bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking nurse practice environment, safety climate and job dimensions to missed nursing care
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study examined the aspects of the nurse practice environment and patient safety climate and the various job dimensions that contribute to the occurrence of missed nursing care.BackgroundMissed nursing care is a crucial healthcare concern that poses significant threats to patient safety. The available literature on missed nursing care is confined to high‐resource nations, where hospital policies, mechanisms and processes to support professional nursing practice are well established.MethodsThis is a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study, using self‐report scales, which involves 624 clinical nurses in selected hospitals in the Philippines.ResultsPatient safety climate (β = −0.148, p = 0.001), decision authority (β = −0.101, p = 0.018) and staffing/resource adequacy (β = −0.086, p = 0.014) significantly predicted missed nursing care. Nurse, unit and hospital variables were not related with missed nursing care.DiscussionNurses who perceived greater decision authority, positive safety climate and adequate staffing/resources were less likely to miss or omit patient care activities.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyInstitutional measures to foster decision authority in nurses, improve safety climate and address staffing/resource issues can be a viable solution to reduce the occurrence of missed nursing care.
Mechanical tailoring of dislocation densities in SrTiO3 at room temperature
Authors: Okafor Chukwudalu , Ding Kuan , Zhou Xiandong , Durst Karsten , Rödel Jürgen , Fang Xufei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDislocation‐tuned functional properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and ferroelectric properties in oxides are attracting increasing research interest. A prerequisite for harvesting these functional properties in oxides requires successful introduction and control of dislocation density and arrangement without forming cracks, which is a great challenge due to their brittle nature. Here, we report a simple method to mechanically tailor the dislocation densities in single‐crystal perovskite SrTiO3. By using a millimeter‐sized Brinell indenter, dislocation densities from ∼1010 to ∼1013 m−2 are achieved by increasing the number of indenting cycles. Depending on tip radius and indenting load, large and crack‐free plastic zones over hundreds of micrometers are created. The dislocation multiplication mechanisms are discussed, and the work hardening in the plastic zone is evaluated by micro‐hardness measurement as a function of dislocation density. This simple approach opens many new opportunities in the area of dislocation‐tuned functional and mechanical studies.
Effects of exergaming on functional outcomes in people with chronic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chan Kendy Gui Fang , Jiang Ying , Choo Wen Ting , Ramachandran Hadassah Joann , Lin Yanjuan , Wang Wenru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this review is to synthesize and evaluate effectiveness of exergaming on balance, lower limb functional mobility and functional independence in individuals with chronic stroke.DesignThe present review is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The review is written in accordance with the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA)Data SourceSearches were conducted across seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus and PEDro) and in grey literature from inception until January 2021.Review MethodsOnly randomized controlled trials (RCTs) written in English were included. All eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias by two reviewers independently. Meta‐analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Narrative syntheses were adopted whenever meta‐analysis was inappropriate. The overall quality of evidence from included studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework.Results4511 records were retrieved, with 32 RCTs eligible for inclusion and 27 RCTs included in meta‐analysis. Meta‐analyses reported statistically significant small effect sizes favouring exergaming on balance (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.08–0.41], p = .004), lower limb functional mobility (pooled SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.08–0.50], p = .007) and functional independence (pooled SMD = 0.41, 95% CI [0.09–0.73], p = .01). Most of the included studies failed to provide adequate description of the measures taken to prevent bias.ConclusionExergaming has favourable effects on improving balance, lower limb functional mobility and functional independence among individuals with chronic stroke, making it a suitable adjunct to conventional physiotherapy.ImpactPeople with chronic stroke have difficulty achieving the required rehab intensity. Exergaming can help individuals with chronic stroke to undertake further rehabilitation exercises at home. It can be a suitable adjunct to conventional physiotherapy.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on haematocrit and haemoglobin levels and the associated cardiorenal benefits in T2DM patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Qi , Guo Keyu , Deng Jiayi , Zhong Yanjun , Yang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo explore the effect and magnitude of effect of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on haematocrit and haemoglobin and the related cardiorenal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible trials. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Seventy‐eight studies were included in the meta‐analysis. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels compared with control (total WMD 2.27% [95% CI 2.08, 2.47] and 6.20 g/L [95% CI 5.68, 6.73], respectively). Except for dapagliflozin (p = 0.000), no notable dose‐dependent relationship was revealed for other SGLT2 inhibitors. The effect could be sustained or even slightly increased with long‐term therapy (coef. =0.009, 95% CI [0.005, 0.013], p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, haematocrit elevation increased with higher body mass index (BMI). A greater haematocrit elevation could be observed in white patients or when compared with active controls. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitors increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels in T2DM patients. Changes in haematocrit and haemoglobin seem to be surrogate markers of improvement in renal metabolic stress, and important mediators involved in cardiorenal protection.
