bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability analysis of Aeroengine Blades Based on Fourier Transform
Authors: Bi Jun-Xi , Hu Zeng-Lin , Wang Ying , Li Hai-Bin , Wang Shou-Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a key part of aero-engine, blade is responsible for energy conversion. This paper summarizes the significance of traditional aero-engine blade reliability analysis. The basic principle of Fourier Transform is introduced. According to the Fourier transform, the decomposition method of the actual dynamic load curve of the blade in the working process in the frequency domain is deduced, and the dynamic load is decomposed in the frequency domain. The specific information of the sinusoidal harmonics which constitute the time domain signal is obtained, and then the theoretical method of restoring it to the time domain is deduced. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to the time domain signal by MATLAB. The dynamic load of aero-engine blade is analyzed by Fourier Transform, and the derivation process of Fourier Transform and inverse transform is completed. Fourier Transform can simulate the actual dynamic load curve of aero-engine blade, which can be used as the theoretical basis for the next step of aero-engine blade reliability test-bed loading.
Research on the Method of Rotary Machinery Fault Diagnosis based on PCA and DBN
Authors: Li H P , Qi Zh L , Hu J P , Zhang X Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the difficulty of complex vibration signal transmission path, great influence of different sensor positions on diagnosis results and difficulty in feature extraction of rotary machinery fault diagnosis, a new fault diagnosis method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) is proposed. The framework of the method is constructed. The theory of PCA and DBN are introduced. And the validity and superiority of the proposed method are verified by the experimental data of typical rotary machinery.
Reliability Evaluation and Optimization for Phased Mission Systems with Cascading Effects
Authors: Ma Chenyang , Zhang Shuai , Zhou Mi , Si Shubin , Cai Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The phased mission system (PMS) has been widely used in aerospace, data transmission, internet of things, which perform the entire mission with non-overlapping, consecutive and multiple phases of operation. The challenge for the PMS reliability evaluation is to consider both the dynamic of each component across phases and the functional dependence (FDEP) among components. In some cases, the component can fail individually or resulting from the cascading effect (CE) caused by internal FDEP among components. So, this paper presents the reliability evaluation method for PMSs with the CE based on recursive algorithm. Then, to find the best components’ allocation scheme with the maximized system reliability and the minimized manufacturing cost, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is employed to solve the combinatorial optimization problem. Finally, the numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of proposed method and obtains solutions of the optimization model.
Research on the Method of Safety Warning for Shipboard Aircraft Landing
Authors: Fang X T , Zhang K P , Chang Z Z , Peng D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to ensure the landing safety of the shipboard aircraft, it is necessary to monitor the landing process of the shipboard aircraft, and give an alarm in time for the situation that may endanger the flight safety. This paper mainly studies the use of human (Landing Signal Officer and Flight Crew) and Aircraft Environment Surveillance System (AESS) and compares the defects of these two methods. On this basis, a method of shipboard aircraft landing based on the probability of landing risk is proposed. By comparing the estimated value of landing guidance error with the warning threshold of landing guidance error in the vertical and lateral direction respectively, the warning is determined according to the comparison results.
Spare parts allocation of amphibious aircraft based on hybrid two-level repair
Authors: Feng Yun-Wen , Tian Jing , Xue Xiao-Feng , Lu Cheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid two-level inventory allocation method based on multi-echelon technique for recoverable item control (METRIC) was applied to the spare parts allocation of amphibious aircraft. Firstly, the principle of the spare parts inventory configuration model for amphibious aircraft based on hybrid two-level repair was expounded. The mathematical model was established with maintenance cost as objective function and availability and volume of spare parts as constraints. Secondly, marginal analysis was used to help allocate spare parts, the process of solving the mathematical model was discussed, and the calculation formulas of the quantities involved were briefly stated. Finally, with the line replaceable units of landing gear as the research object, the spare parts inventory allocation of an amphibious aircraft was solved according to the method proposed in this paper. This paper provides an approach to allocate spare parts of amphibious aircraft.
Research on Product Failure Prediction Based on TRIZ Theory
Authors: Zhang Y J , Yue Z Y , Jiang G J , Yang X X , Pan D X , Xia X Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Failure prediction at the product design stage can improve product quality and reduce input costs. Many existing failure analysis methods were susceptible to staff brainstorming during failure excavation, resulting in distortion of results. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing failure analysis methods, according to the interaction characteristics of substance attributes from the functional perspective of TRIZ theory, and drawing on the analysis process of anticipatory failure determination (AFD) method, a general model which was suitable for mechanical products and can effectively determine the potential failure modes and causes of components was established. The feasibility of the model was verified by the example of the fixed-bed gas-gas heat exchanger.
Research on Key Techniques of the Warship Equipment Support Capability Design for the People’s Armed Police Coast Guard
Authors: Biao Xing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the actual requirement and the existing situation of the warship equipment support, the article makes its main research on the People’s Armed Police Coast Guard, and describes the concept and connotation of the warship equipment support design. Finally, it summarizes the project and technological approaches which can realize the support target from the project demonstration phase to the using support phase. The warship equipment support capacity design aims at solving the generated problem of the system of systems support capability, and can improve the logistical support system, innovative the support model, enhanced the logistical support capability.
KKMA - A Calculation Method for KANO Classification Based on User Reviews
Authors: Lu A P , Sun Y F , Lei Z , Li G , Jing J , Liu W , Hu C J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
KANO model classification is helpful for us to recognize customer needs and to improve their satisfaction. The traditional method uses standard questionnaires to conduct surveys, classifies product attributes according to the survey results. However with the increase of product complexity and the speed of product iteration, the method of survey is more and more unable to meet our analysis needs; coupled with the increasing number of customers who do not want to give feedback for questionnaires, low responds ratio rate leads poor feedback quality which affects the reliability of the research results. Although many studies are about KANO model classification, few of them focus on how to improve responds ratio rate. This article creates a new method for KANO model classification. By collecting customer reviews and rating score, we build up regression model between the score and the degree to which product attributes meet user needs according to their text expression. Based on the curve shape of the model coefficients and the value of the coefficient we can identify which KANO classification will a product attribute belongs to. The experiment study for gaming notebook has proved that this method is efficient and can be widely used in other products. We call this method as KKMA (Kano, K-means, MDS, Ad boost).
Tolerance design of electromechanical products based on self-defined approximate model
Authors: Deng J , Lai J M , Zhai G F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Influenced by the uncertain factors in the manufacturing process, the output characteristics of electromechanical products inevitably deviate from the target value, resulting in the uneven quality of batch products. Generally, tolerance design based on a large number of input-output data is used to improve the quality consistency of batch products. As for electromechanical products, the output characteristics are usually obtained by the finite element method (FEM). However, FEM is so time-consuming that it is difficult to be applied to the tolerance design process. In this paper, a new tolerance design process based on approximate model is proposed. The period of tolerance design is greatly shortened. Firstly, a self-defined approximate model based on Taylor expansion principle is established. Then based on this model, the tolerance design with variable contribution rate is carried out. Finally, Monte Carlo method is used to compare the quality consistency of batch products before and after optimization. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper are verified in the case of a certain type of electromagnetic relay (EMR).
Condition Monitoring of the Aircraft Structural Fatigue Test Based on PCA Algorithm
Authors: Yan C Y , Zhang Q Y , Lin J F , Hou Q Q 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the frequent occurrence of structural damage and abnormal conditions in the aircraft structural fatigue test, this paper puts forth a condition monitoring method for aircraft structural fatigue test based on PCA algorithm. First, PCA theory is introduced and its principle is deduced. Second, combined with the characteristics of aircraft structural fatigue test, the off-line principal component model of fatigue test under normal condition is established, in which the static measurement data is treated as the training sample set. According to T2 statistic and statistical test theory, the detection index is constructed to realize abnormal state recognition. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a test case.
Study of electric field vector, angular momentum conservation and Poynting vector of nonparaxial beams
Authors: Prajapati Chandravati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The angular momentum (AM) of light, comprising spin and orbital AMs, is conserved and produces a spin-Hall shift in this process for paraxial beams. For nonparaxial beams, the spin and orbital AMs are non-separable and produce many changes in the beams’ spatial profile contrary to paraxial beams. These changes can be manifested as polarization modulation in the transverse plane, and conversion to orbital angular momentum (OAM) structured beams in the transverse and longitudinal planes, which can be estimated by studying the electric field vector in detail. We have calculated theoretically and simulated numerically the electric field vector components in the focal plane, to study the polarization modulation and AM conservation for OAM and Gaussian light beams of circular and linear polarizations and compared the results. Further, we have calculated and simulated the Poynting vector components for the corresponding fields to study the energy flow. We have considered the focusing of light beams using a high Numerical Aperture objective lens to obtain the nonparaxial beam, and presented a detailed theoretical analysis therein. The interpretation studies presented here are new, which may have many applications in nanophotonics and help in understanding the spin–orbit interaction at the fundamental level.
In-situ reduction of silver by surface DBD plasma: a novel method for preparing highly effective electromagnetic interference shielding Ag/PET
Authors: FAN Zhiyuan , DI Lanbo , BU Decai , ZHANG Tengda , ZHANG Xiuling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites with good flexibility and weatherability properties have attracted increased attention. In this study, we combined the surface modification method of sub-atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma with in situ atmospheric pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma (APSDBD) reduction to prepare polyethylene terephthalate supported silver (Ag/PET). Due to the prominent surface modification of PET film, mild plasma reduction, and effective control of the silver morphology by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a 3.32 μm thick silver film with ultralow sliver loading (0.022 wt%) exhibited an EMI shielding efficiency (SE) of 39.45 dB at 0.01 GHz and 31.56 dB at 1.0 GHz (>30 dB in the range of 0.01–1.0 GHz). The SEM results and EMI shielding analysis indicated that the high performance originated from the synergistic effect of the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with preferentially oriented cell-like surface morphologies and layer-by-layer-like superimposed microstructures inside, which demonstrated strong microwave reflection properties. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and x-ray diffractometer showed that the surface structures of the heat-sensitive substrate materials were not destroyed by plasma. Additionally, APSDBD technology for preparing Ag/PET had no special requirements on the thickness, dielectric constant, and conductivity of the substrate, which provides an effective strategy for manufacturing metal or alloy films on surfaces of heat-sensitive materials at a relatively low cost.
Self-powered graphene phototransistor with high and tunable responsivity and detectivity
Authors: Gebril Wafaa , Manasreh M Omar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A few layers graphene-based phototransistor was fabricated and investigated. Graphene layers were mechanically exfoliated and transferred into a p-doped Si/SiO2 substrate to fabricate a graphene field effect transistor. Gold electrodes were deposited to create a drain and source to the graphene and a back contact gate to the p-doped silicon. The device performance was examined by measuring the current-voltage characteristics in the dark and under illumination. At zero drain voltage bias and room temperature, the device operated and achieved high responsivity and detectivity on the order of 2.7 × 104 A W−1 and 5 × 1012 cm·Hz0.5/W, respectively. A ratio of 29 between the photocurrent and the dark current was achieved. The device shows an excellent tunable photoresponse as a function of the applied back-gate voltage, which indicates the domination of a photogating effect produced by the Si/SiO2 substrate.
A Sliding Scale Approach to Travaux in Treaty Interpretation: The Case of Investment Treaties
Authors: Shirlow Esmé , Waibel Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Materials produced during the negotiation of treaties, commonly called travaux préparatoires (‘travaux’), are given formal significance as a ‘supplementary means’ of treaty interpretation under article 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). Travaux present both risks and opportunities for treaty interpretation, and international adjudicators have differed in how they define the rationale for referring to travaux, how they use these materials, and even more fundamentally, what materials they classify as travaux. This article proposes a methodology to guide the more structured identification and use of travaux. Under the proposed sliding scale approach, treaty interpreters assess the utility of material to the interpretive exercise by reference to its precise qualitative features and the context of interpretation, rather than by categorizing materials as ‘travaux’ or not. The article uses the interpretation of investment treaties in investor-state arbitration as a case study to illustrate the proposed approach and its utility. The discussion, including the proposed sliding scale approach, is nonetheless equally relevant for interpreting all manner of treaties.
A stochastic dominance approach to pension-fund selection
Authors: Kopa Miloš , Kabašinskas Audrius , Šutienė Kristina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to the research on multi-pillar pension systems with main focus on private pension funds (PFs). In this context, the specific objective of this study is to determine which second-pillar private fund is the best for participants in such systems on the basis of their risk profile. Based on the assumptions on utility functions of the participants in a pension scheme, four types of stochastic dominance (SD) relations are considered, specifically first order, second order, third order and SD generated by utility functions with decreasing absolute risk aversion. We conduct an analysis under two distributional assumptions: empirical and stable distribution of returns. Moreover, the investors for which non-dominated funds are the optimal choices are identified. Allowing for diversification, the efficiency of the PFs with respect to several types of SD is tested. Then, the observed behaviour of participants in the last quarter/year is compared to the results of SD analysis. Finally, the identified SD relations are stress-tested using data originating from a period of turmoil. Despite the focus on Lithuanian PFs, the methodology developed in this work can be employed by participants or PF managers in similar markets of other countries.
