bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for quantifying hydrologic effects of soil structure across scales
Authors: Bonetti Sara , Wei Zhongwang , Or Dani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarth system models use soil information to parameterize hard-to-measure soil hydraulic properties based on pedotransfer functions. However, current parameterizations rely on sample-scale information which often does not account for biologically-promoted soil structure and heterogeneities in natural landscapes, which may significantly alter infiltration-runoff and other exchange processes at larger scales. Here we propose a systematic framework to incorporate soil structure corrections into pedotransfer functions, informed by remote-sensing vegetation metrics and local soil texture, and use numerical simulations to investigate their effects on spatially distributed and areal averaged infiltration-runoff partitioning. We demonstrate that small scale soil structure features prominently alter the hydrologic response emerging at larger scales and that upscaled parameterizations must consider spatial correlations between vegetation and soil texture. The proposed framework allows the incorporation of hydrological effects of soil structure with appropriate scale considerations into contemporary pedotransfer functions used for land surface parameterization.
Comparing the host behaviour of roof-shaped compounds trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid and its dimethyl ester in the presence of mixtures of xylene and ethylbenzene guests
Authors: Barton Benita , Senekal Ulrich , Hosten Eric C. 
Published: June 2021

Each p-Xy guest molecule is surrounded by six dicarboxylic acid host molecules, forming a continuous intermolecular hydrogen-bonded motif through their carboxylic acid functionalities to form a cage-like structure in which the guests are trapped.
Electromagnetic characterization of tuneable graphene‐strips‐on‐substrate metasurface over entire THz range: Analytical regularization and natural‐mode resonance interplay
Authors: Yevtushenko Fedir O. , Dukhopelnykov Sergii V. , Zinenko Tatiana L. , Rapoport Yuriy G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScattering and absorption of the H‐polarized plane wave by the infinite grating of flat graphene strips are considered in the environment met most frequently—on or at the surface of a dielectric‐slab substrate. The full‐wave meshless code is based on the analytical semi‐inversion using the Riemann–Hilbert problem solution. This leads to a Fredholm second‐kind matrix equation for the Floquet harmonic amplitudes that guarantees code convergence and provides easy control of computational error, which can be reduced to machine precision. The matrix elements are combinations of elementary functions, and therefore, the code is accurate and quite economical. This enables computation of the reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance as a function of the frequency in the wide band from static case to 10 THz. Numerical results show that such a metasurface with micrometre‐sized strips is a composite periodic open resonator. It is highly frequency‐selective thanks to the interplay of three types of natural modes—low‐Q slab, moderate‐Q plasmon strip, and ultra‐high‐Q lattice—that do not exist in the absence of the substrate. Varying the chemical potential of graphene, one can manipulate the electromagnetic characteristics of the metasurface at a fixed frequency from almost total transmission to almost total reflection.
Naked emergence of an anti-Hale active region
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Yan Xiaoli , Kong Defang , Xue Zhike , Yang Liheng , Li Qiaoling , Zhang Yan , Li Hao 
Published: June 2021

Aims. In order to understand the emergence of the active region, we investigate the emerging process and magnetic properties of a naked anti-Hale active region during the period between August 24 to 25, 2018.
Methods. Using the data from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Soar Dynamic Observatory and the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, we calculated different evolving parameters (such as pole separation, tilt angle) and magnetic parameters (such as vertical electric current, force-free parameter, relative magnetic helicity) during the emergence of the active region. With these calculated parameters and some reasonable assumptions, we use two different methods to estimate the twist of the active region.
Results. The magnetic flux and pole separation continue increasing while the tilt angle exhibits a decreasing pattern during the emergence of the active region. The increase of the pole separation is mainly contributed as a result of the enhancement in the longitude direction. A power-law relationship between pole separation and total flux is found during the emergence of the active region. On the other hand, it is found that both the positive and negative electric currents increased equivalently and the average flux-weighted force-free parameter α̃ remains almost consistently positive, on the order of ∼10−8 m−1. The relative magnetic helicity is mainly contributed by the shear term, while the relative magnetic helicity injection flux of the shear term changes its sign at the latter stage of the emergence. The twist number of the whole active region remains on the order of 10−1 turns during the emergence of the active region.
Conclusions. We find that the magnetic flux tube with low twist also could emerge into the solar atmosphere.
Discovery of a new nearby globular cluster with extreme kinematics located in the extension of a halo stream
Authors: Minniti Dante , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Gómez Matías , Smith Leigh C. , Lucas Philip W. , Contreras Ramos Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

Context. We report the discovery of VVV-CL160, a new nearby globular cluster (GC) with extreme kinematics, located in the Galactic plane at l = 10.1477 deg, b = 0.2999 deg.
Aims. We aim to characterize the physical properties of this new GC and place it in the context of the Milky Way, exploring its possible connection with the known GC NGC 6544 and with the Hrid halo stream.
Methods. VVV-CL160 was originally detected in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey. We use the proper motions (PMs) from the updated VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalog (VIRAC2) to select GC members and make deep near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams to study the cluster properties. We also fit King models to the decontaminated sample to determine the GC structural parameters.
Results. VVV-CL160 has an unusually large PM for a Galactic GC as measured with VIRAC2 and Gaia EDR3: μα cos (δ) = −2.3 ± 0.1 mas yr−1 and μδ = −16.8 ± 0.1 mas yr−1. The kinematics are similar to those of the known GC NGC 6544 and the Hrid halo stream. We estimate a reddening of E(J − K) = 1.95 mag and an extinction of AK = 1.40 mag for VVV-CL160. We also measure a distance modulus of (m − M) = 13.01 mag and a distance of D⊙ = 4.0 ± 0.5 kpc. This places the GC at z = 29 pc above the Galactic plane and at a galactocentric distance of RG = 4.2 kpc. We also measure a metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.4 ± 0.2 dex for an adopted age of t = 12 Gyr; King model fits of the PM-decontaminated sample reveal a concentrated GC, with core radius rc = 22.8″ and tidal radius rt = 50′. We also estimate the absolute magnitude in the near-infrared of MK = −7.6 mag, equivalent to an optical absolute magnitude of MV = −5.1 mag. We also explore the possible association of this new GC with other GCs and halo streams.
Conclusions. Based on the locations and kinematics, we suggest that VVV-CL160, along with NGC 6544, may be associated with the extension of the Hrid halo stream.
An Older Thrombus Delays Reperfusion after Mechanical Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kitano Takaya , Hori Yumiko , Okazaki Shuhei , Shimada Yuki , Iwamoto Takanori , Kanki Hideaki , Sugiyama Shintaro , Sasaki Tsutomu , Nakamura Hajime , Oyama Naoki , Hoshi Taku , Beck Goichi , Takai Hiroki , Matsubara Shunji , Mizuno Hiroya , Nishimura Hirotake , Tamaki Ryo , Iida Junichi , Iba Jiro , Uno Masaaki , Kishima Haruhiko , Fushimi Hiroaki , Hattori Satoshi , Murayama Shigeo , Morii Eiichi , Sakaguchi Manabu , Yagita Yoshiki , Shimazu Takeshi , Mochizuki Hideki , Todo Kenichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Thrombosis is a dynamic process, and a thrombus undergoes physical and biochemical changes that may alter its response to reperfusion therapy. This study assessed whether thrombus age influenced reperfusion quality and outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral embolism.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated 185 stroke patients and thrombi that were collected during mechanical thrombectomy at three stroke centers. Thrombi were pathologically classified as fresh or older based on their granulocytes' nuclear morphology and organization. Thrombus components were quantified, and the extent of NETosis (the process of neutrophil extracellular trap formation) was assessed using the density of citrullinated histone H3-positive cells. Baseline patient characteristics, thrombus features, endovascular procedures, and functional outcomes were compared according to thrombus age.
Results Fresh thrombi were acquired from 43 patients, and older thrombi were acquired from 142 patients. Older thrombi had a lower erythrocyte content (p < 0.001) and higher extent of NETosis (p = 0.006). Restricted mean survival time analysis revealed that older thrombi were associated with longer puncture-to-reperfusion times (difference: 15.6 minutes longer for older thrombi, p = 0.002). This association remained significant even after adjustment for erythrocyte content and the extent of NETosis (adjusted difference: 10.8 minutes, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–21.1 minutes, p = 0.039). Compared with fresh thrombi, older thrombi required more device passes before reperfusion (p < 0.001) and were associated with poorer functional outcomes (adjusted common odds ratio: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24–0.99).
Conclusion An older thrombus delays reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. Adding therapies targeting thrombus maturation may improve the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy.
Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia, Hypoplastic Third Ventricle, and Related Biventricular Hydrocephalus: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Alberio Nicola , Graziano Francesca , Fricia Marco , Tomasi Santino Ottavio , Corbino Leonardo , Nicoletti Giovanni Federico , Cicero Salvatore , Scalia Gianluca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBDE) is defined as a symptomatic dilatation and tortuosity of the vertebrobasilar arteries. The risk of hydrocephalus development is due to direct compression of the third ventricle outflow or brainstem compression and related aqueduct stenosis. We present an uncommon case of a patient with symptomatic VBDE with the uniqueness of a hypoplastic third ventricle associated with biventricular hydrocephalus. A literature review concerning diagnosis and management of patients affected by biventricular hydrocephalus caused by VBDE was also performed.
Case Illustration We report a case of a 54-year-old man who presented with headache, ideomotor apraxia, and gait disorder. A head computed tomography (CT) scan showed a biventricular hydrocephalus and a subsequent CT angiography documented the presence of a VBDE compressing the anterior part of the third ventricle that also appeared hypoplastic. The patient also presented a clinical history of arterial hypertension for which he was given a proper pharmacologic treatment with symptom relief. A surgical treatment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt along with endoscopic septostomy was proposed, but the patient refused, probably due to the slightly positive response to medical treatment.
Conclusions The natural clinical history of patients affected by VBDE is unfavorable with 7.8 years of median survival. The therapeutic strategy is usually conservative and the role of antiplatelets or oral anticoagulants is still debated. In selected patients, ventriculoperitoneal shunt to resolve intracranial hypertension caused by biventricular hydrocephalus is the most effective treatment. In our opinion, chronic third ventricle compression could lead to anatomic–pathologic alterations like the third ventricle hypoplasia documented in our report.
Decompressive Craniectomy in Pregnant Women
Authors: Fernández García Adrián , Jiménez Zapata Herbert Daniel , de Lera Alfonso Mercedes C. , Sánchez Fernández Carlos , Jiménez Arribas Paloma , Rodríguez Arias Carlos Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMalignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction warranting decompressive craniectomy (DC) is unusual in the population younger than 40 years. Specifically, only a few cases affecting pregnant women have been described in the literature. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman in the 24th week of pregnancy who suffered a right malignant MCA infarction that eventually required DC. The patient delivered a healthy baby and underwent a second surgery for cranioplasty 7 months later. We present both this case and a review of the literature, including all cases of DC in pregnant women published to date.
Pulley, Flexor, and Extensor Tendon Injuries of the Hand
Authors: Rosskopf Andrea B. , Taljanovic Mihra S. , Sconfienza Luca M. , Gitto Salvatore , Martinoli Carlo , Picasso Riccardo , Klauser Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTendon injuries represent the second most common injury of the hand (after fractures) and are a common scanning indication in radiology. Pulley injuries are very frequent in rock climbers with the A2 pulley the most commonly affected. Tendon and pulley injuries can be reliably evaluated using ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US can be postulated as a first-line imaging modality, allowing dynamic examination. MRI is essential for cases with ongoing diagnostic doubt post-US and also for preoperative pulley reconstruction assessment.
Carpal Instability: I. Pathoanatomy
Authors: Schmitt Rainer , Hesse Nina , Goehtz Florian , Prommersberger Karl-Josef , de Jonge Milko , Grunz Jan-Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pathoanatomy of carpal instability is multifactorial and usually complex. A thorough medical history and clinical examination are essential, as well as profound knowledge of the specific instability patterns. The stability of the wrist is ensured by the carpal joint surfaces, by intact intra-articular (particularly the scapholunate interosseous ligament) and intracapsular ligaments, and by crossing extensor and flexor tendons, the latter making the proximal carpal row an “intercalated segment.” An important classification feature is the distinction between dissociative and nondissociative forms of carpal instability. Among others, scapholunate dissociation, lunotriquetral dissociation, midcarpal instability, and ulnar translocation are the most common entities. Early forms of instability are considered dynamic. In the natural course, static instability of the wrist and osteoarthritis will develop. This review focuses on the pathoanatomical fundamentals of the various forms of carpal instability.
Choosing the Best Treatment Approach for Axial Vein Reflux: Thermal versus Nonthermal Approaches
Authors: Shmelev Karen , Gupta Ramona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic venous insufficiency is a common and treatable medical condition which has a high morbidity if left untreated, progressing to lower extremity edema, skin changes of lipodermatosclerosis, and venous ulceration. Treatment options have significantly expanded over the last several decades, shifting away from the traditional surgical approach to more minimally invasive procedures such as endoluminal venous laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation. Even more recently, several techniques using nonthermal methods to ablate varicose veins have been developed, which offer the advantage of not requiring labor-intensive and painful tumescent anesthesia to protect the surrounding tissues. These techniques include mechanochemical ablation, cyanoacrylate closure, or polidocanol microfoam injection and can be offered to a wider range of patients without the need for sedation while offering similar closure rates and improved postprocedure symptom profile. Furthermore, certain patient characteristics which might preclude or complicate the use of thermal ablation methods might not pose a problem with nonthermal nontumescent methods.
Skeletal Manifestations of Heritable Disproportionate Dwarfism in Cats as Determined by Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Anderson Lisa M. , Fox Derek B. , Chesney Kari L. , Coates Joan R. , Torres Bryan T. , Lyons Leslie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to characterize the radiographic alignment of thoracic and pelvic limbs and evaluate for intervertebral disc disease in cats with feline disproportionate dwarfism (FDD).Study Design Observational cross-sectional study. Radiographic joint orientation angles were measured in 10 thoracic and pelvic limbs from 5 FDD cats and compared with those angles measured in 24 thoracic limbs and 100 pelvic limbs from skeletally normal cats. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was performed in 2 FDD cats for the evaluation of pathology of the intervertebral discs or vertebrae.Results All limbs from FDD cats possessed deformities. FDD humeri demonstrated procurvatum proximally, and recurvatum distally in the sagittal plane, but showed no difference in the frontal plane. FDD radii possessed excessive recurvatum proximally, and procurvatum distally in the sagittal plane, and varus proximally and valgus distally in the frontal plane. Whereas no torsion was discernible in the humeri, all radii had external torsion. In the frontal plane, FDD femurs exhibited varus both proximally and distally whereas the tibia possessed proximal valgus and distal varus. No torsion in the pelvic limbs was observed. No spinal pathology was detected in the FDD cats included in the original study.Conclusion Feline disproportionate dwarfism results in significant appendicular deformity in all limbs. The incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration in FDD cats is inconclusive.
Clinician Perceptions on the Use of Free-Text Communication Orders
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Pruitt Zoe , Kazi Sadaf , Marquard Jenna , Owens Saba , Hoffman Daniel J. , Ratwani Raj M. , Hettinger Aaron Z. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate (1) why ordering clinicians use free-text orders to communicate medication information; (2) what risks physicians and nurses perceive when free-text orders are used for communicating medication information; and (3) how electronic health records (EHRs) could be improved to encourage the safe communication of medication information.
Methods We performed semi-structured, scenario-based interviews with eight physicians and eight nurses. Interview responses were analyzed and grouped into common themes.
Results Participants described eight reasons why clinicians use free-text medication orders, five risks relating to the use of free-text medication orders, and five recommendations for improving EHR medication-related communication. Poor usability, including reduced efficiency and limited functionality associated with structured order entry, was the primary reason clinicians used free-text orders to communicate medication information. Common risks to using free-text orders for medication communication included the increased likelihood of missing orders and the increased workload on nurses responsible for executing orders.
Discussion Clinicians' use of free-text orders is primarily due to limitations in the current structured order entry design. To encourage the safe communication of medication information between clinicians, the EHR's structured order entry must be redesigned to support clinicians' cognitive and workflow needs that are currently being addressed via the use of free-text orders.
Conclusion Clinicians' use of free-text orders as a workaround to insufficient structured order entry can create unintended patient safety risks. Thoughtful solutions designed to address these workarounds can improve the medication ordering process and the subsequent medication administration process.
The ongoing contributions of spin-off research and practice to understanding corporate restructuring and wealth creation: $100 billion in 1 decade
Authors: Owers James E. , Sergi Bruno S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the 1980s, analysis of spin-offs has become a key line of inquiry in corporate finance. This paper reviews the theory and empirical research papers about spin-off restructuring and measures the monetary value created by spin-offs. First, we document the valuation impact of spin-offs for the divesting firms and then examine such subtleties as the interesting (positive) ex-dividend day price impact and the myriad other details associated with these transactions. This study provides a review of the now extensive research into spin-off divestitures. It looks into equity price reactions around the announcements of 249 voluntary spin-offs undertaken by US public companies over the interval 2007–2017. The abnormal returns associated with recent spin-off divestitures are of the same order of magnitude as those from the earlier papers, showing the sustained statistical significance and new economic materiality measures. With more firms undertaking spin-offs and the positive abnormal returns continuing to be substantial, the clear implication is that the overall monetary value creation resulting from spin-offs has increased markedly. Finally, and in a first for spin-off research, this paper calibrates the monetary value created by spin-offs despite the voluminous research of the topic. It establishes that spin-offs create large monetary value increments for divesting a firm’s stockholders—almost $100 billion in the interval 2007–2017.
Genomics-informed models reveal extensive stretches of coastline under threat by an ecologically dominant invasive species
Authors: Hudson Jamie , Castilla Juan Carlos , Teske Peter R. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Haigh Ivan D. , McQuaid Christopher D. , Rius Marc 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Species with narrow distributions provide unique opportunities for understanding the mechanisms that limit their spread. We studied a marine invader that exhibits ecological dominance within its range and has the capacity to fundamentally alter the coastal habitat when introduced to new locations. We found evidence of the species’ potential to establish itself far beyond its present introduced range from both genomic data and species distribution modeling. Therefore, minor oceanographic changes (due to, for example, contemporary climate change) or alteration to human-mediated dispersal may trigger a large-scale invasion along vast stretches of coastlines. Our work provides a holistic framework to assess potential changes in the distribution of invasive species.
Structure and function at the lipid–protein interface of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Cymes Gisela D. , Grosman Claudio 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceThe preparation of membrane-protein specimens for structural characterization commonly involves a detergent-solubilization step that is sometimes followed by the reincorporation of the protein into laboratory-made lipid nanodiscs. Whether the native conformation and arrangement of tightly bound lipids are retained despite solubilization or restored upon nanodisc formation cannot be predicted. To determine the structure of the bacterial pentameric ligand-gated ion channel ELIC in its native environment, we overexpressed it inEscherichia coli, fragmented the inner membranes into disc-shaped structures in the absence of detergents, purified discs containing single copies of the protein, and imaged the resulting particles using cryogenic electron microscopy. The obtained three-dimensional reconstruction of the unliganded channel (2.5-Å resolution) revealed previously unseen details of the lipid–protein interface.