bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Ruminative Thinking Style Related to Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity Beyond Its Associations with Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Severity?
Authors: Heinzel Carlotta V. , Kollárik Martin , Miché Marcel , Clamor Annika , Ertle Andrea , Lieb Roselind , Wahl Karina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that a ruminative thinking style (RTS) is positively associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and might be involved in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We sought to replicate this association in a sample of individuals with OCD, controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, and to extend previous studies by including an interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. A sample of 140 individuals diagnosed with OCD participated in a cross-sectional observational study. Participants completed questionnaire measures of an RTS as well as obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptom severity. Obsessive-compulsive symptom severity was additionally assessed with an interview. When statistically controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, an RTS continued to predict the questionnaire, but not the interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. We discuss possible explanations for these mixed findings, emphasizing the unique aspects of each measure, and consider implications for further research on OCD.
Fatty acid composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Atropa belladonna and Thymus linearis seeds grown in Kashmir
Authors: Azeem Mohammad , Nengroo Zubair Rehman , Ahamad Khan M. O. , Ganie Adil Shafi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study fatty acid composition of petroleum ether (AP and TP) and biological potential (Antioxidant and antibacterial) of chloroform (AC and TC), methanol (AM and TM) extracts of Atropa belladonna L. and Thymus linearis Benth. respectively was obtained by Soxhlet extraction technique from seeds were investigated. Fatty acid profile was obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, antioxidant potential (DPPH-2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS-2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and antibacterial activity against (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli and Klebesiella pneumonia) was also performed. Linoleic acid was dominantly found with 74.42% in AP and 84.39% in TP. In antioxidant assays, the dominant inhibition was shown by AM (84.98% and 83.90%) and TM (85.27% and 83.29%) as compared to BHT (93.72% and 90.87%) for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging respectively at 200 µg/mL. Moreover, AM and TM extracts showed good antibacterial activity. In conclusion, these plants could be selected as an adequate species in agricultural system, in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Graphic abstract
Multi response optimization of PMEDM of Ti6Al4V using Al2O3 and SiC powder added de-ionized water as dielectric medium using grey relational analysis
Authors: Joshi Ayanesh Y. , Joshi Anand Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present work, surface characteristics of powder mixed electro-discharge machining (PMEDM) process are investigated using alumina and carborundum abrasive powder added dielectric fluid for titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Deionized water is utilized as dielectric to accomplish an environmentally safe machining climate, and limit the emanation of harmful substances. Pulse ON/OFF time (TON/TOFF), discharge current (IP), and powder concentration (PC) are selected as process variables to reconnoiter characteristics of performance like surface finish, rate of material removal, and tool wear. The multi-response optimization has been performed using grey relational analysis (GRA) to establish the optimal parametric combination of process variables that gives the finest surface quality and minutest tool wear. The investigation results divulge that discharge current (IP) and powder concentration (PC) have the most significant effect on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface finish. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscope for the optimal parameters combination. The minutest value of surface roughness and tool wear rate is achieved at IP: 06 amps, TON: 05 µS, TOFF: 96 µS, and PC: 0.50 g/L. The optimized set of parameters would help process engineers to attain improved machining performance of PMEDM, economically along with desired surface characteristics.
Promoting career growth potential: political skill, the acquisition of social resources and ingratiation
Authors: Sibunruang Hataya , Kawai Norifumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInformed by social resources theory, we provide an explanation for how political skill enables employees' access to social resources, notably expressive network resources and developmental feedback granted by supervisors, thereby enhancing their potential for career growth. Employees can further leverage the attained resources to maximize their chances for career growth by exercising ingratiation toward their supervisors. Data from 399 independently matched subordinate-supervisor dyads in Japan partially support our predictions. While supervisor-focused expressive network resources and supervisor developmental feedback account for mediating mechanisms through which political skill could predict career growth potential, the use of ingratiation to further leverage these social resources is rather deemed insignificant. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Morphology of Pleistocene elephant tracks on South Africa's Cape south coast and probable elephant trunk-drag impressions
Authors: Helm Charles W. , Lockley Martin G. , Moolman Lizette , Cawthra Hayley C. , De Vynck Jan C. , Dixon Mark G. , Stear Willo , Thesen Guy H.H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAeolianites and cemented foreshore deposits on South Africa's Cape south coast have the capacity to record and preserve events that transpired on them when they were composed of unconsolidated sand. Thirty-five Pleistocene elephant tracksites have been identified along this coastline. This abundance of sites along what was the margin of the vast Palaeo-Agulhas Plain allows for an appreciation of the forms that elephant tracks and traces can take in the context of the global proboscidean track record. They point to a significant regional elephant presence from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 (~400 ka) through MIS 5 (~130–80 ka) to MIS 3 (~35 ka) and also indicate repeated use of certain dune areas. They buttress Holocene and historical evidence that elephants made use of open areas in the region, and that the remaining “Knysna elephants” retreated into dense afrotemperate forest for protection in recent centuries. Analogies can be drawn between Pleistocene elephant tracks and Mesozoic dinosaur tracks, and some of the Cape south coast elephant tracks are among the largest Cenozoic (and hence, Quaternary) tracks ever to be described. A newly identified tracksite in this area may provide the first reported evidence of elephant trunk-drag impressions.
