bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZmMATE6&nbsp;From Maize Encodes a Citrate Transporter That Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Du Hanmei , Ryan Peter , Liu Chan , Li Hongjie , Hu Wanpeng , Yan Weina , Huang Ying , He Wenzhu , Luo Bowen , Zhang Xiao , Gao Shibin , Zhou Shufeng , Zhang Suzhi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The yields of cereal crops grown on acidic soils are often reduced by aluminum (Al) toxicity because the prevalence of toxic Al3+cations increases as pH falls below 5.0. The Al-activated release from the roots of simple organic acids such as malate and citrate confers resistance to Al in a many plant species including maize (Zea mays L.). The Al-dependent release of citrate from resistant lines of maize is controlled by ZmMATE1 which encodes a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter protein. ZmMATE1 resides on chromosome 6 and its expression in roots is induced up to four-fold by Al treatment. ZmMATE6 is another member of this family in maize whose expression is also increased by Al treatment. We investigated the function of this gene in more detail to determine whether it also contributes to Al resistance. Results: Quantitative RT-PCR measurements found that in the absence of Al ZmMATE6 was expressed in the roots and leaves of Al-resistant and sensitive in-bred lines, and that expression levels in the root tips were lower than in the rest of the root tissue. Treatment with Al induced ZmMATE6 expression in all tissues but several other divalent or trivalent cations tested had no effect on expression. This expression pattern and the induction by Al treatment was confirmed in Arabidopsis lines transformed with β-glucuronidase where the ZmMATE6 promoter was used to drive expression. While subcellular localization of the ZmMATE6 protein could not be determined with confidence transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing ZmMATE6 displayed a greater Al-activated release of citrate from the roots and were significantly more resistant to Al toxicity than controls. This was associated with reduced accumulation of Al in the root tissues. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ZmMATE6 expression is induced by Al and functions as a citrate transporter. While some findings are consistent with ZmMATE6 contributing to Al resistance in maize, further research is required to confirm this result.
Identification and Validation of Tumour Microenvironment-Based Immune Related Signature for Hepatocellular Carcioma: Immunotherapeutic Implications
Authors: Yu Hong , Wang Shao , Zhou Tao , Sun Jia , Qi Tian , Cheng Xian , Li De , Chen Jun , Zheng Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Even though treatment outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients have significantly improved, prognostic clinical evaluation remains a substantial challenge due to the heterogeneity and complexity of cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the tumor immune microenvironment is critical for progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. A powerful predictive model could assist physicians to better monitor patient treatment outcomes and improve overall survival rates. Therefore, we introduced tumor immune-related genes into a model that could be used for patient risk classification. Results: First, the Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and Weighted gene co-expression networks construction (WGCNA) methods were applied to identify highly associated immunity genes. Following this, a multi-immune-related gene-based signature determined by The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was used to determine risk stratification. In addition, this predictive model was evaluated according to its performance as a prognostic model in the training and testing datasets. Furthermore, tumor mutation burden and biological enrichment analysis were applied to reveal the potential mechanisms through which the gene signature functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, our four-gene signature model may be clinically applied in hepatocellular carcinoma patients at high risk of mortality for personalized therapy.
Metabolite discovery through global annotation of untargeted metabolomics data
Authors: Rabinowitz Joshua , Chen Li , Lu Wenyun , Wang Lin , Xing Xi , Teng Xin , Muscarella Antonio , Shen Yihui , Cowan Alexis , McReynolds Melanie , Kennedy Brandon , Lato Ashley , Campagna Shawn , Singh Mona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A primary goal of metabolomics is to identify all biologically important metabolites. One powerful approach is liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS), yet most LC-MS peaks remain unidentified. Here, we present a global network optimization approach, NetID, to annotate untargeted LC-MS metabolomics data. We consider all experimentally observed ion peaks together, and assign annotations to all of them simultaneously so as to maximize a score that considers properties of peaks (known masses, retention times, MS/MS fragmentation patterns) as well network constraints that arise based on mass difference between peaks. Global optimization results in accurate peak assignment and trackable peak-peak relationships. Applying this approach to yeast and mouse data, we identify a half-dozen novel metabolites, including thiamine and taurine derivatives. Isotope tracer studies indicate active flux through these metabolites. Thus, NetID applies existing metabolomic knowledge and global optimization to annotate untargeted metabolomics data, revealing novel metabolites.
How does salinity shape ocean circulation and ice geometry on Enceladus and other icy satellites?
Authors: Kang Wanying , Mittal Tushar , Bire Suyash , Michel Jean , Marshall John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Of profound astrobiological interest is that not only does Enceladus have a water ocean, but it also appears to be salty, important for its likely habitability. Here, we investigate how salinity affects ocean dynamics and equilibrium ice shell geometry and use knowledge of ice shell geometry and tidal heating rates to help constrain ocean salinity. We show that the vertical overturning circulation of the ocean, driven from above by melting and freezing and the temperature dependence of the freezing point of water on pressure, has opposing signs at very low and very high salinities. In both cases, heat and freshwater converges toward the equator, where the ice is thick, acting to homogenise thickness variations. In order to maintain observed ice thickness variations, ocean heat transport should not overwhelm tidal heating rates within the ice, which are small in equatorial regions. This can only happen when the ocean’s salinity has intermediate values, order 20 psu. In this case polar-sinking driven by meridional temperature variations is largely canceled by equatorial-sinking circulation driven by salinity variations and a consistent ocean circulation, ice shell geometry and tidal heating rate can be achieved.
Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements
Authors: Bingxiong Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products ， we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.
Reablement in A Small Municipality, A Survival Analysis
Authors: Anthun Kjartan , Lillefjell Monica , Anthun Kirsti 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Reablement is a municipal service given to patients at home. The purpose of the service is to assist recovery after hospital discharges or other sudden changes in a patient’s functional level. The service is often provided by a team of nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. The purpose of this paper is to compare users of this service to users who receive traditional home care services. Outcomes to be measured are risk of long-term care and mortality.Methods: All users of health and care services in a Norwegian municipality were eligible for inclusion. Data was extracted from the local user administrative database. Users were divided in two groups: those who received reablement and those home care users who did not receive reablement service. Propensity score matching was used to match users based on age, sex, and level of functioning in activities of daily living (ADL). Survival analysis was deployed to test if the reablement users had different risk of becoming long-term care users, and whether the mortality rate differed for this group.Results: 153 reablement users were included in the study. These were matched to 153 non-reablement home care users. The groups had similar distributions of age, sex, and level of functioning when starting their service trajectories. Regressions showed that reablement users had lower risk of using long-term care services in the study period (time at risk up to 4 years), and lower mortality. However, none of these estimates were statistically significant.Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the reablement users in one municipality had lower use of long -term care and lower mortality when properly estimated.
Identifying Malignant Lymph Nodes of Prostate Cancer Patients Using A Combination of Pre-Trained Deep Models and Traditional Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Sarkar Suryadipto , Wu Teresa , Harwood Matthew , Silva Alvin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common new cancer diagnosis in the United States. The prostate gland sits beneath the urinary bladder and surrounds the first part of the urethra. Usually, prostate cancer is slow-growing; stays confined to the prostate gland; and can be treated conservatively (active surveillance) or with surgery. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, such as to the lymph nodes, then that suggests the cancer is more aggressive and surgery is not adequate. In those cases, radiation and/or systemic therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy) are required. The challenge is that it is often difficult for radiologists to differentiate malignant lymph nodes from non-malignant ones with current medical imaging technology. In this study, we design a scalable hybrid approach utilizing a deep learning model to extract features into a machine learning classifier to automatically identify malignant lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer.
A 35-fold enhancement in photocurrent generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by outer membrane deprivation
Authors: Kusama Shoko , Kojima Seiji , Kimura Ken , Shimakawa Ginga , Miyake Chikahiro , Tanaka Kenya , Okumura Yasuaki , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Biophotovoltaics (BPV) is an emerging technology developed to utilize reducing equivalents produced by photosynthetic organisms. It generates electrical power by exploiting a phenomenon called extracellular electron transfer (EET), where reducing equivalents are transferred extracellularly to exogenous electron acceptors. Although cyanobacteria have been extensively studied in BPV because of their high photosynthetic activity and ease of handling, their extremely low EET activity remains a limitation. In this study, we achieved a 35-fold enhancement in photocurrent generation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by deprivation of the outer membrane, where electrons are suggested to stem from NADPH; this, along with a significantly higher rate of exogenous ferricyanide reduction, verified that low permeability of the outer membrane contributues to low cyanobacterial EET activity. Moreover, outer membrane deprivation enhanced extracellular derivation of reducing equivalents serving as respiratory substrates for other heterotrophic bacteria, making it promising and useful for effective derivation of reducing equivalents.
