bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transhistorical variations in personality and their association with experiences of parental rearing
Authors: Lundberg M. , Perris C. , Schlette P. , Adolfsson R. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA population sample comprised of 765 subjects (367 males and 398 females), in the age range of 15-81 years, completed the EMBU, a reliable questionnaire aimed at assessing experiences of parental rearing, and the TCI, a self-report questionnaire aimed at assessing dimensions of temperament and character. The study had three main aims: 1) to verify, on a larger scale, previous findings suggesting the occurrence of significant associations between experiences of parental rearing and aspects of temperament and character, 2) to assess possible variations in temperament and character in cohorts of subjects who have grown up in different historical epochs, and 3) to investigate to what extent transgenerational differences in parental rearing are detectable in different associations with various dimensions of personality. Several, albeit small, significant and meaningful associations between experiences of parental rearing and both temperament and character dimensions have been found, adding support to the robustness of previously reported results obtained in an independent smaller series. Also, several significant differences among subjects in different age groups have been found, both concerning temperament variables and character dimensions. Finally, the results show that associations between experiences of parental rearing and dimensions of temperament and character are most pronounced in subjects belonging to the youngest cohort and almost nil in the cohort comprising the oldest subjects.
Associations of working from home with occupational physical activity and sedentary behavior under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fukushima Noritoshi , Machida Masaki , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Amagasa Shiho , Hayashi Toshio , Odagiri Yuko , Takamiya Tomoko , Inoue Shigeru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To compare physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) levels during work time between those who work from home (WFH) and at workplaces (no WFH), and by WFH subgroups.

Methods
This cross-sectional internet-based survey included 1239 workers (mean age [standard deviation], 44.7 [13.7] years; 59.2% men) living in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Time spent sitting (SB), standing (light-intensity PA; LPA), walking, and engaging in heavy labor (moderate-to-vigorous PA; MVPA) during work time was measured using the Work-related Physical Activity Questionnaire. Workers reported weekly WFH percentages (eg, 0% implies no WFH and 100% implies full WFH), and WFH percentages were categorized into no WFH (0% WFH) and WFH (1%-100% WFH) groups. The WFH group was further subcategorized into 1%-25%, 26%-50%, 51%-75%, and 76%-100% subgroups.

Results
Overall, 494 workers (39.9%) worked from home. During working hours, SB time was longer in the WFH group than in the no WFH group (mean minutes [% working-time SB]: 335.7 vs 224.7 min [74% vs 50%]). Significantly shorter LPA and MVPA times (%) were reported in the WFH group than in the no WFH group (LPA, 59.6 vs 122.9 min [14% vs 29%]; MVPA, 55.3 vs 91.9 min [13% vs 22%], all P &lt; .001). Among the WFH subgroups, longer SB time and shorter LPA and MVPA times were observed in the highest WFH group (WFH 76%-100%) than in the WFH 1%-25% and 26%-50% subgroups.

Conclusions
Workers who telecommuted were less physically active and had longer sedentary during work time than those who worked at the workplaces.
Macroporous Superhydrophobic Coatings with Switchable Wettability Enabled by Smart Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Leverant Calen J. , Zhang Yifan , Cordoba Maria A. , Leo Sin‐Yen , Charpota Nilesh , Taylor Curtis , Jiang Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, a facile bottom‐up nanofabrication technology for making smart superhydrophobic coatings with switchable wettability and tunable optical properties by integrating shape memory polymers (SMPs) with templated macroporous photonic crystals is reported. Thermoresponsive shape memory efforts exhibited by a polyurethane‐based shape memory copolymer enable reversible microstructural transitions between a “memorized” permanent configuration composing of highly ordered arrays of macropores and a temporary deformed structure with collapsed macropores. The unique macroporous SMP photonic crystal arrays with large surface roughness can entrap a large portion of air in the interconnecting macropores, resulting in superior superhydrophobic properties including high apparent water contact angle (CA > 160°) and low CA hysteresis. Importantly, the shape memory‐enabled microstructural transitions lead to drastic wettability switching from superhydrophobic (CA > 160°) to hydrophobic (CA ≈ 110°) or from oleophobic (CA ≈139° for hexadecane) to oleophilic (CA ≈ 80°). The large CA tunability (>50°) coupled with the simultaneous color change from shining iridescence to colorless associated with the same microstructural transition can not only provide a noninvasive means for visually indicating the surface wetting states, this favorable coupling between the wetting and optical behaviors of macroporous SMP photonic crystal membranes can also pave the way for developing new tunable nanooptical devices.
