bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary outcomes of aortic arch hypoplasia and coarctation repair in a tertiary paediatric cardiac surgery centre
Authors: Ashry Amr , Harky Amer , Tarmahomed Abdulla , Ugwu Christopher , Mohammed Heba M. , Kutty Ramesh , Lotto Attilio , Guerrero Rafael , Dhannapuneni Ramana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives:There are several studies reporting the outcomes of hypoplastic aortic arch and aortic coarctation repair with combination of techniques. However, only few studies reported of aortic arch and coarctation repair using a homograft patch through sternotomy and circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion. We report our experience and outcomes of this cohort of neonates and infants.Methods:We performed retrospective data collection for all neonates and infants who underwent aortic arch reconstruction between 2015 and 2020 at our institute. Data are presented as median and inter-quartile range (IQR).Results:The cohort included 76 patients: 49 were males (64.5%). Median age at operation was 16 days (IQR 9–43.25 days). Median weight was 3.5 kg (IQR 3.10–4 kg). There was no 30 days mortality. Three patients died in hospital after 30 days (3.95%), neurological adverse events occurred in only one patient (1.32%) and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was noted in four patients (5.26%). Only three patients required the support of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with a median ECMO run of 4 days. Median follow-up was 35 months (IQR 18.9–46.4 months); 5 years survival was 93.42% (n = 71). The rate of re-intervention on the aortic arch was 9.21% (n = 7).Conclusion:Our experience shows excellent outcomes in repairing aortic arch hypoplasia with homograft patch under moderate to deep hypothermia with low in-hospital and 5 years mortality rates.
Coronary artery–pulmonary artery fistula in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: report of two surgical cases
Authors: Çakmak Arif Yasin , Yucel Ilker Kemal , Sasmazel Ahmet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect is a complex congenital cardiac anomaly. The blood is supplied to the lungs through a patent ductus arteriosus, a major aortopulmonary collateral artery, or in very rare cases from a coronary artery–pulmonary artery fistula. We present two cases with coronary artery–pulmonary artery fistula which underwent surgical intervention. In our first patient, the main pulmonary artery was supplied from the left main coronary artery. In the second patient, the right pulmonary artery originated from the left main coronary artery and continued to the right lung posteriorly to the aorta, while the left pulmonary artery originated from the patent ductus arteriosus. The difference in our cases is that the coronary artery pulmonary artery fistulas behave like major aortopulmonary collateral arteries originating from the coronary arteries. These fistulas were the main source of pulmonary blood flow.
Transient phrenic nerve palsy induced by cardiac catheterisation in an infant
Authors: Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Yanagi Sadamitsu , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report on a 7-month-old male with transient phrenic nerve palsy induced by diagnostic cardiac catheterisation. The phrenic nerve palsy, which is a rare complication, was due to extravascular bleeding from a branch of the internal mammary artery.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in patients after Fontan operation: is this a Fontan-associated renal disease?
Authors: Furuta Takashi , Muneuchi Jun , Sugitani Yuichiro , Yoshino Miwa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite acceptable survival for Fontan operation, there are concerns about late complications affecting the major organs. We herein present two cases of adults after Fontan operation who developed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. These cases suggest that focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is owing to haemodynamic incompetence associated with Fontan operation, including congestion, hypoxia, and hyperviscosity, which may be called Fontan-associated renal disease.
Persistence of anaemia among Samoan preschool age children: a longitudinal study
Authors: Wu Bohao , Choy Courtney C , Rivara Anna C , Soti-Ulberg Christina , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututia S , Duckham Rachel L , Hawley Nicola L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:To characterise the prevalence and persistence of anaemia among Samoan children over a 2–3-year period.Design:Data were from two consecutive waves (2015 and 2017–2018) of the Ola Tuputupua’e ‘Growing up’ study. Anaemia (Hb < 11·0 or 11·5 g/dl for 2–4 and ≥ 5 years old, respectively) was considered ‘transient’ when it occurred at only one wave or ‘persistent’ if it was present at two consecutive waves. Child, maternal and household correlates of anaemia were examined using log-binomial and modified Poisson regressions.Setting:Eleven Samoan villages.Participants:Mother–child pairs (n257) recruited in 2015 and reassessed in 2017–2018.Results:Anaemia prevalence was 33·9 % in 2015 and 28·0 % in 2017–2018; 35·6 % of cases identified in 2015 were persistent. Risk of anaemia at only one wave was lower among children who were older in 2015 (age 4v. 2 years, adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0·54, (95 % CI 0·35, 0·84),P= 0·007), had older mothers (≥ 40v. 18–29 years, aRR = 0·61, (95 % CI 0·39, 0·95),P= 0·029) and had higher daily sodium intake (for every 100 mg/d, aRR = 0·97, (95 % CI 0·95, 0·99),P= 0·003) than children with no anaemia. Children whose anaemia persisted were more likely to have had a mother with anaemia (aRR = 2·13, (95 % CI 1·17, 3·89),P= 0·013) and had higher daily dietary iron intake (for every 10 mg/d, aRR = 4·69, (95 % CI 1·33, 16·49),P= 0·016) than those with no anaemia.Conclusions:Alongside broadly targeted prevention efforts, which are warranted given the moderate-high anaemia prevalence observed, specific attention should be paid to children with risk factors for persistent anaemia. Routine screening of children whose mothers have anaemia should be encouraged.
Collaboration amongst general practitioners and gynaecologists working in primary health care in Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Trusch Barbara , Heintze Christoph , Petelos Elena , Dini Lorena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim:
This cross-sectional study is the first one to explore the collaboration of the influencing factors thereof amongst general practitioners (GPs) and gynaecologists (Gyns) working in primary care in urban and rural settings in Germany.

