bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for the genomic and functional evolution of the MIR2118 family in the grass lineage
Authors: Lan Ting , Yang Xiaoyu , Chen Jiwei , Tian Peng , Shi Lina , Yu Yu , Liu Lin , Gao Lei , Mo Beixin , Chen Xuemei , Tang Guiliang 
Published: December 2021

Summary

The MIR2118 family has undergone tremendous expansion in the grass lineage, in which the miRNA targets numerous noncoding PHAS loci to produce 21‐nt phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) involved in male fertility. However, the evolutionary trajectory of the grass MIR2118 genes and the functions of phasiRNAs have not yet been fully elucidated.

We conducted comparative genomic, molecular evolution, expression and parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE) analyses of MIR2118 and the miR2118‐mediated regulatory pathway in grasses, focusing on Oryza sativa.

In total, 617 MIR2118 and eight MIR1859 novel members were identified. Phylogenetic analyses showed that grass MIR2118 genes form a distinct clade from the MIR482/2118 genes of nongrass species. We reconstructed hypothetical evolutionary histories of the grass MIR2118 clusters and its MIR1859 variants, and examined the polycistronic composition and the differential expression of the osa‐MIR2118 clusters. PARE data showed that osa‐miR2118 might also direct the cleavage of some protein‐coding gene transcripts. Importantly, we found that PARE analysis is inherently prone to false‐positive target predictions when a large number of small RNAs, such as phasiRNAs, are analysed.

