bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Cord Clamping: Beliefs And Practices Of American Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Mercer Judith S. , Nelson Carlene C. , Skovgaard Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe optimal time for umbilical cord clamping after birth remains a critical unknown fact that has implications for the infant, the mother, and science. A national survey was conducted using a randomized sample (n = 303) of the active membership of the ACNM to determine cord clamping practices and beliefs of American nurse‐midwives. The response rate was 56%. The respondents fell into three cord clamping categories: early (EC) or before 1 minute (26%); intermediate (IC) or 1 to 3 minutes (35%); and late (LC) or after pulsations cease (33%). The EC group believes that early clamping facilitates management of the newborn. The IC group believes that a moderate delay of clamping allows for a gradual transition to extrauterine circulation, although many think that the timing of cord clamping is not significant. The LC group have strongly held beliefs that late clamping supports physiologic birth processes. The majority of CNMs (87%) place the baby on the mother's abdomen immediately after birth and 96% avoid clamping a nuchal cord whenever possible. Although Varney's Midwifery was cited most frequently as a reference, 78% of the respondents listed no references reflecting, in part, the absence of evidence‐based recommendations for cord clamping practices.
PLACENTAL TRIAGE OF THE SINGLETON PLACENTA
Authors: Schuler‐Maloney Doris 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTTriage is the sorting and allocation of treatment according to a system of priorities in order to maximize treatment. Placental triage promptly after delivery of the placenta, with documentation of the findings in the medical record, only takes a few minutes, and allows for the identification of abnormal placentas to be submitted for detailed gross and microscopic pathology examination. It requires familiarity with normal gross placental anatomy and variations of normal, and the development of a systematic procedure for comprehensive examination of the placental disk as a whole, the umbilical cord, the extraplacental membranes, the fetal surface, the maternal surface, and the parenchyma. This article provides a systematic approach to gross examination of the placenta. It also reviews the clinical and legal impact of placenta examination, and suggests procedures that will optimize the information available in the placenta.
Commissioning of optical surface imaging systems for cranial frameless stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Zhang Lei , Vijayan Sarath , Huang Sheng , Song Yulin , Li Tianfang , Li Xiang , Hipp Elizabeth , Chan Maria F. , Kuo Hsiang‐Chi , Tang Xiaoli , Tang Grace , Lim Seng Boh , Lovelock Dale Michael , Ballangrud Ase , Li Guang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate and compare different system calibration methods from a large cohort of systems to establish a commissioning procedure for surface‐guided frameless cranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with intrafractional motion monitoring and gating. Using optical surface imaging (OSI) to guide non‐coplanar SRS treatments, the determination of OSI couch‐angle dependency, baseline drift, and gated‐delivered‐dose equivalency are essential.MethodsEleven trained physicists evaluated 17 OSI systems at nine clinical centers within our institution. Three calibration methods were examined, including 1‐level (2D), 2‐level plate (3D) calibration for both surface image reconstruction and isocenter determination, and cube phantom calibration to assess OSI‐megavoltage (MV) isocenter concordance. After each calibration, a couch‐angle dependency error was measured as the maximum registration error within the couch rotation range. A head phantom was immobilized on the treatment couch and the isocenter was set in the middle of the brain, marked with the room lasers. An on‐site reference image was acquired at couch zero, the facial region of interest (ROI) was defined, and static verification images were captured every 10° for 0°–90° and 360°–270°. The baseline drift was assessed with real‐time monitoring of the motionless phantom over 20 min. The gated‐delivered‐dose equivalency was assessed using the electron portal imaging device and gamma test (1%/1mm) in reference to non‐gated delivery.ResultsThe maximum couch‐angle dependency error occurs in longitudinal and lateral directions and is reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 1‐level (1.3 ± 0.4 mm) to 2‐level (0.8 ± 0.3 mm) calibration. The MV cube calibration does not further reduce the couch‐angle dependency error (0.8 ± 0.2 mm) on average. The baseline drift error plateaus at 0.3 ± 0.1 mm after 10 min. The gated‐delivered‐dose equivalency has a >98% gamma‐test passing rate.ConclusionA commissioning method is recommended using the 3D plate calibration, which is verified by radiation isocenter and validated with couch‐angle dependency, baseline drift, and gated‐delivered‐dose equivalency tests. This method characterizes OSI uncertainties, ensuring motion‐monitoring accuracy for SRS treatments.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Arborisidine
Authors: Wang Feng‐Yuan , Jiao Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn asymmetric total synthesis of cage‐like indole alkaloid arborisidine is presented. The new synthetic strategy features a catalytic parallel kinetic resolution based on ambident nucleophilicity (C3/N) of indole to set the absolute configurations of the two quaternary chiral centers, and a 5‐exo‐trig radical cyclization to form the bridged nitrogen‐containing five‐membered ring.
