bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antimicrobial, Anti Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of the Rhizome Extract of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric)
Authors: Ify Ogbonna Abigail , Raphael Adejube Glory , Tochukwu Okoye Clifford , Amarachi Ogbonna Ugoy Sonia , Ikechukwu Njoku Andrew , Madukaihe Madu Josephine , Thomas Yakubu , Innocent Ogbonna Chike 
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties of rhizome extracts of Curcuma longa (Turmeric).
Methodology: Extraction of biochemical constituents of the 150 g of the turmeric rhizomes powder was carried out successively using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water as solvents. The antimicrobial potentials of the different fractions of the extract were tested on clinical bacterial including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar well diffusion method at concentrations of 400 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using agar dilution technique. For the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of C. longa, albino rats were treated with methanolic extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) and diclofenac as control, after which they were injected with egg albumin on the right hind paw to induce inflammation. The swelling degree of the injected paw was measured. The analgesic effect of C. longa methanolic extract on hot plate-induced pain was also investigated in albino rats, and the Index of response latency was recorded.
Results: The biochemical assay showed that C. longa extract contained Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, Carbohydrate, Steroids, Terpenes, Anthraquinone, and Cardiac Glycosides, with Methanol and aqueous extracts having the most biochemical constituents. The antibacterial susceptibility screening showed that K.pneumonia was the most susceptible organism, having the highest zone of inhibition of 18 mm for ethyl acetate extract at the concentration of 400 mg/ml. This was followed by S. pneumonia, S.aureus and P. aeruginosa with inhibition zone of 13, 12 and 10 mm respectively. The MIC for K.pneumonia and S.aureus were both 200 mg/ml, while that of P. aeruginosa and S. pneumonia were both 400 mg/ml. The paw size of rats treated with increasing doses of the extract and diclofenac significantly decreased with time. The concentration of 250 mg/kg had the lowest paw volume of 4.39±0.36mm while 1000 mg/kg recorded 5.18±0.28 as the highest, at 180 minute.
Conclusion: Based on the result obtained, it can be concluded that Curcuma longa Rhizome extract possess anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.
Cervical Cancer Screening via Self-Sampling for High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus: A Community-Based Pilot Study in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oshodi Yusuf A. , Adefemi Kayode A. , Olumodeji Ayokunle M. , Akinola Oluwarotimi I. , Ohazurike Ephraim , Kuye Taiwo O. , Ogunyemi Adedoyin A. , Banjo Adekunbiola A. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally after breast cancer. It is a preventable cancer with a well‑defined premalignant phase where treatment could be offered before invasive cancer develops.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics and serotypes of high-risk HPV amongst positive women using self-sampling HPV-based cervical cancer screening.
Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study in an urban setting in Lagos, Nigeria where one hundred women, following community-based counselling on cervical cancer and its prevention, underwent cervical cancer screening via self-sampling for hr-HPV. Structured questionnaires were administered for data collection. Appropriate instruction for self-sample collection using Flobam cervical sampling kit was given to each subject. The samples were processed using DNA analysis via PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification and flow through hybridization to identify the hr-HPV serotypes. Women who tested positive for hr-HPV had colposcopic-guided biopsy. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 20.0.
Findings: Almost all (97%) the women were successful at self-sampling. The prevalence of hr-HPV positivity was 19% with peak (31.6%) of hr-HPV positivity observed in subjects aged 31-40 years. HPV 53 was the commonest (36%) serotype, HPV 33 and 39 were the least (7%) identified and 47% of hr-HPV positive subjects had infection with two or more HPV serotypes. Two-third (66.7%) of hr-HPV positive subjects attended follow-up for colposcopy guided biopsy and 10.5% of the hr-HPV positive subjects had premalignant/malignant cervical lesion.
Conclusion: Infection with more than one hr-HPV serotype is common in our study. Self-sampling modality of HPV cervical cancer screening is feasible in this environment.
