bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic model of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak to analyze the effectiveness of control measures
Authors: Yang Shuhang , Liu Yu , Chen Ke , Li Tong , Huang Yi , Chen Xiaolei , Qi Pengfang , Xu Yazhi , Yu Feifei , Yang Yuling , Chen Youhua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) as a global pandemic in March. Scholars predict that the pandemic will continue into the coming winter and will become a seasonal epidemic in the following year. Therefore, the identification of effective control measures becomes extremely important. Although many reports have been published since the COVID-19 outbreak, no studies have identified the relative effectiveness of a combination of control measures implemented in Wuhan and other areas in China. To this end, a retrospective analysis by the collection and modeling of an unprecedented number of epidemiology records in China of the early stage of the outbreaks can be valuable.
In this study, we developed a new dynamic model to describe the spread of COVID-19 and to quantify the effectiveness of control measures. The transmission rate, daily close contacts, and the average time from onset to isolation were identified as crucial factors in viral spreading. Moreover, the capacity of a local health-care system is identified as a threshold to control an outbreak in its early stage. We took these factors as controlling parameters in our model. The parameters are estimated based on epidemiological reports from national and local Center for Disease Control (CDCs).
A retrospective simulation showed the effectiveness of combinations of 4 major control measures implemented in Wuhan: hospital isolation, social distancing, self-protection by wearing masks, and extensive medical testing. Further analysis indicated critical intervention conditions and times required to control an outbreak in the early stage. Our simulations showed that South Korea has kept the spread of COVID-19 at a low level through extensive medical testing. Furthermore, a predictive simulation for Italy indicated that Italy would contain the outbreak in late May under strict social distancing.
In our general analysis, no single measure could contain a COVID-19 outbreak once a health-care system is overloaded. Extensive medical testing could keep viral spreading at a low level. Wearing masks functions as favorably as social distancing but with much lower socioeconomic costs.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture on childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lin Yong , Jin Hongjiao , Huang Bo , Zhao Ning , Li Zhu , Mao Jiao , Chen Changda , Xu Jie , Zhang Jun , Shuai Biqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods and analysis:
We will electronically search PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Science Journal Database, and Wan-fang Database from their inception. Also, we will manually retrieve other resources, including reference lists of identified publications, conference articles, and grey literature. The clinical randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture treating pediatric ADHD will be included in the study. The language is limited to Chinese and English. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessment will be independently completed by 2 researchers. Data were synthesized by using a fixed effect model or random effect model depend on the heterogeneity test. The scores of Revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R), Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) will be the primary outcomes. Besides, the scores of the Conners Continuous Performance Test, Internal Restlessness Scale, and Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), and the possible adverse events will also be assessed as secondary outcomes. RevMan V.5.3 statistical software will be used for meta-analysis, and the level of evidence will be assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Continuous data will be expressed in the form of weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while dichotomous data will be expressed in the form of relative risk with 95% CIs.

Ethics and dissemination:
The protocol of this systematic review (SR) does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. We will publish this article in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.

Systematic review registration:
OSF Registries, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/XVYP9 (https://osf.io/xvyp9)
Efficacy and safety of blood purification in the treatment of deep burns
Authors: Zhang Gaofei , Liu Wenjun , Li Jiamei , Wang Di , Duan Jianxing , Luo Hanxiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies examining the efficacy and safety of blood purification in the treatment of patients with deep burns.

Methods:
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases and relevant references were systematically searched for RCTs and cohort studies published until the end of September 2020 to investigate the potential of blood purification in improving the prognosis of severely burned patients. The primary outcome of this systematic review was overall patient mortality; secondary outcomes included the incidence of sepsis and infection prevention (vital signs and routine blood tests).

