bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpatient multidisciplinary cancer rehabilitation in Switzerland: a status assessment
Authors: Dehler Anna , Cabaset Sophie , Schmid Margareta , Schneider-Mörsch Beate , Sperisen Nicolas , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to assess the situation of outpatient multidisciplinary cancer rehabilitation in Switzerland as of March 2018.

Subject and methods
Seventeen programmes providing outpatient cancer rehabilitation were identified; 12 in the German-speaking, 4 in the French-speaking and 1 in the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland. Structure, organisation, type of programme and details on therapies offered were assessed. Difference by language regions and the status of the programme (running vs in development) were examined in a descriptive analysis.

Results
Centres in the German- and Italian-speaking parts had mostly individual modular programmes with a longer duration (median: 12 weeks) and low intensity (median: 2.5–3 h per week). The French-speaking part had standard programmes with a shorter duration (median: 9 weeks) but higher intensity (median: 5.5 h per week) and a higher number of obligatory modules a patient must attend (median: 2 instead of 1). The language regions also showed differences in duration of therapies, communication, indications and screening instruments.

Conclusion
Outpatient cancer rehabilitation in Switzerland is characterized by a wide range of programmes. These differences between language regions, as well as between the individual programmes, highlight important variables that may influence the efficiency and the quality of the different programmes; understanding these variables could lead to improvements in cancer rehabilitation in Switzerland.
Soft Urinary Bladder Phantom for Endoscopic Training
Authors: Choi Eunjin , Waldbillig Frank , Jeong Moonkwang , Li Dandan , Goyal Rahul , Weber Patricia , Miernik Arkadiusz , Grüne Britta , Hein Simon , Suarez-Ibarrola Rodrigo , Kriegmair Maximilian Christian , Qiu Tian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is the main disease in the urinary tract with a high recurrence rate and it is diagnosed by cystoscopy (CY). To train the CY procedures, a realistic bladder phantom with correct anatomy and physiological properties is highly required. Here, we report a soft bladder phantom (FlexBlad) that mimics many important features of a human bladder. Under filling, it shows a large volume expansion of more than 300% with a tunable compliance in the range of 12.2 ± 2.8 – 32.7 ± 5.4 mL cmH2O−1 by engineering the thickness of the bladder wall. By 3D printing and multi-step molding, detailed anatomical structures are represented on the inner bladder wall, including sub-millimeter blood vessels and reconfigurable bladder tumors. Endoscopic inspection and tumor biopsy were successfully performed. A multi-center study was carried out, where two groups of urologists with different experience levels executed consecutive CYs in the phantom and filled in questionnaires. The learning curves reveal that the FlexBlad has a positive effect in the endourological training across different skill levels. The statistical results validate the usability of the phantom as a valuable educational tool, and the dynamic feature expands its use as a versatile endoscopic training platform.
Agroforestry contributions to smallholder farmer food security in Indonesia
Authors: Duffy Colm , Toth Gregory G. , Hagan Robert P. O. , McKeown Peter C. , Rahman Syed Ajijur , Widyaningsih Yekti , Sunderland Terry C. H. , Spillane Charles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAgroforestry has potential for strengthening the climate change resilience of smallholder farmers in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, the food security challenges faced by smallholders will likely worsen due to climate change impacts. Agroforestry provides and option for strengthening climate change resilience, while contributing to food access, income, health, and environmental stability. To evaluate the evidence for such benefits, this systematic review identifies 22 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2019 which assess agroforestry’s contributions to food security in Indonesia, mostly in Java or Sumatra. Analysis of the studies indicate that traditional and commercial agroforestry contribute to food security in diverse ways: for example, traditional homegardens offer 20% more dietary diversity