bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of relatedness and organizational resources on teaching motivation in continuing higher education
Authors: Wilkesmann Uwe , Vorberg Ronja 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article will answer the research question if relatedness and organizational resources influence the teaching motivation in continuing higher education, whereby a distinction is made between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Self-determination theory is used as the theoretical underpinning. We conducted a survey of 549 continuing higher education university faculty. Regression analysis determined that relatedness was correlated with intrinsic teaching motivation but was not correlated with extrinsic teaching motivation. Meanwhile, organizational resources increase both intrinsic and extrinsic teaching motivation. Professors are more extrinsically motivated than other faculty. The older university faculty tends to be less extrinsically and more intrinsically motivated. Additionally, female university faculty are more intrinsically motivated than male university faculty.
Automatic quality assessments of laser powder bed fusion builds from photodiode sensor measurements
Authors: Jayasinghe Sarini , Paoletti Paolo , Sutcliffe Chris , Dardis John , Jones Nick , Green Peter L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) machines have greatly improved in recent years, the L-PBF process is still susceptible to several types of defect formation. Among the monitoring methods that have been explored to detect these defects, camera-based systems are the most prevalent. However, using only photodiode measurements to monitor the build process has potential benefits, as photodiode sensors are cost-efficient and typically have a higher sample rate compared to cameras. This study evaluates whether a combination of photodiode sensor measurements, taken during L-PBF builds, can be used to predict measures of the resulting build quality via a purely data-based approach. Using several unsupervised clustering approaches build density is classified with up to 93.54% accuracy using features extracted from three different photodiodes, as well as observations relating to the energy transferred to the material. Subsequently, a supervised learning method (Gaussian Process regression) is used to directly predict build density with a RMS error of 3.65%. The study, therefore, shows the potential for machine-learning algorithms to predict indicators of L-PBF build quality from photodiode build measurements only. This study also shows that, relative to the L-PBF process parameters, photodiode measurements can contribute to additional information regarding L-PBF part quality. Moreover, the work herein describes approaches that are predominantly probabilistic, thus facilitating uncertainty quantification in machine-learnt predictions of L-PBF build quality.
From Polytheism to Monotheism: Zoroaster and Some Economic Theory
Authors: Ferrero Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe prophet Zoroaster founded the first monotheistic religion in history, which once rose to great imperial status and still survives unchanged today despite centuries of Muslim pressure. Unlike the founders of other monotheistic religions after him, he achieved this not through the overthrow of the original Iranian polytheism but through its deep reform—a strategy that made acceptance easier and ensured a continuing role for the priests. Monotheistic reform is thus a third way out of ancient Indo-European polytheism, besides extinction in the Greco-Roman case and mutation into sectarian theism in the Indian case. This paper surveys the Iranian story and offers two economic models to account for the two key factors that made the transition to monotheism possible: the theological structure and the role of the priesthood.
Pankreasfisteln nach Pankreasresektion – was nun?
Authors: Schindl Martin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Auftreten einer Fistel nach einer Pankreasoperation kann von hoher klinischer Relevanz für den postoperativen Verlauf sein. Die Berücksichtigung von Risikofaktoren erlaubt die Anwendung von Strategien zur Vorbeugung klinisch relevanter postoperativer Pankreasfisteln durch „Abschwächung“ ihres natürlichen Verlaufs. Durch die regelmäßige Kontrolle von klinischen Befunden, Blutlabor und Drainageflüssigkeit in der postoperativen Phase nach Pankreasoperation können Komplikationen, die in Zusammenhang mit Pankreasfisteln auftreten, rechtzeitig erkannt und erfolgreich behandelt werden. Ein „Step-up-Approach“ hat sich insbesondere bei der Behandlung von Abszessen und Blutungen bewährt.
An industrial oriented workflow for 3D printed, patient specific orthopedic cast
Authors: Formisano Mario , Iuppariello Luigi , Casaburi Antonio , Guida Pasquale , Clemente Fabrizio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe clinical use of 3D printed patient specific orthopaedic cast is of wide interest. However, design and production have problems such as production time, which can take up to 35 h, and standardized procedure considering that there are medical devices that must comply mandatory and/or voluntary standards. Moreover, the proposed procedures do not fully consider the traceability of this innovative medical device design to comply with standards and industrial proposes. The aim of this work is to propose a semi-automatic workflow for the production of the 3D printed orthopaedic casts. The procedure is oriented towards a reduction time in different phases (as scan setting, designing technique, printing orientation) of the production flow. The workflow is compliant with recognized quality standards for the production of additive manufactured medical devices. This approach offers the possibility to introduce new 3D printed medical devices in clinical practice as well as to design an optimized industrial workflow.
Glyphosate adsorption onto porous clay heterostructure (PCH): kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Besghaier Sabrine , Cecilia J. A. , Chouikhi Nesrine , Vilarrasa-García E. , Rodríguez-Castellón E. , Chlendi Mohamed , Bagane Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of PCH from natural bentonite produces a porous heterostructure material effective for the adsorption of glyphosate from water. The adsorption process takes place through an interaction between the silanol group of montmorillonite and/or the PCH adsorbent with the functional groups of glyphosate. The glyphosate adsorption isotherms, recorded for all the studied samples, have been established to be of Langmuir type. The kinetic of the herbicide adsorption on the PCH was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. With the increase in temperature from 25 to 50 °C, the sorption capacities of the materials studied towards glyphosate increased. The process of glyphosate adsorption was found to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature, as indicated by positive values of ΔH and negative values of ΔG. According to the results obtained, the herbicide sorption was more effective in a basic environment. The maximum amount of adsorbed glyphosate is almost doubled with PCH from 13.5 mg/g of natural clay to 27.5 mg/g of PCH.

Graphic abstract
Genome-wide association study revealed genetic variations of ABA sensitivity controlled by multiple stress-related genes in rice
Authors: Peng Lei , Xie Tingting , Guo Zilong , Li Xiaokai , Chang Yu , Tu Haifu , Wang Shengchang , Wu Nai , Yao Yilong , Xiong Lizhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a critical phytohormone that regulates multiple physiological processes including plant growth and stress tolerance. The core ABA signaling pathway has been well established, but genetic variations mediating ABA responses remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci and genes associated with ABA sensitivity (reflected by seed germination inhibition by ABA) in a panel of 425 rice accessions. The seed germination assay revealed that Aus and indica rice had stronger ABA sensitivity than japonica rice. A total of 48 non-redundant association loci were detected in the indica subpopulation and whole population, and 386 genes in these loci were responsive to ABA or abiotic stresses. Eight association loci were overlapped with previously reported loci for yield under drought stress or for drought-indicative image traits. Haplotype analyses of important candidate genes such as OsSAPK6, a key component in the ABA signaling core, were performed to identify key SNPs/InDels that may affect gene functions through promoter activity regulation, amino acid variation, or gene splicing. These results provide insights into the genetic basis of ABA sensitivity related to stress responses.
The associations of maternal/paternal modeling, self‐efficacy, and ethnic fit on math/science achievement among Latinx students
Authors: Delgado Melissa Y. , Wheeler Lorey A. , Perez‐Brena Norma , Nair Rajni L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis paper examined individual, family, and peer roles in promoting Latinx youths’ math and science performance. The role of maternal/paternal modeling in education was examined as shaping academic self‐efficacy and, in turn, math/science grades among a population considered at risk of low academic achievement. Moreover, the study tested the moderating roles of class ethnic fit (i.e., feelings of fit based on having same‐ethnic peers in class) and gender.MethodCross‐sectional data came from a southwestern U.S. sample of Latinx adolescents (N = 329; 54% female, Mage = 13.69 years, SD = 0.56) who reported on maternal/paternal educational modeling, academic self‐efficacy, math/science grades, class ethnic fit, and gender.ResultsAdolescents' perceptions of maternal modeling, but not paternal, related to higher levels of academic self‐efficacy which, in turn, related to higher math/science performance. Moderation results revealed: (a) for adolescents who perceived low science class ethnic fit, high levels of parental modeling related to higher levels of academic self‐efficacy which, in turn, were related to higher science grades, and (b) maternal modeling positively related to girls', but not boys', academic self‐efficacy and paternal modeling positively related to girls', but not boys', math/science performance.ConclusionsThese results suggest maternal modeling is a promotive factor, supporting Latinx youths’ academic self‐efficacy which, in turn, related to math/science grades. Additionally, a negative direct relation between maternal modeling and science grades suggests maternal modeling generally support academic self‐efficacy, but not necessarily science attainment. These associations are nuanced as they are informed by context and parent‐child gender.
A Europe Without Internal Frontiers: Challenging the Reintroduction of Border Controls in the Schengen Area in the Light of Union Citizenship
Authors: Salomon Stefan , Rijpma Jorrit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBorder controls within the Schengen area are meant to be a thing of the past. Yet, since the refugee crisis of 2015, “temporary” border controls have become quasi permanent in several European Union Member States. Although these controls are against the letter and spirit of the Schengen Borders Code, the Commission has not taken any measures to enforce these rules. One of the reasons for the dismal state of the Schengen area is the one-sided focus on the abolition of internal border controls as primarily functional for the establishment of the internal market. This comes at the expense of Union citizens’ rights and disregards the fundamental role that the abolition of border controls has on how citizens see the Union in political terms and conceive themselves as Union citizens. Against this background, we argue that from its beginning the objective of the project to abolish border controls was to foster a supranational political identity of Union citizens by transforming citizens’ spatial experience. Union citizenship in the current EU Treaty framework constitutes the legal expression of that historical connection between the abolition of border controls and free movement. Emphasizing the citizenship dimension of an area without internal frontiers provides a different perspective on current controls at the Schengen internal borders.
Nowhere to Call Home: A Study of Sanmenxia-Reservoir Resettlement From Henan To Gansu, 1956–1965
Authors: Ding Xiangli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the late 1950s, the creation of a large reservoir for the Sanmenxia hydropower project required the displacement of tens of thousands of households along the Yellow River. Simultaneously, the state commenced a land-reclamation project, sending people from populated areas to the frontiers. Under the supervision of county and provincial authorities, more than 7,000 reservoir inhabitants from Henan were mobilized to migrate to Dunhuang, an oasis surrounded by the Gobi Desert in the northwest. The socialist state's pursuit of irrigation and hydroelectricity benefits not only altered the waterscape of the Yellow River; it also impacted nearby rural communities as well as those a thousand miles away. From the high-modernist perspective, the state-sponsored demographic engineering and the Yellow River engineering seemed to complement each other well. Yet, with the massive flight of resettlers, the state-envisioned integration of reservoir displacement and frontier reclamation ultimately failed.
China Innovation Capacity Growth Index 2015 and 2020
Authors: Hochstrasser Annika , Murmann Johann Peter 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIt is of interest in China and across the world to predict whether China will catch up with the most economically advanced nations in innovation capacity. To facilitate an ongoing assessment of China's innovation capacity, the article develops a China Innovation Capacity Growth Index composed of eight separate measures. China's performance in 2020 is compared to the baseline from 2015, showing that China has progressed in six of the eight measures. This article and the accompanying Technical Appendix explain each of the measures, including the sources for the data, and report the changes in performance over time.
Efficient Laplacian spectral density computations for networks with arbitrary degree distributions
Authors: Guzman Grover E. C. , Stadler Peter F. , Fujita André 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe network Laplacian spectral density calculation is critical in many fields, including physics, chemistry, statistics, and mathematics. It is highly computationally intensive, limiting the analysis to small networks. Therefore, we present two efficient alternatives: one based on the network’s edges and another on the degrees. The former gives the exact spectral density of locally tree-like networks but requires iterative edge-based message-passing equations. In contrast, the latter obtains an approximation of the spectral density using only the degree distribution. The computational complexities are 𝒪(|E|log(n)) and 𝒪(n), respectively, in contrast to 𝒪(n3) of the diagonalization method, where n is the number of vertices and |E| is the number of edges.
Investigating scientific mobility in co-authorship networks using multilayer temporal motifs
Authors: Boekhout Hanjo D. , Traag Vincent A. , Takes Frank W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a framework for understanding complex temporal interaction patterns in large-scale scientific collaboration networks. In particular, we investigate how two key concepts in science studies, scientific collaboration and scientific mobility, are related and possibly differ between fields. We do so by analyzing multilayer temporal motifs: small recurring configurations of nodes and edges.Driven by the problem that many papers share the same publication year, we first provide a methodological contribution: an efficient counting algorithm for multilayer temporal motifs with concurrent edges. Next, we introduce a systematic categorization of the multilayer temporal motifs, such that each category reflects a pattern of behavior relevant to scientific collaboration and mobility. Here, a key question concerns the causal direction: does mobility lead to collaboration or vice versa? Applying this framework to scientific collaboration networks extracted from Web of Science (WoS) consisting of up to 7.7 million nodes (authors) and 94 million edges (collaborations), we find that international collaboration and international mobility reciprocally influence one another. Additionally, we find that Social sciences & Humanities (SSH) scholars co-author to a greater extent with authors at a distance, while Mathematics & Computer science (M&C) scholars tend to continue to collaborate within the established knowledge network and organization.
