bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double ryanodine receptor mutations confer higher diamide resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Huang Jing‐Mei , Sun Hao , He Lin‐Feng , Liu Chong , Ge Wen‐Chao , Ni Huan , Gao Cong‐Fen , Wu Shun‐Fan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraidae), is one of the most serious rice pests in China. Chlorantraniliprole was used extensively for C. suppressalis control over the past ten years, and some field populations have developed high resistance. In this study, we report the chlorantraniliprole resistance status of C. suppressalis in China and the resistance mechanism.RESULTSSignificant geographical variations of chlorantraniliprole susceptibility were observed among 28 C. suppressalis field populations in 2019–2020. The LC50 values varied from 2907.874 mg L−1 (XS19) to 1.524 mg L−1 (QW19). Most tested field populations collected from Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and Anhui provinces in 2020 showed a high level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR = 311.9–2060.1), whereas Jiangsu and Sichuan province populations remained susceptible. Analysis of RyR mutations showed that mutations of I4758M, Y4667D, Y4667C and Y4891F were present in resistant populations of C. suppressalis with different levels of chlorantraniliprole resistance. The frequency of the Y4667C mutation was correlated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in YY19 (RR = 702.6) and YY20 (RR = 1426.8) populations, with the homozygous mutation frequencies of 15.6% and 29.4%, respectively. High contributions of the I4758M and Y4667C double mutation to diamide resistance was demonstrated with CRISPR/Cas9‐modified D. melanogaster. Flies bearing the Y4667C mutation (I4758M and Y4667C double mutation in C. suppressalis) exhibited high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR = 172.1), and moderate resistance to cyantraniliprole (RR = 79.2) and tetra chlorantraniliprole (RR = 43.6), which were higher than that of single mutations.CONCLUSIONSChlorantraniliprole resistance in C. suppressalis is intensifying in China. RyR double mutations (i.e. I4758M and Y4667C) confer higher diamide resistance than single mutations.
Identification of C‐glycosyl flavones and O‐glycosyl flavones in five Dendrobium species by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem MS
Authors: Hu Li , Liang Zhiyun , Wang Yawen , Wei Gang , Huang Yue‐Chun 
Published: July 2021

RationaleFlavones are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and are the pharmacologically active ingredients of many medicinal plants, such as Dendrobium. With the increasing demand for medicinal Dendrobium, the identification of characteristic flavones that can serve as chemical markers for quality control is critical step for quality assurance and safety in the TCM industry.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MSn) was used to identify the chemical constituents in five types of Dendrobium: D. crystallinum, D. falconeri, D. strongylanthum, D. moniliforme, and D. gratiosissimum.ResultsA total of seventy‐six C‐glycosyl flavones and three O‐glycosyl flavones were identified, of which fifteen C‐glycosyl flavones were found in D. crystallinum, twenty four were found in D. falconeri, thirty were found in D. strongylanthum, seven were found in D. moniliforme (also called “Huangtongpi”, from Anhui, China), fifteen were found in D. moniliforme (also called “Zitongpi”, from Yunnan, China) and seventeen were found in D. gratiosissimum. Additionally, three flavone O‐glycosides were all found in D. strongylanthum.ConclusionsThe results of this study may be useful for the quality assessment and for the application of D. crystallinum, D. falconeri, D. strongylanthum, D. moniliforme, and D. gratiosissimum. This study provides comprehensive information for identification of flavones from other Chinese herbs.
New model for estimating geometric tortuosity of variably saturated porous media using 3D synchrotron microcomputed tomography imaging
Authors: Jarrar Zaher A. , Al‐Raoush Riyadh I. , Hannun Jamal A. , Alshibli Khalid A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTortuosity has a significant impact on flow and transport characteristics of porous media and plays a major role in many applications such as enhanced oil recovery, contaminant transport in aquifers, and fuel cells. Most analytical and theoretical models for determining tortuosity have been developed for ideal systems with assumptions that might not be representative of natural porous media. In this paper, geometric tortuosity was directly determined from three‐dimensional (3D) tomography images of natural unconsolidated sand packs with a wide range of porosity, saturation, grain size distribution, and morphology. One hundred and thirty natural unconsolidated sand packs were imaged using 3D monochromatic and pink‐beam synchrotron microcomputed tomography imaging. Geometric tortuosity was directly determined from the 3D images using the centroids of the connected paths in the flow direction of the media, and multivariate nonlinear regression analysis was adopted to develop a simple practical model to predict tortuosity of variably saturated natural unconsolidated porous media. Wetting phase saturation was found to provide a good estimate of relative tortuosity with an value of .93, even with a porosity variation between 0.3 and 0.5 of the porous media systems. The proposed regression model was compared to theoretical and analytical models available in the literature and was found to provide better estimates of geometric tortuosity with an value of .9 and a RMSE value of 0.117.
