bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No place like home: Sociocultural drivers of return migration among Israeli academic families
Authors: Remennick Larissa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on return migration of the highly skilled is dominated by economic reasoning, whereas nonmaterial drivers of their repatriation are poorly understood. This study explored the journeys of 22 Israeli academic families who returned home after 3–7 years of (post)doctoral training in the United States/Canada. The migration narratives of these families, belonging to Israeli Ashkenazi elites, were interpreted using Bourdieu's concepts of cultural and social capital. Feeing alienated as immigrants in the American academia and society, most returnees reckoned that their professional potential could be maximised only at home. They manifested strong national identities, cultural and filial attachments and wanted their children to grow up Israeli. However, facing precarious Israeli realities, the informants described their return as second migration. Within 2 years, most scientists landed academic or research positions at home and were satisfied with their work lives. Their ‘trailing wives’ have typically paid a higher career tax for their American sojourn, yet no couples in the sample regretted their return decision. Thus, purely economic explanations of mobility among academics and other professionals may overlook salient sociocultural forces shaping family‐based return decisions.
Population pharmacokinetic and exposure–response analyses of intravenous and subcutaneous rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Gibiansky Ekaterina , Gibiansky Leonid , Chavanne Clarisse , Frey Nicolas , Jamois Candice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA subcutaneous formulation of the anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab has been developed. Fixed‐dose subcutaneous rituximab delivers noninferior serum trough concentrations (Ctrough), ensuring similar target saturation and comparable efficacy/safety, to intravenous rituximab, but with simplified and shortened preparation and administration. We aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure–response properties of subcutaneous rituximab. Data from two clinical trials were analyzed to describe PKs and pharmacodynamics in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia following intravenous and subcutaneous rituximab administration. Intravenous and subcutaneous rituximab were described by a linear two‐compartment population PK model with time‐dependent and time‐independent clearances, and first‐order subcutaneous absorption. Main covariates influencing exposure were body size and baseline white blood cell count. Occurrence of adverse events was not correlated with rituximab exposure. Although greater and more sustainable B‐cell depletion was observed with higher exposure, inherent limitations to the data (use of one dose level, and time‐dependent and target‐impacted PKs) prevented reliable assessment of exposure–response relationships.
Uncertain process–based reliability and maintenance modeling for systems under mutually dependent degradation and shock processes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor the systems that experience competing failure processes, an uncertain process–based degradation model is developed to describe the systems. The competing degradation process is composed of internal continuous degradation and external shocks, and the mutual dependence between them is considered. When the magnitude of the internal degradation exceeds the threshold, the soft failure occurs. While for the shock processes involving the randomness and the subjective information, we adopt the uncertain random renewal reward process to characterize it. Hard failure occurs when the damage of the shock process exceeds the strength threshold of the system. By using the belief reliability metric, the reliability of the degraded system is defined as the chance measure that neither soft failure nor hard failure occurs. And the effect of the degradation‐shock dependence on the system reliability is performed by the parametric studies. Then the proposed degradation model is introduced into the preventive maintenance strategy to minimize the average maintenance cost. Using the microelectromechanical systems as an example, the effectiveness of the constructed degradation model and maintenance strategy is illustrated, and the proposed model can characterize the system degradation process in a superior way to the stochastic process model. These methods can be applied to other similar degraded systems and provide support for maintenance decisions.
Penalized composite likelihood for colored graphical Gaussian models
Authors: Li Qiong , Sun Xiaoying , Wang Nanwei , Gao Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a penalized composite likelihood method for model selection in colored graphical Gaussian models. The method provides a sparse and symmetry‐constrained estimator of the precision matrix and thus conducts model selection and precision matrix estimation simultaneously. In particular, the method uses penalty terms to constrain the elements of the precision matrix, which enables us to transform the model selection problem into a constrained optimization problem. Further, computer experiments are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed new methodology. It is shown that the proposed method performs well in both the selection of nonzero elements in the precision matrix and the identification of symmetry structures in graphical models. The feasibility and potential clinical application of the proposed method are demonstrated on a microarray gene expression dataset.
Ultrafast Fabrication of Graphene‐Reinforced Nanocomposites via Synergy of Steam Explosion and Alternating Convergent‐Divergent Flow
Authors: Xu Wen‐hua , He Yue , Xie Heng , Qin Sen , Tan Ling‐cao , Wu Ting , Qu Jin‐ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProducing high‐quality graphene and polymer/graphene nanocomposite is facing the problems of complex procedure, low efficiency, and serious resource waste. To explore a new fabrication approach with high efficiency and low cost is crucial for solving these technical issues, which becomes a current research hotspot and also a great challenge. Herein, a one‐step melt mixing strategy based on the synergy of steam explosion and alternating convergent‐divergent flow, is innovatively developed to fabricate high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/graphene nanocomposites using industrial‐grade expanded graphite (EG) without chemical agents and complex procedures. The co‐action of the external force derived from elongational melts and the internal force generated by steam explosion make EG ultrafastly exfoliate into few‐layer graphene nanosheets (GNS) and simultaneously disperse in melts within 4 min. The as‐produced GNS have a lateral size of over 5 µm and a minimum thickness of 1.4 nm, can introduce super heterogeneous nucleation to HDPE macromolecules and greatly increases nanocomposite crystallinity up to 86.5%. Moreover, plentiful HDPE crystallites and well‐dispersed GNS jointly form an improved thermally‐conductive network, making nanocomposites with a rapid‐respond ability in solar‐to‐thermal conversion and heat dissipation. This facile strategy will facilitate the development of scalable production and wide application of high‐performance graphene and highly‐filled nanocomposites.
Heterogeneous polydentate mobile chelating node to detect breach in surveillance sensor network
Authors: Misra Sudip , Goswami Sumit , Taneja Chaynika , Kar Pushpendu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNature inspired algorithms are common in routing and security in mobile wireless sensor networks (WSN). While most of the existing algorithms are bio‐inspired, chemistry inspired security algorithms are rare. Chelation is a chemical process where a molecule forms two or more bonds with an atom or a molecule to hold it strongly. Analogous to this chemical process, a chelating node in a mobile WSN is defined as a mobile node that forms more than one logical association with another node. The paper uses mobile polydentate chelating node, which uses multiple heterogeneous logical linkages with a rogue node, to ascertain non‐friendly behavior of a node to ensure detection and removal. The multiple linkage processes are based on challenge‐response using public key infrastructure, integrity of routing algorithm, routing table fidelity and data path tracking. This n‐dentation ensures detection of captured nodes as well as nodes planted by adversaries. The paper demonstrates the applicability of this process for a mobile WSN‐based border surveillance where the number of attacks is high and varied in its pattern. The proposed approach reduces false negative as well as false positive detection by its n‐modular redundancy. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this scheme.
Treatment and outcome of spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to suspected migrating vegetal foreign body in 37 dogs
Authors: Sériot Paul , Dunié‐Mérigot Antoine , Tréhiou Clément Baudin , Blond Laurent , Bernardin Fanny , Poujol Laure , Gibert Sophie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study is to describe surgical findings, treatment and outcome of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) secondary to suspected migrating vegetal foreign body (MVFB).Methods: This retrospective study included dogs with computed tomography (CT) consistent with SP suspected to be secondary to MVFB that underwent thoracic surgery. They were divided into two groups according to whether CT identified (group 1) or only suspected (group 2) an MVFB.Results: Thirty‐seven dogs were included (twenty‐one in group 1 and 16 in group 2). An MVFB was identified during surgery in 18 of 21 of cases of group 1 and in 10 of 16 of group 2. An agreement between lobes affected on CT and surgical findings was observed in 34 of 40 lobes. In nine of 37 of cases, a lung perforation was identified without evidence of MVFB. Thirty‐nine lobectomies were performed: 15 complete and 24 partial. No recurrence of pneumothorax was observed. In four dogs, a second surgery was necessary to remove an MVFB 1.5 to 3 months after the initial surgery due to secondary draining tracts.Conclusion: Surgical approach planed with CT resolved SP in all cases before discharge with excellent short‐term outcome and no major complication. CT was reliable to assess perforated lung lobes in 85% of cases. Clinical signs of delayed draining tract developed in 33% of cases where surgery failed to find an MVFB identified on CT.
Criticizing green stimulus forCOVIDrecovery
Authors: Brahmbhatt Milan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent calls by world leaders recommend that policy responses to the COVID crisis incorporate “green stimulus” or “green recovery” as a vital element. In a 2014 article in this journal, we argued that green stimulus would be an inefficient way to either boost demand and restore full employment in the context of the global financial crisis or pursue long‐run environmental goals. In this paper, we argue that the attempt to marry green and COVID recovery programs may prove an even less fitting response to the near‐term crisis, while still threatening to put environmental policy on paths that prove inefficient in the long run. We argue that green stimulus/recovery, while yielding more long‐term climate benefits, would likely generate a slower and smaller recovery in jobs and activity than a traditional macroeconomic stimulus. This creates a trade‐off for policymakers. The global financial crisis provides our primary real‐world experience of green stimulus/recovery policies. A small but growing number of ex post empirical studies suggest that these measures' near‐term growth impact was less than expected or obtained at a relatively high cost. There is also a danger that orienting green programs toward near‐term shocks like the global financial crisis and COVID could compromise public understanding of, political support for, and the quality of environmental and climate policies in the long run.This article is categorized under:Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Thermoregulation: A journey from physiology to computational models and the intensive care unit
Authors: Skok Kristijan , Duh Maja , Stožer Andraž , Markota Andrej , Gosak Marko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThermoregulation plays a vital role in homeostasis. Many species of animals as well as humans have evolved various physiological mechanisms for body temperature control, which are characteristically flexible and enable a fine‐tuned spatial and temporal regulation of body temperature in different environmental conditions and circumstances. Human beings normally maintain a core body temperature at around 37°C, and maintenance of this relatively high temperature is critical for survival. Therefore, principles of thermoregulatory control have also important clinical implications. Infections can cause the body temperature to rise internally and several diseases can cause a dysfunction of thermoregulatory mechanisms. Moreover, the utilization of thermotherapies in treating various diseases has been known for thousands of years with a recent resurgence of interest. An increasing amount of research suggests that targeted temperature management is of paramount importance to patient outcomes in certain clinical scenarios. We provide a concise summary of the basic concepts of thermoregulation. Emphasis is given to the principles of thermoregulation in humans in basic pathological states and to targeted temperature management strategies in the clinical environment, with special attention on therapeutic hypothermia in postcardiac arrest patients. Finally, the discussion is focused on the potential offered by computational thermophysiological models for predicting thermal responses of patients in various clinical circumstances, for proposing new perspectives in the design of novel thermal therapies, and to optimize targeted temperature management strategies.This article is categorized under:
Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
Cardiovascular Diseases > Environmental Factors
Cardiovascular Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Modelling and Forecasting Based on Recurrent Pseudoinverse Matrices
Authors: Filelis-Papadopoulos Christos K. , Kyziropoulos Panagiotis E. , Morrison John P. , O‘Reilly Philip 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTime series modelling and forecasting techniques have a wide spectrum of applications in several fields including economics, finance, engineering and computer science. Most available modelling and forecasting techniques are applicable to a specific underlying phenomenon and its properties and lack generality of application, while more general forecasting techniques require substantial computational time for training and application. Herewith, we present a general modelling framework based on a recursive Schur - complement technique, that utilizes a set of basis functions, either linear or non-linear, to form a model for a general time series. The basis functions need not be orthogonal and their number is determined adaptively based on fitting accuracy. Moreover, no assumptions are required for the input data. The coefficients for the basis functions are computed using a recursive pseudoinverse matrix, thus they can be recomputed for different input data. The case of sinusoidal basis functions is presented. Discussions around stability of the resulting model and choice of basis functions is also provided. Numerical results depicting the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed technique are given.
Charmonium-like resonances with JPC = 0++, 2++ in coupled $$ \mathrm{D}\overline{\mathrm{D}} $$, $$ {\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{s}}{\overline{\mathrm{D}}}_{\mathrm{s}} $$ scattering on the lattice
Authors: Prelovsek Sasa , Collins Sara , Mohler Daniel , Padmanath M. , Piemonte Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the first lattice investigation of coupled-channel$$ D\overline{D} $$DD¯and$$ {D}_s{\overline{D}}_s $$DsD¯sscattering in theJPC= 0++and 2++channels. The scattering matrix for partial wavesl= 0,2 and isospin zero is determined using multiple volumes and inertial frames via Lüscher’s formalism. Lattice QCD ensembles from the CLS consortium withmπ≃ 280 MeV,a≃ 0.09 fm andL/a= 24,32 are utilized. The resulting scattering matrix suggests the existence of three charmonium-like states withJPC= 0++in the energy region ranging from slightly below 2mDup to 4.13 GeV. We find a so far unobserved$$ D\overline{D} $$DD¯bound state just below threshold and a$$ D\overline{D} $$DD¯resonance likely related toχc0(3860), which is believed to beχc0(2P). In addition, there is an indication for a narrow 0++resonance just below the$$ {D}_s{\overline{D}}_s $$DsD¯sthreshold with a large coupling to$$ {D}_s{\overline{D}}_s $$DsD¯sand a very small coupling to$$ D\overline{D} $$DD¯. This resonance is possibly related to the narrowX(3915)/χc0(3930) observed in experiment also just below$$ {D}_s{\overline{D}}_s $$DsD¯s. The partial wavel= 2 features a resonance likely related toχc2(3930). We work with several assumptions, such as the omission ofJ/ψω,ηcηand three-particle channels. Only statistical uncertainties are quantified, while the extrapolations to the physical quark-masses and the continuum limit are challenges for the future.
T cells, particularly activated CD4+ cells, maintain anti-CD20-mediated NK cell viability and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Wang Zhaoming , Chimenti Michael S. , Strouse Christopher , Weiner George J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is a mainstay of therapy for B cell malignancies, however many patients fail to respond or eventually develop resistance. The current understanding of mechanisms responsible for this resistance is limited. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors were cultured with Raji cells for 7 days, rituximab (RTX) induced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), enhanced NK cell viability and increased or maintained NK expression of CD56, CD16, CD57 and KIR. T cells, mainly CD4+, mediated these changes in a contact-dependent manner, with local T cell production of IL2 playing a central role. Similar findings were found when autologous B cells were used as target cells demonstrating the need for T cell help was not due to allogenic reaction. Results with other anti-CD20 and anti-EGFR antibodies were consistent. Small numbers of T cells activated by anti-CD3/CD28 beads or bispecific antibody enhanced RTX-mediated NK cell ADCC, viability and phenotypical changes. Pathway analysis of bulk NK cell mRNA sequencing after activation by RTX with and without T cells was consistent with T cells maintaining the viability of the activated NK cells. These findings suggest T cell help, mediated in large part by local production of IL2, contributes to NK cell ADCC and viability, and that activating T cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as through the use of anti-CD3 based bispecific antibodies, could enhance the efficacy of anti-CD20 and other mAb therapies where NK-mediated ADCC is a primary mechanism of action.
Comparison of transient absorption of laser ablation plasma with fundamental plasma absorption relations
Authors: Eliceiri Matthew , Grigoropoulos Costas P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanosecond pulsed laser ablation plasmas were studied by time resolved shadowgraphy coupled with normal imaging, followed by laser probing and plasma spectroscopy in the 5-25 J/cm2 fluence regime. We describe methods for imaging and probing that allow us to determine variations in the distribution of ejecta in the plume and monitor the optical absorption using a probe laser to obtain a measure of the linear absorption coefficient of the plasma. Experimental determination of absorber distribution also corresponds well to the theoretical prediction of density increase near the emitted shockwave edge. We finally demonstrate that fundamental plasma correlations can accurately describe the absorption of light by the plasma near the ablation wavelength. We observed good agreement in peak attenuation, directly measuring 65% peak absorption and compared to a calculation of 57% using a simple model of the plasma, but a 10 ns shift in peak attenuation time. The shift in dip times is explained both by experimental error and a fundamental imprecision in the model proposed for the expansion.
Neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm infants with gastrointestinal tract perforations does not differ compared to controls
Authors: Moser Michael F. , Müller Irina J. , Schalamon Johannes , Resch Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Purpose
To evaluate gastrointestinal tract (GIT) perforations in very low birth weight infants and the effects on neurodevelopmental outcome.

Methods
Between 2000 and 2017 all cases with GIT perforation were analyzed regarding causes, associated morbidities and neurodevelopmental outcome and compared with matched (gestational age, birth weight, gender, year of birth) by 1:2 controls.

Results
The incidence of GIT perforation was 2.0% (n = 38/1878). Diagnoses associated with GIT were meconium obstruction of prematurity (MOP,n = 19/50%), spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP, n = 7/18%), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, n = 6/16%), iatrogenic perforation (n = 3/8%), volvulus (n = 2/5%) and meconium ileus (n = 1/3%). The NEC-associated perforations occurred later compared to those associated with MOP and SIP (median 8 days and 6 days vs. 17 days, p = 0.001 and 0.023, respectively) and main localization was the terminal ileum (84%). Cases had higher rates of late onset sepsis (55% vs. 24%, p = 0.003), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (median 30 days vs 18 days, p = 0.013) and longer stays at the hospital (median 122 days vs 83 days, p < 0.001); mortality rates did not differ. The 2‑year neurodevelopment follow-up revealed no differences between groups (normal development 49% vs. 40%).

Conclusion
Despite increased morbidities preterm infants with GIT perforation did not have a higher mortality rate and groups did not differ regarding neurodevelopmental outcome at the corrected for prematurity age of 2 years.
Anglo-Saxon bling — a warrior king’s Golden Helmet
Authors: Cooper Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2009, a metal detectorist discovered a hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver in a field in Staffordshire. Hence, it quickly became known as ‘The Staffordshire Hoard’. It was, and remains, the biggest collection of Anglo-Saxon gold (4 kg) and silver (1.7 kg) ever discovered and comprised of more than 4000 fragments that equated to over 600 discrete objects and larger pieces. The Staffordshire Hoard is co-owned by Birmingham and Stoke-on-Trent City Councils and is cared for on behalf of the nation by Birmingham Museums Trust and The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery. Over the intervening years, most of the larger and recognisably important pieces have now been identified and catalogued. We now also know an exceptional amount about their probable methods of manufacture, artistic styles, date, and function. This paper focuses on what is now known to be one of the most fragmented yet magnificent of its objects, a Helmet that has been declared as being ‘fit for a king’, but which was found scattered into well over 1000 disparate fragments. Fragments that are now considered to make up around one-third of the Hoard’s total of finds and compose this single high-status Golden Helmet. Too damaged and incomplete to be re-joined or displayed in a form that delivers to the casual observer a true sense of the majesty of the original. Thus, the museums responsible for the collection commissioned an experimental reconstruction project to create two of the helmets for display in their shared Hoard collections.