bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength evaluation of agro waste particle board with melted pure water sachet as the binding agent
Authors: Atoyebi O D , Orogbade B O , Aladegboye O J , Adebiyi J A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Particle board is a construction material that can be used either for construction form works or house furniture, roofing or insulating materials. Due to its usefulness, this research work is aimed at evaluating the mechanical strength and rheological properties of particle board using agro waste namely corncob (CC) and sawdust(SD) with melted pure water sachet as the binding agent. The use of the pure water sachet or low density polyethylene (LDPE) as the binder was also evaluated, by the use of dual purpose kerosene (DPK) to form the homogenous binder that was used to produce the board. The proportion of LDPE to DPK was 50g to 300ml. Three ratio of the LDPE to sawdust and corncob were used; 2:1, 1½: 1, and 1: 1 in which the ratio of CC to SD was interchanged in proportion of 25%:75%, 50%: 50% and 75%: 25% to make 100% aggregate or combination. The production of the particle board was then made with a dimension of 350mm x 350mm x 10mm. The rheological properties of the binder show that it has adequate viscosity, binding power and strength compatible with the sawdust and the corncob. The results from the physical and mechanical property such as density, water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of rupture (MR) and the modulus of elasticity (ME) concluded that the particle board type 1:1 had favorable physical properties that are recommended for indoor uses in building.
Household energy consumption within a low-income neighbourhood in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Olanrewaju S D , Adegun O B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Globally, energy consumption represents a major contributor to climate change and global environmental problems. Identifying the potential factors explaining the variability in household energy consumption in buildings aids the development of appropriate energy conservation policies. The analysis of energy in residential sectors captures energy consumed by households to maintain operational functions of their daily lives. This study examines the household energy consumption in a low-income neighbourhood in Akure. Based on the results from a survey of 80 households, this study presents the energy consumption pattern of households in the study area. The study finds that energy is dominated by fossil fuel sources. Predominant proportion of energy consumed is used for cooking. The study concludes by outlining some practical implications for policy and practice.
Building structural health monitoring: a tool for building collapse mitigation
Authors: Ongbali S O , Afolalu S A , Oladipupo S , Akra S , Bello K A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Building collapse occurs recurrently worldwide on account of a myriad of variables associated with man or nature whose consequences are loss of life and properties that are sometimes incalculable. This paper aims to appraise the current advances in the topic area to identify and provide a holistic document on building structural health monitoring approaches that are fragmented in the literature to enable practitioners, stakeholders, and inspectors gain insight into the modern and cost-effective methods of building structural health monitoring to alleviate the incessant problem. It appeared that most of the approaches are interwoven and dependent on one another to obtain reliable information on building structural integrity. Apart from the traditional methods of visual inspection and non-destructive assessment of building health monitoring, it appeared the predominant and recent approaches to building health monitoring are analytics or statistics-based, statistics-sensor based, fiber optic framework, fiber optic-sensor network, and sensor-based. Arguments in the literature suggest that the analytics or statistics approach may not provide accurate information on account of the outlier and data corruption. The fiber optic approach is expensive and time consuming compared with the fiber-sensor network method. Finally, the sensor-based building health monitoring is less expensive over other approaches and provides reliable and accurate information on building integrity. Hence, we suggest future research direction should focus on the development and integration of fiber optic-sensor network and sensor-based methods of building health monitoring to improve the accuracy of the methods.
Evaluation of the Free Swell and Physio-chemical Properties of Black Cotton Soil Treated with Bacillus Coagulans
Authors: Eberemu A O , Bassey A B , Osinubi K J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) on the free swell and physio-chemical properties of black cotton soil (or expansive tropical black clay) was investigated using the Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) technique. Black cotton soil was treated with different mix ratios of B. coagulans suspension density (B) and cementation reagent (C) for the volume obtained as product of the liquid limit and a specific weight of soil sample. The mix ratios considered were 25B-75C, 50B-50C and 75B-25C for the treated specimens, while the control specimen was mixed with 100C only. The results obtained show that for treatment of soil with 25B-75C mix ratio, free swell value decreased with increased B. coagulans suspension density from 70.0 % and 50.0 % for the natural and control specimens, respectively, to minimum value of 40.0 %, at B. coagulans suspension density of 2.4 × 109 cells/ml. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) value for the natural and control specimens were 49.7 and 29.6 Cmol/Kg, respectively, while for the treated specimens the values generally decreased a minimum value of 29.0 Cmol/Kg at B. coagulans suspension density of 2.4 × 109 cells/ml. The pH test results initially decreased from 7.4 for the control specimen to a minimum at of 7.37 at B. coagulans treatment suspension density of 1.5 × 108 cells/ml and thereafter gradually increased to 7.51 at peak B. coagulans suspension density of 2.4 × 109 cells/ml. Tests results indicate that treatment of black cotton soil with 25B-75C mix ratio at 2.4 × 109 cells/ml B. coagulans suspension density significantly reduced the free swell value and makes it useable for engineering application.
Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation Study on the Plasticity and Compaction Characteristics of Lateritic Soil Treated with Bacillus Megaterium in Urea-CaCl2 Culture Medium
Authors: Osinubi K J , Eberemu A O , Ijimdiya T S , Etim R K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An ecofriendly method of soil improvement known as Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) has received significant recognition in the past decade. This study presents a report on the capability of MICP in modifying the plasticity and compaction properties of lateritic soil bio-treated with different suspension densities of a ureolytic microorganisms - Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium). Specimens were prepared with liquid limit moisture of the natural soil in three mix ratios of B. megaterium (B) and cementation reagent (C) (urea medium): 25 % B: 75 % C, 50 % B: 50 % C and 75 % B: 25 % C. Another set of specimens were prepared at optimum moisture content (OMC) equivalent covering 1/3 pore volume of B. megaterium and 2/3 pore volume of urea medium introduced in three sequences at 6-hour interval to steadily initiate MICP mechanisms. The results of the various mix ratios indicated improvement in plasticity index (PI) with higher B. megaterium suspension density. The best improved PI value was obtained for specimen treated with 75 % B: 25 % C mix ratio at B. megaterium suspension density of 2.40 × 109 cells/ml with an equivalent maximum 5.3 % CaCO3 content. The maximum dry density (MDD) and OMC values marginally increased with higher B. megaterium suspension density as well as calcite content. The micrographs obtained from scan electron microscope (SEM) showed changes from untreated to bio-treated state, which resulted in non-uniform precipitation of calcite in the soil. The variation in elemental quantifications displayed by the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) validate the formation of calcite within voids and on surface of the soil particles.
Effect of curing method on unconfined compressive strength of silty sand treated with Bacillus Megaterium
Authors: Eberemu A O , Onah M , Osinubi K J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of curing method on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of silty sand treated with Bacillus megaterium. (B. megaterium) using the Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) technique. Compaction test was conducted using the British Standard light (BSL) energy. UCS tests were performed on two sets of specimens treated with varying B. megaterium suspension densities and cementation reagent using trial mix ratio of 50% B. megaterium (B) and 50 % cementation reagent (C) (i.e., 50B-50C) for the treated specimen and 100 % cementation reagent (C) (i.e., 100C) for the control specimen. One set of specimens extruded from compaction mould was air-cured at room temperature for 24 hours, while the second set of specimens were placed in sealed polythene bags immediately after extrusion from the moulds. The results obtained show that the peak UCS values of the air-cured specimens and the sealed specimens are 448.8 kN/m2 and 19.8 kN/m2, respectively, for treatment with B. megaterium suspension density of 6.0 x 108 cells/ml. The study shows that the UCS of silty sand treated with B. megaterium is sensitive to curing method.
Performance evaluation of asphalt concrete mixture incorporating calcite powder as filler substitute for sustainable pavement construction
Authors: Modupe A E , Aladegboye O J , Alejolowo E A , Orogbade B O , Akade G O , Akinmolayan O P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increasing cost and paucity of conventional pavement construction materials has in recent times become very worrisome and a serious challenge in the road construction industry. This has spurred the search for a less expensive and environmentally friendly material, readily available and suitable for the purpose of constructing sustainable pavements both in the rural and urban areas of developing countries. In this research, the suitability of calcite powder in asphalt as filler in substituted proportions was investigated through tests on the modified samples for enhanced engineering properties. This was achieved by partially replacing conventional filler with calcite in proportion of “10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%” respectively. After the production of the modified bituminous concrete at the various proportions, the samples produced were placed in a water bath for 30 minutes at a temperature of 60°C before conducting the Marshall stability test and flow. Marshall stability values of 37.7 kN, 37.9 kN, 34.0 kN, 35.0 kN, 28.9 kN and corresponding flow values of 12.0 mm, 11.3 mm, 10.5 mm, 9.60 mm, 10.3 mm, were obtained for the modification proportions respectively. The stability values were observed to be higher than the control mix and likewise satisfy the minimum requirement of 3.33 kN or 340 kg according to the Marshal mix design specification for wearing course surfacing. Similarly, the flow values obtained where found to be within the specified range of 8 – 17 mm at 0.25mm units. Percentage air voids (Vv) values of 3.7%, 5.2%, 4.7%, 3.0%, and 5.9% obtained where also found to satisfy the required range of 3-5% according to the specification. Voids filled with bitumen (VFB) values of 78.58%, 69.56%, 69.73%, 76.63%, and 58.93% derived where also within specified range 75 – 85 % of the specification. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) micrograph showed the distinct presence of calcium and oxygen in the hot mix asphalt modified with calcite, while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) provided an in-depth perspective of the concrete grains in the hot mix matrix and the improved bonding of the aggregates, bitumen and calcite due the presence of calcium. The results have shown the possibility of calcite utilization in bituminous mixes, towards reducing cost of construction and best suitable for medium trafficked roads, parking lots and walkways.
