bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose response of biochar and wood vinegar on in vitro batch culture ruminal fermentation using contrasting feed substrates
Authors: O’Reilly Grace Celia , Huo Yuxin , Meale Sarah Jade , Chaves Alex V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Within Australia, approximately 6.4% of total greenhouse gas emissions are from animal methane (CH4) derived from enteric fermentation. Mitigation of ruminant CH4 is a key concept in support of sustainable agriculture production; dietary manipulations a viable strategy to lower CH4 release during enteric fermentation. In order to determine the effects of dose response of biochar and wood vinegar supplementation on fermentation parameters and CH4 production, this study utilized in vitro batch culture incubations. It is hypothesized that the addition of either biochar or wood vinegar will successfully reduce enteric CH4 emissions without negative modification of other fermentation parameters. Three feed substrates (vegetable mixed ration, maize silage, and winter pasture) were separated into treatments containing either biochar at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% DM replacing substrate (w/w basis), or wood vinegar at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% into incubation media volume (v/v). At 6, 12, and 24 hours after inoculation, total gas volume, and methane (CH4 %) were measured. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, media pH, and in vitro dry matter digestibility were measured at 24 hours. Biochar at various dosages had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on fermentation characteristics other than decreased in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD; P = 0.01) at 2% and 4% (DM basis) inclusion. Similar to biochar, dose response of wood vinegar had no effect on in vitro fermentation characteristics. However, feed substrate had major effects on all fermentation parameters (P = 0.01) where winter pasture &gt; vegetable mixed ration &gt; maize silage for all recorded fermentation characteristics. Biochar and wood vinegar supplementation were ineffectual in mitigating CH4 production or modifying fermentation characteristics, thus rejecting the initial hypothesis. These results suggest the use of biochar is not an effective tool for methane mitigation in ruminant livestock and infers that studies previously reporting success must better define the systemic mechanisms responsible for the reduction in CH4.
Discharge Disposition and Clinical Outcomes After Spine Surgery
Authors: Minetos Paul D. , Canseco Jose A. , Karamian Brian A. , Bowles Daniel R. , Bhatt Amy H. , Semenza Nicholas C. , Murphy Hamadi , Kaye I. David , Woods Barrett I. , Rihn Jeffrey A. , Kurd Mark F. , Anderson D. Greg , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Spinal decompression with or without fusion is one of the most commonly performed procedures in spine surgery. However, there is limited evidence on the effect of discharge environment on outcomes after surgery. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of discharge disposition setting on clinical outcomes after spine surgery.

Methods:
Patients who underwent lumbar decompression, lumbar decompression and fusion, or posterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery were retrospectively identified. All clinical and demographic data were obtained from electronic health records. Surgical outcomes included wound complications, revision surgery, “30-day” readmission (0–30 d), and “90-day” readmission (31–90 d). Discharge disposition was stratified into home/self-care, acute inpatient rehabilitation, and subacute rehabilitation. Patient-reported outcome measures including VAS Back, VAS Leg, VAS Neck, VAS Arm, PCS-12 and MCS-12, ODI, and NDI were compared between patient discharge disposition settings using the Mann–Whitney U test. Pearson’s chi-square analysis was used to assess for differences in wound complications, revision surgery, 30-day readmission, or 90-day readmission rates. Multivariate logistic regression incorporating age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and discharge disposition was used to determine independent predictors of wound complications.

Results:
A total of 637 patients were included in the study. A significant difference (P = 0.03) was found in wound complication based on discharge disposition, with subacute disposition having the highest proportion of wound complications (6.1%) and home disposition having the lowest (1.5%). There were no significant differences in the rates of revision surgery, 30-day readmission, or 90-day readmission between groups. Subacute rehabilitation (odds ratio: 3.67, P = 0.047) and CCI (odds ratio 1.49, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of wound complications. Significant improvement in PROMs was seen across all postacute discharge dispositions. Baseline (P = 0.02) and postoperative (P = 0.02) ODI were significantly higher among patients discharged to an acute facility (49.4 and 32.0, respectively) compared to home (42.2 and 20.0) or subacute (47.4 and 28.4) environments.

