bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Organic LEDs for Bidirectional Optogenetic Control via Dual‐Color Switching
Authors: Ciccone Giuseppe , Meloni Ilenia , Fernandez Lahore Rodrigo G. , Vierock Johannes , Reineke Sebastian , Kleemann Hans , Hegemann Peter , Leo Karl , Murawski Caroline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRevealing the intricate logic of neuronal circuits and its connection to the physiopathology of living systems constitutes a fundamental question in neuroscience. Optogenetics offers the possibility to use light of specific wavelengths to study the activity of neurons with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. To make use of this technique at its full potential, bidirectional proteins may be expressed across the neuronal membrane to provoke both enhancement and inhibition of neuronal activity depending on the excitation wavelength. This generates the demand for light sources with high spatial precision, high operation speed, and multi‐color emission from the same location. To meet these requirements, the design, realization, and characterization of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are presented with switchable bicolor emission, exhibiting high irradiance and good efficiency. The OLEDs can switch between blue and red/green light upon changing the voltage polarity, triggering both optogenetic inhibition and excitation in ND7/23 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae expressing bidirectional optogenetic proteins. This work shows the potential of engineering OLEDs to enable multicolor optogenetics with a single, organic device, and provides a new avenue towards bicolor optical brain stimulation in vivo.
Light‐Controlled Nucleation and Shaping of Self‐Assembling Nanocomposites
Authors: Bistervels Marloes H. , Kamp Marko , Schoenmaker Hinco , Brouwer Albert M. , Noorduin Willem L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractControlling self‐assembly of nanocomposites is a fundamental challenge with exciting implications for next‐generation advanced functional materials. Precursors for composites can be generated photochemically, but limited insight in the underlying processes has hindered precise hands‐on guidance. In this study, light‐controlled nucleation and growth is demonstrated for self‐assembling composites according to precise user‐defined designs. Carbonate is generated photochemically with UV light to steer the precipitation of nanocomposites of barium carbonate nanocrystals and amorphous silica (BaCO3/SiO2). Using a custom‐built optical setup, the self‐assembly process is controlled by optimizing the photogeneration, diffusion, reaction, and precipitation of the carbonate species, using the radius and intensity of the UV‐light irradiated area and reaction temperature. Exploiting this control, nucleation is induced and the contours and individual features of the growing composite are sculpted according to micrometer‐defined light patterns. Moreover, moving light patterns are exploited to create a constant carbonate concentration at the growth front to draw lines of nanocomposites with constant width over millimeters with micrometer precision. Light‐directed generation of local gradients opens previously unimaginable opportunities for guiding self‐assembly into functional materials.
Calcium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination‐Deacylation Reaction of in situ formed β‐Amino Allenes
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Latha Dandugula Sneha , Rajesh Pallava 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have developed a simple, One‐Pot, three‐component reaction of tert‐propargyl alcohols, primary amines and acyl ketones to synthesize fully substituted pyrroles and pyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields with large substrate diversity. An eco‐friendly calcium catalyst catalyzes the reaction to form the key intermediate β‐amino allene that undergoes subsequent Thorpe‐Ingold effect assisted hydroamination and aromaticity driven deacylation reaction to yield fully substituted five and six‐membered azacyclic compounds.magnified image
Dynamic modeling and model predictive control of a continuous pulp digester
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xie Junyao , Dubljevic Stevan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work explores the design of a model predictive controller of the continuous pulp digester process consisting of the co‐current zone and counter‐current zone modeled by a set of nonlinear coupled hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). The distributed parameter system of interest is not spectral, and slow–fast dynamic separation does not hold. To address this challenge, the nonlinear continuous‐time model is linearized and discretized in time utilizing the Cayley–Tustin discretization framework, which ensures system theoretic properties and structure preservation without spatial discretization or model reduction. The discrete model is used in the full state model predictive controller design, which is augmented by the Luenberger observer design to achieve the output constrained regulation. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed controller designs.
An ACVR1R375P pathogenic variant in two families with mild fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: Kaplan Frederick S. , Groppe Jay C. , Xu Meiqi , Towler O. Will , Grunvald Eduardo , Kalunian Kenneth , Kallish Staci , Al Mukaddam Mona , Pignolo Robert J. , Shore Eileen M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic variants are vital in informing clinical phenotypes, aiding physical diagnosis, guiding genetic counseling, understanding the molecular basis of disease, and potentially stimulating drug development. Here we describe two families with an ultrarare ACVR1 gain‐of‐function pathogenic variant (codon 375, Arginine > Proline; ACVR1R375P) responsible for a mild nonclassic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) phenotype. Both families include people with the ultrarare ACVR1R375P variant who exhibit features of FOP while other individuals currently do not express any clinical signs of FOP. Thus, the mild ACVR1R375P variant greatly expands the scope and understanding of this rare disorder.
Dental caries in wild primates: Interproximal cavities on anterior teeth
Authors: Towle Ian , Irish Joel D. , Sabbi Kris H. , Loch Carolina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDental caries has been reported in a variety of primates, although it is still considered rare in wild populations. In this study, 11 catarrhine primate taxa (n = 339 individuals; 7946 teeth) were studied for the presence of caries. A differential diagnosis of lesions in interproximal regions of anterior teeth was undertaken, since they had been previously described as both carious and non‐carious in origin. Each permanent tooth was examined macroscopically, with severity and position of lesions recorded. Two specimens were examined further, using micro‐CT scans to assess demineralization. Differential diagnosis confirmed the cariogenic nature of interproximal cavities on anterior teeth (ICATs). Overall results show 3.3% of all teeth (i.e., anterior and posterior teeth combined) were carious (n = 262), with prevalence varying among species from 0% to >7% of teeth affected. Those with the highest prevalence of ICATs include Pan troglodytes verus (9.8% of anterior teeth), Gorilla gorilla gorilla (2.6%), Cercopithecus denti (22.4%), Presbytis femoralis (19.5%), and Cercopithecus mitis (18.3%). ICATs make up 87.9% of carious lesions on anterior teeth. These results likely reflect dietary and food processing differences among species, but also between the sexes (e.g., 9.3% of all female P. troglodytes verus teeth were carious vs. 1.8% in males). Processing cariogenic fruits and seeds with the anterior dentition (e.g., wadging) likely contributes to ICAT formation. Further research is needed in living primate populations to ascertain behavioral/dietary influences on caries occurrence. Given the presence of ICATs in frugivorous primates, their diagnosis in archaeological and paleontological specimens may shed light on diet and food processing behaviors in fossil primates.
Abandonment of the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee during the Mississippian period: Temporal and sex differences in survivorship
Authors: Fojas Christina L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe current research explores survivorship differences in the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee during the Mississippian period (ca. 1000–1500 AD). Using updated paleodemographic methods, this study investigates whether individuals from the Late Mississippian period had lower survivorship compared to individuals from the Early Mississippian period, foreshadowing groups on the brink of abandonment. Additionally, this study examines whether there were sex disparities in survivorship.Materials and MethodsAdult age‐at‐death estimates from human skeletal remains (n = 545) were calculated using Transition Analysis, a Bayesian maximum likelihood method. Survivorship was reconstructed using Gompertz and Gompertz‐Makeham hazards models, with Akaike Information Criterion compared to determine the best fitting model.ResultsFor individuals surviving into adulthood, mean age‐at‐death decreased by 7 years from the Early Mississippian to Late Mississippian period. Marked differences between the sexes indicate lower survivorship of females compared to males. Male survivorship decreased sharply from the Early Mississippian to Late Mississippian period, from a mean age‐at‐death of 57.99 years to 44.45 years. Female survivorship remained constant throughout the Mississippian period (41 years).DiscussionTemporal differences in male survivorship may be the result of interactions between climate change, decreased maize harvests, and sociopolitical strife. Sustained maternal mortality may have destabilized small‐scale communities that characterized the Mississippian MCR, thereby precipitating population decline.
