bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of HLA‐DRB1*09:01 with severe COVID‐19
Authors: Anzurez Alitzel , Naka Izumi , Miki Shoji , Nakayama‐Hosoya Kaori , Isshiki Mariko , Watanabe Yusuke , Nakamura‐Hoshi Midori , Seki Sayuri , Matsumura Takayuki , Takano Tomohiro , Onodera Taishi , Adachi Yu , Moriyama Saya , Terahara Kazutaka , Tachikawa Natsuo , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Sasaki Hiroaki , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Miyata Nobuyuki , Miyazaki Kazuhito , Koga Michiko , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Nagai Hiroyuki , Saito Makoto , Adachi Eisuke , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Kutsuna Satoshi , Kawashima Akira , Miyazato Yusuke , Kinoshita Noriko , Kouno Chiyoko , Tanaka Kensuke , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Suzuki Tadaki , Matano Tetsuro , Ohashi Jun , Kawana‐Tachikawa Ai 
Published: March 2021

HLA‐A, ‐C, ‐B, and ‐DRB1 genotypes were analyzed in 178 Japanese COVID‐19 patients to investigate the association of HLA with severe COVID‐19. Analysis of 32 common HLA alleles at four loci revealed a significant association between HLA‐DRB1*09:01 and severe COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR], 3.62; 95% CI, 1.57–8.35; p = 0.00251 [permutation p value = 0.0418]) when age, sex, and other common HLA alleles at the DRB1 locus were adjusted. The DRB1*09:01 allele was more significantly associated with risk for severe COVID‐19 compared to preexisting medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. These results indicate a potential role for HLA in predisposition to severe COVID‐19.
An Examination of the Factors Associated With Implementation of Evidence‐Based Management Practices for Improving Nurse Work Environments
Authors: Djukic Maja , Jun Jin , Fletcher Jason 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based management practices (EBMPs) that improve nurses’ work environments have been linked to improvements in patient outcomes such as patient satisfaction and mortality. Yet, the extent to which nurse managers implement these EBMP or the factors associated with their implementation is not known.AimsGuided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Framework, we examined individual, evidence, and organizational characteristics associated with nurse managers’ implementation of the five EBMPs.MethodsA cross‐sectional, correlational, survey design was used. Nurse managers from 10 public hospitals in New York City were recruited. Evidence and contextual variables were measured with the Organizational Readiness for Change Assessment instrument. EBMPs were measured with a modified version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. All multi‐item scales were validated with confirmatory factors analysis in the studied sample. Additionally, the scales had Cronbach’s alpha reliability greater than .8. A multivariate linear regression analysis with robust standard error correction was used to analyze the data and to adjust for clustering of managers in hospitals.ResultsA total of 331 nurse managers responded for a 47.4% response rate. Bachelor’s degree, number of staff supervised, managers’ personal experience with evidence for EBMPs, staff culture, and organizational resources were significant predictors of nurse managers’ implementation of EBMPs for NWE improvement (p < .05).Linking Evidence to ActionStaff culture was positively associated with implementation of all five EBMPs for improving nurses’ work environments. Managers should prioritize nursing unit culture that encourages staff to innovate and change in order to improve care.
Use of Pain Management Champions to Enhance Guideline Implementation by Care Workers in Nursing Homes
Authors: Brunkert Thekla , Simon Michael , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderutilization of evidence‐based pain management in nursing homes (NHs) is common. Evidence toward effective approaches to improve adoption of evidence‐based practices in NHs is limited. Application of theory in evaluation approaches can increase understanding of implementation challenges.AimTo get a better understanding of the impact of implementation strategies by exploring the underlying mechanisms using behavioral theory.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study is embedded in an implementation‐effectiveness study of a pain management guideline in four Swiss NHs. To evaluate our implementation strategies, training workshops were held, and trained pain champions were introduced. We also developed a conceptual framework. Based on Bandura’s self‐efficacy theory, we hypothesized how our implementation strategies might affect changes in care workers’ behavior. Care workers’ questionnaire surveys were conducted at baseline (n = 136), after 3 months (n = 99), and after 6 months (n = 83) to assess self‐efficacy in pain management and self‐reported guideline adoption. We computed linear mixed‐effect models to assess changes over time in self‐efficacy and logistic regressions to assess associations between self‐efficacy and guideline adoption. Concurrently, we conducted focus groups with care workers (n = 8) to explore their response to the implementation strategies.ResultsOverall, there was a significant increase in self‐efficacy at both time points (p < .001). We found significant associations between self‐efficacy and adoption of two guideline components, that is, performing a comprehensive pain assessment and using observational pain assessment tools in cognitively impaired residents. Qualitative findings showed that implementation strategies were received positively by care workers. Focus group participants reported more attentiveness to residents’ pain experience. The participants also reported increases in assessment and documentation of pain with more detail than before.Linking Evidence to ActionOur findings highlighted that the training and use of pain champions increased self‐efficacy and thereby induced behavior change leading to guideline adoption. Regarding persistent implementation challenges, a theory‐based conceptual model contributes to the overall understanding.