Use of Timed Up and Go Test to Predict Risk of Fall in Indian Elderly
Authors: Kumar Palani , Jani Prutha , Parmar Lata 
Published: July 2021

Background: Although the TUG has been recommended as a key test for screening the risk of fall, the optimal cut-off value to detect older adults who are at an elevated fall risk remains controversial as wide range of threshold values have been reported in the literature. The validation of TUGT is yet to be performed for the Indian population.
Objective: To determine cut off value for TUG to predict risk of falls among Indian population.
Methods and Measures: In this cross sectional study, 121 participants, meeting inclusion-exclusion criteria and willing to participate were included. On the basis of BBS scores, participants were divided in risk of fall group (BBS< 45) and no risk of fall group (BBS2 >/=45). TUG Test was performed and time was measured using stop watch.
Results: Pearson correlation between BBS and TUG had shown statistically significant negative correlation (r= -0.852), (p=0.000). Considering the different sensitivity and specificity, the best predictive value to predict risk of fall was 14.5 seconds at 97.4% sensitivity, 96% specificity.
Conclusion: Best cut off value to predict risk of fall is 14.5 Sec for older adults in India. Increasing age, Knee pain and sedentary life significantly affects TUG Scores and increased Risk of fall.
Result of Ankle Fracture Fixation, Our Hospital Experience
Authors: Shah Ghazanfar Ali , Ahmed Nizam , Khanzada Aftab Alam , Afzal Tanveer , Rafique Joyo Muhammad , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Noor Syed Shahid 
Published: July 2021

Aims and Objectives: The goal of this study was to see the outcome of open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures.
Methods: A prospective analysis of 40 ankle fractures of adult patients handled surgically using diverse approaches in the period from January 2019 to January 2020 at the Orthopedic department of SMBBIT, Dow University of Medical and Health Sciences. Karachi Pakistan. The ankle grading system developed by Baird and Jackson was used to assess the functional result.
Results: We achieved 87.5 percent outstanding to good outcomes, 6.3 percent fair outcomes, and 6.2 percent bad outcomes in our study. The findings were comparable to those of other researchers around the world.
Interpretation and Conclusion: In 87.5 percent of patients, the operational results were satisfactory, with good to outstanding functional outcomes. With stable fracture fixation, excellent outcomes are attained. Cancellous screws are better for internal fixation of the medial malleolus, while Malleolar screws are superior for that task. For ankle fractures treated surgically, patients may expect to have satisfactory function thereafter.
Protocol of an Observational Study Based on the Prevalence of Essential Hypertension in Different Types of Prakruti in Wardha City, India
Authors: Bhatero Disha , Sawarkar Punam , Paraskar Vaishnavi , Sawarkar Gaurav 
Published: July 2021

Background: In 2000, 26.4% people of the society were suffering hypertension in the globe and around 29.2% are considered to have hypertension till 2025. Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke and other vascular disorders are the adverse effects of hypertension. Hypertension is taxonomically adjacent to UchchaRakta Tapa in Ayurveda. Prakrutiis the morphological, physiological, and psychological basic traits, manifested in the intrauterine life and is said to be unchangeable throughout life.
Objectives: The present study aims to observe the Prevalence of Essential Hypertension in different types of Prakruti to differentiate Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure according to various Prakruti in the population of Wardha city and contribute to knowledge in this population regarding Essential Hypertension and its relation with Prakruti.
Materials and Methods: Wardha. Data collected in from the hypertensive patients in Wardha district by personal interviews based on the Prakruti Questionnaires.
Results: The results will be concluded on the basis of observations drawn from the collected information.