Conclusion:
Subacute rehabilitation disposition and CCI are independent predictors of wound complications after spinal decompression surgery. Patients undergoing spine surgery have similar readmission and revision rates and experience similar clinical improvement across all postacute discharge dispositions.
CE: Assessing Back Pain in Patients Presenting to the ED
Authors: Carman Margaret J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:
Although back pain is common, most often benign, and generally resolves in a few days with self-care, nonspecific low back pain that does not resolve with self-care and prompts patients to seek treatment in an ED may result from a serious underlying pathology. In this article, the first in a series on clinical red flags—indicators that can be used in the clinical setting to screen for an elevated risk of severe underlying conditions—the author considers back pain manifestations that may signal the presence of a debilitating or even fatal disease process. Detecting such red flags and communicating their presence to the attending provider can facilitate appropriate diagnosis and management.
Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA Abhd11os Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Liu Xuelan , Hua Ying , Hu Manman , Wu Kaiyuan , Zhao Liyun , Xuan Maozheng , Li Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Long noncoding RNA is one potential target for the treatment of various disorders. Here, we explored the role of Abhd11os in ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury, and preliminarily explored the regulatory mechanisms. Relative Abhd11os expression level was examined by qRT-PCR. Western blot was done to measure the expression of apoptotic-related proteins. Cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. ELISA assay was used to ensure the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and cardiac troponin I in serum. Besides, the infarct sizes were confirmed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans blue staining. Apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes in myocardial tissues was evaluated by TUNEL assay. Here, increased Abhd11os expression was found in rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) model and hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, our data in vitro showed that upregulation of Abhd11os inhibited proliferation of cardiomyocytes, but promoted cell apoptosis. In animal experiments, myocardial infarct size in MIRI rats was reduced by Abhd11os knockdown. Moreover, downregulation of Abhd11os inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Overall, our results revealed that knockdown of Abhd11os could notably attenuate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial injury through suppressing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. These data suggest that Abhd11os may be a potential target for MIRI therapy.
Analytical validation of a laboratory-development multigene pharmacogenetic assay
Authors: Rosas-Alonso Rocío , Queiruga Javier , Arias Pedro , del Monte Álvaro , Yuste Fernando , Rodríguez-Antolín Carlos , Losantos-Garcia Itsaso , Borobia Alberto M. , Rodríguez-Nóvoa Sonia 
Published: June 2021

Objective
The implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) in clinical practice is an essential tool for personalized medicine. However, clinical laboratories must validate their procedures before being used to perform PGx studies in patients, in order to confirm that they are adequate for the intended purposes.

Methods
We designed a validation process for our in-house pharmacogenetic PCR-based method assay.

Results
The concordance to reference, repeatability and reproducibility was 100%. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% for the detection of variant diplotypes in CYP2C9, CYP3A5, TPMT, DPYD and UGT1A1 genes. The sensitivity was lower in the detection of CYP2C19 variants due to a limitation in the design that prevents the detection of CYP2C19 *2/*10 diplotype.

Conclusions
The success of implementing clinical pharmacogenetic testing into routine clinical practice is dependent on the precision of genotyping. Limitations must be bearing in mind to guarantee the quality of PGx assays in clinical laboratory practice. We provided objective evidence that the necessary requirements in our laboratory-development assay were fulfilled.
C677T and A1298C MTHFR gene polymorphisms and response to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in Mestizo patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ramos-Esquivel Allan , Chinchilla-Monge Ricardo , Abbas Jad , Valle Marta 
Published: June 2021

Objective
To assess the association between C677T and A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and response to first-line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
A total of 68 patients were prospectively followed up in San Juan de Dios Hospital (San José, Costa Rica) from January 2019 to November 2020. Patients received first-line therapy with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan. Germline and somatic DNA was extracted from blood samples and paraffin-embedded tissue, respectively. Overall response rate (partial response + complete response) was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Cox regression models were performed to identify the effect of MTHFR C677T and A1298C SNPs on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (NCT registration number: 03852290).

Results
Patients harboring one or both T alleles of the MTHFR C677T SNP had better overall response than homozygous wild-type individuals [odds ratio (OR): 3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–9.81; P = 0.03]. No association was found between the MTHFR A1298C genotypes and overall response (OR: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.26–2.20; P = 0.60). Patients with the MTHFR 677 TT and CT genotypes had longer PFS than CC individuals (hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28–0.98; P = 0.045), even after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio: 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25–0.98; P = 0.04). We found no association between the MTHFR A1298C SNP and PFS (hazard ratio: 1.35; 95% CI, 0.72–2.55; P = 0.34). None of the SNPs was associated with OS.

Conclusion
Patients carrying at least one mutant allele of the MTHFR C677T SNP had a better overall response and longer PFS than wild-type homozygous patients.
Evaluation of an Online Course in 5 Languages for Inpatient Cardiac Care Providers on Promoting Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Heald Fiorella A. , de Araújo Pio Carolina Santiago , Liu Xia , Theurel Fernando Rivera , Pavy Bruno , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Evidence proves that health care providers should promote cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to patients face-to-face to increase CR enrollment. An online course was designed to promote this at the bedside; it is evaluated herein in terms of reach, effect on knowledge, attitudes, discussion self-efficacy and practices, and satisfaction.

