bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4D Printing of Liquid Crystals: What's Right for Me?
Authors: del Pozo Marc , Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Debije Michael G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen major advances in the developments of both additive manufacturing concepts and responsive materials. When combined as 4D printing, the process can lead to functional materials and devices for use in health, energy generation, sensing, and soft robots. Among responsive materials, liquid crystals, which can deliver programmed, reversible, rapid responses in both air and underwater, are a prime contender for additive manufacturing, given their ease of use and adaptability to many different applications. In this paper, selected works are compared and analyzed to come to a didactical overview of the liquid crystal‐additive manufacturing junction. Reading from front to back gives the reader a comprehensive understanding of the options and challenges in the field, while researchers already experienced in either liquid crystals or additive manufacturing are encouraged to scan through the text to see how they can incorporate additive manufacturing or liquid crystals into their own work. The educational text is closed with proposals for future research in this crossover field.
Rapid Extraction and Detection of Biomolecules via a Microneedle Array of Wet‐Crosslinked Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Park SeungHyun , Kim Yong Jae , Park Sanghyun , Hong Hyeonaug , Lee JiYong , Kim Seon Il , Lee KangJu , Ryu WonHyoung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid detection of biomolecule levels in the human body is often required to monitor human health. Although swellable microneedle arrays are widely used to extract biomolecules in interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive manner, it takes 3–15 min to carry this out. Herein, we report the development of a microneedle sensor system for the rapid detection of biomolecules. By controlling the crosslinking sequence of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) used in the microneedle array, we achieve a swelling ratio of approximately 600% in 30 s in vitro. Furthermore, an electrochemical measurement method is utilized to detect redox reaction of biomolecules extracted with the MeHA microneedle array and screen‐printed electrode. One can measure 1 × 10−6 m of dopamine in 3 s in vitro and with excellent selectivity in a solution of dopamine along with 100 × 10−6 m of L‐ascorbic acid and uric acid. Finally, ex vivo electrochemical analysis is performed on a gelatin phantom and porcine skin containing various concentrations of dopamine and can detect 10 × 10−6 m of dopamine within 30 s. Thus, the swellable hydrogel‐based microneedle array can be applied to biomolecule sensing in interstitial fluid within a few seconds.
Measuring Influenza A Virus and Peptide Interaction Using Electrically Controllable DNA Nanolevers
Authors: Kruse Marlen , Möser Christin , Smith David M. , Müller‐Landau Hanna , Rant Ulrich , Hölzel Ralph , Bier Frank F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrically controllable deoxyribonuclic acid (DNA) nanolevers are used to investigate the binding interaction between Influenza A/Aichi/2/1968 and the peptide called “PeB”, which specifically binds the viral surface protein hemagglutinin. PeB is immobilized on gold electrodes of a “switchSENSE” biochip by conjugation to DNA‐strands that are hybridized to complementary anchors. The surface‐tethered DNA strand carries a fluorophore while the complementary strand is a multivalent arrangement carrying up to three PeB peptides. The nanolevers are kept upright (static) by applying a negative potential. Signal read‐out for this static measurement mode is the change in fluorescence intensity due to changes in the local environment of the dye upon binding. Measurements of virus‐peptide interaction show that the virus material specifically binds to the immobilized peptides and remains bound throughout the measurement time. Immobilized viruses are subsequently used as ligands to characterize oligovalent peptide binding to hemagglutinin, revealing rate constants of the interaction. Moreover, three Influenza A subtypes are compared in their binding behavior. Overall, this paper shows the ability to immobilize virus material on a sensor surface, which allows to target virus‐proteins in their native environment. The “switchSENSE” method is therefore applicable to characterize virus‐receptor interactions.
