bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy composites by constructing thermal conduction networks via adding hybrid alumina filler
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Yu , Zhou Xiao‐Nan , Li Zi‐Xuan , Xu Song‐Song , Hao Liu‐Cheng , Zhao Jun‐Ping , Wang Bo , Yang Jian‐Feng , Ishizaki Kozo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh thermal conductivity of polymer composites could be achieved through constructing 3D continuous thermally conductive networks into polymer composites. Herein, we demonstrate a simple, effective method to optimize the segregated alumina networks by using ternary mixture of alumina particles with different diameter ratios (5.8 μm + 2.6 μm + 0.5 μm) at the fixed total content of 60 wt% via conventional melt blending method. The thermal properties of epoxy composites were investigated as a function of the weight fraction and particle size of alumina particles. The thermal conductivity (TC) values of composites with coarse fillers (13.2 μm) are in agreement with Agari model at high filler loading (57 ~ 67 wt%). And the value of C2 was ~0.949 (close to 1), indicating that the formation of heat conduction paths in the composites. The addition of 60 wt% smaller fillers (2.6 μm) facilitates a higher interaction degree between the polymer/fillers, consequently, leads to a higher Tg of 147.8°C. A high TC of 1.109 W m−1 K−1 is achieved as the ratio of alumina filler with different particle sizes is 7/2/1, corresponding to a TC enhancement of 23%–32% compared to the composites with a single particle size filler. A suitable proportion of hybrid fillers is crucial for constructing three‐dimension continuous network, in which nano‐particles filled between the micro‐particles could increase the particle‐to‐particle connectivity.
UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis of the guaiane sesquiterpenoids oxytropiols A–J and detection of undescribed analogues from the locoweed endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis (Pleosporaceae)
Authors: Tan Xiang‐Mei , Li Qi , Wang Yan‐Duo , Wang Tie‐Lin , Yang Jian , Sun Bing‐Da , Guo Lan‐Ping , Ding Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn addition to the mycotoxin swainsonine, the locoweed endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis (Pleosporaceae) also produces a series of rarely reported, highly oxygenated bicyclic guaiane sesquiterpenoids. Few investigations on the electrospray tandem mass fragmentation pattern of this sesquiterpenoid have been reported.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze and detect new guaiane sesquiterpenoid analogues from crude extracts of the locoweed endophytic fungus A. oxytropis by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS experiments.Materials and MethodsOxytropiols A–J (1–10) and the extract of the locoweed endophytic fungus A. oxytropis were analyzed by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS in positive mode.ResultsTypical neutral losses, McLafferty rearrangement, 1,2‐rearrangement, and 1,3‐rearrangement were considered to be the main fragmentation patterns for the [M + H]+/[M + Na]+ ions of 1–10 by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS experiments, and possible fragmentation pathways of 1–10 were suggested. A unique and undescribed analogue named oxytropiol K (11) was found in the extract based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis. Compound 11 was isolated and elucidated by NMR spectrometry, and its UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis was consistent with the fragmentation pathways of 1–10.ConclusionThe results further support that UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS is a powerful and sensitive tool for the characterization of known compounds (dereplication) and the detection of new analogues from crude extracts and imply that the locoweed endophytic fungus A. oxytropis, with few chemical investigations, is an important resource for undescribed metabolites.
Understanding and addressing racial stress and trauma in schools: A pathway toward resistance and healing
Authors: Saleem Farzana T. , Howard Tyrone C. , Langley Audra K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractYouth of color are disproportionately impacted by stressful and traumatic life events, including race‐based experiences, which are linked to negative consequences. School is a salient context where youth encounter, witness, and process racial stress and trauma (RST). However, RST is often overlooked within general school‐based trauma models. Thus, we propose the School Trauma and Racial Stress (STARS) blueprint, focused on RST across three levels of the school ecology. By building upon and expanding the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration recommendations regarding trauma‐informed approaches (2014), the STARS blueprint applies a multilevel approach to acknowledging and addressing RST within schools. This integrated framework is a call to action across the school ecology, with the goal to increase recognition of RST within school‐based trauma‐informed approaches and to build racial equity and healing for students of color in K‐12 schools. Practical applications for schools are discussed.
