bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deeply Infiltrating iRGD‐Graphene Oxide for the Intensive Treatment of Metastatic Tumors through PTT‐Mediated Chemosensitization and Strengthened Integrin Targeting‐Based Antimigration
Authors: Wang Honglan , Zhou Jiyuan , Fu Ying , Zheng Yuzhao , Shen Weiyang , Zhou Jianping , Yin Tingjie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA limited infiltration and the subsequent low effective drug concentration result in poor chemotherapeutic outcomes against tumors, and even further promote tumor resistance and metastatic. Herein, iRGD‐modified graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (IPHG) are developed for the intensive treatment of metastatic tumors using focus‐specific penetrated delivery together with photothermal therapy‐mediated chemosensitization and photothermal therapy‐strengthened integrin targeting‐based antimigration. In vitro and in vivo data verified the mechanism of the tumor‐selective infiltration of IPHG is based on a rigid 2D structure‐associated advantage regarding hemodynamics and endothelial contact, followed by iRGD‐endowed transendothelial and intratumoral transport. Once IPHG‐DOX‐penetrated 4T1 tumors are exposed to near‐infrared irradiation, hyperthermia stress and photothermal therapy‐elevated effective drug concentrations result in chemosensitization and prominent tumor suppression. Meanwhile, the specific binding of iRGD to integrins and photothermal therapy leads to the synergistic perturbation of cytoskeleton remodeling and subsequent impairment of cell motility and metastasis. The tailored design of IPHG validates a promising paradigm for drug delivery to combat tumor resistance and metastasis resulting from poor target access for single chemotherapy.
CaCO3‐Encapuslated Microspheres for Enhanced Transhepatic Arterial Embolization Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Aimi , Xiao Zhisheng , Liu Qiufang , Li Panli , Xu Fei , Liu Jianjun , Tao Huiquan , Feng Liangzhu , Song Shaoli , Liu Zhuang , Huang Gang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTranscatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an extensively applied treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the worsened tumor microenvironment (TME, e.g., reduced pH post‐TAE) may result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome. Herein, a new kind of embolic agent, calcium carbonate encapsulated alginate microspheres (CaCO3‐ALG MSs) are synthesized. Such CaCO3‐ALG MSs are able to neutralize the tumor pH owing to the reaction of CaCO3 with protons, which would not affect the overall morphology of microspheres after decomposition of CaCO3. TAE treatment with CaCO3‐ALG MSs is then conducted in an orthotopic rat liver cancer model. 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose micropositron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging is conducted post‐TAE and discovered that intra‐arterial injection of CaCO3‐ALG MSs shows obvious enhanced therapeutic outcome compared to the same treatment with bare ALG MSs or the clinically used lipiodol. Further studies including analysis of immune cells in tumors, cytokine assays, and bioinformatics analysis all verify the reverse of immunosuppressive TME toward a more immunosupportive one after TAE with CaCO3‐ALG MSs. The research not only presents a new CaCO3‐containing embolic agent for enhanced TAE treatment of HCC but also highlights a clinically meaningful approach to improve cancer treatment via tumor pH neutralization.
ROS‐Responsive Boronate‐Stabilized Polyphenol–Poloxamer 188 Assembled Dexamethasone Nanodrug for Macrophage Repolarization in Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wang Xinyu , Liu Qingfeng , Yan Junjie , Pan Donghui , Wang Lizhen , Xu Yuping , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhang , Li Xiaotian , Yang Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disease associated with chronic inflammation. The polarization of macrophages plays the key role in inflammatory microenvironment of joint which is a therapeutic target for OA treatment. Herein, a boronate‐stabilized polyphenol–poloxamer assembled dexamethasone nanodrug with reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive drug release behavior and ROS scavenging ability is prepared. Thanks to that, the nanodrug can efficiently inhibit the ROS and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages and modulate macrophages M2 polarization at a much lower concentration than free drug dexamethasone. Furthermore, the monosodium iodoacetate‐induced OA mice treated with this nanodrug is very similar with the normal mice with the evaluation of body weight and scores including clinical arthritis scores, claw circumference, and kinematics score. The inflammation associated angiogenesis is also reduced which revealed by 68Ga‐labeled arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid peptide micro‐positron emission tomography imaging. Cartilage degradation and bone erosion in the joints are also inhibited by the nanodrug, along with the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the biosafety of this nanodrug is also verified. This nanodrug with excellent immunomodulation properties can be used not only for OA therapy but also for other inflammatory diseases associated with excess oxidative stress and macrophage polarization.
