bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Hyperemesis Gravidarum Among Pregnant Women in Public Hospitals of Mekelle City, North Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Tefera Zenebe , Assefaw Mandefro , W/Selassie Mulugeta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, hyperemesis gravidarum affects 0.3 to 3.6% of pregnant women. The etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum is unclear. In Ethiopia, limited studies have been conducted on the determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum. Therefore this study is aim to identify the determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women in public hospitals of Mekelle city, North Ethiopia. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted from May to October 2019, with the ratio of 1:2(109 cases and 218 controls). Cases were women with hyperemesis gravidarum and controls were women who had no hyperemesis gravidarum. Cases were enrolled using consecutive sampling techniques and controls were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by interview using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Statistical significance was considered at p- 0.05, and the strength of association was assessed by odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Result: Being housewife (AOR=2.43; 95% CI; 1.27, 4.62), unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.58; 95% CI; 1.27, 5.24), had family history of hyperemesis gravidarum (AOR=3.85; 95% CI; 1.69, 8.75). H. pylori infection (AOR=3.50; 95% CI; 1.92, 6.39), high perceived stress (AOR=7.01; 95% CI; 2.56, 19.18) and being in the first and second trimester (AOR=6.01; 95% CI; 1.87, 19.26), and (AOR=4.73; 95% CI; 1.59, 14.00) were determinant of hyperemesis gravidarum. Conclusion and Recommendations: In this study; being a housewife, unplanned pregnancy, had a family history of hyperemesis gravidarum, H. pylori infection, high perceived stress, and being in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy were found to be the determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum. We recommend stress should be minimized through psychological support during follow up of pregnancy. Screening for H. Pylori should be taken as routine investigations for pregnant women who complain of nausea and vomiting.
A Bayesian Approach to Estimate Weights for GMPE Models in a Logic Tree
Authors: Bo Saran Srikanth , Keller Merlin , Gupta Abhinav , Senfaute Gloria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In current practice, the seismic hazard curves are generated by combining all possible choices for seismotectonic model (SM), earthquake magnitude recurrence models, and ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) models using logic trees. However, studies have shown that significant uncertainties exist in the evaluation of the seismic hazard, especially in low-to-moderate seismicity regions, such as Central \& Eastern United States and Europe, due to the scarcity of the recorded earthquake data and lack of precise knowledge concerning the earthquake generation and propagation mechanisms. Specifically, these uncertainties lead to conservatisms in the seismic hazard which poses a considerable risk for nuclear facilities. Designing or upgrading facilities with such conservative estimates of seismic hazard results in large capital costs. In standard probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) practices, the estimate of branch weights for the GMPE models is based on expert judgment and there is no holistic approach for estimating the weights under uncertainty. In this research, we focus on the GMPE part of the PSHA and we propose a statistical methodology that is based on Bayesian inference, to evaluate the GMPE model weights from a list of GMPE models in the logic tree. In this study, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach with Bayesian linear models (BLM) is employed to combine GMPE models and the performance of the BMA model is tested against European Strong-Motion (ESM) database. It is shown that the proposed methodology can calculate the weights at different time periods without any approximations using analytical formulas and it is computationally inexpensive.
Polycationic Silver Nanoclusters Comprising Nanoreservoirs of Ag+-Ions with High Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity
Authors: Haidari Hanif , Bright Richard , Kopecki Zlatko , Zilm Peter , Garg Sanjay , Cowin Allison , Vasilev Krasimir , Goswami Nirmal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Fanless, Porous graphene-copper composite heat sink for micro devices
Authors: Rho Hokyun , Jang Yea Sol , Bae Hyojung , Cha An-Na , Lee Sang Hyun , Ha Jun-Seok 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thermal management in devices directly affects their performance, but it is difficult to apply conventional cooling methods such as the use of cooling liquids or fans to micro devices owing to the small size of micro devices. In this study, we attempted to solve this problem by employing a heat sink fabricated using copper with porous structures consisting of single-layer graphene on the surface and graphene oxide inside the pores. The porous copper/single-layer graphene/graphene oxide composite (p-CuGrGO) had a porosity of approximately 35%, and the measured pore size was approximately 10 to 100 µm. The internal GO was reduced at a temperature of 1000 ℃. On observing the heat distribution in the structure using a thermal imaging camera, we could observe that the p-CuGrGO was conducting heat faster than the p-Cu, which was consistent with the simulation. Furthermore, the thermal resistance of p-CuGrGO was lower than those of the p-Cu and pure Cu. When the p-CuGrGO was fabricated into a heat sink to mount the light emitting diode (LED) chip, the measured temperature of the LED was 31.04 ℃, which was less than the temperature of the pure Cu of 40.8 ℃. After a week of being subjected to harsh conditions, p-CuGrGO observed 95.24% light intensity, but the light intensity of pure Cu decreased to 66.04%. The results of this study are expected to be applied to micro devices for their effective thermal management.