Amalgamation‐Assisted Control of Profile of Liquid Metal for the Fabrication of Microfluidic Mixer and Wearable Pressure Sensor
Authors: Hu Weiping , Li Yuxing , Tang Shi‐Yang , Li Lin , Niu Q. Jason , Yan Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presence of microdomes can significantly increase the surface roughness, contact area, and deformability of materials, which have been adopted in many fields including microfluidics, wearable devices, and microanalysis systems. However, the shape of liquid metal (LM) droplet is defined by the density and surface energy, which has very limited room to tune. In this work, a simple, low‐cost method to effectively control the profile of LM using the masked amalgamation is presented. The LM amalgamates the masked copper surface to create the complex microdomes with various aspect ratios, sizes, profiles, and structures. The concave dome replicated from the LM mold has been demonstrated to enhance the microfluidic mixing performance. With a pattern transfer technique, the microconvex domes can be patterned on the surface of stretchable conductive composites to develop a flexible and sensitive pressure sensor. This sensor exhibits a fast response time, a wide working range, and an enhanced sensitivity for detecting small strains. As such, the fabricated microdomes exhibit a great potential to enable the fabrication of high‐performance sensors, microfluidic platforms, and micro total analysis systems.
High‐Efficiency Terahertz Nonreciprocal One‐Way Transmission and Active Asymmetric Chiral Manipulation Based on Magnetoplasmon/Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Zhao Dan , Ji Yunyun , Cheng Jierong , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lack of low‐loss and high‐efficiency nonreciprocal isolators has become one of the limitations in the development of terahertz (THz) application systems. This work demonstrates that the longitudinally magnetized InSb can achieve one‐way transmission for one photonic spin state but not for linear polarization (LP) state due to the chiral mirror‐symmetry of the two spin states. To solve this issue, a silicon microstructure is fabricated on the InSb substrate to form a magnetoplasmon/dielectric metasurface, where both the time‐reversal and mirror‐reversal symmetric transmission of the two spin states can be broken. In this device, the forward LP state is efficiently transformed into one of the spin states and output with low loss, but the backward wave is forbidden, which achieves the one‐way transmission for the LP incidence with over 30 dB isolation and only 1.7 dB insertion loss. When a THz polarizer is added behind the device to obtain the LP output, the isolation can reach 40 dB, significantly better than the previous reports. This study is significant to understand the nonreciprocal transmission and manipulation mechanism of THz spin states in the magnetized semiconductor and promotes the development of high‐performance THz isolators under the weak magnetic field.
Machine Learning Identifies Metabolic Signatures that Predict the Risk of Recurrent Angina in Remitted Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Song , Li Li , Zhang Yongjiang , Lu Jianwei , Wang Xiuzhen , Song Xiantao , Liu Jinghua , Li Kefeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecurrent angina (RA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has few known risk factors, hampering the identification of high‐risk populations. In this multicenter study, plasma samples are collected from patients with stable angina after PCI, and these patients are followed‐up for 9 months for angina recurrence. Broad‐spectrum metabolomic profiling with LC‐MS/MS followed by multiple machine learning algorithms is conducted to identify the metabolic signatures associated with future risk of angina recurrence in two large cohorts (n = 750 for discovery set, and n = 775 for additional independent discovery cohort). The metabolic predictors are further validated in a third cohort from another center (n = 130) using a clinically‐sound quantitative approach. Compared to angina‐free patients, the remitted patients with future RA demonstrates a unique chemical endophenotype dominated by abnormalities in chemical communication across lipid membranes and mitochondrial function. A novel multi‐metabolite predictive model constructed from these latent signatures can stratify remitted patients at high‐risk for angina recurrence with over 89% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity across three independent cohorts. Our findings revealed reproducible plasma metabolic signatures to predict patients with a latent future risk of RA during post‐PCI remission, allowing them to be treated in advance before an event.
