bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using corneal confocal microscopy to compare Mecobalamin intramuscular injections vs oral tablets in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a RCT
Authors: Zhang Yuanjin , Fan Dongsheng , Zhang Yixuan , Zhang Shuo , Wang Haikun , Liu Ziyuan , Wang Hongli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis randomized controlled study used corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to compare the efficacy of Mecobalamin intramuscular injections vs oral tablets in treating mild to moderate diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by detecting early nerve fiber repair. Enrolled patients were randomized approximately 1:1 to receive Mecobalamin intramuscular injections (0.5 mg/day, 3 times/week) or Mecobalamin oral tablets (1.5 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Primary outcome was change of inferior whorl length (IWL) from baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes of corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and the Survey of Autonomic Symptoms (SAS). 15 (93.75%) patients in the injection group and 17 (89.47%) patients in the tablet group completed the study. The injection treatment significantly improved patients’ IWL from baseline (21.64 ± 3.00 mm/mm2 vs 17.64 ± 4.83 mm/mm2, P < 0.01) while the tablet treatment didn’t. Additionally, the injection treatment led to significantly improved CNFL, CNBD and SAS from baseline (all P < 0.05) while the tablet treatment did not. No patient experienced any adverse events. In conclusion, CCM is sensitive enough to detect the superior efficacy of 8-week Mecobalamin intramuscular injection treatment for DPN compared to the oral tablet treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04372316 (30/04/2020).
Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
Authors: Cau Andrea , Beyrand Vincent , Barsbold Rinchen , Tsogtbaatar Khishigjav , Godefroit Pascal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe furcula is a distinctive element of the pectoral skeleton in birds, which strengthens the shoulder region to withstand the rigor of flight. Although its origin among theropod dinosaurs is now well-supported, the homology of the furcula relative to the elements of the tetrapod pectoral girdle (i.e., interclaviclevsclavicles) remains controversial. Here, we report the identification of the furcula in the birdlike theropodHalszkaraptor escuilliei. The bone is unique among furculae in non-avian dinosaurs in bearing a visceral articular facet in the hypocleideal end firmly joined to and overlapped by the sternal plates, a topographical pattern that supports the primary homology of the furcula with the interclavicle. The transformation of the interclavicle into the furcula in early theropods is correlated to the loss of the clavicles, and reinforced the interconnection between the contralateral scapulocoracoids, while relaxing the bridge between the scapulocoracoids with the sternum. The function of the forelimbs in theropod ancestors shifted from being a component of the locomotory quadrupedal module to an independent module specialized to grasping. The later evolution of novel locomotory modules among maniraptoran theropods, involving the forelimbs, drove the re-acquisition of a tighter connection between the scapulocoracoids and the interclavicle with the sternal complex.
Silicon mitigates nutritional stress in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Sales Ana Carolina , Campos Cid Naudi Silva , de Souza Junior Jonas Pereira , da Silva Dalila Lopes , Oliveira Kamilla Silva , de Mello Prado Renato , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNutritional deficiency is common in several regions of quinoa cultivation. Silicon (Si) can attenuate the stress caused by nutritional deficiency, but studies on the effects of Si supply on quinoa plants are still scarce. Given this scenario, our objective was to evaluate the symptoms in terms of tissue, physiological and nutritional effects of quinoa plants submitted to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) deficiencies under Si presence. The experiment consisted of a factorial scheme 6 × 2, using a complete solution (CS), -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg combined with absence and presence of Si (1.5 mmol L−1). Symptomatic, physiological, nutritional and evaluation vegetative were performed in quinoa crop. The deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in quinoa cultivation caused visual symptoms characteristic of the deficiency caused by respective nutrients, hence decreasing the plant dry mass. However, Si supply attenuated the deficiency effects by preserving the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing the chlorophyll production, increasing the membrane integrity, and decreasing the electrolyte leakage. Thus, the Si supply attenuated the visual effects provided by deficiency of all nutrients, but stood out for N and Ca, because it reflected in a higher dry mass production. This occurred because, the Si promoted higher synthesis and protection of chlorophylls, and lower electrolyte leakage under Ca restriction, as well as decreased electrolyte leakage under N restriction.