Prolonged hypo‐salinity to control Neobenedenia spp. monogenean infection in large display aquaria
Authors: Boylan Shane Matthew , Daniel Whitney , Matthews Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe majority of public aquaria have at least one very large tank (>370,000 liters, 100,000 gallons) as part of their collection. The large water volumes can make treatment difficult when pathogens escape quarantine or cross contamination occurs. The cost and methods of dispersion of chemotherapeutics to control infectious agents (bacterial, protozoal, or metazoan) can be prohibitive in large volumes. Currently there are few treatments for stenohaline monogeneans in large aquaria that are efficacious, safe, and affordable. This case demonstrates the safety and efficacy of a decade long use of prolonged hyposalinity that replaced the repeated use of copper and organophosphate treatments to control a Neobenedenia spp. monogenean infestation. The use of prolonged 20 ppt saline water is safe for a list of species traditionally listed as stenohaline which makes altering salinity a useful tool in treating parasites with restricted saline tolerances.
Effects of GnRH agonists on testosterone and testosterone‐stimulated parameters for contraception and aggression reduction in male lion‐tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus)
Authors: Penfold Linda M. , Norton Terry , Asa Cheryl S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManaging social groups in zoos requires controlling reproduction in individuals that do not have a current breeding recommendation, while simultaneously maintaining social harmony and animal well‐being. Contraceptives, such as gonadotropin releasing‐hormone (GnRH) agonists, that suppress testosterone production, offer a potential solution. They achieve infertility by interrupting spermatogenesis and may ameliorate androgen‐induced aggression. This study investigated the effects of two GnRH agonists, histrelin and deslorelin, on testosterone, testis size, body weight and sperm production in male lion‐tailed macaques, along with subjective observations of aggressive behavior. Five trials at three institutions with 14 males demonstrated that 100 mg histrelin or 9 to 12 mg of deslorelin could at least temporarily reduce testosterone, but a lower 6 mg dose was ineffective. However, ability of deslorelin to produce azoospermia varied among males, even at the highest dose. In general, a higher dose was needed (1) to achieve than to maintain suppression of any measured parameter and (2) to suppress sperm production than testosterone concentration. Testosterone production was also more likely than sperm production to recover, suggesting possible damage to seminiferous tubules but not to Leydig cells. Aggressive behavior was reduced in all but the group receiving the lowest dose. This allowed social groups to be maintained for many years despite recovery of testosterone in some males, suggesting that new social roles had been learned and become independent of androgen influence.
Supersymmetric solitons and a degeneracy of solutions in AdS/CFT
Authors: Anabalón Andrés , Ross Simon F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study Lorentzian supersymmetric configurations in D = 4 and D = 5 gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity. We show that there are smooth 1/2 BPS solutions which are asymptotically AdS4 and AdS5 with a planar boundary, a compact spacelike direction and with a Wilson line on that circle. There are solitons where the S1 shrinks smoothly to zero in the interior, with a magnetic flux through the circle determined by the Wilson line, which are AdS analogues of the Melvin fluxtube. There is also a solution with a constant gauge field, which is pure AdS. Both solutions preserve half of the supersymmetries at a special value of the Wilson line. There is a phase transition between these two saddle-points as a function of the Wilson line precisely at the supersymmetric point. Thus, the supersymmetric solutions are degenerate, at least at the supergravity level. We extend this discussion to one of the Romans solutions in four dimensions when the Euclidean boundary is S1× Σg where Σg is a Riemann surface with genus g > 0. We speculate that the supersymmetric state of the CFT on the boundary is dual to a superposition of the two degenerate geometries.
