bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Schwabinger Modell
Authors: Ahnert Dörte , Huber Sarah , Kruse Cornelia , Schulte-Hamann Beatrix , Heres Stephan 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Schwabinger Modell wurde für die speziellen Bedürfnisse der Patienten einer allgemeinpsychiatrischen Sektorenklinik entwickelt. Es besteht aus 4 theoretischen Säulen, die den Mitarbeitern Orientierung geben sollen: die durch andere Modelle moderner Psychiatrie fundierte therapeutische Haltung, Kenntnisse des Deeskalationstrainings, der gezielte Einsatz von Dolmetscherdiensten sowie ein motivierter Arbeitsgeist. Im Rahmen eines Both-directions-Ansatzes des Veränderungsmanagements konnten erste Erfolge in der Etablierung eines solchen Modells erreicht werden. Widerstände unter den Mitarbeitern sollten durch eine gezielte Fortführung des Modells im Bottom-up-Prozess, nämlich der Schulung der Mitarbeiter, minimiert werden.
„Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz“ für an Schizophrenie erkrankte Menschen
Authors: Jäckel Dorothea , Pieper Frank , Janetzky Wolfgang , Kuhn Jens , Leopold Karolina , Wietfeld Rita 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPatienten mit Schizophrenie sind durch Positiv- und Negativsymptomatik, aber auch durch kognitive Störungen in ihrer Lebensqualität und Alltagsfunktionalität beeinträchtigt. Nach dem Abklingen der psychotischen Akutsymptomatik können persistierende kognitive und funktionelle Defizite ein eigenständiges Leben und den Weg zurück an den Arbeitsplatz erschweren, der ein wichtiges Ziel einer modernen, auf „Recovery“ ausgerichteten Therapie ist. Die reguläre Beschäftigung auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt hat einen hohen psychosozialen Stellenwert und ist für viele Patienten wesentlicher Bestandteil ihrer individuellen „Recovery“. Diese Übersicht fasst aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung der kognitiven und psychosozialen Funktionen für die berufliche Reintegration von Patienten mit schizophrenen Störungen zusammen. Sie zeigt Versorgungslücken auf und stellt Lösungsstrategien für die Bewältigung der vielfältigen Hürden auf dem Weg einer erfolgreichen beruflichen Reintegration vor.
Das Weddinger Modell
Authors: Mahler Lieselotte , Oster Anna , Vandamme Angelika 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGCharakteristisch für Psychosen ist eine Vielzahl an Symptomen, die sich in Veränderungen und Unsicherheiten der Wahrnehmung, der Identität und insbesondere der Beziehung zur Außenwelt manifestieren. Besondere Relevanz in der Behandlung von Menschen mit Psychosen haben der Aufbau stabiler und vertrauensvoller therapeutischer Beziehungen, auch um Eskalationen vorzubeugen und Zwangsmaßnahmen zu vermeiden. Starre Stationsstrukturen und -regeln lassen allerdings wenig Raum und Flexibilität für die individuellen Bedürfnisse und Erklärungsmodelle von Menschen in (psychotischen) Krisen. Vor diesem Hintergrund und aus den praktischen Erfahrungen heraus, wurde 2010 in der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus (PUK-SHK) ein neues Recovery-orientiertes Behandlungskonzept, das Weddinger Modell, entwickelt und implementiert. Nach 10 Jahren Arbeit mit dem Weddinger Modell gibt es neben den guten praktischen Erfahrungen zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Befunde, die dessen Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich Beziehungsförderung und Zwangsvermeidung auf verschiedenen Dimensionen belegen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Kernelemente des Weddinger Modells sowie die wissenschaftlichen Befunde. Diese werden im Hinblick auf die spezifischen Erfordernisse in der Behandlung von Menschen in psychotischen Krisen dargestellt und in den Verlauf einer psychiatrischen Behandlung eingeordnet. Die praktische Relevanz der Forschungsergebnisse und die flexible und ressourcensparende Umsetzbarkeit des Weddinger Modells im (akut-)psychiatrischen Setting werden diskutiert.
Craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion erkennen und behandeln
Authors: Prodinger-Glöckl Dorothea 
Published: June 2021

SummaryUnter dem Begriff „Craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion“ werden mehrere Dysfunktionen zusammengefasst, die mit einer Störung des Kauapparats einhergehen. Die teilweise sehr unterschiedlichen Beschwerdebilder erschweren die genaue Diagnostik bei CMD. Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Zahnmedizinern, Humanmedizinern aller Fachrichtungen sowie von Osteopathen hat sich bei Diagnose und Therapie als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen. Denn die Probleme des Kauapparats werden oft nicht auf den ersten Blick erkannt.
Abordaje anterolateral extendido y fijación con placa rim en fragmentos posterolaterales en fracturas de platillo tibial
Authors: Guiloff Rodrigo , Iñiguez Magaly , Sandoval Alfredo , Figueroa Franciso , Prado Tomás , Cabrera Sebastián , Colmenares Oscar , Carrasco Eduardo 
Published: June 2021

ResumenLos fragmentos posterolaterales (FPLs) en fracturas de platillo tibial son frecuentes, pero difíciles de reducir y estabilizar. Actualmente existe controversia sobre cómo deben ser abordados; si bien un abordaje anterolateral es más seguro, este puede ser insuficiente para lograr una correcta reducción. Los abordajes posterolaterales y posteriores ofrecen una visión directa y permiten una fijación con ventaja biomecánica; sin embargo, son más demandantes y exponen al paciente a una mayor morbilidad. A continuación, se presenta una nota técnica sobre la reducción y fijación de FPLs con una placa rim por medio de un abordaje anterolateral extendido a través del espacio paraligamento colateral lateral.
Phytophthora austrocedri.
Authors: Green Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Phytophthora austrocedri is a soil and water-borne oomycete pathogen of woody species residing within the Cupressaceae. Its centre of origin is unknown. It was first reported causing widespread dieback and mortality of Austrocedrus chilensis in southern Argentina in 2007 and subsequently reported causing extensive dieback and mortality of Juniperus communis in northern Britain. The pathogen is considered to be invasive in both regions due to the clonal nature of the populations and recently observed disease epidemics. In addition to the two established wider-environment epidemics in Argentina and Britain, P. austrocedri has been isolated from a young Juniperus horizontalis growing in a plant nursery in Germany and from an ornamental Cupressus sempervirens located in a public park in northern Iran. P. austrocedri infects phloem in the roots and stem bases of affected hosts, with aerial infections also reported on J. communis in Britain. Natural spread is likely to occur via movement in water and soil, and possibly via animal and/or human activity. The presence of water courses and areas of standing water are likely to favour pathogen spread at a site. In Britain, DNA of P. austrocedri has been confirmed as present in traded plants of various Cupressaceae species, including those imported from continental Europe. The pathogen is a regulated pest in the plant trade in the UK.
Phytophthora alni species complex (alder phytophthora).
Authors: Marçais Benoit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The alder Phytophthora species complex of oomycetes encompasses the hybrid P. ×alni and its two parental species, P. uniformis and P. ×multiformis (Brasier et al., 1999; Husson et al., 2015). It emerged in the early 1990s and is associated with severe decline of alder trees on river banks of Europe. The main pathogen involved, P. ×alni, was previously unreported. Its pattern of occurrence suggests an invasive species, but one that arose from several hybridization events in different places rather than spreading from a central origin. The population structure of P. uniformis, one of the parental species, suggests that it is introduced in Europe and native in North America (Aguayo et al., 2013); the origin of the second parent, P. ×multiformis, remains unknown. Long-range spread is mainly through planting of infected nursery stock, followed by downstream spread in river water by motile zoospores. The pathogen was on the EPPO alert list from 1996 to 2001.
Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode).