The contribution of behavioral features to caregiver burden in FTLD spectrum disorders
Authors: Silverman Hannah E. , Ake Jeannie M. , Manoochehri Masood , Appleby Brian S. , Brushaber Danielle , Devick Katrina L. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Fields Julie A. , Forsberg Leah K. , Ghoshal Nupur , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Grossman Murray , Heuer Hilary W. , Kornak John , Lapid Maria I. , Litvan Irene , Mackenzie Ian R. , Mendez Mario F. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Pascual Belen , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Boeve Bradley F. , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howard J. , Cosentino Stephanie , Huey Edward D. , Barker Megan S. , Goldman Jill S. ,   the ALLFTD consortium
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCaregivers of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum disorders experience tremendous burden, which has been associated with the neuropsychiatric and behavioral features of the disorders.MethodsIn a sample of 558 participants with FTLD spectrum disorders, we performed multiple‐variable regressions to identify the behavioral features that were most strongly associated with caregiver burden, as measured by the Zarit Burden Interview, at each stage of disease.ResultsApathy and disinhibition, as rated by both clinicians and caregivers, as well as clinician‐rated psychosis, showed the strongest associations with caregiver burden, a pattern that was consistent when participants were separated cross‐sectionally by disease stage. In addition, behavioral features appeared to contribute most to caregiver burden in patients with early dementia.DiscussionCaregivers should be provided with early education on the management of the behavioral features of FTLD spectrum disorders. Interventions targeting apathy, disinhibition, and psychosis may be most useful to reduce caregiver burden.
Tau phosphorylation sites serine202 and serine396 are differently altered in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stathas SpiroAnthony , Alvarez Victor E. , Xia Weiming , Nicks Raymond , Meng Gaoyuan , Daley Sarah , Pothast Morgan , Shah Arsal , Kelley Hunter , Esnault Camille , McCormack Robert , Dixon Erin , Fishbein Lucas , Cherry Jonathan D. , Huber Bertrand R. , Tripodis Yorghos , Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , McKee Ann C. , Stein Thor D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI) typically sustained by contact sport athletes. Post‐translation modifications to tau in CTE have not been well delineated or compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe measured phosphorylated tau epitopes within dorsolateral frontal cortex from post mortem brains with neither CTE nor AD (n = 108), CTE (n = 109), AD (n = 223), and both CTE and AD (n = 33).ResultsLevels of hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau)202, p‐tau231, and p‐tau396 were significantly increased in CTE. Total years of RHI exposure was significantly associated with increased p‐tau202 levels (P = .001), but not p‐tau396. Instead, p‐tau396 was most closely related to amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 levels (P < .001). The p‐tau202:p‐tau396 ratio was significantly increased in early and late CTE compared to AD.DiscussionIn frontal cortex, p‐tau202 is the most upregulated p‐tau species in CTE, while p‐tau396 is most increased in AD. p‐tau202 and p‐tau396 measurements may aid in developing biomarkers for disease.
Composite proton conducting membranes from crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan and silica particles containing poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propansulfonic acid)
Authors: Panawong Chonnakarn , Tasarin Sawanya , Saejueng Pranorm , Budsombat Surangkhana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProton conducting membranes based on crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan were fabricated using sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents. A systematic study on the effects of SSA, chitosan, and GA on membrane properties was conducted. The most promising crosslinked membrane was then chosen to form composites with silica particles containing poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS‐Si). Two different sizes of PAMPS‐Si with similar PAMPS contents were synthesized from vinyltrimethoxysilane precursor following the Stöber method. The process was followed by free radical polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propansulfonic acid. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to analyze the sample. The results revealed the successful synthesis of PAMPS‐Si. All prepared composite membranes exhibited comparable water vapor absorption, water uptake, and ion exchange capacities. The addition of PAMPS‐Si enhanced proton conductivity, and the value increased with increasing loading. The size of the PAMPS‐Si particles did not significantly affect the proton conductivity. These composite membranes demonstrated good thermal and oxidative stabilities.
