bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained ErbB Activation Causes Demyelination and Hypomyelination by Driving Necroptosis of Mature Oligodendrocytes and Apoptosis of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells
Authors: Hu Xu , Xiao Guanxiu , He Li , Niu Xiaojie , Li Huashun , Lou Tianjie , Hu Qianqian , Yang Youguang , Xu Qi , Wei Zhengdong , Qiu Mengsheng , Tanaka Kenji F. , Shen Ying , Tao Yanmei 
Published: November 2021

Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to genetic and environmental insults and its injury leads to demyelinating diseases. The roles of ErbB receptors in maintaining the CNS myelin integrity are largely unknown. Here, we overactivate ErbB receptors that mediate signaling of either neuregulin (NRG) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) family growth factors and found their synergistic activation caused deleterious outcomes in white matter. Sustained ErbB activation induced by the tetracycline-dependent mouse toolPlp-tTA resulted in demyelination, axonal degeneration, oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in white matter. Moreover, there was hypermyelination before these inflammatory pathologic events. In contrast, sustained ErbB activation induced by another tetracycline-dependent mouse toolSox10+/rtTAcaused hypomyelination in the corpus callosum and optic nerve, which appeared to be a developmental deficit and did not associate with OPC regeneration, astrogliosis, or microgliosis. By tracing the differentiation states of cells expressing tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator (tTA)/reverse tTA (rtTA)-dependent transgene or pulse-labeled reporter proteinsin vitroandin vivo, we found thatPlp-tTA targeted mainly mature oligodendrocytes (MOs), whereasSox10+/rtTAtargeted OPCs and newly-formed oligodendrocytes (NFOs). The distinct phenotypes of mice with ErbB overactivation induced byPlp-tTA andSox10+/rtTAconsolidated their nonoverlapping targeting preferences in the oligodendrocyte lineage, and enabled us to demonstrate that ErbB overactivation in MOs induced necroptosis that caused inflammatory demyelination, whereas in OPCs induced apoptosis that caused noninflammatory hypomyelination. Early interference with aberrant ErbB activation ceased oligodendrocyte deaths and restored myelin development in both mice. This study suggests that aberrant ErbB activation is an upstream pathogenetic mechanism of demyelinating diseases, providing a potential therapeutic target.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrimary oligodendropathy is one of the etiologic mechanisms for multiple sclerosis, and oligodendrocyte necroptosis is a pathologic hallmark in the disease. Moreover, the demyelinating disease is now a broad concept that embraces schizophrenia, in which white matter lesions are an emerging feature. ErbB overactivation has been implicated in schizophrenia by genetic analysis and postmortem studies. This study suggests the etiologic implications of ErbB overactivation in myelin pathogenesis and elucidates the pathogenetic mechanisms.
Variation in Bacterial Respiratory Culture Results in Children With Neurologic Impairment
Authors: Warniment Amanda , Steuart Rebecca , Rodean Jonathan , Hall Matt , Chinchilla Sofia , Shah Samir S. , Thomson Joanna 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
To examine bacterial respiratory cultures in children with neurologic impairment (NI) (eg, cerebral palsy), both with and without tracheostomies, who were hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) (eg, pneumonia) and to compare culture results across hospitals and age groups.

METHODS
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included ARI hospitalizations for children aged 1 to 18 years with NI between 2007 and 2012 who had a bacterial respiratory culture obtained within 2 days of admission. Data from 5 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System Plus database were used. Organisms consistent with oral flora and nonspeciated organisms were omitted from analysis. The prevalence of positive respiratory culture results and the prevalence of organisms identified were compared across hospitals and age groups and in subanalyses of children with and without tracheostomies by using generalized estimating equations to account for within-patient clustering.

