bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiphospholipid antibody‐induced trophoblast responses are differentially modulated by viral dsRNA and viral ssRNA
Authors: DeSpenza Rachel A. , Jones Deidre M. , Chamley Lawrence W. , Abrahams Vikki M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProblemWomen with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at increased risk for pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. aPL target the trophoblast and induce a pro‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenic and anti‐migratory profile. Since infection during pregnancy can increase the risk for preeclampsia, a viral infection could further increase this in women with aPL. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of viral components on trophoblast responses to aPL.Method of studyA human first trimester trophoblast cell line was treated with or without aPL or control IgG in the presence of media, viral dsRNA or viral ssRNA. Supernatants were measured for inflammatory IL‐1β and IL‐8; inflammasome‐associated uric acid and caspase‐1 activity; and anti‐angiogenic sFlt‐1. Trophoblast migration was measured using a two‐chamber assay.ResultsViral dsRNA augmented aPL‐induced trophoblast caspase‐1 activity, and IL‐1β and IL‐8 secretion in an additive manner. Viral ssRNA inhibited aPL‐induced uric acid, IL‐1β and sFlt‐1 secretion, and further exacerbated aPL‐inhibition of trophoblast migration.ConclusionWhile viral ssRNA may have some protective effects on aPL‐induced inflammation and anti‐angiogenic responses, viral dsRNA exacerbated aPL‐mediated inflammation and viral ssRNA further limited cell migration, which could prove detrimental to placentation. Thus, viral infections may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with aPL.
Impact of concomitant cardiac valvular surgery during implantation of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices: A European registry for patients with mechanical circulatory support (EUROMACS) analysis
Authors: Loforte Antonio , de By Theo M. M. H. , Gliozzi Gregorio , Schönrath Felix , Mariani Carlo , Netuka Ivan , Pya Yuriy , Zimpfer Daniel , Cavalli Giulio Giovanni , Gummert Jan , Meyns Bart , Pacini Davide , Potapov Evgenij ,   EUROMACS Investigators
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the clinical outcomes after cardiac valvular surgery procedures concomitant (CCPs) with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation compared to propensity score (PS) matched controls using the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) data.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2018, 2760 continuous‐flow LVAD patients were identified. Of these, 533 underwent a CCP during the LVAD implant.ResultsCardiopulmonary bypass time (p < 0.001) and time for implant (p < 0.001) were both significantly longer in the LVAD+CCP group.Hospital mortality was comparable between the two groups from the unmatched population (15.7% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.073). Similarly, short‐to‐mid‐term survival was similar in both groups, with 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival rates of 67.9%, 48.2%, and 27.7% versus 66.4%, 46.1%, and 26%, respectively (log‐rank, p = 0.25). The results were similar in the PS‐matched population. Hospital mortality was comparable between the two groups (18.9% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.074). The short‐to‐mid‐term Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was similar for both groups, with 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival rates of 63.4%, 49.2%, and 24.7% versus 66.5%, 46%, and 25.1%, respectively (log‐rank, p = 0.81).In the unmatched population, LVAD+CCP patients had longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays (p < 0.0001), longer mechanical ventilation time (p = 0.001), a higher rate of temporary right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support (p = 0.033), and a higher rate of renal replacement therapy (n = 35, 6.6% vs. n = 89, 4.0%, p = 0.014). In the PS‐matched population, the LVAD+CCP patients had longer ICU stays (p = 0.019) and longer mechanical ventilation time (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe effect of additive valvular procedures (CCPs) does not seem to affect short‐term survival, significantly, based on our registry data analysis. However, the decision to perform CCPs should be balanced with the projected type of surgery and preoperative characteristics. LVAD+CCP patients remain a delicate population and adverse device‐related events should be strictly monitored and managed.
Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver
Authors: Jin Zidi , Liu Long , Xu Cheng , Yan Chunchi , Li Shuo , Geng Tuoyu , Gong Daoqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGoose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.
