bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling Biofilm Resistance of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Against Levofloxacin via Nanotechnology and Essential Oils
Authors: Sarhan Omnia Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The generation of biofilms by bacteria has become a major factor in the rise of antibiotic resistance. Lipid nano-capsules (LNCs) have recently emerged as an innovative platform for drug delivery, due to their unique properties and ability to carry a wide array of therapeutic chemical compounds.

Objectives
The objective of this research was to create, optimize, and evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of a peppermint oil emulsion (o/w) containing levofloxacin against resistant bacteria via biofilm formation.

Methods
Essential oils, particularly peppermint oil known for its antifungal properties, were employed instead of traditional medium chain triglycerides to formulate lipid nanocarriers, utilizing alternating surfactant types (Solutol HS 15 and Cremophor EL) and differing oil to surfactant ratios (2:1 and 1:1). The LFX-LNCs formula, with a 2:1 oil to surfactant ratio, was selected for further investigation due to its physical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and polydispersity index. The antibacterial efficiency of LFX-LNCs was evaluated, revealing their ability to eradicate established biofilms of Gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), as well as Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Results
The mean particle size of LFX-LNCs varied from 30.86 ± 0.54 nm to 68.36 ± 0.56 nm, demonstrating a narrow size distribution, a negative zeta potential (-1.56 ± 0.24 to -20.2 ± 2.15 mV), and a polydispersity index (PDI) ranging from 0.062 ± 0.006 to 0.26 ± 0.002. Lipid nanocapsules generally exhibit a spherical morphology within the nanometric size range when analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity assessment revealed that EL 2:1 exhibited the most significant antimicrobial efficacy, characterized by a reduced particle size and an inhibition zone measuring up to (2.43 ± 0.24 cm), demonstrating promising results against several pathogenic strains, including P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli.

Conclusion
This study illustrates the efficacy of LFX-LNCs in the treatment of non-healing wounds infected with biofilm-forming bacteria.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical outcomes from robotic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in patients under and over 70 years old: a single institution retrospective cohort study with a comprehensive systematic review on behalf of TROGSS - The Robotic Global Surgical Society
Authors: Rivero-Moreno Yeisson , Goyal Aman , Redden-Chirinos Samantha , Bulut Halil , Dominguez-Profeta Rebeca , Munnangi Pujita , Shenoi Jason , Ganguly Paulamy , Blanc Pierre , Alkadam Khalid , Pouwels Sjaak , Taha Safwan , Pascotto Beniamino , Azagra Juan Santiago , Yang Wah , Garcia Andrea , Morfin-Meza Kathia Dayana , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , González-Ojeda Alejandro , Suárez-Carreón Luis Osvaldo , Marano Luigi , Abou-Mrad Adel , Oviedo Rodolfo J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to assess and compare outcomes of robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) in patients under and over 70 years old, performed by a fellowship-trained robotic surgeon at a single institution.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing robotic primary transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair between 2020 and 2022 was conducted. Patients were categorized into two age groups: those under 70 years and 70 years and older. Data were collected through chart reviews with a mean follow-up of 30 days. Concurrently, a systematic review (SR) of relevant high-level literature was carried out.

Results
Among the 37 patients studied, 75.7% (n = 28) were male, with a mean age of 64.8 years. Demographic features did not significantly differ based on age groups. Patients > 70 years had a higher incidence of reported complications (52.3% vs. 87.5%, p < 0.461). There were no differences in operative time or length of stay between the groups. In the SR, only 23.7% (n = 9) of studies provided age-related conclusions. Three studies identified age over 70 as a risk factor for postoperative complications, while two studies suggested that RIHR is feasible and safe in patients aged 80 years and older.

Conclusion
Patients over 70 years old demonstrated a higher incidence of complications compared to younger patients. However, current literature indicates that the robotic approach may offer a safe and minimally invasive option for inguinal hernia repair in both younger and older adults.
Association between malnutrition, depression, anxiety and fatigue after stroke in older adults: a cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Huang Hongmei , Lu Mengxia , Zhang Pan , Xiao Lulu , Zhang Wanqiu , Xu Yingjie , Zhong Jinghui , Dong Yiran , Chao Xian , Fang Yirong , Wang Jinjing , Jiang Shiyi , Zhu Wusheng , Liu Xinfeng , Sun Wen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition, post-stroke depression (PSD), post-stroke anxiety (PSA), and post-stroke fatigue (PSF) in stroke survivors have complex relationships and are associated with adverse stroke outcomes.

Aims
This research aims to explore the temporal and directional relationships between malnutrition, PSD, PSA, and PSF after stroke in older adults.

Methods
Patients aged 65 years and older with their first ischemic stroke from two centers were selected and assessed at baseline, 3 months and 12 months. Malnutrition was evaluated using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). PSD, PSA and PSF were measured with 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA-14) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), respectively. The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was employed to investigate the temporal and directional relationships among these variables.

