bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2021/31 Refusal to credit periods of prior employment with different employers infringes Article 45 TFEU (AT)
Authors: Zischka Stefan , Feistritzer Christina 
Published: November 2021

2021/31 Refusal to credit periods of prior employment with different employers infringes Article 45 TFEU (AT)
In its decision rendered on 29 September 2020, the Austrian Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof, ‘OGH’) ruled that periods of prior professional services completed with employers in the EU or the EEA other than the current employer must be taken into account for salary classifications to guarantee the freedom of movement of workers under Article 45 TFEU.
2021/32 Grand Chamber confirms no double punishment for illegal employment (SK)
Authors: Nitschneider Dušan , Valentová Danica 
Published: November 2021

2021/32 Grand Chamber confirms no double punishment for illegal employment (SK)
The Grand Chamber of the Slovakian Supreme Court has unanimously decided that employers cannot be penalised by two different agencies for one violation of employment law rules and that the ne bis in idem principle also applies to two administrative breaches of the law.
2021/33 Does the concept of personnel supply in the public sector violate the Temporary Agency Work Directive? (GE)
Authors: Traber Othmar K. 
Published: November 2021

2021/33 Does the concept of personnel supply in the public sector violate the Temporary Agency Work Directive? (GE)
In a decision of 16 June 2021 (6 AZR 390/20 (A)), the German Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, ‘BAG’) referred a question to the ECJ for a preliminary ruling that has been a controversial issue in Germany for some time. The question is whether the possibility of a permanent supply of temporary workers, which is referred to as ‘personnel supply’ (Personalgestellung) in the context of the collective agreement for the public sector, and the exemption from the scope of the German Temporary Employment Act (Arbeitnehmerüberlassungsgesetz, ‘AÜG’) pursuant to Section 1(3) No. 2b AÜG, which allows this provision in the collective agreement, violates the provisions of Directive 2008/104/EC on temporary agency work (the ‘Temporary Agency Work Directive’). Depending on the outcome of the ECJ’s decision, this could have a significant impact on staff leasing often practised in companies operating in the public sector.
2021/34 End of the Ryanair saga: a trade union victory with a bitter taste for the employees involved (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier 
Published: November 2021

2021/34 End of the Ryanair saga: a trade union victory with a bitter taste for the employees involved (BE)
Ryanair and Crewlink have finally been found in violation of Belgian mandatory provisions following the ruling of the ECJ in cases C-168/16 and C-169/16 (Nogueira and Others) and ordered to pay certain amounts to the employees involved by virtue of Belgian mandatory provisions. Yet, this trade union victory has a bitter taste for those employees, who were refused their main claim, i.e. to be paid normal remuneration for on-call time at the airport.
2021/35 Supreme Court rules on constitutionality of Workplace Relations Commission (IR)
Authors: Ryan Laura 
Published: November 2021

