bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design criteria of solid‐state circuit breaker for low‐voltage microgrids
Authors: Purgat Pavel , Shah Samad , van der Blij Nils , Qin Zian , Bauer Pavol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSolid‐state circuit breakers (SSCB) show great promise to become the key element in the protection of low‐voltage direct current microgrids. SSCBs operate in the microsecond range and employ semi‐conductor devices that have strict safe operation area limits. Therefore, the design of the SSCB needs to consider the effects of fault detection delays and semi‐conductor safe operation area limitations. This paper derives SSCB design criteria that consider the effect of different detection methods with different detection delays under varying system constraints. The design space is investigated in a sensitivity analysis, which provides insights into the operation boundaries of SSCB and explains how a combination of fault detection methods can reduce the SSCB size. The insights from the theoretical and sensitivity analysis are used to propose an SSCB design flowchart. SSCB prototype is developed and tested in different scenarios under nominal grid voltage and current. The derived design constraints can be used for efficient SSCB design and also to evaluate the effects of different protection schemes on the required SSCB size.
Prädiktoren für den Eintritt in ein Pflegeheim bei bestehender Pflegebedürftigkeit – Eine Sekundärdatenanalyse im Längsschnittdesign
Authors: Stiefler Susanne , Seibert Kathrin , Domhoff Dominik , Wolf-Ostermann Karin , Peschke Dirk 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ermittlung von Prädiktoren für den Eintritt in ein Pflegeheim mittels einer Sekundärdatenanalyse von Krankenkassen- und Pflegebegutachtungsdaten.
Methodik Eine retrospektive Längsschnittanalyse betrachtet den Zeitraum von 2006–2016 unter Verwendung von Routinedaten. Krankenkassen- und Pflegebegutachtungsdaten von im Jahr 2006 pflegebedürftig gewordenen Menschen, die in der eigenen Häuslichkeit lebten, wurden zusammengeführt. Prädiktoren für einen Pflegeheimeintritt wurden auf dieser Basis und mit Hilfe von Cox Regressionsanalysen ermittelt.
Ergebnisse Die Studienpopulation umfasste 48 892 Menschen. Demenz, Krebserkrankungen des Gehirns, kognitive Einschränkungen, die Verschreibung von Antipsychotika, Frakturen mit Krankenhausaufenthalten, Krankenhausaufenthalte über zehn Tage Länge und höheres Alter wiesen die höchsten Effektstärken unter den Prädiktoren auf.
Schlussfolgerung Kenntnisse über die Prädiktoren dienen der Sensibilisierung von Akteuren in der Versorgung pflegebedürftiger Menschen. Sie erleichtern das Erkennen von Unterstützungsbedarf in der eigenen Häuslichkeit bei Menschen, die unter einem erhöhten Risiko eines Heimeintritts stehen.
Ärztliche Arbeitsbelastung durch bürokratische Tätigkeiten am Beispiel medizinischer Begründungen in der klinischen Psychiatrie
Authors: Heck Johannes , Ihlefeld Christian , Krüger Tillmann 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Im Zuge der zunehmenden Bürokratisierung des Arztberufs drohen Kernaufgaben der klinischen ärztlichen Tätigkeit in den Hintergrund zu geraten. Bürokratische Aufgaben können zu einer vermehrten Arbeitsbelastung des ärztlichen Personals und zu einer Gefährdung der Patientensicherheit führen. Dennoch liegen kaum Daten zur ärztlichen Arbeitsbelastung durch bürokratische Tätigkeiten vor. Das vorliegende Pilotprojekt soll einen Beitrag zur Schließung dieser Datenlücke leisten.
