bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-rising Type II supernovae resembling supernova 1987A - II. A new analytical model to describe these events
Authors: Pumo M L , Cosentino S P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the aim of improving our knowledge on supernova (SN) 1987A-like objects and, more in general, on H-rich SNe, we have developed a new analytic model to describe their post-explosive evolution. The distinctive features of this model are the possibility to evaluate the emitted luminosity and the SN expansion velocity, taking into account the recombination of the ejected material, the heating effects due to the 56Ni decay in the computation of the recombination front position, and the presence of an outer thin shell not-homologously expanding. In this paper, we present the model and a comparison with observations of SN 1987A, showing that its bolometric light curve and expansion velocity are accurately reproduced by the model. We also investigate the modeling degeneration problem in H-rich SNe and the possibility to ‘standardize’ the subgroup of SN 1987A-like objects. Moreover we present new Ni-dependent relationships, based on our model, which link some features of the bolometric light curve of 1987A-like SNe (namely, the peak luminosity and its width) with the main physical properties of their progenitor at the explosion (i.e. the ejected mass, the explosion energy, the progenitor radius at the explosion, and the amount of 56Ni present in the ejecta), showing that such relations are in excellent agreement with observations of real SNe. From our model, we also deduce new scaling relations which may be used for estimating the main SN progenitor’s physical properties at the explosion, once only the photometric behaviour of the SN 1987A-like object is known.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Parenteral vs Oral Route of Vitamin B12 Supplementation for the Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sachdeva Meenakshi , Purohit Abhishek , Malik Meenakshi , Jain Lovely , Pradhan Pranita , Mathew Joseph L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Vitamin B12 deficiency in children is treated with either parenteral or oral supplementation. Although the efficacy of supplementation is reportedly comparable for the 2 routes in adults, there is limited data for children.

Objective
The objective of this review was to compare the efficacy and safety of parenteral vs oral B12 supplementation in children with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

Data Sources
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, four Clinical Trials Registries, and 2 gray literature databases, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the parenteral vs oral routes of administering B12 in children with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

Data Extraction
Among 6467 citations screened, there was only 1 eligible RCT, in which children with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia received 1 dose of 1000 µg parenterally before being randomized to either parenteral or oral therapy.

Data Analysis
After 3 months, the parenteral route resulted in higher B12 levels compared with the oral route (median [IQR]: 653 [459, 835] vs 506 [399, 726] pg/mL). The changes from baseline in vitamin B12 levels (median [IQR]: 600 [389, 775] vs 399 [313, 606] pg/mL, P = .016) and hemoglobin (2.7 [0.4, 4.6] vs 0.5 [−0.1, 1.2] g/dL, P = .001) were also significantly greater with the parenteral route. There was no data on safety. In terms of quality, the RCT was judged to be at “high risk of bias.”

Conclusion
Limited evidence from a single, methodologically weak RCT suggested that the parenteral route is more efficacious than the oral route. However, considering the limitations in quality and quantity of the available evidence, this should be interpreted with caution.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024526597.
Efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with concurrent proton pump inhibitors in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Zijie , Zhu Ziyu , Luo Mingpeng , Cao Yijia , Lin Xixi , Wu Qingliang , Wang Shenkangle , Wang Linbo , Zhou Jichun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The impact of concurrent proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer undergoing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) treatment is currently uncertain. Considerable divergence exists regarding the clinical studies. In this study, we aim to perform a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the influence of concomitant PPI use on the effectiveness and adverse effects of CDKIs in patients with breast cancer.

Methods
This study encompassed all pertinent clinical studies published up to the present, following the PRISMA guidelines. The study used hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) as a summary statistic and used fixed or random effects models for pooled estimation.

Results
This study incorporated 10 research articles involving 2993 participants. Among patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment with CDKIs, the simultaneous administration of PPIs was associated with a notable reduction in overall survival (HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.35-2.96). Nevertheless, no substantial correlation was observed between the simultaneous utilization of PPIs and the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.98-1.74). PFS did not change significantly when considering different drugs, treatment lines, or regions alone. Furthermore, the simultaneous administration of PPIs was found to result in a notable decrease in the incidence of grades 3/4 risk factors (OR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.46-0.85).

