bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Delonix regia Extract, Characterization and its Application as Adsorbent for Removal of Cu (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Abu-Dief Ahmed M. , Abdel-Rahman Laila H. , Abd– ElSayed M. A. , Zikry Mallak Megalea 
Published: August 2021

In this research synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a green method is studied. The high importance of silver nanoparticles using extract of Delonix regia (DREAgNs) is due to their unique properties, such as non-expensive, easily available and have application in water treatment. Synthesized silver nanoparticles AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer to indicate the synthesis of AgNPs by green methods. The maximum absorbance of UV-Vis. analysis at wavelength 464 nm. (FT-IR) spectra to indicate the functional groups of phytochemical compounds at Delonix regia extract (DRE) and the silver nanoparticles (DREAgNPs) and also shows the role of active chemical constituents in stabilization and reduction of (DREAgNPs). Based on the transmission electron microscopy image analyses (TEM) confirmed the formation of spherical DREAgNPs with a particle size range of 20-50 nm with an average particle size of 35 nm. The Cu2+ ion adsorption process was studied by (DREAgNPs). The Cu2+ ions removal efficiency (R. E.) is 88.4 % at an initial concentration 15 ppm. Removal efficiency (R. E.) decreases as the Cu2+ ion concentration increases. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies confirmed that the biosorption process was endothermic and the positive value of ΔG° is quite common when an ion-exchange mechanism applies in the biosorption. The Positive value of ΔS◦ suggested an increase in randomness during the biosorption. The Freundlich isotherm has a good fit with the experimental data (R2 =0.99) compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.90). This study shows that DREAgNPs are available, low cost, effective and environment friendlly biosorbent for the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous environment.
Heavy Metals Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Three Fish Species, Surface Water and Sediment Samples in Ogbaru Axis of River Niger, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojaniyi Opeyemi F. , Okoye Patrice A. C. , Omokpariola Daniel O. 
Published: August 2021

Human activities on environmental resources have negatively affected floras and faunas in maintaining fair balance. In this research study, selected heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn) concentration in three fish species (Clarias gariepinus, Heterotis niloticus and Anguilla labiate), surface water and sediment samples in Ogbaru axis of River Niger, Anambra State, Nigeria. We evaluated the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Al, Cd) analysis in fish samples showed that Cr was detected in Clarias garipinus and Anguilla labiate with a concentration of 0.001mg/kg in both species but was not detected in Heterotis niloticus. Hg and Al were not detected in Anguilla labiate but both metals were detected in the other fish species with a mean concentration of 0.311mg/kg and 0.019mg/kg respectively for Clarias garipinus and 0.001mg/kg and 0.005mg/kg respectively for Heterotis niloticus. In decreasing order, the heavy metal concentration in Clarias garipinus in increasing order of Cu >Fe > Ni > Hg > Pb > Zn > As > Cd > Al > Cr, while Heterotis niloticus followed the order Cu > Zn > Fe > Ni > Pb > Cd > Al > As > Hg > Cr, and Anguilla labiate followed the pattern of Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > As > Hg > Al. For surface water, As (0.005mg/l), Cd (0.032 mg/l), Cr (0.099 mg/l), Cu (0.186 mg/l), Fe (2.308 mg/l), Hg (1.501 mg/l) and Pb (0.724 mg/l) showed high concentration for the raining season compared to dry season, as Al (0.246 mg/l), Ni (0.773 mg/l) and Zn (2.903 mg/l) were dominant during dry season, while sediment samples of Cr (0.112 mg/kg), Cu (0.029 mg/kg), Ni (0.945 mg/kg) and Pb (0.039 mg/kg) concentration in raining season were higher than dry season and vice versa for other As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Zn. Correlation matrices showed positive value showing that heavy metals were from a similar source with migration route and vice versa for negative correlation. Health and exposure risk assessment was conducted for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure in adults and children, where the cumulative cancer risk was within USEPA regulatory standard (1.0E-6 – 1.0E-04) and cumulative hazard index were above 1 for adults (2.02) and children (4.93), implying that children are at risk of having adverse health issues compared to adults. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory advocacy and special care to mitigate anthropogenic release and safeguard the environment.
Derivatizing Reagents for Detection of Organic Compounds By HPLC
Authors: Chhanikar Pooja T. , Gupta Krishna R. , Umekar Milind J. 
