bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of specification choices when analyzing sectoral productivity gaps
Authors: Merfeld Joshua D. , Brummund Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA consistent finding in the development literature is that average non‐farm labor productivity is higher than average farm labor productivity. These differences in average productivity are sometimes used to promote policies which advance the non‐farm sector. In this article, we analyze the importance of two specification choices when comparing productivity gaps, using detailed household panel data from Malawi. Importantly, we are able to calculate both average revenue products (ARPLs)—similar to most of the sectoral productivity gap literature—as well as marginal revenue products (MRPLs). We show that the choice of productivity measure combined with the choice of production function specification can lead to different sectoral productivity rankings. MRPLs from translog production functions suggest the household farm sector is more productive than the household non‐farm sector, while MRPLs from a Cobb‐Douglas and ARPLs from both a translog and a Cobb‐Douglas find the opposite ranking.
The impact of androgen deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in men treated for paraphilic disorder: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: De Landtsheer Anaïs , Bekaert Lieslinde , David Karel , Marcq Philippe , Jeandarme Inge , Decallonne Brigitte , Antonio Leen , Vanderschueren Dirk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines suggest treating men with paraphilic disorder with androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT). However, little evidence is available about the long‐term impact on bone loss and how to manage this adverse event.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of ADT on bone mineral density (BMD) in men treated for paraphilic disorder with the androgen receptor blocker cyproterone acetate (CPA) and/or GnRH agonist triptoreline (GnRHa) and to evaluate the effect of treatment with bisphosphonates.MethodsBaseline and follow‐up dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan (DXA‐scan) data (lumbar and femoral T‐scores) were retrospectively extracted from electronic medical files of paraphilic men who received CPA and/or GnRHa.ResultsA total of 53 patients with a mean age of 39.1 years (range 17.5–74.6) were included. Lumbar (−0.39 ± 0.17, Mean ± SEM, p = 0.046), femoral neck (−0.34 ± 0.09, p = 0.002) and total femur (−0.33 ± 0.12, p = 0.014) T‐scores decreased significantly in the CPA‐only group (n = 13) during a mean follow‐up of 6.0 ± 5.3 years. In the GnRHa group (n = 29), T‐scores at all sites decreased significantly over 6.6 ± 4.4 years (lumbar: −0.55 ± 0.12, p < 0.001, femoral neck: −0.53 ± 0.09, total femur: −0.44 ± 0.09, p < 0.001). In the group, who received bisphosphonates (n = 11), no significant T‐score change was observed (lumbar: −0.25 ± 0.14, p = 0.106, femoral neck −0.15 ± 0.17, p = 0.402, total femur −0.25 ± 0.14, p = 0.106) during 5.0 ± 2.8 years of follow‐up.Discussion and conclusionFollowing a mean duration of 6 years of ADT, we observed a significant decline in BMD of approximately half a standard deviation in T‐score at lumbar and femoral site. Although the number of patients who received bisphosphonates was limited, this treatment seems to have a positive stabilizing effect on bone density.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in COVID‐19 patients: Case series from the Brazilian COVID‐19 Registry
Authors: Ponce Daniela , de Carvalho Rafael Lima Rodrigues , Pires Magda Carvalho , Vianna Heloisa Reniers , Nogueira Matheus Carvalho Alves , Botoni Fernando Antonio , Aranha Fernando Graça , Costa André Soares de Moura , Vietta Giovanna Grunewald , Aranha Felipe Ferraz Martins Graça , Gomes Virginia Mara Reis , Etges Ana Paula Beck da Silva , de Sá Antonio Tolentino Nogueira , Pereira Polianna Delfino , Marcolino Milena Soriano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAround 5% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients develop critical disease, with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In these cases, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be considered when conventional therapy fails. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with ARDS refractory to lung‐protective ventilation and prone positioning on ECMO support, as well as to review the available literature on ECMO use and COVID‐19 patients’ outcome. Patients from this case series were selected from the Brazilian COVID‐19 Registry. From the 7646 patients included in the registry, only eight received ECMO support (0.1%), in four hospitals. The median age of the entire sample was 59 (interquartile range 54.2–64.4) years old and 87.5% were male. Hypertension (50.0%), diabetes mellitus (50.0%) and obesity (37.5%) were the most frequent comorbidities. The indications for ECMO were PaO2/FiO2 ratio <80 mm Hg for more than 6 h or PaO2/FiO2 ratio <60 mm Hg for more than 3 h. The mortality rate was 87.5%. In conclusion, in this case series of COVID‐19 patients with ARDS refractory to conventional therapy who received ECMO support, a very high mortality was observed. Our findings are not different from previous studies including a small number of patients; however, there is a huge difference from Extracorporeal Life Support Organization results, which encourages us to keep looking for improvement.
Superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm: Report of two cases and review
Authors: Saliba Elie , Goldberg Lynne J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuperficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of arterial injury developing on the forehead following blunt trauma. There is little written on this entity in the dermatopathology literature. We describe two cases of superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm in two men aged 53 and 25 years, one of whom had a recent history of head trauma. This report reviews the classic histopathologic findings of STA pseudoaneurysm and highlights ways to distinguish it from other entities in the differential diagnosis.
CD8+ mycosis fungoides with ichthyosiform clinical presentation and angiocentric feature
Authors: Ba Wei , Yang Henry (Hongyu) , Wang Wenjuan , Li Chengxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) is characterized by epidermotropic atypical lymphocytes infiltrate with α/β T‐helper memory immunophenotype (βF1+, CD3+, CD4+, CD45Ro+, and CD8−). Angiocentricity is always associated with aggressive behavior or poor outcome in primary or secondary cutaneous lymphomas. Rare cases of angiocentric MF with a T‐cytotoxic immunophenotype (CD3+, CD4−, CD8+, TIA‐1+) have been described. Here, we report a 27‐year‐old man diagnosed with MF, clinically presenting with ichthyosiform lesions on his trunk and limbs. Biopsy demonstrated a CD3+ and CD8+ atypical lymphocytic infiltrate with marked epidermotropism and angiocentricity. Awareness of this rare MF variant with unusual clinicopathological characteristics is important to avoid misdiagnosis.
Developmental changes in neural lateralization for visual‐spatial function: Evidence from a line‐bisection task
Authors: Ferrara Katrina , Seydell‐Greenwald Anna , Chambers Catherine E. , Newport Elissa L. , Landau Barbara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies of hemispheric specialization have traditionally cast the left hemisphere as specialized for language and the right hemisphere for spatial function. Much of the supporting evidence for this separation of function comes from studies of healthy adults and those who have sustained lesions to the right or left hemisphere. However, we know little about the developmental origins of lateralization. Recent evidence suggests that the young brain represents language bilaterally, with 4–6‐year‐olds activating the left‐hemisphere regions known to support language in adults as well as homotopic regions in the right hemisphere. This bilateral pattern changes over development, converging on left‐hemispheric activation in late childhood. In the present study, we ask whether this same developmental trajectory is observed in a spatial task that is strongly right‐lateralized in adults—the line bisection (or “Landmark”) task. We examined fMRI activation among children ages 5–11 years as they were asked to judge which end of a bisected vertical line was longer. We found that young children showed bilateral activation, with activation in the same areas of the right hemisphere as has been shown among adults, as well as in the left hemisphere homotopic regions. By age 10, activation was right‐lateralized. This strongly resembles the developmental trajectory for language, moving from bilateral to lateralized activation. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and suggest that understanding the development of lateralization for a range of cognitive functions can play a crucial role in understanding general principles of how and why the brain comes to lateralize certain functions.
Mathematical performance in childhood and early adult outcomes after very preterm birth: an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Jaekel Julia , Anderson Peter J , Bartmann Peter , Cheong Jeanie L Y , Doyle Lex W , Hack Maureen , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Saigal Saroj , Schmidt Louis , Sullivan Mary C , Wolke Dieter 
Published: December 2021

AimTo investigate the strength of the independent associations of mathematics performance in children born very preterm (<32wks' gestation or <1500g birthweight) with attending postsecondary education and their current employment status in young adulthood.MethodWe harmonized data from six very preterm birth cohorts from five different countries and carried out one‐stage individual participant data meta‐analyses (n=954, 52% female) using mixed effects logistic regression models. Mathematics scores at 8 to 11 years of age were z‐standardized using contemporary cohort‐specific controls. Outcomes included any postsecondary education, and employment/education status in young adulthood. All models were adjusted for year of birth, gestational age, sex, maternal education, and IQ in childhood.ResultsHigher mathematics performance in childhood was independently associated with having attended any postsecondary education (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase in mathematics z‐score: 1.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.03, 1.79]) but not with current employment/education status (OR 1.14 per SD increase [95% CI: 0.87, 1.48]).InterpretationAmong populations born very preterm, childhood mathematics performance is important for adult educational attainment, but not for employment status.
Gut content metabarcoding of three widespread Iberian ant‐eating spiders reveals specialisation on the same abundant harvester ants
Authors: Ortiz David , Petráková Dušátková Lenka , Pekár Stano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Trophic specialists often follow unique evolutionary pathways, show potential applications in biological control, and suffer from increased ecological vulnerability. The myrmecophagous spider genus Zodarion, highly diversified across the Mediterranean, is among the few predatory groups showing strict stenophagy. Most Zodarion species display narrow distributions, but a few of them occur across hundreds to thousands of kilometres, raising questions on the causes of their comparatively higher distributional success.
In this study, through extensive geographic sampling and the metabarcoding of gut contents, we explored the diets of the three most widely distributed Iberian species of Zodarion: Zodarion alacre and the two lineages of Zodarion styliferum.
Our data support the three species as strictly myrmecophagous, showing diets largely based on the granivorous Messor ants. Auxiliary prey includes other ants of the subfamilies Myrmicinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae. The diet breadth of both Z. styliferum lineages was slightly narrower than that of Z. alacre, coinciding with their higher physiological and behavioural efficiency for predating on Messor.
We discard that the relatively large distribution range of our three focal Zodarion species is related to breaking the boundaries of myrmecophagy, and instead argue that such success could be favoured by their specialisation on Messor ants, which are also abundant and widespread across the Iberian Peninsula.
Benefits and costs of social foraging in velvet worms
Authors: Herringe Caragh A. , Middleton Eliza J. , Boyd Kelsey C. , Latty Tanya , White Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGroup living is ubiquitous in nature, and social foraging is among the common forms of cooperative behaviour in animals. Understanding the evolution and maintenance of social foraging requires knowledge of the underlying benefits and costs to group members, though these are only known for few model taxa, which often lie at the extremes of social organisation. Here, we experimentally examined hypothesised benefits and costs of social foraging in the velvet wormEuperipatoides rowelli; the only Onychophoran currently known to live and forage in groups. To explore benefits, we tested the effects of natural group size and controlled prey size on the latency to attack and begin consuming prey, the likelihood of complete prey consumption and the time taken to completely consume prey. Our focal cost was aggressive intraspecific interactions in the form of biting, kicking and striking, which may present a particular risk to soft‐bodied velvet worms. As predicted, we found a positive scaling of most effects with the size of foraging groups. Larger groups were faster to attack and begin consuming prey, and more likely to completely consume prey, though they took longer to do so. This may be a consequence of the increasing representation of juveniles in larger aggregations. However, larger groups were also subject to heightened aggression among conspecifics, though is it unclear whether such a cost holds at the level of individual group members. Variation in prey size and, hence, resource availability had little effect across all outcomes, except for a slightly reduced likelihood of completely consuming larger prey. A time‐course analysis of individual activity suggested the existence of feeding hierarchies with adults excluding juveniles, particularly when resources are scarce. Taken together, our results offer the first support for the existence of foraging benefits and costs to group membership inE. rowelli, which may contribute to the maintenance of group living in this evolutionary significant taxon.
Improved grey‐level correlation feature and neural network model for medical resource requirement prediction
Authors: Teng Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the country's general practitioner training system is constantly improving, problems such as large requirement gaps, low specialization, unfair resource allocation, and uneven regional distribution still exist. In order to promote the improvement of the general practitioner system, to solve the problems of low accuracy and poor robustness of the existing models for medical resource requirement prediction, this paper proposes a combination of grey‐scale prediction features and back propogation algorithm (BP) neural network medical resource requirement prediction algorithm. The algorithm first uses the principal component analysis algorithm to solve the principal components of the medical resource requirement influencing factors, then extracts the equal‐dimensional dynamic grey‐level optimization model grey prediction features of the principal component score, and finally inputs the features into the BP neural network to complete the medical resource requirement prediction. Subsequently, a large number of comparative experiments were carried out on the algorithm proposed in this paper using the medical resource requirement of a certain province as a data set. The experimental results have shown that the comprehensive improvement model proposed in this paper has the best effect in predicting the requirement of medical resources, which contains strong robustness and stability. The algorithm is suitable for the needs of medical resources at this stage. Predicting on the above has strong practical significance in many scenarios by using the proposed algorithm.
Mixed‐mode stress intensity factors via centrally cracked Brazilian disc with wide‐range controlling parameters
Authors: Hammouda Mohammad M. I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work determines analytically normalized mode I and mode II stress intensity factor (SIF) of a Brazilian disc having a central inclined crack with smooth surfaces. Two basic types of loading are considered: (1) partial compression with uniform pressure and (2) two‐force diametric compression with confining pressure. The present analysis is based on a widely used published solution of the SIFs of the cracked disc as a result of applying two‐force diametric compression. Wide‐range parameters controlling the behavior of the disc are considered. The parameters involve relative crack length, crack inclination, half‐pressure angle, and confining pressure. The conditions required for transmitting from mixed‐mode I/II loading to pure mode II loading are well defined. Good agreement has been generally obtained with relevant results found in the literature.