Results:
A total of 6 RCTs and 1 cohort study were included, with a total of 538 burn patients (274 patients who received blood purification and 264 control patients). Compared with patients who received conventional treatment, those treated with blood purification displayed significant 2-day reduction in mortality and sepsis with relative risks of 0.62 and 0.41, respectively (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.74–0.82 and 0.25–0.67, respectively; P < .05). In terms of vital signs and blood biochemistry, the respiratory rates and blood urea nitrogen levels of patients in the blood purification group 3 days post-treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (randomized standard deviations (SMDs), 0.78 and 0.77, respectively; 95% CIs, 0.33–1.23 and 1.22–0.31, respectively; P < .05). However, there were no significant differences between groups on day 3 with regard to temperature (P = .32), heart rate (P = .26), white blood cell count (P = .54), or neutrophil count (P = .74), potentially owing to the small sample size or the relatively short intervention time. Heterogeneous differences existed between the groups with respect to blood urea nitrogen (SMD = -1.22; 95% CI, -2.16 to -0.40; P < .00001) and Cr (SMD = -3.13; 95% CI, -4.92 to -1.33; P < .00001) on day 7. No systematic adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:
Blood purification treatment for deep burn patients can significantly reduce the mortality rate and the incidence of complications.
Evaluation of the association between extravascular lung water and prognosis of sepsis
Authors: Luo Peng , Song Cai-xia , Ai Ye-qing , Chen Zhe , Yan Sheng-nan , Liu Xia , Chen Ying , Sun Jia-bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
The purpose of this study is to explore the association between extravascular lung water (EVLW) and prognosis of sepsis (PS).

Methods:
We will carry out comprehensive literature search in electronic databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WorldSciNet, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, CBM, and CNKI) and additional sources. All electronic databases will be searched from their initial to the present without language restrictions. Case-controlled studies reporting the association between EVLW and PS will be evaluated for inclusion. Outcomes of interest will include mortality rate, extravascular lung water index, pulmonary vascular permeability index, blood lactate clearance, oxygenation index, blood gas analysis, PaO2/FiO2, cardiac output index, global end diastolic volume index, intrathoracic blood volume index, systemic resistance index, acute physiology and chronic health scoring system II, and infection-related organ failure scoring system. Study quality will be evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Tool, and statistical analysis will be performed utilizing RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:
This study will summarize the most recent evidence to investigate the association between EVLW and PS.

Conclusions:
The results of this study will provide an exhaustive view of the association between EVLW and PS.

Study registration OSF:
osf.io/vhnxw.
The relationship of irisin with metabolic syndrome components and insulin secretion and resistance in schoolchildren
Authors: Wu Chung-Ze , Chu Nain-Feng , Chang Li-Chien , Cheng Chao-Wen , Lin Yuh-Feng , Pei Dee , Fang Te-Chao , Chen Jin-Shuen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Irisin, a novel myokine, is believed to be the crucial factor in converting white adipose tissue to beige adipose tissue. For this paper, we studied the relationship among irisin and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and insulin secretion and resistance in schoolchildren of Taiwan.
Subjects receiving routine annual health examination at elementary school were enrolled. Demographic data, anthropometry, MetS components, irisin, and insulin secretion and resistance were collected. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight, and obese groups for evaluation of irisin in obesity. Finally, the relationship between irisin and MetS was analyzed.
There were 376 children (179 boys and 197 girls), aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, were enrolled. In boys, irisin levels were not associated with body mass index percentile, body fat, blood pressure, lipid profiles, insulin secretion or resistance. After adjusting for age, the irisin level in boys was negatively related to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = –0.21, P = .006). In girls, after adjusting for age, the irisin levels were positively related only to FPG (r = 1.49, P = .038). In both genders, irisin levels were similar among normal, overweight, and obese groups, and between subjects with and without MetS.
The irisin levels were not associated with MetS in either boys or girls. In girls, circulating irisin levels have a nonsignificant declining trend in overweight and obese girls. However, irisin levels were negatively related to FPG in boys and positively related to FPG in girls. The contrary relationship between irisin and FPG in boys and girls needs further exploration.
Comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of morning and bedtime dosing on reducing morning blood pressure surge
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jin Mei-Ying , Song Xu-Yu , Wang Zhao , Jiang Yue-Hua , Yang Chuan-Hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
It is well known that morning blood pressure surge increases the risk of myocardial events in the first several hours post-awakening. This meta-analysis was performed to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of morning and bedtime dosing on decreasing morning blood pressure surge.

Methods:
Articles in 4 databases about clinical trials of ingestion time of antihypertensive drugs were searched and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the different effects on morning blood pressure and absolute blood pressure (BP) reduction from baseline of between bedtime administration (experimental group) and morning awaking administration (control group).

Results:
The aim of this study is to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of morning and bedtime dosing on decreasing morning blood pressure surge.

Conclusions:
The bedtime will provide evidence support for clinicians and patients for reducing morning blood pressure surge.