Authors: Castillo Pablo , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The risk of introducing nonindigenous plant pathogens or pests into new areas is increasing rapidly due to globalization and the extensive trade and transport network now established within and among continents (Hulme, 2009). Meloidogyne spp. are universally associated with vegetable production across the globe. Meloidogyne enterolobii is a highly pathogenic and aggressive invasive species emerging as an economically important species worldwide. As a root-knot nematode species, M. enterolobii can easily be transmitted with soil and plant material. Infested soil and growing media, plants for planting, bulbs and tubers from countries where M. enterolobii occurs are the most probable pathways of introduction into different regions. Soil attached to machinery, tools, footwear or plant products is also another possible pathway. The recent interception of this pest in several countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region (Germany, The Netherlands, UK) illustrates that it has the potential to enter different regions. In addition, M. enterolobii could survive under glasshouse conditions across regions with a sub-Mediterranean or a continental climate. Once root-knot nematodes have been introduced, it is generally difficult to control or eradicate them. Only in the EPPO region has this nematode been listed as a quarantine pest (EPPO A2 list No.361).
Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato).
Authors: Osdaghi Ebrahim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Ralstonia solanacearum is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine organisms by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). EPPO Code for R. solanacearum is RALSSO, while the phytosanitary categorization of the species in EPPO A2 list is no.58, EU: I/A2 (EPPO, 2018). Bacterial wilt disease was first reported in southern USA in the late nineteenth century on tomato plants (Smith, 1896). Infected plant materials (e.g. potato tubers) transmit the pathogen over long distances; hence, quarantine inspections and plant sanitary practices are the cornerstone of disease management (EPPO, 2018). R. solanacearum strains in the race 3 group are a select agent under the US Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 (USDA, 2005). Peculiarly, the organism, if not yet already present in North America in pelargonium (Strider et al., 1981), was introduced with cuttings of this host by American companies producing these cuttings for their markets in countries like Kenya and Guatemala (Norman et al., 1999, 2009; Kim et al., 2002; Williamson et al., 2002; O'Hern, 2004). A similar situation led to introductions of the pathogen from Kenya into some northern European nurseries. Once the source (contaminated surface water) was recognized and proper control measures (use of deep soil water, disinfection of cutting producing premises and replacement of mother stock), the problem was solved and the disease in greenhouses eradicated (Janse et al., 2004). Similarly race 1 has been introduced into greenhouses with ornamental plants (rhizomes, cuttings or fully grown plants) such as Epipremnum, Anthurium, Curcuma spp. and Begonia eliator from tropical areas (Norman and Yuen, 1998, 1999; Janse et al., 2006; Janse, 2012). Introduction can and did occur from Costa Rica and the Caribbean, Indonesia, Thailand and South Africa. However, this idea of placing pathogens on bioterrorist list for unclear and perhaps industry-driven reasons and its effects, is strongly opposed in a recent publication from leading phytobacteriologists. This is because R. solanacearum is an endemic pathogen, causing endemic disease in most parts of its geographic occurrence, moreover normal quarantine regulations are already in place where the disease is not present or only sporadically and are thought to be more efficient and less damaging to trade and research than placing this pathogen on select agent lists and treating it as such (Young et al., 2008). Peculiarly, it has been used in the control of a real invasive species, the weed kahili ginger (Hedychium gardenarium) in tropical forests in Hawaii. This is not without risks because strains occurring on this weed host were thought to be non-virulent, but later appeared to be virulent on many edible and ornamental ginger species as well (Anderson and Gardner, 1999; Paret et al., 2008). Another threat for these countries could be strains belonging to race 1, biovar 1 (phylotype I) that have already been reported from field-grown potatoes in Portugal (Cruz et al., 2008).
Uneven running: How does trunk‐leaning affect the lower‐limb joint mechanics and energetics?
