bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine and ketamine addition to bupivacaine 0.25% by epidural method in reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing femur fracture surgery
Authors: Radbin Taraneh , kamali Alireza , Yazdi Bijan , Pazouki Shirin , Hadi Hoseinali , Rakei Siamak 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim:
One of the most complex medical problems is pain, that due to inappropriate management of patients after surgery could cause various side effects on the psychological, physiological, and metabolic state of the patients. The natural duration of analgesia can be increased by adding new efficient adjuvant. The present study is mainly aimed to investigate the differences between the epidural dexmedetomidine and ketamine effectiveness when administered as an adjuvant to epidural 0.25% bupivacaine for improving the postoperative analgesia duration.

Methods:
In the present double-blind clinical study, 105 patients of the age range of 40–85 years were selected for elective femoral surgery and then was divided into three of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and control randomly. The scores of postoperative pain were evaluated in accordance with the visual Analogue Scale (VAS) criteria and the duration of analgesia and the amount of analgesics consumption were recorded.

Results:
The mean pain VAS score during the first day after the surgery and recovery of patients in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower in comparison with two other groups (p = 0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the mean VAS score of Paine during 12 and 24 hours after the operation (P ≥ 0.05). Comparisons among these groups demonstrated that the mean on opioid administration during the operation and 24 hours after that was significantly higher in both groups of ketamine and control in comparison with the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01). Besides, analgesia duration among patients belonged to the dexmedetomidine group was notably lower in comparison with two other groups (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
In epidural anesthesia cases adding ketamine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to the solution of bupivacaine 0.25%, could increase the duration of analgesia and reduce the consumption of analgesics, which is more in the dexmedetomidine group when compared with ketamine.
An investigation of the effectiveness of oral cyclosporine on perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) in patients who undergo the surgical procedure of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Authors: Hassan Adel Seyed Mohammad , Sheikhi Mohammad Ali , Dorra Marziyeh 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Routine clinical strategies for the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) during the surgical procedure of CABG include cross-clamp fibrillation and cardioplegia have failed to decrease the risk of perioperative myocardial injury (PMI). Cyclosporine-A (CsA) might be able to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and PMI.

Methods:
In the present clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups (Case receive 2.5 mg/kg CsA and Control receive a placebo) randomly. Moreover, patients were controlled by placebo through a double-blind, single-center trial 4-12 h before anesthesia. Perioperative blood tests include bilirubin, complete blood count, the amount of hemoglobin in whole blood, liver transaminases, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood samples were taken before surgery and at 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery and serum Troponin-I and Ck-MB levels were determined in all blood samples using ELISA.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the two groups in the results of routine pre-operative blood results, intraoperative variables, and baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). There are significant correlations between cross clamp time and cTnI and CkMB levels in patients taking CsA. In patients with both diabetes and hypertension, postsurgical cTnI and CkMB levels decrease significantly in CsA compared to placebo group on 24, 48, and 72 h (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with old MI, both postsurgical cTnI and CkMB levels decrease significantly in CsA compared to placebo group on 24 h and 48 h (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
In patients with a long cross-clamping period, using an oral CSA single dose before conducting CABG surgery, the risk of PMI could be decreased. Also, oral CsA has protective effect for CABG in diabetic patients with hypertension.
knowledge, attitude, and practice study on animal bite, rabies, and its prevention in an urban community
Authors: Sivagurunathan Chinnaian , Umadevi Ramachandran , Balaji Arumugam , Rama Ravi , Gopalakrishnan Sekaran 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Rabies is a neglected zoonotic tropical disease that usually affects the poorest communities. Rabies is 100% fatal and at the same time 100% preventable. A huge proportion of death due to rabies occurs in Asia and Africa, and India is reported to have the highest incidence of rabies.

Aims:
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to animal bites, rabies, and its prevention and utilization of health services for this purpose in the study population.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study done in an urban area among the age group 20 and above of both gender to assess and statistically highlight the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to animal bites, rabies, and its prevention and utilization of health services for this purpose in the study population. The sample size was estimated to be 350 and a simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of samples.

Results:
About 76% had heard about rabies. Among them only 63.5% knew it is a fatal disease, only 37.6% knew animals other than dogs can also cause rabies, only 37.3% of the study participants knew about appropriate first aid. Only 37.5% of the animal bite victims washed their wound with soap and running water and 35% had a full course of vaccination. Education had been an important factor that created a significant difference in the knowledge level of the participants.

Conclusions:
Improved community awareness, forestalling animal rabies, and better access to affordable and potent human rabies vaccines are essential for the elimination of human rabies.
Risk factors associated with lower extremity amputation in Sudanese individuals with diabetes
Authors: Elkhider Alaa Tag E. , Almobark Ahmed O. , Badi Safaa , Tahir Hanan , Ramadan Azza , khalil Abbas A. , Elshaikh Elamin , Ahmed Mohamed H. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Lower extremity amputation (LEA) in individuals with diabetes is a serious health issue with a considerable physical and social burden. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with LEA in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional health facility-based study that recruited 315 diabetes individuals with foot ulcers from the diabetes center in khartoum, Sudan. Direct interviewing of subjects was used to obtain data, using a standardized validated questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used in data analysis.

Results:
69.5% of the diabetic participants were aged 50 years old or more, and 71.1% were males. Most of the subjects (48.2%) were diabetics for a duration of >10 years, while more than one third (37.5%) of them were diabetic for 5–10 years. The majority (89.5%) had type 2 DM, while only 10.5% were type 1 DM. Two hundred forty-five patients had a left lower foot ulcer; 55.1% of the patients' ulcers were present in the toes, while 21.6% were in the foot sole. The overall prevalence of lower limb amputation was 17.1%. Individuals with diabetes patients with LEA had a higher incidence of hypertension (P = 0.000), retinopathy (P = 0.000), nephropathy (P = 0.002), ulcer size >2.5 cm (P = 0.000), and neuropathy (P = 0.000) through Chi-square analysis. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that amputation was significantly associated with retinopathy (P = 0.000), size of ulcer (P = 0.000), and neuropathy (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
The overall prevalence of LEA was 17.1%. The primary risks factors associated with amputation were presence of neuropathy and ulcer size >2.5 cm. Presence of retinopathy predispose diabetic individuals to amputation. Amputation is associated with disability and psychological problems; therefore, there is an urgent need for more improvement in preventative measures and primary health care system in low resource setting country like Sudan in order to decrease diabetes complications, especially patient's education about diabetes management by primary care physicians.
Silicosis, progressive massive fibrosis and silico-tuberculosis among workers with occupational exposure to silica dusts in sandstone mines of Rajasthan state
Authors: Nandi Subroto S. , Dhatrak Sarang V. , Sarkar kamalesh 
Published: February 2021

Context:
Silicosis is a progressive, irreversible and incurable respiratory morbidity and often becomes a cause for pre-mature mortality among occupationally silica dust-exposed workers in India and similar countries. It has a dual problem of associated silico-tuberculosis as a co-morbidity. The present study was done to assess the respiratory morbidity caused by silicosis in sandstone mine of Rajasthan, India.

Methods:
The chest X-rays of 529 subjects having history of employment in stone mines with respiratory morbidity were subjected for this study and evaluated in accordance with ILO Classification 2000. The X-rays were classified into various categories of silicosis and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) in relation to years of work in stone mines.

Results:
Out of 529 chest radiographs evaluated, 275 (52%) showed radiological evidence of silicosis. Of them, 40 (7.5%) subjects showed large opacities suggestive of progressive massive fibrosis. Both silicosis and progressive massive fibrosis were associated with increasing duration of work in stone mines. Sixty-one (12.4%) subjects with silicosis also had associated pulmonary tuberculosis, termed as silico-tuberculosis.

Conclusion:
The present study showed a high prevalence of silicosis, progressive massive fibrosis and silico-tuberculosis among stone mine workers. It appears that that unless silicosis is controlled, elimination of tuberculosis is far from reality in the country. Hence, states and central authorities must work together towards control of both silicosis as well as silico-tuberculosis. Similarly, there is an urgent need of initiation of national silicosis control programme, similar to existing national tuberculosis control programme, considering the huge burden of silicosis in India
Quarantine practices and COVID-19 transmission in a low-resource setting
Authors: Vaman Raman Swathy , Valamparampil Mathew J. , Varghese Basil , Mathews Elezebeth , Valiyapurayilmundakundil Muhammed Anwar , Abraham Ramya k , A V Ramdas , A T Manoj , T S Anish 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Disease transmission patterns of COVID-19 have shown that masking, social distancing, contact tracing and quarantine measures are important strategies for reducing transmission. The effective implementation of quarantine is determined by the commitment of the people and monitoring by the State. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of home quarantine practises and its role in determining SARS CoV2 transmission.

Methods:
Record-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among expatriates of kerala who were on quarantine at their homes and later tested positive for SARS –CoV-2. Quarantine practises were categorised as strict room quarantine, incomplete room quarantine, home quarantine and no quarantine. Risk of transmission was assessed using risk ratios. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the determinants of SARS CoV2 transmission.

Results:
The median (IQR) age and duration of quarantine of 95 study participants were found to be 35 (29, 44) years and 7 (3,13) days, respectively. Majority of the participants practised strict room quarantine (57%), whereas 11.6%, 16.8% and 14.7% practiced incomplete room, home and no quarantine, respectively. Home quarantine without room quarantine had 24 times odds for transmitting disease [OR (95%CI)): 24.14 (4.87--119.75), P < 0.001] and not being in quarantine for any duration before being diagnosed was found to be 14 times riskier when compared with strict room quarantine [OR (95%CI)): 14.44 (2.42–86.17), P = 0.003].

Discussion:
Low-resource settings successful in the initial phases of COVID-19 pandemic should make periodic revisions in the quarantine guidelines while continually promoting physical distancing strategies.
DESAIN MEJA MAKAN LIPAT UNTUK APARTEMEN PANDAN WANGI TIPE 21
Authors: H Roni , . Ismail 
Published: February 2021

Dapur biasanya menjadi ruangan yang kurang diperhatikan tata letak dan estetikanya, padahal dapur merupakan bagian penting dalam rumah tangga. Tidak semua rumah maupun apartemen memiliki area dapur yang cukup luas. Kondisi dapur seperti ini tidak akan menjadi masalah jika pemilik rumah mampu menyiasatinya dengan baik. Perabotan yang ada di dapur seperti meja makan dapat tertata rapi dan berfungsi ganda untuk mengatasi keterbatasan lahan. Pada meja makan yang sudah ada khususnya di Apartemen Pandan Wangi untuk type 21 belum memilki meja makan dan sebagian besar untuk pengguna apartemen maupun rumah minimalis masih menggunakan meja dengan dimensi yang cukup besar. Meja makan ini tentu sangat menyita ruangan dengan keterbatasan lahan bagi pemilikrumah maupun apartemen. Berdasarkan uraian di atas maka diperlukan sebuah rancangan Meja Makan Lipat Minimalis dengan fungsi utama sebagai meja makan dan dapat dilipat untuk mengatasi keterbatasan lahan pada ruangan sempit atau minimalis. Diharapkan desain meja ini dapat menjadi solusi akan kebutuhan furnitur rumah tangga dengan ruangan yang sempit atau minimalis