Large Eddy Simulation of Lean Mixed-Mode Combustion Assisted by Partial Fuel Stratification in a Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Xu Chao , Som Sibendu , Sjöberg Magnus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Partial fuel stratification (PFS) is a promising fuel injection strategy to improve the stability of lean combustion by applying a small amount of pilot injection right before spark timing. Mixed-mode combustion, which makes use of end-gas autoignition following conventional deflagration-based combustion, can be further utilized to speed up the overall combustion. In this study, PFS-assisted mixed-mode combustion in a lean-burn direct injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine is numerically investigated using multi-cycle large eddy simulation (LES). A previously developed hybrid G-equation/well-stirred reactor combustion model for the well-mixed operation is extended to the PFS-assisted operation. The experimental spray morphology is employed to derive spray model parameters for the pilot injection. The LES-based model is validated against experimental data and is further compared with the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based model. Overall, both RANS and LES predict the mean pressure and heat release rate traces well, while LES outperforms RANS in capturing the cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) and the combustion phasing in the mass burned space. Liquid and vapor penetrations obtained from the simulations agree reasonably well with the experiment. Detailed flame structures predicted from the simulations reveal the transition from a sooting diffusion flame to a lean premixed flame, which is consistent with experimental findings. LES captures more wrinkled and stretched flames than RANS. Finally, the LES model is employed to investigate the impacts of fuel properties, including heat of vaporization (HoV) and laminar burning speed (SL). Combustion phasing is found more sensitive to SL than to HoV, with a larger fuel property sensitivity of the heat release rate from autoignition than that from deflagration. Moreover, the combustion phasing in the PFS-assisted operation is shown to be less sensitive to SL compared with the well-mixed operation.
Effect of Reynolds Number on Five-Hole Probe Performance: Experimental Study of the Open-Access Oxford Probe
Authors: Passmann Maximilian , der Wiesche Stefan aus , Povey Thomas , Bergmann Detlef 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is relatively little literature concerning the effect of Reynolds number on multi-hole aerodynamic probe performance. In particular, there is almost no discussion in the literature regarding the underlying mechanisms of Reynolds number (Re) sensitivity for such probes. In order to close this gap, detailed investigations of the effect of Re on a five-hole probe have been performed using both particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques and oil flow visualizations. Wind- and water-tunnels were used to cover a wide range of Re. The open-access Oxford Probe was used for these studies because of the readily available data-sets and processing routines and to allow future comparisons by other authors. Complex flow dynamics including flow separation and re-attachment were identified, which cause Re-sensitivity of the calibration map at low Re even for low yaw or pitch angles. By comparing calibration maps across a wide range of Re, we demonstrate that the Oxford Probe can be employed without much loss of accuracy at lower Re levels than initially (conservatively) suggested, and quantify the errors in the extreme low-Re regime. Overall, we demonstrate the robustness of the Oxford Probe concept across a wide range of Re conditions, we more clearly defined the low-Re limit for the probe design and quantify errors below this limit, and we illustrate the fundamental mechanisms for Re-sensitivity of multi-hole probes.
Comparison of Endwall Loss Reduction Techniques in a High-Lift Turbine Passage
Authors: Marks Christopher R. , Fletcher Nathan , Sondergaard Rolf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of techniques that reduce the losses in the endwall region is an important area of research as it supports an increase in the turbine design space through the use of higher lift blade designs while maintaining high efficiency. Several active and passive shape contouring methods that reduce losses generated by the secondary flow have been developed and investigated on a high-lift front-loaded low-pressure turbine research profile in a low-speed linear cascade configuration. This paper summarizes and compares alterations to the three-dimensional secondary flow field by the application of three different techniques: blade profile contouring, optimized endwall shape contouring, and localized low mass coefficient jets. Each method was applied to identical research blade profiles and compared in the same linear cascade wind tunnel resulting in a unique perspective into the loss reduction mechanisms associated with each technique. The design strategy will be discussed along with a detailed description of changes to the secondary flow field using in- and out-of-passage total pressure loss measurements and high-speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The key findings include the loss reduction mechanisms associated with each approach and the manipulation of key endwall flow structures such as the passage vortex and a strong suction surface corner separation.
Dynamics of a Rotating Flexible Multi-Link With Viscoelastic Constraining Layers
Authors: Tzou H. S. , Wan G. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to an increased flexibility of modern mechanical and structural systems, effective vibration control becomes essential to their high-precision operations. In this paper, dynamics and vibration control of a rotating multi-link are studied. Passive vibration control of the link with distributed viscoelastic layers is studied. Effectiveness of the distributed viscoelastic dampers with various stiffness and damping properties is investigated.
Finite Element Formulation for Dynamic Analysis of Planar Flexible Beams With Finite Rotations
Authors: Iura M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An efficient formulation for dynamic analysis of planar Timoshenko’s beam with finite rotations is presented. Both an inertial frame and a rotating frame are introduced to simplify computational manipulation. The kinetic energy of the system is obtained by using the inertial frame so that it takes a quadratic uncoupled form. The rotating frame together with the small strain assumption is employed to derive the strain energy of the system. Since the exact solutions for linear static theory of Timoshenko’s beam are employed to obtain the strain energy, the present stiffness operator is free from the shear locking without using any special technique. Nonlinear effects appear only in the transformation of displacement components between global and local coordinates. This results in a drastic simplification of nonlinear dynamic analysis of flexible beams. Numerical examples, including a planar mechanism, demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present formulation.
Feature-Based Computer Integrated Inspection
Authors: Marefat Michael M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to knowledge-based inspection planning for solid objects. The goals of intelligent inspection planning include determining (i) which entities (edge segments, etc) of the object should be measured, (ii) what camera locations and viewing directions should be used to perform inspection, and (iii) how can the search for these entities, and their inspection be robustly and efficiently done once the sensor data is obtained. An effective solution to this problem is clearly very important not only from the automation point of view, but also in order to effectively gather and use sensor information to overcome the volume and complexity of required information for adequate performance. In order to achieve the inspection planning goals, several interrelated problems must be solved. These problems include: (i) developing hierarchical representation mechanisms to effectively capture the knowledge about geometric entities, their relationships, sensors, and plans, (ii) reasoning mechanisms to determine the different attributes of the different features of object to be inspected, and the alternative strategies which can be used for inspection of each attribute, (iii) strategies for setting the sensor parameters, such as the position and viewing direction of the cameras, and methods to determine the visible entities in each configuration, and (iv) plan optimization. Our prototype is developed in the Smalltalk object oriented environment.
A Structured Sign for the Guidance of Autonomous Mobile Robots
Authors: Sai Heshin , Okawa Yoshikuni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the explicit purpose of guiding autonomous mobile robots on wide and flat planes, we propose a specially designed guiding sign. It consists of a cylinder with four slits on its surface, and a fluorescent light on the center axis of the cylinder. Two outer slits are parallel to each other, and the other two inner slits are angled. A robot takes an image of the sign with a TV camera. By the threshold operation, it has four bright sets of pixels each of which corresponds to one of the four slits of the cylinder. By measuring the relative distances between those four bright blobs in the image plane, the robot can compute its distance and angle to the direction of the sign using two simple geometrical equations.
We have built a mobile robot and a sign. Using a personal computer with an image processor, we have evaluated the accuracy of the proposed method of position and angle measurement, and compared them with the theoretical analysis. The data show good coincidence with the analytical results. We have programmed the characteristics of the measurement, which is called the simulation program. First, the parameters in the simulation program are adjusted. Next, we have done several trajectory following experiments using this simulation program. The simulation program provides us with the results which could not be taken in the actual experiment.
AXITURB: A Full Computer Implementation of the NASA Design Procedure for Axial-Flow Turbines
Authors: Lu P. C. , Wang Chen-Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recent task to design a Rankine-cycle space-power turbine system employing eutectic alloys of alkali metals prompted the present authors to re-examine the NASA design procedure for axial-flow turbines, as outlined by Glassman and Futral (and based on works of Stewart) in 1963. After clarifying the role of the singular case of a single-stage turbine, and organizing the procedure in clear steps, a computer program AXITURB was written. The present paper reports essentially the success of AXITURB in performing parametric studies of NaK and CsK turbines (using 78.4% and 23.1%, respectively, of potassium by weight), after re-generating all the reported NASA designs for turbines employing pure Na, K and Cs. An outline of design steps is also given. AXITURB has been put in public domain. Its heavily commented source code in FORTRAN is available to designers for adaption or modification.
Automatic Feature and Tolerance Modeling for in-Process Verification of 2D Punch Press Parts
Authors: Korngold Jacob , Kraft Russ , Luscher Tony , Lee Minsup , Shenoy Gopal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of this project was to streamline the in-process verification of 2D sheetmetal parts by providing a vision based inspection workstation and software applications for the inspection planner. The goal was to develop an interactive inspection planning application which reads an IGES file representing an unfolded blank, and automatically generates inspection plans and setup instructions for the inspection workstation. The inspection workstation automatically executes the inspection plan and generates an inspection report for the part. The workstation and planning applications were successfully demonstrated for a family of sheetmetal features including holes, slots, rectangles, hexagons, keyholes, and patterns. Use of the system resulted in dramatic lime savings over manual inspection methods.
Knowledge Based Expert Systems for CAD/CAM Experience of an EDM Application
Authors: Kiritsis D. , Porchet Michel , Boutzev L. , Zic I. , Sourdin P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present our experience from the use of two different expert system development environments to Wire-EDM CAD/CAM knowledge based application. The two systems used follow two different AI approaches: the one is based on the constraint propagation theory and provides a natural language oriented programming environment, while the other is a production rule system with backward-forward chaining mechanisms and a conventional-like programming style. Our experience showed that the natural language programming style offers an easier and more productive environment for knowledge based CAD/CAM systems development.
Shock Spectra of an Armored Vehicle With Cutouts Using ADINA
Authors: Gupta Aaron D. , Wisniewski Henry L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Light combat vehicles are playing an important support role for both troops and other heavily armored combat vehicles. As such, they have a much greater risk than in previous roles of being subjected to transient loads such as impact and overpressure loads. Propagation of ballistic shock from an impacted region to the critical locations and attachment points for secondary systems can cause damage and misalignment to sensitive equipments contributing to malfunction and reduction of vehicle performance. Accuracy of determination of dynamic response of these vehicles is directly dependent on the degree of refinement of the generated model and how well the model incorporates the essential features of the vehicle and correlates to its important characteristics without being over-burdened by non-essential details. Additionally, response of nonlinear components of the vehicle in high frequency regime may influence the overall global response of the vehicle. As a result, hatch openings and access door cutouts with unsymmetric locations may have to be incorporated in the finite element model to allow fair comparison with first order experiments involving a stripped vehicle hull. The current study is an attempt to assess the influence of multiple rectangular cutouts on the overall transient response of a vehicle hull subjected to a side-on impact load.
A Computer Aided Process Planning System for Milling Operations
Authors: Muju M. K. , Shanker Kripa , Aherrao P. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents some details of design and implementation of a computerized process planning system for parts requiring milling operations. The interactive system uses generative approach of process planning. The system is capable of handling end milling, face milling and peripheral milling.
The geometric programming technique is used for determining the optimal machining parameters. Emphasis is laid on the constraining equations used in the optimization model. The power equations are derived from basic metal cutting analysis. The cutter selection is automatic to some extent.
The system outputs detailed process plans giving sequence of operations, optimal machining parameters, cost per piece and production rate.
Finite Element Modeling for Prediction of Residual Stresses in Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Rangaswamy Partha , Jayaraman N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In metal matrix composites residual stresses developing during the cool-down process after consolidation due to mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the ceramic fibers and metal matrix have been predicted using finite element analysis. Conventionally, unit cell models consisting of a quarter fiber surrounded by the matrix material have been developed for analyzing this problem. Such models have successfully predicted the stresses at the fiber-matrix interface. However, experimental work to measure residual stresses have always been on surfaces far away from the interface region. In this paper, models based on the conventional unit cell (one quarter fiber), one fiber, two fibers have been analyzed. In addition, using the element birth/death options available in the FEM code, the surface layer removal process that is conventionally used in the residual stress measuring technique has been simulated in the model. Such layer removal technique allows us to determine the average surface residual stress after each layer is removed and a direct comparison with experimental results are therefore possible. The predictions are compared with experimental results of an eight-ply unidirectional composite with Ti-24Al-11 Nb as matrix material reinforced with SCS-6 fibers.
Stress and Stability Analyses of Thick Fiber Reinforced Laminated Composite Plates Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Sulaiman Altaf H. , Yang Jim Y. C. , Jeelani Shaik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Finite Element work consists of Stress Concentration at the edge of circular cutout of a fiber reinforced laminated plate and Stability analysis of the same model. Location and magnitude of the maximum circumferential stress have been investigated with a finite element analysis program, ABAQUS. Variations of fiber orientation and ratio of in-plane biaxial loading have been considered to study the behavior of angle ply laminated plates. Postbucking response for angle ply laminated plate [θ/−θ]2s for both thin and thick section is studied. Different hole sizes, loading ratios, geometric imperfection in the z-direction and fiber orientations have been used in this analysis. The influence of these parameters on the postbuckling response is presented in this paper.