bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Climate Variability Footprint in Water Levels of Alluvial Aquifers Across Iran
Authors: Rezaei Abolfazl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ability to predict future variability of groundwater resources in time and space is of critical importance in society’s adaptation to climate variability and change. Periodic control of large scale ocean-atmospheric circulations on groundwater levels proposes a potentially effective source of longer term forecasting capability. In this study, as a first national-scale assessment, we use the continues wavelet transform, global power spectrum, and wavelet coherence analyses to quantify the controls of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the representative groundwater levels of the 24 principal aquifers, scattered across different 14 climate zones of Iran. The results demonstrate that aquifer storage variations are partially controlled by annual to interdecadal climate variability and are not solely a function of pumping variations. Moreover, teleconnections are observed to be both frequency and time specific. The significant coherence patterns between the climate indices and groundwater levels are observed at five frequency bands of the annual (~1-yr), interannual (2-4- and 4-6-yr), decadal (8-12-yr), and interdecadal (14-18yr), consistent with the dominant modes of climate indices. AMO’s strong footprint is observed at interdecadal and annual modes of groundwater levels while PDO’s highest imprint is seen in interannual, decadal, and interdecadal modes. The highest controlling influence of ENSO is observed across the decadal and interannual modes whereas the NAO’s footprint is marked at annual and interdecadal frequency bands. Further, it is observed that the groundwater variability being higher modulated by a combination of large-scale atmospheric circulations rather than each individual index. The decadal and interdecadal oscillation modes constitute the dominant modes in Iranian aquifers. Findings also mark the unsaturated zone contribution in damping and lagging of the climate variability modes, particularly for the higher frequency indices of ENSO and NAO where the groundwater variability is observed to be more correlated with lower frequent climate circulations such as PDO and AMO, rather than ENSO and NAO. Finally, it is found that the data length can significantly affect the teleconnections if the time series are not contemporaneous and only one value of coherence/correlation is computed for each particular series instead of separate computations for different frequency bands and different time spans.
Impact of Equatorial Wind Stress on Ekman Transport During the Mature Phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Zhang Linfang , Li Yaokun , Li Jianping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of equatorial wind stress on the equatorial Ekman transport during the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mature phase. The results show that the equatorial zonal wind stress directly drives the meridional motion of seawater at the upper levels. In normal years, the zonal wind stress south of the equator is easterly and that north of the equator is westerly, which contributes to southward Ekman transport at the upper levels to form the climatological Indian Ocean shallow meridional overturning circulation. During the years of positive IOD events, abnormal easterly winds near the equator bring southward Ekman transport south of the equator while they bring northward Ekman transport north of the equator. This causes the seawater to move away from the equator and hence induces upwelling near the equator, which forms a pair of small circulation cells that are symmetric about the equator at the upper levels (approximately 100 m deep). The abnormal circulation cell south (north) of the equator strengthens (weakens) the southward (southward) motion south (north) of the equator. During years with negative IOD events, the opposite occurs. In addition, during the mature period of IOD, the remote sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may exert some influence on equatorial wind stress and Ekman transport anomaly but the influence is weak.
Direct-current generators based on conductive polymers for self-powered flexible devices
Authors: Meng Yanfang , Zhang Long , Xu Guangyuan , Wang Heling 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Direct-current generators, especially those based on the Schottky contacts between conductive polymers and metal electrodes, are efficient in converting mechanical stimuli into electrical energy. In contrast to triboelectric and piezoelectric generators, direct-current generators readily produce direct-current outputs and high currents that are crucial for integrating multiple energy-harvesting units in large scale and driving some types of devices. We are focusing on the relationship between Schottky barrier height and performance, systematically investigating the effects of various conductive polymers and electrodes on the outputs by both theoretical simulation and experiments. Tailoring the Schottky barrier height between conductive polymers and metal electrodes is demonstrated a significant approach to design the new DC generators. The preparation method of electrochemical deposition endows the generators flexibility, the linear relationship of current/voltage output vs. strain applied on the generators, combined with the large outputs offer advantages for the generator to work as flexible sensors. Furthermore, a mechanosensation-active matrix array based on direct-current generator for the strain monitoring demonstrated its promising prospects in flexible electronics. The direct-current generators with improved performance could serve as a stream new blood for versatile sensory systems and human-machine interactive interfaces.
