bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA BIOLOGI SELAMA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Al Anshori Fitrah , Sohriati Eva 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu apa saja kendala yang dihadapi mahasiswa pendidikan biologi selama proses pembelajaran daring. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode angket. Angket berisikan pertanyaan mengenai kesulitan apa saja yang terjadi pada mahasiswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Populasi dari penelitian ini seluruh mahasiswa pendidikan biologi semester 1,3,5, dan 7 yang kuliah di Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling, yaitu penggunaan seluruh populasi menjadi sampel penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif didapatkan data bahwa tidak terdapat masalah selama proses pembelajaran daring. Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Bahkan ketika kondisi jaringan kurang memungkinkan maka pembelajaran daring dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp yang tidak mensyarakatkan jaringan kualitas terbaik.
Evaluation of Pancreatotropic and Joint Efficiency of Intracellular Systemic Enzyme in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Babynets Liliia , Halabitska Iryna 
Published: July 2021

Despite the advances of modern evidence-based medicine, the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) remains a complex and unresolved issue. Of course, modification of the patient’s lifestyle improves the condition of a patient with osteoarthritis, but the management of a patient with osteoarthritis without drug therapy, which is mostly symptomatic, is almost impossible.
The objective: was to investigate the effectiveness of intracellular systemic enzyme in the complex therapy of patients with primary OA in comorbidity with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency for the correction of pathological processes developing in patients.
Materials and methods. 69 patients with primary OA in comorbidity with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were examined. The diagnosis of OA was established on the basis of diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatologists (ACR, 2018), the European Association of Rheumatologists (European League Against Rheumatism, EULAR, 2018). American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS, 2018), International Society for the Study of OA (OARSI, 2019). Examination of the joints included examination, palpation, and objective assessment of pain. OA symptoms were also assessed by Leken index and the Harris test. To assess the state of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, the content of fecal α-elastase was determined and the coprogram was evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group received treatment of primary OA according to international recommendations, the 2nd group additionally received an enzymatic drug.
Results. After the treatment, patients of the 1st group showed a statistically significant tendency to deterioration of fecal α-elastase and coprogram (p<0,05), in the 2nd group there was a statistically significant improvement of these indicators (p<0,05). There was also a statistically significant improvement in the course of primary OA in both study groups (p<0,05), but in the 2nd group the therapeutic effect was statistically significantly more significant (p<0,05).
Conclusions. There was a statistically significant positive dynamics of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and course of primary OA in the 2nd group compared to those in the 1st after treatment (p<0,05), which indicates the feasibility of using the enzyme drug in the treatment of patients with primary OA in comorbidity with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Outcomes of pregnancies in women with extremely high ratio of sFlt-1 / PlGF: a series of clinical cases
Authors: Оshovskyy V.I.  , Nikolenko M.I.  , Polyakova Ye.M.  
Published: July 2021

Preeclampsia as one of the manifestations of placental dysfunction associated with dysregulation of pro- and antiangiogenic factors. During normal pregnancy, the concentration of antiangiogenic factor sFlt-1 remains low, which allows accurate transmission of signals induced by proangiogenic factors VEGF and PlGF. This balance is crucial to maintain physiological vasodilation. Under hypoperfusion, the placenta increases the synthesis of sFlt-1, trying to increase maternal pressure and increase placental perfusion.The objective: to study the clinical outcomes of pregnancies in a group with extremely high ratios of sFlt-1 and PlGF.Materials and methods. The results of determining the levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sfLT-1), which were performed during 2017-2020 in the serum of 128 pregnant women at 18–39 weeks, were analyzed.Results. The mean age of pregnant women was 28,4±4 years. The average gestational age during the study was 26±5 weeks. The majority of pregnant women had signs of IUGR (62,5%) and/or preeclampsia (50%) during the study. The average level of the sFlt/PIGF ratio was 1747 pg/ml. In 100% of cases with a digital ratio of more than 850, signs of an obstetric angiogenic catastrophe that required immediate delivery developed during the nearest future. The average time from analysis to delivery was 10 days. In 50% of pregnant women, urgent delivery was required within 48 hours after analysis. Favorable neonatal results were observed in 37,5% of women.Conclusion. We found a tendency for worsening perinatal outcomes in women with extremely high sFlt-1/PlGF ratios after reaching 850. Careful monitoring of the pregnant woman and consideration of need for prophylactic administration of corticosteroids to accelerate fetal lung maturation in this group is rational.
