bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Potential Susceptibilities of Swine Bronchi to Colateral Damage from Applied Cryoablation
Authors: Upchurch Weston , Ramirez David , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While thermal ablation to induce pulmonary vein isolation has proven to be successful in treating atrial fibrillation, the applied modalities create the possibilities for collateral damage to surrounding extracardiac structures. Bronchi are considered as one tissue susceptible to such collateral damage. Here, the relative impacts that focal cryoablation dosages have on bronchial tissues were investigated using an in vitro isolated tissue bath setup.
Paperometer: A Low-Cost Incentive Spirometer
Authors: Sharma Shonit Nair , Chidambaram Devrina , Mizzi Gianna , Rosen Daniel , Slaughter Kristin , Golecki Holly 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As a preemptive response to the widespread need for respiratory medical devices developing in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose a low-cost incentive spirometer for respiratory rehabilitation in patients with reduced lung function. An incentive spirometer manufactured entirely out of recyclable material, termed “Paperometer,” aims to address the multifaced problem of medical device inaccessibility: high cost, lack of user- or environmental-friendliness, and unavailability to those who need them the most. Operating in accordance with governing physical formulae including Ohm’s law and the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, Paperometer is intended to improve the user’s lung function through repeated use of the device, which facilitates slow, deep breaths of air. Several prototypes were created based on a list of design criteria established through background research and stakeholder interviews. From four initial prototypes, all created predominantly from simple foldable geometries, one design was selected for further iteration. The most promising functional prototype was crafted from recyclable plastic and paper folded into various shapes including a box, tube, and pinwheel. The Paperometer concept stands as an innovative solution to reduce the cost and environmental burden of meeting the demand for medical devices. Once validated, the device may serve as an important tool in combating the ongoing global pandemic.
The Effect of Mechanical Coupling on the Perception of Haptic Feedback
Authors: Molina Alicia , Hammond Frank L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A wearable sensory transfer armband was developed to display haptic feedback on the forearm. This device provides focalized mechanotactile feedback in the form of pressure with balloon-like pneumatic actuators. The balloons inflate to exert pressure against the skin just below them. In order to understand and control how the feedback device interacts with the user, its performance was characterized by measuring the pneumatics’ internal pressure, the force applied against the arm surface by the balloon, and the air volume injected into the balloon. The mechanical coupling, or fit, of the feedback display against the arm was also characterized and varied as the previous parameters were observed, any changes and how these pertain to the perception of haptic feedback were analyzed. The study revealed that mechanical coupling significantly affects the forces felt against the forearm. The study also showed that the perception of haptic feedback can vary depending on the anatomical location on the forearm where feedback is applied.
Developing a Wire Navigation Simulator for Pedicle Screw Placement in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Hill Jared , Long Steven , Williams Evan , Thomas Geb , Bechtold Joan , Anderson Donald D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Simulation training provides an opportunity for surgeons to learn key skills in a safe environment. This is especially important for surgical procedures where mistakes have high consequences, such as working near the spinal cord. Wire navigation is a common orthopedic skill that spans many procedures. This paper presents the design steps taken to modify an existing simulator intended to train surgeons on hip wire navigation so that it can be used to train surgeons on placing a K-wire during a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar fusion, or MIS-TLIF. The new design was able to accommodate several unique features of the MIS-TLIF task and successfully simulate placing the guide wire in the pedicle body. Results show that the simulator design functions normally even in the face of hammering needed to place the guide wire, a unique step in this procedure compared with other wire navigation procedures. Additional work remaining involves developing a training curriculum so that surgeons can benefit from this new tool.
User Centered Approach to the Supra-Functional Needs of People Living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: McDonagh Deana , Arquines Kayla , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth T. , Mansouri Mahshid , Krishnan Girish , Alabed Mohammed , Zallek Christopher M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
User-centered design relies upon the appreciation that assistive technology device solutions need to include the functional and supra-functional (e.g., emotional, social, cultural) needs of users. Developing solutions without basing decision-making on both quantitative (functional) and qualitative (supra-functional) needs can lead to imbalanced devices, services, and/or environments. Satisfying both functional and supra-functional needs is the foundation of user-centered design, which in itself relies upon empathic understanding of the person that one is aiming to serve.
This paper presents a study of the lived experiences of people living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, their caregivers, and members of the healthcare management team from a human-centered perspective in the pursuit of pain points, deeper understanding of the emotional needs, and revelation of opportunities for improving quality of life and human experience through more user-centered design. We focus on user-centered design-thinking research tools (e.g., mood boards, journey maps, personas) to (a) understand the authentic experience of the individual in their vernacular and their terminology, and (b) to support a data rich conversation that focuses upon both functional and supra-functional needs to highlight opportunities for design interventions).
A Novel Myofunctional Therapy Water Bottle to Reduce Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Olmanson Anders , Nordmann Tyler , Olmanson Bjorn , Molitor Evan , Hodnefield Gunnar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There is a clear unmet need to provide alternative, first-line solutions for both obstructive sleep apnea and primary snoring. A novel myofunctional therapy nozzle that delivers therapy through drinking water provides a low risk, low burden, and affordable solution that can easily be administered to primary snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients to reduce the overall harm from these conditions. A prototype myofunctional therapy nozzle and water bottle were developed and used to conduct a product usability study over the summer of 2020 to assess likeability, one-month adherence, and snoring improvement. 37 participants participated in the study and completed one month of device use. 27 participants were included in the snoring analysis and 35 participants in the tiredness analysis.
