bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abiotic soil properties affecting interpretation of IRIS sensors in tidal and freshwater soils
Authors: Romero Jasper , Hino Katelyn , Loffredo Joseph , Stolt Mark , Moseman‐Valtierra Serena , Amador Jose , Pellock Brett 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) films are visual sensors used to document weakly or moderately reducing conditions in soils based on the reduction and removal of brown manganese (Mn) oxide or orange iron (Fe) oxide paints, respectively, from underlying white polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. Paint removal is largely assumed to result from anaerobic microbial reduction using metal oxides on the PVC films as electron acceptors. If true, IRIS films could indicate conditions favorable to other biogeochemical processes that occur at similar redox potentials to those facilitating paint removal. Our objective here was to assess the effects of selected abiotic soil properties on IRIS film paint removal to determine whether removal can accurately be attributed to biotic processes alone. Through field deployments and laboratory incubation experiments using IRIS films, we investigated relative sulfide concentration and dissolved organic matter as two abiotic factors potentially capable of removing paint from Mn IRIS films. Our results showed that abundance of reactive soluble sulfides cause rapid and extensive abiotic paint removal from Mn films, whereas ambient concentrations of dissolved organic matter in freshwater wetland porewater does not drive abiotic removal. Furthermore, we found that the visible formation of black iron monosulfides on Fe films can be used to detect sulfide concentrations that will remove paint from Mn films. This study suggests that whereas some abiotic soil properties (e.g., sulfide concentration) can cause paint removal, IRIS films may be a viable tool to approximate biotic process rates where abiotic paint removal can be ruled out.
Embodied interactions in a science museum
Authors: Shaby Neta , Vedder‐Weiss Dana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInformal science learning environments, such as science museums, afford a variety of interactions, sense‐making processes, participation modes, and roles. Accumulating research advances our understanding of the cognitive and affective dimensions of science learning in informal environments, including the development of scientific sense‐making and identity. Despite the variety of opportunities informal settings uniquely afford for physical interactions (particularly relatively to classrooms) and the importance of physical interactions in these settings, research of embodied sense‐making and identification in informal settings is scant. In this study, we take a multimodal analysis approach to explore the ways by which visitors' bodies participate in their interactions with each other and with the exhibits at an Israeli science museum. We employ Goodwin's (2007) Embodied Participation Framework to micro‐analyze one episode of three visitors engaging with the Pulleys exhibit. The analysis points to the ways in which the physical design of the exhibit shaped the physical interaction. This interaction included embodied sense‐making that shaped and was shaped by the visitors' embodied positioning and identification. The study advances the understanding of interactions in science museums by directing attention to the physical interaction rather than focusing solely on verbal interaction and thereby highlighting the role of embodiment. It further illustrates the ways in which video‐based field studies coupled with a relevant multimodal analytic framework can explicate the interactional organization of engagement with objects in informal science learning environments.
Resourcification: A non‐essentialist theory of resources for sustainable development
Authors: Corvellec Hervé , Hultman Johan , Jerneck Anne , Arvidsson Susanne , Ekroos Johan , Wahlberg Niklas , Luke Timothy W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOveruse of resources is accelerating current negative trends in climate change, ecosystem destruction, and biodiversity loss. The ultimate outcome is that contemporary human society is reaching or exceeding the limits of planetary boundaries. It is therefore imperative to articulate a new theoretical understanding of resources and the ethical, political, and environmental conditions of their use. In this article, we take a radical departure from treating resources as having fixed, essential and ready to exploit qualities, and offer a non‐essentialist theory that considers that resources come into being as a result of social processes. We label this approach resourcification. This shift offers a new theoretical platform for developing a post‐sustainability understanding of the relationships of humans to humans, to other living creatures, and to the physical environment, one that is more suited to meeting the challenges of working with the sustainable development goals in the Anthropocene.
Explainable artificial intelligence for digital forensics
Authors: Hall Stuart W. , Sakzad Amin , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research area relating to the creation of machine learning algorithms from which explanations for outputs are provided. In many fields, such as law enforcement, it is necessary that decisions made by and with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based tools can be justified and explained to a human. We seek to explore the potential of XAI to further enhance triage and analysis of digital forensic evidence, using examples of the current state of the art as a starting point. This opinion letter will discuss both practical and novel ideas as well as controversial points for leveraging XAI to improve the efficacy of digital forensic (DF) analysis and extract forensically sound pieces of evidence (also known as artifacts) that could be used to assist investigations and potentially in a court of law.This article is categorized under:Digital and Multimedia Science > Artificial IntelligenceDigital and Multimedia Science > Cybercrime Investigation
A two dimensional GdIII coordination polymer based on isonicotinic acid N‐oxide with large magnetocaloric effect
Authors: Wu Dong‐Qing , Zhang Ming‐Liang , Li Zhong‐Yi , Zhang Ping‐Ping , Zhang Meng‐Ying , Wu Chao‐Fei , Zhang Chi , Zhai Bin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne two‐dimensional (2D) GdIII coordination polymer based on isonicotinic acid N‐oxide (HINNO), {[Gd(INNO)2(HCOO)] ⋅ 2H2O}n (1), was successfully synthesized and characterized. Magnetic studies reveal the presence of weak antiferromagnetic couplings between adjacent GdIII ions in the 1D chain units of 1 and large cryogenic magnetocaloric effect with maximum −ΔSm of 31.84 J kg−1 K−1 at T=2 K and ΔH=7 T.
Regulation Activities of Teachers in Secondary Schools: Development of a Theoretical Framework and Exploratory Analyses in Four Secondary Schools Based on Time Sampling Data
Authors: Maag Merki Katharina , Grob Urs , Rechsteiner Beat , Wullschleger Andrea , Schori Nathanael , Rickenbacher Ariane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research has revealed that teachers’ regulation activities in schools are most relevant for sustainable school improvement. However, previous studies have severe methodological and theoretical shortcomings. This paper presents the results of a mixed-method case study at four lower secondary schools, in which we developed a framework for understanding regulation activities and processes in schools and analyzed teachers’ regulation activities by using time sampling data of teachers’ performance-related and situation-specific day-to-day activities over 3 weeks. Our results revealed that teachers engage in regulation activities only relatively seldom. Significant differences between teachers were found that are systematically related to the teachers’ specific roles in the school. Teachers rated their regulation activities as especially beneficial for teaching, student learning, and teachers’ learning but as less beneficial for team and school development. Small differences between schools were identified. Further, the results revealed significant correlations between teachers’ perceived benefit of the daily activities and teachers’ daily satisfaction. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the newly developed method appears to be suitable for recording teachers’ daily regulation activities in a (relatively) valid manner and, consequently, for use as a complement to existing instruments. Limitations are discussed, and the need for further research is described.
New Ways of Dealing with Lacking Measurement Invariance
Authors: Sauerwein Markus , Theis Désirée 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn educational research, comparisons are often made of groups or of the development of various (latent) constructs over time (e.g. teaching quality in different countries or different groups’ (girls vs. boys) perceptions of teaching quality). However, before the results of such comparisons can be accurately interpreted, measurement invariance (MI) of the constructs under investigation needs to be established to ensure their meaning remains consistent across groups, subjects, or assessment points. Thus, if mean level changes are to be compared between groups, scalar factorial invariance needs to be established. In this chapter, we investigate and discuss how results of MI analyses should be interpreted and whether they should be reported on with regard to contents. Using data from the well-known Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study on teaching quality, we introduce an approach to examining the conditions under which comparison among cultural groups is possible even if MI is lacking.
Taking Composition and Similarity Effects into Account: Theoretical and Methodological Suggestions for Analyses of Nested School Data in School Improvement Research
Authors: Schudel Kai , Maag Merki Katharina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchool improvement research is faced with a school teaching staff, which is not a simple homogeneous entity. The compositional attributes of the teaching staff – such as diversity – can have a crucial influence on school processes. Whether the teaching staff is highly fractured, consists of sharply dissociated subgroups, or has shared beliefs, affects the adoption of school improvement programs differently. However, school improvement research has not yet taken into account what different compositions of the teaching staff mean from a methodological viewpoint. It is true that the use of multilevel analysis is standard in school improvement research and that it considers nested school data. However, this method alone only takes averaged measures of teaching staffs into consideration but not their different compositions. In this contribution, we argue that school improvement research has to consider, theoretically and methodologically, how compositional attributes of the teaching staff can be conceptualized. We first discuss some advancements in the conceptualization of group composition from research on small groups and organizations. We then incorporate suggestions for different diversity typologies from small group research to describe the compositional attributes of the teaching staff. Additionally, we address how the composition of the teaching staff influences each teacher differently, depending on the specific position a teacher has within the teaching staff. We further suggest incorporating the Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM; Kenny, DA, Garcia RL, Small Group Res 43:468–496, 2012) as a methodological approach for assessing these compositional influences. In addition to classic multilevel analysis, the GAPIM also considers the effects of the other teachers on staff and the similarity and dissimilarity of a teacher to the other members of the teaching staff. Finally, we illustrate the possibilities of the theoretical and methodological endorsements discussed by applying the GAPIM to a data set of 37 German upper secondary schools by way of example. We show that a teacher’s job satisfaction is not only influenced by their individual and collective teacher self-efficacy but also by positional effects: The similarity of a teacher to the other teachers on staff and the similarity among the other members of the teaching staff have additional influences on job satisfaction.
