bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of price information and communication in markets with capacity constraints: An experiment
Authors: Momsen Katharina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLimited price information and miscoordination reduce buyer surplus in markets with capacity‐constrained sellers. In an experiment, I study the effects of facilitating buyer coordination through communication and increasing the availability of price information. Improved coordination leads to an increase in trade and, under full price information, in prices. Whereas sellers benefit, buyers suffer more from the increase in prices than they benefit from the increase in trade. The impact of better price information depends on the presence of communication: with communication, an additional informed buyer induces sellers to raise their prices, yet without communication, one additional informed buyer provokes a price decrease.
A case report on the use of 755‐nm alexandrite picosecond laser in the treatment of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation in the nose
Authors: Ren Rongxin , Zhao Hongyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPost‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), a common sequela of acute or chronic cutaneous inflammation, is an acquired pigmentary disorder. The main treatments for PIH, such as topical agents, photoprotection, and chemical peeling, demonstrated different efficacies with inconsistent outcomes. Here, we reported a case of nasal PIH treated using a 755‐nm alexandrite picosecond laser. The patient (female, aged 36 years) presented with a brown macula on the left side of the nasal dorsum 2 years ago, received treatment, and was followed up in the Plastic Surgery Department of Beijing hospital.
Luteal phase deficiency during the early trimester in a case with secondary hypopituitarism following craniopharyngioma resection
Authors: Xia Hexia , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 31‐year‐old woman, who had been diagnosed with craniopharyngioma (CP) at the age of 13, suffered secondary hypopituitarism after two surgical resections of CP, receiving supplement of levothyroxine, cortisone, and sequential estrogen and progesterone because of primary amenorrhea. She managed to conceive after ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin. Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) was found during the first trimester, as the progesterone stayed at a low level between 0.07 and 1.63 ng/ml within seven gestational weeks, followed by a gradual rise from 4.01 up to 34.70 ng/ml in the 11th week, which was mainly secreted by the placenta. Estrogen and progesterone were administered to the patient as luteal support until the 12th week, who succeeded in delivering a healthy baby at term. In conclusion, the patient with hypopituitarism who develops severe LPD during the early pregnancy may need luteal support until 12th week.
Malignant struma ovarii: From case to analysis
Authors: Ayhan Sevgi , Kilic Fatih , Ersak Burak , Aytekin Okan , Akar Serra , Turkmen Osman , Akgul Giray , Toyran Atahan , Turan Taner , Kimyon Comert Gunsu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinico‐pathologic features, treatment options, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of malignant struma ovarii based on a systematic literature review in association with our case study.MethodsA systematic review of the medical literature was performed to identify articles about malignant struma ovarii from January 1983 until July 2020. We evaluated 178 cases.ResultsThe 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 72.5% and 91%, respectively. In univariate analysis, younger age (<43 years), whole strumal cyst diameter >95 mm, presence of a histologic type other than papillary classic‐type thyroid carcinoma within the tumor and lymphovascular space invasion were related to poor PFS. Patients who received radioactive iodine ablation (RIA) before the treatment failure had significantly higher PFS than those who did not receive RIA (94.9% vs. 64.8%, p = 0.041, respectively). In univariate analysis, PFS was significantly higher in patients who underwent gynecologic surgery followed by thyroidectomy and RIA compared with those who had surgical treatment only (94.5% vs. 64.3%, p = 0.05, respectively). However, this result could not be identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p = 0.207). Younger age and absence of capsular involvement were related to significantly increased OS. Histologic type was the only independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio: 3.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.122–9.748; p = 0.030)ConclusionThe most common histologic subtype was the papillary classic type. The presence of a histologic type other than the classic papillary thyroid carcinoma within the tumor was an independent adverse prognostic factor.