The global seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in bovines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shariatzadeh Seyyed Ali , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Sharif Mehdi , Gholami Shirzad , Pagheh Abdol Sattar , Montazeri Fattaneh , Nayeri Tooran , Nakhaei Maryam , Mikaeili Galeh Tahereh , Daryani Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBovines, especially cattle, are considered as one of the main sources ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection for humans. A more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence ofT. gondiiis needed to provide a global perspective on the prevalence ofT. gondiiin bovines. Here, we present the results of the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the globalT. gondiiseroprevalence in bovines. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were comprehensively searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 1967 and 30 May 2019. Among 7691 publications searched, 178 studies (from 50 countries) with 193 datasets were included in the meta-analysis. The global pooled and weighted seroprevalence ofT. gondiiamong bovines was 17.91% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.32–20.6]. Weighted prevalence based on the host was as follows: cattle 16.94% (95% CI: 14.25–19.81), buffalo 22.26% (95% CI: 16.8–29), yak 23% (95% CI: 14–33) and bison 8.1% (95% CI: 3.9–13.7). Continued monitoring on the status ofT. gondiiseroprevalence in bovines is essential. Study on the prevalence ofT. gondiiin the products of bovines such as milk, meat, etc., which are considered as the source of transmission of infection to humans, is recommended.
Next to Nothing: The Impact of the Norwegian Introduction Programme on Female Immigrants’ Labour Market Inclusion
Authors: UGRENINOV ELISABETH , TURNER LENA MAGNUSSON 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2003, Norway implemented an ‘Introduction Programme’ that aimed to increase labour market inclusion among newly arrived immigrants. Its main objectives were to facilitate free courses in Norwegian language training and social studies, and education or on-the-job training. The participants were given an allowance to attend the programme. This paper uses administrative register data to evaluate the effect of the Norwegian introduction programme on female immigrants’ employment and earnings prospects. The sample consists of female immigrants from Asia or Africa who immigrated to Norway 18 months before or after the implementation of the introduction programme. The study measures their probability of being employed and their mean earnings 4–6 and 7–9 years after immigration. The results show that the Norwegian introduction programme had a small but significant effect on women’s employment, but not on their earnings. This article suggests that the small effect of the programme on employment and non-effect on earnings may imply a displacement effect rather than an improvement in language skills and labour market skills.
‘Rising demand and decreasing resources’: Theorising the ‘cost of austerity’ as a barrier to social worker discretion
Authors: MURPHY CIARÁN 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Munro Review of Child Protection asserted that the English child protection system had become overly ‘defensive’, ‘bureaucratised’ and ‘standardised’, meaning that social workers were not employing their discretion in the interests of the individual child. This paper reports on the results of an ethnographic case study of one of England’s statutory child protection teams. The research sought to explore the extent of social worker discretion relative to Munro’s call for ‘radical reform’ and a move towards a more ‘child-centred’ system. Employing an iterative mixed methods design – encompassing documentary analysis, observation, focus group, questionnaire, interview and ‘Critical Realist Grounded Theory’ – the study positioned the UK Government’s prolonged policy of ‘austerity’ as a barrier to social worker discretion. This was because the policy was seen to be contributing to an increased demand for child protection services; and a related sense amongst practitioners that they were afforded insufficient time with the child to garner the requisite knowledge, necessary for discretionary behaviour. Ultimately, despite evidence of progress relative to assertions that social worker discretion had been eroded, the paper concludes that there may still be ‘more to do’ if we are to achieve the ‘child-centred’ and ‘effective’ system that Munro advocated.
