bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sanitary Passports and the Birth of the Immunized Self
Authors: Abi-Rached Joelle M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article sketches a short history of the Covid-19 passport by examining its earlier iterations, including the “sanitary passport” (passeport sanitaire), an epidemiological tool officially introduced on the global stage by the French delegation during the 1893 International Sanitary Conference in Dresden. The sanitary passport shares with the Covid-19 passport two features. First, a similar aim, that of controlling the movement of potentially infected individuals across borders. Second, a similar condition of possibility, that of being the product of a pandemic crisis. The article identifies key characteristics as well as departures with the reinvention of the Covid-19 vaccine or immunity passport. The paper also situates the birth of the sanitary passport within a security context of increasing use of national passports as a means for the continuous surveillance of criminals and vagabonds as well as a scientific context marked by a key mutation: the birth of the immunized self.
Minorities Treaties and Mandatory Regimes
Authors: Robson Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The post–World War I treaties of Versailles, Sèvres, and Lausanne collectively created two related frames for ongoing Allied control over unreliable territory: a system of “minority protection” in the new and fragile states of eastern Europe, and a neocolonial regime of externally monitored “mandates” in the Mashriq and elsewhere, with both systems falling under the jurisdiction of the newly constructed League of Nations based in Geneva. This article explores how the architects of the peace agreements developed the concepts of minority rights and mandatory responsibilities in conjunction, as a way of codifying, formalizing, and legitimizing restrictions on sovereignty along immovable racial lines.
The Place of Political Membership
Authors: Rodrigues Shaunna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article argues that Abul Kalam Azad, one of India's most prominent anticolonial thinkers, was critical of nationalism because of its emphasis on circumscribing a political community with territorial borders. Instead, he conceived of India as a place, and he used this conception of place as the grounds for an alternative frame of the political. For Azad, place indicated a point of equilibrium between conceptions of nationalism, particularly as a form of anticolonialism, and universal ideas of humanity (insāniyyat), and the earth as its common inheritance (arẓiyyat). Connecting the idea of place to that of self-knowledge, this article examines how Azad laid the grounds for membership in a locality where particular identities gathered to form a general consciousness of common life. In doing so, it argues that he developed a potent normative idea that remains relevant to repetitive contentions of the political membership of Muslims in India and elsewhere.
Within the Whirlwind of the Encounter
Authors: Juarez Kristin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this interview with Okwui Okpokwasili, Kristin Juarez and the artist discuss Okpokwasili's iterative practice Sitting On a Man's Head as it took shape during her exhibition Utterances from the Chorus at Danspace Project (New York, New York) in 2020. Inspired by a form of Igbo women's protest called “sitting on a man,” Okpokwasili elaborates on the ways she utilizes slowness to generate somatic experiments in sociality. As they discuss the impact of slowness on the voice and body, Okpokwasili and Juarez consider the possibilities within the tremble and Juarez's notion of the trembling archive. Thinking with Saidiya Hartman's elaboration of the chorus, Okpokwasili's practice offers consideration of the archive as tremulous, in which fragments of imagination and memory cannot be disentangled. As she draws on an unruly lineage of embodied protest practices, the artist discusses the relationship between aesthetic forms and social formation. The interview also offers insight into Okpokwasili's ongoing conversations with Ralph Lemon, Asiya Wadud, and Tina Campt.
“There Is No Form in the Middle”
Authors: Raengo Alessandra , Cramer Lauren McLeod 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcross his vast body of multimedia art, Kevin Jerome Everson pursues sophisticated formal exercises that deploy representational devices with the aim of achieving “massive abstractions.” Focusing on the sculptural potential of film as a time-based medium, Everson crafts his films as sculptural objects. It is a process that works toward a point of critical density in which time's material effects on a space, a body, or the screen are rendered visible. In order to reach this point, Everson has developed a rigorous practice that includes casting his own solid rubber props, carefully choreographing films that repeat formal and bodily gestures, and making oblique references to cinematic history and its foundational relationship to factory labor. In this interview the liquid blackness editors speak with Everson about his “massive” creative project; its pursuit of layered self- referentiality; the work's sheer size (measured in labor hours, custom props molded, and film titles); his fine art training; artistry as the mastery of craft; the high art of Richard Pryor; his hesitant, delicate approach to blackness; and the possibility of a midwestern, or specifically Mansfield, Ohio, artistic sensibility.
Methodological Reconciliation of CP and MLSS and Their Agreement with the Maximal Metabolic Steady State
Authors: Iannetta Danilo , Ingram Christina P. , Keir Daniel A. , Murias Juan M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The critical power (CP) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) are operational surrogates of the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS). However, their concordance and their agreement with MMSS remain variable likely because of methodological factors.

