bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal AnnexinA2′s Role In Angiogenesis And Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Maji Sayantan , Vishwanatha Jamboor 
Published: June 2021

Early detection of cancer using circulating biomarkers is a realistic possibility with the discovery of exosomes which are 40‐100nm in size and comprise a major portion of secretory vesicles. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a 36 KD Ca+2 dependent phospholipid‐binding protein up‐regulated in many cancer types and implicated in promoting tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Although AnxA2 is highly expressed in exosomes, its function has never been studied. We propose to explore the correlation and functionality of exosomal AnxA2 (exo‐AnxA2) in breast cancerMethodsExosomes were isolated from MCF10 progression model,MDA‐MB‐231 and its organ specific metastatic variants and characterized via Western blotting and particle size analyzer. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to study the correlation between exo‐AnxA2 and breast cancer progression. In vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays explored the role of exo‐AnxA2 in angiogenesis. Experimentally induced (intracardiac injection) and spontaneous (mammary fat pad) metastasis models were used to study the role of exo‐AnxA2 in metastasis. To study AnxA2 specific function, LCKLSL inhibitory peptide or shAnxA2 were used.ResultsAFM and Western analysis showed increased levels of exo‐AnxA2 along the progression modelimageAngiogenesis studies with LCKLSL showed exo‐AnxA2 to be a potent inducer of angiogenesisimageBoth the metastasis models showed exo‐AnxA2 to be a potent inducer of metastasisConclusionWe found increased expression of exo‐AnxA2 in cancer exosomes vs. normal. Further, we found that exo‐AnxA2 is a potent inducer of angiogenesis and breast cancer metastasis indicating a possible role of exo‐AnxA2 in tumor‐ microenvironment signaling and cancer progression(Supported by NIMHHD grant under Award Number P20MD006882)
Elucidating the structural consequences of CQC‐mediated dimerization of MUC1
Authors: Stachowski Tim , Li Edwin 
Published: June 2021

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a highly glycosylated single pass membrane protein that serves as a selective barrier against pathogens and engages in signal transduction influencing cellular growth and differentiation. Overexpression of mucins have been linked to 80‐90% of all human solid tissue cancers. Constitutive homodimerization, as a result of overexpression, leads to the formation of complexes with growth factor receptors and targeting to the nucleus, where MUC1 interacts with effector proteins regulating gene expression.Recent studies have shown that the MUC1 cytosolic membrane proximal CQC motif promotes dimerization under oxidizing conditions, suggesting that the motif may act as a redox switch in response to changes of oxidant levels. Preliminary studies have shown that the transmembrane domain (TMD) of MUC1 lacking the CQC motif form weak dimers, confirming their contribution to dimerization. Also, results show that TMDs containing the CQC in an oxidizing environment exhibit increased dimerization, further enforcing the role of the motif acts as a redox switch.Using the ToxR dimerization assay, the effects of single amino acid substitutions in TMDs with the CQC motif and TMDs with the CQC‐>AQA motif are being measured. Our goal is to determine (1) whether certain amino acids in the TMD play a key role in forming MUC1 homodimers, and (2) whether the CQC motif induces a structural change when it functions as a redox switch. These conclusions will contribute to our understanding of MUC1 dimerization and provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Pharmaceutical Control of the Microbiome
Authors: Pollet Rebecca , Wallace Bret , Robers Adam , Boelsterli Urs , Mani Sridhar , Redinbo Matthew 
Published: June 2021

