bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Technical Approach to Safe Mode Management for a Smooth Transition from Automatic to Manual Drilling
Authors: Cayeux Eric , Mihai Rodica , Carlsen Liv , Ørevik Morten , Birgisson Kjartan , Bergerud Ronny 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Unexpected situations and system failures during well construction operations are always possible. In the context of drilling automation, or even autonomous drilling, proper automatic management of these situations is of critical importance as the situation awareness of the human operator is very much reduced. The proper management of the transition between automatic and manual modes is necessary to improve the safety of automation solutions.
An important characteristic of drilling automation solutions is their ability to cope with unexpected situations. This also encompasses, placing the drilling system in a state that is easy and intuitive for the human operator when manual control is required. Our approach to safe mode management is dependent on a good state estimation of the current conditions of the process. If for any reason, manual control must be regained, then the automated function itself triggers the necessary actions that will ensure a stable current state.
In case of a drilling problem or a system failure, the human operator may have to regain control when the context might be totally different from the one left when the automation or autonomous function was enabled. It may even be a different human operator that has to take control, if a crew change has taken place. To make the transition from the automated/autonomous context to manual control, the automation/autonomous system sets the drilling machines in a so-called safe transition state. A safe transition state is one for which leaving the current setpoints of drilling machines untouched for a reasonable amount of time, will not immediately jeopardize the safety of the drilling operation. A safe transition state is contextual as it is not necessarily the same sequence of actions that must be performed to reach the safe transition state every time. The novel safe modes management method is integrated into existing drilling automation solutions.
In a drilling automation context, the situation awareness of the human operator is considerably reduced as the automated functions control the process and the human operator is not actively driving the drilling machines. Without active safe mode management, there is a risk that drilling automation solutions may lead to serious situations as the driller may be totally unprepared to regain control in the middle of a critical situation. When it is needed to return to manual mode in the middle of the execution of an automatic procedure, an adequate procedure is executed. The choice of the procedure and its parameters depend on the current state of the process and system.
Comparison of rain classroom teaching and traditional teaching methods in teaching undergraduate nursing students of stomatology
Authors: Wang Yujing , Liu Jingbo , Yuan Lulu , Gao Yuqin , Li Chen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Rain classroom teaching (RCT) is a current teaching method to increase the interaction between teachers and students. This paper aims to investigate the influence of rain classroom teaching and traditional teaching on the self-directed learning ability (SDLA) of nursing undergraduates.Methods: This was a randomized controlled study. The research enrolled two classes of junior nursing undergraduates who were randomly divided into two groups. The content and time of stomatology courses were the same. The control group (n = 32) adopted the traditional teaching method and the experimental group (n = 31) used the RCT method. SDLA, satisfaction and teaching quality were evaluated by questionnaire. A final examination was used to estimate the quality of learning.Results: The complete data showed that the rain classroom group had better results than the traditional group. The rain classroom group had higher SDLA, satisfaction, teaching measures, teaching effectiveness and final examination scores.Conclusion: The rain classroom teaching method is more effective than the traditional teaching method in promoting SDLA and teaching quality for undergraduate nursing students in stomatology.
The possible origin of miRNAs differentially regulated in leiomyoma progenitors
Authors: Vincenzo Mariangela Di , Quattro Concetta De , Rossato Marzia , Lazzarini Raffaella , Carpini Giovanni Delli , Ciavattini Andrea , Orciani Monia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Leiomyoma are the most common indication for hysterectomy in the world and have a strong economic impact on health care systems; many different mechanisms have been considered for their aetiology, such as inflammation, dysregulated progenitor cells or different regulation of miRNAs. After performing a whole genome miRNA profiling in progenitor cells (PCs) derived from healthy myometrium (MPCs) and from leyomioma (LPCs), only 15 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between MPCs and LPCs. Progenitor cells from Amniotic Fluid (AFPCs) are considered the most undifferentiated cells after the embryonic ones. Here we try to clarify if the miRNAs differently regulated between leiomyoma and myometrium cells arise as a conversion of MPCs along the differentiation process or if they may originate from a divergent cell commitment. To track the origin of the dysregulation, miRNA expression was analyzed in AFPCs (considered as surrogate for embryonic cells), MPCs and LPCs.MPCs, LPCs and AFPCs were isolated and subjected to whole genoma miRNA profiling; the expression of the 15 miRNAs previously identified as differentially regulated in MPCs and LPCs was compared to that detected in AFPCs.Results: Clustering analysis sub-grouped the 15 miRNAs into 4 major clusters that converge to the KEGG pathways: Adherens junction, ECM-receptor interaction, TGFβ signaling and cell cycle. miRNAs are differentially regulated in MPCs and LPCs compared to AFPCs and 10/15 of them show statistically significant variations between MPCs and LPCs.Conclusion(s): Our results seem to point that a linear physiological differentiation axis exists from AFPCS to MPCs that, under particular insults, pathologically continues toward LPCs.Our results seem to point that a linear physiological differentiation axis exists from AFPCS to MPCs that, under particular insults, pathologically continues toward LPCs.
