bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Phenomena and the Occurrences; A comment
Authors: Ayodeji A.I. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Daniyan A.A. , Babaremu K.O. , Abioye P.O. , Agboola O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCorrosion refers to the deterioration of metallic materials resulting from the reactions between the components and their environe. However, corrosion occurs every day in the human world, both in industrial operations and domestically. This happens in different ways, making it well categorized into various types. This paper has concisely reported the basic phenomenon of corrosion, its environmental effect, and the various types like a crevice, pitting, erosion, and others. The Electrochemical behavior of corrosion was also reported as reactions that include oxidation and reduction reactions; oxidation reactions increase the valence number of materials by removing particles from the material, making them positively charged. In other ways, technological advancement has provided several attempts to understand this catastrophe, providing consistent mitigating measures and control toward attaining less cost. This overview studies the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the prospect of materials selection in curtailing the ranging challenges.
Trends in Polymer Development: Effects and Consolidation Processes
Authors: Adegbola T.A. , Agboola O. , Fayomi O.S.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Polymer development has seen broad growth, in research innovation and interest with major investment over the years. Improvement in polymer development have effectively influenced the modern world and transformed the quality of life in numerous spheres of domestic and industrial activities. These have added a new dimension into standards of life and extensive product development The aim of this review is to guide relevant authority on the need for the development of reliable polymers that can perform effectively in comparison with metals and its alloys at mild and extreme temperatures.
The effects of the advancement of polymer development can be seen across the globe, this is due to the advance in material science and technology. This is by means of global idea exchange and cutting-edge technology transfer through different platforms from researchers, industries and government across the globe. This will lead to the exploration of numerous polymers consolidation processes and instituting more research to achieve this by means of technology development and adaptive software programs application.
In view of this, consolidation processes through industries and academics with government collaboration is needed to guide the development for both the present and future development and application.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Pneumatic Fluid Pumping System
Authors: Adeodu O. A. , Daniyan I. A. , Usoro I. K. , Asuquo A. I. , Bello K. A , Oloyede O. R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This project is based on the development of a pneumatic pumping system that operates using pneumatic cylinders as the actuator. The pump is self-priming and supplies fluids at high pressure and constant flow rates compared to normal centrifugal pumps. In this work, a 3D model is developed using Solid-works software and the pneumatic circuit used is simulated using FESTO fluid simulator. The modelling and design of the Pneumatic fluid pumping system were done using existing design parameters of a reciprocating pump as the basis and in fabricating the system. The performance evaluation of the pumping system was carried out by conducting integrity test on the joints and valves by introducing compressed air at a constant pressure of 10 bar into the cylinders to ascertain any leakages through the joints and valves. Also, experimental plots of discharge head against flow rates in the range of 800 to 7890 mm give flowrate between 3.87 × 10-4m3/sec to 1.48 × 10-4m3/sec, respectively were obtained. The wear and tear in the system have been reduced due to reduction in moving parts and the elimination of prime movers. The design will find useful application in oil and gas industries and where flows through high suction and head are need. Based on the results are presented, recommendations to improve the system for better performance were also suggested.
Material Selection and Processing Techniques: Crucial Factors for Gear Engineering
Authors: Salawu E.Y. , Ajayi O.O. , Inegbenebor A.O. , Akinlabi S , Afolalu S.A. , Aroyinbo A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gear drives are susceptible to consistent wear due to repeated cyclic stress around the teeth while in the application. The repeated cyclic loadings have effects on the tribological performance of the components. Also, the downtime data from bottling plants showed that there is a significant increase in gear failure, which resulted in maintenance costs. The contact between a pair of gear in the mesh is complex, which leads to several failure modes like; micropitting, scuffing, micro pitting, and wear as a result of rotation. Materials formed the fundamental elements in which production/manufacturing processes depend on. The selection of materials for high-quality manufacturing depends significantly on the complicated relationship between their properties and manufacturing techniques. Recently, great varieties of materials and processing techniques are available to a gear designer. However, the choice of material and processing methods at a minimized cost poses a challenge to gear designers. In the present study, the importance of material selection and processing methods towards efficient gear design and transmission have been enumerated. Failures associated with materials and processing techniques have also been established as well as the methods of improving the mechanical properties. It is expected that the adoption of the highlighted findings into gear design would result in a reduction of failures and efficient gear transmission.
