bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’île de Bilāq dans le Kitāb Nuzhat al-Muštāq d’al-Idrīsī (XIIe siècle). Généalogie d’une confusion
Authors: Seignobos Robin 
Published: October 2021

La description de l’île de Bilāq chez le géographe al-Idrīsī, au xiie siècle, tranche nettement avec les récits de ses prédécesseurs et ne correspond que très partiellement à l’îlot de Philae auquel Bilāq est d’ordinaire identifiée. Alors qu’elle est normalement située légèrement en amont de la première cataracte, Bilāq devient chez Idrīsī une immense île localisée bien en amont de la Vallée, en plein pays nubien, au confluent du Nil et d’un fleuve provenant d’Éthiopie. Les commentateurs modernes s’accordent à reconnaître qu’il y a là un amalgame probable avec la région de l’interfluve Nil-Atbara, sans parvenir pour autant à en comprendre les raisons. Cet article s’efforce précisément d’examiner les sources et les méthodes mises en œuvre par le géographe de Sicile afin d’éclairer la généalogie de cette confusion. Celle-ci repose en dernier lieu sur la difficulté à adapter des informations hétérogènes, dont une partie au moins est issue d’entretiens oraux avec des voyageurs, au cadre ptoléméen dans lequel Idrīsī entend les fondre. L’île de Bilaq se superpose alors au souvenir rémanent de l’île de Méroé, figure majeure de la géographie ptoléméenne du Haut Nil.
« VU » pour vulnérable : la police à l’assaut des problèmes sociaux
Authors: Ouellet Guillaume , Bernheim Emmanuelle , Morin Daphné 
Published: October 2021

Le système pénal apparaît de plus en plus comme un moyen de responsabiliser les individus qui ne correspondent pas à l’idéal du citoyen productif, doublé d’un dispositif pour orienter ceux-ci vers des traitements qui leur permettront de participer pleinement à la société. À partir d’une analyse de la littérature sur le sujet et des résultats de deux projets de recherche menés au Québec, cet article propose de mettre en lumière la manière dont les services policiers participent activement au virage thérapeutique de l’État, en ciblant et en intervenant de façon intensive auprès d’individus catégorisés comme étant « vulnérables ».
A laboratory method for mass rearing the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Weeraddana Chaminda De Silva , Wise Ian , Lamb Robert J. , Wolfe Sheila , Wist Tyler , McCartney Curt A. , Smith Marjorie A.H. , Costamagna Alejandro C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has been successfully reared in the laboratory for more than 20 years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The rearing method has been developed to the point where it efficiently produces large numbers of wheat midge continuously under laboratory conditions for use in experiments on wheat midge biology and for screening wheat lines for crop resistance. Adult survival was extended by providing high humidity, and oviposition was increased by simulating natural dawn and dusk conditions and by supplying preflowering spring wheat to adults. Preventing desiccation of the wheat midge larvae in the wheat spikes before overwintering in soil and providing optimal cold conditions for a long enough period to break larval diapause enabled successful adult emergence. We provide data to facilitate the coordination of timing of wheat midge emergence from diapause with the wheat susceptible period. The method can be readily scaled up for screening many lines for resistance or scaled down for small experiments. Here, we report details of the rearing method so that others can implement it for research on the management of this internationally important pest.
Experiments on invertebrate predation on cladocerans and its relationships with lake data
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Tânia C. , Arcifa Marlene S. 
Published: October 2021

Until recently, knowledge of the impact of invertebrate predators on cladocerans in the Brazilian Lake Monte Alegre was limited to a few species. In order to assess the effects of predation on other cladoceran species, experiments were carried out with different pair-wise combinations of prey species. The experiments tested predation by fourth instar larvae of the dipteran Chaoborus brasiliensis Theobald on neonates and adults of the cladocerans Daphnia gessneri Herbst, Diaphanosoma birgei Kořínek, and Ceriodaphnia richardi Sars, and predation by the water mite Krendowskia sp. on neonates and adults of C. richardi and D. gessneri. In replicated treatments, the prey was offered alone or in combination with neonates and adults of two species and kept in bottles on a plankton wheel under controlled temperature, photoperiod, and light conditions. Chaoborus larvae preyed on neonates of D. birgei and D. gessneri and on adults of the former species. They preyed preferentially on neonates and adults of D. birgei over neonates and adults of C. richardi. The mite Krendowskia sp. preyed on only one species: neonates and adults of D. gessneri. Data on the distribution and strategies of prey in the lake are discussed in light of the experimental results, in an attempt to establish a link between laboratory data and field conditions.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Enhanced the Developmental and Implantation Compatibility of Mouse Embryos in Co-culture with Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hosseini Ali , Movaghar Bahar , Abkenari Showra Amani , Nazari Hassan , Bakhtiyari Mehrdad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Among the various in vitro embryo culture systems, co-culture has demonstrated remarkable effects in pre-implantation embryo development owing to the production of embryo-nourishing factors. Nevertheless, little is known about the secretion of these factors. Therefore, in this study, the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), one of the most important nourishing factors in the early development of mouse embryos, in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) was evaluated.

