bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Climatic Effects of Irrigation Over China by Using the WRF‐Noah Model System With Mosaic Approach
Authors: Liu Guoshuai , Wang Weiguang , Shao Quanxi , Wei Jia , Zheng Jiazhong , Liu Bingjun , Chen Zefeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvestigation on the climatic effects of irrigation is of great significance to fully understand the impact of water management on the Earth's environment and hydrological cycle. To comprehensively explore the effects of irrigation across different climatic regions over China, we propose a novel combined irrigation scheme (including dynamic and fixed irrigation schemes) into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)‐Noah‐mosaic model. Two experiments (with and without irrigation) are designed to simulate the impacts of irrigation over China on regional climate. As irrigation increases the latent heat flux but decreases the sensible heat flux and surface temperature, and the magnitudes of corresponding change are highly dependent on the irrigation amounts and irrigation fraction, the evaporative cooling effects significantly reduce the warm bias over extensive irrigation area during crop growing seasons. Meanwhile, irrigation increases soil moisture during both irrigated and non‐irrigated seasons. Compared with the dynamic irrigation scheme, the fixed irrigation scheme results in relatively higher subsurface runoffs due to the continuous infiltration. In addition, the irrigation‐induced changes on precipitation during spring (March–May) are weaker than that during summer (June–August). The opposed effects of irrigation cooling and wetting on generating convective precipitation, and the irrigation‐induced changes in large‐scale circulation jointly give rise to the heterogeneous changes of precipitation. Besides, the subgrid‐scale irrigation scheme can capture the climatic effects of irrigation in some grids where the dominant land use types are not cropland, indicating that in mesoscale simulation, climate model coupled with subgrid‐scale irrigation scheme may improve climate variables trends attribution studies.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Control Soil Methane Uptake in Tropical Montane Forests
Authors: Martinson Guntars O. , Müller Anke K. , Matson Amanda L. , Corre Marife D. , Veldkamp Edzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical forests contribute about one third to global annual CH4 uptake by soils. Understanding the factors that control the soil‐atmosphere exchange of CH4 at a large scale is a critical step to improve the CH4 flux estimate for tropical soils, which is presently poorly constrained. Since tropical forest degradation often involves shifts in nutrient availabilities, it is critical to evaluate how this will affect soil CH4 flux. Here, we report how nitrogen (N; 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1), phosphorus (P; 10 kg P ha−1 yr−1), and combined N + P additions affect soil CH4 fluxes across an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests. We measured soil CH4 fluxes in a nutrient application experiment at different elevations over a period of 5 years. Nutrient additions increased soil CH4 uptake after 4–5 years of treatment but effects were not uniform across elevations. At 1,000 m, where total soil P was high, we detected mainly N limitation of soil CH4 uptake. At 2,000 m, where total soil P was low, a strong P limitation of soil CH4 uptake was observed. At 3,000 m, where total P was low in the organic layer but high in mineral soil, we found N limitation of soil CH4 uptake. Our results show that projected increases of N and P depositions may increase soil CH4 uptake in tropical montane forests but the direction, magnitude, and timing of the effects will depend on forests' nutrient status and plant‐microbial competition for N and P.
Atmospheric Humic‐Like Substances (HULIS) Act as Ice Active Entities
Authors: Chen J. , Wu Z. J. , Zhao X. , Wang Y. J. , Chen J. C. , Qiu Y. T. , Zong T. M. , Chen H. X. , Wang B. B. , Lin P. , Liu W. , Guo S. , Yao M. S. , Zeng L. M. , Wex H. , Liu X. , Hu M. , Li S. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigated the ice nucleation activities of humic‐like substances (HULIS), an important component of organic aerosol (OA), derived from atmospheric and biomass burning aerosols, and produced from aqueous‐phase chemical reactions. Respective HULIS can effectively trigger heterogeneous IN under mixed‐phase cloud conditions. HULIS ice active entities (IAE) were aggregates in size between 0.02 and 0.10 μm. At −20°C, the IAE numbers per unit HULIS mass varied from 213 to 8.7 × 104 mg−1. Such results were different than those detected in aquatic humic substances (HS) from previous studies, implying using HS as surrogates may not robustly estimate the IAE concentrations in the real atmosphere. Combining the abundance of atmospheric HULIS with the present results suggests that HULIS could be an important IAE contributor in the atmosphere where other ice nucleating particle species, such as dust and biological particles, are either low in concentration or absent.
