bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of handheld cardiac ultrasound device for assessment of left ventricular structure and function: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jenkins Sam , Alabed Samer , Swift Andrew , Marques Gabriel , Ryding Alisdair , Sawh Chris , Wardley James , Shah Benoy Nalin , Swoboda Peter , Senior Roxy , Nijveldt Robin , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Garg Pankaj 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveHandheld ultrasound devices (HUD) has diagnostic value in the assessment of patients with suspected left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic ability of HUD compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and assesses the importance of operator experience.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched in October 2020. Diagnostic studies using HUD and TTE imaging to determine LV dysfunction were included. Pooled sensitivities and specificities, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the diagnostic ability of HUD and evaluate the impact of operator experience on test accuracy.ResultsThirty-three studies with 6062 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Experienced operators could predict reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF), wall motion abnormality (WMA), LV dilatation and LV hypertrophy with pooled sensitivities of 88%, 85%, 89% and 85%, respectively, and pooled specificities of 96%, 95%, 98% and 91%, respectively. Non-experienced operators are able to detect cardiac abnormalities with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. There was a significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between experienced and inexperienced users in LV dilatation, LVEF (moderate/severe) and WMA. The diagnostic OR for LVEF (moderate/severe), LV dilatation and WMA in an experienced hand was 276 (95% CI 58 to 1320), 225 (95% CI 87 to 578) and 90 (95% CI 31 to 265), respectively, compared with 41 (95% CI 18 to 94), 45 (95% CI 16 to 123) and 28 (95% CI 20 to 41), respectively, for inexperienced users.ConclusionThis meta-analysis is the first to establish HUD as a powerful modality for predicting LV size and function. Experienced operators are able to accurately diagnose cardiac disease using HUD. A cautious, supervised approach should be implemented when imaging is performed by inexperienced users. This study provides a strong rationale for considering HUD as an auxiliary tool to physical examination in secondary care, to aid clinical decision making when considering referral for TTE.Trial registration numberCRD42020182429.
Early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories contribute to inequalities in adult cardiovascular health, independently of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position
Authors: Winpenny Eleanor M , Howe Laura D , van Sluijs Esther M F , Hardy Rebecca , Tilling Kate 
Published: August 2021

Background
Cardiovascular health shows significant socioeconomic inequalities, however there is little understanding of the role of early adulthood in generation of these inequalities. We assessed the contribution of socioeconomic trajectories during early adulthood (16–24 years) to cardiovascular health in mid-adulthood (46 years).

Methods
Participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study with socioeconomic data available in early adulthood were included (n=12 423). Longitudinal latent class analysis identified socioeconomic trajectories, based on patterns of economic activity throughout early adulthood. Cardiometabolic risk factors (46 years) were regressed on socioeconomic trajectory class (16–24 years), testing mediation by adult socioeconomic position (46 years). Models were stratified by sex and adjusted for childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and adolescent health.

Results
Six early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories were identified: (1) Continued Education (20.2%), (2) Managerial Employment (16.0%), (3) Skilled Non-manual Employment (20.9%), (4) Skilled Manual Employment (18.9%), (5) Partly Skilled Employment (15.8%) and (6) Economically Inactive (8.1%). The ‘Continued Education’ trajectory class showed the best cardiovascular health at age 46 years, with the lowest levels of cardiometabolic risk factors. For example, systolic blood pressure was 128.9 mm Hg (95% CI 127.8 to 130.0) among men in the ‘Continued Education’ class, compared with 131.3 mm Hg (95% CI 130.4 to 132.2) among men in the ‘Skilled Manual’ class. Patterns across classes 2–6 differed by risk factor and sex. The observed associations were largely not mediated by SEP at age 46 years.

