bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the photon-photon resonance of DBR lasers using mode expansion method
Authors: Chen Da , Liu Ye , Yu Yonglin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A theoretical model based on the mode expansion of the traveling wave equations is developed to investigate the mode interaction processes behind the photon-photon resonance (PPR) effect in distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers. With dual-mode rate equations, strength of mode interactions is characterized by the cross power and the coupling factors, which arise from the non-orthogonality of the main mode and the PPR mode. Small signal analysis and large-signal dynamics are performed, and results indicate that the cross power is a key contributor to the PPR effect.
Effects of levamisole on haematological and oxidative stress parameters in packed donkeys
Authors: Okaiyeto Babatunde Folayemi , Sackey Anthony Kojo , Mohammed Abdullahi Koko , Aluwong Tangang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stress can be caused by psychological, physiological, environmental and physical factors. Strenuous exercise like packing in donkeys modifies haematologic parameters. The aim of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of levamisole on stress, in packed donkeys. 15 adult male donkeys aged between 4 – 5 years were selected for this study, divided into groups (A, B, C) of five donkeys each: Groups A and B donkeys were the apparently healthy group; while Group C donkeys were naturally infected with Strongyle spp. All the donkeys participated in load carrying (packing) of 40 kg for 10 km. Groups B and C were treated with levamisole at 7.5 mg/kg, while Group A received no treatment prior to packing. Blood was collected from all the groups for haemogram and oxidative stress biomarker analyses. No significant effect (P > 0.05) was observed between groups: A, B and C for: respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature; haemogram, and activities of malondialdehyde concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Erythrocyte membranes were osmotically stable at 0.5% NaCl in the treated group in comparison to the controls. Packing of donkeys for 10 km did not induce significant changes in vital parameters, haemogram and biomarkers of oxidative stress, but levamisole improved erythrocyte membrane stability. It was concluded that packing for 10 km did not induce any significant changes in blood cellular components and biomarker of oxidative stress, but levamisole improved erythrocyte membrane stability.
Conditionally Immortalised Equine Skeletal Muscle Cell Lines for in Vitro Analysis
Authors: Rooney Mary Francis , Neto Nuno , Monaghan Michael , Hill Emmeline , Porter Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThoroughbred racehorse performance is largely influenced by a major quantitative trait locus at the myostatin (MSTN) gene which determines aptitude for certain race distances due to a promoter region insertion mutation influencing functional phenotypes in skeletal muscle. To develop an in vitro system for functional experiments we established three novel equine skeletal muscle cell lines reflecting the variation in phenotype associated with MSTN genotype (CC/II, CT/IN and TT/NN for SNP g.66493737C>T/SINE insertion 227 bp polymorphism). Primary equine skeletal muscle myoblasts, isolated from Thoroughbred horse gluteus medius, were conditionally immortalised and evaluated to determine whether cell phenotype and metabolic function were comparable to functional characteristics previously reported for ex vivo skeletal muscle isolated from Thoroughbred horses with each genotype.ResultsPrimary myoblasts conditionally immortalized with the temperature sensitive SV40TtsA58 lentivirus vector successfully proliferated and could revert to their primary cell phenotype and differentiate into multinucleated myotubes. Skeletal muscle fibre type, MSTN gene expression, mitochondrial abundance, and mitochondrial function of the three MSTN genotype cell lines, were consistent with equivalent characterisation of ex vivo skeletal muscle samples with these genotypes. Furthermore, addition of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to the cell lines improved mitochondrial function, an observation consistent with ex vivo skeletal muscle samples with these genotypes following supplementation with CoQ10 in the diet. ConclusionsThe observation that the phenotypic characteristics and metabolic function of the cells lines are equivalent to ex vivo skeletal muscle indicates that this in vitro system will enable efficient and cost-effective analyses of equine skeletal muscle for a range of different applications including understanding metabolic function, testing of nutritional supplements, drug test development and gene doping test development. In the multi-billion-euro international Thoroughbred horse industry research advances in the biological function of skeletal muscle are likely to have considerable impact. Furthermore, this novel genotype-specific system may be adapted and applied to human biomedicine to improve understanding of the effects of myostatin in human physiology and medicine.
Robust Stability of Discrete-time Singularly Perturbed Systems with Nonlinear Perturbation
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yanyan , Wang Zhiming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the robust stability and stabilization problems of discrete-time singularly perturbed systems (DTSPSs) with nonlinear perturbations. A proper sufficient condition via the fixed-point principle is proposed to guarantee that the given system is in a standard form. Then, based on the singular perturbation approach, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based sufficient condition is presented such that the original system is standard and input-to-state stable (ISS) simultaneously. Thus, it can be easily verified for it only depends on the solution of an LMI. After that, for the case where the nominal system is unstable, the problem of designing a control law to make the resulting closed-loop system ISS is addressed. To achieve this, a sufficient condition is proposed via LMI techniques for the purpose of implementation. The criteria presented in this paper are independent of the small parameter and the stability bound can be derived effectively by solving an optimal problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results is illustrated by two numerical examples.
