bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic scores differentially predict developmental trajectories of subtypes of social withdrawal in childhood
Authors: Morneau‐Vaillancourt Geneviève , Andlauer Till F. M. , Ouellet‐Morin Isabelle , Paquin Stéphane , Brendgen Mara R. , Vitaro Frank , Gouin Jean‐Philippe , Séguin Jean R. , Gagnon Éloi , Cheesman Rosa , Forget‐Dubois Nadine , Rouleau Guy A. , Turecki Gustavo , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildren who consistently withdraw from social situations face increased risk for later socioemotional difficulties. Twin studies indicate that genetic factors substantially account for the persistence of social withdrawal over time. However, the molecular genetic etiology of chronic courses of social wariness and preference for solitude, two dimensions of social withdrawal, remains undocumented. The objectives of the present study were (a) to identify high‐risk trajectories for social wariness and preference for solitude in childhood and (b) to examine whether falling on these high‐risk trajectories can be predicted by specific polygenic scores for mental health traits and disorders and by a general polygenic predisposition to these traits.MethodsTeachers evaluated 971 genotyped children at five occasions (age 6 to 12 years) from two prospective longitudinal studies, the Quebec Newborn Twin Study and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Developmental trajectories for social wariness and preference for solitude were identified. We tested whether polygenic scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, depression, loneliness, and subjective well‐being, as well as a general mental health genetic risk score derived across these traits, were associated with the developmental trajectories.ResultsPolygenic scores differentially predicted social wariness and preference for solitude. Only the loneliness polygenic score significantly predicted the high trajectory for social wariness. By contrast, the general mental health genetic risk score factor was associated with the trajectory depicting high‐chronic preference for solitude.ConclusionsDistinct associations were uncovered between the polygenic scores, social wariness, and preference for solitude.
Capitalist agriculture, COVID‐19 and agrarian labour relations in Punjab, India
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the state of Punjab, the heart of the green revolution in India, a large fraction of agricultural labour is expended by migrant workers. The unplanned lockdown imposed by the Indian government affected paddy transplantation, a labour‐intensive activity in Punjab primarily due to interstate restrictions on movement. Drawing on a primary survey in a village from the Malwa region of Punjab, the paper examines the changes in agrarian relations in rural Punjab due to the Covid‐19 pandemic by critically analysing the dynamics of capital labour relations. The restriction on labour movement and unilateral imposition of transplantation wage rates by a few Panchayats in Punjab (dominated by capitalist landlords and rich peasants) has intensified class conflict in the state. The Punjab government's policies, which are driven by the capitalist landlords and rich peasants, have played a significant role in the increased exploitation of workers. The paper concludes with a brief evaluation of the changes induced by Covid‐19 in the agrarian political economy of Punjab.
Did COVID‐19 change life insurance offerings?
Authors: Harris Timothy F. , Yelowitz Aaron , Courtemanche Charles 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe profitability of life insurance offerings is contingent on accurate projections and pricing of mortality risk. The COVID‐19 pandemic created significant uncertainty, with dire mortality predictions from early forecasts resulting in widespread government intervention and greater individual precaution that reduced the projected death toll. We analyze how life insurance companies changed pricing and offerings in response to COVID‐19 using monthly data on term life insurance policies from Compulife. We estimate event‐study models that exploit well‐established variation in the COVID‐19 mortality rate based on age and underlying health status. Despite the increase in mortality risk and significant uncertainty, the results generally indicate that life insurance companies did not increase premiums or decrease policy offerings due to COVID‐19. Nonetheless, we find some evidence that premiums differentially increased for individuals with very high risk and that some policies were removed for the oldest of the old.
Beyond “Watching the Sweets”: An interpretive description of adolescent's understandings and insights into preventing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill , Mcharo Solomon K. , Hyslop Shannon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore adolescents' experiences and knowledge of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and identify appropriate T2D education and prevention interventions for this population.Design and MethodsThis interpretive description study was conducted at two urban high schools in midwestern Canada. Participants had been previously screened and considered at high risk for T2D, prediabetes, or as having T2D. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted with twelve adolescents between the age of 14–19 years meeting these criteria. Thematic analysis was completed using interview transcripts.ResultsThemes and subthemes identified included (1) Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Too Many Sweets (Mostly Diet but Insulin Does Play a Role, and A Serious but Common Disease); (2) Who Holds the Power? (Personal Responsibility for Health, Family as Role Models, and Community Connections); and (3) Bringing Home the Message (Our Considerations for Schools, I need the Expert's Support, and Using Technology to Get the Points Across).Practice ImplicationsFindings from this study provide target areas for education and prevention interventions and approaches for working with adolescents surrounding prediabetes and T2D that may be effective.