Conclusion
Findings suggest an independent contribution of early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories to development of later life cardiovascular inequalities. Further work is needed to understand mediators of this relationship and potential for interventions to mitigate these pathways.
Elastic and inelastic form factors including 2-body short-range correlation effect
Authors: Abbas Mahmoud A. 
Published: August 2021

The charge distributions and elastic electron form factors for 18O, 42,44Ca, 58Ni, and 118Sn nuclei were considered using the cluster expansion of the 1- and 2-body terms. Inelastic electron form factors to 2+ states with core-polarization effects were studied, where the nuclear collective modes were considered alongside the shell model transition density. The influence of short-range correlations (SRCs) was calculated by the parameter β, which was introduced into the ground-state charge distribution and concluded the Jastrow-type function. It is found that the inclusion of 2-body correlations is necessary to describe the observed data of elastic and inelastic form factors at high momentum transfer q > 3 fm–1.
Massive neutron stars with holographic multiquark cores
Authors: Pinkanjanarod Sitthichai , Burikham Piyabut 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhases of nuclear matter are crucial in the determination of physical properties of neutron stars (NS). In the core of NS, the density and pressure become so large that the nuclear matter possibly undergoes phase transition into a deconfined phase, consisting of quarks and gluons and their colour bound states. Even though the quark-gluon plasma has been observed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (Gyulassy and McLerran, Nucl Phys A 750:30–63, 2005; Andronic et al., Nature 561: 321–330, 2018), it is still unclear whether exotic quark matter exists inside neutron stars. Recent results from the combination of various perturbative theoretical calculations with astronomical observations (Demorest et al., Nature 467:1081–1083, 2010; Antoniadis et al., Science 340:1233232, 2013) shows that (exotic) quark matter could exist inside the cores of neutron stars above 2.0 solar masses ($$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

) (Annala et al., Nat Phys, 10.1038/s41567-020-0914-9, arXiv:1903.09121 [astro-ph.HE], 2020). We revisit the holographic model in Refs. (Burikham et al., JHEP 05:006, arXiv:0811.0243 [hep-ph], 2009; Burikham et al., JHEP 06:040, arXiv:1003.5470 [hep-ph], 2010) and implement the equation of states (EoS) of multiquark nuclear matter to interpolate the pQCD EoS in the high-density region with the nuclear EoS known at low densities. For sufficiently large energy density scale ($$\epsilon _{s}$$

ϵ
s

) of the model, it is found that multiquark phase is thermodynamically prefered than the stiff nuclear matter above the transition points. The NS with holographic multiquark core could have masses in the range $$1.96{-}2.23~(1.64{-}2.10) M_{\odot }$$

1.96
-
2.23

(
1.64
-
2.10
)

M
⊙

and radii $$14.3{-}11.8~(14.0{-}11.1)$$

14.3
-
11.8

(
14.0
-
11.1
)

km for $$\epsilon _{s}=26~(28)$$

ϵ
s

=
26

(
28
)

GeV/fm$$^{3}$$

3

respectively. Effects of proton–baryon fractions are studied for certain type of baryonic EoS; larger proton fractions could reduce radius of the NS with multiquark core by less than a kilometer.
Light in dielectric media and scalar fields in a de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Pedrosa I. A. , Ramos B. F. , Bakke K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present work we discuss the behavior of light in a linear dielectric medium with a time-varying electric permittivity that increases exponentially at a constant rate and of a scalar field in a de Sitter spacetime, in both the classical and quantum contexts. Notably, we find that the behavior of these two systems are identical and can be described by similar Hamiltonians. By using the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant method together with Fock states we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for this problem and use its solutions to construct coherent states for the scalar field. Finally, we employ both the Fock and coherent states to evaluate some important properties of the quantized scalar field, such as expectation values of the amplitude and momentum of each mode their variances and the respective uncertainty principle.
THE EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC NEUROMUSCULAR STABILITY EXERCISE ON THE SCOLIOSIS AND PAIN CONTROL IN THE YOUTH BASEBALL PLAYERS
Authors: PARK ILBONG , PARK CHANHEE , KIM KYOUNGTAE , CHA YOUNGJOO 
Published: August 2021

