bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber reinforced rubber composites through bio‐inspired surface modification and aramid nanofiber coating
Authors: Zhang Bo , Shao Xiaoming , Liang Tianze , Wang Wencai , Tian Ming , Ning Nanying , Zhang Liqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the interfacial adhesion between aramid fiber (AF) and rubber matrix, a simple and facile method of aramid nanofiber (ANF) coating is demonstrated in this article. Tannic acid (TA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are polymerized in an alkaline solution to form a thin TA/PEI (TP) layer that is deposited on the surface of AF to introduce functional groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups. Then, the ANF coating is utilized to construct nanostructures on the surface of AF to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the rubber. Through hydrogen bonding and/or π‐π stacking between the TP layer and the ANF, the ANF coating is firmly attached to the surface of AF. Compared with the untreated fiber, the interfacial adhesion of AF coated with ANF after 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 deposition cycles is increased by 27.8%, 29.1%, 31.5%, 43.1%, and 30.3%, and the mechanical properties of the fibers remain almost unchanged. This method shows its advantages of simple, facile, and time‐effective, which is of great significance for industrial applications.
The promises of lysine polyphosphorylation as a regulatory modification in mammals are tempered by conceptual and technical challenges
Authors: Baijal Kanchi , Downey Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolyphosphate (polyP) is a ubiquitous biomolecule thought to be present in all cells on Earth. PolyP is deceivingly simple, consisting of repeated units of inorganic phosphates polymerized in long energy‐rich chains. PolyP is involved in diverse functions in mammalian systems—from cell signaling to blood clotting. One exciting avenue of research is a new nonenzymatic post‐translational modification, termed lysine polyphosphorylation, wherein polyP chains are covalently attached to lysine residues of target proteins. While the modification was first characterized in budding yeast, recent work has now identified the first human targets. There is significant promise in this area of biomedical research, but a number of technical issues and knowledge gaps present challenges to rapid progress. In this review, the current state of the field is summarized and existing roadblocks related to the study of lysine polyphosphorylation in higher eukaryotes are introduced. It is discussed how limited methods to identify targets of polyphosphorylation are further impacted by low concentration, unknown regulatory enzymes, and sequestration of polyP into compartments in mammalian systems. Furthermore, suggestions on how these obstacles could be addressed or what their physiological relevance may be within mammalian cells are presented.
The associations of increased cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment in neurosyphilis presenting with ischemic stroke
Authors: Xiang Lei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Biao , Zhang Chao , Hou Shuping , Yue Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeIschemic stroke is a common clinical feature of neurosyphilis, but its accompanying cognitive decline is often overlooked. The mechanisms of cognitive impairment in neurosyphilis presenting with ischemic stroke are not fully understood. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) was recently shown to predict post‐stroke cognitive decline. Therefore, this study aims to validate the correlation between CSVD and cognitive impairment in neurosyphilis presenting with ischemic stroke.MethodsWe enrolled 179 neurosyphilis patients diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke and performed a 12‐month cognitive assessment follow‐up. CSVD burden was evaluated by neuroimaging markers, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and perivascular spaces (PVS). We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the association between cognitive decline and total CSVD burden score in neurosyphilis patients.ResultsThe neurosyphilis participants had a significantly higher total CSVD score and lower cognitive function score compared with the syphilis‐uninfected patients. Acute cognitive impairment was associated with total CSVD score, extensive microbleeds, and Grade 3 WMHs. After 12‐month follow‐up, the poor prognosis of post‐stroke cognitive impairment was associated with a higher burden of CSVD and extensive microbleeds.ConclusionsCerebral small vessel disease loads in neurosyphilis patients presenting with ischemic stroke are independently associated with acute cognitive impairment and have a prospective value for post‐stroke cognitive outcomes.
The Natural Products and Extracts: Anti‐Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer in Vitro
Authors: Chen Han , Yang Jiaping , Yang Yanlong , Zhang Jianpeng , Xu Yao , Lu Xiaoling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up 15 % to 20 % of all breast cancer (BC) cases, and represents one of the most challenging malignancies to treat. For many years, chemotherapy has been the main treatment option for TNBC. Natural products isolated from marine organisms and terrestrial organisms with great structural diversity and high biochemical specificity form a compound library for the assessment and discovery of new drugs. In this review, we mainly focused on natural compounds and extracts (from marine and terrestrial environments) with strong anti‐TNBC activities (IC50<100 μM) and their possible mechanisms reported in the past six years (2015–2021).
Ruthenium on Alkali‐Exfoliated Ti3(Al0.8Sn0.2)C2 MAX Phase Catalyses Reduction of 4‐Nitroaniline with Ammonia Borane
Authors: Slot Thierry K. , Oulego Paula , Sofer Zdeněk , Bai Yuelei , Rothenberg Gadi , Raveendran Shiju N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMAX phases are gaining increased interest in catalysis, typically for high‐temperature applications. They can also be delaminated into 2D‐structures, so‐called MXenes, enabling better accessibility and the tuning of active site surroundings. Here we present an analogous yet different approach, using an alkaline treatment to prepare a Ti3(Al0.8Sn0.2)C2 MAX phase derivative, with an open, disordered structure. This new material, which is missing most of the larger interlayer spacing, is a good support for ruthenium particles (1.6 nm diameter). Ru on disordered MAX phase catalyses both ammonia borane hydrolysis (TOF=582 min−1, 30 °C) and the reduction of 4‐nitroaniline (TOF=13 min−1, 45 °C). Using the former as a benchmark reaction, we show that the open disordered structure of the support promotes catalytic activity. The boost in reactivity is related to a metal‐support interaction, improving the activity of metallic ruthenium. We also show here, for the first time, that supported Ru is a good catalyst for reducing nitroaniline with ammonia borane. Overall, our results reveal that disordered MAX‐derivatives are promising as catalyst supports, owing to their potential for tuning the electronic properties at the metal active sites.
The Role of Nitrogen‐doping in the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone with Formic Acid over Pd supported on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hu Bin , Li Xiaoyu , Busser Wilma , Schmidt Stefan , Xia Wei , Li Guangci , Li Xuebing , Peng Baoxiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighly selective one‐step hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone, an important intermediate in the production of nylon 6 and nylon 66, is desirable but remains a challenge. Pd nanoparticles supported on nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (NCNTs, OCNTs) were prepared, characterized, and applied in the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone to study the effect of N‐doping. Almost full conversion of phenol with high selectivity to cyclohexanone was achieved over Pd/NCNT under mild reaction conditions using either H2 or formic acid (FA) as a hydrogen source. The effects of reaction temperature and FA/phenol ratio and the reusability were investigated. Separate FA decomposition experiments without and with the addition of phenol were performed to investigate the reaction mechanism, especially the deactivation behavior. Deactivation was observed for both catalysts during the FA decomposition, while only Pd/OCNT rather than Pd/NCNT was deactivated in the transfer hydrogenation with FA and the FA decomposition in the presence of phenol, indicating the unique role of N‐doping. Therefore, we assume that deactivation is caused by the strongly bound formates on the active Pd sites, suppressing further FA decomposition and/or transfer hydrogenation on Pd. The nonplanar adsorption of phenol on NCNTs via weak O−H⋅⋅⋅N interactions enables the occurrence of the subsequent hydrogenation by adsorbed formate on Pd.
Biomechanical analysis of lumbar fusion with proximal interspinous process device implantation
Authors: Shen Hangkai , Fogel Guy R. , Zhu Jia , Liao Zhenhua , Liu Weiqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLumbar spinal fusion may cause adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) in the long term. Recently, inserting an interspinous process device (IPD) proximal to the fusion has been proposed to prevent ASD. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of lumbar fusion with proximal IPD implantation (LFPI) under both static loads and whole body vibration (WBV). A previously validated finite element (FE) model of the L1‐5 lumbar spine was modified to simulate L4‐5 fusion. Three different IPDs (Coflex‐F, Wallis and DIAM) were inserted at the L3‐4 segment of the fusion model to construct the LFPI models. The intact and surgical FE models were analyzed under static loads and WBV, respectively. Under static loading conditions, LFPI decreased range of motion (ROM) and intradiscal pressure (IDP) at the transition segment L3‐4 compared with the fusion case. At the segment (L2‐3) adjacent to the transition level, LFPI induced higher motion and IDP than rigid fusion. Under WBV, vibration amplitudes of the L3‐4 IDP and L4‐5 facet joint force (FJF) decreased by more than 54.3% after surgery. The LFPI model with the DIAM system offered the most comparable biomechanics to the intact model under static loads, and decreased the dynamic responses of the L4‐5 FJF under WBV. The LFPI model with the Wallis and Coflex‐F systems could stabilize the transition segment, and decrease dynamic responses of the L3‐4 IDP. The DIAM system may be more suitable in LFPI.
