bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation boost for synchronous solitary inguinal lymph node metastasis during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Chen Mo , Liu Shuai , Xu Meng , Yi Han-chen , Liu Yanping , He Fang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Some patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) present with inguinal lymph node metastases without evidence of other systemic disease, known as solitary inguinal lymph node metastasis (SILNM). These patients may represent a distinct subset who have a more favorable prognosis and should be treated with curative intent. The optimal treatment strategy for these patients has not been determined.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 16 consecutive LARC patients diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2019, who had SILNM, were treated with an inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) radiation boost with curative intent during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and underwent total mesorectal excision (TME). We used Kaplan–Meier survival curves to calculate survival rates, and recorded radiation-related toxicity.

Results
None of these 16 patients developed pelvic or inguinal recurrences, and 3 of the patients developed distant metastases. The 3-year overall survival rate and locoregional relapse-free survival rate were both 100%. The 3-year disease-free rate and distant metastasis-free survival rate were both 81.3%. Of 5 patients who had ILN dissection for suspicious ILNs after neoadjuvant treatment, 2 had residual nodal tumor confirmed. Grade 3 toxicity was found in 5 patients, and no patients had lymphedema or other grade 4 or 5 toxicities.

Conclusions
In LARC patients with synchronous SILNM, a radiation boost to the ILNs during nCRT achieved excellent local control with acceptable toxicity. Though the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear, nCRT with an ILN radiation boost prior to TME may be a reasonable therapeutic approach to consider for this subset of patients.
Effect of drill pipe orbital motion on non-Newtonian fluid flow in an eccentric wellbore: a study with computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Ferroudji Hicham , Hadjadj Ahmed , Ofei Titus Ntow , Gajbhiye Rahul Narayanrao , Rahman Mohammad Azizur , Qureshi M. Fahed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo ensure an effective drilling operation of an explored well, the associated hydraulics program should be established carefully based on the correct prediction of a drilling fluid’s pressure drop and velocity field. For that, the impact of the drill string orbital motion should be considered by drilling engineers since it has an important influence on the flow of drilling fluid and cuttings transport process. In the present investigation, the finite volume method coupled with the sliding mesh approach is used to analyze the influence of the inner cylinder orbital motion on the flow of a power-law fluid (Ostwald-de Waele) in an annular geometry. The findings indicate that the orbital motion positively affects the homogeneity of the power-law axial velocity through the entire eccentric annulus; however, this impact diminishes as the diameter ratio increases. In addition, higher torque is induced when the orbital motion occurs, especially for high values of eccentricity and diameter ratio; nonetheless, a slight decrease in torque is recorded when the fluid velocity increases.
Putting the Squeeze on Compression Garments: Current Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Weakley Jonathon , Broatch James , O’Riordan Shane , Morrison Matthew , Maniar Nirav , Halson Shona L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Compression garments are regularly worn during exercise to improve physical performance, mitigate fatigue responses, and enhance recovery. However, evidence for their efficacy is varied and the methodological approaches and outcome measures used within the scientific literature are diverse.

Objectives
The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of compression garments on commonly assessed outcome measures in response to exercise, including: performance, biomechanical, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, muscle damage, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses.

Methods
A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and CINAHL Complete) was performed from the earliest record to 27 December, 2020.

Results
In total, 183 studies were identified for qualitative analysis with the following breakdown: performance and muscle function outcomes: 115 studies (63%), biomechanical and neuromuscular: 59 (32%), blood and saliva markers: 85 (46%), cardiovascular: 76 (42%), cardiorespiratory: 39 (21%), thermoregulatory: 19 (10%) and perceptual: 98 (54%). Approximately 85% (n = 156) of studies were published between 2010 and 2020.

Conclusions
Evidence is equivocal as to whether garments improve physical performance, with little evidence supporting improvements in kinetic or kinematic outcomes. Compression likely reduces muscle oscillatory properties and has a positive effect on sensorimotor systems. Findings suggest potential increases in arterial blood flow; however, it is unlikely that compression garments meaningfully change metabolic responses, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiorespiratory measures. Compression garments increase localised skin temperature and may reduce perceptions of muscle soreness and pain following exercise; however, rating of perceived exertion during exercise is likely unchanged. It is unlikely that compression garments negatively influence exercise-related outcomes. Future research should assess wearer belief in compression garments, report pressure ranges at multiple sites as well as garment material, and finally examine individual responses and varying compression coverage areas.
Neuromuscular sonography detects changes in muscle echotexture and nerve diameter in ICU patients within 24 h
Authors: Bulinski Catherine , Viard Maxime , Vlazak Alexander , Habig Kathrin , Juenemann Martin , Best Christoph , Schirotzek Ingo , Kaps Manfred , Krämer Heidrun H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
During an ICU stay, changes in muscles and nerves occur that is accessible via neuromuscular sonography.

