bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional and Non-Emotional Verbal Fluency in Native and Non-Native Speakers
Authors: Lam Boji P W , Marquardt Thomas P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Native speakers frequently outperform non-native speakers on classic semantic verbal fluency tasks that target concrete non-emotional word retrieval. Much less is known about performance differences in retrieval of emotional words, which are abstract and crucial to social–emotional competence. This study compared native and non-native speakers’ verbal productivity on emotional and non-emotional verbal fluency tasks.

Method
Forty-seven native and 37 non-native speakers of English participated in the study. Participants completed seven semantic verbal fluency tasks in English including classic semantic (e.g., “animals”), action (e.g., “things people do”), and emotional variants (e.g., “things that make people happy”). Subjective and objective measures of English proficiency, information about language usage, and cognitive measures (working memory) were obtained for each participant.

Results
Verbal productivity for classic semantic, action, and emotional verbal fluency was lower for non-native speakers. Smaller language-specific vocabulary in non-native speakers did not moderate positivity biases in emotional verbal fluency. Subjective and objective language proficiency measures were less predictive of performance on the emotional than the non-emotional verbal fluency tasks.

Conclusion
Non-native speakers perform more poorly than native speakers on semantic verbal fluency in English for both emotional and non-emotional variants. Positivity biases are not moderated by language proficiency and are reliable features of emotional verbal fluency. Proficiency measures may be less effective in predicting generation of emotional than neutral words.
A Guide to Doppler Ultrasound Analysis of the Face in Cosmetic Medicine. Part 1: Standard Positions
Authors: Velthuis Peter J , Jansen Oscar , Schelke Leonie W , Moon Hyoungjin J , Kadouch Jonathan , Ascher Benjamin , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Interest in Doppler ultrasound (DUS) analysis of the face has grown in cosmetic medicine, in particular for injectable fillers. When dealing with complications, DUS has the advantage of easily visualizing the filler and identifying the problem in relation to the patient’s anatomy. When working with hyaluronic acid filler, ultrasound-guided injections with hyaluronidase can precisely target the problem. In addition, DUS can be used to study the anatomy of a patient, specifically to prevent intravascular injections. We predict that in a few years’ time DUS will become standard equipment in the offices of cosmetic doctors. We discuss the basics of ultrasound imaging of different tissues with the concomitant terminology. With the use of 7 basic DUS probe positions, key anatomic reference points can be easily found. From these, all relevant anatomic structures in the face can be observed and analyzed. With some practice, physicians will ultimately be able to acquire a complete 3-dimensional mental image of a patient’s face.
A Guide to Doppler Ultrasound Analysis of the Face in Cosmetic Medicine. Part 2: Vascular Mapping
Authors: Velthuis Peter J , Jansen Oscar , Schelke Leonie W , Moon Hyoungjin J , Kadouch Jonathan , Ascher Benjamin , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Duplex mode ultrasound imaging can detect the course of the main vascular structures in the face, which are known to be subject to variation. Once duplex mapping has been performed, measures can be taken to prevent injection into an artery, thereby avoiding skin necrosis or, worse, vision loss. For this reason, in particular, we predict that in the coming years sonography will become standard equipment in the offices of cosmetic doctors. We discuss the basics of vascular imaging by Doppler ultrasound, both in normal and pathologic situations. Starting from the 7 basic positions for the ultrasound probe, all facial arteries relevant in cosmetic medicine can be found.
Hierarchical Meta-Storms enables comprehensive and rapid comparison of microbiome functional profiles on a large scale using hierarchical dissimilarity metrics and parallel computing
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Jing Gongchao , Chen Yuzhu , Li Jinhua , Su Xiaoquan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Functional beta-diversity analysis on numerous microbiomes interprets the linkages between metabolic functions and their meta-data. To evaluate the microbiome beta-diversity, widely used distance metrices only count overlapped gene families but omit their inherent relationships, resulting in erroneous distances due to the sparsity of high-dimensional function profiles. Here we propose Hierarchical Meta-Storms (HMS) to tackle such problem. HMS contains two core components: (i) a dissimilarity algorithm that comprehensively measures functional distances among microbiomes using multi-level metabolic hierarchy and (ii) a fast Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) implementation that deduces the beta-diversity pattern optimized by parallel computing. Results showed HMS can detect the variations of microbial functions in upper-level metabolic pathways, however, always missed by other methods. In addition, HMS accomplished the pairwise distance matrix and PCoA for 20 000 microbiomes in 3.9 h on a single computing node, which was 23 times faster and 80% less RAM consumption compared to existing methods, enabling the in-depth data mining among microbiomes on a high resolution. HMS takes microbiome functional profiles as input, produces their pairwise distance matrix and PCoA coordinates.

