bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe influenza virus infection in children admitted to the PICU: Comparison of influenza A and influenza B virus infection
Authors: Yazici Özkaya Pınar , Turanli Eşe Eda , Metin Hamdi , Aydın Uysal Ayça , Çiçek Candan , Karapinar Bulent 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the influenza virus usually causes a self‐limiting disease, deaths are reported even in children without risk factors. We aimed to identify the clinical features, mortality associated with severe influenza A and B virus infections of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We conducted a retrospective study of children with confirmed influenza infection between 2012 and 2019 who were admitted to the PICU. Demographic features, risk factors, clinical data, microbiological data, complications, and outcomes were collected. Over seven influenza seasons (2012–2011 to 2015–2016), 713 children diagnosed with laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐related LRTI, and PICU admission was needed in 6% (46/713) of the patients. Thirty‐one patients (67.4%) were diagnosed with influenza A and 15 patients were diagnosed with influenza B. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics were similar in both influenza types, lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher for influenza A than for influenza B infections. Although the influenza A to B ratio among the patients admitted to the PICU was 2.06, the percentage of cases requiring PICU admission was nearly two times higher in influenza B cases. There was no statistically significant difference in disease severity and complications in patients with influenza A and influenza B.
Characterization of specific spatial functional connectivity difference in depression during sleep
Authors: Lian Jiakai , Song Yingjie , Zhang Yangting , Guo Xinwen , Wen Jinfeng , Luo Yuxi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDepression is a common mental illness and a large number of researchers have been still devoted to exploring effective biomarkers for the identification of depression. Few researches have been conducted on functional connectivity (FC) during sleep in depression. In this paper, a novel depression characterization is proposed using specific spatial FC features of sleep electroencephalography (EEG). Overnight polysomnography recordings were obtained from 26 healthy individuals and 25 patients with depression. The weighted phase lag indexes (WPLIs) of four frequency bands and five sleep periods were obtained from 16 EEG channels. The high discriminative connections extracted via feature evaluation and the cross‐within variation (CW)—the spatial feature constructed to characterize the different performances in inter‐ and intra‐hemispheric FC based on WPLIs, were utilized to classify patients and normal controls. The results showed that enhanced average FC and spatial differences, higher inter‐hemispheric FC and lower intra‐hemispheric FC, were found in patients. Furthermore, abnormalities in the inter‐hemispheric connections of the temporal lobe in the theta band should be important indicators of depression. Finally, both CW and high discriminative WPLI features performed well in depression screening and CW was more specific for characterizing abnormal cortical EEG performance of depression. Our work investigated and characterized the abnormalities in sleep cortical activity in patients with depression, and may provide potential biomarkers for assisting with depression identification and new insights into the understanding of pathological mechanisms in depression.
Molybdenum‐induced effects on nitrogen uptake efficiency and recovery in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) using15N‐labeled nitrogen with different N forms and rates
Authors: Moussa Mohamed G. , Hu Chengxiao , Elyamine Ali Mohamed , Ismael Marwa A. , Rana Muhammad Shoaib , Imran Muhammad , Syaifudin Muhamad , Tan Qiling , Marty Charles , Sun Xuecheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential microelement for higher plants and plays a significant role in nitrogen (N) metabolism, which includes nitrate reduction, assimilation, and efficient N acquisition. Its deficiency in soil may induce the reduction of N uptake and wheat yield.Aims: We aimed to explore the Mo‐induced effects on N uptake efficiency and recovery in Mo‐inefficient winter wheat cultivar using a15N isotope tracer under different N forms (Nf) and N rates (Nr).Methods: The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, and the treatments included three Nf in the form of15NH4Cl as sole NH4+, Ca (15NO3)2as sole NO3−, and15NH415NO3) under two Nr [low (L) 0.05 and high (H) 0.25 g N kg–1soil], with (+Mo) in form of [(NH4)6Mo7O24∙ 4H2O] and without (–Mo) Mo application. The plant biomass, Mo content, total N uptake, fertilizer15N uptake, soil N uptake, as well as N uptake, agronomic and physiological efficiency were evaluated. Furthermore, the fertilizer15N recovery in various wheat organs was also studied.Results: The results revealed that Mo application increased N uptake efficiency in wheat to 38.26%, 68.24%, and 71.53% when the plants are treated with low rates of NH4+, NO3−, and NH4NO3, respectively. While at a high N rate, N uptake efficiency increases to 46.26% and 45.34% in the case of NO3−and NH4NO3treatments, respectively, and it was slightly reduced to 10.84% when plants were supplied with NH4+form. Mo supply increased15N recovery from fertilizer in grain organ under low N rate with all supplied Nf, that is, NH4+, NO3−, and NH4NO3, while at high N rate, Mo enhanced15N recovery in grains organ in case of NO3−and NH4NO3forms.Conclusion: This study shows that Mo fertilization may be a promising strategy to improve N uptake efficiency and recovery in wheat when nitrate is the main N form.
Characterizing Downstream Migration Timing of American Eels Using Commercial Catch Data in the Penobscot and Delaware Rivers
Authors: Weaver Daniel M. , Sigourney Douglas B. , Delucia Mari-Beth , Zydlewski Joseph D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Adult “silver-phase” American Eels Anguilla rostrata were a focus of commercial fisheries in the 1970s and 1980s, but stocks have been depleted due to many anthropogenic factors. One significant source of mortality occurs during the downstream migration of eels when passing through turbines at hydroelectric facilities. We sought to construct a model to predict eel migration timing to inform optimization of mitigation actions that might reduce mortality. We utilized commercial catch collected from 16 tributaries in the Penobscot River watershed, Maine (2–10 years), and the Delaware River, New York (31 years). A Bayesian hierarchical approach was used to model the relationship between the timing of silver eel capture and environmental conditions that are known to be related to their movements (i.e., river discharge, water temperature, and lunar cycle). Among river systems, daily catch was associated with higher-than-average flows, temperatures of 7–22°C, and new lunar phase cycles. A cross-validation approach to evaluate the ability of the models to make predictions for new data demonstrated a greater ability (higher R2 values) to predict weekly eel catch (0.01–0.92) compared to daily eel catch (0.00–0.42). In addition, we examined the model’s ability to forecast migration events by applying posterior simulations to make predictions of eel catch by ordinal date. Predicted daily eel catch generally followed the trend of observed daily catch and was stronger for the Delaware River (R2 = 0.67) than for Souadabscook Stream, Maine (R2 = 0.07). Sharp pulses in observed catch were not reflected by the predicted catch. Additionally, variability observed among rivers suggests that site-specific modeling may be advantageous (and necessary) to capture local conditions, thereby improving predictive power. More broadly, our work highlights a novel use of fishery-dependent data in a Bayesian modeling framework to predict intervals of risk for migrating fish.
Disentangling Stationary and Dynamic Estuarine Fish Habitat to Inform Conservation: Species-Specific Responses to Physical Habitat and Water Quality in San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Feyrer Frederick , Young Matthew J. , Huntsman Brock M. , Brown Larry R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Estuaries represent critical aquatic habitat that connects surface water distributed between Earth’s landmasses and oceans. They are dynamic transitional ecosystems, which provide important habitat for fishes and other aquatic organisms. Effective conservation of species inhabiting estuaries requires knowledge of the habitat features that drive their abundance and distribution. We sought to elucidate how stationary (i.e., wetlands, shoals, and channels) and dynamic (i.e., salinity, temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll concentration) habitat features interact to drive distributions of individual fish species. The Pacific coast of the conterminous United States has over 400 estuaries of various types. The largest (historical surface area) is San Francisco Estuary, California. We conducted extensive field observations of fishes in the central San Francisco Estuary among stationary habitat types (i.e., wetland, shoal, and channel) over a 19-month period encompassing substantial variability in dynamic water quality conditions. Most of the species observed, especially native species of special management interest, were associated with tidal wetland habitat. Few species exhibited associations with water quality conditions driven by seasonal (temperature) or a combination of broad- and fine-scale ecosystem processes (salinity and turbidity). Our study provides (1) an empirical demonstration of how researchers can deal with the complex and dynamic expressions of habitat in estuarine systems to address urgent natural resource problems and (2) a clear demonstration of the urgent need for habitat restoration and its likely outcome in systems such as San Francisco Estuary. Restoration of suitable tidal wetland habitat on the West Coast of the United States is likely to be an effective conservation tool to support estuarine fishes given that over 90% of historical tidal wetland habitat in San Francisco Estuary and 85% of vegetated wetland habitat along the Pacific coast of the United States has been lost due to human modification.
Regression models for predicting daily IGS zenith tropospheric delays in West Africa: Implication for GNSS meteorology and positioning applications
Authors: Osah Samuel , Acheampong Akwasi A. , Fosu Collins , Dadzie Isaac 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability to precisely and accurately model and predict tropospheric delay is essential for precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and meteorological applications. The International GNSS Service (IGS) provides highly accurate and highly reliable daily time series zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) products for all its member sites using data from each IGS site. Nevertheless, if for reasons such as poor internet connectivity, equipment failure, and power outages the IGS station is inaccessible, gaps are created in the data archive, resulting in degrading the quality of the ZTD estimation, as well as inhibits the quality of precipitable water vapour (PWV) estimation, needed for precise positioning applications, meteorological studies, and weather forecasting. To address this challenge, five regression models are proposed in this study to model and predict daily ZTDs using daily datasets from four IGS stations in West Africa over a period of 5 years (2015–2019). The site‐specific Vienna Mapping Functions 3 (VMF3) products (ZTD, pressure, temperature, water vapour partial pressure) and stations' coordinates (latitudes and longitudes) are used as the predictors, while the IGS final ZTD product as the response variable in fitting the models. Several performance measures are calculated to compare the predictive performance of the models. The results show that the five regression models performed outstandingly and agree very well with the IGS‐ZTD data, and hence provide a useful alternative for ZTD predictions and also in the event the West African IGS stations' ZTD data are unavailable. Nonetheless, the support vector regression model outperformed the remaining four models.
Simplifying obstacles for Steiner network problems in the plane
Authors: Volz Marcus , Brazil Marcus , Ras Charl , Thomas Doreen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present methods for simplifying the geometry of polygonal obstacles as a preprocessing step to solving obstacle‐avoiding Steiner network problems in the plane. The methods reduce the total number of vertices and edges that need to be considered for the given obstacles, and their use is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of exact algorithms for solving a range of practical Steiner network problems in obstacle environments. Included are methods forextendingobstacles (via a newpaddingmethod and abackfillingprocedure from the literature), and various methods for simplifying obstacles, including new methods calledboundingandeliminating. We show that these methods reduce the total number of obstacle vertices and edges by performing experiments on obstacles with up to 100 vertices in the presence of up to 100 terminals. The experiments utilize a modified version of a known algorithm for quickly generating large numbers of “random” polygons with hundreds of vertices. Corresponding datasets and implementations have been made available on GitHub.
It is Christ or Corruption in Papua New Guinea: Bring in the Witness!
Authors: Pickles Anthony J. , Santos da Costa Priscila 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTEndemic corruption and fervent Christianity dominate Papua New Guinea (PNG) public discourse. We draw on ethnographic material—including the emplacement of a King James V Bible in Parliament—to contextualise corruption discourse and Christian measures against corruption within evolving Papua New Guinean ideas about witnessing. Both corruption discourse and Christianity invoke a specific kind of observer: a disembodied, reliable witness capable of discerning people's intentions. Established ethnographic and linguistic data from PNG meanwhile document witnesses as imagined to be embodied, interested, lacking a privileged relationship to truth, and thus susceptible to coercion. Recasting the PNG corruption issue in terms of witnessing foregrounds a perceived cultural conflict between inclusion and duty; it also reveals how and why the Christian God was invoked—using debt and obligation rhetoric—to end corruption at the national scale.
