bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the resource allocation for the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare institutions: a pluralistic perspective
Authors: Arunmozhi Manimuthu , Persis Jinil , Sreedharan V. Raja , Chakraborty Ayon , Zouadi Tarik , Khamlichi Hanane 
Published: November 2021

PurposeAs COVID-19 outbreak has created a global crisis, treating patients with minimum resources and traditional methods has become a hectic task. In this technological era, the rapid growth of coronavirus has affected the countries in lightspeed manner. Therefore, the present study proposes a model to analyse the resource allocation for the COVID-19 pandemic from a pluralistic perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe present study has combined data analytics with theK-mean clustering and probability queueing theory (PQT) and analysed the evolution of COVID-19 all over the world from the data obtained from public repositories. By usingK-mean clustering, partitioning of patients’ records along with their status of hospitalization can be mapped and clustered. AfterK-mean analysis, cluster functions are trained and modelled along with eigen vectors and eigen functions.FindingsAfter successful iterative training, the model is programmed usingRfunctions and given as input to Bayesian filter for predictive model analysis. Through the proposed model, disposal rate; PPE (personal protective equipment) utilization and recycle rate for different countries were calculated.Research limitations/implicationsUsing probabilistic queueing theory and clustering, the study was able to predict the resource allocation for patients. Also, the study has tried to model the failure quotient ratio upon unsuccessful delivery rate in crisis condition.Practical implicationsThe study has gathered epidemiological and clinical data from various government websites and research laboratories. Using these data, the study has identified the COVID-19 impact in various countries. Further, effective decision-making for resource allocation in pluralistic setting has being evaluated for the practitioner's reference.Originality/valueFurther, the proposed model is a two-stage approach for vulnerability mapping in a pandemic situation in a healthcare setting for resource allocation and utilization.
Seven information practices for alleviating information vulnerability
Authors: Potnis Devendra Dilip , Winberry Joseph 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis literature review aims to identify conscious, intentional, repetitive and transferrable information-related decisions and activities (i.e. information practices) for individuals to alleviate their information vulnerability. Information vulnerability refers to the lack of access to accurate, affordable, complete, relevant and timely information or the inability to use such information, which can place individuals, communities or society at disadvantage or hurt them.Design/methodology/approachConceptual literature review.FindingsThis review presents seven conscious, intentional, repetitive and transferrable information practices to alleviate information vulnerability.Practical implicationsDue to the transferability potential of the seven information practices, diverse populations in varied contexts could refer to, adapt and benefit from appropriate combinations of information practices and their manifestations. The framework can be used by individuals for alleviating information vulnerability. Thus, this paper responds to the call for conducting action-driven research in information science for addressing real-world problems. Information professionals can help individuals select and implement appropriate combinations of seven information practices for alleviating information vulnerability.Originality/valueWe propose (1) a parsimonious, episodic framework for alleviating information vulnerability, which depicts the inter-relationship among the seven information practices and (2) a three-dimensional plot with information access, use and value as three axes to map the manifestation and outcome of alleviating information vulnerability.
Lung cancer risk following previous abnormal chest radiographs: A 27‐year follow‐up study of a Chinese lung screening cohort
Authors: Fan Yaguang , Su Zheng , Wei Mengna , Liang Hao , Jiang Yong , Li Xuebing , Meng Zhaowei , Wang Ying , Wu Heng , Song Jinzhao , Qiao Youlin , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundChest radiograph (CXR) is still one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools for chest diseases. In this cohort study, we attempted to investigate the magnitude and temporal pattern of lung cancer risk following abnormal CXR findings.MethodsWe conducted an extended follow‐up of an occupational screening cohort in Yunnan, China. The associations between abnormal CXR results from baseline screening, the first four consecutive rounds of CXR screening, all previous rounds of screening and lung cancer risk were analyzed using time‐varying coefficient Cox regression model. The associations of lung cancer risk and previous CXR‐screening results according to histology were also considered. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the previous abnormal CXR findings on subsequent lung cancer risk.ResultsAbnormal CXR findings were associated with a significantly increased lung cancer risk. This relative hazard significantly decreased over time. Compared to negative screening results, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of baseline abnormal CXR results, and at least one abnormal result in the first four consecutive screening rounds during the first 5 years of follow‐up were 17.06 (95% CI: 11.74–24.79) and 13.77 (95%: 9.58–17.79), respectively. This significantly increased lung cancer risk continued over the next 5 years. These associations were stronger for persistent abnormal findings, and abnormal findings identified in recent screening rounds.ConclusionsThe increased risk was significant for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Although decreased over time, an increased lung cancer risk relative to abnormal CXR findings can continue for 10 years.
