bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esophageal Stenosis in a Patient with Breast Cancer after Chemotherapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ou Zhenfei , Ren Linlin , Yin Xiaoyan , Zhang Cuiping , Min Congcong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Esophageal stenosis after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients is rare. It is important to distinguish esophageal stenosis from esophageal metastasis caused by breast cancer.Case presentation: We present the case of a 62-year-old woman who was diagnosed with breast cancer 4 months prior, had dysphagia and was referred to our department for further treatment after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. She suffered from severe mouth ulcers, painful swallowing and large areas of skin pigmentation with overlying scaliness after every chemotherapy session. Endoscopy revealed that the lumen of the lower esophagus was obviously narrow with ulceration above the stenosis. Histological results demonstrated inflammatory fibrinous necrosis and granulation tissue, with no clear neoplastic component. Conclusion: Short-term esophageal stenosis after chemotherapy may be caused by local mucosal injury, but malignant tumors need to be excluded.
Irregular Vector Turbo Codes with Low Complexity
Authors: Sholiyi Abiodun , Farrell Timothy O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The term Block Turbo Code typically refers to the iterative decoding of a serially concatenated two-dimensional systematic block code. This paper introduces a Vector Turbo Code that is irregular but with code rates comparable to those of a Block Turbo Code (BTC) when the Bahl Cocke Jelinek Raviv (BCJR) algorithm is used. In Block Turbo Codes, the horizontal (or vertical) blocks are encoded first and the vertical (or horizontal) blocks second. The irregular Vector Turbo Code (iVTC) uses information bits that participate in varying numbers of trellis sections, which are organized into blocks that are encoded horizontally (or vertical) without vertical (or horizontal) encoding. The decoding requires only one soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder. In general, a reduction in complexity, in comparison to a Block Turbo Code was achieved for the same very low probability of bit error (10−5 ). Performance in the AWGN channel shows that iVTC is capable of achieving a significant coding gain of 1.28 dB for a 64QAM modulation scheme, at a bit error rate (BER) of 10−5over its corresponding Block Turbo Code. Simulation results also show that some of these codes perform within 0.49 dB of capacity for binary transmission over an AWGN channel.
Life Prediction of Crude Oil Pipeline to Mitigate Leakages: A Case Study of an NPDC Major Pipeline in OML30, Nigeria
Authors: Ifowodo Henry Freedom , Mgbemena Chinedum Ogonna , Izelu Christopher Okechukwu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pipeline leak or failure is a dreaded event in the oil and gas industries. Top events such as catastrophes and multiple fatalities have occurred in the past due to pipeline leak or failure especially when loss of contents was met with fire incidents. It is therefore imperative that the causes of pipeline failure are tackled to prevent or mitigate leak incidents. This is expedient to curb the menace that goes with leak incidents, such as destruction of the environment and ecosystem; loss of assets, finance, lives and property; dangers to workers and personnel, production downtime, litigation and dent to company’s reputation. This work focuses on the investigation of the actual cause of sudden pipeline failures and frequent pipeline leaks that often result to sectional pipeline replacement before the expiration of their anticipated life cycle in OML30 oil and gas field. The pipeline material selected, the standard of the minimum wall thickness of the material, the corrosive nature of the pipeline content and the observed internal corrosion rate were probed. An analysis of the rate of thinning and diminution of the internal wall of the pipeline by monitoring the interior rate of corrosion was used to forecast the remaining life of a crude oil pipeline and predict the life expectancy of a newly replaced or installed pipeline or installed pipeline.
Numerical Simulation and Active Protection of Lightning Discharge Based on Quantum Heuristic Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Wu Mingfa , Qian Yufeng , Yang Chongjing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thunder is a discharge phenomenon that often occurs in nature. Due to its physical influences such as strong current, high temperature, strong shock waves, strong electromagnetic radiation, etc., it has a huge destructive effect instantly, which may bring serious threats to people's lives and property safety. This paper aims to study the lightning discharge numerical simulation and active protection based on the quantum heuristic evolutionary algorithm, and proposes to apply the lightning discharge numerical simulation to the prevention of lightning disasters. This article gives a detailed description of the quantum algorithm, the generation and harm of lightning discharge. In addition, this article conducts related experiments on lightning discharge numerical simulation and active protection. The experimental results show that targeted active protection and effective numerical simulation are important measures to prevent lightning disasters. Active lightning protection measures can reduce lightning by 30%. Losses caused by disasters.