Biafran postage stamps (1967–1970) and the rhetoric of sovereign promise
Authors: Inyang Etiido Effiongwilliam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Biafran postage stamps in the Nigerian civil war years present a trove of iconic imageries constructed by the urgency to play a role in the international politics of image production, meaning construction and consumption. These images amplified the campaign for self‐determination and created a sense of nationalism for the seceding nation. The iconographic analysis is used to examine select stamps, considered as transmitters of collective vagaries of national aspirations. Within this focus, historical and nationalistic narratives peculiar to the Nigerian/Biafran experience form a unique basis for the discourse and interpretation of nationalism set within the perspective of interchanging symbolisms and identity within the Nigerian state. The purpose here is to explain the iconic content and textual messages of the stamps or sets of stamps issued by the defunct Republic of Biafra and the ideology of identity and self‐determination that it has activated among the different ethnicities in the Nigerian nation‐state.
Thomas Reid on Promises and Social Operations of the Human Mind
Authors: Boeker Ruth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMy paper offers a new interpretation of Reid's account of social operations of the human mind. I argue that it is important to acknowledge the counterpart structure of social operations. By this I mean that for Reid every social operation is paired with a counterpart operation. On the view that I ascribe to Reid, at least two intelligent beings take part in a social operation and the social operation does not come into existence until both the social operation and its counterpart operation have been exercised and the relevant mental thoughts made known to the other being by words or signs.
Frustrated or engaged? Regulatory focus predicts experiences with online dating
Authors: Song Sue , Lockwood Penelope 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examined whether people's motivational orientations towards growth (i.e., promotion focus) and security (i.e., prevention focus), collectively termed regulatory focus, are associated with profile‐browsing experiences and perceived success in online dating. In an internal meta‐analysis of four studies (Ns = 220, 200, 300, and 478), we found that promotion focus was associated with an engaging and easy profile‐browsing experience, along with perceived success, whereas prevention focus was associated with an engaging yet more effortful profile‐browsing experience, along with a perceived lack of success. A preregistered follow‐up study (N = 150) replicated the positive associations between promotion focus and engagement and perceived success, as well as the negative associations between prevention focus and ease and perceived success.
Characteristics of maltose transport system in the endosymbiontChlorella variabilisofParamecium bursaria
Authors: Shibata Aika , Takahashi Fumio , Imamura Nobutaka , Kasahara Masahiro 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYParamecium bursariahas hundreds of chlorella in the cell. These symbiotic chlorella cells supply maltose, a photosynthetic product, to the host. Only symbiotic chlorella retains the ability to release maltose to the extracellular space, whereas free‐living chlorella does not. To provide the host with maltose, a maltose transporter localized on the symbiotic chlorella plasma membrane is required. However, the molecular identity of the maltose transporter and its properties are unknown. To better understand the characteristics of the maltose transporter, we investigated how maltose release byChlorella variabilisis affected by the excess external maltose and several agents that inhibit ATP synthesis or disrupt the ion gradient across cell membranes. Our overall findings, including the observation thatC. variabilisdid not utilize maltose in the growth medium, led to the conclusion that the maltose transporter is likely a unidirectional and active transporter, which utilizes a proton gradient across the plasma membrane and does not use ATP as its energy source.
When two vowels go walking: An ERP study of the vowel team rule
Authors: Coch Donna , Mahoney Margaret Rose 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn an event‐related potential (ERP) study of the vowel team rule in American English (“when two vowels go walking, the first does the talking”), we used a visual lexical decision task to determine whether words that do (e.g., braid) and do not (e.g., cloud) follow the rule elicit different processing, and to determine if this extends to nonwords (e.g., braip, cloup). In 32 young adults, N1 amplitude distinguished between rule‐following and rule‐breaking items: N1 amplitude was more negative to rule‐breaking words and nonwords. In contrast, there were no significant effects of vowel team rule adherence on N400 amplitude. Behaviorally, participants responded more quickly and accurately to rule‐following words, a pattern not observed for nonwords. These findings demonstrate that adherence to the vowel team rule can be indexed by both neural and behavioral measures in fluently reading young adults.
Attenuated cardiovascular reactivity is related to higher anxiety and fatigue symptoms in truck drivers
Authors: Guest Amber J. , Clemes Stacy A. , King James A. , Chen Yu‐Ling , Ruettger Katharina , Sayyah Mohsen , Sherry Aron , Varela‐Mato Veronica , Paine Nicola J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDepression and anxiety have been linked with reduced stress‐induced cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), which could be indicative of autonomic dysregulation. Less is known about the association between work‐related fatigue and CVR. Truck drivers experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and fatigue, with repeated psychophysiological stressors on the road, yet little is known about the effects of these conditions on their CVR. Three hundred eighty six truck drivers completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale (OFER‐15). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest and during a stressor protocol to measure CVR. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine relationships between variables and adjusted for nine key covariates. Higher symptoms of persistent fatigue were related to a reduced SBP reactivity (β = −.236, p = .009) and reduced DBP reactivity (β = −.257, p = .005), whereas there was a positive trend between acute fatigue and DBP reactivity (β = .169, p = .052). Higher symptoms of anxiety were related to a reduced SBP reactivity (β = −.164, p = .016). This study demonstrated in a population of truck drivers that both anxiety and persistent fatigue were related to an attenuated SBP reactivity in a combined model, whereas there was a positive trend between acute fatigue solely and DBP reactivity. These novel findings may have serious implications for cardiovascular disease risk in truck drivers, and future research should attempt to establish the causal effect of these associations and the underlying physiological mechanisms.
