bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purpose-Based Walking Trips by Duration, Distance, and Select Characteristics, 2017 National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Watson Kathleen B. , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Bricka Stacey , Carlson Susan A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: New or enhanced activity-friendly routes to everyday destinations is an evidence-based approach for increasing physical activity. Although national estimates for some infrastructure features surrounding where one lives and the types of nearby destinations are available, less is known about the places where individuals walk. Methods: A total of 5 types of walking trips (N = 54,034) were defined by whether they began or ended at home (home based [HB]) and trip purpose (HB work, HB shopping, HB social/recreation, HB other, and not HB trip) (2017 National Household Travel Survey). Differences and trends by subgroups in the proportion of each purpose-oriented trip were tested using pairwise comparisons and polynomial contrasts. Results: About 14% of U.S. adults reported ≥1 walking trip on a given day. About 64% of trips were HB trips. There were few differences in prevalence for each purpose by subgroup. For example, prevalence of trips that were not HB decreased significantly with increasing age and increased with increasing education and household income. Conclusions: Given age-related and socioeconomic differences in walking trips by purpose, planners and other professionals may want to consider trip origin and destination purposes when prioritizing investments for the creation of activity-friendly routes to everyday destinations where people live, work, and play.
Amount, Type, and Timing of Domain-Specific Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Among US Adults
Authors: Saint-Maurice Pedro F. , Berrigan David , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Watson Kathleen B. , Patel Shreya , Loftfield Erikka , Sampson Joshua N. , Fulton Janet E. , Matthews Charles E. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Surveillance of domain-specific physical activity in the United States is lacking. Thus, the authors describe domain-specific moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a nationwide sample of US adults. Methods: Participants from the AmeriSpeak panel (n = 2649; 20–75 y; 50% female) completed the Activities Completed Over Time in 24-Hours previous-day recall. The authors estimated average MVPA duration (in hours per day) overall and in major life domains by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and education. They also described the most commonly reported MVPAs and timing of MVPA during the day. Results: Across all life domains, participants reported an average of 2.5 hours per day in MVPA. Most MVPA was accumulated during work (50% of total, 1.2 h/d) and household activities (28%, 0.7 h/d) with less MVPA reported in leisure time (15%, 0.4 h/d). Time reported in MVPA varied by sex, and race/ethnicity (P < .05). Walking at work and for exercise, childcare, and walking for transportation were the most commonly reported domain-specific MVPAs. A greater proportion of MVPA took place in the morning (∼06:00 h) and evening (∼18:00 h). Conclusions: Work and household activities accounted for 78% of overall MVPA reported, while leisure-time MVPA accounted for only 15% of the total. Encouraging MVPA during leisure time and transportation remain important targets for promoting MVPA in US adults.
Eliminating Barriers to Youth Sport in Greenville, North Carolina
Authors: O’Brien Emma , Warner Stacy M. , Sartore-Baldwin Melanie 
Published: August 2021

