bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root functional traits explain root exudation rate and composition across a range of grassland species
Authors: Williams Alex , Langridge Holly , Straathof Angela L. , Muhamadali Howbeer , Hollywood Katherine A. , Goodacre Royston , de Vries Franciska T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Plant root exudation is a crucial means through which plants communicate with soil microbes and influence rhizosphere processes. Exudation can also underlie ecosystem response to changing environmental conditions. Different plant species vary in their root exudate quantity and quality, but our understanding of the plant characteristics that drive these differences is fragmentary. We hypothesised that root exudates would be under phylogenetic control and fit within an exploitative root nutrient uptake strategy, specifically that high rates of root exudation would link to root traits indicative of exploitative growth.

We collected root exudates from plants grown in field soil, as well as leachates of the entire plant–soil system, to assess both the quantity and quality of root exudates, and their interaction with the soil metabolome, across 18 common grassland species.

We found that exudation varied with plant functional group and that differences were trait dependent. Particularly, root diameter, root tissue density and root nitrogen content explained much of the variation in exudate metabolome, along with plant phylogeny. Specific root exudation rate was highest in forbs and was negatively correlated with root tissue density, a trait indicative of conservative resource‐use strategy, and positively correlated with root diameter, which is associated with microbial collaboration and resource uptake ‘outsourcing’.

Synthesis. We provide novel insight into species‐specific differences in root exudates and identify root functional traits that might underlie these differences. Our results show that root exudation fits, although not entirely, within current models of the root economic space, with strong positive relationships to outsourcing traits like high root diameter. Determining the role of root exudates as a key facet of the resource‐outsourcing strategy necessitates further research into the fundamental controls on root exudation quantity and quality, particularly during environmental change.
Biodiversity facets affect community surface temperature via 3D canopy structure in grassland communities
Authors: Guimarães‐Steinicke Claudia , Weigelt Alexandra , Proulx Raphaël , Lanners Thomas , Eisenhauer Nico , Duque‐Lazo Joaquín , Reu Björn , Roscher Christiane , Wagg Cameron , Buchmann Nina , Wirth Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCanopy structure is an important driver of the energy budget of grassland ecosystem and is, at the same time, altered by plant diversity. Diverse plant communities typically have taller and more densely packed canopies than less diverse communities. With this, they absorb more radiation, have a higher transpiring leaf surface and are better coupled to the atmosphere which leads to cooler canopy surfaces. However, whether plant diversity generally translates into a cooling potential remains unclear and lacks empirical evidence. Here, we assessed how functional identity, functional diversity and species richness of grassland communities in the Jena Experiment predict the mean and variation of plant surface temperature mediated via effects of canopy structure.Using terrestrial laser scanning, we estimated canopy structure describing metrics of vertical structure (mean height, LAI), the distribution (evenness) and the highest allocation (centre of gravity) of biomass along height strata. As metrics of horizontal structure, we considered community stand gaps, canopy surface variation and emergent flowers. We measured surface temperature with a thermal camera. We used SEM models to predict biodiversity effects on the surface temperature during two seasonal peaks of biomass.Before the first cut in May, herb‐dominated communities directly promoted lower leaf surface temperatures. However, communities with lower centre of gravity (mostly herb dominated) also increased canopy surface temperatures compared with grass‐dominated communities with higher biomass stored in the top canopy. Grass‐dominated communities showed a smaller variation of surface temperatures, which was also positively affected by species richness via an increase in mean height. In August, mean surface temperature decreased with increasing community CC and LAI. The variation of surface temperature was greater in herb‐dominated than in grass‐dominated communities and increased with plant species richness (direct effects).Synthesis. The mean and variation of canopy surface temperature were driven by differences in functional group composition (herbs‐ vs. grass dominance) and to a lesser extent by plant diversity. These effects were partly mediated the metrics of canopy structure but also by direct effects unrelated to the structural metrics considered.
Bringing sexuality out of the closet: What can we learn from occupational therapists who successfully address the area of sexuality in everyday practice?
