bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of single- vs two-close-frequency heating impact on confinement and loss dynamics in ECR ion source plasmas by means of x-ray spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Mascali D , Naselli E , Rácz R , Biri S , Celona L , Galatá A , Gammino S , Mazzaglia M , Torrisi G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We hereby report a study on confinement and electron loss dynamics in the magnetic trap of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source using a special multi-diagnostic setup that has allowed the simultaneous collection of plasma radio-self-emission and x-ray images in the range 500 eV–20 keV. Argon plasmas were generated in single- and two-close-frequency heating (SFH and TCFH) modes. Evidence of turbulent regimes has been found: for stable and unstable configurations quantitative characterizations of the plasma radio self-emission have been carried out, then compared with local measurements of plasma energy content evaluated by x-ray imaging. This imaging method is the only one able to clearly separate x-ray radiation coming from the plasma from that coming from the plasma chamber walls. X-ray imaging has also been supported and benchmarked by volumetric spectroscopy performed via silicon drift and high-purity germanium detectors. The obtained results in terms of x-ray intensity signal coming from the plasma core and from the plasma chamber walls permit the estimation of the average ratio: plasma vs. walls (i.e. plasma losses) as a function of input RF power and pumping wave frequency, showing an evident increase (above the experimental errors) of the intensity in the 2–20 keV energy range due to the plasma losses in the case of unstable plasma. This ratio was well correlated with the strength of the instabilities, in SFH operation mode; in TCFH mode, under specific power balance conditions and frequency combinations, it was possible to damp the instabilities, and thus the plasma losses were observed to decrease and a general reconfiguration of the spatial plasma structure occurred (the x-ray emission was more concentrated in the center of the plasma chamber). Finally, a simplified model was used to simulate electron heating under different pumping frequencies, prompting discussion of the impact of velocity anisotropy vs the onset of the instability, and the mechanism of particle diffusion in the velocity space in stable and unstable regimes.
Time fractional advection-dispersion model to study transportation of particles with time-memory for unsteady nonequilibrium suspension in open-channel turbulent flows
Authors: Ghosh Surath , Kundu Snehasis , Kumar Sunil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of time-memory on the mixing and nonequilibrium transportation of particles in an unsteady turbulent flow are investigated. The memory effect of particles is captured through a time-fractional advection-dispersion equation rather than a traditional advection-dispersion equation. The time-fractional derivative is considered in Caputo sense which includes a power-law memory kernel that captures the power-law jumps of particles. The time-fractional model is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. To make the solution procedure more robust three different kinds of Chebyshev polynomials are considered. The time-fractional derivative is approximated using the finite difference method at small time intervals and numerical solutions are obtained in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. The model solutions are compared with existing experimental data of traditional conditions and satisfactory results are obtained. Apart from this, the effects of time-memory are analyzed for bottom concentration and transient concentration distribution of particles. The results show that for uniform initial conditions, bottom concentration increases with time as the order of fractional derivative decreases. In the case of transient concentration, the value of concentration initially decreases when T < 1 and thereafter increases throughout the flow depth. The effects of time-memory are also analyzed under steady flow conditions. Results show that under steady conditions, transient concentration is more sensitive for linear, parabolic, and parabolic-constant models of sediment diffusivity rather than the constant model.
Negative refractive index in a Doppler broadened three-level Λ-type atomic medium
Authors: Van Ai Nguyen , Bang Nguyen Huy , Van Doai Le 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have achieved a negative refractive index with significantly reduced absorption in a three-level Λ-type atomic gas medium under Doppler broadening. It shows that the conditions for obtaining negative refractive index in the presence of Doppler broadening are very different from those of Doppler broadening absent. In particular, in order to obtain negative refractive index in the case of Doppler broadening the coupling laser intensity must be approximately ten times greater than that when the Doppler broadening is ignored. Meanwhile, the frequency band of negative refractive index with Doppler broadening is significantly expanded (about a hundred times) compared to that without Doppler broadening, however, the amplitude of negative refractive index decreases with increasing temperature (or Doppler width). Even in some cases as temperature (Doppler width) increases, the left-handedness of the material can disappear. In addition, we also show that the amplitude and the frequency band of negative refractive index can be changed by adjusting the intensity and the frequency of coupling laser. Our theoretical investigation can be useful for selection of laser parameters under different temperature conditions to achieve negative refractive index in experimental implementation.