While the presence of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) has been provided as an important component of the integrated spinal stabilization and associated abdominal stabilization prior to dynamic movement, no previous study has investigated the spinal mechanical effects scoliosis and pain control in youth baseball player with scoliosis. This study compared the effects of gymball exercise, with and without DNS core stability exercise, on spine kinematics and pain control in youth baseball player with scoliosis. A total of 28 participants with scoliosis were randomized into gymball exercise, with and without DNS core stability exercise. Clinical outcomes included the Cobb’s angle and visual analog scale (VAS). Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted at p < 0.05. Two-way repeated ANOVA showed that gymball with DNS showed superior effects, compared to gymball without DNS, on Cobb’s angle (P < 0.001), but not on VAS (P < 0.837). Our results provide novel, promising clinical evidence that DNS improved scoliosis kinematics as well as pain control in youth baseball player with scoliosis.
Atazanavir/ritonavir vs Efavirenz como primeira linha de tratamento em adultos vivendo com HIV
Authors: Neves José Kayque , Cavalcante Cláudia Menezes , Barros Rodrigo Josiman Serafim , Magalhães Marina Gabriella Pereira de Andrada , Souza Edvaldo da Silva 
Published: August 2021

Introdução: Novos regimes de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) para HIV podem melhorar os resultados clínicos para os pacientes e de alterar a história natural da infecção. Os guidelines nacionais e internacionais recomendam atualmente a iniciar o tratamento dos indivíduos infectados para prevenir a deterioração do sistema imunológico e controlar a replicação viral, e consequente prevenção da transmissão da infecção pelo HIV. Objetivo: Analisar o uso da terapia antirretroviral que incluem Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) ou Efavirenz (EFV) na primeira linha de tratamento de pacientes adultos vivendo com HIV. Material e Métodos: O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo coorte retrospectivo. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto de 2019 a julho de 2020 e se concentrou no Serviço de Imunologia Clínica/Hospital-Dia do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira - IMIP. Os dados foram retirados dos prontuários selecionados de maneira aleatória e registrados em questionários padronizados com posterior transcrição em planilhas computadorizadas. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos (CEP) do IMIP/PE. Os dados foram transcritos no programa Excel, analisados no Epi Info™. Resultados: 131 pacientes participaram do estudo utilizando EFV ou ATV/r como terceira droga do esquema antirretroviral, sendo 73,3% pacientes EFV e 26,7% usando ATV/r. A supressão viral inicial foi observada em 88% (p > 0,05) dos pacientes, independentemente do esquema utilizado. Esquemas contendo ATV/r apresentaram uma prevalência de 47,1% de efeitos adversos e EFV 52,1% (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os achados do desse estudo sugerem que tanto ATV/r quanto o EFV apresentaram efetividade semelhante quando utilizados como primeira linha de tratamento.
Neuronal CD200 Signaling Is Protective in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Al Mamun Abdullah , Ngwa Conelius , Qi Shaohua , Honarpisheh Pedram , Datar Saumil , Sharmeen Romana , Xu Yan , McCullough Louise D. , Liu Fudong 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), a highly glycosylated protein primarily expressed on neurons in the central nervous system, binds with its receptor CD200R to form an endogenous inhibitory signal against immune responses. However, little is known about the effect of neuronal CD200 signaling in cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate how neuronal CD200 signaling impacts poststroke inflammation and the ischemic injury.

Methods:

CD200 tma1
lf/fl
:Thy1CreER mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce conditional gene knockout (ICKO) of neuronal CD200. The mice were subjected to a 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke outcomes, apoptotic cell death, immune cell infiltration, microglia activation, and other inflammatory profiles were evaluated at 3 and 7 days after stroke.

Results:
Infarct volumes were significantly larger, and behavioral deficits more severe in ICKO versus control mice at 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay also revealed a significant increase in apoptotic neuronal death in CD200 ICKO mice. An enhancement in lymphocytic infiltration and microglial proinflammatory responses were revealed by flow cytometry at 3 and 7 days after stroke in ICKO mice, accompanied by an increased microglial phagocytosis activity. Plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα [tumor necrosis factor alpha] and IL [interleukin]-1β) levels significantly increased at 3 days, and IL-1β/IL-6 levels increased at 7 days in ICKO versus control animals. ICKO led to significantly lower baseline level of CD200 both in brain and plasma.

