bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting seasonal habitat use of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in urban headwater streams
Authors: Blair Scott G. , Gutowsky Lee F.G. , Fox Michael G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo better understand the ecology of coldwater fishes in urban‐dominated landscapes, factors influencing seasonal brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat use were assessed using backpack electrofishing surveys in three urban groundwater‐fed streams in central Ontario. Generalised additive models revealed that yearling brook trout (<100 mm TL) were primarily influenced by water quality (stream temperature, conductivity), while older brook trout (≥100 mm TL) were primarily influenced by stream morphology (water depth, undercut bank volume). Colder stream temperatures were preferred by yearlings in summer, whereas they occupied the warmest temperatures available in winter and spring. Yearlings were never found in sites with high stream conductivity (≥ 900 µs/cm), regardless of season, which may be attributed to poor water quality in stream sections with stormwater influence. Older brook trout were found mainly at intermediate pool depths in spring and summer, while there was a greater range of depths used during the spawning season. Undercut banks were important for older brook trout occupancy at all times of year. The protection of groundwater aquifers in urban watersheds is recommended to maintain optimal temperature regimes for the persistence and successful recruitment of native brook trout.
Contemporary predoctoral paediatric behaviour guidance education in the United States and Canada
Authors: Weishuhn David , Scully Allison , Amini Homa , Salzmann Larry , Boynton James R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the contemporary educational experiences of predoctoral dental students in the United States and Canada regarding behaviour guidance (BG) of the child patient and assess trends from a previous study in 2004.MethodsData were collected from 32 predoctoral paediatric dentistry programme directors in the United States and Canada via a web‐based survey.ResultsThe didactic curriculum hours devoted to the teaching of BG techniques in 2019 are similar to 2004. A majority (60.7%) of programmes do not have a formal assessment of competency with BG techniques. Lectures (n = 28), clinical experience (n = 28) and observation (n = 26) were the most common techniques implemented to teach BG techniques, and tell‐show‐do (100%), non‐verbal communication (82.1%), positive reinforcement (89.3%) and distraction (82.1%) were the techniques that more than 75% of dental students most commonly have hands‐on experience with during their dental education. In 2019, students tended to have more hands‐on experience with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation and less hands‐on experience with aversive techniques and sedation.ConclusionsThe majority of dental schools do not have a formal competency in BG of the child patient. Compared with 2004, nitrous oxide/oxygen is used more by dental students and there is less predoctoral education in aversive BG techniques.
Brazilian dental students and COVID‐19: A survey on knowledge and perceptions
Authors: Aragão Maria Gerusa Brito , Gomes Francisco Isaac Fernandes , Pinho Maia Paixão‐de‐Melo Letícia , Corona Silmara Aparecida Milori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of Brazilian dental students about COVID‐19 and the undergraduate clinical practice during the COVID‐19 outbreak by a self‐administered Web‐based questionnaire.MethodsA social network campaign on Instagram was raised to approach the target population. The survey covered demographic and academic profile, general knowledge, preventive measures and perception about COVID‐19. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequencies and distributions of variables, which were compared by type of institution and current year of enrolment using the Chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests (α = 0.05).ResultsA total of 833 valid responses were received over 10 days. Students were able to identify the incubation period, main symptoms and contagious routes of the disease but struggled in recognising the name of the virus responsible for the pandemic. Hand washing before and after a dental appointment with a patient (97.7%) followed by the use of barriers to protect mucosa (97.2%) were the more frequently recognised measures to prevent COVID‐19 spread in the dental office. As for the perception of COVID‐19, 73.2% of the dental students perceived the disease as severe, whilst only 11.1% of them thought that COVID‐19 is severe only for people presenting risk factors. Dental student's knowledge and perception were associated with the type of institution and year of enrolment.ConclusionIn summary, the dental students demonstrated an acceptable general knowledge about COVID‐19, but dental schools will need to address gaps in knowledge, preventive measures, and perceptions to ensure a safer return to in person activities.
Perfectionism and dignity
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPerfectionism about well‐being is, at a minimum, the view that people's lives go well when, and because, they realize their capacities. It is common to link perfectionism with an idea of human essence or nature, to view well‐being as the unfolding of characteristically human capacities. This article argues that perfectionism would be more plausible if it abandons reliance on the idea of human nature and focuses instead on the unfolding of some valuable capacities that need not be unique to, or shared by all human beings. The article develops this revised perfectionism through the dignitarian approach—the view that we have reason to organize our personal and social life in such a way that we respond appropriately to the valuable features of individuals that give rise to their dignity. According to the resulting proposal—Dignitarian Perfectionism—human individuals' well‐being consists, at least in part, in developing and exercising the capacities at the basis of their dignity. Dignitarian Perfectionism is evaluative all the way down, pragmatic but not unprincipled, and holistic. Furthermore, it can make sense of the role of some generalizations that animated some of the plausibility of traditional perfectionism—and this without the pitfalls of reliance on an idea of human nature.
