bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-error-compensation-based surface recovery algorithm using spectrum selection for white light interferometry
Authors: Ma Long , Zhao Yuan , Du Mei-Ye , Pei Xin , Feng Xing-Jie , Sun Feng-Ming , Fang Shao-Bo 
Published: June 2021

White light interferometry is a well-established surface recovery
technique. In this paper, a white light signal processing algorithm
based on phase error compensation using spectrum selection is
proposed. The derived nonlinear phase distribution from the
correlogram is modeled as the combination of random errors and
systemic deviations. By developing a new, to the best of our
knowledge, recovery algorithm, the phase noise can be separated from
the linear map and significantly attenuated. Based on the proposed
algorithm, the spectrum features of white light LEDs and halogen lamps
are investigated in detail. The inner products defined by three
selected points are employed to generate a coefficient to evaluate the
linearity of an unwrapped phase map within a certain spectrum region.
The optimal spectrum range corresponding to the best measurement
performance can then be located where the coefficient approximates 1
and the spectrum energy stays relatively high. The simulations are
carried out under different levels of SNR and scan step noises, which
show that the new method can effectively reduce additional disturbance
from the recovered topography. In experiments, the system with the
proposed method is first calibrated by a step height standard (VLSI,

182.7

±

2.0

n
m

) with the repeatability of 0.44 nm. A
silicon wafer and three roughness standards are also tested to further
verify the robustness of the new method.
Childhood food insecurity and incident asthma: A population-based cohort study of children in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Clemens Kristin K. , Le Britney , Ouédraogo Alexandra M. , Mackenzie Constance , Vinegar Marlee , Shariff Salimah Z. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Childhood food insecurity has been associated with prevalent asthma in cross-sectional studies. Little is known about the relationship between food insecurity and incident asthma.

Methods
We used administrative databases linked with the Canadian Community Health Survey, to conduct a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years in Ontario, Canada. Children without a previous diagnosis of asthma who had a household response to the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) were followed until March 31, 2018 for new asthma diagnoses using a validated administrative coding algorithm. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between food insecurity and incident asthma, and adjusted models sequentially for clinical and clinical/socioeconomic risk factors. As additional analyses, we examined associations by HFSSM respondent type, severity of food insecurity, and age of asthma diagnosis. Moreover, we assessed for interaction between food security and child’s sex, household smoking status, and maternal asthma on the risk of incident asthma.

Results
Among the 27,746 included children, 5.1% lived in food insecure households. Over a median of 8.34 years, the incidence of asthma was 7.33/1000 person-years (PY) among food insecure children and 5.91/1000 PY among food secure children (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.54, p = 0.051). In adjusted analyses associations were similar (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.47, p = 0.24 adjusted for clinical risk factors, HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.60, p = 0.09 adjusted for clinical/socioeconomic factors). Associations did not qualitatively change by HFSSM respondent type, severity of food insecurity, and age of asthma diagnosis. There was no evidence of interaction in our models.

Conclusions
Food insecure children have numerous medical and social challenges. However, in this large population-based study, we did not observe that childhood food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of incident asthma when adjusted for important clinical and socioeconomic confounders.
Antibody responses induced by trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Thailand: A matched cohort study
Authors: Nakphook Sutthichai , Patumanond Jayanton , Shrestha Manash , Prasert Kriengkrai , Chittaganpitch Malinee , Mott Joshua A. , Praphasiri Prabda 
Published: June 2021

Background
We compared influenza antibody titers among vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Methods
During 1st June– 30th September 2018, four groups of cohort participants—vaccinated pregnant, unvaccinated pregnant, vaccinated non-pregnant, and unvaccinated non-pregnant women were selected by matching age, gestational age, and the week of vaccination. Serum antibody titers against each strain of 2018 Southern Hemisphere inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (IIV3) were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay on Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and Day 28 (one month post-vaccination) serum samples. Geometric mean titer (GMT), GMT ratio (GMR), seroconversion (defined as ≥4 fold increase in HI titer), and seroprotection (i.e. HI titer ≥1:40) were compared across the study groups using multilevel regression analyses, controlling for previous year vaccination from medical records and baseline antibody levels.

Results
A total of 132 participants were enrolled in the study (33 in each of the four study groups). The baseline GMTs for influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B vaccine strains were not significantly different among all four groups (all p-values >0.05). After one month, both vaccinated groups had significantly higher GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection than their unvaccinated controls (all p-values <0.05). The seroconversion rate was over 60% for any strain among the vaccinated groups, with the highest (88.8%) observed against A(H1N1) in the vaccinated pregnant group. Similarly, at least 75% of the vaccinated participants developed seroprotective antibody levels against all three strains; the highest seroprotection was found against A(H3N2) at 92.6% among vaccinated non-pregnant participants. Antibody responses (post-vaccination GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection) were not significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant women for all three strains of IIV3 (all p>0.05).

