bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual design elements of product packaging: Implications for consumers' emotions, perceptions of quality, and price
Authors: Chitturi Ravindra , Londoño Juan C. , Henriquez Maria Cecilia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study used three progressive experiments to isolate two dimensions of bottled water packaging: cap color and bottle shape. The objective of the first experiment was to test how the color of the bottle cap can change consumer preference. We evaluated four cylindrical bottles with different color caps (red, black, blue, and white). Results show that using a blue cap generates substantial positive changes in preference. The goal of the second experiment was to isolate the effect of bottle shape. Of the three bottle forms (cylindrical, squared, and anthropomorphic), the anthropomorphic was preferred. Results show that using a blue cap or an anthropomorphic shape improves preference and quality perceptions. A third experiment compared four price gaps (same price, 5%, 10%, and 20%) for the best versus worst shape and/color combination. In general, increasing the price of the bottle with the best color and shape decreases the choice preference. However, a 20% price increase improves the quality perception and inverts this trend. These results give product designers and marketing managers insights on how use color and shape to gain consumer preference.
Anhydrous Silicophosphoric Acid Glass: Thermal Properties and Proton Conductivity
Authors: Omata Takahisa , Sharma Aman , Suzuki Issei , Ishiyama Tomohiro , Kohara Shinji , Ohara Koji , Ono Madoka , Ren Yang , Zagarzusem Khurelbaatar , Fujioka Masaya , Zhao Gaoyang , Nishii Junji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnhydrous silicophosphoric acid glass with an approximate composition of H5Si2P9O29 was synthesized and its thermal and proton‐conducting properties were characterized. Despite exhibiting a glass transition at 192 °C, the supercooled liquid could be handled as a solid up to 280 °C owing to its high viscosity. The glass and its melt exhibited proton conduction with a proton transport number of ∼1. Although covalent O−H bonds were weakened by relatively strong hydrogen bonding, the proton conductivity (4×10−4 S cm−1 at 276 °C) was considerably lower than that of phosphoric acid. The high viscosity of the melt was due to the tight cross‐linking of phosphate ion chains by six‐fold‐coordinated Si atoms. The low proton conductivity was attributed to the trapping of positively charged proton carriers around anionic SiO6 units (expressed as (SiO6/2)2−) to compensate for the negative charges.
Interfacial Engineering of Metal/Metal Oxide Heterojunctions toward Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jiang Ruibin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) are two very important electrochemical processes for renewable energy conversion and storage devices. Electrocatalysts are needed to accelerate their sluggish kinetics to improve energy conversion efficiencies. Hence, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of OER and ORR electrocatalysts with high activity and stability as well as low cost. Among these developed electrocatalysts, metal/metal oxide heterostructures attract a great deal of research interest because their catalytic performances can be tuned by interface engineering. In this Review, the latest achievements in interface engineering of metal/metal oxides heterostructures toward ORR and OER are described. The effects of the metal/metal oxide interface on catalysis are first discussed. Then, the approaches for interface engineering are illustrated. The developments of interface engineering in OER and ORR catalysis as well as bifunctional electrocatalysis are further introduced. Lastly, a perspective for future development of interface engineering in metal/metal oxide for OER and ORR is discussed.
ACOMAR: ACO‐based MAC‐aware routing protocol
Authors: Mechta Djamila , Mahgoun Oussama , Harous Saad 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this work, we present a new nature‐inspired cross‐layer routing protocol named ACO‐based MAC‐aware routing protocol (ACOMAR). An enhancement of time division multiple access (TDMA) algorithm is proposed where slots allocation algorithm considers the geographical distance between nodes and the sink. The nodes that are far away from the sink have better chance to be scheduled first. This strategy will result in more efficiency than a usual random TDMA schedule. This algorithm uses a metric based on the pheromone's value of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to choose the best next hop with the aim of reducing latency and energy and extending the network lifetime. Comparisons are made between ACOMAR, MAC‐aware routing (MAR) and the latest cross‐layer protocol latency and energy MAC‐aware routing (LEMAR). The experimental results show that ACOMAR outperforms considerably LEMAR by 80%, 20%, 81%, and 54% in latency, energy, hop count, and throughput, respectively. Consequently, ACOMAR is a suitable solution for healthcare applications where WSN‐based critical IoT devices interact quickly in emergence cases (high rate in latency optimization 80%).
