bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 in Australia: implications for screening and treatment
Authors: Tio Shio Yen , Williams Eloise , Worth Leon J. , Deane Adam M. , Bond Katherine , Slavin Monica A. , Sasadeusz Joe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report four cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillus co‐infection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus were isolated, with early infection onset following ICU admission. Clinicians should be aware of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients with COVID‐19 infection, particularly those receiving dexamethasone. We propose screening of these high‐risk patients with twice‐weekly fungal culture from tracheal aspirate and, if feasible, Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction. Diagnosis is challenging and antifungal treatment should be considered in critically ill patients who have new or worsening pulmonary changes on chest imaging and mycological evidence of infection.
Interdisciplinary management of recession defects on maxillary single tooth implants: Diagnosis and treatment strategies
Authors: Tarnow Dennis P. , Chu Stephanie M. , Chu Stephen J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveOne of the most common complications with dental implants placed in the smile zone is the development of mid‐facial recession, creating an undesirable esthetic result. When deciding how to remediate these clinical scenarios, the question becomes whether it may be feasible to save the problematic implant or if it is more predictable to remove the implant and start all over again. However, patients may be invested emotionally, physically, and financially in the implant and remediation may be a viable option depending on the diagnosis of the specific issues at hand and multi‐disciplinary clinical execution.Clinical SignificanceWhat is crucial to understand in order to remediate these cases is answering four separate criteria: (1) is the implant in a restorable position, (2) is the implant healthy, (3) is the implant placed at an adequate depth, and (4) are components available to restore the implant.ConclusionsTwo different clinical reports are presented that demonstrate various treatment remedies when saving implants in the esthetic zone.
Fatty acids intake and outcomes of assisted reproduction in women referring to an Italian Fertility Service: cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study
Authors: De Cosmi Valentina , Cipriani Sonia , Parazzini Fabio , Ricci Elena , Esposito Giovanna , Noli Stefania , Somigliana Edgardo , Agostoni Carlo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfertility affects 15% of couples in Italy and approximately 10%–12% of couples worldwide. Focusing on female fertility, there are multiple causes, among which diet has a great influence.MethodsWe investigated whether the consumption of certain fatty acids affects four outcomes of the assisted reproduction techniques. From September 2014 to December 2016, women referring to our Italian fertility unit, eligible for assisted reproduction techniques, were invited to participate. Information on diet was recorded through a validated food frequency questionnaire.ResultsFour hundred and ninety‐four women were included, of whom 95% achieved good quality oocytes, 87% achieved embryo transfer, 32.0% achieved clinical pregnancies and 24.5% achieved pregnancy at term. The fourth quartile of saturated fatty acids consumption, compared to the first one, showed an association with clinical pregnancy (adjusted relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.45–1.00, p = 0.0491). Some associations emerge accounting for confounders. Age was associated with clinical pregnancy and pregnancy at term in the models considering all fatty intakes and food groups variables but was not associated with oocytes quality and embryo transfer. Physical activity was associated with clinical pregnancy.ConclusionsThere is biological plausibility for the effect of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on oocyte development via synthesis of eicosanoids, even if only limited associations are shown in the present study. Future research should aim to measure the serum levels of fatty acids and investigate the outcomes of assisted reproduction techniques.
Co‐occurring medical and behavioural conditions in children with Down syndrome with or without ADHD symptom presentation
Authors: Esbensen A. J. , Vincent L. B. , Epstein J. N. , Kamimura‐Nishimura K. , Wiley S. , Angkustsiri K. , Abbeduto L. , Fidler D. , Anixt J. S. , Froehlich T. E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCo‐occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge to characterise in the presence of other medical conditions commonly present in children with Down syndrome (DS). The current study examined differences among children with DS with or without ADHD symptomatology in terms of demographics, developmental level, co‐occurring medical conditions, and parent and teacher ratings of behaviour and executive functioning.MethodsParents and teachers of 108 school‐age children with DS provided ratings of ADHD symptoms, behaviour problems and executive functioning skills. Children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation, as identified by a scoring algorithm, were compared with those without ADHD symptom presentation on demographic characteristics, developmental level, co‐occurring medical conditions and parent‐report and teacher‐report measures of behaviours and executive functioning.ResultsSleep disorders, disruptive behaviour disorder, allergies and seizures were more common in children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation than in children without ADHD symptom presentation. After controlling for ADHD medication use, children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation had poorer performance than those without ADHD symptom presentation on parent behaviour ratings, teacher behaviour ratings and parent but not teacher ratings of executive functioning. No significant group differences in demographic characteristics or developmental level were identified.ConclusionsHigher rates of co‐occurring medical conditions present in children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation support the need for thorough differential diagnoses. The different pattern of group differences between parent‐report and teacher‐report has implications for diagnostic practices across settings as well as for treatment.
Review of human genetic and clinical studies directly relevant to GnRH signalling
Authors: Seminara Stephanie B. , Topaloglu A. Kemal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGnRH is the pivotal hormone in controlling the hypothalamic‐pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in humans and other mammalian species. GnRH function is influenced by a multitude of known and still unknown environmental and genetic factors. Molecular genetic studies on human families with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism over the past two decades have been instrumental in delineating the kisspeptin and neurokinin B signalling, which integrally modulates GnRH release from the hypothalamus. The identification of kisspeptin and neurokinin B ligand‐receptor gene pair mutations in patients with absent puberty have paved the way to a greater understanding of the central regulation of the HPG cascade. In this article, we aim to review the literature on the genetic and clinical aspects of GnRH and its receptor, as well as the two ligand‐receptor sets directly pertinent to the function of GnRH hormone signalling, kisspeptin/ kisspeptin receptor and NKB/NK3R.
