bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a consortium-based microbial agent beneficial to composting of distilled grain waste for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation
Authors: Wu Sibao , Zhou Rongrong , Ma Yuting , Fang Yong , Xie Guopai , Gao Xuezhi , Xiao Yazhong , Liu Juanjuan , Fang Zemin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible mushroom popularly cultivated worldwide. Distilled grain waste (DGW) is a potential substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation. However, components in DGW restrict P. ostreatus mycelial growth. Therefore, a cost-effective approach to facilitate rapid P. ostreatus colonization on DGW substrate will benefit P. ostreatus cultivation and DGW recycling.

Results
Five dominant indigenous bacteria, Sphingobacterium sp. X1, Ureibacillus sp. X2, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. X3, Geobacillus sp. X4, and Aeribacillus sp. X5, were isolated from DGW and selected to develop a consortium-based microbial agent to compost DGW for P. ostreatus cultivation. Microbial agent inoculation led to faster carbohydrate metabolism, a higher temperature (73.2 vs. 71.2 °C), a longer thermophilic phase (5 vs. 3 days), and significant dynamic changes in microbial community composition and diversity in composts than those of the controls. Metagenomic analysis showed the enhanced microbial metabolisms, such as xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and terpenoid and polyketide metabolism, during the mesophilic phase after microbial agent inoculation, which may facilitate the fungal colonization on the substrate. In accordance with the bioinformatic analysis, a faster colonization of P. ostreatus was observed in the composts with microbial inoculation than in control after composting for 48 h, as indicated from substantially higher fungal ergosterol content, faster lignocellulose degradation, and higher lignocellulase activities in the former than in the latter. The final mushroom yield shared no significant difference between composts with microbial inoculation and control, with 0.67 ± 0.05 and 0.60 ± 0.04 kg fresh mushroom/kg DGW, respectively (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The consortium-based microbial agent comprised indigenous microorganisms showing application potential in composting DGW for providing substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation and will provide an alternative to facilitate DGW recycling.
Pythium insidiosum keratitis reported in China, raising the alertness to this fungus-like infection: a case series
Authors: Hou Hongyan , Wang Yue , Tian Lei , Wang Feng , Sun Ziyong , Chen Zhongju 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study is to report typical clinical and laboratory characteristics of three cases of keratitis caused by Pythium insidiosum in China.

Case presentation
Three Chinese patients of Han nationality diagnosed with Pythium keratitis from 2017 to 2019 were included. One 45-year-old female and one 55-year-old male were exposed to river water, and one 51-year-old female was burned by ash in the eyes. All of them are of Han ethnicity. Upon slit-lamp examination, subepithelial and superficial stromal opacities were observed in a reticular pattern. After conventional treatment with antifungal agents, the clinical status worsened and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Unfortunately, enucleation was performed to remove all infected tissue and relieve pain. Pythium insidiosum was identified in culture and confirmed by internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis. Following the systemic and local antibiotic regimens, the patients were cured ultimately and no regression of infection was observed.

Conclusions
It is significant for ophthalmologists and microbiologist to be alert to this eye-threatening infection, especially in patients who are resistant to antifungal treatments and with water-related exposure.
New entropic bounds on time scales via Hermite interpolating polynomial
Authors: Ansari Iqrar , Khan Khuram Ali , Nosheen Ammara , Pečarić Ðilda , Pečarić Josip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHermite’s interpolation is utilized to establish a new generalization of an inequality for higher order convex functions containing Csiszár divergence on time scales. New entropic bounds in q-calculus and h-discrete calculus are also deduced. Some estimates for Zipf–Mandelbrot entropy are also given.
Establishment of a quantitative RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus
Authors: Jiang Yushen , Zhang Shanming , Qin Hong , Meng Shuai , Deng Xuyi , Lin He , Xin Xiaoliang , Liang Yuxin , Chen Bowen , Cui Yan , Su YiHeng , Liang Pei , Zhou GuangZhi , Hu Hongbo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. Quantitative testing of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus is demanded in evaluating the efficacy of antiviral drugs and vaccines and RT-PCR can be widely deployed in the clinical assay of viral loads. Here, we developed a quantitative RT-PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection in this study.

