bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-production of hydrogen and ethyl acetate in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bohnenkamp Anna C. , Wijffels René H. , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) and hydrogen (H2) are industrially relevant compounds that preferably are produced via sustainable, non-petrochemical production processes. Both compounds are volatile and can be produced by Escherichia coli before. However, relatively low yields for hydrogen are obtained and a mix of by-products renders the sole production of hydrogen by micro-organisms unfeasible. High yields for ethyl acetate have been achieved, but accumulation of formate remained an undesired but inevitable obstacle. Coupling ethyl acetate production to the conversion of formate into H2 may offer an interesting solution to both drawbacks. Ethyl acetate production requires equimolar amounts of ethanol and acetyl-CoA, which enables a redox neutral fermentation, without the need for production of by-products, other than hydrogen and CO2.

Results
We engineered Escherichia coli towards improved conversion of formate into H2 and CO2 by inactivating the formate hydrogen lyase repressor (hycA), both uptake hydrogenases (hyaAB, hybBC) and/or overexpressing the hydrogen formate lyase activator (fhlA), in an acetate kinase (ackA) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA)-deficient background strain. Initially 10 strains, with increasing number of modifications were evaluated in anaerobic serum bottles with respect to growth. Four reference strains ΔldhAΔackA, ΔldhAΔackA p3-fhlA, ΔldhAΔackAΔhycAΔhyaABΔhybBC and ΔldhAΔackAΔhycAΔhyaABΔhybBC p3-fhlA were further equipped with a plasmid carrying the heterologous ethanol acyltransferase (Eat1) from Wickerhamomyces anomalus and analyzed with respect to their ethyl acetate and hydrogen co-production capacity. Anaerobic co-production of hydrogen and ethyl acetate via Eat1 was achieved in 1.5-L pH-controlled bioreactors. The cultivation was performed at 30 °C in modified M9 medium with glucose as the sole carbon source. Anaerobic conditions and gas stripping were established by supplying N2 gas.

Conclusions
We showed that the engineered strains co-produced ethyl acetate and hydrogen to yields exceeding 70% of the pathway maximum for ethyl acetate and hydrogen, and propose in situ product removal via gas stripping as efficient technique to isolate the products of interest.
Improvement of XYL10C_∆N catalytic performance through loop engineering for lignocellulosic biomass utilization in feed and fuel industries
Authors: You Shuai , Zha Ziqian , Li Jing , Zhang Wenxin , Bai Zhiyuan , Hu Yanghao , Wang Xue , Chen Yiwen , Chen Zhongli , Wang Jun , Luo Huiying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundXylanase, an important accessory enzyme that acts in synergy with cellulase, is widely used to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. Thermostable enzymes with good catalytic activity at lower temperatures have great potential for future applications in the feed and fuel industries, which have distinct demands; however, the potential of the enzymes is yet to be researched.ResultsIn this study, a structure-based semi-rational design strategy was applied to enhance the low-temperature catalytic performance ofBisporasp. MEY-1 XYL10C_∆N wild-type (WT). Screening and comparisons were performed for the WT and mutant strains. Compared to the WT, the mutant M53S/F54L/N207G exhibited higher specific activity (2.9-fold; 2090 vs. 710 U/mg) and catalytic efficiency (2.8-fold; 1530 vs.550 mL/s mg) at 40 °C, and also showed higher thermostability (the melting temperature and temperature of 50% activity loss after 30 min treatment increased by 7.7 °C and 3.5 °C, respectively). Compared with the cellulase-only treatment, combined treatment with M53S/F54L/N207G and cellulase increased the reducing sugar contents from corn stalk, wheat bran, and corn cob by 1.6-, 1.2-, and 1.4-folds, with 1.9, 1.2, and 1.6 as the highest degrees of synergy, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provides useful insights into the underlying mechanism and methods of xylanase modification for industrial utilization. We identified loop2 as a key functional area affecting the low-temperature catalytic efficiency of GH10 xylanase. The thermostable mutant M53S/F54L/N207G was selected for the highest low-temperature catalytic efficiency and reducing sugar yield in synergy with cellulase in the degradation of different types of lignocellulosic biomass.Graphic Abstract
Revalorization of sunflower stalk pith as feedstock for the coproduction of pectin and glucose using a two-step dilute acid pretreatment process
Authors: Zhang Qibo , Cheng Lu , Ma Xutong , Zhou Xin , Xu Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Sunflower stalk pith, residue from the processing of sunflower, is rich in pectin and cellulose, thereby acting as an economic raw material for the acquisition of these compounds. In order to increase the commercial value of sunflower processing industry, a two-step dilute sulfuric acid treatment process was conducted on spent sunflower stalk pith to obtain the value-added products, pectin and glucose.