Efficient Mineralization of Organic Pollutants Using Visible-light-induced PTCDA Anions Electronic Reservoir and Photogenerated Holes
Authors: Guo Yan , Zhou Qixin , Nan Jun , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introducing the anion intermediate found with PTCDA into advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) overcomes the limitation of visible-light degradation. Stabilized PTCDA anionic intermediates act as electron reservoir to activate PMS to generate reactive oxygen species, thus improving the degradation rate of organic pollutants driven by visible light. At the same time, the photogenerated holes of PDI induce α and β scission with the unshared electron in organic molecules, and realize the deep mineralization of converting organic molecules to CO2. The BPA degradation rate of PTCDA /PMS is over 125.8 and 2.8 times as high as PTCDA photocatalysis and Co3O4/PMS, respectively. The BPA mineralization of PTCDA /PMS reaching ~ 88% outclasses Co3O4/PMS (~ 25%). In continuous flow reactor, it has a ~ 100% degradation and ~ 80% mineralization of BPA. The outstanding degradation in real water under solar light excitation indicates that PTCDA/PMS would be an intriguing system for non-toxic and harmless elimination of organic pollutants.
The influence of international scientific collaboration on the research performance of Brazilian academic institutions
Authors: Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza , Docampo Domingo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scientific collaboration, a practice that traces its roots back to the birth of modern science, has spread through the research community, expanding the ties between institutions and countries and becoming a strategy to improve research productivity. Collaboration with countries of renowned scientific leadership thus constitutes a clear opportunity for the scientific advancement of academics as well as institutions worldwide.This work focuses on the set of Brazilian papers indexed by InCites between 2010–2019 to analyze the advantages, measured in terms of the citation impact and percentage of publications in Q1 journals, as well as (just for the papers published between 2014 and 2018) the position in the ARWU Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, derived from the sustained scientific collaboration with institutions from Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States. Our results show that collaboration with these four countries presents clear advantages for Brazilian institutions in all areas of knowledge. In particular, our study shows that the percentage of publications in Q1 journals doubles, and the citation impact increases markedly for the set of papers in collaboration with the aforementioned countries. Our study also shows that, by and large, Brazilian academic institutions benefit from these international collaborations to improve their positions in the current edition of the ARWU Global Ranking of Academic Subjects.Mathematical Subject Classification: 62J05 · 62P25JEL Classification: I23 · L14
Sleep Apnea and Unilateral Upper and Lower Extremity Allodynia as a Result of a Large Thoracic Disc Herniation: A Case Report
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Stefanelli Anthony , Thalheimer Sara , Heller Joshua E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundClinically significant disc herniations in the thoracic spine are rare accounting for approximately 1% of all disc herniations. In patients with significant spinal cord compression, presenting symptoms typically include ambulatory dysfunction, lower extremity weakness, lower extremity sensory changes, as well as bowl, bladder, or sexual dysfunction. Thoracic disc herniations can also present with thoracic radiculopathy including midback pain and radiating pain wrapping around the chest or abdomen. The association between thoracic disc herniation with cord compression and sleep apnea is not well described.Case PresentationThe following is a case of a young male patient with high grade spinal cord compression at T7-8, as a result of a large thoracic disc herniation. The patient presented with complaints of upper and lower extremity unilateral allodynia and sleep apnea. Diagnosis was only made once the patient manifested more common symptoms of thoracic stenosis including left lower extremity weakness and sexual dysfunction. Following decompression and fusion the patient’s allodynia and sleep apnea quickly resolved.ConclusionsThoracic disc herniations can present atypically with sleep apnea – a symptom which may resolve with surgical treatment.
