bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new haematocytometric index: Predicting severity and mortality risk value in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kilercik Meltem , Demirelce Özlem , Serdar Muhittin Abdulkadir , Mikailova Parvana , Serteser Mustafa 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a major public health concern spanning from healthy carriers to patients with life-threatening conditions. Although most of COVID-19 patients have mild-to-moderate clinical symptoms, some patients have severe pneumonia leading to death. Therefore, the early prediction of disease prognosis and severity is crucial in COVID-19 patients. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the haemocytometric parameters and identify severity score associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
Clinical and laboratory records were retrospectively reviewed from 97 cases of COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. The patient groups were subdivided into three major groups: Group 1 (Non-critical): 59 patients, Group 2 (Critical-Survivors): 23 patients and Group 3 (Critical-Non-survivors):15 patients. These data was tested for correlation, including with derived haemocytometric parameters. The blood analyses were performed the Sysmex XN-series automated hematology analyser using standard laboratory protocols. All statistical testing was undertaken using Analyse-it software.

Results
97 patients with COVID-19 disease and 935 sequential complete blood count (CBC-Diff) measurements (days 0–30) were included in the final analyses. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that red cell distribution width (RDW) (>13.7), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (4.4), Hemoglobin (Hgb) (<11.4 gr/dL) and monocyte to neutrophil ratio (MNR) (0.084) had the highest area under curve (AUC) values, respectively in discrimination critical patients than non-critical patients. In determining Group 3, MNR (<0.095), NLR (>5.2), Plateletcount (PLT) (>142 x103/L) and RDW (>14) were important haemocytometric parameters, and the mortality risk value created by their combination had the highest AUC value (AUC = 0.911, 95% CI, 0886–0.931). Trend analysis of CBC-Diff parameters over 30 days of hospitalization, NLR on day 2, MNR on day 4, RDW on day 6 and PLT on day 7 of admission were found to be the best time related parameters in discrimination non-critical (mild-moderate) patient group from critical (severe and non-survivor) patient group.

Conclusion
NLR is a strong predictor for the prognosis for severe COVID-19 patients when the cut-off chosen was 4.4, the combined mortality risk factor COVID-19 disease generated from RDW-CV, NLR, MNR and PLT is best as a mortality haematocytometric index.
Impact of guideline awareness on the counseling of patients with acute cough among general practitioners and pharmacy personnel
Authors: Kardos Peter , Beeh Kai-Michael , Sent Ulrike , Bissmann Guido 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To explore the awareness and knowledge of applicable guidelines on acute cough among general practitioners, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians and to compare their recommendation behavior and clinical decision making to the evidence-based recommendation in the applicable guidelines.

Methods
An anonymous online survey was performed among 303 members of an existing panel of healthcare professionals (HCPs). They were presented with a hypothetical case vignette representative of their daily practice and asked for their treatment recommendations. After being shown an excerpt from the applicable guidelines, these questions were repeated.

Results
Forty-six % of participants reported to seek information on cough and respiratory conditions very often or often. Among 12 non-prescription treatments-commonly used over-the-counter-products for acute cough, HCPs most often recommended various plant extract-based products (phytotherapeutic remedies) for the acute cough case, whereas chemically defined options such as ambroxol or N-acetyl-cysteine were recommended less often. Following presentation of the guidelines excerpt, recommendations of the phytotherapeutic remedies decreased moderately whereas that of the guideline-recommended ambroxol more than doubled. Among stated reasons for the recommendation guideline conformity increased from 5% to 35% among the top-3 reasons.

Conclusions
The recommendations for the treatment of acute cough by professionals involved in primary healthcare deviated considerably from the applicable guideline recommendation but changed after presentation of a guidelines excerpt and knowledge thereof. We conclude that dissemination of applicable guideline knowledge is relevant to improve evidence-based healthcare and clinical decision making.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: Score derivation for prediction based on a large national registry
Authors: Jędrychowska Magdalena , Siudak Zbigniew , Malinowski Krzysztof Piotr , Zandecki Łukasz , Zabojszcz Michał , Kameczura Tomasz , Mika Piotr , Bartuś Krzysztof , Wańha Wojciech , Wojakowski Wojciech , Legutko Jacek , Bartuś Stanisław , Januszek Rafał 
Published: August 2021

Background
Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) and obstructive coronary arteries (MI-CAD) are treated with primary percutaneous coronary interventions (pPCI), while patients with STEMI and non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), usually require non-invasive therapy. The aim of the study is to design a score for predicting suspected MINOCA among an overall group of STEMI patients.

