bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel gradient and multilayered sheet with a silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol core–shell structure for bioabsorbable arterial grafts
Authors: Koyanagi Eri , Tara Shuhei , Sakata Chiemi , Shimada Kazumi , Kato Konosuke , Miyachi Hideki , Tanaka Ryou , Nakazawa Yasumoto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBioabsorbable arterial grafts can potentially improve patency and neovessel formation; however, their application in clinical settings has not been realized. In this study, we developed bioabsorbable gradient sheets based on silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a core–shell nanofibrous structure. This gradient sheet was expected to promote vascular remodeling while we maintained its physical properties and a gradual degrading process from the luminal surface. ESP was conducted at various flow rates for SF and PVA to achieve the multilayer gradient structure. Furthermore, the elasticity of the gradient sheet could be increased by increasing the PVA flow rate; however, this reduced the tensile strength of the core–shell fibers. Notably, the physical properties of the gradient sheet did not degrade even after 7 days of immersion in a phosphate buffer saline solution, which indicates that the structure could maintain its structural integrity while resisting arterial pressure. In vitro experiments revealed that the number of endothelial cells attached to the SF/PVA sheet was notably higher than that on the cell‐culture dish. The gradient sheets were implanted in rat abdominal aortas and explanted after 14 days to confirm acute‐phase patency and vascular remodeling. The gradient sheets constructed with SF composed of polyurethane and PVA improved the ease of handling of the material, and these sheets resulted in a favorable vascular remodeling outcome. Our results strongly suggest that the SF/PVA‐based gradient sheets described in this study can serve as a novel design for bioabsorbable arterial grafts upon further modifications.
Investigation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐dependent neuroplasticity on rat nucleus tractus solitarius and phrenic nerve after chronic sustained hypoxia
Authors: Kuloglu Nurhan , Basaran Kemal E. , Yakan Birkan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe neuronal system that controls respiration creates plasticity in response to physiological changes. Chronic sustained hypoxia causes neuroplasticity that contributes to ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). The purpose of this study is to explain the potential roles of the VAH mechanism developing because of chronic sustained hypoxia on respiratory neuroplasticity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor activation on the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and phrenic nerve. In this study 24 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Subjects were separated into four groups, a moderate‐sham (mSHAM), severed‐sham (sSHAM), moderate chronic sustained hypoxia (mCSH), and severed chronic sustained hypoxia (sCSH). Normoxic group (mSHAM and sSHAM) rats were exposed to 21% O₂ level (7 days) in the normobaric room while hypoxia group (mCSH and sCSH) rats were exposed to 13% and 10% O₂ level (7 days). Different protocols were applied for normoxic and hypoxia groups and ventilation, respiratory frequency, and tidal volume measurements were made with whole‐body plethysmography. After the test HIF‐1α, erythropoietin (EPO), and VEGFR‐2 expressions on the NTS region in the medulla oblongata and phrenic nerve motor neurons in spinal cord tissue were analyzed using the immunohistochemical stain method. Examinations on the medulla oblongata and spinal cord tissues revealed that HIF‐1α, EPO, and VEGFR‐2 expressions increased in hypoxia groups compared to normoxic groups while a similar increase was also seen when respiratory parameters were assessed. Consequently, learning about VAH‐related neuroplasticity mechanisms developed as a result of chronic continuous hypoxia will contribute to developing new therapeutical approaches to various diseases causing respiratory failure using brain plasticity without recourse to medicines.
