bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and ecological niche modeling reveal evolutionary history of Leiolepis ocellata (Squamata, Leiolepidae)
Authors: Promnun Pattarapon , Tandavanitj Nontivich , Kongrit Chalita , Kongsatree Kritsayam , Kongpraphan Phinit , Dongkumfu Wuttipong , Kumsuan Detanan , Khudamrongsawat Jenjit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeiolepis ocellata is a lizard species distributing in topographically diverse habitats in northern Thailand. To explore its evolutionary history, 113 samples of L. ocellata were collected from 11 localities covering its distributional range in northern Thailand, and sequenced for mtDNA fragments (Cyt b and ND2). Pairwise comparisons across sampling localities yielded significant genetic differentiation (FST and Jost's D) but no clear pattern of isolation by distance could be demonstrated based on the Mantel test. Phylogenetic and network analyses highlighted six haplogroups. Their divergence times were estimated to occur during the Pleistocene, much more recent than major orogenic events affecting northern Thailand. Instead, the results suggested that lineage divergences, of particularly eastern and western haplogroups of the region, coincided with the major rivers in the region (Yom river and Ping river, respectively), indicating vicariance in response to riverine barriers. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling suggested an expansion of suitable habitats of L. ocellata, when LGM‐liked conditions. This expansion potentially facilitated their dispersal among adjacent localities leading to lineage diversification and genetic admixture, after the riverine divergence.
Seasonality in soil temperature may drive the seasonal dynamics of carbonate‐derived CO2 efflux in a calcareous soil
Authors: Sun Yongyu , Fu Linyu , Tang Guoyong , Zhang Chunhua , Liu Fangyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbonates in soils may act as a potential source of CO2 efflux from calcareous soils to the atmosphere. However, its seasonal dynamics and relationships with soil temperature or soil moisture are not well‐understood. A 5‐yr warming experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of symmetric (all season) and asymmetric (seasonal) warming on soil organic fraction (SOC)‐derived efflux and carbonate‐derived CO2 efflux (partitioned by δ13C signature) from a calcareous soil in the karst region of southwest China. In region where precipitation mostly falls during summer, an average of 2.0°C warming under both symmetric and asymmetric warming scenarios produced 6–34% and 11–14% increases in the SOC‐derived efflux and carbonate‐derived efflux, respectively. The SOC‐derived efflux in the symmetric warming scenario was 1.6 times that of the asymmetric warming scenarios, but no changes were found for the carbonate‐derived efflux. The SOC‐derived efflux was positively correlated with both soil temperature and soil moisture, suggesting an entailment with biotic processes. In contrast, the carbonate‐derived efflux was positively correlated with soil temperature, but was poorly correlated with soil moisture. Thus, the seasonal dynamics of the carbonate‐derived efflux in calcareous soils were likely driven by abiotic processes.
Projecting long‐term impacts of a mortality event on vertebrates: incorporating stochasticity in population assessment
Authors: Nur Nadav , Bradley Russell W. , Lee Derek E. , Warzybok Pete , Jahncke Jaime 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWildlife managers must be able to assess the long‐term, population‐wide impacts of mortality events on long lived vertebrates, taking into account the stochastic nature of population fluctuations. Here, we present a case study of the potential impacts on Western gulls (Larus occidentalis) of a single, non‐target mortality event, potentially resulting from exposure to rodenticide directed at eradicating house mice (Mus musculus) on the Farallon Islands National Wildlife Refuge. Firstly, we conducted a population viability analysis based on over 25 yr of Farallon Western gull demographic data to model future population trends under varying environmental conditions. Future population trends for Farallon Western gulls, independent of any potential mouse eradication‐related mortality, depend on the frequency of years with near‐failure in reproductive success, as was observed in 2009, 2010, and 2011. We modeled population trends under three environmental scenarios defined by the probability of near‐failure in future breeding: optimistic (probability of near‐failure = 0.0), realistic (probability = 0.115), or pessimistic (probability = 0.25). Secondly, we determined the maximum level of additional mortality,C, that would result in a population outcome distribution that cannot be effectively distinguished from a no additional mortality scenario after 20 yr (defined as 95% overlap in the two frequency distributions). We determined the threshold of detection to be an additional mortality of 3.3% beyond normally observed levels under the realistic scenario, 2.8% under the optimistic scenario, and 4.2% under the pessimistic scenario. Results demonstrate that the greater the background stochasticity, the greaterCmust be to be able to discriminate a long‐term effect of the mortality event against the backdrop of environmental variability. We demonstrate that incorporation of stochasticity is critical for evaluating one‐time mortality events given the high degree of variability characterizing many ecosystems; deterministic projections alone may provide poor guidance. While the need to account for stochasticity in Population Viability Analysis models is well established, this study is innovative in addressing how to evaluate a future or retrospective one‐time mortality event in the context of stochasticity. Our approach can help resource managers' plan for both best‐case and worst‐case scenarios when evaluating impacts of mortality events.