ESD-aid Surgery as a New Treatment Strategy for Duodenal Adenoma
Authors: Okubo Tomotaka , Ogawa Ryo , Ito Sunao , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Shimura Takaya , Kataoka Hiromi , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe treatment for nonampullary duodenal adenoma remains to have no consensus and established methods. Although endoscopic treatment is minimally invasive, it was reported to cause delayed perforation in more than 20% of cases. MethodsFor adenomas in the duodenum, we have performed ESD-aid surgery, which is a procedure to prophylactically suture the seromuscular structure of the duodenum after ESD. In this procedure, we did not perform Kocher mobilization prior to ESD to facilitate endoscopic resection and full-thickness resection to prevent spread of the tumor and infection to the abdominal cavity. The duodenal wall was reinforced in planes using a suture clip. ResultsOf the 13 cases of duodenal adenoma that underwent ESD-aid surgery at our hospital between April 2018 and December 2020, 1 developed postoperative bleeding, but there was no late perforation. ConclusionsFor duodenal adenomas, ESD-aid surgery was considered a safe and minimally invasive treatment.Trial registrationThis research was approved by the institutional review board of Nagoya City University Hospital, Approval Number: 60-19-0021, Approval Date: 4 June 2019.
Nomogram for Predicting Postoperative Cancer-specific Early Death in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer based on the SEER Database: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhu Liancheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Poor prognosis is strongly associated with early death, but there is no effective tool to predict this. This study aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific early death in ovarian cancer patients.Methods: Our study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of ovarian cancer patients registered from 1988 to 2016. Important independent prognostic factors were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression and LASSO Cox regression. Several risk factors were considered in constructing the nomogram. Nomogram discrimination and calibration were evaluated using C-index, internal validation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: A total of 4769 patients were included. Patients were assigned to the training set (n = 3340; 70%) and validation set (n = 1429; 30%). Based on the training set, eight variables were shown to be significant factors for early death and were incorporated in the nomogram: AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage, residual lesion size, chemotherapy, serum CA125 level, tumor size, number of lymph nodes examined, surgery of primary site, and age. The C-indices and ROC curves showed that the nomogram had better predictive ability than the AJCC staging system and good clinical practicability. Internal validation based on validation set showed good consistency between predicted and observed values for early death. Conclusions: Compared with predictions made using AJCC stage or residual lesion size, the nomogram was able to provide more robust predictions for early death in ovarian cancer patients.
Geomechanical Characteristics And Failure Analysis of The Limestone Slope At Sahastradhara-Chamasari Road Dehradun Uttarakhand India
Authors: Nayak Nirlipta Priyadarshini , Kumar Harinandan , Aggarwal Ashish , M. Muralidhar Singh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, the rock slope failure analysis was carried out to predict the stability of the limestone rock in the Sahastradhara-Chamasari Road Dehradun Uttarakhand, India. The limestone rock samples were collected from the study area for testing purposes. The geomechanical parameters like compressive strength, axial strain, young’s modulus, cohesive strength, angle of internal friction, etc., were experimentally determined to study their application in the simulation of slope failure analysis. A 2D model of the study area was developed using the field data for modelling and simulation purposes. Slope failure analysis was carried out using the Finite element method (FEM). Results indicated maximum compressive strength of the core sample as 85.14 MPa while axial strain and elastic modulus were 0.02197 and 842.45 MPa, respectively. The cohesive strength and the angle of internal friction of the core sample were evaluated as 38.59 kPa and 12.96 degree. The slope failure analysis was carried out to determine the factor of safety (FOS) of the slope at variable loading conditions. A decreasing trend of the FOS was observed with loading. The lesser value of FOS at higher loading conditions required the supporting system at the foot level of the slope for the slope stability in the study area.
Research on Services Decision-Making in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Dominated by a Logistics Provider
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Fei , Deng Liurui , Zhao Yiwen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we assume that a closed-loop supply chain consists of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) producing new products from raw materials, a remanufacturer producing re-manufactured products from used items directly collected from customers and a logistics provider which sells and distributes two products as a monopolist in the given market. By constructing game model in which logistics provider is a leader, OEM and remanufacturer are the equal status followers, we solve chain members’ optimal services decision-making. Finally, we analyze influence of service elasticities and intensities of service competition of two manufacturers on members’ equilibrium decision-making.