High Pressure In Situ Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction Reveals Turnstile Linker Rotation Upon Room‐Temperature Stepped Uptake of Alkanes
Authors: van Heerden Dewald P. , Smith Vincent J. , Aggarwal Himanshu , Barbour Leonard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rare availability of suitable single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) structural data allows for the direct interpretation of the response of a framework to gas sorption and may lead to the development of improved functional porous materials. We report an in situ SCXRD structural investigation of a flexible MOF subjected to methane, ethane, propane, and butane gas pressures. Supporting theoretical investigations indicate weak host–guest interactions for the crystallographically modelled gaseous guests and, in addition, reveal that a turnstile mechanism facilitates the transport of alkanes through the seemingly nonporous system. Inflections present in the adsorption isotherms are furthermore rationalized as due to gate‐opening, but without the expected creation of new accessible space.
An Electrically Conducting Three‐Dimensional Iron–Catecholate Porous Framework
Authors: Mähringer Andre , Döblinger Markus , Hennemann Matthias , Gruber Christoph , Fehn Dominik , Scheurle Patricia I. , Hosseini Pouya , Santourian Irina , Schirmacher Alfred , Rotter Julian M. , Wittstock Gunther , Meyer Karsten , Clark Timothy , Bein Thomas , Medina Dana D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a unique cubic metal–organic framework (MOF), Fe‐HHTP‐MOF, comprising hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) supertetrahedral units and FeIII ions, arranged in a diamond topology. The MOF is synthesized under solvothermal conditions, yielding a highly crystalline, deep black powder, with crystallites of 300–500 nm size and tetrahedral morphology. Nitrogen sorption analysis indicates a highly porous material with a surface area exceeding 1400 m2 g−1. Furthermore, Fe‐HHTP‐MOF shows broadband absorption from 475 up to 1900 nm with excellent absorption capability of 98.5 % of the incoming light over the visible spectral region. Electrical conductivity measurements of pressed pellets reveal a high intrinsic electrical conductivity of up to 10−3 S cm−1. Quantum mechanical calculations predict Fe‐HHTP‐MOF to be an efficient electron conductor, exhibiting continuous charge‐carrier pathways throughout the structure.
Cyclotetrabenzoin Acetate: A Macrocyclic Porous Molecular Crystal for CO2 Separations by Pressure Swing Adsorption**
Authors: Wang Yao‐Ting , McHale Corie , Wang Xiqu , Chang Chung‐Kai , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Miljanić Ognjen Š. , Chen Teng‐Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA porous molecular crystal (PMC) assembled by macrocyclic cyclotetrabenzoin acetate is an efficient adsorbent for CO2 separations. The 7.1×7.1 Å square pore of PMC and its ester C=O groups play important roles in improving its affinity for CO2 molecules. The benzene walls of macrocycle engage in an apparent [π⋅⋅⋅π] interaction with the molecule of CO2 at low pressure. In addition, the polar carbonyl groups pointing inward the square channels reduce the size of aperture to a 5.0×5.0 Å square, which offers kinetic selectivity for CO2 capture. The PMC features water tolerance and high structural stability under vacuum and various gas adsorption conditions, which are rare among intrinsically porous organic molecules. Most importantly, the moderate adsorbate‐adsorbent interaction allows the PMC to be readily regenerated, and therefore applied to pressure swing adsorption processes. The eluted N2 and CH4 are obtained with over 99.9 % and 99.8 % purity, respectively, and the separation performance is stable for 30 cycles. Coupled with its easy synthesis, cyclotetrabenzoin acetate is a promising adsorbent for CO2 separations from flue and natural gases.
