bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel optical technology based on 690 nm and 850 nm wavelengths to assist needle thoracostomy
Authors: Lee Chien-Ching , Chuang Chia-Chun , Lu Chin-Li , Lai Bo-Cheng , So Edmund Cheung , Lin Bor-Shyh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of pneumothorax diagnosis via handheld ultrasound is low, and there is no equipment suitable for use with life-threatening tension pneumothorax in a prehospital setting. This study proposes a novel technology involving optical fibers and near-infrared spectroscopy to assist in needle thoracostomy decompression. The proposed system via the optical fibers emitted dual wavelengths of 690 and 850 nm, allowing distinction among different layers of tissue in vivo. The fundamental principle is the modified Beer–Lambert law (MBLL) which is the basis of near-infrared tissue spectroscopy. Changes in optical density corresponding to different wavelengths (690 and 850 nm) and hemoglobin parameters (levels of Hb and HbO2) were examined. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in parameter estimates among tissue layers; all p-values were < 0.001 relevant to 690 nm and 850 nm. In comparisons of Hb and HbO2 levels relative to those observed in the vein and artery, all p-values were also < 0.001. This study proposes a new optical probe to assist needle thoracostomy in a swine model. Different types of tissue can be identified by changes in optical density and hemoglobin parameters. The aid of the proposed system may yield fewer complications and a higher success rate in needle thoracostomy procedures.
Interface atom mobility and charge transfer effects on CuO and Cu2O formation on Cu3Pd(111) and Cu3Pt(111)
Authors: Tsuda Yasutaka , Gueriba Jessiel Siaron , Makino Takamasa , Diño Wilson Agerico , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Okada Michio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe bombarded $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pd}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Pd

(
111
)

and $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pt}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Pt

(
111
)

with a 2.3 eV hyperthermal oxygen molecular beam (HOMB) source, and characterized the corresponding (oxide) surfaces with synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SR-XPS). At $$300\,\text{K}$$

300

K

, CuO forms on both $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pd}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Pd

(
111
)

and $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pt}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Pt

(
111
)

. When we increase the surface temperature to $$500\,\text{K}$$

500

K

, $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{2}\text{O}$}$$

Cu
2

O

also forms on $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pd}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Pd

(
111
)

, but not on $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pt}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Pt

(
111
)

. For comparison, $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{2}\text{O}$}$$

Cu
2

O

forms even at $$300\,\text{K}$$

300

K

on Cu(111). On $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Au}(111)$}$$

Cu
3

Au

(
111
)

