bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation Algorithm for Intracranial Magnetic Resonance Images for Cerebral Stroke Identification and Nursing Evaluation
Authors: Shi Wenjing , Kong Xiangyu , Tian Wei , Yan Yujin , Chen Yusi 
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and nursing evaluation of patients with cerebral stroke (CS) through intracranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images under the condition of segmentation algorithm. 199 CS patients were selected and divided randomly into a control group (group A) and an experimental group (group B) based on different treatment methods. Patients of group A were given routine antithrombotic therapy, and patients of group B were treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy under evaluation of segmentation algorithm-based MRI images. Then, there were comparisons on clinical therapeutic effect, neurological damage score, and daily living ability index score of all patients. After treatment, the total effective rate (92.12%) and daily life index (41.45 ± 11.24) of patients in group B were higher than those of group A (

P

< 0.05). However, neurological damage scores (3.36 ± 1.13 points) of patients in group B after treatment were lower than those of group A (5.85 ± 2.31 points) (

P

< 0.05). The routine clinical nursing satisfaction rate (79.8%) was lower than the overall satisfaction rate (97%) of the combination of clinical and imaging nursing (

P

< 0.05). Therefore, there were greatly clinical therapeutic effects of intravenous thrombolysis evaluated by intracranial MRI images under segmentation algorithm for CS patients, and routine nursing could improve patients’ satisfaction, which were worthy of clinical promotion.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hapach Lauren A. , Carey Shawn P. , Schwager Samantha C. , Taufalele Paul V. , Wang Wenjun , Mosier Jenna A. , Ortiz-Otero Nerymar , McArdle Tanner J. , Goldblatt Zachary E. , Lampi Marsha C. , Bordeleau Francois , Marshall Jocelyn R. , Richardson Isaac M. , Li Jiahe , King Michael R. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Although intratumoral genomic heterogeneity can impede cancer research and treatment, less is known about the effects of phenotypic heterogeneities. To investigate the role of cell migration heterogeneities in metastasis, we phenotypically sorted metastatic breast cancer cells into two subpopulations based on migration ability. Although migration is typically considered to be associated with metastasis, when injected orthotopically in vivo, the weakly migratory subpopulation metastasized significantly more than the highly migratory subpopulation. To investigate the mechanism behind this observation, both subpopulations were assessed at each stage of the metastatic cascade, including dissemination from the primary tumor, survival in the circulation, extravasation, and colonization. Although both subpopulations performed each step successfully, weakly migratory cells presented as circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters in the circulation, suggesting clustering as one potential mechanism behind the increased metastasis of weakly migratory cells. RNA sequencing revealed weakly migratory subpopulations to be more epithelial and highly migratory subpopulations to be more mesenchymal. Depletion of E-cadherin expression from weakly migratory cells abrogated metastasis. Conversely, induction of E-cadherin expression in highly migratory cells increased metastasis. Clinical patient data and blood samples showed that CTC clustering and E-cadherin expression are both associated with worsened patient outcome. This study demonstrates that deconvolving phenotypic heterogeneities can reveal fundamental insights into metastatic progression. More specifically, these results indicate that migratory ability does not necessarily correlate with metastatic potential and that E-cadherin promotes metastasis in phenotypically sorted breast cancer cell subpopulations by enabling CTC clustering.

