bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography features in type 1 versus type 2 choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Goker Yasin Sakir , Demir Gokhan 
Published: August 2021

Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an advanced imaging modality that provides high resolution images at the level of different retinal layers. This study aime to evaluate choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) quantitatively and qualitatively, according to their classification, morphological features, and flow areas, using OCTA.
Methods: In this descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study, CNVMs were divided into 2 groups according to their classification as type 1 or type 2 neovascularization. Mixed CNVMs were excluded from the study. The size (mm2) and the flow area (mm2) of the CNVMs were calculated via OCTA and the presence of the perivascular halo and loop anastomoses were analyzed. The morphological appearance of the CNVMs were classified as: medusa, sea-fan, lacy-wheel, glomerular, dead tree, and mature vascular networks.
Results: Of the 85 eyes assessed for eligibility, 45 eyes of 34 individuals with CNVM were enrolled in this retrospective study. Twenty-eight eyes had type 1 and 17 eyes had type 2 CNVMs. The mean size and flow area were greater in type 1 than in type 2 CNVMs (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 6.69 ± 4.54 and 3.61 ± 3.56 mm2 versus 3.04 ± 1.98 and 1.77 ± 1.62 mm2; P = 0.044 and 0.046, respectively). Among the 22 eyes with type 1 CNVMs and the 9 eyes with type 2 CNVMs, 31 eyes had exudative membranes. Among the eyes with exudative CNVMs, 22 eyes had a perivascular halo and 22 eyes had loop anastomoses; this was significantly more than in the non-exudative eyes (P = 0.042 and 0.041, respectively). The lacy-wheel (38.7%) and dead tree (71.4%) patterns were the most frequent morphological appearance of the CNVMs in the exudative and non-exudative membranes, respectively.
Conclusions: OCTA provides objective documantation about CNVMs. A perivascular dark halo around CNVMs could be a criterion to define exudative membranes activity.
How to cite this article: Goker YS, Demir G. Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography features in type 1 versus type 2 choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2021 Summer; 10(2): 25-31. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1423
Endothelial cell loss rate after penetrating keratoplasty: Optical versus therapeutic grafts
Authors: Shams Abdelrhman , Gaafar Ayman Abdelmoneim , Elkitkat Rania Serag , Yousif Mohamed Omar 
Published: August 2021

Background: This study aimed to compare the rate of endothelial cell loss (ECL) after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for optical versus therapeutic grafts at 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperatively. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate postoperative graft viability and the rate of graft rejection during the first year of follow-up for both indications.
Methods: This was a prospective, observational, comparative study that included patients who sought medical advice at the cornea outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. The study recruited 60 patients: group 1 included 30 transplanted corneas of 30 patients who underwent optical PKP for various indications, while group 2 included 30 transplanted corneas of 30 patients who underwent therapeutic PKP for unhealed, resistant infectious keratitis. Specular microscopy was performed for all patients at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up visits using Nidek CEM-530 specular microscopy. Postoperative clinical examinations were performed at the same follow-up visits to detect graft rejection.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups concerning the postoperative timing of graft clarity or the rate of ECL at 3- and 6-months postoperatively; however, the rate of ECL was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 at 12-months postoperatively (P = 0.03), although the difference was small from a clinical point of view. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the graft rejection rate.
Conclusions: Therapeutic PKP results were comparable to optical PKP with respect to graft viability, the rate of ECL, and the rate of graft rejection 1 year after grafting.
How to cite this article: Shams A, Abdelmoneim Gaafar A, Elkitkat RS, Omar Yousif M. Endothelial cell loss rate after penetrating keratoplasty: Optical versus therapeutic grafts. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2021 Summer; 10(2): 74-79. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1424
PENDEKATAN TEBAR PESONA TIM OLIMPIADE SAINS DI SMAN TITIAN TERAS HAS
Authors: Burhani Burhani 
Published: August 2021

