bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodes With the Highest Control Power Play an Important Role at the Final Level of Cooperation in Directed Networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Yousefi Marzieh , Shahbazi Farhad , Masoudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Controllability of complex networks seeks the lowest number of nodes (driver nodes) that controlling all nodes by receiving input signals. The concept of control centrality is used to determine the power of each nodes in the control of the network. The more nodes a node controls through connections in the network, the more the power to control. In the public goods game, cooperative and free-rider strategies are considered and the final level of cooperation in a population is studied. However, it is yet to determine a solution for indicating the effectiveness of each member to change other member's strategies. In a network, the choice of nodes effective in changing other nodes strategy, as free-riders, will lead to lower cooperation and vice versa. This paper uses simulated and real networks to investigate the effectiveness of nodes with the highest control power in changing other nodes strategies and the final level of cooperation compared to the hubs, local, and random nodes. Results indicate that choosing the nodes with the highest control power as free-riders will lead to a lower level of cooperation and is, therefore, more effective in changing the strategies of other nodes, compared to other sets in consideration. This result can be considered in the treatment of cancer; with the explanation that, destroying tumoral cells with the highest control power should be a priority as these cells have a higher capability in changing the strategy of other cells from cooperators to free-riders (healthy to tumoral).
The mirror mechanism in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Amlashi Nazanin Hedayati , Rasooli Anita , Mbwogge Mathew , Haadi Ainaaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rationale: Mirror neurons are visuomotor neurons that perform mirror mechanisms, meaning each time an individual observes another individual performing an action, these neurons which encode that action, are activated in the observer’s cortical motor system. One of the cognitive domains of controversy in schizophrenia is Motor Resonance, also known as the Mirror Neuron System (MNS). In the current paper, we aim to review all the available literature regarding mirror mechanism examination in patients with schizophrenia and present an explicit summary of the available findings up to this date.Objectives: To investigate the mirror mechanism in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (psychosis spectrum disorder) and present an explicit view of available findings regarding this manner up to the date.Data sources: We will search MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, Science Citation Index – Expanded (Web of Science), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (Web of Science). We won’t consider any timeframe, language, or geographical restrictions.Methods: Standard systematic review protocol methodology is employed. Eligibility criteria is reported in line with SPIDER guideline. Sample is limited to Adults of any age and sex with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychosis spectrum disorders in general confirmed by a physician according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) guidelines, irrespective of the severity of disease and duration of illness. Participants with any other confirmed structural or functional neurologic disorders will be excluded. Phenomenon of interest is the mirror neuron system (MNS) functional integrity. Study designs will be restricted to observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Means of evaluation will be Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), Eye-tracking, and muscle activation (EMG). Research types of interest will be qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods researches. All included studies will be assessed for the risk of bias using NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will perform a meta-synthesis based on vote counting methods on the included studies. We will also evaluate the publication bias using Funnel plots and assess the confidence in cumulative evidence using CERQual.
Income Inequality, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Hundie Shemelis Kebede 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relationship between income inequality, economic growth and CO2 emissions is ambiguous both theoretically and empirically. Hence, this study examines the link between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Ethiopia for time span covering 1979–2014 using ARDL bounds test and DOLS approach to cointegration. The Zivot-Andrews unit root test and Clemente-Montanes-Reyes unit root test reveal that some of the variables under consideration are stationary at level while others become stationary after first differencing. Both ARDL and DOLS approaches confirm that there is a long-run relationship among the series during the study period. The long-run empirical results show that a 1% increase in economic growth accounts for a 1.05% increase in CO2 emissions while a 1% increase in economic growth squared reduces CO2 emissions by 0.11%. The U-test result reveals that the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth confirms existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The effect of income inequality on CO2 is not robust to alternative estimation techniques; it is statistically insignificant under the ARDL estimation, but DOLS estimates show that a 1% increase in income inequality increases CO2 emissions by 0.21% in the long-run during the study period. In the long-run a 1% rise in urbanization, population size, energy intensity and industrialization each positively contribute to environmental degradation in Ethiopia by 0.38%, 0.22%, 0.07% and 0.11% respectively. Results from the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality show a bidirectional causal relationship between CO2 emissions and all other variables except economic growth. CO2 emissions granger causes economic growth with no feedback effect. Results suggested important policy implications in the light of achieving its 2030 targets of low-carbon economy for Ethiopia.
Atomic Scale Mixing between MgO and H2O in the Deep Interiors of Water-rich Planets
Authors: Lee Yongjae , Kim Taehyun , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Pakhomova Anna , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Liu Zhenxian , Speziale Sergio , Shim Sang-Heon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water-rich planets are common in our galaxy: Uranus and Neptune in our solar system and some of the sub-Neptunes in extrasolar systems1. These planets may have a thick water-rich layer above the rocky interior. Recent models2-4 have invoked possible existence of heavier elements in the water-rich layer of Uranus based on need for explaining the low luminosity5-6. However, it is not well understood how heavy elements can exist and be stabilized in the low-density layer for a sufficiently long period of time. Here we report the results of laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LH-DAC) experiments on two rock-forming minerals, olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4) and ferropericlase ((Mg,Fe)O), in a H2O medium at the pressure and temperature conditions expected for the interiors of approximately 1-6 Earth-mass water-rich planets. The X-ray diffraction patterns and the morphology of the recovered samples in electron microscopy indicate a selective leaching of MgO from starting olivine during heating and large solubility of MgO in H2O peaking between 20-40 GPa and above 1500 K. The observed reaction can chemically stabilize heavier elements (such as Mg and O) in water-rich layer, providing a key chemical process for explaining the hypothesized heavier element presence at shallow depths in Uranus and possibly other water-rich planets. In addition, the H2O layer of hot and smaller water-rich planets7 (Earth-size) is more likely to have a wider MgO-rich layer than cold and larger water-rich planets where the depth range of the MgO-rich layer is likely to be narrower, enabling a range of geochemical evolution among water-rich planets.
Rapid Identification of Commercial Frankincense Products by MALDITOF
Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Hao-Ping , Wu Chunhung , Lai Shang-Chih , You Ren-In , Chen Tz-Ting , Chang Yu , Liu Chao-Zong 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Frankincense is a resin secreted by the Boswellia tree. It is used in perfumery, aromatherapy, skincare, and traditional Chinese medicine. However, all Boswellia species are under threat owing to habitat loss and overexploitation. As a result, the market is getting flooded with counterfeit frankincense products.

Objective:
This study aims to establish a high-throughput method to screen and identify the authenticity of commercial frankincense products. We report, for the first time, a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method for rapid and high-throughput screening of frankincense samples.

Methods:
MALDI-TOF MS, HPLC, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity assay were used to examine the frankincense samples.
Results: Well-resolved peaks of frankincense triterpenoids in the spectra were observed in the crude extract of commercial samples, including α-boswellic acids (αBAs), β-boswellic acids (βBAs), 11-keto-β-boswellic acids (KBAs), acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acids (AKBAs), and their esters. These compounds can be used as indicators for determining the authenticity of frankincense.

Conclusion:
Unlike LC–MS, which is a time-consuming and expensive method, and TLC, which requires a reference sample, our inexpensive, rapid high-throughput identification method based on MALDI-TOF MS is ideal for large-scale screening of frankincense samples sold in the market.
Imaging of Spinal Bone Tumors: Principles and Practice
Authors: Tsukamoto Shinji , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Langevelde Kirsten van , Vucht Niels van , Kido Akira , Errani Costantino 
Published: March 2021

:
Age, location of the tumor, and detailed patient history can narrow the differential diagnosis
of spinal bone lesions, including metastasis and primary benign and malignant bone tumors.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are both crucial in evaluating the characteristics
of spinal bone tumors. Growth speed and Lodwick margin description can differentiate malignant
from benign tumors to a certain degree. Positron emission tomography has a limited ability
to differentiate malignant from benign tumors. A biopsy is often required for a definitive diagnosis.
To select the optimal treatment for spinal metastasis, neurological status by epidural spinal cord
compression grade (axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance image), radiosensitivity of tumor histology,
mechanical instability by Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (sagittal and axial computed tomography
image), and systemic disease should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. This review
article summarizes the role of imaging for diagnosis and treatment of spinal bone tumors.
A Mini Review on the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Options for
COVID-19
Authors: Rahmani Farzad , Ziaeemehr Aghigh , Alijannejad Sajede , Ferns Gordon A , Khazaei Majid , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Avan Amir 
Published: March 2021

:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2,
associated with high morbidity and mortality, and represents a significant public health crisis worldwide.
Despite recent efforts for developing novel antiviral agents, no specific drugs are approved for
the management and treatment of COVID-19. The immune responses to viral infection followed by
cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome are serious issues that may cause death in patients
with severe COVID-19. Therefore, developing a novel therapeutic strategy for the management
of COVID-19 is urgently needed to control the virus spread and to improve the patient survival rate
and clinical outcomes.
In this mini-review, we summarize the symptoms, pathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches currently
being used to manage the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
In Vivo Antidepressant Efficacy of 3-Substituted Thietane-1,1-dioxide Derivative - A Preliminary Study for Novel Anti-Depression Therapy in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Nikitina Irina L. , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Gaisina Gulnara G. , Bulygin Kirill V. , Galimova Elmira F. , Galimov Shamil N. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Avila-Rodriguez Marco , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Psychosocial stress-induced depressive behavior is linked to the etiology
of several neurological diseases viz., PTSD, and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's Disease
(AD). The repeated bouts of social stress defeat can be induced using Resident-Intruder-
Paradigm (RIP) and Chronic Mild Social Stress (CMSS) animal models to assess the stress-induced
depressive behavioral patterns.

Objectives:
The aim of this study to examine the anti-depressive efficacy of 3-methoxythietane-
1,1-dioxide (N-14) in RIP models of behavioral alterations.

Methods:
In this study, we have used Sprague-Dawley rats in Resident-Intruder-Paradigm (RIP),
where intruders interacted with residents Day 0 to Day +5 for 10 minutes to invoke CMSS in intruders
and became defeated/submissive rats due to the depressive-like behavioral alterations in social
activity, explorations, grooming, defense, aggressive behavior, social interaction, freeze, rearing
etc., with residents. Control intact animals are included in group I, group II received N-14
alone; group III received CMSS, and group IV received cotreatment of N14 with CMSS. N-14 (2
mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally from Day 0 to Day +5 to intact animals and intruder animals
under conditions of CMSS.

Results:
Several behavioral tests viz., forced swim test, open field test, and elevated-plus maze test
were used to examine the above behavioral dynamic parameters. The dynamic interaction between
Residents and Intruders during the study showed substantial alterations in exploratory activity, aggressiveness,
defensive behavior, body weight, and thymus mass in stressed animals. N-14 cotreatment
has mitigated sociability, exploratory activity, aggressiveness increased social adaptability
and defensive behavior. An extensive rise in active forms of defense and submission latency indicates
that N-14 has induced antidepressant activity with a psycho-sedative component of action.

Conclusion:
Serendipitously, we observed the ameliorative capability of N-14 cotreatment to mitigate
depressive-behavioral symptoms in intruders.
Upaya Kepolisian dalam Penanganan Kasus Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan yang Dilakukan WNA (Warga Negara Asing) terhadap WNI (Warga Negara Indonesia)
Authors: Rama Yudha Cokorda Gede Agung , Laksmi Dewi Anak Agung Sagung , Sutama I Nyoman 
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a law state that has a binding nature of its citizens based on the territorial principle in which the principle explains, the regulations in force in Indonesia apply to all people namely Indonesian citizens and foreigners residing in Indonesia, Police efforts in handling cases of murder committed by foreigners Indonesian Citizens based on article
338 of the Indonesian Criminal Code where the act constitutes an action by eliminating
the lives of others. Therefore the authority of the police in handling the case as investigators to maintain security and order in Indonesia. The formulation of the issues raised in this study is how the investigation process in the crime of murder by foreigners is reviewed with the territorial principle and how the Legal Settlement of Criminal Acts of Murder by Foreigners Against Indonesian Citizens Based on the judicial system in Indonesia is reviewed with the Territorial Principle. This type of research is normative legal research with the study of legal literary materials as a process for finding legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to address the legal issues encountered and also the approach to the law is as a form to find the rules relating to an offense, law enforcement, victim, criminal act of murder committed by a foreign national. The conclusion of this research is that the police have the authority as an investigator in a criminal case of a murder committed by a foreigner against a citizen, the investigation process is in accordance with the provisions of the Republic of Indonesia police regulation number 6 of 2019 and also article 6 of the Criminal Procedure Code concerning the provisions of the investigation with the provisions of article 2 of the Criminal Code explained that the regulations in Indonesia apply to all of its citizens residing in Indonesia and that enforcement is carried out against perpetrators of murder committed according to the judicial system in Indonesia based on the provisions of article 2 of the Criminal Code concerning territorial principles with article338 of the Criminal Code. suggestions for foreigners and citizens to be more subject to regulations that apply in Indonesia so that the creation of justice and peace and advice to the government to pay more attention to local residents.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Umum Serentak Tahun 2019 di Kelurahan Ubung Kecamatan Denpasar Utara Kota Denpasar
Authors: AYU DIAH APRILLIA I GUSTI AGUNG , Arthanaya I Wayan , Suryani Luh Putu Suryani 
Published: March 2021

