bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of systemic health and medication use with the enlargement rate of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Shen Liangbo L , Xie Yangyiran , Sun Mengyuan , Ahluwalia Aneesha , Park Michael M , Young Benjamin K , Del Priore Lucian V 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe associations of geographic atrophy (GA) progression with systemic health status and medication use are unclear.MethodsWe manually delineated GA in 318 eyes in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. We calculated GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate as the ratio between GA area growth rate and mean GA perimeter between the first and last visit for each eye (mean follow-up=5.3 years). Patients’ history of systemic health and medications was collected through questionnaires administered at study enrolment. We evaluated the associations between GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate and 27 systemic health factors using univariable and multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models.ResultsIn the univariable model, GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate was associated with GA in the fellow eye at any visit (p=0.002), hypertension history (p=0.03), cholesterol-lowering medication use (p<0.001), beta-blocker use (p=0.02), diuretic use (p<0.001) and thyroid hormone use (p=0.03). Among the six factors, GA in the fellow eye at any visit (p=0.008), cholesterol-lowering medication use (p=0.002), and diuretic use (p<0.001) were independently associated with higher GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate in the multivariable model. GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate was 51.1% higher in patients with versus without cholesterol-lowering medication use history and was 37.8% higher in patients with versus without diuretic use history.ConclusionsGA growth rate may be associated with the fellow eye status, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and diuretic use. These possible associations do not infer causal relationships, and future prospective studies are required to investigate the relationships further.
Criteria for recommendations after perioperative sentinel events
Authors: Bos Kelly , Dongelmans Dave A , Groeneweg Jop , Legemate Dink A , Leistikow Ian P , van der Laan Maarten J 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe recurrence of sentinel events (SEs) is a persistent problem worldwide, despite repeated analyses and recommendations formulated to prevent recurrence. Research suggests this is partly attributable to the quality of the recommendations, and determining if a recommendation will be effective is not yet covered by an adequate guideline. Our objectives were to (1) develop and validate criteria for high-quality recommendations, and (2) evaluate recommendations using the criteria developed.Methods(1) Criteria were developed by experts using the bowtie method. Medical doctors then determined if the recommendations of Dutch in-hospital SE analysis reports met the criteria, after which interobserver variability was tested. (2) Researchers determined which recommendations of Dutch perioperative SE analysis reports produced from 2017 to 2018 met the criteria.ResultsThe criteria were: (1) a recommendation needs to be well defined and clear, (2) it needs to specifically describe the intended changes, and (3) it needs to describe how it will reduce the risk or limit the consequences of a similar SE. Validation of criteria showed substantial interobserver agreement. The SE analysis reports (n=115) contained 442 recommendations, of which 64% failed to meet all criteria, and 28% of reports did not contain a single recommendation that met the criteria.ConclusionWe developed and validated criteria for high-quality recommendations. The majority of recommendations did not meet our criteria. It was disconcerting to find that over a quarter of the investigations did not produce a single recommendation that met the criteria, not even in SEs with a fatal outcome. Healthcare providers have an obligation to prevent SEs, and certainly their recurrence. We anticipate that using these criteria to determine the potential of recommendations will aid in this endeavour.
STAT3-mediated upregulation of the AIM2 DNA sensor links innate immunity with cell migration to promote epithelial tumourigenesis
Authors: Dawson Ruby E , Deswaerte Virginie , West Alison C , Tang Ke , West Alice J , Balic Jesse J , Gearing Linden J , Saad Mohamed I , Yu Liang , Wu Yonghui , Bhathal Prithi S , Kumar Beena , Chakrabarti Jayati T , Zavros Yana , Oshima Hiroko , Klinman Dennis M , Oshima Masanobu , Tan Patrick , Jenkins Brendan J 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThe absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) cytosolic pattern recognition receptor and DNA sensor promotes the pathogenesis of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases via caspase-1-containing inflammasome complexes. However, the role of AIM2 in cancer is ill-defined.DesignThe expression of AIM2 and its clinical significance was assessed in human gastric cancer (GC) patient cohorts. Genetic or therapeutic manipulation of AIM2 expression and activity was performed in the genetically engineered gp130F/F spontaneous GC mouse model, as well as human GC cell line xenografts. The biological role and mechanism of action of AIM2 in gastric tumourigenesis, including its involvement in inflammasome activity and functional interaction with microtubule-associated end-binding protein 1 (EB1), was determined in vitro and in vivo.ResultsAIM2 expression is upregulated by interleukin-11 cytokine-mediated activation of the oncogenic latent transcription factor STAT3 in the tumour epithelium of GC mouse models and patients with GC. Genetic and therapeutic targeting of AIM2 in gp130F/F mice suppressed tumourigenesis. Conversely, AIM2 overexpression augmented the tumour load of human GC cell line xenografts. The protumourigenic function of AIM2 was independent of inflammasome activity and inflammation. Rather, in vivo and in vitro AIM2 physically interacted with EB1 to promote epithelial cell migration and tumourigenesis. Furthermore, upregulated expression of AIM2 and EB1 in the tumour epithelium of patients with GC was independently associated with poor patient survival.ConclusionAIM2 can play a driver role in epithelial carcinogenesis by linking cytokine-STAT3 signalling, innate immunity and epithelial cell migration, independent of inflammasome activation.
Realize Emergent Gravity to Generic Situations
Authors: An Yang , Cheng Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe clarify the problem in which occasions can gravitational force be regarded emergent from thermodynamics, by proposing an entropic mechanism that can extract the entropic gradient existing in spacetime, due to the variation of the Casini–Bekenstein bound in specific quasi-static processes with the heat flux$$\delta Q$$δQinto the whole casual wedge. We explicitly formulate the derivation of inertial force as the emergent gravitational attraction from the Entanglement First Law. We find the saturation of the bound along with the vanishing relative entropy corresponds to the variation of minimal surface. To covariant meaning, it is the Bousso bound. Besides, this understanding is connected to recent Pennington’s work on Black Hole Information Paradox, suggesting a Page-Curve function origins from removing attraction by the external heat bath. Our theory from entanglement now overcomes several criticism towards Verlinde’s original entropic force proposal, and is able to co-exist with Susskind’s Complexity Tendency. This entropic mechanism reproduces the Newton’s Second Law in Rindler space and the gravitational force (together with derivation of the Einstein equation) beyond the near-horizon region, and can be adapted into AdS/CFT and other generic situations.
Electroweak monopoles with a non-linearly realized weak hypercharge
Authors: De Fabritiis P. , Helayël-Neto J. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a finite-energy electroweak-monopole solution obtained by considering non-linear extensions of the hypercharge sector of the Electroweak Theory, based on logarithmic and exponential versions of electrodynamics. We find constraints for a class of non-linear extensions and also work out an estimate for the monopole mass in this scenario. We finally derive a lower bound for the energy of the monopole and discuss the simpler case of a Dirac magnetic charge.
Geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic studies of Paleoproterozoic (
c.
2.3 Ga) meta-lamprophyre from the Rapuru area, Nellore Schist Belt, southern India: implications for back-arc basin magmatism and its relevance to the Columbia supercontinent assembly
Authors: Meshram Tushar , Mahapatro Satya Narayana , Aravind J. K. , Dora M. L. , Baswani Srinivasa R. , Gopalakrishna G. , Meshram Rajkumar R. , Sesha Sai V. V. , Randive Kirtikumar , Dash Jitendra K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This study reports on two lamprophyre dykes from the Rapuru area along the margin of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the Nellore Schist Belt (NSB). The Rapuru lamprophyre (RL) dykes are situated along the southern extension of the Prakassam Alkaline Province (PAP). The RL dykes are deformed, yet still preserve a porphyritic–panidiomorphic texture, with mica phenocrysts, and amphibole and feldspars in the groundmass. Geochemically, the RL dykes have a low Mg# (0.28–0.37), and Ni (30–60 ppm) and Cr (119–228 ppm) concentrations that indicate their evolved nature, such as for other reported lamprophyres from the PAP and EDC. This is further supported by Sr–Nd isotopic ratios that show an affinity towards a mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)–ocean island basalt (OIB)-like signature and a juvenile magmatic nature. The RL seems to have been affected by two major influences, namely, the primary source region, which is geochemically juvenile similar to the compositional field of enriched-MORB, and the continental lithosphere. Such magmas are known to have formed in a back-arc-basin environment. The initial
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratio (
c.
0.7012–0.7045) and initial
ε
Nd
ratios (3.13–7.93) are in line with back-arc basin basalts recorded in other parts of the world. The field observations and bulk-rock Sr–Nd radiogenic isotope values in the present study support the Paleoproterozoic nature of the RL. This concurrence of juvenile radiogenic isotopes and fluid-related trace element compositions apparently suggest dehydration of a subducted-slab-triggered metasomatism of the overlying mantle wedge in a subduction-related geodynamic setting. Such intrusive lamprophyre rocks of older ages are limited in India as well as other parts of the world. The 2.1 and 1.8 Ga rocks are widely considered to represent the initial accretion and final break-up of an erstwhile Columbia supercontinent assembly. We argue that the RL were formed in the Paleoproterozoic during the waxing stages of the Columbia supercontinent assembly in a back-arc basin environment, most probably due to the low degree of partial melting of the asthenosphere–lithospheric interaction caused by the introduction of an influx of subduction components into the arc–back-arc basin system.