The ABCDEFG of little strings
Authors: Haouzi Nathan , Kozçaz Can 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Starting from type IIB string theory on an ADE singularity, the (2, 0) little string arises when one takes the string coupling gs to 0. In this setup, we give a unified description of the codimension-two defects of the little string, labeled by a simple Lie algebra $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
. Geometrically, these are D5 branes wrapping 2-cycles of the singularity, subject to a certain folding operation when the algebra is non simply-laced. Equivalently, the defects are specified by a certain set of weights of $$ {}^L\mathfrak{g} $$

L

g
, the Langlands dual of $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
. As a first application, we show that the instanton partition function of the $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
-type quiver gauge theory on the defect is equal to a 3-point conformal block of the $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
-type deformed Toda theory in the Coulomb gas formalism. As a second application, we argue that in the (2, 0) CFT limit, the Coulomb branch of the defects flows to a nilpotent orbit of $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
.
Inhibitory control in neuronal networks relies on the extracellular matrix integrity
Authors: Dzyubenko Egor , Fleischer Michael , Manrique-Castano Daniel , Borbor Mina , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Faissner Andreas , Hermann Dirk M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInhibitory control is essential for the regulation of neuronal network activity, where excitatory and inhibitory synapses can act synergistically, reciprocally, and antagonistically. Sustained excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance, therefore, relies on the orchestrated adjustment of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. While growing evidence indicates that the brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial regulator of excitatory synapse plasticity, it remains unclear whether and how the ECM contributes to inhibitory control in neuronal networks. Here we studied the simultaneous changes in excitatory and inhibitory connectivity after ECM depletion. We demonstrate that the ECM supports the maintenance of E-I balance by retaining inhibitory connectivity. Quantification of synapses and super-resolution microscopy showed that depletion of the ECM in mature neuronal networks preferentially decreases the density of inhibitory synapses and the size of individual inhibitory postsynaptic scaffolds. The reduction of inhibitory synapse density is partially compensated by the homeostatically increasing synaptic strength via the reduction of presynaptic GABAB receptors, as indicated by patch-clamp measurements and GABAB receptor expression quantifications. However, both spiking and bursting activity in neuronal networks is increased after ECM depletion, as indicated by multi-electrode recordings. With computational modelling, we determined that ECM depletion reduces the inhibitory connectivity to an extent that the inhibitory synapse scaling does not fully compensate for the reduced inhibitory synapse density. Our results indicate that the brain’s ECM preserves the balanced state of neuronal networks by supporting inhibitory control via inhibitory synapse stabilization, which expands the current understanding of brain activity regulation.
Graphic abstract
Prescribed signal concentration on the boundary: Weak solvability in a chemotaxis-Stokes system with proliferation
Authors: Black Tobias , Wu Chunyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study a chemotaxis-Stokes system with signal consumption and logistic source terms of the form "Equation missing"where$$\kappa \ge 0$$κ≥0,$$\mu >0$$μ>0and, in contrast to the commonly investigated variants of chemotaxis-fluid systems, the signal concentration on the boundary of the domain$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$Ω⊂RNwith$$N\in \{2,3\}$$N∈{2,3}is a prescribed time-independent nonnegative function$$c_*\in C^{2}\!\left( {{\,\mathrm{\overline{\Omega }}\,}}\right) $$c∗∈C2Ω¯. Making use of the boundedness information entailed by the quadratic decay term of the first equation, we will show that the system above has at least one global weak solution for any suitably regular triplet of initial data.
Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Authors: Köck Johannes , Gottschalk Christoph , Ulrich Sebastian , Schwaiger Karin , Gareis Manfred , Niessen Ludwig 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes such as satratoxins are produced by chemotype S strains of Stachybotrys chartarum. Diseases such as stachybotryotoxicosis in animals and the sick building syndrome as a multifactorial disease complex in humans have been associated with this mold and its toxins. Less toxic non-chemotype S strains of S. chartarum are morphologically indistinguishable from chemotype S strains, which results in uncertainties in hazard characterization of isolates. To selectively identify macrocyclic trichothecene producing S. chartarum isolates, a set of sat14 gene-specific primers was designed and applied in a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using neutral red for visual signal detection. The assay was highly specific for S. chartarum strains of the macrocyclic trichothecene producing chemotype and showed no cross-reaction with non-macrocyclic trichothecene producing S. chartarum strains or 152 strains of 131 other fungal species. The assay’s detection limit was 0.635 pg/rxn (picogram per reaction) with a reaction time of 60 min. Its high specificity and sensitivity as well as the cost-saving properties make the new assay an interesting and powerful diagnostic tool for easy and rapid testing.
Counting tropical rational space curves with cross-ratio constraints
Authors: Goldner Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis is a follow-up paper of Goldner (Math Z 297(1–2):133–174, 2021), where rational curves in surfaces that satisfy general positioned point and cross-ratio conditions were enumerated. A suitable correspondence theorem provided in Tyomkin (Adv Math 305:1356–1383, 2017) allowed us to use tropical geometry, and, in particular, a degeneration technique called floor diagrams. This correspondence theorem also holds in higher dimension. In the current paper, we introduce so-called cross-ratio floor diagrams and show that they allow us to determine the number of rational space curves that satisfy general positioned point and cross-ratio conditions. The multiplicities of such cross-ratio floor diagrams can be calculated by enumerating certain rational tropical curves in the plane.
Complete reducibility: variations on a theme of Serre
Authors: Gruchot Maike , Litterick Alastair , Röhrle Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this note, we unify and extend various concepts in the area of G-complete reducibility, where G is a reductive algebraic group. By results of Serre and Bate–Martin–Röhrle, the usual notion of G-complete reducibility can be re-framed as a property of an action of a group on the spherical building of the identity component of G. We show that other variations of this notion, such as relative complete reducibility and $$\sigma $$
σ
-complete reducibility, can also be viewed as special cases of this building-theoretic definition, and hence a number of results from these areas are special cases of more general properties.
A broadly cross-reactive monoclonal antibody against hepatitis E virus capsid antigen
Authors: Kubickova Barbara , Schenk Jörg A. , Ramm Franziska , Markuškienė Kornelija , Reetz Jochen , Dremsek Paul , Tamosiunas Paulius Lukas , Cepulyte Laima , Trinh Hoai Anh , Scholz Johannes , Memczak Henry , Hovestädt Marc , Ryll René , Petraityte-Burneikiene Rasa , Corman Victor M. , Andersson Anika , Becher Dietmar , Groschup Martin H. , Kubick Stefan , Sellrie Frank , Johne Reimar , Ulrich Rainer G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To generate a hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 (HEV-3)–specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), the Escherichia coli–expressed carboxy-terminal part of its capsid protein was used to immunise BALB/c mice. The immunisation resulted in the induction of HEV-specific antibodies of high titre. The mAb G117-AA4 of IgG1 isotype was obtained showing a strong reactivity with the homologous E. coli, but also yeast-expressed capsid protein of HEV-3. The mAb strongly cross-reacted with ratHEV capsid protein derivatives produced in both expression systems and weaker with an E. coli–expressed batHEV capsid protein fragment. In addition, the mAb reacted with capsid protein derivatives of genotypes HEV-2 and HEV-4 and common vole hepatitis E virus (cvHEV), produced by the cell-free synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) cell lysates. Western blot and line blot reactivity of the mAb with capsid protein derivatives of HEV-1 to HEV-4, cvHEV, ratHEV and batHEV suggested a linear epitope. Use of truncated derivatives of ratHEV capsid protein in ELISA, Western blot, and a Pepscan analysis allowed to map the epitope within a partially surface-exposed region with the amino acid sequence LYTSV. The mAb was also shown to bind to human patient–derived HEV-3 from infected cell culture and to hare HEV-3 and camel HEV-7 capsid proteins from transfected cells by immunofluorescence assay. The novel mAb may serve as a useful tool for further investigations on the pathogenesis of HEV infections and might be used for diagnostic purposes.

Key points
• The antibody showed cross-reactivity with capsid proteins of different hepeviruses.
• The linear epitope of the antibody was mapped in a partially surface-exposed region.
• The antibody detected native HEV-3 antigen in infected mammalian cells.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of CONSTANS-Like Family Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Tian Zhen , Qin Xiaodong , Wang Hui , Li Ji , Chen Jinfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family is one of the plant-specific transcription factor families that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, the knowledge of COLs related in cucumber is limited, and their biological functions, especially in the photoperiod-dependent flowering process, are still unclear. In this study, twelve CsaCOL genes were identified in the cucumber genome. Phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses provided insights into the evolutionary relationship between the CsaCOLs. Further, the comparative genome analysis revealed that COL genes are conserved in different plant species, especially collinearity gene pairs related to CsaCOL5. Ten kinds of cis-acting elements were vividly detected in CsaCOLs promoter regions, including five light-responsive elements, which echo the diurnal rhythm expression patterns of seven CsaCOL genes under SD and LD photoperiod regimes. Combined with the expression data of developmental stage, three CsaCOL genes are involved in the flowering network and play pivotal roles for the floral induction process. Our results provide useful information for further elucidating the structural characteristics, expression patterns, and biological functions of COL family genes in many plants