Election is a series of activities in voting. In this regard, the election is regulated in law no. 7 of 2017 here, it is explained that how the participation of the connection community in the context of participating in the 2019 election process is related to the tittle of thesis described above, so the following problem formulation can be made: 1. How electoral system according to law 7 of 2017? 2. How is the implementation of the election in the connection village? In addition, this type of empirical research, where what is meant by empirical research is research by directly jumping into a research location located in a connecting village. With the results of this study say that as for the stages in the participation of the people in the connection village in the electoral process it can be classified into 3 stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. Hence in this regard it is said that the phase of people’s involvement in the ubung village election was very enthusiastic because almost 49.41% of the ubung kelurahan registered and the election list still came to the polls to exercise their voting rights.
Akibat Hukum Pekerja Anak Menurut Undang -Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003
Authors: Winda Aditya Putra I Gusti Ngurah , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu , Suryani Luh Putu 
Published: March 2021

How meaningful every child born into this world for people know the child is a precious treasure that is not betrayal by anything and for the place where he was born is the successor of the nation who will continue the nation's ideals and as a pride for Parents and others. How to accomplish it all by letting children happy childhood and toddler. While heading to maturity they have to be equipped with an education and a wide view from early on in the future. With the wide insight of a child will be able to answer his actions and produce something that will make the parents of farts because it has been in action this thesis examines how the development of children in his teenage years seen Conceptualically and through government regulations relating to the child itself.

Nowadays many companies are prohibited from hiring a child but in practice because of economic factors the child will work to connect the life of his family and support his family and himself that the child works in a The company must have permission from his parents in writing and not interfere with school hours as well as the impact that occurred to children working under the age seen from the health aspect is very influence on brain development and child thinking power It becomes low and shallow has no logic of thinking as well as the educational aspect of the child becoming dropouts and this is very influential in the future of the child in terms of low quality and the psykhoology aspect of the child experiencing depression .
Perlindungan Konsumen Atas Kerusakan/Kehilangan Pakaian Pada Jasa Usaha Laundry di Denpasar
Authors: Dodik Wijaya I Komang , Budhiarta I Nyoman Putu , Wesna Putu Ayu Sriasih 
Published: March 2021

As is known from the openness that will provide so many challenges one of which is the increasing problem of consumer protection. Nowadays with sophisticated technology creating a new rental service, namely Laundry. Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection can be the basis for consumers and consumer protection agencies to empower and protect the interests of consumers, and make businesses more responsible. The formulation of the problem that can be raised is What is the legal
protection of Laundry consumers for damage / loss of goods? and What is the responsibility of the Laundry business actor for damage / loss of goods? Based on these problems, it can conduct a thesis research on Consumer Protection for Damage / Loss of Clothing in Laundry Business Services in Denpasar by using an empirical type of research. Consumers who are harmed by the negligence of the business actor can hold the business actor responsible for the loss, and claim compensation for the losses they have suffered, this has been stated in Article 7 letter G of the UUPK. The forms of responsibility for laundry businesses differ between business operators. In the case of giving compensation to consumers, business actors in accordance with Article 19 of the UUPK must provide compensation no later than 7 days, if the time limit is passed then the consumer can sue the business actor.