bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key sectors and inter-sectoral linkages in economic development in East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Anwar  , Dipokusumo Bambang , Sjah Taslim , Mahyuddin  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sectors developed in a regency should have strong links with other domestic economic sectors. This study examines the key sectors and their interrelationship in the East Lombok Regency registration. The data used is Input-Output Table on 2013 West Nusa Tenggara Province. The results showed there are ten economic sectors which key to economic development in East Lombok Regency. Considering the authority of the local government, the populist-based economic sectors such as the food and beverage industry, restaurants, poultry, shallots, the textile industry, and broilers are priority industries. So to accelerate the growth of economic output required government policies that can encourage key economic sector actors that have strong backward and forward linkages to increase their business activities. Besides that, an incentive policy is needed for key economic sector actors such as tax exemptions to be more motivated in carrying out their business activities. This is intended to increase output demand for other sectors.
Welfare analysis of price stabilization: a case study of small chili in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zaini A , Siddik M , Rukmana D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As one among others strategic commodity in which its price often fluctuate seasonally, price stabilization of chili commodity is conducted through import regulation. This research aims at analyzing the welfare impacts of this price stabilization policy by utilizing monthly time series data of 2012-2016. Data were then analyzed using Eviews 6.0 software package. The simultaneous equation model and two-stage least square (TSLS) estimation technique were undertaken. Results conclude that the source of chili price instability comes from a supply shock. Moreover, price stabilization policy has benefitted producers/farmers, consumers, and society as a whole indicated by the positive sign of their welfare gains.
Collaboration practice in supply chain of unshu citrus in Muchacha-En, Ltd, Japan
Authors: Ahrisa D , Arhim M , Arsyad M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new concept in supply chain management stressed the importance of forming collaboration among supply chain actors to provide the supply chain efficiently and effectively. This study aims to identify and analyze the collaboration practice in the supply chain of Unshu Citrus in Muchacha-En, Ltd Japan. The study was conducted in a paired sample between partner farmers and Muchacha-En, Ltd, from August 2014 until January 2015 in Akehama Town, Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Sampling was obtained by purposive sampling to determine the characteristic which represents 75 partner farmers and three staffs from the company. The descriptive explanation for depicting an outlook of supply chain practice in Muchacha-En, Ltd among farmers to three supply styles in general and between farmer and Muchacha-En, Ltd supply chain practice in particular. Collaboration between farmers and Muchacha-En, Ltd is one of three forms of the supply chain, which is the main focus of this study showed that maintaining the effectiveness and efficiency of cooperation to support the supply chain performance are successfully committed by both parties. Through this collaboration, it is also confirmed that convenience and satisfaction in partnering moderated the customer demand for organic Unshu Citrus.
Income and marketing analysis of potato farming in Modoinding subdistrict South Minahasa regency
Authors: Kaunang Rine , Dumais Joachim , Kumaat Ribka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modoinding Subdistrict is the one of the potato plantation center in South Minahasa Regengency. In this subdistrict, generally farmer plants potato. The potato farming in this subdistrict has the problems related with the objective of the farming to increase the income. The problem related with the farmer’s income is the low of potato plantation productivity and farmer’s share will affect the farmer’s income to make it lower. The other problem is the the marketing problem where the farmer as a producer do not have a high bargaining position because the farmer is only a pricetaker so that his income is low. The objective of this research is to : (1) to investigate an to analyze the potato farming income in Modoinding Sub district, (2) toidentify institution, channel and function of potato marketing in Modoinding Subdistrict, (3) to investigate and to analyze potato marketing efficiency in Modoinding Subdistrict. The research result shoed that (1) there was a difference between the level of the potato farmer income that planted Superjohn Variety and Granola L., (2) there were 4 marketing channel conducted in Modoinding Subdistrict.
Production and farm business income comparative analysis on rice fields in watersheds with non-watersheds at Lanna Village, Parangloe sub-district, Gowa Regency
Authors: Fahmid I M , Lumoindong Y , Lanuhu N , Sahara E D , Hayati  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Natural resources, which optimally and rationally utilized, aims to increase the people’s welfare. Nevertheless, the wise use of natural resources is part of the maintenance in the watersheds area (DAS). This study wants to: 1) identifying the rice farmers’ income and how much cost they spend, which located in watersheds or non-watersheds areas; 2) to discover the comparative of farm business income in watersheds or non-watersheds area. This study conducted in Lanna Village, Parangloe Sub-district, Gowa Regency. The population used in this study is all farmers involved in watersheds and non-watersheds area, and 30 farmers have chosen to be the sample. This study used the income analysis and independent sample t- test. The income analysis result shows that the farmer’s income in the watershed area is Rp23.833.435,72. Meanwhile, farmer’s income in the non-watershed area numbered at Rp 22.867.569,71. The assumed T-Equal Variance value is 0,848 with Sig. (2-tailed) is 0,404 or greater than 0,05. In conclusion, there’s no income difference between farmers in the watershed and non-watershed area.