A physics perspective on lidar data assimilation for mobile robots
Authors: Berquin Yann , Zell Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new algorithm for lidar data assimilation relying on a new forward model. Current mapping algorithms suffer from multiple shortcomings, which can be related to the lack of clear forward model. In order to address these issues, we provide a mathematical framework where we show how the use of coarse model parameters results in a new data assimilation problem. Understanding this new problem proves essential to derive sound inference algorithms. We introduce a model parameter specifically tailored for lidar data assimilation, which closely relates to the local mean free path. Using this new model parameter, we derive its associated forward model and we provide the resulting mapping algorithm. We further discuss how our proposed algorithm relates to usual occupancy grid mapping. Finally, we present an example with real lidar measurements.
An Institutional Dilemma in China's Skills-development System: Evidence from Two Apprenticeship Reforms
Authors: Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Chinese government has placed workforce upskilling at the core of its reform agenda to sustain the Chinese “economic miracle.” As such, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) and Ministry of Education (MOE) have each launched separate apprenticeship reforms geared towards enhancing China's oft-criticized vocational education and training system. Using a self-constructed theoretical framework, this article examines the two reforms and ascribes their divergent outcomes to the two ministries’ distinct approaches to institutionalizing their central initiatives (i.e. the top-down model followed by the MOHRSS versus the collaborative model of the MOE). However, given the absence of industry-level civil society governance in China, neither of these models has delivered ideal training outcomes, although the collaborative model has satisfied more employers and apprentices. China's skills-development reforms have thus become trapped in an institutional dilemma which is likely to impede the long-term economic restructuring efforts of the central state.
An editable learner model for text recommendation for language learning
Authors: Lee John S. Y. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Extracurricular reading is important for learning foreign languages. Text recommendation systems typically classify users and documents into levels, and then match users with documents at the same level. Although this approach can be effective, it has two significant shortcomings. First, the levels assume a standard order of language acquisition and cannot be personalized to the users’ learning patterns. Second, recommendation decisions are not transparent because the leveling algorithms can be difficult for users to interpret. We propose a novel method for text recommendation that addresses these two issues. To enhance personalization, an open, editable learner model estimates user knowledge of each word in the foreign language. The documents are ranked by new-word density (NWD) – that is, the percentage of words that are new to the user in the document. The system then recommends documents according to a user-specified target NWD. This design offers complete transparency as users can scrutinize recommendations by reviewing the NWD estimation of the learner model. This article describes an implementation of this method in a mobile app for learners of Chinese as a foreign language. Evaluation results show that users were able to manipulate the learner model and NWD parameters to adjust the difficulty of the recommended documents. In a survey, users reported satisfaction with both the concept and implementation of this text recommendation method.
Patients with amnestic MCI Fail to Adapt Executive Control When Repeatedly Tested with Semantic Verbal Fluency Tasks
Authors: Tröger Johannes , Lindsay Hali , Mina Mario , Linz Nicklas , Klöppel Stefan , Kray Jutta , Peter Jessica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) tasks require individuals to name items from a specified category within a fixed time. An impaired SVF performance is well documented in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). The two leading theoretical views suggest either loss of semantic knowledge or impaired executive control to be responsible.Method:We assessed SVF 3 times on 2 consecutive days in 29 healthy controls (HC) and 29 patients with aMCI with the aim to answer the question which of the two views holds true.Results:When doing the task for the first time, patients with aMCI produced fewer and more common words with a shorter mean response latency. When tested repeatedly, only healthy volunteers increased performance. Likewise, only the performance of HC indicated two distinct retrieval processes: a prompt retrieval of readily available items at the beginning of the task and an active search through semantic space towards the end. With repeated assessment, the pool of readily available items became larger in HC, but not patients with aMCI.Conclusion:The production of fewer and more common words in aMCI points to a smaller search set and supports the loss of semantic knowledge view. The failure to improve performance as well as the lack of distinct retrieval processes point to an additional impairment in executive control. Our data did not clearly favour one theoretical view over the other, but rather indicates that the impairment of patients with aMCI in SVF is due to a combination of both.
The oceanographic contribution of James Croll
Authors: DAWSON Alastair 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe research of James Croll on the nature of Ice Ages led him into a detailed investigation of ocean currents. By the early 1870s he had calculated from first principles the quantities of heat delivered by ocean currents to high latitude areas and he understood how this heat supply may have altered drastically during ice ages. The publication of his many papers on ocean currents as well as his book, Climate and Time, coincided with Challenger expedition that, in 1872, embarked on a 4-year voyage of scientific exploration of the world's oceans. The expedition was crucially important for Croll since it enabled him to test his theories of ocean circulation using real data. His novel theories of ocean circulation based on this information conflicted with the established views popularly advocated by William Carpenter but they ultimately prevailed. In the many writings of Croll on ocean currents, we encounter, as with other areas of his research, numerous remarkable ideas many decades ahead their time.
