001) giving an annual percentage change of -3.4% (-4.9% to -1.9% 95% CI) (fig 1).
1753 new diagnoses of CD were made of whom 247 developed pCD. 5 year risk of pCD was 12.8% (9.5–16.6%) with no significant difference identified between cohort 1 (11.5%) and cohort 2 (13.8%) (p=0.116) (fig 2). The 5 year incidence of biologic prescription for patients with pCD increased from 11.2% in cohort 1 to 58.1% in cohort 2 (p&lt;0.001) (fig 3).

Figure 1: Number of peri-anal interventions per 100 CD patients per year (multiple procedures per patient included).

Figure 2: Kaplan Meier curves showing cumulative incidence of pCD stratified by era of diagnosis.

Figure 3: Kaplan Meier curves showing cumulative incidence of biologic prescription in patients with CD stratified by era of diagnosis and presence of pCD.

Conclusion
The incidence of pCD remains unchanged over time. Although we cannot ascribe causality, the overall decrease in surgery for pCD has been paralleled by a marked increase in the use of biologic medication.
N02 PREVIEW study: Factors associated with willingness to switch from intravenous to subcutaneous formulations of CT-P13 and vedolizumab in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Asnong K , Hoefkens E , Lembrechts N , Van de Schoot I , Pouillon L , Bossuyt P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Subcutaneous (SC) formulations were recently approved for CT-P13 and vedolizumab (VED). No insights in the willingness of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) to switch from intravenous (IV) to SC maintenance therapy with CT-P13 and VED are available. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the percentage of patients with IBD in favour of switching to SC formulations, (2) to define the factors influencing this decision, and (3) to explore the role of the IBD nurse in the process of switching.

Methods
This was a monocentric study in patients with IBD on maintenance IV CT-P13 or VED. All patients attending the infusion unit were invited to complete a survey exploring the willingness to switch to SC formulations. Prior to completing the survey, patients were informed on the new SC formulations and the accompanying care pathway. The survey was performed prior to the market introduction of SC CT-P13 and VED. Demographics, patient reported outcomes, willingness to switch and reason for IV vs. SC preferences were captured.

Results
In total, 183 (91%) patients completed the survey (m/f: 84/99; CD/UC/IBD-U: 120/57/6; median age 45 IQR 34–59; remission CD/UC: 67%/75%). The majority of patients preferred switching to SC (56% yes, 12% no, 32% doubt). The main driver to switch was an anticipated decrease in hospital visits (90%); the main reason to continue IV was fear of change (61%). Patients doubting to switch had a lower stool frequency compared with patients making a definite decision (p=0.012). Factors significantly associated with the willingness to switch in the univariate analysis were younger age (p&lt;0.0001), experience with SC therapy (p=0.03), full time work occupancy (p=0.001), younger age at start IV therapy (p=0.001), shorter disease duration (p=0.012), and compliance level (p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate analysis retained younger age as the only independent factor. For patients doubting to switch, an electronic alert (71%), an information brochure (69%), and a personal teaching moment (60%) were recognised as valuable support. An information package should cover patient-focused efficacy and safety data of SC therapy, therapeutic options in case of disease worsening, and practical concerns including information about administrative issues and travelling.

Conclusion
This is the first study exploring the willingness to switch from IV to SC maintenance therapy with CT-P13 and VED in patients with IBD. The majority prefers to switch to a SC formulation, with willingness to switch being most likely in younger patients. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of nurse led interventions on the willingness to switch, patient satisfaction, and treatment compliance.