bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are mind–body therapies effective for relieving cancer‐related pain in adults? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Danon Nadia , Al‐Gobari Muaamar , Burnand Bernard , Rodondi Pierre‐Yves 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether mind–body therapies are effective for relieving cancer‐related pain in adults, since at least one‐third of adults with cancer are affected by moderate or severe pain.MethodsWe searched for all randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials that included adults (≥18 years) with cancer‐related pain who were treated with mind–body therapies (mindfulness, hypnosis, yoga, guided imagery, and progressive muscle relaxation) in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Citation Index, Web of Science, trials registers, and reference lists. The primary outcome was pain intensity. We calculated the standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessed the risk of bias.ResultsWe identified 40 primary studies involving a total of 3569 participants. The meta‐analysis included 24 studies (2404 participants) and showed a significant effect of −0.39 (95% CI −0.62 to −0.16) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 86.3%, p < 0.001). After we excluded four “outlier” studies in sensitivity analyses, the effect size remained significant but weaker. There was a high risk of bias in all studies, for example, performance bias due to lack of participant blinding. Patients in multiple settings were included but many studies were of low quality.ConclusionsMind–body therapies may be effective in improving cancer pain, but the quality of the evidence is low. There is a need for further high‐quality clinical trials.
The Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling family of proteins and their potential impact on COVID‐19 disease progression
Authors: Low Zheng Yao , Wen Yip Ashley Jia , Chow Vincent T. K. , Lal Sunil K. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe family of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) proteins plays pivotal roles in cytokine and immune regulation. Despite their key roles, little attention has been given to the SOCS family as compared to other feedback regulators. To date, SOCS proteins have been found to be exploited by viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Zika virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus, influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS‐CoV, just to name a few. The hijacking and subsequent upregulation of the SOCS proteins upon viral infection, suppress the associated JAK‐STAT signalling activities, thereby reducing the host antiviral response and promoting viral replication. Two SOCS protein family members, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are well‐studied and their roles in the JAK‐STAT signalling pathway are defined as attenuating interferon (IFN) signalling upon viral infection. The upregulation of SOCS protein by SARS‐CoV during the early stages of infection implies strong similarity with SARS‐CoV‐2, given their closely related genomic organisation. Thus, this review aims to outline the plausibility of SOCS protein inhibitors as a potential therapeutic regimen for COVID‐19 patients. We also discuss the antagonists against SOCS protein to offer an overview on the previous ‘successes’ of SOCS protein inhibition in various viral infections that may portray possible clues for COVID‐19 disease management.
Ultrafast, High‐Contractile Electrothermal‐Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers towards Artificial Muscles
Authors: Sun Jiahao , Wang Yunpeng , Liao Wei , Yang Zhongqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers are capable of large and reversible deformations, making them an ideal artificial muscle. However, limited to stimulating source and structural design, current LCE fibers have not yet achieved both large contraction ratio and fast contraction rate to perform the intense motion. In this work, electrothermal‐responsive liquid metal (LM) containing LCE (LM‐LCE) fibers is reported. By introducing flexible liquid metal, LM‐LCE fibers retain deformability with a large contraction ratio similar to that of pure LCE fibers and are endowed with electrical responsiveness. Applying precisely controlled electrical stimulation, the contraction ratio and rate of LM‐LCE fibers can be programmed by adjusting voltage value and pulse time. Under electrical stimulation at 1.25 V cm−1, 0.1 s, LM‐LCE fibers can produce over 40% contraction ratio at an ultrafast contraction rate of up to 280% s−1. Furthermore, LM‐LCE fibers mimic human triceps muscle and can conduct precise ball shooting. LM‐LCE fibers with excellent contraction ratio and rate extend their functionality as artificial muscles to perform intense movements and are expected to enrich the challenging applications of soft robots.
The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications
Authors: Franklin Daniel , Marks Murray K. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe modern practice of forensic anthropology is focused on the quantification of skeletal variation based upon a qualitative prowess developed according to theory and method in the parent discipline of biological anthropology. Such morphological variances allow estimates of biological attributes, for example, age, sex, population affinity, stature, pathology of disease processes—among others, that collectively may resolve the identification of unknown forensic human remains. The latter is a basic human right under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) afforded to descendants who go missing in armed conflicts and other violence‐base situations. The specific traditional methods applied by the forensic anthropologist are well established in the published literature and routinely supported by global research that guides graduate programs designed to train the next generation of practitioners. Important in that cornerstone literature and graduate training regimen are aspects of our practice that are increasingly cross‐disciplinary, especially those grounded in the molecular, chemical, and histological sciences. These upper‐tier endeavors supplement and many times, validate, the traditional approaches as dictated by case context. This review focuses on evolving cross‐disciplinary developments and novel research trends in the analysis of human remains that involve the specific expertise of the forensic anthropologist.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Age Assessment
Forensic Anthropology > Anthropology in Mass Disaster & War Crime Contexts
Nonlinear extensions of gravitating dyons: from NUT wormholes to Taub-Bolt instantons
Authors: Flores-Alonso Daniel , Linares Román , Maceda Marco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recent work has shown the existence of a unique nonlinear extension of electromagnetism which preserves conformal symmetry and allows for the freedom of duality rotations. Moreover, black holes and gravitational waves have been found to exist in this nonlinearly extended electrovacuum. We generalise these dyonic black holes in two major ways: with the relaxation of their horizon topology and with the inclusion of magnetic mass. Motivated by recent attention to traversable wormholes, we use this new family of Taub-NUT spaces to construct AdS wormholes. We explore some thermodynamic features by using a semi-classical approach. Our results show that a phase transition between the nut and bolt configurations arises in a similar way to the Maxwellian case.
Hyperthreads in holographic spacetimes
Authors: Harper Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We generalize bit threads to hyperthreads in the context of holographic spacetimes. We define a “k-thread” to be a hyperthread which connects k different boundary regions and posit that it may be considered as a unit of k-party entanglement. Using this new object, we show that the contribution of hyperthreads to calculations of holographic entanglement entropy are generically finite. This is accomplished by constructing a surface whose area determines their maximum allowed contribution. We also identify surfaces whose area is proportional to the maximum number of k-threads, motivating a possible measure of multipartite entanglement. We use this to make connections to the current understanding of multipartite entanglement in holographic spacetimes.
Extranatural flux inflation
Authors: Hirose Takuya , Maru Nobuhito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a new inflation scenario in flux compactification, where a zero mode scalar field of extra components of the higher dimensional gauge field is identified with an inflaton. The scalar field is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken translational symmetry in compactified spaces. The inflaton potential is non-local and finite, which is protected against the higher dimensional non-derivative local operators by quantum gravity corrections thanks to the gauge symmetry in higher dimensions and the shift symmetry originated from the translation in extra spaces. We give an explicit inflation model in a six dimensional scalar QED, which is shown to be consistent with Planck 2018 data.
Noradrenaline modulates neuronal and perceptual visual detectability via β-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Tsunoda Keisuke , Sato Akinori Y. , Mizuyama Ryo , Shimegi Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Noradrenaline (NA) is a neuromodulator secreted from noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus to the whole brain depending on the physiological state and behavioral context. It regulates various brain functions including vision via three major adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes. Previous studies investigating the noradrenergic modulations on vision reported different effects, including improvement and impairment of perceptual visual sensitivity in rodents via β-AR, an AR subtype. Therefore, it remains unknown how NA affects perceptual visual sensitivity via β-AR and what neuronal mechanisms underlie it.

Objectives
The current study investigated the noradrenergic modulation of perceptual and neuronal visual sensitivity via β-AR in the primary visual cortex (V1).

Methods
We performed extracellular multi-point recordings from V1 of rats performing a go/no-go visual detection task under the head-fixed condition. A β-AR blocker, propranolol (10 mM), was topically administered onto the V1 surface, and the drug effect on behavioral and neuronal activities was quantified by comparing pre-and post-drug administration.

Results
The topical administration of propranolol onto the V1 surface significantly improved the task performance. An analysis of the multi-unit activity in V1 showed that propranolol significantly suppressed spontaneous activity and facilitated the visual response of the recording sites in V1. We further calculated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), finding that the SNR was significantly improved after propranolol administration.

Conclusions
Pharmacological blockade of β-AR in V1 improves perceptual visual detectability by modifying the SNR of neuronal activity.
Pre-medication with oral anticoagulants is associated with better outcomes in a large multinational COVID-19 cohort with cardiovascular comorbidities
Authors: Rieder Marina , Gauchel Nadine , Kaier Klaus , Jakob Carolin , Borgmann Stefan , Classen Annika Y. , Schneider Jochen , Eberwein Lukas , Lablans Martin , Rüthrich Maria , Dolff Sebastian , Wille Kai , Haselberger Martina , Heuzeroth Hanno , Bode Christoph , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Rieg Siegbert , Duerschmied Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsCoagulopathy and venous thromboembolism are common findings in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are associated with poor outcome. Timely initiation of anticoagulation after hospital admission was shown to be beneficial. In this study we aim to examine the association of pre-existing oral anticoagulation (OAC) with outcome among a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.Methods and resultsWe analysed the data from the large multi-national Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (LEOSS) from March to August 2020. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were eligible for inclusion. We retrospectively analysed the association of pre-existing OAC with all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome measures included COVID-19-related mortality, recovery and composite endpoints combining death and/or thrombotic event and death and/or bleeding event. We restricted bleeding events to intracerebral bleeding in this analysis to ensure clinical relevance and to limit reporting errors. A total of 1 433 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were analysed, while 334 patients (23.3%) had an existing premedication with OAC and 1 099 patients (79.7%) had no OAC. After risk adjustment for comorbidities, pre-existing OAC showed a protective influence on the endpoint death (OR 0.62,P = 0.013) as well as the secondary endpoints COVID-19-related death (OR 0.64,P = 0.023) and non-recovery (OR 0.66,P = 0.014). The combined endpoint death or thrombotic event tended to be less frequent in patients on OAC (OR 0.71,P = 0.056).ConclusionsPre-existing OAC is protective in COVID-19, irrespective of anticoagulation regime during hospital stay and independent of the stage and course of disease.Graphic abstract
Mobile health solutions for atrial fibrillation detection and management: a systematic review
Authors: Hermans Astrid N. L. , Gawalko Monika , Dohmen Lisa , van der Velden Rachel M. J. , Betz Konstanze , Duncker David , Verhaert Dominique V. M. , Heidbuchel Hein , Svennberg Emma , Neubeck Lis , Eckstein Jens , Lane Deirdre A. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Crijns Harry J. G. M. , Sanders Prashanthan , Hendriks Jeroen M. , Pluymaekers Nikki A. H. A. , Linz Dominik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim
We aimed to systematically review the available literature on mobile Health (mHealth) solutions, including handheld and wearable devices, implantable loop recorders (ILRs), as well as mobile platforms and support systems in atrial fibrillation (AF) detection and management.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The electronic databases PubMed (NCBI), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane were searched for articles published until 10 February 2021, inclusive. Given that the included studies varied widely in their design, interventions, comparators, and outcomes, no synthesis was undertaken, and we undertook a narrative review.

Results
We found 208 studies, which were deemed potentially relevant. Of these studies included, 82, 46, and 49 studies aimed at validating handheld devices, wearables, and ILRs for AF detection and/or management, respectively, while 34 studies assessed mobile platforms/support systems. The diagnostic accuracy of mHealth solutions differs with respect to the type (handheld devices vs wearables vs ILRs) and technology used (electrocardiography vs photoplethysmography), as well as application setting (intermittent vs continuous, spot vs longitudinal assessment), and study population.

