bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial night light and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale
Authors: Wilson Ashley A. , Ditmer Mark A. , Barber Jesse R. , Carter Neil H. , Miller Eliot T. , Tyrrell Luke P. , Francis Clinton D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe extent of artificial night light and anthropogenic noise (i.e., “light” and “noise”) impacts is global and has the capacity to threaten species across diverse ecosystems. Existing research involving impacts of light or noise has primarily focused on noise or light alone and single species; however, these stimuli often co‐occur and little is known about how co‐exposure influences wildlife and if and why species may vary in their responses. Here, we had three aims: (1) to investigate species‐specific responses to light, noise, and the interaction between the two using a spatially explicit approach to model changes in abundance of 140 prevalent bird species across North America, (2) to investigate responses to the interaction between light exposure and night length, and (3) to identify functional traits and habitat affiliations that explain variation in species‐specific responses to these sensory stimuli with phylogenetically informed models. We found species that responded to noise exposure generally decreased in abundance, and the additional presence of light interacted synergistically with noise to exacerbate its negative effects. Moreover, the interaction revealed negative emergent responses for several species that only reacted when light and noise co‐occurred. Additionally, an interaction between light and night length revealed 47 species increased in abundance with light exposure during longer nights. In addition to modifying behavior with optimal temperature and potential foraging opportunities, birds might be attracted to light, yet suffer inadvertent physiological consequences. The trait that most strongly related to avian response to light and noise was habitat affiliation. Specifically, species that occupy closed habitat were less tolerant of both sensory stressors compared to those that occupy open habitat. Further quantifying the contexts and intrinsic traits that explain how species respond to noise and light will be fundamental to understanding the ecological consequences of a world that is ever louder and brighter.
Physical, chemical, and biological investigations of composites for biomedical applications
Authors: Das Apurba , Bhardwaj Aman , Rabha Susmita , Pandey Lalit M. , Dobbidi Pamu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the interplay between structural, electrical, and surface properties in determining the collective behavior of(hydroxyapatite, HAP) and(strontium titanate, ST) composites was reported. The monoliths HAP and ST were synthesized using sol‐gel and solid‐state reaction, respectively, and were mixed in different atomic concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80 at.%) to prepare a series of composites. The prepared composites were then subjected to x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis for probing the microstructural aspects. The analysis revealed no evidence of a phase that the reaction between the two monoliths might form. The crystallite sizes were in the range of 27.2–37.3 nm, and it increased with the content of ST in the composites. The Raman analysis revealed the presence of rutilethat was later found to be the link in the display of bone‐like apatite nucleation ability in the monolith ST and its composites. The FESEM analysis revealed that the grain sizes were 64–144 nm between the monoliths and were found to follow a similar trend to the crystallite size. The dielectric constantvaried with temperature ranging from 5 to 35 (1 MHz) at 310 K for all the specimens. The dependence ofon the grain size of the composites followed a nearly exponential relation. The bone‐like apatite forming ability of the composites was studied by incubating the specimens in simulated body fluid (SBF). Additionally, the cytocompatibility (MG63 cell lines) and protein adsorption (bovine serum albumin [BSA]) of the selected specimens were also studied to comprehensively understand the delicate relationship between the electrical and biological properties. The protein adsorption was primarily related to the surface charge, and its dependence was found to be linear. Additionally, theof the composites was ≤35, which compliments the protein adsorption behavior of the specimens. The amount of adsorbed protein for all the specimens considered in this study was in the range of 3–32μ g/ml. Furthermore, the specimens exhibited excellent cell viability of more than 90%. Based on the physical and biological investigations, 20H‐80S was established as the best specimen that blends the characteristic feature of both the monoliths. Finally, the TEM and STEM mapping of the best specimen, projecting the suitability of 20H‐80S in the design of electrically active scaffolds and possibly bioelectrets for biomedical applications, was also studied.
