bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion and Black Racial Identity in Du Bois’s Sociology
Authors: Segre Sandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on W.E.B. Du Bois’s ambivalent reception of Protestantism, and of religion in general. It argues that he rejected institutional Protestantism as characterized by cold formalism, but thought that the teaching and practices of this religion as taking place the Negro Churches were still relevant to most American Blacks. As pointed out by some secondary literature, Du Bois maintained that religious institutions gave comfort, social cohesion and a collective identity of their own to Blacks, who were an oppressed minority; however, only the Blacks’ racial consciousness could improve their social and political position. Institutional religion was then an important identity source for Blacks in general. It was not, however, for Du Bois himself. Du Bois had experienced racial discrimination and abuse based on the color line, and had therefore formed his social identity as a member of the Black race in the United States. This identity was the most salient to him and elicited his greatest commitment.
Effect of weld microstructure on brittle fracture initiation in the thermally-aged boiling water reactor pressure vessel head weld metal
Authors: Hytönen Noora , Que Zai-qing , Arffman Pentti , Lydman Jari , Nevasmaa Pekka , Ehrnstén Ulla , Efsing Pål 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffects of the weld microstructure and inclusions on brittle fracture initiation are investigated in a thermally aged ferritic high-nickel weld of a reactor pressure vessel head from a decommissioned nuclear power plant. As-welded and reheated regions mainly consist of acicular and polygonal ferrite, respectively. Fractographic examination of Charpy V-notch impact toughness specimens reveals large inclusions (0.5–2.5 µm) at the brittle fracture primary initiation sites. High impact energies were measured for the specimens in which brittle fracture was initiated from a small inclusion or an inclusion away from the V-notch. The density, geometry, and chemical composition of the primary initiation inclusions were investigated. A brittle fracture crack initiates as a microcrack either within the multiphase oxide inclusions or from the de-bonded interfaces between the uncracked inclusions and weld metal matrix. Primary fracture sites can be determined in all the specimens tested in the lower part of the transition curve at and below the 41-J reference impact toughness energy but not above the mentioned value because of the changes in the fracture mechanism and resulting changes in the fracture appearance.
Awakening or Enlightenment? On the Significance of bodhi
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe central goal of traditional mindfulness practice is bodhi, often translated as “awakening.” A critical examination of arguments proposed by Bhikkhu Bodhi in support of the alternative rendering as “enlightenment” confirms the preferability of understanding bodhi to refer indeed to a form of “awakening” as a way of conveying that the chief purpose of Buddhist mindfulness practice is to lead to realizing a liberating form of insight.
Verbetering van continentie door urethrasparende robotgeassisteerde laparoscopische prostatectomie
Authors: Hulshof Kim , Casteleijn Niek F. , Vermeer Marloes , Roelink J. Herman , Cornel Erik B. , Stomps Saskia P. 
Published: May 2021

SamenvattingIncontinentie is een veelvoorkomend probleem na robotgeassisteerde laparoscopische prostatectomie (RALP), wat impact heeft op de kwaliteit van leven. Urethrasparende chirurgie reduceert mogelijk het risico op incontinentie in deze patiëntengroep. Het doel van deze studie is te onderzoeken welk effect urethrasparende RALP (URALP) heeft op incontinentie. Alle patiënten die tussen mei 2014 en januari 2019 een conventionele RALP of een URALP ondergingen werden geïncludeerd. Continentie werd postoperatief geobjectiveerd na 6 weken, 3, 6, 9 en 12 maanden met behulp van een 24-uurs padtest en werd gedefinieerd als het gebruik van maximaal 1 safety pad per 24 uur. Na zes weken was 42,5 % van de RALP-patiënten continent vs. 82,1 % van de URALP-patiënten, een significant verschil (p < 0,001). Dit verschil was na 12 maanden nog steeds significant (87,5 % vs. 98,4 %, p < 0,001). Gebaseerd op deze veelbelovende resultaten suggereren wij dat urethrasparende RALP als operatietechniek van eerste keuze wordt toegepast voor een snellere en grotere kans op continentie na RALP.
Le “prolongement naturel” et le plateau continental étendu arctique du Canada: coopérer pour donner sens au droit, à la science et aux faits
Authors: BARTENSTEIN KRISTIN , GOSSELIN LAURE 
Published: May 2021

RésuméEn mai 2019, le Canada a présenté sa soumission concernant son plateau continental étendu arctique à la Commission des limites du plateau continental. La délinéation des plateaux continentaux étendus, conformément à la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, résulte d’interprétations dans lesquelles s’entrelacent arguments scientifiques et juridiques à l’égard d’une situation géophysique singulière. Cet article examine la manière dont le Canada a composé avec la triple interprétation juridique, scientifique et factuelle à travers une étude articulée autour de la notion de “prolongement naturel.” Sont mis en relief les défis interprétatifs, mais aussi les opportunités que le Canada a saisies en participant au dégagement de consensus scientifiques et juridiques au soutien de la délinéation qu’il propose.
