bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summertime productivity and carbon export potential in the Weddell Sea, with a focus on the waters adjacent to Larsen C Ice Shelf
Authors: Flynn Raquel F. , Bornman Thomas G. , Burger Jessica M. , Smith Shantelle , Spence Kurt A. M. , Fawcett Sarah E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Weddell Sea represents a point of origin in the Southern Ocean where
globally important water masses form. Biological activities in Weddell Sea
surface waters thus affect large-scale ocean biogeochemistry. During
January–February 2019, we measured net primary production (NPP), nitrogen
(nitrate, ammonium, urea) uptake, and nitrification in the western Weddell
Sea at the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), in the
southwestern Weddell Gyre (WG), and at Fimbul Ice Shelf (FIS) in the
south-eastern Weddell Sea. The highest average rates of NPP and greatest
nutrient drawdown occurred at LCIS. Here, the phytoplankton community was
dominated by colonial Phaeocystis antarctica, with diatoms increasing in abundance later in the
season as sea ice melted. At the other stations, NPP was variable, and
diatoms known to enhance carbon export (e.g. Thalassiosira spp.) were dominant. Euphotic
zone nitrification was always below detection, such that nitrate uptake
could be used as a proxy for carbon export potential, which was highest in
absolute terms at LCIS and the AP. Surprisingly, the highest f ratios
occurred near FIS rather than LCIS (average of 0.73±0.09 versus 0.47±0.08). We attribute this unexpected result to partial ammonium
inhibition of nitrate uptake at LCIS (where ammonium concentrations were 0.6±0.4 µM, versus 0.05±0.1 µM at FIS), with elevated
ammonium resulting from increased heterotrophy following the accumulation of
nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton biomass in early summer. Across the Weddell
Sea, carbon export appears to be controlled by a combination of physical,
chemical, and biological factors, with the highest potential export flux
occurring at the ice shelves and lowest in the central WG.
Long Covid e complicações que impactam na qualidade de vida dos sobreviventes
Authors: Santos Erlene Roberta Ribero dos , Tardieux Felipe Maia 
Published: November 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 assolou a humanidade tomando proporções nunca antes vivenciadas desde 2020, atingindo os países de maneira rápida e letal, ceifando vidas em todas as faixas etárias, deixando órfãos, gerando impactos envolvendo diversos aspectos econômicos, sociais, emocionais, epidemiológicos e demais em larga escala, evidenciando a fragilidade dos sistemas de saúde em vários continentes e deixando efeitos que persistem após a infecção para os sobreviventes. Compreendendo essa situação a ser enfrentada pelos sistemas mundiais de saúde escrevemos essas notas com o objetivo de averiguar na literatura as complicações, sintomas e sequelas persistentes mais frequentes, no período de recuperação da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, apresentados pelos sobreviventes da Covid-19. As evidências encontradas revelam o comprometimento de vários sistemas biológicos a partir das complicações e sequelas deixadas pela infecção. Variam desde leves a incapacitantes e impactam diretamente na qualidade de vida dos sobreviventes, assim como nos custso diretos e indiretos para os sistemas de saúde dos continentes afetados pela pandemia. É necessário o desenvolvimento de maiores estuds para dimensionar os efeitos da long Covid para a sociedade.
Vitamin D and mental health during the Covid-19 outbreak
Authors: Albuquerque Oliveira Séphora Natércia , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite 
Published: November 2021

The relationship between hypovitaminosis D and depressive disorder is well documented in the medical literature. However, the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D can modulate psychological distress are still unclear. Containment measures can decrease individual’s exposure to the sun, significantly increasing their needs for vitamin D, a nutrient already deficient in patients with depression. Therefore, it can be inferred that by ingesting the same amount of vitamin D, depressive individuals seem to obtain a lesser amount of this nutrient from the sun's rays when compared to healthy people. We found the relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 has been increasingly studied, mainly due to the changes that this substance can cause in the inflammatory process - especially in the release of cytokines, in SARS and in lung injuries. Despite the benefits, the existing observational studies on this exchange are not enough to definitively associate vitamin D as a protective factor for COVID-19.
Effect of Different Doses of Compost on Growth and Yield of Cotton
Authors: Kolachi Meer Muhammad , Nahiyoon Ashfaque Ahmed , Sehto Ghulam Nabi , Zaman Babar 
Published: November 2021

Effect of Different Doses of Compost on Growth and Yield of Cotton
Cotton is main cash crop of Pakistan that is also called "white gold". Majority of farmers from Punjab and Sindh cultivate it and earn high value in market to improve their livelihood. It is very important crop for cotton industry and people because, it provide raw material to industry and job to workers who serve in this sector from sowing to harvesting,ginning to weaving and selling. Cotton sector play important role in National economy as it is also a rich source of edible oil. In current scenario, growing cotton is becoming costly due to use of expensive inputs. To play part in reducing input cost of cotton present study conducted. The study aimed to evaluate efficacy of compost developed from crop refuse at zero cost. For this purpose performance of three cotton varieties MNH 886, FH 142 and IR 901 checked at five doses100 Kg, 200 Kg, 300 Kg, 400 Kg and 500 Kg of compost per acre. Results revealed that MNH 886 performed good among all three varieties on all doses followed by FH 142 and IR 901 respectively. MNH 886 performed good than all others, where maximum seed germination recorded 72.67%, plant height 138.93 cm, root length 35.43 cm, numbers of branches11.56, numbers of bolls 45.78 and yield 1840 Kg per acre on 500 Kg compost per acre recorded.However, minimum seed germination 48.56%, plant height 93.02 cm, root length 25.24 cm, numbers of branches 8.67, numbers of bolls 11.89 and yield was recorded 1042 Kg on 100 Kg compost per acre. Same trend of maximum growth at 500 Kg and minimum at 100 Kg compost observed on FH142 and IR901.
Psychologiczne i medyczne aspekty oddziaływań wobec dziecka przewlekle chorego psychosomatycznie i jego rodziny
Authors: Czuba Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Praca lekarza każdej specjalności wymaga nie tylko znajomości określonej dziedziny medycyny, lecz także umiejętności poznawania drugiego człowieka i jego problemów oraz nawiązywania z nim dobrego kontaktu. Umiejętności te nabierają szczególnego znaczenia w sytuacji, gdy pacjentem jest dziecko. W leczeniu małych pacjentów niezbędnymi partnerami są rodzice. Od lekarza zależy, czy będzie potrafił nawiązać z nimi kontakt, zarówno w celu zebrania informacji o samopoczuciu, jak i w celu nawiązania kontaktu. Rodzice często borykają się z poczuciem bezradności oraz samotności, a także z poczuciem winy. Możliwość podzielenia się przez rodziców z lekarzem ukrywanymi negatywnymi uczuciami i tym, jak przeżywają chorobę dziecka, daje im poczucie bycia wspieranym i łagodzi napięcie. Rozmowa i wsparcie muszą być dostosowane do konkretnej rodziny, co oznacza, że niezbędne jest rozeznanie sytuacji i potrzeb członków rodziny oraz wzięcie pod uwagę ich oczekiwań.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie najbardziej podstawowych zagadnień dotyczących psychologicznych aspektów sprawowania opieki medycznej nad dzieckiem oraz funkcjonowania dziecka przewlekle chorego psychosomatycznie, jak i jego rodziny.
Variation of summer monsoon rainfall over India in El-Ninos
Authors: MOOLEY D.A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. El Ninos which occurred during 1871-1990 are divided into two categories of events. The first category, EW, consists of the El Ninos in which the equatorial southeast (ESE) Pacific region (0-10° S; 80°W-180°W) experienced a Warn1ing phase as defined by suitable objective criteria, and the second category, E, consists of El Ninos in which the ESE Pacific region did not experience the warming phase. Sea surface temperature rise as well as anomaly over the Pacific region, summer monsoon rainfall over India and over its meteorological sub-divisions, in the categories EW and E are compared.
Area-averaged rainfall of India for the summer monsoon season and for each of the months July and September are significantly (at 0.1 percent level) lower in EW events in comparison to those in E events. The summer monsoon rainfall of each of the 12 sub-divisions, from northwest and central India constituting about 50 per cent of the Indian plains, is significantly lower in EW events than that in E events, the highest rainfall deficiency in EW events being in the westernmost sub-divisions, i.e., West Rajasthan and Saurashtra-Kutch. Possible causes for the same have also been discussed.
A study of tides and storm surges in offshore waters of the Meghna estuary using a finite element model
Authors: HENRY R.F. , DUNCALF D. S. , WALTERS R. S. , OSBORNE M. J. , MURTY T. S. 
Published: November 2021

Tropical Cyclones which develop in the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal during the inter monsoon months (April-May, October-December), move either westwards affecting the east coast of India or recurve to the north or northeast and eventually cross the coast of Bangladesh or Myanmar. Extensive damage is caused to the life and property by the storm surge as much of the coastal land around the Bay of Bengal is densely populated. The damage caused by a cyclone induced surge depends to a considerable extent on whether the surge peaks at or close to high tide.
The main purpose of the present study was to develop a combined time-surge model for the off-shore waters in the Meghna estuary.
It seems clear that the strong, predominantly southward current measured at Site A, south of Sandwip Island, has substantial magnifying and delaying effect on tidal elevation and current. But the areal extent of this modification of the tide is unknown at present. Further, it is impossible to say whether the fast southward current forms a narrow jet or a broad current many kilometers wide, but it is important to know which is the case before the effect can be modelled satisfactorily.
Sumbangan Pemikiran Ian G. Barbour mengenai Relasi Sains dan Agama terhadap Islamisasi Sains
Authors: Meliani Fitri , Fatah Natsir Nanat , Haryanti Erni 
Published: November 2021

Hubungan sains dan agama adalah hubungan yang rumit. Keduanya selalu menjadi wacana diskusi yang menarik. Sains dalam kehidupan manusia selalu berkembang dan berubah. Sedangkan agama selalu dianggap tradisi turun temurun yang dipertahankan oleh masyarakat tertentu. Salah satu tokoh yang mengangkat masalah sains dan agama adalah Ian G. Barbour. Barbour berusaha memetakan aspek metodologis, konseptual hingga praktis relasi antara sains dan agama dalam tipologi. Tipologi Barbour terdiri dari empat tingkatan, yaitu konflik, independensi, dialog, dan integrasi. Ketika berbicara tentang agama, perhatian Barbour nyaris terbatas pada teologi, dan ketika berbicara tentang sains, perhatiannya terutama tertumpu pada ada yang disampaikan oleh isi teori-teori paling mutakhir dalam ilmu alam. Dengan adanya integrasi agama dan sain yang Barbour ungkapkan menjadi titik awal pencetusan Islamisasi sains. Gerakan Islamisasi Ilmu oleh Al-Faruqi dan Syed M. Naquib al-Attas hadir untuk menyelamatkan ilmu pengetahuan dari westernisasi, dan menjawab keresahan psrs ilmuwan Islam yang khawatir dengan kerusakan tauhid dan alam akibat dampak negatif sains Barat. Keduanya menekankan konsep tauhid sebagai dasar ilmu pengetahuan.
Landslide Mitigation through Biocementation
Authors: Moqsud Azizul 
Published: November 2021

Landslide and other geo-disasters are causing a great damage to people and the resources all over the world. An environment friendly countermeasure of landslide disasters is necessary. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a bio-cementation process that can improve the geotechnical properties of granular soils through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (calcite) at soil particle contacts. This MICP can be an environment friendly solution for the biocementation of soil. In this study, an evaluation of biocemented soil has been carried out through direct shear test and direct simple shear test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) tests were conducted to analysis the calcite precipitation inside the biotreated soil by bacteria by using Toyoura sand and silica sand no. 4. It was observed that the amount of calcite generated in silica sand was larger than Toyoura sand. The particle shape influences the result of calcite precipitation and consequent strength of the bio-cemented sand. The amount of strength which was obtained by direct shear test and direct simple shear test indicated the granular soil became bio-stabilized within 7 days of application of nutrients from the surface. However, the amount of generated calcite was not uniformed in different layers while applying the nutrients and bacterial from the surface which was revealed by X-ray CT scan test.
Herpesviridae and microRNAs
Authors: Banerjee Anwesha , Mukherjee Anupam 
Published: November 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), first discovered in the year 1993 in the nematode C. elegans, are small, approximately 22-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Cellular miRNAs have been implicated in the control of many biological processes, and their dysregulation is associated with different diseases. They can be significantly up/downregulated upon infection or disease, serving as excellent biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several human DNA viruses, including many herpesviruses, have now been reported to encode viral miRNAs. There are a variety of possible interactions and mechanisms of viral microRNAs (vmiRNAs) which are yet to be remains obscure. Viral miRNAs can function as orthologs of cellular miRNAs and regulate their expression. Additionally, viruses have also developed vmiRNA mechanisms to avoid being targeted by the host miRNAs. Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 & HSV-2) cause genital and oral herpes, establishing lifelong latent infections in their hosts, and it is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. vmiRNAs play essential roles in Herpesvirus biology. In this chapter, we will discuss the current knowledge about miRNAs and their role in different stages of Herpesvirus infection. It will also elaborate the biomarkers, therapeutic potential of these molecules, and the prospective areas of future research.
Fractal Scaling Properties in Rainfall Time Series: A Case of Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Lawal Kane Ibrahim , Madha Suresh Venkatesan 
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the features of rainfall time series (1971–2016) in 9 meteorological regions of Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India that comprises Thiruvallur, Korattur_Dam, Ponneri, Poondi, Red Hills, Sholingur, Thamaraipakkam, Thiruvottiyur and Vallur Anicut were studied. The evaluation of rainfall time series is one of the approaches for efficient hydrological structure design. Characterising and identifying patterns is one of the main objectives of time series analysis. Rainfall is a complex phenomenon, and the temporal variation of this natural phenomenon has been difficult to characterise and quantify due to its randomness. Such dynamical behaviours are present in multiple domains and it is therefore essential to have tools to model them. To solve this problem, fractal analysis based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis were employed. The fractal analysis produces estimates of the magnitude of detrended fluctuations at different scales (window sizes) of a time series and assesses the scaling relationship between estimates and time scales. The DFA and (R/S) gives an estimate known as Hurst exponent (H) that assumes self-similarity in the time series. The results of H exponent reveals typical behaviours shown by all the rainfall time series, Thiruvallur and Sholingur rainfall region have H exponent values within 0.5 < H < 1 which is an indication of persistent behaviour or long memory. In this case, a future data point is likely to be followed by a data point preceding it; Ponneri and Poondi have conflicting results based on the two methods, however, their H values are approximately 0.5 showing random walk behaviour in which there is no correlation between any part and a future. Thamaraipakkam, Thiruvottiyur, Vallur Anicut, Korattur Dam and Red Hills have H values less than 0.5 indicating a property called anti-persistent in which an increase will tend to be followed by a decrease or vice versa. Taking into consideration of such features in modelling, rainfall time series could be an exhaustive rainfall model. Finding appropriate models to estimate and predict future rainfalls is the core idea of this study for future research.