The implications of threat for blind and constructive patriots and immigration attitudes
Authors: Esqueda Cynthia Willis , Schlosser Madeline J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmigration attitudes are influenced by types of patriotism and the perceived threat that immigrants pose. Previous research indicated realistic and symbolic threat mediates the relationships between blind and constructive patriotism types and anti‐immigration attitudes in different ways. In two studies, the purpose was to replicate the mediating role of realistic and symbolic threat for the relationship between patriotism types and anti‐immigration attitudes, and to determine if inducing threat in constructive patriots would result in immigration attitudes like that of blind patriots. In both studies, hypotheses were confirmed. Blind patriotism predicts realistic threat, symbolic threat, and anti‐immigration attitudes. Realistic and symbolic threats provided moderated mediation between blind patriotism and anti‐immigration attitudes. Constructive patriotism negatively predicts anti‐immigration attitudes, but realistic and symbolic threats provide complete mediation for this relationship. The introduction of threatening information on future demographic changes had no impact on the relationship between blind patriotism, realistic and symbolic threats, and anti‐immigration attitude. However, the introduction of demographic threat modified the relationship for constructive patriots, leaving no predictive negative relationship with realistic threat, symbolic threat, or anti‐immigration attitude. The findings are important for understanding ethnic threat and the motivations to oppose immigrants in a changing United States.
Sleep improvement intervention and its effect on patients’ sleep on the ward
Authors: Ritmala‐Castren Marita , Salanterä Sanna , Holm Anu , Heino Minna , Lundgrén‐Laine Heljä , Koivunen Marita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAim and objectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate how the sleep improvement interventions developed for the wards were associated with patients’ sleep. The objective was to promote patients’ sleep.BackgroundThe quality of sleep is vital for patients’ health and recovery from illness. However, patients generally sleep poorly during hospitalisation. Sleep‐disturbing factors are connected to the hospital environment, patients’ physical illness, emotional state and the activities of the staff. Many sleep‐disturbing factors can be influenced by appropriate nursing interventions.DesignA two‐group intervention study including the development of nursing interventions aimed at supporting patients’ sleep. One group received a sleep promotion intervention and the other received standard care. Both groups evaluated their sleep in the morning.MethodsA survey of participants’ sleep evaluations was collected with the five‐item Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. The data were analysed statistically. The STROBE checklist was used to report the study.ResultsFrom the participants’ perspective, sleep was better in the intervention group, even though statistically significantly only among men. The pain intensity correlated with sleep quality. The number of patients in the room or whether participants had had an operation had no effect on their sleep evaluations.ConclusionsInterventions targeted at supporting and promoting the sleep quality of hospital inpatients may be effective. They should be developed in collaboration with patients and nurses. Several nursing interventions can be proposed to promote better sleep among patients; however, more research is needed to confirm the results. Sleep promotion should include both standardised protocols and individualised sleep support.Relevance to clinical practiceInvesting in nursing interventions to promote patients’ sleep is important. Patients’ individual sleep‐related needs should be part of their care plan. Training programmes that support nurses’ knowledge and skills of patients’ sleep promotion should be part of nursing education in healthcare organisations.
The effect of vitamin E treatment on selected immune and oxidative parameters in Kivircik ewes suffering from transport stress
Authors: Danyer Erdem , Bilal Tanay , Altiner Ayşen , Aytekin İsmail , Atalay Hasan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin E injection for the prevention of transport stress on ewes. Kivircik ewes (2–3 years old, n = 24) were randomly separated into three groups; G1 (Control) and G2 treated with 14 ml. saline as the placebo, G3 treated with 2100 IU/ind. DL‐alpha‐tocopherol acetate prior to transport. G2 and G3 were transported at 80 km/h for 4 h on a truck. Serum samples were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) transport. Serum cortisol, catalase, IgG, ceruloplasmin, C‐reactive protein, complement component 4, interleukin‐1 beta, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde analyses performed by ELISA, and serum alpha‐tocopherol concentrations were evaluated by HPLC‐UV. Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical assessments (p < 0.05). Alpha‐tocopherol concentrations were founded 1.22 ± 0.82, 0.27 ± 0.14 and 0.14 ± 0.07 µmol/L, respectively, in G1, G2 and G3 at T1. Alpha‐tocopherol concentration decreased significantly in G2 between T0 and T1. GPx concentrations were increased twofold in G2 and G3 between T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). As a result, G2 alpha‐tocopherol concentrations decreased but, the stress and oxidative parameters tested in this study were not affected by treating 2100 IU/ind. DL‐alpha‐tocopherol acetate before transport.