2021/35 Supreme Court rules on constitutionality of Workplace Relations Commission (IR)
By a majority of 4-3, the Supreme Court of Ireland has held that the Workplace Relations Commission’s power to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees was not unconstitutional. However, the majority of the Supreme Court did find that certain aspects of the Commission’s procedures were unconstitutional, namely the blanket ban on public hearings and the lack of capacity for taking evidence on oath. The Workplace Relations Act 2015 and the Workplace Relations Commission procedures have consequently been amended to address these issues. This case report is a follow-up on EELC 2020/34.
Analysis of the National Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (CAPSS 2017) Data and Assessment of Emissions based on Air Quality Modeling in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Choi Seong-woo , Bae Chang-han , Kim Hyung-cheon , Kim Taekyu , Lee Hyang-kyeong , Song Seung-joo , Jang Jeong-pil , Lee Kyoung-bin , Choi Su-ah , Lee Hyeon-ji , Park Yunseo , Park Seo-yeon , Kim Young-min , Yoo Chul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
According to the 2017 National Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (NEI), air pollutant emissions in the Republic of Korea comprised 817,420 metric tons (hereafter tons) of CO, 1,189,800 tons of NOx, 315,530 tons of SOx, 592,582 tons of TSP, 218,476 tons of PM10, 91,731 tons of PM2.5, 15,555 tons of black carbon (BC), 1,047,585 tons of VOCs, and 308,298 tons of NH3. Emissions of the 13 first-level emission source categories, which constitute the NEI, were estimated and, based on their characteristics, the emission source categories were grouped into five sectors (energy, industry, road, non-road, and everyday activities and others). In addition, the contributions of primary PM2.5 and its four precursors (NOx, SOx, VOCs, and NH3) to the 2017 NEI were assessed in this study. The emission contributions of NOx to the NEI were 36.5% for the road sector, which was the highest of those of all the air pollutants for this sector; NOx emissions for this sector were 4.2% lower than those in the previous year. The emission contributions of SOx and PM2.5 to the NEI were higher than those of the other air pollutants for the industry sector; SOx and PM2.5 emissions for this sector decreased by 9.8% and 19.7%, respectively, compared with those in the previous year. The emission contributions of VOCs and NH3 to the NEI were 65.3% and 83.9% for the everyday activities and others sector, respectively, higher than those of the other air pollutants for this sector; VOCs and NH3 emissions for this sector increased by 0.8% and 2.9%, respectively, compared with those in the previous year. A three-dimensional (3D) chemical transport modeling system was used to validate the emission estimates. These data suggest that simulated SOx emissions were overestimated in areas with dense large-scale industrial complexes, such as Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Ulsan, and that simulated NOx emissions were overestimated in Seoul, Incheon, and Jeollanam-do.
Approche photographique de l’espace documentaire en milieu scolaire : le cas des professeurs documentalistes
Authors: Mazurier Valentine 
Published: November 2021

L’article s’intéresse à l’espace documentaire en milieu scolaire tel qu’il est représenté, aménagé, pensé et habité par les professeurs documentalistes. Entre prescription institutionnelle et adaptation contextuelle, l’espace documentaire révèle une vision du lieu qui raconte l’exercice ordinaire du métier de professeur documentaliste et l’interroge en tant que modèle, dans la construction d’une identité professionnelle. Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche menée dans le centre de documentation et d’information (CDI) de cinq collèges français dans le cadre de laquelle professeurs documentalistes et élèves étaient amenés au cours d’un entretien individuel à photographier « leur » espace documentaire. L’espace d’intention photographié par les professeurs documentalistes révèle, derrière l’uniformité des missions, des paysages documentaires hétérogènes qui questionnent les médiations de l’information et le rapport à l’espace documentaire des acteurs de la société de l’information actuelle.
An Assessment of Quality of Service Extended by Select Agriclinics and Agribusiness Centres in Union Territory of Puducherry
Authors: Balasoundari S. , Mahendran K. , Lavanya S. Moghana , Ganapati Patil Santosh 
Published: November 2021

The establishment of Agri clinics and Agribusiness Centers is a Government of India Scheme implemented through NABARD and MANAGE, Hyderabad for promotion of rural entrepreneurship through effective training and handholding of the graduate youth. Agri-Clinics are intended to provide expert advice and services to farmers on various aspects to improve crop/animal yield and increase farmers’ revenue. This study was conducted to assess the quality of services provided by the Agri clinics and agribusiness centers in the union territory of Puducherry. 90 farmers were personally interviewed using the service quality instrument - SERVQUAL to explore their expectation and perception of service quality provided by the Agri -clinics and agribusiness centers. The results indicated that the level of quality of the services provided by the Agri clinics is not to the expected level of the sample farmers i.e., all perception ratings were lower than their expectation scores. In all five dimensions of service quality, a gap was observed between farmers’ perceptions and expectations: Tangible: -0.93, Reliability: -0.89, Responsiveness: -0.78, Assurance: - 0.58, Empathy: -0.61. The results indicated that much more service improvement activities are needed for improving the service quality. The Agri-clinics need to modernize facilities and equipment to reduce the gap between farmers' perceptions and expectations.
Phytochemical Constituents and Toxicity of the Ethanol Extract of Ricinus communis (L.) in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Tu Ai Tran Thi , Phien Huynh Hong , Men Tran Thanh 
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the toxic ability of the ethanol extract of Ricinus communis (L.) in Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly model. The toxicity was determined through different criteria, including the ability to cause harmful effects on second instar larvae, reproduction, growth and development, and the movement ability of fruit flies. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Ricinus communis expressed its high toxicity against 2nd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaste with the LD50 value of 64.63 mg/mL. In addition, Ricinus communis extract reduced the growth rate, reproduction and decreased the movement ability of Drosophila melanogaster. The total flavonoid and polyphenol content of the ethanol extract of Ricinus communis were 338.26 mgQE/g extract and 160.43 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. These findings contribute to confirming the toxic properties of ethanol extract of Ricinus communis and their potential use in preventing and controlling pest.
Assessment of Outdoor Gamma Exposure Level of Some Swampy Agricultural Soils of Nasarawa West, Nigeria
Authors: A. Mundi Abdullahi , Mustapha Idris M. , Maikeffi Rabo 
Published: November 2021

In this study, assessment of outdoor background exposure levels in some selected swampy agricultural soil in Nasarawa West, Nigeria has been conducted. An in-situ measurement of outdoor background exposure rate (in mRhr-1) for a total of fifty farms (ten each from Keffi (KF), Kokona (KK), Karu (KR), Toto (TT), and Nasarawa (NS)) were done using a well calibrated portable halogen-quenched Geiger Muller (GM) detector (Inspector alert Nuclear radiation monitor SN:3544). A geographical positioning system (GPS) was used at an elevation of 1.0 m above ground level to obtain the geographical location. The radiological hazard parameters were evaluated using the measured outdoor background exposure rates. The values obtained were compared with recommended permissible limits to ascertain the radiological hazard status of the swampy agricultural farms. The mean values of the outdoor background exposure levels (0.23, 0.038, 0.028, 0.022, and 0.039 mRh-1), absorbed dose rates (458.49, 334.95, 188.79, 194.01, and 343.65 nGyh-1) and excess lifetime cancer risk (1.968, 1438, 0.810, 0.832, and 1.475) each for KF, KK, KR, TT, and NS respectively, are higher than the recommended safe limits of 0.013 mRh-1, 84.0 nGyh-1, 0.00029 respectively as recommended by UNSCEAR and ICRP. On the other hand, the mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) values (0.563, 0.410, 0.232, 0.238, and 0.421 mSvy-1 for KF, KK, KR, TT, and NS respectively) are below the recommended permissible limits of 1.00 mSvy-1 for general public exposure. Generally, the study revealed that swampy agricultural soils in Nasarawa west are radiologically safe with little contamination which could be attributed to the geological formation and partly due to human activity in the area.
An Effective Protocol for Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. 'Geolei' Explants Sterilization for Successful Callusing and Shoot Regeneration
Authors: Sirohi Ujjwal , Sharma Swati , Kumar Mukesh , Sengar R. S. , Gangwar L. K. , Tomar Akash , Dhanraj Bagul Vyankatesh , Yadav M. K. 
Published: November 2021

Carnation is a popular floricultural crop grown widely for its attractive cut flowers. Micro-propagation can be used to create large-scale carnation output. For growth and development, plants require some necessary nutrients as well as growth regulators. Due to the importance of carnation, the present work is carried out using leaf and nodal segments to examine the potential of several plant growth regulators for in vitro callus formation and adventitious shoot regeneration. Explants were sterilized properly with bavistin, sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride. The minor contaminated cultures were created by consecutively treating the explants with 0.25% bavistin, 0.50% sodium hypochlorite, and 0.1% mercuric chloride for ten, fifteen, and two minutes.
MS media with 2.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with 0.75 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) resulted in the maximum callus induction (90.47%) from leaf explants. Maximum shoots (76.47%) were produced in MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/l Thidiazuron (TDZ) + 0.25 mg/l NAA. NAA at 1.25 mg/l was most efficient for maximum root induction (83.32%). In the present study, an effective protocol of carnation explants sterilization was optimized for successful callusing and shoot regeneration.
Global Weak Solutions for the Weakly Dissipative Dullin-Gottwald-Holm Equation
Authors: Li Shiyu 
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions for the weakly dissipative Dullin-Gottwald-Holm equation describing the unidirectional propagation of surface waves in shallow water regime: ut − α2uxxt + c0ux + 3uux + γuxxx + λ(u − α2uxx) = α2(2uxuxx + uuxxx).Our main conclusion is that on c0 = − γ/α2 and λ ≥ 0, if the initial data satisfies certain sign conditions, then we show that the equation has corresponding strong solution which exists globally in time, finally we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions to the equation.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Self-Care Practices Among Diabetes Patients in a Selected Tertiary Hospital, Osun State
Authors: Abiodun Arogundade, Toliah , Akinade Salawu, Rasidi 
Published: November 2021

Aims: Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease with many irreversible complications that can be prevented by strict adherence to self-care practice. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing adherence to self-care practices among diabetes patients
Study Design: This study adopted a descriptive research design carried out among diabetes patients attending outpatient endocrinology clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State between July and September 2021.
Methodology: Sample size was calculated using Cochran formula and total number of sample used were two hundred and eight (208) diabetes patients. Samples were selected using convenient sampling technique. A self-developed structured Questionnaire on knowledge of diabetes and factors influencing adherence to diabetes self-care practices with reliability index of 0.858 and 0.863 respectively. Two (2) adapted questionnaire; Diabetes self-care practices by Schmitt et al (2013) and Level of adherence to self-care practices scale by Morisky et al. (1986) with reliability index of 0.731 and 0.851 respectively were also used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics of Pearson product moment correlation and regression were used to test stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The result from the study revealed good knowledge of diabetes mellitus and diabetes self-care practices among the respondents. The results also revealed high level of adherence to diabetes medication, diet, physical activity, blood glucose testing, follow-up and foot care. Factors influencing the level of adherence with diabetes self-care practices include cost of treatment, longer year of being diagnosed, good relationship between healthcare team, level of education, good family and social support. There is also a significant relationship between knowledge of diabetes mellitus and adherence with physical activity (r = 0.210; P = 0.02) and blood glucose testing (r = 0.203; P = 0.003). However, there is no significant relationship between knowledge of self-care practices and adherence to self-care practices; socio-demographic characteristics of age (r = -0.040; P = 0.568), education (r = 0.112; P = 0.107) and adherence to self-care practices.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was high level of knowledge about diabetes and diabetes self-care practices as well as adherence to diabetes self-care practices, therefore, health care providers should continue to monitor self-care practices among diabetes patients to achieve positive health outcome and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes mellitus.
Green synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Piper longum and its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Imtiaz Taanya , Priyadharshini R. , Rajeshkumar S. , Sinduja Palati 
Published: November 2021

Background: Piper longum, a traditional plant used for regenerative medicine commonly known as the long pepper, is used to treat many pathological conditions. Piper longum is used as a source for obtaining the production of various nanoparticles and testing their efficacy. Piper longum has many beneficial activities, such as antifungal, anti-amoebic, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressants activities. Silver nanoparticles are widely and commonly used for its antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Our study aimed to synthesize Piper longum based silver nanoparticles and to investigate its anti-oxidant property.
Materials and Methods: Piper longum plant extract was prepared and silver nanoparticles extract was synthesized. DPPH assay was then performed to assess the free radical scavenging activity of the Piper longum silver nanoparticle extract. The further analysis was that the formation of brownish-red color observed was evident, resulting in thesynthesization of silver nanoparticles.
Results: Brown discolouration represents formation of silver nanoparticles and the antioxidant activity was noted to be from 60% to 70% from 10 to 50μL. But when compared to standard vitamin C values the Piper longum silver nanoparticles showed less antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: The Piper longum mediated silver nanoparticles showed remarkable and considerable antioxidant activity but when compared with the standard sample values the antioxidant activity was low.
Boari Flap Urinary Tract Reconstruction for Rectosigmoid Cancer with Ureteral Invasion: Report of a Case
Authors: Koneri Kenji , Goi Takanori , Shimada Michiaki , Tagai Noriyuki , Kurebayashi Hidetaka , Sawai Katsuji , Morikawa Mitsuhiro , Tamaki Masato , Murakami Makoto , Hirono Yasuo , Aoki Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Osamu 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
The Boari flap technique is a unique urinary tract reconstruction procedure performed after resection of the urinary tract. However, few previous reports have described the application of this technique to gastrointestinal cancer. Moreover, we have not found any papers describing the long-term prognosis. We report a case of right ureteral tract resection followed by Boari flap reconstruction for rectosigmoid carcinoma, with survival for 108 months without any urologic complications.

Case presentation
A woman in her 50s was diagnosed with rectosigmoid cancer by a local physician and referred to our institution. Computed tomography scans revealed right hydronephrosis caused by rectosigmoid cancer invasion at the lower two-thirds of the right ureter. During laparotomy, massive lymphatic infiltration from the primary lesion to right ureter was observed. After primary tumor resection with lower ureter excision, the Boari flap procedure was performed to reconstruct the ureteral deficit. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on postoperative day 20. The patient has been seen every 4 months for 9 years with no recurrence or unpleasant symptoms.

Discussion
This technique is usually performed to manage specific conditions such as ureteral stenosis caused by ureteral calculi, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and gynecologic disorders. This procedure should be reconsidered as a possible option for gastrointestinal malignant cases instead of nephrostomy or cutaneous ureterostomy, given the low rate of complications and high patient satisfaction.

Conclusion
The Boari flap technique is particularly useful for bridging between the ureter and bladder in cases of colorectal malignancy with combined resection of the lower urinary tract.
Mechanochemistry Advances High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yuzhuo , Wang Yanju , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhao Lichen , Su Rui , Wu Jiang , Luo Deying , Li Shunde , Chen Peng , Yu Maotao , Gong Qihuang , Zhu Rui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA prerequisite for commercializing perovskite photovoltaics is to develop a swift and eco‐friendly synthesis route, which guarantees the mass production of halide perovskites in the industry. Herein, a green‐solvent‐assisted mechanochemical strategy is developed for fast synthesizing a stoichiometric δ‐phase formamidinium lead iodide (δ‐FAPbI3) powder, which serves as a high‐purity precursor for perovskite film deposition with low defects. The presynthesized δ‐FAPbI3 precursor possesses high concentration of micrometer‐sized colloids, which are in favor of preferable crystallization by spontaneous nucleation. The resultant perovskite films own preferred crystal orientations of cubic (100) plane, which is beneficial for superior carrier transport compared to that of the films with isotropic crystal orientations using “mixture of PbI2 and FAI” as precursors. As a result, high‐performance perovskite solar cells with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 24.2% are obtained. Moreover, the δ‐FAPbI3 powder shows superior storage stability for more than 10 months in ambient environment (40 ± 10% relative humidity), being conducive to a facile and practical storage for further commercialization.
Ion Migration in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Mechanism, Characterizations, and Material and Device Engineering
Authors: Li Nan , Jia Yongheng , Guo Yuwei , Zhao Ni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising new lighting technology with high external quantum efficiency, color purity, and wavelength tunability, as well as, low‐temperature processability. However, the operational stability of PeLEDs is still insufficient for their commercialization. The generation and migration of ionic species in metal halide perovskites has been widely acknowledged as the primary factor causing the performance degradation of PeLEDs. Herein, this topic is systematically discussed by considering the fundamental and engineering aspects of ion‐related issues in PeLEDs, including the material and processing origins of ion generation, the mechanisms driving ion migration, characterization approaches for probing ion distributions, the effects of ion migration on device performance and stability, and strategies for ion management in PeLEDs. Finally, perspectives on remaining challenges and future opportunities are highlighted.