bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panic‐like responses of female Wistar rats confronted by Bothrops alternatus pit vipers, or exposure to acute hypoxia: Effect of oestrous cycle
Authors: Ferreira‐Sgobbi Renata , de Figueiredo Rebeca Machado , Frias Alana Tercino , Matthiesen Melina , Batistela Matheus Fitipaldi , Falconi‐Sobrinho Luiz Luciano , Vilela‐Costa Heloísa Helena , Sá Susana Isabel , Lovick Thelma Anderson , Zangrossi Hélio , Coimbra Norberto Cysne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnxiety‐related diseases are more than twice as common in women than in men, and in women, symptoms may be exacerbated during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Despite this, most research into the underlying mechanisms, which drives drug development, have been carried out using male animals. In an effort to redress this imbalance, we compared responses of male and female Wistar rats during exposure to two unconditioned threatening stimuli that evoke panic‐related defensive behaviours: confrontation with a predator (Bothrops alternatus) and acute exposure to hypoxia (7% O2). Threatened by venomous snake, male and female rats initially displayed defensive attention, risk assessment, and cautious interaction with the snake, progressing to defensive immobility to overt escape. Both males and females displayed higher levels of risk assessment but less interaction with the predator. They also spent more time in the burrow, displaying inhibitory avoidance, and more time engaged in defensive attention, and non‐oriented escape behaviour. In females, anxiety‐like behaviour was most pronounced in the oestrous and proestrus phases whereas panic‐like behaviour was more pronounced during the dioestrus phase, particularly during late dioestrus. Acute hypoxia evoked panic‐like behaviour (undirected jumping) in both sexes, but in females, responsiveness in late dioestrus was significantly greater than at other stages of the cycle. The results reveal that females respond in a qualitatively similar manner to males during exposure to naturally occurring threatening stimuli, but the responses of females is oestrous cycle dependent with a significant exacerbation of panic‐like behaviour in the late dioestrus phase.
A randomised clinical trial on the effect of oral antimicrobial sprays in institutionalised elders
Authors: Zhang Jiaguan , McGrath Colman , Chan Karen M. K. , Lam Otto L. T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide, chlorhexidine and placebo sprays in improving oral hygiene among institutionalised elders.BackgroundAvailable evidence suggests that oral sprays may be an effective alternative delivery method for plaque control; however, few studies have evaluated antimicrobial agents other than chlorhexidine.Materials and MethodsA total of 228 elders across 11 nursing homes in Hong Kong were recruited into the clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated into one of the following groups: 0.1% pH‐balanced chlorine dioxide spray, 0.2% chlorhexidine spray or sterile water spray (placebo control), once daily. Dental plaque, gingival bleeding and other clinical oral health outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Participant acceptability of the interventions was assessed at the end of the clinical trial.ResultsReview assessments were conducted for 135 elders at 6 months. Significantly greater reductions in plaque index scores were observed with the chlorhexidine spray (0.4) and chlorine dioxide spray (0.3) than the placebo spray (0.1). While significant reductions in gingival bleeding scores were observed within the chlorhexidine (7.4), chlorine dioxide (7.5) and placebo (5.3) sprays after 6 months, change scores were not significantly different between groups. Significantly greater increases in the levels of staining were observed in the chlorhexidine spray group (−0.1) than the chlorine dioxide (0.0) and placebo spray (0.0) groups.ConclusionAntimicrobial sprays were shown to be effective among institutionalised elders. Chlorine dioxide spray showed equivalent effects on dental plaque and gingival bleeding relative to the chlorhexidine spray over a 6‐month period.
Experiment and Simulation of Non‐Reactive Solute Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Li Yihan , Bian Jianmin , Wang Qian , Li Tiesong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo more accurately predict the migration behavior of pollutants in porous media, we conduct laboratory scale experiments and model simulation. Aniline (AN) is used in one‐dimensional soil column experiments designed under various media and hydrodynamic conditions. The advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) and the continuous‐time random walk (CTRW) were used to simulate the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the solute transport. The results show that the media and hydrodynamic conditions are two important factors affecting solute transport and are related to the degree of non‐Fickian transport. The simulation results show that CTRW can more effectively describe the non‐Fickian phenomenon in the solute transport process than ADE. The sensitive parameter in the CTRW simulation process is , which can reflect the degree of non‐Fickian diffusion in the solute transport. Understanding the relationship of with velocity and media particle size is conducive to improving the reactive solute transport model. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for better prediction of pollutant transport in groundwater.
