bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of Iranian children and adolescents’ physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alizadeh Adel , Negarandeh Reza , Bagheri Amiri Fahimehe , Yazdani Zahra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This systematic and meta-analysis review was conducted to determine the status of Iranian children and adolescents’ physical activity.

Content
All the related articles which were published in the major databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Magiran, SID from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019, were reviewed by researchers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of articles. Moreover, I
2 index and chi-square were used to assess the heterogeneity between the results.

Summary
490 articles were found as a result of the search in the selected international and local databases, where finally, 10 articles were included into the meta-analysis after the elimination of the duplicated articles and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that 29.5% of the girls were considered active according to WHO criteria (16.1–42.8: 95% CI) and also 20.5% of the boys (7.3–33.7: 95% CI).

Outlook
Overall, this study’s findings showed that a large percentage of Iranian children and adolescents do not achieve the level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. This can lead to undesirable consequences for this group of population that is considered as the human capital of any country; consequently, it seems necessary to take basic measures at the micro and macro levels in order to reduce such problems in the society.
Best Practices and Lessons Learned from Community Engagement and Data Collection Strategies in Post-Hurricane Maria Puerto Rico
Authors: Saum-Manning Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Communities have a vital role to play in managing the risks associated with natural disasters. As such, their strengths, weaknesses, and priority concerns must be factored into policy decisions to ensure local recovery efforts reflect community needs. Regular engagement with community members provides opportunities for emergency managers and first responders to tap into a reservoir of local knowledge to build a shared understanding of how to foster local preparedness and help communities reduce the impact of a disaster. Not all communities are alike; needs can differ for a variety of reasons and can help determine the best ways to galvanize an appropriate response. The methods of engagement should also be tailored to ensure communities are willing and able to participate in the types of interactions emergency managers wish to initiate. In this paper, we used a mixed method approach to examine several different community engagement and data collection strategies conducted, observed or examined by our research team during six months of post-Hurricane Maria recovery efforts in Puerto Rico from February to July 2018. The aim of this study is to assess whether different outreach approaches used illuminated different perceptions about disaster preparedness and recovery and to identify what works and what does not work when engaging communities in emergency preparedness and recovery activities.
Anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal profiles of the partially admixed pygmoid group in Rampasasa (Flores, Indonesia)
Authors: Pulungan Aman , Andarie Attika A. , Soesanti Frida , Yassien Muhammad Ramdhani , de Bruin Christiaan , Wijaya Andi , Firmansyah Agus , Wit Jan M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We performed a cross-sectional study on anthropometric and laboratory characteristics of inhabitants of Rampasasa (Flores, Indonesia). Adults were categorised according to ancestry into three groups: pygmoid (P/P, offspring of pygmoid parents, n=8), mixed pygmoid (P/N, offspring of pygmoid and non-pygmoid parents, n=12) and non-pygmoid (N/N, n=10). Children (n=28) were P/N.

Methods
Measurements included height, weight, sitting height, arm span, head circumference, haematological analysis and serum albumin, calcium, vitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Pubertal stage and bone age was assessed in children. Anthropometric data were expressed as standard deviation score (SDS) for age. IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were expressed as SDS for age, bone age and pubertal stage.

Results
Mean height SDS showed a gradient from P/P (−4.0) via P/N (−3.2) to N/N (−2.3) (−3.4, −3.1 and −2.2 adjusted for age-associated shrinking). Sitting height and head circumference showed similar gradients. Serum IGF-I SDS was similar among groups (approximately −1 SDS). IGFBP-3 SDS tended toward a gradient from P/P (−1.9) via P/N (−1.5) to N/N (−1.1), but IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was normal in all groups. In P/P and P/N, mean head circumference SDS was >2 SD greater than mean height SDS. Children showed a progressive growth failure and bone age delay, delayed female pubertal onset and an initial low serum IGF-I, normal IGFBP-3 and low IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio.

Conclusions
P/P showed proportionate short stature with relative macrocephaly and relatively low IGFBP-3; P/N presented an intermediate pattern. P/N children were progressively short, showed delayed skeletal maturation, delayed puberty in girls and low IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3.
Experience with the targeted next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Turan Ihsan , Erdem Sevcan , Kotan Leman Damla , Ozdemir Dilek Semine , Tastan Mehmet , Gurbuz Fatih , Bişgin Atıl , Karabay Bayazıt Aysun , Topaloglu Ali Kemal , Yuksel Bilgin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets (HHR) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypophosphatemia. Although the X-linked dominant HHR is the most common form, the genetic etiology of HHR is variable. Recently, developed next-generation sequencing techniques may provide opportunities for making HHR diagnosis in a timely and efficient way.

