bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence to improve efficiency of administration of gross motor function assessment in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Stark Christina , Saglam Ahmet , Semmelweis Alexandra , Lioba Wunram Heidrun , Spiess Karoline , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: August 2021

AimTo create a reduced version of the 66‐item Gross Motor Function Measure (rGMFM‐66) using innovative artificial intelligence methods to improve efficiency of administration of the GMFM‐66.MethodThis study was undertaken using information from an existing data set of children with cerebral palsy participating in a rehabilitation programme. Different self‐learning approaches (random forest, support vector machine [SVM], and artificial neural network) were evaluated to estimate the GMFM‐66 score with the fewest possible test items. Test agreements were evaluated (among other statistics) by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsOverall, 1217 GMFM‐66 assessments (509 females, mean age 8y 10mo [SD 3y 9mo]) at a single time and 187 GMFM‐66 assessments and reassessments (80 females, mean age 8y 5mo [SD 3y 10mo]) after 1 year were evaluated. The model with SVM predicted the GMFM‐66 scores most accurately. The ICCs of the rGMFM‐66 and the full GMFM‐66 were 0.997 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.996–0.997) at a single time and 0.993 (95% CI 0.993–0.995) for the evaluation of the change over time.InterpretationThe study shows that the efficiency of the full GMFM‐66 assessment can be increased by using machine learning (self‐learning algorithms). The presented rGMFM‐66 score showed an excellent agreement with the full GMFM‐66 score when applied to a single assessment and when evaluating the change over time.
Genomic region associated with run timing has similar haplotypes and phenotypic effects across three lineages of Chinook salmon
Authors: Willis Stuart C. , Hess Jon E. , Fryer Jeff K. , Whiteaker John M. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConserving life‐history variation is a stated goal of many management programs, but the most effective means by which to accomplish this are often far from clear. Early‐ and late‐migrating forms of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) face unequal pressure from natural and anthropogenic forces that may alter the impacts of genetic variation underlying heritable migration timing. Genomic regions of chromosome 28 are known to be strongly associated with migration variation in adult Chinook salmon, but it remains unclear whether there is consistent association among diverse lineages and populations in large basins such as the Columbia River. With high‐throughput genotyping (GT‐seq) and phenotyping methods, we examined the association of genetic variation in 28 markers (spanning GREB1L to ROCK1 of chromosome 28) with individual adult migration timing characteristics gleaned from passive integrated transponder recordings of over 5000 Chinook salmon from the three major phylogeographic lineages that inhabit the Columbia River Basin. Despite the strong genetic differences among them in putatively neutral genomic regions, each of the three lineages exhibited very similar genetic variants in the chromosome 28 region that were significantly associated with adult migration timing phenotypes. This is particularly notable for the interior stream‐type lineage, which exhibits an earlier and more constrained freshwater entry than the other lineages. In both interior stream‐type and interior ocean‐type lineages of Chinook salmon, heterozygotes of the most strongly associated linkage groups had largely intermediate migration timing relative to homozygotes, and results indicate codominance or possibly marginal partial dominance of the allele associated with early migration. Our results lend support to utilization of chromosome 28 variation in tracking and predicting run timing in these lineages of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River.
Fully‐automatic identification of gynaecological abnormality using a new adaptive frequency filter and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG)
Authors: Hussein Ihsan Jasim , Burhanuddin Mohd Aboobaider , Mohammed Mazin Abed , Benameur Narjes , Maashi Marwah Suliman , Maashi Mashael S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltrasound imaging (US) is one of the most common diagnostic imaging tools for producing images of the human body in clinical practice. This work is devoted to studying ultrasound images collected from gynaecological tests for medical purposes regarding ovarian and breast defects. The study revolves around (i) Enhancing the texture of the image by applying a new effective framework that can help in reducing the speckle noise from the image while preserving the most important information; (ii) Extracting the most prominent features using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and; (iii) Fusing the features that are produced by the edge operators and using them as an input to the ANN classifier to generate three trained classifiers. The fusion technique has been used to get an effective decision by using the whole features. The experimental results of the proposed method for the breast cancer and ovarian tumour using the second experiment achieved 97.96% accuracy, 96.05% sensitivity, and 99.17% specificity by utilizing the breast cancer information set. Overall, 95.87% precision, 97.01% sensitivity, and 93.33% specificity have been achieved for the ovarian tumour data collection. Consequently, the proposed method has been improved to validate the output of modern computerized and automated technologies. This method analyzes the gynaecological ultrasound images to identify suspicious objects or cases with health consequences for women.
