bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical challenges in consent procedures involving pediatric cancer patients in Saudi Arabia: An exploratory survey
Authors: Alahmad Ghiath , AlSaqabi Muneera , Alkamli Hala , Aleidan Mona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPediatric cancer is accompanied by many ethical challenges, particularly those related to respecting the child's opinion and parental responsibility and consent.Questionnaires were collected from 400 participants, from four equal groups: doctors, nurses, parents and medical students, from three cities in Saudi Arabia, about three problematic issues which revolve around the mandatory consent of one or both parents, the extent of a child’s assent, and the acceptable form of consent and assent.Despite the diversity of the participants' cultural backgrounds, most preferred both parents to give consent, followed by either parent without differentiation between parents, which reinforced a trend towards more gender equality. The majority of participants preferred that parental consent forms be detailed enough to obtain the maximum information, while others chose medium‐size consent forms; a large majority preferred that the form seeking to obtain the assent of the child with cancer be short, reflecting their desire not to increase the burden on the child, in addition to the fact that the final decision belongs to the parents rather than the child. Most participants preferred to rely on a child's level of maturity rather than having reached a certain age so that they could give assent, while the rest considered the age of 13‐14 as a suitable age.These findings reflect an increasing ethical awareness regarding parental consent and child assent, and they can be formulated in a recommendation for a more ethical practice in the field of childhood cancer and pediatrics in general.
Applying REWIND cardiovascular disease criteria to SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6: An exploratory analysis of cardiovascular outcomes with semaglutide
Authors: Verma Subodh , Fainberg Udi , Husain Mansoor , Rasmussen Søren , Rydén Lars , Ripa Maria Sejersten , Buse John B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the REWIND trial, dulaglutide reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes in both the “established CV disease” (CVD) and “CV risk factor” subgroups. The SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 trials of semaglutide used different criteria for established CVD from those used in REWIND. The present post hoc analysis assessed the effect of semaglutide on major adverse CV events (MACE) in a pooled population of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 patients, re‐categorized into CV risk subgroups using the REWIND CVD criteria. In the pooled analysis (n = 6480), a lower percentage of patients were in the established CVD subgroup, when using the REWIND CVD criteria, compared with the original trial CVD criteria (66.5% vs. 83.8%, respectively). After re‐categorization, the risk of MACE was significantly lower with semaglutide versus placebo in the established CVD subgroup (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59, 0.92) and nonsignificantly lower in the CV risk factor subgroup (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55, 1.28) (P‐interaction = 0.60). These results suggest that the CV effects of semaglutide may extend to patients with type 2 diabetes across the CV risk continuum.
Insights into the molecular determinants of thermal stability in halohydrin dehalogenase HheD2
Authors: Wessel Julia , Petrillo Giovanna , Estevez‐Gay Miquel , Bosch Sandra , Seeger Margarita , Dijkman Willem P. , Iglesias‐Fernández Javier , Hidalgo Aurelio , Uson Isabel , Osuna Sílvia , Schallmey Anett 
Published: February 2021

Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) are promising enzymes for application in biocatalysis due to their promiscuous epoxide ring‐opening activity with various anionic nucleophiles. So far, seven different HHDH subtypes A to G have been reported with subtype D containing the by far largest number of enzymes. Moreover, several characterized members of subtype D have been reported to display outstanding characteristics such as high catalytic activity, broad substrate spectra or remarkable thermal stability. Yet, no structure of a D‐type HHDH has been reported to date that could be used to investigate and understand those features on a molecular level. We therefore solved the crystal structure of HheD2 from gamma proteobacterium HTCC2207 at 1.6 Å resolution and used it as a starting point for targeted mutagenesis in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, in order to study the low thermal stability of HheD2 in comparison with other members of subtype D. This revealed a hydrogen bond between conserved residues Q160 and D198 to be connected with a high catalytic activity of this enzyme. Moreover, a flexible surface region containing two α‐helices was identified to impact thermal stability of HheD2. Exchange of this surface region by residues of HheD3 yielded a variant with 10 °C higher melting temperature and reaction temperature optimum. Overall, our results provide important insights into the structure–function relationship of HheD2 and presumably for other D‐type HHDHs.DatabasesStructural data are available in PDB database under the accession number 7B73.