The “Black Buddhism Plan”: Buddhism, Race, and Empire in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: McNicholl Adeana 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis article traces the life of a single figure, Sufi Abdul Hamid, to bring into conversation the history of the transmission of Buddhism to the United States with the emergence of new Black religio-racial movements in the early twentieth century. It follows Hamid's activities in the 1930s to ask what Hamid's life reveals about the relationship between Buddhism and race in the United States. On the one hand, Hamid's own negotiation of his identity as a Black Orientalist illustrates the contentious process through which individuals negotiate their religio-racial identities in tension with hegemonic religio-racial frameworks. Hamid constructed a Black Orientalist identity that resignified Blackness while criticizing the racial injustice foundational to the American nation-state. His Black Orientalist identity at times resonated with global Orientalist discourses, even while being recalcitrant to the hegemonic religio-racial frameworks of white Orientalism. The subversive positioning of Hamid's Black Orientalist identity simultaneously lent itself to his racialization by others. This is illustrated through Hamid's posthumous implication in a conspiracy theory known as the “Black Buddhism Plan.” This theory drew on imaginations of a Black Pacific community formulated by both Black Americans and by government authorities who created Japanese Buddhists and new Black religio-racial movements as subjects of surveillance. The capacious nature of Hamid's religio-racial identity, on the one hand constructed and performed by Hamid himself, and on the other created in the shadow of the dominant discourses of a white racial state, demonstrates that Buddhism in the United States is always constituted by race.
Changes in the genetic composition of Myzus persicae nicotianae populations in Chile and frequency of insecticide resistance mutations
Authors: Cabrera-Brandt Marco A. , Kati Amalia , Rubio-Meléndez María E. , Figueroa Christian C. , Fuentes-Contreras Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyzus persicae is a cosmopolitan aphid that is highly polyphagous and an important agricultural pest. The subspecies M. persicae nicotianae has been described for highly specialized phenotypes adapted to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In Chile, the population of M. persicae nicotianae was originally composed of a single red genotype that did not possess insecticide resistance mutations. However, in the last decade, variation in the colour of tobacco aphids has been observed in the field. To determine whether this variation stems from the presence of new genotypes, sampling was carried out across the entire distribution of tobacco cultivation regions in Chile. The aphids collected were genotyped, and the frequency of kdr (L1014F), super-kdr (M918T), modification of acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit (nAChRβ) mutations associated with insecticide resistance was determined. A total of 16 new genotypes of M. persicae nicotianae were detected in Chile: four of them possessed the MACE mutation, and none of them possessed the kdr, super-kdr or nAChRβ mutation. The previously described red genotype was not detected in any of the sampled fields over two seasons. These results raise questions about the mechanisms underlying changes in the genetic structure of M. persicae nicotianae populations in Chile. Future research aimed at addressing these questions could provide new insight into aphid evolution and agricultural practices.
Authoritarian Inheritance, Political Conflict and Conservative Party Institutionalisation: The Cases of Chile and Brazil
Authors: Borges André 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParty development in post-transition Latin America has often proceeded unevenly, as right-wing elites opted for non-partisan forms of political action and conservative parties remained poorly institutionalised. Recent research has demonstrated that party-building was facilitated where the political Right benefited from valuable political assets – party brand, territorial organisation, sources of funding and clientelistic networks – inherited from authoritarian regimes. This article argues that authoritarian inheritance in isolation is insufficient to foster conservative party institutionalisation. It analyses the trajectories of the major right-wing parties in Brazil and Chile, where former authoritarian incumbents benefited extensively from authoritarian inheritance and yet levels of institutionalisation differed widely across parties. The comparative analysis demonstrates that right-wing parties were most likely to consolidate where, in addition to inheriting valuable resources from the dictatorship, they experienced ideologically driven, violent conflict during their early years.
Kaitiakitanga, Whai Wāhi and Alien Weaponry: indigenous frameworks for understanding language, identity and international success in the case of a Māori metal band
Authors: Lucas Olivia R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNew Zealand Māori metal band Alien Weaponry rose from local act to international prominence over the course of 2016–2018, lauded by critics and fans for their songs involving Māori history and culture, and with lyrics in the indigenous Māori language. This article examines Alien Weaponry's participation in Māori language revitalisation efforts and explores the use of indigenous frameworks for analysing these issues. Māori principles of kaitiakitanga (protection) and whai wāhi (participation) offer an understanding of the band's contributions to both Māori cultural preservation and global metal, and of how these contributions cooperate in the band's success. In addition to unpacking the issues of identity, indigenousness and language revitalisation inherent in understanding Alien Weaponry's output, this article also expands on previous work on nationhood and identity in both global metal music and Māori popular music.