bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Avoidance Daily Activities Photo Scale for Patients With Shoulder Pain
Authors: Ansanello Walter , dos Reis Felipe José Jandre , Tozzo Marcela Camargo , Zatiti Salomão Chade Assan , Meulders Ann , Vlaeyen Johan W S , de Oliveira Anamaria Siriani 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop the Avoidance of Daily Activities Photo Scale (ADAP Shoulder Scale) to measure shoulder pain–related avoidance behavior in patients with shoulder pain and evaluate and report the structural validity and internal consistency of the scale.

Methods
Potential daily activities involving the shoulder were selected from the activities and participation domain of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The selected activities were presented to an expert panel, health care professionals, and patients with shoulder pain with the question “How much do you think it is important to ask patients with shoulder pain about this activity?” Activities attaining a content validity index (CVI) ≥ 0.8 were represented using a digitally colored photograph. Activity photographs were evaluated by health care professionals and patients with shoulder pain. Photographs with a CVI ≥ 0.8 were included in the scale. To evaluate structural validity and internal consistency of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the presence of any scale domain. Cronbach alpha was calculated to indicate the internal consistency of each domain.

Results
Of the 107 preselected activities, 21 attained a CVI ≥ 0.8. Eighteen photographs (CVI ≥ 0.8) were included in the scale after being analyzed by 120 health care professionals and 50 patients with shoulder pain. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 156) showed that the ADAP Shoulder Scale consists of 3 domains: free movement, high effort, and self-care. The internal consistencies of the domains were 0.92, 0.89, and 0.92, respectively.

Conclusion
The ADAP Shoulder Scale included 15 photographs distributed in 3 domains. All domains had a high internal consistency. The scale is easily applicable, well understood, and relevant for shoulder pain.

