bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of eigenvalue beam‐forming for discrete multi‐frequency hyperthermia treatment planning
Authors: Zanoli Massimiliano , Trefná Hana Dobšíček 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThermal dose delivery in microwave hyperthermia for cancer treatment is expected to benefit from the introduction of ultra‐wideband (UWB)‐phased array applicators. A full exploitation of the combination of different frequencies to improve the deposition pattern is, however, a nontrivial problem. It is unclear whether the cost functions used for hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) optimization in the single‐frequency setting can be meaningfully extended to the UWB case.MethodWe discuss the ability of the eigenvalue (EV) and a novel implementation of iterative‐EV (i‐EV) beam‐forming methods to fully exploit the available frequency spectrum when a discrete set of simultaneous operating frequencies is available for treatment. We show that the quadratic power deposition ratio solved by the methods can be maximized by only one frequency in the set, therefore rendering EV inadequate for UWB treatment planning. We further investigate whether this represents a limitation in two realistic test cases, comparing the thermal distributions resulting from EV and i‐EV to those obtained by optimizing for other nonlinear cost functions that allow for multi‐frequency.ResultsThe classical EV‐based single‐frequency HTP yields systematically lower target SAR deposition and temperature values than nonlinear HTP. In a larynx target, the proposed single‐frequency i‐EV scheme is able to compensate for this and reach temperatures comparable to those given by global nonlinear optimization. In a meninges target, the multi‐frequency setting outperforms the single‐frequency one, achieving better target coverage and higher in the tumor than single‐frequency‐based HTP.ConclusionsClassical EV performs poorly in terms of resulting target temperatures. The proposed single‐frequency i‐EV scheme can be a viable option depending on the patient and tumor to be treated, as long as the proper operating frequency can be selected across a UWB range. Multi‐frequency HTP can bring a considerable benefit in regions typically difficult to treat such as the brain.
Characterization of an x‐ray tube‐based ultrahigh dose‐rate system for in vitro irradiations
Authors: Cecchi Daniel D. , Therriault‐Proulx François , Lambert‐Girard Simon , Hart Alexander , Macdonald Andrew , Pfleger Mike , Lenckowski Mark , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo present an x‐ray tube system capable of in vitro ultrahigh dose‐rate (UHDR) irradiation of small < 0.3 mm samples and to characterize it by means of a plastic scintillation detector (PSD).Methods and materialsA conventional x‐ray tube was modified for the delivery of short UHDR irradiations. A beam shutter system with a sample holder was designed and installed in a close proximity of an x‐ray tube window to enable <1 s irradiations at UHDR. The dosimetry was performed with a small 0.5‐mm long 0.5‐mm in diameter PSD irradiated with 80, 100, and 120 kVp beams and beam currents of 1–37.5 mA. The PSD signal was recorded at frame rates of 20 and 50 fps for shutter exposure between 100 and 1125 ms. Irradiation reproducibility was studied with the PSD. The x‐ray tube irradiation setup was modeled with Monte Carlo (MC) and dose on a surface of a phantom was also measured with films. The effect of dose delivery uncertainty to 300‐μm spheroids due to positioning and spheroid size was evaluated.ResultsMC simulations showed good agreement with PSD measurements acquired at both frame rates of 20 and 50 fps in terms of beam temporal profile. PSD‐measured dose exhibited excellent linearity as a function of instantaneous dose rate from 3.1 to 118.0 Gy/s as well as shutter exposure time from 100 and 1125 ms for all investigated beam energies. PSD absorbed dose for the 80, 100, and 120 kVp beams agreed with MC simulations to within 5%. The total delivered doses ranged from 0.4 Gy for a 1‐mA, 80 kVp beam, and 100 ms shutter exposure to 166.9 Gy for a 37.5‐mA, 80 kVp beam, and a 1125 ms exposure. PSD irradiation reproducibility was < 0.5%. Simulated and measured dose fall off agreed and it was steep along the axis of the shutter slit (1%/0.1 mm) and with depth (2%/0.1 mm at 1‐mm depth). Spheroid positioning uncertainty of 300 μm resulted in dose difference of < 3% for x and y shifts but up to 7% uncertainty for a z‐shift parallel to the beam axis. A 16% difference in spheroid size resulted in <5% dose difference in spheroid absorbed dose.ConclusionsWe have presented a cost‐effective x‐ray tube‐based system with a beam shutter designed for in vitro UHDR delivery and reaching dose rates of up to 118.0 Gy/s. The described shutter system can be easily implemented at other institutions, which might enable new researchers to investigate the radiobiology of UHDR irradiations in vitro.
The association of multidimensional schizotypy with symptoms and impairment across racial groups
Authors: Rbeiz Katrina S. , Clark Haley E. , Kemp Kathryn C. , Bathery Alyssa J. , Monette Mahogany A. , Barrantes‐Vidal Neus , Kwapil Thomas R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe assessment of schizotypy and schizophrenia‐spectrum psychopathology has historically been adversely impacted by multiple forms of measurement bias, including racial bias. The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) was developed using modern scale construction methods to minimize measurement bias in the assessment of schizotypic traits. However, studies have not examined the validity of the measurement across different racial groups. The present study examined whether the associations of MSS positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy subscales with interview‐assessed ratings of functioning, schizophrenia‐spectrum personality traits, and depressive disorders were generally comparable across nonclinically ascertained samples of Black (n = 46), Asian (n = 87), and White (n = 116) young adults. Consistent with previous findings, all three schizotypy subscales were associated with impairment and schizotypal and paranoid traits. Negative schizotypy was associated with schizoid traits, and disorganized schizotypy was associated with depressive disorders. These associations were comparable across the racial groups, supporting the use of the MSS in these groups. Culturally and empirically valid assessments are essential for providing accurate assessments across racial/ethnic groups and reducing the risk of overpathologizing people of color. The present findings support the cross‐cultural validity of the MSS; however, future studies should expand upon these findings by including more diverse samples and longitudinal designs.
Long noncoding RNA ZMIZ1‐AS1 promotes gefitinib resistance via binding to hnRNPA1
Authors: Jing Changwen , Cao Haixia , Wu Jianzhong , Ma Rong , Zhang Junying , Liu Siwen , Wang Zhuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of gefitinib resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer, we screened out the long noncoding RNA related to gefitinib resistance through microarray data in gefitinib‐sensitive and resistant cells. lncRNA ZMIZ1‐AS1 was significantly upregulated in HCC827/GR cells by screening the microarray data. Further real‐time‐qPCR results were consistent with the microarray data. Cell viability assay and flow cytometry showed that ZMIZ1‐AS1 influenced the sensitivity of HCC827/GR cells to gefitinib. RNA pull‐down assay demonstrated that hnRNPA1 was a specific binding protein for ZMIZ1‐AS1. Our results help to reveal the role and mechanism of lncRNA in the secondary resistance of gefitinib and provide a new therapeutic target for gefitinib therapy.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for high‐order multi‐agent systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Du Zhixu , Xue Hong , Ahn Choon Ki , Liang Hongjing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, an event‐triggered adaptive control strategy is presented for nonlinear pure‐feedback multi‐agent systems, and the problem of the unknown control gain is also considered. In contrast to most of the existing results, each agent's control item is a power exponential function, and this problem is handled by utilizing the “adding a power integrator" technique. Based on the Nussbaum gain technique, a control scheme is presented to handle the problem concerning unknown control gains. The tracking differentiator is used to eliminate the problem of “explosion of complexity” in the backstepping method. Furthermore, an event‐triggered control strategy is designed to reduce the communication burden and the computational cost. It is proved via the Lyapunov stability method that the consensus tracking errors can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin and all signals of the closed‐loop systems are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, some simulation results are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Secreted CCL2 Promotes Antibacterial Defense Mechanisms Through Increased Antimicrobial Peptide Expression in Keratinocytes
Authors: Marx Charlotte , Gardner Sophia , Harman Rebecca M. , Wagner Bettina , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from both humans and horses, which represent a clinically relevant translation animal model for human cutaneous wound healing, were recently found to possess antimicrobial properties against planktonic bacteria, and in the case of equine MSCs, also against biofilms. This, together with previous findings that human and equine MSCs promote angiogenesis and wound healing, makes these cells an attractive approach to treat infected cutaneous wounds in both species. The anti-biofilm activities of equine MSC, via secretion of cysteine proteases, have only been demonstrated in vitro, thus lacking information about in vivo relevance. Moreover, the effects of the equine MSC secretome on resident skin cells have not yet been explored. The goals of this study were to (a) test the efficacy of the MSC secretome in a physiologically relevant ex vivo equine skin biofilm explant model and (b) explore the impact of the MSC secretome on the antimicrobial defense mechanisms of resident skin cells. Our salient findings were that secreted factors from equine MSCs significantly decreased viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in mature biofilms in this novel skin biofilm explant model. Moreover, we demonstrated that equine MSCs secrete CCL2 that increases the antimicrobial activity of equine keratinocytes by stimulating expression of antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, these data contribute to our understanding of the MSC secretome's antimicrobial properties, both directly by killing bacteria and indirectly by stimulating immune responses of surrounding resident skin cells, thus further supporting the value of MSC secretome-based treatments for infected wounds.
Influence of temperature on the compressive strength of high performance and ultra‐high performance concretes
Authors: Deutscher Melchior , Markert Martin , Scheerer Silke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe heating up of high‐performance concretes under fatigue load in cyclic pressure threshold test raises the question of the mechanisms and influences of this heat development. Of particular interest is how the heating affects the fatigue strength and what the causes of this are. In order to be able to answer this basically, two test series—one with an HPC and one with a UHPC—were carried out in which the temperature influence on the static compressive strength in a range of −25°C to 90°C was determined. In addition, different storage conditions are being considered in order to question previous findings. In this article, the state of the art is briefly presented and the test program based on it. Then, the production and storage of the specimen, their preparation and the used measurement technique are explained. The results obtained are presented with regard to concrete strength, type of storage, moisture content and, in the main part, the influence of temperature. A discussion of the results in relation to the state of knowledge follows. General insights are acquired, which will be very helpful for further work in the field of fatigue research on high performance concretes.
The End Is Only the Beginning: Exploring Endpapers in Picturebook Biographies
Authors: McNair Jonda C. , Alexander LaNorris D. , Boyle Caitlin E. , Brown Jace , Cornelissen Ariel , Crossley Jared S. , McNamara Emma K. , Thomas Carrie Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a sampling of recently published picturebook biographies with noteworthy endpapers. First, we highlight scholarship related to picturebook biographies and peritextual features. Second, we present examples of three ways endpapers function, using nine picturebook biographies while also incorporating pedagogical suggestions related to the endpapers. Last, we explain the importance of noticing peritextual features in picturebook biographies.
Root bundles and towards exact matter spectra of F-theory MSSMs
Authors: Bies Martin , Cvetič Mirjam , Donagi Ron , Liu Muyang , Ong Marielle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the appearance of fractional powers of line bundles in studies of vector-like spectra in 4d F-theory compactifications, we analyze the structure and origin of these bundles. Fractional powers of line bundles are also known as root bundles and can be thought of as generalizations of spin bundles. We explain how these root bundles are linked to inequivalent F-theory gauge potentials of a G4-flux.While this observation is interesting in its own right, it is particularly valuable for F-theory Standard Model constructions. In aiming for MSSMs, it is desired to argue for the absence of vector-like exotics. We work out the root bundle constraints on all matter curves in the largest class of currently-known F-theory Standard Model constructions without chiral exotics and gauge coupling unification. On each matter curve, we conduct a systematic “bottom”-analysis of all solutions to the root bundle constraints and all spin bundles. Thereby, we derive a lower bound for the number of combinations of root bundles and spin bundles whose cohomologies satisfy the physical demand of absence of vector-like pairs.On a technical level, this systematic study is achieved by a well-known diagrammatic description of root bundles on nodal curves. We extend this description by a counting procedure, which determines the cohomologies of so-called limit root bundles on full blow-ups of nodal curves. By use of deformation theory, these results constrain the vector-like spectra on the smooth matter curves in the actual F-theory geometry.
T
$$ \overline{T} $$ deformation in SCFTs and integrable supersymmetric theories
Authors: Ebert Stephen , Sun Hao-Yu , Sun Zhengdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We calculate the $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-multiplets for two-dimensional Euclidean $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) superconformal field theories under the T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

