bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of trace elements on soybean yield in grassland-swamp soils
Authors: Atabayeva Kh N , Umarova N S , Yakubov S , Sh Khayrullaev S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of experiments conducted in the conditions of meadow-swamp soils of Tashkent region. The study of the effect of various norms of trace elements sulphur, manganese and iron on the growth, development and yield of early maturing varieties of soybeans was studied. Positive results were obtained from moderate levels of sulphur and manganese, and low levels of iron. Macro and micronutrients had a positive effect on soy yield. An additional 7.6 quintals (q)/ha was harvested in exchange for macro fertilizer. Compared to the background variant, the yield was 4.6-8.3 q/ha for sulphur and 4.9-9.8 q/ha for manganese. The yield of the iron element was lower than that of the background variant. Grain quality has changed in exchange for macro and micronutrients. In exchange for mineral fertilizers, this figure increased by 2.4%. In exchange for the element sulphur, the protein increased by 3.1-5.8%; an increase of 4.4-8.4% was observed in exchange for the element manganese. It was noted that the protein increased by 7.9-8.7% in exchange for the element iron.
Study on the influence of stimulants on the rooting of the paulownia (paulownia) and tulip (liriodendron tulipifera) trees during the propagation by cuttings
Authors: Temirov J , Shukurova G , Klichov I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article describes the effect of a growth stimulant on the rooting of Paulownia and tulip tree saplings in the conditions of the Tashkent region. In addition, the article discusses the method of propagation of sapling from lignified and annual green cuttings, the influence of the preparation of the substrate 3: 3: 1 from sand, klinec (crushed stone), vermicompost on the development of saplings. In this case, the usual water (control), root SP, basfoliar Kel-SL and heteroauxin stimulants were used.
Investigation of the deformation and strength characteristics of the thread connection in the manufacture of products from fur waste
Authors: Ergasheva N , Shin I , Nigmatova F , Nazarova Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
By the method of mathematical planning of the experiment, regression equations were obtained for the breaking load and the breaking relative elongation of the thread connection of a special furrier’s seam in the manufacture of products from fur waste. As input factors were taken: the number of stitches in 1 cm., Thread thickness, needle diameter. The features of the behavior of the strength model of this thread connection are revealed.
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of an aqueous extract of plant polyphenols (helichrysum maracandicum)
Authors: Ahmedova S , Asrarov M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigated in vivo and in vitro the effects of helmar 2 polyphenol extracts isolated from the plant Helichrysum maracandicum in the conditions of toxic hepatitis poisoned by carbon dioxide (CCl4) in rats. The experiments were performed on healthy male rats and grouped hepatitis model animals with CCl4. In toxic hepatitis, helmar 2 polyphenol extracts at a dose of 20 mg/kg showed an inhibitory effect on hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Evidently, the inhibitory effect of polyphenol extracts on the peroxidation of hepatic mitochondrial lipids was very close to that of the hepatoprotective drug silymarin.
Changes in soil physical properties under the effect of irrigation
Authors: Kenjaev Yu , Tursunkulova A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The mechanical composition of soils in the middle reaches of the Zarafshan River (Jambay, Samarkand, Payarik, Ishtikhon, Kattakurgan and Narpay districts) and the processes of formation of soil layers under the influence of irrigation water of general physical properties were scientifically analyzed. In this case, the inflow of the Zarafshan River played an important role in the formation of light agroirrigation strata. An increase in nutrients and humus with an increase in the amount of physical sludge over a long period of time (35–40 years) is positively assessed for thickening of the soil layer, but leads to an increase in bulk mass of 0.15–0.3 g / cm3 and soil compaction.
The Interplay Between Strictness of Policies and Individuals’ Self-Regulatory Efforts: Associations with Handwashing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Luszczynska Aleksandra , Szczuka Zofia , Abraham Charles , Baban Adriana , Brooks Sydney , Cipolletta Sabrina , Danso Ebrima , Dombrowski Stephan U , Gan Yiqun , Gaspar Tania , de Matos Margarida Gaspar , Griva Konstadina , Jongenelis Michelle I , Keller Jan , Knoll Nina , Ma Jinjin , Miah Mohammad Adbdul Awal , Morgan Karen , Peraud William , Quintard Bruno , Shah Vishna , Schenkel Konstantin , Scholz Urte , Schwarzer Ralf , Siwa Maria , Taut Diana , Tomaino Silvia C M , Vilchinsky Noa , Wolf Hodaya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Patterns of protective health behaviors, such as handwashing and sanitizing during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be predicted by macro-level variables, such as regulations specified by public health policies. Health behavior patterns may also be predicted by micro-level variables, such as self-regulatory cognitions specified by health behavior models, including the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA).

Purpose
This study explored whether strictness of containment and health policies was related to handwashing adherence and whether such associations were mediated by HAPA-specified self-regulatory cognitions.

Methods
The study (NCT04367337) was conducted among 1,256 adults from Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Self-report data on cross-situational handwashing adherence were collected using an online survey at two time points, 4 weeks apart. Values of the index of strictness of containment and health policies, obtained from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database, were retrieved twice for each country (1 week prior to individual data collection).

Results
Across countries and time, levels of handwashing adherence and strictness of policies were high. Path analysis indicated that stricter containment and health policies were indirectly related to lower handwashing adherence via lower self-efficacy and self-monitoring. Less strict policies were indirectly related to higher handwashing adherence via higher self-efficacy and self-monitoring.

Conclusions
When policies are less strict, exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus might be higher, triggering more self-regulation and, consequently, more handwashing adherence. Very strict policies may need to be accompanied by enhanced information dissemination or psychosocial interventions to ensure appropriate levels of self-regulation.
Comparison of Five Common Analyzers in the Measurement of Chemistry Analytes in an Authentic Cohort of Body Fluid Specimens
Authors: Block Darci R , Cotten Steven W , Franke Deanna , Mbughuni Michael M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Interpretation of body fluid (BF) results is based on published studies and clinical guidelines. The aim of this study is to determine whether the assays from five common commercial vendors produce similar results in BFs for 12 analytes in a BF cohort.

Methods
BFs (n = 25) and serum (n = 5) were analyzed on five instruments (Roche cobas c501, Ortho 5600, Beckman AU5800 and DXI800, Siemens Vista 1500, and Abbott Architect c8000) to measure albumin, amylase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, total protein, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used for method comparison to Roche.

Results
Results were significantly different from Roche for LDH and lipase on Ortho and lipase on Siemens but similar for both BFs and serum. BF differences were larger than serum differences when measuring creatinine, glucose, and urea nitrogen on Ortho and glucose on Siemens.

Conclusions
Five instruments used to perform BF testing produce results that are not significantly different except for lipase and LDH measurements. Bias of similar magnitude observed in both BF and serum should not affect interpretation. Further investigations into Ortho and Siemens measuring glucose and Ortho measuring creatinine and urea nitrogen are warranted.
Bridging-BPs: a novel approach to predict potential drug–target interactions based on a bridging heterogeneous graph and BPs2vec
Authors: Li Guodong , Zhang Ping , Sun Weicheng , Ren Chengjuan , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Predicting drug–target interactions (DTIs) is a convenient strategy for drug discovery. Although various computational methods have been put forward in recent years, DTIs prediction is still a challenging task. In this paper, based on indirect prior information (we term them as mediators), we proposed a new model, called Bridging-BPs (bridging paths), for DTIs prediction. Specifically, we regarded linkage process between mediators and DTs (drugs and proteins) as ‘bridging’ and source (drug)-mediators-destination (protein) as bridging paths. By integrating various bridging paths, we constructed a bridging heterogeneous graph for DTIs. After that, an improved graph-embedding algorithm—BPs2vec—was designed to capture deep topological features underlying the bridging graph, thereby obtaining the low-dimensional node vector representations. Then, the vector representations were fed into a Random Forest classifier to train and score the probability, outputting the final classification results for potential DTIs. Under 5-fold cross validation, our method obtained AUPR of 88.97% and AUC of 88.63%, suggesting that Bridging-BPs could effectively mine the link relationships hidden in indirect prior information and it significantly improved the accuracy and robustness of DTIs prediction without direct prior information. Finally, we confirmed the practical prediction ability of Bridging-BPs by case studies.
The Restatement and the Law of Jurisdiction: A Commentary
Authors: Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Restatement of the Law (Fourth): The Foreign Relations Law of the United States is a monumental work, which, just like the Restatement (Third), may prove influential abroad. This also applies to its restatement of the law of jurisdiction. The clarity of the relevant chapters on jurisdiction, including the reporters’ notes, is admirable. Comparing the Restatement (Third) to the Restatement (Fourth), it is striking that the latter places greater emphasis on US law-based jurisdictional limitations. The relevance of the customary international law of jurisdiction has correspondingly diminished, especially in regard to jurisdiction to prescribe and adjudicate. This commentary critiques this shift towards jurisdictional ‘parochialism’. It singles out (i) the drafters’ characterization of the principle of jurisdictional reasonableness as a principle of US statutory interpretation (prescriptive comity) rather than a customary international law norm limiting prescriptive jurisdiction and (ii) the drafters’ view that the exercise of adjudicative jurisdiction is not constrained by customary international law.
Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the SMN2 promoter region enhance SMN2 expression in spinal muscular atrophy cell lines and mouse model
Authors: Wang Jia , Bai Jinli , OuYang Shijia , Wang Hong , Jin Yuwei , Peng Xiaoyin , Ge Xiushan , Jiao Hui , Zou Jizhen , He Cai , Xiao Ping , Song Fang , Qu Yujin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by homozygous deletions or mutations in survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1). Currently, the primary therapeutic strategy for SMA is to increase the level of SMN via correcting SMN2 splicing (nusinersen and risdiplam). However, some patients with SMA do not respond to such treatments, thereby warranting a need to develop new therapeutic strategies. We have previously reported that SMN2 expression is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation levels of the SMN2 promoter region. In the present study, we determined that methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) may bind to this critical promoter region (nt-167 to 43). Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO-P1 and ASO-P2) were designed to target the key methylation sites in the SMN2 promoter region, which enhanced the overall transcription and functional protein expression levels in the SMA cell lines. These results were similar to those observed in nusinersen-treated SMA cells. Moreover, a combined treatment of ASO-P1 and ASO-NUS in SMA cell lines further increases fl-SMN2 transcript and SMN protein levels. The delivery of ASO-P1 to the central nervous system of severe SMA mice corrected the molecular, pathological, and functional phenotypes of this disease and increased survival rates. Our findings suggest that the key methylation regions in the SMN2 promoter region may be a novel therapeutic target for SMA.
Effects of laboratory holding time and diet type on labile traits in the crabCancer irroratusSay, 1817 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae)
Authors: Matveev Evgeni , McGaw Iain J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCollecting animals from the field and bringing them into the laboratory elicits acute and chronic stress responses that may affect the interpretation of experimental outcomes. The effects of prolonged laboratory holding (three months) on labile traits (metabolic rate and spontaneous activity) were quantified for the Atlantic rock crab Cancer irroratusSay, 1817. The effects of diet (heterogenous versus homogenous) on crab condition (hemolymph protein density, crab mass, and chelal compression strength) were also assessed. When offered a heterogeneous diet C. irroratus displayed a clear preference for mussels and an aversion to herring and algae. The amount crabs ate in the laboratory was negatively correlated to the density of hemolymph protein at the time of collection, which affirms the strong link between nutritional status and hemolymph protein in crustaceans. It also suggests that crabs in good nutritional condition may forgo eating even a high-quality meal if they are stressed. Overall, providing a heterogenous diet did not significantly improve survival rates or affect labile-trait responses in crabs. In contrast, prolonged holding in the laboratory had considerable effects on labile traits: resting metabolic rate (RMR) was highest after one week, but declined over the holding period. There was also a reduction in variation of locomotor activity for approximately 4 weeks. Acute stress responses (increased RMR and activity) also occurred after transfer from holding tanks to experimental chambers, likely due to animal handling. Given the increasing attention paid to animal sentience and welfare, especially for decapod crustaceans, the amount of time that wild crustaceans are held in the laboratory should be considered carefully.
Polyphenism in Antennal Sensilla Among Different Adult Morphs of Nonhost-Alternating, Holocyclic Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wu Yuting , Wu Mengchu , Hui Zi , Hu Xiangshun , Xu Xiangli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aphids, mainly distributed in temperate zones, exhibit seasonal generation-alternating phenomena. Across the life cycle, different morphs are produced. Sitobion avenae (Fabricius 1775) is a major pest of wheat worldwide. To elucidate olfactory perception of morph-specific behavior across their life cycle, we investigated antennal sensilla among seven morphs using scanning electron microscopy. Trichoid, placoid, coeloconic, and campaniform sensilla were identified. Trichoid sensilla, big multiporous placoid sensilla (primary rhinarium), a group of sensilla (primary rhinaria), and campaniform sensilla showed similar distribution and resemblance among morphs, whereas small multiporous placoid sensilla (secondary rhinaria) exhibited obvious differences. Compared to apterous morphs, alate morphs possessed a greater abundance of secondary rhinaria, with the greatest found in males on antennal segments III–V. Alate virginoparae and alate sexuparae ranged from six to fourteen rhinaria on antennal segment III. Fundatrices, apterous virginoparae and apterous sexuparae only had one or two secondary rhinaria on antennal segment III while they disappeared in oviparae. Secondary rhinaria, lying in a cuticle cavity, are convex or concave in their central part. In males, both forms were present, with a greater proportion of convex form than that of the concave form. Fundatrices and virginoparae had the convex form while sexuparae had the concave form. Polyphenism of secondary rhinaria might suggest their association with the olfactory functions of morph-specific behavior. These results have improved our understanding of the adaptive evolution of the antennal sensilla in nonhost-alternating, holocyclic aphids.
IL2 Neural stem cell regulation and brain development
Authors: Gotoh Yukiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse brain are the source of neurogenesis that regulates innate and adaptive behaviors. Adult NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are derived from a subpopulation of embryonic neural stem-progenitor cells (NPCs) that is characterized by a slower cell cycle relative to the more abundant rapid cycling NPCs that build the brain. We have previously shown that slow cell cycle can cause the establishment of adult NSCs at the SVZ, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We found that Notch and an effector Hey1 form a module that is upregulated by cell cycle arrest in slowly dividing NPCs. In contrast to the oscillatory expression of the Notch effectors Hes1 and Hes5 in fast cycling progenitors, Hey1 displays a non-oscillatory stationary expression pattern and contributes to the long-term maintenance of NSCs. These findings reveal a novel division of labor in Notch effectors where cell cycle rate biases effector selection and cell fate. I will also discuss the heterogeneity of slowly dividing embryonic NPCs and the lineage relationship between adult NSCs and ependymal cells, which together form the niche for adult neurogenesis at the SVZ.
CBMS-5 One-carbon metabolism protect glioma cells under glutamine starvation through upregulation of MTHFD2
Authors: Tanaka Kazuhiro , Nagashima Hiroaki , Uno Takiko , Fujita Yuichi , Iwahashi Hirofumi , Sasayama Takashi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cancer cells optimize nutrient utilization to supply energetic and biosynthetic pathways. However, less is known about how cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to sustain cell growth and survival from nutrient starvation. Here, we find that serine and glycine levels were higher in low-nutrient regions of tumors in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients than they were in other regions. Metabolic and functional studies demonstrated that serine availability and one-carbon metabolism support glioma cell survival following glutamine deprivation. Serine synthesis was mediated through autophagy rather than glycolysis. Gene expression analysis identified upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) to regulate one-carbon metabolism. In clinical samples, MTHFD2 expression was highest in the nutrient-poor areas around pseudopalisading necrosis. Genetic suppression of MTHFD2 and autophagy inhibition caused tumor cell death and growth inhibition of glioma cells upon glutamine deprivation. These results suggest new therapeutic targets for glioma cells adapting to a low-nutrient microenvironment.
GEN-7 Liquid biopsy in brain tumor patients -The present and future-
Authors: Natsumeda Manabu , On Jyotaro , Watanabe Jun , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Okada Masayasu , Oishi Makoto , Fujii Yukihiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have previously published liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of brain tumors including PCNSL (JCO Precision Oncology, 2019; Leukemia and Lymphoma, 2019) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) (Diagnostics, 2021). We used the Maxwell RSC cfDNA extraction kit to extract circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA from) 1 milliliter of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and droplet digital PCR to detect MYD88 L265P mutations in PCNSL and H3F3A K27M mutations in DMG. From our initial experience, we were able to detect a high rate of MYD88 mutations in PCNSL, but not H3F3A mutations in DMG. We also observed that higher concentrations of ctDNA were obtained when prompt centrifugation and storage were done after obtaining CSF. Application of liquid biopsy to early detection of relapse and monitoring of treatment relapse are highly anticipated. In cases of PCNSL, we perform liquid biopsy when relapse is suspected on post-contrast MRI. However interestingly, the rate of MYD88 mutations detected is lower than that of newly-diagnosed cases. We would also like to share our experience performing liquid biopsy in conjunction with CSF cytology in brain tumor patients with evidence of leptomeningeal disease. From our initial experience, we would like to discuss the present limitations and future prospects of liquid biopsy in brain tumor patients.
GEN-8 Real-time PCR based intraoperative genetic analysis for gliomas
Authors: Takabayashi Katsuhiro , Tateishi Kensuke , Hayashi Takahiro , Sasame Jo , Isoda Masataka , Miyake Youhei , Oshima Akito , Honma Hirokuni , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An individual therapeutic strategy based on the genetic characterization is important in gliomas. However, it has been difficult to obtain genetic features during surgery. In this study, we present an overview of intraoperative genetic analysis using modified real-time PCR method. The tumor specimen was crushed with liquid nitrogen, then extract DNA within 60 minutes. Reagents of real-time PCR for detecting IDH, TERT, and BRAF hot spot mutations were stocked and real-time PCR was performed after mixing the extracted DNA. We used PNA and LNA to detect single nucleotide variant (SNV). The average time from tumor extraction to intraoperative tentative judgement was approximately 100 minutes. Using this system. we preliminary performed intraoperative genomic analysis in10 glioma patients. We confirmed that 8 of 10 cases (80%) of intraoperative genomic diagnosis were consistent with post-operative diagnosis by Sanger sequencing. However, we experienced 2 (20%) unmatched cases due to low allele of SNV, which indicates that more advanced system is required for clinical application.