Conclusion
While the use of mHealth solutions in the detection and management of AF is becoming increasingly popular, its clinical implications merit further investigation and several barriers to widespread mHealth adaption in healthcare systems need to be overcome.

Graphic abstract
Mobile health solutions for atrial fibrillation detection and management: a systematic review.
Undermining during cutaneous wound closure for wounds less than 3 cm in diameter: a randomized split wound comparative effectiveness trial
Authors: Joo Jayne , Pourang Aunna , Tchanque-Fossuo Catherine N. , Armstrong April W. , Tartar Danielle M. , King Thomas H. , Sivamani Raja K. , Eisen Daniel B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUndermining is thought to improve wound outcomes; however, randomized controlled data regarding its efficacy are lacking in humans. The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to determine whether undermining low to moderate tension wounds improves scar cosmesis compared to wound closure without undermining. Fifty-four patients, 18 years or older, undergoing primary linear closure of a cutaneous defect with predicted postoperative closure length of ≥ 3 cm on any anatomic site were screened. Four patients were excluded, 50 patients were enrolled, and 48 patients were seen in follow-up. Wounds were divided in half and one side was randomized to receive either no undermining or 2 cm of undermining. The other side received the unselected intervention. Three months, patients and 2 masked observers evaluated each scar using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). A total of 50 patients [mean (SD) age, 67.6 (11.5) years; 31 (64.6%) male; 48 (100%) white] were enrolled in the study. The mean (SD) sum of the POSAS observer component scores was 12.0 (6.05) for the undermined side and 11.1 (4.68) for the non-undermined side (P = .60). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean (SD) sum of the patient component for the POSAS score between the undermined side [15.9 (9.07)] and the non-undermined side [13.33 (6.20)] at 3 months. For wounds under low to moderate perceived tension, no statistically significant differences in scar outcome or total complications were noted between undermined wound halves and non-undermined halves.Trail Registry: Clinical trials.gov Identifier NCT02289859. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02289859.
What matters in making demand-based decisions: Time alone or difficulty too?
Authors: Janczyk Markus , Feghhi Iman , Rosenbaum David A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhich task is easier, doing arithmetic problems of specified form for some specified duration, or carrying a bucket of specified weight over some specified distance? If it is possible to choose between the “more cognitive” task and the “more physical” task, how are the difficulty levels of the tasks compared? We conducted two experiments in which participants chose the easier of two tasks, one that involved solving addition or multiplication problems (Experiment 1) or addition problems with different numbers of addends (Experiment 2) for varying amounts of time (in both experiments), and one that involved carrying a bucket of different weights over a fixed distance (in both experiments). We found that the probability of choosing to do the bucket task was higher when the bucket was empty than when it was weighted, and increased when the cognitive task was harder and its duration grew. We could account for the choice probabilities by mapping the independent variables onto one abstract variable, Φ. The functional identity of Φ remains to be determined. It could be interpreted as an inferred effort variable, subjective duration, or an abstract, amodal common code for difficulty.
The importance of prenol lipids in mitigating salt stress in the leaves of Tilia × euchlora trees
Authors: Baczewska-Dąbrowska Aneta H. , Dmuchowski Wojciech , Gozdowski Dariusz , Gworek Barbara , Jozwiak Adam , Swiezewska Ewa , Dąbrowski Piotr , Suwara Irena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Key message
Plants use multiple mechanisms to deal with salt stress. Salt stress increases the content of polyprenols inTilia’s leaves, which may mitigate stress.

