bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships between electricity, gas, and water consumption in large‐scale buildings
Authors: Movahedi Ali , Derrible Sybil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs cities keep growing worldwide, so does the demand for key resources such as electricity, gas, and water that residents consume. Meeting the demand for these resources can be challenging and it requires an understanding of the consumption patterns. In this study, we apply extreme gradient boosting to predict and analyze electricity, gas, and water consumption in large‐scale buildings in New York City and use SHapley Additive exPlanation to interpret the results. For this, the New York City's local law 84 extensive dataset was merged with the Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output dataset as well as with other socio‐economic datasets. Specifically, we developed and validated three models: electricity, gas, and water consumption. Overall, we find that electricity, gas, and water consumptions are highly interrelated, but the interrelationships are complex and not universal. The main factor influencing these interrelationships seems to be the technology used for space and water heating (i.e., electricity vs. gas). Building type also has a large impact on interrelationships (i.e., residential vs. nonresidential), especially between electricity and water. Moreover, we also find a nonlinear relationship between gas consumption and building intensity. The main results are summarized into seven major findings. Overall, this study contributes to the urban metabolism literature that ultimately aims to gain a fundamental understanding of how energy and resources are consumed in cities.
The Hippo pathway: Horizons for innovative treatments of peripheral nerve diseases
Authors: Feltri M. Laura , Weaver Michael R. , Belin Sophie , Poitelon Yannick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInitially identified in Drosophila, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates how cells respond to their environment by controlling proliferation, migration and differentiation. Many recent studies have focused on characterizing Hippo pathway function and regulation in mammalian cells. Here, we present a brief overview of the major components of the Hippo pathway, as well as their regulation and function. We comprehensively review the studies that have contributed to our understanding of the Hippo pathway in the function of the peripheral nervous system and in peripheral nerve diseases. Finally, we discuss innovative approaches that aim to modulate Hippo pathway components in diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
MULTISIDED PLATFORMS AND MARKETS: A SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Sanchez‐Cartas Juan Manuel , León Gonzalo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlatforms are everywhere. The rise of Uber, Netflix, and Facebook has attracted a lot of attention to this business model. However, despite its relevance and presence in the digital economy, the definition of platforms, their main characteristics, the intuitions about how they set prices, solve coordination issues, or choose their ownership structure seem to be scattered in many papers. This review attempts to organize the last two decades of research on multisided platforms around three essential elements of platforms: price structure, network effects, and control rights. We highlight which definitions are used in the literature, how they are related to the defining characteristics of platforms, and what research has been made on those characteristics. We pay special attention to the research done on pricing, coordination problems, and ownership structure. We conclude by reviewing the theoretical evidence around monopolization and competition policy in multisided markets.
Grieving a Grandparent: The Importance of Gender and Multigenerational Relationships
Authors: Stokes Jeffrey E. , Kim Yijung K. , Kim Kyungmin , Fingerman Karen L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined adult grandchildren's experience of losing a grandparent in the context of a multigenerational family.BackgroundAlthough the death of a grandparent in adulthood is often an expected life event, this loss may still result in grief for adult grandchildren. Furthermore, bereavement is not merely an individual experience, but a family one. Characteristics of the relationship between bereaved adult grandchildren and their bereaved middle‐generation parents may influence adult grandchildren's grief responses. This includes both structural (e.g., gender of parent; coresidence with parent) and emotional (e.g., relationship quality; worry about parent) aspects of this tie.MethodYoung adult grandchildren from Wave 2 of the Family Exchanges Study (2013, N = 204) reported on their recent grandparent loss experiences (N = 216) and relationships with their middle‐generation parents (N = 142).ResultsThree‐level multilevel models revealed that (a) grandsons who lost a grandmother reported significantly fewer grief symptoms than all other gender combinations; (b) worry about a middle‐generation parent was associated with higher grief symptoms, but; (c) this effect was significantly stronger when the middle‐generation parent was a mother, and when adult grandchildren were coresident with that bereaved parent. Finally, relationship quality with the middle‐generation parent was not associated with grief symptoms, irrespective of context.ConclusionResults highlight the intersection of emotional and structural aspects of multigenerational relationships following the death of a family member.