Chronic COVID-19 / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) following the first pandemic wave in Germany and biomarkers associated with symptom severity
Authors: Kedor Claudia , Freitag Helma , Meyer-Arndt Lil , Wittke Kirsten , Hanitsch Leif , Zoller Thomas , Steinbeis Fridolin , Milan Haffke , Rudolf Gordon , Heidecker Bettina , Bobbert Thomas , Spranger Joachim , Heidecke Harald , Volk Hans-Dieter , Skurk Carsten , Paul Friedemann , Behrends Uta , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Scheibenbogen Carmen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A subset of patients has long-lasting symptoms after mild to moderate COVID-19. In a prospective observational cohort study we analysed clinical and laboratory parameters in 42 patients (29 female/13 male, median age 36.5 years) with persistent moderate to severe fatigue and exertion intolerance six months following COVID-19 referred to as Chronic COVID-19 Syndrome (CCS). Most patients were moderately to severely impaired in daily live. 19 patients fulfilled the 2003 Canadian Consensus Criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome referred to as CFS/CCS. Hand grip strength (HGS) was diminished in most patients. Association of several biomarker with key symptoms of physical and mental fatigue and post exertional malaise indicate low level inflammation and hypoperfusion as potential pathomechanisms.
Nanoparticles derived from insect exoskeleton modulates NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation in cervical cancer cell line model
Authors: Chakraborty Rituparna , Bose Ujjal , Pawaskar Goutam Mohan , Rao Satish BS , raval Ritu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune evasion is an important hallmark of cancer progression and tumourigenesis. Among the cancer types, cervical cancer has very high global prevalence, severely affecting female reproductive health. Its preponderance is also observed in the Indian health sector. Results: The NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular complex regulates the innate immune activity and a variant gene of it has been significantly associated with cervical cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of our chitosan engineered nanoparticles (CSNP) and gallic acid conjugated chitosan (gCSNP), to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex in cervical cancer cell lines to explore their novel physicochemical properties. The encapsulation of gallic acid (GA) with chitosan was performed using ion gelation method. The CSNP and gCSNP nanoparticles ranged between 155 - 181 nm as determined by zeta sizer. The conjugations were validated by FTIR and XRD analysis. In the cervical cell line model, CSNP suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in contrast to gCSNP at higher doses. Conclusion: In contrast to gCSNP, the CSNP not only demonstrated inhibitory effect on the expression of genes coding for the NLRP3 inflammasome complex (signal 1 – priming) but also decreased relative expression of gene involved in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex (signal 2 – activation). Conjugation of gallic acid reversed the immunosuppressor mimicking action of CSNP in cervical cancer cell line. Future research can reveal the immunomodulatory mechanism of CSNP may have its translational significance as potential treatment strategies targeting immune evasion as an important hallmark of cancer.
Integrative Bioinformatic and Functional Analyses of Potential Genes in Female Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Xianghai , Wang Hanli , Chen Xingwu , Lv Tangfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the pathogenesis and prognostic biomarkers of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in female patients via a bioinformatic analysis and functional prediction of potential NSCLC-associated genes in females. Methods: Data for female patients with NSCLC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. The DAVID online database was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and STRING online software was used to perform protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Next, the plug-in (M-CODE) was used to screen the key DEGs; the Oncomine database was analysed for IL6, EGF and MMP9 expression in NSCLC tissues and normal lung tissues and the Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to perform prognostic analyses of key DEGs. Finally, RT-PCR was used to verify the expression of key DEG in NSCLC cells. Results: A total of 500 DEGs were screened, and the functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in cell proliferation, cell migration, and vasculature development regulation. The KEGG analysis showed that the pathways were primarily related to ECM-receptor interactions, protein digestion and absorption, and leukocyte transendothelial migration signalling. Three key DEGs were obtained by the PPI network analysis: IL6, EGF and MMP9. The expression of IL6 was low in NSCLC tissues, while that of EGF and MMP9 was high. IL6 and EGF may be biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of female patients with NSCLC. Compared with human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE), EGF and MMP-9 were high expressed in NSCLC cells. Conclusion: In female patients, IL6, EGF and MMP9 may be research targets for characterizing the pathogenesis of NSCLC, and IL6 and EGF may be biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of this cancer.