Methods:
Design was observational, one-group pre- and post-test. Some demographics were requested from learners taking all language versions of the 20-min course: English, Portuguese, French, Spanish, and simplified Chinese, available at: https://globalcardiacrehab.com/CR-Utilization. Investigator-generated items in the pre- and post-test and evaluation survey administered using Google Forms were based on Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model.

Results:
The course was initiated by 522 learners from 33 of 203 (16%) countries; most commonly female (n = 341, 65%) nurses (n = 180, 34%) from high-income countries (n = 259, 57%) completing the English (n = 296, 57%) and Chinese (n = 108, 21%) versions. A total of 414 (79%) learners completed the post-test and 302 (58%) completed the evaluation. Median CR attitudes were 5 of 5 on the Likert scale at pre-test, suggesting some selection bias. Mean CR knowledge ([7.22 ± 2.14]/10), discussion self-efficacy ([3.86 ± 0.85]/5), and practice ([4.13 ± 1.11]/5) significantly improved after completion of the course (all P < .001). Satisfaction was high regardless of language version ([4.44 ± 0.64]/5; P = .593).

Conclusions:
This free, open-access course is effective in increasing CR knowledge, self-efficacy, and encouragement practices among participating inpatient cardiac providers, with high satisfaction. While testing impact on actual CR use is needed, it should be more broadly disseminated to increase reach, in an effort to increase patient enrollment in CR, to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Women Have Lower Mortality Than Men After Attending a Long-Term Medically Supervised Exercise Program
Authors: de Souza e Silva Christina Grüne , Nishijuka Fabio Akio , de Castro Claudia Lucia Barros , Franca João Felipe , Myers Jonathan , Laukkanen Jari Antero , de Araújo Claudio Gil Soares 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Medically supervised exercise programs (MSEPs) are equally recommended for men and women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aware of the lower CVD mortality in women, we hypothesized that among patients attending a MSEP, women would also have better survival.

Methods:
Data from men and women, who were enrolled in a MSEP between 1994 and 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Sessions included aerobic, resistance, flexibility and balance exercises, and cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed. Date and underlying cause of death were obtained. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression were used for survival analysis.

Results:
A total of 2236 participants (66% men, age range 33-85 yr) attended a median of 52 (18, 172) exercise sessions, and 23% died during 11 (6, 16) yr of follow-up. In both sexes, CVD was the leading cause of death (39%). Overall, women had a more favorable clinical profile and a longer survival compared to men (HR = 0.71: 95% CI, 0.58-0.85; P < .01). When considering those with coronary artery disease and similar clinical profile, although women had a lower percentage of sex- and age-predicted maximal oxygen uptake at baseline than men (58 vs 78%; P < .01), after adjusting for age, women still had a better long-term survival (HR = 0.68: 95% CI, 0.49-0.93; P = .02).

Conclusion:
Survival after attendance to a long-term MSEP was better among women, despite lower baseline cardiorespiratory fitness. Future studies should address whether men and women would similarly benefit when participating in an MSEP.
Psychometric Testing of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory Version 3.0
Authors: Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Fletcher Jason , Riegel Barbara 
Published: June 2021

In this updated Self-care of Hypertension Inventory Version 3.0 (SC-HI v3.0), items were added to better reflect the Theory of Self-care of Chronic Illness and revised based on recent research. The reorganized and expanded SC-HI now reflects the theoretical concepts of self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management.

Objective
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the SC-HI v3.0, we conducted exploratory factor analyses. Here, we report on its reliability and construct validity.

Methods
A sample of 200 adults with chronic hypertension completed a sociodemographic survey and the SC-HI v3.0. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on item sets using principal factor method for analyzing the correlation matrix. Reliability was calculated using common factor coefficient of determinacy for multidimensional scales, for which values greater than 0.80 are considered adequate.

Results
The sample was 83.4% non-Hispanic White; 56% were women, with a mean age of 62.2 ± 12.5 years. The self-care maintenance scale (mean, 75.9 ± 13.6) had adequate reliability (ρ = 0.81, 0.80) for a 2-dimensional model of self-care maintenance identified as autonomous and consultative behaviors. The new self-care monitoring scale (mean score, 58.5 ± 21.99) had a single-factor solution with very good reliability (ρ = 0.94). The self-care management scale (mean score, 64.5 ± 19.5) had a single-factor solution, with moderate to strong factor loadings (0.22–0.68) and acceptable reliability (ρ = 0.84).