Hospital admissions for dental disorders in patients with severe mental illness in Southeast London: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Chaturvedi Jaya , Sabbah Wael , Gallagher Jennifer E. , Turner Jonathan , Curl Charlotte , Stewart Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn people with mental disorders, adverse general health is well recognized but dental diseases remain underinvestigated. The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for hospital admissions for dental disorders in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and/or depressive disorder. De‐identified electronic mental health records from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) were linked to national Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data for analysis. Data were extracted for adults with a diagnosis of SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder) and/or depression, who had received care at SLaM between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2017. In the cohort of 18,999 patients thus obtained, the following factors were independently associated with hospital admission for dental disorders: female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31–1.68)], Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) problem drinking/drug taking (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.19), HoNOS physical illness/disability (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12–.25), diabetes (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.43), recorded current/past smoking (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06–1.43), treatment with antidepressant medication (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31–1.68), and depressive disorder (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11–1.68). Building on previous research in this population, which indicated a relatively high risk of acute care hospitalizations with dental disorders as discharge diagnoses, a number of demographic and clinical characteristics were found to be independent predictors over a 7‐yr period. Further research into these predictors would facilitate a better understanding of how adverse dental outcomes might be prevented.
Robust design of a robot gripper mechanism using new hybrid grasshopper optimization algorithm
Authors: Yildiz Betül Sultan , Pholdee Nantiwat , Bureerat Sujin , Yildiz Ali Riza , Sait Sadiq M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStructural design and optimization are important topics for the control and design of industrial robots. The motivation behind this research is to design a robot gripper mechanism. To explore robust design of the robot gripper mechanism, a new optimization approach based on a grasshopper optimization algorithm and Nelder–Mead algorithm is developed for requiring a fast and accurate solution. Additionally, a vehicle side crash design problem, a multi‐clutch disc problem, and a manufacturing optimization problem are solved with the developed method to show the advantages of the new technique (HGOANM). Both engineering comparisons and production problem results in which HGOANM is applied are compared with the latest optimization techniques in the literature. The results of the problems resolved in this article reveal that the developed HGOANM is an essential optimization approach by solving real‐world engineering problems quickly and accurately.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated E22K mutation in myosin regulatory light chain decreases calcium‐activated tension and stiffness and reduces myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Wang Li , Kazmierczak Katarzyna , Yun Hang , Szczesna‐Cordary Danuta , Kawai Masataka 
Published: February 2021

We investigated the mechanisms associated with E22K mutation in myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), found to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in humans and mice. Specifically, we characterized the mechanical profiles of papillary muscle fibers from transgenic mice expressing human ventricular RLC wild‐type (Tg‐WT) or E22K mutation (Tg‐E22K). Because the two mouse models expressed different amounts of transgene, the B6SJL mouse line (NTg) was used as an additional control. Mechanical experiments were carried out on Ca2+‐ and ATP‐activated fibers and in rigor. Sinusoidal analysis was performed to elucidate the effect of E22K on tension and stiffness during activation/rigor, tension‐pCa, and myosin cross‐bridge (CB) kinetics. We found significant reductions in active tension (by 54%) and stiffness (active by 40% and rigor by 54%). A decrease in the Ca2+ sensitivity of tension (by ∆pCa ~ 0.1) was observed in Tg‐E22K compared with Tg‐WT fibers. The apparent (=measured) rate constant of exponential process B (2πb: force generation step) was not affected by E22K, but the apparent rate constant of exponential process C (2πc: CB detachment step) was faster in Tg‐E22K compared with Tg‐WT fibers. Both 2πb and 2πc were smaller in NTg than in Tg‐WT fibers, suggesting a kinetic difference between the human and mouse RLC. Our results of E22K‐induced reduction in myofilament stiffness and tension suggest that the main effect of this mutation was to disturb the interaction of RLC with the myosin heavy chain and impose structural abnormalities in the lever arm of myosin CB. When placed in vivo, the E22K mutation is expected to result in reduced contractility and decreased cardiac output whereby leading to HCM.Sub‐DisciplineBioenergetics.DatabaseThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.Animal protocolBK20150353 (Soochow University).Research governanceSchool of Nursing: Hua‐Gang Hu: seuboyh@163.com; Soochow University: Chen Ge chge@suda.edu.cn.
