bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycotoxins occurrence in medicinal herbs dietary supplements and exposure assessment
Authors: Pallarés Noelia , Berrada Houda , Font Guillermina , Ferrer Emilia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe multimycotoxin analysis of aflatoxins (AFs), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) was performed in 85 samples of medicinal herbs dietary supplements. The samples were classified in 64 samples of one herbal ingredient and 21 mixed samples. The extraction was performed by QuEChERS method and the determination by liquid chromatography coupled to ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS-IT). Then, the risk characterization to mycotoxins through the consumption of medicinal herbs dietary supplements was assessed. The results showed that ZEA, OTA, ENNs and BEA showed in the samples with incidences between 1 and 34%, being ENNB the most detected mycotoxin. Mycotoxins contents ranged from LOQ to 3850.5 µg/kg while the mean of positives samples were 65.5 µg/kg (ENNA), 82.7 µg/kg (ENNA1), 88.7 µg/kg (ENNB), 324.9 µg/kg (ENNB1), 137.9 µg/kg (BEA) and 1340.11 µg/kg (ZEA), respectively. OTA was detected in one herbal mix tablet for insomnia at concentration of 799 μg/kg. In herbal drugs the European Pharmacopoeia Commission has implemented limits of 2 µg/kg for AFB1 and 4 µg/kg for total AFs. In the present study AFs have not been detected in the analyzed medicinal herbs dietary supplements. The Estimated Daily Intakes (EDIs) values were calculated using a deterministic method, considering two exposure scenarios (lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB)). The values obtained were in general far below the Tolerable Daily Intakes (TDIs) established.
Graphical abstract
Experiences and perspectives of older patients with a return visit to the emergency department within 30 days: patient journey mapping
Authors: Schouten Bo , Driesen Babiche E. J. M. , Merten Hanneke , Burger Brigitte H. C. M. , Hartjes Mariëlle G. , Nanayakkara Prabath W. B. , Wagner Cordula 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Up to 22% of older patients who visit the emergency department (ED) have a return visit within 30 days. To achieve patient-centered care for this group at the ED it is important to involve the patient perspective and strive to provide the best possible experience. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the experiences and perspectives of older patients from initial to return ED visit by mapping their patient journey.

Methods
We performed a qualitative patient journey study with 13 patients of 70 years and older with a return ED visit within 30 days who presented at the Amsterdam UMC, a Dutch academic hospital. We used semi-structured interviews focusing on the patient experience during their journey and developed a conceptual framework for coding.

Results
Our sample consisted of 13 older patients with an average age of 80 years, and 62% of them were males. The framework contained a timeline of the patient journey with five chronological main themes, complemented with an ‘experience’ theme, these were divided into 34 subthemes. Health status, social system, contact with the general practitioner, aftercare, discharge and expectations were the five main themes. The experiences regarding these themes differed greatly between patients. The two most prominent subthemes were waiting time and discharge communication, which were mostly related to a negative experience.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into the experiences and perspectives of older patients from initial to return ED visit. The two major findings were that lack of clarity regarding waiting times and suboptimal discharge communication contributed to negative experiences. Recommendations regarding waiting time (i.e. a two-hour time out at the ED), and discharge communication (i.e. checklist for discharge) could contribute to a positive ED experience and thereby potentially improve patient-centered care.
Virtual Reality Application of the Fortress Al Zubarah in Qatar Including Performance Analysis of Real-Time Visualisation
Authors: Kersten Thomas , Drenkhan Daniel , Deggim Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTechnological advancements in the area of Virtual Reality (VR) in the past years have the potential to fundamentally impact our everyday lives. VR makes it possible to explore a digital world with a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) in an immersive, embodied way. In combination with current tools for 3D documentation, modelling and software for creating interactive virtual worlds, VR has the means to play an important role in the conservation and visualisation of cultural heritage (CH) for museums, educational institutions and other cultural areas. Corresponding game engines offer tools for interactive 3D visualisation of CH objects, which makes a new form of knowledge transfer possible with the direct participation of users in the virtual world. However, to ensure smooth and optimal real-time visualisation of the data in the HMD, VR applications should run at 90 frames per second. This frame rate is dependent on several criteria including the amount of data or number of dynamic objects. In this contribution, the performance of a VR application has been investigated using different digital 3D models of the fortress Al Zubarah in Qatar with various resolutions. We demonstrate the influence on real-time performance by the amount of data and the hardware equipment and that developers of VR applications should find a compromise between the amount of data and the available computer hardware, to guarantee a smooth real-time visualisation with approx. 90 fps (frames per second). Therefore, CAD models offer a better performance for real-time VR visualisation than meshed models due to the significant reduced data volume.
