bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Consequences of Imitative Behavior in Children: The "Evel Knievel Syndrome"
Authors: Daven Joel , O'Conner J. F. , Briggs Roy 
Published: December 2021

Televised violence, especially during sporting events and news reporting, is increasingly implicated in imitative and aggressive behavior exhibited by children. This behavior often results in severe injury. We are all aware of the numerous injuries sustained by children participating in such contact sports as ice hockey and football, yet the number of such injuries due to identification with sports heroes and imitation of their exploits is unknown. The corresponding literature on this aspect of imitative behavior is nonexistent.
During the late summer and fall of 1974, the daredevil exploits of Evel Knievel received extensive media coverage, especially on the sports segments of television news programs.
Citrullinemia: Phenotypic Variations
Authors: Whelan Donald T. , Brusso Terry , Spate Marilyn 
Published: December 2021

An 18-month-old female infant was found to have citrullinemia on routine plasma screening by the Seriver Method at 5 days of age. At 10 days of age, plasma citrulline concentration was 0.704µmol/ml (normal, 0.010 to 0.030µmol/ml) and has remained 60 to 80 times higher than normal. Urine citrulline concentration was markedly elevated. Hyperammonemia occurred at 1 month of age. The serum ammonia concentration was 473µg/100 ml (normal, 50 to 250µg/100 ml) and rose to 770µg/100 ml at 4 months of age. Dietary protein was restricted to 1.6 gm/kg/day. Without further change in protein intake, the serum ammonia concentration decreased to 280µg/100 ml and, since then, it has returned to normal. The addition of three synthetic L-amino acids was required for a short time during dietary therapy. At 10 months of age, the infant was given a normal diet. At 18 months of age, her physical and mental development is normal. Activity of argininosuccinic acid synthetase measured in skin fibroblasts was 0.0037µmol of radioactive carbon dioxide per milligram of protein per hour. To demonstrate heterozygosity, fasting plasma citrulline concentrations were measured in five members of the family.
Comparison of findings in this patient with those reported in the literature suggests phenotypical variation of the disease, probably due to genetic heterogeneity.
A Modified Peripheral Capillary Blood Culture Sampling Technique
Authors: Jennings Paul B. , Dixon Robert S. , McCarthy Mary K. , Mettler Pamela R. 
Published: December 2021

Previous reports from this facility described a method of blood culture sampling in three animal species using 0.2 ml or less of arterial and peripheral capillary blood.1,2 When ten or more organisms per milliliter of blood were present, the small sample method was as effective in detecting Escherichia coli bacteremia as was the standard blood culture technique using larger quantities of blood. However, when using the micro blood collecting tube method, contamination of the sample with air or skin microorganisms was a distinct problem. In this report, refinement of the micro sampling method was attempted to reduce contamination.
Ten Beagle puppies (five male and five female), in the weight range between 5.7 to 9.0 kg, were utilized.
Pericardial Window Complicated by Acute Congestive Heart Failure in a Patient With Chronic Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Herzog David B. , Gilbert Enid M. , Levy Jay M. , Chung Kyung J. 
Published: December 2021

Pericardial effusion, as part of the post-pericardiotomy syndrome, appears in the early postoperative period and is generally benign and self-limited.1
Recently, a patient developed chronic pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade after repair of Ebstein's anomaly. Surgical drainage of the pericardial effusion resulted in acute cardiac failure and death.
The purpose of this paper is to present this case and to discuss the pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac failure as a complication of chronic pericardial effusion.
CASE REPORT
L. B. (UWH No. 684 090) had Ebstein's anomaly confirmed at age 6 weeks by cardiac catheterization. Because of progressive cyanosis and exercise intolerance, at the age of 13 years she underwent total repair of tricuspid valvulopasty and closure of atrial septal defect.
Tympanometric Detection of Middle Ear Effusion in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Paradise Jack L. , Smith Clyde G. , Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: December 2021