Ambulatory circadian monitoring in sleep disordered breathing patients and CPAP treatment
Authors: Martinez-Nicolas Antonio , Guaita Marc , Santamaría Joan , Montserrat Josep M. , Madrid Juan Antonio , Rol María Angeles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate the circadian rhythm of motor activity, body position and integrated variable TAP (composed by wrist Temperature, motor Activity and body Position) in Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB), its relation to SDB severity and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on these circadian rhythms. To do this, we monitored motor activity and body position rhythms of 78 SDB patients (53.3 ± 1.2 years old, 26.9% women) and 32 healthy subjects (51.4 ± 3.2 years old, 43.8% women) for 1 week. On the last day of that week, SDB patients underwent a polysomnography followed by a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Multiple Sleep Latency Test and Sustained Attention to Response Task protocol. A subgroup of 18 moderate to severe SDB patients was treated with CPAP and monitored again after 3 months under treatment. A non-parametrical analysis was performed to characterize the circadian patterns to assess differences between groups and associations between sleep and circadian parameters. Circadian variables were altered in SDB, exhibiting a direct relationship to SDB severity. The motor activity pattern showed a clear improvement with CPAP treatment. Thus, circadian ambulatory monitoring, including the integrated variable TAP, could be used to evaluate the circadian alterations caused by SDB and activity pattern to monitor the effect of CPAP treatment.
Endotrophin and C6Ma3, serological biomarkers of type VI collagen remodelling, reflect endoscopic and clinical disease activity in IBD
Authors: Lindholm Majken , Godskesen Line E. , Manon-Jensen Tina , Kjeldsen Jens , Krag Aleksander , Karsdal Morten A. , Mortensen Joachim H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the chronic inflammation deeply affects the intestinal extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate if remodeling of the intestinal basement membrane type VI collagen was associated with pathophysiological changes in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Serum from IBD patients (CD: n = 65; UC: n = 107; irritable bowel syndrome: n = 18; healthy subjects: n = 20) was investigated in this study. The serological biomarkers C6Ma3 (a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) generated fragment of the type VI collagen α3 chain) and PRO-C6, also called endotrophin (the C-terminus of the released C5 domain of the type VI collagen α3 chain) were measured by ELISAs. Serum C6Ma3 was increased in CD patients with moderate to severe and mild endoscopically active disease compared to endoscopic remission (p = 0.002, p = 0.0048), respectively, and could distinguish endoscopically active disease from remission with an AUC of 1.0 (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 100%) (p < 0.0001), which was superior to CRP. C6Ma3 was increased in CD patients with moderate to severe clinical disease compared to mild and remission (p = 0.04; p = 0.009). Serum PRO-C6, endotrophin, was increased in CD patients in clinically remission compared to mild disease (p = 0.04) and moderate to severe disease (p = 0.065). In UC, fecal calprotectin was the only marker that alone could distinguish both clinical and endoscopic active and inactive disease. Type VI collagen degradation of the α3 chain mediated by MMPs was increased in CD patients with endoscopically active disease, measured by the serological biomarker C6Ma3, which was able to distinguish endoscopically active from inactive CD.
Equatorial ionization anomaly response to lunar phase and stratospheric sudden warming
Authors: Wu Tsung-Yu , Liu Jann-Yenq , Chang Loren C. , Lin Chien‐Hung , Chiu Yi-Chung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the ionosphere response to gravitational forces of the lunar phase and dynamical disturbances of the stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs). The total electron content (TEC) of global ionosphere maps is employed to examine responses of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests to lunar phases and twelve SSW events during 2000–2013. The most prominent feature in the ionosphere is the EIA, characterized by two enhanced TEC crests at low latitudes straddling the magnetic equator, which can be used to observe ionospheric plasma dynamics and structures. Results show that the EIA crest appearance time on new/full moons (first/third quarters) leads (lags) that of the overall 14-year average, which causes a pattern of TEC morning enhancements (suppressions) and afternoon suppressions (enhancements). A statistical analysis shows that SSWs can also significantly cause the early appearance of EIA crests, regardless of the lunar phase. Thus, both lunar phase and SSWs can significantly modulate the appearance time of EIA crest and ionospheric plasma dynamics and structures.