Conclusion
The concurrent administration of PPIs did not result in significant alterations in the risk of disease advancement among patients with breast cancer undergoing CDKIs treatment. The utilization of PPIs led to a decrease in the adverse effects linked to the administration of CDKIs.
Blocking mobile internet on smartphones improves sustained attention, mental health, and subjective well-being
Authors: Castelo Noah , Kushlev Kostadin , Ward Adrian F , Esterman Michael , Reiner Peter B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Smartphones enable people to access the online world from anywhere at any time. Despite the benefits of this technology, there is growing concern that smartphone use could adversely impact cognitive functioning and mental health. Correlational and anecdotal evidence suggests that these concerns may be well-founded, but causal evidence remains scarce. We conducted a month-long randomized controlled trial to investigate how removing constant access to the internet through smartphones might impact psychological functioning. We used a mobile phone application to block all mobile internet access from participants’ smartphones for 2 weeks and objectively track compliance. This intervention specifically targeted the feature that makes smartphones “smart” (mobile internet) while allowing participants to maintain mobile connection (through texts and calls) and nonmobile access to the internet (e.g. through desktop computers). The intervention improved mental health, subjective well-being, and objectively measured ability to sustain attention; 91% of participants improved on at least one of these outcomes. Mediation analyses suggest that these improvements can be partially explained by the intervention's impact on how people spent their time; when people did not have access to mobile internet, they spent more time socializing in person, exercising, and being in nature. These results provide causal evidence that blocking mobile internet can improve important psychological outcomes, and suggest that maintaining the status quo of constant connection to the internet may be detrimental to time use, cognitive functioning, and well-being.
Health Care Professionals’ Views of Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing a Fall Risk Screening Tool in Clinical and Public Health Settings
Authors: Frisendahl Nathalie , Karlsson Patrik , Sandlund Christina , Ek Stina , Franzén Erika , Boström Anne-Marie , Welmer Anna-Karin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The experiences of health care professionals using new screening tools in clinical and public health settings are crucial to the implementation process. However, further research is needed on their experiences with fall risk screening. This study utilized the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to explore health care professionals’ experiences with the First-time Injurious Falls (FIF) screening tool, aiming to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing the FIF tool in primary health care and public health settings.

METHODS
A qualitative study with 4 focus group interviews and 7 individual interviews was carried out, using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis. The study.
included 20 participants (13 females and 7 males), with a mean age of 39 years (range 24 to 54). The participants were working in the primary health care setting (8 physical therapists, 3 occupational therapists, 3 managers, 2 registered nurses, and 1 dietician) and in a public health project (1 physical therapist and 2 health educators).

RESULTS
The analysis resulted in 3 themes: “A valuable tool in clinical practice,” “How to get everyone onboard when implementing fall risk screening,” and “Applicable in many areas of health services but not in all” with 4 related subthemes “Quick and easy to use for all health care professionals,” “Simplifies assessment and creates a platform for discussion,” “Need for clear instructions and action list,” and “Should be incorporated into daily routines.”

CONCLUSION
The FIF tool was well-received by participants in practice as it was user-friendly and potentially effective in preventing falls. However, there is room for improvement, particularly in clarifying instructions to mitigate possible misinterpretations. The participants emphasized that implementation of a new screening tool requires favorable organizational conditions such as managerial support, that the tool is easily accessible, and the results are easy to document.

IMPACT
The FIF tool seems to be a valuable screening tool for predicting first-time injurious falls in older adults, suitable for use by various health care professionals.
Arbitration with Uninformed Consumers
Authors: Egan Mark , Matvos Gregor , Seru Amit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the impact of the arbitrator selection process on consumer outcomes. Using data from consumer arbitration cases in the securities industry over the past two decades, where we observe detailed information on case characteristics, the randomly generated list of potential arbitrators presented to both parties, the selected arbitrator, and case outcomes, we establish several motivating facts. These facts suggest that firms hold an informational advantage over consumers in selecting arbitrators, resulting in industry-friendly arbitration outcomes. We then develop and calibrate a quantitative model of arbitrator selection in which firms hold an informational advantage in selecting arbitrators. Arbitrators, who are compensated only if chosen, compete with each other to be selected. The model allows us to decompose the firms’ advantage into two components: the advantage of choosing pro-industry arbitrators from a given pool and the equilibrium pro-industry tilt in the arbitration pool that arises because of arbitrator competition. Selecting arbitrators without the input of firms and consumers would increase consumer awards by $60,000 on average relative to the current system. Forty percent of this effect arises because the pool of arbitrators skews pro-industry due to competition. Even an informed consumer cannot avoid this pro-industry equilibrium effect. Counterfactuals suggest that redesigning the arbitrator selection mechanism for the benefit of consumers hinges on whether consumers are informed. Policies intended to benefit consumers, such as increasing arbitrator compensation or giving parties more choice, would benefit informed consumers but hurt the uninformed.
Cardiac Arrest in Obstetric Patients Receiving Anesthetic Care: Results From the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Lucas DN , Kursumovic E , Cook TM , Kane AD , Armstrong RA , Plaat F , Soar J 
Published: February 2025

