bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating structural relationships amongupper‐secondaryschool students' beliefs about knowledge, justification for knowing, andInternet‐specificjustification in the domain of science
Authors: Cheng Chia‐Hui , Bråten Ivar , Yang Fang‐Ying , Brandmo Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a sample of 455 Taiwanese upper‐secondary school students, latent variable structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships between beliefs about knowledge in science, beliefs about justification for knowing in science, and justification of knowledge claims concerning science encountered on the Internet. Results indicated that participants displayed adaptive beliefs in the tentative and evolving nature of scientific knowledge while their beliefs about justification for knowing in science seemed somewhat less adaptive. Further, their self‐reports of Internet‐specific justification of knowledge claims suggested that they did not strongly believe that science information posted on the Internet needed to be carefully evaluated. The structural equation modeling indicated that beliefs in the tentative and evolving nature of scientific knowledge had direct positive relationships with beliefs in justification by research‐based authority and justification by multiple sources in science, which, in turn, mediated the relationships between beliefs in tentative and evolving knowledge and adaptive beliefs about Internet‐specific justification of knowledge claims. Beliefs in the unambiguous, certain nature of scientific knowledge had a direct positive relationship with beliefs in justification by school‐based authority (i.e., the science teacher and the science textbook), but beliefs in justification by school‐based authority were not related to Internet‐specific justification beliefs. We highlight the unique contributions of this study to the field of epistemic belief and science education research, and its theoretical and educational implications are discussed.
Copper uses in organic production are safe to the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans?
Authors: Philippsen Daniela Frizzo , Tamagno Wagner Antonio , Vanin Ana Paula , Concato Ani Carla , Bragagnolo Lucimara , Prestes Elvis , Korf Eduardo Pavan , Kaizer Rosilene Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Bordeaux mixture, fungicides composed of copper sulfate, is commonly used in organic production. This use has been questioned owing to the impact of copper accumulation in the environment, which can affect living organisms negatively. Here, was analyzed the presence of copper levels in soils and in orange and grape juices that received Bordeaux mixture fungicide treatments. Furthermore, we evaluated copper toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes by assessing some of their biochemical and behavioral parameters after acute and chronic copper exposure. The metal exposure in vivo was performed at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 mg/L, compared with a control group that received ultrapure water. The results showed that copper was present in the sampled soils at higher levels than in the control area soil. Copper was detected in an average value of 0.25 mg/L in orange juice and 0.69 mg/L in grape juice. The acute and chronic exposure conditions showed behavioral changes and an activation of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. However, chronic exposure to low copper concentrations led to inhibition of this enzyme. Thus, the copper concentrations detected in the fruit juices acted as modulators of the cholinergic system and modified the behavioral parameters in C. elegans.
The Intersection of Ageing and Social Exclusion
Authors: Walsh Kieran , Scharf Thomas , Van Regenmortel Sofie , Wanka Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the topic of social exclusion in later life and presents a rationale for this edited volume. It will provide an overview of existing knowledge, focusing specifically on research deficits and the implications of these deficits for scientific study in the area, and for effective and implemental policy development. This chapter will outline the aim and objectives of the book in response to these deficits and will outline the book’s structure and the critical approach that is adopted for the volume, and that is rooted in state-of-the-art conceptual knowledge.
Older People in Long-Term Care Institutions: A Case of Multidimensional Social Exclusion
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Serrat Rodrigo , Bilfeldt Annette , Larragy Joe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLiving in a long-term care (LTC) institution provides older people experiencing health and social problems with a comprehensive range of support services that address their quality of life. Despite access to such services, challenges arise in relation to their participation in key activities both within and outside the institution. This chapter examines such challenges, reviewing and describing ways to prevent exclusion along various domains, specifically social relationships, civic participation and socio-cultural life. Firstly, we discuss ways in which bio-medical models of care and the quality control systems, which are dominant in LTC services, standardise care, tending to put decisions exclusively in hands of staff, taking away residents’ autonomy, and ultimately curtailing rights and citizenship status. Secondly, we examine how LTC services might prevent such exclusion and promote older people’s participation in at least four respects: (1) prompting and supporting residents’ ability to take decisions on their own care, (2) favouring the maintenance and creation of social relationships, (3) enabling residents’ participation in the activities and management of the institution, and (4) guaranteeing residents’ rights and full access to citizenship. We discuss the impact and limitations of recent initiatives put into practice in these areas of practice.
Old-Age Digital Exclusion as a Policy Challenge in Estonia and Finland
Authors: Leppiman Anu , Riivits-Arkonsuo Iivi , Pohjola Anneli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter addresses issues relating to digital exclusion as a policy challenge affecting older adults in Estonia and Finland. In both countries, the use of technology and digital services is widespread in both the public and private sectors. The requirements of rapidly and constantly evolving digital societies pose challenges for ageing policy in both Estonia and Finland. Delivery of digital services influences positively the life of older people, improves quality of life and increases independence. On the other hand, digital services pose new problems for older populations. Since digitalisation represents a process of social change, technology innovation needs to contribute to individuals’ well-being. By building digital solutions that are functional both for older people and from the viewpoint of service providers, it is essential to move from traditional service provider-oriented design to human-centred development.
Revisiting Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes
Authors: Morgan Deborah , Dahlberg Lena , Waldegrave Charles , Mikulionienė Sarmitė , Rapolienė Gražina , Lamura Giovanni , Aartsen Marja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe links between loneliness and overall morbidity and mortality are well known, and this has profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets. Most studies have been cross-sectional allowing for conclusions on correlates of loneliness, but more recently, some longitudinal studies have revealed also micro-level predictors of loneliness. Since the majority of studies focused on one country, conclusions on macro-level drivers of loneliness are scarce. This chapter examines the impact of micro- and macro-level drivers of loneliness and loneliness change in 11 European countries. The chapter draws on longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. The multivariable analysis revealed the persistence of loneliness over time, which is a challenge for service providers and policy makers. Based on this cross-national and longitudinal study we observed that micro-level drivers known from previous research (such as gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children), and changes therein had more impact on loneliness and change therein than macro-level drivers such as risk of poverty, risk of social deprivation, level of safety in the neighbourhood.
Superspace formulation of massive half-integer superspin
Authors: Koutrolikos Konstantinos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An explicit form for the Lagrangian of a massive arbitrary half-integer super-spin Y = s + 1/2 supermultiplet is obtained in 4D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superspace. This is accomplished by the introduction of a tower of pairs of auxiliary superfields of increasing rank which are required to vanish on-shell for free theories. In the massless limit almost all auxiliary super- fields decouple except one, which plays the role of compensator as required by the emergent gauge redundancy of the Lagrangian description of the massless theory. The number of off-shell degrees of freedom carried by the theory is $$ \frac{8}{3} $$