All‐Inkjet‐Printed 3D Alveolar Barrier Model with Physiologically Relevant Microarchitecture
Authors: Kang Dayoon , Park Ju An , Kim Woojo , Kim Seongju , Lee Hwa‐Rim , Kim Woo‐Jong , Yoo Joo‐Yeon , Jung Sungjune 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the outbreak of new respiratory viruses and high mortality rates of pulmonary diseases, physiologically relevant models of human respiratory system are urgently needed to study disease pathogenesis, drug efficacy, and pharmaceutics. In this paper, a 3D alveolar barrier model fabricated by printing four human alveolar cell lines, namely, type I and II alveolar cells (NCI‐H1703 and NCI‐H441), lung fibroblasts (MRC5), and lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC‐5a) is presented. Automated high‐resolution deposition of alveolar cells by drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing enables to fabricate a three‐layered alveolar barrier model with an unprecedented thickness of ≈10 µm. The results show that the 3D structured model better recapitulate the structure, morphologies, and functions of the lung tissue, compared not only to a conventional 2D cell culture model, as expected, but also a 3D non‐structured model of a homogeneous mixture of the alveolar cells and collagen. Finally, it is demonstrated that this thin multilayered model reproduce practical tissue‐level responses to influenza infection. Drop‐on‐demand inkjet‐printing is an enabling technology for customization, scalable manufacturing, and standardization of their size and growth, and it is believed that this 3D alveolar barrier model can be used as an alternative to traditional test models for pathological and pharmaceutical applications.
AIEgen‐enhanced protein imaging: Probe design and sensing mechanisms
Authors: Naghibi Sanaz , Chen Tong , Jamshidi Ghahfarokhi Amin , Tang Youhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProteins are the building blocks of life, regarded as one of the most complex and crucial biomacromolecules in biological systems, and playing a significant role in executing genes and transferring genetic information. According to recent research, due to the structural intricacy of proteins and their sensitivity to physical and chemical degradation processes, they could be utilized as biomarkers or therapeutic agents in the diagnosis, treatment, or even prevention of different diseases. Therefore, modern pathways have been developed for understanding the function of proteins, resulting in intriguing approaches in the field of protein‐related diseases. The diagnostic strategies to deal with such diseases, including protein analysis, protein quantification, and protein imaging, were argued in depth. Meanwhile, the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) concept and its potential applications for real‐time imaging make AIE luminogens (AIEgen) attractive for protein imaging. In general, AIEgens refer to those luminogenic chemicals that are nonluminescent in solution, but luminescent in either the aggregated or solid states. This review is focused on the emergence of AIE materials in protein tracking, detecting, and imaging for medical applications.
Segmental overgrowth and aneurysms due to mosaic PDGFRB p.(Tyr562Cys)
Authors: Chenbhanich Jirat , Hu Yan , Hetts Steven , Cooke Daniel , Dowd Christopher , Devine Patrick ,   UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Russell Bianca , Kang Sung Hae L. , Chang Vivian Y. , Abla Adib A. , Cornett Patricia , Yeh Iwei , Lee Hane , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A. , Frieden Ilona J. , Shieh Joseph T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractActivating variants in the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β gene (PDGFRB) have been associated with Kosaki overgrowth syndrome, infantile myofibromatosis, and Penttinen premature aging syndrome. A recently described phenotype with fusiform aneurysm has been associated with mosaic PDGFRB c.1685A > G p.(Tyr562Cys) variant. Few reports however have examined the vascular phenotypes and mosaic effects of PDGFRB variants. We describe clinical characteristics of two patients with a recurrent mosaic PDGFRB p.(Tyr562Cys) variant identified via next‐generation sequencing‐based genetic testing. We observed intracranial fusiform aneurysm in one patient and found an additional eight patients with aneurysms and phenotypes associated with PDGFRB‐activating variants through literature search. The conditions caused by PDGFRB‐activating variants share overlapping features including overgrowth, premature aged skin, and vascular malformations including aneurysms. Aneurysms are progressive and can result in morbidities and mortalities in the absence of successful intervention. Germline and/or somatic testing for PDGFRB gene should be obtained when PDGFRB activating variant‐related phenotypes are present. Whole‐body imaging of the arterial tree and echocardiography are recommended after diagnosis. Repeating the imaging study within a 6‐ to 12‐month period after detection is reasonable. Finally, further evaluation for the effectiveness and safety profile of kinase inhibitors in this patient population is warranted.