A Biogeochemical Imprint of the Panama Basin in the North Andean Arc
Authors: Errázuriz‐Henao Carlos , Gómez‐Tuena Arturo , Parolari Mattia , Weber Marion 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOceans and continents mingle at convergent margins. However, the effects of this interaction in the construction and evolution of the continental crust remain poorly understood. Here we use geochemical data from the Panama Basin and the Northern Volcanic Province of Colombia to reveal that the oceanological and biogeochemical processes of a subducted ocean basin are imprinted in the compositions of continental arc volcanoes. The Panama Basin is a biologically highly productive area of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific in which the strongly biogenic sedimentation is reclassified and preserved differently depending on tectonically controlled depositional environments. Due to a shallow lysocline, sediments deposited on newly formed spreading centers are carbonate‐rich, whereas those accumulated on older subsiding seafloor become gradually richer in terrigenous components, organic carbon and authigenic U. Volcanoes of the North Volcanic Province of Colombia erupt high‐Mg# andesites that are common in some arcs, but display unusually high U contents and a symmetrical or “parabolic‐shaped” along‐arc trace element and isotopic variations that appear unrelated to differentiation or the pre‐existent crustal architecture. Instead, the parabolic‐shaped elemental trends mirror the reconstructed compositional variations of sediments deposited across axis on the currently subducted Sandra and Buenaventura ocean ridges. We interpret that subduction of these ocean ridges delivered a compositionally variable sediment influx that influenced the compositions of arc magmas. These findings demonstrate a strong connectivity between oceans and continents, and further imply that arc volcanoes can be reliable records of the oceanological and biogeochemical conditions of long subducted ocean basins.
Distinct roles for dopamine clearance mechanisms in regulating behavioral flexibility
Authors: Korn Clio , Akam Thomas , Jensen Kristian H. R. , Vagnoni Cristiana , Huber Anna , Tunbridge Elizabeth M. , Walton Mark E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDopamine plays a crucial role in adaptive behavior, and dysfunctional dopamine is implicated in multiple psychiatric conditions characterized by inflexible or inconsistent choices. However, the precise relationship between dopamine and flexible decision making remains unclear. One reason is that, while many studies have focused on the activity of dopamine neurons, efficient dopamine signaling also relies on clearance mechanisms, notably the dopamine transporter (DAT), which predominates in striatum, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which predominates in cortex. The exact locus, extent, and timescale of the effects of DAT and COMT are uncertain. Moreover, there is limited data on how acute disruption of either mechanism affects flexible decision making strategies mediated by cortico-striatal networks. To address these issues, we combined pharmacological modulation of DAT and COMT with electrochemistry and behavior in mice. DAT blockade, but not COMT inhibition, regulated sub-second dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core, but surprisingly neither clearance mechanism affected evoked release in prelimbic cortex. This was not due to a lack of sensitivity, as both amphetamine and atomoxetine changed the kinetics of sub-second release. In a multi-step decision making task where mice had to respond to reversals in either reward probabilities or the choice sequence to reach the goal, DAT blockade selectively impaired, and COMT inhibition improved, performance after reward reversals, but neither manipulation affected the adaptation of choices after action-state transition reversals. Together, our data suggest that DAT and COMT shape specific aspects of behavioral flexibility by regulating different aspects of the kinetics of striatal and cortical dopamine, respectively.
First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition
Authors: Gusachenko Olesya N , Woodford Luke , Balbirnie-Cumming Katharin , Evans David J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most important globally distributed pathogen of honey bees and, when vectored by the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, is associated with high levels of colony losses. Divergent DWV types may differ in their pathogenicity and are reported to exhibit superinfection exclusion upon sequential infections, an inevitability in a Varroa-infested colony. We used a reverse genetic approach to investigate competition and interactions between genetically distinct or related virus strains, analysing viral load over time, tissue distribution with reporter gene-expressing viruses and recombination between virus variants. Transient competition occurred irrespective of the order of virus acquisition, indicating no directionality or dominance. Over longer periods, the ability to compete with a pre-existing infection correlated with the genetic divergence of the inoculae. Genetic recombination was observed throughout the DWV genome with recombinants accounting for ~2% of the population as determined by deep sequencing. We propose that superinfection exclusion, if it occurs at all, is a consequence of a cross-reactive RNAi response to the viruses involved, explaining the lack of dominance of one virus type over another. A better understanding of the consequences of dual- and superinfection will inform development of cross-protective honey bee vaccines and landscape-scale DWV transmission and evolution.