The kitchen is usually a room that overlooked the layout and aesthetics, but the kitchen is an important part. Not all the houses and apartments have a kitchen area is quite extensive. Conditions in the kitchen like this will not be a problem if the homeowner is able to work around this well. The furniture in the kitchen as a dining table can be neat and doubles to overcome land constraints. At the dinner table that already exists, especially in Apartment Pandan Wangi to type 21 do not have the dining table and most of the apartments and minimalist still use a desk with a large dimension. The dining table is certainly very confiscate the room with limited land for homeowners and apartment. Based on the above it is necessary a Folding Dining Table Minimalist design with a primary function as a dining table and can be folded to overcome the limitations of land in a small room or minimalist. This table design is expected to be a solution to the needs of household furniture with narrow room or minimalist
DESAIN SARANA BAWA PERLENGKAPAN PISAU UNTUK DISCOVERER
Authors: Hidayanto Andi Farid , Asih Endah Retno 
Published: February 2021

Discovery adalah aktivitas yang penting untuk dilakukan, karena discovery mampu membuat pikiran menjadi rileks dan kembali fresh. Bagi para discoverer, pisau merupakan benda wajib yang perlu dibawa, karena pisau berperan penting. Selain pisau, banyaknya perlengkapan survival yang wajib dibawa ketika melakukan discovery, seperti perlengkapan navigasi, P3K, pembuat api, tali serbaguna, peniti, jarum, benang, perlengkapan memancing, dan cutter menuntut discoverer membawa tas khusus untuk mempermudah membawa perlengkapan tersebut. Karena sebelumnya perlengkapan tersebut hanya diletakkan di dalam carrier bersama perlengkapan lainnya, sehingga harus membongkar carrier saat perlengkapan tersebut akan digunakan. Tujuan dari perancangan ini adalahmembuat sarana bawa yang dapat mengorganisir perlengkapan survival, khususnya pisau, sehingga saat membawa perlengkapan tersebut discoverer merasa aman dan nyaman. Dalam proses perancangan ini menggunakan metode perancangan model French yang meliputi analisis data, desain konseptual, desain awal, alternatif, pengembangan, desain terpilih, model, desain prototype, poster dan portofolio. Perancangan ini menghasilkan sebuah sarana bawa berupa tas khusus untuk membawa perlengkapan survival. Dengan inovasi baru yang lebih mengutamakan segi fungsi, tas ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sarana bawa yang praktis dan efisien untuk mempermudah discoverer membawa perlengkapan survivalnya.
PENELITIAN RUMAH TIDAK LAYAK HUNI (RTLH) KABUPATEN BULUNGAN TAHUN 2017
Authors: Mardhanie Afif Bizrie 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
Indonesia adalah negara yang luas dan mempunyai penduduk dengan jumlah yang besar. Persoalan ini kemudian terkait dengan penyediaan rumah sebagai tempat tinggal bagi masyarakat, terutama bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah.
Pada tahun 2003 terdapat back-log (ketidakmampuan penyediaan rumah) sebanyak 5,93 juta unit rumah, maka jika target penyelesaian adalah di tahun 2020, maka setiap tahun harus tercapai penyediaan rumah oleh pemerintah maupun masyarakat sebanyak 1,15 juta unit/tahun.
Kegiatan Pendataan Rumah Tidak Layak Huni (RTLH) Kabupaten Bulungan Tahun 2017 merupakan implementasi dari program Pemerintah yang sudah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2000 yang lalu. RTLH adalah rumah yang tidak layak untuk tempat tinggal disebabkan oleh kondisi rumahnya yang tidak sehat atau berada di kawasan permukiman kumuh maupun rumah yang bisa membahayakan kehidupan penghuninya karena tidak memenuhi standar konstruksi.
Konsep rumah layak huni adalah rumah yang mempunyai; sirkulasi udara yang baik, kualitas air yang memadai, pencahayaan atau penerangan yang cukup, dapur bersih dan pembuangan asap lancer, konstruksi bangunan yang memenuhi standard, mempunyai sanitasi yang baik.
Berdasarkan hasil survai, kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap standar diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Total Rumah Tidak layak Huni (RTLH) Kabupaten Bulungan Tahun 2017 adalah sebanyak 1.896 RTLH, yang terbagi dalam beberapa kategori.
Kata Kunci: Rumah tidak layak huni (RTLH), Back-log.
DESAIN SARANA PENGISI DAYA PONSEL DI DIREKTORAT POLITEKNIK NEGERI SAMARINDA