Highlighting psychological pain avoidance and decision‐making bias as key predictors of suicide attempt in major depressive disorder—A novel investigative approach using machine learning
Authors: Ji Xinlei , Zhao Jiahui , Fan Lejia , Li Huanhuan , Lin Pan , Zhang Panwen , Fang Shulin , Law Samuel , Yao Shuqiao , Wang Xiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivePredicting suicide is notoriously difficult and complex, but a serious public health issue. An innovative approach utilizing machine learning (ML) that incorporates features of psychological mechanisms and decision‐making characteristics related to suicidality could create an improved model for identifying suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodForty‐four patients with MDD and past suicide attempts (MDD_SA,N = 44); 48 patients with MDD but without past suicide attempts (MDD_NS,N = 48–42 of whom with suicide ideation [MDD_SI,N = 42]), and healthy controls (HCs,N = 51) completed seven psychometric assessments including the Three‐dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS), and one behavioral assessment, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Descriptive statistics, group comparisons, logistic regressions, and ML were used to explore and compare the groups and generate predictors of suicidal acts.ResultsMDD_SA and MDD_NS differed in TDPPS total score, pain arousal and avoidance subscale scores, suicidal ideation scores, and relevant decision‐making indicators in BART. Logistic regression tests linked suicide attempts to psychological pain avoidance and a risk decision‐making indicator. The resultant key ML model distinguished MDD_SA/MDD_NS with 88.2% accuracy. The model could also distinguish MDD_SA/MDD_SI with 81.25% accuracy. The ML model using hopelessness could classify MDD_SI/HC with 94.4% accuracy.ConclusionML analyses showed that motivation to avoid intolerable psychological pain, coupled with impaired decision‐making bias toward under‐valuing life's worth are highly predictive of suicide attempts. Analyses also demonstrated that suicidal ideation and attempts differed in potential mechanisms, as suicidal ideation was more related to hopelessness. ML algorithms show useful promises as a predictive instrument.
LRRK2 and WAVE2 regulate microglial‐transition through distinct morphological phenotypes to induce neurotoxicity in a novel two‐hit in vitro model of neurodegeneration
Authors: Fenner Barbara M. , Fenner Mark E. , Prowse Natalie , Hayley Shawn P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report a novel in vitro classification system that tracks microglial activation state and their potential neurotoxicity. Mixed live‐cell imaging was used to characterize transition through distinct morphological phenotypes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of reactive microglial aggregates, and subsequent cytokine production. Transwell cultures were used to determine microglial migration (control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated) to glutamate pre‐stressed or healthy neurons. This two‐hit paradigm was developed to model the vast evidence that neurodegenerative conditions, like Parkinson's disease (PD), may stem from the collective impact of multiple environmental stressors. We found that healthy neurons were resistant to microglial‐mediated inflammation, whereas glutamate pre‐stressed neurons were highly susceptible and in fact, appeared to recruit microglia. The LPS treated microglia progressed through distinct morphological states and expressed high levels of ROS and formed large cellular aggregates. Recent evidence implicates leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) as an important player in the microglial inflammatory state, as well as in the genesis of PD. We found that inhibition of the LRRK2 signaling pathway using the kinase inhibitor cis‐2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(6‐(5‐(1‐methylcyclopropoxy)‐1H‐indazol‐3‐yl)pyrimidin‐4‐yl)morpholine (MLi2) or inhibition of the actin regulatory protein, Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome family Verprolin‐homologous Protein‐2 (WAVE2), stunted microglial activation and prevented neurotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity reduced pro‐inflammatory chemokines including MIP‐2, CRG‐2, and RANTES. These data together support the notion that LRRK2 and WAVE2 are important mediators of cytokine production and cytoskeletal rearrangement necessary for microglial‐induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, our model demonstrated unique microglial phenotypic changes that might be mechanistically important for better understanding neuron‐microglial crosstalk.