Loss of “insight” into behavioral changes in ALS: Differences across cognitive profiles
Authors: Temp Anna G. M. , Kasper Elisabeth , Vielhaber Stefan , Machts Judith , Hermann Andreas , Teipel Stefan , Prudlo Johannes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveBehavioral impairment occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ALS–fronto‐temporal dementia (ALS‐FTD). It has been proposed that ALS patients without FTD retain an awareness of their behavioral impairment while ALS‐FTD patients lose this awareness (referred to as retention vs. loss of “insight”). Loss of insight has not yet been studied across the entire ALS‐FTD spectrum; our study addresses this gap by including patients with all the ALS cognitive‐behavioral profiles.MethodsEighty‐three ALS patients (and their informants) took part in this bicentric study involving two German recruitment sites. Patients and informants completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale covering the domains of apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunctioning. Patients were classified into five groups according to the Strong and Rascovsky criteria: cognitively unimpaired (ALSni), cognitively impaired without dementia (ALSci), behaviorally impaired (ALSbi), a combination of behaviorally and cognitively impaired (ALScbi), and ALS‐FTD. We applied Bayesian two‐way ANOVA to test whether there were subgroup differences regarding insight into their behavioral decline.ResultsAll patient subgroups experienced behavioral decline (Bayes factor > 3). Only ALS‐FTD patients lost insight into disinhibition and executive dysfunctioning. ALSbi patients exhibited worse insight than ALSni and ALSci patients (Bayes factor > 10). Evidence regarding the ALScbi patients was inconclusive. Higher IQ was associated with worse insight (Bayes factor > 3).ConclusionsOur findings provide solid support for the notion that ALS patients without dementia experience behavioral decline regardless of their cognitive‐behavioral profile and retain different levels of insight into this decline. The inverse association of premorbid verbal intelligence with insight was unexpected, leaving room for further investigation.
Optimized extraction of Pb (II) and Co (II) with glycolamide mono and di‐ionic liquids using response surface methodology
Authors: Mehmood Tahir , Iqbal Mudassir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the extraction of lead (Pb (II)) and cobalt (Co (II)) from waste water through glycolamide based functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) having imidazolium cations mono (LI) and di (LII) ionics. Four factors that influence the selective extraction of Pb (II) and Co (II) including the choice of IL (LI and LII), pH value (2, 6, and 10), contact time (15, 45, and 75 min), and metal ionic concentrations (50, 150, and 250 ppm) were analyzed. Results from central composite design (CCD) show that all considered four factors significantly influenced (p value <0.001) the Pb (II) and Co (II) extraction. Moreover pH values and contact time significantly influences (p value <0.05) the Pb (II) and Co (II) at both levels of ILs. The response surface methodology is used to optimize the extraction efficiency of these ILs. Moreover, the Pb extraction can be optimized to 96.819% by choosing temperate 84.9°C, pH value 4.448, and metal concentration 92.5 ppm. Similarly, Co extraction can be optimized to 95.754% by choosing temperate 68.40°C, pH value 3.768, and metal concentration 34.70 ppm. Moreover, the interaction between ILs and Pb (II) and Co (II) has been proven via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) qualitative analysis.
