bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Polish adaptation of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale
Authors: Konaszewski Karol , Niesiobędzka Małgorzata , Surzykiewicz Janusz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The study of mental wellbeing requires reliable, valid, and practical measurement tools. One of the most widely used measures of mental wellbeing is the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). We conducted four studies to validate the Polish version of the WEMWBS. Their objectives are the following: (1) to present the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the WEMWBS (study 1: n = 1197); (2) to evaluate the test–retest reliability of the Polish version of the WEMWBS (study 2: n = 24); (3) to determine the validity of the WEMWBS (study 3: n = 610); (4) to examine sensitivity of the WEMWBS scale to detect population with different levels of pro-health behaviours (study 4: n = 430).

Methods
To explore the dimensional structure of the scale we tested a one-factor model. The evaluation employed explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses and tested reliability and stability. To determine the convergent validity of the WEMWBS we analysed correlations among wellbeing and life satisfaction and risk depression. To examine sensitivity of the WEMWBS scale to detect a population with different levels of health-related behaviours we used Student’s t test.

Results
The results presented confirm that the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of WEMWBS are very good. Using EFA and CFA it was shown that a one-factor solution is optimal. Reliability, measured using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega proved to be very high. The estimation of the stability of the Polish version of the WEMWBS proved to be high. Our validation studies also provided data demonstrating sensitivity of the WEMWBS to detect a population with different levels of health-related behaviours, indicating that group with high level of pro-health behaviours achieved higher WEMWBS wellbeing results than group with low level of pro-health behaviours.

Conclusions
WEMWBS was confirmed as a short, reliable and valid measure with good psychometric properties. Due to the high indicators for its psychometric properties, the scale may therefore prove to be a particularly useful tool not only in empirical research, but also in mental wellbeing monitoring, and could serve as support in educational and preventive.
Recruitment of γδ T cells to the lesion via the CCL2/CCR2 signaling after spinal cord injury
Authors: Xu Ping , Zhang Feng , Chang Min-min , Zhong Cheng , Sun Cheng-Hong , Zhu Hao-Ran , Yao Jing-Chun , Li Zhi-Zhong , Li Si-Tao , Zhang Wen-Cai , Sun Guo-Dong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Immune cell infiltration and neuroinflammation are heavily associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCL2/CCR2) axis has been identified as a critical role player during the invasion of immune cells to lesions in many diseases. γδ T cells, a subgroup of T cells, manage the course of inflammation response in various diseases; however, it remains unknown whether γδ T cells are recruited to injury site through CCL2/CCR2 signaling and exert the regulation effect on neuroinflammation after SCI.

Methods
Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), regularity index, cadence, max contact area, and motor-evoked potential testing (MEP) were measured to determine the neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury. Nissl staining was performed to identify the number of surviving motor neurons at lesion epicenter. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) also were employed to evaluate the expression of associated proteins and genes.

Results
In this study, we demonstrated that TCRδ−/− mice present improved neurological recovery after SCI. γδ T cell recruitment to the SCI site was significantly reduced and motor functional improvement enhanced in CCL2−/− and CCR2−/− mouse strains. Furthermore, reconstitution of TCRδ−/− mice with γδ T cells extracted from CCR2−/− mice also showed similar results to CCL2 and CCR2 deficient mice.

Conclusions
In conclusion, γδ T cell recruitment to SCI site promotes inflammatory response and exacerbates neurological impairment. CCL2/CCR2 signaling is a vital recruitment mechanism of γδ T cells to the SCI site, and it may be taken as a novel therapeutic target for future SCI.
When MARCH family proteins meet viral infections
Authors: Zheng Chunfu , Tang Yan-Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMembrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) ubiquitin ligases belong to a RING finger domain E3 ligases family. Recent studies have demonstrated that MARCH proteins play critical roles during various viral infections. MARCH proteins can directly antagonize different steps of the viral life cycle and promote individual viral infection. This mini-review will focus on the latest advances of MARCH family proteins' emerging roles during viral infections.
Examination of referral source and retention among women in residential substance use disorder treatment: a prospective follow-up study
Authors: Rivera Dean , Dueker Donna , Amaro Hortensia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Court-mandated substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, as compared to nonmandated treatment, has been associated with increased retention and completion. However, whether child protective services (CPS)-mandated women’s residential SUD treatment leads to improved treatment retention in comparison to criminal justice (CJ)-mandated and nonmandated treatment remains unclear.