Published: August 2021

Derivatization is the process of chemically modifying a compound to develope a new compound which has properties that are suitable for analysis using HPLC. Derivatization improves the detectability of a target analyte by reaction with suitable derivatizing agent. Derivatization reactions are simple chemical modification of substance that make it compatible with the selected separation method or transforms substance with a low UV- absorption into highly sensitive product. Derivatization reactions in liquid chromatography modify the solutes adding a chomophore for easy UV detection or a fluorophore for sensitive fluorescent detection. The chemical structure of the compound remains same and just modifies the specific functional group for reacting compounds to derivative of deviating chemical and physical properties in order to make them detectable. Introduction of certain elements or groups through chemical derivatization may enhance the detector’s response helpful for the elucidation of structure of analytes. In conclusion, the present review describe various derivatization reagents for pre-column and post column derivatization process in HPLC by UV-visible and fluorescence detection are summarized along with reactions and some practical aspects. The commonly used derivatizing reagents in HPLC are 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene, ninhydrine, 4-N-N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4’-sulfonyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, phenyl isocyanate for UV-visible detection and o-phthalaldehyde, fluorescamine, 1-dimethylaminonapthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (DNS-Cl), 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl), benzofurans for Fluorescence detection.
A Study on Production and Marketing Constraints of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Growers in Bishnupur District of Manipur
Authors: Tongbram Kenjit , Singh Y. Chakrabarty , Singh Oinam Krishnadas 
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to analyze the production and marketing constraints of French beans in the Bishnupur district of Manipur. The primary data was collected through a personal interview technique from 100 respondent farmers. Garrett's ranking technique was used for the analysis. Higher cost of labor, pesticide and fertilizer, inadequate irrigation facilities, high seed cost, non-availability of labor, credit, and seed on time, and lack of technical guidance and credit facilities were the main constraint’s found during the production. In case of marketing constraints, price fluctuation high perishability of the produce, high transportation cost and lack of transportation and storage facilities, presence of an exploitative middleman, bandhs and strikes, untimely payment of sale, lack of price and market information, and absence of regulated markets were the major constraints. These constraints are giving huge hindrances to the farmers during the production and marketing and hence proper remedies should be imposed so that the production and marketing of this particular crop can be improved efficiently.
Photon Shielding Characterization of SiO2-PbO-CdO-TiO2 Glasses for Radiotheraphy Shielding Application
Authors: Mustapha Idris M. , James Atimga B. , Bello Sulayman M. 
Published: August 2021

In this study, photon attenuation parameters of (30-x) SiO2–15PbO–10CdO-xTiO2, with x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% mol, were determined and their application as shielding material were discussed. The WinXCOM software was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses for the energy range (0.015-15MeV). The mass attenuation coefficient of the glass samples first decline up to 0.09 MeV and slightly increase abruptly and then declined uniformly for all the glasses to approximately zero after about 10 MeV. The effective atomic number (Zeff) was also calculated for the glass samples and were observe to raise from 0.015 to 0.02 MeV and then decreased between 0.02-5 MeV. On account of the dominance of the photoelectric effect in the low energy region, there was a sudden increase in Zeff at about 0.08 MeV close to the absorption edge of the Pb (0.088 MeV). The rapid increment was observed at 0.1–1.5 MeV by transcending typical Compton scattering interaction at intermediate energies for Zeff'’s and began to decrease in the same form again. The lower Zeff values were found in low and high energy region for all SPCT glasses. The calculated mean free path, half value layer and tenth value layer values were observe to decline as the TiO2 doping of the glasses increased which accounts for the three photon interaction mechanisms effectiveness in the variation of MFP and HVL values with energy. It can be concluded that SPCT glasses may be considered an alternative material for radiation shielding practices.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management and Plant Growth Regulator on Generation of Recyclable Biomass in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Based Cropping System
Authors: Mishra G. , Karna A. K. , Sahoo S. C. , Pattanayak S. K. , Maheswarappa H. P. 
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted in the tropical coastal climate of Bhubaneswar by taking five crop combinations. Coconut was grown as main crop along with four component crops; banana, guava, pineapple and colocasia in a system. Different nutrient sources were used and crop specific growth regulators were applied at specific growth stages. The study was conducted to assess the effects of cropping system, nutrient and growth management practices on the generation of recyclable biomass from coconut as well as from the system as a whole. The biomass was calculated on the basis of dry weight of the plant products. The production of total recyclable biomass was found highest (18.5 t/ha) in the cropping system where the plants were managed with 50 % RDF+ 50 % N (organic recycling with vermicompost + in situ green manuring + vermicompost wash) with biofertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs). The sole cropping of coconut was found to have lowest production of the same. The cropping system which is managed with fully organic sources of nutrient without any growth regulator was found least among all other systems except the sole cropping. The incorporation of intercrop has increseaed the amount of plant recyclable biomass to the extent of double than the coconut.
Knowledge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors among Final Year Students in a Tertiary Institution
Authors: Ghazali A. K. , Ayeni F. A. , Effiong D. E. 
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective: Chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly emerging as leading causes of morbidity and premature mortalities globally, with greater effect being felt in low and middle income nations. As poor health behaviours practised in youthful years have been implicated in developing NCDs in later years in life, It is important to understand the level of awareness of young people regarding NCDs in order to remedy any knowledge gaps and encourage healthy practices among them that will reduce the burden of these diseases in later life. This study seeks to describe the knowledge of two groups of final year students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria on the awareness and knowledge of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors.
Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey at the University of Lagos, Nigeria during the 2017/2018 academic session. A sample size of 422 final year students were used with convenient stratification. Self administered questionnaires was distributed to the class of students who consented to participating in the study. The questionnaires were used to assess the level of awareness of the students of non communicable diseases and their risk factors. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: A result of 94.7% was obtained. The results show 89.5% versus 65% of students in health related discipline (college of medicine campus) and those in Akoka campus respectively had good knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors while 10.5% versus 35% had poor knowledge.
Conclusion: Students in the campus of college of medicine had more knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors. Campus location of students had statistically significant relationship with awareness and knowledge on NCDs. (p, <0.05).
Childhood Exposure to Interparental Physical Violence and Adult Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cui Cancan , Liu Lin , Li Haibin , Qi Yitian , Song Jiayin , Han Ning , Wang Zhijia , Shang Xinyun , Sheng Chen , Balmer Lois , Wu Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceChildhood adverse experiences have been linked with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the transgenerational associations between interparental behaviors and CVD remain poorly understood.ObjectivesTo explore the association between exposure to childhood interparental physical violence and the subsequent risk of CVD and to examine whether the association is modified by adult depressive symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study included data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), an ongoing study recruiting individuals aged 45 years or older, dated between June 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020, with a follow-up duration of 9 years. The data were analyzed from October 1, 2023, to May 10, 2024.ExposuresAn early life exposure questionnaire with information on the frequency of witnessing interparental physical violence was administered. Depressive symptoms were assessed via the validated 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome measures included self-reported physician-diagnosed heart disease (defined as myocardial infarction, angina, coronary heart disease, heart failure, or other heart problems) and stroke. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models using attained age as the time scale were conducted.ResultsOf 10 424 participants, the mean (SD) age was 58.1 (9.0) years, 5332 (51.2%) were female, and 872 (8.4%) reported exposure to interparental physical violence. Exposure to childhood interparental physical violence was associated with increased risks of adult-onset CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.20-1.55), heart disease (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17-1.57), and stroke (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.61). Participants exposed to childhood interparental physical violence had a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms (2371 of 9335 participants [25.4%]), which mediated 11.0% of the association between childhood interparental physical violence and CVD (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, childhood exposure to interparental physical violence was associated with a higher risk of adult-onset CVD, which was partially mediated by adult depressive symptoms. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies and policy efforts that address the social determinants of interparental violence and provide household education opportunities.
Development and application of a novel scintillation gel‐based 3D dosimetry system for radiotherapy
Authors: Li Hua , Jin Haijing , He Liang , Yan Xuewen , Zhang Hui , Li Deyuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study introduced a novel 3D dosimetry system for radiotherapy in order to address the limitations of traditional quality assurance methods in precision radiotherapy techniques.MethodsThe research required the use of scintillation material, optical measurements, and a dose reconstruction algorithm. The scintillation material, which mimics human soft tissue characteristics, served as a both physical phantom and a radiation detector. The dose distribution inside the scintillator can be converted to light distributions, which were measured by optical cameras from different angles and manifested as pixel values. The proposed dose reconstruction algorithm, LASSO‐TV, effectively reconstructed the dose distribution from pixel values, overcoming challenges such as limited projection directions and large‐scale matrices.ResultsVarious clinical plans were tested and validated, including a modified segment from the SBRT plan and IMRT clinical plan. The dosimetry system can execute full 3D dose determinations as a function of time with a spatial resolution of 1–2 mm, enabling high‐resolution measurements for dynamic dose distribution. Comparative analysis with mainstream device MapCHECK2 confirmed the accuracy of the system, with a relative measurement error of within 5%.ConclusionsTesting and validation results demonstrated the dosimetry system's promising potential for dynamic treatment quality assurance.