Dynamic Mineralization: Low‐Temperature, Rapid, and Multidirectional Process to Encapsulate Polyether‐Ether‐Ketone with Carbonate‐Rich Hydroxyapatite for Osseointegration
Authors: Lui Florence H. Y. , Mobbs Ralph J. , Wang Yu , Koshy Pramod , Lucien Frank P. , Zhou Dewen , Sorrell Charles C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) is one of the key materials used to fabricate intervertebral spacers due to its mechanical similarity to bone and non‐interference with imaging. However, its surface chemistry limits osseointegration, while its chemical unreactivity and low glass transition/melting temperature poses technical challenges to the application of coatings conducive to bone growth. The present work applies nature‐inspired interfacial and surface chemistry processes to encapsulate PEEK with nanocrystalline carbonate‐rich hydroxyapatite (C‐Ap), a bioactive mineral valued for its chemical/structural similarity to bone mineral and its bioresorbability. This technique is distinguished from previous work by the combined features of low‐temperature, multidirectional/rapid application, and additive‐free processing. The resultant nanocrystalline C‐Ap coating encapsulates PEEK, indicating suitability with standard and state‐of‐the‐art spacers, made by additive/subtractive techniques. A precursor CaCO3 layer is deposited on PEEK by nacre‐inspired convective self‐assembly, followed by a travertine‐inspired rapid (10 min) cold‐sintering treatment. The CaCO3 layer is converted to C‐Ap in phosphate buffered saline through dissolution‐recrystallization processes inspired by the hydrated layer of bone. The coatings exhibit contact pressures that are an order of magnitude higher than coatings deposited by the biomimetic method. There is potential for application to other orthopaedic materials and incorporation of biologics throughout the coating structure for sustained release.
Vanadium‐Containing Layered Materials as High‐Performance Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lewis Courtney‐Elyce M. , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Siriwardena Dumindu P. , Firestein Konstantin L. , Zhang Chao , von Treifeldt Joel E. , Golberg Dmitri V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe world is currently in the midst of a climate crises and many across the globe are competing to find new technologies to create clean, and effective ways of harnessing renewable energy sources. However, this energy needs to be stored and the current systems simply would not last. Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with vanadium‐containing cathodes are a recently arising technology providing a cheap, safe, and eco‐friendly alternative to the current systems. Vanadium is a material that has long been used for electrochemical systems due to its large range of stable oxidation states. Most common is the vanadium oxide (V2O5) renowned for its open layered framework and manipulatable structure. However, this is not the only vanadium‐containing material that is proposed for use in ZIBs. The vanadium family is comprised of four main sub‐categories under which materials can be classified: vanadium oxides, vanadium phosphates, vanadates, and O2‐free vanadium compounds. This report delves into the specifics of each of these sub‐families to further develop the understanding of their functionality by highlighting their structural and morphological characteristics, aptitude for modification, and the corresponding electrochemical properties. Through this investigation, the application of these materials in ZIB systems is highlighted and future development aims considered.
Programmable Dynamics of Exchange‐Biased Domain Wall via Spin‐Current‐Induced Antiferromagnet Switching
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Joong , Je Soong‐Geun , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Choi Won‐Chang , Yang Seungmo , Kim Changsoo , Tran Bao Xuan , Hwang Chanyong , Hong Jung‐Il 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetic domain wall (DW) motion in perpendicularly magnetized materials is drawing increased attention due to the prospect of new type of information storage devices, such as racetrack memory. To augment the functionalities of DW motion‐based devices, it is essential to improve controllability over the DW motion. Other than electric current, which is known to induce unidirectional shifting of a train of DWs, an application of in‐plane magnetic field also enables the control of DW dynamics by rotating the DW magnetization and consequently modulating the inherited chiral DW structure. Applying an external bias field, however, is not a viable approach for the miniaturization of the devices as the external field acts globally. Here, the programmable exchange‐coupled DW motion in the antiferromagnet (AFM)/ferromagnet (FM) system is demonstrated, where the role of an external in‐plane field is replaced by the exchange bias field from AFM layer, enabling the external field‐free modulations of DW motions. Interestingly, the direction of the exchange bias field can also be reconfigured by simply injecting spin currents through the device, enabling electrical and programmable operations of the device. Furthermore, the result inspires a prototype DW motion‐based device based on the AFM/FM heterostructure, that could be easily integrated in logic devices.
