bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GFAT and PFK genes show contrasting regulation of chitin metabolism in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Xu Cai-Di , Liu Yong-Kang , Qiu Ling-Yu , Wang Sha-Sha , Pan Bi-Ying , Li Yan , Wang Shi-Gui , Tang Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) are enzymes related to chitin metabolism. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to explore the role of these two enzyme genes in chitin metabolism. In this study, we found that GFAT and PFK were highly expressed in the wing bud of Nilaparvata lugens and were increased significantly during molting. RNAi of GFAT and PFK both caused severe malformation rates and mortality rates in N. lugens. GFAT inhibition also downregulated GFAT, GNPNA, PGM1, PGM2, UAP, CHS1, CHS1a, CHS1b, Cht1-10, and ENGase. PFK inhibition significantly downregulated GFAT; upregulated GNPNA, PGM2, UAP, Cht2-4, Cht6-7 at 48 h and then downregulated them at 72 h; upregulated Cht5, Cht8, Cht10, and ENGase; downregulated Cht9 at 48 h and then upregulated it at 72 h; and upregulated CHS1, CHS1a, and CHS1b. In conclusion, GFAT and PFK regulated chitin degradation and remodeling by regulating the expression of genes related to the chitin metabolism and exert opposite effects on these genes. These results may be beneficial to develop new chitin synthesis inhibitors for pest control.
Antioxidant properties and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by highly active peptides from wheat gluten
Authors: Liu Wen-Ying , Zhang Jiang-Tao , Miyakawa Takuya , Li Guo-Ming , Gu Rui-Zeng , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to focus on the high-value utilization of raw wheat gluten by determining the potent antioxidant peptides and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from wheat gluten oligopeptides (WOP). WOP were analyzed for in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibition of ACE, and the identification of active peptides was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis was performed for highly active peptides. Five potent antioxidant peptides, Leu-Tyr, Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr and Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr (6.07 ± 0.38, 7.28 ± 0.29, 11.18 ± 1.02, 5.93 ± 0.20 and 9.04 ± 0.47 mmol 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalent/g sample, respectively), and five potent ACE inhibitory peptides, Leu-Tyr, Leu-Val-Ser, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr and Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values = 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.60 ± 0.03, 2.00 ± 0.13, 1.47 ± 0.08 and 1.48 ± 0.11 mmol/L, respectively), were observed. The contents of Leu-Tyr, Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr, Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr, and Leu-Val-Ser were 155.04 ± 8.36, 2.08 ± 0.12, 1.95 ± 0.06, 22.70 ± 1.35, 0.25 ± 0.01, and 53.01 ± 2.73 μg/g, respectively, in the WOP. Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr, Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr, and Leu-Val-Ser are novel antioxidative/ACE inhibitory peptides that have not been previously reported. The results suggest that WOP could potentially be applied in the food industry as a functional additive.
Associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with circulating immune cells and serum biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Trend Stephanie , Leffler Jonatan , Jones Anderson P. , Cha Lilian , Gorman Shelley , Brown David A. , Breit Samuel N. , Kermode Allan G. , French Martyn A. , Ward Natalie C. , Hart Prue H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAltered composition of gut bacteria and changes to the production of their bioactive metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the immunomodulatory actions of SCFAs and intermediaries in their ability to influence MS pathogenesis are uncertain. In this study, levels of serum SCFAs were correlated with immune cell abundance and phenotype as well as with other relevant serum factors in blood samples taken at first presentation of Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS; an early form of MS) or MS and compared to healthy controls. There was a small but significant reduction in propionate levels in the serum of patients with CIS or MS compared with healthy controls. The frequencies of circulating T follicular regulatory cells and T follicular helper cells were significantly positively correlated with serum levels of propionate. Levels of butyrate associated positively with frequencies of IL-10-producing B-cells and negatively with frequencies of class-switched memory B-cells. TNF production by polyclonally-activated B-cells correlated negatively with acetate levels. Levels of serum SCFAs associated with changes in circulating immune cells and biomarkers implicated in the development of MS.