Methods
We investigated clinical and genetic features for 18 consecutive probands and their 17 affected family members with HHR. All patient’s clinical and biochemical data were collected. We first analyzed a single gene with Next-generation sequencing if the patients have a strong clue for an individual gene. For the remaining cases, a Hypophosphatemic Rickets gene panel, including all known HHR genes by Next-generation sequencing, was employed.

Results
We were able to diagnosis all of the consecutive 35 patients in our tertiary care center. We detected nine novel and 10 previously described variants in PHEX (9; 50%), SLC34A3 (3; 17%), ENPP1 (3; 17%), SLC34A1 (1; 5%), CLCN5 (1; 5%), and DMP1 (1; 5%).

Conclusions
To delineate the etiology of HHR cases in a cost and time-efficient manner, we propose single gene analysis by next-generation sequencing if findings of patients indicate a strong clue for an individual gene. If that analysis is negative or for all other cases, a Next-generation Sequence gene panel, which includes all known HHR genes, should be employed.
Barth syndrome with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and growth hormone resistance: a case report
Authors: Vanderniet Joel A. , Benitez-Aguirre Paul Z. , Broderick Carolyn R. , Kelley Richard I. , Balasubramaniam Shanti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the metabolic and endocrine features of a patient with Barth syndrome who showed evidence of growth hormone resistance.

Case presentation
A male proband deteriorated rapidly with lactic acidosis after a circumcision at age three weeks and was found to have severe dilated cardiomyopathy. A cardiomyopathy gene panel led to the diagnosis of TAZ-deficiency Barth syndrome. He subsequently experienced hypotonia and gross motor delay, feeding difficulties for the first four years, constitutional growth delay and one episode of ketotic hypoglycaemia. Cardiomyopathy resolved on oral anti-failure therapy by age three years. He had a hormonal pattern of growth hormone resistance, and growth hormone treatment was considered, however height velocity improved spontaneously after age 3½ years. He also had biochemical primary hypothyroidism.

Conclusions
With careful metabolic management with l-arginine supplementation, overnight corn starch, and a prescribed exercise program, our patient’s strength, endurance, level of physical activity and body composition improved significantly by age six years.
Sexual maturity assessment in Indian children—a study from western India
Authors: Lohiya Nikhil , Jahagirdar Rahul , Deshpande Ruma , Goyal Ankush 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pubertal assessment is crucial as puberty is the transition from childhood to adulthood. Pubertal assessment, growth, and secular trend in puberty need to be explored further in India. The objectives were to assess Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) among children and establish normative data of puberty from western India. We also compared age of attainment of various stages of puberty with BMI and secular trend in menarche.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care pediatric center. The study population were healthy girls and boys between 6 and 18 years. Demographic data was noted. Anthropometry and SMR assessment (Tanner staging) were performed. The age of menarche was noted among the girls and their mothers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.

Results
In girls, median age of thelarche, pubarche, and menarche was 9.37 (8.5–10.2), 10.18 (9.87–10.49), and 12.55 years (12.41–12.75) respectively. There was an early appearance of thelarche but menarche was delayed in overweight-obese girls (statistically not significant). Age of menarche showed a shift to left in girls as compared to their mothers (p=0.036). In boys, median age of testicular stage 2 and pubarche was 10.7 (9.9–11.8) and 11.6 years (11.1–12.1) respectively. In overweight-obese boys the pubertal milestones were achieved earlier (statistically not significant).

