bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent cannabis use and nightly sleep duration in adults: a population analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018
Authors: Diep Calvin , Tian Chenchen , Vachhani Kathak , Won Christine , Wijeysundera Duminda N , Clarke Hance , Singh Mandeep , Ladha Karim S 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWhile popularly consumed for its perceived benefits as a sleeping aid, the impact of cannabis on sleep-wake regulation in clinical studies is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cannabis use and nightly sleep duration in a nationally representative dataset.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of adults was undertaken using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018. Respondents were dichotomized as recent users or non-users if they had used or not used cannabis in the past 30 days, respectively. The primary outcome was nightly sleep duration, categorized as short (<6 hours), optimal (6–9 hours), and long (>9 hours). Multinomial logistic regression was used to adjust for sociodemographic and health-related covariates, and survey sample weights were used in modeling.ResultsFrom a sample representing approximately 146 million adults in the USA, 14.5% reported recent cannabis use. In an adjusted analysis, recent users were more likely than non-users to report both short sleep (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.59, p<0.001) and long sleep (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.96, p<0.001). Heavy users (≥20 of the past 30 days) were even more likely to be at the extremes of nightly sleep duration.DiscussionRecent cannabis use was associated with the extremes of nightly sleep duration in a nationally representative sample of adults, with suggestions of a dose–response relationship. Our findings highlight the need to further characterize the sleep health of regular cannabis users in the population.
Identification of the cosmogenic $$^{11}$$C background in large volumes of liquid scintillators with Borexino
Authors: Agostini M. , Altenmüller K. , Appel S. , Atroshchenko V. , Bagdasarian Z. , Basilico D. , Bellini G. , Benziger J. , Biondi R. , Bravo D. , Caccianiga B. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Cavalcante P. , Chepurnov A. , D’Angelo D. , Davini S. , Derbin A. , Di ZGiacintio A. , Di Marcello V. , Ding X. F. , Di Ludovico A. , Di Noto L. , Drachnev I. , Formozov A. , Franco D. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giammarchi M. , Goretti A. , Göttel A. S. , Gromov M. , Guffanti D. , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A. , Jeschke D. , Kobychev V. , Korga G. , Kumaran S. , Laubenstein M. , Litvinovich E. , Lombardi P. , Lomskaya I. , Ludhova L. , Lukyanchenko G. , Lukyanchenko L. , Machulin I. , Martyn J. , Meroni E. , Meyer M. , Miramonti L. , Misiaszek M. , Muratova V. , Neumair B. , Nieslony M. , Nugmanov R. , Oberauer L. , Orekhov V. , Ortica F. , Pallavicini M. , Papp L. , Pelicci L. , Penek Ö. , Pietrofaccia L. , Pilipenko N. , Pocar A. , Porcelli A. , Raikov G. , Ranalli M. T. , Ranucci G. , Razeto A. , Re A. , Redchuk M. , Romani A. , Rossi N. , Schönert S. , Semenov D. , Settanta G. , Skorokhvatov M. , Singhal A. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Thurn J. , Unzhakov E. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , von Feilitzsch F. , Wojcik M. , Wurm M. , Zavatarelli S. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $$^{11}$$

11

C decays outnumber solar pep and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. In order to extract the flux of these two neutrino species, a highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $$^{11}$$

11

C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012–2016) and III (2016–2020) data sets, with a $$^{11}$$

11

C tagging efficiency of $$\sim 90$$

∼
90

% and $$\sim $$
∼
63–66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $$^{11}$$

11

C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $$^{11}$$

11

C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $$\sim 90\%$$

∼
90
%

but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $$\sim $$
∼
66–68 %.
Reheating after inflation by supersymmetry breaking
Authors: Aldabergenov Yermek , Antoniadis Ignatios , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Isono Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study reheating after the end of inflation in models where the inflaton is the superpartner of goldstino and is charged under a gauged U(1) R-symmetry. We consider two classes of models – one is small field characterized by an almost flat Kähler space, and the other large field characterized by a hyperbolic Kähler space SU(1, 1)/U(1), while in both cases the inflaton superpotential is linear due to the R-symmetry. The inflationary observables of our models fit within 2$$\sigma $$
σ
CMB values. Upon coupling the inflaton sector to the (supersymmetric) Standard Model, we compute the MSSM parameters, mass spectrum, and decay modes of the inflaton, with the resulting reheating temperature around $$10^8$$