, $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{2}\text{O}$}$$

Cu
2

O

forms only after $$500\,\text{K}$$

500

K

, and no oxides can be found at $$300\,\text{K}$$

300

K

. We ascribe this difference in Cu oxide formation to the mobility of the interfacial species (Cu/Pd/Pt) and charge transfer between the surface Cu oxides and subsurface species (Cu/Pd/Pt).
A new congenital cleft palate New Zealand rabbit model for surgical research
Authors: Liu Haoyue , Pu Lingling , Tsauo Chialing , Wang Xiaoming , Zheng Qian , Shi Bing , Li Chenghao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCleft palate repair is a challenging procedure for cleft surgeons to teach, and in research, it can be difficult to evaluate different techniques and develop new treatments. In this study, a congenital cleft palate New Zealand rabbit model has been described and could be beneficial in future studies concerning cleft palate repair. Pregnant New Zealand rabbits received 1.0 mg dexamethasone injection intramuscularly once a day from the 13th gestation day (GD13) to GD16. On GD31. Newborn rabbits were delivered by cesarean sections, fed with a standardized gastric tube feeding method, and divided into two groups. The rate of survival and the incidence of cleft palate was calculated. Weight, appearance, behavior, maxillary occlusal view, and regional anatomic and histological comparisons were recorded within 1 month after birth. Infants from the two groups with similar physiological conditions were selected for continuous maxillofacial and mandibular Micro-CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis. Ten pregnant rabbits gave birth to 48 live infants. The survival and cleft palate rates were 65.6% and 60.4% respectively. Both groups survived over 1 month with no difference in weight, appearance, and behavior. The cleft type was stable, and anatomical defects, histological characteristics, and nasal-maxillary abnormalities of the cleft were similar to those of humans. There was no statistically significant difference in maxillary and mandible development between the two groups within one month after birth. This congenital cleft palate model is considered to have more research possibilities with efficient cleft induction, reliable feeding methods, stable anatomical defects, and maxillofacial development similar to those seen in humans.
G-quadruplex binding properties of a potent PARP-1 inhibitor derived from 7-azaindole-1-carboxamide
Authors: Dallavalle Sabrina , Musso Loana , Artali Roberto , Aviñó Anna , Scaglioni Leonardo , Eritja Ramon , Gargallo Raimundo , Mazzini Stefania 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP) are key proteins involved in DNA repair, maintenance as well as regulation of programmed cell death. For this reason they are important therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Recent studies have revealed a close interplay between PARP1 recruitment and G-quadruplex stabilization, showing that PARP enzymes are activated upon treatment with a G4 ligand. In this work the DNA binding properties of a PARP-1 inhibitor derived from 7-azaindole-1-carboxamide, (2-[6-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-phenyl)-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl]-acetamide, compound 1) with model duplex and quadruplex DNA oligomers were studied by NMR, CD, fluorescence and molecular modelling. We provide evidence that compound 1 is a strong G-quadruplex binder. In addition we provide molecular details of the interaction of compound 1 with two model G-quadruplex structures: the single repeat of human telomeres, d(TTAGGGT)4, and the c-MYC promoter Pu22 sequence. The formation of defined and strong complexes with G-quadruplex models suggests a dual G4 stabilization/PARP inhibition mechanism of action for compound 1 and provides the molecular bases of its therapeutic potential.
Fundamental switched MW‐size multilevel converter for large‐scale solar PV plant
Authors: Karmakar Subir , Mishra Nidhi , Yadav Shivam Kumar , Singh Bhim 
Published: February 2021

The requirement of high power (MW‐size) power conditioning unit (PCU) has increased to minimise the plant balance of system cost due to a continuous increase in solar photovoltaic (PV) plant capacity. Traditionally used high‐frequency pulse‐width modulated two/three‐level PCUs have high device switching losses and lower conversion efficiency and are not suitable for high power PCU application as high switching losses lead to high heat generation within the converter, which is very difficult to manage, and lower conversion efficiency leads to less revenue realisation. In the present work, fundamental switching selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulated 11‐level cascaded H‐bridge voltage source converter is utilised for high power MW‐size PCU application, as it has lower switching losses, higher conversion efficiency, and higher AC/DC voltage ratio. The PV plant configuration for a 40 MW (AC) capacity is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and implemented in real‐time simulator OPAL‐RT to validate the design and control. Harmonics, steady‐state, and dynamic performances are demonstrated at constant and changing solar irradiance levels. The converter conduction and switching losses and conversion efficiency at different loading conditions are presented. The converter control with the capacitor voltage balancing method for fundamental switched SHE is presented in detail.
Signatures of ubiquitous magnetic reconnection in the deep atmosphere of sunspot penumbrae
Authors: Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M. , Joshi Jayant , Henriques Vasco M. J. , Bose Souvik 
Published: February 2021

Context. Ellerman bombs are regions with enhanced Balmer line wing emission and mark magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere in active regions and the quiet Sun. They are often found in regions where opposite magnetic polarities are in close proximity. Recent high-resolution observations suggest that Ellerman bombs are more prevalent than previously thought.
Aims. We aim to determine the occurrence of Ellerman bombs in the penumbra of sunspots.
Methods. We analyzed high spatial resolution observations of sunspots in the Balmer Hα and Hβ lines as well as auxiliary continuum channels obtained with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and applied the k-means clustering technique to systematically detect and characterize Ellerman Bombs.
Results. Features with all the defining characteristics of Ellerman bombs are found in large numbers over the entire penumbra. The true prevalence of these events is only fully appreciated in the Hβ line due to the highest spatial resolution and lower chromospheric opacity. We find that the penumbra hosts some of the highest Ellerman bomb densities, surpassed only by the moat in the immediate surroundings of the sunspot. Some penumbral Ellerman bombs show flame morphology and rapid dynamical evolution. Many penumbral Ellerman bombs are fast moving with typical speed of 3.7 km s−1 and sometimes more than 10 km s−1. Many penumbral Ellerman bombs migrate from the inner to the outer penumbra over hundreds of km, and some continue moving beyond the outer penumbral boundary into the moat. Many penumbral Ellerman bombs are found in the vicinity of regions with opposite magnetic polarity.
Conclusions. We conclude that reconnection is a near continuous process in the low atmosphere of the penumbra of sunspots that manifest in the form of penumbral Ellerman bombs. These are so prevalent that they may be a major sink of sunspot magnetic energy.
Technological options towards a carbon neutral town in central Italy
Authors: Bartolini Andrea , Salvi Danilo , Pelagalli Leonardo , Caresana Flavio , Comodi Gabriele 
Published: February 2021

The paradigm of highly integrated cross sector energy systems grants several opportunities for welcoming high shares of renewable energy sources in meeting the energy demands of current urban districts. A key asset towards such challenge lies in the progressive deployment of more distributed energy systems, achieving configurations tailored to the needs of the local communities lying in their physical proximities.
This study analyses the case study of a small town situated in central Italy, which energy supply already features a set of distributed and cross-sector energy resources such as a district heating network fed by a 1.2 MWe natural gas engine and more than 30 MWp of non-controllable renewables.
The city energy systems are modelled in the analysis tool EnergyPLAN in order to analyse the technical feasibility of introducing different technological options aimed at reducing the polluting emissions generated in meeting different energy related needs of the district.
Older patients with proximal femur fractures and SARS-CoV-2 infection – An observational study
Authors: Burahee Abdus S , Barry Veronica E , Sutcliffe Robert P , Mahroof Sabreena 
Published: February 2021

Background: Older patients are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection and associated mortality. There are limited data evaluating the outcome of older patients with hip fractures treated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been suggested that these patients should be treated non-operatively due to high mortality risk. The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of COVID-19 infected hip fracture patients treated at a single centre. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from February 2020 (after the first confirmed COVID-19 infected patient was reported in the Midlands region of the UK). All patients admitted to the hospital with femoral neck fractures were included. Patient demographics, comorbidity, COVID-19 status, and short-term clinical outcomes were obtained by review of electronic medical records. The outcomes of COVID-19 infected patients were compared with non-COVID-19 patients treated during the study period. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included (mean age of 80 years), of whom 14 (48%) were tested positive for COVID-19 infection in the postoperative period. Overall, 26 patients (90%) underwent surgical treatment. COVID-19 infected patients had significantly higher Charlson comorbidity scores compared to the control group (5 vs. 4; p = 0.047). Only 5 COVID-19 infected patients (36%) required supplemental oxygen therapy in the postoperative period, and no patients required respiratory or other organ support. The 30-day mortality rate in COVID-19 patients was 14% compared to 0% in the negative controls (p = 0.22). Interpretation: COVID-19 infection did not increase the mortality rate of older patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures during the pandemic. The authors recommend careful assessment of patient fitness and prompt surgical treatment. In addition, it was noted that nearly all admissions were either given large boluses of Vitamin D or were on maintenance supplementation, which may have affected the severity of the response to COVID-19 infections.
Antivirale Wirkungen eines Thymianextrakts – ein Update
Authors: Wegener Tankred 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung von Zubereitungen aus Thymiankraut bei Erkältungskrankheiten mit Husten kann – beruhend auf experimentellen Untersuchungen – mit spasmolytischen, expektorierenden, antibakteriellen und evtl. auch mit antiinflammatorischen Wirkungen in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Neuere Hinweise auf antivirale Wirkungen eines Thymianextraktes, hier auf Rhino- und Influenzaviren, die frühere Daten und etablierte Verwendungen bestätigen, geben genügend Anlass, sich auch diesbezüglich das klinische Potenzial des Thymiankrautextraktes vertiefend anzuschauen.
Screening of febrile cows using a small handheld infrared thermography device
Authors: Bleul Ulrich , Hässig Michael , Kluser Fabienne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective As dairy herds increase in size, close monitoring of health becomes a necessity, but this is expensive and labour-intensive. Early detection of febrile diseases is essential for economical and welfare reasons and to prevent the spread of disease. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate a mobile, non-invasive technique for measuring the body temperature of cows that precludes the need for restraint of the animals.