Successful nutritional control of scratching and clinical signs associated with adverse food reaction: A randomized controlledCOSCAD'18 adherent clinical trial in dogs in the United Kingdom
Authors: Weemhoff James L. , MacLeay Jennifer M. , Brejda John , Schiefelbein Heidi , Wernimont Susan M. , Gross Kathy L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse reactions to food are a common dermatological condition in dogs, requiring nutritional intervention using novel or hydrolysate protein‐based foods.ObjectiveTo evaluate a therapeutic food containing egg and phytonutrients in dogs with food allergies using an activity monitor and core outcome set for canine atopic dermatitis (COSCAD'18) in a controlled double‐masked, multicenter, prospective clinical trial.AnimalsAdult dogs with a history of adverse food reaction as diagnosed by a food elimination trial were recruited from general practices.MethodsAfter a 21‐day baseline period, dogs were randomized to test or positive control (hydrolyzed protein) food for 21 days. Owner (pruritus visual analog score [PVAS], coat quality, food acceptance, and satisfaction) and veterinarian (canine atopic dermatitis lesion index [CADLI], physical examination) assessments were completed on days 0, 21, and 42. Dogs wore a collar‐mounted activity monitor to record sleep, scratching, and shaking behavior throughout the study. Statistical analysis included within‐group comparison to baseline and between‐group comparison at study end using a significance threshold of alpha = 0.05.ResultsAt the end of the treatment period, all results were similar between groups for CADLI, PVAS, owner satisfaction, activity, and questionnaire data. Scores for hair dullness, brittleness, amount of dandruff, feces quality, and food acceptance were positive and were not statistically different between groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe therapeutic test food was well‐accepted and efficacious in managing signs of adverse reactions to food compared to baseline as well as compared to the positive control food.
Perturbation analysis of sub/super hedging problems
Authors: Badikov Sergey , Davis Mark H.A. , Jacquier Antoine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the links between various no‐arbitrage conditions and the existence of pricing functionals in general markets, and prove the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing therein. No‐arbitrage conditions, either in this abstract setting or in the case of a market consisting of European Call options, give rise to duality properties of infinite‐dimensional sub‐ and super‐hedging problems. With a view towards applications, we show how duality is preserved when reducing these problems over finite‐dimensional bases. We also introduce a rigorous perturbation analysis of these linear programing problems, and highlight numerically the influence of smile extrapolation on the bounds of exotic options.
Almost sovereign: Kosovo's NEWBORN sculpture and the indeterminacy of the state
Authors: Boguslaw Alissa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2008, a giant yellow sculpture of the word ‘NEWBORN’ was built to celebrate Kosovo's independence. Every year, the designer repaints it to express a new theme, but his messaging is often challenged by anonymous pranks and other interventions. Creating uncertainty over NEWBORN's legitimacy and who has the right to repaint it, these contestations are significant because they echo the uncertainty over the Kosovo state, whose sovereignty is also in dispute. By analysing the relationship between the politics of the sculpture and the politics of the state, the article argues that the disruptions to NEWBORN not only reflect but also reconstitute Kosovo's sovereignty. Although it is generally viewed as the capacity of a state to self‐govern, by conceptualising sovereignty as recognition, authority and agency, the article demonstrates how citizens' agency transcends the state and the basis of its rule.
