bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Adherence Level of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Drugs use in Patients in the Primary Health Centers in Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia, using MMAS Instrument
Authors: Arfania Maya , Frianto Dedy , Astuti Diany , Anggraeny Ebta Narasukma , Kurniawati Triani , Alivian Robby , Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf 
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aims to determine the level of drug adherence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the Cilamaya Kulon Primary Health Center area, Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia.
Study Design: The measurement of adherence level was carried out using the MMAS (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) instrument.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Cilamaya Kulon Primary Health Center area, specifically in Bayur Lor and Pasirukem Primary Health Centers, Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia, from July to September 2021.
Methodology: A cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling data collection method was used. Furthermore, the subjects were pulmonary TB patients from the Bayur Lor and Pasirukem Primary Health Centers, Karawang Regency. The instrument used was the MMAS questionnaire sheet, and data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22.0) and continued with statistical tests using the chi-square test.
Results: The results showed there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between age, gender, educational status, employment status, income level, smoking status, duration of treatment, drugs side effects, medication supervision, and patient motivation for drugs adherence in the Cilamaya Kulon Primary Health Center area. Furthermore, the level of medication adherence of pulmonary TB patients at this Primary Health Center area was high with a value of 84.13%.
Conclusion: Adherence to medication in pulmonary TB patients was not influenced by age, gender, educational status, employment status, income level, smoking status, duration of treatment, drug side effects, medication supervision, and patient motivation. Therefore, the adherence level is included in the high category.
Morphometric Study of Cadaveric Spleen in Vidarbha Region
Authors: Chimurkar Vilas K. , Anjankar Vaibhav , Ghewade Prajakta , Anjankar Anil J. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Spleen is one of the largest lymphoid organs that are involved in haemopoitic function also during fetal life. Its anatomy is useful not only for Anatomist but also for Surgeons, Radiologists and Physicians. A lot of variations are observed in the spleen from its shape to size which is important to diagnose or treat the number of diseases.
Methodology: This study was carried out on 60 spleens in the dissection hall of our medical college which were removed during routine undergraduate dissection. The parameters studies were shape of the spleen, number of notches (single or multiple), location of notches (Superior or inferior border), weight, breadth, width or length.
Results: The 90% spleens has single notch. The weight of the spleens ranges from 89 gm to 220 gm with an average 142.6 gm. Range of breadth observed 3.5cm to7.4cm with an average 5.8cm, Range of width observed 2.8cm to 5.7cm with an average 4.1cm. Range of length observed 8.1cm to13.2cm with an average 11.7cm.
Conclusion: Morphological variation is very common in spleen and varies according to the genetic, geographic, nutrition and work habits of individual and varies regions to regions of India. Morphological analysis is under reported and need to be carry out at different regions and places for obtaining more accurate data.
Notice of the discovery of some ancient Arms and Armour, near Glenfruin, on the Estate of Sir James Colquhoun of Luss, Baronet
Authors: Stewart Hope J 
Published: December 2021

Hope Stewart describes some of the weapons and armour found near Dumfin hill. The three finds were all made at different times but within an mile and a half of one another. After a brief description of the surrounding area and some of the local legends associated with it, Stewart gives a detailed description of the items and the circumstances under which they were found.

The first find is a peaked helmet that the author argues may have been from someone that took part in the Battle of Glenfruin (1602) that took place further up the river Fruin. The second find consisted of a trooper's helmet, possibly from the same battle and an earlier bronze spearhead, which is similar to other spearheads that are already in the Society's collection. The final items found in this area were an iron sword that had been bent in half, another large spearhead and a cup-like vessel. The author proposes that these items may have been part of a burial hoard but does not specify that a grave was found near Dumfin.