Methods
RT-PCR kits targeting E (envelope) gene, N (nucleocapsid) gene and RdRP (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) gene of SARS-CoV-2 from Roche Diagnostics were evaluated and E gene kit was employed for quantitative detection of COVID-19 virus using Cobas Z480. Viral load was calculated according to the standard curve established by series dilution of an E-gene RNA standard provided by Tib-Molbiol (a division of Roche Diagnostics). Assay performance was evaluated.

Results
The performance of the assay is acceptable with limit of detection (LOD) below 10E1 copies/μL and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) as 10E2 copies/μL.

Conclusion
A quantitative detection of the COVID-19 virus based on RT-PCR was established.
Do alterations in pulmonary vascular tone result in changes in central blood volumes? An experimental study
Authors: Vos Jaap Jan , Wietasch J. K. Götz , Hoeft Andreas , Scheeren Thomas W. L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The effects of selective pulmonary vascular tone alterations on cardiac preload have not been previously examined. Therefore, we evaluated whether changing pulmonary vascular tone either by hypoxia or the inhalation of aerosolized prostacyclin (PGI2) altered intrathoracic or pulmonary blood volume (ITBV, PBV, respectively), both as surrogate for left ventricular preload. Additionally, the mean systemic filling pressure analogue (Pmsa) and pressure for venous return (Pvr) were calculated as surrogate of right ventricular preload.

Methods
In a randomized controlled animal study in 6 spontaneously breathing dogs, pulmonary vascular tone was increased by controlled moderate hypoxia (FiO2 about 0.10) and decreased by aerosolized PGI2. Also, inhalation of PGI2 was instituted to induce pulmonary vasodilation during normoxia and hypoxia. PBV, ITBV and circulating blood volume (Vdcirc) were measured using transpulmonary thermo-dye dilution. Pmsa and Pvr were calculated post hoc. Either the Wilcoxon-signed rank test or Friedman ANOVA test was performed.

Results
During hypoxia, mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased from median [IQR] 12 [8–15] to 19 [17–25] mmHg (p < 0.05). ITBV, PBV and their ratio with Vdcirc remained unaltered, which was also true for Pmsa, Pvr and cardiac output. PGI2 co-inhalation during hypoxia normalized mean PAP to 13 (12–16) mmHg (p < 0.05), but left cardiac preload surrogates unaltered. PGI2 inhalation during normoxia further decreased mean PAP to 10 (9–13) mmHg (p < 0.05) without changing any of the other investigated hemodynamic variables.

Conclusions
In spontaneously breathing dogs, changes in pulmonary vascular tone altered PAP but had no effect on cardiac output, central blood volumes or their relation to circulating blood volume, nor on Pmsa and Pvr. These observations suggest that cardiac preload is preserved despite substantial alterations in right ventricular afterload.
Bewildered and alone: supporting people with cognitive impairment on COVID isolation wards
Authors: Finnegan Martha , Greene Elaine 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYManaging isolation protocols for distressed, cognitively impaired COVID-19-positive patients presented a range of new challenges to our liaison psychiatry for the elderly service. In this article we present some of the scenarios we have experienced, our own reflections on the needs of this specific group and how this has challenged us in terms of tolerating risk, prescribing off-label, collaborating with distressed colleagues, professional boundaries and being creative in non-pharmacological interventions.
Prevalence of adult sexual abuse in men with mental illness: Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Zarchev Milan , Ruijne Roos E. , Mulder Cornelis L. , Kamperman Astrid M. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSexual abuse is a broad category of traumatic experiences that includes rape and any unwanted sexual contact with a body part or foreign object, whether penetrative, oral or otherwise. Although patients with mental illness have a higher risk of becoming victims of sexual abuse in adulthood, few studies investigate the proportion of male victims in this population. Their underrepresentation in research is a barrier to understanding the negative outcomes associated with sexual abuse in men.AimsWe estimated the prevalence of recent (past year) and adulthood sexual abuse perpetrated by any perpetrator and separately by intimate partners in males diagnosed with a mental illness.MethodTo model the prevalences and heterogeneity arising from reports, we used Bayesian multilevel models. Prevalences were estimated for mixed-diagnosis, substance misuse, intellectual disability and post-traumatic stress disorder samples, and studies reporting specifically on intimate partner violence. This review was registered through PROSPERO (CRD42020169299)ResultsEstimated adult sexual abuse was 5.3% (95% Credibility Interval 1.6–12.8%) for past-year abuse and 14.1% (95% Credibility Interval 7.3–22.4%) for abuse in adulthood. There was considerable heterogeneity of prevalence between studies and diagnosis groups.ConclusionsOur analyses show that the prevalence of sexual abuse of males diagnosed with a mental illness was much higher than for men in the general population. This has important implications regarding the proportion of undetected or untreated sexually abused men in clinical practice.
X-ray versus computerized tomography (CT) images for detection of COVID-19 using deep learning
Authors: Siddeshappa Nandish , Varur Tejashri , Subramani Krithika , Puranik Siddhi , Sampathila Niranjana 
Published: December 2021

Background: The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease corresponding to it (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has become a global crisis, shattering health care systems, and weakening economies of most countries. The current methods of testing that are employed include reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), rapid antigen testing, and lateral flow testing with RT-PCR being used as the golden standard despite its accuracy being at a mere 63%. It is a manual process which is time consuming, taking about an average of 48 hours to obtain the results. Alternative methods employing deep learning techniques and radiologic images are up and coming. Methods: In this paper, we used a dataset consisting of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 folders for both X-Ray and CT images which contained a total number of 17,599 images. This dataset has been used to compare 3 (non-pre-trained) CNN models and 5 pre-trained models and their performances in detecting COVID-19 under various parameters like validation accuracy, training accuracy, validation loss, training loss, prediction accuracy, sensitivity and the training time required, with CT and X-Ray images separately. Results: Xception provided the highest validation accuracy (88%) when trained with the dataset containing the X- ray images while VGG19 provided the highest validation accuracy (81.2%) when CT images are used for training. Conclusions: The model, VGG16, showed the most consistent performance, with a validation accuracy of 76.6% for CT images and 87.76% for X-ray images. When comparing the results between the modalities, models trained with the X-ray dataset showed better performances than the same models trained with CT images. Hence, it can be concluded that X-ray images provide a higher accuracy in detecting COVID-19 making it an effective method for detecting COVID-19 in real life.
Current Trends in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Development
Authors: Vorontsova M. , Karmakova T. , Pankratov A. , Kaprin A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
1. Features of Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Radionuclides
2. Design of Pharmaceuticals for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT)
2.1. Radionuclides
2.2. Synthesis of Radioconjugates
2.3. Targeting Carriers
4. Subcellular Targeting of Radionuclides
5. TRT Dosimetry
Conclusion
Total Brain Irradiation for Metastatic Lesions in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Balkanov A. , Metelin V. , Vasilenko I. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Brain metastasis (BM) has a significant negative impact on the survival of breast cancer patients. An intensive search is underway for a multi-modal approach to identify the most effective methods of treating such patients.
Material and methods: The study included 40 patients with breast cancer who were diagnosed with BM on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Total brain irradiation (TBI) up to 30 Gy (3 Gy) was used as the main treatment method. The median age was 48 (31–70) years. In 75 % of cases, a nonluminal subtype of breast cancer was found, in 57.5 % of cases–T2 breast cancer, in 70 % of cases–N0-1.
Results: The median survival after TBI was 12 months, 6-month survival rate was 70 %, and 12 – month survival rate was 47.5 %. The risk of death was significantly increased (HR=3.309; 95 % CI: 1,184 – 9,250, p=0.023) in patients whose time interval from the manifestation of 1 relapse to BM was ≤24 months. In these patients, the survival was only 9.5 months and was significantly lower (p=0.0136) than in the patients with the same time interval was >24 months – 30 months.
Conclusions: It was found that the effectiveness of total brain irradiation in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis is the highest if the time interval from the moment of manifestation of first relapse to brain metastasis is more than 24 months.
The ‘plebs contionalis’ – a perfect popular assembly participant?
Authors: Appel Hanna 
Published: December 2021

The writings of Cicero refer in various ways, often critically, to citizens who participated in contiones. Contemporary researchers refer to them as plebs contionalis, coined by Christian Meier. Although this term does not occur in the sources, many historians have concluded that it perfectly describes the citizens who regularly attended popular gatherings. The problem, however, is that the issues raised during the contiones were so varied, and these assemblies were held so often that it is hard to imagine that the average citizen could afford to attend them regularly. The author of the article analyses various aspects of this issue and confronts them with the views of other researchers, in order to reach a more general conclusion about the participants in these contiones. W pismach Cycerona można znaleźć bardzo różne sformułowania, nierzadko krytyczne, odnoszące się do tych obywateli, którzy uczestniczą w contiones. Współcześni badacze określają ich mianem plebs contionalis, ukutym przez Christiana Meiera. Wprawdzie termin ten nie pojawia się w źródłach, ale wielu historyków uznało, że doskonale charakteryzuje on właśnie tych obywateli, którzy regularnie pojawiali się na zgromadzeniach ludowych. Problem polega jednak na tym, że sprawy poruszane podczas contiones były tak różne, a owe zgromadzenia odbywały sie tak często, że trudno wyobrazić sobie, by przeciętny obywatel mógł sobie pozwolić na regularne w nich uczestniczenie. Autorka artykułu analizuje różne aspekty tego zagadnienia i konfrontuje je z poglądami innych badaczy zmierzając do ogólniejszej konkluzji na temat uczestników owych contiones.
Between Marius, Cinna and Sulla. The role of the Valerii Flacci in the Roman Republic in the eighties of the 1st century BC
Authors: Ładoń Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Valerii Flacci was one of the most influential families in Rome in the first two decades of the 1st century BC. Cicero called them a nobilissima familia, while they themselves were the apple of the Roman aristocracy and were perceived as the best citizens (optimi cives). During the First Civil War, they were initially associated with the Marian camp. L. Valerius Flaccus (consul of 100 BC) acted as princeps senatus since 86 BC, and his cousin, also L. Valerius Flaccus was consul suffectus in 86 BC, after the death of C. Marius. The brother of L. Valerius Flaccus, Caius, consul of 93 BC, during the reign of Cinna in Rome was the governor of Spain for many years, and later of Transalpine Gaul too. It is known that Valerii Flacci wanted to reach a compromise between Sulla and the Marian camp, and when their efforts failed, they opted for Sulla.Despite the significant role Valerii Flacci played in the Republic, their activities remain overshadowed by other figures of that period. Also, their switch to the Sulla camp in the memory of the ancients was quite poorly recorded, especially when compared with the publicity of the transition of figures such as Metellus Pius, Pompeius or Crassus to Sulla’s side. The author of the presented paper will attempt to coax Valerii Flacci out of the shadows of history, examine the genesis of their defection to the Sulla camp and determine the role they played in this camp in the initial period of Sulla’s dictatorship. Abstrakt: Valerii Flacci byli jednym z bardziej wpływowych rodów w Rzymie w pierwszych dwóch dekadach I wieku przed Chr. Cicero określał ich mianem nobilissima familia, sami zaś stanowili kwiat arystokracji rzymskiej i postrzegani byli jako najlepsi obywatele (optimi cives). W okresie pierwszej wojny domowej początkowo związani byli z obozem mariańskim. L. Valerius Flaccus (konsul 100 roku przed Chr.) od 86 roku przed Chr. występował jako princeps senatus, zaś jego kuzyn, również L. Valerius Flaccus, po śmierci C. Mariusa zastąpił go na stanowisku konsula (jako consul suffectus w 86 roku przed Chr.). Rodzony brat tego ostatniego, C. Valerius Flaccus, konsul 93 roku przed Chr., w okresie rządów Cynny w Rzymie był wieloletnim namiestnikiem Hiszpanii, a później także Galii Zaalpejskiej. Wiadomo, że Valerii Flacci chcieli doprowadzić do kompromisu między Sullą a obozem mariańskim, a gdy ich starania zakończyły się fiaskiem, opowiedzieli się za Sullą.Mimo znaczącej roli, jaką Valerii Flacci odgrywali w Republice, ich działalność pozostaje w cieniu innych postaci owego okresu. Także ich akces do obozu sullańskiego w pamięci starożytnych został odnotowany dość słabo, zwłaszcza jeśli zestawi się go z nagłośnieniem przejścia na stronę Sulli takich postaci jak Metellus Pius, Pompeius czy Crassus. Autor prezentowanego artykułu wydobywa Valerii Flacci z cienia historii, bada genezę ich dołączenia do obozu sullańskiego oraz określa ich znaczenie w tym obozie w początkowym okresie dyktatury Sulli.
Bridging Bayesian and Minimax Mean Square Error Estimation via Wasserstein Distributionally Robust Optimization
Authors: Nguyen Viet Anh , Shafieezadeh-Abadeh Soroosh , Kuhn Daniel , Mohajerin Esfahani Peyman 
Published: December 2021

We introduce a distributionally robust minimium mean square error estimation model with a Wasserstein ambiguity set to recover an unknown signal from a noisy observation. The proposed model can be viewed as a zero-sum game between a statistician choosing an estimator—that is, a measurable function of the observation—and a fictitious adversary choosing a prior—that is, a pair of signal and noise distributions ranging over independent Wasserstein balls—with the goal to minimize and maximize the expected squared estimation error, respectively. We show that, if the Wasserstein balls are centered at normal distributions, then the zero-sum game admits a Nash equilibrium, by which the players’ optimal strategies are given by an affine estimator and a normal prior, respectively. We further prove that this Nash equilibrium can be computed by solving a tractable convex program. Finally, we develop a Frank–Wolfe algorithm that can solve this convex program orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art general-purpose solvers. We show that this algorithm enjoys a linear convergence rate and that its direction-finding subproblems can be solved in quasi-closed form. Funding: This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grants BSCGI0_ 157733 and 51NF40_180545], an Early Postdoc.Mobility Fellowship [Grant P2ELP2_195149], and the European Research Council [Grant TRUST-949796].
Feeling Positive, Negative, or Both? Examining the Self-Regulatory Benefits of Emotional Ambivalence
Authors: Gabriel Allison S. , Butts Marcus M. , Chawla Nitya , da Motta Veiga Serge P. , Turban Daniel B. , Green Jeffrey D. 
Published: December 2021

According to self-regulation theories, affect plays a crucial role in driving goal-directed behaviors throughout employees’ work lives. Yet past work presents inconsistent results regarding the effects of positive and negative affect with theory heavily relying on understanding the separate, unique effects of each affective experience. In the current research, we integrate tenets of emotional ambivalence with self-regulation theories to examine how the conjoint experience of positive and negative affect yields benefits for behavioral regulation. We test these ideas within a self-regulatory context that has frequently studied the benefits of affect and has implications for all employees at one point in their careers: the job search. Adopting a person-centered (i.e., profile-based) perspective across two within-person investigations, we explore how emotional ambivalence relates to job search success (i.e., interview invitations, job offers) via job search self-regulatory processes (i.e., metacognitive strategies, effort). Results illustrate that the subsequent week (i.e., at time t + 1; Study 1) and month (Study 2) after job seekers experience emotional ambivalence (i.e., positive and negative affect experienced jointly at similar levels at time t), they receive more job offers via increased job search effort and interview invitations. Theoretical and practical implications for studying emotional ambivalence in organizational scholarship are discussed. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1553 .