bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute human parvovirus B19 infection triggers immune‐mediated transient bone marrow failure syndrome, extreme direct hyperbilirubinaemia and acute hepatitis in patients with hereditary haemolytic anaemias: multicentre prospective pathophysiological study
Authors: Elbadry Mahmoud I. , Khaled Safaa A. A. , Ahmed Nesma M. , Abudeif Ahmed , Abdelkareem Rasha M. , Ezeldin Mohamed , Tawfeek Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

SummaryA total of 244 patients with hereditary haemolytic anaemias (HHA) were screened for acute symptomatic human parvovirus B19 infection (HPV‐B19) in a prospective study. To assess the risks associated with HPV‐B19 infection, patients were classified into Group I and Group II according to presence or absence (symptoms, signs and specific serology) of acute HPV‐B19 infection respectively. In all, 131 (53·7%) patients had β‐thalassaemia, 75 (30·7%) hereditary spherocytosis (HS), 27 (11·1%) sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and 11 (4·5%) glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Of 33 (13·5%) patients who presented with symptomatic HPV‐B19 infection, 19 (57·5%) had HS, nine (27·3%) had β‐thalassaemia and five (15·2%) had SCA. In Group I, there were significant differences in the mean white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet counts, haemoglobin concentration, total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum creatinine (all P < 0·001) compared to Group II. In all, 27 (81·8%) patients had arthropathy and bone marrow failure (BMF); 13 (39·4%) had acute kidney injury (AKI), more in SCA (80%); and 12 (36·4%) patients had hepatitis, more in HS (66·8%). Five (15·2%) patients with HS had BMF, AKI, nervous system involvement and extreme hyperbilirubinaemia (TB range 26·3–84·7 mg/dl). Five (15·2%) patients had haemophagocytic syndrome. Two patients with HS combined with Type‐I autoimmune hepatitis presented with transient BMF. Complete recovery or stabilisation was noted at 12 months in every patient except for one patient with SCA who died during the infection. HPV‐B19 must be suspected and screened in patients with HHA with typical and atypical presentations with careful follow‐up.
Fundamental evolution of all Orthocoronavirinae including three deadly lineages descendent from Chiroptera‐hosted coronaviruses: SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Jacob Machado Denis , Scott Rachel , Guirales Sayal , Janies Daniel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) emerged in humans in 2002. Despite reports showing Chiroptera as the original animal reservoir of SARS‐CoV, many argue that Carnivora‐hosted viruses are the most likely origin. The emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) in 2012 also involves Chiroptera‐hosted lineages. However, factors such as the lack of comprehensive phylogenies hamper our understanding of host shifts once MERS‐CoV emerged in humans and Artiodactyla. Since 2019, the origin of SARS‐CoV‐2, causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), added to this episodic history of zoonotic transmission events. Here we introduce a phylogenetic analysis of 2006 unique and complete genomes of different lineages of Orthocoronavirinae. We used gene annotations to align orthologous sequences for total evidence analysis under the parsimony optimality criterion. Deltacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus were set as outgroups to understand spillovers of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus among ten orders of animals. We corroborated that Chiroptera‐hosted viruses are the sister group of SARS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2 and MERS‐related viruses. Other zoonotic events were qualified and quantified to provide a comprehensive picture of the risk of coronavirus emergence among humans. Finally, we used a 250 SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes dataset to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and Chiroptera‐hosted coronaviruses.
MRI‐enema for the assessment of pelvic intestinal anastomotic integrity
Authors: Worley Guy , Burling David , Corr Alison , Clark Susan , Baldwin‐Cleland Rachel , Faiz Omar , Jenkins John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimAnastomotic leak causes significant morbidity for patients undergoing pelvic intestinal surgery. Fluoroscopic assessment of anastomotic integrity using water‐soluble contrast enema (WSCE) is of questionable benefit over examination alone. We hypothesized that MRI‐enema may be more accurate. The aim of this study was to compare MRI‐enema with fluoroscopic WSCE.MethodPatients referred for WSCE with pelvic intestinal anastomosis and defunctioning ileostomy (including patients with suspected or known leaks) were invited to participate. WSCE and MRI‐enema were undertaken within 48 h of each other. MRI sequences were performed before, during and immediately after the introduction of 400 ml of 1% gadolinium contrast solution per anus. MRI examinations were reported to protocol by two blinded gastrointestinal radiologists. A Likert‐scale patient questionnaire was administered to compare patient experience. Follow‐up was >12 months after ileostomy reversal. Anastomotic leak was determined by unblinded consensus of examination and radiological findings.ResultsSixteen patients were recruited, with a median age of 39 years (range 22–69). Ten were men, 11 had ileoanal pouch formation and five had low anterior resection. Five patients had anastomotic leak identified by MRI and four by WSCE. The radial location of the anastomotic defect was identified in all five patients by MRI versus two on WSCE. MRI revealed additional information including contents of a widened presacral space. Patient experience was equivalent. Eleven patients eventually had ileostomy reversal without complications.ConclusionMRI‐enema is a feasible and tolerable alternative to WSCE and offers greater anatomical detail in the context of pelvic intestinal anastomotic leak. Larger prospective studies are required to define its potential role in the UK National Health Service.
Long‐term changes in the gut microbiota after triple therapy, sequential therapy, bismuth quadruple therapy and concomitant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Chinese children
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ye Ziqing , Wang Yuhuan , Huang Zhiheng , Zheng Cuifang , Shi Jieru , Tang Wenjuan , Zhang Ping , Wang Shengnan , Huang Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported that the administration of 14‐day standard triple therapy (TT), sequential therapy (ST), bismuth‐based quadruple therapy (BT), and concomitant therapy (CT) as the first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese children achieved eradication rates of 74.1%, 69.5%, 89.8%, and 84.6%, respectively. In this follow‐up study, we further evaluated the short‐ and long‐term effects of the four regimens on the gut microbiota in these children.MethodsWe prospectively recruited treatment‐naïve children with H. pylori infection. Fecal samples were collected at week 0, 2, 6, and 52, and alterations in the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsSixty‐three patients participated in this study (16 with TT, 15 with ST, 16 with BT and 16 with CT). At week 2, the alpha diversity (Shannon and Chao 1 index) was significantly reduced in the TT (p = 0.008, p < 0.001), ST (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), BT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and CT groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Some changes persisted in the ST, BT, and CT groups at week 6, and all were restored (expect p = 0.02 with Chao 1 index in the CT group) at week 52. The beta diversity was significantly changed in the BT (p = 0.001) and CT groups (p = 0.001) 2 weeks post‐eradication and restored 1 year after therapy. Immediately after therapy, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was strikingly increased in the ST (p = 0.005), BT (p < 0.001) and CT groups (p < 0.001), and the genus‐level analysis showed that the abundances of 23.1%, 43.3%, 78.6%, and 78% of the bacterial genera in the TT, ST, BT, and CT groups were significantly changed. All these changes returned to almost the pre‐eradication level 1 year post‐eradication.ConclusionEradication of H. pylori infection can lead to transient dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and these changes almost recovered 1 year post‐eradication, which indicates the long‐term safety of H. pylori therapy.
Crisis‐induced behavior: From fear and frugality to the familiar
Authors: Rayburn Steven W. , McGeorge Anthony , Anderson Sidney , Sierra Jeremy J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research uncovers the impact of a multifaceted crisis on consumers' immediate shopping behaviors, short‐term financial spending, and long‐term shopping and spending responses. This longitudinal study adopts a future studies approach to expose consumers' current experiences, expectations of the future, and realized future experiences to understand a pandemic's impact on consumers' collective shopping and spending behaviors. Data were collected at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, during its peak, and as restrictions were being lifted. Findings reveal that consumers adapt their shopping and spending behavior through a crisis in response to constantly shifting environmental stimuli. Consumers moved from fear to frugality and then followed one of two paths—maintaining new crisis‐induced behaviors or, more often, returning to prior familiar consumption behaviors. Retailers and service providers must understand these responses to be able to serve both groups during and after a crisis.
Psychometric analysis of the Nurses’ Professional Values Scale‐3 Arabic version among student nurses
Authors: Alabdulaziz H. , Cruz J.P. , Alasmee N.A. , Almazan J.U. 
Published: April 2021

AimsWe sought to establish the psychometric properties of the Nurses’ Professional Values Scale‐3 Arabic version among student nurses.BackgroundNurses’ professional values are central in the nursing profession; it encompasses principles such as respecting people rights and dignity, compassion, and caring without prejudice.IntroductionThe professional values of student nurses, most specifically in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries, can hardly be studied due of the lack of a valid and reliable measure that is linguistically and culturally acceptable.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we came up with the Arabic version of the tool and tested its psychometric properties among 350 student nurses from two universities in Saudi Arabia.ResultsThe principal component analysis revealed three distinct factors with eigenvalues above 1.00 and with an explained variance of 70.5%. The computed Cronbach’s alpha of the tool was 0.967, while 0.964, 0.960, and 0.886 were computed for activism, caring, and professionalism, respectively. The test‐retest scores (n = 85) revealed an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.827 for the entire scale, 0.826 for the subscale activism, 0.792 for caring, and 0.870 for professionalism.ConclusionsThe Nurses’ Professional Values Scale‐3 Arabic version had sound psychometric properties when used among Saudi student nurses.Implication for NursingThe tool can provide an accurate assessment of the professional values of Saudi nursing students and other Arabic‐speaking student nurses.Implication for Nursing PolicyThe tool can be utilized by nursing and nursing education policymakers in Saudi Arabia and in other Arab countries in guiding the creation of practice and education policies that gears towards improving nurses’ professional values in this part of the world.