P-POSSUM as mortality predictor in COVID-19-infected patients submitted to emergency digestive surgery. A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Madrazo Zoilo , Osorio Javier , Videla Sebastián , Sainz Beatriz , Rodríguez-González Araceli , Campos Andrea , Santamaría Maite , Pelegrina Amalia , González-Serrano Carmen , Aldeano Aurora , Sarriugarte Aingeru , Gómez-Díaz Carlos Javier , Ruiz-Luna David , García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela Amador , Gómez-Gavara Concepción , Gil-Barrionuevo Marta , Vila Marina , Clavell Arantxa , Campillo Beatriz , Millán Laura , Olona Carles , Sánchez-Cordero Sergi , Medrano Rodrigo , López-Arévalo Camilo Andrés , Pérez-Romero Noelia , Artigau Eva , Calle Miguel , Echenagusia Víctor , Otero Aurema , Tebé Cristian , Pallarès Natàlia , Biondo Sebastiano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 infection is associated with a higher mortality rate in surgical patients, but surgical risk scores have not been validated in the emergency setting. We aimed to study the capacity for postoperative mortality prediction of the P-POSSUM score in COVID-19-positive patients submitted to emergency general and digestive surgery.

Material and methods
Consecutive patients undergoing emergency general and digestive surgery from March to June 2020, and from March to June 2019 in 25 Spanish hospitals were included in a retrospective cohort study. Main outcome: 30-day mortality. P-POSSUM discrimination was quantified by the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves; calibration was assessed by linear regression slope (β estimator); and sensitivity and specificity were expressed as percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
4988 patients were included: 177 COVID-19-positive; 2011 intra-pandemic COVID-19-negative; and 2800 pre-pandemic. COVID-19-positive patients were older, with higher surgical risk, more advanced pathologies, and higher P-POSSUM values (1.79% vs. 1.09%, p < 0.001, in both the COVID-19-negative and control cohort). 30-day mortality in the COVID-19-positive, intra-pandemic COVID-19-negative and pre-pandemic cohorts were: 12.9%, 4.6%, and 3.2%. The P-POSSUM predictive values in the three cohorts were, respectively: AUC 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.95), 0.89 (95% CI 0.87–0.92), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.93); β value 0.97 (95% CI 0.74–1.2), 0.99 (95% CI 0.82–1.16), and 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.82); sensitivity 83% (95% CI 61–95), 91% (95% CI 84–96), and 89% (95% CI 80–94); and specificity 81% (95% CI 74–87), 76% (95% CI 74–78), and 80% (95% CI 79–82).

Conclusion
The P-POSSUM score showed a good predictive capacity for postoperative mortality in COVID-19-positive patients submitted to emergency general and digestive surgery.

Highlights
TRUNCATED AFFINE SPRINGER FIBERS AND ARTHUR’S WEIGHTED ORBITAL INTEGRALS
Authors: Chen Zongbin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe explain an algorithm to calculate Arthur’s weighted orbital integral in terms of the number of rational points on the fundamental domain of the associated affine Springer fiber. The strategy is to count the number of rational points of the truncated affine Springer fibers in two ways: by the Arthur–Kottwitz reduction and by the Harder–Narasimhan reduction. A comparison of results obtained from these two approaches gives recurrence relations between the number of rational points on the fundamental domains of the affine Springer fibers and Arthur’s weighted orbital integrals. As an example, we calculate Arthur’s weighted orbital integrals for the groups
${\textrm {GL}}_{2}$
and
${\textrm {GL}}_{3}$
.