Tympanometry, a test of middle ear status new to clinical pediatrics, was carried out on 280 subjects, 10 days through 5 years of age. The tympanograms obtained were compared with otoscopic findings and, in 107 of the subjects, with findings at myringotomy. Seven distinct tympanometric curve types were identified and defined, based on their degree of correlation with the presence or absence of middle ear effusion.
In subjects 7 months of age and older, curves suggesting normal (high) tympanic membrane compliance in combination with atmospheric or near-atmospheric middle ear air pressure were rarely associated with effusion. Conversely, curves suggesting low tympanic membrane compliance were highly correlated with the presence of effusion. Curves suggesting intermediate compliance or reduced middle ear air pressure were also correlated with effusion, but the degree of correlation was dependent on the shape of the curve.
In infants less than 7 months of age, many of the ears with effusion had "normal" tympanograms, presumably because external auditory canal walls in such infants tend to be highly distensible.
Tympanometry is a simple, rapid, atraumatic, valid, and objective test, easily administered by paraprofessional personnel. Its use can result in improved detection of middle ear effusion and other middle ear abnormalities, and also appears to promote improvement in diagnostic acumen.
Car Safety for Infants: Effectiveness of Prenatal Counseling
Authors: Kanthor Harold A. 
Published: December 2021

In a pediatric office setting, car safety counseling was provided to 16 primigravida women during a prenatal pediatric interview. A control group of 19 women received no counseling during a similar interview. Forty-two percent of noncounseled mothers and 69% of counseled mothers were using a safe infant restraint system at the six-week well-child visit.
Preventive counseling in car safety is an important role for the pediatrician.
Nosocomial Transmission of Group B Streptococci
Authors: Aber Robert C. , Allen Nancy , Howell James T. , Wilkenson Hazel W. , Facklam Richard R. 
Published: December 2021

Group B streptococci are an important cause of infant septicemia and meningitis. A prospective study of group B streptococcal colonization in a 300-bed community hospital disclosed rates of 29% of 297 third-trimester women, 37% of 242 newborn infants, and 45% of 22 hospital personnel. Colonized parturients were more frequently black and anemic on admission for delivery. Infant colonization was statistically associated with a positive maternal genital culture, low birthweight, and prematurity.
Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci was strongly suggested by observations that 41% of colonized infants were born to culture-negative women and such infants became colonized later in their hospital stay than did colonized infants born to colonized women. Furthermore, hospital personnel working in the labor-delivery and nursery areas had a significantly higher prevalence of the organism than did personnel from other areas.
Clearly, more information is needed about the epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease before appropriate and rational control measures can be recommended.
A Sequential Study of Various Modes of Skin and Umbilical Care and the Incidence of Staphylococcal Colonization and Infection in the Neonate
Authors: Johnson John D. , Malachowski Natalie C. , Vosti Kenneth L. , Sunshine Philip 
Published: December 2021

The rates of colonization and infection of newborns with coagulase-positive staphylococci were studied during five sequential periods using various modes of skin care in the nursery. Colonization and infection were low during the baseline period when total body bathing with 3% hexachlorophene was employed (period 1), but increased dramatically (80% colonization, 9.5% infection) when hexachlorophene was discontinued and replaced by Ivory Soap baths (period 2). Reinstitution of hexachlorophene (period 3) reduced both colonization and infection, but not to the low levels seen during period 1. A second Ivory Soap period (period 4) resulted in a return to high colonization (77%) and infection (11.5%) rates. During period 5, daily Ivory Soap baths were continued and bacitracin ointment was applied to the umbilical area at least three times daily. Colonization was reduced to 10% and infection to 3.0%. Bacitracin could not be detected in serum in 15 infants studied.
Colonization with gram-negative enteric bacilli was highest while using hexachlorophene or Ivory-bacitracin, but no increase in gram-negative infections was seen. Colonization of newborns with non-group A β-hemolytic streptococci was not influenced predictably with various modes of skin care.
The local application of bacitracin is a safe and effective method of controlling staphylococcal colonization and disease for infants in nurseries.
On Failing in School
Authors: Menkes John H. 
Published: December 2021