Methods:
Two-cell stage embryos were collected from the oviducts of hyper-stimulated and mated mice and cultivated in a co-culture with an hEEC monolayer with or without LIF. The quality and developmental and attachment potential rates of cultured embryos were evaluated by determining the levels of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2) transcripts.

Results:
LIF significantly increased the developmental rate (82.67% vs. 61.04%, respectively) and attachment rate (64% vs. 45.45%, respectively) of mouse embryos co-cultured with hEECs compared to those in untreated embryos. The expression levels of Oct4 and Cdx2 in blastocysts cultured in the presence of LIF were higher than those in blastocysts cultured without LIF.

Conclusions:
Despite the secretion of LIF by hEECs during co-culture with embryos, the amount of this factor was insufficient, and its addition to the culture media could increase the developmental potential of embryos.
Comparison of intralesional bleomycin with/without doxycycline in the primary management of pediatric lymphangiomas
Authors: Pawar Naresh M , Singh Aditya Pratap , Gupta Arun Kumar , Chaturvedi Vinita , Barolia Dinesh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Although surgical excision is the treatment of choice for lymphangiomas, recently many centers are practicing intralesional sclerotherapy as the primary modality. The purpose of this study was to review the efficacy of intralesional Bleomycin, to study the efficacy of a combination of intralesional bleomycin and doxycycline and compare the results.

Materials and Methods:
In this clinical observational study, all patients were evaluated clinically and color Doppler ultrasonography. Patients were grouped into Group A, in which intralesional Bleomycin alone and Group B, in which a combination of intralesional Bleomycin and Doxycycline was instilled into the cysts. The clinical response was assessed and compared between the groups.

Results:
Out of 52 patients in the study, the most common site of lymphangioma was cervical 28 (53%) and the most common type was macrocystic lesion 44 (84.5%). In Group A, out of 26 patients, the response was excellent in 15 (58%), satisfactory in 8 (30%), and poor in 3 (12%). In Group B, out of 26 patients, the response was excellent in 22 (85%), satisfactory in 2 (7.5%), and poor in 2 (7.5%). The postprocedure complications were observed more in Group A than Group B, of which the most common was pain/tenderness in five patients followed by redness and fever.

Conclusion:
Intralesional bleomycin alone and a combination of intralesional bleomycin and Doxycycline injection both can be safe and effective sclerosant formulas for primary nonsurgical management. The use of combination of Bleomycin and Doxycycline required fewer treatment sessions to obtain clinical success compared to Bleomycin alone.
Geriatric nutritional risk index in screening malnutrition among young adult and elderly trauma patients
Authors: Liu Yueh-Wei , Tsai Ching-Hua , Chou Sheng-En , Su Wei-Ti , Li Chi , Hsu Shiun-Yuan , Hsieh Ching-Hua 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) calculated as 1.489 × albumin (g/dL) +41.7× (current body weight/ideal body weight) is useful in identifying high-risk for malnutrition in elderly patients with subacute or chronic diseases. Given that trauma patients have sustained injuries in an acute condition, this study is designed to explore the association between GNRI on admission and outcomes in elderly and young adult patients with trauma.

Materials and Methods:
From January 01, 2009, to December 31, 2019, a total of 1772 elderly and 2194 young adult trauma patients were categorized into four nutritional risk groups according to GNRI: high-risk group (GNRI <82), moderate-risk group (GNRI 82 to <92), low-risk group (GNRI 92–98), and no-risk group (GNRI >98). Propensity score-matched patient cohorts were created in different nutritional risk groups against the no-risk group to minimize the confounding effects of sex, age, pre-existing comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Injury Severity Score on outcome measurements. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcome was the length of hospital stay.

Results:
Young adult patients with trauma were comparable in pattern of mortality outcomes and hospital stays to that in elderly patients. Analysis of the selected propensity score-matched patient cohorts revealed that both elderly and young adult patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher odds of mortality (elderly, odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.00-14.03; P < 0.009; young adult, OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.45-5.11; P = 0.001) and longer hospital stay (elderly, 21.5 days vs. 12.4 days, respectively, P < 0.001; young adults, 22.5 days vs. 14.1 days, respectively, P < 0.001) than those of the no-risk group.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that the GNRI could serve as a useful screening method to identify high-risk malnutrition in acutely injured trauma patients, including not only the elderly trauma patients but also the young adult trauma patients.
Comparative evolution of clinical efficacy of manual tooth brush versus chewable tooth brush a randomized clinical trail
Authors: Reddy Kola Srikanth , Soubhgya M , Begum Nuzula , Vuggirala Vikram , Nallagula K. Harshita , Nagakishore  
Published: October 2021

Background:
Plaque control is the daily removal of dental plaque, oral biofilms, and also prevention of their accumulation on the other parts of the oral cavity. Dental plaque is the major etiology of maximum gingival and periodontal diseases. This study is an effort to find if chewable brushing is better than manual.