Authors: O’Mullan Cathy , O’Reilly Maria , Meredith Pamela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSex has been recognised as an activity of daily living, and sexuality as an important part of our identity, with implications for our self‐esteem and quality of life. Although this brings sex and sexuality within the scope of occupational therapy practice, empirical and anecdotal information suggests that neither are routinely included in therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of therapists who are comfortable addressing sex and sexuality in practice, with a view to influencing future research and practice. The research question posed was as follows: “What can we learn from occupational therapists who successfully address the area of sexuality in everyday practice?”MethodsInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore the research question. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 Australian occupational therapists who were purposively recruited. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed following the guidelines for IPA data analysis.ResultsFour master themes and five sub‐themes emerged from the analysis and are discussed under the following headings: sexuality matters; know your boundaries; just do it; and seek support and mentoring. The themes provide insight into how occupational therapists successfully integrate sexuality into everyday practice.ConclusionAccording to the participants in this study, addressing sex and sexuality during therapy is part of providing holistic client‐centred care. With clear personal and professional boundaries, occupational therapists can address sexuality within routine practice utilising core occupational therapy skills, such as communication, collaborative problem solving, pacing, positioning, and adaptive equipment. Furthermore, participants demonstrated that this can be done within a range of settings. It starts with a commitment and the motivation to find a way.
How can collaborative practices be supported in an era of new public governance? Lessons from an education initiative
Authors: Noone Jack , Salignac Fanny , Saunders Isabella 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe changing nature of organisations in the public sector means that collaboration is an imperative for many. However, we still know little about how collaborations operate in practice. Those stewarding collaborations need this knowledge to provide effective support. In this article, we are interested in applying Salignac et al.’s Collaboration Health Assessment Tool (CHAT) framework to a live collaboration initiative to better understand the factors, chain of events, and actions that lead to ‘healthy’ collaboration. We conducted interviews with stakeholders from a collaboration initiative involved in the implementation of an education participation program. Findings from our qualitative analysis suggest the initial design stage to be of critical importance. Ultimately, our research provides an example of how CHAT can be used to identify dimensions of collaboration that are, or are not, working well for an initiative and how partner organisations can use systems thinking to understand how their collaboration functions to better address the issues that they face.
Modeling allelic analyte signals for aSTRs in NGS DNA profiles
Authors: Cheng Kevin , Lin Meng‐Han , Moreno Lilliana , Skillman Jessica , Hickey Stephanie , Cuenca Daniela , Hudlow William R. , Just Rebecca , Bright Jo‐Anne , Buckleton John , Curran James M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe an adaption of Bright et al.’s work modeling peak height variability in CE‐DNA profiles to the modeling of allelic aSTR (autosomal short tandem repeats) read counts from NGS‐DNA profiles, specifically for profiles generated from the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit, DNA Primer Mix B. Bright et al.’s model consists of three key components within the estimation of total allelic product—template, locus‐specific amplification efficiencies, and degradation. In this work, we investigated the two mass parameters—template and locus‐specific amplification efficiencies—and used MLE (maximum likelihood estimation) and MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) methods to obtain point estimates to calculate the total allelic product. The expected read counts for alleles were then calculated after proportioning some of the expected stutter product from the total allelic product. Due to preferential amplicon selection introduced by the sample purification beads, degradation is difficult to model from the aSTR outputs alone. Improved modeling of the locus‐specific amplification efficiencies may mask the effects of degradation. Whilst this model could be improved by introducing locus specific variances in addition to locus specific priors, our results demonstrate the suitability of adapting Bright et al.’s allele peak height model for NGS‐DNA profiles. This model could be incorporated into continuous probabilistic interpretation approaches for mixed DNA profiles.
Differentiating Pu‐erh raw tea from different geographical origins by1H‐NMR and U‐HPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS combined with chemometrics
Authors: Wu Xia , Liu Ying , Guo Jieqing , Wang Juanxia , Li Meizhen , Tan Youzhen , Zheng Qifan , Feng Yifan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPu‐erh tea is believed to be a beneficial beverage for health due to its many kinds of pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, detailed information related to differences in metabolites of Pu‐erh raw tea from different geographical origins remains scarce. In this study, 43 elements were found in water‐soluble components of Pu‐erh raw tea by highly sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (U‐HPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS). The characteristic groups of 29 metabolites from nondestructive proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy were assigned. The variables contributed largely to the origin classification, mainly including valine, threonine, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, epiafzelechin, and gallic acid ester, were screened out by sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS‐DA) method. This study provided a feasible and rapid technique for distinguishing Pu‐erh tea from different areas by1H‐NMR combined with sPLS‐DA.
Osteosarcoma of the anterior maxilla mimicking a periapical pathology: A case report
Authors: Pires Mariana Domingos , Martins Jorge N. R. , Dias Gonçalo Seguro , Doutel Delfim , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOsteosarcomas of the jaws (OSJ) are difficult to diagnose, rare malignant lesions, with uncharacteristic radiographic and clinical presentation. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve long‐term prognosis. The current report presents a rare case of a primary conventional osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the anterior maxilla in a 25‐year‐old female. She presented to a private dental clinic after developing pain, facial oedema and palpation tenderness of a mass associated with the upper right lateral incisor. The signs and symptoms mimicked very closely a regular radiolucent and symptomatic periapical pathology, and the definitive diagnosis was only possible through a combination of clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings. The patient was referred to an oncology facility, where she was submitted to radical excision surgery through a hemi‐maxillectomy. Although other pathologies are uncommon, the differential diagnosis of lesions compatible with odontogenic periapical pathology should not be neglected.
Effect of injectable progestin‐only contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate, on cytokine production during T‐cell activation
Authors: Matubu Allen T. , Hillier Sharon L. , Meyn Leslie A. , Stoner Kevin A. , Mhlanga Felix , Mbizvo Mike , Maramba Aaron , Chirenje Zvavahera M. , Achilles Sharon L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProblemThere is paucity of human data about the effects of depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) and norethisterone enanthate (Net‐En) use on systemic immune function, which may have implications for reproductive tract infection susceptibility and transmissibility. We sought to evaluate the impact of injectable contraceptive use on T‐cell responsiveness using T cells exposed in vivo and tested ex vivo.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from healthy, HIV‐negative women after 30, 90 and 180 days of DMPA, norethisterone enanthate (Net‐En) or copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) contraceptive use. Cells were stimulated ex vivo with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin, stained and analysed using flow cytometry. Mixed‐effects linear models were used to evaluate change in proportions of T cells producing IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐4 and IL‐13.ResultsCompared with baseline, decreased proportions of IFN‐γ–producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p = .003, p = .006, respectively) and TNF‐α–producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p = .039, p = .034, respectively) were observed after 180 days of DMPA use. Decreased IL‐4–producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p = .045 and p = .024, respectively) were noted after 180 days of Net‐En use. Decreased IL‐4–producing CD4+ T cells were observed after 30 days (p = .035) and not after 180 days of DMPA use (p = .49). There were no changes in proportion of T cells producing IL‐13 in DMPA users, nor any changes in IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐13 in Net‐En and Cu‐IUD users.ConclusionIn vivo exposure of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to typical pharmacologic concentrations of DMPA does not cause broad suppression to stimuli; however, depletion of specific cytokine‐producing T cells may occur after prolonged DMPA use.
Trust amid “trust deficit”
Authors: SARAF ADITI 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn Kashmir, traders used the term “trust deficit” both to refer to the lack of faith in the Indian state, and to the mistrust that tinged credit transactions within their own community. Although trust‐based informal credit had been undermined by political violence and mistrust, it remained the basis of capital and commodity circulation in the marketplace, challenging normative assumptions of trust as a prerequisite for credit. The concept of reflective improvidence illuminates how traders maintained economic relations amid violence and volatility by deviating from traditional practices of forecast that are commonly drawn on to determine credit transactions. Instead, the open temporal dynamic between trust and credit emerged as a site where traders transformed commercial and political relations in the flux of war and uncertain futures. Traders forged collectivities that, however tenuous, resisted the communalized narratives that sought to frame the Kashmir conflict. [violence, commerce, trust, credit, frontiers, war economy, Srinagar, Kashmir]
Gallbladder carcinoma outcomes in an Australian tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Wietsma Marianne F. T. , Molloy Charles , Bhimani Nazim , de Savornin Lohman Elise A. J. , Gill Anthony J. , Andrici Juliana , Samra Jaswinder , de Reuver Philip R. , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the presentation, treatment, and long‐term outcomes of patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) managed in a surgical unit of an Australian tertiary referral hospital of a 19‐year period.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients with GBC managed in the Royal North Shore Upper GI Surgical department from October 1999 to March 2018.ResultsA total of 104 patients with GBC were identified: 36 patients underwent palliative treatment, 61 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma underwent resection with curative intent. Seven patients were excluded. ‘Simple cholecystectomy’ was undertaken in eight patients, ‘standard radical cholecystectomy’ in 37 and ‘extended radical resection’ in 16. The median survival in these patients was 35 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.29–55.10), with a median follow up of 60 months (95% CI 38.18–78.39). This compares with an overall median survival of only 4.00 months (95% CI 2.79–6.24) in patients who did not undergo a potentially curative resection. Independent predictors of poor long‐term survival included an elevated preoperative serum tumour marker, advanced tumour stage (T3/T4) or node positive disease (N1/N2).ConclusionThe biology and stage of GBC at presentation are major factors in determining patient outcome. There is a need for better pre‐ and post‐operative predictors to improve risk stratification, and these are likely to be in the form of molecular markers. Although the focus of surgery should be to ensure an R0 resection, patients with advanced stage disease need to be carefully selected for surgical intervention, and ideally should be managed by a multidisciplinary team in a specialist centre.
