bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altering phosphoinositides in high‐fat diet‐associated prostate tumor xenograft growth
Authors: Huang Mingguo , Koizumi Atsushi , Narita Shintaro , Nakanishi Hiroki , Sato Hiromi , Kashima Soki , Nara Taketoshi , Kanda Sohei , Numakura Kazuyuki , Saito Mitsuru , Satoh Shigeru , Nanjo Hiroshi , Sasaki Takehiko , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe metabolic reprogramming of phospholipids may affect intracellular signal transduction pathways. A high‐fat diet (HFD) is attributed to prostate cancer (PCa) progression, but the expression pattern and role of phospholipids in HFD‐mediated PCa progression remains unclear. In this study, HFD enhanced LNCaP xenograft tumor growth by upregulating the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. A lipidomic analysis using xenograft tumors showed that phosphoinositides, especially PI (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate (PIP3), including several species containing C38:4, C38:3, and C40:4 fatty acids, increased in the HFD group compared to control. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly upregulated in xenograft tumors under HFD in both gene and protein levels. PCa cell growth was significantly inhibited through the decreased AKT signaling pathway by treatment with cerulenin, a chemical FASN inhibitor, which also downregulated PIP, PIP2, and PIP3 but not PI. Thus, dietary fat influences PCa progression and alters phosphoinositides, especially PIP3, a critical player in the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results may offer appropriate targets, such as FASN, for dietary intervention and/or chemoprevention to reduce PCa incidence and progression.
A new carbazolyl‐basedacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator with high performance and low migration
Authors: Wu YinPing , Li Rui , Wang JiuWu , Situ Yue , Huang Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to obtain a new photoinitiator with high efficiency, low migration, and high solubility in acrylate monomers, a new compound named 9‐allyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yldipenylphosphine oxide (ALPO) was designed and synthesized. Compared to 9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yldipenylphosphine oxide, the double bond conversion (DC) and solubility of ALPO in acrylic monomers were greatly improved, and the migration rate was greatly reduced after replacing the ethyl group in the molecule with an allyl group. Compared with (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO), which was widely used commercially, ALPO had a higher DC and lower migration rate. This means that ALPO may be able to replace TPO in the light curing field.
Case study: Cinnamon aspiration in a toddler causing severe ARDS requiring surfactant and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Peir Gene Hwan , Boggs Kaitlyn Maureen , Soto Pelayia H. , Weinstock Jered , Sharron Matthew P. , Sami Iman , Dean Terry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs many as 6% of reported cinnamon poisonings cause significant clinical effects, however, descriptions of pulmonary toxicity have not yet been reported. Here, we present a pediatric patient's hospital course following powdered cinnamon aspiration. The early presentation with hypercapnia and lower airways obstruction evolved to hypoxemic respiratory failure and severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring a 7‐day course of veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 16 ventilator‐days, and three diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopies with two applications of surfactant therapy. The sum of these modalities contributed to this patient's survival and subsequent return to respiratory baseline 6 months post‐hospitalization.
Novel treatment of endobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a child
Authors: Reyes‐Angel Jessica , Rapkin Louis B. , Simons Jeffrey P. , Muzumdar Hiren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIsolated endobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare, accounting for about 1% of primary endobronchial tumors in children. The mainstay of treatment for this tumor has been surgical resection. Recently, the identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene mutations in half of IMTs and promising results of treatment with ALK inhibitors in other ALK‐positive tumors have opened the possibility of alternative approaches. We present a 4‐year‐old child with an ALK‐positive endobronchial IMT, treated with endoscopic resection and neoadjuvant therapy with crizotinib, without evidence of tumor recurrence 2 years after the initial resection.
Factors Affecting Substrate Heating with Printed Thermites
Authors: Ervin Matthew H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious nano‐aluminum thermites were printed and burned on substrates. The reactions were recorded using high‐speed and infra‐red videography in order to investigate the factors affecting the resulting substrate heating. A large number of factors are found to affect the achieved substrate temperature. The thermite's exothermic energy release, gas generation, and burn rate are significant factors, as are the substrate's mass and thermal conductivity. Full‐thickness heating to 360 °C is demonstrated for a standard glass microscope slide. This work will hopefully inspire new applications in actuators or on‐chip thermal processing utilizing the high energy density of printed thermites.
Jadomycins: A potential chemotherapy for multi‐drug resistant metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Bonitto Esther P. , McKeown Brendan T. , Goralski Kerry B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreast cancer causes the most cancer fatalities in women worldwide. Approximately one‐third of breast cancers metastasize, or spread from primary tumors to other tissues, and have a 70% 5‐year mortality rate. Current breast cancer treatments like doxorubicin and paclitaxel become ineffective when breast cancer cells develop multi‐drug resistance and overexpress ATP‐binding cassette transporters, as the transporters cause a substantial efflux of the chemotherapies. Jadomycins, a group of molecules isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, are shown to be cytotoxic against a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer. Furthermore, jadomycins retain their cytotoxic properties in multi‐drug resistant breast cancer cells, as they are not expelled through ATP‐binding cassette transporters. Here, we describe the research that supports the potential use of jadomycins as a novel chemotherapy in the treatment of multi‐drug resistant, metastatic breast cancer. We present the supportive findings, as well as the mechanisms of action investigated thus far. These include copper‐mediated reactive oxygen species generation, aurora B kinase inhibition, and topoisomerase IIα and IIβ inhibition. We also suggest future directions of jadomycin research, which will help to determine if jadomycins can be used as a breast cancer chemotherapy in clinical practice.
Administrative Support
Authors: Alcantara Gabriel , Chao Nelson J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA comprehensive cancer center is supported with an administrative infrastructure that facilitates the overall planning, management, and organization in the delivery of the center’s cancer care. This chapter explores the various administrative functions that are integral to the development and implementation of a comprehensive cancer center. Core administrative functions include, but are not limited to, strategic program planning and development, financial management, human resources management, operations management, space and facilities planning, compliance to regulatory and accreditation standards, and facilitation of access/intake functions for new patients entering the center for care. Depending on size of the cancer center and whether it is a freestanding institution, affiliated with an academic medical center, or part of a hospital or health system, the administrative infrastructure can vary in the extent to which operations are centralized versus decentralized. The optimal framework for administrative management can be scaled incrementally as the cancer center grows.
68Ga-EMP-100 PET/CT—a novel ligand for visualizing c-MET expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma—first in-human biodistribution and imaging results
Authors: Mittlmeier Lena M. , Todica Andrei , Gildehaus Franz-Josef , Unterrainer Marcus , Beyer Leonie , Brendel Matthias , Albert Nathalie L. , Ledderose Stephan T. , Vettermann Franziska J. , Schott Melanie , Rodler Severin , Marcon Julian , Ilhan Harun , Cyran Clemens C. , Stief Christian G. , Staehler Michael , Bartenstein Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
68Ga-EMP-100 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that directly targets tumoral c-MET expression. Upregulation of the receptor tyrosin kinase c-MET in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with overall survival in metastatic disease (mRCC). Clinicopathological staging of c-MET expression could improve patient management prior to systemic therapy with for instance inhibitors targeting c-MET such as cabozantinib. We present the first in-human data of 68Ga-EMP-100 in mRCC patients evaluating uptake characteristics in metastases and primary RCC.

Methods
Twelve patients with mRCC prior to anticipated cabozantinib therapy underwent 68Ga-EMP-100 PET/CT imaging. We compared the biodistribution in normal organs and tumor uptake of mRCC lesions by standard uptake value (SUVmean) and SUVmax measurements. Additionally, metastatic sites on PET were compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and the respective, quantitative PET parameters were assessed and then compared inter- and intra-individually.

Results
Overall, 87 tumor lesions were analyzed. Of these, 68/87 (79.3%) were visually rated c-MET-positive comprising a median SUVmax of 4.35 and SUVmean of 2.52. Comparing different tumor sites, the highest uptake intensity was found in tumor burden at the primary site (SUVmax 9.05 (4.86–29.16)), followed by bone metastases (SUVmax 5.56 (0.97–15.85)), and lymph node metastases (SUVmax 3.90 (2.13–6.28)) and visceral metastases (SUVmax 3.82 (0.11–16.18)). The occurrence of visually PET-negative lesions (20.7%) was distributed heterogeneously on an intra- and inter-individual level; the largest proportion of PET-negative metastatic lesions were lung and liver metastases. The highest physiological 68Ga-EMP-100 accumulation besides the urinary bladder content was seen in the kidneys, followed by moderate uptake in the liver and the spleen, whereas significantly lower uptake intensity was observed in the pancreas and the intestines.

