bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power system resilience assessment considering critical infrastructure resilience approaches and government policymaker criteria
Authors: Raoufi Habibollah , Vahidinasab Vahid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electric power system is one of the most important critical infrastructures of a country. Recently, the number of natural and man‐made disasters is increased, which can impose extensive damages and costs to the power system. A resilient power system can withstand against, adapt to and recover from these disasters. Power system resilience is quantified by mathematical tools which are called “resilience metrics”. Currently, a lot of resilience metrics are proposed in the power system literature. In this paper, based on the extensive research in the critical infrastructure resilience literature which specifically concentrates on the “area‐based” resilience metrics, a new area‐based resilience metric is proposed which can measure the power system resilience considering the government policymaker criteria, which are rarely noticed before. The proposed and conventional area‐based resilience metrics are evaluated based on the real data from the 2012 Superstorm Sandy in the USA, which led to significant damage to the power distribution system. The simulation results show that the proposed area‐based resilience metric is very simple, can successfully address actual power system performance curves and is more meaningful and tangible than the conventional area‐based metrics for the government policymaker. The proposed area‐based resilience metric has also a general form and can be used for other critical infrastructures.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA)
Authors: Grahammer Manuel 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit dem Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz (DVG) wurde vom Gesetzgeber 2020 ein Gesetz verabschiedet, welches die Digitalisierung der Gesundheitsversorgung voranbringen soll. Gemäß dem DVG haben Patient*innen einen Rechtsanspruch auf die Versorgung mit Digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) – weltweit erstmalig. DiGA sind digitale Medizinprodukte, sogenannte „Apps auf Rezept“, die vom Bundesamt für Medizinprodukte (BfArM) zugelassen werden und höchste Anforderungen an Qualität, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit erfüllen müssen. DiGA sind indikationsspezifisch und auch in der Rheumatologie werden sie sich zur digitalen Therapiebegleitung und -überwachung etablieren. Traditionell ist die Rheumatologie Vorreiter beim Einsatz innovativer Behandlungsansätze und es besteht unter Rheumatolog*innen und Patient*innen bereits heute eine überaus hohe Bereitschaft zur Integration von digitalen Anwendungen in der Versorgung. DiGA fördern die aktive Einbindung der Patient*innen in den Behandlungsprozess und steigern Effizienz und Effektivität der Behandlung. Dadurch werden Zeit und Ressourcen der Rheumatolog*innen sinnvoller eingesetzt, Leitlinienprinzipien konsequenter umgesetzt und letztlich die Qualität der Versorgung nachhaltig verbessert. Mit diesem Artikel soll ein Überblick über die „Weltpremiere“ Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen im rheumatologischen Versorgungskontext gewährt werden.
Infektionen der Beugesehnenscheide
Authors: Langer Martin Franz , Grünert Jörg G. , Unglaub Frank , Ueberberg Johanna , Glasbrenner Johannes , Oeckenpöhler Simon 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Infektionen der Beugesehnenscheide gehören immer noch zu den gravierendsten und folgenschwersten Infektionen an der Hand. Wenn die typischen Kardinalzeichen einer Beugesehnenscheideninfektion nach Kanavel bestehen, sollte unverzüglich die Indikation zur Operation gestellt werden. Die Folgeschäden einer verzögerten oder verspäteten Operation mit enormen Bewegungseinschränkungen der Finger durch Zerstörung der Gleitschichten und massiven Verklebungen, die sich später häufig nur noch wenig durch Handtherapie verbessern lassen, sind so gravierend, dass sich konservative Therapieversuche nur sehr schwer rechtfertigen lassen. Das schnelle chirurgische Eingreifen und die frühzeitige Eröffnung und Entlastung sowie die Spülung der Sehnenscheide kann die Erkrankung, die Zerstörung der Gleitschichten sowie die starken Schmerzen fast augenblicklich beenden. Wichtig sind ein schnelles Erkennen und ein schnelles Handeln. Bei frühzeitiger Intervention kann häufig die normale Handfunktion komplett wiederhergestellt werden.
Simple Synthesis of Fluorinated Ene-Ynes via In Situ Generation of Allenes
Authors: Sletten Ellen M. , Jaye Joseph A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFluorination of small molecules is a key route toward modulating reactivity and bioactivity. The 1,3 ene-yne functionality is an important synthon towards complex products, as well as a common functionality in biologically active molecules. Here, we present a new synthetic route towards fluorinated ene-ynes from simple starting materials. We employ gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to probe the sequential eliminations necessary for this transformation and observe an allene intermediate. The ene-yne products are sufficiently fluorous to enable purification via fluorous extraction. This methodology will allow facile access to functional, fluorous ene-ynes.
Impurity toroidal rotation profile measurement using upgraded high-resolution visible spectroscopic diagnostic on ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Shukla G. , Chowdhuri M. B. , Shah K. , Manchanda R. , Ramaiya N. , Tanna R. L. , Mayya K. B. K. , Ghosh J. ,   ADITYA-U team
Published: June 2021

A high-resolution spectroscopic diagnostic for the measurement of spatial profiles of impurity ion toroidal rotation velocities on the ADITYA-U tokamak has been upgraded to cover the complete plasma minor radius. Earlier, the coverage of diagnostics toward the plasma edge was restricted due to the placement of collection optics on the tangential port outside the vacuum vessel. The coverage of the full plasma minor radius, from 0 to 24 cm, has been achieved using the newly designed and developed collection optics that have seven lines of sight to view the tokamak plasma mounted inside a customized re-entrant view port which is installed in the shadow of the limiter inside the vacuum vessel. The upgraded diagnostic also includes a faster charged coupled device detector with a smaller pixel size for the detection of a small wavelength shift. The complete spatial profile has been measured using the Doppler shifted passive change exchange spectral line at 529.0 nm from the C5+ ion. In this article, we present the collection optics’ design, installation, calibration, and results obtained using the upgraded diagnostic.
An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The subsystem for the magnetopause shape control coils
Authors: E Peng , Guan Jian , Jin Chenggang , Mao Aohua , Ma Xun , Deng Weijun , Ding Mingjun , Kang Chuanhui , Li Songjie , Xiao Jinshui , Tong Weiming , Li Hongtao 
Published: June 2021

The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility currently under construction at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China uses four magnetosheath coils (flux cores) and a dipole coil to generate the magnetic field required for the study on the magnetopause magnetic reconnection. Two groups of magnetopause shape control coils (labeled CK coils) are used to slightly adjust the magnetic field distribution on the magnetopause. A capacitive pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite CK coils. The PPS system consists of six sets of PPS with the same principle and structure, which are used to excite six sub-coils of the CK coils, respectively. Each set of PPS consists of ten modules and one local controller, and each module consists of a charger and discharge unit. Each set of PPS can provide a pulsed current of no less than 400 kA for the corresponding sub-coil at 0.11 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 0.6 ms. The detailed design of the PPS is discussed in this paper, and the discharge test of the PPS is carried out to verify the design of the PPS. Because there are acquisition and control devices in the discharge unit, the electromagnetic interference immunity design is also discussed to ensure the normal operation of the PPS.
Foam film stratification studies probe intermicellar interactions
Authors: Ochoa Chrystian , Gao Shang , Srivastava Samanvaya , Sharma Vivek 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Quantitative characterization of intermicellar distances and interactions requires the use of bespoke, expensive techniques like small angle X-ray or neutron scattering, surface force apparatus, and atomic force microscopy. Here, we utilize Interferometry Digital Imaging Optical Microscopy (IDIOM) protocols to characterize nanoscopic topographical changes and stepwise thinning in stratifying micellar foam films. We find that the step size equals the intermicellar distance obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on bulk solutions. Our direct comparison of these length-scales unequivocally supports the hydrodynamic mechanism for stratification based on thin-film equation and disjoining pressure computed using liquid-state theory. We envision that our contributions will inspire scientists to explore foam film studies as simple but effective methods for characterizing nanoscopic colloidal interactions and forces.
Assembly factors chaperone ribosomal RNA folding by isolating helical junctions that are prone to misfolding
Authors: Huang Haina , Karbstein Katrin 
Published: June 2021

