bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a vancomycin dosing protocol guided by area under the concentration-time curve to minimal inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) with multidisciplinary team support to improve hospital-wide adherence to a vancomycin dosing protocol: A pilot study
Authors: Katawethiwong Panipak , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Jantarathaneewat Kittiya , Weber David J. , Warren David K. , Suwantarat Nuntra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground:Limited data are available on the implementation of an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)–based dosing protocol with multidisciplinary team (MT) support to improve adherence with vancomycin dosing protocol.Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of an AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support intervention with adherence to a hospital-wide vancomycin dosing protocol at Thammasat University Hospital.Method:We conducted a quasi-experimental study in patients who were prescribed intravenous vancomycin. The study was divided into 2 periods; (1) the preintervention period when the vancomycin dosing protocol was already applied in routine practice and (2) the post-intervention period when the implementation of an AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support was added to the existing vancomycin dosing protocol. The primary outcome was the rate of adherence, and the secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury events, vancomycin-related adverse events, and 30-day mortality rate.Results:In total, 240 patients were enrolled. The most common infections were skin and soft-tissue infections (24.6%) and bacteremia (24.6%). The most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (19.6%) and Enterococcus spp (15.4%). Adherence with the vancomycin dosing protocol was significantly higher in the postintervention period (90.8% vs 55%; P ≤ .001). By multivariate analysis, an AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support was the sole predictor for adherence with the vancomycin dosing protocol (adjusted odds ratio, 10.31; 95% confidence interval, 4.54–23.45; P ≤ .001). The 30-day mortality rate was significantly lower during the postintervention period (8.3% vs 20%; P = .015).Conclusions:AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support significantly improved adherence with vancomycin dosing protocol and was associated with a lower 30-day mortality rate.
Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe
Authors: BUSEMEYER MARIUS R. , SAHM ALEXANDER H. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRapid technological change – the digitalization and automation of work – is challenging contemporary welfare states. Most of the existing research, however, focuses on its effect on labor market outcomes, such as employment or wage levels. In contrast, this paper studies the implications of technological change for welfare state attitudes and preferences. Compared to previous work on this topic, this paper adopts a much broader perspective regarding different kinds of social policy. Using data from the European Social Survey, we find that individual automation risk is positively associated with support for redistribution, but negatively with support for social investment policies (partly depending on the specific measure of automation risk that is used), while there is no statistically significant association with support for basic income. We also find a moderating effect of the overall size of the welfare state on the micro-level association between risk and preferences.
THE GENERIC FIBRE OF MODULI SPACES OF BOUNDED LOCAL G-SHTUKAS
Authors: Hartl Urs , Viehmann Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModuli spaces of bounded local G-shtukas are a group-theoretic generalisation of the function field analogue of Rapoport and Zink’s moduli spaces of p-divisible groups. In this article we generalise some very prominent concepts in the theory of Rapoport-Zink spaces to our setting. More precisely, we define period spaces, as well as the period map from a moduli space of bounded local G-shtukas to the corresponding period space, and we determine the image of the period map. Furthermore, we define a tower of coverings of the generic fibre of the moduli space, which is equipped with a Hecke action and an action of a suitable automorphism group. Finally, we consider the
$\ell $
-adic cohomology of these towers.Les espaces de modules de G-chtoucas locaux bornés sont une généralisation des espaces de modules de groupes p-divisibles de Rapoport-Zink, au cas d’un corps de fonctions local, pour des groupes plus généraux et des copoids pas nécessairement minuscules. Dans cet article nous définissons les espaces de périodes et l’application de périodes associés à un tel espace, et nous calculons son image. Nous étudions la tour au-dessus de la fibre générique de l’espace de modules, équipée d’une action de Hecke ainsi que d’une action d’un groupe d’automorphismes. Enfin, nous définissons la cohomologie
$\ell $
-adique de ces tours.
