bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and mechanical characteristics of composite briquette from coal and pretreated wood fines
Authors: Adeleke Adekunle , Odusote Jamiu , Ikubanni Peter , Lasode Olumuyiwa , Malathi Madhurai , Pasawan Dayanand 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMelina wood torrefied at 260 °C for 60 min was agglomerated with lean grade coal fines into composite briquettes using pitch as binder. Torrefied biomass (3%–20%) and coal fines (80%–97%) were blended together to produce the composite briquettes under a hydraulic press (28 MPa). The briquettes were cured at 300 °C. Density, water resistance, drop to fracture, impact resistance, and cold crushing strength were evaluated for the composite briquettes. The proximate, ultimate, and calorific value analyses were carried out according to different ASTM standards. Microstructural studies were carried out using scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalyzer equipped with energy dispersive x-ray. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used to obtain the functional groups in the raw materials and briquettes. The density of the composite briquettes ranged from 0.92 to 1.31 g/cm3 after curing. Briquettes with < 10% torrefied biomass has good water resistance index (> 95%). The highest cold crushing strength of 4 MPa was obtained for briquettes produced from 97% coal fines and 3% torrefied biomass. The highest drop to fracture (54 times/2 m) and impact resistance index (1350) were obtained for the sample produced from 97% coal and 3% torrefied biomass. The fixed and elemental carbons of the briquettes showed a mild improvement compared to the raw coal. The peaks from FTIR spectra for the briquettes shows the presence of aromatic C=C bonds and phenolic OH group. The composite briquettes with up to 20% torrefied biomass can all be useful as fuel for various applications.
Die Rolle von Magnesium bei Knochenbrüchen in übergewichtigen Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Sommer Nicole Gabriele , Weinberg Annelie-Martina 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz von Adipositas nimmt dramatisch zu, vor allem bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Adipositas ist der erste Schritt zum metabolischen Syndrom, welches mit Hypomagnesiämie in Verbindung gebracht wird. Dieses Magnesium (Mg2+)-Defizit und prominente Akteure des metabolischen Syndroms einschließlich Insulinresistenz, Hyperglykämie und Entzündung wurden vor kurzem mit erhöhtem Knochenbruchrisiko bei Erwachsenen assoziiert. Speziell beim Wachstum spielt die richtige Ernährung eine wesentliche Rolle. Mg2+ ist dabei ein essenzieller Schlüsselfaktor, speziell hinsichtlich der skelettalen Reifung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Hypomagnesiämie führt unweigerlich zu einer reduzierten Knochenmasse, der Knochen wird spröde und das Frakturrisiko steigt. Das höhere Frakturrisiko bei adipösen Kindern und Jugendlichen ist jedoch nach wie vor umstritten: einerseits liegen meist zu niedrige Patientenzahlen in pädiatrischen, klinischen Studien vor, andererseits ist unklar, ob weniger Körperstabilisierung und Koordination infolge geringerer körperlicher Aktivität bei adipösen Kindern und Jugendlichen eine Hauptrolle für die erhöhte Häufigkeit von Knochenbrüchen spielt. Ob die Hypomagnesiämie die Knochenstruktur beeinflusst und eine Schlüsselrolle in der Osteoimmunologie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen darstellt, ist somit noch unzureichend geklärt. Man weiß, dass sich Hypomagnesiämie auch auf die systemische Immunität in einem späteren Lebensabschnitt bei Erwachsenen auswirkt. Veränderungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen müssen bewertet werden und sollten im Fokus weiterer Untersuchungen stehen.
The first report on the association of celiac disease and cystic fibrosis in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Banjar Hanaa , Bawazir Ahmed , Ghomraoui Firas , Alotaibi Khalid , Alotaibi Abduallah , Alotaibi Sarah , Sayyari Reham , Alsaleem Khalid 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Celiac disease (CD) has been described before in Saudi Arabia (SA) to be at the range of 1% –2% in the general population, but the association of celiac disease and cystic fibrosis (CF) has never been described before in the Middle East.

Objectives:
To describe the prevalence of the association of CD and CF in patients with gastrointestinal symptomatology in a tertiary care center.

Methodology:
A retrospective charts review of all confirmed CD and CF patients for the years 1989 –2018.

Results:
In a total of 391 confirmed CF patients, 74 of them (19%) had celiac screening due to their symptomatology in the form of (abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, diarrhea despite adequate pancreatic enzyme replacements, and had high antigliadin antibodies and anti-transglutaminase IgA (tTGA). Thirty-five of the 74 patients were male (47.3%, and 39 (52.7%) were female patients. The mean age at diagnosis of CD was 6.1 (3.9), and the mean age at follow up was 7 (5 years). Only 2 of the 74 patients (3%) had bowel biopsies with the typical pathological findings of CD with villous atrophy. Both patients were placed on a gluten-free diet and showed marked improvement in symptomatology and weight gain.

Conclusion:
CD screening should be considered in all CF patients despite the absence of symptoms. The prevalence of CD in CF patients in SA is similar to or slightly higher than that of the general population. A further study to screen the whole CF population is needed to delineate the actual prevalence, particularly in nonsymptomatic CF.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct presenting as multiple pedunculated polyps in the common bile duct at the cystic duct confluence: A case report
Authors: Usui Asami , Ohta Yoshito , Nishimori Takanori , Kuroda Hiroaki , Shinohara Yasushi , Sakamoto Akio 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is known as a precancerous lesion. We herein report a case of IPNB containing adenocarcinoma presenting as multiple pedunculated polyps of the common bile duct with lateral spread of dysplasia at its base.

Case presentation:
A 76-year-old male was admitted to our institution for hematemesis and found to have gastric cancer. Preoperative examinations revealed a tumor in the common bile duct. The patient underwent distal gastrectomy along with bile duct resection. Frozen sections of the resected specimen were checked during the operation and revealed adenocarcinoma. Proximal and distal bile duct margins were also checked and shown to be free of cancer as well as dysplasia. On the resected bile duct, a polypoid lobulated lesion with two heads of 2 cm each growing from a single stalk was located in the common bile duct near the cystic duct confluence, with another 2 cm polypoid lesion on a stalk nearby. The two lesions appeared to be positioned in the common bile duct and cystic duct in a discontinuous manner, but a continuous area of high-grade dysplasia was found to spread at the base of both lesions. Based on the histopathological findings, the tumor was diagnosed as pancreatobiliary type IPNB with carcinoma.

Clinical discussion:
IPNB presents a favorable prognosis after surgical resection but is also known to recur in the residual bile ducts. Surgical resection of the recognizable area of pathology would be the effective treatment option for IPNB with lateral superficial spread and multiple lesions.

Conclusion:
We surgically removed an IPNB presenting as multiple pedunculated polyps with lateral spread of dysplasia at its base. Careful postoperative follow up is imperative in IPNB, since recurrence may occur in the remnant bile ducts.

Highlights
Pathological features determining recurrence and radioresistance in cerebral atypical meningioma
Authors: Garcia-Segura ME , Das S , Jairath R , Munoz DG 
Published: May 2021

We examined recurrence after gross total resection (GTR) or subtotal resection (STR) at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, of 181 cases of atypical meningioma (WHO grade II). In the entire group, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that combined necrosis and brain invasion was the feature associated with the worst outcome, followed in order by necrosis, histological variants (clear cell, rhabdoid, and chordoid), high mitotic count, and brain invasion. The highly significant difference between necrosis and brain invasion and necrosis was seen only in patients receiving GTR, and lost in those treated with STR. Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with worse outcome, more so in patients receiving GTR. In the presence of high mitotic count (defined as >4/10HPF) radiation did not affect recurrence, but necrosis and specially combined necrosis and brain invasion magnified the apparent deleterious effect of adjuvant radiotherapy. In the presence of brain invasion, radiotherapy’s small effect did not reach significance. Since patients were not randomized to adjuvant radiotherapy, these results should not be construed as indicating that this treatment is injurious. It can be stated that in the presence of necrosis and particularly necrosis and brain invasion, but not brain invasion alone, or high mitotic count, atypical meningiomas are more resistant to any possible beneficial effect of radiation in delaying recurrence.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:
1.Describe histological and treatment factors determining recurrence in atypical meningioma.2.List histological factors associated with radioresistance in atypical meningioma.
Diagnostic and pathogenic features of calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis
Authors: Yang K , Reddy K , Wang BH , Cenic A , Ang LC , Provias J , Yong WH , Lu JQ 
Published: May 2021