Availability and implementation
It is coded in C/C++ with parallel computing and released in two alternative forms: a standalone software (https://github.com/qdu-bioinfo/hierarchical-meta-storms) and an equivalent R package (https://github.com/qdu-bioinfo/hrms).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Ecomorphological divergence and lack of gene flow in two sympatric Balkan slow worms (Squamata: Anguidae)
Authors: Thanou Evanthia , Kypraios-Skrekas Vassilis , Kornilios Panagiotis , Giokas Sinos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The slow-worm lizards of the genus Anguis show significant morphological, behavioural and ecological uniformity owing to their limbless, elongated bodies and semifossorial lifestyle. This makes the delimitation of species challenging. Five monophyletic, deeply divergent and mostly parapatric mitochondrial lineages are currently recognized, although hybridization occurs along contact zones. In the southern edge of the range of the genus, two endemic Balkan Anguis (Anguis graeca and Anguis cephallonica) share a broad area of co-distribution and intermediate morphological characteristics. Expecting to retrieve hybrids within the overlap in their distributions, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms but did not recover any evidence of interspecific gene flow. Within each species, genomic data revealed shallow population structuring influenced by spatial isolation, with the exception of the southernmost population of A. cephallonica from the Mani Peninsula. Species distribution modelling showed a lack of strong niche overlap and specific environmental preferences; both species showed a precipitation dependence, but A. cephallonica was better acclimatized to high temperatures. Finally, geometric morphometrics of the head shape suggested morphological divergence, mostly seen in the elongation of the head of A. cephallonica. All the evidence supports a long and complete reproductive isolation between the two southern slow worms and raises questions about how ecomorphological divergence might have acted to promote their speciation.
The quantitative impact of COVID-19 on surgical training in the United Kingdom
Authors: Clements J M , Burke J R , Hope C , Nally D M , Doleman B , Giwa L , Griffiths G , Lund J N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has had a global impact on all aspects of healthcare including surgical training. This study aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on operative case numbers recorded by surgeons in training, and annual review of competency progression (ARCP) outcomes in the UK.

Methods
Anonymized operative logbook numbers were collated from electronic logbook and ARCP outcome data from the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme database for trainees in the 10 surgical specialty training specialties.
Operative logbook numbers and awarded ARCP outcomes were compared between predefined dates. Effect sizes are reported as incident rate ratios (IRR) with 95 per cent confidence intervals.