Traditional Chinese medicine for dementia
Authors: Li Song , Wu Zhengzhi , Le Weidong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Western medicine, dementia refers to a spectrum of diseases affecting cognition, mental health, and physical abilities. Ancient medical literatures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also recorded dementia‐like symptoms, but described the disease from a totally distinct theoretical point of view. The earliest records of memory loss in ancient China can be traced back 2000 years earlier. In TCM, dementia can be attributed mainly to the Brain dystrophy, Spleen‐Kidney weakness, Blood stasis, and Phlegm stagnation. Of interest, ancient Chinese physicians have proposed that dementia manifests as not only cognitive but also noncognitive symptoms including psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbance, which have been investigated widely nowadays in Western medicine. Various TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and acupunctures have also been proposed for dementia prevention and therapy. Some of these strategies are still used in current clinical practice. Reviewing and highlighting the unique TCM recognition of treating dementia may shed light on future dementia research.
Electrochemical performance of polydopamine modified PANI/rGO composites: Dependency on preparation sequence
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Pionteck Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCompounding polyaniline (PANI) and reduced graphite oxide (rGO) is a fascinating cost‐effective way to combine the high energy density of faradic material and high power density of carbonaceous material. In this study, in‐situ polymerization of dopamine was used to reduce graphite oxide and to modify the rGO product with polydopamine (PDA) simultaneously. This modification prevented restacking of rGO, and enhanced the interactions between PANI and rGO. The partial reduction of GO during the polymerization of dopamine was proven by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the electrochemical performance of the composites depends strongly on the preparation sequence. PANI/(rGO‐PDA) composites obtained by the synthesis of PANI in the presence of rGO‐PDA show better electrochemical performance than (PANI/rGO)‐PDA composites, which were produced by polymerizing dopamine in the presence of PANI/GO composite. At a given scan rate of 20 mV s−1, the highest specific capacity of PANI/(rGO‐PDA) composites was 230.7 F g−1, which was higher than those of all (PANI/rGO)‐PDA composites. This phenomenon is tightly related to the differences in morphologies, conductivities and specific surface areas of the two types of composites.