Our results revealed the evolution and diversification of the MIR2118 family, and provide new insights into the functions of phasiRNAs in the grasses.
The Impact of Top Incomes Biases on the Measurement of Inequality in the United States
Authors: Hlasny Vladimir , Verme Paolo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper assesses how top incomes biases affect the estimation of income inequality in the United States using the Current Population Survey (the March Annual Social and Economic Supplement) and two alternative correction methods – a stochastic approach based on reweighting and a semi‐parametric approach based on replacing observations. Consistently with previous studies, both methods and their joint application show that income inequality in the United States between 1979 and 2014 has been consistently underestimated by several percentage points. The level of underestimation is positively and significantly associated with mean income, non‐response rates and the initial level of inequality. Reweighting is found to address top incomes biases – specifically those related to unit and item non‐response – consistently and more effectively than replacing, possibly because widely used parametric distributions do not represent US top incomes accurately.
Global Representation of the Conditional LATE Model: A Separability Result*
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chang , Xie Haitian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the latent index representation of the conditional LATE model, making explicit the role of covariates in treatment selection. We find that if the directions of the monotonicity condition are the same across all values of the conditioning covariate, which is often assumed in the literature, then the treatment choice equation has to satisfy a separability condition between the instrument and the covariate. This global representation result establishes testable restrictions imposed on the way covariates enter the treatment choice equation. We later extend the representation theorem to incorporate multiple ordered levels of treatment.
Understanding pediatric ventilation in the operative setting. Part II: Setting perioperative ventilation
Authors: Spaeth Johannes , Schumann Stefan , Humphreys Susan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractApproaches toward lung‐protective ventilation have increasingly been investigated in recent years. Despite evidence being found in adults undergoing surgery, data in younger children are still scarce and controversial. From a physiological perspective, however, the continuously changing characteristics of the respiratory system from birth through adolescence require an approach based on the analysis of each individual patient. The modern anesthesia workstation provides such information, with the technical strengths and weaknesses being discussed in a review preceding the present work (see Part I). The present summary aims to provide ideas on how to translate the information displayed on the anesthesia workstation to patient‐oriented clinical ventilation settings.
Sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients: Results from a phase IV randomized study
Authors: Voss Tiffini , Wang Aobo , DeAngelis Matthew , Speek Marcel , Saldien Vera , Hammer Gregory B. , Wrishko Rebecca , Herring W. Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew randomized studies have assessed recovery from rocuronium‐ or vecuronium‐induced moderate or deep neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex in pediatric participants.AimTo assess sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in pediatric participants.MethodsThis was a randomized, phase IV, active comparator‐controlled, double‐blind study. Participants aged 2 to <17 years, under moderate or deep neuromuscular blockade, were administered sugammadex (2 or 4 mg/kg) or neostigmine (50 µg/kg; for moderate neuromuscular blockade only). Predefined adverse events of clinical interest, including clinically relevant bradycardia, hypersensitivity, and anaphylaxis, were monitored. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to recovery to a train‐of‐four ratio of ≥0.9 in participants receiving sugammadex 2 mg/kg versus neostigmine for reversal of moderate neuromuscular blockade, analyzed by analysis of variance adjusted for neuromuscular blocking agent and age.ResultsOf 288 randomized participants, 272 completed the study and 276 were included in the analyses. Clinically relevant bradycardia was experienced by 2.0%, 1.6%, and 5.9% of participants in the sugammadex 2 mg/kg, sugammadex 4 mg/kg, and neostigmine groups, respectively. No hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis events were observed. Recovery to a train‐of‐four ratio of ≥0.9 with sugammadex 2 mg/kg was faster than neostigmine (1.6 min, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0 vs. 7.5 min, 95% CI 5.6 to 10.0; p < .0001) and was comparable to sugammadex 4 mg/kg (2.0 min, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.3).ConclusionsPediatric participants recovered from rocuronium‐ or vecuronium‐induced moderate neuromuscular blockade significantly faster with sugammadex 2 mg/kg than with neostigmine. Time to reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex 4 mg/kg was consistent with that of moderate neuromuscular blockade reversal. No meaningful differences in clinically relevant bradycardia, hypersensitivity, or anaphylaxis were seen with sugammadex vs neostigmine. These results support the use of sugammadex for reversal of moderate and deep rocuronium‐ and vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade in patients aged 2 to <17 years.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03351608/EudraCT 2017‐000692‐92.
Effects of floor pattern on flight behaviour of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai, during orientation flight in a sex pheromone plume
Authors: Miyamoto Ryusuke , Tabata Jun , Kainoh Yooichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsects control their flight toward a distant odour source by integrating multimodal sensory information, such as olfactory and visual information. Control of flight speed in orientation flight toward an odour source using visual patterning below has been observed in many species of moths. However, there are few reports about moth flight behaviour over solid‐coloured floors. To examine, which visual stimuli affect flight behaviour of moths, male smaller tea tortrix (Adoxophyes honmai) were released in a pheromone plume over two striped floors (longitudinal and transverse stripes) and two unpatterned floors (solid white and solid black). Flight behaviours were videotaped, and upwind flight speed, height (altitude) and the number of backward movements moths made as they approached the pheromone source were determined. Male moths significantly increased mean and maximum upwind flight speed over longitudinal stripes relative to their speed over transverse stripes. Their speed over a solid black floor was the fastest of all floor patterns tested. As males approached the pheromone source, their mean upwind speed decreased significantly over all floor patterns, except for the black floor. Fewer moths made backward movements over the black floor compared with the other three floors. In addition, male moths flew significantly higher over the white floor than over the other three floors, while 60–40 cm from the pheromone source. This is the first time that differences in moth flight behaviour over two patternless floors have been reported. These results suggest that orientation flight behaviour of male moths is affected not only by visual patterns, but also by the reflectance or reflected wavelength spectrum of the floor.
Synthetic Controls with Staggered Adoption
Authors: Ben-Michael Eli , Feller Avi , Rothstein Jesse 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStaggered adoption of policies by different units at different times creates promising opportunities for observational causal inference. Estimation remains challenging, however, and common regression methods can give misleading results. A promising alternative is the synthetic control method (SCM), which finds a weighted average of control units that closely balances the treated unit’s pre-treatment outcomes. In this paper, we generalize SCM, originally designed to study a single treated unit, to the staggered adoption setting. We first bound the error for the average effect and show that it depends on both the imbalance for each treated unit separately and the imbalance for the average of the treated units. We then propose ‘partially pooled’ SCM weights to minimize a weighted combination of these measures; approaches that focus only on balancing one of the two components can lead to bias. We extend this approach to incorporate unit-level intercept shifts and auxiliary covariates. We assess the performance of the proposed method via extensive simulations and apply our results to the question of whether teacher collective bargaining leads to higher school spending, finding minimal impacts. We implement the proposed method in the augsynth R package.
How Do Women Learn They Are Pregnant? The Introduction of Clinics and Pregnancy Awareness in Nepal
Authors: Musse Isabel , Thornton Rebecca , Ghimire Dirgha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe earlier a woman learns about her pregnancy status, the sooner she can make decisions about her own and infant's health. This paper examines how women learn about their pregnancy status and measures how access to pregnancy tests affects earlier pregnancy knowledge. Using 10 years of individual‐level monthly panel data in Nepal, we find that, on average, women learn they are pregnant in their 4.6th month of pregnancy. Living approximately a mile further from a clinic offering pregnancy tests increases the time a woman knows she is pregnant by one week (5 percent increase) and decreases the likelihood of knowing in the first trimester by 4.5 percentage points (16 percent decrease). Women with prior pregnancies experience the most substantial effects of distance within the first two trimesters, while, for women experiencing their first pregnancy, distance does not affect knowledge. These results suggest that, while access to clinics can increase pregnancy awareness for women who recognize pregnancy symptoms, other complementary policies are needed to increase pregnancy awareness of women in their first pregnancy.
BRAF mutation status and its prognostic significance in 79 canine urothelial carcinomas: A retrospective study (2006–2019)
Authors: Gedon Julia , Kehl Alexandra , Aupperle‐Lellbach Heike , von Bomhard Wolf , Schmidt Jarno M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUrothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common tumour of the canine urinary bladder. Recently, BRAF mutation testing emerged as a diagnostic option, but its prognostic significance is unknown. This study investigates the relationship between BRAF (variant V595E) mutation status and overall survival in UC‐bearing dogs. Seventy‐nine patients histologically diagnosed with UC of the bladder and/or urethra between 2006 and 2019 were included in this retrospective single‐centre‐study. Treatment consisted of meloxicam (n = 39, group 1 ‘Melox’), mitoxantrone and meloxicam (+/− followed by metronomic chlorambucil; n = 23, group 2 ‘Chemo’) or partial cystectomy followed by meloxicam +/− mitoxantrone (n = 17, group 3 ‘Sx’). Survival was significantly influenced by treatment (p = .0002) and tumour location (p < .001) in both uni‐ and multivariable analyses. BRAF mutation was identified in 51 tumours (=64.6%) and had no statistically significant influence on overall survival: MST for BRAF‐negative patients 359 versus 214 days for BRAF‐positive dogs (p = .055). However, in BRAF‐positive dogs, survival depended significantly on type of treatment in univariable analysis: MSTs for groups 1–3 were 151, 244 and 853 days, respectively (p = .006); In BRAF‐positive group 2 (‘Chemo’)‐patients, adjuvant metronomic chlorambucil after mitoxantrone more than doubled MST compared to patients receiving mitoxantrone alone (588 vs. 216 days; p = .030). In contrast, MSTs were not significantly different in BRAF‐negative patients among the three treatment groups (p = .069). Multivariate analysis of these data was not possible due to group size limitations. This study identified tumour location and treatment type, but not BRAF mutation status, as independent prognostic factors for overall survival.
Outcome in dogs with curative‐intent treatment of localized primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Murray Caroline A. , Willcox Jennifer L. , De Mello Souza Carlos H. , Husbands Brian , Cook Matthew R. , Clifford Craig , Leeper Haley , Pellin MacKenzie , Richardson Danielle , Herrera Chamisa L. , Krick Erika , McMillan Sarah , Al‐Nadaf Sami , Skorupski Katherine A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma (PHS) is a rare form of dendritic cell or macrophage neoplasia originating within the pulmonary parenchyma. There is limited literature describing prognosis in dogs with PHS receiving curative‐intent treatment consisting of surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary objective of this study was to report outcomes in dogs with localized PHS treated with standardized local and systemic therapy. A secondary objective was to identify prognostic factors in this population. A multi‐institutional retrospective study was performed and medical records including all surgical and histopathologic reports were retrospectively reviewed. For inclusion, dogs were required to have confirmed localized PHS and they must have undergone curative‐intent surgery with resection of all gross primary tumour and enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes; additionally, they must have received curative‐intent treatment with adjuvant single‐agent CCNU chemotherapy. Twenty‐seven dogs from six veterinary teaching hospitals and five private practices treated from 2008–2019 were included. The overall median survival time was 432 days. Higher CCNU dose was demonstrated to have a negative impact on survival on univariate, but not multivariable, analysis. Factors that were not found to be associated with survival on univariate analysis included body weight, breed, clinical signs at the time of diagnosis, hypoalbuminaemia, tumour size, lung lobe affected, lymph node metastasis, surgical margins and CCNU dose reductions. This study supports a favourable prognosis for dogs diagnosed with localized PHS treated with curative‐intent surgery in addition to adjuvant CCNU chemotherapy and suggests that multimodal treatment may be advisable to attempt to prolong survival.
Development and Validation of a Design Tool for an Improved Pitot-Tube Jet-Pump Allowing Continuous Fluid-Fluid Separation
Authors: von Deylen Jan , Köpplin J. , Thévenin D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A pitot-tube jet-pump (PTJ pump) has been considerably modified and extended in order to continuously separate and transport liquids of different densities. As a first application, an oil–water mixture is considered in this work. The modified PTJ pump could be used as a primary separator for oil-polluted water (e.g., around off-shore platforms, after oil spills from ships), while additionally being able to transport the resulting fluid to further heaters, exchangers, centrifuges, distillation columns, etc., without necessitating additional machinery. The performance behavior of the separating PTJ pump (abbreviated SPP in what follows) has been first investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and then validated by comparison with experimental data acquired on a small-scale prototype. Based on these observations, a design tool has been developed to (i) predict performance and (ii) support proper device scaling. This tool is based on dimensionless parameters that are already employed for classical turbomachinery, similar to the Cordier chart. However, since the SPP works at an extremely low specific speed, its operating points lie outside the standard Cordier chart. To verify the accuracy of the design tool, a scale-up test has been conducted and validated by CFD, delivering a good agreement. A separation efficiency better than 99% has been obtained in the experiments for suitable operation conditions, while the numerical scale-up test reveals a head of 15.1 m and an oil content below 0.2% in the purified water at the high-pressure outlet.
Do Older Brazilian Women Who Participate in a Regular Physical Exercise Program Have Higher Habitual Physical Activity Levels? A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Accelerometer Data
Authors: Pinhal Kaio Cesar , Moreira Bruno de Souza , Vieira Renata Alvarenga , Alcântara Marcus Alessandro , Dias João Marcos Domingues , Dias Rosângela Correa , Kirkwood Renata Noce , Bastone Alessandra de Carvalho 
Published: December 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the habitual physical activity level, measured by accelerometry, gait performance, assessed by the GAITRite® system, handgrip strength, and static balance between older Brazilian women who participate (n = 50; 70.7 ± 5.5 years) and do not participate (n = 50; 70.1 ± 5.6 years) in a regular physical exercise program, and to investigate whether participation in a regular exercise program ensures compliance with physical activity recommendations. Older women who participated in a regular physical exercise program had significantly shorter sedentary activity time (effect size [ES] = 0.54), longer moderate activity time (ES = 0.85), and higher energy expenditure (ES = 0.64), number of steps (ES = 0.82), gait speed (ES = 0.49), and step length (ES = 0.45). However, regular participation in an exercise program did not guarantee compliance with physical activity recommendations. Behavioral changes to increase physical activity levels among older women who do and do not participate in a regular exercise program are necessary.
The Role of Physical Activity and Depression on Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Using Propensity Score Matching Approaches
Authors: Bae Suyeong , Pappadis Monique R. , Nam Sanghun , Hong Ickpyo 
Published: December 2021