Characterization of TGFβ-Associated Molecular Features and Drug Responses in Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Qiaofeng , Liu Furong , Qin Lu , Liao Zhibin , Song Jia , Liang Huifang , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Zhanguo , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma (GIAD) has caused a serious disease burden globally. Targeted therapy for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is becoming a reality. However, the molecular characterization of TGF-β in GIAD requires further exploration.Results: The TGF-β­­high group had a worse prognosis in overall GIAD patients, and had a worse prognosis trend in gastric cancer and colon cancer specifically. Signatures (including mRNA and proteins) of the TGF-β­­high group is highly correlated with EMT. According to miRNA analysis, miR-215-3p, miR-378a-5p, and miR-194-3p may block the effect of TGF-β. Further genomic analysis showed that TGF-β­­low group had more genomic changes in gastric cancer, such as TP53 mutation, EGFR amplification, and SMAD4 deletion. And drug response dataset revealed sensitive drugs or drug resistant drugs corresponding to TGF-β associated mRNAs. Finally, the DNN model showed an excellent predictive effect in predicting TGF-β status in different GIAD datasets.Conclusions: Our study provided a comprehensive analysis of the molecular characteristics associated with TGF-β and provides possible therapeutic targets in GIAD.
WITHDRAWN: Dynamic Compressive Properties of Carbon Nanofibers Reinforced Concrete under Impact Load
Authors: Xia Wei , Xu Jinyu , Nie Liangxue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To explore the dynamic compressive properties of carbon nanofibers reinforced concrete (CNFC), a 100mm-diameter Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to carry out the impact compression test respectively on the plain concrete samples and the CNFC samples with different fiber volume fractions (respectively, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5%). On this basis, the change characteristics of concrete at five different strain rate levels in dynamic compressive strength, dynamic compression deformation, impact toughness and dynamic elastic modulus of concrete were compared and analyzed. The results show that the dynamic compressive strength, dynamic compression deformation and impact toughness of concrete are enhanced by carbon nanofibers to varying degrees. Specifically, when the content of carbon nanofibers is 0.3%, its enhancement effect on dynamic compressive strength is the best; when the content of carbon nanofibers is 0.2%, it helps enhance the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete, but other content can only have the opposite effect. The dynamic compressive strength, impact toughness and dynamic elastic modulus of plain concrete and CNFC gradually increase with the increase of strain rate level, indicating the existence of significant linear relationship; although the dynamic peak strain and ultimate strain increase wholly with the increase of strain rate, there is no obvious linear correlation between them. In addition, the micro test results show that the addition of an appropriate amount of carbon nanofibers help exert the small size effect, strengthen crack resistance and improve the microstructure of the matrix, effectively enhancing the dynamic compressive properties of concrete under impact load.
Practical Iridium-Catalyzed Direct α-arylation of N-heteroarenes with (Hetero)arylboronic Acids by H2O-Mediated H2 Evolution
Authors: Cao Liang , Zhao He , Rongqing Rongqing , Jiang Huanfeng , Dixneuf Pierre , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite the widespread applications of 2-(hetero)aryl N-heteroarenes in numerous fields of science and technology, universal access to such compounds is easily hampered due to the lack of a general method for their synthesis. Herein, by a H2O-mediated H2-evolution cross-coupling strategy, we report a new iridium(III)-catalyzed facile method to direct α-arylation of N-heteroarenes with both aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids, proceeding with broad substrate scope and excellent functional compatibility, oxidant and reductant-free conditions, operational simplicity, easy scalability, and no need for prefunctionalization of N-heteroarenes. This method offers applicability for structural modification of biomedical molecules, but also a practical route for direct access to 2-(hetero)aryl N-heteroarenes, a class of potential cyclometalated C^N ligands and N^N bidentate ligands that are inaccessible or difficult to prepare with the existing α-C-H arylation methods, thus filling an important gap in the capabilities of synthetic organic chemistry.
Resident Education and Wellness: A Strategy for Future Pandemics
Authors: Posey Samuel , Jolissaint Josef , Brandt Aaron , Seymour Rachel , Sims Stephen , Hsu Joseph , Patt Joshua , Scannell Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a novel challenge to modern healthcare systems and medical training. Resource allocation and risk mitigation has dramatically affected resident training with the subsequent cancellation of elective procedures, 14-day isolation recommendations, and social distancing requirements. To combat the unique challenges to resident education and wellness, academic leaders must develop new strategies to maintain a healthy, competent residency program. Methods: Our institution implemented a revolving 3-Team system. While the “Inpatient-Team” delivered direct care to orthopaedic patients, the “Back-up Team” and “Quarantine-Team” managed the telemedicine virtual clinic and education-wellness strategy, respectively. The education strategy included active learning methods on virtual platforms, junior resident-specific sessions, and subspecialty-interest panels. Research teams were built and rapidly deployed virtually for large scale retrospective studies. For the wellness strategy plan, our prior resident “family” organization (peer support group) was supplemented by friendly interdepartmental competitions and virtual faculty social hours. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of our implemented strategies a blinded survey was completed by the residents affected by the pandemic. Results: Our 3-Team system allowed for the delivery of safe, high-quality patient care while optimizing resident education, research, and wellness. One hundred percent of residents felt they had the tools necessary to protect themselves throughout the pandemic and 94% felt that program leadership cared about their wellness and safety. In terms of our education and wellness strategy plan, the efficient use of technology led to both improved virtual education outside of the hospital and intentional wellness opportunities despite social distancing restrictions. Eighty-eight percent of residents felt the program was able to offer valuable educational opportunities despite the pandemic. Overall, 76% of residents did not feel the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted their training or preparedness for their career, however 75% of PGY4’s felt they missed important subspecialty exposure and 50% felt that it negatively impacted their training. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic is unlikely to be the last challenge the medical training community faces. Utilization of virtual platforms for patient care, education, research, and wellness grew out of necessity in this pandemic, yet represents an opportunity for lasting improvement with re-entry.
Clinical outcome and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: A prospective Observational Study
Authors: Abebe Abinet , Kumela Kabaye , Belay Maekel , Kebede Bezie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAcute kidney injury is a major global public health problem occur both in community and hospital settings. It is expensive to manage, prolongs hospitalization and associated with high rates of in-hospital mortality. We aim to evaluate the clinical outcome and predictors of AKI in a single center hospitalized patients.MethodA hospital based prospective observational study was employed. Patients were recruited using consecutive sampling technique after informed consent was secured from all patients. Data was cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi-data software version 4.4.2 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality. Statistical significance was considered at p-value of less than 0.05.ResultA total of 203 patients were enrolled over five months. Out of this, 121(59.6%) were males and 58(28.6%) aged greater than 60. Most common causes of AKI were; Hypovolemia 99(48.77%), Glomerulonephritis 51 (25.11%), Sepsis 32(15.79%). The overall in hospital mortality was 12.8%. Stage3 AKI (AHR = 9.61, 95%CI: 1.17–28.52, p = 0.035), duration of AKI (AHR = 7.04, 95% CI: 1.37–36.08, p = 0.019), length of hospital stay (AHR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.73 p = 0.012) and hyperkalemia (AHR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.12–11.71, p = 0.032) were significantly associated with in hospital mortality.ConclusionAcute kidney injury was associated with a significant five month in hospital mortality. Most of causes of AKI are preventable and patients would have been benefited from early identification and treatment of these reversible causes.
In-silico trial of intracranial flow diverters replicates and expands insights from conventional clinical trials
Authors: Sarrami-Foroushani Ali , Lassila Toni , Macraild Michael , Asquith Joshua , Roes Kit C. B. , Byrne James V. , Frangi Alejandro F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although the cost of clinical trials is ever-increasing, in-silico trials, which rely on virtual populations and interventions simulated using patient-specific models, may offer a solution to contain these costs. However, in-silico trial endpoints need to be compared to those available from conventional clinical trials to ensure that the predictions of safety or efficacy from the in-silico approach are valid. Here, we present the flow diverter performance assessment (FDPASS) in-silico trial, which modelled the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in 82 virtual patients with a flow-diverting stent, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to quantify post-treatment flow reduction in the aneurysm sac. The predicted FD-PASS flow-diversion success rate replicated the values previously reported in three reference clinical trials. The in-silico approach allowed broader investigation of factors associated with insufficient flow reduction and increased stroke risk after flow diversion than would be feasible in a conventional trial. These findings demonstrate for the first time that in-silico trials of medical devices can (i) replicate findings of conventional clinical trials and (ii) incorporate virtual experiments that are impossible in conventional trials.