RESULTS
Of 4900 hospitalizations, 693 from 485 children had bacterial respiratory cultures obtained. Of these, 54.5% had positive results, although this varied across hospitals (range 18.6%–83.2%; P &lt; .001). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most commonly identified organisms across hospitals and age groups and in patients with and without tracheostomies. Large variation in growth prevalence was identified across hospitals but not age groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The bacteriology of ARI in hospitalized children with NI differs from that of otherwise healthy children. Significant variation in prevalence of positive bacterial respiratory culture results and organism growth were observed across hospitals, which may be secondary to local environmental factors and microbiology reporting practices.
Outcome Differences Between Direct Admissions to the PICU From ED and Escalations From Floor
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , Kim Minchul 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
To compare the outcomes (mortality and ICU length of stay) of patients with direct admissions to the PICU from the emergency department [ED]) versus as an escalation of care from the floor.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study with a secondary analysis of registry data. Patient demographics and outcome variables collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were obtained from the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. Patients with a source of admission other than the hospital’s ED or pediatric floor were excluded. Multivariable regression analysis controlling for age groups, sex, race, diagnostic categories, and severity of illness (Pediatric Index of Mortality III), with clustering for sites, was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 209 695 patients from 121 sites were included in the analysis. A total of 154 716 (73.7%) were admitted directly from the ED, and 54 979 were admitted (26.2%) as an escalation of care from the floor. Two groups differed in age and race distribution, medical complexity, diagnostic categories, and severity of illness. After controlling for measured confounders, patients with floor escalations had higher mortality (2.78% vs 1.95%; P &lt; .001), with an odds ratio of 1.71 (95% CI 1.5 to 1.9) and longer PICU length of stay (4.9 vs 3.6 days; P &lt; .001). The rates of most of the common ICU procedures and their durations were also significantly higher in patients with an escalation of care.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with direct admissions to the PICU from the ED, patients who were initially triaged to the pediatric floor and then require escalation to the PICU have worse outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the potential causes of this difference.
Flow behavior of cementitious-like suspension with nano-Fe3O4 particles under external magnetic field
Authors: Jiao Dengwu , Lesage Karel , Yardimci Mert Yücel , Shi Caijun , De Schutter Geert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe flow behavior of cementitious-like (limestone powder) suspension containing nano-Fe3O4 particles at constant shear rate of 10 s−1, characterized by the evolution of apparent viscosity over time, is investigated under various magnetic fields. Results show that the limestone powder suspension at flow-state exhibits remarkable magneto-rheological responses, reflected by a significant increase in the apparent viscosity after applying an external magnetic field. A higher field strength corresponds to a more rapid and pronounced response. The apparent viscosity experiences a sudden alteration with the stepwise change of the magnetic field due to the formation or disintegration of magnetic clusters. Linearly increasing magnetic field strength at low ranges (e.g. 0 T–0.3 T) shows less influences on the evolution of apparent viscosity, while at relatively high magnetic field, the apparent viscosity gradually increases with the magnetic field strength and the increase rate is comparable to that obtained under constant high magnetic field of 0.75 T. When the magnetic field is removed, the apparent viscosity exhibits a sharp reduction. If the magnetic field strength linearly decreases to zero, however, the apparent viscosity continuously increases until reaching a peak and then gradually decreases. This research shows in different ways how a desired apparent viscosity level of a cementitious-like suspension can be reached by means of an external magnetic field.
Development of A Methodology For Predicting Landslide Hazards At A Regional Scale
Authors: Richer Blanche , Saeidi Ali , Boivin Maxime , Rouleau Alain 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Landslide risk analysis is a common geotechnical evaluation and aims to protect life and infrastructure. In the case of sensitive clay zones, landslides can affect large areas and are difficult to predict. Here we propose a methodology to determine the landslide hazard across a large territory, and we apply our approach to the Saint-Jean-Vianney area, Quebec, Canada. The initial step consists of creating a 3D model of the surficial deposits of the target area. After creating a chart of the material electrical resistivity adapted for eastern Canada, we applied electric induction to interpret the regional soil. We collected samples from the main lithologies and estimated selected soil geotechnical parameters in laboratory tests. We transposed parameter values obtained from the samples to a larger scale that of a slope using the results of a back analysis undertaken on an earlier, smaller slide within the same area. The regional 3D model of deposits is then used to develop a zonation map of at-risk slopes and their respective constraint areas with the study region. This approach allowed us to target specific areas where a more precise stability analysis would be required. Our methodology offers an effective tool for stability analysis in territories characterized by the presence of sensitive clays.
