bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of extinction risk in Australian squamate reptiles
Authors: Senior Anna F. , Böhm Monika , Johnstone Christopher P. , McGee Matthew D. , Meiri Shai , Chapple David G. , Tingley Reid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimIdentification of particular traits that predispose species to elevated extinction risk is an important component of proactive conservation. We capitalise on a recent strategic extinction risk assessment of all Australian squamate reptiles to identify intrinsic life history traits and extrinsic threats that correlate with extinction risk. We further assess whether extinction risk correlates differ between species impacted by different threatening processes (habitat loss vs. invasive species).LocationAustralia.TaxonSquamate reptiles.MethodsWe used the IUCN Red List data for Australian squamates, and publicly available datasets for 14 intrinsic and extrinsic traits. We used phylogenetically controlled Bayesian inference to test hypotheses regarding relationships between extinction risk and species traits, environment, and threat measures.ResultsWe found that intrinsic characteristics (habitat specialisation, small range size and large body size), as well as extrinsic factors (high human footprint, accessibility from human population centres, cold temperatures and high rainfall), predispose a species to extinction. Similar predictors were important in threat‐specific analyses, although relationships were generally more uncertain.ConclusionsOur results largely accord with those of global and regional studies of extinction risk in reptiles and of terrestrial vertebrates more broadly. Our findings illustrate that there is no single pathway to extinction among Australian squamates.
Tissue remodelling and increased DNA damage in patients with incompetent valves in chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Ortega Miguel A. , Fraile‐Martínez Oscar , García‐Montero Cielo , Pekarek Leonel , Alvarez‐Mon Miguel A. , Guijarro Luis G. , del Carmen Boyano Maria , Sainz Felipe , Álvarez‐Mon Melchor , Buján Julia , García‐Honduvilla Natalio , Asúnsolo Ángel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic venous insufficiency (CVI), in which blood return to the heart is impaired, is a prevalent condition worldwide. Valve incompetence is a complication of CVI that results in blood reflux, thereby aggravating venous hypertension. While CVI has a complex course and is known to produce alterations in the vein wall, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the presence of DNA damage, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling in CVI‐related valve incompetence. One hundred and ten patients with CVI were reviewed and divided into four groups according to age (<50 and ≥50 years) and a clinical diagnosis of venous reflux indicating venous system valve incompetence (R) (n = 81) or no reflux (NR) (n = 29). In vein specimens (greater saphenous vein) from each group, PARP, IL‐17, COL‐I, COL‐III, MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 expression levels were determined by RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The younger patients with valve incompetence showed significantly higher PARP, IL‐17, COL‐I, COL‐III, MMP‐2 and reduced TIMP‐2 expression levels and a higher COL‐I/III ratio. Young CVI patients with venous reflux suffer chronic DNA damage, with consequences at both the local tissue and systemic levels, possibly associated with ageing.
Retrospective study of phaeohyphomycosis in aquarium‐housed fish, with first descriptions of Exophiala lecanii‐corni and Neodevriesia cladophorae in fish
Authors: Armwood Abigail R. , Cañete‐Gibas Connie F. , Dill‐Okubo Jennifer A. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Camus Alvin C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA broadening fish host range is affected by novel and known pigmented fungal pathogens. A review of 2,250 piscine submissions received by the Aquatic Pathology Service, University of Georgia, revealed 47 phaeohyphomycosis cases (2.1%), representing 34 bony and cartilaginous fish species. The majority involved bony fish (45/47, 95.7%) and were predominantly marine (41/47, 87.2%), with only a few freshwater species (4/47, 8.5%). Cartilaginous fish cases included two zebra sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum) (2/47, 4.3%). Northern seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) had the highest incidence overall (7/47, 14.9%). Culture and sequencing of the internal‐transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (ITS), large ribosomal subunit gene D1/D2 domains (LSU) and the DNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) were performed for fungal identification when fresh tissue was obtainable. Exophiala, Ochroconis and Neodevriesia spp. were identified, with Exophiala as the most common fungal genus (8/11, 72.7%). Exophiala lecanii‐corni and Neodevriesia cladophorae were described for the first time from fish. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and angioinvasion most frequently affecting the skin/fin, skeletal muscle and kidneys. In this study of diverse aquarium‐housed fish species, phaeohyphomycosis cases occurred sporadically and in rare outbreaks with variable pathologic presentations, tissue distributions and severities.
Effect of septal deviation on nasomaxillary shape: A geometric morphometric study
Authors: Abou Sleiman Roni , Saadé Antoine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNasal cavities in their primitive stage communicate with the oral cavity until the 8th week of intrauterine life where the posterior palate initiates its development. Hence, starting from the initial growth phases, a significant connection lays between the nasal structures and the maxillary bone and witnessing key functional roles, among which the respiration. Proper nasal breathing has been proven to be a crucial factor for the maturity of the craniofacial complex, and obstruction of the respiratory airway due to nasal septum deviation can generate clinically significant reduction of the nasal airflow. This situation will imply irreversible repercussions that hinders the harmonious development of the craniofacial complex. In order to understand such potential impacts of septal deviation, our first objective was to materialize the relation between septum deviation, and both nasal cavity and maxillary structures. For the second objective, we used Procrustes analysis to assess the shape variation of these two anatomical regions, the bivariate plots of Principal Components to evaluate their shape space, and a two‐block Partial Least Square (PLS) to explore their covariation. We analysed, in this cross‐sectional study, 62 posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs of adult subjects from both sexes (23 males, 39 females; mean age 25.3 years) collected from the database of the Department of Orthodontics at Lebanese University. Landmarks were plotted and variables were calculated and divided into nasal septum, nasal cavity and maxillary ones. The sample was further divided into two groups based on septal deviation severity (a septal deviation is considered minor if <6). The results suggested that nasal septum deviation was correlated to reduced nasal cavity area and a reduced maxillary area. Moreover, the comparison of the two groups concluded that the difference between all variables was statistically significant with higher scores in the minor septal deviation group. These findings were corroborated with the shape analysis where the mean centroid size of nasal cavity and that of the maxilla in the group of reduced septal deviation were significantly greater than those of the group with increased angle of deviation. Results of PLS analysis concluded to a strong covariation between nasal septum and nasomaxillary complex. These conclusions support the early septoplasty in growing patients as a solution to redirect the normal course of growth and re‐establish a good function of the nasomaxillary complex.
“There are traitors among us”: On the Emotional Vicissitudes of Populist Politics
Authors: Fierman Julia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines fellowship and accusations of betrayal among members of a populist movement in contemporary Argentina. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted among self‐described “militants” of the Kirchnerist movement, a contemporary iteration of Peronism, this work makes a uniquely anthropological intervention into existing literature on populist politics, which tends to focus on populism’s demonization of the enemy of “the people.” In contrast, this article argues that a focus on the demonization of an external enemy misses essential dimensions of the social world of Peronist politics, which is primarily characterized by loving bonds of fellowship between Peronist militants. I show how, in moments of uncertainty, this emphasis on fellowship morphs into a preoccupation with treachery, such that concern with the potential insubordination of one’s fellow Peronists eclipses animus towards external enemies. This article argues for greater attention to the lived experiences of adherents to populist movements to encourage a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the social world of populist politics.
Excreta quality and digestive function of singly versus couple caged Sardinian partridges (Alectoris barbara barbara Bonnaterre, 1790) as non‐invasive indicators of birds’ coping ability to forced pairing
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Pudda Flavia , Muzzeddu Marco , Schiavone Achille , Varcasia Antonio , Nery Joana , Serra Giuseppe , Seidavi Alireza , Cappai Maria Grazia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Sardinian partridge is a monogamous wild bird species of least concern according to IUCN list at present, though formerly accounted among threatened species for decades. The creation of couples is crucial in captivity, because forced pairing in cages can lead to poor welfare of birds, specially of females. This study investigated the impact of single versus couple caging of Sardinian partridges during non‐laying period based on the collection and interpretation of indirect and non‐invasive parameters (feed intake; space availability; excreta quality; and nutrient utilization). A total of 24 couples of breeding partridges were enrolled for two consequent phases of a same investigation (lasting 15 days each). During phase 1, all couples were fed ad libitum with a pelleted complete diet (DM, 905 g kg−1 of diet; CP, 160 g kg−1; and EE, 25 g kg−1). In phase 2, each male from 12 out of 24 couples was moved to an identical cage close to that where the female remained alone, to keep visual contact. The rest of couples continued to be kept like in phase 1. During phases 1 and 2, feed intake and excreta outputs were recorded daily. Pooled excreta of the last 3 days from couples and single birds were assessed for pH and DM, CP and ash content. Nutrient digestibility was calculated. No significant differences were noted between single versus couple caging regarding body weight (438 vs. 422 g respectively) or nutrient digestibility. However, singly housed males reduced daily feed intakes and females increased daily feed intake per g−1 BW (0.041 vs. 0.052 g, respectively, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that singly caged partridges from permanent couples can improve the access to feed and reduce competition during the non‐mating season.
Do black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies attract foraging bats?
Authors: Adams R. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlack‐tailed prairie dog (BTPD) colonies are known to be hotbeds of biodiversity. Manipulation of landscape by BTPDs increases plant and animal diversity in grasslands, and thus BTPDs are considered ecosystem engineers. If BTPD colonies induce increases in insect diversity in the eastern foothills of Colorado, as shown for other areas, it stands to reason that insectivorous bats may respond by increasing their activity in those areas. I tested this hypothesis in the north‐eastern foothills habitat of Colorado, USA, by surveying for echolocation calls within four BTPD colonies and adjacent reference sites lacking BTPD burrows. Results show that bats were significantly more active in BTPD colonies than at adjacent reference sites. In addition, of the nine resident bat species, small‐footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) showed the most consistent relationship with BTPD colonies. Other species that were more active in BTPD colonies included little brown myotis (M. lucifugus), fringed myotis (M. thysanodes), big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus). The typically forest‐edge adapted species, M. ciliolabrum, and M. thysanodes a forest‐adapted specialist, were active more than expected in treeless BTPD colonies indicating the BTPD colonies are providing a resource not present outside colony perimeters. This study provides the first evidence of a relationship between BTPD colonies and bats in western North America.
Psychiatric symptoms influence reward‐seeking and loss‐avoidance decision‐making through common and distinct computational processes
Authors: Suzuki Shinsuke , Yamashita Yuichi , Katahira Kentaro 
Published: June 2021

AimPsychiatric symptoms are often accompanied by impairments in decision‐making to attain rewards and avoid losses. However, due to the complex nature of mental disorders (e.g., high comorbidity), symptoms that are specifically associated with deficits in decision‐making remain unidentified. Furthermore, the influence of psychiatric symptoms on computations underpinning reward‐seeking and loss‐avoidance decision‐making remains elusive. Here, we aim to address these issues by leveraging a large‐scale online experiment and computational modeling.MethodsIn the online experiment, we recruited 1900 non‐diagnostic participants from the general population. They performed either a reward‐seeking or loss‐avoidance decision‐making task, and subsequently completed questionnaires about psychiatric symptoms.ResultsWe found that one trans‐diagnostic dimension of psychiatric symptoms related to compulsive behavior and intrusive thought (CIT) was negatively correlated with overall decision‐making performance in both the reward‐seeking and loss‐avoidance tasks. A deeper analysis further revealed that, in both tasks, the CIT psychiatric dimension was associated with lower preference for the options that recently led to better outcomes (i.e. reward or no‐loss). On the other hand, in the reward‐seeking task only, the CIT dimension was associated with lower preference for recently unchosen options.ConclusionThese findings suggest that psychiatric symptoms influence the two types of decision‐making, reward‐seeking and loss‐avoidance, through both common and distinct computational processes.
Chill Pills Panic: Legal Constructions of Play, Race, and the Policing of Care in California's Administrative Courts
Authors: Valles Dario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUS legal‐administrative interpretations of children's play offer critical insight into the production of racial difference and reproduction of economic disparities under the aegis of the postwelfare state. This article analyzes ethnographic observations in an administrative court in Los Angeles and transcripts of childcare license revocation hearings for an African American home‐based early education provider serving working‐class families via welfare‐to‐work systems. As courtroom ethnography reveals, US postwelfare institutions view play through an ideological prism that enshrines White middle‐class patterns of consumption as normative. Tasked with an ill‐defined postwelfare state mandate of early intervention, street‐level bureaucrats not only assess young Black and Latinx children as continual future threats but also as vulnerable in the present to their guardians’ poor choices.[childhood, race, care, administrative courts, play, postwelfare state]
A spatially aware method for mapping movement‐based and place‐based regions from spatial flow networks
Authors: Sekulić Sebastijan , Long Jed , Demšar Urška 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommunity detection (CD) is a frequent method for analysing flow networks in geography. It allows us to partition the network into a set of densely interconnected regions, called communities. We introduce a new technique for including geographical weighting in existing methods for detecting spatially coherent communities. We take a link‐based CD algorithm and adjust it to incorporate geographical weighting. We call this approach geographically weighted community detection (GWCD). Our method is demonstrated on two case studies of commonly encountered flow networks: commuter flows and taxi pick‐up/drop‐off flows. Further, we test different measures of distance for geographic weighting and compare our results with the unmodified CD algorithm. Our results show that GWCD can capture the geographical nature of flow regions, generating spatially smaller and more compact areas than if geography is omitted, and that it can be used to distinguish between different types of movement‐type communities.
