bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size of the Lens Nucleus Separated by Hydrodissection
Authors: Ayaki Masahiko , Ohde Hisao , Yokoyama Noriko 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We measured the extracted central nucleus (diameter and thickness) of 88 eyes (average patient age, 72 years) undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). The average diameter was 6.51 ± 0.75 mm; the average thickness, 2.96 ± 0.33 mm. Since the average lens diameter is approximately 10 mm, a corneoscleral incision of 7 to 8 mm in chord length should be sufficient for its removal in most ECCE cases. Accumulation of these data and further analysis correlating them with age and degree and type of cataract in larger series will be useful in determining the smallest possible incision size required for individual patients.
The Lower-Lid Retractors in Congenital Entropion and Epiblepharon
Authors: Jordan R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of congenital entropion is presented in which the lower-lid crease was lost during entropion surgery, yielding a postoperative condition resembling an epiblepharon. The case suggests that deficiencies in the lower-lid retractor fibers are a key factor in the pathogenesis of both congenital entropion and epiblepharon.
Lamellar Flap Corneal Biopsy
Authors: Hwang David G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A modified technique of corneal biopsy is described that allows a lesion in the deep corneal strema to be accessed for scraping or biopsy while sparing the stromal tissue anterior to the lesion. This technique may be especially valuable in cases of deep corneal pathology in which traditional methods of corneal biopsy risk excessive removal of tissue, which, in turn, can lead to complications such as thinning or perforation.
Wedge Resection for Postkeratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Frucht-Pery Joseph 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twelve patients underwent a modified wedge resection after keratoplasty; 11 of them were followed for 6 to 24 months. The average preoperative astigmatism was 15.40 diopters (range, 12.50 to 22.00 D). The wedge was resected from the donor side and the wound dosed with 10-0 or 11-0 Mersilene sutures. Postoperatively, the average astigmatism was 4.36 D (range, 1.50 to 9.00 D), and the visual acuity, corrected with spectacles, was 20/40 or better in five cases (45%). Complications included high residual astigmatism or irregular astigmatism and extensive scarring due to the use of Mersilene sutures. Overall, modified resection of the wedge is an effective technique for managing postkeratoplasty high astigmatism.
Suture Use in Pediatric Cataract Surgery: A Survey
Authors: Lavrich Judith B , Goldberg David S , Nelson Leonard B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many different sutures have been advocated for use in closing the corneoscleral incision during cataract surgery· We surveyed 354 North American pediatrie ophthalmologists to find out the type of suture they use for pediatrie cataract surgery and any associated complications. Of the sutures indicated in the 244 (69%) surveys returned, 10-0 nylon sutures were the most popular choice despite a relatively large number of related complications and the occasional need for general anesthesia to remove them.
Histopathology of Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty
Authors: Sassani Joseph W , Ritch Robert , McCormick Steven , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Eagle Ralph C , Lavery Kevin , Koster Harry R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the light and electron microscopic findings from two eyes treated with argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) for bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. The patient, a 45-year-old man, died from complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 16 days following ALPI. Ocular pathologic findings included contraction furrow formation and proliferation of fibroblast-like cells, accompanied by collagen deposition on the iris surface, denaturation of stromal collagen, and coagulative necrosis of blood vessels within the anterior two thirds of the iris stroma. These findings suggest that heat shrinkage of collagen may be responsible for the short-term response to ALPI, and that contraction of the fibroblastic membrane may be responsible for its long-term effects. Additionally, the presence of coagulative necrosis of iris blood vessels suggests that overttreatment may result in iris necrosis. To our knowledge this is the first report of the histopathology of ALPI.
Surface Morphology Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Campos Mauro , Trokel Stephen L , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To examine the effects of surface dehydration on corneal surface morphology before and after photorefractive keratectomy, corneas of fresh porcine eyes were deeprthelialized and then immediately fixed or treated according to one of six protocols (four eyes per protocol): dehydrated under the illumination of an operating microscope; dehydrated and then rehydrated with topically applied balanced salt solution; photorefractive keratectomy; photorefractive keratectomy followed by surface dehydration; or photorefractive keratectomy followed by dehydration and subsequent rehydration.
Surface smoothness (S) was measured with an image analysis system. The surfaces of the unablated corneas were smooth (S = 0.992 ± 0.002), and dehydration did not significantly (P = .7) influence the morphology. After ablation, dehydration resulted in apparent fragmentation of the superficial lamellae, with consequent roughening of the surface (P = .0001). Rehydration was only partially successful in reducing surface irregularity. We conclude that corneal dehydration during and following photorefractive keratectomy roughens the corneal surface and should be carefully avoided.