Monopoly as a ‘culture-history fact’: Knight, Menger, and the role of institutions
Authors: Salerno Joseph T. , Dorobat Carmen Elena , McCaffrey Matthew C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrank Knight's theory of monopoly price has received relatively little attention in the literature onRisk, Uncertainty and Profit. We argue that Knight accepted and refined the monopoly price theory of Carl Menger and his followers. Knight highlights the difference between monopoly as an inevitable outcome of departures from perfect competition, and monopoly as a contingent or ‘culture-history fact’. In the latter case, coercive institutional barriers to potential competition shape the choice set of consumers and producers, and provide a crucial method for identifying monopoly gains. There are three benefits to this account of Knight's contributions: it rehabilitates the focus on the institutional determinants of monopoly price, as opposed to the mainstream emphasis on market frictions and imperfections; it opens the way for a Mengerian monopoly price theory that seriously engages the study of institutions; and it adds new evidence and nuance to ongoing debates about Knight's place in economics.
Roman Numerals in Spanish Primary Education
Authors: Regagliolo Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article illustrates the importance of teaching Roman numerals, a component of a Latin language programme, as part of a Maths curriculum in a Spanish primary school. The aim is to contextualise the topic with concrete examples, supported by ancient Roman objects such as the milestone. The author discusses the relevance of a more integrated cross-curricular lesson to teach Roman numerals so that students better understand their use and make comparisons between ancient Roman and more modern traditions and culture, and to understand Roman influences on the modern age. Lastly, the author describes a teaching experiment in a Spanish primary school using some ad hoc materials to fulfil the aim of the study. The study outlines the positive results of integrating Roman numerals within the Maths lesson and shows that the students gained a richer and more valuable learning experience as they made reference to the concrete objects.
Characterization of carinata tolerance to select herbicides using field dose-response studies
Authors: Ethridge Sandra R. , Post Angela , Devkota Pratap , Mulvaney Michael J. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractField experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 to determine the tolerance of carinata to several preemergence and postemergence herbicides. Preliminary screenings identified herbicides that caused large variation on carinata injury, indicating the potential for selectivity. Dose-response field studies were conducted to quantify the tolerance of carinata to select herbicides. Diuron applied preemergence at rates of 280 g ai ha−1 or higher reduced carinata population density 54% to 84% compared to the nontreated control. In certain locations, clomazone applied preemergence caused minor injury with an acceptable level of carinata tolerance and only doses above 105 g ai ha−1 caused yield reductions. Napropamide doses of 2,856 g ai ha−1 or higher applied preemergence caused at least 25% injury to carinata; however, the damage was not severe enough to reduce yields. Simazine applied postemergence at rates above 1,594 g ai ha−1 caused 50% or more injury, resulting in yield losses ranging from 0% to 95% depending on location. Clopyralid applied postemergence at 2,512 g ai ha−1 caused 25% injury with relative yield reductions, which varied across locations. The present study identified clomazone and napropamide applied preemergence, and clopyralid applied postemergence as potential herbicides for weed control in carinata. In contrast, diuron, simazine, metribuzin, imazethapyr, and chlorimuron caused high levels of carinata mortality and can be used to control volunteer carinata plants in rotational crops.
A novel neck brace to characterize neck mobility impairments following neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Chang Biing-Chwen , Zhang Haohan , Long Sallie , Obayemi Adetokunbo , Troob Scott H. , Agrawal Sunil K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
This article introduces a dynamic neck brace to measure the full range of motion (RoM) of the head–neck. This easy-to-wear brace was used, along with surface electromyography (EMG), to study changes in movement characteristics after neck dissection (ND) in a clinical setting.

Methods
The brace was inspired by the head–neck anatomy and was designed based on the head–neck movement of 10 healthy individuals. A 6 degrees-of-freedom open-chain structure was adopted to allow full RoM of the head–neck with respect to the shoulders. The physical model was realized by 3D printed materials and inexpensive sensors. Five subjects, who underwent unilateral selective ND, were assessed preoperative and postoperative using this prototype during the head–neck motions. Concurrent EMG measurements of their sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and trapezius muscles were made.

