bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of perinatal palliative care following prenatal diagnosis of major, incurable fetal anomalies: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: de Barbeyrac C , Roth P , Noël C , Anselem O , Gaudin A , Roumegoux C , Azcona B , Castel C , Noret M , Letamendia E , Stirnemann J , Ville Y , Lapillonne A , Viallard M‐L , Kermorvant‐Duchemin E ,   the PALLIMAGE Study Group
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo describe prenatal decision‐making processes and birth plans in pregnancies amenable to planning perinatal palliative care.DesignMulticentre prospective observational study.SettingNine Multidisciplinary Centres for Prenatal Diagnosis of the Paris‐Ile‐de‐France region.PopulationAll cases of major and incurable fetal anomaly eligible for TOP where limitation of life‐sustaining treatments for the neonate was discussed in the prenatal period between 2015 and 2016.MethodsCases of congenital defects amenable to perinatal palliative care were prospectively included in each centre. Prenatal diagnosis, decision‐making process, type of birth plan, birth characteristics, pregnancy and neonatal outcome were collected prospectively and anonymously.Main outcome measureFinal decision reached following discussions in the antenatal period.ResultsWe identified 736 continuing pregnancies with a diagnosis of a severe fetal condition eligible for TOP. Perinatal palliative care was considered in 102/736 (13.9%) pregnancies (106 infants); discussions were multidisciplinary in 99/106 (93.4%) cases. Prenatal birth plans involved life‐sustaining treatment limitation and comfort care in 73/736 (9.9%) of the pregnancies. The main reason for planning palliative care at birth was short‐term inevitable death in 39 cases (53.4%). In all, 76/106 (71.7%) infants were born alive, and 18/106 (17%) infants were alive at last follow‐up, including four with a perinatal palliative care birth plan.ConclusionsOnly a small proportion of severe and incurable fetal disorders were potentially amenable to limitation of life‐sustaining interventions. Perinatal palliative care may not be considered a universal alternative to termination of pregnancy.Tweetable abstractPerinatal palliative care is planned in 10% of continuing pregnancies with a major and incurable fetal condition eligible for TOP.
Intrapartum antibiotics and childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Richards M , Ferber J , Swor E , Frescholtz T , Li D‐K , Darrow LA 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between intrapartum antibiotics (IABX) and asthma and allergic rhinitis among children by ages 6, 8 and 10 years.DesignRetrospective cohort.Setting and populationData were collected though Kaiser Permanente Northern California’s (KPNC) integrated healthcare system. Children were eligible if they were born in a KPNC hospital between 1997 and 2012 and stayed enrolled through age 6.MethodsModified Poisson regressions with robust error variances were used to estimate risk ratios for IABX and each outcome at each follow‐up age during two separate time periods: 1997–2004 (n = 91 739) and 2005–2012 (n = 108 314).Main outcome measuresAsthma and allergic rhinitis by ages 6, 8 and 10.ResultsThe proportion of women receiving IABX increased drastically over the study period (from 4% in 1997 to 49% in 2011), while the incidence of asthma (8%) and allergic rhinitis (6%) stayed relatively stable. In adjusted models, risk ratios for the association between IABX and asthma and allergic rhinitis were largely compatible with the null, with some slightly elevated risk ratios observed. For births from 1997 to 2004, risk ratios for asthma were 1.08 (95% CI 1.00–1.17) at age 6, 1.05 (95% CI 0.97–1.15) at age 8, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99–1.18) at age 10. For births from 2005 to 2012, risk ratios were 1.00 (95% CI 0.95–1.04) at age 6, 1.07 (95% CI 1.01–1.12) at age 8, and 1.11 (95% CI 1.03–1.20) at age 10.ConclusionsExposure to intrapartum antibiotics is not a strong predictor of childhood asthma or allergic rhinitis risk.Tweetable abstractExposure to intrapartum antibiotics is not a strong predictor of childhood asthma or allergic rhinitis risk.
A novel exome probe set captures phototransduction genes across birds (Aves) enabling efficient analysis of vision evolution
