bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Indian Traditional Sweet ‘Laddoo’ Supplemented with Germinated Pumpkin Seed Flour
Authors: Kumari Neeta , Sindhu Sangeeta C. , Rani Varsha , Kumari Varsha 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The study was planned to evaluate Indian traditional sweet ‘Laddoo’ supplemented with germinated pumpkin seed flour.
Study Design: The traditional recipe was supplemented by replacing the whole wheat flour and bengalgram flour with 10, 20 and 30% of germinated pumpkin seed flour. The developed products were subjected to organoleptic and nutritional evaluation. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Department of Foods & Nutrition and was part of doctoral research work carried out between 2017-19.
Methodology: Sensory evaluation of developed products was carried out using 9-point hedonic scale. The samples were further analysed for moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber, total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, total and available minerals using standard methods.
Results: The supplementation resulted in a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber while total carbohydrates decreased. The supplemented product had crude protein ranging from 19.39-25.59 g; crude fibre 2.21 -3.24 g and ash 5.70-8.19 g/100 g at different levels of incorporation as against 16.53, 1,64 and 3.66 g/100 g respectively in control product. Significant increase was observed in mineral content also. The supplemented products had calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus ranging from 63.47-95.46, 132.63-133.58, 3.58-7.51, 6.49-11.33, 639.53-884.34 and 343.32-356.63 mg/100 g on dry matter basis. The developed products were acceptable to judges.
Conclusion: Incorporation of germinated pumpkin seed flour significantly (P≤0.05) improved the nutrient and mineral profile of whole wheat flour Bengal flour Laddoo. Such developed products can be very useful in combating the macronutrient and micronutrients deficiency problem in population of all age groups.
An Evaluative Study on Metallic Concentration in Different Ground and Industrial Water Sources in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Denkok Y. , Adesina O. , Gurumtet I. , Kopdora S. W. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The present study investigated the concentrations and human health risk of certain metallic elements like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) in ground water, wells, mining ponds and industrial effluent in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria.
Study Design: The work is descriptive.
Place and Duration of Studies: Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos: October 2020-December 2020.
Methodology: Water samples were obtained from our study areas and carefully filtered using Whatman filter paper into a 250ml conical flask to obtain a clear filtrate. The pH of the filtrate was determined using pH meter 3510. Heavy metal determination was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after digestion of water samples with 5% nitric acid (HNO3).
Results: Results obtained indicated that mining ponds, ground water, industrial effluents as well as factory-based sachet water, all contained Pb(1.320 to 1.440 mg/l),Cr(-0.0046 to 0.318 mg/l), Cd(1.320 to 1.440 mg/l), Zn(-0.0.106 to 0.5327 mg/l), Cu(0.4359 to 0.7838 mg/l), Mg(5.789 to 22.830 mg/l), Ca(15.241 to 19.706 mg/l) at a concentration that is significantly (P= 0.05) higher compared to the WHO allowable concentrations for drinking water which could be attributed to inadequate scientific method used in the processing of water and also chemical materials used for bagging and bottling the water for market supply.
Conclusion: Metallic contaminants are inevitable components of water from our study area and packaging materials for supply of bottle water are themselves a major risk factor and alternative source of metallic contaminant leaching into factory based sachet water.
Childhood Cancers in a Tertiary Centre, Southern Nigeria: Spectrum and Outcome of Treatment
Authors: Eke G. K. , Ugwueze N. , Akani N. A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Though childhood cancers are often amenable to cure even with simple and safe protocols, survival rate is still very low in many low- and middle-income countries where nearly 80% of children with cancer reside.
Objective: To ascertain the pattern and outcome of treatment of childhood cancers in a tertiary centre in southern Nigeria.
Methodology: All cases of childhood cancer admitted into the Paediatric Oncology unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 2011 to November 2019 were reviewed. Their demographics, diagnosis, treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: A total of 266 cases were analysed: 151(56.8%) males and 115(43.2%) females, with M:F ratio of 1.3:1, aged 1 month to 14 years. Majority (44.7%) were in the 1-4 years age bracket. The majority of children who presented more than 20 weeks after onset of symptoms had retinoblastoma. The most common cancers were acute leukaemias (23%), nephroblastoma (22.1%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (11.6%). Many subjects abandoned treatment (44.4%), and mortality was recorded in 45.1% of the study population.
Conclusion: The distribution of the childhood cancers in this study is similar with report of the population based Port Harcourt Cancer Registry, with acute leukaemias, nephroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma as most common malignancies encountered. Rates of abandonment of treatment and mortality were high.
Characterizing the Remanufacturability of Engineering Systems
Authors: Amezquita Tony , Hammond Rick , Salazar Marc , Bras Bert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A growing concern about the environment, and especially about waste and landfill, has spurred research into the design of more environmentally benign products. A dramatic reduction in environmental impact can be made by product remanufacturing in which, in contrast to material recycling, the geometrical form of the product is retained and its associated economical and environmental value preserved. Our long term goal is to postulate and validate design metrics which effectively and efficiently measure the remanufacturability of given designs. The principal goal in this paper is to identify design characteristics which facilitate remanufacturing. This is accomplished by addressing the principal driving factors for remanufacturing, as well as identifying existing remanufacturing guidelines, philosophies, and practices. This information is leveraged and evaluated by investigating the remanufacturability of a product which is not currently remanufactured — an automobile door. From this, some illustrative design changes which increase the remanufacturability of the automobile door are proposed.
A Parallel, Four Degree-of-Freedom Robotic Wrist
Authors: Salerno Robert J. , Canfield Stephen L. , Ganino Anthony J. , Reinholtz Charles F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Kinematic considerations are presented for a parallel, four degree-of-freedom robot wrist resembling the Clemens coupling, a constant-velocity joint first described in his 1872 patent. In its new form as a wrist, this device provides general orientational mobility as well as axial displacement through a plunge motion. A possibly more important hybrid of this wrist is identified as an artificially constrained, spherical, three degree-of-freedom pitchyaw-roll wrist that can easily be derived from this new concept. Because of its parallel architecture, the new wrist design displays favorable attributes including high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, a large workspace, and an open center construction. Closed-form forward and inverse kinematics of the wrist are derived for both the three and four degree-of-freedom configurations, thereby making it a likely candidate for real-time control. Workspace plots are also presented that demonstrate the dexterity of the proposed wrist.
A Combined Steady-State/Transient Approach to Study Very Large Amplitude Ship Rolling
Authors: Falzarano J. , Kota R. , Esparza I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For ships, rolling motion is the most critical due to the possibility of capsizing. In a regular (periodic) sea, if no bounded steady state solutions exist, then capsizing may be imminent. Determining for exactly which wave amplitude and frequency the steady-state solutions disappear or become unstable is of great practical importance.
In previous works (Falzarano, Esparza, and Taz Ul Mulk, 1994) and abstracted presentations (Falzarano, 1993), the global transient dynamics of large amplitude ship rolling motion was studied. The effect on the steady-state solutions of changing wave frequency for a fixed wave amplitudes was studied. It was shown how the in-phase and out-of-phase solutions evolve as the frequency passes through the linear natural frequency. For small wave amplitudes (external forcing) there exists a single steady-state throughout the frequency range, for moderate wave amplitudes there exists a frequency range where multiple steady state harmonic solutions exists. As the wave amplitude was increased further there existed a frequency range where no steady-state harmonic solution existed.
In the present work, the very large amplitude ship rolling motion in the region where no steady-state solutions exist will be studied in more detail. Moreover, the mechanisms (bifurcations) that cause this type of behavior to evolve from more simple behavior will be studied using a combination of both frequency response curves and Poincaré maps. It is expected that global chaotic bifurcations such as those previously described (e.g., Thompson and Stewart, 1989) will be identified.
Improved Results in Structural Dynamic Calculations by Linking Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA)
Authors: Gabbert Ulrich , Zehn Manfred , Wahl Friedrich 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with improvements of accuracy of structural dynamic calculations by using both the advantages of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA). The basis for such improvements are reasonable mechanical and numerical models and accurate frequency response measurements (eigenfrequencies and mode shapes). The paper deals first with reasons for and estimations of errors in numerical and experimental analysis. It can be shown by theory and experiment that neither FEA nor EMA models are unique, due to inevitable incompleteness of the mode shapes and eigenfrequencies from a vibration test. Verification and updating of FE models by linking FEA with EMA are discussed in the paper and mainly focussed on FE models with a large number of degrees of freedom. Hence an update method has been introduced, which leads to an improved model in a relatively small quantity of computer time. It can be shown, that based on measured eigenfrequencies and calculated eigenvectors, an updating of FE-models for real engineering problems, by changing the mass matrix only, is a very efficient procedure with a surprisingly good quality updated model.