than commercial counterparts, while commercial homegardens may contribute up to five times more income. Agri-silviculture contributions fall along a timber versus non-timber forest product continuum that displays a similar tradeoff between diversity and income. Those systems with a commercial focus may receive 54% of their income from a single commodity crop such as coffee, while traditional systems allow greater access to plants with medicinal benefits. Nearly all agroforestry systems offered indirect benefits for food security, such as allowing more off-farm work than traditional agriculture and contributing to environmental stability: users of agroforestry were found by one study to collect 83% less fuelwood from natural forests. One study highlighted that agroforestry options have up to 98% greater net present value (for periods over 30 years) compared to slash and burn style agriculture. However, very few studies of Indonesian agroforestry focused explicitly on financial analysis and food security, indicating the need for further research. Given the similar situations faced by many Southeast Asia countries, our findings contribute to emerging trends throughout the region regarding the relationship between agroforestry and food security.
Medical Mistrust and Stigma Associated with COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Jarolimova Jana , Yan Joyce , Govere Sabina , Ngobese Nompumelelo , Shazi Zinhle M. , Khumalo Anele R. , Bunda Bridget A. , Wara Nafisa J. , Zionts Danielle , Thulare Hilary , Parker Robert A. , Bogart Laura M. , Bassett Ingrid V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe evaluated COVID-19 stigma and medical mistrust among people living with HIV in South Africa. We conducted telephone interviews with participants in a prospective study of a decentralized antiretroviral therapy program. Scales assessing medical mistrust, conspiracy beliefs, anticipated and internalized stigma, and stereotypes specific to COVID-19 were adapted primarily from the HIV literature, with higher scores indicating more stigma or mistrust. Among 303 participants, the median stigma summary score was 4 [interquartile range (IQR) 0–8; possible range 0–24] and 6 (IQR 2–9) for mistrust (possible range 0–28). A substantial proportion of participants agreed or strongly agreed with at least one item assessing stigma (54%) or mistrust (43%). Higher COVID-19 stigma was associated with female gender and antecedent HIV stigma, and lower stigma with reporting television as a source of information on COVID-19. Further efforts should focus on effects of stigma and mistrust on protective health behaviors and vaccine hesitancy.
Feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance left ventricular global longitudinal strain improves 6 months after kidney transplantation associated with reverse remodeling, not myocardial tissue characteristics
Authors: Barbosa Maurício Fregonesi , Contti Mariana Moraes , de Andrade Luis Gustavo Modelli , Mauricio Alejandra del Carmen Villanueva , Ribeiro Sergio Marrone , Szarf Gilberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo determine whether left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) measured by feature-tracking (FT) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) improves after kidney transplantation (KT) and to analyze associations between LV GLS, reverse remodeling and myocardial tissue characteristics. This is a prospective single-center cohort study of kidney transplant recipients who underwent two CMR examinations in a 3T scanner, including cines, tagging, T1 and T2 mapping. The baseline exam was done up to 10 days after transplantation and the follow-up after 6 months. Age and sex-matched healthy controls were also studied for comparison. A total of 44 patients [mean age 50 ± 11 years-old, 27 (61.4%) male] completed the two CMR exams. LV GLS improved from − 13.4% ± 3.0 at baseline to − 15.2% ± 2.7 at follow-up (p < 0.001), but remained impaired when compared with controls (− 17.7% ± 1.5, p = 0.007). We observed significant correlation between improvement in LV GLS with reductions of left ventricular mass index (r = 0.356, p = 0.018). Improvement in LV GLS paralleled improvements in LV stroke volume index (r = − 0.429, p = 0.004), ejection fraction (r = − 0.408, p = 0.006), global circumferential strain (r = 0.420, p = 0.004) and global radial strain (r = − 0.530, p = 0.002). There were no significant correlations between LV GLS, native T1 or T2 measurements (p > 0.05). In this study, we demonstrated that LV GLS measured by FT-CMR improves 6 months after KT in association with reverse remodeling, but not native T1 or T2 measurements.