Mechanical Properties and Bond Strength of Additively Manufactured and Milled Dental Zirconia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Baysal Nurten , Tuğba Kalyoncuoğlu Ülkü , Ayyıldız Simel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the mechanical properties and ceramic bond of additively manufactured and milled dental zirconia materials.Materials and MethodsDisc (r = 10 mm, h = 2 mm) and bar (254 × 1. 2 mm) shaped milled (M group) (Nacera Pearl; Doceram) and additively manufactured (AM group) (NanoParticle Jetting; XJet, Carmel 1400) zirconia specimens were prepared for 2 experimental groups. Ceramic was applied to the disc specimens (h = 4 mm, r = 6 mm) (n = 9) and their shear bond strength (SBS) was measured. The surface morphology of disc specimens was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Vickers microhardness (Vh), surface roughness (Ra), and three‐point flexural strength (FS) of bar specimens (n = 9) were measured. Results were statistically analyzed with Mann‐Whitney U‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences were found in FS and Vh values of the M and AM groups. M group (1501.4 ± 60.1 HV1) showed a significantly higher Vh value than the AM group (1169.2 ± 48.4 HV1) (p < 0.001). FS of the M group (1287.5 ± 115.2 MPa) exhibited significantly high value than the AM (1030.0 ± 29.2 Mpa) group (p < 0.001). Statistically, no significant differences were seen in SBS and Ra values of the M and AM groups.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, the manufacturing technique affected the mechanical properties of the zirconia materials. AM zirconia material showed lower Vh and FS values than M zirconia. Additionally AM zirconia demonstrated adequate bond strength with dental ceramic.
Recovery of children following hospitalisation for complicated severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Bwakura‐Dangarembizi Mutsa , Dumbura Cherlynn , Amadi Beatrice , Chasekwa Bernard , Ngosa Deophine , Majo Florence D. , Sturgeon Jonathan P. , Chandwe Kanta , Kapoma Chanda , Bourke Claire D. , Robertson Ruairi C. , Nathoo Kusum J. , Ntozini Robert , Norris Shane A. , Kelly Paul , Prendergast Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNutritional recovery and hospital readmission following inpatient management of complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are poorly characterised. We aimed to ascertain patterns and factors associated with hospital readmission, nutritional recovery and morbidity, in children discharged from hospital following management of complicated SAM in Zambia and Zimbabwe over 52‐weeks posthospitalization. Multivariable Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazard models, with death and loss to follow‐up as competing risks, were used to identify factors associated with hospital readmission; negative binomial regression to assess time to hospitalisation and ordinal logistic regression to model factors associated with nutritional recovery. A total of 649 children (53% male, median age 18.2 months) were discharged to continue community nutritional rehabilitation. All‐cause hospital readmission was 15.4% (95% CI 12.7, 18.6) over 52 weeks. Independent risk factors for time to readmission were cerebral palsy (adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR): 2.96, 95% CI 1.56, 5.61) and nonoedematous SAM (aSHR: 1.64, 95%CI 1.03, 2.64). Unit increases in height‐for‐age Z‐score (HAZ) (aSHR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.71, 0.95) and enrolment in Zambia (aSHR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.28, 0.97) were associated with reduced subhazard of time to readmission. Young age, SAM at discharge, nonoedematous SAM and cerebral palsy were associated with poor nutritional recovery throughout follow‐up. Collectively, nonoedematous SAM, ongoing SAM at discharge, cerebral palsy and low HAZ are independent risk factors for readmission and poor nutritional recovery following complicated SAM. Children with these high‐risk features should be prioritised for additional convalescent care to improve long‐term outcomes.
Fertility decline and a pay‐as‐you‐go pension system in a two‐sector model
Authors: Hamada Kojun , Kaneko Akihiko , Yanagihara Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate how fertility decline affects the benefit of a pay‐as‐you‐go pension using a two‐sector overlapping generations model. We show that whether fertility decline reduces pension benefits is determined by the capital intensity ranking between the two sectors. When the consumption‐goods sector is capital‐intensive, fertility decline decreases pension benefits. Contrastingly, when the investment‐goods sector is capital‐intensive, the size of the price elasticity determines whether fertility decline reduces pension benefits. When elasticity is sensitive, fertility declines increase pension benefits. We also present numerical simulations. Our results suggest that, although it remains theoretically possible that fertility decline increases pension benefits, such a paradoxical result is unlikely to occur .
Escherichia coli induces DNA repair enzymes to protect itself from low‐grade hydrogen peroxide stress
Authors: Gupta Anshika , Imlay James A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Escherichia coli responds to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by inducing defenses that protect H2O2‐sensitive enzymes. DNA is believed to be another important target of oxidation, and E. coli contains enzymes that can repair oxidative lesions in vitro. However, those enzymes are not known to be induced by H2O2, and experiments have indicated that they are not necessary for the cell to withstand natural (low‐micromolar) concentrations. In this study, we used H2O2‐scavenging mutants to impose controlled doses of H2O2 for extended time. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in the presence of 1 µM cytoplasmic H2O2, the OxyR transcription factor‐induced xthA, encoding exonuclease III. The xthA mutants survived a conventional 15‐min exposure to even 100 times this level of H2O2. However, when these mutants were exposed to 1 µM H2O2 for hours, they accumulated DNA lesions, failed to propagate, and eventually died. Although endonuclease III (nth) was not induced, nth mutants struggled to grow. Low‐grade H2O2 stress also activated the SOS regulon, and when this induction was blocked, cell replication stopped. Collectively, these data indicate that physiological levels of H2O2 are a real threat to DNA, and the engagement of the base‐excision‐repair and SOS systems is necessary to enable propagation during protracted stress.
Smartphone use during breastfeeding and its impact on mother–infant interaction and maternal responsiveness: Within‐subject design
Authors: Inoue Chiaki , Hashimoto Yuri , Nakatani Yoko , Ohira Mitsuko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the association between maternal smartphone use during breastfeeding and the quality of mother–infant interactions and maternal visual responsiveness to the infant's bids for attention. We observed 13 mother–infant dyads and video‐recorded breastfeeding under the experimental (smartphone use) and control (no smartphone use) conditions on separate days. To evaluate the quality of mother–infant interactions between the two conditions, we used the Japanese revised version of the Assessment of Mother–Infant Sensitivity (AMIS) scale. The mothers' visual responses to their infants' bids for attention were categorized into two groups. In this study, although smartphone use clearly increased distracted feeding times, we found no significant associations between maternal smartphone use and the quality of mother–infant interactions or bonding during breastfeeding. However, smartphone use during breastfeeding was found to interfere with the mother's ability to respond visually to the infant's bid for her attention. The results of this study can be applied while developing resources regarding smartphone use for nursing mothers.
Nuclear genome of a pedinophyte pinpoints genomic innovation and streamlining in the green algae
Authors: Repetti Sonja I. , Iha Cintia , Uthanumallian Kavitha , Jackson Christopher J. , Chen Yibi , Chan Cheong Xin , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: December 2021

Summary

The genomic diversity underpinning high ecological and species diversity in the green algae (Chlorophyta) remains little known. Here, we aimed to track genome evolution in the Chlorophyta, focusing on loss and gain of homologous genes, and lineage‐specific innovations of the core Chlorophyta.

We generated a high‐quality nuclear genome for pedinophyte YPF701, a sister lineage to others in the core Chlorophyta and incorporated this genome in a comparative analysis with 25 other genomes from diverse Viridiplantae taxa.

The nuclear genome of pedinophyte YPF701 has an intermediate size and gene number between those of most prasinophytes and the remainder of the core Chlorophyta. Our results suggest positive selection for genome streamlining in the Pedinophyceae, independent from genome minimisation observed among prasinophyte lineages. Genome expansion was predicted along the branch leading to the UTC clade (classes Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae) after divergence from their last common ancestor with pedinophytes, with genomic novelty implicated in a range of basic biological functions.

Results emphasise multiple independent signals of genome minimisation within the Chlorophyta, as well as the genomic novelty arising before diversification in the UTC clade, which may underpin the success of this species‐rich clade in a diversity of habitats.
Blue‐light receptor phototropin 1 suppresses immunity to promote Phytophthora infestans infection
Authors: Naqvi Shaista , He Qin , Trusch Franziska , Qiu Huishan , Pham Jasmine , Sun Qingguo , Christie John M. , Gilroy Eleanor M. , Birch Paul R. J. 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Blue‐light (BL) phototropin receptors (phot1 and phot2) regulate plant growth by activating NPH3/RPT2‐like (NRL) family members. Little is known about roles for BL and phots in regulating plant immunity. We showed previously that Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 targets potato (St)NRL1, promoting its ability to enhance susceptibility by facilitating proteasome‐mediated degradation of the immune regulator StSWAP70. This raises the question: do BL and phots negatively regulate immunity?

