bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of bars and stripes: A Malawi cichlid hybrid cross provides insights into genetic modularity and evolution of modifier loci underlying colour pattern diversification
Authors: Gerwin Jan , Urban Sabine , Meyer Axel , Kratochwil Claudius F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the origins of phenotypic diversity among closely related species remains an important largely unsolved question in evolutionary biology. With over 800 species, Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlid fishes are a prominent example of extremely fast evolution of diversity including variation in colouration. Previously, a single major effect gene, agrp2 (asip2b), has been linked to evolutionary losses and gains of horizontal stripe patterns in cichlids, but it remains unknown what causes more fine‐scale variation in the number and continuity of the stripes. Also, the genetic basis of the most common colour pattern in African cichlids, vertical bars, and potential interactions between the two colour patterns remain unknown. Based on a hybrid cross of the horizontally striped Lake Malawi cichlid Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos and the vertically barred species Chindongo demasoni we investigated the genetic basis of both colour patterns. The distribution of phenotypes in the F2 generation of the cross indicates that horizontal stripes and vertical bars are independently inherited patterns that are caused by two sets of genetic modules. While horizontal stripes are largely controlled by few major effect loci, vertical bars are a highly polygenic trait. Horizontal stripes show substantial variation in the F2 generation that, interestingly, resemble naturally occurring phenotypes found in other Lake Malawi cichlid species. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of this cross reveals known (agrp2) and unknown loci underlying horizontal stripe patterns. These findings provide novel insights into the incremental fine‐tuning of an adaptive trait that diversified through the evolution of additional modifier loci.
DNA methylation is not a driver of gene expression reprogramming in young honey bee workers
Authors: Cardoso‐Júnior Carlos A. M. , Yagound Boris , Ronai Isobel , Remnant Emily J. , Hartfelder Klaus , Oldroyd Benjamin P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe presence of DNA methylation marks within genic intervals, also called gene body methylation, is an evolutionarily‐conserved epigenetic hallmark of animal and plant methylomes. In social insects, gene body methylation is thought to contribute to behavioural plasticity, for example between foragers and nurse workers, by modulating gene expression. However, recent studies have suggested that the majority of DNA methylation is sequence‐specific, and therefore cannot act as a flexible mediator between environmental cues and gene expression. To address this paradox, we examined whole‐genome methylation patterns in the brains and ovaries of young honey bee workers that had been subjected to divergent social contexts: the presence or absence of the queen. Although these social contexts are known to bring about extreme changes in behavioral and reproductive traits through differential gene expression, we found no significant differences between the methylomes of workers from queenright and queenless colonies. In contrast, thousands of regions were differentially methylated between colonies, and these differences were not associated with differential gene expression in the subset of genes examined. Methylation patterns were highly similar between brain and ovary tissues and only differed in nine regions. These results strongly indicate that DNA methylation is not a driver of differential gene expression between tissues or behavioral morphs. Finally, despite the lack of difference in methylation patterns, queen presence affected the expression of all four DNA methyltransferase genes, suggesting that these enzymes have roles beyond DNA methylation. Therefore, the functional role of DNA methylation in social insect genomes remains an open question.
Risk factors for poor outcome in older patients admitted in a surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Occhiali Emilie , Prolange Pierre , Cassiau Florence , Roca Frédéric , Veber Benoit , Clavier Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of a stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) is not certain for older patients, particularly in the surgical context.AimsThe objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with an unfavourable outcome in this population.DesignProspective, descriptive, monocentric study conducted in the surgical ICU of a French university hospital.MethodsPatients aged ≥75 years admitted in the surgical ICU for a predicted length of stay ≥48 hours were included. Patients received an initial and a 6‐months nutritional and functional assessment performed by physicians and nurses. The outcome was considered as favourable if the KatzActivities of Daily Living(ADL) variation (ADL delta = 6‐months ADL – ICU admission ADL) was between 0 and −0.5 point 6 months after ICU discharge and unfavourable if the ADL delta decreased by more than 0.5 points or if the patient had died 6 months after ICU discharge.ResultsFifty‐six patients—32 (57%) male—aged 79 [77; 83] y were included. ICU mortality was 19%; 6‐month mortality was 22%. Median ADL delta was −0.5 [−0.5–0] points. A low ADL score (P = .0438) and a low albumin level (P = .0213) at admission were the two independent factors associated with an unfavourable outcome.ConclusionMortality and loss of independence were high in this elderly population during and after their surgical ICU stay. The benefit of a systematic collaboration between intensive care specialists, ICU nurses, and geriatricians, to assess and manage nutritional and functional problems and to prevent a pejorative outcome in patients over 75 years old admitted in surgical ICU needs to be studied.Relevance to clinical practiceThere should be systematic screening for objective markers of undernutrition and frailty on ICU admission of older patients as they are associated with a poor prognosis.
Effects of obesity on pulmonary function considering the transition from obstructive to restrictive pattern from childhood to young adulthood
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Sen‐Te , Kuo Han‐Pin , Delclaux Christophe , Jensen Megan E. , Wood Lisa G. , Costa Dirceu , Nowakowski Dariusz , Wronka Iwona , Oliveira Paula D. , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chen Yang‐Ching , Lee Yungling L. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAdults with obesity exhibit a restrictive pattern, whereas children with obesity exhibit an obstructive pattern. However, the transition process remains unclear. We performed a systematic search for studies reporting on body mass index and pulmonary function in children. The main outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC). We compared individuals with overweight or with obesity with individuals with normal weight. Random‐effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates. A total of 17 studies were included. Individuals with obesity had a lower FEV1/FVC ratio (mean difference [MD] = −3.61%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.58%, −2.64%) and a higher percent‐predicted FVC (MD = 3.33%; 95% CI = 0.79%, 5.88%) than those with normal weight. Obesity impaired pulmonary function in the obstructive pattern during childhood to young adulthood, and the maximum obstruction was observed at the age of 16 years in boys and 20 years in girls. The effects attenuated at approximately 30 years and then shifted to the restrictive pattern after 35 years of age in men and 40 years in women. The effects of obesity on pulmonary function change from the obstructive pattern in childhood to the restrictive pattern in adulthood.
Method’s corner: Allergist’s guide to network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chu Derek K. , Brignardello‐Petersen Romina , Guyatt Gordon H. , Ricci Cristian , Genuneit Jon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNetwork meta‐analyses (NMAs) simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple possible treatment options for a given clinical presentation. For allergists to benefit optimally from NMAs, they must understand the process and be able to interpret the results. Through a worked example published in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, we summarize how to identify credible NMAs and interpret them with a focus on recent innovations in the GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). NMAs build on traditional systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that consider only direct paired comparisons by including indirect evidence, thus allowing the simultaneous assessment of the relative effect of all pairs of competing alternatives. Our framework informs clinicians of how to identify credible NMAs and address the certainty of the evidence. Trustworthy NMAs fill a critical gap in providing key inferences using direct and indirect evidence to inform clinical decision making when faced with more than two competing courses of treatment options. This document will help allergists to identify trustworthy NMAs to enhance patient care.
Reproducibility of eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea for exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction diagnosis in asthmatic children and adolescents
Authors: Rizzo Jose Ângelo , Rodrigues Filho Edil de Albuquerque , Gonçalves Adriana Velozo , Albuquerque Laienne Carla Barbosa De Barros , Albuquerque Eduardo Martins de , Albuquerque Cláudio Gonçalves de , Almeida Anderson Henrique Souza de , Peixoto Decio Medeiros , Correia Junior Marco Aurelio de Valois 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory symptoms after exercise are frequently reported by asthmatic patients, and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a frequent cause, which requires objective testing for diagnosis. Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) is recommended as a surrogate stimulus for this purpose. Its short‐term reproducibility is not yet established in children and young adolescents with asthma.ObjectiveTo evaluate the short‐term test‐retest agreement and reproducibility of FEV1 changes after EVH in this population.MethodsAsthmatic patients aged between 10 and 20 years underwent EVH for EIB diagnosis on two occasions 2–4 days apart at a specialized university clinic. FEV1 was measured at 5, 15, and 30 min after EVH with a target ventilation rate 21 times the baseline FEV1. EIB was diagnosed as a decrease ≥10% in FEV1 from baseline.ResultsA total of 26 of 62 recruited individuals tested positive for EIB on both visits (positive group) and 17 on one visit only (divergent group), while 19 tested negative on both visits (negative group). The overall agreement was 72.5% (95%CI 61.6%, 83.6%), and Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.452. Low bias (0.87%) and high intra‐class correlation coefficient (0.854, 95%CI 0.758,0.912; p < .001) for FEV1 response between test days were found, but with wide limits of agreement (±20.72%). There were no differences in pre‐challenge FEV1 or achieved ventilation rate between visits either between groups (p = .097 and p = .461) or within groups (p = .828 and p = .780). There were no safety issues.ConclusionsMore than one EVH test should be performed in children and young adolescents with asthma to exclude EIB and minimize misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Evidence for Systemic Reactive Oxygen Species in UVB‐mediated Microvesicle Formation
Authors: McGlone Cameron L. , Christian Lea , Schmeusser Benjamin , Liu Langni , Chalfant Charles E. , Stephensen Daniel J. , Sherwin Catherine M. , Rapp Christine M. , Sattouf Zafer , Rohan Craig A. , Morris Connor , Chen Yanfang , Travers Jeffrey B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent studies have implicated subcellular microvesicle particles (MVP) in the ability of ultraviolet B radiation to exert both local and systemic effects. Indeed, UVB generates MVP (UVB‐MVP) in human skin and systemically following phototherapy. The current studies were designed to test the hypothesis that the ability of UVB to generate MVP was dependent upon reactive oxygen species (ROS). To that end, we tested urine samples from subjects undergoing UVB phototherapy for the presence of isoprostanes as well as the oxidized guanosine derivative 8OHdG. We also conducted a clinical study in which volar forearms of subjects were treated with localized UVB and erythema/MVP measured. The same cohort was then treated with 7 days of vitamin C (2 g day−1) and vitamin E (1000 IU day−1), and UVB‐induced MVPs tested on the contralateral forearm. Urine specimens from subjects undergoing phototherapy were found to have increased levels of isoprostanes and 8OHdG, with maximal levels noted 8–16 h post‐treatment. Treatment with antioxidant vitamins resulted in diminished UVB‐generated skin MVP to baseline levels. These studies suggest that whole‐body UVB generates a systemic pro‐oxidative response, and that antioxidants can attenuate localized skin UVB‐MVPs.
Assessing sustainability through the Institutional Grammar of urban water systems
Authors: Deslatte Aaron , Helmke‐Long Laura , Anderies John M. , Garcia Margaret , Hornberger George M. , Ann Koebele Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrban water supply systems in the United States are designed to be robust to a wide range of historical hydrological conditions in both their physical infrastructure and in the institutional arrangements that govern their use. However, these systems vary greatly in their capacity to respond to new and evolving stressors on water supplies, such as those associated with climate change. Developing a more precise understanding of the complexity of interactions between the environmental and human components of urban water systems, specifically via their institutions, has the potential to help identify institutional design choices that can foster proactive transitions to more sustainable operating states. This article adapts the Institutional Grammar (IG) within the Robustness of Coupled Infrastructure Systems Framework to assess how a heavily engineered system's institutional configuration may impact its ability to transition to more sustainable management practices. While use of the IG has historically been limited in larger‐N studies, our application demonstrates its flexibility in revealing variation in specific components across cases. The analysis finds the structure of formal institutions shape the interactions between actors differently, and that institutional diversity exists across environmental contexts. The extent to which this institutional diversity drives transitions remains an open question. The results highlight both the importance of and challenges involved with developing longitudinal data on social and natural system interactions.
