bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion of “Proposed use of the T phase in tsunami warning systems”*
Authors: Leet L. Don 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEwing, Tolstoy, and Press of Columbia University reported that “a striking correlation between the occurrence of a short-period earthquake phase (T phase) traveling through the ocean with the speed of sound in sea water and the occurrence of tsunamis has been observed.”Their statements about the characteristics of T are incorrect in every essential detail.For the Pacific Ocean, they list five tsunami between 1933 and 1946, of which the largest, on April 1, 1946, was generated by an earthquake for which no T was recorded. They neglect to mention the earthquake of January 23, 1938, near Hawaii, which produced the largest T recorded on the Pacific coast to date, but no tsunami. The importance of these outstanding exceptions, errors in reporting the data, and uncertainty concerning the actual number of T phases recorded on the Pacific coast combine to make the evidence for any value of T as a tsunami warning decidedly inconclusive.In the Atlantic, the proposal that T be used as a tsunami warning reduces to an absurdity. Ewing, Tolstoy, and Press state that between 1939 and 1948 “20 Dominican Republic shocks produced T phases,” and that one of them was followed by a definite tsunami. Actually, more than 200 Dominican Republic shocks produced T within that span of years, and many in other Atlantic regions. With one minor tsunami among 200 to 250 T phases, the correlation is not impressive.
Longitudinal waves through the Earth's Core*
Authors: Denson M. E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Amplitudes, periods, and travel times of the longitudinal P′ or PKP core waves have been investigated. Results indicate that the epicentral distance of the main focal point and the travel time of P′ phases vary with the periods of the waves. This variation would seem reasonably explained in terms of dispersion. The point of reversal in the travel-time curve of the waves through the outer core is believed to lie near 157°. Data suggest a discontinuity between 120° and 125° rather than 110°. Anomalies existing in energy, period, and travel-time relationships of the P′ phases indicate that current concepts of velocity distribution and of propagation paths within the core are in need of modification.
A study and evaluation of the tripartite seismic method of locating hurricanes*
Authors: Donn William L. , Blaik Maurice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tripartite records from the U. S. Navy stations at Bermuda, Cherry Point, and Miami were studied in detail for the 1950 hurricane season. Following a discussion of the theoretical error expected in this study, the results of single and average azimuth computation are given. Since the error between computed and observed storm azimuths exceeds the theoretical by a considerable amount, a study of the causes of the errors was undertaken. The difficulties are considered to result from instrumentations and procedure, lack of wave coherence at the three elements of the tripartite net, and refraction or multiple wave paths.
A large range in velocities was observed, with indications that the lower values are the more reliable. Selection on a velocity basis gives somewhat better success than averaging all readings over the chosen interval of time. Suggestions for improvement of the instrumentation program are given.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: ASSOCIATING THINKING STYLE PROFILES AND INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Rizwan Sidra , Mahmood Nasir 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aimed to find the association between teachers' thinking style profile types (TSPT-I, II, and III) instructional practices (IPs) at the secondary school level in Pakistan.
Methodology: The sample of the study was 550 teachers in public sector schools of district Sialkot. Thinking style inventory (TSI-RII) based on a 7-point Likert type scale was used to collect data for the identification of (TS). Frequency distribution and Pearson chi-square were used to analyze the data.
Main Findings: The results revealed that the teachers in (TSPT-I) preferred using Concept Accomplishment, Simulations, cooperative Learning, Homework, and Reinforcement, whereas teachers in (TSPT-II)Rich Vocabulary, Lecturing, Daily Assessment, Concept Accomplishment, and teachers in(TSPT-III)Cooperative Learning, Rich Vocabulary, Reinforcement, Simulations, and Daily Assessment as a set of (IPs).
Application of the study: This study may help the teacher trainers and school principals to understand the thinking styles of the teachers and their preferences for the certain set of instructional practices to focus the preferences of the teachers according to their thinking style profiles to save time and money.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Teacher training programs are conducted on the assumption that all the teachers can be trained uniformly regardless of their preferences for instructional practices. But this study has shown the association between thinking style profiles and set of instructional practices and secondary school level.
Generation of Human Elongating Multi-Lineage Organized (EMLO) Gastruloids
Authors: Olmsted Zachary T. , Paluh Janet L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The inaccessibility of scientific discovery to human development at post-implantation, including specialization and differentiation, necessitates sophisticated heterogenous 3D in vitro models. This protocol describes the generation and self-organization of human elongating multi-lineage organized (EMLO) gastruloids in suspension without the need for supplied extracellular matrix (ECM). EMLO gastruloids can be matured to large organoid states comprised of interconnected tissue microstructures of the trunk. These include correlates of the neuromesodermal progenitor-derived central nervous system, the neural crest cell-derived peripheral nervous system, the endoderm-derived primitive gut tube, and the mesoderm-derived splanchnic mesenchyme. Herein, we provide critical details for the reproducible generation of human EMLOs in vitro.