O,N-Codoped 3D graphene hollow sphere derived from metal–organic frameworks as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for Zn-air batteries
Authors: Song Ruili , Cao Xiaoting , Xu Jiang , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Wang Xi , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning 
Published: March 2021

Metal-free 3D hollow spherical O and N dual-doped graphene framework composites (O,N-graphene) have an average diameter of about 4 μm and specific surface area as high as 1801.4 m2 g−1.
Visual and dual-fluorescence homogeneous sensor for the detection of pyrophosphatase in clinical hyperthyroidism samples based on selective recognition of CdTe QDs and coordination polymerization of Ce3+
Authors: Chen Piaopiao , Qu Runlian , Peng Wu , Wang Xiu , Huang Ke , He Yaqin , Zhang Xialin , Meng Yanming , Liu Tangyuheng , Chen Jie , Xie Yi , Huang Jin , Hu Qian , Geng Jia , Ying Binwu 
Published: March 2021

A visual / dual fluorescent strategy based on selective recognition of QDs and coordination polymerization of Ce3+ was developed for pyrophosphatase detection.
Development and prospect of direct‐current circuit breaker in China
Authors: Chen Weijiang , Zeng Rong , He Junjia , Wu Yi , Wei Xiaoguang , Fang Taixun , Yu Zhanqing , Yuan Zhao , Wu Yifei , Zhou Wandi , Yang Bing , Qu Lu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe direct‐current circuit breaker (DCCB) is the most ideal choice for DC fault isolation in DC grids. Despite a late start, China's research and development on the DCCB have made outstanding achievements. This article provides a brief glance of current China's DCCB development status. It begins by sorting out the technical route according to the topology of DCCB. Then it systematically summarises both mechanical and hybrid DCCBs with focussing on the aspects of topology structure and principle, key technology and characteristics, prototype development and application. It is apparent that Chinese scientists and engineers confronted the worldwide problem of large capacity DC breaking, and put forward a comprehensive solution which consists of an innovative topology structure based on coupled negative voltage circuit, breaking throughs on the key technologies such as highly controllable and reliable fault current commutation, millisecond‐level ultra‐fast and efficient electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, high tolerance and high stability power electronic switch, low residual voltage and fast response energy consumption device, etc. The article states that the world's first set of hybrid high‐voltage (HV) DCCB, and the first set of mechanical HV DCCB have been developed. These DCCBs will soon be deployed to the DC grids which have the highest voltage levels therefore require the strongest breaking capacity. These achievements are leading the world in the development and application of DCCB. The article also discusses the overall development trends of DCCB in the areas of new topologies, key technological breakthroughs and application scenarios, etc. These discussions serve as references for DCCB's future technological advancement and its ever‐expanding applications.
Online variational inference on finite multivariate Beta mixture models for medical applications
Authors: Manouchehri Narges , Kalra Meeta , Bouguila Nizar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTechnological advances led to the generation of large scale complex data. Thus, extraction and retrieval of information to automatically discover latent pattern have been largely studied in the various domains of science and technology. Consequently, machine learning experienced tremendous development and various statistical approaches have been suggested. In particular, data clustering has received a lot of attention. Finite mixture models have been revealed to be one of the flexible and popular approaches in data clustering. Considering mixture models, three crucial aspects should be addressed. The first issue is choosing a distribution which is flexible enough to fit the data. In this paper, a model based on multivariate Beta distributions is proposed. The two other challenges in mixture models are estimation of model's parameters and model complexity. To tackle these challenges, variational inference techniques demonstrated considerable robustness. In this paper, two methods are studied, namely, batch and online variational inferences and the models are evaluated on four medical applications including image segmentation of colorectal cancer, multi‐class colon tissue analysis, digital imaging in skin lesion diagnosis and computer aid detection of Malaria.
