bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There Fruit In That? Children Are Misled By Television Food Advertisements
Authors: Heller Rebecca , Berhaupt‐Glickstein Amanda , Martin‐Biggers Jennifer , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: June 2021

Fruit‐flavored food advertisements on television often contain verbal (e.g., words like fruit, fruity, juice) and visual (e.g., images, art) references to fruit despite a lack of real fruit in the product. This study determined how information in television food ads affected children's (4–7y; n=49; 65% male) perceptions of foods’ fruit content. Each child was shown the ads (n=16) in random order and, after each, asked, “Did they use fruit to make this?” The ad groupings were for 100% real fruit foods (n=8) and foods containing 0% real fruit with artificial fruit‐flavors as their only fruit “content” (n=8). Each ad grouping had 4 categories with 2 ads/category: neither fruit images nor verbal references, fruit images, verbal fruit references, and both fruit images and verbal references. All ads were for foods not distributed in the study area to control for familiarity. The presence of fruit images in ads led to the perception that the food contained real fruit, regardless of its true fruit content. The accuracy with which they could identify whether a food was made with fruit was significantly lower for ads of foods containing 0% fruit when the ad had a fruit‐related verbal (p=0.017), visual (p<0.0001), or both references (p<0.0001). Results suggest that children are deceived about foods’ real fruit content when ads for artificially fruit‐flavored foods containing 0% real fruit include fruit images.Grant Funding Source: NJ Agricultural Experiment Station
Rice bran protein concentrate can reduce fat accumulation in rats fed high‐fat diet
Authors: Yu Jaeran , Lee Okhee 
Published: June 2021

Rice is a staple food and major source for energy intake in Korean population. Furthermore, it would be the highest protein source in Korean diet, because the white rice is the most consumed food according to 2005 KNHANES. Rice bran, outer shell of the rice milling process has 10~16% highly nutritional protein itself. Rice bran protein has been reported to have anti‐obesitic effect, However the feasibility of rice protein is not well known. Therefore, we examined the effect of rice bran protein on body far accumulation in rats fed high‐fat diet based on a AIN 93M(CO), and high fat diet with rice bran protein 0% (CA), 10%(RB10) 20%(RB20), and with soy isolated protein(SP). After 50 days, the rats were sacrificed. The complete substitution of casein(CA) with rice bran protein(RB20) reduced significantly final weight and epididymal fat pad of rats fed high‐fat diets. The fecal fat excretion was the highest in the RB20 group among experimental groups. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in liver of RB10 and RB20 groups were significantly lower than those of CA. The concentration of albumin and total protein in plasma and liver did not show any differences by the replacement of casein with rice bran protein. This study suggests that the reduction of fat accumulation can be achieved in rats by replacing casein protein with rice bran protein without reducing visceral protein content.Grant Funding Source:No
Assessment of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 status among newly diagnosed Omani cardiac patients
Authors: Waly Mostafa I. , Ali Amanat , Al‐Farsi Yahya M. , Ouhtit Allal , Al‐Nassri Amira , Arafa Mostafa 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundOman is currently witnessing an increase in the rate of morbidity and mortality from non‐communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD).ObjectivesThis study was aimed to assess the nutritional and biochemical status of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in relation to homocysteine level in newly diagnosed Omani cardiac patients.Methods and SubjectsA case‐control study included 25 cases, recently diagnosed Omani cardiac patients, and 25 age and gender matched healthy subjects as a control group.ResultsAs compared to control group, the enrolled Omani cardiac patients had lower dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 that is concomitant with low serum levels of these three nutrients, P<0.05. The patents had hyperhomocysteinemia that was negatively correlated with the status of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, and they consumed high protein and saturated fats from animal sources in amount that exceeds the recommended daily dietary intake.ConclusionHyperhomocysteinemia and low status of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 are involved in the aetiology of CVD among high risk groups.
Breastfeeding and Birth Order Modify Food Insecurity's Associations with Inadequate and Excessive Infancy Weight Gain
Authors: Metallinos‐Katsaras Elizabeth Sophia , Siu Elizabeth Colavito , Colchamiro Rachel 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the associations between household (HH) food security status (FSS), and excessive (EWG) and inadequate (IWG) weight gain among low income infants.Sampleinfants on WIC (2001–2009) with complete data (n=31,423) on weight and length in early (2 months) and late (12 months) infancy, HH FSS in early (0–6 mos) and late (12 + 2 months) infancy, breastfeeding and covariates.OutcomesThe following were based on changes in weight‐for‐length z‐scores (WHO) between early and late infancy: 1) EWG = >; 2 z‐score increase 2) IWG= >; −1 z‐score decline.AnalysisMultivariate Logistic Regression.ResultsEWG: among first born infants, effects of late infancy HH food insecurity (FI) were modified by: 1) early HH FSS (p < .05), 2) whether the infant was breastfed (p < .01). Among subsequently born infants: 1) persistently low HH FSS (vs. persistent food security) increased risk of EWG (AOR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.10–1.52), 2). Among never breastfed infants, late infancy low HH FSS (vs. late food security) increased risk of EWG (AOR=1.24, 95% CI=1.05–1.47). IWG: Among first born infants, a significant interaction between late FSS and breastfeeding (p=.02) indicated that among never (but not ever) breastfed infants, any HH FI in late infancy (vs. food security), significantly elevated risk of IWG (AOR=1.60, 95% CI=1.19–2.16). Breastfeeding may buffer against adverse effects of FI on infant weight gain. Funding: ERS/USDA
Porcine prepubertal obesity is associated with altered adipokine mRNA in visceral and subcutaneous fat
Authors: Zhang Wei , Scheffler Jason , Escobar Jeffery , Reeves Heather , Van Eyk Greg , Fisher Kimberly , Seelenbinder Kirsten , Price Kathryn , Scheffler Tracy , Zhao Xiaoling , Gilbert Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

