bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual and digital tooth shade selection methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision: A literature review
Authors: Tabatabaian Farhad , Beyabanaki Elaheh , Alirezaei Parisa , Epakchi Saied 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite developments of dental shade selection methods, shade selection is still a challenge affecting esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this review was to discuss visual and digital shade taking methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision to find out the most accurate, precise shade selection method available in dentistry.OverviewThe key terms of accuracy, background, ceramic, color, colorimeter, color analysis, color science, color measurement, color measuring instrument, color matching, composite resin, dental/tooth shade guide, digital camera, esthetics, imaging, imaging application/program/ software, intraoral scanner, light source, photography, precision, shade, shade matching/ determination/prediction/reproduction/selection, shade taking device, spectrophotometer, spectrophotometry, tooth color measurement, tooth color/shade, and visual perception were used separately and jointly to detect related English‐language articles published between January 1, 1985, and January 1, 2021. Electronic/non‐electronic searches of Google Scholar/PubMed/Scopus/Web of Science were accomplished. Consequently, 249 articles were considered. Accordingly, the digital methods show higher accuracy and precision compared to the visual methods while requiring to be enhanced regarding accuracy to achieve ideal shade taking results.ConclusionsDental spectrophotometers provide the highest overall accuracy and precision among different shade selection methods while needing clinical setting to control related effective factors/conditions and technological improvement to perform optimally.Clinical SignificanceDifferent factors can affect the accuracy and precision of tooth shade selection methods and devices. The understanding of these effective factors may lead to a standard shade taking protocol using accurate, precise methods and devices.
The U.S. syndicated loan market: Matching data
Authors: Cohen Gregory J. , Dice Jacob , Friedrichs Melanie , Gupta Kamran , Hayes William , Kitschelt Isabel , Lee Seung Jung , Marsh W. Blake , Mislang Nathan , Shaton Maya , Sicilian Martin , Webster Chris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new software package for determining linkages between datasets without common identifiers. We apply this to three datasets commonly used in academic research on syndicated lending: Refinitiv LPC DealScan, S&P Global Market Intelligence Compustat, and National Information Center Structure Data. We benchmark the results of our match using results from the literature and previously matched files that are publicly available. We find that company level matching is enhanced by careful cleaning of the data and considering hierarchical relationships. The R package for one of the company‐level matches can be found on GitHub and CRAN, which can be considered a general toolkit to match different firm‐level datasets with one another.
Food companies' perception of Japanese Food Safety Certification recognized by the Global Food Safety Initiative: Current state of program diffusion and future issues
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Ogawa Mikako 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJFS‐C was acknowledged as a Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)‐recognized certification program in October 2018, and the number of sites certified for Japanese Food Safety Certification (JFS‐C) has been increasing. In this study, 34 out of 50 JFS‐C‐certified sites were surveyed, and responses were obtained. The questionnaire surveys were primarily conducted to investigate the purpose of JFS‐C certification and to compare JFS‐C with other standards. Moreover, individual surveys were conducted with 10 selected sites to glean additional information on JFS‐C's characteristics. Strengths included the JFS‐C‐related guidelines and the standard's structure, which were rated highly by sites. However, despite GFSI's growing popularity, its vision is still not fully understood, and progress is not being made in creating more efficient practices, such as reducing the number of audits. This study provides suggestions for further popularization of the JFS‐C, both in Japan and in other countries.