Authors: White Noor D. , Batz Zachary A. , Braun Edward L. , Braun Michael J. , Carleton Karen L. , Kimball Rebecca T. , Swaroop Anand 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe diversity of avian visual phenotypes provides a framework for studying mechanisms of trait diversification generally, and the evolution of vertebrate vision, specifically. Previous research has focused on opsins, but to fully understand visual adaptation, we must study the complete phototransduction cascade (PTC). Here, we developed a probe set that captures exonic regions of 46 genes representing the PTC and other light responses. For a subset of species, we directly compared gene capture between our probe set and low‐coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS), and we discuss considerations for choosing between these methods. Finally, we developed a unique strategy to avoid chimeric assembly by using “decoy” reference sequences. We successfully captured an average of 64% of our targeted exome in 46 species across 14 orders using the probe set and had similar recovery using the WGS data. Compared to WGS or transcriptomes, our probe set: (1) reduces sequencing requirements by efficiently capturing vision genes, (2) employs a simpler bioinformatic pipeline by limiting required assembly and negating annotation, and (3) eliminates the need for fresh tissues, enabling researchers to leverage existing museum collections. We then utilized our vision exome data to identify positively selected genes in two evolutionary scenarios—evolution of night vision in nocturnal birds and evolution of high‐speed vision specific to manakins (Pipridae). We found parallel positive selection of SLC24A1 in both scenarios, implicating the alteration of rod response kinetics, which could improve color discrimination in dim light conditions and/or facilitate higher temporal resolution.
DNA methylation as a tool to explore ageing in wild roe deer populations
Authors: Lemaître Jean‐François , Rey Benjamin , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Régis Corinne , Gilot‐Fromont Emmanuelle , Débias François , Duhayer Jeanne , Pardonnet Sylvia , Pellerin Maryline , Haghani Amin , Zoller Joseph A. , Li Caesar Z. , Horvath Steve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDNA methylation‐based biomarkers of ageing (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights into evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic ageing effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long‐term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chizé and Trois‐Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts, to investigate the relationship between chronological age and levels of DNA methylation (DNAm). We generated novel DNA methylation data fromn = 94 blood samples, from which we extracted leucocyte DNA, using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We present three DNA methylation‐based estimators of age (DNAm or epigenetic age), which were trained in males, females, and both sexes combined. We investigated how sex differences influenced the relationship between DNAm age and chronological age using sex‐specific epigenetic clocks. Our results highlight that old females may display a lower degree of biological ageing than males. Further, we identify the main sites of epigenetic alteration that have distinct ageing patterns between the two sexes. These findings open the door to promising avenues of research at the crossroads of evolutionary biology and biogerontology.
MGMT gene promoter methylation in humoral tissue as biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis: An update meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Bizheng , Ying Xiaozhen , Bao Liming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate O‐6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter methylation in humoral tissue as biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis by pooling relevant open published data.MethodsClinical studies relevant to MGMT gene promoter methylation and lung cancer were systematic electronic searched in the databases of Medline, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, and CNKI. Data of true positive (tp), false positive (fp), false negative (fn), and true negative (tn) were extracted from the included studies and made combination. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of MGMT gene methylation for lung cancer diagnosis were pooled.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, DOR were 0.39 (95% CI = 0.31–0.49) 0.92 (95% CI = 0.77–0.97), and 4.20 (95% CI = 2.09–8.44), respectively under random effect model. The SROC of MGMT gene methylation for lung cancer diagnosis was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.53–0.62).ConclusionMGMT methylation rate was higher in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLAF) of lung cancer cases compared to controls. High diagnostic specificity indicated that MGMT methylation in plasma and BLAF can be applied as lung cancer confirmation test.
