bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Effects of an Opioid-Focused Academic Detailing Program on Non-Opioid Controlled Substance Prescribing in Primary Care
Authors: Saffore Christopher D. , Pickard A. Simon , Crawford Stephanie Y. , Fischer Michael A. , Sharp Lisa K. , Pointer Sarah , Lee Todd A. 
Published: March 2021

Background Educational outreach programs that focus on safe opioid prescribing and awareness of state prescription monitoring programs may modify clinicians’ prescribing behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the secondary effects of an opioid-focused academic detailing (AD) program on non-opioid controlled substance prescribing in primary care. Methods A quasi-experimental pre-post study of primary care clinicians exposed and unexposed to the AD program was conducted using data from the Illinois Prescription Monitoring Program from December 2017 to February 2019. Outcomes were mean monthly prescriptions for benzodiazepines (BZD), non-BZD sedative-hypnotics, and carisoprodol, per clinician. A difference-in-differences (DID) approach utilizing repeated-measures mixed-effects linear regression models was used to compare changes in outcomes six-months before and after the program. Results Mean monthly BZD prescriptions declined in both groups of clinicians (AD-exposed n = 151; controls n = 399) after implementation of the AD program. Although the mean monthly number of BZD prescriptions decreased in both groups after the AD program, BZD prescribing in the AD-exposed group declined at a slower rate following the AD program (DID = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.31). The AD-exposed group had a 0.06 (95% CI: −0.11, −0.01) lower rate of mean monthly carisoprodol prescriptions compared to the control group following the AD program. There was no change in the rate of mean monthly non-BZD sedative-hypnotic prescriptions between the two groups. Conclusions The higher relative rate of BZD prescribing in the AD-exposed group compared to the control group following the AD program may be reflective of an unintended consequence of opioid-focused AD programs as clinicians learn to be cautious about opioid prescribing. Our findings may suggest the need for incorporation of targeted education on appropriate BZD prescribing into opioid-focused AD programs as a featured component. These findings warrant further consideration and investigation before large-scale implementation of opioid-focused educational outreach programs.
Superconductors for power applications: an executable and web application to learn about resistive fault current limiters
Authors: Riva Nicolò , Grilli Francesco , Dutoit Bertrand 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-temperature superconductors (HTS) can be superconducting in liquid nitrogen (77 K) at atmospheric pressure, which holds immense promises for our future such as nuclear fusion, compact medical devices and efficient power applications. In a power system, high short-circuit currents can exceed the operational current by more than ten times, putting many parts of the system at risk. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) can limit the prospective fault current without disconnecting the power system, and are thus becoming increasingly attractive for future grids. With a growing interest in modeling and commercializing SFCL, the question of how to teach and to explain their operation to students has arisen. In order to help students visualize the potential use and benefits of an SFCL, we created an executable and a web application using COMSOL Multiphysics. This executable allows students to investigate the electro-thermal response of a resistive SFCL. The executable solves a 1D electro-thermal model of the SFCL under AC fault conditions, evaluating important figures of merit such as the limited current, the prospective current and the maximum temperature reached within the tape. Finally, the geometrical parameters as well as the superconducting properties of the device can be modified. The importance of the amount of silver stabilizer necessary to protect the device from over-heating occurring during a fault current can be investigated. In addition, the effects of having a sharp nonlinear transition from the superconducting to the normal state (intrinsic property of the superconductor) to obtain a current limitation can be explored. The executable allows the users to learn about the benefits of superconductors in real-life applications, without the prerequisite of extensive modeling or experimental setup. The executable can be downloaded from the HTS modeling website and run on the most commonly used operating systems.
Electronic structure evolution of the transition metals substituted tetragonal graphene: a first-principles investigations
Authors: Sadhukhan Surasree , Kanungo Sudipta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the possibilities of tuning the Fermi level of the metallic band structure of the planar tetragonal graphene (T-graphene), by using the transition metals (TMs) substitution (3d, 4d and 5d series), the electronic structure investigation has been carried out at low concentration level (≈2.7%) through ab initio density functional theory method. We have investigated the influence of the valence electrons of the TM on the evolution of the electronic structure and magnetization and the induced magnetic moments at the carbon atoms in the T-graphene network. The investigations also explored the possibilities of inducing long-range magnetic ordering. In the case of multi TMs substitutions we found the dominance signature of the antiferromagnetic correlations for most of the TM substituted cases. The critical analysis of the magnetization densities indicated the important role of the hybridization between the carbon π and σ orbitals with the TM-d states. We explored that the observed non-monotonic nature of the magnetization and evolution of electronic structure was due to the competing energy scales of electronic correlation, hybridization and crystal field splitting. This study opens up the route for further investigations towards the possibilities of using T-graphene as a potential polymorph of graphene for device applications.
Estimation of radiation gonadal doses for the American–Ukrainian trio study of parental irradiation in Chornobyl cleanup workers and evacuees and germline mutations in their offspring
Authors: Chumak Vadim , Bakhanova Elena , Kryuchkov Victor , Golovanov Ivan , Chizhov Konstantin , Bazyka Dimitry , Gudzenko Natalia , Trotsuk Natalia , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Hatch Maureen , Cahoon Elizabeth K , Little Mark P , Kukhta Tatiana , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Chanock Stephen J , Drozdovitch Vladimir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radiation doses of parents exposed from the Chornobyl accident as cleanup workers or evacuees were estimated in the National Cancer Institute-National Research Center for Radiation Medicine trio (i.e. father, mother, offspring) study aimed at investigating the radiation effects on germline de novo mutations in children as well as other outcomes. Paternal (testes) and maternal (ovaries) gonadal doses were calculated along with associated uncertainty distributions for the following exposure pathways: (a) external irradiation during the cleanup mission, (b) external irradiation during residence in Pripyat, and (c) external irradiation and (d) ingestion of radiocesium isotopes, such as 134Cs and 137Cs, during residence in settlements other than Pripyat. Gonadal doses were reconstructed for 298 trios for the periods from the time of the accident on 26 April 1986 to two time points before the child’s date of birth (DOB): 51 (DOB-51) and 38 (DOB-38) weeks. The two doses, DOB-51 and DOB-38 were equal (within 1 mGy) in most instances, except for 35 fathers where the conception of the child occurred within 3 months of exposure or during exposure. The arithmetic mean of gonadal DOB-38 doses was 227 mGy (median: 11 mGy, range 0–4080 mGy) and 8.5 mGy (median: 1.0 mGy, range 0–550 mGy) for fathers and mothers, respectively. Gonadal doses varied considerably depending on the exposure pathway, the highest gonadal DOB-38 doses being received during the cleanup mission (mean doses of 376 and 34 mGy, median of 144 and 7.4 mGy for fathers and mothers, respectively), followed by exposure during residence in Pripyat (7.7 and 13 mGy for mean, 7.2 and 6.2 mGy for median doses) and during residence in other settlements (2.0 and 2.1 mGy for mean, 0.91 and 0.81 mGy for median doses). Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the parental gonadal doses and associated uncertainties. The geometric standard deviations (GSDs) in the individual parental stochastic doses due to external irradiation during the cleanup mission varied from 1.2 to 4.7 (mean of 1.8), while during residence in Pripyat they varied from 1.4 to 2.8 (mean of 1.8), while the mean GSD in doses received during residence in settlements other than Pripyat was 1.3 and 1.4 for external irradiation and ingestion of radiocesium isotopes, respectively.
Inflationary cosmology- A new approach using Non-linear electrodynamics
Authors: Sarkar Payel , Kumar Das Prasanta , Samanta Gauranga Charan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore a new kind of NLED field as a source of gravity, which can accelerate the Universe during the inflationary era. We propose a new type of NLED lagrangian which is characterised by two parameters: α (dimensionless parameter) and β (dimensionful parameter). We investigate the classical stability and the causality aspects of this model of inflationary expansion by demanding that the speed of the sound wave

c

s

2

>
0

and

0
≤

c

s

≤
1

. Corresponding to

0
≤

c

s

2

≤
1

, we find

0.382
(
1.828
)

