bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paradoxes of love in the Spanish family: a sociological approach
Authors: Roche Cárcel Juan Antonio 
Published: July 2021

This article defines the Spanish family in the context of the “Mediterranean model” and the “individualization society”. The former is characterised by strong social interrelationships between family members and their emotional ties, while the latter is defined by the separateness of citizens and by institutionalising the basis of society in individuals rather than in the family. The work also describes how modern forms of love, both romantic and confluent, are institutionalized in this society, discussing if they coexist or not, how they exist, and which is the dominant form. Finally, it analyzes the degree of strength or fragility of the family institution and the affective relationships that sustain it. The work concludes that the Spanish family is balancing between the strong resistance to disappear as an institution and its eclipse, crisis, or complete end. This is because, although the Spanish family still retains a large part of its former functions, at the same time as divorce is on the increase and family members are decreasing, it is increasingly ephemeral and a plurality of family forms have emerged that have broken with the traditional dominant model of lifelong romantic marriage. Moreover, the Spanish family is also among the “familist” model and the individual, while the way of loving fluctuates between the traditional patriarchal and the democratic, individual, and communitary. Thus, the thesis I propose qualifies and questions the majority of theoretical works on love and the Spanish family, which argue that the family is inscribed in the “Mediterranean model”. As will be seen, the romantic relationships that have been institutionalised in the Spanish family are more paradoxical, insofar as they are still inscribed in that model, but they are rapidly approaching those of Northern Europe.
Whole genome sequencing of colonies derived from cannabis flowers and the impact of media selection on benchmarking total yeast and mold detection tools
Authors: McKernan Kevin , Helbert Yvonne , Kane Liam , Houde Nathan , Zhang Lei , McLaughlin Stephen 
Published: July 2021

Background: Cannabis products are subjected to microbial testing for pathogenic fungi and bacteria. These testing requirements often rely on non-specific colony forming unit (CFU/g) specifications without clarity on which medium, selection or growth times are required. We performed whole genome sequencing to assess the specificity of colony forming units (CFU) derived from three different plating media: Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), PDA with chloramphenicol and Dichloran Rose Bengal with chloramphenicol (DRBC). Methods: Colonies were isolated from each medium type and their whole genomes sequenced to identify the diversity of microbes present on each medium selection. Fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS3) and Bacterial 16S RNA(16S) quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) were performed, to correlate these CFUs with fungi- and bacterial- specific qPCR. Results: Each plating medium displayed a ten-fold difference in CFU counts. PDA with chloramphenicol showed the highest diversity and the highest concordance with whole genome sequencing. According to ITS3 and 16S qPCR confirmed with whole genome sequencing, DRBC under counted yeast and mold while PDA without chloramphenicol over counted CFUs due to bacterial growth without selection. Conclusions: Colony Forming Unit regulations lack specificity. Each medium produces significant differences in CFU counts. These are further dependent on subjective interpretation, failure to culture most microbes, and poor selection between bacteria and fungi. Given the most pathogenic microbes found on cannabis are endophytes which culture fails to detect, molecular methods offer a solution to this long-standing quantification problem in the cannabis testing field.
Sleep quality among undergraduate students of a medical college in Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey
Authors: Shrestha Dhan , Adhikari Suman Prasad , Rawal Namrata , Budhathoki Pravash , Pokharel Subashchandra , Adhikari Yuvraj , Rokaya Pooja , Raut Udit 
Published: July 2021

Background Good sleep quality is associated with a diverse range of positive outcomes such as better health, less daytime sleepiness, well-being and proper psychological functioning. Sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality leads to many metabolic, endocrine, and immune changes. Many studies have shown changes in sleep schedule along with worsening of sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a medical college in Kathmandu, Nepal from January 13, 2021 to February 15, 2021. A stratified random sampling technique was used. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Questionnaires that were completely filled were included and analyzed using STATA vs. 15. Results 168(n=190) medical students filled out the questionnaires with a response rate of 88.42%. Around 30% (n=51) of respondents had poor sleep quality (PSQI total score of > 5) with an average PSQI score of 4.24±2.19. Unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed significantly higher odds of poor sleep quality among females (OR, 2.25; CI, 1.14-4.43) compared with male and the relation persists even after adjusting with age and year in medical school (aOR, 2.81; CI, 1.35-5.86). Adjusting with age and gender, 4 th-year MBBS students had 82% lesser odds of having poor sleep quality compared to 2 nd-year MBBS students (aOR, 0.18; CI, 0.04-0.76). Our study is suggestive of poor sleep quality common among medical students. Conclusions More than a quarter of medical students have a poor sleep quality as per our study. So, education and awareness should be raised among medical students regarding the detrimental effects of poor quality sleep on daily activities, physical and mental well-being, and the overall quality of life.
Efficacy and safety of moxidectin and albendazole compared to ivermectin and albendazole co-administration in adolescents infected with Trichuris trichiura: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Welsche Sophie , Mrimi Emmanuel C. , Keller Ladina , Hürlimann Eveline , Hofmann Daniela , Hattendorf Jan , Ali Said M. , Keiser Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Background: Infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) predominantly affect impoverished populations in tropical environments. The periodic administration of single dose benzimidazoles (i.e., albendazole, mebendazole) to at-risk individuals in endemic regions is at the center of STH control strategies. Given the low efficacy of these drugs against trichuriasis, investigation of drug combinations including moxidectin and ivermectin has recently been initiated, yet the identification of the best treatment option requires more research. We present the protocol for a trial investigating the efficacy and safety of co-administered moxidectin and albendazole compared to co-administered ivermectin and albendazole against Trichuris trichiura. Methods: We will conduct a randomized controlled trial enrolling 540 T. trichiura-infected adolescents aged 12-19 years on Pemba Island (Tanzania). The primary objective is to demonstrate non-inferiority of orally co-administered single-dose moxidectin (8 mg)/albendazole (400 mg) compared to orally co-administered single-dose ivermectin (200 µg/kg)/albendazole (400 mg) in terms of egg reduction rates (ERRs) against T. trichiura infections assessed by Kato-Katz at 14-21 days post-treatment. Secondary objectives include the assessment of the drug combinations’ superiority compared to their respective monotherapies, of the cure rates (CRs) against T. trichiura, and the safety and tolerability of all treatments, as well as CRs and ERRs against concomitant STH infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm). Potential effects of the treatment regimens on follow-up prevalences of STH at 5-6 weeks and 3 months post-treatment, infection status derived by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic parameters will also be assessed. Furthermore, a subsample of stool specimens will be analyzed by an updated version of the FECPAKG2 platform. Conclusions: Results from this trial will help to inform decision- and policymakers on which anthelminthic combination therapy might improve existing deworming programs and provide a valuable adjunct tool for interrupting STH transmission. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04700423 (07/01/2021)
Design and Clinical Evaluation of Pharmacologic Stress-Test with Dalargin for SPECT Detection of Viable Myocardium in Patients after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bukhovets I. , Vasiltseva O. , Lishmanov Yu. , Vorozhtsova I. , Lavrov A. , Ivanovskaya E. , Cherniavskii A. , Ussov W. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To develop a functional stress-test with Dalargin used as a pharmacological stress agent and to study its diagnostic capabilities for quantifying the general and segmental systolic function of the left ventricle in patients with IHD using SPECT and echo methods.
Material and methods: The study comprised 29 male patients with CHD-angina of 2-3 functional classes, studied on 15–25 days (on average 20 ± 2.8 days) after a large-focal myocardial infarction. A fractional step-wise injection of Dalargin was performed with step doses as 0.1 mg / kg (1 ml up to a total of 8 ml, with intervals of 90 seconds, for a total of 12 minutes), in a supine position. After each dose of Dalargin, blood pressure, heart rate, ECG were recorded, and an echocardiographic assessment of hemodynamic parameters and local contractility was carried out. At the peak of the effect of dalargin, 99mTc-Tetrofosmin was administered intravenously (370 – 540 MBq), followed by chest SPECT.
Results: The optimal dose of dalargin for assessing the contractility of the LV was 0.3 mg/kg. From the data of myocardial perfusion SPECT, at dalargin test, the number of segments with normal regional blood supply increased statistically significantly from 56,0 % to 64,7 %, the number of hypoperfused segments decreased from 41.0% to 33.7% as compared to rest, and the number of non-perfused ones – from 3.0 % to 1.6 %. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between segmental contractility and local perfusion at the top dalargin inotropic effect was high and significant (R=0.67, p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the pharmacological test with intravenous administration of dalargin for prediction of postoperative improvement of perfusion and contractility of the viable myocardium were: sensitivity 78.8 %, specificity 76.4 %, diagnostic accuracy 77.6 %.
Conclusion. The use of the agonist of the μ - and δ-opioid receptors dalargin as a pharmacological stress-agent at perfusion SPECT and Stress Echocardiography to assess the contractile reserve of a dysfunctional viable myocardium is informative and appropriate. In patients with IHD who have suffered a myocardial infarction and are referred to myocardial revascularization, dalargin can be employed as an effective stress-agent for assessing the reserve of perfusion and contractility of dysfunctional left ventricular myocardium using perfusion SPECT and echocardiography.
A 2% taurolidine catheter lock solution prevents catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter dysfunction in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Neusser Matthias Alexander , Bobe Irina , Hammermeister Anne , Wittmann Udo 
Published: July 2021