How do consumers respond when presented with novel doctor performance information? A multivariate regression analysis
Authors: Hanson Michelle B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an array of attributes one may consider when selecting a doctor. Consumers must generally select providers in the absence of any standardized performance information about these attributes at the doctor level. Some attributes may be less salient to consumers until presented with novel performance data. Innate decision‐making regret, style and skill may be important, given the complexity of processing and trading off on numerous attributes.ObjectiveThere has been limited opportunity to study consumer behaviour in the presence of doctor‐level quality information, as these data are not widely available. This study explores how consumers interact with doctor‐level performance data, considering their decision‐making regret, style and skill. Specifically, it examines how consumers rate 10 doctor attributes before and after exposure to doctor‐level quality information.MethodsThe study utilizes data from the SelectMD 2.0 Provider Choice Experiment. Respondents (n = 1247) were presented with a mock website reporting quality information and asked to choose a doctor. Difference scores are calculated based on participants' ratings of 10 attributes before and after the experiment and a multivariate ordered probit regression is considered to study the association between the predictors and 10 response outcomes.ResultsConsumers change their valuation of doctor attributes following exposure to quality data. As expected, consumers upgrade their valuation of the safety and technical quality attributes, but this is specifically associated with a greater tendency to regret decisions. Instead, those with a more dependent decision‐making style downgrade reputation, while those with better decision‐making skill downgrade the bedside manner and safety attributes.Patient or Public ContributionConsumers/patients participated in the pilot testing of the website used for the experiment.
Liposomal co‐delivery strategy to improve stability and antioxidant activity of trans‐resveratrol and naringenin
Authors: Huang Meigui , Wang Jin , Tan Chen , Ying Ruifeng , Wu Xian , Chen Wei , Liu Jianhua , Ahmad Mehraj 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDietary polyphenols, viz. naringenin and trans‐resveratrol, are widely consumed by the humans. Nevertheless, being oxidation prone and highly unstable, their utilisation in food systems has been considerably limited. Here, we developed a co‐delivery liposome system to improve the storage and antioxidative stability of naringenin and trans‐resveratrol. Mean particle diameter, polydispersity index and transmission electron microscopy, of single and co‐encapsulated liposomes containing polyphenols were evaluated. Higher encapsulation efficiency was noticed in co‐loaded liposomes (RNLIP; 86.89 ± 1.75%) than liposomes separately loaded with naringenin (NLIP; 77.72 ± 2.42%) and trans‐resveratrol (RLIP; 61.98 ± 1.68%), and the effect was in an additive fashion. Co‐loaded liposomes showed the stronger environmental stability, including pH, temperature and sodium chloride than single encapsulation. In addition, co‐encapsulated liposomes exhibited higher antioxidant activity, which was evaluated by DPPH radical‐scavenging activity, ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability. Therefore, these results confirmed that the strategy of co‐encapsulated trans‐resveratrol (stilbene) and naringenin (flavanone) liposome could maximise polyphenols’ application in food systems.
Production, immobilization and application of invertase from new wild strain Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM
Authors: Rasbold Letícia Mara , Delai Vitória Maciel , da Cruz Kerber Caroline Marlene , Simões Márcia Regina , Heinen Paulo Ricardo , da Conceição Silva José Luis , de Cássia Garcia Simão Rita , Kadowaki Marina Kimiko , Maller Alexandre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The objective of this study was to determine the best conditions to produce invertase by Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM and to immobilize and apply the enzyme.

Methods and Results
The maximum production was verified in 8 days of cultivation at 28°C supplemented with 10 g L–1 apple peel, reaching 1054.85 U ml–1. The invertase was purified from the DEAE-Sephadex column. The derivative immobilized in alginate-gelatin-calcium phosphate showed reusability &gt;50% for 19 cycles. The derivative immobilized in glutaraldehyde-chitosan showed greater thermostability and at a different pH. The hydrolysis of 15 ml of sucrose 500 g L–1 in a fixed bed reactor (total volume of 31 ml) produced 24.44 µmol min–1 of glucose and fructose at a residence time of 30 min and a conversion factor of 0.5.

Conclusions
The new wild strain C. echinulata PA3S12MM presents high invertase production in medium supplemented with an agro-industrial residue and the immobilized enzyme showed high thermal stability and resistance at a different pH.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The fungus C. echinulata PA3S12MM is an excellent producer of invertases in Vogel medium supplemented with apple peel. The enzyme is promising for industrial application since it has good performance in reusability and inverted sugar production.
Impact of gas ultrafine bubbles on the potency of chlorine solutions against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms
Authors: Sekhon Amninder Singh , Unger Phoebe , Singh Arshdeep , Yang Yaeseol , Michael Minto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltrafine bubble technology is a novel concept in food safety that can improve the potency of antimicrobials against biofilms. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of gas (air, CO2, or N2) ultrafine bubbles incorporation in 100 and 200 ppm chlorine (Cl2) solutions to inactivate fresh Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel. Listeria monocytogenes biofilms were grown on stainless steel coupons through static incubation at 37°C for 72 hr by immersing in L. monocytogenes inoculated brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The coupons were treated by dipping in water or Cl2 solutions with or without ultrafine bubbles for 1 min. Random pre‐determined areas on coupons were swabbed into Dey–Engley neutralizing broth before and after treatments and enumerated using BHI agar. Air and CO2 nanobubbles in 100 ppm Cl2 resulted in greater log reductions (5.0 and 4.9 log CFU/cm2, respectively) in L. monocytogenes biofilms compared with 100 ppm Cl2 without gas ultrafine bubbles (3.7 log CFU/cm2). Incorporation of air, CO2, and N2 ultrafine bubbles in water and 200 ppm Cl2 did not have any impact on the efficacy of biofilm inactivation.
Bank Regulation, Network Topology, and Systemic Risk: Evidence from the Great Depression
Authors: DAS SANJIV R. , MITCHENER KRIS JAMES , VOSSMEYER ANGELA 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study how bank regulation interacts with network topology to influence systemic stability. Employing unique hand‐collected data on the correspondent network for all U.S. banks prior to the Great Depression and a methodology that captures bank credit risk and network position, we demonstrate how the pyramid‐shaped network topology was inherently fragile and systemically risky. We measure its contribution to banking distress, and show that a bank's network position as well as its network neighbors' risk are strong predictors of bank survivorship. Institutional alternatives, such as branch banking, and alternative topologies deliver networks that are more stable than that of 1929.
A longitudinal and cross‐sectional study of plasma neurofilament light chain concentration in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Rossor Alexander Martin , Kapoor Mahima , Wellington Henny , Spaulding Emily , Sleigh James N. , Burgess Robert W. , Laura Matilde , Zetterberg Henrik , Bacha Alexa , Wu Xingyao , Heslegrave Amanda , Shy Michael E. , Reilly Mary M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvances in genetic technology and small molecule drug development have paved the way for clinical trials in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT); however, the current FDA‐approved clinical trial outcome measures are insensitive to detect a meaningful clinical response. There is, therefore, a need to identify sensitive outcome measures or clinically relevant biomarkers. The aim of this study was to further evaluate plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) as a disease biomarker in CMT. Plasma NFL was measured using SIMOA technology in both a cross‐sectional study of a US cohort of CMT patients and longitudinally over 6 years in a UK CMT cohort. In addition, plasma NFL was measured longitudinally in two mouse models of CMT2D. Plasma concentrations of NFL were increased in a US cohort of patients with CMT1B, CMT1X and CMT2A but not CMT2E compared with controls. In a separate UK cohort, over a 6‐year interval, there was no significant change in plasma NFL concentration in CMT1A or HSN1, but a small but significant reduction in patients with CMT1X. Plasma NFL was increased in wild type compared to GARSC201R mice. There was no significant difference in plasma NFL in GARSP278KY compared to wild type mice. In patients with CMT1A, the small difference in cross‐sectional NFL concentration vs healthy controls and the lack of change over time suggests that plasma NFL may lack sufficient sensitivity to detect a clinically meaningful treatment response in adulthood.
A point prevalence study of palliative care need and referral rates in adult inpatients
Authors: Cooper Alannah L. , Mazzer Jacqueline , Martin‐Robins Dipna , Brown Janie A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesTo gain an understanding of palliative care need and service utilisation in adult inpatients. The objectives were to 1) Determine the size and characteristics of the population of adult inpatients who were appropriate for palliative care referral, 2) Establish what percentage of patients, who were appropriate for a palliative care referral, had been referred to and/or were receiving palliative care.BackgroundInternationally there is evidence of high levels of unmet palliative care need. Early access to palliative care is associated with improved outcomes including improved quality of life and reduced healthcare costs.DesignAn observational point prevalence study was reported using the STROBE guidelines.MethodsData were collected directly from inpatient medical records at a 578‐bed tertiary private‐not‐for‐profit hospital by three Registered Nurses on 3 June 2021. Palliative care need was assessed using the prognostic criteria for the 12 conditions outlined in the Gold Standards Framework.ResultsA total of 270 inpatients met study inclusion criteria. At a hospital population level, 29% (n = 78) of adult inpatients could have benefitted from palliative care. Of the 78 patients assessed as meeting criteria for palliative care, 29% (n = 23) were currently receiving palliative care with a majority of patients 71% (n = 55) not receiving palliative care.ConclusionsThis study prospectively collected data and included all 12 conditions outlined in the Gold Standards Framework and found a high level of palliative care need. There was evidence of a high level of unmet palliative care need across conditions and treating specialities.Relevance to clinical practiceEstimates of palliative care need can be used to improve access to palliative care and assess operational requirements, including the staffing levels required to meet the level of palliative care need for adult inpatients.