Purpose
This study aimed to compare the concordance between CP and MLSS estimated by various models and criteria and their agreement with MMSS.

Methods
After a ramp test, 10 recreationally active males performed four to five severe-intensity constant-power output (PO) trials to estimate CP and three to four constant-PO trials to determine MLSS and identify MMSS. CP was computed using the three-parameter hyperbolic (CP3-hyp), two-parameter hyperbolic (CP2-hyp), linear (CPlin), and inverse of time (CP1/Tlim) models. In addition, the model with the lowest combined parameter error identified the “best-fit” CP (CPbest-fit). MLSS was determined as an increase in blood lactate concentration ≤1 mM during constant-PO cycling from the 5th (MLSS5–30), 10th (MLSS10–30), 15th (MLSS15–30), 20th (MLSS20–30), or 25th (MLSS25–30) to 30th minute. MMSS was identified as the greatest PO associated with the highest submaximal steady-state V˙O2 (MV˙O2ss).

Results
Concordance between the various CP and MLSS estimates was greatest when MLSS was identified as MLSS15–30, MLSS20–30, and MLSS25–30. The PO at MV˙O2ss was 243 ± 43 W. Of the various CP models and MLSS criteria, CP2-hyp (244 ± 46 W) and CPlin (248 ± 46 W) and MLSS15–30 and MLSS20–30 (both 245 ± 46 W), respectively, displayed, on average, the greatest agreement with MV˙O2ss. Nevertheless, all CP models and MLSS criteria demonstrated some degree of inaccuracies with respect to MV˙O2ss.

Conclusions
Differences between CP and MLSS can be reconciled with optimal methods of determination. When estimating MMSS, from CP the error margin of the model estimate should be considered. For MLSS, MLSS15–30 and MLSS20–30 demonstrated the highest degree of accuracy.
Crowd density estimation using deep learning for Hajj pilgrimage video analytics
Authors: BHUIYAN MD ROMAN , Abdullah Dr Junaidi , Hashim Dr Noramiza , Farid Fahmid Al , Uddin Dr Jia , Abdullah Norra , Samsudin Dr Mohd Ali 
Published: November 2021

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms. This paper aims to propose an algorithm based on a Convolutional Neural Networks model specifically for Hajj applications. Additionally, the work introduces a system for counting and then estimating the crowd density. Methods: The model adopts an architecture which detects each person in the crowd, spots head location with a bounding box and does the counting in our own novel dataset (HAJJ-Crowd). Results: Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method, and attains a remarkable Mean Absolute Error result of 200 (average of 82.0 improvement) and Mean Square Error of 240 (average of 135.54 improvement). Conclusions: In our new HAJJ-Crowd dataset for evaluation and testing, we have a density map and prediction results of some standard methods.
Network Models for Multiobjective Discrete Optimization
Authors: Bergman David , Bodur Merve , Cardonha Carlos , Cire Andre A. 
Published: November 2021

This paper provides a novel framework for solving multiobjective discrete optimization problems with an arbitrary number of objectives. Our framework represents these problems as network models, in that enumerating the Pareto frontier amounts to solving a multicriteria shortest-path problem in an auxiliary network. We design techniques for exploiting network models in order to accelerate the identification of the Pareto frontier, most notably a number of operations to simplify the network by removing nodes and arcs while preserving the set of nondominated solutions. We show that the proposed framework yields orders-of-magnitude performance improvements over existing state-of-the-art algorithms on five problem classes containing both linear and nonlinear objective functions. Summary of Contribution: Multiobjective optimization has a long history of research with applications in several domains. Our paper provides an alternative modeling and solution approach for multiobjective discrete optimization problems by leveraging graphical structures. Specifically, we encode the decision space of a problem as a layered network and propose graph reduction operators to preserve only solutions whose image are part of the Pareto frontier. The nondominated solutions can then be extracted through shortest-path algorithms on such a network. Numerical results comparing our method with state-of-the-art approaches on several problem classes, including the knapsack, set covering, and the traveling salesperson problem (TSP), suggest orders-of-magnitude runtime speed-ups for exactly enumerating the Pareto frontier, especially when the number of objective functions grows.
Optimal Short-Termism
Authors: Hackbarth Dirk , Rivera Alejandro , Wong Tak-Yuen 
Published: November 2021

