bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum‐dependent photonic synapses based on 2D imine polymers for power‐efficient neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhang Junyao , Shi Qianqian , Wang Ruizhi , Zhang Xuan , Li Li , Zhang Jianhua , Tian Li , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract2D polymers (2DPs) have attracted increasing interests in sensors, catalysis, and gas storage applications. Furthermore, 2DPs with unique band structure and tunable photophysical properties also have immense potential for application in photonic neuromorphic computing. Here, photonic synaptic transistors based on 2DPs as the light‐tunable charge‐trapping medium are developed for the first time. The resulted organic transistors can successfully emulate common synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current, pair‐pulse facilitation, the transition of short‐term memory to long‐term memory, and dynamic filtering. Benefitting from the high photosensitivity of the 2DP, the devices can be operated under a low operating voltage of −0.1 V, and achieve an ultralow energy consumption of ~0.29 pJ per event. In addition, the heterostructure formed between the 2DP and organic semiconductor enables spectrum‐dependent synaptic responses, which facilitates the simulation of visual learning and memory processes in distinct emotional states. The underlying mechanism of spectrum‐dependent synaptic‐like behaviors is systematically validated with in situ atomic force microscopy based electrical techniques. The spectrum‐enabled tunability of synaptic behaviors further promotes the realization of optical logic functions and associative learning. This work inspires the new application of 2DPs in photonic synapses for future neuromorphic computing.image
The role of BAG3 in health and disease: A “Magic BAG of Tricks”
Authors: Lin Heng , Koren Shon A. , Cvetojevic Gregor , Girardi Peter , Johnson Gail V. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe multi‐domain structure of Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) facilitates its interaction with many different proteins that participate in regulating a variety of biological pathways. After revisiting the BAG3 literature published over the past ten years with Citespace software, we classified the BAG3 research into several clusters, including cancer, cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration, and viral propagation. We then highlighted recent key findings in each cluster. To gain greater insight into the roles of BAG3, we analyzed five different published mass spectrometry data sets of proteins that co‐immunoprecipitate with BAG3. These data gave us insight into universal, as well as cell‐type‐specific BAG3 interactors in cancer cells, cardiomyocytes, and neurons. Finally, we mapped variable BAG3 SNPs and also mutation data from previous publications to further explore the link between the domains and function of BAG3. We believe this review will provide a better understanding of BAG3 and direct future studies towards understanding BAG3 function in physiological and pathological conditions.
Hydrogenation of biomass derivatives over Ni/clay catalyst: significant impacts of the treatment of clay with NaOH on the reaction network
Authors: Tian Hongli , Shao Yuewen , Sun Kai , Gao Guoming , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Shu , Xu Leilei , Hu Guangzhi , Hu Xun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrdinary clay is a natural material with bulk volume that can potentially be used as a low‐cost support material for a catalyst after activation.RESULTSIn this study, ordinary clay was pretreated with NaOH and used as the support of a nickel catalyst. The treatment of the clay with NaOH significantly increased the mesopores, remarkably promoting the dispersion of Ni and enhancing the thermal stability of nickel by increasing the interaction of nickel with the support. In addition, the activation of the clay with NaOH created abundant alkaline sites and, correspondingly, reduced the acid sites on the catalyst surface.CONCLUSIONThe presence of the alkaline sites suppressed the acetalization and etherification in the conversion of either furfural or vanillin in ethanol, making hydrogenation the dominant reaction route. The alkaline sites with an electron‐rich