bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Array shape calibration with phase unwrapping techniques for highly deformed arrays
Authors: Yu Mengling , Yang Yixin , Yang Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFlexible sensor arrays, such as towed and bottom‐mounted arrays, typically suffer from large shape deformations, which seriously affect the results of array processing. In this article, an innovative array shape calibration method with phase unwrapping techniques for highly deformed arrays is proposed. The deformed array is divided into several subarrays, and the first subarray is assumed to suffer from slight shape deformations which can be pre‐calibrated. With the consideration of highly deformed arrays, uncalibrated sensors in other subarrays would have serious position mismatches. The phase differences between uncalibrated and pre‐calibrated sensors are probably larger than , which lead to phase ambiguity problems. A phase unwrapping technique is proposed to efficiently solve the phase ambiguity problem by considering the physical structure constraints of the deformed array, such as intersensor distance and bending angle. Then, sensor positions in highly deformed arrays are calibrated with multiple target directions. Simulation results evaluate the performance of the proposed calibration method, and the SwellEx‐96 shallow water experiment data set is utilised to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A mobility‐aware cluster‐based MAC protocol for radio‐ frequency energy harvesting cognitive wireless sensor networks
Authors: Obaid Arif , Fernando Xavier , Jaseemuddin Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCognitive wireless sensor networks (CWSN) are severely energy constrained and radio frequency (RF) wireless energy harvesting (RFWEH) has been shown to improve the network lifetime. In many CWSN applications, node mobility imposes challenges owing to changing network topology. Therefore, the design of a new medium access control (MAC) protocol that can handle node mobility as well as energy harvesting is required. A cluster‐based multihop MAC protocol (RMAC‐M) is proposed that incorporates RF energy harvesting in a mobility‐aware CWSN. Our protocol selects cluster heads using an algorithm based on an R‐factor parameter consisting of residual node energy, residual node data and node speed, with appropriate weights. It then transmits data packages using a multitier super cluster head routing mechanism without the need for neighbour discovery. The multitier clustering and RFWEH mechanisms boost the energy performance of the network, increasing its lifetime. On the other hand, time slots allocated for RFWEH increase delay, thereby affecting system latency. Owing to its unique nature, the proposed algorithm has no comparable protocols in the literature. For the sake of completeness, RMAC‐M is compared with well‐known MAC protocols such as LEACH‐M and KoNMAC that do not have energy harvesting or mobility features. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol increases the lifetime of the CWSN nodes substantially, promising a self‐sustainable network in terms of energy. Furthermore, despite the allocation of time slots for energy harvesting, critical network parameters such as throughput, packet loss and average delay remain within target levels.
Support for Regulatory Assessment of Percutaneous Absorption of Retronecine-type Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids through Human Skin
Authors: Plaza Alberto , Toner Frank , Harris James , Ottersbach Peter , Roper Clive , Mahony Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are found naturally in Symphytum officinale, well known as comfrey, which has a longstanding use for the topical treatment of painful muscle and joint complaints. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are a relevant concern for the safety assessment due to their liver genotoxicity profile, and close attention is paid during manufacturing to minimizing their levels. Current regulatory risk assessment approaches include setting limits that derive from toxicity data coming from the oral route of exposure. This study investigated to what extent pyrrolizidine alkaloids are bioavailable following topical exposure, assessing penetration of retronecine-type PAs in an in vitro human skin model. A single comfrey root formulation was spiked with 3 different congeners (a 7R-monoester, an open-chained 7R-diester, and a cyclic diester) and percutaneous absorption measured per OECD guidelines and good laboratory practices. The measured
penetration for all 3 PAs was low and compared favourably with existing in vitro data. Although consideration of different regulatory guidance influences the determination of dermally absorbed dose, these data facilitate the understanding of absorption differences following topical exposure, which in turn can be taken into account in the risk assessment.
The Interaction Effect between Comorbidity Burden and Venous Thromboembolism on Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Bonnesen Kasper , Schmidt Morten , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Comorbidity influences venous thromboembolism (VTE) mortality, but it is unknown whether this is due to comorbidity alone or whether biological interaction exists.
Objectives We examined whether comorbidity and VTE interact to increase VTE mortality beyond their individual effects.
Methods This nationwide population-based cohort study included all VTE patients ≥18 years during 2000 to 2016, and an age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched comparison cohort of individuals without VTE. We computed age-standardized mortality rates and examined interaction on the additive scale using interaction contrasts (difference in rate differences).
