bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tangent barrier Lyapunov function‐based constrained control of flexible manipulator system with actuator failure
Authors: Xu Fangyuan , Tang Li , Liu Yan‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article puts forward an adaptive neural network fault‐tolerant control scheme under the state constraints for the flexible manipulator system with uncertain terms. The dynamic model of the system is described by partial differential equations. The tangent barrier Lyapunov functions are chosen in the design process for the sake of ensuring that all states in the system satisfy the constrained conditions. The uncertainties resulted from load mass, hub inertia, and bending stiffness in the system are approximated by using the universal approximation property of neural networks. The adaptive method is used to counteract the influence of joint motor actuator failure. At the same time, combining with the backstepping design framework to design effective controllers to assure that all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded. Lyapunov stability analysis method is used to prove the stability of the system. Finally, the simulation results prove the availability of the raised control method.
Nonlethal Fin Clip Model Validation for Stable Isotope Analysis of Spotted Gar and Alligator Gar
Authors: Fredrickson Anthea , Rieucau Guillaume , Fontenot Quenton , Lackmann Alec , David Solomon R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStable isotope analysis (SIA) can be a powerful tool for investigating trophic ecology and energy fluxes through an ecosystem. In fish, muscle tissue is generally preferred for SIA due to its intermediate turnover rate, even though sampling muscle is often lethal. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of a fin clip model using fin tissue as a nonlethal alternative to using muscle tissue for SIA (nitrogen, δ15N and carbon, δ13C) in Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus and Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula. We also investigated the effects of locality, age, and size of Spotted Gars on the robustness of the fin clip model. Muscle tissue plugs and fin tissue clips were collected from Spotted Gars (n = 104) and Alligator Gars (n = 16) at four localities in southeastern Louisiana in 2019. Both Spotted Gars and Alligator Gars showed strong positive Pearson’s correlations in δ15N and δ13C between the fin and muscle tissues, and a linear regression analysis confirmed that the correlations were significant (Spotted Gar; δ15N: R2 = 0.88; δ13C: R2 = 0.95, P < 0.001; Alligator Gar; δ15N: R2 = 0.74; δ13C: R2 = 0.94, P < 0.001). The fin clip model for Spotted Gar was affected by locality but not by size or age. Overall, our results suggest that fin tissue can be used as a nonlethal surrogate for muscle tissue for SIA for both Spotted Gars and Alligator Gars.
Catalytic Functionalization of Metallocarbenes Derived from α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds and Their Precursors
Authors: Yadagiri Dongari , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShort and efficient synthesis of heterocyclic compounds are highly desirable in synthetic organic chemistry. It is a dream approach to accomplish these syntheses from readily available starting materials in a single step. In this personal account, we discuss our contribution in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and beyond from N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and α‐diazocarbonyl compounds, which are the precursors for α‐imino (carbonyl) metal carbenes in the presence of transition metal catalysts. Functionalization of α‐imino(carbonyl) metal carbenes has been achieved through in‐situ generated metal‐stabilized ylides followed by either intramolecular trapping by non‐polar bonds, rearrangement, cycloaddition, or 1,3‐insertion fashion, which led to the efficient synthesis of various synthetically important intermediates and heterocyclic compounds.
Quickly evolving near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy provides multifaceted approach to modern cancer treatment
Authors: Monaco Hailey , Yokomizo Shinya , Choi Hak Soo , Kashiwagi Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong modalities of cancer immunotherapy, near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) has reached significant preclinical and clinical stages and quickly evolved over the last 5 years. NIR‐PIT uses deep‐penetrable NIR light to induce physicochemical changes in the antibody–photosensitizer conjugate (APC), leading to resultant necrosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) of the cancer cells. Alternatively, other types of photomedicine use photosensitizers to convert absorbed light energy either into reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy (PDT) or into heat for photothermal therapy (PTT). ICD is a unique and relevant outcome of NIR‐PIT because it induces long‐lasting antitumor host immunity, which overcomes the immunosuppressive network of cancer. Due to its high specificity and durable antitumor effects, NIR‐PIT is now considered a promising cancer therapy, and optimized NIR‐PIT is readily expanding its applicability to many different types of cancer. Along with the traditional method of NIR‐PIT, new avenues in its realm of treatment are currently being explored, such as the targeting of other immunosuppressive elements, delivery of NIR light through a catheter, real‐time imaging for tumor detection, and the use of tumor‐seeking small molecules for improved efficacy and safety. In addition, its effect on hyperpermeability has opened a door for a wide array of combination therapies with other modalities. This review summarizes the recent findings in clinical and preclinical studies of NIR‐induced photomedicine and its future significance in the field of cancer research.
Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels: Fabrication and biomedical applications
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Zhou Yanzi , Li Tianyue , Zhang Junji , Tian He 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to their similarity to some bio‐architectures, for example, extracellular matrix, hydrogels are considered as bio‐inspired networks with bio‐mimetic and bio‐functional properties. With natural cytocompatibility and biocompatibility, hydrogels nowadays are more and more involved in various bio‐applications including shape morphing, artificial muscles, soft robotics, regenerative medicine, and so on. As an important subclass, stimuli‐responsive hydrogels have been attracting interest within decades. In response to single or multi‐triggers in biological microenvironment, stimuli‐responsive hydrogels can undergo phase transition, stiffness change, or biochemical properties activation, which make them intriguing biomaterials with broad applications including sensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This review presents typical synthetic and natural gelators comprising small molecules and polymers as building blocks of functional architectures. The fabrication strategies of hydrogels varied from supramolecular assembly to dynamic covalent binding are detailed. Various exogenous or endogenous, physical or chemical, and synthetic or natural stimuli together with response mechanism, design principle are demonstrated. Through recent examples from different perspectives, such as bionic devices, wound dressing, and cargo carrier, the benefits and opportunities of stimuli‐responsive hydrogels for biological applications are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in view of translation from fundamental researches to clinical application are briefly discussed.
Stable solvers for real-time Complex Langevin
Authors: Alvestad Daniel , Larsen Rasmus , Rothkopf Alexander 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study explores the potential of modern implicit solvers for stochastic partial differential equations in the simulation of real-time complex Langevin dynamics. Not only do these methods offer asymptotic stability, rendering the issue of runaway solution moot, but they also allow us to simulate at comparatively large Langevin time steps, leading to lower computational cost. We compare different ways of regularizing the underlying path integral and estimate the errors introduced due to the finite Langevin time steps. Based on that insight, we implement benchmark (non-)thermal simulations of the quantum anharmonic oscillator on the canonical Schwinger-Keldysh contour of short real-time extent.
Deutschsprachige Versionen des Tinnitus Functional Index
Authors: Peter Nicole , Kleinjung Tobias , Lippuner Ricarda , Boecking Benjamin , Brueggemann Petra , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es existieren zwei deutschsprachige, validierte Versionen des Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), eine für die Schweiz und eine für Deutschland. Der TFI gilt als möglicher neuer Standard-Fragebogen für die Evaluation eines Tinnitus-Schweregrads und einer Tinnitus-Therapie.

Ziel der Arbeit
In Anbetracht der stattfindenden Standardisierung bei der Tinnitus-Evaluation war es unser Ziel, die beiden TFI-Versionen miteinander zu vergleichen und im deutschsprachigem Raum nur eine TFI-Version zu empfehlen.

Material und Methoden
Die beiden deutschsprachigen TFI-Versionen wurden in einer multizentrischen randomisierten Online-Fragebogenstudie im Cross-over-Design miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Gesamtscores der beiden TFI-Versionen unterschieden sich in der gesamten Population nicht. Bei weiterer Aufschlüsselung in Bezug auf die Population und Reihenfolge der abgegeben TFI-Versionen zeigten sich allerdings teilweise signifikante Unterschiede mit jedoch nur moderaten Effektstärken. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass sich die beiden Versionen leicht unterscheiden, aber trotzdem miteinander vergleichbar sind. Bei der Faktoranalyse konnten bei der TFI-Version für Deutschland in der gesamten Population wie auch für die schweizerische Population 6 Faktoren extrahiert werden. Hingegen konnten bei der deutschen Population in beiden TFI-Versionen und bei der schweizerischen Population in der schweizerischen TFI-Version nur 5 Faktoren extrahiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Die beiden deutschsprachigen Versionen des TFI sind gut miteinander vergleichbar. Jedoch spricht die Faktoranalyse eher für die Verwendung der TFI-Version für Deutschland im gesamten deutschsprachigen Raum.
Center‐Level Procedure Volume Does Not Predict Failure‐to‐Rescue After Severe Complications of Oncologic Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Lillo‐Felipe Miriam , Ahl Hulme Rebecka , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Bass Gary A. , Cao Yang , Matthiessen Peter , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between hospital surgical volume and outcome after colorectal cancer surgery has thoroughly been studied. However, few studies have assessed hospital surgical volume and failure‐to‐rescue (FTR) after colon and rectal cancer surgery. The aim of the current study is to evaluate FTR following colorectal cancer surgery between clinics based on procedure volume.MethodsPatients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery in Sweden from January 2015 to January 2020 were recruited through the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. The primary endpoint was FTR, defined as the proportion of patients with 30‐day mortality after severe postoperative complications in colorectal cancer surgery. Severe postoperative complications were defined as Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3. FTR incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated comparing center volume stratified in low‐volume (≤ 200 cases/year) and high‐volume centers (> 200 cases/year), as well as with an alternative stratification comparing low‐volume (< 50 cases/year), medium‐volume (50–150 cases/year) and high‐volume centers (> 150 cases/year).ResultsA total of 23,351 patients were included in this study, of whom 2964 suffered severe postoperative complication(s). Adjusted IRR showed no significant differences between high‐ and low‐volume centers with an IRR of 0.97 (0.75–1.26, p = 0.844) in high‐volume centers in the first stratification and an IRR of 2.06 (0.80–5.31, p = 0.134) for high‐volume centers and 2.15 (0.83–5.56, p = 0.116) for medium‐volume centers in the second stratification.ConclusionThis nationwide retrospectively analyzed cohort study fails to demonstrate a significant association between hospital surgical volume and FTR after colorectal cancer surgery. Future studies should explore alternative characteristics and their correlation with FTR to identify possible interventions for the improvement of quality of care after colorectal cancer surgery.
Die Kataraktchirurgie und das kleine Auge: Relativer anteriorer Mikrophthalmus, hohe Hyperopie und Nanophthalmus
Authors: Auffarth Gerd U. , Naujokaitis Tadas , Hammer Maximilian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungRelativer anteriorer Mikrophthalmus, hochgradige Hyperopie und Nanophthalmus bezeichnen klein gebaute Augen mit unterschiedlichem morphologischem Verhältnis zwischen Vorderabschnitt und Achsenlänge. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden intraoperative Herausforderungen und chirurgische Lösungsansätze für die Kataraktoperation bei Patienten mit einer der 3 genannten morphologischen Veränderungen diskutiert. Zusätzlich wird auf mögliche, vorliegende Komorbiditäten, wie z. B. das Glaukom, und die präoperative Planung eingegangen.
Fit-for-purpose based testing and validation of antibodies to amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of cannabinoid receptor 1
Authors: Echeazarra Leyre , García del Caño Gontzal , Barrondo Sergio , González-Burguera Imanol , Saumell-Esnaola Miquel , Aretxabala Xabier , López de Jesús Maider , Borrega-Román Leire , Mato Susana , Ledent Catherine , Matute Carlos , Goicolea María Aranzazu , Sallés Joan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpecific and selective anti-CB1 antibodies are among the most powerful research tools to unravel the complex biological processes mediated by the CB1 receptor in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, low performance of antibodies remains a major source of inconsistency between results from different laboratories. Using a variety of techniques, including some of the most commonly accepted ones for antibody specificity testing, we identified three of five commercial antibodies against different regions of CB1 receptor as the best choice for specific end-use purposes. Specifically, an antibody against a long fragment of the extracellular amino tail of CB1 receptor (but not one against a short sequence of the extreme amino-terminus) detected strong surface staining when applied to live cells, whereas two different antibodies against an identical fragment of the extreme carboxy-terminus of CB1 receptor (but not one against an upstream peptide) showed acceptable performance on all platforms, although they behaved differently in immunohistochemical assays depending on the tissue fixation procedure used and showed different specificity in Western blot assays, which made each of them particularly suitable for one of those techniques. Our results provide a framework to interpret past and future results derived from the use of different anti-CB1 antibodies in the context of current knowledge about the CB1 receptor at the molecular level, and highlight the need for an adequate validation for specific purposes, not only before antibodies are placed on the market, but also before the decision to discontinue them is made.
