bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the cooling potential of photoluminescent materials through evaluation of thermal and transmission loss mechanisms
Authors: Garshasbi Samira , Huang Shujuan , Valenta Jan , Santamouris Mat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhotoluminescent materials are advanced cutting-edge heat-rejecting materials capable of reemitting a part of the absorbed light through radiative/non-thermal recombination of excited electrons to their ground energy state. Photoluminescent materials have recently been developed and tested as advanced non-white heat-rejecting materials for urban heat mitigation application. Photoluminescent materials has shown promising cooling potential for urban heat mitigation application, but further developments should be made to achieve optimal photoluminescence cooling potential. In this paper, an advanced mathematical model is developed to explore the most efficient methods to enhance the photoluminescence cooling potential through estimation of contribution of non-radiative mechanisms. The non-radiative recombination mechanisms include: (1) Transmission loss and (2) Thermal losses including thermalization, quenching, and Stokes shift. The results on transmission and thermal loss mechanisms could be used for systems solely relying on photoluminescence cooling, while the thermal loss estimations can be helpful to minimize the non-radiative losses of both integrated photoluminescent-near infrared (NIR) reflective and stand-alone photoluminescent systems. As per our results, the transmission loss is higher than thermal loss in photoluminescent materials with an absorption edge wavelength (λAE) shorter than 794 nm and quantum yield (QY) of 50%. Our predictions show that thermalization loss overtakes quenching in photoluminescent materials with λAE longer than 834 nm and QY of 50%. The results also show that thermalization, quenching, and Stokes shift constitute around 56.8%, 35%, and 8.2% of the overall thermal loss. Results of this research can be used as a guide for the future research to enhance the photoluminescence cooling potential for urban heat mitigation application.
Cytosine and adenine deaminase base-editors induce broad and nonspecific changes in gene expression and splicing
Authors: Fan Jiao , Ding Yige , Ren Chao , Song Ziguo , Yuan Jie , Chen Qiuzhen , Du Chenchen , Li Chao , Wang Xiaolong , Shu Wenjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCytosine or adenine base editors (CBEs or ABEs) hold great promise in therapeutic applications because they enable the precise conversion of targeted base changes without generating of double-strand breaks. However, both CBEs and ABEs induce substantial off-target DNA editing, and extensive off-target RNA single nucleotide variations in transfected cells. Therefore, the potential effects of deaminases induced by DNA base editors are of great importance for their clinical applicability. Here, the transcriptome-wide deaminase effects on gene expression and splicing is examined. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential alternative splicing (DAS) events, induced by base editors, are identified. Both CBEs and ABEs generated thousands of DEGs and hundreds of DAS events. For engineered CBEs or ABEs, base editor-induced variants had little effect on the elimination of DEGs and DAS events. Interestingly, more DEGs and DAS events are observed as a result of over expressions of cytosine and adenine deaminases. This study reveals a previously overlooked aspect of deaminase effects in transcriptome-wide gene expression and splicing, and underscores the need to fully characterize such effects of deaminase enzymes in base editor platforms.
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces oxidative stress in human endothelial cells via NOX5 activation – implications in atherosclerosis
Authors: da Silva Josiane Fernandes , Alves Juliano V. , Silva-Neto Julio A. , Costa Rafael M. , Neves Karla B. , Alves-Lopes Rheure , Carmargo Livia L. , Rios Francisco J. , Montezano Augusto C. , Touyz Rhian M. , Tostes Rita C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: The mechanisms involved in NOX5 activation in atherosclerotic processes are not completely understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a proatherogenic component of oxLDL, induces endothelial calcium influx, which drives NOX5-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction. Approach: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were stimulated with LPC (10−5 M, for different time points). Pharmacological inhibition of NOX5 (Melittin, 10−7 M) and NOX5 gene silencing (siRNA) was used to determine the role of NOX5-dependent ROS production in endothelial oxidative stress induced by LPC. ROS production was determined by lucigenin assay and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR), calcium transients by Fluo4 fluorimetry, and NOX5 activity and protein expression by pharmacological assays and immunoblotting, respectively. Results: LPC increased ROS generation in endothelial cells at short (15 min) and long (4 h) stimulation times. LPC-induced ROS was abolished by a selective NOX5 inhibitor and by NOX5 siRNA. NOX1/4 dual inhibition and selective NOX1 inhibition only decreased ROS generation at 4 h. LPC increased HAEC intracellular calcium, important for NOX5 activation, and this was blocked by nifedipine and thapsigargin. Bapta-AM, selective Ca2+ chelator, prevented LPC-induced ROS production. NOX5 knockdown decreased LPC-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that NOX5, by mechanisms linked to increased intracellular calcium, is key to early LPC-induced endothelial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes. Since these are essential events in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, the present study highlights an important role for NOX5 in atherosclerosis.
Using Nonword Repetition to Identify Language Impairment in Bilingual Children: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Ortiz José A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Nonword repetition has been endorsed as a less biased method of assessment for children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, but there are currently no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on its use with bilingual children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of nonword repetition in the identification of language impairment (LI) in bilingual children.

Method
Using a key word search of peer-reviewed literature from several large electronic databases, as well as ancestral and forward searches, 13 studies were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Studies were evaluated on the basis of quality of evidence, design characteristics, and reported diagnostic accuracy. A meta-regression analysis, based on study results, was conducted to identify task characteristics that may be associated with better classification accuracy.

Results
Diagnostic accuracy across studies ranged from poor to good. Bilingual children with LI performed with more difficulty on nonword repetition tasks than those with typical language. Quasi-universal tasks, which account for the phonotactic constraints of multiple languages, exhibited better diagnostic accuracy and resulted in less misidentification of children with typical language than language-specific tasks.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that nonword repetition may be a useful tool in the assessment and screening of LI in bilingual children, though it should be used in conjunction with other measures. Quasi-universal tasks demonstrate the potential to further reduce assessment bias, but extant research is limited.
J-PLUS: A first glimpse at the spectrophotometry of asteroids
Authors: Morate David , Marcio Carvano Jorge , Alvarez-Candal Alvaro , De Prá Mário , Licandro Javier , Galarza Andrés , Mahlke Max , Solano-Márquez Enrique , Cenarro Javier , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Moles Mariano , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor , Alcaniz Jailson , Dupke Renato , Ederoclite Alessandro , Sodré Laerte , Angulo Raul E. , Jiménez-Esteban Francisco M. , Siffert Beatriz B. ,   J-PLUS Collaboration
Published: July 2021

Context. The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) is an observational campaign that aims to obtain photometry in 12 ultraviolet-visible filters (0.3−1 μm) over ∼8500 deg2 of the sky observable from Javalambre (Teruel, Spain). Due to its characteristics and observation strategy, this survey will allow a great number of Solar System small bodies to be analyzed, and with improved spectrophotometric resolution with respect to previous large-area photometric surveys in optical wavelengths.
Aims. The main goal of the present work is to present the first catalog of magnitudes and colors of minor bodies of the Solar System compiled using the first data release (DR1) of the J-PLUS observational campaign: the Moving Objects Observed from Javalambre (MOOJa) catalog.
Methods. Using the compiled photometric data we obtained very-low-resolution reflectance (photo)spectra of the asteroids. We first used a σ-clipping algorithm in order to remove outliers and clean the data. We then devised a method to select the optimal solar colors in the J-PLUS photometric system. These solar colors were computed using two different approaches: on one hand, we used different spectra of the Sun convolved with the filter transmissions of the J-PLUS system, and on the other, we selected a group of solar-type stars in the J-PLUS DR1 according to their computed stellar parameters. Finally, we used the solar colors to obtain the reflectance spectra of the asteroids.
Results. We present photometric data in the J-PLUS filters for a total of 3122 minor bodies (3666 before outlier removal), and we discuss the main issues with the data, as well as some guidelines to solve them.
Induced differential rotation and mixing in asynchronous binary stars
Authors: Koenigsberger G. , Moreno E. , Langer N. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Rotation contributes to internal mixing processes and observed variability in massive stars. A significant number of binary stars are not in strict synchronous rotation, including all eccentric systems. This leads to a tidally induced and time-variable differential rotation structure.
Aims. We present a method for exploring the rotation structure of asynchronously rotating binary stars.
Methods. The method consists of solving the equations of motion of a 3D grid of volume elements located above the rigidly rotating core of a binary star in the presence of gravitational, centrifugal, Coriolis, gas pressure and viscous forces to obtain the angular velocity as a function of the three spatial coordinates and time. The method is illustrated for a short period massive binary in a circular orbit and in an eccentric orbit.
Results. We find that for a fixed set of stellar and orbital parameters, the induced rotation structure and its temporal variability depend on the degree of departure from synchronicity. In eccentric systems, the structure changes over the orbital cycle with maximum amplitudes occurring potentially at orbital phases other than periastron passage. We discuss the possible role of the time-dependent tidal flows in enhancing the mixing efficiency and speculate that, in this context, slowly rotating asynchronous binaries could have more efficient mixing than the analogous more rapidly rotating but tidally locked systems. We find that some observed nitrogen abundances depend on the orbital inclination, which, if real, would imply an inhomogeneous chemical distribution over the stellar surface or that tidally induced spectral line variability, which is strongest near the equator, affects the abundance determinations. Our models predict that, neglecting other angular momentum transfer mechanisms, a pronounced initial differential rotation structure converges toward average uniform rotation on the viscous timescale.
Conclusions. A broader perspective of binary star structure, evolution and variability can be gleaned by taking into account the processes that are triggered by asynchronous rotation.
CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs
Authors: Perdelwitz V. , Mittag M. , Tal-Or L. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Caballero J. A. , Jeffers S. V. , Reiners A. , Schweitzer A. , Trifonov T. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Seifert W. , Cifuentes C. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Montes D. , Revilla D. , Skrzypinski S. L. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Radial-velocity (RV) jitter caused by stellar magnetic activity is an important factor in state-of-the-art exoplanet discovery surveys such as CARMENES. Stellar rotation, along with heterogeneities in the photosphere and chromosphere caused by activity, can result in false-positive planet detections. Hence, it is necessary to determine the stellar rotation period and compare it to any putative planetary RV signature. Long-term measurements of activity indicators such as the chromospheric emission in the Ca II H&K lines (RHK′) enable the identification of magnetic activity cycles.
Aims. In order to determine stellar rotation periods and study the long-term behavior of magnetic activity of the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO) sample, it is advantageous to extract RHK′ time series from archival data, since the CARMENES spectrograph does not cover the blue range of the stellar spectrum containing the Ca II H&K lines.
Methods. We have assembled a catalog of 11 634 archival spectra of 186 M dwarfs acquired by seven different instruments covering the Ca II H&K regime: ESPaDOnS, FEROS, HARPS, HIRES, NARVAL, TIGRE, and UVES. The relative chromospheric flux in these lines, RHK′, was directly extracted from the spectra by rectification with PHOENIX synthetic spectra via narrow passbands around the Ca II H&K line cores.
Results. The combination of archival spectra from various instruments results in time series for 186 stars from the CARMENES GTO sample. As an example of the use of the catalog, we report the tentative discovery of three previously unknown activity cycles of M dwarfs.
Conclusions. We conclude that the method of extracting $ R_{\mathrm{HK}}^\prime $
with the use of model spectra yields consistent results for different instruments and that the compilation of this catalog will enable the analysis of long-term activity time series for a large number of M dwarfs.
