bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cognitive benefits of bilingualism in autism spectrum disorder: Is theory of mind boosted and by which underlying factors?
Authors: Peristeri Eleni , Baldimtsi Eleni , Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria , Durrleman Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether bilingualism boosts Theory of Mind as measured by a non‐verbal false belief (FB) task in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and how this potential boost may stem from improvements in a variety of other domains, namely executive functions (EFs), language, metalinguistic awareness skills, as well as autism severity. One hundred and three children with ASD (7‐ to 15‐year‐olds) (43 bilingual and 60 age‐ and IQ‐matched monolingual children) were tested on a nonverbal task of attentional switching, working memory and updating task, and an online, low‐verbal first‐order FB task. Results showed a clear FB benefit for bilingual children with ASD as compared with their monolingual peers. There were also boosts in EF, however, there is no evidence that these EF boosts drove the FB advantage. Enhanced FB was not explained either by language, metalinguistic skills, or lower autism severity. While the results do not conclusively settle the debate on what triggers the ToM advantage in bilingual children with ASD, the empirical picture of the current study suggests that the ToM component of FB understanding in bilingual children with ASD is enhanced by the bilingual experience per se.Lay SummaryThe current study aimed to determine if and how bilingualism may improve the ability to understand others' beliefs in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We assessed their belief reasoning alongside a series of other skills hypothesized to be beneficial for such reasoning, namely understanding, producing, and thinking about language, recalling and switching between information, and the severity of their autistic symptoms. The overall findings highlight advantages for bilingual children with ASD over their monolingual peers for grasping beliefs, thus suggesting that pursuing bilingualism may be beneficial for cognition in ASD. Other boosts were also associated with bilingualism, such as recalling and switching between information, but these boosts were not directly related to belief understanding, highlighting the beneficial role of bilingualism per se.
The first in‐depth exploration of the genome of the engineered bacterium, Gluconobacter thailandicus
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Ali Afsana , Liu Chenyi , Liu Yupeng , Zhang Pengpai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlycerol is an abundant byproduct of biodiesel production that has significant industrial value and can be converted into dihydroxyacetone (DHA). DHA is widely used for the production of various chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Gluconobacter can convert glycerol to DHA through two different pathways, including membrane‐bound dehydrogenases with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and NAD(P)+‐dependent enzymes. Previous work has indicated that membrane‐bound dehydrogenases are present in Gluconobacter oxydans and Gluconobacter frateurii, but the metabolic mechanism of Gluconobacter thailandicus’s glycerol conversion is still not clear. Through in‐depth analysis of the G. thailandicus genome and annotation of its metabolic pathways, we revealed the existence of both PQQ and NAD(P)+‐dependent enzymes in G. thailandicus. In addition, this study provides important information related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycerol dehydrogenase level, and phylogenetic relationships of this important species.
Carbon dots crosslinked chitosan/cellulose sponge capture of methyl blue by an adsorption process
Authors: Lu Shiyan , Yuan Guangzhi , Zhu Yongfei , Yu Shujuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor environmental protection, organic dyes and solvents of industrial wastewater must be eliminated. Here, a citric acid‐based carbon dots (CA‐CDs) crosslinked chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose (CS/MCC/CA‐CDs) sponge was synthesized to study its adsorption performance for methyl blue (MB) dye. The morphology of the sponge was a tangled fibre with a bundle formed by hydrogen bonds between CA‐CDs and the CS/MCC composite matrix. The abundant amount of tangled fibre bundle units can offer plentiful active adsorption sites to collect the dye molecules. The adsorption capacity of the CS/MCC/CA‐CDs sponge toward MB was 306.8 mg/g at pH 10 and a temperature of 298 K. In addition, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model was matched with the adsorption kinetic experimental data, and the adsorption isotherm data can be described by the Langmuir models. This study proposed that the CS/MCC/CA‐CDs sponge adsorbent creates tremendous potential application value in wastewater treatment due to its fast kinetics, high adsorption capacity, simple preparation, and eco‐friendly properties.
