bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promising Immunotherapies against COVID‐19
Authors: Guo Haodong , Zhou Lili , Ma Zhenyu , Tian Zhixin , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has led to a severe pandemic and deeply affected the livelihood of people worldwide. In response to the pandemic, researchers have been rapidly studying different aspects of COVID‐19, such as virus detection, vaccinations, and epidemiological aspects of the disease. It has been reported that SARS‐CoV‐2 can induce uncontrolled inflammation and cause a lack of antiviral response, thereby aggravating the disease. Therefore, recovery of immune functions is key to COVID‐19 treatment. Many clinical trials are exploring suitable therapies, and some progress has been made. Early administration of interferons may prevent COVID‐19 exacerbation and/or promotes recovery from the diseases. Inhibitors of inflammation can prevent cytokine storms and multi‐organ damage. Convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibodies has played an important role in therapeutic options at the beginning of the pandemic owing to the lack of other effective methods. To aid the development of treatment options for COVID‐19, this review focuses on immunotherapies, including treatment with interferons, inhibition of pro‐inflammatory mechanisms, and the use of convalescent plasma.
The Power of Silk Technology for Energy Applications
Authors: Strassburg Stephen , Zainuddin Shakir , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSilk fibers are a remarkable material made of proteins possessing excellent mechanical properties that match or even outperform, in some aspects, high performance fibers such as Kevlar and steel. Silk proteins can be further produced recombinantly, allowing the possibility for genetic modification, enhancing silks’ already impressive range of benefits. Thus far, little research has explored the possibility of incorporating silk‐based materials in electronic or energy systems. With an increasing global concern for climate change and the dwindling reserves of fossil fuels, silk (or silk‐derived) hybrid materials are a promising avenue of scientific exploration in energy storage and conversion devices, flexible and wearable electronics and even as photovoltaic devices, which will be reviewed here within. Despite this, silk has seen only little interest for applications in hybrid energy devices in the recent years. Here within, some of the applications and benefits of silk‐based materials in several systems including: flexible electronics, thermal and thermoelectric devices, mechanical energy devices, sensors, and photovoltaic solar cells are examined. In addition to biocompatibility, high tensile strength, and renewability, silk also adds many benefits to hybrid energy systems such as tunability, multifunctionality, and versatility, making silk one of the most all‐encompassing materials for use in hybrid devices.
Affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes from a resident personal finance curriculum pilot project
Authors: Shappell Eric , Ahn James , Park Yoon Soo , McKillip Ryan , Ernst Michael , Pirotte Matthew , Tekian Ara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe transition to residency marks a significant shift in the financial circumstances of medical trainees. Despite existing resources, residents still cite uncertainty in this domain. A personal finance curriculum is needed to close this educational gap and improve the financial well‐being of trainees.MethodsThe curriculum was developed using Kern's framework. Two needs assessments informed the consensus development of goals and objectives, educational strategies, and assessments. Course material was hosted online for asynchronous review and complemented by two 1‐hour webinars. The curriculum was piloted at one institution. Participants completed (1) knowledge assessments before and after the intervention, (2) a survey of reactions to the curriculum, and (3) an assessment of financial behavioral changes after the intervention.ResultsThirty‐seven residents (37/49, 76%) enrolled in the curriculum. Among participants, 20 (20/37, 54%) completed the curriculum. Most participants agreed or strongly agreed that the content was relevant (20/20, 100%) and clearly presented (19/20, 95%) and that they would recommend the curriculum to other residents (20/20, 100%). Performance on the knowledge assessment improved 21% after the intervention (mean ± SD = pretest 57% ± 17%, posttest = 78% ± 12%; p < 0.001). Most residents (17/20, 85%) also reported behavioral changes including setting new financial goals (12/20, 60%), taking new action toward financial planning (11/20, 55%), and changing financial habits (6/20, 30%). There were no direct financial costs incurred in the implementation of this pilot.ConclusionsThis is a successful pilot of a virtual personal finance curriculum with positive outcomes data. Addressing this problem at scale will require buy‐in from educators around the country to deliver this information to residents that may not otherwise seek it out. Future study should assess curricular outcomes in other settings and the durability of acquired knowledge and behavioral changes over time.
Perish or prosper: Trade patterns for highly perishable seafood products
Authors: Asche Frank , Straume Hans‐Martin , Vårdal Erling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years trade with highly perishable agricultural products like fresh fish, berries, and cut flowers has increased substantially. The perishability of these products appears to challenge conventional wisdom when it comes to food trade, which emphasizes the importance of large shipments to reduce transportation costs. In this paper, gravity models and several margins of trade are estimated for the trade with fresh salmon, a highly perishable product. The results indicate that increased geographical distance have a larger negative effect than what is generally reported in the literature. Most interestingly, the number of exporters and the shipment frequency increase while there is little impact on shipment size when trade increase. Hence, freshness and possibly avoidance of losses by not selling products by the expiration date seem to be emphasized rather than economies of scale in transportation. [EconLit Citations: F14, Q22].
