bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease predispose to a more severe outcome of COVID-19
Authors: Ramphul Kamleshun , Lohana Petras , Ramphul Yogeshwaree , Park Yun , Mejias Stephanie , Kaur Dhillon Balkiranjit , Sombans Shaheen , Verma Renuka 
Published: April 2021

Introductionthe world is currently facing the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The total number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rising daily and no vaccine has yet been approved. While the pathophysiology behind the virus is still being studied, many possible several risk factors using small sample sizes have been found.Material and methodsWe conducted a pooled analysis using several databases such as Medline, Scopus, Wangfang, Web of Science, Research Square, medrxiv, and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting severe and non-severe groups of COVID-19 patients. The odds ratios as well as the 95% confidence intervals for hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease leading to severe COVID-19 were calculated using R-software.ResultsFifty-three articles were used for our analysis and they involved 30,935 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from several countries across the world. The odds ratio for severe COVID-19 in hypertensive patients, diabetics, and patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease was 2.58 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.16–3.08, from 53 studies), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.72–2.74, from 44 studies), and 2.63 (95% CI: 1.80–3.85, from 25 studies), respectively.ConclusionsOur analysis confirms that patients with hypertension, diabetes, or cerebrovascular disease are at a higher risk of a severe outcome of COVID-19. It is thus vital for physicians to identify the main risk factors for a severe outcome of this disease.
Icariin interferes with TDP43-induced inflammatory factor secretion and inhibits the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in vitro
Authors: Huang He , Wu Pei-Yu , Zhang Zhao-Fei , Qin Feng-Wei , Tang Wang , Liu Dong-Hua 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionTo investigate the molecular mechanism of icariin (ICA) intervention in TDP-43 mediated chondrocyte lesions of osteoarthritis.Material and methodsHC-α chondrocytes were transfected with TDP-43 lentiviruses to generate TDP-43-overexpressing chondrocytes and treated with 5 μg/mL icariin. The level of TDP-43, JNK, p38 MAPK and relative factors were detected by Western blotting assays. TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant were determined by ELISA.ResultsCompared with the HC-α group, TDP-43 expression was significantly increased in the TDP-43-HC-α group and was not significantly different that of the HC-α+ICA group. However, TDP-43 expression in the TDP-43-HC-α+ICA group was significantly lower than that in the TDP-43-HC-α group. ELISA showed that the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant of the TDP-43-HC-α group was significantly increased (P<0.01) compared with the HC-α group, but was significantly lower in the supernatant of the TDP-43-HC-α+ICA group than that of the TDP-43-HC-α group (P<0.01). ICA treatment reduced the expression of TDP-43 in chondrocytes and inhibited the elevation of inflammatory cytokines caused by TDP-43. ICA processing can also inhibit the activation of JNK/p38 MAPK related signaling pathways caused by TDP-43. Overexpression of TDP-43 reduced the formation of stress granules (SGs)in chondrocytes, and increased receptor for activated protein kinase C1 (RACK1) level. ICA could reverse these changes.ConclusionsIcariin could interfere with TDP-43-induced secretion of inflammatory factors, inhibit JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Our findings provided a new theoretical basis for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
High-intensity interval training can improve hand grip strength, inspiratory muscle, and quality of life in systemic sclerosis subjects
Authors: Ruslina Defi Irma , Gultom Chandrawati , Jessica Chorman Maria , Jennie Jennie 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionSystemic sclerosis/scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease with connective tissue, multi-organ, and multisystem involvement. The disease has three main characteristics, namely vasculopathy, fibrosis, and autoimmunity. The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in aerobic exercise on other rheumatic diseases has been studied, for example in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of HIIT of aerobics exercise on improving the inspiratory muscle, quality of life and functional ability for systemic sclerosis subjects.Material and methodsThe study was conducted on patients with confirmed systemic sclerosis who met the inclusion criteria. The research was carried out for 12 months in the outpatient clinic and gait laboratory of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.ResultsAfter HIIT in aerobic exercise, we found significant changes in inspiratory muscle (SNIP values 45.67 [30.92] vs. 54.25 [22.71]), handgrip (13.14 [4.42] vs. 15.63 [4.08]), walking speed (184.70 [26.86] vs. 246.6 [12.30]), metabolic equivalent (3.53 [0.30] vs. 4.21 [1.25]) and Scleroderma-Specific Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index for all visual analog scale (VAS) domains except Disability Index. Exercise approaches are characterized by repeated cycles of exercise interrupted by rest. For a range of clinical conditions, HIIT in aerobic exercise is known to remedy blood vessel function.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HIIT in aerobic exercise has improved functional ability, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in SSc subjects. Training twice a week in a 12-week HIIT program is considered to be safe for this population. We have to consider internal and external factors that influenced the result. A larger sample and further exploration of the feasibility of combined exercise in SSc patients should be the focus for future research.
