bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using photovoice with people with intellectual disability to illuminate definitions of health and factors influencing participation in health promotion
Authors: St. John Brittany , Gray Megan , Malzacher Amanda , Hladik Libby , Lurie Savanna , Ausderau Karla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the daily health experiences of people with intellectual disability is necessary to illuminate factors that may be influencing health and health disparities. The objective of this study is to understand how people with intellectual disability participate in and access health promotion.MethodsTen adults with intellectual disability engaged in an adapted photovoice study.ResultsFour themes emerged: Health Is Who We Are; Health is What We Do; Health Is Our Body, Mind, and Place; and Barriers and Facilitators. Participants communicated an understanding of health, a strong identity of themselves as being healthy, and diverse participation in health promotion. Additionally, participants identified specific resources and support necessary to pursue health. Participants' broad description of health aligns with understandings of the social determinants of health.ConclusionParticipant's holistic view of health and experienced factors of health promotion should inform the development and implementation of inclusive health programming for people with intellectual disability.
Risk factors of role stress and professional burnout among nurse anesthetists: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Meng Haihong , Bai Shuling , Cao Qinqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn China, there is no unified standard for the responsibilities and authority of nurse anesthetists, resulting in different professional expectations from anesthesiologists and nursing managers, which may result in high levels of role stress and burnout in nurse anesthetists. Additional factors such as high occupational risk and heavy work may also contribute to role stress and burnout.MethodsIn this multicenter cross‐sectional study, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among 198 nurses from six tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province. The t test, analysis of variance, linear regression, and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for role stress and professional burnout.ResultsThe scores of role conflict and role ambiguity in role stress were 30.61 ± 9.53 and 31.89 ± 9.56, respectively; satisfaction with income and the working environment, the hospital's attention, years of experience as a nurse, clarity concerning the nurse anesthetist's occupational scope, and attitude to career prospects were independent risk factors for role stress. The burnout data were non‐normally distributed and were expressed as medians and quartiles. The scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement in professional burnout were 30 (26–34), 11 (8–14), and 23 (20–26) respectively. The number of working hours per week, attitude to career prospects, satisfaction with the working environment and income, physical health, gender, and education were independent risk factors for burnout.ConclusionsChinese nurse anesthetists were found to be in danger of high role stress and professional burnout, a situation requiring the attention of managers.
DNA sequencing of type material and newly collected specimens reveals two heterotypic synonyms for Harveylithon munitum (Metagoniolithoideae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and three new species
Authors: Richards Joseph L. , Schmidt William E. , Fredericq Suzanne , Sauvage Thomas , Peña Viviana , Le Gall Line , Mateo‐Cid Luz Elena , Mendoza‐González Angela Catalina , Hughey Jeffery R. , Gabrielson Paul W. 
Published: March 2021