Multifactor Effects on the N2O Emissions and Yield of Potato Fields Based on the DNDC Model
Authors: Wang Liwei , Zhang Kai , Guo Kangjun , Liu Limin , Zhang Tao , Xu Mingjie , Yan Xuefei , Gao Xining 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Maintaining or increasing grain yields while also reducing the emissions of field agricultural greenhouse gases is an important objective. To explore the multifactor effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and the yield of potato fields and to verify the applicability of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model when used to project the N2O emission load and yield, this research chooses a potato field in Shenyang northeast China from 2017~2019 as the experiment site. The experiment includes four nitrogen levels observed the emission of N2O by static chamber/gas chromatograph techniques. The results of this study are as follows: (1) DNDC has a good performance regarding the projection of N2O emissions and yields. The model efficiency index EFs were 0.45~0.88 for N2O emissions and 0.91, 0.85 and 0.85 for yields from 2017~2019. (2) The annual precipitation, soil organic carbon and soil bulk density had the most significant influence on the accumulated N2O emissions during the growth period of potato. The annual precipitation, annual average temperature and CO2 mass concentration had the most significant influences on yield. (3) Under the premise of a normal water supply, sowing potatoes within 5 days after the 5-day sliding average temperature in this area exceeds 10 °C can ensure the temperature required for the normal growth of potatoes and achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing yield. (4) The application of 94.5 kg·hm-2 nitrogen and 15 mm irrigation represented the best results for reducing N2O emissions while also maintaining the yield in potato fields.
Analysis of Stability of Silica Nano-Particle-Laden Microbubble Dispersion
Authors: Gupta Rashi , Saini Roshan , Parmar Rajeev 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Microbubbles are small gas filled bubbles which has wide application in various industries. Stability of microbubble dispersion is of primary concern for the application of microbubbles in these fields. In this research, the stability of microbubble dispersion generated using CTAB surfactant is analysed by drainage mechanism. The stability is studied on the basis of half-life of microbubble dispersion. Microbubble dispersion gas fraction and rise velocity of microbubble is also calculated and the size of microbubble is estimated from the rise velocity of microbubble. Further, Silica nanoparticles are added in the surfactants to study their effect on the stability of microbubble dispersion. The observed results clearly indicates that the stability of microbubble dispersion is significantly affected by the surfactant concentration and the weight of silica nanoparticle in the liquid. Similar results were observed for rise velocity and bubble size. The present work may be beneficial for the application of microbubble in various chemical and biochemical industries and scientific community.
Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Fixation Rate by Micro Algae Using Hybrid Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy Logic Methods and Optimization by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kushwaha Omkar Singh , Uthayakumar Haripriyan , Kumaresan Karthigaiselvan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study we are reporting a prediction model for the estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation based on the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) hybrid approach. The experimental parameters such as temperature and pH conditions of the micro-algae-based carbon dioxide uptake process were taken as the input variables and the CO2 fixation rate was taken as the output variable. The optimization of ANFIS parameters and formation of the model structure were performed by genetic algorithm (GA) algorithm in order to achieve optimum prediction capability and industrial applicability. The best-fitting model was figured out using statistical analysis parameters such as RMSE, R2 and AARD. According to the analysis, GA-ANFIS model depicted a superior prediction capability over ANFIS optimized model. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and AARD for GA-ANFIS were determined as 0.000431, 0.97865 and 0.044354 in the training phase and 0.00056, 0.98457 and 0.032156 in the testing phase, respectively for the GA-ANFIS Model. As a result, it can be concluded that the proposed GA-ANFIS model is an efficient technique having very high potential to accurately calculate CO2 fixation rate and the exploration of the industrial scale-up process for commercial activities.
Exposing Structural Variations in SARS-CoV-2 Evolution
Authors: Yang Jiaan , Zhang Peng , Cheng Wen Xiang , Lu Youyong , Gang Wu , Ren Gang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The mutation of SARS-CoV-2 influences viral function as residue replacements affect both physiochemical properties and folding conformations. Although a large amount of data on SARS-CoV-2 is available, the investigation of how viral functions change in response to mutations is hampered by a lack of effective structural analysis. Here, we exploit advances in protein structure fingerprint technology to study the folding conformational changes induced by mutations. With the integration of both protein sequences and folding conformations and alignments of SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2, the UK variant and India variant, we found that structural variations in the spike protein at the binding interface interacting with ACE2 play a critical role in coronavirus entry into human cells. Additionally, the structural variations impact vaccine effectiveness and drug function over the course of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. The analysis of structural variations revealed how the coronavirus has gradually evolved in both structure and function and how the SARS-CoV-2 variants have contributed to more severe acute disease worldwide.