Laser‐Assisted Synthesis of Ag2S‐Quantum‐Dot‐in‐Perovskite Matrix and Its Application in Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chen Cailing , Wei Ran , Zou Yuting , Kong Wenchi , Huang Tao , Yu Zhi , Yang Jianjun , Li Feng , Han Yu , Guo Chunlei , Yu Weili 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites are widely explored as efficient photoresponsive materials for optoelectronic devices. However, understanding and controlling their underlying optical and electrical properties remains limited. Here, a novel approach is developed by introducing silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots (QDs) into an MAPbBr3single crystal. The high‐quality Ag2S‐quantum‐dot‐in‐perovskite (Ag2S‐QDiP) matrixes synthesized through a laser‐assisted inverse temperature crystallization (LA‐ITC) strategy show broadband light‐sensitive wavelength from 550 to over 1000 nm, and a balanced carriers mobility facilitates their transmission and collection. A Ag2S‐QDiP‐enabled photodetector is demonstrated, which exhibits considerably enhanced responsivity and detectivity of 1.17 A W−1and 6.24 × 1014Jones at 532 nm, and 57.69 mA W−1and 1.03 × 1011Jones at 1064 nm, respectively. The enhanced performance in the near‐infrared (NIR) region can be attributed to the discrete heterojunction formed between MAPbBr3and Ag2S QDs, which enhances the light absorption in the NIR range and facilitates photogenerated excitons’ separation at the interface. The facile synthesis process, the more balanced transport behavior, and the ensuing improved device performance highlight introducing QDs into perovskite single crystal as an efficient strategy for tuning fundamental properties of perovskite and for developing high‐efficiency broadband electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Circularly Polarized Emission from Mixture of Vacuum‐Evaporated Mesogenic Luminophores
Authors: Yu Chang‐Jae , Lee Dong‐Myung , Han Jin‐Kyung , Lee You‐Jin , Kim Sa‐Wook , Choi E‐Joon , Kim Jae‐Hoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirect circular polarized (CP) emission from a twisted mesogenic luminophore is one of the promising approaches for generating high degree of CP light since device parameters governing the degree of CP emission are easily controlled. Most high CP emissions have been performed by solution process since a twisted structure of mesogenic luminophore is easily achieved. However, since solution process has been impeded by the limitation of low resolution and efficiency, vacuum evaporation has been commonly used in display industries to obtain high performance and resolution. Here, high CP electroluminescence (CPEL) with a dissymmetric factor of 0.914 is demonstrated through the sequential vacuum evaporation of two mesogenic luminophores and chiral agent. The sequentially evaporated luminophores and chiral agent are converted into a mixture by thermal annealing, and the luminophore mixture constructs a twisted structure and generates resultantly high CPEL. The electroluminescence device fabricated with the mixture exhibits three times higher luminance and two times higher efficiency than the devices with each single luminophore. Further, the dissymmetric factors according to the device parameters based on the Stokes parameter analysis are theoretically investigated. It is anticipated that the approach paves the way toward improving CPEL performance.
Biodegradable and Excretable 2D W1.33C i‐MXene with Vacancy Ordering for Theory‐Oriented Cancer Nanotheranostics in Near‐Infrared Biowindow
Authors: Zhou Bangguo , Yin Haohao , Dong Caihong , Sun Liping , Feng Wei , Pu Yinying , Han Xiaoxia , Li Xiaolong , Du Dou , Xu Huixiong , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMXenes, a new class of two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, have shown enormous potential for biological applications. Notably, the development of 2D MXenes in nanomedicine is still in its infancy. Herein, a distinct W1.33C i‐MXene with multiple theranostic functionalities, fast biodegradation, and satisfactory biocompatibility is explored. By designing a parent bulk laminate in‐plane ordered (W2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramic and optionally etching aluminum (Al) and yttrium (Y) elements, 2D W1.33C i‐MXene nanosheets with ordered divacancies are efficiently fabricated. Especially, theoretical simulations reveal that W1.33C i‐MXene possesses a strong predominance of near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance. The constructed ultrathin W1.33C nanosheets feature excellent photothermal‐conversion effectiveness (32.5% at NIR I and 49.3% at NIR II) with desirable biocompatibility and fast degradation in normal tissue rather than in tumor tissue. Importantly, the multimodal‐imaging properties and photothermal‐ablation performance of W1.33C‐BSA nanosheets are systematically revealed and demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism and regulation factors for the W1.33C‐BSA nanosheets‐induced hyperthermia ablation are also revealed by transcriptome and proteome sequencing. This work offers a paradigm that i‐MXenes achieve the tailoring biomedical applications through composition and structure design on the atomic scale.
An Artificial Nerve Capable of UV‐Perception, NIR–Vis Switchable Plasticity Modulation, and Motion State Monitoring
Authors: Ni Yao , Feng Jiulong , Liu Jiaqi , Yu Hang , Wei Huanhuan , Du Yi , Liu Lu , Sun Lin , Zhou Jianlin , Xu Wentao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe first flexible organic‐heterojunction neuromorphic transistor (OHNT) that senses broadband light, including near‐ultraviolet (NUV), visible (vis), and near‐infrared (NIR), and processes multiplexed‐neurotransmission signals is demonstrated. For UV perception, electrical energy consumption down to 536 aJ per synaptic event is demonstrated, at least one order of magnitude lower than current UV‐sensitive synaptic devices. For NIR‐ and vis‐perception, switchable plasticity by alternating light sources is yielded for recognition and memory. The device emulates multiplexed neurochemical transition of different neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline to form short‐term and long‐term responses. These facilitate the first realization of human‐integrated motion state monitoring and processing using a synaptic hardware, which is then used for real‐time heart monitoring of human movement. Motion state analysis with the 96% accuracy is then achieved by artificial neural network. This work provides important support to future biomedical electronics and neural prostheses.
Shaping by Internal Material Frustration: Shifting to Architectural Scale
Authors: Blonder Arielle , Sharon Eran 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelf‐morphing of thin plates could greatly impact the life if used in architectural context. Yet, so far, its realizations are limited to small‐scale structures made of model materials. Here, new fabrication techniques are developed that turn two conventional construction materials—clay and fiber composites (FRP)—into smart, self‐morphing materials, compatible with architectural needs. Controlled experiments verify the quantitative connection between the prescribed small‐scale material structure and the global 3D surface, as predicted by the theory of incompatible elastic sheets. Scaling up of desired structures is demonstrated, including a method that copes with self‐weight effects. Finally, a method for the construction of FRP surfaces with complex curvature distribution is presented, together with a software interface that allows the computation of the 3D surface for a given fiber pattern (the forward problem), as well as the fiber distribution required for a desired 3D shape (the inverse problem). This work shows the feasibility of large‐scale self‐morphing surfaces for architecture.
Paraspeckle Protein NONO Promotes TAZ Phase Separation in the Nucleus to Drive the Oncogenic Transcriptional Program
Authors: Wei Yiju , Luo Huacheng , Yee Patricia P. , Zhang Lijun , Liu Zhijun , Zheng Haiyan , Zhang Lei , Anderson Benjamin , Tang Miaolu , Huang Suming , Li Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Hippo pathway effector TAZ promotes cellular growth, survival, and stemness through regulating gene transcription. Recent studies suggest that TAZ liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalizes key cofactors to activate transcription. However, how TAZ LLPS is achieved remains unknown. Here, it is shown that the paraspeckle protein NONO is required for TAZ LLPS and activation in the nucleus. NONO is a TAZ‐binding protein. Their interaction shows temporal regulation parallel to the interaction between TAZ and TEAD as well as to the expression of TAZ target genes. NONO depletion reduces nuclear TAZ LLPS, while ectopic NONO expression promotes the LLPS. Accordingly, NONO depletion reduces TAZ interactions with TEAD, Rpb1, and enhancers. In glioblastoma, expressions of NONO and TAZ are both upregulated and predict poor prognosis. Silencing NONO expression in an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model inhibits TAZ‐driven tumorigenesis. Together, this study suggests that NONO is a nuclear factor that promotes TAZ LLPS and TAZ‐driven oncogenic transcriptional program.
Recent Progress in Active Mechanical Metamaterials and Construction Principles
Authors: Qi Jixiang , Chen Zihao , Jiang Peng , Hu Wenxia , Wang Yonghuan , Zhao Zeang , Cao Xiaofei , Zhang Shushan , Tao Ran , Li Ying , Fang Daining 
Published: October 2021

AbstractActive mechanical metamaterials (AMMs) (or smart mechanical metamaterials) that combine the configurations of mechanical metamaterials and the active control of stimuli‐responsive materials have been widely investigated in recent decades. The elaborate artificial microstructures of mechanical metamaterials and the stimulus response characteristics of smart materials both contribute to AMMs, making them achieve excellent properties beyond the conventional metamaterials. The micro and macro structures of the AMMs are designed based on structural construction principles such as, phase transition, strain mismatch, and mechanical instability. Considering the controllability and efficiency of the stimuli‐responsive materials, physical fields such as, the temperature, chemicals, light, electric current, magnetic field, and pressure have been adopted as the external stimuli in practice. In this paper, the frontier works and the latest progress in AMMs from the aspects of the mechanics and materials are reviewed. The functions and engineering applications of the AMMs are also discussed. Finally, existing issues and future perspectives in this field are briefly described. This review is expected to provide the basis and inspiration for the follow‐up research on AMMs.
Miniaturized Self‐Resonant Micro Coil Array with A Floating Structure for Wireless Multi‐Channel Transmission
Authors: Jun Byoung Ok , Kim Han‐Joon , Heo Su Jin , Kim Jonghyeun , Yang Jae Hoon , Kim Seunguk , Kim Kyungtae , Jin Woo‐Cheol , Choi Ji‐Woong , Jang Jae Eun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicro size antennas have significant merits due to the small size effect, enabling new device concepts. However, the low‐quality factor (Q‐factor), the large size of impedance matching components, and the poor selectivity of the multi‐array design remain challenging issues. To solve these issues, a floating coil structure stacked on a loop micro‐antenna is suggested. Various floating coil designs are prepared with appropriate matching conditions at specific target frequencies, using an easy fabrication process without the need for additional space. A simple one‐loop antenna design shows a higher Q‐factor than other, more complicated designs. The micro‐sized loop antenna with the 80 µm trace width design exhibits the highest Q‐factor, around 31 within 7 GHz. The 8 different floating coil designs result in high‐frequency selectivity from 1 to 7 GHz. The highest selectivity contrast and WPT efficiency are above 7 and around 1%, respectively. Considering the size of the antenna, the efficiency is not low, mainly due to the good matching effect with the high Q‐factor of the floating coil and the loop antenna. This micro‐antenna array concept with high integration density can be applied for advanced wireless neural stimulation or in wireless pixel array concepts in flexible displays.
Dendritic Organic Electrochemical Transistors Grown by Electropolymerization for 3D Neuromorphic Engineering
Authors: Janzakova Kamila , Ghazal Mahdi , Kumar Ankush , Coffinier Yannick , Pecqueur Sébastien , Alibart Fabien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the major limitations of standard top‐down technologies used in today's neuromorphic engineering is their inability to map the 3D nature of biological brains. Here, it is shown how bipolar electropolymerization can be used to engineer 3D networks of PEDOT:PSS dendritic fibers. By controlling the growth conditions of the electropolymerized material, it is investigated how dendritic fibers can reproduce structural plasticity by creating structures of controllable shape. Gradual topologies evolution is demonstrated in a multielectrode configuration. A detailed electrical characterization of the PEDOT:PSS dendrites is conducted through DC and impedance spectroscopy measurements and it is shown how organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) can be realized with these structures. These measurements reveal that quasi‐static and transient response of OECTs can be adjusted by controlling dendrites’ morphologies. The unique properties of organic dendrites are used to demonstrate short‐term, long‐term, and structural plasticity, which are essential features required for future neuromorphic hardware development.
Phonon‐Related Monochromatic THz Radiation and its Magneto‐Modulation in 2D Ferromagnetic Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: Cheng Long , Li Huiping , Lin Gaoting , Yan Jian , Zhang Lei , Yang Cheng , Tong Wei , Ren Zhuang , Zhu Wang , Cong Xin , Gao Jingjing , Tan Pingheng , Luo Xuan , sun Yuping , Zhu Wenguang , Sheng Zhigao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSearching multiple types of terahertz (THz) irradiation source is crucial for the THz technology. In addition to the conventional fermionic cases, bosonic quasi‐/particles also promise energy‐efficient THz wave emission. Here, by utilizing a 2D ferromagnetic Cr2Ge2Te6 crystal, first a phonon‐related magneto‐tunable monochromatic THz irradiation source is demonstrated. With a low‐photonic‐energy broadband THz pump, a strong THz irradiation with frequency ≈0.9 THz and bandwidth ≈0.25 THz can be generated and its conversion efficiency could even reach 2.1% at 160 K. Moreover, it is intriguing to find that such monochromatic THz irradiation can be efficiently modulated by external magnetic field below 160 K. According to both experimental and theoretical analyses, the emergent THz irradiation is identified as the emission from the phonon‐polariton and its temperature and magnetic field dependent behaviors confirm the large spin‐lattice coupling in this 2D ferromagnetic crystal. These observations provide a new route for the creation of tunable monochromatic THz source which may have great practical interests in future applications in photonic and spintronic devices.
Destructive Photon Echo Formation in Six‐Wave Mixing Signals of a MoSe2Monolayer
Authors: Hahn Thilo , Vaclavkova Diana , Bartos Miroslav , Nogajewski Karol , Potemski Marek , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Machnikowski Paweł , Kuhn Tilmann , Kasprzak Jacek , Wigger Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides display a strong excitonic optical response. Additionally encapsulating the monolayer with hexagonal boron nitride allows to reach the limit of a purely homogeneously broadened exciton system. On such a MoSe2‐based system, ultrafast six‐wave mixing spectroscopy is performed and a novel destructive photon echo effect is found. This process manifests as a characteristic depression of the nonlinear signal dynamics when scanning the delay between the applied laser pulses. By theoretically describing the process within a local field model, an excellent agreement with the experiment is reached. An effective Bloch vector representation is developed and thereby it is demonstrated that the destructive photon echo stems from a destructive interference of successive repetitions of the heterodyning experiment.
Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and species but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
Authors: Hilpman Evan T. , Busch Jeremiah W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseAnimal pollination is critical to plant reproduction and may cause convergent evolution of pollination syndromes. Pollination syndromes in Castilleja have been distinguished based on floral traits and historical observations of floral visitors. Here we addressed these questions: (1) Can pollination syndromes be distinguished using floral morphological traits or volatile organic compound emissions? (2) Is there significant variation in floral traits within a pollination syndrome at the level of populations or species? (3) Do pollination syndromes predict the most frequent floral visitor to Castilleja?MethodsFloral traits and visitation were measured for five co‐occurring Castilleja species (C. applegatei, C. linariifolia, C. miniata, C. nana, and C. peirsonii), representing three pollination syndromes (bee, fly, and hummingbird), at four sites in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple linear regressions to address key questions in the differentiation of Castilleja and floral visitors.ResultsOur analyses revealed that both morphological traits and floral VOCs can be used to distinguish between some pollination syndromes and Castilleja species. Morphological traits defined pollination syndromes reliably, but within the hummingbird syndrome, there was also significant variation among populations and species. Pollination syndrome was a poor predictor of visitors to Castilleja.ConclusionsFloral trait differentiation among Castilleja individuals reflects both taxonomy and pollination syndromes. Differentiation was generally more evident in morphological traits compared to VOCs. Furthermore, a priori notions of pollination syndromes in this system are overly simplistic and fail to predict which animals most frequently visit Castilleja in natural populations.
Optical Singularity Built on Tiny Holes
Authors: Zhou Changda , Mou Zhen , Lu Peiyao , Teng Shuyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingular optics is a branch of modern optics, and it usually refers to various singularities including phase, polarization, and energy flux singularities. Lots of excellent researches in foundation and application fields relate to optical singularities. Nanotechnology enables the manipulation of optical singularities in nanometer scale. Metasurfaces consisting of nanoscatterers have aroused intensive interest in recent years because of the ultrathin structure and the powerful light manipulation ability. Optical singular fields generated by metasurfaces built on tiny holes attract much attention. The recent research progress about the optical singular fields in nanoscale is provided here and the physical mechanism of the formation of optical singularities including phase singularity, polarization singularity, and hybrid singularity are discovered in terms of tiny holes. The beneficial reference is provided here to investigate the related works, and the applications of optical singularities in nanometer scale are promoted.