The positive development role of informal economic activity: The case of informal printing firms in Ghana
Authors: Darbi William Phanuel Kofi , Knott Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe address the potential for the “informal sector” to have a positive role in development, in contrast to portrayals of the sector as marginal, transient, exploitative, and predicated on institutional failings. Our study presents a social practice analysis of the informal printing hub in Accra, Ghana, which operates in this sector characterised by various degrees of non‐compliance with business registration, tax and employment legislation. We profile the operations and strategic practices of its small informal businesses and show how informal sector actors, regulatory institutions and formal business customers navigate the ambiguous terrain that informality brings by co‐constructing informality as a pervasive, near‐legitimate phenomenon. From the case, we argue that the informal economy can achieve not only resilient operational and competitive performance but also a set of positive socio‐economic outcomes. We explore policy responses capable of nurturing its immersive networks by emphasising pragmatic accommodation and flexible dispensation.
Targeting thymidine phosphorylase as a potential therapy for bone loss associated with periprosthetic osteolysis
Authors: Matsumae Gen , Shimizu Tomohiro , Tian Yuan , Takahashi Daisuke , Ebata Taku , Alhasan Hend , Yokota Shunichi , Kadoya Ken , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacrophages are generally thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening through initiating periprosthetic inflammation and pathological bone resorption. The aim of this study was to identify macrophage‐derived factors that promote osteoclast differentiation and periprosthetic bone destruction. To achieve this, we examined the effects of 12 macrophage‐derived factors that were identified by RNA‐seq analysis of stimulated macrophages on osteoclast differentiation. Surprisingly, thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) was found to trigger significant number of osteoclasts that exhibited resorbing activities on dentine slices. Functionally, TYMP knockdown reduced the number of osteoclasts in macrophages that had been stimulated with polyethylene debris. TYMP were detected in serum and synovial tissues of patients that had been diagnosed with aseptic loosening. Moreover, the administration of TYMP onto calvariae of mice induced pathological bone resorption that was accompanied by an excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts. The RNA‐seq for TYMP‐induced‐osteoclasts was then performed in an effort to understand action mode of TYMP. TYMP stimulation appeared to activate the tyrosine kinase FYN signaling associated with osteoclast formation. Oral administration of saracatinib, a FYN kinase inhibitor, significantly suppressed formation of bone osteolytic lesions in a polyethylene debris‐induced osteolysis model. Our findings highlight a novel molecular target for therapeutic intervention in periprosthetic osteolysis.
Modulation of Cellular Fate of Vinyl Triarylamines through Structural Fine Tuning: To Stay or Not To Stay in the Mitochondria?
Authors: Fourmois Laura , Poyer Florent , Sourdon Aude , Naud‐Martin Delphine , Nagarajan Sounderya , Chennoufi Rahima , Deprez Eric , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitochondria are involved in many cellular pathways and dysfunctional mitochondria are linked to various diseases. Hence efforts have been made to design mitochondria‐targeted fluorophores for monitoring the mitochondrial status. However, the factors that govern the mitochondria‐targeted potential of dyes are not well‐understood. In this context, we synthesized analogues of the TP‐2Bzim probe belonging to the vinyltriphenylamine (TPA) class and already described for its capacity to bind nuclear DNA in fixed cells and mitochondria in live cells. These analogues (TP‐1Bzim, TPn‐2Bzim, TP1+‐2Bzim, TN‐2Bzim) differ in the cationic charge, the number of vinylbenzimidazolium branches and the nature of the triaryl core. Using microscopy, we demonstrated that the cationic derivatives accumulate in mitochondria but do not reach mtDNA. Under depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane, TP‐2Bzim and TP1+‐2Bzim translocate to the nucleus in direct correlation with their strong DNA affinity. This reversible phenomenon emphasizes that these probes can be used to monitor ΔΨm variations.
A case of multiple primary malignancies including peritoneal mesothelioma surviving over 11 years
Authors: Esmati Ebrahim , Rezaei Saeed , Jafari Fatemeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple primary malignancies are exceedingly rare, but they may occur sequentially in a patient, so in the follow‐up of patients with a history of malignancy, always pay attention to second and third primary malignancies as well.
Development of intracardiac thrombus in a young patient with antiphospholipid syndrome while she was on rivaroxaban: Case report and literature review
Authors: Abdelmahmuod Elabbass A. , Hamad Abdelrahman , Almaghraby Ahmed , Mohamed Samah , Alkuwari Maryam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe probability of right heart thrombus co‐existence should be considered in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who have pulmonary and cardiac symptoms. The prevention and management of intracardiac thrombotic events include early use of anticoagulation therapy.
Hypomyelination and Congenital Cataract: Identification of a Novel likely pathogenic c.414+1G>A in FAM126A gene Variant
Authors: Troncoso Mónica , Balut Fernanda , Witting Scarlet , Rubilar Carla , Carrera Jorge , Cartes Fabiola , Herrera Luisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is key to expand the differential diagnosis and consider possible genetic etiologies on a patient with congenital cataracts associated with clinical features, such as leukodystrophy or polyneuropathy.
Atypical IgG4‐related disease limited to the sino‐nasal cavity: A case report
Authors: Shaikh Ahmed , Silla Karol , Aljariri Adham A. , Sharaf Eldean Mouhammad Zuhair , Al Saey Hamad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiven the overlapping clinical features of sino‐nasal immunoglobulin 4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) to rhinitis or rhinosinusitis, this paper aims to delineate this rare, isolated manifestation significant to physicians for their daily practice and researchers contributing to this field.
Early detection of large‐vessel occlusion stroke after cardiac surgery using CT angiography leading to early recanalization with endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Takemoto Kiyoshi , Sakuraya Masaaki , Nakamura Michitaka , Maekawa Hidetsugu , Yamanaka Kazuo , Atagi Kazuaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCT angiography may be useful for early diagnosis of ischemic stroke after cardiac surgery. When patients diagnosed with large‐vessel occlusion, endovascular thrombectomy may be a therapeutic option and may improve their neurological complications.
Metastatic L1 root compression presenting as an inguinal pain: A case report
Authors: Mirzashahi Babak , Vosoughi Farzad , Besharaty Saied , Hasani Satehi Sadegh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs the spine is the third most common place for metastatic involvement, spinal examination is essential in patients with a known history of cancer, even in those with no related complains (ie. Backpain).
Secondary hemicrania continua‐tic syndrome associated with fungal sphenoiditis: A case report
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Yanli , Wan Dongjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coexistence of hemicrania‐continua and trigeminal neuralgia is called HC‐tic syndrome. We describe a case of an elderly man who suffered both types of headache related to fungal sphenoiditis. This is the first case to be reported, to the best of our knowledge.
Promoting H2 Activation over Molybdenum Carbide by Modulation of Metal‐Support Interaction for Efficient Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Ma Ling , Chen Ping , Zhang Guangji , Wang Liqiang , Tang Feiying , Zhao Xiaojun , Wang Jin , Huang Jianhan , Liu You‐Nian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransition metal carbides (TMCs) have been used extensively as catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. However, TMC catalysts suffer from low activity for H2 activation, which is vital to their hydrogenation performance. Herein, we report a feasible strategy to improve the ability of TMCs (e. g., Mo2C) for H2 activation by modulation of the metal‐support interaction (MSI). The MSI can be tuned by introducing N element into carbon supports. Specifically, N can modulate the orbital structure of Mo to promote H2 activation. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that H2 activation ability of the metal sites can be altered by loading them onto carbon supports, and optimized by doping N into the corresponding carbon matrices. Consequently, N‐doped carbon‐supported Mo2C (Mo2C/NC) catalyst, possessing improved H2 activation ability, displays remarkably enhanced catalytic hydrogenation performance for the reduction of nitro compounds. The conversion and selectivity over Mo2C/NC are nearly 100 % under mild conditions.
Agronomic responses and sugarcane aphid pressure in warm‐season annual forage mixtures
Authors: Thompson Serena Joy , Jacobson Alana , Severino da Silva Liliane , Dillard Sandra Leanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWarm‐season annual forages are a viable option to complement perennial forage systems. Sugarcane aphid [SCA; Melanaphis sacchari] has emerged as a significant pest in Sorghum spp. compromising forage production. This study evaluated herbage responses and SCA incidence in monoculture and mixtures of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), and sorghum × sudangrass [(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) × (Sorghum × drummondii)]. Crude protein (CP), lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were determined. Incidence of SCA was evaluated weekly on sorghum × sudangrass treatments. Herbage mass was not affected (P = .522) by treatments and ranged from 1,361 to 2,104 lb dry matter (DM) acre–1. Greater herbage mass was observed in Year 1 than 2 (1,678 vs. 1,050 lb DM acre–1) most likely associated with higher rainfall on Year 1. Greater (P < .001) CP was observed in Year 2 and was also associated with mixtures containing cowpea. For treatments containing sorghum × sudangrass, the use of insecticide decreased losses in forage production, although sorghum × sudangrass mixtures did not result in a reduction of SCA when compared to its monoculture. This response is most likely associated with less sorghum × sudangrass plant density in mixtures which may have resulted in a higher SCA incidence per plant. Based on our results, the use of warm‐season annuals is a viable option to complement forage production; however, the use of insecticide may be needed to reduce yield and economical losses due to SCA.
Evaluating injury potential from a midwinter application of carfentrazone‐ethyl to putting greens
Authors: Raudenbush Zane , Benelli Jesse , Elmore Matthew T. , Hoyle Jared A. , Patton Aaron J. , Thompson Cole 
Published: May 2021

Core Ideas
Silvery‐thread moss grows when desirable grasses are dormant in the northern United States.
Carfentrazone‐ethyl applied to dormant creeping bentgrass did not cause injury.
Avoid applying carfentrazone‐ethyl as creeping bentgrass transitions out of dormancy.
Fabrication of Pd/Mg2P2O7 via a Struvite‐Template Way from Wastewater and Application as Chemoselective Catalyst in Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Shaonan , Wang Yan , Zhang Wei , Li Wenqing , Wei Cundi , Zhang Peiping , Miao Shiding 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst Pd/Mg2P2O7 was fabricated by combining palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and mesoporous Mg2P2O7 fibers/rods. Mg2P2O7 fibers with ultra‐high specific surface area were prepared from struvite as templates, which were synthesized from waste water containing N‐ and P‐containing pollutants. This strategy provided a novel pathway for developing advanced catalysts from eutrophication‐polluted water. The composite Pd/Mg2P2O7 showed brilliant performance in selective hydrogenation of nitro aromatics to give anilines. As an example of nitrobenzene hydrogenation, the conversion to aniline and selectivity were found to reach almost 100 % at a temperature of T=90 °C and under a pressure of P
=2.0 MPa. The superior performance was found to originate from PdNPs, which were boosted by electron transfer afforded by the nanofiber Mg2P2O7 supports. The favorable adsorption of withdrawing groups (−NO2) was realized by synergistic effects between Pd and oxygen vacancies provided by pyrolysis of struvite. The catalyst remained stable after cycles of reuse with little degradation in catalytic performance.
Gelatin‐Derived 1D Carbon Nanofiber Architecture with Simultaneous Decoration of Single Fe−Nx Sites and Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Lu , Wang Kun , Niu Jin , Zhang Zhengping , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExploring high‐performance non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical. Herein, a scalable and cost‐effective strategy is reported for the construction of one‐dimensional carbon nanofiber architectures with simultaneous decoration of single Fe−Nx sites and highly dispersed Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles for efficient ORR, through the FeIII‐complex‐assisted electrospinning of gelatin nanofibers with subsequent pre‐oxidation and carbonization. Results show that the presence of a FeIII complex enables the 1D gelatin nanofibers to be well retained during the pre‐oxidation process. Owing to the distinct 1D nanofiber structure and the synergistic effect of Fe/Fe3C and Fe−Nx sites, the resulting electrocatalyst is highly active for ORR with a half‐wave potential of 0.885 V (outperforming commercial Pt/C) and a superior electrochemical stability in alkaline electrolytes. Similarly, it also shows a high power density (144.7 mW cm−2) and a superior stability in Zn‐air batteries. This work opens a path for the design and synthesis of 1D carbon electrocatalyst for efficient ORR catalysis.
