bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign and Malignant Part-Solid Nodules: Differentiation Via Thin-Section Computed Tomography
Authors: Chu Zhi-gang , Li Wang-jia , Lv Fa-jin , Tan Yi-wen , Fu Bing-jie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary part-solid nodules (PSNs) are reported to have a high possibility of malignancy, while benign PSNs are not rare. This study aimed to reveal the differences between benign and malignant PSNs by comparing their thin-section CT features.Methods: Patients with PSNs confirmed by postoperative pathological examination or follow-up (at the same period) were retrospectively enrolled from March 2016 to January 2020. The clinical data of patients and CT features of benign and malignant PSNs were reviewed and compared. The binary logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal predictors of malignant PSNs.Results: A total of 119 PSNs in 117 patients (mean age, 56 years ± 11 [standard deviation]; 70 women) were evaluated. Of the 119 PSNs, 44 (37.0%) were benign, and 75 (63.0%) were malignant (12 adenocarcinomas in situ, 22 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas, and 41 invasive adenocarcinomas). Between benign and malignant PSNs, there were significant differences in patients’ age and smoking history. Regarding CT characteristics, malignant lesions and benign lesions significantly differed in CT features of whole nodule, internal solid component, and peripheral ground-glass opacity. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that well-defined border (odds ratio [OR], 4.574; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.186-17.643; P=0.027) and lobulation (OR, 61.739; 95% CI, 5.230-728.860; P=0.001) of nodule, and irregular shape (OR, 9.502; 95% CI, 1.788-50.482; P=0.008) and scattered distribution (OR, 13.238; 95% CI, 1.359-128.924; P=0.026) of internal solid components were significant independent predictors distinguishing malignant PSNs.Conclusions: Well-defined and lobulated PSNs with irregular and scattered solid components have a high probability of being malignant.
Impact of cavity on interatomic Coulombic decay
Authors: Cederbaum Lorenz , Kuleff Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The impact of quantum light on interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) is investigated. In ICD the excess energy of an excited atom A is efficiently utilized to ionize a neighboring atom B. In quantum light an ensemble of atoms A form polaritonic states which can undergo ICD with B. It is shown that this process is dramatically altered compared to classical ICD. The ICD rate depends sensitively on the atomic distribution and orientation of the ensemble. General consequences are discussed.
The Consistency Testing and Improving of A Hematuria Colorimetric Card
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Luping , Zhang Jianghui , Ding Li , Dai Yun , Luo Jie , He Qingwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: A Hematuria colorimetric card could unify the description of gross hematuria, but the consistency in assessing hematuria samples of a hematuria colorimetric card for gross hematuria is still inconclusive. The consistency testing and improving of hematuria colorimetric card has potential clinical application value.Methods: According to 6 color scales (0~5), 31 hematuria samples were made. One sample was used to explain the use of hematuria colorimetric cards, and then the evaluator was asked to describe the color. After the remaining 30 samples were arranged in a random number table, 30 evaluators independently completed the hematuria sample assessment under the same conditions. Kendall W coordination coefficient was used to test inter-observer consistency. After 1 hour, 30 hematuria samples were rearranged by random digital table method, 15 of which were randomly selected from 30 evaluators, and 30 samples were evaluated independently under the same conditions. Adopt the method of Kappa to test the consistency of the two evaluation results. Results: In the study, the evaluator lacked unity in describing the same hematuria color, including six groups of descriptive words: gross hematuria, light blood, light red, blood, scarlet, carmine. Inter-observer (inter-group) consistency test, Kendall coordination factor was 0.881(F=766.34), P<0.05), the result indicats higher inter-observer agreement. For intra-observer (intra-group) consistency test, the kappa value of nurses was 0.909~1(P<0.05), the value of doctors was 0.818~0.95(P<0.05), and the value of students was 0.863~0.911(P<0.05), the results showed that intra-observer agreement was also high. Consistency results between grade evaluation results of hematuria samples and standard color numbers: the average consistency of evaluation results of standard color numbers 0~5 was 100%, 100%, 94.2%, 65.2%, 38%, 65.8% respectively. The the 4th color block with low discrimination in the primary hematuria colorimetric card was eliminated, and the 5th color block was reassigned to 4th. Thus the modified hematuria colorimetric card was divided into 5 grades.Conclusions: The improved hematuria colorimetric card has good consistency in hematuria evaluation and is an effective tool for evaluating hematuria grade, which is helpful to unify the evaluation standard of gross hematuria grade.
