bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Correcting Biases in Localized Downscaling Estimates of Daily Precipitation Return Values
Authors: Risser Mark , Feldman Daniel , Wehner Michael , Pierce David , Arnold Jeff 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Extreme precipitation events are a major cause of economic damage and disruption, and need to be addressed for increasing resilience to a changing climate, particularly at the local scale. Practitioners typically want to understand local changes at spatial scales much smaller than the native resolution of most Global Climate Models, for which down scaling techniques are used to translate planetary-to-regional scale change information to local scales. However, users of statistically downscaled outputs should be aware that how the observational data used to train the statistical models is constructed determines key properties of the downscaled solutions. Specifically for one such downscaling approach, when considering seasonal return values of extreme daily precipitation, we find that the Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) method produces a significant low bias in return values due to choices made in building the observational data set used to train LOCA. The LOCA low biases in daily extremes are consistent across event extremity, but do not degrade the over all performance of LOCA-derived changes in extreme daily precipitation. We show that the low bias in daily extremes is a function of a time-of-day adjustment applied to the training data and the manner of gridding daily precipitation data. The effects of these choices are likely to affect other downscaling methods trained with observations made in the same way. The results developed here show that efforts to improve resilience at the local level using extreme precipitation projections can benefit from using products specifically created to properly capture the statistics of extreme daily precipitation events.
Short-Term Impact of Ambient Temperature on the Incidence of Influenza in Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Yanbing , Wu Jingtao , Hao Jiayuan , Dou Qiujun , Xiang Hao , Liu Suyang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Few studies have estimated the nonlinear association of ambient temperature with the risk of influenza. We therefore applied a time-series analysis to explore the short-term effect of ambient temperature on the incidence of influenza in Wuhan, China. Daily influenza cases were collected from Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC) from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2017. The meteorological and daily pollutant data was obtained from the Hubei Meteorological Service Center and National Air Quality Monitoring Stations, respectively. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) coupled with the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to explore the exposure-lag-response relationship between the short-term risk of influenza and daily average ambient temperature. Analyses were also performed to assess the extreme cold and hot temperature effects. We observed that the ambient temperature was statistically significant, and the exposure-response curve is approximately S-shaped, with a peak observed at 23.57℃. The single-day lag curve showed that extreme hot and cold temperatures were both significantly associated with influenza. The extreme hot temperature has an acute effect on influenza, with the most significant effect observed at lag 0-1. The extreme cold temperature has a relatively smaller effect but lasts longer, with the effect exerted continuously during a lag of 2-4 days. Our study found significant nonlinear and delayed associations between ambient temperature and the incidence of influenza. Our finding contributes to the establishment of an early warning system for airborne infectious diseases.
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown And Unlock On Health of Tropical Large River With Associated Human Health Risk
Authors: Chakraborty Baisakhi , Bera Biswajit , Adhikary Partha Pratim , Bhattacharjee Sumana , Roy Sambhunath , Saha Soumik , Sengupta Debashish , Shit Pravat K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
From the last month of 2020, sudden outbreak of novel corona virus caused socio-economic lockdown in many countries. Many studies proved that temporary shutdown of economic sectors helped to recover river water quality. Perhaps, for the first time, this present study is conducted in an industrially and agriculturally influenced catchment of river Damodar, India. This research was fixed some relevant objectives like (i) to evaluate the changes of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and Fe) and microbial contamination (TVC, TC and FC) of river water (ii) to identify the magnitude of human health hazard during lockdown compared to pre lockdown and unlock phase. Total 33 water samples were collected in three periods. During lockdown, TVC, TC and FC showed the gradual decreasing trend in this stretch. All samples exceed the concentration of microbes compared to recommended standard in three periods. Among all heavy metals, Zinc, iron, chromium found their abandoned presence in the river water. Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) showed 100% sample water of highly polluted (HPI > 150) type for drinking and other purpose. During lockdown, HPI showed around 54.54% sample changed to lower pollution and 45.45% changed to medium pollution level. During unlock phase, 45.45% samples again changed to high pollution. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated strong relation among heavy metals with fecal coliform in this river. This suggests high possibilities of common source of contamination (wastes of iron and steel plant, chemical plant, cement factories, agricultural runoff, municipal sewages etc) in river bed. No carcinogenic Hazard Index (HI) values of ingestion by children indicated higher potentiality to health risk (HI > 1) in all samples of three periods and during lockdown, 36.36% samples showed no possible health risk for adults (HI < 1). HI of dermal contact showed no possible health risk for children and adults in three periods. This assessment strongly recommended scientific and cheep management techniques to control water pollution and related health hazard in the study area.
Individual Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Hospital Admissions for COPD in 110 Hospitals: A Case-Crossover Study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Jin Jie-Qi , Han Dong , Tian Qi , Chen Zhao-Yue , Ye Yun-Shao , Lin Qiao-Xuan , Ou Chun-Quan , Li Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the short-term association between hospital admissions and individual exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5). Particularly, no studies focused on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at individual level. We assessed the short-term effects of PM2.5 on hospitalization admissions for COPD in Guangzhou, China, during 2014–2015, based on satellite-derived estimates of ambient PM2.5 concentrations at 1-km resolution near the residential address as individual-level exposure for each patient. 40,002 patients with COPD admitted to 110 hospitals were included in this study. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was applied to assess the effects of PM2.5 based on 1-km grid data of aerosol optical depth provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration on hospital admissions for COPD. Further, we performed stratified analyses by individual demographic characteristics and season of hospital admission. 10 µg/m3 increase in individual-level PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6%, 2.7%) in hospitalization for COPD at lag of 0–5 days. The impact of PM2.5 on hospitalization for COPD was greater significantly in male and patients admitted in summer and accordingly the impacts may be exacerbated in the context of global warming. Our study strengthened the evidence for the adverse effect of PM2.5 based on satellite-based individual-level exposure data.
Molecular Docking Studies on the Anti-viral Activity of Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) Against SARS-CoV-2 by Protease Mpro
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Sharma Shaweta , Guglani Pulkit , Alam Aftab , Gupta Utsav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Even after a year, the COVID-19 pandemic produced by the SARS-CoV-2 remains a major source of concerns for scientists. Surprisingly, the primary protease is a key target because of its role in viral propagation. As a result, no significant study in the field of adjuvant has been done too far. CAP stands for “Cellulose Acetate Phthalate”, an industrial polymer utilized in the enteric coating of tablets and capsules. CAP has been shown in certain trials to have anti-HIV properties by using the co-receptor location. Thus, CAP was tested against SAR-primary CoV-2's protease Mpro using in silico methods in the present study. Auto Dock was used to evaluate selected CAP molecules against SAR-CoV-2, and Discovery studio visualizer was used to create 3D and 2D interaction photos. CAP's binding energies were -3.05kcal/mol, -3.78kcal/mol, and -3.01kcal/mol during blind docking, site specific docking, and docking with a N3 inhibitor, respectively. Additionally, the discovery studio visualizer was utilized to look at interacting amino acids and 3D structures. Interestingly, the data from the discovery studio visualizer showed that it established H-bonds with Mpro residues, TYR37, TYR101, and LYS100 during blind docking and LYS88, TYR101, and LYS100 during site specific docking. The findings indicated that CAP binds non-competitively to co-receptor sites and that it may have synergistic effects with other medicines or medications. As a result, it's a good candidate for further testing in the lab and in the clinic.
Transcriptome-Based Identification and Expression Profiling of AP2/ERF Members in Caragana Intermedia and Functional Analysis of CiDREB3
Authors: Liu Kun , Yang Qi , Yang Tianrui , Yang Feiyun , Wang Ruigang , Cong Jingyu , Li Guojing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Caragana. intermedia Kuang et H.C.Fu., a xerophytic deciduous shrub that widely distributed in arid and semi-arid desert areas of North-west China, is highly tolerant to cold, drought, salt-alkali and barren. In this study, the transcriptome C. intermedia under drought treatment was screened for the genes encoding the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors. As a result, 22 sequences with complete open reading frames (ORFs) were obtained. All sequences were divided into 13 groups, including the DREB A1 to A6, ERF B1 to B6, and RAV groups. The results of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) analysis, domain distribution analysis, conservative motif analysis and tertiary structure prediction showed that all the AP2/ERF transcription factors contained the AP2 domain. The AP2 domain contained the YRG and RAYD elements. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to analyze the expression patterns of the 22 AP2/ERF transcription factors in C. intermedia. Most of the transcription factors exhibited tissue-specific expression. The expression of most transcription factors was induced to varying degrees by cold, heat, salt and mannitol stress. Furthermore, Heterologous expression of CiDREB3 in transgenic Arabidopsis L. Heynh decreased root length and fresh weight, decreased rosette leaf diameter and number of leaf, and improved drought tolerance during seedlings development. Taken together, the results of the present study help to better understand the functions of the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses and deeply insight the roles of CiDREB3 in Arabidopsis morphology and conferring abiotic stress tolerance.
Anti-Caspr-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Emergence as a Novel Approach in the Treatment of EAE Animal Model
Authors: Taghizadeh Shirin , Motallebnezhad Morteza , Aghaie Tayebe , Azimi Maryam , Aghamajidi Azin , Salari Ali-Akbar , Bozorgmehr Mahmood , Assarehzadegan Mohammad-Ali , Jazeyeri Mir-Hadi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of central nervous system which is increasing worldwide. Although immunosuppressive agents are used for the treatment of MS disease, nevertheless the lack of non-toxic and efficient therapeutic method is perceptible. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effect of Contactin-associated protein (Caspr) antibody-, poly ethylene glycol (PEG)- and exosome combined gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in comparison to Glatiramer acetate as a selective treatment of MS disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice and 25-day treatment with anti-Caspr-, PEG- and exosome combined GNPs was evaluated. Histopathological examination of spinal cord, regulatory T cells as well as inflammatory pathway including IFN-ɣ and IL-17 and mir-326 were investigated. The results showed the severity of MS symptoms was significantly decreased in all treated groups. Histological examination of the spinal cord indicated the reduced demyelination and immune cell infiltration. Besides, regulatory T cells were significantly increased following all treatments. Remarkably, the cytokine levels of IFN-ɣ and IL-17 as well as mir-326 is altered in treated groups. Taken together, the obtained findings demonstrate that the administration of anti-Caspr-, PEG- and exosome combined GNPs can be considered a potential treatment in MS disease.
Characteristic of a GH10 Xylanase From The Anaerobic Rumen Fungus Anaeromyces Robustus and Application in Bread Making
Authors: Liu Zhenyang , Wen Sitao , Wu Guogan , Wu Huawei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The rumen of ruminants contains a variety of fungi capable of producing xylanases to break down plant cell walls. In this study, a new GH10 xylanase gene ArXyn10c20 from anaerobic rumen microorganism Anaeromyces robustus was successfully expressed in Pichia Pastoris GS115, with a protein molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa and showed the similarity by 64.08% with the β-Xylanase form Neocallimastix Californiae. The optimal pH and temperature for ArXyn10c20 was 5.5 at 40℃. ArXyn10c20 was stable in the pH range 5.0 – 9.0 for 1h which the residual enzyme activity was all above 75%. The activity of recombinant xylanase was significantly enhanced by 1 mM Cu 2+ . The products of ArXyn10c20 hydrolysis of beechwood xylan were xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose by TLC analysis. In food applications, ArXyn10c20 can significantly improve the quality of dough and bread. With the addition of 7.5 mg ArXyn10c20, the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the bread decreased by 42.24%, 45.33% and 55.36% respectively and the reducing sugar increased by 18.67%. The new discovered xylanase ArXyn10c20 has great potential in food industry.
High Gain Cavity Backed SIW Array Antenna for Microwave Communications
Authors: kishore ravi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A high gain 4-element Cavity Backed Substrate Integrated Waveguide (CBSIW) based antenna is proposed in this paper. The combination of low loss SIW cavities with quarter wave transformer based transmission line power divider can enhance the gain and power efficiency of the CBSIW antenna. A bow-tie shaped slot is located on rectangular shaped SIW cavity with optimum dimensions to form each element. The feed network is constructed with two quarter wave T-junction power dividers connected back-to-back to accomplish the impedance matching and optimum power distribution to the elements. The proposed CBSIW antenna exhibits a high gain of 21.9dBi with 82% of efficiency on low cost FR4 epoxy substrate. The measured results agree with simulated results obtained from commercial HFSS full-wave electromagnetic solver.
Sulfated host glycan recognition by carbohydrate sulfatases of the human gut microbiota
Authors: Luis Ana , Baslé Arnaud , Byrne Dominic , Wright Gareth , London James , Chunsheng Jin , Karlsson Niclas , Hansson Gunnar , Eyers Patrick , Czjzek Mirjam , Barbeyron Tristan , Yates Edwin , Martens Eric , Cartmell Alan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The vast microbial community that resides in the human colon, termed the human gut microbiota, performs important roles in maintaining host health. Sulfated host glycans comprise both a major nutrient source and important colonisation factors for this community. Carbohydrate sulfatases remove sulfate groups from glycans and are essential in many bacteria for the utilisation of sulfated host glycans. Additionally, carbohydrate sulfatases are also implicated in numerous host diseases, but remain some of the most understudied carbohydrate active enzymes to date, especially at the structural and molecular level. In this work, we analyse 7 carbohydrate sulfatases, spanning 4 subfamilies, from the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a major utiliser of sulfated host glycans, correlating structural and functional data with phylogenetic and environmental analyses. Together, these data begin to fill the knowledge gaps in how carbohydrate sulfatases orchestrate sulfated glycan metabolism within their environment.
Single cell analysis of endometriosis reveals a coordinated transcriptional program driving immunotolerance and angiogenesis across eutopic and ectopic tissues.
Authors: Courtois Elise , Tan Yuliana , Flynn William , Sivajothi Santosh , Luo Diane , Bozal Suleyman , Luciano Anthony , Robson Paul , Luciano Danielle 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by growth of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus affecting many women in their reproductive age, causing years of pelvic pain and potential infertility. Its pathophysiology remains largely unknown, limiting diagnosis and treatment. We characterized peritoneal and ovarian lesions at single-cell transcriptome resolution and compared to matched eutopic endometrium, control endometrium, and organoids derived from these tissues, generating data on over 100,000 cells across 12 individuals. We spatially localized many of the cell types using imaging mass cytometry. We identify a perivascular mural cell unique to the peritoneal lesions with dual roles in angiogenesis promotion and immune cell trafficking. We define an immunotolerant peritoneal niche, fundamental differences in eutopic endometrium and between lesions microenvironments, and a novel progenitor-like epithelial cell subpopulation. Altogether, this study provides a holistic view of the endometriosis microenvironment representing the first comprehensive cell atlas of the disease, essential information for advancing therapeutics and diagnostics.
Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Photoreceptor-like Cells under the Influence of a Temporary Increase in miRNA-182, -183 Expression
Authors: Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza , Fattahi Najmeh , Arab Samaneh , asgharzade samira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is found that the death of retinal photoreceptors is the main cause of retinal degeneration, while there is not an effective treatment protocol. Data of preclinical and clinical trials indicates that the stem cell therapy is a useful way of treating retinal degeneration problems. On the other hand, previous works found that miRNA-182, -183 significantly affected the photoreceptor maturation and maintenance in animal models. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a temporary increase in miRNA-182, -183 expression on the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) into photoreceptor-like cells. To this end, miRNA-182, -183 was transfected into hBMSCs; then, qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of miRNA-182, -183 and some retina-specific genes such as OTX2, NRL, PKCα, and recoverin. CRX and rhodopsin (RHO) levels were also measured through qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry We indicated that the transfection of hBMSCs with miRNA-182, -183 using the Lipofectamine induce differentiation and progenitor’s genes expression consisted of CRX, OTX2, PKC, Recoverin, NRL and RHO. Moreover, the upregulation expression of transcription factors, CRX and RHO, indicated that miRNA-182, -183 could serve as crucial functions in the differentiation of hBMSCs into photoreceptor-like cells. The findings may provide a new strategy to improve the usage of hBMSCs as a treatment for the retinal dysfunction.
Trigger of Apoptosis in Adenocarcinoma Gastric Cell Line (AGS) by a Complex of Thiosemicarbazone and Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Badrooh Mahsa , Shokrollahi Faezeh , Javan Shaghayegh , Ghasemipour Taraneh , Mojdehi Samira Rezaei , Noveiri Mahboubeh Jahani Sayyad , Hedayati Mohammad , Salehzadeh Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Seeking novel anticancer agents with minimal side effects against gastric cancer is vitally important. Copper, as an important trace element, takes roles in different physiologic pathways. Also, there is a higher demand for copper in cancer cells than normal ones. Copper complexes containing a therapeutic ligand could be promising candidates for gastric cancer chemotherapy. In this work, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized, functionalized with glutamic acid (CuO@Glu) and conjugated with thiosemicarbazone (Cuo@Glu/TSC NPs). The NPs were characterized and their antiproliferative potential against AGS cancer cells was investigated using MTT, flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, and caspase 3 activation assays. The FT-IR results showed the proper binding of TSC to CuO@Glu NPs and crystallinity of the prepared NPs was confirmed by the XRD pattern. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Cu, N, C, O, and S elements and lack of impurities. The Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of the Cuo@Glu/TSC NPs were 710 nm and 27.5 mv, respectively. The NPs had spherical shape and were in a size range of 20-39 nm in diameter. This work revealed that CuO@Glu/TSC NPs efficiently inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells with significantly lower IC50 value (203 µg/mL) than normal HEK293 cells (IC50=435µg/mL). Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining obviously revealed apoptosis induction among CuO@Glu/TSC treated cells, and caspase-3 activity significantly increased by 1.4 folds. This study introduced CuO@Glu/TSC as an efficient anticancer against gastric cancer cells with lower toxicity toward normal cells which could be employed for cancer treatment after further characterization.