Preventing recurrent preterm birth with 125 mg of 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Authors: Fukuda Toma , Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tsuyoshi , Yasuda Shun , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThere is strong evidence that weekly intramuscular (IM) injections of 250 mg of 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC) reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth (PTB); however, whether a lower dose of 17‐OHPC could reduce the risk of recurrent PTB remains unclear. This study aimed to assess whether 125 mg of 17‐OHPC reduces recurrent PTB among women with a prior singleton spontaneous PTB and cervical length >25 mm.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study at a tertiary‐care medical center in Japan included women with a prior singleton spontaneous PTB between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation and cervical length >25 mm, between 2008 and 2018. Primary outcomes were PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation. We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a multiple logistic regression model. Gestational age at delivery was compared using the Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log‐rank test.ResultsOverall, 173 women met the inclusion criteria. Eighty‐four women received weekly injections of 125 mg of 17‐OHPC, and 89 did not. Treatment with 125 mg of 17‐OHPC significantly reduced the risk of recurrent spontaneous PTB <37 (aOR: 0.156 [95% CI: 0.049–0.497]) and <34 weeks' gestation (aOR: 0.156 [95% CI: 0.049–0.497]). The mean delivery gestational age was also significantly longer in the 17‐OHPC group (log‐rank p = 0.005).ConclusionsIn this study population, weekly IM injections of 125 mg of 17‐OHPC reduced the risk of recurrent PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation.
Limits of therapeutic intervention in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in patients with major congenital anomalies in Brazil
Authors: Gibelli Maria A B C , de Carvalho Werther B , Krebs Vera L J 
Published: July 2021

AimMajor congenital anomalies are an important cause of death in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Therapeutic interventions and the suspension of those already in place often raise ethical dilemmas in neonatal care.MethodsWe analysed treatments—such as ventilatory support, vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, sedation/or analgesia, central venous access and other invasive procedures—offered up to 48 h before death to all newborns with major congenital anomalies over a 3‐year period in a NICU in Brazil. We also gathered information contained in medical records concerning conversations with the families and decisions to limit therapeutic interventions.ResultsWe enrolled 74 newborns who were hospitalised from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. A total of 81.1% had central venous access, 74.3% were on ventilatory support, 56.8% received antibiotics and 43.2% used some sedative/analgesic drugs in their final moments. Conversations were registered in medical records in 76% of cases, and 46% of the families chose therapeutic intervention limits. Those who chose to limit therapeutic interventions asked for less exposure to vasoactive drugs (P = 0.003) and antibiotics (P = 0.003), as well as fewer invasive procedures (P = 0.046). There was no change in ventilatory support (P = 0.66), and palliative extubation was not performed for any patient.ConclusionsThe therapeutic intervention was mainly characterised by maintenance of the current treatment when a terminal situation was identified with no introduction of new treatments that could increase suffering. The families' approach proved to be essential for making difficult decisions in the NICU.
Daytime and nocturnal activity in treated dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to matched unaffected controls
Authors: Barry Megan , Cameron Starr , Kent Sean , Barnes‐Heller Heidi , Grady Kylie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn dogs, antiepileptic drugs (AED) cause lethargy but quantitative data regarding the effects of AED on activity levels are not available, and little is known about how AEDs affect sleep quality.ObjectiveTo quantitatively compare activity levels and nocturnal activity in dogs previously diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) receiving AEDs compared to age‐ and breed‐matched control dogs.AnimalsSixty‐two dogs with IE and 310 control dogs.MethodsThis is a 3‐month prospective parallel observational study. An activity monitoring device for dogs was used to measure daily activity levels and sleep scores in all dogs.ResultsDogs with IE treated with AEDs had an 18% average lower baseline activity level compared to control dogs (P = .005; point estimate = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75‐0.90). The combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide (KBr) was associated with an average 28% decrease in activity in dogs with IE compared to control dogs (P = .03; point estimate = 0.72; CI, 0.62‐0.82). Mean sleep scores were not significantly different in dogs with IE receiving AEDs compared to control dogs (P = .43). However, higher dosages of KBr were associated with lower sleep scores (P = .01).ConclusionsDogs with IE receiving AEDs have lower activity levels, but no difference in sleep scores, compared to controls. The combination of phenobarbital and KBr had the largest decrease in activity between groups. Higher doses of KBr may affect nocturnal activity in epileptic dogs.