Komunitas siswa berprestasi yang tergabung dalam unit ekstrakurikuler Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) di sekolah, memiliki banyak keunikan. Karakteristik mereka yang beragam, membuat sang pembina harus memiliki banyak keterampilan dan keahlian dalam melakukan pendekatan. Setelah berkecimpung sangat lama, yang dimulai sejak tahun 2004, berbagai formulasi dilakukan, sampai akhirnya dirumuskan menjadi sebuah pola terstruktur. Pendekatan yang diberikan kepada mereka, tidak bisa diseragamkan seperti peran seorang guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Fenomena ini terus diamati sebagai pembina dan pelatih. Kesalahan kecil yang dilakukan, baik oleh pembina maupun siswa, akan turut andil dalam kegagalan pencapaian tujuan pembinaan. Akhirnya ditemukan sebuah pola pembinaan dan pendekatan kepaa siswa yang tergabung dalam unit Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) di sekolah. Pendekatan tersebut dikenal dengan Tebar Pesona (Teman Baik, Sabar, Perhatian, Serius, Objektif, Normatif dan Apresiatif). Pendekatan yang dilakukan kepada siswa bidang Astronomi dan Kebumian, telah berhasil mengirimkan siswa ke tingkat nasional, serta menjadi sebuah fenomena menarik, karena berhasil secara terus menerus ke tingkat nasional sejak tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2020 padang bidang Astronomi, serta tahun 2011 sampai tahun 2020 pada bidang Kebumian, dengan jumlah 19 orang bidang Astronomi. Sedangkan dan 11 orang bidang kebumian.
PEMBELAJARAN PKN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN APLIKASI QUIZIZZ DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: HASTUTI INDYAH TRI 
Published: August 2021

Pandemi covid 19 memberikan pengaruh yang besar bagi kehidupan manusia, sehingga mengubah gaya hidup dan rutinitas manusia. Hal ini juga mengakibatkan perubahan di dunia pendidikan yang semula kegiatan pembelajaran dengan tatap muka berubah menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh yang sering disebut pembelajaran daring. Untuk mempermudah pembelajaran daring diperlukan media yang membantu pendidik dalam pembelajaran salah satunya menggunakan media aplikasi quizizz yang bernilai edukasi. Apalagi pelajaran PKn oleh sebagian siswa dipandang sebagai pelajaran yang membosankan , maka dengan menggunakan aplikasi quizizz diharapkan siswa tertarik , lebih tertantang dan tidak membosankan lagi. Aplikasi Quizizz merupakan aplikasi bermain yang dapat digunakan dalam pendidikan yang bersifat naratif dan fleksibel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode study pustaka yaitu membaca, menelaah, dan mengkaji buku-buku maupun tulisan yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media aplikasi quizizz sangat efektif digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran PPKn
Mid-Holocene monsoons in South and Southeast Asia: dynamically downscaled simulations and the influence of the Green Sahara
Authors: Huo Yiling , Peltier William Richard , Chandan Deepak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Proxy records suggest that the Northern Hemisphere during the
mid-Holocene (MH), to be assumed herein to correspond to 6000 years ago,
was generally warmer than today during summer and colder in the winter due
to the enhanced seasonal contrast in the amount of solar radiation reaching
the top of the atmosphere. The complex orography of both South and Southeast
Asia (SA and SEA), which includes the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau (TP)
in the north and the Western Ghats mountains along the west coast of India
in the south, renders the regional climate complex and the simulation of the
intensity and spatial variability of the MH summer monsoon technically
challenging. In order to more accurately capture important regional features
of the monsoon system in these regions, we have completed a series of
regional climate simulations using a coupled modeling system to dynamically
downscale MH global simulations. This regional coupled modeling system
consists of the University of Toronto version of the Community Climate
System Model version 4 (UofT-CCSM4), the Weather Research and Forecasting
(WRF) regional climate model, and the 3D Coastal and Regional Ocean Community
model (CROCO). In the global model, we have taken care to incorporate Green
Sahara (GS) boundary conditions in order to compare with standard MH
simulations and to capture interactions between the GS and the monsoon
circulations in India and SEA. Comparison of simulated and reconstructed
climates suggest that the dynamically downscaled simulations produce
significantly more realistic anomalies in the Asian monsoon than the global
climate model, although they both continue to underestimate the inferred
changes in precipitation based upon reconstructions using climate proxy
information. Monsoon precipitation over SA and SEA is also greatly
influenced by the inclusion of a GS, with a large increase particularly
being predicted over northern SA and SEA, and a lengthening of the monsoon
season. Data–model comparisons with downscaled simulations outperform those
with the coarser global model, highlighting the crucial role of downscaling
in paleo data–model comparison.
LOS EFECTOS ECONÓMICOS DE LA PANDEMIA: UN ANÁLISIS AUSTRIACO
Authors: Huerta de Soto Jesús 
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se analizan los efectos económicos de la actual pandemia de Covid-19 desde el punto de vista de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía desde un triple enfoque: 1) la teoría del capital y de la estructura productiva; 2) la teoría de la eficiencia dinámica y la imposibilidad del socialismo; y 3) la teoría monetaria y financiera.
Palabras clave: Pandemia Covid-19, Escuela Austriaca de Economía.
Clasificación JEL: H12, E14, E2, E3, E4, E5.
LA ESCUELA AUSTRIACA Y EL VALUE INVESTING: UNA APROXIMACIÓN
Authors: Yusta Pablo 
Published: August 2021