Estimating extreme cancellation rates in life insurance
Authors: Biagini Francesca , Huber Tobias , Jaspersen Johannes G. , Mazzon Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the risk of a mass lapse event in life insurance. The rarity of the event and the complexity of policyholder behavior make the risk assessment of such a scenario difficult. Using a simulation study, we evaluate how different estimation methods can assess the risk of this scenario, using panel data at the company level. We then use the best‐performing method to estimate the probability distribution function of a mass cancellation event in the United States and Germany. We identify dependencies of the event on company and country characteristics, which have not been taken into account by regulating agencies. We also find that the current mass lapse scenario in Solvency II has no empirical foundation for the German market. We show that an empirically valid scenario leads to a significantly lower solvency capital requirement for the average German life insurer.
From NAFLD to MAFLD: Nurse and allied health perspective
Authors: Clayton Michelle , Fabrellas Núria , Luo Jinkai , Alghamdi Mohammed G. , Hafez Azaa , Qadiri Tahani Al , Owise Nevin , Attia Dina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, though both patient and health professional still lack awareness of it. An international consensus panel has produced what is sure to be an influential report renaming the disease from non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and suggesting how the disease should be diagnosed. This viewpoint explores the call from the perspective of nurse and allied health practitioners. This group have raised serious concerns on the existing nomenclature, which labels the disease as NAFLD, and its diagnostic criteria, including provoking nurse role confusion and representing a major barrier to various key aspects; patient‐nurse communications, patient awareness, partnership working, motivation of patients to undertake lifestyle changes and multiple health behaviour change promotion and nurse‐led clinics. Therefore, they are enthusiastically supportive of this call to reframe the disease that we believe will ultimately have a positive impact on nurse‐patient communication, and through this, improve patient care and quality of life and reduce burden on health system.
Demography, genetic diversity and expansion load in the colonizing species Leontodon longirostris (Asteraceae) throughout its native range
Authors: de Pedro Manuel , Riba Miquel , González‐Martínez Santiago C. , Seoane Pedro , Bautista Rocío , Claros Manuel Gonzalo , Mayol Maria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnravelling the evolutionary processes underlying range expansions is fundamental to understand the distribution of organisms, as well as to predict their future responses to environmental change. Predictions for range expansions include a loss of genetic diversity and an accumulation of deleterious alleles along the expansion axis, which can decrease fitness at the range‐front (expansion load). In plants, empirical studies supporting expansion load are scarce, and its effects remain to be tested outside a few model species. Leontodon longirostris is a colonizing Asteraceae with a widespread distribution in the Western Mediterranean, providing a particularly interesting system to gain insight into the factors that can enhance or mitigate expansion load. In this study, we produced a first genome draft for the species, covering 418 Mbp (~53% of the genome). Although incomplete, this draft was suitable to design a targeted sequencing of ~1.5 Mbp in 238 L. longirostris plants from 21 populations distributed along putative colonization routes in the Iberian Peninsula. Inferred demographic history supports a range expansion from southern Iberia around 40,000 years ago, reaching northern Iberia around 25,000 years ago. The expansion was accompanied by a loss of genetic diversity and a significant increase in the proportion of putatively deleterious mutations. However, levels of expansion load in L. longirostris were smaller than those found in other plant species, which can be explained, at least partially, by its high dispersal ability, the self‐incompatible mating system, and the fact that the expansion occurred along a strong environmental cline.
Rapid changes in DNA methylation associated with the initiation of reproduction in a small songbird
Authors: Lindner Melanie , Laine Veronika N. , Verhagen Irene , Viitaniemi Heidi M. , Visser Marcel E. , van Oers Kees , Husby Arild 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpecies with a circannual life cycle need to match the timing of their life history events to the environment to maximize fitness. However, our understanding of how circannual traits such as timing of reproduction are regulated on a molecular level remains limited. Recent studies have implicated that epigenetic mechanisms can be an important part in the processes that regulate circannual traits. Here, we explore the role of DNA methylation in mediating reproductive timing in a seasonally breeding bird species, the great tit (Parus major), using genome‐wide DNA methylation data from individual females that were blood sampled repeatedly throughout the breeding season. We demonstrate rapid and directional changes in DNA methylation within the promoter region of several genes, including a key transcription factor (NR5A1) known from earlier studies to be involved in the initiation of timing of reproduction. Interestingly, the observed changes in DNA methylation at NR5A1 identified here are in line with earlier gene expression studies of reproduction in chicken, indicating that the observed shifts in DNA methylation at this gene can have a regulatory role. Our findings provide an important step towards elucidating the genomic mechanism that mediates seasonal timing of a key life history traits and provide support for the idea that epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in circannual traits.
Nationalism in the 21st century: Neo‐tribal or plural?