Results
Among the 381 older patients included, 54.33%, 43.57%, and 7.87% were found to have malnutrition according to the CONUT, GNRI, and PNI scores, respectively. Significant bidirectional relationships were found between malnutrition and PSD, as well as between PSD, PSA, and PSF, but no significant bidirectional relationships between malnutrition, PSA and PSF were observed, irrespective of the malnutrition index used (CONUT, GNRI, or PNI).

Conclusions
Nutritional status and post-stroke neuropsychiatric disorders in older stroke survivors are worthy of attention. Specifically, early malnutrition after stroke can predict later PSD and vice versa. PSD, PSA, and PSF are mutually predictable. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of these findings.
Non-planar degenerations and related fundamental groups
Authors: Amram Meirav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a preliminary investigation of algebraic surfaces that have non-planar degenerations, along with their Galois covers and fundamental groups. Specifically, we investigate the tetrahedron and the double tetrahedron. The resulting fundamental groups indicate that the tetrahedron and the double tetrahedron are in different components of the moduli space of algebraic surfaces.
The Somogyi hypothesis: a parallelism with Michael Somogyi’s life
Authors: González-Vidal Tomás , Ares-Blanco Jessica , Delgado Elías , Menéndez-Torre Edelmiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMichael Somogyi (Somogyi Mihály, 1883–1971) was a Hungarian biochemist who developed his scientific career in Europe and, primarily, the United States. He gave the name to the eponymous Somogyi effect or Somogyi hypothesis (in short, rebound hyperglycemia after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, particularly nocturnal), which was an axiom in the treatment of diabetes for decades. Although it is currently debated whether the Somogyi hypothesis is a real or relevant phenomenon in patients with diabetes, Somogyi's other significant career achievements are often overlooked. The aim of this historical note is to compile and highlight Michael Somogyi's scientific achievements. Michael Somogyi was a pioneer in the administration of insulin to patients with diabetes in the United States and in devising a method for insulin production. In addition, he highlighted the relevance of diet in patients with diabetes and was one of the first chemists to be integrated into clinical laboratories. There, Somogyi standardized long-lasting biological determinations, such as that of amylase, and he was one of the first scientists to combine basic research (from his training as a biochemist) with clinical research in close collaboration with physicians caring for patients, which is what we know today as translational research. Notably, the trajectory of his scientific career resembles the rebound effect of Somogyi's hypothesis: after reaching a low point of work activity well below his professional qualifications, his effort and tenacity led to the aforementioned achievements, and he became part of the history of hypoglycemia and diabetes.
Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is responsible of cocoa crops wilt in Colombia: morphological and molecular characterization of isolates
Authors: Carrero-Gutiérrez Martha Liliana , González-Sayer Sandra , Jaimes-Suárez Yeirme , González-Almario Carolina , González-Almario Adriana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCocoa phytosanitary problems in Colombia are one of the main causes of the decline in cocoa production, with losses that can reach 100% due to inadequate management. Ceratocystis wilt is a prevalent disease affecting cocoa crops in the country, with C. fimbriata identified as its causal agent. However, there are still inconsistencies at the morphological level regarding the causal species, which contradict the causal relationship of the pathogen with the disease, affecting its diagnosis. Studies based on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Ceratocystis species are imperative for reliable identification of the pathogen. The objective of this study was to morphologically and molecularly characterize isolates of Ceratocystis spp. obtained from symptomatic samples in the cocoa-producing regions of Colombia. Morphological characteristics were evaluated at the macro and microscopic levels. Additionally, isolates were identified at the species level through multi-locus analysis and phylogenetic characterization using the β-tubulin (βT-1), guanine nucleotide-binding protein (MS204), second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPBII), and 60 S ribosomal protein L37 (FG1093) gene regions. The results revealed variations in the colony development and microscopic morphology. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses consistently classified all isolates as Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, confirming that this species is the causal agent of cocoa Ceratocystis wilt in Colombia.
Optimization of wheat straw ash for cement replacement in concrete using response surface methodology for enhanced sustainability
Authors: Sudeep Y H , Ujwal M S , Mahesh Raghavendra , Shiva Kumar G. , Vinay A , Ramaraju H. K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research explores the utilization of wheat straw ash (WSA), an agricultural by-product enriched with amorphous silica, as a partial cement replacement in concrete production. The WSA content ranged from 4% to 16% by mass, with water-to-cement (w/c) ratios varying between 0.4 and 0.6. Using response surface methodology (RSM) combined with central composite design, this study optimized mix designs and developed predictive models for key performance indicators, including workability and mechanical properties of concrete. The results demonstrate that an optimal balance of the WSA and a reduced w/c ratio significantly enhance both the workability and mechanical performance of concrete. The pozzolanic reaction between WSA and calcium hydroxide promotes the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. The optimal mix composition, comprising 10.12% w(WSA) with a w/c ratio of 0.45, achieved a desirability score of 71.83%. This ground-breaking research underscores the viability of WSA as a supplementary cementitious material, offering a sustainable solution for concrete production while simultaneously enhancing its workability and mechanical properties.