Suspensory ligament or interosseous muscle? Histology of the interosseous muscle of South American Camelids
Authors: Schraml Susanne , Barrios Santos William Arthur , Bässler Claus , Mülling Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interosseous muscles (IOM) have evolved to largely collagenized structures in many large grazers, including South American Camelids (SACs). SACs include lama (Lama glama), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and vicuna (Vicugna vicugna). This study reports on a comparative histomorphological evaluation of the IOM in these four species. First, a descriptive qualitative analysis of the tissue composition within the physiological IOM clearly demonstrates that the IOM of all SAC species is predominantly tendinous. However, we can always find a small amount of striated muscle fibres supporting the claim that the term “interosseous muscle” should be preferred over the denomination “suspensory ligament”. Second, we quantify the ratio of muscle tissue (MTr) occupying the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of 80 limbs at three levels and examine it in relation to limb, sample localization and species. Values for MTr are highest at the middle level, ranging from 0.4% to 15.2% with a mean of 3.4% ± 3.2%. We also detect notable amounts of muscle tissue at the distal sample level in the area of the branches of the IOM. Of all SACs, alpacas present the highest MTr. Lamas have a significantly larger MTr than guanacos. These results suggest the influence of domestication and/or physical activity on the muscle tissue content of the IOM of SACs. Amounts and distribution of muscle, adipose and lose connective tissue vary greatly for each sample localization and within individuals of one species. This may complicate the interpretation of MRI images of SACs’ IOM for diagnostic purposes.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the axilla and groin: Outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Bucknell Nicholas W , Gyorki David E , Bressel Mathias , Estall Vanessa , Webb Angela , Henderson Michael , Chua Margaret S‐T , Rischin Danny , Tiong Albert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with metastatic cutaneous SCC metastatic to the axilla and groin when managed with curative‐intent lymphadenectomy and received (neo)adjuvant treatment.Methods and MaterialsWe conducted a single institution retrospective review. Patients who had nodal disease without distant spread were 18 years or older with no non‐cutaneous primary identified.ResultsFrom January 2000 to July 2015, 78 patients were treated for axilla (64, 82%) or inguinal (14, 18%) involvement with cSCC. The median age was 75.5 years (range: 29–95), and 8 patients (11%) were immunosuppressed. The median size of the largest node was 45 mm (range: 8–135), and extracapsular extension was found in 63 (81%) cases. A majority of patients were treated with surgery alone (21, 26.9%) and surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy (54, 69%). The 2‐year OS and PFS were 50% (95% CI: 40%–63%) and 43% (95% CI: 33%–56%), and 5‐year OS and PFS were 33% (95% CI:23%–47%) and 32% (95% CI:22%–46%) respectively in the entire cohort. On univariable analysis, factors associated with longer OS were as follows: younger age (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.3 P = 0.021), improved performance status (HR 1.5, 95% CI:1.0–2.3 P = 0.026), lack of immunosuppression (HR 3.3, 95% CI: 1.5–7.3 P = 0.001), lower lymph node ratio (HR 1.2, 95% CI:1.0–1.3 P = 0.007), lower number of positive nodes (HR 1.1, 95% CI:1.0–1.2 P = 0.004) and the use of radiation therapy (HR 0.5, 95% CI:0.3–0.9 P = 0.012).ConclusionMetastasis to the axilla and groin with cSCC has poor outcomes with standard treatment. The addition of immunotherapy warrants investigation.