Integrating environmental variability to broaden the research on coral responses to future ocean conditions
Authors: Ziegler Maren , Anton Andrea , Klein Shannon G. , Rädecker Nils , Geraldi Nathan R. , Schmidt‐Roach Sebastian , Saderne Vincent , Mumby Peter J. , Cziesielski Maha J. , Martin Cecilia , Frölicher Thomas L. , Pandolfi John M. , Suggett David J. , Aranda Manuel , Duarte Carlos M. , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the response of reef‐building corals to changes in their physical environment is largely based on laboratory experiments, analysis of long‐term field data, and model projections. Experimental data provide unique insights into how organisms respond to variation of environmental drivers. However, an assessment of how well experimental conditions cover the breadth of environmental conditions and variability where corals live successfully is missing. Here, we compiled and analyzed a globally distributed dataset of in‐situ seasonal and diurnal variability of key environmental drivers (temperature, pCO2, and O2) critical for the growth and livelihood of reef‐building corals. Using a meta‐analysis approach, we compared the variability of environmental conditions assayed in coral experimental studies to current and projected conditions in their natural habitats. We found that annual temperature profiles projected for the end of the 21st century were characterized by distributional shifts in temperatures with warmer winters and longer warm periods in the summer, not just peak temperatures. Furthermore, short‐term hourly fluctuations of temperature and pCO2 may regularly expose corals to conditions beyond the projected average increases for the end of the 21st century. Coral reef sites varied in the degree of coupling between temperature, pCO2, and dissolved O2, which warrants site‐specific, differentiated experimental approaches depending on the local hydrography and influence of biological processes on the carbonate system and O2 availability. Our analysis highlights that a large portion of the natural environmental variability at short and long timescales is underexplored in experimental designs, which may provide a path to extend our understanding on the response of corals to global climate change.
A Closed‐Form Solution for Free‐ and Seepage‐Flow Field in Axisymmetric Infilled Conduit
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhang Bin , Ye Fei , Fu Wenxi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNumerous continuous conduits exist in rock masses. These conduits affect the specific discharge distribution of the bulk rock mass. In this study, a modified theoretical model is presented to explore the specific discharge distribution in bedrock with an axisymmetric infilled conduit. The movement of fluid in the free region abides by the Navier‐Stokes equation, and the seepage flow in the filling and rock regions complies with the Brinkman‐extended Darcy equation. The analytical solution for the specific discharge distribution is derived by requiring flow continuity at the domain interface. This solution can be reduced to Darcy's law and Poiseuille's law. Sensitivity analysis shows that both the relative aperture of the free region and the permeability of the filling or rock regions positively influence the specific discharge. The specific discharge distribution curves seem to have an intersection for different porosity values. Moreover, the width of the transition layer where the porous media flow differs from traditional Darcy's flow is positively correlated with the permeability. However, the width is not directly correlated with the relative aperture and the porosity.
Mutational landscape of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)—A real‐world context
Authors: Nathany Shrinidhi , Chatterjee Gaurav , Ghai Shruti , Moulik Nirmalya Roy , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Subramanian PG , Tembhare Prashant , Gujral Sumeet , Dhamne Chetan , Banavali Sripad , Narula Gaurav , Patkar Nikhil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionJuvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare childhood neoplasm (<5% cases), which has been categorized under myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) in the recent classification by the World Health Organization.MethodsWe developed a 51‐gene (151.5kB) low‐cost targeted myeloid panel based on single‐molecule molecular inversion probes to comprehensively evaluate the genomic profile of Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).ResultsA total of 50 children with clinical and pathological features of JMML were sequenced at high coverage. Among the 50 patients, 44(88%) harbored mutations in one of the RAS/MAPK‐pathway genes, most frequently in NRAS (32%), followed by PTPN11 (28%) and NF1 (22%). One‐fifth of children had more than one mutation, with 5 cases harboring two RAS pathway mutations. Monosomy 7 was detected in 32% (16) patients, and five of these did not harbor any RAS pathway mutations. Children with monosomy 7 showed shorter overall survival compared with their wild‐type counterparts (P = .02).ConclusionOur study highlights that comprehensive genomic profiling identifies at least one mutation in almost 90% of JMML patients. Performing genomic analysis at baseline might help in triaging children with JMML for allogenic stem cell transplant in resource‐constrained settings.
Family structure and function in relation to adolescent reproductive health in developing countries: A scoping review
Authors: Susanto Tantut , Gunawan Joko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe study purpose was to explore the relationships between family structure and function and adolescent reproductive health in the context of family systems in developing countries.BackgroundThe structures and functions of family are important elements for adolescent reproductive health. However, few studies discuss their relationships with the reproductive health of adolescents.DesignThis study employed a scoping review design.Data sourcesThe search was conducted for literature published from 2010 until 2020 using the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Science Direct sourcing full‐text papers in English. Original research papers that focused on family structures, family functions, and adolescent reproductive health were included.Review methodsData extraction and analysis were completed on all retrieved studies. Content analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsFifteen articles were included. The nature of the relationship between the family structures and functions on adolescent reproductive health were explained in the categories of (i) family process and life cycle, (ii) family norms and values, (iii) family communication patterns and processes, (iv) family roles and connectedness, and (v) family coaching and guidance.ConclusionFindings of this study suggest that the relationships between family functions and structures and adolescent reproductive health were explained in multiple constructs. Further studies are needed to examine those constructs on reproductive health in adolescent in developing countries.
Improving the physical health of young people with early psychosis with lifestyle interventions: Scoping review
Authors: Hui Ting Ting , Garvey Loretta , Olasoji Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeople with mental illness experience a shorter life expectancy compared to the general population. Poor physical health trajectory emerges following the onset of psychosis and is further compounded by the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. Young people are particularly at risk as the onset of mental illness mostly occurs between the age of 12 and 25 years. This represents a crucial period for early intervention to prevent a physical ill health trajectory. Furthermore, those who are at ultra‐high risk for psychosis should also be targeted for early intervention. Lifestyle interventions have been identified as the first‐line physical health promotion practice for improving the physical health of people with severe mental illness. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review following the JBI methodological guidance on scoping reviews to explore the current literature on lifestyle intervention trialled for early psychosis, including first‐episode psychosis and those who are at ultra‐high risk for psychosis. This review also explores the extent of literature examining physical health literacy in this specific population. The literature search was conducted on Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus. Twenty‐two studies were included for the purpose of this scoping review, 21 of which examined the effects of lifestyle interventions and one of which reported on physical health literacy. This scoping review indicates the need for co‐designed lifestyle interventions with the involvement of service users, families and carers and a focus on promoting physical health literacy, social support, and an incorporation of a health behaviour change model focus on promoting autonomous motivation. The findings of this study can inform future development of a novel co‐designed lifestyle intervention for the targeted population.
Knowledge coordination via digital artefacts in highly dispersed teams
Authors: Fang Yulin , Neufeld Derrick , Zhang Xiaojie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVirtual teams face the unique challenge of coordinating their knowledge work across time, space, and people. Information technologies, and digital artefacts in particular, are essential to supporting coordination in highly dispersed teams, yet the extant literature is limited in explaining how such teams produce and reproduce digital artefacts for coordination. This paper describes a qualitative case study that examined the day‐to‐day practices of two highly dispersed virtual teams, with the initial conceptual lens informed by Carlile's (2004) knowledge management framework. Our observations suggest that knowledge coordination in these highly dispersed virtual teams involves the continuous production and reproduction of digital artefacts (which we refer to as technology practices) through three paired modes: ‘presenting‐accessing’ (related to knowledge transfer); ‘representing‐adding’ (related to knowledge translation); and ‘moulding‐challenging’ (related to knowledge transformation). We also observed an unexpected fourth pair of technology practices, ‘withholding‐ignoring,’ that had the effect of delaying certain knowledge coordination processes. Our findings contribute to both the knowledge coordination literature and the practical use of digital artefacts in virtual teams. Future research directions are discussed.
Digital self‐control interventions for distracting media multitasking ‐ A systematic review
Authors: Biedermann Daniel , Schneider Jan , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDigital distractions can interfere with goal attainment and lead to undesirable habits that are hard to get red rid of. Various digital self‐control interventions promise support to alleviate the negative impact of digital distractions. These interventions use different approaches, such as the blocking of apps and websites, goal setting, or visualizations of device usage statistics. While many apps and browser extensions make use of these features, little is known about their effectiveness. This systematic review synthesizes the current research to provide insights into the effectiveness of the different kinds of interventions. From a search of the ‘ACM’, ‘Springer Link’, ‘Web of Science’, ’IEEE Xplore’ and ‘Pubmed’ databases, we identified 28 digital self‐control interventions. We categorized these interventions according to their features and their outcomes. The interventions showed varying degrees of effectiveness, and especially interventions that relied purely on increasing the participants' awareness were barely effective. For those interventions that sanctioned the use of distractions, the current literature indicates that the sanctions have to be sufficiently difficult to overcome, as they will otherwise be quickly dismissed. The overall confidence in the results is low, with small sample sizes, short study duration, and unclear study contexts. From these insights, we highlight research gaps and close with suggestions for future research.
Overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 reduces oligodendrocytes loss and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Zhang Wei , Yang Lin , Zhou Fan , Liu Peng , Wang Yaping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI), as a severe disease with no effective therapeutic measures, has always been a hot topic for scientists. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), as a multifunctional cytokine, has been reported to exert protective effects on the nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and the potential mechanisms of BMP7 on rats that suffered SCI. Rat models of SCI were established by the modified Allen's method. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) was injected at T9 immediately before SCI to overexpress BMP7. Results showed that the expression of BMP7 decreased in the injured spinal cords that were at the same time demyelinated. AAV‐BMP7 partly reversed oligodendrocyte (OL) loss, and it was beneficial to maintain the normal structure of myelin. The intervention group showed an increase in the number of axons and Basso‐Beattie‐Bresnahan scores. Moreover, double‐labelled immunofluorescence images indicated p‐Smad1/5/9 and p‐STAT3 in OLs induced by BMP7 might be involved in the protective effects of BMP7. These findings suggest that BMP7 may be a feasible therapy for SCI to reduce demyelination and promote functional recovery.
Apparent diffusion coefficient echoplanar imaging maps of the optic nerves in childhood idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Seber Turgut , Bayram Nurettin , Bayram Ayşe Kaçar , Seber Tuğba Uylar 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeDueto motion artifacts, optic nerve (ON) findings of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can easily be overlooked on T2‐weighted (T2w) turbo spin‐echo sequence. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map derived from the interleaved multi‐shot (IMS) echoplanar imaging (EPI) to the ON findings of IIH in children.MethodsMRIs of 42 pediatric patients aged 3‐17 years diagnosed with definite IIH according to modified Dandy criteria were retrospectively re‐evaluated, between April 2018 and January 2021. Forty‐two age‐ and sex‐matched subjects with no IIH symptoms and reported as normal were included as a control group.ResultsON sheath distance (ONSD) on the ADC map (p = .005) and vertical tortuosity (p = .030) were significant single MRI parameters for predicting IIH. Other single parameters were not statistically significant. Flattening of the posterior sclera (FPS) and ON protrusion (ONP) were observed on ADC maps more frequently than T2w (42.8% vs. 19% and 19% vs. 4.7%, respectively). From combined MRI parameters, the presence of at least one of ONP, FPS, or ONSD on ADC maps (p = .001) showed greater significance than the presence of T2w (p = .048). The predictive values of other MRI findings evaluated together were not statistically significant (p > .05).ConclusionsThis study's results show that due to the short readout time and less sensitivity to motion, the ADC map obtained from IMS‐EPI can contribute to orbital findings of IIH, in addition to T2w.
Psychological distress and resilience in first responders and health care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pink Jennifer , Gray Nicola S. , O’Connor Chris , Knowles James R. , Simkiss Nicola J. , Snowden Robert J. 
Published: August 2021

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, first responders and health care workers faced elevated virus‐related risks through prolonged contacts with the public. Research suggests that these workers already experienced lower levels of psychological well‐being linked to occupational risks. Thus, the pandemic’s impact might have particularly affected mental health in these groups. This paper analysed data from a large‐scale Welsh population study (N = 12,989) from June to July 2020. Levels of psychological distress were compared across various occupations, including police, fire and rescue, and NHS health care workers. Resilience was also indexed, and its role considered as a protective factor for psychological distress. Surprisingly, health care workers reported lower distress levels than the general population. Further, fire and rescue and police groups had lower distress than most groups and significantly higher resilience. Within police officers, higher resilience levels were protective for distress. Fire and rescue workers were half as likely as others to report distress, even accounting for demographic factors and resilience. The findings offer an optimistic view of psychological resilience in these critical occupations. They illustrate potential benefits to one’s mental health of playing a crucial societal role during crises and reiterate the importance of enhancing resilience within groups who encounter high‐risk situations daily.Practitioner points

Our findings provide evidence that health care workers and first responders showed lower levels of psychological distress than the general population during the first period of lockdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. This may indicate that playing a critical role in society during an episode of crisis, and acting to help others, may be protective of one’s own mental health.

The research also provides an optimistic view of the psychological resilience of critical first responders and health care workers during a period early on in the COVID‐19 pandemic (June–July 2020). This highlights the benefits of fostering resilience in those working within high‐risk first responder and health care occupations.