Multigenerational backcrossing and introgression between two woodrat species at an abrupt ecological transition
Authors: Jahner Joshua P. , Parchman Thomas L. , Matocq Marjorie D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen organisms experience secondary contact after allopatric divergence, genomic regions can introgress differentially depending on their relationships with adaptation, reproductive isolation, recombination, and drift. Analyses of genome‐wide patterns of divergence and introgression could provide insight into the outcomes of hybridization and the potential relationship between allopatric divergence and reproductive isolation. Here, we generate population genetic data (26,262 SNPs; 353 individuals) using a reduced‐representation sequencing approach to quantify patterns of ancestry, differentiation, and introgression between a pair of ecologically distinct mammals—the desert woodrat (N. lepida) and Bryant's woodrat (N. bryanti)—that hybridize at a sharp ecotone in southern California. Individual ancestry estimates confirmed that hybrids were rare in this bimodal hybrid zone, and entirely consisted of a few F1 individuals and a broad range of multigenerational backcrosses. Genomic cline analyses indicated more than half of loci had elevated introgression from one genomic background into the other. However, introgression was not associated with relative or absolute measures of divergence, and loci with extreme values for both were not typically found near detoxification enzymes previously implicated in dietary specialization for woodrats. The decoupling of differentiation and introgression suggests that processes other than adaptation, such as drift, may underlie the extreme clines at this contact zone.
Autophosphorylation of the KaiC‐like protein ArlH inhibits oligomerization and interaction with ArlI, the motor ATPase of the archaellum
Authors: de Sousa Machado J. Nuno , Vollmar Leonie , Schimpf Julia , Chaudhury Paushali , Kumariya Rashmi , van der Does Chris , Hugel Thorsten , Albers Sonja‐Verena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotile archaea are propelled by the archaellum, whose motor complex consists of the membrane protein ArlJ, the ATPase ArlI, and the ATP‐binding protein ArlH. Despite its essential function and the existence of structural and biochemical data on ArlH, the role of ArlH in archaellum assembly and function remains elusive. ArlH is a structural homolog of KaiC, the central component of the cyanobacterial circadian clock. Since autophosphorylation and dephosphorylation of KaiC are central properties for the function of KaiC, we asked whether autophosphorylation is also a property of ArlH proteins. We observed that both ArlH from the euryarchaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (PfArlH) and from the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (SaArlH) have autophosphorylation activity. Using a combination of single‐molecule fluorescence measurements and biochemical assays, we show that autophosphorylation of ArlH is closely linked to its oligomeric state when bound to hexameric ArlI. These experiments also strongly suggest that ArlH is a hexamer in its ArlI‐bound state. Mutagenesis of the putative catalytic residue (Glu‐57 in SaArlH) in ArlH results in a reduced autophosphorylation activity and abolished archaellation and motility in S. acidocaldarius, indicating that optimum phosphorylation activity of ArlH is essential for archaellation and motility.
“Phytopathological strolls” in the dual context of COVID‐19 lockdown and IYPH2020: Transforming constraints into an opportunity for public education about plant pathogens
Authors: Suffert Frédéric , Suffert Muriel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe experience presented here relates to 2020, a particularly timely year for plant disease‐related communication (International Year of Plant Health, IYPH2020), but also a unique year because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our goal was to illustrate the diversity and beauty of fungal plant pathogens through a naturalist approach that could be followed by any amateur. We achieved this end through “phytopathological strolls”, in which we observed and determined the origin of symptoms on diseased plants found in our garden, in the local streets, and in nearby open spaces, and shared this matter with a broad public. The lockdown imposed in France created an additional motivation to take up the challenge, and to involve our children, even under strong constraints such as movement restrictions. We observed and described fungal pathogens through hundreds of photographs, shared our findings with a large audience on Twitter, and received feedback. The material used was deliberately simple and transportable: a digital reflex camera, an old microscope, a mobile phone, some books, and an internet connection. Between 17 March 2020 and 20 June 2021 we found 196 plant pathogens, including 97 rusts, 27 powdery mildews, and 28 septoria‐like diseases. We discuss here the importance of promoting searches for plant pathogens, their description and conservation, through a combination of classical approaches and digital tools in tune with the times, such as Twitter, by treating pathogen identification like a detective game and, more surprisingly, by making use of the addictive nature of collection approaches, drawing a parallel with Pokémon GO.
Time‐resolved proteomic profiling of cigarette smoke‐induced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Skerrett‐Byrne David A. , Bromfield Elizabeth G. , Murray Heather C. , Jamaluddin M. Fairuz B. , Jarnicki Andrew G. , Fricker Michael , Essilfie Ama T. , Jones Bernadette , Haw Tatt J. , Hampsey Daniel , Anderson Amanda L. , Nixon Brett , Scott Rodney J. , Wark Peter A. B. , Dun Matthew D. , Hansbro Philip M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Current treatments aim to control symptoms with none able to reverse disease or stop its progression. We explored the major molecular changes in COPD pathogenesis.MethodsWe employed quantitative label‐based proteomics to map the changes in the lung tissue proteome of cigarette smoke‐induced experimental COPD that is induced over 8 weeks and progresses over 12 weeks.ResultsQuantification of 7324 proteins enabled the tracking of changes to the proteome. Alterations in protein expression profiles occurred in the induction phase, with 18 and 16 protein changes at 4‐ and 6‐week time points, compared to age‐matched controls, respectively. Strikingly, 269 proteins had altered expression after 8 weeks when the hallmark pathological features of human COPD emerge, but this dropped to 27 changes at 12 weeks with disease progression. Differentially expressed proteins were validated using other mouse and human COPD bronchial biopsy samples. Major changes in RNA biosynthesis (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 [HNRNPC] and RNA‐binding protein Musashi homologue 2 [MSI2]) and modulators of inflammatory responses (S100A1) were notable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in oxidative stress proteins also occurred.ConclusionWe provide a detailed proteomic profile, identifying proteins associated with the pathogenesis and disease progression of COPD establishing a platform to develop effective new treatment strategies.
Predicting Individual Effects in Fixed Effects Panel Probit Models
Authors: Kunz Johannes S. , Staub Kevin E. , Winkelmann Rainer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Many applied settings in empirical economics require estimation of a large number of individual effects, like teacher effects or location effects; in health economics, prominent examples include patient effects, doctor effects or hospital effects. Increasingly, these effects are the object of interest of the estimation, and predicted effects are often used for further descriptive and regression analyses. To avoid imposing distributional assumptions on these effects, they are typically estimated via fixed effects methods. In short panels, the conventional maximum likelihood estimator for fixed effects binary response models provides poor estimates of these individual effects since the finite sample bias is typically substantial. We present a bias-reduced fixed effects estimator that provides better estimates of the individual effects in these models by removing the first-order asymptotic bias. An additional, practical advantage of the estimator is that it provides finite predictions for all individual effects in the sample, including those for which the corresponding dependent variable has identical outcomes in all time periods over time (either all zeros or ones); for these, the maximum likelihood prediction is infinite. We illustrate the approach in simulation experiments and in an application to health care utilization.