Stereoselective Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Aldol Reactions of Disubstituted Silyl Enol Ethers of Aldehydes with Acetals
Authors: Wang Peter‐Yong , Massad Itai , Marek Ilan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFacile and modular access to stereodefined disubstituted aldehyde‐derived silyl enol ethers allowed their successful application in a stereoselective aldol reaction affording the products with excellent yields and diastereomeric ratios. The counter‐intuitive stereochemical behavior of this Mukaiyama‐aldol reaction is accounted for by a non‐classical open transition state.
A Low‐Strain Potassium‐Rich Prussian Blue Analogue Cathode for High Power Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Hu Zhe , Lu Yong , Wang Chenchen , Zhang Qiu , Zhao Shuo , Peng Jian , Zhang Kai , Chou Shu‐Lei , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost of the cathode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) suffer from poor structural stability due to the large ionic radius of K+, resulting in poor cycling stability. Here we report a low‐strain potassium‐rich K1.84Ni[Fe(CN)6]0.88⋅0.49 H2O (KNiHCF) as a cathode material for PIBs. The as‐prepared KNiHCF cathode can deliver reversible discharge capacity of 62.8 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, with a high discharge voltage of 3.82 V. It can also achieve a superior rate performance of 45.8 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1, with a capacity retention of 88.6 % after 100 cycles. The superior performance of KNiHCF cathode results from low‐strain de‐/intercalation mechanism, intrinsic semiconductor property and low potassium diffusion energy barrier. The high power density and long‐term stability of KNiHCF//graphite full cell confirmed the feasibility of K‐rich KNiHCF cathode in PIBs. This work provides guidance to develop Prussian blue analogues as cathode materials for PIBs.
Awake tracheal intubation with the ProVu™ video stylet: a case series*
Authors: Harrison S‐L. , Ahmad I. , Elwen F. , Curtis A. , Dua G. , Surda P. , Johnstone C. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryManagement of the difficult airway is integral to peri‐operative practice. The development of devices to simplify airway handling are changing our approach to tracheal intubation. We report a case series of three patients who underwent awake tracheal intubation with the ProVu™ video stylet (Flexicare Medical Ltd, Mountain Ash, UK). All three patients had predicted difficult airways, including: limited mouth opening secondary to radiotherapy; previous exenteration, hemi‐maxillectomy and scapular free flap formation; and cervical fixation. Awake tracheal intubation was performed successfully in all three cases, with no complications reported. This is the first reported case series of the ProVu™ video stylet as an awake tracheal intubation device. The benefits and limitations of this video stylet are discussed.
A Two‐dimensional Amorphous Plasmonic Heterostructure of Pd/MoO3‐x for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Liu Wei , Tian Qingyong , Yang Jian , Zhou Yannan , Chang Hongwei , Cui Wenhui , Xu Qun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) heterostructures based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have a great potential for solar energy harvesting applications. Exploring 2D amorphous plasmonic heterostructures with high light absorption and catalytic activity is desirable yet challenging. Herein, 2D Pd/MoO3‐x amorphous heterostructures can be obtained by immobilizing Pd single atoms in unsaturated coordination sites of amorphous MoO3‐x, because of strong metal‐support interactions, and it reaches a current density of 50 μA cm−2 for photoelectrochemical response with good durability, and exhibits a high incident‐photon‐to‐current‐conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 14.8% at 460 nm. Such an enhanced catalytic effects are contributed to the enhanced light absorption in visible region and change of electronic structure owing to enhanced electron transfer through dominant Pd−O bonds, which facilitate water splitting. This work moves a step closer to the expansion of photovoltaic device with the high conversion efficiency for visible light for amorphous heterostructures.