No es necesario conocer la Escuela Austriaca para hacer Value Investing, ni es necesario conocer el Value Investing para saber de Escuela Austriaca; pero es interesante detectar las ventajas cruzadas que aparecen al abordar ambos campos de estudio. Este primer artículo introductorio de la trilogía quedará dividido en tres partes: (1) definición de los dos conceptos y comparación con sus análogos mainstream, (2) resumen de las similitudes y compatibilidades entre ambos conceptos, (3) análisis de las discrepancias e incompatibilidades puestas de manifiesto en el debate académico actual sobre su nivel de coincidencia.
Palabras clave: Escuela Austriaca, Value Investing.
Clasificación JEL: B13, B25, B53, E14, G11, G32.
Application of the sensory evaluation method when using the accelerated storage technique
Authors: Юрова Елена Анатольевна , Кобзева Татьяна Викторовна 
Published: August 2021

Основной задачей для обеспечения качества функциональных продуктов длительного хранения является наличие методов оценки срока годности, применение которых позволит оценить не только качество продукта, но и его функциональные свойства на протяжении всего срока годности продукта. В настоящее время установлена возможность разработки методики ускоренного хранения для функциональных продуктов на молочной основе длительного хранения с применением метода ASLT и математического моделирования, исходя из имеющихся наработанных статистических данных по показателям окислительной порчи, содержанию свободных аминокислот и параметрам оценки продуктов гидролиза белка. В данной работе приведена оценка роли органолептического анализа при подтверждении срока годности продукции, рассмотрены основные процессы, влияющие на изменение органолептических характеристик при хранении. По результатам выполненной работы даны рекомендации по использованию метода органолептической оценки применительно к функциональным продуктам на молочной основе при использовании методики ускоренного хранения.
The main task for ensuring the quality of functional shelf-stable products is the availability of methods for assessing the shelf life, the use of which will allow not only assessing the quality of the product, but also its functional properties throughout the entire shelf life of the product. Currently, the possibility of developing a method of accelerated storage for functional milk-based products for long-term storage using the ASLT method and mathematical modeling has been established, based on the available accumulated statistical data on indicators of oxidative spoilage, the content of free amino acids and parameters for evaluating protein hydrolysis products. This work evaluates the role of organoleptic analysis in confirming the shelf life of products, considers the main processes that affect the change in organoleptic characteristics during storage. Based on the results of the work performed, recommendations were given on the use of the method of organoleptic assessment in relation to functional milk-based products when using the accelerated storage method.
The choice of surfactants for the hydrolysis of protein-fat deposits in the production of functional milk-based products
Authors: Кузина Жанна Ивановна , Маневич Борис Владиленович 
Published: August 2021

