bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Elder Moultray (1865-1922) History Painter or Historical Journalist?
Authors:   , Park Marilyn Edwina 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis was undertaken to investigate J. Elder Moultray‘s history paintings, his broader artistic oeuvre and journalistic output, and to place him in the context of nineteenth-century New Zealand art, journalism and the history painting genre generally. It is also intended to fill a lack of previous art-historical scholarship surrounding Moultray and his history paintings. Moultray‘s own diaries and published articles, as well as newspaper reports about him, provide a biographical sketch of his life and his own views on art history. A discussion of the development of the history painting genre, a detailed analysis of his history paintings and comments on his paintings from critics, both during his lifetime and after, leads to a number of conclusions. These suggest that Moultray‘s diminished reputation as an artist has resulted from a number of factors, including changing fashions in artistic styles, poor documentation in the referencing of his works, and a changing political climate which has desired to leave behind uncomfortable images of the New Zealand colonial wars. The latter is related to both his contemporary marginalisation and the deterioration of many of his paintings in the public domain. Unpicking the layers of Moultray‘s history paintings reveals their relevance to contemporary art-historical issues. In addition, Moultray‘s resistance to modernism and continuation of a nineteenth-century academic art practice into the twentieth century provides today‘s art historians with considerable insights. By exploring a body of Moultray‘s paintings, in tandem with his writings about art, the thesis reveals a significant contribution to New Zealand art history.</p>
Divine Sovereignty and State Authority in Israel and Iran
Authors:   , Partow Negar 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis investigates the relationship between religion and politics in Israel and Iran through examining the development of Revolutionary Messianism as the founding philosophy of these contemporary states. These states differ in their political history and structure. In both cases, however, Messianism has been the core religious ideology in their understanding of revolution and their religio-political identity in the contemporary Middle East. Revolutionary Messianism negates the existence of apolitical and apocalyptic messianic theologies and gives rise to the emergence of new state actors: theological politicians and political theologians. This thesis examines the transformation of messianic ideology in the context of Israel’s and Iran’s security politics, their political structures, their legal systems, and their social environment. In doing so, it demonstrates the lasting impact of the messianic ideas on religion and politics in these states. It argues that the transformation of messianism has resulted in political elitism, the rise of new forms of fundamentalism, and the de-sacralisation of theology. This thesis offers a new analytical model for studying the relationship between religion and politics in Israel and Iran by identifying three phases: Revolutionary Messianism, State Building Messianism and State Maintenance Messianism. This model allows us to not only analyse the development of Revolutionary Messianism during the Revolutionary Phase but it crystallises the relationship between religion and politics after the establishment of the post-revolutionary states. In addition, it explains how these states define secularism, secularity, and secularization. It clarifies the boundaries that each state determines between religion and politics and the impacts of the development of Revolutionary Messianism on societies. It argues that in both cases politics is not subordinate to theology, but in fact it changes theology, and consequently religion.</p>
The Parsi Dilemma: A New Zealand Perspective
Authors:   , Weaver David John 
Published: November 2021

<p>The Parsis of India are a very small but important ethnic group, traditionally living in Gujarat but in modern times mainly located in Bombay, where, under the British Raj, they established themselves as leading merchants, politicians and professional people with an influence far exceeding their numerical strength. Since Indian Independence in 1947, that influence has declined as has the total size of the Parsi community in India. Many members of the community have dispersed overseas and during the last twenty years, New Zealand has emerged as a growing destination of choice. Many reasons have been put forward both by academia and by members of the Parsi community itself for the steeply declining numbers ranging from religious and ethnic