HIGHLIGHTS 2% taurolidine catheter lock solution without additives is safe and efficient. CRBSI and dysfunction rates compare favorably against other studies in hemodialysis Background: In hemodialysis patients, catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter dysfunction are common and cause significant morbidity, mortality, and costs. Catheter lock solutions reduce CRBSI and catheter dysfunction rates, but solutions containing heparin, citrate, or antibiotics are associated with adverse effects. Due to its antimicrobial and antithrombotic properties and benign safety profile, taurolidine is suitable for use in catheter lock solutions. In this study the effectiveness and safety of a catheter lock solution containing 2% taurolidine without citrate or heparin (TauroSept®, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) in hemodialysis patients were investigated for the first time. Methods: Data from 21 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis via tunneled central venous catheters with 2% taurolidine solution as a catheter lock were analyzed in a single-center retrospective study and compared with the existing literature in a review. The primary endpoint was CRBSI rate. Secondary endpoints included catheter dysfunction, treatment, and costs; catheter technical problems, resolution, and costs; and adverse events. Data were compared to outcomes with standard lock solutions in the literature. Results: No CRBSIs occurred during the observation period of 5,639 catheter days. The catheter dysfunction rate was 0.71 per 1,000 catheter days, and the catheter dysfunction treatment costs were CHF (Swiss Franc) 543 per patient. No technical problems or adverse events related to the use of 2% taurolidine-containing catheter lock solution were observed. These results compare favorably with other catheter lock solutions. Conclusions: A solution containing 2% taurolidine seems suitable as a hemodialysis catheter lock. In a Swiss cohort, it prevented CRBSI, limited catheter dysfunction, and was cost-efficient.
A modification of the Ponseti method for clubfoot management: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Sheta Reda Ali , El-Sayed Mohamed , Abdel-Ghani Hisham , Saber Sameh , Mohammed Amani Salah Eldin , Hassan Tohamy Gouda Tohamy 
Published: July 2021

Purpose We aimed to compare our parent-based exercise programem's efficacy with the foot abduction brace (FAB) Ponseti manipulation as a retention programme. Methods We conducted this prospective multicentre cohort study between August 2009 and November 2019. The included children were allocated into one of two groups according to the retention protocol. The Pirani and Laaveg-Ponseti scores were used to assess the feet clinically and functionally. Radiological assessment was performed using standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the feet. We assessed the parents’ satisfaction and adherence to the retention method. SPSS version 25 was used for the statistical analysis. Results A total of 1265 feet in 973 children were included. Group A included 637 feet managed with FAB, while group B included 628 feet managed with our retention programme. All patients were followed up to the age of four years. At the final follow-up, Pirani scores in group A participants were excellent, good and poor in 515, 90, and 32 feet, respectivel, while in group B the scores were excellent, good and poor in 471, 110 and 44 feet, respectively. The mean total score of Laaveg-Ponseti was 87.81 (sd 19.82) in group A and 90.55 (sd 20.71) in group B (p = 0.02). Group B participants showed higher satisfaction with the treatment method (p = 0.011) and more adherence to the treatment (p = 0.013). Conclusion The deformity's recurrence related to the brace's non-compliance in the Ponseti method might be reduced by substituting the brace with our home-based daily stretching exercises. Level of Evidence II
Strong Faraday rotation in a topological insulator single layer using dielectric multilayered structures
Authors: Ghasempour Ardakani Abbas , Zare Zahra 
Published: July 2021

Topological insulators act as axionic materials in the presence of an external magnetic field or ferromagnetic dopants. We use a single topological insulator layer as a defect in a periodic multilayered structure to enhance the Faraday rotation. By adjusting the structure parameters, a Faraday rotation of 709 mrad is obtained at the defect mode. The transmission in wavelength with extreme values of Faraday rotation is higher than 95%. The high transmission and giant Faraday rotation result from the electromagnetic field localization at the topological insulator defect layer and strong interaction at the interfaces of the defect layer owing to the excitation of the defect mode. It was previously shown that multilayered structures consisting of eight alternating topological insulator layers demonstrated a Faraday rotation of 232 mrad with transmission of 94% [Phys. Rev. A 94, 033816 (2016)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.94.033816]. Therefore, the structure proposed here is an ideal system to observe strong Faraday rotation with high transmission in a single topological insulator layer. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters such as incident angle, thickness of the topological insulator defect layer, thickness of the dielectric layers, and number of unit cells on the Faraday rotation peak and its transmission are investigated.
Relevant factors of self-care in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Kusumoto Yasuaki , Takaki Kenji , Matsuda Tadamitsu , Nitta Osamu 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Manual ability is considered one of the factors that can predict functional independence in activities of daily living. For evaluating personal tasks such as self-care, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) comprises/introduces/offers a set of useful measures that assist in enhancing the capability for self-care among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate the relevant factors of self-care capability and performance in children and adolescents with spastic CP.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Seventy-six children and adolescents with spastic CP (between 5 and 18 years of age), representing levels I to IV of the Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded & Revised version (GMFCS), were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis with forward stepwise selection was conducted to examine which determinants were related to self-care capability and performance. Independent variables were age, CP type, GMFCS, Manual Ability Classification System, Box and Block Test, and grip strength in the dominant and non-dominant hands. Dependent variables were scores for the PEDI Functional Skills Scale and the PEDI Caregiver Assistance Scale.

Results
Results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the PEDI Functional Skills scale scores were correlated with the Box and Block Test in the dominant hand and GMFCS (Adjusted R2 = 0.69). The PEDI Caregiver Assistance Scale scores were correlated with the Box and Block Test in the dominant hand, GMFCS, and age (adjusted R2 = 0.71).

Conclusion
When considering self-care of children and adolescents with spastic CP, it is necessary to consider the evaluation of upper limb dysfunction in addition to GMFCS.
Factors associated with caring behaviors of family caregivers for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyang Sook , Lee Chung Eun , Yang Yong Sook 
Published: July 2021

Background
The number of patients on home mechanical ventilation (HMV) worldwide has been steadily rising as medical technological advanced. To ensure the safety and quality care of the patients receiving HMV with tracheostomy, caring behavior of family caregivers is critical. However, studies on caring behavior of family caregivers and its associated factors were remained unexplored. This study aimed to describe the caring behaviors of family caregivers for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy and to identify factors associated with their caring behaviors.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study for 95 family caregivers for patients with invasive home mechanical ventilation in South Korea. Caring behaviors were assessed by the Caring Behavior Scale with 74 items with 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results
Caring behaviors score of caregivers was 304.68±31.05 out of 370. They were significantly associated with knowledge on emergency care (β = 0.22, p = .011), number of required instruments for care (β = 0.21, p = .010), frequency of home visit care (β = 0.19, p = .017), experience of emergency situation for the last six months (β = 0.19, p = .009) and activities of daily living of patient (β = 0.27, p = .002).

Conclusion
Development of standardized multidisciplinary discharge education for improving the caring capacity of caregivers is required for successful and healthy application of home mechanical ventilation.
Predictors of COVID-19 in an outpatient fever clinic
Authors: Trübner Frank , Steigert Lisa , Echterdiek Fabian , Jung Norma , Schmidt-Hellerau Kirsten , Zoller Wolfram G. , Frick Julia-Stefanie , Feng You-Shan , Paul Gregor 
Published: July 2021

Background
The objective of this study was to identify clinical risk factors for COVID-19 in a German outpatient fever clinic that allow distinction of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from other patients with flu-like symptoms.

Methods
This is a retrospective, single-centre cohort study. Patients were included visiting the fever clinic from 4th of April 2020 to 15th of May 2020. Symptoms, comorbidities, and socio-demographic factors were recorded in a standardized fashion. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of COVID-19, on the bases of those a model discrimination was assessed using area under the receiver operation curves (AUROC).

Results
The final analysis included 930 patients, of which 74 (8%) had COVID-19. Anosmia (OR 10.71; CI 6.07–18.9) and ageusia (OR 9.3; CI 5.36–16.12) were strongly associated with COVID-19. High-risk exposure (OR 12.20; CI 6.80–21.90), especially in the same household (OR 4.14; CI 1.28–13.33), was also correlated; the more household members, especially with flu-like symptoms, the higher the risk of COVID-19. Working in an essential workplace was also associated with COVID-19 (OR 2.35; CI 1.40–3.96), whereas smoking was inversely correlated (OR 0.19; CI 0.08–0.44). A model that considered risk factors like anosmia, ageusia, concomitant of symptomatic household members and smoking well discriminated COVID-19 patients from other patients with flu-like symptoms (AUROC 0.84).

Conclusions
We report a set of four readily available clinical parameters that allow the identification of high-risk individuals of COVID-19. Our study will not replace molecular testing but will help guide containment efforts while waiting for test results.