This case study helps students better understand barriers to youth sport participation that low-income families face and then offer solutions to alleviate some barriers and create a more inclusive sport community. The case focuses on the struggle that many sport organizations face when trying to increase diversity and inclusiveness, regardless of socioeconomic status. Greenville Recreation and Parks Department Development Intern Sarah identifies issues with the department’s current financial assistance program and collects parents’ feedback detailing community needs that are not being met. This case provides an opportunity for students to (a) examine how sport organizations unintentionally create barriers for some community members and (b) find innovative ways to reduce barriers to youth sport participation and create more inclusive systems.
CD4+ T cell and M2 macrophage infiltration predict dedifferentiated liposarcoma patient outcomes
Authors: Schroeder Brett A , LaFranzo Natalie A , LaFleur Bonnie J , Gittelman Rachel M , Vignali Marissa , Zhang Shihong , Flanagan Kevin C , Rytlewski Julie , Riolobos Laura , Schulte Brian C , Kim Teresa S , Chen Eleanor , Smythe Kimberly S , Wagner Michael J , Mantilla Jose G , Campbell Jean S , Pierce Robert H , Jones Robin L , Cranmer Lee D , Pollack Seth M 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcoma subtypes and is devastating in the advanced/metastatic stage. Despite the observation of clinical responses to PD-1 inhibitors, little is known about the immune microenvironment in relation to patient prognosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 61 patients with DDLPS. We completed deep sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain and RNA sequencing for predictive modeling, evaluating both immune markers and tumor escape genes. Hierarchical clustering and recursive partitioning were employed to elucidate relationships of cellular infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment, while an immune score for single markers was created as a predictive tool.ResultsAlthough many DDLPS samples had low TCR clonality, high TCR clonality combined with low T-cell fraction predicted lower 3-year overall survival (p=0.05). Higher levels of CD14+ monocytes (p=0.02) inversely correlated with 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), while CD4+ T-cell infiltration (p=0.05) was associated with a higher RFS. Genes associated with longer RFS included PD-1 (p=0.003), ICOS (p=0.006), BTLA (p=0.033), and CTLA4 (p=0.02). In a composite immune score, CD4+ T cells had the strongest positive predictive value, while CD14+ monocytes and M2 macrophages had the strongest negative predictive values.ConclusionsImmune cell infiltration predicts clinical outcome in DDLPS, with CD4+ cells associated with better outcomes; CD14+ cells and M2 macrophages are associated with worse outcomes. Future checkpoint inhibitor studies in DDLPS should incorporate immunosequencing and gene expression profiling techniques that can generate immune landscape profiles.
Decreased Serum NCAM Levels Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lu Wei , Li Junshan , Liu Lei , Zhao Xiumin 
Published: August 2021

Objective. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a glycoprotein widely distributed in the brain, has recently been shown to regulate neuroplasticity. However, the role of NCAM in vascular dementia (VaD) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NCAM is involved in the course of VaD. Methods. Continuous recruitment of VaD patients and control population to join this study. Doctors or nurses are responsible for collecting their clinical characteristics including age, gender, formal education, heart rate, supine systolic blood pressure, supine diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. Each participant received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale after being enrolled in the group. At the same time, their peripheral blood was collected, and their serum NCAM levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. 98 VaD patients and 83 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. There was no significant statistical difference between the VaD group and the control group in terms of the comparison of clinical characteristics (

p
>
0.05

). The MoCA score of VaD patients was significantly lower than that of the controls (

27.9
±
1.4

vs.

23.0
±
2.1

points,

p
<
0.001

). In addition, the circulating NCAM level of VaD patients was also significantly lower than that of controls (

21.7
±
3.8

vs.

17.6
±
4.2

ng/mL,

p
<
0.001

). The circulating NCAM level of VaD patients was significantly positively correlated with MoCA score (

r
=
0.285

,

p
=
0.026

). After adjusting for clinical characteristics, circulating NCAM levels are still an independent pathogenic factor of VaD (regression

coefficient
=
0.223

,

p
=
0.034

). Conclusions. VaD patients have low circulating NCAM levels, which can be used as a potential predictor of VaD.
Impact of PCSK9 Immunization on Glycemic Indices in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Abdollahi Elham , Banach Maciej , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim. The impact of Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition on glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus remains far from clear. We explored the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on glycemic indices in the diabetes rat model. Methods. To prepare the anti-PCSK9 vaccine, a peptide construct called Immunogenic Fused PCSK9-Tetanus (IFPT) was linked to the surface of nanoliposome carriers. Healthy rats received four subcutaneous injections of the vaccine at biweekly intervals. Two weeks after the last vaccination, anti-PCSK9 antibody titers, PCSK9 targeting, and inhibition of PCSK9–low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) interaction were evaluated. After verification of antibody generation, the immunized rats were intraperitoneally treated with a single dose (45 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as the insulin tolerance test (ITT) were carried out to assess glycemic status. At the end of the study, the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were assayed. Histopathology examination of the liver and pancreas was also performed using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. Results. The prepared nanoliposomal vaccine could strongly induce anti-PCSK9 antibodies in the vaccinated rats. Within one week following the STZ injection, the FBG level was lower in the vaccinated group vs. diabetic control group (49% (