Methodik Am Beispiel medizinischer Begründungen (MBEG) in der klinischen Psychiatrie wurde über einen 6-Monats-Zeitraum untersucht, wie viel Arbeitszeit im Klinikalltag für bürokratische Tätigkeiten aufzuwenden ist. Insgesamt wurden 66 MBEG für 42 Patienten erstellt und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Pro Kalenderwoche wurden 2,6 ± 2,2 MBEG (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung) erstellt, bei einer geschätzten durchschnittlichen Bearbeitungszeit von 22 Minuten pro MBEG. Für knapp 30 % der MBEG war mindestens eine halbe Stunde Arbeitszeit bis zur Fertigstellung erforderlich. Ungefähr ein Viertel aller MBEG-Anfragen war fehlerhaft zugeordnet oder es handelte sich um bereits beantwortete Anfragen.
Schlussfolgerung Die aus einem Übermaß an Bürokratie resultierende Mehrarbeit kann ein Risiko für die Gesundheit des ärztlichen Personals darstellen und die Patientensicherheit kompromittieren. Maßnahmen zum Bürokratieabbau, z. B. mithilfe technischer Lösungen, sollten umgesetzt werden.
Healthy Aging – Mikronährstoffe
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Vitamine D und K2 interagieren auf vielen Stoffwechselwegen, v. a. im Kalzium- und Knochenstoffwechsel und haben günstige Effekte für die Knochendichte. Vitamin-K-abhängige Proteine sind an der Blutgerinnung beteiligt und schützen Arterien vor arteriosklerotischer Mikrokalzifizierung. Ein Mangel an Vitamin B12 und/oder Folsäure resultiert in Hyperhomocysteinämie. Diese ist im fortgeschrittenen Alter mit einer Abnahme von kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit und Hirngröße assoziiert und gilt als Risikofaktor für eine Alzheimer-Demenz. Coenzym Q10 (Ubiquinon) spielt eine essenzielle Rolle bei der zellulären Energieproduktion. Das Vitaminoid ist Zellregulator, Antioxidanz und beeinflusst die Aktivität zahlreicher Gene. So beugt es Zellläsionen sowie Inflammaging vor. Das Verhältnis der reduzierten Form Ubiquinol zu Ubiquinon im Blut ist ein Marker für oxidativen Stress. Eine unzureichende Versorgung führt zu Störungen u. a. im Herz-Kreislauf- und Immunsystem.
Resilienz
Authors: Oliver Tüscher , Kalisch Raffael , Wackerhagen Carolin , Walter Henrik 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPsychische Erkrankungen, insbesondere solche, in denen Stress ein wesentlicher pathogenetischer Faktor ist, gehören zu den häufigsten, belastendsten und kostenintensivsten Erkrankungen unserer Zeit. Andererseits ist psychische Gesundheit trotz häufiger Exposition durch allgegenwärtige Widrigkeiten und Stressoren das weitaus häufigere Phänomen als psychische Erkrankungen. Mit anderen Worten, Resilienz gegenüber stressassoziierten Erkrankungen ist der Regelfall. Die Erforschung psychischer Resilienz und ihrer zugrunde liegenden kognitiven und neurobiologischen Mechanismen bietet daher innovative Möglichkeiten zum Verständnis der natürlichen Schutzmechanismen gegenüber stressassoziierten psychischen Erkrankungen, weist neue Wege für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung und ergänzt die krankheitsbezogene Forschung. Die Voraussetzungen für ein einheitliches Verständnis und eine erfolgreiche neurobiologische Erforschung von Resilienz sind geeignete Methoden zur Konzeptualisierung, Operationalisierung und der Planung von Studiendesigns. Zu diesen gehören ein transdiagnostisches Vorgehen, die Operationalisierung von Resilienz als „Outcome“, d. h. Ergebnis eines Entwicklungsprozesses, eine Erfassung und Berücksichtigung der Stressorexposition, längsschnittliche Studiendesigns und die translationale Identifizierung von Resilienzmechanismen.
Update 2021: Vitamin C und Zink bei COVID-19
Authors: Vollbracht Claudia , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Studien zeigen einen deutlichen Benefit von Vitamin C bei COVID-19. Signifikante Verbesserungen gab es bei Sauerstoffversorgung, Reduktion des Zytokinsturms, Mortalitätsrisko, Heilungsrate und Verweildauer im Krankenhaus. Bei der supportiven Therapie mit Vitamin C erzielen Infusionen höhere Wirkspiegel im Blut als die orale Gabe, bei der u. a. genetisch bedingte Resorptionsunterschiede die Wirkung beeinflussen.
