bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of substance use in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Faruq , Sarkar Mekhala , Alam Mohammad Tariqul , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Bhowmik Avra Das , Roy Susmita 
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of substance use is on rising trend in the country. This two-stage nationwide multicentric community based cross sectional study was conducted by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka during the period of September 2017 to July 2018 to determine the prevalence of substance use as well as to identify the proportion of users used different substances and to find out socio-demographic correlates of substance use in Bangladesh. The sample were collected by cluster sampling technique. In the first stage data were collected from 19692 respondents aged between 7 years and above in 140 clusters through face-to-face interview using semi-structured questionnaires to collect information by trained data collector. Diagnoses of substance use were made in the second stage of interview by research psychiatrists following DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of mental disorders. Descriptive and inferential statistics of the collected data was done using standard statistical parameters. SPSS programme (Version 23) was used to summarize and to analyze the data. The results showed that, the prevalence of substance use was found as 3.3% among the population 18 years and above. Prevalence of substance use was 4.8% in male and 0.6% in female. Most frequently used substances include cannabis in (42.7%), alcohol in 27.5%, amphetamine (yaba) in 15.2%, opioid in 5.3% and sleeping pills in 3.4% users. Among professions of substance users 6.7% were labors, 5.7% unemployed, 4.3% business men, 3.8% farmers and 3.5% service holders. Extremes of social classes were found as increased users of substances such as people with low income 3.2% and people with high income 3.8% using as against 2.6% in middle income group. The data of this community survey will be used for planning of mental health services in Bangladesh.
Bang J Psychiatry June 2018; 32(1): 1-8
Epidemiology of Trauma Patients Presented at Emergency Department of Trauma Center
Authors: Paudel Santosh , Dhungana Siddhartha , Pokhrel Nabin , Dhakal Gaurav Raj 
Published: April 2021

Background: Emergency Department of National Trauma Center Nepal Center is the only specialized trauma care hospital in Nepal, in operation since 2012. Traumatic injury is one of the major causes for mortality worldwide. This study aims to see the epidemiology, pattern of injuries and outcome of the patients presenting to the emergency room.Methods: After getting ethical approval, we included all patients presenting to the Emergency Department with at least one injury, between Jan 2018 to Dec 2020. Informations on age, gender, mechanism of injury and outcome was abstracted for all patients presenting to the emergency department. Data were extracted from hospital database with the permission of hospital authority.Results: Total of 49991 patients presented to emergency department with different types of injuries. Among them 7792 (14.0%) needed hospital admission. Fall and road crashes comprised almost 80% of admitted cases. Mortality was 2.1% of admitted patients, mostly with head injuries followed by multiple injuries. Conclusions: Among the patient visiting the trauma center during the study period most common mechanism of the injury were fall and road crash with head and neck injury. Majority of the patients were only managed in the ward without surgery.Keywords: Emergency care; triage; trauma care system; unintentional injury
Boris Šerginin pohjoinen
Authors: Perkiömäki Mika 
Published: April 2021

Artikkeli tarkastelee ekokriittisestä näkökulmasta neuvostoaikaisen kirjailijan Boris Šerginin pomorien kansanperinteeseen perustuvista kertomuksista koostuvan tuotannon pohjoisen kuviteltua maantiedettä sekä sen suhdetta luontoon muun muassa kristinuskon ja neuvostomodernisaation konteksteissa. Se esittää, että Šerginin tuotanto rakentaa pomorien narratiivista identiteettiä, jolle keskeisiä ovat rikas elämä meren ehdoilla luonnonvarojen puolesta köyhällä alueella, kristinusko, vanha kulttuuriperintö sekä yhä uusien pohjoisten alueiden hallinta uusien teknologioiden avulla. Šerginiä Venäjän pohjoisen sakraalin maantieteen ja venäläisen kirjallisuuden pohjoisen tekstin kautta lukeva tutkimus on hahmottanut Venäjän Pohjolan kollektiivista identiteettiä keskittyen sen mytopoeettisiin merkityksiin. Tämä artikkeli tuo Šerginin materiaalisen ympäristön vahvemmin esiin ja tarkastelee Šerginin pohjoisen tekstin tutkimusta osana pomorien narratiivista identiteettiä.
The North of Boris Shergin
This article examines from an ecocritical perspective the imagined geography of the North in Boris Shergin’s works, a Russian writer of the Soviet period, whose stories were based on Pomor folklore. It studies the interconnections of nature and people in Shergin’s stories in the contexts of Christianity and Soviet modernisation. The article argues that rich life by and from the sea in an area poor in natural resources, Christianity, rich cultural heritage, and mastering new northern regions with the help of new technologies are central for the narrative identity of the Pomors whom Shergin’s oeuvre concerns. The research on Shergin from the points of view of the sacral geography of northern Russia and the northern text of Russian literature has outlined the collective identity of the Russian North, focusing on its mythopoetic meanings. This article builds more strongly on the material environment in Shergin’s stories and considers the research on Shergin’s northern text as part of the narrative identity of the Pomors.
Kolonialistiset välitilat Pienen pimeyden kuukaudessa
Authors: Lukin Karina 
Published: April 2021

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan nenetsikirjailija Vasili Ledkovin romaania Pienen pimeän kuukausi (Mesjats maloi temnoty), joka on historiallinen, porojen kollektivisoinnista 1920- ja 30-lukujen Nenetsien kansallisessa piirikunnassa kertovat teos. Romaania tulkitaan kyläproosan keinoja ja keskustelutilaa hyödyntävänä tekstinä, joka nostaa esiin porojen omistamiseen ja ihmisen ja poron vuorovaikutukseen tulleiden muutosten aiheuttamia ristiriitoja sekä kollektivisointiin liittyvää väkivaltaa. Lukutapaa luonnehtii jälkikoloniaalinen ote, jossa painottuu vähintään kahdenlaisten tulkintojen yhtäaikainen läsnäolo ja niiden limittyminen toisiinsa. Analyysissä keskitytään tekemään ymmärrettäväksi poron ja ihmisen välistä suhdetta poropaimentolaiskäytänteissä ja tuodaan esiin, miten romaanin hahmojen erilaiset tavat toimia heijastavat nenetsien konventioita tai asettuvat niitä vastaan. Samalla osoitetaan, että teksti tuottaa myös sosialistisen realismin ja neuvostoliittolaisen kyläproosan perinteen mukaisia mielikuvia, ja pohditaan, miten nämä ovat osa romaanin tarjoamaa kriittistä katsetta nenetsien menneisyyteen.
Colonial in-betweens in The Month of the Small Darkness
The article discusses the Nenets writer Vasili Ledkov’s historical novel The Month of the Small Darkness, which describes the collectivisation of the reindeer in the Nenets national district in the 1920s and 1930s. The novel is analysed as a text using the textual and poetic strategies of the discursive space created by what was called the village prose movement. At the same time, the novel brought out the violence related to collectivisation and the ambivalence produced by changes in the ownership of the reindeer and the interaction between the humans and reindeer. The novel is read from a postcolonial perspective, emphasising at least two kinds of simultaneous interpretative models and the way they fold into each other. The analysis focuses on understanding the relationship of reindeer and humans in the practices of nomadic reindeer-herding and on explaining the differing actions of the characters and their relations with Nenets conventions or Soviet ideologies. According to the interpretation, the novel gains its critical gaze towards the Soviet past from its position within socialist realism and the discourses of the village prose movement that are, as such, hybrid forms of literature.
Kuvitteellisia periferioita
Authors: Kuikka Eeva 
Published: April 2021

Artikkeli tarkastelee nenetsikirjailija Anna Nerkagin pienoisromaaneja Nogo-suvun Aniko (1976) ja Valkea jäkälä (1996) sekä venäläisen elokuvaohjaaja Vladimir Tumajevin näiden teosten pohjalta ohjaamaa elokuvaa Valkea jäkälä (2014). Lähestyn teoksia kysymällä, kuinka niissä kuvataan arktista tundraa tilana ja kuinka teoksissa kuvattu perifeerinen tila esitetään suhteessa valtakeskuksiin. Artikkelin tärkeimpinä teoreettisina viitekehyksinä toimivat geokritiikki sekä jälkikolonialistinen teoria. Nerkagin teoksissa tundra näyttäytyy muusta maasta irrallisena alkuperäiskansan toimintaympäristönä, joka kytkeytyy sekä nenetsien historiaan että näiden suhteeseen ei-inhimillisen luonnon kanssa. Erityisesti Valkean jäkälän voi nähdä myös kritisoivan yhteiskunnan tapaa laiminlyödä alueen asioiden hoitoa. Tumajevin elokuva puolestaan nojaa venäläisessä kulttuurissa vallitseviin käsityksiin arktisesta tundrasta ja heijastaa myös Venäjän 2000-luvulla aktivoitunutta tarvetta profiloitua arktisena suurvaltana.
Imagined Peripheries
Abstract: This article focuses on Nenets author Anna Nerkagi’s short novels Aniko of the Clan Nogo (1976) and The White Moss (1996) and their film adaptation The White Moss (2014) by Russian film director Vladimir Tumaev. I approach these works by asking how they depict the Arctic tundra as a space and how they describe the relationship between this peripheral space and the power centres. The main theoretical frameworks used are geocriticism and postcolonial theory. Nerkagi’s works depict the tundra as a region that is disconnected from the rest of the country and defined by Nenets history and the relationship with non-human nature. Especially in The White Moss, the reader can also notice a social critique of the neglect of the region. Tumaev’s film, on the other hand, relies on Russian cultural conceptions of the Arctic tundra and reflects Russia’s urge to be profiled as an Arctic superpower in the 2000s.
Інноваційна діяльність підприємств як системоутворюючого складника механізму сталого інноваційного розвитку національної економіки
Authors: Vorona Anna 
Published: April 2021

У статті розглянуто окремі складові інноваційного механізму національної економіки, їх функції та основні завдання. Досліджена роль підприємств як системоутворюючого складника сталого інноваційного розвитку національної економіки.
Висвітлено рівень зацікавленості підприємств у веденні інноваційної діяльності, розглянуто фактори, що впливають на зацікавленість підприємств інноватизацією виробничого процесу. Проаналізовано джерела фінансування інноваційної діяльності підприємств, досліджена структура фінансування інноватизації у період 2012-2018 рр. За результатами дослідження виявлено: здійснення інноваційної діяльності доцільне лише у разі її прибутковості, яка перевищує прибутковість традиційних підходів різних видів економічної діяльності.
Зазначено, що кредитування інноваційної діяльності, яке у багатьох країнах є фінансовою основою інноваційних процесів, в Україні гальмується, зокрема, обмеженим обсягом довгострокових ресурсів, високою вартістю інноваційного банківського кредитування, відсутністю непрямої підтримки у вигляді знижених ставок для інноваційно зацікавлених підприємств. Венчурне інвестування, франчайзинг, індустріальні та технопарки в Україні перебувають на етапі початкового розвитку.
Розглянуто процес трансферу технологій як основного показника ефективності діяльності науково-технічної сфери економічної діяльності, законодавчу складову його існування та методологію державної підтримки. Проведено аналіз динаміки обсягів трансферу технологій у період 2012-2018 рр., зроблено висновок про активізацію інноватизації у сферах енергетики, наноматеріалів і технологій, охорони природнього середовища, інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, а також зниження рівня інноваційної діяльності у сфері транспорту, медицини та АПК.
Nordic research on special needs education in upper secondary vocational education and training: A review
Authors: Holmgren Robert , Pettersson Gerd , Ström Kristina , Björk-Åhman Camilla 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyse the state of the art of research on special needs education (SNE) in the context of the Nordic countries’ vocational education and training (VET) systems during the period January 2010 to September 2018. Twenty studies remained after the search procedure and thematic analysis, 15 of which deal with the practice level and five with the organisation level. No studies were identified as belonging to the policy level. The following themes were found at the practice level: teachers’ work and role, teaching and learning, student transition and student dropout. Themes identified at the organisation level were changes to vocational policy documents and educational practices, and school organisation and its implementation. Finland dominates in terms of number of studies. Furthermore, the review shows that there were few studies in the area of SNE in VET. The results show that further studies are needed to acquire more knowledge about SNE in vocational education.
Case Report: First Two Identified Cases of Fabry Disease in Central Asia
Authors: Cainelli Francesca , Argandykov Dias , Kaldarbekov Dauren , Mukarov Murat , Tran Thi Phuong Liên , Germain Dominique P. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Fabry disease (FD, OMIM #301500) is a rare, progressive, X-linked inherited, genetic disease due to the functional deficiency of lysosomal α-galactosidase (α-GAL) that leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids (mainly globotriaosylceramide or Gb3) and its derivative globotriaosylsphingosine or lyso-Gb3. Classic FD is a multisystem disorder which initially presents in childhood with neuropathic pain and dermatological, gastrointestinal, ocular, and cochleo-vestibular manifestations. Over time, end-organ damage such as renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and early stroke may develop leading to reduced life expectancy in the absence of specific treatment.Case presentation: We describe two Kazakh patients who presented in adulthood with a delayed diagnosis. We conducted also a family screening through cascade genotyping.Conclusion: This is the first description of cases of Fabry disease in Central Asia. An extensive family pedigree enabled the identification of ten additional family members. Patients with rare genetic diseases often experience substantial delays in diagnosis due to their rarity and non-specific symptoms, which can negatively impact their management and delay treatment. FD may be difficult to diagnose because of the non-specificity of its early and later-onset symptoms and its X-linked inheritance. Raising awareness of clinicians is important for earlier diagnosis and optimal outcome of specific therapies.
Key Characteristics of Nitrous Oxide-Induced Neurological Disorders and Differences Between Populations
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Xie Dandan , Zou Yanfeng , Yu Xuen , Ji Yang , Wang Chengyou , Lv Xinyi , Zhou Nong , Jiang Xiao , Wang Kai , Tian Yanghua 
Published: April 2021

Background: Nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly known as laughing gas, is inhaled recreationally because it produces the feelings of euphoria and freedom from pain. The risk of neurological dysfunction secondary to N2O abuse and its clinical diagnosis are, however, not yet sufficiently recognized, especially in China. Here, we have summarized the key clinical characteristics of N2O-induced neurological disorders.Materials and Methods: We recruited 20 patients with N2O-induced neurological disorders and analyzed their clinical features, laboratory data, magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography. We also carried out a literature review and compared 99 previously reported patients with our case series to confirm our results. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the difference in demographical and clinical characteristics of N2O abuse between Asian and non-Asian patients.Results: The most common initial symptoms of N2O-induced neurological disorders were weakness and/or paresthesia. Most patients presented with myelopathy and/or peripheral neuropathy. The most commonly involved segment of the spinal cord was the cervical spinal cord, extending over 4–6 vertebral levels, but more than half of the patients with myelopathy had no sensory change at the corresponding spinal level. Homocysteine was found to be the most sensitive and practical indicator for diagnosis. Subgroup analysis showed that the Asian patients (median: 22.0 years old, Q1–Q3:19.0–26.0 years old) with N2O abuse were younger than non-Asian patients [26.0 (22.3–31.0) years old, P = 2.8 × 10−4]. The incidence of myelopathy combined with peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher in Asian patients than in non-Asian patients, who had myelopathy or peripheral neuropathy (P = 2 × 10−5).Conclusions: Key clinical characteristics of N2O abuse are longitudinally extensive cervical myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Recognition of these traits in young people in the age group of 20–30 years will provide important guidance for accurate diagnosis of neurological disease associated with N2O abuse. The clinical manifestations differ in Asian patients and non-Asian patients.
Initial Experience of Intentional Internal High-Dose Policy Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy of Neck Lymph Node Metastases ≥ 2 cm in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kashihara Tairo , Nakamura Satoshi , Murakami Naoya , Ito Kimiteru , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Kobayashi Kenya , Omura Go , Mori Taisuke , Honma Yoshitaka , Kubo Yuko , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kana , Inaba Koji , Okuma Kae , Igaki Hiroshi , Nakayama Yuko , Kato Ken , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Itami Jun 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeMost locoregional recurrences after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develop “in-field.” Dose escalation while sparing organs at risk can be a good solution for improving local control without increasing adverse effects. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using intentionally internal high-dose policy (IIHDP) to treat neck lymph node metastases (NLNM) ≥ 2 cm in HNSCC patients.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 71 NLNM from 51 HNSCC patients who had received definitive radiotherapy to treat NLNM ≥ 2 cm using the VMAT technique in our institution between February 2017 and August 2019. Thirty-seven NLNM from 25 patients were treated using IIHDP VMAT (group A), and 34 NLNM from 27 patients were treated with homogeneous-dose distribution policy (HDDP) VMAT (group B). One patient with three NLNM had one lymph node assigned to group A and the other two to group B. Adverse events and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the median follow-up period of 527 days, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of dermatitis or mucositis ≥ grade 2/3, but LRFS was significantly longer in group A (p = 0.007). In the Cox regression analysis after adjustment for the propensity score, group A also showed an apparently superior LFRS.ConclusionOur initial experience of IIHDP VMAT suggested that IIHDP VMAT to treat HNSCC neck lymph node metastases measuring ≥ 2 cm was feasible and possibly led to better local control than HDDP VMAT.
Genomic Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme Reveals a Key Transcription Factor Signature Relevant to Prognosis and the Immune Processes
Authors: Li Zhen-Hang , Guan Yan-Lei , Zhang Guo-Bin 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) develops through the accumulation of both genetic and expression alterations. Although many gene signatures have been developed as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, their robustness and functional aspects are less well characterized. The expression of most genes is regulated by transcription factors (TFs); therefore, we aimed to investigate a TF signature relevant to GBM prognosis.MethodsWe used bioinformatic methods and data from public databases to establish four clusters of key TF genes, among which cluster 1, comprising 24 TFs, showed significant prognostic value. Further in silico functional analyses were applied to investigate the utility of the TF signature.ResultsDifferent mutation and copy number variation patterns were observed between different risk score groups (based on the TF signature). In silico analyses suggested that the cases with relative high risk scores were involved in immune and inflammatory processes or pathways.ConclusionThe TF signature has significant prognostic value in different cohorts or subgroups of patients with GBM and could lead to the development immunotherapy for GBM.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Atezolizumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Different PD-L1 Expression Status
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Kang Shuo , Wang Xinchen , Shang Fangjian 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAtezolizumab could significantly improve clinical outcomes and was associated with less toxicity compared with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of PD-L1-selected patients with EGFR and ALK wild-type metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the economic outcomes remain unclear yet in China. This study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC with different PD-L1 expression status from the Chinese health sector perspective.MethodsA decision-analytic model was conducted to evaluate the economic outcomes for the first-line treatment of EGFR and ALK wild-type metastatic NSCLC with atezolizumab and chemotherapy in high PD-L1 expression, high or intermediate PD-L1 expression and any PD-L1 expression populations, respectively. The efficacy and safety data were obtained from the IMpower110 trial. Cost and utility values were gathered from the local charges and published literatures. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated. A scenario analysis for a patient assistance program (PAP) was conducted. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the robustness of the model results.ResultsAtezolizumab yielded additional 0.91 QALYs, 0.57 QALYs, 0.42 QALYs in comparison with chemotherapy, and the ICERs were $123,778.60/QALY, $142,827.19/QALY, $168,902.66/QALY in the high PD-L1 expression, high or intermediate PD-L1 expression, and any PD-L1 expression populations, respectively. When PAP was available, the ICERs were $52,414.63/QALY, $52,329.73/QALY, $61,189.66/QALY in the three categories of PD-L1 expression status populations, respectively. The ICERs were exceed the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $30,828/QALY (three times of per capita gross domestic product of China in 2019) in China. One-way sensitivity analyses suggested that the cost of atezolizumab played a vital role in the model outcomes, and the probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed atezolizumab was unlikely to be cost-effective at the WTP threshold regardless of PD-L1 expression status and whether the PAP was available or not.ConclusionsAtezolizumab as first-line treatment for PD-L1-selected metastatic NSCLC patients without EGFR mutations or ALK translocations is unlikely to be cost-effective compared with chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 expression status in the Chinese context.