Ti I lines at 2.2 μm as probes of the cooler regions of sunspots
Authors: Smitha H. N. , Castellanos Durán J. S. , Solanki S. K. , Tiwari S. K. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The sunspot umbra harbours the coolest plasma on the solar surface due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. The atomic lines that are routinely used to observe the photosphere have weak signals in the umbra and are often swamped by molecular lines. This makes it harder to infer the properties of the umbra, especially in the darkest regions.
Aims. The lines of the Ti I multiplet at 2.2 μm are formed mainly at temperatures ≤4500 K and are not known to be affected by molecular blends in sunspots. Since the first systematic observations in the 1990s, these lines have been seldom observed due to the instrumental challenges involved at these longer wavelengths. We revisit these lines and investigate their formation in different solar features.
Methods. We synthesized the Ti I multiplet using a snapshot from 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a sunspot and explored the properties of two of its lines in comparison with two commonly used iron lines, at 6302.5 Å and 1.5648 μm.
Results. We find that the Ti I lines have stronger signals than the Fe I lines in both intensity and polarization in the sunspot umbra and in penumbral spines. They have little to no signal in the penumbral filaments and the quiet Sun, at μ = 1. Their strong and well-split profiles in the dark umbra are less affected by stray light. Consequently, inside the sunspot, it is easier to invert these lines and to infer the atmospheric properties as compared to the iron lines.
Conclusions. The Cryo-NIRSP instrument at the DKIST will provide the first-ever high-resolution observations in this wavelength range. In this preparatory study, we demonstrate the unique temperature and magnetic sensitivities of the Ti multiplet by probing the Sun’s coolest regions, which are not favourable for the formation of other commonly used spectral lines. We thus expect such observations to advance our understanding of sunspot properties.
Are microtargeted campaign messages more negative and diverse? An analysis of Facebook Ads in European election campaigns
Authors: López Ortega Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConcerns about the use of online political microtargeting (OPM) by campaigners have arisen since the Cambridge Analytica scandal hit the international political arena. In addition to providing conceptual clarity on OPM and explore the use of such techniques in Europe, this paper seeks to empirically disentangle the differing behaviours of campaigners when they message citizens through microtargeted rather than non-targeted campaigning. More precisely, I hypothesise that campaigners use negative campaigning and are more diverse in terms of topics when they use OPM. To investigate whether these expectations hold true, I use text-as-data techniques to analyse an original dataset of 4,091 political Facebook Ads during the last national elections in Austria, Italy, Germany and Sweden. Results show that while microtargeted ads might indeed be more thematically diverse, there does not seem to be a significant difference to non-microtargeted ads in terms of negativity. In conclusion, I discuss the implications of these findings for microtargeted campaigns and how future research could be conducted.
Teamwork in the viscous oceanic microscale
Authors: Kanso Eva A. , Lopes Rubens M. , Strickler J. Rudi , Dabiri John O. , Costello John H. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Nutrient acquisition is a challenge that often favors small individual phytoplanktors because they are superior competitors at low nutrient levels. An alternative to these individual solutions is the union of different species into consortia that rely upon division of labor for competitive advantage. Although planktonic epibionts are well documented, the advantages of consortia for the larger host cells have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that attached ciliates dramatically increase the flux of dissolved nutrients to host phytoplankton cells, providing the necessary conditions for large diatoms to thrive in oligotrophic ecosystems. This demonstrates that unions between different species can substantially increase rates of nutrient flow to host cells and provides an alternative to sinking for protists living in low-nutrient conditions.
Altered sense of self during seizures in the posteromedial cortex
Authors: Parvizi Josef , Braga Rodrigo M. , Kucyi Aaron , Veit Mike J. , Pinheiro-Chagas Pedro , Perry Claire , Sava-Segal Clara , Zeineh Michael , van Staalduinen Eric Klaas , Henderson Jaimie M. , Markert Matthew 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceIn this manuscript, we report a rare case of a patient with localized seizures originating from the right anterior and dorsal posteromedial cortex (PMC). We mapped the electrophysiological and neuroimaging connectivity of the ictal onset site and replicated seizure auras by stimulating the homotopical PMC site in the left hemisphere. Our findings provide a causal link between PMC and the sense of self and provide unique clues about the pathophysiology of self-dissociation in neuropsychiatric conditions.
La traduction de titres de films
Authors: Ljepavić Danijela 
Published: July 2021

Résumé
Cet article part du constat que le processus de traduction des titres de films ne diffère pas beaucoup de ce que l’ont fait lors de la traduction des autres expressions de la langue, du moins en ce qui concerne les opérations mentales qui sont dans l’esprit du traducteur. Ce qui est différent, c’est l’approche même de la traduction, où un accent particulier est mis sur les aspects stylistiques et pragmatiques. Les simples équivalents lexicaux ne suffisent pas. Ici on parle de la culture, des associations de termes, souvent dans une visée persuasive. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer quelles sont les procédures et la finalité d’une traduction d’un titre de film.
Disarming as a tactic of resistance in Pink Dot
Authors: Mano Pavan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pink Dot is an annual rally in support of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) people in Singapore. In a country
where many prefer to avoid overt displays of dissent, Pink Dot has gained significant popular support. In this article, I explore how it has
done so. Through a close multimodal analysis focusing on the use of colour, layout, and typography in a Pink Dot 2017 flyer, I demonstrate
how these features work together in the Singaporean context to realize meanings of positivity, warmth, and inclusivity whilst simultaneously
de-emphasizing notions of claiming rights. I argue Pink Dot discursively attenuates the potentially discordant elements of its message and
marshals this apparent neutrality to gather support for its ostensibly depoliticized message – a process that I term disarming. It is an
assimilationist strategy deliberately made for Singapore’s particular sociopolitical context and it has proven effective in securing mass
popular support amongst Singaporeans.
A review of the Afrotropical sand tampan,
Ornithodoros savignyi
: a complex species
Authors: Charles Roxanne Albertha , Basu Asoke Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The sand tampan,
Ornithodoros savignyi
(Audouin, 1827), is an economically important soft tick of the Afrotropics parasitising a wide range of livestock and humans. These ticks are known to inflict painful bites which may be fatal in susceptible hosts. Historically thought to be a single species,
Ornithodoros savignyi
is now considered to be a complex of four tick subspecies based on molecular and morphological studies. They include
Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) kalahariensis, O. (O.) pavimentosus
,
O. (O.) noorsveldensis
and
O. (O.) savignyi
. As such there may be significant implications for previous biological studies conducted on this tick. Therefore, for the purposes of this review, sand tampan toxicosis and potentially useful biological molecules have been discussed for
O. (O.) savignyi
sensu lato since most reported work was based on ticks collected from the Kalahari and Lake Chad region. An overview of the host range and vector biology for the
O. (O.) savignyi
species complex will also be examined.
Galilean relativity for Brownian dynamics and energetics
Authors: Li Minghao , Sentissi Oussama , Azzini Stefano , Genet Cyriaque 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study experimentally the impact of inertial reference frame changes on overdamped Brownian motion. The reference frame changes are implemented by inducing, with a laser, laminar convection flows in a column of fluid where Brownian microspheres are dispersed. The convection flow plays the role of the relative velocity between the laboratory and the fluid comoving frames, and enables us to analyse the consequences of Galilean transformations on Brownian diffusion. We verify in particular how the Brownian dynamics remains ‘weakly’ Galilean invariant, in agreement with recent discussions Cairoli et
al (2018 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
115 5714). We also carefully look at the consequences of Galilean relativity on the Brownian energetics. This leads us to derive a Galilean invariant expression of the stochastic thermodynamic first law, consistent with existing theoretical results Speck et
al (2008 Phys. Rev. Lett.
100 178302). We finally discuss a potential ambiguity of the Galilean relativistic features of diffusive systems that has obvious practical implications in the context of force measurements in external flows.