Withdrawing Ixekizumab in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Who Achieved Minimal Disease Activity: Results From a Randomized, Double‐Blind Withdrawal Study
Authors: Coates Laura C. , Pillai Sreekumar G. , Tahir Hasan , Valter Ivo , Chandran Vinod , Kameda Hideto , Okada Masato , Kerr Lisa , Alves Denise , Park So Young , Adams David H. , Gallo Gaia , Hufford Matthew M. , Hojnik Maja , Mease Philip J. , Kavanaugh Arthur ,   for the SPIRIT‐P3 Study Group
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of withdrawing ixekizumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in whom minimal disease activity (MDA) has been achieved after open‐label ixekizumab treatment.MethodsSPIRIT‐P3 was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind withdrawal study of biologic treatment–naive adult patients with PsA who were treated with open‐label ixekizumab for 36 weeks (160 mg at week 0, then 80 mg every 2 weeks). Patients in whom MDA was sustained for >3 consecutive months were randomized 1:1, between weeks 36 and 64, to undergo blinded withdrawal of ixekizumab treatment (placebo) or to continue ixekizumab treatment every 2 weeks up to week 104. The primary efficacy end point was time to relapse (loss of MDA) for randomized patients. Patients who experienced a relapse were re‐treated with ixekizumab every 2 weeks up to week 104.ResultsA total of 394 patients were enrolled and received open‐label ixekizumab every 2 weeks. Of those patients, 158 (40%) achieved sustained MDA and were randomized to undergo withdrawal of ixekizumab treatment (placebo every 2 weeks; n = 79) or to continue ixekizumab treatment every 2 weeks (n = 79). Disease relapse occurred more rapidly with treatment withdrawal (median 22.3 weeks [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 16.1–28.3]) compared to those who continued treatment with ixekizumab (median not estimable; P < 0.0001). Sixty‐seven patients (85%) compared to 30 patients (38%) experienced relapse in the placebo group and the continued treatment group, respectively. Median time to achieving MDA again with re‐treatment was 4.1 weeks (95% CI 4.1–4.3); in 64 of 67 patients (96%) who experienced relapse with treatment withdrawal, MDA was achieved again with re‐treatment. Safety was consistent with the known safety profile for ixekizumab.ConclusionContinued ixekizumab therapy is superior to ixekizumab withdrawal in maintaining low disease activity in biologic treatment–naive patients with PsA. Re‐treatment with ixekizumab following a relapse may restore disease control in cases of treatment interruption.
Identification‐Based Multiple‐Choice Assessments in Anatomy can be as Reliable and Challenging as Their Free‐Response Equivalents
Authors: Douglas‐Morris Jan , Ritchie Helen , Willis Catherine , Reed Darren 
Published: March 2021

Multiple‐choice (MC) anatomy “spot‐tests” (identification‐based assessments on tagged cadaveric specimens) offer a practical alternative to traditional free‐response (FR) spot‐tests. Conversion of the two spot‐tests in an upper limb musculoskeletal anatomy unit of study from FR to a novel MC format, where one of five tagged structures on a specimen was the answer to each question, provided a unique opportunity to assess the comparative validity and reliability of FR‐ and MC‐formatted spot‐tests and the impact on student performance following the change of test format to MC. Three successive year cohorts of health science students (n = 1,442) were each assessed by spot‐tests formatted as FR (first cohort) or MC (following two cohorts). Comparative question difficulty was assessed independently by three examiners. There were more higher‐order cognitive skill questions and more of the course objectives tested in the MC‐formatted tests. Spot‐test reliability was maintained with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients ≥ 0.80 and 80% of the MC items of high quality (having point‐biserial correlation coefficients > 0.25). These results also demonstrated guessing was not an issue. The mean final score for the MC‐formatted cohorts increased by 4.9%, but did not change for the final theory examination that was common to all three cohorts. Subgroup analysis revealed that the greatest change in spot‐test marks was for the lower‐performing students. In conclusion, our results indicate spot‐tests formatted as MC are suitable alternatives to FR tests. The increase in mean scores for the MC‐formatted spot‐tests was attributed to the lower demand of the MC format.
Psychological predictors of protective behaviours during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Theory of planned behaviour and risk perception
Authors: Trifiletti Elena , Shamloo Soraya E. , Faccini Martina , Zaka Agustina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 outbreak was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization in January 2020. As a consequence, several protective measures were urged by national governments in order to limit the spread of the pandemic. Drawing on the literature on health behaviours, in the present study, we investigated the psychological factors (i.e., attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control, intentions, and risk perception) that were associated with two highly recommended behaviours: frequent hand washing and social distancing (i.e., staying at home except for essential reasons). The study employed a correlational design with a follow‐up. A questionnaire including measures of psychological predictors was administered via social media to a sample of 403 adults residing in Italy during the lockdown. Self‐reported behaviours were assessed one week later. Findings showed that attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control were significantly related to hand washing and social distancing through intentions. Risk perception was a significant predictor of social distancing but not of hand washing. These findings suggest that intervention and communication strategies aimed at encouraging preventive measures during the Covid‐19 pandemic should be organized taking into account multiple factors which partially differ depending on the type of behaviour considered. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.