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNations are faced today with a new set of social and economic challenges: economic globalisation has intensified bringing with it a more intense phase of cultural interconnectedness and political interdependence. Nation‐states see their sovereign powers eroded and are transformed to post‐national states as the political space they govern is no longer congruent with the socio‐economic space which transcends the national borders. Nonetheless, the nation continues to be a powerful source of identity and legitimacy. We are actually witnessing in Europe and worldwide a comeback of nationalism oftentimes in an aggressive, nativist and populist guise. This paper seeks to offer a new analytical lens through which to make sense of this new tide of nationalism. It therefore reviews critically the ethnic vs civic and perennialist, primordialist, modernist and ethnosymbolist approaches to suggest that they are no longer fit for purpose in explaining where nations and nationalism come from and where they are headed to. The paper proposes a new analytical framework which distinguishes between plural and neo‐tribal nationalism, focusing on how nations interact with diversity and permeability in the 21st century context.
Alteration of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate with aging induces contractile dysfunction of colonic smooth muscle cells via Ca2+‐activated K+ channel (BKCa) upregulation
Authors: Shen Xiaoxue , Zhang Ling , Jiang Ling , Xiong Wenjie , Tang Yurong , Lin Lin , Yu Ting 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAge‐associated changes alter calcium‐activated potassium channel (BKCa) expression of colon. Sphingolipids (SLs) are important cell membrane structural components; altered composition of SLs may affect BKCa expression. This study investigated the mechanism by which sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) contributes to age‐associated contractile dysfunction.MethodsFifty male Sprague Dawley rats of different ages were randomly assigned to five age‐groups, namely 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. BKCa expression, S1P levels, and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p‐MLC) levels were tested in colonic tissues. In the absence and presence of S1P treatment, BKCa expression, p‐MLC levels, and intracellular calcium mobilization were tested in vitro. BKCa small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to investigate whether p‐MLC expression and calcium mobilization were affected by BKCa in colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The expressions of phosphorylated protein kinase B, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs), extracellular‐regulated protein kinases, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), and protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) were examined to investigate the correlation between S1P and BKCa.Key ResultsSphingosine‐1‐phosphate levels and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) and BKCa expressions were upregulated and p‐MLC expression was downregulated in the colonic tissues, age dependently. In the cultured SMCs, S1P treatment increased BKCa expression and reduced calcium concentration and p‐MLC was observed. BKCa siRNA increased calcium concentration, and p‐MLC levels significantly compared with control. We also showed that S1P upregulated BKCa through PKCζ, JNK, and NF‐κB pathways.Conclusions and InferencesIn conclusion, S1P and S1PR2 participate in age‐associated contractile dysfunction via BKCa upregulation through PKCζ, JNK, and NF‐κB pathways.
How to see invisible objects
Authors: Munton Jessie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is an apparent truism about visual perception that we can see only what is visible to us. It is also frequently accepted that visual perception is dynamic: our visual experiences are extended through, and can evolve over time. I argue that taking the dynamism of visual experience seriously renders certain simplistic interpretations of the first claim, that a subject at a given time can see only what is visible to her at that time, false: we can be meaningfully said to see invisible objects. This counterintuitive result in turn focuses our attention on the relationship between perception and memory. I show that it is difficult to draw a clear or simple distinction between the two. Memory and perception rely on, and blend with, one another. Together, these claims point us away from understanding visual perception as a simple reflection of the environment, and instead as closer to a process of dynamic modelling that draws together occurrent stimulation and stored information.
Shedding light on the dark side of xanthophyll cycles
Authors: Fernández‐Marín Beatriz , Roach Thomas , Verhoeven Amy , García‐Plazaola José Ignacio 
Published: January 2021

SummaryXanthophyll cycles are broadly important in photoprotection, and the reversible de‐epoxidation of xanthophylls typically occurs in excess light conditions. However, as presented in this review, compiling evidence in a wide range of photosynthetic eukaryotes shows that xanthophyll de‐epoxidation also occurs under diverse abiotic stress conditions in darkness. Light‐driven photochemistry usually leads to the pH changes that activate de‐epoxidases (e.g. violaxanthin de‐epoxidase), but in darkness alternative electron transport pathways and luminal domains enriched in monogalactosyl diacyl glycerol (which enhance de‐epoxidase activity) likely enable de‐epoxidation. Another ‘dark side’ to sustaining xanthophyll de‐epoxidation is inactivation and/or degradation of epoxidases (e.g. zeaxanthin epoxidase). There are obvious benefits of such activity regarding stress tolerance, and indeed this phenomenon has only been reported in stressful conditions. However, more research is required to unravel the mechanisms and understand the physiological roles of dark‐induced formation of zeaxanthin. Notably, the de‐epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in darkness is still a frequently ignored process, perhaps because it questions a previous paradigm. With that in mind, this review seeks to shed some light on the dark side of xanthophyll de‐epoxidation, and point out areas for future work.