Academic freedom and intellectual dissent in post‐soviet Ukraine
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper conceptualizes intellectual dissent as a galvanizer of academic freedom in a post‐totalitarian academia that is moving toward democratization. Drawing on the case of Ukraine, the analytical narrative describes difficulties in overcoming legacies in universities emerging from repressive rule that discouraged creativity, initiative, and critical inquiry, and having to envisage a transition to democratic governance in the context of neoliberal geopolitics. The case analysis suggests that intellectual dissent is essential but limited in its ability to establish the praxis of academic freedom under increasing control by oligarchic governments and a self‐serving bureaucracy. By exploring interdependencies between intellectual dissent and academic freedom, this paper lays ground for an analytical framework that can be helpful in rethinking the prospects of universities at the crossroads of authoritarianism and democracy.
Molecular genetic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia with isolated trisomy of chromosomes 4, 11, and 21
Authors: Zhou Feng , Shen Hongjie , Wang Zheng , Hua Haiying , Wu Pin , Han Wenmin , xia Jia Zhu , Cai Xiaohui , Chao Hongying , Lu Xuzhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal trisomy is a relatively rare abnormality observed in AML, occurring singly or as a secondary event in association with other karyotypic changes, and associated with prognosis. The molecular genetic and clinical characterizations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with isolated trisomy 4, 11, or 21 have been poorly investigated.Materials and MethodsInterphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 41 chromosomal gene translocations/fusion genes, and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) were performed on 29 AML patients with trisomy 4, 11, or 21 as the sole chromosomal anomaly.ResultsOf the 29 patients, one or more mutations were detected in 93.1% of patients. CEBPA had the highest mutation frequency, followed by TET2, NPM1, DNMT3A, and FLT3‐ITD. The sole +11 AML patients exhibited more mutations in FLT3‐ITD (P = .031) than the sole +21 AML patients, while CEBPA mutation was more frequently found in the sole +21 AML patients than that in the sole +11 AML patients(P = .07). The median overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) for patients with +11 were shorter than those with +4(P = .015, 0.046) or +21 (0.057, 0.064), but no difference was found between +4 patients and +21 patients. In the whole cohort, only the FLT3‐ITD mutation was significantly associated with inferior OS (18 vs. 35 months, P = .023) and DFS (12 months vs. NR, P = .046). There were no significant differences in OS and DFS according to the gene mutation status of CEBPA, TET2, NPM1, DNMT3A, and IDH1/2.ConclusionThere was a significantly different mutation profile among the sole +4, +11, +21 AML patients. Our research provided new insight into the molecular characteristics of AML with isolated trisomy.
Intergenerational cardiovascular disease risks among Hispanics living in the United States
Authors: Kobayashi Marissa A. , Lee Tae K. , St. George Sara M. , Lebron Cynthia , Dorcius David , Prado Guillermo , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundFew studies have assessed intergenerational associations of obesity and cardiovascular disease risks from parents to their children among Hispanic Americans.ObjectivesTo assess intergenerational cardiovascular associations among Hispanic families.MethodsUsing baseline data from an obesity‐focused efficacy trial targeting Hispanic adolescents (n = 280) and their parents, we conducted a series of logistic regression analyses to investigate the effects of parental BMI and blood pressure on adolescents' BMI and blood pressure, respectively.ResultsAfter adjusting for significant socio‐demographic variables and adolescents' lifestyle behaviours, adolescents were more than twice as likely to be in the severely obese versus overweight range when their parents had obesity (vs. non‐obese; OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.20, 5.39) and more than twice as likely to be in the severely obese versus obese weight range (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.87) when their parents had obesity. When compared to those with normal blood pressure, adolescents who had parents with elevated blood pressure/hypertension were more than twice as likely to have elevated blood pressure (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.04, 4.00) or be classified as hypertensive stage 1/2 (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.31, 6.01).ConclusionsBoth severe obesity and elevated blood pressure are highly associated among Hispanic parent–child dyads. Findings underscore the potential benefits of intervening with the family system.