−
171.7
±
35

mg
/
dL

,

p
<
0.001

)). In the OGTT, the injected rats showed improved glucose tolerance as reflected by the reduction of blood glucose levels over 180 min, compared with the diabetic controls. Moreover, the ITT demonstrated that, after the insulin injection, blood glucose concentration declined by 49.3% in the vaccinated group vs. diabetic control group. Expectedly, the vaccinated rats exhibited lower (-26.65%,

p
=
0.03

) plasma LDL-C levels compared with the diabetic controls. Histopathology examination of pancreas tissue demonstrated that the pancreatic islets of the vaccinated rats had a slight decline in the population of β-cells and few α-cells. Normal liver histology was also observed in the vaccinated rats. Conclusion. PCSK9 inhibition through the liposomal IFPT vaccine can improve the glucose and insulin tolerance impairments as well as the lipid profile in diabetes.
SAGE1: a Potential Target Antigen for Lung Cancer T-Cell Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Yu Xiaohong , Liu Qiuping , Gong Haiping , Chen An-an , Zheng Hongjun , Zhong Shi , Li Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A fundamental understanding of cancer-specific antigens is crucial for successful T-cell immunotherapy. Sarcoma antigen 1 (SAGE1) is a cancer/testis antigen that has not yet been verified for T-cell immunotherapy applications. Here, we examined SAGE1 RNA expression and carried out IHC analyses, revealing that SAGE1 is expressed in 50% of non–small cell lung-cancer samples (n = 40). To verify the immunogenicity of SAGE1, we discovered a novel HLA-A*24:02 (HLA-A24)–restricted SAGE1 epitope (SAGE1597–606, VFSTAPPAFI) using mass spectrometry and identified SAGE1597–606-specific T-cell clones and T-cell receptors (TCR) from peripheral bloods of HLA-A24+ donors. The highest affinity TCR VF3 (KD = 4.3 μM) demonstrated the highest antitumor potency. Moreover, VF3-transduced T cells mediated the efficient killing of HLA-A24+/SAGE1+ tumor cells in vitro and effectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice. Together, our data suggest that SAGE1 could be a target for T-cell immunotherapies against lung cancer, while its specific TCRs could be candidates for developing reagents to treat SAGE1+ tumors.
Pectoral-fin glands and delivery apparatus in the catfish genus Brachyrhamdia Myers, 1927 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)
Authors: Carvalho Thaís Isabela , Klaczko Julia , Slobodian Veronica 
Published: August 2021

The Siluriformes, popularly known as catfishes, are probably the vertebrate group with the highest diversity of venomous animals, even though only approximately a hundred venomous catfishes are reported to date. Venomous catfishes might present a delivery system apparatus, formed by an unbranched ray at the leading edge of pectoral and dorsal fins (spine), which can be stiffened and pungent, while venom glands can be present at the surface of such spines and/or the axillary region. This work investigated the presence, morphology and distribution of glands and pectoral-fin delivery apparatus in the heptapterid Brachyrhamdia genus. Pectoral-fin spine external morphology was compared across all valid species in the genus, histological sections of the pectoral-fin spine and axillary regions of B. heteropleura and B. marthae were produced, and dissections of the pectoral girdle region of the mentioned species were analyzed. The histological sections confirmed the presence of pectoral-fin glands at the surface of the pectoral-fin spine of Brachyrhamdia species, and cellular morphology indicates these glands are probably venomous. Also, we found a piriform gland at the axillary region, whose cell morphology is like the reported for other catfishes. However, we cannot currently confirm or deny axillary gland participation in the venom delivery apparatus. This work constitutes the first report of venom glands in Brachyrhamdia, and the first description of Heptapteridae axillary glands.
Retour vers la culture. La sémiotique et ses virages anthropologiques
Authors: Chatenet Ludovic , Di Caterino Angelo 
Published: August 2021