A Dansyl Amide N‐Oxide Fluorogenic Probe Based on a Bioorthogonal Decaging Reaction
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Yongcheng , Li Xiang , Teng Yu , Tian Yulin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA smart fluorescence “turn‐on” probe which contained a dansyl amide fluorophore and an N‐oxide group was designed based on the bioorthogonal decaging reaction between N‐oxide and the boron reagent. The reaction proceeds in a rapid kinetics (k2=57.1±2.5 m−1 s−1), and the resulting reduction product showcases prominent fluorescence enhancement (up to 72‐fold). Time dependent density functional theoretical (TD‐DFT) calculation revealed that the process of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the N‐oxide moiety to the dansyl amide fluorophore accounts for the quenching mechanism of N‐oxide. This probe also showed high selectivity over various nucleophilic amino acids and good biocompatibility in physiological conditions. The successful application of the probe in HaloTag protein labeling and HepG2 live‐cell imaging proves it a valuable tool for visualization of biomolecules.
Bidentate Lewis Acids Derived from o‐Diethynylbenzene with Group 13 and 14 Functions
Authors: Rudlof Jens , Aders Niklas , Lamm Jan‐Hendrik , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStarting from 1,2‐diethynylbenzene, a series of bidentate Lewis acids was prepared by means of hydrometalations, in particular hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydroalumination and terminal metalation based on group 13 and 14 elements. In the case of terminal alkyne metalation, the Lewis‐acidic gallium function was introduced using triethylgallium under alkane elimination. A total of six different Lewis acids based on a semiflexible organic scaffold were prepared, bearing −SiClMe2, −SiCl2Me, −SiCl3, −B(C6F5)2, −AlBis2 (Bis=bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl) and −GaEt2 as the corresponding functional units. In all cases, the Lewis acid functionalisation was carried out twice and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. In the case of the twofold gallium Lewis acid, a different structural motif in the form of a polymer‐like chain was observed in the solid state. All new bidentate Lewis acids were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis and X‐ray diffraction experiments.
Biodegradable highly porous interconnected poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds by supercritical foaming for small‐diameter vascular tissue engineering
Authors: Cao Yongjun , Jiang Jing , Jiang Yufan , Li Zihui , Hou Jianhua , Li Qian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiodegradable ϕ4 mm tubular porous poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PCL/PLCL) scaffolds are fabricated successfully via one‐step microcellular supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process. The effect of blending ratio on the rheology, pore structures, mechanical property, wettability, and biocompatibility of PCL/PLCL blends tubular scaffold are reported. Rheological results show that PCL matrix and PLCL dispersed phase has good compatibility. The melt strength of PCL can be enhanced obviously by adding PLCL. With an increase of PLCL content from 10 to 30 wt%, the pore size increases from 7.6 to 24.9 μm due to the homogeneous nucleation effect. The maximum open‐cell content can reach 77% for PCL/PLCL foamed sample. Cyclical tensile and compliance tests show that few content of dispersed PLCL (10–20 wt%) improves the flexibility and recoverability. Cell viability results demonstrate that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on all PCL/PLCL porous scaffolds exhibit a typical spindle‐like cell morphology. Moreover, HUVECs have a higher density and spreading areas on surface of 10% PLCL scaffold. The results gathered in this paper may open a new perspective for the fabrication of small‐diameter vascular tissue engineering scaffold.