(Anaesthesia. 2024, 79, 514–523. doi:10.1111/anae.16204)
Cardiac arrest (CA) among pregnant women is not common, occurring between 2.78 per 100,000 patients and 1 in 12,000 hospitalizations. Effective management of such situations necessitates modifications to customary resuscitation procedures, like manual left uterine displacement and prompt cesarean delivery (CD), to improve likelihood of maternal survival. In the UK, anesthetic complications such as local anesthetic toxicity and high neuraxial blocks, are the primary reasons for obstetric CA occurring before delivery. On the other hand, in the United States, typical reasons are bleeding, cardiac complications, amniotic fluid embolism, and septicemia.
Preventing Maternal Cardiac Arrest: How Do We Reach the Next Level of Safety in Obstetric Anaesthesia?
Authors: Monks DT , Singh PM , Palanisamy A 
Published: February 2025

(Anaesthesia. 2024, 79, 461–464. doi:10.1111/anae.16230)
It is uncommon for maternal cardiac arrests (CA) to occur, leading to limited opportunities to learn from these unfortunate occurrences. The 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) organizers should be commended for adjusting their approach to incorporate instances of CA in obstetric patients receiving anesthesia, regardless of their location. The study conducted by Lucas and colleagues offers valuable findings on anesthetic care during childbirth to avoid rare yet severe occurrences. The results suggest that the primary reason for most maternal CAs in NAP7 was related to anesthetic management factors. This aligns with additional studies, like the CAPS research, that found comparable results regarding maternal CA from obstetric anesthesia.
Unlocking Maternal Health: Labour Epidurals and Severe Morbidity
Authors: Devroe S , Rex S , Lucas N 
Published: February 2025

(BMJ. 2024;385:q1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1053)
The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests using epidural analgesia (EA) for healthy pregnant women who desire pain relief during childbirth, taking into account personal preferences. Yet, a prevalent worry while obtaining consent is the potential adverse impacts of EA on the mother, the baby, or the delivery. Limited evidence is still available to handle these concerns. Kearns and colleagues researched to investigate the impact of EA on severe maternal morbidity (SMM). The results showed a notable correlation, as EA was connected to a 35% decrease in SMM, especially in women with a medical reason for using EA and those with preterm deliveries. These results have significant consequences for anesthetic care during childbirth and women’s health, underscoring the importance of additional research.
Saint Didacus, Fetal Death, and the Problem of Dual Loyalty
Authors: Posever N 
Published: February 2025

(N Engl J Med. 391;20. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2402783.)
One Christmas morning, an emergency call in labor and delivery marked the beginning of a deeply emotional and ethically complex situation for a physician. A woman, involved in a car accident and found to be intoxicated, had suffered a fetal demise at 20 weeks gestation. After counseling, she opted for an induction to deliver the stillborn fetus. As the labor progressed, the physician learned that the woman had other children at home and had been sober for several years. After the delivery, the physician helped with the care of the fetus and then made a required phone call to report the fetal death to the medical examiner, as per legal obligations in Massachusetts for any fetal death after 20 weeks. The cause of death was trauma from the car crash, exacerbated by alcohol use. This act of reporting, however, led to significant ethical dilemmas for the physician, who feared potential legal consequences for the mother.
Incidence of Shoulder Dystocia and Risk Factors for Recurrence in the Subsequent Pregnancy—A Historical Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Jeppegaard M , Larsen MH , Thams AB , Schmidt AB , Rasmussen SC , Krebs L 
Published: February 2025

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103(10):1975–1984. doi:10.1111/aogs.14784)
Shoulder dystocia (SD) is an unusual obstetric issue in which the front shoulder gets stuck behind the pubic bone following the delivery of the fetal head. It is associated with significant risks for both the newborn and the mother, such as brachial plexus injury, fractures, lack of oxygen, and excessive bleeding after childbirth. It occurs in 0.2% to 3% of cases and is usually described as an inability to deliver the shoulders using gentle traction, necessitating further actions. Maternal obesity, diabetes, macrosomia, labor induction, prolonged labor, and operative vaginal delivery are all risk factors for primary SD. The risk of recurrence varies from 1% to 25%, with previous SD and higher birth weight plays a significant role.
Risk Factors for the Increasing Incidence of Pregnancy-Associated Cancer in Sweden: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lundberg FE , Stensheim H , Ullenhag GJ , Sahlgren HM , Lindemann K , Fredriksson  , Johansson ALV 
Published: February 2025