Development and Validation of a Competency-Based Education Model Suitable for Undergraduate Human Nutrition and Dietetics Training in Uganda: A Modified Delphi Process
Authors: Kikomeko Peterson Kato , Ochola Sophie , Kaaya Archileo N. , Ogada Irene , Birungi Tracy Lukiya , Nakitto Peace 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Competency-based education (CBE) equips health professionals with the requisite competencies for health systems performance. This study aimed to develop and validate a CBE model suitable for teaching Human Nutrition/Human Nutrition and Dietetics (HN/HND) at the undergraduate level in Uganda. Methods: The study was undertaken in two main phases, (1) competency needs assessment and (2) model development and content validation. The later had three iterative stages: a needs assessment results validation workshop; an expert focus group discussion to develop a draft CBE model framework; and consensus development-itself undertaken in two modified Delphi rounds to ascertain participant consensus on the relevance and suitability of the competency domains, subdomains, and statements comprised in the developed draft CBE framework for undergraduate HN/HND training in Uganda. In the modified Delphi process, participants indicated the degree to which they agreed or disagreed with each of the given statements on five-point Likert-type items of strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, and strongly agree as well as the level of training they recommended the given competency statement to be learned. The workshop had 31 participants, the focus group eight, while the first and second Delphi rounds had 70 and 55 participants respectively. Results: In total, seven competency domains, 24 subdomains, and 190 competency statements were developed. Content analysis and analysis of percentage responses for each competency statement were done with participant consensus set at ≥80%. All the seven domains (100%); 22 (91.7%) of the 24 subdomains; and 153 (87.9%) of the 174 analysed competency statements were evaluated as both relevant and suitable for undergraduate HN/HND training and hence included in the validated CBE model. Conclusion: This study evaluated the relevancy and suitability of seven competency domains prevention and management of malnutrition; nutrition in the lifecycle; food security, food safety, agriculture, and livelihoods promotion; ethics and professionalism in nutrition and dietetics; research and data analysis; policy, advocacy, and social and behaviour change communication; and nutrition leadership and management for undergraduate HN/HND training in Uganda. The study recommends translating the developed CBE model into a standard curriculum that can be taught and evaluated.
Potential Association of EEF1A Dimethylation at Lysine 55 in the Basal Area of Helicobacter Pylori-Eradicated Gastric Mucosa with the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Hirashita Yuka , Fukuda Masahide , Kodama Masaaki , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kawahara Yoshinari , Wada Yasuhiro , Togo Kazumi , Fukuda Kensuke , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Ogawa Ryo , Matsunari Osamu , Honda Koichi , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Although eradication therapy for chronic Helicobacter pylori reduces the risk of gastric cancer (GC), its effectiveness is incomplete. Therefore, it is critically important to identify those patients who remain at high risk after H. pylori eradication therapy. Accumulation of protein methylation is strongly implicated in cancer, and a recent study showed that dimethylation of eEF1A lysine 55 (eEF1AK55me2) promotes carcinogenesis in vivo. We aimed to investigate the relationship between eEF1A dimethylation and H. pylori status in gastric mucosa and to reveal potential downstream molecules of eEF1A dimethylation in H. pylori-eradicated mucosa.
Methods

Records of 115 patients (11 H. pylori-negative, 29 H. pylori-positive, 75 post-eradication patients) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. The eEF1A dimethyl level was evaluated in each functional cell type of gastric mucosa by immunofluorescent staining. We also investigated the relationship between eEF1AK55me2 downregulation by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Mettl13, which is known as a dimethyltransferase of eEF1AK55me2.
Results

The level of eEF1A dimethylation significantly increased in the surface and basal areas of H. pylori-positive mucosa compared with -negative mucosa (surface, p=0.0031; basal, p<0.0001). The eEF1A dimethyl levels in the surface area were significantly reduced by eradication therapy (p=0.005), but those in the basal area were maintained even after eradication therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that high dimethylation of eEF1A in the basal area of the mucosa was the independent factor related to GC incidence (odds ratio=3.6611, 95% confidence interval=1.0350–12.949, p=0.0441). We also showed the relationship between eEF1A dimethylation and expressions of reprogramming factors Oct4 and Nanog by immunohistochemistry and in vitro genome editing experiments.
