bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of structured virtual patient visits (sVPVs) on COVID‐19 patients and relatives' anxiety levels in intensive care unit
Authors: Kebapcı Ayda , Türkmen Emine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesTo determine the effect of structured Virtual Patient Visits (sVPVs) on the anxiety, satisfaction, hospital anxiety and depression levels of intensive care unit (ICU) COVID‐19 patients and their relatives.BackgroundThere is no evidence regarding the direct effect of virtual patient visits in the ICU.DesignThe STROBE statement guided this study. This investigator‐initiated, prospective and single‐centre study included COVID‐19 patients and their relatives in an adult ICU between July and December 2020. We implemented daily sVPVs between all patients and their relatives. The study's primary outcome was the daily anxiety levels of patients and relatives immediately before and after sVPVs. The secondary outcomes were as follows: 1) hospital anxiety (HADS‐A) and depression (HADS‐D) levels during admission to and after discharge from the ICU and 2) satisfaction levels regarding the ICU and sVPVs of patients' relatives.ResultsA total number of 301 daily sVPVs were conducted between 50 patients and their relatives. There was a significant difference between daily anxiety levels before and after sVPVs in both patients (2.97 vs. 1.49) and their relatives (5.70 vs. 3.53; p > .05). Whereas the anxiety levels of patients with basic face or high flow nasal cannula and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation decreased statistically significantly more than those with IMV after a sVPV (p < .001), there was not a significant difference in decreased anxiety levels of patients' relatives according to the type of respiratory support provided to the patient (p > .05). HADS‐A levels of relatives decreased statistically significantly after discharge/death. There was no statistically significant difference in HADS‐A and HADS‐D levels after discharge/death between the relatives of patients who died or did not die (p > .05). Furthermore, the overall ICU satisfaction rates were statistically significantly lower in relatives of patients who died than those who did not die (p < .05).ConclusionRegardless of whether the patients were intubated, sVPVs reduced the anxiety levels of all patients and relatives. The sVPV programme offered emotional support to patients and family members, with high levels of satisfaction, as well as provided regular informative updates and the opportunity for daily visits or final goodbyes.Relevance for clinical practiceThe sVPV programme is essential for all ICUs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Instructional guides for filming infant movements at home are effective for the General Movements Assessment
Authors: Kwong Amanda K L , Eeles Abbey L , Olsen Joy E , Zannino Diana , Kariotis Timothy , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: December 2021

AimTo determine the effectiveness of two instructional guides to obtain video recordings for the General Movements Assessment (GMA).MethodsA cross‐sectional study of a community sample of family participants with low‐risk term newborn infants recruited via social media and randomly allocated to receive one of two instructional guides (detailed or quick versions) to film their infant's movements at home. Participants returned videos via a secure Research Electronic Database Capture link and videos were scored for quality across 10 criteria, along with scoring the GMA. Participants were surveyed about their perceptions of the instructional guides and electronic file transmission.ResultsSeventy‐six parents of infants were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive detailed (n = 38) and quick (n = 38) instructions to film their infant for a GMA. Videos were returned by 87% (95% confidence interval (CI) 72%, 96%) of detailed instruction users and 84% (95% CI 69%, 94%) of quick instruction users. The GMA could be conducted on all returned videos. The mean score for video quality was 9.9/10 (standard deviation 0.4, 95% CI 9.7, 10.0) for detailed instructions and 9.7 (standard deviation 0.6, 95% CI 9.4, 9.9) for quick instructions. Overall, participants felt that either instructional guide was easy to use. Fifteen (20%) participants had difficulties with video file transmission, requiring additional support.ConclusionsParents can successfully use one of two different instructional guides for filming their infant's movements for GMA; however, support should be provided for safe and easy file transmission.
Systemic abduction: Reconstructing towards concept clarity in management studies
Authors: Sadeghiani Ayoob , Ahmadi Sadra , Shokouhyar Sajjad , Hajipour Bahman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDefining clear concepts and constructs is a prerequisite for all forms of validity in management and organization studies. This paper extends the existing recommendations on construct clarity and builds a method on systems thinking and abduction to help scholars with providing clear definitions in cases of (1) the constructs and concepts that come to academia from practice (2) the constructs and concepts on which there is no agreement among scholars, and (3) the constructs that were coined in the past eras but are mapped to the transformed observables in the new era. Moreover, we rethink the terms ‘concept, ‘construct’, and ‘variable’ and introduce six clarity criteria to be used in the process of concept refinement in management and organization studies, and other disciplines of social and behavioural sciences.
