bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐dependent development of enhanced sympathoexcitation in sedentary versus physically active rats
Authors: Matus Lyndsey N. , Flessland Olivia D. , Mueller Patrick J. 
Published: July 2021

Key points
The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) may contribute to sex‐based differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system observed in sedentary male rats; however, the added influence of the reproductive cycle in females is currently unknown.
To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate greater increases in sympathetic nerve activity in response to direct activation of the RVLM in female versus male rats prior to the onset of the reproductive cycle, which persisted after the onset of the reproductive cycle.
Lower resting blood pressures in females also suggest peripheral adaptations contribute to sex‐based differences in CVD.
Sedentary versus physically active conditions appear to promote higher resting sympathetic outflow independent of age and sex.
Our results demonstrate the importance of examining sedentary conditions in the context of sex differences and the reproductive cycle in contributing to sympathetic overactivity associated with cardiovascular disease.
AbstractFemale reproductive hormones are considered cardioprotective based on higher risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in post‐ versus pre‐menopausal women. Similarly, based on epidemiological studies, a sedentary lifestyle is also a major risk factor for CVD. The mechanisms by which sedentary conditions contribute to CVD, and their influences in the presence and absence of female reproductive hormones are unknown. We hypothesized that sexually immature male and female rats would have similar centrally mediated regulation of blood pressure, but upon sexual maturation, female rats would have lower resting blood pressure and centrally‐mediated sympathoexcitation compared to age‐matched males. We also predicted resting sympathetic activity would increase upon exposure to sedentary versus active conditions (voluntary wheel running) in males but not in females. We recorded splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) and blood pressure in 4‐, 8‐ and 16‐week‐old male and female rats under Inactin anaesthesia before and during microinjections of glutamate (1–100 mM) into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Four‐week‐old female rats had lower resting blood pressure and greater sympathoexcitation following activation of the RVLM, as did 8‐ and 16‐week‐old female rats, independent of age or activity condition. Sedentary animals had higher baseline SSNA compared to active animals, independent of sex or age. Our results reveal a complex influence of the interactions between the female reproductive cycle and sedentary conditions. They also demonstrate the importance of examining sedentary conditions in the context of sex‐ and female reproductive cycle‐dependent incidences of cardiovascular disease.
Effects of the Airfoil Section, Chord and Twist Angle Distributions on the Starting Torque of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Ismail Kamal A. R. , Canale Thiago , Lino Fatima A. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Small wind turbines usually suffer from poor efficincy, low power, and lack of public incentives. This study is focused on investigating the effects of the geometry of the airfoil sections and blades on the starting torque and minimum wind speed for energy generation. The blade element momentum theory is used to develop a numerical code where the airfoil S832 is used as a reference for comparison and validation. The investigated parameters include three airfoil sections, Joukowski J9.513, Gottingen GO447, and S832, linear and elliptic chord distributions, linear twist angle distribution, and multiple airfoil sections along the blade. The results show that large local solidity ratio at the intermediate region of elliptic chord distribution produces significant reduction in the local generated torque of about 5–21% and that the linear chord distribution along the blade length increases the torque by about 27–77% and thus permits lower starting wind speeds. For rotors with high solidity ratio as in the case of elliptic chord distribution, the distribution of twist angle for constant angle of attack reduces the generated torque by about 13–19%. The J9.513 airfoil-based rotor shows 20–35% more start torque than the S832 and GO447 airfoils-based rotors. The linear chord distribution shows better results for all the three airfoils-based rotors. The linear twist angle distribution increases significantly the start torque of the rotors with the proposed airfoils sections. The three airfoils S832, GO447, and J9.513 with linear twist angle distribution are viable options for small wind turbines. The J9.513 with linear chord and linear twist angle distribution shows the lowest wind speed for electricity generation. The use of multiple airfoils on the blade length shows marginal improvement of the starting torque.