8
3

(s + 1)(4s2 + 11s + 3). For s = 1 our results are in agreement with those obtained in [1].
Towards refining the topological strings on compact Calabi-Yau 3-folds
Authors: Huang Min-xin , Katz Sheldon , Klemm Albrecht 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We make a proposal for calculating refined Gopakumar-Vafa numbers (GVN) on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds based on refined holomorphic anomaly equations. The key examples are smooth elliptic fibrations over (almost) Fano surfaces. We include a detailed review of existing mathematical methods towards defining and calculating the (unrefined) Gopakumar-Vafa invariants (GVI) and the GVNs on compact Calabi-Yau 3-folds using moduli of stable sheaves, in a language that should be accessible to physicists. In particular, we discuss the dependence of the GVNs on the complex structure moduli and on the choice of an orientation. We calculate the GVNs in many instances and compare the B-model predictions with the geometric calculations. We also derive the modular anomaly equations from the holomorphic anomaly equations by analyzing the quasi-modular properties of the propagators. We speculate about the physical relevance of the mathematical choices that can be made for the orientation.
Reduced phagocytosis, ROS production and enhanced apoptosis of leukocytes upon alcohol drinking in healthy volunteers
Authors: Haag Florian , Janicova Andrea , Xu Baolin , Powerski Maciej , Fachet Melanie , Bundkirchen Katrin , Neunaber Claudia , Marzi Ingo , Relja Borna , Sturm Ramona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol drinking is associated with a serious risk of developing health problems as well as with a large number of traumatic injuries. Although chronic alcohol misuse is known to contribute to severe inflammatory complications, the effects of an acute alcohol misuse are still unclear. Here, the impact of acute alcohol drinking on leukocyte counts and their cellular functions were studied.MethodsTwenty-two healthy volunteers (12 female, 10 male) received a predefined amount of a whiskey-cola mixed drink (40% v/v), at intervals of 20 min, over 4 h to achieve a blood alcohol concentration of 1‰. Blood samples were taken before drinkingT0, 2 h (T2), 4 h (T4), 6 h (T6), 24 h (T24) and 48 h (T48) after starting drinking alcohol. Leukocytes, monocytes and granulocyte counts and their functions regarding the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS), phagocytosis and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsTotal leukocyte counts significantly increased atT2andT4, while granulocyte and monocyte counts decreased atT4andT6vs.T0. Monocytes increased significantly atT24andT48vs.T0. While the total number of ROS-producing leukocytes and notably granulocytes significantly increased, in parallel, the intracellular ROS intensity decreased atT2andT6. The numbers of ROS-positive monocytes have shown a delayed modulation of ROS, with a significant reduction in the total number of ROS-producing cells atT48and a significantly reduced intracellular ROS-intensity atT24. Phagocyting capacity of leukocytes significantly decreased atT4andT6. In general leukocytes, and notably granulocytes demonstrated significantly increased early (T2), while monocyte exerted significantly increased late apoptosis (T24andT48).ConclusionsAlcohol drinking immediately impacts leukocyte functions, while the impact on monocytes occurs at even later time points. Thus, even in young healthy subjects, alcohol drinking induces immunological changes that are associated with diminished functions of innate immune cells that persist for days.
On the Problem of Maximal $$L^q$$-regularity for Viscous Hamilton–Jacobi Equations
Authors: Cirant Marco , Goffi Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we prove a conjecture by P.-L. Lions on maximal regularity of $$L^q$$