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is a rare tumefactive lesion with unclear pathogenesis. It is diagnosed by pathological findings of the typical histological features that include granular amorphous cores with palisading spindle to epithelioid cells, variable fibrous stroma, foreign-body reaction with giant cells, and calcification/ossification occasionally with psammoma bodies. However, its histopathology may be variable and currently immunohistochemistry plays a limited role in its diagnosis and understanding the pathogenesis. In this study, we examined 6 cases of CAPNONs including 3 intracranial and 3 spinal epidural lesions (age range: 59–69 years; 3 males and 3 females). Immunohistochemistry revealed that all CAPNON cores contain abundant positive deposits of neurofilament protein (NFP), which was supported by electron microscopy finding of filaments (8–13 nm in diameter). In comparison, no NFP positivity was found in 5 psammomatous/metaplastic meningiomas or 7 intervertebral tissue lesions with calcification/ossification. In addition, CAPNON cellular areas showed variable numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells with less CD4+ T-cells and a decreased ratio of CD4/CD8+ cells, versus the intervertebral tissue lesions without CD8+ or CD4+ cells. Our findings suggest that NFP may be a principal constituent of CAPNONs, and thus involved in the pathogenesis of CAPNON. Given the decreased CD4/CD8 ratio, the pathogenic process of CAPNON is possibly immune- mediated.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThe presentation will enable the learner to:
1.Discuss histopathological features of calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) with variation of non-core components.2.Explore diagnostic and pathogenic roles of immunohistochemical markers including neurofilament protein and CD4/CD8 in CAPNON.
A young woman with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD)
Authors: Goebel HH , Pehl D , Stenzel W , Schneider U , Schuelke M 
Published: May 2021

A 31-year-old female hairdresser whose parents were first degree cousins complained of episodic attacks of headache, vomiting, and dizziness for the past eight years after an uneventful childhood and adolescence. Four years ago, she developed progressive weakness, muscle pain and difficulties walking and lifting her arms that she could not work in her profession anymore. She lost hair, weight and became amenorrhoic. Finally, her muscle weakness required intensive care. Early on her CK was mildly elevated to 237 U/l (normal < 167), but later to 900 and 1800. By MRI, skeletal muscles showed minimal contrast enhancement.The clinically suspected diagnosis of myositis prompted repeated muscle biopsies, which disclosed non-specific myopathic changes, scattered necrotic muscle fibers without inflammation, protein aggregation, or vacuolation by light microscopy, but abnormally structured mitochondria with inclusions by electron microscopy, and treatment with steroids without any clinical improvement.A panel of 1131 mitochondrial genes revealed a homozygous mutation in the ETFDH gene.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:
1.Discuss MADD as a mitochondrial and lipid storage disease2.Recognize the myopathology of MADD
Canadian Association of Neuropathologists Workforce Survey, 2019
Authors: Shannon P 
Published: May 2021