Ethics and dissemination:
This study does not require ethical approval.
Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging/magnetic resonance imaging for peritoneal metastasis from malignant tumor
Authors: Dong Li , Li Kuo , Peng Taisong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Previous meta-analyses examined either multiple tools for the diagnosis of peritoneal metastases (PMs), but not diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), or included only 1 tumor type. This study aimed to determine the summary diagnostic value of DWI/magnetic resonance imaging in determining PMs originating from various tumors.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched for available papers up to 2019/12. Pooled estimates for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy were calculated using random-effects models.

Results:
Ten studies were included and could be used to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity. The pooled sensitivity of DWI for PMs was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83%–93%). The pooled specificity was 86% (95% CI: 79%–91%). When considering only the retrospective studies, the pooled sensitivity of DWI for PMs was 85% (95% CI: 81%–89%). The pooled specificity was 84% (95% CI: 72%–92%). When considering only the studies about gastrointestinal tumors, the pooled sensitivity of DWI for PMs was 97% (95% CI: 68%–100%). The pooled specificity was 86% (95% CI: 69%–95%). No publication bias was observed (P = dd.27).

Conclusion:
DWI magnetic resonance imaging is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of PMs from various abdominal cancers.
Focusing on quality of life in the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia from the perspective of family functioning
Authors: Meng Na , Chen Juan , Cao Bingrong , Wang Feng , Xie Xing , Li Xiaolin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to explore the association between family functioning and quality of life (QOL) in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
Totally 121 family caregivers were surveyed in the cross-sectional study by the self-administration questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning and QOL. Family functioning was evaluated in terms of the family assessment device and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II China Version. QOL was evaluated in terms of TSDHE short-form 12-item health survey, version 2. Multiple regression models were built to explore the association between QOL and family functioning.
A regression analysis showed that poorer physical health of family caregivers was significantly associated with the lower educational level of caregivers, the closer kinship with patients and the multiple episodes schizophrenia. The other regression analysis showed that better family adaptability and affective responsiveness were significantly associated with the better mental health of family caregivers.
Family functioning is associated with mental health rather than the physical health of family caregivers. Psychoeducational intervention could focus on family caregivers with a lower educational level and closer kinship, and those who look after patients with multiple episodes schizophrenia. Further family intervention could focus on family adaptability and affective expression in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
Acute complicated diverticulitis is associated with an increased advanced neoplasia diagnosis rate
Authors: Abu Baker Fadi , Ganayem Mohanad , Mari Amir , Taher Randa , Suki Mohamad , Kopelman Yael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent reports have documented an unchanged rate of occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have publicised doubts regarding the benefit of prompt colonoscopy procedures after an episode of acute diverticulitis (AD). These reports mandate further evaluation of colonoscopy yield and timing in this regard. The current study aims to determine whether the rate of advanced colonic neoplasia after AD differs from that of average-risk patients, and to identify risk factors that are associated with their development.
In this retrospective study, we included all patients who had been hospitalized to the surgery ward in the years 2008 to 2016 with radiographically confirmed AD, and had completed colonoscopies within one year of index hospitalization. Patients who were referred for screening colonoscopies during the same years were included as a control group. We compared the rates of diagnosis of CRC and advanced polyps for both groups before and after adjustment for multiple confounders. Moreover, we investigated risk factors that were associated with increased rate of advanced neoplasia diagnosis.
A total of 350 patients were included in the AD group and 1502 patients in the screening colonoscopy control group. The CRC diagnosis rates (1.7% vs 0.3%; P = .09) and overall diagnosis rates of advanced neoplasia (12.3% vs 9.6%; P = .19) were not significantly different when findings were compared between the AD and control groups, respectively. Cases of complicated diverticulitis, however, were associated with increased risk of advanced neoplasia diagnosis (odds ratio (OR) 3.729, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.803–7.713; P = .01).
The diagnosis rate for advanced neoplasia after AD was not significantly different from that of average-risk populations. A course of complicated AD, however, was a potential risk factor.
Serum level of high mobility group box protein-1 and prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Chen Linyan , Chen Gaoping , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To investigate serum level of high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) and prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).
This prospective cohort observational study included a total of 253 ESRD patients who came to our hospital for HD or PD from February 2013 to February 2015. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the serum level of HMGB1, interleukin (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The kidney disease quality of life short form (KDQOL-SF) and kidney disease targeted area (KDTA) was applied for evaluating the quality of life. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) curve was performed for survival time.
Serum level of HMGB1 in patients on HD was higher than PD. HMGB1 levels were gradually decreased with the treatment of HD or PD. Furthermore, HMGB1 was positively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, patients with higher HMGB1 had more complications than patients with lower HMGB1, but there was no difference for the survival rate. In addition, the quality of life was associated with different dialysis methods.
The serum level of HMGB1 and prognosis of ESRD patients was associated with different dialysis methods.
A case report of pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma diagnosed by transbronchial cryobiopsy after the patient's death
Authors: Zhao Qiquan , Han Xiaoli , Peng Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Due to its nonspecific manifestations, pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma can be easily misdiagnosed as pneumonia, tuberculosis, or other diseases, especially in developing countries where many patients in the early stage refuse invasive examinations. Early recognition of pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma is essential.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of pneumonia lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by frozen lung biopsy after death.