Impact
The ADAP Shoulder Scale can be used to rate shoulder pain–related avoidance behaviors.
The Constructive Kan–Quillen Model Structure: Two New Proofs
Authors: Gambino Nicola , Sattler Christian , Szumiło Karol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present two new proofs of Simon Henry’s result that the category of simplicial sets admits a constructive counterpart of the classical Kan–Quillen model structure. Our proofs are entirely self-contained and avoid complex combinatorial arguments on anodyne extensions. We also give new constructive proofs of the left and right properness of the model structure.
The Equalizer Conjecture For The Free Group of Rank Two
Authors: Logan Alan D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The equalizer of a set of homomorphisms $S: F(a, b)\rightarrow F(\Delta)$ has rank at most two if S contains an injective map and is not finitely generated otherwise. This proves a strong form of Stallings’ Equalizer Conjecture for the free group of rank two. Results are also obtained for pairs of homomorphisms $g, h:F(\Sigma)\rightarrow F(\Delta)$ when the images are inert in, or retracts of, $F(\Delta)$.
Real Moduli Spaces And Density Of Non-simple Real Abelian Varieties
Authors: De Gaay Fortman Olivier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For fixed k &lt; g and a family of polarized abelian varieties of dimension g over ${{\mathbb{R}}}$, we give a criterion for the density in the parameter space of those abelian varieties over ${{\mathbb{R}}}$ containing a k-dimensional abelian subvariety over ${{\mathbb{R}}}$. As application, we prove density of such a set in the moduli space of polarized real abelian varieties of dimension g and density of real algebraic curves mapping non-trivially to real k-dimensional abelian varieties in the moduli space of real algebraic curves as well as in the space of real plane curves. This extends to the real setting results by Colombo and Pirola [10]. We then consider the real locus of an algebraic stack over $\mathbb{R}$, attaching a topological space to it. For a real moduli stack, this defines a real moduli space. We show that for ${{\mathcal{M}}}_g$ and ${{\mathcal{A}}}_g$, the real moduli spaces that arise in this way coincide with the moduli spaces of Gross–Harris [13] and Seppälä–Silhol [23].
Interventions and Cognitive Spillovers
Authors: Altmann Steffen , Grunewald Andreas , Radbruch Jonas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article investigates how incentives and behavioural policy interventions affect individuals’ allocation of scarce cognitive resources. Based on experimental evidence, we demonstrate that incentives systematically influence individuals’ allocation of cognitive resources, and their propensity to actively engage with a decision or to stay passive. Policies that steer individuals’ attention to a specific decision lead to more active decision-making and better choices in the targeted choice domain, but induce negative cognitive spillovers on the quality of choices in other domains. In our setting, these two countervailing effects offset each other, such that the overall payoff consequences of the interventions are essentially zero. We further document that cognitive spillovers are especially pronounced for complex choices and for subgroups of the population with a smaller stock of cognitive resources. We discuss implications for the design and evaluation of behavioural policy interventions.
URINARY EXCRETION OF PLUTONIUM IN MAYAK WORKERS DURING AND AFTER CA-DTPA ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Sokolova Alexandra B , Suslova Klara G , Miller Scott C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chelation therapy is sometimes used after potential exposures to plutonium to increase urinary excretion of the radionuclide to improve the accuracy of bioassay measurements. The purpose of this report is to describe the enhancement of urinary excretion of plutonium during and after the administration of the trisodium salt of calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Ca-DTPA) daily for 3 d to a group of male and female plutonium workers from the Mayak Production Association in Ozyorsk, Russia. One-hundred and two cases (18 females and 84 males) were selected where urinary contents of plutonium, prior to chelation, exceeded the detection threshold. Daily urine collections were obtained during the 3 d of Ca-DTPA treatments. In addition, 58 of these cases had urine bioassays at 1–45 d after chelation. The daily enhancement over baseline values excretion of plutonium was found to be 50.4×/1.4 (geometric mean and geometric standard deviation); 58.9×/1.2; 72.9×/1.4 in the first, second and third days of Ca-DTPA administration. The mean enhancement for the 3-d period was 60.1×/1.7. The rate of plutonium excretion from 1 to 45 d after chelation decreased with a half-period of 3.9 d and the chelation enhancement factor (Кenh-i) is described by the function Кenh-i = (0.79 ± 0.24) + (42.9 ± 1.2) × e−(0.18 ± 0.01) × day.
A novel inpatient PA staffing model for a community hospital
Authors: Bendicksen Danielle , Pflugeisen Chaya Mangel , Slot Franchot van 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
We sought to create a novel physician assistant (PA) and physician hospital medicine co-management strategy, employing a 3:1 PA:physician structure, under which the physician oversees all PA patients, but without a separate independent panel.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort pre-post design, comparing metrics for a traditional physician-only hospitalist model with a PA-physician team model. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS), readmissions, discharge destination, patient satisfaction, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:
LOS for patients under the PA-physician model (74 hours) was lower than for the physician-only model (83 hours; P < .001). The PA-physician model team discharged more patients home than to another facility (PA-physician 77.6%, physician-only 74.3%; P = .03). Thirty-day readmissions were about 10% (P = .97) and patients reported respectful treatment in about 80% (P = .53) of cases in each cohort.

Conclusions:
Our 3:1 PA-physician model team showed equal to superior outcomes compared with the physician-only hospitalist model.
Vitamin D Supplement Use and Risk of Breast Cancer by Race-Ethnicity
Authors: O’Brien Katie M. , Keil Alexander P. , Harmon Quaker E. , Jackson Chandra L. , White Alexandra J. , Díaz-Santana Mary V. , Taylor Jack A. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Vitamin D has anticarcinogenic properties, but a relationship between vitamin D supplement use and breast cancer is not established. Few studies have accounted for changes in supplement use over time or evaluated racial-ethnic differences.

Methods:
The Sister Study is a prospective cohort of 50,884 women with 35–74 years of age who had a sister with breast cancer, but no breast cancer themselves at enrollment (2003–2009). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between vitamin D supplement use and incident breast cancer (3,502 cases; median follow-up 10.5 years).