Analysis of Condensation Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer of a Cryogenic Loop Heat Pipe With Different Heating Powers
Authors: Yan Kaifen , Li Nanxi , Wu Yinong , Xie Rongjian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The cryogenic fluids’ flow performance and condensation characteristics with different heating powers in cryogenic loop heat pipes (CLHPs) have not been studied due to the difficulty of measurement at low temperature. In this study, a test system was designed and fabricated to characterize the condensation flow patterns of propylene CLHP and its heat transfer performance with different heating powers. The results show that the two-phase region length and flow pattern in the condenser were closely related to the operation mode of the CLHP. The vapor front in the condenser oscillated at the condenser inlet at a low heating power, which resulted in an unstable operation of the CLHP. Moreover, by comparing the condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC) with the condensation correlations, the Cavallini correlation is recommended for the design of the CLHP condenser.
A Survey of Web-Based Tools for Collaborative Engineering Design
Authors: Anderson Michael , Chanthavane Spence , Broshkevitch Adam , Braden Paul , Bassford Colton , Kim Matthew , Fantini Michael , Konig Seth , Owens Trent , Sorensen Carl 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Demand is increasing for effective online tools to perform collaborative engineering design by geographically separated teams. In particular, tools that facilitate the concept ideation phase of the engineering design process are sought for immediate implementation in product design. In this work, researchers conducted a literature review, interviews with practicing engineers, and a thorough web search to identify available tools and the desired features and requirements. A set of 100 web-based collaborative tools were identified then filtered down to 18 candidates which met the minimum criteria. These 18 were systematically evaluated by the researchers who rated their satisfaction of 11 requirements. The five highest rated finalist platforms were more thoroughly tested by design teams who used the platforms in design sprint activities. Evaluator ratings and feedback were collected at multiple points and several best practices were discovered during testing. Conceptboard3 received the highest evaluator ratings, with few negative comments, and is expected to be an effective tool for collaborative engineering design.
Foam-Metal Casing Treatment on an Axial Flow Compressor: Stability Improvement and Noise Reduction
Authors: Sun Dakun , Li Jia , Dong Xu , Xu Ruize , Sun Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A set of foam metal casing treatment (FMCT) has been investigated to assess the stability improvement and noise reduction on an axial compressor. Three FMCTs with different PPI (Pores Per Inch), 20, 35, and 50, are tested experimentally. Two installation locations of foam metal in the casing are also considered and investigated. At location 1, it is found that the FMCT improves the stall margin by 5.4–8.7%, and the attenuation of compressor noise is up to 5 dB. At location 2, the stall margin is extended by 22.2–37.1% but increasing the noise mostly. Besides, foam metal at location 1 causes less efficiency loss than that at location 2. Based on the analysis in near-casing pressure distribution, spanwise performance comparison, and stall process, the mechanism of the FMCT for enhancing the compressor stability is also discussed.
Molecular Dynamics of Supercritical Water for Nuclear Data Development
Authors: Hartling Katy , Li Gang , Bentoumi Ghaouti , Yamani Zahra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Canadian supercritical water-cooled reactor was selected as one of the Generation IV International Forum initiatives for reactor design. It uses supercritical light water as a coolant under operating conditions of 25 MPa (250 bar) and 623–898 K. However, the simulation codes used to assess the performance and safety of such a design depend upon the accuracy of available nuclear data parametrizations, which currently do not include models of light water in the supercritical regime. In this paper, we present a study of supercritical water (SCW) through molecular dynamics simulations. Flexible variants of the TIP4P/2005 and simple point charge models for H2O are assessed to determine their ability to reproduce experimental measurements of SCW properties, and their suitability for the future development of nuclear data parametrizations for thermal neutron scattering from SCW. Planned experiments measuring thermal neutron scattering from SCW to inform nuclear data development are also summarized.
The Incorporation of Human Performance Improvement into Systems Design
Authors: Corrado Jonathan K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although considerable research has been conducted on the human-machine interface, this is a moving target as industry sprints to keep up with technological advances. Conflicts remain between the optimism of technology developers and the real-life operational difficulties that accompany the introduction of these systems. The developers typically claim that the new technology will result in performance improvements. Due to the operational complexities introduced, however, the technology may actually decrease user performance. Unfortunately, the complexities confronting operators are difficult for design teams to predict. Incorporating advances in technology is necessary, but should be properly balanced within the confines of the system. It is easy to forget that humans are a vital part of this system. The human, including the human's inclination for error, should be considered a fundamental aspect of the system, reflected in design and accounted for in the design process. Engaged human involvement is necessary for safe and successful system operation, but like all systems, it has its failure modes. Humans' innate propensity for error in system operation should be addressed from multiple fronts. This article proposes a method to minimize the impact of human error throughout life of a facility via incorporation of a human performance improvement model that institutes human error severity criteria, establishment of a system to capture human error data, and via data trending, a process to predict negative behaviors before potential errors or adverse events can occur.