A four port circularly polarized printed multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna with enhanced isolation
Authors: Reddy Mekala Harinath , Sheela Divakaran , Swaminath Amgoth 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this article, a four‐port circularly polarized printed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is designed to cover Wi‐Fi/WLAN (5 GHz), Wi‐MAX (3.4–3.6), and C band applications, which consists of four trapezoidal shaped patches with microstrip feed. To achieve high isolation between the ports, the antenna elements are located orthogonally to each other. The antenna elements are separated by placing diagonal lines to further enhance the port isolation. Circular polarization is achieved by modifying the ground plane and trimming the edges of the trapezoidal patch. The proposed MIMO antenna works between 3.2 and 6.2 GHz and has a 63.83% impedance bandwidth (IBW) for S11 ≤ −10 dB. It also offers a good diversity performance with envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.04 and diversity gain of ≈10 dB. The antenna is fabricated on a low‐cost FR4 material with 1.6 mm thickness and has dimensions of 50 mm × 50 mm. This article also clarifies some of the prior literature's misconceptions about MIMO antenna metrics. The measured results show that the proposed MIMO antenna is circularly polarized, has a similar IBW, and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) to the simulated results, and has >25‐dB isolation.
Acute heart failure and iron deficiency: a prospective, multicentre, observational study
Authors: van Dalen Dirk H. , Kragten Johannes A. , Emans Mireille E. , van Ofwegen‐Hanekamp Clara E.E. , Klaarwater Claudia C.R. , Spanjers Mireille H.A. , Hendrick Rémond , van Deursen Cees Th.B.M. , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe prevalence and the natural course of iron deficiency (ID) in acute heart failure (AHF) are still unclear. We investigated the prevalence of ID in unselected patients admitted with AHF on admission, at discharge and up to 3 months thereafter.Methods and resultsIn this prospective, multicentre, observational study, 742 patients admitted with AHF were enrolled. The main study outcome was the percentage of patients with ID (ferritin <100 μg/L = absolute ID or ferritin 100–299 μg/L and transferrin saturation <20% = functional ID) at admission (T0), after clinical stabilization prior to discharge (T1), and 10 ± 6 weeks after discharge (T2). At T0, ID was present in 71.8% of the patients (44.1% absolute and 27.7% functional ID). At T1 and T2, ID was present in 56.4% (32.4% absolute and 24% functional ID) and 50.3% (36.8% absolute and 13.5% functional ID), respectively. Absolute ID persisted from T0 to T2 in 66% of the patients, while functional ID resolved in 56% of the patients. Ferritin (median [interquartile range] 124 μg/L [56–247] to 150 μg/L [73–277]), transferrin saturation (15% [10–20] to 18% [12–27]), and iron levels (9 μmol/L [6–13] to 11 μmol/L [8–16]) increased significantly (all P < 0.001) from T0 to T1. Transferrin saturation (to 21% [15–29]) and iron levels (to 13 μmol/L [9–17]) also increased significantly (both P < 0.01) from T1 to T2 without iron supplementation.ConclusionsIron deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with AHF, but resolves during treatment in some patients, even without iron supplementation. Absolute ID is more likely to persist over time, whereas functional ID often resolves during treatment of AHF, representing probably a reduced iron availability rather than a true deficiency.