Prevalence and risk factors of oral mucositis in paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Alhussain Abdulmalik , Alkhayal Zikra , Ayas Mouhab , Abed Hassan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA complete understanding of oral mucositis (OM) is crucial to develop appropriate interventions to aid in the successful overall health outcome of paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).AimsThis study aimed at determining the prevalence and severity of OM and at identifying the predictive factors that might aggravate OM at one‐week, two‐week and three‐week post‐HSCT.MethodsThis retrospective, hospital‐based study reviewed the medical records of 170 paediatric patients, summarising the patients’ characteristics using descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the development of OM.ResultsAt one‐week post‐HSCT, 41% of 140 patients (n = 49) had developed OM, this was reduced at two‐week (n = 36, 33%) and three‐week (n = 13, 19%) post‐HSCT. Univariate logistic regression revealed that patients with cancer (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05–0.54; p‐value = .003) had a significantly lower prevalence of OM. Younger patients with an average age of 7.9 years old (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.97; p‐value = 0.013) and the presence of GvHD (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.03–5.45, p‐value = 0.042) were significantly related to a higher prevalence of OM. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed that the risk of OM is lower in patients with cancer compared to those with immunodeficiency syndromes or hereditary blood diseases (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04–0.77; p‐value = .021).ConclusionsThis study identified a significantly lower prevalence of OM in patients with cancer compared to other conditions and that young recipients and those who developed GvHD were more likely to have OM.
TEMPS‐A (short version) plays a supplementary role in the differential diagnosis between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
Authors: Morishita Chihiro , Kameyama Rie , Toda Hiroyuki , Masuya Jiro , Fujimura Yota , Higashi Shinji , Kusumi Ichiro , Inoue Takeshi 
Published: January 2021

AimEarly differential diagnosis between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and subsequently providing appropriate treatments are essential. There has been increased interest regarding the association between affective temperaments and mood disorder diagnosis. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic validity of affective temperaments assessed by the short version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego‐autoquestionnaire version (TEMPS‐A), in mood disorder patients.MethodsInpatients with MDD (n = 146) or BD (n = 128) completed the short version of TEMPS‐A, and their depressive and manic symptom severities were evaluated. Data of MDD and BD patients were compared by univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsOf the five affective temperament dimensions, substantially higher hyperthymic, irritable, and cyclothymic temperament scores were found in BD patients than in MDD patients. Using a multivariable logistic regression model built using the severities of depressed and manic conditions, and the five affective temperament subscale scores as independent variables, we identified two factors statistically associated with BD diagnosis (anxious temperament and cyclothymic temperament). The recommended cutoff point for the 12 items evaluating cyclothymic temperament to differentiate BD from MDD was 8 or more ‘True’ items (sensitivity: 35.9%, specificity: 87.7%).LimitationsOur design was cross‐sectional, and therefore, there was a possibility of longitudinal diagnostic conversion of patients from MDD to BD.ConclusionCyclothymic and anxious temperaments on the short version of TEMPS‐A, identified as diagnostic differentiating factors between MDD and BD, may play supplementary roles in the early identification of BD.
Greater insulin resistance in short children born small‐for‐gestational age than in children with growth hormone deficiency at the early period of growth hormone therapy
Authors: Suzuki Junichi , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe compared insulin resistance and glucose metabolism during growth hormone (GH) therapy between 43 short children born small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and 42 children identify as growth hormone deficiency (GHD).MethodsThe study compared fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR) during 24‐month GH therapy between the two groups.ResultsMean FPG, fasting IRI, and HOMA‐IR values at 3‐month GH therapy were significantly higher than those before and at 12‐ and 24‐month GH therapy in both groups. These markers were significantly higher in short children born SGA than GHD children until 12‐month GH therapy but were not different at 24‐month GH therapy in both groups.ConclusionsThe increased secretion of insulin observed in short children born SGA might be a compensatory mechanism for the prevention of hyperglycemia that can progress to diabetes mellitus. However, these metabolic markers gradually declined after 3 months of GH therapy and returned to baseline values at 24 months. These results suggest that short children born SGA have greater insulin resistance than GHD children at the early period of GH therapy, however, increased insulin resistance is improved over a long period.