Decimation of Delta-Sigma-Modulated Signals Using a Low-Cost Microcontroller
Authors: Fishta Markeljan , Fiori Franco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract$$\varDelta \varSigma $$

Δ
Σ

analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are largely used in sensor acquisition applications. In the last few years, standalone $$\varDelta \varSigma $$

Δ
Σ

modulators have become increasingly available as off-the-shelf parts. To build a complete ADC, a standalone modulator has to be paired with some advanced elaboration unit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a digital signal processor (DSP), which is needed for the implementation of the decimation filter. This work investigates the use of low-cost, general-purpose microcontrollers for the decimation of $$\varDelta \varSigma $$

Δ
Σ

-modulated signals. The main challenge is given by the clock frequency of the modulator, which can be in the range of a few $$\hbox {MHz}$$
MHz
. The proposed technique deals with this limitation by employing two serial peripheral interface (SPI) modules in a time-interleaved configuration. This approach allows for continuous acquisition and elaboration of relatively high-speed, digital signals. The technique has been applied to a case study, and a data conversion system has been practically realized. The performance of the proposed filter is compared to that of a digital filter, present on board a commercial microcontroller, and the results of experimental tests are provided.
Onlinepsychotherapie in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Beck-Hiestermann Franziska Marie Lea , Kästner Denise , Gumz Antje 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungTheoretischer HintergrundIn Reaktion auf die durch die „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) verursachte Pandemie konnte Psychotherapie im Einzelsetting in Deutschland unbegrenzt online durchgeführt werden. Haltungen und Erfahrungen von Psychotherapeuten (PT) bezüglich Onlinetherapie (OT) wurden jedoch allgemein und besonders mit Blick auf die Pandemiesituation bislang wenig untersucht.Ziel der ArbeitZiele der Studie waren, 1) die Nutzungshäufigkeit von OT während des ersten Lockdowns, 2) die Zufriedenheit mit OT vs. „Face-to-face“-Therapie sowie 3) die Technologieakzeptanz und -erfahrung insgesamt und in Abhängigkeit vom Richtlinienverfahren zu untersuchen.Material und MethodeDeutsche PT (approbiert und in Ausbildung; verhaltenstherapeutisch [VT, 45,6 %], tiefenpsychologisch [TP, 34,5 %], analytisch [AP, 14 %], systemisch [SYS, 5,8 %]) wurden mithilfe einer Onlineerhebung zu demografischen und therapeutischen Daten, durchgeführter OT, Zufriedenheit mit OT vs. Face-to-face-Therapie (Zufriedenheitsfragebogens für Therapeuten, ZUF-THERA) und Technologieakzeptanz (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 Questionnaire, UTAUT) befragt.ErgebnisseDie 174 teilnehmenden Therapeuten (Alter M = 44,73 Jahre, SD ± 12,79; 81,6 % Frauen) gaben an, dass der durchschnittliche Anteil von OT an der gesamten therapeutischen Tätigkeit während des Lockdowns 43,09 % betrug, wobei sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Richtlinienverfahren zeigten (TP, VT > AP). Die Zufriedenheit mit OT erwies sich als signifikant niedriger als mit Face-to-face-Therapien und unterschied sich zwischen den Verfahren nicht. Vorerfahrungen mit OT hatten insgesamt 23,6 % der Therapeuten und vermehrt systemisch arbeitende im Vergleich zu VT- oder AP-Therapeuten. Verhaltenstherapeuten gaben häufiger an, Spaß an der OT zu haben, als TP- und APler. Auch nahmen sie einen stärkeren sozialen Einfluss (beispielsweise durch Kollegen) bei der Nutzung von OT wahr als die TPler.SchlussfolgerungDie Nutzungshäufigkeit von OT nahm während des ersten Lockdowns (März bis Mai 2020) sprunghaft zu (43 %, zum Vergleich das frühere Abrechnungslimit der Krankenkassen: 20 %). Die Zufriedenheit mit der OT war prinzipiell hoch, jedoch signifikant niedriger als mit Face-to-face-Therapien. Weiterführende Untersuchungen, die die Gründe im Detail analysieren, werden dringend angeraten.
Some properties of the unified skew-normal distribution
Authors: Arellano-Valle Reinaldo B. , Azzalini Adelchi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the family of multivariate probability distributions variously denoted as unified skew-normal, closed skew-normal and other names, a number of properties are already known, but many others are not, even some basic ones. The present contribution aims at filling some of the missing gaps. Specifically, the moments up to the fourth order are obtained, and from here the expressions of the Mardia’s measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis. Other results concern the property of log-concavity of the distribution, closure with respect to conditioning on intervals, and a possible alternative parameterization.
