bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does myopia decrease the risk of diabetic retinopathy in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Thakur* Swapnil , Verkicharla* Pavan Kumar , Kammari Priyanka , Rani Padmaja Kumari 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To study the relationship between the severity of myopia and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted using data from electronic medical records from a multicentric eyecare network located in various geographic regions of India. Individuals with type 1 or type 2 DM were classified according to their refractive status. Severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR), PDR, or presence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) with any type of DR was considered as vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR).

Results:
A total of 472 individuals with type-1 DM (mean age 41 ± 10 years) and 9341 individuals with type-2 DM (52 ± 9 years) were enrolled. Individuals with a hyperopic refractive error had a significant positive association with the diagnosis of VTDR (odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95%CI 1.04–1.51, P = 0.01) and moderate nonproliferative DR (OR 1.27; 95%CI 1.02–1.59, P = 0.03) in type-2 DM; however, no significant association was found in type-1 DM. After adjusting for age, gender, anisometropia, and duration of diabetes, the presence of high myopia (< - 6 D) reduced the risk of VTDR in type 2 DM (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04–0.77, P = 0.02), but no association was found in type 1 DM. Mild and moderate myopia had no significant association with any forms of DR in both type-1 and type-2 DM.

Conclusion:
Hyperopic refractive error was found to increase the risk of VTDR in persons with type 2 DM. High-myopic refractive error is protective for VTDR in type 2 DM, but not in type-1 DM.
Prevalence, risk factors and association with glycemic levels of presbyopia in South Indian population
Authors: Srinivasan Ramyaa , Paramasivan Gaurav , Sharma Abhishek , Surya Janani , Sharma Tarun , Raman Rajiv 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence of presbyopia and its association with elevated glycemic levels in subjects ≥40 years of age in the South Indian population of Chennai.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study. Subjects were included from the Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular genetics Study (SN-DREAMS 1). Demographic data, detailed medical and ocular history, comprehensive eye examination, and biochemical investigations were performed. Glycosylated hemoglobin results were categorized as controls (4%–5.6%), prediabetic (5.7%–6.4%), and diabetic (≥6.5%) groups. The given presbyopic correction was divided into two groups as within and outside donders limit. Prevalence rates and mean values were determined and compared among the three glycemic groups. The Student t test, the Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:
The overall prevalence of presbyopia from our previously conducted SN-DREAMS 1 population of 1414 patients was 79.77% (95% CI: 0.775–0.818). In total, 1128 participants were included for our current secondary analysis with a mean age of 54.40 years (range: 40–83). The number of subjects within and outside donders limit was 1044 (92.55%) and 84 (7.44%), respectively. In each age group (40–49, 50–59, ≥60) regardless of being within or outside donders limits, an increasing trend in the prevalence of presbyopia was noted based on increasing glycemic levels.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of presbyopia in the South Indian population of Chennai. Findings show that the prevalence of presbyopia in different age groups increases with worsening diabetes status.
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in centre-involving diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mohan Sashwanthi , Chawla Gajendra , Surya Janani , Raman Rajiv 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the mainstay in the management of center-involving diabetic macular edema (CI-DME). Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used to treat CI-DME as well. Whether there is any benefit of using both together has not been explored. The aim of this study was to compare visual acuity and OCT outcomes in patients with CI-DME who receive intravitreal anti-VEGF with and without topical NSAIDs in CI-DME.

Methods:
This was A retrospective observational study in two centers in India. The study compared visual and OCT parameters of patients with CI-DME treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF monotherapy (group 1, N = 100) versus intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with topical NSAIDs (group 2, N = 50) over 1-year follow-up. Continuous and categorical parameters were compared using parametric and nonparametric tests, respectively.

