bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les formes de régulation de l’activité des élèves
Authors: Bocchi Pier Carlo 
Published: September 2021

Quelques éléments d’une étude comparative centrée sur des séances de lecture et d’écriture sont explicités pour décrire les processus d’étayage de l’activité des élèves développés par les enseignants. Le dispositif concerne deux classes « ordinaires » de première primaire, issues de la partie italophone de la Suisse. En faisant davantage référence à la notion de schème dans l’acception que lui donne Vergnaud, nous allons montrer comment, au cours de l’interaction, l’enseignant peut favoriser des régulations pour réussir (régulations pragmatiques) au détriment de régulations pour comprendre (régulations épistémiques), qui supposeraient une interaction organiquement centrée sur la production de conceptualisations. Dans le but de comprendre l’activité de l’enseignant et de s’interroger sur la pertinence des modalités d’interventions adoptées en fonction des compétences des élèves, notre démarche met en évidence le caractère contre-productif et socialement stigmatisant de certaines pratiques enseignantes. En particulier, notre étude montre que l’action de l’enseignant se caractérise par un jeu dans lequel les régulations pragmatiques et les régulations épistémiques prennent corps en fonction aussi du statut des élèves. Ce genre de pratiques peut avoir pour effet d’amplifier les difficultés des élèves moins avancés et renforcer ainsi la production des inégalités scolaires.
L’organisation des savoirs enseignés et les difficultés d’apprentissage des élèves : l’effet du rapport au savoir de l’enseignant
Authors: Vincent Valérie 
Published: September 2021

Cet article étudie l’organisation réelle des savoirs scolaires par l’enseignant et, au cœur de celle-ci, sa manière d’appréhender les difficultés d’apprentissage des élèves. Nous éprouverons l’hypothèse d’un effet du rapport au savoir de l’enseignant sur cette organisation particulière. Dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale portant sur l’influence du rapport au savoir des enseignants de l’école primaire sur leurs pratiques pédagogiques, notre propos se focalisera sur des extraits d’observation d’une séquence d’enseignement de la préhistoire par un praticien genevois. Il abordera le problème en posant trois questions exploratoires et interdépendantes : quelle est l’organisation singulière, par cet enseignant, des savoirs relatifs à la préhistoire à l’intérieur des activités ? Dans cette organisation singulière, quelle forme prend l’activité cognitive des élèves pour qui les rapports identitaires, cognitifs ou épistémiques au savoir peuvent présenter des difficultés ? Dans quelle mesure le rapport au savoir de l’enseignant observé a-t-il un effet sur son organisation des savoirs enseignés, sur le sens des apprentissages proposés et sur la prévention et/ou le traitement des difficultés ?
Daily Telephone Call During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceptions of Families and Providers
Authors: Fritz Caroline , Claude Laurie-Anne , Hamada Sophie , Trosdorf Mathilde , de la Barre Hugues , Yavchitz Amélie , Clausse Darless , Lemogne Cédric , Godier Anne , Flahault Cécile 
Published: September 2021

Background
In intensive care units (ICUs), the quality of communication with families is a key point in the caregiver-patient-family relationship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital visits were prohibited, and many ICUs implemented a daily telephone call strategy to ensure continuity of communication with patients’ families.

Objective
To assess how family members and health care providers perceived this communication strategy.

Methods
The study was conducted in a 45-bed ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Communication with families consisted of a single daily telephone call from the senior physician in charge of the patient to the patient’s surrogate decision maker. Satisfaction was qualitatively assessed via an anonymous online questionnaire with open-ended questions.

Results
Participants completed 114 questionnaires. Forty-six percent of surrogate decision makers stated that the key medical messages were understandable, but 57% of other family members expressed that the frequency of information delivery was insufficient. Fifty-six percent of the physicians described the practice as functional for the organization of the unit. Among health care providers other than physicians, 55% felt that not having to interact with families decreased their emotional load and 50% mentioned saving time and the absence of task interruptions as positive aspects.