Cervical Cord Compression With Lower Limbs Sensory Disturbance Presentation: Three Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Cao Yafei , Wu Yihong , Yu Weiji , Liu Weidong , Sun Shufen , Gao Kun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Lower limb sensory disturbance presentation can be a false localizing cervical cord compressive myelopathy (CSM). It may lead to delayed or missed diagnosis, resulting in the wrong management plan, especially in the presence of concurrent lumbar lesions.Case presentation:Three Asian patients with lower limb sensory disturbances presentation were treated ineffectively in the lumbar. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cervical disc herniation and cervical level spinal cord compression. Anterior cervical discectomy surgery and zero-p interbody fusion were performed. After operations, imagings showed that the spinal cord compression were relieved, and the lower limbs sensory disturbances were also relieved. Three-months follow-up after operation showed good recovery.Conclusions:These three cervical cord compression cases of lower limb sensory disturbance presentation were easily misdiagnosed with lumbar spondylosis. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion operation had a good therapeutic effect. Therefore, cases that present with lower limb sensory disturbance, but in a non-radicular classical pattern, should always alert a suspicion of a possible cord compression cause at a higher level.
Whole-Genome Analysis of Coxsackievirus B3 Reflects Its Genetic Diversity in China and Worldwide
Authors: Yang Qian , Yan Dongmei , Song Yang , Zhu Shuangli , He Yun , Han Zhenzhi , Wang Dongyan , Ji Tianjiao , Zhang Yong , Xu Wenbo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has emerged as an active pathogen in myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and pancreatitis, and is a heavy burden on public health. However, CVB3 has not been systematically analyzed with regard to whole-genome diversity and recombination. Therefore, this study was undertaken to systematically examine the genetic characteristics of CVB3 based on its whole genome.
Methods
We combined CVB3 isolates from our national HFMD surveillance and global sequences retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to examine the whole genome variety and recombination forms of CVB3 in China and worldwide.
Results
Phylogenetic analysis showed that CVB3 strains isolated worldwide could be classified into groups A–E based on the sequence of the entire VP1 region. The predominant CVB3 strains in China belonged to group D, whereas group E CVB3 might be circulated globally compared to other groups. The average nucleotide substitution rate in the P1 region of CVB3 was 4.82 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year. Myocarditis was more common with group A. Groups C and D presented more cases of acute flaccid paralysis, and group D may be more likely to cause HFMD. Multiple recombination events were detected among CVB3 variants, and there were twenty-three recombinant lineages of CVB3 circulating worldwide.
Conclusions
Overall, this study provides full-length genomic sequences of CVB3 isolates with a wide geographic distribution over a long-term time scale in China, which will be helpful for understanding the evolution of this pathogen. Simultaneously, continuous surveillance of CVB3 is indispensable to determine its genetic diversity in China as well as worldwide.
Path Planning for an HEXA Parallel Mechanism using a Modified PSO Algorithm
Authors: Milica Lucian , Milica Adina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for determining the optimal trajectory of the characteristic point based on the kinematic analysis of a HEXA parallel mechanism. The optimization was performed based on a modified PSO algorithm based on Hermite polynomials (MH-PSO). The change made to the initial algorithm consists in restricting the search space of the solutions by using the Hermite polynomial expressions of the geometric parameters as time functions for defining the movements of the end-effector. The MH-PSO algorithm, from its inception, ensures a faster convergence of solutions and ease of computational effort and is the main advantage of the method presented. During the optimization process, the function followed was the length of the trajectory described by the sequence of positions of the characteristic point, belonging to the end effector element, in compliance with additional conditions imposed. The use of the Hermite functions and PSO algorithm leads to minimal effort for analysis and mathematical formulation of the optimization problem.
Towards FAIR Data for Low Carbon Energy - Current State and Call for Action
Authors: Schwanitz Valeria Jana , Wierling August , Biresselioglu Mehmet , Celino Massimo , Demir Muhittin , Balazinska Maria , Kruczek Mariusz , Paier Manfred , Suna Demet 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the continued digitization of the energy sector, the problem of sunken scholarly data investments and forgone opportunities of harvesting existing data is exacerbating. It adds to the problem that the reproduction of knowledge is incomplete, impeding the transparency of science-based evidence for the choices made in the energy transition. We comprehensively test FAIR data practices in the energy domain with the help of automated and manual tests. We document the state-of-the art and provide insights on bottlenecks from the human and machine perspectives. We propose action items for overcoming the problem with FAIR and open energy data and suggest how to prioritize activities.
