bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Required for Planned and Unplanned Episodes of Care in Septic and Aseptic Hip and Knee Revision Surgery
Authors: Hulsman Luci , Ziemba-Davis Mary , Hicks Shelly A. , Meneghini R. Michael , Buller Leonard T. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Surgical reimbursement rates are established by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Studies have indicated that revision hip (rTHA) and knee (rTKA) arthroplasties require significantly more work effort, but are reimbursed less than primary procedures. This study quantified planned and unplanned work performed for revision surgeries by the surgeon and/or the surgeon’s team during the episode of care “reimbursement window.” Quantification of time was performed separately for aseptic and septic (two-stage) revisions and compared to allowed reimbursement amounts.

Methods: All unilateral rTHA and rTKA procedures performed over a 10-year period by a single surgeon at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Time dedicated to planned work was calculated over each episode of care, from surgery scheduling to 90 days postoperatively. Impromptu patient inquiries and treatments after discharge, but within the episode of care, involving the surgeon/surgeon team constituted unplanned work. Planned and unplanned work minutes were summed and divided by the number of patients reviewed to obtain average minutes of work per patient.

Results: Calculations demonstrated average per patient work for aseptic rTKA exceeded the reimbursable amount by 31 minutes. Calculated average minutes of work per patient required for aseptic rTHA fell within the number of minutes approved for reimbursement. Average per patient work for septic rTKA and rTHA exceeded the reimbursable amounts by 331 and 166 minutes, respectively, equating to 2.8 to 5.5 hours of uncompensated time.

Conclusion: Revision hip and knee procedures are substantially more complex than primary procedures, with many surgeons referring patients to out-of-network care. Financially dis-incentivizing surgeons to care for these patients reduces patient access to care when high quality care is needed the most, especially infection cases susceptible to high sepsis and mortality rates. Study findings will be applied to advocacy efforts for appropriate legislative reform.
Effects of Alginate Encapsulation on the Vertebral Bone Adherent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Paracrine Secretome
Authors: Kedo Mahmood , Gil Chang-Hyun , Doiron Theresa , J. Miller Steven , P. Murphy Michael 
Published: December 2021

Background/Objectives: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are spindle-shaped multipotent stem cells that can be found in any vascularized organ especially bone marrow, adipose tissue, and cord blood. MSCs have pro-angiogenic and myogenic properties which have been proposed as a potential treatment for preventing limb amputations in patients with critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) due to peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetes mellitus. Allogeneic MSCs from a young healthy donor may decrease the risk of amputation by promoting angiogenesis and muscle regeneration. However, their potency may be limited by host immune reactions to allogeneic cells. Encapsulating MSCs in a hydrogel may help to protect transplanted MSCs from the immune system of the host. Additionally, encapsulation may enhance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors from MSCs. Some of the molecules involved in fighting inflammation and promoting angiogenesis include interleukin (IL)-10, IL-33, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1.

Methods. For the encapsulation group, MSCs were centrifuged in a 2% alginate solution through a needle and into a calcium chloride bath. Both unencapsulated and encapsulated MSCs were incubated for 48 hours in various conditions including normoxia, normoxia with high glucose (diabetic mimic), hypoxia, and hypoxia with high glucose. The media was then harvested and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (R&D Systems, MN) for IL-10, HGF, VEGF, and angiopoietin-1.

Results. No detectable levels of IL-10, HGF, or angiopoietin-1 were found in either cell media group. VEGF levels were significantly elevated in hypoxic high glucose conditions compared to normoxic and normoxic high glucose conditions within the unencapsulated group.

Discussion. These results demonstrate that hypoxic high glucose conditions duplicating ischemic diabetic muscle amplify MSC VEGF secretion. The next step is to run a VEGF ELISA on the encapsulated cell media group and compare those results to the unencapsulated cell media group.

WC: 300
Food Insecurity and Mental Health Outcomes among Low Income, Minority Cohorts during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kodukula Sai , Han Amy 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To examine the impact of the COVID-19 shutdowns on food insecurity and mental health outcomes among low income, minority communities in Northwest Indiana.

Methods:
Surveys were distributed to 160 households during the Northwest Indiana food bank distribution hours to assess food security mental health status. The survey assessed participant food security through questions adapted from the USDA food security survey module. Participant anxiety, depression, and stress scores were aggregated from questions adapted from the PHQ-4. A multiple logit regression model was utilized to estimate the risk associated with food security status and the surveyed variables. Anecdotal evidence was also collected to understand pandemic specific factors impacting participant food security.

Results:
Food insecurity was linked to significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression and stress. Those who identify to be food insecure have an 811 % increased risk of anxiety, 411% increased risk of depression, and 535% increased risk of stress compared to those who are food secure. In addition, a significant correlation exists between median household income and poor mental health. Anecdotal evidence identifies poor job security, food distributions, and support networks as exacerbating factors towards participant’s declining mental health.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlights the exacerbated impact the pandemic has had on the food security and mental health of vulnerable populations. In the light of these results and anecdotal feedback, public health measures must focus on getting increased funding towards local food banks to increase the frequency of mobile distribution markets coupled with direct subsidies to allow for food purchases, especially for those households with children. Given its impact on mental health, food insecurity status should regularly be screened by physicians access to the right resources must be provided for those screening as high risk.
Emilia: miradas del rol cultural de la mujer en la ciencia y su enseñanza
Authors: Sanabria Rojas Quira Alejandra 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta parte de los resultados de la fase cualitativa de la investigación “Rol cultural de la mujer en la ciencia y su enseñanza y diversidad cultural: el caso de las concepciones de profesoras formadoras de licenciados en ciencias” los cuales corresponden con el objetivo de caracterizar las concepciones del rol cultural de la mujer de la entrevistada como producto de la interpretación de las concepciones a través de la teorías implícitas, para ello se establecieron como categorías metodológicas las dimensiones teóricas: Historia Nacional de Colombia (HNC), Conocimiento ecocultural del rol de la mujer (CER) y Formación de profesores y Enseñanza de las ciencias (FP y EC). Concluyendo que el rol cultural de la entrevistada se caracteriza por mostrar tensiones entre las funciones sociales de maestra, mujer y madre cuando opera en escenarios políticos, económicos o escolares.
Data Driven Approach to Production / Injection Optimization in Oil & Gas field in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Badmaev Dorzhi , Saputelli Luigi , Mata Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Production and Injection rate target optimization plays an important role in waterflooded field management in order to ensure hydrocarbon recovery. In line with ADNOC Digital transformation and waterflood excellence initiatives CRM and Optimization technology has been progressed to maximize opportunities in oil recovery increase. The optimization means that producing well delivers a maximum amount of oil with minimal water production along with maintaining proper Voidage Replacement Ratio (VRR) to support reservoir pressure. To reach such goal, the optimization procedure needs to run multiple rate scenarios to calculate the objective function value. The conventional way is to perform multiple runs on simulation model, which can be very time-consuming. The data driven approach described in this paper suggests faster and convenient methodology to solve this problem.
The process applied to this approach consists of data preparation/ data cleansing stage, CRM (Capacitance Resistance Model) and optimization procedure based on the objective function with a penalty to imbalanced VRR at the pattern level. The CRM algorithm can calculate fraction of injection distributed from each injecting well to connected producing wells at any timestep. These calculated injection allocation factors are considered in the rate optimization procedure in order to define optimal injection and production rates along with balancing of VRR at the pattern level. The method also considers 3-phase flow across wells and reservoir intervals. The objective function calculates overall profit from oil production, costs for water and gas handling, and the penalty for the production injection difference at the producing well level. At the end, the output of this optimization process is to recommend production and injection rates targets for each well and short term forecast of the production based on fractional flow model.
The data driven approach shows quite good efficiency in terms of time and efforts, the injection allocation factors based on CRM model are comparatively same as it is calculated in streamline simulation model but with better granularity at the pattern level. The optimization procedure works quite fast, and the results have shown decrease of water production rate and increase of recovery factor due to maintaining VRR close to the target level.
The data driven approach described in the paper implements a new way to apply CRM in fields with waterflooding and gas injection with the enhancement of managing 3-phase flow. The in-house developed optimization function and its implementation is a novel approach in terms of practical application to the fields in Abu Dhabi area.
Artificial Lift Rigless Opportunity to Re-Activate the Inactive Wells Inventory an a Middle East Mega-Field After a Successful Pilot of a Best Practices and New Technology With Jet Pump
Authors: Guzman Rodrigo A. , Al Junaibi Tariq Abdulla , Abdulsallam Fouad , Hewala Mohamed Elmaghraby , Aguilar Hector , Utama Indra , Alnaqbi Maryam Mohammed , Abbasi Haris Shakeel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A Gulf oil operation company has been working to evaluate a rigless method of Artificial Lift System (ALS) suitable for its current assets and any future needs on ALS to minimize the impact of deferred production, and having the flexibility to bringing back the inactive string to production and act as a sustained production lift method.
This paper describes a comprehensive study of the main objectives for a rigless Artificial Lift trial. The Rigless Jet Pump system was selected as one of the ALS fast implementation methods to activate the inactive wells. The trial was conducted in two inactive wells; across two different mega-fields, enabling both wells to produce stably and continuously with an average production rate of 650 BOPD. A thorough assessment was performed and the Rigless Jet Pump System was declared as a successful pilot providing confidence to scale up across all the company fields. The scale-up plans it will include 10 systems that can be rotated and applied where needed across all company fields.
The trial implementation of the Rigless Jet Pump was evaluated based on supply and the connectivity in the field. This includes equipment mobilization (from the call-out time), availability of the field resources, the installation job, and up to the Surface Equipment connectivity plan. The evaluation also closely monitored the subsequence rig-up procedure and rigless deployment of the downhole equipment which was designed for installation straddled across an existing gas lift side pocket mandrel. Once surface and subsurface installation was completed, the wells were put on production to reactivate the inactive strings. Both wells were tested to confirm the achievement of a minimum of 80% of the designed production rates.
The performance of the rigless activation of inactive wells using a jet pump has been proven successful. Both wells showed promising results while jet pump operation confirming a profitable alternative to accelerate production across fields toward achieving production mandates. The performance of the system delivered the Efficiency and Safety (HSE & Integrity) expected as part of the project KPI's.
This novel practice for the Jet Pump System is linked to the rigless deployment and retrieval mechanism with topside equipment skid mounted for easy movement to other wells. This gives to the oil field operators an alternative and competitive edge over other modes of lift that required a workover program. The rigless method can be adapted to the existing in-active wells with SPM (side Pocket Mandrels) or without; by a tubing punch after a comprehensive integrity evaluation.
Minimum Structure for Well Appraisal in Marginal Fields at 35m Water Depth without Jacket & Mudline Suspension System
Authors: Chatterjee Prabir Kumar 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a minimum structure for drilling two appraisal wells. Conductors will be driven into seabed by a crane vessel or drilling-rig crane through a pre-installed lightweight guide-frame placed on seabed. After driving the conductors to required depth, the frame is raised and joined to the conductors at appropriate elevation by bolted and grouted connections. Six tie members connected between the frame and seabed by specially-designed small mat foundations will ensure stability of the structure against environmental loads. A small deck will be installed on the top of conductors to provide space for essential equipment required for prolonged well testing after departure of drilling rig. The platform will be accessed by small boats through a boat landing and ladder. In case of positive drilling outcome, a riser and flexible pipeline will be added to connect with the nearest subsea tie-in point. A detailed structural design of the minimum facility is performed to withstand omnidirectional environmental loads due to 10.0m high wave along with associated wind and current loads. Susceptibility of the structure against dynamic effect of wave loads is also investigated. Demonstration of structural adequacy against wave-induced fatigue loads and reserve strength against extreme environmental loads show the robustness of the minimum structure to perform against design environmental loads.
Digitally Distanced Inspection & Maintenance at Drilling Rigs : Applied Augmented Reality
Authors: Dash Deepak Kumar , Nair Dileep Chandran , Potluri Srinivas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For drilling contractors, the moment of truth is the operations at the site. If the technician at the site encounters a problem he can't solve, then everything stops. The team has to wait for a subject matter expert (SME) to arrive at the site to diagnose rectify the problem. Such process of SME mobilization and till that time Non-Productive Time (NPT) results in loss of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Hence the key challenge is converting the Sparse to Adequate availability of Right Knowledge at Right Time at Right Place, for the support of technicians.
This paper is focused on the approach of moving from Hand Held devices to Hands-Free environment at sites and connecting local/global support to site support systems, to reduce cost, improve HSE and enhance operational performance. The augmented reality technology-enabled, smart glass laced headsets are rugged, zone 1 certified, and are voice-operated which are better than smart tablets which were considered during Technology Qualification Process. Evaluation criteria were: 1. Availability and follow up of the digital work instruction while operating. Moreover, not missing a single step of work instruction while inspection or maintenance continues was noted carefully. 2. Reduced travel/accommodation cost : Normally at the time of shutdown, the rig crew contacts subject matter experts (SME) and (at times) in turn the SME contacts the OEM support team to mobilize service engineers globally. 3. Response time improvement-Availability of support by SME right at the time of need results from better response time to diagnose and fix the issue at hand. Call logging till final resolution process improvement is considered an important metric. Travel restrictions imposed by Covid-19, are also being addressed through the distanced inspection. A hands-free environment is compared vis a vis handheld device. Better training and knowledge transfer are achieved through better communication methods and this goes better with learning by doing. Subsequent text (NLP-speech to text) analysis is planned through deep learning models to derive related predictions. Sparse to Adequate availability of support to rig staff with Right Knowledge at Right Place at Right Time is the key outcome of this Proof of Value project.
Subsurface-to-Economics Closing the Loop on Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Shergill Galvin , Anton Adrian , Park Kwangwon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We are all aware that our future is uncertain. Although some aspects can be predicted with more certainty and others with less, essentially everything is uncertain. Uncertainty exists because of lack of data, lack of resources, and lack of understanding. We cannot measure everything, so there are always unknowns. Even measurements include measurement errors. Also, we do not always have enough resources to analyze the data obtained. In addition, we do not have a full understanding of how the world, or the universe, works (Park 2011).
Every day we find ourselves in situations where we must make many decisions, big or small. We tend to make the decisions based on a prediction, despite knowing that it is uncertain. For instance, imagine how many decisions are made by people every day based on the probability of it raining tomorrow (i.e., based on the weather forecast). To have a good basis for making a decision, it is of critical importance to correctly model the uncertainty in the forecast.
In the oil and gas industry, uncertainties are large and complex. Oil and gas fields have been developed and operated despite tremendous uncertainty in a variety of areas, including undiscovered media and unpredictable fluid in the subsurface, wells, unexpected facility and equipment costs, and economic, political, international, environmental, and many other risks.
Another important aspect of uncertainty modeling is the feasibility of verifying the uncertainty model with the actual results. For example, in the weather forecast it was announced that the probability of raining the next day was 20%. And the next day it rained. Do we say the forecast was wrong? Can we say the forecast was right? In order to make sure the uncertainty model is correct; we should strictly verify all the assumptions and follow the mathematically, statistically, proven-to-be-correct methodology to model the uncertainty (Caers et al. 2010; Caers 2011).
In this paper, we show an effective, rigorous method of modeling uncertainty in the expected performance of potential field development scenarios in the oil and gas field development planning given uncertainties in various domains from subsurface to economics. The application of this method is enabled by using technology as described in a later section.
Usage of Two-Sided Motors as a Part of the Simultaneous Separate Operation Technology
Authors: Uvarov Anton 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The technology of simultaneous, separate operation is a mandatory condition within the framework of Russian legislation for the production of oil and gas from multilayer reservoirs, which implies a share of a load of several pumps on different reservoirs. To reduce high additional equipment costs and metal consumption of the well, an assembly of two ESPs with one engine was developed. More than forty Russian wells were supplied with double ESP system motors. The project implementation enabled using separate simultaneous operations with more wells and developing reservoirs more accurately. It became possible to develop each reservoir by employing separated data from gauges connected to two reservoirs. The use of two side motors allows using such complicated technologies as separate simultaneous operations for even small and previously not economically achievable reservoirs. According to well inflow calculations, using the most suitable pump, the correct amount of liquid from each reservoir has been produced during these operations.
Using Advance Acid Fracturing Design to Increase the Production Efficiency in a HPHT Reservoir: A Success Story from Southern Mexico
Authors: Figueroa Frank , Mejías Gustavo , Frías José , Brito Bonifacio , Velázquez Diana , Ramírez Carmen , Téllez Fernanda , Briceño Juan , Salas José , Olivares Ángel , Olán Georgina , Flores Andrés , Arroyo Jesús , Busteed John , Hernández René , González Jorge 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Enhanced hydrocarbon production in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) carbonate reservoir, involves generating highly conductive channels using efficient diversion techniques and custom-designed acid-based fluid systems. Advanced stimulation design includes injection of different reactive fluids, which involves challenges associated with controlling fluid leak-off, implementing optimal diversion techniques, controlling acid reaction rates to withstand high-temperature conditions, and designing appropriate pumping schedules to increase well productivity and sustainability of its production through efficient acid etching and uniform fluid distribution in the pay zone.
Laboratory tests such as rock mineralogy, acid etching on core samples and solubility tests on formation cuttings were performed to confirm rock dissolving capability, and to identify stimulation fluids that could generate optimal fracture lengths and maximus etching in the zone of interest while corrosion test was run to ensure corrosion control at HT conditions. After analyzing laboratory tests results, acid fluid systems were selected together with a self-crosslinking acid system for its diversion properties. In addition, customized pumping schedule was constructed using acid fracturing and diverting simulators and based on optimal conductivity/productivity results fluid stages number and sequence, flow rates and acid volumes were selected.
The engineered acid treatment generated a network of conductive fractures that resulted in a significant improvement over initial production rate. Diverting agent efficiency was observed during pumping treatment by a 1,300 psi increase in surface pressures when the diverting agent entered the formation. Oil production increased from 648.7 to 3105.89 BPD, and gas production increased from 4.9 to 26.92 MMSCFD. This success results demonstrates that engineering design coupled with laboratory tailor fluids designs, integrated with a flawless execution, are the key to a successful stimulation. This paper describes the details of acidizing technique, treatment design and lessons learned during execution and results.