Nongeniculate coralline algae are difficult to identify based solely on morpho‐anatomy. To address the systematics of several taxonomically challenging taxa, we analyzed DNA sequences of a short portion (118–296 base pairs) of the 3′ end of the rbcL gene from three type specimens. The analyses revealed that Harveylithon munitum (basionym: Lithophyllum munitum), described in 1906 from Cave Cays, Exuma Chain, Bahamas, is conspecific with both Goniolithon accretum and Goniolithon affine, described in 1906 from Sand Key, Florida and in 1907 from Culebra Island, Puerto Rico, respectively. Lithophyllum munitum and G. accretum were described in the same 1906 publication and have equal priority. We have selected the currently accepted and most commonly used name H. munitum to apply to this entity. Comparative analyses of rbcL, psbA, UPA, COI, and LSU sequences from contemporary field‐collected specimens revealed that H. munitum currently inhabits mesophotic rhodolith beds in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, as well as the intertidal zone in the Florida Keys, Honduras, Atlantic Mexico, Caribbean Panama, and Guadeloupe, French West Indies. Species delimitation analyses reveal that the Western Atlantic and Australian H. munitum populations may be separate species. Two new species of Harveylithon from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico and one new species from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the Red Sea were also identified in the analyses and are described.
Characteristics associated with the transition to partial breastfeeding prior to 6 months of age: Data from seven sites in a birth cohort study
Authors: Richard Stephanie A. , McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Murray‐Kolb Laura E. , Patil Crystal L. , Chandyo Ram K. , Mahopo Cloupas , Maciel Bruna L. , Bose Anuradha , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ambikapathi Ramya , Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Caulfield Laura E. ,   the MAL‐ED Network Investigators
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. However, the transition of the infants' diet to partial breastfeeding with the addition of animal milks and/or solids typically occurs earlier than this. Here, we explored factors associated with the timing of an early transition to partial breastfeeding across seven sites of a birth cohort study in which twice weekly information on infant feeding practices was collected. Infant (size, sex, illness and temperament), maternal (age, education, parity and depressive symptoms), breastfeeding initiation practices (time of initiation, colostrum and pre‐lacteal feeding) and household factors (food security, crowding, assets, income and resources) were considered. Three consecutive caregiver reports of feeding animal milks and/or solids (over a 10‐day period) were characterized as a transition to partial breastfeeding, and Cox proportional hazard models with time (in days) to partial breastfeeding were used to evaluate associations with both fixed and time‐varying characteristics. Overall, 1470 infants were included in this analysis. Median age of transition to partial breastfeeding ranged from 59 days (South Africa and Tanzania) to 178 days (Bangladesh). Overall, higher weight‐for‐lengthz‐scores were associated with later transitions to partial breastfeeding, as were food insecurity, and infant cough in the past 30 days. Maternal depressive symptoms (evaluated amongst 1227 infants from six sites) were associated with an earlier transition to partial breastfeeding. Relative thinness or heaviness within each site was related to breastfeeding transitions, as opposed to absolutez‐scores. Further research is needed to understand relationships between local perceptions of infant body size and decisions about breastfeeding.
Cutting Path and Feedrate Optimization for Complex Surface Machining Using Ball End Milling Process
Authors: Lim Ee Meng , Menq Chia-Hsiang , Yen David W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new machining strategy, called cutting-path/adaptive-feedrate strategy, is proposed to improve the productivity of sculptured-surface productions subjected to force and dimensional constraints. In this proposed strategy, a new machining-planning aid, called maximum feedrate map, is developed. In this map, the maximum allowable feedrates at each control point along all machining directions subjected to the specified constraints are determined using a surface generation model. These local maximum-feedrate boundaries indicate the acceptable range of feedrates that a part programmer can use in the NC programming. In addition, the maximum feedrate map also provides the part programmer an important aid in selecting the cutting directions. The proposed strategy was applied to the machining planning for turbine blade die productions. Both computer simulation and experimental study were performed.
Methodology for Quantitative Error-Assessment of Finite-Element Models
Authors: Majerus John N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although recent developments in adaptivity and rezoning have enhanced the ease and use of the finite element method, the question remains: how good are the resulting simulations? In the case of highly nonlinear behavior, it appears that this question can only be answered by properly designed experiments. One such experiment involves the nonlinear behavior (material, geometry and boundary conditions) associated with a precision closed-die (PCD) forging. This paper presents some PCD data that could not be modeled by one particular FE code-simulation. Hopefully, these data can be used for the quantitative error-assessment of other codes for similar nonlinear simulations. Some possible code-simulation improvements are discussed and recommendations for future experiments are made.
An Investigation of the Implementation of the p-Version Finite Element Method
Authors: Campion Simon D. , Jarvis John L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of the p-version finite element method has become more widespread over the last five years or so, as witnessed by the addition of p-elements to a number of well known commercial codes. A review of the keynote papers on the p-version method is presented which focusses on the use of the hierarchical concept and the selection of the interpolation functions. The importance of accurate geometry mapping is also discussed, and the use of the blending function method is presented.
Details of implementation of the p-version method are discussed in the light of the authors efforts to develop a program for solving two-dimensional elastostatic problems. Topics covered include the rules for numerical integration for the p-method, the possible use of numerical rather than explicit differentiation for determining the Jacobian matrix, and the programming of the load vector for the p-method. The lessons learnt are illustrated by simple examples, and will be of benefit to those wishing to program p-elements for other applications.
Impact Simulation Plus Probability of Material Failure
Authors: Huang Yolin I. , Bruchey William J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A study to investigate the probabilistic variation in material failure mechanics of a typical high hardness armor (HHA) impacted by a tungsten penetrator was conducted. The HULL package was patched for simulation studies. Results from two different sets of calculations, each with a different randomness level, showed a relationship between the final penetrator lengths (between stations) and the prescribed randomness.
Since higher percent deviation is likely associated with the higher failure rate of the target material, thus, at lower percent deviations, there is less penetration into the target and more compression of the penetrator, resulting in a smaller final length. Hence, the relationship seems to be a result of the compressive state of the penetrator rather than a result of its erosion. This relationship is likely to be present also in a more rigorous calculation with a Lagrangian-based formulation.
Power Flow Analysis of Beam Members With Multiple Wave Types
Authors: Stiehl Albert L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A power flow finite element method (PFFEM) is developed in Reference 1 for the steady state high frequency vibration analysis of beams in which there is propagation of one wave type (bending). A finite element thermal analog presented herein for power flow analysis of beam members in which both bending and longitudinal waves are present is a farther development of the PFFEM. Conducting bar elements model power flow in the beam and also power transmission, reflection and conversion at structural joints. Convection elements model internal power dissipation. Properties of joint elements are in general non-linear and depend upon the power level at the joint as well as transmission and reflection coefficients. The thermal analog is verified for particular linear cases wherein properties of the joint elements are dependent only upon the transmission and reflection coefficients.
A Virtual Workshop for Design by Manufacture
Authors: Taylor Richard , Bayliss Gary , Bowyer Adrian , Willis Philip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A desktop virtual reality system implementing a Virtual Manufacturing Workshop enables the processes of design and manufacture to be brought close together. Built-in design tools mean that the Virtual Workshop is much more than just a simulation of manufacturing. Designs can be edited, assessed, imported and exported in a completely interactive way. How the system is used is defined by the requirements of the user — whether that be pure design, process planning or training. At the end of the day, the user has a complete geometric model of the designed component and a part program from which it can be manufactured in the real world.
Surfactant-loaded capsules as Marangoni microswimmers at the air–water interface: Symmetry breaking and spontaneous propulsion by surfactant diffusion and advection
Authors: Ender Hendrik , Froin Ann-Kathrin , Rehage Heinz , Kierfeld Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a realization of a fast interfacial Marangoni microswimmer by a half-spherical alginate capsule at the air–water interface, which diffusively releases water-soluble spreading molecules (weak surfactants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)), which act as “fuel” by modulating the air–water interfacial tension. For a number of different fuels, we can observe symmetry breaking and spontaneous propulsion although the alginate particle and emission are isotropic. The propulsion mechanism is similar to soap or camphor boats, which are, however, typically asymmetric in shape or emission to select a swimming direction. We develop a theory of Marangoni boat propulsion starting from low Reynolds numbers by analyzing the coupled problems of surfactant diffusion and advection and fluid flow, which includes surfactant-induced fluid Marangoni flow, and surfactant adsorption at the air–water interface; we also include a possible evaporation of surfactant. The swimming velocity is determined by the balance of drag and Marangoni forces. We show that spontaneous symmetry breaking resulting in propulsion is possible above a critical dimensionless surfactant emission rate (Peclet number). We derive the relation between Peclet number and swimming speed and generalize to higher Reynolds numbers utilizing the concept of the Nusselt number. The theory explains the observed swimming speeds for PEG–alginate capsules, and we unravel the differences to other Marangoni boat systems based on camphor, which are mainly caused by surfactant evaporation from the liquid–air interface. The capsule Marangoni microswimmers also exhibit surfactant-mediated repulsive interactions with walls, which can be qualitatively explained by surfactant accumulation at the wall.

