bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond velocity: Opportunities and challenges to quantify immune cell behavior*
Authors: Schienstock Dominik , Mueller Scott N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe analysis of cellular behavior using intravital multi‐photon microscopy has contributed substantially to our understanding of the priming and effector phases of immune responses. Yet, many questions remain unanswered and unexplored. Though advancements in intravital imaging techniques and animal models continue to drive new discoveries, continued improvements in analysis methods are needed to extract detailed information about cellular behavior. Focusing on dendritic cell (DC) and T cell interactions as an exemplar, here we discuss key limitations for intravital imaging studies and review and explore alternative approaches to quantify immune cell behavior. We touch upon current developments in deep learning models, as well as established methods from unrelated fields such as ecology to detect and track objects over time. As developments in open‐source software make it possible to process and interactively view larger datasets, the challenge for the field will be to determine how best to combine intravital imaging with multi‐parameter imaging of larger tissue regions to discover new facets of leukocyte dynamics and how these contribute to immune responses.
Huoxin pill prevents acute myocardial ischaemia injury via inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling
Authors: Wang Qing , Ma En , Wo Da , Chen Jinxiao , He Jia , Peng Jun , Zhu Weidong , Ren Dan‐ni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and due to the widespread and irreversible damage caused, new therapeutic treatments are urgently needed in order to limit the degree of ischaemic damage following MI. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway often occurs during cardiovascular diseases including MI, which results in excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further promotes myocardial dysfunction. Huoxin pill (HXP) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula that has been widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed mouse models of MI and examined the effects and mechanisms of HXP in protecting against MI‐induced ischaemic damage. Our study showed that administration with HXP robustly protected against MI‐induced cardiac injuries, decreased infarct size and improved cardiac function. Moreover, HXP attenuated ischaemia‐induced DNA damage occurrence in vivo and H2O2‐induced DNA damage occurrence in vitro, via potent inhibition of adverse Wnt/β‑catenin signalling activation. Our study thus elucidated the role and mechanism of HXP in protecting against MI and oxidative stress‐induced injuries and suggests new therapeutic strategies in ischaemic heart disease via inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Bartonellaspp. seroepidemiology and associations with clinicopathologic findings in dogs in the United States
Authors: Lashnits Erin , Thatcher Brendon , Carruth Ariel , Mestek Anton , Buch Jesse , Beall Melissa , Neupane Pradeep , Chandrashekar Ramaswamy , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproved understanding ofBartonellaspp. serology in dogs may aid clinical decision making.ObjectiveDescribe demographic and geographic patterns ofBartonellaspp. seroreactivity in dogs, and describe hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities inBartonellaspp. seroreactive and nonseroreactive dogs.AnimalsSerum samples from 5957 dogs in the United States, previously submitted to IDEXX Reference Laboratories.MethodsSerum was tested using 3 indirect ELISAs forB. henselae,B. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii, andB. koehlerae. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry panel results were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOverall, 6.1% of dogs wereBartonellaspp. seroreactive. Toy breeds were less likely to be seroreactive (3.9%) than mixed breeds (7.5%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32‐0.72), and dogs <1 year old were less likely to be seroreactive (3.4%) than dogs 1 to 5.5 years of age (7.3%; aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23‐0.72). Dogs in the West South Central (9.8%) and South Atlantic (8.8%) regions were more likely than dogs elsewhere in the United States to be seroreactive (aOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.31‐3.87; aOR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.38‐4.36).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDemographic and geographic findings forBartonellaspp. exposure were broadly comparable to previously reported patterns.
Repurposing medical devices as “button” esophagostomy tubes for extended nutritional support
Authors: Craven Melanie D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophagostomy tubes (E‐tubes) are widely utilized for extended nutritional support in dogs and cats. Problems associated with their use include the unwieldy excess (10‐20 cm) of external tubing, constant need for neck wraps and necessity for skin sutures, suture tract infection, and tube loss if sutures fail.ObjectivesTo evaluate 2 different, low profile (LP) “button” products intended for use in people as enteral (jejunostomy [J] and gastrojejunostomy [G‐J]) feeding tubes for suitability as LP E‐tubes in dogs and cats.AnimalsA young giant breed dog that required extended (>6 months) nutritional and fluid support during recovery from severe neurological illness with protracted adipsia, anorexia, and dysphagia.MethodsProspective evaluation of 2 commercially available LP feeding devices after placement of a standard E‐tube. An LP J‐tube and an LP G‐J tube were assessed in consecutive 4‐week trials, for tube retention, patient comfort, stoma health, and functionality.ResultsBoth products performed extremely and equally well as LP E‐tubes in this clinical patient, enhancing patient freedom and comfort by eliminating external tubing, skin sutures, and bandaging. The dual port G‐J tube allows medication delivery (eg, sucralfate) to the entire esophagus, but for safety alone (ie, to avoid aspiration), the single port J‐tube appears the best device for client‐owned patients.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe LP enteral feeding tubes from the human medical field can be successfully used as LP E‐tubes in dogs and cats, offering superior patient comfort, with no obvious detriment to the patient and main drawback of higher cost.
The fragmentation of public administration: Differentiated and decentered governance in the (dis)United Kingdom
Authors: Elliott Ian C. , Bottom Karin A. , Carmichael Paul , Liddle Joyce , Martin Steve , Pyper Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes a UK polity that is characterized by fragmentation, differentiation, and decentered governance which is evident at multiple layers of public policy and administration. The development of devolved governments as well as ongoing debates around regional and local governance have created increasingly fragmented places. The intensification of policies associated with the new public management has fragmented the provision of public services. And the absence of a common approach to professional development has led to growing fragmentation of public service workers from different professions and sectors. We argue that these trends reflect many of the aspects of an advanced or late‐stage new public governance. This is ripe territory for further research and demonstrates that UK public administration continues to have much to offer to international scholars. It also raises important questions about what forms of public administration might emerge next.
Reflecting on over 100 years of public administration education
Authors: Farrell Catherine , Hatcher William , Diamond John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPublic administration education has an interesting history rooted in numerous scholarly disciplines, such as sociology, political science, economics, and engineering. The article reflects on the last 100 years of scholarship on public administration education, starting with an article on the topic in the first issue of Public Administration in 1923. We provide a concise review focused on the development of public administration education over this time. Next, we discuss scholarship in top journals on public administration education, Journal of Public Affairs Education and Teaching Public Administration. We use Denhardt's (2001) big questions in public administration education as a framework to examine this scholarship. We conclude by discussing the future of public administration education and advocating a community‐based approach to pedagogy practice and research in the field.
A multiplex PCR marker distinguishes between a series of four LanFTc1 alleles regulating flowering time in narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)
Authors: Taylor Candy M. , van der Zanden Julian , Saradadevi Renu , Berger Jens D. , Kamphuis Lars G. , Pradhan Aneeta , Sharma Darshan , Nelson Matthew N. , Cowling Wallace A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe designed and validated a new multiplex PCR marker which discriminates between four insertion/deletion (INDEL) alleles in the 5′ regulatory region of a major flowering time gene in Lupinus angustifolius, LanFTc1. The four INDEL alleles were the wild‐type allele (ku) in variety ‘Geebung’ (G), a 1,208‐bp deletion allele in accession P22660 (P), a 1,423‐bp deletion allele (Ku) in variety ‘Tanjil’ (T) and a 5,162‐bp deletion allele (Jul) in variety ‘Krasnolistny’ (K). F2 PCR marker genotypes segregated as expected in populations K × G, K × T, P × G and P × T. Heritability of flowering times based on F2:3 parent:offspring correlation was high in K × G (0.81 ± 0.09), P × G (0.76 ± 0.10) and P × T (0.81 ± 0.11) but low in K × T (−0.04 ± 0.15) due to similar early‐flowering phenotypes produced by Ku and Jul. Progeny homozygous for the 1,208‐bp deletion allele resulted in a unique array of mid‐season phenology in the F2, F3 and F4 generations, which may improve agronomic adaptation. This multiplex PCR marker will improve the efficiency of introgression of the new INDELs into future lupin varieties.
Autogenous vaccination in aquaculture: A locally enabled solution towards reduction of the global antimicrobial resistance problem
Authors: Barnes Andrew C. , Rudenko Oleksandra , Landos Matt , Dong Ha Thanh , Lusiastuti Angela , Phuoc Le Hong , Delamare‐Deboutteville Jerome 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis with attention focussed on food supply as part of the ‘One Health’ integration of veterinary, environmental and public health. Aquaculture has been the fastest growing livestock sector in recent decades and is critical to nutritional security in many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). With ready access to antibiotics and limited availability of veterinary support, disease control with antibiotics is poorly informed, often unrecorded and high in many countries where aquaculture growth is fastest. Vaccination of fish in LMIC with locally produced autogenous vaccines against bacterial diseases may provide a locally driven, cost‐effective means of reducing antibiotic use, replicating the successes achieved during the growth of Norway's aquaculture industry. Autogenous vaccines, as part of an informed veterinary health programme, have several advantages in terms of intellectual property, efficacy and flexibility. We consider access to fish vaccines in example countries of high aquaculture importance, including Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. We contrast the success of antimicrobial reduction in Norwegian salmon aquaculture with the high antibiotic use in the Chilean industry where vaccines are available, finding that regulation, planning, husbandry and environmental problems may increase disease incidence and severity. We identify technical, bureaucratic and infrastructural transitions that could facilitate implementation of autogenous vaccination in LMIC aquaculture against challenging socio‐economic and environmental backgrounds. The benefits of autogenous vaccination to animal welfare, transboundary biosecurity, local farmer and industry economics, and to public health, favour implementation in aquaculture as a locally enabled solution to the global problem of antimicrobial resistance.