We employed coimmunoprecipitation, virus‐induced gene silencing, transient overexpression and targeted mutation to investigate contributions of phots to regulating immunity.

Whereas transient overexpression of Stphot1 and Stphot2 enhances P. infestans colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana, silencing endogenous Nbphot1 or Nbphot2 reduces infection. Stphot1, but not Stphot2, suppressed the INF1‐triggered cell death (ICD) immune response in a BL‐ and NRL1‐dependent manner. Stphot1, when coexpressed with StNRL1, promotes degradation of StSWAP70, whereas Stphot2 does not. Kinase‐dead Stphot1 fails to suppress ICD, enhance P. infestans colonization or promote StSWAP70 degradation. Critically, BL enhances P. infestans infection, which probably involves phots but not other BL receptors such as cryptochromes and F‐box proteins ZTL1 and FKF1.

We demonstrate that Stphot1 and Stphot2 play different roles in promoting susceptibility, and Stphot1 kinase activity is required for BL‐ and StNRL1‐mediated immune suppression.
Genetic models and approaches to study orofacial clefts
Authors: Leslie Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are common craniofacial birth defects with heterogeneous phenotype and etiology. Geneticists have applied nearly every available method and technology for further understanding of the genetic architectures of OFCs.ObjectiveThis review describes the evidence for a genetic etiology in OFCs, statistical genetic approaches employed to identify genetic causes, and how the results have shaped our current understanding of the genetic architectures of syndromic and nonsyndromic OFCs.ConclusionThere has been rapid progress toward elucidating the genetic architectures of OFCs due to the availability of large collections of DNA samples from cases, controls, and families with OFCs and the consistent adoption of new methodologies and novel statistical approaches as they are developed. Genetic studies have identified rare and common variants influencing risk of OFCs in both Mendelian and complex forms of OFCs, blurring the distinction traditional categories used in genetic studies and clinical medicine.
Possessed by property: Inheritance in Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa (1747–1748)
Authors: Cortese Beth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe inheritance conflict in Samuel Richardson´s novel Clarissa (1747–1748) has been read as staging the clash between two different class ideologies and as an expression of the dead’s posthumous agency exerted on the living. I argue that the novel’s two wills ultimately serve to make a broader point about inheritance. I contend that Richardson´s complex treatment of the effects of each will on each member of the Harlowe family underscores the problematic nature of inheritance as a gift. I compare the novel’s two wills in light of Marcel Mauss’s work on gift‐exchange to discuss how Richardson engages with inheritance as a gift that confirms or reorganises familial hierarchies and imposes an obligation on the heir. Reading the novel in terms of the way in which inheritance places the heir in the position of caretaker that they cannot be released from until their death, offers a different reading of Clarissa’s reluctance to refer to herself as the possessor of the estate in the novel. My reading of the novel moves beyond the novel’s inheritance dispute to provide insight into the circular and problematic nature of inheritance as gift. While attention has been paid to the power that the testator or donor possesses in bequeathing their inheritance, less attention has been paid to what it means to receive such a gift.
Surgical treatment of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth in a cleidocranial dysplasia patient
Authors: Wu Ye , Shaohai He 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo report a case of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) with 15 supernumerary teeth and review the relevant literature. Diagnose and treat a CCD patient with 15 impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and mandible. When CCD is accompanied by supernumerary teeth ambushed in the jaw and does not affect the health of the body, it can be regarded as a part of normal bone tissue. If X‐ray or computed tomography examination shows that supernumerary teeth affect permanent tooth eruption, the replacement process of adjacent teeth and permanent tooth eruption should be closely observed, and supernumerary teeth should be extracted in time if necessary.
Pediatric lower respiratory tract infection: Considerations for the anesthesiologist
Authors: Rai Ekta , Alaraimi Rashid , AL Aamri Is'haq 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeonatal and childhood infectious diseases continue to be a global health problem. Acute respiratory tract infections are typically classified as upper respiratory tract infection and lower respiratory tract infections. The most common lower respiratory infections in childhood are pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Vaccination against measles, diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, and influenza resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory tract infection globally. Though the global burden of the disease has decreased, the mortality rates still are higher in developing countries. Patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections and their complications are often evaluated for elective or emergency procedures. In this review article, the authors aim to discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, preoperative evaluation of lower respiratory tract infections, and the anesthesia implications pertinent to the practice of anesthesia.