Tubule‐derived INHBB promotes interstitial fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Cai Huimin , Ge Jia , Shao Fang , Huang Zhen , Ding Zhi , Dong Lei , Chen Jiangning , Zhang Junfeng , Zang Yuhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUpstream stimuli for myofibroblast activation are of considerable interest for understanding the mechanisms underlying renal fibrosis. Activin B, a member of the TGF‐β family, exists as a homodimer of inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB), but its role in renal fibrosis remains unknown. We found that INHBB expression was significantly increased in various renal fibrosis models and human chronic kidney disease specimens with renal fibrosis. Notably, the increase of INHBB occurred mainly in the tubular epithelial cells (TECs). In vivo, inhibiting INHBB blocked the activation of interstitial fibroblasts and ameliorated the renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia–reperfusion injury, while ectopic expression of INHBB in the TECs was able to activate interstitial fibroblasts and initiate interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, overexpression of INHBB in TECs led to the secretion of activin B, thereby promoting the proliferation and activation of interstitial fibroblasts through activin B/Smad signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of activin B/Smad signaling attenuated the fibrotic response caused by tubular INHBB. Mechanistically, the upregulation of INHBB depended on the transcription factor Sox9 in the injured TECs. Clinical analyses also identified a positive correlation between Sox9 and INHBB expression in human specimens, suggesting the Sox9/INHBB axis as a positive regulator of renal fibrosis. In conclusion, tubule‐derived INHBB is implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis by activating the surrounding fibroblasts in a paracrine manner, thereby exhibiting as a potential therapeutic target. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influenza vaccination rates and hospitalizations among Medicaid enrollees with and without sickle cell disease, 2009–2015
Authors: Payne Amanda B. , Adamkiewicz Thomas V. , Grosse Scott D. , Steffens Andrea , Shay David K. , Reed Carrie , Schieve Laura A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersonswith sickle cell disease (SCD) face increased risks for pulmonary and infection‐related complications. This study examines influenza vaccination coverage and estimates influenza‐related morbidity among Medicaid enrollees with and without SCD.ProcedureInfluenza vaccination coverage and hospitalizations related to influenza and pneumonia/acute chest syndrome (ACS) during each influenza season from 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 were assessed among enrollees in the IBM MarketScan® Multi‐State Medicaid Database. Enrollees with SCD were identified as enrollees with greater than or equal to three claims listing SCD within a 5‐year period during 2003–2017. Vaccinations were identified in outpatient claims. Hospitalizations associated with influenza or pneumonia/ACS were identified using inpatient claims. This study includes a series of cross‐sectional assessments by season.ResultsFrom 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 seasons, the SCD sample ranged from 5044 to 8651 enrollees; the non‐SCD sample ranged from 1,841,756 to 3,796,337 enrollees. Influenza vaccination coverage was higher among enrollees with SCD compared with enrollees without SCD for all seasons (24.5%–33.6% and 18.2%–22.0%, respectively). Age‐standardized rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations were 20–42 times higher among SCD enrollees compared with non‐SCD enrollees, and ACS/pneumonia hospitalizations were 18–29 times higher. Among enrollees with SCD, influenza‐related hospitalization rates were highest among children aged 0–9 years. Among enrollees without SCD, influenza‐related hospitalization rates were highest among adults aged 40–64 years.ConclusionsAlthough vaccine coverage was higher in persons with versus without SCD, efforts to increase influenza coverage further are warranted for this high‐risk group, who experienced markedly higher rates of influenza and ACS/pneumonia hospitalizations during each season.
Molecular orbital study of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexation with salicylate and citrate ligands: Implications for soil biogeochemistry
Authors: Ohno Tsutomu , Kubicki James D. , Amirbahman Aria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe formation of mineral‐associated organic matter (OM), typically with Fe oxy(hydr)oxide minerals, contributes to the long‐term storage of soil C. However, the changing climate is predicted to alter precipitation frequency and intensity patterns such that soils may experience greater periods of anoxic conditions leading to the reductive dissolution of the Fe oxy(hydr)oxide minerals. This would subject the released OM to microbial decomposition and the Fe cation to react with soil solution constituents. Using salicylate and citrate as model soil ligands, this study uses density functional theory to provide physical insights into the chemical bonds formed between Fe(II) and Fe(III) cations with the organic acids. The ΔG° for the complexation reactions of both salicylate and citrate were negative indicating that the complex formation is energetically favorable. Furthermore, the ΔG0was more negative for the salicylate ligand as compared with the citrate ligand suggesting that the involvement of carboxyl‐O and phenoxyl‐O to form a complex is more thermodynamically favorable. We show from the molecular electron density data that the bonds involved in the complexation are more electrostatic than covalent in nature. Molecular orbital calculations show that the energies of the highest occupied orbitals of Fe(II)–salicylate and Fe(II)–citrate complexes are less negative than that of the uncomplexed Fe(II)–(H2O)6, suggesting that the complexed Fe(II)–organic species will be preferentially oxidized upon return of the soil to aerobic conditions. Our results provide a more fundamental chemical understanding of the reactions involved in the biogeochemical cycling of soil Fe and C. This knowledge may assist in evaluating the potential role of enhanced soil C sequestration as one approach to mitigate climate change.