Bibenzyl synthesis in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Boddington Kelly F. , Soubeyrand Eric , Van Gelder Kristen , Casaretto José A. , Perrin Colby , Forrester Taylor J.B. , Parry Cameron , Al‐Abdul‐Wahid M. Sameer , Jentsch Nicholas G. , Magolan Jakob , Bozzo Gale G. , Kimber Matthew S. , Rothstein Steven J. , Akhtar Tariq A. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThis study focuses on the biosynthesis of a suite of specialized metabolites from Cannabis that are known as the ‘bibenzyls’. In planta, bibenzyls accumulate in response to fungal infection and various other biotic stressors; however, it is their widely recognized anti‐inflammatory properties in various animal cell models that have garnered recent therapeutic interest. We propose that these compounds are synthesized via a branch point from the core phenylpropanoid pathway in Cannabis, in a three‐step sequence. First, various hydroxycinnamic acids are esterified to acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) by a member of the 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase family (Cs4CL4). Next, these CoA esters are reduced by two double‐bond reductases (CsDBR2 and CsDBR3) that form their corresponding dihydro‐CoA derivatives from preferred substrates. Finally, the bibenzyl backbone is completed by a polyketide synthase that specifically condenses malonyl‐CoA with these dihydro‐hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA derivatives to form two bibenzyl scaffolds: dihydropiceatannol and dihydroresveratrol. Structural determination of this ‘bibenzyl synthase’ enzyme (CsBBS2) indicates that a narrowing of the hydrophobic pocket surrounding the active site evolved to sterically favor the non‐canonical and more flexible dihydro‐hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA substrates in comparison with their oxidized relatives. Accordingly, three point mutations that were introduced into CsBBS2 proved sufficient to restore some enzymatic activity with an oxidized substrate, in vitro. Together, the identification of this set of Cannabis enzymes provides a valuable contribution to the growing ‘parts prospecting’ inventory that supports the rational metabolic engineering of natural product therapeutics.
Providing whole blood for an urban paramedical ambulance system
Authors: Sayre Michael R. , Yang Betty Y. , Murphy David L. , Counts Catherine R. , Dang Maika , Ubaldi Peter , Tuott Erin E. , Hess John R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionHemorrhage is the second leading cause of death among urban trauma patients, and the provision of prehospital blood‐based resuscitation can be lifesaving. We developed an efficient system to support blood‐based resuscitation by an urban advanced life support ambulance system.MethodsWe worked with our state health department for permission for fire department paramedics to initiate blood transfusion and built protocols for field whole blood resuscitation. Our regional trauma center transfusion service provided 2 units of O positive, low‐titer, leukoreduced whole blood in an internally monitored and sealed ice box weighing 10 pounds to the fire department paramedic supervisor. When notified, the supervisor transported the blood to the sites of anticipated need. Total blood use and wastage were recorded.ResultsFollowing two public hearings, we obtained state‐wide approval for the initiation of emergency uncrossmatched blood transfusion by paramedics. Over a 1‐year period beginning August 27, 2019, 160 units of whole blood were made available for use, and 51 units were transfused to 39 patients, 30 of whom were trauma patients. Other recipients include patients in shock from massive gastrointestinal, peripartum, or other suspected bleeding. Unused units were returned to the providing transfusion service after 1 week and used for hospital patient care without loss. The estimated cost of providing blood per mission was $0.28 and per patient transfused was $1138.ConclusionsWith appropriate attention to detail, it is possible to provide whole blood to an urban paramedical ambulance system with efficient blood component usage, minimal blood wastage, and low cost.
Air Flow Acceleration Effect on Water Droplet Flow Behavior in Solid Rocket Motor
Authors: Abousabae Mohamed , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Investigating the mechanical erosion of the solid rocket motor convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle is essential to overcome its development barriers. Consequently, the break-up mechanism of the aluminum oxide agglomerates was studied to determine the influence of the exhaust gas flow acceleration during the flight. Water and air flows were used as a substitute for aluminum oxide and exhaust gases. Experiments were conducted at different water flowrates and constant air velocity, where the results were used to validate a numerical model. The results revealed an excellent acceptance between the numerical, the experimental data (6–19%), and the effect of increasing the water flowrate on the break-up mechanism. The validated numerical model was further used to study the airflow acceleration impact on the break-up process. It was found that applying acceleration to the airflow subjects the water surface to rapid and sudden changes in the relative velocity between the gas and liquid, thus separating more water fragments from the primary liquid. In other words, it enhances the break-up process by reducing the average diameter with a range from 6.5% to 9% compared to the no-acceleration case and increasing the average droplets’ number (8.5–17%).