Optimum Composition of Developed Additive Based Insect Repellent Paint
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan , Hassan Faiza , Noor Sana , Ahmad Munir , Rashid Khalid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Active compounds of Cymbopogon winterianius, Cymbopogoncitratus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Cedrus, and Eugenol, have been reported to have different insect repellant compounds. Control and development of natural insect repellent additive based decorative coating has driven this work to incorporate the essential oils with long chain fatty acids in water-based lab developed conventional paint. In this work, the Additive based Paint was formulated and its ability to repel different insects was determined. The optimum composition of developed additive based paint was determined by three standard paint analyses which were adhesion, elasticity and insect repellency. As per challenge of Pigment powder and Polymer use for such paint is achieved by testing on Latest instruments. The best composition of additive in paint was found to be 15%. Where it able to repel Pavement Ants, non-biting Flies, Mosquitoes and Black field ant with 80% efficiency. It is envisioned that the formulated paint is effectively function as insect repellent thus as an alternative way to reduce the insect-borne diseases.
A (hopefully) comprehensive solution to the Newcomb's problem
Authors: Lasserre Dimitri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Newcomb's problem has been discussed in the philosophical literature for more than fifty years. So far quarrels mainly oppose causalism on the one hand, and evidentialism on the other hand. This paper wants to explain why causalists are right from a certain point of view, and why they should one-box --- instead of keeping two-boxing. The Newcomb's problem can be thought in terms of possible worlds. I assume here that this problem does not happen in our world, but it occurs in a world where causality and rationality obey different rules. But, in any cases, when the predictor is reliable, the player must one-box.
q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy N-Soft Aggregation Operators and Corresponding Applications to Multiple-Attribute Group Decision Making
Authors: Zhang Haidong , Nan TaiBen , He Yanping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, by integrating the q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) with the N-soft set (NSS), we first propose a q-rung orthopair fuzzy N-soft set (q-ROFNSS). Based on the q-ROFNSS, then we explore the q-rung orthopair fuzzy N-soft weighted average (q-ROFNSWA) operator and q-rung orthopair fuzzy N-soft weighted geometric (q-ROFNSWG) operator, and investigate some properties of the q-ROFNSWG operator and q-ROFNSWG operator including idempotency, monotonicity and boundedness. Finally, two kinds of multiple-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) methods based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy N-soft aggregation operators are established. In addition, a practical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of the new decision-making approaches. Through comparison with existing methods, the advantages of our method are elaborated.
Development of a Mathematical Model to Calculate Accumulated Solid Waste: An Experiments and Statistical Sampling.
Authors: Alare Taiwo , Alare Kehinde 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In newest development, waste is being refined into a biofuel or recycled. Waste management has being an important factor in community development. The transformation of waste into useful materials has received much work. Therefore, database must be developed to know the amount of waste accumulated or generated over a given period of time. Taken into consideration the burning and recycle reduction factor, incremental factor and degradable waste ratio. This paper look for a mathematical formula that can be used to generate data for amount of solid waste accumulated over time for geographical location in respect of mass.
Computational Determination of Toxicity Risks Associated with a Selection of Approved Drugs having Demonstrated Activity Against COVID- 19
Authors: Aminpour Maral , Miranda-Delgado Williams , Wacker Soren , Noskov Sergey , Houghton Michael , Tyrrell D. Lorne , Tuszynski Jack A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) at late 2019 has caused a devastating global pandemic of the severe pneumonia-like disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although vaccines have been and are being developed, they are not accessible to everyone and not everyone can receive these vaccines. Also, it typically takes more than 10 years until a new therapeutic agent is approved for usage. Therefore, repurposing of known drugs can lend itself well as a key approach for significantly expediting the development of new therapies for COVID-19.MethodsWe have been incorporated machine learning-based computational tools and in silico models into the drug discovery process to predict Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profiles of 90 potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment identified from two independent studies mainly with the purpose of mitigating late-phase failures because of inferior pharmacokinetics and toxicity. ResultsHere, summarized the cardiotoxicity and general toxicity profiles of 90 potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment and summarize the risks of repurposing and propose a stratification of patients accordingly. We shortlist a total of five compounds based on their non-toxic properties.ConclusionIn summary, this manuscript aims to provide a potentially useful source of essential knowledge on toxicity assessment of 90 compounds for health care practitioners and researchers to find off-label alternatives for the treatment for COVID-19. The majority of the molecules discussed in this manuscript have already moved into clinical trials and thus their known pharmacological and human safety profiles are expected to facilitate a fast track preclinical and clinical assessment for treating COVID-19.