Performance Characterization of a Kenics Static Mixer Using Slotted Elements
Authors: Towoju O. A. , Ishola F. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The pharmaceutical, biomedical, bioenergy, and consumer products industries rely heavily on the mixing of fluids. The bulk of the processes that are undergone in these industries are laminar flowing fluids with the attendant need for low-pressure losses which the Kenics static mixers are better suited for. The mixing of fluids is achieved through the splitting and shearing at successive element junctions and stretching and folding along the length of the elements. The performance of Kenics static mixers can be enhanced by optimizing the total blade twist angle, however, the blade pitch has little or no impactful effect. The device geometry optimization is a criterion for its performance enhancement. This study investigates the output mixture strength of the Kenics static mixer using slotted mixer elements solved numerically with Finite Element Method code; COMSOL Multiphysics. The Kenics static mixer performance was optimized with the use of slotted mixer elements as it was observed that the slot width size and a varying number of slots on the mixer elements had an impact on its performance.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Buoyancy Flow in A Differentially Heated Square Cavity
Authors: Olayemi O.A. , Olabemiwo J.T , Jolayemi T.S. , Oladosu K. O. , Odetunde C. , Adegun I.K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study analyzes conjugate heat transfer in a differentially heated square cavity. The left wall of the cavity is cooled, and the right wall is heated while the horizontal walls are adiabatic. Normalized continuity, momentum and energy transport equations were solved with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software. The effects of Rayleigh number in the range of 102 ⩽ RA ⩽ 106 and Prandtl number in the range of 0.71 ⩽ PR ⩽ 100 on streamlines, isotherms, and the overall heat transfer in the cavity are reported. The results show that for all the Rayleigh numbers considered, the local Nusselt number and the average Nusselt number increase with increasing value of Rayleigh number. Furthermore, for 0.71 ⩽ PR ⩽ 100, the study reveals that Prandtl number has a minimal effect on the overall rate of heat transfer.
Characterization of Liquid and Solid Products from Pyrolysis of Terminalia ivorensis
Authors: Oyebanji J.A. , Okekunle P.O. , Oyedepo S.O. , Fayomi O. S. I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Terminalia ivorensis wood sawdust (TIWS) was pyrolyzed under nitrogen atmosphere. Pyrolysis temperature influence on the product yields and the fuel properties of the yields were investigated between heating range of 400 – 700 °C. The peak condition for bio-oil yield from pyrolysis was determined. The proximate and elemental analysis of the raw sample and bio-char yields at different temperatures were carried out. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the bio-oil obtained at the optimum condition was also done. The optimum yield of bio-oil (50%) was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. The proximate and elemental analysis results of the raw sample showed volatile matter and carbon were 75.22 and 49.80%, respectively with a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 19.71 MJ/kg while those of bio-char showed average values of 14.38 and 75.45%, with an average HHV of 26.14 MJ/kg. GCMS analysis showed that dominant hydrocarbon mixtures in the bio-oil were palmitic acid (16.0%), cis-1, 9-hexadecadiene (15.0%), cis-10-pentadecen-1-ol (14.0%), 9-octadecenal (12.0%), trans-2-octadecadecen-1-ol (12.0%), oleic acid (7.3%), myristic acid (4.0%) and stearic acid (3.0%). These findings revealed considerable amounts of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, furan and phenolic compounds in bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of TIWS, making it a potential source of bio-fuel and chemical compounds, and that the derived bio-chars have sufficient heating values for solid fuel applications.
Sustainability Assessment of Traffic Flow in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlade T. O. , Ogunyebi S. N. , Akindutire O. R. , Ajewole O. R. , Okoro J. O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, traffic flow has been studied using speed density regression coefficient. Traffic congestion and its attendant problems are faced in a lot of cities as it increases travel time, air pollution, carbon emissions and fuel consumption. This study seeks to measure the traffic count along some selected highways in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data was collected and based on this; we analyze the traffic flow, density, and speed on these roads and the relationships between them. The analysis carried out on all the lanes which are one-lane highways shows a good fit of correlation coefficient.
Mathematical Modelling of Inpatient Flow and Bed Allocation in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ogunlade T.O. , Olorunsola S. A. , Adeleke R. A. , Akindutire O. R. , Okoro J. O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Unnecessary delay on queues at hospitals and lack of access to care are associated to loss of lives. In this study we analyze the flow of inpatients in order to find out the appropriate number of beds needed to realize a smooth flow at points where congestion existed in a Nigerian university teaching hospital. Basic hospital statistics, like percentage occupancy, bed turnover rate, etc., are computed and we use queuing model to analyze patient flow and allocation of beds and demonstrate that patient flow in the hospital can be modeled using Erlang loss model.
Biodiesel Fuel Production Processes: A Short Review
Authors: Ayoola A.A. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Adegbite O.A. , Raji O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This review considered the recent efforts made in the biodiesel fuel production processes. The review on some of these production techniques centered on their cutting edge as well as their limitations. The review shows the possibility of having simple production techniques with a set of favourable processing conditions that will result into quality biodiesel production at the possible minimum costs.