Materials and methods
Based on the Polish national registry of PCIs, we evaluated patients between 2014 and 2019, and selected 526,490 subjects treated with PCI and 650,728 treated using only coronary angiography. These subjects were chosen out of 1,177,218 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Then, we selected 124,663 individuals treated with pPCI due to STEMI and 5,695 patients with STEMI and MINOCA. The score for suspected MINOCA was created using the regression model, while the coefficients calculated for the final model were used to construct a predictive model in the form of a nomogram.

Results
Patients with MINOCA differ significantly from those in the MI-CAD group; they were significantly younger, less often males and demonstrated smaller burden of concomitant diseases. The model allowed to show that patients who scored more than 600 points had a 19% probability of MINOCA, while for those scoring more than 650 points, the likelihood was 71%. The other end of the MINOCA probability scale was marginal for patients who scored less than 500 points (< .2%).

Conclusions
Based on the created MINOCA score presented in the current publication, we are able to distinguish MINOCA from MI-CAD patients in the STEMI group.
Treatment of early hypertension among persons living with HIV in Haiti: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yan Lily D. , Rouzier Vanessa , Dade Eliezer , Guiteau Collette , Pierre Jean Lookens , St-Preux Stephano , Metz Miranda , Oparil Suzanne , Pape Jean William , McNairy Margaret 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death, with greater burdens of both HIV and CVD in lower-middle income countries. Treating prehypertension in PLWH may reduce progression to hypertension, CVD risk and potentially mortality. However, no trial has evaluated earlier blood pressure treatment for PLWH. We propose a randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility, benefits, and risks of initiating antihypertensive treatment among PLWH with prehypertension, comparing prehypertension treatment to standard of care following current WHO guidelines.MethodsA total of 250 adults 18–65 years and living with HIV (PLWH) with viral suppression in the past 12 months, who have prehypertension will be randomized to prehypertension treatment versus standard of care. Prehypertension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120–139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80–89 mmHg. In the prehypertension treatment arm, participants will initiate amlodipine 5 mg daily immediately. In the standard of care arm, participants will initiate amlodipine only if they develop hypertension defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. The primary outcome is the difference in mean change of SBP from enrollment to 12 months. Secondary outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, adverse effects, HIV viral suppression, and medication adherence. Qualitative in-depth interviews with providers and participants will explore attitudes about initiating amlodipine, satisfaction, perceived CVD risk, and implementation challenges.DiscussionPLWH have a higher CVD risk and may benefit from a lower BP threshold for initiation of antihypertensive treatment.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov registration numberNCT04692467, registration date December 15, 2020, protocol ID 20–03021735.
A cross-sectional survey of hard ticks and molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing domestic animals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rooman Muhammad , Assad Yasir , Tabassum Sadia , Sultan Samia , Ayaz Sultan , Khan Muhammad Fiaz , Khan Shahid Niaz , Ali Rehman 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIn tropical and subtropical countries, tick infestation causes major public health problems and considerable financial losses to the livestock industry. This study was aimed to assess the species composition of richness and analyze the phylogeny ofRhipicephalus microplusin the District Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.MethodsCollected ticks were identified morphologically and DNA extracted fromR.micropluswas amplified and subjected to sequencing.ResultsA total of 3,600 animals were examined among them 1,494 animals were found to be infested with ticks, including 669 cows, 476 buffaloes, 163 goats, and 186 sheep (p= 0.001). Tick infestation was significantly high (43.58%) in animals of age group (<1 year) (p-value = 0.027). Female animals were more (44.05%) infested with ticks than males (34.43%) (p= 0.001). The intensity of infestation was significantly higher in summer (77.49%) (p= 0.001). A total of 5,557 ticks were collected comprising three genera and six species.R.micropluswas predominantly prevalent (n = 1,474; 26.52%), followed byRhipicephalus annulatus (n = 1,215; 21.86%),Hyalomma anatolicum(n = 1,139; 20.49%),Hyalomma marginatum(n = 1,086; 19.54%), andRhipicephalus turanicus(n = 761; 13.69%), while the least common wasHaemaphysalis aciculifer(n = 80; 1.43%) (p= 0.001). Morphologically identifiedR.microplusspecies were also analyzed genetically by using two genetic markers 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genes. The phylogenetic study revealed thatR.microplusis genetically diversified and clustered in clade B withR.microplusspecies from China, India, and Pakistan.ConclusionTicks infestation was significantly correlated with various factors including age, sex, season, and animal type.R.microplusgenetically resembled species reported from India and China. However, major knowledge gaps concerning various species of ticks exist and many areas are still unexplored in Pakistan. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the epidemiological and molecular aspects of various tick species in other regions of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Brain activations associated with anticipation and delivery of monetary reward: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Authors: Jauhar S. , Fortea L. , Solanes A. , Albajes-Eizagirre A. , McKenna P. J. , Radua J. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundWhile multiple studies have examined the brain functional correlates of reward, meta-analyses have either focused on studies using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task, or have adopted a broad strategy, combining data from studies using both monetary and non-monetary reward, as probed using a wide range of tasks.ObjectiveTo meta-analyze fMRI studies that used monetary reward and in which there was a definable cue-reward contingency. Studies were limited to those using monetary reward in order to avoid potential heterogeneity from use of other rewards, especially social rewards. Studies using gambling or delay discounting tasks were excluded on the grounds that reward anticipation is not easily quantifiable.Study eligibilityEnglish-language fMRI studies (i) that reported fMRI findings on healthy adults; (ii) that used monetary reward; and (iii) in which a cue that was predictive of reward was compared to a no win (or lesser win) condition. Only voxel-based studies were included; those where brain coverage was incomplete were excluded.Data sourcesOvid, Medline and PsycInfo, from 2000 to 2020, plus checking of review articles and meta-analyses.Data synthesisData were pooled using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI). Heterogeneity among studies was examined using theI2statistic. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and statistical examination of asymmetries. Moderator variables including whether the task was pre-learnt, sex distribution, amount of money won and width of smoothing kernel were examined.ResultsPooled data from 45 studies of reward anticipation revealed activations in the ventral striatum, the middle cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area and the insula. Pooled data from 28 studies of reward delivery again revealed ventral striatal activation, plus cortical activations in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. There was relatively little evidence of publication bias. Among moderating variables, only whether the task was pre-learnt exerted an influence.ConclusionsAccording to this meta-analysis monetary reward anticipation and delivery both activate the ventral but not the dorsal striatum, and are associated with different patterns of cortical activation.
Early loss of T lymphocyte 4-1BB receptor expression is associated with higher short-term mortality in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Eriksen Lotte Lindgreen , Nielsen Morten Aagaard , Laursen Tea Lund , Deleuran Bent , Vilstrup Hendrik , Støy Sidsel 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesIn alcoholic hepatitis (AH), dysfunctional T lymphocytes may contribute to the high mortality from infections. T lymphocyte activation is governed by the expression of co-stimulatory receptors such as 4-1BB balanced by inhibitory receptors such as Programmed Death receptor 1 (PD-1). 4-1BB expression is unaccounted for in AH, while PD-1 is elevated. We characterized expression of 4-1BB and PD-1 and the associated T lymphocyte functional status in AH and investigated whether these were associated with short-term mortality.MethodsThirty-five patients with AH (at diagnosis and days 7 and 90) were compared with healthy controls (HC). Spontaneous andin vitrostimulated receptor expression were quantified by flow cytometry, and plasma proteins by ELISA.ResultsAt diagnosis, the patients showed increased stimulated 4-1BB responses of CD4+T lymphocytes. Also, the frequencies of PD-1+T lymphocytes both with and without co-expressed 4-1BB were increased. Further, interferon-gamma was predominantly produced in T lymphocytes co-expressing 4-1BB. A decrease in the frequency of spontaneous 4-1BB+T lymphocytes and an increase in soluble 4-1BB during the first week after diagnosis were associated with higher mortality at day 90 in AH. PD-1 expression showed no systematic dynamics related to mortality.ConclusionsWe found an increased stimulated 4-1BB response of T lymphocytes in AH and early loss of these lymphocytes was associated with a higher short-term mortality. This suggests a role of T lymphocyte 4-1BB expression in the progression of AH.
Identifying critical features of type two diabetes prevention interventions: A Delphi study with key stakeholders
Authors: Ryan Jillian C. , Wiggins Bonnie , Edney Sarah , Brinkworth Grant D. , Luscombe-March Natalie D. , Carson-Chahhoud Kristin V. , Taylor Pennie J. , Haveman-Nies Annemien A. , Cox David N. 
Published: August 2021

Aims
This study aims to identify critically important features of digital type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention interventions.

