bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Ghost (Gwisin) Becomes Demon
Authors: Jun Sunhee 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Most Korean Protestant Christians consider the traditional concept gwisin (ghost in English) as absolutely evil. This abhorrent attitude toward gwisin, I argue, has been influenced by the misuse of gwisin in Korean Protestant Bibles to identify demon/unclean spirit. Focusing on the Gospel of Mark, this paper will show gwisin cannot be conceptually equated with demon/unclean spirit, which are always evil in Mark. To substantiate the point, first, I will examine translation history of the Korean Protestant Bibles in terms of demon/unclean spirit in Mark to show that gwisin has been demonized in Korean Protestants’ minds for a long time. Secondly, I will explore the concept gwisin in Korean culture and demon/unclean spirit in Mark. By comparing the two, I argue that the use of gwisin by translators, who were mostly missionaries, to identify demon/unclean spirit was a misrepresentation.
Small Island Effects in DYNAMO and Their Impact on Large-Scale Budget Analyses
Authors: Ciesielski Paul E. , Johnson Richard H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign, radiosonde launches were regularly conducted from three small islands/atolls (Malé and Gan, Maldives, and Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory) as part of a large-scale sounding network. Comparison of island upsondes with nearby and near-contemporaneous dropsondes over the ocean provides evidence for the magnitude and scope of the islands’ influence on the surrounding atmosphere and on the island upsonde profiles. The island’s impact on the upsonde data is most prominent in the lowest 200 m. Noting that the vertical gradients of temperature, moisture, and winds over the ocean are generally constant in the lowest 0.5 km of dropsondes, a simple procedure was constructed to adjust the upsonde profiles in the lowest few hundred meters to resemble the atmospheric structures over the open ocean. This procedure was applied to the soundings from the three islands mentioned above for the October–December 2011 period of DYNAMO. As a result of this procedure, the adjusted diurnal cycle amplitude of surface temperature is reduced fivefold, resembling that over the ocean, and low-level wind speeds are increased in ~90% of the island soundings. Examination of the impact of these sounding adjustments shows that dynamical and budget fields are primarily affected by adjustments to the wind field, whereas convective parameters are sensitive to the adjustments in thermodynamic fields. Although the impact of the adjustments is generally small (on the order of a few percent), intraseasonal wind regime changes result in some systematic variations in divergence and vertical motion over the sounding arrays.
Inhomogeneity of the surface air temperature record from Halley, Antarctica
Authors: King John C. , Turner John , Colwell Steve , Lu Hua , Orr Andrew , Phillips Tony , Hosking J. Scott , Marshall Gareth J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommencing in 1956, observations made at Halley Research Station, Antarctica provide one of the longest continuous series of near-surface temperature observations from the Antarctic continent. Since few other records of comparable length are available, the Halley record has been used extensively in studies of long-term Antarctic climate variability and change. The record does not, however, come from a single location but is a composite of observations from a sequence of seven stations, all situated on the Brunt Ice Shelf, that range from around 10 km to 50 km distance from the coast. Until now, it has generally been assumed that temperature data from all of these stations could be combined into a single composite record with no adjustment. Here, we examine this assumption of homogeneity. Application of a statistical change point algorithm to the composite record detects a sudden cooling associated with the move from Halley IV to Halley V station in 1992. We show that this temperature step is consistent with local temperature gradients measured by a network of automatic weather stations and with those simulated by a high-resolution atmospheric model. These temperature gradients are strongest in the coastal region and result from the onshore advection of maritime air. The detected inhomogeneity could account for the weak cooling trend seen in the uncorrected composite record. In future, studies that make use of the Halley record will need to account for its inhomogeneity.
Impact of Sea Spray and Sea Surface Roughness on the Upper Ocean Response to Super Typhoon Haitang (2005)
Authors: Zhang Lianxin , Zhang Xuefeng , Perrie William , Guan Changlong , Dan Bo , Sun Chunjian , Wu Xinrong , Liu Kexiu , Li Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA coupled ocean-wave-sea spray model system is used to investigate the impacts of sea spray and sea surface roughness on the response of the upper ocean to the passage of the super typhoon Haitang. Sea spray mediated heat and momentum fluxes are derived from an improved version of Fairall’s heat fluxes formulation (Zhang et al., 2017) and Andreas’s sea spray-mediated momentum flux models. For winds ranging from low to extremely high speeds, a new parameterization scheme for the sea surface roughness is developed, in which the effects of wave state and sea spray are introduced. In this formulation, the drag coefficient has minimal values over the right quadrant of the typhoon track, along which the typhoon-generated waves are longer, smoother, and older, compared to other quadrants. Using traditional interfacial air-sea turbulent (sensible, latent, and momentum) fluxes, the sea surface cooling response to typhoon Haitang is overestimated by 1 °C, which can be compensated by the effects of sea spray and ocean waves on the right side of the storm. Inclusion of sea spray-mediated turbulent fluxes and sea surface roughness, modulated by ocean waves, gives enhanced cooling along the left edges of the cooling area by 0.2 °C, consistent with the upper ocean temperature observations.
The plight of women in Iraq: Gender disparity, violence, and mental health
Authors: Younis Maha Sulaiman , Khudhiar Lafta Riyadh 
Published: March 2021

