bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collagen analogs with phosphorylcholine are inflammation-suppressing scaffolds for corneal regeneration from alkali burns in mini-pigs
Authors: Simpson Fiona C. , McTiernan Christopher D. , Islam Mohammad Mirazul , Buznyk Oleksiy , Lewis Philip N. , Meek Keith M. , Haagdorens Michel , Audiger Cindy , Lesage Sylvie , Gueriot François-Xavier , Brunette Isabelle , Robert Marie-Claude , Olsen David , Koivusalo Laura , Liszka Aneta , Fagerholm Per , Gonzalez-Andrades Miguel , Griffith May 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe long-term survival of biomaterial implants is often hampered by surgery-induced inflammation that can lead to graft failure. Considering that most corneas receiving grafts are either pathological or inflamed before implantation, the risk of rejection is heightened. Here, we show that bioengineered, fully synthetic, and robust corneal implants can be manufactured from a collagen analog (collagen-like peptide-polyethylene glycol hybrid, CLP-PEG) and inflammation-suppressing polymeric 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) when stabilized with the triazine-based crosslinker 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride. The resulting CLP-PEG-MPC implants led to reduced corneal swelling, haze, and neovascularization in comparison to CLP-PEG only implants when grafted into a mini-pig cornea alkali burn model of inflammation over 12 months. Implants incorporating MPC allowed for faster nerve regeneration and recovery of corneal sensation. CLP-PEG-MPC implants appear to be at a more advanced stage of regeneration than the CLP-PEG only implants, as evidenced by the presence of higher amounts of cornea-specific type V collagen, and a corresponding decrease in the presence of extracellular vesicles and exosomes in the corneal stroma, in keeping with the amounts present in healthy, unoperated corneas.
Top-down acetylcholine signaling via olfactory bulb vasopressin cells contributes to social discrimination in rats
Authors: Suyama Hajime , Egger Veronica , Lukas Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial discrimination in rats requires activation of the intrinsic bulbar vasopressin system, but it is unclear how this system comes into operation, as olfactory nerve stimulation primarily inhibits bulbar vasopressin cells (VPCs). Here we show that stimulation with a conspecific can activate bulbar VPCs, indicating that VPC activation depends on more than olfactory cues during social interaction. A series of in vitro electrophysiology, pharmacology and immunohistochemistry experiments implies that acetylcholine, probably originating from centrifugal projections, can enable olfactory nerve-evoked action potentials in VPCs. Finally, cholinergic activation of the vasopressin system contributes to vasopressin-dependent social discrimination, since recognition of a known rat was blocked by bulbar infusion of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine and rescued by additional bulbar application of vasopressin. Thus, our results implicate that top-down cholinergic modulation of bulbar VPC activity is involved in social discrimination in rats.
Integrating molecular, histopathological, neuroimaging and clinical neuroscience data with NeuroPM-box
Authors: Iturria-Medina Yasser , Carbonell Félix , Assadi Atousa , Adewale Quadri , Khan Ahmed F. , Baumeister Tobias R. , Sanchez-Rodriguez Lazaro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and treating heterogeneous brain disorders requires specialized techniques spanning genetics, proteomics, and neuroimaging. Designed to meet this need,NeuroPM-boxis a user-friendly, open-access, multi-tool cross-platform software capable of characterizing multiscale and multifactorial neuropathological mechanisms. Using advanced analytical modeling for molecular, histopathological, brain-imaging and/or clinical evaluations, this framework has multiple applications, validated here with synthetic (N > 2900), in-vivo (N = 911) and post-mortem (N = 736) neurodegenerative data, and including the ability to characterize: (i) the series of sequential states (genetic, histopathological, imaging or clinical alterations) covering decades of disease progression, (ii) concurrent intra-brain spreading of pathological factors (e.g., amyloid, tau and alpha-synuclein proteins), (iii) synergistic interactions between multiple biological factors (e.g., toxic tau effects on brain atrophy), and (iv) biologically-defined patient stratification based on disease heterogeneity and/or therapeutic needs. This freely available toolbox (neuropm-lab.com/neuropm-box.html) could contribute significantly to a better understanding of complex brain processes and accelerating the implementation of Precision Medicine in Neurology.
The lexicon of antimicrobial peptides: a complete set of arginine and tryptophan sequences
Authors: Clark Sam , Jowitt Thomas A. , Harris Lynda K. , Knight Christopher G. , Dobson Curtis B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has focused on well-characterized natural sequences, or limited sets of synthetic peptides designed de novo. We have undertaken a comprehensive investigation of the underlying primary structural features that give rise to the development of activity in AMPs. We consider a complete set of all possible peptides, up to 7 residues long, composed of positively charged arginine (R) and / or hydrophobic tryptophan (W), two features most commonly associated with activity. We found the shortest active peptides were 4 or 5 residues in length, and the overall landscapes of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and a yeast were positively correlated. For all three organisms we found a single activity peak corresponding to sequences with around 40% R; the presence of adjacent W duplets and triplets also conferred greater activity. The mechanistic basis of these activities comprises a combination of lipid binding, particularly to negatively charged membranes, and additionally peptide aggregation, a mode of action previously uninvestigated for such peptides. The maximum specific antimicrobial activity appeared to occur in peptides of around 10 residues, suggesting ‘diminishing returns’ for developing larger peptides, when activity is considered per residue of peptide.
Identification of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD based on TCGA and GEO databases
Authors: Zheng Qiangqiang , Min Shihui , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that gene alterations play a crucial role in LUAD development, progression, and prognosis. The present study aimed to identify the hub genes associated with LUAD. In the present study, we used TCGA database to screen the hub genes. Then, we validated the results by GEO datasets. Finally, we used cBioPortal, UALCAN, qRT-PCR, HPA database, TCGA database, and Kaplan–Meier plotter database to estimate the gene mutation, gene transcription, protein expression, clinical features of hub genes in patients with LUAD. A total of 5930 DEGs were screened out in TCGA database. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in the transcriptional misregulation in cancer, viral carcinogenesis, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and ECM–receptor interaction. The combining results of MCODE and CytoHubba showed that ADCY8, ADRB2, CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were hub genes. Then, we verified the above results by GSE118370, GSE136043, and GSE140797 datasets. Compared with normal lung tissues, the expression levels of ADCY8 and ADRB2 were lower in LUAD tissues, but the expression levels of CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were higher. In the prognosis analyses, the low expression of ADCY8 and ADRB2 and the high expression of CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were correlated with poor OS and poor PFS. The significant differences in the relationship of the expression of 6 hub genes and clinical features were observed. In conclusion, 6 hub genes will not only contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of LUAD and may be potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.
RAGE-mediated functional DNA methylated modification contributes to cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Tao , Chen Mei , Chen Jun , Shen Yongchun , Chen Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur previous study indicated knockout of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) significantly attenuated cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway inflammation in mice. In the present study, we aim to further detect the mediatory effects of RAGE in DNA methylated modification in CS-induced airway inflammation. Lung tissues from the CS-exposed mouse model of airway inflammation were collected for profiling of DNA methylation by liquid hybridization capture-based bisulfite sequencing, which were used for conjoint analysis with our previous data of gene expression by cDNA microarray to identify functional methylated genes, as well as hub genes selected by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and functional enrichment analyses were then performed. After RAGE knockout, 90 genes were identified by intersection of the differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes. According to the reversed effects of methylation in promoters on gene transcription, 14 genes with functional methylated modification were further identified, among which chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and oncostatin M (OSM) with hypomethylation in promoters, were selected as the hub genes by PPI network analysis. Moreover, functional enrichment analyses showed the 14 functional methylated genes, including the 3 hub genes, were mainly enriched in immune-inflammatory responses, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, TLRs, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 pathways. The present study suggests that RAGE mediates functional DNA methylated modification in a cluster of 14 targeted genes, particularly hypomethylation in promoters of CXCL1, TLR6 and OSM, which might significantly contribute to CS-induced airway inflammation via a network of signaling pathways.
The Impact of Racism, Power, Privilege, and Positionality on Communication Sciences and Disorders Research: Time to Reconceptualize and Seek a Pathway to Equity
Authors: Ellis Charles , Jacobs Molly , Kendall Diane 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to explore how racism, privilege, power, and positionality negatively impact clinical research conducted in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests solutions will not emerge from a minor revision or adjustment of current research approaches. Instead, to make deep and necessary changes, a complete restructuring of the research process is needed. This restructuring calls for a reconceptualization of how research questions and hypotheses are formed, how methods are selected, how data are analyzed and interpreted, and who is at the table throughout this process of knowledge generation. Such an overhaul of current research approaches will offer the field a solution-oriented roadmap for scientific investigation that facilitates greater equity in the research enterprise that translates into improved clinical outcomes for all clients served.
Driving and tilt‐hovering – An agile and manoeuvrable aerial vehicle with tiltable rotors
Authors: Li Binbin , Ma Lei , Wang Duo , Sun Yongkui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDriving and tilt‐hovering help unmanned aerial vehicles extend their time of operation and the visible range of the equipped sensors. Standard quadrotors are underactuated, whose translational and rotational motions are strongly coupled. As a result, it is impossible to maintain the attitude invariably while changing position. Meanwhile, larger flying speed results in greater air resistance, which is also not desirable. A novel aerial platform with tiltable rotors is proposed. Compared with standard quadrotors, the aerial vehicle has three special capabilities: vector‐flying, tilt‐hovering, and driving. The platform consists of two tilting‐axes to change the direction of thrusts with respect to the aircraft body. To guarantee flexible manoeuvres, a geometric tracking control scheme that adapts on the fly to the thrust vectoring is exploited. Manoeuvrability of the proposed vehicle in different manoeuvres is demonstrated, such as flight with vectoring thrust that can reduce the flight resistance, tilt‐hovering expanding the reachable set of the equipped sensors. The prototype equipped with an electromechanical controller is constructed, and several associated preliminary experiments are performed. The feasibility of the mechanical design and the geometric control strategy are demonstrated.
Quantum and classical oblivious transfer: A comparative analysis
Authors: Santos Manuel B. , Pinto Armando N. , Mateus Paulo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSecure multiparty computation has the potential to be a disruptive technique in the realm of data analysis and computation. It enables several parties to compute virtually any function while preserving the privacy of their inputs. However, most of its protocols’ security and efficiency relies on the security and efficiency of oblivious transfer (OT). In this work, we make a detailed comparison between the complexity of the hybrid quantum oblivious transfer (HQOT) protocol presented in [11] and the classical OT [12], which to the best of our knowledge, is the fastest OT protocol. We also propose an optimised version of HQOT and discuss several other OT protocols generated from oblivious keys.
Detection of volatiles undergoing sublimation from 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko coma particles using ROSINA/COPS
Authors: Pestoni B. , Altwegg K. , Balsiger H. , Hänni N. , Rubin M. , Schroeder I. , Schuhmann M. , Wampfler S. 
Published: May 2021

Context. In an earlier study, we reported that the ram gauge of the COmet Pressure Sensor (COPS), one of the three instruments of the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA), could be used to obtain information about the sublimating content of icy particles, made up of volatiles and conceivably refractories coming from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
Aims. In this work, we extend the investigation to the second COPS gauge, the nude gauge. In particular, we analyse the volume of the volatile content of coma particles, along with a search for possible dependencies between the nude gauge detection rate (i.e. the rate at which icy particles are detected by the nude gauge) and the position of the Rosetta spacecraft. We also investigate the correlations of the nude gauge detection rate with the quantities associated with cometary activity.
Methods. We inspected the density measurements made by the nude gauge for features attributable to the presence of icy particles inside the instrument. These data were then analysed statistically based on the amplitude of the feature and on the position of the spacecraft at the time of detection.
Results. Although it was not originally designed for such a purpose, the COPS nude gauge has been able to detect ~67 000 features generated by the sublimation of the volatile content of icy particles. The nude gauge detection rate follows a trend that is inversely proportional to the heliocentric distance. This result is interpreted as a confirmation of a possible relation between the nude gauge detection rate and cometary activity. Thus, we compared the former with parameters related to cometary activity and obtained significant correlations, indicating that the frequency of icy particle detection is driven by cometary activity. Furthermore, by representing the volatile part of the icy particles as equivalent spheres with a density of 1 g cm−3, we obtained a range of diameters between 60 and 793 nm, with the smaller ones (<390 nm in diameter) having a size distribution power index of −4.79 ± 0.26.
Recent Antiviral Treatment and Vaccination Strategies Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bormann Maren , van de Sand Lukas , Witzke Oliver , Krawczyk Adalbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the end of 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide and has caused severe health and economic issues on a global scale. By the end of February 2021, more than 100 million SARS-CoV-2 cases had been reported worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be divided into three phases: An early phase with fever and cough (phase I), a pulmonary vascular disease (phase II) and a hyperinflammatory syndrome (phase III). Since viral replication plays a particularly important role in the early stage of the disease and the patientʼs immune system in the later course of infection, different therapeutic options arise depending on the stage of the disease. The antiviral nucleoside analogue remdesivir is the only antiviral compound with conditional approval in the European Union. Treatment with remdesivir should be initiated early (within the first seven days of symptom onset) in
patients receiving supplemental oxygen without invasive ventilation. In turn, the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone should be administered later in the course of disease in patients receiving oxygen therapy. Since autopsies indicate an increased frequency of thromboembolic events due to COVID-19, additional treatment with anticoagulants is recommended. Since the development of novel antivirals may take years, the application of convalescent plasma from patients who recovered from a SARS-CoV-2 infection for the treatment of COVID-19 is reasonable. However, large-scale studies indicated low efficacy of convalescent plasma. Furthermore, vaccination of the population is essential to control the pandemic. Currently, the mRNA vaccine Tozinameran from BioNTech and Pfizer, the mRNA-1273 vaccine from Moderna as well as the vector vaccine AZD1222 from AstraZeneca are licensed in the European Union. All three vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy in large clinical
trials. In addition to these licensed vaccines, many others are being tested in clinical trials. In the present article, an overview of therapeutic options for COVID-19 as well as vaccines for protection against SARS-CoV-2 is provided.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen COVID-19 und Schlaganfall: Pathophysiologie und klinische Bedeutung
Authors: Siepmann Timo , Barlinn Kristian 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDass COVID-19 mit einem erhöhten Risiko für das Auftreten ischämischer Schlaganfälle einhergeht, wurde bereits in den ersten Monaten nach dem weltweiten Bekanntwerden des Ausbruchs der Pandemie im Ground Zero Wuhan deutlich. Spätere Kohortenanalysen, Fallserien und Meta-Analysen bestätigten diesen Zusammenhang. Eine nicht unerhebliche geographische Variabilität der Prävalenz COVID-19-bezogener Schlaganfälle verdeutlicht allerdings den fortbestehenden Bedarf an umfassenden epidemiologischen Analysen. Im Übrigen fanden sich zunehmend Hinweise dafür, dass dem mit COVID-19 assoziierten Schlaganfall ein multifaktorieller pathophysiologischer Mechanismus zugrundeliegenden könnte. Neben einer durch die SARS-CoV-2-Infektion verursachten Hyperkoagubilität, die sowohl im mikrovaskulären System als auch in Großgefäßen thrombogen wirkt, scheinen vaskulitische arterielle Veränderungen und kardiogene Embolien infolge virusassoziierter myokardialer Schädigung bei der Ätiologie des COVID-19-assoziierten Schlaganfalls eine Rolle zu spielen. Die Versorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten/innen in Zeiten der Pandemie durch multidisziplinäre Teams scheint in insgesamt kompensierten Kliniken im Wesentlichen nicht kompromittiert zu sein. Hinweise, dass Patienten/innen mit COVID-19-assoziiertem Schlaganfall von einem intensivierten Monitoring und einer aggressiveren Sekundärprävention profitieren, bedarf klinischer Prüfung.
Versorgungsnahe Daten zur Evaluation von Interventionseffekten: Teil
2 des Manuals
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Kaiser Thomas , Apfelbacher Christian , Benz Stefan , Bierbaum Thomas , Dreinhöfer Karsten , Hauptmann Michael , Heidecke Claus-Dieter , Koller Michael , Kostuj Tanja , Ortmann Olaf , Schmitt Jochen , Schünemann Holger , Veit Christof , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Evaluation von Interventionseffekten ist eine wichtige Domäne der
Versorgungsforschung. Die vom Deutschen Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) ins
Leben gerufene Ad hoc Kommission zur Nutzung versorgungsnaher Daten
beschäftigt sich in diesem zweiten Teil des Manuals deshalb mit der
Nutzung dieser Daten zur Evaluation von Interventionseffekten. Zunächst
erfolgt dabei eine Aufarbeitung der Begriffsbestimmung und Diskussion zur
Bedeutung von Kontextfaktoren. Anschließend werden sowohl allgemeine
Anforderungen an Planung, Datenerhebung und Auswertung sowie konkrete Beispiele
zur Evaluation von Interventionseffekten für die 3 Anwendungsfelder
Arzneimitteltherapie, nicht-medikamentöse Maßnahmen sowie
komplexe Interventionen herausgearbeitet. Dabei werden sowohl Szenarien
betrachtet, bei denen bisher keine Informationen aus direkt vergleichenden
randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) vorliegen bzw. bereits RCTs
vorhanden sind, jedoch eine Erweiterung der Fragestellung erforderlich ist. Im
Zentrum steht bei allen Beispielen an erster Stelle immer die Frage, ob die
Datenquelle für die entsprechende Forschungsfrage geeignet ist und zwar
unabhängig davon, ob eine Studie mit oder ohne Randomisierung
durchgeführt wird. Die gewählten Beispiele stammen
größtenteils aus der Onkologie, weil die hierfür
notwendigen Daten zumindest in Ansätzen bereits für Deutschland
vorliegen. Abschließend diskutiert das Manual mögliche
Herausforderungen für eine zukünftige Nutzung dieser Daten.
Diagnostik der weiblichen Harninkontinenz: Dos and Dontʼs
Authors: Jaekel Anke K. , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth , Knüpfer Stephanie C. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Harninkontinenz schränkt die physische und psychische Gesundheit sowie die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen stark ein. Sie stellt eine weitverbreitete chronische Erkrankung dar, aktuell sind über 200 Mio. Menschen weltweit betroffen. Frauen sind deutlich häufiger harninkontinent als Männer. Es existieren derzeit eine Vielzahl an konservativen und operativen Therapiemaßnahmen zur Behandlung der weiblichen Harninkontinenz. Zum effektiven und erfolgreichen Einsatz dieser Maßnahmen ist die umfassende Diagnostik der zugrundeliegenden anatomischen und funktionellen Veränderungen unerlässlich. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten der weiblichen Harninkontinenz von der nicht-invasiven bis hin zur invasiven Untersuchung vor. Es werden mögliche Fallstricke und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten der einzelnen Verfahren beschrieben.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology Karl Dussik, 1908–1968: Pioneer of MSK Ultrasonography
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Martinoli Carlo , Panas-Goworska Marta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of Karl Theodore Dussik, the Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist from the University of Vienna who is recognized as the pioneer of ultrasonography.
Imaging of Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions
Authors: Al-Qassab Sinan , Lalam Radhesh , Botchu Rajesh , Bazzocchi Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLumps and bumps are frequently seen in children, and the vast majority are a result of trauma, infection, or inflammation. True soft tissue neoplastic lesions are rare; however, their wide and complex classifications make these lesions challenging to manage. Imaging features are usually nonspecific, and a reasonable list of differential diagnoses can be generated following consideration of the clinical presentation, age, and anatomical location of the lesion. In this article, we offer a practical approach to diagnosing such lesions by discussing the most common three benign and malignant lesions in different anatomical regions stratified by age with emphasis on certain features that might aid in the diagnosis such as depth, multiplicity, calcification, or other specific imaging feature.