Simplifying Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Guimarães Fernando Cenci , Stabile Sebãstiao R , e Cruz Antonio Augusto Velasco 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a surgical modification for primary scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. The technique keeps intraocular surgical manipulation at a minimum and allows fixation of the lens during accidental rupture of the posterior lens capsule.
Tenonplasty: A New Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Severe Eye Burns
Authors: Kuckelkorn Ralf , Redbrake Claudia , Reim Martin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the acute stage of most severe eye burns, the primary goal is survival of the globe. Initial tissue destruction may lead to extensive necrosis of the conjunctiva and underlying tissue down to the fornices, with resulting ischemia. These circumstances may cause a polymorphonuclear cell response, with resulting corneo-scleral ulceration and early melting of the globe. To reestablish the ocular surface, Tenonplasty was performed as a plastic procedure to reconstruct the conjunctival matrix of the globe up to the limbus.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Vital Tenon's sheets from the orbital region were prepared and advanced up to the limbus to cover the ischemic or ulcerating sclera with healthy, vascularized tissue. Fifty-nine patients with 75 severely burned eyes were treated with this procedure between 1987 and 1994. A total of 243 Tenon's flaps were prepared.
* RESULTS: In all cases, scierai ulcerations were prevented or healed. Epithelialization of the advanced Tenon's sheets was complete within 21 days in 80% of the cases and in all eyes within 54 days. Primary epithelialization of the burned cornea was achieved in approximately 31% of the cases. Fornices were sufficiently deep in about 74%, but severe symblepharon formation occurred in 26% of the cases.
* CONCLUSION: Tenonplasty may be an alternative surgical procedure to transplantation of autologous conjunctival or mucous grafts in restoring the conjunctival surface of the globe in severely burned eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:105-110.]
Endoscopic Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation With a Limbal Approach
Authors: Mora J S , Iwach A G , Gaffney M M , Wong P C , Ngungen N , Ma S A , Dickens C J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Endoscopie diode laser Cyclophotocoagulation with a limbal approach was reviewed retrospectively. The delivery system and procedure used as well as the role of this procedure in the management of glaucoma are discussed.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: An 810-nm pulsed continuous-wave diode laser capable of 1 .2-W output was used. The maximum treatment area is 7 to 8 clock hours with a single limbal incision. Generally, 800 mW were used for less than 1 second, for a total of 0.8 J per treatment.
* RESULTS: Eight eyes of 6 patients were treated. The mean follow-up time for each procedure was 3.2 months (range 1 to 8 months) and for each eye was 5.1 months (range 2 to 8 months). Pre- and postoperative intraocular pressures were determined. Postoperative inflammation was the most common complication.
* CONCLUSION: One reason for the failure of transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation, particularly in congenital glaucoma, may be displacement of the ciliary processes. This displacement does not permit the indirect treatment to reach the appropriate area. Because endoscopie laser Cyclophotocoagulation allows direct visualization, treatment can be accurately applied to individual ciliary processes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:1 18-123.]
Fibrin Sealant in the Management of Complicated Hypotony After Trabeculectomy
Authors: Grewing Ralf , Mester Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the postoperative course of trabeculectomy, hypotony may cause choroidal detachment with shallowing of the anterior chamber. If conservative medical treatment fails, a surgical revision may become necessary. To achieve only a temporary seal of the scierai flap, a subconjunctiva! tamponade with fibrin glue was performed.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients with corneal decompensation as a result of cornea-lens contact complicating hypotony with massive choroidal detachment are described. Hypotony occurred after trabeculectomy in one case and after combined cataract and glaucoma surgery in another case, and was not correlated to a leaking bleb. Temporary tamponade of the scierai flap was achieved by subconjunctival injection of fibrin sealant.
* RESULTS: After the fibrin sealant was applied, the choroidal detachment resolved and intraocular pressure increased to normal. During the follow-up period of 6 months, a functioning bleb developed.
* CONCLUSION: Subconjunctival application of fibrin sealant is effective for temporary closure of the scierai flap after trabeculectomy in eyes with massive hypotony syndrome.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:124-127.]
Capsule Excision After Failed Molteno Surgery
Authors: Välimäki Juha , Tuulonen Anja , Airaksinen P Juhani 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of scar tissue formation requiring surgical intervention after single-plate Molteno implantation and the outcome of excision of the encapsulated bleb.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 95 eyes of 79 consecutive patients who underwent a single-stage Molteno implantation for refractory glaucoma. Fourteen eyes of 12 patients developed an encapsulated bleb. A successful outcome after bleb excision was defined as final intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 22 mm Hg with the same amount of medication as preoperatively or less.