Discursive paternalism
Authors: Townsend Leo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to an influential tradition in speech act theory, it takes more than linguistic mastery and normative entitlement to do things with words; one's words must also be given a suitable reception or social uptake. Working within this tradition, I identify and characterize the phenomenon of discursive paternalism. Discursive paternalism occurs when a party to a speaker's act takes control of the uptake the act receives, with the aim of curating the speaker's commitments. This is done without the prior consent or knowledge of the speaker, and for the perceived good of the speaker. I describe three distinct forms of discursive paternalism, which differ in terms of the role played by the paternalist, and the kind of authority he lays claim to in performing that role.
Northern and Southern Munya Dialects: Towards a Historical Perspective*
Authors: Bai Junwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMunya, a Tibeto‐Burman language spoken in western Sichuan Province in China, is believed to have two dialects, an undescribed eastern dialect and a relatively better‐known western dialect. Based on previous studies and data gathered from fieldwork, I found that the western dialect can be further divided into a northern and a southern dialect. This study will present linguistic evidence for such a dialectal distinction and will discuss some diachronic changes that have created it. The dialects have a different phonological inventory and lexical differences. Grammatically, the two dialects differ in directional prefixes, formation of certain types of negation and questions, and the system of copula verbs of existence.
Histo‐blood group A is a risk factor for severe COVID‐19
Authors: Garibaldi Pedro M. M. , Oliveira Luciana C. , da Fonseca Benedito A. , Auxiliadora‐Martins Maria , Miranda Carlos H. , Almado Carlos E. L. , Langhi Dante M. , Gilio Renato N. , Palma Leonardo C. , Gomes Bruno B. M. , Bottura Camila , Barrientto Larissa C. , Donadel Camila D. , Calado Rodrigo T. , De Santis Gil C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the impact of ABO histo‐blood group type on COVID‐19 severity.BackgroundABO histo‐blood type has been associated with different outcomes in infectious diseases. It has also shown a higher proportion of type A patients with SARS‐CoV‐2. In this observational study, extracted from an ongoing clinical trial on the efficacy of convalescent plasma transfused in COVID‐19 patients, we describe the impact of ABO blood type on the risk of developing severe COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two consecutive patients (37 type A, 23 type O, 11 type B, 1 type AB) with severe (respiratory failure) COVID‐19 were included. Control group was composed of 160 individuals randomly selected from the same populational basis.ResultsBlood group A was overrepresented (51.39%) in the patient group in relation to the control group (30%), whereas blood group O was less represented (31.94%) in patient than in control group (48%). Odds ratio (A vs. O) was 2.581 (1.381–4.817), CI 95%; p = 0.004. Also, blood group A patients appeared to have more severe disease, given by the scores of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Simplified Acute Physiologic Score 3 (p = 0.036 and p = 0.058, respectively).ConclusionHisto‐blood type A is associated with a higher risk of developing severe COVID‐19 in relation to blood type O.
Expertise in Tool Use Promotes Tool Embodiment
Authors: Weser Veronica U. , Proffitt Dennis R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBody representations are known to be dynamically modulated or extended through tool use. Here, we review findings that demonstrate the importance of a user's tool experience or expertise for successful tool embodiment. Examining expert tool users, such as individuals who use tools in professional sports, people who use chopsticks at every meal, or spinal injury patients who use a wheelchair daily, offers new insights into the role of expertise in tool embodiment: Not only does tool embodiment differ between novices and experts, but experts may experience enhanced changes to their body representation when interacting with their own, personal tool. The findings reviewed herein reveal the importance of assessing tool skill in future studies of tool embodiment.