Results:
Over the 1-year follow-up, group 2 received more mean number of intravitreal injections (group 1: 2.26 ± 1.71 vs. group 2: 3.74 ± 2.42; P < 0.0001). There were no differences between the groups in visual acuity and OCT thickness at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Combination therapy of topical NSAIDs with intravitreal anti-VEGF did not show any beneficial effects in terms of visual outcomes, reduction in central subfoveal thickness, or reduction in the mean number of injections in our study.
Factors protecting against diabetic retinopathy in a geriatric Indian cohort
Authors: Hamati Jacquelyn N , Das Anthony Vipin , Sai Prashanthi Gumpili , Behera Umesh C , Narayanan Raja , Rani Padmaja K 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. The majority of cases are in older adults. This study aims to evaluate modifiable and nonmodifiable protective factors against DR in a geriatric Indian population.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study uses data from a multitiered ophthalmology network to evaluate several demographic and clinical variables against diabetic retinopathy and visual acuity.

Results:
Our data show that high myopia, the female sex, and no cataract surgery are associated with lower prevalence of DR (OR = 0.21, 0.65, and 0.76, respectively; P < 0.001). We also found that among those with DR, people categorized as payers, retirees, and those living in urban or metropolitan areas have better visual acuity (OR = 0.65, 0.65, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively; P < 0.001). Among those with DR, females, presence of cataracts, and no cataract surgery had lower associations with sight-threatening DR (STDR) (OR = 0.68, 0.37, and 0.76, respectively; P < 0.001). Prevalence of DR decreased in older age groups while controlling for DM duration.

Conclusion:
It is probable that high myopia, the female sex, and better glycemic control are protective against DR and STDR in our study cohort of adults over 60 years of age. It is possible that occupations involving manual labor, delayed cataract surgery, and living past the age of 70 are also protective against DR.
Impact of diabetic retinopathy on pulse wave analysis-derived arterial stiffness and hemodynamic parameters: A cross-sectional study from Gujarat, India
Authors: Solanki Jayesh D , Kakadia Param J , Mehta Hemant B , Kakadia Jagdeep M , Shah Chinmay J 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to produce diabetic retinopathy (DR). Pulse wave analysis (PWA) provides arterial stiffness (AS) and central hemodynamic (CH) parameters. We studied the effect of DR on AS and CH parameters in type 2 diabetics (T2D).

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study on 47 T2Ds attending a private ophthalmology clinic screened for DR by optical coherence tomography angiography and divided into NDR (non-DR), NPDR (non-proliferative DR), and PDR (proliferative DR). Mobil-o-graph (IEM, Germany) based oscillometric PWA yielded AS and CH parameters. They were further compared between groups stratified by DR with P value set at 0.05.

Results:
Participants had a mean age 62, mean diabetes duration 9 years, high mean BMI, and high prevalence of physical inactivity, hypertension, and poor diseases control. Significant differences were lacking in NPDR, NDR, and PDR in rate pressure product (mean 112.71 vs 116.06 vs 119.57), central pulse pressure (mean 46.50 vs 43.09 vs 42.72), stroke work (mean 153.36 vs 132.36 vs 146.08), augmentation index (mean 29.43 vs 33.14 vs 31.64), and aortic pulse wave velocity (mean 10.06 vs 9.08 vs 9.06). There was no clear pattern of distribution of most parameters among the three subgroups.

Conclusion:
We found a lack of association between DR and cardiovascular ageing studied by AS and hemodynamic parameters. It suggests a possible difference in risk factors for both of these aftermaths of T2DM and calls for further prospective studies with a large sample size.
Comparison of broadband and monochromatic photopic negative response in eyes of patients with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy and different stages of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Banerjee Aniruddha , Pandurangan Karthika , Joe Amose , Sachidanandam Ramya , Sen Parveen 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the change in broadband (W/W), red on blue (R/B), and blue on yellow (B/Y) photopic negative response (PhNR) in patients with diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy (no DR) and different stages of DR and compare it with age-matched controls. This study was performed to provide a single PhNR protocol that can be used for early diagnosis of DR.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional case-control study done in a hospital setup. Patients with diabetes with no DR and different stages of DR with no other associated ocular pathologies were included. Age-matched controls with no retinal pathologies were also included for comparison. All subjects underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and W/W, R/B, and B/Y electroretinography. Fifty control eyes and 52 treatment naïve eyes of 52 patients with diabetes [no DR = 11, mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) =11, moderate NPDR = 10, severe NPDR = 9, and proliferative DR = 11] were included in the study.