* RESULTS: At the end of the mean follow-up of 30 months (range 8 to 75), the mean IOP (19.7 ± 3.8 mm Hg) after bleb excision was significantly lower than the preoperative IOP (35.2 ± 10.1 mm Hg; P < .001). The overall conventional success rate was 75%.
* CONCLUSION: Excision of the encapsulated Molteno bleb offers an alternative in severely damaged eyes that have undergone several surgical procedures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:382-386.]
Surgical Revision of Glaucoma Shunt Implants
Authors: Tsai James C , Grajewski Alana L , Parrish Richard K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine the efficacy of surgical revision of glaucoma shunt implants in patients with advanced glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 13 patients who underwent revision of their shunt implants were retrospectively reviewed.
* RESULTS: Surgical success was achieved in: 3 of 3 patients (100%) with drainage tube malposition or extrusion; 1 of 6 patients (17%) with occlusion of the intracameral portion of the drainage tube; and 1 of 4 patients (25%) with elevated intraocular pressure secondary to fibrous capsule formation over the implant.
* CONCLUSIONS: Surgical revision of glaucoma shunt implants is a useful procedure in patients who develop tube malposition or extrusion. Surgical revision is much less effective in patients with tube occlusion or fibrous capsule formation. Failure of the shunts due to recurrent fibrosis is commonly observed.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30: 41-46]
Outcome Study of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession for Intermittent Exotropia in Children
Authors: Ing Malcolm R , Nishimura Julie , Okino Lisa 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to report a statistical analysis of the surgical results in a consecutive series of 52 children treated by bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia when the operating surgeon was confronted by an increase in manifestation of the strabismus.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The charts were abstracted for age at initial surgery, quantity of initial deviation, initial refraction, motor alignment at one week, six months, and at the end of the study. The incidence and result of secondary surgery and the incidence of the monofixation syndrome result was also determined.
* RESULTS: Thirty-two (62%) of the patients were successfully aligned at six months by the initial surgery performed for a mean of 25 prism diopters (PD) of preoperative deviation at a mean age of 4 years 8 months. Eleven patients (21%) were undercorrected and 9 patients (17%) were overcorrected at the six month exam. The patients were followed for a mean of 4 years, 4 months. Alignment at 6 months postoperatively was predictive of success by the end of the study, but the age at initial surgery, the size of the deviation, esotropia at 1 week, and initial refraction were not predictive of success. Secondary surgery was performed in 11 patients and the monofìxation syndrome result was found in 5 patients.
* CONCLUSION: Successful alignment was achieved in the majority of children treated by an initial bilateral lateral rectus recession utilizing a currently popular surgical dosage table.10 Long term alignment success was not predicted by esotropia during the first postoperative week or the age at initial surgery but was correlated with the 6-month data. Secondary surgery was performed in 20% and the incidence of the monofixation syndrome was approximately 10% at the end of the study.
[Ophthalmic Surg and Lasers 1999;30:110-117.]
Oral Prednisone in Guarded Filtration Procedures Supplemented with Antimetabolites
Authors: Azuara-Blanco Auguszto , Spaeth George L , Augsburger James J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a three-day course of oral prednisone perioperatively improves the surgical outcome of guarded filtering procedures supplemented with antifibrosis agents.
* DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was designed. Adult patients with non-inflammatory glaucoma undergoing a guarded filtration procedure supplemented with antimetabolite were enrolled. Patients received a three-day course of prednisone (50 mg BID) or placebo perioperatively. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of antiglaucoma medications. Surgical success was defined before data collection according to two different criteria: "success-I": IOP level ≤15 mmHg with no more than one anti-glaucoma medication, and "success-II": IOP reduction of at least 20% of baseline level with no more than one antiglaucoma medication.
* RESULTS: Thirty-five subjects were enrolled. Seventeen patients were treated with prednisone and eighteen with placebo. Mean follow-up was 9.2 months±6.2 months. The probability of success-I at 9 months was 63-0% in the study group and 65-6% in the control groups (p>0.05). The probability of success-II at 9 months was 60.2% in the study group and 55.0% in the control groups, (p>0.05). The difference in frequency of postoperative complications between groups was not statistically significant. The most common complication was choroidal detachment (n=2) in the prednisone-treated group and bleb leak (n=2) in the control group.
* CONCLUSION: The perioperative use of oral prednisone did not alter the surgical outcome of filtering procedures associated with antifibrosis agents in this population of glaucoma patients.
[Ophthalmic Surg and Users 1999;30: 126-132.]