Conduction band offset-dependent induced threshold voltage shifts in a-InGaZnO TFTs under positive bias illumination stress
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Kim Soonkon , Yoo Jongmin , Oh Changyong , Kim Bosung , Hwang Hyuncheol , Park Jungmin , Choi Pyungho , Song Jangkun , Im Kiju , Choi Byoungdeog 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the dependence of threshold voltage (Vth) changes to amorphous-indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under positive bias light illumination (PBIS) on the height of the conduction band offset was studied. Using SiO2, HfO2, and Al2O3 as gate dielectrics, three different types of a-IGZO TFTs were used in the experiment. Electrical parameters and the density of states of each TFT were measured. Of the devices studied, the interface characteristics between the a-IGZO and the gate dielectric were the best using SiO2 and the worst using Al2O3. HfO2 had the smallest conduction band offsets (CBO) of 2.26 eV. We also performed PBS and PBIS evaluation to confirm the stability of TFTs. The Vth shift in the three samples was insignificant under PBS, but the Vth shifts occurred under PBIS in the order of HfO2, Al2O3, and SiO2. The interfacial characteristics of a-IGZO and the dielectric did not change after PBIS in all three devices; the lower the CBO height, the greater the Vth shift after PBIS. The predominant cause of the Vth shift under PBIS is the accumulation of injected photoelectrons that have sufficient energy to tunnel the CBO barrier into the gate dielectric by positive gate bias.
Study of spin mixing conductance of single oriented Pt in Pt/Ni81Fe19 heterostructure by spin pumping
Authors: You Yunfeng , Sakimura Hiroto , Harumoto Takashi , Nakamura Yoshio , Shi Ji , Song Cheng , Pan Feng , Ando Kazuya 
Published: March 2021

The spin mixing conductance g↑↓ of a ferromagnetic and a nonmagnetic (NM) layer characterizes the transport efficiency of spin current through the interface. Exploration of the relationship between g↑↓ and structural parameters such as the lattice orientation of the NM layer is critical to design effective spintronics devices. Here, the spin mixing conductance of two types of single oriented Pt and Ni81Fe19 (Py) was studied experimentally, with the method of spin pumping. The obtained g↑↓ for Pt (100)/Py and Pt (111)/Py bilayers is 8.6 ± 0.9 nm−2 and 10.8 ± 1.6 nm−2, respectively, revealing the fact that the crystalline orientation of the metallic NM layer has no prominent impact on g↑↓, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction.
Predicting transcriptional responses to cold stress across plant species
Authors: Meng Xiaoxi , Liang Zhikai , Dai Xiuru , Zhang Yang , Mahboub Samira , Ngu Daniel W. , Roston Rebecca L. , Schnable James C. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe same gene is often regulated differently in response to stress in even closely related plant species. Directly measuring stress-responsive gene expression can be financially and logistically challenging in nonmodel species. Here, we show that models trained using data on which genes respond to cold in one species can predict which genes will respond to cold in related species, even when the training and target species vary in their degree of tolerance to cold. The prediction models we used require only genomic sequence and gene models. As a result, data from well-studied model species may be used to predict which genes will respond to stress in less-studied species with sequenced genomes.
Making sense of morphology
Authors: Ackerman Farrell 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aronoff
(2016) argues for the value of interpreting different
approaches to the analysis of morphology as reflecting the
sensibilities of foxes and hedgehogs as characterized in Berlin (1997). It is argued
that Berlin also provides a way to go beyond these oppositional
sensibilities and the morphological theories they develop by
exploring a complex systems perspective on morphological
organization of the sort adumbrated by certain late 19th century and
early 20th century linguists: systems that arise from the dynamic
co-activity of surprisingly many factors. The kind of view they
envisioned is now quantitatively and computationally practicable and
can benefit from research on complex behaviors within the
developmental sciences. A view of this sort is motivated by two
types of empirical evidence, one concerning implicative paradigm
organization in Māori and Baale, the other concerning the dynamic
relation between diachrony and synchrony as attested in Mari and
Beserman Udmurt.