Tropical Cyclone Frequency
Authors: Sobel Adam H. , Wing Allison A. , Camargo Suzana J. , Patricola Christina M. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Lee Chia‐Ying , Tippett Michael K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe frequency with which tropical cyclones (TCs) occur controls all other aspects of tropical cyclone risk since a storm that does not occur can do no harm. Yet this frequency is poorly understood. There is no accepted theory that explains the average number of TCs that occur each year on the Earth, nor how that number will change with global warming. Arguments based on global budgets of heat or moisture do not yet appear helpful, nor does a detailed understanding of the physical processes of TC genesis. Empirical indices that predict TC frequency as a function of large‐scale environmental variables can explain some of its relative variations in space and time, but not its absolute value. Global numerical models with horizontal grid spacings on the order of 25–50 km have allowed much improved simulations of TC activity, however. Many such models project a decrease in frequency with warming, but some project an increase. Idealized simulations, including those at higher resolutions, offer promise by allowing a systematic, deductive investigation of the roles of individual environmental factors. In addition to the larger‐scale environmental modulation of genesis likelihood, precursor disturbances, or “seeds”, may exert an independent influence on TC frequency.
A Generalized Magnetospheric Disturbance Index: Initial Application to Mars Using MAVEN Observations
Authors: Gruesbeck J. R. , Espley J. R. , Lee C. O. , Curry S. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince MAVEN's arrival at Mars in 2014, in situ observations of the magnetic field have been made continually. During this time, the Martian magnetosphere has been disturbed by various solar transient events such as stream interaction regions (SIRs) and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). To understand the impact of transient events on magnetospheres, statistical studies with large sets of events are necessary. At Earth, quantitative disturbance metrics have been employed, primarily relying on ground‐based magnetometer observations, enabling statistical studies of transient events to various physical processes driven by solar wind‐planetary interactions. However, many of these indices require assumptions about the magnetic field background. Lacking an intrinsic global magnetic field, the Martian magnetosphere is a product of piled‐up interplanetary magnetic field resulting in a variable “nominal” state of the system. To estimate the level of the disturbance to the Martian system, we have developed a generalized Magnetospheric Disturbance Index (MDI). MDI normalizes each observation and quantifies the change in field strength and variability inside of the bow shock. As an initial application, we compare the effectiveness of more than 70 SIRs and ICMEs at disturbing the Martian system. We find that the strength of MDI is not dependent on the type of space weather event impacting Mars. Additionally, the duration of the disturbance is not correlated to the type of space weather event or strength of disturbance. The short duration of the disturbance may imply that the system reacts to enhanced dynamic pressure and quickly relaxes back to a nominal state.
Opposing white matter microstructure abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion and duplication carriers
Authors: Seitz-Holland Johanna , Lyons Monica , Kushan Leila , Lin Amy , Villalon-Reina Julio E. , Cho Kang Ik Kevin , Zhang Fan , Billah Tashrif , Bouix Sylvain , Kubicki Marek , Bearden Carrie E. , Pasternak Ofer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeletions and duplications at the 22q11.2 locus are associated with significant neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity. Previous diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in 22q11.2 deletion carriers (22q-del) found nonspecific white matter (WM) abnormalities, characterized by higher fractional anisotropy. Here, utilizing novel imaging and processing methods that allow separation of signal contribution from different tissue properties, we investigate whether higher anisotropy is driven by (1) extracellular changes, (2) selective degeneration of secondary fibers, or (3) volumetric differences. We further, for the first time, investigate WM microstructure in 22q11.2 duplication carriers (22q-dup). Multi-shell diffusion-weighted images were acquired from 26 22q-del, 19 22q-dup, and 18 healthy individuals (HC). Images were fitted with the free-water model to estimate anisotropy following extracellular free-water elimination and with the novel BedpostX model to estimate fractional volumes of primary and secondary fiber populations. Outcome measures were compared between groups, with and without correction for WM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes. In 22q-del, anisotropy following free-water elimination remained significantly higher compared with controls. BedpostX did not identify selective secondary fiber degeneration. Higher anisotropy diminished when correcting for the higher CSF and lower WM volumes. In contrast, 22q-dup had lower anisotropy and greater extracellular space than HC, not influenced by macrostructural volumes. Our findings demonstrate opposing effects of reciprocal 22q11.2 copy-number variation on WM, which may arise from distinct pathologies. In 22q-del, microstructural abnormalities may be secondary to enlarged CSF space and more densely packed WM. In 22q-dup, we see evidence for demyelination similar to what is commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorders.