deformation at leading order of perturbation theory in the deformation coupling. Then, from these $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) deformed multiplets, we calculate two- and three-point correlators. We show the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) chiral ring’s elements do not flow under the T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

deformation. Specializing to integrable supersymmetric seed theories, such as $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) Landau-Ginzburg models, we use the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz to study the S-matrices and ground state energies. From both an S-matrix perspective and Melzer’s folding prescription, we show that the deformed ground state energy obeys the inviscid Burgers’ equation. Finally, we show that several indices independent of D-term perturbations including the Witten index, Cecotti-Fendley-Intriligator-Vafa index and elliptic genus do not flow under the T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

deformation.
Fubini Numbers and Polynomials of Graphs
Authors: Kereskényi-Balogh Zsófia , Nyul Gábor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the Fubini number and Fubini polynomial of a graph in connection with the enumeration of ordered independent partitions of its set of vertices. We prove several properties of them, and study how these notions cover other variants of Fubini numbers and polynomials for special graphs.
Direct discharge of patients with simple stable musculoskeletal injuries as an alternative to routine follow-up: a systematic review of the current literature
Authors: Geerdink T. H. , Verbist J. , van Dongen J. M. , Haverlag R. , van Veen R. N. , Goslings J. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is growing evidence that patients with certain simple stable musculoskeletal injuries can be discharged directly from the Emergency Department (ED), without compromising patient outcome and experience. This study aims to review the literature on the effects of direct discharge (DD) of simple stable musculoskeletal injuries, regarding healthcare utilization, costs, patient outcome and experience.

