bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection with cardiogenic shock: How frequent is it? How should we treat it?
Authors: Smith Timothy , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: January 2021

Key Points
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) may represent 1–2% of all STEMI and 20–25% of STEMI in women <50.
Cardiogenic shock is relatively low (2–3%) in the overall SCAD population but may occur in up to 25% of SCAD patients with STEMI.
The ideal treatment for a SCAD patient with cardiogenic shock requires thoughtful patient specific‐management decisions in regards to both the choice of revascularization and the choice of mechanical circulatory support. When treated appropriately these patients have excellent long‐term outcome, with mortality lower than STEMI or cardiogenic shock related to atherosclerosis.
Feasibility of transcatheter closure for absent aortic rim in patients with atrial septal defect
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Akagi Teiji , Nakagawa Koji , Nakayama Rie , Miki Takashi , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in patients with absent aortic rim.BackgroundThe indication of transcatheter closure for ASD with absent aortic rim is controversial.MethodsWe enrolled 547 patients with ASD who were scheduled for transcatheter closure. Morphologies of aortic rim were evaluated using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).ResultsAortic rim of <5 mm was observed in 396 (72%) patients; 128 (23%) had absent aortic rim of 0 mm, and 268 (49%) had deficient aortic rim of >0 to <5 mm. Patients with absent aortic rim frequently had aortic rim absence at an angle of 0° on TEE and septal malalignment. Of the 128 patients with absent aortic rim, 126 (98%) successfully underwent transcatheter closure, while 2 (2%) failed transcatheter closure due to a large defect with severe septal malalignment. The success rate of transcatheter closure was similar between patients with absent aortic rim and those with deficient aortic rim (98% vs. 99%, p = .45). After the procedure, no patients had erosion or device embolization during a median follow‐up of 24 months.ConclusionsTranscatheter closure was successfully performed without adverse events in patients with absent aortic rim, as well as in those with deficient aortic rim. Our findings can be valuable to determine the indication of transcatheter closure in patients with ASD.
Tricuspid regurgitation after transcatheter mitral valve repair: Clinical course and impact on outcome
Authors: Meijerink Frank , Koch Karel T. , de Winter Robbert J. , Robbers‐Visser Daniëlle , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Holierook Marja , Baan Jan , Bouma Berto J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the course of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR), identify predictors for severe TR after TMVR and determine the association of severe TR after TMVR with outcome.BackgroundTR is often present in patients with symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The clinical course of TR after TMVR has not been clearly determined.MethodsPatients that underwent TMVR between 2009 and 2017 were included. Clinical data were compared between patients with and without severe TR at 6 months after TMVR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for severe TR after TMVR. Survival analysis was done for both groups, using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 146 patients were included (mean age 76 years, 51% male, 79% New York Heart Association class ≥3 and 29% severe TR at baseline).Advanced age, atrial fibrillation (AF), right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and limited procedural MR reduction were revealed as independent predictors for severe TR after TMVR. Survival of patients with severe TR after TMVR was 58% after 2 years compared to 82% for those with non, mild or moderate TR.ConclusionsSevere TR after TMVR is common in patients at advanced age, those with AF, RV dysfunction and limited MR reduction during TMVR and is associated with impaired survival. As the associated parameters are indicators of longstanding MR, research investigating the benefits of earlier intervention in MR should be initiated.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroboration of Ketones
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Park Sehoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed asymmetric reduction of unsaturated functions is a highly useful and fundamental transformation to give diverse chiral synthons. In particular, the enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones is of great synthetic interest, since it can provide optically active chiral alcohols which have wide applications in organic synthesis, materials science, and pharmaceutical chemistry. Numerous and diverse metal catalytic systems for asymmetric hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of ketones extensively evolved in terms of activity, selectivity, and practicality, while only limited varieties of metal catalysts for the asymmetrichydroborationhad been documented until 2010.Diverseandnewmetal complexes with a range of multi‐dentate chiral ligands have recently emerged as catalysts for the enantioselective ketone hydroboration, which are highly differentiated from the precedence in several aspects. This Minireview summarizes recent examples of the metal catalyst systems for the asymmetric hydroboration of ketones published from 2015 to 2020. Diverse catalytic working modes involved in a process of enantiodifferentiating hydride transfer, are discussed with a strong emphasis on the steric and electronic effects of chiral ligands.