Upper Critical Solution Temperature‐Type Responsive Cyclodextrins with Characteristic Inclusion Abilities
Authors: Zhu Li , Liu Kun , Zheng Shudong , Zhang Xiacong , Yan Jiatao , Li Wen , Zhang Afang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWater‐soluble and thermoresponsive macrocycles with stable inclusion toward guests are highly valuable to construct stimuli‐responsive supramolecular materials for versatile applications. Here, we develop such macrocycles – ureido‐substituted cyclodextrins (CDs) which exhibit unprecedented upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aqueous media. These novel CD derivatives showed good solubility in water at elevated temperature, but collapsed from water to form large coacervates upon cooling to low temperature. Their cloud points are greatly dependent on concentration and can be mediated through oxidation and chelation with silver ions. Significantly, the amphiphilicity of these CD derivatives is supportive to host‐guest binding, which affords them inclusion abilities to guest dyes. The inclusion complexation remained nearly intact during thermally induced phase transitions, which is in contrast to the switchable inclusion behavior of lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type CDs. Moreover, ureido‐substituted CDs were exploited to co‐encapsulate a pair of guest dyes whose fluorescence resonance energy transfer process can be switched by the UCST phase transition. We therefore believe these novel thermoresponsive CDs may form a new strategy for developing smart macrocycles and allow for exploring smart supramolecular materials.
A Redox‐Active Tetrazine‐Based Pincer Ligand for the Reduction of N‐Oxyanions Using a Redox‐Inert Metal
Authors: Beagan Daniel M. , Maciulis Nicholas A. , Pink Maren , Carta Veronica , Huerfano I. J. , Chen Chun‐Hsing , Caulton Kenneth G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reaction chemistry of the bis‐tetrazinyl pyridine ligand (btzp) towards nitrogen oxyanions coordinated to zinc is studied in order to explore the reduction of the NOx− substrates with a redox‐active ligand in the absence of redox activity at the metal. Following syntheses and characterization of (btzp)ZnX2 for X=Cl, NO3 and NO2, featuring O−Zn linkage of both nitrogen oxyanions, it is shown that a silylating agent selectively delivers silyl substituents to tetrazine nitrogens, without reductive deoxygenation of NOx−1. A new synthesis of the highly hydrogenated H4btzp, containing two dihydrotetrazine reductants is described as is the synthesis and characterization of (H4btzp)ZnX2 for X=Cl and NO3, both of which show considerable hydrogen bonding potential of the dihydrotetrazine ring NH groups. The (H4btzp)ZnCl2 complex does not bind zinc in the pincer pocket, but instead H4btzp becomes a bridge between neighboring atoms through tetrazine nitrogen atoms, forming a polymeric chain. The reaction of AgNO2 with (H4btzp)ZnCl2 is shown to proceed with fast nitrite deoxygenation, yielding water and free NO. Half of the H4btzp reducing equivalents form Ag0 and thus the chloride ligand remains coordinated to the zinc metal center to yield (btzp)ZnCl2. To compare with AgNO2, experiments of (H4btzp)ZnCl2 with NaNO2 result in salt metathesis between chloride and nitrite, highlighting the importance of a redox‐active cation in the reduction of nitrite to NO.
Recent advances and current challenges in process intensification of cell culture‐based influenza virus vaccine manufacturing
Authors: Silva Cristina A. T. , Kamen Amine A. , Henry Olivier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvery year, millions of people are infected by the influenza virus around the world, which results in more than half a million deaths, particularly among the more vulnerable population. Since vaccination is the most efficient method of protection, millions of doses must be produced in a short period of time to supply seasonal vaccination campaigns around the globe, and billions of doses would be required to respond to a potential global influenza pandemic. The lack of flexibility of the current egg‐based production system and its long production cycles have pushed biomanufacturers to invest in more flexible alternatives for vaccine production, particularly cell culture‐based processes. While a valuable alternative, virus yields are still low, requiring extensive efforts to increase process productivity. Major efforts in the intensification of cell culture‐based viral vaccine manufacturing focus on the development of high cell density processes, which mostly involve the employment of perfusion‐based strategies. In this review, some of the advantages of cell culture‐based production of influenza vaccines will be discussed, and some of the current challenges and opportunities for the intensification of these processes will be presented. Finally, the recent advances in high cell density processes for influenza vaccine manufacturing will be reviewed.