nature also suppressed the further hydrogenation of the furan ring in furfuryl alcohol with ethanol as the reaction medium. The nickel catalyst with the untreated clay as support did not have such an effect and the abundant acidic sites made the acetalization/etherification the competitive reactions of hydrogenation. The acidic/basic properties of the Ni/clay before and after the pretreatment with NaOH significantly impacted the reaction network in the hydrogenation reactions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The facile fabrication and structural control of carbon‐MIL‐125 by coupling pre‐hydrolysate and Ti‐MOF for photocatalytic sterilization under visible light
Authors: Sha Lei , Ji Xingxiang , Si Hongyu , Zhang Liqiong , Li Changwei , Wu Qin , Zhao Xin , Chen Honglei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbon‐MIL‐125 can be successfully prepared from pre‐hydrolysate and metal oxide TiO2 (Ti‐MOF) by coupling hydrothermal and carbonization processes. The use of this pre‐hydrolysate to prepare carbon (C)‐based materials could provide a value‐added product and allow the more complete use of bioresources. Combining the photocatalytic bactericidal properties of Ti‐MOF and adsorption capacity of biomass‐based C materials could further improve the antibacterial efficiency of the materials, and C could expand the response range of TiO2 to light and reduce the reorganization rate of photogenerated electrons and holes. This strategy could potentially increase the rate and efficiency of catalytic reactions.RESULTSThe morphologies and structures of samples were controlled via one‐ and two‐step routes. The obtained samples exhibited 1‐2 μm size and different morphologies. C1‐MIL‐125 showed a spherical morophology via ont‐step, C2‐MIL‐125 displayed a new type of rough tablet structure via two‐step. Meanwhile, Ti exists in the form of the mixture of TiO2 in the anatase and rutile phases. The catalytic activity of mixed TiO2 forms is higher than pure anatase or rutile, removal of Escherichia coli could reach 99.00% and 98.67% under a xenon lamp via one‐ and two‐step processes, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis work could realize high value‐added utilization of biomass and is expected to provide new prospects for the design of superior photocatalysts for water disinfection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanisms involved in the production of differently colored feathers in the structurally colored swallow tanager (Tersina viridis; Aves: Thraupidae)
Authors: Bazzano Lisandro T. , Mendicino Lucas R. , Inchaussandague Marina E. , Skigin Diana C. , García Natalia C. , Tubaro Pablo L. , Barreira Ana S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐iridescent, structural coloration in birds originates from the feather's internal nanostructure (the spongy matrix) but melanin pigments and the barb's cortex can affect the resulting color. Here, we explore how this nanostructure is combined with other elements in differently colored plumage patches within a bird. We investigated the association between light reflectance and the morphology of feathers from the back and belly plumage patches of male swallow tanagers (Tersina viridis), which look greenish‐blue and white, respectively. Both plumage patches have a reflectance peak around 550 nm but the reflectance spectrum is much less saturated in the belly. The barbs of both types of feathers have similar spongy matrices at their tips, rendering their reflectance spectra alike. However, the color of the belly feather barbs changes from light green at their tips to white closer to the rachis. These barbs lack pigments and their morphology changes considerably throughout. Toward the rachis, the barb is almost hollow, with a reduced area occupied by spongy matrix, and has a flattened shape. By contrast, the blue back feathers' barbs have melanin underneath the spongy matrix resulting in a much more saturated coloration. The color of these barbs is also even along the barbs' length. Our results suggest that the color differences between the white and greenish‐blue plumage are mostly due to the differential deposition of melanin and a reduction of the spongy matrix near the rachis of the belly feather barbs and not a result of changes in the characteristics of the spongy matrix.