Our objective was to determine the effect of a high‐fat and high‐carbohydrate diet on body composition and adipokine mRNA in prepubertal pigs. Female 28‐d‐old Premium Genetics 1020 pigs were divided into 4 groups including 1) Control or highfat (HF) diets containing 2) complex carbohydrates (CC) or refined sugar in the form of 3) glucose or 4) fructose. At 56 d, subcutaneous, mesenteric and perirenal fat were collected. Weight gain was similar (P=0.8) among treatments whereas body fat composition increased (P<0.001) from 18% in controls to 28% in HF pigs. Diet (glucose >; control; P=0.03) and fat (perirenal >; subcutaneous; P=0.04) affected adiponectin mRNA. For monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mRNA was greater (P<0.04) in pigs that consumed CC compared with the control diet. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 was greater in perirenal fat as compared with subcutaneous (P<0.001) and mesenteric (P=0.03). The TNFα mRNA was more abundant (P=0.01) in perirenal as compared with mesenteric. Visfatin mRNA was greater in perirenal and mesenteric fat as compared with subcutaneous (P<0.01). Thus, HF diets are associated with increased adipokine mRNA with site‐specific differences.Grant Funding Source: Virginia Tech Start‐Up Fund
Differential antibody responses to HPV16 in cervical and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Unger Elizabeth R. , Panicker Gitika , Wong Jessica , Wallstrom Garrick , Haddad Robert , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Posner Marshall , Anderson Karen S. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHPV type 16 is associated with the majority of cervical precancers, invasive cervical cancer (ICC), and oropharyngeal cancers (OPC). Pap tests have lower sensitivity and higher specificity than HPV DNA testing for the selective detection of high risk cervical disease, and there are no biomarkers for OPC. Antibodies (Abs) to HPV16‐derived early proteins are potential biomarkers of HPV‐associated malignancies.MethodsUsing a custom bead array ELISA, Abs to the HPV16 proteome were measured in sera from patients with no cervical disease (CIN 0/1; n=121), high‐grade cervical precancer (CIN II/III; n=162), ICC (n=95), and OPC (n=50). The median fluorescent intensity (MFI) ratios of IgG specific for each HPV antigen to control antigen were determined and compared to cut‐off values from 50 healthy donors. HPV DNA detection and typing used L1 consensus PCR with type‐specific hybridization.ResultsAt least one HPV16 Ab to E1, E2, E6, or E7 was detected in the sera of 26% of HPV16+ ICC cases, compared with 0% of HPV+ CIN 0/1 controls and 3% of HPV+ CIN II/III and 92% of OPC. In comparison to HPV16+ ICC sera, OPC sera had higher levels of Abs to at least one antigen (p<0.0001).ConclusionSerum IgG Abs to multiple HPV16 proteins are detected in HPV associated invasive carcinomas. In contrast to ICC, OPC sera contain strong E1, E2, and E7 Abs, suggesting differences in biology between these two HPV‐associated malignancies.
Molecular histology with high resolution imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Kellersberger Katherine , Kowalski Jane‐Marie , Becker Michael , Deininger Soeren‐Oliver , Cornett Shannon 
Published: June 2021

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) compliments traditional histopathology by illuminating the biochemical processes that accompany visual changes in cellular structure. As an imaging technique, IMS is characterized by spatial resolution, but as a mass spectrometry technique IMS is characterized by the range of compounds detected. In an effort to improve the performance of IMS for high‐resolution, label‐free molecular histology we investigated two key aspects of IMS: instrumentation (laser focus) and sample processing (analyte diffusion).Using a solvent‐free preparation, images of phospholipids acquired from rat brain exhibit virtually no analyte diffusion and allow the laser focus to be reduced to cellular dimensions. For imaging larger proteins, however, solvent‐free conditions are not effective and traditional solvent‐based preparations induce substantial analyte diffusion thereby limiting resolution. Rat brain sections were processed in a high‐humidity atmosphere instead of using liquid solvent and a large number of high resolution protein images were collected. This shows that such conditions provide efficient analyte extraction with minimal migration. High resolution IMS images viewed in conjunction with histopathology show a more detailed picture of cellular processes and promises a better understanding of mechanisms of disease progression and treatment response.
Liver microRNAs are differentially expressed in human simple steatosis and non alcoholic steatohepatitis with potential repercussions on lipid metabolism and inflammatory status
Authors: Comelli Elena Maria , Kim TaeHyung , Arendt Bianca M , Singh Natasha , Zhang Zhaolei , Allard Johane P 
Published: June 2021

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with fat deposition in liver. It can present as simple hepatic steatosis (SS) or as non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammation leading to fibrosis. It is unclear which molecular mechanisms differentiate SS and NASH. Progression of SS to NASH is associated with altered hepatic microRNA (miRNA) expression in animal models, but human data are scarce. We analyzed the miRNA expression signature in histology‐proven healthy (H; n= 24), SS (n= 24) or NASH (n= 23) human adult livers by NanoString technology. We found that samples from the 3 groups cluster by disease state based on 142 differentially expressed miRNAs, suggesting that a specific liver miRNA signature distinguishes H, SS and NASH. Putative gene targets of these miRNAs were identified with 12 algorithms and used for gene ontology enrichment analysis. This showed that processes including gene transcription, apoptosis and the TGF‐β signaling pathway are commonly altered between H, SS and NASH. In addition, NASH was associated with altered regulation of lipid storage, IL‐6 and adipocytokine signaling pathways as compared to H and SS and regulation of cholesterol storage as compared to SS. These differences may have therapeutic potential.Funding sources: American College of Gastroenterology, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Functional Variations of Organic Cation Transporters associated to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in a Manitoba Cohort
Authors: Eck Peter Karl , Serrano Alejandra , Yurkova Natasha , Berstein Charles 
Published: June 2021

Polymorphisms in SLC22A4, SLC22A23 and IBD5 locus have been associated with pathogenesis of IBD. This study sought to investigate the association of common and rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within those genes in Manitoba's IBD population. DNA samples from 160 patients with Crohn's Disease (CD), 149 patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 142 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR‐RFLP analysis. The IBD5 rs11739136‐C and rs17622208‐A alleles are associated with increased susceptibility to CD (OR=1.8, 95%CI 1.28–2.5, p=0.0006; OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.01–1.92, p=0.04, respectively). Moreover, rs11739136‐CC homozygosity increased the susceptibility of UC (OR=4.74, 95% CI 1.74–12.9, p=0.0009). Both CD (62%) and UC (64%) showed higher frequencies of SLC22A23 rs17309827 T allele than controls (61%).SLC22A4 rs1050152 showed strong Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) (D′ =0.98) with rs11739135. The risk alleles conform a haplotype (TACT) which is carried by 38.8% in CD patients and 29.8% in controls (p=0.02). We report that rs11739135 and rs17622208 best tag IBD5 haplotypes.Two selected rare polymorphisms in SLC22A4 (rs11568500 and rs11568510) were not detected in our population. Rare variations might be relevant in populations with different ethnical background. Further studies on the role of solute transporters in IBD are needed to develop therapeutic interventions.
The Ameliorative Effect of Silymarin on Cadmium‐Treated Human Lung Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Webster Camille A , Latinwo Lekan M. , Badisa Veera L.D. , Odewumi Caroline O. , Darling‐Reed Selina F. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCadmium is a non‐essential metal and environmental hazardous pollutant. The exposure of cadmium causes damage to all organs of human body and mainly accumulates in the liver and lungs due to cigarette smoke that contains cadmium. This leads to cancer in different organs of the body. Silymarin is a polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid complex found in the herb, Silybum marianum (milk thistle seed).MethodsIn this study, the ameliorative effect of silymarin on the viability and the DNA damage was evaluated in cadmium‐induced human lung carcinoma cells (A549) by comet assay.ResultsThe results showed that treatment of human lung carcinoma cells with cadmium chloride alone for 24 h resulted in decrease in cell viability; while co‐treatment with silymarin showed an increase in viability. The human lung carcinoma cells treated with cadmium chloride alone increased the tail DNA and tail length; while co‐treatment with silymarin decreased the tail DNA and tail length in both single and double strand DNA comet assays.ConclusionOur results clearly show the ameliorative effect of silymarin on the viability and DNA damage in human lung carcinoma cells and suggest that it can be used for prevention and treatment of cadmium toxicity.
Decreased transglutaminase activity in aorta from hypertensive rats, measured by in situ detection of a free amine donor
Authors: Petersen‐Jones Humphrey G , Johnson Kyle B , Watts Stephanie W 
Published: June 2021

Transglutaminases (TGs) catalyze protein modifications in vasculature by forming covalent bonds between protein‐bound glutamine residues and free amine groups. TG protein remodeling has been implicated in hypertension. Studies measuring in situ TG activity with glutamine donor peptides K5 (TG1) and T26 (TG2) show a decrease in TG1 and TG2 activity in aorta from hypertensive rats vs normotensive rats. To measure TG activity we used Pentylamine‐Biotin (BaP), a free amine TG substrate. We hypothesized in situ TG activity will be decreased in aorta from hypertensive rats vs normotensive rats. Using aorta from deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt, sham, spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone (SHRSP), and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats, (mean BP 212, 115, 202, and 117 mmHg, respectively) we performed in situ detection of TG activity using BaP visualized with Alexa Fluor 555‐linked streptavidin. We observed decreased TG activity in aorta from hypertensive rats, versus normotensive (DOCA: 0.47±0.034, sham: 0.92±0.047; SHRSP: 0.76±0.077, WKY: 1.4±0.13 mean fluorescence/mm2; p<0.05; n=4). We are perfecting a protein assay using biotinylated K5 and T26 peptides to identify TG1 and TG2 specific substrates. In conclusion, TG activity is decreased in aorta from hypertensive rats vs normotensive rats, suggesting a decrease in TG activity plays a role in the pathology of hypertension.The APS supported this research.
A pivotal role for pericytes in non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced toxicity
Authors: Peppiatt‐Wildman Claire M , Kennedy‐Lydon Teresa , Crawford Carol , Wildman Scott S P 
Published: June 2021

Pericytes regulate vasa recta diameter in response to numerous endogenous vasoactive agents [1] and in so doing regulate medullary blood flow (MBF). Renal pericytes have also been implicated in numerous forms of kidney disease. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), routinely prescribed to alleviate pain and inflammation, have established nephrotoxic side effects, such as reduced MBF, that are often associated with chronic renal disease. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and the production of endogenous vasodilatory prostanoids, which we have previously shown to exert their effects on vasa recta diameter via their action at pericytes. We propose renal pericytes are pivotal in NSAID‐mediated reduction in MBF and associated nephrotoxicity.We have utilized the live kidney slice model [1] to demonstrate NSAID‐mediated reduction in vasa recta diameter occurs specifically at pericytes and have identified NSAID‐mediated inhibition of vasodilatory PGE2 and PGI2 as critical in this process. We identify renal tubules as the source of vasodilatory prostanoids and suggest pericyte‐mediated tubulovascular cross‐talk mechanisms are vital for MBF regulation, and dysregulation of tubulovascular cross‐talk is central in NSAID‐associated nephrotoxicity.
Role of connexin 45 in the autoregulatory response of the afferent arteriole
Authors: Sorensen Charlotte Mehlin , Braunstein Thomas Hartig , Holstein‐Rathlou Niels‐Henrik 
Published: June 2021

Connexins expressed in renal arterioles are believed to influence the regulation of arteriolar tonus and renal blood flow. Connexin 45 (Cx45), which is primarily expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent and efferent arterioles, has been suggested to play a role in the regulation of renin secretion. Also, Cx45 may be involved in the transmission of the signal initiating the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response.In mice lacking Cx45 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells we examined the renal autoregulatory response by measuring changes in afferent arteriolar diameter in response to step increases in perfusion pressure. We used the isolated blood‐perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation to visualize afferent arterioles. Cx45 deficient mice did not seem to have a higher mean arterial blood pressure than age‐matched litter‐mate wild type controls. The reduction in afferent arteriole diameter in response to step increases in renal perfusion pressure was significantly reduced in Cx45 deficient mice compared to the wild‐type litter‐mates. Removal of the TGF response did not seem to affect the ability to regulate afferent diameter in Cx45 deficient animals compared to wild‐type litter mates. These results suggest that Cx45 plays a major role in the myogenic component of the autoregulatory response of the afferent arteriole.
Hypertension in a rat model of HELLP Syndrome is associated with Increased TNF‐alpha, IL‐6 and CD4+ T cell activation
Authors: Wallace Kedra , Darby Marie , Kyle Patrick , Morris Rachael , Moseley Janae , Frazier Krystal , LaMarca Babbette 
Published: June 2021

HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) is a hypertensive disorder that can occur during pregnancy with severe symptoms and consequences, however, the physiological mechanisms involved are unknown. Our previous studies have shown that women with HELLP syndrome have elevated sFlt‐1, sEndoglin, TNF‐α and IL‐6. In this study we utilized a HELLP syndrome rodent model to determine if immune activation occurs similarly to that seen in HELLP patients.On gestational day (GD) 12, sEndoglin (7ug/kg/day) and sFlt‐1 (4.7ug/kg/day) infusion began via miniosmotic pump into normal pregnant (NP) rats. On GD18 carotid catheters were inserted, GD19 mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma and tissue collected.MAP increased from NP (n=21) 101.1±1.7 to 113.4±3.2mmHg in HELLP rats (n=14; P<.05). Liver enzymes increased from 46.3±6.9 in NP to 63.8±4.6 IU/L in HELLP rats (P<.05) and platelets decreased in HELLP rats (7112±657.9uL) vs. NP rats (28714+5236uL, P<.5). TNFα and IL‐6 were increased in HELLP rats (54.7±12.6 vs. 25.6±3.5pg/mL; P<.5) and (103.6±26.5 vs. 40.2±8.2pg/mL; P<.05) compared to NP rats. HELLP rats had increased CD4+ T lymphocytes compared to NP rats, circulating 20.7 to 8.9% (P<.5); spleen 7.1 to 4.9% and liver 14.7 to 3.8% gated.In this study we demonstrate that hypertension in a rat model of HELLP syndrome, is associated with a T helper 1 immune activation similar to that seen in HELLP patients.
Afferent Vagal Nerve Stimulation Resets the Baroreflex Neural Arc and Inhibits Sympathetic Nerve Activity
Authors: Saku Keita , Sakamoto Kazuo , Hosokawa Kazuya , Kakino Takamori , Ikeda Masataka , Oga Yasuhiro , Nishizaki Akiko , Ide Tomomi , Sunagawa Kenji 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) benefits patients with heart failure. The afferent vagal nerve mediates cardiopulmonary reflex. We hypothesized that vagal afferent stimulation (AVNS) suppresses sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and improves heart failure.Methods and ResultsIn 5 ventilated rats, we controlled the isolated, bilateral carotid sinuses pressure (CSP) and measured celiac SNA and AP. In the presence of constant CSP, increasing the voltage of AVNS captured the vagal afferent nerves at 2.7±0.7 volts and dose dependently decreased SNA and AP with a maximal inhibition of SNA at 5.5±1.2 volts. We changed CSP stepwise and measured SNA and AP. AVNS shifted the CSP‐SNA relation (neural arc) downward, whereas unaffected the SNA‐AP relation (peripheral arc). To evaluate the dynamic impacts of AVNS, we randomly stimulated AVNS with binary white noise sequence, and identified the transfer functions from AVNS to SNA (HAVNS‐SNA) and from the SNA to AP (HSNA‐AP). HAVNS‐SNA resembles that of the neural arc, while HSNA‐AP resembles that of the peripheral arc indicating AVNS induces sympathoinhibition just like baroreflex.ConclusionAVNS resets the baroreflex neural arc and induces sympathoinhibition. It may in part attribute to the beneficial impacts of VNS on heart failure.