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of manual toothbrush and chewable toothbrush on fifty patients, in the age group of 8–12 years over a period of 28 days.

Materials and Methods:
This study used a randomized, double-blinding, single-center, two-treatment, parallel group, design subjects with mild to moderate plaque and gingivitis were evaluated for baseline whole mouth gingival margin and approximal plaque. Clinical assessments were performed using the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Subjects received either manual or chewable toothbrush. Data were entered on to the Microsoft Excel and statically analyzed using (SPSS version 21.0 IBM, Chicago III, IL, USA). Data were evaluated by t-test with a P < 0.005 considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Fifty subjects participated in the study; 25 in the manual toothbrush and 25 in the chewable toothbrush group. Both brushes demonstrated significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis over the 28 days study period (P < 0.001). The chewable toothbrush was significantly more effective than the manual toothbrush. No adverse events were observed with either brush.

Conclusion:
The plaque and gingivitis reduction for the chewable toothbrush were significantly greater than for the Manual toothbrush.
Effect of Cryotherapy on Postoperative Pain
Authors: Jain Atul , Chauhan Shivani , Bahuguna Rachana , Agarwal Abhinay , Sharma Rohit , Khan Faisal 
Published: October 2021

Context:
Postoperative pain(POP) as a consequence of root canal preparation, is a major side effect, of endodontic treatment. It can be prevented by the use of cryotherapy. This randomized control trial was carried out, to test the latter's efficacy, so that it can be recommended, as a preventive measure for POP, during endodontic treatment.

Aims:
To evaluate the effect of cryotherapy on post-operative pain (POP) during endodontic treatment.

Setting and design:
Randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria [Table 1] in mandibular premolars, diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and normal periapical tissues.

Methods & Material:
40 patients were randomly distributed into two groups, Experimental and Control. In the experimental group, 10ml cold saline solution, at -, while in the control group, 10ml of saline solution at room temperature, was used as the final irrigant. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire, pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours.

Statistical analysis:
The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version ' .0' software.

Results:
Incidence and intensity of POP, was found to be lower in patients treated with cold saline.

Conclusion:
Use of cold saline solution as final irrigant, during endodontic treatment, reduces the incidence and intensity of post endodontic pain.
Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Various Periodontal Surgeries in Vicinity of Nagpur City
Authors: Niswade Grishmi , Gattani Deepti , Ughade Suresh 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Among the postoperative complications following periodontal surgery, the risk of infection stands out the most since infection of the surgical site can lead to poor surgical outcomes in terms of wound healing.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate antibiotic-prescribing practices for various periodontal surgeries in vicinity of Nagpur city.

Materials and Methods:
An anonymous survey was distributed to periodontists through Google forms. The survey questioned prescribing practices for various periodontal surgeries, the demographic data and place of practice of the clinician, rationale for prescribing or not prescribing antibiotics, and acceptability of guidelines. The survey consisted of 12 questions, 7 of which were questioned to the practitioners “In an otherwise healthy patient, would you prescribe antibiotics for a X procedure” where X included various periodontal surgeries. Response choices were limited to “In most cases yes, in most cases no and I do not perform this procedure.” Results were analyzed using statistical software.

Results:
A total of 50 periodontists responded out of 98 who were contacted to participate in the survey with a response rate of 51%. Nearly 58% of practitioners had a predominant work setting of a dental college and 42% have a predominant work setting of private practice. Practitioners were significantly more likely to prescribe antibiotics all the periodontal surgical procedures. The most common rationale for prescribing antibiotics was to decrease the chances of developing an infection, whereas the most common rationale for not prescribing antibiotics was a healthy patient and based on current and previous literature. Nearly 66% of practitioners reported that they would follow the guidelines for antibiotic prescription if they were developed by American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). Bivariate analysis revealed that there is no significant role of other characteristics on the response of an individual. Even multivariate analysis does not reveal significance of baseline characteristics although it revealed that respondents working in a dental college are 2.15 times more likely to follow AAP guidelines as compared to private practitioners. Females are 1.64 times more likely to follow AAP guidelines as compared to males and respondents practicing inside Nagpur are 1.35 times more likely to follow AAP guidelines as compared to those practicing outside city.