Preparation of Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid by Means of a Melt Impregnation Method and Application as a 3D Printing Consumable
Authors: Wang Yesong , Zhang Qing , Wang Qing , Li Wei , Liu Jiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRC) has become a trend. However, the continuous glass fiber reinforced filament (CFRF) is mainly CFRF/PA for 3D printing. there are few studies on CFRF/PLA with PLA as matrix and continuous fiber as reinforcement. In this paper, continuous glass fiber reinforced filament/PLA (CGFRF/PLA) which can be used in 3D printing are prepared by molten impregnation process with PLA as matrix material and continuous glass fiber as reinforcement. Orthogonal experiment method was used to study the process parameters of CGFRF/PLA. The results show that when CGFRF/PLA is prepared, the parameters are set as the cavity die temperature 215 °C, the outlet die temperature 212 °C, the sizing die temperature 202 °C. And the winding speed of the composite material is 7r/min. The diameter of the composite wire we get is 0.45 mm with the roundness error is 0.01 mm. The roughness is 18um, and the bending degree is 25.8 %. At the same time, this study can provide ideas for the preparation of more multiple CFRF.
Defects in CsPbX3 Perovskite: From Understanding to Effective Manipulation for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Zhao Wangen , Olthof Selina , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of all inorganic metal perovskite (CsPbX3, X represents halogen) materials holds great promise for top‐cells in tandem junctions due to their glorious thermal stability and continuous adjustable band gap in a wide range. Due to the presence of defects, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still substantially below the Shockley‐Queisser (SQ) limit. Therefore, it is imperative to have an in‐depth understanding of the defects in PSCs, thus to evaluate their impact on device performances and to develop corresponding strategies to manipulate defects in PSCs for further promoting their photoelectric properties. In this review, the latest progress in defect passivation in the CsPbX3 PSCs field is summarized. Starting from the effect of non‐radiative recombination on open circuit voltage (Voc) losses, the defect physics, tolerance, self‐healing, and the effect of defects on the photovoltaic properties are discussed. Some techniques to identify defects are compared based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then, passivation manipulation is discussed in detail, the defect passivation mechanisms are proposed, and the passivation agents in CsPbX3 thin films are classified. Finally, directions for future research about defect manipulation that will push the field to progress forward are outlined.
Intelligent antiphishing framework to detect phishing scam: A hybrid classification approach
Authors: Marimuthu Satheesh Kumar , Kalampatti Gopalasamy Srinivasagan , Ben‐Othman Jalel 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn the inevitably hi‐tech universe of cybercrimes, one of the major still prevailing methods is the usage of the malicious URLs and creating a Phishing link to obtain user credentials from the people. This method is highly subtle and has more effect on people's lives as well as corporate loss. To identify the malicious URLs, the security community has listed blacklists and benign links online. Still, as the technology is being developed day by day, the attackers try to create new phishing URLs using new social engineering methods that could be easily forged into the user's account. To improve the generality of malicious URL detectors, machine‐learning techniques have been explored with increasing attention in recent years. This article addresses the detection of malicious URLs combining the intelligence of both the heuristic‐based method and the machine learning process. It has been found that there are many possibilities for detecting zero‐day attacks and spear‐phishing attacks when incorporating both lexical features and machine learning methods. Out of the six‐batch learning process analyzed, we implement a decision tree algorithm in our framework with 99.47% accuracy during evaluation. The true positive values gained in our proposed hybrid framework is 99.2% and indicate <1% of the false‐positive values. The implementation shows a precision level higher than the previous model developed and by other antiphishing techniques. A high detection rate on zero‐day and spear‐phishing attacks and overall results reveal that our system outclasses the current approach to detecting phishing scams.