Background:
The number of women aged ≥ 50 years is predicted to increase in the next years in Germany. This coincides with the ageing of primary care specialists providing outpatient care. Whereas delegation of tasks to nurses as a form of interprofessional collaboration has been the target of recent studies, there is no data regarding collaboration amongst physicians in different specialisations working in primary care. We explored collaboration amongst GPs and Gyn regarding the healthcare provision to women aged ≥ 50 years.

Methods:
A quantitative postal survey was administered to GPs and Gyns in three federal states in Germany, focusing on care provision to women aged ≥ 50 years. A total of 4545 physicians, comprising 3514 GPs (67% of the total GP population) randomly selected, and all 1031 Gyns practicing in these states received the postal survey in March 2018. A single reminder was sent in April 2018 with data collection ending in June 2018. Multiple logistic regressions were performed for collaboration, adjusted by age and sex, alongside descriptive methods.

Findings:
The overall response rate was 31% (1389 respondents): 861 GPs (25%) and 528 Gyns (51%), with the mean respondent age being 54.4 years. Seventy-two per cent were female. Key competencies of collaboration are associated with working in rural federal states and with network participation. Physicians from rural states [odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2, 1.9] and physicians in networks (OR = 3.0, CI = 2.3, 3.9) were more satisfied with collaboration. Collaboration to deliver services for women aged ≥ 50 years is more systematic amongst GPs and Gyns who are members of a network; increased networking could improve collaboration, and ultimately, outcomes too.
Effects of free maternal policies on quality and cost of care and outcomes: an integrative review
Authors: Oyugi Boniface , Kendall Sally , Peckham Stephen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim:
We conducted an integrative review of the global-free maternity (FM) policies and evaluated the quality of care (QoC) and cost and cost implications to provide lessons for universal health coverage (UHC).

Methodology:
Using integrative review methods proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005), we searched through EBSCO Host, ArticleFirst, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Emerald Insight, JSTOR, PubMed, Springer Link, Electronic collections online, and Google Scholar databases guided by the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol (PRISMA) guideline. Only empirical studies that described FM policies with components of quality and cost were included. There were 43 papers included, and the data were analysed thematically.

Results:
Forty-three studies that met the criteria were all from developing countries and had implemented different approaches of FM policy. Review findings demonstrated that some of the quality issues hindering the policies were poor management of complications, worsened referral systems, overburdening of staff because of increased utilisation, lack of transport, and low supply of stock. There were some quality improvements on monitoring vital signs by nurses and some procedures met the recommended standards. Equally, mothers still bear the burden of some costs such as the purchase of drugs, transport, informal payments despite policies being ‘free’.