Results:
On comparing the ERG responses in patients with diabetes and age-matched controls, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) was noted in the amplitudes of a-wave (39.78 ± 11.34 μV vs. 67.28 ± 12.88 μV), b-wave (116.25 ± 45.25 vs. 134.39 ± 28.78 μV), W/W PhNR (33.86 ± 17.33 vs. 67.18 ± 15.99 μV), R/B PhNR (28.77 ± 15.85 vs. 53.48 ± 14.15 μV), and B/Y PhNR (55.04 ± 32.63 vs. 104.79 ± 24.37 μV). Post
hoc analysis revealed that all the eyes in the diabetic group, including those with no DR, had a significantly reduced PhNR amplitude (P < 0.05) when compared with controls. PhNR was found to reduce in amplitude with increasing severity of DR (P < 0.05), with more significance in B/Y. Receiver operating characteristic showed highest area under the curve in B/Y PhNR (94%, P < 0.001), with maximum sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 87%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Changes in the amplitude and implicit time of ERG can reflect the severity of DR. PhNR amplitudes, especially B/Y PhNR, appear to be significantly reduced even in eyes with no DR.
Measurement of Caval Aorta Diameter Index by Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Normal Indian Population
Authors: Sompura Shailendra , Sangareddi Venkatesan , Swaminathan N. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Bedside ultrasonography is a promising noninvasive and rapid technique to assess body fluid status. Early detection of hypovolemia and hypervolemia is crucial to guide management in critically ill patients. There is a considerable demographic variability in the normal range of inferior vena cava dimensions as seen in numerous studies and a steadfast formula to calculate caval diameter based on demographic parameters and body growth is not available till date. Caval aorta diameter index had a positive correlation with invasively measured central venous pressure as established by previous studies done in intensive care units. The simplicity of examination technique makes this index useful in every situation where body fluid status has therapeutic and prognostic implications. This study aims to identify standard normal measurement of caval aorta index by easily available two-dimensional echocardiography in subcostal view and by right coronal approach/transhepatic view in different age groups in Indian patients.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and two patients referred for routine cardiac status evaluation who were asymptomatic and clinically normal without any major medical illness with normal echocardiogram were prospectively analyzed and caval aorta index assessed in both subxiphoid and transhepatic right coronal view.

Results:
Normal caval aorta index measured in subcostal view was 1.108 ± 0.076 and measured in transhepatic view was 1.101 ± 0.082 (mean ± 2 standard deviation). The difference of caval aorta index measured in both views was not significant statistically (P = 0.207).