≤
β

B

2

≤
0.288
(
1.469
)

for α = 0.1(1.0). The equation of state parameter ω = −1/3 requires

β

B

2

=
0.126
(
0.757
)

corresponding to

α
=
0.1
(
1.0
)

. We find that the Universe is accelerating i.e.

a

̈

>
0

(which results in the deceleration parameter q < 0 (i.e. ω > −1/3)), provided

β

B

2

≥
0.126
(
0.757
)

. During inflation, the energy density

ρ

B

is found to be maximum and is given by

ρ

B

max

=
0.65

/

β

. The magnetic field necessary to trigger the inflation is found to be

B
≃

0.4

ρ

B

max

0.65

=
4
×

10

51

Gauss

, where

ρ

B

max

(
∼

ρ

inf

)
=

10

64

GeV

4

is the energy density of the Universe during the inflationary expansion. Our model also predicts the e-fold number

N
=
71
(
64
)

that the magnetic field at the end of inflation is about B = 10−10 (10−4) Gauss corresponding to z = 0(1000) and this agrees quite well with the experimental prediction of the e-fold number. With α = 0.3(1.0) and

β

B

2

=
0.3974
(
0.8239
)

, we find the scalar spectral index n

s
= 0.9649, consistent with the PLANCK 2018 CMB data. Further, with

α
=
0.3
(
1.0
)
,

β

B

2

=

0.3974
(
0.8239
)

, we predicts the tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.1417(0.1449) and the tensorial spectral index

n

T

=
−
0.0177
(
−
0.0181
)

.
Measuring parity violation in the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with the LISA-Taiji network
Authors: Orlando Giorgio , Pieroni Mauro , Ricciardone Angelo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Parity violation is a powerful observable to distinguish a
cosmological background of Gravitational Waves (GWs) from an
astrophysical one. Planar single GW interferometers, both on ground
and in space, are unable to measure the net circular polarization of
an isotropic Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB). In
this paper, we explore the possibility of detecting circular
polarization of an isotropic SGWB by cross-correlating two
space-based detectors planned to be launched around 2034: LISA and
Taiji. We compute the response of such a network to chirality and we
perform a Fisher forecast analysis on the I and V Stokes
parameters for the SGWB. We find that a clear measurement of
chirality can be claimed for a maximally chiral flat signal with
amplitude h
2 ΩGW ≃ 10−12 at the frequency
scales of LISA and Taiji.
Tensor non-Gaussianity in chiral scalar-tensor theories of gravity
Authors: Bartolo Nicola , Caloni Luca , Orlando Giorgio , Ricciardone Angelo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Violation of parity symmetry in the gravitational sector, which manifests into unequal left and right circular polarization states of primordial gravitational waves, represents a way to test high-energy modifications to general relativity. In this paper we study inflation within recently proposed chiral scalar-tensor theories of gravity, that extend Chern-Simons gravity by including parity-violating operators containing first and second derivatives of the non-minimally coupled scalar (inflaton) field. Given the degeneracy between different parity-violating theories at the level of the power spectrum statistics, we make a detailed analysis of the parity violation on primordial tensor non-Gaussianity. We show, with an explicit computation, that no new contributions arise in the graviton bispectra if the couplings in the new operators are constant in a pure de Sitter phase. On the other hand, if the coupling functions are time-dependent during inflation, the tensor bispectra acquire non-vanishing contributions from the parity-breaking operators even in the exact de Sitter limit, with maximal signal in the squeezed and equilateral configurations. We also comment on the consistency relation of the three-point function of tensor modes in this class of models and discuss prospects of detecting parity-breaking signatures through Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode bispectra.
Gyrokinetic simulation of low-frequency Alfvénic modes in DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Choi G.J. , Liu P. , Wei X.S. , Nicolau J.H. , Dong G. , Zhang W.L. , Lin Z. , Heidbrink W.W. , Hahm T.S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Global gyrokinetic simulations find that a beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) and a low-frequency mode (LFM) co-exist in the DIII-D tokamak experiments. The simulated LFM mode structure and many of its parametric dependencies are consistent with experimental observations. The LFM can be excited without fast ions and has a frequency inside the gap of the beta-induced Alfvén-acoustic eigenmode (BAAE). However, an antenna scan shows that it is NOT the conventional BAAE. Instead, the LFM is an interchange-like electromagnetic mode excited by non-resonant drive of pressure gradients. Furthermore, the simulated BAE mode structure is consistent with the experiment but the frequency is lower than the experiment. The compressible magnetic perturbations significantly increase the growth rates of the BAE and LFM. On the other hand, trapped electrons and equilibrium current have modest effects on the BAE and LFM.
How irreversible are steady-state trajectories of a trapped active particle?
Authors: Dabelow Lennart , Bo Stefano , Eichhorn Ralf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The defining feature of active particles is that they constantly propel themselves by locally converting chemical energy into directed motion. This active self-propulsion prevents them from equilibrating with their thermal environment (e.g. an aqueous solution), thus keeping them permanently out of equilibrium. Nevertheless, the spatial dynamics of active particles might share certain equilibrium features, in particular in the steady state. We here focus on the time-reversal symmetry of individual spatial trajectories as a distinct equilibrium characteristic. We investigate to what extent the steady-state trajectories of a trapped active particle obey or break this time-reversal symmetry. Within the framework of active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particles we find that the steady-state trajectories in a harmonic potential fulfill path-wise time-reversal symmetry exactly, while this symmetry is typically broken in anharmonic potentials.
Effectiveness Research-based Textbook of In vitro Rooting of Sipahutar Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) on Undergraduate Biology Education Students’ Science Process Skills in Universitas Negeri Medan
Authors: Daulay Marta Ito , Harahap Fauziyah , Manurung dan Binari 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of research-based textbook of In vitro rooting of Sipahutar Pineapple (Ananascomosus L.) in improving science process skills of undergraduate biology education students. This study is quasi-experimental research using pretest-posttest designs. The research subjects are determined through cluster random sampling method. Data collected through pretest and posttest and measured by using essay tests. The data statistically analyzed by using independent sample t-test using SPSS 22 for Windows. The result shows that there is a significant difference between experiment class and control class in science process skills (tcount=9,678; p=0,00). Further, N-Gain test performed to find out the increasing score from pretest to posttest. The result shows N-Gain score for group using Research-based Textbookof In vitro Rooting of Sipahutar Pineapple (Ananascomosus L.) is 0.64 (moderate category) while the other group N-Gain score is 0.35 (low category). It concluded that Research-based Textbook of In vitro Rooting of Sipahutar Pineapple was effective in improving students’ science process skills.
Preparation of SiO2/α-Fe2O3 Composite from Rice Husk and Iron Sand as a Photocatalyst for Degradation of Acid Black 1 Dye
