bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Electrochemical Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Black and Glyceline Deep Eutectic Solvent within a Crosslinked Chitosan Film for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Diclofenac
Authors: Piton Gabriela R. , Augusto Karen K. L. , Wong Ademar , Moraes Fernando C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlyceline, reline, or ethaline deep eutectic solvents and carbon black nanoparticles within a crosslinked chitosan film are investigated as glassy carbon electrode modifiers for the first time. The selected 5 mg mL−1 glyceline modified GCE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and diclofenac by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) presented limits of detection of 2.6×10−8 and 5.2×10−8 mol L−1 for acetaminophen and diclofenac, respectively, in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by HPLC at a confidence level of 95 %.
Modelling sediment (dis)connectivity across a river network to understand locational‐transmission‐filter sensitivity for identifying hotspots of potential geomorphic adjustment
Authors: Khan Sana , Fryirs Kirstie , Bizzi Simone 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRivers act as ‘jerky conveyor belts’ that transmit fluxes of flow and sediment downstream. This transmission of fluxes can be highly variable within a drainage basin resulting in either abrupt or gradational sediment (dis)connectivity patterns and processes. This study assesses sediment (dis)connectivity across a basin as a means to understand the locational, transmission and filter sensitivity properties of a fluvial system. Drawing upon the case study of Richmond River Catchment, New South Wales, Australia we use the concepts of effective catchment area and buffers, along with graph theory and an empirical sediment transport model CASCADE (Catchment Sediment Connectivity and Delivery), to assess (1) the degree to which modelled sediment cascades along the river network are connected or disconnected (2) how the position, pattern and configuration of (dis)connection facilitates or restricts geomorphic adjustment in different parts of a catchment, and (3) use the findings as a basis to explain the locational‐transmission‐filter sensitivity of the catchment. We use this analysis to segregate supply limited and transport limited reaches and identify various controls on sediment dynamics: in‐stream sediment storage units, junctions between different geomorphic river types, tributary confluences and sediment storage units within partly confined floodplain units. Such analysis lays the foundation for network scale identification of potential hotspots of geomorphic adjustment.
Do we need to reclassify the social systems of gregarious apes?
Authors: Grueter Cyril C. , Wilson Michael L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDecades of research have led to a solid understanding of the social systems of gregarious apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and gibbons. As field studies have increasingly collected data from multiple neighboring habituated groups, genetic and social interconnections have been revealed. These findings provide a more nuanced picture of intergroup relations in apes, and have led to claims in the literature that some ape taxa have multilevel societies. A multilevel society is defined as a nested collection of social entities comprising at least two discernible levels of social integration between the individual and the population. We argue that the evidence for multilevel sociality sensu stricto in apes is currently inconclusive and that it is premature to abandon the traditional classification of ape social systems. However, available findings appear to be consistent with the existence of some degree of higher social grouping patterns. We propose the termsupra‐group organizationwhich may adequately capture ape social systems when viewed from a top‐down perspective.
Remote research methods for Human–AI–Robot Teaming
Authors: Lematta Glenn J. , Corral Christopher C. , Buchanan Verica , Johnson Craig J. , Mudigonda Anagha , Scholcover Federico , Wong Margaret E. , Ezenyilimba Akuadasuo , Baeriswyl Manuel , Kim Jimin , Holder Eric , Chiou Erin K. , Cooke Nancy J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on methodological adaptations and considerations for remote research on Human–AI–Robot Teaming (HART) amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. Themes and effective remote research methods were explored. Central issues in remote research were identified, such as challenges in attending to participants' experiences, coordinating experimenter teams remotely, and protecting privacy and confidentiality. Instances of experimental design overcoming these challenges were identified in methods for recruitment and onboarding, training, team task scenarios, and measurement. Three case studies are presented in which interactive in‐person testbeds for HART were rapidly redesigned to function remotely. Although COVID‐19 may have temporarily constrained experimental design, future HART studies may adopt remote research methods to expand the research toolkit.
