bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Response Framework for COVID-19 Pandemic Monitoring and Control in India
Authors: Hasan Iqbal , Rizvi SAM , Geelani Abid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is atypical in scale, perseverance, and geographical progression throughout the world in recent history. It is declared a public calamity in India wherein the Prime Minister’s Office is directly associated with every aspect of surveillance, control, and relief measures. This paper aims to present the digital response framework for management, surveillance, and control of the COVID-19 crisis across the country. The paper also presents technological adoption by various states and union territories and analysis of COVID cases in India. MethodsThe Ministry of Home Affairs and its various organizations such as the National Disaster Management Authority, and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare are managing various authoritative and administrative activities, and Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology through National Informatics Centre (NIC) are providing technological solution to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The NIC is playing a crucial role to develop and manage digital solutions for surveillance and control of COVID-19 in India. ResultsOn analysis of COVID-19 data of reported confirmed, recovered, and deceased cases across India in various states, it is observed that Maharashtra was most affected followed by Karnataka , Kerala , Delhi and other states. ConclusionThe technological solutions developed, implemented, managed by NIC making up the digital response framework for monitoring, surveillance, and control of COVID-19 are standard for India and proved to be effective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and are widely used in central, state, and local governing bodies.
PPM1H is Down-Regulated by ATF6 and Dephosphorylates p-RPS6KB1 to Inhibit Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xiaoshuang , Guo Jianting , Li Wei , Li Chunrui , Zhu Xilin , Liu Ying , Wu Xiaopan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Our previous studies found that polymorphism of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) was associated with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ATF6 promoted HCC progression. So genes down-regulated by ATF6 might play a tumor suppressing role. In present study, we aimed to identify downstream genes down-regulated by ATF6, and clarified its role in HCC progression.Methods: To determine the role of ATF6 on downstream gene expression, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed in HCC cells and liver specifically Atf6-knocked out mice. Tumor tissues from 134 HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Then, MTT, transwell and clone formation assays were performed in hepatoma cells. DEN/CCl4 induced HCC mouse model and nude mice tumorigenicity assay were conducted to investigate the effect of PPM1H on HCC tumorigenesis and development. 3D model of PPM1H was obtained by homology multi-template modeling, the potential substrates of PPM1H were screened by Rosetta and verified through co-immunoprecipitation, western blot and in vitro phosphatase assays.Results: The expression of Protein phosphatase magnesium or manganous dependent 1H (PPM1H) mRNA and protein can be inhibited by ATF6. PPM1H inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and clone formation of cancer cells. PPM1H inhibited induced HCC nodules formation and tumor xenograft growth in two mouse models. The protein docking energy of RPS6KB1 with PPM1H in the BMP/TGFβ pathway is the lowest, and PPM1H directly dephosphorylated p-RPS6KB1. PPM1H exhibited higher expression level in adjacent para-cancer tissues than in HCC tissues. Patients with higher expression of PPM1H indicated a better prognosis.Conclusions: We first discovered RPS6KB1 as a new PPM1H dephosphorylation substrate. PPM1H exhibited suppressive effect on the progression of HCC through dephosphorylating p-RPS6KB1. This might contribute to finding novel target for therapy of HCC.
A Sample of The Relationship Between The Non-Integrated Healthcare System And National Epidemic of Emergency Department Overcrowding In Turkey
Authors: Dundar Cihad , Yaylaoglu Seydanur Dal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of EDs has significantly increased, and a majority of this increase is attributed to non-urgent visits, which has negative impacts. We aim to explore the frequency of non-urgent emergency department (ED) visits and to identify risk factors for non-urgent ED visits. Methods: This retrospective, the record-based study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Samsun province of Turkey. The records of all adult patients who visited to the ED between January 1 and December 31, 2017, were included in this study. All emergency department visits were evaluated according to age, gender, time of visit, means of arrival, ICD diagnostic codes, and the number of repeated non-urgent ED visits. The number of ED visits was 87,528 for the year 2017. Results: The non-urgent emergency visit rate was 9.9%. According to binary logistic analysis, non-urgent visits were associated with young age (OR = 2.75), female gender (OR = 1.11) and non-ambulance transportation (OR = 9.86). The prevalence of non-emergent visits was very similar between weekends and weekdays but was significantly higher in work hours on weekdays than non-work hours (p<0.001). The most frequent diagnostic code was “Pain, unspecified” (R52) and the rate of repeated visits was 14.8% of non-urgent ED visits. Conclusions: Harmonization of various databases at the primary level in terms of design and connectivity and integration with hospital information systems will contribute to the identification of problems and the generation of solutions. The next step is establishing an integrated health care system that can benefit emergency care organizations in Turkey.