The View from “White Man’s Bay”: The Captain John Matthews Papers on Sierra Leone at the Firestone Memorial Library, Princeton University
Authors: Leigh Devin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2017, the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections at the Firestone Memorial Library, Princeton University, acquired the papers of a British enslaver who operated in the region of greater Sierra Leone during the late-eighteenth century. This article offers an introduction to these papers for potential researchers. Focusing on two journals that cover Matthews’s time in the region between 1785 and 1787, it suggests three topics for which the collection might be of value to scholars of early-modern West Africa. These three topics are the local workings of the transatlantic slave trade in greater Sierra Leone; the production of European knowledge about Africa and Africans; and the history of the region immediately preceding the settlement of Freetown. In addition, this article includes four images of Sierra Leone. Black and white versions of these images were printed in 1791, but the watercolors are reproduced here for the first time.
A landscape of disadvantage: The impact of disability on earning and learning in Australia
Authors: Athanasou James A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the impact of disability in Australia on earning and learning. The report is based on the official statistics on Disability Ageing and Carers by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Whilst 67.9% of those aged 15–64 years without a reported disability complete Year 12 only 43.6% of those with a disability complete the highest level of secondary schooling. In the labor market, the participation rate is lower for persons with a disability (53.4%) compared to 84.1% for those without a disability. Even when people with disabilities are ready to work it is accompanied by a higher rate of unemployment (10.3%) compared with 4.6% for those without a disability. Whilst general labor force participation has increased from 2003 to 2018 the labor force participation of persons with a disability has remained stubbornly constant. Furthermore, the unemployment rate for person with a disability has increased markedly from 2009 while that for persons without a disability has decreased. When the influence of all these factors is combined there is an overwhelming landscape of disadvantage within which a person with a disability has to navigate an educational and vocational pathway.
Risk factors of overweight/obesity-related lifestyles in university students: Results from the EHU12/24 study
Authors: Telleria-Aramburu Nerea , Arroyo-Izaga Marta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the prevalence and interaction of overweight/obesity-related lifestyles (specifically, examining whether subjects meet the recommended criteria), in a representative sample of university students. This study is part of the project EHU12/24, an observational cross-sectional study, designed to assess the prevalence of excess body fat (BF) and major risk of developing overweight/obesity, according to a standardised protocol. In a cohort of 603 students, aged between 18 and 28 years, of the University of the Basque Country, information about meal patterns, diet quality, physical activity, sitting time, sleeping time, toxic habits and anthropometric measurements were collected. Sampling took place from February 2014 to May 2017. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for the covariates were utilised to test the association between lifestyles and risk of excess adiposity. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, according to BF percentage, was 14·4 %. The variables analysed related to meal pattern were associated with diet quality, and less healthy food habits were associated with other less health-related behaviours. Among men, moderate/low physical activity, breakfast skipping, non-adequate breakfast duration, number of eating occasions and eating breakfast alone/depending on the occasion were associated with excess BF, while among women, low MedDietScore, moderate/high alcohol consumption, non-adequate sleep duration, eating breakfast and lunch alone/depending on the occasion. Results suggest that certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviours coexist, interact with one another and increase the risk of overweight/obesity in this population. Sex-specific differences in risk factors of obesity have implications for interventions for primary prevention of obesity within this environment.
Bioeroding (boring) polychaete species (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Çinar Melih Ertan , Dagli Ertan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study reports polychaetes that bore into limestone rocks along the east coast of the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Rock materials were collected at two depth intervals (0–5 and 5–10 m) at 15 stations in four localities of Ildırı Bay. A total of 276 specimens belonging to 12 species and four families (Eunicidae, Spionidae, Cirratulidae and Sabellidae) were recorded. Specimens belonging to Dodecaceria and Pseudopotamilla were identified at the genus level, because they differ from described species, were few in number or were in poor condition. Dipolydora giardia is a new species to the marine fauna of Turkey. The most dominant and frequent family in the area was Eunicidae, followed by Spionidae. Lysidice ninetta and L. margaritacea comprised 59% of the total number of individuals. The number of species and individuals, and the diversity index did not change with regard to depth or locality. Two species assemblages were found in the area, mainly formed by Dipolydora and Lysidice species. The Lessepsian species, Palola valida, which is a new record for the Aegean Sea, occurred abundantly at the study sites, posing a risk of damage to limestone rocks in the Mediterranean Sea. The morphological features of the species identified at the generic level and the burrow structure of these species are presented. The burrow shapes of Palola siciliensis and P. valida were described for the first time in the present study; they constructed complicated galleries, including more than four entrances.
