bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy in people with COVID-19 disease in Ontario, Canada: a prospective analysis of risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Roushani Jian , Thomas Doneal , Oliver Matthew J , Ip Jane , Tang Yiwen , Yeung Angie , Taji Leena , Cooper Rebecca , Magner Peter O , Garg Amit X , Blake Peter G 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeverely ill people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT). The understanding of the risk factors and outcomes for AKI-RRT is incomplete.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on the incidence, demographics, area of residence, time course, outcomes and associated risk factors for all COVID-19 AKI-RRT cases during the first two waves of the pandemic in Ontario, Canada.ResultsThere were 271 people with AKI-RRT, representing 0.1% of all diagnosed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases. These included 10% of SARS-CoV-2 admissions to intensive care units (ICU). Median age was 65 years, with 11% &lt;50 years, 76% were male, 47% non-White and 48% had diabetes. Overall, 59% resided in the quintile of Ontario neighborhoods with the greatest ethnocultural composition and 51% in the two lowest income quintile neighborhoods. Mortality was 58% at 30 days after RRT initiation, and 64% at 90 days. By 90 days, 20% of survivors remained RRT-dependent and 31% were still hospitalized. On multivariable analysis, people aged &gt;70 years had higher mortality (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.6). Cases from the second versus the first COVID-19 wave were older, had more baseline comorbidity and were more likely to initiate RRT &gt;2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis (34% versus 14%; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsAKI-RRT is common in COVID-19 ICU admissions. Residency in areas with high ethnocultural composition and lower socioeconomic status are strong risk factors. Late-onset AKI-RRT was more common in the second wave. Mortality is high and 90-day survivors have persisting high morbidity.
Left atrial structure and function are associated with cardiovascular outcomes independent of left ventricular measures: a UK Biobank CMR study
Authors: Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , McCracken Celeste , Condurache Dorina , Aung Nay , Vargas Jose D , Naderi Hafiz , Munroe Patricia B , Neubauer Stefan , Harvey Nicholas C , Petersen Steffen E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
We evaluated the associations of left atrial (LA) structure and function with prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), independent of left ventricular (LV) metrics, in 25 896 UK Biobank participants.

Methods and results
We estimated the association of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) metrics [LA maximum volume (LAV), LA ejection fraction (LAEF), LV mass : LV end-diastolic volume ratio (LVM : LVEDV), global longitudinal strain, and LV global function index (LVGFI)] with vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking), prevalent and incident CVDs [atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction], all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality. We created uncorrelated CMR variables using orthogonal principal component analysis rotation. All five CMR metrics were simultaneously entered into multivariable regression models adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation, education, body size, and physical activity. Lower LAEF was associated with diabetes, smoking, and all the prevalent and incident CVDs. Diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol were associated with smaller LAV. Hypertension, IHD, AF (incident and prevalent), incident stroke, and CVD mortality were associated with larger LAV. LV and LA metrics were both independently informative in associations with prevalent disease, however LAEF showed the most consistent associations with incident CVDs. Lower LVGFI was associated with greater all-cause and CVD mortality. In secondary analyses, compared with LVGFI, LV ejection fraction showed similar but less consistent disease associations.

Conclusion
LA structure and function measures (LAEF and LAV) demonstrate significant associations with key prevalent and incident cardiovascular outcomes, independent of LV metrics. These measures have potential clinical utility for disease discrimination and outcome prediction.
O splendor gloriae: Taverner or Tye?
Authors: Knights Francis , Rodríguez Mateo , Padilla Pablo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The five-part votive antiphon O splendor gloriae is attributed to Taverner in two important sources, but to both Taverner and Tye in the other two 16th-century sources. Joint works of this kind in classical music are extremely rare, and common authorship is difficult to assess. In this case, scoring and many other musical features are consistent, but the style of each half seems different. In his edition of 1978, Nigel Davison cautiously attributes the second part to Tye on stylistic grounds. It certainly seems more modern in its imitative treatment, which may be consistent with the fact that Tye was a little younger than Taverner. In this article we employ both a special mathematical modelling technique and standard musicological methods to support the idea that each half of the work was written by a different composer.
Age-related change in adult chimpanzee social network integration
Authors: Thompson González Nicole , Machanda Zarin , Otali Emily , Muller Martin N , Enigk Drew K , Wrangham Richard , Emery Thompson Melissa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Social isolation is a key risk factor for the onset and progression of age-related disease and mortality in humans. Nevertheless, older people commonly have narrowing social networks, with influences from both cultural factors and the constraints of senescence. We evaluate evolutionarily grounded models by studying social aging in wild chimpanzees, a system where such influences are more easily separated than in humans, and where individuals are long-lived and decline physically with age.

