bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF MEXICO’SLAND REFORM ON PERIURBAN HOUSING PRODUCTION: Neoliberal or Neocorporatist?
Authors: Varley Ann , Salazar Clara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChanges to Mexico's Constitution in the 1990s marked the end of agrarian reform and the Revolutionary land regime which had allowed beneficiaries to work but not to sell their land. New legislation allowed individual parcels of ejido land to be converted into private property. Many observers link this ‘privatization’ with a transformation of the periurban landscape resulting from private developers’ construction of mass ‘social housing’ developments: a classic example of neoliberal urbanism. We examine evidence for the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, finding that, although some developments do occupy former ejido land, developers mostly prefer private property, including former haciendas. Private sector interests are wary of the ejido for reasons that stem from its place in the corporatist political system that characterized twentieth‐century Mexico, and the patchwork of privatized individual parcels clashes with developers’ land acquisition strategies. Ejidatarios often prefer to retain control over their land, selling plots piecemeal. Our findings demonstrate the continuing significance of urban informality—on a scale that exceeds the development of ejido land for formal housing—and the intertwining of formal and informal. We interpret these interrelated processes of housing production as legacies of corporatism, underlining the significance of political influences on Latin American neoliberalism.
A novel deodorization method of edible oil by using ethanol steam at low temperature
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Chengming , Wang Man , Qin Xiaoyu , Hao Guifang , Kang Mengjie , Hu Xizhou , Cheng Yunbin , Shen Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel deodorization method of edible oil by using ethanol steam at low‐temperature was developed. We compared the chemical changes in predeodorized rapeseed oil after anhydrous ethanol steam distillation at low temperature (140 to 220 °C) (L‐ESD) and conventional high‐temperature (250 °C) water‐steam distillation (H‐WSD) in terms of odor characteristics, physicochemical properties, micronutrient contents, antioxidant performance, and fatty acid composition. Compared with H‐WSD (250 °C for 60 min), L‐ESD at 180 °C for 80 to 100 min resulted in lower response values of electronic nose, free fatty acid (0.03% to 0.07%), and peroxide value (0.00 to 0.67 meq/kg), but higher retention of tocopherols (554.93 to 551.59 mg/kg), total phenols (43.36 to 45.42 mgGAE/kg), total carotenoids (65.78 to 67.85 mg/kg), phytosterols (585.80 to 596.53 mg/100 g), polyunsaturated fatty acids (27.95 to 28.01%), and better antioxidant properties. In conclusion, L‐ESD can mitigate the damage of oil and thus significantly improve the safety of vegetable oils with a high retention of nutrients compared with conventional H‐WSD.Practical ApplicationThe present study aimed to compare the chemical changes in predeodorized rapeseed oil after anhydrous ethanol steam distillation at low temperature (140 to 220 °C) (L‐ESD) and conventional high‐temperature (250 °C) water‐steam distillation (H‐WSD) in terms of odor characteristics, physicochemical properties, micronutrient contents, antioxidant performance, and fatty acid composition. Results indicated that this finding supplies a theoretical basis for developing a method with retaining more micronutrients and producing less harmful substances for the deodorization of rapeseed oil.
A chromosome‐level genome of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain estampador) provides insights into the evolution of chemical and light perception in this crustacean
Authors: Zhao Ming , Wang Wei , Zhang Fengying , Ma Chunyan , Liu Zhiqiang , Yang Meidi‐Huang , Chen Wei , Li Qingsong , Cui Mingshu , Jiang Keji , Feng Chunlei , Li Jiong Tang , Ma Lingbo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMud crabs, found throughout the Indo‐Pacific region, are coastal species that are important fisheries resources in many tropical and subtropical Asian countries. Here, we present a chromosome‐level genome assembly of a mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). The genome is 1.55 Gb (contig N50 191 kb) in length and encodes 17,821 proteins. The heterozygosity of the assembled genome was estimated to be 0.47%. Effective population size analysis suggested that an initial large population size of this species was maintained until 200 thousand years ago. The contraction of cuticle protein and opsin genes compared with Litopenaeus vannamei is assumed to be correlated with shell hardness and light perception ability, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of three chemoreceptor gene families, the odorant receptor (OR), gustatory receptor (GR) and ionotropic receptor (IR) families, suggested that the mud crab has no OR genes and shows a contraction of GR genes and expansion of IR genes. The numbers of the three gene families were similar to those in three other decapods but different from those in two nondecapods and insects. In addition, IRs were more diversified in decapods than in nondecapod crustaceans, and most of the expanded IRs in the mud crab genome were clustered with the antennal IR clades. These findings suggested that IRs might exhibit more diverse functions in decapods than in nondecapods, which may compensate for the smaller number of GR genes. Decoding the S. paramamosain genome not only provides insight into the genetic changes underpinning ecological traits but also provides valuable information for improving the breeding and aquaculture of this species.