Results
In this study, pectin was firstly extracted under mild acid condition to avoid pectin degradation, which was conducted at 90 °C with a pH of 2.0 for 2 h, and ~0.14 g/g of pectin could be recovered. Then the remaining solids after pectin extraction were subjected to the reinforced treatment process with 0.75% H2SO4 at 150 °C for 30 min to further improve enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Moreover, by combining a fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis strategy, a solid loading content of 16% was successfully achieved and the glucose titer reached 103.1 g/L with a yield of 83.6%.

Conclusion
Finally, ~140 g pectin and 260 g glucose were produced from 1 kg of raw sunflower stalk pith using the integrated biorefinery process. This work puts forward a two-step dilute acid pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis method to produce pectin and glucose from sunflower spent waste.
Nivolumab in combination with radiotherapy for metastatic esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma after esophagectomy: a case report
Authors: Takagi Kuniyasu , Kamada Teppei , Fuse Yoshinobu , Kai Wataru , Takahashi Junji , Nakashima Keigo , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Yoshida Masashi , Okada Shinya , Ohdaira Hironori , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, and no effective second-line treatment is available. Herein, we describe a case of multiple metastases after primary resection of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma successfully treated with nivolumab plus radiotherapy in a short time.

Case presentation
A man in his 70s presented to our hospital after an abnormality was detected on an upper gastrointestinal series. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a type 2 tumor spanning the endothelial cell junction to the abdominal esophagus. Histopathological examination of the biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient had no distant metastases. Thoracoscopic esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma with features of adenoid cystic-like carcinoma and squamoid pattern (pT2 [MP], INF a, ly1, v1 [EVG], pIM0, pDM0, pRM0, pN1 [1/28], M0; Stage II), which was positive for synaptophysin. The postoperative course was good, with no complications. The patient was treated with 100 mg of irinotecan and 100 mg of cisplatin, administered every 4 weeks, as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Grade 3 loss of appetite was observed, and adjuvant chemotherapy was discontinued after four cycles of first-line treatment. A positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan 3 years after surgery showed abnormal uptake in the subaortic, left hilar, and left axillary lymph nodes, and in a mass in the right lung apex. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma postoperatively. First-line treatment could not be repeated due to toxicity from the initial treatment. Nivolumab (240 mg every 2 weeks) was administered as second-line treatment, and radiotherapy was started (56 Gy delivered in 28 fractions to the local [subaortic and hilar] lymph nodes). After 10 cycles of nivolumab in combination with radiotherapy (56 Gy), a positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan showed disappearance of all lesions. A complete response was achieved. Maintenance therapy (240 mg of nivolumab) was continued. No recurrence has been observed for 42 months.

Conclusions
We experienced a case in which nivolumab in combination with radiotherapy was effective for metastatic esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma after primary resection.
Performance of automated CT ASPECTS in comparison to physicians at different levels on evaluating acute ischemic stroke at a single institution in China
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , Raynald  , Jin Hailan , Yin Yin , Yang Guangming , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the automated computer-based Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (e-ASPECTS) for acute stroke patients and compare the result with physicians at different levels.

Methods
In our center, e-ASPECTS and 9 physicians at different levels retrospectively and blindly assessed baseline computed tomography (CT) images of 55 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, receiver-operating characteristic curves, Bland–Altman plots with mean score error, and Matthews correlation coefficients were calculated. Comparisons were made between the scores by physicians and e-ASPECTS with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) being the ground truth. Two methods for clustered data were used to estimate sensitivity and specificity in the region-based analysis.

Results
In total, 1100 (55 patients × 20 regions per patient) ASPECTS regions were scored. In the region-based analysis, sensitivity of e-ASPECTS was better than junior doctors and residents (0.576 vs 0.165 and 0.111, p < 0.05) but inferior to senior doctors (0.576 vs 0.617). Specificity was lower than junior doctors and residents (0.883 vs 0.971 and 0.914) but higher than senior doctors (0.883 vs 0.809, p < 0.05). E-ASPECTS had the best Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.529, compared to senior doctors, junior doctors, and residents (0.463, 0.251, and 0.087, respectively).

Conclusions
e-ASPECTS showed a similar performance to that of senior physicians in the assessment of brain CT of acute ischemic stroke patients with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score method.
Comprehensive characterization and clinical relevance of the SWI/SNF copy number aberrations across human cancers
Authors: Xing Zhiwei , Ma Buhuan , Sun Weiting , Sun Yimin , Liu Caixia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Alterations in genes encoding chromatin regulatory proteins are prevalent in cancers and may confer oncogenic properties and molecular changes linked to therapy resistance. However, the impact of copy number alterations (CNAs) of the SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) complex on the oncogenic and immunologic properties has not been systematically explored across human cancer types.

Methods
We comprehensively analyzed the genomic, transcriptomic and clinical data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset across 33 solid cancers.

Results
CNAs of the SWI/SNF components were identified in more than 25% of all queried cancers, and tumors harboring SWI/SNF CNAs demonstrated a worse overall survival (OS) than others in several cancer types. Mechanistically, the SCNA events in the SWI/SNF complex are correlated with dysregulated genomic features and oncogenic pathways, including the cell cycle, DNA damage and repair. Notably, the SWI/SNF CNAs were associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and improved clinical outcomes of platinum-treated ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we observed distinct immune infiltrating patterns and immunophenotypes associated with SWI/SNF CNAs in different cancer types.

Conclusion
The CNA events of the SWI/SNF components are a key process linked to oncogenesis, immune infiltration and therapeutic responsiveness across human cancers.
Including the voice of people living with viral hepatitis: lessons learned from Japan to accelerate progress towards global hepatitis elimination
Authors: Yonezawa Atsuko , Grant Rebecca , Shimakawa Yusuke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the growing momentum created by the WHO for eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, the global response is still slow and more actions are needed to meet the elimination goals, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Japan is one of a handful of countries currently on track to achieve the WHO hepatitis elimination targets by 2030. To better understand the successful control of viral hepatitis in Japan, it is important to recognize the role of the patient association for viral hepatitis, known as the “Japan Hepatitis Council”, which celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2021. The greatest impact of the Japan Hepatitis Council has been in achieving wider access to antiviral treatments for viral hepatitis. The example of Japan and the Japan Hepatitis Council highlights the need for the engagement of civil society and patient groups to ensure equitable access to hepatitis services and to accelerate the global hepatitis elimination.
Feasibility analysis on the construction of a web solution for hydrometeorological forecasting considering water body management and indicators for the SARS-COV-2 pandemic
Authors: Dantas da Silva Júnior José Roberto , Pedruzzi Rizzieri , de Souza Filipe Milani , Ferraz Patrick Silva , Silva Daniel Guimarães , Vieira Carolina Sacramento , de Moraes Marcelo Romero , Nascimento Erick Giovani Sperandio , Moreira Davidson Martins 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current scenario of a global pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19), highlights the importance of water studies in sewage systems. In Brazil, about 35 million Brazilians still do not have treated water and more than 100 million do not have basic sanitation. These people, already exposed to a range of diseases, are among the most vulnerable to COVID-19. According to studies, places that have poor sanitation allow the proliferation of the coronavirus, been observed a greater number of infected people being found in these regions. This social problem is strongly related to the lack of effective management of water resources, since they are the sources for the population's water supply and the recipients of effluents stemming from sanitation services (household effluents, urban drainage and solid waste). In this context, studies are needed to develop technologies and methodologies to improve the management of water resources. The application of tools such as artificial intelligence and hydrometeorological models are emerging as a promising alternative to meet the world's needs in water resources planning, assessment of environmental impacts on a region's hydrology, risk prediction and mitigation. The main model of this type, WRF-Hydro Weather Research and Forecasting Model), represents the state of the art regarding water resources, as well as being the object of study of small and medium-sized river basins that tend to have less water availability. hydrometeorological data and analysis. Thus, this article aims to analyze the feasibility of a web tool for greater software usability and computational cost use, making it possible to use the WRF-Hydro model integrated with Artificial Intelligence tools for short and medium term, optimizing the time of simulations with reduced computational cost, so that it is able to monitor and generate a predictive analysis of water bodies in the MATOPIBA region (Maranhão-Tocantins-Piauí-Bahia), constituting an instrument for water resources management. The results obtained show that the WRF-Hydro model proves to be an efficient computational tool in hydrometeorological simulation, with great potential for operational, research and technological development purposes, being considered viable to implement the web tool for analysis and management of water resources and consequently, assist in monitoring and mitigating the number of cases related to the current COVID-19 pandemic. This research are in development and represents a preliminary results with future perspectives.
Abiraterone Acetate in Patients With Castration-Resistant, Androgen Receptor–Expressing Salivary Gland Cancer: A Phase II Trial
Authors: Locati Laura D. , Cavalieri Stefano , Bergamini Cristiana , Resteghini Carlo , Colombo Elena , Calareso Giuseppina , Mariani Luigi , Quattrone Pasquale , Alfieri Salvatore , Bossi Paolo , Platini Francesca , Capone Iolanda , Licitra Lisa 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE The activity of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in androgen receptor–positive (AR+) salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) has been established in the past few years. Second-line treatment in castration-resistant patients is still unknown. We investigated the activity of abiraterone acetate as second-line treatment in ADT-resistant, AR+ patients with SGC. METHODS This was a single-institution phase II trial. A two-stage Simon's design was applied. The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate. Secondary end points were disease control rate, safety, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Patients were eligible when the following criteria were met: histologic diagnosis of AR-overexpressing SGC, measurable disease according to RECIST 1.1, clinical and/or radiologic progression on ADT, suppressed serum testosterone, and no limits for the number of previous chemotherapy lines. All patients received abiraterone 1 g daily plus prednisone 10 mg and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist until progression or unacceptable toxicities. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, 24 AR+ patients with SGC (23 men; median age 65.8 years) were treated within the study. The overall response rate was 21% (5 partial responses), with a disease control rate of 62.5%. The median duration of response was 5.82 months. Median progression-free survival was 3.65 months (95% CI, 1.94 to 5.89), and median overall survival was 22.47 months (95% CI, 6.74 to not reached). Objective response to previous ADT did not correlate with the activity of abiraterone. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded in 22 cases (92%) with grade 3 AEs in six patients (25%): fatigue (two), flushing (one), supraventricular tachycardia (one), and two non–drug-related AEs. No drug-related grade 4 or 5 AEs were recorded. CONCLUSION Abiraterone plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist is active and safe as a second-line option in AR-expressing, castration-resistant SGC.
Organizational Justice and Long-term Metabolic Trajectories: A 25-Year Follow-up of the Whitehall II Cohort
Authors: Varga Tibor V , Xu Tianwei , Kivimäki Mika , Mehta Amar J , Rugulies Reiner , Rod Naja H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Organizational justice has been linked to lower risk of several chronic conditions among employees, but less is known about the long-term mechanisms underlying this risk reduction.

