bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After Habitat Changed, Evaluation For Genetic Diversity And Secondary Metabolic Changes of Cultivated And Wild Populations of Medicinal Plants
Authors: Li Yulong , Zhao Wei , Zuo Xianghua , Ni Biao , You Jian , Xing Ming , Du Yingda , Liu Chen , Chen Xia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: With the increasing use of traditional herbal medicine, the issue of the genetic diversity of medicinal plants has received considerable critical attention. A high degree of genetic diversity is the basis for maintaining the stability and long-term survival of the population, so the changes in genetic diversity and genetic structure of cultivated medicinal plants caused by habitat changes can not be ignored; Meanwhile, the difference of secondary metabolism of medicinal plants caused by habitat change is also deserving of attention simultaneously. And It is also worth pondering whether the changes between them are consistent. Results: In this study, the wild and cultivated populations of Polygonatum odoratum, Dioscorea nipponica and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus were selected as the research objects. and the genetic structure and HPLC fingerprint between wild and cultivated populations were compared and analyzed by using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) marker and HPLC . The results demonstrated that the wild and cultivated populations of the three medicinal plants maintained higher genetic diversity, however, the genetic structure of wild populations of P.odoratum and D.nipponica is more similar. In addition, there was a great genetic differentiation between P.odoratum and D.nipponica populations. There were significant differences in HPLC fingerprints among different populations, in which the secondary metabolites of wild populations were more complex, nevertheless, there was less difference in HPLC fingerprints between wild and cultivated populations of P.odoratum and D.nipponica. Spearman correlation analysis implied that environmental factors (including soil environmental factors, rainfall, temperature) had significant effects on the secondary metabolites of the three medicinal plants, whereas, soil environmental factors had less effect on the genetic structure of the three medicinal plants. Conclusion: In conclusion, during the cultivation years, environmental factors only have a significant effect on the secondary metabolism of the three medicinal plants, their populations still maintain higher genetic diversity and stable genetic structure, what’s more, the secondary metabolites of the same medicinal plants with stable and similar genetic structure may still be different from each other when the habitat is changed. It indicated that there is no obvious consistency between them during the cultivation years.
Implementation and Scale Up of Tobacco Cessation Within TB Programmes: Findings from a Multi-Country, Mixed-Methods Implementation Study
Authors: Elsey Helen , Azdi Zunayed Al , Regmi Shophika , Baral Sushil , Fatima Razia , Feroze Fariza , Huque Rumana , Karki Jiban , Khan Dost Mohammad , Khan Amina , Khan Zohaib , Li Jinshuo , Noor Maryam , Arjyal Abriti , Shrestha Prabin , Ullah Safat , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Brief behavioural support can effectively help TB patients to quit smoking and improve their outcomes. In collaboration with TB programmes in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, we evaluated implementation and scale-up of cessation support using four strategies: i) brief tobacco cessation intervention ii) integration of tobacco cessation within routine training iii) inclusion of tobacco indicators in routine records and iv) embedding research within TB programmes.Methods: We used mixed methods of observation, interviews and routine data within WHO’s ExpandNet framework for scale-up. We aimed to understand the extent of, and strategies which facilitated vertical scale-up (institutionalisation) within 59 health facility learning sites in Pakistan, 18 in Nepal and 15 in Bangladesh and horizontal scale-up (increased coverage beyond learning sites). We observed training and surveyed 169 TB health workers to measure changes in their confidence to deliver cessation. Routine TB data from the learning sites was analysed to assess delivery of the intervention and use of TB forms revised to report smoking status and cessation support provided. A purposive sample of TB health workers, managers and policymakers were interviewed (Bangladesh: n=12; Nepal n=13; Pakistan n=19;). Costs of scale-up were estimated using activity-based cost-analysis. Results: Routine data indicated health workers in learning sites asked all TB patients about tobacco use and offered them cessation support. Qualitative data showed use of intervention materials, often with adaptation and partial implementation in busy clinics. Short (1-2 hours) training integrated within existing programmes increased mean confidence to deliver cessation by 17% (95% CI: 14% to 20%). A focus on health system changes (reporting, training, supervision) facilitated vertical scale-up. Dissemination of materials beyond learning sites and changes to national reporting forms and training indicated horizontal scale-up. Embedding research within TB health systems was crucial for horizontal scale-up and required dynamic use of tactics e.g. alliance-building, engagement in wider policy process, use of insider-researchers, and deep understanding of health system actors and processes. Conclusions: System-level changes within TB programmes may enable routine delivery of cessation support to TB patients. These strategies are inexpensive and, with concerted efforts from TB programmes and donors, tobacco cessation can be institutionalised at-scale.