PURPL represses autophagic cell death to promote cutaneous melanoma by modulating ULK1 phosphorylation
Authors: Han Shuo , Li Xue , Wang Ke , Zhu Dingheng , Meng Bingyao , Liu Jieyu , Liang Xiaoting , Jin Yi , Liu Xingyuan , Wen Qian , Zhou Liang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUncontrolled overactivation of autophagy may lead to autophagic cell death, suppression of which is a pro-survival strategy for tumors. However, mechanisms involving key regulators in modulating autophagic cell death remain poorly defined. Here, we report a novel long noncoding RNA, p53 upregulated regulator of p53 levels (PURPL), functions as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasiveness, and inhibits cell death in melanoma cells. Mechanistic studies showed that PURPL promoted mTOR-mediated ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser757 by physical interacting with mTOR and ULK1 to constrain autophagic response to avoid cell death. Loss of PURPL led to AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555 and Ser317 to over-activate autophagy and induce autophagic cell death. Our results identify PURPL as a key regulator to modulate the activity of autophagy initiation factor ULK1 to repress autophagic cell death in melanoma and may represent a potential intervention target for melanoma therapy.
Autonomous extraction of millimeter-scale deformation in InSAR time series using deep learning
Authors: Rouet-Leduc Bertrand , Jolivet Romain , Dalaison Manon , Johnson Paul A. , Hulbert Claudia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSystematically characterizing slip behaviours on active faults is key to unraveling the physics of tectonic faulting and the interplay between slow and fast earthquakes. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), by enabling measurement of ground deformation at a global scale every few days, may hold the key to those interactions. However, atmospheric propagation delays often exceed ground deformation of interest despite state-of-the art processing, and thus InSAR analysis requires expert interpretation and a priori knowledge of fault systems, precluding global investigations of deformation dynamics. Here, we show that a deep auto-encoder architecture tailored to untangle ground deformation from noise in InSAR time series autonomously extracts deformation signals, without prior knowledge of a fault’s location or slip behaviour. Applied to InSAR data over the North Anatolian Fault, our method reaches 2 mm detection, revealing a slow earthquake twice as extensive as previously recognized. We further explore the generalization of our approach to inflation/deflation-induced deformation, applying the same methodology to the geothermal field of Coso, California.
Evolutionary metabolic landscape from preneoplasia to invasive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nie Meng , Yao Ke , Zhu Xinsheng , Chen Na , Xiao Nan , Wang Yi , Peng Bo , Yao LiAng , Li Peng , Zhang Peng , Hu Zeping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming evolves during cancer initiation and progression. However, thorough understanding of metabolic evolution from preneoplasia to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still limited. Here, we perform large-scale targeted metabolomics on resected lesions and plasma obtained from invasive LUAD and its precursors, and decipher the metabolic trajectories from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC), revealing that perturbed metabolic pathways emerge early in premalignant lesions. Furthermore, three panels of plasma metabolites are identified as non-invasive predictive biomarkers to distinguish IAC and its precursors with benign diseases. Strikingly, metabolomics clustering defines three metabolic subtypes of IAC patients with distinct clinical characteristics. We identify correlation between aberrant bile acid metabolism in subtype III with poor clinical features and demonstrate dysregulated bile acid metabolism promotes migration of LUAD, which could be exploited as potential targetable vulnerability and for stratifying patients. Collectively, the comprehensive landscape of the metabolic evolution along the development of LUAD will improve early detection and provide impactful therapeutic strategies.