B4/32Ga28/32Sb10/32As22/32 Three-Dimensional Semiconductor Superlattice
Authors: Elyukhin Viacheslav , Sierra Ramon Peña 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Self-assembly of BD -rich A x B 1-x C y D 1-y was studied for a lot of semiconductor alloys. An occurrence of identical clustersshould be due to a decrease of the bond energy, internal strain energy or both of them. An arrangement of the clusters is disordered since the contents of minority atoms are in the dilute or ultra dilute limits in the considered alloys. B 4/32 Ga 28/32 Sb 10/32 As 22/32 semiconductor alloy with the three-dimensional superlattice is presented. This superlattice should be stable against disordering due to its minimal free energy. The superlattice forms by the identical cubic units consisting of 64 atoms and is the three-dimensional semiconductor soft X-ray diffraction grating.
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression and Resistance to Chemotherapy
Authors: Lorenzo Antonino Di , Bolli Elisabetta , Ruiu Roberto , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Gregorio Enza Di , Avalle Lidia , Merighi Irene Fiore , Riccardo Federica , Quaglino Elena , Cavallo Federica , Conti Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women, due to the development of resistance to current therapies, including chemotherapy. Since breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main drivers of therapy resistance and disease progression, chemoresistance might be prevented targeting the molecules that promote their self-renewal. We previously demonstrated that Toll-like Receptor (TLR)2 is overexpressed in CSCs, which exploit it to promote their self-renewal through an autocrine loop initiated by high mobility group box (HMGB)1. TLR2 expression in BC is associated with poor prognosis in patients, suggesting that it could be a good target for BC therapies.Methods. We generated and characterized TLR2WT and TLR2KO autochthonous mammary cancer mouse models. In-vitro and in-vivo studies were performed to assess the efficacy of TLR2 silencing and inhibition in combination with chemotherapy.Results. TLR2KO mice displayed delayed tumor onset, increased survival, and reductions in CSC and T regulatory cell frequency, compared to TLR2WT mice. Transplantation experiments using TLR2WT and TLR2KO cells injected subcutaneously into TLR2WT and TLR2KO mice showed that TLR2 mainly acts via cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms, such as increased cell survival and CSC self-renewal. Moreover, TLR2 promoted cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy following the doxorubicin-induced release of HMGB1. Thus, TLR2 inhibitors impaired the viability and induced the apoptosis of BC cells and exerted a synergistic effect when administered with chemotherapy both in-vitro and in-vivo. Conclusions. We have demonstrated that TLR2 inhibitors reinstate BC response to chemotherapy, opening new perspectives for the treatment of BC patients.
Rendering Bio-Inert Low Density Polyethylene Amenable For Biodegradation Via Fast High Throughput Reactive Extrusion Assisted Oxidation
Authors: Ferrero Pablo , Attallah Olivia A. , Valera Miguel Ángel , Aleksic Ivana , Azeem Muhammad , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Fournet Margaret Brennan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An energy efficient high throughput pre-treatment of low density polyethylene (LDPE) using a fast reactive extrusion (REX) assisted oxidation technique followed by bacterial attachment as an indicator for bio-amenability was studied. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was selected as a model oxidizing and catalytic reagent with the REX process demonstrated to be effective both in the presence and absence of the catalyst. Optimized 5-minute duration pretreatment conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with respect to screws speed, operating temperature, and concentration of SiO2. The crystallinity index, carbonyl index and weight loss (%) of LDPE were used as the studied responses for BDD. FTIR and DSC spectra of the residual LDPE obtained after pretreatment with the REX assisted oxidation technique showed a significant increase in residual LDPE carbonyl index from 0 to 1.04 and a decrease of LDPE crystallinity index from 29% to 18%. Up to 5-fold molecular weight reductions were also demonstrated using GPC. Optimum LDPE pretreatment with a duration of 5 minutes was obtained at low screw speed (50 rpm), operating temperature of 380-390⁰C and variable concentration of SiO2 (0 and 2% (w/w)) indicating that effective pretreatment can occur under noncatalytic and catalysed conditions. Biofilms were successfully formed on pretreated LDPE samples after 14 days of incubation.Furthermore, the technique proposed in this study is expected to provide a high throughput approach for pretreatment of pervasive recalcitrant PE based plastics to reduce their bio inertness.
Enhanced Breakdown Voltage of Si-GaN Monolithic Heterogeneous Integrated Cascode FETs by the Device Structure Design
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Weihang , Wan Jing , Yang Guofang , Cheng Ya’nan , Zhang Yachao , Chen Dazheng , Zhao Shenglei , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, the factors affecting the breakdown voltage of Si-GaN monolithic heterogeneous integrated Casccode FET fabricated by transfer printing were investigated. These two factors are the avalanche breakdown resistance of the Si device and the thickness of SiN electrical isolation layer. Two kinds of device structures, Si MOSFET and Si laterally-diffused MOSFET (LDMOSFET), were designed to study the effect of the avalanche breakdown resistance of the Si devices on the breakdown characteristics of Cascode FET. The effect of the thickness of SiN electrical isolation layer was analyzed. Finally, the breakdown voltage of monolithic integrated Cascode FET reached 770 V.
The Prognostic Significance of The Absolute Counts of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets In Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Guan , Xia Ying , Liu Aqing , Yang Yanjie , Li Wentao , Liu Yunhe , Zhang Jing , Cui Qian , Wang Dong , Liu Xu , Guo Yongtie , Chen Huayu , Yu Jianchun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: At present, the percentages of lymphocyte subsets (PL) which mainly include CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, B and NK cells are widely focused in tumor clinic, but the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets (ACL) are seldom concerned yet. The clinical significance and value of ACL are not clear. It is still unclear whether the immune status of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients, especially the PL and ACL of peripheral blood, are closely related to the disease progression and prognosis.Methods: The research was a retrospective cohort study, which including 291 patients with untreated AGC and 63 normal controls (NCs). The PL and ACL of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry based single-platform method. The end points were progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: Compared to NCs, the percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and NK cells were no significantly different, but that of CD3+CD8+ and B cells were decrease in all AGC patients (AGCs) obviously (p = 0.022; p = 0.004, respectively). The AC of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, B and NK cells were significantly lower than those in the NCs (p﹤0.001). The percentages of CD3+CD8+ and B cells in AGCs with stage Ⅲ were lower than those in NCs (p = 0.032; p =0.036, respectively). But, the AC of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, B and NK cells in AGCs with stage Ⅲ were all significantly decrease than that of NCs (p < 0.001). Compared with normal controls, only the percentage of B cells in AGCs with stage IV was lower (p = 0.005), while the ACL in AGCs with stage IV were all significantly lower (p﹤0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage between stage Ⅳ and Ⅲ, but the ACL in AGCs with stage Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in stage Ⅲ (p ≤ 0.001). The results showed that the ACL in AGCs were significantly impaired and were closely related to the progression of the disease. The Binary logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier showed that patients with high ACL had longer PFS and OS than those with low ACL (p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that when the number of CD3+CD4+ cells were more than 405 cells/μL, the PFS and OS of AGCs were significantly prolonged (HR 0.192, 95% CI [0.092 to 0.398], p﹤0.001; HR 0.196, 95% CI [0.093 to 0.411], p﹤0.001, respectively), and the sensitivity and specificity were the most obvious.Conclusion: The ACL in AGCs were significantly impaired, and were closely related to PFS and OS. Thereinto, the AC of CD3+CD4+ cells was the most sensitive and specific parameter for the prognosis of AGCs and have more important clinical value.Chinese Clinic Trial Registry number: ChiCTR-IOR-17014139; Registry date: 2017/12/25.