10
8

GeV. We also find that both models can accommodate superheavy LSP dark matter, depending on the parameter choice.
$$a_{1}$$ meson-nucleon coupling constant at finite temperature from the soft-wall AdS/QCD model
Authors: Mamedov Shahin , Taghiyeva Shahnaz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the temperature dependence of the $$a_1$$

a
1

meson-nucleon coupling constant in the framework of the soft-wall AdS/QCD model with thermal dilaton field. Profile functions for the axial-vector and fermion fields in the AdS-Schwarzschild metric are presented. It is constructed an interaction Lagrangian for the fermion-axial-vector-thermal dilaton fields system in the bulk of space-time. From this Lagrangian integral representation for the $$g_{a_1NN}$$

g

a
1

N
N

coupling constant is derived. The temperature dependence of this coupling constant is numerically analyzed.
Graph Connectivity in Log Steps Using Label Propagation
Authors: Burkhardt Paul 
Published: December 2021

The fastest deterministic algorithms for connected components take logarithmic time and perform superlinear work on a Parallel Random Access Machine (PRAM). These algorithms maintain a spanning forest by merging and compressing trees, which requires pointer-chasing operations that increase memory access latency and are limited to shared-memory systems. Many of these PRAM algorithms are also very complicated to implement. Another popular method is “leader-contraction” where the challenge is to select a constant fraction of leaders that are adjacent to a constant fraction of non-leaders with high probability, but this can require adding more edges than were in the original graph. Instead we investigate label propagation because it is deterministic, easy to implement, and does not rely on pointer-chasing. Label propagation exchanges representative labels within a component using simple graph traversal, but it is inherently difficult to complete in a sublinear number of steps. We are able to overcome the problems with label propagation for graph connectivity. We introduce a surprisingly simple framework for deterministic, undirected graph connectivity using label propagation that is easily adaptable to many computational models. It achieves logarithmic convergence independently of the number of processors and without increasing the edge count. We employ a novel method of propagating directed edges in alternating direction while performing minimum reduction on vertex labels. We present new algorithms in PRAM, Stream, and MapReduce. Given a simple, undirected graph [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] vertices, [Formula: see text] edges, our approach takes O(m) work each step, but we can only prove logarithmic convergence on a path graph. It was conjectured by Liu and Tarjan (2019) to take [Formula: see text] steps or possibly [Formula: see text] steps. Our experiments on a range of difficult graphs also suggest logarithmic convergence. We leave the proof of convergence as an open problem.
Discrete phase space and continuous time relativistic quantum mechanics II: Peano circles, hyper-tori phase cells, and fiber bundles
Authors: Das Anadijiban , Chatterjee Rupak 
Published: December 2021

The discrete phase space and continuous time representation of relativistic quantum mechanics are further investigated here as a continuation of paper I.1 The main mathematical construct used here will be that of an area filling Peano curve. We show that the limit of a sequence of a class of Peano curves is a Peano circle denoted as [Formula: see text], a circle of radius [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. We interpret this two-dimensional (2D) Peano circle in our framework as a phase cell inside our 2D discrete phase plane. We postulate that a first quantized Planck oscillator, being very light, and small beyond current experimental detection, occupies this phase cell [Formula: see text]. The time evolution of this Peano circle sweeps out a 2D vertical cylinder analogous to the worldsheet of string theory. Extending this to 3D space, we introduce a [Formula: see text]-dimensional phase space hyper-tori [Formula: see text] as the appropriate phase cell in the physical dimensional discrete phase space. A geometric interpretation of this structure in state space is given in terms of product fiber bundles. We also study free scalar Bosons in the background [Formula: see text]-dimensional discrete phase space and continuous time state space using the relativistic partial difference-differential Klein–Gordon equation. The second quantized field quanta of this system can cohabit with the tiny Planck oscillators inside the [Formula: see text] phase cells for eternity. Finally, a generalized free second quantized Klein–Gordon equation in a higher [Formula: see text]-dimensional discrete state space is explored. The resulting discrete phase space dimension is compared to the significant spatial dimensions of some of the popular models of string theory.
Comparison of Marginal and Internal Adaptation in Endocrowns Milled from Translucent Zirconia and Zirconium Lithium Silicate
Authors: Amini Amirhesam , Zeighami Somayeh , Ghodsi Safoura 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to compare marginal and internal adaptation in endocrowns made from translucent zirconia and zirconium lithium silicate using CAD-CAM technology. Materials and Methods. Twenty-eight freshly extracted upper molars were mounted in acrylic resin and underwent root canal therapy and endocrown preparation up to 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction. Endocrowns were CAD-CAM milled from zirconium lithium silicate (ZLS) and translucent zirconia (Zr). Internal and marginal adaptation was assessed by the replica technique before cementation. Marginal adaptation was evaluated by a stereomicroscope (×32) before and after cementation and also after thermomechanical aging. Results. The ZLS group showed significantly higher internal adaptation compared to the Zr group (

P

= 0.028), while the marginal adaptation differences, at different times with different methods, were not statistically significant (

