bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of installation angle on pull-out resistance of nails in soil slopes
Authors: Najafi Navid , Imani Kalehsar Rouzbeh , Khodaei Meysam , Dehghan Ali Naghi , Karroubi Kasra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the nailing angle on the pull-out capacity of nails in soil slopes was investigated using the finite difference method with the help of FLAC3Dsoftware. Initially, the geometric model was created at three different angles of the excavation slope (45°, 63°, and 80°). Considering the Mohr–Coulomb behavioral model and applying the physical and geometric parameters of the model in order to model the nail in the nailing system, five rows of nails at different angles, relative to the horizon, which included 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, and 35° were used to evaluate the effect of change in the angle of the nail and the different angles of the excavation slope on the pull-out capacity of the nails. The results showed that the magnitude of the nail pull-out force, at slopes of the same level, increases as the angle of the excavation slope increases. Also, the maximum force is generated at the level range of 0.7 of the height from the upper edge of the slope and the nails situated at an angle of about 30° relative to the horizon. Therefore, according to the soil conditions, the angle of nail, and the factor of safety, the optimal implementation angle of the nail on the slope can be calculated in different designs.
SEALING OF THE UNIVERSALLY BAIRE SETS
Authors: SARGSYAN GRIGOR , TRANG NAM 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA set of reals is universally Baire if all of its continuous preimages in topological spaces have the Baire property.
${\sf Sealing}$
is a type of generic absoluteness condition introduced by Woodin that asserts in strong terms that the theory of the universally Baire sets cannot be changed by set forcings. The
${\sf Largest\ Suslin\ Axiom}$
(
${\sf LSA}$
) is a determinacy axiom isolated by Woodin. It asserts that the largest Suslin cardinal is inaccessible for ordinal definable surjections. Let
${\sf LSA}$
-
${\sf over}$
-
${\sf uB}$
be the statement that in all (set) generic extensions there is a model of
$\sf {LSA}$
whose Suslin, co-Suslin sets are the universally Baire sets. We outline the proof that over some mild large cardinal theory,
$\sf {Sealing}$
is equiconsistent with
$\sf {LSA}$
-
$\sf {over}$
-
$\sf {uB}$
. In fact, we isolate an exact theory (in the hierarchy of strategy mice) that is equiconsistent with both (see Definition 3.1). As a consequence, we obtain that
$\sf {Sealing}$
is weaker than the theory “
$\sf {ZFC}$
+ there is a Woodin cardinal which is a limit of Woodin cardinals.” This significantly improves upon the earlier consistency proof of
$\sf {Sealing}$
by Woodin. A variation of
$\sf {Sealing}$
, called
$\sf {Tower \ Sealing}$
, is also shown to be equiconsistent with
$\sf {Sealing}$
over the same large cardinal theory. We also outline the proof that if V has a proper class of Woodin cardinals, a strong cardinal, and a generically universally Baire iteration strategy, then
$\sf {Sealing}$
holds after collapsing the successor of the least strong cardinal to be countable. This result is complementary to the aforementioned equiconsistency result, where it is shown that
$\sf {Sealing}$
holds in a generic extension of a certain minimal universe. This theorem is more general in that no minimal assumption is needed. A corollary of this is that
$\sf {LSA}$
-
$\sf {over}$
-
$\sf {uB}$
is not equivalent to
$\sf {Sealing}$
.
Developing VAT treaties: international tax cooperation in times of global recovery
Authors: Zu Yige 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic highlights the pressing need to address common challenges faced by all countries and, in particular, provide special support to developing countries through international cooperation. Taxation, in particular Value Added Tax (VAT), is a key area for strengthening international cooperation because of its critical role in financing the Covid-19 crisis and supporting global recovery. This paper proposes the adoption of VAT treaties based on two considerations. First, there exist, in the interplay between states’ VAT laws, over-taxation and under-taxation that can be more effectively addressed by treaties than by unilateral state actions. Secondly, unlike income tax treaties, VAT treaties would distribute more benefits from cooperation to developing countries than to developed countries, leading to normatively attractive distributional consequences. The proposed model offers a new approach to taxing cross-border transactions under VAT and could form part of a coordinated response to a sustainable post-pandemic recovery.