Compressive Buckling Fabrication of 3D Cell‐Laden Microstructures
Authors: Chen Zhaowei , Anandakrishnan Nanditha , Xu Ying , Zhao Ruogang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTissue architecture is a prerequisite for its biological functions. Recapitulating the three‐dimensional (3D) tissue structure represents one of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering. Two‐dimensional (2D) tissue fabrication methods are currently in the main stage for tissue engineering and disease modeling. However, due to their planar nature, the created models only represent very limited out‐of‐plane tissue structure. Here compressive buckling principle is harnessed to create 3D biomimetic cell‐laden microstructures from microfabricated planar patterns. This method allows out‐of‐plane delivery of cells and extracellular matrix patterns with high spatial precision. As a proof of principle, a variety of polymeric 3D miniature structures including a box, an octopus, a pyramid, and continuous waves are fabricated. A mineralized bone tissue model with spatially distributed cell‐laden lacunae structures is fabricated to demonstrate the fabrication power of the method. It is expected that this novel approach will help to significantly expand the utility of the established 2D fabrication techniques for 3D tissue fabrication. Given the widespread of 2D fabrication methods in biomedical research and the high demand for biomimetic 3D structures, this method is expected to bridge the gap between 2D and 3D tissue fabrication and open up new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Dynamic modeling with experimental calibration for the syngas production from biomass fixed‐bed gasification
Authors: He Xin , Hu Qiang , Yang Haiping , Shoemaker Christine Annette , Wang Chi‐Hwa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, a dynamic biomass gasification model was developed based on the hybrid peripheral fragmentation and shrinking‐core model. To improve the accuracy of syngas generation transient prediction, the chemical kinetic model was trained using global surrogate optimization techniques. The pre‐exponential corrections of kinetic reaction rates are calibrated under noncatalytic conditions, employing experimental transient data of syngas generation rate and compositions under different temperatures and gasifying agents. The Dynamic Coordinate search using Response surface model and the Gap Optimized Multi‐objective Optimization using Response Surfaces framework were employed as the numerical solvers for finding the global optimum solution of the pre‐exponential factors. The calibrated particle‐level kinetic models based on both single‐objective and multi‐objective approaches have been validated by experimental data in four different biomass gasification scenarios. The calibrated model shows an over 95% decrease in terms of integrated squared error (ISE)‐based model mismatch when compared with the original model.
Mechanism and fundamental models of gas–liquid surging for valve columns
Authors: Ma Yujia , Liu Yansheng , Cao Rui , Shang Weikang , Li Guoteng , Zhong Fan , Cui Xiao , Liu Yongjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gas–liquid streams in valve columns are likely to surge at low gas velocities, which degrades tray performances and threatens production safety. Therefore, the gas–liquid surging mechanism and vibration properties were investigated in this article. First, the theory of gas–liquid unstable flow at the seal point was proposed based on the principle of lowest energy. Then, the evolution mechanism, gas–liquid flow characteristics, and essential condition of surging are proposed. Meanwhile, experiments were carried out in a Φ580 mm valve column; the frequency spectral and hydraulic characteristics of surging were in accordance with the expected surging mechanism. Moreover, the surging vanish point criterion and safe operating superficial gas velocity for valve columns were advanced. Finally, fundamental models for surging frequency and amplitude were established. The models are in close accordance with the experimental data, which suggests that they could accurately describe the surging behavior.