Methodology
We applied social network analysis to examine age-related changes in social integration in a 7+ year mixed-longitudinal dataset on 38 wild adult chimpanzees (22 females, 16 males). Metrics of social integration included social attractivity and overt effort (directed degree and strength), social roles (betweenness and local transitivity) and embeddedness (eigenvector centrality) in grooming networks.

Results
Both sexes reduced the strength of direct ties with age (males in-strength, females out-strength). However, males increased embeddedness with age, alongside cliquishness. These changes were independent of age-related changes in social and reproductive status. Both sexes maintained highly repeatable inter-individual differences in integration, particularly in mixed-sex networks.

Conclusions and implications
As in humans, chimpanzees appear to experience senescence-related declines in social engagement. However, male social embeddedness and overall sex differences were patterned more similarly to humans in non-industrialized versus industrialized societies. Such comparisons suggest common evolutionary roots to ape social aging and that social isolation in older humans may hinge on novel cultural factors of many industrialized societies. Lastly, individual and sex differences are potentially important mediators of successful social aging in chimpanzees, as in humans.
Lay summary: Few biological models explain why humans so commonly have narrowing social networks with age, despite the risk factor of social isolation that small networks pose. We use wild chimpanzees as a comparative system to evaluate models grounded in an evolutionary perspective, using social network analysis to examine changes in integration with age. Like humans in industrialized populations, chimpanzees had lower direct engagement with social partners as they aged. However, sex differences in integration and older males’ central positions within the community network were more like patterns of sociality in several non-industrialized human populations. Our results suggest common evolutionary roots to human and chimpanzee social aging, and that the risk of social isolation with age in industrialized populations stems from novel cultural factors.
Evolutionary context of psoriatic immune skin response
Authors: Starr Izzy , Seiffert-Sinha Kristina , Sinha Animesh A , Gokcumen Omer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The skin is vital for protecting the body and perceiving external stimuli in the environment. Ability to adapt between environments is in part based on skin phenotypic plasticity, indicating evolved homeostasis between skin and environment. This homeostasis reflects the greater relationship between the body and the environment, and disruptions in this balance may lead to accumulation of susceptibility factors for autoimmune conditions like psoriasis. In this study, we examined the relationship between rapid, lineage-specific evolution of human skin and formation of psoriatic skin responses at the transcriptome level. We collected skin tissue biopsies from individuals with psoriasis and compared gene expression in psoriatic plaques to non-plaque psoriatic skin. We then compared these data with non-psoriatic skin transcriptome data from multiple primate species. We found 67 genes showing human-specific skin expression that are also differentially regulated in psoriatic skin; these genes are significantly enriched for skin barrier function, immunity and neuronal development. We identified six gene clusters with differential expression in the context of human evolution and psoriasis, suggesting underlying regulatory mechanisms in these loci. Human and psoriasis-specific enrichment of neuroimmune genes shows the importance of the ongoing evolved homeostatic relationship between skin and external environment. These results have implications for both evolutionary medicine and public health, using transcriptomic data to acknowledge the importance of an individual’s surroundings on their overall health.
Apolipoprotein C-III reduction in subjects with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Tardif Jean-Claude , Karwatowska-Prokopczuk Ewa , Amour Eric St , Ballantyne Christie M , Shapiro Michael D , Moriarty Patrick M , Baum Seth J , Hurh Eunju , Bartlett Victoria J , Kingsbury Joyce , Figueroa Amparo L , Alexander Veronica J , Tami Joseph , Witztum Joseph L , Geary Richard S , O’Dea Louis St L , Tsimikas Sotirios , Gaudet Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. This clinical trial evaluated olezarsen, an N-acetyl-galactosamine-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide targeted to hepatic APOC3 mRNA to inhibit apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) production, in lowering triglyceride levels in patients at high risk for or with established cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study was conducted in 114 patients with fasting serum triglycerides 200–500 mg/dL (2.26–5.65 mmol/L). Patients received olezarsen (10 or 50 mg every 4 weeks, 15 mg every 2 weeks, or 10 mg every week) or saline placebo subcutaneously for 6–12 months. The primary endpoint was the percent change in fasting triglyceride levels from baseline to Month 6 of exposure. Baseline median (interquartile range) fasting triglyceride levels were 262 (222–329) mg/dL [2.96 (2.51–3.71) mmol/L]. Treatment with olezarsen resulted in mean percent triglyceride reductions of 23% with 10 mg every 4 weeks, 56% with 15 mg every 2 weeks, 60% with 10 mg every week, and 60% with 50 mg every 4 weeks, compared with increase by 6% for the pooled placebo group (P-values ranged from 0.0042 to &lt;0.0001 compared with placebo). Significant decreases in apoC-III, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were also observed. There were no platelet count, liver, or renal function changes in any of the olezarsen groups. The most common adverse event was mild erythema at the injection site.