Effects of ACE2 and Co-factors on the Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Shuwei , Chen Silu , Zhu Qiuyuan , Ben Shuai , Gao Fang , Xin Junyi , Du Mulong , Chu Haiyan , Gu Dongying , Zhang Zhengdong , Wang Meilin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The infection of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by ACE2 and its co-factors, including TMPRSS2 and FURIN. Patients with cancer are highly susceptible to COVID-19 and exhibit a higher risk of severe progression. However, the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection on colorectal cancer prognosis is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of key genes related to SARS-CoV-2 in colorectal cancer.Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), proteomics and single-cell RNA-Seq were used to profile the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in colorectal cancer. A pseudovirus was used to transfect colon cells to compare the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 between different cell types. The TIMER database was used to analyze the association of candidate genes with immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. Cox regression model was performed to evaluate genetic effects of ACE2 on colorectal cancer prognosis.Results: ACE2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues, while TMPRSS2 and FURIN were downregulated. Increased ACE2 expression was significantly associated with a decreased tumor mutational burden. Furthermore, ACE2 promoted the SARS-CoV-2 infection in colon cancer cells than that in normal colon epithelial cells, as well as that ACE2 could affected the immune infiltration level and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, individuals with genetic variants in ACE2 exhibited poor overall survival of colorectal cancer.Conclusions: These results are the first time to identify that ACE2 and its co-factors are associated with the infection and survival of colorectal cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2. Our findings would be helpful for extending the mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection among colorectal cancer.
Role of Plasma Proteomics in Predicting the Prognosis of Older Adult Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Cai Yulun , Hao Benchuan , Chen Jianqiao , Li Yuerui , Liu Hongbin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a newly proposed concept and is hallmarked by more long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), calling for accurate prognostic biomarkers for initial risk stratification.Methods: Data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (DIA LC-MS/MS) quantitative proteomics was performed on 38 patients with CCS; 19 in the CCS events group and 19 in the non-events group as the controls. We also developed a machine-learning-based pipeline to identify proteins as potential biomarkers and validated the target proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an independent prospective cohort (n = 352).Results: Fifty-seven differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics and three final biomarkers were preliminarily selected from the machine-learning-based pipeline. Further validation with the prospective cohort showed that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels at admission were significantly higher in the CCS events group than they were in the non-events group, whereas the carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2) level was similar in the two groups. A correlation analysis showed that CETP was positively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, and EPCR was positively related to fibrinogen. In the Cox survival analysis, EPCR and CETP were independent risk factors for MACEs. The cumulative risk duration of patients with high EPCR and CETP levels was significantly shorter than that of patients with low EPCR and CETP levels. We constructed a new prognostic model by combining the Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk model with EPCR and CETP levels. This new model significantly improved the C-statistics for MACE prediction compared with that of the Framingham CHD risk model alone (AUC 0.732 vs. 0.684, p<0.05).Conclusions: Plasma proteomics was used to find biomarkers of predicting MACEs in patients with CCS. EPCR and CETP were identified as promising prognostic biomarkers for CCS. The Framingham CHD risk model combined with EPCR and CETP levels was shown to be a high-performance prognostic model for CCS.
Evaluating Implementation Contexts, Mechanisms, and Outcomes: A Normalization Process Theory Coding Manual for Qualitative Research and Instrument Development
Authors: May Carl , Albers Bianca , Bracher Mike , Finch Tracy L , Gilbert Anthony , Girling Melissa , Greenwood Kathryn , MacFarlane Anne , Mair Frances , May Christine M , Murray Elizabeth , Potthoff Sebastian , Rapley Tim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Qualitative studies, especially those conducted by teams of researchers, may benefit from clearly structured, parsimonious, coding manuals. The process of creating rigorous and robust coding manuals for individual studies is rarely described, and generalizable coding manuals are rare. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) provides conceptual tools to facilitate understanding of the dynamics of adoption, implementation, and sustainment of socio-technical and organizational innovations. As a widely used theory, a generalizable coding manual would be of utility to implementation researchersObjectives. To make the application of NPT simple for the user, to describe the development of a coding manual for qualitative content analytic studies using NPT, and present this for wider use.Method. Concept Selection and Structuring. Qualitative Content Analysis of selected published papers and interview transcripts. Results. All identifiable theoretical concepts (n=149) embedded in papers and chapters that developed NPT between 2006 and 2020 were identified and extracted from their texts. Overlapping, ambiguous, and duplicate versions of concepts were eliminated, as were concepts derived from other theories. This left 38 core concept definitions. These were piloted in coding of qualitative transcripts collected in two implementation studies, and by collaboratively coding papers collected for a systematic review of implementation studies. At the end of this process, a further process of elimination of overlapping or ambiguous concepts was undertaken leaving 12 primary NPT concepts. Conclusion. The process of coding manual resulted in the presentation of NPT concepts according to the Context-Mechanism-Outcomes configuration of realist evaluation research. A coding manual for NPT that is in accordance with realistic evaluation research was successfully produced and is now freely available to researchers who wish to use NPT in primary and secondary research that employs qualitative methods.
Establishment and Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Response Model Based on Gene Expression Value
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Li Guoyin , Tang Xiyang , Zhou Yongsheng , Zheng Kaifu , Luo Zhonglin , Zhang Xiao , Xiong Yanlu , Feng Yangbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In the past 10 years, the identification of new mutant genes involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma and the discovery of key immune checkpoints have promoted the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. There is no doubt that an important breakthrough has been made in the treatment of advanced or metastatic melanoma. However, the treatment of melanoma also faces many challenges. In addition to resistance to existing targeted therapies or immunotherapy, most patients do not respond to immunotherapy or have serious adverse reactions. At present, the value of existing biomarkers to predict treatment response and toxicity is still limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a convenient and reliable immunotherapy response prediction model in order to preliminarily clarify the population benefiting from immunotherapy.Results: We established a predictive model based on the expression values of five genes for patients with melanoma with an anti-PD1 immunotherapy response score. This model showed better predictive ability compared with other common immunotherapy predictors. Differences were found in the number of immune cells and the expression of common immune checkpoint genes between the high- and low-score groups. The model played a pivotal role in predicting renal cell carcinoma anti-PD1 immunotherapy response. Conclusions: The anti-PD1 immunotherapy response score prediction model for patients with melanoma showed good predictive power, thus having far-reaching significance for identifying people who benefited from anti-PD1 immunotherapy and reducing the potential toxicity of insensitive patients.
Isolated Donor site Tumour Recurrence at Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chandrapattan Prathamesh , Panda Sangram Keshari , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar , Khadanga Chira , Agrawala Sunil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Pectoralis Major MyoCutaneous (PMMC) flap has been commonly used since decades for plastic reconstruction in oral cavity cancer surgery. However, rarely the PMMC donor site develops tumor recurrence. Management includes surgical resection in unifocal lesion or salvage radical chemoradiotherapy in clinico-radiologically nonmetastatic unresectable disease which results in satisfactory tumor related outcomes.Case presentation: A 46 year gentleman known case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma left Retromolar Trigone after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy presented with isolated recurrence at PMMC flap donor vascular pedicle site which was abutting left subclavian vein and so was managed with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy with curative intent and is on follow up since 2 years with no evidence of recurrence.Conclusions: Isolated PMMC flap donor site recurrence in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma management is complex, with surgical intervention with excision of such lesions in absence of any other deposits is preferable approach. Concurrent CTRT is an alternative option in curative intent when the lesion is not surgically resectable or the patient refuses surgery.
Genes Associated with Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Wang , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the foremost common malignant liver malady within the world. In any case, the unthinking relationship between each quality and the signaling pathway remains vague. In this think about, we pointed to explain the potential center candidate genes and pathways for HCC. Methods: The GSE41804, GSE62232 and GSE65372 expression profiles cover 139 tumors and 46 non tumors and can be downloaded from the Gene Expression Integrated Database (GEO). Furthermore, we also downloaded the RNA arrangement information set of liver cancer from the cancer genome map (TCGA) database. Then use the online database David 6.8 The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomic Pathways. The protein-protein interaction organized complexes of these Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were developed by utilizing cytokeratin program, atomic complex discovery plug-in and online database STRING. Results: To begin with, we identified 84 abnormally expressed genes (39 upregulation genes and 45 downregulation genes) that were abnormally expressed in both the Earth synthetic orbit and the TCGA dataset. In expansion, 10 center qualities were recognized: CCNB1, CCNA2, NCAPG, AURKA, ASPM, TOP2A, DLGAP5, NUSAP1, NUF2 and RACGAP1. At long last, the by and large survival examination and relationship examination were performed for these qualities. Conclusions: These discoveries recommend that center qualities and pathways recognized through bioinformatics examination can incredibly enhance our understanding of HCC improvement and repeat. In expansion, these candidate qualities and pathways may be restorative targets for HCC treatment.
Comparing The Clinical Sequels of Trans-Photorefractive Keratectomy And Photorefractive Keratectomy In Correction of Moderate Myopia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nassiri Nader , Shahriari Mansoor , Azemati Mansoor , rezaeyeh Arvin Porkar , Azemati Ali , Alam Zahra Rezaee 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Trans- photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) technique using the Amaris laser is an alternative and modified method for PRK in correction of mild to moderate myopia. We assessed and compare the clinical sequels of the two techniques. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 consecutive suffering moderate grades of myopia patients referred to Vanak Ophthalmology Clinic in 2020. The patients were randomly assigned to operate as both eyes of one patient by tPRK method (using Wong baker scale) and both eyes of another patient were by PRK method. Results: The change in patients' vision (UCVA, BCVA) in one and three months of follow-up in both groups was significant compared to preoperative values, but the rate of vision improvement was significantly better than before surgery in the tPRK group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of average refraction score, except for the sphere difference in one month follow-up. The mean Spherical Equivalent change in the PRK group in the one-month follow-up was 1.68 ± 1.00 and in the opposite group was 4.12 ± 0.92, indicating a better improvement in the tPRK group. There was less haziness in patients in the tPRK group than those in the PRK group. The patients undergoing tPRK experienced significantly less pain than another group. There is no difference between the two groups after surgery regarding intraocular pressure. Conclusion: The results of our study showed the superiority of the tPRK method over the PRK in correcting mild to moderate myopia
Oral delivery of Lactobacillus paracasei via microcapsule modulates gut health and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Gyawali Ishwari , Zhou Guilian , Xu Guli , Zeng Yuxian , Li Jincheng , Zhou Jingjing , Jiang Qingyan , Shu Gang , Zhu Canjun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:

The beneficial impact of probiotics on host health is impaired due to the significant loss of survivability during gastric transit, small intestinal enzymes, and bile acids. Encapsulation helps to preserve the probiotics species from severe environmental factors. This study investigated the effects of oral delivery of probiotics via microcapsule on different parameters of gut health.
Methods:

Lactobacillus paracasei, highly sensitive probiotic species to gastric acid, was encapsulated with novel encapsulating material, polyacrylate resin, to get a microcapsule. C57BL/6 male mice were equally divided into three groups; supplementing basal feed, a mixture of encapsulating material and Lactobacillus paracasei, and encapsulated Lactobacillus paracasei (microcapsule) for four weeks. Fecal moisture percentage was measured regularly, which was elevated in the encapsulated group, but not in the mixed group. Based on this data, mice from control and encapsulated groups were sacrificed to study the different parameters of gut health.
Results:

Compared to control, encapsulated probiotics increased villi height, the ratio of villi height to crypt depth, and decreased crypt depth. Simultaneously, the tight junction proteins were upregulated on encapsulated group showing enhancement of intestinal barrier functions. The level of SigA and mucin increased along with gene expression of MUC-2 but, albumin level was decreased. In addition, we found a rise in the relative gene expression of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) and decreased pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). Meanwhile, microbiota metabolites, fecal LPS and TMAO were downregulated while SCFA and lactate were upraised compared to control. Furthermore, GSH-Px and TAOC level were increased and MDA was decreased. Microbiota analysis revealed the proportion of firmicutes was higher at the phylum level on an encapsulated group, while Lactobacillus was elevated at the genus level. We also found a remarkable increase in the population of Lactobacillus murinus at the species level. In summary, the oral delivery of probiotics via microcapsule effectively improves the animals' gut health by improving morphology, barrier function, anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant ability and modulating gut microbiota.