Diagnoses:
A 75-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital on April 24, complaining of 5 months of recurrent coughing, expectoration, and panting, and his symptoms had been worsening over the past month.

Interventions:
After obtaining informed consent from the patient's family, transbronchial cryobiopsy was performed at the bedside.

Outcomes:
After a positive rescue, the patient died. Pathological examination indicated adenocarcinoma.

Lessons:
At present, surgery is still the first choice for the treatment of pneumonic lung cancer, and early diagnosis can remove the tumor as much as possible. Transbronchial cryobiopsy can be used for the collection of pathological samples, especially for the early diagnosis of pneumonic lung cancer.
Cardiac thrombus and stroke in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Wang Yefeng , Xiao Yunbin , Deng Xicheng , Xu Ningan , Chen Zhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Cardiac thrombus and stroke are rare complications in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, which is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Early detection and prevention of thrombus in children with M pneumoniae pneumonia is relatively difficult.

Patient concerns:
A 5-year-old boy with severe M pneumoniae pneumonia was referred to our center. During the treatment with sufficient antibiotics, an echocardiography surprisingly revealed a thrombus in the left atrium, with significant changes in D-dimer level and anti-phospholipid antibodies. At day 12 after admission, the patient showed impaired consciousness, aphasia, and reduced limb muscle power. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed right middle cerebral artery infarction.

Diagnoses:
Cardiac thrombus and stroke associated with M pneumoniae pneumonia.

Interventions:
He was started on aggressive antibiotic therapy and urokinase thrombolytic therapy for 24 hours, continued with low molecular heparin calcium and aspirin along with rehabilitation training.

Outcomes:
On follow up, the D-dimer decreased slowly and echocardiograms showed a steadily decreasing size of thrombus with eventual disappearance at day 22 after admission. His left limb muscle power was improved after rehabilitation for 2 months.

Lessons:
Early diagnosis and treatment with multiple modalities maybe useful for improving prognosis of cardiac thrombus and stroke in M pneumoniae pneumonia. Changes in D-dimer level and anti-phospholipid antibodies should be routinely monitored in severe M pneumoniae pneumonia.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in postoperative ileus after gynecological surgery
Authors: Guo Yi , Kong Xianglu , Cao Qiuyu , Li Yin , Zhang Yuzhuo , Huang Jieming , Li Kunyin , Guan Yongge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Acupuncture is widely used in treatment of postoperative ileus (POI), but the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in POI after gynecological surgery still lack of evidence-based basis.

Methods:
PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of science, Google Scholar, Wangfang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database will be searched until December 31, 2020. Two independent investigators will screen the relevant randomized controlled trials from Data one by one by using prespecified criteria. The relevant data from included studies will be extracted and analyzed by using RevMan V.5.3 software. Quality of the included studies will be estimated by using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool, and publication bias will be assessed by using Egger test and Begg test. In addition, quality of evidence will be evaluated by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Results:
We will analyze the effect of acupuncture on time to first flatus and time to bowel sound recovery as the primary outcomes of this review. Meanwhile, frequency of bowel sounds, time to defecation, time of hospital stay, biochemical indicators related to gastrointestinal motility, inflammation factors, responder rate, and adverse events for patients receiving gynecological surgery.

Conclusion:
Our findings will benefit researchers and provide reference for the treatment and prevention of POI for the patients undergoing gynecological surgery.