Ruthenium Complex Bearing a Hydroxy Group Functionalised N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand – A Universal Platform for Synthesis of Tagged and Immobilised Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Monsigny Louis , Czarnocki Stefan , Sienkiewicz Michał , Kopcha William , Frankfurter René , Vogt Carla , Solodenko Wladimir , Kajetanowicz Anna , Kirschning Andreas , Grela Karol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSix olefin metathesis catalysts, based on a common ruthenium precursor featuring a hydroxy‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, were successfully prepared and fully characterised. As proof‐of‐concept, two of them ([Ru]isonico and [Ru]dmab) were directly immobilised on a solid support. These non‐covalently heterogenised catalysts are efficient in different metathesis reactions and sufficiently stable to be used for repeated runs under batch and continuous flow conditions. In nonpolar media such as n‐hexane, the catalytic character of the metathesis reactions is truly heterogeneous, and the contamination of the products with ruthenium is very low.
Organocatalytic Regio‐ and Enantioselective N‐Alkylation of Isoxazol‐5‐ones
Authors: Liu Meiwen , Qian Chenxiao , Li Pengfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective reaction between 1‐acylamino‐3‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols and isoxazol‐5‐ones has been developed for the first time. With the established protocol, N‐alkylation of isoxazol‐5‐ones was achieved, affording enantioenriched N,N‐acetals in 74–99 % yield with 72–88 % ee.
Adrenal function during long‐term ACTH therapy for patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Ueda Yuki , Fujishige Shuta , Goto Takeru , Kimura Shuhei , Namatame Noriko , Narugami Masashi , Nakakubo Sachiko , Nakajima Midori , Egawa Kiyoshi , Kaneko Naoya , Nakayama Kanako , Hishimura Nozomi , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Nakamura Akie , Shiraishi Hideaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSome patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) respond to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy but relapse soon after. While long‐term ACTH therapy (LT‐ACTH) has been attempted for these patients, no previous studies have carefully assessed adrenal function during LT‐ACTH. We evaluated the effectiveness of LT‐ACTH, as well as adverse effects (AE), including their adrenal function in three DEE patients. Patients underwent a corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test during LT‐ACTH, and those with peak serum cortisol below 15 μg/dL were considered to be at high risk of adrenal insufficiency (AI). Two of three responded, and their life‐threatening seizures with postgeneralized electroencephalogram (EEG) suppression decreased. Although no individuals had serious AE, CRH stimulation test revealed relatively weak responses, without reaching normal cortisol peak level (18 μg/dL). Hydrocortisone replacement during stress was prepared in a case with lower cortisol peak than our cutoff level. LT‐ACTH could be a promising treatment option for cases of DEE that relapse soon after effective ACTH treatment. The longer duration and larger cumulative dosage in LT‐ACTH than in conventional ACTH could increase the relative risk of AI. Careful evaluation with pediatric endocrinologists, including hormonal stimulation tests, might be useful for continuing this treatment safely.
Biodegradable nanoparticles for the treatment of epilepsy: From current advances to future challenges
Authors: Bonilla Lorena , Esteruelas Gerard , Ettcheto Miren , Espina Marta , García María Luisa , Camins Antoni , Souto Eliana B. , Cano Amanda , Sánchez‐López Elena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpilepsy is the second most prevalent neurological disease worldwide. It is mainly characterized by an electrical abnormal activity in different brain regions. The massive entrance of Ca2+ into neurons is the main neurotoxic process that lead to cell death and finally to neurodegeneration. Although there are a huge number of antiseizure medications, there are many patients who do not respond to the treatments and present refractory epilepsy. In this context, nanomedicine constitutes a promising alternative to enhance the central nervous system bioavailability of antiseizure medications. The encapsulation of different chemical compounds at once in a variety of controlled drug delivery systems gives rise to an enhanced drug effectiveness mainly due to their targeting and penetration into the deepest brain region and the protection of the drug chemical structure. Thus, in this review we will explore the recent advances in the development of drugs associated with polymeric and lipid‐based nanocarriers as novel tools for the management of epilepsy disorders.