Background: Generations of women living in Iraq endured three major regional wars and internal conflicts, which weakened their psychological vulnerability and social role by poverty, displacements, and loss of their beloved ones. The available literature about women’s mental health is scarce and does not signify the gender inequality and gender disparity of mental disorders. Method: During 1st August to October 2020, we explored the search engines: Google Scholar, Pub-Med, Medline, and Clarivate using keywords of Iraq, gender inequality, women’s mental health, violence, and conflict, mental disorders, gender-based violence, etc. From 1792 research items, 64 articles were scrutinized for this study. We selected the most relevant studies with some available documents excluding data bout Immigrant women outside Iraq and reports from foreign military sources. Finding: Women living in Iraq have struggled for equality and empowerment since the 20th century. For the last four decades, successive wars, economic sanction, gender-based violence, and internal conflicts have affected their development endeavors. The 2003 US-led invasion caused a loss of lives, destruction of infrastructure, and forced displacement for tens of thousands of civilians, including women and children. These atrocities increased women’s vulnerability to develop or worsen the existing mental disorders. This review tries to attract world attention to women’s situations in Iraq.
COVID-19 and radiotherapy: impact on work and personal life of Lombardy residents during first lockdown, survey endorsed by AIRO Young
Authors: Corrao Giulia , Bergamaschi Luca , Zaffaroni Mattia , Cavallo Iacopo , Marvaso Giulia , Alterio Daniela , Mastrilli Fabrizio , Capizzi Silvio , Desideri Isacco , Pravettoni Gabriella , Orecchia Roberto , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Since 20 February 2020, Lombardy has been one of the most affected areas worldwide by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate work and psychological impact of COVID-19 on Lombardy radiation therapy (RT) residents in the first 3 months of the outbreak (first lockdown). Methods: An online questionnaire (22 multiple choice questions) via Microsoft Forms was administered on 30 May 2020 to RT residents. Results: Nineteen Lombardy RT residents responded to the survey. Nineteen percent of residents underwent a nasal swab and 11% were quarantined. Seventeen residents (89%) reported an increase in workload. Twelve residents (63%) did not find any difference in terms of work distress; worsening was highlighted in 5 cases (26%). The majority has never considered the possibility of stopping work due to excessive stress (89%). Almost all the residents experienced self- or relative-referred apprehension (95%). Ninety-five percent reported having missed extra-work social relationships. Most of the sample noted worsening sleep quality and difficulty concentrating (69%). No residents requested psychological support, even if provided by the hospital. Conclusion: Overall, the residents adapted to the new workplace scenario, although some health risks and well-being challenges have been reported. An extension of the survey to all Italian RT residents endorsed by Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology “Young AIRO” will allow an evaluation of COVID-19 impact on a national level. A second survey is planned to underline differences between the first lockdown and the current situation of the pandemic.
Patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis care journey: a qualitative study
Authors: Delameillieure Anouk , Dobbels Fabienne , Vandekerkhof Sarah , Wuyts Wim A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) highly impacts patients on several life dimensions and challenges healthcare practices in providing high-quality care. Consequently, it is crucial to establish integrated care processes, maximizing patient value and patients’ individual needs. The aim of the study was to shed light on the care trajectory based on the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals.

Methods
The study was conducted at a tertiary Belgian IPF centre of excellence. We conducted individual interviews with patients and healthcare professionals, guided by the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a framework for integrated care. Thematic analysis was used to underpin data analysis.