Global Estimation of Suspended Particulate Matter From Satellite Ocean Color Imagery
Authors: Wei Jianwei , Wang Menghua , Jiang Lide , Yu Xiaolong , Mikelsons Karlis , Shen Fang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration (unit: mg l−1) in surface waters is an essential measure of water quality and clarity. Satellite remote sensing provides a powerful tool to derive the SPM with synoptic and repeat coverage. In this study, we developed a new global SPM algorithm utilizing the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ)) at near‐infrared (NIR), red, green, and blue bands (NIR‐RGB) as input. The evaluations showed that the NIR‐RGB algorithm could predict SPM with the median absolute percentage difference of ∼35%–39% over a wide range from ∼0.01 to >2,000 mg l−1. The uncertainty is smaller (29%–37%) for turbid waters where Rrs(671) ≥ 0.0012 sr−1 and slightly higher (41%–44%) for clear waters where Rrs(671) < 0.0012 mg l−1. The algorithm was implemented with the global Rrs(λ) data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. We provided a brief characterization of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the SPM products in global waters based on the monthly SPM composites. Case studies of the SPM time series in coastal and inland waters suggest that the satellite SPM estimations registered spatial and seasonal variation and episodic events in regional scales as well. The VIIRS‐generated global SPM maps provide a valuable addition to the existing ocean color products for environmental and climate applications.
An Atmospheric Constraint on the Seasonal Air‐Sea Exchange of Oxygen and Heat in the Extratropics
Authors: Morgan Eric J. , Manizza Manfredi , Keeling Ralph F. , Resplandy Laure , Mikaloff‐Fletcher Sara E. , Nevison Cynthia D. , Jin Yuming , Bent Jonathan D. , Aumont Olivier , Doney Scott C. , Dunne John P. , John Jasmin , Lima Ivan D. , Long Matthew C. , Rodgers Keith B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe air‐sea exchange of oxygen (O2) is driven by changes in solubility, biological activity, and circulation. The total air‐sea exchange of O2 has been shown to be closely related to the air‐sea exchange of heat on seasonal timescales, with the ratio of the seasonal flux of O2 to heat varying with latitude, being higher in the extratropics and lower in the subtropics. This O2/heat ratio is both a fundamental biogeochemical property of air‐sea exchange and a convenient metric for testing earth system models. Current estimates of the O2/heat flux ratio rely on sparse observations of dissolved O2, leaving it fairly unconstrained. From a model ensemble we show that the ratio of the seasonal amplitude of two atmospheric tracers, atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) and the argon‐to‐nitrogen ratio (Ar/O2), exhibits a close relationship to the O2/heat ratio of the extratropics (40–). The amplitude ratio, /, is relatively constant within the extratropics of each hemisphere due to the zonal mixing of the atmosphere. / is not sensitive to atmospheric transport, as most of the observed spatial variability in the seasonal amplitude of APO is compensated by similar variations in (Ar/). From the relationship between /heat and / in the model ensemble, we determine that the atmospheric observations suggest hemispherically distinct /heat flux ratios of 3.3 0.3 and 4.7 0.8 nmol between 40 and in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres respectively, providing a useful constraint for and heat air‐sea fluxes in earth system models and observation‐based data products.
Age patterns in overweight and wasting prevalence of under 5-year-old children from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ricardo Luiza I. C. , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Neves Paulo A. R. , dos Santos Vaz Juliana , Barros Aluisio J. D. , Victora Cesar Gomes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To describe how overweight and wasting prevalence varies with age among children under 5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
We used data from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Overweight and wasting prevalence were defined as the proportions of children presenting mean weight for length/height (WHZ) more than 2 standard deviations above or below 2 standard deviations from the median value of the 2006 WHO standards, respectively. Descriptive analyses include national estimates of child overweight and wasting prevalence, mean, and standard deviations of WHZ stratified by age in years. National results were pooled using the population of children aged under 5 years in each country as weight. Fractional polynomials were used to compare mean WHZ with both overweight and wasting prevalence.

Results
Ninety national surveys from LMICs carried out between 2010 and 2019 were included. The overall prevalence of overweight declined with age from 6.3% for infants (aged 0–11 months) to 3.0% in 4 years olds (p = 0.03). In all age groups, lower prevalence was observed in low-income compared to upper-middle-income countries. Wasting was also more frequent among infants, with a slight decrease between the first and second year of life, and little variation thereafter. Lower-middle-income countries showed the highest wasting prevalence in all age groups. On the other hand, mean WHZ was stable over the first 5 years of life, but the median standard deviation for WHZ decreased from 1.39 in infants to 1.09 in 4-year-old children (p < 0.001). For any given value of WHZ, both overweight and wasting prevalence were higher in infants than in older children.

Conclusion
The higher values of WHZ standard deviations in infants suggest that declining prevalence in overweight and wasting by age may be possibly due to measurement error or rapid crossing of growth channels by infants.