Optimization of 3D controlled ELM-free state with recovered global confinement for KSTAR with n = 1 resonant magnetic field perturbation
Authors: Kim S.K. , Shousha R. , Hahn S.H. , Nelson A.O. , Wai J. , Yang S.M. , Park J.-K. , Nazikian R. , Logan N.C. , Jeon Y.M. , In Y. , Lee J.H. , Kim J. , Lee C.Y. , Na Y.-S. , Kolemen E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mitigation of deleterious heat flux from edge-localized modes (ELMs) on fusion reactors is often attempted with 3D perturbations of the confining magnetic fields. However, the established technique of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) also degrades plasma performance, complicating implementation on future fusion reactors. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive real-time control scheme on the KSTAR tokamak as a viable approach to achieve an ELM-free state and simultaneously recover high-confinement (β
N ∼ 1.91, β
p ∼ 1.53, and H
98 ∼ 0.9), demonstrating successful handling of a volatile complex system through adaptive measures. We show that, by exploiting a salient hysteresis process to adaptively minimize the RMP strength, stable ELM suppression can be achieved while actively encouraging confinement recovery. This is made possible by a self-organized transport response in the plasma edge which reinforces the confinement improvement through a widening of the ion temperature pedestal and promotes control stability, in contrast to the deteriorating effect on performance observed in standard RMP experiments. These results establish the real-time approach as an up-and-coming solution toward an optimized ELM-free state, which is an important step for the operation of ITER and reactor-grade tokamak plasmas.
Influence of pressure on the wake of a hydrophobic circular cylinder for a flow regime with Reynolds number of 2.2×105
Authors: Dobroselsky K G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vortex flow structures in a turbulent wake behind a circular Teflon cylinder immersed in an incoming flow with a change in pressure for the Reynolds number Re = 2.2×105 have been experimentally studied using a two-dimensional image (2D-PIV) of particles in a closed-circuit water tunnel. The obtained results are presented in the form of time-averaged velocity fields, Reynolds stresses, and distributions of turbulent kinetic energy. The flow data showed that the size of the wake flow region, Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy change depending on the pressure in the flow. As a result of a 20% reduction in pressure, the size of the vortex zone in the wake increases by about 20%.
Vortex heat transfer enhancement on energy-efficient surfaces structured by inclined trench dimples
Authors: Isaev S A , Mikheev N I , Dushin N S , Goltsman A E , Nikushchenko D V , Sudakov A G 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExperimental measurements and numerical predictions of the longitudinal component of the air velocity in a narrow channel with two rows of 26 densely packed oval trenches at angles of ±45° and ±135° in laminar (Re=103) and turbulent (Re=4×103) regimes have been compared. The acceptability of the RANS approach using the modified SST turbulence model within the Rodi–Leschziner–Isaev approach has been substantiated. The flow acceleration in the dimpled channel up to the longitudinal velocity maxima of 1.85 and 1.55 of the average bulk velocity for laminar and turbulent air flows has been experimentally confirmed.
Experimental study of the flow structure in cross flows
Authors: Nebuchinov A S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the development of flow and mixing processes in the stationary and impulsive transverse jets with a small degree and frequency of blowing pulsation. Velocity field measurements were carried out using the TR PIV technique. The fields of statistical moments are obtained. It is shown that when a cross flow is injected, the main flow is turbulized, while the rise of the pulsating jet depends on the outflow mode. It is shown that with an increase in the frequency of pulsations of the transverse jet, it is more strongly “pressed” against the lower wall, maximum values of the intensity of pulsations of the transverse velocity component exceed by more than 1.5 times the values of pulsations of the transverse component.
Large-eddy simulations of a swirling flow in a model Francis turbine
Authors: Palkin E V , Hrebtov M Yu , Mullyadzhanov R I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We performed Large-eddy simulations of the flow in a model air Francis turbine in a range of low-load regimes with a swirler rotating at fixed frequency. All investigated regimes revealed the presence of coherent helical vortex structure in the draft tube: the precessing vortex core. We identified the frequency of this instability and obtained mean flow velocity fields to be utilized in further works.
Effect of the attack angle of the ribs on the flow and heat transfer in a flat channel
Authors: Barsukov A V , Terekhov V V , Terekhov V I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of numerical simulation of a turbulent flow in a flat channel with periodic inclined ribs by the RANS method are presented. The Reynolds number, calculated from the rib height and the superficial velocity, is Re = 12600. The obtained data are analyzed in order to determine the influence of the inclination angle on heat transfer. It is shown that the optimal angle of inclination, at which the average heat transfer in the channel is maximum, is 60°.
Peculiarities of hydrogen production using methane steam reforming in a microstructured reactor-heat exchanger
Authors: Kuznetsov V V , Gasenko O A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the description of the rhodium catalyst synthesis and the results of numerical study of the methane-steam reforming in a microstructured reactor-heat exchanger. The kinetics of the reforming reactions on a synthesized catalyst was determined using the numerical simulations and experimental data on activation energy of the methane reactions. It allows finding the characteristics of methane steam reforming that can be used for optimization of the microstructured reactor implementing the microchannel technology.