Materials and methods An infrared thermographic imaging camera installed on a smart phone was used to measure the surface temperature of cows. In experiment 1, a metal block heated to defined temperatures was used to obtain infrared thermographic measurements (THM). The accuracy of THM made at different distances from the block and at 2 different ambient temperatures was determined. In experiment 2, non-febrile cows underwent infrared thermographic imaging, and the body regions with the highest correlations between thermographic and rectal temperature were identified. In experiment 3, THM were made in febrile and neighbouring non-febrile cows.
Results In experiment 1, the thermographic and true temperatures of the block had the strongest relationships at 0.5 and 1.0 m (r = 0.98). The ambient temperature had a significant effect on the THM, which had larger variations and greater deviations from the block temperature at 14.8 °C than at 23.8 °C. In experiment 2, the maximum temperature at the eye (r = 0.37), THM at the muzzle (r = 0.28) and the medial canthus (r = 0.27) showed the strongest relationships with the rectal temperature. After correcting the THM with the mean difference between thermographic and rectal temperatures of the non-febrile cows, sensitivities of 88, 90 and 82 %, respectively, were calculated for THM at the muzzle, eye and medial canthus in febrile cows in experiment 3. The corresponding specificities were 6, 23 and 32 %.
Conclusion and clinical relevance Based on the low specificities of the infrared THM, the thermographic imaging camera has limited usefulness for the mass screening of dairy cows for febrile conditions. Cattle falsely identified as febrile need to be separated, caught and re-examined, which causes unnecessary stress to the animal and increases labour input.
Prophylaxe der kaninen Parvovirose
Authors: Bergmann Michèle , Freisl Monika , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie kanine Parovirose ist eine hochansteckende und nach wie vor häufige Infektionskrankheit. Alle Hunde sollten daher zu jeder Zeit geschützt sein. Die humorale Immunität nimmt dabei eine zentrale Bedeutung ein. So lässt der Nachweis von Antikörpern bei erwachsenen Hunden auf einen vorliegenden Schutz schließen und die überwiegende Mehrheit erwachsener Hunde hat spezifische Antikörper gegen CPV aufgrund einer vorangegangenen Impfung oder Infektion. Mittlerweile empfehlen Expertengremien weltweit Antikörpermessungen als Alternative zu routinemäßigen Wiederholungsimpfungen im Abstand von 3 Jahren bei adulten Hunden. Aktiv gebildete Antikörper induzieren einen nahezu lebenslangen Schutz. Wiederholungsimpfungen führen bei Hunden, die bereits Antikörper aufweisen, nicht zu einem Anstieg des Antikörpertiters. Eine Wiederholungsimpfung ist daher nur beim Fehlen von Antikörpern sinnvoll. So lassen sich unnötige Impfungen (und damit potenzielle unerwünschte Wirkungen) vermeiden. Mit dem Hämagglutinationshemmtest und dem Serumneutralisationstest kann die Höhe des Antikörpertiters im Labor bestimmt werden. Praxistaugliche Schnelltests liefern anstelle eines Antikörpertiters semiquantitative Ergebnisse. Da bei erwachsenen Hunden, die geimpft sind oder eine Infektion überstanden haben, der Nachweis von Antikörpern in jeglicher Höhe mit dem Schutz vor Parvovirose gleichzusetzen ist, eignen sich diese Tests besonders im Rahmen der Gesundheitsvorsorge zur Erkennung ungeschützter Hunde, um diese dann gezielt zu impfen. Zur Beurteilung der Qualität der Testsysteme ist eine hohe Spezifität und eine damit einhergehende niedrige Anzahl falsch-positiver Ergebnisse wichtig.
Hund und Katze als Spiegel der menschlichen Seele? – Eine Prä-Post-Interventionsstudie mit qualitativer Evaluation
Authors: Hopf Joana , Edelhäuser Friedrich , Neumann Melanie 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHund und Katze können durch ihr Verhalten unbewusste Probleme oder Erkrankungen ihrer Tierpartner spiegeln. Eine achtsame und reflektierte Haltung dem Tier gegenüber lässt diese Spiegelungen durch den Selbsterfahrungskurs „Dein Tier als Spiegel Deiner Seele“ erkennen. Zukünftig können diese Erkenntnisse in der ganzheitlichen Tiermedizin, der Psychotherapie und Selbsthilfe genutzt werden. Derzeit wird der Kurs mit einer größeren Stichprobe an Hunden und Pferden untersucht.
Diagnostik der Epilepsie – Möglichkeiten der Magnetresonanztomografie
Authors: Drexlin Jana C. , Schweizer Daniela , Stein Veronika M. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEpilepsie ist eine neurologische Erkrankung, die dem Kleintierpraktiker im klinischen Alltag häufig begegnet. Die Erkrankung umfasst eine Vielzahl klinischer Ausprägungen und Ätiologien und die klinische Aufarbeitung bedarf in vielen Fällen einer kostenaufwendigen und umfangreichen Diagnostik. Diese ist notwendig, um eine metabolische Ursache für die Krampfanfälle festzustellen oder auszuschließen bzw. zwischen idiopathischer und struktureller Epilepsie unterscheiden zu können. Für die Klassifikation der Epilepsie ist die Untersuchung mittels Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) ein zentraler Bestandteil der Diagnosefindung, die sich entscheidend auf Therapie und Prognose auswirkt. Die Standardisierung von MRT-Protokollen hat große Bedeutung, um eine einheitliche Untersuchung und vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Dies kann die Kommunikation und Interaktion zwischen klinischen Einrichtungen erleichtern und die Möglichkeit bieten, noch unerkannte strukturelle Veränderungen im MRT zu erfassen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschäftigt sich im Zentralen mit der Definition und Klassifikation der Epilepsie sowie der bildgebenden Diagnostik der Epilepsie beim Hund und nimmt Bezug auf Statistiken und Empfehlungen von Spezialisten zur klinischen Fallaufarbeitung.
Measuring Fibrinolysis
Authors: Longstaff Colin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhysiological fibrinolysis under normal conditions progresses slowly, in contrast to coagulation which is triggered rapidly to stop bleeding and defend against microbial invasion. Methods to detect fibrinolysis abnormalities are less simple and poorly standardized compared with common coagulation tests. Fibrinolysis can be accelerated by preparing euglobulin from plasma to reduce endogenous inhibitors, or by adding plasminogen activators to normal plasma. However, these manipulations complicate interpretation of results and diagnosis of a “fibrinolysis deficit.” Many observational studies on antigen levels of fibrinolysis inhibitors, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 or thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, zymogen or active enzyme have been published. However, conclusions are mixed and there are clear problems with harmonization of results. Viscoelastic methods have the advantage of being rapid and are used as point-of-care tests. They also work with whole blood, allowing the contribution of platelets to be explored. However, there are no agreed protocols for applying viscoelastic methods in acute care for the diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis or to direct therapy. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the dangers of associated coagulopathy provide new challenges. A common finding in hospitalized patients is high levels of D-dimer fibrin breakdown products, indicative of ongoing fibrinolysis. Well-established problems with D-dimer testing standardization signal that we should be cautious in using results from such tests as prognostic indicators or to target therapies.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: Practical Considerations and Remaining Issues
Authors: Beyer-Westendorf Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreventing thromboembolic events, while minimizing bleeding risks, remains challenging when managing patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite large and successful trial programs, several clinical concerns remain which commonly relate to fears of over- or underexposure to drugs and unfavorable outcomes. After a short summary of the main phase III trial findings, this short review discusses the evidence and clinical relevance of common clinical concerns (correct direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC] dosing; DOAC in moderate-to-severe renal impairment; and the relevance of fasting, nasogastric tube feeding, or high body mass index) on DOAC plasma levels. Finally, the need for specific DOAC antidotes will be addressed.
GTH 2021 State of the Art—Cardiac Surgery: The Perioperative Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ranta Laura , Scala Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe, immune-mediated, adverse drug reaction that paradoxically induces a prothrombotic state. Particularly in the setting of cardiac surgery, where full anticoagulation is required during cardiopulmonary bypass, the management of HIT can be highly challenging, and requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this short review, the different perioperative strategies to run cardiopulmonary bypass will be summarized.