The effect of the adapted soccer programme on motor learning and psychosocial behaviour in adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Perić D. B. , Milićević‐Marinković B. , Djurović D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have proven the significant positive impact of the regular physical activity on general health conditions and quality of life of people with intellectual disability. In practice, various adapted sports activities are used. The current study deals with the effects of the soccer programme.AimThe purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of adapted soccer on the motor learning and some psychosocial characteristics in adolescents with Down syndrome.MethodsTwenty‐five participants were recruited and randomised into two groups (exercise and control). Adolescents placed in the exercise group carried out a special soccer programme twice a week during 16 weeks, while adolescents placed in the control group continued with their usual daily regime. Specific motor coordination, level of aggression, attention disorders, level of anxiety and depression, and social problems were measured before and after the training period. Mixed ANOVA were used to evaluate the effects of the experimental treatment.ResultsThe exercise group had significant improvements (P < 0.05) in one of three motor variables (only in the easiest task) and in all psychosocial variables. There are no one significant change in the control group. The adapted soccer programme influenced more seriously on psychosocial characteristics than on motor learning of adolescent with DS.ConclusionsThe results suggest that adapted soccer training can decrease aggression, anxiety and depression levels, and improve attention, social behaviour and simple motor skills in adolescents with Down syndrome.
Making a diagnosis of periodic fever syndrome: Experience from a single tertiary centre
Authors: McNaughton Peter , Willcocks Sophie , Lum Su Han , Whitehead Ben , Peake Jane , Preece Kahn 
Published: September 2021

AimThis study aims to evaluate the utility of genetic testing of patients diagnosed with periodic fever syndromes and to assess the validity of existing scoring criteria.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the clinical history of patients diagnosed with periodic fever syndromes at Queensland Children's Hospital between November 2014 and June 2018.ResultsForty‐three patients were diagnosed with periodic fever syndromes. Diagnoses in the cohort included periodic fever, adenitis, pharyngitis and aphthous stomatitis (10), tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated periodic syndrome (9), cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome (6), mevalonate kinase deficiency (4) while 14 remained unspecified. No presenting symptoms were uniquely associated with any particular diagnosis. Genetic testing of between 1 and 26 genes was performed in 26 (60%) patients. Two (7.7%) patients had pathogenic variants identified. Variants of uncertain significance which were insufficient to confirm a monogenic disorder were identified in a further 7 (27%) patients. The Eurofever classification criteria correlated with clinical diagnosis for patients diagnosed with cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome (P = 0.046) and tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated periodic syndrome (P = 0.025) but not for patients diagnosed with mevalonate kinase deficiency (P = 0.47); however, the Eurofever classification criteria were often positive for more than one diagnosis in these patients.ConclusionThe European classification criteria can form a potentially useful tool to guide diagnosis; however, clinical judgement remains essential, because the score is often positive for multiple diagnoses. The diagnostic yield of genetic testing in this cohort was low and genetic testing may be more useful to confirm a strong clinical suspicion than to clarify a diagnosis for patients with less clear symptoms.
TRIPS waiver of COVID‐19 vaccines: Impact on pharmaceutical industry and what it means to developing countries
Authors: Chaudhary Talat , Chaudhary Arshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe WTO was formed in 1995 and since then countries have abide by Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The agreement provides for comprehensive plan for patenting and protection including those of medical supply units including vaccines and diagnosis. Recently developing countries such as India and South Africa have demanded TRIPS waiver for access to vaccines for all the developing countries The TRIPS waiver demanded, would apply to vaccines, diagnosis, and treatment related to COVID‐19. The waiver is important as it would allow member state in researching, manufacturing, and supplying of vaccines. The proposal by the developing countries for temporary waiver of IP rights argues that IP could impede the supply of COVID‐19 drugs and vaccines. However, there is no near consensus as most of the developed countries opposed this stance and they even argue that waiving TRIPS is not going to ramp up the manufacturing process. The pharmaceutical industry is also against this stance of developing countries, they put their argument forward that waiving of the IP will inhibit research and development of future prospects.
Activation of the BABA‐induced priming defence through redox homeostasis and the modules of TGA1 and MAPKK5 in postharvest peach fruit
Authors: Li Chunhong , Wang Kaituo , Huang Yixiao , Lei Changyi , Cao Shifeng , Qiu Linglan , Xu Feng , Jiang Yongbo , Zou Yanyu , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe priming of defence responses in pathogen‐challenged model plants undergoes a preparation phase and an expression phase for defence function. However, the priming response in postharvest fruits has not been elucidated. Here, we found that 50 mM β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment could induce two distinct pathways linked with TGA1‐related systemic acquired resistance (SAR), resulting in the alleviation of Rhizopus rot in postharvest peach fruit. The first priming phase was elicited by BABA alone, leading to the enhanced transcription of redox‐regulated genes and posttranslational modification of PpTGA1. The second phase was activated by an H2O2 burst via up‐regulation of PpRBOH genes and stimulation of the MAPK cascade on pathogen invasion, resulting in a robust defence. In the MAPK cascade, PpMAPKK5 was identified as a shortcut interacting protein of PpTGA1 and increased the DNA binding activity of PpTGA1 for the activation of salicylic acid (SA)‐responsive PR genes. The overexpression of PpMAPKK5 in Arabidopsis caused the constitutive transcription of SA‐dependent PR genes and as a result conferred resistance against the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. Hence, we suggest that the BABA‐induced priming defence in peaches is activated by redox homeostasis with an elicitor‐induced reductive signalling and a pathogen‐stimulated H2O2 burst, which is accompanied by the possible phosphorylation of PpTGA1 by PpMAPKK5 for signal amplification.
Neuronal‐enriched extracellular vesicles in individuals with IBS: A pilot study of COMT and BDNF
Authors: Weaver Kristen R. , Mustapic Maja , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Henderson Wendy A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain, bowel habit alterations, and psychiatric comorbidities. Although pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, prior work demonstrates associations with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT). The purpose of this study was to quantify BDNF and COMT in plasma and in neuronal‐enriched extracellular vesicles (nEVs), assess relationships with psychological symptoms, and gain insight on the brain‐gut connection in IBS.MethodsClinical data and biorepository samples from a parent investigation were used, including scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Distinct subpopulations of nEVs were isolated using neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM; levels of COMT, mature BDNF, and pro‐BDNF were quantified in plasma and in nEVs using ELISA.Key ResultsData from 47 females (28.11 ± 6.85 years) included 18 IBS and 29 healthy control (HC) participants. IBS participants displayed reduced plasma levels of mature BDNF compared with HC (p = 0.024). Levels of COMT plasma and IBS grouping significantly predicted CES‐D scores (p = 0.034). Exploratory analyses by IBS subtype and race revealed African American HC display lower levels of COMT EV than Caucasian HC (p = 0.022).Conclusions & InferencesLower levels of mature BDNF in IBS participants, preliminary patterns detected in cargo content of nEVs, and relevance of COMT and IBS status to CES‐D scores, offer insight on depressive symptomatology and brain‐gut dysregulation in IBS. Lower COMT levels in nEVs of African Americans highlight the relevance of race when conducting such analyses across diverse populations.
Perspective and application of molecular markers linked to the cytoplasm types and male‐fertility restorer locus in onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: Manjunathagowda Dalasanuru Chandregowda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe male sterility trait is an economically essential feature for the exploitation of hybrid vigour in onions; hence, scientists have looked into the molecular component of male sterility in onions. As a result, numerous molecular markers associated with male‐sterile (CMS‐S and CMS‐T) cytoplasms, male‐fertile normal (N) cytoplasm and nuclear‐male‐fertility restorers (Mslocus) were developed. The discovered markers have proven to be helpful in the effective selection and isolation of male‐sterile lines, their maintainer lines and restorer‐of‐fertility lines. These lines are required for breeding F1hybrid to harness heterosis through marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of cytoplasmic genotypes withMsormsloci. Thus, the study came up with a compilation of molecular markers, by revealing their molecular perspective, practical utility and functional effectiveness in the MAS of male‐sterile cytoplasm types with nuclear‐fertility‐restorer locus, to speed up onion breeding, development of F1hybrids and production of pure hybrid seeds.