Authors: Lubis S. , Mustafa I. , Ermanda Y. , Ramadhani M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The SiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite was successfully synthesized using impregnation method by using rice husk ash as silica (SiO2) sources. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) was derived from iron sand which was extracted using hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide as co-precipitation agent. The synthesized SiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance (DR) UV spectroscopy. The performance of as prepared SiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite was evaluated on photodegradation of acid black 1 (AB 1) dye under UV light irradiation. The results showed that SiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite exhibits high photocatalytic acitivity for degradation of acid black 1 with degradation efficiency up to 85.86% within 120 minutes. The photocatalytic activity of SiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite was higher than that of bare α-Fe2O3. The SiO2/α-Fe2O3composite also can remove textile wastewater containing AB1 dye up to 82.96%. This results suggest that SiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite holds a great potential for degradation of dyes and various application in wastewater treatment.
The Liverworts Bazzania (Lepidoziaceae) in Sicike-cike Natural Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar E S , Pasaribu N , Rambe H Z R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sicike-cike Natural Park is one of important forest region inhabited by numerous species of bryophytes, including Bazzania. Bazzania species constituted the largest member of the family Lepidoziaceae. Studies on the species diversity ofthe liverworts Bazzania in thisregionwas still limited and never conducted before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the species diversity of Bazzania in Sicike-cike Natural Park, North Sumatra through specimen collection and exploratory survey in the forest area. Identification of the species was confirmed through microscopical examination on specimens by following the existing literatures. Based on our study, there are total of 13 species of Bazzania. The most common species was Bazzaniaerosa, while the less commonly found were B. calcarata, B. longicaulis, B. paradoxaand B. pectinata.This result is the first report of Bazzania in Sicike-cike Natural Park.
Variation in Growth of Centella asiatica of Samosir – Indonesia Accession with Phosphorus Fertilizer Cultivated at Samosir Field
Authors: Vinolina N S , Sigalingging R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has a variety of biological natural resources. One of the plants that thrive is pegagan (Centella asiatica). This study aims to investigate the response of pegagan to phosphorus fertilizer on growth components and phytochemical content. This plant is very useful because of the bioactive content contained in these plants. This research was conducted using a single factor with six levels of P2O5 fertilizer dosage with a non-factorial randomized block design repeated 3 times. The levels of fertilizer dosage are 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg P2O5/ha. The application of phosphorus had no significant effects on growth component; length of petiole, total leaf area, number of stolons and biomass production of Centella asiatica in acid soil conditions. The doses of phosphorus given to Centella asiatica plants reaches 40 kg P2O5/ha (F2) in which the fertilized plants tend to offer higher results than those with no fertilizers. Centella asiatica can still grow well even though the land conditions are very acidic. The phytochemical screening of leaves and roots of Centella asiatica was studied and showed positive tests for saponin, tannin, phenolic, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid and glycoside and negative for alkaloid.
The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF- α) Tiggered by Sub-maximal Exercise
Authors: Harahap N S , Simatupang N , Suprayitno  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sub-maximal exercise also induces changes in the exercise of pro-inflammatory cytokine cell components such as TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α).The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit administration on changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) after sub-maximal exercise. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Medan. This study used experimental pretest and posttest group design. The research sample was twenty students divided into two groups. Group A: given sub-maximal exercise and placebo; Group B: received sub-maximal exercise and red dragon fruit. Sub-maximal exercise is conducted running on a treadmill with a sub-maximal intensity, a frequency of three times a week, lasting four weeks. The TNF-a examination was initially carried out at the end of the treatment and then evaluated in the laboratory using the ELISA method. The results showed a significant decrease in TNF-α levels after exercise in the sub-maximal exercise group given red dragon fruit compared to the sub-maximal exercise group given a placebo. The statistical results of the unpaired t-test showed that there was a significant effect of red dragon fruit on decreasing TNF-α levels after sub-maximal exercise. The conclusion is that red dragon fruit significant effect on decreasing TNF-α levels triggered by sub-maximal exercise in students.
Self-Determination and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): How Novice Teachers in Mathematics Education Surviving and Thriving in Disruption Era
Authors: Lestari Puji , Siregar Nurfadilah , Sujaya Krisna , Mulyani Dila Aulia , Syarifudin Muhammad Taufiq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The learning process has changed drastically from the face-to-face or classroom method to the one with technology utilization. One of the goals of mathematics education at school is to help students become smart citizens, namely, who can make decisions based on their needs, not others’ encouragement. Within the literature of motivation, there is a theory known as self-determination. The teachers’ efforts to develop students’ self-determination are reflected in those teachers’ capabilities in three ways: mastery of content, pedagogy, and technology, known as the TPACK. Mastery of both self-determination and TPACK is highly essential. This article discusses the instruments measuring both of them. In this study, we first arranged statements that correspond to both abilities’ indicators. Subsequently, we tested the legibility and performed the face validity and content validity by the experts. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative approach. Data were descriptively and quantitatively analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS software version 21. The results indicate that several statements need to be revised. However, the instruments have met both face validity and content validity. This result is also supported by the evidence of a high-reliability value and validity score. The instruments in this study, therefore, can be developed in further research.