Lipid hydrolysis monitoring in wastewater treatment: proof-of-concept for a high throughput vegetable oil emulsion based assay
Authors: Van Gaelen P. , Springael D. , Smets I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lipids are one of the main organic components in industrial and municipal wastewaters. Lipid hydrolysis is the first step in the biological conversion process and requires a close contact between lipid emulsion droplets and microbial hydrolytic enzymes. Adequate lipid hydrolysis monitoring is crucial to obtain mechanistic knowledge on lipid hydrolysis in response to changes in the process conditions and to improve the overall lipid conversion efficiency in aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. We set out to develop a high-throughput lipid hydrolysis monitoring method based on vegetable oil model substrates and fluorescent quantification of product formation by exploiting the interaction with Rhodamine B. Olive oil and soybean oil emulsions were prepared with a high interfacial area and acceptable emulsion stability. The method was easy to apply and allowed to obtain detailed kinetic data over a time course of several hours for up to 16 samples in parallel. A proof-of-concept was obtained with a commercial enzyme, Amano lipase, but remains to be provided for wastewater treatment sludge samples. The findings of this study pave the way for further method development in lipid hydrolysis monitoring.
Evidence for seed vigor associated with fatty acids and its composition in rice
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Wu Bangkui , Zhang Qianxia , Jia Liangquan , Qi Hengnian , Zhao Guangwu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough fatty acids (FAs) adversely influence seed vigor in general, knowledge is limited about effects of FAs and its composition on seed vigor of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, seed vigor parameters, FA, and its composition contents of different rice varieties were measured to determine their intrinsic relationships. There were significant differences in germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), field emergence rate (FER), and FA and its composition contents among different varieties in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, the results of correlation analysis in both years showed that FA content was significantly negatively associated with GP (r = −.66** and r = −.69**, respectively), GR (r = −.72** and r = −.87**, respectively), and FER (r = −.51* and r = −.51*, respectively). Interestingly, the contents of palmitate acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) in both years were significantly negatively related to seed vigor (r = −.43* to −.77**). Moreover, the results of principal component analysis showed that palmitate acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were main contributions in the first principal component for conventional japonica rice while in the second principal component for hybrid indica rice. These results suggest that medium‐chain FAs account for the decrease of seed vigor. Our study provides an important parameter for seed vigor testing and an early warning sign for seed storage of rice.
Prenatal management of fetal goiter alternating between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in a mother with Graves’ disease
Authors: Didier‐Mathon Hortense , Bouchghoul Hanane , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Young Jacques , Luton Dominique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a rare documented case with consecutive hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism during fetal life. First, hypothyroidism was due to transplacental passage of antithyroid drugs. After the mother's thyroidectomy, fetal hyperthyroidism was due to transplacental passage of persistent anti‐thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Fetal goiter disappeared after adjusting maternal treatment.
Design and development of a rotating heater pyrolysis reactor
Authors: Porat Ariel , Careaga Francisco S. , Briens Lauren , Briens Cedric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiochar is a valuable product of pyrolysis. A new rotating heater pyrolysis reactor (RHP) was developed to process a variety of biomass feedstocks of up to 30 L and produce biochar batches of several kilograms. The RHP design was simple, allowing for easy construction, low‐cost operation, and low energy consumption. Biochar produced from softwood woodchip biomass in the RHP for 2–3 h was determined to have physical and chemical properties comparable to biochar produced from a conventional batch pyrolysis reactor at temperatures between 375–425°C.
Evolutionary history of the oriental fire‐bellied toad (Bombina orientalis) in Northeast China
Authors: Yu Liqun , Zhao Shuai , Shi Yanshuang , Meng Fanbing , Xu Chunzhu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe evolutionary history of a species is generally affected by the combination of geological events and climate fluctuations. By analyzing the population features, genetic structure and the effective population historical dynamics of existing species, the population evolutionary history can be reestablished. In recent years, geological evidence shows that the Yilan–Yitong fault zone located in Northeast Asia experienced strong and frequent geological changes in the late Quaternary period. Species population history has been shaped by the combination of the complex climatic conditions of the Quaternary and Pleistocene glacial interglacial cycles and palaeogeological events in Northeast Asia and it has become a research focus for evolutionary biology researchers. In this study, mitochondrial and microsatellite molecular markers were used to reveal the population features, genetic structure, and the effective population historical dynamics of the Oriental fire‐bellied toad (Bombina orientalis). The results showed that the strong seismic activity of the Yilan–Yitong fault zone in the late Quaternary period was the main reason for the population differentiation of Oriental fire‐bellied toad in northeast China. The Quaternary Pleistocene glacial interglacial cycles led to the significant bottleneck effect of the western population located in the Maoer mountain area. As a result, the western population has low genetic diversity. Recent gene flow between eastern and western populations and historical evidence of population expansion proved that the dispersal behavior of the western populations was the main cause of the low genetic diversity and mitochondrial and nuclear discordance. Human economic activity may be the mainly driving factor. These evidences showed that the comprehensive influence of geology, climate, human activities and other factors should be considered in the process of exploring the evolutionary history of species.
Evaluation of training in guideline‐oriented biopsychosocial management of low back pain in occupational health services: Protocol of a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Karppinen Jaro , Simula Anna Sofia , Holopainen Riikka , Lausmaa Mikko , Remes Jouko , Paukkunen Maija , Ussing Kasper , Booth Neill , Ryynänen Katja , Koski Tomi , Abbott Allan , Öberg Birgitta , Linton Steven J. , Smith Anne , O'Sullivan Peter , Malmivaara Antti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo prevent low back pain (LBP) from developing into a prolonged disabling condition, clinical guidelines advocate early stage assessment, risk‐screening, and tailored interventions. Occupational health services recommend guideline‐oriented biopsychosocial screening and individualized assessment and management. However, it is not known whether training a limited number of health care professionals improves the management process. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether training in the biopsychosocial practice model is effective in reducing disability. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate health‐economic impacts of the training intervention in comparison to usual medical care.MethodsThe occupational health service units will be allocated into a training or control arm in a two‐arm cluster randomized controlled design. The training of occupational physiotherapists and physicians will include the assessment of pain‐related psychosocial factors using the STarT Back Tool and the short version of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire, the use of an evidence‐based patient education booklet as part of the management of LBP, and tailored individualized management of LBP according to risk stratification. The control units will receive no training. The study population will include patients aged 18–65 with nonspecific LBP. The primary outcome is a patient‐reported Oswestry Disability Index from baseline to 12 months. By estimating group differences over time, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the training intervention in comparison to usual medical care, and to undertake an economic evaluation using individual patients' health care records (participant‐level data) and the participating units' registries (cluster‐level data). In addition, through interviews and questionnaires, we will explore the health care professionals' conceptions of the adoption of, the barriers to, and the facilitators of the implementation of the practice model.DiscussionThe evaluation of training in the guideline‐oriented biopsychosocial management of LBP in occupational health services is justified because LBP represents an enormous burden in terms of work disability.
An association between subcutaneous fat mass accumulation and hypertension
Authors: Goto Kento , Yokokawa Hirohide , Fukuda Hiroshi , Saita Mizue , Hamada Chieko , Hisaoka Teruhiko , Naito Toshio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvidence to assess relationships between subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and lifestyle‐related diseases, including hypertension, remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SFA and hypertension.This study was a single‐institution, cross‐sectional study of 1,899 eligible Japanese participants who underwent health checkups between December 2016 and December 2018. All patients were measured for SFA and visceral fat area (VFA) by abdominal computed tomography (CT). SFA was divided into quartiles by gender, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate associations between SFA quartiles (Q) and hypertension.Mean age and SFA were 60.9 9 (standard devastation [SD]:12.0) years and 123.0 (56.9) cm2 in men, and 60.6 (12.8) years and 146.6 (79.0) cm2 in women, respectively. Risk of hypertension from multivariate regression modeling compared with the lowest quartile (Q) in both sexes was as follows: for men Q2 [odds ratio (OR), 1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55‐1.51 ], Q3 (OR, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.17‐2.56), and Q4 (OR, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.31‐2.94); for women Q2 (OR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.48‐1.58), Q3 (OR, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.02‐2.95), and Q4 (OR, 2.54; 95%CI, 1.51‐4.28). The optimal SFA cutoff value at risk of hypertension was 114.7 cm2 in men and 169.3 cm2 in women.The prevalence of hypertension was positively associated with SFA quartiles in both genders. The present results may indicate the necessity of considering not only VFA, but also SFA for the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.