Trends in seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and infection fatality rate in the Norwegian population through the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tunheim Gro , Rø Gunnar Øyvind Isaksson , Tran Trung , Kran Anne‐Marte Bakken , Andersen Jan Terje , Vaage Eline Benno , Kolderup Anette , Vaage John Torgils , Lund‐Johansen Fridtjof , Hungnes Olav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfection with the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 induces antibodies that can be used as a proxy for COVID‐19. We present a repeated nationwide cross‐sectional study assessing the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2, the infection fatality rate (IFR), and infection hospitalization rate (IHR) during the first year of the pandemic in Norway.MethodsResidual serum samples were solicited in April/May 2020 (Round 1), in July/August 2020 (Round 2) and in January 2021 (Round 3). Antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured using a flow cytometer‐based assay. Aggregate data on confirmed cases, COVID‐19‐associated deaths and hospitalizations were obtained from the Emergency preparedness registry for COVID‐19 (Beredt C19), and the seroprevalence estimates were used to estimate IFR and IHR.ResultsAntibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured in 4840 samples. The estimated seroprevalence increased from 0.8% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.4%–1.3%) after the first wave of the pandemic (Rounds 1 and 2 combined) to 3.2% (95% CrI 2.3%–4.2%) (Round 3). The IFR and IHR were higher in the first wave than in the second wave and increased with age. The IFR was 0.2% (95% CrI 0.1%–0.3%), and IHR was 0.9% (95% CrI 0.6%–1.5%) for the second wave.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence estimates show a cumulative increase of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections over time in the Norwegian population and suggest some under‐recording of confirmed cases. The IFR and IHR were low, corresponding to the relatively low number of COVID‐19‐associated deaths and hospitalizations in Norway. Most of the Norwegian population was still susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection after the first year of the pandemic.
Hardness and toughness improvement of SiC‐based ceramics with the addition of (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2
Authors: Yuan Jin‐Hao , Guo Wei‐Ming , Liu Yang , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Duan Xiao‐Ming , Jia De‐Chang , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe influences of different contents ranging 0–15 wt% of high‐entropy boride (HEB) (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 on the mechanical properties of SiC‐based ceramics using Al2O3‐Y2O3 sintering additives sintered by spark plasma sintering process were investigated in this study. The results showed that the introduction of 5 and 10 wt% (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 could facilitate the densification and the grain growth of SiC‐based ceramics via the mechanism of liquid phase sintering. However, the grain growth of SiC‐based ceramics was inhibited by the grain boundary pinning effect with the addition of 15 wt% (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2. The SiC‐based ceramics with 15 wt% (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 showed the enhanced hardness (21.9±0.7 GPa) and high toughness (4.88±0.88 MPa·m1/2) as compared with high‐entropy phase‐free SiC‐based ceramics, which exhibited a hardness of 16.6 GPa and toughness of 3.10 MPa·m1/2. The enhancement in mechanical properties was attributed to the addition of higher hardness of HEB phase, crack deflection toughening mechanism, and presence of residual stress due to the mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion.
In‐flash immersion‐and‐quench of yttria‐stabilized zirconia into liquid nitrogen yields an electronic conductor
Authors: Kathiria Rushi K. , Jo Seohyeon , Raj Rishi , Yadav Devinder 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is known that once flash has been triggered with furnace heating, specimens can be held in the state of constant flash, or Stage III, outside the furnace at ambient temperature. The flash is maintained by the current flowing through the specimen. We show that this in‐flash state is further preserved when the specimen is immersed into liquid nitrogen. Furthermore, we show that the nature of the material existing in Stage III can be quenched by turning off the power to the specimen while it is still in immersion. Normally, during furnace cool, the specimens revert to their original state when the flash is turned off. However, yttria‐stabilized zirconia retrieved from in‐flash immersion‐and‐quench is discovered to be electronically conductive at room temperature, at approximately 11 S/m. The conductivity declines somewhat when the specimen is heated slightly above room temperature, suggesting metal‐like behavior. These in‐flash immersed specimens, with their Stage III structure frozen in place, will enable ex‐situ characterization of changes in the crystallographic, chemical, defect and electronic structure induced by flash activation.
Flood susceptibility assessment for ungauged sites in urban areas using spatial modeling
Authors: Masoumi Zohreh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn urban areas, flood susceptibility assessment is of special importance because of the high settlement population, properties, and infrastructures. Geospatial information science (GIS) provides a tool for investigating flood susceptibility based on several aspects including economic damages and critical infrastructures in cities. This study aims to provide a tool based on GIS analyses to support decision‐makers in identifying flood hazards in urban areas, in which previous flood data, flood causative factors, and urban infrastructure data are not adequately available. To assess flood susceptibility in the study area, the related spatial high‐resolution data were produced. Then, flood zones were estimated for different recurrence intervals using meteorological data. Finally, susceptibility was assessed in urban areas for different urban infrastructures using GIS modeling. The model was designed based on the assumption that any critical urban infrastructure, such as power towers, was affected by flood zones and, in addition to flooding, could cause hazards by itself. Moreover, five scenarios were defined to calculate susceptibility when in the problematic locations of the floodway. DoAsb Floodway was chosen as a case study located in Zanjan city, northwest of Iran. The results indicated the high‐susceptible areas around the floodway. Moreover, the flood susceptibility level for each urban infrastructure in the study area was calculated and classified into five classes from low susceptible to very high susceptible. Also, the results of the five scenarios showed if some parts of the floodway had problems, the susceptibility rate would be high. The generated flood susceptibility maps of this model can be used to plan suitable programs in order to avoid flood damage and ensure public safety.
Interprofessional geriatric and palliative care intervention associated with fewer hospital days
Authors: Min Lillian , Saul D'Anna , Firn Janice , Chang Robert , Wiggins Jocelyn , Khateeb Rafina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing complexity of our aging inpatient population, we implemented an interprofessional geriatric and palliative care intervention on a hospitalist service. This study aimed to measure the intervention's impact on length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission, and the daily intensity of inpatient services utilization.MethodsUsing a nonrandomized controlled intervention at a 1000‐bed U.S. academic quaternary medical center, we studied 13,941 individuals admitted to a general medicine hospitalist service (of which 5644 were age > =65 years); 1483 were on intervention teams (576 age > =65 years), 5413 concurrent controls, and 7045 historical controls. On 2 of 11 hospitalist teams, a geriatrician, palliative care physician and social worker attended multidisciplinary discharge rounds twice weekly, to recommend inpatient geriatric or palliative care consult (GPCC), postacute nursing or home care, versus postdischarge outpatient consultation. We measured the difference in improvement over time between intervention and control team patients for the following: (1) LOS adjusted for case‐mix index, (2) 30‐day readmissions, and (3) intensity of hospital service utilization (mean services provided per patient per day).ResultsAdjusted LOS (in hospital days) was decreased by 0.36 days (p = 0.039) for the 1483 patients in the intervention teams, with greater LOS reduction of 0.55 days per admission (p = 0.022) on average among the subset of 576 older patient admissions. Readmissions were unchanged (−1.17%, p = 0.48 for all patients; 1.91%, p = 0.46 for older patients). However, the daily relative value unit (RVU) utilization was modestly increased for both the overall and older subgroup, 0.35 RVUs (p = 0.041) and 0.74 RVUs (p < 0.001) per patient‐day on average across the intervention teams, respectively.ConclusionAn interprofessional intervention of geriatric and palliative care consultation in collaboration with a hospitalist service may reduce LOS, especially for geriatric patients, without an increase in readmissions. This model may have broader implications for hospital care and should be further studied.