Results:
Vitamin D supplement use was common, with 64% reporting ever use (at least once per month) in the year before enrollment. Considering supplement use over time, ever use of vitamin D supplements was not meaningfully associated with breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.88, 1.0), relative to never use. However, after adjusting for prior use, recent use of vitamin D supplements ≥1/month was inversely associated with breast cancer (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78, 1.0), relative to nonrecent use. The inverse association was stronger for ductal carcinoma in situ (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.87) than invasive breast cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.72, 1.1, p-for-heterogeneity = 0.02). Supplement use was less common among African American/Black (56%) and non-Black Hispanic/Latina (50%) women than non-Hispanic White women (66%), but there was limited evidence of racial-ethnic differences in HRs (p-for-heterogeneity = 0.16 for ever use, P = 0.55 for recent).

Conclusions:
Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that recent vitamin D use is inversely associated with breast cancer risk.
What Can Genetic Relatedness Tell Us About Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Transmission?
Authors: Leavitt Sarah V. , Horsburgh C. Robert , Lee Robyn S. , Tibbs Andrew M. , White Laura F. , Jenkins Helen E. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
To stop tuberculosis (TB), the leading infectious cause of death globally, we need to better understand transmission risk factors. Although many studies have identified associations between individual-level covariates and pathogen genetic relatedness, few have identified characteristics of transmission pairs or explored how closely covariates associated with genetic relatedness mirror those associated with transmission.

Methods:
We simulated a TB-like outbreak with pathogen genetic data and estimated odds ratios (ORs) to correlate each covariate and genetic relatedness. We used a naive Bayes approach to modify the genetic links and nonlinks to resemble the true links and nonlinks more closely and estimated modified ORs with this approach. We compared these two sets of ORs with the true ORs for transmission. Finally, we applied this method to TB data in Hamburg, Germany, and Massachusetts, USA, to find pair-level covariates associated with transmission.

Results:
Using simulations, we found that associations between covariates and genetic relatedness had the same relative magnitudes and directions as the true associations with transmission, but biased absolute magnitudes. Modifying the genetic links and nonlinks reduced the bias and increased the confidence interval widths, more accurately capturing error. In Hamburg and Massachusetts, pairs were more likely to be probable transmission links if they lived in closer proximity, had a shorter time between observations, or had shared ethnicity, social risk factors, drug resistance, or genotypes.

Conclusions:
We developed a method to improve the use of genetic relatedness as a proxy for transmission, and aid in understanding TB transmission dynamics in low-burden settings.
Low-dose angiotensin II supplementation restores flow-induced dilation mechanisms in cerebral arteries of Sprague-Dawley rats on a high salt diet
Authors: Matic Anita , Jukic Ivana , Mihaljevic Zrinka , Kolobaric Nikolina , Stupin Ana , Kozina Natasa , Bujak Ivana Tartaro , Kibel Aleksandar , Lombard Julian H. , Drenjancevic Ines 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Salt-induced suppression of angiotensin II contributes to impaired endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity. The present study investigated the effect of chronic low-dose angiotensin II (ANG II) supplementation on the mechanisms of flow-induced dilation (FID) and oxidative stress at the cellular and molecular level in middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed high salt diet.

Methods:
Rats (10 weeks old) were randomly assigned to a low salt diet group (0.4% NaCl in rat chow); high salt diet group (7 days 4% NaCl in rat chow) or HS+ANG II group [7 days high salt diet with 3 days ANG II administration via osmotic minipumps (100 ng/kg per min on days 4–7)]. FID was determined in absence/presence of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX-1,2) inhibitor indomethacin, a selective inhibitor of CYP450 epoxygenase activity (MS-PPOH) and the superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPOL. Gene expression of antioxidative enzymes, and of genes and proteins involved in FID mechanisms were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot. Vascular nitric oxide and superoxide/reactive oxygen species levels were assessed by direct fluorescence. Serum systemic oxidative stress parameters were measured by spectrophotometry.