exclusivity to loss of fecundity and consequential fall in the birth-rate to below the sustainability level. In my initial research for this thesis, I became aware that one reason for the decline, which did not feature in academic discourses but which seemed to be important, was the significance of Parsi culture, in particular the traditional emphasis on individual achievement, at the expense of communal cohesion. In seeking to corroborate my hypothesis, along with whether or not the current drive to migrate from India to countries such as New Zealand is having a positive or negative influence on the long-term chances for Parsi survival, I have carried out in-depth interviews with a cross-section of Parsis now resident in New Zealand. The outcomes of these interviews, together with a careful study of Parsi history and an analysis of their very distinctive culture, form the basis for my study. These outcomes and analyses have created an overall picture, which has confirmed my belief that the most important contributing factor to demographic decline amongst the Indian Parsi community has been their traditional drive towards individual material success. They have also shown that individual choice has been the principle post-Independence migratory driving force. There are more negative than positive elements associated with this migratory drive with the future of both Parsi identity and Zoroastrianism under serious threat through increasing dispersal and religious, ethnic and cultural dilution. This deteriorating situation is further exacerbated by internal strife fuelled by passionate ethno-religious debate over the best way forward.</p>
Enhancing Professional Development through Classroom Action Research Projects: A Case Study of Secondary English Teachers in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors:   , Thamrin Mukrim 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study explored the experience of five senior secondary teachers in Palu city, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia who participated in a pilot of Classroom Action Research (CAR) project that held by the Provincial Education Office (locally termed as DIKJAR Provinsi) five years ago. These teachers attended a five-day CAR workshop in 2005 and went on to conduct a small-scale project of CAR in their own classroom working collaboratively with other teachers in their schools. The main purpose of this study was consider the benefits and barriers of doing CAR, to understand the nature of support from school principal, colleagues and supervisor that helped the teachers conduct a successful CAR project, to investigate factors that impact on the sustainability of the practice of CAR beyond one pilot over a longer timeframe, and to find out teachers’ perception of how CAR as professional development (PD) programme should be effectively planned and implemented. This study adopted a qualitative case study approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the teachers who participated in the CAR pilot for the study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, brief semi-structured interviews with a closed-response questionnaire, and the collection of policy documents. Interviews were also held with local DIKJAR staff and one of the workshop instructors who provided documents pertaining to the pilot. The thematic analysis of this data revealed that engaging with CAR impacted on teachers’ teaching practices, teachers’ awareness and better understanding of students’ learning problems, and their role as a teaching professional, and their personal and professional development. Some notable barriers that teachers experienced during their CAR project were insufficient knowledge of CAR concepts, lack of advice, lack of assistance from research project collaborators and a time constraint. The study found teachers were well supported by school principals with administrative help as well as recognition of effort. Colleagues provided support as mentors or giving advice. The study also found 3 of 5 teachers continued CAR approaches in their classroom after their first pilot experience, believing CAR is a path toward their own PD; while the other two gave limited knowledge of CAR as the main reason for the lack of motivation to carry on. This study also found for CAR to be a sustainable practice for teachers, such a PD programme should be designed to fit the teaching background and subject area of participants and provide internal (e.g. school principals, colleagues), and external support (e.g. mentors from teacher educators, teacher trainers, and master teachers) as well as the chance to get recognition of their work. The implication of the study for facilitating teachers to grow professionally through CAR is discussed.</p>
The Great New Zealand Botnet: Broadband to the Door an Asset or Security Issue?
