bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal bidding functions for renewable energies in sequential electricity markets
Authors: Finnah Benedikt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn most modern energy markets, electricity is traded in pay-as-clear auctions. Usually, multiple sequential markets with daily auctions, in which each hourly product is traded separately, coexist. In each market and for each traded hour, each power producer and consumer submits multiple price and volume combinations, called bids. After all bids are submitted by the market participants, the market-clearing price for each hour is published, and the market participants must fulfill their accepted commitments. The corresponding decision problem is particularly difficult to solve for market participants with stochastic supply or demand. We formulate the energy trading problem as a dynamic program and derive the optimal bidding functions analytically via backward recursion. We demonstrate that, for each hour and market, the optimal bidding function is completely defined by two bids. While we focus on power producers with stochastic supply (e.g., wind or solar), our model is applicable to power consumers with stochastic demand, as well. The optimal policy is applicable in most liberalized energy markets, virtually independent of the structure of the underlying electricity price process.
Use and caregiver-reported efficacy of medical cannabis in children and adolescents in Switzerland
Authors: Zürcher Kathrin , Dupont Carole , Weber Peter , Grunt Sebastian , Wilhelm Ilca , Eigenmann Daniela E. , Reichmuth Martina L. , Fankhauser Manfred , Egger Matthias , Fenner Lukas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvidence on the use and efficacy of medical cannabis for children is limited. We examined clinical and epidemiological characteristics of medical cannabis treatment and caregiver-reported effects in children and adolescents in Switzerland. We collected clinical data from children and adolescents (< 18 years) who received Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), or a combination of the two between 2008 and 2019 in Switzerland. Out of 205 contacted families, 90 agreed to participate. The median age at the first prescription was 11.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 6–16), and 32 patients were female (36%). Fifty-one (57%) patients received CBD only and 39 (43%) THC. Patients were more likely to receive THC therapy if one of the following symptoms or signs were present: spasticity, pain, lack of weight gain, vomiting, or nausea, whereas seizures were the dominant indication for CBD therapy. Improvements were reported in 59 (66%) study participants. The largest treatment effects were reported for pain, spasticity, and frequency of seizures in participants treated with THC, and for those treated with pure CBD, the frequency of seizures. However, 43% of caregivers reported treatment interruptions, mainly because of lack of improvement (56%), side effects (46%), the need for a gastric tube (44%), and cost considerations (23%).Conclusions: The effects of medical cannabis in children and adolescents with chronic conditions are unknown except for rare seizure disorders, but the caregiver-reported data analysed here may justify trials of medical cannabis with standardized concentrations of THC or CBD to assess its efficacy in the young.

What is Known:• The use of medical cannabis (THC and CBD) to treat a variety of diseases among children and adolescents is increasing.• In contrast to adults, there is no evidence to support the use of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain and spasticity in children, but substantial evidence to support the use of CBD in children with rare seizure disorders.

What is New:• This study provides important insights into prescription practices, dosages, and treatment outcomes in children and adolescents using medical cannabis data from a real-life setting.• The effects of medical cannabis in children and adolescents with chronic conditions shown in our study support trials of medical cannabis for chronic conditions.
Mixed oxide growth on combinatorial aluminium–gadolinium alloys — a thermodynamic and first-principles approach
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Mardare Cezarina Cela , Mardare Andrei Ionut , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal surfaces covered with oxides have attracted considerable scientific attention in various applications. In particular, anodic films fabricated by cost-effective anodizing have been widely used in nano-structured engineering to provide various surface functionalities. However, understanding of alloy film stability, having individual elements with widely varying structures and morphologies, is very limited due to lack of thermodynamic information and effects of electrolyte chemistry. This requires many tedious efforts on a trial and error basis in selecting suitable electrolytes that can produce the protective film at high efficiency on alloys having mixed chemistries. It is, therefore, crucial to develop a combination of high throughput theoretical analysis and automated rapid localized electrochemical probing that provides a fast and simple solution for electrolyte choice and paves the way to the remarkable expansion of industrial applications of oxides. Herein, we demonstrate that combinatorial Al–Gd alloys covering 1.0 to 10.0 at.% Gd can be oxidized into ultra-thin anodic films of controlled thickness through a selection of electrolyte based on thermodynamics (phosphate buffer with a pH of 8.20). We propose that growth of anodic films on alloys at high efficiency is possible if Gibbs free energy minimization criteria would be systematically contemplate.
Graphical abstract
Simplifying the interpretation of continuous time models for spatio-temporal networks
Authors: Gadd Sarah C. , Comber Alexis , Gilthorpe Mark S. , Suchak Keiran , Heppenstall Alison J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutoregressive and moving average models for temporally dynamic networks treat time as a series of discrete steps which assumes even intervals between data measurements and can introduce bias if this assumption is not met. Using real and simulated data from the London Underground network, this paper illustrates the use of continuous time multilevel models to capture temporal trajectories of edge properties without the need for simultaneous measurements, along with two methods for producing interpretable summaries of model results. These including extracting ‘features’ of temporal patterns (e.g. maxima, time of maxima) which have utility in understanding the network properties of each connection and summarising whole-network properties as a continuous function of time which allows estimation of network properties at any time without temporal aggregation of non-simultaneous measurements. Results for temporal pattern features in the response variable were captured with reasonable accuracy. Variation in the temporal pattern features for the exposure variable was underestimated by the models. The models showed some lack of precision. Both model summaries provided clear ‘real-world’ interpretations and could be applied to data from a range of spatio-temporal network structures (e.g. rivers, social networks). These models should be tested more extensively in a range of scenarios, with potential improvements such as random effects in the exposure variable dimension.
A direct method for the identification of patterns of care using administrative databases: the case of breast cancer
Authors: Busco Susanna , Tavilla Andrea , Gigli Anna , Lopez Tania , Pierannunzio Daniela , Mallone Sandra , Guzzinati Stefano , Capodaglio Giulia , Giusti Francesco , Angiolini Catia , Francisci Silvia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To identify and provide lists of procedures and drugs related to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. These lists can be used for the estimation of the cost of illness.

Methods
The method consists of identifying lists of procedures/interventions/drugs related to the tumour of interest, drawn by a panel of expert clinicians and oncologists on the basis of clinical guidelines and current practice. The lists are applied to data referring to breast cancer female patients, collected by population-based Cancer Registries and linked at individual level with information on health care treatments. A comparison with lists obtained via the matched control method is implemented.

Results
The distribution of administered procedures and drug prescriptions is coherent with the patient clinical pathway: surgery is the main cause of hospitalization in the first year since diagnosis, diagnostic and monitoring interventions are more frequent in the following years (recurrences detection), and at end-of-life (palliative care). Most outpatient services are due to diagnosis and monitoring, one third of services in the first year since diagnosis is radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Drugs prescribed to patients and sold in pharmacy include hormonal drugs as first course treatment and analgesics as palliative care.

Conclusions
This direct method represents a valid alternative to the matched control method in describing patterns of care and costs related to the entire disease pathway. It is particularly suitable in case of cancer sites with complex patterns of care, such as breast cancer. The lists of codes developed here are based on international classification systems and can be easily applicable to other countries.
Recommender systems in model-driven engineering
Authors: Almonte Lissette , Guerra Esther , Cantador Iván , de Lara Juan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecommender systems are information filtering systems used in many online applications like music and video broadcasting and e-commerce platforms. They are also increasingly being applied to facilitate software engineering activities. Following this trend, we are witnessing a growing research interest on recommendation approaches that assist with modelling tasks and model-based development processes. In this paper, we report on a systematic mapping review (based on the analysis of 66 papers) that classifies the existing research work on recommender systems for model-driven engineering (MDE). This study aims to serve as a guide for tool builders and researchers in understanding the MDE tasks that might be subject to recommendations, the applicable recommendation techniques and evaluation methods, and the open challenges and opportunities in this field of research.
Predatory mite instars (Acari, Mesostigmata) and decomposing tree leaves in mixed and monoculture stands growing on a spoil heap and surrounding forests
Authors: Urbanowski Cezary K. , Horodecki Paweł , Kamczyc Jacek , Skorupski Maciej , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the past, ecological research mainly omitted the sexual and developmental variability of mite communities, and therefore could not fully reflect the actual state and function of mite communities in the ecosystems studied. The aim here was to analyze how habitat conditions (mixed vs. monoculture stands) and single-species litter of 14 tree species (in mixed stands) affect the sex and developmental stages of Mesostigmata mites living on the decomposing litter. The research was conducted in 2011–2016, at the Bełchatów Lignite Mine external spoil heap (Central Poland) in mixed stands growing on the spoil heap, as well as in pine and birch monoculture stands growing on the spoil heap and an adjacent forest area. We found significant influences of habitat on females, males and juveniles. Additionally, we found that soil mean temperature had a significant effect on males and juveniles, but not on females. Moreover, despite the insignificant influence of litter species on mite communities, we found that percentage litter mass loss significantly affected female and juvenile mites. Taking into account habitat type, the percentage litter mass loss significantly affected female and male mites, but not juveniles. The mite abundance calculated per dry litter mass usually gradually increased during decomposition. Interestingly, the highest mean female, male and juvenile abundances were recorded in birch stands growing on the adjacent forest area; however, juvenile mites were also very numerous in mixed stands on spoil heap. Therefore, our results confirm that mixed stands on post-mining areas are a potentially better habitat for development of mesostigmatid communities compared to monocultures, among others by relatively higher humidity and lower temperatures.
The physicochemical effect of sugar alcohol plasticisers on oxidised nanocellulose gels and extruded filaments
Authors: Johns Marcus A. , Nigmatullin Rinat , Cranston Emily D. , Eichhorn Stephen J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOxidised nanocelluloses have previously shown promise for the production of extruded filaments with high tensile strength properties. However, they also exhibit poor wet strength due to swelling upon immersion in water. This has resulted in the use of chemical cross-linkers, or co-extrusion with multivalent cations, or cationic polymers, to inhibit this. Here, we report on the effect of incorporating sugar alcohols (glycerol, sorbitol and maltitol) in an oxidised nanocellulose gel before extrusion. Whilst their presence weakens the initial gel, they enable the continuous wet spinning of filaments that are stable in aqueous media without the need for post extrusion processing. We conclude that the relative hydrophilicity of the sugar alcohol and its ability to protonate surface carboxyl groups upon drying are key parameters regarding the physicochemical effects observed.
Trends in Wage Inequality in the Netherlands
Authors: Schneck Colja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper I analyze changes in the wage distribution in the Netherlands. I use a matched employer-employee dataset that covers the population of employees. Wage inequality increases over the period of 2001–2016. Changes in between-firm wage components are responsible for nearly the entire increase. Increases in the variance of workers’ skills and increases in worker sorting and worker segregation explain the majority of the rise in the variance of wages. These changes are accompanied by a pattern where variation in educational degree and firm average wages become more correlated over time. Finally, it is suggested that labor market institutions in the Netherlands play an important role in mediating overall wage inequality.
The Devil in the (Implicit) Details
Authors: Cinti Enrico , Sanchioni Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe black hole information loss paradox has long been one of the most studied and fascinating aspects of black hole physics. In its latest incarnation, it takes the form of the firewall paradox. In this paper, we first give a conceptually oriented presentation of the paradox, based on the notion of causal structure. We then suggest a possible strategy for its resolutions and see that the core idea behind it is that there are connections that are non- local for semiclassical physics which have nonetheless to be taken into account when studying black holes. We see how to concretely implement this strategy in some physical models connected to the ER=EPR conjecture.
What would an ‘ideal’ glaucoma examination be like? - A conjoint analysis of patients’ and physicians’ preferences
Authors: Muth Daniel R. , Neubauer Aljoscha S. , Klingenstein Annemarie , Schaller Ulrich , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Hirneiß Christoph W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To structurally determine patients’ and physicians’ preferences for glaucoma diagnostic methods in order to improve glaucoma patient care and improve patient compliance with follow-up visits.

Methods
Forty-one patients with glaucoma and 32 ophthalmologists were included in this cross-sectional study. Profiles representing glaucoma examinations were created using conjoint analysis (CA). The following factors of a glaucoma examination method were evaluated: (1) examination comfort, (2) examination frequency, (3) follow-up examination necessary in case of suspicious result, (4) cost for the patient, (5) travel time to examination site, (6) sensitivity and (7) specificity of the examination method.

Results
Preferences were highest in both groups for examination sensitivity, followed by cost and specificity for the patient group. For the physician group, specificity was second most important, followed by cost. Least important was travel time for the patients and follow-up examinations for the physicians.

Conclusions
Participants would rather pay more and travel longer to get a highly sensitive examination. This form of care is present in university eye hospitals. Consequently, it would be advisable to enhance capacities of these centers. Outpatient practices that offer glaucoma service should be fully equipped and should employ a glaucoma specialist.
Willingness of a Multiethnic Immigrant Population to Donate Biospecimens for Research Purposes
Authors: Raines-Milenkov Amy , Felini Martha , Baker Eva , Acharya Rushil , Diese Elvis Longanga , Onsa Sara , Iang Hlawn , Abdi Anab , Akpan Idara , Hussain Arbaz , Wagner Teresa , Hughes Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis cross-sectional study explores the willingness to donate biospecimens for research purposes among six refugee communities in North Texas (spanning Myanmar, Central Africa, Somalia, Nepal, Arabic speaking countries, and others). Participants were asked four questions about biospecimen donation: (1) previously asked to donate, (2) ever agreed to donate, (3) willingness to donate for future research, and (4) what samples they would be willing to donate. Most participants (77%) were willing to donate biosamples for medical research; 58% were willing to donate samples. Fewer refugees from Somalia were willing to donate compared to immigrants from Myanmar, Central Africa, and Nepal (p < 0.01). Participants in the older age group (40 + years) were 3.2 times more likely to be willing for donation of biospecimens than the younger ones (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.22, 8.55). Findings suggest refugees’ willingness to participate in biospecimen donation which support intentional inclusion of multicultural populations into medical research.
Molecular Imaging Reveals a High Degree of Cross-Seeding of Spontaneous Metastases in a Novel Mouse Model of Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Shirley , Nyström Nivin N , Kelly John J , Hamilton Amanda M , Fu Yanghao , Ronald John A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) patients present with cancer in both breasts at the time of diagnosis or within a short time interval. They show higher rates of metastasis and lower overall survival compared to women with unilateral breast cancer. Here we established the first preclinical SBBC model and used molecular imaging to visualize the patterns of metastasis from each primary tumor.

Procedures
We engineered human breast cancer cells to express either Akaluc or Antares2 for bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and tdTomato or zsGreen for ex vivo fluorescence microscopy. Both cell populations were implanted into contralateral mammary fat pads of mice (n=10), and dual-BLI was performed weekly for up to day 29 (n=3), 38 (n=4), or 42 (n=3). Primary tumors and lungs were fixed, and ex vivo fluorescence microscopy was used to analyze the cellular makeup of micrometastases.

Results
Signal from both Antares2 and Akaluc was first detected in the lungs on day 28 and was present in 9 of 10 mice at endpoint. Ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of the lungs revealed that for mice sacrificed on day 38, a significant percentage of micrometastases were composed of cancer cells from both primary tumors (mean 37%; range 27 to 45%), while two mice sacrificed on day 42 showed percentages of 51% and 70%.

Conclusions
A high degree of metastatic cross-seeding of cancer cells derived from bilateral tumors may contribute to faster metastatic growth and intratumoral heterogeneity. We posit that our work will help understand treatment resistance and optimal planning of SBBC treatment.
Calcitic-based stones protection by a low-fluorine modified methacrylic coating
Authors: Pargoletti Eleonora , Comite Valeria , Fermo Paola , Sabatini Valentina , Annunziata Luisa , Ortenzi Marco Aldo , Farina Hermes , Cappelletti Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtmospheric pollutants, such as NOx, SO2, and particulate matter, together with water percolation inside the stone pores, represent the main causes of cultural heritage decay. In order to avoid these undesired phenomena, the application of protective coatings represents a reliable solution. In this context, the present study focused on the synthesis of low-fluorine content methacrylic-based (MMA) polymeric resins characterized by seven F atoms (namely F7 monomer) in the lateral chains. Four different percentages (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0%) of the present monomer were adopted to obtain a final polymeric structure showing the desired hydrophobicity, processability, and structural and thermal stability (even after accelerated UV aging tests). MMA_F7(1.0) seemed to be the optimal one; therefore, it was further applied onto Candoglia marble. Specifically, the treated substrates showed good surface hydrophobicity, water repellency, and water vapor transpirability. No color variation was observed even after a 1.5-year exposure in a real polluted environment (Monza Cathedral). Interestingly, the application of this coating hindered the atmospheric nitrates penetration inside the stones and, at the same time, it limited the sulfates (gypsum) formation, thus revealing a very promising marbles protection resin.
Learning curves in radiological reporting of whole-body MRI in plasma cell disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Negroni Davide , Cassarà Alessia , Trisoglio Alessandra , Soligo Eleonora , Berardo Sara , Carriero Alessandro , Stecco Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe plasma cell disease is been studying by the whole-body MRI technology. However, the time requested to learn this radiological technique is unknown.PurposeTo esteem, quantitatively and qualitatively, the essential time to learn the whole-body MRI diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression in patients with plasma cell disease.Materials and methodsBetween January 2015 and February 2017, three readers in-training with different levels of experience examined the anonymised and randomised whole-body MRI images of 52 patients with a diagnosis of plasma cell disease and analysed their morphological (T1w, T2w with and without fat suppression) and functional sequences. Reports of an expert radiologist were considered the standard of reference. Images were analysed in two sessions, during which each reader was timed. Readers reported the number of segments with lesions and staged the disease using the Durie–Salmon PLUS staging system. Weighted Cohen’sĸandZ-test were used to compare the trainees’ reports with those of the expert radiologist, and learning curves were drawn up to show changes between the two sessions.ResultsWeighted Cohen’sĸof number of lesioned segments increased from 0.536 ± 0.123 to 0.831 ± 0.129 (Prob > Zunder 0.005), thus approaching the goal ofĸ > 0.8. Trainees reached the level of experienced radiologist in terms of time by the 33rd patient. Agreement concerning the Durie–Salmon PLUS increased from 0.536 ± 0.123 to 0.831 ± 0.129 (Prob > Zunder 0.005).ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate that whole-body MRI with DWIBS can be learned in about 80 reports and leads to a high level of inter-observer concordance when using the Durie–Salmon PLUS staging system.