bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants Of Adherence To Dietary Prescription Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Benjamin Rahab , Mwansisya Tumbwene E. , Lyimo Mary 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease means it has become a leading cause of death worldwide and a global health concern. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Tanzania is 12.4%. A major cause of mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease is non-adherence to dietary prescription. However, factors associated with non-adherence to dietary prescription remain unknown. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive cross sectional design, To investigate determinants of adherence to dietary prescription among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Result: Data were obtained from 150 participants; 56.7% adhered to their prescribed diet. Factors significantly associated with adherence to dietary prescription were permanent residence in the city where the hospital was located (p=0.018), age (p=0.000), employment status (p=0.017), duration of chronic kidney disease (p=0.001), comorbidity (p=0.029), family awareness (p=0.003), affordability (p=0.044) and convenience of nutritional counseling services (p=0.046), and conversation with a healthcare provider regarding diet (p=0.039). Predictors of adherence were permanent residence (p=0.010), age (p=0.002), duration of chronic kidney disease (p=0.012), and conversation regarding diet with a healthcare provider (p=0.018). Conclusion These findings highlight a need for interventions to improve adherence to dietary prescription. Building understanding of determinants of adherence to dietary regimens among patients with end-stage renal disease is critical because of the poor progress associated with non-adherence. Further mixed method research should be conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of adherence to dietary prescription and associated factors.
Preparation, Characterization, and Biodistribution of Glutathione PEGylated Nanoliposomal Doxorubicin for Brain Drug Delivery with A Post-insertion Approach
Authors: mehrabian Amin , Vakili-Ghartavol Roghayyeh , Mashreghi Mohammad , Saremi Sara Shokooh , Badiee Ali , Arabi Leila , Alavizadeh Hoda , Moosavian Seyedeh Alia , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Brain cancer treatments have been largely unsuccessful due to the blood-brain barrier. Several publications support the presence of glutathione (GSH) receptors on the surface of the BBB and consequently the products such as the 2B3-101, which is almost 5% pre-inserted GSH PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin, is under process in clinical studies. Here we conducted the PEGylated nanoliposomal doxorubicin particles that are covalently attached to the glutathione using the post-insertion technique. The post-insertion methodology is noticeably simpler, faster, and more cost-effective compared to the pre-insertion method which makes it desirable for large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing. The 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ligands of the DSPE PEG(2000) Maleimide-GSH complexes were incorporated into the available Caelyx. According to the animal studies such as biodistribution, fluorescent microscopy, and pharmacokinetic studies, the 200L and 400L treatment arms were the most promising formulations compared to the Caelyx. They proved that post-inserted nanocarriers with 40 times lower levels of GSH micelles compared to the 2B3-101 have significantly increased the penetrance through the blood-brain barrier. Other tissue analysis showed that the doxorubicin will likely accumulate in the liver, spleen, heart, and lung in comparison with the Caelyx due to the expressed GSH receptors on tissues as an endogenous antioxidant. In conclusion, as was expected, the post-insertion technique was found a successful approach with more pharmaceutical aspects for large-scale production. Moreover, it is highly recommended further investigations to determine the efficacy of 5% post-inserted GSH targeted nanoliposomes versus the 2B3-101 as a similar formulation with a different preparation method.
Design And Power Generation Performance Analysis of A Rim-Driven Wave Energy Generator
Authors: Jian Zhang , Ren Yaoyao , Hou Xiangying , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wave energy exploitation is getting more attention from researchers Many types of devices that can convert wave energy into electricity have been designed. At present, engineers and scientists are researching how to make a simple and efficient wave energy capture device. This paper explored the rim-driven generator. In a rim-driven wave energy generator, the rotor blade could harvest kinetic energy of wave motions. The blade is inside of the generator and the gap between the stator and the rotor is water-filled. This structure could improve the compactness and reliability of the wave energy generator. The paper studied the influence of the arrangement of the blade and the structure of the generator on the performance of the generator. Analytical models were designed to obtain generator’s performance. The result could optimize the design of generator and improve the energy conversion efficiency.