Conclusions
Initial testing suggests that the SC-HI v3.0 is a sound measure of the essential elements of self-care for adults with chronic hypertension. With the new self-care monitoring scale, the SC-HI v3.0 is a valid reflection of the theory on which it is based.
Implementation of Patient Safety Structures and Processes in the Patient-Centered Medical Home
Authors: Oberlander Tyler , Scholle Sarah Hudson , Marsteller Jill , Barr Michael S. , Dy Sydney Morss 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Although most patient–clinician interactions occur in ambulatory care, little research has addressed measuring ambulatory patient safety or how primary care redesign such as the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) addresses patient safety. Our objectives were to identify PCMH standards relevant to patient safety, construct a measure of patient safety activity implementation, and examine differences in adoptions of these activities by practice and community characteristics. Using a consensus process, we selected elements among a widely adopted, nationally representative PCMH program representing activities that, according to a physician panel, represented patient safety overall and in four domains (diagnosis, treatment delays, medications, and communication and coordination) and generated a score for each. We then evaluated this score among 5,007 practices with the highest PCMH recognition level. Implementation of patient safety activities varied; the few military practices (2.4%) had the highest, and community clinics the lowest, patient safety score, both overall (82.0 and 72.0, respectively, p < .001) and across specific domains. Other practice and community characteristics were not associated with the patient safety score. Understanding better what factors are associated with implementation of patient safety activities may be a key step in improving ambulatory patient safety.
Mental Health Outcomes Among British Healthcare Workers—Lessons From the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Debski Maciej , Abdelaziz Hesham K. , Sanderson Jo , Wild Susan , Assaf Omar , Wiper Andrew , Nabi Amjad , Abdelrahman Amr , Eichhofer Jonas , Skailes Geraldine , Gardner Jim , Moynes Kevin , Goode Grahame , Pathan Tayeem , Patel Billal , Kumar Somnath , Taylor Rebecca , Galasko Gavin , More Ranjit , Chalil Shajil , Choudhury Tawfiq 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To ascertain the level of psychological distress, using validated psychology tools, among British National healthcare workers (HCW) during the first wave of the Covid-19 crisis.

Methods:
A multi-centre, anonymized, all-comer staff survey across 3 hospitals in Lancashire, England during the Covid-19 first wave (April to June 2020), consisting of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Impact of Events Scale (IES-6).

Results:
Among 1113 HCW, median (IQR) PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10, and IES-6 score was 7 (3 to 11), 6 (3 to 11), 19 (13 to 24), and 9 (5 to 14), respectively. Potential predictors of higher levels of psychological distress included living alone, disabled dependents, history of depression/anxiety, and being female.

Conclusions:
The study indicates a high prevalence of psychological distress during the acute Covid-19 period among HCW, identifies groups at risk and areas of future research.
Healthy Habits in Firefighters: Assessment in Shift Days Versus Days Off
Authors: López-Bermudo Lucía , Gómez-Landero Luis Arturo 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare dietary habits, sleep habits, and injury incidence between shift days and days off among Spanish firefighters.

Methods:
24-Hour dietary recalls, and sleep and injury questionnaires on both days were collected from 28 Sevillian professional firefighter, as well as anthropometric measurements and a physical activity questionnaire.

Results:
Firefighters consumed 433 more kilocalories (P < 0.001), 2.4% and 3.1% more kilocalories from fat and monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively (P < 0.05), had 3.7 times greater chance of being injured and slept 2 hours and 18 minutes less (P < 0.001) in their shift days. Higher body fat percentages were found in older and less active firefighters.

Conclusions:
Shift work appears to influence their dietary habits, injury incidence, and sleep habits, so measures to alleviate the consequences of shift work in firefighters should be taken.
Identifying an Optimal Cut-Off Point for Musculoskeletal Pain in the Upper Extremities to Prevent Lowered Work Performance
Authors: Kwon Suyoung , Lee Soo-Jeong , de Castro A.B. , Herting Jerald R. , Bao Stephen , Johnson Kurt 
Published: June 2021

Objective:This study identified when musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in the upper extremities indicates lowered work performance to gauge when secondary prevention of musculoskeletal disorders is needed.Methods:Seven hundred thirty-three subjects from 12 manufacturing or healthcare facilities in Washington state participated. Work performance was measured by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand work module (DASH-Work). Each DASH-Work score was compared to the mean among U.S. workers to determine if workers had lowered work performance. ROC curve analysis was conducted to find the cut-off in a composite MSP index (summing MSP intensities in shoulders, elbows/forearms, and hands/wrists; range 0 to 24) to detect lowered work performance.Results:The MSP index score of 2 achieved the best balance between sensitivity (0.79) and specificity (0.69) in detecting lowered work performance.Conclusions:To prevent reduced work performance, moderate or multisite pain may require proper management.