bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process data based estimation of tool wear on punching machines using TCN-Autoencoder from raw time-series information
Authors: Asahi Shota , Karadogan Celalettin , Tamura Satoshi , Hayamizu Satoru , Liewald Mathias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tracking the wear states of tools on punching machines is necessary to reduce scrap rates. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate wear state of punches using Temporal Convolutional Network Autoencoder (TCN-Autoencoder), one of the deep learning techniques for learning time-series information with convolutional architecture. Approach involves inputting raw time-series information, such as sensor, vibration and audio data, into TCN-Autoencoder, and calculating the reconstruction error between the output and the input data. The reconstruction error is used as “anomaly score” and indicates the distance from the normal state. By training TCN-Autoencoder only with data annotated as “normal” state, the reconstruction error becomes larger when inputting abnormal state data, which corresponds the wear state of the punch. Performance is evaluated on experimental measurement data that spans various wear states of the punch. The results showed our model can estimate anomalies faster than the conventional machine-learning-based anomaly estimation method, while maintaining the high estimation accuracy. This is due to TCN-Autoencoder being able to learn from both frequency and time domain.
Variance based sensitivity analysis of deep drawing processes based on neural networks using Sobol indices
Authors: Kott M , Kraft M , Emrich A , Groche P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today’s deep drawing of car body parts is operated increasingly closer to the process limits, making it more challenging to ensure a high robustness of the process. Disturbances like varying material properties or changing tribological conditions may negatively affect the process, leading to deteriorated product properties and a loss of productivity. In the past, several approaches using different combinations of sensors and actuators to build up a control system have been investigated to fulfil the need of a more robust process. Hence, a thorough process analysis comes to be beneficial to evaluate the expediency of a control system and to make a reasonable preselection of sensors in order to avoid unnecessary costs. This paper presents a method using variant simulations to evaluate the expediency of a control system, including the necessary sensors. The influence of disturbances in the process is evaluated by a numerical sensitivity analysis under consideration of interaction effects. These higher order effects are calculated by Monte Carlo integration. Potential measurands are determined by the maximum achievable observability of not directly measurable quality criteria of a part. For this purpose, different modelling approaches of the observability are considered and compared with regard to their goodness-of-fit.
Approaches to analysing scatter in forming simulations: from fundamental to pragmatic
Authors: Atzema E. H. , Scholting M.E. , Abspoel M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Including scatter in material properties has received attention in the last decades but, it is not fully mature yet. Industry has cooperated with academia to progress the topic, but at the same time devised simpler ways to start analysis anyway. Robustness analysis is a pre-requisite for process optimisation. Tata Steel has been in material modelling for Sheet Metal Forming for many years and has developed its own yield locus model to enable better customer support. The accuracy of this Vegter model comes at a price, however: more parameters to be measured. Wiebenga devised a robustness analysis but it requires more input than is usually available. At the same time leading software vendors introduced options to evaluate statistical behaviour. Obviously, process optimisation is only useful when accurate models can be employed, so in this paper we will focus on how the scatter in material properties translates in scatter in yield locus for the BBC2005 model vs. Vegter 2017. Automated statistical analysis was not available for Vegter 2017. So, finally, to enable estimation of scatter in forming processes in the short term with Vegter individual simulations were done on a selected number of input datasets. This is shown to give markedly different results to BBC2005.
Microbial bioelectrochemical cells for hydrogen generation based on irradiated semiconductor photoelectrodes
Authors: Morgante Michele , Vlachopoulos Nick , Hagfeldt Anders , Fischer Fabian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, one of the most important challenges of the 21st century is to satisfy the ever-increasing world’s energy demand. Many efforts are being undertaken to find alternative renewable energy sources, which ideally should outcompete fossil fuel use in all its aspects. In this respect, photo-assisted microbial bioelectrochemical cells (MBECs) in which the reduction of water to hydrogen takes place have been of considerable interest in recent years. Two categories of such systems have been investigated: MBECs with a semiconductor photocathode or photoanode, and hybrid systems, in which an MBEC cell with dark electrodes is coupled to an electrochemical photovoltaic cell. A common denominator of all these systems is the need of microorganisms at the anode, the action of which results in the generation of an electron flow by organic matter oxidation. The aim of this review is to describe the general working principles, with respect to both biochemical and electrochemical aspects, and the performance of various categories of hydrogen-generating photo-assisted MBECs.
All-electron full-potential implementation of real-time TDDFT in exciting
Authors: Rodrigues Pela Ronaldo , Draxl Claudia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Linearized augmented planewaves combined with local-orbitals (LAPW + lo) are arguably the most precise basis set to represent Kohn–Sham states. When employed within real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT), they promise ultimate precision achievable for exploring the evolution of electronic excitations. In this work, we present an implementation of RT-TDDFT in the full-potential LAPW + lo code exciting. We benchmark our results against those obtained by linear-response TDDFT with exciting and by RT-TDDFT calculations with the Octopus code, finding a satisfactory level of agreement. To illustrate possible applications of our implementation, we have chosen three examples: the dynamic behavior of excitations in MoS2 induced by a laser pulse, the third harmonic generation in silicon, and a pump–probe experiment in diamond. Besides, we provide further benchmark results.
Hand-Arm Vibration Exposure in Rock Drill Workers: A Comparison between Measurements with Hand-Attached and Tool-Attached Accelerometers
Authors: Clemm Thomas , Nordby Karl-Christian , Lunde Lars-Kristian , Ulvestad Bente , Bråtveit Magne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the hazard of tool vibrations, we need valid exposure measurements. The use of hand-attached accelerometers (vibration sensors) to measure hand-arm vibrations (HAVs) has become a popular approach. However, according to International Standard ISO 5349-2, the preferred attachment of accelerometers is at the tool handle. We compared measures of HAV between hand- and tool-attached accelerometers in rock drilling.

Methods
We measured HAV in five rock drillers using jackleg drills in normal working operations with simultaneous measures of both hand-attached and tool-attached accelerometers. Five to seven measurement cycles of 15 s were executed on each worker, resulting in a total of 29 measurement cycles. To identify possible differences in working technique, we recorded videos of tool handle handgrips during drilling.

Results
There was a significant difference (9.5 m s−2; P ≤ 0.05) in vibration magnitudes measured by the tool-attached accelerometers compared with the hand-attached accelerometers. The hand-attached accelerometer showed a lower vibration magnitude for all workers (range of difference: 2.3–14.6). The variation between the two accelerometer attachments was larger between workers than within workers (ICC = 0.68).

Conclusions
For measurements of HAV from jackleg drills, the use of hand-attached accelerometers may cause a lower recorded vibration level compared with tool-attached accelerometers. This difference is likely to vary depending on how workers grip the tool handle, and a misclassification of exposure will occur if workers grip the tool handle in a way that makes the accelerometer lose contact with the vibrating surface. Individual differences in how workers grip the tool handles should be considered when assessing HAV.
DUSP4 promotes the carcinogenesis of CCRCC via negative regulation of autophagic death
Authors: Zeng Xianyou , Zhu Changyan , Zhu Xianxin 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTDUSP4 is considered as an oncogenic gene. However, the effect of DUSP4 on the carcinogenesis of clear cell Renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is still unclear. In this study, DUSP4 mRNA levels were significantly increased in CCRCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, DUSP4 overexpression promotes the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity of CCRCC cells while DUSP4 silencing showed the opposite effects. Importantly, both autophagic activity (LC3 conversion rate and LC3 puncta formation) and total death level promoted by DUSP4 silencing were reversed by treatment with 3-MA in CCRCC cells. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of CCRCC cells inhibited by DUSP4 silencing were also recovered by suppression of autophagy with 3-MA. In conclusion, DUSP4 serves as an oncogenic gene in CCRCC carcinogenesis due to its inhibitory effect on autophagic death, indicating the potential value of DUSP4 in the diagnosis and treatment of CCRCC.
ENNAVIA is a novel method which employs neural networks for antiviral and anti-coronavirus activity prediction for therapeutic peptides
Authors: Timmons Patrick Brendan , Hewage Chandralal M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractViruses represent one of the greatest threats to human health, necessitating the development of new antiviral drug candidates. Antiviral peptides often possess excellent biological activity and a favourable toxicity profile, and therefore represent a promising field of novel antiviral drugs. As the quantity of sequencing data grows annually, the development of an accurate in silico method for the prediction of peptide antiviral activities is important. This study leverages advances in deep learning and cheminformatics to produce a novel sequence-based deep neural network classifier for the prediction of antiviral peptide activity. The method outperforms the existent best-in-class, with an external test accuracy of 93.9%, Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.87 and an Area Under the Curve of 0.93 on the dataset of experimentally validated peptide activities. This cutting-edge classifier is available as an online web server at https://research.timmons.eu/ennavia, facilitating in silico screening and design of peptide antiviral drugs by the wider research community.
VSS: variance-stabilized signals for sequencing-based genomic signals
Authors: Bayat Faezeh , Libbrecht Maxwell 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
A sequencing-based genomic assay such as ChIP-seq outputs a real-valued signal for each position in the genome that measures the strength of activity at that position. Most genomic signals lack the property of variance stabilization. That is, a difference between 0 and 100 reads usually has a very different statistical importance from a difference between 1000 and 1100 reads. A statistical model such as a negative binomial distribution can account for this pattern, but learning these models is computationally challenging. Therefore, many applications—including imputation and segmentation and genome annotation (SAGA)—instead use Gaussian models and use a transformation such as log or inverse hyperbolic sine (asinh) to stabilize variance.

Results
We show here that existing transformations do not fully stabilize variance in genomic datasets. To solve this issue, we propose VSS, a method that produces variance-stabilized signals for sequencing-based genomic signals. VSS learns the empirical relationship between the mean and variance of a given signal dataset and produces transformed signals that normalize for this dependence. We show that VSS successfully stabilizes variance and that doing so improves downstream applications such as SAGA. VSS will eliminate the need for downstream methods to implement complex mean–variance relationship models, and will enable genomic signals to be easily understood by eye.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/faezeh-bayat/VSS

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Population divergence in aggregation and sheltering behaviour in surface- versus cave-adapted Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda)
Authors: Horváth Gergely , Sztruhala Sára Sarolta , Balázs Gergely , Herczeg Gábor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aggregation (gathering together) and sheltering (hiding in cover) are basic behaviours that can reduce the risk of predation. However, both behaviours have costs, such as increased competition over resources and high prevalence of contact-spread parasites (aggregation) or lost opportunities for foraging and mating (sheltering). Therefore, variation in these behaviours is expected between populations with varying levels of predation risk. We compared aggregation and sheltering in surface- (various predators) and cave-adapted (no predator) populations of the isopod Asellus aquaticus in a common garden experiment. Given that the cave environment is constantly dark, we also tested for population variation in light-induced behavioural plasticity. Variation in sheltering was explained by habitat type: cave individuals sheltered less than surface individuals. We found high between-population variation in aggregation with or without shelters and their light-induced plasticity, which was not explained by habitat type. Cave individuals decreased (habituation) whereas surface individuals increased sheltering with time (sensitization). We suggest that population variation in sheltering is driven by predation, whereas variation in aggregation must be driven by other, unaccounted environmental factors, in a similar manner to light-induced behavioural plasticity. Based on habituation/sensitization patterns, we suggest that predation-adapted populations are more sensitive to disturbance related to routine laboratory procedures.
Low CLOCK and CRY2 in 2nd trimester human maternal blood and risk of preterm birth: a nested case-control study†
Authors: Zhou Guoli , Duong Thu V , Kasten Eric P , Hoffmann Hanne M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have observed an association between maternal circadian rhythm disruption and preterm birth (PTB). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential of circadian clock genes to serve as predictors of PTB remain unexplored. We examined the association of 10 core circadian transcripts in maternal blood with spontaneous PTB (sPTB) vs term births using a nested case-control study design. We used a public gene expression dataset (GSE59491), which was nested within the All Our Babies (AOB) study cohort in Canada. Maternal blood was sampled in Trimesters 2–3 from women with sPTB (n = 51) and term births (n = 106), matched for five demographic variables. In 2nd trimester maternal blood, only CLOCK and CRY2 transcripts were significantly lower in sPTB vs term (P = 0.02–0.03, false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.20). A change of PER3 mRNA from trimesters 2–3 was significantly associated with sPTB (decline in sPTB, P = 0.02, FDR &lt; 0.20). When CLOCK and CRY2 were modeled together in 2nd trimester blood, the odds of being in the low level of both circadian gene transcripts was greater in sPTB vs term (OR = 4.86, 95%CI = (1.75,13.51), P &lt; 0.01). Using GSVA and Pearson correlation, we identified 98 common pathways that were negatively or positively correlated with CLOCK and CRY2 expression (all P &lt; 0.05, FDR &lt; 0.10). The top three identified pathways were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, degradation of extracellular matrix, and inwardly rectifying potassium channels. These three processes have previously been shown to be involved in neuron death, parturition, and uterine excitability during pregnancy, respectively.
Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Urine Escherichia coli Isolates From Adult and Adolescent Females in the United States From 2011 to 2019: Rising ESBL Strains and Impact on Patient Management
Authors: Kaye Keith S , Gupta Vikas , Mulgirigama Aruni , Joshi Ashish V , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E , Yu Kalvin , Ye Gang , Mitrani-Gold Fanny S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) is predominantly caused by Escherichia coli, which has increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the United States (US)-community level. As uUTI is often treated empirically, assessing AMR is challenging, and there are limited contemporary data characterizing period prevalence in the US.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of AMR using Becton, Dickinson and Company Insights Research Database (Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, US) data collected 2011–2019. Thirty-day, nonduplicate Escherichia coli urine isolates from US female outpatients (aged ≥12 years) were included. Isolates were evaluated for nonsusceptibility (intermediate/resistant) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, or nitrofurantoin, and assessed for extended-spectrum β-lactamase production (ESBL+) and for ≥2 or ≥3 drug-resistance phenotypes. Generalized estimating equations were used to model AMR trends over time and by US census region.

Results
Among 1 513 882 E. coli isolates, the overall prevalence of isolates nonsusceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and nitrofurantoin was 25.4%, 21.1%, and 3.8%, respectively. Among the isolates, 6.4% were ESBL+, 14.4% had ≥2 drug-resistance phenotypes, and 3.8% had ≥3. Modeling demonstrated a relative average yearly increase of 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2–8.2%) for ESBL+ isolates and 2.7% (95% CI, 2.2–3.2%) for ≥3 drug-phenotypes (both P &lt; .0001). Modeling also demonstrated significant variation in AMR prevalence between US census regions (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Period prevalence of AMR among US outpatient urine-isolated E. coli was high, and for multidrug-resistance phenotypes increased during the study period with significant variation between census regions. Knowledge of regional AMR rates helps inform empiric treatment of community-onset uUTI and highlights the AMR burden to physicians.
Safety and Effectiveness of Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States—April 2019 Through December 2020
Authors: Abanyie Francisca , Acharya Sushama D , Leavy Isabelle , Bowe Meara , Tan Kathrine R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Severe malaria can be deadly and requires treatment with intravenous artesunate (IVAS). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided IVAS starting 1 April 2019 for all patients with severe malaria in the United States. This study describes the safety and effectiveness of IVAS in these patients.

Methods
Patients meeting criteria for severe malaria April 2019–December 2020 who received IVAS were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, adverse event, and outcome information were collected. Clinical presentation, time to reach 1% and 0% parasitemia, adverse events, and death were described using proportions, medians, interquartile range (IQR), and tests of significance for differences in proportions.

Results
Of 280 patients included, the majority were male (61.4%), Black (75.0%), with a median age of 35 years (IQR: 15.8–53.9). Most had Plasmodium falciparum (83.6%) with median parasitemia of 8.0% (IQR: 4.6–13.2). Of 170 patients with information, 159 (93.5%) reached ≤1% parasitemia by the third IVAS dose with a median time of 17.6 hours (IQR: 10.8–28.8), and 0% parasitemia in a median of 37.2 hours (IQR 27.2–55.2). Patients with parasite densities &gt;10% and those requiring adjunct therapy had significantly higher parasite clearance times. Adverse events associated with IVAS were reported in 4.8% (n = 13 of 271). Eight patients had post-artesunate delayed hemolysis that resolved. There were 5 (1.8%) deaths, all attributable to severe malaria.

Conclusions
IVAS is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of severe malaria in the United States; timely administration can be lifesaving.
China–US Strategic Competition and the Descent of a Porous Curtain
Authors: Zhang Jue , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) global pandemic, Sino–US strategic rivalry has dramatically heightened to a pitch where there is a mounting discussion over whether or not China and the United States have embarked on a “new Cold War.” There are three main views in this regard. The first is that China and the United States have indeed entered a new Cold War; the second is that China and the United States are heading for a new Cold War; and the third is that China and the United States will not descend into a new Cold War. Different views reflect different scholarly understandings of the essential properties of the Cold War concept. Fundamentally, the two core features of the Cold War were ideological confrontation and proxy war. Considering that current US–China strategic competition is in the technological rather than ideological domain, and that neither side has instigated any proxy war; however, the phrase “new Cold War” is inappropriate; that of “Porous Curtain” is more apt. The ever-narrowing power gap between China and the United States has undoubtedly prompted the US government’s adoption of a policy of blockade and containment to curb China’s rising power. However, the deep integration of the international system and historical inertia of US–China interaction preclude the US’s complete isolation from China. This has resulted in bilateral relations of a more porous nature. Although the future may not be promising, competition does not necessarily lead to conflict. For this reason, managing the bilateral competitive relationship and striving towards coexistence under competition should be the key task of both countries.
Emotions in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing and Typically Hearing Children
Authors: Tsou Yung-Ting , Li Boya , Eichengreen Adva , Frijns Johan H M , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children living in an environment where their access to linguistic input and social interactions is compromised, learning emotions could be difficult, which may further affect social functioning. To understand the role of emotion in DHH children’s social life, this study investigated emotional functioning (i.e., emotion recognition, empathy, emotion expression), and its relation with social functioning (i.e., social competence and externalizing behaviors), in 55 DHH children and 74 children with typical hearing (aged 3–10 years; Mage = 6.04). Parental reports on children’s emotional and social functioning and factors related to DHH children’s hearing were collected. Results showed similar levels of emotional and social functioning in children with and without hearing loss. Use of auditory intervention and speech perception did not correlate with any measures in DHH children. In both groups, higher levels of empathy related to higher social competence and fewer externalizing behaviors; emotion recognition and positive emotion expression were unrelated to either aspect of social functioning. Higher levels of negative emotion expression related to lower social competence in both groups, but to more externalizing behaviors in DHH children only. DHH children in less linguistically accessible environments may not have adequate knowledge for appropriately expressing negative emotions socially.