bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus‐based distributed control scheme for PCC voltage harmonic mitigation and enhanced power sharing in islanded microgrids
Authors: Pham Minh‐Duc , Lee Hong‐Hee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the islanded microgrid, it is necessary to distribute the harmonic powers correctly among generators and mitigate the voltage harmonics at the point of common coupling (PCC) for effective microgrid operation. These control objectives are hard to satisfy at the same time with only one virtual impedance component. To simultaneously improve the microgrid voltage quality and share the distortion powers, a consensus‐based distributed power‐sharing scheme is proposed along with PCC harmonics mitigation. In the proposed control scheme, the controllable parts of output impedance at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies are separately tuned by simple integral controllers without depending on feeder impedance parameters. Compared to conventional control schemes, the proposed method is less complicated while ensuring a high voltage quality despite sudden changes in load power. A small‐signal state‐space model of the microgrid is analysed to validate the stability of the proposed control scheme, and its effectiveness is verified by experiments with a scaled‐down microgrid system.
Automatic license plate recognition on microprocessors and custom computing platforms: A review
Authors: Akpojotor Princewill , Adetunmbi Adebayo , Alese Boniface , Oluwatope Ayodeji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAutomatic license plate recognition (ALPR) is the process of extracting and recognizing character information within a localized license plate region. Typically, ALPR involves three steps; image capture, image procession and plate recognition. The performance of an ALPR is largely dependent on the quality of the captured image, which is determined by factors such as environmental variation, camera quality and occlusion. Image procession and plate recognition step involves image processing techniques that extract and recognizes license plate and characters, respectively. ALPR systems could be realized on microprocessors (software‐based) or custom computing platforms (hardware‐based). Drawbacks such as portability, power consumption and computational speed limit software‐based ALPR for real‐time deployment. Custom platforms for ALPR consume less power and achieve high processing speed for real‐time capability. However, limited computing resources available within a custom chip make it difficult to implement State‐of‐the‐Art computationally intensive algorithms. Thus, very few literatures discussed ALPR techniques on custom computing platforms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of algorithms and architectures of ALPR on microprocessors and custom computing platforms. Design approaches, performance, gaps, suggestions and trends are discussed.
Wirksamkeit von Physiotherapie nach einem chirurgischen Eingriff bei lumbaler Spinalkanalstenose
Authors: Lau Sandra , Peters Lara , von Piekartz Harry , Ballenberger Nikolaus 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Lumbale Spinalkanalstenose (LSS) bezeichnet eine symptomatische Verengung des Spinalkanals aufgrund einer kongenitalen Erkrankung (primäre LSS) oder eines degenerativen Prozesses (sekundäre LSS). Laut Schätzungen unterziehen sich 40 % aller von LSS betroffenen Patienten innerhalb der ersten 10 Jahre einem chirurgischen Eingriff. Ziel dieses Reviews ist, die Effektivität einer Rehabilitation, einschließlich individualisierter Physiotherapie, mit der herkömmlichen Versorgung nach einer Operation der LSS zu vergleichen.Die Datenbanken CENTRAL, MEDLINE, DIMDI, PEDro und PubMed wurden systematisch nach randomisierten kontrollierten Studien durchsucht, die bis November 2018 durchgeführt wurden. Vier Studien wurden in den Review eingeschlossen. Die Gesamtqualität der Evidenz erwies sich dabei als moderat. Die Interventionen erfolgten unmittelbar während des Krankenhausaufenthalts oder innerhalb von 6–12 Wochen postoperativ und beinhalteten statt individualisierter Physiotherapie lediglich unspezifische Gruppentherapie. Die Kontrollgruppen erhielten herkömmliche Versorgung oder Empfehlungen zum postoperativen Verhalten. Die Analyse ergab keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen in Bezug auf funktionellen Status und Rückenschmerzen kurz- und langfristig. Lediglich bezüglich Beinschmerzen zeigte sich eine signifikante Differenz zugunsten der Interventionsgruppe (SMD –0,22, 95 % KI –0,43 bis –0,01).Nicht individuelle Physiotherapie zeigt demnach im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Versorgung keine kurzfristigen Effekte hinsichtlich Funktion und Schmerz, jedoch einen kleinen klinisch relevanten und signifikanten langfristigen Effekt im Hinblick auf Beinschmerzen. Die geringe Anzahl an eingeschlossenen Studien und die moderate Qualität der Evidenz unterstreichen die dringende Notwendigkeit qualitativ hochwertiger Studien, die die Wirkung einer individualisierten, patientenzentrierten und evidenzbasierten Physiotherapie untersuchen.
Establishing the Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease Animal Model in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Swamy Gangadhara , Holla Rajendra , Rao Suresh R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to establish the safe and effective dose of rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Wistar albino rat.
Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats (n = 6) aged between 9 and 11 weeks, weight 200 to 250 g, were selected for the study. Rats were divided into four groups namely, A, B, C, and D; Group A served as control received only isotonic saline, groups B, C, and D were administered with rotenone 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, with a specialized vehicle through intraperitoneal (IP) route once daily. During the procedure, they were observed for the development of the PD signs such as stooped posture, postural instability, akinesia, bradykinesia, and muscular rigidity. BW and behavioral pattern were recorded before the rotenone introduction and also after the onset of PD signs in them. They were sacrificed when the PD phenotype became debilitating and followed by neurochemical assay for dopamine and antioxidants; histological assay for TH-neuronal density and Lewy bodies were performed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of midbrain.
Results Group C and D animals were developed with the PD signs by the 9th day and also there was a significant decrease in the BW noticed in them. Additionally, histological studies revealed the decrease in neuronal density and the presence of Lewy bodies in the dopamine neurons of the SNpc. However, it was also noticed that the group D had shown more mortality rate when compared with the Group C.
Conclusion Rotenone with 2.5 mg/kg BW IP was an ideal dose to develop PD signs in Wistar albino rats model that is a highly reproducible and may offer an excellent tool to establish the new neuroprotective treatment strategies.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Laser Lithotripsy for Biliary Stones in Patients with Altered Biliary Anatomy
Authors: Indu Jacob , Kheda Vikrama Amitha , Bolbandi Deepak , Govil Sanjay , Bhat Ravisankar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the current treatment of choice in bile duct stones. Several factors such as variant anatomy of ampulla and surgical procedures like hepaticojejunostomy limit the success of ERCP in treating bile duct stones. Percutaneous transhepatic laser lithotripsy using interventional radiologic and endourologic techniques, which is uncommon, is a reasonable treatment option in such difficult cases. It is a minimally invasive, safe procedure accompanied by a high success rate, minimal morbidity, and a short hospital stay. We report our technique and experience in a series of three patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) followed by percutaneous transhepatic laser lithotripsy in an attempt to avoid open surgery when ERCP was technically difficult.
Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations: Imaging and Endovascular Management Strategies
Authors: Malik Virender , Kramadhari Harshith , Rathod Jawahar , Munde Yadav W. , Kovilapu Uday Bhanu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe peripheral high-flow vascular malformation (HFVM) comprises arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and fistula (AVF), shows varied clinical presentation (ranging from subtle skin lesion to life-threatening congestive heart failure), and frequently poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Importance of assigning a specific diagnosis to the vascular malformation cannot be overstated, as the treatment strategy is based on the type of vascular anomaly. Although the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system is the most commonly accepted system for classifying congenital vascular anomalies in clinical practice, the Cho–Do et al classification is of utmost help in guiding optimal mode of treatment in peripheral AVM. Although transarterial approach remains the most commonly employed route for peripheral AVM embolization, the role of transvenous and direct percutaneous approach is ever increasing and the final decision on the approach depends on angioarchitecture of the AVM. In this article, we review various commonly employed classification systems for congenital vascular anomalies, and describe clinical features, imaging and treatment strategies for peripheral arteriovenous malformation (PAVM).
Revascularization of Chronic Iliac Vein Occlusion Using Balloon-Assisted Transseptal Needle Puncture Technique
Authors: Long Simon , Sutphin Patrick D. , Kalva Sanjeeva P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the utility of a transseptal needle for balloon-assisted sharp recanalization of chronically occluded central venous structures.
Background Chronically occluded central veins are not an uncommon problem, which may arise due to a plethora of reasons. Traditionally, wire and catheter techniques are often used first in an attempt to reestablish flow. When these methods fail, more aggressive techniques are employed, such as sharp recanalization using the back end of wires, Teflon-coated wires, or Rosch–Uchida or Colapinto needles. However, utilization of transseptal needles, traditionally reserved for cardiac procedures, has rarely been described.
Methods Transseptal needle was utilized for balloon-assisted sharp recanalization after traditional wire and catheter techniques failed in revascularization of chronically occluded iliac veins.
Results Transseptal needle was utilized successfully in two cases in revascularization of chronically occluded central veins.
Conclusion Transseptal needle is a viable tool to add to the interventional radiologists’ armamentarium in reestablishing flow in chronically occluded central veins.
Quantifying the Impact of Comorbidities on Outcomes Following Surgery for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Gupta Anmol , Cha Thomas , Schwab Joseph , Fogel Harold , Tobert Daniel , Razi Afshin E. , Paulino Carl , Bono Christopher M. , Hershman Stuart 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown that osteoporotic patients are more likely to have medical or surgical complications postoperatively. In this study, we determine the predictive value of various comorbidities on the likelihood of postoperative complications, mortality, and 30-day readmission following cement augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2007 to 2014 identified 1979 patients who met inclusion criteria. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between various comorbidities and perioperative mortality, postoperative complications, and 30-day readmission rates.