Bioinspired Artificial Photosynthetic Systems
Authors: Wang Chen , O'Hagan Michael P. , Willner Bilha , Willner Itamar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMimicking photosynthesis using artificial systems, as a means for solar energy conversion and green fuel generation, is one of the holy grails of modern science. This perspective presents recent advances towards developing artificial photosynthetic systems. In one approach, native photosystems are interfaced with electrodes to yield photobioelectrochemical cells that transform light energy into electrical power. This is exemplified by interfacing photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) as an electrically contacted assembly mimicking the native Z‐scheme, and by the assembly of an electrically wired PSI/glucose oxidase biocatalytic conjugate on an electrode support. Illumination of the functionalized electrodes led to light‐induced generation of electrical power, or to the generation of photocurrents using glucose as the fuel. The second approach introduces supramolecular photosensitizer nucleic acid/electron acceptor complexes as functional modules for effective photoinduced electron transfer stimulating the subsequent biocatalyzed generation of NADPH or the Pt‐nanoparticle‐catalyzed evolution of molecular hydrogen. Application of the DNA machineries for scaling‐up the photosystems is demonstrated. A third approach presents the integration of artificial photosynthetic modules into dynamic nucleic acid networks undergoing reversible reconfiguration or dissipative transient operation in the presence of auxiliary triggers. Control over photoinduced electron transfer reactions and photosynthetic transformations by means of the dynamic networks is demonstrated.
Druckluft sicher nutzen
Authors: Lorenz Nadine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMit sicherheitstechnischen Produkten können Risiken durch Druckluft vermieden werden. Der Technische Handel berät, welche Anwendungen Sicherheit für die Mitarbeiter garantierenaller Unfälle bzw. Erkrankungen am Arbeitsplatz verantwortlich: beispielsweise durch platzende und entkoppelte Schläuche, die durch die Luft peitschen, oder durch Blaspistolen, deren Luftstoß die Haut verletzt und mit eingetragenen Partikeln zur Blutvergiftung führen kann.
Impact of calcification modeling to improve image fusion accuracy for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: McLennan Stewart , Soulez Gilles , Mongrain Rosaire , Mohammadi Hossein , Pfister Marcus , Lessard Simon , Jabbour Gilbert , Therasse Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the 1990s, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become a common alternative to open surgery for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). To aid the deployment of stent‐grafts, fluoroscopic image guidance can be enhanced using preoperative simulation and intraoperative image fusion techniques. However, the impact of calcification (Ca) presence on the guidance accuracy of such techniques is yet to be considered. In the present work, we introduce a guidance tool that accounts for patient‐specific Ca presence. Numerical simulations of EVAR were developed for 12 elective AAA patients, both with (With‐Ca) and without (No‐Ca) Ca consideration. To assess the accuracy of the simulations, the image results were overlaid on corresponding intraoperative images and the overlay error was measured at selected anatomical landmarks. With this approach we gained insight into the impact of Ca presence on image fusion accuracy. Inclusion of Ca improved mean image fusion accuracy by 8.68 ± 4.59%. In addition, a positive correlation between the relative Ca presence and the image fusion accuracy was found (R = .753, p < .005). Our results suggest that considering Ca presence in patient‐specific EVAR simulations increases the reliability of EVAR image guidance techniques that utilize numerical simulation, especially for patients with severe aortic Ca presence.
NGOs, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development trajectories in a new reformative spectrum: ‘New wine in old bottles or old wine in new bottles?’
Authors: Esposito Paolo , Antonucci Gianluca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐governmental organisations (NGOs) have the potential to combine social objectives with trading activities, while social reporting represents a tool for disclosing NGOs' peculiarities. Although the number of NGOs adopting social reporting is increasing, research is still lacking on the relationships between firms and NGOs and their impacts at the government level, at which policy makers must both favour social/environmental commitments and ensure that NGOs pursue their core objectives, also when carrying out trading activities. This paper investigates the challenges of policy making in this field by analysing NGOs in Italy, the first country to make social reporting compulsory. We randomly selected 20 social reports from the Italian NGO register to analyse eight components regarding the disclosure of their impact. The results show that a compulsory requirement leads to a paradox, given the trade‐off between stakeholder engagement principles on the one hand and disciplinary power and accounting as action at a distance principles on the other, leading NGOs to account for their output rather than for their impact. We thus contribute to the literature about NGOs and corporate social responsibility (CSR), delineating the relevance of a paradox perspective. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study to apply this perspective to the analysis of CSR and sustainable development trajectories in NGOs.