Modelling three‐dimensional space to design prey refuges using video game software
Authors: Lennon Ox , Wittmer Heiko U. , Nelson Nicola J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRefuges can be ecologically important, allowing access only to some species or individuals and providing prey protection from predators. Creation of refuges can be used to protect threatened species from introduced predators, which can have large negative impacts that are difficult to attenuate via other means. To design refuges for conservation purposes, refuge accessibility to different species must be understood. Traditional techniques are not adequate to measure or describe complex three‐dimensional spaces which are often important refuges. We designed a novel predictive method for modeling three‐dimensional refuge space using video game software that simulates real‐world physics (Unity, PhysX). We use the study system of endemic New Zealand skinks (Oligosoma spp.), their introduced predators, house mice (Mus musculus), and the habitat of interstitial spaces within rock piles to demonstrate how this modeling technique can be used to inform design of habitat enhancement for conservation. We used video game software to model realistic rock piles and measure their interstitial spaces, and found that the spaces we predicted matched those we measured in real rock piles using computed tomography (CT) scanning. We used information about the sizes of gaps accessible to skinks and mice and the results of our modeling to determine the optimal size of rocks to create refuges which would protect skinks from mice. We determined the ideal rock size to be those with graded diameters of 20–40 mm. The approach we developed could be used to describe interstitial spaces in habitats as they naturally occur, or it could be applied to design habitats to benefit particular species.
Conspecific negative density dependence and why its study should not be abandoned
Authors: LaManna Joseph A. , Mangan Scott A. , Myers Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent studies showing bias in the measurement of density dependence have the potential to sow confusion in the field of ecology. We provide clarity by elucidating key conceptual and statistical errors with null‐model approaches used in recent studies of density dependence. Importantly, we show that neither a relabeling null model nor a more biologically appropriate null model reproduces differences in density‐dependent recruitment between tropical and temperate forests, indicating that the latitudinal gradient in negative density dependence is not an artifact of statistical bias. We also suggest a path forward that combines observational comparisons of density dependence in multiple fitness components across localities with mechanistic and geographically replicated experiments.
A Sandwich‐Shaped Hexanuclear Silver Complex with a Giant Cavity Constructed from a Macrocycle with Inward Chelating Units
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Feng Rui Yun , Nabeshima Tatsuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe formation of a macrocyclic hexanuclear silver complex with a giant cavity (diameter ∼16.5 Å) is reported. Six silver centers are sandwiched by two molecules of a macrocyclic ligand possessing six pap (2‐[(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)amino]phenol) chelating units, and the metals are arranged on the wall of the internal cavity. Various analytical techniques revealed that each pap binds to the silver as an NN bidentate ligand.
Mindful Self‐Compassion program for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Torrijos‐Zarcero Marta , Mediavilla Roberto , Rodríguez‐Vega Beatriz , Del Río‐Diéguez María , López‐Álvarez Inés , Rocamora‐González Cristina , Palao‐Tarrero Ángela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough evidence‐based psychological treatments for chronic pain (CP) have been demonstrated to be effective for a variety of outcomes, modest effects observed in recent reviews indicate scope for improvement. Self‐compassion promotes a proactive attitude towards self‐care and actively seeking relief from suffering. Consequently, more compassionate people experience better physical, psychological and interpersonal well‐being.MethodsWe conducted a single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial to examine the effects of a Mindful Self‐Compassion program (MSC) on relevant clinical outcomes in patients with CP. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention arms: MSC or cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT). The protocols of both intervention arms were standardized and consisted of a 150‐min session once a week during 8 weeks formatted to groups of no more than 20 participants. The primary outcome was self‐compassion, measured with the Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS). The secondary outcomes were other pain‐related scores, quality‐of‐life measures, and anxiety and depression scores.ResultsIn all, 62 and 61 patients were assigned to the MSC and CBT groups, respectively. The MSC intervention was more effective than CBT for self‐compassion (average treatment effect [ATE] = 0.126,p < 0.05). The secondary outcomes, pain acceptance (ATE = 5.214,p < 0.01), pain interference (ATE = −0.393,p < 0.05), catastrophizing (ATE = −2.139,p < 0.10) and anxiety (ATE = −0.902,p < 0.05), were also favoured in the experimental arm (MSC). No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionsMindful Self‐Compassion is an appropriate therapeutic approach for CP patients and may result in greater benefits on self‐compassion and emotional well‐being than CBT.SignificanceThis randomized controlled trial compares the novel intervention (MSC program) with the gold standard psychological intervention for CP (CBT). MSC improves the levels of self‐compassion, a therapeutic target that is receiving attention since the last two decades, and it also improves anxiety symptoms, pain interference and pain acceptance more than what CBT does. These results provide empirical support to guide clinical work towards the promotion of self‐compassion in psychotherapeutic interventions for people with CP.