GAP, DAP, DOKAP ve KOP EYLEM PLANLARI KAPSAMINDAKİ İLLERİN TEŞVİK POLİTİKALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KOÇAK Deniz 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: İller arasındaki eşitsizliklerin ve farklılıkların giderilerek ülke çapında sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişliğin sağlanması amacıyla, kalkınmada geride kalan birimler teşvikler yardımıyla desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada iller için yapılan teşvik politikalarının etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.Yöntem: İllerin teşvik politikalarını uygulama düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi, çok boyutlu bir yapıya sahip olan teşvik kavramıyla ilişkili birçok göstergenin aynı anda kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Çalışmada teşvik kavramını karakterize eden 8 gösterge sentetik ölçü içerisinde Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi (GAP), Doğu Anadolu Projesi (DAP), Doğu Karadeniz Projesi (DOKAP) ve Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP) eylem planları kapsamındaki 41 ile uygulanarak, bu illerin teşvik performansları sıralanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda teşvik göstergeleri bakımından illerin benzer düzeylerde değerlendirilmesi amacıyla, 4 düzey oluşturularak sınıflandırma da yapılmaktadır.Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, iller arasındaki yakınsamalar ve sapmaların tespit edilmesini mümkün kılmakla birlikte, eylem planlarındaki illerin yeni teşvik politikaları ile ne düzeyde desteklenmesi gerektiği sorusuna da yanıt vermektedir.Özgünlük: Yapılan çalışmanın illerin teşvik politikalarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi bakımından literatüre katkı sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN YANG MENGALAMI KERUGIAN AKIBAT PENGIRIMAN BARANG OLEH PERUSAHAAN EKSPEDISI LAUT MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Nababan Roida , Anggusti Martono , Sirait Sonya Lorensa 
Published: April 2021

The responsibility of the shipping company in reimbursing losses suffered by consumers in the delivery of goods resulting from damage to goods or loss of goods then looking for evidence that damage and loss of goods occur due to transportation of goods to the detriment of the consumer in accordance with Article 188 of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and Article 1 number 1 of Law No.8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.
From the results of the study it can be concluded that first, if the goods transported are lost / stolen or damaged due to the fault of the transporting company, then he must be responsible. Second, the legal efforts undertaken by the consumer, namely the resolution of disputes outside the court, the peaceful settlement of disputes by the parties to the dispute is a legal remedy that was first attempted by the parties to the dispute, before the parties chose to settle the dispute through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency. The results of the study the authors provide advice to protect consumers, shipping companies responsible for compensation for goods / or services must be replaced with the actual price of goods in accordance with the law by looking at a written contract that is agreed between the business actor and the consumer.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMBELI DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI MELALUI SISTEM ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Habeahan Besty , Tamba Aurelius Rizal 
Published: April 2021

The Research on Buyer Legal Protection in the sale and purchase agreement through an electronic system aims to find out how the validity of the sale agreement through an electronic system and how the form of legal protection of buyers for losses due to damage to goods purchased through an electronic. By the agreement between the seller and the buyer in the sale and purchase agreement, they have the rights and obligations. This research method use Library Research Method and the research carried out in the library, where data is obtained from availeble data by reading, studying books, laws and relations, magazines, scientific paper, legal dictionaries and so on. Based on the method used, the results of this study indicate that the validity of the sale and purchaseagreement through an electronic system still considers the validity of the agreement as Article 1230 KUHP of the Civil Code, namely agreement of both parties, where both parties are capable in doing legal action and cause-effect which is lawfull. Buyer’s legal protection for losses due to damage to goods purchased through electronic systems is preventive protection and repressive protection, the buyerwho suffered the loss ca sue for loss or claim the replacement of the damaged goods with goods of the same brand.