Authors: AminiAghdam Soran , Karamanidis Kiros , Rode Christian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the role of trunk posture in running locomotion. Twelve recreational runners ran in the laboratory across even and uneven ground surface (expected 10 cm drop‐step) with three trunk‐lean angles from the vertical (self‐selected, ∼15°; anterior, ∼25°; posterior, ∼0°) while 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a 3D motion‐capture‐system and two embedded force‐plates. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVAs (α = 0.05) compared lower‐limb joint mechanics (angles, moments, energy absorption and generation) and ground‐reaction‐force parameters (braking and propulsive impulse) between Step (level and drop) and Posture conditions. The Step‐by‐Posture interaction revealed decreased hip energy generation, and greater peak knee extension moment in the drop‐step during running with posterior versus anterior trunk‐lean. Furthermore, energy absorption across hip and ankle nearly doubled in the drop‐step across all running conditions. The Step main effect revealed that the knee and ankle energy absorption, ankle energy generation, ground‐reaction‐force, and braking impulse significantly increased in the drop‐step. The Posture main effect revealed that, compared with a self‐selected trunk‐lean, the knee's energy absorption/generation, ankle's energy generation and the braking impulse were either retained or attenuated when leaning the trunk anteriorly. The opposite effects occurred with a posterior trunk‐lean. In conclusion, while the pronounced mechanical ankle stress in drop‐steps is marginally affected by posture, changing the trunk‐lean reorganizes the load distribution across the knee and hip joints. Leaning the trunk anteriorly in running shifts loading from the knee to the hip not only in level running but also when coping with ground‐level changes.Highlights
Changing the trunk‐lean when running reorganizes the load distribution across the knee and hip joints.
Leaning the trunk anteriorly from a habitual trunk posture during running attenuates the mechanical stress on the knee, while the opposite effect occurs with a posterior trunk‐lean, irrespective to the ground surface uniformity.
The effect of posture on pronounced mechanical ankle stress in small perturbation height during running is marginal.
Leaning the trunk anteriorly shifts loading from the knee to the hip not only in level running but also when coping with small perturbation height.
Integrating transwomen athletes into elite competition: The case of elite archery and shooting
Authors: Hamilton Blair R. , Guppy Fergus M. , Barrett James , Seal Leighton , Pitsiladis Yannis 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe inclusion of transwomen into elite female sport has been brought into question recently with World Rugby banning transwomen from the elite female competition, aiming to prioritise safety over fairness and inclusion, citing the size, force and power‐producing advantages conferred to transwomen. The same question is being asked of all Olympic sports including non‐contact sports such as archery and shooting. As both these Olympic sports are the polar opposite to the contact sport of rugby in terms of the need to consider the safety of athletes, the IF of both archery and shooting should consider the other elements when deciding the integration of trans individuals in their sports. Studies on non‐athletic transwomen have reported muscle mass and strength loss in the range of 5–10% after 1 year of their transition, with these differences no longer apparent after 2 years. Therefore, based on the current scientific literature, it would be justified for meaningful competition and to prioritise fairness, that transwomen be permitted to compete in elite archery after 2 years of GAT. Similarly, it would be justified in terms of shooting to prioritise inclusion and allow transwomen after 1 year of GAT given that the only negligible advantage that transwomen may have is superior visuospatial coordination. The impact of this considered integration of transwomen in elite sports such as archery and shooting could be monitored and lessons learned for other sports, especially where there are no safety concerns from contact with an opponent.
Application of On-Line Sorbentless Cryogenic Needle Trap Extraction Coupled with GC-FID for Analysis of Some Organic Volatile Impurities in Solid Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Djozan Djavanshir , Norouzi Jamal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An automated sorbentless cryogenic needle trap device (ASCNTD) was developed for the extraction of organic volatile impurities (OVIs) from solid pharmaceuticals prior to their determination by gas chromatography (GC). In this method, a new set up was designed and used to extraction of several OVIs from ceftazidime, ceftriaxone sodium and amoxicillin. For this purpose, a proper amount of the sample was transferred into the extraction vessel. The sample headspace components were started to circulate through a needle with a flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The OVIs were trapped on the inner surface of a needle placed on top of the sample by flowing liquid nitrogen. After a predetermined time, the coiled nichrome resistance wire placed into the hollow ceramic rod was heated and the trapped analytes were desorbed and swept into the GC capillary column using the carrier gas. The effective parameters such as volume of the sample vial, headspace flow rate, extraction temperature and time, and desorption conditions have been investigated. Qualification studies reveal that pyridine (as a degradation product of ceftazidime), methylene chloride, diethylamine, triethylamine, isopropyl alcohol and n-butyl acetate are the main impurities in the studied pharmaceuticals. Detected OVIs were quantitated using external standard method. The obtained relative standard deviation values were &lt;8%, and the limits of detection (LOD) for the detected OVIs were in the range of 1–34 ng g−1.