Caregiver burden in cerebral palsy: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of caregiver difficulties scale
Authors: Atar Emel , Dilekçi Erdal , Özsoy Ünübol Tuğba , Gündüz Nermin , Atar Murat , Aşkın Ayhan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to translate the caregiver difficulties scale (CDS) into Turkish language and to reveal its reliability and validity in Turkish informal family caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsThis study included 130 participants (39.9 ± 7.8 years; range 24–58 years; 106 females and 24 males). Demographic properties of participants, relationship with the care recipient, income, caregiving time, CP type and diseases of the child (e.g., epilepsy, hydrocephalus and congenital heart disease) and the caregiver were recorded. The CDS, caregiver well‐being scale (CWBS), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL‐BREF) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used for data collection. The internal consistency of the CDS was assessed using the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A test–retest interval of 2 weeks was used to assess the reliability. The intercorrelation of variables was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to find the predictive power of CDS scores for depression.ResultsA total of 130 family caregivers of children with CP completed the test/retest procedures. The Cronbach alpha coefficients were found as 0.878 for the test and 0.852 for the retest. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value was found between 0.83 and 0.90 for test–retest reliability of the CDS. In addition, the CDS showed a significantly strong correlation with CWBS‐activities of living subscale and WHOQOL‐BREF psychological, physical and environment domains, as well as a significantly moderate correlation with CWBS basic needs subscale, BDI and WHOQOL‐BREF general health and social domains. CDS scores that are >46 resulted in a sensitivity of 81.48% and a specificity of 73.79% for moderate–severe depression.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the CDS is a valid and reliable measure for caregiver burden of family caregivers of children with CP.
Parental experiences of educational supports offered during their child's cancer treatment
Authors: Huang Hsiu‐Mei , Yeh Ting‐Chi , Liu Hsi‐Che , Lee Tzu‐Ying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo explore how parents of children with cancer offer educational supports during the treatment process.MethodsBased on a descriptive qualitative method design, 29 mothers and 19 fathers of children with cancer were interviewed on their experiences of supporting their child's education during their child's treatment through semi‐structured interviews.ResultSix themes were summarized from the parents' experiences in supporting their child's education during treatment: initial emphasis on survival over education; educational strategies important when returning to everyday life post‐treatment; parents and educators have different expectations; child's extracurricular activities provided a sense of accomplishment; preparing for transition to school; and long‐term concern was for the child's health and happiness.ConclusionEducation is part of children's normal development, but education is often placed on hold for a child receiving cancer treatment. Parents of children with cancer are unable to focus on the child's education because of the threat to their child's life. When their child's illness stabilizes, they will begin to utilize their resources to arrange lessons to facilitate returning to school. Through understanding parents' learning expectations, medical professionals can support adjustments to parents' attitudes.
Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Crohn's disease and the effect on surgery rates
Authors: Eberhardson Michael , Myrelid Pär , Söderling Jonas K. , Ekbom Anders ,   the SWIBREG Study Group, Everhov Åsa H. , Hedin Charlotte R. H. , Neovius Martin , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Olén Ola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimSurgery is an important therapeutic option for Crohn's disease. The need for first bowel surgery seems to have decreased with the introduction of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; adalimumab or infliximab). However, the impact of TNFi on the need for intestinal surgery in Crohn's disease patients irrespective of prior bowel resection is not known. The aim of this work is to compare the incidence of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients who remain on TNFi treatment versus those who discontinue it.MethodWe performed a nationwide register‐based observational cohort study in Sweden of all incident and prevalent cases of Crohn's disease who started first‐line TNFi treatment between 2006 and 2017. Patients were categorized according to TNFi treatment retention less than or beyond 1 year. The study cohort was evaluated with regard to incidence of bowel surgery from 12 months after the first ever TNFi dispensation.ResultsWe identified 5003 Crohn's disease patients with TNFi exposure: 3748 surgery naïve and 1255 with bowel surgery prior to TNFi initiation. Of these patients, 7% (n = 353) were subjected to abdominal surgery during the first 12 months after the start of TNFi and were subsequently excluded from the main analysis. A majority (62%) continued TNFi for 12 months or more. Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a significantly higher surgery rate compared with patients who continued on TNFi for 12 months or more (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46; p = 0.002).ConclusionTreatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a higher risk of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients compared with those who continued TNFi for 12 months or more.