The Diagnostic Value of Eosinophil Count And Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio In Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Authors: Lin Qiong , Zhou Renmin , Wujuan Hao , Ni Zhumeng , Li Xiaozhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of eosinophil (EO) count and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE). Methods: In total, 91 patients with EGE and 83 age–sex matched patients without EGE were selected as study subjects during January 2018 to December 2020. Data on blood cell count, and serum, C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin levels were obtained from the Wuxi children's hospital electronic medical record system; the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLR, and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) in the peripheral blood were recorded. Independent sample t-test, non-parametric test, or χ2 test was used according the data type to compare the difference between two groups, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value for EGE. Results: The EO counts and PLR were significantly higher in the EGE group than those in the control group, whereas differences in the white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, and the CRP level, NLR, and CAR were not significant. After treatment(Corticosteroids, 1mg/kg.d, lasting for 2 weeks）, the EO counts and PLR in the EGE group decreased gradually and the difference was significant. The diagnostic value of EO counts and PLR was determined with an area under the ROC curve as 0.756 and 0.616, sensitivity was 75.00% and 34.29%, and specificity was 74.29% and 92.31%, respectively. Conclusions EO and PLR represent potential predictive markers for diagnosing EGE.
Bacterial Endophytes As Indicators of Susceptibility To Cercospora Leaf Spot (CLS) Disease In Beta vulgaris L.
Authors: Broccanello Chiara , Ravi Samathmika , Deb Saptarathi , Bolton Melvin , Secor Gary , Richards Christopher , Maretto Laura , Lucia Maria Cristina Della , Bertoldo Giovanni , Orsini Elena , Lopez Marie Gabriele Ronquillo , Concheri Guiseppe , Campagna Giovanni , Squartini Andrea , Stevanato Piergiorgio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The fungus Cercospora beticola causes Cercospora Leaf Spot (CLS) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Despite the global importance of this disease, durable resistance to CLS has still not been obtained. Therefore, the development of tolerant hybrids is still a major goal for sugar beet breeding. Although recent studies have suggested that the leaf microbiome composition can offer useful predictors to assist plant breeders, this is an untapped resource in sugar beet breeding efforts. Methods: Using Ion GeneStudio S5 technology to sequence amplicons from seven 16S rRNA hypervariable regions, the most recurring endophytes discriminating CLS-symptomatic and symptomless sea beets (Beta vulgaris L.ssp. maritima) were identified. This allowed the design of taxon-specific primer pairs to quantify the abundance of the most representative endophytic species in large naturally occurring populations of sea beet and subsequently in sugar beet breeding genotypes under either CLS symptomless or infection stages using qPCR. Results: Among the screened bacterial genera, Methylobacterium and Mucilaginibacter were found to be significantly (p<0.05) more abundant in symptomatic sea beets with respect to symptomless. In cultivated sugar beet material under CLS infection, the comparison between resistant and susceptible genotypes confirmed that the susceptible genotypes hosted higher contents of the above-mentioned bacterial genera. Conclusions: These results suggest that the abundance of these species can be correlated with increased sensitivity to CLS disease. This evidence can further prompt novel protocols to assist plant breeding of sugar beet in the pursuit of improved pathogen resistance.
Decreased CD44v3 Expression Impairs Endometrial Stromal Cell Decidualization in Women With Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Cao Yi , Zhou mingjuan , Han Mi , Liu mengyu , Hu Yanqin , Xu Bufang , Zhang Aijun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe precise pathogenesis of poor endometrial receptivity in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) still remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effects of different CD44 isoforms in the mid-secretory phase endometrium on endometrial receptivity in women with RIF.MethodsMid-secretory phase endometrial tissue samples were obtained from two groups of women who had undergone IVF: a) 24 patients with RIF, b) 18 patients with infertility due to tubal obstruction, who had achieved a successful clinical pregnancy after the first embryo transfer in IVF (control group). Identification of differentially expressed CD44 isoforms in endometrial tissues was assessed with immunohistochemistry, qPCR and western blotting. Effects of CD44v3 overexpression and knockdown on proliferation and decidualization of Immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (T-HESCs) and primary HESCs were investigated by qPCR and Western blot. A heterologous co-culture system of embryo implantation was constructed to mimics the process of trophoblast invasion during implantation.ResultsCD44v3 was significantly higher expressed in mid-secretory phase of endometrial stromal cells than proliferation phase, but was notably lower in RIF patients. The expression of decidualization markers, prolactin (PRL) and insulin like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP1), was notably decreased following CD44v3 knockdown, whereas the expression levels of both PRL and IGFBP1 increased after CD44v3 overexpression in HESCs. Furthermore, the CD44v3-knockdown HESCs displayed a significantly deficiency in supporting trophoblast outgrowth through a co-culture system of embryo implantation; however, CD44v3 overexpression in HESCs promoted trophoblast outgrowth.ConclusionThe reduced expression of CD44v3 suppresses HESCs proliferation and decidualization, which might play a pivotal role in poor endometrial receptivity in women with RIF.
Animal Feed from Microalgae Grown on Biogas Digestate as Sustainable Alternative to Imported Soybean Meal
Authors: Elshamy Mohamed , Rösch Christine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the environmental potential to develop a circular economy solution to create benefit from agricultural waste by integrating microalgae technology into the nutrient-rich digestate (NRD) stream from anaerobic digestion plants. Different environmental benefits can be captured by algal uptake of nitrate and the scarce resource phosphorus from biogas digestate. First, unwanted excess nutrients polluting groundwater are reduced and second, the algal animal feed can substitute soybean meal (SM) imported to North-Western Europe (NWE). That allows a decentralised circular bio-economy and avoids deforestation of rainforests due to SM overseas import. Life cycle assessments were conducted based on novel data from engineers in academia and industry, acquired through pilot-scale research facilities in United Kingdom, France, and Belgium. The findings of this study highlight the environmental impacts of three different technologies with varying scales of production and offer recommendations based on sensitive analysis for more sustainable pathways. In this study, a pilot-scale bio-refinery is considered a promising solution to excess nutrients in fertilisers in the NWE and an alternative source for imported SM as an animal feed source, having a comparable environmental footprint.
Fossil-extraction bans are not enough to achieve the Paris agreement but can facilitate it
Authors: Andreoni Pietro , Reis Lara Aleluia , Drouet Laurent , Dessens Olivier , Fragkos Panagiotis , Pietzcker Robert , Pye Steve , Rodrigues Renato , Tavoni Massimo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Given concerns about the ambition and effectiveness of current climate pledges, a case has been made for the integration of demand-side policies such as carbon pricing with supply-side bans on fossil fuel extraction. However, little is known about their interplay in the context of climate stabilization. Here, we present the first multi-model assessment quantifying the effectiveness of supply-side policies and their interactions with demand-side ones. We design narratives of fossil fuel bans and explore a variety of scenarios with four process-based integrated assessment models. We find that supply side treaties reduce emissions but not enough to stabilize temperature increase to well below 2°C. When combined with demand-side policies, supply side policies reduce the required carbon price to meet the Paris goals, dampen reliance on CO2 removal and increase investment in renewable energy while increasing fossil producer revenues. The results indicate the opportunity to integrate price-based policies with fossil bans when exploring climate neutrality pathways.
Interventions for Managing Occupational Burnout Among Residential Aged Care Staff: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Low Yin Siu , Bhar Sunil S , Chen Won Sun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Staff who are employed in residential aged care settings face a unique set of challenges and stressors in their workplaces which intensify their risks of occupational stress and burnout. Staff also experience low job satisfaction, increased sick time and absenteeism and high job turnover rates as a result of occupational burnout. As the population ages, there is an increased need for residential aged care (RAC) staff in Australia. It is both urgent and necessary to explore interventions that can prevent the likelihood of occupational burnout on RAC staff. A systematic review will be conducted on the effectiveness of interventions for preventing occupational burnout in RAC staff, with a view to determine the most effective type or types of intervention for such staff.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions compared to inactive control intervention (usual care or practice) for preventing occupational burnout in RAC staff. Methods: This protocol was developed in accordance to the reporting standards of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Included studies that meet the eligibility criteria will be identified by systematic searches of electronic databases. The PRISMA flowchart will also be utilised to record the selection process. Two reviewers will extract data and assess the quality of each study independently. The Standardised Mean Differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be utilised in order to combine different burnout measures or scales. Extracted studies which are sufficiently similar will be included for meta-analyses. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) tool will also be utilised in order to assess the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials.Results: Systematic searches will begin at the end of 2021. Data extraction will commence in early to mid-2022. Data analyses and writing will start in late 2022.Conclusions: Intervention studies from systematic searches of databases will be identified and recommendations will be made regarding the effectiveness of interventions for RAC staff.
Condensed phase isomerization through tunneling gateways
Authors: Wodtke Alec , Choudhury Arnab , DeVine Jessalyn , Sinha Shreya , Lau Jascha , Kandratsenka Alexander , Schwarzer Dirk , Saalfrank Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We observe that the orientational isomerization of CO on a NaCl(100) surface proceeds by thermally-activated tunneling between 19 and 24K. The rate constants of three isotopomers follow an Arrhenius temperature dependence, exhibiting activation energies below the reaction’s predicted barrier height and anomalously small prefactors. In addition, the rates depend strongly on isotope, but non-intuitively on mass. A quantum rate theory of condensed-phase tunneling qualitatively explains these observations. Vibrationally excited states, accidentally close in energy but localized on opposite sides of the isomerization barrier, provide tunneling gateways between the isomers in a process that can be many orders-of-magnitude faster than rates predicted by commonly used semi-classical models. This suggests heavy-atom condensed-phase tunneling may be more important than currently assumed.