Relative contributions of environmental factors on different time scales to tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern North Pacific
Authors: Cao Xi , Wu Renguang , Feng Juan , Zhang Xiping , Dai Yifeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates relative contributions of large‐scale environmental factors on interannual, intraseasonal, and synoptic time scales to tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the eastern North Pacific (ENP) during TC seasons of 1979–2013 from the perspective of TC genesis time and position. Conditional sorting displays that the synoptic component is more important in the contribution of lower‐level vorticity and mid‐level specific humidity to TC genesis compared to interannual and intraseasonal components. The convection contributes to TC genesis mainly through synoptic and intraseasonal components. Synoptic‐scale tropical disturbances mainly obtain barotropic eddy energy from climatological mean flows. TCs appear most frequently when vertical wind shear anomalies are between 0 and 3 m s−1, in which interannual and intraseasonal westerly wind anomalies make a positive contribution due to climatological easterly wind shear. When total SST exceeds 28°C, the interannual component of sea surface temperature (SST) is positive, and then it has a positive contribution to TC genesis. In addition, there are notable differences of relative contributions of different time scale components of large‐scale factors among the ENP, northern Atlantic Ocean, and western North Pacific.
Limited surface examination to evaluate potential teratogens in a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Nasri Hanah Z. , Hunt Anne‐Therese , Zash Rebecca , Shapiro Roger L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the frequency of malformations that would be identified in the limited surface examination of a newborn by the delivering nurse midwife in a resource‐limited setting.MethodsThe limited surface examination will identify visible external anomalies, but not abnormalities inside the mouth, most heart defects, undescended testes, inguinal hernias, hip dysplasia, peripheral vascular anomalies, and some internal anomalies. The findings in a malformations surveillance program, involving 289,365 births in Boston, have been used to establish the prevalence rate of malformations that would be identified and not identified. In African countries, the number of anomalies to be identified should also be reduced by excluding polydactyly, postaxial, type B, a common minor finding, from the list of potential malformations.ResultsOf note, 2.05% (n = 5,941) of the 289,365 births surveyed had one or more malformations. The abnormalities that would have been missed, using surface exam alone, accounted for 0.5% of all of malformations identified and reduced the overall prevalence rate of malformations to 1.5%. In addition, excluding all infants with isolated postaxial polydactyly, type B reduced the expected prevalence rate of malformations to 1.3% in unexposed newborn infants.ConclusionA limited surface examination can detect the majority of malformations among newborn infants.
The rehabilitation of verbal operants following acquired brain injury
Authors: Magat Kimberly A. , Heinicke Megan R. , Buckley Dani L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough verbal deficits are major concerns for individuals following an acquired brain injury (ABI), behavior‐analytic research on language training in neurorehabilitation settings is extremely limited. The purpose of the current study was to systematically replicate the work of Sundberg et al. (1990) in which the authors evaluated the acquisition and functional interdependence of verbal operants for adults following ABI. We used slightly modified procedures (e.g., inclusion of high preference activities, progressive prompt delay) and compared acquisition rates of tacts, mands, and intraverbals with three adult ABI survivors. We also assessed if directly training one verbal operant led to the emergence of untrained, topographically similar verbal operants. Contrary to Sundberg et al., we found mand training was successful for all participants and led to the greatest amount of transfer under tact conditions, and we offer potential explanations for our differing results.
Mismatch detection in homologous strand exchange amplified by hydrophobic effects
Authors: Nordén Bengt , Brown Tom , Feng Bobo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn contrast to DNA replication and transcription where nucleotides are added and matched one by one, homologous recombination by DNA strand exchange tests whole sequences for complementarity, which requires elimination of mismatched yet thermodynamically stable intermediates. To understand the remarkable sequence specificity of homologous recombination, we have studied strand exchange between a 20‐mer duplex containing one single mismatch (placed at varied positions) with the matching single strand in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) representing a semi‐hydrophobic environment. A FRET‐based assay shows that rates and yields of strand exchange from mismatched to matched strands rapidly increase with semi‐hydrophobic co‐solute concentration, contrasting previously observed general strand exchange accelerating effect of ethyl glycol ethers. We argue that this effect is not caused simply by DNA melting or solvent‐induced changes of DNA conformation but is more complex involving several mechanisms. The catalytic effects, we propose, involve strand invasion facilitated by reduced duplex stability due to weakened base stacking (“longitudinal breathing”). Secondly, decreased water activity makes base‐pair hydrogen bonds stronger, increasing the relative energy penalty per mismatch. Finally, unstacked mismatched bases (gaps) are stabilized through partly intercalated hydrophobic co‐solvent molecules, assisting nucleation of strand invasion at the point of mismatch. We speculate that nature long ago discovered, and now exploits in various enzymes, that sequence recognition power of nucleic acids may be modulated in a hydrophobic environment.
Comparison of the investigational device exemption and post‐approval trials of the Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve
Authors: Kreutzer Jacqueline , Armstrong Aimee K. , Rome Jonathan J. , Zellers Thomas M. , Balzer David T. , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Cabalka Allison K. , Javois Alexander J. , Turner Daniel R. , Gray Robert G. , Moore John W. , Weng Shicheng , Jones Thomas K. , Khan Danyal M. , Vincent Julie A. , Hellenbrand William E. , Cheatham John P. , Bergersen Lisa J. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe compared 5‐year outcomes of transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) replacement with the Melody TPV in the post‐approval study (PAS) and the investigational device exemption (IDE) trial.BackgroundAs a condition of approval of the Melody TPV after the IDE trial, the Food and Drug Administration required that a PAS be conducted to evaluate outcomes of TPV replacement in a “real‐world” environment. The 5‐year outcomes of the PAS have not been published, and the IDE and PAS trials have not been compared.MethodsThe cohorts comprised all patients catheterized and implanted at 5 IDE sites and 10 PAS sites. Differences in trial protocols were detailed. Time‐related outcomes and valve‐related adverse events were compared between the two trials with Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank testing.Results167 patients (median age, 19 years) were catheterized and 150 underwent TPV replacement in the IDE trial; 121 were catheterized (median age, 17 years) and 100 implanted in the PAS. Freedom from hemodynamic dysfunction (p = .61) or any reintervention (p = .74) over time did not differ between trials. Freedom from stent fracture (p = .003) and transcatheter reintervention (p = .010) were longer in PAS, whereas freedom from explant (p = .020) and TPV endocarditis (p = .007) were shorter. Clinically important adverse events (AEs) were reported in 14% of PAS and 7.2% of IDE patients (p = .056); the incidence of any particular event was low in both.ConclusionsHemodynamic and time‐related outcomes in the PAS and IDE trials were generally similar, confirming the effectiveness of the Melody TPV with real‐world providers. There were few significant complications and limited power to identify important differences in AEs. The lack of major differences in outcomes between the two studies questions the usefulness of mandated costly post‐approval studies as part of the regulatory process for Class III medical devices.
Modified BLUE protocol ultrasonography can diagnose thrombotic complications of COVID‐19 with normal lung ultrasound
Authors: Zaalouk Tamer Mohamed , Bitar Zouheir Ibrahim , Maadarani Ossama Sajeh , Ragab Elshabasy Ragab Desouky 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe BLUE protocol provides an excellent step‐by‐step approach for diagnosis of acute dyspnea. Adding FECHO (Focused Echocardiography) to the BLUE protocol completes the picture and helps make solid diagnoses, especially in submassive and massive PE (Pulmonary embolism). COVID‐19 infection can present with thrombotic manifestations like DVT (Deep vein thrombosis) and PE with no ultrasonographic evidence of lung parenchymal affection.
Aortic valve replacement in a patient with sickle cell disease—Are we justified to perform surgery in the TAVI era?
Authors: Ravishankar Ramanish , Turkistani Leenah , Elghoneimy Yasser , Manoly Imthiaz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNot all variants of SCD need the same management and this should be decided on a case‐by‐case basis. Heterozygous SCD patients can undergo cardiac surgery without the need for intraoperative exchange transfusions with good clinical outcomes.