bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Comparison of Cross-Linking and Non-Crosslinking Probe-Gold Nanoparticle Hybridization Assays for Direct Detection of Unamplified Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-RNA
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Rastegarzadeh Saadat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major economic disease that has been spread in most countries. In addition to vaccination, one of the main ways to control the disease and prevent it from spreading is to detect and cull infected animals, especially those with persistent infection (PI). We developed and compared two colorimetric biosensor assays based on probe-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to detect BVDV. Specific probes were designed to detect the 5ʹ untranslated region of BVDV-RNA. The thiolated probes were immobilized on the surface of the AuNPs. Two methods of cross-linking (CL) and non-crosslinking (NCL) probe-AuNPs hybridization were developed and compared. Results: The hybridization of positive targets with the two probe-AuNPs formed a polymeric network between the AuNPs which led to the aggregation of nanoparticles and color change from red to blue. Alternatively, in the NCL mode, the hybridization of complementary targets with the probe-AuNPs resulted in the increased electrostatic repulsion in nanoparticles and the increased stabilization against salt-induced aggregation. The CL and NCL assays had detection limits of 6.83 and 44.36 ng/reaction, respectively. Conclusion: The CL assay showed a higher sensitivity and specificity; in contrast, the NCL assay did not require optimizing and controlling of hybridization temperature and showed a higher response speed. However, both the developed methods are cost-effective and easy to perform and also could be implemented on-site or in local laboratories in low-resource countries.
Effect of COVID-19 on Childhood Mycoplasma Pneumoniae&nbsp;Infection in Chengdu, China
Authors: Huang Yijie , Zhang Ying , Ai Tao , Jun Luo , Liu Hanmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a change in the incidence and transmission of respiratory pathogens was observed. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiologic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among children in Chengdu, one of the largest cities of western China.Method. M. pneumoniae infection was diagnosed in 33,345 pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms at the Chengdu Women’s & Children’s Central Hospital between January 2017 and September 2020, based on a titer of ³1:160 measured by the passive agglutination assay. Differences in infection rates were examined by sex, age, and temporal distribution.Results. Two epidemic outbreaks occurred between October–December 2017 and April–December 2019, and two infection peaks were detected in the second and fourth quarters of 2017, 2018, and 2019. Due to the public health response to COVID-19, the number of positive M. pneumoniae cases significantly decreased in the second quarter of 2020. The rate of M. pneumoniae infection among children aged 3–6 years was higher than that in other age groups.Conclusion. Preschool children are more susceptible to M. pneumoniae infection and close contact appears to be the predominant factor favoring pathogen transmission. The public health response to COVID-19 can effectively control the transmission of M. pneumoniae.
Peritoneal Tuberculosis in Children Over the Last Decade: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dekeryte Inga , Lukosiute-Urboniene Ausra , Donielaite-Anise Kamile , Kilda Arturas , Bagdzevicius Robertas , Barauskas Vidmantas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis remains a public health issue. Peritoneal tuberculosis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis and it accounts for less than 1% of all tuberculosis cases in children. The aim was to asses experience and struggles in diagnosing peritoneal tuberculosis in children.Methods: Systematic review of literature from the PubMed database was conducted including cases of children with peritoneal tuberculosis during 2008-2019 years. Results: The search yielded 2309 potentially relevant articles, 11 met inclusion criteria with total number of 48 patients (4 our cases, 44 from the literature). 29 (60.4%) were males with the median age of 11 years and 19 (39.6%) females with the median age of 10. The contact with active tuberculosis was reported in 16 cases (33.3%). Tuberculin skin test was performed in 42 cases (87.5%) with only 43.7% positive. The mean time from symptoms presentation until hospitalization was 30.6 days. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (70.8%), abdominal distention (66.7%) and fever (54.2%). The most common ultrasound findings were free fluid in pelvic cavity (70.8%) and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (52.1%). The majority of culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples were negative. Surgery was performed in 36 (75%) cases with the most common findings of tubercles (63.8%), peritonitis (41.6%) and ascites (36.1%). Histopathological biopsy evaluation was performed in 38 (79.2%) patients and in all cases tuberculosis granulomas were confirmed.Conclusions: Clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological findings are nonspecific for peritoneal tuberculosis in children. This systematic review shows that peritoneal tuberculosis was diagnosed by surgical intervention in most of the cases. Accordingly, we suggest the algorithm of less invasive procedures and tests before surgical intervention.
Characteristics of HER2 FISH-Equivocal Breast Cancers and the Impacts on HER2 Status of 2018 ASCO/CAP Guideline
Authors: Kong Hui , Bai Qianming , Li Anqi , Zhou Xiaoyan , Yang Wentao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: According to 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline, HER2 FISH-equivocal breast cancers will be categorized as HER2 negative except those with HER2 IHC 3+. However, whether or not HER2 FISH-equivocal breast cancers was a heterogeneous group has not been well illustrated.Methods: 195 HER2 FISH-equivocal breast cancers were collected between 2014 and 2018. The molecular subtype was determined according to 2013 St Gallen consensus, and HER2 status was also redefined following 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline. All cases were classified into 4 groups according to the average HER2 copy number (4.0-4.4, 4.5-4.9, 5.0-5.4, 5.5-5.9 signals/cell). The relationship between HER2 copy number and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results: 183 (93.8%) of 195 FISH-equivocal cases were of luminal subtype, while the other 12 (6.2%) were undetermined. Using 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline, all FISH-equivocal cases were recategorized to HER2 negative. Therefore, 31(15.9%) cases were luminal A-like, 152 (77.9%) were luminal B-like (HER2 negative) and 12 (6.2%) were triple negative. The average HER2 copy number showed positive correlation with chromosome 17 polysomy, but had no significant association with other clinicopathological parameters as well as prognosis. 17 (8.7%) cases were treated with trastuzumab, but showed no difference in prognosis with patients who didn’t receive targeted therapy.Conclusions: In this study, all HER2 FISH-equivocal breast cancers were reclassified to be HER2 negative according to 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline. Most of these patients were luminal B-like (HER2 negative). The average HER2 copy number had no significant association with clinicopathological parameters, as well as prognosis.
An All-in-One Biomimetic 2D Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Radhakrishnan Shiva Subbulakshmi , Dodda Akhil , Das Saptarshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In spite of recent advancements in bio-realistic artificial neural networks such as spiking neural networks (SNNs), the energy efficiency, multifunctionality, adaptability, and integrated nature of biological neural networks (BNNs) largely remain unimitated in hardware neuromorphic computing systems. Here we exploit optoelectronic and programmable memory devices based on emerging two-dimensional (2D) layered materials such as MoS2 to demonstrate an “all-in-one” hardware SNN system which is capable of sensing, encoding, unsupervised learning, and inference at miniscule energy expenditure. In short, we have utilized photogating effect in MoS2 based neuromorphic phototransistor for sensing and direct encoding of analog optical information into graded spike trains, we have designed MoS2 based neuromorphic encoding module for conversion of spike trains into spike-count and spike-timing based programming voltages, and finally we have used arrays of programmable MoS2 non-volatile synapses for spike-based unsupervised learning and inference. We also demonstrate adaptability of our SNN for learning under scotopic (low-light) and photopic (bright-light) conditions mimicking neuroplasticity of BNNs. Furthermore, we use our hardware SNN platform to show learning challenges under specific synaptic conditions, which can aid in understanding learning disabilities in BNNs. Our findings highlight the potential of in-memory computing and sensing based on emerging 2D materials, devices, and circuits not only to overcome the bottleneck of von Neumann computing in conventional CMOS designs but also aid in eliminating peripheral components necessary for competing technologies such as memristors, RRAM, PCM, etc. as well as bridge the understanding between neuroscience of learning and machine learning.
Rasch Model of the COVID-19 Symptom Checklist - Towards a Higher Quality of Self-Reported Measurement
Authors: Stamm Tanja A , Ritschl Valentin , Omara Maisa , Andrews Margaret R , Mevenkamp Nils , Rzepka Angelika , Schirmer Michael , Walch Siegfried , Salzberger Thomas , Mosor Erika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Inaccurate measurement of self-reported instruments including questionnaires and symptom checklists jeopardizes the comparability of the results. We therefore used advanced psychometric modelling to determine if the fundamental principles of measurement of an online self-reported COVID-19 symptom checklist were met or whether adaptations were necessary to increase measurement precision.Methods: Fit to the Rasch model was examined in a sample of 1638 Austrian citizens who completed an online COVID-19 symptom checklist on up to 20 days during a period of restrictive country-wide COVID-19 measures.Results: The longitudinal application of the self-reported COVID-19 symptom checklist increased the fit to the Rasch model. The items ‘fatigue’, ‘headache’ and ‘sneezing’ had the highest likelihood to be affirmed. The item ‘cough’ showed a significant misfit to the fundamental measurement model and an additional dependency to ’dry cough/no sputum production’. Several personal factors, such as gender, age group, educational status, COVID-19 test status, comorbidities, immunosuppressive medication, pregnancy and pollen allergy led to systematic differences in the patterns of how symptoms were affirmed. Adjustments ranged from ±0.25 to ±0.01 on the metric scales (0 to 10) to which the raw scores were transformed.Conclusion: Except for some basic adaptations, the present analysis supports the combination of items. More accurate item wordings co-created with lay persons and adjustments for personal factors would increase measurement precision of the self-reported COVID-19 symptom checklist.
Entropic Uncertainty Principle, Partition Function and Holographic Principle derived from Liouville's Theorem
Authors: Parker M.C. , Jeynes C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An entropic version of Liouville’s theorem is defined in terms of the conjugate variables (“hyperbolic position” and “entropic momentum”) of an entropic Hamiltonian. It is used to derive the Holographic Principle as applied to holomorphic structures that represent maximum entropy configurations. The Bekenstein-Hawking expression for black hole entropy is a consequence. Based on the entropic commutator derived from Liouville’s theorem and the same entropic conjugate variables, an entropic Uncertainty Principle (in units of Boltzmann’s constant) isomorphic to the kinematic Uncertainty Principle (in units of Planck’s constant) is also derived. These formal developments underpin the previous treatment of Quantitative Geometrical Thermodynamics (QGT) which has established (entirely on geometric entropy grounds) the stability of the double-helix, the double logarithmic spiral, and the sphere. Since in the QGT formalism the Boltzmann and Planck constants are quanta of quantities orthogonal to each other in Minkowski spacetime, a solution of the Schrödinger Equation is demonstrated isomorphic to a probability term of an entropic Partition Function, where both are defined by path integrals obeying the stationary principle: this isomorphism represents an important symmetry of the formalism. The geometry of a holomorphic structure must also exhibit at least C2 symmetry.
Application of innovations in neurobiology and cognitive science for the successful development of the economic well-being of youth in the digital economy
Authors: Зайцев И.А. , Зайцева Т.С. 
Published: February 2021