Three-Dimensional Deep Learning to Automatically Generate Cranial Implant Geometry
Authors: Chang Yau-Zen , Wu Chieh-Tsai , Yang Yao-Hung 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a 3D deep learning framework that can generate a complete cranial model using a defective one. The Boolean subtraction between these two models automatically generates the geometry of the implant required for surgical reconstruction. There is little or no need for post-processing to eliminate noise in the implant model generated by the proposed approach. The framework can be used to meet the repair needs of cranial imperfections caused by trauma, congenital defects, plastic surgery, or tumor resection. Traditional implant design methods for skull reconstruction rely on the mirror operation. However, these approaches have great limitations when the defect crosses the plane of symmetry or the patient's skull is asymmetrical. The proposed deep learning framework is based on an enhanced three-dimensional autoencoder. Each training sample for the framework is a pair consisting of a cranial model converted from CT images and a corresponding model with simulated defects on it. Our approach can learn the spatial distribution of the upper part of normal cranial bones and use flawed cranial data to predict its complete geometry. Empirical research on simulated defects and actual clinical applications shows that our framework can meet most of the requirements of cranioplasty.
Paradoxical fMRI overconnectivity upon chemogenetic silencing of the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Rocchi Federico , Canella Carola , Noei Shahryar , Gutierrez-Barragan Daniel , Coletta Ludovico , Galbusera Alberto , Vassanelli Stefano , Pasqualetti Massimo , Iurilli Giuliano , Panzeri Stefano , Gozzi Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While shaped and constrained by axonal connections, fMRI-based functional connectivity can reorganize in response to varying interareal input or pathological perturbations. However, the causal contribution of regional brain activity to whole-brain fMRI network organization remains unclear. Here we combine neural silencing, resting-state fMRI and in vivo electrophysiology to causally probe how inactivation of a cortical node affects brain-wide fMRI coupling in the mouse. We find that chronic suppression of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) via overexpression of a potassium channel paradoxically increases fMRI connectivity between the silenced area and its direct thalamo-cortical terminals. Acute chemogenetic inactivation of the PFC reproduces analogous patterns of fMRI overconnectivity, with increased fMRI coupling between polymodal thalamic regions and widespread cortical areas. Using multielectrode electrophysiological recordings, we further show that chemogenetic inactivation of the PFC results in enhanced slow (0.1 - 4 Hz) oscillatory coupling between fMRI overconnected areas, and that changes in δ band coherence are linearly correlated with corresponding increases in fMRI connectivity. These results provide causal evidence that cortical inactivation does not necessarily lead to reduced inter-areal coupling, but can counterintuitively increase fMRI connectivity via enhanced, less-localized slow oscillatory processes, with important implications for modelling and understanding fMRI overconnectivity in pathological states.
Saliva-Dry LAMP: A Rapid Near-Patient Detection System for SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Toppings Noah , Mohon Abu , Lee Yoonjung , Kumar Hitendra , Lee Daniel , Kapoor Raitk , Singh Gurmukh , Oberding Lisa , Abdullah Omar , Kim Keekyoung , Berenger Byron , Pillai Dylan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The highly infectious nature of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates the use of widespread testing to control the spread of the virus. Presently, the standard molecular testing method (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) is restricted to the laboratory, time-consuming, and costly. This increases the turnaround time for getting test results. The study sought to develop a rapid, near-patient saliva-based test for COVID-19 with similar accuracy to that of standard RT-PCR tests. A lyophilized dual-target reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) test with fluorometric detection by the naked eye. The assay relies on dry reagents that are room temperature stable. A device containing a centrifuge, heat block, and blue LED light system was manufactured to reduce the cost of performing the assay. This test has a limit of detection of 1 copy/µL and achieved positive percent agreement of 100% [95% CI 88.43% to 100.0%] and negative percent agreement of 96.7% [95% CI 82.78% to 99.92%] on saliva. Saliva-Dry LAMP can be completed in 105 minutes. Precision, cross-reactivity, and interfering substances analysis met international regulatory standards. The combination of ease of sample collection, dry reagents, visual detection, low capital equipment cost, and excellent analytical sensitivity make Saliva-Dry LAMP particularly useful for resource-limited settings.
