bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Land Use Change Related to Small-Scale Irrigation Schemes in Kilombero Wetland, Tanzania
Authors: Alavaisha Edmond , Mbande Victor , Börjeson Lowe , Lindborg Regina 
Published: July 2021

Increasing agricultural land use intensity is one of the major land use/land cover (LULC) changes in wetland ecosystems. LULC changes have major impacts on the environment, livelihoods and nature conservation. In this study, we evaluate the impacts of investments in small-scale irrigation schemes on LULC in relation to regional development in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. We used Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques together with interviews with Key Informants (KI) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with different stakeholders to assess the historical development of irrigation schemes and LULC change at local and regional scales over 3 decades. Overall, LULC differed over time and with spatial scale. The main transformation along irrigation schemes was from grassland and bushland into cultivated land. A similar pattern was also found at the regional valley scale, but here transformations from forest were more common. The rate of expansion of cultivated land was also higher where investments in irrigation infrastructure were made than in the wider valley landscape. While discussing the effects of irrigation and intensification on LULC in the valley, the KI and FGD participants expressed that local investments in intensification and smallholder irrigation may reduce pressure on natural land cover such as forest being transformed into cultivation. Such a pattern of spatially concentrated intensification of land use may provide an opportunity for nature conservation in the valley and likewise contribute positively to increased production and improve livelihoods of smallholder farmers.
Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Cleft Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dhillon Harnoor , Chaudhari Prabhat Kumar , Dhingra Kunaal , Kuo Rong-Fu , Sokhi Ramandeep Kaur , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Ahmad Shandar 
Published: July 2021

Objective: This scoping review aims to identify the various areas and current status of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for aiding individuals with cleft lip and/or palate.Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate contributes significantly toward the global burden on the healthcare system. Artificial intelligence is a technology that can help individuals with cleft lip and/or palate, especially those in areas with limited access to receive adequate care.Inclusion Criteria: Studies that used artificial intelligence to aid the diagnosis, treatment, or its planning in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate were included.Methodology: A search of the Pubmed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore databases was conducted using search terms artificial intelligence and cleft lip and/or palate. Gray literature was searched using Google Scholar. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA- ScR guidelines.Results: The initial search identified 458 results, which were screened based on title and abstracts. After the screening, removal of duplicates, and a full-text reading of selected articles, 26 publications were included. They explored the use of AI in cleft lip and/or palate to aid in decisions regarding diagnosis, treatment, especially speech therapy, and prediction.Conclusion: There is active interest and immense potential for the use of artificial intelligence in cleft lip and/or palate. Most studies currently focus on speech in cleft palate. Multi-center studies that include different populations, with collaboration amongst academicians and researchers, can further develop the technology.
Association Between the Normal-Density Psoas Muscle Index and Handgrip Strength or Gait Speed in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kwack Byung Hoon , Kim Jun Chul , Do Jun Young , Kang Seok Hui 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the psoas muscle (PM) index with or without fatty infiltration and various indices associated with muscle mass in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods: We included stable HD patients (n = 83). The collected data included subjective global assessment (SGA) score, ASM/Ht2 (appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the squared height in meters), gait speed (GS; m/s), and handgrip strength (HGS; kg). The abdominal computed tomography (CT) image was obtained using a CT scanner. The PM and normal-density PM (NPM) indices (mm2/m2) were calculated using the whole PM area or the area with an attenuation range of 35–100 HU divided by the squared height in meters.Results: Correlation coefficients for the SGA score, ASM/Ht2, HGS, and GS were greater for the NPM index than for the PM index. The linear regression analysis showed that, on multivariate analysis, the NPM index was significantly associated with the SGA score, ASM/Ht2, and GS. However, the PM index was significantly associated with the SGA score and ASM/Ht2 but not with HGS or GS. For calculating the low GS, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve area was significantly greater for the NPM index than for the PM index (P = 0.012).Conclusion: The present study suggested that the NPM index excluding fatty infiltration may be an early and useful indicator for detecting muscle strength and physical performance among HD patients.
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics and Burden Associated With Recurrent Acute Stroke: A 3D Quantitative Vessel Wall MRI Study
Authors: Sun Beibei , Wang Lingling , Li Xiao , Zhang Jin , Zhang Jianjian , Liu Xiaosheng , Wu Hengqu , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Xu Jianrong , Zhao Bing , Zhao Huilin , Zhou Yan , Zhu Chengcheng 
Published: July 2021