Conclusion:
Practitioners are more likely to prescribe antibiotics in the majority of the periodontal surgical procedures despite the standard indications for prescription. This misuse can lead to numerous complications in treatment and development of antibiotic resistance. Based on these results, specific guidelines for the use of antibiotics suggesting a particular antibiotic to be used in a particular periodontal surgery and its duration is the need of the hour to prevent the overuse of antibiotics.
To Review the Effect of Tightened and Loosened Torque on Two Different Implant–Abutment Connection Designs
Authors: Arneja Jyoti , Pawah Salil , Gupta Amit , Manisha  , Pathak Chetan , Jain Neha 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
It is crucial to take care of stability between various implant parts for the general success rate of the reconstruction. Component fit, saliva contamination, machining accuracy, and screw preload influence the steadiness of implant–abutment connection. Loosening of abutment screws has been a well-known technical problem.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to gauge repeated tightening and loosening torque on two commercially available implant/abutment connection designs.

Study Design:
This was an in vitro study.

Methodology:
A total of 32 implant analogs samples using a metal die with, metal ring of 20mm x 20mm x 20mm in size and a hole in the center were prepared. For both the groups, the implant analog was axially threaded within bases. They were clasped at an edge parallel to the standard minimal bone position. A 35 N/cm torque was enforced, each implant and abutment connection in both the groups using toque ratchet. After 20 min, screws were loosened and detorque measurement was recorded up to ten times. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of selected screws also are presented. SPSS (21.0 version) was used for analyzing data.

Results:
The mean residual torque for Group 1 was − 51.45 and Group 2 was − 43.29. The RTq (%) was found to be significantly less (0.028*) among Group 2: conical connection as compared to Group 1: butt joint connection.

Conclusion:
The loosening torque was significantly less in conical connection as compared to butt joint connection.
A Study of Psychiatrists' Attitudes and Concerns toward the Practice and Stigma Associated with Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Nagda Parth , Harshe Devavrat , Karia Sagar , Harshe Sneha , Harshe Gurudas , Shah Nilesh , de Sousa Avinash 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown to have efficacy and safety in treating psychiatric disorders. Studies have shown psychiatrists harboring negative attitudes about its use. The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes of psychiatrists toward practice and use of ECT and stigma associated with it.

Methodology:
A self-designed questionnaire was mailed electronically. Participants were asked to rate their attitudes and experience of using ECT in practice, concerns faced during prescribing ECTs, and possible solutions for destigmatization of ECTs.

Results:
We received 483 valid responses. Majority had positive attitudes toward the current use of ECT. Practicing in a metropolitan city, working in multiple clinics, having a family history of psychiatric illness, and having a member of the family treated with ECTs were associated with significantly more positive attitude and less concern about ECT. Poor socio-occupational strata, poor financial status, poor educational status, diagnosis of psychosis, and history of suicidal illness were associated with better acceptance of ECT by patients and caregivers. Improving undergraduate education in psychiatry and ECT and organizing interactions between patients advised ECT and patients improved with ECT were felt as effective solutions to counter ECT-related stigma by most number of psychiatrists.

Conclusions:
Psychiatrists in India have positive attitudes toward ECT yet have major concerns about caregiver reactions and patient dropouts while prescribing ECT. Practice location and prior exposure to psychiatric illness and ECT affect attitudes toward ECT. Psychiatrists suggested multiple strategies to reduce stigma associated with ECTs, changing the name of ECT to a nonstigmatizing was one of them.
Process of identity development and psychological functioning
Authors: Rajagopalreddy D , Varghese Kelamparampil 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Identity is a crucial milestone achievement for adolescents to become contributing adult members in society. This narrative research focused on exploring the link between identity development and psychological functioning and understanding the process of Indian adolescents' and adults' identity development and psychological functioning. Often, the Indian identity researchers use the theories of identity development conceptualized by Erikson, James Marcia and Michael Berzonsky which have been primarily conceptualized to understand the process of individual's identity development in the western individualistic cultural context. These theorists based their theories on certain essential contextual conditions, for the individuals' identity development. This review article critically explored the availability and applicability of those contextual conditions for Indian adolescents' and adults' identity development.

Methods:
The articles for the review were mainly collected from the online databases such as PROQUEST Research Library, Taylor and Francis, the archives of the Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, the archives of the Indian Journal of Psychiatry, EBSCO, and Google. A narrative review method was used to examine various elements of the process of identity development conceptualized by the mainstream identity development theorists Erikson, James Marcia, and Michael Berzonsky and their applicability to the process of Indian adolescents' and adults' identity development.

Results:
The review found that the processes of mainstream identity development theories have some serious limitations in their applicability to the Indian context.

Conclusions:
This article identified alternative identity development processes and interventions that could be used to enhance Indian adolescents' and adults' identity development.