The one-month assessment has shown 88% adherence, the overall satisfaction of the product was 80% measured by CSAT, 93% have reported subjective improvements in reducing snoring intensity, occurrence, and/or impact, and 34% of participants reported improvements in tiredness. Bedpartner reported median snoring intensity decreased from somewhat loud to soft or quiet, overall snoring occurrence decreased, and median snoring impact reduced from moderately to a little bit after one month of device use. Preliminary results are promising and warrant further investigation.
Neuromorphic Representation of Cardiac Data from the American Black Bear During Hibernation
Authors: Iles Tinen L. , Laske Timothy G. , Iaizzo Paul A. , Tsur Elishai Ezra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Brain-inspired (neuromorphic) systems realize biological neural principles with Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) to provide high-performing, energy-efficient frameworks for robotics, artificial intelligence, and adaptive control. The Neural Engineering Framework (NEF) brings forth a theoretical framework approach for the representation of high-dimensional mathematical constructs with spiking neurons for the implementation of functional large-scale neural networks. Here, we explore the utilization of neuromorphic adaptive control for circadian modulated cardiac pacing by examining the neuromorphic representation of high-dimensional cardiac data. For this study, we have utilized a model from a data set acquired from an American black bear during hibernation. Black bears in Minnesota will hibernate for 4-6 months without eating and drinking while losing little muscle mass and remain relatively normothermic throughout the winter [10]. In the current study, we obtained EEG and ECG data from one black bear throughout the winter months in Grand Rapids, MN, represented with NEF. Our results demonstrated opposing requirements for neuromorphic representation. While using high synaptic time constants for obtained ECG data, provided desirable low pass filtering, representation of EEG data requires fast synapses and a high number of neurons. Although this is only an analysis of a small sample of the data available, these guidelines provided the robust pilot dataset to observe the SNN patterns during prolonged hibernation and pair this data with the cardiac responses and thus support research questions related to the autonomic tone during hibernation. This preliminary research will help further develop our neuromorphic adaptive controller to better adapt cardiac pacing to circadian rhythms. This unique dataset may pave the way toward deciphering the underlying neural mechanisms of hibernation, providing translational to humans.
The Process Implementation of Micro Manufactured SLA Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs
Authors: Alfonzo Dani , Tucker Aaron , Rothweiler Paul , Galliger Zachary , Helms Haylie , Erdman Art , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We illustrate SLA 3d-printing printing methods to produce COVID-19 nasopharyngeal testing swabs, proving that they can be produced in a manner that is safe and clean for the users. 3D printing is an effective and efficient tool that can be used for a wide variety of applications, especially for a quick turn around in response to a shortage, and specifically for this application, this method was created in response to the swab shortage in early summer 2020.
The Feasibility of a Robotic Device to Objectively Measure Ankle Joint Proprioception
Authors: Huang Qiyin , Zhong Bin , Naveen Elangovan , Zhang Mingming , Konczak Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Proprioception is defined as the ability to sense limb and body position and motion. Proprioceptive signals originating from the mechanoreceptors around the ankle joint are critical for maintaining postural control and gait. Previous studies identified the detrimental effect of ankle somatosensory dysfunction on sensorimotor function such as balance control. However, a direct measure of ankle proprioception as a marker of proprioceptive dysfunction has not been identified. Recent advances in robotic rehabilitation devices allow precise movement of body segments while maintaining tight control over the exposed joint velocity. Here, we aim to design an ankle robot with 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) – dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (DFPF) to objectively measure ankle joint proprioception in two aspects - joint position sense, and motion sense. To establish the feasibility of the device to evaluate ankle proprioceptive function, a small sample of healthy adult participants (n = 3) was recruited. A psychophysical 2-alternative forced-choice paradigm was employed for ankle position and motion sense evaluation. The ankle robot passively moved the ankle to one of two different positions or at two different stimulus velocities. Subsequently, participants verbally indicated the farthest position or the fastest motion. Based on their responses, a psychometric function was fitted, and a just-noticeable-difference (JND) threshold was established at the 75% correct response level, which served as a measure of ankle joint proprioception. The mean JND position threshold was 0.73°± 0.01°, and the mean JND motion threshold was 0.62°/s ± 0.05°/s. Test-retest reliability tests in all three subjects yielded the reliability coefficients of rT2 − T1 = 0.974 for JND position threshold, and rT2 − T1 = 0.948 for JND motion threshold. We here demonstrate that the feasibility and reliability of this new device to assess ankle proprioceptive acuity.
Pandemic Design: Protective Mask Utilizing Non-Endagered Components
Authors: Griffin Linsey , Durfee William K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A critical component of a successful N95 respirator alternative product in the United States is the ability to circumvent traditional avenues of sourcing and manufacturing. The purpose of this research was to develop and test an alternative facemask design to combat shortages of N95 facemasks by creating a design that can be produced locally with low specialization of materials and process. Through an interdisciplinary network of experts, a new mask design was developed and tested that uses repurposed air filtration media and commercially available components. Manufacturing viability was tested using a small unskilled workforce (n=10-20) to create 6000 masks over 10 days. The ability to quickly produce masks at scale using an unskilled workforce demonstrates the feasibility of the mask design and manufacturing approach to address shortages of critical healthcare equipment, mitigate risk for healthcare and essential workers, and minimize the transmission and spread of disease.
The Impact of Blade Technology on Paralympic Sprint Performance Between 1996 and 2016: Bilateral Amputees’ Competitive Advantage
Authors: Tuakli-Wosornu Yetsa A. , Li Xiang , Ona Ayala Kimberly E. , Wu Yinfei , Amick Michael , Frumberg David B. 
Published: May 2021