Bifunctional biomorphic SiC ceramics embedded molten salts for ultrafast thermal and solar energy storage
Authors: Qiao Xu , Liu Xianglei , Luo Qinyang , Song Yanan , Wang Haolei , Chen Meng , Xuan Yimin , Li Yongliang , Ding Yulong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for thermal energy storage due to possessing large energy storage densities and maintaining nearly a constant temperature during charging/discharging processes. However, the intrinsically low thermal conductivity of PCMs has become a bottleneck for rapid energy transport and storage. Here, we present a strategy to achieve ultrafast solar and thermal energy storage based on biomorphic SiC skeletons embedded NaCl-KCl molten salts. A record-high thermal conductivity of 116 W/mK is achieved by replicating cellular structure of oak wood, leading to an ultrafast thermal energy storage rate compared with molten salts alone. By further decorating TiN nanoparticles on SiC skeletons, the solar absorptance is enhanced to be as high as 95.63 % via exciting broadband plasmonic resonances. Excellent thermal transport and solar absorption properties enable designed composites to have bifunctional capabilities of harvesting both thermal energy and solar energy very rapidly. This work opens a new route for the design of bifunctional energy storage materials for ultrafast solar and thermal energy storage.
Metabolic Syndrome Components and the Risk of Pulmonary Nodules: A Cross‐sectional Study in Northern China
Authors: Chen Chengshui , Zhu Mingyang , Chen Xueyu , Zhou Yong , Zhang Xiaocheng , Shi Qiangqiang , Zhou Tengfei , Hu Yiran , Chen Junjie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: The components of metabolic syndrome have been shown to be associated with lung cancer. Pulmonary nodules (PNs), early predictors of lung cancer, have become common incidental findings with the widespread use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) but few epidemiological studies have been performed. The present study aimed to determine the association between MetS and/or its components with PNs in Chinese adults.Methods:A total of 3,340 participants (51.4% women) aged 18 years or older were included from the Jidong communities. MetS was defined by the criteria from the American Heart Association, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). PNs were detected using LDCT. Results:The prevalence rate of PNs was 19.2% in participants with MetS, while 12.8% in healthy controls (P<0.001). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence internal (CI) for PNs in participants with elevated blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or on drugs for treatment of hypertension) was OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51. Compared to individuals without MetS components, the ORs (95% CI) for PNs development among those with 1, 2, and ≥3 MetS components were 1.25 (0.94–1.67), 1.10 (0.82–1.48), and 1.43 (1.08–1.89), respectively (P for trend =0.04). Moreover, individuals with MetS had an approximately 30% increased risk of PNs than those who did not meet the MetS diagnostic criteria (number of MetS components<3) ( OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61). Conclusion:The present study suggested that PNs was associated with abnormal MetS components in Chinese adults. Individuals with MetS might have a higher PNs risk than those without MetS.
Association Between The Point-Rating System Used for Oral Health and The Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacilli in Hematological Inpatients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Yoshizawa Kunio , Moroi Akinori , iguchi Ran , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Ogihara Shinji , Nakajima Kei , Kirito Keita , Ueki Koichiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Gram-negative bacteremia is a major cause of death among hematology inpatients who require heavy-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) is more likely to be detected when the oral health is poor. However, there is a dearth of studies on the relationship between oral assessment and prevalence of GNB in hematology inpatients.Methods: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the original point-rating system for oral health examinations (point-oral exam) and the prevalence of GNB in hematology inpatients at the hematology ward of the Yamanashi University Hospital. GNB was detected by cultivating samples from the sputum and blood of each patient.Results: A total of 129 subjects underwent a medical checkup and point-oral exam. The sputum and blood culture results of 55 patients were included in this study. The total points of patients positive for GNB (n = 25, 45.5%) were significantly higher than those who were negative for GNB (total score: median, 25th, 75th, percentile; 6 (4, 7) vs 2 (1, 4); p = 0.00016). Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis, a cutoff score of 5 proved to be most useful to detect GNB.Conclusion: An oral evaluation with a cutoff value of 5 or higher in the point-oral exam might indicate the need for a more thorough oral management to prevent the development of systemic infections from GNB.