Conclusions
Normative data on pubertal assessment from western India is presented. Age of menarche shows a shift to left in girls as compared to their mothers. Pubertal milestones were observed at a younger age in overweight obese children which was not significant.
Rio de Janeiro noise mapping during the COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: Gevú Nayara , Carvalho Bianca , Fagerlande Guilherme C. , Niemeyer Maria Lygia , Cortês Marina Medeiros , Torres Julio Cesar Boscher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison between the acoustic scenario at the Rio de Janeiro city center, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Undergoing one of the most important pandemics of the recent history, the social isolation led to a new acoustic scenario for Rio de Janeiro. The study was realized at the city center, an area of historical, economic and cultural relevance. The comparison consisted of analyzing measured data and noise maps produced for the city center area. The maps were created according to measured and collected data of the respective time periods. The acoustic scenario prior to the pandemic time was reconstructed based on previous measurements and data collection, while the pandemic one was built with data survey during the highest social isolation index on July 2020. The comparative analysis showed a considerable noise reduction, between 10 and 15 dB, for areas where the traffic noise was not intense and where the human activities were predominant on the streets. However, there was no substantial noise decrease for the areas around the major avenues. This occurred due to the traffic intensity drop to 50% during the pandemic, which meant a noise reduction between 3 and 5 dB.
Development of traffic noise prediction model for major arterial roads of tier-II city of India (Surat) using artificial neural network
Authors: Ranpise Ramesh B. , Tandel B. N. , Singh Vivek A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the issue of expanding noise levels the world over, road traffic noise is main contributor. The investigation of street traffic noise in urban communities is a significant issue. Ample opportunity has already passed to understand the significance of noise appraisal through prediction models with the goal that assurance against street traffic noise can be actualized. Noise predictions models are utilized in an increasing range of decision-making applications. This study’s main objective is to assess ambient noise levels at major arterial roads of Surat city, compare these with prescribed standards, and develop a noise prediction model for arterial roads using an Artificial Neural Network. The feed-forward back propagation method has been used to train the model. Models have been developed using the data of three roads separately, and one final model has also been developed using the data of all three roads. Among the prediction in three arterial roads, the predicted output result from the model of Adajan-Rander showed a better correlation with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.789 and R2 value of 0.707. But with the combined model, there is a slight deterioration in mean squared value (MSE) 1.550, with R2 not getting changed much significantly, i.e., 0.755. However, the combined model’s prediction can be adopted due to the variety of data used in its training.
Tensile Strength of Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Pan Andrew N. , Grabinsky Murray W. F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tensile strength is an important parameter in the design and analysis of cemented paste backfill (CPB) for underground mining. Although traditional axisymmetric dogbone-shaped specimens have been used to directly determine the tensile strength of rocks and concretes, such methods are not practical for CPB because of its much lower strength and associated difficulties in shaping the specimens. To determine the tensile strength of CPB, a castable rectangular dogbone specimen is developed, the apparatus including a compression to tension load converter, and a four-part split mold. The designed apparatus is validated using numerical analysis and shown through testing applications to be relatively simple, practical, and reliable. Results illustrate that the primary design allows the direct determination of tensile strength and characterization of the stress-strain behavior of isotropic materials. The stress-strain behavior could be reliably correlated with unconfined compression strength test results. The data show how the tensile strength is dependent on curing time and cement content. These results can lead to better mine backfill designs that fundamentally improve the underground mine stability.
Experimental Study on Impact Fracture of Side-Wing Offset Crack in Jointed Medium
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yang Renshu , Chen Cheng , Li Zhuangzhuang , Liu Yatian , Ding Liyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Herein, to explore the interaction between joint and moving cracks under dynamic loads, bonded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected to simulate the medium-containing joint. Using digital laser dynamic caustics experiments and the precrack offset distance as a single variable, the interaction mechanism between the moving crack and joint was investigated from the macro and micro perspectives. The failure mode of the specimens displayed significant differences. According to the fracture form when the crack passes the joint, it can be divided into three types: Type 1: the crack propagates directly along the original path when passing through the joint; Type 2: when the crack passes through the joint, it moves a certain distance along the joint and then cracks again to form a crack; Type 3: the crack moves for a certain distance along the joint and then cracks again to form main cracks and several subcracks of different lengths. With an increase in offset distance, the angle between the crack and joint decreases nonlinearly when passing through the joint, and the ability of the crack to propagate through the joint is continuously weakened. The macroscopic manifestation for the phenomenon is that the displacement of the crack along the joint movement gradually rises in steps. The offset distance of the crack along the joint and the number of cracks after passing through the joint were affected by the energy release rate along the joint direction. The microscopic appearance is that when the crack passes the joint, the stagnation time presents a gradually rising trend. The physical quantities such as the stress intensity factor at the initiation of the crack tip, the initial crack initiation time, and the time for the crack to penetrate the specimen all displayed a gradual enhancement with the increase in offset distance.
Prediction of Long-Term Creep Properties of Zirconium-2.5 % Niobium Alloy Using Wilshire Method
Authors: Patel Vivek , Singh R. N. , Krishnan Madangopal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Zirconium-2.5 % niobium alloy, used as a pressure tube material in pressurized heavy water reactors, have to experience extreme stress, temperature, and radioactive conditions to serve within the designed dimensional tolerance limit. Prolonged duration under high stress and high temperature causes the creep deformation, ultimately leading to deformation beyond the permitted limit or interference with other components, or both. Hence, a priori using particular material for a specific application, mechanical testing has to be done to investigate its deformation behavior. However, creep tests of material can last from a few hours to several months or even years. The cost of testing the material can eventually impact the cost of the component. Instead of carrying out long-term creep tests, an extrapolation technique named the Wilshire method is applied to predict the creep behavior of the material under any given test conditions. This method is also capable of reconstructing the complete creep curve using the data from accelerated creep tests. Such an approach can drastically scale down the cost and time required for the long-term creep tests. In the present study, zirconium 2.5 % niobium alloy, which is used as pressure tube material in pressurized heavy water reactors, is employed as a test material for the analysis using the Wilshire method.
High-Level Representations in Human Occipito-Temporal Cortex Are Indexed by Distal Connectivity
Authors: Walbrin Jon , Almeida Jorge 
Published: April 2021