Functional Micro‐/Nanomaterials for Multiplexed Biodetection
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Wu Weijie , Cui Daxiang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Li Wanwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen analyzing biological phenomena and processes, multiplexed biodetection has many advantages over single‐factor biodetection and is highly relevant to both human health issues and advancements in the life sciences. However, many key problems with current multiplexed biodetection strategies remain unresolved. Herein, the main issues are analyzed and summarized: 1) generating sufficient signal to label targets, 2) improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio to ensure total detection sensitivity, and 3) simplifying the detection process to reduce the time and labor costs of multiple target detection. Then, available solutions made possible by designing and controlling the properties of micro‐ and nanomaterials are introduced. The aim is to emphasize the role that micro‐/nanomaterials can play in the improvement of multiplexed biodetection strategies. Through analyzing existing problems, introducing state‐of‐the‐art developments regarding relevant materials, and discussing future directions of the field, it is hopeful to help promote necessary developments in multiplexed biodetection and associated scientific research.
Stimuli‐Responsive AIEgens
Authors: Zhang Jing , He Benzhao , Hu Yubing , Alam Parvej , Zhang Haoke , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe unique advantages and the exciting application prospects of AIEgens have triggered booming developments in this area in recent years. Among them, stimuli‐responsive AIEgens have received particular attention and impressive progress, and they have been demonstrated to show tremendous potential in many fields from physical chemistry to materials science and to biology and medicine. Here, the recent achievements of stimuli‐responsive AIEgens in terms of seven most representative types of stimuli including force, light, polarity, temperature, electricity, ion, and pH, are summarized. Based on typical examples, it is illustrated how each type of systems realize the desired stimuli‐responsive performance for various applications. The key work principles behind them are ultimately deciphered and figured out to offer new insights and guidelines for the design and engineering of the next‐generation stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials for more broad applications.
Design and Mechanism of a Self‐Powered and Disintegration–Reorganization–Regeneration Power Supply with Cold Resistance
Authors: Dai Hanqing , Chen Yuanyuan , Dai Wenqing , Hu Zhe , Li Min , Zhang Wanlu , Xie Fengxian , Wei Wei , Guo Ruiqian , Zhang Guoqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUp to now, power supplies designed based on the electrochemical reaction principle have had unavoidable defects, in that a complete redox reaction must be formed inside the power supply to operate normally, which makes it unable to be reconstructed and regenerated. Hence, the design and interpretation of this self‐powered and disintegration–reorganization–regeneration power supply are generally considered to be almost insurmountable obstacles to haunt both experimenters and theorists. Herein, a self‐powered and disintegration–reorganization–regeneration power supply with relatively stable discharge for 8.3 h is realized by the principle of ion‐selective diffusion, which regenerates by radical polymerization. Additionally, the mechanism is investigated systematically by molecular dynamics simulation, and this power supply with a variety of self‐powered and disintegration–reorganization–regeneration units can discharge continuously at freezing temperatures and variable temperature (0–25 °C). As a hypothetical model, a self‐powered and deformable arch bridge with disintegration and reorganization is fabricated. In the future, this power supply is expected to be applied in prosthetic limbs, bionic skins, implantable power supplies, mobile phones, portable computers, wearable devices, etc. Moreover, with the improvement of the stability and discharge life, it could promote major revolutionary breakthroughs in the fields of intelligent industrial automation, smart buildings, intelligent transportation systems, intelligent power systems, etc.
Tunable Fiber‐Cavity Enhanced Photon Emission from Defect Centers in hBN
Authors: Häußler Stefan , Bayer Gregor , Waltrich Richard , Mendelson Noah , Li Chi , Hunger David , Aharonovich Igor , Kubanek Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRealization of quantum photonic devices requires coupling single quantum emitters to the mode of optical resonators. In this work, a hybrid system consisting of defect centers in few‐layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown by chemical vapor deposition and a fiber‐based Fabry–Pérot cavity is presented. The sub 10‐nm thickness of hBN and its smooth surface enable efficient integration into the cavity mode. This hybrid platform is operated over a broad spectral range larger than 30 nm and its tuneability is used to explore different coupling regimes. Consequently, very large cavity‐assisted signal enhancement up to 50‐fold and strongly narrowed linewidths are achieved, which is owing to cavity funneling, a record for hBN‐cavity systems. Additionally, an excitation and readout scheme is implemented for resonant excitation that allows to establish cavity‐assisted photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. This work marks an important milestone for the deployment of 2D materials coupled to fiber‐based cavities in practical quantum technologies.
Synthesis of 2‐Phosphoryl‐3‐Monofluorovinylindoles under Catalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Conditions
Authors: An Di , Sang Jingjing , Hu Rui , Chen Jichao , Feng Li , Rao Weidong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA synthetic approach for the synthesis 2‐phosphoryl‐3‐monofluorovinylindoles via cascade regioselective dehydrative phosphorylation/stereoselective defluorination of difluoromethylated 3‐indolylmethanols and H‐phosphine oxides under catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions is described. The reaction could be scaled‐up without the need for column chromatography purification.magnified image
Environmentally Friendly Thermoelectric Materials: High Performance from Inorganic Components with Low Toxicity and Abundance in the Earth
Authors: Caballero‐Calero Olga , Ares José R. , Martín‐González Marisol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review article gives an overview of the recent research directions in eco‐friendly, non‐toxic, and earth‐abundant thermoelectric materials. It covers materials such as sulfides, tetrahedrites, earth‐abundant oxides, silicides, copper iodine, Half‐Heusler intermetallic compounds, nitrides, and other environmentally friendly thermoelectrics. In all cases, their history, structure, general characteristics, thermoelectric properties, synthesis methods, and related thermoelectric applications are compiled. It is also shown that they are starting to be an excellent alternative for producing cost‐effective, sustainable, and non‐toxic thermoelectric generators. This review does not try to include all possible materials, but to show that there are high zT thermoelectric materials that are starting to be an excellent alternative for producing cost‐effective, sustainable, and non‐toxic thermoelectric generators.
Low‐Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskite Crystal Materials: Structure Strategies and Luminescence Applications
Authors: Han Ying , Yue Sijia , Cui Bin‐Bin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReplacing methylammonium (MA+), formamidine (FA+), and/or cesium (Cs+) in 3D metal halide perovskites by larger organic cations have built a series of low‐dimensional metal halide perovskites (LDMHPs) in which the inorganic metal halide octahedra arranging in the forms of 2D layers, 1D chains, and 0D points. These LDMHPs exhibit significantly different optoelectronic properties from 3D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) due to their unique quantum confinement effects and large exciton binding energies. In particular, LDMHPs often have excellent broadband luminescence from self‐trapped excitons. Chemical composition, hydrogen bonding, and external factors (temperature and pressure etc.) determine structures and influence photoelectric properties of LDMHPs greatly, and especially it seems that there is no definite regulation to predict the structure and photoelectric properties when a random cation, metal, and halide is chosen to design a LDMHP. Therefore, this review discusses the construction strategies of the recent reported LDMHPs and their application progress in the luminescence field for a better understanding of these factors and a prospect for LDMHPs’ development in the future.