Education and long-term outcomes in first episode psychosis: 10-year follow-up study of the PAFIP cohort
Authors: Ayesa-Arriola Rosa , Miguel-Corredera Margarita , de la Foz Victor Ortiz-García , Neergaard Karl D. , Correa-Ghisays Patricia , Setién-Suero Esther , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLower levels of education have been associated with the development of psychosis. Investigating educational achievement in the first episode of psychosis (FEP) patients may shed light on the origins of the alterations and on the variability of outcomes in psychotic disorders.MethodsEducation achievement was explored in a large sample (n = 659) of FEP patients enrolled in programa de atención a fases iniciales de psicosis (PAFIP), a research and assistance program conducted in Spain. Patients were stratified according to the Spanish educational system according to their attendance in primary (low), secondary (medium) or university studies (high). The three groups were compared on available premorbid, clinical and neuropsychological variables. A subgroup of patients (n = 209), comprising the 10-year follow-up PAFIP cohort, were again compared.ResultsOverall, 49% and 37% of FEP patients had low and medium levels of education, respectively. In total, 13% of the patients with a higher level of education were more frequently women (64%) and older at illness onset (36 years old), reported better premorbid adjustment, presented less severe positive symptoms and better functioning; and showed higher premorbid intelligence quotient and better performance on all the explored cognitive domains. Ten years later the FEP patients in the medium- and high-education groups had good global functioning and a neurocognitive performance within the normal limits.ConclusionsHigher education is associated with better initial conditions and more favourable outcomes after an FEP. Sharing this information with the world's educational systems is essential to targeting resources and designing innovative programs or strategies to compensate for student difficulties.
The science of humanity and the humanity of science: Perspectives on Ed Zigler's contributions to developmental psychopathology and the study of all children
Authors: Burack Jacob A. , Evans David W. , Napoleon Jenilee-Sarah , Weva Vanessa K. , Russo Natalie , Iarocci Grace 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present this article as a testament to Ed Zigler's commitment to science in the service of humanity and to policy based on conceptually compelling theory and methodologically rigorous science. In doing so, we highlight ways that Ed's universal and inclusive developmental world view, early training as a behaviorist, exacting scientific standards, concern for others, and appreciation of his own roots and upbringing all transformed the way that many different groups of people of all ages and backgrounds are studied, viewed, and intervened with by researchers, policy makers, and society at large. Ed's narrative of development rather than defect, universality rather than difference, and holistic rather than reductionist continues to compel us in the quest for a kinder, more inclusive, and enabling society. Conversely, Ed's behaviorist training as a graduate student also influenced him throughout his career and was essential to his career-long commitment to systemic action in the service of improving the lives of others. We cite the lessons that we, as his descendants, learned from Ed and apply them to our own areas of research with populations that Ed did not study, but had considerable interest in – persons with autism spectrum disorder and Indigenous youth.
Identifying intervention strategies for preventing the mental health consequences of childhood adversity: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Rith-Najarian Leslie R. , Triplett Noah S. , Weisz John R. , McLaughlin Katie A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExposure to childhood adversity is a powerful risk factor for psychopathology. Despite extensive efforts, we have not yet identified effective or scalable interventions that prevent the emergence of mental health problems in children who have experienced adversity. In this modified Delphi study, we identified intervention strategies for effectively targeting both the neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking childhood adversity and psychopathology – including heightened emotional reactivity, difficulties with emotion regulation, blunted reward processing, and social information processing biases, as well as a range of psychopathology symptoms. We iteratively synthesized information from experts in the field and relevant meta-analyses through three surveys, first with experts in intervention development, prevention, and childhood adversity (n = 32), and then within our study team (n = 8). The results produced increasing stability and good consensus on intervention strategy recommendations for specific neurodevelopmental mechanisms and symptom presentations and on strength of evidence ratings of intervention strategies targeting youth and parents. More broadly, our findings highlight how intervention decision making can be informed by meta-analyses, enhanced by aggregate group feedback, saturated before consensus, and persistently subjective or even contradictory. Ultimately, the results converged on several promising intervention strategies for prevention programming with adversity-exposed youth, which will be tested in an upcoming clinical trial.
Emotion regulation therapy for social anxiety disorder: a single case series study
Authors: Abasi Imaneh , Pourshahbaz Abbas , Mohammadkhani Parvaneh , Dolatshahi Behrouz , Moradveisi Latif , Mennin Douglas S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Despite the vast majority of evidence indicating the efficacy of traditional and recent cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) therapies in treating social anxiety disorder (SAD), some individuals with SAD do not improve by these interventions, particularly when co-morbidity is present.

Aims:
It is not clear how emotion regulation therapy (ERT) can improve SAD co-morbid with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression. This study investigated this gap.

Method:
Treatment efficacy was assessed using a single case series methodology. Four clients with SAD co-occurring with GAD and depression symptoms received a 16-session version of ERT in weekly individual sessions. During the treatment, self-report measures and clinician ratings were used to assess the symptom intensity, model-related variables, and quality of life, work and social adjustment of participants every other week throughout the treatment. Follow-up was also conducted at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment. Data were analysed using visual analysis, effect size (Cohen’s d) and percentage of improvement.

Results:
SAD clients with depression and GAD symptoms demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in symptom severity, quality of life, work, social adjustment and model-related measures (i.e. negative emotionality/safety motivation, emotion regulation strategies). The improvements were largely maintained during the follow-up period and increased for some variables.

Conclusion:
These findings showed preliminary evidence for the role of emotion dysregulation and motivational factors in the aetiology and maintenance of SAD and the efficacy of ERT in the treatment of co-morbid SAD.
When saving is not enough – wealth decumulation in retirement
Authors: Kieren Pascal , Weber Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe field a large online survey to study preferences and hypothetical product choices for phased withdrawal accounts and compare their demand to the demand of annuities. We find that most individuals prefer phased withdrawal accounts with dynamic withdrawal rates and equity-based asset allocation. Additionally, when offered the opportunity to exchange the phased withdrawal account with an annuity, most individuals decline to annuitize. Our results suggest that policymakers should consider offering combined solutions of phased withdrawals and annuities. Retirees who are averse to full annuitization could preserve some of their accumulated wealth while also acquiring protection against longevity risk.
Global trends of antibiotics research: comparison using network analysis to map the tendencies of antibiotics in water, soil and sediment
Authors: ZHENG Chunli , LIAO Hongkai , TU Chenglong 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAntibiotic residues have entered into the environment owing to the unreasonable use and disposal of antibiotics. The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a huge threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, the network analysis method was used to compare publications on antibiotics in water, soil and sediment from the aspects of countries, institutes, journals, subject categories and keywords based on Web of Science Core Collection. The results indicated that the United States of America and China had dominant positions of studies on antibiotics. The Chinese Academy of Sciences published the most articles on antibiotic research. ‘Chemosphere’, ‘Science of the Total Environment’, ‘Environmental Science and Technology’ and ‘Applied and Environmental Microbiology’ all appeared in the top six journals. ‘Environmental Sciences and Ecology’ was the core subject category of antibiotic research. Further analysis results depicted that ‘Antibiotics’, ‘Tetracycline’ and ‘Antibiotic Resistance’ were found as the research hotspots. Tetracycline and oxytetracycline all showed in the top 50 keywords of antibiotics research in water, soil and sediment. However, chlortetracycline, sulfadiazine and tylosin all emerged only in the top 50 keywords of antibiotics study in soil. In future, more attention should be paid to antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance bacteria in antibiotics research.
„Man will einfach nicht so ein Bild von sich haben“
Authors: Kaufmann Olivia , Vriends Noortje 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bis zu 3 von 10 Jugendlichen sind von einer psychischen Störung betroffen, jedoch nur etwa ein Drittel nimmt professionelle Hilfe dafür in Anspruch. Fragestellung: Quantitativen Studien zeigen, dass Stigma mit dieser Behandlungslücke assoziiert ist. Um diese Assoziation besser zu verstehen, untersucht die aktuelle Studie den Einfluss von Stigma auf die Inanspruchnahme professioneller Hilfe bei Jugendlichen mit psychischen Problemen qualitativ. Methode: 41 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene (16 – 22 Jahre alt) nahmen an einer Gruppendiskussion mit 6 – 10 Teilnehmenden pro Gruppe teil. Die Diskussionen wurden mit inhaltlich strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Studie zeigt, dass Stigma nicht nur bei der Inanspruchnahme von professioneller Hilfe ein deutlich hemmender Faktor ist, sondern schon die Problemwahrnehmung hindert und eine stark verzögerte Erkennung des Hilfebedarfs verursacht. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Gerade in Zeiten von Covid-19 ist es wichtig, dass Jugendlichen unterstützt werden, Hilfe in Anspruch zu nehmen.