Results
Experiences were gathered of nine patients with IPF (aged 57–83 years, of which the informal caregivers were present at five interviews) and nine professionals involved in the IPF care trajectory. Our findings identified pitfalls and suggestions for improvement covering all elements of the CCM, primarily at the level of the individual patient and the care team. We covered suggestions to improve the team-based care and pro-active follow-up of patients’ needs. Self-management support was highlighted as an important area and we identified possibilities, but also challenges regarding the use of patient-reported outcomes and eHealth-tools. Furthermore, the importance of continuous training for professionals and the implementation of guidelines in routine care was pointed out. Also, participants mentioned an opportunity to collaborate with community-based organizations and raised challenges regarding the overall health system. Lastly, the pertaining lack of IPF awareness and the disease burden on patients and their caregivers were covered.

Conclusions
Our research team has initiated a project aiming to optimize the current care delivery practice for IPF patients at a Belgian centre of excellence. These results will inform the further optimisation of the care program and the development of feasible supportive interventions.
Dynamic postural control correlates with activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sabashi Kento , Ishida Tomoya , Matsumoto Hisashi , Mikami Kentaro , Chiba Takeshi , Yamanaka Masanori , Aoki Yoshimitsu , Tohyama Harukazu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) negatively affects dynamic postural control, which is a basic function that individuals use to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of center of pressure (COP) control during the transition from double-leg to single-leg standing with subjective assessments of ADL and quality of life (QOL) in patients with knee OA.

Methods
Thirty-six patients (29 females) with moderate-to-severe knee OA participated. Dynamic postural control was evaluated during the transition from double-leg to single-leg standing. Each patient stood on a force plate, lifted the less affected limb as fast as possible, and maintained single-leg standing with the more affected limb. The COP movements corresponding to anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) and transitional phases were assessed. The maximum displacement and peak velocity of the COP movements in the medial–lateral direction were calculated. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used for the subjective assessment of ADL and QOL. Pearson’s product correlation analysis was performed to investigate the associations of COP movements in the APA and transitional phases with KOOS-ADL and KOOS-QOL.

Results
In the APA phase, the maximum COP displacement was significantly correlated with KOOS-ADL (r = -0.353, P = 0.035) and KOOS-QOL (r = -0.379, P = 0.023). In the transitional phase, the maximum COP displacement and peak COP velocity were significantly correlated with KOOS-ADL (maximum displacement: r = 0.352, P = 0.035; peak velocity: r = 0.438, P = 0.008) and with KOOS-QOL (maximum displacement: r = 0.357, P = 0.032; peak velocity: r = 0.343, P = 0.040).

Conclusions
The present study showed that smaller COP movements in the APA phase and smaller and slower COP movements in the transitional phase correlated with poorer ADL and QOL conditions in patients with knee OA. These findings suggest that poor dynamic postural control is associated with poor ADL and QOL conditions in patients with moderate-to-severe medial knee OA. Conservative treatment for patients with knee OA may need to focus on dynamic postural control during the transition from double-leg to single-leg standing.
Generation of UCiPSC-derived neurospheres for cell therapy and its application
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhao Huifang , Han Xiaobo , Ni Bin , He Lang , Mukama Omar , de Dieu Habimana Jean , Lin Zuoxian , Huang Rongqi , Huang Hualin , Tian Chao , Tang Feng , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy remains one of the most potential approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and the establishment of hiPSC-derived human neural stem cells (hiNSCs) have revolutionized the technique of cell therapy. Meanwhile, it is often required that NSCs are stored and transported to a long distance for research or treatment purposes. Although high survival rates could be maintained, conventional methods for cell transportation (dry ice or liquid nitrogen) are inconvenient and expensive. Therefore, the establishment of a safe, affordable, and low-cost strategy to store and transport easily accessible hiPSCs and hiNSCs, with characteristics that match fetal hNSCs, is incredibly urgent.

Methods
We reprogrammed human urinary cells to iPSCs using a non-integrating, virus-free technique and differentiated the iPSCs toward iNSCs/neurospheres and neurons, under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compatible conditions. The pluripotency of iPSCs and iNSCs was characterized by a series of classical methods (surface markers, karyotype analysis, and in vitro as well as in vivo differentiation capabilities, etc.).

