bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of originality under inbreeding: A case of life science labs in Japan
Authors: Shibayama Sotaro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProducing original knowledge is the foundation of scientific progress. Originality is associated with certain skills and practices that can be trained and socialised. This study investigates how inbreeding as a career practice influences the socialisation of originality. An analysis based on a sample of mid‐career life scientists in Japan finds that originality and associated practices are transferred to junior academics from their PhD supervisors, and that the inter‐generational transfer of the practices favourable for originality is reinforced when junior academics are inbred. Hence, if senior academics have orientation towards originality, inbred junior academics are likely to succeed the same orientation; whereas if supervisor lack orientation towards originality, inbred juniors also lack the orientation. Thus, inbreeding can be a double‐edged sword in developing originality.
Oseltamivir treatment of influenza A and B infections in infants
Authors: Mattila Janna‐Maija , Vuorinen Tytti , Waris Matti , Antikainen Petri , Heikkinen Terho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOseltamivir treatment is currently the only way of managing influenza in young infants for whom influenza vaccines are not licensed, but little data exist on the effectiveness of the treatment in this age group.MethodsIn a prospective study, we enrolled 431 newborn infants and followed them up for 10 months during their first respiratory season (September 2017‐June 2018). During each respiratory illness, we examined the infants and obtained nasopharyngeal specimens for determination of the viral etiology. Infants with influenza were re‐examined at short intervals, and additional nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained at each visit for measuring the viral load. All infants with symptoms <48 hours received oseltamivir treatment. The parents filled out daily symptom diaries.ResultsAmong 23 infants with influenza A, the mean total duration of illness in oseltamivir recipients was 82.1 hours, compared with 253.5 hours in infants without treatment (P = .0003). For infants with influenza B, the corresponding durations were 110.0 and 173.9 hours, respectively (P = .03). In infants with influenza A, total symptom scores were significantly lower in oseltamivir‐treated infants at all time points between days 3 and 11 after the onset of therapy. In most children with either influenza A or B, viral antigen concentrations declined rapidly within 1‐2 days after the initiation of oseltamivir treatment.ConclusionsOseltamivir treatment of infants with influenza rapidly decreased the viral load in nasopharyngeal secretions and shortened the duration and severity of symptoms. The clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir appeared to be greater against influenza A than against influenza B infections.
Seasonal impact on surgical site infections and wound healing disturbance in carpal tunnel surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Froschauer Stefan Mathias , Raher Wolfgang , Holzbauer Matthias , Brett Elizabeth , Kwasny Oskar , Duscher Dominik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment syndrome of a peripheral nerve. The gold standard treatment is open carpal tunnel release which has a high success rate, a low complication rate, and predictable postoperative results. However, it has not been analysed yet if there is a seasonal influence on complications for carpal tunnel release, a highly elective procedure. In this retrospective study, we determine whether there is a seasonal impact on surgical site infections (SSI) and wound healing disorders (WHD) in primary carpal tunnel syndrome surgery. Between 2014 and 2018, we have assessed 1385 patients (65% female, 35% male) at a mean age of 61.9 (SD 15.3) years, which underwent open carpal tunnel release because of primary carpal tunnel syndrome. The seasonal data such as the warm season (defined as the period from 1st of June until 15th of September), the average daily and monthly temperature, and the average relative humidity were analysed. Patient demographics were examined including body mass index, alcohol and nicotine abuse, the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs as well as comorbidities. These data were correlated regarding their influence to the rate of surgical site infections and wound healing disorders in our study collective. A postoperative SSI rate of 2.4% and a WHD rate of 7% were detected. Our data confirms the warm season, the average monthly temperature, and male sex as risk factors for increasing rates of WHDs. Serious SSIs with subsequent revision surgery could be correlated with higher age and higher relative humidity. However there is no seasonal impact on SSIs. We therefore advise considering the timing of this elective surgery with scheduling older male patients preferably during the cold season to prevent postoperative WHDs.
Caged‐in: Successful percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage with Watchman‐FLX in the presence of proximal thrombus
Authors: Briosa e Gala Andre , Pope Michael T. B. , Newton James D. , Dawkins Sam , Betts Timothy R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPercutaneous mechanical closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a valuable stroke prevention strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindication to oral anticoagulation. LAA thrombus is a common finding in patients with atrial fibrillation and frequently fails to resolve despite therapeutic anticoagulation. In this scenario, LAA occlusion device implant is generally discouraged due to the high risk of thrombus dislodgement and embolization; however, alternative management options are limited. We report the first case of a successful LAA occlusion device (Watchman‐FLX) implant in the presence of a proximal thrombus.
Galangin suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways
Authors: Li Xiucheng , Jiang Jiawei , Yang Zhifan , Jin Songtao , Lu Xuanyuan , Qian Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteoclasts play a critical role in osteoporosis; thus, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis is a therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis. Galangin, a natural bioflavonoid extracted from a traditional Chinese herb, possesses a variety of biological activities, including anti‐inflammation and anti‐oxidation. However, its effects on osteoporosis have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that galangin treatment dose‐dependently decreased osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs). Moreover, during osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast‐specific genes, such as tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CtsK), ATPase, H + transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2 (V‐ATPase d2) and dendritic cell–specific transmembrane protein (DC‐STAMP), were down‐regulated by galangin treatment. Furthermore, the results of the pit formation assay and F‐actin ring staining revealed impaired osteoclastic bone resorption in the galangin‐treated group compared with that in the control group. Additionally, galangin treatment also inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK of MAPK signalling pathway, as well as downstream factors of NFATc1, C‐Jun and C‐Fos. Consistent with our in vitro results, galangin suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced bone resorption via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that galangin is a promising natural compound for the treatment of osteoporosis and may be associated with the inhibition of MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways.
Nesfatin‐1 inhibits myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury through activating Akt/ERK pathway‐dependent attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Su Rui‐Ying , Geng Xiao‐Yong , Yang Yang , Yin Hong‐Shan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNesfatin‐1 (encoded by NUCB2) is a cardiac peptide possessing protective activities against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. However, the regulation of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying its roles in MI/R injury are not clear. Here, by investigating a mouse MI/R injury model developed with transient myocardial ischaemia followed by reperfusion, we found that the levels of NUCB2 transcript and nesfatin‐1 amount in the heart were both decreased, suggesting a transcriptional repression of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in response to MI/R injury. Moreover, cardiac nesfatin‐1 restoration reduced infarct size, troponin T (cTnT) level and myocardial apoptosis, supporting its cardioprotection against MI/R injury in vivo. Mechanistically, the Akt/ERK pathway was activated, and in contrast, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was attenuated by nesfatin‐1 following MI/R injury. In an in vitro system, similar results were obtained in nesfatin‐1‐treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. More importantly, the treatment of wortmannin, an inhibitor of Akt/ERK pathway, abrogated nesfatin‐1 effects on attenuating ER stress and H/R injury in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, nesfatin‐1‐mediated protection against H/R injury also vanished in the presence of tunicamycin (TM), an ER stress inducer. Lastly, Akt/ERK inhibition reversed nesfatin‐1 effects on mouse ER stress and MI/R injury in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 inhibits MI/R injury through attenuating ER stress, which relies on Akt/ERK pathway activation. Hence, our study provides a molecular basis for understanding how NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 reduces MI/R injury.
Umbilical cord‐derived MSC and hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively protected the brain in rat after acute intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Yip Hon‐Kan , Lin Kun‐Chen , Sung Pei‐Hsun , Chiang John Y. , Yin Tsung‐Cheng , Wu Re‐Wen , Chen Kuan‐Hung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that combined therapy with human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCDMSCs) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) was superior to either one on preserving neurological function and reducing brain haemorrhagic volume (BHV) in rat after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) induced by intracranial injection of collagenase. Adult male SD rats (n = 30) were equally divided into group 1 (sham‐operated control), group 2 (ICH), group 3 (ICH +HUCDMSCs/1.2 × 106 cells/intravenous injection at 3h and days 1 and 2 after ICH), group 4 (ICH +HBO/at 3 hours and days 1 and 2 after ICH) and group 5 (ICH +HUCDMSCs‐HBO), and killed by day 28 after ICH. By day 1, the neurological function was significantly impaired in groups 2‐5 than in group 1 (P < .001), but it did not differ among groups 2 to 5. By days 7, 14 and 28, the integrity of neurological function was highest in group 1, lowest in group 2 and significantly progressively improved from groups 3 to 5 (all P < .001). By day 28, the BHV was lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly lower in group 5 than in groups 3/4 (all P < .0001). The protein expressions of inflammation (HMGB1/TLR‐2/TLR‐4/MyD88/TRAF6/p‐NF‐κB/IFN‐γ/IL‐1ß/TNF‐α), oxidative stress/autophagy (NOX‐1/NOX‐2/oxidized protein/ratio of LC3B‐II/LC3B‐I) and apoptosis (cleaved‐capspase3/PARP), and cellular expressions of inflammation (CD14+, F4/80+) in brain tissues exhibited an identical pattern, whereas cellular levels of angiogenesis (CD31+/vWF+/small‐vessel number) and number of neurons (NeuN+) exhibited an opposite pattern of BHV among the groups (all P < .0001). These results indicate that combined HUCDMSC‐HBO therapy offered better outcomes after rat ICH.
