bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lukion historian opettajien käsityksiä esseen arviointiin vaikuttavista piirteistä
Authors: Paldanius Hilkka , Sulkunen Sari , Luukka Minna-Riitta , Saario Johanna 
Published: November 2021

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan lukion historian opettajien käsityksiä aineistopohjaisen esseen arvioinnista ja siihen vaikuttavista piirteistä tiedonalan tekstitaitojen näkökulmasta. Aineisto koostuu opettajien ryhmähaastatteluista ja lukiolaisten kirjoittamista aineistopohjaisista esseistä. Haastattelut analysoitiin laadullisen sisällönanalyysin avulla ja esseiden kielellisiä piirteitä systeemis-funktionaalisen kieliteorian avulla. Analyysissä keskityttiin opettajien arvostamiin esseen piirteisiin ja niiden kielellisiin toteumiin. Opettajien arvostamissa piirteissä korostuivat erityisesti sisältötiedon hallinta sekä tehtävänannon noudattaminen. Aineiston käyttöön ja opiskelijan omaan pohdintaan liittyviä odotuksia opettajilla oli vähemmän. Esseiden kielellinen analyysi osoitti, että historian oppiaineen kielen ja sisältötiedon hallinta kietoutuvat toisiinsa: käsitteiden käyttö, informaatiorakenteen sujuvuus ja analysoiva kirjoittajaääni vahvistavat vaikutelmaa sisältötiedon hallinnasta.

History teachers’ beliefs about assessment of essays
Abstract
This article focuses on history teachers’ beliefs about the textual features relevant for assessing essays in general upper secondary school. The data comprise group discussions about essays that were analyzed with content analysis and the essays analyzed with systemic-functional theory. The focus was on linguistic realization of the features teachers valued. The results showed that history teachers particularly valued presenting historical knowledge and answering the task. They had fewer expectations about the use of the source material and students’ own argumentation. The linguistic analysis of the essays showed that language of history and historical knowledge intertwine: e.g. smooth information flow and analytical authorial voice demonstrate mastery.
Keywords: assessment, disciplinary literacy, history, essay, systemic-functional theory
تاثير إزالة القشور والإنبات في اختزال بعض المحددات التغذوية والتركيب الكيميائي التقريبي لبذور العدس والماش
Authors: Alwan Abdul Kadir Hadi , Mohammed Mohammed Moayyad , Farhan Mustafa 
Published: November 2021

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى زيادة القيمة التغذوية لبذور العدس والماش بازالة القشور والانبات. تم تنقيع ثلاثة مجاميع من العدس والماش لمدة 24 ساعة وانباتها للمدد 1 و 2 و 3 ايام بين قطعتين من القماش المبلل ثم قشرت, واعتمدت المجموعة الرابعة كنموذج مزال القشور فضلا عن نموذج المقارنة. .ادت عملية ازالة القشور الى خفض محتوى التانينات معنويا ( p≤ 0.05 ) بنسبة 55.26 % و61.02 % في العدس والماش على التوالي، وازداد البروتين والزيت ومثبطات التربسين والفايتات عند المقارنة مع نماذج المقارنة. ادت عملية الانبات الى زيادة تدريجية في نسبة البروتين ليصل اقصاه29.33 % في العدس و 26.73 % في الماش بعد ثلاثة ايام من الانبات, بينما انخفض الزيت والتانينات بتقدم الانبات . كما ادت عملية الانبات الى اختزال مثبطات التربسين بنسبة 14.3 % و 57.1 % و64.3 % بالعدس، ونسبة 23.5 % و47.1 % و 52.9 % بالماش, بينما انخفضت الفايتات بنسبة 21.4 % و 97.8 % و 100% بالعدس, وبلغت القيم المقابلة 54.73 % و 71.82 % و 67.37 % في الماش للمدد 1 و2 و3 ايام ,على التوالي
Preparation of Nanoliposomes Incorporated Leishmania donovani Antigens
Authors: Taha Ali A. , A. Rawaa Najim , A. Shaimaa yousif 
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to incorporate leishmania donovani antigens in nanoliposomes prepared by size exclusion (using Sephadex G25) and organic solvent (using Chloroform). Lipids mixture of 4Mm Phosphatidylcholine, 2.2mM Cholesterol and 0.55mM Phosphatidylethanolamine in a ratio of 7:2:1 was depended in two nanoliposome preparation methods. Physio-chemical characterizations of prepared nanoliposomes was performed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta Potential assays to determine the size, morphology, chemical active group and charge . Parasite reactivation was carried out when inoculated into RPMI and incubated at 23 ̊ C for 4 days. Soluble Leishmania Antigenes (SLAs) were extracted from the promastigotes ghost membrane after fourth passages of subculturing in SNB9. The extracted SLAs were entrapped in prepared. The percentage of nanoliposomes entrapment efficiency (EE) was 62 and 50 of SLAs for chloroform and Sephadex G25 methods, respectively. Moreover, stability of SLAs entrapped nanoliposomes at 4 and 37 ̊C, as storage temperature, was examined. The stability at 4 °C showed decreasing in EE to 32 and 16 %, while stability at 37 °C revealed decreasing in EE to 16 and 8 % within 12 days of storage for nanoliposomes prepared in both methods, respectively.
Effects of Hair dyes on Sequence Analysis of Hair Mitochondrial DNA Hypervariable Region 1
Authors: Al-summarraie Halah , Al-Zubaidi Mohammed , نعمة Dhuha  Salim , Hameed Sura Nabeel , Saleh Thooalnoon Younes , Al-rubai Haider , Zageer Dheaa Sh. , Bader Ala 
Published: November 2021

Hair can be a valuable source of DNA especially in forensic casework and for noninvasive studies of human, when blood samples not available. This study emphasizes the impact of hair dyes on DNA sequence analysis. Samples collected from forty Iraqi families; each sample was divided in to two parts hair follicles and hair shaft. DNA extracted by using two different techniques, Phenol-chloroform (organic) method and prepFiler forensic DNA extraction kit. After quantification of DNA by real time PCR to confirm the exact DNA yield, Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) hypervariable region 1 successfully amplified from (50% of samples include hair follicle and 20% samples include shaft only), which all extracted by organic method. Whereas by using prepFiler kit the ratio of amplification success reach to 95% of samples included hair follicles, but there wais no DNA outcome from hair shaft by using this kit. Our results demonstrate that treated hair by dyed or henna had a significant influence on the sequence analysis results. Organic method was an appropriate method for extraction DNA from hair shaft, since this method used for extracting the old and degraded samples. While prepFiler DNA extraction kit was more convenient for isolation DNA from, hair samples included follicles only with excellent result.
تأثير المياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا في صدفة قوقع المياه العذبة فايزا أكيوتا Physa acuta (Drapanoud, 1805)
Authors: Al-ibady Qater Al-Nada , Rasheed Khalid , A. Emaduldeen 
Published: November 2021

استعملت المياه المعالجة مغناطيسياً في العديد من المجالات البحثية والطبية والصناعية والزراعية وغيرها. لذا أجريت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على تأثير المياه المعاملة مغناطيسياً وبشدد مختلفة وهي 500 و 1000 و 1500 غاوس في بعض الجوانب الحياتية لقوقع المياه العذبة العراقية الذي يعد مكوناً مهماً في السلسلة الغذائية وهو Physa acuta (Drapanoud , 1805) وقورنت النتائج بتلك التي تعيش في مياه النهر غير المعاملة مغناطيسياً (السيطرة). جمعت عينات القواقع من جدول الخواجة في ناحية الإسكندرية – محافظة بابل باستعمال المغرفة العميقة. أظهرت الدراسة الحالية حصول زيادة معنوية في نمو الجسم للحيوانات قيد الدراسة ، كما زاد حجم الصدفة في القواقع فزاد معنوياً كل من طول (ارتفاع) الصدفة وطول فتحة الصدفة وعرض فتحة الصدفة وعرض الصدفة بزيادة الشدة المغناطيسية خصوصاً الشدة 1500 غاوس مقارنةً بتلك التي تعيش في مياه السيطرة. كما أظهرت تلك الدراسة حصول زيادة معنوية في قيم معدلات دليل نمو الصدفة لكل من القواقع المعاملة بمياه ممغنطة وبالشدد الثلاث والقواقع غير المعاملة ، ومنذ الاسبوع الاول من عمرها ولأخر اسبوع من حياتها. كذلك حصلت زيادة معنوية تدريجية في كل من قيم معدلات وزن القواقع المعاملة بالمياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا وبالشدد الثلاث مقارنة مع قواقع السيطرة ومنذ الاسبوع الاول للفقس ولأخر يوم من عمر هذه القواقع.
Molecular Identification of Staphylococcus spp Isolated from Clinical samples
Authors: Mohammad Taghreed Khudhur 
Published: November 2021

The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences has been the technique generally used to study and confirm the identification and taxonomy of staphylococci. However, bacterial species cannot always be distinguished from each other using cultural methods. Thus, clinical samples were collected from 190 cases only 31 positive for staphylococcal infections with Urinary Tract Infection, Wounds, Burns, Otitis media, diarrhea infections, were applied for microbiological analysis which include: cultures on Manitol salt agar and HiCrome UTI Agar medium all the isolates gave positive golden yellow and identify as Staphylococcus spp. DNA was extracted from Staphylococcus spp and the 16srRNA gene were amplified by using specific primer, then sequencing of nucleic acid of genes was performed by machine is AB13730XL, Applied Biosystem, Macro gen company, the DNA sequencing results of flank sense of 16srRNA gene from 31 strains of Staphylococcus was confirm the identification into species level: Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis And Staphylococcus sciuri. Analysis of the sequences appeared that there two substitution(Transversion, Transition) in the Staphylococcus aureus strains with Sequence ID LC090540.1 location at Range of nucleotide from 4 to 636, 100% compatibility with NCBI while no substitution appeared in the Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains which have the sequence ID LN998078.1, 99% compatibility with NCBI also the sequence ID KR812401.1 which related to the strain Staphylococcus sciuri not appeared any substitution after sequencing analysis. Types of substitution detected in partial 16srRNA gene in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 13 Transversion and 5 transition substitution location at range of nucleotide from 6 to 1026 have the Sequence ID KF575160.1 compared with data obtained from Gene Bank, these finding lead to conclusion, our assay allows rapid and confirm the detection to avoid possibility of misidentification of Staphylococcus species based on cultural analysis, the study aimed to propose the partial sequencing of the gene as an alternative molecular tool for the analysis of Staphylococcus species and for decreasing the possibility of misidentification. New submission of local Iraqi Staphylococcus clinical isolated during the current study show successfully record of four isolate Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus with GenBank accession number: KY938530.1 ,KY938529.1, ,KY938528.1, and GenBank: KY938527.1respectivelly.
Effect of aqueous extract of Rosemary officinalis on cytotoxicity of CCL4 induced albino male mice
Authors: Ibrahim Ruqaya M. 
Published: November 2021

This study focused the line on the effect of aqueous extract of Rosemary officinalis, as well as, effect of toxic compound CCL4, on micronucleus formation and mitotic index assay in albino male mice. This work started at September 2017 at Biotechnology Research center \Al-Nahrain University, by using 20 albino male mice. The result indicated that aqueous extract of rosemary caused significant increased in mitotic index and decrease micronucleus formation for two doses tested 50,100 mg/kg in comparison with negative and positive controls, also the results revealed that CCL4 showed significant mutagenic action on biological system of treated mice by increased frequency of micronucleus formation and decreased the percentage of mitotic index in bone marrow cells. Pre-and post –treatment between aqueous extract and CCL4 were also made. The results of pre and post treatment with rosemary extract were also caused a significant decreased in micronucleus formation and increase the percentage of mitotic index for two doses 50,100 mg/kg in comparison with its corresponding controls which caused increased in the frequencies of micronucleus formation and decrease the percentage of mitotic index in bone marrow cells. Conclusions: Rosemary officinalis enhanced immunity, reduced mutagenic effects against cytotoxicity of CCL4.
RAPD and ISSR analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from different sources
Authors: Hammadi Sawas Younus , Hussein Anmar Sael , Majeed Duha Mysire , Dheeb Batol  I. , Ismail Eman Noaman 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to isolate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae present on different fruits and performing RAPD and ISSR analyses to know the genetic interrelationship between different S. cerevisiae isolates. Some fruits namely apple, plum, dates, and peach were used as natural sources for S. cerevisiae isolation. The isolated S. cerevisiae was designated as SUC1, SUC2, SUC3, SUC4, SUC5 respectively. Amplicon fingerprints for the isolated species were obtained by RAPD assay using six different primers and ISSR assay using six different primers. RAPD assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.1559) between SUC2 and SUC3 isolates whereas ISSR assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.06899) between SUC4 and SUC5 isolates. Both genetic markers showed the highest genetic distance for SUC1 when compared to the other isolates.
The synergistic effect of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles with antibiotic against clinical isolates
Authors: Al-khafaji Marwa H. , Hashim Mohammed H. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a life threating problem and the need for an alternative is increasing worldwide.
Objective of this study is: Detecting the combination effect of AuNps with Amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC) antibiotic against antibiotic resistant clinical bacterial isolates.
Materials and methods: Gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized using food origin Citrobacter freundii isolate (C2) which was isolated from chicken meat samples by pour plate method and identified using cultural characteristics, biochemical tests and the identification to the species level was completed by Vitek-2 system and this identification was confirmed by sequencing of the 16 s r RNA. The biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles was optimized in order to achieve the finest AuNps with a diameter range (30-60) nm. and the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized by visual observation and then characterized using various characterization techniques: Uv-vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The combination effect of AuNps with AMC antibiotic was detected against clinical bacterial isolates.
Results: The results revealed the biosynthesized AuNPs were roughly spherical and poly-dispersed, and they were highly effective with concentration (62.5 µg/ml) that inhibit the bacterial growth, MIC values of AMC antibiotic against clinical isolates were determined as 500 µg/ml, while the combination of gold nanoparticles and AMC had wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against different isolates of the bacteria that used in this study.
Conclusion: There was a significant synergistic effect between the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles when used in combination with antibiotic where the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the combination (AuNps/AMC) were less than its concentration when each of them (AuNps) or (AMC) used separately.
Effect of tannic acid on urease and protease produced from Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Al-Zaidi Omar S. , Zwein Luma abd alhady 
Published: November 2021

Back ground: P.mirabilis is a gram negative bacterium, motile with its peritrichous flagella .Widely distributed in environment, especially in contaminated water and soil, Many virulence factors like LPS, urease, protease, hemolysin and biofilm formation play an important roles in the pathogenicity of P. mirabilis. Urease is a Nickel containing enzyme causes elevation of urine pH after hydrolyzing urea to ammonia and CO2 forming stones that blocks the urinary track.
Aims: The effect of tannic acid on the production of urease and protease.
Material and methods: Twenty one isolates of Proteus were collected from different sources, Clinical and animal sources all isolates were cultured on MacConkey and blood agar and identification of P. mirabilis by, Vitek -2 compact system. Determine the effect of tannic acid on the production of urease and protease.
Results: Twenty one isolates of Proteus were identified depending on Vitek-2 compact system, after identification, it turns out that only 18 isolate were P. mirabilis. All isolates were 100% able to produce urease and 72.2% isolate were able to produce protease. The addition of tannic acid showed an inhibitory effect on urease and protease production.
Conclusion: The effect of tannic acid on urease and protease depending on concentration, type of strain, incubation period, number of isolates and truculence of isolate.
Assessment of liver enzymes in saliva and serum of Iraqi patients with chronic periodontitis disease
Authors: Ridha Hussein SH. , Kadri Zahraa H.M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to assess of four liver enzymes, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT).
Material and Methods: Based on periodontal clinical parameters, sixty four patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and twenty four controls were enrolled in the study. Saliva and serum samples were collected and Automated Chemistry Analyzer AU 480 was employed to assess levels of enzymes. Results: Compared to healthy controls, the levels of the four enzymes were significant increased in serum of patients, especially in the severe group while in the saliva a significant increase observed only in the level of AST. Moreover, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) the levels of these enzymes in serum were significantly higher than those in saliva.
Conclusion: ALT, AST, ALP and GGT serum levels are suggested to be important indicators for disease progression as well as predict the liver health.
Screening for Cervical Cancer by Sequential Examination of the Cervix
Authors: Hassan Wassan N. , Hamed Roaa M. , Akram Wisam 
Published: November 2021

Background: cervical cancer carries a death sentence in the mind of every patient. Since it has a long history; it can be cured if caught early. Pap smear screening has been effective in reducing rates of cervical cancer, still, it has some draws back especially low sensitivity. The study aimed to increase the detection of Pap- tests by sequential examination of the cervix by Pap smear and colposcopy and to demonstrate the demographic criteria of those affected.
Material and method: A Comparative clinical study, conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in AL-Yarmouk hospital /Baghdad, Iraq from 2017-2018. One hundred sexually active female fits into our inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate after we explain it is aim, all participant filled a questioner sheet and were screened by Pap-smear then immediately by colposcopy exam.
Result: history of post-coital bleeding and bleeding on touch scored meaningful P-value<0.05, Pap-smear examination shows 20% as abnormal study stratified into 13/20 CIN I [Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm], 3/20 CIN II, 2/20 CIN III, and 2/20 malignant cases. The colposcopy exam showed 32/100 abnormal cases necessitating directed histological biopsies. Examination confirms 20/32 CIN I, 7/32 CIN II, 2/32 CIN III, and 3/32 cases with cervical malignancy.
Conclusions: cervical smear had specificity and positive predictive value of 100% yet it missed 11 cases diagnosed with colposcopy one was malignant. As a result, Pap-smear alone can detect up to 18% of the pre-cancerous lesion of the cervix, this figure increases to 29% when dumbing the results of the colposcopic directed biopsy. The sensitivity of the test was 62.5% with a false-negative percentage of 37.5%, having a total 88% accuracy rate and a negative predictive value of 85%, this study confirms the benefits of the combined method of screening and may be used to increase pap-smear sensitivity.
Himeneos pasados y futuros: Ifigenia en Táuride y Troyanas de Eurípides
Authors: Napoli Juan Tobías 
Published: November 2021

Entre las numerosas referencias que encontramos en las tragedias de Eurípides a los himeneos, intentaremos profundizar su significado literario en dos de sus obras: los himeneos recordados por las mujeres que forman el coro de Ifigenia en Táuride y los de Troyanas: los himeneos pasados y futuros de los que habla Hécuba, así como el himeneo inminente que Casandra ejecuta por anticipado, poniendo en obra la previsión de su madre. Muchos de los valores de estas celebraciones tienen que ver con el rito tradicional del matrimonio y frecuentemente han sido analizados desde esta perspectiva histórica. Sin embargo, intentaremos demostrar que el poeta los utiliza con un valor nuevo, literario, principalmente irónico o de contraste.
“Dionysos entre Bacchantes et Grenouilles”: petite histoire d’une dispute philologique, avec une proposition pour aller au-delà
Authors: Saetta Cottone Rossella 
Published: November 2021

Dès le début des années 60 du siècle dernier, plusieurs philologues se sont penchés sur la présence de parallélismes significatifs entre la représentation de Dionysos qu’offrent les Bacchantes d’Euripide et celle qui est au cœur des Grenouilles d’Aristophane, des parallélismes que la chronologie relative de ces deux pièces a sans doute contribué à souligner. Ces données ont été interprétées de différentes manières, étant le plus souvent mises sur le compte du mythe auquel les deux pièces se réfèrent ou de la parodie comique de la tragédie. Dans ce qui suit, je souhaite reconstituer les étapes principales de ce débat, tout en y apportant ma contribution. L’hypothèse que je soutiendrai est que les parallélismes identifiés par les chercheurs sont à comprendre dans le cadre d’une rivalité poétique inter-générique entre Euripide et Aristophane. Dans cette perspective, le fait que Dionysos soit le protagoniste des deux pièces ne peut pas être dissocié de sa fonction comme représentant de deux conceptions antagonistes du théâtre. Ces dernières s’expriment notamment par le moyen du travestissement dans le cadre des scénarios initiatiques qui concluent les Bacchantes et ouvrent les Grenouilles.
Long-term outcome and quality of life of dogs that developed neurologic signs after surgical treatment of a congenital portosystemic shunt: 50 cases (2005–2020)
Authors: Escribano Carrera Antía , Morrissey Anya M. , Lipscomb Victoria J. , Tivers Michael S. , Chan Alex , Lisa Pinel Pisco Vera , Anderson Davina M. , Fox-Alvarez William A. , Kirby DVM Barbara M. , de Rooster Hilde , Nurra Genziana , Yool Donald A. , Singh Ameet , Olive Melanie , Phillipe Billet Jean , Mullins Ronan A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine survival time and quality of life of dogs that developed postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after surgical treatment of a single congenital portosystemic shunt and survived at least 30 days and identify whether neurologic signs present at the time of discharge would resolve or reoccur.

ANIMALS
50 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and follow-up data relating to neurologic signs and seizure activity were obtained. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire related to the presence of neurologic signs, including seizures, and their dog’s quality of life.

RESULTS
Thirty of the 50 (60%) dogs had postattenuation seizures with or without other nonseizure neurologic signs, and 20 (40%) had neurologic signs other than seizures. Neurologic signs had fully resolved by the time of discharge in 24 (48%) dogs. Signs resolved in 18 of the remaining 26 (69%) dogs that still had PANS other than seizures at the time of discharge. Seizures reoccurred in 15 of the 30 dogs that had postattenuation seizures. Twenty-seven of 33 (82%) owners graded their dog’s long-term (> 30 days after surgery) quality-of-life as high. Forty-five (90%) dogs survived > 6 months. Most (29/43 [67%]) neurologic signs (other than seizures) present at the time of hospital discharge resolved.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings highlighted that survival times of > 6 months and a high QOL can be achieved in most dogs with PANS that survive at least 30 days. Most neurologic signs other than seizures resolved within 1 month postoperatively. Half of the dogs with postattenuation seizures had a reoccurrence.