On affine multicolor urns grown under multiple drawing
Authors: Sparks Joshua , Kuba Markus , Balaji Srinivasan , Mahmoud Hosam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Early investigation of Pólya urns considered drawing balls one at a time. In the last two decades, several authors have considered multiple drawing in each step, but mostly for schemes involving two colors. In this manuscript, we consider multiple drawing from urns of balls of multiple colors, formulating asymptotic theory for specific urn classes and addressing more applications. The class we consider is affine and tenable, built around a ‘core’ square matrix. We examine cases where the urn is irreducible and demonstrate its relationship to matrix irreducibility for its core matrix, with examples provided. An index for the drawing schema is derived from the eigenvalues of the core. We identify three regimes: small, critical, and large index. In the small-index regime, we find an asymptotic Gaussian law. In the critical-index regime, we also find an asymptotic Gaussian law, albeit with a difference in the scale factor, which involves logarithmic terms. In both of these regimes, we have explicit forms for the structure of the mean and the covariance matrix of the composition vector (both exact and asymptotic). In all three regimes we have strong laws.
Distinct Hadean Mantle Sources of Felsic and Mafic Terranes Juxtaposed in the Paleoarchean
Authors: Ravindran Arathy , Peters Bradley J. , Mezger Klaus , Hasenstab‐Dübeler Eric , J. M. Maya , Schönbächler Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe short‐lived radionuclide system 146Sm‐142Nd can provide direct information about geological differentiation events in the terrestrial Hadean (>4.0 Ga) mantle. The spatiotemporal formation and evolution of crustal material that formed from different mantle domains can constrain the existing geodynamic environment in which continental crust formed and plate tectonics was initiated. The coupled 146,147Sm‐142,143Nd isotope systematics of contemporaneous felsic and mafic‐ultramafic igneous rock suites emplaced in the western Dharwar Craton (India) at ∼3.6 Ga record distinct Hadean mantle differentiation events in their source. The older mantle differentiation at Ga ago is recorded in the felsic rock suites. The most primitive crustal representatives alone yield a differentiation age of Ga. This early Hadean event is contemporaneous with the large silicate differentiation event recorded globally by Archean rocks. In contrast, the contemporaneous mafic‐ultramafic suites from the Dharwar Craton record a later mantle differentiation event at Ga. Thus, distinct Hadean mantle differentiation events are preserved in coeval Archean felsic and mafic‐ultramafic igneous rock suites from a single location. The large spread in the isotope ratios in the differentiated felsic suites of the craton is likely related to the mixing of differentiated precursor material with other reservoirs prior to the formation of the first continental crust. The juxtaposition of coeval felsic and mafic crusts, each ultimately derived from mantle domains that evolved spatially and chemically separately for up to 1.1 Ga, implies the onset of lateral movement of lithospheric plates by ∼3.6 Ga.
The Effects of Characteristic Weakening Distance on Earthquake Nucleation Styles in Fully Dynamic Seismic Cycle Simulations
Authors: Zhai Peng , Huang Yihe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarthquake nucleation is a crucial preparation process of the following coseismic rupture propagation. Under the framework of rate‐and‐state friction (RSF), it was found that the ratios of to parameters control whether earthquakes nucleate as an expanding crack or with a fixed length prior to the dynamic instability. However, the characteristic weakening distance controls the weakening efficiency of state variables in RSF and can influence the nucleation styles as well. Here we investigate the effects of on nucleation styles in the context of fully dynamic seismic cycles by evaluating the evolution of the nucleation zone quantitatively when it accelerates from the tectonic loading rate to seismic slip velocity. A larger (>0.75) is needed to produce expanding crack nucleation styles for relatively small , which suggests that fixed length nucleation styles may dominate on natural and laboratory faults. Furthermore, we find a more complex nucleation style when the nucleation site is not in the center of the asperity and identify a twin‐like nucleation style which includes two initial acceleration phases. We conclude that the earthquake nucleation style is strongly controlled by the value of . The possible dominance of fixed length nucleation styles suggests that the minimum size of earthquake rupture may be estimated at the early stage of the nucleation phase.
Influence of Ocean Model Horizontal Resolution on the Representation of Global Annual‐To‐Multidecadal Coastal Sea Level Variability