Thermally insulating GdBO3 ceramics with neutron shielding performance
Authors: Dong Cheng , Li Yuanbing , Li Shujing , Jia Wenbao , Chen Ruoyu , Lao Dong , Xia Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent demand for multifunctional insulation materials with neutron shielding ability that can be particularly used in the nuclear energy system. GdBO3 ceramics are one of the candidates for such materials. In this study, GdBO3 ceramics were successfully synthesized using a simple solid‐phase method. The effect of boric acid content on the micro and macro properties of GdBO3 ceramics was explored. The experimental results indicate that the thermal conductivity of the resulting GdBO3 ceramics ranged from .12 to .68 W/(m⋅K), and lower thermal conductivity was achieved with smaller pore size and higher apparent porosity of the sintered product. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the samples in multiple temperature ranges can be improved by increasing boric acid content. Finally, neutron shielding permeability study, performed on the samples in different thicknesses, reveal that GdBO3 ceramics possessed excellent neutron shielding performance (NSP). The obtained results manifest that GdBO3 ceramics with outstanding heat insulation and NSP have a potential application in a nuclear reactor.
Factors influencing the coping strategies of liver cancer patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Chen Su‐Chih , Wu Shu‐Fang , Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Rosenberg John , Lu Yu‐Ying , Liang Shu‐Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study explored the association between social support, resilience and coping strategies among patients with liver cancer and evaluated the extent to which patients' use of various coping strategies can be explained by social support and resilience.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised 119 patients who experienced transarterial chemoembolization related to liver cancer and who completed the Social Support Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Ways of Coping Checklist‐Revised.ResultsResults indicated a significant positive correlation between social support and use of problem‐focused coping strategies and overall coping strategies. In addition, results showed a significant positive correlation between resilience and use of problem‐focused strategies, emotion‐focused strategies and overall coping strategies. Social support accounted for 14% of variance in use of problem‐focused strategies and 7.6% of the variance in overall coping strategies. Resilience accounted for 30.5% of the variance in use of problem‐focused strategies, 8.5% in use of emotion‐focused strategies and 21.6% of overall coping strategies.ConclusionResults of this study highlight the importance of social support and resilience in patients' coping strategies related to liver cancer treatment.
Infant intakes of human milk branched chain amino acids are negatively associated with infant growth and influenced by maternal body mass index
Authors: Saben Jessica L. , Sims Clark R. , Pack Lindsay , Lan Renny , Børsheim Elisabet , Andres Aline 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs: isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: phenylalanine and tyrosine) are hypothesized to influence early‐life obesity risk.ObjectiveTo assess HM free amino acid (AA) concentrations and infant intakes of HM AAs from women with obesity (OB) compared to those with normal weight (NW) and determine the relationships between HM AA consumption and infant growth.MethodsHM samples were collected at 0.5 (n = 151), 2 (n = 129), and 6 (n = 93) months postpartum from mothers with NW (body mass index [BMI] = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and OB (BMI > 30 kg/m2). HM AAs were quantified via mass spectrometry. Infant HM intake, anthropometrics and body composition were assessed. Linear mixed‐effects models (LMEM) examined the relationships between maternal BMI and HM AA intakes, and HM AA intake and infant growth over the first 6 months postpartum after adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics.ResultsMaternal BMI was positively associated with infant intakes of isoleucine, leucine, and AAAs across timepoints. HM AA intakes were positively associated with weight‐for‐length z‐score, fat mass index, and fat‐free mass index in infants (p < 0.05).ConclusionsMaternal BMI led to differences in HM AA composition, which was associated with infant body composition.
Evaluation of Zn‐substituted La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 ceramics as functional materials for thick‐film resistors
Authors: Lu Yongcheng , Peng Rui , Li Yuanxun , Li Fuyu , Zhang Yuanjing , Chen Daming , Wen Qiye , Yang Qinghui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the evaluation of La0.5Sr0.5Co1‐xZnxO3 (LSCZ, x = 0.00–0.10) ceramics as an air‐fireable and economical functional material for thick film resistors. Solid‐state reaction experiments and first‐principles calculations were conducted to investigate the crystal structure, thermal behaviors, and electrical properties of LSCZ ceramics. The substitution of Zn2+ modified the bond properties, electron distribution, and band structure, resulting in more serious structural deformation, increasing the bond population of Co–O and weakening the charge transfer of LSCZ. Experimental results showed that the addition of Zn2+ lowered the densification temperature, activation energy, and crystallite size. As the ratio of Zn2+ increased, the conductivity and temperature coefficient of resistance showed a downward trend. Impedance variation with frequency and thermal aging tests were also performed. For the x = 0.05 specimen sintered at 1200°C, values of 95.5% for relative density, 2857 S/cm for conductivity, 1267 ppm/°C for temperature coefficient of resistance, –0.47% for conductivity change could be achieved.