bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel therapeutics for hydrocephalus: Insights from animal models
Authors: Wang Chuansen , Wang Xiaoqiang , Tan Changwu , Wang Yuchang , Tang Zhi , Zhang Zhiping , Liu Jingping , Xiao Gelei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrocephalus is a cerebrospinal fluid physiological disorder that causes ventricular dilation with normal or high intracranial pressure. The current regular treatment for hydrocephalus is cerebrospinal fluid shunting, which is frequently related to failure and complications. Meanwhile, considering that the current nonsurgical treatments of hydrocephalus can only relieve the symptoms but cannot eliminate this complication caused by primary brain injuries, the exploration of more effective therapies has become the focus for many researchers. In this article, the current research status and progress of nonsurgical treatment in animal models of hydrocephalus are reviewed to provide new orientations for animal research and clinical practice.
Daily experiences of type 1 diabetes stress across adulthood
Authors: Kelly Caitlin S. , Berg Cynthia A. , Lee Tracy Eunjin , Staylor Kaitlyn , Thomas Amanda , Helgeson Vicki S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsDaily diabetes stressful events take a toll on individuals with type 1 diabetes, and these experiences may look different across adulthood. The aims of the current study were to understand the nature of daily diabetes stress across adulthood and explore whether these experiences differed by age.MethodsIn this qualitative study, adults with T1D (N = 199, Mage = 46.81 years) described the most stressful event related to their diabetes each evening as part of a 14‐day diary. Using a grounded theory approach, diabetes stressful events were coded for where they occurred, the source of stress (i.e. interpersonal or not), and content (e.g. sleep; blood glucose checking; frustration).ResultsParticipants reported having a diabetes‐related stressful event on 58% (M = 0.58, SD = (0.25)) of days. Daily stressful events included issues of diabetes management, diabetes‐related interference to or from other areas of life, and negative impact on psychological well‐being, but rarely included a social component. Older adults were less likely to report having a diabetes‐related stressful event, but were more likely to report that stressful events occurred at home, compared to younger adults.ConclusionThe lived experience of diabetes‐related stress appears similar across ages, with individuals continuing to experience generally the same types of diabetes‐related events in similar frequencies. Interventions to help improve diabetes outcomes or well‐being may benefit from targeting the most commonly experienced areas of stress, which includes reducing the interference of daily activities to and by diabetes management.
#NeverAgainMSD Student Activism: Lessons for Agonist Political Education in an Age of Democratic Crisis
Authors: Abowitz Kathleen Knight , Mamlok Dan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this essay, Kathleen Knight Abowitz and Dan Mamlok consider the arguments for agonist political education in light of a case study based in the events of the 2018 mass shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, and the subsequent activism of its survivors. We use this case to examine agonist expressions of citizenship, and to present an argument for framing agonist politics through the lens of Deweyan transactional communication combined with the critical concept of articulation. A major lesson in this case is the significance of citizenship learning that prioritizes challenging the political status quo along with working to reestablish new political relations on grounds that are more just. The authors argue that the endgame of agonist‐informed political education should be that which helps students, as present and future citizens, reconstruct existing political conditions. Knight Abowitz and Mamlok conclude with suggestions for four domains of knowledge and capacities that can productively shape agonist citizenship education efforts: political education, lived citizenship, critical political literacies, and critical digital literacies.
Buyers' role in innovation procurement: Evidence from US military R&D contracts
Authors: Decarolis Francesco , de Rassenfosse Gaétan , Giuffrida Leonardo M. , Iossa Elisabetta , Mollisi Vincenzo , Raiteri Emilio , Spagnolo Giancarlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study provides the first quantification of buyers' role in the outcome of R&D procurement contracts. We combine together four data sources on US federal R&D contracts, follow‐on patented inventions, federal public workforce characteristics, and perception of their work environment. By exploiting the observability of deaths of federal employees, we find that managers' death events negatively affect innovation outcomes: a 1% increase in the share of relevant public officer deaths causes a decline of 32.3% of patents per contract, 20.5% patent citations per contract, and 34.3% patent claims per contract. These effects are driven by the deaths occurring in the 6 months before the contract is awarded, thereby indicating the relevance of the design and award stage relative to ex post contract monitoring. Lower levels of self‐reported within‐office cooperation also negatively impact R&D outcomes.
Paediatric playground and tree‐related injuries: Hospital admissions in the Midland region of New Zealand
Authors: Bentley Maria , Amey Janet , Smith Alastair , Christey Grant 
Published: June 2021

AimTo examine the incidence and outcomes of paediatric playground and tree‐related injuries in the Midland region of New Zealand.MethodsA retrospective review of Midland Trauma Registry hospitalisation data between January 2012 and December 2018 was undertaken. Cases included children aged 0–14 years hospitalised for playground and tree‐related injuries. Demographic and event information, injury severity and hospital‐related outcomes were examined.ResultsPlayground and tree‐related hospitalisations (n = 1941) occurred with an age‐standardised rate of 144.3/100 000 (confidence interval (CI) 127.3–161.3) and increased 1.4% (CI 1.3–4.2%) annually. The highest incidence was observed in 5–9‐year olds (248.8/100 000) with 0–4 and 10–14‐year olds at 86.0 and 89.2/100 000, respectively. Injuries most commonly occurred at home, school or pre‐school (77.1%), 93.7% were due to falls and, the upper extremity was the most frequently injured body region (69.9%), particularly due to forearm (55.6%) and upper arm (34.7%) fractures. Tree‐related incidents comprised 11.6% of all injuries and explained 57.1% of injuries classified as major severity. Fifty‐eight percent of children were hospitalised for 1 day and 97.0% for less than 5 days. Estimated hospital costs were NZ$1.2 million annually with a median of NZ$3898 per incident. Injuries classified as minor severity accounted for 86.5% of the total estimated cost.ConclusionChildren aged 5–9 years' experience high rates of costly hospitalisation for playground and tree‐related injuries. Targeted injury prevention initiatives, particularly in the home and school environments, are imperative to reduce the incidence and burden of playground and tree‐related injuries to affected children, their families and hospital resources.
Reduction of Selenicereus stem cuttings weight by fungal plant pathogens during storage
Authors: Taguiam John Darby , Evallo Edzel , Balendres Mark Angelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDragon fruit (Selenicereus spp.) is a high‐value crop in the Philippines. It is commonly propagated using stem cuttings, which quality is essential for fruit production. Several pathogens have been reported to cause various diseases in dragon fruit worldwide. These diseases affect stem and fruit quality in the field, but the consequences during storage are unknown. This study aims to determine the effect of three pathogens (Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Epicoccum sorghinum, and Nigrospora sphaerica) on Selenicereus stem cuttings in controlled storage conditions. Three weeks after inoculation, only N. dimidiatum significantly reduced Selenicereus stem weight in both cooler (air‐conditioned storage area/19‐25°C) and warmer (room temperature/28‐30°C) temperatures. Nonetheless, all pathogens induced symptoms on stems, which caused a loss in product quality. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum caused significantly more severe symptoms under controlled conditions. In general, symptoms were more severe on the stems kept in the air‐conditioned storage area. This study highlights the importance of disease‐free planting materials and adequate temperature in the storage area in the preparation and dissemination of high‐quality dragon fruit stem cuttings.
Resilience assessment of electrified road networks subject to charging station failures
Authors: Wang Hongping , Abdin Adam F. , Fang Yi‐Ping , Zio Enrico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe number of electric vehicles (EVs) and charging facilities is expected to increase significantly in the near future, further coupling the existing transportation system with the power system. This may bring new stresses and risks to such a system of systems. This paper presents a mathematical framework to analyze the resilience of an electrified road network (ERN) subject to potential failures of its supporting fast‐charging stations (FCSs). Within this framework, a novel linear optimization model is proposed for the first time to solve the system optimal dynamic traffic assignment problem of ERN. The characteristics considered in the modeling framework include the location, capacity, and charging speed of FCSs, as well as the driving range, charging time, and state of charge (SoC) of EVs. The linear model is proposed based on the cell transmission model. It is used as the first‐stage model to assign the traffic under normal FCS operations. A second‐stage model is, then, extended to minimize the total travel time after the stochastic occurrence of FCS failures, that is, in the failure and recovery phases. Two metrics are considered to quantify the ERN performance and the impacts of FCS failures. A numerical example is studied to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed framework for analyzing ERN resilience. The results show that deploying FCSs near the highway entrances and maintaining their operation are relevant factors to enhance the system's resilience. The analysis can provide guidelines to the system operators for effective management of the ERN operation and identify resilience‐critical FCSs for system resilience improvement.
Esophageal mucosal sensory nerves and potential mechanoreceptors in patients with ineffective esophageal motility
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Lei Wei‐Yi , Zhang Mengyu , Lee Chung , Ustaoglu Ahsen , Chen Chien‐Lin , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIneffective esophageal motility (IEM) is the most common motility disorder. However, little is known about its pathophysiology. Vagal afferent nerves convey esophageal intraluminal bolus information to solitary nucleus, which is likely to be involved with esophageal primary and secondary peristalsis (SP). We hypothesized that altered mucosal sensory afferents underlie the pathogenesis of IEM.MethodsWe prospectively collected esophageal biopsies from 38 patients with proton pump inhibitor‐refractory reflux symptoms from January to December 2019. All patients underwent high‐resolution manometry for the evaluation of primary and secondary peristalsis, and off‐PPI 24‐h impedance‐pH studies. Biopsies were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for identification of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive (CGRP‐IR) nerves and qPCR for mRNA expression of potential mechanoreceptors.Key ResultsOverall 32 patients were finally analyzed which consisted of 11 patients with normal motility and 21 patients with IEM. The position of mucosal CGRP‐IR nerves from the esophageal lumen did not differ between the two groups (the proximal esophagus (p = 0.52), the mid‐esophagus (p = 0.92), the distal esophagus (p = 0.29)) with the similar reflux profile. No difference was seen in the position of CGRP‐IR nerves between patients with successful triggering of SP and those unable to trigger SP. There was also no difference in mRNA expression of each potential mechanoreceptors (TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4, ASIC1, ASIC3) between the two groups.Conclusions and InferencesOur study showed that mucosal sensory afferents nerve position and mRNA expression of potential mechanoreceptors did not correlate to weak esophageal contraction.
Reconstructing the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Early–Middle Jurassic Tlaxiaco Basin in southern Mexico: New insights into the crustal attenuation history of southern North America during Pangea breakup
Authors: Zepeda-Martínez Mildred , Martini Michelangelo , Solari Luigi A. , Mendoza-Rosales Claudia C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During Pangea breakup, several Jurassic extensional to transtensional basins were developed all around the world. The boundaries of these basins are major structures that accommodated continental extension during Jurassic time. Therefore, reconstructing the geometry of Jurassic basins is a key factor in identifying the major faults that produced continental attenuation during Pangea breakup. We reconstruct the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Jurassic Tlaxiaco Basin in southern Mexico using sedimentologic, petrographic, and U-Pb geochronologic data. We show that the northern boundary of the Tlaxiaco Basin was an area of high relief composed of the Paleozoic Acatlán Complex, which was drained to the south by a set of alluvial fans. The WNW-trending Salado River–Axutla fault is exposed directly to the north of the northernmost fan exposures, and it is interpreted as the Jurassic structure that controlled the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Tlaxiaco Basin at its northern boundary. The eastern boundary is represented by a topographic high composed of the Proterozoic Oaxacan Complex, which was exhumed along the NNW-trending Caltepec fault and was drained to the west by a major meandering river called the Tlaxiaco River. Data presented in this work suggest that continental extension during Pangea breakup was accommodated in Mexico not only by NNW-trending faults associated with the development of the Tamaulipas–Chiapas transform and the opening of the Gulf of Mexico, but also by WNW-trending structures. Our work offers a new perspective for future studies that aim to reconstruct the breakup evolution of western equatorial Pangea.