Fabrication of Nano Particle Titanium Dioxide via Acidic and Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Araoyinbo A O , Omotosho O A , Afolalu S A , Fajobi M A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, titanium dioxide nano particles were produced by an electrochemical process in a strongly acidic (pH1) and alkaline (pH9) electrolytes. The anodization of titanium foil in an electrolyte produces an oxide form of the metal when an applied potential is supplied to the metal that is in contact with the aqueous solution. The electrolyte type is important in the formation of a nanotubes, nanopores or nano particles on the surface of the metal. The applied potential was 20 V from a dc supply and the electrolyte conditions were adjusted with the use of aqueous sodium hydroxide pellets. The heat-treated Titanium dioxide nano particles are known to possess photocatalytic capabilities for purification and destruction of microorganisms in contaminated solutions. In order to produce the nanoparticles at pH1, an aqueous hydrofluoric acid electrolyte was initially prepared and for pH9 a separately prepared HF solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide pellets until the pH value was achieved. After the anodization process the heat treatment of the samples was performed at 300, 500, and 700 °C to observe the phase transformation from an amorphous nanoparticle to anatase and rutile phase. The morphology testing was by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) machine to observe the presence of the nano particles at the substrate surface. The phase transformation was characterized with the use of an X-ray differential (XRD) to identify the presence of anatase and the rutile phases.
Study on Optimum Steam to Oxygen Blowing Ratio for Enhanced Chromium Recovery from Ferrochromium in Creusot Loire Uddeholm Converter
Authors: Okanigbe D.O. , Letsie T. , Popoola A. P. I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently, the yield of metallic chromium from ferrochromium (FeCr) in Creusot Loire Uddeholm converter (hereafter abbreviated as CLU), is below optimum, owing to poor oxidation of FeCr feed. Consequently, oxygen not only reacts with carbon but chromium too, thereby causing a reduction in yield of metallic chromium. Howbeit, the focus of this research was to determine the optimum steam to oxygen blow ratio for enhanced chromium recovery from CLU converter. The focus was achieved by determining best slag chemistry for recovery of metallic chromium and carbon level switchover for best blowing ratio. Both feed and outputs from CLU process were analyzed using the ICP AES for elemental contents. The results obtained showed an increase in chromium content by16%, and a reduction in carbon content by 71%, while change in iron content was approximately 0% after refining, at a slag basicity of 1.1 to 1.4 and slag chemistry of CaO (32.5 wt%), MgO (11.5 wt%) and SiO2 (38.7 wt%). In conclusion, the best chromium recovery at lowest carbon content was achieved at an oxygen to steam blowing ratio of 6 to 10 and critical carbon content switchover point of 2.1 wt%.
Effectiveness of BIM-based visualization technologies for construction site health and safety management: A Meta-synthesis Approach
Authors: Akinlolu Mariam , Haupt Theo C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Drawing from existing studies, this study presents a meta-synthesis aimed to examine the effectiveness of BIM-based visualization systems for health and safety management on construction job sites in comparison to other methods. A systematic review and qualitative method of methasynthensis was conducted. An online literature search was conducted in December 2019 to obtain 64 studies published on BIM and visualization technologies in the construction environment from the Scopus database. For further selection and inclusion, the abstracts, titles, and keywords of the 64 papers were reviewed, and three filter criteria were applied to eliminate unnecessary papers that did not align with the research subject and theme. After filtration, a total of 45 publications were selected. A synthesis was conducted on a set of 6 papers on BIM and visualization technologies for construction safety management. The study identified key themes and categories and observable patterns among studies. The qualitative review revealed that the number of accidents, injuries, and property damaged was significantly lower when BIM combined with visualization systems were used. Additionally, many of the studies justified the use of visualization technologies linked with BIM. These studies showed that the integration allowed safety managers to develop adequate safety plans, inspect construction projects, collect, and analyze data on safety violations, and monitor hazardous situations in real-time.
BIPV Potentials in Overcoming Energy Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Olajube A. A. , Simeon M. , Amuta E. O. , Aligbe A. , Uyi A. , Adoghe A. U. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The incorporation of the solar panels to the building roof envelopes, also referred to as the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), is gradually gaining recognition in the energy-efficient systems. Apart from providing aesthetics, it is also a cost-effective, innovative, space-conservative, and pollution-free power generating technology from buildings. This technology is very economical because it helps to save the space required for PV panels that could be used for other infrastructural projects. an enormous power can be generated from buildings and added to the energy mix to help meet the increasing power demand. The BIPV potential for facades, rooftops, and windows is assessed in this article for Sub-Saharan African countries by evaluating the various methodologies that have been used globally, state of the art, and the relevant research areas for the future clean electricity harvesting schemes in buildings.