Could spatial heterogeneity in flow disturbance drive temporal stability of native–invasive species co‐occurrence in riverscapes?
Authors: Boddy Nixie C. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity of abiotic influences like disturbance in riverscapes could play an important role in dispersal‐aided community stability. We tested if higher spatial variability in conditions around river confluences caused by different flood disturbance regimes in branches could possibly influence the stability of a fish assemblage dominated by strong negative interactions between non‐native trout and native galaxiid fishes.We used field surveys to evaluate the effects of disturbance‐driven differences between river branches on fish densities and temporal variation in the relative abundance of galaxiids. Three repeated electrofishing surveys were conducted in two reaches of all branches of eight confluences in Canterbury, New Zealand.We found the differences in flood disturbance regimes between the two stream branches joining at a confluence were associated with higher mean fish abundance and more temporal stability in the relative abundance of native fish. Conversely, when flood disturbance conditions in the two streams joining were similar, resulting in a homogeneous confluence, fish abundance was lower and temporal variability was higher.For homogeneous confluences, strong interactions between native galaxiids and invasive trout probably produced lower fish densities where rivers with low flow disturbance met, whereas when two highly flow‐disturbed rivers met, environmental harshness probably lowered fish densities. By comparison, enhanced galaxiid temporal stability at confluences containing both disturbed and stable river branches probably reflected the combined effects of refugia from trout predation in disturbed branches and refugia from flooding in stable branches.Overall, these results are likely to reflect the combined effects of population‐specific responses to physical heterogeneity and spatially variable interspecific interactions. They may mean that river network configuration, and confluences especially, could influence community stability through ahabitat portfolioeffect. Furthermore, it will be worth investigating further whether preservation or restoration of differences in flow disturbance conditions in riverscapes encourages higher ecosystem resilience in the face of global change.
Beyond denitrification: The role of microbial diversity in controlling nitrous oxide reduction and soil nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Shan Jun , Sanford Robert A. , Chee‐Sanford Joanne , Ooi Sean K. , Löffler Frank E. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Yang Wendy H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany biotic and abiotic processes contribute to nitrous oxide (N2O) production in the biosphere, but N2O consumption in the environment has heretofore been attributed primarily to canonical denitrifying microorganisms. The nosZ genes encoding the N2O reductase enzyme, NosZ, responsible for N2O reduction to dinitrogen are now known to include two distinct groups: the well‐studied Clade I which denitrifiers typically possess, and the novel Clade II possessed by diverse groups of microorganisms, most of which are non‐denitrifiers. Clade II N2O reducers could play an important, previously unrecognized role in controlling N2O emissions for several reasons, including: (1) the consumption of N2O produced by processes other than denitrification, (2) hypothesized non‐respiratory functions of NosZ as an electron sink or for N2O detoxification, (3) possible differing enzyme kinetics of Clade II NosZ compared to Clade I NosZ, and (4) greater nosZ gene abundance for Clade II compared to Clade I in soils of many ecosystems. Despite the potential ecological significance of Clade II NosZ, a census of 800 peer‐reviewed original research articles discussing nosZ and published from 2013 to 2019 showed that the percentage of articles evaluating or mentioning Clade II nosZ increased from 5% in 2013 to only 22% in 2019. The census revealed that the slowly spreading awareness of Clade II nosZ may result in part from disciplinary silos, with the percentage of nosZ articles mentioning Clade II nosZ ranging from 0% in Agriculture and Agronomy journals to 32% in Multidisciplinary Sciences journals. In addition, inconsistent nomenclature for Clade I nosZ and Clade II nosZ, with 17 different terminologies used in the literature, may have created confusion about the two distinct groups of N2O reducers. We provide recommendations to accelerate advances in understanding the role of the diversity of N2O reducers in regulating soil N2O emissions.
Prevalence and predictors of mortality for older adults referred to hospital avoidance program
Authors: Gul Shahzad , Freund Megan , Sanson‐Fisher Robert W , Clapham Matthew , Webster Penelope J 
Published: February 2021

AimFollowing discharge from a hospital avoidance program, to examine the prevalence of patient mortality, demographic characteristics associated with risk of mortality up to 33 months, patient demographic and health characteristics associated with mortality within 1 year.MethodsA retrospective data linkage study of older adults with mean age of 80.5 years discharged from a hospital avoidance program between January 2017 and January 2018. The prevalence of death at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 33 months was calculated. Patient demographic and health characteristics associated with participant mortality within 12 (n = 195) and 33 (n = 185) months of discharge was examined using Cox multivariable regression for patients with complete health characteristic data.ResultsThe mortality prevalence was 17% at 6 months and cumulative prevalence at 1 year, 18 months and 33 months post‐discharge were 24%, 29% and 36% respectively. Characteristics associated with mortality within 12 months of discharge were lower cognition, increased burden of comorbidity, decreased physical function, weight <55 kg and male sex. The same variables were associated with death up to 33 months as well as age, interaction between household arrangement and time, and albumin.ConclusionsThe establishment of potential risk indicators allows greater specificity for identifying older people at risk of dying in the next 12 months and an opportunity to discuss their advanced care planning. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••–••.
