bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porosity, cracks, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured tooling alloys: a review
Authors: Bidare Prveen , Jiménez Amaia , Hassanin Hany , Essa Khamis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies are currently employed for the manufacturing of completely functional parts and have gained the attention of high-technology industries such as the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields. This is mainly due to their advantages in terms of low material waste and high productivity, particularly owing to the flexibility in the geometries that can be generated. In the tooling industry, specifically the manufacturing of dies and molds, AM technologies enable the generation of complex shapes, internal cooling channels, the repair of damaged dies and molds, and an improved performance of dies and molds employing multiple AM materials. In the present paper, a review of AM processes and materials applied in the tooling industry for the generation of dies and molds is addressed. AM technologies used for tooling applications and the characteristics of the materials employed in this industry are first presented. In addition, the most relevant state-of-the-art approaches are analyzed with respect to the process parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties in the processing of high-performance tooling materials used in AM processes. Concretely, studies on the AM of ferrous (maraging steels and H13 steel alloy) and non-ferrous (stellite alloys and WC alloys) tooling alloys are also analyzed.
Insights into Delivering Cross-Cultural Medical Education in the UK and Malaysia
Authors: Guilding Clare , Li Zhi Paul Khoo , Mohana Krishnan Sailesh , Hubbard Paul Stephen , McKeegan Kenneth Scott 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNewcastle University UK operates an international campus, NUMed, in Malaysia. NUMed delivers the same medical degree programme as in the UK, within a different cultural context. In this paper, medical education faculty and NUMed graduates with experience working in both the UK and Malaysia provide insights into cross-cultural diversity in approaches to learning. Observations from small and large group teaching and approaches to assessment are discussed in relation to students’ cultural backgrounds including previous learning experiences and English language abilities. We provide practice points for educators preparing a diverse range of students to work in global healthcare settings.
Capital as an Integrative Conceptualisation of Human Characteristics, Behaviour, and Outcomes Predicting Reproductive Success and Evolutionary Fitness
Authors: Kordsmeyer Tobias L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to evolutionary theory, human cognition and behaviour are based on adaptations selected for their contribution to reproduction in the past, which in the present may result in differential reproductive success and inclusive fitness. Because this depiction is broad and human behaviour often separated from this ultimate outcome (e.g., increasing childlessness), evolutionary theory can only incompletely account for human everyday behaviour. Moreover, effects of most studied traits and characteristics on mating and reproductive success turned out not to be robust. In this article, an abstract descriptive level for evaluating human characteristics, behaviour, and outcomes is proposed, as a predictor of long-term reproductive success and fitness. Characteristics, behaviour, and outcomes are assessed in terms of attained and maintained capital, defined by more concrete (e.g., mating success, personality traits) and abstract (e.g., influence, received attention) facets, thus extending constructs like embodied capital and social capital theory, which focuses on resources embedded in social relationships. Situations are framed as opportunities to gain capital, and situational factors function as elicitors for gaining and evaluating capital. Combined capital facets should more robustly predict reproductive success and (theoretically) fitness than individual fitness predictors. Different ways of defining and testing these associations are outlined, including a method for empirically examining the psychometric utility of introducing a capital concept. Further theorising and empirical research should more precisely define capital and its facets, and test associations with (correlates of) reproductive success and fitness.
Green and Near-Infrared Dual-Mode Afterglow of Carbon Dots and Their Applications for Confidential Information Readout
Authors: Wang Yuci , Jiang Kai , Du Jiaren , Zheng Licheng , Li Yike , Li Zhongjun , Lin Hengwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR), particularly NIR-containing dual-/multi-mode afterglow, is very attractive in many fields of application, but it is still a great challenge to achieve such property of materials. Herein, we report a facile method to prepare green and NIR dual-mode afterglow of carbon dots (CDs) through in situ embedding o-CDs (being prepared from o-phenylenediamine) into cyanuric acid (CA) matrix (named o-CDs@CA). Further studies reveal that the green and NIR afterglows of o-CDs@CA originate from thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of o-CDs, respectively. In addition, the formation of covalent bonds between o-CDs and CA, and the presence of multiple fixation and rigid effects to the triplet states of o-CDs are confirmed to be critical for activating the observed dual-mode afterglow. Due to the shorter lifetime and insensitiveness to human vision of the NIR RTP of o-CDs@CA, it is completely covered by the green TADF during directly observing. The NIR RTP signal, however, can be readily captured if an optical filter (cut-off wavelength of 600 nm) being used. By utilizing these unique features, the applications of o-CDs@CA in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption have been demonstrated with great confidentiality. Finally, the as-developed method was confirmed to be applicable to many other kinds of CDs for achieving or enhancing their afterglow performances.
Results on Martin’s Conjecture
Authors: Lutz Patrick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMartin’s conjecture is an attempt to classify the behavior of all definable functions on the Turing degrees under strong set theoretic hypotheses. Very roughly it says that every such function is either eventually constant, eventually equal to the identity function or eventually equal to a transfinite iterate of the Turing jump. It is typically divided into two parts: the first part states that every function is either eventually constant or eventually above the identity function and the second part states that every function which is above the identity is eventually equal to a transfinite iterate of the jump. If true, it would provide an explanation for the unique role of the Turing jump in computability theory and rule out many types of constructions on the Turing degrees.In this thesis, we will introduce a few tools which we use to prove several cases of Martin’s conjecture. It turns out that both these tools and these results on Martin’s conjecture have some interesting consequences both for Martin’s conjecture and for a few related topics.The main tool that we introduce is a basis theorem for perfect sets, improving a theorem due to Groszek and Slaman. We also introduce a general framework for proving certain special cases of Martin’s conjecture which unifies a few pre-existing proofs. We will use these tools to prove three main results about Martin’s conjecture: that it holds for regressive functions on the hyperarithmetic degrees (answering a question of Slaman and Steel), that part 1 holds for order preserving functions on the Turing degrees, and that part 1 holds for a class of functions that we introduce, called measure preserving functions.This last result has several interesting consequences for the study of Martin’s conjecture. In particular, it shows that part 1 of Martin’s conjecture is equivalent to a statement about the Rudin-Keisler order on ultrafilters on the Turing degrees. This suggests several possible strategies for working on part 1 of Martin’s conjecture, which we will discuss.The basis theorem that we use to prove these results also has some applications outside of Martin’s conjecture. We will use it to prove a few theorems related to Sacks’ question about whether it is provable in
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
that every locally countable partial order of size continuum embeds into the Turing degrees. We will show that in a certain extension of
$\mathsf {ZF}$
(which is incompatible with
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
), this holds for all partial orders of height two, but not for all partial orders of height three. Our proof also yields an analogous result for Borel partial orders and Borel embeddings in
$\mathsf {ZF}$
, which shows that the Borel version of Sacks’ question has a negative answer.We will end the thesis with a list of open questions related to Martin’s conjecture, which we hope will stimulate further research.Abstract prepared by Patrick Lutz.E-mail: pglutz@berkeley.edu
Transfer Principles in Henselian Valued Fields
Authors: Touchard Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this thesis, we study transfer principles in the context of certain Henselian valued fields, namely Henselian valued fields of equicharacteristic
$0$
, algebraically closed valued fields, algebraically maximal Kaplansky valued fields, and unramified mixed characteristic Henselian valued fields with perfect residue field. First, we compute the burden of such a valued field in terms of the burden of its value group and its residue field. The burden is a cardinal related to the model theoretic complexity and a notion of dimension associated to
$\text {NTP}_2$
theories. We show, for instance, that the Hahn field
$\mathbb {F}_p^{\text {alg}}((\mathbb {Z}[1/p]))$
is inp-minimal (of burden 1), and that the ring of Witt vectors
$W(\mathbb {F}_p^{\text {alg}})$
over
$\mathbb {F}_p^{\text {alg}}$
is not strong (of burden
$\omega $
). This result extends previous work by Chernikov and Simon and realizes an important step toward the classification of Henselian valued fields of finite burden. Second, we show a transfer principle for the property that all types realized in a given elementary extension are definable. It can be written as follows: a valued field as above is stably embedded in an elementary extension if and only if its value group is stably embedded in the corresponding extension of value groups, its residue field is stably embedded in the corresponding extension of residue fields, and the extension of valued fields satisfies a certain algebraic condition. We show, for instance, that all types over the power series field
$\mathbb {R}((t))$
are definable. Similarly, all types over the quotient field of
$W(\mathbb {F}_p^{\text {alg}})$
are definable. This extends previous work of Cubides and Delon and of Cubides and Ye.These distinct results use a common approach, which has been developed recently. It consists of establishing first a reduction to an intermediate structure called the leading term structure, or
$\operatorname {\mathrm {RV}}$
-sort, and then of reducing to the value group and residue field. This leads us to develop similar reduction principles in the context of pure short exact sequences of abelian groups.Abstract prepared by Pierre Touchard.E-mail: pierre.pa.touchard@gmail.comURL: https://miami.uni-muenster.de/Record/a612cf73-0a2f-42c4-b1e4-7d28934138a9
On Transfinite Levels of the Ershov Hierarchy
Authors: Peng Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this thesis, we study Turing degrees in the context of classical recursion theory. What we are interested in is the partially ordered structures
$\mathcal {D}_{\alpha }$
for ordinals
$\alpha <\omega ^2$
and
$\mathcal {D}_{a}$
for notations
$a\in \mathcal {O}$
with
$|a|_{o}\geq \omega ^2$
.The dissertation is motivated by the
$\Sigma _{1}$
-elementary substructure problem: Can one structure in the following structures
$\mathcal {R}\subsetneqq \mathcal {D}_{2}\subsetneqq \dots \subsetneqq \mathcal {D}_{\omega }\subsetneqq \mathcal {D}_{\omega +1}\subsetneqq \dots \subsetneqq \mathcal {D(\leq \textbf {0}')}$
be a
$\Sigma _{1}$
-elementary substructure of another? For finite levels of the Ershov hierarchy, Cai, Shore, and Slaman [Journal of Mathematical Logic, vol. 12 (2012), p. 1250005] showed that
$\mathcal {D}_{n}\npreceq _{1}\mathcal {D}_{m}$
for any
$n < m$
. We consider the problem for transfinite levels of the Ershov hierarchy and show that
$\mathcal {D}_{\omega }\npreceq _{1}\mathcal {D}_{\omega +1}$
. The techniques in Chapters 2 and 3 are motivated by two remarkable theorems, Sacks Density Theorem and the d.r.e. Nondensity Theorem.In Chapter 1, we first briefly review the background of the research areas involved in this thesis, and then review some basic definitions and classical theorems. We also summarize our results in Chapter 2 to Chapter 4. In Chapter 2, we show that for any
$\omega $
-r.e. set D and r.e. set B with
$D<_{T}B$
, there is an
$\omega +1$
-r.e. set A such that
$D<_{T}A<_{T}B$
. In Chapter 3, we show that for some notation a with
$|a|_{o}=\omega ^{2}$
, there is an incomplete
$\omega +1$
-r.e. set A such that there are no a-r.e. sets U with
$A<_{T}U<_{T}K$
. In Chapter 4, we generalize above results to higher levels (up to
$\varepsilon _{0}$
). We investigate Lachlan sets and minimal degrees on transfinite levels and show that for any notation a, there exists a
$\Delta ^{0}_{2}$
-set A such that A is of minimal degree and
$A\not \equiv _T U$
for all a-r.e. sets U.Abstract prepared by Cheng Peng.E-mail: pengcheng@nankai.edu.cn
Spectrum of Movement Disorders of Late-Onset Niemann-Pick Disease Type C
Authors: Parihar Jasmine , Dash Deepa , Aggarwal Bhawana , Kabra Madhulika , Rajan Roopa , Vibha Deepti , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Bhatia Rohit , Gupta Neerja , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT:Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which has a variable presentation based on the age of onset. We describe five adult/adolescent-onset NPC cases presenting with a range of movement disorders along with vertical supranuclear gaze palsy as part of the clinical presentation. A diagnostic delay of 4–17 years from the symptom onset was found in this case series. A high index of clinical suspicion in adult/adolescent patients presenting with vertical supranuclear gaze palsy along with various movement disorder phenomenology can help in the early diagnosis of NPC.
Neuroprotection in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Brief Review
Authors: Buchan Alastair M. , Pelz David M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT:The goal of effective neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke remains elusive. Despite decades of experimental preclinical and clinical experience with innumerable agents, no strategy has proven to be beneficial in humans. As endovascular therapies mature and approach the limits of speed and efficacy, neuroprotection will become the next frontier of acute stroke care. This review will briefly summarize the history, preclinical and clinical triumphs and failures, and future directions of cerebral neuroprotection.
On the comparison of Shapley values for variance and standard deviation games
Authors: Galeotti Marcello , Rabitti Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMotivated by the problem of variance allocation for the sum of dependent random variables, Colini-Baldeschi, Scarsini and Vaccari (2018) recently introduced Shapley values for variance and standard deviation games. These Shapley values constitute a criterion satisfying nice properties useful for allocating the variance and the standard deviation of the sum of dependent random variables. However, since Shapley values are in general computationally demanding, Colini-Baldeschi, Scarsini and Vaccari also formulated a conjecture about the relation of the Shapley values of two games, which they proved for the case of two dependent random variables. In this work we prove that their conjecture holds true in the case of an arbitrary number of independent random variables but, at the same time, we provide counterexamples to the conjecture for the case of three dependent random variables.
Asymptotic behavior of the weak approximation to a class of Gaussian processes
Authors: Jiang Hui , Yang Qingshan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study, under mild conditions, the weak approximation constructed from a standard Poisson process for a class of Gaussian processes, and establish its sample path moderate deviations. The techniques consist of a good asymptotic exponential approximation in moderate deviations, the Besov–Lèvy modulus embedding, and an exponential martingale technique. Moreover, our results are applied to the weak approximations associated with the moving average of Brownian motion, fractional Brownian motion, and an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
An upper bound for the bond percolation threshold of the cubic lattice by a growth process approach
Authors: Yu Gaoran , Wierman John C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe reduce the upper bound for the bond percolation threshold of the cubic lattice from 0.447 792 to 0.347 297. The bound is obtained by a growth process approach which views the open cluster of a bond percolation model as a dynamic process. A three-dimensional dynamic process on the cubic lattice is constructed and then projected onto a carefully chosen plane to obtain a two-dimensional dynamic process on a triangular lattice. We compare the bond percolation models on the cubic lattice and their projections, and demonstrate that the bond percolation threshold of the cubic lattice is no greater than that of the triangular lattice. Applying the approach to the body-centered cubic lattice yields an upper bound of 0.292 893 for its bond percolation threshold.
On the steady state of continuous-time stochastic opinion dynamics with power-law confidence
Authors: Baccelli François , Vishwanath Sriram , Oh Woo Jae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a non-linear and continuous-time opinion dynamics model with additive noise and state-dependent interaction rates between agents. The model features interaction rates which are proportional to a negative power of the opinion distances. We establish a non-local partial differential equation for the distribution of opinion distances and use Mellin transforms to provide an explicit formula for the stationary solution of the latter, when it exists. Our approach leads to new qualitative and quantitative results on this type of dynamics. To the best of our knowledge these Mellin transform results are the first quantitative results on the equilibria of opinion dynamics with distance-dependent interaction rates. The closed-form expressions for this class of dynamics are obtained for the two-agent case. However, the results can be used in mean-field models featuring several agents whose interaction rates depend on the empirical average of their opinions. The technique also applies to linear dynamics, namely with a constant interaction rate, on an interaction graph.
A transient Cramér–Lundberg model with applications to credit risk
Authors: Delsing Guusje , Mandjes Michel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper considers a variant of the classical Cramér–Lundberg model that is particularly appropriate in the credit context, with the distinguishing feature that it corresponds to a finite number of obligors. The focus is on computing the ruin probability, i.e. the probability that the initial reserve, increased by the interest received from the obligors and decreased by the losses due to defaults, drops below zero. As well as an exact analysis (in terms of transforms) of this ruin probability, an asymptotic analysis is performed, including an efficient importance-sampling-based simulation approach.The base model is extended in multiple dimensions: (i) we consider a model in which there may, in addition, be losses that do not correspond to defaults, (ii) then we analyze a model in which the individual obligors are coupled via a regime switching mechanism, (iii) then we extend the model so that between the losses the reserve process behaves as a Brownian motion rather than a deterministic drift, and (iv) we finally consider a set-up with multiple groups of statistically identical obligors.
Association between sitting/lying down, standing, walking time and number of steps per day with the hormonal profile and resting energy expenditure of women with obesity living in a low-income region
Authors: Macena Mateus de Lima , da Silva Júnior André Eduardo , Praxedes Dafiny Rodrigues Silva , Vasconcelos Laís Gomes Lessa , Pureza Isabele Rejane de Oliveira Maranhão , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo , Bueno Nassib Bezerra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReducing sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing physical activity (PA) by sitting less and standing/walking more is advised to prevent chronic diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying this recommendation are not well established, especially in individuals with obesity living in low-income regions. The present study evaluated whether there are associations between PA indicators (PAI – standing time, walking time and the number of steps/d) and SB indicators (SBI – sitting/lying down time) with the hormonal profile and resting energy expenditure (REE) of adult women living in a low-income region. This is a cross-sectional study. We collected data on hormones (insulin resistance, leptin and thyroid axis), body composition (tetrapolar bioimpedance), REE (indirect calorimetry), and PAI and SBI (triaxial accelerometers, ActivPAL). Multivariable linear models adjusting for age and fat-free mass were performed. Fifty-eight women (mean age of 31 years and BMI of 33 kg/m2) were included. The mean sitting/lying down time and standing time were 16·08 and 5·52 h/d, respectively. Sitting/lying down time showed a direct association with free thyroxine (FT4) (β = 0·56 ng/dl; 95 % CI = −1·10, −0·02). Standing time showed a direct association with FT4 (β = 0·75 ng/dl; 95 % CI = 0·01; 1·48) and inverse association with free triiodothyronine (β = −2·83 pg/ml 95 % CI = −5·56, −0·10). There were no associations between PAI and SBI with the REE, insulin resistance, leptin and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thus, decreased SB is associated with thyroid hormones levels but not with REE, insulin resistance or leptin in women with obesity living in low-income regions.