Development and validation of a clinical and genetic model for predicting risk of severe COVID-19
Authors: Dite Gillian S. , Murphy Nicholas M. , Allman Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Clinical and genetic risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often considered independently and without knowledge of the magnitudes of their effects on risk. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive participants from the UK Biobank, we developed and validated a clinical and genetic model to predict risk of severe COVID-19. We used multivariable logistic regression on a 70% training dataset and used the remaining 30% for validation. We also validated a previously published prototype model. In the validation dataset, our new model was associated with severe COVID-19 (odds ratio per quintile of risk = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–1.90) and had acceptable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.732, 95% CI 0.708–0.756). We assessed calibration using logistic regression of the log odds of the risk score, and the new model showed no evidence of over- or under-estimation of risk (α = −0.08; 95% CI −0.21−0.05) and no evidence or over-or under-dispersion of risk (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–1.00). Accurate prediction of individual risk is possible and will be important in regions where vaccines are not widely available or where people refuse or are disqualified from vaccination, especially given uncertainty about the extent of infection transmission among vaccinated people and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Balloon atrial septostomy through azygos vein in two cases of D-TGA with left atrial isomerism
Authors: Beyazal Meryem , Orun Utku Arman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBalloon atrial septostomy is a palliative procedure that is performed in D-transposition of great arteries when surgery is not immediately available. Although D-TGA and left isomerism association are rare, it is an important condition as the BAS procedure approach is unique. In this case report, we present two cases of D-TGA with left isomerism where BAS was performed due to restrictive atrial septal defect and lack of immediate availability of the paediatric cardiac surgeon.
Early post-operative PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 predicts subsequent acute kidney injury after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Xu Yaya , Zhu Xiaodong , Xu Lili , Li Zhen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground:Acute kidney injury is a severe complication following complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Anaerobic metabolism is believed to contribute to the development of acute kidney injury. The ratio of central venous to arterial carbon dioxide tension to arterio-venous oxygen content (PV-ACO2/CA-VO2) has been proposed as a surrogate for respiratory quotient and an indicator of tissue oxygenation. We hypothesised that a small increase of PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 might have superior discrimination ability in subsequent acute kidney injury prediction.Methods:This study is retrospective and single-centre design study. The study population consisted of 61 children with tetralogy of Fallot that underwent a complete surgical repair between July 2017 and January 2021. Baseline characteristics and intra-operative parameters were collected through a retrospective chart review. PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 was collected within 12 hours of surgical completion. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the criteria established by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes group. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for acute kidney injury.Results:Of the 61 patients, 20 (32.8%) developed acute kidney injury. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that age, height, haematocrit, and Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 were independently associated with the development of acute kidney injury. The addition of Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 to the model significantly increased model discrimination [AUROC 0.939 (95% CI 0.894–0.984) and AUROC 0.922 (95% CI 0.869–0.975), respectively].Conclusions:The increase of PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 could improve the predictive ability for subsequent development of acute kidney injury in children with tetralogy of Fallot.
