bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scleral Buckling for Stage 4 Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chen , Yang Chung-May 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both vitrectomy and scleral buckling have been used to treat patients with stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The standard procedure of scleral buckling for treatment of stage 4 ROP is encircling scleral buckling. The effectiveness of segmental scleral buckling is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surgical results of patients with stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity treated with either encircling or segmental scleral buckling.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the anatomic outcomes of 23 eyes (18 infants) with stage 4 A or B ROP treated with scleral buckling. Segmental buckling was used to treat 15 eyes with detachment limited to the temporal side of the retina, while 9 eyes with detachment involving both the nasal and temporal sides were treated with encircling scleral buckling.
* RESULTS: Macular reattachment during a mean follow-up periord of 34 months (range: 2 weeks to 9 years) was accomplished in 11 (79%) of the 14 eyes treated with segmental scleral buckling and 4 (44%) of the 9 eyes that received encircling scleral buckling. There were no intraoperative complications recorded. None of the eyes that achieved macular reattachment developed recurrent macular detachment during the follow-up period.
* CONCLUSIONS: Scleral buckling appears to be effective for treatment of stage 4 ROP. In patients with temporal side retinal detachment only, segmental scleral buckling provides adequate treatment for stage 4 ROP.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:374-379]
Decompensation of Exodeviation After Corneal Refractive Surgery for Moderate to High Myopia
Authors: Snir Moshe , Kremer Israel , Weinberger Dov , Sherf Ilana , Axer-Siegel Ruth 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate strabismus and binocular decompensation of exodeviation and their surgical treatment following corneal refractive surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of a noncomparative case series was conducted. Seven patients whose strabismus worsened after photorefractive keratectomy or laser in-situ keratomiteusis for correction of myopia underwent orthoptic evaluation before and after refractive surgery, as well as after corrective strabismus surgery. The motor alignment and regaining of binocularity after strabismus surgery to correct the misalignment following refractive corneal surgery were evaluated and compared at three time points.
* RESULTS: After corneal refractive surgery, there was a deterioration in mean distance exodeviation from 7.1 ± 5.2 to 25.7 ± 10.1 prism diopters (PD) (P = .028) and in mean near exodeviation from 7.1 ± 5.1 to 29.7 ± 8.1 PD (P = .18), with loss of binocular function in 6 of the 7 patients. Following strabismus surgery, the mean distance exodeviation was reduced from 25.7 ± 10.1 to 2.0 ± 1.8 PD (P= .027) and the mean near exodeviation from 29.7 ±8.1 to 3.7 ± 1.5 PD (P = .028). Five of the six patients regained binocular function.
* CONCLUSIONS: All at-risk patients with exophoria and exotropia should undergo a thorough orthoptic evaluation before corneal refractive surgery. Patients with ocular motility and misalignment problems should be warned preoperatively of the risk of decompensation of their strabismus.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:363-370.]
The Effect of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide on Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Bakri Sophie J , Beer Paul M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether a single 4-mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. Forty-three consecutive eyes of 38 patients who had 12 weeks of follow-up were included. The IOPs before and after triamcinolone acetonide treatment were recorded by Goldmann applanation at each patient visit.
* RESULTS: Within 12 weeks after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection, 21 of 43 eyes (48.8%) demonstrated an increase in IOP of 5 mm Hg or greater, and 12 of 43 eyes (27.9%) had an increase in IOP of 10 mm Hg or greater. The mean time for an increase in IOP of 5 mm Hg or greater to occur was 4.1 weeks (standard deviation = 4.8 weeks), and the mean time to reach maximum IOP was 6.6 weeks (standard deviation = 5.1). The difference between the mean pre-injection IOP (15.12 mm Hg, n = 43) and the maximum post-injection IOP (20.74 mm Hg, n = 43) was statistically significant (P < .0001).
* CONCLUSION: A single 4-mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection is associated with an increase in IOP of 10 mm Hg or greater in 27.9% of eyes after the first injection. All eyes responded to topical glaucoma medication.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34: 386-390.]
Reproducibility of Retinal and Optic Nerve Head Perfusion Measurements Using Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Authors: Hafez Ali S , Bizzarro BSc, OD Regina L G , Rivard Michèle , Trabut Isabelle , Lovasik John V , Kergoat Hélène , Lesk Mark R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of full-field perfusion analysis using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) for perfusion measurements of the neuroretinal rim of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary retina in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, and m normal subjects.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: SLDF perfusion measurements of the neuroretinal rim and the peripapillary retina were performed on 20 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (group G) and 20 normal volunteers (group N). Each subject underwent two independent sessions, 30 minutes apart, each involving 5 high quality images. Intrasession and intersession reproducibility coefficients for flow, volume, and velocity were calculated for a single image and for means of 3 and 5 images using analysis of variance models.
* RESULTS: Using a mean of 5 measurements for flow, the intrasession coefficient of reliability was 0.99 each for the rim, nasal retina, and temporal retina in group G and 0.93, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively, in group N. The intersession coefficient of reliability for flow was 0.99 for the rim, 0.95 for the nasal retina, and 0.87 for the temporal retina in group G and 0.87, 0.82, and 0.80, respectively, in group N. Compared with single image analysis, intrasession and intersession reproducibility were generally better when a mean of 3 images and substantially better when a mean of 5 images was used.
* CONCLUSION: SLDF full-field perfusion analysis is markedly more reproducible than the original software using 10 × 10 pixel windows. Obtaining mean values for at least 3 images improves the intrasession and intersession reproducibility of this technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:422-432.]
Intraocular Live Cysticercus Larva
Authors: Nainiwal Sanjeev , Chand Mool , Verma Lalit , Garg S P , Tewari Hem K , Kashyap Seema 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Ocular cysticercosis is one of the most common parasitic infections of the eye in humans. Although the adult pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, resides in the lumen of the intestine, the only structural element of an adult worm is usually found within a tissue cyst in the eye, its adenexa, or other places in the body with a single invaginated scolex. An unusual case is described in which a 13- to 14-mm live cysticercus larva was found, removed from the eye, and confirmed by histopathologic examination.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:464-466.]
The Scleral Buckling of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Under the Surgical Microscope
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Liang Xiaolei , Sun Dawei , Peng Shaomin 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:
To analyze the feasibility of performing scleral buckle under the surgical microscope without using the indirect ophthalmoscope.