Conclusions

The results indicated that H. pylori infection potently induced eEF1A dimethylation in gastric mucosa. The accumulation of dimethyl-eEF1A in the basal area of the mucosa might contribute to GC risk via regulation of reprograming factors in H. pylori-eradicated gastric mucosa.
Association of Hearing Loss With Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhao Ying , Zhao Guifeng , Jin Ling , Li Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are responsible for at least 20 % of diagnosed cases of dementia. It has been established that hearing loss is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. In this study, the association between hearing impairment and AD/VaD was determined in patients, as well as the characteristics of hearing loss in the two types of dementia.Methods: 70 participants comprising 30 subjects in control group, 20 patients in AD group, and 20 patients in VaD group, were recruited and assessed with respect to pure-tone audiometric test for peripheral auditory system. On admission, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, diabetes, stroke, family history, as well as levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Hearing loss results and other clinical indexes were analyzed, and their correlations with severity of dementia were determined.Results: Degree of hearing impairment and HbA1c level differed significantly between the AD and control groups. However, only age and degree of hearing impairment were positively correlated with grades of cognitive impairment in AD and control groups. Body mass index (BMI) and smoking history; HbA1c level, grades of cognitive impairment, and degree of hearing impairment, as well as related cognitive impairment, differed significantly between VaD and control groups. Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the degree of hearing impairment could be a predictor for grades of cognitive impairment in AD and VaD. Moreover, the degree of hearing loss in full band hearing was significantly higher in VaD group than in AD group.Conclusion: Hearing loss may be a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment in AD and VaD, two major types of dementia with different clinical characteristics. The clinical features of hearing loss in the two types dementia might be helpful in their diagnosis and treatment.
Dynamic Nonlinear Algebraic Models With Scale-Similarity Dynamic Procedure For Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulence
Authors: Yuan Zelong , Wang Yunpeng , Xie Chenyue , Wang Jianchun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A dynamic nonlinear algebraic model with scale-similarity dynamic procedure (DNAM-SSD) is proposed for subgrid-scale (SGS) stress in large-eddy simulation of turbulence. The model coefficients of the DNAM-SSD model are adaptively calculated through the scale-similarity relation, which greatly simplifies the conventional Germano-identity based dynamic procedure (GID). The a priori study shows that the DNAM-SSD model predicts the SGS stress considerably better than the conventional velocity gradient model (VGM), dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), dynamic mixed model (DMM) and DNAM-GID model at a variety of filter widths ranging from inertial to viscous ranges. The correlation coefficients of the SGS stress predicted by the DNAM-SSD model can be larger than 95% with the relative errors lower than 30%. In the a posteriori testings of LES, the DNAM-SSD model outperforms the implicit LES (ILES), DSM, DMM and DNAM-GID models without increasing computational costs, which only takes up half the time of the DNAM-GID model. The DNAM-SSD model accurately predicts plenty of turbulent statistics and instantaneous spatial structures in reasonable agreement with the filtered DNS data. These results indicate that the current DNAM-SSD model is attractive for the development of highly accurate SGS models for LES of turbulence.
Facile Synthesis of Tomato-Based Carbon Nanodots and Its Utilization in Sensitive Detection of Tartrazine
Authors: Liu Haijian , Li Zhenxiang , Zhang Wei , Liu Ying , Pan Rongkai , Huang Guofu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CDs) with superior fluorescence performance were obtained by hydrothermal method using tomatoes as raw materials. When the ultraviolet absorption band of tartrazine and the fluorescence spectrum of CDs have complementary overlaps, the fluorescent internal filter effect (IFE) occurred. Furthermore, the degree of quenching of fluorescence intensity of CDs has an excellent linear correlation with tartrazine concentration. And based on this principle, a method for detecting tartrazine was established. As the decrease of fluorescence intensity, tartrazine can be measured in the linear range of 0.1 μM ~ 40 μM. The detection limit is 39 nM, and the recovery rate is 90.7%~114.5%. The established protocol was also effectively employed to assay tartrazine in beverage samples, indicating that it has great potential for food color analysis.
Caloric Restriction Overcomes Pre-Diabetic and Hypertension Induced by High Fat Diet and Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Faria Michelle SSN , Pimentel Vinicius E , Helaehil Júlia l Venturini , Bertolo Mayara Correa , Santos Nathalia Tonus Horas , Silva-Neto Pedro Vieira , Thomazini Bruna Fontana , Oliveira Camila Andrea , Amaral Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention that is essential in weight loss through modulation of critical pathways of metabolic control; however, it is not yet clear what this intervention results to in association with renovascular hypertension.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, and two groups that underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery and induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was as follows: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR, 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high-fat diet + 4 weeks 40% calorie-restricted high-fat diet. Results: Rats in the OHR group had decreased blood pressure, body weight, and glucose levels. Reductions in insulinemia and in lipid and islet fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed, along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of insulin-degrading enzyme levels. The expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), insulin receptor (IR), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and complex II proteins were increased in the liver tissue of the OHR group. Strong correlations, whether positive or negative, were evaluated via Spearman’s model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-1α, and NNMT expressions with the restoration of normal blood pressure, weight loss, glycemic and lipid panel, and mitochondrial adaptation. Conclusion: CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover the physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can provide physiological benefits in the long term.
Land use and land cover change-induced landscape dynamics: a geospatial study of Durgapur Sub-Division, West Bengal (India).
Authors: Patra Sribas , Gavsker Kapil Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the factors and process of change in the land use and land cover change-induced landscape dynamics in the Durgapur Sub-Division region of West Bengal in 1989, 2003, and 2018 by employing the satellite imageries of Landsat 5 (1989 and 2003) and Landsat 8 (2018). The images of the study area were categorized into seven specific land use classes with the help of Google Earth Pro. Based on the supervised classification methodology, the change detection analysis identified a significant increase in built-up land from 11% to 23% between 1989 and 2003 and from 23% to 29% in 2003 and 2018. The areas under fallow land and vegetation cover have mainly decreased, while the areas of industrial activities and urbanization expanded during the study period.
A Mouse Model with Widespread Expression of the C9orf72-Linked Glycine-Arginine Dipeptide Displays Non-Lethal ALS/FTD-Like Phenotypes
Authors: Verdone Brandie Morris , Cicardi Maria Elena , Wen Xinmei , Sriram Sindhu , Russell Katelyn , Markandaiah Shashirekha S , Jensen Brigid K , Krishnamurthy Karthik , Haeusler Aaron , Pasinelli Piera , Trotti Davide 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Translation of the hexanucleotide G4C2 expansion associated with C9orf72 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS/FTD) produces five different dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) species that can confer toxicity. Yet, there is much to learn about the contribution of DPRs to disease pathogenesis, as not all DPRs function and localize within cells in the same manner, nor are they all the same repeat length. These phenomena create a heterogeneity that confounds the study of their toxic consequences. Methods: In vitro transfection of different lengths of the toxic DPR glycine-arginine (poly-GR) was used to determine a relevant pathogenic length for in vivo assessment. We then generated a novel transgenic mouse expressing poly-GR under a ubiquitous promoter for histological characterization and assessment of motor and cognitive behaviors. Results: We identify a short repeat length in vitro that, when expressed, correlates with a reduction in cell survival over an extended period. In vivo, we observe sex-specific chronic ALS/FTD-like phenotypes in our transgenic mice expressing the same short-length DPR, including mild motor neuron loss, but no TDP-43 mis-localization, as well as motor and cognitive impairments. Despite the chronic phenotype, survival of these animals is not affected over 12 months. Conclusions: We show that a short repeat length is sufficient for the DPR poly-GR to confer neurotoxicity in vitro, a phenomenon previously unobserved. This toxicity is reported in vivo in our novel knock-in mouse model characterized by widespread central nervous system (CNS) expression of the short-length poly-GR. We conclude that this short length poly-GR induces a chronic, but non-lethal phenotype in our mouse model and suggest that this model can serve as the foundation for phenotypic exacerbation through second-hit forms of stress.
High-entropy Rare-earth Zirconate Ceramics With Low Thermal Conductivity for Advanced Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Xu Baosehng , LIU Debao , SHI Baolu , GENG Liyan , WANG Yiguang , XU Baosheng , Chen Yanfei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have successfully fabricated a novel high-entropy rare-earth zirconate (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 (5RE2Zr2O7) ceramics and its counterparts by using a new high-speed grinding strategy combined with typical solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated that the as-prepared 5RE2Zr2O7 ceramics performed single-phase defect fluorite-type structures with highly sintering resistant and excellent thermal stability. The possibility of formation of 5RE2Zr2O7 was verified via first-principles calculations. Meanwhile, the phase structure, thermophysical and mechanical properties of the samples were systematically investigated. The results showed that the 5RE2Zr2O7 ceramics demonstrated lower thermal conductivity (0.9-1.72 W·m-1·K-1) and higher thermal expansion coefficients (10.9 × 10-6 K-1 at 1273 K) than its counterparts. Furthermore, the 5RE2Zr2O7 ceramics presented outstanding mechanical properties including large Young’s modulus (186-257 GPa), higher fracture toughness and lower brittleness index than that of YSZ. Therefore, in view of various excellent properties, the as-prepared 5RE2Zr2O7 ceramics possess great potential for applications in the field of thermal barrier coatings.