Simultaneous Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Left Ventricle Stroke Volume Assessment Predicts Adverse Events in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kamran Hayaan , Hariri Essa H. , Iskandar Jean‐Pierre , Sahai Aditya , Haddadin Ihab , Harb Serge C. , Campbell Joseph , Tefera Leben , Delehanty Joseph M. , Heresi Gustavo A. , Bartholomew John R. , Cameron Scott J. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Certain echocardiographic parameters may serve as early predictors of adverse events in patients with hemodynamically compromising pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods and Results

An observational analysis was conducted for patients with acute pulmonary embolism evaluated by a Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) between 2014 and 2020. The performance of clinical prediction algorithms including the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and Carl Bova score were compared using a ratio of right ventricle and left ventricle hemodynamics by dividing the pulmonary artery systolic pressure by the left ventricle stroke volume. The primary outcome of in‐hospital mortality, cardiac arrest, and the need for advanced therapies was evaluated by univariate and multivariable analyses. Of the 343 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 215 had complete data. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure/left ventricle stroke volume was a clear predictor of the primary end point (odds ratio [OR], 2.31;
P
=0.005), performing as well or better than the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (OR, 1.43;
P
=0.06) or the Bova score (OR, 1.28;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions
This study is the first study to demonstrate the utility of early pulmonary artery systolic pressure/left ventricle stroke volume in predicting adverse clinical events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure/left ventricle stroke volume may be a surrogate marker of ventricular asynchrony in high‐risk pulmonary embolism and should be prognostically evaluated.
Predictors of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Progression in Adolescents—The EVA‐Tyrol Study
Authors: Kiechl Sophia J. , Staudt Anna , Stock Katharina , Gande Nina , Bernar Benoît , Hochmayr Christoph , Winder Bernhard , Geiger Ralf , Griesmacher Andrea , Anliker Markus , Kiechl Stefan , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Knoflach Michael , Pechlaner Raimund , Asare Mandy , Bock‐Bartl Manuela , Bohl Maximilian , Klingenschmid Julia , Kothmayer Martina , Marxer Julia , Pircher Maximilian , Reiter Carmen , Schreiner Christina 
Published: September 2021

Background
Cardiovascular disease depends on the duration and time course of risk factor exposure. Previous reports on risk factors of progression of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) in the young were mostly restricted to high‐risk populations or susceptible to certain types of bias. We aimed to unravel a risk factor signature for early vessel pathology based on repeated ultrasound assessments of the carotid arteries in the general population.

Methods and Results
Risk factors were assessed in 956 adolescents sampled from the general population with a mean age of 15.8±0.9 years, 56.2% of whom were female. cIMT was measured at baseline and on average 22.5±3.4 months later by high‐resolution ultrasound. Effects of baseline risk factors on cIMT progression were investigated using linear mixed models with multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, which yielded significant associations (given as increase in cIMT for a 1‐SD higher baseline level) for alanine transaminase (5.5 μm; 95% CI: 1.5–9.5), systolic blood pressure (4.7 μm; 0.3–9.2), arterial hypertension (9.5 μm, 0.2–18.7), and non‐high‐density (4.5 μm; 0.7–8.4) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.3 μm; 0.5–8.1).

Conclusions
Systolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension, low‐density and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine transaminase predicted cIMT progression in adolescents, even though risk factor levels were predominantly within established reference ranges. These findings reemphasize the necessity to initiate prevention early in life and challenge the current focus of guideline recommendations on high‐risk youngsters.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03929692.
Using Primary Reinforcement to Enhance Translatability of a Human Affect and Decision-Making Judgment Bias Task
Authors: Neville Vikki , Dayan Peter , Gilchrist Iain D. , Paul Elizabeth S. , Mendl Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGood translatability of behavioral measures of affect (emotion) between human and nonhuman animals is core to comparative studies. The judgment bias (JB) task, which measures “optimistic” and “pessimistic” decision-making under ambiguity as indicators of positive and negative affective valence, has been used in both human and nonhuman animals. However, one key disparity between human and nonhuman studies is that the former typically use secondary reinforcers (e.g., money) whereas the latter typically use primary reinforcers (e.g., food). To address this deficiency and shed further light on JB as a measure of affect, we developed a novel version of a JB task for humans using primary reinforcers. Data on decision-making and reported affective state during the JB task were analyzed using computational modeling. Overall, participants grasped the task well, and as anticipated, their reported affective valence correlated with trial-by-trial variation in offered volume of juice. In addition, previous findings from monetary versions of the task were replicated: More positive prediction errors were associated with more positive affective valence, a higher lapse rate was associated with lower affective arousal, and affective arousal decreased as a function of number of trials completed. There was no evidence that more positive valence was associated with greater “optimism,” but instead, there was evidence that affective valence influenced the participants' decision stochasticity, whereas affective arousal tended to influence their propensity for errors. This novel version of the JB task provides a useful tool for investigation of the links between primary reward and punisher experience, affect, and decision-making, especially from a comparative perspective.