Conclusion:
In this study, we provide a normal reference level for sonographic caval aorta index in Indian population measured in subxiphoid and transhepatic views. We also conclude that transhepatic right coronal view measurements for this index are comparable to subcostal view, so both views can be used alternatively when one window is suboptimal.
Compression Techniques of Electrical Energy Data for Load Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Dahunsi F.M. , Somefun O. A. , Ponnle A.A. , Adedeji K.B. 
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the electric grid has experienced increasing deployment, use, and integration of smart meters and energy monitors. These devices transmit big time-series load data representing consumed electrical energy for load monitoring. However, load monitoring presents reactive issues concerning efficient processing, transmission, and storage. To promote improved efficiency and sustainability of the smart grid, one approach to manage this challenge is applying data-compression techniques. The subject of compressing electrical energy data (EED) has received quite an active interest in the past decade to date. However, a quick grasp of the range of appropriate compression techniques remains somewhat a bottleneck to researchers and developers starting in this domain. In this context, this paper reviews the compression techniques and methods (lossy and lossless) adopted for load monitoring. Selected top-performing compression techniques metrics were discussed, such as compression efficiency, low reconstruction error, and encoding-decoding speed. Additionally reviewed is the relation between electrical energy, data, and sound compression. This review will motivate further interest in developing standard codecs for the compression of electrical energy data that matches that of other domains.
Promoção de Resiliência por meio da Tecnologia a partir das Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Bitencourt , Puffal Daniel Pedro , Flores Taís Müller 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho teórico-empírico busca examinar como a tecnologia promove resiliência, descrita como a meta-capacidade de lidar com situações adversas por meio de estratégias adaptativas, proativas e reativas, a partir de Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação (ICT’s) no Brasil. Esta investigação é pautada em uma abordagem qualitativa e concentra-se em um único estudo de caso com múltiplas unidades de análise, além de ter como base a Aliança Estratégica para a Promoção da Inovação Tecnológica, integrada pela Associação Brasileira das Instituições de Pesquisa Tecnológica e Inovação (Abipti), pela Associação Nacional de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Engenharia das Empresas Inovadoras (Anpei) e pela Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores (Anprotec). Ou seja, a pesquisa se faz a partir das principais entidades que discutem e representam as ICT’s no Brasil, apoiada por uma análise jurídica das diferentes normas e documentos de referência que regulamentam as atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. As evidências obtidas demonstram que as ICT’s podem promover a resiliência em condições que permitam a sua operação no modelo de hélice quadrupla/quíntupla onde o governo, as empresas, a academia, a sociedade e o ambiente possam se conectar a partir das ICT’s em relações colaborativas, semelhantes à noção de inovação aberta que envolve o uso de fluxos de entrada e saída de conhecimento para acelerar a inovação, para o desenvolvimento de soluções, além do escopo que quaisquer organizações ou pessoas que fariam individualmente. Entretanto, os processos colaborativos são difíceis de desencadear e mantendo-se sem políticas que assegurem um ambiente cultural e institucional de apoio às ICT’s. Dessa forma, há, de fato, a emergência de um tipo de ICT 4.0 que promova resiliência por meio da tecnologia para enfrentar os novos desafios da chamada quarta revolução industrial que produzem uma era de disrupções, expressa por dinâmicas que se refletem em novas tecnologias, modelo de negócios, produtos e estratégias em empresas e/ou startups que visam sacudir uma indústria e alterar seus padrões competitivos.
Mean sea level and tidal change in Ireland since 1842: a case study of Cork
Authors: Pugh David T. , Bridge Edmund , Edwards Robin , Hogarth Peter , Westbrook Guy , Woodworth Philip L. , McCarthy Gerard D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of regional changes in mean sea level and local changes in tides are crucial to inform effective climate adaptation. An essential element is the availability of accurate observations of sea level. Sea level data in the Republic of Ireland, prior to the establishment of the National Tide Gauge Network in the mid-2000s, are limited but belie a wealth of historical data available in archival form. In this study, we digitize records located in Cork Harbour, Ireland, from 1842 and show how short-duration (6–8 weeks), high-quality data with a large interval to the
present can accurately inform tidal and mean sea level changes. We consider error sources in detail. We estimate for the main M2 tidal constituent that the accuracy of these historical measurements is 1 % and 2 min for amplitude and phase, respectively, once adjustments for seasonal and nodal effects are made. Our mean sea level estimates are accurate to the 2 cm level, once adjustments for atmospheric and seasonal effects are made. Our results show tidal stability with a 2 % change in the amplitude of the M2 component, 4 min change in the phase over a period of 177 years, and mean sea level rise of 40 cm in the Cork Harbour area from 1842 to 2019, approximately in line with global mean sea level trends plus local glacial isostatic adjustment. More broadly, we show that with careful seasonal, nodal, and atmospheric corrections, together with knowledge of benchmark provenance, these historic, survey-oriented data can accurately inform of sea level changes.
Naturalistic Intelligence (NI) : Nature and Nurture
Authors: Watve Sujala , Watve Aparna 
Published: November 2021

