bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights Into the Nature of Plume‐Ridge Interaction and Outflux of H2O From the Galápagos Spreading Center
Authors: Gleeson Matthew L. M. , Gibson Sally A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe flow of high‐temperature and compositionally enriched material between mantle plumes and nearby spreading centers influences up to 30% of the global mid‐ocean ridge system and represents a significant, but currently unconstrained, flux of volatiles out of the mantle. Here, we present new analyses of H2O, F, Cl, and S in basaltic glass chips from an archetypal region of plume‐ridge interaction, the Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC). Our data set includes samples from the eastern GSC, on ridge segments that are strongly influenced by the adjacent Galápagos mantle plume, and complements published analyses of volatiles largely from the western GSC. We use forward models of mantle melting to investigate the role of solid and melt‐phase transport from a lithologically heterogeneous (peridotite‐pyroxenite) mantle in plume‐ridge interaction along approximately 1,000 km of the GSC. Our results indicate that the observed geochemical and geophysical variations cannot be recreated by models that only involve solid‐state transfer of material between the Galápagos mantle plume and the GSC. Instead, we show that the geochemical and geophysical data from the GSC are well‐matched by models that incorporate channelized flow of volatile‐rich melts formed at high‐pressures (>3 GPa) in the Galápagos plume stem to the GSC. In addition, our new models demonstrate that channelized flow of enriched, plume‐derived melt can account for up to ∼60% of the H2O outgassed from regions of the GSC, which are most strongly influenced by the Galápagos mantle plume.
Glacial‐Isostatic Adjustment Models Using Geodynamically Constrained 3D Earth Structures
Authors: Bagge M. , Klemann V. , Steinberger B. , Latinović M. , Thomas M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlacial‐isostatic adjustment (GIA) is the key process controlling relative sea‐level (RSL) and paleo‐topography. The viscoelastic response of the solid Earth is controlled by its viscosity structure. Therefore, the appropriate choice of Earth structure for GIA models is still an important area of research in geodynamics. We construct 18 3D Earth structures that are derived from seismic tomography models and are geodynamically constrained. We consider uncertainties in 3D viscosity structures that arise from variations in the conversion from seismic velocity to temperature variations (factor r) and radial viscosity profiles (RVP). We apply these Earth models to a 3D GIA model, VILMA, to investigate the influence of such structure on RSL predictions. The variabilities in 3D Earth structures and RSL predictions are investigated for globally distributed sites and applied for comparisons with regional 1D models for ice center (North America, Antarctica) and peripheral regions (Central Oregon Coast, San Jorge Gulf). The results from 1D and 3D models reveal substantial influence of lateral viscosity variations on RSL. Depending on time and location, the influence of factor r and/or RVP can be reverse, for example, the same RVP causes lowest RSL in Churchill and largest RSL in Oregon. Regional 1D models representing the structure beneath the ice and 3D models show similar influence of factor r and RVP on RSL prediction. This is not the case for regional 1D models representing the structure beneath peripheral regions indicating the dependence on the 3D Earth structure. The 3D Earth structures of this study are made available.
Role of fibulin-5 insufficiency and prolapse progression on murine vaginal biomechanical function
Authors: Clark-Patterson Gabrielle L. , Roy Sambit , Desrosiers Laurephile , Knoepp Leise R. , Sen Aritro , Miller Kristin S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe vagina plays a critical role in supporting the pelvic organs and loss of support leads to pelvic organ prolapse. It is unknown what microstructural changes influence prolapse progression nor how decreased elastic fibers contributes to vaginal remodeling and smooth muscle contractility. The objective for this study was to evaluate the effect of fibulin-5 haploinsufficiency, and deficiency with progressive prolapse on the biaxial contractile and biomechanical function of the murine vagina. Vaginas from wildtype (n = 13), haploinsufficient (n = 13), and deficient mice with grade 1 (n = 9) and grade 2 or 3 (n = 9) prolapse were explanted for biaxial contractile and biomechanical testing. Multiaxial histology (n = 3/group) evaluated elastic and collagen fiber microstructure. Western blotting quantified protein expression (n = 6/group). A one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test evaluated statistical significance. Pearson’s or Spearman’s test determined correlations with prolapse grade. Axial contractility decreased with fibulin-5 deficiency and POP (p < 0.001), negatively correlated with prolapse grade (ρ = − 0.80; p < 0.001), and positively correlated with muscularis elastin area fraction (ρ = − 0.78; p = 0.004). Circumferential (ρ = 0.71; p < 0.001) and axial (ρ = 0.69; p < 0.001) vaginal wall stresses positively correlated with prolapse grade. These findings demonstrated that fibulin-5 deficiency and prolapse progression decreased vaginal contractility and increased vaginal wall stress. Future work is needed to better understand the processes that contribute to prolapse progression in order to guide diagnostic, preventative, and treatment strategies.