Results After 30-day follow-up, the mortality rate per 1,000 person-years among individuals with no comorbidity was 419 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 391–447) in the VTE and 16 (95% CI: 13–18) in the comparison cohort (rate difference: 403). The corresponding mortality rate increased to 591 (95% CI: 539–643) in the VTE cohort and 38 (95% CI: 33–44) in the comparison cohort among individuals with low comorbidity (rate difference: 553). The interaction contrast (150) showed that 25% (150/591) of mortality was explained by the interaction in individuals with low comorbidity. This percentage increased to 56% for moderate and 63% for severe comorbidity. Interaction effects were largest within 30-day follow-up, for provoked VTE, in young individuals, and in individuals noncompliant to anticoagulant therapy. Dose–response patterns for interaction effects were also observed after 31–365-day and >1–5-year follow-up (p < 0.0001). Interaction effects varied between individual comorbidities.
Conclusion Biological interaction between comorbidity and VTE explained a substantial proportion of VTE mortality. The interaction effect increased with comorbidity burden.
Scaphotrapezoid Assessment during Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Fram Brianna R. , Hozack Bryan , Ilyas Asif M. , Jones Christopher , Rivlin Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Due to limited sensitivity of radiographs for scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) arthritis and the high rate of concurrence between thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) and STT arthritis, intraoperative visualization of the STT joint is recommended during CMC arthroplasty.
Purpose We quantified the percentage of trapezoid facet of the scaphotrapezoid (ST) joint that could be visualized during this approach, and compared it to the degree of preoperative radiographic STT arthritis.
Methods We performed dorsal surgical approach to the thumb CMC joint after obtaining fluoroscopic anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique wrist radiographs of 11 cadaver wrists. After trapeziectomy, the ST joint was inspected and the visualized portion of the trapezoid articulation marked with an electrocautery. The trapezoid was removed, photographed, and the marked articular surface area and total surface area were independently measured by two authors using an image analysis software. The radiographs were analyzed for the presence of STT arthritis.
Results The mean visualized trapezoid surface area during standard approach for CMC arthroplasty was 60.3% (standard deviation: 24.6%). The visualized percentage ranged widely from 16.7 to 96.5%. There was no significant correlation between degree of radiographic arthritis and visualized percentage of the joint (p = 0.77).
Conclusions: On average, 60% of the trapezoid joint surface was visualized during routine approach to the thumb CMC joint, but with very large variability. Direct visualization of the joint did not correlate with the degree of radiographic STT arthritis.
Clinical Relevance A combination of clinical examination, pre- and intraoperative radiographs, and intraoperative visualization should be utilized to assess for STT osteoarthritis and determine the need for surgical treatment.
Level of Evidence This is a Cadaveric Research Article.
Irrational risk-taking of professionals? The relationship between risk exposures and previous profits
Authors: Berlinger Edina , Dömötör Barbara , Szűcs Balázs Árpád 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe risk attitude of investors is a key factor determining financial asset prices and market trends. Changes in risk attitude may be due to the interference of macro-level (business cycle) and micro-level (individual experience) effects. We investigate the impact of individual experience on the subsequent risk-taking attitude of professionals via the analysis of the trading activity of 351 non-financial firms and (non-bank) financial institutions (insurance companies, financial intermediaries, etc.) covering 57,039 FX forward transactions in a highly volatile period between January 2008 and November 2012. Panel regressions for all firms and institutions do not show significant behavioral patterns. When investigating each client separately, however, we find that 39.7% of the clients having enough transactions to analyze statistically tend to increase their risk exposure irrationally after large gains or losses which can be the manifestation of the break-even and house-money effects well-documented in the literature for non-professionals. This irrational behavior may destroy value, so both market players and regulators should pay attention to monitor and control it.
Factuality lens
Authors: Su Danjie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhy do speakers choose the Mandarin Chinese unmarked passive construction (UP) in conversation when they have other grammatical alternatives with roughly the same semantics? From the perspective of subjectivity, this study identifies the Factuality lens, a lens through which a situation is presented as a “fact” or a “truth” regardless of reality. My analysis of a video corpus of spontaneous talk show conversations using the discourse adjacent alternation method reveals that speakers tend to choose UP over other constructions to present a transitive event through the Factuality lens by emphasizing the factuality of a fact or making a non-fact appear as a fact – either deceivingly or openly in a fictitious narrative or a joke. The findings reveal that grammatical constructions can linguistically recreate a situation different from reality. The conclusion that Factuality lens is a factor that could influence speakers’ grammatical choice casts light on pragmatic consequence of grammatical choice and subjectivity in language use.
