bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of deep neural networks with unsupervised Noise2Noise strategy for noise reduction of optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Qiu Bin , Zeng Shuang , Meng Xiangxi , Jiang Zhe , You Yunfei , Geng Mufeng , Li Ziyuan , Hu Yicheng , Huang Zhiyu , Zhou Chuanqing , Ren Qiushi , Lu Yanye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a powerful diagnostic tool, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely used in various clinical setting. However, OCT images are susceptible to inherent speckle noise that may contaminate subtle structure information, due to low‐coherence interferometric imaging procedure. Many supervised learning‐based models have achieved impressive performance in reducing speckle noise of OCT images trained with a large number of noisy‐clean paired OCT images, which are not commonly feasible in clinical practice. In this article, we conducted a comparative study to investigate the denoising performance of OCT images over different deep neural networks through an unsupervised Noise2Noise (N2N) strategy, which only trained with noisy OCT samples. Four representative network architectures including U‐shaped model, multi‐information stream model, straight‐information stream model and GAN‐based model were investigated on an OCT image dataset acquired from healthy human eyes. The results demonstrated all four unsupervised N2N models offered denoised OCT images with a performance comparable with that of supervised learning models, illustrating the effectiveness of unsupervised N2N models in denoising OCT images. Furthermore, U‐shaped models and GAN‐based models using UNet network as generator are two preferred and suitable architectures for reducing speckle noise of OCT images and preserving fine structure information of retinal layers under unsupervised N2N circumstances.
Propofol protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via regulating MALAT1/miR‐206/ATG3 axis
Authors: Jing Haijuan , Wang Chuan , Zhao Liang , Cheng Jing , Qin Pengyu , Lin Hongqi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that propofol (PPF) plays a protective role in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) in multiple organs and tissues. This study was aimed to explore the mechanism of PPF in ameliorating myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI). MIRI model was established with Sprague–Dawley rats, and PPF pretreatment was performed before reperfusion. Creatine kinase isoform (CK‐MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hematoxylin and eosin stain were used to evaluate the severity of MIRI. H9c2 cells were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate I/R injury in vitro. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to assess MALAT1 and microRNA (miR)−206 expressions. Autophagy‐related 3 (ATG3), LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ, and Beclin‐1 expression were examined by western blot. Apoptosis was monitored using flow cytometry. Interaction between MALAT1 and miR‐206 was determined by bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, RIP assay, and RNA pull‐down assay. PPF pretreatment remarkably reduced CK‐MB level, LDH level, myocardial infarct size, and LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ ratio and Beclin‐1 expression in the rats with MIRI, and repressed the apoptosis of H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. PPF pretreatment markedly suppressed MALAT1 expression and enhanced miR‐206 expression in both in vivo and in vitro models. MiR‐206 was identified as a target of MALAT1 in cardiomyocytes, and MALAT1 could increase the expression of ATG3. Additionally, the upregulation of MALAT1 partially reversed the protective effect of PPF on cardiomyocytes in vitro. PPF modulated MALAT1/miR‐206/ATG3 axis to protect cardiomyocytes against I/R injury.
Exosomal tumor necrosis factor‐α from hepatocellular cancer cells (Huh‐7) promote osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Li Ching‐Hao , Palanisamy Kalaiselvi , Li Xin , Yu Shao‐Hua , Wang I‐Kuan , Li Chi‐Yuan , Sun Kuo‐Ting 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBone is the common extra‐hepatic site for cancer metastasis. Hepatic cancer is associated with a higher incidence of pathological fracture. However, this important regulatory mechanism remains unexplored. Thus, exosome‐mediated cell‐cell communication between hepatocellular cancer and bone might be key to osteolytic bone destruction. Huh‐7 exosomes were characterized for size and exosome marker expressions (CD63, Alix). Exosome mediated osteoclast differentiation in the RAW 264.7 cells was monitored from day 1 to 6 and multinucleated osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity were analyzed. The osteoclastogenic factor expressions in the exosomes and osteoclast differentiation markers such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), nuclear factor of activated T‐cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and cathepsin K (CTSK) were analyzed using western blot. Exosomes released by liver cancer cells (Huh‐7) promoted osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Analysis of osteoclastogenic factors in the exosomes showed that exosomes were specifically enriched with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Huh‐7 exosomes promoted osteoclast differentiation by significantly increasing the number of TRAP‐positive multi nucleated osteoclasts and resorption pits. Importantly, exosomes upregulated osteoclast markers TRAF6, NF‐κB, and CTSK expressions. Further, neutralizing exosomal TNF‐α reverted exosome‐mediated osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, our findings show that cellular communication of exosomal TNF‐α from hepatocellular cancer cells (Huh‐7) regulates osteoclast differentiation through NF‐κB/CTSK/TRAP expressions. Thus, exosomal TNF‐α might act as an important therapeutic target to prevent hepatocellular cancer mediated pathological bone disease.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and cholangitis complicated with multi‐drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Hakuta Ryunosuke , Nakai Yousuke , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Nomura Yusuke , Saito Tomotaka , Takahara Naminatsu , Mizuno Suguru , Kogure Hirofumi , Moriya Kyoji , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug‐resistant bacteria (MDRB) has rapidly spread worldwide and become a serious problem. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of commonly prescribed medications, but recent studies have suggested the increased risk of infection with MDRB in PPI users. We evaluated the association between PPI use and incidence of cholangitis with MDRB.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between January 2010 and August 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The incidence of cholangitis with MDRB was compared between regular and non‐regular PPI users.ResultsA total of 1224 regular PPI users and 1528 non‐regular PPI users were identified. There was no clinically significant difference in age and sex between the groups. Indication of ERCP was different between the groups. The number of ERCP sessions during the study periods was higher in regular PPI users. The incidence of cholangitis with MDRB was significantly higher in regular PPI users (3.0% vs 1.1%; P < .001). Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio for cholangitis with MDRB comparing regular PPI users to non‐regular users was 2.19 (95% confidence interval 1.20‐4.00; P = .01).ConclusionsRegular PPI use was associated with a higher risk of cholangitis with MDRB.
A bibliometric and social network analysis perspective of X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging in medical imaging
Authors: Tu Jessica , Brennan Patrick C. , Lewis Sarah , Tavakoli Taba Seyedamir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPhase‐contrast imaging (PCI) is a novel technology that can visualise variations in X‐ray refraction (phase contrast) in addition to differences in X‐ray attenuation (absorption contrast). Compared to radiography using conventional methods (i.e. absorption‐based imaging), PCI techniques can potentially produce images with higher contrast‐to‐noise ratio and superior spatial resolution at the same or lower radiation doses. This has led PCI to be explored for implementation in medical imaging. While interest in this research field is increasing, the whole body of PCI research in medical imaging has been under‐investigated. This paper provides an overview of PCI literature and then focusses on evaluating its development within the scope of medical imaging.MethodsBibliographic data between 1995 and 2018 were used to visualise collaboration networks between countries, institutions and authors. Social network analysis techniques were implemented to measure these networks in terms of centrality and cohesion. These techniques also assisted in the exploration of underlying research paradigms of clinical X‐ray PCI investigations.ResultsForty‐one countries, 592 institutions and 2073 authors contributed 796 investigations towards clinical PCI research. The most influential contributors and network collaboration characteristics were identified. Italy was the most influential country, with the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility being the most influential institution. At an author level, F. Pfeiffer was found to be the most influential researcher. Among various PCI techniques, grating interferometry was the most investigated, while computed tomography was the most frequently examined modality.ConclusionsBy gaining an understanding of collaborations and trends within clinical X‐ray PCI research, the links between existing collaborators were identified, which can aid future collaborations between emerging and established collaborators. Moreover, exploring the paradigm of past investigations can shape future research – well‐researched PCI techniques may be studied to bring X‐ray PCI closer to clinical implementation, or the potential of seldom‐investigated techniques may be explored.
Case presentation and panel discussion: Critical illness
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Patel Jayshil J. , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Arabi Yaseen M. , Alverdy John , Puthucheary Zudin , McClave Stephen A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite a mounting evidentiary base, controversies surrounding critical care nutrition support persist. Anchored by a case of a 60‐year‐old male with esophageal cancer who develops acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and septic shock, five panelists from the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) 2021 Pre‐Conference discuss key clinical dilemmas in critical care nutrition, including hierarchy of evidence, bedside evaluation of malnutrition, optimal protein dose, use of fiber, and therapies targeting gut function and gut microbiota .
Amorphous silicon 3‐D one‐transistor active pixel sensor enabling large area imaging
Authors: Qi Yihong , Li Anqi , Xu Yitong , Wang Kai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn large area imaging, an active pixel sensor (APS) is commonly used to achieve high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) through an in‐pixel thin‐film transistor (TFT) amplifier. Since there is a trade‐off between SNR and spatial resolution, the challenge of achieving both high resolution and high SNR remains. To resolve this, a 3‐D one‐TFT APS architecture is proposed, and a 256 × 256 image sensor array with a fill factor of ~100%, a high gain of >103, and a high resolution of 110 ppi is presented.
Political attitudes and Plog's travel personality model
Authors: Litvin Stephen W. , Guttentag Daniel , Smith Wayne W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research, conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, applied Stanley Plog's seminal tourism Model of Allocentricity and Psychocentricity and discovered surprising relationships between one's Plog classification and their political attitudes and travel behaviors during the crisis. Though expecting Plog's Allocentrics to have the more politically liberal views and Psychocentrics to be more conservative, we found the opposite to be true. Two previous datasets were revisited, each confirming the relationship. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Evaluation of Sarcopenia in Older Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Orzell Susannah , Verhaaren Benjamin F. J. , Grewal Rajan , Sklar Michael , Irish Jonathan C. , Gilbert Ralph , Brown Dale , Gullane Patrick , de Almeida John R. , Yu Eugene , Su Jie , Xu Wei , Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisSarcopenia is a hallmark of aging and its identification may help predict adverse postoperative events in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. The study objective was to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and postoperative complications and length of stay in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed of patients 50 years and older undergoing major head and neck surgery. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass (determined by neck muscle cross‐sectional imaging) with either low muscle strength (grip strength) or low muscle performance (timed walk test). Logistic regression was applied on binary outcomes, and linear regression was used for log‐transformed length of hospital stay (LOS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOf the 251 patients enrolled, pre‐sarcopenia was present in 34.9% (n = 87) and sarcopenia in 15.6% (n = 39) of patients. Patients with sarcopenia were more likely to be older (P = .001), female (P = .001), have a lower body mass index (P = .001), and lower preoperative hemoglobin (P < .001). On univariate analysis, the presence and severity of sarcopenia was associated with the development of medical complications (P = .029), higher grade of complications (P = .032), LOS (P = .015), and overall survival (P = .001). On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was associated with a longer LOS (β = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.19–0.45], P < .001) and worse overall survival (HR = 2.21 [95% CI: 1.01–4.23], P = .017).ConclusionsSarcopenia may aid in the prediction of prolonged hospital stay and death in patients who are candidates for major head and neck surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:356–363, 2022
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Among Individuals With Olfactory and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Yi Julie S. , Hura Nanki , Roxbury Christopher R. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThe underlying mechanism of the association between olfactory impairment and dementia may be explained by neurodegenerative changes detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this systematic review is to describe neurodegenerative changes on MRI in patients with olfactory impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.Study designSystematic review.MethodsA literature search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies with MRI and olfactory testing among participants diagnosed with MCI or dementia was performed. Sample size, study design, cognitive impairment type, olfactory testing, and MRI findings were abstracted. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles.ResultsThe search yielded 556 nonduplicate abstracts, from which 86 articles were reviewed and 24 were included. Seventeen (71%) of 24 studies reported hippocampal volume findings, with 14 studies reporting a relationship between hippocampal volume and olfactory performance. Two (50%) of four prospective studies reported the potential utility of baseline hippocampal volume as a marker of dementia conversion from MCI. Five (21%) of 24 studies reporting olfactory functional MRI (fMRI) findings highlighted the utility of olfactory fMRI to identify individuals in the early stages of cognitive decline.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests hippocampal volume correlates with olfactory performance in individuals with cognitive impairment, and that olfactory fMRI may improve early detection of AD. However, the predictive utility of these imaging markers is limited in prospective studies. MRI may be a useful modality for selecting patients at high risk of future cognitive decline for enrollment in early treatment trials. Laryngoscope, 132:177–187, 2022
Identifying the reuse patterns of coal mining subsidence areas: A case‐study of Jixi City (China)
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Du Lizhu , Liu Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAbandoned coal mine subsidence areas not only result in land resources wastage and ecological destruction but also disturb the order of space within the urban and rural areas, making it crucial to rehabilitate them. How to identify the best procedures for subsidence areas, which are scattered on a variety of lands rather than a single location? Our research proposes a new 'evaluation + clustering' methodology and took 95 subsidence areas in Jixi as an example. LANDSAT‐8 images and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) were used to identify the status of collapsed area water bodies. Reuse suitability evaluations were done in terms of ecological protection, urban construction, and agricultural production using a multi‐criteria evaluation (MCE) based on a geographic information system (GIS). Then k‐means clustering was used to classify the areas to identify their reuse pattern and model. The results show that the degree of subsidence is low with 78.25% of land scarcely wet. The suitability assessment values for rehabilitation as construction and agriculture are high, indicating the lands are suitable for reuse. 619.12 hm2 of subsidence areas located in a convenient place and surrounded by different kinds of lands are suitable for multiple uses, 1000.48 hm2 of those are appropriate for ecological reuse, namely water, land or forestry, their subsidence being severe and most of them located on mountains or near to the edge of built‐up areas. An estimated 630.18 hm2 located near the main road and inside the planning land boundary are suitable for parks, industrial land, and other construction lands. A further 11,176.94 hm2 could be used for farmland and other agricultural lands.
Elevated pCO2 enhances under light but reduces in darkness the growth rate of a diatom, with implications for the fate of phytoplankton below the photic zone
Authors: Qu Liming , Beardall John , Jiang Xiaowen , Gao Kunshan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExperimentally elevated pCO2 and the associated pH drop are known to differentially affect many aspects of the physiology of diatoms under different environmental conditions or in different regions. However, contrasting responses to elevated pCO2 in the dark and light periods of a diel cycle have not been documented. By growing the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under 3 light levels and 2 different CO2 concentrations, we found that the elevated pCO2/pH drop projected for future ocean acidification reduced the diatom's growth rate by 8–25% during the night period but increased it by up to 9–21% in the light period, resulting in insignificant changes in growth over the diel cycle under the three different light levels. The elevated pCO2 increased the respiration rates irrespective of growth light levels and light or dark periods and enhanced its photosynthetic performance during daytime. With prolonged exposure to complete darkness, simulating the sinking process in the dark zones of the ocean, the growth rates decreased faster under elevated pCO2, along with a faster decline in quantum yield and cell size. Our results suggest that elevated pCO2 enhances the diatom's respiratory energy supplies to cope with acidic stress during the night period but enhances its death rate when the cells sink to dark regions of the oceans below the photic zone, with implications for a possible acidification‐induced reduction in vertical transport of organic carbon.
Mechanisms underlying lack of functional compensation by insect grazers after tadpole declines in a Neotropical stream
Authors: Barnum Thomas R. , Wootton John Timothy , Bixby Rebecca J. , Drake John M. , Murray‐Stoker David , Colón‐Gaud Checo , Rugenski Amanda T. , Frauendorf Therese C. , Connelly Scott , Kilham Susan S. , Whiles Matt R. , Lips Karen R. , Pringle Catherine M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResilience of ecosystems to the sudden decline of large‐bodied species is dependent on characteristics of surviving guild members. However, that response may also be mediated by local habitat conditions. Here, we examine the mechanisms behind the observed lack of functional compensation in the algal‐grazing guild by insect grazers following the decline of tadpole grazers in a forested Panamanian stream. We examined: (1) shifts to the individual size distribution of insect grazers between pre‐ and post‐tadpole declines in pool and riffle habitats; (2) tadpole and insect preferences for small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized diatoms; and (3) a causal explanation for why insects did not functionally compensate for tadpole declines. The size distribution of insect grazers following tadpole declines differed between habitats, becoming uniform in pools and more right skewed toward a smaller size class in riffles. In both habitats, tadpoles selectively consumed medium‐sized diatoms but avoided the largest‐sized diatoms. In contrast, grazing insects selectively consumed small‐sized diatoms, but switched to medium‐sized diatoms after tadpole declines. Tadpole declines led to the loss of the strongest interactions between consumers and diatoms. Smaller‐bodied grazing insects could not duplicate these interactions, even with a shift in resource use, providing an explanation for the lack of functional compensation. Furthermore, tadpole declines led to different community structures in each habitat indicating that local habitat conditions mediated the response of surviving guild members. This suggests that the sudden decline of a large‐bodied species does not lead to a singular outcome for the surviving community.
Enhanced Neovascularization Using Injectable and rhVEGF‐Releasing Cryogel Microparticles
Authors: Park Mihn Jeong , An Young‐Hyeon , Choi Young Hwan , Kim Hwan D. , Hwang Nathaniel S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCryogels are gel networks or scaffolds with a large porous structure; they can be tailored for injectability and for possessing a shape‐memory ability. Herein, a growth factor‐releasing cryogel microparticle (CMP) system is fabricated, and the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF)‐loaded CMP (V‐CMP) for neovascularization is investigated. To prepare the cryogels, both methacrylated chitosan (Chi‐MA) and methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (CS‐MA) are used, and crosslinking using a radical crosslinking reaction is established. The physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the cryogels are analyzed by varying the amount of CS‐MA used. The cryogels are then pulverized, and microsized CMPs are fabricated. CMPs dispersed in saline demonstrate a shear‐thinning property, and can thus be extruded through a 23G needle. Additionally, V‐CMP exhibit a sustained release profile of rhVEGF and enhance the in vitro proliferation of endothelial cells. Finally, neovascularization and effective tissue necrosis prevention are observed when V‐CMPs are injected into a hindlimb ischemia mouse model. Thus, the injectable V‐CMP system developed herein demonstrates a high potential utility in various tissue regeneration applications based on cell or growth factor delivery.