Results:
Chronic low-dose ANG II supplementation in high salt fed rats restored FID of MCAs, which was nitric oxide, prostanoid and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid dependent. ANG II changed the protein/gene expression of COXs, HIF-1α and VEGF and significantly increased GPx4 and EC-SOD antioxidative enzyme expression, decreased systemic oxidative stress, decreased superoxide/ROS levels and increased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vascular wall.

Conclusion:
Physiological levels of circulating ANG II are crucial to maintain the HIF-1α dependent mechanisms of FID and vascular oxidative balance without affecting mean arterial pressure.
Living Longer Better
Authors: Woods, BA(Biol), MBA Tina , Manson Brown Stephanie , Page Ben 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Aging is a universal feature of life and a complex process at all levels from the biological to the societal. What constitutes older age is subjective and flexible, and how one defines older age is influenced by everchanging individual, generational, and cultural expectations. As the global population ages at an unprecedented rate, we are increasingly confronted with a myriad of challenges associated with aging, including increased healthcare needs and the far-reaching negative consequences of individual and structural agism. However, the shift in world demographics toward an older population is not a growing burden, but an opportunity to reshape our view of older life and proactively embrace healthy aging. Indeed, a healthy person is not defined by the absence of illness, but by the potential for meaningful work, positive relationships, and longevity. Simple preventive measures, such as improved diet and increased exercise, can enhance overall health and quality of life, and growing evidence highlights the potential of positive psychology for improving psychological well-being and overall quality of life. Now more than ever, technological innovation including artificial intelligence can be leveraged to improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of aging, as well as the most effective interventions to enhance resilience and extend healthy longevity. Good health is our greatest asset. It is the responsibility of all—individuals, society, business, science, healthcare systems, and government—to ensure that everyone is well equipped to maintain good health. Together, we can all live better, longer.
A New Model to Simulate Human Facial Appearance, Accurately, and Realistically, across Age and Ethnicity
Authors: Matts Paul J. , Canfield Doug , D’Alessandro Brian 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The human population is aging globally, and there is significant, growing interest in modeling and simulating facial appearance.

Methods:
The authors describe a new means to model and simulate aging in facial images, using an approach based entirely on 3D whole-face data collected from 1250 female subjects, across 5 ethnicities, ages 10–80.

Results:
Three models were built, each describing changes with age within each ethnic group, namely shape, color, and topography. These three models were used to build a simulation able to age or de-age a 2D image of a female subject’s face, with a degree of accuracy and realism not achievable with previous approaches. Simulated images were validated by a cloud-based age estimator.

