bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical intention for insomnia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jansson‐Fröjmark Markus , Alfonsson Sven , Bohman Benjamin , Rozental Alexander , Norell‐Clarke Annika 
Published: August 2021

SummaryParadoxical intention (PI) has been considered an evidence‐based treatment for insomnia since the 1990s, but it has not been evaluated with modern review techniques such as meta‐analysis. The present study aimed to conduct the first systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that explore the effectiveness of PI for insomnia on insomnia symptomatology and theory‐derived processes. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted by searching for eligible articles or dissertations in six online bibliographic databases. Randomised controlled trials and experimental studies comparing PI for insomnia to active and passive comparators and assessing insomnia symptoms as outcomes were included. A random effects model was estimated to determine the standardised mean difference Hedge’s g at post‐treatment. Test for heterogeneity was performed, fail‐safe N was calculated, and study quality was assessed. The study was pre‐registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42019137357). A total of 10 trials were identified. Compared to passive comparators, PI led to large improvements in key insomnia symptoms. Relative to active comparators, the improvements were smaller, but still moderate for several central outcomes. Compared to passive comparators, PI resulted in great reductions in sleep‐related performance anxiety, one of several proposed mechanisms of change for PI. PI for insomnia resulted in marked clinical improvements, large relative to passive comparators and moderate compared to active comparators. However, methodologically stronger studies are needed before more firm conclusions can be drawn.
Pharmacokinetics of thiamine (vitamin B1) in adult horses after administration of three single intravenous doses
Authors: Hess Emily K. , Reinhart Jennifer M. , Anderson Melinda J. , Jannasch Amber S. , Taylor Sandra D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThiamine is a vital co‐factor for several anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant processes that are critical for mitigation of sepsis‐associated inflammation, but pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis has not been reported in horses. We hypothesized that IV thiamine hydrochloride (TH) at increasing dosages would result in corresponding increases in plasma thiamine concentrations without causing adverse effects. A randomized cross‐over study was performed in 9 healthy horses that each received TH at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg IV. Blood was collected immediately prior to drug administration and at several time points thereafter. High‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to quantify thiamine concentrations at each time point. Non‐compartmental PK methods showed that IV TH resulted in supraphysiologic plasma concentrations with a short half‐life (0.77–1.12 h) and no adverse clinical signs were observed. The terminal rate constant decreased as the dosage increased (p < .0001) and clearance significantly decreased at the 20 mg/kg dosage (p = .0011). The area under the curve (AUC) increased in a non‐linear fashion. These findings suggest that thiamine follows non‐linear elimination kinetics in horses, which is likely due to saturation of renal elimination. Future studies are needed to identify therapeutic plasma concentrations and develop thiamine dosing recommendations for horses.
Discharged from paediatric intensive care: A mixed methods study of teenager's anxiety levels and experiences after paediatric intensive care unit discharge
Authors: Bichard Elizabeth , Wray Jo , Aitken Leanne M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTeenagers represent a small proportion of patients on paediatric intensive care units (PICU) in the United Kingdom. During a time when their development is rapidly changing, an admission to PICU causes additional disruption. The impact of critical illness on psychological health after discharge has not been widely reported within this population.Aim and objectivesTo measure anxiety that teenagers report 48‐96 hours and 4 weeks after discharge from PICU. To explore teenagers' experiences of being admitted onto PICU.DesignTwo‐phase mixed methods, explanatory sequential design.MethodsThis single‐site study was conducted between February and July 2018. An NHS Ethics committee approved the study. Teenagers were screened if they were aged 13‐18 years old and had an elective or emergency admission to PICU for longer than 24 hours. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety subscale (HADS‐A) was administered on paper and completed with the researcher present. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in‐person and over the telephone, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsNine of eighteen participants (50%) obtained scores indicating levels of anxiety which were mild (n = 3; 17%), moderate (n = 2; 11%), or severe (n = 4; 22%) 48‐96 hours after PICU discharge. Four weeks later, all participants scored below the clinically significant cut‐off level for the HADS‐A‐1 Teenagers described their experiences on PICU within three themes:
Memories of treatments, side effects, and the PICU environment
Losing a sense of self
Feeling cared for
ConclusionsMeasured levels of anxiety had resolved in this small sample, 4 weeks after PICU discharge. This finding was not consistent with qualitative data that indicated that many experiences shared by participants were anxiety provoking.Relevance to clinical practiceSupport for teenagers after PICU discharge should be available to meet individual needs; screening teenagers to identify support needs would be beneficial.