Phase II Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin in Relapsed/Refractory Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Ashkar Ryan , Feldman Darren R. , Adra Nabil , Zaid Mohammad Abu , Funt Samuel A. , Althouse Sandra K. , Perkins Susan M. , Snow Christin I. , Lazzara Kayla M. , Sego Lina M. , Quinn David I. , Hanna Nasser H. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Albany Costantine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCD-30 is highly expressed in some patients with non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors. Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate directed to CD-30. We report a phase 2 trial of brentuximab vedotin in patients with chemo-refractory GCT.Patients and Methods This is a single arm, two cohort phase 2 trial investigating brentuximab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicities in patients with relapsed GCT who have no curative options. Patients with mGCT who progressed after first line cisplatin-based chemotherapy and after at least 1 salvage regimen (high-dose or standard-dose chemotherapy) were eligible. CD30 expression was assessed and two cohorts defined: CD30 positive and CD30 negative/unknown.Results18 patients were enrolled. Median age 34.7 (range, 23-56). All patients had non-seminoma. Median AFP 4.9 (range, 1-219,345) and hCG 282 (range, 0.6-172,064). Five patients had late relapse (>2years). Median number of previous chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range, 2-7). Ten patients received prior high-dose chemotherapy. Seven patients had positive CD30 staining. There were two grade 3 treatment-related adverse events. No partial or complete responses were observed. 6 patients achieved radiographic stable disease (range, 9-14.9 weeks), 5 had elevated AFP or hCG at trial entry and all 5 had transient >50% decline in baseline AFP/hCG: 4 had CD30 -ve and 2 had CD30 +ve staining; 10 patients had progression of disease as their best response; 2 were not evaluable for response.ConclusionBrentuximab vedotin does not appear to have clinically meaningful single-agent activity in patients with refractory GCT. Trial Registration Number: NCT02689219Date of registration: February 12, 2016
Dietary restriction and clock delay eye aging to extend lifespan in D. melanogaster
Authors: Hodge Brian , Meyerhof Geoffrey , Katewa Subhash , Lian Ting , Lau Charles , Bar Sudipta , Leung Nicole , Li Menglin , Li-Kroeger David , Melov Simon , Schilling Birgit , Montell Craig , Kapahi Pankaj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many vital processes in the eye are under circadian regulation, and circadian dysfunction has emerged as a potential driver of eye aging. Dietary restriction is one of the most robust lifespan-extending therapies and amplifies circadian rhythms with age. Herein, we demonstrate that dietary restriction extends lifespan in D. melanogaster by promoting circadian homeostatic processes that protect the visual system from age- and light-associated damage. Disrupting circadian rhythms in the eye by inhibiting the transcription factor, Clock (CLK), or CLK-output genes, accelerated visual senescence, induced a systemic immune response, and shortened lifespan. Flies subjected to dietary restriction were protected from the lifespan-shortening effects of photoreceptor activation. Inversely, photoreceptor inactivation, achieved via mutating rhodopsin or housing flies in constant darkness, primarily extended lifespan in flies reared on a high-nutrient diet. Our findings establish the eye as a diet-sensitive modulator of lifespan and indicate that vision is an antagonistically pleiotropic process that contributes to organismal aging.
SP1 Initiates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of CTCs and Inhibits Metastasis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Mei , Liu Hui , Qiu Guo Ping , Gao Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Circulating tumor cells （CTCs）are the basis of cancer metastasis. Till now, the role of different subtypes of CTCs in metastasis is unclear. Methods: We used the CanpatrolTM technique to isolate CTCs from 102 prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The EMT markers of CTCs were detected by FISH and classified CTCs into Epethial (E-CTCs), Mesenchymal (M-CTCs) and Mesenchymal/Epethial-CTCs (M/E-CTCs). Further, the potential EMT related molecules regulators were predicted by bioinformatics software, and SP1 was identified as the key EMT regulator. Then overexpress SP1 of PCa cells to verify the effect of SP1 on the EMT regulation and PCa metastasis. Results: The count of Total-CTCs, E-CTCs, and M/E-CTCs in metastatic PCa was significantly higher than that in local PCa. Although M-CTCs was not significantly different between local and metastatic PCa, the ratio of M-CTCs/Total-CTCs in metastatic PCa was markedly lower than that in local PCa. We found that Total-CTCs is an independent risk factor for PCa metastasis. Overexpression of SP1 initiated EMT of PCa cells and enhanced the invasion in vitro. Injecting overexpression SP1 PCa cells via tail vein, generating M-CTCs in vivo, we found the ability of M-CTCs to form lung metastasis was significantly inhibited compared with that of the control PCa-CTCs. Conclusion: Our study suggested Total-CTCs >14 predict PCa metastasis. M/E-CTCs might facilitate to PCa metastasis; however, M-CTCs might not. SP1 is an EMT regulator, which has the potential role of regulating the EMT of CTCs, thus changing the proportion of subtypes of CTCs. It is a potential therapeutic target.（Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registered 30 JUNE 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/registry.aspx）
Estimation of the Global Number of Nicotine Vapers in 2020
Authors: Jerzyński Tomasz , Stimson Gerry V. , Shapiro Harry , Król Grzegorz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Nicotine vaping products (NVP) are potentially disruptive innovations with considerable potential for population health. A key question is whether NVP are replacing tobacco cigarettes, which requires mapping uptake of NVP. Collecting information on nicotine use is difficult for many countries due to cost. The objective of this study was to derive a global estimate of vaping.MethodsSince 2018 we have collected information on the prevalence of NVP use. To estimate the prevalence of vaping in countries lacking information, we used the method of assumed similarity between countries in the same region and economic condition. Based on surveys, we calculated the average prevalence of vaping for each WHO region, World Bank income classification group and legal status of NVP. For each of these groups the average prevalence of vaping was calculated. These values were used as substitutes for the prevalence figures in the countries with absent data. The number of vapers was calculated by taking as the denominator the adult population. ResultsSurvey data on NVP users were available for 49 countries covering 2.8b of the adult population in 2018 and unavailable for 2.9b. Information on vaping was lacking for half of the world's population. We estimated a total of 58.1m vapers worldwide in 2018. By reference to market growth the data were adjusted to arrive at estimates for 2020. Results was fitted to revenue data at the 2018. For the year 2020, the projection is 68m vapers globally.ConclusionsMany global epidemiological studies use the method of assumed similarity between countries with shared characteristics in order to estimate missing data. The methodological limitations are likely to overestimate the global number of vapers. Our estimate of 68m nicotine vapers indicates considerable uptake given that NVP products have been available on most markets for only a decade, that there is either no support or opposition to vaping in many countries, and that countries which regulate NVP have controls over advertising and promotion. However, given the global scale of tobacco smoking at 1.1 billion, progress in adoption of alternative products is slow. Those using NVP are still a small fraction of those who smoke.
Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib Combined With S-1 in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xu , He Xiao-dong , Zhang You-cheng , Yang Ke-hu , Tian Jin-hui , Chen Yao-long 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S – 1 in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, in order to provide more evidence based medical evidence for the clinic.Methods: Randomized controlled trials of apatinib combined with S – 1 (experimental group) versus S - 1 (controlg roup) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer were collected by computer literature search in Chinese and English databases, for the deadlines of March 21, 2021. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the literature using the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool. And the Meta – analysis was performed using Review Manager 5. 3 software almost.Results: A total of 20 articles were included, totaling 1,150 patients. Meta – analysis showed that the objective response rate [OR = 2.02, 95% CI (1.56, 2.63), P < 0.00001], disease control rate [OR = 3.10, 95% CI (2.30, 4.17), P < 0.00001], median overall survival [MD = 3.99, 95% CI (3.56, 4.43), P < 0.00001] of patients with apatinib combined with S – 1 group were higher than the S – 1 group, then the median progression – free survival had not significant differences [MD = 1.24, 95% CI (-1.19, 3.67), P = 0.32]. In the adverse reactions, only the incidence of hypertension [OR = 6.19, 95% CI (1.89, 20.23), P = 0.003] and the incidence of proteinuria [OR = 4.02, 95% CI (1.11, 14.62), P = 0.03] in the apatinib combined with S – 1 group were higher than the S – 1 group, and there was no significant difference in the other adverse reactions. In addition, the levels of IFN – γ and TNF – α in the apatinib combined with S – 1 group were higher than those in the S – 1 group, and the levels of IL - 10, IL – 4, TSGF, CA199 and CEA were lower than those of the S – 1 group.Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that apatinib combined with S - 1 can achieve higher objective response rate, disease control rate, median overall survival, less adverse reactions, and improve immune function, effectively reduce the level of tumor markers.