Experimental and numerical study on physico‐mechanical properties and Taguchi's designed abrasive wear behavior of hemp/nettle‐polyester hybrid composite
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Prasad Lalta , Patel Vinay Kumar , Kumain Ashish , Yadav Anshul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present research focuses on studying the physical, mechanical, and abrasive wear behavior of the hemp/nettle natural fiber woven mat reinforced with the polyester matrix. The hemp and nettle fibers woven mats were reinforced into the polyester matrix by simple hand‐layup, and after that compression molding process was used to fabricate the composites. The water absorption, tensile, flexural, and impact properties were studied using a hemp/nettle hybrid composite. This study found that increasing the amount of hemp and nettle fiber in polyester from 3 to 9 wt% increased the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The higher weight percentage (9 wt%) of hemp/nettle fiber in polyester hybrid composites exhibited the highest tensile (42.41 MPa), flexural (78.52 MPa), impact (22.72 kJ/m2) strength, and a higher hardness value of 46.7 HV. Finite element analysis simulation is conducted on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact strength). The minimum abrasive specific wear rate of hybrid composites is 0.00827 mm3/Nm found in the 9 wt% of hemp/nettle fiber composite at 10 N of normal load and 200 RPM, through Taguchi's approach (L9 orthogonal array). The contribution of control factors in a hybrid composite is studied by analysis of variance. The surface morphological studies were performed to examine the abraded worn surface by abrasive wear to study the behavior of the wear mechanism using the scanning electron microscope.
Properties enhancement of chitosan‐filled polylactic acid biocomposites using tannic acid treatment
Authors: Kamaludin Nor Helya Iman , Ismail Hanafi , Rusli Arjulizan , Sam Sung Ting 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, tannic acid‐treated chitosan (Cs‐TA)‐filled polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites were fabricated through the melt blending and compression molding methods. The effects of Cs‐TA and their loadings (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10) php on chemical interaction, tensile, melt processing, thermal, water absorption, and morphological characteristics were analyzed accordingly, and compared with a previously untreated PLA/Cs biocomposite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that TA could form a cross‐linked network with Cs components as well as improving the hydrophilicity character of Cs for better interaction with PLA polymer. In addition, tensile strength and elongation at break were enhanced to the extent of ~3% and ~11%, respectively, at optimal 3% w/v TA concentration and 2.5 php Cs loading. Melt processing analysis of treated PLA/Cs‐TA demonstrated a lower stabilization torque, which implied improvement in the PLA processability. Moreover, chemical modification of Cs with TA showed a positive effect on thermal stability correlated to a higher decomposition temperature. Meanwhile, the crystallinity degree was considerably increased with TA treatment ascribed to the acceleration in crystallization process. Besides, a lower water uptake percentage proposed the Cs‐TA potential in controlling water uptake in PLA/Cs biocomposite. Indeed, the morphological analysis exhibited better filler dispersion and interfacial adhesion between Cs‐TA and PLA polymer, which justified the enhancement in all studied properties.
Association of bleeding with serotonergic antidepressants in patients receiving left ventricular assist device support
Authors: Robinson Adam C. , January Spenser E. , Botkin Kent W. , Vader Justin M. , Hartupee Justin C. , Tellor Pennington Bethany R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThis study sought to determine whether SA use is associated with bleeding in patients receiving CF‐LVAD support.DesignA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of all adult patients who received CF‐LVAD implantation at our institution.SettingBarnes‐Jewish Hospital between July 1, 2009, and October 1, 2018.PatientsPatients at least 18 years of age who received a HVAD™ (HeartWare Corp.), HeartMate II™ (St. Jude Medical), or HeartMate 3™ (St. Jude Medical) CF‐LVAD and survived for at least 30 days postoperatively were included.InterventionPatients who received SAs (n = 203) were compared to those who did not (n = 391) from 30 days to 18 months following implantation. The primary outcome was the incidence of first bleeding events including gastrointestinal bleed (GIB), epistaxis, or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Measurements and Main ResultsDuring follow‐up, 219 patients had bleeding events: 93 of 203 (45.8%) in the SA group versus 126 of 391 (32.2%) in the control group (p = 0.001). After adjustment for age, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use, history of bleeding events, history of smoking, and CF‐LVAD type, SA use remained associated with bleeding (adjusted odds ratio: 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.22–2.51, p = 0.002). HeartMate 3™ patients experienced less bleeding than HeartMate II™ patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.90, p = 0.024).ConclusionsIn this single‐center, retrospective cohort of patients supported with CF‐LVADs, SA use was associated with the incidence of first bleeding events, primarily driven by GIB. Further studies are needed to assess any differential risk of bleeding among SA agents and to assess the utility of altering antithrombotic strategies.