P

> 0.05). Axiomarginal angle had the highest and axiopulpal angle showed the lowest adaptation in both groups. The cementation process and thermomechanical aging increased the marginal gap in both groups significantly (

P

< 0.001). The marginal gap assessed by the replica technique before cementation was 7.11 µm higher than direct view under a stereomicroscope with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.797. Conclusion. Zirconia seems to be an acceptable material for endocrown with comparable internal and marginal adaptation to ZLS. Cementation and thermomechanical aging had significantly negative effects on marginal gap. The marginal gap assessed by the replica technique was higher than direct view under the stereomicroscope technique.
Atezolizumab Treatment of Tumors with High Tumor Mutational Burden from MyPathway, a Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase IIa Multiple Basket Study
Authors: Friedman Claire F. , Hainsworth John D. , Kurzrock Razelle , Spigel David R. , Burris Howard A. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Wang Yong , Levy Jonathan , Grindheim Jessica , Shames David S. , Schulze Katja , Patel Arisha , Swanton Charles 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) correlates with improved immunotherapy response. We assessed atezolizumab 1,200 mg every 3 weeks for TMB-H tumors from MyPathway (NCT02091141), a phase IIa multibasket study. One hundred twenty-one patients had advanced solid tumors with TMB ≥10 mut/Mb by any Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)–certified assay. The preplanned primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in patients with TMB ≥16 mut/Mb tumors by FoundationOne TMB testing [F1(CDx)]. Patients with F1(CDx) TMB ≥10 and &lt;16 mut/Mb were also evaluated. Ninety patients with 19 tumor types and F1(CDx) TMB ≥10 mut/Mb were efficacy evaluable. In 42 patients with F1(CDx) TMB ≥16 mut/Mb, confirmed ORR was 38.1% [16/42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 23.6–54.4], and disease control rate was 61.9% (26/42; 95% CI, 45.6–76.4) versus 2.1% (1/48; 95% CI, 0.1–11.1) and 22.9% (11/48; 95% CI, 12.0–37.3) for 48 patients with TMB ≥10 and &lt;16 mut/Mb. Responses were observed in nine different tumor types (47%; 9/19).

Significance:
Atezolizumab monotherapy had promising, durable clinical activity across a variety of advanced solid tumor types in patients with TMB ≥16 mut/Mb tumors lacking other suitable treatment options and who were immunotherapy-naïve at enrollment, regardless of microsatellite instability status. Limited activity was observed in tumors with TMB ≥10 and &lt;16 mut/Mb.
See related commentary by Maron and Klempner, p. 602.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587
Famine and Trajectories of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Blood Pressure in Two Generations: Results From the CHNS From 1993–2015
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Qingling , An Ran , Sesso Howard D. , Zhong Victor W. , Chan Kei Hang Katie , Madsen Tracy E. , Papandonatos George D. , Zheng Tongzhang , Wu Wen-Chih , Song Yan , Yu Xueqing , Liu Simin 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Early-life exposures play key roles in the development of metabolic diseases. Whether such effects exist beyond one generation remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the transgenerational association of early-life exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959 to 1962 with the trajectories of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP) in 2 consecutive generations.

Methods:
We included 21 106 F1 observations born between 1954 and 1967 (median age: 45 years) and 1926 F2 observations (median age: 23 years) from the longitudinal household-based China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1993 to 2015. Trajectories of BMI, WC, systolic BP, and diastolic BP were fitted and compared between groups using linear mixed effect models.

Results:

Early-life exposure to famine was associated with increased BMI, WC, and BP in 2 consecutive generations with sex and age disparities. In F1, famine was associated with increased BMI, WC, systolic BP, and diastolic BP, especially in men or those aged older than 50 years (
P
ranged from <0.001 to 0.02). In F2 men but not women, the parental exposure to famine was associated with 0.59 kg/m
2
([95% CI, 0.10–1.08],
P
=0.02) increase in BMI. In F2 aged ≥25 years but not those younger ones, the parental exposure to famine was associated with increased BMI (0.83 kg/m
2
[0.14–1.51],
P
=0.03), systolic BP (2.04 mm Hg [0.20–3.88],
P
=0.03), and diastolic BP (1.73 mm Hg [0.28–3.18],
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:
The effects of an adverse developmental environment through famine in early life on BMI and BP later in life may persist beyond one generation.
Abuse in Childhood and Cardiometabolic Health in Early Adulthood: Evidence From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Goncalves Soares Ana , Zimmerman Annie , Zammit Stan , Karl Anke , Halligan Sarah L. , Fraser Abigail 
Published: December 2021

Background
Although childhood abuse has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease in later adulthood, its associations with cardiometabolic health in younger adults are poorly understood. We assessed associations between childhood physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and cardiometabolic outcomes at 18 and 25 years.