Conclusions:
The authors have developed a new facial age simulation model, where the use of three submodels (shape, color and topography), built from acquired 3D data, provides both scientifically robust and realistic output. As the data were acquired across five of the world’s major ethnicities, this new model allows valuable insight into changes in the facial appearance of our aging global population.
The Rise of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Approach to Hair Restoration
Authors: Pinto Antonella , Terskikh Alexey V. 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
The advent of pluripotent stem cells following the discovery of Shinya Yamanaka (2012 Nobel prize in Medicine) brought about a regenerative medicine approach to virtually every human condition including hair loss. It is now possible to reprogram somatic cells (eg, blood or skin cells) from a person experiencing hair loss to generate autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which could be amplified and cryopreserved. Subsequently, these iPSCs could be differentiated into various cell types such as dermal papilla cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, and other cell types constituting functional hair follicle. Transplantation of human iPSC-derived folliculogenic cells into the nude mice has successfully generated xenografts with hair outgrowth. Because iPSCs provide a virtually unlimited source of folliculogenic cells for de novo formation of hair follicles, this approach has major advantages over current surgical hair restoration procedures, which merely redistribute existing hair follicles from one part of the sculp to another. Combined with robotics and automation of the transplantation process, this novel regenerative medicine approach is well poised to make hair restoration a routine procedure affordable for everybody who can benefit from it.
An Exploratory Study Into a New Head Ultrasound Marker for Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Authors: Yuan Jing , Cao Xiang , Deng Yingping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Preterm infants are at risk of neurological impairments and long-term developmental delay. Head ultrasound (HUS) is a promising tool for early detection of preterm brain injury and prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes. We performed a retrospective analysis of data of 42 preterm infants with neurodevelopmental follow-up at 12 to 24 months corrected age. Corpus callosum length (CC length) and corpus callosum-fastigium length (CCF length) were measured on the HUS scans. Motor function and communication skills were assessed using evaluation scales. Corpus callosum length and CCF length were correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes using Spearman correlation analysis. Neither CC length nor CCF length correlated with motor developmental outcomes. On early HUS, the CCF length was negatively correlated with symbolic composite percentile ranks (Spearman ρ = −0.49, P = 0.033) and total percentile ranks (Spearman ρ = −0.545, P = 0.016). On follow-up HUS scans, the CCF length was also found to be negatively correlated with social composite raw scores and percentile ranks (Spearman ρ = −0.615, P = 0.005; and Spearman ρ = −0.64, P = 0.003, respectively), symbolic composite raw scores and percentile ranks (Spearman ρ = −0.609, P = 0.006; and Spearman ρ = −0.657, P = 0.002, respectively) and total raw scores and percentile ranks (Spearman ρ = −0.472, P = 0.041; and Spearman ρ = −0.504, P = 0.028, respectively). Corpus callosum-fastigium length measurement on serial HUS is useful in predicting cognitive and behavioral outcomes at corrected age 12 to 24 months.
Using systems thinking methodologies to address health care complexities and evidence implementation
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Lakhani Ali 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Despite health care advances, artificial intelligence and government interventions aiming to improve the health and wellbeing of citizens, huge disparities and failures in care provision exist. This is demonstrated by the rising number of medical errors, increase in readmission rates and mortality rates, and the failure of many health systems to successfully cope with events, such as pandemics and natural disasters. This shortfall is in part because of the complexity of the health care system, the interconnectedness of various parts of service, funding models, the complexity of patients’ conditions, patient and carer needs, and the clinical processes needed for patients via multiple providers.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to describe the use of system thinking methodologies to address complex problems such as those in the public health and health services domains.

Method:
A description of the system thinking methodology and its associated methods including causal loop diagrams, social network analysis and soft system methodology are described with examples in the health care setting.

Results:
There are various models of knowledge translation that have been employed including the Joanna Briggs Institute model of implementation of evidence into practice, the triple C, and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services. However, many of these models are neither scalable nor sustainable, and are most effective for localized projects implemented by trained clinicians and champions in relevant settings.
System thinking is essentially a modelling process, which aims to create opportunities for change via an appreciation of perspective, and recognition that complex problems are a result of interconnected factors. The article argues that systems thinking applications need to move beyond that of addressing complex health issues pertaining to a population, and rather consider complex problems surrounding the delivery of high-quality health care.

Conclusion:
It is important that methods to implement systems thinking methodologies in health care settings are developed and tested.
Off-label drug database
Authors: Grosjean J. , Letord C. , Zana I. , Advenier-Iakovlev E. , Duclos C. , Krebs MO. , Charlet J. , Darmoni SJ. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany drugs are still being prescribed in a “off-label mode” and especially in psychiatry. Off-label prescription situations may vary depending on several factors and such practice is not well identifiable in the literature. Methods: A new public academic drug database has been recently created and is able to contain off-label indications, especially in psychiatry in the context of the PSYHAMM French research project. For each situation, bibliographic references have been collected to make the scientific information available to all. Results: this new off-label drug database contains more than 18,154 lines. It is freely available at https://www.hetop.eu/hetop/medicaments. Several off-label usages have been formally described and the system is extensible to all drugs and all specialties. Conclusion: An off-label drug database can be a valuable tool for health professionals and students.