Public health potential of guidelines-based dietary scores for non-communicable diseases mortality prevention: simulation study using the Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME) model
Authors: Julia Chantal , Leroy Pascal , Adjibade Moufidath , Assmann Karen E , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Soler Louis-Georges , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Dietary indexes measure the adherence of individuals to a set of nutritional recommendations. However, the health gains associated with adherence to various dietary indexes may vary. Our objective was to compare the magnitude of estimated avoided deaths by chronic diseases obtained by improving diet quality in the French population, measured by a variety of dietary indexes.Design:Simulation study based on observational data.Setting:Weighted data from a French population-based cohort study.Participants:In participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, we computed dietary scores reflecting the adherence to various recommendations (Medi-Lite, Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), Programme National Nutrition Santé/National Nutrition and Health Program – Guidelines Score, Diet Quality Index (DQI), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the modified Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system dietary index (FSAm-NPS DI)). Quintiles of the food groups’ consumption and dietary intakes were used as input in a simulation model (Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME)), yielding the number of delayed or avoided deaths in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, comparing between very high or very low nutritional quality of the diet and medium nutritional quality.Results:A modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very low quality (i.e. from the middle quintile to the quintile with the lowest nutritional quality) was associated with an increased number of deaths ranging from 3485 (95 % uncertainty interval (CI) 4002, 2987) for HDI and 3379 (95 % CI 3881, 2894) for FSAm-NPS DI to 838 (95 % CI 1163, 523) for Medi-Lite. Conversely, a modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very high quality was associated with a decrease in the number of deaths ranging from 1995 (95 % CI 1676, 2299) for Probability of Adequate Nutrient intake diet, 1986 (95 % CI 1565, 2361) for DQI-International, 1931 (95 % CI 1499, 2316) for FSAm-NPS DI and 858 (95 % CI 499, 1205) for HDI.Conclusions:Our results provide some insights as the potential impact of following various dietary guidelines to reduce mortality from nutrition-related diseases.
INTERPRETATION, LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY: JEAN NICOD’S GEOMETRY IN THE SENSIBLE WORLD
Authors: GANDON SÉBASTIEN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractJean Nicod (1893–1924) is a French philosopher and logician who worked with Russell during the First World War. His PhD, with a preface from Russell, was published under the title La géométrie dans le monde sensible in 1924, the year of his untimely death. The book did not have the impact he deserved. In this paper, I discuss the methodological aspect of Nicod’s approach. My aim is twofold. I would first like to show that Nicod’s definition of various notions of equivalence between theories anticipates, in many respects, the (syntactic and semantic) model-theoretic notion of interpretation of a theory into another. I would secondly like to present the philosophical agenda that led Nicod to elaborate his logical framework: the defense of rationalism against Bergson’s attacks.
LOGICS OF FORMAL INCONSISTENCY ENRICHED WITH REPLACEMENT: AN ALGEBRAIC AND MODAL ACCOUNT
Authors: CARNIELLI WALTER , CONIGLIO MARCELO E. , FUENMAYOR DAVID 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is customary to expect from a logical system that it can bealgebraizable, in the sense that an algebraic companion of the deductive machinery can always be found. Since the inception of da Costa’s paraconsistent calculi, algebraic equivalents for such systems have been sought. It is known, however, that these systems are not self-extensional (i.e., they do not satisfy thereplacement property). More than this, they are not algebraizable in the sense of Blok–Pigozzi. The same negative results hold for several systems of the hierarchy of paraconsistent logics known asLogics of Formal Inconsistency(LFIs). Because of this, several systems belonging to this class of logics are only characterizable by semantics of a non-deterministic nature. This paper offers a solution for two open problems in the domain of paraconsistency, in particular connected to algebraization ofLFIs, by extending with rules severalLFIs weaker than$C_1$, thus obtaining the replacement property (that is, suchLFIs turn out to be self-extensional). Moreover, these logics become algebraizable in the standard Lindenbaum–Tarski’s sense by a suitable variety of Boolean algebras extended with additional operations. The weakestLFIsatisfying replacement presented here is calledRmbC, which is obtained from the basicLFIcalledmbC. Some axiomatic extensions ofRmbCare also studied. In addition, a neighborhood semantics is defined for such systems. It is shown thatRmbCcan be defined within the minimal bimodal non-normal logic$\mathbf {E} {\oplus } \mathbf {E}$defined by the fusion of the non-normal modal logicEwith itself. Finally, the framework is extended to first-order languages.RQmbC, the quantified extension ofRmbC, is shown to be sound and complete w.r.t. the proposed algebraic semantics.