Long‐term oncological outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic versus open surgery for colon cancer: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Vogelsang Rasmus Peuliche , Fransgaard Tina , Falk Klein Mads , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the effect of laparoscopy versus laparotomy on recurrence status in patients undergoing intended curative resection for stage I–III colon cancer using nationwide data.MethodA retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected nationwide quality assurance data on all patients undergoing elective, intended curative surgery for UICC stage I–III colon cancer in Denmark from 1 January 2010, through 31 December 2013. The association between laparoscopic versus open surgery and recurrence status was investigated using cause‐specific hazard and subdistribution hazard models with death from any cause as a competing event.ResultsIn total, 4369 patients undergoing elective intended curative surgery for colon cancer were included in the analysis. Overall, 3243 (74.2%) patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. During a median follow‐up time of 84 months, 1191 (27.2%) patients experienced recurrence, and 1304 (29.8%) patients died. The cause‐specific hazard of recurrence following laparoscopic versus open surgery was HRCS = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.90–1.28, p = 0.422. The subdistribution hazard of recurrence following laparoscopic versus open surgery was HRSD=0.99, 95% CI: 0.84–1.16, p = 0.880.ConclusionElective laparoscopic resection for UICC stage I–III colon cancer is oncologically safe and comparable with open resection. These results confirm the external validity of previous RCTs in everyday clinical settings.
A randomized crossover study comparing different tacrolimus formulations to reduce intrapatient variability in tacrolimus exposure in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Bunthof Kim L. W. , Al‐Hassany Linda , Nakshbandi Gizal , Hesselink Dennis A. , van Schaik Ron H. N. , ten Dam Marc A. G. J. , Baas Marije C. , Hilbrands Luuk B. , van Gelder Teun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA high intrapatient variability (IPV) in tacrolimus exposure is a risk factor for poor long‐term outcomes after kidney transplantation. The main objective of this trial was to investigate whether tacrolimus IPV decreases after switching patients from immediate‐release (IR)‐tacrolimus to either extended‐release (ER)‐tacrolimus or LifeCyclePharma (LCP)‐tacrolimus. In this randomized, prospective, open‐label, cross‐over trial, adult kidney transplant recipients on a stable immunosuppressive regimen, including IR‐tacrolimus, were randomized for conversion to ER‐tacrolimus or LCP‐tacrolimus, and for the order in which IR‐tacrolimus and the once‐daily formulations were taken. Patients were followed 6 months for each formulation, with monthly tacrolimus predose concentration assessments to calculate the IPV. The IPV was defined as the coefficient of variation (%) of dose corrected predose concentrations. Ninety‐two patients were included for analysis of the primary outcome. No significant differences between the IPV of IR‐tacrolimus (16.6%) and the combined once‐daily formulations (18.3%) were observed (% difference +1.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.1% to ‒4.5%, p = 0.24). The IPV of LCP‐tacrolimus (20.1%) was not significantly different from the IPV of ER‐tacrolimus (16.5%, % difference +3.6%, 95% CI −0.1% to 7.3%, p = 0.06). In conclusion, the IPV did not decrease after switching from IR‐tacrolimus to either ER‐tacrolimus or LCP‐tacrolimus. These results provide no arguments to switch kidney transplant recipients from twice‐daily (IR) tacrolimus formulations to once‐daily (modified‐release) tacrolimus formulations when the aim is to lower the IPV.
Phenotypic and genetic spectrum of incontinentia pigmenti – a large case series
Authors: Hübner Stefanie , Schwieger‐Briel Agnes , Technau‐Hafsi Kristin , Danescu Sorina , Baican Adrian , Theiler Martin , Weibel Lisa , Has Cristina 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackground and objectivesIncontinentia pigmenti is a rare X‐linked dominantly inherited systemic disease affecting primarily the skin but also other neuroectodermal tissues such as teeth, hair, eyes, and the central nervous system.Patients and methodsThis multicenter case series study was conducted at three European departments of Dermatology including 30 patients with incontinentia pigmenti. Twenty patients were evaluated clinically and genetically, another ten only genetically.ResultsThe study included 28 females and two males with a median age of three years. Cutaneous manifestations were present in all 20 patients with clinical data. Stage I was observed in 90 % of those patients. Stage IV was observed as early as one year of age. Dental (81 %), hair (78 %) and neurological anomalies (53 %) were more frequent than previously reported. Fourteen skin biopsies showed typical features of the corresponding stage. Genetic testing of 24 patients revealed the common exon 4–10 deletion in 14 cases and seven other pathogenic variants, including three unpublished mutations. In another three cases, no genetic alterations were found.ConclusionsIn this study, the phenotype ranged from only subtle cutaneous involvement to severe multisystemic disorders. Extracutaneous involvement should be evaluated at the time of diagnosis and in regular intervals, as some manifestations may develop over time.
From unimagined communities to slow hope
Authors: Kull Anne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImagined communities go hand in hand with unimagined communities. Various experiments have been made to imagine metaphorically and narratively our single planetary community. Our pathologies are many, but we do need multiple paths from fear to hope. We have some positive examples where the societies have moved from fear to hope. We need critical hope to break the cycle of oppression and irresponsibility.
Developing and recognising accomplished school leadership in Australia
Authors: Ingvarson Lawrence , De Araugo Jillian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere are many accomplished school leaders in Australia, but the profession has yet to develop credible systems for recognising their impact. This article provides a progress report on research initiated by professional associations of school principals, to provide school leaders with authentic and feasible methods for documenting their practice for purposes such as professional learning and certification. Recent research indicates that successful school principals draw on the same repertoire of leadership practices. Standards for school leadership synthesise this research to form a bridge between research and practice that serves a variety of purposes, including self‐assessment, leadership preparation and development, selection, professional certification and career progression. To be useful, however, the standards need to be operationalised. The article outlines this research program, and the results of a pilot program that field tested methods school principals might use to show how they meet leadership standards in their school context. Procedures for training assessors and setting standards for certification were also developed and tested for their reliability. The article summarises lessons learned during the research about the challenges involved in administering an assessment program and supporting school principals as they describe their leadership, prepare evidence of its efficacy and reflect on its impact.
Mobile application for couple relationships: Results of a pilot effectiveness study
Authors: Troitskaya Olga , Batkhina Anastasia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMobile apps in mental health have seen a significant growth in recent years. Most of them are aimed at treating depression, anxiety, and stress disorders using cognitive behavioural therapy methods and relatively few apps are being developed to address interpersonal issues. This study tested the effectiveness of the iCognito Relationship Program, a self‐help application for couple relationships based on the chatbot technology. A between‐group experimental study was conducted in Russia using the bibliotherapy as a control condition (N = 58, female sample), with results showing that, after 2 weeks, iCognito's users had increased satisfaction, tenderness, constructive communication, as well as commitment to the relationship. Also, indicators for relationship self‐efficacy, communicative skills in relationships, and self‐esteem regarding relationship skills had significantly increased, while level of conflicts had decreased. A medium effect size was reported for most indicators. The participants of an experimental group expressed a high level of satisfaction with the technology and a generally positive attitude towards the idea of working with a “virtual psychologist”‐chatbot on their personal issues. Despite the need to reproduce the research results, iCognito program demonstrates that both mobile application and chatbot technologies can be useful for training individuals’ relationship satisfaction and communication skills, and that they can be more efficient in increasing satisfaction and reducing conflict in relationships than self‐help books.
Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors – pleiotropic functions in insect immunity and metamorphosis
Authors: Vilcinskas Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) enable tissue remodeling and immune responses by degrading extracellular matrix proteins. They are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Mammals produce more than 20 MMPs but insects produce fewer than 3, at odds with the extensive tissue remodeling required during metamorphosis and inflammation. Addressing this apparent paradox, Liuet al. demonstrate the pleiotropic functions of silkworm MMPs and TIMP. They measured expression levels during pupation and during a response to viral infection in transgenic overexpression and knockout lines for selected MMP/TIMP genes. This confirmed the multiple roles of these key enzymes in insect immunity and metamorphosis.Comment onhttps://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16313
ATF2 accelerates the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting the miR‐548p/TUFT1 axis
Authors: Li Zhen‐Jie , Zhang Jin‐Ping , Li Dong‐Ying , Yang Hui‐Yu , Liu Bing‐Rong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimDue to high invasion and metastasis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as one of the most fatal carcinomas. We aim to further investigate regulatory mechanisms of invasion and metastasis to elucidate HCC pathogenesis and develop novel medications.MethodsPatient specimens were collected for assessing gene expression and correlation between gene expressions. The expression of Ki67 and E‐cadherin in subcutaneous xenograft tumor were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), miR‐548p and TUFT1 were determined using Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and PI3K/AKT signaling‐associated markers were examined with western blot. The proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation and transwell assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was assessed via Annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Gene interaction was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assays. Subcutaneous and intravenous xenograft mouse models were established for analyzing HCC growth and metastasis in vivo.ResultsATF2 was up‐regulated in HCC patients and cells. ATF2 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis through directly targeting miR‐548p and controlling its expression. miR‐548p suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and enhanced cell apoptosis. miR‐548p directly bound to the 3′UTR of TUFT1 to restrain its expression and subsequently suppress the PI3K/AKT signaling. ATF2 knock‐down significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of HCC.ConclusionATF2 accelerates HCC progression by promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, which is dependent on regulating the miR‐548p/TUFT1 axis.