Clinicopathologic profiling and oncologic outcomes of secretory carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Gong Piguo , Xia Chen , Yang Yifeng , Lei Wang , Yang Weiping , Yu Junhua , Ji Yishun , Ren Lijun , Ye Fugui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSecretory carcinoma of the breast (SCB) is a rather rare entity of invasive breast cancer, the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes remain to be elaborated. A retrospective review was conducted in SEER database. A total of 190 SCB patients identified in SEER were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range 2–96 years). Both sexes and bilateral breast could be affected. Intriguingly, the incidence of SCB tended towards to decreasing in recent decades. Small tumor burden was observed with a mean tumor size of 2.13 cm. In a subgroup with sufficient details, positive staining of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was 58% and 40%, respectively. The vast majority of patients were of well to moderate differentiation (86.86%) and negative regional lymph nodes involvement (70.71%). Nearly half of the patients took radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Seniors were inclined to have an inferior breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) than their younger counterparts (P = 0.018). Patients underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy had much better BCSS than its mastectomy counterparts (P = 0.014). Collectively, SCB is a clinical indolent invasive breast cancer with excellent prognosis. BCS in conjunction with radiotherapy would be a rational alternative for this distinct entity.
Observation of robust charge transfer under strain engineering in two-dimensional MoS2-WSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Zheng Shu-Wen , Wang Hai-Yu , Wang Lei , Luo Yang , Gao Bing-Rong , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: July 2021

Different strain responses in monolayer MoS2 (WSe2) and robust charge transfer in MoS2-WSe2 heterostructures were demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
Doyle–Kirmse reaction using 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfide and N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole: an efficient access to gem-difluoroallylated multifunctional quaternary carbon
Authors: Wang Jiazhuang , Yu Jingwen , Chen Junyu , Jiang Yubo , Xiao Tiebo 
Published: July 2021

A Rh(ii)-catalyzed Doyle–Kirmse reaction of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole with 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfide been developed, which provides an efficient access to gem-difluoroallyl containing multifunctional quaternary center.
PRGFlow: Unified SWAP‐aware deep global optical flow for aerial robot navigation
Authors: Sanket Nitin J. , Singh Chahat Deep , Fermüller Cornelia , Aloimonos Yiannis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobal optical flow estimation is the foundation stone for obtaining odometry which is used to enable aerial robot navigation. However, such a method has to be of low latency and high robustness whilst also respecting the size, weight, area and power (SWAP) constraints of the robot. A combination of cameras coupled with inertial measurement units (IMUs) has proven to be the best combination in order to obtain such low latency odometry on resource‐constrained aerial robots. Recently, deep learning approaches for visual inertial fusion have gained momentum due to their high accuracy and robustness. However, an equally noteworthy benefit for robotics of these techniques are their inherent scalability (adaptation to different sized aerial robots) and unification (same method works on different sized aerial robots). To this end, we present a deep learning approach called PRGFlow for obtaining global optical flow and then loosely fuse it with an IMU for full 6‐DoF (Degrees of Freedom) relative pose estimation (which is then integrated to obtain odometry). The network is evaluated on the MSCOCO dataset and the dead‐reckoned odometry on multiple real‐flight trajectories without any fine‐tuning or re‐training. A detailed benchmark comparing different network architectures and loss functions to enable scalability is also presented. It is shown that the method outperforms classical feature matching methods by 2 under noisy data. The supplementary material and code can be found at http://prg.cs.umd.edu/PRGFlow.
nazgul: A statistical approach to gamma-ray burst localization
Authors: Michael Burgess J. , Cameron Ewan , Svinkin Dmitry , Greiner Jochen 
Published: July 2021

Context. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be located via arrival time signal triangulation using gamma-ray detectors in orbit throughout the solar system. The classical approach based on cross-correlations of binned light curves ignores the Poisson nature of the time series data, and it is unable to model the full complexity of the problem.