Efficacy of Quinine Plus Clindamycin Versus Artemether-Lumefantrine For The Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria In Kenyan Children (CLINDAQUINE): An Open-Label Randomised Trial
Authors: Obonyo Charles , Juma Elizabeth A. , Were Vincent O. , Ogutu Bernhards R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: World Health Organisation recommends quinine plus clindamycin as first-line treatment of malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy and as a second-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria when artemisinin-based drug combinations are not available. We compared the efficacy of quinine plus clindamycin with that of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children below 5 years of age. Methods: An open-label, phase 3, randomised trial was conducted in western Kenya. Children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated randomization list to receive 3 days of twice a day treatment with either oral quinine (20mg/kg/day) plus clindamycin (20mg/kg/day) or artemether-lumefantrine tablets (artemether 20mg, lumefantrine 120mg). The primary outcome was a PCR-corrected rate of adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) on day 28 in the per-protocol population. Results: A total of 384 children were enrolled and randomised, 192 to quinine plus clindamycin and 192 to artemether-lumefantrine. A total of 353 (92%) children were analysed. The PCR-corrected ACPR rate was 44.0% (80 children) in the quinine plus clindamycin group and 97.1% (166 children) in the artemether-lumefantrine group (treatment difference -53.1%, 95% CI -43.5% to -62.7%). At 72h after starting treatment, 50.3% (94 children) in the quinine plus clindamycin group were still parasitemic compared with 0.5% (1 child) in the artemether-lumefantrine group. Three serious adverse events occurred in the quinine plus clindamycin group. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the use of quinine plus clindamycin in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children under 5 years of age in Kenya, where artemether-lumefantrine is still effective. Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry, ACTR20129000419241.
Development and Validation A Prognostic Signature Based on Hypoxia-Related Gene for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang HongYang , Li Sijia , Li Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background.

We aimed to establish a model to predict the prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer based on differentially expressed hypoxia-related genes.
Methods.

By comparing the genes in TCGA database and hypoxiaDB database, we obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to hypoxia in thyroid cancer. Gene function enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. Univariate Cox regression were used to screen hypoxia-related genes with prognostic value. Subsequently, multivariate Cox analysis was used to determine prognostic markers based on thyroid cancer, a prognosis model based on these genes was established. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and The Harrell’s concordance indexes in the training set and the validation set were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Finally, we conducted univariate analyses of the prognostic value of clinical data (including risk scores) of thyroid cancer patients.
Results.

326 hypoxia-related thyroid cancer genes were found. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated they were mainly involved in regulating biological functions. 23 genes have been proved to be associated with the prognosis of thyroid cancer with univariate Cox regression, among them, 11 marker genes were used to construct a new prognosis model by multivariate Cox analysis. Accordingly, the system of risk scores was constructed, patients with high-risk scores (P < 0.005) had shorter overall survival than those with low-risk scores in the testing set and validation set. The AUC was used to quantify the survival of thyroid cancer patients in the two sets. Our univariate analysis of the prognostic value of clinical data (including risk score) of patients with thyroid cancer proved that our model was significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients.
Conclusions.

The model we established had excellent performance in the prognosis of thyroid cancer.
G-CSF: One of The Vehicles for Communication Between Trophoblasts and Macrophages, Which May Cause Problems in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Gao Peng , Liu Haiyi , Zha Ying , Wei Lijie , Zhou Xuan , Zhu Shenglan , Zhang Huiting , Gao Xuan , Jiang Yi , Chen YuTing , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Jingyi , Yu Jun , Wang Shaoshuai , Feng Ling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The etiology of about half of the patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unclear, and the imbalance of the immune inflammatory response at the mother-foetal interface may be one of the keys to the onset. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is thought to have a protective effect on pregnancy, and its absence may lead to pregnancy failure, but the evidence is scant. This study aims at investigating whether the loss of G-CSF induced RSA by affecting cell communication at the maternal-foetal interface.
Results
G-CSF was mainly expressed in villus rather than decidua, and the expression in RSA tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. Down-regulation of G-CSF in trophoblasts resulted in decreased cell activity. Trophoblast-derived exosomes inhibited macrophage activation, while G-CSF free exosomes did not. Intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF improved the pregnancy outcome of RSA mice, and the expression of G-CSF and its receptor at the mother-foetal interface also changed.
Conclusion
The expression of G-CSF was found to be decreased in villi of patients with RSA. The absence of G-CSF weakens the immune suppression of trophoblasts against macrophages, and the function of trophoblasts is impaired, which may be a key factor in the occurrence of RSA. G-CSF decreased the rate of abortion in RSA mice, and might provide some assistance in the treatment of patients with RSA.