Significance:
This study employs phenotypic cell sorting for migration to reveal a weakly migratory, highly metastatic breast cancer cell subpopulation regulated by E-cadherin, highlighting the dichotomy between cancer cell migration and metastasis.
Hyperthermia Selectively Destabilizes Oncogenic Fusion Proteins
Authors: Maimaitiyiming Yasen , Wang Qian Qian , Yang Chang , Ogra Yasumitsu , Lou Yinjun , Smith Clayton A. , Hussain Liaqat , Shao Yi Ming , Lin Jiebo , Liu Jinfeng , Wang Lingfang , Zhu Yong , Lou Haiyan , Huang Yuan , Li Xiaoxia , Chang Kao-Jung , Chen Hao , Li Hongyan , Huang Ying , Tse Eric , Sun Jie , Bu Na , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Zhang Yan Fang , Hua Hao Ying , Ma Li Ya , Huang Ping , Ge Ming Hua , Cao Feng-Lin , Cheng Xiaodong , Sun Hongzhe , Zhou Jin , Vasliou Vasilis , Xu Pengfei , Jin Jie , Bjorklund Mikael , Zhu Hong-Hu , Hsu Chih-Hung , Naranmandura Hua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The PML/RARα fusion protein is the oncogenic driver in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although most APL cases are cured by PML/RARα-targeting therapy, relapse and resistance can occur due to drug-resistant mutations. Here we report that thermal stress destabilizes the PML/RARα protein, including clinically identified drug-resistant mutants. AML1/ETO and TEL/AML1 oncofusions show similar heat shock susceptibility. Mechanistically, mild hyperthermia stimulates aggregation of PML/RARα in complex with nuclear receptor corepressors leading to ubiquitin-mediated degradation via the SIAH2 E3 ligase. Hyperthermia and arsenic therapy destabilize PML/RARα via distinct mechanisms and are synergistic in primary patient samples and in vivo, including three refractory APL cases. Collectively, our results suggest that by taking advantage of a biophysical vulnerability of PML/RARα, thermal therapy may improve prognosis in drug-resistant or otherwise refractory APL. These findings serve as a paradigm for therapeutic targeting of fusion oncoprotein–associated cancers by hyperthermia.

Significance:
Hyperthermia destabilizes oncofusion proteins including PML/RARα and acts synergistically with standard arsenic therapy in relapsed and refractory APL. The results open up the possibility that heat shock sensitivity may be an easily targetable vulnerability of oncofusion-driven cancers.
See related commentary by Wu et al., p. 300.
Entre a Baixa - Chiado (Lisboa) e a Rua do Ouvidor (Rio de Janeiro): patrimónios também literários
Authors: Almeida Maria Mota 
Published: May 2021

Pretendemos com este artigo abordar a importância que os escritores e as respetivas obras detêm para a (re)descoberta e (re)leitura das cidades, por meio da deambulação pelas ruas, facilitando a criação de itinerários literários. A comparação de um trecho da cidade de Lisboa - Baixa, Chiado, Bairro Alto – e um do Rio de Janeiro - Rua do Ouvidor - espelhados, respetivamente, em um conto de Branquinho da Fonseca (1905-1974) e em uma obra de Joaquim Leitão (1875-1956), autores coetâneos, servirá de base para esse nosso passeio. Com efeito, o conto “A Tragédia de D. Rámon” (1938), inserido na coletânea Caminhos Magnéticos e o livro Do Civismo e da Arte no Brasil (1900), permitem-nos, ao deambular pelas ruas das ditas cidades, compreender o potencial das mesmas enquanto espaço de sociabilidade, de vivências e de afetos. Potencial esse subordinado às dinâmicas culturais e sociais que lhe estão inerentes, numa determinada época, filtradas pelo olhar do escritor que é também um flâneur (Walter Benjamin, 1994), um observador, um leitor minucioso da cidade através do registo polifónico da vivência da(s) rua(s). Nessa intersecção entre literatura e turismo pretendemos fomentar o gosto de viajar acompanhado pelos escritores e dar a conhecer outros encantos dessas duas ‘cidades maravilhosas’. Em termos metodológicos faremos o levantamento dos patrimónios e dos locais que compõem a obra e que irão permitir, mediante a metodologia de análise de conteúdo (Bardin) , uma leitura do espaço urbano. Proporemos um itinerário que sirva de motivação para uma visita em que se pretende conhecer os escritores, resgatar a memória e contribuir para um turismo diferenciado apostado na personalização. Ao adaptar para o cinema o conto de Branquinho da Fonseca, a “A Tragédia de D. Rámon”, sob o título de Caminhos Magnéticos – estreou no Brasil em 2018 e em Portugal, em 2019 – o realizador Edgar Pêra convida dois artistas brasileiros: Ney Matogrosso, para interpretar um ‘espírito’ chamado André, e Helena Ignez.
Blood-Based Cardiac Biomarkers and the Risk of Cognitive Decline, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Clinical Events
Authors: Gyanwali Bibek , Lai Mitchell K.P. , Lui Benedict , Liew Oi Wah , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Richards Arthur Mark , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Cardiac biomarkers, NT-proBNP (N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide), hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity-cardiac troponin T), and GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) have been proposed as important biomarkers of early vascular pathology. However, little is known of the longitudinal associations of these cardiac biomarkers with cerebrovascular disease and clinical events. We examine the association of blood-based cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and GDF-15) with cognitive decline, incident cerebrovascular disease, vascular events, and mortality.

Methods:
Four hundred thirty-four memory-clinic patients provided blood samples at baseline, underwent 3 annual neuropsychological assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and follow-up. NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and GDF-15 by quantitative sandwich immunoassay. Baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imagings were graded for white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, cortical infarcts, and intracranial stenosis. Data on incident vascular events and mortality were obtained.

Results:
Patients with higher levels of NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and GDF-15 showed greater decline in memory domain. Additionally, hs-cTnT was associated with decline in global cognition, executive function, and visuomotor speed. Higher levels of NT-proBNP were associated with incident cerebral microbleeds and hs-cTnT with incident cortical infarcts. During a mean follow-up of 3 years, 26 (5.9%) patients died and 35 (8.1%) developed vascular events. Patients with higher levels of NTpro-BNP and hs-cTnT were at increased risk of vascular events whereas those with higher levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were at risk of mortality.

Conclusions:
Higher levels of blood-based cardiac biomarkers were associated with decline in memory and risk of vascular events and mortality. Moreover, NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were associated with incident cerebral microbleeds and cortical infarcts. Thus, these biomarkers are potentially useful in identifying patients at risk of adverse vascular events and death.
Ancient Roots of Contemporary Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Shestova Tatiana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Analyzing ancient cosmopolitanism we can identify the various groups of interests behind contemporary globalization models. There are three directions in contemporary cosmopolitanism: egalitarian, libertarian, and mondialistic. Each of them is associated with a certain ancient school – the Cynics, Cyrenaics, Stoics. Each of these three lines has a definite social basis both in Antiquity and in the Age of Globalization. Cosmopolitanism is considered as a universal in time and space philosophical doctrine and ideological principia. Looking at cosmopolitanism through global-historical perspective, we can see its unchanged, permanent essence, which does not depend on concrete conditions. This article looks at ancient cosmopolitanism as a folded (latent) programme of globalization. Using the global-historical approach and the method of historical analogues the author reveals social and philosophical roots of contemporary cosmopolitanism in Antiquity. Some parallels between Hellenistic ethics and Confucian cosmopolitanism are drawn. The directions of ancient cosmopolitanism are compared to those of present.
Virtue Through Habituation: Virtue Cultivation in the Xunzi
Authors: Tang Siufu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates virtue cultivation in the Xunzi《荀子》, paying particular attention to the early formation period. I first give a brief survey of the usage of the character de 德 in the Xunzi and the corresponding understanding of virtue cultivation. With the identification of some of the most controversial questions regarding Xunzi’s ethical thought, including how a person with a bad nature comes to be attracted to virtue, recognize the value of virtue cultivation, and embark on the path of virtue cultivation, I then review the efforts that have been made to address these questions and evaluate what challenges remain. I go on to argue that such challenges can be met and articulate how a petty man can be attracted to and also recognize true virtue. Finally, borrowing some resources from Aristotle’s idea of habituation of virtuous actions, I argue that it is possible for a person to embark on virtue cultivation, even though he is without prior moral dispositions and internal motivation for virtue.
On Implementation of Intersectionality in Prosecuting and Adjudicating Mass Atrocities by the International Criminal Court
Authors: Maučec Gregor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article examines the relevant case law of the International Criminal Court (hereafter icc or Court) in order to assess the actual scope, confines and prospects of taking ‘intersectionality’ perspective in the Court’s prosecution and adjudication of mass atrocities involving discriminatory targeting. While the icc Prosecutor and judges traditionally resorted to uni-sectional analysis in considering such atrocities, some of the Court’s more recent jurisprudence subsequent to the adoption of the icc Prosecutor’s Policy Papers on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes (2014) and on Children (2016) seems to be indicative of a more intersectionality-friendly approach to prosecuting and adjudicating international crimes against different protected groups and their members. In addition to the two Prosecutor’s policy documents—both of which explicitly address the interplay between phenomena of interesectional discrimination and mass crimes in the work of the icc Prosecutor—the Al Hassan confirmation decision, carii decisions and Ntaganda reparations order appear to betoken similarly positive developments towards pursuing more intersectional approach in the icc case law. A critical and chronological assessment of the Court’s intersectionality jurisprudence, however, suggests that it may be too early to say that these recent developments in icc case law are to be seen as an indication of an emerging trend to give greater and more conscious consideration to the intersectionality phenomena in its rulings. They may just as well simply represent occasional lucid moments in the Court’s reasoning and pronouncement on this complex issue. It is accordingly proposed that the icc should take intersectionality more seriously in both prosecution and adjudication of international crimes that involve multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. Having discussed what that might have looked like in some of the earlier icc case law, the article turns to consider the prospects and space for the icc to actually implement intersectionality in its future jurisprudence. It looks at potential practical implications of the proposed jurisprudential developments for the Court and for the field of international criminal justice more generally. Finally, the article also reflects on the eventual pitfalls and challenges that such a regular and consistent intersectionality-driven interpretation and application of international criminal law may present for the Court.
Hymnographic Complex by Meletios Syrigos Dedicated to the Kyivan Cave Saints and All Russian Saints in the Russian Tradition
Authors: Borisova Tatiana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, topics regarding the glorification of the Kyivan Cave Saints and other Kyivan Saints of the 17th century are discussed, based on the hymnographic complex (complete feast service and paraklesis) to the Kyivan Cave Saints and All Russian Saints composed by Meletios Syrigos, prominent Cretan scholar and official legate of the Ecumenical Patriarch, during his stay in Kyiv in June 1643. The two manuscripts containing the Greek hymnographic text studied – including the autograph manuscript – reference the names of 55 Kyivan Cave Saints as well as 19 other Kyivan Saints, some of whom remain unknown. The Church Slavonic translation carried out directly after the composition of the Greek text was realized in two stages and is analyzed according to two manuscript sources. Only some parts of Meletios’ complex, namely the Paraklesis with the stichera and troparia, were translated into Slavonic. Several decades later (before 1677), the text of this translation was revised without consulting the original Greek text, resulting in the version kept in Church practice today. During the process of this revision, significant changes were made to the text, both regarding the commemorated persons and their presentation. Therefore, the comparative analysis of the Greek text alongside the Church Slavonic texts reveals unknown aspects and stages of the recognition and acceptance of the Kyivan Cave Saints both in Peter Mohyla’s time and later on, as well as the role of Meletios Syrigos in this process.
“North Korea and the Non-Aligned Movement: From Adulation to Marginalization”
Authors: Kerkhoff Nate 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The diplomatic history of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (dprk) is intrinsically tied to Cold War politics, often in the context of the Communist versus capitalist paradigm regarding competition with the Republic of Korea (rok). However, North Korea’s actions outside of this scope were significant to understanding the full spectrum of its foreign policy of the Cold War era. This article explores the dprk’s relationship with the Non-Aligned Movement in an attempt to shed light on this largely under-studied aspect. As arguably the most important institution for the Global South during the Cold War, North Korea hoped to influence its members into isolating the rok politically and diplomatically. However, while it remains a member to this day, North Korea’s relevancy within the organization lasted for only a few short years. The following examination explores this phenomenon and argues that despite built-in advantages, North Korea’s own policy decisions led to its demise among significant voices in the organization and failure to achieve even any part of its overall goal.
Guess Again: Revisiting the Last Major US Apparel Union Campaign at 25
Authors: McBride Justin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This year marks the 25th anniversary of the last major union organizing drive in the United States apparel sector. unite ran a difficult five-year campaign against Guess jeans, the largest apparel label in Los Angeles’s then powerful apparel industry. Though the union used a complex web of strikes, boycotts, and employment law suits, victory eluded unite. This article recounts the multi-year fight through interviews with key union-side figures, supplemented with an analysis of contemporaneous press clippings and legal documents. Findings challenge existing scholarship on the campaign. The union was more innovative in fighting Guess than is often acknowledged, but failed to follow up on its efforts in the la sector, abandoning apparel workers to a race to the bottom. The piece also finds evidence that the core strategy of Guess might have been successful in mitigating effects of globalization on sectors with extensive supply chains.
Ocean Salinity Aspects of the Ningaloo Niño
Authors: Guo Yaru , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan , Wei Yuntao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNingaloo Niño—the interannually occurring warming episode in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO)—has strong signatures in ocean temperature and circulation and exerts profound impacts on regional climate and marine biosystems. Analysis of observational data and eddy-resolving regional ocean model simulations reveals that the Ningaloo Niño/Niña can also induce pronounced variability in ocean salinity, causing large-scale sea surface salinity (SSS) freshening of 0.15–0.20 psu in the SEIO during its warm phase. Model experiments are performed to understand the underlying processes. This SSS freshening is mutually caused by the increased local precipitation (~68%) and enhanced freshwater transport of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF; ~28%) during Ningaloo Niño events. The effects of other processes, such as local winds and evaporation, are secondary (~18%). The ITF enhances the southward freshwater advection near the eastern boundary, which is critical in causing the strong freshening (>0.20 psu) near the Western Australian coast. Owing to the strong modulation effect of the ITF, SSS near the coast bears a higher correlation with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (0.57, 0.77, and 0.70 with the Niño-3, Niño-4, and Niño-3.4 indices, respectively) than sea surface temperature (−0.27, −0.42, and −0.35) during 1993–2016. Yet, an idealized model experiment with artificial damping for salinity anomaly indicates that ocean salinity has limited impact on ocean near-surface stratification and thus minimal feedback effect on the warming of Ningaloo Niño.
Pediatric Head and Neck Tumors Associated with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Rodriguez Kenny D. , Schneider Kami Wolfe , Suttman Alexandra , Garrington Timothy , Jellins Tennyson , Tholen Kaitlyn , Francom Christian R. , Herrmann Brian W. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Cancer predisposition syndromes are germline pathogenic variants in genes that greatly raise the risk of developing neoplastic diseases. One of the most well-known is Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), which is due to pathogenic variants in the TP53 gene. Children with LFS have higher risks for multiple malignancies before adulthood, often with rare and aggressive subtypes. Objective: To examine head and neck manifestations of LFS in children treated at a tertiary children’s hospital over a 20-year period. Methods: A retrospective review of LFS children with neoplastic disease presenting in traditional Otolaryngologic head and neck subsites from 2000 to 2019, with patient charts reviewed for relevant clinical, imaging, and operative data. Results: Of the 40 LFS patients initially identified, 27 neoplastic tumors were identified in 20 children within this cohort (20 primary, 7 second primary). Head and neck subsites aside from the brain or orbit were involved in 22% (6/27) of these tumors, representing 20% (4/20) of primary tumors and 29% (2/7) of second primary tumors. Both second primaries within the head and neck were within the radiation fields of the first primary tumor. The mean ages at primary and second primary diagnosis were 4.6 years (SD 3.5) and 12 years (SD 1.4), respectively. The male/female ratio was 1:6 among all patients with head and neck tumors. All 6 head and neck tumors were sarcomas. Rhabdomyosarcoma ( N = 3, 50%) was the most common pathology, and the other 3 demonstrated rare tumor pathological subtypes (synovial cell sarcoma, pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma, mandibular osteosarcoma). The neck was the most common subsite (75%) within this group for primary tumor presentation. Conclusion: This study identifies a high potential for head and neck involvement in children with LFS, which has not been previously described in the literature. Otolaryngological care should be included in a multidisciplinary care team surveilling these patients.