Conclusion
Targeting c-MET expression, 68Ga-EMP-100 shows distinctly elevated uptake in mRCC patients with partially high inter- and intra-individual differences comprising both c-MET-positive and c-MET-negative lesions. Our first clinical results warrant further systemic studies investigating the clinical use of 68Ga-EMP-100 as a biomarker in mRCC patients.
Clinical determinants of long-term survival in metastatic uveal melanoma
Authors: Koch Elias A. T. , Petzold Anne , Wessely Anja , Dippel Edgar , Erdmann Michael , Heinzerling Lucie , Hohberger Bettina , Knorr Harald , Leiter Ulrike , Meier Friedegund , Mohr Peter , Rahimi Farnaz , Schell Beatrice , Schlaak Max , Terheyden Patrick , Schuler-Thurner Beatrice , Ugurel Selma , Utikal Jochen , Vera Julio , Weichenthal Michael , Ziller Fabian , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify prognostic factors in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) that were associated with long-term survival in a real-world setting. A total of 94 patients with metastatic UM were included from German skin cancer centers and the German national skin cancer registry (ADOReg). Data were analyzed for the response to treatment, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS). Prognostic factors were explored with univariate Cox regression, log-rank, and χ2-tests. Identified factors were subsequently validated after the population was divided into two cohorts of short-term survival (< 2 years OS, cohort A, n = 50) and long-term survival (> 2 years OS, cohort B, n = 44). A poor ECOG performance status (hazard ratio [HR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–3.9) and elevated serum LDH (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.8) were associated with a poor OS, whereas a good response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB, p < 0.001), radiation therapy (p < 0.001), or liver-directed treatments (p = 0.01) were associated with a prolonged OS. Long-term survivors (cohort B) showed a higher median number of organs affected by metastasis (p < 0.001), while patients with liver metastases only were more common in cohort A (40% vs. 9%; p = 0.002). A partial response to ICB was observed in 16% (12/73), being 21% (8/38) for combined ICB, 17% (1/6) for single CTLA4 inhibition, and 10% (3/29) for single PD1 inhibition. One complete response occurred in cohort B with combined ICB. We conclude that the response to ICB and the presence of extrahepatic disease were favorable prognostic factors for long-term survival.
Distributed synthesis of sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Bogdanov Vladimir , Soltisz Andrew M. , Moise Nicolae , Sakuta Galina , Orengo Benjamin Hernandez , Janssen Paul M. L. , Weinberg Seth H. , Davis Jonathan P. , Veeraraghavan Rengasayee , Györke Sandor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is widely assumed that synthesis of membrane proteins, particularly in the heart, follows the classical secretory pathway with mRNA translation occurring in perinuclear regions followed by protein trafficking to sites of deployment. However, this view is based on studies conducted in less-specialized cells, and has not been experimentally addressed in cardiac myocytes. Therefore, we undertook direct experimental investigation of protein synthesis in cardiac tissue and isolated myocytes using single-molecule visualization techniques and a novel proximity-ligated in situ hybridization approach for visualizing ribosome-associated mRNA molecules for a specific protein species, indicative of translation sites. We identify here, for the first time, that the molecular machinery for membrane protein synthesis occurs throughout the cardiac myocyte, and enables distributed synthesis of membrane proteins within sub-cellular niches where the synthesized protein functions using local mRNA pools trafficked, in part, by microtubules. We also observed cell-wide distribution of membrane protein mRNA in myocardial tissue from both non-failing and hypertrophied (failing) human hearts, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved distributed mechanism from mouse to human. Our results identify previously unanticipated aspects of local control of cardiac myocyte biology and highlight local protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes as an important potential determinant of the heart’s biology in health and disease.
Viscosity of evolving magmas: a case study of the Glass House Mountains, Australia
Authors: Webb Sharon L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The viscosity of the remelted rock compositions of the Glass House Mountains, SE Queensland, Australia, has been determined via micro-penetration in the high-viscosity regime (108–1013 Pa s). The heat capacity of these melts has also been determined from room temperature to above the glass transition. The combination of these two data sets allows the fitting of the viscosity data by the Adam-Gibbs equation using the configurational heat capacity Cpconf(Tg12) and configurational entropy Sconf(Tg12). The resulting fit parameters allow the robust extrapolation of the viscosity data to higher temperature and viscosities of 10–4 Pa s. This data can now be used in the discussion of the emplacement of the magmas of the plugs, laccoliths, sills and dykes that form the Glass House Mountains complex and the plate motion and the plume responsible for the volcano plugs. The large increase in viscosity of the evolving magma and the resulting decrease in discharge rate of the volcanic vents suggest that very little magma appeared as extrusive lavas or pyroclastic material and that the Glass House Mountains are mainly remnants of intrusive bodies exposed by erosion.
The invasive herb Lupinus polyphyllus can reduce plant species richness independently of local invasion age