L
q

-type for periodic solutions to $$-\Delta u + |Du|^\gamma = f$$

-
Δ
u
+

|
D
u
|

γ

=
f

in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

, under the (sharp) assumption that $$q > d \frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma }$$

q
>
d

γ
-
1

γ

.
Covariant Homogeneous Nets of Standard Subspaces
Authors: Morinelli Vincenzo , Neeb Karl-Hermann 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRindler wedges are fundamental localization regions in AQFT. They are determined by the one-parameter group of boost symmetries fixing the wedge. The algebraic canonical construction of the free field provided by Brunetti–Guido–Longo (BGL) arises from the wedge-boost identification, the BW property and the PCT Theorem. In this paper we generalize this picture in the following way. Firstly, given a$$\mathbb Z_2$$Z2-graded Lie group we define a (twisted-)local poset of abstract wedge regions. We classify (semisimple) Lie algebras supporting abstract wedges and study special wedge configurations. This allows us to exhibit an analog of the Haag–Kastler one-particle net axioms for such general Lie groups without referring to any specific spacetime. This set of axioms supports a first quantization net obtained by generalizing the BGL construction. The construction is possible for a large family of Lie groups and provides several new models. We further comment on orthogonal wedges and extension of symmetries.
Evaluating Nationwide Application of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Treatment of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Kaçmaz Enes , Klümpen Heinz‐Josef , Bemelman Willem A. , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Engelsman Anton F. , Tanis Pieter J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimOpen resection of small bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms (SB‐NEN) is still considered standard‐of‐care, mainly because of frequently encountered multifocality and central mesenteric masses. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical approach for SB‐NEN at a national level and determine predictors for overall survival.MethodsPatients with SB‐NEN who underwent resection between 2005 and 2015 were included from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patient and tumor characteristics were compared between laparoscopic and open approach. Overall survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and compared with the Log‐rank test. Independent predictors were determined by Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsIn total, 482 patients were included, of whom 342 (71%) underwent open and 140 (29%) laparoscopic resection. The open resection group had significantly more multifocal tumors resected (24% vs. 14%), pN2 lymph nodes (18% vs. 7%) and stage IV disease (36% vs. 22%). Overall survival after open resection was significantly shorter compared to laparoscopic resection (3‐year: 81% vs. 89%, 5‐year: 71% vs. 84%, p = 0.004). In multivariable analysis, age above 60‐years (60–75, HR 3.38 (95% CI 1.84–6.23); > 75 years, HR 7.63 (95% CI 3.86–15.07)), stage IV disease (HR 1.86 (95% CI 1.18–2.94)) and a laparoscopic approach (HR 0.51 (95% CI 0.28–0.94)) were independently associated with overall survival, whereas multifocal primary tumor, grade and resection margin status were not.ConclusionLaparoscopic resection was the approach in 29% of SB‐NEN at a national level with selection of the more favorable patients. Laparoscopic resection remained independently associated with better overall survival besides age and stage, but residual confounding cannot be excluded.
Head/skull injury potential of empty 0.5-l beer glass bottles vs. 0.33-l Coke bottles
Authors: Nentwig C. , Steinhoff S. , Adamec J. , Kunz S. N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe medical and biomechanical assessment of injuries from blows to the head is a common task in forensic medicine. In the context of a criminal justice process, the injury potential of different striking weapons is important. The article at hand compares the injury potential of assaults with a 0.5-l beer bottle and a 0.33-l Coke bottle, both made of glass. The research team hit 30 used empty 0.5-l beer bottles and 20 used empty 0.33-l Coke bottles manually on an aluminum dummy skull set on a force measuring plate, using acrylic and pork rind as a scalp surrogate. There was no significant difference in fracture threshold and energy transfer between the examined beer and Coke bottles. Both glass bottles are able to cause fractures to the facial bones while cranial bone fractures are primarily not to be expected. Blows with a 0.5-l beer bottle or with a 0.33-l Coke bottle to the head can transfer up to 1.255 N and thus are able to cause severe blunt as well as sharp trauma injuries.
Risk factors for mortality in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a single center experience
Authors: Brandt Jennifer Bettina , Werther Tobias , Groth Erika , Küng Erik , Golej Johann , Berger Angelika 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Background
Despite current progress in research of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, its management remains challenging, requiring an interdisciplinary team for optimal treatment.