Results
Here, our results showed that we successfully generated hiNSCs/neurospheres from more available, non-invasive, and more acceptable urinary cells by a virus-free technique. Next, we demonstrated that the iNSCs differentiated into mature cerebral cortical neurons and neural networks. Interestingly, hiNSCs survived longer as neurospheres at ambient temperature (AT) than those cultured in a monolayer. Within 7 days approximately, the neural viability remained at > 80%, while hiNSCs cultured in a monolayer died almost immediately. Neurospheres exposed to AT that were placed under standard culture conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) recovered their typical morphology, and retained their proliferation and differentiation abilities.

Conclusions
In this study, we provided a simple method for the storage of NSCs as neurospheres at AT as an alternative method to more costly and inconvenient traditional methods of cryopreservation. This will enable hiNSCs to be transported over long distances at AT and facilitate the therapeutic application of NSCs as neurospheres without any further treatment.
Intraoperative [18F]FDG flexible autoradiography for tumour margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery: a first-in-human multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Jurrius Patriek A. G. T. , Grootendorst Maarten R. , Krotewicz Marika , Cariati Massimiliano , Kothari Ashutosh , Patani Neill , Karcz Paulina , Nagadowska Monika , Vyas Kunal N. , Purushotham Arnie , Turska-d’Amico Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In women undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS), 20–25% require a re-operation as a result of incomplete tumour resection. An intra-operative technique to assess tumour margins accurately would be a major advantage. A novel method for intraoperative margin assessment was developed by applying a thin flexible scintillating film to specimens—flexible autoradiography (FAR) imaging. A single-arm, multi-centre study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative [18F]FDG FAR for the assessment of tumour margins in BCS.

Methods
Eighty-eight patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing BCS received ≤ 300 MBq of [18F]FDG 60–180 min pre-operatively. Following surgical excision, intraoperative FAR imaging was performed using the LightPath® Imaging System. The first 16 patients were familiarisation patients; the remaining 72 patients were entered into the main study. FAR images were analysed post-operatively by three independent readers. Areas of increased signal intensity were marked, mean normalised radiances and tumour-to-tissue background (TBR) determined, agreement between histopathological margin status and FAR assessed and radiation dose to operating theatre staff measured. Subgroup analyses were performed for various covariates, with thresholds set based on ROC curves.

Results
Data analysis was performed on 66 patients. Intraoperative margin assessment using FAR was completed on 385 margins with 46.2% sensitivity, 81.7% specificity, 8.1% PPV, 97.7% NPV and an overall accuracy of 80.5%, detecting both invasive carcinoma and DCIS. A subgroup analysis based on [18F]FDG activity present at time of imaging revealed an increased sensitivity (71.4%), PPV (9.3%) and NPV (98.4%) in the high-activity cohort with mean tumour radiance and TBR of 126.7 ± 45.7 photons/s/cm2/sr/MBq and 2.1 ± 0.5, respectively. Staff radiation exposure was low (38.2 ± 38.1 µSv).

Conclusion
[18F]FDG FAR is a feasible and safe technique for intraoperative tumour margin assessment. Further improvements in diagnostic performance require optimising the method for scintillator positioning and/or the use of targeted radiopharmaceuticals.
Trial registration: Identifier: NCT02666079. Date of registration: 28 January 2016. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02666079.
ISRCTN registry: Reference: ISRCTN17778965. Date of registration: 11 February 2016. URL: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17778965.
Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine
Authors: Xia Pengpeng , Wu Yunping , Lian Siqi , Quan Guomei , Wang Yiting , Zhu Guoqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.
Maternal antibiotic treatment affects offspring gastric sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation in the pig
Authors: Trevisi P. , Luise D. , Correa F. , Messori S. , Mazzoni M. , Lallès J. P. , Bosi P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach.

Methods
84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes (ATP4A, SSTR2, GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8 and TNF) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled.

Results
The number of parietal and EECs increased with age (P < 0.001). ATP4A increased with age (within suckling, P = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling, P < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning (P < 0.001). In OXY, GHRL increased during suckling (P = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend (P = 0.088). MBOAT4 tended to increase during suckling (P = 0.062). TAS1R1 increased from suckling to post-weaning period (P =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring (P = 0.013). GNAT1 in PY was higher in ANT offspring (P = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of GHRL and MBOAT4 in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months.

Conclusions
Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled.