bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol Derivatives
as Fungicidal Agents
Authors: Che Zhiping , Chen Genqiang , Zhu Lina , He Jiaxuan , Zhang Song , Li Yuanhao , Guo Xiaolong , Sun Di , Tian Yuee , Liu Shengming , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Developing the high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule greenfungicide
is the key to effective control of the plant pathogenic oomycetes. Essential oils play a
very important role in novel fungicide discovery for their unique sources and potential target sites.
Eugenol, a kind of plant essential oil, was mainly isolated from the unopened and dried flower
buds of Syzygium aromaticum of the Myrtaceae family. Due to its unique structural skeleton,
eugenol and its derivatives have exhibited a wide range of biological activities. However, a study
on the synthesis of novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives as fungicidal agents against
Phytophthora capsici has not yet been reported.

Methods:
Twenty-six novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives (3a-p and 5a-j) were
prepared and their structures were well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, and m.p. Their
fungicidal activity was evaluated against P. capsici by using the mycelial growth rate method.

Results:
To find novel natural-product-based fungicidal agents to control the plant pathogenic
oomycetes, we herein designed and synthesized two series of novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol
derivatives (3a-p and 5a-j) as fungicidal agents against P. capsici Leonian, in vitro. Results of
fungicidal activity revealed that, among all compounds, especially compounds 3a, 3f, and 3n
displayed the most potent anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 values of 79.05,
75.05, and 70.80, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results revealed that the anti-oomycete activity of eugenol with the sulfonyloxy
group was higher than that with the acyloxy group. It is suggested that the fungicidal activity of
eugenol can be improved by introducing the sulfonyloxy group. This will pave the way for further
design, structural modification, and development of eugenol derivatives as fungicidal agents.
A Review on Phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata
Authors: Rasul Azhar , Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Sarfraz Iqra , Hussain Ghulam , Nageen Bushra , Jabeen Farhat , Selamoğlu Zeliha , UÇAK İlknur , Asrar Muhammad , Adem Sevki 
Published: August 2021

:
Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae) is a small decumbent and delicate appearing
medicinal herb flourishing in warm temperate and tropical domains such as Pakistan and India.
Main bioactive chemical constituents of Oxalis plant include several alkaloids, flavonoids,
terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and phlobatannins, along with steroids. Due to its
polyphenolic, glycosides and flavonoid profile, it is proved to be protective in numerous ailments
and exhibit various biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, antibacterial,
anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective. Moreover, bioactive phytochemicals from this plant
possess significant wound healing potential. Our current effort intends to emphasize on the
immense significance of this plant species, which have not been the subject matter of clinical trials
and effective pharmacological studies, even though its favored usage has been stated. This review
proposes that Oxalis corniculata possess a potential for the cure of various diseases. However,
further researches on isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds along with pre-clinical
trials are compulsory to figure out its pharmacological applications.
Synthetic Attempts Towards Eminent Anti-viral Candidates of SARS-CoV
Authors: Kundu Subhradip , Sarkar Debayan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) aka SARS-CoV spread over southern China
for the first time in 2002-2003 and history repeated again since last year and took away lives of more
than two million people so far. On March 11, 2020 COVID-19 outbreak was officially declared as
pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). The entire world united to fight back against this
ultimate destruction. Around 90 vaccines are featured against SARS-CoV-2 and more than 300 active
clinical trials are underway by several groups and individuals. So far, no drugs have been currently
approved that can completely eliminate the deadly coronavirus. The promising SARS-CoV-2 antiviral
drugs are favipiravir, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and avifavir. In this review, we have discussed
the synthetic approaches elaborately made so far by different groups and chemical companies
all around the world towards top three convincing anti-viral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, which are
favipiravir, remdesivir and lopinavir.
Gene Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Per Aspera ad Astra
Authors: Tarantul Vyacheslav Z. , Gavrilenko Alexander V. 
Published: August 2021

:
Peripheral artery diseases remain a serious public health problem. Although there are many
traditional methods for their treatment using conservative therapeutic techniques and surgery, gene
therapy is an alternative and potentially more effective treatment option especially for “no-option” patients.
This review treats the results of many years of research and application of gene therapy as an
example of treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia. Data on successful and unsuccessful attempts
to use this technology for treating this disease are presented. Trends in changing the paradigm
of approaches to therapeutic angiogenesis are noted: from viral vectors to non-viral vectors, from gene
transfer to the whole organism to targeted transfer to cells and tissues, from single-gene use to combination
of genes; from DNA therapy to RNA therapy, from in vivo therapy to ex vivo therapy.
Recent Advances in Predicting Protein-lncRNA Interactions Using Machine
Learning Methods
Authors: Du Pu-Feng , Yu Han , Shen Zi-Ang , Zhou Yuan-Ke 
Published: August 2021