The sensitivity of runoff generation to spatial snowpack uniformity in an alpine watershed: Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge Long‐Term Ecological Research station
Authors: Badger Andrew M. , Bjarke Nels , Molotch Noah P. , Livneh Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeasonal water storage in high‐elevation alpine catchments are critical sources of water for mountainous regions like the western U.S. The spatial distribution of snow in these topographically complex catchments is primarily governed by orography, solar radiation, and wind redistribution. While the effect of solar shading is relatively consistent from year‐to‐year, the redistribution of snow due to wind is more variable – capable of producing snowpacks that have varying degrees of uniformity across these hydrologically‐important catchments. A reasonable hypothesis is that a warmer climate will cause snowfall to become more dense (i.e. wetter and heavier), possibly leading to less wind redistribution and thus produce a more uniformly distributed snowpack across the landscape. In this study, we investigate the role of increasingly uniform spatial snowpack distributions on streamflow generation in the Green Lakes Valley Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research station, within the headwaters of the Boulder Creek watershed in Colorado. A set of idealized hydrologic simulation experiments driven by reconstructed snowpacks spanning 2001–2014 show that more a more uniform spatial snowpack distribution leads to an earlier melt‐out of 31 days on average and tends to produce less total streamflow, with maximum decreases as large as 7.5%. Isolating the role of snowpack heterogeneity from melt‐season precipitation, we find that snowpack uniformity reduces total streamflow by as much as 13.2%. Reductions in streamflow are largely explained by greater exposure to solar radiation in the uniformly distributed case relative to a more heterogeneous snowpack, with this exposure driving shifts towards earlier snowmelt and changes in soil water storage. Overall, we find that the runoff efficiency from shallower snowpacks is more sensitive to the effects of uniformity than deeper snowpacks, which has potential implications for a warming climate where shallower snowpacks and enhanced sensitivities may be present.
Is the soil moisture precipitation feedback enhanced by heterogeneity and dry soils? A comparative study
Authors: Graf Maximilian , Arnault Joël , Fersch Benjamin , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere is a crucial driver of atmospheric processes. Soil moisture and precipitation are key components in this feedback. Both variables are intertwined in a cycle, that is, the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for which involved processes and interactions are still discussed. In this study the soil moisture – precipitation feedback is compared for the sempiternal humid Ammer catchment in Southern Germany and for the semiarid to subhumid Sissili catchment in West Africa during the warm season, using precipitation datasets from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), from the German Weather Service (REGNIE) and simulation datasets from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the hydrologically enhanced WRF‐Hydro model. WRF and WRF‐Hydro differ by their representation of terrestrial water flow. With this setup we want to investigate the strength, sign and variables involved in the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for these two regions. The normalized model spread between the two simulation results shows linkages between precipitation variability and diagnostic variables surface fluxes, moisture flux convergence above the surface and convective available potential energy in both study regions. The soil moisture – precipitation feedback is evaluated with a classification of soil moisture spatial heterogeneity based on the strength of the soil moisture gradients. This allows us to assess the impact of soil moisture anomalies on surface fluxes, moisture flux convergence, convective available potential energy and precipitation. In both regions the amount of precipitation generally increases with soil moisture spatial heterogeneity. For the Ammer region the soil moisture – precipitation feedback has a weak negative sign with more rain near drier patches while it has a positive signal for the Sissili region with more rain over wetter patches. At least for the observed moderate soil moisture values and the spatial scale of the Ammer region, the spatial variability of soil moisture is more important for surface‐atmosphere interactions than the actual soil moisture content. Overall, we found that soil moisture heterogeneity can greatly affect the soil moisture – precipitation feedback.
With Liberty and Black Linguistic Justice for All: Pledging Allegiance to Anti‐Racist Language Pedagogy
Authors: McMurtry Teaira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article makes a case for why Black Language (BL) must be a part of teachers’ conceptualizations of multilingualism in U.S. contexts. BL is a living linguistic legacy, an embodiment of Black culture, and much more than simply a list of distinct grammatical features. For teachers to move toward dispositions and language and literacy pedagogical practices that are inclusive, just, and anti‐racist, they must become aware of and interrogate their real trouble with BL through guided and continuous critical, introspective, and reflexivity. After providing a brief linguistic understanding of BL, the author describes what happens when Black adolescents and adults discover that their language has a name, a rich history, and global influence‐‐it marks the onset of their Black Linguistic Consciousness‐raising (Baker‐Bell, 2020). The article ends with recommendations and resources for how teachers can start and continue to stand for anti‐racist linguistic justice in the classroom contexts and beyond.
Dynamic evaluation of job search assistance
Authors: Kastoryano Stephen , van der Klaauw Bas 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper evaluates a job search assistance program for unemployed teachers where the assignment to the program is dynamic. We discuss the methodology of estimating dynamic treatment effects and identification conditions. In the empirical analysis, we use administrative data from a unique institutional environment in which we observe all variables determining assignment to the job search assistance program. This allows us to compare results from a dynamic discrete‐time evaluation model and a continuous‐time duration model. All approaches show that participation in the job search assistance program reduces exit rates from unemployment, in particular when starting the program early during the spell of unemployment. The discrete‐time approach makes less strict parametric assumptions, but the results are sensitive to the choice of control group and the unit of time.