Leaving the stem by itself
Authors: Bonami Olivier , Beniamine Sacha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stem allomorphy plays a central role in the
recent history of morphology, in no small part thanks to a research
program initiated by Aronoff
(1994). Yet, there is no agreed upon way of deciding
whether some bit of form should be considered a proper part of a
stem allomorph or an independent exponent. We explore the
possibility of just doing away with the notion of stem allomorphy in
inflection. We use computational methods to identify within each
word a sequence of strings that do not take part in any alternation
within that word’s paradigm. We then discuss the relationship of
such sequences to the classical notion of a stem, and argue that
discontinuous stems are both conceptually and empirically more
satisfactory.
Competition in comparatives
Authors: Thornton Anna M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an initial exploration of
the phenomenon of competition in comparatives in Romance languages.
Latin had both synthetic and periphrastic comparatives, whose
distribution was phonologically conditioned. Romance languages have
generalized the periphrastic construction to all adjectives, but
have also often inherited continuants of all or some of the four
synthetic suppletive comparatives melior “better”,
peior “worse”, māior “bigger”,
minor “smaller”. Therefore, in the evolution
from Latin to Romance languages, the stage is set for competition
between synthetic and analytic constructions, such as Italian
migliore vs. più buono
“better”. This chapter discusses the solutions found in different
Romance languages, as explained in descriptive grammars and other
works. These solutions span from extinction of the synthetic
suppletive forms altogether, to blocking of the analytic
construction when the synthetic one is available, to overabundance
between synthetic and analytic forms, to the creation of niches in
which the two constructions distribute differentially. A
corpus-based pilot study of Italian suggests a fruitful way to
uncover such niches.
A-prefixing in the ex-slave narratives
Authors: Rees-Miller Janie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The speech of elderly African-Americans
collected in the ex-slave narratives during the 1930s can enhance
our understanding of both form and meaning of a-prefixing. Drawing
on a selection of interviews that includes approximately 400 tokens
of a-prefixing from over 100 individuals, this study will examine
the types of words on which a-prefixing occurs, the phonological
constraints on it, and the morpho-syntactic patterns in which it is
more likely. From these interviews we can infer a semantic meaning
of intensification for a-prefixing, especially in narrative contexts
involving emotionally-charged events. This semantic meaning of
a-prefixing may be related to the development of the
progressive.
Persistent innovations and historical conspiracies as reanalysis and extension
Authors: Burns Roslyn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores temporally extended innovations as a form of phonological reanalysis and extension. Polabian (West Slavic) exhibits multiple dissimilatory innovations that target the reflexes of Late Common Slavic (LCS) *v/w. In this paper, I propose that the outputs of syllable structure changes in early West Slavic were reinterpreted as restrictions on the distribution of [w], thus introducing dissimilation to the language. The new grammar was not able to stop other innovations from occurring (prophylaxis) and instead restructured intermediate outputs from subsequent innovations into an acceptable phonetic form (repair) thereby extending dissimilation to new items. I demonstrate that (a) outputs of an earlier onset epenthesis grammar conform to the surface-true generalizations enforced by the reanalyzed dissimilation grammar and (b) a single grammar can account for both the dissimilation which developed during the West Slavic period and subsequent extensions which occurred after Polabian was fully differentiated from its relatives.