Conventional Laboratory Blood Indicators Are Valuable for Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gan Xia , Chen Zhi-Yong , Li Zi-Hua , Zhou Jian-Ming , Sun Ying , Cai Dan , Liu Rong-Hua , Luo Qing-Qing , Wang Ting , Zhang Kun-He 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: Some conventional laboratory indicators have been found to be of value for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to systematically analyze the diagnostic value of conventional laboratory blood indicators for CRC, especially for early CRC. Methods: A total of 505 patients with CRC (n=210), colorectal adenoma (CRA) (n=167) or polyp (CRP) (n=128) were retrospectively collected. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data available before treatment were extracted. The diagnostic performances of laboratory blood indicators for discriminating total and early CRCs from CRA and CRP (CRA&P) were evaluated.Results: Fifty-three of 76 (69.7%) laboratory blood indicators were significant for discriminating CRC from CRA&P with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranging within 0.554-0.819, of these indicators, 17 had AUC > 0.7, three had AUC > 0.8, and five had AUCs greater than that for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Fifteen indicators had overall sensitivities comparable to CEA for the diagnosis of CRC (35.7-55.4% vs. 47.7%, all P>0.05) at a specificity of 90%, and they were not or weakly correlated with CEA (absolute r = 0.058-0.333). For differentiating early CRC (TNM stage I+II, n=102) from CRA&P, the sensitivities for the 15 indicators ranged within 30.4%-55.5% at a specificity of 90% and similar to stage III+IV CRC.Conclusion: Conventional laboratory blood indicators are valuable for early CRC diagnosis, and are comparable to or better than CEA.
A Novel Method for Tooth Bending Stress Calculation of Gears With Asymmetric Teeth
Authors: DOGAN Oguz , YUCE Celalettin , KARPAT Fatih 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Today, gear designs with asymmetric tooth profiles offer essential solutions in reducing tooth root stresses of gears. Although numerical, analytical, and experimental studies are carried out to calculate the bending stresses in gears with asymmetric tooth profiles a standard or a simplified equation or empirical statement has not been encountered in the literature. In this study, a novel bending stress calculation procedure for gears with asymmetric tooth profiles is developed using both the DIN3990 standard and the finite element method. The bending stresses of gears with symmetrical profile were determined by the developed finite element model and was verified by comparing the results with the DIN 3990 standard. Using the verified finite element model, by changing the drive side pressure angle between 20° and 30° and the number of teeth between 18 and 100, 66 different cases were examined and the bending stresses in gears with asymmetric profile were determined. As a result of the analysis, a new asymmetric factor was derived. By adding the obtained asymmetric factor to the DIN 3390 formula, a new equation has been derived to be used in tooth bending stresses of gears with asymmetric profile. Thanks to this equation, designers will be able to calculate tooth bending stresses with high precision in gears with asymmetric tooth profile without the need for finite element analysis.
Governance Frameworks for COVID-19 Research Ethics Review and Oversight in Latin America: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Palmero Ana , Carracedo Sarah , Cabrera Noelia , Bianchini Alahí 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Research has been an essential part of the COVID-19 pandemic response, including in Latin American (LA) countries. However, implementing research in emergency settings poses the challenge of producing valuable knowledge rapidly while upholding research ethical standards. Research ethics committees (RECs) therefore must conduct timely and rigorous ethics reviews and oversight of COVID-19 research. In the LA region, there is limited knowledge on how countries have responded to this need. To address this gap, the objective of our project is to explore if LA countries developed policies to streamline ethics review and oversight of research in response to the pandemic while ensuring its adherence to ethical standards, and to analyze to what extent these governance frameworks are in accordance with international guidance.Methods We conducted a descriptive and exploratory study assessing the COVID-19 research ethics governance frameworks of 19 LA countries, considering 4 dimensions based on international COVID-19 ethics guidance documents: (i) ethics review organizational model adopted, (ii) measures to coordinate between RECs and other research stakeholders, (iii) operational guidance for RECs, and (iv) key ethical issues for review and oversight of COVID-19 research.Results 10 out of 19 LA countries have some policy to streamline ethics review of COVID-19 research. Of these countries only 6 issued comprehensive documents following international guidance that contemplated strategies with recommendations for concrete actions for a timely and rigorous review.ConclusionLA countries adopted partial strategies and operational guidance that may demonstrate a lack of a comprehensive view of research ethics for the review and oversight of COVID-19 research. Continuing efforts should be directed to strengthen LA countries' research capacity to respond timely and ethically to future health emergencies. Past lessons and the ones from this pandemic should be the basis to develop international standards and operational guidelines for ethics review and oversight of any research for public health emergencies of international concern.
A Case of Malaria Patient with SARS-CoV-2 Antibody False-Positive
Authors: zhou hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection are used to diagnose or exclude suspected COVID-19 patients as a supplement to nucleic acid detection. False-positive results of SARS-CoV-2 antibody have been reported but rarely associated with malaria. A case of malaria patient with SARS-CoV-2 antibody false-positive is described.Case presentation: A 24 year-old male returned from Côte d’Ivoire was diagnosed Plasmodium falciparum by Malaria rapid diagnostic test. The patient had suspicious exposure to COVID-19. His SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody was positive one day before admission and turned negative on the 18th day of admission, while the IgG antibody and nasopharyngeal swabs SARS-Cov-2 nucleic acid had been negative. Conclusion: Malaria might cause false positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody. A careful interpretation of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody result is useful to avoid wasting medical resources especially malaria-endemic areas.
Inter-Observer Agreement and Image Quality of Model-Based Algorithm Applied to the Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System Score
Authors: Ippolito Davide , Franzesi Cammillo Talei , Cangiotti Cecilia , Riva Luca , De Vito Andrea , Gandola Davide , Maino Cesare , Sironi Sandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the inter-observer agreement of the CAD-RADS reporting system and compare image quality between model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm (MBIR) and standard iterative reconstruction algorithm (IR) of low dose cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: One-hundred-sixty patients undergone a 256-slice MDCT scanner using low-dose CCTA combined with prospective ECG-gated techniques were prospectively enrolled. CCTA protocols were reconstructed with both MBIR and IR. Each study was evaluated by two readers using the CAD-RADS lexicon. Vessels enhancement, image noise, SNR, and CNR were computed in the axial native images and inter-observer agreement was assessed. Radiation dose exposure as dose–length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) were finally reported. Results: The overall agreement was very good (k = 0.90). Moreover, a significantly higher value of subjective qualitative analysis, SNR, and CNR in MBIR images compared to IR were found, due to a lower noise level (p<0.05). The mean DLP measured was 63.9 mGy*cm and the mean effective dose was 0.9 mSv.Conclusion: Inter-observer agreement of CAD-RADS was excellent confirming the importance, the feasibility, and the reproducibility of the CAD-RADS scoring system for CCTA. Moreover, lower noise and higher image quality with MBIR compared to IR were found.
A Novel Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Hydrogen Sulfide in Osteoblasts During Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Inflammation Under Periodontitis
Authors: Lu Xiaoya , Zhu Hanchuang , Chen Yi , Wu Yue , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhu Baocun , Huang Shengyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases, affects the quality of life. Osteogenesis makes an important role of the disease. There is a connection between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and periodontitis, but according to the study has been published, the precise role of H2S in inflammation remains in doubt. The main reason of the lack of research is that H2S is an endogenous gasotransmitter, difficult to discern through testing. So, we synthesis a novel fluorescence probe which can detective H2S in vitro. By using the novel H2S fluorescence probe, we found that H2S changes in osteoblasts mainly by cystathionine-γ-lyase, and H2S increases under LPS stimulation. H2S could be a potential marker for diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of bone, and might help deeper studies of the changes of H2S level and promote the progression on the researches about pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Few-shot cotton leaf spots disease classification based on metric learning
Authors: Liang Xihuizi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Cotton diceases seriously affect the yield and quality of cotton. The type of pest or disease suffered by cotton can be determined by the disease spots on the cotton leaves. This paper presents a small-sample learning framework that can be used for cotton leaf disease spot classification task, which using deep learning techniques is constructed based on a metric learning approach, to prevent and control cotton diseases timely. First, disease spots on cotton leaf's disease images are segmented by different methods, compared by using support vector machine (SVM) method and threshold segmentation, and discussed the suitable one. With segmented disease spot images as input, a disease spot dataset is established, and the cotton leaf disease spots were classified using a classical convolutional neural network classifier, the structure and framework of convolutional neural network had been designed, and the setting of relevant parameters and the detailed network structure configuration are analyzed according to the experimental environment. The features of two different images are extracted by a parallel two-way convolutional neural network with weight sharing. Then, the network uses a loss function to learn the metric space, in which similar leaf samples are close to each other and different leaf samples are far away from each other. Results: To achieve the classification of cotton leaf spots by small sample learning, this paper constructs a metric-based learning method to extract cotton leaf spot features and classify the leaves. In the process of leaf spot extraction, image segmentation of the spots is performed by threshold segmentation and SVM, and comparative analysis is performed. In the process of leaf spot classification, the structural framework of leaf spot feature extractor and feature classifier is constructed, and the overall framework is built using the idea of two-way parallel convolutional neural network. A variety of excellent convolutional neural network feature extractors such as Vgg, DesenNet, and ResNet were used for feature extraction work, and a combination design based on the small sample classification framework was performed and compared. Experimentally, it is demonstrated that the classification accuracy is improved by nearly 7.7% on average for different number of samples in the case of using this optimizer. S-DesneNet have the highest accuracy. When n is 5, 10, 15 and 20, the accuracy is 58.63%, 84.41% ,92.51% and 91.75%, respectively, and the average accuracy is improved by nearly 7.7% compared with DenseNet. Conclusions: To solve the problem of classification accuracy degradation due to small number of samples in small sample training tasks, a spatial structure optimizer (SSO) acting on the training process is proposed for this purpose.
Identification and Evaluation of Effective Strategies in a Dynamic Visual Task Using Eye Gaze Dynamics
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Rakesh , Hettiarachchi Imali T. , Hanoun Samer , Jia Dawei , Hosking Simon G. , Bhatti Asim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Simulation-based training utilising visual displays are common in many defence and civil domains. The performance of individuals in these tasks depends on their ability to employ effective visual strategies. Quantifying the performance of the trainees is vitally important when assessing training effectiveness and developing future training requirements. The approach, attitudes and processes of an individual’s learning varies from one to another. In this light, some visual strategies may be better suited to the dynamics of a task environment than others, the result of which could be observed in the superior performance outcomes of some individuals. In this study, eye gaze data is used to investigate the relationship between performance outcomes and visual strategies. In an attempt to emulate real operational settings, a challenging task environment using multiple targets that had minimal salient features was selected for the study. Eye gaze of participants performing a simulation-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) refuelling task was used to facilitate the investigation. Cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) and Epistemic network analysis (ENA) were employed on eye gaze data to provide spatial-temporal mapping of visual strategies. A CRQA measure of recurrence rate was used to observe participants’ fixation interest on various regions of the task environment. The recurrence behaviours were categorised into cases of visual strategies using an unsupervised clustering algorithm. This article discusses the relationship between the visual strategy cases and performance outcomes to observe which are the most effective. Using the relationship between recurrence rates and performance outcomes, we demonstrate and discuss a gaze-based measure that could objectively quantify performance.
The Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing in the Diagnosis of Birth Defects: Insights from a Large Multicentre Study in Southern China
Authors: Cai Meiying , Lin Na , Chen Xuemei , Li Ying , Lin Min , Fu Xianguo , He Shuqiong , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a fast, safe, and non-disruptive diagnostic method. At present, few studies have evaluated the screening efficiency of NIPT positive predictive value (PPV) in study subjects. Here, the results of NIPT in pregnant women were retrospectively analysed, and the detection rate, PPV and follow-up data were evaluated to determine its clinical value. A large multicentre study was conducted involving 52,855 pregnant women who received NIPT. Based on gestational age, amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood were extracted for simultaneous karyotype and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in NIPT-positive patients. Among the 52,855 cases, 754 were NIPT-positive, with a positivity rate of 1.4%. Karyotype analysis and/or CMA confirmed 323 cases of chromosomal abnormalities, with a PPV of 45.1%. PPV of Trisomy 21 (T21), Trisomy 18 (T18), Trisomy 13 (T13), sex chromosomal aneuploidies (SCA) and copy number variations (CNV) were 78.9%, 35.3%, 22.2%, 36.9% and 32.9%, respectively. The PPV of T21, T18, and T13 increased with age whereas, the PPV of SCA and CNVs had little correlation with age. The PPV was significantly high in patients with advanced age along with an abnormal ultrasound.NIPT had a high PPV for T21, and a low PPV for T13 and T18, while screening for SCA and CNVs showed clinical significance. However, in case of NIPT screening for SCA and CNVs, simultaneous karyotype and CMA should be performed to increase the detection rates. Interventional prenatal diagnosis is still required in NIPT-positive cases to avoid false positives or unnecessary termination of pregnancy.
The Prognostic Value of m6A-related LncRNAs in Patients with HNSCC
Authors: Zhou Liu-qing , Zhou Jie-yu , Hu Yao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications play an essential role in tumorigenesis. m6A modifications are known to modulate RNAs, including mRNAs and lncRNAs. However, the prognostic role of m6A-related lncRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poorly understood.Methods: Based on LASSO Cox regression, enrichment analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a risk prognostic model, and consensus clustering analysis, we analyzed the 12 m6A-related lncRNAs in HNSCC samples data using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Results: We found twelve m6A-related lncRNAs in the training cohort and validated in all cohorts by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and revealing their independent prognostic value in HNSCC. Moreover, ROC analysis was conducted, confirming the strong predictive ability of this signature for HNSCC prognosis. GSEA and detailed immune infiltration analyses revealed specific pathways associated with m6A-related lncRNAs.Conclusions: In this study, a novel risk model including twelve genes (SAP30L-AS1, AC022098.1, LINC01475, AC090587.2, AC008115.3, AC015911.3, AL122035.2, AC010226.1, AL513190.1, ZNF32-AS1, AL035587.1 and AL031716.1) was built. It could accurately predict HNSCC prognosis and provide potential prediction outcome and new therapeutic target for HNSCC patients.