Anonyme Alkoholiker wirksamer als Psychotherapie?
Authors: Bischof Gallus , Bischof Anja , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine 2020 veröffentlichte, aktualisierte Cochrane-Analyse zu Anonymen
Alkoholikern und 12-Schritte Programmen zur Behandlung alkoholbezogener
Störungen schreibt diesen Interventionsformen eine bessere Evidenz
gegenüber etablierten psychotherapeutischen Verfahren zu. Der
Beitrag stellt zentrale Befunde des Reviews vor und
überprüft deren interne und externe Validität. Diese
sind eingeschränkt durch die verwendeten Definitionen der
Outcomeparameter, der Interventions- und Kontrollbedingungen, die
Selektivität der berichteten Ergebnisse und die
eingeschränkte Generalisierbarkeit der Stichproben.
Diagnosis and Management of Vaccine-Related Thrombosis following AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccination: Guidance Statement from the GTH
Authors: Oldenburg Johannes , Klamroth Robert , Langer Florian , Albisetti Manuela , von Auer Charis , Ay Cihan , Korte Wolfgang , Scharf Rüdiger E. , Pötzsch Bernd , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global healthcare crisis. Based on reports of atypically located thromboses following vaccination with the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH) has issued guidance statements on the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare complication. It shares pathophysiological features with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and is referred to as vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT).
The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit as a Critical Care Setting for Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Service Evaluation
Authors: Fitchett Elizabeth J. A. , Rubens Matthew , Styles Katherine , Bycroft Thomas , Nadel Simon , Gómez Carlos M. H. , Mitting Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne strategy to expand critical care capacity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic within the United Kingdom has been to repurpose other clinical departments, including the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and pediatric multidisciplinary team, to accommodate critically unwell adult patients. While multiple PICUs have treated adult patients with COVID-19, there is an absence of data on the characteristics of patients transferred to pediatric care and their resulting outcomes in comparison to standard adult intensive care unit (AICU) provision. Data were collected for all adult COVID-19 intensive care admissions between March and May 2020, in three ICUs within a single center: PICU, AICU, and theater recovery ICU (RICU). Patient characteristics, severity of illness, and outcomes were described according to the ICU where most of their bed-days occurred. Outcomes included duration of organ support and ICU admission, and mortality at 30 days. Mortality was compared between patients in PICU and the other adult ICUs, using a logistic regression model, adjusting for known confounding variables. Eighty-eight patients were included: 15 (17.0%) in PICU, 57 (64.7%) in AICU, and 16 (18.1%) in RICU. Patients' characteristics and illness severity on admission were comparable across locations, with similar organ support provided. Ten (66.7%) patients survived to hospital discharge from PICU, compared with 27 (47.4%) and nine (56.3%) patients from AICU and RICU, respectively, with no significant difference in 30-day mortality (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.12–1.85; p = 0.276). Our analysis illustrates the feasibility of evaluating outcomes of patients who have been cared for in additional, emergency ICU beds, whilst demonstrating comparable outcomes for adults cared for in pediatric and adult units.
Reintroduction of Diazoxide after Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Patient with Transient Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Schweiger Bahareh , Sanchez-Lara Pedro A. , Markush Dor , Nawathe Pooja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur case describes the reintroduction of diazoxide despite life-threatening pulmonary hypertension in our infant due to lack of therapeutic options for congenital hyperinsulinism.