Correlation functions of non-Markovian systems out of equilibrium: analytical expressions beyond single-exponential memory
Authors: Doerries Timo J , Loos Sarah A M , Klapp Sabine H L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with correlation functions of stochastic systems with memory, a prominent example being a molecule or colloid moving through a complex (e.g. viscoelastic) fluid environment. Analytical investigations of such systems based on non-Markovian stochastic equations are notoriously difficult. A common approximation is that of a single-exponential memory, corresponding to the introduction of one auxiliary variable coupled to the Markovian dynamics of the main variable. As a generalization, we here investigate a class of ‘toy’ models with altogether three degrees of freedom, giving rise to more complex forms of memory. Specifically, we consider, mainly on an analytical basis, the under- and overdamped motion of a colloidal particle coupled linearly to two auxiliary variables, where the coupling between variables can be either reciprocal or non-reciprocal. Projecting out the auxiliary variables, we obtain non-Markovian Langevin equations with friction kernels and colored noise, whose structure is similar to that of a generalized Langevin equation. For the present systems, however, the non-Markovian equations may violate the fluctuation–dissipation relation as well as detailed balance, indicating that the systems are out of equilibrium. We then study systematically the connection between the coupling topology of the underlying Markovian system and various autocorrelation functions. We demonstrate that already two auxiliary variables can generate surprisingly complex (e.g. non-monotonic or oscillatory) memory and correlation functions. Finally, we show that a minimal overdamped model with two auxiliary variables and suitable non-reciprocal coupling yields correlation functions resembling those describing hydrodynamic backflow in an optical trap.
Hyperuniformity in cyclically driven glasses
Authors: Mitra Saheli , Parmar Anshul D S , Leishangthem Premkumar , Sastry Srikanth , Foffi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a numerical investigation of the density fluctuations in a model glass under cyclic shear deformation conditions. We demonstrate that in our model glass, the compressibility is suppressed in inherently minimally energetic structures, showing a hyperuniform trend at a density which is below the critical jamming density. At low shear amplitudes, i.e. below the yield amplitude, the system reaches an absorbent steady state in which density fluctuations are suppressed, revealing the clear fingerprint of hyperuniformity up to a finite length scale. The opposite scenario is observed above the yield amplitude, where density fluctuations are strongly enhanced. We demonstrate that the transition to this state is accompanied by a spatial phase separation into two distinct hyperuniform regions, as a consequence of shear band formation at amplitudes greater than the yield amplitude.
A Real-time Pothole Detection Based on Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Yik Yeoh Keng , Alias Nurul Ezaila , Yusof Yusmeeraz , Isaak Suhaila 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today, the number of vehicles using the road including highways and single carriage way is increasing. road structure safety monitoring system that is safe for road users and also important to ensure long-term vehicle safety and prevent accidents due to road damage such as potholes, landslides and uneven roads. Most news reports of road accidents are also caused by potholes that are almost 10-30 cm deep, coupled with heavy rainfall that reduces visibility among drivers, significant damage to the suspension system to the vehicle or unnecessary traffic congestion. In this paper, deep learning detection with YOLOv3 algorithm is proposed apart from researches ranging from accelerometer detection, image processing or machine learning based detection as it is easier to develop and provide more accurate results. After pothole has been detected in real-time webcam, the location will be logged and displayed using Google Maps API for visualization. a total of 330 sets of data were sampled for the implementation of the pothole detection training model. As the results, the model provided 65.05 mAP and 0.9 % precision rate and 0.41 recall rate. The limitation of YOLOv3 algorithm detection can be improve further using GPU with higher specification performances and can sample 1000 to 10,000 datasets. The proposed algorithm provides acceptably high precision and efficient pothole monitoring solution under different scenarios for the users and may benefit the public and the government to monitor pothole in real-time.
Progressive low/high-resolution Space Attention Fusion Network for Single Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Zhong Chengzu , Zhou Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The general single image super-resolution methods mainly extract features from the high-resolution (HR) space by the pre-upscaling step at the beginning of the network or from the low-resolution (LR) space before the post-upscaling step at the end of the network. The former way requires high computation as well as misleading the network by wrong artificial priors. The latter way cannot learn mapping well by only conducting simple operations in HR space. In this paper, we aim to utilize the features from LR and HR space more efficiently and propose the novel network, which applies a frequency-slicing mechanism to divide features into LR and HR space, a direction-aware fusion residual group to extract distinctive features in LR space and an attention fusion module to recalibrate features in HR space. The experimental results demonstrate that our model is superior to the state-of-the-art methods upon quantitative metrics and visual quality.