Purpose
This study compared the number of days retained in residential SUD treatment among three referral sources (CPS, CJ, and nonmandated), while also examining whether having a co-occurring mental health disorder or increased stress, depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomology contributed to decreased retention. This study tested the hypothesis that women mandated by the CPS and CJ systems would have improved residential SUD treatment retention compared with nonmandated women.

Methods
Multiple regression analyses were conducted on data for a diverse sample of 245 women (Hispanic: N = 141, Black: N = 50, White: N = 50) mandated or nonmandated (CJ: N = 114, CPS: N = 82, nonmandated: N = 49) into residential SUD treatment to determine each group’s treatment retention outcomes. Results: Women mandated to SUD residential treatment by the CPS system remained in treatment significantly longer (p = .046), compared to women not mandated, representing a 34.4% increase in retention. Findings further revealed a corresponding 2.3% decrease in retention (p = .048) for each one-unit increase in a patient’s stress score, whereas those with a co-occurring mental health diagnosis had a 43.6% decrease in SUD treatment retention (p < .001).

Conclusions
Policy and clinical considerations include (a) increasing case management support and wraparound services that meet the multiple service needs of women who are nonmandated to residential SUD treatment, and (b) incorporating a more nuanced treatment approach that manages mental health disorders and stress symptomology early in treatment when women are most vulnerable to relapse and treatment dropout.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977988 (first posted November 30, 2016; last update posted October 7, 2019); U.S. NIH Grant/Contract: 5R01DA038648.
Circ-AFF2/miR-650/CNP axis promotes proliferation, inflammatory response, migration, and invasion of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Qu Wei , Jiang Ling , Hou Guanhua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. The purpose of this study is to explore the function and mechanism of circRNA fragile mental retardation 2 (circ-AFF2) in the processes of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs).

Methods
Circ-AFF2, microRNA (miR)-650, and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP) levels were determined in synovial tissues of RA and RAFLSs by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. Cell proliferation, inflammatory response, apoptosis, caspase3 activity, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, Transwell, and Western blotting analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and pull-down assays were performed to assess the binding relationship.

Results
Circ-AFF2 expression level was enhanced in synovial tissues of RA and RAFLSs. Circ-AFF2 overexpression facilitated cell proliferation, inflammatory response, migration, invasion, and EMT and repressed apoptosis in RAFLSs. Circ-AFF2 downregulation played an opposite role. Circ-AFF2 targeted miR-650, and miR-650 downregulation reversed the effect of circ-AFF2 interference on RAFLS processes. CNP was targeted by miR-650, and circ-AFF2 increased CNP expression by regulating miR-650. MiR-650 overexpression constrained cell proliferation, inflammatory response, migration, invasion, and EMT and contributed to apoptosis by decreasing CNP in RAFLSs.

Conclusion
Circ-AFF2 promoted proliferation, inflammatory response, migration, and invasion of RAFLSs by modulating the miR-650/CNP axis.
Community intervention for child tuberculosis active contact investigation and management: study protocol for a parallel cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vasiliu Anca , Eymard-Duvernay Sabrina , Tchounga Boris , Atwine Daniel , de Carvalho Elisabete , Ouedraogo Sayouba , Kakinda Michael , Tchendjou Patrice , Turyahabwe Stavia , Kuate Albert Kuate , Tiendrebeogo Georges , Dodd Peter J. , Graham Stephen M. , Cohn Jennifer , Casenghi Martina , Bonnet Maryline 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
There are major gaps in the management of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation for rapid identification of active tuberculosis and initiation of preventive therapy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a community-based intervention as compared to facility-based model for the management of children in contact with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB adults in low-resource high-burden settings.