Beneficial Effects of Liposome Containing Arthrocen (ROCEN)) on Atopic Dermatitis in Mice
Authors: Goudarzi Ramin , Eskandarynasab Maryam , Muhammadnejad Ahad , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Partoazar Alireza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused mainly by the immune stimulus. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of liposome containing arthrocen (ROCEN) and its comparison with betamethasone (Beta) on mice subjected to AD. Methods: First of all, the risk assessment of ROCEN sensitization was done, then mice were subjected to oxazolone (Oxa) for chronic AD induction and treatment. Scratching and wiping behaviors related to dermatitis were evaluated in animals treated topically with ROCEN. The histological and immunohistochemistry analysis of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were conducted to the dorsal skin of treated rats. Results: The results showed that cutaneous administration of ROCEN on sensitized mice for 5 weeks, alleviated significantly scratching and wiping symptoms, erythema, scaling, and edema in animals’ skin. Moreover, histological indices showed that ROCEN reduced effectively leucocyte infiltration and improved skin healing parameters in AD mice. Immunohistochemically markers of IL-8 and TNF-α were hindered significantly by ROCEN in dermal tissues of mice. Conclusion: ROCEN potentiated alleviation of the AD symptoms rather than betamethasone drug in an experimental model.
Stress Urinary Incontinence After Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: ye haixia , codas ricardo , daily theresa , badet lionel , colombel marc , fassi-fehri hakim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during the first year after HoLEP.Patients and Methods: This study presents a monocentric and retrospective study including 155 patients who underwent HoLEP for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The surgeries were performed by 2 expert surgeons. The continence was evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The predictive factors of SUI were analysed by logistic regression.Results:The SUI rate at 1, 3 and 6 months was 11.3%, 10.7% and 4.1% respectively. SUI remained present in 4 patients (2.6%) at 12 months. The mean ICIQ-SF scores in patients with SUI were 10.3±6.09 and 8±4.24 at 1 and 12 months respectively (p <0.05). BMI>30 (OR, 4.69; 95% CI, 1.51–14.52; p=0.007) and patients over 70 years old (OR, 16.23; 95% CI, 1.96–134.09; p=0.010) were identified as independent risk factors for SUI at 1 and 3 months respectively.Conclusion: SUI after HoLEP is transitory in most cases. It is favoured by a high BMI and an age over 70. These criteria should be considered before choosing the operative technique and preventive measures must be taken in high-risk patients.
Entropy of Chaotic Transitions of EEG Phase Growth in Bipolar Disorder With Lithium Carbonate
Authors: Demirer Rüştü , Kesebir Sermin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The application of chaos theory measures in the association of EEG signals which allows for differentiating pre and postmedicated epochs for bipolar patients. We propose a new approach on positive Schwarzian chaos necessary for a proof of EEG power spectrum of metastability. Shannon entropies of those concealed patterns of positive Schwarzian derivatives from canonical angle transformations of EEG phases from Hilbert transform are compared and found significantly statistical different between pre and post medication periods. Entropy change of chaotic transition measures were compared at first baseline and then at the end of first hour of 300 mg lithium carbonate intake for the same subject in depressive patients. With an application of Schwarzian derivative on the prediction of the von Bertalanffy’s models, integration and segregation of phase growth orbits of neural oscillations can be understood as an influence of chaos on mixing of frequencies. A first order curve-fitting function was performed to determine bifurcation parameter of von Bertalanffy’s model at each given overlapped EEG segment. Schwarzian derivative was positive near the origin which revealed robust chaos. We founded that treatment with Lithium carbonate significantly altered Schwarzian spectrum of chaotic structure and entropy change in Schwarzian amplitudes even though it was not observed in classical EEG power spectrum. Lithium carbonate reduced the strong chaos spectrum of EEG Schwarzian dynamics and removed sharp boundaries in bipolar spectrum.
Identification of Novel Mutations of the CLCN-1 and SCN4A Genes in Non-dystrophic Myotonia in China
Authors: Meng Yanxin , Liu Chunmiao , Yu Mei , Zhang Haijuan , Yang Yuxiu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to characterize the genetic, pathological and clinical alterations of 17 patients in China presenting with non-dystrophic myotonia (NDM). Methods: We first sequenced the CLCN-1 gene in patients having clinical features and muscle pathology indicative of NDM. If no mutations were detected, we subsequently analyzed the SCN4A, KCNE3 and CACNA1S genes. Results: As determined by needle electromyography, patients may have accompanying atypical myopathy as well as muscle hypertrophy, secondary dystonia and joint contracture All participants in this study were administered mexiletine in combination with carbamazepine and showed significant improvements in their myotonia symptoms. Routine pathological examinations showed mild abnormalities in muscle pathology. Oxidative enzyme activity was decreased in many fibers. ATPase studies of fiber subtypes demonstrated a predominance of type 2A fibers and a complete absence of type 2B muscle fibers in patients with CLCN-1 mutations. CLCN-1 gene mutations were found in 8 cases diagnosed with myotonia congenital by gene screening. The detected mutations included 5 missense, 2 nonsense, 1 deletion and 2 insertions, and these CLCN-1 mutations were concentrated in exons 8 and 12. Further gene analysis showed 4 mutations in the SCN4A gene in patients diagnosed with paramyotonia congenita. One of these mutations was consistent with a previously reported mutation, whereas 3 mutations were novel. All of these novel mutations occurred within “hot spots” of exons 22 and 24. Five patients with NDM lacked any identifiable mutations in CLCN-1, SCN4A, CACNA1S or KCNE3. Conclusions: Myotonia congenita and paramyotonia congenita are the predominant forms of NDM in China. NDM may be best diagnosed using genetic analysis in combination with clinical features. New mutations of the CLCN-1 and SCN4A genes in patients with NDM were detected, we postulate that novel pathogenic genes for NDM occur in China.
miR-124-3p enhances dendritic cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity by targeting CYLD/4-1BBL pathway
Authors: Lei Yujie , Li Wujin , Chen Yangming , Chen Kai , Huang Yunchao , Chen Ying , Jiang Guicheng , Zhang Jiguang , Lin Xing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate miR-124-3p regulation of DC-mediated immune response via CYLD/4-1BBL pathway, and the inhibitory effect of miR-124-3p on lung cancer.Methods: DCs were cultured and amplified in vitro, and then transfected with miR-124-3p mimic, miR-124-3P inhibitor, or siRNA CYLD. Double luciferase reporter genes were used to detect the target relationship between miR-124-3p and CYLD. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CYLD and 4-1BBL. Flow cytometry was used to assess the proliferation rate of CD4+ T cells co-cultured with untransfected DCs and those transfected with miR-124-3p mimic or miR-124-3p inhibitor. C57BL/6 tumor bearing mice, implanted with LL/2 lung adenocarcinoma cells, were administered DCs transfected with the miR-124-3p mimic or untransfected DCs. The tumor size and weight of mice were then measured. Results: miR-124-3p and CYLD3’UTR contained target-binding site, and overexpression of miR-124-3p enhanced the expression of CYLD and 4-1BBL. CD4+ T cells co-cultured with miR-124-3p mimic-transfected DCs showed significantly increased proliferation. In tumor-bearing mice, tumor inhibition rate was 73.5%, and tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased after the administration of DCs containing the miR-124-3p mimic.Conclusions: The expression of CYLD was regulated by miR-124-3p, which, in turn, increased the expression of 4-1BBL. miR-124-3p regulated DCs function via CYLD/4-1BBL cascade. miR-124-3p plays important roles in DCs-induced T cells, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity.