bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMT-1 A translational research for practical use of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against malignant glioma
Authors: Akasaki Yasuharu , Takei Jun , Yamamoto Yohei , Tanaka Toshihide , Kamata Yuko , Murahashi Mutsunori , Murayama Yuichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Although a therapeutic effect of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy, a kind of regenerative medicine, has been recognized in various types of cancer including malignant glioma, it is still impractical because of several unsolved problems. This study is aimed to solve the problems in regenerative medicine through a clinical trial of immunotherapy using fusions of DCs and glioma cells (GCs) against malignant glioma, and to put it into practical use. Methods: Primary cultured GCs and glioma stem cells (GSCs) were generated from surgical specimens of patient. DCs were generated from PBMC of same patient, and were fused with GCs and GSCs. The entire process of cell production must be performed by pairs of two cell-culture operators in a dedicated cell processing facility. We developed a remote cell-observation system for reducing hands work of operators. As a project to establish a preservation method, cryopreservation of glioma tissues, GCs/GSCs, DCs and fusion cells followed by their viability examination. Results: The remote cell-observation system worked stable in morphological observation and cell-counting for adhesion cells. A growth curve was also automatically and accurately created. Although a morphological observation of floating cells such as GSCs and DCs was possible, there was some error in counting of those cells. A project to establish a preservation method is currently underway, including the development of storage containers and storage liquids. Conclusions: Although the remote cell-observation system required some modifications at the observation site, depth of focus, etc. for floating cells, there was no problem in accuracy for adhesion cells compared with operator’s observation. This system, which can be easily installed at low cost, seemed to be helpful for practical use of regenerative medical products including this therapy. We are working on a project to establish a stable transportation and preservation method for prevalence of this treatment.
MPC-6 Clinical significance of whole chromosomal aberration signatures in non-metastatic medulloblastomas treated with 18Gy of craniospinal irradiation
Authors: Fukuoka Kohei , Kurihara Jun , Mori Makiko , Arakawa Yuki , Yoshioka Ema , Shofuda Tomoko , Matsushita Yuko , Hibiya Yuko , Honda Satoko , Nakazawa Atsuko , Kiyotani Chikako , Kagawa Naoki , Yamasaki Kai , Ando Ryo , Keino Dai , Miyairi Yosuke , Sasaki Atsushi , Nishikawa Ryo , Date Isao , Nagane Motoo , Koh Katsuyoshi , Ichimura Koichi , Kanemura Yonehiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the most significant challenges is a reduction in the dose of craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in patients with medulloblastoma to minimize neurological sequelae. However, a North American clinical trial failed to show the prognostic non-inferiority of lower-dose irradiation compared to that associated with standard-dose radiation therapy for non-metastatic medulloblastomas. A European retrospective study revealed that whole chromosomal aberration signatures (WCASs) are a potential prognostic factor in Group 3/4 medulloblastoma without metastasis, but whether the molecular signature has the same clinical impact in patients treated with lower-dose CSI remains unknown. Methods: We conducted DNA methylation analysis using an Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip array to investigate molecular prognostic markers in 23 medulloblastoma patients who were registered in the Japan Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Group and treated with lower-dose CSI relative to standard treatment. A WCAS was defined as the presence of at least two of three chromosomal changes as follows: chromosome (chr) 7 gain, chr 8 loss, and chr 11 gain.Results: All patients presented with no residue or a residual tumor smaller than 1.5 cm2 after surgery without metastasis. The median age at onset was 6.9 years, and the median follow-up period was 80.6 months. CSI was delivered at a median dose of 18.0 Gy. Regarding molecular subgrouping, there were 5 WNT, 2 SHH, 1 Group 3, and 15 Group 4 medulloblastomas. Seven patients with Group 3/4 medulloblastomas showed WCASs and had significantly better prognosis than those without the alteration (5-year progression-free survival 100% vs. 63%, p = 0.046). Two late relapses occurred at 89 and 115 months after diagnosis, respectively, and one of these patients presented with a WCAS.Conclusion: WCAS may be a molecular prognostic marker not only in patients with medulloblastoma treated with standard-dose CSI but also in those treated with lower-dose irradiation.
MPC-17 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS, 5th ed
Authors: Komori Takashi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The grading of gliomas based on histological features has been a subject of debate for several decades. While the traditional grading system has failed to stratify the risk of IDH-mutant astrocytoma, canonical histological and proliferative markers may be applicable to the risk stratification of IDH-wildtype astrocytoma. Numerous studies have examined molecular markers to obtain more clinically relevant information that will improve the risk stratification of gliomas. The CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion for IDH-mutant astrocytoma and the following three criteria for IDH-wildtype astrocytoma: the concurrent gain of whole chromosome 7 and loss of whole chromosome 10, TERT promoter mutations, and EGFR amplification, were identified as independent molecular markers of the worst clinical outcomes. Therefore, the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System adopted these molecular markers into the revised grading criteria of IDH-mutant and -wildtype astrocytoma respectively, as a grading system within tumor types. For diffuse gliomas in children, molecular alteration-based classification was adopted, dividing low-grade and high-grade subcategories. New tumor types and subtypes were introduced, some based on DNA methylation profiling. To achieve this novel classification in a resource-limited setting, an integrated diagnosis combining clinical, histological, and molecular information became more important.
NQPC-3 A short-time intensive rehabilitation for brain tumor patients with Karnofsky Performance Status of 60-30
Authors: Tejima Sawane , Ueyama Mai , Okamura Daijiro , Ideguchi Makoto , Matsutani Masao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Brain tumor patients with KPS of 60 to 30 after the initial treatment are not able to spend independent life at home. The goal of this study is to return these patients to their home with minimal family support by delivering intensive rehabilitation to them. Seventy-five brain patients were evaluated every 10 days from the beginning to the end of rehabilitation treatment, according to clinical scales of Functional Independence Measure (FIM) of 1–7 points depending on the degree of independence. The rehabilitation effect was judged by the degree of improvement of 11 out of 13 motor FIM items, excluding stair climbing and bathing movements. When more than half number of the 11 motor FIM items requiring physical assistance (4 points or less) improved up to non-assistance (5 points or more), it was judged as a significant effect. In addition, when all 11 items present with 6 points (independence possible) or more and all 5 of FIM recognition items are 5 points or more (understand the domestic rules), it was judged that the patients acquired independent living ability. RESULTS: 1. Of the 75 patients, 54 (72%) showed a significant effect, and 38 of them (50.7% of the total) aquired independence at home. The acquisition-rate of independent living ability by tumor was 44.7% for 38 malignant gliomas, 53.8% for 13 metastatic tumors, 50% for 14 meningiomas, and 71.4% for 7 vascular tumors, and there was no significant difference between them. 2. The median time to reach the maximum rehabilitation effect was 35 days. CONCLUSION: Intensive rehabilitation for brain tumor patients with KPS of 60 to 30 is effective and should be incorporated into the palliative treatments in the brain tumor treatment guidelines.
MET-5 Salvage surgical resection after linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy for brain metastasis
Authors: Matsuda Ryosuke , Morimoto Takayuki , Tamamoto Tetsuro , Kotsugi Masashi , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Tamura Kentaro , Yamada Shuichi , Nishimura Fumihiko , Nakagawa Ichiro , Park Young-Soo , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Nakase Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Methods: Between November 2009 and December 2018, 335 consecutive patients with 1085 brain metastases were treated with SRS/fSRT for newly diagnosed brain metastasis at our hospital. Nineteen of 335 patients (5.6%) and 19 of 1044 brain metastases (1.8%) went on to receive SSR after SRS/fSRT during this study period. Two patients underwent multiple surgical resections. Nineteen consecutive patients underwent 21 SSRs. Results: The median time from initial SRS/fSRT to SSR was 14 months (range: 2–96 months). The median follow-up after SSR was 15 months (range: 2–76 months). The range of tumor volume at initial SRS/fSRT was 0.12–21.46 cm3 (median: 2.19 cm3). Histopathological diagnosis after SSR was recurrence, radiation necrosis (RN) and cyst formation in 13 and 6 cases, respectively. The time from SRS/fSRT to SSR were shorter in the recurrence than in the RNs and cyst formation, but these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). The median survival time from SSR and from initial SRS/fSRT was 17 months and 74 months, respectively. The cases with recurrence had a significantly shorter survival time from initial SRS/fSRT than those without recurrence (p=0.045).Conclusion: The patients treated with SRS/fSRT for brain metastasis need long-term follow-up. SSR is a safe and effective treatment for the recurrence, RN, and cyst formation after SRS/fSRT for brain metastasis.
Legitimacy of the Suspension of Standing Orders: The Case of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of Malaysia
Authors: Saari Muthanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article explores the ways in which the suspension of standing orders is being practised in the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of Malaysia during part of the 14th Parliament from 2018 to 2020, with regard to its ultimate goal in achieving legislative functions, rather than as a shortcut to advance legislative or other business. This paper examines the legitimacy of having specific provisions in the Standing Orders of the Dewan Rakyat that would allow a suspension of standing orders to be carried out. Comparable to practices in the Australian and the New Zealand House of Representatives, it is suggested that a clear procedure for the suspension of standing orders in the Dewan Rakyat needs to be devised as part of achieving the proper legislative function of Parliament.
VERA astrometry toward the Perseus arm gap
Authors: Sakai Nobuyuki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Kurahara Kohei , Sakai Daisuke , Hachisuka Kazuya , Kim Jeong-Sook , Kameya Osamu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Perseus arm has a gap in Galactic longitudes (l) between 50° and 80° (hereafter the Perseus arm gap) where the arm has little star formation activity. To better understand the gap, we conducted astrometric observations with VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry) and analyzed archival H i data. We report on parallax and proper motion results from four star-forming regions, of which G050.28−00.39 and G070.33+01.59 are likely associated with the gap. The measured parallaxes are 0.140 ± 0.018 (mas), 0.726 ± 0.038 (mas), 0.074 ± 0.037 (mas), and 0.118 ± 0.035 (mas) for G050.28−00.39, G053.14+00.07, G070.33+01.59, and G079.08+01.33, respectively. Since the fractional parallax error of G070.33+01.59 is large (0.5), we estimated a 3D kinematic distance of the source of 7.7 ± 1.0 kpc using both the LSR velocity (VLSR) and the measured proper motion. Perseus-arm sources G049.41+00.32 and G050.28−00.39 lag relative to a Galactic rotation by 77 ± 17 km s−1 and 31 ± 10 km s−1, respectively. The noncircular motion of G049.41+00.32 cannot be explained by the gravitational potential of the Perseus arm. We discovered rectangular holes with integrated brightness temperatures of &lt;30 K arcdeg in l vs. VLSR of the H i data. One of the holes is centered near (l, VLSR) = (47°, −15 km s−1), and G049.41+00.32 is associated with the rim of the hole. However, G050.28−00.39 is not associated with the hole. We found extended H i emission on one side of the Galactic plane when integrating the H i data over the velocity range covering the hole (i.e., VLSR = [−25, −5] km s−1). G049.41+00.32 and G050.28−00.39 are moving toward the emission. The Galactic H i disk at the same velocity range showed an arc structure, indicating that the disk was pushed from the lower side of the disk. All the observational results might be explained by a cloud collision with the Galactic disk.
Fostemsavir: a first-in-class HIV-1 attachment inhibitor
Authors: Grant Philip M. , Kozal Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Fostemsavir is a recently Food and Drug Administration-approved HIV-1 attachment inhibitor that binds to HIV-1 gp120 and prevents viral attachment to the cellular CD4 receptor. Here, we review the pharmacology, efficacy, tolerability, and resistance profile of fostemsavir.

Recent findings
Fostemsavir is well tolerated and maintains virologic activity in individuals harboring multidrug-resistant HIV-1. In conjunction with optimal background therapy, a majority of heavily treatment-experienced clinical trial participants treated with fostemsavir achieved virologic suppression.

Summary
The approval of fostemsavir represents an important advance for individuals harboring multidrug resistant HIV-1 due to its novel mechanism of action and lack of cross-resistance to other antiretrovirals. Further study will better define the role of resistance testing for fostemsavir and fostemsavir's potential role outside of salvage therapy in heavily treatment-experienced individuals.
Lenacapavir: a first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor
Authors: Dvory-Sobol Hadas , Shaik Naveed , Callebaut Christian , Rhee Martin S. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
This review summarizes available data for lenacapavir, an investigational first-in-class agent that disrupts functioning of HIV capsid protein across multiple steps in the viral life cycle.

Recent findings
Lenacapavir demonstrated picomolar potency in vitro with no cross resistance to existing antiretroviral classes and potent antiviral activity in persons with HIV-1. In persons with HIV-1, there was no preexisting resistance to lenacapavir regardless of treatment history. Lenacapavir can be administered orally either daily or weekly and subcutaneously up to every 6 months. In heavily treatment-experienced persons with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 and in treatment-naive persons with HIV-1, lenacapavir in combination with other antiretroviral agents led to high rates of virologic suppression and was well tolerated.

Summary
Ongoing studies are evaluating long-acting dosing of lenacapavir for treating HIV-1 in combination with other antiretrovirals and preventing HIV-1 as a single agent.
Risk factors for pulmonary embolism in ICU patients
Authors: Xu Xiujuan , Dai Rongchen , Wu Hanting , Meng Jianbiao , He Peijie , Liang Juan , Ji Conghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a clinical disease of pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure and pulmonary oxygen uptake dysfunction caused by obstruction of pulmonary artery blood flow caused by embolic substances. The incidence rate of acute PE (ATPE) has been increasing year by year in recent years. And ATPE has become a hot topic of common concern in the departments of severe, emergency, respiratory and heart diseases. Research and clinical practice have proved that early thrombolysis and other specific treatment can greatly improve its prognosis. However, the early diagnosis and treatment rate of ATPE is only 7%, for the lack of simple and objective diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of the degree of ATPE. Therefore, the screening of risk factors for PE in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by systematic review and meta-analysis is an important preliminary work to carry out the early diagnosis model of PE.

Methods:
We will retrieve eight electronic databases from their inception to May 31, 2021, which include PubMed, Cochrane Library, Excerpt Medical Database (Embase), Web of science, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP database (VIP), Wan Fang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We will use STATA V.13.0 software and RevMan5.3 for data analysis, and risk factor effect sizes will be expressed as an odds ratio and their 95% Cl.

Results:
We will disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis via publications in peer-reviewed journals. With this study, we can get the significant risk factors and risk ratio of PE in ICU patients.

Conclusion:
This study systematically reviewed the existing evidence and determined the risk factors for PE in ICU patients. This study provides a basis for the establishment of early warning and prediction model of PE in ICU patients.
Single-port magnetic-assisted sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Borjas G. , Sánchez N. , Urdaneta A. , Maldonado A. , Ramos E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Sleeve gastrectomy is the most frequent surgery performed worldwide in bariatric surgery. In recent years, there has been an increase in the tendency to perform this procedure using a single port; however, to date, there have been no reports of this magnet-assisted surgery. We developed a magnet-assisted sleeve gastrectomy technique to demonstrate the use of magnets in different steps of the surgery to perform this procedure.

Patient Concerns:
A 38-year-old woman with a body mass index of 36.2 kg/m2 attended the clinic with the desire to lose weight in order to improve her living conditions.

Diagnosis:
Based on her weight and height, the patient's body mass index was diagnosed as obese grade II. During the examination by the multidisciplinary team, the patient presented with a blood pressure of 133/86 mm Hg and was diagnosed with hypertension.

Intervention:
The sleeve gastrectomy technique was performed in a standard manner using a single port located in the umbilicus and a 5-mm port in the right upper quadrant. In addition, we used a magnet positioned on the outside of the patient's abdomen, and a grasper coupled to a magnet was positioned in different parts of the cavity to assist in different steps of the surgery.

Outcomes:
The surgery was successfully completed with no intraoperative complications with the use of magnetic devices. The patient was discharged 36 hours postoperatively with nutritional indications. At the month follow-up the patient lost 7 kg of initial weight.

Lessons:
The use of a novel magnetic device can achieve a greater degree of ease in the face of difficulties associated with single-port sleeve gastrectomy.
Scoping review of the association between postsurgical pain and heart rate variability parameters
Authors: So Vincent , Balanaser Marielle , Klar Gregory , Leitch Jordan , McGillion Michael , Devereaux P.J. , Arellano Ramiro , Parlow Joel , Gilron Ian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Surgical interventions can elicit neuroendocrine and sympathovagal responses, leading to cardiac autonomic imbalance. Cardiac complications account for approximately 30% of postoperative complications. Altered heart rate variability (HRV) was initially described in the 1970s as a predictor of acute coronary syndromes and has more recently been shown to be an independent predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery. In general, HRV reflects autonomic balance, and altered HRV measures have been associated with anesthetic use, chronic pain conditions, and experimental pain. Despite the well-documented relationship between altered HRV and postsurgical outcomes and various pain conditions, there has not been a review of available evidence describing the association between postsurgical pain and HRV. We examined the relationship between postsurgical pain and HRV. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched until December 2020 and included all studies with primary data. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias for each study using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. A total of 8 studies and 1002 participants were included. Studies examined the association of postsurgical pain and HRV or analgesia nociception index derived from HRV. There was a statistically significant association between HRV measures and postsurgical pain in 6 of 8 studies. Heterogeneity of studies precluded meta-analyses. No studies reported cardiovascular outcomes. There is a potential association between postsurgical pain and HRV or analgesia nociception index, although results are likely impacted by confounding variables. Future studies are required to better delineate the relationship between postsurgical pain and HRV and impacts on cardiovascular outcomes.
Effects of extreme meteorological conditions in 2018 on European methane emissions estimated using atmospheric inversions
Authors: Thompson R. L. , Groot Zwaaftink C. D. , Brunner D. , Tsuruta A. , Aalto T. , Raivonen M. , Crippa M. , Solazzo E.  , Guizzardi D. , Regnier P. , Maisonnier M.  
Published: December 2021

The effect of the 2018 extreme meteorological conditions in Europe on methane (CH4) emissions is examined using estimates from four atmospheric inversions calculated for the period 2005–2018. For most of Europe, we find no anomaly in 2018 compared to the 2005–2018 mean. However, we find a positive anomaly for the Netherlands in April, which coincided with positive temperature and soil moisture anomalies suggesting an increase in biogenic sources. We also find a negative anomaly for the Netherlands for September–October, which coincided with a negative anomaly in soil moisture, suggesting a decrease in soil sources. In addition, we find a positive anomaly for Serbia in spring, summer and autumn, which coincided with increases in temperature and soil moisture, again suggestive of changes in biogenic sources, and the annual emission for 2018 was 33 ± 38% higher than the 2005–2017 mean. These results indicate that CH4emissions from areas where the natural source is thought to be relatively small can still vary due to meteorological conditions. At the European scale though, the degree of variability over 2005–2018 was small, and there was negligible impact on the annual CH4emissions in 2018 despite the extreme meteorological conditions.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)’.