Hybrid interpenetrating hydrogel network favoring the bidirectional migration of tenocytes for rotator cuff tendon regeneration
Authors: Thankam Finosh G. , Diaz Connor , Chandra Isaiah , Link Josh , Newton Joseph , Dilisio Matthew F. , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReplenishment of tenocytes to the injury site is an ideal strategy to improve healing response and accelerate the tendon ECM regeneration. The present study focused on the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid hydrogel scaffold system poly(propylene‐fumarate)‐alginate‐polyvinyl alcohol‐acrylic acid (PAPA) using poly(propylene‐fumarate) (PPF), alginate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylic acid and the in vitro investigation of bidirectional mobility of swine shoulder tenocytes (SST) for its potential application in rotator‐cuff tendon regeneration. IR analysis revealed the presence of alginate, PPF and PVA segments on the surface, SEM and AFM analyses revealed the porous and nano‐topographical features of PAPA, respectively, swelling was 712.6 ± 84.21% with the EWC (%) of 87.59 ± 1.26 having the diffusional exponent and swelling constant 0.551 and 1.8, respectively. PAPA was biodegradable, cytocompatible and supported long‐term survival of SSTs. SEM imaging revealed the adhesion, colonization, and sheet formation of SSTs within the PAPA hydrogel network. The SSTs seeded on the PAPA scaffolds were peculiar for their bidirectional migration as the anterograde movement was completed in 9 days whereas the retrograde infiltration occurred up to the depth of 198 μm. These findings suggest the promising translational potential of PAPA scaffold system in the management of rotator cuff tendon injury.
Novel neutrophil phenotypic signature in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Nichols Blake E , Hook Jessica S , Weng Kayson , Ahn Chul , Moreland Jessica G 
Published: August 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic inflammatory condition sometimes complicated by acute diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A subset of patients with T1D develop DKA independent of known risk factors. This study tested the hypothesis that circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from children with T1D and DKA would exhibit a primed phenotype and that the signature would be unique in patients predisposed to have DKA. Using a prospective cohort study design, neutrophil phenotype was assessed in 30 patients with T1D seen in endocrinology clinic for routine care, 30 patients with acute DKA, and 36 healthy donors. Circulating PMN from patients with DKA display a primed phenotype with increased basal cell-surface CD11b, l-selectin shedding, and enhanced fMLF-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, PMN from T1D patients both with and without DKA lack the capacity to be further primed by incubation with TNF-α, a classic priming stimulus. Primed PMN phenotypic signatures demonstrated are independent of hemoglobin A1c, the premier biological marker for DKA risk, and are consistent with a hyperinflammatory state. A single nucleotide polymorphism in TLR-1 (1805G&gt;T), known to be associated with a hyperinflammatory PMN phenotype, correlated with DKA. This study elucidated a novel phenotypic signature in circulating PMN from children with T1D with and without DKA, and suggests the possibility of a previously unrecognized PMN phenotype with potential clinical implications. Immunophenotype and genotype may be applicable as biomarkers for DKA risk stratification in patients with T1D.
PHA granule formation and degradation by Cupriavidus necator under different nutritional conditions
Authors: Nygaard Daiana , Yashchuk Oxana , Hermida Élida B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polymers produced by microorganisms with increasing commercialization potential; Cupriavidus necator has been the model microorganism to research PHA production. Despite many contributions concerning the formation and degradation of PHA granules, as well as the morphological changes in cells, these phenomena have not been univocally explained yet. Thus, this study aims to integrate the microscopic and analytical analysis to characterize changes in bacterial cell/PHA granules morphology, PHA content, and yield coefficients under different cultivation strategies of C. necator ATCC 17697. The cell size and morphology, granule size and amount, residual biomass, and PHA concentration along the fermentation and degradation depend greatly on nutritional conditions and cultivation time of C. necator. It was proposed to calculate a yield coefficient for the residual biomass production in the PHA utilization stage, related to the bacteria's ability to survive without a carbon source in the culture medium by utilizing the accumulated PHA previously. Maximum granule length reached 1.07 µm after 72 h of PHA accumulation stage under optimum nutritional conditions. This value is twice the values previously reported for C. necator. It is important since the larger PHA granules facilitate the recovery of PHA and different application development.
Microbial community structure, co‐occurrence network and fermentation characteristics of woody plant silage
Authors: Du Zhumei , Lin Yanli , Sun Lin , Yang Fuyu , Cai Yimin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFeed shortage is a factor restricting animal production in the tropics, therefore how to use natural woody plant resources as animal feed is an important strategy.RESULTSUnder the dual stress of an anaerobic and acidic environment, the microbial response during the fermentation of paper mulberry (PM) silage was found to be sensitive. The Gram‐negative bacteria and mould died, and the dominant microbial community rapidly shifted to Gram‐positive bacteria, resulting in a large reduction in microbial diversity and abundance. Exogenous bran additives interfered with the stress effects of the woody silage environment. Wheat bran (WB) accelerated the response of microorganisms to the anaerobic stress, and lactic acid bacteria became the dominant microbial community, thereby enhancing the lactic acid fermentation of silage, affecting the metabolic pathways of microorganisms, and improving the flavour and quality of the silage. Addition of rice bran made Enterobacter and Clostridium species quickly respond to the stress of the silage environment and become the predominant bacterial groups. In particular, anaerobic and spore‐forming Clostridium species showed a strong tolerance to the silage environment, leading to butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation of the silage, and reducing its fermentation quality.CONCLUSIONThe PacBio single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) sequencing technology accurately revealed the microbial co‐occurrence network and fermentation mechanism of silage. Our results indicate that PM can be used in combination with WB to prepare high‐quality silage for animal production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Separation and characterization of phenylamides fromPiper kadsurausing preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dai Zhuoshun , Jiang Dasen , Dai Yingping , Han Rongrong , Fu Qing , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA preparative supercritical fluid chromatography method for the separation ofPiper kadsuraobtained five phenylamide compounds, which had the same structural skeleton, but changed in the number and position of methoxyl substituents. To improve the separation selectivity of these structural analogues, silica, phenyl, and chiral stationary phases were screened. Only through the combination of Chiral C and phenyl columns could the separation of the five phenylamides be solved. The two‐step strategy using preparative supercritical fluid chromatography presented good orthogonality that ensured the purity of the phenylamides. Then, an ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography hyphened tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, and the fragmentation pattern of phenylamides was summarized. It mainly cleaved in the amide bond to produce the fragment ion, which could help to judge the substituent positions. Twenty‐eight possible molecular weights of hydroxyl and methoxyl substituted phenylamides were calculated and screened. Nine compounds were extracted in three [M + H]+ions atm/z284.13, 314.13, and 344.13, including five purified compounds and the other four positional ortrans‐cisphenylamide isomers in low content. The methods developed in this research were useful in the separation and characterization of phenylamide analogues.
Subglottic Mucosal Flap: Endoscopic Single‐Stage Reconstruction for Anterior Glottic Stenosis
Authors: Lahav Yonatan , Warman Meir , Halperin Doron , Cohen Oded , Shapira‐Galitz Yael , Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisAnterior glottic stenosis (AGS) results from surgical intervention, carcinoma, papillomatosis, congenital, or idiopathic causes. It may be present as elastic web or fibrotic scar. It impairs vocal function and glottic airway. Reconstructive options include resection and placement of a keel or glottic web‐based mucosal flaps to prevent restenosis. These methods may not be sufficient for reconstructing a thick anterior scar and may require multiple interventions. The aim of the study was to describe the anterior subglottic mucosal flap (ASGMF), a one‐stage, keel‐free technique for AGS repair.Study DesignA retrospective cohort.MethodsPatients with AGS were operated using the ASGMF between 2017 and 2020. The stenotic segment was excised, and then an ASGMF was developed. A unilateral oblique incision was performed to allow rotation and advancement of the flap toward the contralateral vocal fold. The flap was sutured to the mucosal edge of the vocal fold to create mucosal continuity and prevent restenosis. Vocal fold length ratio (VFLR), which is between the free part and the total vocal fold length, as well as stroboscopic measures, were calculated before and after surgery.ResultsTwelve patients were enrolled. Etiologies were iatrogenic, dysplasia, papillomatosis, carcinoma, and congenital. Average VFLR improved from 0.33 to 0.87 (P‐value < .0001). Median amplitude and mucosal wave propagation improved from 12.3% and 9.5% to 28.6% and 22.7%, respectively (P‐values = .0278, .0385). Phase symmetry improved from 24.5% to 60.9% (P‐value = .0413). No complications were encountered.ConclusionsASGMF for AGS is an effective surgical procedure, allowing for one stage, keel‐free reconstruction of the anterior commissure. ASGMF can significantly elongate the free portion of the vocal folds and improve vibratory function.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 132:612–618, 2022