Specific Features of the Motor Potentials of the Leg Muscles Induced by Magnetic Stimulation under the Conditions of a Five-Day “Dry” Immersion in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Nosikova I. N. , Ryabova A. M. , Dmitrieva L. E. , Zakirova A. Z. , Kitov V. V. , Tomilovskaya E. S. , Kozlovskaya I. B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanisms of the development of hypogravitational hyperreflexia in the motoneuron pool of gravity-dependent muscles such as the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the leg under the conditions of five-day “dry” immersion in healthy volunteers using the method of transcranial and trans-spinal magnetic stimulation. The essence of the method lies in the stimulation of the areas of interest (motor areas of the cerebral cortex and lumbosacral thickening) with an electromagnetic stimulus. The study involved 10 subjects at the age of 29.9 ± 6.9 years, with no history of movement disorders or neurological diseases. The excitability of the motor neuron pool in both muscles was judged by the values of the thresholds and amplitudes of the motor response caused by transcranial and trans-spinal magnetic stimulations. A general pattern manifested in a significant decrease in thresholds and an increase in the amplitudes of motor responses caused by trans-spinal magnetic stimulation in both muscles gas been discovered. Specifically, the threshold of spinal evoked motor responses in both muscles decreased by 20%, and the amplitude increased by 150% after the end of immersion. The data obtained during the experiment confirm the spinal nature of the origin of hypogravitational hyperreflexia.
Evaluating the provision of Further Enabling Care at Home (FECH+) for informal caregivers of older adults discharged home from hospital: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hill Anne-Marie , Moorin Rachael , Slatyer Susan , Bryant Christina , Hill Keith , Waldron Nicholas , Aoun Samar , Kamdar Ami , Grealish Laurie , Reberger Caroline , Jones Cindy , Bronson Mary , Bulsara Max K , Maher Sean , Claverie Tracey , Moyle Wendy 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThere are personal and societal benefits from caregiving; however, caregiving can jeopardise caregivers’ health. The Further Enabling Care at Home (FECH+) programme provides structured nurse support, through telephone outreach, to informal caregivers of older adults following discharge from acute hospital care to home. The trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of the FECH+ programme on caregivers’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after care recipients’ hospital discharge.Methods and analysisA multisite, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with blinded baseline and outcome assessment and intention-to-treat analysis, adhering to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines will be conducted. Participants (N=925 dyads) comprising informal home caregiver (18 years or older) and care recipient (70 years or older) will be recruited when the care recipient is discharged from hospital. Caregivers of patients discharged from wards in three hospitals in Australia (one in Western Australia and two in Queensland) are eligible for inclusion. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The intervention group receive the FECH+ programme, which provides structured support and problem-solving for the caregiver after the care recipient’s discharge, in addition to usual care. The control group receives usual care. The programme is delivered by a registered nurse and comprises six 30–45 min telephone support sessions over 6 months. The primary outcome is caregivers’ HRQOL measured using the Assessment of Quality of Life—eight dimensions. Secondary outcomes include caregiver preparedness, strain and distress and use of healthcare services. Changes in HRQOL between groups will be compared using a mixed regression model that accounts for the correlation between repeated measurements.Ethics and disseminationParticipants will provide written informed consent. Ethics approvals have been obtained from Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group, Curtin University, Griffith University, Gold Coast Health Service and government health data linkage services. Findings will be disseminated through presentations, peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000060943.