Clinical Characteristics of Magnetic Foreign Body Mis-ingestion in Children—A Big Issue for Small Children
Authors: Huang Yu Kun , Hong Shao Xian , Tai I Hsin , Hsieh Kai Sheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: Magnetic foreign body mis-ingestion (MFBM) is now occurring more frequently. it may cause remarkable mortality and morbidity in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of children admitted to Xiamen Children's Hospital between March 2017 and July 2020 due to accidental MFBM. Results: A total of 14 children who had MFBM were collected, the proportion between urban and rural areas was 8:6, and the ratio of male to female was 6:1. The age ranged from 1.2 to 8.9 years (median 4.6 years). The number of magnetic foreign bodies ingested by mistake is 1 to 17 (average 6.5)。Magnetic foreign objects are divided into magnet (3 cases) + magnetic beads (11 cases). About 40%（5/14）of this patient series showed no available mis-ingestion history. Management includes: 4 cases of open surgery (including 1 case of laparoscopic transfer to operation), 3 cases of laparoscopic surgery, 2 cases of gastroscopy, 5 cases of conservative treatment of foreign bodies discharged through the anus. Of the 7 surgical cases, 6 cases presented with intestinal obstruction and intestinal perforation (at least 1 intestinal perforation and at most 5). Abdominal sonography has limitations in the detection of magnetic foreign bodies in the digestive tract. The proportion of laparoscopic surgery in the 7 surgical cases is nearly half. All surgical cases recovered smoothly after treatment.Conclusions: Our experience shows that MFBM is a big issue for the small children! The early symptoms of MFBM are often atypical especially among young children and MFBM may lead to severe adverse events. We proposed a management strategy for MFBM in children. We advise pediatricians/emergency physicians, parents/children’s guardians and society should raise the collaborated alertness of MFBM. Global awareness of risk prevention of magnetic material accidental ingestion cannot be overemphasized.
Ultralight Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol aerogel for broadband and tuneable acoustic properties
Authors: Rapisarda Mario , Fierro Gian-Piero Malfense , Meo Michele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An ultralight Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol (GO/PVA) aerogel is proposed as a new class of acoustic materials with tuneable and broadband sound absorption and transmission loss. The interaction between GO sheets and PVA molecules are exploited in our environmentally friendly manufacturing process to fabricate aerogels with hierarchical and tuneable porosity embedded in a honeycomb scaffolding. The developed aerogels show an enhanced dissipation of sound energy, with an extremely low density of 2.10 kg m-3 , one of the lowest values ever reported for acoustic materials. We have first experimentally evaluated and optimized the effects of composition and thickness on the acoustic properties, namely sound absorption and sound transmission losses. Subsequently, we have employed a semi-analytical approach to evaluate the effect of different processing times and find the relationships between the acoustic and non-acoustic properties of the materials. Over the 400 – 2500 Hz range, the reported average sound absorption coefficients are as high as 0.79 for low density aerogels, while the average sound transmission losses can reach 15.8 dB for higher density aerogels. We envision our subwavelength aerogel-based design, tailored at achieving optimal acoustic performance, as a novel lightweight material for advanced engineering applications.
Observations on Biological Effects of Carbon-13, Based on the Effects of 13C-Testosterone on Growth of Human Osteoblasts, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells, and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in Vitro
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Yang Wenning , Wu Xinchen , Zhang Tengfei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge of biological isotope effect, comprehensive understanding of heavy isotope effect in the biological contexts has remained far less than expectation. The present study investigated the carbon isotope effect of 13C enriched testosterone on human cells. It was among the rare studies on carbon isotope effect of bioactive compound. Human osteoblasts, human aortic endothelial cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in vitro and treated with testosterone and 13C enriched testosterone (13C/12C:6.7%). The impacts of physiological to pharmacological concentrations (10-10-10-5mol/L) of the bioactive compound were taken into account. The cell proliferation activities were measured using MTS assay. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in osteoblasts were tested. Our results established that 13C enriched testosterone exhibited different biological effects from testosterone. At the concentrations of 10-10mol/L and 10-5mol/L, there were significant differences in prompting cell proliferation between testosterone and 13C enriched testosterone. At physiological concentrations, testosterone prompted proliferations of the three kinds of cells; whereas, 13C enriched testosterone did not prompt the cell proliferation, and its effects were not concentration dependent. At supraphysiological concentration (10-5mol/L), testosterone had the trend of inhibiting cell growth; whereas, 13C enriched testosterone had the trend of prompting cell growth. 13C enriched testosterone significantly enhanced osteocalcin secretion in human osteoblasts at supraphysiological concentration. These findings challenged the common view of growth retardation effect of heavy isotope, which imply that biological isotope effects are worthy of further study. The potential applications of 13C enriched compound were discussed.
Event-Mode Neutron Imaging Using the TPX3Cam - Breaking the Boundaries of Conventional Neutron Imaging Techniques
Authors: Losko Adrian Simon , Han Yiyong , Schillinger Burkhard , Tartaglione Aureliano , Morgano Manuel , Strobl Markus , Long Jingming , Tremsin Anton S , Schulz Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Imaging using scintillators is a widespread and cost-effective approach in radiography. While different types of scintillator and sensor configurations exist, it can be stated that the detection efficiency and resolution of a scintillator-based system is strongly depended on the scintillator material and its thickness. Recently developed event-driven detectors are capable of observing spots of light emitted by the scintillator after a particle interaction, allowing to reconstruct the Center-of-Mass of the interaction on the scintillator surface. This results in a more precise location of the event and therefore provides a pathway to overcome the scintillator thickness limitation and increase the effective spatial resolution of the system. Utilizing this principle, we present a detector capable of Time-of-Flight imaging with a flexible field-of-view, ad-hoc binning and re-binning of data based on the requirements of the experiment including the possibility of particle discrimination via the analysis of the event shape in space and time. It is considered that this novel concept might replace regular cameras in neutron imaging detectors as it provides superior detection capabilities with the most recent results providing an increase by a factor 3 in image resolution and an increase by up to a factor of 7.5 in signal-to-noise for thermal neutron imaging.
Fat and Carbohydrate Distribution in Maternal Diet Programs Liver Sirtuin-1 Expression and Fatty Acid Profile in Mice Offspring
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Neda , Dorraji Mir Saeed Seyed , Gharacheh Sara , koohdani Fariba 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Amount of fat and carbohydrate in maternal diet during gestation and lactation has permanent effects on fetal metabolism. SIRT1 is a nutrient-responsive histone deacetylase that modulates the lipid and glucose metabolism in response to energy stress and extends life span. To study the effects of carbohydrate and fat distribution in a maternal isocaloric diet on fetal gene and protein levels of SIRT1, as well as liver fatty acid profile. Methods: For this purpose, female mice were inseminated and randomly received the AIN 93G isocaloric pair-fed LF-HC (16% and 64% of calorie as fat and carbohydrate) or HF-LC (48% and 32% of calorie as fat and carbohydrate) diet during gestation and lactation. Results: SIRT1 gene and protein levels were lower in both sexes born from HF-LC-fed mothers than LF-HC-fed one, significant differences were only observed between males in the gene expression (p<0.001) and females in protein level (p<0.001). Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were increased while unsaturated fatty acids decreased at the liver of male and female offspring born from HF-LC-fed mothers (p<0.001). Conclusions: Maternal dietary fat and carbohydrate distribution, regardless of calorie intake, modify the offspring hepatic fatty acid profile, as well as SIRT1 gene and protein expression which effects on life span.
Management of Pediatric Abdominal Trauma in Countries with Limited Resources: Is Computed Tomography Indispensable for a Good Result?
Authors: ASSAN Beaudelaire Romulus , YASSEGOUNGBE Monsoïa Gildas , SETO Djibril Morel , COVI Pautin Aldrico , KOCO Houénoukpo , ASSOUTO Cédric Bignon Ulrich , FIOGBE Michel Armand , GBENOU Antoine Seraphin , HOUEGBAN Amoussou Sèdjro Clotaire Roméo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Abdominal trauma are a common cause of infant morbidity and mortality.
Aim

To assess the relevance of computed tomography scan for the management of abdominal trauma in children in countries with limited resources.
Patients and method:

It was a retrospective and descriptive study over 5 years in patients aged 0 to 15 years.
Results

Twenty four cases of abdominal trauma were collected. There were 14 boys and 10 girls with a sex ratio of 1.4. The average age was 8.7 years with extremes of 18 months and 15 years. The causes found were: road accidents (14 cases), home accident (6 cases), gambling accidents (3 cases) and one aggression. Traumas were divided into 83.3% (20 cases) of abdominal blunt and 16.7% (4 cases) of abdominal wound. Polytrauma accounted for 41.7% (10 cases). No computed tomography scan was ordered. The spleen was the most injured organ (11 cases) followed by the intestines (6 cases). The average length of hospital stay was 12.3 days with extremes of 3 and 15 days. The treatment was non-operative in 13 patients (54.2%) and surgical in 11 ones (45.8%). No deaths were noted in our series.
Conclusion

Abdominal trauma in children are potentially serious injuries. The treatment depends on the damaged organ and the patient's hemodynamic status. Computed tomography scan does not appear to be indispensable in the management of traumatized children in countries with limited resources.
Motion Characteristics Analysis of a Novel Spherical Two-degree-of-freedom Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Ziming Chen , Xuechan Chen , Min Gao , Chen Zhao , Kun Zhao , Yanwen Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) spherical parallel mechanism(SPM) with symmetrical structure is proposed and analyzed. First, the models of forward kinematics and inverse kinematics are established based on D-H parameters, and the Jacobian matrix of the mechanism is obtained and verified. Second, the workspace of the mechanism is obtained according to inverse kinematics and link interference conditions. Next, rotational characteristics analysis shows that the end effector can achieve continuous rotation about an axis located in the mid-plane and passing through the rotation center of the mechanism. Moreover, the rotational characteristics of the mechanism are proved and motion planning is carried out. A numerical example is given to verify the kinematics analysis and motion planning. Finally, some variant mechanisms can be synthesized. This work lays the foundation for the motion control and practical application of this 2DOF SPM.