bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining drinking water metal contaminant mixture risk by coupling zebrafish behavioral analysis with citizen science
Authors: Babich Remy , Craig Emily , Muscat Abigail , Disney Jane , Farrell Anna , Silka Linda , Jayasundara Nishad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContaminated drinking water is an important public health consideration in New England where well water is often found to contain arsenic and other metals such as cadmium, lead, and uranium. Chronic or high level exposure to these metals have been associated with multiple acute and chronic diseases, including cancers and impaired neurological development. While individual metal levels are often regulated, adverse health effects of metal mixtures, especially at concentrations considered safe for human consumption remain unclear. Here, we utilized a multivariate analysis that examined behavioral outcomes in the zebrafish model as a function of multiple metal chemical constituents of 92 drinking well water samples, collected in Maine and New Hampshire. To collect these samples, a citizen science approach was used, that engaged local teachers, students, and scientific partners. Our analysis of 4016 metal-mixture combinations shows that changes in zebrafish behavior are highly mixture dependent, and indicate that certain combinations of metals, especially those containing arsenic, cadmium, lead, and uranium, even at levels considered safe in drinking water, are significant drivers of behavioral toxicity. Our data emphasize the need to consider low-level chemical mixture effects and provide a framework for a more in-depth analysis of drinking water samples. We also provide evidence for the efficacy of utilizing citizen science in research, as the broader impact of this work is to empower local communities to advocate for improving their own water quality.
Topological isoconductance signatures in Majorana nanowires
Authors: Ricco L. S. , Sanches J. E. , Marques Y. , de Souza M. , Figueira M. S. , Shelykh I. A. , Seridonio A. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider transport properties of a hybrid device composed by a quantum dot placed between normal and superconducting reservoirs, and coupled to a Majorana nanowire: a topological superconducting segment hosting Majorana bound states (MBSs) at the opposite ends. It is demonstrated that if highly nonlocal and nonoverlapping MBSs are formed in the system, the zero-bias Andreev conductance through the dot exhibits characteristic isoconductance profiles with the shape depending on the spin asymmetry of the coupling between the dot and the topological superconductor. Otherwise, for overlapping MBSs with less degree of nonlocality, the conductance is insensitive to the spin polarization and the isoconductance signatures disappear. This allows to propose an alternative experimental protocol for probing the nonlocality of the MBSs in Majorana nanowires.
Enhancing recovery of bioactive compounds from Cosmos caudatus leaves via ultrasonic extraction
Authors: Latiff Norliza Abdul , Ong Pei Ying , Abd Rashid Siti Nor Azlina , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Mohd Amin Nor Amaiza , Fauzi Noor Akhmazillah Mohd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCosmos caudatus (C. caudatus) is a medicinal plant that is high in bioactive compounds such as phenolics. In this study, an ultrasound extraction method was used to optimise the extraction of bioactive compounds from C. caudatus leaves. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to obtain the optimum extraction parameters which is solid–liquid ratio (10–30 g/mL), particle size (180–850 µm) and extraction time (20–30 min) for maximal quercitrin and total phenolic content (TPC) yields. Analysis of antimicrobial activity was performed against two human pathogenic microbes: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by the agar well diffusion method. The optimal ultrasonic extraction condition was as follow: solvent-liquid ratio of 1:28 (g/mL), particle size of 485 µm, and duration of 30 min, respectively. Remarkably, extraction using ultrasonic method had recovered more bioactive content and antioxidant activity than the Soxhlet method. The extract also exhibited good antimicrobial activities. Due to the above findings, the ultrasonic extraction was found to be suitable to improve recovery extraction of quercitrin and TPC from C. caudatus leaves. It also opens the possibility that the plant extract can be used for functional food and antimicrobial agents in various applications.
Analysis of Acanthamoeba genotypes from public freshwater sources in Thailand reveals a new genotype, T23 Acanthamoeba bangkokensis sp. nov.