Authors: Little Christopher M. , Yeager Stephen G. , Ponte Rui M. , Chang Ping , Kim Who M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEmerging high‐resolution global ocean climate models are expected to improve both hindcasts and forecasts of coastal sea level variability by better resolving ocean turbulence and other small‐scale phenomena. To examine this hypothesis, we compare annual to multidecadal coastal sea level variability over the 1993–2018 period, as observed by tide gauges and as simulated by two identically forced ocean models, at (LR) and (HR) horizontal resolution. Differences between HR and LR, and misfits with tide gauges, are spatially coherent at regional alongcoast scales. Resolution‐related improvements are largest in, and near, marginal seas. Near attached western boundary currents, sea level variance is several times greater in HR than LR, but correlations with observations may be reduced, due to intrinsic ocean variability. Globally, in HR simulations, intrinsic variability comprises from zero to over 80% of coastal sea level variance. Outside of eddy‐rich regions, simulated coastal sea level variability is generally damped relative to observations. We hypothesize that weak coastal variability is related to large‐scale, remotely forced, variability; in both HR and LR, tropical sea level variance is underestimated by 50% relative to satellite altimetric observations. Similar coastal dynamical regimes (e.g., attached western boundary currents) exhibit a consistent sensitivity to horizontal resolution, suggesting that these findings are generalizable to regions with limited coastal observations.
Coupled High‐Resolution Land‐Atmosphere Modeling for Hydroclimate and Terrestrial Hydrology in Alaska and the Yukon River Basin (1990–2021)
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Craig Anthony , Musselman Keith , Bennett Andrew , Seefeldt Mark , Hamman Joseph , Newman Andrew J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology greatly influence the local community, ecosystem, and economy in Alaska and Yukon River Basin. A high‐resolution simulation of the historical climate in Alaska can provide an important benchmark for climate change studies. In this study, we utilized the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) and conducted coupled land‐atmosphere modeling for Alaska and Yukon River Basin at 4‐km grid spacing. In RASM, the land model was replaced with the Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) given its comprehensive process representations for cold regions. The microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) atmospheric model were manually tuned for optimal model performance. This study aims to maintain good model performance for both hydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology, especially streamflow, which was rarely a priority in coupled models. Therefore, we implemented a strategy of iterative testing and optimization of CTSM. A multi‐decadal climate data set (1990–2021) was generated using RASM with optimized land parameters and manually tuned WRF microphysics. When evaluated against multiple observational data sets, this data set well captures the climate statistics and spatial distributions for five key weather variables and hydrologic fluxes, including precipitation, air temperature, snow fraction, evaporation‐to‐precipitation ratios, and streamflow. The simulated precipitation shows wet bias during the spring season and simulated air temperatures exhibit dampened seasonality with warm biases in winter and cold biases in summer. We used transfer entropy to investigate the discrepancy in connectivity of hydrologic and energy fluxes between the offline CTSM and coupled models, which contributed to their discrepancy in streamflow simulations.
The Role of WISHE in the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Hinnamnor (2022)
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhao Dajun , Xu Hongxiong , Wang Qian , Liang Jia , Yen Tzu‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, the role of the wind‐induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) in rapid intensification (RI) is investigated in a numerical model. During the development of Hinnamnor, its energy growth rate (EGR) continuously increases as RI progresses. After Hinnamnor reaches its maximum intensity, although its EGR weakens a little, it remains relatively large. If it had not been for the influence of the external environment (such as the tropical depression), its maximum intensity would have been far greater than the actual maximum intensity (140 knots). As the WISHE effect progressively weakens, the number of convective bursts (CBs) gradually diminishes. This, in turn, gives rise to a corresponding weakening of the warm core and a subsequent delay in the start time of the axisymmetrization of the inner core, thereby affecting the intensification rate of the vortex and the final maximum intensity. Consequently, the start time of RI is also correspondingly postponed. Differing from the maximum potential intensity theory, when the EGR approaches zero, a TC does not immediately reach its maximum intensity. Instead, it attains its peak intensity approximately 12 hr later. During this additional 12 hr period, the number of CBs continues to increase, the warm core keeps on strengthening and the inner core continues its progress toward axisymmetric until the end of the RI process. This indicates that the dynamical and thermodynamical processes are also of great importance during the RI stage.
Tough polymer gels reinforced by strain-induced crystallization
Authors: Mayumi Koichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently, we reported that strain-induced crystallization (SIC) of the polymer chains occurs in homogeneous polymer gels, such as slide-ring gels and Tri-/Tetra-PEG gels, with sufficiently high polymer concentrations. SIC significantly improves the mechanical toughness of homogeneous gels. Polymer crystals form and dissolve immediately after the polymer gels are stretched and unstretched. The quick formation and dissolution of the strain-induced crystals leads to elastic mechanical responses with minimal hysteresis under cyclic stretching. Tough and elastic polymer gels have potential applications in biomedical materials (ex. artificial ligaments and tendons) and soft electric devices (ex. soft actuators and flexible batteries) under repeated deformation.