Dispatcher-assisted, compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not improve the outcomes of unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An observational study with component analysis of rescue breath combination and dispatcher-assisted instruction
Authors: Ito Yoshinori , Inaba Hideo , Ushimoto Tomoyuki , Morita Hideki , Murasaka Kenshi , Wato Yukihiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the effects of rescue breath and chest compression combinations in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) with and without dispatch-assisted CPR (DA) on the outcomes between unwitnessed and bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Design and Settings: This retrospective study analysed the prospectively collected data of 212,003 unwitnessed and 117,920 bystander-witnessed OHCA cases between 2014 and 2016 in Japan, with BCPR classification based on two clinical components (DA provision [with or without DA] and combination of breaths and compressions [standard or compression-only]).Main outcome measures: Neurologically favourable outcome at 1 monthResults: In univariate analysis, unwitnessed cases had no significant association of BCPR with the overall neurologically favourable outcome (provided vs not provided, 0.65% [686/106,152] vs 0.66% [694/105,851]) compared with bystander-witnessed cases (5.6% [3,538/62,814] vs 3.5% [1,911/55,106]). After BCPR classification by two clinical components, the outcome of unwitnessed cases was improved by standard BCPR with DA (0.88% [69/7,807], adjusted OR; 95% CI, 1.38; 1.05–1.81) and compression-only (1.04% [161/15,497], 1.49;1.23–1.80) and standard (1.18% [41/3,463], 1.71; 1.21–2.43) BCPR without DA, but not by compression-only BCPR with DA (0.52% [415/79,385], 0.88; 0.76–1.01). According to multivariable logistic regression analysis focusing on the two clinical components only in cases with BCPR, neurologically favourable outcomes were worse in DA provision (0.76; 0.60–0.97) but better in standard BCPR, (1.27; 1.01–1.60) without significant interaction (P = 0.16), in unwitnessed cases. In bystander-witnessed cases, DA provision was associated with better outcomes (1.27; 1.01–1.60), with significant interaction (P = 0.03).Conclusions: Compared with no BCPR, compression-only BCPR with DA does not improve the neurologically favourable outcomes, and standard BCPR without DA is ideal in unwitnessed OHCA cases. Education on standard CPR and chest compression-only CPR as an option should be maintained because numerous OHCA cases are not witnessed by bystanders.
Effect of a Precision Cryotherapy Device With Temperature- Adjustability on Mice With Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced Pruritus
Authors: Kwack Mi Hee , Lee Seongjin , jung Han Jin , Ha Gi Ung , Kim Gun-Ho , Lee Weon Ju 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is known to cause a significant adverse impact on the quality of life of patients. Reducing chronic itch that has a complex mechanism is one of the most important challenges in AD treatment.Objective: To evaluate the effect of a temperature-adjustable cryotherapy device on mice with lysophosphatidic acid-induced pruritus.Methods: A temperature and time-adjustable cryotherapy device was used for the treatment of lysophosphatidic acid-induced pruritus of mice in the following conditions: −5℃, 0℃, or 5℃ for 5 sec, 10 sec, or 20 sec. Expression of itch-related biomarkers before and after modulation of temperature was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry.Results: Expression of itch-related biomarkers was decreased after modulation of temperature. For gene expression, all were decreased at 5℃ for 10 sec and 20 sec, and at 0℃ for 5 sec, 10 sec, and 20 sec. For protein expression, all were decreased at 5℃ for 10 sec and 20 sec, and at 0℃ for 5 sec and 10 sec.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the pruritus-relieving effect of the temperature-adjustable device on mice. This may provide some evidence for future studies on patients with mild AD.
Nurses’ experiences of the causes of their lack of interest in working in psychiatric wards: a qualitative study
Authors: Rahmani Narges , Mohammadi Eesa , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:The shortage of psychiatric nurses is a major healthcare challenge. Lack of interest (LOI) is a significant factor contributing to the shortage of psychiatric nurses. Nonetheless, there are limited studies in this area. The present study was conducted to explore nurses’ experiences of the causes of their LOI in working in psychiatric wards.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in 2016–2019 using the content analysis approach. Participants were 27 nurses purposively recruited with maximum variation from the psychiatric wards of three referral hospitals in Iran. Data were collected via unstructured interviews and were concurrently analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman.Results:The causes of participants’ LOI in working in psychiatric wards were grouped into three main categories, namely inadequate professional skills for psychiatric care practice, negative public attitude towards psychiatric nurses, and concerns over patients.Conclusion: This study suggests that the causes of nurses’ LOI in working in psychiatric wards are not only personal, but also social and organizational. Findings help managers and authorities develop strategies to increase psychiatric nurses’ interest in working in psychiatric wards through improving their work conditions and professional knowledge and skills.