Analysis of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 pathogenesis based on single-cell RNA sequencing of monocytes
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Gao Shouguo , Wu Zhijie , Batchu Sai , Kajigaya Sachiko , Diamond Carrie , Alemu Lemlem , Raffo Diego Quinones , Hoffmann Patrycja , Stone Deborah , Ombrello Amanda K , Young Neal S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by loss-of-function variants in the ADA2 gene. DADA2 typically presents in childhood and is characterized by vasculopathy, stroke, inflammation, immunodeficiency, as well as hematologic manifestations. ADA2 protein is predominantly present in stimulated monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. To elucidate molecular mechanisms in DADA2, CD14+ monocytes from 14 patients and 6 healthy donors were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Monocytes were purified by positive selection based on CD14 expression. Subpopulations were imputed from their transcriptomes. Based on scRNA-seq, monocytes could be classified as classical, intermediate, and nonclassical. Further, we used gene pathway analytics to interpret patterns of up- and down-regulated gene transcription. In DADA2, the frequency of nonclassical monocytes was higher compared with that of healthy donors, and M1 macrophage markers were up-regulated in patients. By comparing gene expression of each monocyte subtype between patients and healthy donors, we identified upregulated immune response pathways, including IFNα/β and IFNγ signaling, in all monocyte subtypes. Distinctively, the TNFR2 noncanonical NF-κB pathway was up-regulated only in nonclassical monocytes. Patients’ plasma showed increased IFNγ and TNFα levels. Our results suggest that elevated IFNγ activates cell signaling, leading to differentiation into M1 macrophages from monocytes and release of TNFα. Immune responses and more general response to stimuli pathways were up-regulated in DADA2 monocytes, and protein synthesis pathways were down-regulated, perhaps as stress responses. Our identification of novel aberrant immune pathways has implications for therapeutic approaches in DADA2 (registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT00071045).
Individualized Prediction of Early Alzheimer's Disease Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics, Clinical, and Laboratory Examinations: A 60‐Month Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Tang Lin , Wu Xiaojia , Liu Huan , Wu Faqi , Song Rao , Zhang Wei , Guo Dajing , Feng Junbang , Li Chuanming 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAccurately predicting whether and when mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of vital importance to help developing individualized treatment plans to defer the occurrence of irreversible dementia.PurposeTo develop and validate radiomics models and multipredictor nomogram for predicting the time to progression (TTP) from MCI to AD.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred sixty‐two MCI patients (96 men and 66 women [median age, 72; age range, 56–88 years]) were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted imaging and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuation inversion recovery imaging acquired at 3.0 T.AssessmentDuring the 5‐year follow‐up, 68 patients converted to AD and 94 remained stable. Patients were randomly divided into the training (n = 112) and validation datasets (n = 50). Radiomic features were extracted from the whole cerebral cortex and subcortical nucleus of MR images. A radiomics model was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. The clinical‐laboratory model and radiomics‐clinical‐laboratory model were developed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. The performance of each model was assessed by the concordance index (C‐index). A multipredictor nomogram derived from the radiomics‐clinical‐laboratory model was constructed for individualized TTP estimation.Statistical TestsLASSO cox regression, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Student's t test were performed.ResultsThe C‐index of the radiomics, clinical‐laboratory and radiomics‐clinical‐laboratory models were 0.924 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.894–0.952), 0.903 (0.868–0.938), 0.950 (0.929–0.971) in the training cohort and 0.811 (0.707–0.914), 0.901 (0824–0.977), 0.907 (0.836–0.979) in the validation cohort, respectively. A multipredictor nomogram with 15 predictors was established, which had high accuracy for individual TTP prediction with the C‐index of 0.950 (0.929–0.971).Data ConclusionThe prediction of individual TTP from MCI to AD could be accurately conducted using the radiomics‐clinical‐laboratory model and multipredictor nomogram.Evidence Level3Technical Efficacy2
Palaeoecological background of the Upper Palaeolithic site of Ságvár, Hungary: radiocarbon‐dated malacological and sedimentological studies on the Late Pleistocene environment
Authors: Molnár Dávid , Sümegi Pál , Makó László , Cseh Péter , Zeeden Christian , Nett Janina , Lehmkuhl Frank , Törőcsik Tünde , Sümegi Balázs P. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the authors present new palaeoecological and sedimentological results from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Ságvár, Hungary. Simple (abundance and dominance) and advanced (cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correspondence) statistical analyses of malacological results were carried out, determining eight malacological zones (MZs) and the key species of the fauna evolution in the sequence. Furthermore, an age–depth model was calculated via Bayesian modelling using new radiocarbon age data. The accumulation rate (AR) was calculated by deriving data from the age–depth model. The palaeoecological reconstruction indicated a cool/cold climate and chiefly steppe environment, with low loess ARs. Not only the vegetation cover but also the geographical setting of the sequence could have led to the low AR values. However, in the uppermost part of the sequence, during the GS 3 and GS 2.1c stadials, the reconstructed palaeoclimate indicated a warming period. Nevertheless, this contradiction is not unique in the Carpathian Basin. The settled Upper Palaeolithic hunters around 22 300 cal abplived in a progressively warming wooded steppe environment, hunting mainly for reindeer. Climate change might have forced them to migrate away, following the reindeer.