Abstract
De-icing salt has been used on streets and pavements in most northern countries since the 1960s. Salt stress limits all vital functions of trees. Tilia × euchlora is planted in many cities given its unique decorative qualities. The aim of this study was to determine the tree strategy to mitigate salt stress due to the synthesis of polyprenols in leaves. Many years of observations have demonstrated that trees of the same species growing in the same street conditions may have extremely different health statuses. The study consisted of two experiments: a field experiment with urban street trees growing in saline soils and a controlled pot experiment with young trees exposed to increasing doses of salt. The differences between the young trees from the pot experiment and older trees from the field experiment were expressed in their ability to synthesize polyprenols. In urban conditions, the tree leaves with less damage contained significantly more polyprenols than did those with more damage. The salt stress mitigation strategy may be related to the ability to synthesize polyprenols. This ability can be acquired through adaptation by older trees. The mechanism involves limiting the transport of Cl− and Na+ to leaves. In the pot experiment, the young trees did not exhibit this ability.
Die Angst vor dem Sinnverlust nach der Diagnose Demenz. Eine Rekonstruktion unter Bezug auf Susan Wolf
Authors: Hiekel Susanne 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungVerbunden mit dem drohenden Verlust von kognitiven Kapazitäten und der Veränderung der eigenen Persönlichkeit, ist zu vermuten, dass bei Demenzerkrankungen ein Sinnverlust vom Erkrankten befürchtet wird. Es ist Aufgabe dieses Papers aufzuklären, was es mit einer solch meist diffus empfundenen Angst auf sich hat. Dazu wird ein Deutungsangebot gemacht, das auf die Sinnkonzeption Susan Wolfs zurückgreift. Es wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, bis zu einem gewissen Grad der Demenz ein sinnvolles Leben zu führen – ein Leben, bei dem subjektiv Anziehendes und rational (bzw. objektiv) Wertvolles zusammengreifen müssen. Dies ist möglich, weil ein Mensch mit Demenz noch über entsprechende Fähigkeiten der Wertschätzung verfügt und eine Hilfsbedürftigkeit der Befähigung zu einem sinnvollen Leben nicht widerspricht. Bei einer sehr schweren Beeinträchtigung der kognitiven Kapazitäten wird es hingegen nicht mehr möglich sein, ein solches Leben zu leben; die solcherart erkrankte Person wird dies aber auch nicht mehr vermissen. Wenn das, was man mit der Demenzerkrankung zu verlieren befürchtet, durch das Sinnverständnis Wolfs getroffen ist, dann sollte man diese Überlegungen bei der Beurteilung einer empfundenen Angst berücksichtigen.
Is there a variance in complication types associated with ALIF approaches? A systematic review
Authors: Feeley Aoife , Feeley Iain , Clesham Kevin , Butler Joseph 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a well-established alternative to posterior-based interbody fusion techniques, with approach variations, such as retroperitoneal, transperitoneal, open, and laparoscopic well described. Variable rates of complications for each approach have been enumerated in the literature. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the comparative rates of complications across approach type.

Methods
A systematic review of search databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and OVID Medline was made to identify studies related to complication-associated ALIF. PRISMA guidelines were utilised for this review. Meta-analysis was used to compare intraoperative and postoperative complications with ALIF for each approach.

Results
A total of 4575 studies were identified, with 5728 patients across 31 studies included for review following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated the transperitoneal approach resulted in higher rates of retrograde ejaculation (RE) (p < 0.001; CI = 0.05–0.21) and overall rates of complications (p = 0.05; CI = 0.00–0.23). Rates of RE were higher at the L5/S1 intervertebral level. Rates of vessel injury were not significantly higher in either approach method (p = 0.89; CI =  − 0.04–0.07). Rates of visceral injury did not appear to be related to approach method. Laparoscopic approaches resulted in shorter inpatient stays (p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Despite the transperitoneal approach being comparatively underpowered, its use appears to result in a significantly higher rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications, although confounders including use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and spinal level should be considered. Laparoscopic approaches resulted in shorter hospital stays; however, its steep learning curve and longer operative time have deterred surgeons from its widespread adaptation.