A field study of chemical senses in bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales
Authors: Bouchard Bertrand , Barnagaud Jean‐Yves , Verborgh Philippe , Gauffier Pauline , Campagna Sylvie , Célérier Aurélie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor most marine vertebrates, chemical cues provide crucial information during navigation and foraging, but their use by cetaceans is still poorly understood. In contrast to baleen whales, toothed whales (odontocetes) are scarcely equipped for chemoreception: they lack the conventional anatomical structures (i.e., olfactory epithelium, nerves and bulbs) involved in olfaction and have reduced taste buds on the tongue. Several behavioral studies have however shown that captive dolphins can perceive chemical solutions, including odorants, in their oral cavity. To investigate whether odontocetes could use infochemicals in their foraging ecology, we implemented a behavioral response experiment in wild bottlenose dolphins and long‐finned pilot whales. We tested dimethyl sulfide (DMS) as a potentially attractive stimulus since it is a chemical signature of highly productive marine areas, known to attract several marine predators including fishes and seabirds. We assessed cetacean responses to DMS exposure by analyzing their movements and surface behaviors recorded by onboard observers. In both species, results did not reveal any significant attraction or behavioral reaction toward DMS when compared to a control chemical stimulus, apart from a short‐distance response in bottlenose dolphins. These results suggest that while odontocetes may perceive DMS in water, it apparently does not play a significant role in their foraging ecology. Testing potentially more attractive compounds such as prey extracts with the present method and analyzing surface, underwater and acoustic responses would provide further insights on odontocete feeding behavior. It would also provide valuable clues to studies on the anatomical structures involved in their chemosenses.
Development of a Simple, Precise, and Validated HPLC Method for the Anticancer Drug, Regorafenib: Application to Pharmacokinetics in Rats and Stability Study
Authors: Kim Jung Suk , Cho Jung Hyun , Choi Han‐Gon 
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study was to establish a simple, precise, and validated high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method to quantify the amount of regorafenib in rat plasma using revaprazan as an internal standard. The mobile phase composition was 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid solution and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (50/50, v/v). The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min, and the eluent was monitored at 265 nm. The results showed that this novel chromatographic method achieved the criteria of the FDA validation guidelines and presented excellent linearity over 0.0488–50 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9999) concentration. Additionally, this method was validated for evaluating regorafenib stability in three different storage conditions and was effectively utilized to analyze the drug concentration in rat plasma after oral administration by calculating its pharmacokinetic parameters. Therefore, this HPLC method is appropriate for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of regorafenib in rats.
The role of neighborhood disadvantage in predicting mortality in patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Goitia Jesse , Phan Derek Q. , Lee Ming‐Sum , Moore Naing , Mansukhani Prakash , Aharonian Vicken , Brar Somjot S. , Zadegan Ray 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhoods have a powerful impact on health. Prior investigations into disparities associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have focused on race and access to the procedure. We sought to investigate the role of neighborhood disadvantage on mortality post‐TAVR.MethodsPatients who underwent TAVR at Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center between June, 2011 and March, 2019 were evaluated. Neighborhood disadvantage was defined using the area deprivation index, an established and validated index that considers multiple socioeconomic metrics. Cutoffs used for disadvantage were national percentile ≥25% and state decile ≥6. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess outcomes.ResultsA total of 668 patients (age 82.1 ± 7.5 years, 49% female) were included, of which 215 (32.2%) were from disadvantaged neighborhoods by state decile, and 167 (25%) by national percentile. At a median follow‐up of 18.8 months (interquartile range 8.7–36.5 months), neighborhood disadvantage was independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality (National percentile: hazard ratio [HR] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–2.69; state decile: HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.21–2.34). On propensity scored analysis, neighborhood disadvantaged remained independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality (National percentile: IPTW HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.52–2.28, PSM HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.11–2.51; state decile: IPTW HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.26–1.91, PSM HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.33–2.99).ConclusionLiving in a disadvantaged neighborhood was independently associated with increased mortality post‐TAVR on multivariate and propensity score matched analysis. Further investigations into the role of neighborhood disadvantage are needed to address disparities and improve outcomes post‐TAVR.