Cet article se propose d’examiner le projet d’une sémiotique de la culture en considérant les contacts entre la sémiotique greimassienne et l’anthropologie. Les différences entre Greimas et Lévi-Strauss dans les années 1960 ont conduit la sémiotique à abandonner l’idée d’approcher la culture. Ces dernières années, la sémiotique post-greimassienne, tournée vers les pratiques et l’expérience, a renoué le dialogue en s’inspirant des propositions de Latour et de Descola pour rediscuter la notion de culture du point de vue des collectifs et des ontologies. À contre-courant de la recherche actuelle, nous défendons ici l’idée que le projet d’une sémiotique de la culture est déjà incarné par l’anthropologie structurale. Du fait de son héritage des méthodes linguistiques, qu’elle applique au terrain, et de son ouverture aux modélisations formelles comme aux approches phénoménologiques ou cognitives, elle nous paraît constituer un cadre sûr et suffisant pour étudier les cultures. Au croisement des approches de Greimas, Lotman et Lévi-Strauss, la théorie structurale en anthropologie et sémiotique paraît toujours d’actualité et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives de recherches avec les « cultures numériques ».
Logique de l’information et sémiotique de la culture
Authors: Lorusso Anna Maria 
Published: August 2021

Qu’est-ce que la post-vérité ? Qu’est-ce que les fake news ? S’agirait-il de simples pathologies de l’information ou plutôt d’un phénomène dévoilant une autre logique de la signification sociale ? En mettant à contribution les outils de la sémiotique de la culture (notamment les sémiotiques d’Umberto Eco et de Juri Lotman), le présent article entend analyser la façon dont s’est radicalement transformé le critère de la vérité des discours (leur « régime de vérité » comme le disait Foucault), de même que l’avènement d’un régime « confusionnel » se réclamant d’un critère d’authenticité fondé sur l’expérience en lieu et place d’un critère de vérité fondé sur la vérification.
An Empirically Grounded System of Supports for Improving the Quality of Mathematics Teaching on a Large Scale
Authors: Cobb Paul , Jackson Kara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Research on the teaching and learning of mathematics has made significant progress in recent years. However, this work has had only limited impact on classroom instruction in many countries. We report on an eight-year project in which we partnered with several large urban school districts in the US that were attempting to support mathematics teachers’ development of ambitious, inquiry-oriented instructional practices. These partnerships provided contexts in which we could iteratively test and revise conjectures about instructional improvement strategies intended to support teachers’ and others’ learning. The product of this work is a theory of action for instructional improvement at scale that spans from the classroom to school system instructional leadership. We present project findings as they relate to key elements of the theory including: teachers’ knowledge, perspective and practices; instructional materials and student assessments; participatory supports for teachers’ learning; and additional supports for currently struggling students.
Volvulus of the Transverse Colon
Authors: Huerta Sergio , Pickett Maryanne L. , Mottershaw Ann M. , Gupta Pramod , Pham Thai 
Published: August 2021

Background In the United States, the third leading cause of a large bowel obstruction (LBO) is colonic volvulus with torsion occurring most commonly in the sigmoid and the cecum. Transverse colonic volvulus (TCV) is exceedingly rare and specific involvement of the splenic flexure (SFV) is even less common. The present analysis was undertaken to interrogate current trends in presentation, management, and outcomes of TCV. Methods In the present report, the world literature was reviewed for the past 90 years (1932 to 2021). We conducted a systematic review to identify all cases of TCV following the PRISMA guidelines. Results We identified 317 cases of TCV. This included SFV (n = 75), TCV in pediatric patients (n = 63), TCV in pregnant patients (n = 8), and TCV associated with other pathology such as Chilaiditi’s syndrome (n = 11). Compared to sigmoid and cecal volvulus, TCV was rare (.94%). It affected slightly more women (54%) than men, commonly in their third decade of life (37.7 ± 23.8). The clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging were consistent with LBO. Compared to sigmoid volvulus, there was a limited role for conservative management and colonoscopic decompression was less effective. The most common operation was segmental resection (25%). Mortality was (20%) commonly because of cardiopulmonary complications and affected more women (63%). The average age of this cohort was 55.7±24.6 years old. Discussion Our review showed that TCV is an uncommon surgical entity. The diagnosis is likely to be made at laparotomy. Prompt recognition is paramount in preventing ischemia necrosis and perforation. Compared to sigmoid and cecal volvulus, the mortality for TCV remains high.
Lithium heparin interference in the Abbott enzymatic creatinine assay: the significance of under-filled tubes
Authors: Squires Maria , Wise Helen , Holmes Heather , Hadfield Katie 
Published: August 2021

Background Spuriously high results using the Abbott Architect enzymatic creatinine assay were noted to be particularly associated with very small sample volumes. This led us to query the effect of under-filling lithium heparin tubes on the measured enzymatic creatinine result. Methods Blood was provided by 5 laboratory personnel and then decanted into 5 x1.2 mL Sarstedt S-Monovette tubes, giving final blood volumes of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1200 μL. Plasma was analysed using Abbott Architect Jaffe, enzymatic creatinine, Beckman Coulter (AU500) enzymatic creatinine and Roche (Cobas c702) enzymatic creatinine assays. Saline was also added to Sarstedt 1.2 mL and Teklab 2 mL tubes and analysed using the Abbott Jaffe and enzymatic creatinine methods. Results Increasing degrees of under-fill were associated with greater over-estimation of creatinine using the Abbott enzymatic assay, but no difference was noted using Jaffe methodology on the same platform or enzymatic assays provided by Roche or Beckman. On average, creatinine was 40.6% (+27.7 μmol/L) higher when only 200 μL of blood was present in the tube. Small volumes of saline added to lithium heparin tubes measured significant creatinine concentrations using the Abbott enzymatic method. Conclusions Lithium heparin directly interferes in the Abbott Architect enzymatic creatinine assay. Under-filling lithium heparin tubes can lead to clinically significant over-estimation of creatinine results by this assay. Users of this assay should be aware of the potential for spurious results in small sample volumes collected into lithium heparin tubes and implement robust procedures for identifying and reporting results on these samples.
Maximizing the Benefits of Participatory Design for Human–Robot Interaction Research With Older Adults
Authors: Rogers Wendy A. , Kadylak Travis , Bayles Megan A. 
Published: August 2021

Objective We reviewed human–robot interaction (HRI) participatory design (PD) research with older adults. The goal was to identify methods used, determine their value for design of robots with older adults, and provide guidance for best practices. Background Assistive robots may promote aging-in-place and quality of life for older adults. However, the robots must be designed to meet older adults’ specific needs and preferences. PD and other user-centered methods may be used to engage older adults in the robot development process to accommodate their needs and preferences and to assure usability of emergent assistive robots. Method This targeted review of HRI PD studies with older adults draws on a detailed review of 26 articles. Our assessment focused on the HRI methods and their utility for use with older adults who have a range of needs and capabilities. Results Our review highlighted the importance of using mixed methods and including multiple stakeholders throughout the design process. These approaches can encourage mutual learning (to improve design by developers and to increase acceptance by users). We identified key phases used in HRI PD workshops (e.g., initial interview phase, series of focus groups phase, and presentation phase). These approaches can provide inspiration for future efforts. Conclusion HRI PD strategies can support designers in developing assistive robots that meet older adults’ needs, capabilities, and preferences to promote acceptance. More HRI research is needed to understand potential implications for aging-in-place. PD methods provide a promising approach.