Results
Some 5599 surgical trainees in 2019, and 5310 in surgical specialty training in 2020 were included. The IRR was reduced across all specialties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (0.62; 95 per cent c.i. 0.60 to 0.64). Elective surgery (0.53; 95 per cent c.i. 0.50 to 0.56) was affected more than emergency surgery (0.85; 95 per cent c.i. 0.84 to 0.87). Regional variation indicating reduced operative activity was demonstrated across all specialties. More than 1 in 8 trainees in the final year of training have had their training extended and more than a quarter of trainees entering their final year of training are behind their expected training trajectory.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on surgical training in the UK. Urgent, coordinated action is required to minimize the impacts from the reduction in training in 2020.
Pharmacological SARM1 inhibition protects axon structure and function in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Bosanac Todd , Hughes Robert O , Engber Thomas , Devraj Rajesh , Brearley Andrew , Danker Kerstin , Young Kenneth , Kopatz Jens , Hermann Melanie , Berthemy Antoine , Boyce Susan , Bentley Jonathan , Krauss Raul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Axonal degeneration is an early and ongoing event that causes disability and disease progression in many neurodegenerative disorders of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major cause of morbidity and the main cause of dose reductions and discontinuations in cancer treatment. Preclinical evidence indicates that activation of the Wallerian-like degeneration pathway driven by sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is responsible for axonopathy in CIPN. SARM1 is the central driver of an evolutionarily conserved programme of axonal degeneration downstream of chemical, inflammatory, mechanical or metabolic insults to the axon. SARM1 contains an intrinsic NADase enzymatic activity essential for its pro-degenerative functions, making it a compelling therapeutic target to treat neurodegeneration characterized by axonopathies of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Small molecule SARM1 inhibitors have the potential to prevent axonal degeneration in peripheral and central axonopathies and to provide a transformational disease-modifying treatment for these disorders.
Using a biochemical assay for SARM1 NADase we identified a novel series of potent and selective irreversible isothiazole inhibitors of SARM1 enzymatic activity that protected rodent and human axons in vitro. In sciatic nerve axotomy, we observed that these irreversible SARM1 inhibitors decreased a rise in nerve cADPR and plasma neurofilament light chain released from injured sciatic nerves in vivo. In a mouse paclitaxel model of CIPN we determined that Sarm1 knockout mice prevented loss of axonal function, assessed by sensory nerve action potential amplitudes of the tail nerve, in a gene-dosage-dependent manner. In that CIPN model, the irreversible SARM1 inhibitors prevented loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres induced by paclitaxel and provided partial protection of axonal function assessed by sensory nerve action potential amplitude and mechanical allodynia.
Nodal Memberships to Communities of Functional Brain Networks Reveal Functional Flexibility and Individualized Connectome
Authors: Zhu Hong , Jin Wen , Zhou Jie , Tong Shanbao , Xu Xiaoke , Sun Junfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Human brain network is organized as interconnected communities for supporting cognition and behavior. Despite studies on the nonoverlapping communities of brain network, overlapping community structure and its relationship to brain function remain largely unknown. With this consideration, we employed the Bayesian nonnegative matrix factorization to decompose the functional brain networks constructed from resting-state fMRI data into overlapping communities with interdigitated mapping to functional subnetworks. By examining the heterogeneous nodal membership to communities, we classified nodes into three classes: Most nodes in somatomotor and limbic subnetworks were affiliated with one dominant community and classified as unimodule nodes; most nodes in attention and frontoparietal subnetworks were affiliated with more than two communities and classified as multimodule nodes; and the remaining nodes affiliated with two communities were classified as bimodule nodes. This three-class paradigm was highly reproducible across sessions and subjects. Furthermore, the more likely a node was classified as multimodule node, the more flexible it will be engaged in multiple tasks. Finally, the FC feature vector associated with multimodule nodes could serve as connectome “fingerprinting” to gain high subject discriminability. Together, our findings offer new insights on the flexible spatial overlapping communities that related to task-based functional flexibility and individual connectome “fingerprinting.”
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of dementia: observational and genetic studies
Authors: Kjeldsen Emilie W , Thomassen Jesper Q , Juul Rasmussen Ida , Nordestgaard Børge G , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
The association of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with risk of dementia is unclear. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that high levels of plasma HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of dementia and whether a potential association is of a causal nature.

Methods and results
In two prospective population-based studies, the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (N = 111 984 individuals), we first tested whether high plasma HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of any dementia and its subtypes. These analyses in men and women separately were adjusted multifactorially for other risk factors including apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Second, taking advantage of two-sample Mendelian randomization, we tested whether genetically elevated HDL cholesterol was causally associated with Alzheimer’s disease using publicly available consortia data on 643 836 individuals. Observationally, multifactorially adjusted Cox regression restricted cubic spline models showed that both men and women with extreme high HDL cholesterol concentrations had increased risk of any dementia and of Alzheimer’s disease. Men in the 96th–99th and 100th vs. the 41st–60th percentiles of HDL cholesterol had multifactorially including APOE genotype adjusted hazard ratios of 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.30–2.11) and 2.00 (1.35–2.98) for any dementia and 1.59 (1.16–2.20) and 1.87 (1.11–3.16) for Alzheimer’s disease. Corresponding estimates for women were 0.94 (0.74–1.18) and 1.45 (1.03–2.05) for any dementia and 0.94 (0.70–1.26) and 1.69 (1.13–2.53) for Alzheimer’s disease. Genetically, the two-sample Mendelian randomization odds ratio for Alzheimer’s disease per 1 SD increase in HDL cholesterol was 0.92 (0.74–1.10) in the IGAP2019 consortium and 0.98 (0.95–1.00) in the ADSP/IGAP/PGC-ALZ/UKB consortium. Similar estimates were observed in sex stratified analyses.

Conclusion
High plasma HDL cholesterol was observationally associated with increased risk of any dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that HDL cholesterol can be used as an easily accessible plasma biomarker for individual risk assessment.
A randomized evaluation of the TriGuard™ HDH cerebral embolic protection device to Reduce the Impact of Cerebral Embolic LEsions after TransCatheter Aortic Valve ImplanTation: the REFLECT I trial
Authors: Lansky Alexandra J , Makkar Rajendra , Nazif Tamim , Messé Steven , Forrest John , Sharma Rahul , Schofer Joachim , Linke Axel , Brown David , Dhoble Abhijeet , Horwitz Phillip , Zang Ming , DeMarco Frederico , Rajagopal Vivek , Dwyer Michael G , Zivadinov Robert , Stella Pieter , Rovin Joshua , Parise Helen , Kodali Susheel , Baumbach Andreas , Moses Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
The REFLECT I trial investigated the safety and effectiveness of the TriGuard™ HDH (TG) cerebral embolic deflection device in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods and results
This prospective, multicentre, single-blind, 2:1 randomized (TG vs. no TG) study aimed to enrol up to 375 patients, including up to 90 roll-in patients. The primary combined safety endpoint (VARC-2 defined early safety) at 30 days was compared with a performance goal. The primary efficacy endpoint was a hierarchical composite of (i) all-cause mortality or any stroke at 30 days, (ii) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) worsening at 2–5 days or Montreal Cognitive Assessment worsening at 30 days, and (iii) total volume of cerebral ischaemic lesions detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 2–5 days. Cumulative scores were compared between treatment groups using the Finkelstein–Schoenfeld method. A total of 258 of the planned, 375 patients (68.8%) were enrolled (54 roll-in and 204 randomized). The primary safety outcome was met compared with the performance goal (21.8% vs. 35%, P &lt; 0.0001). The primary hierarchical efficacy endpoint was not met (mean efficacy score, higher is better: −5.3 ± 99.8 TG vs. 11.8 ± 96.4 control, P = 0.31). Covert central nervous system injury was numerically lower with TG both in-hospital (46.1% vs. 60.3%, P = 0.0698) and at 5 days (61.7 vs. 76.2%, P = 0.054) compared with controls.

Conclusion
REFLECT I demonstrated that TG cerebral protection during TAVR was safe in comparison with historical TAVR data but did not meet the predefined effectiveness endpoint compared with unprotected TAVR controls.
The germline mutational process in rhesus macaque and its implications for phylogenetic dating
Authors: Bergeron Lucie A , Besenbacher Søren , Bakker Jaco , Zheng Jiao , Li Panyi , Pacheco George , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S , Kamilari Maria , Gilbert M Thomas P , Schierup Mikkel H , Zhang Guojie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Understanding the rate and pattern of germline mutations is of fundamental importance for understanding evolutionary processes.