Risk factors of recurrence and distant metastasis in primary cutaneous melanoma in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Tung-Lin , Liao Yi-Hua , Liau Jau-Yu , Sheen Yi-Shuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRisk factors of recurrence and distant metastasis of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) are of great interest for the high percentage of ALM in cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations. This single-center retrospective cohort including 177 patients with localized melanoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2020 aims to identify adverse predictors in cutaneous melanoma in Taiwan, with a focus on ALM. The relationship between clinicopathological features and outcomes, including incidences of recurrence and distant metastasis in 5 years from diagnosis, was analyzed. This study included 124 patients (70.1%) with ALM and 53 (29.9%) with non-ALM melanoma. Regarding clinicopathological characteristics, ALM patients were diagnosed at an older age and received sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) more often, while adjacent melanocytic nevi were more prevalent in non-ALM patients. With respect to prognostic implications of clinicopathological features, in ALM, implementation of SLNB was associated with a lower 5-year distant metastasis rate. Thickness of melanoma lesions over 4 mm, ulceration, and neurotropism, were related to both higher 5-year recurrence and distant metastasis rates. With regard to non-ALM patients, diagnoses made at or over 65 years old was linked to a higher 5-year recurrence rate, whereas ulceration was associated with both higher 5-year recurrence and distant metastasis rates. In conclusion, several clinicopathological characteristics have been identified to be associated with poor prognosis of cutaneous melanoma, especially ALM.
MRI before biopsy correlates with depth of invasion corrected for shrinkage rate of the histopathological specimen in tongue carcinoma
Authors: Harada Hiroyuki , Tomioka Hirofumi , Hirai Hideaki , Kuroshima Takeshi , Oikawa Yu , Nojima Hitomi , Sakamoto Junichiro , Kurabayashi Tohru , Kayamori Kou , Ikeda Tohru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate which radiological depth of invasion (r-DOI) measurement is the most concordant to clinical DOI (c-DOI) derived from correction for the shrinkage rate of the histopathological specimens. We retrospectively reviewed 128 patients with tongue carcinoma who had undergone glossectomy between 2006 and 2019. At first, the width shrinkage rate during formalin fixation and preparation process of histopathological specimens was evaluated. From the shrinking rates, a formula to calculate c-DOI from pathological DOI (p-DOI) was developed. The correlation between c-DOI and r-DOI was evaluated. The specimen shrinkage rate during the histopathological specimen preparation process was 10.3%. Based on that, we yielded the correct formula for c-DOI based on p-DOI and preparation shrinkage rate: c-DOI = p-DOI × 100/89.7. The regression equations for the association of c-DOI with r-DOI measured by ultrasound (n = 128), MRI before biopsy (n = 18), and MRI after biopsy (n = 110) were y = 1.12 * x + 0.21, y = 0.89 * x − 0.26, and y = 0.52 * x + 2.63, respectively, while the coefficients of determination were 0.664, 0.891, and 0.422, respectively. In conclusion, r-DOI using MRI before biopsy most strongly correlated with c-DOI.
Fishmeal replacement by periphyton reduces the fish in fish out ratio and alimentation cost in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata
Authors: Savonitto Gilda , Barkan Roy , Harpaz Sheenan , Neori Amir , Chernova Helena , Terlizzi Antonio , Guttman Lior 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAquaculture threatens natural resources by fishing down the sea to supply fishmeal. Alternative protein sources in aquafeeds can provide a solution, particularly those that are waste from other operations and thereby reduce feed production costs. Toward this goal, we examined the waste biomass of marine periphyton from biofilters of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system as a replacement for fishmeal in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Four isoproteic (41%) and isolipidic (16.7%) aquafeeds were formulated with increased content of periphyton and a corresponding decrease in fishmeal from 20 to 15, 10, or 0%. The growth and biochemical content of seabream fingerlings (initial body weight 10 g) were examined over 132 days. Replacing 50% of fishmeal by waste periphyton improved feed conversion ratio (1.2 vs. 1.35 in the control diet) without harming fish growth. The complete replacement of fishmeal with periphyton resulted in 15% slower growth but significantly higher protein content in the fish flesh (59 vs. 52% in the control diet). Halving fishmeal content reduced feed cost by US$ 0.13 kg−1 feed and saved 30% in the cost of conversion of feed to fish biomass (US$ 0.58 kg−1 produced fish vs. $0.83 in the control diet). Finally, the total replacement of fishmeal by waste periphyton in the diet reduced the fish in—fish out ratio to below 1 (0.5–0.9) as compared to 1.36 in the control diet. Replacing fishmeal with on-farm produced periphyton minimizes aquaculture footprint through the removal of excess nutrients in effluents and the use of waste biomass to reduce the ‘fish in’ content in aquafeeds and fish production costs. The present study demonstrates the great practical potential of this dual use of marine periphyton in enhancing the circular economy concept in sustainable fish production.
Tuberculosis in badgers where the bovine tuberculosis epidemic is expanding in cattle in England
Authors: Swift Benjamin Michael Connor , Barron Elsa Sandoval , Christley Rob , Corbetta Davide , Grau-Roma Llorenç , Jewell Chris , O’Cathail Colman , Mitchell Andy , Phoenix Jess , Prosser Alison , Rees Catherine , Sorley Marion , Verin Ranieri , Bennett Malcolm 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important animal health and economic problem for the cattle industry and a potential zoonotic threat. Wild badgers (Meles meles) play a role on its epidemiology in some areas of high prevalence in cattle, particularly in the UK and Republic of Ireland and increasingly in parts of mainland Europe. However, little is known about the involvement of badgers in areas on the spatial edge of the cattle epidemic, where increasing prevalence in cattle is seen. Here we report the findings of a study of found-dead (mainly road-killed) badgers in six counties on the edge of the English epidemic of bTB in cattle. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) infection detected in the study area was 51/610 (8.3%, 95% CI 6.4–11%) with the county-level prevalence ranging from 15 to 4–5%. The MTC spoligotypes of recovered from badgers and cattle varied: in the northern part of the study area spoligotype SB0129 predominated in both cattle and badgers, but elsewhere there was a much wider range of spoligotypes found in badgers than in cattle, in which infection was mostly with the regional cattle spoligotype. The low prevalence of MTC in badgers in much of the study area, and, relative to in cattle, the lower density of sampling, make firm conclusions difficult to draw. However, with the exception of Cheshire (north-west of the study area), little evidence was found to link the expansion of the bTB epidemic in cattle in England to widespread badger infection.
Social, demographic and health characteristics of men fathering children at different ages
Authors: Kornerup Nina , Andersen Anne-Marie Nybo , Andersen Per Kragh , Bilsteen Josephine Funck , Urhoj Stine Kjaer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine associations between selected sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics and the rates of fatherhood in different age groups. We investigated rates between 2011 and 2015 in a population-based register study including all men born from 1945 to 1995 residing in Denmark in 2011. The study population consisted of 1,867,108 men who fathered 268,612 children during the follow-up. The associations were quantified as incidence rate ratios using Poisson regression. Young men had higher rates of fathering a child if they lived outside the Capital Region, had a relatively high income, were previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, psychoactive substance abuse, personality disorders, schizophrenia or behavioural and emotional disorders. Men of advanced age had higher rates of fathering a child when born outside Denmark, living in the Capital Region, were in the lower or upper 10th percentile income group, were self-employed or unemployed or previously diagnosed with depression. Men of advanced age had lower rates of fathering a child if previously diagnosed with somatic diseases, psychoactive substance abuse or mental retardation. The findings highlight the importance of consideration of various sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics when studying associations between paternal age and offspring health.
Influence of air pollutants on varicella among adults
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Li Xiaofan , Hu Ping , Li Shanpeng , Guan Jing , Wang Bingling , Yang Feng , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLittle attention has been paid to the relationship between air pollutants and varicella among adults. We used data collected in Qingdao, China from 2014 to 2019. A combination of quasi-Poisson generalized linear model (GLM) and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was applied to evaluate the association between exposure to air pollutants and varicella. And the effects of exposure to extremely high concentration (at 97.5th percentile) and low concentration (at 2.5th percentile) of air pollutants on varicella were also calculated. The level II of GB3095-2012 was used as the reference. A 10 μg/m3increase of PM2.5was significantly associated with an increased risk of varicella (lag day: 4, 5 and 6). The negative associations were found for NO2per 10 μg/m3increase from lag 15 to 19 day. The high PM2.5concentration (135 μg/m3) was significantly associated with the increased risk of varicella (lag day: 6, 7). For NO2, the negative association was found at high concentration (75 μg/m3) on lag 15 to 20 day; and the positive relationship was shown at low concentration (10 μg/m3) on lag 15 to 20 day. Exposure to PM2.5and NO2were significantly associated with the risk of varicella among adults.
Identification and genome analysis of a novel picornavirus from captive belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in China
Authors: Wang Gaoyu , Huang Yi , Zhang Weijia , Peng Ruoyan , Luo Jun , Liu Sisi , Bai Shijie , Hu Xiaoyuan , Wu Zhiqiang , Yang Fan , Shen Shu , Zhang Yun , Tang Chuanning , Cui Xiuji , Niu Lina , Lu Gang , Li Songhai , Deng Fei , Zhang Peijun , Du Jiang , Yin Feifei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe discovery of new viruses is important for predicting their potential threats to the health of humans and other animals. A novel picornavirus was identified from oral, throat, and anal swab samples collected from belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), from Dalian Sun Asia Tourism Holding Co., China, between January and December 2018, using a metagenomics approach. The genome of this novel PicoV-HMU-1 strain was 8197 nucleotides (nt) in length, with a open reading frame (from 1091 to 8074 nt) that encoded a polyprotein precursor of 2328 amino acids. Moreover, the genomic length and GC content of PicoV-HMU-1 were within the ranges found in other picornaviruses, and the genome organization was also similar. Nevertheless, PicoV-HMU-1 had a lower amino acid identity and distinct host species compared with other members of the Picornaviridae family. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the P1 and 3D amino acid sequences of PicoV-HMU-1 along with representative members of the Picornaviridae family, which showed that PicoV-HMU-1 was related to unclassified bat picornaviruses groups. These findings suggest that the PicoV-HMU-1 strain represents a potentially novel genus of picornavirus. These data can enhance our understanding of the picornavirus genetic diversity and evolution.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Elaeagnus angustifolia L. leaf extracts and their multiple in vitro biological applications
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Yaseen Tabassum , Zahra Syeda Anber , Shahbaz Amir , Shah Sayed Afzal , Uddin Siraj , Ma Xin , Raouf Blqees , Kanwal Sobia , Amin Wajid , Mahmood Tariq , El-Serehy Hamed A. , Ahmad Parvaiz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to their versatile applications, ZnONPs have been formulated by several approaches, including green chemistry methods. In the current study, convenient and economically viable ZnONPs were produced using Elaeagnus angustifolia (EA) leaf extracts. The phytochemicals from E. angustifolia L. are believed to serve as a non-toxic source of reducing and stabilizing agents. The physical and chemical properties of ZnONPs were investigated employing varying analytical techniques (UV, XRD, FT-IR, EDX, SEM, TEM, DLS and Raman). Strong UV–Vis absorption at 399 nm was observed for green ZnONPs. TEM, SEM and XRD analyses determined the nanoscale size, morphology and crystalline structure of ZnONPs, respectively. The ZnONPs were substantiated by evaluation using HepG2 (IC50: 21.7 µg mL−1) and HUH7 (IC50: 29.8 µg mL−1) cancer cell lines and displayed potential anticancer activities. The MTT cytotoxicity assay was conducted using Leishmania tropica “KWH23” (promastigotes: IC50, 24.9 µg mL−1; and amastigotes: IC50, 32.83 µg mL−1). ZnONPs exhibited excellent antimicrobial potencies against five different bacterial and fungal species via the disc-diffusion method, and their MIC values were calculated. ZnONPs were found to be biocompatible using human erythrocytes and macrophages. Free radical scavenging tests revealed excellent antioxidant activities. Enzyme inhibition assays were performed and revealed excellent potential. These findings suggested that EA@ZnONPs have potential applications and could be used as a promising candidate for clinical development.