The vertebral heart scale on CT is correlated to radiographs in dogs
Authors: Timperman Lauren , Habing Greg , Green Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vertebral heart scale (VHS) has long been used as an objective standard for evaluation of cardiac silhouette size on thoracic radiographs and plays a key role in the diagnosis as well as the assessment of the severity of canine heart disease. Based on our review of the literature, there has been no published study describing an objective method for measuring overall heart size using computed tomography (CT) in canine patients. The goals of this exploratory prospective method comparison study were to describe a method for objectively evaluating heart size on canine thoracic CT images, determine whether there was a correlation between the VHS when applied to a right lateral thoracic radiograph and a sagittal image of a thoracic CT scan, and determine the effect of cardiac phase on a VHS measured on CT. A method for measuring VHS on canine CT studies was defined. Data were collected on canine patients admitted to The Ohio State Veterinary Medical Center. Each patient received an ECG‐gated thoracic CT immediately followed by a right lateral thoracic radiograph. The VHS was measured on non‐gated, systolic, and diastolic sagittal CT reformatted images. Our results indicated that cardiac gating may not be necessary when assessing canine heart size on CT. When comparing the VHS on gated and non‐gated CT to the VHS on radiographs, there was a moderate to high degree of correlation; however, there was a high degree of variability between CT and radiography.
18Fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for assessment of deep digital flexor tendinopathy: An exploratory study in eight horses with comparison to CT and MRI
Authors: Wilson Sabrina , Spriet Mathieu , Mur Pablo Espinosa , Anishchenko Sergey , Beylin David , Katzman Scott , Galuppo Larry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLesions of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) are a cause for foot lameness in horses. Positron emission tomography (PET) could provide valuable information regarding the metabolic activity of these lesions. The aims of this exploratory, prospective, methods comparison study were to assess the ability of 18fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET to detect DDFT lesions and to compare the PET findings with CT and MRI findings. Eight horses with lameness due to pain localized to the front feet were included. Both front limbs of all horses were imaged with 18F‐FDG PET, noncontrast CT, and arterial contrast‐enhanced CT; 11 limbs were also assessed using MRI. Two observers graded independently 18F‐FDG PET, noncontrast CT, arterial contrast CT, T1‐weighted (T1‐w) MRI, and T2‐weighted (T2‐w)/STIR MRI. Maximal standardized uptake values were measured. Lesions were found in seven of 16 DDFT on PET, 12 of 16 DDFT on noncontrast CT, six of 15 DDFT on arterial contrast CT, eight of 11 DDFT on T1‐w MRI, and six of 11 DDFT on T2‐w/STIR MRI. Positron emission tomography was in better agreement with arterial contrast CT (Kappa‐weighted 0.40) and T2‐w/STIR MRI (0.35) than with noncontrast CT (0.28) and T1‐w MRI (0.20). Maximal standardized uptake values of lesions ranged from 1.9 to 4.6 with a median of 3.1. Chronic lesions with scar tissues identified on noncontrast CT or T1‐w MRI did not have increased 18F‐FDG uptake. These results demonstrated that 18F‐FDG PET agreed more closely with modalities previously used to detect active tendon lesions, i.e. arterial contrast CT and T2‐w/STIR MRI. 18Fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET can be used to identify metabolically active DDFT lesions in horses.
Circus activities as a health intervention for children, youths, and adolescents: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Coulston Free , Cameron Kate L. , Spittle Alicia , Sellick Kath , Toovey Rachel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to map the evidence on circus activities described and/or evaluated as a health intervention for children, youths, and adolescents. Increased understanding of how these interventions work, and gaps identified, will allow researchers and practitioners to advance the science behind these approaches.

Introduction:
Circus activities are proposed in the literature as a health intervention, due to their variety, non-competitive nature, and potential to develop fundamental physical and social skills. For the purposes of this review, circus activities as a health intervention are defined as aerial, acrobatic, equilibristic, and manipulation skills taught to participants to maintain, improve, or modify health, functioning, or health conditions.

Inclusion criteria:
English-language evidence will be considered where circus activities as a health intervention are described and/or evaluated for participants up to 24 years of age, or who are defined as children, youths, or adolescents. Literature will be excluded where the focus of the intervention is clowning, magic, or drama games, or where circus activities are not the therapeutic part of the activity.

Methods:
MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO (Ovid), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar will be searched for peer-reviewed and gray literature. No restriction on dates, type, methodology, or setting will be imposed, but limits will include “human” and “English language.” Screening and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Reference lists of included sources will be screened. Results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular format, alongside a narrative description, under headings aligning with the research sub-questions.