Features of the pathogenesis and treatment of dishormonal breast dysplasia in women of early reproductive age
Authors: Kravchenko E.V. 
Published: July 2021

The objective: was to determine the effectiveness of the use of complex therapy in the treatment of diffuse forms of dishormonal breast dysplasia (DВD) in women of early reproductive age.Materials and methods. Under observation were 42 women with a diffuse form of BPH at the age of 25–31 years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy non-pregnant women, parity in age, social status and living conditions. The diagnosis of DВD was established on the basis of the analysis of anamnestic data, patient complaints, clinical data, X-ray and ultrasound studies carried out on the 5–7 day of the menstrual cycle.Results. In 35 (83.3%) patients, DВD developed against the background of a normal biphasic menstrual cycle, in 7 (16.7%) – with an inferior luteal phase. During an instrumental examination, 23 (54.8%) of the women were diagnosed with fibrocystic form of DВD, 15 (35.7%) had adenofibromatosis, and 4 (9.5%) had glandular cystic mastopathy.The use of Enat 400, phytochemical oncoprotectors, venotonics and sedatives provides, in the vast majority (95.2%) of patients of early reproductive age, high clinical efficacy in the treatment of DВD. According to instrumental methods of breast imaging, the regression of DВD occurred in 38 (90.5%) of young patients.Conclusions. In the treatment of DВD in patients of early reproductive age, Enat 400 in combination with other drugs, due to the antioxidant, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, antitumor activity of the therapy, have established themselves as effective and safe agents.
English Borrowing Words in Indonesian Informatics Engineering Articles: Types and Meanings
Authors: Anggraeni Dwinesa 
Published: July 2021

<p>The development of science and technology affects the language field. The main influence of this development is the appearance of a lot of new vocabulary related to science and technology matter. It can’t be ignored that English is widely spread and used in describing things for example in social media, electronic stuff, e-commerce, aviation, the science and technology field, etc. As the result, some English vocabulary has been borrowed to explain things that there is no suitable or provided word in Indonesian. Borrowing words can cause the problems such as spelling and pronouncing whether in Indonesian or English. Some English words have been taken to the Indonesian dictionary by following EYD. However, people may tend to know the English version of borrowing words rather than the Indonesian (EYD) especially the IT people. But, they might don’t know that there is a possibility of a shift in the meaning. To figure out this problem, this research aims to know (1) the English borrowing words and their meanings in some Indonesian informatics engineering articles (2) the types of English borrowing words used in some Indonesian informatics engineering articles. The researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method in doing the research. From the result, it’s found that 20% and 35% loanword from 1st and 2nd journal, loan blend 80% and 65%. Then, its 0% for loan shift.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Borrowing Words, English Word, Informatics Engineering Articles</p>
Correlation Cholesterol and Triglyceride Level on Cognitive Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahmuda Iin novita Nurhidayati , Ulfah Fairuz 
Published: July 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a type of non-communicable disease that is still a public health problem both globally, regionally, nationally and locally. The prevalence of DM in the world is 1.9% and makes DM the seventh cause of death in the world.Â One of the complications caused by DM is a decrease in cognitive function.Â The triggers for cognitive function include high cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Â The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride leves on cognitive function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Boyolali.Â This study is an analytic observational study with aÂ cross sectionalÂ approachÂ .The subject are 51 respondents.Â The sampling technique used in this study wasÂ purposive sampling technique.Â Data analyzed withÂ chi-squareÂ testÂ .Â it wasÂ found that there was a correlation between cholesterol level and cognitive function with a p-value of 0.003 <0.05 and there was also correlation triglyceride level and cognitive function with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05.Â There is a significant correlation between cholesterol and triglyseride level with cognitive function in type II diabetic patient.Â
Aplikasi Mobile Mindfulness â€œGet Fresh And Rilexsâ€ Dapat Menurunkan Stres Perawat
Authors: Rachmawati Nunung , Aristina Tenang 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi mobile mindfulness â€œGFRâ€ terhadap stres kerja perawat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan Â pre dan post-test with control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah perawat unit khusus RSUD Sleman, dengan sampel perawat di unit HD dan IGD berjumlah 28. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu DASS 42. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan skor stres pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol dengan nilai p > 0,05. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah tidak ada pengaruh signifikan penggunaan aplikasi mobile mindfulness â€œGFRâ€ terhadap skor stres perawat di RSUD Sleman dengan nilai p= 0,433.
Distribution of HPV genotypes among women with abnormal cytology results in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Plitt Sabrina S , Kichuk Ryan , Geier Sheena , Smith Trenton , Roy Felicia , Severini Alberto , Charlton Carmen L 
Published: July 2021

Background: Persistent infection with a subset of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes can cause abnormal cytology and invasive cervical cancer. This study examines the circulating HPV genotype strains in a local population of the province of Alberta (a largely unvaccinated population) to establish baseline frequency of vaccine and non-vaccine genotypes causing abnormal cervical cytology. Method: Remnant liquid-based cytology specimens from the Alberta Cervical Cancer Screening Program (March 2014–January 2016) were examined. Only specimens from women who had a cytology grading of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher were included. HPV genotype was determined for all samples, and results were stratified by demographics and cytology results. Results: Forty-four unique HPV genotypes were identified from 4,794 samples. Of the 4,241 samples with a genotype identified, the most common genotypes were HPV 16, 18, 31, and 51, with 1,599 (37.7%), 441 (12.2%), 329 (7.8%), and 354 (8.4%), respectively. HPV9 vaccine genotypes made up 73.2% of these genotyped samples. Compared with specimens in which HPV9 vaccine genotypes were not detected, those with a genotype covered by the HPV9 vaccine were from younger women (33 [interquartile range {IQR] 28 to 42] y versus 40 [IQR 32 to 51] y; p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The baseline distribution of HPV genotypes in this largely unvaccinated population indicates that the HPV9 vaccine provides good protection from high-risk HPV infections. Determining the frequency of genotypes causing abnormal cytology in this population post–vaccine implementation will be important to assess efficacy of vaccination and monitor for any potential genotype replacement.
Diagnostic Measurement of Supersonic Ammonia and Nitrogen/Hydrogen-Mixture DC Plasma Jets for Nitriding Under a Low Pressure Environment
Authors: Tahara H. , Shibata T. , Mitsuo K. , Yoshikawa T. , Ando Japan Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spectroscopic and electrostatic probe measurements were carried out to understand the plasma feature inside and outside a 10-kW-class direct-current arc plasma jet generator with a supersonic expansion nozzle. Ammonia and a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen were used as the working gas. The NH3 and N2+3H2 plasmas in the throat were expected to be nearly in a temperature-equilibrium condition, although the plasmas in the expansion nozzle and in the downstream plume without substrate plates were in thermodynamical nonequilibrium states. As a result, the H-atom excitation temperature and the N2 rotational excitation temperature decreased from 7000-11000 K in the throat to about 4000 K and to 1000-1500 K, respectively, on the nozzle exit at 0.1-0.2 g/s, although the NH rotational temperature did not show an axial decrease even in the nozzle. On the other hand, each temperature was almost kept a small range in the downstream plume without substrate plates under an ambient pressure of 130 Pa except for the NH rotational temperature for NH, working gas, although in the case with a titanium plate the nonequilibrium plasma came to a temperature-equilibrium one as approaching the plate.
