bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Management in High-Density High-Power Electronics Modules Using Thermal Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Paul Riya , Deshpande Amol , Luo Fang , Fan Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tremendous effort is going on towards the packaging of power electronics modules to reduce the parasitic impedances and in turn, the voltage spikes during switching transients of power devices. The heat dissipated in terms of switching losses for high frequency applications need to be eliminated further to have some flexibility regarding the layout and, for the safe functioning of a power module by reducing junction temperature. Thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG), with its high basal-plane thermal conductivity along the vertical direction helps direct heat towards the module bottom (cooling system), whereas its extremely low through-plane thermal conductivity along the horizontal direction guarantees minimum heat coupling among devices placed on the substrate surface. FEA simulations to verify thermal benefits of TPG and experimental results have been shown in this work which validates the junction temperature drop of up to 17 °C when using TPG as substrate and heat spreader compared with traditional materials.
High Heat Resistant Peelable Temporary Bonding Film and New Debonding System with Xe Flash Light Irradiation
Authors: Akasu Yuta , Miyazawa Emi , Enomoto Tetsuya , Oyama Yasuyuki , Sobue Shogo , Furutani Ryoji , Nakamura Yuki , Kawamori Takashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We have developed a new temporary bonding film (TBF) and new debonding system with Xe flash light irradiation, named photonic release system, for advanced package assembly process. Since new TBF has a high Tg over 200 °C after curing and shows good chemical resistance to developer, resist stripper, and plating chemicals, no delamination, voiding, and swelling were observed after thermal and chemical treatment in the bonded structure of wafer and glass carrier. In addition, by adopting a metal-sputtered glass carrier, wafer could be debonded by Xe flash light irradiation in less than 1 ms through the glass carrier with no damage. Residual TBF on the wafer surface could be peeled off smoothly at ambient temperature without residue on the wafer. In this research, we also demonstrated the good applicability of this temporary bonding film to the typical packaging process by using test vehicle including 12 inch mold wafer and the advantage of photonic release system.
Case Report: Iliopsoas Hematoma during the Clinical Course of Severe COVID-19 in Two Male Patients
Authors: Nakamura Hideta , Ouchi Gen , Miyagi Kazuya , Higure Yuuri , Otsuki Mariko , Nishiyama Naoya , Kinjo Takeshi , Nakamatsu Masashi , Tateyama Masao , Kukita Ichiro , Fujita Jiro 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAnticoagulation plays a major role in reducing the risk of systematic thrombosis in patients with severe COVID-19. Serious hemorrhagic complications, such as intracranial hemorrhage, have also been recognized. However, intra-abdominal hemorrhage is under-recognized because of its rare occurrence, despite high mortality. Here, we discuss two cases of spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma (IPH) likely caused by anticoagulants during the clinical course of COVID-19. We also explored published case reports to identify clinical characteristics of IPH in COVID-19 patients. The use of anticoagulants may increase the risk of lethal IPH among COVID-19 patients becsuse of scarce data on optimal dosage and adequate monitoring of anticoagulant effects. Rapid diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to ensure good patient outcomes.