В статье доказана необходимость применения нейробиологических инноваций в работе с молодежью в условиях цифровой экономики. Рассмотрено влияние когнитивистики в экономическом развитии социальной группы. Рассмотрено влияние цифровых сервисов и инноваций на благосостояние молодежи. Для достижения поставленной цели было разобрано большое количество материалов, статей и книг известных авторов. В работе были применены методы анализа и синтеза, а также социально-экономического моделирования. Результатом статьи является подробное описание преимуществ, которые обеспечивает применение инноваций в области нейробиологии и когнитивистики для успешного развития экономического благосостояния молодежи, как социальной группы, в условиях цифровизации экономической среды.
The article proves the need for the use of neurobiological innovations in working with youth in a digital economy. The influence of cognitive science in the economic development of a social group is considered. The influence of digital services and innovations on the well-being of youth is considered. To achieve this goal, a large number of materials, articles and books by famous authors were analyzed. In the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as socio-economic modeling were applied. The result of the article is a detailed description of the benefits provided by the use of innovations in the field of neurobiology and cognitive science for the successful development of the economic well-being of youth, as a social group, in the context of digitalization of the economic environment.
Foreign direct investment as a factor of technological development of the national economy
Authors: Веселовский М.Я. , Погодина Т.В. 
Published: February 2021