Recent Climate Shocks in the Sahel: A Systematic Review
Authors: Epule Epule Terence , Dhiba Driss , Chehbouni Abdelghani 
Published: November 2021

In Africa, the Sahel is increasingly susceptible to climate shocks such as droughts, sandstorms (winds), and floods. Through a systematic review this work tracks the frequency with which these shocks are reported in the literature during the period 1975–2020. This work examines trends to identify which shocks are most reported, documenting their spatial distribution and evaluating the impacts of climatic and non-climatic drivers. In general, 388 shocks were reported in 164 relevant peer review papers. Southern Niger recorded 15.97% of all the shocks while Ethiopia and Senegal recorded 11.85% and 10.85% respectively. Also, West African Sahel saw about 49.97% of all shocks followed by East African Sahel with 29.89% and Central African Sahel with 12.11%. Generally, droughts (n = 219), appear to be the most frequently reported shocks followed by floods (n = 123) and winds (n = 46). The 1975–1985 decade recorded the most shocks (n = 207), followed by the 1997–2007 decade which saw (n = 80) shocks while between 1986 and 1996 a total of 52 shocks were recorded. 52% of the shocks are driven by climatic factors while 47% are driven by non-climatic drivers.
Features of Pyrolysis of Plant Biomass at Excessive Pressure
Authors: Vasilevich Sergey , Degterov Dmitry 
Published: November 2021

The paper describes methods for producing charcoal (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials, and the equipment used to implement these processes, the use of activated carbons. The paper describes results of an experimental study of the effect of pressure on the formation of charcoal in the pyrolysis of birch chips. The experimental investigation was carried out at pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 MPa. To investigate the effect of pressure on the pyrolysis process, a laboratory bench was designed and constructed. It was found that increasing the pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa increases the yield of charcoal from 25.1 to 32.4% by weight (relative to the dry weight of the starting material) and the carbon content from 89.1% by weight at 0.1 MPa to 96.4% by weight at 0.7 MPa. The calorific value of charcoal decreases from 34.86 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30.23 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. This is due to the release of oxygen-containing components, which have a higher calorific value than pure carbon, from the porous coal structure. Reduction of the charcoal heat combustion with a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing components confirms conclusion that their calorific value exceeds the calorific value of pure carbon.
Experiencias de familias en pobreza en el sur de Mérida, Yucatán (México). Explorando posibilidades del Trabajo Social en el contexto neoliberal
Authors: Montejo Murillo Silvia 
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la pobreza desde las experiencias de dos familias de la colonia Emiliano Zapata Sur II de Mérida Yucatán, con la finalidad de contribuir al quehacer del Trabajo Social desde una perspectiva humanista. El análisis mantuvo un enfoque cualitativo que se colocó dentro de un paradigma interpretativo y se apoyó de un método fenomenológico. Se utilizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación participante para obtener durante dos años los datos primarios. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran que los jefes de familia, son quienes palían la pobreza a través de su ingreso y liderazgo. Asimismo, existe un estigma sobre la colonia que la cataloga como “pobre” que influye en su condición. De igual forma, a pesar de que la familia es un sistema, cada miembro experimenta la pobreza de forma particular, necesitando más o menos recursos y satisfactores. Se recomienda para futuras investigaciones, tomar en consideración la “forma de pensar y de vivir” de la familia y de cada integrante, uno de los mayores retos al que el Trabajo Social se enfrenta desde todos sus campos de diagnóstico e intervención, dada la elevada población y la limitación de sus recursos como profesional dentro y fuera de las instituciones.
The main objective of this research was to analyze poverty from the experiences of two families from the Emiliano Zapata Sur II neighborhood of Mérida Yucatán, in order to contribute to the work of Social Work from a humanistic perspective. The analysis maintained a qualitative approach that was placed within an interpretive paradigm and was supported by a phenomenological method. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used to obtain the primary data for two years. Among the main results are that the heads of the family are those who alleviate poverty through their income and leadership. Likewise, there is a stigma on the colony that classifies it as “poor” that influences its condition. Similarly, despite the fact that the family is a system, each member experiences poverty in a particular way, requiring more or less resources and satisfiers. It is recommended for future research to take into consideration the “way of thinking and living” of the family and of each member, one of the greatest challenges that Social Work faces from all its fields of diagnosis and intervention, given the high population and the limitation of their resources as a professional inside and outside the institutions.