The thermal response of small and shallow lakes to climate change: new insights from 3D hindcast modelling
Authors: Piccioni Francesco , Casenave Céline , Lemaire Bruno Jacques , Le Moigne Patrick , Dubois Philippe , Vinçon-Leite Brigitte 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Small, shallow lakes represent the majority of inland freshwater bodies. However, the effects of climate change on such ecosystems have rarely been quantitatively addressed. We propose a methodology to evaluate the thermal response of small, shallow lakes to long-term changes in the meteorological conditions through model simulations. To do so, a 3D thermal-hydrodynamic model is forced with meteorological data and used to hindcast the evolution of an urban lake in the Paris region between 1960 and 2017. Its thermal response is assessed through a series of indices describing its thermal regime in terms of water temperature, thermal stratification, and potential cyanobacteria production. These indices and the meteorological forcing are first analysed over time to test the presence of long-term monotonic trends. 3D simulations are then exploited to highlight the presence of spatial heterogeneity. The analyses show that climate change has strongly impacted the thermal regime of the study site. Its response is highly correlated with three meteorological variables: air temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed. Mean annual water temperature shows a considerable warming trend of 0.6 ∘C per decade, accompanied by longer stratification and by an increase in thermal energy favourable to cyanobacteria proliferation. The strengthening of thermal conditions favourable for cyanobacteria is particularly strong during spring and summer, while stratification increases especially during spring and autumn. The 3D analysis allows us to detect a sharp separation between deeper and shallower portions of the basin in terms of stratification dynamics and potential cyanobacteria production. This induces highly dynamic patterns in space and time within the study site that are particularly favourable to cyanobacteria growth and bloom initiation.
Norwegian Sea net community production estimated from O2 and prototype CO2 optode measurements on a Seaglider
Authors: Possenti Luca , Skjelvan Ingunn , Atamanchuk Dariia , Tengberg Anders , Humphreys Matthew P. , Loucaides Socratis , Fernand Liam , Kaiser Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We report on a pilot study using a CO2 optode deployed on a
Seaglider in the Norwegian Sea from March to October 2014. The optode
measurements required drift and lag correction and in situ calibration
using discrete water samples collected in the vicinity. We found that the
optode signal correlated better with the concentration of CO2,
c(CO2), than with its partial pressure, p(CO2). Using the calibrated
c(CO2) and a regional parameterisation of total alkalinity (AT) as a
function of temperature and salinity, we calculated total dissolved
inorganic carbon content, c(DIC), which had a standard deviation of
11 µmol kg−1 compared with in situ measurements. The glider was
also equipped with an oxygen (O2) optode. The O2 optode was
drift corrected and calibrated using a c(O2) climatology for deep
samples. The calibrated data enabled the calculation of DIC- and
O2-based net community production, N(DIC) and N(O2). To derive N, DIC
and O2 inventory changes over time were combined with estimates of
air–sea gas exchange, diapycnal mixing and entrainment of deeper waters.
Glider-based observations captured two periods of increased Chl a inventory
in late spring (May) and a second one in summer (June). For the May period,
we found N(DIC) = (21±5) mmol m−2 d−1,
N(O2) = (94±16) mmol m−2 d−1 and an (uncalibrated) Chl a peak
concentration of craw(Chl a) = 3 mg m−3. During the June period,
craw(Chl a) increased to a summer maximum of 4 mg m−3, associated
with N(DIC) = (85±5) mmol m−2 d−1 and
N(O2) = (126±25) mmol m−2 d−1. The high-resolution dataset allowed
for quantification of the changes in N before, during and after the periods
of increased Chl a inventory. After the May period, the remineralisation of
the material produced during the period of increased Chl a inventory
decreased N(DIC) to (-3±5) mmol m−2 d−1 and N(O2) to
(0±2) mmol m−2 d−1. The survey area was a source of O2
and a sink of CO2 for most of the summer. The deployment captured two
different surface waters influenced by the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC)
and the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). The NCC was characterised by lower
c(O2) and c(DIC) than the NwAC, as well as lower N(O2) and
craw(Chl a) but higher N(DIC). Our results show the potential of glider
data to simultaneously capture time- and depth-resolved variability in DIC
and O2 concentrations.