A Synthetic Strategy for Cofacial Porphyrin‐Based Homo‐ and Heterobimetallic Complexes
Authors: Schissler Christoph , Schneider Erik K. , Felker Benjamin , Weis Patrick , Nieger Martin , Kappes Manfred M. , Bräse Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a straightforward and generally applicable synthesis route for cofacially linked homo‐ and heterobimetallic porphyrin complexes. The protocol allows the synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl‐based meso‐meso as well as β‐meso‐linked porphyrins. Our method significantly increases the overall yield for the published compound known as o‐phenylene‐bisporphyrin (OBBP) by a factor of 6.8. Besides the synthesis of 16 novel homobimetallic complexes containing MnIII, FeIII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and PdII, we achieved the first single‐crystal X‐ray structure of an unsymmetrical cofacial benzene‐linked porphyrin dimer containing both planar‐chiral enantiomers of a NiII2 complex. Additionally, this new methodology allows access to heterobimetallic complexes such as the FeIII‐NiII containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase active site analogue. The isolated species were investigated by various techniques, including ion mobility spectrometry, DFT calculations, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. This allowed us to probe the influence of interplane distance on Soret band splitting.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Cyclopentyl‐Substituted Cucurbit[n]uril with Fe3+, Fe2+, and HClO4 Based on Outer Surface Interaction
Authors: Zheng Jun , Zhao Wei Wei , Meng Ye , Jin Yan Mei , Gao Jie , Ma Pei Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe supramolecular self‐assembly of the outer surface of cucurbit[n]uril is one of the main areas of focus in cucurbit[n]uril chemistry. The crystal structure is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and characterized. This work focuses on the supramolecular self‐assembly between CyP5Q[5], FeCl2, FeCl3 and CyP6Q[6] and HClO4 through the interaction of the outer surface.
Time‐to‐digital converters—A comprehensive review
Authors: Mattada Mahantesh P. , Guhilot Hansraj 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis work presents a comprehensive literature review on different topologies of time‐to‐digital converters (TDCs). A brief history, applications, classification, characterization, and working principle of each TDC are mentioned. A survey of both Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application‐Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) architectures is covered. The trade‐off with respect to applications, pros, and cons of different architectures and future scope of TDC as an alternative data converter is also explored.
A detailed introduction of different beamforming techniques used in 5G
Authors: Bindle Abhay , Gulati Tarun , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe arrival of high‐speed internet facility such as the mmWave system or more commonly known as 5G wireless network is a prime impetus that is expected to be the driver for radical transformation in current communication methods. Apart from the numerous applications, an area where 5G is expected to be a game‐changer is the vehicle‐to‐everything or V2X network. This technology uses a road side unit (RSU) which provides wireless connectivity to vehicles, pedestrians, and so on, which may be either stationary or mobile so that their exact location can be known in real time. Researchers have demonstrated experimentally that 4G connectivity with such RSUs can provide a reliable low latency network for certain applications. For instance, for near‐perfect localization of each connected objects on the map, there is a need to stream GPS data, process semantic information from videos continually using computer vision. While these are simply for locating vehicles in real time so that road accident can be prevented. They are also the host of other features such as entertainment, health monitors, and mobile office that can be integrated inside a moving vehicle. To address the issues massive multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO), communication can be realized by using hybrid transceivers which uses a setup consisting of high‐dimensional analog phase shifters and power amplifier with dimensional digital signal processing units having low power. It is therefore vital to choose an apt beamforming design that will run on low energy. A comparison of different varieties of beamforming methodologies for determining the most efficient massive MIMO network is carried out here.