Guillain–Barré syndrome during pregnancy: A case series
Authors: Ždraljević Mirjana , Radišić Vanja , Perić Stojan , Kačar Aleksandra , Jovanović Dejana , Berisavac Ivana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in pregnancy may be a serious disease associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Herein, we present the long‐term maternal and fetal outcomes of five pregnant GBS patients from our center. The mean age of pregnant GBS patients was 29.8 ± 3.1. Two patients had a severe disability at admission. Three patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, while the remaining two were treated with symptomatic therapy. One year after disease onset, one patient had a mild disability, while the remaining four had normal neurological findings. All babies born were healthy and developed normally. GBS in pregnancy may affect both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the outcome. Most patients and their babies have a favorable long‐term outcome.
Frequency effects in reading are powerful – But is contextual diversity the more important variable?
Authors: Caldwell‐Harris Catherine L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor decades word frequency has been one of the most important variables in psycholinguistics. Frequent words are more easily recognized and processed more efficiently than rare words. In the fields of word recognition and psycholinguistics, all researchers are reminded to statistically control for word frequency. But is that advice still correct? Are other variables which are correlated with word frequency more important for human language processing? These questions have arisen because of the recent construction of text corpora of billions of words. Also important is the growing practice of archiving word recognition data in databases accessible for anyone to mine. A key result is that words that typically appear in restricted contexts are processed less efficiently than words appearing in diverse contexts. But the new variable of contextual diversity hasn't simply replaced word frequency. This paper traces the history of contextual diversity findings, including the twists and turns towards a more sophisticated understanding of what makes words easy to learn and process. Myriad findings of the last 20 years are discussed: the rational theory of memory, spacing effects in learning, phrase frequency effects, the neural basis of repetition suppression, and why reverse frequency effects are observed in semantic aphasia. Methods reviewed include artificial language learning, event‐related potentials, and eye movement studies. The result is a new appreciation that word processing skills emerge from complex brain networks which include information about words' typical contexts of occurrence.
Kinase‐dead mutation: A novel strategy for improving soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines
Authors: Piya Sarbottam , Hawk Tracy , Patel Bhoomi , Baldwin Logan , Rice John H. , Stewart C. Neal , Hewezi Tarek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtein kinases phosphorylate proteins for functional changes and are involved in nearly all cellular processes, thereby regulating almost all aspects of plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We generated two independent co‐expression networks of soybean genes using control and stress response gene expression data and identified 392 differentially highly interconnected kinase hub genes among the two networks. Of these 392 kinases, 90 genes were identified as “syncytium highly connected hubs”, potentially essential for activating kinase signalling pathways in the nematode feeding site. Overexpression of wild‐type coding sequences of five syncytium highly connected kinase hub genes using transgenic soybean hairy roots enhanced plant susceptibility to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) Hg Type 0 (race 3). In contrast, overexpression of kinase‐dead variants of these five syncytium kinase hub genes significantly enhanced soybean resistance to SCN. Additionally, three of the five tested kinase hub genes enhanced soybean resistance to SCN Hg Type 1.2.5.7 (race 2), highlighting the potential of the kinase‐dead approach to generate effective and durable resistance against a wide range of SCN Hg types. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that kinase‐dead mutations do not alter protein cellular localization, confirming the structure–function of the kinase‐inactive variants in producing loss‐of‐function phenotypes causing significant decrease in nematode susceptibility. Because many protein kinases are highly conserved and are involved in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, our approach of identifying kinase hub genes and their inactivation using kinase‐dead mutation could be translated for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
Idiopathic brachial plexopathy after pacemaker implant
Authors: Kumar Devesh , Singal Aayush K , Bansal Raghav , Das Animesh , Rangarajan Krithika , Kumar Atin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA middle‐aged woman presented with symptomatic complete heart block and underwent an uneventful dual chamber pacemaker implantation. Three weeks post procedure, she developed left arm pain and weakness, with neurological localization to the lower trunk of left brachial plexus. Possibilities of traumatic compression by the device/leads or postoperative idiopathic brachial plexopathy were considered. After ruling out traumatic causes, she was started on oral steroids, to which she responded remarkably. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this rare cause of brachial plexopathy following pacemaker implantation, because not only does an expedited diagnosis and medical treatment lead to prompt recovery with minimal neurological deficits, but it also circumvents an unnecessary surgical re‐exploration.