Authors: Putaporntip Chaturong , Kuamsab Napaporn , Nuprasert Warisa , Rojrung Rattanaporn , Pattanawong Urassaya , Tia Taweesak , Yanmanee Surasuk , Jongwutiwes Somchai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA survey of Acanthamoeba in 100 public freshwater sources in 28 provinces across Thailand has identified 9 genotypes comprising T2/6, T3-T5, T9, T11, T12, T18 and a novel ‘T23’ among 131 isolates. Sequencing of the near complete 18S rRNA gene of Acanthamoeba of all isolates has shown that the most predominant genotype T4 found in 87 isolates (66.4%) contained 4 subtypes, i.e. T4A, T4B, T4C and T4F, while all isolates assigned to genotype T2/6 belonged to subtype B. Among intron-bearing genotypes, most isolates harbouring genotype T3 contained S516 introns, characterised by 3 distinct variants whilst all genotypes T4A and T5 were intronless. Identical 18S rRNA sequences of Acanthamoeba were identified across regions of the country and four isolates in this study shared the same sequences with those from remote nations, suggesting that some strains have reproductive success in diverse ecological niche. Nucleotide diversity of genotypes T2/6B, T3, T4, T9 and T11 in this study was significantly less than that among global isolates outside Thailand, implying that limited sequence diversity occurred within local populations. A remarkably higher level of nucleotide diversity in genotype T11 than those of other genotypes (0.041 vs. 0.012–0.024) could be due to cryptic subtypes. Recombination breakpoints have been detected within genotypes and subtypes as well as within isolates despite no evidence for sexual and parasexual cycles in the genus Acanthamoeba. Tajima’s D, Fu & Li’s D* and F* statistics revealed significantly negative deviation from neutrality across genotypes and subtypes, implying purifying selection in this locus. The 18S rRNA gene of the novel genotype ‘T23’ displayed 7.82% to 28.44% sequence differences in comparison with all known genotypes. Both Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees have placed genotype T23 as sister to the clade comprising genotypes T10, T12 and T14, all of these possess cyst structure belonging to morphological group III. Hence, Acanthamoeba bangkokensis sp. nov. is proposed for this novel genotype. It is likely that more genotypes of Acanthamoeba remain to be discovered while the evolution of the 18S rRNA gene of this pathogenic-free living amoeba seems to be ongoing.
Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits
Authors: Englund Oskar , Börjesson Pål , Mola-Yudego Blas , Berndes Göran , Dimitriou Ioannis , Cederberg Christel , Scarlat Nicolae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin the scope of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in coherence with other EU policies, new incentives are developed for farmers to deploy practices that are beneficial for climate, water, soil, air, and biodiversity. Such practices include establishment of multifunctional biomass production systems, designed to reduce environmental impacts while providing biomass for food, feed, bioenergy, and other biobased products. Here, we model three scenarios of large-scale deployment for two such systems, riparian buffers and windbreaks, across over 81,000 landscapes in Europe, and quantify the corresponding areas, biomass output, and environmental benefits. The results show that these systems can effectively reduce nitrogen emissions to water and soil loss by wind erosion, while simultaneously providing substantial environmental co-benefits, having limited negative effects on current agricultural production. This kind of beneficial land-use change using strategic perennialization is important for meeting environmental objectives while advancing towards a sustainable bioeconomy.
Micro-scale dissolution seams mobilise carbon in deep-sea limestones
Authors: Schrank Christoph E. , Jones Michael M. W. , Kewish Cameron M. , van Riessen Grant A. , Elphick Kathryn E. , Sloss Craig R. , Nothdurft Luke D. , Webb Gregory E. , Paterson David J. , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMeasuring the amount of carbon captured in deep-sea limestones is fundamental to understanding the long-term carbon cycle because pelagic limestones represent Earth’s largest carbon sink since the mid-Mesozoic. However, their contribution to the long-term carbon cycle is poorly quantified. Here, we use X-ray fluorescence and scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy for high-resolution chemical and structural analysis of pelagic limestone from the Paleocene Kaiwhata Formation in New Zealand. We identify densely packed diagenetic micro-dissolution seams that are invisible to light and electron-beam microscopes in most cases. Mass-balance calculations indicate that individual seams remove ~50% of the calcite mud matrix while their bulk-sample carbon loss adds up to ~10%. The liberated carbon is trapped in situ as calcite cement or returned to the ocean during physical compaction or soft-sediment deformation. We suggest micro-dissolution structures may play an important role in the long-term carbon cycle by modulating carbon exchange between the geosphere and hydrosphere.
An HSS‐based robust and lightweight multiple group authentication for ITS towards 5G
Authors: Hsu Chingfang , Harn Lein , Xia Zhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe next generation of network communications (5G) has the particularity of being heterogeneous, which has different abilities with storage, computing and communication. Group communications is more and more popular for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in 5G since various smart devices have been constantly connected to ITS over the past decades. One of the main challenges faced by the group communications for ITS towards 5G is how to make the communications secure among these heterogeneous devices. Membership authentication is used to ensure that all users are legitimate group members in ITS communication systems towards 5G. A new type of authentication, called t‐secure m‐user n‐group authentication scheme ((t, m, n) GAS), has been proposed in 2013. GAS is different from conventional peer‐to‐peer authentications which authenticate users one at a time. GAS can authenticate m users at once. GAS is specially designed for group communications which involve multiple users. Since then, extended research papers on group authentication have been published. A discrete‐logarithm‐based GAS with multiple authentications has been proposed in the original paper. In this paper, based on homomorphic secret sharing (HSS), a novel multiple group authentication is presented, which is more lightweight and robust than the original scheme. The security of the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure without any assumption. More importantly, since polynomial evaluations with a smaller modulus are needed in our proposed scheme, it is more efficient than the original scheme which needs modular exponentiations with a larger modulus, thus this design is more suitable for lightweight multiple group authentication in ITS towards 5G.
Identifying changing jets through their radio variability
Authors: Liodakis I. , Hovatta T. , Aller M. F. , Aller H. D. , Gurwell M. A. , Lähteenmäki A. , Tornikoski M. 
Published: August 2021

Context.Supermassive black holes can launch highly relativistic jets with velocities reaching Lorentz factors of as high as Γ >  50. How the jets accelerate to such high velocities and where along the jet they reach terminal velocity are open questions that are tightly linked to their structure as well as their launching and dissipation mechanisms.Aims.Changes in the beaming factor along the jets could potentially reveal jet acceleration, deceleration, or bending. We aim to (1) quantify the relativistic effects in multiple radio frequencies and (2) study possible jet velocity–viewing angle variations at parsec scales.Methods.We used the state-of-the-art codeMagnetronto model light curves from the University of Michigan Radio Observatory and the Metsähovi Radio Observatory’s monitoring programs in five frequencies covering about 25 years of observations in the 4.8 to 37 GHz range for 61 sources. We supplement our data set with high-frequency radio observations in the 100–340 GHz range from ALMA, CARMA, and SMA. For each frequency we estimate the Doppler factor which we use to quantify possible changes in the relativistic effects along the jets.Results.The majority of our sources do not show any statistically significant difference in their Doppler factor across frequencies. This is consistent with constant velocity in a conical jet structure, as expected at parsec scales. However, our analysis reveals 17 sources where relativistic beaming changes as a function of frequency. In the majority of cases, the Doppler factor increases towards lower frequencies. Only 1253–053 shows the opposite behavior. By exploring their jet properties we find that the jet of 0420–014 is likely bent across the 4.8–340 GHz range. For 0212+735, the jet is likely parabolic, and still accelerating in the 4.8–37 GHz range. We discuss possible interpretations for the trends found in the remaining sources.
Microleakage of Direct Restorations-Comparisonbetween Bulk-Fill and Traditional Composite Resins:Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zotti Francesca , Falavigna Edoardo , Capocasale Giorgia , De Santis Daniele , Albanese Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the bulk-fill composites were produced, there was a progressive diffusion of their use for direct conservative treatment in posterior teeth. Their chemical structure increases the depth of cure and decreases the polymerization contraction; in this manner, bulk-fill composites can be placed in 4 mm single layers and the treatment times are considerably reduced. However, aesthetic and mechanical properties and impact on microleakage of bulk-fill resins are still unclear.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the risk of microleakage of direct posterior restorations made of bulk-fill versus conventional composite resins.Researches were performed on PubMed and Scopus databases. Eligible in vivo studies, published since 2006, were reviewed. Outcomes of marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, and recurrent caries were considered to conduct the systematic review and meta-analysis. Secondary data were examined to implement additional analysis and assess the risk of bias.Eight randomized clinical trials were analyzed, involving 778 direct restorations. The summary of RCTs led to significant but inconsistent results; the marginal discoloration and recurrent caries were found to be improved respectively by 5.1 and 1.4%, whereas the marginal adaptation was reduced of 6.5%. Secondary analyses revealed that follow-up periods, the adhesive system used and the class of carious lesions evaluated are confounding factors, and they result in a risk of bias across studies.Bulk-fill composites are innovative materials for conservative dentistry and they can be used to reduce treatment steps and duration of operative times. There are insufficient data to explore the relationship between bulk-fill composites and microleakage and further investigations are needed.
Hand and Wrist Neuropathies: High-resolution Ultrasonography and MR Neurography
Authors: Chhabra Avneesh , Ratakonda Raghu , Zaottini Federico , Picasso Riccardo , Martinoli Carlo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh-resolution ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) have followed parallel paths for peripheral nerve imaging with little comparison of the two modalities. They seem equally effective to study a variety of neuropathies affecting large and small nerves in the wrist and hand. This article outlines the technical considerations of US and MRN and discusses normal and abnormal imaging appearances of hand and wrist nerves from etiologies such as entrapment, injury, tumor, and proximal and diffuse neuropathy, with specific case illustrations.