Revenue analysis of mobile rice milling business
Authors: Salam M , Fudjaja L , Darma R , Diansari P , Viantika N M , M Nafisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research to determine the income of a mobile rice milling business in Batulappa Village, Wattang Pulu District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Analysis of the data used is income analysis, which is the difference between revenue and total costs. Revenue is obtained from the number of products multiplied by the price. For total costs obtained from the sum of fixed costs and variable costs. The results showed the average annual income was Rp. 222,280,000, and the total cost is Rp. 130,920,278. - so an annual income of Rp. 91,359,722.
Value chain analysis of Toraja coffee
Authors: Salam M , Viantika N M , Amiruddin A , Pinontoan F Maureen , Rahmatullah R Akbar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Toraja Coffee is one of the most famous coffee in the world, which was produced in the Tana Toraja Regency. Although its level of production is not too high, this coffee has a high demand from connoisseur around the world. The problems that occurs at this time is that coffee plantations are generally in poor condition because of the limitations of farmers in capital, knowledge, cultivation, and management of results. Using the Value Chain Analysis might help to find out how far the role of each stakeholder involved which is directly related to the benefits received by each stakeholder. Thus, it will be able to provide supporting data to make some policies that can be taken to improve the value chain that is still considered as an inappropriate value chain. This study aims to analyze the value chain of the Toraja coffee commodity. The study was conducted in Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi in 2018. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive which is used to analyze the total costs, revenues, revenues, and margins obtained by each value chain actor. The analytical approach used in this research is the quantitative analysis approach. The results showed that the Toraja coffee value chain shows the highest margin of the main value chain actors are household processing industry and collector who sells coffee outside the district. It can be concluded that it is important for the farmers to broaden their knowledge about the value chain of coffee and to give added value to their product to get higher revenue.
Rice farmers response to agricultural insurance programs
Authors: Ali M S S , Demmallino E B , Ikawani  , Ardana R I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Agricultural insurance is an agreement between a farmer and an insurance company to commit themselves to farm risk cover. This study aims to: Explain the implementation of agricultural insurance programs and describe the characteristics of rice farmers who are participants of agricultural insurance in Matakali District, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi Province. Objectives are analyzed descriptively. The research location was in Matakali District, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi. The research result concluded that: The implementation of the agricultural insurance program was good because farmers already benefited from agricultural insurance, but the claim settlement procedure was considered complicated. In general, the characteristics of farmers include age in the range of 27-41 years, education at the high school level, income level is at Rp.10,500,000 and land area is at an area of 1 Ha.
A preliminary study of Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) nesting in Kambunong Cape, West Sulawesi
Authors: Maulany R I , Aliem M I , Nasri  , Ismail  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is an endemic species inhabiting Sulawesi island and is listed as Endangered under IUCN Red Data List. However, number of adult individuals of the species found in the wild was predicted to be decreasing. Most data available for the species are scattered and or not reported. Therefore, more published research is needed as regard to population size, distribution, and trends of maleo. One site identified as habitat of maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) was located in the coastal area of Kambunong Cape, West Sulawesi Province. This study attempts to examine the nesting site, population trends of the species and to identify nthropogenic and non-anthropogenic threats towards the population in the area. Index point of abundance (IPA) combined with line transect techniques were applied to estimate population of the species. Seven line transects were deployed and combined with 30 circular plots distributed across the lines covering 100 ha of the coastal area in Kambunong Cape. Meanwhile, types of threats posed to the population were explored by using semi-structure interviews to the locals. The results have shown that the total of relative abundance estimated for the species in the area was 5.091 individuals/ha for 30 observation plots or 16.97 (=17) individuals found in 100 ha. There was only one site utilized by the species located in a poor environment. Decreasing trends of the population was mostly due to habitat modification and fragmentation combined with illegal egg hunting/collection as well as high intensity of human activities nearby their home range.
Effect of Missing Rainfall Data on the Uncertainty of Design Floods
Authors: Nurhamidah N , Hanwar S , Junaidi A , Februarman  , Sunaryo  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrological data is a collection of information or facts about the hydrological phenomenon. Mistakes in the hydrological analysis have a fatal effect on the accuracy or accuracy of hydraulic building planning, whether in the form of planning for irrigation buildings, flood control structures, drainage systems, weirs. And others hydraulics structure design. As we already know, rainfall data is the most important data in the hydrological analysis. The minimum amount of rainfall data required in the hydrological statistical analysis is 10 years. To obtain this 10-year data, often encountered incompleteness in recording the rainfall data. Meanwhile, hydrological analysis always required for any design of hydraulic structures. Based on the above statement, an analysis has been carried out on how much influence the completeness of data and availability of rainfall data in an area of accuracy in predicting the discharge plan in different times and make a Rating Curve. In determining the unit hydrograph, the Nakayasu method is used. The results of this study indicate that the completeness of the data is not very influential. This is evidenced by obtaining the discharge value at a certain return period which is not much different. From the unit hydrograph curve, it can be seen that in the first condition with a return period of 100 years, a discharge of 801.775 m3 / s is obtained, for the second condition consisting of 11 rainfall data, a discharge of 833.848 m3 / s is obtained, and for the third condition, ignoring the rainfall data. The missing of rainfall data obtained a discharge of 816,489 m3 / s. Where the difference inaccuracy in the first condition is 3.846% against the second condition, and the difference inaccuracy in the third condition is 2.082% for the second condition. In the rating curve section of Batang Kuranji, the normal water level discharge is 169.948 m3 / s with an elevation of 2.89 m. At the same time, the maximum discharge at the cross-section of Batang Kuranji is 748,260 m3 / s with an elevation of 6.99 m.
Study of the Properties of Open Graded Asphalt Mixtures With the addition of SBS
Authors: Namaa Mohammed M. , Qasim Zaynab I. , Ibrahim Al Helo Karim H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Porous asphalt (PA) is widely used in a growing number of countries where porous asphalt is applied for a variety of purposes, e.g. for the effective drainage of rainwater, traffic safety (high slip resistance), the control of noise pollution and lower temperatures surrounding the city. However, it has many other disadvantages, such as poor resistance to rutting, poor resistance to fatigue, and PA is susceptible to raveling (wastage of aggregates from the pavement surface), due to effects of climatic and traffic loading. In general, this type of mixtures is not as good as traditional mixtures. This research aims to study and improve the properties of porous mixtures using SBS. In this paper, laboratory tests were carried out to the materials involved in the composition of this mixture: binder, aggregate, and additive. SBS is used in the proportion of (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0) % of the weight of the binder. It was found that this additive leads to reduce the permeability and air void, but not as large as that without polymer modifier by (1.7 %, 3%, and 3.5%), while in the case of abrasion loss (aged and unaged) decrease by (4.1, 6.67 and 10.92) (4.7, 6.3and 2.6)% respectively. The drain down value is decreased by (16.5%, 38.25%, and 43.51%) respectively, from original asphalt cement.
Effect of Different Strengthening Techniques on the Structural Behaviour of Continuous Two-Way Slabs with Partially Corroded Reinforcement at Internal Support
Authors: Al-Najar Ammar K. , Al-Yassri Labeeb S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research studies the combined effects of partial corrosion of the negative reinforcement in two-way continuous slabs (two spans) with a construction joint at the internal support and investigates the efficiency of the proposed strengthening methods to overcome these effects. The partial corrosion in reinforcement comes from exposure to the corrosive outdoor environment due to an unplanned stoppage in concrete pouring for a long-time which left part of the negative reinforcement without protection. The construction joint formed at the internal support after resume the concrete pouring later. Three types of strengthening are proposed to overcome those effects. The study adopted an accelerated corrosion technique which is running an electrical current in the steel bars partially immersed in a 5% salt solution (elect-chemical cell). The proposed strengthening was: NSM CFRP bars, CFRP strips, and steel plates. All applied to the top face in the tension zone at the internal support. Six two-way continuous (two spans) concrete slabs were cast (2200, 1000, and 100 mm). The strengthening was: four strips of CFRP had 50 mm width, four of 6 mm CFRP bars applied using the NSM technique, and four steel plate 50 mm width and 5 mm thickness. All the strengthening extended to the third of span length and was aligned with the slab continuity axis. The specimens were tested and the deflection, first positive and negative crack width, and failure mode were recorded. Numerical analysis and comparison with the experimental results were conducted to verify the numerical model. The study found that the construction joint and corrosion had a clear influence on the structural behavior of the slab. Those effects were on the ultimate load, deflection, and the negative cracks. The proposed treatments were highly effective and efficient in increasing the ultimate load, delay the appearance of cracks, and reduction of deflection under the load points.
Heavy Metal Pollution from Hospital Waste Incinerators: A Case Study from Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq
Authors: Selman Huda , Kubba Huda , Al-Mukaram Noorance , Alkateeb Raid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waste incineration (WI) is the most popular method of hospital waste (HW) disposal in many developing countries. Most hospitals generate large quantities of toxic and persistent waste, which are managed by burning in incinerators. Basically, high concentrations of heavy metal in the food chain are generated from ash residue after burning process. As a result, these concentrations lead to harmful effects on the public health as well as environment. This study aims to investigate the concentrations of heavy metal in the ash of incinerated waste HW1 and HW2 that generated in two hospitals at Samawah and Rumaitha cities, respectively. Ash samples were collected within three months from medium and small incinerators. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn metals were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The concentrations of heavy metal were sorted in descending order as follows: Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd. For both hospital waste, the Fe level was ranged between 76.6 and 25.3 μg/g while other metal levels were varied as follows: Cd (4.6-1.4 μg/g), Zn (35.6-5.6 μg/g) and Cu (17.2-4.0 μg/g). The concentration of Pb in HW2 was found relatively higher than in HW1. The concentration of Pb was varied as (21.6-7.5 μg/g) in HW2 and (15.6-5.4 μg/g) in HW1. Whereas the Cr and Ni concentrations were found as (14.7-1.1 μg/g) and (6.717-3.3 μg/g) in HW1 and HW2, respectively. According to the EPA Law, the concentrations of all samples exceeded the maximum permissible heavy metal levels and can be classified as toxic and risky levels.
Effect of double gasket on combustion characteristic, performance and emissions of GDI engine
Authors: Aldhaidhawi Mohanad Hamazah , Al-Karaaw Muneer Naji , Al-Shamani Ali Najah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, the effect of adding a double gasket to cylinder head on combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust gas emissions of gasoline direct injection GDI engine was numerically investigated by utilizing the BOOST program. The study was carried out at different engine speed (1000 rpm to 3500 rpm, with increment 500 rpm) in a constant engine load fueled with gasoline fuel. The Vibe two-zone and Woschni 1990 models were selected as sub-model to calculated the combustion and heat transfer. The numerical results showed that the engine with a double gasket produces lower effective power and lower effective torque while the brake-specific fuel consumption BSFC was higher compared to that of an engine with a single gasket (original). Regarding the exhaust gas emissions, the engine with a double gasket emitted lower NOx emissions, while the soot emission was higher than that of the engine with a single gasket.
Investigation on the behavior of the modified AA 7075 alloy using differential scanning calorimetry technique
Authors: Abdullah Firas Fouad , Naeem Haider Tawfiq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been utilized to study behavior and analyze the compositions phases in the modified Aluminum matrix (AA 7075) alloy with complex quaternary of Zinc (Zn) (6.7wt. %), Magnesium (Mg) (2.8 wt. %), Copper (Cu) (1.8 wt. %), Nickel (Ni) (0.5 wt.%), with additive of Tin (Sn) (0.5 wt.%). The alloys were manufactured by casting process. The casted Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium-Copper-Nickel-Tin alloy slabs were homogenized at the different temperatures. Firstly, under treatment of 450°C for 2 hours followed by treatment at 470°C for 1 day and then treated at 480°C for 40 minutes, then all the casted Al-7075 alloy samples have quenched in cold water after each step. The treated samples were underwent the artificial ageing at 120 °C for 1 day. The outcomes proved that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed information of the DSC thermal analyses which were obtained through various heat treatments of the samples Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy. The outcomes have explained that Differential scanning calorimetry data could help in understanding the peaks of temperatures as well the enthalpy values for the forming and dissolution the equilibrium phase’s and compositions of precipitations within the artificial ageing were conducting for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy samples.
Performance assessment of a multi-speed single-phase capacitor motor using a hybrid analytical–FEM methodology
Authors: Dahham Omar Kamel , Ali Amer Mejbel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper submits a performance analysis for the multi-speed, single-phase induction motor to calculate its current, power, torque, power factor, and efficiency at various speeds, and to study the effect of any changing in its design like rotor bars skewing and capacitor value on the motor performance. The analysis was done by using a hybrid analytical-finite element analysis methodology based on RMxprt / Maxwell2D. The test motor was modelled by RMxprt according to its design documents with special efforts in modelling of its three-speed separate stator winding. The simulation results of both software were compared with the motor test results taken from the motor manufacturer with a good agreement. The proposed methodology can be adopted successfully for this type of motor to assist the motor designer in studying the effect of changing its design without needing to manufacturing and testing a costly prototype motor.