Decentralizing investment: Evidence from municipal organization after close elections
Authors: Natividad Gabriel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI use close municipal elections in a nonparametric regression discontinuity framework to study the organizational dimension of local public investment following a decentralization reform in Peru. National political organizations' mayors winning by very narrow margins approve and execute larger investments than those of other types of parties; they also choose structures, systems, and personnel more conducive to active investment, engage in beneficial contracting relationships with outside funding sources, and achieve more stable financial and social performance. Evidence on the consequential influence of national parties only after the decentralization reform, with their aggregate investment implications, is discussed.
Seasonal monitoring of Cryptosporidium species and their genetic diversity in neonatal calves on two large‐scale farms in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Kuankuan , Wu Yayun , Jing Bo , Xu Chunyan , Chen Yuancai , Yu Fuchang , Wei Zilin , Zhang Ying , Cui Zhaohui , Qi Meng , Zhang Longxian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo find out whether and how the prevalence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in neonatal calves vary with the season, 380 fecal samples from neonatal calves on two large‐scale farms in Xinjiang (Alar and Wensu) were studied using molecular biology techniques. Cryptosporidium was detected in 48.7% (185/380) of the samples and was most frequent in summer (56.8%), followed by spring (50.0%), winter (46.8%), and autumn (41.7%; p > 0.05). Calves with diarrhea seem to be more likely infected by Cryptosporidium than those without diarrhea (p < 0.01). We also found that C. parvum (n = 173), C. bovis (n = 7), and C. ryanae (n = 3) were the Cryptosporidium species detected in this study, and co‐infections of these three species (n = 2) were also identified. Two subtypes (IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1) of C. parvum were identified, and both can infect human. These results also show that neonatal calves commonly suffer diarrhea caused by C. parvum throughout the year.
Reversal of colpocleisis—A surgical technique for recurrent pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Doumouchtsis Stergios K. , Rada Maria Patricia , Walker Roger M. H. , Loganathan Jemina , Raja Mohammad Ashraf Khan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the rarity of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse after obliterative procedures and the paucity of data in the literature on this topic, optimal management is challenging. We describe a technique of reversal of colpocleisis in an 81‐year‐old woman with recurrent prolapse as the first step in a staged, reconstructive procedure. Basic principles underlying our approach include multidisciplinary team involvement, detailed preoperative planning, and a series of investigations including different imaging modalities and a meticulous stepwise surgical technique. The distortion of anatomical planes, anticipated scarring, and close proximity of pelvic organs specifically bladder and rectum are important considerations. In our case, the multidisciplinary surgical team included urogynecologists, a urologist, and a colorectal surgeon. Detailed preoperative planning was agreed following multiple patient and team consultations. Preoperative investigations included ultrasound and videourodynamics. Intraoperatively, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy were performed to identify anatomical landmarks and planes, rule out fistulae, and evaluate for anatomical distortions involving pelvic organs. Subsequently, reversal of the colpocleisis was undertaken and uneventful. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated and a sacrospinous fixation, anterior vaginal repair, and perineorrhaphy were performed as a secondary restorative procedure for the correction of recurrent prolapse.
Jaw–neck motor strategy during jaw‐opening with resistance load
Authors: Böthun Alicia , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Wiesinger Birgitta , Wänman Anders , Hellström Fredrik , Österlund Catharina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe jaw and neck motor systems have a close functional integration but the effect of resistance load to the mandible during jaw opening on the jaw–neck integration is not known.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of resistance load compared to no load on integrated jaw and neck motor function in individuals free from pain and dysfunction in the jaw and neck regions.MethodsJaw and head movements during continuous jaw opening were recorded with an optoelectronic system (MacReflex®) in 26 pain‐free individuals (14 women, 12 men, mean age 22 years). Jaw opening was performed with and without resistance load (1600 g) to the mandible. The relationship between jaw movement amplitude, head movement amplitude, head/jaw ratio (quotient of head and jaw movement amplitude) and resistance load were modelled using linear mixed‐model analysis. A p‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe expected head/jaw ratio mean was increased by 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.08, p < .001) with resistance load as compared to no load. This corresponds to an increase in expected mean by 55.6%. With resistance load, expected mean head movement amplitude increased by 1.4 mm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.5, p = .018), and expected mean jaw movement amplitude decreased by 3.7 mm (95% CI: −7.0, −0.5, p = .025).ConclusionThere is a compensation and adaptation of integrated jaw–neck motor function with an altered jaw–neck motor strategy during jaw opening with resistance load compared to no load. The head/jaw ratio demonstrates increased proportional involvement of the neck during increased load on the jaw system.
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Modified Balanced Time Perspective Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity Results1
Authors: Kusumi Takashi , Nishikawa Kazuji , Nomura Nobutake , Webster Jeffrey Dean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA balanced time perspective (BTP) is defined as a frequent and equal tendency to think positively about both one's past and future. A BTP is related to greater psychological well‐being, such as life satisfaction and wisdom, and these BTP associations may vary cross‐culturally, although few studies of BTP in non‐Western countries exist. In order to advance cross‐cultural comparisons of BTP, an important methodological step is to validate BTP measures in different cultures. This study aimed to develop and validate a Japanese version of the modified Balanced Time Perspective Scale (mBTPS). Japanese participants (N = 1,020, aged 18–79 years) completed the mBTPS‐J, along with Japanese versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI‐J) and measures of well‐being (life satisfaction and wisdom scales). Factor analysis of the mBTPS‐J resulted in a 27‐item mBTPS‐J consisting of Past, Present, and Future subscales. Correlations between the relevant mBTPS‐J and ZTPI‐J subscales, and with the well‐being measures, supported both convergent and predictive validity, respectively. The demonstrated psychometric strengths of the mBTPS‐J will allow for specific testing of important cross‐cultural questions.
Longitudinal Study on the Relationships between Organizational Factors and Autonomous and Controlled Motivation among Older Japanese Bridge Employees1
Authors: Horiguchi Kouta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLongitudinal relationships between organizational factors and autonomous and controlled motivation among older Japanese bridge employees were investigated. The study sample consisted of 331 older people working in bridge employment at the same organizations where they worked before retirement (Mage = 63.45 years, SD = 3.28 years). Data were taken at two time points 10 months apart. Multiple regression analysis indicated that organizational justice predicted autonomous motivation at Time 2, after controlling for demographic variables and autonomous motivation at Time 1, whereas organizational justice did not predict controlled motivation. Moreover, support from coworkers positively predicted autonomous motivation and negatively predicted controlled motivation at Time 2. These results indicate that optimal organizational environments might promote autonomous motivation and reduce controlled motivation among older workers. It is suggested that organizations develop environments where older workers can receive fair evaluations from their superiors and close relationships with their coworkers.
Examination of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale among Adults Using Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory1,2
Authors: Adachi Keiichiro , Yada Hironori , Odachi Ryo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobally, the COVID‐19 pandemic has impaired every aspect of life, especially causing much psychological damage—for instance, increasing the risk of suicide. Intense fear and anxiety are considered to play a central role in mental health problems. This study examined the psychological properties of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S) using classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Five hundred fifty participants aged 18–69 years and from across Japan completed questionnaires, including the Japanese FCV‐19S, the Japanese Depression Anxiety Stress Scales‐15 (DASS‐15), and the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 (K6). CTT showed that each item of the Japanese FCV‐19S had no ceiling and floor effect and was close to the normal distribution, and IRT revealed that each item had an appropriate parameter of discrimination and difficulty. Finally, the Japanese FCV‐19S was shown to have an acceptable reliability and moderate good concurrent validity. Consequently, the Japanese FCV‐19S has robust psychometric properties and can be useful for early detection of adults impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The Th17/Treg cell balance: crosstalk among the immune system, bone and microbes in periodontitis
Authors: Deng Jianwen , Lu Chunting , Zhao Qingtong , Chen Kexiao , Ma Shuyuan , Li Zejian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeriodontopathic bacteria constantly stimulate the host, which causes an immune response, leading to host‐induced periodontal tissue damage. The complex interaction and imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells may be critical in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Furthermore, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system plays a significant role in periodontitis bone metabolism, and its relationship with the Th17/Treg cell imbalance may be a bridge between periodontal bone metabolism and the immune system. This article reviews the literature related to the Th17/Treg cell imbalance mediated by pathogenic periodontal microbes, and its mechanism involving RANKL/RANK/OPG in periodontitis bone metabolism, in an effort to provide new ideas for the study of the immunopathological mechanism of periodontitis.