Significance
While RNAs are known to misfold, the causes of this remain unknown, especially for large RNAs. Similarly, how RNA chaperones promote native folding remains unclear. By studying 18S rRNA folding in yeast, we show that three-helix junctions are prone to misfolding. Furthermore, the data also show that assembly factors function as folding chaperones by isolating helical junctions, thereby allowing them to fold to the native state without interference from kinetic traps. Moreover, chaperones bind interaction partners, not the junctions themselves, thus acting indirectly. This local activity of chaperones contrasts with the role of protein chaperones which unfold the protein. These data provide insight into the folding of complex RNAs and show how chaperones function in RNA folding.
Doping effects on mechanical and thermodynamic properties of zirconium carbide systems: a first-principles study
Authors: Huang Shimin , Xu Shuang , Xu Yurong , Zhou Zixiang , Li Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Zirconium carbide (ZrCx) is an important high temperature structural material, whose wide engineering applications are limited by carbon vacancies. Doping various impurity elements (O, B, etc) into ZrCx may lead to a significant change in its mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties behaviors. In this paper, based on the density functional theory, the effects of carbon vacancy contents and dopant on mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of zirconium carbide were discussed. With the increase of the carbon vacancy contents, the Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus decrease gradually. When the tensile strain is greater than 0.4, ZrC0.75 has stronger plasticity than ZrC0.875, ZrC0.9375 and ZrC. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of ZrC, ZrC0.75O0.25, ZrC0.75B0.25 and ZrC0.75 were studied. Compared with ZrC0.75, the mechanical properties of ZrC0.75O0.25 and ZrC0.75B0.25 are improved, and the mechanical properties of the systems are improved the most by doping O atoms. Based on the quasi-harmonic approximation, the influence of doping atoms on thermodynamic properties of ZrC0.75O0.25, ZrC0.75B0.25 and ZrC0.75 was also investigated. Doping O and B atoms in ZrC0.75 can improve the thermal conductivity at high temperature, and ZrC0.75B0.25 has the highest thermal conductivity. The results also show that the thermal properties of ZrC0.75 can be improved by doping O and B atoms. With the increase of temperature, ZrC0.75O0.25 has the largest thermal expansion.
Voice-based screening for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in cardiovascular clinics
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Oulousian Emily , Ni Jiayi , Lopes Renato , Cheng Matthew Pellan , Label Julie , Henriques Filipe , Lighter Claudia , Giannetti Nadia , Avram Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Artificial intelligence (A.I) driven voice-based assistants may facilitate data capture in clinical care and trials; however, the feasibility and accuracy of using such devices in a healthcare environment are unknown. We explored the feasibility of using the Amazon Alexa (‘Alexa’) A.I. voice-assistant to screen for risk factors or symptoms relating to SARS-CoV-2 exposure in quaternary care cardiovascular clinics.

Methods and results
We enrolled participants to be screened for signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 exposure by a healthcare provider and then subsequently by the Alexa. Our primary outcome was interrater reliability of Alexa to healthcare provider screening using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Participants rated the Alexa in a post-study survey (scale of 1 to 5 with 5 reflecting strongly agree). This study was approved by the McGill University Health Centre ethics board. We prospectively enrolled 215 participants. The mean age was 46 years [17.7 years standard deviation (SD)], 55% were female, and 31% were French speakers (others were English). In total, 645 screening questions were delivered by Alexa. The Alexa mis-identified one response. The simple and weighted Cohen’s kappa statistic between Alexa and healthcare provider screening was 0.989 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.982–0.997] and 0.992 (955 CI 0.985–0.999), respectively. The participants gave an overall mean rating of 4.4 (out of 5, 0.9 SD).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the feasibility of an A.I. driven multilingual voice-based assistant to collect data in the context of SARS-CoV-2 exposure screening. Future studies integrating such devices in cardiovascular healthcare delivery and clinical trials are warranted.

Registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04508972.
Low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin in older patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing acute limb revascularization: insights from the VOYAGER PAD trial
Authors: Krantz Mori J , Debus Sebastian E , Hsia Judith , Patel Manesh R , Anand Sonia S , Nehler Mark R , Hess Connie N , Capell Warren H , Bracken Taylor , Szarek Michael , Mátyás Lajos , Krievins Dainis K , Nault Patrice , Stefanov Stefan , Haskell Lloyd P , Berkowitz Scott D , Muehlhofer Eva , Hiatt William R , Bauersachs Rupert M , Bonaca Marc P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
In this secondary analysis of the VOYAGER trial, rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice/day plus aspirin 100 mg/day was assessed in older adults. Advanced age is associated with elevated bleeding risk and unfavourable net benefit for dual antiplatelet therapy in chronic coronary artery disease. The risk–benefit of low-dose rivaroxaban in patients ≥75 years with peripheral artery disease (PAD) after lower extremity revascularization (LER) has not been described.

Methods and results
The primary endpoint was a composite of acute limb ischaemia, major amputation, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or cardiovascular death. The principal safety outcome was thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding analysed by the pre-specified age cut-off of 75 years. Of 6564 patients randomized, 1330 (20%) were &gt;75 years. Absolute 3-year Kaplan–Meier cumulative incidence rates for primary efficacy (23.4% vs. 19.0%) and safety (3.5% vs. 1.5%) endpoints were higher in elderly vs. non-elderly patients. Efficacy of rivaroxaban (P-interaction 0.83) and safety (P-interaction 0.38) was consistent irrespective of age. The combination of intracranial and fatal bleeding was not increased in patients &gt;75 years (2 rivaroxaban vs. 8 placebo). Overall, benefits (absolute risk reduction 3.8%, number needed to treat 26 for the primary endpoint) exceeded risks (absolute risk increase 0.81%, number needed to harm 123 for TIMI major bleeding).

Conclusion
Patients ≥75 years with PAD are at both heightened ischaemic and bleeding risk after LER. No excess harm with respect to major, intracranial or fatal bleeding was seen in older patients yet numerically greater absolute benefits were observed. This suggests that low-dose rivaroxaban combined with aspirin should be considered in PAD after LER regardless of age.
Coming to consensus: the Delphi technique
Authors: Niederberger Marlen , Köberich Stefan ,   members of the DeWiss Network
Published: June 2021