Implementation of robot‐assisted curative resection for rare anorectal tumours on the basis of individualised treatment
Authors: Kim Jin Cheon , Kim Jihun , Jung Jay , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Park In Ja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the validity of robot‐assisted curative operation for rare anorectal tumours, characterised by biological heterogeneity and anatomical complexity.MethodsThe present study evaluated 16 consecutive patients including three with anorectal squamous cell carcinoma (ARSCC), four with anorectal mucosal melanoma (ARMM), seven with anorectal neuroendocrine tumour (ARNET), and two with other types of anorectal tumours.ResultsOf the three patients with ARSCC after chemoradiotherapy, two underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR), and one underwent ultralow anterior resection (uLAR)/total intersphincteric resection (ISR), surviving 56–76 months without recurrence. Of the four ARMM patients, APR and uLAR/total ISR were conducted in two patients, respectively, with variable survival outcomes. All seven patients with ARNET were treated with uLAR/ISR and LAR, surviving for 5–106 months to date.ConclusionsBecause most anorectal tumours are confined to the dermal and submucosal layers, robotic anorectal function preserving ISR is expected to achieve R0 resection.
The Multiweek Thermal Stability of Medical‐Grade Poly(ε‐caprolactone) During Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Böhm Christoph , Stahlhut Philipp , Weichhold Jan , Hrynevich Andrei , Teßmar Jörg , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is a high‐resolution additive manufacturing technology that places unique constraints on the processing of thermally degradable polymers. With a single nozzle, MEW operates at low throughput and in this study, medical‐grade poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is heated for 25 d at three different temperatures (75, 85, and 95 °C), collecting daily samples. There is an initial increase in the fiber diameter and decrease in the jet speed over the first 5 d, then the MEW process remains stable for the 75 and 85 °C groups. When the collector speed is fixed to a value at least 10% above the jet speed, the diameter remains constant for 25 d at 75 °C and only increases with time for 85 and 95 °C. Fiber fusion at increased layer height is observed for 85 and 95 °C, while the surface morphology of single fibers remain similar for all temperatures. The properties of the prints are assessed with no observable changes in the degree of crystallinity or the Young's modulus, while the yield strength decreases in later phases only for 95 °C. After the initial 5‐d period, the MEW processing of PCL at 75 °C is extraordinarily stable with overall fiber diameters averaging 13.5 ± 1.0 µm over the entire 25‐d period.
In Situ Replacement Synthesis of Co@NCNT Encapsulated CoPt3@Co2P Heterojunction Boosting Methanol Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lu Zhenjiang , Xie Jing , Hu Jindou , Wang Kun , Cao Yali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSimultaneous boosting electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) for direct methanol fuel cells and production of hydrogen is meaningful but challenging. Herein, a sea urchin‐shaped cobalt‐embedded N‐doped carbon nanotubes (Co@NCNT) encapsulated CoPt3@Co2P heterojunction (CoPt3@Co2P/Co@NCNT) is fabricated. Theoretical calculations confirm that electrons at the interfaces transfer from CoPt3 to Co2P, where electron hole region on CoPt3 is beneficial to improving the MOR activity, whereas accumulation region on Co2P favors to the optimization of H2O and H* absorption energies for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefitting from its interfacial electronic reconfiguration, the CoPt3@Co2P/Co@NCNT heterojunction exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performances for MOR and HER, in which the mass activity (2981 mA mgPt−1) for MOR is 14.2 times than that of Pt/C (20%), and the smallest overpotentials only requires 19 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER. Moreover, the electrolyzer employing CoPt3@Co2P/Co@NCNT for anodic MOR and cathodic H2 production only requires a low voltage of 1.43 V at 10 mA cm−2 with impressive long‐life cycling stability, which is obviously better than that of commercial Pt/C//RuO2. This study offers a novel strategy for other organics oxidation reaction coupled with HER catalyzed production of hydrogen.
Schottky Contacts Regularized Linear Regression for Signal Inconsistency Circumvent in Resistive Gas Micro‐Nanosensors
Authors: Zhao Yuxin , Su Yue , Guo Mengya , Liu Liqun , Chen Peng , Song Anqi , Yu Wei , Hu Shi , Zhao Rongjian , Fang Zhen , Zhang Huacheng , Zhao Yanli , Liang Wenjie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the frontier resistive micro‐nano gas sensors, the change rate reliability between the measured quantity and output signals has long been puzzled by the ineluctable device‐to‐device and run‐to‐run disparities. Here, a neotype sensing data interpretation method to circumvent these signal inconsistencies is reported. The method is based on discovery of a strong linear relation between the initial resistance in air (Ra) and the absolute change in resistance after exposure to target gas (Ra–Rg). Metal oxide gas sensors based on a micro‐hot‐plate are employed as the model system. The study finds that such correlation has a wide universality, even for devices incorporated with different sensing materials or under different gas atmosphere. Furthermore, this rule can also be extensible to graphene‐based interdigital microelectrode. In situ probe scanning analyses illuminate that the linear dependence is closely related to work function matching level between metal electrode and sensitive layer. The Schottky barrier at metal‐semiconductor junctions is the prominent parameter, whose height (ϕB) can fundamentally impact material/electrode contact resistance, thereby further affecting the realistic nature expression of sensing materials. Using this correlation, a calibration procedure is proposed and embed in a fully integrated pocket‐size sensor prototype, whose response outcomes demonstrated high credibility as compared to commercial apparatus.