Bridge study protocol: an international, observational cohort study on the transition of healthcare for adolescents with chronic conditions
Authors: Kosola Silja , Culnane Evelyn , Loftus Hayley , Tornivuori Anna , Kallio Mira , Telfer Michelle , Miettinen Päivi J , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Aalto Kristiina , Raivio Taneli , Sawyer Susan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMore than 10% of adolescents live with a chronic disease or disability that requires regular medical follow-up as they mature into adulthood. During the first 2 years after adolescents with chronic conditions are transferred to adult hospitals, non-adherence rates approach 70% and emergency visits and hospitalisation rates significantly increase. The purpose of the Bridge study is to prospectively examine associations of transition readiness and care experiences with transition success: young patients’ health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adherence to medical appointments as well as costs of care. In addition, we will track patients’ growing independence and educational and employment pathways during the transition process.Methods and analysisBridge is an international, prospective, observational cohort study. Study participants are adolescents with a chronic health condition or disability and their parents/guardians who attended the New Children’s Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, or the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH) in Melbourne, Australia. Baseline assessment took place approximately 6 months prior to the transfer of care and follow-up data will be collected 1 year and 2 years after the transfer of care. Data will be collected from patients’ hospital records and from questionnaires completed by the patient and their parent/guardian at each time point. The primary outcomes of this study are adherence to medical appointments, clinical health status and HRQoL and costs of care. Secondary outcome measures are educational and employment outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee for Women’s and Children’s Health and Psychiatry at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS/1547/2017) and the RCH Human Research Ethics Committee (38035) have approved the Bridge study protocol. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study as well as patients and their parents/guardians.Trial registration numberNCT04631965.
Coupling of propane with CO2 to propylene over Zn-promoted In/HZSM-5 catalyst
Authors: Zhang Jian-bin , He Huan-huan , Tian Hai-Feng , Liao Jian-Kang , Zha Fei , Guo Xiao-Jun , Tang XiaoHua , Chang Yue 
Published: June 2021

The ZnIn/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by the wetness impregnation method, and the structure of catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, XPS, TG, and N2 adsorption–desorption and then investigated in the coupling of propane with CO2 to propylene. It is found that the addition of Zn species is beneficial to the dispersion of In2O3 over HZSM-5, which plays an important role in propene formation, and adjusts the acidity distribution of In/HZSM-5 catalyst, as well as significantly improves the activity of In/HZSM-5 catalyst. The selectivity of propylene is 68.21% in the coupling of propane with CO2 over ZnIn/HZSM-5 catalyst when the time on stream (TOS) is 2 h, reaction temperature is 580 °C, reaction pressure is 0.3 MPa, C3H6:CO2:N2 = 1:4:5, catalyst mass is 0.2 g, and space velocity is 6000 mL gcat−1 h−1. However, the selectivity of propylene is only 63.33% and 0.25% in the propane dehydrogenation or CO2 hydrogenation reaction, respectively. The ZnIn/HZSM-5 catalyst showed a higher stability with only 0.80% conversion drop after three cycles.
As the prey thickens: rainbow trout select prey based upon width not length
Authors: Dodrill Michael J. , Yackulic Charles B. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Yard Michael D. , Korman Josh 
Published: June 2021

Drift-feeding fish are typically considered size-selective predators. Yet, few studies have explicitly tested which aspect of prey “size” best explains size selection by drift-foraging fish. Here, we develop a Bayesian discrete choice model to evaluate how attributes of both prey and predator simultaneously influence size-selective foraging. We apply the model to a large dataset of paired invertebrate drift (n = 784) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets (n = 1028). We characterized prey “size” using six metrics (length, width, area, hemispherical area, volume, mass) and used pseudo-R2 to determine which metric best explained observed prey selection across seven taxa. We found that rainbow trout are positively size-selective, they are selecting prey based upon differences in prey width, and size-selectivity increases with fish length. Rainbow trout demonstrated strong selection for the adult and pupae stages of aquatic insects relative to their larval stages. Our study provides strong empirical evidence for size-selective foraging in rainbow trout and demonstrates prey selection is based primarily upon width, not length or area as has been widely reported.