Nanotechnology Applications in Systhesis Of Bioplastic
Authors: Abioye Abiodun A. , Afolalu Sunday A. , Yusuf Olabisi O. , Emetere Moses E. , Ongbali Samson O. , Mfon Udo , Samuel Olusegun D. , Olayinka Ayotunde 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe plastic industry is often plagued with the inability to find an optimal balance between mechanical properties, cost of production and acceptable level of biodegradability of plastics. As a result of these problems, several methods of synthesis are sought after in a bid to produce competitive biodegradable effective materials which can be applied in various industries. This paper focuses on procedures to enhance the production of plastics; through agricultural waste and applying nanotechnology for better enhanced plastic products.
The Potential for a Sustainable Biodiesel Production by Modified Biobased Catalyst–A review
Authors: Bitire S.O. , Jen T. C. , Belaid M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel which is a green fuel derived by the transesterification of vegetable oil is a renewable and environmentally friendly approach to energy generation. Unlike diesel fuel, that has greatly fostered greenhouse gas emissions, a major concern for the environment. On the other hand, the use of biodiesel is economically feasible and biodegradable with lower toxicity. Biodiesel is made from different materials but the availability of these materials as well as the cost-effectiveness are the contributing factors to the large-scale production of biodiesel. Thus, interest in a potentially clean and easily available sustainable energy from fairly cheap eco-friendly materials is a necessity. Biobase catalysts are derived from reusable, non-toxic, high catalytic activity materials that have high water tolerance properties and are capable of preventing the formation of by-products such as soaps produced when homogeneous catalysts are adopted which requires lots of water to be removed and disposed properly. Hence, this review was carried out to assess the recent heterogeneous biobased and modified biobased catalyst for sustainable production of biodiesel and compare their performance in terms of biodiesel yield, quality, and suitability for industrial application. The current diversion into biodiesel production using waste biobased catalysts has paved the way for sustainable energy management by means of converting waste to cleaner energy production.
Optimizing the Rheology of Concrete modified with High Silica and Alumina Precursor for Normal Workability in the Built Environment
Authors: Oyebisi S. O. , Ede A.N. , Owamah H. I. , Oluwafemi J.O. , Sani R. O. , Odetoyan A.O. , Akpabot A. I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concrete performance in its fresh state is not only pertinent for proper concrete placement, consolidation, and finishing but also its properties in its hardened state. Thus, this study optimized the rheology of concrete modified with high silica and alumina precursor (cashew nutshell ash (CNA)). Cashew nutshell was recycled, and the ash obtained was used at 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of cement using the concrete mix designs of grades C 25-40 to attain the target strengths of 25-40 MPa at 28 days. Both slump and its corresponding compressive strength were determined. Moreover, the concrete slump was optimized using the experimental mix design properties (EMDPs) such as cementitious materials, water/cementitious materials, and cementitious materials/aggregate ratios, as independent (continuous variables). The findings showed that EMDPs influenced the rheology of fresh concrete, significantly, hence yielding an optimized high precision with 99 % R2. Therefore, the model can be used to predict the normal workability of the concrete incorporating CNA in the built environment.
Assessing the potential of inhibitors and essential drugs toward corrosion preventive measure
Authors: Nduma R.C. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Udoye N. E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCorrosion as a major problem and inhibition of corrosion can be said to be the best economic option applied when mitigating corrosion. Corrosion inhibition has already been established in various commercial enterprises, either for the protection of pipes in the petroleum industry or to reduce the disintegration rate of feed water sections or boilers or also used to cut down the sulphide induced decomposition in industries that are being utilized for the gasification of steel pipelines. Thus, this overview establishes the fundamental principle of inhibitor usage on metallic materials and the factor affecting the choice of the inhibitor.
Design and fabrication of an electrical-powered roasted groundnut decorticator
Authors: Amosun S. T. , Anisiji E.O. , Samuel O.D. , Emagbetere E. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Ogunleye T.O , Azike S.E. , Kaffo P.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Worldwide roasted groundnuts available in different packages and variations are widely consumed by people. In spite of this, effective roasted groundnut decorticating machines are not readily available in developing countries like Nigeria. Roasted groundnuts are peeled manually which does not produce large output and cannot meet market demands. The decorticating machine is designed to comprise a hopper to feed in the roasted seeds, a rotating spiked tooth drum and a blower powered by 1 HP electric motor, tripping is done by holding the seed over the spiked cylinder. The stripped kernels fall below and are collected separately. Blower is incorporated into the machine to separate lighter seeds and chaff from the peeled groundnuts. The components were designed, fabricated and assembled accordingly. Experimental runs were conducted to evaluate the performance of the machine. The results obtained indicated that the decorticator has a throughput of 16.95kg/hr. It also has peeling and material efficiencies of 90.5 and 94.75% with 5.25% damage. It can be concluded that the machine was functional.