BeSiDe time to move behavior support in dentistry from an art to a science: A position paper from the BeSiDe (Behavior Support in Dentistry) Group
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Newton Tim , Daly Blánaid , Limeres Posse Jacobo , Hosey Marie Therese , Yarascavitch Carilynne , MacAuley Yvonne , Buchanan Heather , Nunn June , Freeman Ruth , Stirling Chris , Healy Olive , Asimakopoulou Koula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo share the need for agreement in terminology around how people are supported to receive dental care.MethodIn this position paper, we make the case for a shift in behavior support in dentistry from an art to a science.ResultsWe outline why we need agreement on the definition of behavior support across dentistry, agreement on underlying theory, aims and values, and why we need agreement on terms for specific techniques.ConclusionsWe share how patients and dental teams can benefit through better science, education and practice of dental behaviour support.
Potassium content of the American food supply and implications for the management of hyperkalemia in dialysis: An analysis of the Branded Product Database
Authors: Picard Kelly , Picard Christopher , Mager Diana R. , Richard Caroline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUltraprocessed foods can be a source of potassium additives. Excess potassium consumption can lead to hyperkalemia. How frequently potassium additives are found in the food supply and how they impact potassium content is not well documented. Using the Branded Product Database, ingredient lists were searched for “potassium” to identify products containing additives. For products listing potassium content, accuracy of potassium content reporting and how potassium content differed with additive use was also assessed. A total of 239,089 products were included, 35,102 (14.7%) contained potassium additives, and 13,685 (5.7%) provided potassium content. Potassium additives were most commonly found in dairy products, supplements, and mixed foods (at 37%, 34%, and 28%, respectively). Potassium additives in mixed foods and vegetables and fruits were associated with 71% and 28% more potassium per serving, respectively (p < 0.01). Potassium content increased by 1874 mg (66%) when a 1‐day sample menu compared foods with and without additives. Potassium content of foods with and without additives is not well documented. Potassium additives are prevalent and can be associated with increased potassium content. However, more information is needed to better understand how different additives used in different foods change potassium content.
Temperature–Humidity Coupled Analysis in Battery Pack Based on Airflow Characteristics of Waterproof Breathable Valve
Authors: Li Weijian , Lan Fengchong , Chen Jiqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Waterproof breathable valves (WBV) are applied to the battery packs in electric vehicles due to their advantages of high efficiency waterproof and air pressure balance. With the continuity of mass transfer of WBV and uncertain thermal conditions, the dynamic thermal characteristic of the moisture inside the battery pack is difficult to obtain by experiments, especially the phase change of the moisture. To analyze WBV mass transfers to the temperature–humidity characteristic in the battery pack, this study presents a temperature–humidity coupling model of the battery pack based on the mass transfer characteristic of WBV. A mass transfer model of WBV is developed with the airflow mass transfer characteristic in air pressure difference. The proposed models verified the feasibility of dynamic thermal characteristic analysis with experiments. Finally, a practical case study on a battery pack is used to analyze dynamic characteristics of the temperature–humidity during idle and working. Using the coupling model and the WBV model, temperature–humidity distribution and the location and time attributes of moisture condensation in the battery pack are effectively obtained. The inner walls of the pack casing and the battery surface near WBV are condensation areas during environmental conditions changing.