Plasma Spraying of Functionally Graded Materials: Measured and Simulated Results
Authors: Fincke J.R. , Williamson R.L. , Chang C.H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thermal spray processing of functionally graded materials requires that the spray patterns of different particle types coincide at impact and that each particle type arrives with the appropriate temperature and degree of melting. Measurements of particle velocity, temperature, and size along with spray pattern characteristics have been obtained for co-injected NiCrAlY and zirconia powder. The plasma and particle flow fields were also simulated with a pseudo 3-D model using the LAVA computer code. The model assumes that the gas flow is axisymmetric while the particles are treated in a fully 3-D manner. A stochastic discrete-particle model that includes turbulent dispersion dictates particle behavior. The simulation produced reasonably accurate velocities and particle trajectories, although, particle temperature is consistently over predicted. Comparisons between the calculated and measured velocity and temperature statistical distributions and calculated molten fractions are discussed.
Process Maps for Plasma Spray Part I: Plasma-Particle Interactions
Authors: Gilmore D.L. , Neiser R.A. , Wan Y. , Sampath S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This is the first paper of a two part series based on an integrated study carried out at Sandia National Laboratories and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The aim of the study is to develop a more fundamental understanding of plasma-particle interactions, droplet-substrate interactions, deposit formation dynamics and microstructural development as well as final deposit properties. The purpose is to create models that can be used to link processing to performance. Process maps have been developed for air plasma spray of molybdenum. Experimental work was done to investigate the importance of such spray parameters as gun current, auxiliary gas flow, and powder carrier gas flow. In-flight particle diameters, temperatures, and velocities were measured in various areas of the spray plume. Samples were produced for analysis of microstructures and properties. An empirical model was developed, relating the input parameters to the in-flight particle characteristics. Multi-dimensional numerical simulations of the plasma gas flow field and in-flight particles under different operating conditions were also performed. In addition to the parameters which were experimentally investigated, the effect of particle injection velocity was also considered. The simulation results were found to be in good general agreement with the experimental data.
Effect of Contact Resistance and Substrate Melting on Thermal Spray Coating
Authors: Sun D.W. , Xu J. , Zhang H. , Wan Y.P. , Prasad V. , Wang G.X. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A numerical model is developed to study the effects of the contact resistance, droplet impacting droplet temperature, and substrate temperature on the droplet solidification rate and temperature of the droplet under the condition when the substrate can melt and re-solidify. Two-dimensional simulations show that the interface velocity is small in the area of poor contact with an irregular solidification interface shape. During the impact of Molybdenum on a steel substrate, Mo solidifies while the steel substrate melts.
Cold Spray Processing of Titanium Powder
Authors: Karthikeyan J. , Kay C.M. , Lindeman J. , Lima R.S. , Berndt C.C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Oxygen-free titanium coatings are at present produced using vacuum plasma spray systems. The cold spray process can produce titanium coatings in atmospheric air at reduced cost. Variations of the deposition efficiency as well as the coating characteristics with various process parameters were studied. Results show that the deposition efficiency drops drastically below a critical temperature. The parameters which affect the jet velocity; viz., the type of gas and the nozzle geometry have maximum effect on the process deposition efficiency. Sprayed coatings were porous and exhibited a low modulus and high hardness. Post processing of the coating by machining produced dense, strong and hard coatings. Key words: Cold-Spray, Titanium, Oxidation.