Investigation of geotechnical properties of soil samples in Isu-Njaba Imo State
Authors: Ekeleme A C , Ibearugbulem O H , Ugwu E I , Njoku C E , Amanamba E C , Ibe O P , Igwegbe E W , Okpara P C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The properties of the geotechnical characteristics of soil samples from Isu-Njaba borrow pit was carried out in this study. Ten soil samples from the depth of 3m were taken from the pit at day1, day7 and day14 respectively. The tests carried out on the soil samples include sieve analysis, natural moisture content, Atterberg limit, compaction and California bearing ratio tests in line with standards. From the results, the fine soil content is 4.19%, and the soil samples contain more of sand and gravel and are uniformly graded. Thus the soil is classified as A-2-4 soil in line with AASHTO standard of soil classification. The obtained liquid limit is 38.02%, plastic limit of 27.53% and plasticity index of 10.49%. The results from the test on compaction showed the maximum dry density to be 1.56 Mg/m and optimum moisture content as 14.30%. The values of the California bearing ratio for the non-soaked soil is 20.64%, and 12.63% for the soaked soil. The study showed that the soil samples from Isu-Njaba borrow-pit could be applied as materials for sub grade, sub base and base purposes, as most of the properties meet the specifications of the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing guidelines for road construction.
Suitability of using borrow pit soils collected from Southwestern Nigeria as landfill liners
Authors: Akinwumi I I , Afolayan O D , Okeke C A U , Badiru O O , Jolayemi K J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Effective waste disposal system is essential in preventing the infiltration of leachate into the groundwater and in achieving the sustainable development goal of ensuring clean water. One of the ways to provide an adequate disposal system is through the provision and use of engineered landfills for waste containment instead of open dumps. Consequently, this study evaluates the suitability of using soils from six borrow pits collected from six states in Southwestern, Nigeria. To assess the suitability of the soils, laboratory tests were carried out to determine the index properties, mechanical and hydraulic properties of the collected soil samples. The results showed that the soil samples collected from the selected borrow pits in Ogun, Oyo and Ekiti States could be effectively employed for the containment of inert waste. In contrast, the soil samples collected from the selected borrow pits in Osun, Lagos and Ondo States needs to be improved such that their unconfined compressive strengths satisfy the standard requirement (≥200 kN/m2). This study provides readily accessible soil data for use by engineering professionals involved in selecting suitable soil for use as landfill liners in Southwestern, Nigeri.
Influence of GIS on sustainable pavement maintenance: a comparative review
Authors: Ngene B U , Bassey D E , Busari A A , Bamigboye G O , Nworgu A T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Road transportation remains dominant in passenger and freight movements across Africa. Yet, a majority of the countries in Africa do not perform proactively in ensuring the sustainability of highway infrastructure. This research reviews recent literature in recognizing the state-of-the-practice on the application of GIS-based techniques in sustainable pavement maintenance, hence promoting a systematic approach for highway maintenance management. Furthermore, it compares contemporary maintenance practices in the five major African regions to highlight the differences and similarities. Most countries have since implemented institutional reforms such as the provision of road funds and agencies, thereby making substantial improvements on road maintenance. However, several challenges, including inadequate financing, lack of technical expertise, poor administration, and lack of continuous research and development still hinder sustainable road maintenance in Africa. Hence, most African countries still depend solely on budget financing while adopting delayed and reactive approaches to highway maintenance activities. The study revealed that sustainable methods of pavement maintenance have neither been incorporated in policy nor practices involving highway pavement management in most African nations. And as such, it encourages respective road agencies to integrate GIS-based techniques into road maintenance management at all functional levels to promote sustainability.
Effect of iron ore tailings on the plasticity and compaction properties of selected tropical soils
Authors: Yohanna P , Sani R O , Ishola K , Ijimdiya T S , Eberemu A O , Osinubi K J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe workability of any soil, when used as a construction material, is greatly affected by its plasticity and compaction characteristics. This research investigates the effect of iron ore tailings (IOT) on the plasticity and compaction properties of lateritic soil (LTS) and black cotton soil (BCS). Atterberg limit and compaction test using three energies, British standard Light, BSL, British standard Heavy, BSH, and West Africa standard, WAS were carried out. These tests were conducted on mixed ratios of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 % of IOT mixed each with LTS and BCS separately. A Statistical conceptual model was developed using Minitab R15 to predict the values of the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) from the computed laboratory results. Analysis was then carried out on the predicted results using origin pro version 8 to test the efficacy of results obtained. The result of specific gravity test shows increase with IOT concentration. An improvement on the plasticity of the modified soil was noted. The liquid limit for both LTS and BCS decreased with increasing IOT concentration. Values drop from 43.4 to 42.7% for LTS and 56 to 52.6% for BCS at 0 and 10% of IOT content, respectively. Plastic limit increased with increasing IOT concentration for LTS and decreased for BCS. In the case of the Plasticity index, values decreased for LTS and marginally increased for BCS treated with IOT. MDD values increased and thereafter drop for LTS treated with IOT while for BCS values increased from natural up to 10% IOT content. OMC values increased for LTS treated with IOT and decreased for BCS treated with IOT. The effectiveness of the developed model was validated using the values of the correlation coefficient obtained from the statistical analysis, which showed a solid relationship between predicted and measured values. Plasticity index values obtained for IOT stabilized BCS did not meet up to the standard requirement when used as a sub-base and base course material respectively. However, the treatment of LTS and BCS with 8-10% IOT improved the soil properties and can be used for pedestrian walkways.
Fresh Characteristics of High-Performance Self-Compacting Concrete using Induction Furnace Slag as Supplementary Cementitious Material
Authors: Mark O G , Ede A N , Arum C , Jolayemi K J , Ojuawo I , Ajimalofin D , Adediran J , Babatunde I , Olimaro G B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using wastes products in concrete contributes towards sustainability in civil engineering construction. Producing high-performance-self-compacting concrete (HPSCC), using induction furnace slag (IFS) contributes positively to the sustainability of concrete technology. Many researchers have developed self-compacting concrete (SCC), but there are minimal investigations reported considering the high-performance in the development of SCC. The aim of this paper is to determine the fresh characteristics of HPSCC, using IFS as a supplementary cementitious material. Tests were conducted on filling ability, passing ability, as well as resistance to segregation of the fresh HPSCCs, containing IFS at percentage replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Slump flow and T50cm slump flow tests were conducted to determine the filling ability. L-Box test was used to determine the passing ability. V-funnel at T5minutes test was conducted to determine the resistance to segregation. The results showed that the slump flow ranged between 652 and 687 mm, the T50cm slump flow ranged between 2.59 and 3.97 seconds, the L-box value ranged between 0.81 and 0.95, while V-funnel at T5minutes ranged between 1.88 and 3.11. The fresh properties criteria, according to EFNARC were fulfilled, except for few concretes with IFS content greater than 20%. It is therefore recommended that induction furnace slag be incorporated as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) when producing HPSCC.
Review of the mechanical and durability properties of natural fibre laminate-strengthened reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Ede A N , Ben-Ejeagwu B , Akpabot A I , Oyebisi S O , Olofinnade O M , Mark O G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The brittle nature of concrete has always necessitated the need for various forms of reinforcement that will absorb the tensile stress that is responsible for cracking. Conventionally, steel rebar embedded in concrete, giving rise to reinforced concrete structures has turned out to be a composite material that has been most used for infrastructural development around the world. The ductility impacted on concrete by steel rebar has been very efficient, though reinforced concrete structures are prone to durability challenges when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Most times, repairing deficient concrete structures is more economical and sustainable than total replacement. Various approaches have been successfully implemented around the world in strengthening weakening reinforced concrete structures, nevertheless, bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to the soffit of weak beams is turning out to be a viable option. Of particular interest is the adoption of naturally occurring fibers for laminates used for beam strengthening. In this era of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in which the world is striving to reduce the effects industrial productions on the environment, advances in adopting renewable materials is highly welcomed. This research reviews the past works on the use of natural fibre-based composites in strengthening deficient reinforced concrete beams. The outcome of this research will go a long way in contributing towards the achievement of the SDGs.