bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the space charge distribution in poled soda-lime glass
Authors: Oven R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An analytical model of electric field assisted diffusion of ions into a multi-component glass is extended to calculate the space charge that forms between the poled layer and the potassium peak in a poled soda-lime glass. The model is compared with numerical solutions to the drift-diffusion equations and Poisson’s equation and shows good agreement. Some recent experimental results in corona poled soda-lime glass are also discussed using this model.
Growth, physiochemical and NLO properties study of novel L-alanine tri-sodium citrate single crystal
Authors: Hareeshkumar M R , Shankaramurthy G J , Alhadhrami A , Jagadeesh M R , Prasanna B M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A single crystal of nonlinear optical (NLO) of L-Alanine Trisodium Citrate (LATSC), an optically transparent crystal with a dimension 38 × 27 × 7 mm3, was grown by way of solvent evaporation technique. Through the result of crystal diffraction, it is confirmed that LATSC fit into the noncentrosymetric orthorhombic space group crystal system. The W-H method was used to find the crystallographic distortion, crystalline size and strain using the powder diffraction results. The FTIR study proves the presence of necessary functional groups through their respective diverse modes of vibrations. The melting point of 265.9 °C was noticed from thermal studies. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of LATSC is half of the reference KDP. The optical absorption study and associated optical parameters of the crystal were calculated using UV visible spectroscopy. The extended transparency for the incident light and the direct band gap of 4.23 eV along with the optical susceptibility of 3.519 were perceived. The hardness test revealed the considerable mechanical strength, moderate stiffness constant and yield strength of the crystal.
Two-dimensional analytical solution of micropolar magneto-thermoelasticity FGM hollow cylinder under asymmetric load (r, θ)
Authors: Dehbani Hossein , Jabbari Mohsen , Khorshidvand Ahmad Reza , Javadi Mehrdad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a two-dimensional analytical solution (r, θ) to study micropolar magneto-thermoelasticity for a hollow cylinder, made of FGMs, under steady-state conditions. The physical properties of materials are in the form of a power function and undergo changes in the direction of the radius. To solve the heat transfer equation and Navier equations, the complex Fourier series and the power-law functions are used. By solving the equations using the general thermal and mechanical asymmetric boundary conditions on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder, radial displacement, circumferential displacement, force stresses, coupling stresses, and micro-rotation are obtained. Numerical examples of Aluminum-epoxy composite are presented for the three theories of classical, micropolar, and micropolar magneto thermoelasticity. Results indicated that the inner and outer surface of the cylinder subject to asymmetric harmonic temperature and mechanical distribution show that the values of the micropolar magnet theory are less than those of the classical theory and more than the values of the micropolar theory. Where harmonic radial stresses are applied to the inner surface of the cylinder, the values of the classical theories correspond to those of the micropolar theory. The presence of a magnetic field makes differences between the values of the micropolar magnet theory and the values of the two classical and micropolar theories. The study was validated by examining an example of homogenous materials under ambient conditions.
The Investigation of the Dynamical Evolution of Extrasolar Three-planetary System GJ 3138
Authors: Perminov Alexander , Kuznetsov Eduard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution and orbital stability of compact extrasolar three-planetary system GJ 3138. In this system, all semimajor axes are less than 0.7 au. The modeling of planetary motion is performed using the averaged semi-analytical motion theory of the second order in planetary masses, which the authors construct. Unknown and known with errors orbital elements vary in allowable limits to obtain a set of initial conditions. Each of these initial conditions is applied for the modeling of planetary motion. The assumption about the stability of observed planetary systems allows to eliminate the initial conditions leading to excessive growth of the orbital eccentricities and inclinations and to identify those under which these orbital elements conserve moderate values over the whole modeling interval. Thus, it becomes possible to limit the range of possible values of unknown orbital elements and determine their most probable values in terms of stability.
Experimental inference of neutral and impurity transport in Alcator C-Mod using high-resolution x-ray and ultra-violet spectra
Authors: Sciortino F. , Howard N.T. , Reksoatmodjo R. , Foster A.R. , Hughes J.W. , Marmar E.S. , Miller M.A. , Mordijck S. , Odstrčil T. , Pütterich T. , Reinke M.L. , Rice J.E. , Rodriguez-Fernandez P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present experimental inferences of cross-field impurity transport coefficients for AlcatorC-Mod plasmas without edge-localized modes, leveraging a novel forward model for the entire Ca K
α
spectrum, including satellite lines within the spectral range, to compare to high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectroscopy (XICS). These measurements are complemented by extreme ultra-violet (EUV) spectroscopy that constrains transport closer to the edge. Using new atomic data sets for both XICS and EUV analysis has enabled consideration of line ratios across both spectral ranges and has increased the accuracy of inferred transport coefficients. Inclusion of charge exchange between edge thermal neutrals and impurities is shown to be extremely important in C-Mod pedestals. Atomic D neutral densities from experimental D Ly
α
measurements at the midplane are compared to SOLPS-ITER simulations, finding good agreement. Bayesian inferences of impurity transport coefficients are presented for L-, EDA H-, and I-mode discharges, making use of the Aurora package for forward modeling and combining our spectroscopic constraints. Experimentally inferred diffusion profiles are found to match turbulent transport models at midradius within uncertainties, using both quasilinear gyro-fluid TGLF SAT-1 and nonlinear ion-scale gyrokinetic CGYRO simulations. Significant discrepancies in convection are observed in some cases, suggesting difficulties in predictions of flat or hollow impurity profiles.