Neuroprotective mechanisms of mangiferin in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Liu Tingjun , Song Yuanjian , Hu Ankang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) regulates and coordinates an extensive array of complex processes requiring harmonious regulation of specific genes. CNS disorders represent a large burden on society and cause enormous disability and economic losses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for many years in the treatment of neurological illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and depression, as the combination of TCM and Western medicine has superior therapeutic efficacy and minimal toxic side effects. Mangiferin (MGF) is an active compound of the traditional Chinese herb rhizome anemarrhenae, which has antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, anti‐lipid peroxidation, immunomodulatory, and anti‐apoptotic functions in the CNS. MGF has been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in CNS diseases through a multitude of mechanisms. This review outlines the latest research on the neuroprotective ability of MGF and the diverse molecular mechanisms involved.
Food addiction comorbid to mental disorders: A nationwide survey and register‐based study
Authors: Horsager Christina , Færk Emil , Lauritsen Marlene Briciet , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveSubstance use disorder is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders. However, it remains largely unknown whether this is also the case for “food addiction”—a phenotype characterized by an addiction‐like attraction to predominantly highly processed foods with a high content of refined carbohydrates and fat. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to estimate the weighted prevalence of food addiction among individuals with mental disorders.MethodA total of 5,000 individuals aged 18–62 were randomly drawn from eight categories of major mental disorders from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and invited to participate in an online questionnaire‐based survey, which included the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Data on health care and sociodemographics from the Danish registers were linked to all invitees—enabling comprehensive attrition analysis and calculation of the weighted prevalence of food addiction.ResultsA total of 1,394 (27.9%) invitees participated in the survey. Across all diagnostic categories, 23.7% met the criteria for food addiction. The weighted prevalence of food addiction was highest among individuals with eating disorders (47.7%, 95%CI: 41.2–54.2), followed by affective disorders (29.4%, 95%CI: 22.9–36.0) and personality disorders (29.0%, 95%CI: 22.2–35.9). When stratifying on sex, the prevalence of food addiction was higher among women in most diagnostic categories.DiscussionFood addiction is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders, especially in those with eating disorders, affective disorders and personality disorders. Food addiction may be an important target for efforts aimed at reducing obesity among individuals with mental disorders.
Preparation and Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Boron (III) Subphthalocyanines with One to Three Trithiole Rings
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Baba Mizue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe reaction of 5,6‐dicyano‐4,7‐diethylbenzo[1,2,3]trithiole (1) with trichloroborane in p‐xylene and subsequent substitution of the chloro group with phenol produced boron (III) subphthalocyanine 2 with three trithiole rings. Upon treatment of 1 with trichloroborane in p‐xylene in the presence of unsubstituted phthalonitrile or tetrafluorophthalonitrile, unsymmetrical subphthalocyanines 3, 4, 6, and 7 with one or two trithiole rings were obtained after the reaction with phenol. The Q‐band absorption of 2 appeared at λmax=611 nm in the UV‐vis spectrum and the emission was observed at λe=630 nm. Decreasing the number of fused trithiole rings and ethyl groups resulted in higher energy shifts of the Q‐band absorption in the UV‐vis spectra and downfield chemical shifts of the 11B NMR signals. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were treated by pentachloro antimonate in dichloromethane, the solution of which showed strong ESR signals. The structures of simplified model compounds were optimized using the DFT method with the Gaussian 09 program at the B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) level.