Transcriptional cooperation of PBX1 and PAX6 in adult neural progenitor cells
Authors: Hau Ann-Christin , Mommaerts Elise , Laub Vera , Müller Tamara , Dittmar Gunnar , Schulte Dorothea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPAX6 is a highly conserved transcription factor and key regulator of several neurogenic processes, including the continuous generation of dopaminergic/GABAergic interneurons in the adult ventricular-subventricular (V-SVZ) neurogenic system in mice. Here we report that PAX6 cooperates with the TALE-homeodomain transcription factor PBX1 in this context. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation showed that PBX1 and PAX6 co-occupy shared genomic binding sites in adult V-SVZ stem- and progenitor cell cultures and mouse embryonic stem cells, while depletion of Pbx1 revealed that association of PAX6 with these sites requires the presence of PBX1. Expression profiling together with viral overexpression or knockdown of Pax6 or Pbx1 identified novel PBX1-PAX6 co-regulated genes, including several transcription factors. Computational modeling of genome wide expression identified novel cross-regulatory networks among these very transcription factors. Taken together, the results presented here highlight the intimate link that exists between PAX6 and TALE-HD family proteins and contribute novel insights into how the orchestrated activity of transcription factors shapes adult V-SVZ neurogenesis.
A novel method for causal structure discovery from EHR data and its application to type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shen Xinpeng , Ma Sisi , Vemuri Prashanthi , Castro M. Regina , Caraballo Pedro J. , Simon Gyorgy J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern AI-based clinical decision support models owe their success in part to the very large number of predictors they use. Safe and robust decision support, especially for intervention planning, requires causal, not associative, relationships. Traditional methods of causal discovery, clinical trials and extracting biochemical pathways, are resource intensive and may not scale up to the number and complexity of relationships sufficient for precision treatment planning. Computational causal structure discovery (CSD) from electronic health records (EHR) data can represent a solution, however, current CSD methods fall short on EHR data. This paper presents a CSD method tailored to the EHR data. The application of the proposed methodology was demonstrated on type-2 diabetes mellitus. A large EHR dataset from Mayo Clinic was used as development cohort, and another large dataset from an independent health system, M Health Fairview, as external validation cohort. The proposed method achieved very high recall (.95) and substantially higher precision than the general-purpose methods (.84 versus .29, and .55). The causal relationships extracted from the development and external validation cohorts had a high (81%) overlap. Due to the adaptations to EHR data, the proposed method is more suitable for use in clinical decision support than the general-purpose methods.
A beam steering antenna based on Fresnel zone plate radome
Authors: Wu Yuting , Wu Zhouyi , Lin Peiying , Huangfu Jiangtao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a beam steering antenna was presented, comprising patch antenna and two layers of Fresnel zone plate (FZP). One of the FZP was a fixed structure, the other was a 1‐D collapsible radome with alternately deployed metal strips covering and non‐covering regions. The two sets of FZP were arranged in order in front of the patch antenna. First, the beam was compressed vertically by the fixed FZP. Subsequently, the beam steering was achieved with the use of the collapsible radome by setting the folding status in the respective region. To assess the effectiveness of the method, a 1‐D beam steering antenna working at 3 GHz was designed by applying linear polarized patch antenna as the feeding source. The collapsible FZP structure was developed using a low‐loss fiberglass cloth that was covered with copper strips. Based on the simulation and the experiment, the beam was focused to a beam width of 30° vertically and 10° horizontally. Moreover, 60° of beam steering in the horizontal direction could be achieved by regulating the folding angles in the respective region. This antenna design was found to be light weight and flexible, which has promising applications in 5G cell coverage and satellite communication.