Cold Spraying–A Study of Process and Coating Characteristics
Authors: Kreye H. , Stoltenhoff T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In cold spraying, coatings are formed by a high velocity impact of solid particles. The particles are accelerated in a supersonic gas jet at temperatures of only a few hundred degrees centigrade. In contrast to thermal spray processes no melting of the particles and negligible heating of the substrate occurs. A series of spray experiments with copper powders of different particle size ranges were performed to study the effect of various process parameters on microstructure and properties of the coatings. The coatings have been evaluated for their microstructure, density, oxygen content, hardness and bond strength. With nitrogen as process gas and a -25 +5µm powder, dense coatings were obtained within a broad range of gas inlet pressure and gas inlet temperature.
Properties of Cored Wire Arc Sprayed AI/AI2O3 Composite Coatings
Authors: Ma S. , Zhu Y. , Yang C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dual-wire arc sprayed Al/Al2O3 MMC coatings have been successfully applied to shipboard and other steel structures. However, the feed wire used is difficult to produce, restricting the application potential of the method. To avoid this difficulty, arc sprayable cored wire was developed, with Al2O3 powder as the filling material and commercial aluminum strip as the retaining sheath. Arc sprayed coatings made from cored Al/Al2O3 wire have been characterized based on bond strength, Al2O3 content, microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance, and the results are compared with those of pure aluminium coatings.
Transient Droplet/Substrate Contact Pressure During Droplet Flattening on Flat Substrate in Plasma Spraying
Authors: Li C.-J. , Li J.-L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The spreading process of an isothermal droplet impinging on flat substrate surface in plasma spraying is studied numerically in 2D cylindrical coordinate systems by using 'Marker-And-cell (MAC) Technique. The changes and distributions of the transient contact pressures upon substrate surface at flattening are calculated under different droplet conditions with different impacting velocities and densities. The simulated results show that the transient contact pressure is initially high and concentrates at a small contacting area, it then spreads and drops quickly while droplet flattens. The maximum pressure is located at the front of the droplet at early stage of deformation, which pushes the fluid moving quickly along substrate surface and results in lateral flow. The contact pressure is mainly related to the droplet density and impact velocity. The peak pressure reduces consistently along the substrate surface so that the splashing at the periphery of flattening droplet may occur to form a reduced disk like splat because of the falling of contact pressure in this region and the escaping of the evaporated gas from the droplet / substrate interface.
Thermal Spray Processing of WC-Co Nanomaterials
Authors: Voyer J. , Marple B.R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
WC-Co based cermets are extensively used in wear applications due to their hardness and toughness. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for using nanoscale constituents to improve the wear properties of these materials. In the present study, two WC-Co powders containing a nanosized WC phase were used to produce coatings by HVOF thermal spraying. These powders had similar properties except for the volume percent binder present: WC-8C0 and WC-12Co. The thermal spraying conditions were varied in order to identify their effect on the microstructure, properties and phase composition of the sprayed coatings. The as-sprayed coatings possess porosity values ranging between 1% and 2% and microhardness values (HV100) from 1150 to 1550, which are quite similar to values obtained for conventionally sized WC-based coatings. For all the coatings, phase analysis indicated significant degradation of the WC phase to produce W2C, W, CO3W3C and Co6W3C. For some spray conditions, even WO3 phase was found in the coatings. The JP-5000 HVOF system produces coatings with lower porosity, similar microhardness values and, more importantly, with lower WC degradation than the coatings produced with the DJ-2700.
SiC Coating Synthesis by RF Induction Plasma Spraying from Liquid Silane Precursor
Authors: Bouyer E. , Müller M. , Henne R.H. , Schiller G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper a process based on both Thermal Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (TPCVD) and Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) is applied on r.f. induction thermal plasma for α/β-SiC ceramic synthesis and deposition. The starting materials are low-cost liquid disilanes. The resulting coatings are investigated by means of SEM and XRD. Results on the influence of the processing parameters (i.e. pressure, spray distance, substrate temperature, plasma gas nature and composition, precursor composition, atomization parameters) on the coating phase and microstructure are shown. Control of the microstructure (or nanostructure) as well as of the phase content, namely the ratio α/β can be achieved. A processing route presenting the elementary steps of SiC TPCVD is also proposed.