:
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a type of RNA with little or no protein-coding
ability. Their length is more than 200 nucleotides. A large number of studies have indicated that
lncRNAs play a significant role in various biological processes, including chromatin organizations,
epigenetic programmings, transcriptional regulations, post-transcriptional processing, and circadian
mechanism at the cellular level. Since lncRNAs perform vast functions through their interactions with
proteins, identifying lncRNA-protein interaction is crucial to the understandings of the lncRNA molecular
functions. However, due to the high cost and time-consuming disadvantage of experimental
methods, a variety of computational methods have emerged. Recently, many effective and novel machine
learning methods have been developed. In general, these methods fall into two categories: semisupervised
learning methods and supervised learning methods. The latter category can be further classified
into the deep learning-based method, the ensemble learning-based method, and the hybrid
method. In this paper, we focused on supervised learning methods. We summarized the state-of-the-art
methods in predicting lncRNA-protein interactions. Furthermore, the performance and the characteristics
of different methods have also been compared in this work. Considering the limits of the existing
models, we analyzed the problems and discussed future research potentials.
Transcription Factors in Deriving β Cell Regeneration: A Potential
Novel Therapeutic Target
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah , Vlasova Tatyana Ivanovna 
Published: August 2021

:
Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved in the molecular
biopathology field and researchers turned to evaluate the role, molecular mechanisms,
and clinical value of transcription factors in curing a variety of parenchymal degenerative
pathologies. Special agents have the capability to cell lineage reprogramming termed
transcription factors with a capacity for gene expression modification. Therefore,
whatever niche factor may modify gene expression is termed as a transcription factor. A
variety of transcription factors have been identified to participate in the regulation of
pancreatic stem cell maturation, differentiation, and proliferation; primarily, not only
Pdx1, NeuroG3, and MafA, but transcription factors can also transdifferentiate somatic
cells in between, liver and gallbladder cells into insulin-producing cells. These
heterogenic capabilities of the transcription factors are of clinical significance since they
can control cells' regeneration capacity. Physiologically, the pancreatic cells are
subdivided into exocrine and endocrine cells. Pancreatic endocrine dysfunction is
clinically more common and of more clinical relevance. The paper will illustrate the role
and possible mechanisms of transcription factors in the transdifferentiation of endodermderived
somatic cells into pancreatic beta-like cells. Clinically, understanding the
potential mechanisms in generating physiologic beta cells is extremely crucial to
optimize current therapies and evaluate new therapeutic targets via recruiting specific
transcription factors. The transcription factors can be applied to both types of diabetes
and chronic pancreatitis.
Anticancer Effect of Alginate-chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Curcumin and Chrysin on Lung and Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Torbati Mohammadali , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Abbasalizadeh Farhad , Alizadeh Effat , Bagher Fazljou Seyyed Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Objective:We conducted the present study to investigate the anticancer effects of curcumin and chrysin loaded in the alginate-chitosan hydrogel on breast cancer (T47D) and lung cancer (A549).Background:Cancer, which is defined as abnormal cell growth, is one of the biggest public health problems in the world. Natural compounds, such as polyphenols, are used as chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic agents in different types of cancer owing to their antioxidant, antineoplastic, and cytotoxic properties. To improve their bioavailability and releasing behavior, hydrogel systems with high drug loadingg, stability and hydrophilic nature have been designed.Methods:The curcumin-chrysin-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogels were prepared through the ionic gelation mechanism utilizing CaCl2. The prepared hydrogels were studied by using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The MTT and DAPI staining assays were employed for cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies of curcumin-chrysin- loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogels. The effects of the curcumin-chrysin-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogels on the cell cycle of cell lines T47D and A549 were also evaluated using the propidium iodide staining.Results:The curcumin-chrysin-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogels could significantly (p<0.05) reduce the viability and induce apoptosis. Morover G2/M causes arrest of the cell cycle in both A549 and T47D cell lines.Conclusion:The alginate-chitosan hydrogels could work best as an enhanced anticancer drug delivery system.
The Efficient Synthesis of 2-(3-Carbamoylpyridine-2-yl) Nicotinamide Pyridine
Salts
Authors: Zhang Lei-Yang , Geng Jing-Bo , Wang Nai-Xing , Wu Yue-Hua , Yan Zhan , Xu Bao-Cai , Xing Yalan 
Published: August 2021

:
The synthesis of axially chiral compounds has attracted a great deal of attention in
recent years. Herein, an efficient and economical synthetic route has been developed for 2-(3-
carbamoylpyridin-2-yl) nicotinamide pyridine salts, axially chiral compounds. The starting material
1,10-phenanthroline is readily available. In this study, 2-(3-carbamoylpyridin-2-yl) nicotinamide
pyridine salts are obtained in moderate to good yields. This protocol includes simple
operations and has easy scalability. In addition, the axial chirality of the products is also preliminary
studied.
Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Substituted Quinolines as New Apoptosis Inducers and Anticancer Agents: Pharmacophore-based Design
Authors: Dayani Hiren , Jha Abhishek , Ghate Manjunath , Vyas Vivek K. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Cancer is a global health burden and the leading cause of death across the
world after cardiovascular disease.

Objective:
The objective of this work was the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of
2-phenylquinolin-4-amine derivatives as apoptosis inducers and anticancer agents.

Methods:
In this study, we performed ligand-based pharmacophore modeling as a promising design
strategy for the design of substituted quinoline derivatives as apoptosis inducers and anticancer
agents. The designed compounds were synthesized as 2-phenylquinolin-4-amine derivatives and
characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds were
screened for apoptosis-inducing activity using caspase-3 activation and annexine-FITC assays, and
also screened against cancer cell line (HT-29) in an antiproliferative assay.

Results:
Synthesized compounds 7a, and 7d demonstrated EC50 values of 6.06 and 6.69 μM in
caspase-3 activation assay, respectively, and also showed late stage induction of apoptosis in annexine
assay. Synthesized compounds 7a, 7d and 7i, also exhibited good antiproliferative activity with
IC50 values of 8.12, 9.19, and 11.34 μM, respectively, which revealed that these are promising apoptosis
inducers for the further development of new anticancer agents.
Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic
Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Mancini de Sousa Marcella , Nakata Mariana Tiemi Kishida , Baldini Carlos Eduardo Slateff , de Oliveira-Sales Elizabeth Barbosa , Boim Mirian Aparecida , Maquigussa Edgar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common form of diabetes. The initial treatment
of type 2 DM consists of the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits together with several classes
of hypoglycemic agents. However, these medications are not always able to reduce the blood glucose
levels in all patients. Therefore, creatine supplementation has emerged as a new putative candidate
for type 2 DM treatment. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects (benefits and
harms) of creatine supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes through a systematic review.
The studies were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL
databases, without date or language restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed using
the Cochrane risk-of-bias table. The certainty of the evidence was classified using the Grading of
Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Three randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) were included (87 participants). Overall, the methodological quality was classified
as unclear to a high risk of bias. Each trial compared creatine supplementation with a different
control group (placebo, metformin, and glibenclamide). Creatine supplementation seems to be effective
in decreasing glycemic levels and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations compared to
placebo. No difference was observed compared to metformin or glibenclamide with creatine, and
all treatments were able to reduce blood glucose levels. No major adverse effects were observed.
Based on the low certainty of evidence, creatine supplementation was shown to be a hypoglycemic
intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes, without major adverse events reported. However, well-
designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and long-term outcomes are needed to support this evidence.
Antihyperglycemic Effect of Fenugreek and Ginger in Patients with Type 2
Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Elsaadany Mohamed A. , AlTwejry Hussah M. , Zabran Rwabi A. , AlShuraim Sara A. , AlShaia Wala'a A. , Abuzaid Omar I. , AlBaker Waleed I. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide chronic, complex, and
progressive disease that usually requires combination therapy for improved glycemic control.
Although conventional medicine showed more potency than herbal medicine, a combination of
both may result in better therapeutic outcomes with fewer side effects.

Objective:
This study was conducted to investigate the antihyperglycemic potential of fenugreek
seeds (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) and ginger root (Zingiber officinalis) in patients with
T2DM along with their usual antidiabetic medications.

Methods:
double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted using 33 cases, who were
randomly divided into three groups. The first group received oral placebo capsules (1 g 3 times a
day) and served as a control group, while the other two groups each received capsules of either
fenugreek or ginger powder of the same dosage (1 g 3 times a day). The study was conducted for
8 weeks and treatment effects in patients were assessed through the measurements of serum’s
fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profile, as well as kidney and liver functions.

Results and Discussion:
After 8 weeks of intervention, fenugreek and ginger induced a significant
reduction in FBS by 19.1 ± 3.8% and 16.0 ± 8.0% compared to their baselines, respectively
(p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, fenugreek significantly reduced HbA1c by 15.9 ± 4.9% compared to the
baseline, while ginger did not. Creatinine and triglyceride levels were also reduced significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) compared to their baselines in both fenugreek and ginger groups. However, all the
other parameters did not significantly change.

Conclusion:
This study provides evidence that using fenugreek and ginger may enhance glycemic control
in T2DM patients. Additionally, they might improve kidney function and lipids profile.

Clinical Trial Registeration:
The clinical trial has been registered with the number (2015-03‐229) at
King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Vaginitis Due to Pichia fermentans in a Patient Affected by Endometrial
Cancer: A Novel Case Report
Authors: Adampour Zarifeh , Hasanzadeh Malihe , Zarrinfar Hossein , Nakhaei Maryam , Babi Monika Novak 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract, which can be serious or life-threatening. Microbial infections can be one of the underlying causes of this type of cancer.