Millennial‐scale shifts in microtidal ecosystems during the Holocene: dynamics and drivers of change from the Po Plain coastal record (NE Italy)
Authors: Rossi Veronica , Barbieri Giulia , Vaiani Stefano Claudio , Cacciari Marco , Bruno Luigi , Campo Bruno , Marchesini Marco , Marvelli Silvia , Amorosi Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTFramed into a robust stratigraphic context, multivariate analyses on the Holocene palaeobiological record (pollen, benthic foraminifers, ostracods) of the Po coastal plain (NE Italy) allowed the investigation of microtidal ecosystems variability and driving parameters along a 35‐km‐long land–sea transect. Millennial‐scale ecosystem shifts are documented by coeval changes in the meiofauna, reflecting variations in organic matter–water depth (shallow‐marine environments) and degree of confinement‐salinity (back‐barrier settings). In‐phase shifts of vegetation communities track unsteady water‐table levels and river dynamics in freshwater palustrine areas. Five environmental–ecological stages followed one another crossing four tipping points that mark changes in relative sea level (RSL), climate and/or fluvial regime. At the culmination of Mediterranean RSL rise, after the 8200 event, remarkable growth of peatlands took place in the Po estuary, while low accumulation rates typified the shelf. At the transgressive–regressive turnaround (~7000 cal a bp), the estuary turned into a delta plain with tidally influenced interdistributary embayments. River flow regime oscillations after the Climate Optimum (post‐5000 cal a bp) favoured isolation of the bays and the development of brackish wetlands surrounded by wooded peatlands. The youngest threshold (~800 cal a bp), which led to the establishment of the modern delta, reflects a major avulsion of the Po River.
Reliability improvement of IGZO‐TFT in hybrid process with LTPS
Authors: Aman Mehadi , Takeda Yujiro , Ito Kazuatsu , Yamamoto Kaoru , Tanaka Kohei , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Nakamura Wataru , Makita Naoki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn AMOLED panel using hybrid backplane technology based on p‐type low temperature polycrystalline silicon (p‐LTPS) and n‐type indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (n‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) has been successfully manufactured. New pixel and Gate‐on‐Array (GOA) circuits were designed and fabricated using this technology. GOA with CMOS inverter is realized by utilizing both IGZO and p‐LTPS. The hybrid backplane AMOLED panel can operate between 1 and 120 Hz, which enables both high refresh rate and low standby power display applications. Furthermore, the AMOLED panel lifetime has markedly enhanced by improving IGZO TFT's uniformity and reliability.
The Association of Hiatal Dimensions and Urethral Mobility With Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Shi Qingling , Wen Lieming , Zhao Baihua , Huang Shanya , Liu Dan 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of hiatal area (HA), bladder neck mobility, and urethral mobility during the cough stress test (CST) with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis was a prospective study of 110 continent and 190 incontinent women using transperineal ultrasound. HA, bladder neck mobility, and the mobility of six points along the urethra (Vectors 1–6) were measured. The cohort was randomly divided at a ratio of 2:1 into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The correlations of HA with bladder neck mobility, urethral mobility, and SUI were tested. The predictive model was yielded by fisher linear discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristics to assess the parameters' ability to predict SUI.ResultsValid data were collected from 177 incontinent women and 105 continent women. Significant differences were identified in HA, body mass index (BMI), funneling, bladder neck mobility, and Vectors 1–6 between them. HA was positively correlated to bladder neck mobility. In the training cohort, bladder neck position on Valsalva, Vectors 3, and BMI had the area under curves of 0.74, 0.69, and 0.66 (all P < 0.001); Funneling and Vector 3 had odds ratios of 18.96 and 3.65 (all P < 0.001), for predicting SUI. The predictive model incorporating funneling, Vectors 3, and BMI provided the best performance in predicting SUI in both cohorts.ConclusionThe larger the HA was, the higher the bladder neck mobility. However, it was mid‐urethral mobility rather than bladder neck mobility that performed best at predicting SUI.
Synergistic effects between oil tribopolymerisation and abrasive wear in forming a protective third body in a conductive polymer/noble metal electrical contact
Authors: Isard Manon , Lahouij Imène , Montmitonnet Pierre , Lanot Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study of a sliding contact between a carbon‐particle filled polymer and a noble (AgPd) alloy, lubricated with a silicone oil/PTFE grease, has shown the formation of a third body in the interface. The electrical application of the system has required an in‐depth study of this third body to make sure that electrical conductivity was not endangered. Thanks to different chemical and electrical analyses, the third body, recognised as a tribofilm, can be described as a heterogeneous layer, composed mostly by transformed grease components and conductive wear particles. Coupling these observations and results from the literature, the formation mechanism is identified as tribopolymerisation by cross‐linking of the silicone oil molecules, analogous to the well‐known ‘gelation’ of silicone oils. The conditions for this phenomenon to occur in this system are discussed. Inclusion of wear particles from the conducting first bodies into the third body ensures low resistance: the tribofilm formed by this combination of mechanisms is a protective layer, which prevents polymer tracks from severe wear, without degrading electrical performance.
Application limits and sensitisation behaviour of the manganese‐ and nitrogen‐alloyed austenitic stainless steel P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3)
Authors: Kauss Norman , Heyn Andreas , Michael Oliver , Schymura Michael , Rosemann Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNickel‐free high‐nitrogen‐alloyed stainless steels like the P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3) were developed to enhance the strength and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels like 304 and 316 while keeping the typical high ductility. The mechanical and corrosive properties of P2000 were investigated and compared with 304 and 316 to highlight the application opportunities of this new alloy. The microstructure of the solution‐annealed condition was characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and the mechanical properties were studied by uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and hardness measurements. The passivation behaviour was analysed using the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation, whereas the pitting corrosion resistance was compared by pitting potentials and pitting temperatures. However, secondary thermal influences or suboptimal heat treatment can impair the corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the resulting sensitisation. Thermodynamic calculations and artificial ageing treatment in the range of 500–900°C for up to 100 h were used to determine critical time–temperature parameters for sensitisation. The microstructure of the various aged states was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and compared with the degrading corrosion resistance characterised by the KorroPad method.
Macromolecularly Engineered Thermoreversible Heterogeneous Self‐Healable Networks Encapsulating Reactive Multidentate Block Copolymer‐Stabilized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Ge , Patel Twinkal , Nellepalli Pothanagandhi , Bhagat Shubham , Hase Hannes , Jazani Arman Moini , Salzmann Ingo , Ye Zhibin , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of heterogeneous covalent adaptable networks (CANs) embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that undergo reversible dissociation/recombination through thermoreversibility has been significantly explored. However, the carbon nanotube (CNT)‐incorporation methods based on physical mixing and chemical modification could result in either phase separation due to structural incompatibility or degrading conjugation due to a disruption of π‐network, thus lowering their intrinsic charge transport properties. To address this issue, the versatility of a macromolecular engineering approach through thermoreversibility by physical modification of CNT surfaces with reactive multidentate block copolymers (rMDBCs) is demonstrated. The formed CNTs stabilized with rMDBCs (termed rMDBC/CNT colloids) bearing reactive furfuryl groups is functioned as a multicrosslinker that reacts with a polymaleimide to fabricate robust heterogeneous polyurethane (PU) networks crosslinked through dynamic Diels‐Alder (DA)/retro‐DA chemistry. Promisingly, the fabricated PU network gels in which CNTs through rMDBC covalently embedded are flexible and robust to be bendable as well as exhibit self‐healing elasticity and enhanced conductivity.