bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A Little Civilization in My Pocket”
Authors: Ryan Laura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article argues that Romance in Marseille marks a significant shift in Claude McKay’s approach to primitivism, one that necessitates a reconsideration of his reputation—based on his two novels of the late 1920s—as perhaps the Harlem Renaissance’s foremost proponent of “strategic primitivism.” Tracing the development of McKay’s primitivism from Home to Harlem (1928) and Banjo (1929) to his most recently published novel, this essay suggests an evolution along philosophical, political, and stylistic lines. Romance in Marseille deconstructs the primitive/civilized binary, forgoing the antiracist potentialities of primitivism for the utopian possibilities of international Marxism, interracial collaboration and queer love.
Responses of terrestrial polar arthropods to high and increasing temperatures
Authors: Bahrndorff Simon , Lauritzen Jannik M. S. , Sørensen Mathias H. , Noer Natasja K. , Kristensen Torsten N. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTTerrestrial arthropods in the Arctic and Antarctic are exposed to extreme and variable temperatures, and climate change is predicted to be especially pronounced in these regions. Available ecophysiological studies on terrestrial ectotherms from the Arctic and Antarctic typically focus on the ability of species to tolerate the extreme low temperatures that can occur in these regions, whereas studies investigating species plasticity and the importance of evolutionary adaptation to periodically high and increasing temperatures are limited. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on thermal adaptation to high temperatures of terrestrial arthropods in Arctic and Antarctic regions. Firstly, we summarize the literature on heat tolerance for terrestrial arthropods in these regions, and discuss variation in heat tolerance across species, habitats and polar regions. Secondly, we discuss the potential for species to cope with increasing and more variable temperatures through thermal plasticity and evolutionary adaptation. Thirdly, we summarize our current knowledge of the underlying physiological adjustments to heat stress in arthropods from polar regions. It is clear that very little data are available on the heat tolerance of arthropods in polar regions, but that large variation in arthropod thermal tolerance exists across polar regions, habitats and species. Further, the species investigated show unique physiological adjustments to heat stress, such as their ability to respond quickly to increasing or extreme temperatures. To understand the consequences of climate change on terrestrial arthropods in polar regions, we suggest that more studies on the ability of species to cope with stressful high and variable temperatures are needed.
Nonlocal contrast calculated by the second order visual mechanisms and its significance in identifying facial emotions
Authors: Babenko Vitaly V. , Yavna Denis V. , Ermakov Pavel N. , Anokhina Polina V. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Previously obtained results indicate that faces are preattentively detected in the visual scene, and information on facial expression is rapidly extracted at the lower levels of the visual system. At the same time different facial attributes make different contributions in facial expression recognition. However, it is known, among the preattentive mechanisms there are none that would be selective for certain facial features, such as eyes or mouth. The aim of our study was to identify a candidate for the role of such a mechanism. Our assumption was that the most informative areas of the image are those characterized by spatial heterogeneity, particularly with nonlocal contrast changes. These areas may be identified in the human visual system by the second-order visual mechanisms selective to contrast modulations of brightness gradients. Methods: We developed a software program imitating the operation of these mechanisms and finding areas of contrast heterogeneity in the image. Using this program, we extracted areas with maximum, minimum and medium contrast modulation amplitudes from the initial face images, then we used these to make three variants of one and the same face. The faces were demonstrated to the observers along with other objects synthesized the same way. The participants had to identify faces and define facial emotional expressions. Results: It was found that the greater is the contrast modulation amplitude of the areas shaping the face, the more precisely the emotion is identified. Conclusions: The results suggest that areas with a greater increase in nonlocal contrast are more informative in facial images, and the second-order visual mechanisms can claim the role of filters that detect areas of interest, attract visual attention and are windows through which subsequent levels of visual processing receive valuable information.
Organizing gene literature retrieval, profiling, and visualization training workshops for early career researchers
Authors: Al Ali Fatima , Marr Alexandra K , Tatari-Calderone Zohreh , Alfaki Mohamed , Toufiq Mohammed , Roelands Jessica , Syed Ahamed Kabeer Basirudeen , Bedognetti Davide , Marr Nico , Garand Mathieu , Rinchai Darawan , Chaussabel Damien 
Published: April 2021