Dimensional Crossover and Dually Transitional Magnetoresistance in Vanadium Disulfide
Authors: Li Shuaixing , Liu Luhao , Dong Xiansheng , Xu Ke , Tang Jiachen , Li Yuan , Nie Yuefeng , Hao Yufeng , Shi Yi , Li Songlin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe concepts of quantum interference and charge localization have profoundly influenced the understanding of electronic conductivity in materials. While magnetoresistance behavior with monotonic or singly transitional dependence on applied magnetic fields is widely observed in different materials, it remains scarce to find one that features multiple transitions in magnetoresistance. Here, the effects of dimensional crossover on electronic and magneto‐transport behavior in vanadium disulfide (VS2) are reported. Dual transitions in magnetoresistance are observed in 5 nm VS2 nanosheets, resulting from the competition of multiple mechanisms relevant to charge transport as the external magnetic field changes. The nontrivial magneto‐transport phenomenon revealed in the system is attributed to the effect of strong electron correlation and the delicate interplay among spin, orbital, and structural degrees of freedom. These appealing physical properties make 2D VS2 a promising platform for exploring exotic electronic phenomena.
A Library of Seed@High‐Entropy‐Alloy Core–shell Nanocrystals With Controlled Facets for Catalysis
Authors: Hsiao Yueh‐Chun , Wu Cheng‐Yu , Lee Chih‐Heng , Huang Wen‐Yang , Thang Ho Viet , Chi Chong‐Chi , Zeng Wen‐Jing , Gao Jia‐Qi , Lin Chih‐Yi , Lin Jui‐Tai , Gardner Adrian M. , Jang Hansaem , Juang Ruai‐Hung , Liu Yi‐Hong , Mekhemer Islam M. A. , Lu Ming‐Yen , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chou Ho‐Hsiu , Kuo Chun‐Hong , Zhou Shan , Hsu Liang‐Ching , Chen Hsin‐Yi Tiffany , Cowan Alexander J. , Hung Sung‐Fu , Yeh Jien‐Wei , Yang Tung‐Han 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy‐alloy (HEA) nanocrystals hold immense potential for catalysis, offering virtually unlimited alloy combinations through the inclusion of at least five constituent elements in varying ratios. However, general and effective strategies for synthesizing libraries of HEA nanocrystals with controlled surface atomic structures remain scarce. In this study, a transferable strategy for developing a library of facet‐controlled seed@HEA nanocrystals through seed‐mediated growth is presented. The synthesis of seed@HEA core–shell nanocrystals incorporating up to ten different metallic elements, with control over the number of solid‐solution HEA atomic layers is demonstrated. Epitaxial HEA growth on nanocrystal seeds with low‐index and high‐index facets leads to the formation of seed@HEA catalyst library with composition‐ and facet‐dependent catalytic activities in both electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. In situ synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density‐functional theory calculations are employed to identify surface active sites of the HEA, rationalizing the high level of catalytic activities achieved. This work enables facet engineering in the multi‐elemental chemical space and unveils the critical needs for their future development toward catalysis.
Ultra‐Broadband Perfect Absorbers Based on Biomimetic Metamaterials with Dual Coupling Gradient Resonators
Authors: Ren Zhiyu , Yang Zaiqing , Mu Wangzhong , Liu Tie , Liu Xiaoming , Wang Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUltra‐broadband metamaterial absorbers can achieve near‐perfect absorption of omnidirectional electromagnetic waves, crucial for light utilization and manipulation. Traditional ultra‐broadband metamaterials rely on the superposition of different resonator units either in the plane or in perpendicular directions to broaden absorption peaks. However, this approach is subject to quantity restrictions and complicates the fabrication process. This study introduces a novel concept for broadband absorption metamaterial design—Metal–Insulator–Metal metamaterials with gradient resonators (GR‐MIMs) to surpass limitations in quantity and fabrication. The GR‐MIMs absorber features gradient resonant cavities in both nanoscale and microscale dimensions, each with continuous resonance points. By converting “resonance points” into “resonance bands” and perfectly coupling the two gradient resonators, the GR‐MIMs absorber with a thickness of only 200 nm demonstrates 93% ultra‐broadband high absorption across the UV, visible, near‐infrared, and mid‐infrared spectra (0.2–5 µm). Moreover, the solar spectrum absorption rate of the GR‐MIMs absorber can reach 94.5%, offering broad prospects for applications in solar energy utilization. The design of gradient resonators provides a new approach for the development of ultra‐broadband metamaterials and photothermal conversion metamaterials.