Methods
A systematic review was performed in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science using PRISMA guidelines. Comparative and non-comparative studies on DD of simple stable musculoskeletal injuries from the ED in an adult/paediatric/mixed population were included if reporting ≥ 1 of: (1) logistic outcomes: DD rate (proportion of patients discharged directly); number of follow-up appointments; DD return rate; (2) costs; (3) patient outcomes/experiences: functional outcome; treatment satisfaction; adverse outcomes; other.

Results
Twenty-six studies were included (92% conducted in the UK). Seven studies (27%) assessed functional outcome, nine (35%) treatment satisfaction, and ten (38%) adverse outcomes. A large proportion of studies defined DD eligibility criteria as injuries being minor/simple/stable, without further detail. ED DD rate was 26.7–59.5%. Mean number of follow-up appointments was 1.00–2.08 pre-DD, vs. 0.00–0.33 post-DD. Return rate was 0.0–19.4%. Costs per patient were reduced by €69–€210 (ranging from − 38.0 to − 96.6%) post-DD. Functional outcome and treatment satisfaction levels were ‘equal’ or ‘better’ (comparative studies), and ‘high’ (non-comparative studies), post-DD. Adverse outcomes were low and comparable.

Conclusions
This systematic review supports the idea that DD of simple stable musculoskeletal injuries from the ED provides an opportunity to reduce healthcare utilization and costs without compromising patient outcomes/experiences. To improve comparability and facilitate implementation/external validation of DD, future studies should provide detailed DD eligibility criteria, and use a standard set of outcomes.
Systematic review registration number: 120779, date of first registration: 12/02/2019.
Assessing functional reorganization in visual cortex with simulated retinal lesions
Authors: Brown Holly D. H. , Gouws André D. , Vernon Richard J. W. , Lawrence Samuel J. D. , Donnelly Gemma , Gill Lorraine , Gale Richard P. , Baseler Heidi A. , Morland Antony B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMacular
degeneration (MD) causes central vision loss, removing input to corresponding representations in the primary visual cortex. There is disagreement concerning whether the cortical regions deprived of input can remain responsive, and the source of reported cortical responses is still debated. To simulate MD in controls, normally sighted participants viewed a bright central disk to adapt the retina, creating a transient ‘retinal lesion’ during a functional MRI experiment. Participants viewed blocks of faces, scrambled faces and uniform grey stimuli, either passively or whilst performing a one-back task. To assess the impact of the simulated lesion, participants repeated the paradigm using a more conventional mean luminance simulated scotoma without adaptation. Our results suggest our attempt to create a more realistic simulation of a lesion did not impact on responses in the representation of the simulated lesion. While most participants showed no evidence of stimulus-driven activation within the lesion representation, a few individuals (22%) exhibited responses similar to a participant with juvenile MD who completed the same paradigm (without adaptation). Reliability analysis showed that responses in the representation of the lesion were generally consistent irrespective of whether positive or negative. We provide some evidence that peripheral visual stimulation can also produce responses in central representations in controls while performing a task. This suggests that the ‘signature of reorganization of visual processing’, is not found solely in patients with retinal lesions, consistent with the idea that activity may be driven by unmasked top–down feedback.
Underweight but not overweight is associated with excess mortality in septic ICU patients
Authors: Danninger Thomas , Rezar Richard , Mamandipoor Behrooz , Dankl Daniel , Koköfer Andreas , Jung Christian , Wernly Bernhard , Osmani Venet 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Background
Higher survival has been shown for overweight septic patients compared with normal or underweight patients in the past. This study aimed at investigating the management and outcome of septic ICU patients in different body mass index (BMI) categories in a large multicenter database.

Methods
In total, 16,612 patients of the eICU collaborative research database were included. Baseline characteristics and data on organ support were documented. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to fit three sequential regression models for the binary primary outcome (ICU mortality) to evaluate the impact of the BMI categories: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 to < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to < 30 kg/m2) and obesity (≥ 30 kg/m2). Data were adjusted for patient level characteristics (model 2) as well as management strategies (model 3).

Results
Management strategies were similar across BMI categories. Underweight patients evidenced higher rates of ICU mortality. This finding persisted after adjusting in model 2 (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15–2.06; p = 0.004) and model 3 (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.16–2.12; p = 0.003). No differences were found regarding ICU mortality between normal and overweight patients (aOR 0.93, 95%CI 0.81–1.06; p = 0.29). Obese patients evidenced a lower risk of ICU mortality compared to normal weight, a finding which persisted across all models (model 2: aOR 0.83, 95%CI 0.69–0.99; p = 0.04; model 3: aOR 0.82, 95%CI 0.68–0.98; p = 0.03). The protective effect of obesity and the negative effect of underweight were significant in individuals > 65 years only.

Conclusion
In this cohort, underweight was associated with a worse outcome, whereas obese patients evidenced lower mortality. Our analysis thus supports the thesis of the obesity paradox.