Pre-Clinical and Clinical Immunomodulatory Effects of Pomalidomide or CC-92480 in Combination with Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Bjorklund Chad C , Amatangelo Michael , Chiu Hsiling , Kang Jian , Civardi Tiziana , Katz Jessica , Maciag Paulo , Hagner Patrick , Pourdehnad Michael , Bahlis Nizar J. , Richardson Paul G. , Thakurta Anjan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background: Pomalidomide (POM) is an established agent in relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM) with direct cytotoxicity against MM cells and immunostimulatory activities in multiple cell types including T cells and NK cells. CC-92480 is a novel Aiolos/Ikaros degrading cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD ®) agent is currently being investigated in combination with the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (BTZ) and corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX), or with DEX only in R/R MM (CC-92480-MM-002 and CC-92480-MM-001). Previous results indicate that triplet combination of POM/BTZ/DEX may enhance some T, B and NK cell subpopulations, overcoming immunosuppression when compared to BTZ/DEX-only treated patients (Rao et al, 2019). Mechanisms of action (MOA) of CC-92480- and POM-mediated substrate depletion occurs via ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, where BTZ has been speculated as potentially antagonistic as a PI. Here, we report pre-clinical and clinical observations of an immune MOA of CC-92480 or POM in combination with BTZ.
Results: To mimic the clinical pharmacokinetics, BTZ was utilized as a high-dose pulse method alone and in combination with POM or CC-92480, followed by flow cytometric measurements of Aiolos and Ikaros protein abundance in healthy donor (HD) T cells. The addition of BTZ modestly delayed CRBN-dependent substrate depletion compared to single agent POM or CC-92480; however, this effect was only apparent at early time points (1-6 hr) where the effect was negligible by 24 hr.
To understand the functional implications of BTZ combination, we conducted CD3-stimulated PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity assay against H929 MM target cells in a co-culture model. The efficiency of POM or CC-92480 induced PBMC-mediated killing in a dose dependent manner (~65% increase compared to DMSO) were similar at a 100-fold lower dose range of CC-92480 compared to POM, with the effect not being altered by co-treatment with BTZ. These data were replicated with a POM or CC-92480 treated supernatant stimulation of purified NK cells co-culture, which induced an 80% reduction in target cell viability with the BTZ combination having no negative effects on CELMoD-mediated activity. Cytokine analysis on PBMC supernatants treated with either POM or CC-92480 in the absence or presence of BTZ-pulse showed a dose-dependent increase in IL-2 (&gt;2.4-fold) and Granzyme B (&gt;3.1-fold), which were not impacted by BTZ co-treatment.
As a secondary readout on activation status, we measured multiple signaling molecules and activation markers on the cell surface of T and NK cell subsets in CD3 stimulated HD PBMCs treated with dose-dependent POM or CC-92480 with or without co-treatment of BTZ. Compared to DMSO controls, elevated expression levels of CD25 (IL2RA), CD278 (ICOS), Granzyme B, CD134 (OX40R) and HLA-DR were observed with both POM and CC-92480 on CD4, CD8 and NK cells demonstrating a CELMoD-mediated increase in immune activation. These effects were not impacted by the co-treatment of BTZ.
Examination of peripheral blood samples from MM patients enrolled in the CC-92480-MM-001/002 (NCT03374085/NCT03989414) clinical trials revealed that CC-92480 promoted potent immunomodulation when administered in combination with DEX and with BTZ/DEX. These data included increased numbers of activated and central memory T cells, as well as increased Ki67+ proliferating T and NK cell populations compared to samples collected during the screening period before any drugs had been administered, consistent with earlier observation of POM in combination with BTZ/DEX treated patients.
Conclusions: Taken together, these data demonstrate that POM and CC-92480 are potent immunomodulatory agents with enhanced induction of PBMC and NK mediated cell killing of MM tumor cells and activation of T and NK cells, at 100-fold lower concentrations of CC-92480 compared to POM. Additionally, we showed that combination with BTZ in preclinical assays and in the clinical setting did not antagonistically affect the immunostimulatory ability of POM or CC-92480.

Disclosures
Bjorklund: BMS: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Amatangelo: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Chiu: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Kang: BMS: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Civardi: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Katz: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Maciag: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Hagner: BMS: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Pourdehnad: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Patents & Royalties: No royalty. Bahlis: Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria. Richardson: Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Research Funding; Protocol Intelligence: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Secura Bio: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Regeneron: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding. Thakurta: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Patents & Royalties.