This paper develops a dynamic contracting (multitasking) model of a levered firm. In particular, the manager selects long-term and short-term efforts, and shareholders choose optimal debt and default policies. Excessive short-termism ex post is optimal for shareholders because debt has an asymmetric effect: shareholders receive all gains from short-term effort but share gains from long-term effort. We find that grim growth prospects and shareholder impatience imply higher optimal levels of short-termism. Also, an incentive cost effect and a real option effect create nontrivial patterns for the endogenous default threshold. Finally, we quantify agency costs of excessive short-termism, which underscore the economic significance of our results. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Bell e net vidre. Producción, distribución y consumo de vidrio en el reino de Valencia durante la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Almenar Fernández Luis 
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo analiza el desarrollo de la industria vidriera valenciana entre los siglos XIII y XV. Para ello se recurre a un centenar de documentos de carácter notarial, normativo, judicial y fiscal, procedentes de distintos archivos valencianos. Estos permiten estudiar la localización de los hornos de vidrio en el reino de Valencia y las formas de trabajo de los vidrieros, así como los procesos de distribución y los sistemas de venta del vidrio doméstico. Finalmente, se aborda la demanda y el consumo de estos bienes y sus usos en las viviendas de diferentes sectores sociales de la época. Todo ello invita a reconsiderar la relevancia de esta industria en el reino de Valencia, mucho menos estudiada que sus homólogas catalanas y mallorquinas, en el contexto de la Corona de Aragón y del Mediterráneo noroccidental durante la Baja Edad Media.

This essay analyses the development of the Valencian glass industry between the 13th and the 15th centuries. For this purpose, it turns to around a hundred documents from notarial, normative, legal and tax records, placed in various Valencian archives. These reveal the location of glass furnaces in the kingdom of Valencia and the glass-makers’ activities, as well as the sale and distribution systems of domestic glass. Finally, it addresses the demand and consumption of these goods and their usage within the dwellings of various social strata of the period. This all leads to reconsider the relevance of this industry in the kingdom of Valencia, far less studied than its counterparts from Catalonia and Majorca, in the context of the Crown of Aragon and the north-western Mediterranean during the later middle ages.
Medical Student Choices Regarding Ventilator Allocation for People With Disabilities
Authors: Muller Carly , Brodar Canon , Brodar Kaitlyn E. , Goodman Kenneth , Brosco Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns exist that ventilator triage policies may lead to discrimination against people with disabilities. This study evaluates whether preclinical medical students demonstrate bias towards people with disabilities during an educational ventilator-allocation exercise. Written student responses to a triage simulation activity were analyzed to describe ventilator priority rankings and to identify themes regarding disability. Disability status was not cited as a reason to withhold a ventilator. Key themes observed in ventilator triage decisions included life expectancy, comorbidities, and social worth. Although disability discrimination has historically been perpetuated by health care professionals, it is encouraging that preclinical medical students did not demonstrate explicit bias against people with disabilities in ventilator triage scenarios.
Friendships Through Inclusive Postsecondary Education Programs: Perspectives of Current and Former Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Spruit Stephanie , Carter Erik W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The formation of friendships is central to the college experience. Yet little is known about the relationships young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities form through their inclusive postsecondary education programs or maintain after graduation. We interviewed 12 current students and alumni about their social networks and their views regarding friendships. Participants shared their perspectives on the multiple meaning of friendship, the size and composition of their social networks, and the areas in which college has positively impacted their social lives. We offer recommendations for research and practice aimed at understanding and enhancing friendship formation within the inclusive higher education movement.
Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor Miller P. G. , Sinclair M. , Gillen P. , McCullough J. E. M. , Miller P. W. , Farrell D. P. , Slater P. F. , Shapiro E. , Klaus P. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Pre-term or full-term childbirth can be experienced as physically or psychologically traumatic. Cumulative and trans-generational effects of traumatic stress on both psychological and physical health indicate the ethical requirement to investigate appropriate preventative treatment for stress symptoms in women following a routine traumatic experience such as childbirth.

Objective
The objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of early psychological interventions in reducing or preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-partum women within twelve weeks of a traumatic birth.

