bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical methodology for thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of tyre inner chamber: towards real time applications
Authors: Teodosio Luigi , Alferi Giuseppe , Genovese Andrea , Farroni Flavio , Mele Benedetto , Timpone Francesco , Sakhnevych Aleksandr 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe characterization and reproduction of tyre behaviour for vehicle modelling is a topic of particular interest both for real-time driver in the loop simulations and for offline performance optimization algorithms. Since the accuracy of the tyre forces and moments can be achieved by the accurate physical modelling of all the phenomena concerning the tyre-road interaction, the link between the tyre thermal state and the tyre frictional performance turns into a crucial factor. An integrated numerical methodology, allowing to couple the full 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) flux within the internal chamber of the tyre with an equivalent discrete 3D structure model, is proposed with the aim to completely represent the tyre thermodynamic convective behaviour in the steady-state operating conditions. 3D CFD model enables the evaluation of the internal distribution of the gas temperature and of the thermal powers exchanged at each sub-wall in detail. This allows to increase the reliability of the tyre thermodynamic modelling with a particular reference to the proper managing of the aero-thermal flow of the brake disc impact on the rim temperature and therefore on the internal gas dynamics in terms of temperature and pressure, being able to optimize the tyre overall dynamic performance in both warm-up and stabilized thermal conditions. The steady RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes) simulations have been performed employing the 3D CFD model in a wide range of angular velocities with the aim to calculate the convective thermal flux distributions upon rim and inner liner surfaces. The simulation results have been then exploited to derive the convective heat transfer coefficients per each sub domain to be employed within the real-time tyre physical thermal model, with the peculiar advantage of an enhanced model reliability for thermal characteristics. To validate the proposed methodology, the tyre thermal model outputs, in terms of temperatures of internal and external layers, have been validated towards the acquired ones within the specific routine performed on tyre force and moment test bench, confirming an excellent agreement with the experimental data in the entire range of operating conditions explored.
A Distributional Analysis of Uni-and Multidimensional Poverty and Inequalities in Ethiopia
Authors: Bersisa Mekonnen , Heshmati Almas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes uni-and multidimensional poverty and inequalities in rural and small towns in Ethiopia. Unlike the unidimensional measure, the multidimensional measure of poverty shows all the channels through which poverty may manifest itself; it also shows the extent of deprivation. The analysis uses 6 dimensions with 14 indicators to construct a multidimensional index of poverty and inequalities using Ethiopian Households’ Socioeconomic Survey dataset. The study also uses multiple correspondence analyses for determining relative weights in computing a multidimensional index and conducts a stochastic dominance analysis of distribution of poverty for different population segments. The paper sheds light on the degree of inequalities in consumption expenditure and multidimensional deprivations. In addition, it also compares the degree of poverty using the conventional measure of poverty and the multidimensional approach. It also examines the determinants of household poverty status using both unidimensional and multidimensional measures using the logit model. The results show that the intensity, severity, and depth of poverty varies substantially across the 2 measures. The unidimensional measure of poverty shows that 36 percent of the households were poor as compared to 46 percent multidimensionally poor households. Moreover, demographic, regional, and household heads’ characteristics also affect households’ poverty status.
Relationship Between Early Functional and Structural Brain Developments and Brain Injury in Preterm Infants
Authors: De Wel O. , Van Huffel S. , Lavanga M. , Jansen K. , Dereymaeker A. , Dudink J. , Gui L. , Hüppi P. S. , de Vries L. S. , Naulaers G. , Benders M. J. N. L. , Tataranno M. L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies explored the relationship between early brain function and brain morphology, based on the hypothesis that increased brain activity can positively affect structural brain development and that excitatory neuronal activity stimulates myelination.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between maturational features from early and serial aEEGs after premature birth and MRI metrics characterizing structural brain development and injury, measured around 30weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and at term. Moreover, we aimed to verify whether previously developed maturational EEG features are related with PMA.Design/MethodsOne hundred six extremely preterm infants received bedside aEEGs during the first 72h and weekly until week 5. 3T-MRIs were performed at 30weeks PMA and at term. Specific features were extracted to assess EEG maturation: (1) the spectral content, (2) the continuity [percentage of spontaneous activity transients (SAT%) and the interburst interval (IBI)], and (3) the complexity. Automatic MRI segmentation to assess volumes and MRI score was performed. The relationship between the maturational EEG features and MRI measures was investigated.ResultsBoth SAT% and EEG complexity were correlated with PMA. IBI was inversely associated with PMA. Complexity features had a positive correlation with the cerebellar size at 30weeks, while event-based measures were related to the cerebellar size at term. Cerebellar width, cortical grey matter, and total brain volume at term were inversely correlated with the relative power in the higher frequency bands.ConclusionsThe continuity and complexity of the EEG steadily increase with increasing postnatal age. Increasing complexity and event-based features are associated with cerebellar size, a structure with enormous development during preterm life. Brain activity is important for later structural brain development.
Energy analysis of the performance of a hybrid solar still composed of a parabolic concentrator with PV generator
Authors: Mandi Benaissa , Menni Younes , Ameur Houari 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid system with the addition of a greenhouse solar still is proposed to improve the efficiency, performance, and productivity of solar still. The energy analysis is performed with the help of a computer program using a set of typical design and operating parameters. The result showed that the hybrid still coupled with a PCC (parabolic cylindrical concentrator) can produce 110 l/m2 per day. The temperatures of the basin and water of the hybrid still with PCC are 140 and 100 °C, respectively. The causes are the several sources of temperatures are added together in a single system. The obtained values of efficiency, production, and performance are 160%, 100 l/m2, and 2, respectively. The results show also that the temperature and production in the month of January are 70 °C and 50 l/m2 per day, respectively, despite the negative influence of meteorological parameters. The performance of the suggested hybrid still is found to be higher than that of the single still without a concentrator.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of preeclamptic and normotensive women who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abate Semagn Mekonnen , Anbese Getachew Mergia , Basu Bivash 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
preeclampsia is very challenging for anesthetists due to the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of the disease characterized by hypertension, risk of hypotension, high risk of aspiration, and difficult airway. Therefore, the Meta-Analysis is intended to provide evidence on maternal and neonatal outcomes of preeclamptic parturient.