Airborne lidar planar roof point extraction using least‐squares fitting supervised by a posteriori variance estimation
Authors: Chio Shih‐Hong , Chan Li‐Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe least‐squares fitting method can be used for planar roof point extraction from airborne lidar points; however, it cannot avoid the impact of non‐planar roof points (blunders) due to lack of robustness. Therefore, this study has developed a least‐squares plane fitting based on a posteriori variance estimation, as proposed by Li in 1983, to reduce the weights of non‐planar roof points. Additionally, least absolute deviation (LAD) was integrated into the first step of this improved Li method, to increase blunder detection. For simulated data, the proposed approach increased the blunder detection rate by up to 6% compared to the original Li method. Test results with real data showed that the proposed approach demonstrated robustness, applicability and effectiveness.
Burying, not broadcasting seeds improves the seedling establishment of most woody species under different ecological conditions in a semiarid ecosystem of central Chile
Authors: Becerra Pablo I. , Aqueveque Naijem , Velasco Nicolás 
Published: September 2021

The importance of the sowing method (broadcasting or burying) for seedling establishment, and the extent to which environmental conditions modulate differences between these sowing methods, are understudied. When seeds are buried, they may be exposed to soil conditions with higher moisture content than broadcast. This advantage may occur especially under drier soil conditions within a semiarid climate, such as with less precipitation, open sites, and in presence of herbaceous layer. In this study we conducted an experiment to compare the seedling establishment of 13 woody species between a buried sowing and broadcast, under different conditions of precipitation, shade, and herbaceous layer in a degraded semiarid grassland of central Chile. For each species, some seeds were sown by burying them to a depth of 1 cm and others were broadcast. Orthogonally, we applied two irrigation treatments to simulate a dry and a rainier year, two shade treatments simulating the canopy of woody plants and open sites (with vs. without), and two treatments of herbaceous layer (without vs. with). Establishment was monitored for 10 months between July 2016 and March 2017. Species richness of established seedlings was greater when seeds were buried than broadcast under all environmental conditions. The seedling density per species was greater when seeds were buried than broadcast in nine species, although in some cases this depended on environmental conditions. We conclude that, burying seeds of woody species is more effective and can be a widely applicable restoration method for different environmental conditions and species in semiarid ecosystems.
Relational links for insertion in non‐mass global value chains: Opportunities for middle‐income countries
Authors: González Andrea , Hallak Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper describes two Argentine case studies of firm's integration in global value chains (GVCs) that target non‐mass market segments in developed countries. The cases involve a manufacturer of high‐end footwear and a manufacturer of customized automotive parts. Based on the common findings in these two cases, we build a conceptual framework that emphasizes relational links as an opportunity of GVC insertion for middle‐income countries that cannot buttress their international competitiveness on low wages. We call these modes of insertion manufacturing with co‐design.
Bacterial genotype and clinical outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
Authors: Eichenberger Emily M , Ruffin Felicia , Sharma‐Kuinkel Batu , Dagher Michael , Park Lawrence , Kohler Celia , Sinclair Matthew R , Maskarinec Stacey A , Fowler Vance G 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionOutcomes from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are poorly understood.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study comparing the bacterial genotype and clinical outcomes of SAB among SOT and non‐transplant (non‐SOT) recipients from 2005 to 2019. Each subject's initial S. aureus bloodstream isolate was genotyped using spa typing and assigned to a clonal complex.ResultsA total of 103 SOT and 1783 non‐SOT recipients with SAB were included. Bacterial genotype did not differ significantly between SOT and non‐SOT recipients (p = .4673), including the proportion of SAB caused by USA300 (13.2% vs. 16.0%, p = .2680). Transplant status was not significantly associated with 90‐day mortality (18.4% vs. 29.5%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44, 1.25), but was associated with increased risk for septic shock (50.0% vs. 21.8%; aOR 2.31; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.61) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (21.4% vs. 13.7%; aOR 2.03; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.37), and a significantly lower risk of metastatic complications (33.0% vs. 45.5%; aOR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.76). No association was found between bacterial genotype and 90‐day mortality (p = .6222) or septic shock (p = .5080) in SOT recipients with SAB.ConclusionsSOT recipients with SAB do not experience greater mortality than non‐SOT recipients. The genotype of S. aureus bloodstream isolates in SOT recipients is similar to that of non‐SOT recipients, and does not appear to be an important determinant of outcome in SOT recipients with SAB.
Drop Landing Biomechanics in Individuals With and Without a Concussion History
Authors: Shumski Eric J. , Kasamatsu Tricia M. , Wilson Kathleen S. , Pamukoff Derek N. 
Published: September 2021

Research has identified an increased risk of lower extremity injury postconcussion, which may be due to aberrant biomechanics during dynamic tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare the drop landing biomechanics between individuals with and without a concussion history. Twenty-five individuals with and 25 without a concussion history were matched on age (±3 y), sex, and body mass index (±1 kg/m2). Three-dimensional landing biomechanics were recorded to obtain dependent variables (peak vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, knee flexion angle and external moment, knee abduction angle and external moment, and knee flexion and abduction angle at ground contact). A 1-way multivariate analysis of variance compared outcomes between groups. There was no difference in drop landing biomechanics between individuals with and without a concussion history (F10,39 = 0.460,P = .877, Wilk Λ = .918). There was an effect of time since concussion on knee flexion characteristics. Time since most recent concussion explained a significant amount of variation in both peak (ΔR2 = .177,β = −0.305, ΔP = .046) and initial ground contact (ΔR2 = .292,β = −0.204, ΔP = .008) knee flexion angle after covarying for sex and body mass index. Therefore, time since concussion should be considered when evaluating biomechanical patterns.
Clay templates in Ediacaran vendotaeniaceans: Implications for the taphonomy of carbonaceous fossils
Authors: Becker-Kerber B. , Elmola A. Abd , Zhuravlev A. , Gaucher C. , Simões M.G. , Prado G.M.E.M. , Vintaned J.A. Gámez , Fontaine C. , Lino L.M. , Sanchez D. Ferreira , Galante D. , Paim P.S.G. , Callefo F. , Kerber G. , Meunier A. , El Albani A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough rare, sedimentary deposits containing exceptionally preserved fossils (i.e., Lagerstätten) have shaped our view on the history of life at particular intervals, such as those recording the Cambrian radiation of animals. Therefore, understanding the processes that lead to the fossilization of unmineralized tissues is crucial to better interpret these fossil assemblages. A key issue on the fossilization of exceptionally preserved fossils is linked to the role of clay minerals in the high-fidelity preservation of recalcitrant and soft tissues. Here, we show for the first time, an association of unusual fibrous clays with carbonaceous fossils (Vendotaenia) in the late Ediacaran Tamengo Formation (Mato Grosso do Sul State, western Brazil). The vendotaeniaceans occur in laminated mudstones/siltstones interpreted as being deposited in outer to distal mid-ramp depositionary settings. The fossils are characterized by ribbon-shaped compressions 0.56 mm in mean width. The fibrous clays are obliquely oriented with respect to the bedding plane, and follow the orientation of tectonically deformed structures. Our mineralogical, geochemical, and petrographic data demonstrate that these clays are mainly composed of chlorite-smectite mixed layered minerals, with &gt;50% chlorite. Altogether, our results suggest that these fibrous minerals formed in the late-diagenetic zone to lower anchizone, reinforcing the previous idea that clay minerals associated with fossils are not necessarily related to the preservation of soft tissues. Instead, the initial preservative pathway in our fossils was probably restricted to organic matter conservation in reducing fine-grained sediments, similar to other deposits with carbonaceous fossils. This newly established mechanism, which involves the formation of clays on organic templates in the late-diagenetic zone, is likely a more widespread phenomenon than previously thought.