Methods
Randomised controlled trials and pilot studies of psychological interventions preventing or reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms or PTSD, that included women who had experienced a traumatic birth, were identified in a search of Cochrane Central Register of Randomised Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Psychinfo, PILOTS, CINAHL and Proquest Dissertations databases. One author performed database searches, verified results with a subject librarian, extracted study details and data. Five authors appraised extracted data and agreed upon risk of bias. Analysis was completed with Rev Man 5 software and quality of findings were rated according to Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Results
Eleven studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of a range of early psychological interventions. There was firm evidence to suggest that midwifery or clinician led early psychological interventions administered within 72 hours following traumatic childbirth are more effective than usual care in reducing traumatic stress symptoms in women at 4–6 weeks. Further studies of high methodological quality that include longer follow up of 6–12 months are required in order to substantiate the evidence of the effectiveness of specific face to face and online early psychological intervention modalities in preventing the effects of stress symptoms and PTSD in women following a traumatic birth before introduction to routine care and practice.

Prospero registration
CRD42020202576, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=202576
The impact of changing cigarette smoking habits and smoke-free legislation on orofacial cleft incidence in the United Kingdom: Evidence from two time-series studies
Authors: Fell Matthew , Russell Craig , Medina Jibby , Gillgrass Toby , Chummun Shaheel , Cobb Alistair R. M. , Sandy Jonathan , Wren Yvonne , Wills Andrew , Lewis Sarah J. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundBoth active and passive cigarette smoking have previously been associated with orofacial cleft aetiology. We aimed to analyse the impact of declining active smoking prevalence and the implementation of smoke-free legislation on the incidence of children born with a cleft lip and/or palate within the United Kingdom.Methods and findingsWe conducted regression analysis using national administrative data in the United Kingdom between 2000–2018. The main outcome measure was orofacial cleft incidence, reported annually for England, Wales and Northern Ireland and separately for Scotland. First, we conducted an ecological study with longitudinal time-series analysis using smoking prevalence data for females over 16 years of age. Second, we used a natural experiment design with interrupted time-series analysis to assess the impact of smoke-free legislation. Over the study period, the annual incidence of orofacial cleft per 10,000 live births ranged from 14.2–16.2 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and 13.4–18.8 in Scotland. The proportion of active smokers amongst females in the United Kingdom declined by 37% during the study period. Adjusted regression analysis did not show a correlation between the proportion of active smokers and orofacial cleft incidence in either dataset, although we were unable to exclude a modest effect of the magnitude seen in individual-level observational studies. The data in England, Wales and Northern Ireland suggested an 8% reduction in orofacial cleft incidence (RR 0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.99; P = 0.024) following the implementation of smoke-free legislation. In Scotland, there was weak evidence for an increase in orofacial cleft incidence following smoke-free legislation (RR 1.16, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.44; P = 0.173).ConclusionsThese two ecological studies offer a novel insight into the influence of smoking in orofacial cleft aetiology, adding to the evidence base from individual-level studies. Our results suggest that smoke-free legislation may have reduced orofacial cleft incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Characteristics of “chūnibyō” identified by a questionnaire
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Morimoto Kozo , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Yoshimori Kozo , Ohta Ken 
Published: November 2021

Background
“Chūnibyō” is a term that represents a distinctive, transient mental state during puberty in Japan, but its characteristics and precise definition have not been standardized. Increased awareness of chūnibyō could lead to a better environment for those who experience it. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of and problems related to chūnibyō using an anonymous questionnaire.

Materials and methods
An anonymous online questionnaire was conducted in February 2021 in Japan. In total, 314 volunteers completed the anonymous online questionnaire. Respondents were divided into the chūnibyō group (n = 122) and the non-chūnibyō group (n = 192), and the questionnaire responses were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the responses were compared between the chūnibyō with problems subgroup (n = 82) and the other subgroup (n = 232). The main outcome was the identification of the chūnibyō group based on the responses to the item “I have experienced chūnibyō” or “I have been told that I exhibited chūnibyō”.

Results
The median age of the chūnibyō group was 31 years old; this group was predominantly male (n = 79, 64.8%) and had a relatively high proportion of respondents with any problems (n = 82, 67.2%). The chūnibyō group had higher proportions of respondents who felt that academic tests did not reflect their true worth (n = 58 (47.5%) vs. n = 66 (35.4%), p = 0.024), who felt uncomfortable in the world (n = 77 (61.1%) vs. n = 67 (34.9%), p<0.001), and who had an imaginary/fantasy friend or boyfriend/girlfriend (n = 39 (32.0%) vs. n = 10 (5.2%), p<0.001). The results were similar between the chūnibyō with problems subgroup and the other subgroup. Eighty respondents (25.4%) had negative impressions of chūnibyō, whereas twenty-one respondents (6.7%) had positive impressions.

Conclusions
This study is the first to report the characteristics of chūnibyō by collecting the experiences and thoughts of people who experienced chūnibyō.