Easy and One‐Step Synthesis of Ir Single Atom Doped PPy Nanoparticles for Highly Active N‐Alkylation Reaction
Authors: Iuliano Mariagrazia , Sarno Maria , Cirillo Claudia , Ponticorvo Eleonora , De Pasquale Salvatore 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSingle atoms are nowadays considered new catalysts offering a lot of advantages such as reduced cost and use of noble metals. Here, we report the catalytic activity towards N‐alkylation reactions of single atoms (SACs) of iridium doped polypyrrole (Ir−PPy nanoparticles). The new nanocatalyst exhibits excellent behavior due to the combination of highly active SACs catalyst and the organic conductive support providing strong binding of single atoms and thus improved reusability and easiness to handle. In the presence of a low amount of Ir and of a suitable base, excellent activity (yield >99 %) and selectivity (>99 %) were obtained. In the optimized Ir condition (3 wt.% of Ir) an aniline conversion of about 99 %, with excellent selectivity, just after 600 min, was obtained. Recyclability tests show that the catalyst can be successfully recycled six times without significant catalyst activity loss.
Analysis of Interconversion between Atropisomers of Chiral Substituted 9,9’‐Bicarbazole
Authors: Kobayashi Toshifumi , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Fukushima Takanori , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Higashibayashi Shuhei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterconversion of atropisomers of chiral 3,3’‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9’‐bicarbazole linked by a single N−N bond was analyzed by DFT calculations and experiments. The calculations revealed that the trans transition state has a lower energy for the interconversion than the cis transition state. The lowest transition state of interconversion between natural dixiamycins A and B containing a 9,9’‐bicarbazole structure was found to be the trans transition state. The calculations also indicated that degradation through N−N bond cleavage was faster than racemization. Atropisomeric enantiomers of 3,3’‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9’‐bicarbazole were resolved by chiral HPLC for the first time, and then racemization and N−N bond cleavage were investigated by heating experiments, showing that racemization did not take place below the degradation temperature.
Electron Donor‐Acceptor Spirobi[cyclopenta[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithiophene] Derivatives as Precursors of Electrodeposited Regioregular Thiophene‐based Polymers
Authors: Minudri Daniela , Orlandi Simonetta , Cavazzini Marco , Rossi Sergio , Marzari Gabriela , Cavallo Pablo , Fernandez Luciana , Fungo Fernando , Pozzi Gianluca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA series of conjugation extended push‐pull derivatives of 4,4′‐spirobi[cyclopenta[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithiophene] were synthesized and fully characterized, in which each perpendicularly aligned cyclopenta[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithiophene features a pendant dicyanovinylene as an electron acceptor and a thiophene as an electron donor. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the new molecules, which differ from each other for the presence and/or location of an additional n‐hexyl chain on the pendant thiophene unit, were investigated, as well as their susceptibility to electrochemical polymerization. The substitution arrangement of the monomers was found to exert significant influence on the outcome of the electropolymerization process and on the optoelectronic properties and morphological film characteristics of the new regioregular materials obtained.
A fluorescence‐based yeast sensor for monitoring acetic acid
Authors: Hahne Katja , Rödel Gerhard , Ostermann Kai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccumulation of acetic acid indicates an imbalance of the process due to a disturbed composition of the microorganisms. Hence, monitoring the acetic acid concentration is an important parameter to control the biogas process. Here, we describe the generation and validation of a fluorescence‐based whole cell sensor for the detection of acetic acid based on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acetic acid induces the transcription of a subset of genes. The 5´‐regulatory sequences (5´ URS) of these genes were cloned into a multicopy plasmid to drive the expression of a red fluorescent reporter gene. The 5´ URS of YGP1, encoding a cell wall‐related glycoprotein, led to a 20‐fold increase of fluorescence upon addition of 30 mM acetic acid to the media. We show that the system allows estimating the approximate concentration of acetic acid in condensation samples from a biogas plant. To avoid plasmid loss and increase the long‐term stability of the sensor, we integrated the reporter construct into the yeast genome and tested the suitability of spores for long‐term storage of sensor cells. Lowering the reporter gene's copy number resulted in a significant drop of the fluorescence, which can be compensated by applying a yeast pheromone‐based signal amplification system.
An efficient stabilized finite element scheme for simulating viscoelastic flows
Authors: Chai Yong , Ouyang Jie , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents an efficient stabilized finite element scheme for solving viscoelastic flow problems at high Weissenberg numbers. The velocity and pressure variables in the momentum balance equations are uncoupled using an incremental fractional step method based on the second‐order backward differentiation formula. The pressure gradient projection stabilization technique and the discrete elastic‐viscous‐split‐stress formulation are introduced into the scheme, in explicit versions, to circumvent the LBB constraints. For the constitutive equation, a square root transformation is first applied to preserve the positive definiteness of the polymer conformation tensor, and then the streamline upwind/Petrov–Galerkin method and the second‐order Runge–Kutta scheme are implemented for spatial and time discretizations. Three benchmark problems are tested and numerical results have revealed the accuracy and convergence of the scheme. What is more, since the presented scheme enables the use of equal low‐order interpolations for all variables, and requires no iterative process, it is computationally efficient and easy to be implemented.
Characteristics and outcome of pediatric renal cell carcinoma patients registered in the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) 93‐01, 2001 and UK‐IMPORT database: A report of the SIOP‐Renal Tumor Study Group
Authors: van der Beek Justine N. , Hol Janna A. , Coulomb‐l'Hermine Aurore , Graf Norbert , van Tinteren Harm , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Houwing Maite E. , de Krijger Ronald R. , Vujanic Gordan M. , Dzhuma Kristina , Schenk Jens‐Peter , Littooij Annemieke S. , Ramírez‐Villar Gema L. , Murphy Dermot , Ray Satyajit , Al‐Saadi Reem , Gessler Manfred , Godzinski Jan , Ruebe Christian , Collini Paola , Verschuur Arnaud C. , Frisk Tony , Vokuhl Christian , Hulsbergen‐van de Kaa Christina A. , de Camargo Beatriz , Sandstedt Bengt , Selle Barbara , Tytgat Godelieve A. M. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn children, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. This study is the first report of pediatric patients with RCC registered by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology‐Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG). Pediatric patients with histologically confirmed RCC, registered in SIOP 93‐01, 2001 and UK‐IMPORT databases, were included. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Between 1993 and 2019, 122 pediatric patients with RCC were registered. Available detailed data (n = 111) revealed 56 localized, 30 regionally advanced, 25 metastatic and no bilateral cases. Histological classification according to World Health Organization 2004, including immunohistochemical and molecular testing for transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and/or EB (TFEB) translocation, was available for 65/122 patients. In this group, the most common histological subtypes were translocation type RCC (MiT‐RCC) (36/64, 56.3%), papillary type (19/64, 29.7%) and clear cell type (4/64, 6.3%). One histological subtype was not reported. In the remaining 57 patients, translocation testing could not be performed, or TFE‐cytogenetics and/or immunohistochemistry results were missing. In this group, the most common RCC histological subtypes were papillary type (21/47, 44.7%) and clear cell type (11/47, 23.4%). Ten histological subtypes were not reported. Estimated 5‐year (5y) EFS and 5y OS of the total group was 70.5% (95% CI = 61.7%‐80.6%) and 84.5% (95% CI = 77.5%‐92.2%), respectively. Estimated 5y OS for localized, regionally advanced, and metastatic disease was 96.8%, 92.3%, and 45.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the registered pediatric patients with RCC showed a reasonable outcome. Survival was substantially lower for patients with metastatic disease. This descriptive study stresses the importance of full, prospective registration including TFE‐testing.
Electrolytes: From a Thorn Comes a Rose, and from a Rose, a Thorn
Authors: Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora , Wölke Christian , Xu Kang , Winter Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article we take a stroll through the metaphorical rose garden, part of the flower garden, that is electrochemical storage systems. We take a closer look at batteries as the center‐pieces – the roses – and especially at the system component of batteries, the electrolyte and its development, throughout history. Just as a rose can only develop its unique beauty when taken good care of and provided with clean water and suitable nutrients, a battery cell cannot function without its electrolyte; the seemingly trivial component that has to juggle a multitude of requirements in order to make batteries truly bloom.