Methods and Results

We used data on 3223 participants of the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children). Exposure to childhood abuse was self‐reported retrospectively at 22 years. We used linear regression to assess the associations between childhood abuse and cardiometabolic outcomes at 18 and 25 years. At 18 years, physical (β 1.35 kg/m
2
; 95% CI, 0.66–2.05), sexual (β 0.57 kg/m
2
; 95% CI 0.04–1.11), and psychological (β 0.47 kg/m
2
; 95% CI 0.01–0.92) abuse were associated with higher body mass index. Physical abuse was also associated with lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (β −0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.01) and higher C‐reactive protein (31%; 95% CI, 1%–69%), and sexual abuse was associated with higher heart rate (β 1.92 bpm; 95% CI 0.26–3.58). At age 25, all 3 types of abuse were additionally associated with higher insulin, and sexual abuse was associated with lower cholesterol (−0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.01). The age at which abuse occurred (<11or 11–17 years) had little influence on the associations, and when sex differences were evident, associations were stronger in men.

Conclusions
Childhood abuse is associated with negative cardiometabolic outcomes even by young adulthood. Further follow‐up will determine whether associations strengthen across the life course and whether sex differences persist, which is essential for targeting effective screening programs and early interventions in those who suffered abuse in childhood.
Noninvasive Scale Measurement of Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output Compared With the Direct Fick Method: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Yazdi Daniel , Sridaran Suriya , Smith Sarah , Centen Corey , Patel Sarin , Wilson Evan , Gillon Leah , Kapur Sunil , Tracy Julie A. , Lewine Katherine , Systrom David M. , MacRae Calum A. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Objective markers of cardiac function are limited in the outpatient setting and may be beneficial for monitoring patients with chronic cardiac conditions. We assess the accuracy of a scale, with the ability to capture ballistocardiography, electrocardiography, and impedance plethysmography signals from a patient’s feet while standing on the scale, in measuring stroke volume and cardiac output compared with the gold‐standard direct Fick method.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐two patients with unexplained dyspnea undergoing level 3 invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test at a tertiary medical center were included in the final analysis. We obtained scale and direct Fick measurements of stroke volume and cardiac output before and immediately after invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test. Stroke volume and cardiac output from a cardiac scale and the direct Fick method correlated with
r
=0.81 and
r
=0.85, respectively (
P
<0.001 each). The mean absolute error of the scale estimated stroke volume was −1.58 mL, with a 95% limits of agreement of −21.97 to 18.81 mL. The mean error for the scale estimated cardiac output was −0.31 L/min, with a 95% limits of agreement of −2.62 to 2.00 L/min. The changes in stroke volume and cardiac output before and after exercise were 78.9% and 96.7% concordant, respectively, between the 2 measuring methods.

Conclusions
In a proof‐of‐concept study, this novel scale with cardiac monitoring abilities may allow for noninvasive, longitudinal measures of cardiac function. Using the widely accepted form factor of a bathroom scale, this method of monitoring can be easily integrated into a patient’s lifestyle.
Coronary Artery Disease Events and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC Cohort
Authors: Polak Joseph F. , Backlund Jye‐Yu C. , Budoff Matt , Raskin Philip , Bebu Ionut , Lachin John M. ,   DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: December 2021

Background
Carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) is associated with the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in the general population. This association has not been established in type 1 diabetes.

Methods and Results

We studied if carotid IMT is associated with the risk of a first coronary artery disease event in participants with type 1 diabetes in the EDIC (Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) study, the long‐term observational follow‐up of the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial). Between 1994 and 1996, common carotid artery and internal carotid artery IMT were measured with high‐resolution ultrasound in 1309 study participants with a mean age of 35 years and diabetes duration of 13.8 years; 52% were men. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the association of standardized common carotid artery IMT and internal carotid artery IMT with subsequent cardiovascular events over the next 17 years. Models were adjusted for age, sex, mean hemoglobin A1c levels, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Associations of common carotid artery IMT with subsequent CAD were significant after adjustment for imaging device, sex, and age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23 per 0.09 mm [95% CI, [1.04–1.45];
P
=0.0141), but did not remain significant after further adjustment for traditional risk factors and hemoglobin A1c (HR, 1.14 per 0.09 mm [95% CI, 0.97–1.33];
P
=0.1206). No significant associations with subsequent coronary artery disease events were seen for internal carotid artery IMT.

Conclusions
In the DCCT/EDIC cohort with type 1 diabetes, common carotid artery IMT, but not internal carotid artery IMT, is weakly associated with subsequent coronary artery events, an association eliminated after adjusting for coexistent traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.