Results
Here we analyzed 19 parent-offspring trios of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at high sequencing coverage of ∼76× per individual and estimated a mean rate of 0.77 × 10−8 de novo mutations per site per generation (95% CI: 0.69 × 10−8 to 0.85 × 10−8). By phasing 50% of the mutations to parental origins, we found that the mutation rate is positively correlated with the paternal age. The paternal lineage contributed a mean of 81% of the de novo mutations, with a trend of an increasing male contribution for older fathers. Approximately 3.5% of de novo mutations were shared between siblings, with no parental bias, suggesting that they arose from early development (postzygotic) stages. Finally, the divergence times between closely related primates calculated on the basis of the yearly mutation rate of rhesus macaque generally reconcile with divergence estimated with molecular clock methods, except for the Cercopithecoidea/Hominoidea molecular divergence dated at 58 Mya using our new estimate of the yearly mutation rate.

Conclusions
When compared to the traditional molecular clock methods, new estimated rates from pedigree samples can provide insights into the evolution of well-studied groups such as primates.
Robust Bayesian estimator for S-wave spectra, using a combined empirical Green’s function
Authors: Törnman W , Martinsson J , Dineva S 
Published: May 2021

Summary
We propose a new fully automatic and robust Bayesian method to estimate precise and reliable model parameters describing the observed S-wave spectra. All the spectra associated with each event are modelled jointly, using a t-distribution as likelihood function together with informative prior distributions for increased robustness against outliers and extreme values. The model includes the observed noise and a combined empirical Green’s function. It captures source-, receiver-, and path-dependent terms in the description of the observed spectra by combining a physical source and attenuation model with a spatially and event-size dependent empirical compensation. The proposed method propagates estimation uncertainties along the entire processing chain starting from the hypocentre location and delivers reliable uncertainty description of the estimands. The objective is to automatically provide robust and valid descriptions of the observed S-wave spectra generated from an earthquake source in a noisy and heterogeneous environment. The efficiency of the method is tested with synthetic seismograms, and the model is calibrated and cross-validated using 31 640 mining induced seismic events in a iron ore mine (in north of Sweden) with an comprehensive seismic network. The model is evaluated using both posterior predictive checks and residual analysis and we found no evidence that indicates any model deficiencies with respect to central tendency, dispersion, and residual trends.
Development and proposed evaluation of an eHealth learning tool for undergraduate university students in Ireland
Authors: Darker Catherine D , Moore Emma , Flynn Ellen , O’Neill Mary , Doherty Lena , McMahon Jean , McLoughlin Orla , Rouine Eimear , Ivers Jo-Hanna , Allwright Shane , McGrath David , Seery Aidan , McAndrew Martin , Barrett Emer , Tanner Michelle , Bennett Annemarie E , Brennan Sabina , Mullin Martina , Barry Joe M 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Undergraduate university students are at a critical stage of development in terms of their academic, social, psychological and behavioural health. Patterns established during these formative years can last a lifetime. eHealth tools have the potential to be engaging, convenient and accessible to a wide range of students by providing health information and enhancing the uptake of positive health behaviours. The ‘Healthy Trinity Online Tool’ (H-TOT) was developed in collaboration with students and a transdisciplinary team with decades of experience between them in terms of research, clinical responsibility and service delivery. Developmental steps undertaken included: a literature review to formulate the topic content choices; a survey of students to check the relevance and suitability of topics identified; and, the tacit experience of the development team. This co-design model led to the development of content encompassing academic life, healthy eating, physical activity, mood, financial matters, alcohol, tobacco, drugs and relaxation. Qualitative focus groups were subsequently conducted for in-depth exploration of the usage and functionality of H-TOT. The theoretical underpinnings include the locus of control and social cognitive theory. Evidence-based behavioural change techniques are embedded throughout. During early pre-piloting of H-TOT, the team identified and solved content functionality problems. The tone of the content was also revised to ensure it was non-judgemental. To make the H-TOT as interactive as possible, video scenarios were included and all content was audio-recorded to allow playback for students with visual or learning difficulties. Evaluation plans for the pilot year of H-TOT are outlined.