Aims. We aim to present a statistically proper and robust GRB timing and triangulation algorithm as a modern update to the original procedures used for the interplanetary network.
Methods. A hierarchical Bayesian forward model for the unknown temporal signal evolution is learned via random Fourier features and fitted to each detector’s time series data with time differences that correspond to the position GRBs on the sky via the appropriate Poisson likelihood.
Results. Our novel method can robustly estimate the position of a GRB as verified via simulations. The uncertainties generated by the method are robust and in many cases more precise compared to the classical method. Thus, we have a method that can become a valuable tool for gravitational wave follow-up.
Perioperativer Einsatz des WOMAC-, MSK-HQ- und STarT-MSK-Fragebogens bei endoprothetischem Eingriff im Bereich des Kniegelenks
Authors: Weishaar Vanessa , Höhm Mareike , Licht Stefan , Karstens Sven 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Implantation einer Knie-Endoprothese ist eine der häufigsten Operationen in deutschen Krankenhäusern. Um den Prozess zu dokumentieren, sollten u. a. die Alltagsbeeinträchtigung und die spezifische, auf den Bewegungsapparat bezogene Lebensqualität der Patienten erhoben werden. Ziel der Analyse war es, die Praktikabilität der Fragebögen STarT-MSK, WOMAC und MSK-HQ anhand einer Pilotstudie im Design einer einarmigen Kohortenstudie im perioperativen Einsatz zu prüfen. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten ≥ 18 Jahre alt, die eine Knie-Endoprothese erhalten sollten. Ausgeschlossen wurden Patienten, die nicht gehfähig waren, für die eine Wechselprothesen-Operation geplant war und die die Fragebögen aufgrund einer Sprachbarriere nicht bearbeiten konnten.Als Erhebungsinstrumente wurden die Fragebögen STarT-MSK, WOMAC und MSK-HQ ausgegeben. Die Erhebung erfolgte zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (prä-/postoperativ). Bestimmt wurde der Anteil fehlender Werte oder ungültiger Angaben nicht auswertbarer Fragebögen. Die Patienten waren im Mittel 70 ± 8,2 (SD) Jahre alt (6w, 9 m). Präoperativ konnten der MSK-HQ und der WOMAC zu 93 % bzw. 87 % ausgewertet werden, postoperativ zur Entlassung zu 39 % bzw. 15 %. Der STarT-MSK konnte präoperativ zu 60 % ausgewertet werden.Die Pilotierung der einzusetzenden Erhebungsinstrumente vor der Durchführung der Hauptstudie erwies sich als sehr wertvoll. Der MSK-HQ erfuhr postoperativ eine bessere Akzeptanz als der WOMAC und wird daher in der Hauptstudie als primäres Outcome eingesetzt werden. Die Anzahl fehlender Werte soll durch eine Umstellung auf eine elektronische Erhebung verringert werden.
Benefit of Endoscopic Surgery in the Management of Acute Invasive Skull Base Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: D'Andrea Megan R. , Gill Corey M. , Umphlett Melissa , Govindaraj Satish , Del Signore Anthony , Bederson Joshua B. , Iloreta Alfred M.C. , Shrivastava Raj K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective This article aims to characterize 14 patients who underwent purely endoscopic surgical debridement of acute invasive skull base fungal rhinosinusitis, and to evaluate postoperative outcomes and risk for recurrence.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Tertiary single-institution neurosurgery department.Participants We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with skull base fungal infections treated with a purely endoscopic surgical approach at Mount Sinai Hospital from 1998 to 2018.Main Outcome Measures Clinical presentation, number of recurrences, and mortality rate.Results The most common underlying medical comorbidities were hematologic malignancy in 8 (57.1%) patients and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in 7 (50%) patients. Presenting symptoms included headache (50%), eye pain (35.7%), facial pain (28.6%), visual changes (21.4%), and nasal congestion (14.3%). The fungal organisms identified on culture were Aspergillus (42.9%), Mucorales (28.6%), Fusarium (14.3%), Penicillium (7.1%), and unspecified (7.1%). Eight (57.1%) patients developed recurrence and required multiple surgical debridements. Patients who had only a hematologic malignancy were more likely to require multiple surgical debridements compared with those who did not have a hematologic malignancy or those who had both hematologic malignancy and underlying diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03). The mortality rate from surgery was 42.9%.Conclusion Surgical endoscopic intervention is an option for definitive management of acute invasive skull base fungal rhinosinusitis; however, postoperative mortality and risk of recurrence requiring additional surgical interventions remains high. Patients with hematologic malignancy may be more susceptible to recurrent infection requiring multiple surgical debridements. We recommend early aggressive multimodal treatment. Multiple debridements may be warranted in most cases; close clinical surveillance is needed during neurosurgical intervention.
Surviving winter on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Pikas suppress energy demands and exploit yak feces to survive winter
Authors: Speakman John R. , Chi Qingsheng , Ołdakowski Łukasz , Fu Haibo , Fletcher Quinn E. , Hambly Catherine , Togo Jacques , Liu Xinyu , Piertney Stuart B. , Wang Xinghao , Zhang Liangzhi , Redman Paula , Wang Lu , Tang Gangbin , Li Yongguo , Cui Jianguo , Thomson Peter J. , Wang Zengli , Glover Paula , Robertson Olivia C. , Zhang Yanming , Wang Dehua 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceEndothermic animals must survive periods of seasonally lowered temperature, coincident with lowered food supply. While we know much about hibernation and migration as survival strategies, the responses of nonhibernating, nonmigrating species are more opaque, yet how these animals survive such periods is important to understand their potential susceptibility to climate change. Here, we report on a 13-y study of a species of lagomorph (plateau pika) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We show pikas suppress their metabolism in winter and exploit a novel food source (feces of its supposed competitor, the domestic yak), which may contribute to their survival. Deposition of a fat store in the fall and its progressive utilization was not part of the overwinter strategy.
A large-scale experiment finds no evidence that a seismic survey impacts a demersal fish fauna
Authors: Meekan Mark G. , Speed Conrad W. , McCauley Robert D. , Fisher Rebecca , Birt Matthew J. , Currey-Randall Leanne M. , Semmens Jayson M. , Newman Stephen J. , Cure Katherine , Stowar Marcus , Vaughan Brigit , Parsons Miles J. G. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Seismic surveys are used to locate deposits of oil and gas in seabeds throughout the world’s oceans. There are conflicting views on the impact of these surveys on fish fauna and whether they harm commercial catches. To resolve this issue, we conducted an experimental seismic survey and monitored the composition, abundance, behavior, and movement of an assemblage of commercially important demersal fishes on a shelf habitat using acoustic telemetry and underwater video. We found that the seismic survey did not alter fish abundance or behavior in multiple before-after-control-impact and dose–response experimental frameworks. Our work may allay some of the concerns of stakeholders about the negative impacts of seismic surveys on demersal fishes in tropical shelf environments.
An exploration of poetological manipulation on Howard Goldblatt’s translation of Mo Yan’s Life and Death Are
Wearing Me Out
Authors: Liu Hu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Drawing on André Lefevere’s rewriting theory, this paper explores how Howard Goldblatt translates Mo Yan’s novel
Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out (hereafter referred to as L&D) with regard to
poetological manipulation. The paper analyses in detail how the translator rewrites the novel’s poetological features, including
its unique linguistic, stylistic and narrative features, to produce a translation which is accessible to the intended audience. On
the basis of this analysis, the paper identifies three characteristics of Goldblatt’s poetological rewriting: (1) macro-stylistic
consistency with the source text, i.e. overall stylistic conformity to the original work; (2) simplification principle; (3)
typical features of authentic English writing. The analysis reveals poetological manipulation in the translation process, from
which we infer that rewriting in favour of the target poetological currents is the best way to achieve reader acceptance.