Notes and Drawings of some ancient monuments of Asia, compared with those of Europe
Authors: Wise T A 
Published: December 2021

Mr Wise argues that the similar design of stone monuments in Western Europe and India suggests that the two cultures share a common origin. He states that if this link can be established, then details of ancient European culture might be inferred from contemporary Hindu practice. He examines similar stone structures found in Scotland and India and their uses in Indian culture. He ends by emphasising the importance of accurate plans and drawings of these monuments to aid comparison.

What follows is an announcement that the restoration of the Chapel of St Margaret had finished, including a painted glass window with the dates of its founding and restoration (1093 and 1853 respectively). Society members met in the chapel on 21 March 1853. At a meeting on 11 April 1853 one fellow was elected.
Anniversary Address
Authors: - - 
Published: December 2021

After a report on the illustrations and printing of part I of the Proceedings was presented by the Council, the Society's Senior Vice-President Lord Murray delivered the anniversary address. He congratulated the Society on the printing of the Proceedings, noting that it would be a valuable resource for archaeological research, particularly for researchers not based in Edinburgh. He asserts his belief that the society will prove beneficial to Scottish archaeology through its preservation of historical artefacts and documents, but also by inspiring others to do the same. He then remembers the Fellows who passed away in this year. He concludes by emphasising the benefits of the Museum's new location for art students studying historical design.

There follows the meeting minutes for the meeting held December 13, 1852, including the election of Alexander Henry Rhind.
Letter from the Glasgow Branch of the Architectural Institute
Authors: Wilson Charles H , Guild J W 
Published: December 2021

A letter from the Secretaries of the Architectural Institute in Glasgow to Alexander Christie (Secretary of the Society). The letter proposes that the Architectural Institute and the Society collaborate to create moulds of the architectural features of some nationally important buildings to be displayed at an Architectural Exhibition taking place in 1855. The response to this communication was broadly positive and Fellows requested more details of the proposal.

Meeting notes for 15 January, 1855 are appended.
Scripted spot removal in PBS proton therapy planning
Authors: Hedrick Samantha G. , Walker Bryant , Morris Bart , Petro Scott , Blakey Marc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known in proton therapy that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is not constant across the entire Bragg peak, with higher RBE at the distal end of the Bragg peak due to higher linear energy transfer (LET). Treatment planning systems are moving toward LET optimization to mitigate this potentially higher biological impact at a track end. However, using a simple script, proton users can begin to simulate this process by deleting spots from critical structures during optimization. In most cases, nominal target coverage and plan robustness remain satisfactory.MethodsIn our clinic, we developed a script that allows the user to delete spots in all organs at risk (OARs) of interest for one or more treatment beams. The purpose of this script is to potentially reduce side effects by eliminating Bragg peaks within OARs. The script was first used for prostate patients where spots in the rectum and sigmoid, outside of the overlap with the target, were deleted. We then began to use the script for head and neck (H&N) and breast/chestwall patients to reduce acute side effects of the skin by removing spots in a 0.5‐cm skin rind.ConclusionsBy utilizing a simple script for deleting spots in critical structures, we have seen excellent clinical results thus far. We have noted reduced skin reactions for nearly all H&N and breast patients.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes Among Recipients of Anti‐CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies for Immune‐Mediated Diseases: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Patel Naomi J. , D'Silva Kristin M. , Hsu Tiffany Y‐T. , DiIorio Michael , Fu Xiaoqing , Cook Claire , Prisco Lauren , Martin Lily , Vanni Kathleen M. M. , Zaccardelli Alessandra , Zhang Yuqing , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Wallace Zachary S. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivePatients with immune‐mediated diseases treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies may have worse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes due to impaired humoral immunity, but differences compared with the general population are unknown.MethodsWe identified patients with immune‐mediated diseases who received anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies within 1 year prior to the index date of polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID‐19 between January 31, 2020, and January 31, 2021. General population comparators with COVID‐19 were matched up 5:1 by age, sex, and polymerase chain reaction date. Unadjusted and multivariable adjusted (for age, race, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death in recipients of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies versus comparators were estimated by using Cox regression.ResultsWe identified 114 cases patients COVID‐19 who had received anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies for immune‐mediated diseases (mean age 55 years, 70% female) and 559 matched comparators with COVID‐19 (mean age 54 years, 70% female). Patients treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies had higher mortality (adjusted HR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.03‐4.54) than matched comparators. Risks of hospitalization (adjusted HR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.62‐1.26) and mechanical ventilation use (adjusted HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.36‐1.87) were similar. Similar trends were seen in analyses according to type of indication (eg, rheumatic or neurologic disease) and duration of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody use (<1 or ≥1 year) and after patients with interstitial lung disease, those with cancer, and those on glucocorticoids prior to COVID‐19 diagnosis were excluded.ConclusionPatients who received anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies for immune‐mediated diseases prior to COVID‐19 had higher mortality following COVID‐19 than matched comparators, highlighting the urgent need to mitigate excess risks in recipients of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies during the ongoing pandemic.