The ultrastructure of spermatogenic cells and morphological evaluation of testicular development in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Yaya , Wang Yajun , Hu Jiabao , Zhang Man , Sun Yibo , Gu Weiwei , Zhang Youyi , Sun Jiachu , Jacques Kimran Jean , Xu Shanliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is a widely distributed and economically important marine fish in the Indo‐Pacific. In this study, we acquired the second generation of wild P. argenteus by artificial breeding and further studied the testicular development and ultrastructure of spermatogenesis. The results of gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed the spawning period of this marine fish was from April to June. Besides, through morphological analysis, we found that P. argenteus had an anastomosing tubular testis surrounded by a layer of tunica albuginea, in which spermatogenesis occurred in cysts where the synchronous germ cells were completely surrounded by the cytoplasmic projection of Sertoli cells. Meanwhile, based on submicroscopic characteristics, the germ cells are classified into nine different types. During the ontogenesis of testis, both the early stage of spermatogenesis and sperm were observed in P. argenteus. At sperm maturation stage, different types of spermatozoa and activation of sperms occurred non‐synchronously in the tubules. Cytoplasmic bridges also were observed among synchronous germ cells within the cysts, suggesting an interrelated and differentiated relationship among these germ cells.
Prediction of total corneal power from measured anterior corneal power on the IOLMaster 700 using a feedforward shallow neural network
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Cayless Alan , Szentmáry Nóra , Weisensee Johannes , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe corneal back surface is known to add some astigmatism against‐the‐rule, which has to be considered in cataract surgery with toric lens implantation. The purpose of this study was to set up a deep learning algorithm which predicts the total corneal power from keratometry and biometric measures.MethodsBased on a large data set of measurements with the IOLMaster 700 from two clinical centres, data from N = 21 108 eyes were included, each record containing valid data for keratometry K, total keratometry TK, axial length AL, central corneal thickness CCT, anterior chamber depth ACD, lens thickness LT and horizontal corneal diameter W2W from an individual eye. After a vector decomposition of K and TK into equivalent power (.EQ) and projections of astigmatism to the 0°/90° (.AST0°) and 45°/135° (.AST45°) axis, a multi‐output feedforward shallow neural network was derived to predict TK from K, AL, CCT, ACD, LT, W2W and patient age.ResultsAfter some trial and error, the neural network having a Levenberg–Marquardt training function and three hidden layers (10/8/5 neurons) performed best and showed a fast convergence. The data set was split into training data (70%), validation data (15%) and test data (15%). The prediction error (predicted corneal power CPpred minus TK) of the network trained with the training and cross‐validated with test data showed systematically narrower distributions for CPEQ‐TKEQ, CPAST0°‐TKAST0° and CPAST45°‐TKAST45° compared with KEQ‐TKEQ, KAST0°‐TKAST0° and KAST45°‐TKAST45° . There was no systematic offset in the components between CPpred and TK.ConclusionUnlike any fixed correction term, which can compensate only for a static intercept of the astigmatic components TKEQ, TKAST0° and TKAST45° compared with KEQ, KAST0° and KAST45°, our trained neural network was able to reduce the variance in the prediction error significantly. This neural network could be used to account for the corneal back surface astigmatism for biometers where the corneal back surface measurement or total keratometry is not available.
Cognitive and social cognition deficits in Huntington’s disease differ between the prodromal and the manifest stages of the condition: A scoping review of recent evidence
Authors: Cavallo Marco , Sergi Antonietta , Pagani Marco 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveHuntington’s disease (HD) is a dramatic neurodegenerative disorder encompassing severe motor symptoms coupled to significant cognitive and social cognition deficits. However, it is not clear whether and how patients’ neuropsychological profile changes between the prodromal and the manifest stages of the condition. The aim of the present in‐depth review is to consider cognitive and social cognition impairment in HD patients by differentiating deficits arising before diagnosis from those evident from the manifest phase onwards.MethodsElectronic databases were searched between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2020 by using multiple combinations of keywords related to the investigation of neuropsychological profile in HD for preliminary search, and by defining strict selection criteria for studies to be included.ResultsForty‐two studies were included. Evidence suggests that the neuropsychological profile in HD reflects a complex pathological spectrum of deficits. It includes impairment in the realms of executive functions, memory, attention, information processing, and social cognition. Interestingly, patients’ profiles differ significantly between the manifest and the prodromal stages of their condition, not only in quantitative terms but also from a qualitative point of view.ConclusionsResearchers and clinicians should thus include in clinical routine timely and specific neuropsychological assessments in order to monitor patients’ cognitive status as time goes by, with the ultimate goal to implement effective clinical management strategies.Practitioner points