Parity and gestational age are associated with vaginal microbiota composition in term and late term pregnancies
Authors: Kervinen Kaisa , Holster Tiina , Saqib Schahzad , Virtanen Seppo , Stefanovic Vedran , Rahkonen Leena , Nieminen Pekka , Salonen Anne , Kalliala Ilkka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vaginal microbiota and its potential contribution to preterm birth has been under intense research in recent years. However, only few studies have studied vaginal microbiota in later stages of pregnancy or at the onset of labor. We analyzed vaginal swab samples collected between 37- and 42-weeks of gestation from 324 Finnish women before elective cesarean section, at the onset of spontaneous labor, and in pregnancies continuing beyond 41 weeks of gestation. Vaginal microbiota composition associated strongly with parity, i.e. previous deliveries, and advancing gestational age. Absence of previous deliveries was a strong predictor of L. crispatus dominated vaginal microbiota, and the relative abundance of L. crispatus was higher in late term pregnancies, especially among nulliparous women. The results underscore the importance of the vaginal microbiota for improving the currently limited understanding on how the duration of gestation and timing of birth is regulated, with potentially vast clinical utilities.
Examining the Views of Operating Room Nurses and Physicians on the Relationship between Professional Values and Professional Communication
Authors: yeganeh Sedigheh , Torabizadeh Camellia , Bahmani Tayebeh , molazem Zahra , Doust Hamed yeganeh , Dehnavi Samira Daneshvar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Professional communication and professional values are two basic concepts in operating rooms and should be studied more closely in view of the nature of work, the high circulation of patients in operating rooms. Methods: The present work is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 603 operating room doctors and personnel selected from the public hospitals of Shiraz. The data collection instruments were the 41-item professional communication questionnaire and the 26-item professional values scale.Result: Results shows the operating room nurses and doctors were found to perceive the status of professional communication and professional values to be satisfactory. About professional communications, the participants’ perception of the domains of mutual respect and trust (p≤0.001), teamwork (p≤0.001), ethical competence (p≤0.017), and workplace conflicts (p≤0.001) was significant. About professional values, only the dimension of care (p≤0.016) was perceived to be significant. Moreover, a significant positive relationship was found to exist between professional communication and professional values (p≤0.001). conclusion: Considering the significance of the concept of professional communication and its connection with professional values, it is recommended that operating room personnel and doctors receive systematic education about professional communication and the harms of destructive attitudes as part of their academic education and afterwards.
A Parallel Turbo Decoder Based on Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Li , fu weihong , Shi Fan , Zhou Chunhua , Liu Yongyuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A neural network-based decoder, based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, is proposed to solve the problem of high decoding delay caused by the poor parallelism of existing decoding algorithms for turbo codes. The powerful parallel computing and feature learning ability of neural networks can reduce the decoding delay of turbo codes and bit error rates simultaneously. The proposed decoder refers to a unique component coding concept of turbo codes. First, each component decoder is designed based on an LSTM network. Next, each layer of the component decoder is trained, and the trained weights are loaded into the turbo code decoding neural network as initialization parameters. Then, the turbo code decoding network is trained end-to-end. Finally, a complete turbo decoder is realized. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed decoder is improved by 0.5–1.5 dB compared with the traditional serial decoding algorithm in Gaussian white noise and t-distribution noise. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the proposed decoder can be used in communication systems with various turbo codes and that it solves the problem of high delay in serial iterative decoding.