Food texture experiences across age groups in 4‐ to 36‐month‐old children in the United States
Authors: Surette Victoria A. , Smith‐Simpson Sarah , Fries Lisa R. , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe question of what to feed becomes a new challenge as an infant reaches the transition to complementary foods. Limited information is available that provides a texture progression map for complementary food introduction. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between age and food texture experiences (FTE) in young children aged 4–36 months in the United States. A parent‐reported survey was fielded with 328 children categorized into five age groups (AGs): 4–8 months (AG1), 9–12 months (AG2), 13–18 months (AG3), 19–24 months (AG4), and 25–36 months (AG5). The present study analyzed four questions focused on FTE, with statistical analyses including probit and logit models, and analysis of variance. Results showed that all 16 food textures were tried at least once (>50%) by AG3. The question answered by participants, “How well does your child manage a specific texture,” showed that significant differences existed among AGs for the management of 10 food textures (including chewy, hard, soft), whereas teething alone had no effect. The most refused textures by the children were AG1—crispy (27%), AG2—leafy (23%), AG3—leafy (40%), AG4—tough meat (52%), and AG5—leafy (51%). With increasing AG, the refusal probability of nine food textures, including chewy, leafy, and rubbery, also increased (p < .05). The refusal probability of cold food temperatures decreased with increasing age (p < .05). This study observed FTE in children across AGs and provides useful information to parents and practitioners as they introduce food textures into children's diets.
Transposable elements mark a repeat‐rich region associated with migratory phenotypes of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus)
Authors: Caballero‐López Violeta , Lundberg Max , Sokolovskis Kristaps , Bensch Staffan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe genetic basis of bird migration has been the focus of several studies. Two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilusandPhylloscopus trochilus acredula) follow different migratory routes to wintering grounds in Africa. Their breeding populations overlap in contact areas or “migratory divides” located in central Scandinavia and in eastern Poland. Earlier analyses demonstrated that the genetic differences between these two migratory phenotypes are few and cluster on chromosomes 1 and 5. In addition, an amplified fragment length polymorphism‐derived biallelic marker (known as WW2) presents steep clines across both migratory divides but failed to be mapped in the genome. Here, we characterize the WW2 marker and describe its two variants (WW2 ancestral and WW2 derived) as portions of long terminal repeat retrotransposons originating from an ancient infection by an endogenous retrovirus. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques to quantify copy numbers of the WW2 derived variant in the two subspecies and their hybrids. This, together with genome analyses revealed that WW2 derived variants are much more abundant inP.t.acredulaand appear embedded in a large repeat‐rich region (>12 Mbp), not associated with the divergent regions of chromosomes 1 or 5. However, it might interact with genetic elements controlling migration direction. Testing this hypothesis further will require knowing the exact location of this region, such as by obtaining more complete genome assemblies preferably in combination with techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization applied to a willow warbler karyotype, and finally to investigate the copy number of this marker in hybrids with known migratory tracks.
Deep learning–based nondestructive evaluation of reinforcement bars using ground‐penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction data
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Liu Hai , Zhou Feng , Chen Zhongchang , Giannakis Iraklis , Slob Evert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a nondestructive evaluation method based on deep learning using combined ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) data for autonomic and accurate estimation of the cover thickness and diameter of reinforcement bars. A real‐time object detection algorithm—You Only Look Once–version 3 (YOLO v3)—is adopted to automatically identify the reinforcement bar reflected signals from radargrams, with which the range of the cover thickness is roughly predicted. Subsequently, EMI data, accompanied with the cover thickness range, are imported to a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), pretrained by calibrated EMI and GPR data, to simultaneously estimate the cover thickness and reinforcement bar diameter. Testing with the on‐site GPR data shows that YOLO v3 is superior to Single Shot Multibox Detector method in GPR hyperbolic signal identification. Testing of 1D CNN with the EMI and GPR data collected in an in‐house sand pit experiment shows that the estimation accuracy of the cover thickness and reinforcement bar diameter is, respectively, 96.8% and 90.3% with a permissible error of 1 mm. Further, an experiment with concrete specimens demonstrates that among the 22 estimated values (including the reinforcement bar diameter and cover thickness), there are 17 values accurately estimated, while the inaccurately estimated values have an error up to 2 mm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can autonomically evaluate the reinforcement bar diameter and cover thickness with a high accuracy.
Genetic variation in YIGE1 contributes to ear length and grain yield in maize
Authors: Luo Yun , Zhang Mingliang , Liu Yu , Liu Jie , Li Wenqiang , Chen Gengshen , Peng Yong , Jin Min , Wei Wenjie , Jian Liumei , Yan Jin , Fernie Alisdair R. , Yan Jianbing 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Ear length (EL), which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), is an important component of grain yield and as such is a key target trait in maize breeding. However, very few EL QTLs have been cloned, and their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.

Here, using a genome wide association study (GWAS), we identified a QTL, YIGE1, which encodes an unknown protein that regulates EL by affecting pistillate floret number. Overexpression of YIGE1 increased female inflorescence meristem (IM) size, increased EL and kernel number per row (KNPR), and thus enhanced grain yield. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and Mutator insertion mutant lines of YIGE1 displayed decreased IM size and EL.

A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the regulatory region of YIGE1 had a large effect on its promoter strength, which positively affected EL by increasing gene expression. Further analysis shows that YIGE1 may be involved in sugar and auxin signal pathways to regulate maize ear development, thus affecting IM activity and floret production in maize inflorescence morphogenesis.

These findings provide new insights into ear development and will ultimately facilitate maize molecular breeding.
Comparison of the effect of using panoramic and cone‐beam computed tomography on the accuracy of root position in indirect digital bracket placement: A retrospective study
Authors: Yilmaz Hakan , Eglenen Merve Nur 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the root position accuracy of the use of panoramic radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the indirect digital bracket placement.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty‐six maxillary and 300 mandibular teeth of 27 patients who have digital model, panoramic image and CBCT scan were included to the study. Indirect digital bonding was performed by using digital models and panoramic images in Group 1 and by superimposing the CBCT on the digital models with the OrthoAnalyzer™ 2020 (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) software in Group 2. Angular measurements were calculated with 3‐dimensional superimposition of the positions of the brackets placed with the Gom Inspect 2020 software. In the statistical analysis, One‐way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Paired t test were used.ResultsMaxillary canines had the highest angular deviation at 5.56°± 4.01° in comparison with the maxillary teeth (P < .001). Mandibular canines and second premolars had the highest angular deviation in the comparison between mandibular teeth (P < .001). Considering the groups of ranges by clinical limits of the deviations, these differences were significant in the angular dimensions with 3.57° ± 2.59° (P < .001). The amount of deviation of all teeth was found 3.57° ± 2.59°in the study.ConclusionsUsing panoramic images or CBCT in the digital bonding had clinical significantly effects on the angular deviation of bracket position. These findings may be taken into consideration when implementing bracket placement in indirect digital bonding. Despite the successful results, indirect digital bonding should not be the single reason to take the CBCT from the patients.
Maternal factors and risk of spontaneous preterm birth due to high ambient temperatures in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Jegasothy Edward , Randall Deborah A. , Ford Jane B. , Nippita Tanya A. , Morgan Geoffrey G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to high ambient temperatures has been shown to increase the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Determining which maternal factors increase or decrease this risk will inform climate adaptation strategies.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the risk of spontaneous preterm birth associated with exposure to ambient temperature and differences in this relationship between mothers with different health and demographic characteristics.MethodsWe used quasi‐Poisson distributed lag non‐linear models to estimate the effect of high temperature—measured as the 95th percentile of daily minimum, mean and maximum compared with the median—on risk of spontaneous preterm birth (23–36 weeks of gestation) in pregnant women in New South Wales, Australia. We estimated the cumulative lagged effects of daily temperature and analyses on population subgroups to assess increased or decreased vulnerability to this effect.ResultsPregnant women (n = 916,678) exposed at the 95th percentile of daily mean temperatures (25ºC) had an increased risk of preterm birth (relative risk 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.07, 1.21) compared with the median daily mean temperature (17℃). Similar effect sizes were seen for the 95th percentile of minimum and maximum daily temperatures compared with the median. This risk was slightly higher among women with diabetes, hypertension, chronic illness and women who smoked during pregnancy.ConclusionsHigher temperatures increase the risk of preterm birth and women with pre‐existing health conditions and who smoke during pregnancy are potentially more vulnerable to these effects.
Methylglyoxal induces stress signaling and promotes the germination of maize at low temperature
Authors: Majláth Imre , Éva Csaba , Hamow Kamirán Áron , Kun József , Pál Magda , Rahman Altafur , Palla Balázs , Nagy Zoltán , Gyenesei Attila , Szalai Gabriella , Janda Tibor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaize is sensitive to cold injury, especially during germination. Since cold causes oxidative stress, compounds that promote the accumulation of free radical forms, such as the reactive aldehyde (RA) methylglyoxal (MG), may be suitable to trigger a systemic defense response. In this study, maize seeds were soaked in MG solution for one night at room temperature, before germination test at 13°C. The exogenous MG enhanced the germination and photosynthetic performance of maize at low temperature. Transcriptome analysis, hormonal, and flavonoid profiling indicated MG‐induced changes in photosystem antenna proteins, pigments, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, abscisic acid (ABA) derivatives, chaperons, and certain dihydroflavonols, members of the phenylpropanoid pathway. MG‐response of the two maize cultivars (A654 and Cm174) were somewhat different, but we recorded higher endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lower nitric oxide (NO) level in at least one of the treated genotypes. These secondary signal molecules may provoke some of the changes in the hormonal, metabolic and gene expression profile. Decreased auxin transport, but increased ABA degradation and cytokinin and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis, as well as an altered carbohydrate metabolism and transport (amylases, invertases, and SWEET transporters) could have promoted germination of MG‐pretreated seeds. While LEA accumulation could have protected against osmotic stress and catalase expression and production of many antioxidants, like para‐hydroxybenzoic acid (p‐HBA) and anthocyanins may have balanced the oxidative environment for maize germination. Our results showed that MG‐pretreatment could be an effective way to promote cold germination and its effect was more pronounced in the originally cold‐sensitive maize genotype.
Rating expectations can slow aversive reversal learning
Authors: Atlas Lauren Y. , Sandman Christina F. , Phelps Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe process of learning allows organisms to develop predictions about outcomes in the environment, and learning is sensitive to both simple associations and higher order knowledge. However, it is unknown whether consciously attending to expectations shapes the learning process itself. Here, we directly tested whether rating expectations shapes arousal during classical conditioning. Participants performed an aversive learning paradigm wherein one image (CS+) was paired with shock on 50% of trials, while a second image (CS−) was never paired with shock. Halfway through the task, contingencies reversed. One group of participants rated the probability of upcoming shock on each trial, while the other group made no online ratings. We measured skin conductance response (SCR) evoked in response to the CS and used traditional analyses as well as quantitative models of reinforcement learning to test whether rating expectations influenced arousal and aversive reversal learning. Participants who provided online expectancy ratings displayed slower learning based on a hybrid model of adaptive learning and reduced reversal of SCR relative to those who did not rate expectations. Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of associative learning on SCR could be fully explained through its effects on subjective expectancy within the group who provided ratings. This suggests that the act of rating expectations reduces the speed of learning, likely through changes in attention, and that expectations directly influence arousal. Our findings indicate that higher order expectancy judgments can alter associative learning.
Reflective and decisive supervision: The role of participative leadership and team climate in joint decision‐making
Authors: Coffeng Tessa , van Steenbergen Elianne F. , de Vries Femke , Steffens Niklas K. , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSupervisory bodies can intervene in organizational practices that may harm society, but their effectiveness to do so depends on their ability to make decisions reflectively and decisively. Are these tendencies incompatible with each other or can they go together? Can empowering leadership (i.e. participative, coaching, informing behaviors) stimulate reflectiveness and decisiveness? A 10‐item Joint Decision‐Making Questionnaire was developed and tested among supervisory officers (N = 87) and supervisory board members (N = 158). Reflectiveness and decisiveness were positively correlated, indicating that these tendencies can be reconciled in joint decision‐making (Study 1). An examination of 44 supervisory teams further revealed that participative leadership relates to more reflectiveness and decisiveness, via cooperative trust and goal commitment (Study 2). Moreover, teams that experienced this team climate prior to COVID‐19 reported that they acted more reflectively and decisively during this crisis (Study 3). Hence, participative leaders can foster reflectiveness and decisiveness, by promoting cooperative trust and goal commitment.
Capacity for social contingency detection continues to develop across adolescence
Authors: Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Kasanova Zuzana , Achterhof Robin , Hagemann Noëmi , Hiekkaranta Anu P. , Lecei Aleksandra , Zapata‐Fonseca Leonardo , Lafit Ginette , Fossion Ruben , Froese Tom , Myin‐Germeys Inez 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe capacity for dynamically coordinating behaviour is assumed to have largely matured in infancy. In adolescence—another sensitive period for social development—the primary focus on individual social cognition as the main driver of interaction has prevented the study of actual social interaction as behavioural coordination within dyads. From a dynamic perspective, however, capturing real‐time social dynamics is essential for the assessment of social interactive processes. In order to improve the understanding of social development during adolescence, we investigated the potential developmental course of social contingency detection in dynamic interactions. Pairs of 205 Belgian adolescents (83 male, 122 female), aged 11–19, engaged in real‐time social interaction via the Perceptual Crossing Experiment (PCE). Comparing early, middle and late adolescents, we found a generally higher performance of late adolescents on behavioural and cognitive measures of social contingency detection, while the reported awareness of the implicitly established social interaction was lower in this group overall. Additionally, late adolescents demonstrated faster improvement of behavioural social coordination throughout the experiment, compared with the other groups. Our results indicate that social interactive processes continue to develop throughout adolescence, which manifests as faster social coordination at the behavioural level. This finding underscores dynamic social interaction within dyads as a new opportunity for identifying altered social development during adolescence.