bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary transition of doublesex regulation from sex-specific splicing to male-specific transcription in termites
Authors: Miyazaki Satoshi , Fujiwara Kokuto , Kai Keima , Masuoka Yudai , Gotoh Hiroki , Niimi Teruyuki , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Shigenobu Shuji , Maekawa Kiyoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sex determination gene doublesex (dsx) encodes a transcription factor with two domains, oligomerization domain 1 (OD1) and OD2, and is present throughout insects. Sex-specific Dsx splicing isoforms regulate the transcription of target genes and trigger sex differentiation in all Holometabola examined to date. However, in some hemimetabolous insects, dsx is not spliced sexually and its sequence is less conserved. Here, to elucidate evolutionary changes in dsx in domain organisation and regulation in termites, we searched genome and/or transcriptome databases for the dsx OD1 and OD2 in seven termite species and their sister group (Cryptocercus woodroaches). Molecular phylogenetic and synteny analyses identified OD1 sequences of termites and C. punctulatus that clustered with dsx of Holometabola and regarded them as dsx orthologues. The Cryptocercus dsx orthologue containing OD2 was spliced sexually, as previously shown in other insects. However, OD2 was not found in all termite dsx orthologues. These orthologues were encoded by a single exon in three termites for which genome information is available; they were not alternatively spliced but transcribed in a male-specific manner in two examined species. Evolution of dsx regulation from sex-specific splicing to male-specific transcription may have occurred at an early stage of social evolution in termites.
The formation of impact coesite
Authors: Campanale F. , Mugnaioli E. , Gemmi M. , Folco L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoesite in impact rocks is traditionally considered a retrograde product formed during pressure release by the crystallisation of an amorphous phase (either silica melt or diaplectic glass). Recently, the detailed microscopic and crystallographic study of impact ejecta from Kamil crater and the Australasian tektite strewn field pointed in turn to a different coesite formation pathway, through subsolidus quartz-to-coesite transformation. We report here further evidence documenting the formation of coesite directly from quartz. In Kamil ejecta we found sub-micrometric single-coesite-crystals that represent the first crystallization seeds of coesite. Coesite in Australasian samples show instead well-developed subeuhedral crystals, growing at the expenses of hosting quartz and postdating PDF deformation.
Coesite (010) plane is most often parallel to quartz {10–11} plane family, supporting the formation of coesite through a topotactic transformation. Such reaction is facilitated by the presence of pre-existing and shock-induced discontinuities in the target. Shock wave reverberations can provide pressure and time conditions for coesite nucleation and growth. Because discontinuities occur in both porous and non-porous rocks and the coesite formation mechanism appears similar for small and large impacts, we infer that the proposed subsolidus transformation model is valid for all types of quartz-bearing target rocks.
Structural characterization and magnetic response of poly(p-xylylene)–MnSb and MnSb films deposited at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Oveshnikov L. N. , Zav’yalov S. A. , Trunkin I. N. , Streltsov D. R. , Chumakov N. K. , Dmitryakov P. V. , Prutskov G. V. , Kondratev O. A. , Nesmelov A. A. , Chvalun S. N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we employed several experimental techniques to investigate structure and magnetic properties of poly(p-xylylene)–MnSb composites synthesized by low-temperature vapor deposition polymerization technique and MnSb films deposited at various temperatures. The presence of MnSb nanocrystallites in the studied films was verified by the results of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies. The obtained data revealed the formation of Sb-rich sublayer with well-oriented Sb grains near the susbtrate, which seems to act as a buffer for the consequent poly(p-xylylene)–MnSb or MnSb layer growth. Increasing the polymer content results in qualitative change of surface morphology of studied films. At high polymer content the hybrid nanocomposite with MnSb nanoparticles embedded into poly(p-xylylene) matrix is formed. All investigated samples demonstrated detectable ferromagnetic response at room temperature, while the parameters of this response revealed a complex correlation with nominal composition, presented crystal phases and surface morphology of studied films. Estimated values of the Curie temperature of the samples are close to that of bulk MnSb.
An inter-day assessment of the ABC parameters in the evaluation of progressive keratoconus
Authors: Gustafsson Ingemar , Faxén Tove , Vicente André , Bergström Anders , Ivarsen Anders , Hjortdal Jesper Østergaard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe progression of keratoconus is commonly determined by comparing the results of corneal tomographic measurements on different occasions. However, investigations on the repeatability of measurements are commonly performed within the same day, thus not taking the inter-day variation into account. The effect of keratoconus disease severity on the measurement error is also seldom considered. In this post hoc investigation, the parameters A, B and C in the Belin ABCD Progression Display were evaluated in relation to disease severity in intra-day and inter-day measurements. Four consecutive measurements were performed on 61 patients with keratoconus on the same day (intra-day). In another cohort, four consecutive measurements were obtained and then repeated 3 days later in 25 patients with keratoconus and 25 healthy controls (inter-day). The results suggest that the diagnosis of disease progression would benefit from inter-day measurements, and the stratification of the parameters A and C according to disease severity. It is also recommended that tomographic systems such as the Pentacam HR be modified to allow the comparison of both single measurements and the mean of replicate measurements of the parameters used in the assessment of progression of keratoconus.
SOC estimation for lithium‐ion batteries based on a novel model
Authors: Li Jiabo , Ye Min , Gao Kangping , Xu Xinxin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electric vehicles because of their high energy density and less pollution. As an important parameter of the battery management system, accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery can ensure the energy distribution and safe use of the battery. This paper obtains better estimation accuracy from four aspects. First, the battery model is established via Thevenin equivalent circuit model, and the parameters are identified by the forgetting factor recursive least squares. Second, the influence of dual extended Kalman filter on SOC estimation is analysed, a novel algorithm‐based improved dual Kalman filter is proposed. Besides, to reduce the influence of the system noise on the estimation results, an adaptive intelligent algorithm is applied to promote the accuracy of SOC estimation. Finally, compared with the estimated SOC results of the traditional algorithm, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Reliability‐based hull geometry optimisation of a point‐absorber wave energy converter with power take‐off structural reliability objectives
Authors: Garcia‐Teruel Anna , Clark Caitlyn E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent studies have focused on optimising wave energy converter (WEC) designs, maximising their power performance and techno‐economic feasibility. Reliability has yet to be fully considered in these formulations, despite its impact on cost and performance. In this study, this gap is addressed by developing a reliability‐based design optimisation framework for WEC hull geometries to explore the trade‐off between power performance and power take‐off (PTO) system damage equivalent loading (DEL). Optimised hull geometries for two sites are considered (from the centre of the North Sea and off the west coast of Norway), and two directions of motions (heave and surge). Results indicate that site characteristics affect the potential power production and DEL for an optimal WEC design. These are also affected by the direction of motion for power extraction, which also significantly changes optimal hull shape characteristics. Optimal surging WEC designs have edges facing oncoming wave directions, while heaving WECs have pointed bottoms, both to streamline movement. Larger, more convex WECs result in greater power production and DEL, while smaller, more concave WECs result in lesser power production and DEL. These findings underline the importance of considering WEC hull geometry in early design processes to optimise cost, power production, and reliability.
Detection of interstellar H2CCCHC3N
Authors: Shingledecker C. N. , Lee K. L. K. , Wandishin J. T. , Balucani N. , Burkhardt A. M. , Charnley S. B. , Loomis R. , Schreffler M. , Siebert M. , McCarthy M. C. , McGuire B. A. 
Published: August 2021

Context. The chemical pathways linking the small organic molecules commonly observed in molecular clouds to the large, complex, polycyclic species long suspected of being carriers of the ubiquitous unidentified infrared emission bands remain unclear.
Aims. To investigate whether the formation of mono- and polycyclic molecules observed in cold cores could form via the bottom-up reaction of ubiquitous carbon-chain species with, for example, atomic hydrogen, a search is made for possible intermediates in data taken as part of the GOTHAM (GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules) project.
Methods. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) source models were run to obtain column densities and excitation temperatures. Astrochemical models were run to examine possible formation routes, including (a) a novel grain-surface pathway involving the hydrogenation of C6N and HC6N, (b) purely gas-phase reactions between C3N and both propyne (CH3CCH) and allene (CH2CCH2), and (c) via the reaction CN + H2CCCHCCH.
Results. We report the first detection of cyanoacetyleneallene (H2CCCHC3N) in space toward the TMC-1 cold cloud using the Robert C. Byrd 100 m Green Bank Telescope. Cyanoacetyleneallene may represent an intermediate between less-saturated carbon chains, such as the cyanopolyynes, that are characteristic of cold cores and the more recently discovered cyclic species, such as cyanocyclopentadiene. Results from our models show that the gas-phase allene-based formation route in particular produces abundances of H2CCCHC3N that match the column density of 2 × 1011 cm−2 obtained from the MCMC source model, and that the grain-surface route yields large abundances on ices that could potentially be important as precursors for cyclic molecules.
Interventionelle LV-Modulation in der Herzinsuffizienztherapie
Authors: Scheiber Daniel , Westenfeld Ralf 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz großer Fortschritte in der Akutversorgung des Myokardinfarkts entwickelt ein relevanter Teil der Patienten eine chronische Herzinsuffizienz. Der durch den Infarkt verursachte myokardiale Schaden kann pathologische Umbauprozesse im Herzen wie linksventrikuläre Dilatation, Veränderung der ventrikulären Geometrie und die Ausbildung von Narbengewebe initiieren, die in einer progredienten Herzinsuffizienzsymptomatik und -letalität resultieren können. Verschiedene chirurgische und interventionelle Therapieverfahren zur Modulation der pathologischen Umbauprozesse im Herzmuskel wurden entwickelt. Sie erwiesen sich als sicher und effektiv in der Reduktion linksventrikulärer Volumina, einer Steigerung der linksventrikulären Ejektionsfraktion sowie im Hinblick auf klinische Parameter. Randomisierte prospektive Studien, die einen Überlebensvorteil durch interventionelle oder chirurgische linksventrikuläre Modulation nachweisen, liegen zurzeit nicht vor.
Medical Devices Made of Substances: Possible Innovation and Opportunities for Complex Natural Products
Authors: Bilia Anna Rita , Corazziari Enrico Stefano , Govoni Stefano , Mugelli Alessandro , Racchi Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe novel Regulation 2017/745/EC on medical devices introduces and strengthens the role of “medical devices made of substances”, which mostly include substances of natural origin. Natural products may follow different regulations, from food to therapeutics. Concerning their isolated constituents, extracts are characterized by a complexity that is not easily tackled from both a scientific and a regulatory point of view, but more importantly, from a therapeutic point of view. The evidence-based approach applied to isolated molecules requires appropriate evidence of quality, efficacy, and safety. The same needs must be reached for complex substances by finding appropriate methods to generate this evidence, and in addition, defining an appropriate regulatory field for them. From a scientific point of view, new methods, such as those proposed by systems biology, are available and applicable to complex substances. From a regulatory point of view, Directive 2001/83/EC on
medicinal products seems to be modeled on single (or combinations of single) molecule products. On the other hand, Regulation 2017/745/EC on medical devices seems to apply to complex substances without derogating on quality, efficacy, and safety. The regulation specifically names and strengthens medical devices that include substances, mostly of natural origin, introducing the official term “medical devices made of substances”. This paper discusses and proposes an interpretation of important terms connected to this legislation, regarding both scientific and regulatory issues, and the opportunities the regulation may give for innovation and therapeutic improvement with natural complex substances.
Herzinsuffizienz-Netzwerke – Struktur, Organisation, Ziele
Authors: Dahm Johannes B. , Perings Stefan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Inzidenz der Herzinsuffizienz, als häufigste zur Krankenhausaufnahme führende Gesundheitsstörung, bedarf in einer demografisch alternden Gesellschaft eines optimierten und ressourcensparenden Diagnostik- und Therapieplans in hierfür spezialisierten sektorenübergreifenden Herzinsuffizienz-Netzwerken (HF-NET), wo nicht nur die häufigen Komorbiditäten und Komplikationen, sondern auch die zunehmende Anzahl zur Verfügung stehender medikamentöser und interventioneller Therapiemöglichkeiten einen interdisziplinären und intersektoralen Versorgungsansatz bei limitierten Ressourcen ermöglicht. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund, dass der Verlauf der Herzinsuffizienz durch rezidivierende Dekompensation (meist Volumenretention etc.) charakterisiert ist, ermöglichen die im HF-NET optimierten Versorgungs- und Kommunikationsstrukturen der bei Herzinsuffizienz betroffenen Leistungserbringer, drohende Dekompensationen frühzeitiger und prognostisch relevant zu erkennen und zu
behandeln.
Hirsutella citriformis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brady B. L. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hirsutella citriformis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
H. citriformis
has been recorded mainly from
Hemiptera
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Solomon Islands. DISEASE:
Hirsutella citriformis
parasitises the brown plant hopper of rice,
Nilaparvata lugens
. As
N. lugens
causes serious outbreaks in the Solomon Islands and elsewhere, and is the vector of the grassy stunt virus of rice,
H. citriformis
has been considered for its control. Strains are listed as available at the Institute fur Biologische Schfidlingsbekfimpfung, Heinrichstrasse 243, 61 Darmstadt, German Federal Republic (Bulletin SROP 1973/3).
Hirsutella thompsonii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brady B. L. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hirsutella thompsonii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Eriophid mites (
Arachnida
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. DISEASE: McCoy & Kanavel (1969) demonstrated penetration of the integument of living adult rust mites by spores produced in the laboratory. Fisher found internal hyphal bodies in living and in dead rust mites bearing sporing mycelium, the latter attaching the bodies to the leaf bearing the dead mite.
Culicinomyces clavisporus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Onions A. H. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Culicinomyces clavisporus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Anopheles quadrimaculatus
, the common malarial mosquito;
A. amictus
; and also attacks chironomids and other mosquitoes. DISEASE: Reported as attacking mosquito larvae (Sweeney
et al.
, 1973; Couch, 1974). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from North Carolina, USA (Couch, 1974) and Sydney, Australia (Sweeney, 1973).
Nomuraea rileyi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Onions A. H. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nomuraea rileyi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Larvae and pupae of
Lepidoptera
and
Coleoptera
. DISEASE: Attacks larvae in particular, which are killed and become covered in dusty green growth. It has been recorded as producing natural and induced epizootics in soyabean caterpillars (Ignoff
et al., Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
27: 191-198, 1976); on
Heliothis zea
[Helicoverpa zea]
larvae (
Review of Applied Entomology
Ser. A 66, 3679 (USA); 66, 1556 (Australia)); attacking larvae of
Bombyx mori (Review of Applied Entomology
Ser. A 55, 4467; 56, 2843 (Japan)); 66, 2631 records its occurrence on
Utetheisa ornatrixbella
, used to control a weed,
Crotalaria sp
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.
Sclerotinia laxa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Sclerotinia laxa
[Monilinia laxa]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On almond, apple, apricot, cherry,
Corylus avellana, Fragaria
, loquat, medlar, nectarine, peach, pear, plum,
Prunus
spp.,
Pyrus
spp., quince, rhododendron, grapevine. DISEASE: Brown fruit rot particularly of plum, cherry, peach, nectarine, apricot and quince, less commonly of apple and pear; black apples. Blossom wilt, wither tip, spur blight, twig blight, canker, leaf infection. Considered to be a pathogen of blossom and twigs more than fruit. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, S. Africa; Afghanistan, China, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Turkey, USSR (Central Asia); Australia, New Zealand; widespread in Europe; Canada, USA, Guatemala, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay. CMI Map 44, ed. 4, 1976. TRANSMISSION: Mummified fruits overwinter either on trees or on the ground beneath and at the start of the growing season give rise to sporodochia and, less frequently, apothecia. Conidia also form on other infected organs such as twig cankers and blighted spurs. Conidia and ascospores are capable of initiating infection and are disseminated by air currents and water splash (45, 3581; 48, 3565; 51, 4119; 54, 190). There is a limited amount of spread by vegetative mycelium (42, 207).
Plasmodiophora brassicae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Buczacki S. T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Plasmodiophora brassicae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cruciferae
: especially important on cultivated species of
Brassica
but probably causing symptoms on all wild species also (Cunningham, 1912; 13, 2; 16, 222; 53, 1116). In some plants, most notably water-cress (
Nasturtium officinale
), shoot, not root malformation, seems the norm (49, 330h). Primary (root hair and/or epidermal) phases occur also on many non-cruciferous hosts including some members of the
Gramineae, Rosaceae
and
Papaveraceae
(28, 431; 33, 587) but their significance in the ecology of the disease is unknown. DISEASE: Clubroot; known by many other names, most commonly finger and toe; knolvoet; hernie du chou; kohlhernie; klomprot; kapoustnaja kila. The root malformation produced is most commonly confused with the symptoms of insect damage, especially that of the turnip gall weevil (
Ceutorhyncus pleurostigma
) and on swedes and turnips, with the hard swellings of unknown origin, termed hybridization nodules. The disease rarely kills plants but induces them to wilt when under slight water stress, stunting and, especially with large, heavy plants, physical instability. It may render root crops unacceptable to stock as fodder. In practical terms, the considerable longevity of the pathogen in the soil, 18 or more years (55, 519d), means that the major effect is often one of restricting the flexibility of crop rotations, as contaminated land cannot be used for cruciferous crops for fear of increasing the inoculum to grossly damaging levels. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: (CMI Map 101, ed. 2, 1957). Widespread, especially in temperate regions but probably occurring wherever crucifers are cultivated. The only major crucifer growing area in which clubroot seems rare is mainland China. Additional published reports since 1957 include those for Venezuela, Colombia, W. Siberia, Hawaii, Malaysia and Iraq, but there is unpublished information for several other countries. TRANSMISSION: As cysts in soil; either wind-blown, water carried or transported on footwear, machinery, planting stock (including non-crucifers) or animals. Also in infected plants, especially before symptom expression has occurred. Transmission by infested soil adhering externally to seed is possible (23, 52) but probably very uncommon.
Nectria fuckeliana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nectria fuckeliana
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Abies, Larix, Picea
and other
Pinaceae
. DISEASE: Wound parasite and dieback of
Pinaceae
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, UK); North America.
Pseudocercospora abelmoschi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Waller J. M. , Sutton B. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora abelmoschi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On leaves of
Hibiscus
spp. DISEASE: Causes leaf mould of
Hibiscus esculentus
[Abelmoschus esculentus]
(okra) and other
Hibiscus
species. No definite lesions are produced but the sooty brown conidiophores occur in dense patches on the lower surface of the leaves. Leaf rolling, wilting and defoliation may occur. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia, East and West Africa, West Indies and USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores. Can survive on crop debris up to 10 weeks (54, 4672).