Dietary inflammatory potential is associated with poor periodontal health: A population‐based study
Authors: Li An , Chen Yuntao , Schuller Annemarie A. , van der Sluis Luc W.M. , Tjakkes Geerten‐Has E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between dietary inflammatory potential and poor periodontal health.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of participants was performed. NHANES 2011–2014 (n = 7081) and NHANES 2001–2004 (n = 5098) were used as discovery and validation datasets, respectively. The energy‐adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E‐DII) score was calculated for each participant based on 24‐h dietary recalls to assess diet‐associated inflammation. Periodontitis was defined by the CDC/AAP using clinical periodontal parameters. Natural cubic spline was applied to identify any non‐linear associations of the E‐DII score with moderate/severe periodontitis. Furthermore, interaction analyses were performed by age, gender, and race/ethnicity to explore the moderating roles of these factors.ResultsIn the discovery dataset, a non‐linear positive relationship with periodontitis was identified for the E‐DII score (pnon‐linearity < .001) after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with those individuals in the lowest tertile of E‐DII, participants in the highest tertile who consumed a pro‐inflammatory diet were 53% more likely to be periodontitis (OR tertile3vs1 = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.33–1.77). The validation dataset showed similar associations. Relatively stronger associations were seen in older adults and males.ConclusionConsuming a pro‐inflammatory diet indicated by the E‐DII score is associated with periodontal disease in the U.S. general adult population.
Oral health‐related quality of life during supportive periodontal therapy: results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mendez Marina , Angst Patricia Daniela Melchiors , Oppermann Rui Vicente , van der Velden Ubele , Gomes Sabrina Carvalho 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimAssessment of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) during a randomized controlled trial of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) consisting of oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions only (test) or in conjunction with subgingival instrumentation (control).MethodsOHIP‐14 was assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Data from 62 participants (50.97 ± 9.26 years, 24 smokers) were analysed by GEE and Logistic regression. OHIP‐14 means, effect size, floor and ceiling effect and minimal important difference were calculated. Sum of OHIP‐14 (severity), numbers of responses (extent) “fairly often” (FO) or “very often” (VO) and percentage of people (prevalence) reporting FO or VO were computed.ResultsAt baseline, low scores of OHIP‐14 were observed for test (7.67 ± 9.27) and control (6.51 ± 7.47) with a decreasing trend during SPT, without differences between or intra‐groups over time. At 6 months, a difference was observed in the OHIP‐14 prevalence (p = .03), without differences in severity and extent. Smoking status and plaque >15% (moderate oral hygiene) at 24 months were associated with higher OHIP‐14 prevalence scores at that point of time (p = .038 and p = .034, respectively).ConclusionPatients submitted to two different modalities of SPT maintained low OHIP‐14 scores over 2 years of care.
Whitening effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide in simulation of tooth with orthodontic bracket
Authors: Silvestre Clarissa Ferraz , Rêgo Dayane Bezerra , Arruda Carolina Noronha Ferraz de , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri , Regis Rômulo Rocha , Negreiros Wagner Araújo de , Peixoto Raniel Fernandes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the color change and tooth whitening perception in 2 and 3 mm dental specimens simulating the orthodontic bracket for a 14‐day period.Materials and methodsForty bovine tooth fragments (8 × 7 mm) of 2 mm (G2, n = 20) and 3 mm (G3, n = 20) were divided into Control (C: without bracket simulation and whitening) and Experimental (E: with composite resin simulating orthodontic bracket cementation area). Analyses of color change (ΔE00) and perception of tooth whitening (WID) were performed before (T0) and after (T1) the first bleaching session; before (T2) and after (T3) the second bleaching session; and after 7 days of the second bleaching session (T4).ResultsAfter 14 days (T4), ΔE00 and WID showed similarity results, except for G2C and G3E. The thickness did not influence the ΔE00 and WID (G2C = G3C and G2E = G3E). The presence of orthodontic bracket did not interfere in the color change or tooth whitening perception after 14 days, except for comparison of G2C and G3E. Additionally, dentin thickness did not influence the color change.Clinical significanceTeeth with orthodontic brackets showed similar color change and whitening perception to teeth without orthodontic bracket, but it is not influenced by dentin thickness.
Date of marine annulus formation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and implications for retrospective growth analyses using scales
Authors: Carlson Lindsay G. , Sheehan Timothy F. , Tillotson Michael D. , Mills Katherine E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFish scales have increasingly been used to quantify annual and seasonal growth trends and in efforts to relate growth to environmental conditions. Understanding the timing of formation of an annulus (a group of narrowly spaced circuli) is critical when assessing the influence of marine ecosystem conditions on seasonal growth patterns of Atlantic salmon, yet the literature does not provide consistent answers regarding the timing or drivers of marine annulus formation. This study demonstrates a novel method for estimating stock‐specific annulus formation timing based on marked individuals with known emigration and return/recovery dates. An equation was applied to estimate the date of annulus completion for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using known dates, number of circuli after the most recent annulus and marine circulus deposition rate. Five marine circulus deposition rate scenarios were tested, some of which accounted for individual, seasonal and age‐related variability and others which use previously published marine circulus deposition rates. Based on these results, an argument is presented to reconsider the practice of assigning annulus formation dates to winter solstice in favour of dates estimated by a scenario that accounts for individual, seasonal and age‐related variation in circulus deposition. This scenario suggests that annulus formation occurs between mid‐February and late March. In this case, the annulus would be formed during the coldest part of the year in the primary overwintering area for North American Atlantic salmon.
The role of doctoral‐educated nurses in the clinical setting: Findings from a scoping review
Authors: Dobrowolska Beata , Chruściel Paweł , Markiewicz Renata , Palese Alvisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo map and summarise published studies on the career opportunities and roles of doctoral‐educated (PhD and DNP) nurses in the clinical setting; to collate actions as proposed in the literature to promote career opportunities and roles for PhD and DNP nurses in the clinical setting.BackgroundTo improve healthcare outcomes and strengthen leadership in nursing practice, there is the need to place nurses with a doctorate in clinical settings. However, available evidence has never been summarised to map the state of the science in this field.DesignA scoping review, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for scoping reviews statement (PRISMA‐ScR).MethodsAn electronic database of literature was searched by accessing CINAHL Complete and Medline (on EBSCO Host) and SCOPUS to identify studies published between January 2009–December 2019. A thematic analysis was performed by identifying emerging patterns in the research questions.ResultsTen studies were found with three types of clinical engagement: (a) a practice influencer/developer; (b) a clinical leader; and (c) a clinical teacher for students. Working in clinical areas, doctoral‐educated nurses might influence several outcomes at the patient, research, staff and organisational levels.ConclusionsClinical roles for doctoral‐educated nurses are still uncommon. However, in the last ten years, a debate has started to identify the possible careers in clinical settings, the needs and the challenges encountered while developing clinical academic roles, as well as the outcomes and actions that should be undertaken.Relevance to clinical practiceAcademic nursing bodies, working with professional bodies and healthcare institutions at different levels, are called on to develop career frameworks, allowing the opportunity for doctoral‐educated nurses to be involved in clinical practice and to influence its quality and performance; this might in turn lead to an increase in the quality of research.
Effects of an activity tracker with feedback on physical activity in women after midline laparotomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: No Jae Hong , Kim Kidong , Kim Yong Beom , Suh Dong Hoon , Yang Eun Joo , Hwang Hee , Yoo Sooyoung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the use of an activity tracker with feedback increases physical activity and is safe in patients who underwent a midline laparotomy for gynecologic disorders.MethodsPatients who were planned to undergo a midline laparotomy for gynecologic diseases wore an activity tracker at baseline and from postoperative days 1–6. Patients in the experimental arm could monitor their step counts and were encouraged to achieve the individualized step‐count goal daily. In contrast, patients in the control arm did not monitor their step‐counts and received the usual encouragement for ambulation. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the average step‐count at postoperative days 4–5 divided by the baseline activity count.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were randomized; 63 patients underwent a surgery and wore an activity tracker; 53 patients were evaluable for primary endpoint. The activity recovery rate was significantly higher in the experimental arm compared to the control arm (71% vs 41%, p < 0.01). However, the study arm was not significantly associated with the activity recovery rate in multivariate analysis. The brief pain inventory score, brief fatigue inventory score, day of first flatus, day of soft blend diet initiation, ileus incidence, and length of postoperative hospital stay were similar between arms. The incidence of wound dehiscence and other adverse events were similar between arms. There were no grade 3 of 4 adverse events.ConclusionThe use of an activity tracker with feedback is safe and may increase physical activity in patients who have undergone major gynecologic surgery.