The investigation of the efficiency of oil displacing from the pore in the rock formation depending on the width and height of the pore using nanosuspension as a displacing agent
Authors: Lobasov A S , Minakov A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The numerical investigation of the two-phase fluid flow in a microchannel was carried out. The effect of the pore width and height on the oil displacing efficiency by nanofluids for various Reynolds numbers was studied. The computational domain was a T-shaped microchannel with a horizontal main flow channel and a vertical channel that imitated the pore in the rock formation, called a pore channel. The main channel width and height were 200 µm, and the pore channel width and height were varied in the range from 100 µm to 800 µm. The Reynolds number was varied from 0.1 to 100. The main studied characteristic was the oil recovery coefficient, defined as the ratio of the volume of oil remaining in the pore to the volume of the pore. That characteristic, obtained for a case, when the nanofluid was used as a displacing agent, was compared to the similar one obtained for a case, when pure water was used as a displacing agent. A single-phase fluid with properties, determined experimentally, was considered the nanofluid. The mass concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles were 0.25% and 0.5%. The average diameter of nanoparticles was equal to 5 nm. It was found, that the oil recovery coefficient increased with an increase in width of the pore channel and a decrease in its height. It was obtained that the nanofluid can enhance the oil recovery in several times as compared to pure water. It was also found that the main factor affecting the efficiency of oil recovery is the contact angle of wetting.
Study of interface gas-liquid flow characteristics in a rectangular microchannel for wavy-annular flow
Authors: Bartkus G V , Kuznetsov V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is an experimental study of a gas-liquid flow in a rectangular slit microchannel with a cross-section of 200 × 2045 μm. Ethanol/water (95/5) mixture and nitrogen are used as working liquid and gas, accordingly. The external T-mixer is used for obtaining of wavy-annular flow pattern. The experimental data on interfacial waves and their characteristics in the meniscus area on the short side of the microchannel are obtained using high-speed visualization for a wide range of gas and liquid superficial velocities. Images are processed using the Python libraries to define the average liquid layer thickness and maximum amplitude of waves. An increase of gas superficial velocity causes decreasing in the average liquid layer thickness and maximal amplitude of the liquid layer thickness. The waves on the liquid layer surface (maximal amplitude) can be three times larger than the average liquid layer thickness for presented liquid and gas velocities. With increasing gas superficial velocities more liquid displace from the meniscus area to the liquid film on the wide side of the microchannel.
Sound emission of solid surfaces through bubble layer
Authors: Ogorodnikov I A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The analysis of the influence of a thin homogeneous bubble layer on sound emission from a solid surface is carried out. Sound pulses and monochromatic wave packets with a carrier frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the bubbles forming the bubble layer are considered. It is shown that the bubble layer transforms short sound pulses into wave sound packets and significantly reduces the amplitude of the emitted sound. The structure of a sinusoidal wave packet is transformed similarly. A long sound pulse is stored in the form of a pulse, its shape changes significantly. A homogeneous bubble layer near a solid radiating surface is an open resonator. The layer generates far-field radiation with spectral lines depending on the method of layer excitation and the internal properties of the bubble layer. The resonant frequency of the bubble is the limiting frequency in the spectrum, but it is not distinguished by a separate line.
Modelling of water jet impact on molten metal
Authors: Yakush S E , Sivakov N S , Melikhov V I , Melikhov O I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Splashes of high-temperature melt spreading over a water pool bottom can be a reason for the formation of a zone where melt, water and steam are mixed, providing conditions for powerful steam explosions. The paper considers the formation of melt splashes arising from the impact of a water jet on the surface of the melt. Numerical simulations are performed in 3D formulation, using the VOF method and an improved phase change model. The evolution of melt surface following the water jet impact is demonstrated, including the formation of a cavern, a primary melt splash known as the crown, as well as a secondary splash following the collapse of the cavern, known as the cumulative jet. Parametric study for the melt splash height dependence on the water jet geometry and velocity is carried out. The results of numerical analysis are discussed from the point of view of the similarity with respect to the momentum and kinetic energy of water jet. The significance of the results for the steam explosion problem is discussed.
