bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could NATO (still) defend Europe?
Authors: Allen John R. , Hodges F. Ben , Lindley-French Julian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
NATO has been ‘adapting’ for a decade and has made significant progress in meeting the coming challenges to Europe defence. However, power is relative and the nature of future war across the multi-domains of air, sea, land, cyber, space, information, and knowledge, allied to the accelerating speed of war, also reveals profound Allied weaknesses. Whilst the Americans are increasingly overstretched trying to cover the expanding space and technology of warfare, Europeans are decidedly under-stretched, unable, or unwilling to meet the demands of defence, too often seeing defence as a budget to be raided for domestic political concerns. Ultimately, NATO is in the business of deterrence, for if it fails defence seems unlikely, short of a rapid descent into all-out nuclear war. Europeans must thus understand that NATO is essentially a European institution, and it can only fulfil its mission as a defensive Alliance if they give the Alliance the means and tools to maintain a minimum but credible conventional force and nuclear force deterrent.
Hyperwar
Authors: Allen John R. , Hodges F. Ben , Lindley-French Julian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Europe could be facing a digital Dreadnought moment when strategy, capability, and technology combine to create a decisive breakthrough in the technology and character of warfare. The future of peace in Europe could well depend on the ability of Europeans and Americans to mount a credible defence and deterrence across the mosaic of hybrid, cyber, and hyper-warfare. Critical to such a posture will be the closing of the growing gap between Europe’s conventional and nuclear deterrents. Rather than match Russia’s burgeoning short and intermediate offensive nuclear systems, the Allies should consider a new concept of deterrence across the conventional, digital, nuclear spectrum. If not, Europeans will remain vulnerable to digital decapitation and the imposed use of disruptive technologies. Only a strategic ‘alliance’ between public policy and private technology will enable the Allies to harness the revolution in (applied) military technology to assure European defence in the face of the gathering (tech-)storm.
Scenario 2
Authors: Allen John R. , Hodges F. Ben , Lindley-French Julian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scenario 2 describes an imagined situation in 2030 where Europe is defended. Dialogue and defence are maintained by a transatlantic alliance in which Europeans have sufficiently mastered the balance between military capability and societal and security resiliency—in which Europeans are sufficiently militarily capable and politically cohesive to ease pressure on the Americans and act coherently as first responders in an emergency in and around Europe. At the core of Europe’s future defence is a European future force able to operate to effect across air, sea, land, cyber, space, information, and knowledge, which can both face down a high-end military threat to the European peace and support European Allies facing chaos: a European defence built on a new transatlantic relationship in which burdens are equitably shared and Europeans are responsibly autonomous.
The Planetary Clock
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe theme of The Planetary Clock is the representation of time in postmodern culture and the way temporality as a global phenomenon manifests itself differently across an antipodean axis. To trace postmodernism in an expansive spatial and temporal arc, from its formal experimentation in the 1960s to environmental concerns in the twenty-first century, is to describe a richer and more complex version of this cultural phenomenon. Exploring different scales of time from a Southern Hemisphere perspective, with a special emphasis on issues of Indigeneity and the Anthropocene, The Planetary Clock offers a wide-ranging, revisionist account of postmodernism, reinterpreting literature, film, music, and visual art of the post-1960 period within a planetary framework. By bringing the culture of Australia and New Zealand into dialogue with other Western narratives, it suggests how an antipodean impulse, involving the transposition of the world into different spatial and temporal dimensions, has long been an integral (if generally occluded) aspect of postmodernism. Taking its title from a clock designed in 1510 to measure worldly time alongside the rotation of the planets, The Planetary Clock ranges across well-known American postmodernists (John Barth, Toni Morrison) to more recent science fiction writers (Octavia Butler, Richard Powers), while bringing the US tradition into dialogue with both its English (Philip Larkin, Ian McEwan) and Australian (Les Murray, Alexis Wright) counterparts. By aligning cultural postmodernism with music (Messiaen, Ligeti, Birtwistle), the visual arts (Hockney, Blackman, Fiona Hall) and cinema (Rohmer, Haneke, Tarantino), The Planetary Clock enlarges our understanding of global postmodernism for the twenty-first century.
Conclusion
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Conclusion summarizes this book’s thesis, arguing that the complexity of a postmodernism conceived in spherical terms involves principled resistance to flat models of any kind. It suggests that postmodernism is not inherently defined by any specific political or religious position, and that the geography of the Oceania and the Pacific, too often regarded as illegible within postmodern designs, offers a more rounded perspective on this field, one that opens it out to global and environmental issues. With reference to the fiction of Kim Stanley Robinson, Michel Butor, and David Mitchell, this Conclusion indicates that conditions of distance, transition, and reciprocity across different vectors of the world system should contribute to the reformulation of postmodernism according to a more planetary perspective.
A Revolution in Rhyme
Authors: Shams Fatemeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Revolution in Rhyme: Poetic Co-option under the Islamic Republic offers, for the first time, an original, timely examination of the pivotal role poetry plays in policy, power and political legitimacy in modern-day Iran. Through a compelling chronological and thematic framework, Shams presents fresh insights into the emerging lexicon of coercion and unrest in the modern Persian canon. Analysis of the lives and work of ten key poets traces the evolution of the Islamic Republic, from the 1979 Revolution, through to the Iran-Iraq War, the death of a leader and the rise of internal conflicts. Ancient forms jostle against didactic ideologies, exposing the complex relationship between poetry, patronage and literary production in authoritarian regimes, shedding light on a crucial area of discourse that has been hitherto overlooked.
The Practical Thinking View
Authors: Schapiro Tamar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, I consider a very common reaction against an imagined brute force view. The “practical thinking” view holds that when you are inclined to act, you are not simply being pushed around. Rather, you are engaged in some kind of practical thinking, the same kind of practical thinking through which you move yourself when you are acting. I do not reject the practical thinking view as such. But I argue that most versions of it make being inclined to act too much like acting. The problem is not the idea that inclinations are guided by practical thinking, but rather the further idea that this thinking is attributable to us in the same sense that our actions are. I call this assumption “motivational monism.” I claim that the practical thinking view can only succeed if it rejects motivational monism.
The High Road
Authors: Schapiro Tamar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, I begin to show how the inner animal view meets the constraints I laid out. What is the relation between your instinctive part and your deciding part? It cannot be that of rider to horse, because that would be an internalized brute force view. I argue further that it cannot be that of ruler to citizenry, as in Korsgaard’s constitution model of the soul, because that makes the difference between inclination and will too shallow. Instead of looking for familiar analogies, I claim, we should accept that this relation is sui generis, while still articulating a conception that meets the three constraints. Here I focus on non-voluntariness and deliberative role. I explain why it is challenging to meet these constraints jointly. I then show how the inner animal view can be developed so as to meet both. Your inclinations are non-voluntary because they are guided by your instinctive mind, which is different from your deciding mind. They can nevertheless play a deliberative role, because you can take your inner animal’s thinking as raw material and “incorporate” it into a maxim that you can regard as worthy of your choice.
Arthur Sullivan
Authors: Bradley Ian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arthur Sullivan is almost certainly the best loved and most widely performed British composer in history. Although best known for his comic opera collaborations with W.S. Gilbert, it was his substantial corpus of sacred music which meant most to him and for which he wanted to be remembered. Both his upbringing and training in church music and his own religious beliefs substantially affected both his compositions for the theatre and his more serious work, which included oratorios, cantatas, sacred ballads, liturgical pieces, and hymn tunes. Focusing on the spiritual aspects of Sullivan’s life, which included several years as a church organist, involvement in Freemasonry, and an undying attachment to Anglican church music, Ian Bradley uses hitherto undiscovered or un-noticed letters, diary entries, and other sources to reveal the important influences on his faith and his work. No saint and certainly no ascetic, Sullivan was a lover of life and enjoyed its pleasures to the full. At the same time he had a rare spiritual sensitivity, a simple and sincere Christian faith, an unusually generous disposition, and a unique ability to uplift, soften, and assure through both his character and his music that can best be described as a quality of divine emollient.
Introduction
Authors: Bradley Ian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The critical reception of the 2018 recording of The Light of the World oratorio marked a milestone in the rehabilitation and rediscovery of Arthur Sullivan’s sacred music. Whereas in his lifetime, he was recognized as a serious composer with a strong commitment to church music, the twentieth century saw an almost total focus on his comic opera collaborations with W.S. Gilbert to the exclusion of virtually all his serious and sacred work. Allied to this, recent biographers and commentators have suggested that he had no real religious faith or commitment. In fact, there is clear evidence from his correspondence and diaries that, although naturally reticent and private about such matters, Sullivan did have a sure and simple faith and was deeply committed to sacred music, as his contemporaries recognized.