Howard Gardener’s Multiple Intelligence theory includes Naturalistic intelligence, a cognitive potential to process information regarding nature. The individuals with high NI are likely to do well in diverse nature related careers and can contribute towards sustainable management and conservation of nature.
Studies of NI in Indian context lack any insights into NI that can help to identify and nurture NI. We assessed NI in school children and its expression in naturalists. Correlation of NI with other intelligences and its use were explored.
NI had highly significant but moderate correlations with other seven intelligences. Interview results showed that expert naturalists are highly sensitive towards variety, relationships and patterns found in natural objects and make use of multiple senses, including visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory while experiencing their surroundings. The results of both studies are used in conjunction with NI studies abroad to list characteristics that can help identify children with high NI. Activities that can help nurture NI are recommended.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Macromedia Flash Terhadap Hasil Belajar Geografi Siswa di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Ternate
Authors: Abdullah Irwan 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan quasi eksperiment dengan Non-Equaivalent Control Group Design. Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu,variabel bebas berupa kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperiment. Sedangkan variabel terikat berupa hasil belajar subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX A dan IX B SMA Negeri 9 Kota Ternate dengan jumlah siswa 52 siswa yang terbagi atas kelas kontrol (26) dan kelas eksperiment (26). Penelitian ini menggunakan tes pilihan ganda berupa Pre-test dan posttest. Pengujian persyaratan hipotesis menggunakan uji normalitas (mengunakan teknik analisis Chi kuadrat) dan uji homogenitas validitas instrument. Reabilitas instrument tes hitung dengan rumus. Diperoleh r = 0,827 yang berarti reabilitas instrument sangat tinggi.Teknik analisis data menggunkan uji-t kelompok terpisah (independent sample test).Uji-t digunakan unutk mengetahui perbidaan hasil belajar siswa.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata hasil belajar Pre-test kelas kontrol sebesar 47,19 dan nilai rata-rata Post-test sebesar 78,75 sedangkan pada kelas eksperiment dengan nilai rata-rata Pre-test sebesar 49,22 dan nilai rata-rata Post-test sebesar 86,88,Peningkatan hasil belajar kelas kontrol sebsar 31,56 dan kelas eksperiment sebesar 37,66. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash lebih besar dari hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan metode konvensional pada materi Geografi Hidrologi di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Ternate. Analisis hasil tes siswa yang diuji dengan uji-t dengan porelahan thitung> ttabel (5,183>1,671).
Clonidine for the Treatment of Agitation After Dexmedetomidine Discontinuation in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nguyen Thao L. , Lam Weng Man , Orr Hillary , Gulbis Brian , Mauricio Riza , Tom Eric , Modem Vinai M. , Coronado-Munoz Alvaro 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE
Dexmedetomidine has become a widely used drug in PICUs for sedation. We aim to determine the effects of clonidine on pediatric patients after dexmedetomidine use.

METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study that evaluated all pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary PICU who received dexmedetomidine infusion for &gt;48 hours. Outcomes in patients exposed to clonidine (CLON) were compared with those of patients who were not exposed (NoCLON).

RESULTS
A total of 216 patients were included in this study (43 CLON and 173 NoCLON). The primary outcome, agitation, was less in the CLON cohort (9.3%) than in the NoCLON cohort (9.3% versus 29.5%, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). Hospital LOS was longer in the CLON group (59 versus 20 days, p &lt; 0.01), as was PICU LOS (37.4 versus 11.1 days, p &lt; 0.01). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of increased heart rate or blood pressure between the 2 cohorts. Patients exposed to concurrent midazolam and opioid infusions had higher incidence of agitation when they did not receive clonidine (CLON 8% versus NoCLON 37%, OR 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05–0.51; p &lt; 0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in the incidence of agitation for the CLON group versus the NoCLON group when dexmedetomidine was administered alone (25% versus 19%, OR 1.4; p = 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms the importance and effectiveness of clonidine to treat agitation after dexmedetomidine discontinuation. A validated withdrawal scoring tool can help better define dexmedetomidine withdrawal in pediatric patients.