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) tends to affect multiple arterial segments, and previous studies rarely performed a comprehensive plaque analysis of the entire circle of Willis for the evaluation of recurrent stroke risk. We aimed to investigate the features of circle of Willis ICAD on 3D magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) and their relationships with recurrent acute stroke.Methods: Patients with either acute ischemic stroke (within 4 weeks after stroke) or chronic ischemic stroke (after 3 months of stroke) due to intracranial atherosclerotic plaque underwent 3D contrast-enhanced MR-VWI covering major cerebral arteries. Participants were divided into three groups: first-time acute stroke, recurrent acute stroke, and chronic stroke. Culprit plaque (defined as the only lesion or the most stenotic lesion when multiple plaques were present within the same vascular territory of the stroke) and non-culprit plaque characteristics, including total plaque number, plaque thickness, plaque area, plaque burden (calculated as plaque area divided by outer wall area), enhancement ratio (ER), eccentricity, and stenosis, were measured and compared across the three groups. Associations between plaque characteristics and recurrent acute stroke were investigated by multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 176 participants (aged 61 ± 10 years, 109 men) with 702 intracranial plaques were included in this study. There were 80 patients with first-time acute stroke, 42 patients with recurrent acute stroke, and 54 patients with chronic stroke. More intracranial plaques were found per patient in the recurrent acute stroke group than in the first-time acute stroke or chronic stroke group (5.19 ± 1.90 vs. 3.71 ± 1.96 and 3.46 ± 1.33, p &lt; 0.001). Patients in the recurrent acute stroke group had greater culprit plaque burden (p &lt; 0.001) and higher culprit ER (p &lt; 0.001) than the other two groups. After adjustment of clinical demographic factors, in multivariate analysis, coronary artery disease (CAD) (odds ratio, OR = 4.61; p = 0.035), total plaque number (OR = 1.54; p = 0.003), culprit plaque ER (OR = 2.50; p = 0.036), and culprit plaque burden (OR per 10% increment = 2.44; p = 0.010) were all independently associated with recurrent acute stroke compared to the first-time acute stroke.Conclusion: Increased intracranial atherosclerotic plaque number, higher culprit plaque ER, greater culprit plaque burden, and CAD are independently associated with recurrent acute stroke.
Preoperative Systemic Therapy Versus Upfront Surgery in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in the Real World
Authors: Yu Xingfei , Wang Chen , Zheng Yabing , Miao Beibei , Hu Jiejie , Shao Xiying , Sheng Liming , Lin Juan , Ding Yuqin , Xuan Haojun , Ding Yingying , Gong Lijie , Feng Weiliang , Qin Chengdong , Chen Daobao , Yu Yang , Yang Hongjian 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo compare survival in different strategies, preoperative systemic treatment versus upfront surgery, in HER2-positive early breast cancer patients in the real world.MethodsAccording to the actual upfront treatment, eligible patients from 2012 to 2015 were classified as preoperative systemic treatment or upfront surgery group prospectively. The primary endpoint is disease-free survival; the second endpoint is overall survival. All the outcomes were examined in the propensity score matching model and inverse probability of treatment weighting model.ResultsIncluded in the analysis were 1,067 patients (215 in the preoperative systemic treatment group, 852 in the upfront surgery group). In the propensity score matching model (matching at 1:1 ratio), the disease-free survival of the preoperative systemic treatment group was significantly higher than that of the upfront surgery group (hazard ratio, 0.572, 95%CI, 0.371–0.881, P, 0.012). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting model, there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between the two groups (hazard ratio, 0.946, 95%CI, 0.763–1.172, P, 0.609). For overall survival, there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionThe HER2-positive patients who accepted preoperative systemic treatment had better disease-free survival than those who underwent upfront surgery by real-world statistic methods.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04249440.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL) Outcome Measure and Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Xu Richard Huan , Keetharuth Anju Devianee , Wang Ling-ling , Cheung Annie Wai-ling , Wong Eliza Lai-yi 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe primary objective was to translate the Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL) measures from English to traditional Chinese and assess their psychometric properties in Hong Kong (HK) Chinese population. The secondary objective was to investigate the mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of this sample during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodRecovering Quality of Life was translated to Traditional Chinese adhering to standard guideline recommended by the official distributors. Five hundred members of the general population were successfully recruited to participate in a telephone-based survey. The following psychometric properties of the ReQoL were evaluated: construct, convergent, and known-group validity and internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The item measurement invariance was assessed on the basis of differential item functioning (DIF). Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between respondents’ characteristics and mental HRQoL.ResultsResults of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure of the ReQoL. The ReQoL showed significant correlations with the other mental health, quality of life, and well-being measures, which indicated a satisfactory convergent validity. Known-group validity confirmed that ReQoL is able to differentiate between people with different mental health status. The (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91 and 0.76 for positive [PF] and negative [NF] factor), and McDonald’s omega of 0.89 (PF = 0.94, NF = 0.82) indicated the ReQoL has good reliability as well as test–retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.75. Four items showed negligible DIF with respect to age. Respondents who were highly educated and without psychological problems reported a high ReQoL score.ConclusionTraditional Chinese ReQoL was shown to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess the recovery-focused quality of life in HK general population. Future studies are needed to appraise its psychometric properties in local people experiencing mental disorders.
Correlates of Lifetime Physical Abuse Among Schoolchildren Aged 15 Years in Post-communist Albania
Authors: Qirjako Gentiana , Dika Qamil , Mone Iris , Draçini Xheladin , Kuneshka Loreta , Roshi Enver , Burazeri Genc 
Published: July 2021

Aim:Our aim was to assess the prevalence and correlates of lifetime physical abuse among schoolchildren in Albania, a post-communist country in South Eastern Europe which is currently undergoing a rapid socioeconomic transition.Methods:The third wave of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) in Albania was conducted in 2017–18 including a nationwide representative sample of 1,708 schoolchildren aged 15 years (54% girls; response rate: 95%). Children were asked to report on lifetime physical abuse and a wide range of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors and health status characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the independent association of lifetime physical abuse with covariates.Results:Overall, the prevalence of lifetime physical abuse was about 32% (30% in boys vs. 32% in girls). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, independent positive correlates of lifetime physical abuse among Albanian schoolchildren included lifetime smoking (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.2), lifetime alcohol consumption (OR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.2–2.1), irritability (OR[dailyvs.rarely/never]= 2.0, 95%CI = 1.3–3.0), and especially lifetime witnessed domestic violence (OR = 4.2, 95%CI = 2.2–7.9). Conversely, a higher score on life satisfaction was inversely related to lifetime physical abuse (P&lt; 0.01).Conclusion:Our study provides novel evidence about the magnitude and selected independent correlates of lifetime physical abuse among schoolchildren in Albania, a country still embedded in an everlasting transition which is associated with tremendous changes in family structure, community links and societal norms and values. Irrespective of a wide range of sociodemographic factors and health characteristics, lifetime smoking, alcohol consumption, irritability, a lower score on life satisfaction and, particularly, witnessed domestic violence were strong and significant correlates of lifetime physical abuse among Albanian schoolchildren aged 15 years.
A Pilot Outreach HIV Testing Project Among Homeless Adults
Authors: Pichon Latrice C. , Rossi Kristen Rae , Chapple-McGruder Theresa , Krull Lisa Jane , Kmet Jennifer , Carswell April L. 
Published: July 2021

Background: The Memphis metropolitan statistical area (MSA) represents a Deep Southern U.S. city disproportionally affected by the ongoing transmission of new HIV cases as well as those diagnosed in late-stage disease. This region is a subset of nine states, including Memphis, Tennessee (project site), driving the epidemic in the United States. Memphis ranks 4th among all U.S. MSAs for new HIV infections and has been identified in the CDC's Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative as a high HIV burden geographic focus area. The Memphis Ryan White Part A Program conducted a pilot project among adults seeking services in Memphis emergency and transitional housing shelters to offer on-site, rapid HIV testing. In this paper we describe the results from this aforementioned pilot study, including the rate of HIV test acceptance and potential factors associated with a history of HIV testing in Memphis.Methods: Community-engaged research approaches were employed via a partnership between the local health department, a federally qualified faith-based health center, and an academic university. An interviewer-administered survey to measure potential factors associated with HIV testing history and voluntary HIV testing services were offered to adults living in transitional housing establishments. Bivariate chi-square analyses were performed to determine the association between predisposing, enabling, and need variables with HIV testing history in the past 12 months.Results: Survey respondents (n = 109) were mostly cisgender male (n = 96; 88.1%), African American (n = 79; 72.5%) and reported engaging in condomless sex in the past 12 months (n = 55; 50.5%). Acceptability and uptake of HIV testing was high (n = 97; 89.0%).Conclusions: Implementing rapid HIV testing programs outside of traditional health care settings is a strategy that can be used to engage high-risk individuals and those unaware of their HIV status to get tested. To our knowledge, this study represents the first that documents HIV testing acceptance rates offered outside of traditional health care settings for homeless and transitionally housed adults in a Deep Southern state.
THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION MEDIATING WORK FAMILY-CONFLICT AND WORK STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL MIDDLE SCHOOL (SMK) MAGELANG WHEN PJJ (distance learning) is taking place IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Annisa Nenden Nur 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kepuasan kerja memediasi work-family conflict dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja guru wanita sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) Magelang saat PJJ (Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh) berlangsung di masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunkan metode penelitian survei.Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling dengan alat bantu angket atau kuesioner yang berisi empat variabel yaitu work-family conflict (X1), stres kerja (X2), kinerja guru (Y), dan kepuasan kerja (Z). Uji yang digunakan adalah uji instrumen, uji analisis regresi linear berganda, koefisien determinan R2, uji signifikan, uji mediasi/intervening dengan menggunkan SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa work-family conflict dan stres kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru dan pengaruh tersebut dimediasi oleh kepuasan kerja.

Kata kunci: work-family conflict, stres kerja, kepuasan kerja, kinerja
PENGARUH LOKASI USAHA TERHADAP KEUNTUNGAN (STUDI KASUS TOKO PAKAIAN DI KECAMATAN BANTAN KABUPATEN BENGKALIS)
Authors: Andika Sandi 
Published: July 2021

Berbagai faktor yang menyebabkan keberhasilan dalam bisnis yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha, salah satunya adalah lokasi usaha. Lokasi usaha yang tepat tentu akan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap keberlangsungan dan keuntungan usaha tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lokasi usaha terhadap keuntungan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah para pemilik usaha toko pakaian yang membuka usaha di Kecamatan Bantan dengan jumlah toko sebanyak 23, sehingga peneliti menggunakan total sampling. Jenis penelitian ini adalah field research dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, angket atau kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dapat disimpulkan bahwa koefisien korelasi tersebut dapat dinyatakan ada hubungan yang positif diantara variabel lokasi usaha terhadap variabel keuntungan yang dikategorikan “Rendah”, karena koefisien korelasinya yang diperoleh yaitu 0.246 atau 24.6% lebih kecil dari rtabel dengan taraf signifikasi 5% sebesar 0.3515. berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi dan hasil uji t dengan taraf signifikasi 0.257 > 0.05 menandakan bahwa Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak dengan keterangan bahwa lokasi usaha tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keuntungan usaha toko pakaian.
Hazard, Resilience and Development: The Case of Two Maldivian Islands
Authors: Schmidt di Friedberg Marcella , Malatesta Stefano , Dell'Agnese Elena 
Published: July 2021

Due to their geophysical structure, the Maldives face various natural hazards, such as coastal erosion, rising water levels, tsunamis and other climate-related disasters. In 2004, the country was affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami, with almost 12,000 displaced persons and a further 8,500 relocated inhabitants. In the context of the country’s efforts to achieve sustainable development and face climate change, disaster risk reduction and resilience capacity are key issues. The Government is working hard to implement the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risks Reduction 2015-2030, linked to Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. The paper considers the cases of two islands in Dhaalu Atoll – Meedhoo and Rin’budhoo – both affected by the tsunami, where social and economic resilience produced two different models of development. The tsunami hit Meedhoo hard. The island economy depends on fishing and the main threats are its small size and soil erosion. Thus, in 2006 a large area around the island was reclaimed and in 2014 larger reclamation projects were started. Rin’budhoo was also severly impacted by the tsunami; there were two victims and a lot of infrastructural damage, forcing many people to migrate. However, for years local government has promoted no land reclamation. The recovery of the island started from its historical and cultural heritage and the revival of traditional crafts and goldsmithery, involving young people. Two islands, two different resilience stories.
Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Meningkatkan Proses Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Fajarani Reinikah , Sholihah Ulfa’atun , Khanafi Ade Firman 
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang: Proses pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam merupakan suatu hal sangat sangat penting dan kompleks dengan tata aturan dan realisasi dari teori pembelajaran islam, karena banyaknya sumber pengetahuan islam baik dari Al-Qur’an, hadits, pendapat ulama serta lain sebagainya menjadi pengetahuan akan ilmu islam yang sangat berpengaruh.
Tujuan: Meningkatkan manajemen sarana dan prasarana dalam optimalisasi proses belajar mengajar pada pendidikan islam.
Metode: Menggunakan Analisis deskriptif menggunakan berbagai sumber literatur dan artikel sebagai bahan analisis permasalahan penelitian.
Hasil: Bahwa proses manajemen sarana dan prasarana ini bisa memberikan dampak positif untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan islam yaitu diantaranya, menciptakan situasi pembelajaran yang nyaman dan rapi dengan begitu menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang kondusif dan tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas dan relevan dengan kepentingan dan kebutuhan pendidikan melalui sistem perencanaan sehingga sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran islam yang optimal.
Kesimpulan: Pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan dapat didefinisikan sebagai prose kolaboratif yang memungkinkan penggunaan semua sarana dan prasarana secara efisien dan efektif. Definisi ini menunjukkan perlunya pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana untuk kepentingan proses belajar mengajar dan pengelolaan pendidikan islam.