Influence of balloon design, plaque material composition, and balloon sizing on acute post angioplasty outcomes: An implicit finite element analysis
Authors: Helou Bernard , Bel‐Brunon Aline , Dupont Claire , Ye Wenfeng , Silvestro Claudio , Rochette Michel , Lucas Antoine , Kaladji Adrien , Haigron Pascal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work we propose a generic modeling approach for simulating percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) endovascular treatment, and evaluating the influence of balloon design, plaque composition, and balloon sizing on acute post‐procedural outcomes right after PTA, without stent implantation. Clinically‐used PTA balloons were classified into two categories according to their compliance characteristics, and were modeled correspondingly. Self‐defined elastoplastic constitutive laws were implemented within the plaque and artery models, after calibration based on experimental and clinical data. Finite element method (FEM) implicit solver was used to simulate balloon inflation and deflation. Besides balloon profile at max inflation, results are mainly assessed in terms of the elastic recoil ratio (ERR) and lumen gain ratio (LGR) obtained immediately after PTA. No variations in ERR nor LGR values were detected when the balloon design changed, despite the differences observed in their profile at max inflation. Moreover, LGR and ERR inversely varied with the augmentation of calcification level within the plaque (−11% vs. +4% respectively, from fully lipidic to fully calcified plaque). Furthermore, results showed a direct correlation between balloon sizing and LGR and ERR, with noticeably higher rates of change for LGR (+18% and +2% for LGR and ERR respectively for a calcified plaque and a balloon pressure increasing from 10 to 14 atm). However a larger LGR comes with a higher risk of arterial rupture. This proposed methodology opens the way for evaluation of angioplasty balloon selections towards clinical procedure optimization.
Customer‐oriented sales modeling strategy in a big data environment
Authors: Chen Weijun , Ogiela Urszula , Zhang Jindan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to provide personally oriented solutions in sales strategies for different retailers in the fierce market competition,data mining is being increasingly used in retail industry. We use customer‐oriented data mining technology to extract valuable information from a great amount of historical commercial data, so that we can provide different sales promotions for merchants to extend the business. "Small profits and quick returns" is a popular sales strategy to increase sales volume by many shopping malls. By using statistical modeling, we establish a mathematical model to analysis the relationships among the discount rate,the turnover and the profit margin according to the historical sales data of a shopping mall in recent two years. Base on this,the paper conducts the empirical research on small profits and quick returns and make sales recommendations on promotions. Our analysis indicates that the effect of discount rate on turnover is greater than the effect of profit rate on turnover in the retail industry. It is also necessary to consider the different nature of goods. The final computing results are also influenced by different types of goods. Furthermore, we consider the classification of goods into three types: the sell‐well goods, the common goods, and the unsalable goods and analyze them in the similar framework. The paper shows that there are different characteristics for the different types.
Exposure‐Response Relationships in Patients With HER2‐Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors Treated With Trastuzumab Deruxtecan
Authors: Yin Ophelia , Iwata Hiroji , Lin Chia‐Chi , Tamura Kenji , Watanabe Junichiro , Wada Russ , Kastrissios Helen , AbuTarif Malaz , Garimella Tushar , Lee Caleb , Zhang Lin , Shahidi Javad , LaCreta Frank 
Published: May 2021

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd) is a HER2‐targeting antibody‐drug conjugate composed of a novel enzyme‐cleavable linker and membrane‐permeable topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. T‐DXd has been approved for HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer and for HER2‐positive metastatic gastric cancer. The approval in breast cancer was based on results from the DESTINY‐Breast01 (U201; NCT03248492) and J101 (NCT02564900) trials. Here, we present dose justification for the approved 5.4 mg/kg every‐3‐weeks (Q3W) dose based on exposure‐efficacy evaluated in patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer (N = 337) from these 2 trials. Exposure‐safety was assessed in patients with all tumor types (N = 639, n = 512 with breast cancer) across 5 trials, including J101 and DESTINY‐Breast01. T‐DXd doses ranged from 0.8–8.0 mg/kg Q3W; most patients received 5.4 (n = 312) or 6.4 mg/kg (n = 291). For each end point, multivariate logistic or Cox regression analysis was performed using various exposure metrics of T‐DXd and released drug. A statistically significant association was observed between intact T‐DXd area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and confirmed objective response rate (ORR; P = 0.028). No significant exposure‐response relationships were observed between intact T‐DXd or released drug and duration of response or progression‐free survival; however, follow‐up was limited. All evaluated safety end points demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) relationship with either intact T‐DXd or released drug, with higher adverse event (AE) rates projected at higher exposures. Dose‐response projections suggested an increase in ORR (67.5% vs. 62.9%) and toxicity (e.g., grade ≥ 3 all‐cause treatment‐emergent AEs: 61% vs. 54%) with T‐DXd 6.4 vs. 5.4 mg/kg. Results demonstrate the benefit‐risk profile at different doses and guide clinicians in the use of the 5.4‐mg/kg Q3W dose in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer.
