bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient Textile Deterioration and Restoration: Bio-Cleaning of an Egyptian Shroud Held in the Torino Museum
Authors: Mazzoli Roberto , Pessione Enrica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAncient textiles are fragile and several factors can affect their integrity. In the present chapter, the main agents of deterioration of old and new textiles, namely physical-chemical (light, oxygen, heat, and humidity) and biological factors as well as human erroneous interventions will be explored. As far as the biological deterioration is considered, the effects of microbial growth, primary and secondary metabolites (acids, solvents, surfactants, pigments) and enzymes (lipases, proteases, and glycosidases) on textile strength and cleanliness will be described in details. The main fungal and bacterial species involved in the damage (textile discoloration, black and green spots, cuts) will be reported. Adhesive application during restoration procedures is discussed to highlight the risk of glue thickening giving rise to dull precipitates on the fabric.The main strategies for oil-stain and glue removal (both animal glue, such as fish collagen, and vegetal glue, i.e. starch) will be described in the paragraph devoted to biorestoration. Finally, a case study concerning an ancient Coptic tunic housed in the Egyptian Museum of Torino, Italy, and biocleaned by means of gellan-immobilized alpha-amylase from Bacillus sp. will be largely discussed by reporting historical data, adhesive characterization, methods for artificial aging of simulated sample and glue removal from the artwork.
Environmental Risk Management Applications of ERA Acute
Authors: Stephansen Cathrine , Bjørgesæter Anders , Brude Odd Willy , Brönner Ute , Rogstad Tonje Waterloo , Kjeilen-Eilertsen Grethe , Libre Jean-Marie , Collin-Hansen Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractERA Acute supports a variety of analyses, from simple screening studies based on oil spill statistics and potential impact areas to more in-depth impact and recovery calculations on species and habitats. The ERA Acute software tool has been built to enable and provide ease of use of the methodology and results. Visualizations of impact and risk areas can be made at several levels, from simulations and scenarios to whole cases. Results can have a monthly resolution to show variations throughout the year. This enables a wide range of decision-support from risk screening studies, impact assessments, risk quantification, risk management including effect of mitigating measures (NEBA/SIMA) evaluations to properly inform oil spill response planning. The methodology is suitable for global use and will be the recommended approach for oil spill risk assessments for offshore operators on the NCS.
Testing and Validating Against Historic Spills
Authors: Stephansen Cathrine , Bjørgesæter Anders , Brude Odd Willy , Brönner Ute , Rogstad Tonje Waterloo , Kjeilen-Eilertsen Grethe , Libre Jean-Marie , Collin-Hansen Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo validate the predictive capability of ERA Acute, a study was carried out using data from two well-studied historic oil spills, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS) incidents. Results from the case studies with ERA Acute were compared to the impact estimates and recovery observations that have been reported in the extensive research following the two incidents. Resource data relevant for each of the two incidents were reconstructed within the analysis area. Performance boundaries were set up for evaluating the ERA Acute results, based on the ranges of the impact and recovery estimates reported in the post-spill assessments. Validation of an oil spill ERA model against post-spill assessments of historic spills is a challenging exercise due to scientific limitations of both. ERA Acute performed satisfactorily compared to the performance boundaries and the study gave useful insight into the predictive capabilities of ERA Acute. The results from the study were used to evaluate between two different impact models and to increase the individual vulnerability of cetaceans.
New clinical data on human spinal cord re-irradiation tolerance
Authors: Doi Hiroshi , Tamari Keisuke , Oh Ryoong-Jin , Nieder Carsten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To provide additional clinical data about the re-irradiation tolerance of the spinal cord.

Methods
This was a retrospective bi-institutional study of patients re-irradiated to the cervical or thoracic spinal cord with minimum follow-up of 6 months. The maximum dose (Dmax) and dose to 0.1cc (D0.1cc) were determined (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]-defined cord) and expressed as equivalent dose in 2‑Gy fractions (EQD2) with an α/β value of 2 Gy.

Results
All 32 patients remained free from radiation myelopathy after a median follow-up of 12 months. Re-irradiation was performed after 6–97 months (median 15). In 22 cases (69%) the re-irradiation spinal cord EQD2 Dmax was higher than that of the first treatment course. Forty-eight of 64 treatment courses employed fraction sizes of 2.5 to 4 Gy to the target volume. The median cumulative spinal cord EQD2 Dmax was 80.7 Gy, minimum 61.12 Gy, maximum 114.79 Gy. The median cumulative spinal cord D0.1cc EQD2 was 76.1 Gy, minimum 61.12 Gy, maximum 95.62 Gy. Besides cumulative dose, other risk factors for myelopathy were present (single-course Dmax EQD2 ≥51 Gy in 9 patients, single-course D0.1cc EQD2 ≥51 Gy in 5 patients).