Einleitung
Authors: Säugling Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKapitel 1 leitet in die hier vorliegende soziologische Untersuchung ein. Zunächst wird ihre Fragestellung grob umrissen, anschließend ein Überblick über die einzelnen Kapitel gegeben. In theoretischer Hinsicht ist die Studie unter Bezugnahme auf den Sozialkonstruktivismus entstanden, empirisch hat sie sich an der Grounded Theory Methodologie orientiert. Reflexiv wurde die innerhalb der deutschen Automobilindustrie angewandte Praxis der Methode der Social-Media-Analysen rekonstruiert. Es handelt sich daher auch um eine Meta-Analyse der von dem betrachteten Unternehmen praktizierten Forschung. Die Forschungsarbeit zeichnet die von der Organisation angewandte Praxis der Methode der Social-Media-Analysen im Kontext des Phänomens „Digitalisierung“ mit einem Bezug zu Big Data nach und bildet so anhand eines konkreten Fallbeispiels die ‚Konstruktion’ von Wissen in der deutschen Automobilindustrie ab.
Wissenssoziologische Organisationsforschung
Authors: Säugling Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKapitel 2 behandelt die wissenssoziologische Organisationsforschung als den theoretischen Bezugsrahmen der umgesetzten empirischen Untersuchung. Jeweils in mehreren Etappen wird Wissen zum einen in der Wissenssoziologie betrachtet, zum anderen in der Organisationsforschung beleuchtet. So entsteht zunächst ein Überblick über die wissenssoziologische Entwicklung von deren Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart, im Hinblick auf die Fragestellung dieser Studie und daher auch nicht durchgehend chronologisch. Zu Beginn geht es um Wissen, das auf Ideologien beruht oder durch diese erzeugt wird. Wesentliches in diesem Kontext zu behandelndes Gedankengut entstammt der Arbeit von Karl Mannheim. Es folgt ein Sprung in die entgegengesetzte Art der Wissenserzeugung, nämlich diejenige durch Wissenschaft. Zum einen wird auf die Ideologiekritik, die die Aufklärung hervorgebracht hat, eingegangen; zum anderen werden positivistische Konzeptionen, wie sie Auguste Comte begründet hat, in den Fokus der Betrachtung gerückt. Daraufhin richtet sich der Blick auf die klassische Wissenssoziologie der Moderne, welche anhand der Theorie von Max Weber vorgestellt wird. In der wissenssoziologischen Entwicklung folgt dann bereits die Gegenwart, die hier in ihrer sozialkonstruktivistischen Perspektive thematisiert wird: Überlegungen von Alfred Schütz, das Werk von Peter L. Berger und Thomas Luckmann und auch die derzeitige Wissenssoziologie anhand eines Aufsatzes von Oliver Dimbath und Reiner Keller. Ein Exkurs über Wissenskulturen schließt dabei einen ersten Block und leitet zugleich über in den zweiten. Dieser betrachtet Wissen aus dem Blickwinkel der Organisationsforschung. Anfangs steht die theoretische Perspektive auf Organisationen als Gegenstand der Soziologie, um daraufhin in theoretischer Hinsicht Wissen sowohl innerhalb von Organisationen zu bestimmen als auch die organisationale Wissensgenese im Vorfeld deren empirischer Untersuchung zu thematisieren. Sodann nimmt die Studie Bezug zu ihrem Fallbeispiel, indem sie zum einen das Kundenwissen als eine für die deutsche Automobilindustrie relevante Wissensart darlegt und zum anderen auf die Marktforschung als deren üblichen Weg der Wissensgenese eingeht. Ein Exkurs zu Wissensmanagement rundet das Kapitel ab.