Patients and Methods:
Data came from 342 eyes of 339 patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) that were suitable for scleral buckling. All surgeries were performed under the surgical microscope including examination and localization of retinal breaks, scleral buckling, and retinal cryotherapy.

Results:
During intraoperative examination, additional retinal breaks were found in 39 cases. Among 36 eyes in which a retinal break was not observed pre-operatively, 23 cases had retinal breaks detected during surgery. The anatomic success rate after one operation was 88.9% and the final success rate was 98.0%.

Conclusion:
Scleral buckling of RRD with equatorial or pre-equatorial breaks can be easily done under the surgical microscope, which has the merits that the surgeon’s view is a clear upright image, manipulations are simple, and good surgical results can be obtained.
Comparison of Anterior Chamber Depth Measurements Conducted with Pentacam HR
®
and IOLMaster
®
Authors: Németh Gábor , Hassan Ziad , Módis László , Szalai Eszter , Katona Kristof , Berta Andras 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:
Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is an important anterior segment parameter. This study compared ACD measurements conducted with two optical devices in phakic, emmetropic eyes.

Patients and Methods:
Eighty-three phakic eyes of 44 patients with a mean axial length of 23.06 ± 0.94 mm were enrolled in the study. ACD was measured three times with the Scheimpflug-based Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), then three times with IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), and data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The measurements resulted in a mean ACD of 3.01 ± 0.34 mm with Pentacam HR and 2.95 ± 0.32 mm with IOLMaster. Distribution of data was normal, and no significant difference in ACD values was detected (
P
= .29) between the two devices. Correlation between ACD measurements was highly significant (
r
= 0.85;
P
< .0001).

Conclusion:
In phakic eyes, ACD measured with Pentacam HR and with IOLMaster showed similar values, and high correlation was observed between these two devices.
L’habitat de Colmar-Diaconat (Haut-Rhin) et la définition du bronze final III en Alsace
Authors: Maise Christian , Lasserre Marina 
Published: April 2021

Le site de Colmar-Diaconat a livré de nouveaux éléments qui permettent de définir les phases Bronze final IIIa et IIIb (Ha B1 et B2/3) en Alsace. Nous aborderons les différentes définitions existantes, conséquence d’une histoire de la recherche relativement complexe, et proposerons une périodisation du Bronze final III pour le sud de la plaine du Rhin.
De la première à la troisième année d’une licence : comment l’assiduité étudiante est-elle travaillée ?
Authors: Henri-Panabière Gaële , Noûs Camille 
Published: April 2021

Comment les premières années d’enseignement supérieur transforment-elles les étudiants ? La formation universitaire dont il est question dans l’article est peu encadrante, comme la plupart des licences de sciences humaines en France. Pourtant, au fil des trois années pendant lesquelles une trentaine d’étudiants ont été régulièrement enquêtés, leurs pratiques ont changé, en particulier celles qui concernent leur assiduité en cours. Pour comprendre ces changements, les analyses présentées s’inspirent de certains travaux portant sur la socialisation professionnelle. Elles montrent le rôle joué par le cadre institutionnel et sa faiblesse ainsi que par les pairs auxquels des formes de contrôle horizontal sont déléguées.
L’assimilation des valeurs médicales par les étudiants de médecine : les perspectives de la responsabilité médicale et de l’expérience clinique
Authors: Becker Howard S. , Hughes Everett C. , Geer Blanche P. , Strauss Anselm L. 
Published: April 2021

Ce texte s’inscrit dans la troisième partie de l’ouvrage Boys in White, dédiée à l’étude de la culture étudiante lors des années d’apprentissage médical. Il étudie les différentes « perspectives » mises en avant par les étudiants pour se préparer à deux pratiques médicales : la responsabilité et l’expérience. Il approfondit notamment les stratégies mises en avant dans l’apprentissage du point de vue médical et les tensions qui découlent de l’intériorisation de ces perspectives. Par la mise en avant du travail collectif et du terrain, par ses allers-retours entre observations et montées en généralité, cette étude constitue, encore soixante ans après, un exemple novateur d’une manière de construire, de décrire et d’écrire les sciences sociales.
The Role of IgM Antibodies in T Cell Lymphoma Protection in a Novel Model Resembling Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Jiang Chuancang , Zhao Ming-Lang , Ramos Luis , Dobaczewska Katarzyna , Herbert Ronald , Hobbie Kristen , Mikulski Zbigniew , Verkoczy Laurent , Diaz Marilyn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
MRL/lpr mice typically succumb to immune complex–mediated nephritis within the first year of life. However, MRL/lpr mice that only secrete IgM Abs because of activation-induced deaminase deficiency (AID–/–MRL/lpr mice) experienced a dramatic increase in survival. Further crossing of these mice to those incapable of making secretory IgM (μS mice) generated mice lacking any secreted Abs but with normal B cell receptors. Both strains revealed no kidney pathology, yet Ab-deficient mice still experienced high mortality. In this article, we report Ab-deficient MRL/lpr mice progressed to high-grade T cell lymphoma that can be reversed with injection of autoreactive IgM Abs or following adoptive transfer of IgM-secreting MRL/lpr B cells. Anti-nuclear Abs, particularly anti-dsDNA IgM Abs, exhibited tumor-killing activities against a murine T cell lymphoma cell line. Passive transfers of autoreactive IgM Abs into p53-deficient mice increased survival by delaying onset of T cell lymphoma. The lymphoma originated from a double-negative aberrant T cell population seen in MRL/lpr mice and most closely resembled human anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Combined, these results strongly implicate autoreactive IgM Abs in protection against T cell lymphoma.
Pandemia y guerra: narrativas de crisis y liderazgo. Análisis de las estrategias discursivas presidenciales en el inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Pérez Tornero José Manuel , Marín Lladó Carles , Cervi Laura 
Published: April 2021

Introducción. Las crisis provocadas por acontecimientos imprevistos como el COVID-19 ponen a prueba las capacidades de comunicación y liderazgo de los actores políticos. Como respuesta, estos políticos establecen estrategias comunicativas que buscan redefinir y reforzar su liderazgo (y su imagen) ante la opinión pública. Metodología. Este texto analiza el desarrollo de algunas de las estrategias llevadas a cabo por los líderes políticos de los tres países europeos más afectados en la primera ola de la pandemia del COVID-19: Emmanuel Macron (Francia), Giuseppe Conte (Italia) y Pedro Sánchez (España). El análisis se basa en la semiótica generativa y se centra en el estudio de las dimensiones semionarrativa, semántica y discursiva. Resultados. En el caso concreto de la pandemia del coronavirus, tales narrativas introducen cuestiones relacionadas con la guerra y el combate. De este modo, facilitan la aparición de subencuadres como la heroicidad y el patriotismo. Discusión. Existe una gran similitud entre todos los discursos analizados a la hora de valerse de la secuencia narrativa propia de la realización del héroe. Pero ni la diferencia de contexto político, ni la diversa evolución de la pandemia en cada uno de los países analizados, así como tampoco el diferente estatuto político de los líderes, conlleva una diferenciación en sus bases narrativas y en sus encuadres bélicos. Conclusiones. Se confirma que las nuevas narrativas se originan en los órdenes discursivos tradicionales como el bélico y el épico-heroico y se destaca una novedad: el papel que juega la ciencia en el acompañamiento de este discurso.
Revitalizing African Languages for Transformation
Authors: Roy-Campbell Z 
Published: April 2021

Local languages are the repositories of the indigenous knowledge base of societies. Marginalization of certain languages is a form of devaluing not only the languages but the knowledge and culture embodied in those languages. This paper explores the effects the devaluation of African languages have had on the indigenous knowledge base and culture of African countries and considers possibilities for the transformation of Africa through re-valuing African languages.
Dutch Reformed Church mission education and its secular reconstruction/transformation by the Bakgatla ba Kgafela African community of Rustenburg, South Africa, c.1903 – 1930s
Authors: Mbenga B 
Published: April 2021

The paper analyses the nature of Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) mission education among the Bakgatla ba Kgafela of the Rustenburg District, South Africa. The emphasis of education was religious. A senior DRC missionary expressed the aim of education succinctly: “The purpose of education is to develop understanding, empathy and to win the children for Jesus Christ” (Maree, 1966: 65-66). The Bakgatla resented this racist policy, calling for the broadening of the curriculum, but unsuccessfully. Consequently, they built their own school. Teachers were recruited from some of the then prestigious educational institutions in South Africa, e.g. Tiger Kloof. The community funded teachers’ salaries and other expenses. The new school, named ‘Ramolope,’ after a local family patriarch who spearheaded its building, opened in the early 1920s. Radically different from the DRC school, it emphasised English, Mathematics and Science. It became enormously popular in the region. Some of the DRC mission pupils were leaving, to join the new school! Neighbouring communities began to copy the Bakgatla’s successful transformational model. This competition so upset the DRC missionaries that they excommunicated all the adult (DRC) Christian members of the Ramolope family. Eventually, the government took over the funding of the school.
Teaching Social Studies from multicultural perspective: a practical approach to re-fashion African Studies for transformation
Authors: Salako E T , Ojeyibi O A 
Published: April 2021

Currently, global education and global citizenship for social transformation addresses the issues of cordial and harmonious existence of our time. Africa is a multilingual and multicultural continent with about 3.000 ethnic groups and 2000 languages spoken; therefore, introduction of multicultural approach in teaching will ensure effective socialization and transformative education in Africa. The roots to challenge bias, prejudice and creating classroom environment that reflects the learner’s culture for national unity lies in multicultural education. Multicultural education is a system of instruction which attempts to foster cultural pluralism and acknowledges the difference between race and culture in order to promote societal change and orderliness. This work examined a multicultural educational strategy which could be used in helping students from diverse racial, cultural, ethnic and language groups to experience academic success. Multicultural Concepts Knowledge Test (r=0.82), Multicultural Concept Attitude Scale (r= 0.86) were administered on 251 junior secondary school students from five secondary schools in the south-west region of Nigeria using the simple random technique. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance. Treatment had significant main effect on students’ posttest knowledge scores in multicultural concepts (F (2,340) = 5.835; p<.05). and attitude to multicultural concepts (F (2,340) = 34.055; P<.05). The MCA shows that the cooperative learning group had higher adjusted posttest knowledge score (x =10.14; Dev. =.83) In summary, findings of this study revealed that the cooperative multicultural learning strategy is effective for teaching multicultural classrooms. Therefore, this calls for improved approaches towards teaching by educators in order to bring us closer to the goal of multicultural education
Pattern of surgical admissions to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study
Authors: Wondimu Sahlu , Bekele Solomon , Giorgis Dawit G. , Getachew Feron , Seyoum Nebyou 
Published: April 2021

Background: Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH) is Ethiopia’s largest tertiary teaching and referral hospital admitting and treating surgical patients under various specialties. This study aims to analyze the magnitude and pattern of surgical admissions to this facility. Methods: A five-year Cross sectional retrospective analysis was done on all adult surgical admissions to TASH from Sept. 2010 to Sept. 2015. Results: There were a total of 8,698 surgical admissions of which, 4471 (51.4%) were male and 4227 (48.5%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.06:1. Their age ranged from 13 to 95, with mean age being 38.8 ± 16.2 years. Three thousand two hundred twenty two (46.5%) patients were from Addis Ababa. Of all admissions, 4706 (54.1%) were elective ones of which obstructive uropathy, 997(21.1%), esophageal diseases, 716(15.2%) and Urolithiasis, 573(12.2%) respectively are the top three. The rest, 3992 (44.9%), were emergency admissions, the top three ones being trauma, 1435(35.9%), appendicitis 281(7%) and Intestinal obstruction, 190(4.7%) respectively. General surgical (gastrointestinal, endocrine and vascular) cases account for 3414 (39.25%) of all admissions followed by urosurgical cases, 2114 (25.31%), cardiothoracic surgical cases, 1942 (22.33%), and neurosurgical cases, 1139 (13.1%). There were a total of 280 deaths with an overall mortality rate of 4% of which, 3.2% were from elective admissions and 5.2% from emergency ones. Mortality rate was the highest among neurosurgical patients being 6.3% followed by 4.3%, 3.8% and 3.5% in cardiothoracic, general surgical and urosurgical cases respectively. Conclusions: The admission pattern indicates quite a big number and diversity of cases though the bed capacity is limited. There are significant number of cases that could be treated at other secondary level hospitals. Trauma is the leading cause of emergency admissions and significant cause of mortality. We recommend increasing the number of beds, organizing separate trauma center and admitting only cases requiring tertiary level care. Keywords: pattern of surgical diseases; surgical admissions; Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital