bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on the Pattern of Skin Diseases Attending Different Dermatology Department of Public Hospitals Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Haq Noman Ul , Sehar Tabassum , Tahir Maria , Shah Yasmin , Nasim Aqeel , Batool Fakhra , Saood Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: The study was conducted to determine the pattern of skin diseases affecting by the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients visiting the dermatology department of public hospitals in Quetta, Pakistan.
Methodology: The prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken using a self prepapred proforma to compile the data while interviewing the patients attending the Dermatology Department of two public hospitals of Quetta, Pakistan, in order to determine the relationship between the demographic characteristics of patients and pattern of skin diseases.
Results: A total of 503 patients were enrolled in the study. Majority of the participants (33.8%) were categorized in the age group of 21-30 years. The most common patterns of skin diseases seen in outpatient department were eczema (21.5%), scabies (19.7%) and bacterial infections (12.7%). Inferential statistics revealed a significant relationship (p=0.001) between pattern of skin diseases and age, education, house occupancy, location and living standards of the study participants. Most of the patients were found to be living in a combined family system (65.6%), with poor living standards (81.7%) and uneducated (51.1%).
Conclusion The current study presented that eczema and infectious diseases were the most common pattern of skin diseases in Quetta and they are significantly related with socio-demographics of the patients so it can be concluded that better health education, maintaining personal hygiene, and improvement in the standard of living may aid a lot in managing and preventing the common skin diseases.
PENGARUH MUTU MATERIAL BETON TERHADAP EFISIENSI BIAYA PEMBANGUANAN GEDUNG BERTINGKAT
Authors: Liang Arie Marselino , Koespiadi Koespiadi 
Published: May 2021

Beton bertulang adalah suatu campuran yang terdiri dari pasir, batu pecah, atau agregat-agregat lain yang dicampur menjadi satu dengan suatu pasta yang terbuat dari semen dan air yang membentuk suatu masa mirip batuan. Sifat dari beton yaitu kuat terhadap tekan dan lemah terhadap tarik, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan tulangan baja untuk melengkapi kelemahan dari beton tersebut yang lemah terhadap tarik, yang mana sifat dari tulangan baja itu sendiri adalah kuat terhadap tarik. Beton bertulang mempunyai ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap api dan air, bahkan merupakan bahan struktur yang baik untuk struktur bangunan yang banyak bersentuhan dengan air. Pada peristiwa dengan intensitas rata-rata, batang-batang struktur dengan ketebalan penutup beton yang memadai sebagai pelindung tulangan. Material beton bertulang ini bisa dibuat dari bahan-bahan lokal yang murah, seperti pasir, kerikil, dan air, dan relatif hanya membutuhkan sedikit semen dan tulangan baja Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah merencanakan dan menganalisa dimensi kolom, balok dan pelat terhadap gedung bertingkat tujuh lantai. Serta, menganalisa dan membandingkan bermacam-macam mutu beton terhadap biaya yang ditimbulkan, Mutu beton tersebut yang diteliti antara lain K-300, K-350, K400, K-500. Dari keempat mutu beton yang diteliti manakah yang paling murah. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan mutu beton dengan harga yang paling murah adalah mutu beton K-300.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH STRAPPING BAND dan STYROFOAM dengan MENGGUNAKAN PASIR MOJOKERTO untuk BATA RINGAN
Authors: Zuraidah Safrin , Sujatmiko Bambang , Gualdin F Jeremias 
Published: May 2021

Limbah strapping band dan styrofoam dari bekas kemasan untuk makanan dan pengikat kemasan elektronik saat ini banyak digunakan di pusat pembelanjaan, hal ini akan berdampak terhadap pencemaran lingkungan , karena limbah strapping band dan styrofoam yang berbahan dasar plastik dan sulit diurai oleh tanah. Dalam rangka mengurangi limbah yang berbahan plastic untuk menjaga pelestarian lingkungan dengan upaya memanfaatkan limbah tersebut sebagai bahan penyusun dalam campuran bata ringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pemamfaatan limbah fiber strapping band dan styrofoam untuk campuran penyusun bata ringan dengan menguji terhadap Kuattekan dan berat volume bata ringan. Dalam penelitian ini penambahan fiber Strapping Band dengan panjang 40 mm dan 50 mm dan komposisi0%, 3%, 6%, 9% terhadap berat semen, styrofoam 20 % dan foam agent 0,6 l/m3. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium material beton. Benda uji Berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm dengan jumlah benda uji 72 untuk pengujian kuat tekan, kuat tarikbelah dan Berat Volume pada umur 21 dan 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian ,terjadi peningkatan terhadap kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah , sedangkan berat volume mengalami penurunan yang signifikan setelah penambahan serat fiber strapping band, Kuat tekan maksimum terjadi pada komposisi serat fiber strapping band 9% sebesar 7,445 Mpa (meningkat139,4%) dan kuat tarik belah sebesar 0,94 Mpa (meningkat54,1%), sedangkan berat volume hasilnya 1421 kg/m3 (lebihringan2,34%), bila dibandingkan dengan bata ringan tanpa serat. Berat volume standart beton ringan antara 600 - 1600 kg/m3
PENGOLAHAN AIR HUJAN UNTUK KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH DENGAN METODE RAINWATER HARVESTING DI KAMPUNG KRANGKENG KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Chayati Cholilul , P Dani Andhika 
Published: May 2021

Kampung Krangkeng merupakan salah satu daerah yang sering mengalami kekeringan di waktu musim kemarau.kondisi ini membuat daerah tersebut mengalami krisis air bersih untuk memenuhi kabutuhan domestik sedangkan kondisi di kampung Krakeng tidak ada layanan air bersih PDAM untuk kebutuhanair bersih masyarakat kampung harus menggambil air bersih di sumber air yang terletak cukup jauh ± 2 km dari kampung krakeng.
Teknik Sistem pemanfaatan air hujan merupakan cara yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan dan menyimpan air hujan dari atap rumah atau dipermukaan tanah pada saat hujan. Sebagai salah satu sumber air bersih, pemanfaatan air hujan dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan kelangkaan air bersih, mengurangi volume limpasan air hujan dan mengisi kembali ke air tanah terutama di Kampung Krangkeng Dari hasil perhitungan didapat kebutuhan 52% dari total kebutuhan air bersih di Desa Pasongsongan Kampung Krangkeng sebesar 5.212 m3/tahun dengan standart kebutuhan air rata-rata per hari sebesar 120 liter dan didapat volume bak penampungan air hujan (PAH) di Kampung Krangkeng sebesar 156 m3 dengan debit ketersediaan air 343 m3/bulan untuk blok I, debit ketersediaan air 312 m3/bulan untuk blok II, debit ketersediaan air 223 m3/bulan untuk blok III.
STUDI PERENCANAAN SPILLWAY MORNING GLORY PADA BENDUNG WAI WOKI KABUPATEN NGADA
Authors: Prayoga Panji , Wibowo Leonardus Setia Budi , Cahyono Muhammad Shofwan Donny , Ray Norman 
Published: May 2021

Bangunan spillway adalah salah satu bagian komponen suatu bendungan yang berfungsi untuk melindungi tubuh bendungan dari bahaya pelimpasan (overtopping) pada saat banjir. Bendungan Wai Woki yang menjadi objek pada perencanaan ini, direncanakan menggunakan spillway tipe morning glory. Spillway ini merupakan suatu struktur yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan pelepasan air yang mengalir dari bendungan ke daerah hilir, berbentuk menara/cerobong yang sangat efektif untuk bendungan yang tidak memiliki ruang yang cukup untuk pelimpah jenis lainnya.
Perencanaan ini terdiri dari analisis yang meliputi : analisis hidrologi, hidrolika, analisis stabilitas, dan analisa struktur. Adapun bendungan yang direncanakan memiliki periode ulang 100 tahun dengan luas DAS sebesar 38,25 km2 dan panjang sungai 9,61 km serta data hujan harian sebanyak 10 tahun. Dari hasil kajian yang diperoleh elevasi puncak bangunan spillway adalah +120.00 Mdpl dengan debit banjir maksimum 90,39 m3/det pada elevasi +121.25. Tinggi bangunan 30 meter dengan diameter puncak 6 meter dan diameter konduit 4,5 meter. Panjang konduit 212,065 meter. Serta tebal dinding 0,40 meter dengan tulangan horisontal & vertikal D24-150 mm.

Kata kunci: spillway morning glory, pelimpah corong, spillway
SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS DESA KARANGANYAR KEC. KALIANGET KAB. SUMENEP)
Authors: Rahmanto Ach. Desmantri , Purnomo Prasetyo Teguh 
Published: May 2021

Limbah adalah masalah yang saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan bagi kebanyakan orang termasuk limbah domestik, limbah cair dan padat yang tidak ditangani secara tepat dapat mengakibatkan masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat.Hal ini mengakibatkan pencemaran di badan air atau sungai di desa Karanganyar.
Dalam perencanaan ini harus mengetahui debit (Q) limbah domestik yang di hasilkan warga di desa Karanganyar, mengetahui bagaimana perencanaan bangunan pengolahan air limbah domestik yang sesuai dengan SNI 2398:2017
Debit limbah domestik yang dihasilkan oleh setiap warga untuk setiap yaitu 120 l/hari jadi debit untuk 10 KK 50 Orang sebesar 6000 l/hari atau sebesar 6 m³/hari dan 25 Orang sebesar 3000 l/hari atau sebesar 3 m³/hari . Kolam Sanitasi sebagai pengolahan lanjutan dengan Volume 6 m³, Sumur Resapan sebagai pengolahan lanjutan dengan ukuran : dimeter 800 mm dan kedalaman 1,00 m
O malarce, która ,,osiągnęła w szkicu i rysunku poziom wyższy od jakiejkolwiek innej artystki naszych czasów”. Autoportret Sofonisby Anguissoli
Authors: Morello Magda 
Published: May 2021

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy życia i twórczości włoskiej, renesansowej malarki Sofonisby Anguissoli, Cel stanowiło dokonanie porównania i interpretacji autoportretów artystki w kontekście jej biografii, na trzech różnych poziomach. Pierwsza warstwa, skoncentrowana jest na kwestiach formalnych, takich jak kompozycja, kolorystyka czy zakres tematyczny, druga wychodzi nieco poza ramy obrazu, wyprowadza obraz na szerszy kontekst społeczno- kulturowy oraz czasy, w jakich żyła malarka. Wreszcie w trzeciej, najgłębiej sięgającej warstwie podjęto próbę zrozumienia motywacji oraz charakteru samej malarki. Tekst ten dąży do spojrzenia na Sofonisbę, artystkę tamtych czasów, oczami współcześnie żyjącej kobiety. Choć dzieli je niemal 500 lat, dzięki niezwykłej właściwości sztuki, jaką jest jej nieprzemijalność, mogą dziś, poprzez płótno, stanąć niemal twarzą w twarz. Analizując jej autoportrety, można dostrzec różne etapy jej życia – młodość, dorosłość oraz starość. Każdy portret odpowiada innemu typowi wrażliwości, aspiracji i pragnień. Od pełnej pasji młodej artystki niemal wkraczającej w jej życie zawodowe, przez dojrzałą i pewną siebie kobietę, aż po spełnioną życiem starą matronę, oczekującą ze spokojem na odejście. Artystka ta, nie tylko wytyczyła styl kobiecych portretów na następne lata, ale pozostawiła po sobie także pewnego rodzaju pamiętnik portretowy, dokumentujący ją na każdym z etapów życia. Ten specyficzny typ malarstwa jakim jest autoportret, silnie skoncentrowany na oddaniu prawdziwej osobowości i charakteru człowieka, tak często przez nią podejmowany, nabiera więc nowego wymiaru i ponadczasowego przesłania.
Gata-3 and KI-67 expression in correlation with molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Husni Cangara M. , Miskad Upik A. , Masadah Rina , Nelwan Berti J. , Wahid Syarifuddin 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate and compare four breast cancer subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry expression of ER, PR, and HER-2 in correlation with Ki-67 and GATA-3 expression. METHODS: Slides from 89 paraffin blocks of invasive breast cancer patients with four molecular subtypes based on HER-2, ER, and PR expression were then stained with Ki-67 and GATA-3 antibodies to evaluate their expression in correlation with molecular subtype and metastases to lymph nodes. RESULTS: This study was a retrospective study of 89 invasive breast cancers. Luminal A; Luminal B; HER2+; and triple-negative types were 35 (39.3%), 10 (11.2%), 27 (30.3%), and 17 (19.1%) samples. Expression of Ki-67 was increased in triple-negative (TN) tumor compared to non-triple-negative (non-TN) tumor subtypes (p < 0.05). This Ki-67 expression was inversely correlated with the positivity of hormone receptor expression related to lymph-node metastases in TN-type tumors. Sixty-two (57%) samples were immunohistochemically positive for GATA-3. GATA-3 positive samples were significantly more likely to be ER and PR-positive, Ki-67 negative, and luminal A tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Subtype triple-negative breast cancer correlates with high expression of Ki-67 that contributes to poor prognosis of this subtype. The higher Ki-67 expression was correlated with the absence of hormone receptor expression compared with the negativity of Her-2 expression, downplay a role in nodal metastases in a triple-negative tumor. GATA-3 positive breast cancer showed luminal differentiation characterized by high ER expression and mainly was classified as luminal A type tumor with a better prognosis.
The comparison of Zn(II) arginine dithiocarbamate cytotoxicity in T47D breast cancer and fibroblast cells
Authors: Prihantono Prihantono , Irfandi Rizal , Raya Indah 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: With essential metals being studied and developed as anticancer agents, this study aims to explore the anticancer activity of Zn(II) arginine dithiocarbamate in the T47D and fibroblast cell lines. METHOD: The Zn(II) arginine dithiocarbamate complex was prepared by the in situ method and characterized using infra-red spectroscopy, melting point, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction instruments. The complex compound was tested for its cytotoxicity to the T47D breast cancer and fibroblast cell lines. RESULTS: The cytotoxicity of the Zn(II) arginine dithiocarbamate complex to the T47D breast cancer cell line obtained IC50 = 3.16 μg/mL, while cisplatin obtained IC50 = 28.18 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of the Zn(II) arginine dithiocarbamate complex to fibroblast cells obtained IC50 = 8709.63 μg/mL. CONCLUSION: The Zn(II) arginine dithiocarbamate complex has increased active cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin in inducing morphological changes in the T47D breast cancer cell line and is relatively non-toxic to fibroblast cells.
The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and its association with histopathological grade, stage of disease, and occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Pranoto Agung Sindu , Haryasena Haryasena , Prihantono Prihantono , Rahman Septiman , Sampepajung Daniel , Indra Indra , Syamsu Salman Ardy , Sampepajung Elridho , Nelwan Berti Julian , Faruk Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a role in tumor escape and progression by inactivating T lymphocytes. The aim of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, stage of disease, and the occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS: The observational cross-sectional study involved analyzing the expression of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PD-LI was expressed in 43 of 60 patients with breast cancer (71.6%), mostly with a moderate histopathological grade (58.3%) and at an advanced stage (50%). Associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade (p = 0.011), stage of disease (p = 0.009), and the occurrence of metastasis (p = 0.01) were significant, with an odds ratio of 5. CONCLUSION: The associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, disease stage, and occurrence of metastasis were all significant in cases of breast cancer in the sample. Those findings suggest that the expression of PD-L1 increases the progression of breast cancer.
The effect of apis Dorsata honey as a complementary therapy to interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and T lymphocytes of post-chemotherapy breast cancer patients
Authors: Syam Yuliana , Prihantono Prihantono , Majid Sintawati , Sjattar Elly L. , Kana Mery , Usman Andi Nilawati 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: The overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer cases can aggravate metastases. In comparison, the production of T lymphocytes plays a role in suppressing the development of tumor cells. Honey as a complementary therapy is expected to reduce the overproduction of IL-6 and facilitate the production of T lymphocytes in breast cancer cases. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of Dorsata honey (DH) as a complementary therapy to IL-6 levels and T lymphocytes of post-chemotherapy in breast cancer. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental approach that employed a pretest-posttest group control design. As many as 30 post-chemotherapy breast cancer patients at the Central Hospital in Eastern Indonesia were randomly selected into a control group of 15 participants. Additionally, an intervention group of 15 participants was given DH orally three times a day at a dose of 15 ml. The blood sample was taken two times, day 0 of the chemotherapy and day 16 (post-chemotherapy). The level of IL-6 was measured by ELISA, while the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, independent T-test, and Mann–Whitney test. RESULTS: The results showed that DH did not significantly affect IL-6 levels (p = 0.17). However, there was an increase in T lymphocyte levels with statistically significant differences (p = 0.01) in intervention groups. There was no difference in Il-6 and T lymphocyte levels between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Il-6 levels tend to be constant in the intervention group. However, there is a significant increase in the T lymphocyte levels which can indirectly increase the immune system and inhibit tumor cell growth in patients with breast cancer.
Bacterial Identification And Antibiotics Sensitivity Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Patients At RSD Dr. Soebandi Jember
Authors: Shodikin Muhammad Ali , Ramadhanty Mira Haninda , Semita I Nyoman 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia in patients who use mechanical ventilator. The empirical antibiotic therapy is given to VAP patients based on bacterial mapping and its antibiotic sensitivity. The aim of this study is to determine bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity of VAP patients at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This study is a retrospective study, the data collected from medical record of VAP patients from September to October 2019. All samples that is meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria was recruited in this study. Data analysis was use Microsoft Excel 2010. This study obtained 15 samples. The most frequents bacteria that causes VAP is Acinetobacter baumanii. It is also caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Salmonella arizonae, and Escherichia coli. The bacteria are most sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam and most resistant to cefixime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone.
Clinical Utility of Colonoscopy in Young Patients with Rectal Bleeding in Bangladesh
Authors: Mohsin Mostafa Noor , Jagtap Nitin , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Ali Md Naushad , Mamoon Md Abdullah Al , Ahmed Ershad Uddin , Bhuiyan Tareq Mahmud 
Published: May 2021

Background: Rectal bleeding is a very common symptom. Intermittent passage of small amount of bright red blood from rectum is a clinical problem frequently found in patients of all ages. It’s often attributed by the patients to ‘piles’ and indeed haemorrhoids or piles are a common cause of this symptom. However, there are other causes and it is important to know what the possible causes are and how to investigate the symptom further. The type and amount of bleeding as well as the age of the patient are important in the initial assessment of the bleeding. Colonoscopy is the investigation of choice for establishing a diagnosis and treatment. In the current study, we aimed to study clinical utility of colonoscopy in young patients with chronic LGI bleeding.
Material and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between May 2010 to December 2010 at Department of Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorder (GHPD) of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh including all consecutive patients with age less than 40 years, presenting with per rectal bleeding of duration more than 4 weeks.
Results: A total of 396 colonoscopies were performed in patients with age less that 40 years, of them 103 were enrolled in this study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of study population was 28.19 (SD 10.01, range 3 -40) years with 34 (33%) females. In majority of patients chronic LGI bleed was present for more than 6 months. Of them, 29 (28.2%), 16 (15.5%) and 9 (8.7%) had history of LGI bleed for 7 – 12 months, 13 – 24 months and more than 25 months respectively. Remaining 44 (42.7%) had LGI bleed for 6 months. Intermittent per rectal bleeding was present in 97 (94.2%), remaining 6 patients (5.8%) complained of daily rectal bleeding. Colonoscopy was attempted in 103 patients, with cecal intubation rate of 98.1% (101/103). The diagnostic yield was 91.26% (94/103). Anorectal region was most common site for the lesion (50/94, 53.19%). Six patients (6.38%) had proximal colonic lesions and pan colonic lesions each. Hemorrhoids in isolation (29/94, 30.85%) or in combination of other lesions (16/94, 17.02%) was most common colonoscopic finding.
Conclusion: Rectal bleeding is a symptom to be considered carefully, since it can be associated with malignancy. Since neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease may coexist, it is controversial as to whether chronic rectal bleeding in the young patients requires colonoscopy as a first line investigation. The optimal approach to young patients is not known. Colonoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool and can help to establish the source of rectal bleeding in young patients.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 37-40
Study on Hearing Impairment in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Mahabubul Alam , Tarafder Kamrul Hassan , Datta Pran Gopal , Zaman Mostafa , Akhtar Nasima , Sultana Kawsar 
Published: May 2021

Background : Hearing impairment is one of the leading causes of disability in Bangladesh. Since half the cases can be prevented through public awareness, early detection and timely management, planning of public health interventions become necessary. To achieve this, a nationwide level of evidence is required. This survey was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of hearing impairment in Bangladesh.
Materials and methods : The study was a cross-sectional one, conducted between January to May 2013, where a multistage, geographically clustered sampling approach was used. A total of 52 primary sampling units were selected, and from each unit households were selected at random followed by random selection of an individual from each household. In total, 5,220 people were targeted out of which data collection could be completed from 4260 individuals. (82%). Following clinical assessment of study subjects, hearing status was assessed by pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emission test.
Results : The mean age was 32 years among which 58% were females. Among men, there were 29% students, 28% agriculture workers and 14% business men. A major portion of females (63%) were home makers. On clinical examination, 11.5% respondents had impacted ear wax, 6.2% had chronic middle ear infections with eardrum perforation, and 5.3% had otitis media with effusion.On hearing assessment, 34.6% respondents had some form of hearing loss (>25dB in better ear). Conductive hearing loss was found in 12.0%, sensorineural in 4.5% and mixed in 3.8%, where the latter two increased in prevalence with age. Out of the total respondents, 9.6% had disabling hearing loss according to WHO criteria, with a higher prevalence in adults > 60 years(37%). Logistic regression analysis showed age, socioeconomic status, presence of ear wax, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis media with effusion and otitis externa were significant predictors of disabling hearing loss.
Conclusion : The major causes of conductive hearing loss are chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis media with effusion.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 72-76