A global phylogeny of Lycopodiaceae (Lycopodiales; lycophytes) with the description of a new genus, Brownseya, from Oceania
Authors: Chen De‐Kui , Zhou Xin‐Mao , Rothfels Carl J. , Shepherd Lara D. , Knapp Ralf , Zhang Liang , Lu Ngan Thi , Fan Xue‐Ping , Wan Xia , Gao Xin‐Fen , He Hai , Zhang Li‐Bing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLycopodiaceae are one of the oldest lineages of any living vascular plants and contain about 400 species distributed on all continents except Antarctica, with its highest diversity in tropical regions. Previous studies on the morphology, anatomy, and molecular systematics of Lycopodiaceae have made substantial progress in understanding the diversity and evolution of the family, but major issues remain. In particular, earlier studies had relatively sparse taxon sampling, some critical relationships among the genera have not been well resolved, and the monophyly of some genera (e.g., Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Pseudolycopodiella, Spinulum) has not been robustly tested with large sampling. In this study, we apply maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference to a dataset of 1150 (918 newly generated) DNA sequences of seven plastid markers (atpA, psbA‐trnH, rbcL, rps4, rps4‐trnS, trnL, trnL‐F) of 334 accessions representing ca. 155 (ca. 39% of all) species in the family to infer a global phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) the tree is resolved into three primary clades corresponding to the three subfamilies, Huperzioideae, Lycopodioideae, and Lycopodielloideae; (2) these three primary clades are resolved into 17 major clades, of which 16 represent genera recognized in the PPG I classification, while Lycopodiella serpentina is resolved as sister to Palhinhaea, and thus a new genus, Brownseya, is described, and a key to genera of Lycopodielloideae is given; (3) Phylloglossum is strongly or moderately supported as sister to Phlegmariurus in ML and MP analyses (but not in BI analysis), and thus our evidence supports the recognition of Phlegmariurus in order to maintain a monophyletic Huperzia; (4) Lycopodiella is sister to Pseudolycopodiella and they together are sister to Lateristachys + (Brownseya + Palhinhaea); (5) Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Pseudolycopodiella, and Spinulum are each strongly supported as monophyletic; (6) spore morphology is well consistent with the phylogenetic relationships in the family; and (7) based on these results we recognize 17 genera in three subfamilies in the family.
Trade Patterns and International Technology Spillovers: Theory and Evidence from Japanese and European Patent Citations
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInternational diffusion of knowledge is important to both the speed of the world’s technology frontier expansion and income convergence across countries. For example, Eaton and Kortum (1996) estimate innovation and technology diffusion among 19 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries to test predictions from a quality ladders model of endogenous growth with patenting.
Vertical Versus Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) and international trade are two major channels of international diffusion of technological knowledge (Keller 2004,2010). While a number of empirical studies confirm significant spillover effects of knowledge through imports, the empirical findings on technology spillover effects through FDI are conflicting. In particular, there is relatively little evidence of spillovers of knowledge from inward FDI to the host country’s firms in the same industry. For example, Haskel et al. (2007) examine the situation in the United Kingdom and find significantly positive productivity spillovers from FDI.
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfter about a quarter century of countries having pursued deep regional integration through negotiating on deep regional trade agreements (RTAs), we observed a number of historical events that symbolize the curbing of the trend of globalization in 2016. On June 24, 2016, the people of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (EU) in a referendum. On November 8, 2016, Mr. Donald Trump, who proposed the “America First” policy and a number of protectionist policies, such as the withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the construction of a substantial wall on the United States–Mexico border, during his presidential campaign, won the US presidential election.
Immunology and Donor-Specific Antibodies in Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Major Joanna , Foroncewicz Bartosz , Szaflik Jacek Paweł , Mucha Krzysztof 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe first human corneal transplantation was performed in 1905 by Eduard Zirm in the Olomouc Eye Clinic, now Czech Republic. However, despite great advancements in microsurgical eye procedures, penetrating keratoplasty in high-risk patients (e.g., vascularized or inflamed corneal tissue, consecutive transplants) remains a challenge. The difficulty is mainly due to the risk of irreversible allograft rejection, as an ocular immune privilege in these patients is abolished and graft rejection is the main cause of corneal graft failure. Therefore, tailored immunosuppressive treatment based on immunological monitoring [e.g., donor-specific antibodies (DSA)] is considered one of the best strategies to prevent rejection in transplant recipients. Although there is indirect evidence on the mechanisms underlying antibody-mediated rejection, the impact of DSA on cornea transplantation remains unknown. Determining the role of pre-existing and/or de novo DSA could advance our understanding of corneal graft rejection mechanisms. This may help stratify the immunological risk of rejection, ultimately leading to personalized treatment for this group of transplant recipients.
Sestrin2 protects against lethal sepsis by suppressing the pyroptosis of dendritic cells
Authors: Wang Li-xue , Ren Chao , Yao Ren-qi , Luo Yi-nan , Yin Yue , Wu Yao , Dong Ning , Zhu Xiao-mei , Yao Yong-ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in the cellular response to various stresses and has been confirmed to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment. However, the potential effects of SESN2 in regulating dendritic cells (DCs) pyroptosis in the context of sepsis and the related mechanisms are poorly characterized. In this study, we found that SESN2 was capable of decreasing gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis of splenic DCs by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS)-related nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated ASC pyroptosome formation and caspase-1 (CASP-1) activation. Furthermore, SESN2 deficiency induced NLRP3/ASC/CASP-1-dependent pyroptosis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines by exacerbating the PERK–ATF4–CHOP signaling pathway, resulting in an increase in the mortality of septic mice, which was reversed by inhibiting ERS. These findings suggest that SESN2 appears to be essential for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation, reducing CASP-1-dependent pyroptosis, and improving sepsis outcomes through stabilization of the ER. The present study might have important implications for exploration of novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of sepsis complications.
How the earnings growth of US immigrants was underestimated
Authors: Duleep Harriet , Liu Xingfei , Regets Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo radically different descriptions of immigrant earnings trajectories in the USA have emerged. One asserts that immigrant men, following the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, have low initial earnings and high earnings growth. Another asserts that the post-1965 immigrants have low initial earnings and low earnings growth. We describe the methodological issues that create this divide and show that low earnings growth becomes high earnings growth when immigrants are followed from their initial years in the USA; earnings growth is allowed to vary with entry earnings; and—when following cohorts instead of individuals—sample restrictions commonly used by labor economists are avoided.
Center of pressure (COP) measurement in patients with confirmed successful outcomes following shoulder surgery show significant sensorimotor deficits
Authors: Ehmann Yannick J. , Berthold Daniel P. , Reuter Sven , Beitzel Knut , Köhler Robin , Stöcker Fabian , Muench Lukas N. , Pogorzelski Jonas , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Braun Sepp , Imhoff Andreas B. , Buchmann Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the sensorimotor and clinical function of patients with confirmed successful outcome after either undergoing acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) stabilization, Bankart repair (BR), or rotator cuff repair (RC), and to compare these measures to the contralateral, healthy side without history of previous injuries or surgeries of the upper extremity. It was hypothesized that patients of each interventional group would have inferior sensorimotor function of the shoulder joint compared to the contralateral, healthy side, while presenting with successful clinical and functional outcomes.

Methods
Three intervention groups including ten patients who had confirmed successful clinical and functional outcomes after either undergoing ACJ stabilization, BR, or RC were evaluated postoperatively at an average follow-up of 31.7 ± 11.6 months. Additionally, a healthy control group (CG) of ten patients was included. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Constant–Murley (CM) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Sensorimotor function was assessed by determining the center of pressure (COP) of the shoulder joint in a one-handed support task in supine position on a validated pressure plate.

Results
Each interventional group demonstrated excellent clinical outcome scores including the CM Score (ACJ 83.3 ± 11.8; BR 89.0 ± 10.3; RC 81.4 ± 8.8), ASES Score (ACJ 95.5 ± 7.0; BR 92.5 ± 9.6; RC 96.5 ± 5.2), and VAS (ACJ 0.5 ± 0.9; BR 0.5 ± 0.8; RC 0.5 ± 0.8). Overall, the CG showed no significant side-to-side difference in COP, whereas the ACJ-group and the BR-group demonstrated significantly increased COP compared to the healthy side (ACJ 103 cm vs. 98 cm, p = 0.049; BR: 116 cm vs. 102 cm, p = 0.006). The RC-group revealed no significant side-to-side difference (120 cm vs. 108 cm, n.s.).

Conclusion
Centre of pressure measurement detected sensorimotor functional deficits following surgical treatment of the shoulder joint in patients with confirmed successful clinical and functional outcomes. This may indicate that specific postoperative training and rehabilitation protocols should be established for patients who underwent surgery of the upper extremity. These results underline that sensorimotor training should be an important component of postoperative rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic activities to improve postoperative function and joint control.

Level of evidence
IV.