AbstractDelphi techniques are used in health care and nursing to systematically bring together explicit and implicit knowledge from experts with a research or practical background, often with the goal of reaching a group consensus. Consensus standards and findings are important for promoting the exchange of information and ideas on an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary basis, and for guaranteeing comparable procedures in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Yet, the development of consensus standards using Delphi techniques is challenging because it is dependent on the willingness of experts to participate and the statistical definition of consensus.
Asymptotics for 2D whispering gallery modes in optical micro-disks with radially varying index
Authors: Balac Stéphane , Dauge Monique , Moitier Zoïs 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Whispering gallery modes [WGM] are resonant modes displaying special features: they concentrate along the boundary of the optical cavity at high polar frequencies and they are associated with complex scattering resonances very close to the real axis. As a classical simplification of the full Maxwell system, we consider 2D Helmholtz equations governing transverse electric or magnetic modes. Even in this 2D framework, very few results provide asymptotic expansion of WGM resonances at high polar frequency $m\to \infty $ for cavities with radially varying optical index. In this work, using a direct Schrödinger analogy, we highlight three typical behaviors in such optical micro-disks, depending on the sign of an ‘effective curvature’ that takes into account the radius of the disk and the values of the optical index and its derivative. Accordingly, this corresponds to abruptly varying effective potentials (step linear or step harmonic) or more classical harmonic potentials, leading to three distinct asymptotic expansions for ground state energies. Using multiscale expansions, we design a unified procedure to construct families of quasi-resonances and associate quasi-modes that have the WGM structure and satisfy eigenequations modulo a super-algebraically small residual ${\mathscr{O}}(m^{-\infty })$. We show using the black box scattering approach that quasi-resonances are ${\mathscr{O}}(m^{-\infty })$ close to true resonances.
Association between incidental statin use and skeletal myopathies in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Drobni Zsofia D , Murphy Sean P , Alvi Raza M , Lee Charlotte , Gong Jingyi , Mosarla Ramya C , Rambarat Paula K , Hartmann Sarah B , Gilman Hannah K , Zubiri Leyre , Raghu Vineet K , Sullivan Ryan J , Zafar Amna , Zlotoff Daniel A , Sise Meghan E , Guidon Amanda C , Reynolds Kerry L , Dougan Michael , Neilan Tomas G 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Objectives
Skeletal myopathies are highly morbid, and in rare cases even fatal, immune-related adverse events (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Skeletal myopathies are also a recognized statin-associated side effect. It is unknown whether concurrent use of statins and ICIs increases the risk of skeletal myopathies.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who were treated with an ICI at a single academic institution (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA). The primary outcome of interest was the development of a skeletal myopathy. The secondary outcome of interest was an elevated creatine kinase level (above the upper limit of normal).

Results
Among 2757 patients, 861 (31.2%) were treated with a statin at the time of ICI start. Statin users were older, more likely to be male and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular co-morbidities. During a median follow-up of 194 days (inter quartile range 65–410), a skeletal myopathy occurred in 33 patients (1.2%) and was more common among statin users (2.7 vs. 0.9%, P &lt; 0.001). Creatine kinase (CK) elevation was present in 16.3% (114/699) and was higher among statin users (20.0 vs. 14.3%, P = 0.067). In a multivariable Cox model, statin therapy was associated with a &gt;2-fold higher risk for skeletal myopathy (HR, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–4.50; P = 0.033).

Conclusion
In this large cohort of ICI-treated patients, a higher risk was observed for skeletal myopathies and elevation in CK levels in patients undergoing concurrent statin therapy. Prospective observational studies are warranted to further elucidate the potential association between statin use and ICI-associated myopathies.
Phenotypes of engagement with mobile health technology for heart rhythm monitoring
Authors: Lee Jihui , Turchioe Meghan Reading , Creber Ruth Masterson , Biviano Angelo , Hickey Kathleen , Bakken Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesGuided by the concept of digital phenotypes, the objective of this study was to identify engagement phenotypes among individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF) using mobile health (mHealth) technology for 6 months.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of mHealth data, surveys, and clinical records collected by participants using mHealth in a clinical trial. Patterns of participants’ weekly use over 6 months were analyzed to identify engagement phenotypes via latent growth mixture model (LGMM). Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to compute the effects of predictors on LGMM classes.ResultsOne hundred twenty-eight participants (mean age 61.9 years, 75.8% male) were included in the analysis. Application of LGMM identified 4 distinct engagement phenotypes: “High-High,” “Moderate-Moderate,” “High-Low,” and “Moderate-Low.” In multinomial models, older age, less frequent afternoon mHealth use, shorter intervals between mHealth use, more AF episodes measured directly with mHealth, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction were more strongly associated with the High-High phenotype compared to the Moderate-Low phenotype (reference). Older age, more palpitations, and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack were more strongly associated with the Moderate-Moderate phenotype compared to the reference.DiscussionEngagement phenotypes provide a nuanced characterization of how individuals engage with mHealth over time, and which individuals are more likely to be highly engaged users.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that engagement phenotypes are valuable in understanding and possibly intervening upon engagement within a population, and also suggests that engagement is an important variable to be considered in digital phenotyping work more broadly.