Custom‐built constrained uniaxial and rotating hinge total knee replacement in cats: Clinical application, design principles, surgical technique, and clinical outcome
Authors: Fitzpatrick Noel , Miraldo Diogo C. , Meswania Jay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the design principles and evolution, surgical technique, and outcome for custom constrained (uniaxial and rotating hinge) total knee replacement (TKR) in cats.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsNine cats with traumatic stifle luxation (n = 8) or severe distal femoral deformity (n = 1) were considered suitable candidates.MethodsCats that met eligibility criteria and received a custom TKR between 2009 and 2018 by a single surgeon were included in this case series. Three generations of implant were used. Implant positioning was assessed by postoperative orthogonal radiography. Functional outcome was determined by clinical assessment, owner interview, and a feline musculoskeletal pain index questionnaire.ResultsMedian clinical follow‐up time was 12 months (range, 4‐41); follow‐up time was increased to 29 months (range, 22‐47) when results of functional questionnaires with owner were included. Median radiographic follow‐up was 12 months (range, 4‐25). One cat had a catastrophic outcome. Three cats had good outcomes, and five cats had excellent outcomes.ConclusionMost cats treated with custom‐built TKR achieved good to excellent outcomes.Clinical significanceCustom TKR is a viable option for the treatment of severe pathologies of the feline stifle. Additional research is required to fully evaluate implant suitability.
A Critical Nugget Size Prediction Model for Al–Si-Coated Press Hardened Steel Resistance Spot Welds
Authors: Chen Ruiming , Lou Ming , Li YongBing , Carlson Blair E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For the automotive industry, it is important to predict the fracture mode of resistance spot-welded joints. Traditional 4t0.5 (where t is the sheet thickness) criterion for the transition from interfacial fracture (IF) to button pullout fracture (BPF) mode is not applicable for press hardened steel, press-hardened steel (PHS), welds. This study aims to investigate the effect of Al–Si coating and critical heat affected zone (CHAZ) location on the lap-shear fracture mode transition mechanism of Al–Si-coated PHS welds. It was found that in-situ tempering pulse after the welding stage could change the relative location of the CHAZ and weld nugget, which in turn, had a significant effect upon the fracture mode transition. Thus, a new analytical model was built to predict the critical nugget size for Al–Si-coated PHS, wherein the Al–Si coating and the CHAZ location are considered as critical factors for predicting the fracture mode transition of PHS spot welds and are incorporated into this model. A reasonable correlation of the model to experimental data was achieved.
Data-Driven Design-By-Analogy: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Hu Jie , Wood Kristin L. , Luo Jianxi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesign-by-analogy (DbA) is a design methodology wherein new solutions, opportunities, or designs are generated in a target domain based on inspiration drawn from a source domain; it can benefit designers in mitigating design fixation and improving design ideation outcomes. Recently, the increasingly available design databases and rapidly advancing data science and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have presented new opportunities for developing data-driven methods and tools for DbA support. In this study, we survey existing data-driven DbA studies and categorize individual studies according to the data, methods, and applications into four categories, namely, analogy encoding, retrieval, mapping, and evaluation. Based on both nuanced organic review and structured analysis, this paper elucidates the state-of-the-art of data-driven DbA research to date and benchmarks it with the frontier of data science and AI research to identify promising research opportunities and directions for the field. Finally, we propose a future conceptual data-driven DbA system that integrates all propositions.
Energy, Exergy, and Emission Analysis on Industrial Air Compressors
Authors: Nourin Farah Nazifa , Espindola Juan , Selim Osama M. , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Air compressors, a key fluid power technology, play an essential role in industrial plants and office buildings, hospitals, and other types of facilities. The efficient use of the air compressor is crucial. By controlling unnecessary inefficiencies, high energy consumption can be reduced. This study aims to provide energy and exergy analysis on air compressors for different industries. Detailed case studies were also analyzed. The case study focuses on the energy and exergy analyses of the compressed air system of foundry industries. The results indicate that applying the six improvement recommendations yields significant amounts of energy and cost savings and significant improvements in the system's overall performance. The payback periods for different recommendations are economically feasible and worthwhile to use. The suggested improvement methods can provide cost savings with a low payback period.