A New Method for Determining Compound Specific Carbon Isotope of Chlorinated Solvents in Porewater
Authors: Herrero Jofre , Puigserver Diana , Parker Beth L. , Carmona José M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new method for the extraction of chlorinated solvents (CSs) from porewater with dimethylacetamide (DMA) used as a solvent and the determination of δ13C by gas chromatography‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐IRMS) with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) are presented. This method was used for the determination of δ13C of chloroethenes and chloromethanes. The extraction of the CSs from porewater with DMA led to a minimal loss of mass of solvent and chlorinated compounds. The accuracy of the method was verified with the analysis of the pure injected compounds using elemental analyzer—isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS). It has been effectively applied in a study area in saturated soil samples of a pollutant source zone of perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). The limit of quantification of the new method was 0.034 μg/g for PCE and TCE for 10–20 g of soil sample. This new method allows for compound‐specific isotope analysis of CSs in porewater, which can be beneficial in sites where the identification of contamination sources and the behavior of the contaminants are not clear.
Perceptions of aquatic physiotherapy and health‐related quality of life among people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Terrens Aan Fleur , Soh Sze‐Ee , Morgan Prue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnablers for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) participating in aquatic physiotherapy have been identified, and exercise improves health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) but it is unclear whether all enablers and barriers for aquatic physiotherapy specific to the PD population have been explored.ObjectiveTo describe HRQoL in people with PD who have undertaken aquatic physiotherapy, and explore their perceptions and attitudes regarding the programme.MethodsTwenty‐one participants who participated in a pilot trial on aquatic physiotherapy were included. Participants completed a survey regarding their experiences. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire‐39 (PDQ‐39) and Personal Well‐being Index‐Adult (PWI) were used to quantify HRQoL, whilst focus groups were conducted to explore their perceptions and attitudes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize HRQoL scores. Focus group data were analysed using the deductive coding method.ResultsMost participants felt that the aquatic programme was worthwhile (n = 20/21, 95%). However, they had poor overall well‐being (mean 41.6, SD 13.5) and HRQoL (mean 31.0, SD 13.2) as measured by the PWI and PDQ‐39. Several barriers to aquatic therapy including safety when getting dressed, fatigue and transport were identified although many enablers were also identified, including an improvement in function, less falls and group socialization.ConclusionsAquatic physiotherapy was well‐accepted. Participants felt their function improved and felt safe in the water. HRQoL is lower in individuals with PD when compared to Australian norms; thus, interventions to optimize HRQoL need to be explored further.Patient or Public ContributionPatients participated in the aquatic intervention, survey and focus groups.
Effects of self‐management programs on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Van Truong Pham , Wulan Apriliyasari Renny , Lin Mei‐Yu , Chiu Hsiao‐Yean , Tsai Pei‐Shan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of self‐management interventions on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension.BackgroundEffective treatment of hypertension may require the practice of self‐management behaviours. However, evidence on effects of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension is lacking.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesCINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid‐Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and other sources were searched to October 2020.Review methodsData were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 2.0 and quality assessment was done using ROB 2.0. The pooled effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals using a random‐effects model.ResultsTwelve randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. The results revealed that self‐management interventions significantly decreased blood pressure and increased self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adult patients with hypertension, with no significant effect on body mass index.ConclusionsSelf‐management interventions have considerable beneficial effects in older adults with hypertension. Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health.
A novel approach for exploring the trade‐offs between several features of students’ well‐being
Authors: González‐Gallardo S. , Henriques C.O. , Marcenaro‐Gutierrez O.D. , Luque M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel approach to explore the trade‐offs between four features of students’ well‐being (anxiety, motivation, sense of belonging, and bullying). On the one hand, a multiobjective interval problem is formulated by considering these distinct components of well‐being as objective functions, being then instantiated with confidence intervals obtained from distinct econometric estimations. Then, the problem is solved through the use of a reference point approach that allows accounting for the decision maker's preferences by considering a set of weight vectors that can be used to express his/her preferences regarding the importance that should be given to each objective function. The results provide information on how the improvement of one objective might affect the remaining objectives. Furthermore, the student's profile corresponding to each scrutinized solution is also made available. Overall, the results claim that bullying is the most affected objective, highlighting the need to foster antibullying education policies in Spanish schools, according to PISA 2015 data. Finally, some educational polices are suggested in order to enhance students’ well‐being.