Three-dimensional visualization of a beta-emitting nuclide by combining a directional Geiger-Mueller counter and structure from motion
Authors: Sato Y. , Minemoto K. , Nemoto M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
At the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) where an accident occurred due to a large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, understanding the distribution of radioactive substances is important to reduce the exposure dose to workers and establish decontamination plans. We focused on the importance of visualizing beta-emitting radiation sources in addition to gamma-emitting ones and proposed a method for three-dimensionally (3D) visualizing the location of beta-emitting radiation sources, which is important in discussing the effective dose for the crystalline lens of the eye. In this report, we have developed a technique to visualize the location of beta-emitting radiation sources in 3D by combining a directional Geiger-Mueller counter (G-M counter) with Structure from Motion (SfM). An image of 90Sr beta-ray source reconstructed using a beta-ray detector was projected onto a 3D model of the measurement area created using SfM, and the source location is identified in 3D. Additionally, we estimated the radioactivity of the visualized source. Then, by combining the beta-ray detector with a Compton camera, distinguishing between beta- and gamma-emitting radiation sources was possible. This study was based on the concept of integrated radiation imaging system (iRIS), which integrates multiple radiation detectors and environmental recognition devices.
Untangling adaptive capacity in tourism: a narrative and systematic review
Authors: Phan Loan Thi , Jou Sue-Ching , Lin Jiun-Chuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines peer-reviewed literature on adaptive capacity (AC) in tourism under the condition of climate change adaptation for the publication period of 1990–2019. We analyze and visualize existing research using a combined approach of narrative and systematic reviews and employing software such as NVIVO 12, Python 3.8, and Gephi 0.9.2. We first investigate policy transitions toward sustainable adaptation in tourism and then analyze the systematization of tourism reflected in the definitions of AC. Next, we conduct an in-depth analysis of evolutions in tourism adaptation by interpreting the occurrences and interactions of three main streams of AC: resource, social-psychological, socio-ecological. We conclude that diverse methodologies in tourism research on adaptation contribute to augmenting the quantitative measurement of social factors influencing AC. The findings provide insights into how to improve the adaptation process and advance germane theoretical debates, particularly on the role of human factors in human–nature relationships aimed at developing sustainability.
Identifying the need for locally-observed wet bulb globe temperature across outdoor athletic venues for current and future climates in a desert environment
Authors: Guyer Haven , Georgescu Matei , Hondula David M , Wardenaar Floris , Vanos Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Exertional heat illness and stroke are serious concerns across youth and college sports programs. While some teams and governing bodies have adopted the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), few practitioners use measurements on the field of play; rather, they often rely on regionally modeled or estimated WBGT. However, urban development-induced heat and projected climate change increase exposure to heat. We examined WBGT levels between various athletic surfaces and regional weather stations under current and projected climates and in hot-humid and hot-dry weather regimes in the southwest U.S. in Tempe, Arizona. On-site sun-exposed WBGT data across five days (07:00–19:00 local time) in June (dry) and August (humid) were collected over five athletic surfaces: rubber, artificial turf, clay, grass, and asphalt. Weather station data were used to estimate regional WBGT (via the Liljegren model) and compared to on-site, observed WBGT. Finally, projected changes to WBGT were modeled under mid-century and late-century conditions. On-field WBGT observations were, on average, significantly higher than WBGT estimated from regional weather stations by 2.4 °C–2.5 °C, with mean on-field WBGT across both months of 28.5 ± 2.76 °C (versus 25.8 ± 3.21 °C regionally). However, between-athletic surface WBGT differences were largely insignificant. Significantly higher mean WBGTs occurred in August (30.1 ± 2.35 °C) versus June (26.9 ± 2.19 °C) across all venues; August conditions reached ‘limit activity’ or ‘cancellation’ thresholds for 6–8 h and 2–4 h of the day, respectively, for all sports venues. Climate projections show increased WBGTs across measurement locations, dependent on projection and period, with average August WBGT under the highest representative concentration pathway causing all-day activity cancellations. Practitioners are encouraged to use WBGT devices within the vicinity of the fields of play, yet should not rely on regional weather station estimations without corrections used. Heat concerns are expected to increase in the future, underlining the need for athlete monitoring, local cooling design strategies, and heat adaptation for safety.
Culturally appropriate shifts in staple grain consumption can improve multiple sustainability outcomes
Authors: Wei Dongyang , Davis Kyle Frankel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Diets exercise great influence over both human and environmental health. While numerous efforts have sought to define and identify sustainable diets, there remains a poor understanding of the extent to which such shifts are feasible when taking into account local dietary preferences. Accounting for 40% of dietary calories and 46% of global cropland, cereals offer an important food group by which culturally appropriate dietary shifts may achieve large sustainability benefits. Here we combine country-specific information on dietary cereal supply with nutrient content values, CO2 nutrient penalties, and environmental footprints to quantify the outcomes of adopting two feasible dietary shifts—maximizing the share of C4 cereals (e.g. maize, millet, sorghum) based on historical shares and increasing the share of whole grains. Our results show that increasing the share of whole grains can increase nutrient supply (+7% protein, +37% iron, +42% zinc) and overcome the nutrient-depleting effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and that maximizing the share of C4 cereals can substantially reduce environmental burden (−12% greenhouse gas emissions, −11% blue water demand), particularly in Africa and the Middle East. We also find that a combination of the two strategies would likely produce strong co-benefits between increased nutrient supply and reduced environmental impacts with mixed outcomes for offsetting the effects of eCO2. Such simultaneous improvements are particularly important for food insecure regions such as West Africa and Southeast Asia. These findings demonstrate important opportunities to identify sustainable diets that incorporate local preferences and cultural acceptability. Such considerations are essential when developing demand-side solutions to achieve more sustainable food systems.
Earthquake risk assessment of the Opak and Merapi-Merbabu active faults to support mitigation program in Yogyakarta province and its vicinity
Authors: Murjaya J , Pramumijoyo S , Karnawati D , Daryono  , Meilano I , Supendi P , Ahadi S , Marliyani G I , Imananta  , Syukur F , Sianipar D S , Krisno A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on historical records, Yogyakarta has a high seismic risk related to the earthquake events along active faults, such as the Opak and Merapi-Merbabu Faults. These faults were responsible for several destructive earthquakes in Yogyakarta City and its vicinity and caused fatalities and building damage in the area, e.g., the 2006 (Mw 6.3) Yogyakarta earthquake and earlier in 1943 and 1867. A previous study shows that the Opak Fault has a geodetic slip-rate of 5 mm/y and a potential magnitude Mw 6.6. In addition, the active Merapi-Merbabu Fault has a geodetic slip-rate of 1 mm/y and a potential magnitude Mw 6.6. We used scaling law relations of earthquake parameters and magnitude scenarios to estimate the recurrence time of each fault based on a kinematic model. Our results estimate that the earthquake return period (Tr) for the Opak Fault (Mw 6.6) is ∼162 years, the maximum intensity is ∼VII-VIII MMI scale, the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is ∼36 % g, and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) is ∼ 30 cm/s for a 5 km hypocentral depth. In the meantime, the earthquake return period for the Merapi-Merbabu Fault (Mw 6.6) is estimated to be ∼810 years, the maximum intensity is ∼ VI-VII MMI, the PGA is ∼ 30-36 % g, and the PGV is ∼ 21-24 cm/s for a 5 km hypocentre depth. Both faults potentially produce destructive earthquakes (Mw > 6.0) in Yogyakarta City and its vicinity. Therefore, assessments of (paleo) earthquakes are needed of both the Opak Fault and the Merapi-Merbabu Fault to support the long-term earthquake hazard mitigation program.
Characteristic of 27th September – 7th October 2017 earthquake swarms in Jailolo Volcano, West Halmahera, Indonesia, based on hypocenter and b-value
Authors: Astuti A P , Arifuddin N S , Tahir M I , Elsera E M , Massinai M F I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Halmahera is an area with active tectonics, so it has a high level of seismicity. Swarm earthquakes occurred in Jailolo from November to December 2015, and then in 2017, another earthquake swarm occurred from September to October. This earthquake is characterized by an increase in the number of earthquakes in a certain period with a relatively small magnitude, without mainshocks, and occurs in volcanic areas. This research used arrival time from P and S waves recorded at Taide Digital Seismograph (TDS) which was positioned at Ternate Geophysical Station (TNTI). We used cross-section on hypocenter to see the depth distribution using GMT and determination of b-value using ZMAP code. From the results of this study, the variation in the magnitude of the earthquake swarm obtained ranged from 0.7 to 5.0 with a depth of 7.7-12 km. Our results show a b-value of aproximately 1.0 in the area near Jailolo Volcano, 1.0-1.5 in the northwest of Jailolo and 1.0-2.0 in the southeastern part of Jailolo. Based on b-value we obtained, the characteristics of the Jailolo swarm earthquake tend to be influenced by magmatic activity.
GIS-based study of tsunami risk in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Steinritz V , Pena-Castellnou S , Marliyani G I , Reicherter K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The island of Java is located above a plate boundary within the Indonesian archipelago as part of the volcanic arc resulting from the subduction of the Indo–Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate. Due to its emplacement, it is exposed to several geohazards, including active volcanoes and earthquakes, and its secondary effects (e.g., landslides, tsunamis). Tsunamis have repeatedly hit Java; for example, the 17th of July 2006 caused by an Mw 7.8 earthquake off the coast of western Java, or the 22nd of December 2018 triggered by the collapse of the flank of Anak Krakatau during its eruption. In most cases, tsunamis have a destructive coastal impact and can cause a significant loss of lives. Therefore, it is of high importance to determine areas situated in tsunami risk zones and estimate plans for risk reduction and prevention. We present an ArcGIS-based method to calculate tsunami risk zones for the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Central Java), including the calculation of hazard zones, vulnerability zones, and the estimation of highly exposed areas. The final risk map reflects the current risk zones in the occurrence of a tsunami and should be recalculated and re-evaluated if the environmental and socio-economic conditions change. The results can be used as a base for tsunami evacuation plans and site planning.
Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method in Indonesian Tropical Area
Authors: Hendrayana H , Widyastuti M , Riyanto I A , Nuha A , Widasmara M Y , Ismayuni N , Rachmi I N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method has been widely applied in the world, one of which is in Indonesia. However, almost all studies using the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method in Indonesia are not validated. Considering that the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance study makes it easier to study hydrology, especially in areas that do not yet have complete and evenly distributed hydrological and meteorological stations. The research locations are in the Wampu sub-watershed, Serayu sub-watershed, Ayung sub-watershed, and Tondano sub-watershed. The method used is the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance with input data on rainfall, temperature, land use, latitude, and soil texture. The validation test was performed using the RMSE equation from the runoff model compared to the observation runoff (river discharge data). The RMSE results of the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method in the Ayung sub-watershed (42.42%), Serayu sub-watershed (53.77) Wampu sub-watershed (65.58%) and Tondano sub-watershed (83.68%) were classified as weak correlation categories. The comparison results of the Thornthwaite method in tropical areas had greater rain, potential evapotranspiration, and runoff values than other climatic areas. Based on the result, we need to modify the Thornthwaite and Mather method for tropical areas and add a range of 25-30 years of climate data.
Stable isotopes changes in groundwater: a case study in Mudal and Clapar springs, West Progo
Authors: T Listyani R A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydroisotope studies were carried out on Mudal and Clapar springs located in the central part of the West Progo Dome. The research was conducted by taking samples of groundwater in each spring for three periods, representing the rainy (2016), dry (2017), and rainy (2018) seasons. Data on stable isotope content of18O and D were analyzed to see the hydroisotope characteristics of groundwater and their relationship to climate change. The results show that the stable isotope content of groundwater in both springs was relatively stable, with insignificant changes over time and season. Mudal springs tend to show light isotopes, indicating deep aquifer or high elevation recharge, less affected by the season. Clapar spring shows heavy isotopes, which may be sourced from a shallow aquifer with mixing/evaporation processes and are more influenced by the season. Meanwhile, the range value of δD in the two springs shows slightly - totally changes, indicating that the D content also changes due to seasons, although it is small. The δD enrichment shows the medium-large change in both spring springs, but uncertainty in Mudal. However, the D-excess value shows that the dry and rainy season conditions, which may be related to temperature or precipitation, are not much different.
Preliminary conceptual model of the Arjuno Welirang hydrogeological system, and comparison with the Bromo Tengger: An illustration of the hydrogeological systems diversity in volcanic areas
Authors: Baud B , Lachassagne P , Jourde H , De Montety V , Fadillah A , Dörfliger N , Hendrayana H , Rachmansyah A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While basaltic volcanic aquifers are well described in the literature, andesitic groundwater systems are less studied. Nevertheless, these aquifers supply a large population in all the subduction areas, where this volcanism mainly occurs. In Indonesia, the growing needs of the population induce an increase of the pressure on such aquifers. We present in this paper the case study of the Arjuno-Welirang, and compare it with a well-known hydrogeological system, the Bromo-Tengger. Based on geological, geomorphological, and water chemistry data, this study highlights the diversity of andesitic history inherent to this kind of volcanism, and its strong implications on the groundwater availability downstream. The aim of this paper is also to show that simple investigations can help building a preliminary conceptual model (PCM) of complex volcanic settings. Such PCM is needed to define further detailed hydrogeological investigations required to set-up aquifer exploitation, management and preservation rules.