To characterize the professional occupation of Canadian neuropathologists and estimate the future employment demands in neuropathologists, all the active members of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists in Canada (n=53) were surveyed by E-mail, inquiring as to their estimated date of retirement, their current employment and practice profile, and as to any practice trends they had noticed. 49 members replied: all but one practice at medical school centers. 38 practice exclusively in neuropathology and three of these are employed at less than 75% of a full time equivalent. The remaining practices are mixed neuropathology and anatomical pathology, and one practices exclusively ophthalmic pathology. 35% reported significant neuropathology sub specialization (e.g. forensic, pediatric, neuromuscular). 42% reported greater than 10% of time dedicated to research (of these, median 30%) and 35% greater than 10% time spent in teaching, and 9% greater than 10% time in administration. Of the 49 surveyed, as of the spring of 2019, 14%(seven) of the full time neuropathologists can be expected to retire in the next 10 years, and 6% (three) with mixed AP/NP practices.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:
1.Understand the current spectrum of practice of Neuropathologists across Canada2.Describe the patterns of employment and anticipated retirements of Canadian Neuropathologists
Absolute continuity, Lyapunov exponents, and rigidity II: systems with compact center leaves
Authors: AVILA A. , VIANA MARCELO , WILKINSON A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe explore new connections between the dynamics of conservative partially hyperbolic systems and the geometric measure-theoretic properties of their invariant foliations. Our methods are applied to two main classes of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms: fibered partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and center-fixing partially hyperbolic systems. When the center is one-dimensional, assuming the diffeomorphism is accessible, we prove that the disintegration of the volume measure along the center foliation is either atomic or Lebesgue. Moreover, the latter case is rigid in dimension three (this does not require accessibility): the center foliation is actually smooth and the diffeomorphism is smoothly conjugate to an explicit rigid model. A partial extension to fibered partially hyperbolic systems with compact fibers of any dimension is also obtained. A common feature of these classes of diffeomorphisms is that the center leaves either are compact or can be made compact by taking an appropriate dynamically defined quotient. For volume-preserving partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms whose center foliation is absolutely continuous, if the generic center leaf is a circle, then every center leaf is compact.
Formation of a large ice depression on Dålk Glacier (Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica) caused by the rapid drainage of an englacial cavity
Authors: Boronina Alina , Popov Sergey , Pryakhina Galina , Chetverova Antonina , Ryzhova Ekaterina , Grigoreva Svetlana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the afternoon of 30 January 2017, a catastrophic outburst flood occurred in the Larsemann Hills (Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica). The rapid drainage of both a thin supraglacial layer of water (near Boulder Lake) and Lake Ledyanoe into the englacial Lake Dålk provoked its overfill and outburst. As a result, a depression of 183 m × 220 m was formed in the place where Lake Dålk was located. This study summarises and clarifies the current state of knowledge on the flood that occurred in 2017. We present a phenomenological model of depression formation. We specify the reasons for the outburst of the system of lakes Boulder, Ledyanoe and Dålk. In addition, we carry out mathematical modelling of the outburst of each of the three lakes and estimate the flood severity. Outburst hydrographs, channel diameters, volume and duration of floods were calculated. Particular simulation results were validated with field data. In conclusion, we give an overview of the new outburst cycle of the lake system, which began in 2020 with the drainage of the lakes Boulder and Ledyanoe, and the new formation of Lake Dålk. Further research is required to improve our understanding of the lake system responses to changing external factors.
Development of a mechanical decoupling surgical scissors for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Jin Xingze , Feng Mei , Han Zhiwu , Zhao Ji , Cao Hankun , Zhang Yaoyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn minimally invasive surgery, surgical instruments with a wrist joint have better flexibility. However, the bending motion of the wrist joint causes a coupling motion between the end-effector and wrist joint, affecting the accuracy of the movement of the surgical instrument. Aiming at this problem, a new gear train decoupling method is proposed in the paper, which can automatically compensate for the coupled motion in real-time. Based on the performance tests of the instrument prototype, a series of decoupling effects tests are carried out. The test results show that the surgical instrument has excellent decoupling ability and stable performance.
Psychological Resources and Driving Status: A Study of Current and Former Drivers 55 Years of Age and Older