It is known that high-performance sprinters with unilateral and bilateral prosthetic lower limbs run at different speeds using different spatiotemporal strategies. Historically, these athletes still competed together in the same races, but 2018 classification rule revisions saw the separation of these two groups. This study sought to compare Paralympic sprint performance between all-comer (i.e., transfemoral and transtibial) unilateral and bilateral amputee sprinters using a large athlete sample. A retrospective analysis of race speed among Paralympic sprinters between 1996 and 2016 was conducted. In total, 584 published race results from 161 sprinters revealed that unilateral and bilateral lower-extremity amputee sprinters had significantly different race speeds in all three race finals (100 m, p value <.001; 200 m, <.001; 400 m, <.001). All-comer bilateral amputee runners ran faster than their unilateral counterparts; performance differences increased with race distance. These data support current classification criteria in amputee sprinting, which may create more equal competitive fields in the future.
Peduncular hallucinosis after a thalamic stroke
Authors: Shahab Mohammad , Ahmed Rashid , Kaur Navreet , Masoud Hesham 
Published: May 2021

Peduncular hallucinosis is a rare form of hallucinations consisting of vivid and nonthreatening colourful visual hallucinations. It was first described by French neurologist Jean Lhermitte in 1922. It sometimes includes distorted images of animals and people. Peduncular hallucinosis has been described after vascular and infective lesions of the mesencephalon and thalamus.We present a case of peduncular hallucinosis after a right thalamic infarction. This is a case of a 75-year-old Caucasian man with a previous medical history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia who presented as a transfer from an outside hospital with transient left facial palsy, upper and lower extremity weakness. His symptoms resolved on arrival. CTA head and neck revealed focal filling defect in the basilar artery and a right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion at its origin. MRI brain without contrast revealed a right thalamic infarct. The patient had vivid hallucinations including his wife sleeping on his hospital bed, seeing his favourite book on the table while he had left it at home, seeing his dogs and a TV show on his room television while it was off. He was easily redirectable, and the hallucinations resolved over 2 days without pharmacological intervention. In cases of thalamic, midbrain or peduncular infarctions, physicians should be cognizant of the possibility of peduncular hallucinosis and inquire about hallucinations. New onset hallucinations in a patient with no prior psychiatric history presenting with concerns for stroke should prompt physicians to strongly consider peduncular hallucinosis.
Treatment timing and the effects of rhythm control strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Daehoon , Yang Pil-Sung , You Seng Chan , Sung Jung-Hoon , Jang Eunsun , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Lip Gregory Y H , Joung Boyoung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether the results of a rhythm control strategy differ according to the duration between diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and treatment initiation.

Design
Longitudinal observational cohort study.

Setting
Population based cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Participants
22 635 adults with atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular conditions, newly treated with rhythm control (antiarrhythmic drugs or ablation) or rate control strategies between 28 July 2011 and 31 December 2015.

Main outcome measure
A composite outcome of death from cardiovascular causes, ischaemic stroke, admission to hospital for heart failure, or acute myocardial infarction.

Results

Of the study population, 12 200 (53.9%) were male, the median age was 70, and the median follow-up duration was 2.1 years. Among patients with early treatment for atrial fibrillation (initiated within one year since diagnosis), compared with rate control, rhythm control was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (weighted incidence rate per 100 person years 7.42 in rhythm control
v
9.25 in rate control; hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.93; P=0.002). No difference in the risk of the primary composite outcome was found between rhythm and rate control (weighted incidence rate per 100 person years 8.67 in rhythm control
v
8.99 in rate control; 0.97, 0.78 to 1.20; P=0.76) in patients with late treatment for atrial fibrillation (initiated after one year since diagnosis). No significant differences in safety outcomes were found between the rhythm and rate control strategies across different treatment timings. Earlier initiation of treatment was linearly associated with more favourable cardiovascular outcomes for rhythm control compared with rate control.

Conclusions
Early initiation of rhythm control treatment was associated with a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes than rate control treatment in patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation. This association was not found in patients who had had atrial fibrillation for more than one year.
Intraocular pressure fluctuation during resistance exercise
Authors: Vaghefi Ehsan , Shon Catherine , Reading Stacey , Sutherland Taylor , Borges Victor , Phillips Geraint , Niederer Rachael L , Danesh-Meyer Helen 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of weightlifting (leg press) on intraocular pressure (IOP).DesignProspective cohort study.SubjectsA total of 24 participants met the inclusion criteria and completed the study procedures. Participants had an average age of 22.7±2.7 years and included nine women. The mean baseline IOP was 13.9 mm Hg (SD=2.4) with an average body mass index of 24.5 (SD= 3.1).MethodsThe maximum load for a single lift was found for each participant. Participants then performed three leg press regimens: one repetition using 95% of maximal load (1RM), six repetitions using 75% of maximal load (6RM) and isometric push against a weight much heavier than maximal load (ISO).Main outcome measureIOP was measured pre-exercise, during and immediately following the exercise using an iCare TA01i rebound tonometer. Blood pressure and HR were being monitored continuously during the lift. Optical coherence tomography images were obtained pre and postexercise session.ResultsThe average maximum weight lifted by our participants was 331.9 Kg (SD=97.3). Transient increased IOP was observed across the 1RM, 6RM and ISO exercises with an average increase in 26.4 mm Hg (23.7 mm Hg to 28.7 mm Hg) to reach an average max IOP of 40.7 mm Hg (27.8 mm Hg to 54.2 mm Hg), with an absolute maximum of 70 mm Hg in one participant.ConclusionsThere is a transient and dramatic fluctuation in IOP with resistance training. This coupled with regular exposure to resistance training is potentially a significant risk factor for glaucoma. It should be noted that this study has been carried out in a healthy young population, and, thus, the external validity of these results in glaucoma participants requires further investigation.
Effects of resistance training at different intensities of load on cross-education of muscle strength
Authors: Pelet Danyelle C.S. , Orsatti Fábio L. 
Published: May 2021

The objectives of this study were to 1) compare the extent of cross-transfer of muscle strength of high- versus low-load unilateral resistance training performed with external pacing of the movement (URTEP) and 2) compare the time course of the 2 approaches. Fifty subjects were randomized to 1 of the following 3 groups: G80 [2 sets at 80% and 2 sets at 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 1 concentric second and 3 eccentric seconds controlled by a metronome]; G40 (4 sets at 40% of 1RM, 1 s and 3 s controlled by a metronome); or control group. At week 1, the G80 increased the elbow flexion 1RM (P < 0.05) in contralateral arm. At week 4, both G80 and G40 increased the elbow flexion 1RM (P < 0.05) in contralateral arm. However, a greater 1RM gain was observed in the G80 than in the G40 (P < 0.05). Thus, although higher-load URTEP seems to enhance the cross-education effect when compared with lower-load URTEP, the cross-education of dynamic strength can be achieved in the 2 approaches after 4 weeks. Many patients would benefit from cross-education of muscle strength through URPEP, even those who are unable to exercise with high loads and in short periods of immobilization. Novelty: Unilateral resistance training promotes cross-education of dynamic muscle strength. However, higher-load resistance training enhances the effects of cross-education of muscle strength.