Results A history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), coagulopathy, diminished preoperative functional status, and/or an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class > 2 were statistical predictors of postoperative complications. CVA generated the highest odds ratio among these comorbidities (OR = 5.36, p = 0.02 for minor complications; OR = 4.60 p = 0.05 for major complications). Among the 15 comorbidities considered, steroid use (OR =1.81; p = 0.03) and an ASA class > 2 (OR = 14.65; p = 0.01) were the only ones that were correlated with mortality; an ASA class > 2 had a particularly strong effect on the likelihood of mortality (OR = 14.65). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), obesity, significant weight loss, and an ASA class > 2 were correlated with 30-day readmissions. Congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes, dialysis, hypertension, or smoking was not correlated with adverse postoperative outcomes.
Conclusion Of the 15 comorbidities considered in this study, four were statistically associated with increased rates of postoperative complications, two were associated with increased mortality, and four were associated with increased rates of readmission at 30 days. The presence of CHF, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, ascites, renal failure, or smoking were not associated with the adverse outcomes studied.
Level of Evidence III.
Opioid and/or Psychotropic Use Increases Intraprocedural Sedation Drug Requirements
Authors: Sanampudi Sreeja , Jayavarapu Ravi , Brooks Trae , Raissi Driss 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives Acute pain management in opioid users can be challenging in the perioperative period. This study focuses on whether use of opioids increases sedation medication requirements in patients undergoing port placement under moderate sedation.Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed on all patients undergoing port placement between June 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019. Exclusion criteria included receiving general anesthesia, no sedation, and errors in data entry. Data collection included demographics, use of opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, tobacco, alcohol, and sedation data.Results Opioid, benzodiazepine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) use was significantly associated with higher sedation drug dose requirements. Patients using opioids required 10.5% higher doses of midazolam compared with nonusers. Benzodiazepine users required 16.3% additional dosage of midazolam than nonusers. Finally, patients on SSRIs/SNRIs medications required 11.8% higher midazolam dosing when compared with nonusers.Conclusion Anticipating higher needs of sedation medications during procedures in patients with history of psychotropic agents use can allow for more effective sedation and patient satisfaction. More patient and provider awareness is needed on this topic, as health care policy is moving toward value-based healthcare, with patient satisfaction surveys being one of its indicators.
Efficacy of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Malignant and Benign Vertebral Fractures: Single-Center Experiences
Authors: Inecikli Mehmet Fatih , Hakyemez Bahattin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPercutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a method used for vertebral stabilization and pain treatment. This study was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of PVP in treatment of malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). The study was conducted on 45 cases with a total of 106 VCFs. The mean age of the patients was 62.4 years (37–86 years). The vertebral fractures were classified according to Genant’s Classification. Pain was rated using the visual analog scale (VAS). VAS scores were recorded before and after PVP operations. A total of 58 vertebrae (54.8%) were treated via a bipedicular approach, and 48 vertebrae (45.2%) were treated via a unilateral transpedicular approach with the help of biplane imaging and under anesthesia. L1 vertebra (19.8%) fractures and Grade III fractures (46.3%) were more common. Vertebral collapse was the most common cause of malignancy (53.8%). The mean VAS score was measured to be 8.39 before the VP operations and 2.05 after the VP operations. The VAS score dropped to 2.3 through the unipedicular approach and to 1.84 through the bipedicular approach. The decrease in pain due to VP was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the unipedicular and bipedicular approaches in terms of pain relief (p> 0.05). Some patients (18.8%) had complications. PVP is a highly therapeutic method for pain relief in case of pain secondary to malignant or benign vertebral fractures.
Paradoxical Cerebral Embolism Secondary to Superior Vena Cava Occlusion and Development of a Systemic Right-to-Left Shunt
Authors: Kuang Ronny J.D. , Beale Anna L , Bloom Jason E , Clements Warren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParadoxical cerebral embolism, although rare, can be secondary to acquired causes such as superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion and development of a mediastinal right-to-left shunt. Such shunts allow undisturbed passage of thromboemboli to bypass the pulmonary circulation and enter the systemic circulation. This report presents a case of paradoxical cerebral embolism due to a right-to-left shunt originating from occlusion of the SVC. The etiology of the SVC occlusion stems from a prior central venous access line used for treatment of lymphoma. The patient underwent endovascular treatment with successful coil embolization of the mediastinal shunt.
Machine learning–accelerated computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Kochkov Dmitrii , Smith Jamie A. , Alieva Ayya , Wang Qing , Brenner Michael P. , Hoyer Stephan 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Accurate simulation of fluids is important for many science and engineering problems but is very computationally demanding. In contrast, machine-learning models can approximate physics very quickly but at the cost of accuracy. Here we show that using machine learning inside traditional fluid simulations can improve both accuracy and speed, even on examples very different from the training data. Our approach opens the door to applying machine learning to large-scale physical modeling tasks like airplane design and climate prediction.
Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch).
Authors: Hartman Glen , Murithi Harun Muthuri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Red leaf blotch affects soyabean in central and southern Africa. The disease and the causal fungus (Coniothyrium glycines) were first reported in Ethiopia in 1957. C. glycines is native to Africa, living on the native legume, Neonotonia wightii, and perhaps other native or non-native legumes. The jump of the pathogen to soyabean occurred as early as 1957 and reports of the occurrence of red leaf blotch have increased along with soyabean production in Africa. The disease is currently a serious threat to soyabean production in sub-Saharan African countries with losses of up to 70% reported. C. glycines is considered a threat to soyabean-producing countries such as Brazil and the USA. The pathogen is not known to be disseminated by seed or wind. Infection is thought to occur via rainsplash of soilborne inoculum onto the leaves of soyabean plants. Symptoms include characteristic dark red spots on the upper leaf surface and reddish-brown lesions with dark borders on the lower surface. Premature leaf drop may occur in heavy disease conditions, releasing sclerotia back into the soil. The disease is favoured by wet, humid conditions.
Concept of multistage discrete fourier transform without performing multiplications
Authors: Yu Burova A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The issues related to the development and research of digital methods and algorithms for the discrete Fourier transform, which do not require algorithmic multiplication operations, are considered. The aim of the research is to develop and formalize the concept of multistage discrete Fourier transform of complex signals only by algebraic addition of their time samples. The research used the methods of mathematical and hardware-software modeling of the operation of computing algorithms for digital signal processing on programmable logic integrated circuits. The concept of a multistep discrete Fourier transforms without performing multiplications is described. The corresponding formulas for digital signal processing are given. The results of the study showed and confirmed the possibility of this Fourier transform of complex signals only by algebraic addition of their time samples.
Optimization of the aluminum electrolysis process by mathematical modeling of process algorithms on cleaned data
Authors: Chistyakov M S , Losev A N , Shamina S V , Zolkin A L , Ryabkova G V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of construction of a digital model of aluminum electrolysis modes. Target hypotheses identified as priority ones have been worked out: recommendations for AlF3 supply, forecast of the electrolyzer overhaul. For the selected hypotheses, models have been built and studies on an expanded data set have been carried out. The results of the work showed that the models have been trained and are ready for use with the required accuracy of obtaining the results. In addition, prototypes of management systems for influencing tools have been built, control parameters have been determined. The scenarios for use of models in real production have been identified and described. The results at this stage allow starting a full-fledged production experiment, which will make it possible to determine the parameters of models introduction into production processes.
Exploring the possibility of applying different neuronal activation functions to a single-circuit ACS
Authors: Pomogaev A S , Dementev D A , Krasnenko D M , Shtylenko A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of the influence of the neuron activation function in the neuroregulator on the quality of the automated control system. The description of the approach to solving the problem of automatic control of real technical objects using a controller, which is an artificial neural network, is given. The research results were summarized in tables and displayed on graphs.
Study of the kinetics of gas evolution of a polymer composite under the influence of vacuum and VUV
Authors: Kashibadze V V , Zaitsev S V , Prochorenkov D S , Klopot E P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents data on the effect of high vacuum and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) on a polymer composite based on polyimide track membranes. Polyimide track membranes were filled with POSS structures. For comparison, we also used pure polyimide films without filler. Exposure in high vacuum and surface treatment of the developed VUV composite were carried out in the imitation chamber of near-Earth space, located in the Space Materials Science Laboratory of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov (Russia, Belgorod). The high resistance of the composite to high vacuum and VUV has been established. The total weight loss of the composite by 24 hours was 0.26 wt. % (after holding in vacuum) and 0.28 wt. % (after VUV).
Using the project method to motivate students studying physics
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Vasylyshyn Vitalii , Tsyna Valentina , Tsyna Andriy , Tytarenko Valentina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Modern graduates of physical specialties are required not only to possess a certain amount of knowledge, but also to be able to apply this knowledge to solve practical problems, as well as independently acquire the knowledge required for their professional activities. During the implementation of projects, students have the opportunity to solve practical professional problems. The use of the project method in teaching students of physical specialties, in our opinion, allows to increase the degree of interest of students in acquiring new knowledge. In the process of implementing projects, students gain skills of teamwork on the project, they develop systematic and analytical thinking. In addition, the implementation of the project allows students to acquire the skills to independently formulate a project implementation plan and search for information necessary to solve the problem.