Authors: Kafka Garrett , Stinchcombe Arne , Mullen Nadia , Weaver Bruce , Bédard Michel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Psychological resources can help individuals adjust to changes associated with aging. In this study, we examined the effect of demographic, health, and psychological resource variables in explaining driving status among adults 55 years and older. A convenience sample of 222 adults between the ages of 55 and 91 years (mean = 72.20 years) completed questionnaires that included measures of driving status, self-rated health, and psychological resources (e.g., life control, life purpose, and locus of control). Multiple logistic regression models that controlled for confounders were constructed with driver status (i.e., current driver or former driver) as the outcome. Former drivers were older, reported being in poorer health, and reported more depression symptoms. After controlling for age and health, current drivers reported higher levels of life control and life purpose and a more internal locus of control. Results highlight the importance of considering psychological resources when examining driving cessation.
Emerging trends: Ethics, intimidation, and the Cold War
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward , Kordoni Valia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are well-meaning efforts to address ethics that will likely make the world a better place, but care needs to be taken to avoid repeating mistakes of the past. In particular, ACL has recently introduced a new process where there are special reviews of some papers for ethics. We would be more comfortable with the new ethics process if there were more checks and balances, due process and transparency. Otherwise, there is a risk that the process could intimidate authors in ways that are not that dissimilar from the ways that academics were intimidated during the Cold War on both sides of the Iron Curtain.
GRADIENT FLOWS OF HIGHER ORDER YANG–MILLS–HIGGS FUNCTIONALS
Authors: ZHANG PAN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we define a family of functionals generalizing the Yang–Mills–Higgs functionals on a closed Riemannian manifold. Then we prove the short-time existence of the corresponding gradient flow by a gauge-fixing technique. The lack of a maximum principle for the higher order operator brings us a lot of inconvenience during the estimates for the Higgs field. We observe that the$L^2$-bound of the Higgs field is enough for energy estimates in four dimensions and we show that, provided the order of derivatives appearing in the higher order Yang–Mills–Higgs functionals is strictly greater than one, solutions to the gradient flow do not hit any finite-time singularities. As for the Yang–Mills–Higgsk-functional with Higgs self-interaction, we show that, provided$\dim (M)<2(k+1)$, for every smooth initial data the associated gradient flow admits long-time existence. The proof depends on local$L^2$-derivative estimates, energy estimates and blow-up analysis.
Symbiotic efficiency of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan(L.) Huth) with different sources of nitrogen
Authors: Bopape Francina L. , Gwata Eastonce T. , Hassen Ahmed I. , Zhou Marvellous M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPigeonpea is an important grain legume. It contributes to the improvement of soil fertility through biological nitrogen (N) fixation. However, the symbiotic efficiency of pigeonpea with native soil rhizobia has not been determined adequately. This study was designed to determine the variation in the N fixation ability of pigeonpea inoculated with the native rhizobia. Forty soil samples were collected from diverse locations across South Africa and used for inoculating pigeonpea seed. Each pigeonpea genotype was inoculated separately with each soil sample and raised in a nitrogen-depleted growth medium in the greenhouse. A split-plot experimental design was used in the study. Several N fixation variables of pigeonpea were measured. There was >40.0% difference in the number of nodules between genotypes ‘Ex-PP-MD-321’ and ‘Mpuma-B-Spot’ but the nodule dry weight between the two genotypes was >80.0%. In contrast, the heaviest dry shoots (0.4513 g), weighed 52.0% heavier than those that were observed for ‘Mpuma-B-Spot’. Pigeonpea showed differential N fixation ability with the nodules, suggesting that there was potential to select for optimum host × rhizobial isolate combinations for the process and to expand the production area of the crop.
Sportpsychologie in Deutschland in historischer Perspektive: Zirkulation oder Fortschritt oder …?
Authors: Willimczik Klaus 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung. Die organisierte Sportpsychologie im deutschsprachigen Raum blickt auf mehr als 50 Jahre zurück. Dies bietet den Anlass zu fragen, welche Entwicklung das Allgemeine Paradigma der Sportpsychologie sowie Spezielle sportpsychologische Paradigmen genommen haben. Kann man von einem Fortschritt sprechen, und wenn ja, worin ist er zu sehen? Neben dem Allgemeinen Paradigma der Sportpsychologie wurden hierfür exemplarisch Theorien aus der Motorik- und Motivationsforschung ausgewählt. In die Diskussion wurde die Verantwortung von Sportpsychologinnen und Sportpsychologen bzw. der Sportpsychologie einbezogen. Antworten auf die Fragen setzen eine Metaebene voraus, eine der Gegenstandsebene „Sportpsychologie“ übergeordnete Ebene. Dafür wurde hier – ohne Absolutheitsanspruch – die Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie ausgewählt. Die Antworten auf die Fragen zu den fünf Paradigmen fallen sehr unterschiedlich aus. Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Betrachtung der Entwicklung von Paradigmen hat keineswegs nur eine theoretische Bedeutung, sie kann vielmehr hilfreich sein für die erfahrungswissenschaftliche Bearbeitung von psychologischen Sachfragen, da sie Hinweise auf einen adäquaten Gebrauch von Theorien liefern kann.