Season of birth and the risk of dementia in the population‐based Rotterdam Study
Authors: Mooldijk Sanne S. , Licher Silvan , Vinke Elisabeth J. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Ikram Mohammad Arfan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly-life environmental factors have been suggested in the pathophysiology of dementia. Season of birth has previously been used as a proxy for these external exposures. We investigated the link between season of birth and the risk of dementia and further explored underlying pathways by studying structural brain changes on MRI. From the Dutch, population-based Rotterdam Study, 12,964 participants born between 1887 and 1960 were followed between 1990 and 2018 for dementia. Cox regression was conducted to assess the association between season of birth and dementia. In addition, we distinguished between mild and cold winters. The association of season of birth with structural brain markers on MRI was examined in 5237 participants. The risk of dementia in participants born in winter and fall was higher than of those born in summer (hazard ratio (HR) 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.31] for winter and HR 1.17 [95% CI 1.01–1.33] for fall), especially for Alzheimer’s disease (HR 1.23 [1.06–1.43] for winter and HR 1.15 [95% CI 0.99–1.35] for fall). The risk was particularly increased for participants born in a cold winter. Except for slightly lower hippocampus in fall born participants (β − 0.03; 95% CI − 0.06 to 0.00), we did not find associations with brain imaging markers. In conclusion, winter and fall births were associated with a higher incidence of dementia, especially of AD. We did not find evidence for structural brain changes as an underlying mechanism.
Cybersecurity of the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
Authors: Pyzynski Mariusz , Balcerzak Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, UASs have become more and more popular. There are many reasons for this; one of the most popular is the enhancement of drones’ functionalities and improvement in battery life, stabilization, navigation, sensor technology, and much more. Many benefits drive growth. However, as the number of drones is expanding and their technological functionalities are evolving, drones’ use brings many concerns and challenges that should not be underestimated. This refers to issues in the area of cybersecurity, privacy, and public safety. UASs, under the international, regional, and national regime of aviation law, are considered aircraft. Since there is no existing cybersecurity framework specific to the UASs, the civil aviation cybersecurity framework should apply to their operations. This paper will focus on the potential cyber threats against UASs, providing examples of cyber-attacks from the past. Further, the aviation cybersecurity framework’s overview will follow to determine the current status of maturity at the international, regional (the European Union), and national (the Republic of Poland) levels. The paper’s conclusion will address the proposed recommendations for the UAS and aviation industries to be considered and potential solutions in terms of applying the aviation cybersecurity framework into the operation of UASs.
Extending multidimensional poverty identification: from additive weights to minimal bundles
Authors: Jones Sam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the popular class of multidimensional poverty measures introduced by Alkire and Foster (2011), a threshold switching function is used to identify who is multidimensionally poor. This paper shows that the weights and cut-off employed in this procedure are generally not unique and that such functions implicitly assume all groups of deprivation indicators of some fixed size are perfect substitutes. To address these limitations, I show how the identification procedure can be extended to incorporate any type of positive switching function, represented by the set of minimal deprivation bundles that define a unit as poor. Furthermore, the Banzhaf power index, uniquely defined from the same set of minimal bundles, constitutes a natural and robust metric of the relative importance of each indicator, from which the adjusted headcount can be estimated. I demonstrate the merit of this approach using data from Mozambique, including a decomposition of the adjusted headcount using a ‘one from each dimension’ non-threshold function.