Prenatal psychosocial stress and children’s sleep problems: Evidence from the ELSPAC‐CZ study
Authors: Ksinan Jiskrova Gabriela , Pikhart Hynek , Bobák Martin , Klanova Jana , Stepanikova Irena 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPrenatal exposure to maternal stress may increase the risk of developing sleep problems in childhood. This study examined the association between prenatal stressful life events (PSLE) and children’s sleep problems, taking into consideration their trajectory over time. Data were obtained from the Czech portion of the European Longitudinal Cohort Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC‐CZ; N = 4,371 children). Mothers reported PSLE using an inventory of 42 life events and child sleep problems at five time‐points (child age of 1.5, 3, 5, 7, and 11 years). The association was tested by a Poisson latent growth model, controlling for maternal and family demographics, birth characteristics, maternal depression, and alcohol use in pregnancy. The average rate of sleep problems was 2.06 (p < 0.001) at the age of 1.5 years and the rate of sleep problems decreased in a linear fashion over time (estimate = −0.118; p < 0.001). A higher number of PSLE was associated with a higher rate of sleep problems at the age of 1.5 years (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per interquartile range = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.12, p < 0.001) and with a reduced rate of decrease in sleep problems between the ages of 1.5 and 11 years (p < 0.001). Thus, PSLE were associated with chronicity of sleep problems in addition to their amount during early childhood. Prenatal exposure to stress may predispose individuals to the development of sleep problems in later life.
Airway remodeling in horses with mild and moderate asthma
Authors: Bessonnat Amandine , Hélie Pierre , Grimes Carolyn , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a remodeling of the central airways in horses with severe asthma but whether a similar process occurs in horses with the mild or moderate asthma (MMA) is unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate lesions affecting the central airways of horses with MMA.AnimalsTwelve horses with MMA and 8 control horses.MethodsCase‐control retrospective study of horses classified as MMA affected or controls based on history and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology. Endobronchial biopsies were analyzed using histomorphometry and a semiquantitative histologic scoring system.ResultsHistomorphometry identified epithelial hyperplasia (47 μm2/μm [34‐57 μm2/μm];P = .02), a thickened lamina propria (166 μm [73‐336 μm];P = .04), and smooth muscle fibrosis (42% [33%‐78%];P = .04) in horses with MMA when compared to controls horses (24 μm2/μm [21‐80 μm2/μm]; 76 μm [36‐176 μm]; and 33% [26%‐52%], respectively). The semiquantitative score results indicated, in horses with MMA, the presence of epithelial hyperplasia (7 of the 12 horses with MMA and only 1 of the 8 control horses had a score of 1/1), and submucosal inflammatory leucocytes in the central airway (11 of the 12 horses with MMA and only 4 of the 8 control horses had a score ≥ 1/2).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceTissue remodeling of the bronchial lamina propria, epithelium, and smooth muscle was present in horses with MMA.
Invading rain forest pioneers initiate positive fire suppression feedbacks that reinforce shifts from open to closed forest in eastern Australia
Authors: Baker Andrew G. , Catterall Claudia , Benkendorff Kirsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuestionSuppression of Aboriginal burning and wildfire from forests in which fires were historically frequent may trigger environmental changes that further suppress fire frequency and intensity. In high‐rainfall regions of eastern Australia, long‐unburnt open forests are frequently invaded by rain forest pioneer trees, which in turn modify open‐forest understorey structure and composition. We examine altered understorey fuel properties as potential fire suppression feedback mechanisms reinforcing switches from fire‐dependent eucalypt open forest to fire‐resistant closed forest.LocationNortheastern New South Wales, Australia.MethodsWe characterized forest understorey leaf traits, plant crown architecture and vegetation structure to test for differences in flammability across a mosaic of contrasting times since fire (recently burnt — 4 years; long unburnt — 16 years) and midstorey composition (open, sclerophyll, rain forest) in subtropical shrubby dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest.ResultsDrivers of flammability were lower in long‐unburnt open forest with a rain forest pioneer midstorey at multiple scales (leaf, foliage clump, crown and stratum) than either long‐unburnt open forests with a sclerophyll midstorey or recently burnt open forest with an open midstorey. Grassy (graminoid) and sclerophyllous shrub fuels declined sharply beneath a rain forest pioneer midstorey, consistent with the fire suppression feedbacks regulating tropical savanna to closed forest transitions. Rain forest pioneers also reduced understorey flammability drivers through floristic compositional changes that increased leaf and foliage clump separation in shrub and midstorey fuel strata, and increased leaf moisture in the shrub stratum.ConclusionOur results suggest that rain forest pioneers are ecosystem engineers that modify open‐forest fuel properties, initiating a positive fire suppression feedback that facilitates their persistence and continued transition to a fire‐resistant closed forest. The fire suppression feedbacks we identify may help explain paleoecological and modern observations of rain forest expansion under high CO2 atmospheres, despite increased temperatures and seasonal drought severity.