Excess mortality persists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Kyung , Ahn Ga Young , Lee Jiyoung , Shin Jung‐Min , Lee Tae‐Han , Park Dae Jin , Song Yeo‐Jin , Kim Mi Kyung , Bae Sang‐Cheol 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the causes and risk of death in a large cohort of Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients in the Hanyang BAE (Bae registry of Autoimmune diseases for Epidemiology) RA cohort who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria were analyzed. A total of 2355 patients were enrolled from October 2001 to December 2015. Mortality data were derived by linking with data from the Korean National Statistical Office. Standardized mortality ratio was estimated by dividing observed deaths by expected number of deaths in the general population.ResultsOver the observation period, 225 deaths were reported. Total age‐ and sex‐adjusted standardized mortality ratio was 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.44‐1.87). The most common cause of death was malignancy (40 cases; 17.8%), followed by respiratory disease (38 cases; 16.9%) and cardiovascular disease (32 cases; 14.2%). Mortality rate and causes of death differed according to year and age of RA onset. Compared with survivors, individuals who died were more likely to be male, smokers, diagnosed with RA at an older age, and to have long disease duration, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein, higher rheumatoid factor positivity rate, more severe radiographic damage, and more comorbidities.ConclusionThe mortality rate of patients with RA remains higher than that of the general population. Therefore, to improve the survival of patients with RA, attention should be paid to the management of comorbidities as well as to the RA itself.
Children’s and Adults’ Views of Punishment as a Path to Redemption
Authors: Dunlea James P. , Heiphetz Larisa 
Published: January 2021

The current work investigated the extent to which children (N=171 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds) and adults (N = 94) view punishment as redemptive. In Study 1, children—but not adults—reported that “mean” individuals became “nicer” after one severe form of punishment (incarceration). Moreover, adults expected “nice” individuals’ moral character to worsen following punishment; however, we did not find that children expected such a change. Study 2 extended these findings by showing that children view “mean” individuals as becoming “nicer” following both severe (incarceration) and relatively minor (time‐out) punishments, suggesting that the pattern of results from Study 1 generalizes across punishment types. Together, these studies indicate that children—but not adults—may view punishment as a vehicle for redemption.
Bi‐allelic missense variant, p.Ser35Leu in EXOSC1 is associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Somashekar Puneeth H. , Kaur Parneet , Stephen Joshi , Guleria Vishal Singh , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Girisha Katta Mohan , Bielas Stephanie , Upadhyai Priyanka , Shukla Anju 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRNA exosome is a highly conserved ribonuclease complex essential for RNA processing and degradation. Bi‐allelic variants in exosome subunits EXOSC3, EXOSC8 and EXOSC9 have been reported to cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B, type 1C and type 1D, respectively, while those in EXOSC2 cause short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and distinctive facies. We ascertained an 8‐months‐old male with developmental delay, microcephaly, subtle dysmorphism and hypotonia. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia and delayed myelination were noted on neuroimaging. A similarly affected elder sibling succumbed at the age of 4‐years 6‐months. Chromosomal microarray returned normal results. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous missense variant, c.104C > T p.(Ser35Leu) in EXOSC1 (NM_016046.5) as the possible candidate. In silico mutagenesis revealed loss of a polar contact with neighboring Leu37 residue. Quantitative real‐time PCR indicated no appreciable differences in EXOSC1 transcript levels. Immunoblotting and blue native PAGE revealed reduction in the EXOSC1 protein levels and EXO9 complex in the proband, respectively. We herein report an individual with the bi‐allelic variant c.104C>T p.(Ser35Leu) in EXOSC1 and clinical features of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1. Immunoblotting and blue native PAGE provide evidence for the pathogenicity of the variant. Thus, we propose EXOSC1 as a novel candidate gene for pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
Prenatal methadone exposure and child developmental outcomes in 2‐year‐old children
Authors: Levine Terri A , Davie‐Gray Alison , Kim Hyun Min , Lee Samantha J , Woodward Lianne J 
Published: January 2021

AimTo examine the developmental outcomes of children born to opioid‐dependent females enrolled in methadone maintenance and identify pre‐ and postnatal factors that place these children at developmental risk.MethodNinety‐nine methadone‐maintained females and their 100 infants (42 females, 58 males, mean gestational age 38.8wks) were recruited during pregnancy/at birth and studied to age 2 years alongside a regionally representative comparison group of 108 non‐methadone‐maintained females and their 110 infants (62 females, 48 males, mean gestational age 39.2wks). Information about perinatal exposure was collected from medical records, maternal urine and infant meconium toxicological analysis, maternal interviews (at birth and at 18mo), and a home visit (at 18mo). At age 2 years, child neuromotor function, cognition, language, and emotional/behavioral dysregulation were assessed.ResultsOpioid‐exposed children achieved lower motor, cognitive, and language scores and had poorer self, emotional, eating/feeding, and sensory processing regulation than unexposed children. After adjustment for maternal education and other substance use in pregnancy, between‐group differences in child motor, cognitive, and overall dysregulation remained. Postnatal parental and family factors explained a further 40% to 52% of between‐group differences in child outcomes.InterpretationThese children and families are extremely high‐risk and need antenatal and postnatal support. Children exposed to opioids during pregnancy have pervasive developmental difficulties by age 2 years. These challenges are largely explained by adverse pregnancy and socio‐environmental exposures, emphasizing the importance of specialist prenatal care and postnatal intervention support.