The implementation of correctional nursing practice—Caring behind bars: A grounded theory study
Authors: Dhaliwal Kirnvir K. , Hirst Sandra P. , King‐Shier Kathryn M. , Kent‐Wilkinson Arlene 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo understand how registered nurses implement their nursing practice in correctional institutions with healthcare governance by a health authority (e.g. Ministry of Health).DesignStraussian grounded theory.MethodsSimultaneous data collection and analysis were undertaken using theoretical sampling, constant comparison and memo writing. Thirteen registered nurses engaged in semi‐structured telephone interviews about implementing their correctional nursing practice including, providing direct care to adult offenders. Data were collected (December 2018 to October 2019) until saturation occurred. Analytic coding (open, axial and final theoretical integration) was performed to identify the core category and subcategories around which the substantive theory was developed.ResultsThe theory of Caring Behind Bars refers to the process of how registered nurses implemented their correctional nursing practice to care for offenders. The core category of Caring Behind Bars is comprised of five subcategories: tension between custody and caring, adaptability and advocacy, offender population, provision of care, and challenging and positive elements.ConclusionCaring Behind Bars required registered nurses to address tension between custody and caring by adapting and advocating to access offenders. The provision of care required registered nurses to use assessment skills and numerous resources to provide a variety of patient focused care to offenders. The consequences of Caring Behind Bars had challenging and positive elements.ImpactThe tension provides purposeful space to continue improving teamwork among correctional officers and registered nurses. More research is required about the impact of correctional healthcare governance models on professional practice and health outcomes. Frontline registered nurses can use the theory to make informed choices when providing care. Registered nurses practising in other domains of correctional nursing (i.e. administration, education and research) can also use this theory to advance and inform practice with the goal of promoting offender health.
The division and transfer of care responsibilities in paediatric type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study on parental perspectives
Authors: Aalders Jori , Hartman Esther , Pouwer Frans , Winterdijk Per , van Mil Edgar , Roeleveld‐Versteegh Angelique , Mommertz‐Mestrum Elke , Aanstoot Henk‐Jan , Nefs Giesje 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo determine which factors other than child age play a role in the division and transfer of diabetes care responsibilities between parents and children with type 1 diabetes.DesignQualitative focus group study.MethodsAcross four sites in the Netherlands, 18 parents (13 mothers) of children (9–14 years) with type 1 diabetes participated in four focus groups in 2015–2016, as part of the research project 'Whose diabetes is it anyway?'. Qualitative content analysis and the constant comparison method were used to analyse the data.ResultsAccording to parents, the transfer process included both direct and indirect tasks, had different levels (remembering, deciding, performing), was at times a difficult and stressful process, and showed large variation between families. A large number of child, parent and context factors were identified that affected the division and transfer of diabetes care responsibilities according to parents. Both positive and negative consequences of the transfer process were described for parental and child health, behaviour and well‐being. Parental final evaluations of the division and transfer of diabetes care responsibilities appeared to be dependent on parenting values.ConclusionHow families divide and transfer diabetes care tasks appeared to be affected by a complex interplay of child, parent and context characteristics, which had an impact on several parent and child domains.ImpactParents struggle with the right timing of transfer, which calls for more support from diabetes nurses. The identified factors can be used as input for integrating a more family‐based approach into current age‐based guidelines, to improve regular care.
The language of behaviour changes in dementia: A mixed methods survey exploring the perspectives of people with dementia
Authors: Wolverson Emma , Dunn Rosie , Moniz‐Cook Esme , Gove Dianne , Diaz‐Ponce Ana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the opinions of people with dementia, about the language used to describe changes in behaviour associated with dementia.DesignThis study adopted a human rights approach in a mixed methods convergent parallel synthesis design.MethodsOnline and paper‐based questionnaire data were collected between November 2019 and March 2020. A combination of convenience and purposive sampling was used to invite people with dementia to participate.ResultsIn total, 54 people completed the survey. There was no clear consensus on a preferred term, but 28.3% preferred the term ‘unmet needs’ for describing changes in behaviour associated with dementia. Qualitative data revealed important nuances and challenges for researchers and practitioners in relation to terminology for this paradigm. Participants felt that the language we use to talk about changes in behaviour could influence how people with dementia are viewed and treated and how people feel about themselves.ConclusionThe majority of participants were familiar with a range of terminology. There was no universal agreement on terminology, but there was an overall preference for terms that reflect the unmet needs likely to underlie perceived changes in behaviour.ImpactPeople with dementia raised concerns about the language used to describe changes in behaviour that can occur in dementia. There is scope for improvements in the language used for this paradigm in both research and practice. Following a diagnosis of dementia, clinicians need to take the time to explore an individual's preferences and understandings. They can then share their own understanding about the potential for changed behaviour and if relevant, how any negative impact of this may be minimized.
Thirty‐six‐month results of laparoscopic‐based renal denervation plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for the treatment of patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma
Authors: Liu Yahui , Zhu Binbin , Zhu Lijie , Zhao Linwei , Fan Zhiqiang , Ding Degang , Liu Zhonghua , Zhao Qiuping , Qi Datun , Zhang You , Wang Ji‐Guang , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the long‐term clinical results of Renal denervation (RDN) from the adventitia of the renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy to treat patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA). Sixty patients with resistant hypertension caused by APA who were treated at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2016 to March 2018 were selected and randomly assigned to undergo RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus adrenalectomy (RDN group, n = 30) or adrenalectomy alone (control group, n = 30). Office blood pressure (BP), antihypertensive medication usage and other laboratory characteristics were followed every 6 months through 36 months. Follow‐up data were available at 36 months for 23 of 30 subjects in the RDN group and for 21 of 30 subjects who were in the control group. At 36 months postprocedure, the reduction in the RDN group was 42.2 ± 21.6 mmHg and that in the control group was 29.8 ± 13.5 mmHg (p = .029 between the groups). During the follow‐up to 36 months postprocedure, no patients in either the RDN group or the control group died due to surgical complications, and the RDN group had no procedural complications, including renal artery dissection, perforation, and renal artery stenosis. There was no change in the mean eGFR of the two groups, and no serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy resulted in sustained lowering of BP at 3 years in a selected population of subjects with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA without serious safety concerns.
Mesenchymal stromal cells protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity through alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by restoring SERCA activity
Authors: Li Linzhao , Zeng Xin , Liu Zhenzhen , Chen Xuanming , Li Lan , Luo Ruixi , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Jie , Liu Jingping , Lu Yanrong , Cheng Jingqiu , Chen Younan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate how mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modulate metabolic balance and attenuate hepatic lipotoxicity in the context of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In vivo, male SD rats were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) to develop NAFLD; then, they were treated twice by intravenous injections of rat bone marrow MSCs. In vitro, HepG2 cells were cocultured with MSCs by transwell and exposed to palmitic acid (PA) for 24 hours. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin and sarco/ER Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA2)–specific siRNA were used to explore the regulation of ER stress by MSCs. We found that MSC administration improved hepatic steatosis, restored systemic hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis, and inhibited hepatic ER stress in HFD‐fed rats. In hepatocytes, MSCs effectively alleviated the cellular lipotoxicity. Particularly, MSCs remarkably ameliorated the ER stress and intracellular calcium homeostasis induced by either PA or thapsigargin in HepG2 cells. Additionally, long‐term HFD or PA stimulation would activate pyroptosis in hepatocytes, which may contribute to the cell death and liver dysfunction during the process of NAFLD, and MSC treatment effectively ameliorates these deleterious effects. SERCA2 silencing obviously abolished the ability of MSCs against the PA‐induced lipotoxicity. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that MSCs were able to ameliorate liver lipotoxicity and metabolic disturbance in the context of NAFLD, in which the regulation of ER stress and the calcium homeostasis via SERCA has played a key role.
Serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 as a clinical marker for non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Li Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xiuwei , Yang Rusong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the value of serum macrophage inhibitory factor‐1 (MIC‐1) level in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serum samples from 296 patients with NSCLC and 240 healthy controls were collected. The levels of serum MIC‐1 were determined by ELISA. The serum MIC‐1 levels in NSCLC patients were higher than that of the controls (P <.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum MIC‐1 was an independent prognostic indicator of OS and PFS. Serum MIC‐1 is a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.