The Holiness Framework
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The only framework necessarily characterizing divine action is the holiness framework, on which divine action responds appropriately to God’s own perfection by being motivated to keep what is deficient, defective, and in any way limited at a distance from God. Such a framework makes intelligible our response to God as holy and fits well within our ordinary practical thought about ways in which some actions, things, and relationships can be beneath one. It can also be situated in any theory of reasons for action that has a place for expressive reasons, and is extremely useful in offering an interpretation of divine action in Scripture. The appeal to the holiness framework as the only necessary framework for divine action does not entail that God does not act on reasons of love for creatures; rather, it entails only that God acts on such reasons contingently, if at all.
A Holy Being, Incarnate
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter develops two lines of argument. The first concerns a very fundamental normative problem of Christology. Since the assumption of a human nature is the most intimate relationship that a divine person could stand in with respect to a created being, and all created beings are dramatically limited, it seems a divine person would have overwhelmingly strong reasons against becoming incarnate. The solution appeals to contingent love toward creatures: acting contingently on reasons of love, God chooses (but did not have to choose) to accept the unfittingness resultant upon becoming incarnate for the sake of creatures. The second line of argument concerns the relevance of the holiness framework to the claim that Christ is not just sinless but impeccable. The best explanation for impeccability is from the holiness framework: it is unsurprising that God could not be willing to enter into the most intimate sort of relationship possible with a creaturely nature that exhibits the worst sort of defect, that is, sin.
Transition I
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to many problems resulting from the heavy chemical industry (HCI) drive in the 1970s, including excessive input-oriented overinvestments, heavy-handed and highly detailed state control and imbalanced development, Korean capitalism in the 1980s underwent significant changes in the direction of liberalization, including open trade, privatization of banks, reduction of policy loans, and emphasis on private initiatives in the free market. Yet these liberalization measures do not mean an entire transformation of the developmental state to a neoliberal free market system. On the contrary, they initiated the transformation of the classical developmental state (DS) to a new version of state-led developmentalism. This chapter explores first to what extent Korea capitalism in the Chun Doo-hwan administration (1980–7) changed compared with the former DS. Second, we explore why Korea continued its state-led developmentalism by focusing mainly on bureaucratic contests inside the state.
Transition II
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The reforms initiated in the late 1970s took time to materialize the detailed form of new developmentalism. Conflicts between state policymakers and large corporations slowly produced adjustments through tedious attrition in the Roh Tae-woo (1988–92) and Kim Young-sam (1993–7) administrations. Large corporations wanted input-oriented volume expansionism, while economic bureaucrats pressed to change private corporations’ strategy toward specialization in core business. This chapter examines how industrial politics between the state and the private firms, as well as within the state, evolved in the Roh and Kim administrations, and why Korea continued state-led developmentalism by contentious adjustments. First this chapter examines the industrial politics between state and business, as well as among the ministries within the state during the Roh and Kim administrations. And before exploring the transformation following the Asian financial crisis, this chapter examines the electronics industry for a micro-level analysis of Korea’s new developmentalism.
Introduction
Authors: Benger Alaluf Yaara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The introductory chapter of the book outlines and questions the conventional approach to the democratization and popularization of British holidaymaking in the late-nineteenth century. This dominant take interprets it as a process of depathologization or the result of a loss of faith in the healing powers of water and a growing demand for entertainment and amusement. It then lays out the aims and objectives of the book by introducing its central claim that historical changes in holiday culture and tourism consumption can be better understood in light of shifts in the way people understood emotions and the emotional self. The popularization of the British holiday resort went hand in hand with intense debates about the purpose of the holiday (health or pleasure) and its methods (treatments or amusements), all related to broader moral controversies concerning class and wellbeing. The chapter presents the research questions, theoretical framework, and structure of the work. It then explains the theoretical implications of the absence of a dedicated study on the emotional aspects of holidaymaking, and introduces the concept of ‘emotional economy’, which serves as the book’s central analytical framework throughout.
The emotionalization of the holiday resort
Authors: Benger Alaluf Yaara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that by the turn of the century, British spa and seaside resorts were explicitly proclaiming the emotional effects of holidaymaking and gradually advertising happiness and joy as their main product. It analyses the commodification of emotional experiences and its effects on notions of gender and class. The emotionalization of holidaymaking did not challenge its therapeutic function; rather, the crucial change was that the therapeutic framing of amusement opened holidaymaking to the lower classes, while at the same time paving the way for physicians to become involved in various aspects of the holiday industry. Through the analysis of travel guides, advertisements, popular literature, and texts written by vacationers, the second part of the chapter explores some of the challenges faced by resorts in their new function as an emotional industry. In order to provide emotional change, the resort industry had to adjust itself to all kinds of unstable perceptions of the moral dispositions and emotional meanings of time, space, sights, and sounds (e.g. modernity, technology, urban space, nature, crowds). In contrast to common assumptions about consumerism, it is shown that the kind of consumption practised in holidaymaking was not entirely subordinated to or manipulated by the production system; rather, the value of the product was co-produced within a broader emotional economy.
The System of Public Authority Liability in Germany
Authors: Wollenschläger Ferdinand , Stapf Johannes 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The foundations of the present law in Germany can be succinctly stated as follows. First, a provision on public authority liability may be found in the constitution (the Grundgesetz) as well as in the Civil Code, the scope and relationship of which remain to be determined. Second, as a general rule, primary legal protection enjoys priority over secondary legal protection, i.e. claimants must bring a prior administrative appeal or complaint before being entitled to damages. Third, there is a rich variety of rules governing administrative liability: old and new, general and sector-specific, procedural and substantive. Although such rules are generally based on the existence of illegality, exceptionally lawful administrative actions may give rise to compensation.
The Principles Governing Public Authority Liability in Poland
Authors: Wierzbowski Marek , Grzywacz Marek , Dyrda Joanna Róg , Ziółkowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Before 1989, Polish courts in some cases affirmed the liability of the State on the basis of existing legislative provisions. After 1989, the Constitution admits administrative liability in very general terms, because everyone shall have the right to be awarded damages for any harm done by administrative action contrary to the law. The more detailed provisions of the Civil Code implement such general principle. More generally, the liability of administrative authorities is regarded as being subject to private law standards. However, in some cases illegality per se will not suffice for liability. This is the case, in particular, for administrative acts that are characterized by real discretion. Moreover, administrative procedures are regulated by parliamentary legislation. Another particular feature of Polish law is that, to prove the unlawfulness of the action taken by administrative authorities, on both procedural and substantive grounds, claimants must bring an action before administrative courts.
Constitutional Foundations of Government Liability in Spain
Authors: Garrido Eva Maria Nieto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Spain, the Civil Code has long been the basis of the liability of administrative authorities, and the Constitution has reaffirmed it by way of a general principle of damages liability. The Constitution has also confirmed the importance attached to the legislative regulation of administrative procedure, especially after the Act of 1958, subsequently amended in 1992 and 2015. A claim may, therefore, more easily than elsewhere, be based on the lack of procedural fairness. Coherently with traditional views of administrative liability, the constitutional provision admits it whenever harm is a consequence of actions taken in the discharge of public functions or services. Another fundamental feature of the Spanish legal system is that there is an ‘objective’ conception of liability, in the sense that it is not only based on misconduct. Procedurally, a specific administrative procedure must be carried out. After its conclusion, a claim can be brought before the specialized judicial branch, the jurisdiction ‘contencioso-administrativa’.
Public Authority Liability in the United Kingdom
Authors: Anthony Gordon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although the UK has not what would be recognized by other legal systems as a general principle of damages liability concerning public authorities, there is no general shield of immunity for them. Nor is there a separate, or dedicated, system of courts that deals with administrative liability. Finally, there is no such thing as a codification of administrative procedure. However, the rules of administrative procedure can be found not only in common law (the rules of ‘natural justice’ or ‘fairness’, i.e. the rule against bias and audi alteram partem) and in statute law, but also in external sources, such as the European Convention on Human Rights, in particular, in Article 6. The latter has obviously influenced case law under the Human Rights Act, notably through the requirement that UK courts take into account the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Considered as a whole, these sources set out standards of procedural fairness and propriety which must be respected by public authorities.
Standards of Judicial Review of Administrative Action (1890–1910) in the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Authors: Zumbini Angela Ferrari 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that, if France has been the home of administrative courts, Austria has greatly contributed to the development of administrative law with regard to administrative procedure. Thanks to the Austrian Administrative Court, established in 1875, administrative law has been increasingly important in the regulation of public affairs. The chapter analyses the causes, development, and effects of these features. One main theme is, of course, the scope and purpose of judicial review of administrative action. In this respect, the chapter shows the growth of litigation and the liberal approach followed by the Court. Moreover, the role of the Court as lawmaker is examined in the light of the general principles of law that it developed. . Such principles included legality and procedural fairness, with particular regard to the right to a hearing and the duty to give reasons. Considered as a whole, they required public administrations to act reasonably rather than arbitrarily. Finally, it was judge-made law that constituted the basis for the codification of 1925.