Developing the skills needed to effectively search and extract information from biomedical literature is essential for early-career researchers. It is, for instance, on this basis that the novelty of experimental results, and therefore publishing opportunities, can be evaluated. Given the unprecedented volume of publications in the field of biomedical research, new systematic approaches need to be devised and adopted for the retrieval and curation of literature relevant to a specific theme. Here we describe a hands-on training curriculum aimed at retrieval, profiling, and visualization of literature associated with a given topic. This curriculum was implemented in a workshop in January 2021. We provide supporting material and step-by-step implementation guidelines with the ISG15 gene literature serving as an illustrative use case. Through participation in such a workshop, trainees can learn: 1) to build and troubleshoot PubMed queries in order to retrieve the literature associated with a gene of interest; 2) to identify key concepts relevant to given themes (such as cell types, diseases, and biological processes); 3) to measure the prevalence of these concepts in the gene literature; 4) to extract key information from relevant articles, and 5) to develop a background section or summary on the basis of this information. Finally, trainees can learn to consolidate the structured information captured through this process for presentation via an interactive web application.
Summary of two questionnaires designed to understand the research climate for Bioimage Analysts in the UK between 2016-2019
Authors: Waithe Dominic 
Published: April 2021

Background: Bioimage analysis is an emerging field within the global research community. It is an interdisciplinary discipline which requires knowledge of biology, image analysis and biophysics. This report represents the analysis and discussion of two questionnaires run by the Image Analysis Focused Interest Group of the Royal Microscopical Society (IAFIG-RMS). The goal of this document, which represents the analysis and interpretation of these questionnaires, is to highlight the current research climate for Bioimage Analysts in the UK and discusses some of the problems and possibilities for this emerging discipline. Methods: Two questionnaires (2016 and 2019) were developed and sent to researchers in the UK using mailing lists and forums specific for microscopy and image analysis. The participants were asked a range of questions spanning different aspects of their work and funding. Respondents were collected and analysed using Jupyter notebooks. Results: The analysis of the responses from these questionnaires highlighted many interesting issues and aspects of this community. It is clear that a major issue for the community is the nature of the funding and the long-term career possibilities available. Furthermore, the issue of independence is discussed with clear evidence that researchers would like to pursue their own research with the option of dedicated time to support the research of others. Conclusions: It is our hope that this study will help catalyse funding opportunities which help support this emerging discipline and help it establish a unique identity for itself within the research community in the UK and beyond.
Ribeirão das Trevas? O skate dando um ollie nas narrativas dominantes sobre Ribeirão das Neves, MG
Authors: Souza Rafaela Goltara 
Published: April 2021

Ribeirão das Neves-MG é uma cidade mineira que é constantemente notícia por causa das seis penitenciárias que abriga, do lixão sem tratamento adequado e pelo trocadilho publicado no Diário Oficial do Estado e no site do Tribunal de Justiça /MG citando-a pelo nome de Ribeirão das Trevas. Essa descrição pejorativa oficializada no município se impõe como uma barreira aos moradores da cidade, que sofrem com a estigmatização e exclusão social que essa narrativa acarreta. Porém, um grupo de jovens negros e skatistas entram em conflito com essa história única apresentando uma nova narrativa sobre a cidade, privilegiando a vida, a amizade e as sociabilidades. Este artigo é um desdobramento da dissertação de mestrado que se intitula “Ribeirão das Trevas: o skate dando um ollie nas narrativas dominantes sobre a cidade de Ribeirão das Neves – MG”, desenvolvida com o apoio da CAPES no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, Cultura e Comunicaçãoem Periferias Urbanasda Faculdade de Educação da Baixada Fluminense (FEBF/ UERJ). O artigo traz um relato de experiência sobre os caminhos percorridos desde a aprovação do projeto de pesquisa até a construção metodológica da etnografia, sendo a fotografia um recurso fundamental para a descoberta do campo e da relação tecida entre a etnógrafa e o grupo de skatistas Just Crew Skateboard, que aqui é compartilhada com o objetivo de contribuir com as reflexões sobre as possibilidades da imagem como simpatia, e da etnografia e antropologia visual como metodologias de pesquisa em periferias urbanas.
Direito e razões para a ação: uma análise da teoria jusfilosófica desenvolvida por Joseph Raz
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Carvalho , Tupiassu Lise Vieira da Costa , Gros-Desormeaux Jean-Raphael 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo busca descrever e analisar a obra “Razão Prática e Normas” de Joseph Raz - um expoente contemporâneo do positivismo excludente - tendo por objetivo realizar uma investigação voltada a apontar e discutir determinados aspectos, eleitos como principais, de sua teoria do direito. O método empregado consiste na pesquisa bibliográfica dos escritos de Raz, assim como da literatura relevante às matérias tratadas. Pretende-se com este estudo traçar as linhas centrais do raciocínio estruturante dessa teoria, a fim de se estabelecer um panorama geral da mesma, evidenciando os argumentos que sustentam e justificam a existência do positivismo jurídico exclusivo, marcado pela dissociação entre direito e moral. Joseph Raz, mostrar-se-á, por meio de sua análise do exercício das razões no campo prático, firma o direito enquanto ciência e fenômeno social explicável e justificável.
Evaluating the huddle as a method of improving staff communication and process efficiency on a psychiatric inpatient ward
Authors: Paleri Vigneshwar , Perera Samantha , Dudha Shivani , Harland Robert , Codling David 
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims Variation in healthcare processes is widespread in mental health care and can lead to inefficient processes and unnecessarily long inpatient stays. This study aimed to identify sources of variation and implement a huddle intervention to increase system efficiency on a psychiatric inpatient ward in London. Methods Using a Lean Six Sigma approach, areas for improvement on the authors' ward and processes working well on other wards were identified through process mapping and stakeholder interviews. The huddle intervention was implemented, then evaluated and improved through four Plan Do Study Act cycles based on feedback from staff and green-to-red methodology. Results Inconsistencies in multidisciplinary team communication was identified as the most prominent area of concern and inefficiency. The huddles were found to improve staff communication and increase ward activity. Concerns regarding the huddles' duration and focus on tasks were identified and addressed. Conclusions Huddles are a useful means of improving staff communication and increasing ward efficiency without taking up a significant amount of clinicians' time to care for patients. This could increase ward efficiency and reduce lengths of stay, although further research is required to establish this.
Increased incidence of acute patellar dislocations and patellar instability surgical procedures across the United States in paediatric and adolescent patients
Authors: McFarlane Kelly H. , Coene Ryan P. , Feldman Lanna , Miller Patricia E. , Heyworth Benton E. , Kramer Dennis E. , Kocher Mininder S. , Yen Yi-Meng , Milewski Matthew D. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose Patellofemoral instability is a common cause of knee pain and dysfunction in paediatric and adolescent patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of patellar dislocations seen in emergency departments (EDs) and the rates of surgical procedures for patellar instability at paediatric hospitals in the United States between 2004 and 2014. Methods The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for all paediatric patients who underwent surgery for patellar instability or were seen in the ED for acute patellar dislocation between 2004 and 2014. This was compared with the annual numbers of overall orthopaedic surgical procedures. Results Between 2004 and 2014, there were 3481 patellar instability procedures and 447 285 overall orthopaedic surgical procedures performed at the included institutions, suggesting a rate of 7.8 per 1000 orthopaedic surgeries. An additional 5244 patellar dislocations treated in EDs were identified. Between 2004 and 2014, the number of patellar instability procedures increased 2.1-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 to 3.0), while orthopaedic surgical procedures increased 1.7-fold (95% CI 1.3 to 2.0), suggesting a 1.2-fold relative increase in patellar instability procedures, compared with total paediatric orthopaedic surgeries. Conclusion This study shows a significant rise in the rate of acute patellar instability treatment events in paediatric and adolescent patients across the country. Surgery for patellar instability also increased over the study period, though only slightly more than the rate of all paediatric orthopaedic surgical procedures. This may suggest that increasing youth sports participation may be leading to a spectrum of increasing injuries and associated surgeries in children. Level of Evidence IV
GaSb-based digital distributed feedback filter laser diodes for gas sensing applications in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Hoppe Morten , Aßmann Christian , Schmidtmann Sebastian , Milde Tobias , Honsberg Martin , Schanze Thomas , Sacher Joachim 
Published: April 2021

The commercially available semiconductor lasers for the mid-infrared (MIR) region often do not reach the desired performance and represent a limitation for gas sensor technology. Here we present our digital distributed feedback filter (D-DFB) laser diodes based on GaSb gain material, which have been optimized in terms of facet reflectivity, chip length, and output power. These diodes now cover the wavelength range from 1900 nm up to 4500 nm and show excellent quality regarding their spectral characteristics. Results for the performance of the D-DFB laser design and its suitability for the detection of trace gases are shown in this publication.
MicroRNA biomarkers of type 2 diabetes: A protocol for corroborating evidence by computational genomics and meta-analyses
Authors: Zhu Hongmei , Leung Siu-wai 
Published: April 2021

Background
Few microRNAs were found consistently dysregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) that would gain confidence from Big Pharma to develop diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers. This study aimed to corroborate evidence from eligible microRNAs-T2D association studies according to stringent quality criteria covering both biological and statistical significance in T2D for biomarker development.