Circumferential Perilimbal Anesthesia for Combined Cataract Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Anderson Charles Joseph 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A topical-subconjunctival anesthesia technique named circumferential perilimbal anesthesia was tested in a consecutive series of 34 combined cataract and glaucoma cases to determine effectiveness in long duration anterior segment surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The circumferential perilimbal technique for combined surgery involved administration of 4% topical Xylocaine drops and injection of 0.25 cc of 4% Xylocaine subconjunctivally 3-4 mm inferior to the limbus. The inferior subconjunctival anesthesia was then spread 360° around the limbus circumferentially with a smooth forceps. The topical and local anesthetic was supplemented by intravenous preoperative and intraoperative sedative and analgesic medications.
* RESULTS: All patients had successful phacoemulsification cataract extraction with intraocular lens combined with rrabeculectomy. Medical records and postoperative interviews of the combined cataractglaucoma cases revealed an average surgery time of 46 minutes (range 35rninutes-60 minutes) and only one incident of patient intraoperative pain.
* CONCLUSION: The circumferential perilimbal technique was an effective anesthesia technique for long duration combined cataract and glaucoma surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:205-207.]
The Effects of Compression Sutures On Filtering Blebs in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Chen Philip P , Takahashi Yasuko , Leen Martha M , Bhandari Anuja , Li Yi , Mills Richard P 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of compression sutures on filtering bleb cellularity in rabbit eyes.
* METHODS: Six New Zealand rabbits had bilateral filtering surgery. In the study eye, on postoperative day 1 4 a 1 0-0 nylon suture was placed that compressed the bleb. Five-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intravenously on days 15, 16, and 18. On day 21 histologie sections of the blebs were obtained. The total cell count was compared to the number of actively dividing cells (marked by anti-BrdU antibody).
* RESULTS: Study eyes had higher total cell counts (/"=.004) on postoperative day 21, but the proportion of proliferating cells was not significantly different (P=. II).
* CONCLUSION: In rabbit eyes, bleb compression sutures were associated with more cellular components in the bleb compared to control eyes, but did not induce a higher level of cellular proliferation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;30:2 16-220.]
Retinal Venous Macroaneurysm Associated With Premacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Khairallah Moncef , Ladjimi Ahmed , Messaoud Riadh , Yahia Selim Ben , Hmidi Kamel , Jenzeri Salah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To report an unusual association of a retinal venous macroaneurysm with premacular hemorrhage in a 50-year-old man, using a case report method. The patient exhibited a dense premacular hemorrhage in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated that the source of bleeding was an isolated retinal venous macroaneurysm. The anterior surface of the hematoma was opened with an argon green laser, resulting in rapid clearing of the premacular hemorrhage and improvement in vision. Treatment of the retina surrounding the macroaneurysm to prevent recurrence of bleeding was ineffective to achieve occlusion of the lesion. No recurrent hemorrhage occurred during the observation period. Retinal venous macroaneurysm, a quite rare condition, may be complicated by premacular hemorrhage. Argon green laser may be useful in treating such hemorrhage.
Hemorrhagic detachment of the internal limiting membrane or subhyaloid hemorrhage in the macula may occur after retinal vessel rupture with physical exertion (Valsalva retinopathy) or in retinal vascular diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and retinal arterial macroaneurysm.1 Arterial macroaneurysms are a common, well-described retinal vascular disorder.1 In contrast to retinal arterial macroaneurysms, retinal venous macroaneurysms are quite rare.2,3 In this article we describe a patient who presented with premacular hemorrhage that was caused by a retinal venous macroaneurysm. The hematoma and the macroaneurysm were treated with argon green laser. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 199930:226-228.]
Phacotrabeculectomy Versus Two-Stage Operation: A Matched Study
Authors: El-Sayyad Fathi F , Helal Magdi H , Khalil Mohamed M , El-Maghraby Mohamed A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens, combined with trabeculectomy (phacotrabeculectomy) in patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 53 consecutive eyes which underwent phacotrabeculectomy and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) were matched and compared with 53 eyes that had trabeculectomy followed by phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (mean interval 3.2 month). The 2 groups were first matched by diagnostic group and subsequently for the closest possible match with other successive variables, including age, gender, race and preoperative glaucoma medications. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, visual acuity, antiglaucoma medications, and surgical success as well as complications were compared in both groups.
* RESULTS: Mean IOP reduction was 14.5±4.1 mmHg in the two-stage group compared to 15.1±3.9 in the phacotrabeculectomy group at 6 months followup (P<0.1) and 13.8±3.9 and 14.6±3.7 respectively at 1 year (P<0.1). Visual acuity and complications were comparable.
* CONCLUSION: Phacotrabeculectomy provides IOP control statistically comparable to two-stage surgery with earlier visual rehabilitation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:260-265.]