Increased susceptibility of human endothelial cells to infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Wagner Julian U. G. , Bojkova Denisa , Shumliakivska Mariana , Luxán Guillermo , Nicin Luka , Aslan Galip S. , Milting Hendrik , Kandler Joshua D. , Dendorfer Andreas , Heumueller Andreas W. , Fleming Ingrid , Bibli Sofia-Iris , Jakobi Tobias , Dieterich Christoph , Zeiher Andreas M. , Ciesek Sandra , Cinatl Jindrich , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spawned a global health crisis in late 2019 and is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction associated with higher risk of mortality. It is unclear whether endothelial dysfunction is caused by direct infection of endothelial cells or is mainly secondary to inflammation. Here, we investigate whether different types of endothelial cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Human endothelial cells from different vascular beds including umbilical vein endothelial cells, coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), cardiac and lung microvascular endothelial cells, or pulmonary arterial cells were inoculated in vitro with SARS-CoV-2. Viral spike protein was only detected in HCAECs after SARS-CoV-2 infection but not in the other endothelial cells tested. Consistently, only HCAEC expressed the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), required for virus infection. Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.2 resulted in significantly higher levels of viral spike protein. Despite this, no intracellular double-stranded viral RNA was detected and the supernatant did not contain infectious virus. Analysis of the cellular distribution of the spike protein revealed that it co-localized with endosomal calnexin. SARS-CoV-2 infection did induce the ER stress gene EDEM1, which is responsible for clearance of misfolded proteins from the ER. Whereas the wild type of SARS-CoV-2 did not induce cytotoxic or pro-inflammatory effects, the variant B.1.1.7 reduced the HCAEC cell number. Of the different tested endothelial cells, HCAECs showed highest viral uptake but did not promote virus replication. Effects on cell number were only observed after infection with the variant B.1.1.7, suggesting that endothelial protection may be particularly important in patients infected with this variant.
Vorbereitung auf eine differenzierte Hämotherapie nach Trauma – Ergebnisse einer Befragung deutscher Kliniken
Authors: Jänig C. , Schmidbauer W. , Willms A. G. , Maegele M. , Matthes G. , Grübl T. , Jaekel C. , Kollig E. , Bieler D. ,   Sektion Notfall‑, Intensivmedizin und Schwerverletztenversorgung der DGU (Sektion NIS)
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie unkontrollierte Blutung ist weiterhin eine führende potenziell vermeidbare Todesursache im Rahmen schwerer Verletzungen.Ziel der ArbeitDie vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, die Vorbereitung für eine differenzierte Hämotherapie im Rahmen der Schwerstverletztenbehandlung in Kliniken verschiedener Versorgungsstufen innerhalb der Struktur des TraumaNetzwerks der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU)® zu evaluieren.Material und MethodenAnhand einer Online-Umfrage wurden gezielt Diagnose- und Therapiestrategien sowie vorhandene Ressourcen innerhalb der Kliniken erfragt. Im Rahmen einer Subgruppenanalyse sollte festgestellt werden, ob es Unterschiede in Bezug auf infrastrukturelle Voraussetzungen und diagnostisches bzw. therapeutisches Vorgehen innerhalb der Versorgungsstufen des TraumaNetzwerks DGU® gibt.ErgebnisseMassivtransfusionsprotokolle (MTP) bestehen in 75 % der Kliniken. Die Aktivierung erfolgt i. d. R. durch den Trauma-Leader (62 %). In 63 % erfolgt die Aktivierung aufgrund einer Anforderung aus der Präklinik. Als Transfusionstrigger werden ein positives FAST (80 %) und ein Pulsdruck < 45 mm Hg (60 %) angegeben. In 50 % der Kliniken existiert kein starres Transfusionsverhältnis der einzelnen Blutkomponenten. Überregionale Traumazentren (ÜTZ) bekommen im Vergleich zu regionalen Traumazentren (RTZ) und lokalen Traumazentren (LTZ) angeforderte Blutprodukte frühzeitiger (p 0,025).DiskussionDer massive Blutverlust ist ein seltenes Ereignis, welches mit einer hohen Letalität vergesellschaftet sein kann. MTP bilden die Grundlage für eine frühe Therapie der traumainduzierten Koagulopathie und tragen zur Verbesserung der Überlebenschancen der Patienten bei. Es existiert ein deutlicher Unterschied in den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in den einzelnen Versorgungsebenen. ÜTZ verfügen mehrheitlich über die umfangreichsten Optionen, gefolgt von RTZ und LTZ.