Conclusions:
Neuronal CD200 inhibits proinflammatory responses and is protective against stroke injury.
Anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation improves gait and muscle atrophy in patients with surgically treated ankle and tibial plateau fractures after one year: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Palke Lisa , Schneider Sebastian , Karich Bernhard , Mende Meinhard , Josten Christoph , Böhme Jörg , Henkelmann Ralf 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To compare the one-year postoperative outcomes of anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation with those of standard rehabilitation in patients with ankle or tibial plateau fractures. Design: An open-label prospective randomised study. Setting: Three trauma centres. Subjects: Patients were randomised into the intervention (anti-gravity treadmill) or control (standard protocol) rehabilitation group. Main measures: The primary endpoint was changes in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for ankle fractures and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for tibial plateau fractures from baseline to 12 months after operation. Secondary endpoints were the subscores of these scores, muscle atrophy (leg circumference at 20 cm above and 10 cm below the knee joint) and the Dynamic Gait Index. Results: Initially, 73 patients (37 vs 36) underwent randomisation. After 12 months, 29 patients in the intervention group and 24 patients in the control group could be analysed. No significant difference was noted in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (80.8 ± 18.4 and 78.4 ± 21.1) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (84.8 ± 15.2 and 81.7 ± 17.0). The change in the Dynamic Gait Index from 12 weeks to 12 months differed significantly between the groups ( P = 0.04). Patients with tibial plateau fractures had a 3 cm wider thigh circumference in the intervention group than those in the control group (95% confidence interval: −0.2 to 6.3 cm, P = 0.08). Conclusion: One year after surgery, patients who had undergone anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation showed better gait than patients in the control group, and those with tibial plateau fractures had less muscle atrophy.
Antecedent Minor Trauma and Hyperacute Presentations in Childhood Transverse Myelitis
Authors: Lim Jocelyn , Hamouda Ehab Shaban , Fortier Marielle Valerie , Thomas Terrence 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Fibrocartilaginous embolism and spinal cord infarction may resemble transverse myelitis with antecedent minor trauma (sporting activity or minor falls) or with hyperacute (<12-hour) presentation. Methods: Diagnostic criteria for fibrocartilaginous embolism and spinal cord infarction were applied to a 10-year (2007-2016) cohort of children aged 1 month to 16 years with transverse myelitis and clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and outcome data compared between those with and without antecedent minor trauma. Results: Thirty-two children of median age 8.9 (range 2.7-15.8) years were included; 19 (59%) were female. Falls at home, school, or play (6 children, 60%), swimming (2, 20%), physical education (1, 10%), and caning (1, 10%) were antecedent events in 10 (31%) children. Six (19%) had hyperacute presentations. One patient met spinal cord infarction criteria; none had fibrocartilaginous embolism. Children with transverse myelitis and antecedent minor trauma had single, short spinal cord lesions (median 3 vertebral bodies) but without a specific neuroimaging lesion pattern. None had intervertebral disc abnormalities or brain involvement and were negative for myelin oligodendrocyte and aquaporin 4 antibodies. Twenty-five (86%) of 29 had cerebrospinal fluid inflammation, and 30 (94%) received immunotherapy. Thirty (97%) were followed for a median of 3.6 (0.1-10.2) years, with good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1) in the majority (80%). Four (75%) with hyperacute presentation had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1), but the patient with spinal cord infarction was the most disabled (modified Rankin Scale score 4). Conclusion: Minor trauma or hyperacute presentations does not always indicate fibrocartilaginous embolism or spinal cord infarction. Children with minor trauma preceding transverse myelitis have a distinct clinicoradiologic syndrome, with good outcome following immunotherapy.
Bidirectional Associations Between Maternal Mental Health and Child Sleep Problems in Children With ADHD: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Martin Christina A. , Mulraney Melissa , Papadopoulos Nicole , Rinehart Nicole J. , Sciberras Emma 
Published: August 2021

Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience more sleep problems than their typically developing peers. In addition, their parents experience higher rates of mental health difficulties relative to parents of children without ADHD. Cross-sectional studies have reported associations; however, longitudinal studies have not yet been conducted. This study aimed to investigate potential bidirectional relationships between sleep problems in children with ADHD and maternal mental health difficulties (i.e. overall mental health, depression, anxiety, stress) over a 12-month period. Methods: Female caregivers of 379 children with ADHD (5–13 years) reported on their child’s sleep (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire) and their own mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) at three time points over a 12-month period (baseline, 6-months, and 12-months). Autoregressive cross-lagged panel analyses were used to analyze the data, controlling for child age, child sex, ADHD symptom severity, ADHD medication use, comorbidities (autism spectrum disorder, internalizing disorders, and externalizing disorders), caregiver age, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Results: Child sleep problems and maternal mental health difficulties were highly stable across the 12-month period. In addition, longitudinal relationships were evident, with child sleep problems at 6-months predicting both overall maternal mental health difficulties and maternal anxiety at 12-months. However, child sleep problems at 6-months did not predict maternal depression or maternal stress at 12-months. There was little evidence that maternal mental health difficulties predicted child sleep problems over the 12-month period. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that despite the stability in child sleep problems and maternal mental health difficulties over time, sleep problems in children with ADHD contribute to later maternal mental health difficulties. This suggests that sleep interventions to improve child sleep may lead to an improvement in maternal mental health over time. It also suggests a need to be aware of the potential mental health difficulties being experienced by mothers who have children with sleep problems.
MiR-188-3p and miR-133b Suppress Cell Proliferation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Post-Transcriptional Suppression of NDRG1
Authors: Luo Zhenzhao , Fan Yue , Liu Xianchang , Liu Shuiyi , Kong Xiaoyu , Ding Zhonghuan , Li Ying , Wei Liqing 
Published: August 2021

Background: Previous studies reported that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) was upregulated in various cancer tissues and decreased expression of miR-188-3p and miR-133b could suppress cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism of NRDG1 involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis is still unknown. Methods: The expressions of miR-188-3p, miR-133b, and NRDG1 in HCC tissues and cells were quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. MTT assay and transwell invasion assay were performed to evaluate cell growth and cell migration, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine whether miR-188-3p and miR-133b could directly bind to NRDG1 in HCC cells. Results: The results showed that NRDG1 was upregulated and these 2 microRNAs were downregulated in HCC tissues. NRDG1 was negatively correlated with miR-188-3p and miR-133b in HCC tissues. MiR-188-3p and miR-133b were demonstrated to directly bind to 3′UTR of NRDG1 and inhibit its expression. Upregulation of miR-188-3p and miR-133b reduced NRDG1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, which consequently inhibited cell growth and cell migration. Conclusions: Our finding suggested that miR-188-3p and miR-133b exert a suppressive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation, invasion, and migration through downregulation of NDRG1.
Effect of Yoga Therapy on Health Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Verma Anita , Upadhyay Vikas , Saxena Vartika 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of yoga therapy (YT) on health outcomes of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Interventional studies, with postmenarchal and premenopausal females with PCOS who received YT, with any health outcome reported, were included. Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases were electronically searched. Systematic review included 11 experimental studies, representing 515 participants with PCOS, out of which 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included for meta-analysis. Random effects model was applied using Review Manager Software version 5.4.1 and strength of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool, 2020. Meta-analysis showed that YT may significantly decrease menstrual irregularity (MD −.41, 95% CI −.74 to −.08), clinical hyperandrogenism (MD −.70, 95% CI −1.15 to −.26), fasting blood glucose (MD −.22 mmol/L, 95% CI −.44 to −.01), fasting insulin (MD −28.21 pmol/L, 95% CI −43.79 to −12.63), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance value (MD −.86, 95% CI −1.29 to −.43). Strength of evidence was “low.” In conclusion, YT may have beneficial effects on health outcomes in women suffering from PCOS. However, low strength of evidence suggests need of conducting well-designed RCTs to assess the efficacy of YT for PCOS.