Authors: Prass Marju , Ramula Satu , Jauni Miia , Setälä Heikki , Kotze D. Johan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ecological impacts of invasive species may change or accumulate with time since local invasion, potentially inducing further changes in communities and the abiotic environment. Yet, time since invasion is rarely considered when investigating the ecological impacts of invasive non-native species. To examine the effect of time since invasion on the ecological impacts ofLupinus polyphyllus, a perennial nitrogen-fixing herb, we surveyed vascular plant communities in the presence and absence ofL. polyphyllusin young, intermediate, and old semi-natural grassland sites (ca. 5, 10, 15 years representing both time since lupine invasion and plant community age). We analyzed vascular plant community composition, vascular plant species richness, and the cover of various ecological plant groups andL. polyphyllus. In contrast to our hypotheses, we found no change in the mean cover ofL. polyphyllus(about 35%) with time since local invasion, and an ordination did not suggest marked changes in plant community composition.L. polyphylluswas associated with lower species richness in invaded plant communities but this effect did not change with time since invasion. Invaded plant communities were also associated with lower occurrence of generalist, oligotrophic (low-nutrient-adapted) and copiotrophic (nutrient-demanding) species but no temporal dynamics were detected. We conclude that even the intermediate cover ofL. polyphylluscan reduce plant species richness, but the ecological impact caused by this invader might not dramatically change or accumulate with time since invasion.
Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Bongaarts Anika , Mijnsbergen Caroline , Anink Jasper J. , Jansen Floor E. , Spliet Wim G. M. , den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. , Coras Roland , Blümcke Ingmar , Paulus Werner , Gruber Victoria E. , Scholl Theresa , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Feucht Martha , Kotulska Katarzyna , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Grajkowska Wieslawa , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Caporalini Chiara , Giordano Flavio , Genitori Lorenzo , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Pimentel José , Jones David T. W. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y. N. , Mühlebner Angelika , Mills James D. , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in either theTSC1orTSC2gene, two key regulators of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex pathway. Phenotypically, this leads to growth and formation of hamartomas in several organs, including the brain. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are low-grade brain tumors commonly associated with TSC. Recently, gene expression studies provided evidence that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization play an important role in SEGA development. However, the precise mechanisms behind the gene expression changes in SEGA are still largely unknown, providing a potential role for DNA methylation. We investigated the methylation profile of SEGAs using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (SEGAsn = 42, periventricular controln = 8). The SEGA methylation profile was enriched for the adaptive immune system, T cell activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, extracellular structure organization and the ERK1 & ERK2 cascade. More interestingly, we identified two subgroups in the SEGA methylation data and show that the differentially expressed genes between the two subgroups are related to the MAPK cascade and adaptive immune response. Overall, this study shows that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization are also affected on DNA methylation level, suggesting that therapeutic intervention on DNA level could be useful for these specific pathways in SEGA. Moreover, we identified two subgroups in SEGA that seem to be driven by changes in the adaptive immune response and MAPK pathway and could potentially hold predictive information on target treatment response.
Realism and Political Normativity
Authors: Sleat Matt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA prevailing understanding of realism, chiefly among its critics, casts realists as those who seek a ‘distinctively political normativity’, where this is interpreted as meaning nonmoral in kind. Moralists, on this account, are those who reject this and believe that political normativity remains moral. Critics have then focused much of their attention on demonstrating that the search for a nonmoral political normativity is doomed to fail which, if right, would then seem to fatally undermine the realist endeavour. This paper makes the case that casting the difference between realism and moralism in these terms is a mistake, one which overlooks the substantial body of realist work which is clear that it has no such aspirations to develop a nonmoral political normativity. The hope is that in drawing attention to this mistake a line can be drawn under these unhelpful debates, and we can move on to more fruitful constructive and critical discussions between realists and their critics.
3D characterisation of hydrogen environmentally assisted cracking during static loading of AA7449-T7651
Authors: De Francisco Unai , Beckmann Felix , Moosmann Julian , Larrosa Nicolas O. , Peel Matthew J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this investigation, synchrotron X-ray microtomography was used to perform 3D in situ observations of crack initiation and growth during hydrogen environmentally assisted cracking (HEAC) in tensile samples of AA7449-T7651. Two smooth tensile samples with a 1 mm diameter gauge section were held at a fixed displacement ($$\approx 30$$

≈
30

% of yield stress) in warm, moist air ($$\approx 76\,^\circ $$

≈
76

∘

C, 73% relative humidity). The samples were then imaged repeatedly using X-ray tomography until they fractured completely. The tomograms showing the nucleation and evolution of intergranular cracks were correlated with electron microscopy fractographs. This enabled the identification of crack initiation sites and the characterisation of the crack growth behaviour relative to the microstructure. The samples were found to fracture within an environmental exposure time of 240 min. Some cracks in both samples nucleated within an exposure time of 80 min (33–40% of the total lifetime). Many cracks were found to nucleate both internally and at the sample surface. However, only superficial cracks contributed to the final fracture surface as they grew faster owing to the direct environmental exposure and the larger crack opening. HEAC occurred prominently via brittle intergranular cracking, and cracks were found to slow down when approaching grain boundary triple junctions. Additionally, crack shielding from nearby cracks and the presence of coarse Al–Cu–Fe particles at the grain boundaries were also found to temporarily reduce the crack growth rates. After prolonged crack growth, the HEAC cracks displayed ductile striations and transgranular fracture, revealing a change in the crack growth mechanism at higher stress intensity factors.