HIERARCHICAL INCOMPLETENESS RESULTS FOR ARITHMETICALLY DEFINABLE EXTENSIONS OF FRAGMENTS OF ARITHMETIC
Authors: BLANCK RASMUS 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere has been a recent interest in hierarchical generalizations of classic incompleteness results. This paper provides evidence that such generalizations are readily obtainable from suitably formulated hierarchical versions of the principles used in the original proofs. By collecting such principles, we prove hierarchical versions of Mostowski’s theorem on independent formulae, Kripke’s theorem on flexible formulae, Woodin’s theorem on the universal algorithm, and a few related results. As a corollary, we obtain the expected result that the formula expressing “$\mathrm {T}$is$\Sigma _n$-ill” is a canonical example of a$\Sigma _{n+1}$formula that is$\Pi _{n+1}$-conservative over$\mathrm {T}$.
NEIGHBOURHOOD CANONICITY FOR EK, ECK, AND RELATIVES: A CONSTRUCTIVE PROOF
Authors: VAN DE PUTTE FREDERIK , MCNAMARA PAUL 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove neighbourhood canonicity and strong completeness for the logics
$\mathbf {EK}$
and
$\mathbf {ECK}$
, obtained by adding axiom (K), resp. adding both (K) and (C), to the minimal modal logic
$\textbf {E}$
. In contrast to an earlier proof in [10], ours is constructive. More precisely, we construct minimal characteristic models for both logics and do not rely on compactness of first order logic. The proof involves a specific circumscription technique and quite some set-theoretic maneuvers to establish that the models satisfy the appropriate frame conditions. After giving both proofs, we briefly spell out how they generalize to four stronger logics and to the extensions of the resulting six logics with a global modality.
SUBATOMIC INFERENCES: AN INFERENTIALIST SEMANTICS FOR ATOMICS, PREDICATES, AND NAMES
Authors: TANTER KAI 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInferentialism is a theory in the philosophy of language which claims that the meanings of expressions are constituted by inferential roles or relations. Instead of a traditional model-theoretic semantics, it naturally lends itself to a proof-theoretic semantics, where meaning is understood in terms of inference rules with a proof system. Most work in proof-theoretic semantics has focused on logical constants, with comparatively little work on the semantics of non-logical vocabulary. Drawing on Robert Brandom’s notion of material inference and Greg Restall’s bilateralist interpretation of the multiple conclusion sequent calculus, I present a proof-theoretic semantics for atomic sentences and their constituent names and predicates. The resulting system has several interesting features: (1) the rules are harmonious and stable; (2) the rules create a structure analogous to familiar model-theoretic semantics; and (3) the semantics is compositional, in that the rules for atomic sentences are determined by those for their constituent names and predicates.
Analysis and Mitigation of Biases in Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Trend Estimates From GRACE Mascon Products
Authors: Ran Jiangjun , Ditmar Pavel , Liu Lin , Xiao Yun , Klees Roland , Tang Xueyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMascon products derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite gravimetry data are widely used to study the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. However, the products released by different research groups—JPL, CSR, and GSFC—show noticeable discrepancies. To understand them, we compare those mascon products with mascon solutions computed in‐house using a varying regularization parameter. We show that the observed discrepancies are likely dominated by differences in the applied regularization. Furthermore, we present a numerical study aimed at an in‐depth analysis of regularization‐driven biases in the solutions. We demonstrate the ability of our simulations to reproduce 60%–80% of biases observed in real data, which proves that our simulations are sufficiently realistic. After that, we demonstrate that the quality of mascon‐based estimates can be increased by a proper modification of the applied regularization: no correlation between mascons is assumed when they belong to different drainage systems. Using both simulations and real data analysis, we show that the improved regularization mitigates signal leakage between drainage systems by 11%–56%. Finally, we validate various mascon solutions over the SW drainage system, using trends from (i) the GOCO‐06S model and (ii) the Input‐Output Method as control data. In general, the in‐house computed trend estimates are consistent with the trends from CSR and JPL solutions and the trends from the control data.