A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes
Authors: Varshney Rajeev K. , Roorkiwal Manish , Sun Shuai , Bajaj Prasad , Chitikineni Annapurna , Thudi Mahendar , Singh Narendra P. , Du Xiao , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Khan Aamir W. , Wang Yue , Garg Vanika , Fan Guangyi , Cowling Wallace A. , Crossa José , Gentzbittel Laurent , Voss-Fels Kai Peter , Valluri Vinod Kumar , Sinha Pallavi , Singh Vikas K. , Ben Cécile , Rathore Abhishek , Punna Ramu , Singh Muneendra K. , Tar’an Bunyamin , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Yasin Mohammad , Pithia Motisagar S. , Singh Servejeet , Soren Khela Ram , Kudapa Himabindu , Jarquín Diego , Cubry Philippe , Hickey Lee T. , Dixit Girish Prasad , Thuillet Anne-Céline , Hamwieh Aladdin , Kumar Shiv , Deokar Amit A. , Chaturvedi Sushil K. , Francis Aleena , Howard Réka , Chattopadhyay Debasis , Edwards David , Lyons Eric , Vigouroux Yves , Hayes Ben J. , von Wettberg Eric , Datta Swapan K. , Yang Huanming , Nguyen Henry T. , Wang Jian , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Mohapatra Trilochan , Bennetzen Jeffrey L. , Xu Xun , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZero hunger and good health could be realized by 2030 through effective conservation, characterization and utilization of germplasm resources1. So far, few chickpea (Cicerarietinum) germplasm accessions have been characterized at the genome sequence level2. Here we present a detailed map of variation in 3,171 cultivated and 195 wild accessions to provide publicly available resources for chickpea genomics research and breeding. We constructed a chickpea pan-genome to describe genomic diversity across cultivated chickpea and its wild progenitor accessions. A divergence tree using genes present in around 80% of individuals in one species allowed us to estimate the divergence of Cicer over the last 21 million years. Our analysis found chromosomal segments and genes that show signatures of selection during domestication, migration and improvement. The chromosomal locations of deleterious mutations responsible for limited genetic diversity and decreased fitness were identified in elite germplasm. We identified superior haplotypes for improvement-related traits in landraces that can be introgressed into elite breeding lines through haplotype-based breeding, and found targets for purging deleterious alleles through genomics-assisted breeding and/or gene editing. Finally, we propose three crop breeding strategies based on genomic prediction to enhance crop productivity for 16 traits while avoiding the erosion of genetic diversity through optimal contribution selection (OCS)-based pre-breeding. The predicted performance for 100-seed weight, an important yield-related trait, increased by up to 23% and 12% with OCS- and haplotype-based genomic approaches, respectively.
Asynchronous bumpless stabilisation of uncertain switched linear positive systems with mixed time delay and L1‐gain performance
Authors: Nojoumian Mohammad Ali , Ayati Moosa , Zakerzadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a bumpless transfer control problem for uncertain switched positive linear time‐delay systems (SPLTDSs) with discrete and distributed delays. The innovation of this study is to develop a linear feedback controller and design a switching law that ensures lower controller signal bumps due to the switches of the SPLTDSs and also guarantee the –gain performance of the system. To this end, a bumpless transfer performance is proposed, and stabilisation constraints for SPLTDSs with synchronous switching are developed. Dwell time criteria are utilised in the stability analysis. Also, the results are improved to cover the uncertain SPLTDSs with interval or polytopic uncertainties. Then, asynchronous switching is considered, and the proposed method is extended to deals with asynchronous switching mode. Asynchronous switching means switches of the controller have lagged behind the subsystem switches. All the stability conditions are derived by multiple co‐positive Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional for synchronous and asynchronous switching conditions. At last, two numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the leading existing solutions.
Coverage analysis of intelligent reflecting surface systems in Rayleigh fading
Authors: Devapriya R. Dahlia , Sudharsan P. , Tellambura C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntelligent reflecting surfaces have attracted much attention recently as they can manipulate the wireless channel. However, the typical analysis of the downlink system considers the BS‐IRS‐UE link only. Apart from the BS‐IRS‐UE link, the BS‐UE link also exists. In this letter, closed‐form expressions are derived for coverage at the UE considering both these links. Simulations verify the derived expressions, which shed light on the impact of different parameters. Using the closed‐form expression for coverage, an accurate bound is derived for IRS coverage range, that is, the distance beyond which the coverage drops to zero.