Authors: Cahyadi Dwi , Mariska Lolita 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEveryday human life is inseparable from the need to communicate. One of the tools commonly used to communicate remotely is mobile. Mobile technology that adopts cutting edge technology is called smartphone. Smartphones are the needs of people who have many benefits, facilitate work, and improve lifestyle. Smartphones can not be used continuously.Smartphones require power to be able to power up and use. A battery charger or battery charger is a device used to recharge energy into the battery by entering an electric current through it. But there are many obstacles that are often experienced when we have to spend the day outside the house, providing limited electricity in public places makes it difficult for us to recharge smartphone bat teries. The need for battery charging continues to increase along with its power consumption. The new innovation of concern is like the means of charging batteries in public places such as the Institute of Education. One of them is the Samarinda State Poly technic. While in public and smartphone batteries are weak, based on convenience aspect, smartphone type and place to charge smartphone battery. Therefore,to design a product that is a convenient means of charging station design and there are various types of chargers that can facilitate visitors to charge the smartphone battery, then made a means Charging Station Directorate of State Polytechnic Samarinda.Keywords: Smartphone, Charger, Institute of Education.
DESAIN SEBAGAI PRODUK DAN PRAKTIK DAN RELASINYA DENGAN MEDIA DALAM INDONESIA 4.0
Authors: Surahman Adi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
Komunikasi sebagai sebuah proses penyampaian pesan dari komunikator (penyampai pesan) pada komunikan (penerima pesan) untuk mencapai kesamaan makna merupakan salah satu kebutuhan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial yang pada hakikatnya memerlukan berinteraksi antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam proses komunikasi, interaksi ini dapat terjadi pada beragam tatanan. Beragam tatanan komunikasi sebagai bentuk interaksi manusia terdiri dari intrapersonal, interpersonal, kelompok kecil (small group), komunikasi publik, dan komunikasi massa. Klasifikasi tatanan komunikasi tersebut dilakukan berdasar pada jumlah orang yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi; yang menempatkan komunikasi massa menjadi tatanan komunikasi yang melibatkan banyak orang, tersebar dan memiliki tingkat diferensiasi yang tinggi. Dalam komunikasi massa, secara konvensional, media yang lazim digunakan terklasifikasi dalam media cetak (surat kabar dan majalah) dan media elektronik (radio dan televisi). Artikel ini akan membahas kajian pustaka menggunakan Analisis Dokumentasi untuk mengidentifikasi potensi pengembangan Desain sebagai produk dan praktik dan relasinya dengan media di era Indonesia 4.0. Dalam hal ini, pendidikan tinggi desain berperan sebagai saluran pengayaan wawasan bagi mahasiswa untuk dapat memahami konsep yang kuat dan integratif dalam kaitannya menghadapi tuntutan kebutuhan Desain di Revolusi Industri 4.0.
Kata kunci: Produk Desain, Praktik Desain, Media dalam Desain, Indonesia 4.0

ABSTRACT
Communication as a process of delivering messages from the communicator (messenger) to the communicant (the recipient of the message) to achieve the same meaning is one of human needs as a social being which essentially requires interacting with one another. In the process of communication, this interaction can occur in a variety of settings. Various communication arrangements as a form of human interaction consist of intrapersonal, interpersonal, small groups (small groups), public communication, and mass communication. The classification of the communication order is carried out based on the number of people involved in the communication process; which puts mass communication into a communication system that involves many people, spreads and has a high degree of differentiation. In mass communication, conventionally, media commonly used are classified in print media (newspapers and magazines) and electronic media (radio and television). This article will discuss literature review using Documentation Analysis to identify potential development of Design as a product and practice and its relationship with the media in the Indonesian era 4.0. In this case, design higher education plays a role as an insight enrichment channel for students to be able to understand a strong and integrative concept in relation to the demands of design in the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
Keyword: Product Design, Design Practices, Media in Design, Indonesia 4.0