Methods
A stakeholder mapping exercise was undertaken to identify key end-user and professional stakeholders, followed by a three-round Delphi procedure to generate and evaluate evidence statements related to the critical elements of digital T2DM prevention interventions in terms of product (intervention), price (funding models/financial cost), place (distribution/delivery channels), and promotion (target audiences).

Results
End-user (n = 38) and professional (n = 38) stakeholders including patients, dietitians, credentialed diabetes educators, nurses, medical doctors, research scientists, and exercise physiologists participated in the Delphi study. Fifty-two critical intervention characteristics were identified. Future interventions should address diet, physical activity, mental health (e.g. stress, diabetes-related distress), and functional health literacy, while advancing behaviour change support. Programs should be delivered digitally or used multiple delivery modes, target a range of population subgroups including children, and be based on collaborative efforts between national and local and government and non-government funded organisations.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight strong support for digital health to address T2DM in Australia and identify future directions for T2DM prevention interventions. The study also demonstrates the feasibility and value of stakeholder-led intervention development processes.
Acupuncture for glucose and lipid metabolic disorders of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Wu Yang , Peng Tao , Chen Yu , Huang Li , He Bisong , Wei Shaobin 
Published: August 2021

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease that is often accompanied by some metabolic abnormality such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of PCOS, but the effectiveness for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder remains controversial.

Objectives
To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder of women with PCOS.

Search methods
Eight databases will be searched from inception to June 2021, three clinical trial registration platforms will be searched for relevant trials.

Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture therapy for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic of PCOS will be included.

Data collection and analysis
Study screening, data collection, and analysis will be performed by two or more reviewers independently. We will calculate mean difference (MD), standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data synthesis will be performed with RevMan V.5.3 software and with Stata V.15.0 software when necessary.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020177846
Association of sociodemographic factors with the prescription pattern of opioids for dental patients: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Cruz Alex Junio Silva , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Mendes Suellen da Rocha , Castilho Lia Silva de , Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Oral health practitioners are responsible for a significant share of opioid prescriptions that seem to be influenced by many aspects, including sociodemographic factors. However, there is no consensus on the factors associated with opioid prescription in Dentistry.

Objective
To identify whether patients’ sociodemographic factors are associated with the prescription pattern of opioids in Dentistry.

Materials and methods
This systematic review will include observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort). Electronic searches will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of science, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Grey literature will also be consulted. Two independent reviewers will screen all retrieved articles for eligibility, extract data, and assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis and, where possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Certainty of the evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Systematic review registration number
PROSPERO CRD42020211226.
Did inter-hospital transfer reduce mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the real world? A nationwide patient cohort study
Authors: Kim Mi-Sook , Choi Seong Huan , Bae Jang-Whan , Lee Joongyub , Kim Hyeongsu , Lee Won Kyung 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Inter-hospital transfer (IHT) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are preferred over onsite thrombolysis when provided expeditiously. On the other hand, its benefit has not been evaluated in a real-world situation. This study examined the effects of IHT on the short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and compared the reperfusion treatments and resources between the referring and receiving hospitals.

Methods
Patients newly diagnosed with AMI and admitted to hospital were selected from the national health insurance database from 2004 to 2018. The 30-day and one-year mortality in the transferred and non-transferred patients were estimated and compared using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for confounding bias.

Results
Of the 258,291 participants, 10,158 were transferred to one or more hospitals. IHT was more likely to occur to older or more comorbid people, patients in rural areas, and those whose insurance was medical aid. The 30-day and one-year mortality of the non-IHT group was 9.7% and 15.8%, respectively, whereas the figure was 11.4% and 20.5% in the IHT group. After balancing the baseline characteristics, the transferred patients were 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06–1.20) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.20–1.31) times more likely to die during the subsequent 30 days and one year, respectively, than those treated solely at the presenting hospital. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the hazard ratios of the 30-day and 1-year mortality were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.97–1.35) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.15–1.49) in the transferred patients after balancing cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. On-site thrombolysis was rarely performed in the referring hospitals.

Conclusion
Patients transferred for the treatment of AMI experienced higher short- and long-term mortality. Therefore, onsite thrombolysis and the estimated time delay to PCI should be considered in regional hospitals to reduce mortality with the organization of STEMI treatment networks.