Case Presentation:
The present study describes the isolation of Pichia fermentans (Candida firmentaria var. firmentaria) from the vaginal secretions of a 61-year-old woman affected by endometrial cancer. She reported abdominal pain and vaginal discharge for 3 months, and had a history of diabetes, hypertension, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The isolated yeast was identified based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-ITS2 rDNA) sequence analysis. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing showed a higher effect for ketoconazole against P. fermentans than fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.

Conclusion:
Correct differentiation between P. fermentans and other yeast should be considered. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended for rare yeast, and will help the physicians in providing the best treatment.
A Case of Incidentally Detected Bladder Lipoma and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Emekli Emre , Gündoğdu Elif 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Lipomas are benign fatty tumors made of fat tissue. Bladder lipomas are
extremely rare. For this reason, it is necessary to be aware of the imaging features when incidentally
detected in imaging.

Case Report:
In the abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) performed as part of the follow-up examination
of a 43-year-old patient, who had undergone surgery for adrenal adenoma five years earlier,
a 14x9x8 mm smoothly marginated, ovoid-shaped, hypodense mass lesion with a homogeneous
internal structure was detected in the anterior bladder wall. The pre-contrast density of the lesion
was measured as -105 HU. The magnetic resonance imaging performed one year after the CT
examination revealed a 14x9x8 intramural mass in the bladder wall, showing protrusion toward the
lumen. The mass was observed to be markedly hypointense on fat-suppressed T1 and T2-weighted
images and considered to be consistent with a bladder lipoma.

Discussion:
Bladder lipomas are benign lesions that can vary in clinical presentations but usually
cause hematuria. In imaging, bladder lipomas are present as homogeneous lesions containing
macroscopic fat. The differential diagnosis of bladder lipomas includes other mesenchymal rare benign
tumors that can arise from the submucosal layer of the urinary bladder including leiomyoma,
hemangioma, plasmacytoma, fibroma, and neurofibroma. Only the liposarcoma and pelvic lipomatosis
could show similar features. The less differentiated liposarcomas tend to present more heterogeneous
enhancement, irregular-shaped margins, and infiltrative behaviour. Also, appropriate multiplanar
reconstructions may allow the radiologist to determine if it is an extravesical pelvic lipomatosis.

Conclusion:
Using CT and MRI, the lesions that are rich in adipose tissue can be distinguished
from other lesions, and their diagnosis can be made to a great extent. However, a histopathological
examination is required for a definitive diagnosis.
T2/FLAIR Hyperintensity in Mesial Temporal Lobe: Challenging Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Moon Sungjun 
Published: August 2021

:
T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobe is the most common MR finding
of herpes simplex encephalitis, but may be observed in other infectious and non-infectious diseases.
The former includes herpes human virus 6 encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and neurosyphilis,
and the latter autoimmune encephalitis, gliomatosis cerebri, bilateral or paradoxical posterior
cerebral artery infarction, status epilepticus, and hippocampal sclerosis. Thus, T2/FLAIR hyperintensity
in the mesial temporal lobe is not a disease-specific magnetic resonance imaging finding,
and these conditions must be differentiated to ensure proper treatment. We review diseases
that present with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobe and provide a helpful flow
chart based on clinical and radiologic features.
Computational and Synthetic Biology Approaches for the Biosynthesis of
Antiviral and Anticancer Terpenoids from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Shukla Vibha , Runthala Ashish , Rajput Vikrant Singh , Chandrasai Potla Durthi , Tripathi Anurag , Phulara Suresh Chandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Recent advancements in medicinal research have identified several antiviral and anticancer
terpenoids that are usually deployed as a source of flavor, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Under
the current COVID-19 pandemic conditions, natural therapeutics with the least side effects are the
need of the hour to save the patients, especially, which are pre-affected with other medical complications.
Although plants are the major sources of terpenoids; however, for the environmental concerns,
the global interest has shifted to the biocatalytic production of molecules from microbial sources.
The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a suitable host in this regard due to its GRAS (generally
regarded as safe) status, ease in genetic manipulations and wide industrial acceptability. The B.
subtilis synthesizes its terpenoid molecules from 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, a
common route in almost all microbial strains. Here, we summarize the computational and synthetic
biology approaches to improve the production of terpenoid-based therapeutics from B. subtilis by
utilizing DXP pathway. We focus on the in-silico approaches for screening the functionally improved
enzyme-variants of the two crucial enzymes namely, the DXP synthase (DXS) and Farnesyl Pyrophosphate
Synthase (FPPS). The approaches for engineering the active sites are subsequently explained.
It will be helpful to construct the functionally improved enzymes for the high-yield production
of terpenoid-based anticancer and antiviral metabolites, which would help to reduce the cost and
improve the availability of such therapeutics for the humankind.