A fundamental equation of state for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of chlorine
Authors: Thol Monika , Herrig Stefan , Span Roland , Lemmon Eric W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA fundamental equation of state is presented for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of chlorine. It is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy with the independent variables temperature and density. Based on the available experimental data from the literature, the equation is valid from the triple point temperature 172.17–440 K with a maximum pressure of 20 MPa. The quality of the equation is evaluated by comparisons with experimental measurements. Since the equation was developed in part for use in mixture models relevant for carbon capture and storage applications, special focus was also given to correct extrapolation behavior.
Genetic screening of children with marrow failure. The role of primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Miano Maurizio , Grossi Alice , Dell'Orso Gianluca , Lanciotti Marina , Fioredda Francesca , Palmisani Elena , Lanza Tiziana , Guardo Daniela , Beccaria Andrea , Ravera Silvia , Cossu Vanessa , Terranova Paola , Giona Fiorina , Santopietro Michelina , Cappelli Enrico , Ceccherini Isabella , Dufour Carlo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of marrow failure (MF) is crucial in the diagnostic work‐up, since genetic forms require specific care. We retrospectively studied all patients with single/multi‐lineage MF evaluated in a single‐center to identify the type and incidence of underlying molecular defects. The diepoxybutane test was used to screen Fanconi Anemia. Other congenital MFs have been searched using Sanger and/or Next Generation Sequencing analysis, depending on the available tools over the years. Between 2009–2019, 97 patients (aged 0–32 years‐median 5) with single‐lineage (29%) or multilineage (68%) MF were evaluated. Fifty‐three (54%) and 28 (29%) were diagnosed with acquired and congenital MF, respectively. The remaining 16 (17%), with trilinear (n=9) and monolinear (n=7) MF, were found to have an underlying primary immunodeficiency (PID) and showed clinical and biochemical signs of immune‐dysregulation in 10/16 (62%) and in 14/16 (87%) of cases, respectively. Clinical signs were also found in 22/53 (41%) and 8/28 (28%) patients with idiopathic and classical cMF, respectively. Eight out of 16 PIDs patients were successfully transplanted, four received immunosuppression, two did not require treatment, and the remaining two died. We show that patients with single/multi‐lineage MF may have underlying PIDs in a considerable number of cases and that MF may represent a relevant clinical sign in patients with PIDs, thus widening their clinical phenotype. An accurate immunological work‐up should be performed in all patients with MF, and PID‐related genes should be considered when screening MF in order to identify disorders that may receive targeted treatments and/or appropriate conditioning regimens before transplant.
Mechanismus der Aren‐limitierten, nicht‐dirigierten C‐H‐Aktivierung von Arenen mit Palladium**
Authors: Wedi Philipp , Farizyan Mirxan , Bergander Klaus , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKürzlich wurden Palladium‐Katalysatoren entdeckt, die eine nicht‐dirigierte C‐H‐Aktivierung von Arenen ermöglichen, ohne dass ein Überschuss des Aren‐Substrats erforderlich ist, sodass Methoden entwickelt werden konnten, die die Modifikation fortgeschrittener Syntheseintermediate ermöglichen. Der Schlüssel zum Erfolg war die Verwendung zweier komplementärer Liganden, einer N‐Acylaminosäure und eines N‐Heterozyklus. Detaillierte experimentelle und computergestützte mechanistische Studien zur mittels zweier kooperativer Liganden ermöglichten C‐H‐Aktivierung von Arenen haben uns zur Identifizierung der katalytisch aktiven Spezies und eines Übergangszustandsmodells geführt, das die außergewöhnliche Aktivität und Selektivität dieser Katalysatoren erklärt. Diese Erkenntnisse dürften für die weitere Methodenentwicklung unter Verwendung dieser leistungsstarken Katalysatorklasse von großem Nutzen sein.
(Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes: Synthesis, Mechanism and Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Akter Monalisa , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract(Cyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl complexes are catalytically active, inexpensive, easily accessible and air‐stable that are extensively studied as an active pre‐catalyst in homogeneous catalysis. Its versatile catalytic activity arises exclusively due to the presence of a non‐innocent ligand, which can trigger its unique redox properties effectively. These complexes have been employed widely in (transfer)hydrogenation (e. g., reduction of polar multiple bonds, Oppenauer‐type oxidation of alcohols), C−C and C−N bond formation (e. g., reductive aminations, α‐alkylation of ketones) and other synthetic transformations. In this review, we discuss the remarkable advancement of its various synthetic applications along with synthesis and mechanistic studies, until February 2021.