Field Recording and the Re-enchantment of the World: An Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Jamieson Daryl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNonfictional field recording is a genre of music (sound art) which offers a glimpse of art beyond our late-capitalist age. The ongoing ecocide which we, in a state of abject detachment, are witnessing and abetting calls out for artists to reconnect and reengage with the nonhuman world that has been deemed valueless by our civilization. Countering the disenchantment of nature wrought by scientism, human-centrism, and above all capitalism necessitates a dissolving of the barriers we set up between ourselves and our environment, a task which can be only accomplished via religion or art: an art—like field recording—which affords reconnecting its audience with the enchantment of the ignored world surrounding them. In this article, Toshiya Tsunoda’s exemplary Somashikiba (2016)—recorded in locations forgotten by civilization—will be examined via interpretive tools adapted from Ueda Shizuteru’s Kyoto School aesthetics and Takahashi Mutsuo’s poetics. Ueda’s philosophy offers a way of understanding perception which eliminates the subject-object division. Takahashi’s project of recovering the spirituality of place through poetry is a model of historically and politically engaged art. Looking, as these contemporary Japanese thinkers have done, to the precapitalist, pre-formalist past to rediscover (sound) art’s function as a medium which reconfigures the listener’s perception of reality, I argue for the urgency of sound art such as Tsunoda’s which aids in the re-enchantment of the world to a future beyond capitalist, humanist “civilization.”
Estimating Demand for Third-party Quality Testing in Rural Grain Markets: Evidence from an Experimental Auction for Measuring Moisture Content in Kenya
Authors: Fuller Amanda J , Ricker-Gilbert Jacob 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Traders in informal grain markets often lack incentives to sell grain dried to a moisture level that is safe for storage, due to weak regulations and lack of low-cost moisture testing technologies. This study estimated the demand for a third-party moisture testing service in western Kenya that can encourage safe drying and reduce asymmetric information between buyers and sellers. We utilised a Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) auction to obtain maize traders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the moisture testing service and compared it with two alternative multiple price list (MPL) mechanisms for eliciting WTP. Traders had the opportunity to bid on the testing service with two different moisture metres. The first was a low-cost hygrometer that measures temperature and relative humidity and costs about $2.50. The second was a commercial moisture metre that costs $170 in USA but provides a more precise reading. Results suggest that the standard BDM auction and both MPL variants produced similar estimates of demand for our moisture testing service. On average, traders were willing to pay $0.28 to have their maize tested with the hygrometer and $0.39 with the moisture metre. An additional take-it-or-leave-it auction for the hygrometer itself revealed that traders were not sensitive to price changes around market price, although only 15% of the traders purchased the device. A service provider model using either device could be a way to make moisture testing accessible in rural grain markets in the absence of a supply chain that sells these devices directly.
Changes in sexual function and serum testosterone levels in patients with prostate cancer after image-guided proton therapy
Authors: Hattori Yukiko , Iwata Hiromitsu , Nakajima Koichiro , Nomura Kento , Hayashi Kensuke , Toshito Toshiyuki , Hashimoto Shingo , Umemoto Yukihiro , Mizoe Jun-etsu , Ogino Hiroyuki , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince sexual function and testosterone levels after image-guided proton therapy (IGPT) have not yet been examined in detail, we prospectively evaluated changes before and after IGPT. Among patients treated with IGPT with or without combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy between February 2013 and September 2014, patients who agreed to participate in the study and were followed up for &gt;3 years after IGPT were evaluated. Serum testosterone levels were regularly measured together with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels before and after IGPT. The Erection Hardness Score (EHS) and the sexual domain summary, function subscale and bother subscale of the sexual domain in the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) were assessed. There were 38 low-risk, 46 intermediate-risk and 43 high- or very-high-risk patients (NCCN classification). Although serum testosterone levels in low-risk patients did not decrease after IGPT, reductions were observed in the average EHS and the sexual domain summary score of the EPIC. In intermediate-, high- and very-high-risk patients, testosterone and PSA levels both increased following the termination of CAB after IGPT, and the average EHS increased. The sexual domain summary score gradually increased, but not above minimally important differences. In intermediate-risk patients, the function subscale increased from 4.4 to 14.8 (P &lt; 0.05) 12 months after IGPT and reached a plateau after 60 months. The results of the present study would suggest the potential of IGPT, and further prospective studies to directly compare IGPT with other modalities are warranted.