Isotopic techniques in aquaculture nutrition: State of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Gamboa‐Delgado Julián 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimal nutrition studies rely on traditional and advanced analytical techniques that have increased our understanding about the nutritional physiology of valuable species, leading to improved productivity, sustainability and further diversification. In the case of aquaculture nutrition, a vast amount of knowledge has accumulated in relation to different physiological responses elicited by experimental diets and feeding regimes. By measuring assimilation, inferences can be made about the specific dietary components that were digested, incorporated into tissue and used for metabolic functions. One of the most common methods applied to estimate assimilation consists of measuring stable isotope values at natural abundance levels in feeding items and consuming animals. Isotopic measurements have been of great assistance to identify nutrient sources contributing to the growth of larval and juvenile organisms. The techniques have also been useful to determine nutrient flows in several types of aquaculture systems. The present manuscript reviews the most recent applications and findings derived from studies that have used stable isotope analyses to (1) estimate nutrient assimilation in larval and juvenile organisms, (2) evaluate trophic dynamics and bioremediation potential of macroalgae and invertebrates in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture systems and (3) investigate the trophic plasticity of aquatic species. The progressively more frequent application of compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids and fatty acids is emphasized as it has allowed exploring the physiological fate of specific organic compounds, while also assisting in the definition of nutritional requirements for aquatic species. Future nutritional applications of analytical techniques based on stable isotope measurements are addressed.
Pregnancy and offspring sex ratio following insemination with SexedULTRA and conventional semen in cows in a commercial beef operation
Authors: Kasimanickam Ramanathan , Kasimanickam Vanmathy , Ratzburg Kamron 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPregnancy rate per AI (PR/AI) and breeding season pregnancy rates between insemination with sexed semen (SS; at 18 hr after the onset of oestrus) and conventional semen (CS; at 12 hr after the onset of oestrus,) and offspring gender ratio between two groups were compared. Angus cross cows (n = 686, during 2019 and 2020 breeding seasons) were oestrus‐synchronized using Select‐Synch + CIDR protocol and were observed thrice daily for oestrus until 72 hr after PGF2α administration. Cows expressed oestrus (n = 513) were inseminated with either SS (n = 246; SexedULTRA 4M™; y chromosome‐bearing sperm) or CS (n = 267). Cows (n = 173) that failed to express oestrus at 72 hr after PGF2α received 100 μg of GnRH and CS insemination concomitantly. Two weeks later, cows were penned with natural service sires (bull:cow ratio 1:25) for 45 days. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after bull removal. Calves' gender was determined at birth. For cows that expressed oestrus, PR/AI did not differ (p > .1) between SS (65.0%) and CS (66.7%) groups. The overall PR/AI differed (p < .05) between SS (65.0%) and CS (56.4%) groups. The natural service PR differed (p < .001) but breeding season PR (p > .05) did not differ between SS vs. CS groups. Bull:heifer gender ratio following AI was 88:12 and 52:48 for SS and CS groups, respectively, with an overall 66:34 ratio. Bull:heifer gender ratio for the two breeding seasons was 79:21 and 52:48 for SS and CS groups, respectively, with an overall 62:38 ratio. In conclusion, the fertility of SS insemination at 18 hr after onset of oestrus was 97% of CS insemination at 12 hr after onset of oestrus. Though breeding season pregnancy did not differ between SS and groups, preferred calf gender was 25 percentage points greater for SS over CS application. The gender accuracy was 88%.
Geospatial socio‐economic/demographic data: The existence of spatial autocorrelation mixtures in georeferenced data—Part I
Authors: Griffith Daniel A. , Agarwal Khushboo , Chen Meifang , Lee Changho , Panetti Emily Ann , Rhyu Kyunghee , Venigalla Lasya , Yu Xiaohe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA conjecture recently began to materialize in the GIScience and spatial statistics literature asserting that many georeferenced attribute random variables (RVs) contain a positive–negative spatial autocorrelation (SA) mixture, rather than the widely recognized purely positive SA based upon routine cursory observation. Another newly emerging supposition maintains that, after controlling for the already well‐known tendency for SA to increase with increasingly fine geographic resolutions, georeferenced socio‐economic/demographic attribute RVs have roughly the same magnitude of positive SA as that degree frequently computed for remotely sensed pixel data, an extent suppressed in its net amount by the negative SA in a variable's mixture. This article, the first of a two‐part series, summarizes research exploring these two propositions using population density as a common georeferenced RV across a diverse set of geographic landscapes. The principal population density findings support these two suppositions. Part II presents parallel analyses for a wide range of georeferenced RVs across the same set of geographic landscapes.
Concept of a Small Modular SCWR With Horizontal Fuel Assemblies
Authors: Schulenberg Thomas , Otic Ivan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on the concept of the high performance light water reactor (HPLWR), an innovative concept of a small modular reactor is presented, which shall have smaller peak cladding temperatures than the HPLWR due to better coolant mixing, and which shall enable a passive residual heat removal by natural convection. The core is designed with horizontal fuel assemblies including an internal water channel to improve moderation. Supercritical water is heated up in seven steps, when running through these assemblies, and the outer reflector around the core is used as mixing channels. More design optimization and analyses will be needed, however, to assess the feasibility of such a concept.