“The Uncertain Method of Drops”: How a Non-Uniform Unit Survived the Century of Standardization
Authors: Jackson Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper follows the journey of two small fluid units throughout the nineteenth century in Anglo-American medicine and pharmacy, explaining how the non-uniform “drop” survived while the standardized minim became obsolete. I emphasize two roles these units needed to fulfill: that of a physical measuring device, and that of a rhetorical communication device. First, I discuss the challenges unique to measuring small amounts of fluid, outlining how the modern medicine dropper developed out of an effort to resolve problems with the “minimometer,” which measured minims. Second, I explain how drops, utilized in “the open drop method” of administering general anesthesia, effectively communicated a gradual process and epistemically valuable heuristic to the audience of practitioners, whose attention to individual medical outcomes was important for verifying the proper dosage. The standardized minim was never able to achieve success as the drop’s intended replacement; the non-uniform drop better served the relevant epistemic goals within the practical contexts for which these units were designed. The surprising historical trajectory of drops should cause us to question the common equivocation of “standardization” with “progress” in the history and philosophy of measurement. This study also exemplifies how examining non-standard measurement practices can be instructive for better understanding the role and function of standardization within epistemology of measurement.
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories
Authors: Jima-González Alexandra , Paradela-López Miguel 
Published: September 2021

The rise of Shining Path in the rural areas of Peru and its revolutionary war between 1980 and 1992 contributed significantly to the weakening of indigenous mobilization in that country. From the perspective of a combination of political opportunity and new social movements theories, Shining Path took advantage of a history of rural isolation and a political vacuum to take control of rural areas and impose extreme repression of counterrevolutionary mobilization. It systematically pressured the indigenous communities to collaborate with it and embrace a materialist-based peasant identity. At the same time, the erratic and disproportionate response of the government negatively affected the indigenous communities. Merging the two theories allows a better understanding of this situation. El ascenso de Sendero Luminoso en las zonas rurales del Perú y su guerra revolucionaria entre 1980 y 1992 contribuyeron significativamente al debilitamiento de la movilización indígena en dicho país. Desde la perspectiva combinada de la teoría oportunidades políticas y nuevas teorías de movimientos sociales, Sendero Luminoso aprovechó una historia de aislamiento rural y un vacío político para tomar el control de las zonas rurales y llevar a cabo una represión extrema de la movilización contrarrevolucionaria. Presionó sistemáticamente a las comunidades indígenas para que colaboraran y adoptaran una identidad campesina de base materialista. Al mismo tiempo, la respuesta errática y desproporcionada del gobierno también afectó negativamente a las comunidades indígenas. La fusión de las dos teorías permite una mejor comprensión de esta situación.
BPA-induced prostatic hyperplasia in vitro is correlated with the unbalanced gene expression of AR and ER in the epithelium and stroma
Authors: Wang Kaiyue , Huang Dongyan , Zhou Ping , Su Xin , Yang Rongfu , Shao Congcong , Wu Jianhui 
Published: September 2021

As a typical environmental endocrine disruptor (EED), bisphenol A (BPA) can induce pathological hyperplasia of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. This study concentrates mainly on the effect and underlying mechanisms of BPA on prostatic hyperplasia, which is based on the culture of primary human prostate epithelial cells (HPEpiC) and human prostate fibroblasts (HPrF). In an effect to screen the optimal pro-survival BPA levels, HPEpiC and HPrF were, respectively, exposed to concentration gradients of BPA (10−12 M–10−4 M) solution diluted with two corresponding medium and incubated for 72 h at 37°C. CCK-8 assay showed that 10−9 M–10−5 M BPA could facilitate the proliferation of HPEpiC, while similar proliferative effect of HPrF only needed 10−11 M–10−7 M BPA. HPrF were more sensitive to BPA than HPEpiC. The qualification of PCNA gene expression measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) also mirrored the BPA-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, our results considered that androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ), and NFKB1 gene expressions exhibited up-regulation in HPEpiC treated with 10−9 M BPA for 72 h. However, in HPrF, the identical BPA treatment could activate ERα, ERβ, and NFKB1 gene expressions and down-regulated the expression of AR levels. It is further confirmed that low-dose BPA can indeed promote the proliferation of human prostate cells in vitro, and the mechanisms of BPA for prostatic epithelial and stromal hyperplasia may not be consistent.