Phytohormones selectively affect plant parasitic nematodes associated with Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Sikder Md. Maniruzzaman , Vestergård Mette , Kyndt Tina , Kudjordjie Enoch Narh , Nicolaisen Mogens 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Phytohormones may affect plant–nematode interactions directly as chemo‐attractants or ‐repellents, or indirectly through the root‐associated microbiome or through host defense mechanisms. However, the exact roles of phytohormones in these complex plant–soil–nematode interactions are not well understood.

We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in phytohormone synthesis or sensitivity to elucidate their role in root–nematode interactions. As root‐associated microorganisms may modulate these interactions, we explored correlations between the relative abundances of root‐associated nematodes, and bacteria and fungi using amplicon sequencing.

We found distinct shifts in relative abundances of a range of nematode taxa in the A. thaliana phytohormone mutants. The root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, a sedentary endoparasitic species that is in intimate contact with the host, was highly enriched in JA‐, SA‐ and SL‐impaired lines, and in an ET‐insensitive line. Positive or negative correlations between specific microbial and nematode taxa were observed, but, as the inference of causal relationships between microbiome responses and effects on nematode communities is premature, this should be studied in detail in future studies.

In conclusion, genetic derailment of hormonal balances generally rendered plants vulnerable to endoparasitic nematode attack. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that this effect may be partially modulated by the associated microbiome.
Freedom of expression
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Seglow Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article surveys the classic and contemporary literature on the nature and limits of freedom of expression (or free speech). It begins by surveying the main philosophical justifications for free speech, before moving to consider the two most discussed topics in the free speech literature: hate speech and pornography. The article offers some brief reflections on the large number of arguments which have been offered on these topics. Three newer battlegrounds for free speech are examined at the end: no platforming, fake news and online shaming.
Evaluating mental illness–substance abuse stigmatic perceptions through education: A library–nursing initiative
Authors: Driscoll Denise , Mathew Lilly , Engelhardt Debra , Moran‐Peters Judith , Eckardt Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this library–nursing initiative, the goal was to identify any changes in stigmatic perceptions among public library staff regarding mental health and substance abuse, post 3‐day educational sessions. A total of n = 37 library staff participated in this project and attended all three educational sessions and completed a pre‐ and postquestionnaire designed to address common mental health and substance abuse‐related stigmatic perceptions among public library staff. Upon analysis of the pre‐ and postresponses, we identified that there were statistically significant changes in two perceptions, namely; “embarrassed to disclose mental illness” and “commonality of substance abuse” (p ≤ .05). Therefore, it is essential that behavioral health nurses engage and collaborate with local public libraries to educate and build a safe environment for vulnerable populations like those affected with mental illness and substance abuse in the community settings.
Eulenspiegel als Sprachlehrer
Authors: Schwarz Alexander , Gavin Lionel , Thiemig Tilman 
Published: June 2021

Wer im deutschen Sprachgebiet aufgewachsen ist, kennt Till Eulenspiegel. Deswegen ist es sinnvoll, wenn auch Deutschlernende ihm und einigen seiner Geschichten begegnet sind. Eine solche Begegnung hat zwei Seiten. Zum einen stammt der Text aus einer vergangenen Welt, der Frühzeit des Buchdruckes, und ist in einer alten Sprachform geschrieben, und viele grundlegende Fragen, etwa nach der Historizität der Titelfigur oder nach der Botschaft des Buches, sind bis heute ungeklärt. Zum anderen liefert die jahrhundertelange und bis heute anhaltende Rezeption in hunderten von Ausgaben gerade auch für Kinder und Jugendliche Texte, die keinen Rückgriff auf das Frühneuhochdeutsch der ältesten Fassungen erfordern, sondern umgekehrt zum Nacherzählen, Dramatisieren und Verfilmen einladen. Und auch die schwierigere Seite bietet den Vorteil, dass es nicht um richtig oder falsch geht, als vielmehr um das Anstoßen einer offenen Diskussion über Sprache, Kommunikation oder über Gut und Böse durch amüsante und in ihrem plot unmittelbar einleuchtende Erzählungen.In diesem Beitrag werden Projekte aus dem Fremdsprachunterricht auf Sekundar‐ und Hochschulstufe sowie in Volkshochschulkursen für Erwachsene als Anregungen vorgestellt. Die meisten Beispiele stammen aus der Museumspädagogik. Diese stellt ein zu wenig bekanntes Feld dar, auf dem viele Früchte nur darauf warten, für den Schulunterricht gepflückt zu werden.