Widely targeted metabolic analysis revealed the changed pigmentation and bioactive compounds in the ripening Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Brongn. fruit
Authors: Shuai Liang , Liu Huan , Liao Lingyan , Lai Tingting , Lai Ziying , Du Xinxin , Duan Zhenhua , Wu Zhenxian , Luo Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBerchemia plants were important materials for Chinese traditional medicines due to their special secondary metabolites. Unlike the root, stem and leaf tissues, Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Brongn. fruit was lacked of systematic metabolic investigation. Biochemical analysis found that the total flavonoid and total phenolic content of Berchemia fruit pulp showed a peak value at red ripe stage, and then decreased, but the total anthocyanin content sharply increased along with the coloration. By widely targeted metabolomic analysis, 644 metabolites were identified and categorized into 23 groups mainly including flavonoid, organic acids, amino acids, lipids, phenylpropanoid, nucleotides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, alcohols, anthocyanins & proanthocyanidins, vitamins, terpenes, polyphenols, phenolamides, quinones, indole derivatives, and sterides. Among them, 111 metabolites and 123 metabolites respectively showed up‐ and down‐regulation from break stage to full mature. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that active secondary metabolism such as biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoid, and alkaloids happened during Berchemia fruit ripening. More importantly, Cyanidin‐3‐O‐galactoside and other 3 cyanidins were found to be the predominant pigments in mature Berchemia fruit and increased cyanidins and pelargonidins but decreased anthocyanins might be contributed to the purple pigmentation of Berchemia fruit. Interestingly, 29 pharmaceutical compounds previously reported in other Berchemia tissues were also detected in ripening Berchemia fruit pulp: 8 flavonoid, 2 quinones & sucrose showed up‐regulated accumulation while 6 polyphenols, 5 flavonoid, 3 phenylpropanoid, 2 organic acids, 1 quinones and β‐sitosterol showed down‐regulated accumulation In conclusion, our first comprehensive metabolic fingerprint will promote the further study of B. floribunda fruit and its medical and food application.
Effects of heat and mass transfer on MHD nonlinear free convection non‐Newtonian fluids flow embedded in a thermally stratified porous medium
Authors: Tharapatla Gladys , RajKumari Pamula , Ramana Reddy Gurrampati V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis communication examines heat alongside mass transport in a nonlinear free convection magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) non‐Newtonian fluid flow with thermal radiation and heat generation deep‐rooted in a thermally stratified penetrable medium. The Casson and Williamson fluid considered in this communication flos simultaneously across the boundary layer and are mixed together. The model of heat alongside mass transport is set up with chemical reaction and thermal radiation alongside heat generation to form a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). Appropriate similarity variables are used to simplify the PDEs to obtain systems of coupled ordinary differential equations. An efficiently developed numerical approach called the spectral homotopy analysis method was used in providing solutions to the transformed equations. A large value of Casson term is observed to degenerate the velocity plot while the Williamson parameter enhances the velocity profile. The parameter of thermal stratification is found to enhance the rate of heat transport within the boundary layer. An incremental value of the magnetic parameter declines the velocity of the fluid and the entire boundary layer thickness. The present result was compared with previous studies and was seen to be in good agreement.
Radiation and slip effects on MHD Maxwell nanofluid flow over an inclined surface with chemical reaction
Authors: Shah Sajid , Atif Shahzada M. , Kamran Abid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe numerical solutions of the upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) nanofluid flow under the magnetic field effects over an inclined stretching sheet has been worked out. This model has the tendency to elaborate on the characteristics of “relaxation time” for the fluid flow. Special consideration has been given to the impact of nonlinear velocity slip, thermal radiation and heat generation. To study the heat transfer, the modified Fourier and Fick's laws are incorporated in the modeling process. The mass transfer phenomenon is investigated under the effects of chemical reaction, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. With the aid of the similarity transformations, the governing equations in the ordinary differential form are determined and then solved through the MATLAB's package “bvp4c” numerically. This study also brings into the spotlight such crucial physical parameters, which are inevitable for describing the flow and heat transfer behavior. This has been done through graphs and tables with as much precision and exactitude as is possible. The ascending values of the magnetic parameter, the Maxwell parameter and the angle of the inclined stretching sheet cause decay in the dimensionless velocity while an assisting behavior of the thermal and concentration buoyancy parameters is noticed.
The effectiveness of the abdominal binder in relieving pain after cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abd‐ElGawad Mohamed , Said Ali Ahmed , Abdelmonem Mohamed , Elshamy Norihan H. , Abdeltawab Ahmed K. , Abd el‐Shafea Mahmoud , Rund Nancy M. A. , Fadlalmola Hammad A. , Ashour Ahmed S. A. , Almohamady Maged 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal binder is a non‐pharmacological method of relieving pain after surgical procedures.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the abdominal binder in relieving pain and distress scores after cesarean delivery (CD).Search strategyThe following terms were searched: cesarean section, cesarean, caesarean, abdominal deliveries, C‐section, abdominal delivery, abdominal binding, binder, and abdominal binder.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) with patients undergoing CD receiving an abdominal binder compared with non‐users of the abdominal binder.Data collection and analysisFive electronic databases were searched until November 2019. Records were screened for eligibility. Data were extracted independently and analyzed. The main outcomes were pain and distress scores.ResultsThe final analysis included six RCTs. Overall effect estimate favored the abdominal binder group over the control group in the following outcomes: VAS pain scores after 24 h (mean difference [MD] −1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.14 to −0.39; P = 0.01), VAS scores after 48 h (MD −1.21; 95% CI −1.51 to −0.90; P < 0.001), distress score after 24 h (MD −1.87; 95% CI −3.01 to −0.73; P = 0.001), and distress score after 48 h (MD −1.87; 95% CI −3.07 to −0.67; P = 0.002).ConclusionThe abdominal binder could be an effective, simple, non‐pharmacological option of relieving pain and distress after CD.
Reframing the narrative: Black maternal mental health and culturally meaningful support for wellness
Authors: Parker Amittia 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBlack mothers with young children have encountered pernicious, multidetermined, racial disparities in the United States for centuries. However, disorders, risks, and stressors among Black mothers with young children are presented in the extant literature with little attention to their strengths, supports, or culturally appropriate ways to intervene and this furthers racism and White supremacy. Further, incomplete and negative narratives about Black mothers are perpetuated. Therefore, this article uses the Afrocentric perspective to better understand the state of Black maternal mental health and supports for mental health. Culturally centered recommendations are presented to move the field of infant mental health toward racial justice‐oriented practice, policy, and research.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human gingival fibroblast and ions release of endodontic sealers incorporated with nanostructured silver vanadate
Authors: Teixeira Ana B. V. , Moreira Natália C. S. , Takahashi Catarina S. , Schiavon Marco A. , Alves Oswaldo L. , Reis Andréa C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of commercial endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Sealer 26 and Endomethasone N) incorporated with nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3 – at concentrations 2.5, 5, and 10%) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF), and the silver (Ag+) and vanadium (V4+/V5+) ions release were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, cell death, and genotoxicity tests were carried out with extract samples of 24‐hr and 7‐days. The release of Ag+ and V4+/V5+ was evaluated. Cytotoxicity in HGF was caused by AH Plus (AP) with 5 and 10% of AgVO3 (83.84 and 67.49% cell viability, respectively) with 24‐hr extract (p < 0.05), as well as all concentrations of AP with 7‐days extract (p < 0.05 –AP 0% = 73.17%; AP 2.5% = 75.07%; AP 5% = 70.62%; AP 10% = 68.46% cell viability). The commercial sealers Sealer 26 (S26) and Endomethasone N (EN) were cytotoxic (p < 0.05 – S26 0% = 34.81%; EN 0% = 20.99% cell viability with 7‐days extract). AP 10% with 7‐days extract induced 32% apoptotic cells in HGF (p < 0.05). Genotoxic effect was not observed. The AP groups released more Ag+, while S26 and EN released more V4+/V5+ in 24 hr. The Ag+ can be cytotoxic. In conclusion, the cytotoxicity caused to HGF can be attributed by the commercial sealers and enhanced by incorporation of AgVO3, was not observed genotoxic effect, and apoptosis was induced only by AH Plus 10% 7‐days extract. Ag+ can influence cell viability.
Stille coupling for the synthesis of isoflavones by a reusable palladium catalyst in water
Authors: Chang Ya‐Ting , Liu Ling‐Jun , Peng Wen‐Sheng , Lin Lin‐Ting , Chan Yi‐Tsu , Tsai Fu‐Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIsoflavones were synthesized from the reaction of 3‐bromochromone derivatives and aryltributylstannanes via Stille coupling catalyzed by a water‐soluble and reusable PdCl2(NH3)2/2,2′‐cationic bipyridyl system in aqueous solution. For prototype 3‐bromochromone, the coupling reaction was performed at 80°C for 24 hr with 2.5 mol% catalyst in water in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride. After the reaction, the aqueous solution could be reused for several runs, indicating that its activity was only slightly decreased. For substituted 3‐bromochromones, the addition of NaHCO3 and a higher reaction temperature (120°C) were required to gain satisfactory outcomes. In addition, naturally occurring products, such as daidzein, could be obtained by this protocol via a one‐pot reaction.