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103(4):669–683. doi:10.1111/aogs.14677)
Pregnancy-related cancer, referred to as PAC, is cancer that is detected either during pregnancy or within 1 year after giving birth, with a frequency of around 1 in 1000 births. Diagnosing and treating cancer while pregnant is difficult because of the dangers it can pose to both the mother and the unborn baby, with limited options based on when the cancer is detected in the pregnancy. Cancers discovered after giving birth are affected by changes in the body from pregnancy. Still, they are easier to treat, and delays in diagnosis during pregnancy might lead to postpartum cases. Therefore, a thorough understanding of PAC necessitates detailed information on pregnant and new mothers.
Randomized Trial of Very Early Medication Abortion
Authors: Brandell K , Jar-Allah T , Reynolds-Wright J , Kallner HK , Hognert H , Gyllenberg F , Kaislasuo J , Tamang A , Tuladhar H , Boerma C , Schimanski K , Gibson G , Løkeland M , Teleman P , Bixo M , Kjaer MM , Kallfa E , Bring J , Heikinheimo O , Cameron S , Gemzell-Danielsson K ,   VEMA (Very Early Medication Abortion) Study Group
Published: February 2025

(N Engl J Med. 2024;391:1685–1695. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2401646)
The research examines how safe and effective medication abortion (MA) (using mifepristone and misoprostol) is at very early stages of pregnancy before confirming an intrauterine pregnancy with ultrasound. Although MA is a commonly accepted and successful option for abortion, there is not much information available about its use during gestational periods where pregnancies are not visible on ultrasound.
Adherence to Different Forms of Plant-Based Diets and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Danish National Birth Cohort: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hedegaard S , Nohr EA , Olsen SF , Halldorsson TI , Renault KM 
Published: February 2025

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103(6):1046–1053. doi:10.1111/aogs.14778)
There has been a notable increase in the popularity of plant-based diets, especially veganism, in Western cultures due to environmental concerns, ethics, and animal welfare. In Denmark, the prevalence of veganism rose from <1% in 2010 to 3% in 2022, with young adults (18 to 34 y) noting 7.4%. Seventy percent of vegetarians are women, indicating elevated numbers among pregnant women. Although plant-based diets are associated with lower mortality rates, research also points out the potential dangers of lacking essential nutrients in such restrictive eating patterns. Studies on these diets and their effects on birth outcomes show varied findings. Initial reviews did not report any regular negative impacts. However, recent research has shown a decrease in birth weight and an increase in small-for-gestational-age babies in vegan mothers, possibly because of differences in diet and insufficient nutrient information.
Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ahlqvist VH , Sjöqvist H , Dalman C , Karlsson H , Stephansson O , Johansson S , Magnusson C , Gardner RM , Lee BK 
Published: February 2025

(JAMA. 2024;331(14):1205–1214. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.3172)
The potential link between acetaminophen (paracetamol) use during pregnancy and increased risks of neurodevelopmental disorders in children, such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability, has been a major subject of concern. Confounding bias may play a role in existing findings. If such a link were found, it could significantly impact how fever and pain are managed during pregnancy.
Feasibility of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Performed by Trainees During Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Ortner CM , Sheikh M , Athar MW , Padilla C , Guo N , Carvalho B 
Published: February 2025

(Anesth Analg. 2024;139(2):332–338. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006747)
The number one cause of death in mothers is due to cardiovascular disorders. Focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) has been found to have benefits in maternal care. This studied aimed to see whether or not trainees would be able to successfully capture quality photos using FCU in order to help the medical team in decision-making during cesarean delivery (CD).
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) as Adjunct Treatment in Life Threatening Postpartum Hemorrhage: 14 Years’ Experience From a Single Norwegian Center
Authors: Stensæth KH , Carlsen MIS , Løvvik TS , Uleberg O , Brede JR , Søvik E 
Published: February 2025

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103:965–969. doi:10.1111/aogs.14767)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be a critical global health challenge, contributing to nearly 27% of maternal deaths worldwide and rising in prevalence within high-income countries. Traditional treatments, such as uterotonic medications, blood transfusions, and surgical interventions, are sometimes insufficient in controlling hemorrhage or preventing hysterectomy. Early recognition and timely treatment could potentially avert two-thirds of maternal deaths caused by hemorrhage. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is currently used as an adjunct therapy for noncompressible traumatic hemorrhage and has shown promising results in managing PPH. Initially introduced at St. Olav’s Hospital in 2008, REBOA was envisioned as a minimally invasive treatment to control life-threatening PPH while preserving the uterus.
Uterine Inversion
Authors: Pararajasingam SS , Tsen LC , Onwochei DN 
Published: February 2025

(BJA Educ. 2024;24(4):109e112. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2024.01.004. Epub February 2024.)
Uterine inversion (UI) is a serious condition where the uterus protrudes into the endometrial cavity and in more extreme cases, through the vaginal orifice. It can occur either during the puerperal (peripartum) periods of vaginal delivery (VD) or cesarean delivery, or nonpuerperal periods. The severity of UI is categorized into 4 grades, defined by which structures the uterus reaches during an inversion. This article focuses on the subset of puerperal UIs occurring after the third stage of VD. UI can lead to severe complications such as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to impaired uterine contraction and subsequent hemodynamic instability. Prompt recognition and management are crucial to prevent severe morbidity and mortality.