Conclusion
Olezarsen significantly reduced apoC-III, triglycerides, and atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and at high risk for or with established cardiovascular disease.

Trial registration number
NCT03385239.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in people living with HIV compared to the general population
Authors: Delabays Benoît , Cavassini Matthias , Damas Jose , Beuret Hadrien , Calmy Alexandra , Hasse Barbara , Bucher Heiner C , Frischknecht Manuel , Müller Olivier , Méan Marie , Vollenweider Peter , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Vaucher Julien 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
We prospectively assessed and compared the accuracy of cardiovascular risk scores in people living with HIV (PLWH) and individuals from the general population.

Methods and results
The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation Score 2 (SCORE2), the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), and the HIV-specific Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) score were calculated in participants free from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) between 2003 and 2009. In total, 6373 [mean age, 40.6 years (SD, 9.9)] PLWH from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and 5403 [52.8 years (SD, 10.7)] individuals from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study were eligible for analysis. We tested discrimination and calibration, and the value of adding HIV-specific factors to scores using the net reclassification improvement (NRI). During mean follow-ups of 13.5 (SD, 4.1) in SHCS and 9.9 (SD, 2.3) years in CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, 533 (8.4%) and 374 (6.9%) people developed an incident ASCVD, respectively. This translated into age-adjusted incidence rates of 12.9 and 7.5 per 1000 person-year, respectively. In SHCS, SCORE2, PCE, and D:A:D presented comparable discriminative capacities [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.745 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.723–0.767), 0.757 (95% CI, 0.736–0.777), and 0.763 (95% CI, 0.743–0.783)]. Adding HIV-specific variables (CD4 nadir and abacavir exposure) to SCORE2 and PCE resulted in an NRI of −0.1% (95% CI, −1.24 to 1, P = 0.83) and of 2.7% (95% CI, 0.3–5.1, P = 0.03), respectively.

Conclusions
PLWH present a two-fold higher rate of incident ASCVD compared to individuals from the general population. SCORE2 and PCE, which are clinically easier to use (reduced set of variables without adding HIV-specific factors), are valid to predict ASCVD in PLWH.
Candidates for Balancing Selection inLeishmania donovaniComplex Parasites
Authors: Grace Cooper Alastair , Forrester Sarah , Silva Vladimir Costa , Carvalho Kátia Silene Sousa , Kilford Hannah , Chew Yen Peng , James Sally , Costa Dorcas L , Mottram Jeremy C , Costa Carlos C H N , Jeffares Daniel C 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Leishmania donovani species complex is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, which cause 20–40,000 fatalities a year. Here, we conduct a screen for balancing selection in this species complex. We used 384 publicly available L. donovani and L. infantum genomes, and sequence 93 isolates of L. infantum from Brazil to describe the global diversity of this species complex. We identify five genetically distinct populations that are sufficiently represented by genomic data to search for signatures of selection. We find that signals of balancing selection are generally not shared between populations, consistent with transient adaptive events, rather than long-term balancing selection. We then apply multiple diversity metrics to identify candidate genes with robust signatures of balancing selection, identifying a curated set of 24 genes with robust signatures. These include zeta toxin, nodulin-like, and flagellum attachment proteins. This study highlights the extent of genetic divergence between L. donovani complex parasites and provides genes for further study.
Terrestrial reference frame SC20 for monitoring crustal deformation in the adjacent areas of the South China block
Authors: Liang Hongbao , Zhan Wei , Li Jingwei , Zhu Shuang 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYFor the application of crustal deformation monitoring, users in East Asia need to have a terrestrial reference frame (TRF) that is consistent with the latest International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014). We selected 12 core stations having 10 yr of continuous GPS observation (2010–2020) by the enhanced criteria and established a stable South China Reference Frame 2020 (SC20). The SC20 is defined as having no-net rotation within the stable South China block and an angular velocity from IGS14 to SC20 in Cartesian coordinates of (−0.1736 ± 0.0088, −0.4901 ± 0.0195, 1.0258 ± 0.0114) milliarcsecond yr−1 is obtained. The root-mean-square velocities of the core stations are 0.23 mm yr−1 in the north, 0.22 mm yr−1 in the east, and 0.30 mm yr−1 vertical and the SC20 frame can be confidently used within 8 yr beyond its useful life (2010–2020) without causing any deviation in position. Finally, the three-component velocities of 194 stations with respect to SC20 are obtained in East Asia. The deformation result can fully highlight the relative deformation of the boundary zone of the active block, which is beneficial to the crustal determination related to the location of strong earthquakes. The SC20 also degrades over time just as with ITRF, so we will be regularly updating it every few years by adding more reference stations and longer periods of observations and in time after major geophysical events.
Conflict and Community in the Trenches: Military Justice Archives and Interactions between Soldiers in France’s Armée d’Afrique, 1914–18
Authors: Eldridge Claire 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article demonstrates the methodological value of using military justice archives to explore how soldiers navigated the multi-ethnic French army during the First World War. It focuses on Armée d’Afrique units containing high concentrations of colonial subjects and uses crime records to consider the implications of this unprecedented level of diversity. Emphasizing the experiences and voices of men otherwise scarce in the historical record deepens our understanding of how discrimination and inequality functioned within the supposedly egalitarian structures of the French military and foregrounds the complex ways in which race intersected with other markers of identity to structure combatant experiences.
Event-based rigid formation system with cooperative finite-time control
Authors: Tan Wenbo , Huang Na 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We note that most of the rigid formation control based on distance-constrained theory only guarantees exponential or asymptotic convergence of the system. In this paper, we proposed a finite-time event-based control scheme applied in rigid formation control system. Centralized finite-time event-based formation control system is designed where the next trigger time is determined by a central event-based controller, which broadcasts and updates the control input signal to all agents. Then, we build a distributed finite-time event-based control strategy, different from the above system where each agent only uses its own local information. For the above two protocols, we discussed the trigger situation, which ensures that the formation system converges in a finite time. Finally, simulation results proved the performance and effectiveness of the proposed finite-time event-based scheme.
Telehealth experiences of providers and patients who use augmentative and alternative communication
Authors: Beneteau Erin , Paradiso Ann , Pratt Wanda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
We explore the telehealth experiences of adults who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and clinicians who work with people using AAC.