The neuropsychological profile in HD encompasses a complex pathological spectrum of deficits.

Patients’ profiles differ significantly between the manifest and the prodromal stages of their condition.

Clinicians should include in everyday practice a timely and specific neuropsychological assessment.

Detecting patients’ cognitive status during the early stages of the condition already can contribute significantly to implement effective clinical management strategies.
The importance of an inclusive alumni network for ensuring effective transitions into employment and future destinations for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Blake Hannah , Hanson Jill , Clark Lewis 
Published: October 2021

Accessible summary

Sometimes people go back to their school to talk to students about the experiences that they have had to help the current learners think about what they would like to do in the future.

People with learning disabilities do not often get to talk about their future careers and aspirations, and we think this is unfair.

We wanted to find out how older students with learning disabilities could help current students with learning disabilities think about their future.

We believe that people with learning disabilities are often left out of careers events, and we think this needs to be changed.

We talked to school and college staff about how they thought people with learning disabilities could be better included.

AbstractBackgroundResearch has previously been undertaken around the subject of alumni networks, yet it remains to touch upon the inclusivity of these networks, particularly relating to people with learning disabilities. Referring to Law's “Community Interaction Theory”, this study sets out to explore how education providers understand and implement alumni networks and how these networks can be adapted to enhance career and life course aspirations for people with learning disabilities.MethodsThe data collection process was part of a larger, innovative project that set out to address the issue of inclusion in the labour market for people with learning disabilities. Six education providers participated in focus groups. In one special educational needs college two students with learning disabilities also participated.Participants were asked about what alumni means to them, their experiences of engaging alumni and what impact an inclusive alumni network could have on their educational setting.FindingsThe findings show that participants are aware of the importance of creating an inclusive alumni network and recognised the benefits it could bring to their institute and their learners with learning disabilities, but any signs of an alumni network were yet to be implemented.ConclusionThis research contributes to data and debate on the relationship between social inclusion and education for people with learning disabilities. The research demonstrates the impact that an inclusive alumni network could have for young people with learning disabilities and how it could promote confidence and aspirations not only in the young people themselves but the whole community with whom they interact. It initiates a discussion about the importance of an inclusive alumni network in education to further support people with learning disabilities to take part in society and be reciprocally active in its spaces.
Clinical outcomes of all‐ceramic single crowns and fixed dental prostheses supported by ceramic implants: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Spitznagel Frank Akito , Balmer Marc , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Jung Ronald Ernst , Gierthmuehlen Petra Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical outcomes of all‐ceramic single crowns (SCs) and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) supported by ceramic implants.Materials and MethodsBased on a focused question and customized PICO framework, electronic (Medline/EMBASE/Cochrane) and manual searches for studies reporting the clinical outcomes of all‐ceramic SCs and FDPs supported by ceramic implants ≥12 months were performed. The primary outcomes were reconstruction survival and the chipping proportion. The secondary outcomes were implant survival, technical complications, and patient‐related outcome measurements. Meta‐analyses were performed after 1, 2, and 5 years using random‐effect meta‐analyses.ResultsEight of the 1,403 initially screened titles and 55 full texts were included. Five reported on monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2) SCs, one on veneered zirconia SCs, and two on veneered zirconia SCs and FDPs, which reported all on cement‐retained reconstructions (mean observation: 12.0–61.0 months). Meta‐analyses estimated a 5‐year survival rate of 94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82%–100%) for overall implant survival. Reconstruction survival proportions after 5 years were: monolithic LS2, 100% (95%CI: 95%–100%); veneered zirconia SCs, 89% (95%CI: 62%–100%); and veneered zirconia FDPs 94% (95%CI: 81%–100%). The chipping proportion after 5 years was: monolithic LS2, 2% (95%CI: 0%–11%); veneered zirconia SCs, 38% (95%CI: 24%–54%); and veneered zirconia FDPs, 57% (95%CI: 38%–76%). Further outcomes were summarized descriptively.ConclusionsDue to the limited data available, only tendencies could be identified. All‐ceramic reconstructions supported by ceramic implants demonstrated promising survival rates after mid‐term observation. However, high chipping proportions of veneered zirconia SCs and, particularly, FDPs diminished the overall outcome. Monolithic LS2 demonstrated fewer clinical complications. Monolithic reconstructions could be a valid treatment option for ceramic implants.
The role of ventilatory support for long‐term outcomes after critical infection with COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hanna Gabriel , Bankler Sara , Schandl Anna , Roël Mari , Hedman Anders , Andersson Franko Mikael , Lyngå Patrik , Geborek Anne , Joelsson‐Alm Eva , Söderberg Mårten , Darlington Pernilla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe full range of long‐term health consequences in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors with COVID‐19 is unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of ventilatory support for long‐term pulmonary impairment in critically ill patients and further to identify risk factors for prolonged radiological recovery.MethodsA prospective observational study from a single general hospital, including all with COVID‐19 admitted to ICU between March and August 2020, investigating the association between ventilatory support and the extent of residual parenchymal changes on chest computed tomography (CT) scan and measurement of lung volumes at follow‐up comparing high‐flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) with invasive ventilation. A semi‐quantitative score (CT involvement score) based on lobar involvement and a total score for all five lobes was used to estimate residual parenchymal changes. The association was calculated with logistic regression and adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and severity of illness.ResultsAmong the 187 eligible, 86 had a chest CT scan and 76 a pulmonary function test at the follow‐up with a median time of 6 months after ICU discharge. Residual lung changes were seen in 74%. The extent of pulmonary changes was similar regardless of ventilatory support, but patients with invasive ventilation had a lower total lung capacity 84% versus 92% of predicted (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe majority of ICU‐treated patients with COVID‐19 had residual lung changes at 6 months of follow‐up regardless of ventilator support or not, but the total lung capacity was lower in those treated with invasive ventilation.
Avoiding a conservation pitfall: Considering the risks of unsuitably hot bat boxes: Adding context to Crawford & O'Keefe
Authors: Brack Virgil , Sparks Dale W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs practitioners of mitigation and conservation of bats, we think use of artificial bat roosts contribute to bat conservation and should be encouraged. Problems with boxes identified by Reed and O'Keefe also exist with natural roosts, and they are more readily studied and managed with artificial than natural roosts. Use of boxes also provides an opportunity for citizen science, but more importantly engenders citizen conservation.