Mass Advection–Diffusion in Creeping Flow Through an Orifice Plate: A Model for Nanoporous Atomically Thin Membranes
Authors: Atwal Harpreet K. , Wong Anika O. K. , Boutilier Michael S. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Continuum transport equations are commonly applied to nanopores in atomically thin membranes for simple modeling. Although these equations do not apply for nanopores approaching the fluid or solute molecule size, they can be reasonably accurate for larger nanopores. Relatively large graphene nanopores have applications in small particle filtration and appear as unwanted defects in large-area membranes. Solute transport rates through these nanopores determine the rejection performance of the membrane. Atomically thin membranes commonly operate in a regime where advection and diffusion both contribute appreciably to transport. Solute mass transfer rates through larger nanopores have previously been modeled by adding continuum estimates for pure diffusion and pure advection through an infinitesimally thick orifice plate, as if the separate contributions were independent. We show here that estimating the transport rate in this way is accurate to within 30%. We further derive an expression for the net mass transfer rate in advection–diffusion through an infinitesimal thickness orifice plate at low Reynolds numbers that is accurate to within 1% for positive Péclet numbers (where diffusion is in the same direction as advection) and applies for negative Péclet numbers as well. Based on our expression, we devise an equation for the net mass transfer rate in creeping flow through orifice plates of arbitrary thickness that matches finite volume calculations to within 3% for positive Péclet numbers. These simple but accurate analytical equations for mass transfer rates in creeping flow through an orifice plate are useful tools in constructing approximate transport models.
An Investigation of the Influence of Disciplinary Distance in Interdisciplinary Education Through Faculty’s Experience
Authors: Feng Xiaoqi , Hölttä-Otto Katja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interdisciplinary initiatives have been encouraged in higher education curricula, especially in mechanical engineering as a result of the industry’s calls for talent with multidisciplinary competencies to solve complex real-world problems. However, disciplinary distance, due to disciplinary differences, poses great challenges in interdisciplinary teaching and learning. How can interdisciplinary faculty members collaborate effectively in teaching? How can students with different backgrounds learn significant knowledge? Collaboration for interdisciplinary education across disciplines is challenging, as co-teachers are usually affiliated with different departments or even schools, and they tend to speak different disciplinary languages and value different disciplinary cultures. Similarly, students in engineering design teams come from different backgrounds. Consistent with Klein’s concepts of Wide Interdisciplinarity and Narrow Interdisciplinarity, we propose the concept of disciplinary distance to present the research findings of disciplinary differences and their implications on interdisciplinary teaching and learning. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of disciplinary distance, as manifested in interdisciplinary education from faculty members’ perspectives. From 13 semi-structured interviews, we find that disciplinary distance plays a vital role in interdisciplinary teaching and learning. It influences teamwork — both in co-teacher teams and student teams. Interdisciplinary course content and interdisciplinary co-teacher teams can also create a wide disciplinary distance that serves as a barrier for interdisciplinary learning. We further find that interdisciplinary collaboration may help to mediate the negative impact of disciplinary distance.
Application of Smart, Swarm and Small UAV’s for Methane Emission Reduction
Authors: An Di , Chen YangQuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present the research challenges and opportunities in methane reduction within the smart, swarm, and small Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAVs). Methane is a kind of greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global temperature warming and climate changes through trapping infrared radiation in the atmosphere. The related literature of the current methane measurements and suppression of methane approaches are reviewed, and they are often limited due to the maintenance, installment, and calibration requirements of these sensing systems. To overcome these limitations, an emerging technology, UAVs, as considered mobile sensors to measure and control methane emissions, would extend detection range and acquired fine-grained information that helps to capture methane emissions in a much effective way. However, many challenges need to be explored: In the sensing field, the improvement of positive methane detection rate, which contradicts the methane diffusion in the atmosphere. The swarm UAVs for optimal coverage control, the substances of suppression methane usage, and reaction time in the control field. Different methane diffusion disturbances types could affect the strategy of swarming UAVs movement, especially under wind field. Besides, we also talk about the impact of methane reduction and related technology development for the future. Finally, we concluded that the Digital Twin would be the next methane reduction revolution to prevent potential global warming.