Conclusions:
FM policies can reduce the financial burden on the households if well implemented and sustainably funded. Besides, they may also contribute to a decline in inequity between the rich and poor though not independently. In order to achieve the SDG goal of UHC by 2030, there is a need to promote awareness of the policy to the poor and disadvantaged women in rural areas to help narrow the inequality gap on utilisation and provide a sustainable form of transport through collaboration with partners to help reduce impoverishment of households. Also, there is a need to address elements such as cultural barriers and the role of traditional birth attendants which hinder women from seeking skilled care even when they are freely available.
Effects of Dissolution Fingering on Mass Transfer Rate in Three‐Dimensional Porous Media
Authors: Patmonoaji Anindityo , Hu Yingxue , Nasir Muhammad , Zhang Chunwei , Suekane Tetsuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDissolution mass transfer from the trapped phase to the flowing phase in porous media occurs in various hydrogeology processes. One of the important phenomena is dissolution fingering and its effect on dissolution mass transfer. In this work, dissolution mass transfer in porous media with various particle sizes and distribution was investigated in pore scale and meso‐scale by using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. The specific interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient were measured by following the representative elementary volume concept, and the effect of dissolution fingering was evaluated. Linear instability theory was used for the prediction of dissolution finger width () at the onset of dissolution fingering. Although dissolution fingering tends to develop when the porous media container diameter () is smaller than half of , its effect on mass transfer coefficient starts to occur when is larger than the whole . Starting this point, dissolution fingering decreases the mass transfer coefficient by three times. For validation, an additional experiment with a larger porous media container size was performed, and three dissolution fingers were successfully observed. Their size was found to be comparable with the theoretical prediction based on linear instability theory.
Mechanism of Interannual Cross‐Equatorial Overturning Anomalies in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Rao Devanarayana R. M. , Tandon Neil F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe meridional overturning circulation (MOC) transports heat and mass between the tropics and the extratropics. Recent research has shown that the variability of the Indo‐Pacific MOC dominates the variability of the global MOC on interannual timescales, and this variability is characterized by a prominent cross‐equatorial cell (CEC) spanning the tropics. This CEC is a potentially important influence on interannual climate variability, but the mechanism responsible for the CEC is not understood. This study seeks to elucidate the mechanism of the CEC using two observational estimates of the ocean. Our analysis shows that the CEC can be explained by the following mechanistic chain: (a) Anomalies in the atmospheric circulation and hydrological cycle produce equatorially antisymmetric density anomalies in the upper Pacific Ocean (above approximately 500 m); (b) these density anomalies generate equatorially antisymmetric anomalies of sea surface height (SSH); (c) these SSH anomalies generate a cross‐equatorial flow above approximately 1,000 m; and (d) this anomalous cross‐equatorial flow drives compensating flow below approximately 1,000 m. This mechanism contrasts with that responsible for anomalous cross‐equatorial overturning on seasonal timescales, which is primarily the Ekman response to equatorially antisymmetric anomalies of zonal wind stress. On interannual timescales, the zonal wind stress anomalies associated with the CEC are equatorially symmetric, and steric SSH variations are the dominant driver of the CEC. These insights may lead to improved understanding and prediction of interannual climate variability.
The temporal origin of dentate granule neurons dictates their role in spatial memory
Authors: Masachs Nuria , Charrier Vanessa , Farrugia Fanny , Lemaire Valerie , Blin Nicolas , Mazier Wilfrid , Tronel Sophie , Montaron Marie-Françoise , Ge Shaoyu , Marsicano Giovanni , Cota Daniela , Deroche-Gamonet Véronique , Herry Cyril , Abrous Djoher Nora 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dentate gyrus is one of the only brain regions that continues its development after birth in rodents. Adolescence is a very sensitive period during which cognitive competences are programmed. We investigated the role of dentate granule neurons (DGNs) born during adolescence in spatial memory and compared them with those generated earlier in life (in embryos or neonates) or during adulthood by combining functional imaging, retroviral and optogenetic tools to tag and silence DGNs. By imaging DGNs expressing Zif268, a proxy for neuronal activity, we found that neurons generated in adolescent rats (and not embryos or neonates) are transiently involved in spatial memory processing. In contrast, adult-generated DGNs are recruited at a later time point when animals are older. A causal relationship between the temporal origin of DGNs and spatial memory was confirmed by silencing DGNs in behaving animals. Our results demonstrate that the emergence of spatial memory depends on neurons born during adolescence, a function later assumed by neurons generated during adulthood.
Biopsy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a multicentre UK audit
Authors: Childs Alexa , Zakeri Nekisa , Ma Yuk Ting , O’Rourke Joanne , Ross Paul , Hashem Essam , Hubner Richard A. , Hockenhull Kimberley , Iwuji Chinenye , Khan Sam , Palmer Daniel H. , Connor Joanna , Swinson Daniel , Darby Suzanne , Braconi Chiara , Roques Tom , Yu Dominic , Luong Tu Vinh , Meyer Tim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly diagnosed using non-invasive radiological criteria (NIRC) defined by the European Association for the Study of the Liver or the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. In 2017, The National Institute for Clinical Excellence mandated histological confirmation of disease to authorise the use of sorafenib in the UK.

Methods
This was a prospective multicentre audit in which patients suitable for sorafenib were identified at multidisciplinary meetings. The primary analysis cohort (PAC) was defined by the presence of Child-Pugh class A liver disease and performance status 0–2. Clinical, radiological and histological data were reported locally and collected on a standardised case report form.

Results
Eleven centres reported 418 cases, of which 361 comprised the PAC. Overall, 76% had chronic liver disease and 66% were cirrhotic. The diagnostic imaging was computed tomography in 71%, magnetic resonance imaging in 27% and 2% had both. Pre-existing histology was available in 45 patients and 270 underwent a new biopsy, which confirmed HCC in 93.4%. Alternative histological diagnoses included cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and combined HCC-CC. In cirrhotic patients, NIRC criteria had a sensitivity of 65.4% and a positive predictive value of 91.4% to detect HCC. Two patients (0.7%) experienced mild post-biopsy bleeding.

Conclusion
The diagnostic biopsy is safe and feasible for most patients eligible for systemic therapy
Structure-based classification predicts drug response in EGFR-mutant NSCLC
Authors: Robichaux Jacqulyne P. , Le Xiuning , Vijayan R. S. K. , Hicks J. Kevin , Heeke Simon , Elamin Yasir Y. , Lin Heather Y. , Udagawa Hibiki , Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Tran Hai , Varghese Susan , He Junqin , Zhang Fahao , Nilsson Monique B. , Hu Lemei , Poteete Alissa , Rinsurongkawong Waree , Zhang Xiaoshan , Ren Chenghui , Liu Xiaoke , Hong Lingzhi , Zhang Jianjun , Diao Lixia , Madison Russell , Schrock Alexa B. , Saam Jennifer , Raymond Victoria , Fang Bingliang , Wang Jing , Ha Min Jin , Cross Jason B. , Gray Jhanelle E. , Heymach John V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations typically occur in exons 18–21 and are established driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)1–3. Targeted therapies are approved for patients with ‘classical’ mutations and a small number of other mutations4–6. However, effective therapies have not been identified for additional EGFR mutations. Furthermore, the frequency and effects of atypical EGFR mutations on drug sensitivity are unknown1,3,7–10. Here we characterize the mutational landscape in 16,715 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, and establish the structure–function relationship of EGFR mutations on drug sensitivity. We found that EGFR mutations can be separated into four distinct subgroups on the basis of sensitivity and structural changes that retrospectively predict patient outcomes following treatment with EGFR inhibitors better than traditional exon-based groups. Together, these data delineate a structure-based approach for defining functional groups of EGFR mutations that can effectively guide treatment and clinical trial choices for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and suggest that a structure–function-based approach may improve the prediction of drug sensitivity to targeted therapies in oncogenes with diverse mutations.
Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
Authors: Al-Affan Ihsan A. M. , Qutub Mohammad A. Z. , Hugtenburg Richard P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is an increased interest in determining the photon reflection coefficient for layered systems consisting of lead (Pb) and concrete. The generation of accurate reflection coefficient data has implications for many fields, especially radiation protection, industry, and radiotherapy room design. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the reflection coefficients of photons for various lead thicknesses covering the concrete. This new data for lead, layered over concrete, supports various applications, such as an improved design of the mazes used for radiotherapy rooms, which helps to reduce cost and space requirements. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to calculate photon reflection coefficients for a concrete wall with different energies. The reflection coefficient was also calculated for a concrete wall covered by varying thicknesses of lead to study the effect of lining this metal on the concrete wall. The concrete's reflection coefficient data were compared to internationally published data and showed that Monte Carlo calculations differed significantly from some of the extrapolated data. The absorbed dose of backscattered photons for various thicknesses of lead covering the ordinary concrete has been tabulated as a function of the reflection angle. Also, the reflection coefficient as a function of the Pb thicknesses covering the ordinary concrete has been figured to study the dose reduction factor. The generation of accurate data for reflection coefficients is vital for many fields, especially for radiation protection and radiotherapy room design. The new data have been presented for lead layered over concrete in various applications, such as an improvement in the design of the mazes used for radiotherapy rooms, thereby reducing the cost and space requirements. In addition, the Monte Carlo method enables calculating the energy distribution of reflected photons, and these were shown for a range of angles.
Visual/anatomical outcome of diabetic macular edema patients lost to follow-up for more than 1 year
Authors: Kim Ji Soo , Lee Seungheon , Kim Jin Young , Seo Eoi Jong , Chae Ju Byung , Kim Dong Yoon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo investigate the visual/anatomical outcome of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) for more than 1 year during intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. A retrospective review of 182 treatment-naïve DME patients was performed. Among them, we identified patients LTFU for more than 1 year during anti-VEGF treatment. Visual acuity and anatomic outcomes at the first visit, last visit before being LTFU, return visit, and after re-treatment were analyzed and compared with those of DME patients with regular follow-up. Patients who had continuous follow-up visits were assigned to the control group. Sixty patients (33%) with DME were LTFU for more than 1 year during anti-VEGF treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ratio of male (p = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (DM) duration less than 5 years (p = 0.015), and poor early anatomic response (p = 0.012) were higher compared to the control group. Eighteen patients returned to the clinic and received re-treatment. After re-treatment with anti-VEGF, central subfield thickness (CST) was significantly improved to the CST of before LTFU. However, visual acuity did not recover to the level before LTFU (0.63 ± 0.26 vs. 0.45 ± 0.28, p = 0.003). About thirty percent of DME patients were LTFU for more than 1 year. Permanent visual loss was observed in these LTFU patients. Patients with a high risk of LTFU such as male, early DM, and poor response after initial injections should be treated more aggressively to improve the visual outcomes.