Conclusion
Fixed-time, daily telephone calls in the ICU allowed satisfactory transmission of information between physicians and surrogate decision makers, as perceived by both parties. However, the telephone-based communication strategy could still be improved.
Anti-CD40 Antibodies Fused to CD40 Ligand Have Superagonist Properties
Authors: Ceglia Valentina , Zurawski Sandra , Montes Monica , Bouteau Aurélie , Wang Zhiqing , Ellis Jerome , Igyártó Botond Z , Lévy Yves , Zurawski Gerard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
CD40 is a potent activating receptor within the TNFR family expressed on APCs of the immune system, and it regulates many aspects of B and T cell immunity via interaction with CD40 ligand (CD40L; CD154) expressed on the surface of activated T cells. Soluble CD40L and agonistic mAbs directed to CD40 are being explored as adjuvants in therapeutic or vaccination settings. Some anti-CD40 Abs can synergize with soluble monomeric CD40L. We show that direct fusion of CD40L to certain agonistic anti-CD40 Abs confers superagonist properties, reducing the dose required for efficacy, notably greatly increasing total cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells. The tetravalent configuration of anti-CD40–CD40L Abs promotes CD40 cell surface clustering and internalization and is the likely mechanism of increased receptor activation. CD40L fused to either the L or H chain C termini, with or without flexible linkers, were all superagonists with greater potency than CD40L trimer. The increased anti-CD40–CD40L Ab potency was independent of higher order aggregation. Moreover, the anti-CD40–CD40L Ab showed higher potency in vivo in human CD40 transgenic mice compared with the parental anti-CD40 Ab. To broaden the concept of fusing agonistic Ab to natural ligand, we fused OX40L to an agonistic OX40 Ab, and this resulted in dramatically increased efficacy for proliferation and cytokine production of activated human CD4+ T cells as well as releasing the Ab from dependency on cross-linking. This work shows that directly fusing antireceptor Abs to ligand is a useful strategy to dramatically increase agonist potency.
Biological Effects Associated with Internal and External Contamination of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Sources
Authors: Nautiyal Amit , Mondal Tanmoy , Goel Alpana , Dey Subrata Kumar , Mitra Deepanjan 
Published: September 2021

Aim:
In a Nuclear Medicine department, the risk of external and internal contamination in radiation workers is much higher than in other medical radiation facilities. The risk associated with both types of contaminations should be quantified to estimate the radiation dose received by the personal. Here, we designed an in vitro model to see the impact of internal and external contamination of F-18 and Technetium-99 m (Tc-99 m) on DNA damages.

Methodology:
Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 was used for all of the experiments. Irradiation was performed internally and externally (scenarios activity is mixed with the cell line [Internal] and activity kept at 1 cm distance from cell line [external]) using two different diagnostic radioactive sources (Tc-99 m and F-18) of known quantity 37 MBq. Total cumulated activity (MBq-min) was calculated up to one half-life of sources for both internal and external setups. An alkaline single gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay) was used for DNA damage analysis. Olive tail moment (OTM) was used to characterize DNA damage.

Results:
We have not observed any significant difference (P > 0.05) in OTM between internal and external irradiation for cumulated activity presented before one half-life of both diagnostic isotopes. However, a significant difference in OTM was noted between internal and external irradiation for cumulated activity presented at one half-life of radioactive sources (P < 0.05). DNA damage with internal exposure was found to be 17.28% higher for F-18 and 23% higher for Tc-99 m than external exposure at one half-life of radioactive sources. Overall, we noted greater DNA damage in F-18 as compared to Tc-99 m.

Conclusions:
Our in vitro study practically demonstrated that internal contamination is more hazardous than external exposure.
Comparison between Three Techniques for Determining Glomerular Filtration Rates
Authors: Quoc Thang Nguyen , Thi Kim Dung Nguyen , Dang Tung Pham , Xuan Huy Luong , Tung Truong Thanh 
Published: September 2021

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important indicator of renal function. Many methods have been developed to determine GFR in clinical examinations. This study aims to correlate between radionuclide plasma sampling methods (single and double blood samples, in vitro methods) and in vivo Gate's method using 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renography.

Materials and Methods:
43 patients underwent this study, including 31 renal donors (Group 1) and 12 patients with obstructive uropathy (Group 2). All patients were administered with a range of 5–7 mCi of 99mTc-DTPA. Then, renography performed simultaneously after injection and GFR calculation followed by Gate's method. Blood samples were collected at 60- and 120-min postinjection, samples were counted by a thyroid uptake system, and GFR was calculated using a single plasma sample method (SPSM) and a double plasma sample method (DPSM).

Results:
The mean GFRs calculated by Gate's method in Groups 1 and 2 were 85.8 ± 18.2 ml/min and 118.4 ± 13.9 ml/min, respectively. Meanwhile, using the in vitro blood sampling methods (DPSM and SPSM), the mean GFRs in Group 1 were 73.8 ± 15.4 ml/min and 56.4 ± 20.9 ml/min, respectively, and in Group 2 were 116.8 ± 12.9 ml/min and 106.3 ± 18.5 ml/min, respectively. There is a high correlation between Gate's method and DPSM in two groups (r = 0.86 and 0.72, respectively), and a moderate correlation was found between Gate's method and SPSM in both groups (r = 0.49 and r = 0.37, respectively). The two in vitro methods (DPSM and SPSM) revealed that moderate correlation in both groups (r = 0.74 and r = 0.67, respectively) was observed.

Conclusion:
Renography is a simple method but considered inaccurate for GFR determination. However, in vitro plasma sampling is rarely used in Vietnam. In this study, Gate's method correlated well with DPSM and tended to overestimate GFR. Further, the in vitro methods can be applied to correct the in vivo method as a confirmatory test in some cases.
Chemoinformatic Study and In vitro Bioevaluation of Tc-99m-Labeled N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid in C6 Glioma Cells
Authors: Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Jaswal Radhika Rani , Saini Avneet , Dhawan Devinder Kumar , Chadha Vijayta Dani 
Published: September 2021

Background:
To date, the use of sialic acid that are reported to be elevated during malignancy has been largely unexplored for tumor imaging. The purpose of the present study was to study the modeled stable conformers of n-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its radiolabeled conjugate (Tc-99m-Neu5Ac) through computational chemistry approach and its in-vitro bioevaluation in rat C6 cell lines.

Materials and Methods:
The Neu5Ac was radiolabeled with Tc-99m using stannous reduction method and the radiochemical purity of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac was determined by instant thin layer chromatography. A Cheminformatic study of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac was performed by using Marvin application of ChemAxon. Glioma cancer cells were taken to evaluate the cytotoxicity and binding efficacy of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac.

Results:
Cheminformatic studies exhibited that the most stable conformer of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac is 15 kcal/mol more stable energetically over least stable conformer. The radiochemical yield of Tc-99m labeled Neu5Ac was observed to be greater than 90%. Further, the radiolabeled complex (Tc-99m-Neu5Ac)exhibited specificity for C6 glioma with time and concentration dependent cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Tc-99m-Neu5Ac has the potential to be exploited as an in-vivo radionuclide probe for tumor imaging.
Prediction of Absorbed Dose to Normal Organs with Endocrine Tumors for I-131 by use of 99mTC Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography and Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission Simulation
Authors: Asl Rohollah Ghahraman , Sabbaghi Rezvan , Ahangari Hadi Taleshi , Hejazi Payman , Foroutan Majid 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
This study aimed to predict the dose absorbed by normal organs with neuroendocrine tumors for 131I using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images and Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) simulation.

Materials and Methods:
Four to 5 whole-body planar scan series, along with one SPECT/CT image, were taken from four patients following 99mTc-hynic-Tyr3-octreotide radiotracer injection. After image quantification, the residence time of each organ was calculated using the image analysis and the activity time curves. The energy deposit and dose conversion (S-value) were extracted from the GATE simulation for the target organs of each patient. Using the residence times and S-values, the mean absorbed dose for the target organs of each patient was calculated and compared with the data obtained from the standard method.

Results:
Very close agreement was obtained between the S-value of the self–organ irradiation. The mean percentage difference between the two methods (i.e. GATE and Medical Internal Radiation Dose [MIRD]) was 1.8%, while a weak agreement was observed for cross-organ irradiation. The percentage difference between the total absorbed doses by the organs was 2%. The percentage difference between the absorbed doses obtained for tumors and three considered normal organs estimated by the GATE method was slightly higher than the MIRD method (about 11% on average for tumors).

Conclusion:
Regardless of the small difference between the obtained results for the organs and absorbed doses of the tumors in the present study, patient-specific dosimetry by the GATE methods is useful and essential for therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I due to high cross-dose effects, especially for young adult patients, to ensure the radiation safety and increase the effectiveness of the treatment.
Educational Resources Used by 1st-Year Medical Students
Authors: Mondal Himel , Dutta Sumita , Mondal Shaikat , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Saha Koushik , Mondal Sarika 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
A dynamic teaching–learning environment is being established in Indian medical institutions with the implementation of a competency-based medical education curriculum. This new curriculum may change the previous pattern of usage of educational resources by the medical students. We aimed to explore the pattern of usage of resources by the 1st-year medical students.

Material and Methods:
We invited 1st-year medical students of three medical colleges for an online survey. There were 17 statements in the questionnaire with 5-point Likert-type response options to collect data on the preference of type of classes, frequency of collection of notes, pattern of reading, and usage of multimedia.

Results:
A total of 127 (response rate 42.6%) students participated in the survey. Practical classes were the most preferred type of class followed by small group teaching. Students preferred to take notes from 1-h lectures than making notes while reading books. Traditional textbooks were the most preferred material read by the students followed by the question–answer type book. E-book downloaded on the smartphone was preferred over the online e-book. Internet searches and watching YouTube™ videos were popular than watching e-content provided with the textbook. Discussion and

Conclusion:
In the age of smartphones and the internet, traditional learning resources are still popular among 1st-year medical students. However, learning is reinforced by widely available electronic content. Hence, blended teaching with both traditional and e-resource may be considered by medical teachers.
Wax Versus Plastinated Models in Teaching Human Anatomy to Health-Care Professionals. A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Boscolo-Berto Rafael , Tortorella Cinzia , Macchi Veronica , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Teaching anatomy moved from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. Three-dimensional models help to improve self-learning of basic concepts other than anatomical spatial relationships. Wax and plastinated models were compared for appropriateness and safety in teaching human anatomy to health-care professionals.

Material and Methods:
Randomized crossover trial. The CONSORT checklist for randomized crossover trials was followed. Eighteen volunteer physiotherapy students at the University of Padova were randomized into two crossing-over groups applying to wax and plastinated heart models. Final Likert survey scales were administered.

Results:
They reported that the wax models presented a more pleasant smell, a better chromatic appearance, and superior ease of handling than plastinated models, with a higher degree of perceived biological safety. Wax models were judged less suitable for educational use and for clarifying anatomical doubts, both in assessing external and internal anatomical details.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Overall, the plastinated models were considered more suitable for educational use in teaching internal and external anatomical details. The wax models showed a better appearance, ease of handling, and a minor perceived biological hazard.
Harbin's Index
Authors: Contractor Jaikumar B. , Patel Vipul D. , Vaniya V. H. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Liver cirrhosis is essentially an end stage liver fibrosis that develops as a continuation of normal wound healing in response to chronic liver injury. While 1/4th of cirrhotic livers are morphologically normal in size and configuration, on computerized tomography, over 1/3rd are diffusely atrophic and almost 50% manifest focal hypertrophy most commonly in the caudate lobe concomitant with segmental atrophy of the right lobe.

Aims and Objectives:
To analyze the morphometric measurements of the right lobe and determine the C/RL in human cadaveric liver and compare the values of C/RL ratio to previously documented studies in an attempt to provide baseline data.

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted on 100 human cadaveric livers at Anatomy Department, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat. Morphometric measurements were observed in mm with threads and digital Vernier Caliper.

Results:
The transverse diameter of the right lobe averaged 78.22 ± 12.17 mm, with values ranging at 55.06–98.30 mm. The longitudinal diameter of the right lobe averaged 126.31 ± 20.24 with values ranging at 90.54–172.18 mm. Harbin's Index was calculated as the ratio of the CT to right lobe, i.e., (CT/RT), and averaged 0.38 ± 0.12 with values ranging at 0.17–0.61. Discussion and

Conclusion:
While nodular regeneration within liver parenchyma may be difficult to recognize on ultrasonography and any irregularity of the liver surface may be apparent only with macro nodules or ascitic effusion, caudate lobe hypertrophy is a consistent finding with liver cirrhosis or other chronic liver disease.
The role of nuclear medicine in a case of Rendu–Osler–Weber disease with pulmonary involvement
Authors: Barral Carlyle , Nunes Isabella , Nunes Shirleide , Sanches Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRendu–Osler–Weber syndrome or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare systemic disease. Its primary pathogenic expression is multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and severe hypoxia. A case of suspected pulmonary embolism in a 49-year-old male with intestinal, cardiac, and pulmonary HHT affection is reported. Pulmonary AVM could create an apparent mismatch perfusion defect evident upon ventilation and perfusion scan (V/Q scan), leading to misinterpretation. It reinforces the importance between clinics, anatomy, and functional evaluation. Care must be taken when interpreting V/Q scan and the reporting physician must be alert to the possible sources of errors.
18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT findings in a case of rarely seen metastatic adult extrarenal Wilms' tumor of retroperitoneum presenting as lower limb edema
Authors: Kousik Vankadari , Vaswani Bharat , Milap Milap , Ram Sai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWilms' tumor also called as nephroblastoma is commonly seen extracranial solid tumor involving kidneys in children. Rarely, Wilms' tumor can arise from ectopic nephrogenic remnants located outside the kidneys. Extrarenal Wilms' tumor comprises 3% of total Wilms' tumor with its incidence even less common in adults. We report the staging and restaging fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography findings in a case of locally advanced metastatic extrarenal adult Wilms' tumor involving the retroperitoneum.
The project space of the region: concept, content
Authors: Дзакоев З.Л. 
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрен подход к понятию проектного пространства. Проведен обзор состояния проблемы в научных источниках, уточнено понятие «проектное пространство» и его содержание, определены предпосылки, цели и задачи его исследования
The article considers the approach to the project space. The review of the state of the problem in scientifi c sources is carried out, the concept of «project space» and its content are clarifi ed, the prerequisites, goals and objectives of its research are determined, the content is disclosed
Russian Polar expedition and geopolitical interests at the turn of the XIXth and XXth centuries. Part 2. E.V. Toll’s expeditions and their geopolitical significance
Authors: Докучаев А.Я. , Кулаков Ф.В. , Крехан Г.Р. , Гурбанов А.Г. , Лобанов К.В. , Курдюков Е.Б. , Смольянинова В.Н. , Полякова М.В. 
Published: September 2021

Русская Полярная экспедиция (РПЭ) была важна с точки зрения геополитических интересов России: она имела широкий научный и общественный резонанс, находилась под Высочайшим покровительством президента Императорской Академии наук Великого князя Константина Константиновича. Оставшиеся в живых участники РПЭ и их последователи преодолели все сложности для того, чтобы спасти и сохранить геологические коллекции, собранные Э.В. Толлем на Таймыре и Новосибирских островах. Научные данные, полученные в ходе экспедиции, были столь значительны, что их обработка продолжалась вплоть до «дела Академии наук» (1929–1931 гг.) и ее реорганизации. Геологические образцы и некоторые документы Русской Полярной и других экспедиций с участием Э.В. Толля хранятся ныне в Рудно-петрографическом музее ИГЕМ РАН и доступны для дальнейших исследований.
The Russian Polar Expedition (RPE) was important for Russian geopolitical interests: it had a broad social and academic resonance and was under the auspices of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, the President of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences. The survived personnel of RPE and their followers managed to overcome the diffi culties to preserve the geological collections gathered by E.V. Toll at the Taimyr Peninsula and New Siberian Islands. The scientifi c results of the expedition were of paramount importance and were continuously studied and processes until the lawsuit of «The Plot at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR» was launched in 1929–1931, after which the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was reorganized. Geological samples and some documents of the Russian Arctic and other expeditions with the participation of E.V. Toll are now housed at the Ore and Petrographic Museum at IGEM RAS and are available for further studies.