Everted Pedicled Temporalis Fascial Flap to Augment Pedicled Pericranial Flap for Lax Duraplasty in Decompressive Craniotomy: A Cost-Effective Procedure
Authors: Bhosle Rajesh , Patel Shamshuddin Sr , Raju Dimble , Ghosh Nabanita , Krishnan Prasad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Decompressive craniotomy is a commonly performed surgery to relieve raised intracranial pressure. At the end of the procedure, it is the convention to cover the exposed brain by performing a lax duraplasty which allows for both brain expansion and provides protection to the underlying parenchyma. Various commercially available dural substitutes are used for this purpose. These have the drawback of being both expensive and nonvascularized. We propose a technique of using pericranium along with everted temporalis fascia (both being locally harvested vascularized pedicle flaps) that can suffice in a vast majority of cases for covering the brain.
Investigation of sooting flames by color-ratio pyrometry with a consumer-grade DSLR camera
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Anand , Swami Umakant , Sasidharakurup Reshmi , Chowdhury Arindrajit , Kumbhakarna Neeraj 
Published: April 2021

The accurate measurement of temperature in sooty flames remains a challenging task. In this study, the procedure for calibration and use of a consumer-grade digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera for the measurement of temperature in sooty flames using color-ratio pyrometry (CRP) is elucidated. Owing to the necessity of acquiring RAW images for CRP, investigations conducted thus far have been limited to stable flames. In this work, the potential of a CANON EOS 550D DSLR camera for measuring temperature during a transient process such as a droplet combustion event at frame rates up to 50 fps is demonstrated. The spectral response curves of the camera-lens system were obtained with the help of a tunable laser source and a laser power meter, which were subsequently used to generate lookup tables for blackbody as well as soot radiation. Soot radiation was assumed to vary with wavelength (λ) as λ−α, where α is the soot dispersion exponent. The blackbody lookup table was validated against blackbody calibration data from 1023 to 1773 K. Experiments were conducted on a candle flame as well as a McKenna flat flame burner with ethylene–air mixtures of equivalence ratios 2.1 and 2.3. For estimating temperatures using CRP, soot particles were classified as nascent and mature soot with soot dispersion exponent (α) values of 4 and 1.38, respectively. The CRP results were found to yield a decent match with thermocouple measurements as well as data reported in the literature.
Rubus alceifolius (giant bramble).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

R. alceifolius is a robust, aggressive perennial scrambling shrub, spreading by long arching spiny stems, rooting at their tips, as well as by bird-dispersed seeds. It can develop dense impenetrable thickets. It is native to tropical SE Asia but has been introduced to a number of other territories, most notably the Indian Ocean island of La Réunion, where it is one of the eight most threatening plant invaders to become established on the island and occurs not only on sites disturbed by man but also in primary forest with minimal disturbance (Macdonald et al., 1991). It can behave as a liana, climbing into the canopy of forest trees and increasing the risk of wind damage. It occurs also on the islands of Mayotte, Mauritius and Madagascar (Vos, 2004; Kueffer and Lavergne, 2004a,b) and in Queensland, Australia where it is invading pastures, roadsides, creekbanks, sugarcane plantations and the edges of rainforest (Queensland Government, 2012). Holm et al. (1979) record it as a 'principal' weed in Australia, and risk assessment by the Australian method gave a score of 11 (PIER, 2012). Binggeli et al. (1998) classified it as highly invasive in the tropics. In a joint project between USDA and the Weed Science Society of America it was identified among the highest-ranked potential future invasive weeds in USA (Parker et al., 2007; WSSA, 2012).
Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Popay A. I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. oleraceus is a common seed crop contaminant and has been carried either deliberately or accidentally by humans to almost every corner of the earth, where it invades mainly open and disturbed areas. It grows in a wide variety of environments on a wide range of substrates - roadsides, cultivated land, gardens, construction sites, sand dunes, logged or burned areas, on walls, mountain slopes, and near water. Once introduced to a new area the plants spread quickly because they grow and flower quickly and produce copious wind- and bird-dispersed seeds that germinate quickly in large numbers. They invade many cropped areas, especially among vegetable and winter crops. They are almost perfect 'designer weeds'. Additionally, this species has small light seeds which are easily dispersed by wind and water.
Phalaris paradoxa (awned canary-grass).
