bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model to assess disease‐mediated therapeutic protein‐disease‐drug interaction in immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases
Authors: Wang Lujing , Chen Yang , Zhou Wangda , Miao Xin , Zhou Honghui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is known that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) can significantly modulate some key drug‐metabolizing enzymes, such as phase I cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In this study, a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to assess CYPs mediated therapeutic protein drug interactions (TP‐DIs) in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) with elevated systemic IL‐6 levels when treated by anti‐IL‐6 therapies. Literature data of IL‐6 levels in various diseases were incorporated in SimCYP to construct respective virtual patient populations. The modulation effects of systemic IL‐6 level and local IL‐6 level in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) on CYPs activities were assessed. Upon blockade of the IL‐6 signaling pathway by an anti‐IL‐6 treatment, the area under plasma concentration versus time curves (AUCs) of S‐warfarin, omeprazole, and midazolam were predicted to decrease by up to 40%, 42%, and 46%, respectively. In patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis treated with an anti‐IL‐6 therapy, the lowering of the elevated IL‐6 levels in the local GI tissue were predicted to result in further decreases in AUCs of those CYP substrates. The propensity of TP‐DIs under comorbidity conditions, such as in patients with cancer with IMID, were also explored. With further validation with relevant clinical data, this PBPK model may provide an in silico way to quantify the magnitude of potential TP‐DI in patients with elevated IL‐6 levels when an anti‐IL‐6 therapeutic is used with concomitant small‐molecule drugs. This model may be further adapted to evaluate the CYP modulation effect by other therapeutic modalities, which would significantly alter levels of proinflammatory cytokines during the treatment period.
Did the Labor Contract Law Affect the Capital Deepening and Efficiency of Chinese Private Firms?
Authors: Ding Jian , Zhou Yixiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the implementation of the Labor Contract Law (LCL) in 2010, a significant increase in the capital/labor ratio, known as capital deepening, has occurred in private firms in China. However, the cause and impact of the capital deepening is still in question, as either technological change or a higher cost of labor might cause it. Using data from the Chinese Private Enterprise Survey in 2008 and 2012, two critical findings are reported in this study. First, pension coverage significantly affected the capital/labor ratio in private firms after 2010. Second, large private firms are able to generate higher total factor productivity after the implementation of the LCL because they can adjust their production function more easily than smaller competitors. These findings have policy implications for reforms in the Chinese labor market.
Adipose tissue and blood leukocytes ACE2 DNA methylation in obesity and after weight loss
Authors: Izquierdo Andrea G. , Carreira Marcos C. , Boughanem Hatim , Moreno‐Navarrete Jose M. , Nicoletti Carolina F. , Oliver Paula , de Luis Daniel , Nonino Carla B. , Portillo Maria P. , Martinez‐Olmos Miguel A. , Fernandez‐Real Jose M. , Tinahones Francisco J. , Martinez J. Alfredo , Macias‐González Manuel , Casanueva Felipe F. , Crujeiras Ana B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity was consistently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with COVID‐19. Epigenetic mechanisms were proposed as the link between obesity and comorbidities risk.AimTo evaluate the methylation levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, the main entry receptor of SARS‐CoV‐2, in different depots of adipose tissue (AT) and leukocytes (PBMCs) in obesity and after weight loss therapy based on a very‐low‐calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), a balanced hypocaloric diet (HCD) or bariatric surgery (BS).Materials and MethodsDNA methylation levels of ACE2 were extracted from our data sets generated by the hybridization of subcutaneous (SAT) (n = 32) or visceral (VAT; n = 32) adipose tissue, and PBMCs (n = 34) samples in Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. Data were compared based on the degree of obesity and after 4–6 months of weight loss either by following a nutritional or surgical treatment and correlated with ACE2 transcript levels.ResultsAs compared with normal weight, VAT from patients with obesity showed higher ACE2 methylation levels. These differences were mirrored in PBMCs but not in SAT. The observed obesity‐associated methylation of ACE2 was reversed after VLCKD and HCD but not after BS. Among the studied CpG sites, cg16734967 and cg21598868, located at the promoter, were the most affected and correlated with BMI. The observed DNA methylation pattern was inversely correlated with ACE2 expression.ConclusionObesity‐related VAT shows hypermethylation and downregulation of the ACE2 gene that is mirrored in PBMCs and is restored after nutritional weight reduction therapy. The results warrant the necessity to further evaluate its implication for COVID‐19 pathogenesis.
Human capital transfer of German‐speaking migrants in eastern Europe, 1780s–1820s
Authors: Blum Matthias , Krauss Karl‐Peter , Myeshkov Dmytro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrior to the ‘Age of Mass Migration’, Germans left central Europe to settle primarily in modern‐day Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, and Russia. Despite the harsh conditions that the first generation of settlers had to endure, their descendants often fared better, rather than worse, compared to native population groups. This study offers a possible explanation for this surprising outcome. It makes use of data on approximately 11 500 individuals to estimate and compare the basic numeracy scores of German settlers and other population groups in target regions. The findings show that German settlers generally had superior basic numeracy levels, which suggests that these settlers must have contributed positively to the human capital endowment in their target regions. The numeracy of Germans was somewhat higher than the numeracy of Hungarians and substantially higher than that of Russians, Ukrainians, and Serbs. No noteworthy differences are found in terms of numeracy between German emigrants and the population they left behind, which suggests the absence of substantial migrant selection.
Neural signatures of heterogeneity in risk‐taking and strategic consistency
Authors: Leota Josh , Kleinert Tobias , Tran Alex , Nash Kyle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeople display a high degree of heterogeneity in risk‐taking behaviour, but this heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Here, we use a neural trait approach to examine if task‐independent, brain‐based differences can help uncover the sources of heterogeneity in risky decision‐making. We extend prior research in two key ways. First, we disentangled risk‐taking and strategic consistency using novel measures afforded by the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Second, we applied a personality neuroscience framework to explore why personality traits are typically only weakly related to risk‐taking behaviour. We regressed participants' (N = 104) source localized resting‐state electroencephalographic activity on risk‐taking and strategic consistency. Results revealed that higher levels of resting‐state delta‐band current density (reflecting reduced cortical activation) in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were associated with increased risk‐taking and decreased strategic consistency, respectively. These results suggest that heterogeneity in risk‐taking behaviour is associated with neural dispositions related to sensitivity to the risk of loss, whereas heterogeneity in strategic consistency is associated with neural dispositions related to strategic decision‐making. Finally, extraversion, neuroticism, openness, and self‐control were broadly associated with both of the identified neural traits, which in turn mediated indirect associations between personality traits and behavioural measures. These results provide an explanation for the weak direct relationships between personality traits and risk‐taking behaviour, supporting a personality neuroscience framework of traits and decision‐making.
How does spawning frequency scale with body size in marine fishes?
Authors: Marshall Dustin J , Barneche Diego R , White Craig R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHow does fecundity scale with female size? Female size not only affects the number and size of offspring released in any one reproductive bout (i.e. batch fecundity) but also affects frequency of bouts that occur within a given spawning season (i.e. spawning frequency). Previous studies have noted contrasting effects of female size on spawning frequency such that the effect of female size on reproductive output and total egg production of a population remains unclear. If smaller females spawn more frequently, this could effectively nullify hyperallometry—the disproportionate contribution of larger females to batch fecundity. Here, we explore the relationship between female size and spawning frequency in marine fishes and test this relationship while controlling for phylogeny. Within all of the species considered, spawning frequency scaled positively with body size. Comparing across species, the smallest species showed steeper scaling than the largest. Considering only batch fecundity scaling probably underestimates the relationship between body size and absolute fecundity for many species; reproduction is likely to be more hyperallometric than is currently appreciated based on batch fecundity estimates. Second, an understanding of fecundity scaling depends on estimates of batch fecundity, spawning frequency and spawning duration—we have far more estimates of the first parameter than we do the others, and more studies are required.
Language ideologies among Japanese foreign language teachers: Keigo and L2 speakers
Authors: DiBello Takeuchi Jae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study reports findings of a survey about keigo, Japanese honorifics, and L2‐Japanese speakers; survey respondents were teachers of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL). Researchers have studied keigo ideologies within Japanese society and documented approaches to keigo instruction and learners' efforts to master or resist keigo. However, researchers have not studied teachers' beliefs about keigo and neither the impact of keigo ideologies on classroom practice nor teachers' views of students as legitimate Japanese speakers have been studied. The survey examines JFL teachers' beliefs about keigo, approaches to teaching keigo, and beliefs about keigo's relevance for L2 speakers. Conducted within a qualitative framework, analysis of thematic coding and descriptive statistics demonstrate that respondents report different standards for L2 speakers that convey implicit native‐speaker bias. Findings underscore the importance of foreign language teachers reflecting on language ideologies that affect classroom practices and advocating for L2 speaker legitimacy.
Diet influences latitudinal gradients in life‐history traits, but not reproductive output, in ectotherms
Authors: Bansal Udita , Thaker Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimLatitudinal gradients in life‐history traits are apparent in many taxa and are expected to be strong for ectotherms that have temperature‐driven constraints on performance and fitness. The strength of these gradients, however, should also be affected by diet. Because diet type (carnivory, omnivory, herbivory) influences accessibility to nutrition and assimilation efficiency, we aim to study how diet affects latitudinal gradients in lifetime reproductive output and the underlying life‐history traits in ectotherms.LocationGlobal.Time periodRecent.Major taxa studiedLizards (Reptilia, Squamata, Sauria).MethodsWe used empirical (352 species) and phylogenetically imputed data (563 species) to analyse the interactive effects of latitude and diet on life‐history traits (longevity, age at maturity, reproductive life span, hatchling mass, clutch/brood size, clutch/brood frequency, female mass) and lifetime reproductive output of lizards.ResultsLifetime reproductive output does not significantly differ in lizards across diet types, and only carnivores exhibit a small increase at higher latitudes. Diet type, however, influences latitudinal patterns of individual life‐history traits. Carnivores exhibit a shift towards ‘slower‐paced’ life histories at higher latitudes for most traits (increased longevity, age at maturity, reproductive life span, and decreased clutch frequency). By contrast, herbivores either display ‘faster‐paced’ life histories (reduction in reproductive life span, hatchling mass, female mass) or no change (clutch frequency, clutch size, age at maturity) at higher latitudes. Omnivores exhibit intermediate and muted latitudinal patterns.Main conclusionsWe suggest that the nutritional challenges of herbivory, compounded by thermal constraints at higher latitudes, may explain differences in life‐history characteristics of herbivorous ectotherms. Intermediate patterns exhibited by omnivores highlight how flexibility in diet can buffer environmental challenges at higher latitudes. Our results indicate that lizards with different diet types display various trends in their life histories across latitudes, which eventually balance out to result in similar reproductive outputs throughout their lifetime, with little benefits to carnivory.
Land price control and employee wages: A bunching analysis of factor cost transfer
Authors: Cheng Ke‐wei , Feng Chen , Zhang Yao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo prevent local governments from transferring industrial land at low prices to attract investment, the central government of China enacted a land price control policy that stipulates a minimum price for land transfers. Using a sample of 235,803 land transactions in China from 2008 to 2015, we estimate the effects of this policy on local governments and companies. First, we find that local governments abide by the policy to some extent. However, owing to the constraints of local economic performance, there is a degree of motivation not to apply the policy, which is manifested in selective law enforcement. Second, for some companies, the policy pushes the land purchase cost above the minimum price, and the distribution of land costs across the sample shows a bunching effect in certain neighborhoods. Third, companies with rising land costs have a significant incentive to pass on their increased costs, which is manifested in a significant decline in their expenditure on employee wages, particularly in companies with poor liquidity ratios. However, there is no evidence that the increase in land costs has an impact on other company behaviors, such as investment or tax compliance.
Persistent posttraumatic headaches and functioning in veterans: Injury type can matter
Authors: Nabity Paul S. , Jaramillo Carlos A. , Resick Patricia A. , McGeary Cindy A. , Eapen Blessen C. , Straud Casey L. , Hale Willie J. , Houle Timothy T. , Litz Brett T. , Mintz Jim , Penzien Donald B. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , Keane Terence M. , Peterson Alan L. , McGeary Donald D. ,   Consortium to Alleviate PTSD
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the relationship between head trauma types (blast injury, blunt injury, combined blast+blunt injury) with subsequent headache presentations and functioning.BackgroundPosttraumatic headaches (PTHs), the most common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI), are painful and disabling. More than 400,000 veterans report having experienced a TBI, and understanding the predictors of PTHs may guide treatment developments.MethodsThis study used a nested‐cohort design analyzing baseline data from a randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for PTH (N = 190). Participants had PTH (from blast and/or blunt head trauma) and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Structured Diagnostic Interview for Headache‐Revised and Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method were used to phenotype headaches and head injury histories, respectively.ResultsIndividuals with persistent PTHs after a combined blast and blunt head trauma were more likely (OR =3.45; 95% CI [1.41, 8.4]) to experience chronic (vs. episodic) PTHs compared with the blunt trauma only group (23/33, 70% vs. 26/65, 40%, respectively); and they were more likely (OR =2.51; 95% CI [1.07, 5.9]) to experience chronic PTH compared with the blast trauma only group (44/92, 48%). There were no differences between head injury type on headache‐related disability, depression symptoms, or severity of PTSD symptoms.ConclusionThe combination of blast and blunt injuries was associated with headache chronicity, but not headache disability. Considering the refractory nature of chronic headaches, the potential added and synergistic effects of distinct head injuries warrant further study.
International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) recommendations for processing of blood samples for coagulation testing
Authors: Kitchen Steve , Adcock Dorothy M. , Dauer Ray , Kristoffersen Ann‐Helen , Lippi Giuseppe , Mackie Ian , Marlar Richard A. , Nair Sukesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis guidance document has been prepared on behalf of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). The aim of the document is to provide guidance and recommendations for the processing of citrated blood samples for coagulation tests in clinical laboratories in all regions of the world. The following areas are included in this document: Sample transport including use of pneumatic tubes systems; clots in citrated samples; centrifugation; primary tube storage and stability; interfering substances including haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia; secondary aliquots—transport, storage and processing; preanalytical variables for platelet function testing. The following areas are excluded from this document, but are included in an associated ICSH document addressing collection of samples for coagulation tests in clinical laboratories; ordering tests; sample collection tube and anticoagulant; preparation of the patient; sample collection device; venous stasis before sample collection; order of draw when different sample types are collected; sample labelling; blood‐to‐anticoagulant ratio (tube filling); influence of haematocrit. The recommendations are based on published data in peer‐reviewed literature and expert opinion.
Defensive practices in mental health nursing: Professionalism and poignant tensions
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo , Felton Anne , Prince Zoe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMental health nursing is a skilled profession, well positioned to support patients towards recovery with evidence‐based therapeutic interventions. However, the profession continues to be challenged by tensions surrounding the delivery of restrictive interventions and concerns over tendencies towards defensive practices. This paper examines the ambiguity this creates within the mental health nursing role. Organizational cultures that overvalue metrics and administrative tasks create barriers for therapeutic engagement while contributing to role confusion and stress within nursing. We need to address such structural constraints on nurses as mental health nurses’ well‐being is crucial to service delivery and the realization of therapeutic goals. From the UK perspective, authors argue that there is a need to examine service structures that foster compassionate and transformational leadership to enable mental health nurses to exercise the agency to practice therapeutically. Education and quality nursing research have a pivotal role to play in enabling this shift.
Effects of vocational rehabilitation group intervention on motivation and occupational self‐awareness in individuals with intellectual disabilities: A single blind, randomised control study
Authors: Temizkan Ege , Davutoğlu Ceren , Aran Orkun Tahir , Kayıhan Hülya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a vocational rehabilitation group intervention on motivation and occupational self‐competence in individuals with intellectual disability.MethodsA single‐blind, randomised controlled study design was used. The intervention group (IG) received the group‐based intervention alongside the individualised vocational rehabilitation (IVR) and the control group (CG) continued receiving only the IVR for 8 weeks. In order to assess motivation and occupational self‐competence, Objective Achievement Motivation Test (OLMT) and Occupational Self‐Assessment (OSA) were used.ResultsForty‐nine individuals were enrolled to the study and randomised into IG (n = 24) and CG (n = 25). Two groups were similar at baseline in terms of demographic qualities, OLMT and OSA scores (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the IG showed significant improvements in all assessments (p < 0.05), however the CG showed improvements only in OLMT sub‐tests (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe group‐based intervention program was effective in increasing occupational self‐competence and motivation.
Perceived stress, fatigue symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among young adult college students
Authors: Kalmakis Karen A. , Kent Nicole M. , Alhowaymel Fahad , Chiodo Lisa M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProblemUniversity students experience stress and fatigue often affecting their health, academic success, and social adjustment. Many also have histories of childhood trauma that may result in posttraumatic stress symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between perceptions of stress, symptoms of fatigue, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among university students, many of whom report childhood adversity.MethodsSixty‐nine students from one university campus participated in this study. A cross‐sectional design was used to gather data across six self‐report measures.FindingsChildhood adversity was associated with PTSD symptoms and acute stress, and PTSD symptoms were related to all three measures of fatigue. PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between stress and fatigue, but not other fatigue domains.ConclusionsThe implications of an association between PTSD, stress, and fatigue are relevant to students' health and academic success. It is important to note that even subclinical levels of PTSD impact fatigue.