Conclusions
The 2018 seasonal IIV3 was immunogenic against all three vaccine strains and pregnancy did not seem to alter the immune response to IIV3. These findings support the current influenza vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.
Validation of High-Sensitivity Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing for Stool—Toward the New Normal for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Authors: Babiker Ahmed , Ingersoll Jessica M. , Adelman Max W. , Webster Andrew S. , Broder Kari J. , Stittleburg Victoria , Waggoner Jesse J. , Kraft Colleen S. , Woodworth Michael H. 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Mounting evidence demonstrates potential for fecal–oral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The US Food and Drug Administration now requires SARS-CoV-2 testing of potential feces donors before the use of stool manufactured for fecal microbiota transplantation. We sought to develop and validate a high-sensitivity SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure for testing stool specimens.

METHODS:
A modified extraction method was used with an RT-PCR assay adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PCR protocol for respiratory specimens. Contrived specimens were created using pre-COVID-19 banked stool specimens and spiking in known concentrations of SARS-CoV-2-specific nucleic acid. The highest transcript concentration at which 2/2 or 1/2 SARS-CoV-2 targets were detected in 9/10 replicates was defined as the dual-target limit and single-target limit of detection, respectively. The clinical performance of the assay was evaluated with stool samples collected from 17 nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR-positive patients and 14 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR-negative patients.

RESULTS:
The dual-target and single-target limit of detection were 56 copies/μL and 3 copies/μL, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was detected at concentrations as low as 0.6 copies/μL. Clinical stool samples from known COVID-19-positive patients demonstrated the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in stool up to 29 days from symptom onset with a high agreement with nasopharyngeal swab tests (kappa statistic of 0.95, P value < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
The described RT-PCR test is a sensitive and flexible approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in stool specimens. We propose an integrated screening approach that incorporates this stool test to support continuation of fecal microbiota transplantation programs.
On gradedJgr-classical 2-absorbing submodules of graded modules over graded commutative rings
Authors: Al-Zoubi Khaldoun , Alghueiri Shatha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLetGbe an abelian group with identityee. LetRbe aG-graded commutative ring with identity 1, andMMbe a gradedR-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of gradedJgr{J}_{gr}-classical 2-absorbing submodule as a generalization of a graded classical 2-absorbing submodule. We give some results concerning of these classes of graded submodules. A proper graded submoduleCCofMMis called a gradedJgr{J}_{gr}-classical 2-absorbing submodule ofMM, if wheneverrg,sh,ti∈h(R){r}_{g},{s}_{h},{t}_{i}\in h\left(R)andxj∈h(M){x}_{j}\in h\left(M)withrgshtixj∈C{r}_{g}{s}_{h}{t}_{i}{x}_{j}\in C, then eitherrgshxj∈C+Jgr(M){r}_{g}{s}_{h}{x}_{j}\in C+{J}_{gr}\left(M)orrgtixj∈C+Jgr(M){r}_{g}{t}_{i}{x}_{j}\in C+{J}_{gr}\left(M)orshtixj∈C+Jgr(M),{s}_{h}{t}_{i}{x}_{j}\in C+{J}_{gr}\left(M),whereJgr(M){J}_{gr}\left(M)is the graded Jacobson radical.
Methods Used in Economic Research: An Empirical Study of Trends and Levels
Authors: Paldam Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The methods used in economic research are analyzed on a sample of all 3,415 regular research papers published in 10 general interest journals every 5th year from 1997 to 2017. The papers are classified into three main groups by method: theory, experiments, and empirics. The theory and empirics groups are almost equally large. Most empiric papers use the classical method, which derives an operational model from theory and runs regressions. The number of papers published increases by 3.3% p.a. Two trends are highly significant: The fraction of theoretical papers has fallen by 26 pp (percentage points), while the fraction of papers using the classical method has increased by 15 pp. Economic theory predicts that such papers exaggerate, and the papers that have been analyzed by meta-analysis confirm the prediction. It is discussed if other methods have smaller problems.
Effect of two hypercaloric diets on the hormonal and metabolic profile of the adrenal gland
Authors: Zoulikha Mokrani , Nacira Zerrouki , Therese Gernigon-Spichalowicz , Yacine Soltani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Who disrupts who? It is not clear what the interaction is between a high calorie diet (HCD) and adrenal axis activation in obesity. The goal was to assess the effect of two hypercaloric diets commercialized in Algeria on the hormonal and metabolic profile of the adrenal gland in rabbits.

Methods
Two classes of local male adult rabbits (n=16) and a finishing diet (FD) as a control for 15 weeks.