Graphic Abstract
Genomic Alterations in PIK3CA-Mutated Breast Cancer Result in mTORC1 Activation and Limit the Sensitivity to PI3Kα Inhibitors
Authors: Cai Yanyan , Xu Guotai , Wu Fan , Michelini Flavia , Chan Carmen , Qu Xuan , Selenica Pier , Ladewig Erik , Castel Pau , Cheng Yuanming , Zhao Alison , Jhaveri Komal , Toska Eneda , Jimenez Marta , Jacquet Alexandra , Tran-Dien Alicia , Andre Fabrice , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Razavi Pedram , Scaltriti Maurizio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

PI3Kα inhibitors have shown clinical activity in PIK3CA-mutated estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) patients with breast cancer. Using whole genome CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA knockout screens, we identified and validated several negative regulators of mTORC1 whose loss confers resistance to PI3Kα inhibition. Among the top candidates were TSC1, TSC2, TBC1D7, AKT1S1, STK11, MARK2, PDE7A, DEPDC5, NPRL2, NPRL3, C12orf66, SZT2, and ITFG2. Loss of these genes invariably results in sustained mTOR signaling under pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K–AKT pathway. Moreover, resistance could be prevented or overcome by mTOR inhibition, confirming the causative role of sustained mTOR activity in limiting the sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibition. Cumulatively, genomic alterations affecting these genes are identified in about 15% of PIK3CA-mutated breast tumors and appear to be mutually exclusive. This study improves our understanding of the role of mTOR signaling restoration in leading to resistance to PI3Kα inhibition and proposes therapeutic strategies to prevent or revert this resistance.

Significance:
These findings show that genetic lesions of multiple negative regulators of mTORC1 could limit the efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors in breast cancer, which may guide patient selection strategies for future clinical trials.
IL-6 as a Mediator of the Association Between Traditional Risk Factors and Future Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zegeye Mulugeta M. , Andersson Jonas S.O. , Wennberg Patrik , Repsilber Dirk , Sirsjö Allan , Ljungberg Liza U. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Studies elucidating the importance of IL (interleukin)-6 trans-signaling associated with risk of future myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. Additionally, whether elevation in IL-6 explains part of the association between traditional risk factors and future MI has not been explored.