Cryo‐Electron Tomography of Highly Deformable and Adherent Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Exoskeleton in Li‐Metal Batteries with Ether‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Han Bing , Li Xiangyan , Wang Qi , Zou Yucheng , Xu Guiyin , Cheng Yifeng , Zhang Zhen , Zhao Yusheng , Deng Yonghong , Li Ju , Gu Meng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 3D nanocomposite structure of plated lithium (LiMetal) and solid electrolyte interphases (SEI), including a polymer‐rich surficial passivation layer (SEI exoskeleton) and inorganic SEI “fossils” buried inside amorphous Li matrix, is resolved using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. With ether‐based DOLDME‐LiTFSI electrolyte, LiF and Li2O nanocrystals are formed and embedded in a thin but tough amorphous polymer in the SEI exoskeleton. The fast Li‐stripping directions are along or , which produces eight exposed {111} planes at halfway charging. Full Li stripping produces completely sagging, empty SEI husks that can sustain large bending and buckling, with the smallest bending radius of curvature observed approaching tens of nanometers without apparent damage. In the 2nd round of Li plating, a thin LiBCC sheet first nucleates at the current collector, extends to the top end of the deflated SEI husk, and then expands its thickness. The apparent zero wetting angle between LiBCC and the SEI interior means that the heterogeneous nucleation energy barrier is zero. Due to its complete‐wetting property and chemo‐mechanical stability, the SEI largely prevents further reactions between the Li metal and the electrolyte, which explains the superior performance of Li‐metal batteries with ether‐based electrolytes. However, uneven refilling of the SEI husks results in dendrite protrusions and some new SEI formation during the 2nd plating. A strategy to form bigger SEI capsules during the initial cycle with higher energy density than the following cycles enables further enhanced Coulombic efficiency to above 99%.
Improvement of Laser Shock Peening Depth Through Regulation of Surface Optical Absorption
Authors: He Guangzhi , Yan Jianfeng , Zhu Dezhi , Xie Jiawang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLaser shock peening is conducted to enhance the mechanical properties of metals. Efficient optical absorption of metal surface is desirable to increase the laser shock peening depth. In this work, a method is proposed to regulate the absorption behavior by surface colorizing to increase the affected depth and magnitude of nanosecond laser shock peening (NLSP). Colorized samples are fabricated with high absorption of 400–1500 nm, which is 89% higher than that of un‐colorized samples. This regulated optical response is attributed to the multi‐reflection/absorption behavior within nano‐to‐micro‐scale structures. Nano‐to‐micro‐scale structure‐based approaches offer controllable concurrent tailoring of a higher residual stress depth and greater magnitude. Black samples exhibit higher affected depth (64.71%) and magnitude (17.87%) values for the compressive residual stress than un‐colorized samples with unit peak power density after NLSP. Experimental results show that coarse grains are refined on surfaces, and the depths of grain refinement and dislocation propagation increase for colorized samples, which exhibit a regulated surface optical behavior. Therefore, this study presents a promising approach that the regulation of surface optical absorption of metals can be incorporated into the improvement of laser shock peening depth.