Optimization of Thermal Management in Modern Electric Vehicle Battery Cells Employing Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Afzal Asif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Optimization of thermal performance processes using genetic algorithm (GA) combined with some commercial software or other soft computing methods like artificial neural networks are common in many heat transfer applications with the exception of battery thermal management. In this article, a novel and innovative approach for single-objective optimization using GA combined with in-house developed finite volume method (FVM)-based code is investigated. Three important thermal and fluid flow performance parameters of modern electric vehicle Lithium–ion battery cells, namely, average Nusselt number (Nuavg), friction coefficient (Cf,avg), and maximum temperature (T¯max) are optimized. The operating parameters considered for optimization include heat generation term (S¯q), Reynolds number (Re), conduction-convection parameter (ζcc), aspect ratio (Ar), and spacing between the cells (W¯ff) varying in some selected range. Optimization in case of internal flow between the battery cells and external flow over the battery cell is performed. Computational time taken by the combined GA and FVM code for 5, 10, 15, and 20 iterations in case of internal and external flow is also presented. From the complete optimization analysis, it is found that for higher charging/discharging rates at which the heat generation is very high, T¯max can be kept within the safe limit, Nuavg to maximum and Cf,avg to a minimum with a slight compromise in pumping power requirement to circulate the coolant in internal flow. For external flow analysis, Re and ζcc in a selected medium range will provide optimized thermal and fluid flow situations.
Interfacial Heat Flux Estimation in a Funnel-Shaped Mould and Analysis of Solidification Characteristics in Thin Slab Continuous Casting
Authors: Jayakrishna Pedduri , Vaka Ananda S. , Chakraborty Saurav , Ganguly Suvankar , Talukdar Prabal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An inverse heat transfer model based on Salp Swarm optimization algorithm is developed for prediction of heat flux at the hot faces of a mold in thin slab continuous casting. The industrial mold considered in this work is a funnel-shaped mold having complex arrangement of cooling slots and holes. Significant variations of heat flux along the casting direction, as well as across the width are observed. Subsequently, the obtained heat flux profile estimated by the inverse method is used to analyze the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the solidifying steel strand inside the mold. Three different recirculatory zones are present due to molten steel flow, affecting the thermal and solidification characteristics significantly. The effect of these recirculatory flows on remelting phenomenon, and consequent formation of thinner shell at the mold outlet leading to quality control issues in the casting process have been discussed. Another practical issue of depression in the wide face shell thickness at the mold outlet has been identified, and its cause has been related to the location of the submerged entry nozzle and the high speed of the molten steel inflow.
Research on the Phase Transition Process of Sessile Droplet on Carbon Fiber Cold Surface
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Shang Huiqing , Mehendale Sunil , Lang Yuanlu , Chen Jianan , Tian Jinjin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The droplet phase transition process on the cold surface of a T300 carbon fiber substrate was studied by observing the droplet freezing process. Through the construction of visualized experimental device, the change in the droplet phase transition time under different experimental conditions, the progression of the solid–liquid interface during the phase transition process, the droplet deformation rate, and the ratio of growth of the interface height after the phase interface appears were experimentally obtained. The influence of different surface temperatures and different droplet volumes on the phase transition process was investigated. The experimental results show that the phase interface shows an irregular profile during the phase transition of the sessile droplet on the cold surface of the carbon fiber substrate; it presents a wave shape early and a smooth concave shape later. The influence of droplet volume on the phase transition time is not a proportional relationship. The height of the solid–liquid phase interface during the droplet phase transition process first grows rapidly, then slowly, and then fast once again. In other words, the growth rate of the phase interface is relatively fast when the phase transition has just occurred and then when the bulged tip is formed. At different cold surface temperatures, the droplet deformation rate with a volume of 10 µL on the carbon fiber substrate is basically the same, which is about 32.4%, within an uncertainty of about 1%, and it is higher than the contrast substrate. However, the influence of gravity factor is important in determining the droplet deformation rate for different droplet volumes.
Characterization of Overall Effectiveness Under the Influence of Two Coolant Temperatures
Authors: Fuqua Matthew N. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A conjugate heat transfer analysis of the complex mechanisms of internal and external cooling of turbine blades can present a formidable task. Such an effort may be simplified somewhat by evaluating the normalized metal surface temperature of a turbine blade, also known as the cooling scheme’s overall effectiveness. Investigations of turbine cooling effectiveness for scenarios with multiple rows typically assume a single coolant temperature. However, scenarios may exist in which a region of interest is affected by multiple local coolant temperatures, such as when coolant is injected from different internal passages. The present work develops an appropriate reference temperature for such a situation as well as a new nondimensional parameter indicating the relative difference between coolant temperatures.