Partial Coupling and Earthquake Potential Along the Xianshuihe Fault, China
Authors: Li Yuexin , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe left‐lateral Xianshuihe Fault is located at the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau and is one of the most active faults in China. It is associated with substantial seismic potential, with more than 20 Mw > 6 earthquakes since 1700. The fault has been documented to be creeping at the surface for decades; however, the spatial and temporal distributions of shallow creep along the fault are not well resolved. In this study, we obtain high‐resolution interseismic velocity maps along the 350‐km‐long central Xianshuihe Fault and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series along the Kangding segment using ascending and descending Sentinel‐1 data. The InSAR data reveal multiple creeping sections and the estimated surface creep rates show high along‐strike variability. A coupling model characterizes the distribution of creep with depth. The seismic potential of apparent rupture asperities along the Xianshuihe Fault is further refined by considering fault‐crossing baseline data and the distribution of historical ruptures and microseismicity. Moreover, a stress‐driven afterslip model of the observed accelerated creep around the Mw 5.9 2014 Kangding rupture indicates substantial shallow afterslip, which provides further constraints on the distribution of locked and creeping patches along this section of the Xianshuihe Fault.
Designing Convolutional Neural Network Pipeline for Near‐Fault Earthquake Catalog Extension Using Single‐Station Waveforms
Authors: Majstorović Josipa , Giffard‐Roisin Sophie , Poli Piero 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we developed an end‐to‐end two‐stage pipeline using 1D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect, localize, and characterize earthquakes from single‐station three‐component waveforms. We are presenting here the insights of what makes the difference in developing a deep learning algorithm by performing an extensive hyperparameter grid search for model training, tackling the question of the optimal number of classes, the importance of training data sets as well as the CNN architecture design in terms of optimal length of the CNN model. Moreover, our pipeline is robust and does not need any preprocessing of the seismograms (e.g., filtering) or any prior knowledge of the region. Training, validation, and evaluation of the CNN models is performed on data recorded at the AQU station placed in the city of L’Aquila in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). Before MW 6.3 2009 L’Aquila earthquake that occurred near the city of L’Aquila the local catalog of events is sparse. Therefore, we provide a methodological pipeline on how one can extend near‐fault local catalog of earthquakes by applying our two‐stage pipeline on unseen continuous data. Our results show that we are able to design a CNN model that is detecting the earthquake events among random noise waveforms with 97% accuracy (first stage: detection). Additionally, we are able to determine the events that are close to the station (<10 km) with a 94% accuracy as well as identify their belonging to four magnitude classes with a 68% accuracy (second stage: characterization).
Multilayer Network Clarifies Prevailing Water Consumption Telecouplings in the United States
Authors: Garcia S. , Gomez M. , Rushforth R. , Ruddell B. L. , Mejia A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVirtual water flows are used to map the indirect water consumption connections implied by the supply chain of a city, region, or country. This information can be used to manage supply chains to achieve environmental policy objectives and mitigate environmental risks to critical supply chains. A limitation of prior work is that these flows are typically analyzed using monolayer networks, which ignores crucial intersectoral or interlayer couplings. Here, we use a multilayer network to account for such couplings when analyzing blue virtual water flows in the United States. Our multilayer network consists of 115 different regions (nodes), covering the entire conterminous United States; 41 coupled economic sectors (layers); and ∼2 × 107 possible links. To analyze the multilayer network, we focus on three fundamental network properties: topological connectivity, mesoscale structure, and node centrality. The network has a high connectivity, with each node being on average connected to roughly 2/3 of the network's nodes. Interlayer flows are a major driver of connectivity, representing ∼54% of all the network's connections. Five different groups of tightly connected nodes (communities) characterize the network. Each community represents a preferred spatial mode of long‐range virtual water interaction within the United States. We find that large (populous) cities have a stronger influence than small ones on network functioning because they attract and recirculate more virtual water through their supply chains. Our results also highlight differences between the multilayer and monolayer virtual water network, which overall show that the former provides a more realistic representation of virtual water flows.