A-lines and B-lines in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Johannessen Øyvind , Claggett Brian , Lewis Eldrin F , Groarke John D , Swamy Varsha , Lindner Moritz , Solomon Scott D , Platz Elke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Lung ultrasound (LUS) relies on detecting artefacts, including A-lines and B-lines, when assessing dyspnoeic patients. A-lines are horizontal artefacts and characterize normal lung, whereas multiple vertical B-lines are associated with increased lung density. We sought to assess the prevalence of A-lines and B-lines in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and examine their clinical correlates and their relationship with outcomes.

Methods and results
In a prospective cohort study of adults with AHF, eight-zone LUS and echocardiography were performed early during the hospitalization and pre-discharge at an imaging depth of 18 cm. A- and B-lines were analysed separately off-line, blinded to clinical and outcome data. Of 164 patients [median age 71 years, 61% men, mean ejection fraction (EF) 40%], the sum of A-lines at baseline ranged from 0 to 19 and B-line number from 0 to 36. One hundred and fifty-six patients (95%) had co-existing A-lines and B-lines at baseline. Lower body mass index and lower chest wall thickness were associated with a higher number of A-lines (P trend &lt; 0.001 for both). In contrast to B-lines, there was no significant change in the number of A-lines from baseline to discharge (median 6 vs. 5, P = 0.80). While B-lines were associated with 90-day HF readmission or death, A-lines were not [HR 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.51 vs. HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.65–1.43].

Conclusions
A-lines and B-lines on LUS co-exist in the vast majority of hospitalized patients with AHF. In contrast to B-lines, A-lines were not associated with adverse outcomes.
Diagnostic pathways in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA)
Authors: Occhipinti Giovanni , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Capodanno Davide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When acute myocardial injury is found in a clinical setting suggestive of myocardial ischaemia, the event is labelled as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the absence of coronary stenosis angiographically 50% or greater leads to the working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). The initial diagnosis of MINOCA can be confirmed or ruled out based on the results of subsequent investigations. This narrative review discusses the downstream diagnostic approaches to MINOCA, and appraises strengths and limitations of invasive and non-invasive investigations for this condition. The aim of this article is to increase the awareness that establishing the underlying cause of a MINOCA is possible in the vast majority cases. Determining the cause of MINOCA and excluding other possible causes for cardiac troponin elevation has notable implications for tailoring secondary prevention measures aimed at improving the overall prognosis of AMI.
The genetic basis of differential autodiploidization in evolving yeast populations
Authors: Tung Sudipta , Bakerlee Christopher W , Phillips Angela M , Nguyen Ba Alex N , Desai Michael M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpontaneous whole-genome duplication, or autodiploidization, is a common route to adaptation in experimental evolution of haploid budding yeast populations. The rate at which autodiploids fix in these populations appears to vary across strain backgrounds, but the genetic basis of these differences remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that the frequency of autodiploidization differs dramatically between two closely related laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BY4741 and W303. To investigate the genetic basis of this difference, we crossed these strains to generate hundreds of unique F1 segregants and tested the tendency of each segregant to autodiplodize across hundreds of generations of laboratory evolution. We find that variants in the SSD1 gene are the primary genetic determinant of differences in autodiploidization. We then used multiple laboratory and wild strains of S. cerevisiae to show that clonal populations of strains with a functional copy of SSD1 autodiploidize more frequently in evolution experiments, while knocking out this gene or replacing it with the W303 allele reduces autodiploidization propensity across all genetic backgrounds tested. These results suggest a potential strategy for modifying rates of spontaneous whole-genome duplications in laboratory evolution experiments in haploid budding yeast. They may also have relevance to other settings in which eukaryotic genome stability plays an important role, such as biomanufacturing and the treatment of pathogenic fungal diseases and cancers.