Green Anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na + (Algerian MMT): Synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism
Authors: Cherifi Badia Imene , Belbachir Mohammed , Rahmouni Abdelkader 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, the green polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out by a new method which consists in the use of clay called Maghnite-Na + as an ecological catalyst, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable by simple filtration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Maghnite-Na + is successfully obtained after cationic treatment (sodium) on raw Maghnite. It is an effective alternative to replace toxic catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) which are mostly used during the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) making the polymerization reaction less problematic for the environment. The synthesis reaction is less energetic by the use of recycled polyurethane as container for the reaction mixture and which is considered as a renewable material and a good thermal insulator which maintains the temperature at 0°C for 6h. The reaction in bulk is also preferred to avoid the use of a solvent and therefore to stay in the context of green chemistry. In these conditions, the structure of obtained polymer is established by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is also used to confirm the structure of PVAc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that it is thermally stable and it starts to degrade from 330°C while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that this polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg = 50°C). The composition in PVAc/maghnite-Na+ (7wt% of catalyst) is the most tensile resistant with a force of 182 N and a maximum stress of 73.16 MPa, the most flexible (E = 955 MPa) and the most ductile (εr = 768 %)
Surgery to Remove Adrenocortical Oncocytic Carcinoma from an Asian Male with Scoliosis
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Huang Kai , Wang Yehua , Liu Dan , Gu Xiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare type of adrenocortical carcinoma. Its clinical characteristics and biological behaviour need to be further evaluated after the accumulation of cases.Case presentation: We report a case of adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma in an Asian male with scoliosis. We performed an operation on this patient. Because the patient's scoliosis was limited during the operation and the tumor protruded into the chest, we decided to adopt open surgery in the supine position. During the operation, we found a tumor about 8 cm in diameter in the right adrenal region. There was local adhesion with the surrounding tissues. The surface blood vessels of the tumor were distended. After careful dissection and ligation of the blood vessels around the tumor, the adrenal tumor was completely dissociated and removed. The patient recovered well, and his hypertension was controlled after surgery. Pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma. Pathological features showed that the tumor cells were arranged in nests, with pathological mitosis, abundant cytoplasm, eosinophilia, and invasion of adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that Ki67 index was more than 15%. Conclusions: The incidence rate of eosinophilic adrenocortical carcinoma is very low. CT scans and other imaging examination methods are not specific. For larger adrenal tumors, the diagnosis of this disease should be considered. For patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma who have not yet metastasized, we can achieve sound treatment effects and reduce recurrence by removing the tumor, retroperitoneal fat around the tumor and locoregional lymph nodes.
Assessing the validity of a cross-platform retinal image segmentation tool in normal and diseased retina
Authors: Alex Varsha , Motevasseli Tahmineh , Freeman William , Jayamon Jefy A , Bartsch Dirk , Borooah Shyamanga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose-

To compare automated retinal image segmentation using cross-platform and proprietary software on images captured using Heidelberg HRA + OCT in normal and diseased eyes.
Methods-

Study of retinal layer segmentations of normal, intermediate dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (iAMD) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) eyes performed using Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT and automated OCT segmentation software Orion.
Results-

Orion was significantly better than Heidelberg in the segmentation of NFL and INL layers in normal eyes. Orion generated significantly better segmentation only for NFL in iAMD and for INL and OPL layers in DME eyes when compared to the ‘gold standard’ of manual segmentation. To understand where differences lay, we directly compared layer volumes between Orion and Heidelberg software. In normal eyes, all retinal layer volumes calculated by the two softwares were moderate-strongly correlated except OUTLY. In iAMD eyes, GCIPL, INL, ONL, INLY, TRV layer volumes were moderate-strongly correlated between softwares. In eyes with DME, all layer volume values were moderate-strongly correlated between softwares.
Conclusion

- Findings suggest that cross-platform Orion retinal layer segmentation software can be used reliably to study the retinal layers and compares well against manual segmentation and the commonly used proprietary software for normal eyes and in particular for diseased eyes.
Identification of Autophagy-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Targeted Therapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Dan Meng , Jin Hua , Zhang Xing , Yan Wenjing , Xia Qianqian , Shen Siyuan , Xie Shuqian , Cui Mengjing , Ding Bong , Gu Yun , Wang Shizhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
To rummage autophagy-related prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cervical cancer (CC).
Methods
The RNA-sequence and clinical information were from the TCGA and GTEx databases. We operated Cox regression to determine signatures related to overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) respectively. The diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness of prognostic biomarkers were further explored.
Results
We identified nine (VAMP7, MTMR14, ATG4D, KLHL24, TP73, NAMPT, CD46, HGS, ATG4C) and three risk signatures (SERPINA1, HSPB8, SUPT20H) with prognostic values for OS and RFS respectively. Six risk signatures (ATG4C、ATG4D、CD46、TP73、SERPINA1、HSPB8) were selected for qPCR. We screened five prognostic signatures(ATG4C, CD46, HSPB8, MTMR14, NAMPT) with diagnostic function through the GEO database. Correlation between our models and treatment targets certificated the prognostic score provided a reference for precision medicine.
Conclusions
We constructed OS and RFS prognostic models in CC. Autophagy-related risk signatures might serve as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.