Methanol Synthesis by Hydrogenation of Hybrid CO2−CO Feeds
Authors: Araújo Thaylan Pinheiro , Hergesell Adrian H. , Faust‐Akl Dario , Büchele Simon , Stewart Joseph A. , Mondelli Cecilia , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe impact of carbon monoxide on CO2‐to‐methanol catalysts has been scarcely investigated, although CO will comprise up to half of the carbon feedstock, depending on the origin of CO2 and process configuration. In this study, copper‐based systems and ZnO−ZrO2 are assessed in cycling experiments with hybrid CO2−CO feeds and their CO sensitivity is compared to In2O3‐based materials. All catalysts are found to be promoted upon CO addition. Copper‐based systems are intrinsically more active in CO hydrogenation and profit from exploiting this carbon source for methanol production, whereas CO induces surplus formation of oxygen vacancies (i. e., the catalytic sites) on ZnO−ZrO2, as in In2O3‐based systems. Mild‐to‐moderate deactivation occurs upon re‐exposure to CO2‐rich streams, owing to water‐induced sintering for all catalysts except ZnO−ZrO2, which responds reversibly to feed variations, likely owing to its more hydrophobic nature and the atomic mixing of its metal components. Catalytic systems are categorized for operation in hybrid CO2−CO feeds, emphasizing the significance of catalyst and process design to foster advances in CO2 utilization technologies.
Time lags: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network
Authors: Rastetter Edward B. , Ohman Mark D. , Elliott Katherine J. , Rehage J. S. , Rivera‐Monroy Victor H. , Boucek R. E. , Castañeda‐Moya Edward , Danielson Tess M. , Gough Laura , Groffman Peter M. , Jackson C. Rhett , Miniat Chelcy Ford , Shaver Gaius R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEcosystems across the United States are changing in complex ways that are difficult to predict. Coordinated long‐term research and analysis are required to assess how these changes will affect a diverse array of ecosystem services. This paper is part of a series that is a product of a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. This effort revealed that each LTER site had at least one compelling scientific case study about “what their site would look like” in 50 or 100 yr. As the site results were prepared, themes emerged, and the case studies were grouped into separate papers along five themes: state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects and compiled into this special issue. This paper addresses the time lags theme with five examples from diverse biomes including tundra (Arctic), coastal upwelling (California Current Ecosystem), montane forests (Coweeta), and Everglades freshwater and coastal wetlands (Florida Coastal Everglades) LTER sites. Its objective is to demonstrate the importance of different types of time lags, in different kinds of ecosystems, as drivers of ecosystem structure and function and how these can effectively be addressed with long‐term studies. The concept that slow, interactive, compounded changes can have dramatic effects on ecosystem structure, function, services, and future scenarios is apparent in many systems, but they are difficult to quantify and predict. The case studies presented here illustrate the expanding scope of thinking about time lags within the LTER network and beyond. Specifically, they examine what variables are best indicators of lagged changes in arctic tundra, how progressive ocean warming can have profound effects on zooplankton and phytoplankton in waters off the California coast, how a series of species changes over many decades can affect Eastern deciduous forests, and how infrequent, extreme cold spells and storms can have enduring effects on fish populations and wetland vegetation along the Southeast coast and the Gulf of Mexico. The case studies highlight the need for a diverse set of LTER (and other research networks) sites to sort out the multiple components of time lag effects in ecosystems.
Old‐growth forest structure in a low‐productivity hypermaritime rainforest in coastal British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hoffman Kira M. , Starzomski Brian M. , Lertzman Ken P. , Giesbrecht Ian J. W. , Trant Andrew J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDendrochronological analyses were conducted across a gradient of productivity and soil drainage quality characterizing four vegetation types in a low‐productivity hypermaritime (perhumid) temperate rainforest on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. We examined the structure, composition, and stand dynamics of trees growing in 400 m2 plots located in blanket bog, bog woodland, bog forest, and zonal forest vegetation types. We sampled over 2500 trees and 1500 seedlings and saplings and our dendrochronological reconstruction of six tree species revealed establishment ages extending to 660 A.D. (1350 yr). All forest plots contained numerous old trees (>250 yr) and the zonal forest and bog forest vegetation types contained significantly taller trees and also had the greatest amount of suppressed, shade‐tolerant tree species. The bog woodland vegetation type contained more seedlings and saplings than the other three vegetation types combined. The bog forest vegetation type had the highest density of dead standing trees (~530 per hectare). Blanket bogs contained an open structure with very few old trees (>250 yr). Significant differences in the ages of trees existed between forested vegetation types and the more open blanket bog vegetation type. Several trees exceeded 1000 yr in age and were situated in lower‐productivity bog forest and bog woodland sites. We found no evidence of widespread tree cohort establishment, indicating that small‐scale disturbances such as individual tree mortality and gap‐forming dynamics are likely the most frequent disturbance in the study area.