Association between plasmatic oxidative stress and thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Vaz Camila O. , Mazetto Bruna M , Vasconcelos Pedro Eduardo N. S. , Bastos Larissa B. , Cursino Maria Aparecida , Quintanilha Júlia Coelho França , Mesquita Gabriela Lisiane Tripiquia Vechiatt , Santos Ana Paula R. , Jacintho Bruna Cardoso , Oliveira José Diogo , Annichino-Bizzachi Joyce , Orsi Fernanda A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibodies induce a pro-inflammatory and hypercoagulable state that lead to increased risk of thrombosis. Whether oxidative damage contributes thrombosis risk is a matter of debate. We evaluated the association between oxidative stress and thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (t-PAPS). Plasma total antioxidant capacity and the levels of malondialdehyde (TBARs), carbonyl protein, and 8-isoprostane in plasma were determined in a group of patients with t-PAPS and in individuals without a history of thrombosis (controls) using commercial ELISA assays. The levels of these plasma markers of oxidative stress were compared between t-PAPS and controls using Mann–Whitney test. A total of 70 patients with t-PAPS and 74 controls were included. Overall, measurements of all plasma oxidative stress markers were similar between t-PAPS patients and controls. In a subgroup analysis, patients with t-PAPS and arterial thrombosis had a higher antioxidant capacity as compared to controls. Thrombotic PAPS was not associated with increased levels of oxidative stress markers, in comparison with individuals without thrombosis. Even though it is not possible to rule out that a mild oxidative damage, not detected by plasma markers, occurs in t-PAPS, our results suggest that measuring plasma oxidative stress markers has limited clinical relevance in t-PAPS.
Can Local Comparative Judgements Justify Moderate Perfectionism?
Authors: Kugelberg Henrik D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA common objection to political liberalism is that since reasonable citizens agree that some ways of life are worse than others – for instance that the life of a drug addict is less worthwhile than the life of a person who spends her time with family and philosophy – political liberals must concede that the state can sometimes permissibly use perfectionist reasons. I argue in this paper that this challenge is mistaken, because the comparison only tells us something about relative, not absolute, value. And because the real question concerns what the right justificatory constituency looks like, not what counts as reasonable in some other sense, the implication is that perfectionists and political liberals could construct equally plausible idealised constituencies. This stalemate gives us reason to develop arguments in favour of our preferred justificatory constituency. We cannot view local comparative judgements in isolation.
A new lineage of mazaediate fungi in the Eurotiomycetes: Cryptocaliciomycetidae subclass. nov., based on the new species Cryptocalicium blascoi and the revision of the ascoma evolution
Authors: Prieto M. , Etayo Javier , Olariaga I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe class Eurotiomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) comprises important fungi used for medical, agricultural, industrial and scientific purposes. Eurotiomycetes is a morphologically and ecologically diverse monophyletic group. Within the Eurotiomycetes, different ascoma morphologies are found including cleistothecia and perithecia but also apothecia or stromatic forms. Mazaediate representatives (with a distinct structure in which loose masses of ascospores accumulate to be passively disseminated) have evolved independently several times. Here we describe a new mazaediate species belonging to the Eurotiomycetes. The multigene phylogeny produced (7 gene regions: nuLSU, nuSSU, 5.8S nuITS, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2 and MCM7) placed the new species in a lineage sister to Eurotiomycetidae. Based on the evolutionary relationships and morphology, a new subclass, a new order, family and genus are described to place the new species: Cryptocalicium blascoi. This calicioid species occurs on the inner side of loose bark strips of Cupressaceae (Cupressus, Juniperus). Morphologically, C. blascoi is characterized by having minute apothecioid stalked ascomata producing mazaedia, clavate bitunicate asci with hemiamyloid reaction, presence of hamathecium and an apothecial external surface with dark violet granules that becomes turquoise green in KOH. The ancestral state reconstruction analyses support a common ancestor with open ascomata for all deep nodes in Eurotiomycetes and the evolution of closed ascomata (cleistothecioid in Eurotiomycetidae and perithecioid in Chaetothyriomycetidae) from apothecioid ancestors. The appropriateness of the description of a new subclass for this fungus is also discussed.