Photovoltaic‐Ferroelectric Materials for the Realization of All‐Optical Devices
Authors: Makhort Anatolii , Gumeniuk Roman , Dayen Jean‐François , Dunne Peter , Burkhardt Ulrich , Viret Michel , Doudin Bernard , Kundys Bohdan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing how the electrical transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, the realization of an optical transistor in which the flow of light is controlled optically should open the long‐sought era of optical computing and new data processing possibilities. However, such function requires photons to influence each other, an effect which is unnatural in free space. Here it is shown that a ferroelectric and photovoltaic crystal gated optically at the onset of its bandgap energy can act as an optical transistor. The light‐induced charge generation and distribution processes alter the internal electric field and therefore impact the optical transmission with a memory effect and pronounced nonlinearity. The latter results in an optical computing possibility, which does not need to operate coherently. These findings advance efficient room temperature optical transistors, memristors, modulators and all‐optical logic circuits.
Materials Engineering toward Durable Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhu Jianbing , Zheng Yun , Xiao Meiling , Gao Rui , Zhang Zhen , Wen Guobin , Dou Haozhen , Deng Ya‐Ping , Yu Aiping , Wang Zhenbo , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have penetrated many commercial markets, especially in the automotive market as Toyota has launched the first commercially mass‐produced fuel cell vehicle, the Mirai in 2014. Electrocatalysts play an irreplaceable role in determining the PEMFCs, performance and account for half of the total cost. Despite substantial progress in exploiting highly active platinum group metal (PGM) and PGM‐free electrocatalysts, current electrocatalysts are faced with significant durability challenges, i.e., high‐performance electrocatalysts usually suffer from rapid degradation during PEMFC operation. The lifetime of the reported electrocatalysts is far from the requirement of performing steadily over the 8000 h of operation in commercialized PEMFCs. To this end, addressing the durability issues of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is imperative for their practical employment in PEMFCs. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art advances in understanding the durability issues of PGM and PGM‐free catalysts for ORR under fuel cell conditions and the materials engineering strategies to tackle these issues are summarized. The insights into the durability issues, involving the degradation mechanisms and the impact of operation conditions are reviewed. Establishing strategies to mitigate catalyst degradation through rational design of stable PGM and PGM‐free catalysts is highlighted.
Skeletal Muscle Changes Assessed by Preoperative Computed Tomography Images Can Predict the Long‐Term Prognosis of Stage III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yokoi Keigo , Tanaka Toshimichi , Kojo Ken , Miura Hirohisa , Yamanashi Takahiro , Sato Takeo , Yamashita Keishi , Kumamoto Yusuke , Hiki Naoki , Naitoh Takeshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyopenia and myosteatosis are reported to be long‐term prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the established parameters are unsuitable for the Japanese population because their body composition is different from that of the Western population.ObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate the effect of skeletal muscle changes among Japanese adults, measured using preoperative computed tomography (CT) as a prognostic factor in patients with stage III CRC.PatientsWe retrospectively analyzed 341 patients diagnosed with stage III CRC. The cross‐sectional area (skeletal muscle index: SMI) and mean radiodensity of skeletal muscle (skeletal muscle radiodensity: SMR) were measured using preoperative CT. The optimal sex‐specific cutoff value, which was used to divide the patients according to the risk of recurrence, was set for SMI and SMR. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the prognostic factors for recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsThe cutoff values of SMI for men and women were set as 48.5 and 41.4, respectively, and those of SMR were 35.0 and 21.7, respectively. Univariate analysis identified low SMI and SMR in men and low SMR in women as the worst prognostic factors for RFS. Multivariate analysis identified low SMI in men and low SMR in women as independent poor prognostic factors for RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–3.47, P = .03 and HR = 2.49, CI, 1.21–4.95, P = .01).ConclusionLow SMI in men and low SMR in women were the independent prognostic factors for patients with stage III CRC.