Relationship status and mental and physical health among Polish and American young adults: The role of relationship satisfaction and satisfaction with relationship status
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna , Barr Ashley B. , Segrin Chris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is growing recognition that relationship factors besides relationship status play an important role in young adults’ mental and physical health. This study explored the concurrent (between‐individual) and longitudinal (within‐individual) associations between relationship status, relationship satisfaction, satisfaction with relationship status, and varied dimensions of health in samples of Polish and U.S. young adults. Data from young adults (aged 18–34 at Wave 1) were collected in a three‐wave investigation in Poland and in the USA with one‐year intervals between each of the measurements. The cross‐sectional analyses demonstrated that individuals in relationships reported better health, particularly if they were in a higher‐quality relationship. The fixed‐effects models showed that relationship quality was a much more consistent and powerful predictor of health than was relationship status; however, for depression, satisfaction with relationship status was an independent contributor to health. Cross‐cultural analyses revealed a stronger link between partner status and depression and emotional well‐being, and relationship satisfaction and psychological well‐being among Polish young adults than their American counterparts. The results demonstrated that characteristics of relationships and satisfaction with relationship status matter more for changes in health than relationship status alone and that these links may differ by cultural context.
Effectiveness of NoiBene: A Web‐based programme to promote psychological well‐being and prevent psychological distress in university students
Authors: Di Consiglio Micaela , Fabrizi Gloria , Conversi David , La Torre Giuseppe , Pascucci Tiziana , Lombardo Caterina , Violani Cristiano , Couyoumdjian Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMental health problems are very common among university students. NoiBene is an evidence‐based intervention for the promotion of well‐being and the prevention of psychological distress among university students. NoiBene was tested in two studies. In study 1, a randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of NoiBene on students’ well‐being, emotional awareness, emotion regulation and assertiveness. The degree of satisfaction with the intervention was also investigated. Students (n = 24) were assigned to either the NoiBene programme or a control condition. In study 2, to confirm the usefulness of NoiBene, we analysed data from the current use of NoiBene (n = 178). The effectiveness of NoiBene on transdiagnostic mechanisms (perfectionism, repetitive thinking and experiential avoidance) was also investigated. In study 1, NoiBene improved self‐acceptance and increased the ability to identify feelings. Students reported a good level of perceived usefulness. In study 2, the results confirmed findings from the first study and suggested that NoiBene can improve emotional awareness and decrease transdiagnostic mechanisms. NoiBene is a promising tool that can improve students' psychological well‐being. More control studies are mandatory.
Identifying factors that contribute to military veterans’ post‐military well‐being
Authors: Vogt Dawne , King Matthew W. , Borowski Shelby , Finley Erin P. , Perkins Daniel F. , Copeland Laurel A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrior research has examined the independent effects of demographic and military characteristics, trauma history, and coping resources on military veterans’ health. However, there is limited knowledge of how these factors intersect with one another and with veterans’ health to impact their broader well‐being as they readjust to civilian life. Data for this study were drawn from a longitudinal investigation of the health and broader well‐being of U.S. veterans (N = 7150) who had recently left military service. Machine learning analyses (random forests of regression trees) were used to examine how factors assessed shortly after military separation were associated with veterans’ well‐being approximately a year later. Veterans who endorsed the combination of low depression, high social support, and high psychological resilience were most likely to report high well‐being a year later. Neither demographic and military characteristics nor trauma history emerged as strong predictors of veterans’ well‐being when considered in the context of other factors. Although most predictors were similar for women and men, depression was a stronger predictor of women's well‐being. Results highlight the importance of screening for and intervening with veterans who report high depression, low social support, and low psychological resilience when leaving military service. These findings can inform efforts to promote veterans’ post‐military well‐being.