Methods:
A comprehensive strategy was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Cochrane from January 2000 to May 2020 without language restriction. The Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked with forest plot and I2 test. Observational and experimental studies reporting maternal and neonatal outcomes among preeclamptic and normotensive women were included.

Results:
The Meta-Analysis revealed that pooled incidence of hypotension was reduced by thirty-eight percent in preeclamptic as compared to normotensive parturient, RR = 0.62(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52 to 0.75).

Conclusion:
The Meta-Analysis revealed that the incidence of hypotension was lower in preeclamptic women when compared to normotensive women. The included studies were low to a very low quality of evidence which entails further randomized controlled trials.

Registration:
This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in research Registry (UIN of reviewregistry1068).
The Tragedy of King Lear
Authors: Shakespeare William , Potter Lois 
Published: February 2021

For this updated critical edition of King Lear, Lois Potter has written a completely new introduction, taking account of recent productions and reinterpretations of the play, with particular emphasis on its afterlife in global performance and adaptation. The edition retains the Textual Analysis of the previous editor, Jay L. Halio, shortened and with a new preface by Brian Gibbons. Professor Halio, accepting that we have two versions of equal authority, the one derived from Shakespeare's rough drafts, the other from a manuscript used in the playhouses during the seventeenth century, chooses the Folio as the text for this edition. He explains the differences between the two versions and alerts the reader to the rival claims of the quarto by means of a sampling of parallel passages in the Introduction and by an appendix which contains annotated passages unique to the quarto.
Childhood poverty and psychological well-being: The mediating role of cumulative risk exposure
Authors: Evans Gary W. , De France Kalee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study assessed whether the proportion of childhood (age 0–9 years) in poverty altered the developmental trajectories (ages 9–24) of multimethodological indicators of psychological well-being. In addition, we tested whether exposure to cumulative risk over time mediated the association between poverty exposure and psychological well-being. Measures of psychological well-being included internalizing and externalizing symptoms, a behavioral index of learned helplessness (task persistence), and chronic physiological stress (allostatic load). Exposure to poverty during childhood predicted the trajectory of each development outcome: individuals with more poverty exposure during childhood showed (a) relatively high levels of internalizing symptoms that diminished more slowly with maturation, (b) relatively high levels of externalizing symptoms that increased faster over time, (c) less task persistence indicative of greater learned helplessness, and (d) higher levels of chronic physiological stress which increased faster over time relative to persons with less childhood poverty exposure. Trajectories of cumulative risk exposure from physical and psychosocial surroundings from 9–24 years accounted for the association between childhood poverty and the growth curves of internalizing and externalizing symptoms but not for learned helplessness or chronic physiological stress. Additional sensitivity analyses indicate that early childhood disadvantage is particularly problematic for each outcome, except for internalizing symptoms which seem sensitive to the combination of early and lifetime poverty exposure. We also explored whether domains of cumulative risk as well as two alternatives, maternal sensitivity or family cohesion, functioned as mediators. Little evidence emerged for any of these alternative mediating constructs.
Regulation of seed germination by diurnally alternating temperatures in disturbance-adapted banana crop wild relatives (Musa acuminata)