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) in an 8‐year‐old girl caused by a homozygous pathogenic splicing variant in GAN gene
Authors: Guo Yufan , Su Qunyan , Zhu Xueying , Wang Jianda , Lou Yuting , Miao Pu , Wang Ye , Zhang Bijun , Jin Yuting , Gao Liuyan , Xu Xiaoxiao , Chen Wangyang , Sheng Min , Feng Jianhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive disease that involves the peripheral and central nervous systems. This neurodegenerative disease is caused by variants in the GAN gene encoding gigaxonin, and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Herein, we performed whole‐exome sequencing on a 8‐year‐old child with dense, curly hair, weakness in both lower limbs, and abnormal MRI. The child was born to consanguineous parents. Our results revealed that the child carried the c.1373+1G>A homozygous pathogenic variant of the GAN gene, while both parents were heterozygous carriers. According to the validation at the cDNA levels, the splicing variant led to the skipping of exon 8 and affected the Kelch domain's formation. Unlike the previously reported cases of GAN, the child's clinical manifestations revealed peripheral nervous system involvement, no vertebral signs, cerebellar signs, and spasticity, but only MRI abnormalities. These results suggested that the patient's central nervous system was mildly involved, which may be related to the genotype. In order to further clarify the correlation between GAN genotype and phenotype, combined with this patient, 54 cases of reported homozygous variants of the GAN gene were merged for the analysis of genotype and phenotype. The results revealed a certain correlation between the GAN gene variant domain and the patient's clinical phenotype, such as central nervous system involvement and age of onset.
Transcatheter treatment of complex pulmonic and aortic valvular disease following failed Ross procedure
Authors: Aziz Mohammad , Sidhu Rajbir , Stinis Curtiss T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man with congenital bicuspid aortic valve disease and complex surgical history (that includes a Ross procedure complicated by cardiac arrest requiring emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery, multiple subsequent sternotomies to treat a failed pulmonic homograft and pseudoaneurysm repair of the left and right ventricular outflow tracts (LVOT/RVOT), bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement, and aortic valve endocarditis) presented with worsening heart failure symptoms secondary to bioprosthetic aortic valve failure and recurrent pulmonic valve stenosis successfully treated with transcatheter intervention.
AgPd Nanoparticles Anchored on TiO2 Derived from a Titanium Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Sun Xue , Li Fang , Wang Zhimiao , An Hualiang , Xue Wei , Wang Yanji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTiO2 with a disc‐like morphology was prepared by direct pyrolysis of a titanium metal–organic framework [MIL‐125(Ti)] in air. Highly dispersed bimetallic AgPd nanoparticles were then anchored on TiO2 and their catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation of formic acid was systematically investigated. The Ag/Pd ratio had a significant effect on the catalyst activity, with Ag2Pd8/TiO2 exhibiting the highest total turnover frequency value of 2579 h−1 at 60 °C under an ambient atmosphere. This excellent performance was attributed to the low‐crystallinity anatase phase structure and large specific surface area of the TiO2 carrier, the alloying effect of the AgPd nanoparticles, and abundant electron transfer between the carrier and metal alloy nanoparticles.
Highly Efficient and Low‐Cost Clay‐Based Adsorbent for Glyphosate Removal from Contaminated Water
Authors: Nargis Farzana , Duong Ann , Rehl Erwin , Bradshaw Charles , Kazemian Hossein 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlyphosate removal from contaminated water by natural clay, natural zeolite, commercial kaolin, bentonite, and sepiolite was compared. Natural clay showed high removal efficiency next to purified kaolin. The adsorption data for natural clay better fitted the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorbent dose was found to be the most important process parameter while the pH did not exhibit any significant effect. An optimization study allowed achieving the highest removal efficiency and sorption capacity. The correlation coefficient R2 of the regression model indicated that the observed results fitted well with the model prediction.