Tachyonic preheating in Palatini R
2 inflation
Authors: Karam Alexandros , Tomberg Eemeli , Veermäe Hardi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study preheating in the Palatini formalism with a quadratic inflaton potential and an added αR
2 term. In such models, the oscillating inflaton field repeatedly returns to the plateau of the Einstein frame potential, on which the tachyonic instability fragments the inflaton condensate within less than an e-fold. We find that tachyonic preheating takes place when α ≳ 1013 and that the energy density of the fragmented field grows with the rate Γ/H ≈ 0.011 × α0.31. The model extends the family of plateau models with similar preheating behaviour. Although it contains non-canonical quartic kinetic terms in the Einstein frame, we show that, in the first approximation, these can be neglected during both preheating and inflation.
Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of crystals
Authors: Mabillard Joël , Gaspard Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The local equilibrium approach previously developed by the authors (J Mabillard and P Gaspard 2020 J. Stat. Mech. 103203) for matter with broken symmetries is applied to crystalline solids. The macroscopic hydrodynamics of crystals and their local thermodynamic and transport properties are deduced from the microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics. In particular, the Green–Kubo formulas are obtained for all the transport coefficients. The eight hydrodynamic modes and their dispersion relation are studied for general and cubic crystals. In the same twenty crystallographic classes as those compatible with piezoelectricity, cross effects coupling transport between linear momentum and heat or crystalline order are shown to split the degeneracy of damping rates for modes propagating in opposite generic directions.
The Awareness of Lean Manufacturing Implemented Practices in SME in Sabah State: TQM And TPM Practices Approach
Authors: Adzrie M , Armi M A S M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the awareness of implemented practices that already applied and the implementation of lean manufacturing practice of Total Quality Management (TQM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) on Small Medium Enterprise (SME) companies in Sabah. Regarding the implementation of TQM and TPM practices of lean manufacturing, this study evaluates the awareness implementation of lean manufacturing practices TQM and TPM among manufacturing company located in Sabah before analyzing the respondent survey data. As to know better the awareness of TQM and TPM practices, a study of the awareness of lean manufacturing implemented practices was conducted which to identify the practices that already been implement and the pillars practices that highly and lowest implemented to the SME’s companies in term of TQM and TPM practices. The scope of this study has covered the manufacturing company of drinking manufacturing industry that is actively operating in Sabah, specifically on Small Medium Enterprise (SME) companies. The methodology used for the study was by survey questionnaire which contains open and closed ended questions, sent out to desired respondents. The outcomes of the analysed data were created using descriptive statistics by explaining the trends in dataset and Cronbach’s Alpha to test the internal reliability of the item. This study finds significant evident of the implementation of lean manufacturing and its practices among SME’s drinking manufacturing companies in Sabah, as well as the awareness implementation of lean manufacturing practices with a statistical value.
Optimal control on the attitude rotation of a flexible satellite model base on tetrahedral configured reaction wheels
Authors: Vil Cherd T. , Hazadura N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increase in demand for performance for satellite capabilities has pushed the design of the system to be more power consuming. Currently, most of the satellite design are equipped with large solar panel in order to produce sufficient power. Thus, this translates to a higher flexibility in the satellite which makes the satellite prone to vibratory motion. The primary cause of vibratory motion in satellite is the attitude rotation. Reaction wheel is a widely used attitude rotation actuator for a satellite Commonly, the reaction wheels are configured in the tetrahedral form. This causes uneven maximum torque at any direction. Hence, an iterative optimal control method is applied using GPOPS toolbox to achieve minimum time of rotation with low level of induced vibratory motion. The optimized control is compared with the Eigen-axis Quaternion Feedback control to observe the performance of the optimal control. Depending on the direction of attitude manoeuvre, the optimal control has shown an improvement between 3.49% to 25.11% in manoeuvre time. Overall, the optimal control outperformed the traditional the Eigen-axis Quaternion Feedback control.
Line of sight visibility analysis for foreign object debris detection system
Authors: Fizza G , Idrus S M , Iqbal F , Hassan W H W , Shibagaki N , Kashima K , Hamzah A , Ambran S , Kawanishi T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is challenging to monitor busy airports’ runway through visual inspection to precisely detect foreign object debris. Currently, many technologies for the detection of foreign object debris are available. It has been investigated that millimeter-wave radar technology’s detection capability can be one of the most effective techniques for detecting foreign object debris as it is weather-resilient. However, the positioning and height of a millimeter-wave radar pole covering the runway area, considering the existing runway infrastructure, are challenging. The task involves finding the appropriate placement and optimum height. This paper presents a novel method of line of sight visibility for placement and height of radar pole using human factor research to ensure that each point on the runway is visible from various heights of the millimeter-wave radar pole to the runway locations. Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia runway 32L/14R, has used a case study to test the visibility analysis. The visual analytic test’s successful results for different millimeter-wave radar pole locations and viewing heights under a visible and invisible line of sight conditions on the runway have been verified in the field experiment.
Prediction of Transformer Health Index Using Condition Situation Monitoring (CSM) Diagnostic Techniques
Authors: Abdullah AM , Ali R , Yaacob SB , Mansur TMNT , Baharudin NH 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents newly developed condition situation monitoring (CSM) diagnostic techniques for predicting the health index and health condition of practical cases in any working transformer. Investigation on measurement and testing can produce results on the insulation resistance between phase and ground test, polarization index with different time duration test, winding resistance of transformer while winding tap changer rating transformer can be determined by the performance health index of the transformer. Real data was collected from 8 units of transformers from Company Transformer Manufacturing and Servicing (CTMS) in Malaysia. The data was applied to calculate the healthy index to provide the transformer performance indicator condition. The main purpose for the use of transformer health index is to indicate the condition of the transformer and attend to failures that can be prevented, with consequences on safety and cost.
Classification of Body Mass Index Based Facial Images using Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Ali H , Yee O S , Wan Ahmad W K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Human faces contain rich information. Recent studies found that facial features have relation with human weight or body mass index (BMI). Decoding “facial information” from the face in predicting the BMI could be linked to the various health marker. This paper proposed the classification of body mass index (BMI) based on appearance based features of facial images using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) as feature extraction technique. The facial images that describe the body mass index was extracted using EMD to obtain a set of significant features. In this framework, the facial image was decomposed using EMD to produce a small set of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) via sifting process. The IMF features which exhibit the unique pattern were used to classify the BMI. The obtained features were then fed into machine learning classifier such as k-nearest neighbour and support vector machines (SVM) to classify the three BMI classes namely normal, overweight and obese. The obtained results show that the IMF2 feature using SVM classifier achieved recognition rate of 99.12% which show promising result.
Analysis of Energy Management Using PI Logic Controller Technique for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Bahri M F , Aazmi M A , Fahmi M I , Abd Jalil M A , Fang L H , Chong L W , Ahamad N B , Ananda-Rao K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Batteries are the primary energy storage for electric vehicles. Often the power of the battery cannot be adequate to satisfy the demands of heavy loads. Simultaneously with the battery source, secondary capacity, such as a super-capacitor, can be used to fulfil the power demand where ultra-capacitors meet the high-frequency specifications. Ultracapacitor can be used to inhibit the recycling of the high-current transient battery. In the course of the battery recycling impacts battery life, charging device with high current. This paper is focused on a PI control system for electric vehicle management and the selected MATLAB / Simulink simulation framework. The result from the energy management system that is using shows that with PI controller, the voltage and current more stable compared to the design without using PI controller.
Comparative Study of Three Methods for Determining Weibull Parameters in Pauh Putra, Perlis
Authors: Thiraphorn B L , Leow W Z , Irwan Y M , Safwati I , Irwanto M , Ananda-Rao K , Amelia A R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper studied about analysis characteristics of wind speed at Pauh Putra, Perlis, where nearest to Chuping station, Perlis, Malaysia. The wind speed characteristics consist of monthly and annual wind speed in Perlis, Malaysia. By using Weibull distribution, three different methods to calculate the potential of wind power generation and analysis the characteristics of wind speed at Pauh Putra, Perlis. The results present the means wind speed is 1.0790 m/s and 1.1321 m/s for 2018 and 2019, respectively. The highest monthly mean wind speed occurred in February for both years, 2018 and 2019. Besides, the lowest monthly wind speed for 2018 in May and for 2019 in October. The Weibull distribution summarized the highest probability density is 120% in the wind speed, 1.1 m/s using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) method for these two years. Furthermore, this research found that the Energy Pattern Factor (EPF) Method is stretched to the right, and its height decreased from other methods for both years based on the graph of the wind speed of probability density function. The Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) for these two years is higher because its shape parameters are relatively higher based on the graph of the wind speed of probability density function.