Conclusion
Even patients treated to higher cumulative doses than previously recommended, or at a considerable risk of myelopathy according to a published risk score, remained free from this complication, although one must acknowledge the potential for manifestation of damage in patients currently alive, i.e., still at risk. Individualized decisions to re-irradiate after appropriate informed consent are an acceptable strategy, including scenarios where low re-irradiation doses to the spinal cord would compromise target coverage and tumor control probability to an unacceptable degree.
GR(1)*: GR(1) specifications extended withexistential guarantees
Authors: Amram Gal , Maoz Shahar , Pistiner Or 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reactive synthesis is an automated procedure to obtain a
correct-by-construction reactive system from its temporal logic
specification. GR(1) is an expressive assume-guarantee fragment of
LTL that enables efficient synthesis and has been recently used in
different contexts and application domains. A common form of
providing system's requirements is through use cases, which are
existential in nature. However, GR(1), as a fragment of LTL, is
limited to universal properties. In this paper we introduce GR(1)*,
which extends GR(1) with existential guarantees. We show that GR(1)*
is strictly more expressive than GR(1) as it enables the expression
of guarantees that are inexpressible in LTL. We solve the
realizability problem for GR(1)* and present a symbolic strategy
construction algorithm for GR(1)* specifications. Importantly, in
comparison to GR(1), GR(1)* remains efficient: the time complexity
of our realizability checking and synthesis procedures for GR(1)* is
identical to the time complexity of the known corresponding
procedures for GR(1).
The ischiofemoral space of the hip is influenced by the frontal knee alignment
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S. , Kerber Vincent , Konrads Christian , Ateschrang Atesch , Hirschmann Michael T. , Stöckle Ulrich , Ahrend Marc D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The ischiofemoral distance (IFD), defined as the distance between the ischial tuberosity and the lesser trochanter of the femur, is gaining recognition as an extra-articular cause of hip pain. It is unknown whether the IFD is influenced by the frontal knee alignment. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of realignment surgery around the knee on the IFD. It was hypothesized that valgisation osteotomy around the knee is associated with reduction of the IFD.

Methods
A consecutive series of 154 patients undergoing frontal realignment procedures around the knee in 2017 were included in this study. Long-leg standing radiographs were obtained before surgery and postoperatively. The IFD was measured between the ischium and the lesser trochanter at three different levels (proximal, middle and distal margins of the lesser trochanter parallel to the horizontal orientation of the pelvis) on standardized long-leg radiographs with the patient in upright standing position. The knee alignment was determined by measuring the hip knee ankle angle, mechanical lateral distal femur angle and the medial mechanical proximal tibia angle. Linear regression was performed to determine the influence of the change of frontal knee alignment on the IFD.

Results
Linear regression showed a direct influence of the overall change in frontal knee alignment on the IFD of the hip, regardless of the site of the osteotomy (β-0.4, confidence-interval − 0.5 to − 0.3, p < 0.001). Valgisation osteotomy around the knee induced a significant reduction of the ipsilateral IFD (p < 0.001), while varisation osteotomy induced a significant increase (p < 0.001). The amount of ISD change was 0.4 mm per corresponding degree of change in frontal knee alignment.

Conclusion
These findings are relevant to both the hip and knee surgeons when planning an osteotomy or arthroplasty procedure. Correction of a malalignment of the knee may resolve an ischiofemoral conflict in the hip. The concept deserves inclusion in the diagnostic workup of both the hip and knee joints.

Level of evidence
IV.
Forensische DNA-Methylierungsanalyse
Authors: Naue Jana , Pfeifer Manuel , Augustin Christa , Becker Julia , Fleckhaus Jan , Grabmüller Melanie , Han Yang , Heidorn Frank , Hollaender Olivia , Klein-Unseld Rachel , Kulstein Galina , Lichtenwald Julia , Neubauer Jacqueline , Suarez Philippe , Haas Cordula , Schneider Peter M. , Vennemann Marielle , Böhme Petra ,   Arbeitsgemeinschaft Molekulare Altersschätzung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin (DGRM), Augustin Christa , Becker Julia , Böhme Petra , Fleckhaus Jan , Grabmüller Melanie , Haas Cordula , Heidorn Frank , Kulstein Galina , Naue Jana , Neubauer Jacqueline , Pfeifer Manuel , Schneider Peter M. , Vennemann Marielle 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Entdeckung altersabhängiger epigenetischer Veränderungen, der DNA-Methylierung (DNAm), hat sich eine neue Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, das Alter eines Individuums zu schätzen. Die Methode wurde intensiv erforscht und ihre Anwendung in der forensischen Fallarbeit durch die Aktualisierung des § 81e der Strafprozessordnung (StPO) in Deutschland reguliert. Zur Untersuchung des DNAm-Grades müssen neue Techniken etabliert und validiert werden. Dies macht die Prüfung der Vergleichbarkeit von Messergebnissen aus verschiedenen forensischen Laboren erforderlich.Hierzu führte die Arbeitsgruppe „Molekulare Altersschätzung“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin (DGRM) im Winter 2019/2020 den 2. Ringversuch (RV) zur quantitativen DNAm-Analyse mithilfe der Mini- und der Pyrosequenzierung durch. Dieser basierte auf den Erfahrungen des 1. RV 2018/2019, dessen Ergebnisse in dieser Ausgabe ebenfalls vorgestellt werden. Die aktuelle Studie umfasst Analyseergebnisse aus 12 Laboren (ingesamt 14 teilnehmende Labore), von denen einige beide Methoden angewandt haben. Zusätzlich führten 4 Labore eine Altersschätzung an den RV-Proben mit eigenen Markerkombinationen und Modellen durch. Da diese auf unterschiedlichen Referenzdaten und Markerkombinationen beruhen, erfolgte kein qualitativer Vergleich der Modelle, sondern das grundsätzliche Potenzial der Methodik wurde verdeutlicht. Ziele des RV waren die Evaluierung der Vergleichbarkeit der DNAm-Messungen und die Bewertung möglicher Einflussfaktoren, wie Extraktionsmethode und verwendetes Gerät.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die gemessenen DNAm-Werte der untersuchten Marker sowohl zwischen Mini- und Pyrosequenzierung als auch innerhalb der jeweiligen Methode zwischen den Laboren unterscheiden können, sodass mit Schwankungen gerechnet werden muss.
Safety and diagnostic efficacy of gadoteridol for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine in children 2 years of age and younger
Authors: Shah Chetan C. , Spampinato Maria Vittoria , Parmar Hemant A. , Raslan Osama A. , Tomà Paolo , Lin Doris D. M. , Vymazal Josef , Colosimo Cesare , Enterline David S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Neonates and young children require efficacious magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations but are potentially more susceptible to the short- and long-term adverse effects of gadolinium-based contrast agents due to the immaturity of their body functions.

Objective
To evaluate the acute safety and diagnostic efficacy of gadoteridol (ProHance) for contrast-enhanced MRI of the central nervous system (CNS) in children ≤2 years of age.

Materials and methods
One hundred twenty-five children ≤2 years old (including 57 children <6 months old) who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI of the CNS with gadoteridol at 0.1 mmol/kg body weight were retrospectively enrolled at five imaging centers. Safety data were assessed for acute/subacute adverse events in the 48 h following gadoteridol administration and, when available, vital signs, electrocardiogram (ECG) and clinical laboratory values obtained from blood samples taken from 48 h before until 48 h following the MRI exam. The efficacy of gadoteridol-enhanced MRI compared to unenhanced MRI for disease diagnosis was evaluated prospectively by three blinded, unaffiliated readers.

Results
Thirteen changes of laboratory values (11 mild, 1 moderate, 1 unspecified) were reported as adverse events in 7 (5.6%) patients. A relationship to gadoteridol was deemed possible though doubtful for two of these adverse events in two patients (1.6%). There were no clinical adverse events, no serious adverse events and no clinically meaningful changes in vital signs or ECG recordings. Accurate differentiation of tumor from non-neoplastic disease, and exact matching of specific MRI-determined diagnoses with on-site final diagnoses, was achieved in significantly more patients by each reader following the evaluation of combined pre- and post-contrast images compared to pre-contrast images alone (84.6–88.0% vs. 70.9–76.9%; P≤0.006 and 67.5–79.5% vs. 47.0–66.7%; P≤0.011, respectively).

Conclusion
Gadoteridol at 0.1 mmol/kg body weight is safe, well tolerated and effective for contrast-enhanced MRI of the CNS in children ≤2 years of age.
Airport capacity extension, fleet investment, and optimal aircraft scheduling in a multilevel market model: quantifying the costs of imperfect markets
Authors: Coniglio Stefano , Sirvent Mathias , Weibelzahl Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a market model of a liberalized aviation market with independent decision makers. The model consists of a hierarchical, trilevel optimization problem where perfectly competitive budget-constrained airports decide (in the first level) on optimal runway capacity extensions and airport charges by anticipating long-term fleet investment and medium-term aircraft scheduling decisions taken by a set of imperfectly competitive airlines (in the second level). Both airports and airlines anticipate the short-term outcome of a perfectly competitive ticket market (in the third level). We compare our trilevel model to an integrated single-level (benchmark) model in which investments, scheduling, and market-clearing decisions are simultaneously taken by a welfare-maximizing social planner. Using a simple six airports example from the literature, we illustrate the inefficiency of long-run investments in both runway capacity and aircraft fleet which may be observed in aviation markets with imperfectly competitive airlines.
Histomorphological patterns of regional lymph nodes in COVID-19 lungs
Authors: Haslbauer Jasmin D. , Matter Matthias S. , Stalder Anna K. , Tzankov Alexandar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A dysregulated immune response is considered one of the major factors leading to severe COVID-19. Previously described mechanisms include the development of a cytokine storm, missing immunoglobulin class switch, antibody-mediated enhancement, and aberrant antigen presentation.

Objectives
To understand the heterogeneity of immune response in COVID-19, a thorough investigation of histomorphological patterns in regional lymph nodes was performed.

Materials and methods
Lymph nodes from the cervical, mediastinal, and hilar regions were extracted from autopsies of patients with lethal COVID-19 (n = 20). Histomorphological characteristics, SARS-CoV‑2 qRT-PCR, and gene expression profiling on common genes involved in immunologic response were analyzed.

Results
Lymph nodes displayed moderate to severe capillary stasis and edema, an increased presence of extrafollicular plasmablasts, mild to moderate plasmacytosis, a dominant population of CD8+ T‑cells, and CD11c/CD68+ histiocytosis with hemophagocytic activity. Out of 20 cases, 18 presented with hypoplastic or missing germinal centers with a decrease of follicular dendritic cells and follicular T‑helper cells. A positive viral load was detected by qRT-PCR in 14 of 20 cases, yet immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 N-antigen revealed positivity in sinus histiocytes of only one case. Gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of STAT1, CD163, granzyme B, CD8A, MZB1, and PAK1, as well as CXCL9.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings imply a dysregulated immune response in lethal COVID-19. The absence/hypoplasia of germinal centers and increased presence of plasmablasts implies a transient B‑cell response, implying an impaired development of long-term immunity against SARS-CoV‑2 in such occasions.
Prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to intensive care units: a prospective observational study
Authors: Najim Mostafa , Rahhal Alaa , Khir Fadi , Aljundi Amer Hussien , Abu Yousef Safae , Ibrahim Feryal , Amer Aliaa , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Saleh Samira , Alfaridi Dekra , Mahfouz Ahmed , Alyafei Sumaya , Howady Faraj , Khatib Mohamad , Alemadi Samar A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of coagulopathy. Although the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) has been proposed as a possible mechanism of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy, its clinical significance remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of aPLs among critically ill patients with COVID-19. This prospective observational study included 60 patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICU). The study outcomes included prevalence of aPLs, and a primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality and arterial or venous thrombosis between antiphospholipid-positive and antiphospholipid-negative patients during their ICU stay. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the influence of aPLs on the primary composite outcome of mortality and thrombosis. A total of 60 critically ill patients were enrolled. Among them, 57 (95%) were men, with a mean age of 52.8 ± 12.2 years, and the majority were from Asia (68%). Twenty-two patients (37%) were found be antiphospholipid-positive; 21 of them were positive for lupus anticoagulant, whereas one patient was positive for anti-β2-glycoprotein IgG/IgM. The composite outcome of mortality and thrombosis during their ICU stay did not differ between antiphospholipid-positive and antiphospholipid-negative patients (4 [18%] vs. 6 [16%], adjusted odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.1–6.7; p value = 0.986). The presence of aPLs does not seem to affect the outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in terms of all-cause mortality and thrombosis. Therefore, clinicians may not screen critically ill patients with COVID-19 for aPLs unless deemed clinically appropriate.
Does posture explain the kinematic differences in a grounded running gait between male and female Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) moving on snow?
Authors: Marmol-Guijarro Andres , Nudds Robert , Folkow Lars , Lees John , Codd Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe majority of locomotor research is conducted on treadmills and few studies attempt to understand the differences between this and animals moving in the wild. For example, animals may adjust their gait kinematics or limb posture, to a more compliant limb, to increase stability of locomotion to prevent limb failure or falling on different substrates. Here, using video recordings, we compared locomotor parameters (speed range, stride length, stride frequency, stance duration, swing duration and duty factor) of female Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) moving in the wild over snow to previous treadmill-based research. We also compared the absolute and body size (body mass and limb length)-corrected values of kinematic parameters to published data from males to look for any sex differences across walking and grounded running gaits. Our findings indicate that the kinematics of locomotion are largely conserved between the field and laboratory in that none of the female gaits were drastically affected by moving over snow, except for a prolonged swing phase at very slow walking speeds, likely due to toe dragging. Comparisons between the sexes indicate that the differences observed during a walking gait are likely due to body size. However, sexual dimorphism in body size could not explain the disparate grounded running kinematics of the female and male ptarmigan, which might be linked to a more crouched posture in females. Our findings provide insight into how males and females moving in situ may use different strategies to alleviate the effects of a variable substrate.