Authors: Popay Ian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. paradoxa is a tufted annual grass which is considered a weed in many areas and can be invasive. It contains tryptamine alkaloids, which are toxic to some animals. It is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe, but has spread to locations including the USA, Australia and South America. It is a serious weed of wheat in Australia, with its success attribued to high seed production, innate dormancy and periodicity of emergence (Taylor et al., 1999).
Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Parker Chris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. trilobata has spread rapidly threatening the native flora after introduction as an ornamental species. It can spread vegetatively and is difficult to eradicate. The IUCN has listed S. trilobata in its 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species and the Florida Exotic Plant Pest Council classified it as a category II invader. This species continues to be available as an ornamental and is therefore likely to spread further.
Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

O. ficus-indica is highly valued as a fruit-producing cactus, also yielding 'leaves' that are used as a vegetable and browsed by livestock. It has been introduced widely from its native Mexico to almost all countries where the climate is suitable. The fruit is very rich in vitamin C and is exploited commercially in many areas. Many countries, especially in Asia, have recently established large-scale commercial plantations. However, O. ficus-indica, like several other species of Opuntia, have been known to spread and become invasive weeds. Historical records, however, appear to indicate a time-lag of about 100 years between introduction and the beginnings of invasive spread thus the actual risk may be low.
Sesbania sesban (sesban).
Authors: Thompson John Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. sesban is a fast-growing leguminous shrub or small tree, up to 8 m tall and 12 cm in diameter. Although its geographical origin is not known, it is widely distributed and cultivated throughout tropical Africa and Asia, and has been introduced into tropical America. It is found both in the humid tropics and in more arid and semiarid regions of the world. It is often utilized as a short rotation tree on fallow and marginal lands, or as an agroforestry tree within farming systems - in alley-cropping, as a shade tree, as a support tree for horticultural plants and for planted fallows. It is mostly grown for production of highly nutritive and digestible leaf fodder for which it is repeatedly coppiced. The leaves are also used as a green manure. Other uses include: soil conservation, erosion control, soil improvement, land reclamation, shelterbelts/windbreaks and hedges. The wood is used as fuelwood, for light construction purposes, and for the manufacture of pulp. The leaves and flowers are edible; they are also utilized, along with a gum from the seeds and bark, for traditional medicines. It can easily be grown from seed and nursery seedlings. There are no reports of breeding programmes for the species (the most widely collected of the genus) although most accessions originate from Africa. Germplasm collections are available in Ethiopia, Australia and Hawaii (USA).
ELVISort: encoding latent variables for instant sorting, an artificial intelligence-based end-to-end solution
Authors: Rokai János , Rácz Melinda , Fiáth Richárd , Ulbert István , Márton Gergely 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. The growing number of recording sites of silicon-based probes means that an increasing amount of neural cell activities can be recorded simultaneously, facilitating the investigation of underlying complex neural dynamics. In order to overcome the challenges generated by the increasing number of channels, highly automated signal processing tools are needed. Our goal was to build a spike sorting model that can perform as well as offline solutions while maintaining high efficiency, enabling high-performance online sorting. Approach. In this paper we present ELVISort, a deep learning method that combines the detection and clustering of different action potentials in an end-to-end fashion. Main results. The performance of ELVISort is comparable with other spike sorting methods that use manual or semi-manual techniques, while exceeding the methods which use an automatic approach: ELVISort has been tested on three independent datasets and yielded average F1 scores of 0.96, 0.82 and 0.81, which comparable with the results of state-of-the-art algorithms on the same data. We show that despite the good performance, ELVISort is capable to process data in real-time: the time it needs to execute the necessary computations for a sample of given length is only 1/15.71 of its actual duration (i.e. the sampling time multiplied by the number of the sampling points). Significance. ELVISort, because of its end-to-end nature, can exploit the massively parallel processing capabilities of GPUs via deep learning frameworks by processing multiple batches in parallel, with the potential to be used on other cutting-edge AI-specific hardware such as TPUs, enabling the development of integrated, portable and real-time spike sorting systems with similar performance to offline sorters.