В статье представлены результаты экспериментов, согласно которым общепринятые концентрации 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 % рабочих щелочных растворов характеризуются более высоким поверхностным натяжением, чем вода. Введение комплексоната в растворы щелочных электролитов практически не влияет на эти показатели. При этом достигается степень удаления отложений с контактной поверхности на 14-17 % в зависимости от концентрации гидроксида щелочного металла. По результатам определения поверхностного натяжения и эмульгирующей способности различных видов поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) выявлены наиболее рациональные из них. Для удаления отложений с преимущественным содержанием белковой фракции и функциональных добавок акцент следует направить на применение неионогенных ПАВ с наименьшим показателем поверхностного натяжения при концентрациях щелочной основы 1,7-2,5 %. При наличии значительных отложений жировой фракции и функциональных добавок необходимо использовать анионные ПАВ в смеси с диспергаторами, снижающими пенообразующую способность моющих растворов. Концентрация щелочных компонентов в процессе мойки может варьировать в пределах 0,5-1,2 %.
The article presents the results of experiments, according to which the generally accepted concentrations 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 % of working alkaline solutions are characterized by a higher surface tension than water. The introduction of a complexonate into solutions of alkaline electrolytes has practically no effect on these indicators. In this case, the degree of removal of deposits from the contact surface is achieved by 14-17 %, depending on the concentration of alkali metal hydroxide. Based on the results of determining the surface tension and emulsifying abilities of various types of surfactants, the most rational of them were identified. To remove deposits with a predominant content of the protein fraction and functional additives, the emphasis should be on the use of nonionic surfactants with the lowest surface tension at alkaline base concentrations 1.7-2.5 %. In the presence of significant deposits of the fat fraction and functional additives, it is necessary to use anionic surfactants in a mixture with special dispersants that reduce the foaming ability of washing solutions. The concentration of alkaline components in the washing process can vary within 0.5-1.2 %.
Effect of the duration of storage of a fermented milk product with an increased relative biological value on the antioxidant activity
Authors: Зобкова Зинаида Семеновна , Лазарева Екатерина Германовна 
Published: August 2021

Цель данной работы - определить закономерности изменения антиоксидантных свойств обогащенного кисломолочного продукта с повышенной относительной биологической ценностью в процессе хранения. На данном этапе исследования основной задачей являлось определение антирадикальной активности (APA) продукта при хранении в начале и в конце срока годности с учетом коэффициента запаса (1-30-е сут). Кроме того, для выявления влияния термообработки на APA экстракта косточек винограда Vitis Vinifera L. , являющихся обогащающим ингредиентом, при выработке опытных образцов экстракт вносили до и после пастеризации. Полученные данные показали, что продолжительность хранения оказывает значимое влияние на антирадикальную активность продукта, так как она к 30-м суткам снижалась на 30,7-34,2 %. При этом влияние термообработки на АРА вносимого экстракта косточек винограда незначительно.
The purpose of this work is to determine the patterns of changes in the antioxidant properties of an enriched fermented milk product with an increased relative biological value during storage. At this stage of the study, the main task was to determine the anti-radical activity (ARA) of the product during storage at the beginning and at the end of the shelf life, taking into account the reserve factor (1-30 days). In addition, to identify the effect of heat treatment on the ARA of grape seed extract Vitis Vinifera L. , which is an enriching ingredient, the extract was added before and after pasteurization during the development of prototypes. The obtained data showed that the duration of storage has a significant effect on the anti-radical activity of the product, since it decreased by 30.7-34.2% by the 30th day, while the effect of heat treatment on the ARA properties of the introduced grape seed extract is insignificant.
Development of methodical approaches to assessing the formation of rennet-induced milk gels using the method of rotational viscometry
Authors: Кручинин Александр Геннадьевич , Юрова Елена Анатольевна , Туровская Светлана Николаевна , Илларионова Елена Евгеньевна 
Published: August 2021

Формирование структуры сычужно-индуцированных молочных гелей, имеющее первостепенное значение в производстве целого ряда продуктов, наиболее объективно может быть охарактеризовано исключительно посредством инструментального измерения реологических параметров. В статье представлены результаты эксперимента по определению способности молочных систем с различной концентрацией сухих веществ к сычужному свертыванию с использованием ротационной вискозиметрии. Метод базируется на анализе изменений динамических показателей вязкости в процессе коагуляции молока, а также его УФ- и НФ-ретентатов с использованием вискозиметра Brookfield с последующей сравнительной графической оценкой кинетики гелеобразования и пиковой вязкости образующихся сгустков. Полученные данные подтвердили эффективность предлагаемых методических подходов для сравнительной оценки способности к сычужной коагуляции молока и его концентратов, полученных разными способами баромембранной обработки, и выявили перспективные направления исследований по изучению активности и дозировок молокосвертывающих препаратов, а также по выбору оптимальных температурно-временных режимов сычужной коагуляции молочных систем с прогнозированием их структурно-механических параметров.
Rennet-induced milk gels are crucial for the production of a number of products. The formation of their structure can be objectively characterized only with the use of instrumental measurements of rheological parameters. The article presents the results of the experiment on determining the ability of milk systems with different dry substances concentration to rennet clot using rotational viscometry. This method is based on the analysis of changes in the dynamic viscosity indicators during the milk coagulation and its UV and NF retentates, followed by a comparative graphical assessment of the gelation kinetics and maximum clots viscosity. In our experiment, we used Brookfield viscometer. The presented data confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodological approaches for the comparative assessment of the ability to rennet coagulation of milk and its concentrates obtained by different methods of baromembrane treatment. A great prospect has been obtained in studies on the study of the activity and doses of milk-clotting enzymes and, the selection of the optimal temperature-time regimes of rennet clotting of milk systems with the prediction of their structural and mechanical parameters.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL NUTRITION ORGANIZATIONS IN TUBERCULOSIS INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Есекенов Д.К. , Рахимова А.К. 
Published: August 2021

Научно обоснованная структура здорового питания, ориентированная на регуляцию метаболических процесов и улучшение иммунной устойчивости организма, позитивно повлияет на результативность специализированной медпомощи, улучшит механизмы регенерации и ускорит воссоздание разрушенных структур и функций организма. Схема действия диеты для больных туберкулезом была внедрена в 1940-х годах и не была изменена последними исследовательскими и техническими достижениями в сфере питания и гастроэнтерологии. Таким образом, нет никаких сомнений в том, что улучшение пищевых привычек для улучшения здоровья этой группы пациентов рассматривается как многообещающий способ улучшения эффективности лечения ТБ, что делает вышеуказанное исследование важным. В документе будет проанализирована текущая гигиеническая эффективность здорового питания в противотуберкулезных учреждениях и даны рекомендации по повышению стандартов гигиены пищевых продуктов. Это также определяет важность правильного питания при лечении туберкулеза.
A scientifically-based system of therapeutic nutrition aimed at normalizing metabolic processes and increasing the body's immunoresistance will positively affect the effectiveness of specialized medical care, enhance reparative processes and accelerate the recovery of damaged structures and functions of the body. The current standard of food ration for tuberculosis patients was developed in the 40s of the last century and was not adjusted in accordance with the latest scientific achievements of dietetics and gastroenterology. Therefore, there is no doubt that improving the system of medical nutrition for this category of patients is a promising direction for improving the effectiveness of treatment of tuberculosis, which determines the relevance of this study. This paper will consider the current hygienic indicators of the organization of medical nutrition in TB institutions and recommendations for improving the hygienic standards of nutrition. In addition, the importance of proper nutrition in treatment against tuberculosis will be revealed.