CD11b+CTLA4+myeloid cells are a key driver of tumor evasion in colorectal cancer
Authors: Imazeki Hiroshi , Ogiwara Yamato , Kawamura Mami , Boku Narikazu , Kudo-Saito Chie 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTumor metastasis is the major cause of death of colorectal cancer (CRC), and metastatic CRC remains incurable in many cases despite great advances in genetic and molecular profiling, and clinical development of numerous drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, more effective treatments are urgently needed for the patients in clinical settings.MethodsWe used mouse CRC metastasis models that murine Colon26 cells were subcutaneously and intravenously implanted and attempted to elucidate the tumor biological and immunological mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis. Then, we evaluated in vivo antitumor efficacy induced by agents targeting the identified molecular mechanisms using the mouse models. We validated the clinical relevancy of the findings using peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from stage IV metastatic CRC patients.ResultsCD11b+CTLA4+myeloid cells were systemically expanded in the metastatic settings and facilitated tumor progression and metastasis directly via generating lipid droplets in tumor cells and indirectly via inducing immune exhaustion. These events were mediated by IL1B produced via the CTLA4 signaling from the increased myeloid cells. Blocking CTLA4 and IL1B with the specific mAbs significantly suppressed tumor progression and metastasis in the mouse models resistant to anti-PD1 therapy, and the therapeutic efficacy was optimized by blocking cyclooxygenases with aspirin.ConclusionsThe CD11b+CTLA4+cells are a key driver of tumor evasion, and targeting the CTLA4-IL1B axis could be a promising strategy for treating metastatic CRC. The triple combination regimen with anti-CTLA4/IL1B mAbs and aspirin may be useful in clinical settings.
Is percutaneous coronary intervention safe during uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes?
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Rubboli Andrea , Bolognese Leonardo , Uguccioni Massimo , Lucci Donata , Blengino Simonetta , Campodonico Jeness , Meynet Ilaria , Brach Prever Silvia Maria , Di Lenarda Andrea , Gabrielli Domenico , Gulizia Michele Massimo 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesNo data on optimal management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) on long-term direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are available. Using the data of the Management of Antithrombotic TherApy in Patients with Chronic or DevelOping AtRial Fibrillation During Hospitalization for PCI study, we sought to compare the outcome of patients with ACS and atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent PCI during uninterrupted DOAC (UDOAC group) and those who interrupted DOAC before PCI (IDOAC group).MethodsThe primary outcomes of our analysis were the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of death, cerebrovascular events, recurrent myocardial infarction or revascularisation and net adverse clinical events (NACEs), including major bleeding, at 6 months.ResultsAmong the 132 patients on long-term DOAC, 72 (54.6%) underwent PCI during UDOAC and 60 (45.4%) after IDOAC. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.8±1.7 and 3.9±1.3 (p=0.89), while the HAS-BLED score was 2.5±1.0 and 2.5±0.9 (p=0.96), in UDOAC and IDOAC groups, respectively. The median time from hospital admission to PCI was 9.5 (IQR: 2.0–31.5) hours in UDOAC and 45.5 (IQR: 22-5–92.0) hours in IDOAC group (p<0.0001). A radial approach was used in 92%, and a drug-eluting stent was implanted in 98% of patients. At 6 months, the rates of MACE (13.9% vs 16.7%) and NACE (20.8% vs 21.7%) did not differ between UDOAC and IDOAC groups. At multivariable analysis, increasing CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR: 1.39; 95% CIs 1.05 to 1.83; p=0.02) resulted as the only independent predictor of NACE.ConclusionsOur study shows that PCI is a safe procedure during UDOAC in patients with concomitant ACS and AF.