Micro‐droplet Trapping and Manipulation: Understanding Aerosol Better for a Healthier Environment
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Pin , Devi Yanita , Chen Chun‐Hu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the physicochemical properties and heterogeneous processes of aerosols is key not only to elucidate the impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and humans but also to exploit their further applications, especially for a healthier environment. Experiments that allow for spatially control of single aerosol particles and investigations on the fundamental properties and heterogeneous chemistry at the single‐particle level have flourished during the last few decades, and significant breakthroughs in recent years promise better control and novel applications aimed at resolving key issues in aerosol science. Here we propose graphene oxide (GO) aerosols as prototype aerosols containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and GO can behave as two‐dimensional surfactants which could modify the interfacial properties of aerosols. We describe the techniques of trapping single particles and furthermore the current status of the optical spectroscopy and chemistry of GO. The current applications of these single‐particle trapping techniques are summarized and interesting future applications of GO aerosols are discussed.
Ragone Plots for Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Vicentini Rafael , Aguiar João Pedro , Beraldo Renato , Venâncio Raissa , Rufino Fernando , Da Silva Leonardo M. , Zanin Hudson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Ragone plot (RP) compares devices in energy and power density characteristics, helping engineers decide on a specific energy storage system for technological applications. RP would contrast the performance of several technologies together under similar boundary conditions. Unfortunately, that is not what is happening for electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) because conditions for calculating energy and power are not standardized in the literature, resulting in severe discrepancies in the obtained values. With this widespread misconception, RP may become an unreliable tool for characterizing EDLCs. An intervention in this vital issue now becomes necessary. To put action on that, a rational strategy for dealing with measurements needed for EDLCs and calculations to prepare a reliable RP is reported here. This manuscript presents a step‐by‐step procedure to provide a correct RP. Also, simple theoretical demonstrations of how to get each fundamental equation are presented. In general, this work contributes as a guide to obtain reliable RPs for EDLCs.
Flagellar export apparatus and ATP synthetase: Homology evidenced by synteny predating the Last Universal Common Ancestor
Authors: Matzke Nicholas J. , Lin Angela , Stone Micaella , Baker Matthew A. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report evidence further supporting homology between proteins in the F1FO‐ATP synthetase and the bacterial flagellar motor (BFM). BFM proteins FliH, FliI, and FliJ have been hypothesized to be homologous to FO‐b + F1‐δ, F1‐α/β, and F1‐γ, with similar structure and interactions. We conduct a further test by constructing a gene order dataset, examining the order offliH,fliI, andfliJgenes across the phylogenetic breadth of flagellar and nonflagellar type 3 secretion systems, and comparing this to published surveys of gene order in the F1FO‐ATP synthetase, its N‐ATPase relatives, and the bacterial/archaeal V‐ and A‐type ATPases. Strikingly, thefliHIJgene order was deeply conserved, with the few exceptions appearing derived, and exactly matching the widely conserved F‐ATPase gene orderatpFHAG, coding for subunits b‐δ‐α‐γ. The V/A‐type ATPases have a similar conserved gene order. Our results confirm homology between these systems, and suggest a rare case of synteny conserved over billions of years, predating the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA).
MiRNAs in early brain development and pediatric cancer
Authors: Prieto‐Colomina Anna , Fernández Virginia , Chinnappa Kaviya , Borrell Víctor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe size and organization of the brain are determined by the activity of progenitor cells early in development. Key mechanisms regulating progenitor cell biology involve miRNAs. These small noncoding RNA molecules bind mRNAs with high specificity, controlling their abundance and expression. The role of miRNAs in brain development has been studied extensively, but their involvement at early stages remained unknown until recently. Here, recent findings showing the important role of miRNAs in the earliest phases of brain development are reviewed, and it is discussed how loss of specific miRNAs leads to pathological conditions, particularly adult and pediatric brain tumors. Let‐7 miRNA downregulation and the initiation of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), a novel link recently discovered by the laboratory, are focused upon. Finally, it is discussed how miRNAs may be used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of pediatric brain tumors, with the hope of improving the prognosis of these devastating diseases.
Preparation and luminescence properties of ZnWO4:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphors
Authors: Zou Hong‐Yu , Wang Xi‐Gui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of ZnWO4:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphors was prepared using a co‐precipitation method at room temperature. The structures and luminescence properties of the materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV–vis light, differential thermal analysis–thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence spectra and the calculated Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates. The results showed that the material had a monoclinic structure and the P2/c group was determined using XRD. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of W–O, Zn–O bonds, and Zn–O–W groups in WO6 and ZnO6 octahedra. In the excitation spectrum, there was an overlap of the broad band charge transfer bands belonging to O2−→W6+ and O2−→Eu3+ or O2−→Tb3+ transitions in the range 200–325 nm, and excitation bands between 350 and 500 nm belonged to the characteristic absorption bands for Eu3+ and Tb3+. Therefore, the phosphor can be used as a single component tunable phosphor in light‐emitting diodes.