Gambling by Young Adults in the UK During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Emond Alan , Nairn Agnes , Collard Sharon , Hollén Linda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGambling is a common activity amongst young adults in the UK, and was a behavior of interest during the early mitigation against COVID-19 (first lockdown). The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was used to investigate attitudes, moods and behavior during lockdown in England. ALSPAC participants were invited to complete online questionnaires in May 2020, including a set of questions about frequency of gambling and gambling activities which had been asked three years previously. Mental health and wellbeing data and alcohol use were also collected as part of lockdown questionnaires. Gambling questions were completed by 2632 young adults, 71% female, with a mean age of 27.8 years. Overall, gambling frequency reduced during lockdown for both males and females, but more males engaged in regular (weekly) gambling. Gambling activities became more restricted compared to previous reports, but online gambling (e.g. online poker, bingo, casino games) was more frequent. Previous gambling behaviour predicted gambling frequency during lockdown. No associations were apparent between gambling frequency and measures of mental health and well-being. Heavy alcohol use was strongly linked with regular gambling during lockdown. Gamblers were more than twice as likely as non-gamblers to have experienced financial difficulties pre-COVID, but gambling frequency was not related to employment status during lockdown. Online gambling increased during lockdown, whilst offline gambling activities decreased in frequency. A small minority of regular weekly gamblers, who tended to be male and heavy users of alcohol, participated in a wide range of online and offline gambling activities.
Correlates of Primary Healthcare Access and the Moderating Effects of Gender: A Cross Sectional Analysis of Irish Migrants
Authors: Moore Jeff 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite long established comparatively poor health outcomes there has been limited research into the healthcare access of Irish migrants in the UK. This study examines the relationship between demography, self-reported health (SRH) and social support and healthcare access and the influence of gender on these associations. Data was collected as part of a community-based action research project with Irish migrants in London (n = 790). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to predict self-reported access to a GP (compared with no reported access). The effect of gender was measured via interactions entered in the second step of the model. Older participants and males were less likely to report GP access. SRH was a significant predictor. Gender moderated the relationship between SRH, social support, employment and GP access. Findings highlight the help-seeking vulnerability of male and older Irish migrants and the potential of social support in promoting healthcare access for males.
Sorption and desorption experiments using stable cesium: considerations for radiocesium retention by fresh plant residues in Fukushima forest soils
Authors: Manaka Takuya , Ohashi Shinta , Ogo Sumika , Otsuka Yuichiro , Furusawa Hitomi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe conducted sorption experiments with stable cesium (133Cs) solution in different organic matter samples, aiming to understand the sorption of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in the initial throughfall by fresh plant residues (e.g., needles, wood, and bark from Japanese cedar trees) in the Oi horizon in forests in Fukushima. Among the organic matter samples, bark and wattle tannin sorbed relatively large amounts of Cs, whereas wood and cellulose powder sorbed small amounts. In contrast, samples containing clay minerals showed much higher Cs sorption. We also conducted desorption experiments, and suggested that Cs on the organic matter samples were relatively mobile.
The role of Cytochrome b6f in the control of steady-state photosynthesis: a conceptual and quantitative model
Authors: Johnson J. E. , Berry J. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, we present a conceptual and quantitative model to describe the role of the Cytochrome $$\hbox {b}_{6}\hbox {f}$$

b
6

f

complex in controlling steady-state electron transport in $$\hbox {C}_{3}$$

C
3

leaves. The model is based on new experimental methods to diagnose the maximum activity of Cyt $$\hbox {b}_{6}\hbox {f}$$

b
6

f

in vivo, and to identify conditions under which photosynthetic control of Cyt $$\hbox {b}_{6}\hbox {f}$$

b
6

f

is active or relaxed. With these approaches, we demonstrate that Cyt $$\hbox {b}_{6}\hbox {f}$$

b
6

f

controls the trade-off between the speed and efficiency of electron transport under limiting light, and functions as a metabolic switch that transfers control to carbon metabolism under saturating light. We also present evidence that the onset of photosynthetic control of Cyt $$\hbox {b}_{6}\hbox {f}$$

b
6

f

occurs within milliseconds of exposure to saturating light, much more quickly than the induction of non-photochemical quenching. We propose that photosynthetic control is the primary means of photoprotection and functions to manage excitation pressure, whereas non-photochemical quenching functions to manage excitation balance. We use these findings to extend the Farquhar et al. (Planta 149:78–90, 1980) model of $$\hbox {C}_{3}$$

C
3

photosynthesis to include a mechanistic description of the electron transport system. This framework relates the light captured by PS I and PS II to the energy and mass fluxes linking the photoacts with Cyt $$\hbox {b}_{6}\hbox {f}$$

b
6

f

, the ATP synthase, and Rubisco. It enables quantitative interpretation of pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry and gas-exchange measurements, providing a new basis for analyzing how the electron transport system coordinates the supply of Fd, NADPH, and ATP with the dynamic demands of carbon metabolism, how efficient use of light is achieved under limiting light, and how photoprotection is achieved under saturating light. The model is designed to support forward as well as inverse applications. It can either be used in a stand-alone mode at the leaf-level or coupled to other models that resolve finer-scale or coarser-scale phenomena.
A parallel algorithm for ridge-penalized estimation of the multivariate exponential family from data of mixed types
Authors: Laman Trip Diederik S. , Wieringen Wessel N. van 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComputationally efficient evaluation of penalized estimators of multivariate exponential family distributions is sought. These distributions encompass among others Markov random fields with variates of mixed type (e.g., binary and continuous) as special case of interest. The model parameter is estimated by maximization of the pseudo-likelihood augmented with a convex penalty. The estimator is shown to be consistent. With a world of multi-core computers in mind, a computationally efficient parallel Newton–Raphson algorithm is presented for numerical evaluation of the estimator alongside conditions for its convergence. Parallelization comprises the division of the parameter vector into subvectors that are estimated simultaneously and subsequently aggregated to form an estimate of the original parameter. This approach may also enable efficient numerical evaluation of other high-dimensional estimators. The performance of the proposed estimator and algorithm are evaluated and compared in a simulation study. Finally, the presented methodology is applied to data of an integrative omics study.
Impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio throughout the course of chemoradiotherapy on overall survival and distant failure in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Hamamoto Yasushi , Nagasaki Kei , Kozuki Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with treatment outcomes in various cancers; however, the optimal timing to measure NLR is unclear. In this study, “average-NLR” was newly devised, which reflects the NLR throughout the course of radiotherapy, and its usefulness was assessed for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Materials and methods
A total of 111 patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC were reviewed. Patient/tumor-related factors, treatment-related, and NLR-related factors (average-NLR, pre- and post-radiotherapy NLR, NLR-nadir, NLR-maximum) were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
The median follow-up period was 43.8 months among the survivors. In the multivariate analysis, average-NLR and post-radiotherapy NLR were significant factors for the overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016 and 0.028) and distant failure (DF) (p = 0.008 and 0.040). For the patients with low, intermediate, and high average-NLR, the median OS was 41.2, 37.7, and 14.8 months, respectively, and the median DF free time was 52.5, 13.5, and 8.9 months, respectively.

Conclusion
Average-NLR and post-radiotherapy NLR were significant factors for the OS and DF. Average-NLR, which was available immediately after the completion of chemoradiotherapy, seemed to be helpful for treatment decisions.
CFD Investigation of Rotational Sloshing Waves in a Top-Submerged-Lance Metal Bath
Authors: Obiso D. , Reuter M. , Richter A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to investigate rotational sloshing waves in a top-submerged-lance (TSL) cylindrical metal bath. The study is an extension of a recent work of the authors, where the top injection of Ar into a metallic bath was examined in a quasi-2D flat setup, allowing the numerical model to be extensively validated against experimental data based on x-ray radiography. The new analysis of top gas injection in a cylindrical vessel reveals the appearance of rotational sloshing in the bath, which is maintained by a condition of synchronism between the gas bubbles and the free surface of the bath. A numerical quantification is achieved with specific post-processing of the simulation results, showing the effect of control parameters such as the lance immersion depth and the gas flow rate. This fundamental research study demonstrates the capability of CFD modeling to predict bath dynamics known from literature and practice, the understanding of which is essential for the design of TSL furnaces.