Knowledge diffusion channels in Brazil: The effect of inventor mobility and inventive collaboration on regional invention
Authors: de Matos Cirlene Maria , Gonçalves Eduardo , Freguglia Ricardo da Silva 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to evaluate the role of inventor mobility and inventive collaboration in Brazilian regional innovation. We take into account the regional knowledge production function (RKPF) to incorporate the regional interactions promoted by these two important knowledge diffusion channels. Using a dynamic panel with data from a unique combination of the Intellectual Property Database for Statistical Purposes (BADEPI v1.0) and the Annual Social Information Report of the Labor Ministry (RAIS), we estimate the interregional inventor mobility and co‐invention using a Poisson‐Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator, and the RKPF using a system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. Our results show that: (a) space exerts a relevant influence on an inventor’s decision to migrate and to collaborate to innovate; (b) inventor mobility among Brazilian regions promotes regional innovation; (c) regional collaboration significantly contributes to regional innovation.
Cementless total hip arthroplasty in haemophilia patients through direct anterior approach
Authors: Kaseb Mohammad Hasan , Shafiee Seyyed Hossein , Shamabadi Ahmad , Aminjavaheri Seyyed Alireza , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) has become the treatment of choice for patients with severe haemophilic arthropathy of the hip. However, the intraoperative and postoperative complications, including blood loss and infection, are significant concerns. Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) might be beneficial in THA of patients with haemophilia.AimThe present study was conducted to assess outcomes of THA using DAA in patients with haemophilia.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our joint replacement database. From January 2010 to December 2015, we had 12 patients with haemophilia who underwent 14 THAs by DAA and followed for an average of 69 months.ResultsAll patients were male with a mean age of 36 ± 7 years at the time of THA. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 46 preoperatively to 89 at the final follow‐up visit. One dislocation and one infection occurred. Only one patient with simultaneous bilateral THA needed a transfusion. All components were radiologically well fixed at the final follow‐up visit except one acetabular loosening that needed revision. All patients were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery at the final follow‐up visit.ConclusionIn this study, it was observed that complications of cementless THA using DAA in haemophilia patients with hip arthropathy are comparable to other surgical approaches. However, the complication of bleeding in this approach might be less.
Efficacy of rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin antimicrobial agent, for hepatic encephalopathy in Japanese patients
Authors: Hiramine Yasunari , Uto Hirofumi , Mawatari Seiichi , Kanmura Shuji , Imamura Yasushi , Hiwaki Takuya , Saishoji Akiko , Kakihara Atsuko , Maenohara Shigeho , Tokushige Koichi , Ido Akio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimRifaximin is recommended as treatment for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) that targets intestinal bacterial flora. Although combined use with synthetic disaccharides is the standard of care worldwide, the therapeutic effects of rifaximin for overt encephalopathy (OHE) in Japanese patients have not been examined sufficiently. We examined the therapeutic effects of rifaximin for OHE in Japanese patients.MethodsA total of 76 patients who developed OHE of West Haven grade II or higher at least once within the 12 months before starting rifaximin were included. Blood ammonia levels and the incidence of OHE during the 12 months before and after starting rifaximin therapy were compared in a before‐and‐after study. Rifaximin efficacy and predictors of efficacy were also examined.ResultsPost‐treatment blood ammonia levels were significantly lower than pretreatment levels. The mean annual number of OHE incidents and intravenous branched‐chain amino acid preparations used per patient were significantly lower after starting rifaximin therapy (2.51 vs. 0.76 times/year, p < 0.001; and 71.9 vs. 20.7 preparations/year, p = 0.003, respectively). The cumulative incidence of hospitalizations associated with HE significantly decreased after rifaximin therapy (hazard ratio 0.187; p < 0.001). The efficacy rate, defined as the proportion of patients without OHE during the administration of rifaximin for 1 year after starting rifaximin therapy, was 65.8%. Serum albumin ≥2.7 g/dl was an independent predictor of efficacy.ConclusionRifaximin was associated with decreased blood ammonia levels, lower incidence of OHE, and fewer hospitalizations in Japanese patients with HE. In addition, serum albumin level was an important predictor on efficacy of rifaximin.