Authors: Kallow Simon , Davies Rachael , Panis Bart , Janssens Steven B. , Vandelook Filip , Mertens Arne , Swennen Rony , Tahir Maimun Binti , Dickie John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeed conservation of banana crop wild relatives (Musa L. spp.) is limited because of lack of knowledge about their germination ecology. Musa acuminata Colla, the most important banana crop wild relative, is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asian and Pacific rainforests and colonizes disturbed sites. The role of temperature in stimulating/inhibiting germination to detect disturbance when canopy gaps are formed is not well known. We assessed seed germination thermal requirements of three subspecies of M. acuminata using nine seed accessions which had been stored in the Millennium Seed Bank. Diurnally alternating temperature cycles were almost completely essential for germination compared with constant temperatures. Germination was optimal when the upper temperature of a diurnal cycle was at 35°C; the lower temperature of the cycle was less important. Subspecies occurrence coordinates were used to extract climate temperature data which were then compared against the temperature requirements for germination from our experiment results. Maximum temperatures of the warmest month across subspecies ranges were close to but below optimal germination temperatures, as were diurnal ranges, suggesting soil-warming at the micro-climate level following gap creation is important for M. acuminata seed germination. Additionally, pre-treatment for 3 months at 60% relative humidity at constant 25°C improved germination from 14 ± 10 (mean, standard deviation) to 41 ± 29% suggesting a period in the soil seed bank under the canopy may increase sensitivity to alternating temperature cycles. Overall viability was low (49 ± 28%), and considerable variance was caused by the different accessions. Germination remained somewhat inconsistent.
Low adherence to CKD-specific dietary recommendations associates with impaired kidney function, dyslipidemia, and inflammation
Authors: Kaesler Nadine , Baid-Agrawal Seema , Grams Sabine , Nadal Jennifer , Schmid Matthias , Schneider Markus P. , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Floege Jürgen , Bergmann Manuela M. , Schlieper Georg , Saritas Turgay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
A diet following chronic kidney disease (CKD)-specific recommendations is considered essential for optimal management of patients with CKD. However, data on the adherence to these recommendations and its implications for health-relevant biomarkers are lacking. The objectives were to estimate adherence to CKD-specific dietary recommendations, to identify characteristics and lifestyle variables associated with poor adherence, and to investigate the relationship of adherence with biomarkers.

Methods
In this cross-sectional analysis, average dietary intake was estimated in 3193 participants with moderately severe CKD enrolled into the observational multicenter German CKD study using a food frequency questionnaire. A CKD diet score was developed to assess adherence to CKD-specific dietary recommendations based on intake of sodium, potassium, fiber, protein, sugar, and cholesterol. The associations of dietary adherence with characteristics, lifestyle variables, and biomarker levels were determined.

Results
Logistic regression analysis revealed younger age, higher body mass index, male gender, lower educational attainment, various lifestyle variables (cigarette smoking, infrequent alcohol consumption, low physical activity), and lower estimated glomerular filtrate rate associated with lower adherence to dietary recommendations. Low adherence to dietary recommendations was further associated with dyslipidemia, higher uric acid, and C-reactive protein levels. Associations between low dietary adherence and biomarkers were mostly driven by low intake of fiber and potassium, and high intake of sugar and cholesterol.