As our society becomes increasingly complex, higher premiums attend success and, as an inevitable corollary, the adverse impact of failure has a greater effect. For the school-aged child, success or failure in mastering educational basics usually determines his future career, his role in society, and, all too often, his personal esteem. It is little wonder, therefore, that school failure represents a major catastrophe affecting both the child and his family. Although there is considerable evidence that learning can improve when the school environment is rectified to match individual needs, in the majority of cases, both parents and schools have turned to the pediatrician for assistance in handling the slow or defective learner. Often the pediatrician shoulders this burden willingly, and, in fact, is probably the most interested and adept person available. But what a confused and confusing field learning disorders are!
There are almost as many approaches to the evaluation and treatment of school failure as there are physicians involved in this area. The literature, while extensive, is of little help, and even such obvious questions as when to perform electroencephalography or what role drug therapy plays yield the most divergent replies.
In this symposium, the Editors of Pediatrics have asked four individuals, each an authority in the area of learning disorders, to describe their management of the child with school failure. As a consequence of the diversity of their professional backgrounds and divergent characteristics of the patient population, each of the authors stresses a different aspect.
For instance, it is clear from the paper of Drs. Hogan and Ryan that, in Mississippi, school problems do not plague physicians or educators to the extent that they do in California.
The Assessment of the Child at School Entry
Authors: Bax Martin C. O. 
Published: December 2021

Most learning and behavior disorders in school children present as "crisis situations," when anxious parents or exasperated teachers suddenly call for medical or psychological help with a child aged 9, 10, or 11 who is in severe difficulties. It is not surprising that remedial efforts to help these children are often unsuccessful. It seems likely that if we could identify the children earlier and try to help them before they get into difficulties, the results would be much better. However, the correlation between abnormalities found in babies in the newborn period or in the early years of life, although significant, are quite low, and we cannot identify with any degree of reliability children who may have school difficulties at this earlier age. On the other hand, we have shown that a thorough assessment of the child at school entry will allow one to identify quite a large proportion of the children who are going to get into difficulties.1 A careful assessment, therefore, of children at school entry is an essential part of educational pediatrics.
There are a number of other reasons why preschool assessments cannot identify potential problems. The main one is that there are a number of functions emerging about age 5 or 6 which cannot be adequately studied in the early years. A further, and very important, reason for putting a great deal of emphasis on the initial examination at school is that whatever administrative arrangements, under the various systems of medicine that operate in different countries, are made in the preschool period to see children, it is difficult to be certain of seeing all the children. It is just those children who are not brought by their parents for regular preschool examinations who are most likely to be among those who run into difficulties.
Intralipid and Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Beveridge John 
Published: December 2021

Stimulated by Professor R.B. Elliott of Auckland, Australia, we have administered Intralipid regularly to a small number of babies in the last two years. The volume used has been 10 ml of the 10% solution per kilogram of body weight. This volume is administered every three weeks, the infusion taking approximately three hours.
The four entrants in the trial are all doing well clinically. The details of their sweat electrolyte studies are shown in Table I.
Breast Milk Banks: The New Model
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B. , Jelliffe E. F. Patrice 
Published: December 2021

Present evidence seems to suggest increasingly that fresh human milk has a protective role in the syndrome of acute necrotizing enterocolitis. For this reason (and many others), there appears to be an understandable increase in interest in the development of breast-milk banks.
Considerable information already exists concerning the organization of such banks in the early decades of the present century and prior to that time. However, the milk stored in such earlier banks was not usually fresh, as it was primarily required for feeding rather than for the control of bacterial colonization of the intestine.
The Role of the Pediatrician in Adoption With Reference to "The Right To Know"
Authors:   Committee on Adoption and Dependent Care, Lewis Donald , Cypress George C. , Davis Joseph H. , Harris Ruth C. , Sherry S. Norman 
Published: December 2021

The adoption process in our country traditionally has been designed to safeguard the rights of adoptive parents, insure the solidarity of the adoptive family, and preserve the anonymity of the natural parents. To accomplish this, when adoptions are finalized, the original birth certificate is "sealed" and a new certificate is issued in the name of the adoptive parents. Once sealed, the laws of most states specify that the original record can be opened only by court order and for "just cause." A few states have provisions for opening of the records on demand of the adoptee when that person becomes an adult. This provision often turns out to be true in theory but not in practice, and the definition of "just cause" has varied greatly from court to court.
Most adoptive parents have warm and loving relationships with their adoptive children. Most try to pass on to them, at appropriate times, as much of the birth information as they know and are able to provide. Most adoptees have a warm and loving and truly bonded relationship with their adoptive parents. In spite of this, and regardless of their attachment to the adoptive parents, some adoptees, as they reach maturity, have a compelling desire to learn of their natural parent or parents.
Many adult adoptees and adoption specialists see this search as essential to the establishment of a sense of identity. Most reports of reunions indicate that adoptees have been pleased with the meeting and that their ties to their adoptive parents have been strengthened thereby.
What's a PCMPFC?
Authors: Silver Henry K. , Krugman Richard D. , McAtee Patricia R. 
Published: December 2021

In their article discussing implications of the declining birth rate on the future need for pediatricians in the United States, Gorwitz and Smith (56:592, October 1975) conclude that three basic choices need to be considered in planning for the training of pediatricians:
1. Leave the number and content of pediatric residencies as previously constituted even though this has the potential of producing a surplus of physicians whose training bears an increasingly limited relationship to their practice.
Kerion Treatment
Authors: Kahn Guinter 
Published: December 2021

The article "Kerion Caused by Trichophyton verrucosum" by Stocker et al. (Pediatrics 59:912, June 1977) represents a case report in need of addition. The authors state that "Kerion is the clinical term for a deep . . . boggy skin infection caused by various fungi," but end their discussion by pointing out the immunological basis of kerion.
Would not the authors consider kerion to be the clinical term for a deep, boggy infection caused by an allergic reaction to various fungi?
Esophagrams Are Useful
Authors: McCauley Roy G. K. , Darling Donald B. , Leonidas John C. , Schwartz Alan M. , Leape Lucien L. 
Published: December 2021

The data presented by Euler and Ament (Pediatrics 60:65, July 1977) would suggest that the barium esophagram is of no value in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in pediatric patients. Seven of their 24 patients with symptoms of GER required surgery (fundoplication). In none of these seven patients did the esophagram show GER. The esophagram showed reflux in only three of the 24 patients.
In our experience the barium esophagram has been very reliable in demonstrating GER. Reflux was demonstrated radiologically in all of the 47 cases requiring surgical fundoplication for relief of symptoms during the past three years at the Boston Floating Hospital.
DOES THE WORLD NEED A NEW TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS?
Authors: Haggerty Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

A major new text on pediatrics, the first in more than a decade, justifies breaking our recent decision to discontinue book reviews in Pediatrics, for many of our readers will want to know about the new text.
There is much that is different in this text including: the opening chapter on ecology of patient care; obtaining the data base (a good description of history taking and physical examination that is generally missing from standard texts, and also covers computers in medicine and record systems); an elegant, competent and practical chapter on nutrition; perinatal care (including much more on intrauterine and birth processes, human sexuality, contraception, and abortion than is usual in pediatric texts); social pediatrics (family change, day care, divorce, foster care, rights of children); organization of health services for children; adolescent pregnancies, rape, runaway children, substance abuse; sleep disorders; inherited disease (well-done, with branching logic trees for assisting in diagnosis); common orthopedia problems; and tests for infectious diseases. These chapters are among those that I found most useful.
But there are also good chapters on disorders of each organ-system, covering diseases seen in the office or the hospital. Indeed, very little is missing from this book. It deals with traditional pediatric problems as well as new ones.
A reviewer presumably looks for faults. I found several. The major ones are redundancy and difficulty in looking up topics. Because the book is organized under several different subjects, the same topics are often dealt with under sections on diagnosis, organ-system disorders, and causes of disease.
Injuries From Exploding Bottles
Authors: Gardner H. Garry 
Published: December 2021

Accidents take the lives of more children 1 to 4 years of age than the next seven ranking causes combined.1 In 1973, accidents were responsible for 42% of the mortality from all causes among boys 1 to 4 years old and 37% of that among girls of the same age group.1, Two recent injuries from exploding pop bottles, one of them fatal, prompted me to emphasize the extreme danger that glass bottles containing carbonated beverages under pressure pose to small children.
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
The parents of a 15-month-old child, after hearing a bottle explode, discovered the child crouching with a piece of glass in the perineum and innumerable pieces of glass scattered about the room.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: New Maria I. 
Published: December 2021

This is the report of a conference held December 6 through 9, 1977, at the Kroc Foundation headquarters in Santa Ynez, California. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development cosponsored the meeting with the Foundation.
The conference was conceived at a time when prescribing estrogens had become controversial among physicians and the public. The treatment of tall girls to limit growth was sufficiently newsworthy to appear as an article in the New York Times Magazine. The occurrence of adenocarcinoma in the daughters of women treated prenatally with diethylstilbestrol was the subject of congressional hearings. It seemed the right time to bring together experts on the risks and benefits of prescribing estrogens to analyze what was known on the subject and to make recommendations on the use of estrogens in treating the young.
The publication includes the presentations at the conference, reports of the general discussions, and a summation of conclusion and recommendations. An article is included by Dr. Zev Rosenwaks and colleagues that was not presented but seemed appropriate to the symposium. The reports of the general discussion were made by Dr. Allan Root, University of South Florida. The final summation was drafted by a committee composed of Drs. Conte, Crawford, Gurpide, Levine, New, and Root, and was submitted for comment to all the participants. Carole Bergstein was copy editor. I wish to thank all these people for their help.
Estrogen Use in Children and Adolescents: A Survey
Authors: Conte Felix A. , Grumbach Melvin M. 
Published: December 2021

Members of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the European Society of Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) were mailed a questionnaire to survey their views and practices with respect to the use of estrogens in children and adolescents. The purpose of this survey was to ascertain the prevalence of estrogen therapy in children and adolescents, as well as the estrogen preparation used, dose, benefits, and observed complications. Seventy-four of 213 LWPES members or groups and 29 of 106 ESPE members or groups returned the survey. The lack of rapid retrieval systems in many clinics and the necessity for return of the survey data within a ten-week period precluded many respondents from the exhaustive, careful chart reviews necessary to answer many of the questions posed. Accordingly, data generated in this survey must be interpreted in this light.
Estrogens are used primarily in children and adolescents for (1) the treatment of tall stature, (2) replacement therapy in hypogonadal adolescents, and (3) as a component of contraceptive pills given to sexually active teenagers.
ESTROGEN TREATMENT OF TALL GIRLS
The treatment of "excessively" tall adolescent girls with pharmacologic doses of estrogen, in an attempt to decrease mature height, has been a subject of controversy since its inception by Goldzieher1 in 1956; 50% of the LWPES and 17% of the ESPE respondents indicated that they never treat "tall" girls with pharmacologic doses of estrogen, basing their decision primarily on the fact that the long-term side effects of such doses of estrogens are unknown. In addition, the risk-benefit ratio and the fact that tall stature is not a disease were other important reasons for not treating these girls.