Investigation of a complete squeeze-film damping model for MEMS devices
Authors: Lu Qianbo , Fang Weidong , Wang Chen , Bai Jian , Yao Yuan , Chen Jiaxiao , Xu Xiang , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDynamic performance has long been critical for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices and is significantly affected by damping. Different structural vibration conditions lead to different damping effects, including border and amplitude effects, which represent the effect of gas flowing around a complicated boundary of a moving plate and the effect of a large vibration amplitude, respectively. Conventional models still lack a complete understanding of damping and cannot offer a reasonably good estimate of the damping coefficient for a case with both effects. Expensive efforts have been undertaken to consider these two effects, yet a complete model has remained elusive. This paper investigates the dynamic performance of vibrated structures via theoretical and numerical methods simultaneously, establishing a complete model in consideration of both effects in which the analytical expression is given, and demonstrates a deviation of at least threefold lower than current studies by simulation and experimental results. This complete model is proven to successfully characterize the squeeze-film damping and dynamic performance of oscillators under comprehensive conditions. Moreover, a series of simulation models with different dimensions and vibration statuses are introduced to obtain a quick-calculating factor of the damping coefficient, thus offering a previously unattainable damping design guide for MEMS devices.
Overexpression of glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 2 confers ovarian cancer to CDDP resistance by activating FGFR/PI3K signalling axis
Authors: Huang Shuting , Liang Suiying , Chen Guandi , Chen Jing , You Keli , Ye Haiyan , Li Zhigang , He Shanyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt has been reported that chemotherapy resistance mainly contributed to treatment failure and poor survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism and identifying effective strategies to overcome drug resistance may play an important clinical impact on this malignant tumor. In our study, we found that the expression of Glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 2 (GLT8D2) was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer samples with CDDP (Cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum) resistance. Biological experiment demonstrate that GLT8D2 overexpression confers CDDP resistance on ovarian cancer cells; however, inhibition of GLT8D2 sensitized ovarian cancer cell lines to CDDP cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. By using affinity purification/mass spectrometry (IP/MS) and reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analyses, we found that GLT8D2 interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1) in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, overexpression of GLT8D2 activated FGFR/PI3K signaling axis and upregulated the phosphorylation levels of FRS2a and AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of FGFR and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) signaling pathway significantly counteracted GLT8D2-induced chemoresistance and enhanced platinum’s therapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. Therefore, our findings suggest that GLT8D2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer; targeting GLT8D2/FGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling axis may represent a promising strategy to enhance platinum response in patients with chemoresistant ovarian cancer.
Differential impact of tumor suppressor gene (TP53, PTEN, RB1) alterations and treatment outcomes in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Velez Miguel Gonzalez , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Egan Jan B. , McNatty Andrea L. , Riaz Irbaz B. , Hwang Steven R. , Stewart Glenn A. , Ho Thai H. , Moore Cassandra N. , Singh Parminder , Sharpsten Renee K. , Costello Brian A. , Bryce Alan H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Altered tumor suppressor genes (TSG-alt) in prostate cancer are associated with worse outcomes. The prognostic value of TSG-alt in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (M1-HSPC) is unknown. We evaluated the effects of TSG-alt on outcomes in M1-HSPC and their prognostic impact by first-line treatment.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients with M1-HSPC at our institution treated with first-line androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel (ADT + D) or abiraterone acetate (ADT + A). TSG-alt was defined as any alteration in one or more TSG. The main outcomes were Kaplan–Meier-estimated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival, analyzed with the log-rank test. Clinical characteristics were compared with the χ2 test and Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results
We identified 97 patients with M1-HSPC: 48 (49%) with ADT + A and 49 (51%) with ADT + D. Of 96 patients with data available, 33 (34%) had 1 TSG-alt, 16 (17%) had 2 TSG-alt, and 2 (2%) had 3 TSG-alt. The most common alterations were in TP53 (36%) and PTEN (31%); 6% had RB1 alterations. Median PFS was 13.1 (95% CI, 10.3–26.0) months for patients with normal TSGs (TSG-normal) vs. 7.8 (95% CI, 5.8–10.5) months for TSG-alt (P = 0.005). Median PFS was lower for patients with TSG-alt vs TSG-normal for those with ADT + A (TSG-alt: 8.0 [95% CI, 5.8–13.8] months vs. TSG-normal: 23.2 [95% CI, 13.1–not estimated] months), but not with ADT + D (TSG-alt: 7.8 [95% CI, 5.7–12.9] months vs. TSG-normal: 9.5 [95% CI, 4.8–24.7] months). On multivariable analysis, only TSG-alt predicted worse PFS (hazard ratio, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.42–3.96; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The presence of TSG-alt outperforms clinical criteria for predicting early progression during first-line treatment of M1-HSPC. ADT + A was less effective in patients with than without TSG-alt. Confirmation of these findings may establish the need for inclusion of molecular stratification in treatment algorithms.
Coral-associated nitrogen fixation rates and diazotrophic diversity on a nutrient-replete equatorial reef
Authors: Moynihan Molly A , Goodkin Nathalie F , Morgan Kyle M , Kho Phyllis Y Y , Lopes dos Santos Adriana , Lauro Federico M , Baker David M , Martin Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The role of diazotrophs in coral physiology and reef biogeochemistry remains poorly understood, in part because N2 fixation rates and diazotrophic community composition have only been jointly analyzed in the tissue of one tropical coral species. We performed field-based 15N2 tracer incubations during nutrient-replete conditions to measure diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) assimilation into three species of scleractinian coral (Pocillopora acuta, Goniopora columna, Platygyra sinensis). Using multi-marker metabarcoding (16S rRNA, nifH, 18S rRNA), we analyzed DNA- and RNA-based communities in coral tissue and skeleton. Despite low N2 fixation rates, DDN assimilation supplied up to 6% of the holobiont’s N demand. Active coral-associated diazotrophs were chiefly Cluster I (aerobes or facultative anaerobes), suggesting that oxygen may control coral-associated diazotrophy. Highest N2 fixation rates were observed in the endolithic community (0.20 µg N cm−2 per day). While the diazotrophic community was similar between the tissue and skeleton, RNA:DNA ratios indicate potential differences in relative diazotrophic activity between these compartments. In Pocillopora, DDN was found in endolithic, host, and symbiont compartments, while diazotrophic nifH sequences were only observed in the endolithic layer, suggesting a possible DDN exchange between the endolithic community and the overlying coral tissue. Our findings demonstrate that coral-associated diazotrophy is significant, even in nutrient-rich waters, and suggest that endolithic microbes are major contributors to coral nitrogen cycling on reefs.
Transcriptional-regulatory convergence across functional MDD risk variants identified by massively parallel reporter assays
Authors: Mulvey Bernard , Dougherty Joseph D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFamily and population studies indicate clear heritability of major depressive disorder (MDD), though its underlying biology remains unclear. The majority of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage blocks associated with MDD by genome-wide association studies (GWASes) are believed to alter transcriptional regulators (e.g., enhancers, promoters) based on enrichment of marks correlated with these functions. A key to understanding MDD pathophysiology will be elucidation of which SNPs are functional and how such functional variants biologically converge to elicit the disease. Furthermore, retinoids can elicit MDD in patients and promote depressive-like behaviors in rodent models, acting via a regulatory system of retinoid receptor transcription factors (TFs). We therefore sought to simultaneously identify functional genetic variants and assess retinoid pathway regulation of MDD risk loci. Using Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs), we functionally screened over 1000 SNPs prioritized from 39 neuropsychiatric trait/disease GWAS loci, selecting SNPs based on overlap with predicted regulatory features—including expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and histone marks—from human brains and cell cultures. We identified >100 SNPs with allelic effects on expression in a retinoid-responsive model system. Functional SNPs were enriched for binding sequences of retinoic acid-receptive transcription factors (TFs), with additional allelic differences unmasked by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Finally, motifs overrepresented across functional SNPs corresponded to TFs highly specific to serotonergic neurons, suggesting an in vivo site of action. Our application of MPRAs to screen MDD-associated SNPs suggests a shared transcriptional-regulatory program across loci, a component of which is unmasked by retinoids.
Cepharanthine sensitizes human triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin via inducing cofilin oxidation-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis
Authors: Shen Li-wen , Jiang Xiu-xing , Li Zhi-qiang , Li Jie , Wang Mei , Jia Guan-fei , Ding Xin , Lei Ling , Gong Qi-hai , Gao Ning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInhibition of autophagy has been accepted as a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer, but its clinical application is hindered by lack of effective and specific autophagy inhibitors. We previously identified cepharanthine (CEP) as a novel autophagy inhibitor, which inhibited autophagy/mitophagy through blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in human breast cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether and how inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy by cepharanthine affected the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro and in vivo. In human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells, application of CEP (2 μM) greatly enhanced cepharanthine-induced inhibition on cell viability and colony formation. CEP interacted with epirubicin synergistically to induce apoptosis in TNBC cells via the mitochondrial pathway. We demonstrated that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin induced mitochondrial fission in MDA-MB-231 cells, and the production of mitochondrial superoxide was correlated with mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by the combination. Moreover, we revealed that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin markedly increased the generation of mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in oxidation of the actin-remodeling protein cofilin, which promoted formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge between Cys39 and Cys80 as well as Ser3 dephosphorylation, leading to mitochondria translocation of cofilin, thus causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Finally, in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 cell xenografts, co-administration of CEP (12 mg/kg, ip, once every other day for 36 days) greatly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin (2 mg/kg) as compared with administration of either drug alone. Taken together, our results implicate that a combination of cepharanthine with chemotherapeutic agents could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.