bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
sTWEAK is a marker of early haematoma growth and leukoaraiosis in intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: da Silva-Candal Andrés , López-Dequidt Iria , Rodriguez-Yañez Manuel , Ávila-Gómez Paulo , Pumar José Manuel , Castillo José , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Hervella Pablo 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo study the association between early growth of haematoma with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction such as leukoaraiosis (LA) and the soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of patients with nontraumatic ICH. Clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed. sTWEAK levels were measured by ELISA. LA was analysed in the hemisphere without haemorrhage to avoid interference with the acute injury. The main endpoint was the haematoma growth evaluated by the difference in volume between the second and the initial neuroimage. Poor functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale >2 at 3 months, was considered as secondary endpoint. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to stablish the best cut-off for sTWEAK levels associated with haematoma growth.ResultsWe included 653 patients with ICH in our analysis (71.1±11.9 years, 44% women). Haematoma growth was observed in 188 patients (28.8%). sTWEAK levels ≥5600 pg/mL predicted ICH growth with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 87%. sTWEAK levels ≥5600 pg/mL and the presence of LA were associated with haematoma growth (OR: 42.46; (CI 95% 22.67 to 79.52) and OR: 2.73 (CI 95% 1.39 to 5.34), respectively). Also, the presence of LA (OR: 4.31 (CI 95% 2.89 to 6.42)) and the interaction between ICH growth and sTWEAK (OR: 2.23 (CI 95% 1.40 to 3.55)) were associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months.ConclusionsTWEAKs, together with the presence and grade of LA, are biomarkers able to predict ICH growth and poor functional outcome in patients with ICH.
Supersymmetric spin–phonon coupling prevents odd integer spins from quantum tunneling
Authors: Irländer Kilian , Schmidt Heinz-Jürgen , Schnack Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantum tunneling of the magnetization is a phenomenon that impedes the use of small anisotropic spin systems for storage purposes even at the lowest temperatures. Phonons, usually considered for temperature dependent relaxation of magnetization over the anisotropy barrier, also contribute to magnetization tunneling for integer spin quantum numbers. Here we demonstrate that certain spin–phonon Hamiltonians are unexpectedly robust against the opening of a tunneling gap, even for strong spin–phonon coupling. The key to understanding this phenomenon is provided by an underlying supersymmetry that involves both spin and phonon degrees of freedom.
Stomatin-Mediated Inhibition of the Akt Signaling Axis Suppresses Tumor Growth
Authors: Rahman Nor Idayu A. , Sato Akira , Tsevelnorov Khurelbaatar , Shimizu Akio , Komeno Masahiro , Ahmat Amin Mohammad Khusni Bin , Molla Md Rasel , Soh Joanne Ern Chi , Nguyen Le Kim Chi , Wada Akinori , Kawauchi Akihiro , Ogita Hisakazu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The growth and progression of cancers are crucially regulated by the tumor microenvironment where tumor cells and stromal cells are mutually associated. In this study, we found that stomatin expression was markedly upregulated by the interaction between prostate cancer cells and stromal cells. Stomatin suppressed cancer cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in vitro and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Stomatin inhibited Akt activation, which is mediated by phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1). PDPK1 protein stability was maintained by its binding to HSP90. Stomatin interacted with PDPK1 and interfered with the PDPK1–HSP90 complex formation, resulting in decreased PDPK1 expression. Knockdown of stomatin in cancer cells elevated Akt activation and promoted cell increase by promoting the interaction between PDPK1 and HSP90. Clinically, stomatin expression levels were significantly decreased in human prostate cancer samples with high Gleason scores, and lower expression of stomatin was associated with higher recurrence of prostate cancer after the operation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the tumor-suppressive effect of stromal-induced stomatin on cancer cells.

Significance:
These findings reveal that interactions with stromal cells induce expression of stomatin in prostate cancer cells, which suppresses tumor growth via attenuation of the Akt signaling axis.
Chronic Adrenergic Stress Contributes to Metabolic Dysfunction and an Exhausted Phenotype in T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Qiao Guanxi , Chen Minhui , Mohammadpour Hemn , MacDonald Cameron R. , Bucsek Mark J. , Hylander Bonnie L. , Barbi Joseph J. , Repasky Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction and exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating T cells have been linked to ineffectual antitumor immunity and the failure of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We report here that chronic stress plays a previously unrecognized role in regulating the state of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Using two mouse tumor models, we found that blocking chronic adrenergic stress signaling using the pan β-blocker propranolol or by using mice lacking the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) results in reduced tumor growth rates with significantly fewer tumor-infiltrating T cells that express markers of exhaustion, with a concomitant increase in progenitor exhausted T cells. We also report that blocking β-AR signaling in mice increases glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), which associated with increased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 and increased antitumor effector functions, including increased cytokine production. Using T cells from Nur77-GFP reporter mice to monitor T-cell activation, we observed that stress-induced β-AR signaling suppresses T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Together, these data suggest that chronic stress–induced adrenergic receptor signaling serves as a “checkpoint” of immune responses and contributes to immunosuppression in the TME by promoting T-cell metabolic dysfunction and exhaustion. These results also support the possibility that chronic stress, which unfortunately is increased in many patients with cancer following their diagnoses, could be exerting a major negative influence on the outcome of therapies that depend upon the status of TILs and support the use of strategies to reduce stress or β-AR signaling in combination with immunotherapy.
Regional Variations in Heart Failure Quality and Outcomes: Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Cunningham Luke C. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Yancy Clyde W. , Sheng Shubin , Matsouaka Roland A. , DeVore Adam D. , Jneid Hani , Deswal Anita 
Published: March 2021

Background
Regional patient characteristics, care quality, and outcomes may differ based on a variety of factors among patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). Regional disparities in outcomes of cardiovascular disease have been suggested across various regions in the United States. This study examined whether there are significant differences by region in quality of care and short‐term outcomes of hospitalized patients with HF across the United States.

Methods and Results

We examined regional demographics, quality measures, and short‐term outcomes across 4 US Census Bureau regions in patients hospitalized with HF and enrolled in the GWTG‐HF (Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure) registry from 2010 to 2016. Differences in length of stay and mortality by region were examined with multivariable logistic regression. The study included 423 333 patients hospitalized for HF in 488 hospitals. Patients in the Northeast were significantly older. Completion of achievement measures, with few exceptions, were met with similar frequency across regions. Multivariable analysis demonstrated significantly lower in‐hospital mortality in the Midwest compared with the Northeast (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51–0.8;
P
<0.00001). The length of stay varied significantly by region with a significantly higher risk‐adjusted length of stay in the Northeast compared with other regions.

Conclusions
Although we did not find any substantial differences by region in quality of care in patients hospitalized for HF, risk‐adjusted inpatient mortality was found to be lower in the Midwest compared with the Northeast, and may be secondary to unmeasured differences in patient characteristics, and to longer length of stay in the Northeast.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Post–Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Esophageal Thermal Injury Across the Spectrum of Severity
Authors: Marashly Qussay , Gopinath Chaitra , Baher Alex , Acharya Madan , Kheirkhahan Mobin , Hardisty Benjamin , Aljuaid Mossab , Tawhari Ibrahim , Ibrahim Mark , Morris Alan K. , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Wilson Brent D. , Marrouche Nassir F. , Chelu Mihail G. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Esophageal thermal injury (ETI) is a byproduct of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation using thermal sources. The most severe form of ETI is represented by atrioesophageal fistula, which has a high mortality rate. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows identification of ETI. Hence, we sought to evaluate the utility of LGE‐MRI as a method to identify ETI across the entire spectrum of severity.

Methods and Results
All AF radiofrequency ablations performed at the University of Utah between January 2009 and December 2017 were reviewed. Patients with LGE‐MRI within 24 hours following AF ablation as well as patients who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy in addition to LGE‐MRI were identified. An additional patient with atrioesophageal fistula who had AF ablation at a different institution and had MRI and esophagogastroduodenoscopy at the University of Utah was identified. A total of 1269 AF radiofrequency ablations were identified. ETI severity was classified on the basis of esophageal LGE pattern (none, 60.9%; mild, 27.5%; moderate, 9.9%; severe, 1.7%). ETI resolved in most patients who underwent repeat LGE‐MRI at 3 months. All patients with esophagogastroduodenoscopy‐confirmed ETI had moderate‐to‐severe LGE 24 hours after ablation MRI. Moderate‐to‐severe LGE had 100% sensitivity and 58.1% specificity in detecting ETI, and a negative predictive value of 100%. Atrioesophageal fistula was visualized by both computed tomography and LGE‐MRI in one patient.

Conclusions
LGE‐MRI is useful in detecting and characterizing ETI across the entire severity spectrum. LGE‐MRI exhibits an extremely high sensitivity and negative predictive value in screening for ETI after AF ablation.
The Parable of the Talents (Matt 25:14–30)
Authors: Porter Phillip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is an unresolved tension between the parable of the Talent’s Matthean literary arrangement and readings proposed by modern scholars using socio-historical research to assess the parable’s reception by a first century audience. Drawing on metaphor theory and incorporating insights from the main interpretive trajectories found in modern scholarship on this parable, the author here proposes a new literary-critical reading that resolves this tension. He argues the parable’s rhetorical function within the Matthean narrative is to prepare the Matthean disciples to lead the universal expansion of the mission of the Matthean Jesus in the post-Easter period.
Connecting the Dots Backwards, What Did Ruiz Zambrano Mean for EU Citizenship and Fundamental Rights in EU Law?
Authors: van Eijken Hanneke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What was the added value of the Ruiz Zambrano judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU for the development of EU citizenship? And how does that affect the national level? In this contribution the case of Ruiz Zambrano and the subsequent case law of the Court of Justice and the Dutch courts is assessed to reveal its impact on EU citizenship and the protection of fundamental rights. The contribution shows that Ruiz Zambrano could be called a revolution, in the sense that irrespective of the exercise of free movement, nationals of the Member States can invoke their status of being an EU citizen. That has consequences for family reunification, and the right to reside as a family in the EU. However, the line of case law is still very limited and can be restricted on grounds of public policy and security (and public health; so far there is no case law on restriction on public health and Article 20 TFEU, but in the context of Covid-19 that might be different in the near future). Moreover, the fundamental rights narrative in the cases on Article 20 TFEU became more prominent. However, the implementation of this line of case law lies at the national level and the Dutch case law on Article 20 TFEU is therefore analysed as an example.
Institutions and HIV Prevalence Puzzle in Dodoma Region
Authors: Mwendah Hadija K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The implementation of the HIV and AIDS public policy response under the current institutional framework is reported to have made notable strides. Available data indicates that the prevalence of HIV in Tanzania has stabilized at about 5% since 2007. However, despite increased policy implementation to prevent HIV infections, the results have varied across the regions in the country. In some regions, the prevalence remains very high, in others it is increasing, and in some the rates have remained very low throughout. Dodoma represents a case where HIV prevalence has been low (below 5%) and declining. Interestingly though, the region has high HIV prevalence among men. The prevalence among men is 3.7% and women 2.1%. This pattern is contrary to that in many other regions in Tanzania, where that of women is greater. This study analyses institutional factors that explain the HIV prevalence puzzle in Dodoma region.
Political Corruption in Africa: Revisiting Kwame Gyekye’s Moral Solution
Authors: Olanipekun Olusola Victor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper examines Kwame Gyekye’s defense of commitmental moral revolution as a solution to the problem of political corruption in postcolonial Africa. In his book; Tradition and Modernity, Gyekye argues that the problem of political corruption in Africa can mainly be solved by commitmental moral revolution. However, there is a fundamental worry about the applicability of this proposal. The worry is that despite Gyekye’s suggested solution, why is it that the problem of political corruption still persists in Africa on a large-scale? Is this persistence of political corruption in postcolonial Africa not a refutation of Gyekye’s main claim? This paper provides answers to these questions. The paper identifies the reason why Gyekye’s suggested solution may be ineffective in postcolonial Africa. It argues that the problem of political corruption in Africa (Nigeria to be specific) is a function of social acceptability of the phenomenon. Primarily, the paper intends to achieve two main objectives. First, to critically assess Gyekye’s commitmental moral revolution, and also, to argue that failure to address the question of social acceptability of corruption in Africa, Gyekye’s suggested solution to corruption may continue to be of no effect. The paper concludes that commitmental moral revolution is necessary but not sufficient in addressing the problem of political corruption in postcolonial Africa.
Molecular phylogenetics, PCA, and MFA recover a new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from an isolated sandstone massif in northwestern Cambodia
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , GEISSLER PETER , NEANG THY , HARTMANN TIMO , WAGNER PHILIPP , POYARKOV NIKOLAY A. 
Published: March 2021

The integrated results of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses, principal component analyses (PCA), and a multiple factor analysis (MFA) recover a new, widely allopatric species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius species group. Cyrtodactylus kulenensis sp. nov is endemic to the Phnom Kulen sandstone massif of the Phnom Kulen National Park, Siem Reap Province, in the lowlands of northwestern Cambodia. A phylogenetic analysis from a short read (275 base pairs) of the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) from C. kulenensis sp. nov. was aligned with 1449 base pairs from all other species in the intermedius group. The analysis recovered C. kulenensis sp. nov. as the sister species to a lineage composed of populations from the widely separated hilly regions of Sa Keao and Sakaerat in eastern Thailand. Multivariate (PCA, DAPC, and MFA) and univariate analyses (ANOVA) using combinations of meristic (scale counts), mensural (morphometric), and categorical (color pattern and morphology) characters from 52 specimens encompassing all species of the intermedius group clearly demonstrate C. kulenensis sp. nov. is significantly different and discretely diagnosable from all other species in the intermedius group. This new discovery further highlights the herpetological diversity and high levels of range-restricted endemism in basin-habitat-island landscapes throughout Indochina and the continued need for field work in the landscapes that remain unsurveyed.
Evidence for an increasing role of ocean heat in Arctic winter sea ice growth
Authors: Ricker Robert , Kauker Frank , Schweiger Axel , Hendricks Stefan , Zhang Jinlun , Paul Stephan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate how sea ice decline in summer and warmer ocean and surface temperatures in winter affect sea ice growth in the Arctic. Sea ice volume changes are estimated from satellite observations during winter from 2002 to 2019 and partitioned into thermodynamic growth and dynamic volume change. Both components are compared to validated sea ice-ocean models forced by reanalysis data to extend observations back to 1980 and to understand the mechanisms that cause the observed trends and variability. We find that a negative feedback driven by the increasing sea ice retreat in summer yields increasing thermodynamic ice growth during winter in the Arctic marginal seas eastward from the Laptev Sea to the Beaufort Sea. However, in the Barents and Kara Seas, this feedback seems to be overpowered by the impact of increasing oceanic heat flux and air temperatures, resulting in negative trends in thermodynamic ice growth of -2 km3month-1yr-1 on average over 2002-2019 derived from satellite observations.
Uncertainty in SPI Calculation and its Impact on Drought Assessment in Different Climate Regions over China
Authors: Wang Wen , Wang Jingshu , Romanowicz Renata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUncertainty in the calculation of a Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) attracted growing concerns in the hydrometeorology research community in the last decade. This issue is addressed in the present study from the perspective of candidate probability distributions, the data record length, the cumulative timescale and the selection of a reference period with the bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods using daily precipitation data observed in four climate regions across China. The impacts of the uncertainty in an SPI calculation on drought assessment are also investigated. Results show that the Gamma distribution is optimal in describing the cumulative precipitation in China; among the four timescales investigated in the present study, the minimal timescale appropriate for SPI calculation is 20 days for the humid region, 30 days for the semi-humid/semi-arid region and Tibetan Plateau (mostly its eastern part), and 90 days for the arid region. The uncertainty in SPI calculation decreases with the increase of timescale and record length, essentially as a consequence of the decrease of the confidence interval width of Gamma distribution parameters with the increase of timescale and record length. But there is little improvement for the parameter estimation with record length longer than 70 years. There is greater uncertainty for high absolute SPI values than for small ones, consequently there is greater uncertainty in assessing extreme droughts than moderate droughts. Reference period selection has large impacts on drought assessment, especially in the context of climate change. The uncertainty of the SPI calculation has large impacts on categorizing droughts, but no impact on assessing the temporal features of drought variation.
On the non-geostrophic appearance of some mean surface velocity observations in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: STURGES WILTON 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA previous study of currents in the Gulf of Mexico by the author used long-term means from three independent data sources. Ship-drift results are in good agreement with surface drifters, but these two do not agree with satellite sea-surface heights (SSH). The agreement between the first two suggested the possibility that there could be errors in the SSH or that the mean surface flow is not in geostrophic balance. The present results, using the addition of a fourth long-term mean from hydrographic data, which agrees with the SSH, resolves the issue. The lack of agreement between different long-term means is from inadequate coverage in space and time in data from ship drifts and drifters.
Scholarly Research Productivity among Otolaryngology Residency Graduates and its Relationship to Future Academic Achievement
Authors: Johnson Austin L. , Corcoran Adam , Ferrell Matthew , Johnson Bradley S. , Mann Scott E. , Villwock Jennifer A. , Ferrell Sydney , Vassar Matt 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Scholastic activity through research involvement is a fundamental aspect of a physician’s training and may have a significant influence on future academic success. Here, we explore publication rates before, during, and after otolaryngology residency training and whether publication efforts correlate with future academic achievement. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included a random sample of 50 otolaryngology residency programs. From these programs, we assembled a list of residents graduating from the years in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Using SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar, we compiled the publications for each graduate, and data were extracted in an independent, double-blinded fashion. Results: We included 32 otolaryngology residency programs representing 249 residents in this analysis. Graduates published a mean of 1.3 (SD = 2.7) articles before residency, 3.5 (SD = 4.3) during residency, and 5.3 (SD = 9.3) after residency. Residents who pursued a fellowship had more total publications ( t247 = −6.1, P < .001) and more first author publications ( t247 = −5.4, P < .001) than residents without fellowship training. Graduates who chose a career in academic medicine had a higher number of mean total publications ( t247 = −8.2, P < .001) and first author publications ( t247 = −7.9, P < .001) than those who were not in academic medicine. There was a high positive correlation between residency program size and publications during residency ( r = 0.76). Conclusion: Research productivity correlated with a number of characteristics such as future fellowship training, the pursuit of an academic career, and overall h-index in this study.