This study examined the association between achieving the recommended physical activity level and quality of life after controlling for depression. Health information from adults aged 65 years and older, who had participated in the seventh 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, was used. Five covariate adjustment models were used to derive robust estimates of the association between physical activity practice levels, depression, and older adults’ quality of life. A total of 1,336 older adults was extracted from the seventh 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and 31% of the older adults achieved the recommended physical activity level, whereas 69% did not. We found that the achievement of physical activity practice levels is significantly associated with the quality of life of the older adults (β = 0.024–0.031, all p < .05). Our results could be used for advocating for welfare policy changes that promote physical activity to prepare for the upcoming super-aging society.
Incidence and mortality of uveal melanoma in Australia (1982–2014)
Authors: Beasley Aaron B , Preen David B , McLenachan Samuel , Gray Elin S , Chen Fred K 
Published: December 2021

AimsWe aimed to estimate the incidence and mortality of uveal melanoma (UM) in Australia from 1982 to 2014.MethodsDeidentified unit data for all cases of ocular melanoma were extracted from the Australian Cancer Database from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2014. UM cases were extracted and trends in incidence and disease-specific mortality were calculated. Incidence rates were age-standardised against the 2001 Australian Standard Population. Mortality was assessed using Cox regression.ResultsFrom 1982 to 2014, there were 5087 cases of ocular melanoma in Australia, of which 4617 were classified as UM. The average age-standardised incidence rate of UM was 7.6 (95% CI 7.3 to 7.9) per million. There was an increase (p=0.0502) in the incidence of UM from 1982 to 1993 with an annual percent change (APC) of +2.5%, followed by a significant decrease in the incidence of UM from 1993 to 2014 (APC −1.2%). The average 5-year survival from 1982 to 2011 did not significantly change from an average of 81%, with an average APC (AAPC) of +0.1%. A multivariate Cox regression revealed that residence in Western Australia (p=0.001) or Tasmania (p=0.05), age ≥60 years (p<0.001) and histological classification as mixed (p<0.001) or epithelioid cells (p<0.001) were significantly associated with reduced survival.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found that the incidence of UM peaked in the 1990s. Although treatment for primary UM has improved in the last 30 years, overall survival did not change significantly in the last 30 years.