Dual preparation of plasma and platelet concentrates in platelet additive solution from platelet concentrates in plasma using a novel filtration system
Authors: Hayashi Tomoya , Hayashi Akihiro , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Masaki Mikako , Kishikawa Tatsuya , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Tanaka Mitsunobu , Kimura Takafumi , Tani Yoshihiko , Takihara Yoshihiro , Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlatelet concentrates suspended in a platelet additive solution (PAS‐PC) are associated with a reduction in allergic response and are suitable for preparing pathogen‐inactivated PC. We aimed to develop an efficient platform for the dual preparation of PAS‐PC and platelet‐poor plasma.Materials and MethodsPAS‐PC was prepared in six steps by using a hollow‐fibre system based on cross‐flow filtration: priming, loading PC, loading PAS, collection of filtered liquid (flow‐through) and collection of platelets by washing with PAS followed by washing with air. In this study, the efficacy of platelet and plasma protein recovery and characteristics of recovered PAS‐PC and flow‐through plasma were analysed in detail.ResultsRecoveries of platelet in PAS‐PC and plasma protein in the flow‐through were 95.4% ± 3.7% and 61.6% ± 5.0%, respectively. The residual plasma protein in PAS‐PC was 34.1% ± 2.8%. Although the expression level of CD62P, a platelet activation marker, in recovered platelets was approximately 1.2‐fold of that in original platelets, swirling patterns were well retained, and aggregation in PAS‐PC was not visible. Agonist‐induced aggregabilities, platelet morphology and hypotonic shock recovery were conserved. The patterns of plasma protein and lipoprotein in the flow‐through were comparable with those in the original PCs. The multimeric pattern analysis of VWF remained unaltered.ConclusionWe propose a highly efficient preparation system that enables the simultaneous production of PAS‐PC and platelet‐poor plasma. It also achieves a high recovery of functionally well‐retained platelets with very low activation.
Evidence that sensitization to triple‐knockout pig cells will not be detrimental to subsequent allotransplantation
Authors: Hara Hidetaka , Nguyen Huy , Wang Zheng‐Yu , Jagdale Abhijit , Bikhet Mohamed , Yamamoto Takayuki , Iwase Hayato , Ayares David , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current evidence is that sensitization to a pig xenograft does not result in the development of antibodies that cross‐react with alloantigens, and therefore, sensitization to a pig xenograft would not be detrimental to the outcome of a subsequent allograft. This evidence relates almost entirely to the transplantation of cells or organs from wild‐type or α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GTKO) pigs. However, it is not known whether recipients of triple‐knockout (TKO) pig grafts who become sensitized to TKO pig antigens develop antibodies that cross‐react with alloantigens and thus be detrimental to a subsequent organ allotransplant.We identified a single baboon (B1317) in which no (or minimal) serum anti‐TKO pig antibodies could be measured—in our experience unique among baboons. We sensitized it by repeated subcutaneous injections of TKO pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the absence of any immunosuppressive therapy. After TKO pig PBMC injection, there was a transient increase in anti‐TKO pig IgM, followed by a sustained increase in IgG binding to TKO cells. In contrast, there was no serum IgM or IgG binding to PBMCs from any of a panel of baboon PBMCs (n = 8). We conclude that sensitization to TKO pig PBMCs in the baboon did not result in the development of antibodies that also bound to baboon cells, suggesting that there would be no detrimental effect of sensitization on a subsequent organ allotransplant.
LIVING GOD PANDEISM: EVIDENTIAL SUPPORT
Authors: Lane William C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPandeism is the belief that God chose to wholly become our Universe, imposing principles at this Becoming that have fostered the lawful evolution of multifarious structures, including life and consciousness. This article describes and defends a particular form of pandeism: living God pandeism (LGP). On LGP, our Universe inherits all of God's unsurpassable attributes—reality, unity, consciousness, knowledge, intelligence, and effectiveness—and includes as much reality, conscious and unconscious, as is possible consistent with retaining those attributes. God and the Universe, together “God‐and‐Universe,” is also eternal into the future and the past. The article derives testable hypotheses from these claims and shows that the evidence to date confirms some of these while falsifying none. Theism cannot be tested in the same way.
The New Approach to Shell Theory: Circular Cylinders
Authors: Kennard E. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Taking Epstein’s basic work on elastic vibrations in plates and shells, the author proceeds to construct expressions for the distributions of stress and displacements. From these, stress resultants are calculated. The principal effects of external load on the faces of the shell are included, and the validity of the approximation and practical applications of results are discussed.
The Bending of a Wedge-Shaped Plate
Authors: Woinowsky-Krieger S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A general method of solution is given in this paper for the problem of bending of a wedge-shaped thin elastic plate with arbitrary boundary conditions on the radial edges in the case of a single load. The solution is carried out for a plate with clamped edges and a single load on the bisector radius of the plate. Stress distribution along the edges is shown and the behavior of the solution near the corner point is discussed for several opening angles of the plate.
Nonlinear Distribution of Bending Stresses Due to Distortion of the Cross Section
Authors: Bleich H. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A theory is presented to explain the nonlinear distribution of bending stresses found in recent tests on a passenger ship with long superstructure and in model tests. The hull and the superstructure are considered as separate beams which are forced to act together by shearing forces and by vertical forces resisting relative displacements of the two beams. The case of constant cross section of the beams is treated, and solutions in qualitative agreement with the tests are obtained for two types of loading.