Results
Reduced RoM during lateral bending on both sides of the neck was observed after surgery, with a mean angle change of 8.03° on the dissected side (95% confidence intervals [CI], 3.11–12.94) and 9.29° on the nondissected side (95% CI, 4.88–13.69), where CI denotes the confidence interval. Axial rotation showed a reduction in the RoM by 5.37° (95% CI, 2.34–8.39) on the nondissection side. Neck extension showed a slight increase in the RoM by 3.15° (95% CI, 0.81–5.49) postoperatively.

Conclusions
This brace may serve as a simple but useful tool in the clinic to document head–neck RoM changes in patients undergoing ND. Such a characterization may help clinicians evaluate the surgical procedure and guide the recovery of patients.
Large Seasonal and Habitat Differences in Methane Ebullition on the Amazon Floodplain
Authors: Barbosa Pedro M. , Melack John M. , Amaral João H. F. , Linkhorst Annika , Forsberg Bruce R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical floodplains are an important source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, and ebullitive fluxes are likely to be important. We report direct measurements of CH4 ebullition in common habitats on the Amazon floodplain over two years based on floating chambers that allowed detection of bubbles, and submerged bubble traps. Ebullition was highly variable in space and time. Of the 840 floating chamber measurements (equivalent to 8,690 min of 10‐min deployments), 22% captured bubbles. Ebullitive CH4 fluxes, measured using bubble traps deployed for a total of approximately 230 days, ranged from 0 to 109 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1, with a mean of 4.4 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1. During falling water, a hydroacoustic echosounder detected bubbles in 24% of the 70‐m segments over 34 km. Ebullitive flux increased as the water level fell faster during falling water periods. In flooded forests, highest ebullitive fluxes occurred during falling water, while in open water and herbaceous plant habitats, higher ebullitive fluxes were measured during low water periods. The contribution of diffusive plus ebullitive CH4 flux represented by ebullition varied from 1% (high and rising water in open water of the lake) to 93% (falling water in flooded forests) based on bubble traps. Combining ebullitive and diffusive fluxes among habitats in relation to variations in water depth and areal coverage of aquatic habitats provides the basis for improved floodplain‐wide estimates of CH4 evasion.
Microstructure Analysis on the Fracture Network in High‐Rank Coals
Authors: Lyu Shuaifeng , Chen Xiaojun , Li Rui , Wang Shengwei , Liu Jie , Shen Penglei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrofractures in the coal matrix have complex spatial structure because of the joint effects of coalification and tectonism. The accurate modeling and characterization of microfractures directly affect mechanism analysis of coal rock fracturing and mining. In this study, taking the high‐rank coal in the north of Qinshui Basin, structural characteristics of microfracture in intact and tectonic coals were analyzed systematically using 2D thin section, 3D micro‐CT modeling and mercury intrusion based on digital image analysis and fractal theory. The result indicates that the response sensitivity of fractal parameters obtained from different methods to microfractures from two types of coal structures is different greatly. Single fractal dimension (Df) in tectonic coal is higher than that of intact coal. Specially, for 2D thin sections, the indicative effect on the Df of manually corrected images is better than that of automatically extracted and linear ones. Df has a positive correlation with the pixel‐based microfracture porosity, as well as generalized fractal parameters. Moreover, microfracture permeability based on the Cubic‐Law increases with the increase of Df. For 3D micro‐CT modeling, the classical Watershed algorithm cannot segment the spatial microfracture network, which, however, can be segmented and characterized by the self‐developed FracSC3D program. Spatial microstructural parameters including volume, surface and length at three‐axis directions meet bifractal characteristics. Specially, for 2D micro‐CT slices, with the increase of porosity, the multifractal spectrum width Δα also increased. Besides, the fractal parameter based on Menger model from mercury intrusion experiment can act as a good indicator for identifying microfractures, flow pores and diffusion pores.
The Geologically Supervised Spectral Investigation as a Key Methodology for Identifying Volcanically Active Areas on Venus
Authors: D'Incecco P. , Filiberto J. , López I. , Gorinov D. A. , Komatsu G. , Martynov A. , Pisarenko P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCombining geologic mapping and stratigraphic reconstruction of lava flows at Sapas, Maat and Ozza Montes, three potentially young volcanic structures of Atla Regio on Venus, with analysis of the spectral signature (radar emissivity anomalies) characterizing each mapped flow, Brossier et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006722), conclude that some of the lava flows at Maat Mons may be geologically recent (∼25 Ma) (Smrekar et al., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1186785; D'Incecco et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2016.12.002; Zolotov, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1515/rmg.2018.84.10; Brossier et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113693, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006722). The lava flows of Sapas and Ozza Montes are consistent with weathered lava flows forming chlorapatite and some perovskite oxides. We discuss the reasons why, besides the importance of the results they obtained, the methodology they used can be very valuable for future investigations with higher resolution datasets.
Mixed T cell lineage chimerism in acute leukemia/MDS using pre-emptive donor lymphocyte infusion strategy—Is it prognostic?—a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Sheth Vipul , Potter Victoria , de Lavallade Hugues , Gandhi Shreyans , Kulasekararaj Austin , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Mehra Varun , Dazzi Francesco , Mufti Ghulam , Pagliuca Antonio , Mclornan Donal , Raj Kavita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPre-emptive DLI (pDLI) is an effective strategy in lowering the risk of relapse without significantly increasing the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the case of T cell lineage mixed chimerism (MC) post allogeneic transplant in hematological malignancies. Many patients, however, fail to receive timely pDLI and have dismal outcomes, which are not taken into consideration. We compared long-term outcomes of 106 patients having T cell MC after day 60 and undergoing allogeneic stem cell allograft for acute leukemia from an unrelated donor (UD), with 111 patients having complete chimerism (CC). Fifty-three (56%) patients received prophylactic pDLI. Thirty-six patients (67%) had a response (RR), 17 (33%) had no response (NR), and fifty-two (54%) did not receive any pDLI (ND). OS was better in MC group as compared to CC (54% vs 43%, p = 0.04), mainly due to reduction in NRM (14% vs 25%, p = 0.05), and all grade acute and chronic GVHD. Within the MC group, response to pDLI was the only significant factor predicting OS, DFS, and relapses with NR and ND having unfavorable outcomes as compared to RR (p = 0.001). T cell MC in patients undergoing UD allografts with alemtuzumab is no longer an adverse prognostic factor, as compared to patients having CC, after timely implementation of pDLI.
The case of a patient with MIRAGE syndrome with familial dysautonomia-like symptoms
Authors: Kawashima-Sonoyama Yuki , Okuno Keisuke , Dohmoto Tomotsune , Tanase-Nakao Kanako , Narumi Satoshi , Namba Noriyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a case of posthumously diagnosed MIRAGE syndrome (Myelodysplasia, Infection, Restriction of growth, Adrenal hypoplasia, Genital problems, and Enteropathy) in a girl with a new pathogenic SAMD9 variant (p.F437S), who was initially considered to have familial dysautonomia (FD)-like disease due to increased levels of catecholamine metabolites. Functional analyses of F437S-SAMD9 were performed, showing characteristics of disease-causing variants. This new SAMD9 variant (p.F437S) also causes MIRAGE syndrome.
Distinct pathways of homologous recombination controlled by the SWS1–SWSAP1–SPIDR complex
Authors: Prakash Rohit , Sandoval Thomas , Morati Florian , Zagelbaum Jennifer A. , Lim Pei-Xin , White Travis , Taylor Brett , Wang Raymond , Desclos Emilie C. B. , Sullivan Meghan R. , Rein Hayley L. , Bernstein Kara A. , Krawczyk Przemek M. , Gautier Jean , Modesti Mauro , Vanoli Fabio , Jasin Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHomology-directed repair (HDR), a critical DNA repair pathway in mammalian cells, is complex, leading to multiple outcomes with different impacts on genomic integrity. However, the factors that control these different outcomes are often not well understood. Here we show that SWS1–SWSAP1-SPIDR controls distinct types of HDR. Despite their requirement for stable assembly of RAD51 recombinase at DNA damage sites, these proteins are not essential for intra-chromosomal HDR, providing insight into why patients and mice with mutations are viable. However, SWS1–SWSAP1-SPIDR is critical for inter-homolog HDR, the first mitotic factor identified specifically for this function. Furthermore, SWS1–SWSAP1-SPIDR drives the high level of sister-chromatid exchange, promotes long-range loss of heterozygosity often involved with cancer initiation, and impels the poor growth of BLM helicase-deficient cells. The relevance of these genetic interactions is evident as SWSAP1 loss prolongs Blm-mutant embryo survival, suggesting a possible druggable target for the treatment of Bloom syndrome.
Profiling variable-number tandem repeat variation across populations using repeat-pangenome graphs
Authors: Lu Tsung-Yu ,   The Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium, Munson Katherine M. , Lewis Alexandra P. , Zhu Qihui , Tallon Luke J. , Devine Scott E. , Lee Charles , Eichler Evan E. , Chaisson Mark J. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVariable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are composed of consecutive repetitive DNA with hypervariable repeat count and composition. They include protein coding sequences and associations with clinical disorders. It has been difficult to incorporate VNTR analysis in disease studies that use short-read sequencing because the traditional approach of mapping to the human reference is less effective for repetitive and divergent sequences. In this work, we solve VNTR mapping for short reads with a repeat-pangenome graph (RPGG), a data structure that encodes both the population diversity and repeat structure of VNTR loci from multiple haplotype-resolved assemblies. We develop software to build a RPGG, and use the RPGG to estimate VNTR composition with short reads. We use this to discover VNTRs with length stratified by continental population, and expression quantitative trait loci, indicating that RPGG analysis of VNTRs will be critical for future studies of diversity and disease.
Intergenerational nutrition benefits of India’s national school feeding program
Authors: Chakrabarti Suman , Scott Samuel P. , Alderman Harold , Menon Purnima , Gilligan Daniel O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndia has the world’s highest number of undernourished children and the largest school feeding program, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme. As school feeding programs target children outside the highest-return “first 1000-days” window, they have not been included in the global agenda to address stunting. School meals benefit education and nutrition in participants, but no studies have examined whether benefits carry over to their children. Using nationally representative data on mothers and their children spanning 1993 to 2016, we assess whether MDM supports intergenerational improvements in child linear growth. Here we report that height-for-age z-score (HAZ) among children born to mothers with full MDM exposure was greater (+0.40 SD) than that in children born to non-exposed mothers. Associations were stronger in low socioeconomic strata and likely work through women’s education, fertility, and health service utilization. MDM was associated with 13–32% of the HAZ improvement in India from 2006 to 2016.
TSC2 regulates lysosome biogenesis via a non-canonical RAGC and TFEB-dependent mechanism
Authors: Alesi Nicola , Akl Elie W. , Khabibullin Damir , Liu Heng-Jia , Nidhiry Anna S. , Garner Emma R. , Filippakis Harilaos , Lam Hilaire C. , Shi Wei , Viswanathan Srinivas R. , Morroni Manrico , Ferguson Shawn M. , Henske Elizabeth P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is caused by TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, resulting in hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, is negatively regulated by mTORC1 through a RAG GTPase-dependent phosphorylation. Here we show that lysosomal biogenesis is increased in TSC-associated renal tumors, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, kidneys from Tsc2+/− mice, and TSC1/2-deficient cells via a TFEB-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, in TSC1/2-deficient cells, TFEB is hypo-phosphorylated at mTORC1-dependent sites, indicating that mTORC1 is unable to phosphorylate TFEB in the absence of the TSC1/2 complex. Importantly, overexpression of folliculin (FLCN), a GTPase activating protein for RAGC, increases TFEB phosphorylation at the mTORC1 sites in TSC2-deficient cells. Overexpression of constitutively active RAGC is sufficient to relocalize TFEB to the cytoplasm. These findings establish the TSC proteins as critical regulators of lysosomal biogenesis via TFEB and RAGC and identify TFEB as a driver of the proliferation of TSC2-deficient cells.