Low-risk DCIS. What is it? Observe or excise?
Authors: Pinder Sarah E. , Thompson Alastair M. , Wesserling Jelle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe issue of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of lesions detected by breast screening mammography has been debated in both international media and the scientific literature. A proportion of cancers detected by breast screening would never have presented symptomatically or caused harm during the patient’s lifetime. The most likely (but not the only) entity which may represent those overdiagnosed and overtreated is low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In this article, we address what is understood regarding the natural history of DCIS and the diagnosis and prognosis of low-grade DCIS. However, low cytonuclear grade disease may not be the totality of DCIS that can be considered of low clinical risk and we outline the issues regarding active surveillance vs excision of low-risk DCIS and the clinical trials exploring this approach.
Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel
Authors: Duflot Maureen , Gay Mélanie , Midelet Graziella , Kania Per Walter , Buchmann Kurt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrematode larvae (metacercariae) causing black spot disease occur frequently in gills, fins, skin and the superficial muscle layers of marine fish. Species within the genus Cryptocotyle Lühe, 1899 are frequently associated with this disease. Descriptions of the metacercarial stage are relatively limited and none has hitherto been reported from fish from the English Channel. The present study reports the morphological and molecular identifications of encysted black spot-inducing parasites from whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught respectively from the north coast of France (English Channel) and from Danish sea waters. Metacercariae were characterised morphologically based on microscopic observations and molecularly using Sanger sequencing of fragments of the mitochondrial cox1 gene and rDNA ITS region. Morphological data were compared with available data in the literature. Phylogenetic trees including reference sequences were built to confirm morphological and molecular identifications. This survey constitutes the first description of C. lingua metacercariae in the English Channel ecosystems.
Deep learning for prediction of depressive symptoms in a large textual dataset
Authors: Uddin Md Zia , Dysthe Kim Kristoffer , Følstad Asbjørn , Brandtzaeg Petter Bae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDepression is a common illness worldwide with potentially severe implications. Early identification of depressive symptoms is a crucial first step towards assessment, intervention, and relapse prevention. With an increase in data sets with relevance for depression, and the advancement of machine learning, there is a potential to develop intelligent systems to detect symptoms of depression in written material. This work proposes an efficient approach using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to identify texts describing self-perceived symptoms of depression. The approach is applied on a large dataset from a public online information channel for young people in Norway. The dataset consists of youth’s own text-based questions on this information channel. Features are then provided from a one-hot process on robust features extracted from the reflection of possible symptoms of depression pre-defined by medical and psychological experts. The features are better than conventional approaches, which are mostly based on the word frequencies (i.e., some topmost frequent words are chosen as features from the whole text dataset and applied to model the underlying events in any text message) rather than symptoms. Then, a deep learning approach is applied (i.e., RNN) to train the time-sequential features discriminating texts describing depression symptoms from posts with no such descriptions (non-depression posts). Finally, the trained RNN is used to automatically predict depression posts. The system is compared against conventional approaches where it achieved superior performance than others. The linear discriminant space clearly reveals the robustness of the features by generating better clustering than other traditional features. Besides, since the features are based on the possible symptoms of depression, the system may generate meaningful explanations of the decision from machine learning models using an explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithm called Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME). The proposed depression symptom feature-based approach shows superior performance compared to the traditional general word frequency-based approaches where frequency of the features gets more importance than the specific symptoms of depression. Although the proposed approach is applied on a Norwegian dataset, a similar robust approach can be applied on other depression datasets developed in other languages with proper annotations and symptom-based feature extraction. Thus, the depression prediction approach can be adopted to contribute to develop better mental health care technologies such as intelligent chatbots.
Harnack’s inequality for doubly nonlinear equations of slow diffusion type
Authors: Bögelein Verena , Heran Andreas , Schätzler Leah , Singer Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article we prove a Harnack inequality for non-negative weak solutions to doubly nonlinear parabolic equations of the form $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t u - {{\,\mathrm{div}\,}}{\mathbf {A}}(x,t,u,Du^m) = {{\,\mathrm{div}\,}}F, \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
-

