Abstract 3139: Study of tumor heterogeneity and subclonality in primary pancreatic and metastatic sites from rapid autopsy patients in PDMR
Authors: Chen Li , Das Biswajit , Evrard Yvonne A. , Karlovich Chris A. , Vilimas Tomas , Peach Amanda , Alyssa Chapman , Nair Nikitha , Fong Anna L. , Romero Luis , Chang Ting-Chia , Jiwani Shahanawaz , Dutko Lindsay , Benauer Kelly , Morton Marianne , Dougherty Kelly , Eugeni Michelle A. , Newton Dianne , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Williams P. Mickey , Doroshow James H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: A major set of preclinical models derived from specimens acquired from rapid autopsy patients in the National Cancer Institute Patient-Derived Models Repository (NCI PDMR, https://pdmr.cancer.gov) were from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients, with metastatic specimens originating from liver, colon, omentum, and lung. Genomic characterization of these preclinical models provides a unique opportunity to study tumor heterogeneity and subclonality associated with the metastatic process and potential treatment resistance.
Methods: To date, 30 rapid autopsy patient-derived xenograft (PDX)/patient-derived cell (PDC)/patient-derived organoid (PDOrg ) models derived from pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (n = 9) have been sequenced using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNASeq. Tumor heterogeneity between primary and metastatic sites was studied based on somatic mutation, copy number alteration (CNA) and gene expression data. A bioinformatics workflow was developed to stably infer and visualize the tumor subclonality by integrating the tools of PyClone, SCHISM, and TIMESCAPE, using somatic mutations and site-specific copy number data of multiple samples generated from PDX models in primary and metastatic sites.
Results: Among 30 rapid autopsy preclinical models from primary and metastatic sites, liver is the most common metastatic site in PAAD (9/19=47%) compared to other sites. Driver mutations are conserved in all preclinical model specimens derived from a given patient. KRAS p.G12D is present in 28 PDX/PDC/PDOrg models as well as the corresponding patient specimens, and BRAF p.V600E is present in other preclinical models. The fraction of the genome affected by CNA remains stable within a PDX model across passages (n=18, mean=7.63%, sd=5.90%). However, we found that this increased when comparing PDX models derived from metastatic sites versus the primary site (n=16, mean=19.47%, sd=9.69%). This indicates the presence of tumor heterogeneity between metastatic and primary sites. Site-specific subclones were identified in PDX models from two patients (521955 and 485368) and a phylogenetic tree of primary and metastasis sites indicates that one liver metastasis had a unique seeding event compared to the other metastatic sites for both patients.
Conclusion: Tumor heterogeneity and subclonality was observed in preclinical models generated from PAAD patients in the NCI PDMR. These models provide a unique resource for preclinical studies in tumor evolution, metastatic spread mediators, and drug resistance.
Citation Format: Li Chen, Biswajit Das, Yvonne A. Evrard, Chris A. Karlovich, Tomas Vilimas, Amanda Peach, Chapman Alyssa, Nikitha Nair, Anna L. Fong, Luis Romero, Ting-Chia Chang, Shahanawaz Jiwani, Lindsay Dutko, Kelly Benauer, Marianne Morton, Kelly Dougherty, Michelle A. Eugeni, Dianne Newton, Melinda G. Hollingshead, P. Mickey Williams, James H. Doroshow. Study of tumor heterogeneity and subclonality in primary pancreatic and metastatic sites from rapid autopsy patients in PDMR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3139.