Results
It has been shown that HCD-received animals have developed visceral obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance IR by dramatically increasing body weight, visceral fat tissue and adrenal weight, combined with elevated plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, leptin and insulin. The HCD diet increased the levels of cortisol in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in peri-adrenal adipose tissue (PAAT), and decreased cortisol levels in the liver. HCD also causes the process of inflammatory fibrosis associated with the migration and spread of chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland.

Conclusions
This study gives new insights into how diet-induced obesity studied on local rabbits affects the biology of the adrenal gland. The correlation of these changes with paracrine connections between the chromaffin cell and glomerulosa indicates potential therapeutic methods for obese-related steroid hormone dysfunction.
The exact Riemann solutions to an isentropic non-ideal dusty gas flow under a magnetic field
Authors: Pang Yicheng , Ge Jianjun , Liu Zuozhi , Hu Min 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyse exact solutions to the Riemann problem for a one-dimensional isentropic and perfectly conducting non-ideal dusty gas flow in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. We give the expression of wave curves as well as the behaviors of these wave curves. A new technique is provided to get a complete list of analytical solutions with the corresponding criteria. Moreover, the numerical solutions to the Riemann problem are also given. It is shown that the analytical solutions match well with the corresponding numerical solutions.
Kriging-based prediction of the Earth’s pole coordinates
Authors: Michalczak Maciej , Ligas Marcin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coordinates of the Earth’s pole represent two out of five Earth orientation parameters describing Earth’s rotation. They are necessary in transformation between celestial reference frame and terrestrial reference frame and what goes further in precise positioning and navigation, applications in astronomy, communication with outer space objects. Complexity of measuring techniques and data processing involved in the pole coordinates determination make it impossible to obtain them in real-time mode, hence a prediction problem of the polar motion emerges. In this study, geostatistical prediction methods, i. e., simple and ordinary kriging are applied. Millions of predictions have been performed to draw reasonable conclusions on prediction capabilities of applied kriging variants. The study is intended in ultra-short-term prediction (up to 15 days into the future) using the IERS EOP 14 C04 (IAU2000A) and IERS EOP 05 C04 (IAU2000A) series as a reference. Mean absolute prediction errors (for days 1–15) with respect to IERS 14 C04 are ranging 0.66–5.25 mas for PMx and 0.47–3.59 mas for PMy. On the other hand, for IERS 05 C04 the values are 0.60–4.95 mas and 0.44–3.29 mas for PMx and PMy; respectively. The results indicate competitiveness of the introduced methods with existing ones.
Nonlinear/dispersion compensation in dual polarization 128-QAM system incorporating optical backpropagation
Authors: Chauhan Anu , Yadav Innu , Dhawan Priyanka , Kaur Simarpreet , Verma Ashu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to cater long distance optical network units (subscribers), optical networks with prolonged reach are needed. In this study, an optical back propagation (OBP) dual polarization (DP)-128 QAM-based system is proposed to cope with nonlinear impairments in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. In pre, post and symmetrical configurations, the OBP module consisting of the optical phase conjugator (OPC), Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) and erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFAs) is examined. Using dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) as RFA with dual directional pumping, ideal OBP conditions are simulated. DP-128 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system is proposed with symmetrical OBP and compared with single channel digital back propagation (DBP), wideband DBP, pre OBP-forward pumping, pre OBP with backward pumping, pre OBP with dual directional pumping, post OBP with dual directional pumping. It is observed that symmetrical OBP configuration with dual direction pumping provide enhanced results and successfully cover 6500 km at bit error rate (BER) 10−3.
International Cooperation Without Just Distributions? Beginning to Map the Role of Rising Economic Inequality in the Formation and Evolution of and Adherence to International Law
Authors: Beyleveld Alexander D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The argument in this paper is that international lawyers—scholars and practitioners alike—should be cognisant of the fact that different economic distributions within nations will lead to the establishment of different international legal systems in terms of their formation and evolution, as well as in relation to the extent to which they are respected and adhered to. Rising economic inequality within nations is an issue of incredible systemic importance to international law; it should be pushed further up the agenda when it comes to devising the laws between them because this will, on balance, assist in creating a more peaceful and prosperous world underpinned by an effective law of nations that is up to the types of contemporary challenges which of necessity require more cooperation between states. Accordingly, from the perspective of this paper, international lawyers should, at a minimum do the following (i) give consideration to the direction of distributional trends within nations when attempting to understand how current international law works (i.e. how it formed, evolves and the extent to which it is respected and adhered to); (ii) give consideration to these same trends when conceptualising and designing the international law(s) of the future and (iii) to the extent necessary, think about the development of the mechanisms at the international law level that encourage and enable the reduction of economic inequality within nations with a view to ensuring that the better functioning, at a systemic level, of the international legal system in general, as well as the various parts of which that system is comprised.
Dynamic Collections: A 3D Web Infrastructure for Artifact Engagement
Authors: Ekengren Fredrik , Callieri Marco , Dininno Domenica , Berggren Åsa , Macheridis Stella , Dell’Unto Nicolò 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Archaeological collections are crucial in heritage studies and are used every day for training archaeologists and cultural heritage specialists. The recent developments in 3D acquisition and visualization technology has contributed to the rapid emergence of a large number of 3D collections, whose production is often justified as the democratization of data and knowledge production. Despite the fact that several 3D datasets are now available online, it is not always clear how the data – once stored – may be engaged by archaeology students, and the possible challenges the students may face in the learning process. The goal of the Dynamic Collections project at Lund University is to develop a novel 3D web infrastructure designed to support higher education and research in archaeology. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020, all teaching at Lund University moved online, reinforcing the urgency for such an infrastructure. By letting a group of students test an early version of the system as part of their online teaching, we were able to study how they used and interacted with an archaeological collection in 3D and explore the intersection of digital methods and pedagogy in archaeology. This article presents the preliminary results from this experiment.
Identity in the bilingual couple: Attitudes to language and culture
Authors: Stępkowska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article focuses on identity in bilingual couples by investigating their attitudes to language and culture. The research question asks how they make sense of their linguistic and cultural duality. Based on the data from in-depth interviews, I concentrate on the notion of identity in bilingual couplehood. I analyze excerpts of interviews produced by 24 couples of Poles with their foreign partners who reside in Poland. I investigate these couples’ talk with regard to their interpretations of identities resulting from their individual life histories and private ideologies about language and culture. My data suggest that attitudes to language and culture relate to the mutual understanding in the couple. I found evidence for differences and similarities as subjectively assessed by partners, higher metalinguistic awareness, an altered perception of one’s self and redefined national stereotypes. The results reveal that the couples’ attitudes are geared to jointly create and negotiate identities in interaction. The article views identity from a new perspective by giving voice to bilingual couples. The novelty relies on the less studied Polish context and, in general, the explicit evaluation of one’s own socialization to a different language and culture. The qualitative lens of the presented study contributes to our understanding of how individuals in intercultural couples use language to convey dual identity and accomplish social goals.
Evaluation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer – CFRP – machining by applying industrial robots
Authors: Grisol de Melo Ever , dos Santos Silva Jéssica Christina , Klein Tiago Borsoi , Polte Julian , Uhlmann Eckart , de Oliveira Gomes Jefferson 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in high-tech industries because of its interesting characteristics and properties. This material presents good strength and stiffness, relatively low density, high damping ability, good dimensional stability, and good corrosion resistance. However, the machinability of composite materials is complex because of the matrix/fiber interface, being a challenging machining material. The CFRP milling process is still necessary to meet dimensional tolerances, the manufacture of difficult-to-mold features like pockets or complexes advance surfaces, finish the edges of laminated composites, or drill holes for the assembly of the components. Besides, the demand for low-cost, reconfigurable manufacturing systems of the industry demonstrates that the application of industrial robots (IRs) in the CFRP milling process becomes an alternative for providing automation and flexibility. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of the low payload IR KUKA KR60 HA in a milling experiment of CFRP, which indicates its potential application as an alternative to milling process. Furthermore, the influence of the cutting tool geometry as well as the cutting parameters in the machining behavior with IRs is evaluated.
New Approach to Determine Standard Deviation and Precision Estimates for ASTM D4867/D4867M and AASHTO T283
Authors: Bausano Jason , Steger Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Moisture damage in asphalt pavements can be attributed to the incompatibility of the asphalt binder, aggregate, or the interaction of the asphalt binder and aggregate. Moisture damage can accelerate pavement distresses such as cracking and rutting. The most widely used test methods by state highway agencies are AASHTO T283-14, Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage, and ASTM D4867/D4867M-09, Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures. Some state highway agencies evaluate moisture resistance during production to ensure a quality asphalt mixture. Currently AASHTO T283-14 and ASTM D4867/D4867M-09 do not provide a method to calculate the standard deviation of the tensile strength ratio (TSR), nor does it provide precision estimates for the TSR. The objective of this paper is to show how one can calculate the variance (or standard deviation) of a variable when the value of interest (i.e., TSR) is calculated from two other random variables. The standard deviation of a random variable that is a quotient of two other variables can be calculated easily as long as the individual variables are random, independent, and the standard deviations are small relative to the mean. The novelty of this approach is in a statistics-based method for determining the standard deviation of the TSR based on using an approximation for the ratio variance using ASTM D4460-97, Standard Practice for Calculating Precision Limits Where Values Are Calculated from Other Test Methods. This new approach to calculate the standard deviation of the TSR will be used to develop a precision statement for AASHTO T283-14 and ASTM D4867/D4867M-09 following ASTM E691-19e1, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method (Superseded).