div

A

(
x
,
t
,
u
,
D

u
m

)

=

div

F
,

where the vector field $${\mathbf {A}}$$
A
fulfills p-ellipticity and growth conditions. We treat the slow diffusion case in its full range, i.e. all exponents $$m > 0$$

m
>
0

and $$p>1$$

p
>
1

with $$m(p-1) > 1$$

m
(
p
-
1
)
>
1

are included in our considerations.
Protein adsorption/desorption dynamics on Ca-enriched titanium surfaces: biological implications
Authors: Romero-Gavilán Francisco , Cerqueira Andreia , Anitua Eduardo , Tejero Ricardo , García-Arnáez Iñaki , Martinez-Ramos Cristina , Ozturan Seda , Izquierdo Raul , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Félix , Gurruchaga Mariló , Goñi Isabel , Suay Julio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalcium ions are used in the development of biomaterials for the promotion of coagulation, bone regeneration, and implant osseointegration. Upon implantation, the time-dependent release of calcium ions from titanium implant surfaces modifies the physicochemical characteristics at the implant–tissue interface and thus, the biological responses. The aim of this study is to examine how the dynamics of protein adsorption on these surfaces change over time. Titanium discs with and without Ca were incubated with human serum for 2 min, 180 min, and 960 min. The layer of proteins attached to the surface was characterised using nLC-MS/MS. The adsorption kinetics was different between materials, revealing an increased adsorption of proteins associated with coagulation and immune responses prior to Ca release. Implant–blood contact experiments confirmed the strong coagulatory effect for Ca surfaces. We employed primary human alveolar osteoblasts and THP-1 monocytes to study the osteogenic and inflammatory responses. In agreement with the proteomic results, Ca-enriched surfaces showed a significant initial inflammation that disappeared once the calcium was released. The distinct protein adsorption/desorption dynamics found in this work demonstrated to be useful to explain the differential biological responses between the titanium and Ca-ion modified implant surfaces.
Graphic abstract