bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodology for Qur’anic lexical translation
Authors: Salama Amir H. Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study propounds a methodology for the translation of Qur’anic lexis in a way that synergizes semantic
preference, discourse prosody, and para/intertextuality. Towards the validation of this methodology, the Qur’anic lexical item
آيـة (āyah) is investigated at two levels: (a) the
intertextual level of the semantic preferences emerging in the various co-texts of āyah inside the Qurʼan and (b)
the paratextual level of the overall discourse prosody underlying these semantic preferences in the exegetical contexts of
āyah. The research finds firstly that there are four semantic preferences associated with
āyah, viz. cosmological phenomena, miraculous tokens, conclusive evidence, and divine
revelations/communications. Second, the discourse prosody underlying the Qurʼanic usages of āyah is divine
visibility, which motivates the word’s generic English translation as “sign.” Third, in rendering the lexical item آيـة (āyah) into English, the well-known Qur’an translators in the Qurʼanic
Arabic Corpus have opted either for “sign,” to maintain the positive discourse prosody associated with the Qur’anic usages of the
item, or “token,” “portent,” “miracle(s),” or “verse/revelations/communications,” with a view to observing the semantic
preferences associated with them.
Analysis of sedentariness in women from a gender and equity perspective
Authors: Pinto‐Carbó M. , Vanaclocha‐Espi M. , Ibañez J. , Hernández‐García M. , Salas D. , Molina‐Barceló A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis cross‐sectional study aimed to analyse the social and gender‐related factors influencing sedentariness in women, including occupation and family size (FS). We included women aged 45–70 years participating in the Breast Cancer Screening Programme of the Valencia Region (BCSP‐VR) between November 2018 and October 2019 (n = 121,988). The response variable was sedentariness measured by sitting time in hours/day (h/day) (<3 h/day and ≥3 h/day). The explanatory variables were age, educational level, country of origin, living alone, childcare responsibilities, FS, disability, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. Logistic regression models were adjusted for the whole sample and were stratified by occupation and FS. The variables that increased the odds of sedentariness were age ≥65 years (OR = 1.28; CI = 1.20–1.36), high educational level (OR = 1.39; CI = 1.31–1.47), non‐manual occupation (OR = 2.38; CI = 2.27–2.48), living alone (OR = 1.11; CI = 1.05–1.17), disability (OR = 1.37; CI = 1.20–1.56) and BMI ≥ 30 (OR = 1.33; CI = 1.28–1.38). The variables decreasing the odds were large (OR = 0.90; CI = 0.87–0.96) and medium FS (OR = 0.93; CI = 0.90–0.97). Older age, high educational level and high BMI conferred a higher odd of sedentary lifestyle, independently of occupation and FS with statistical differences. Protective factors were childcare responsibilities in non‐working women (OR = 0.86; CI = 0.74–0.99), large FS in women with manual occupations (OR = 0.88; CI = 0.80–0.97) and medium FS in housewives (OR = 0.91; CI = 0.86–0.97). This study identified social and gender‐related inequalities in the factors influencing sedentariness, which were related to the type of occupation and FS.Highlights
There are social and gender inequalities in the factors influencing sedentariness
Non‐manual occupation increases the risk of sedentary lifestyle
Belonging to a medium or large family decreases the risk of sedentary behaviour
Childcare responsibilities are related to lower sitting time throughout the day
Different but similar?: Comparing the IBA Rules on the taking of evidence with the Prague Rules
Authors: Rangachari Rekha , Duggal Kabir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Until recently, the most common source concerning the taking of evidence in international arbitrations has been the International Bar Association (IBA) Rules on Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration. The IBA Rules have been updated periodically including most recently in 2020 demonstrating its flexibility and wide acceptance. However, rising concerns about costs and delays due to the adversarial nature of the IBA Rules has led to increasing scrutiny and criticism. A consequence of these criticisms was the formation of the Working Group that led to the creation of the Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration (the ‘Prague Rules’). This article seeks to discuss the differences between the IBA Rules and the Prague Rules with a focus on the evidentiary process. Both set of rules begin with differing starting assumptions. However, we argue that the IBA Rules and the Prague Rules, while emerging from, and representing the ideals of two different legal systems, have a lot in common. The difference may not ultimately be as wide as one might initially envision.
A-1 Neuropsychiatric Symptoms over Time in Autopsy-Confirmed Alzheimer’s Disease, Lewy Body Disease, and Mixed Pathology
Authors: Schaffert Jeff , Goette Will , Carlew Anne , Parker Allison , Patel Saranya , Lacritz Laura , Rossetti Heidi , Cullum Munro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in neurodegenerative disease, but longitudinal studies using large autopsy-confirmed samples are lacking. Our primary aim was to investigate progression of NPS over time in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease (ad), Lewy body disease (LBD), and mixed (ad+LBD) cohorts.

Methods
Data on individuals (age &gt; =50) with autopsy-confirmed ad (N = 1568), ad+LBD (N = 349), and LBD (N = 142) was obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (Mean visits = 2.61). Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were used to measure NPS. Multilevel zero-inflated binomial regression models were used to assess if NPI-Q and GDS scores differed among ad, ad+LBD, and LBD groups over time. Covariates included: years from baseline to final visit, cognitive status at baseline (i.e., normal, MCI, or dementia), demographic characteristics, MMSE, Functional Activities Questionnaire, and psychotropic treatment of psychiatric conditions.

Results
Higher NPI-Q and GDS scores were observed at baseline in the LBD group compared to ad (p’s &lt; 0.001). NPI-Q scores increased over time in the LBD group compared to ad+LBD and ad groups (90% CI). GDS scores differed among all groups at baseline (95% CI), with more rapid increase in the LBD group vs. ad and ad+LBD groups.

Conclusions
Overall, the course of NPS differs among disease pathologies. Those with pure LBD appear to have more severe NPS over time compared to those with ad and ad+LBD. Depressive symptoms increased more in LBD and ad+LBD compared to ad over time. Future research examining clinical outcomes related to NPS burden (care needs, caregiver burden, and life expectancy) is needed.
A-2 Clustering and Switching Indices as Discriminators between Alzheimer’s Dementia, Vascular Dementia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment on a Semantic Fluency Task
Authors: Wisinger Amanda M , Phillips Matthew S , Carter Dustin A , Jennette Kyle J , Fink Joseph W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Studies that have used semantic fluency tasks to guide differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (ad) and vascular dementia (VaD) typically only examine the total number of words produced, which has yielded conflicting results. The present study examined whether other indices of semantic fluency (i.e., clustering and switching), which are thought to better isolate the components of semantic memory and executive functioning abilities, would discriminate among ad, VaD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method
A retrospective sample of 156 patients (mean age = 78.64; 76.3% female, 23.7% male; 26.9% White, 71.2% Black, 1.9% Other) who completed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation as part of a workup related to memory concerns and were diagnosed with ad, VaD, or MCI was utilized. Separate univariate analyses of variance were used to examine group differences on three indices of semantic fluency (animals): total words, mean cluster size, and number of switches.

Results
There was a significant main effect of group for total words [F(2,153) = 7.09, p = 0.001], mean cluster size [F(2, 153) = 3.44, p = 0.035] and number of switches [F(2,153) = 3.36, p = 0.037]. Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed that the ad and VaD groups produced significantly fewer total words than the MCI group, the ad group produced significantly smaller clusters than the VaD group, and the VaD group produced significantly fewer switches than the MCI group.

Conclusion
Observed group differences suggest that clustering and switching may aid in discriminating between dementia etiologies. Future studies may benefit from examining the association between these fluency indices and performance on executive functioning and semantic knowledge tasks to better understand these findings.
A-5 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met and Neuropsychological Functioning Following Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Treble-Barna Amery , Kurowski Brad , Martin Lisa , Pilipenko Valentina , Taylor Gerry , Wade Shari , Yeates Keith 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The present study examined the differential effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on neuropsychological functioning in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to children with orthopedic injury (OI).

Method
Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children who sustained a TBI (n = 69) or OI (n = 72) between 3 and 7 years of age. Children completed a battery of neuropsychological measures targeting attention, memory, and executive functions at four time points spanning the immediate post-acute period to 18 months post-injury. Children also completed a comparable age-appropriate battery of measures approximately 7 years post-injury. Parents rated children’s executive functioning at all time points.

Results
Longitudinal mixed models revealed a significant allele status x injury group interaction for verbal fluency (p = 0.007) and a non-significant trend for parent-rated dysexecutive behaviors (p = 0.069), and cross-sectional models at 7 years post-injury revealed a non-significant trend for the allele status x injury group interaction for fluid reasoning skills (p = 0.074). Post hoc analyses suggested a consistent pattern of poorer neuropsychological functioning in Met carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes in the TBI group; in contrast, the opposite trend was observed in the OI group.

Conclusions
The results suggest a differential effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on verbal fluency, dysexecutive behaviors, and fluid reasoning skills in children with early TBI relative to OI, and that the Met allele—associated with reduced activity-dependent secretion of BDNF—confers risk for poorer neuropsychological functioning in children with TBI.
A-89 Age at First Psychiatric Hospitalization Predicts Deviation from Expected Cognitive Ability in Psychosis Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Khalid Elmma , Kaseda Erin T , Dykins Madison M , Gotra Milena Y , Hill Scot K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The present study investigated whether clinical variables related to illness onset (age at symptom onset, diagnosis, first psychiatric hospitalization) predict deviation from expected cognitive ability. Additionally, we examined the potential moderating effect of psychosis groups (“biotypes”).

Method
Cognitive ability was predicted based on demographic variables and estimated premorbid intelligence modeled in controls. The degree to which current cognitive ability (based on Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) deviated from predicted ability was computed in 362 schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar with psychosis patients recruited from the community (Mage = 39.11; 52.2% male; 41.7% White, 41.4% Black, 16.9% Other). Linear regression assessed the relationship between illness onset and deviation scores and moderation analysis was performed using moderated multiple regression.

Results
Only age at first psychiatric hospitalization predicted deviation scores (F(1,328) = 3.93, p &lt; 0.05), such that younger individuals had a greater deviation from expected cognitive ability. The full moderated regression model significantly predicted deviation scores (F(5,330) = 14.05, p &lt; 0.001), and there was a significant effect of age at first psychiatric hospitalization and deviation scores only for biotype 3 (t = 7.37, p &lt; 0.001).

Discussion
Findings suggest that severity of illness at a younger age (requiring hospitalization), rather than earlier symptom onset, may be a risk factor for greater disruption of cognitive development. The association between group membership in biotype 3 (characterized by less cognitive impairment) and lower deviation scores may reflect reduced variability in deviation scores and less disruption of cognitive abilities than other biotypes. When assessing psychosis spectrum patients, clinicians should consider how factors related to illness onset and severity may impact developmental cognitive trajectories.
A-99 Influence of TBI on Rate of Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Older Adults
Authors: Bove Jessica , Asken Breton M , Kramer Joel H , Bauer Russell M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
History of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease later in life, but findings have been inconsistent. We evaluate if past history of TBI affects rate of cognitive decline in clinically normal older adults.

Method
Participants were 190 cognitively normal (CDR &lt; 0.5) older adults (age at baseline: M = 71.6, SD = 7.0) with positive history of TBI (TBI+; n = 83) or no history of TBI (TBI-; n = 107). A comprehensive neuropsychological battery of attention, memory, language, and executive functioning measures as well as functional questionnaires were administered longitudinally (number of visits: M = 3.4, SD = 1.3). Linear mixed effects models assessed the interaction between longitudinal health outcomes and TBI history.

Results
TBI+ showed a faster rate of decline in executive functioning (Stroop interference: p = 0.04), and a faster increase in functional impairment (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) total: p &lt; 0.001; Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total: p = 0.002). Baseline performance on these tests did not distinguish TBI+ from TBI- (Stroop interference, p = 0.4; PASE, p = 0.5; and UPDRS, p = 0.1). TBI+ was not significantly different from TBI- on measures in other cognitive domains.

Conclusions
History of TBI was associated with faster rate of executive functioning decline and more rapid increase in objective and subjective functional impairment in cognitively normal older adults. Findings suggest that sustaining a TBI earlier in life could accelerate cognitive and functional changes even among clinically normal older adults.
A-11 The Neuropsychological Impact of Gender Affirming Treatments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lemke Jillian , Vichinsky Kristine , Corbin Chris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Currently, there is strong evidence to demonstrate neuroanatomical changes in transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) adults following gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GHT). However, there has been no systematic review of the literature pertaining to GHTs’ neuronal effects. Such a review would help develop consensus within neuropsychology regarding standards of assessment with TGNC individuals.

Data Selection
Studies were only included if they assessed neuropsychological or neuroanatomical brain structure changes or functioning following GHT in the TGNC population. Search terms such as “neuropsychology” and “transgender” were entered in Medline, PsychINFO, and ProQuest. The 24 qualifying studies’ methodological and outcome data were critically reviewed by both researchers to reduce bias.

Data Synthesis
Neuroanatomical changes within the subcortical structures are found in TGNC individuals who received GHT over a longer duration. Current guidelines and recommendations do not consider the age of transition, dosage, and duration of GHT when interpreting neurocognitive data of TGNC patients; thus, it can lead to validity issues when selecting appropriate norms and interpreting neurocognitive domains with expected sex differences (i.e., visual, verbal, motor).

Conclusion
The literature review results indicate a paucity of guidelines and analysis related to the ethical practice of neuropsychological evaluation for TGNC individuals. Moving forward, guidelines need to be developed surrounding the age of transition, dosage, and duration of GHT when interpreting brain-behavior relationships on neuropsychological assessments.
A-102 Performance Validity Testing in Telehealth Research: A VA Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study
Authors: O'Rourke Justin , Kanser Robert J , Silva Marc A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Studies on Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) for tele-neuropsychology (TeleNP) are sparse. Verbal PVTs appear to better translate to TeleNP, so the primary objective of this study was to provide initial data on two well-established, verbal PVTs administered via TeleNP for research participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
This secondary analysis of the Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems data included 53 participants enrolled in a PVT module study (3/01/2020–09/20/2020) with documented moderate-to-severe TBI per Glasgow Coma Score (M = 6.5, SD = 4.4), posttraumatic amnesia duration (M = 42.7 days, SD = 47.1), and/or time to follow commands (M = 10.5 days, SD = 16.3). Participants completed two PVTs—Reliable Digit Span (RDS) and the 21-Item Test (21-IT)—alongside telephone-based cognitive assessment 1–7 years after TBI. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare PVT performances to previously established cut scores. Chi square analyses were employed to examine 21-IT and RDS as dichotomous outcomes (pass/fail) at selected cutoffs.

Results
RDS ranged from 5 to 16 (M = 10.5, SD = 2.4). 21-IT ranged from 7 to 21 (M = 16.4, SD = 3.1). For RDS, 9.8% were invalid with a cutscore of ≤7 and 19.6% using a cutscore of ≤8. For the 21-IT, 7.8% were in invalid using a cutscore of ≤11, and 13.7% using a cutscore of ≤12.

Conclusion(s)
Using previously established cut scores, telephone-administered RDS and 21-IT resulted in relatively low rates of invalid performance among individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. These findings provide preliminary support for the RDS and 21-IT in TeleNP.
A-106 Mediating Community Factors in TBI Outcomes of Young Adults
Authors: Pscheid Kelsey , Pierson Eric , Finch Maria Hernandez , Finch Holmes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this study is to determine where racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences exist regarding longitudinal outcomes in young adults following a TBI. The Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) provides data coded for community, racial and ethnic groups and outcomes. This study maps Poverty Solutions Initiative data from the University of Michigan onto TBIMS outcomes data. We hypothesize SES, racial and ethnic differences predict functional and psychosocial outcomes and broader community factors improve prediction. Minorities in economically disadvantaged areas will have poorer functional and psychosocial outcomes.

Method
Data was obtained from the TBIMS database. Participants included (N = 3251) young adults ages 19–24 at the time of their TBI and outcomes for 1, 2 and 5 years after injury. A table of demographic information is provided in the attached image. The poverty Solutions Index was mapped onto TBIMS data by matching county codes.

Results
A mediation analysis was used to synthesize the data. Predictors include race and preinjury income, outcomes include functional and psychosocial, mediators include community SES, and confounders include injury severity.

Conclusions
When controlling for injury severity, relative preinjury income levels seemingly predict functional outcomes. This poster will discuss if and to what extent community factors are a mediator in TBI recovery.
A-109 Examining Relationship of Brain Injury, Anxiety and Workload on Trail Making Test Performances
Authors: Smith Kristina E , Lopez-Hernandez Daniel W , Olmos Winter , Litvin Pavel Y , Nordberg Bethany A , Saravia Sarah , Victor Tara L , Muñoz Isabel , Ayson Maria A , Arzuyan Anna , Vespa Paul , Hovda David A , Bueno Alexis , Budding Deborah , Woo Ellen , Hardy David J , Wright Matthew J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Both anxiety and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are both related to poorer Trail Making Test (TMT) performances. TBI survivors exhibit a greater incidence of anxiety in contrast to the general population. We evaluated the relationship between TBI and anxiety on TMT and perceived workload ratings.

Method
The sample consisted of 39 moderate-to-severe TBI [(21 with normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA) and 18 with abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA)] and 51 healthy comparison (HC; 26 NSA and 25 ASA) participants.

Results
ANCOVA’s, controlling for age, revealed the HC group outperformed the TBI group on TMT part A and TMT part B (TMT-B). An interaction emerged on TMT-B, with TBI-ASA participants outperformed TBI-NSA participants and HC-NSA participants outperformed their counterparts with ASA. Ratings of physical demand and frustration were reported higher in TBI participants compared to the HC participants. Moreover, TBI and anxiety symptoms had interactive effects on NASA-TLX temporal demand and frustration ratings, were TBI-ASA participants reported higher scores in contrast to TBI-NSA. Lastly, an interaction emerged with HC participants with ASA reporting better performances in contrast to HC-NSA.

Conclusions
As expected, TBI participants did worse on both TMT tasks. Next, we found that TBI-ASA participants impacted their TMT-B performance and their perceived workload (i.e., frustration, temporal demand) more than TBI-NSA participants. In the future, studies with a larger sample size should examine if anxiety influences TMT performance and perceived workload in person with mild TBI.