Methods and analyses
Controlled microRNA expression profiling studies on human with T2D will be retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase for selecting the statistically significant microRNAs according to pre-specified search strategies and inclusion criteria. Multiple meta-analyses with restricted maximum-likelihood estimation and empirical Bayes estimation under the random-effects model will be conducted by metafor package in R. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses further examine the microRNA candidates for their disease specificity, tissue specificity, blood fraction specificity, and statistical robustness of evidence. Biologically relevant microRNAs will then be selected through genomic database corroboration. Their association with T2D is further measured by area under the curve (AUC) of receive operating characteristic (ROC). Meta-analysis of AUC of potential biomarkers will also be conducted. Enrichment analysis on potential microRNA biomarkers and their target genes will be performed by iPathwayGuide and clusterProfiler, respectively. The corresponding reporting guidelines will be used to assess the quality of included studies according to their profiling methods (microarray, RT-PCR, and RNA-Seq).

Ethics and dissemination
No ethics approval is required since this study does not include identifiable personal patient data.

Protocol registration number
CRD42017081659.
Relationship between diabetes self-care practices and control of periodontal disease among type2 diabetes patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan S. M. Mahmudul , Rahman Mosiur , Nakamura Keiko , Tashiro Yuri , Miyashita Ayano , Seino Kaoruko 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe prevalence of periodontal disease is high in diabetes patients worldwide, including Bangladesh. Although associations of periodontal disease outcomes and clinical determinants of diabetes have been investigated, few studies have reported on the relationship between periodontal diseases outcomes with modifiable factors, such as self-care and oral hygiene practices, in patients with diabetes. Moreover, in order to develop targeted strategies, it is also important to estimate their aggregated contribution separately from that of the established sociodemographic and diabetics related clinical determinates. Therefore, this study was performed to elucidate 1) the relationship of diabetes patients’ self-care and oral hygiene practices to periodontal disease and 2) the relative contributions of selected factors to periodontal disease outcome in type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsThe data were obtained from the baseline survey of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. A total of 379 adult patients with type 2 diabetes from three diabetic centres in Dhaka, Rajshahi and Barishal, received periodontal examinations using the community periodontal index (CPI) probe, glycated haemoglobin examination, other clinical examinations, and structured questionnaires. Multiple logistics regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between selected factors and prevalence of any periodontal disease and its severity.ResultsMore than half of the participants were female (53.8%) and 66.8% of the total participants was 21–50 years old. The prevalence of any (CPI code 2+3+4; 75.7%) and severe form (CPI code 4; 35.1%) of periodontal disease were high in type 2 diabetes patients. In multivariate analysis, the odds of periodontal disease increased with unfavourable glycaemic control indicated by HbA1c ≥ 7%, and decreased by 64%, 85% and 92% with adherence to recommended diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices, respectively. Diabetes self-care practice explained the highest proportion of the variance (13.9%) followed by oral hygiene practices (10.9%) by modelling any periodontal disease versus no disease. Variables of diabetes conditions and oral hygiene practices explained 10.9% and 7.3% of the variance by modelling severe (CPI code 4) or moderate (CPI code 3) forms of periodontal disease versus mild form of periodontal disease. Findings also conferred that while poor diabetes control had an individually adverse association with any form of periodontal diseases and its severity, the risk of diseases was moderated by oral hygiene practices.ConclusionsThis study suggested that, in addition to diabetes-related clinical determinants, self-care practices, and oral hygiene practices must be taken into consideration for prevention and control of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes.
Heparin binding protein in severe COVID-19—A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Mellhammar Lisa , Thelaus Louise , Elén Sixten , Fisher Jane , Linder Adam 
Published: April 2021

Background and aims
Neutrophil-derived heparin binding protein (HBP; also known as azurocidin or CAP-37) is a key player in bacterial sepsis and a promising biomarker in severe infections.
The aims of this study were to assess whether HBP is involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and, if so, whether it can be used to predict severe disease preferably using a point-of-care test.

Methods
This was a prospective convenience sample study of biomarkers in patients admitted to Skåne University hospital in Sweden with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Plasma samples and clinical data were collected within 72h after admission, during hospital stay and at discharge. Plasma HBP concentrations samples were measured both with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and with a novel dry immunofluorescence analyzer (Joinstar) point-of-care test.

Results
Thirty-five COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. Twenty-nine patients had blood samples taken within 72h after admission. We compared the highest HBP value taken within 72h after admission in patients who eventually developed organ dysfunction (n = 23) compared to those who did not (n = 6), and found that HBP was significantly elevated in those who developed organ dysfunction (25.0 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 16.6–48.5) vs 10.6 ng/mL (IQR 4.8–21.7 ng/mL), p = 0.03). Point-of-care test measurements correlated well with ELISA measurements (R = 0.83). HBP measured by the POC device predicted development of COVID-induced organ dysfunction with an AUC of 0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–1.0).

Conclusions
HBP is elevated prior to onset of organ dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19 using a newly developed point-of-care test and hence HBP could be used in a clinical setting as a prognostic marker in COVID-19.