Approach and Results:

We conducted a nested case-control study including a total of 584 participants (292 cases and 292 controls) from Västerbotten Intervention Programme and MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) cohorts. At baseline, plasma cholesterol levels were measured, and clinical characteristics of participants were collected. In this study, we measured the plasma concentration of IL-6, sIL-6R (soluble IL-6 receptor), and sgp130 (soluble-glycoprotein130). To estimate extent of IL-6 trans-signaling, we estimated plasma concentration of a novel biomarker, the IL-6 binary complex. IL-6 binary complex concentration was significantly elevated in participants who experienced MI compared with those who did not. Univariate analyses showed that a 10-fold increase in IL-6 binary complex was associated with 3.6× higher risk of future MI (95% CI relative risk, 2.0–6.5,
P
<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analyses revealed that the predictive performance of IL-6 binary complex (area under the curve, 0.614) was equivalent to that of IL-6 (area under the curve, 0.603). Furthermore, using Process mediation analyses tool, we found statistically significant indirect effect of smoking and hypertension on future MI that is mediated through increased IL-6 binary complex or plasma IL-6.

Conclusions:
IL-6 and IL-6 binary complex concentration in plasma were significantly associated with future MI. Our data additionally imply that both the elevated plasma IL-6, and the IL-6 binary complex concentration could partly explain, and, thus, might hypothetically be functionally associated with the increased risk of MI in smokers and hypertensive participants.
MicroRNA-33 Inhibits Adaptive Thermogenesis and Adipose Tissue Beiging
Authors: Afonso Milessa Silva , Verma Narendra , van Solingen Coen , Cyr Yannick , Sharma Monika , Perie Luce , Corr Emma M. , Schlegel Martin , Shanley Lianne C. , Peled Daniel , Yoo Jenny Y. , Schmidt Ann Marie , Mueller Elisabetta , Moore Kathryn J. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Recent studies have identified key transcriptional regulators of brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation and function, but posttranscriptional control of this network by microRNAs remains incompletely understood. MiR-33 critically regulates genes involved in metabolic pathways, including cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, fatty acid oxidation, and autophagy. Given its role in metabolic homeostasis, we investigated whether miR-33 participates in the regulation of BAT activity, white adipose beiging, and adaptive thermogenesis.

Approach and Results:

Using primary immortalized brown adipocytes and 10T1/2 cells, we show that miR-33 levels are reduced in brown fat differentiated cells compared with preadipocytes and in response to thermogenic activators. Furthermore, in mice exposed to cold, levels of miR-33 in BAT are rapidly downregulated consistent with a role for miR-33 in repressing adaptive thermogenesis. Using in silico prediction, we identified numerous putative miR-33 target genes in the thermogenic pathway conserved in mice and humans, including regulators of brown adipocyte differentiation and function and mitochondrial activity. We focused our investigation on transcriptional regulators of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) and of BAT-enriched genes and demonstrate that miR-33 represses
Zfp516
,
Dio2
, and
Ppargc1a
in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of mice with inhibitors of miR-33 increased expression of these miR-33 target genes in brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissue, upregulating expression of UCP1, and rendering mice resistant to cold challenge.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our findings demonstrate that miR-33 targets key genes involved in BAT activation and white adipose beiging and expand our understanding of how miR-33 coordinately regulates pathways involved in metabolic homeostasis.
Management of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Mac Grory Brian , Schrag Matthew , Biousse Valérie , Furie Karen L. , Gerhard-Herman Marie , Lavin Patrick J. , Sobrin Lucia , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Weyand Cornelia M. , Yaghi Shadi ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Hypertension; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a form of acute ischemic stroke that causes severe visual loss and is a harbinger of further cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is a paucity of scientific information on the appropriate management of CRAO, with most strategies based on observational literature and expert opinion. In this scientific statement, we critically appraise the literature on CRAO and provide a framework within which to consider acute treatment and secondary prevention.

Methods:
We performed a literature review of randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, case reports, clinical guidelines, review articles, basic science articles, and editorials concerning the management of CRAO. We assembled a panel comprising experts in the fields of vascular neurology, neuro-ophthalmology, vitreo-retinal surgery, immunology, endovascular neurosurgery, and cardiology, and document sections were divided among the writing group members. Each member received an assignment to perform a literature review, synthesize the data, and offer considerations for practice. Multiple drafts were circulated among the group until consensus was achieved.

Results:
Acute CRAO is a medical emergency. Systems of care should evolve to prioritize early recognition and triage of CRAO to emergency medical attention. There is considerable variability in management patterns among practitioners, institutions, and subspecialty groups. The current literature suggests that treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator may be effective. Patients should undergo urgent screening and treatment of vascular risk factors. There is a need for high-quality, randomized clinical trials in this field.