Improved Efficiency and Lifetime of Deep‐Blue Hyperfluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diode using Pt(II) Complex as Phosphorescent Sensitizer
Authors: Nam Sungho , Kim Ji Whan , Bae Hye Jin , Maruyama Yusuke Makida , Jeong Daun , Kim Joonghyuk , Kim Jong Soo , Son Won‐Joon , Jeong Hyein , Lee Jaesang , Ihn Soo‐Ghang , Choi Hyeonho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) has been successfully commercialized, the development of deep‐blue OLEDs with high efficiency and long lifetime remains a challenge. Here, a novel hyperfluorescent OLED that incorporates the Pt(II) complex (PtON7‐dtb) as a phosphorescent sensitizer and a hydrocarbon‐based and multiple resonance‐based fluorophore as an emitter (TBPDP and ν‐DABNA) in the device emissive layer (EML), is proposed. Such an EML system can promote efficient energy transfer from the triplet excited states of the sensitizer to the singlet excited states of the fluorophore, thus significantly improving the efficiency and lifetime of the device. As a result, a deep‐blue hyperfluorescent OLED using a multiple resonance‐based fluorophore (ν‐DABNA) with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate y below 0.1 is demonstrated, which attains a narrow full width at half maximum of ≈17 nm, fourfold increased maximum current efficiency of 48.9 cd A−1, and 19‐fold improved half‐lifetime of 253.8 h at 1000 cd m−2 compared to a conventional phosphorescent OLED. The findings can lead to better understanding of the hyperfluorescent OLEDs with high performance.
Platelet‐Like Fusogenic Liposome‐Mediated Targeting Delivery of miR‐21 Improves Myocardial Remodeling by Reprogramming Macrophages Post Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Tan Haipeng , Song Ya'nan , Chen Jing , Zhang Ning , Wang Qiaozi , Li Qiyu , Gao Jinfeng , Yang Hongbo , Dong Zheng , Weng Xueyi , Wang Zhengmin , Sun Dili , Yakufu Wusiman , Pang Zhiqing , Huang Zheyong , Ge Junbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInflammatory modulations focusing on macrophage phenotype are promising candidates to promote better cardiac healing post myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury. However, the peak of monocyte/macrophage recruitment is later than the time when enhanced permeability and retention effect disappears, which greatly increases the difficulty of reprogramming macrophages through systemic administration. Meanwhile, the inability of nanomaterials to release their contents to specific intracellular locations through reasonable cellular internalization pathways is another obstacle to achieving macrophage reprogramming. Here, inspired by the increase in circulating platelet‐monocyte aggregates in patients′ post‐MI/R and the high efficiency of fusogenic liposomes to deliver contents to the cytoplasm of target cells, a platelet‐like fusogenic liposome (PLPs) is constructed. Under the coating of PLPs, mesoporous silica nanospheres with a payload of miR‐21, an anti‐inflammatory agent, can be specifically delivered to inflammatory monocytes in the blood circulation of MI/R induced mice. Then it directly enters the cytoplasm of monocytes through membrane fusion, thereby realizing the reparative reprogramming of the inflamed macrophages derived from it. In vivo administration of the resulting formula can effectively preserve the cardiac function of mice undergone MI/R. Minimal invasiveness and biological safety make this nano‐platform a promising approach of immunotherapy.
Inhibition of Lithium Dendrite Formation in Lithium Metal Batteries via Regulated Cation Transport through Ultrathin Sub‐Nanometer Porous Carbon Nanomembranes
Authors: Rajendran Sathish , Tang Zian , George Antony , Cannon Andrew , Neumann Christof , Sawas Abdulrazzag , Ryan Emily , Turchanin Andrey , Arava Leela Mohana Reddy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuppressing Li dendrite growth has gained research interest due to the high theoretical capacity of Li metal anodes. Traditional Celgard membranes which are currently used in Li metal batteries fall short in achieving uniform Li flux at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to their inherent irregular pore sizes. Here, the use of an ultrathin (≈1.2 nm) carbon nanomembrane (CNM) which contains sub‐nanometer sized pores as an interlayer to regulate the mass transport of Li‐ions is demonstrated. Symmetrical cell analysis reveals that the cell with CNM interlayer cycles over 2x longer than the control experiment without the formation of Li dendrites. Further investigation on the Li plating morphology on Cu foil reveals highly dense deposits of Li metal using a standard carbonate electrolyte. A smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics simulation of the mass transport at the anode–electrolyte interface elucidates the effect of the CNM in promoting the formation of highly dense Li deposits and inhibiting the formation of dendrites. A lithium metal battery fabricated using the LiFePO4 cathode exhibits a stable, flat voltage profile with low polarization for over 300 cycles indicating the effect of regulated mass transport.
Progress and Perspectives in Photo‐ and Electrochemical‐Oxidation of Biomass for Sustainable Chemicals and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Luo Hui , Barrio Jesús , Sunny Nixon , Li Alain , Steier Ludmilla , Shah Nilay , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiomass is recognized as an ideal CO2 neutral, abundant, and renewable resource substitute to fossil fuels. The rich proton content in most biomass derived materials, such as ethanol, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and glycerol allows it to be an effective hydrogen carrier. The oxidation derivatives, such as 2,5‐difurandicarboxylic acid from HMF, glyceric acid from glycerol are valuable products to be used in biodegradable polymers and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, combining biomass‐derived compound oxidation at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode in a biomass electrolysis or photo‐reforming reactor would present a promising strategy for coproducing high value chemicals and hydrogen with low energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This review aims to combine fundamental knowledge on photo and electro‐assisted catalysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the general reaction mechanisms of different biomass‐derived molecule oxidation. At the same time, catalyst requirements and recent advances for various feedstock compounds are also reviewed in detail. Technoeconomic assessment and life cycle analysis are performed on various feedstocks to assess the relative benefits of various processes, and finally critical prospects are given on the challenges and opportunities for technology development to meet the sustainability requirement of the future global energy economy.
Supramolecular Zinc Porphyrin Photocatalyst with Strong Reduction Ability and Robust Built‐In Electric Field for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Jing Jianfang , Yang Jun , Zhang Zijian , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ultrathin 2D self‐assembled tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl) zinc porphyrin (SA‐ZnTCPP) is successfully fabricated for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The H2 evolution rate is 3487.3 µmol g–1 h–1 under wide‐spectrum (300–698 nm), which is increased by ≈85 times compared with metal‐free self‐assembled tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (SA‐TCPP). The significant promotion in photocatalytic activity of SA‐ZnTCPP comes from the deep conduction band (−1.01 V) contributed by the elevation of orbital energy level of porphyrin after Zn2+ coordination. In addition, the strong built‐in electric field boosts the rapid separation and mobility of photogenerated carriers. Consequently, the strong reduction driving force and faster electron transfer kinetics result in highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production of SA‐ZnTCPP. This work improves the understanding of the structure‐property relationship of metalloporphyrin‐based supramolecular photocatalysts and provides a general strategy at the molecular level for performance optimization of photocatalysts.
Short‐term effects of nitrogen source on soil properties and plant growth
Authors: Wacha Kenneth M. , Hatfield Jerry L. , O'Brien Peter L. , Dold Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA randomized complete block design experiment was performed in a growth chamber study to evaluate the short‐term impact of N amendment source on CO2 fluxes, aggregate stability, and aboveground plant biomass. Large intact soil cores (n = 6) were each segmented into three subplot treatment sources: (a) organic N (ORG‐N); (b) inorganic N (UAN‐32); and (c) no N added (no‐N), with both N sources applied at rates of 27.5 kg N ha–1. The experiment was run for 130 d, representing one growing season of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil CO2 fluxes accumulated during the growing season were 47.1, 36.6, and 24.6 mol m–2 for ORG‐N, UAN‐32, and no‐N treatments, respectively. Significantly higher aboveground plant biomass was harvested in the N source treatments compared with no‐N. Aggregate stability in ORG‐N was significantly higher than inorganic sources, UAN‐32 (p < .05). This study highlights that even over a short‐term study, organic N sources can increase soil biological activity and aggregation processes, indicating an increased capacity for several soil functions.