Conclusions
This study revealed differential characteristics and biomarkers associated with lower adherence to CKD-specific dietary recommendations. Promotion of CKD-specific dietary recommendations may help to mitigate the adverse prognosis in CKD patients.
An effective strategy for development of docetaxel encapsulated gold nanoformulations for treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Thambiraj S. , Vijayalakshmi R. , Ravi Shankaran D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanoformulation based drug delivery is one of the most important research areas in the field of nanomedicine, which provides promising alternatives to the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Nano drug delivery enables improved pharmacokinetic profile, bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency compared to the regular chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, we have established a simple method for the synthesis of docetaxel (Dtx) encapsulated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for targeted drug delivery to prostate cancer. AuNPs were synthesized by the citrate ion reduction method followed by functionalization with thiol-PEG-amine (SH-PEG-NH2). SH-PEG-NH2 functionalized AuNPs were conjugated with the targeting vehicle, folic acid (FA). The anticancer drug, Dtx was encapsulated within AuNPs by the non-covalent linkage method. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanoformulations were extensively characterized by various spectral and microscopic studies. HR-TEM indicates the average size of the AuNPs is 16 nm and the nanoformulations is 18 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the Dtx is ~ 96% which is confirmed by the elemental mapping analysis. The in vitro drug release profile of Dtx and AuNPs nanoformulations were studied by the dialysis membrane method. The anticancer activity of docetaxel encapsulated AuNPs were evaluated with prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The drug encapsulated nanoformulations reduced the cell viability to about 40% (40 µM concentration at 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment). The optical microscopy observation reveals that the damage of prostate cancer cells after exposure to Dtx encapsulated AuNPs. The good cytotoxic activity of the present nanoformulation against prostate cancer cell lines enables its application for targeted drug delivery to prostate cancer.
Unusual piezochromic fluorescence of a distyrylpyrazine derivative crystals: phase transition through [2 + 2] photocycloaddition under UV irradiation
Authors: Jin Young-Jae , Park Hyosang , Moon Byung-Chun , Kim Jae Hong , Lee Wang-Eun , Lee Chang-Lyoul , Kwak Giseop 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe piezochromic fluorescence (FL) of a distyrylpyrazine derivative, 2,3-diisocyano-5,6-distyrylpyrazine (DSP), was investigated in this study. Depending on the recrystallization method, DSP afforded two different crystals with green and orange FL emission. The orange color FL emission crystal (O-form) was easily converted to the green color FL emission one (G-form) by manual grinding. The G-form was also converted to a slightly different orange color FL emission crystal (RO-form) by a weak UV irradiation. When the RO-form was ground again, the G-form was regenerated. The FL colors changed between the G- and RO-forms over several ten times by repeated mechanical grinding and UV irradiation. The FL, UV–visible, 1H-NMR and XRD results showed that the O (or RO)-to-G transformation induced by mechanical stress results from the change of degree of molecular stacking from dense molecular stacking structure to relatively loose molecular stacking structure, whereas the G-to-RO reconversion by UV irradiation results from return to dense molecular stacking structure again due to lattice movement (lattice slipping) allowed by photocycloaddition in solid-state.
Effect of main family caregiver’s anxiety and depression on mortality of patients with moderate-severe stroke
Authors: Zhao Jianting , Zeng Zhilei , Yu Jianping , Xu Jianhua , Chen Ping , Chen Yujun , Li Jing , Ma Yulong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnxiety and depression are common mental illness in stroke caregivers, resulting in significant stress to the emotion health of caregivers. Caregivers’ emotion can seriously affect the recovery rate of stroke patient, therefore, how to control and affect the caregivers’ anxiety and depression is of great importance. Here three multiple centers observation and validation study were performed to screen out the risk factors for development of anxiety and depression in main family caregiver, and the effect of anxiety and depression of family caregivers on 6-month mortality of patients with moderate-severe stroke. The severity of the stroke, the duration of care time and the medical payment associated with increased risk of anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression of main family caregivers are associated with increased risk 6-month mortality of patients with moderate-severe stroke. Therefore, the support provided to the family caregivers might have positive effect on prognosis of the patients with stroke.
A metabolomic approach to target antimalarial metabolites in the Artemisia annua fungal endophytes
Authors: Alhadrami Hani A. , Sayed Ahmed M. , El-Gendy Ahmed O. , Shamikh Yara I. , Gaber Yasser , Bakeer Walid , Sheirf Noheir H. , Attia Eman Z. , Shaban Gehan M. , Khalifa Basma A. , Ngwa Che J. , Pradel Gabriele , Rateb Mostafa E. , Hassan Hossam M. , Alkhalifah Dalal H. M. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Hozzein Wael N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFungal endophytes are a major source of anti-infective agents and other medically relevant compounds. However, their classical blinded-chemical investigation is a challenging process due to their highly complex chemical makeup. Thus, utilizing cheminformatics tools such as metabolomics and computer-aided modelling is of great help deal with such complexity and select the most probable bioactive candidates. In the present study, we have explored the fungal endophytes associated with the well-known antimalarial medicinal plant Artemisia annua for their production of further antimalarial agents. Based on the preliminary antimalarial screening of these endophytes and using LC-HRMS-based metabolomics and multivariate analyses, we suggested different potentially active metabolites (compounds 1–8). Further in silico investigation using the neural-network-based prediction software PASS led to the selection of a group of quinone derivatives (compounds 1–5) as the most possible active hits. Subsequent in vitro validation revealed emodin (1) and physcion (2) to be potent antimalarial candidates with IC50 values of 0.9 and 1.9 µM, respectively. Our approach in the present investigation therefore can be applied as a preliminary evaluation step in the natural products drug discovery, which in turn can facilitate the isolation of selected metabolites notably the biologically active ones.