Office Workers' Perspectives on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Landais Lorraine L. , Jelsma Judith G.M. , Dotinga Idske R. , Timmermans Danielle R.M. , Verhagen Evert A.L.M. , Damman Olga C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOffice workers spend a significant part of their workday in a sedentary position. Interventions that aim to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity insufficiently take into account individual perspectives – including beliefs and values – that influence behavioural choices. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of office workers' perspectives on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.MethodsSixteen Dutch office workers (50% female) from different professions consented to participate in semi-structured face-to-face interviews in March 2019. To facilitate the interviews, participants received a sensitizing booklet one week before the scheduled interview. The booklet aimed to trigger them to reflect on their physical activity and sedentary behaviour and on their values in life. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and coded following codebook thematic analysis.ResultsSix themes were identified: 1) beliefs about health effects are specific regarding physical activity, but superficial regarding sedentary behaviour; 2) in addition to health, social- and work-related values are also given priority; 3) motivations are related to the value 'health' and the valence and time frame of outcomes; 4) attitudes are diverse and depend on previous experiences, underlying values, and the situation; 5) perceived barriers depend on internal and external factors; 6) supporting factors are related to the social-, physical- and information environments.Conclusions Office workers' perspectives on physical activity and sedentary behaviour are related to beliefs about health effects, the prioritization of personal values, short- and long-term motivations, attitudes, perceived barriers, and supporting factors. Together, these factors seem to play a role in office workers' behavioural choices. Interventions that aim to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity among office workers could be improved by emphasizing short-term positive effects – including mental health effects – of physical activity, providing information about long-term health effects of sedentary behaviour, framing physical activity as congruent with values, and supporting value-congruent choices.
Abstract Near-Focus Versus Normal-Focus Narrow Band Imaging Colonoscopy in Diagnosis of ColorectalPolyps Based on Combined NICE and WASP Classification in Routine Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Netinatsunton Nisa , Cheewasereechon Natcha , Pattarapuntakul Tanawat , Sottisuporn Jaksin , Kanjanapradit Kanet , Ovartlarnporn Bancha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Near-focus versus Normal-focus Narrow Band Imaging Colonoscopy in Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps based on Combined NICE and WASP Classification in routine colonoscopy: a Randomized Controlled TrialNisa Netinatsunton1, Natcha Cheewasereechon1Tanawat Pattarapuntakul1, Jaksin Sottisuporn1, Kanet Kanjanapradit2, Bancha Ovartlarnporn1Background: NICE (NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic) and WASP (Workgroup on Serrated Polyps and Polyposis) classification were developed for optical diagnosis of adenoma and sessile serrated polyps, respectively. Near focus NBI with NICE combined with WASP criteria for optical diagnosis of colonic polyps has not been assessed formerly. Aims: To compare the accuracy of near focus NBI (group A) with normal focus NBI (group B) in real time optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using combined NICE and WASP criteria.Methods: 118 out of 362 patients with 227 polyps were recruited. 62 patients with 130 polyps (3 lost polyps) were assigned to group A and 56 patients with 106 polyps (6 lost polyps) were assigned to group B. Optical diagnoses were compared with pathological reports.Results: The performance of optical diagnosis of neoplastic polyps in group A compared with group B in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) was not significantly difference (76%, 72%, 81%, 86%, 64%, in group A, and 71%, 66%, 83%, 90%, 51%, in group B, respectively). Combined NICE and WASP criteria provided all false positive diagnosis of sessile polyps as serrated polyps in 31 (15.9%).Conclusions: Near-focus NBI was not superior to normal-focus NBI in in optical diagnostic of neoplastic polyps using NICE criteria. Combined NICE and WASP classification yielded all false positive in the diagnosis SSAPs in our study. Routine real life optical diagnosis of polyps is still not recommended.Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, NCT 04831814, was retrospectively registered on 04/01/2021.