Taxonomy of Pathogen Codetection in Pediatric Case Fatalities with Adenoviral Respiratory Infection
Authors: Ninmer Emily K. , Stewart Claire , Sharron Matthew P. , Ashworth Julia Noether , Martinez-Schlurman Natalia , Kavanagh Robert P. , Signoff Jessica K. , McCrory Michael C. , Eidman Daniel B. , Subbaswamy Anjali V. , Shea Paul L. , Sheram Mary Lynn , Watson Christopher M. , Spaeder Michael C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and taxonomy of pathogen codetection in pediatric case fatalities associated with adenoviral respiratory infection.
Methods This retrospective case series included 107 pediatric case fatalities associated with adenoviral respiratory infection.
Results We observed a high rate of pathogen codetection with broad diversity from both respiratory and nonrespiratory sources. We noted differences in codetection characteristics based on immune status; most notably that immunocompromised cases were more likely to have bacteremia and adenoviremia.
Conclusions In pediatric case fatalities associated with adenoviral respiratory infection, we observed a high degree of pathogen codetection.
Systematic Review on White Spot Lesions Treatments
Authors: Puleio Francesco , Fiorillo Luca , Gorassini Francesca , Iandolo Alfredo , Meto Aida , D’Amico Cesare , Cervino Gabriele , Pinizzotto Mirta , Bruno Giancarlo , Portelli Marco , Amato Alessandra , Lo Giudice Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe difference in refractive index between the healthy enamel and the demineralized area generates a lesion with a milky white opaque appearance, clearly distinguishable from the surrounding healthy enamel. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if the infiltration technique is the most efficient treatment to resolve a white spot lesion when compared with remineralization and microabrasion techniques. The Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome question investigated: “in enamel WS lesion, the infiltration treatment compared to remineralization or microabrasion treatments is more or less effective in the camouflage effect?.” The research was performed on electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and web of science. The search was conducted up to April 1, 2020. The scientific search engines produced 324 results. Only 14 were screened after screening. Based on the articles analyzed in this systematic review, the resin infiltration technique seems to be the most effective and predictable treatment for the aesthetic resolution of WSLs.
Disruption in Circadian Rhythm Increases Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Shift Working Nurses
Authors: Fatima Ghizal , Jha Ashish , Khan Mohsin Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background Shift work is associated with behavioral, psychosocial, and physiological consequences in the body that may cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, in this study we tried to demonstrate the disruption in circadian rhythm of blood pressure by ambulatory blood pressure monitor in shift working nurses.

Methods A total of 50 nurses, 25 night shift working nurses (NSWN), and 25 day shift working nurses (DSWN) underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for a period of 24 hours. Along with measurements of inflammatory markers (hs-CRP and IL-6) the risk factors for cardiovascular disease between NSWN and DSWN and their possible relationship with disrupted circadian rhythm were measured by circadian rhythm questionnaire.

Results The mean systolic and diastolic pressure for a period of 24 hours and mean diastolic blood pressure analysis throughout the sleep time was found greater in the NSWN than the DSWN (118 mm Hg vs. 112 mm Hg, p < 0.05: 72 mm Hg vs. 68 mm Hg, p < 0.05: 62 mm Hg vs. 59 mm Hg, p < 0.05). High mean blood pressure readings were found to be more frequent in the NSWN (p < 0.05) than in DSWN. No significant differences were found in IL-6 and hs-CRP levels. However, a significant difference in circadian rhythm abnormality was found in NSWN than in DSWN.

Conclusion The 7 day/24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in NSWN showed a reduced circadian rhythm variation in blood pressure along with abnormality in circadian rhythm itself as compared with DSWN. Work schedules and the consequent rest–activity schedules affect circadian rhythms, with likely long-term impact on health. Therefore, working in critical care unit during night hours leads to abnormal blood pressure in NSWN, suggesting that this type of work, in which sleep is disturbed, leading to mental stress, could be a direct risk factor in cardiovascular diseases.
Influence of Sociodemographic Factors and Behavioral Habits on Periodontal Disease Status
Authors: Mavi Sunny , Arora Sachitananad , Chinna Shivjot , Baiju C. S. , Marya C. M. , Chatterjee Anirban , Reju Renu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to asses the influence of sociodemographic factors and behavioral habits on the periodontal disease status of the population in a selected region.
Methodology Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Various sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, and socioeconomic status and behavioral habits, such as tobacco usage and oral hygiene practices, were factored into the questionnaire. Factors determining the socioeconomic status were education, work profile, and salary. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21, IBM Corp, 2015 Virginia, United States).
Results The total prevalence of periodontal disease was 94.6%, out of which 90% had gingivitis and 4.6% had periodontitis. Only 5.4% of the population was healthy. In the present study, sociodemographic factors such as socioeconomic status, age, and gender were found to have a positive correlation with the periodontal disease status.
Conclusion Since the treatment of periodontal disease is not simple and is expensive, it needs early intervention for its prevention.