Effect of phase transitions on operation of air-to-air heat exchangers with drop irrigation
Authors: Nizovtsev M I , Letushko V N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the thermal and humidity parameters of air flows of a regenerative air-to-air heat exchanger with drop irrigation and an intermediate heat carrier when operating in winter conditions with negative outside temperatures. The dependences of temperature and humidity efficiency of the heat exchanger on saline solution flow rate were determined, while the maximum temperature efficiency in the heating column was more than 70%. It is shown that under all investigated regimes in the heating column, moisture evaporated from the saline solution, and the air entering the room became more humid, which is a positive factor that increases the comfort of premises at negative outside temperatures.
Numerical studies of the advective flow of heptadecane in a horizontal layer with a longitudinal temperature gradient at the lower boundary
Authors: Kislitsyn S A , Berdnikov V S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Numerical studies of the convective flow of heptadecane in a horizontal layer with a suddenly applied longitudinal temperature gradient at the lower high-thermal conductivity boundary have been carried out by the finite element method. A system of nonstationary dimensionless equations of free convection containing stream function, velocity vortex, and temperature as variables was solved. The calculations were carried out with a free upper boundary with and without taking into account the influence of the thermocapillary effect.
The effect of operating parameters on the heat transfer in the heat pipe
Authors: Litvintceva A. A. , Volkov N. I. , Vorogushina N. I. , Moskovskikh V. A. , Cheverda V. V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Heat pipes are a good solution for temperature stabilization, for example, of microelectronics, because these kinds of systems are without any moving parts. Experimental research of the effect of operating parameters on the heat transfer in a cylindrical heat pipe has been conducted. The effect of the working fluid properties and the porous layer thickness on the heat flux and temperature difference in the heat pipe has been investigated. The temperature field of the heat pipe has been investigated using the IR-camera and K-type thermocouples. The data obtained by IR-camera and K-type thermocouples have been compared. It is demonstrated the power transferred from the evaporator to the condenser is a linear function of the temperature difference between them.
Numerical simulation of the processes of atomization and combustion of a coal-water slurry in different-scale installations
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Dekterev A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulation of atomization of a coal-water suspension (CWS) by a pneumatic nozzle is carried out, taking into account the processes of secondary breakup of droplets. The characteristic parameters of atomization were obtained (the dispersed jet opening angle, the size and velocity of the droplets). The data obtained were used to simulate atomization and combustion of the CWS on the firing stand. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data. The proposed numerical technique allows research on the introduction of advanced technologies and the improvement of existing different-scale installations (from stands to pilot industrial boilers).
Metallurgical silicon refining using electron-beam plasma
Authors: Shchukin V G , Konstantinov V O , Sharafutdinov R G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The possibilities of plasma-chemical refining of metallurgical silicon have been demonstrated. It is shown that by electron-beam refining it is possible to reduce the concentration of phosphorus and boron, as well as the main metallic impurities by evaporation of both these impurities and their volatile compounds.
Thermodynamic modeling of solid fuel gasification in mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Authors: Donskoy I G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the main problems in the use of solid fuels is inevitable formation of significant amounts of carbon dioxide. The prospects for reducing CO2 emissions (carbon capture and storage, CCS) are opening up with the use of new coal technologies, such as thermal power plants with integrated gasification (IGCC) and transition to oxygen-enriched combustion (oxyfuel). In order to study the efficiency of solid fuel conversion processes using carbon dioxide, thermodynamic modeling was carried out. Results show that difference between efficiency of fuel conversion in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 mixtures increases with an increase in the volatile content and a decrease in the carbon content. The effect of using CO2 as a gasification agent depends on the oxygen concentration: at low oxygen concentrations, the process temperature turns out to be low due to dilution; at high oxygen concentrations, the CO2 concentration is not high enough for efficient carbon conversion.
Flow regimes in a multi-gap circular Couette-Taylor system with opposite rotating cylinders
Authors: Serov A F , Mamonov V N , Nazarov A D , Miskiv N B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the flow structure in the gaps of a multi-cylinder circular Couette-Taylor system, which is a model of a two-rotor heat generator. The initial information for studying the flow structure was data on the magnitude of the resistance torque to rotors opposed rotation, as well as on the nature of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of pulsations of this torque, depending on the viscosity of the working fluid and the rotational speed of the heat generator rotors. The obtained data allow comparing the nature of hydrodynamic processes in the single and obtained multi-gap circular space of Couette-Taylor and calculating the parameters of structural formations in the multi-gap working space of the heat generator. At relative rotational speeds of rotors (3-50) rad/s, the main energy of flow pulsations (up to 90%) is found in the amplitude-frequency spectra in the frequency range (12-70) Hz. It is associated with vortices first described by Taylor, which are extended low-frequency regularly alternating spirals and vortex structures with right and left rotation in the region of higher frequencies (200– 500) Hz; their frequency is determined by the width of the annular gaps of the multi-cylinder system.