PTBP3 Modulates of P53 Expression and Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation by Maintaining UBE4A mRNA Stability
Authors: Xie Canbin , Li Liang , Li Xiaorong , Ma Min , Long Fei , Lu Zhixing , Wu Runliu , Zhang Yi , Huang Lihua , Chou Jing , Gong Ni , Hu Gui , Lin Changwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy worldwide and has become the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3 (PTBP3) was recently reported to play a critical role in multiple cancers, and its molecular mechanisms involve RNA splicing, 3′ end processing and translation. However, the role of PTBP3 in CRC is unclear.
Methods
We analyzed the expression levels of PTPB3 using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and clinical tissues. The effect of PTBP3 on CRC cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry and tumor xenograft assays. A series of experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanisms by which PTBP3 promotes CRC proliferation.
Results
We showed that PTBP3 was upregulated in CRC and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown of PTBP3 in CRC cell lines restricted CRC proliferative capacities in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PTBP3 regulated the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitination factor E4A (UBE4A) by binding the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of its mRNA, thereby preventing its degradation. We also discovered that UBE4A participated in the degradation of P53, and knockdown of PTBP3 in CRC cell lines increased P53 expression. Overexpression of UBE4A rescued PTBP3 knockdown-induced inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and P53 expression.
Conclusions
PTBP3 plays an essential role in CRC cell proliferation by stabilizing UBE4A to regulate P53 expression and may serve as a new prognostic biomarker and effective therapeutic target for CRC.
Determinants of Long Acting Contraception Among Women Using Modern Contraception in Cameroon.
Authors: TOGUEM Michael Guy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In Cameroon, 23% of married women, 34% of sexually active single women have unmet needs for family planning and 58% of the reproductive age patients are not interested in family planning. While a long acting contraception such as intra uterine devise is known to be safe, highly effective, and cost effective; less than 1% of reproductive age women in Cameroon use a long acting reversible contraception. These contribute to Cameroon’s mother mortality rate of 600 per 100,000 live births. In this study, we tried to identify the determinants of use or none use of long acting contraception among Cameroonian women using a modern contraception so that they can be acted upon to improve long acting contraception use in cameroon.Methods: The study uses data from 2,231 women aged 15 to 49 years old, using a modern contraception and included in the demographic health survey of Cameroon 2018/19. Bivariate, then multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for the study outcome of short versus long term modern contraception. Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05.Results: Among women using a modern contraception in Cameroon, 45.4% were using a long acting contraception. The mean determinants for this were: increase age, being more than 10 people in the household, belonging to the poorer and middle economic quintiles, being insulted or made to feel bad sometimes by the husband or the partner. Conclusion: To improve the use of long acting contraception among women using a modern contraception in Cameroon, a special consideration should be given to women experiencing domestic violence without forgetting the other determinants.
Validity and Risk of Adopting PGA ≤ 2 As A Remission Criteria of Boolean in Clinical Practice in Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yoshii Ichiro , Chijiwa Tatsumi , Sawada Naoya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Validity and risk of setting patient’s global assessment (PGA) ≤ 2 as a Boolean remission criteria substituting PGA ≤ 1 in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigatedPatients were recruited from an area cohort, of whom attained Boolean remission (Boolean-1) or near remission with PGA ≤ 2 and the rest components were ≤ 1 (Boolean-2). Simplified disease activity index (SDAI) score was compared according to the criteria variations.A total of 517 patients were studied. Mean SDAI score of patients with Boolean-1 was significantly lower than that of patients with Boolean-2 at acquisition. The trend was evident in the patients who attained Boolean-1 remission. Mean SDAI score at acquisition, 6 months after, and 1 year after of patients who attained Boolean-2 first and then Boolean-1, was significantly inferior to that of patients who attained the remissions at the same time. The mean SDAI score at month 6 in the Boolean-2 was not SDAI remission at all.We concluded that setting PGA ≤ 2 as a remission criteria may not have statistical difference in disease activity from PGA ≤ 1, however, there was an determinant risk to misread that includes patient who losses clinical remission after acquisition.
The Essential Roles of Exosome and CircRNA_101093 to Desensitize Lung Adenocarcinoma to Ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xu Yunhua , Ma Lifang , Yu Keke , Niu Yongjie , Xu Xin , Shi Yi , Guo Susu , Xue Xiangfei , Wang Yikun , Qiu Shiyu , Cui Jiangtao , Wang Hong , Tian Xiaoting , Miao Yayou , Meng Fanyu , Qiao Yongxia , Yu Yongchun , Wang Jiayi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundResistance to ferroptosis, a regulated cell death caused by iron-dependent excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides has recently been linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most prevalent lung cancer subtype. Despite intracellular antioxidant system is required for protection against ferroptosis, whether and how extracellular system desensitizes LUAD cells to ferroptosis is incompletely known. MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting (IB) were used to analyze protein expression, and quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze mRNA level. Cell viability, cell death and the lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured to evaluate the responses to ferroptosis induction. Metabolites were measured using appropriate kits. Exosomes were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The localization of arachidonic acid (AA) was detected using click chemistry labeling followed by confocal microscope observation. Interaction between RNA and protein were detected using RNA-pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP). Proteomic analysis was used to investigate circRNA_101093 (cir93) regulated protein and metabolomic analysis was used to analyze metabolites that changed among LUAD tissues expressing low and high Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) levels. Cell-derived xenograft (CDX), patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and cell-implanted intrapulmonary LUAD mouse models and plasma/tissue specimens from LUAD patients were used to validate the mechanism that exosome and cir93 desensitized ferroptosis in LUAD. ResultsHere, the roles of exosome and circular RNA (circRNA) to desensitize LUAD cells to ferroptosis were investigated. Plasma exosome from LUAD patients exclusively reduced lipid peroxidation and desensitized ferroptosis. This might because exosomal-cir93 sustained an elevation of intracellular-cir93 in LUAD to modulate AA, a poly-unsaturated fatty acid that is critical for ferroptosis-associated over peroxidation in the plasma membrane. Mechanistically, cir93 interacted and lifted FABP3, which transported and facilitated AA reaction with taurine. Thus, global-AA was reduced while N-Arachidonoyl taurine (NAT), the product of AA and taurine, was induced. Notably, a role of NAT to suppress AA incorporation into plasma membrane was also revealed. In pre-clinical in vivo models, reducing exosome exhibited an improvement of ferroptosis-based treatment. ConclusionExosome and cir93 are essential for desensitizing LUAD cells to ferroptosis, and blocking exosome will be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
Determination of the Interaction and Pharmacological Modulation of MCHR1 Signaling by C Terminus of MRAP2 Protein
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhai Yue , Lei Xiaowei , Xu Jing , Jiang Bopei , Kuang Zhe , Fu Yanbin , Zhang Cong , Liu Shangyun , Bian Shan , Yang Xiao-Mei , Jin Li-Na , Li Qingfeng , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), an orexigenic neuropeptide, is primarily secreted by the hypothalamus and acts at its receptor, the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), to regulate energy homeostasis and body weight. The Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2 (MRAP2), a small single transmembrane protein broadly expressed in multiple tissues, has been defined as a vital endocrine pivot of five melanocortin receptors (MC1R-MC5R) and several other GPCRs in the regulation of central neuronal appetite and peripheral energy homeostasis. However, the regulatory and relationship between MCHR1 and MRAP2 is unknown.Results: In this study, we show that MRAP2 interacts with MCHR1 and suppresses MCHR1 signaling in vitro. We also identified the C-terminal domains of MRAP2 protein required for pharmacological modulation of intracellular Ca2+ cascades and membrane transport.Conclusions: These findings elucidated the broad regulatory profile of MRAP2 protein in the central nervous system and may provide implications for the modulation of central MCHR1 function in vivo.
Environmental and Performance Assessment of Fabricated Hydrophobic and Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabrics with Functional Integrated Graphene
Authors: Xu Jia , Zhi Yifan , Wei Sainan , Wei Yujuan , Chen Luyi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is a conflict between enhancing the functionality of products and reducing the environmental impact of manufacturing in the materials industry. Using green chemicals or adopting cleaner production processes can help overcome this conflict. However, researchers usually neglect the substitution effect when selecting green technology, namely, that investing more in chemical development decreases the resources used in cleaner process techniques. This study demonstrated this substitution effect in the modification of cotton fabrics. We fabricated hydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabrics with functional integrated graphene. It was found that these fabrics can be prepared in one step. As seen from an environmental assessment, applying functional integrated graphene can decrease the time required, reduce the energy consumption, and reduce the wastewater discharge. Based on the hydrophobicity-flame retardancy quadrant, we found that functional integrated graphene can improve the compatibility of different functionalities. On the other hand, compared to the use of commercial finishing agents, using functional integrated graphene can reduce organic discharge by up to 92%. This study demonstrates that using green chemicals can reduce pollution discharge and result in a cleaner production process. This study also provided atom economic ideas for green modification of cellulosic materials.