Привлечение инвестиций является стратегическим фактором и важным условием обеспечения динамичного социально-экономического и инновационно-технологического развития стран и регионов. В процессе исследования систематизированы факторы, условия и стимулы, оказывающие непосредственное воздействие на привлечение прямых иностранных инвестиций в экономику экономически развитых стран и России. Теоретически обосновано наличие внешних эффектов от привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций, которые подразделяются на горизонтальные (внутриотраслевые и внутрирегиональные), вертикальные (межотраслевые и межрегиональные) эффекты. На основе анализа динамики иностранного инвестирования в экономику российских регионов выявлено, что в большей степени в России проявляются горизонтальные внешние эффекты. Исследованы тенденции валового накопления основного капитала в разрезе различных стран, на основе которых в целом прямые иностранные инвестиции повышают уровень конкуренции, способствуют внедрению современных управленческих решений и прогрессивных технологий. Предложены методические подходы по повышению инвестиционной привлекательности отраслей и регионов для инвесторов.
ttracting investment is a strategic factor and an important condition for ensuring the dynamic socio-economic and innovative-technological development of countries and regions. The study systematizes factors, conditions and incentives that have a direct impact on attracting foreign direct investment in the economy of economically developed countries and Russia. Theoretically, the presence of external effects from attracting foreign direct investment, which are divided into horizontal (intra-industry and intra-regional), vertical (inter-industry and interregional) effects, is proved. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of foreign investment in the economy of Russian regions, it is revealed that horizontal external effects are more pronounced in Russia. The trends of gross fixed capital accumulation in the context of various countries are studied, on the basis of which, in General, foreign direct investment increases the level of competition, contributes to the introduction of modern management solutions and advanced technologies. Methodological approaches are proposed to increase the investment attractiveness of industries and regions for investors.
Objectives of regional energy efficiency management system development
Authors: Полетаев И.Ю. 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные направления технологических мероприятий по повышению энергоэффективности экономики регионов Российской Федерации. Обращается внимание на роль системного подхода к решению вопросов энергоэффективности. Обращается особое внимание на объединение интересов и усилий государственных органов исполнительной власти всех уровней, организаций всех форм собственности и граждан. Показана необходимость создания системы государственного управления эффективностью использования энергоресурсов и сети государственных Координационных центров. Обоснована необходимость законодательного повышения правового статуса существующих региональных центров энергосбережения (энергоэффективности), создав на их базе государственные Координационные центры управления энергоэффективностью с передачей им, полностью или частично, функций и полномочий Федеральной и региональных энергетических комиссий.
The article discusses the main directions of technological measures to improve the energy efficiency of the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the role of a systematic approach to solving energy efficiency issues. Special attention is paid to combining the interests and efforts of state Executive bodies at all levels, organizations of all forms of ownership and country nationals. The necessity of creating a system of state management of energy efficiency and a network of State Coordination centers is shown. The necessity of legislative improvement of the legal status of existing regional energy saving (energy efficiency) centers by creating on their basis state Coordination centers for energy efficiency management with the transfer to them, in whole or in part, of the functions and powers of the Federal and regional energy commissions is justified.
Strategy of increasing the investment attractiveness of a resource-deficient region
Authors: Сорокина Е.А. 
Published: February 2021