Methods
17 patients recruited from the neurological and neurosurgical ICU (six women; 66 ± 3 years) and 7 healthy controls (three women, 75 ± 3 years) were included. Muscle sonography (rectus abdominis, biceps, rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles) using gray-scale values (GSVs), and nerve ultrasound (peroneal, tibial and sural nerves) analyzing the cross-sectional area (CSA) were performed on days 1 (t1), 3 (t2), 5 (t3), 8 (t4), and 16 (t5) after admission.

Results
Time course analysis revealed that GSVs were significantly higher within the patient group for all of the investigated muscles (rectus abdominis: F = 7.536; p = 0.011; biceps: F = 14.761; p = 0.001; rectus femoris: F = 9.455; p = 0.005; tibialis anterior: F = 7.282; p = 0.012). The higher GSVs were already visible at t1 or, at the latest, at t2 (tibialis anterior muscles). CSA was enlarged in all of the investigated nerves in the patient group (peroneal nerve: F = 7.129; p = 0.014; tibial nerve: F = 28.976, p < 0.001; sural nerve: F = 13.051; p = 0.001). The changes were visible very early (tibial nerve: t1; peroneal nerve: t2). The CSA of the motor nerves showed an association with the ventilation time and days within the ICU (t1 through t4; p < 0.05).

Discussion
We detected very early changes in the muscles and nerves of ICU-patients. Nerve CSA might be a useful parameter to identify patients who are at risk for difficult weaning. Therefore our observations might be severity signs of neuromuscular suffering for the most severe patients.
Accelerating multi-objective neural architecture search by random-weight evaluation
Authors: Hu Shengran , Cheng Ran , He Cheng , Lu Zhichao , Wang Jing , Zhang Miao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the goal of automated design of high-performance deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), neural architecture search (NAS) methodology is becoming increasingly important for both academia and industries. Due to the costly stochastic gradient descent training of CNNs for performance evaluation, most existing NAS methods are computationally expensive for real-world deployments. To address this issue, we first introduce a new performance estimation metric, named random-weight evaluation (RWE) to quantify the quality of CNNs in a cost-efficient manner. Instead of fully training the entire CNN, the RWE only trains its last layer and leaves the remainders with randomly initialized weights, which results in a single network evaluation in seconds. Second, a complexity metric is adopted for multi-objective NAS to balance the model size and performance. Overall, our proposed method obtains a set of efficient models with state-of-the-art performance in two real-world search spaces. Then the results obtained on the CIFAR-10 dataset are transferred to the ImageNet dataset to validate the practicality of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, ablation studies on NAS-Bench-301 datasets reveal the effectiveness of the proposed RWE in estimating the performance compared to existing methods.
Carbon-Coated Three-Dimensional MXene/Iron Selenide Ball with Core–Shell Structure for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Su Hyun , Lee Yun Jae , Kang Heemin , Park Seung-Keun , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) MXenes are promising as electrode materials for energy storage, owing to their high electronic conductivity and low diffusion barrier. Unfortunately, similar to most 2D materials, MXene nanosheets easily restack during the electrode preparation, which degrades the electrochemical performance of MXene-based materials. A novel synthetic strategy is proposed for converting MXene into restacking-inhibited three-dimensional (3D) balls coated with iron selenides and carbon. This strategy involves the preparation of Fe2O3@carbon/MXene microspheres via a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and subsequent selenization process. Such 3D structuring effectively prevents interlayer restacking, increases the surface area, and accelerates ion transport, while maintaining the attractive properties of MXene. Furthermore, combining iron selenides and carbon with 3D MXene balls offers many more sites for ion storage and enhances the structural robustness of the composite balls. The resultant 3D structured microspheres exhibit a high reversible capacity of 410 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 in potassium-ion batteries, corresponding to the capacity retention of 97% as calculated based on 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 5.0 A g−1, the composite exhibits a discharge capacity of 169 mAh g−1.
Calcium-Doped Boron Nitride Aerogel Enables Infrared Stealth at High Temperature Up to 1300 °C
Authors: Zhu Mengya , Li Guangyong , Gong Wenbin , Yan Lifeng , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBoron nitride (BN) aerogels, composed of nanoscale BN building units together with plenty of air in between these nanoscale building units, are ultralight ceramic materials with excellent thermal/electrical insulation, great chemical stability and high-temperature oxidation resistance, which offer considerable advantages for various applications under extreme conditions. However, previous BN aerogels cannot resist high temperature above 900 °C in air atmosphere, and high-temperature oxidation resistance enhancement for BN aerogels is still a great challenge. Herein, a calcium-doped BN (Ca-BN) aerogel with enhanced high-temperature stability (up to ~  1300 °C in air) was synthesized by introducing Ca atoms into crystal structure of BN building blocks via high-temperature reaction between calcium phosphate and melamine diborate architecture. Such Ca-BN aerogels could resist the burning of butane flame (~  1300 °C) and keep their megashape and microstructure very well. Furthermore, Ca-BN aerogel serves as thermal insulation layer, together with Al foil serving as both low-infrared-emission layer and high-infrared-reflection layer, forming a combination structure that can effectively hide high-temperature target (heated by butane flame). Such successful chemical doping of metal element into crystal structure of BN may be helpful in the future design and fabrication of advanced BN aerogel materials, and further extending their possible applications to extremely high-temperature environments.
Pulsed-laser source characterization in laboratory seismic experiments
Authors: Shen C. , Brito D. , Diaz J. , Sanjuan F. , Bordes C. , Garambois S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to characterize the properties of a laser-generated seismic source for laboratory-scale geophysical experiments. This consisted of generating seismic waves in aluminum blocks and a carbonate core via pulsed-laser impacts and measuring the wave-field displacement via laser vibrometry. The experimental data were quantitatively compared to both theoretical predictions and 2D/3D numerical simulations using a finite element method. Two well-known and distinct physical mechanisms of seismic wave generation via pulsed-laser were identified and characterized accordingly: a thermoelastic regime for which the incident laser power was relatively weak, and an ablation regime at higher incident powers. The radiation patterns of the pulsed-laser seismic source in both regimes were experimentally measured and compared with that of a typical ultrasonic transducer. This study showed that this point-like, contact-free, reproducible, simple-to-use laser-generated seismic source was an attractive alternative to piezoelectric sources for laboratory seismic experiments, especially those concerning small scale, sub-meter measurements.
Can negative emotions increase students’ plagiarism and cheating?
Authors: Tindall Isabeau K. , Fu Kit Wing , Tremayne Kell , Curtis Guy J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe challenges of higher education can be stressful, anxiety-producing, and sometimes depressing for students. Such negative emotions may influence students’ attitudes toward assessment, such as whether it is perceived as acceptable to engage in plagiarism. However, it is not known whether any impact of negative emotions on attitudes toward plagiarism translate into actual plagiarism behaviours. In two studies conducted at two universities (Study 1 N = 718; Study 2 N = 490), we examined whether negative emotionality influenced plagiarism behaviour via attitudes, norms, and intentions as predicted by the theory of planned behaviour. In both studies, negative affect predicted plagiarism intentions mediated by perceived norms, and intentions predicted plagiarism behaviour. These findings suggest that students’ negative emotionality is a risk for plagiarism engagement and that higher education institutions should support students’ emotional well-being, especially regarding assessment practices.
Interdependence of Growth, Structure, Size and Resource Consumption During an Economic Growth Cycle
Authors: King Carey W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper explains how the Human and Resources with MONEY (HARMONEY) economic growth model exhibits realistic dynamic interdependencies relating resources consumption, growth, and structural change. We explore dynamics of three major structural metrics of an economy. First, we show that an economic transition to relative decoupling of gross domestic product (GDP) from resource consumption is an expected pattern that occurs because of physical limits to growth, not a response to avoid physical limits. While increasing operational resource efficiency does increase the level of relative decoupling, so does a change in pricing from one based on full costs to one based only on marginal costs that neglect depreciation and interest payments. Marginal cost pricing leads to higher debt ratios and a perception of higher levels of relative resource decoupling. Second, if assuming full labor bargaining power for wages, when a previously-growing economy reaches peak resource extraction and GDP, wages remain high but profits and debt decline to zero. By removing bargaining power, profits can remain positive at the expense of declining wages. Third, the internal structure of HARMONEY evolves in the same way the post-World War II U.S. economy. This is measured as the distribution of intermediate transactions within the input-output tables of both the model and U.S. economy.
Testen als evidenzbasierte Lernmethode: Empirische und theoretische Gründe für eine Anwendung im Unterricht
Authors: Barenberg Jonathan , Dutke Stephan 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Schule und Hochschule werden Tests meist als Instrument zur Leistungsüberprüfung und -bewertung eingesetzt. Dabei weisen Ansätze des evidenzbasierten Lehrens und Lernens darauf hin, dass Testen als Abrufübung auch zur Lernförderung eingesetzt werden können. Es werden drei Argumente erörtert, die für eine Anwendung von Abrufübungen als Lernmethode in der Unterrichtspraxis sprechen: (1) Entwicklung der Testeffektforschung von Laborkontexten zu Anwendungskontexten sowie direkte Effekte des Testens auf (2) den Transfer von Wissen und (3) auf unterrichtsrelevante, metakognitive Prozesse. Abschließend werden sowohl Schlussfolgerungen für die Umsetzung von Abrufübungen im Unterricht beschrieben als auch Konsequenzen für den Wissenschafts-Praxis-Transfer diskutiert.
Comparison of historical and current temperatures in show caves (Slovenia)
Authors: Šebela Stanka , Turk Janez 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorical air temperatures at three karst caves in Slovenia have been compared to current data time series. In Postojnska Jama (PJ), the most visited show cave in Slovenia, the significant temperature difference between historical and modern measurements at the Pulpito site relates to the months April to November. Mean monthly temperatures measured at the Sepolcro site (PJ) in the modern period (2016–2019) are year round significantly higher than in the historical period (1935–1937). The temperature increase over the last 85 years in PJ is attributed to outside temperature rise and additional heat input from visitors, especially for Sepolcro site. A comparison of current (2017–2019) and historical (1956–1957) temperature data in touristically poorly visited Predjama Cave shows lower increase as in PJ and is completely related to outside cave conditions. In the case of Škocjanske Jame (Tiha Jama), air temperature has not significantly increased since the historical 1928 measurements because the monitoring site looks to be morphologically isolated from significant impacts of outside climate and visitors.
Analysis the influence of pulse-to-pulse stability of modulator on high-power microwave output of pulsed klystron
Authors: Liu Yongfang , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Li Lin , Gu Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractX-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility based on electron linear accelerator (LINAC) is regarded as one kind of the fourth-generation light source with the characteristics of high intensity, exceptional brightness, ultrashort pulse duration, and spatial coherence. In electron linear accelerator, energy of beam bunches is provided by high-power electromagnetic microwaves which are generated by a microwave tube called klystron. The stability of beam voltage of klystron occupies a key position in both the stability of output RF (Radio Frequency) power and the jitter of output RF phase, furthermore, it plays an extremely important role in beam energy stability of electron linear accelerator. In this paper, high power RF fluctuation and phase jitter of klystron output caused by beam voltage instability of klystron are analyzed and calculated. Influence of klystron beam voltage instability on beam energy gain in linear accelerator have also been further analyzed and calculated. The calculating procedure is particularly valuable for us to understand the relationship between pulse modulator stability and beam energy gain fluctuations. Finally, relevant experimental results measured by Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser Test Facility (SXFEL-TF) is presented.
Operation analysis of C3-MR process cold box by grey system theory
Authors: Yang Yuan , Xiao Chuantao , Jia Zhipeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the problems of high refrigerant line differential pressure and uneven distribution of cold energy in cold box regulation under C3-MR process are studied. Five reasons are predicted by engineering performance. Using gas chromatography experiment and grey system pure mathematics analysis, it is determined that the main causes of the problem are unreasonable distribution ratio of each group of mixed refrigerants and disordered latent heat of vaporization of refrigerants. Furthermore, the grey system model is used to study: 1. grey relation analysis model shows that the correlation degree of T3 temperature measuring point is 0.8552, which is the only main factor. The abnormal working condition is determined by the project to be caused by incorrect proportion of N2 components. 2. According to GM(1,N) model, the driving term of T3 temperature measuring point is 3.8304, which needs to be supplemented with N2 component to eliminate the problem. 3. After adding N2 to 10% (mol component), abnormal working conditions disappeared. The GM(1,N) model is used again to verify that the difference of driving results is small, the average relative error is 24.91%, and the accuracy of the model is in compliance.
Norms of inclusions between some spaces of analytic functions
Authors: Llinares Adrián 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe inclusions between the Besov spaces $$B^q$$

B
q

, the Bloch space $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
and the standard weighted Bergman spaces $$A^p_{\alpha}$$

A
α
p

are completely understood, but the norms of the corresponding inclusion operators are in general unknown. In this work, we compute or estimate asymptotically the norms of these inclusions.
Autonomous maneuver strategy of swarm air combat based on DDPG
Authors: Wang Luhe , Hu Jinwen , Xu Zhao , Zhao Chunhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been found significantly important in the air combats, where intelligent and swarms of UAVs will be able to tackle with the tasks of high complexity and dynamics. The key to empower the UAVs with such capability is the autonomous maneuver decision making. In this paper, an autonomous maneuver strategy of UAV swarms in beyond visual range air combat based on reinforcement learning is proposed. First, based on the process of air combat and the constraints of the swarm, the motion model of UAV and the multi-to-one air combat model are established. Second, a two-stage maneuver strategy based on air combat principles is designed which include inter-vehicle collaboration and target-vehicle confrontation. Then, a swarm air combat algorithm based on deep deterministic policy gradient strategy (DDPG) is proposed for online strategy training. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated by multi-scene simulations. The results show that the algorithm is suitable for UAV swarms of different scales.