Evaluation of Lactate in Diﬀerentiating Pyogenic and Non-Pyogenic Meningitis
Authors: Mehul K. Patel  , Hitesh J. Patel  
Published: January 2021

Background : Meningitis is serious and a life-threatening condition among any age group associated with serious mortality and morbidity. The objective of the present research was to assess the efficiency of CSF lactate in differentiating bacterial/ pyogenic from non-pyogenic meningitis. Subjects and Methods: A hospital-based one-year prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. The study was performed at the department of General medicine for a period of one year. All the cases suspected of meningitis above 18 years of age irrespective of sex were admitted and clinically evaluated. The Diagnosis of meningitis was made on account of various clinical symptoms and signs. Like headache, nausea, presence of kernig’s sign, altered sensorium, cranial nerves palsies, hemiparesis, seizures, etc, Results: The mean total cell count was highest in cases of pyogenic meningitis with a mean of 840.50 and SD of 112.30 than viral and tubercular meningitis. However, no statistical significance was associated with total count and types of meningitis. (P> 0.05) Lactate levels of the CSF were elevated than normal in both pyogenic and tubercular than viral, however, the mean CSF lactate was higher in pyogenic than tubercular. A clear statistical significance was observed in CSF sugar/blood glucose ratio and CSF lactate levels in this study (p 0.05). Conclusion: CSF lactate level is a rapid, quite inexpensive and unpretentious process, important diagnostic indicator in the premature demarcation of pyogenic meningitis and tubercular meningitis from viral meningitis, serving in the premature organization of proper action and diminishing transience and impediments. Early detection may help in early decision on the type and institution of appropriate management could reduce the mortality and morbidity of meningitis.
Comparative Study of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Adnexal Masses
Authors: Narikelapu Nitya  , Rama Krishna Rao Baru  
Published: January 2021

Background: Current study aimed to assess the role of ultrasound and MRI in the evaluation of adnexal mass lesions and comparison with clinical outcomes. Subjects & Methods: A total of 30 suspected adnexal mass detected on ultrasonography was performed MRI, and accuracy of both USG and MRI were compared with histopathology. Results: Abdominal pain was predominantly confined to the lower abdomen in13 of 30 cases (43.3%). On USG total number of benign lesions was 19, and the total number of malignancies was 11. However, on MRI, 21 cases were mild, and 9 cases were malignant. six cases were diagnosed as malignant in ultrasound. In these six cases, two cases were serous cystadenocarcinoma, two were mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, one was serious papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube, and one was a malignant tubo-ovarian mass. MRI accurately diagnosed 4 indeterminate cases that correlated with the histopathology report. 9 malignant lesions were diagnosed as malignant by MRI were 3 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma, 2 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 1 case of malignant tubo-ovarian mass, 1 case of endometrioid carcinoma, 1 case of serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube and 2 cases of malignant sex cord-stromal neoplasms. Both the cases of serous cystadenomas were correctly diagnosed as benign lesions on both ultrasound and MRI. There were 2 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, which were accurately diagnosed as malignant on both USG and MRI due to the presence of solid components, mural thickening. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of USG were 36.6%, 94% and 55% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI were 81.80%, 94.7%, and 65.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The best agreement was observed between MR findings and diagnosis in origin, tissue content, and tissue characteristics. Sonography had a weak correlation in context to the definitive diagnosis for the origin and tissue content of a mass.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMA 5 DI SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE DISKUSI
Authors: RIMAN RIMAN 
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini yaitu proses pembelajaran yang monoton, kurang melibatkan aktivitas siswa dalam melakukan kerja ilmiah yang mengakibatkan siswa jenuh dan kesulitan dalam memahami pelajaran sehingga hasil belajar siswa rendah. Selain itu, konsepsi awal siswa kurang diperhatikan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar sehingga seringkali terjadi miskonsepsi pada siswa. Metode diskusi dijadikan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Rumusan masalah secara umum dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada konsep cahaya dengan menerapkan metode diskusi. Tujuan umum pada penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada konsep cahaya dengan menerapkan metode diskusi. Penelitian ini memakai metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang terdiri dari tiga siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu pedoman observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode diskusi dalam pembelajaran tema 5 materi sifat-sifat cahaya dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil observasi yang terdapat pada lembar observasi menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas siswa meningkat tiap siklusnya. Hasil belajar siswapun meningkat yaitu: pada siklus I rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa sebesar 67.59 dengan ketuntasan belajar 55,56%, dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 78,22 dengan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 85,19%. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar siswa meningkat dengan menerapkan metode diskusi dalam pembelajaran materi sifat-sifat cahaya. Rekomendasi ditujukan untuk kepala sekolah, guru, dan peneliti selanjutnya, guna memberikan motivasi dan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di masa depan.
ANALYSIS OF THE ANTICIPATED AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF MEGA SPORTING EVENTS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A CASE OF THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN QATAR
Authors: Khalifa Nasser AL-Dosari 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study sought to analyse and determine which of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals will be impacted by the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar.
Methodology: To achieve this, the study adopted an innovative approach and used ordinary linear regression as opposed to conventional logic models applied for such studies. The quantitative data collected was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages as well as measures of central tendency such the mean. The target population that gave this data comprised of 100 respondends from the Qatari population, who were clustered into six categories through a multistage sampling design. The clusters included; migrant workers, Qatari nationals working with the government or the private sector, business people, experts in matters related to the SDGs under study, Government departments, and private practitioners such as lawyers.
Findings:The study found that respondents anticipate and cited possible Sustainable Development Goals that will be achieved as a result of preparation and actual hosting of the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar. These Goals were; Better Health and Wellbeing of all, Gender Equality, Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work for all, Improved Infrastructure, Promotion of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialisation and Fostering Innovation, Peace and Justice for all), and Partnerships as a means of achieving the SDGs.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:The study recommends that Qatar should leverage on the advantage of being World Cup hosts to achieve these sustainable Development Goals, and even more.
Suplementasi Tepung Jagung Dalam Ransum Meningkatkan Kualitas Daging Sapi Bali
Authors: Suryani Ni Nyoman , Suarna I Wayan , Mahardika I Gede , Sarini Ni Putu 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan: Studi ini dilaksanakan untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas sapi bali sehingga mampu menghasilkan daging dengan kualitas yang baik.
Metode penelitian: Percobaan menggunakan perlakuan yang terdiri atas: Perlakuan A: Sapi yang diberikan pakan rumput gajah + konsentrat 1,5% dari berat badan; Perlakuan B: Sapi yang diberikan pakan rumput gajah + 1,5% konsentrat dari berat badan dan 1 kg tepung jagung; Perlakuan C: Sapi yang diberikan pakan rumput gajah + konsentrat 1,5% dari berat badan dan 1,5 kg tepung jagung; dan Perlakuan D: Sapi yang diberikan pakan rumput gajah + konsentrat 1,5% dari berat badan dan 2 kg tepung jagung. Pakan konsentrat diberikan dua kali pada pagi dan sore hari, sedangkan pakan hijauan diberikan dalam keadaan segar setelah diberikan pakan konsentrat.
Temuan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase karkas hasil penelitian ini cukup tinggi yakni mencapai 55%, susut masak daging sapi berkisar antara 33,27 – 35,49. Ada kecenderungan meningkatnya daya ikat air dan menurunnya susut masak. Warna, keempukan, dan citarasa daging sapi bali hasil penelitian ini lebih disukai dibandingkan daging sapi import maupun sapi lokal yang dibeli di pasaran.
Implikasi: Sapi bali adalah salah satu komuditas unggulan Provinsi Bali. Kualitas daging sapi bali sampai saat ini masih memerlukan upaya peningkatan. Kualitas daging sapi bali yang dipelihara dengan manajemen yang baik, secara fisik dan hedonik tidak berbeda dengan daging sapi import.
Study of Problem Identification and Solution for Handling the Housing Stimulant Grant Program in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Muncan Village, Bali
Authors: Juniartini Ni Luh Putu , Suwantara I Ketut , Setiawan I Nyoman Anom Fajaraditya 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The housing rehabilitation program for low-income people is carried out by the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. Muncan Village is one of the areas that received 2020 house rehabilitation assistance (BSPS) for Karangasem Regency.
Research methods: Preventive measures are needed, especially for the Field Facilitator Team as the front guard, so that the BSPS program channelled adequately. The key to smooth distribution, in addition to the precise mechanism, must also follow the government's recommendations and implement health protocols.
Findings: Constraints on distribution activities, starting from November 2019 to the initial process in April 2020. Field constraints, social aspects, education, and the community's situation become challenges in these activities. But beginning in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic made the distribution of aid even more complicated with adjustments to the rules and recommendations of the government in conducting activities.
Implications: Additional mission the field team to accelerate the handling of the pandemic, an appeal about anticipating COVID-19 also needs to convey. Strategies related to initiatives provide a masker for beneficiaries to foster protocol awareness and motivation regarding applicable rules.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Kontekstual (CTL) dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Sains Kelas VI di MIS Al-Yaminy Dompu Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Runa  
Published: January 2021

Keberhasilan mutu pendidikan tergantung dari berbagai faktor antara lain siswa itu sendiri, materi pelajaran, guru dan orang tua, strategi belajar yang disiapkan oleh guru. Dalam mengajarkan terutama pada mata pelajaran IPA Sains dibutuhkan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai seperti pendekatan pembelajaran CTL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual (CTL) dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Sains Kelas VI di MIS Al-Yaminy Dompu Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain tindakan kelas (Clasroom Action Research) dan di singkat PTK. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar kelas VI. Pada siklus I daya serap siswa sebesar 57,60% dan secara klasikal 33,33% (kategori cukup). Pada siklus II, ada peningkatan daya serap siswa sebesar 68,60% dan secara klasikal 73,33% (kategori baik) sedangkantindakan siklus III, ada peningkatan daya serap siswa sebesar 75,13% dan secara klasikal 86,67% (kategori baik) dari siklus II. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual (CTL) efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Sains Kelas VI di MIS Al-Yaminy Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Kolaborasi Strategi Reading Aloud Dan Two Stay Two Stray sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Minat dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas VII A SMP Negeri 3 Taliwang
Authors: Suhada  
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray.
Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan subyek dan sumber data siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 3 Taliwang tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan jumlah siswa 29 orang. Desain penelitian metode alur dari Kemmis dan Taggart dengan model siklus. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Prosedur analisis data menggunakan analisis model interaktif dari Milles dan Huberman.
Berdasarkan analisis hasil tes dan temuan dalam refleksi-evaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran, dapat disimpulkan bahwa; 1) melalui prosedur dan langkah-langkah yang sesuai, penggunaan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray dapat meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, 2) Penerapan kolaborasi strategi ini meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan nilai pada aspek kegiatan siswa yang menunjukan minat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran yaitu: a) membaca keras, b) menyimak bacaan, c) fokus perhatian, d) kerjasama, e) usaha mencari jawaban, dan f) presentasi, 3) Prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan penerapan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray dalam pembelajaran mempunyai kecenderungan semakin meningkat pada setiap siklus. Persentase dan jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai di atas KKM mencapai 75%, 4) Persepsi siswa terhadap penggunanaan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini sangat positif, siswa sangat senang dan sangat berminat jika strategi ini digunakan pada penyajian materi dan mata pelajaran selain Bahasa Inggris. Kolaborasi strategi ini sangat efektif meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa apabila dalam pembelajaran dipahamkan tentang langkah-langkah kegiatan penggunaan strategi ini, guru membimbing siswa yang menemui kesulitan dalam proses pembelajaran, dan pada akhir pelajaran diberikan tes evaluasi serta merefleksi kegiatan pembelajaran
Efektivitas Mozaik Bahan Alam (Sisik Ikan) terhadap Motorik Halus Anak di TK Jabal Rahmah Padang
Authors: Rulmalia Rici , Zulminiati Zulminiati 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas mozaik bahan alam (sisik ikan) terhadap motorik halus anak di taman kanak-kanak jabal rahmah padang. Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan jenis eksperimen atau penelitian quashi eksperimental (eksperimen semu ) dengan mengunakan mozaik bahan alam (sisik ikan)hasil penelitian ini di peroleh nilai rata-rata nilai yang di peroleh dari kelas eksperimen yang mengunakan mozaik bahan alam (sisik ikan) lebih tinggi (82,50) dibandingkan kelas kontrol yang mengunakan mozaik kulit kerang (73,12). Berdasarkan perhitungan t-test di peroleh bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motorik halus.