Human object recognition is dependent on occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), but a complete understanding of the complex functional architecture of this area must account for how it is connected to the wider brain. Converging functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence shows that univariate responses to different categories of information (e.g., faces, bodies, and nonhuman objects) are strongly related to, and potentially shaped by, functional and structural connectivity to the wider brain. However, to date, there have been no systematic attempts to determine how distal connectivity and complex local high-level responses in occipito-temporal cortex (i.e., multivoxel response patterns) are related. Here, we show that distal functional connectivity is related to, and can reliably index, high-level representations for several visual categories (i.e., tools, faces, and places) within occipito-temporal cortex; that is, voxel sets that are strongly connected to distal brain areas show higher pattern discriminability than less well-connected sets do. We further show that in several cases, pattern discriminability is higher in sets of well-connected voxels than sets defined by local activation (e.g., strong amplitude responses to faces in fusiform face area). Together, these findings demonstrate the important relationship between the complex functional organization of occipito-temporal cortex and wider brain connectivity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman object recognition relies strongly on OTC, yet responses in this broad area are often considered in relative isolation to the rest of the brain. We employ a novel connectivity-guided voxel selection approach with functional magnetic resonance imaging data to show higher sensitivity to information (i.e., higher multivoxel pattern discriminability) in voxel sets that share strong connectivity to distal brain areas, relative to (1) voxel sets that are less strongly connected, and in several cases, (2) voxel sets that are defined by strong local response amplitude. These findings underscore the importance of distal contributions to local processing in OTC.
Prior Cocaine Exposure Increases Firing to Immediate Reward While Attenuating Cue and Context Signals Related to Reward Value in the Insula
Authors: Pribut Heather J. , Vázquez Daniela , Brockett Adam T. , Wei Alice D. , Tennyson Stephen S. , Roesch Matthew R. 
Published: April 2021

The insula contributes to behavioral control and is disrupted by substance abuse, yet we know little about the neural signals underlying these functions or how they are disrupted after chronic drug self-administration. Here, male and female rats self-administered either cocaine (experimental group) or sucrose (control) for 12 consecutive days. After a 1 month withdrawal period, we recorded from insula while rats performed a previously learned reward-guided decision-making task. Cocaine-exposed rats were more sensitive to value manipulations and were faster to respond. These behavioral changes were accompanied by elevated counts of neurons in the insula that increased firing to reward. These neurons also fired more strongly at the start of long-delay trials, when a more immediate reward would be expected, and fired less strongly in anticipation of the actual delivery of delayed rewards. Although reward-related firing to immediate reward was enhanced after cocaine self-administration, reward-predicting cue and context signals were attenuated. In addition to revealing novel firing patterns unique to insula, our data suggest changes in such neural activity likely contribute to impaired decision making observed after drug use.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe insula plays a clear role in drug addiction and drug-induced impairments of decision making, yet there is little understanding of its underlying neural signals. We found that chronic cocaine self-administration reduces cue and context encoding in insula while enhancing signals related to immediate reward. These changes in neural activity likely contribute to impaired decision making and impulsivity observed after drug use.
Quartz crystal microbalance monitoring of large-area graphene anodization reveals layer fracturing
Authors: Svetlova Anastasia , Beltramo Guillermo , Kireev Dmitry , Offenhäusser Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGraphene has numerous potential applications in ultrathin electronics. There an electrode should function in contact with fluids and under mechanical stress; therefore, its stability is specifically of concern. Here, we explored a custom-made quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor covered with wet-transferred large-scale monolayer graphene for investigation of an electrode behavior. Monolayer graphene was found to be stable on an oscillating substrate in contact with air and liquid. Under the liquid flow and simultaneously applied electrochemical potential, we managed to induce graphene oxidation, impact of which was observed on a quartz crystal microbalance monitoring and Raman spectra. Applied potentials of 1 V and higher (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) caused graphene oxidation which led to loss of the layer integrity and erosion of the material.
Graphic abstract