В статье автор обосновал цель установления «инвестиционного статуса региона». Представил совокупность действий по формированию стратегии повышения инвестиционной привлекательности ресурсодефицитного региона. Раскрыл составляющие оценки инвестиционного статуса региона. Обосновал направления стратегий повышения инвестиционной привлекательности ресурсодефицитных регионов: стратегия стимулирования инвестиционной активности, стратегия инновационного развития региона, стратегия продвижения инвестиционной среды региона. Раскрыты возможные мероприятия, реализуемые в рамках предложенных стратегий.
n the article, the author substantiated the goal of establishing the «investment status of the region». He presented a set of actions to form a strategy for increasing the investment attractiveness of a resource-deficient region. He revealed the components of the assessment of the investment status of the region. He substantiated the directions of strategies for increasing the investment attractiveness of resource-deficient regions: a strategy for stimulating investment activity, a strategy for innovative development of the region, a strategy for promoting the investment environment of the region. Possible activities implemented within the proposed strategies are disclosed.
Justification of the program motion model for space-based Earth observation systems
Authors: Виноградов Д.В. 
Published: February 2021

статье рассматривается вопрос об автономном управлении космическими аппаратами (КА) в составе космических систем дистанционного зондирования Земли. Описана аналитическая модель программного движения КА, близкая к реальному движению, которая позволяет разработать и реализовать технологию автономного решения задач управления положением КА в заданной окрестности программного движения. Описаны свойства класса динамически устойчивых орбит.
The article deals with the issue of autonomous control of spaceсraft (SC) as part of space Earth observation systems. An analytical model of the SC program motion close to the real motion is described, which allows developing and implementing a technology for autonomous control of the SC position in a given neighborhood of the program motion. Properties of a class of dynamically stable orbits are described.
Using the Lean-Production principle when optimizing the organization's workflow
Authors: Вальс В.И. 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные элементы бережливого производства и аспекты его реализации. В статье описывается процесс оптимизации документооборота компаний в соответствии с концепцией бережливого производства и системы менеджмента качества, основанной на принципе «один процесс – один документ».
The article discusses the main elements of lean manufacturing and aspects of its implementation. The article describes the process of optimizing the workflow of companies in accordance with the concept of lean manufacturing and a quality management system based on the principle of «one process –one document».
Bacterial Protein Interaction Networks: Connectivity is Ruled by Gene Conservation, Essentiality and Function
Authors: Dilucca Maddalena , Cimini Giulio , Giansanti Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are the backbone of all processes
in living cells. In this work, we relate conservation, essentiality and functional repertoire of a
gene to the connectivity k (i.e. the number of interactions, links) of the corresponding protein in the
PPI network.

Methods:
On a set of 42 bacterial genomes of different sizes, and with reasonably separated evolutionary
trajectories, we investigate three issues: i) whether the distribution of connectivities
changes between PPI subnetworks of essential and nonessential genes; ii) how gene conservation,
measured both by the evolutionary retention index (ERI) and by evolutionary pressures, is related
to the connectivity of the corresponding protein; iii) how PPI connectivities are modulated by evolutionary
and functional relationships, as represented by the Clusters of Orthologous Genes
(COGs).

Conclusion:
We show that conservation, essentiality and functional specialisation of genes constrain
the connectivity of the corresponding proteins in bacterial PPI networks. In particular, we isolated
a core of highly connected proteins (connectivities k≥40), which is ubiquitous among the species
considered here, though mostly visible in the degree distributions of bacteria with small genomes
(less than 1000 genes).

Conclusion:
The genes that support this highly connected core are conserved, essential and, in
most cases, belong to the COG cluster J, related to ribosomal functions and the processing of genetic
information.