Materials and Methods
We conducted semistructured, online interviews with 6 adults who use AAC and 8 clinicians who provide telehealth services to people who use AAC between July and September 2020. Participants were located in the United States and the United Kingdom. All participants had engaged in 2 or more telehealth visits in the past 6 months. We used an inductive, thematic approach to analyze the interview data.

Results
Our findings reveal that (1) telehealth is an essential service, (2) technology causes barriers, (3) policies meant to protect actually inhibit, and (4) remote monitoring devices have the potential to mitigate risks.

Discussion
Telehealth systems created for persons without disabilities do not provide equitable access to everyone. Telehealth should be flexible enough to allow patients to use the communication modality that best meets their needs. We suggest that healthcare systems think of the healthcare ecosystem as one which includes a variety of telehealth options in addition to traditional in-person clinical visits.

Conclusions
The benefits of telehealth for people who use AAC are substantial and should be an option for ongoing health care. However, the accessibility of telehealth technologies needs to be improved. Designers should view telehealth as part of a broad healthcare ecosystem, which includes in-person, telehealth, and remote health monitoring technologies. Designers should also include AAC users in the design and development process. Telehealth policies should encourage multimodality access to health care and address funding concerns.
Best Management Practices to Delay the Evolution of Bt Resistance in Lepidopteran Pests Without High Susceptibility to Bt Toxins in North America
Authors: Reisig Dominic D , DiFonzo Chris , Dively Galen , Farhan Yasmine , Gore Jeff , Smith Jocelyn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCanadian and United States (US) insect resistance management (IRM) programs for lepidopteran pests in Bacillus thuriengiensis (Bt)-expressing crops are optimally designed for Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner in corn (Zea mays L.) and Chloridea virescens Fabricius in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Both Bt corn and cotton express a high dose for these pests; however, there are many other target pests for which Bt crops do not express high doses (commonly referred to as nonhigh dose pests). Two important lepidopteran nonhigh dose (low susceptibility) pests are Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Striacosta albicosta Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We highlight both pests as cautionary examples of exposure to nonhigh dose levels of Bt toxins when the IRM plan was not followed. Moreover, IRM practices to delay Bt resistance that are designed for these two ecologically challenging and important pests should apply to species that are more susceptible to Bt toxins. The purpose of this article is to propose five best management practices to delay the evolution of Bt resistance in lepidopteran pests with low susceptibility to Bt toxins in Canada and the US: 1) better understand resistance potential before commercialization, 2) strengthen IRM based on regional pest pressure by restricting Bt usage where it is of little benefit, 3) require and incentivize planting of structured corn refuge everywhere for single toxin cultivars and in the southern US for pyramids, 4) integrate field and laboratory resistance monitoring programs, and 5) effectively use unexpected injury thresholds.