Quantitative imaging of volcanic SO2 plumes using Fabry–Pérot interferometer correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Fuchs Christopher , Kuhn Jonas , Bobrowski Nicole , Platt Ulrich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We present first measurements with a novel imaging technique for atmospheric
trace gases in the UV spectral range. Imaging Fabry–Pérot interferometer
correlation spectroscopy (IFPICS) employs a Fabry–Pérot interferometer
(FPI) as the wavelength-selective element. Matching the FPI's distinct, periodic
transmission features to the characteristic differential absorption structures
of the investigated trace gas allows us to measure differential atmospheric
column density (CD) distributions of numerous trace gases with high spatial
and temporal resolution. Here we demonstrate measurements of sulfur dioxide
(SO2), while earlier model calculations show that bromine monoxide
(BrO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are also possible. The high
specificity in the spectral detection of IFPICS minimises cross-interferences
to other trace gases and aerosol extinction, allowing precise determination of
gas fluxes. Furthermore, the instrument response can be modelled using
absorption cross sections and a solar atlas spectrum from the literature,
thereby avoiding additional calibration procedures, e.g. using gas cells. In a
field campaign, we recorded the temporal CD evolution of SO2 in the
volcanic plume of Mt. Etna, with an exposure time of 1 s and
400×400 pixel spatial resolution. The temporal resolution of the time
series was limited by the available non-ideal prototype hardware to about
5.5 s. Nevertheless, a detection limit of 2.1×1017 molec cm−2 could be reached, which is comparable to
traditional and much less selective volcanic SO2 imaging techniques.
Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique
Authors: Oliveira Bruna R. F. , Schaller Carsten , Keizer J. Jacob , Foken Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wildfires typically affect multiple forest ecosystem services, with carbon sequestration being affected both directly, through the combustion of
vegetation, litter and soil organic matter, and indirectly, through perturbation of the energy and matter balances. Post-fire carbon fluxes
continue to be poorly studied at the ecosystem scale, especially during the initial window of disturbance when changes in environmental conditions can be
very pronounced due to the deposition and subsequent mobilization of a wildfire ash layer and the recovery of the vegetation. Therefore, an
eddy-covariance system was installed in a burnt area as soon as possible after a wildfire that had occurred on 13 August 2017 and has been
operating from the 43rd post-fire day onwards. The study site was specifically selected in a Mediterranean woodland area dominated by maritime pine stands with a low stature that had burned at high severity. The carbon fluxes recorded during the first post-fire hydrological year tended to be very low so that a specific procedure for the analysis and, in
particular, gap filling of the eddy-covariance data had to be developed. Still, the carbon fluxes varied noticeably during the first post-fire year,
broadly revealing five consecutive periods. During the rainless period after the wildfire, fluxes were reduced but, somewhat surprisingly, indicated
a net assimilation. With the onset of the autumn rainfall, fluxes increased and corresponded to a net emission, while they became insignificant with
the start of the winter. From the midwinter onwards, net fluxes became negative, indicating a weak carbon update during spring followed by a strong
uptake during summer. Over the first post-fire year as a whole, the cumulative net ecosystem exchange was −347 g C m−2, revealing a
relatively fast recovery of the carbon sink function of the ecosystem. This recovery was mainly due to understory species, both resprouter and
seeder species, since pine recruitment was reduced. Specific periods during the first post-fire year were analyzed in detail to improve process understanding. Perhaps most surprisingly, dew
formation and, more specifically, its subsequent evaporation were found to play a role in carbon emissions during the rainless period immediately
after fire, involving a mechanism distinct from degassing the ash–soil pores by infiltrating water. The use of a special wavelet technique was
fundamental for this inference.