Recurrent PTBP1::MAML2 fusions in composite hemangioendothelioma with neuroendocrine differentiation: A report of two cases involving neck lymph nodes
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Westra William H. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComposite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) displaying neuroendocrine differentiation is a rare histologic variant that is often mistaken for angiosarcoma, having a predilection for visceral locations and being associated with an aggressive clinical course. Their pathogenesis is still evolving, with only two cases to date from separate studies reporting a recurrent PTBP1‐MAML2 fusion. Herein, we report two new cases of neuroendocrine CHE harboring PTBP1‐MAML2 fusions occurring in two elderly patients (70‐year‐old male and 71‐year‐old female), both involving neck lymph nodes. The first case presented with multifocal cervical lymphadenopathy, while the second case occurred unifocally in an enlarged neck lymph node. Histologically, the tumors displayed heterogenous architectural patterns with areas reminiscent of benign cavernous hemangioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma. Cytologically, the cells were monotonous with round to ovoid nuclei, open to fine chromatin, scant to moderate cytoplasm, and frequent vacuolization. In addition, the first case showed focal solid areas of large epithelioid cells with severe nuclear atypia, enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli, resembling epithelioid angiosarcoma. Tumor cells were diffusely positive for vascular markers and focally positive for synaptophysin. In both cases, a next‐generation sequencing fusion panel confirmed an in‐frame fusion between PTBP1 exon 10 and MAML2 exon 2. One case with clinical follow‐up showed stable recurrent disease and metastatic lung deposits following treatment. Both patients were alive at 3 months and 1 year following initial diagnosis. Our findings lend further support to classifying CHE with PTBP1‐MAML2 fusions as a distinct variant of CHE with unique clinicopathologic features, including neuroendocrine features.
Das Emerald‐Book – Ein Meilenstein auf dem Weg in die Zukunft
Authors: Ertl Hannes , Hechenblaickner Kurt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Emerald Book as a joint work of ITA and FIDIC is the first international standard for contracts in tunnelling and shows the necessity and the need for such regulations. The Geotechnical Baseline Report is the key element and can be combined with Austrian regulations such as ÖN B2203 and the guidelines of the Austrian Society for Geomechanics. Characterised by a balanced risk sharing and embedded in the FIDIC suite, the Emerald Book is an attractive alternative to Central European contracts.
Lithium inhibits tryptophan catabolism via the inflammation‐induced kynurenine pathway in human microglia
Authors: Göttert Ria , Fidzinski Pawel , Kraus Larissa , Schneider Ulf Christoph , Holtkamp Martin , Endres Matthias , Gertz Karen , Kronenberg Golo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite its decades' long therapeutic use in psychiatry, the biological mechanisms underlying lithium's mood‐stabilizing effects have remained largely elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of lithium on tryptophan breakdown via the kynurenine pathway using immortalized human microglia cells, primary human microglia isolated from surgical specimens, and microglia‐like cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Interferon (IFN)‐γ, but not lipopolysaccharide, was able to activate immortalized human microglia, inducing a robust increase in indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO1) mRNA transcription, IDO1 protein expression, and activity. Further, chromatin immunoprecipitation verified enriched binding of both STAT1 and STAT3 to the IDO1 promoter. Lithium counteracted these effects, increasing inhibitory GSK3βS9 phosphorylation and reducing STAT1S727 and STAT3Y705 phosphorylation levels in IFN‐γ treated cells. Studies in primary human microglia and hiPSC‐derived microglia confirmed the anti‐inflammatory effects of lithium, highlighting that IDO activity is reduced by GSK3 inhibitor SB‐216763 and STAT inhibitor nifuroxazide via downregulation of P‐STAT1S727 and P‐STAT3Y705. Primary human microglia differed from immortalized human microglia and hiPSC derived microglia‐like cells in their strong sensitivity to LPS, resulting in robust upregulation of IDO1 and anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. While lithium again decreased IDO1 activity in primary cells, it further increased release of IL‐10 in response to LPS. Taken together, our study demonstrates that lithium inhibits the inflammatory kynurenine pathway in the microglia compartment of the human brain.
Elective neck dissection in salivary gland malignancies: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yan Flora , Lao Wilson P. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Sharma Anand K. , Day Terry A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe defined the occult nodal metastasis (ONM) rate of clinical node‐negative salivary gland malignancies and examined the role of elective neck dissection (END). Meta‐analysis querying four databases, from inception of databases to March 25th, 2020. Fifty‐one studies with 11 698 patients were included. ONM rates were 64% for salivary ductal carcinoma (SDC), 51% for undifferentiated carcinoma, 34% for carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), 32% for adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (ANOS), 31% for lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LE), 20% for mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 17% for acinic cell carcinoma, and 17% for adenoid cystic carcinoma. T3/T4 tumors had a 2.3 times increased risk of ONM than T1/T2 tumors. High‐grade tumors had a 3.8 times increased risk of ONM than low/intermediate‐grade tumors. ONM rates were exceedingly high for T3/T4, high‐grade, and undifferentiated, SDC, ANOS, CXPA, and LE tumors, indicating the potential role of END.
A novel method to reconstruct right recurrent laryngeal nerve by transforming into nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve: The end‐to‐free vagal laryngeal branch end anastomosis
Authors: Hu Jia‐Qian , Yu Peng‐Cheng , Tan Li‐Cheng , Wei Wen‐Jun , Lu Zhong‐Wu , Wang Yu , Ji Qing‐Hai , Wang Yu‐Long 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to demonstrate a novel method for the reconstruction of right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) by transforming into nonrecurrent RLN: the end‐to‐free vagal laryngeal branch end anastomosis. Here we report a case of locally advanced thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent radical thyroid surgery with inevitably partial RLN resection and immediate right RLN reconstruction at our institution. With the guidance of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IOMN), we completed a novel end‐to‐free vagal laryngeal branch end anastomosis. The whole procedure was deliberately monitored by IOMN. Surgeons can procure adequate free nerve for tension‐free anastomosis by transforming the right RLN into nonrecurrent nerve. Follow‐up laryngoscope showed improved adductory movement of the right arytenoid. The end‐to‐free vagal end anastomosis is an effective way to reconstruct segmental nerve resection of right RLN. Its long‐term postoperative result needs to be further warranted.
Frailty, mortality, and health care utilization after liver transplantation: From the Multicenter Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation (FrAILT) Study
Authors: Lai Jennifer C. , Shui Amy M. , Duarte‐Rojo Andres , Ganger Daniel R. , Rahimi Robert S. , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Yao Frederick , Kappus Matthew , Boyarsky Brian , McAdams‐Demarco Mara , Volk Michael L. , Dunn Michael A. , Ladner Daniela P. , Segev Dorry L. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Feng Sandy ,   from the Multi‐Center Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation (FrAILT) Study
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Frailty is a well‐established risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT), but whether it predicts outcomes among those who have undergone LT is unknown.

Approach and Results
Adult LT recipients from 8 US centers (2012–2019) were included. Pre‐LT frailty was assessed in the ambulatory setting using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI). “Frail” was defined by an optimal cut point of LFI ≥ 4.5. We used the 75th percentile to define “prolonged” post‐LT length of stay (LOS; ≥12 days), intensive care unit (ICU) days (≥4 days), and inpatient days within 90 post‐LT days (≥17 days). Of 1166 LT recipients, 21% were frail pre‐LT. Cumulative incidence of death at 1 and 5 years was 6% and 16% for frail and 4% and 10% for nonfrail patients (overall log‐rank p = 0.02). Pre‐LT frailty was associated with an unadjusted 62% increased risk of post‐LT mortality (95% CI, 1.08–2.44); after adjustment for body mass index, HCC, donor age, and donation after cardiac death status, the HR was 2.13 (95% CI, 1.39–3.26). Patients who were frail versus nonfrail experienced a higher adjusted odds of prolonged LT LOS (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.47–2.73), ICU stay (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.12–2.14), inpatient days within 90 post‐LT days (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.25–2.37), and nonhome discharge (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.58–3.97).

Conclusions
Compared with nonfrail patients, frail LT recipients had a higher risk of post‐LT death and greater post‐LT health care utilization, although overall post‐LT survival was acceptable. These data lay the foundation to investigate whether targeting pre‐LT frailty will improve post‐LT outcomes and reduce resource utilization.