Authors:   , Gibson Kyle 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research explores the level of security awareness, of domestic Internet users in New Zealand. Awareness and online security are the top priorities of the New Zealand Cyber Security Strategy, but little research has been conducted to gauge the current level of security awareness in context with common mitigation strategies. The majority of the literature on the subject is primarily focused on organisational technology security and awareness so this had to be put in context with domestic users. A sample set of Facebook friends of the researcher were asked to respond to an online survey. The survey explored the respondents' attitude and selfevaluated level of security awareness, and their awareness of a subset of mitigation strategies from the Australian Defence Signals Directorates' 'Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions'. The respondents demonstrated a good level of security awareness regarding patching and anti-virus, but there is a need for more education regarding access control and social engineering.</p>
Speaking the Same Language: Using Controlled Vocabularies to Search Museum Collections Databases
Authors:   , Chapman Emma 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study set out to see how controlled vocabularies help people find collections materials in electronic museum databases.It did this by interviewing collections staff from four museums. Eight people from library and non-library work areas at the four museums, who regularly search a museum database in the course of their work, were asked about their experiences with using controlled vocabularies to search. How people used controlled terms depended upon their job tasks and upon their knowledge of terms, past experience and training, and whether they trusted that terms would deliver good search results. Difficulties in using them were identified as being to do with terms themselves; the knowledge of the person searching; and the quality of information in the database. Despite controlled terms rarely being used alone for searching, respondents considered that controlled terminologies are important tools within museum databases for accessing collections. Controlled terms are resource intensive and need institutional backing to work well. Peer support, formal training, staff with database and controlled terms experience, and access to terms lists are some specific factors that would assist controlled vocabularies to work better for the people who search museum databases. Museums need to allocate sufficient financial and administrative resources to controlled terms, if they are serious about improving access to their collections.</p>
Physiological Observations and Nursing Interventions in the Pre-Arrest Patient: A Descriptive Study
Authors:   , Ryton-Malden Tara Marie 
Published: November 2021

<p>Aim: To identify how nurses respond to abnormal physiological observations in the 12 hours prior to a patient having a cardiac arrest. Methods: A descriptive observational design was used to retrospectively review the observation charts and nursing notes of 28 patients who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest, during a 20 month period. This study was performed in a large, tertiary teaching hospital in New Zealand. Key Findings Only one patient met the hospitals minimum standard of four hourly observations and a full set of vital signs were performed on only three patients. The nursing responses were limited to increasing the frequency of observations or informing the doctor. There were few other interventions to treat the abnormality. Eight (32%) patients who had either no response or a partial response to their abnormal physiology did not survive. The nursing documentation demonstrated that abnormal neurological observations were tolerated for significant periods of time and were not acted upon in 62% of these patients. The nursing documentation revealed that the delivery of oxygen was often insufficient to meet the patient's requirements and the medical staff were aware of less than half the patients with abnormal physiology. Discussion removed statement re pt survival: This research identified major deficiencies with recording patient vital signs. If these are not recorded regularly, patient deterioration will be missed and treatment cannot be initiated. Nurses need to respond to abnormal physiology beyond repeating vital signs and informing the medical staff. They are accountable for initiating interventions to prevent further deterioration. Conclusion: The early recognition of patient deterioration and treatment are essential to prevent cardiac arrest. Education strategies are required to improve compliance with recording patient vital signs, communication between nursing and medical staff and how to respond to patient deterioration. The barriers to these must be addressed and solutions sought if patient mortality is to be improved.</p>
Non-Combatant Immunity and 'Just War'
Authors:   , Russell Amy 
Published: November 2021

<p>Moral philosophers and the international political community alike have traditionally valued the lives of civilians over those of soldiers. The first part of jus in bello, the doctrine which aims to characterise the just conduct of war, states that 'civilians, as non-combatants, must not be attacked or killed', whereas the only requirement concerning the killing of soldiers is that any attack must meet the requirement of proportionality: it must not cause so much harm that the good it does is overridden. Similarly, Article 51 of the Geneva Protocols states that 'the civilian population and individual civilians shall enjoy general protection against dangers arising from military operations', and that 'the civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack'. The requirement of proportionality is mentioned only with reference to the protection of civilian life or cultural objects, except in the general statement that 'it is prohibited to employ weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering.' The specific protections offered to combatants are limited to wounded, sick or shipwrecked combatants, and prisoners of war - those combatants who most closely resemble civilians. The Protocols do state that all attacks must be limited to 'military objectives', but the definition of these objectives is permissive, to say the least: 'Military objectives are limited to those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage.' To kill enemy soldiers in large numbers surely offers a definite military advantage. This thesis examines the moral basis for the distinction that these laws and doctrines draw between soldiers and civilians. I explain why the distinction between combatant and non-combatant casualties is not, in a significant proportion of cases, a morally sound one. I argue that any moral justification of the principle of non-combatant immunity must be of a utilitarian nature, pointing to its ability to limit the overall carnage of warfare. The implications for jus in bello of recognising that the principle can be justified only on these grounds are wide-ranging and important. If we want to retain civilian immunity, we must accept a utilitarian simulacrum of that doctrine. I argue that applying utilitarian standards to the just conduct of war will lead us to prefer very different sorts of policies from those currently embodied by jus in bello. Thus what we think about civilian immunity may have consequences for what we think about the moral foundation of our doctrine of just war.</p>
Underground Architecture: Connections Between Ground-Level Public Space and Below-Ground Buildings
Authors:   , Wright Aimee 
Published: November 2021

<p>The main objective of this research is to develop an underground space framework which establishes design solutions to underpin the successful design of underground buildings. The poorly conceived nature of contemporary underground space often means it has little, or no contribution to its above-ground environment, as it neglects the significant relationship between the ground plane, and above and belowground space. As a result of this omission towards its above-ground environment, urban design theory and practice have neglected the subject of underground space, where it is presented typically as ancillary spaces, of a highly fragmented nature. This problem is addressed through a literature review, establishing the treatment of underground space within urban design literature, a taxonomy analysis of the physical form of 90 contemporary underground buildings, and a discussion of the five archetypes of underground space. Developed from the findings of each of these research sections, an underground space framework is established. The framework is divided into six guideline categories with which each focusing on a major design issue relevant to underground space. The presentation of each guideline briefly states the issue, its objective, and then suggests various solutions for implementing the specific objective. The guidelines are intended to be flexible, where they are selected, developed and applied with regard to the underground buildings unique site and programme characteristics. The design case study, an extension of Wellingtons Museum of City and Sea located at Post Office Square, demonstrates how these guidelines can be used, through selecting, developing and then applying, suitable guidelines in response to its specific site and programme requirements. In total, the research suggests that the underground space framework can underpin the successful design of underground space through establishing strong physical connections between below ground and above ground public space. This can be achieved through blurring the boundaries between above and below -ground space, revealing historical underground elements above ground, and considering the underground as a viable option to resolving specific urban design issues present above ground.</p>
Intensifying the Grid: A Typology for Medium Density Housing to Accommodate the Changing Demography of Wellington Suburbs
Authors:   , Stiles Rose 
Published: November 2021

<p>The combination of an increasing population, changing demographics and an ageing housing stock is driving the need for new and more varied housing types. Attempts to address these concerns have been less than satisfactory, leading to urban sprawl and the destruction of neighbourhood character. Residential intensification is a way of providing new housing while preserving both Wellington's compact urban form and open space. This thesis explores a process to increase housing density in the inner suburbs without a loss of urban form and character. Developed through design led research, the study first identifies those neighbourhoods most suited for intensification as Wellington's historic gridded suburbs. A representative street is then selected, and a strategy for integrating medium-density housing is developed. It then applies the principles in two multi-unit developments to address modern concerns with enhanced liveability and improved connection with private outdoor space. By manipulating the buildings in plan and section, complex internal configurations are possible, resulting in different sizes and types of dwellings, which accommodates varied demographic groups and household sizes. Through the elevation, the designs are then integrated into the local character of the site by reinterpreting the street's context in a contemporary manner. The design resolution was reached through a cyclical process, developing and being tested incrementally. The general principles of the design can be extrapolated and applied to other Wellington gridded neighbourhoods. They can also be applied to other locations with similar urban morphology in other New Zealand and Australian cities.</p>
The Social Cloud for Public eResearch
Authors:   , John Koshy 
Published: November 2021

<p>Scientific researchers faced with extremely large computations or the requirement of storing vast quantities of data have come to rely on distributed computational models like grid and cloud computing. However, distributed computation is typically complex and expensive. The Social Cloud for Public eResearch aims to provide researchers with a platform to exploit social networks to reach out to users who would otherwise be unlikely to donate computational time for scientific and other research oriented projects. This thesis explores the motivations of users to contribute computational time and examines the various ways these motivations can be catered to through established social networks. We specifically look at integrating Facebook and BOINC, and discuss the architecture of the functional system and the novel social engineering algorithms that power it.</p>