Applications of nano‐materials in food packaging: A review
Authors: Adeyeye Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan , Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review assesses applications of nano‐materials in food packaging. The review also discusses the features and uses of major nano‐materials that are commonly used in food and food products packaging. Migration research, consumer safety issues, and public health concerns are also discussed. Nano‐materials particularly nanoparticles due to their mechanical, optical, catalytic, and antimicrobial properties could play a major role in food packaging. Nano‐materials like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoclay are currently major nano‐enabled food and food products packaging materials available in the market. Nano‐zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium are also available in the market but to a less extent. Nano‐materials could be as antimicrobial to control microbial growth as well as improving barrier properties of food packages to increase the shelf life and freshness of packaged food products. However, despite the advantages of nano‐materials in food packaging, there is growing concern about the safety and potential risks due to migration of nano‐particles from food and food products contact materials to fish and fish products. In conclusion, for breakthrough in the use of nano‐materials in food and food products packaging, consumer acceptance challenges, technologies of manufacturing, costs and the regulation need to be given right perspective.Practical ApplicationIn recent time, researches have directed at improving knowledge of composition, processing and packaging technologies of food and food products by both developed and developing countries. Food and food products are bio‐systems that undergo deterioration immediately after harvesting or slaughtering as the case may be. This requires special handling to prevent food spoilage through contamination. Quality of food and food products can only be maintained when processed and packaged in appropriate packaging materials. The use of nano‐materials in food and food products packaging is promising area to improve packaging functionality, however, the knowledge about particle migration and toxicity remains limited. It is therefore necessary that food and food products should be handled with utmost care by using good and appropriate packaging materials that are non‐toxic, safe and environmental friendly.
A comparison of intravenous methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone for the treatment of acute inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Schauer Cameron , Avery Victoria , Seleq Sam , Garg Paras , Wang Michael T M , Chieng Michael , Rowan Charlotte , Sekra Anurag , Lane Mark , Walmsley Russell 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimDespite widespread recommendations and use of intravenous corticosteroids (IVCS) for the treatment of acute flares of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, limited evidence exists comparing outcomes of the two most common regimens, intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and intravenous hydrocortisone (IVHC). IVHC has stronger mineralocorticoid effects compared with IVMP and may cause higher rates of hypokalemia. We aimed to determine differences in clinical outcomes including requirement for inpatient rescue therapy, bowel resection, and rates of hypokalemia.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study of all adult patients admitted with an acute flare of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the three tertiary hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand, where the protocol at each institution is either IVMP 60 mg daily or IVHC 100 mg four times daily. All patients requiring IVCS between 20 June 2016 and 30 June 2018 were included. The IVCS protocol was then changed at one hospital, where further data were collected for a further 12 months from 30 January 2019 until 30 December 2019.ResultsThere were 359 patients, including 129 (35.9%) patients receiving IVMP and 230 (64.1%) patients receiving IVHC. IVMP treatment was associated with a greater requirement for rescue therapy than IVHC (36.4% vs 19.6%, P = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64–4.75, P < 0.001), but also reduced rates of hypokalemia (55.8% vs 67.0%, P = 0.04; OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30–0.81, P = 0.005). There was no difference between treatment groups for the median length of admission (5 days, interquartile range [IQR] 3–8), median duration of IVCS treatment (3 days, IQR 2–5), or bowel resection within 30 days of admission (12.4% vs 11.7%; OR = 1.04).ConclusionFor the treatment of an acute flare of IBD, treatment with IVMP results in significantly more requirement for inpatient rescue biologic or cyclosporin. In addition, it causes statistically significant less hypokalemia than IVHC, although in practice differences are negligible.
Converging Educational Differences in Parents' Time Use in Developmental Child Care
Authors: Cha Yun , Park Hyunjoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines parents' time use in developmental child care by parental education and assesses whether the educational gap has widened or narrowed over the period of 2003–2017.BackgroundThe diverging trends in work hours between mothers with different levels of education since the early 2000s, along with the proliferation of the ideal of intensive parenting, suggest that education disparities in developmental child care time have likely converged, opposite to the widening trend before then.MethodUsing the 2003–2017 American Time Use Survey (N = 30,072), ordinary least squares regression models estimate minutes per day mothers and fathers with children under age 5 spend on developmental child care, after accounting for demographic characteristics, family income, and hours at work. The interaction terms between parental education and years estimate the trend in the educational gap.ResultsThe educational disparity in developmental child care has narrowed between 2003 and 2017 due to opposite trends at both ends of the educational spectrum: whereas time spent among parents with a bachelor's degree or higher has stalled, time spent among counterparts with high school or less education has continuously increased. For mothers, the converging trend is partly attributable to differential trends in hours at work by education.ConclusionIn contrast to the claim of diverging destinies, parents' time use in developmental child care is likely not contributing to diverging resources for children between more‐ and less‐educated parents.
Digital Workflow for Full‐Arch Immediate Implant Placement Using a Stackable Surgical Guide Fabricated Using SLM Technology
Authors: Yang Jing‐Wen , Liu Qi , Yue Zhao‐Guo , Hou Jian‐Xia , Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe failing dentition of partially edentulous individuals may be used as an initial reference for stackable restrictive surgical guides during full‐arch immediate implant placement. The stackable guide option derived from a digital workflow increases the predictability of the performance of bone reduction, immediate implant placement, and immediate loading of provisional implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses. The present paper aims to report a practical approach to design and produce a metal framework with occlusal rests to facilitate the use of a tooth‐supported surgical guide when full‐arch immediate implant placement is indicated in patients with failing dentition.
Cyclic alternating pattern in obstructive sleep apnea: A preliminary study
Authors: Gnoni Valentina , Drakatos Panagis , Higgins Sean , Duncan Iain , Wasserman Danielle , Kabiljo Renata , Mutti Carlotta , Halasz Peter , Goadsby Peter J. , Leschziner Guy D. , Rosenzweig Ivana 
Published: May 2021

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is linked to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and dementia. The precise nature of the association between respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea, cortical or subcortical arousals, and cognitive, autonomic and oxidative stress consequences remains incompletely elucidated. Previous studies have aimed to understand the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and arousal patterns, as defined by the cyclic alternating pattern, but results have been inconsistent, in part likely due to the presence of associated comorbidities. To better define this relationship, we analysed cyclic alternating patterns in patients with obstructive sleep apnea without any additional comorbidities. We identified 18 adult male, non‐obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea and no other comorbidities or medication history, who underwent whole‐night electroencephalography and polysomnography. Cyclic alternating pattern analysis was performed and verified by certified somnologists. Pairwise linear regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity and cyclic alternating pattern subtype A1, and a direct correlation with cyclic alternating pattern subtype A3. Cyclic alternating pattern subtypes A1 prevail in milder obstructive sleep apnea phenotype, whilst cyclic alternating pattern subtypes A2 and A3 overcome among moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea patients. The milder obstructive sleep apnea group also presented higher sleep efficiency, and increased percentages of non‐rapid eye movement stage 3 and rapid eye movement sleep, as well as longer cyclic alternating pattern sequences in N3, while severe obstructive sleep apnea patients spent more time in lighter sleep stages. These results imply/suggest a balance between cyclic alternating pattern’s adaptive and maladaptive arousal processes in obstructive sleep apnea of differing severities. In milder obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index < 20), sleep continuity may be reinforced by cyclic alternating pattern subtype A1, whereas in more severe obstructive sleep apnea, decompensation of these sleep‐stabilizing mechanisms may occur and more intrusive cyclic alternating pattern fluctuations disrupt sleep circuitry.
Mother–infant interactions and infant intake during breastfeeding versus bottle‐feeding expressed breast milk
Authors: Ventura Alison , Hupp Megan , Lavond Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBottle‐fed infants are at higher risk for rapid weight gain compared with breastfed infants. Few studies have attempted to disentangle effects of feeding mode, milk composition and relevant covariates on feeding interactions and outcomes. The objective of the present study was to compare effects of breastfeeding directly at the breast versus bottle‐feeding expressed breast milk on feeding interactions. Mothers with <6‐month‐old infants (n = 47) participated in two counterbalanced, feeding observations. Mothers breastfed their infants directly from the breast during one visit (breastcondition) and bottle‐fed their infants expressed breast milk during the other (bottlecondition). Masked raters later coded videos using the Nursing Child Assessment Parent–Child Interaction Feeding Scale. Infant intake was assessed. Mothers self‐reported sociodemographic characteristics, infant feeding patterns (i.e. percentage of daily feedings from bottles) and level of pressuring feeding style. Mother and infant behaviours were similar duringbreastandbottleconditions. Percent bottle‐feeding moderated effects of condition on intake (P = 0.032): greater percent bottle‐feeding predicted greater intake during thebottlecompared withbreastcondition. Effects of feeding mode were not moderated by parity or pressuring feeding style, but, regardless of condition, multiparous mothers fed their infants more than primiparous mothers (P = 0.028), and pressuring feeding style was positively associated with infant intake (P = 0.045). Findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that feeding mode directly impacts dyadic interaction for predominantly breastfeeding mothers and infants, but rather suggest between‐subject differences in feeding experiences and styles predict feeding outcomes for this population.