The intestinal microbiota encode millions of genes that represent unique pharmaceutical targets for human diseases from neurological disorders to drug toxicity. We are interested in the role intestinal microbiota play in reactivating compounds that have been inactivated through glucuronidation. In particular, the chemotherapy drug CPT‐11 is inactivated by UGTs in the liver and then reactivated by bacterial Β‐glucuronidases in the large intestine resulting in dose‐limiting diarrhea. We characterized the structure and function of three Β‐glucuronidase enzymes from different bacteria and showed that a key bacterial loop allows for selective inhibition of these enzymes versus the human enzyme orthologue. We have developed, using chemical biology, novel inhibitors that potently and non‐lethally inhibit bacterial Β‐glucuronidases and stop drug toxicity of CPT‐11 in mouse models. We also examined the toxicity caused by the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac, ketoprofen, and indomethacin. These drugs were also hypothesized to be reactivated by bacterial Β‐glucuronidases, resulting in the acute longitudinal small intestinal ulcers that causer 40% of NSAID‐associated deaths. We found our inhibitors are also effective against this type of drug toxicity and alleviated the intestinal ulcers seen in mouse models. Thus, we have established that the microbiome contains targets for non‐lethal pharmacology to address acute problems of human health.Funding from NIH CA98468 and NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
Milk Osmolality and Body Hydration Status in Lactating Mothers from the Western Highlands of Guatemala
Authors: Soto Mendez Maria , Maldonado Alejandra , Burgunder Lauren , Scieszka Laura , Gil Angel , Solomons Noel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHuman plasma osmolality is tightly regulated in the 275 – 295 mOsm/kg range and breast milk osmolality (Mosm) oscillates through a slightly higher range. Studies in dairy cows demonstrate an influence of systemic hydration on bovine MosmObjectiveTo describe hydration status in lactating women and explore any relation with MosmMethods31 low‐ and middle‐income women gave a full‐breast expression after 90 min of nursing abstinence along with a concurrent spot sample of urine, 15 of whom repeated ~7 days later. Milk volume (Mvol) was measured and aliquots of urine and milk stored from 1 to 12 wks. Osmolality was determined in both fluids using a Vogel, Löser 815 osmometer expressed as mOsm/kg. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20ResultsThe Mvol ranged from 2‐100 mL, and Mosm from 288‐448 mOsm/kg, whereas Uosm ranged from 93‐1678 mOsm/kg. Nevertheless, the Spearmann rank‐order correlation coefficient was r=0.214 (p=0.153) [n=46]; Mosm was not associated with maternal age r=0.243 (p=0.104), nor with lactation age r= ‐0.280 (p=0.060). Pearson correlation for repeat Mosm was r=0.204 (p=0.233) and for Uosm was r=0.642 (p=0.005) [n=15]ConclusionsLactating women have higher Uosm than other sectors in Western Guatemala. Mosm is not associated with systemic hydration as reflected by Uosm. There is a high association of systemic hydration status on repeated measurementSupported byThe European Hydration Institute, Madrid, Spain; Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutricion, Granada, Spain; and Hildegard Grunow Foundation, Munich, Germany
Osmolality values of previously frozen human milk from Guatemalan mothers: Effects of temperature range for thawing and of storage duration.
Authors: Burgunder Lauren , Scieszka Laura , Soto‐Mendez Maria J. , Maldonado Alejandra , Solomons Noel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFreezing and thawing of milk alters a number of assay values and a practical perspective for osmolality is needed.ObjectivesTo determine the consistency of osmolality values in human milk (Mosm) after varying frozen storage‐time and thawing protocols.Methods14 lactating women gave a 1st full‐breast expression after 90 min of nursing abstinence and 11 returned within a wk for a 2nd extraction. 3 aliquots were stored at ‐20oC: 1st brought to 21°C and measured within 1 wk; 2nd with same procedure ~10‐11 wks later; and 3rd warmed to 37oC in a water bath and then cooled to 21oC also at this later time. Single milk collections from 16 additional women were analyzed at the final time‐point by both thawing routines. Mosm was determined on a Vogel Löser 815 osmometer and expressed as mOsm/kg.ResultsFor the subgroup of 25 samples measured twice after standard thawing (early and late), the respective Mosm medians were 288 mOsm/kg and 309 mOsm/kg (p=<0.001, Wilcoxon test). The Pearson r‐value was 0.772 (p=<0.001). This is consistent with the typical osmolality of ~300 mOsm/kg. The overall descriptive Mosm median for the 46 milk specimens measured after simple thawing was 308 mOsm/kg compared to 304 mOsm/kg; this 1.3% difference was significant (p=0.011). The Pearson correlation coefficient was r=0.847 (p=<0.001). 85% of values were within a band of ±5% of the median.ConclusionMinor variations in storage and handling produce significant, but not practically meaningful, differences for osmolality research with human milk.
Impact of Reducing Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Consumption on Total Calorie and Sugar Intake
Authors: Collin Lindsay , Welsh Jean 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectiveWith increasing evidence of a positive association between sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and obesity, advising high consumers to reduce this consumption has become a leading prevention strategy. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on total energy and sugar intake when habitual high consumers of SSBs reduce their intake.MethodsA 3‐month crossover study was done among 22 overweight males and females ages 16‐21 who consumed >3 servings of SSBs daily at baseline. Subjects were instructed to replace all sweet beverages (SSBs, diet drinks, juices) with study provided bottled water (3 daily) for month 1 and either 100% apple juice or coke (order randomized) for months 2 and 3, but to otherwise continue with their usual diet and activity. Three 24‐hour dietary recalls (2 weekday and 1 weekend) were completed by phone to assess dietary intake during each of the beverage conditions. Energy and sugar intake between beverage conditions was compared using paired t‐tests.ResultsMean total energy and sugar intake both decreased when baseline SSB intake was replaced with water, ‐337 kcal (p=0.008) and ‐64.3 g (p<0.001), respectively. When SSBs (caffeinated cola drink) were reintroduced total energy and added sugar both increased, +354 kcal (p=0.02), and +85.6 g (p<0.001), respectively compared to the water condition.ConclusionsThese results suggest that when SSBs are replaced with water, high consumers do not compensate by increasing consumption of other sources of sugars or energy. When sugar‐containing beverages replace water, both total sugar and total energy intake increase.
Maternal Perceptions and Experiences with an Intervention to Increase Adherence to WHO‐Recommended Zinc (Zn) + Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) for Diarrhea Treatment in Western Guatemala
Authors: García Meza Rosario , Roche Marion , Vossenaar Marieke , Solomons Noel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDiarrheal is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity among Guatemalan children. As Zn+ORS in diarrhea therapy has potential to save lives and reduce illness in children, it is recommended by the WHO. In Guatemala, little is known about Zn+ORS adherence and the influencing factors among caregiversObjectiveTo understand caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that influence adherence to Zn+ORS for diarrhea treatment in children 蠄5y and how these were impacted by a Zn+ORS co‐packaging interventionMethodsWe report the qualitative findings from a larger community‐based randomized intervention trial, in which Zn+ORS was co‐packaged at the facility and provider counseling for diarrhea treatment was strengthened. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 40 caregivers of children <5y in 20 health posts in Western GuatemalaResultsMothers perceived the co‐packaging of Zn+ORS as an added value and a motivation to adhere to treatment. Enablers to adherence included receiving respectful and treatment specific counseling in their mother tongue, treatment without‐cost, a good‐graphical explanation of dose and preparation, and home visits to follow‐up on child´s health improvement by health care representatives.ConclusionThe co‐packaging of Zn+ORS and respectful counseling both increased the perceived value of regular diarrhea treatment. The intervention positively influenced mothers' adherence to the prescription and created demand for treatmentFinanced byGrand Challenges Canada & Micronutrient Initiative
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody‐Based Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay for Alternaria Mycotoxin Iso‐Tenuazonic Acid in Food Products
Authors: Xiao Zhi‐Li , Wang Ya‐Li , Shen Yu‐Dong , Xu Zhen‐Lin , Dong Jie‐Xian , Wang Hong , Wang Feng , Yang Jin‐Yi , Lei Hong‐Tao Lei , Sun Yuan‐Ming 
Published: June 2021

A sensitive and specific indirect competitive ELISA for the detection of Alternaria mycotoxins Iso‐tenuazonic acid (ITeA) is first described. The derivatized hapten ITeAHGA was coupled to bovine serum albumin as immunogen and the specific monoclonal antibody(MAb) was prepared. IC50 for ITeAH was 7.8 ng/mL and the limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL.
imageRecovery values of food samples spiked with ITeA were determined

Matrix
spiked (ng/mL or ng/g)
icELISA found (ng/mL or ng/g)

Recovery± SDb (%)
CV (%)

apple
30
93.3 ± 10.2
10.9

juice
150
98.7 ± 9.8
9.9

300
109.8 ± 10.6
9.7

beer
150
89.1 ± 7.9
8.8

300
93.2 ± 8.2
8.8

720
82.3 ± 3.6
4.4

tomato
150
94.3 ± 9.7
10.3

ketchup
300
93.2 ±11.4
12.2

720
107.3 ± 6.5
6.1

and good relevance with standard HPLC‐MS/MS were obtained.
image
Temporal dietary patterns derived from Spectral clustering and factor analysis are associated with diet quality using NHANES 1999‐2004.
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Hwang Youngha , Gelfand Saul , Delp Edward , Eicher‐Miller Heather 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe study evaluated the relationship of temporal dietary patterns derived from a novel application of spectral clustering and factor analysis, to dietary quality among adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999‐2004).MethodsNHANES adult participants (20‐65y) with a complete day‐one 24‐hour dietary recall were clustered based on proportional energy intake, time of eating, and number of eating occasions, using algorithms of spectral clustering analysis and factor analysis. The association between clusters and mean dietary quality, as indicated by the 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI), was evaluated using multiple linear regression and controlled for potential confounders.ResultsMean dietary quality among the four clusters representing distinct temporal dietary patterns was significantly different (P<0.0001). The cluster representing a pattern with proportionally equivalent energy intake consumed at three evenly spaced intake occasions throughout the daytime had the highest HEI score (50.1±0.3, mean±SEM).ImplicationKnowledge of the temporal aspect of dietary patterns may enhance understanding of the relationship of diet to health within the context of daily patterns.FundingPurdue University
Diet Pattern and HEI‐2010 Score for US Adults Meeting Fiber Intake Recommendations NHANES 2001‐2010
Authors: McGill Carla , Birkett Anne 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the diet pattern and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010 score for US adults meeting the Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber using NHANES 2001‐2010 (n=2,565). Weighted intakes of fiber and HEI‐2010 scores were calculated and food sources categorized according to the USDA FNDDS, 5.0. Food sources of fiber (% of total) for adults age 19+ years who met the AI for fiber were grain products (40.6%), vegetables (17.8%), dry beans/peas/legumes/nuts & seeds (17.1%), fruits (15.6%), meat/poultry/fish& mixtures (5%) and all other foods (3.9%). Grain products consumed (% of total) were grain mixtures/frozen plate meals/soups (27.2%), ready‐to‐eat cereals (RTEC)(22.5%), yeast breads/rolls (14.8%), quick breads (11.2%), crackers /salty snacks (9.3%), pastas (7.0%) and cakes/cookies/pies/pastries (6.7%). Overall, RTEC and grain mixtures/frozen plate meals/soupswith grain as a major ingredient accounted for 50% of all grain products consumed. The mean HEI‐2010 score for US adults meeting the AI for fiber was 61.05. The change in HEI‐2010 score for each quartile increase in fiber intake was +3.10 points. Grain products, including RTEC and mixtures, made a significant contribution to fiber intake for adults meeting the AI for fiber. HEI‐2010 scores for adults meeting the AI for fiber were higher than the mean score for the US population (age 2+ years) reported by USDA of 53.5 (based on NHANES 2007‐08). Increased fiber intake resulted in an increase in HEI‐2010 score of 3.10 for each fiber intake quartile, with grains and mixtures being important sources of fiber for US adults meeting the AI.Funding support provided by the Kellogg Company
AEROBIC CAPACITY IMPROVE ALTERED COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Teixeira Okesley , Burini Franz , Moreto Fernando , Manda Rodrigo , Burini Roberto 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONIt is well stablished that Metabolic syndrome (MS) is consequence of sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition, hence modulated by physical activityPURPOSETo verify the effects of lifestyle modification program on the aerobic capacity of patients with MSMETHODSFrom the data of 1,109 patients aged 35‐78 years 124 fullfiled the inclusion criteria of having all variables. These variables included values of clinical, treadmill Balke protocol‐(TE), anthropometric and bioquemistry. MS were defined by NCEP‐ATP III. Were offered 5 times a week of walking/jogging (3x/wk) and strenght training (2x/wk) during 20 weeks.RESULTSMen and women have incresead aerobic capacity in 18% and 20% respectively. With the exception of glucose and tryglicerides all others MS components had improvement: decrease waist circunference (104.0 ± 16.4 cm x 101.6 ± 15.2/95.2 ± 12.7 cm x 94.2 ± 12.1 cm), sistolic blood pressure (128.7 ± 13.4 mmHg x 123.4 ± 12 mmHg/127.5 ± 15.1 mmHg x 123.2 ± 13 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (80.5 ± 7,8 mmHg x 77.4 ± 7,1 mmHg/80 ± 8.3 mmHg x 77.7 ± 9.2 mmHg) and increase HDL‐C (41.5 ± 11.4 x 43.8 ± 11.4 mg/dL/48.9 ± 12.3 x 51.3 ± 11.3 mg/dL) for men and women respectively. After ẋ analysis we observed a decreased in prevalence of MS (p=0.0118). From regression analysis TE resolved MS in 3.18 (OR: 2.23‐4.56). When we adjust for gender and age TE resolved MS in 3.02 (OR: 2.09‐4.35) and when adjust for gender and age and body mass index TE resolved MS in 1.63 (OR: 1.08‐2.47)CONCLUSIONAerobic capacity had a strong, inverse and independent association with MS components. Men and women who are in the lowest quartile of TE had 1.63‐fold to resolve MS when adjusted for gender and age and body mass index
Effects of a 12‐Week Health and Fitness Program on the Health Status of University Police Officers
Authors: Cloutier Gregory , Morton Alvin , Pierson Mackenzie , Arguello Diego , Castaneda‐Sceppa Carmen 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine physiological and metabolic changes (e.g., blood pressure, lipid profile, aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscle strength and power, and body composition) in healthy Campus Police Officers in response to a 12‐week health and fitness intervention combining: strength and power training (SPT), cardiovascular exercise (CVE), and nutrition education.Methods11 participants (8 males, 3 females) 37±10 years and BMI 30.6±3.0 kg/m2, completed 12 SPT and CVE sessions 3/week at a facility of their choice. Exercise sessions included: leg extension, combined with P‐box jumps and hamstring ball planks; chest press, combined with P‐push‐up hops and ball roll‐outs; shoulder press, combined with pull‐down; and abdominal curls on a ball. All participants performed 3 sets for each exercise at a resistance that solicited failure by 10‐12 repetitions, combined with an interval CVE on alternating days. Three nutrition education sessions were held during the 12‐week period.ResultsTotal cholesterol, resting heart rate, leg power, and push‐up strength were significantly improved after the intervention (P<0.05). There was a trend for significant improvements in flexibility and sit‐and‐reach (P=0.09). No significant differences were observed between genders on any of the measures collected.ConclusionA 12‐week health and fitness intervention resulted in parallel gains in cardiovascular risk factors and power in both men and women police officers. More research is needed to determine if longer‐term programs like this will result in significant improvements in physiological and metabolic parameters known to influence health, fitness, and well‐being in this vulnerable population.
Relationships between body mass index (BMI) and the health status in elderly Mongolian subjects with COPD
Authors: Nakao Motoyuki , Ishihara Yoko 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWe previously reported that the health status of overweight Chinese COPD patients were significantly better than those in normal weight patients, but not in Japanese patient. In this study, we examined the relationships between the health status and BMI in Mongolia, compared with those in China and Japan. [Method] We examined factors affecting the health status of Mongolians from 2012 to 2013. Participants were local residents of 50‐79 years old (n=521). Health status was measured using COOP/WONCA charts, and information such as symptoms and medical history were reported by participants. Pulmonary function was measured by spirometer, and physician evaluated airflow limitation by GOLD criteria. Data of 782 subjects (399 Chinese, 383 Japanese) in the previous study were compared with those of Mongolian. [Result] Healthy Mongolian subjects showed significantly higher BMI than those of healthy Japanese and Chinese. COPD patients in Mongolia and Japan, but not in China, showed significantly lower BMI than healthy subjects. BMI was inversely‐correlated with COPD GOLD stage health status only in Chinese male patients. There was no significant effect of BMI on health status and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Mongolian and Japanese patients. ConclusionThere was no difference in health status between healthy and COPD subjects in Mongolia and Japan. Despite of the difference of medical environment between Mongolia and Japan, the health statuses of patients were not correlated with BMI in Mongolia and Japan. There is limitation that the differences of proportion of severity of COPD between these three countries. Since Chinese COPD patients contained those with more advanced stage, it became a limitation for accurately compare patients across three countries.