Contraction fatigue, strength adaptations, and discomfort during conventional versus wide-pulse, high-frequency, neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a systematic review
Authors: Bastos Júlia Aguillar Ivo , Martins Wagner Rodrigues , Júnior Gerson Cipriano , Collins David Frederic , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti 
Published: July 2021

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be delivered in a conventional form (CONVNMES) and using relatively wide-pulses and high-frequencies (WPHFNMES). WPHFNMES is proposed to reduce contraction fatigability and generate larger contractions with less discomfort than CONVNMES; however, there are no systematic reviews to guide the selection of NMES types. This systematic review compared the effects of CONVNMES versus WPHFNMES on contraction fatigability, strength adaptations, and perceived discomfort in clinical and non-clinical populations. Eight studies were included. When averaged across all non-clinical participants in individual short- and long-term studies, there was either no difference between CONVNMES and WPHFNMES for all outcomes or WPHFNMES produced more fatigability. In a subset of non-clinical participants (“responders”), however, WPHFNMES reduced contraction fatigability during a single session. Long-term studies found no differences between protocols for strength adaptations in non-clinical participants and those with multiple sclerosis. We concluded that WPHFNMES reduces contraction fatigability only in the short-term studies and in non-clinical responder participants and may exacerbate fatigability in non-responders. This review was registered in the prospective international registry of systematic reviews/PROSPERO (Registration Number: CRD42020153907). Novelty: WPHF NMES may reduce fatigue in some participants and exacerbate fatigue in others. There were no differences in long-term studies between WPHF and CONV NMES on strength adaptations. Future high-quality research is needed to optimize outcomes of NMES-based programs.
Mechanistic studies on the conversion of NO gas on urea-iron and copper metal organic frameworks at low temperature conditions: in situ infrared spectroscopy and Monte Carlo investigations
Authors: Eid A.M. , Rahman Mohammad A. , Al-Abadleh Hind A. 
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from high-temperature combustion processes under fuel-lean conditions continue to be a challenge for the energy industry. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is possible using metal oxides and zeolites. There is still a need to identify catalytic materials that are efficient in reducing NOx to environmentally benign nitrogen gas at temperatures lower than 200 °C. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a class of highly porous materials with unique physical and chemical properties. This study is motivated by the lack of systematic investigations on SCR using MOFs under industrially relevant conditions. Here, we investigate the extent of NO conversion with two commercially available MOFs, Basolite F300 (Fe-BTC) and HKUST-1 (Cu-BTC), mixed with solid urea as a source for the reductant, ammonia gas. For comparison, experiments were also conducted using cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) as a non-porous counterpart to relate its reactivity to those obtained from MOFs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to identify the gas and surface species in the temperature range of 115–180 °C. Computational analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the adsorption energies of different surface species. The results show that the rate of ammonia production from the in situ solid urea decomposition was higher using CoFe2O4 than Fe-BTC and Cu-BTC and that there was very limited conversion of NO on the mixed solid urea-MOF systems due to site blocking. The main conclusions from this study are that MOFs have limited ability to convert NO under low-temperature conditions and that surface regeneration requires additional experimental steps.
Geomorphology from Earth orbit 1957–2000
Authors: Eckardt Frank D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the technical capabilities of orbital earth observation sensors and considers associated geomorphic user requirements between 1957 and 2000. Early photography from space provides much promise, which is followed by successive dedicated satellite missions. These produce data at ever-greater spatial and spectral resolution, as well as frequency, starting with Landsat 1 in 1972. Users especially in the arid and polar community are drawing on this new technology. However, the wider uptake of data derived from passive systems such as Landsat and other such sensors by geomorphologists is sporadic due to the mismatch between data requirements and systems specifications. Limitations to most geomorphologists would have included data cost, given that even Landsat data were not always freely available, as well as data volume and processing capabilities, which favoured governmental scientists. Active radar data on some levels fulfilled the geomorphic requirements such as retrieval of form and texture, as well as height. Unfortunately, the processing of such image data required significant technical capabilities and was not easy to interpret, given the numerous variables associated with the backscatter of the microwave signal. Early Earth observation missions were deployed at a time when the full extent of global change, driven by anthropogenic activity, had not been fully comprehended. However, older legacy data are now of profound value, since they provide a comparative baseline against which change can be quantified. The study period also saw the gradual transfer of military GPS capabilities to the civilian sector, which facilitated field activities and geometric correction of imagery.