Surface Roughness Impact on Boundary Layer Transition and Loss Mechanisms Over a Flat-Plate Under a Low-Pressure Turbine Pressure Gradient
Authors: Jeong Heechan , Song Seung Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of surface roughness on the profile loss of a flat-plate with a contoured wall. All of the measurements have been conducted for the suction side pressure gradient of a high-lift low pressure turbine airfoil at the fixed freestream turbulence intensity (Tu) of 3.2% under Reynolds numbers of Rec = 1. 2 · 105 (cruise) and Rec = 5.2 · 105 (take-off). The time-resolved streamwise and wall-normal velocity fields for three different surface roughness values of Ra/C · 105 = 0.065, 4.417, and 7.428 have been measured with a 2D hot-wire probe. At the take-off condition (Rec = 5.2 · 105), attached flow transition occurs, and increased surface roughness increases the loss. For all of the surfaces, momentum deficits in the laminar to early transition region (γ ≈ 0.05) are similar. For the intermediate transition (γ ≈ 0.5), increased roughness reduces the Reynolds stress and accelerates the breakdown of large-scale turbulent spots into small-scale turbulent eddies. Therefore, turbulent energy and momentum deficit are decreased for rough surfaces. For the late transition (γ &gt; 0.9), transitional boundary layers become similar to turbulent boundary layers, and increased surface roughness increases turbulent mixing, boundary layer thickness, and, hence, the momentum deficit. On the other hand, at the cruise condition (Rec = 1.2 · 105), separated flow transition occurs and increased surface roughness decreases loss. Since the portion of turbulent flow is relatively small, the overall profile loss is mainly determined by the momentum deficit generated during transition. Increased roughness decreases the maximum height and length of the separation bubble but does not affect the separation bubble onset location. The beneficial effects of increased surface roughness on the profile loss appear in the separated shear layer and reattachment. Increased surface roughness increases turbulent mixing in the separated shear layer, reducing the shear layer thickness and momentum deficit. In addition, increased surface roughness reduces the length scale and turbulence intensity of the shed vortices. Consequently, turbulent mixing and momentum deficit during the reattachment of boundary layers are decreased, resulting in a lower profile loss.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Heat Spreading on Boiling of a Dielectric Liquid for Immersion Cooling of Electronics
Authors: Ghaffari Omidreza , Tong Wei , Larimi Yaser Nabavi , al Sayed Chady , Ganjali Alireza , Morissette Jean-François , Grenier Francis , Jasmin Simon , Fréchette Luc , Sylvestre Julien 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of heat spreading on the boiling of the Novec 649™ for two-phase immersion cooling of electronics. Reference pool boiling tests were performed by attaching a 25.4 mm by 25.4 mm square copper plate to a same-sized heater, thus minimizing lateral heat spreading. Experimental measurements showed that the critical heat flux (CHF) happened at a heat flux of 17.4±0.8 W/cm2. Then, lateral heat spreading through the heat spreader was studied by attaching larger (47 mm by 47 mm) spreaders with four different thicknesses to the copper plate. With an increase in the integrated heat spreader (IHS) thickness from 1 mm to 6 mm, the CHF increased by more than 60% at the saturation condition. One plate was a 1 mm-thick IHS removed from a commercial microprocessor. In this case, the CHF happens at 8.6 W/cm2 (50% lower compared to the reference case) in the saturation condition. At CHF, the boiling can be observed on the whole surface, with columns and slugs regime at the center and the fully developed nucleate boiling regime at the edges. This nonuniform boiling was more pronounced in subcooled conditions, in which the CHF occurred at the center while there were regions at the edges that had no boiling. Finally, the performance of a microporous-coated IHS (with 3.15 mm thickness) was compared to the 6 mm thick IHS. The thermal resistance was almost equal for powers above 200 W. This indicates that lateral heat spreading is a critical parameter for the thermal design of immersion cooling along with microporous coating.
A Comparison Between Deep Learning and Support Vector Regression Techniques Applied to Solar Forecast in Spain
Authors: Lima Marcello Anderson F. B. , Fernández Ramírez Luis M. , Carvalho Paulo C. M. , Batista Josias G. , Freitas Deivid M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solar energy is one of the main renewable energy sources capable of contributing to global energy demand. However, the solar resource is intermittent, making its integration into the electrical system a difficult task. Here, we present and compare two machine learning techniques, deep learning (DL) and support vector regression (SVR), to verify their behavior for solar forecasting. Our testing from Spain showed that the mean absolute percentage error for predictions using DL and SVR is 7.9% and 8.52%, respectively. The DL achieved the best results for solar energy forecast, but it is worth mentioning that the SVR also obtained satisfactory results.