A Proof of Concept Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Lattice Structures Used to Design a Shoulder Hemi-Prosthesis
Authors: Peto Marinela , Aguilar-Rosas Oscar , Ramirez-Cedillo Erick , Jimenez Moises , Hernandez Adriana , Siller Hector R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lattice structures offer great benefits when employed in medical implants for cell attachment and growth (osseointegration), minimization of stress shielding phenomena, and weight reduction. This study is focused on a proof of concept for developing a generic shoulder hemi-prosthesis, from a patient-specific case of a 46-years-old male with a tumor on the upper part of his humerus. A personalized biomodel was designed and a lattice structure was integrated in its middle portion, to lighten weight without affecting humerus' mechanical response. To select the most appropriate lattice structure, three different configurations were initially tested: tetrahedral vertex centroid (TVC), hexagonal prism vertex centroid (HPVC), and cubic diamond (CD). They were fabricated in resin by digital light processing and its mechanical behavior was studied via compression testing and finite element modeling (FEM). The selected structure according to the results was the HPVC, which was integrated in a digital twin of the biomodel to validate its mechanical performance through FEM but substituting the bone material model with a biocompatible titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) suitable for prostheses fabrication. Results of the simulation showed acceptable levels of Von Mises stresses (325 MPa max.), below the elastic limit of the titanium alloys, and a better response (52 MPa max.) in a model with equivalent elastic properties, with stress performance in the same order of magnitude than the showed in bone's material model.
Defining Computational Emissivity Uncertainty Over Large Temperature Scales Due to Surface Evolution
Authors: Silva Humberto , Mills Brantley , Schroeder Benjamin , Keedy Ryan , Smith Kyle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is a dearth in the literature on how to capture the uncertainty generated by material surface evolution in thermal modeling. This leads to inadequate or highly variable uncertainty representations for material properties, specifically emissivity when minimal information is available. Inaccurate understandings of prediction uncertainties may lead decision makers to incorrect conclusions, so best engineering practices should be developed for this domain. In order to mitigate the aforementioned issues, this study explores different strategies to better capture the thermal uncertainty response of engineered systems exposed to fire environments via defensible emissivity uncertainty characterizations that can be easily adapted to a variety of use cases. Two unique formulations (one physics-informed and one mathematically based) are presented. The formulations and methodologies presented herein are not exhaustive but more so are a starting point and give the reader a basis for how to customize their uncertainty definitions for differing fire scenarios and materials. Lastly, the impact of using this approach versus other commonly used strategies and the usefulness of adding rigor to material surface evolution uncertainty is demonstrated.
Impact Damage Detection in Laminate and Honeycomb CFRPs using Lamb Wave Ultrasonic Sensing
Authors: Burkov M. V. , Eremin A. V , Byakov A. V. , Lyubutin P. S. , Panin S. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results on application of Lamb waves based technique for impact damage detection and severity identification. The PZT network operates in the round-robin mode changing the actuator and sensor roles of the transducers in order to detect the response of the system in the presence of damage. The monitoring is performed via the analysis of three parameters: change of the amplitude (dA), change of the energy (dP) and cross-correlation (NCC) of the signals in baseline and damaged state. Testing of laminate CFRPs shows that the damage location is estimated with an error of 5–15 mm, while the computed Damage index is linearly dependent on the applied impact energy. For honeycomb CFRPs the NCC parameter do not provide accurate results, however, other parameters allow identification within the 5–20 mm error and reflect accurate data on the severity of the damage.