Resolving the base of the pyramid inclusion paradox through supplier development
Authors: Brix‐Asala Carolin , Seuring Stefan , Sauer Philipp C. , Zehendner Axel , Schilling Lara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResulting from divergent business environments between actors, the integration of the base of the pyramid (BoP) into formal supply chain (SC) structures is often hampered by institutional voids, which can result in the emergence of paradoxical situations. This paper analyzes the potential of supplier development (SD) for addressing the BoP inclusion paradox. The study develops a framework based on the assumption that SD enables the development of capabilities and supplier performance, which is especially relevant when operating in BoP contexts. Seventy‐two semi‐structured interviews stemming from two case studies of (a) a local dairy and (b) an international certified pineapple SCs with BoP involvement provide empirical insights into the theoretical framework. Paradox resolution strategies (temporal separation, spatial separation, and synthesis) are related to (direct and indirect) SD practices. The proposed framework and results show that indirect SD can be used as temporal and spatial separation, but not as synthesis strategy. Contrastingly, direct SD can be used as temporal separation and synthesis. The BoP context needs direct SD to address two sustainability goals simultaneously: the social dimension of BoP inclusion and the economic dimension of formal and efficient SCs. This research extends the discussion on paradoxes in sustainability management to SCs, especially to BoP SCs. It is relevant to show that BoP inclusion is neither a sole win‐win nor trade‐off scenario. Resulting paradoxical situations can be addressed by SD, thereby moving to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM).
The effect of forgiveness psychoeducation on forgiveness and life satisfaction in high school students
Authors: Çelik Eyüp , Ertürk Kafiye 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary evidence of whether a forgiveness psychoeducation programme increases the level of forgiveness and life satisfaction. The independent variable of this study is the forgiveness psychoeducation, and the dependent variables are forgiveness and life satisfaction. This research was carried out using pretest–post‐test control group design. Data were collected with the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The sample of the study consists of 22 students aged 16–17, 11 (8 girls and 3 boys) in the experimental group and 11 (7 girls and 4 boys) in the control group. The effect of the experimental procedure applied in the study on the level of forgiveness and life satisfaction was tested with a two‐factor mixed ANOVA for mixed measurements. The main effects of the group and measurement factors and the common effect of the group X measurement were determined with this method. The research results showed that the forgiveness psychoeducation programme increases the level of forgiveness and life satisfaction in high school students, and this increase did not change in the trial test. Furthermore, at the end of the psychoeducation programme, the students shared that they experienced more positive emotions while evaluating their achievements regarding the process, that they could express the people and experiences they had difficulty in forgiving in the group and that the group guided them to forgive this person and their experiences.
Coordination‐Induced N−H Bond Splitting of Ammonia and Primary Amine of CuI−MOFs
Authors: Gao Kuan , Huang Chao , Qiao Yan , Wang Shasha , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report a porous three‐dimensional anionic tetrazolium based CuI−MOF 1, which is capable of cleaving the N−H bond of ammonia and primary amine, as well as the O−H bond of H2O along with spontaneous H2 evolution. In the gas‐solid phase reaction of 1 with ammonia and water vapor, CuI−MOF 1 was gradually oxidized to NH2−CuII−MOF and OH−CuII−MOF, through single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) structural transformations, which was confirmed by XPS, PXRD and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated that CuI−MOF could lower N−H bond dissociation free energy of ammonia through coordination‐induced bond weakening and promote H2 evolution by the reduction potential of 1. To our knowledge, this is the first example of MOFs that activate ammonia and amine in gas‐solid manner.
Hierarchical Architectures Based on Ru Nanoparticles/Oxygen‐Rich‐Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ding Ruifu , Lin Longjie , Pei Chengang , Yu Xu , Sun Qijun , Park Ho Seok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighly active and durable electrocatalysts are essential for producing hydrogen fuel through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, a uniform deposition of Ru nanoparticles strongly interacting with oxygen‐rich carbon nanotube architectures (Ru‐OCNT) through ozonation and hydrothermal approaches has been designed. The hierarchical structure of Ru‐OCNT is made by self‐assembly of oxygen functionalities of OCNT. Ru nanoparticles interact strongly with OCNT at the Ru/OCNT interface to give excellent catalytic activity and stability of the Ru‐OCNT, as further confirmed by density functional theory. Owing to the hierarchical structure and adjusted surface chemistry, Ru‐OCNT has an overpotential of 34 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 27.8 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH, and an overpotential of 55 mV with Tafel slope of 33 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. The smaller Tafel slope of Ru‐OCNT than Ru‐CNT and commercial Pt/C in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes indicates high catalytic activity and fast charge transfer kinetics. The as‐proposed chemistry provides the rational design of hierarchically structured CNT/nanoparticle electrocatalysts for HER to produce hydrogen fuel.