Efektifitas Aplikasi Waktu Pemberian Biourine Plus dan Dosis Pupuk Urea Terhadap Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Qibtiyah Mariyatul 
Published: April 2021

Objective of the research was to study the effect of application time of biourine plus and dosages of urea fertilizer on increasing the growth and production of rice. The research applied the Split Plot Design by 3 replications. The main plot is the application time of biourine that comprises of 2 levels: in the morning and in the afternoon. The sub plot is the dosage of urea fertilizer that comprises of 5 levels: 0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1. Result of the research showed a significant interaction between time of application of biourine plus and dosage of urea fertilizer on diverse-observed parameters and ages. On parameter of growth, the application time in the morning and dosage of urea fertilizer 250 kg ha-1 and application time in the morning by dosage of urea fertilizer 300 kg ha-1 could increase plant leaf, area indexs heigth, numbers of plantlet per clump, which are better than other treatments. On parameter of yield, the application time in the morning and dosage of urea fertilizer 250 kg ha-1 and application time in the morning and dosage of urea 300 kg ha-1 could increase numbers of panicle per clump and weight of harvested dry spikelets per hectare, which are better than other treatments.
Kajian Macam Pupuk Organik dan Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Amiroh Ana , Khumairoh Seftiana Zahrotul , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Suharso Suharso 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Dalegan Kecamatan Panceng Kabupaten Gresik. Yang memiliki ketinggian tempat ± 6 meter diatas permukaan laut. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai April 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan setiap faktor terdiri dari 3 level yaitu : macam pupuk organik dan jarak tanam. Faktor pertama, macam pupuk organik terdiri dari 3 level yaitu kontrol, pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk kandang ayam. Faktor kedua, jarak tanam yang terdiri dari 3 level yaitu 75 X 20 cm, 60 X 25 cm, 50 X 30 cm. Indikator pertumbuhan dan produksi yang diamati terdiri dari : tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, berat biji kering, berat 1000 biji. Waktu pengamatan dilaksanakan mulai umur 28 hari dengan interval 14 hari sekali. Data hasil dari penelitian dianalisa menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%. Hasil pengamatan dan perhitungan melalui analisa sidik ragam dapat diambil simpulan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan pupuk kandang ayam dan jarak tanam 60 cm x 25 cm terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung. Menunjukan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 42 dan 56 hst, panjang tongkol, berat biji kering dan berat 1000 biji. Terdapat beda sangat nyata pada pengamatan tinggi tanaman umur 28 hst, jumlah daun 42 dan 56 hst, diameter tongkol. Terdapat tidak beda nyata pada pengamatan jumlah daun umur 28 hst.