What this paper adds

Children born to opioid‐dependent females are at high risk of pervasive developmental problems.

These problems span a range of functional domains, including motor, cognitive, language, and behavioral/emotional dysregulation.

Contributing factors include other adverse pregnancy exposures, postnatal environmental factors, and the direct effects of prenatal opioid exposure.
Evolutionary modification of gastrulation in Parvulastra exigua, an asterinid seastar with holobenthic lecithotrophic development
Authors: Byrne Maria , Selvakumaraswamy Paulina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGastrulation is a fundamental morphogenetic process in development. In echinoderms with ancestral‐type development through feeding larvae, gastrulation involves radially symmetrical invagination of cells around the blastopore. Gastrulation in the seastar Parvulastra exigua, a species with non‐feeding larvae deviates from this pattern. Microinjection of cells with fluorescent lineage tracer dye revealed that early blastomeres contribute unequally to ectoderm and endoderm. In embryos injected at the two‐cell stage, asymmetry was evident in the fluorescence at the top of the archenteron and animal pole ectoderm. Archenteron elongation is driven by asymmetrical involution of cells with more cells crossing the blastopore on one side. Lineages of cells injected at the four‐cell stage also differed in allocation to endoderm and ectoderm. In embryos injected at the eight‐cell stage ectodermal and endodermal fates were evident reflecting the animal and vegetal fates determined by third cleavage as typical of echinoderms. Modification of gastrulation associated with evolution of development in P. exigua shows that this foundational morphogenetic process can be altered despite its importance for subsequent development. However, observations of slight asymmetry in the lineage fates of blastomeres in asterinids with planktotrophic development indicates that gastrulation by asymmetrical involution in P. exigua may be a hypertrophic elaboration of a pre‐existing state in ancestral‐type development. As for echinoids with lecithotrophic development, involution as a mechanism to contribute to archenteron elongation may be associated with the impact of extensive maternal nutritive reserves on the mechanics of cell movement and a novel innovation to facilitate early development of the adult rudiment.
Differential flight responses of two ambrosia beetles to ethanol as indicators of invasion biology: the case with Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea kuroshio) and fruit‐tree pinhole borer (Xyleborinus saxesenii)
Authors: Chen Yigen , Coleman Tom W. , Ranger Christopher M. , Seybold Steven J. 
Published: January 2021

1. Host selection and utilization by ambrosia beetles ranges from healthy trees to weakened, dying, or dead trees. Compared to weakened trees, healthy trees emit little to no ethanol, which is stress‐induced and a by‐product of anaerobic respiration. The current study tested the attraction of two invasive ambrosia beetles, Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB), one member of the species complex,Euwallaceanr.fornicatus, and fruit‐tree pinhole borer,Xyleborinus saxesenii, to four treatments with or without ethanol.2. GC–MS analyses confirmed the release of ethanol from the ethanol lure and boxelder log filled with ethanol and not from the other two treatments. Kuroshio shot hole borer was not preferentially attracted to any ethanol treatment, whereasX. saxeseniiresponded positively to the ethanol treatments. The boxelder bolt infused with ethanol was the most attractive treatment toX. saxesenii.3. We propose that the differential behavioural responses of these two ambrosia beetles to ethanol correspond to their differential aggressiveness for attacking healthy trees: KSHB attacks healthy trees, whereasX. saxeseniiattacks weakened trees. The proposal is further substantiated by a literature survey on bark and ambrosia beetles from Scolytinae. The survey also indicates that the majority of bark and ambrosia beetles from Scolytinae respond positively to ethanol.4. Although ethanol is widely used and is an effective lure for attraction of many bark and ambrosia beetles, findings from this current study and many others necessitate research and development of alternative lures for more aggressive species which are ecologically and economically more devastating.
The efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication in diabetics and its effect on glycemic control: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Xin , Cai Changzhou , Jin Qi , Chen Xueyang , Yu Chaohui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious studies have revealed the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and diabetes mellitus, but conflicts still exist. The present study tried to investigate the underlying link between these two diseases by making comprehensive analyses of the impact of diabetes on H. pylori eradication and the influence of H. pylori eradication on diabetes.MethodsWe systematically searched relevant studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase updated to April 23, 2020. Studies examining the association between H. pylori eradication and diabetes were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for different results.ResultsAmong the 2125 retrieved studies, 36 studies were included. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have higher risk of H. pylori eradication failure than the non‐diabetic one (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.82–3.70). Body mass index (BMI) was identified as a major factor affecting the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in diabetics, and better glycemic control was also found in eradication succeed patients (WMD: 0.51, 95% CI 0.20–0.81). Moreover, after eradication of H. pylori, improvement of HbA1c was proved (WMD = −0.33, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.02) in T2DM.ConclusionA higher risk of H. pylori eradication failure in T2DM was confirmed, and it was associated with BMI and glycemic control. Moreover, we also provided evidence that H. pylori eradication could improve glycemic control in patients with T2DM, which indirectly reflect the interaction between H. pylori and the diabetes.
Virologic analysis of tenofovir resistance in a patient with chronic hepatitis B experiencing viral breakthrough during combination treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir
Authors: Suzuki Fumitaka , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Kawamura Yusuke , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kobayashi Mariko , Mineta Rie , Suzuki Yukiko , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely used to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients worldwide. We previously reported a patient with CHB and cirrhosis in whom viral breakthrough occurred during combination therapy with TDF and entecavir (ETV) against ETV‐resistant virus. A recent Korean report showed that two patients with viral breakthrough during treatment with TDF‐containing regimens were found to carry five reverse transcriptase (rt) mutations ([rt]S106C[C], rtH126Y[Y], rtD134E[E], rtM204I/V, and rtL269I [I]), with the C, Y, E, and I mutations being associated with tenofovir resistance. We report the clinical course up to September 2019 in our patient, and compare the HBV mutations to those of the two Korean patients. Four mutations (rtS106C, rtD134N/S[N/S], rtM204V, and rtL269I) plus ETV resistance (rtL180M and rtS202G) existed when she developed viral breakthrough during ETV and TDF combination therapy in April 2013. Moreover, three mutations (rtS106C, rtD134N, and rtL269I) existed at baseline. Our patient's father is Korean. Considering these factors, patients with these three or four mutations (CYEI or CN/SI) at baseline could experience tenofovir resistance in addition to lamivudine (LAM) or ETV resistance. In addition, HBV DNA levels fluctuated during tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and LAM therapy in our patient, although treatment was switched from LAM, TDF, and ETV to LAM and TAF combination therapy in April 2018. In conclusion, three mutations (CN/SI) plus ETV resistance (rtL180M, rtM204V, and rtS202G) can cause tenofovir resistance. Long‐term therapy with tenofovir against ETV‐resistant virus has the potential to induce viral breakthrough and resistance, necessitating careful follow‐up.
Can an online mental health training programme improve physician supervisors' behaviour towards trainees?
Authors: Gayed Aimee , Kugenthiran Nathasha , LaMontagne Anthony D. , Christensen Helen , Glozier Nick , Harvey Samuel B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysician trainees have elevated rates of psychological distress, mental disorders and suicide. Physician supervisors can support the mental health needs of trainees.AimsTo test the feasibility and acceptability of a tailored online mental health training programme and to ascertain the potential effectiveness of the programme to alter the confidence and behaviours of physician supervisors.MethodsThirty Australian hospital‐based physicians who were supervising physician trainees participated in this quasi‐experimental pre–post pilot study. All received the intervention that comprised 12 5‐min modules to complete over a 3‐week period. Baseline and post‐intervention data were collected. The primary outcome evaluated participants' confidence to respond to trainees experiencing mental ill‐health and promote a mentally healthy workplace. Secondary outcomes evaluated change in self‐reported behaviour, mental health knowledge and stigmatising attitudes. Differences in mean scale scores for each outcome measure from baseline and post‐intervention were compared using paired sample t‐tests.ResultsThirty physicians completed the baseline assessment and 23 (76.7%) completed all programme modules. Most participants found the programme engaging, interesting and useful. Post‐intervention data, available for 25 (83.3%) participants, showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge of their role in supporting trainees under their supervision (P = 0.002), confidence to initiate conversations about mental health with staff (P < 0.001), and application of preventive and responsive supervisory behaviours to support the mental health needs of those they supervise (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis online mental health training programme for physician supervisors was feasible and associated with improved confidence and behaviour to support the mental health needs of trainees they supervised.