Objective
To assess whether self-reported organizational justice is associated with individual and composite long-term metabolic trajectories.

Design
Twenty-five-year follow-up of the Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

Setting
Middle-aged public servants from the United Kingdom.

Participants
Data on 8182 participants were used.

Main Outcome Measures
Levels of 11 anthropometric, glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure biomarkers were measured at 5 timepoints (1991–2013). We used generalized estimating equations and group-based trajectory modeling to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and biomarker trajectories.

Results
High vs low organizational justice were associated with lower waist (−1.7 cm) and hip (−1 cm) circumference, body mass index (−0.6 kg/m2), triglycerides (−1.07 mmol/L), and fasting insulin (−1.08 µIU/mL) trajectories. Two latent metabolic trajectory clusters were identified: a high- and a low-risk cluster. High organizational justice (vs low) were associated with belonging to the low-risk cluster (pooled odds ratio = 1.47). The low-risk cluster demonstrated lower baseline levels of most biomarkers and better glycemic control, whereas the high-risk cluster showed higher baseline levels of most biomarkers, glycemic deterioration, but also greater improvements in lipid levels over time.

Conclusions
People with high organizational justice had more favorable long-term cardiometabolic biomarker patterns than those with low organizational justice, indicating a potential mechanism contributing to the lower risk of chronic diseases in the first group. Further intervention studies are warranted to determine whether improvement of organizational justice might improve long-term health.
SISI GELAP SMARTPHONE: FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETERGANTUNGAN DAN NIAT PEMBELIAN ULANG
Authors: Hadi Antonius Satria 
Published: October 2021

In this digital era, smartphones are considered a primary need in everyday life. A person's behavior that reflects the dependence on smartphones is when most of their activities were spent using a smartphone. This study aims to analyze the relationship among variables convenience, social influence, and social need towards the dependence on smartphones. Then, this study analyzed the relationship of dependence on smartphones towards repurchase intention. Respondents of this study were undergraduate students in Yogyakarta who are using smartphones for their daily activities. The analytical technique used in this study was structural equation modeling using LISREL 10.1 software. This study proposed four hypotheses then the result showed that all hypotheses were accepted.
Ultrathin miniLED backlight system using optical film with microstructures
Authors: Feng Qibin , Xiao Huili , Yang Ling , Zhu Biao , Yuan Ye , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang 
Published: October 2021

Backlight units (BLUs) with miniLEDs as light sources can help improve display contrast and decrease the thickness of a liquid crystal display. Different from the current solutions of a diffuser film and secondary lens, the paper proposes a total-inner-reflection-based design method. The profile of a microstructure is decided when the powers of the rays reflected by the microstructure reach the maximum. Both simulated and experimental results show that uniformity can satisfy the requirement when the source-screen gap is 1 mm. With ultrathin thickness and no requirement for precise positioning, the designed miniLED BLU presents strong practicability.