UJI ANALISA APLIKASI DOSIS PGPR (PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA) DAN PUPUK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI MERAH BESAR (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Chozin Ahmad Nur , Amiroh Ana , Istiqomah Istiqomah 
Published: April 2021

Cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.) salah satu hasil pertanian yang penting dan banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Kendala dalam minimnya produksi tanaman cabai adalah kurangnya produktifitas lahan dan pemanfaatan bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis PGPR yang tepat dan penggunaan pupuk kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman cabai merah besar (Capsicum annum L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan setiap faktor terdiri dari 3 level yaitu : dosis PGPR dan dosis pupuk kompos. Faktor pertama dosis PGPR terdiri dari 3 level kontrol tanpa PGPR, dosis PGPR 150 ml/tan dan dosis PGPR 300 ml/tan. Faktor kedua dosis pupuk kompos dengan level kontrol tanpa pupuk kompos, dosis pupuk kompos 5 ton/ha dan dosis pupuk kompos 7,5 ton/ha. Indikator paramater pertumbuhan dan produksi yang diamati terdiri dari : Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah buah per tanaman. Waktu pengamatan dimulai dari umur 14 hari setelah tanam dengan interval waktu 14 hari sekali. Data hasil dari penelitian dianalisa menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%. Terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan macam dosis PGPR dan Pupuk kompos terhadapat parameter pengamatan diameter batang pada umur 28 hst, 42 hst dan 56 hst pada dosis PGPR 300 ml/tan dan Pupuk kompos 7,5 ton/ha. Kombinasi perlakuan dosis PGPR 300 ml/tan dan pupuk kompos 7,5 ton/ha memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai dengan nilai rata- rata 58,56 per tanaman.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PADI (Oryza sativa L.) MELALUI APLIKASI MACAM DAN KONSENTRASI BIOURINE
Authors: Assari Mokhammad Rizal , Anam Choirul , Qibtiyah Mariyatul 
Published: April 2021

gramineae) dan merupakan sumber makanan pokok sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia. Pemakaian pupuk kimia yang berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan tertiggalnya residu sehingga kebutuhan unsur hara dalam tanah yang dibutuhkan tanaman semakin berkurang dengan penggunaan pupuk organik cair Biourine dapat menekan pemakaian pupuk kimia dimana Biourine membantu untuk menyuburkan tanah, menjaga stabilitas unsur hara dalam tanah, membantu memperbaiki produktivitas tanah dan meningkatkan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sambungrejo, Kecamatan Modo, Kabupaten Lamongan. Ketinggian tempat 54.88 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu Konsentrasi Biourine dan Macam Biourine. Faktor Konsentrasi Biourine terdiri 3 perlakuan yaitu: 1:5 L, 1:10 L, 1:15. Faktor Macam Biourine terdiri dari 3 level yaitu: Tanpa Biourine / kontrol, Biourine Sapi, Biourine Kambing. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa yang memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik yaitu perlakuan konsentrasi 1:5 dan Biourine kambing dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lain.
PENGARUH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT DAN KEADILAN PROSEDURAL (PROCEDURAL JUSTICE) TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PT. LAMONGAN GAS LESTARI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Huda Miftahul , Azar Moh. Azus Shony 
Published: April 2021

Human resources are important in a company Therefore, it is necessary to have good human resource management to support the achievement of the objectives of the company by implementing Total Quality Management and Procedural Fairness to employees. This research to determine and analyze how much Total Quality Management and Procedural Fairness on Employee Performance. The sampling technique used is field research using saturated samples. The samples of this study were 34 samples, employees who worked at PT. Lamongan Gas Lestari Lamongan Regency which then becomes the respondent and fills in the questionnaire provided by the author. Based on questionnaire data that has been processed with the help of the SPSS 23.0 application and has been tested for validity and reliability, it can be stated that all of the data is valid and reliable. Then based on the results of the study show based on the F test states that there is an effect of Total Quality Management, Procedural Justice simultaneously on employee performance of 30,660, t test stated that the variable Total Quality Management of 2.952 and Procedural Justice of 3.420 is the dominant variable in influencing employee performance. Based on the coefficient of determination test it can be seen that the R2 value of 66.4 means that the influence of Total Quality Management, Procedural Justice and employee performance is 66.4%, the remaining 33.6% is influenced by other factors outside this research variable.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI SEKOLAH MELALUI KELOMPOK KERJA GURU ( KKG ) SEKOLAH DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR
Authors: Aminarti Aminarti 
Published: April 2021

Teacher Working Group (KKG) schools and committees / communities can improve learning achievement in SD Negeri Blimbing I Lamongan District. Increasing teachers' understanding of the importance of using the school environment as a source of learning by sensitizing and guiding teachers to understand the importance of utilizing the school environment as a learning resource, developing learning implementation plan (RPP) and learning implementation by utilizing the school environment as a source of learning while keeping the principles -the principle of learning forms that favor learning through relating, experienting, actuating, contextual, transferring.