bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-year Retrospective Study from Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ekeng Bassey Ewa , Emanghe Ubleni Ettah , Monjol Bernard Ekpan , Iwuafor Anthony Achizie , Ochang Ernest Afu , Ereh Simon Edward , Abraka Bode Akashie 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of causative microorganisms varies from one geographical region to another. This study was aimed at determining the etiological agents prevalent in our environment and their susceptibility profile.
Study design: This is a retrospective study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Methodology: Blood culture results of patients documented over a two-year period were retrieved and analyzed. Blood culture positive isolates were detected using conventional method and Oxoid signal blood culture systems. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) was detected by disk diffusion method using 30 µg cefoxitin disk. ESBL production was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST).
Results: A total of 413 blood culture antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analyzed, of which 116 (28.09%) were identified as culture positive. Sixty-nine (59%) of the positive isolates were from female patients. Out of 116 positive cultures, 58.62% (68/116) were Gram positive organisms, 40.52% (47/116) were Gram negative organisms, non albicans Candida accounted for 0.86% (1/116). Staphylococcus aureus (n=41, 35.3%) was the predominant isolate and showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin (100%), Linezolid (100%) and Amikacin (100%). Twelve isolates of S. aureus were methicillin resistant, while 1 isolate was inducible clindamycin resistant. Of the 116 isolates identified in this study, forty-three (43) were multidrug resistant with highest number of multidrug resistant isolates from Staphylococcus aureus (n=20). 21.28% (n=10) of the Gram-negative isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamases.
Conclusion: A high rate of antimicrobial resistance is observed among microorganisms causing blood stream infections. This emphasizes the need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing in the management of blood stream infections.
Iatrogenic Port Site Parasitic Myoma; Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Tasdemir Nicel , Abali Remzi , Akkus Didem , Dogru Mucahit , Tasdemir Ufuk Goker 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
We report a case of iatrogenic parasitic myoma of the anterior abdominal wall and discuss the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of complication with relevant literature.

Case Report
A 33-year-old woman presented with anterior abdominal wall mass 3 years after initial laparoscopic myomectomy surgery. A mass with a 38 × 26 mm diameter was observed in the anterior abdominal wall at the site of inferior left side port of previous surgery. It was excised from the anterior abdominal wall outside of the peritoneum, below the fascia. The pathologic examination of the excised mass revealed cellular myoma. This case is the 4th port site parasitic myoma in literature.

Conclusion
The risk of implantation and subsequent growth of minute myoma fragments should be kept in mind during morcellation procedures and, in order to avoid such complications, all fragments should be tracked during morcellation. The inspection of trocar sites after the removal of trocars for retained fragments would prevent such recurrences.
Convergence of Machine Vision and Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Mieszczanek Pawel , Robinson Thomas M. , Dalton Paul D. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is a high‐resolution additive manufacturing technology that balances multiple parametric variables to arrive at a stable fabrication process. The better understanding of this balance is underscored here using high‐resolution camera vision of jet stability profiles in different electrical fields. Complementing this visual information are fiber‐diameter measurements obtained at precise points, allowing the correlation to electrified jet properties. Two process signatures—the jet angle and for the first time, the Taylor cone area—are monitored and analyzed with a machine vision system, while SEM imaging for diameter measurement correlates real‐time information. This information, in turn, allows the detection and correction of fiber pulsing for accurate jet placement on the collector, and the in‐process assessment of the fiber diameter. Improved process control is used to successfully fabricate collapsible MEW tubes; structures that require exceptional accuracy and printing stability. Using a precise winding angle of 60° and 300 layers, the resulting 12 mm‐thick tubular structures have elastic snap‐through instabilities associated with mechanical metamaterials. This study provides a detailed analysis of the fiber pulsing occurrence in MEW and highlights the importance of real‐time monitoring of the Taylor cone volume to better understand, control, and predict printing instabilities.
Facile Transformation of Murine and Human Primary Dendritic Cells into Robust and Modular Artificial Antigen‐Presenting Systems by Intracellular Hydrogelation
Authors: Lin Jung‐Chen , Hsu Chung‐Yao , Chen Jui‐Yi , Fang Zih‐Syun , Chen Hui‐Wen , Yao Bing‐Yu , Shiau Gwo Harn M. , Tsai Jeng‐Shiang , Gu Ming , Jung Meiying , Lee Tong‐Young , Hu Che‐Ming J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe growing enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapies and adoptive cell therapies has prompted increasing interest in biomaterials development mimicking natural antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) for T‐cell expansion. In contrast to conventional bottom‐up approaches aimed at layering synthetic substrates with T‐cell activation cues, transformation of live dendritic cells (DCs) into artificial APCs (aAPCs) is demonstrated herein using a facile and minimally disruptive hydrogelation technique. Through direct intracellular permeation of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA) hydrogel monomer and UV‐activated radical polymerization, intracellular hydrogelation is rapidly accomplished on DCs with minimal influence on cellular morphology and surface antigen display, yielding highly robust and modular cell–gel hybrid constructs amenable to peptide antigen exchange, storable by freezing and lyophilization, and functionalizable with cytokine‐releasing carriers for T‐cell modulation. The DC‐derived aAPCs are shown to induce prolonged T‐cell expansion and improve anticancer efficacy of adoptive T‐cell therapy in mice compared to nonexpanded control T cells, and the gelation technique is further demonstrated to stabilize primary DCs derived from human donors. The work presents a versatile approach for generating a new class of cell‐mimicking biomaterials and opens new venues for immunological interrogation and immunoengineering.
Dry Reforming of CH4/CO2by Stable Ni Nanocrystals on Porous Single‐Crystalline MgO Monoliths at Reduced Temperature
Authors: Cheng Fangyuan , Duan Xiuyun , Xie Kui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDry reforming of CH4/CO2provides a promising and economically feasible route for the large‐scale carbon fixation; however, the coking and sintering of catalysts remain a fundamental challenge. Here we stabilize single‐crystalline Ni nanoparticles at the surface of porous single‐crystalline MgO monoliths and show the quantitative production of syngas from dry reforming of CH4/CO2. We show the complete conversion of CH4/CO2even only at 700 °C with excellent performance durability after a continuous operation of 500 hours. The well‐defined and catalytically active Ni‐MgO interfaces facilitate the reforming reaction and enhance the coking resistance. Our findings would enable an industrially and economically viable path for carbon reclamation, and the “Nanocrystal On Porous Single‐crystalline Monoliths” technique could lead to stable catalyst designs for many challenging reactions.
Designing Cation–Solvent Fully Coordinated Electrolyte for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Full Cell Based On Solid–Solid Conversion
Authors: Yang Huijun , Qiao Yu , Chang Zhi , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSulfur chemistry based on solid–liquid dissolution‐deposition route inevitably encounters shuttle of lithium polysulfides, its parasitic interaction with lithium (Li) anode and flood electrolyte environment. The sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile) (S@pPAN) cathode favors solid‐solid conversion mechanism in carbonate ester electrolytes but fails to pair high‐capacity Li anode. Herein, we rationally design a cation‐solvent fully coordinated ether electrolyte to simultaneously resolve the problems of both Li anode and S@pPAN cathode. Raman spectroscopy reveals a highly suppressed solvent activity and a cation‐solvent fully coordinated structure (molar ratio 1:1). Consequently, Li electrodeposit evolves into round‐edged morphology, LiF‐rich interphase, and high reversibility. Moreover, S@pPAN cathode inherits a neat solid‐phase redox reaction and fully eliminated the dissolution of lithium polysulfides. Finally, we harvest a long‐life Li‐S@pPAN pouch cell with slight Li metal excessive (0.4 time) and ultra‐lean electrolyte design (1 μL mgS−1), delivering 394 Wh kg−1energy density based on electrodes and electrolyte mass.
Polyoxometalates‐Based Semi‐flexible Metal‐Semiconductor Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Low Frequency and Small Amplitude Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Wang Ting , Li Fengrui , Guan Hongyu , Chen Weichao , Zhang Lu , Zheng Yuxiao , Wang Chunlei , Tang Qingxin , Chen Weilin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐performance and low‐cost durable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is essential for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Many organic polymer friction materials used widely have thermal stability problems, which makes TENGs with semiconductors as friction materials stand out. Here, we report a semi‐flexible TENG based on metal and TiO2modified by polyoxometalates (POMs) as pure inorganic friction materials. Six different POMs are firstly selected to modify the friction materials of TENGs, and the output performance of TENGs with different POMs‐modified semiconductors and different metals as friction materials are tested. Compared with the unmodified TENGs, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the optimal Ag‐K6P2Mo18O62(P2Mo18)/TiO2TENG device is increased by more than 4 times, which is mainly attributed to the strong electron‐accepting and storage capabilities of POMs. This study has demonstrated that TENGs modified by POMs have potential application prospects and provided a new method for increasing the electrical output of TENGs.
Synergistic Effects of Self‐Assembled Monolayers in Solution‐Processed 6,13‐Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)Pentacene Transistors
Authors: Sattari‐Esfahlan S. M. , Lee Eun‐Cheol , Kim Chang‐Hyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors are highly interface‐sensitive, and therefore chemical functionalization using self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is often adopted to tailor their properties. This study clarifies the synergistic effects of electrode and dielectric SAMs on the behavior of solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Utilization of a self‐consistent device model enables a physically robust treatment of the measured electrical characteristics of the OFETs, thus providing highly reliable materials, interface, morphology, and transport parameters. These parameters are further extended and correlated to build a comprehensive picture on trap energy and injection‐transport relationship, finally revealing a set of fundamental insights into chemically modified OFETs.
Multiparametric Analyses of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Somatic Mouse Models and Their Associated Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Taranto Daniel , Ramirez Christel F.A. , Vegna Serena , de Groot Marnix H.P. , de Wit Niels , Van Baalen Martijn , Klarenbeek Sjoerd , Akkari Leila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rising incidence and increasing mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), combined with its high tumor heterogeneity, lack of druggable targets, and tendency to develop resistance to chemotherapeutics, make the development of better models for this cancer an urgent challenge. To better mimic the high diversity within the HCC genetic landscape, versatile somatic murine models have recently been developed using the hydrodynamic tail vein injection (HDTVi) system. These represent novel in vivo tools to interrogate HCC phenotype and response to therapy, and importantly, allow further analyses of the associated tumor microenvironment (TME) shaped by distinct genetic backgrounds. Here, we describe several optimized protocols to generate, collect, and experimentally utilize various samples obtained from HCC somatic mouse models generated by HDTVi. More specifically, we focus on techniques relevant to ex vivo analyses of the complex liver TME using multiparameter flow cytometric analyses of over 21 markers, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and histochemistry. We describe the transcriptional assessment of whole tissue, or of isolated immune subsets by flow‐cytometry‐based cell sorting, and other protein‐oriented analyses. Together, these streamlined protocols allow the optimal use of each HCC murine model of interest and will assist researchers in deciphering the relations between cancer cell genetics and systemic and local changes in immune cell landscapes in the context of HCC progression. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of HCC mouse models by hydrodynamic tail vein injectionBasic Protocol 2: Assessment of HCC tumor progression by magnetic resonance imagingBasic Protocol 3: Mouse sacrifice and sample collection in HCC mouse modelsSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of serum or plasma from bloodBasic Protocol 4: Single‐cell preparation and HCC immune landscape phenotyping by flow cytometryAlternate Protocol 1: Flow cytometric analysis of circulating immune cellsSupport Protocol 2: Generation, maintenance, and characterization of HCC cell linesSupport Protocol 3: Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting of liver single‐cell preparationBasic Protocol 5: Preparation and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues from HCC‐bearing liverAlternate Protocol 2: Preparation and analyses for immunofluorescence staining of HCC‐bearing liverSupport Protocol 4: Liver‐specific phenotypic analyses of liver sectionsSupport Protocol 5: Immunohistochemical quantification in liver sectionsBasic Protocol 6: Preparation of snap‐frozen tumor tissue from extracted liver and transcriptional analyses of bulk tumor or sorted cellsAlternate Protocol 3: Protein analyses from HCC samples and serum or plasma
Investigation on Arsenic−Antimony‐ and Arsenic−Bismuth Bond Containing Interpnictogen Chain Molecules
Authors: Ritter Christian , Michel Nick , Rinow Alina , Ringler Benjamin , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe stepwise synthesis of novel As−Sb and As−Bi bond containing molecules is described. The binary interpnictogen compounds tBu2EAs(H)tBu (E=Sb (1), P (4)) were prepared by reaction of tBu2ECl with tBuAs(H)Li ⋅ 1,4‐dioxane. Subsequent lithiation yields the dimeric compounds [tBu2EAsLi(thf)tBu]2 (E=Sb (2), E=P (5)). Compound 2 as well as tBu2SbAs(tBu)SiMe3 (3) are not suitable as synthons for longer chains due to non‐selective reactions. In contrast, compound 5 was successfully used for the preparation of chains with three (tBu2PAs(tBu)E′tBu2 (E′=P (6), As (7), Sb (8), Bi (9)) and even four adjacent group 15 elements (tBu2PAs(tBu)E′′ (tBu)N(H)tBu (E′′=P (12), As (13), Sb (14)). Finally, the diarsane (tBu2PAstBu)2 (15) was synthesised by reaction of 5 with 1,2‐dibromoethane. The obtained compounds were characterised by mass spectrometry, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and by single crystal X‐ray diffraction in the case of 2, 5–9 and 12–15.
Translation role of circRNAs in cancers
Authors: Lu Yaqin , Li Zhe , Lin Chen , Zhang Jian , Shen Zhisen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a class of covalently closed RNA molecules. With the continuous advancement of high‐throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools, many circRNAs have been identified in various human tissues and cell lines. Notably, recent studies have indicated that some circRNAs have translational functions. Internal ribosome entry sites and the N6‐methyladenosine modification mediate cap‐independent translation. This review describes these two translation mechanisms and verification methods at the molecular level. Databases (including ORF Finder, Pfam, BLASTp, CircRNADb, CircBase, CircPro, CircCode, IRESite, IRESbase) were used to analyze whether circRNAs have the structural characteristic of translation. CircRNA minigene reporter system containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) confirmed the translation potential of circRNAs. Also, we briefly summarize the roles of proteins/peptides encoded by circRNAs (circFBXW7, circFNDC3B, circLgr4, circPPP1R12A, circMAPK1, circβ‐catenin, circGprc5a, circ‐SHPRH, circPINTexon2, circAKT3) that have been verified thus far in human cancers (triple‐negative breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, glioblastoma). Those findings suggest circRNAs have a great implication in translation of the human genome.
Microbial halophilic lipases: A review
Authors: Qiu Junjie , Han Rui , Wang Chuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrobial lipases are commercially significant due to their versatile catalytic function of hydrolysis triacylglycerol. Among these, lipases from extremophiles are optimal for industrial application. Halophilic microorganisms living in a high salinity environment, such as the ocean, salt lakes, salt wells, and so on, produce halophilic lipases. In recent decades, many remarkable achievements have been made related to the properties and application of halophilic lipases. This review offers information collected over the last decades on halophilic lipase sources as well as advances in production, factors influencing activity, stability under various conditions, structural characteristics, progress in industrial applications such as food flavor modification, biodiesel production, and waste treatment, to provide theoretical and methodological references for the research in this direction.
Modified Transpterygoid Approach to Sphenoid Meningoencephaloceles: A Shorter Run for a Longer Slide
Authors: Sreenath Satyan B. , Tang Dennis M. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Illing Elisa A. , Recinos Pablo F. , Soni Pranay , Kshettry Varun R. , Cohen‐Gadol Aaron , Woodard Troy D. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and meningoencephaloceles originating in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus can be challenging. The traditional transpterygoid approach through the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is time consuming and places important structures at risk, which can lead to significant morbidity. We report a multi‐institutional experience using a simplified, endoscopic modified transpterygoid approach (MTPA), which spares the PPF contents in the management of lateral sphenoid sinus meningoencephaloceles and CSF leaks.Study DesignMulti‐Institutional, Retrospective Case Series.MethodsPatients with lateral sphenoid recess CSF leaks and meningoencephaloceles between 2014 and 2020 who underwent the MTPA at two academic medical centers were identified. Repair techniques and outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThirty‐three patients underwent the MTPA for management. Skull base reconstruction was performed using a free mucosal graft (24/33, 72.7%), nasoseptal flap (4/33, 12.1%), bone grafts (3/33, 9.1%), and abdominal fat grafts (2/33, 6.1%). Lumbar drains and perioperative intracranial pressure measurements were routinely employed. Postoperative complications were uncommon and included three patients (9.7%) with temporary V2 anesthesia, one patient (3.2%) with prolonged V2 anesthesia, and one patient (3.2%) with subjective dry eye, all of which resolved at 9 months postoperatively. There were no recurrent CSF leaks resulting in a 100% success rate. Average follow‐up was 13 months.ConclusionThe MTPA reduces morbidity and greatly simplifies access to the lateral sphenoid sinus for the management of CSF leaks and meningoencephaloceles, without compromising exposure. This technique avoids the need for extensive PPF dissection and should be considered for the management of benign lesions involving the lateral sphenoid sinus.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2224–2230, 2021
Recent progress of continuous intraocular pressure monitoring
Authors: Xu Jiandong , Li Ruisong , Xu Haokai , Yang Yi , Zhang Sheng , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlaucoma, a chronic optic neuropathy, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) has been considered to be the major contributor to glaucoma for a long time and is currently proved to be the only modifiable risk factor for the progression of optic neuropathy. IOP fluctuates throughout the day with a circadian rhythm change and is affected by body gesture changes. Moreover, the IOP spike usually occurs at night or in the early morning. Therefore, the current clinical practice of single and static measurements of IOP during office hours is not conducive to the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. This review focuses on current advances in implantable and noninvasive IOP sensors for obtaining 24‐hour continuous IOP profiles. The content summarizes and classifies IOP sensors based on their working principles and provides representative examples of the sensors for IOP monitoring. Finally, the review further analyzes the challenges of current IOP sensors for clinical practice and puts forward the prospect of IOP sensors in the future.