Objective
Aim of the present study was to evaluate potential risk factors for mortality of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Methods
A single-center chart review of all patients treated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia over a period of 16 years, at the Medical University of Vienna, was performed. A comparison of medical parameters between survivors and non-survivors, as well as to published literature was conducted.

Results
During the observational period 66 patients were diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Overall survival was 84.6%. Left-sided hernia occurred in 51 patients (78.5%) with a mortality of 7.8%. In comparison, right-sided hernia occurred less frequently (n = 12) but showed a higher mortality (33.3%, p = 0.000). Critically instable patients were provided with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, 32.3%, n = 21). Survival rate among these patients was 66.7%. Right-sided hernia, treatment with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) over 15 days and the use of ECMO over 10 days were significant risk factors for mortality.

Conclusion
The survival rate in this cohort is comparable to the current literature. Parameters such as the side of the diaphragmatic defect, duration of ECMO and inhaled nitric oxide were assessed as mortality risk factors. This analysis of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia enhances understanding of risk factors for mortality, helping to improve management and enabling further evaluation in prospective clinical trials.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring neovascularization during bone regeneration—a randomized in vivo study in rabbits
Authors: Righesso L. A. R. , Terekhov M. , Götz H. , Ackermann M. , Emrich T. , Schreiber L. M. , Müller W. E. G. , Jung J. , Rojas J. P. , Al-Nawas B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesMicro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histology, the current gold standard methods for assessing the formation of new bone and blood vessels, are invasive and/or destructive. With that in mind, a more conservative tool, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), was tested for its accuracy and reproducibility in monitoring neovascularization during bone regeneration. Additionally, the suitability of blood perfusion as a surrogate of the efficacy of osteoplastic materials was evaluated.Materials and methodsSixteen rabbits were used and equally divided into four groups, according to the time of euthanasia (2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery). The animals were submitted to two 8-mm craniotomies that were filled with blood or autogenous bone. Neovascularization was assessed in vivo through DCE-MRI, and bone regeneration, ex vivo, through μ-CT and histology.ResultsThe defects could be consistently identified, and their blood perfusion measured through DCE-MRI, there being statistically significant differences within the blood clot group between 3 and 6 weeks (p= 0.029), and between the former and autogenous bone at six weeks (p= 0.017). Nonetheless, no significant correlations between DCE-MRI findings on neovascularization and μ-CT (r=−0.101, 95% CI [−0.445; 0.268]) or histology (r= 0.305, 95% CI [−0.133; 0.644]) findings on bone regeneration were observed.ConclusionsThese results support the hypothesis that DCE-MRI can be used to monitor neovascularization but contradict the premise that it could predict bone regeneration as well.
Dialectical Methodology of the Praxis of Biology
Authors: Gremmen Bart 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZwart uses Hegel’s dialectical method to develop a dialectical methodology for assessing biology as technoscience during the Anthropocene. In this paper I will evaluate this use of Hegelian dialectics in biology. I will first elaborate the meaning of Hegel’s method of “Dialectics”. This helps me to evaluate Zwart’s dialectical scientific methodology from the perspective of Hegel’s method of “Dialectics” and to evaluate Zwart’s dialectical scientific methodology from the perspective of the praxis of biology. Finally, I will oppose Zwart’s claim that the synthetic cell is an appropriate case study to demonstrate the relevance of dialectics for understanding contemporary biological research.
Real-to-virtual domain transfer-based depth estimation for real-time 3D annotation in transnasal surgery: a study of annotation accuracy and stability
Authors: Tong Hon-Sing , Ng Yui-Lun , Liu Zhiyu , Ho Justin D. L. , Chan Po-Ling , Chan Jason Y. K. , Kwok Ka-Wai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeSurgical annotation promotes effective communication between medical personnel during surgical procedures. However, existing approaches to 2D annotations are mostly static with respect to a display. In this work, we propose a method to achieve 3D annotations that anchor rigidly and stably to target structures upon camera movement in a transnasal endoscopic surgery setting.MethodsThis is accomplished through intra-operative endoscope tracking and monocular depth estimation. A virtual endoscopic environment is utilized to train a supervised depth estimation network. An adversarial network transfers the style from the real endoscopic view to a synthetic-like view for input into the depth estimation network, wherein framewise depth can be obtained in real time.Results(1) Accuracy: Framewise depth was predicted from images captured from within a nasal airway phantom and compared with ground truth, achieving a SSIM value of 0.8310 ± 0.0655. (2) Stability: mean absolute error (MAE) between reference and predicted depth of a target point was 1.1330 ± 0.9957 mm.ConclusionBoth the accuracy and stability evaluations demonstrated the feasibility and practicality of our proposed method for achieving 3D annotations.