Methods/design
This multicenter parallel open-label cluster randomized controlled trial is composed of three phases: I, baseline phase in which retrospective data are collected, quality of data recording in facility registers is checked, and expected acceptability and feasibility of the intervention is assessed; II, intervention phase with enrolment of index cases and contact cases in either facility- or community-based models; and III, explanatory phase including endpoint data analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and post-intervention acceptability assessment by healthcare providers and beneficiaries. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The community-based intervention includes identification and screening of all household contacts, referral of contacts with TB-suggestive symptoms to the facility for investigation, and household initiation of preventive therapy with follow-up of eligible child contacts by community healthcare workers, i.e., all young (< 5 years) child contacts or older (5–14 years) child contacts living with HIV, and with no evidence of TB disease. Twenty clusters representing TB diagnostic and treatment facilities with their catchment areas are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the community-based intervention arm or the facility-based standard of care arm in Cameroon and Uganda. Randomization was stratified by country and constrained on the number of index cases per cluster. The primary endpoint is the proportion of eligible child contacts who initiate and complete the preventive therapy. The sample size is of 1500 child contacts to identify a 10% difference between the arms with the assumption that 60% of children will complete the preventive therapy in the standard of care arm.

Discussion
This study will provide evidence of the impact of a community-based intervention on household child contact screening and management of TB preventive therapy in order to improve care and prevention of childhood TB in low-resource high-burden settings.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03832023. Registered on 6 February 2019
Development and validation of a safe communication protocol compliant to railway standards
Authors: Bertieri Duccio , Ceccarelli Andrea , Zoppi Tommaso , Mungiello Innocenzo , Barbareschi Mario , Bondavalli Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRailway systems are composed of a multitude of subsystems, sensors, and actuators that exchange datagrams through safety-critical communication protocols. However, the vast majority of these protocols rely on ad hoc interlacing mechanisms and safety codes which raise the heterogeneity and complexity of the overarching railway system. Therefore, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, the company who is in charge of managing the Italian railway network, coordinated the definition of the Protocollo Vitale Standard (Standard Vital Protocol). This protocol is inspired to, and compliant with, the communication protocols adopted for the European Train Control System (ETCS) (SUBSET, UNISIG, 037, Euroradio FIS, version 2.3. 0; SUBSET, UNISIG, 098, RBC-RBC safe communication interface, 2007), and it is meant to become the standard layer to enable safe communication between components of the Italian railway system. This paper reports our experience in the design, implementation, verification, and validation of the Protocollo Vitale Standard in compliance with the European safety standards for railway systems. We first defined a safety plan and a verification and validation plan, which guide the design, development, verification, and validation activities as required by safety standards. Guidelines of such plans have been followed strictly until completion of the work, which concludes with the provision of a safety case where all safety evidences are summarized. Noticeably, we (i) selected appropriate safety mechanisms, (ii) verified the software design, (iii) implemented the software in compliance with code metrics and coding rules, (iv) conducted tests to validate the protocol against its functional and performance requirements, and ultimately (v) devised all relevant documentation and a safety case which summarizes the evidences needed for certification.
Association of CSF proteins with tau and amyloid β levels in asymptomatic 70-year-olds
Authors: Remnestål Julia , Bergström Sofia , Olofsson Jennie , Sjöstedt Evelina , Uhlén Mathias , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Zettergren Anna , Kern Silke , Skoog Ingmar , Nilsson Peter , Månberg Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Increased knowledge of the evolution of molecular changes in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important for the understanding of disease pathophysiology and also crucial to be able to identify and validate disease biomarkers. While several biological changes that occur early in the disease development have already been recognized, the need for further characterization of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD still remains.

Methods
In this study, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 104 proteins in 307 asymptomatic 70-year-olds from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies using a multiplexed antibody- and bead-based technology.

Results
The protein levels were first correlated with the core AD CSF biomarker concentrations of total tau, phospho-tau and amyloid beta (Aβ42) in all individuals. Sixty-three proteins showed significant correlations to either total tau, phospho-tau or Aβ42. Thereafter, individuals were divided based on CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score to determine if early changes in pathology and cognition had an effect on the correlations. We compared the associations of the analysed proteins with CSF markers between groups and found 33 proteins displaying significantly different associations for amyloid-positive individuals and amyloid-negative individuals, as defined by the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. No differences in the associations could be seen for individuals divided by CDR score.

Conclusions
We identified a series of transmembrane proteins, proteins associated with or anchored to the plasma membrane, and proteins involved in or connected to synaptic vesicle transport to be associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. Further studies are needed to explore these proteins’ role in AD pathophysiology.
Among the shapeshifters: parasite-induced morphologies in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and their relevance within the EcoEvoDevo framework
Authors: Laciny Alice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs social insects, ants represent extremely interaction-rich biological systems shaped by tightly integrated social structures and constant mutual exchange with a multitude of internal and external environmental factors. Due to this high level of ecological interconnection, ant colonies can harbour a diverse array of parasites and pathogens, many of which are known to interfere with the delicate processes of ontogeny and caste differentiation and induce phenotypic changes in their hosts. Despite their often striking nature, parasite-induced changes to host development and morphology have hitherto been largely overlooked in the context of ecological evolutionary developmental biology (EcoEvoDevo). Parasitogenic morphologies in ants can, however, serve as “natural experiments” that may shed light on mechanisms and pathways relevant to host development, plasticity or robustness under environmental perturbations, colony-level effects and caste evolution. By assessing case studies of parasites causing morphological changes in their ant hosts, from the eighteenth century to current research, this review article presents a first overview of relevant host and parasite taxa. Hypotheses about the underlying developmental and evolutionary mechanisms, and open questions for further research are discussed. This will contribute towards highlighting the importance of parasites of social insects for both biological theory and empirical research and facilitate future interdisciplinary work at the interface of myrmecology, parasitology, and the EcoEvoDevo framework.
A multicenter retrospective analysis examining the effect of dipeptidyl protease 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on progression-free survival in patients with prostate cancer.
Authors: Pan Kelsey , Skelton William Paul , Elzeneini Mohammed , Nguyen Thu-Cuc , Franke Aaron J , ali azka , Patel Sandip , Bishnoi Rohit , Shah Chintan , Dang Long H. , Dang Nam H. , Kish Julie Ann 
Published: March 2021

109 Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), also known as Cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) is a commonly expressed cell surface protein found in many cell types that can function as a tumor suppressor or activator, depending on the cancer type its interactions with the tumor microenvironment. DPP4 has been studied as a tumor biomarker due to its expression in various primary tumors and metastases. Recent literature established benefits of DPP4 inhibitors on progression free survival (PFS) of diabetic patients with advanced colorectal and airway cancers. In this study, we examine the effect of DPP4 inhibitors on PFS in diabetic patients (pts) with advanced-stage prostate cancer. Methods: We performed a multi-center retrospective analysis at Moffitt Cancer Center and the University of Florida of diabetic pts with advanced stage (III or IV) prostate cancer. All pts were on anti-hyperglycemic therapy and received either surgery, radiation therapy, or both for their prostate cancer. The control group included pts on metformin and a sulfonylurea, and the study group included pts on a DPP4 inhibitor and metformin. PFS was calculated for both groups, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine statistical significance. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was done to predict the effect of DPP4 inhibition and radiation therapy on PFS. Results: Our study population consisted of 161 pts, with 120 pts in the control group and 41 in the study group. No significant difference in progression of prostate cancer was found between those on DPP4 inhibitor vs. Metformin. Specifically, 24 of 41 (59%) of patients on DPP4 inhibitors progressed, while 73 of 120 (61%) of patients on Metformin had progression of prostate cancer (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.61, p= 0.955). Median time to progression was 3.3 years in the DPP4 group versus 3.5 years in the Metformin group. However, radiation therapy was associated with improved PFS (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.84, p= 0.0006). Conclusions: Contrary to what has been shown in pts with diabetes and advanced colorectal or airway cancers, exposure to DPP4 inhibitors did not lead to statistically significant improvement in PFS in pts with advanced stage prostate cancer. Recent data suggests that DPP4 may act as a tumor suppressor gene to the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, and that DPP4 inhibition can result in emergence of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Further analysis with larger sample sizes is necessary to elucidate if this is applicable to prostate cancer as a whole, or if this effect is specific to castrate-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) vs. castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).