The effect of this new nondimensional parameter on overall effectiveness and streamwise temperature gradients is evaluated for two double row cooling hole configurations. Each row, consisting of 7-7-7 cooling holes set in an Inconel flat plate, exhausts coolant at independently controlled temperatures; effectiveness is also evaluated at different advective capacity and momentum flux ratios. Circumstances are identified in which different coolant temperatures may present an advantage in overall cooling effectiveness and in reducing streamwise temperature gradients.
Optimizing Effectiveness of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluid and Different Porous Fins Arrangement
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Arya Vinay , Bakli Chirodeep 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A numerical study is carried out to investigate the effect of porous fins in counter-flow Double Pipe Heat Exchanger (DPHE). Four DPHE with different porous fin arrangements is simulated for varying Darcy number, fin height, and the number of fins and compared with the conventional DPHE with no porous fins. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation is employed to model the flow in the porous fins considering fixed Re = 100. Al2O3-H2O nanofluid and water are used as hot and cold fluids respectively. Stainless steel is used as porous material with a porosity of 0.65. Results are evaluated in terms of effectiveness and Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC). The effectiveness of the heat exchanger is used to analyze the heat transfer characteristics whereas the PEC is used to analyze the heat transfer characteristics considering pressure losses also. We evaluated maximum enhancement in thermal performance using effectiveness analysis and through PEC study we evaluated optimal effectiveness and corresponding design parameters. It is shown that utilizing porous fins in DPHE enhances the heat transfer by 134.3%. However, along with enhancement in heat transfer, the pressure losses also enhance which makes the application of porous fin non-viable. Therefore, using the PEC study we obtained optimal design parameters (Da = 10−3, hf = 4 cm, and n = 30) which adapts porous fin viable with enhancement in heat transfer by 66.38%.
Classification of Microchannel Flame Regimes Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Roohani Isfahani Seyed Navid , Sauer Vinicius M. , Schoegl Ingmar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Micro-combustion has shown significant potential to study and characterize the combustion behavior of hydrocarbon fuels. Among several experimental approaches based on this method, the most prominent one employs an externally heated micro-channel. Three distinct combustion regimes are reported for this device namely, weak flames, flames with repetitive extinction and ignition (FREI), and normal flames, which are formed at low, moderate, and high flow rate ranges, respectively. Within each flame regime, noticeable differences exist in both shape and luminosity where transition points can be used to obtain insights into fuel characteristics. In this study, flame images are obtained using a monochrome camera equipped with a 430 nm bandpass filter to capture the chemiluminescence signal emitted by the flame. Sequences of conventional flame photographs are taken during the experiment, which are computationally merged to generate high dynamic range (HDR) images. In a highly diluted fuel/oxidizer mixture, it is observed that FREI disappear and are replaced by a gradual and direct transition between weak and normal flames which makes it hard to identify different combustion regimes. To resolve the issue, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is introduced to classify the flame regime. The accuracy of the model is calculated to be 99.34, 99.66, and 99.83% for “training”, “validation”, and “testing” data-sets, respectively. This level of accuracy is achieved by conducting a grid search to acquire optimized parameters for CNN. Furthermore, a data augmentation technique based on different experimental scenarios is used to generate flame images to increase the size of the data-set.
An Innovative Elasto-Hydrodynamic Seal Concept for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles
Authors: Cesmeci Sevki , Hassan Rubayet , Hassan Mohammad Fuad , Ejiogu Ikenna , DeMond Matthew , Xu Hanping , Tang Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are promising next generation power technologies, holding a great potential in fossil fuel power plants, nuclear power production, solar power, geothermal power, and ship propulsion. To unlock the potential of sCO2 power cycles, technology readiness must be demonstrated on the scale of 10–600 MWe and at sCO2 temperatures and pressures of 350–700 °C and 20–30 MPa for nuclear industries. Amongst many challenges at the component level, the lack of suitable shaft seals for sCO2 operating conditions needs to be addressed for the next generation nuclear turbine and compressor development. In this study, we propose a novel Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHD) high-pressure, high temperature, and scalable shaft seal for sCO2 turbomachinery that offers low leakage, minimal wear, low cost, and no stress concentration. The focus in this paper was to conduct a proof-of-concept study with the help of physics-based computer simulations. The results showed that the proof-of-concept study was successfully demonstrated, warranting further investigation. Particularly, it was interesting to note the quadratic form of the leakage rate, making its peak of m ˙ = 0.075 kg/s at Pin = 15 MPa and then decaying to less than m ˙ = 0.040 kg/s at Pin = 30 MPa, suggesting that the proposed seal design could be tailored further to become a potential candidate for the shaft seal problems in sCO2 turbomachinery.