bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection and Quantification of the Striga Seedbank in Ethiopian Sorghum Field Soils
Authors: Raaijmakers Jos , Mitiku Getahun , Etalo Desalegn , KleinGunnewiek Paulien , Rybka Dominika , Tessema Taye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims Striga hermonthica is a devastating parasitic weed in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its persistent soil seedbank is the major contributing factor for its prevalence and persistence. So far, there is little to no information on the Striga seedbank density in agricultural fields in SSA due to the lack of reliable detection and quantification methods. Methods We developed a high-throughput method that combines density- and size-based separation techniques with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based detection of Striga seeds in soil. The method was optimized and validated on two physicochemically different Striga-free Dutch agricultural soils by introducing increasing numbers of Striga seeds (0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81 and 243 seeds). Results The results showed that as little as one seed of S. hermonthica per 150 g of soil can be detected. This technique was subsequently tested on soil samples of 48 sorghum fields from different agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia to map the geospatial distribution of the Striga seedbank along a trajectory of more than 1500 km. Considerable variation in Striga seed densities was observed for these soils: in 75% of the field soils, Striga seeds were detectable up to 86 seeds per 150 g of soil. Correlation analyses further revealed a significant non-linear relationship between the seed density and Striga incidence assessed in the same sorghum field soils at the time of soil sampling. Conclusions The method developed allows for high-through-put and accurate mapping of the Striga seedbank in physicochemically diverse field soils and can be used to predict Striga incidence and to assess the impact of management strategies on Striga seedbank dynamics.
Overexpressed FAM166B Predicts Favorable Prognosis and Associated With Metabolic Pathways and Tumor Immune Infiltrates in BRCA
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhu Huiqin , He Gao , Zhang Hongfei , Cheng Xuyu , Liu Xiaoan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancer worldwide. Though surgery, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and immune therapy have boost patients' survival rate, to establish more molecular biomarkers that can detect the early metastasis and shed a light on breast cancer treatment still requires efforts. Based on previous studies, adipose tissue had a metabolic crosstalk in breast cancer. FAM166B is a protein-coding gene which was reported to be found in adipose tissues. Yet whether FAM166B has a role in breast cancer had not been determined.Methods: In this study, 1109 BRCA patients and 113 adjacent cancer samples and clinical characteristics data were downloaded from TCGA data portal, R software and Strawberry Perl were used for all pre-processing processes. Kaplan-Meier plotter, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to investigate FAM166B potential in BRCA prognosis. GSEA was performed to investigate the biological function of FAM166B. Furthermore, TIMER was utilized to identify the association between FAM166B and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Results: We found out increased FAM166B expression correlates with better prognosis in BRCA. By conducting Multivariate Cox analysis, we draw a conclusion that FAM166B could be an independent prognosis factor. Moreover, the GSEA revealed that FAM166B could possibly restrain the cell metabolism and glucose converting pathways. Also, a high expression of FAM166B was correlated with increased immune infiltration levels like CD4+ T cells and decreased macrophages, especially in luminal and basal breast cancers. Conclusion: Our study illustrated that FAM166B is an independent prognostic factor in BRCA. A high expression of FAM166B indicates a better prognosis of breast cancer patients and it may restrain the tumor cell metabolism and likely play a role in immune cell infiltration.
Effects of Concentrated Growth Factor on Gingival Thickness in Periodontal Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qi Lei , Ge Weiwen , Cao Ningning , Wang Shoupeng , Qian Yifeng , Wang Xudong , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Earlier studies have not given clear results of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on gingival thickness (GT) in periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of CGF on GT in patients with thin gingival phenotype undergoing PAOO.Methods: 44 patients with 264 surgical sites were recruited at baseline. All patients were randomly allocated to either a control (collagen matrix memberane) or test (CGF) group and received PAOO. GT, gingival height (GH), buccal alveolar bone thickness (BT), and buccal alveolar bone height (BH) were evaluated depending on cross-sectional CBCT images at t0 (before surgery) and t1(6 months after surgery). Results: GT were increased in both groups at t1 compared to t0. Yet, higher values were observed in the test group (from 0.95±0.26 to 1.29±0.34mm) compared to the control group (from 0.92±0.25 to 1.01±0.18mm) (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the intergroup comparison, GT at t1 in the test group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the GT of central incisors, lateral incisors and canine teeth all showed significantly changes compared with baseline and the test group showed higher increase (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference were found in GH, BT, BH and all clinical parameters between two groups at t1 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, gingival thickness could be increased by using CGF in PAOO for the patients with thin gingival phenotype. Trial registration The study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx）under the number ChiCTRINR17013346, Registered 11 November 2017.
Assessing the north Indian maritime cyclonic turbulences with extraordinary reference to incredibly serious cyclonic tempest Fani: Meteorological inconstancy, India's readiness with the awful consequences
Authors: Chatterjee Soumen , Kundu Arnab 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Having a complete coastline region around 7516 km with a 5400 km. long territory coastline, India is exceptionally susceptible to common perils like tropical cyclones (TCs). The investigation dependent on the historic datasets (1891–2019) of TCs over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) additionally guarantees that the four seaside states (West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu) and one union territory (Pondicherry/Puducherry) on the east coast much of the time face cyclonic tempest than other seaside parts of India. The periodical pattern (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) of cyclonic tempests over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Arabian Sea (AS) over the past 150 years likewise help to unfurl the way that the West Bengal and Odisha coast are unmasked to TCs generally during the storm season (June to September) including with robust winds, heavy precipitation, and high tempest surge. The extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) Fani is the most extraordinary summer cyclones, the first one in quite a while to strike the seaside part of Odisha on May 3, 2019, and one of the three most exceedingly terrible cyclones over the past 150 years with a supported surface wind speed of 175–180 kph. Odisha has been influenced unpleasantly because of the supremacy of Fani. While the loss of life was restricted within 64 because of the fast evacuation of almost 1.68 million persons, the executioner cyclone has caused excessive destructions to sociable extents (lodging, education, and food security), beneficial areas (cultivation, fisheries, and domesticated animals), and informative zones (power, telecom, street, water offices, and public constructions). The measured costs have arrived at almost 4.18 billion United States Dollar (USD) just in Odisha. The southern portion of West Bengal has additionally been influenced severely because of extraordinary downpours and high tempest surges (2–3 m above mean sea level). In this study, we used remote sensing-based Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Ground Range Detected (GRD) Level-1 datasets through Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for evaluating the fatal cyclone Fani. Hereafter, the current investigation effectively advocates the historic experience of TCs over NIO with specific reference to ESCS Fani including its meteorological instability, readiness, and the path of annihilation.
Lipid Sources To Jersey Cows: Productive, Nutritional Effects and Milk Fatty Acid Compounds
Authors: de Souza Ana Paula Binato , Junior Jorge Schafhauser , Scheibler Rudolf Brand , Fluck Ana Carolina , Rizzo Fábio Antunes , Nörnberg José Laerte , de Vargas Diego Prado 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim was to assess if the replacement of fatty acid salts by oil seeds in diet of dairy cows and their effects about intake and digestibility, milk production and composition, feed efficiency, metabolic profile and milk fatty acid profile. Lipid sources evaluated were calcium salts of fatty acids (CS), linseed (LI), sunflower (SF) and soybean (SY). Diets were iso in protein, fiber and energy, with 58 g/kg (mean) of crude fat in dry matter. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the intake of nutrient fractions. The protein digestibility was lower for SY (P < 0.001) due the fraction derived from the grain in that treatment. The ether extract digestibility was higher for CS treatment (P < 0.001), and no difference was found between the grains sources. Milk production was higher in CS, when milk production was corrected for energy, these differences disappeared. Little effect on milk composition (g/kg) was observed, only for lactose. The sources used do not affect feed efficiency, energy balance and blood metabolic profile. in CS. When observed milk fatty acid profile, there was an increase influence by CS There was no difference for saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), however, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher for SF (P = 0.0172). The lipid sources evaluated can be used in early lactation without negative effects being able to replace calcium salts of fatty acids in diets.
Utilization of Power Gating Technique for the Analysis of MPSoC Based On Dual Feedback Edge Triggered Flip Flop
Authors: D Satyaraj , V Bhanumathi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the persistent scaling of semiconductor technology, the embedded multi-processor platforms lifetime reliability has been the primary concern for the industry. The advancements in technology permit several microprocessors integration, dedicated digital hardware, and at times mixed-signal circuits on a single silicon die, specifically multi-processor system-on-a-chip (MPSoC). In this paper, the design and analysis of CMOS based MPSoC is made. A CMOS based MPSoC is designed with 45nm technology. In this design, ADC converter is used in which 10-bit data is given as input, and are converted into digital data. A double feedback edge triggered flip flop is designed. The implementation of flip flop, based on both feedback and triggering process, is more effective in the elimination of error occurrence. Power Gating (PG) technique is proposed which exploits the stacking effect to achieve high energy efficiency. Binary controlled stacked SRAM cell, based on a parallel cross-coupling feedback controller, is implemented to reduce the leakage loss and ground bouncing noise. An inverter, based on NMOS and CMOS, is used for the inverting process. The input voltage of 5v is given and is varied. Then, a 2-bit counter is employed, which is responsible for counting down or counting up. The counter should count down if the signal is high. The counter should count up, if the signal is low. Thus, this design will be helpful in the implementation of compact processing system which may also be employed for many real-time applications where there is a need of compact device. The benefits of this multi processors integration will be helpful in speeding the process thereby reducing the leakage power loss, power consumption, delay factor and so on. The analysis of performance is carried out using CMOS based Tanner EDA, and the outcomes are represented.
Perceived Parenting Style and Suicidal/Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in University Students: A Cross-Sectional South African Study
Authors: Chundu Mwanja , Davids Eugene L , de Vries Petrus J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:

Low- and middle-income countries like South Africa carry the greatest suicide burden, with local general population suicide attempt rates of 2.9–22.7%, in comparison to 0.7–9% in international literature. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) commonly co-occurs with suicidal behaviours and estimates range from 5.5% internationally to 19.4% in South Africa. As a subgroup of the general population, university students are at higher risk for both suicidal behaviours and NSSI (S/NSSI). Risk factors for S/NSSI include parenting style; however, very little is known about the relationship between parenting styles and S/NSSI in university students in the South African context. This study aimed to describe the rates of S/NSSI behaviours and to explore the relationship between the Baumrind parenting style typography and S/NSSI in university students. The study hypothesised that authoritative parenting would negatively correlate with S/NSSI. No a priori hypotheses were made about the other parenting styles investigated.
Methods:

Students from all faculties at the University of Cape Town were invited to complete an anonymous, online electronic survey. Data collection included a socio-demographic questionnaire, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and Self-Harming Behaviours Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics quantified parenting styles, suicidal behaviours and NSSI. Spearman’s correlation coefficients examined the association between parenting style and S/NSSI.
Results:

In 1136 students, the rate of suicidal attempts was 6.3% and of NSSI was 22.7%. Suicide threats, suicidal thoughts, and thoughts of dying were reported by 5.9%, 35.7% and 50.7% respectively. No significant differences were seen between male and female students. We observed no significant association between authoritative parenting and suicidal behaviours, but authoritative mothers and fathers were significantly associated with a history of NSSI. Both permissive mothers and fathers were associated with suicide attempts, threats, and thoughts, whereas only permissive mothers were associated with NSSI.
Conclusions:

This study replicates previously reported high rates of S/NSSI in South African university students in comparison to general population and international data. Contrary to our hypothesis, authoritative parenting style was positively correlated with NSSI, but not with suicidal behaviours. Further studies are warranted to examine parenting style, and permissive parenting, in particular, in relation to S/NSSI.
A Clinical Decision Support System for Prediction of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Vaginal Birth
Authors: Yang Jingxuan , Guo Peng , Song Yingli , Han Lingli , Yang Xiaoyu , Bai Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

The morbidity and mortality caused by postpartum hemorrhage has been increased since 2016 in China, in addition, promoting vaginal delivery is an important task in China currently. This study aimed to develop a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to predict postpartum hemorrhage among vaginal delivery women.
Design:
A retrospective cohort study.
Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records among 1587 vaginal delivery women, who had visited the obstetrics clinic at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2018 to 2020, these women then were randomly divided into a training set (70%), a validation set (15%) and a test set (15%). We adopted a univariate logistic regression model to select the significant features (P < 0.01). Afterward, we trained several artificial neural networks and binary logistic regression to predict the postpartum hemorrhage, the neural networks included multi-layer perceptron (MLP), back propagation (BP) and radial basis function (RBF). In order to compare and identify the most accurate network, we used the confusion matrix and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We finally developed a clinical decision support system based on the most accurate network. All statistical analyses were performed by IBM SPSS (version 20), and MATLAB 2013b software was applied to develop the clinical decision support system.
Results

Initially, 45 potential variables were addressed by the univariate logistic regression, 16 significant predictors were then selected to enter the binary logistic regression and neural networks (P-value < 0.01). After validation, the best performing model was the multi-layer perceptron network with the highest discriminative ability (AUC 0.862, 95% CI 0.838–0.887). Followed by the back propagation model (AUC 0.866; 95% CI 0.842–0.890), the logistic regression model (AUC 0.856; 95% CI 0.832–0.880). The radial basis function model (AUC 0.845; 95% CI 0.820–0.870) had lower discriminative ability.
Conclusion

In summary, in terms of predicting postpartum hemorrhage, the multi-layer perceptron network performed better than the back propagation network, logistic regression model, and radial basis function network. The developed clinical decision support system based on the multi-layer perceptron network is expected to promote early identification of postpartum hemorrhage in vaginal delivery women, thereby improve the quality of obstetric care and the maternal outcome.
Effect of Fast Ascent, Acclimatization and Re-Exposure To 5050 m On Cerebral Autoregulation in Unacclimatized Lowlanders. A Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Graf Laura C. , Hartmann Sara E. , Lichtblau Mona , Muralt Lara , Bader Patrick R. , Lopez Ivan , Rawling Jean M. , Prof Silvia Ulrich , Prof Konrad E. Bloch , Poulin Marc J. , Furian Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is impaired during acute high-altitude (HA) exposure and effects of acclimatization and re-exposure on CA are unknown. In 18 healthy lowlanders (11 women), we hypothesized that the cerebral autoregulation index (ARI) assessed by the percentage change in middle cerebral artery peak blood flow velocity (Δ%MCAv)/percentage change in mean arterial blood pressure (Δ%MAP) induced by a sit-to-stand maneuver, is i) reduced on Day1 at 5050m compared to 520m, ii) is improved after 6 days at 5050m, and iii) is less impaired during re-exposure to 5050m after 7 days at 520m compared to Cycle1. Participants spent 4-8h/day at 5050m and slept at 2900m similar to real-life working shifts. High/low ARI indicate impaired/intact CA, respectively. With the sit-to-stand at 520m, mean(95%CI) in ΔMAP and ΔMCAv were -26%(-41 to -10) and -13%(-19 to -7); mean±SE in ARI was 0.58±0.63Δ%/Δ%, respectively. On Day1 at 5050m, ARI worsened compared to 520m (3.29±0.70Δ%/Δ%), but improved with acclimatization (1.44±0.65Δ%/Δ%, P<0.05 for both). ARI was less affected during re-exposure to 5050m (1.22±0.70Δ%/Δ%, P<0.05 acute altitude-induced change between sojourns). This study showed that CA i) is impaired during acute HA exposure, ii) improves with acclimatization and iii) is ameliorated during re-exposure to HA a week later.
Application of Factorial Design In The Optimization of A Procedure For Antimony (Sb) Remediation From Wastewater Employing Mesoporous Array
Authors: Costa José Arnaldo Santana , Costa Vinicius Câmara , de Mello Matheus Lima , Paranhos Caio Marcio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study describes the sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis of the silica-based mesoporous structure from the use of alternative amorphous silica extracted from rice husk ash (RHA). The mesoporous material was called MCM-48 (RHA) and its application as adsorbent to the antimony (Sb) remediation in wastewater was tested. The adsorbent was prepared by an efficient and sustainable hydrothermal method, which exhibited an amorphous framework with type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis, high surface area (820.94 m2 g−1) and total pore volume (0.55 cm3 g−1) with a narrow mesopores distribution, uniform spherical particles, and well-defined architecture. Multivariate optimization using a factorial design (24) was employed in the adsorption tests of Sb. The variables evaluated and the conditions selected were: adsorbent mass (45 mg); adsorption time (60 min); pH (ranged from 2 to 10); and concentration of the Sb standard (8 mol L−1). The adsorbent material proposed in this study proved to be efficient for Sb remediation in aqueous media, mainly because it is a material with easy access, low-cost, and eco-friendly.
On The Functional Dynamics of Alveolar and Ductal Growth in The Adolescent Lung
Authors: Moats Rex , Koos David , Shi Wei , Tang Yang , Pollack Harvey , Tipre Dnyanesh , Khuu Thien , Larionov Vlad , Wigfall Clarence , Tawhai Merryn , Fraser Scott , Warburton David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During adolescence, the lungs expand while alveoli increase greatly in number. A precise and deep understanding of the biological processes responsible for the many fold increase in alveoli during adolescence could form the foundation for novel treatments to reoptimize lung function after disease or injury. Herein we provide a unique insight into the alveolar growth in the mouse lung during first postnatal 4 weeks herein described as the adolescence phase. Using 3-Dimensionnal (3D) high-resolution large field of view optical imaging coupled with qualitative and quantitative analysis, we suggest the bulk of alveolarization during adolescent lung growth occurs while the surface to volume of the acinar volume remains constant. The most distal 10 or more bifurcations within the acinar saccular region, comprised of small ducts and alveoli, are of similar scale. We explored the connections between the growth of lung and it’s structural and functional parameters, by comparing the correlations between alveolar size, surface area of gas exchange regions, breathing rate, metabolic rate, and oxygen demand across mammalian species which exhibit widely divergent body sizes.
The Reliability of Ponderal Index in Predicting Short-Term Complications of Small for Gestational Age Term Infants.
Authors: Ercin Secil , Coşkun Yeşim , Gürsoy Tuğba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The birth weight (BW) for gestational age (GA) ensure a fair assessment of the nutritional status of small for gestational (SGA) infants. Ponderal index (PI) is used to identify wasting. This study aims to evaluate the association between PI values and short-term complications of term SGA infants and evaluate the reliability of PI. A total of 489 term SGA infants were included in this retrospective study. According to the PI values, the neonates were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of infants with low PI (PI < 10th percentile) (n=45), group 2 consisted of infants with appropriate PI (PI 10th-90th percentile) (n=405) and the ones with high PI (PI> 90th percentile) (n=39) constituted group 3. Demographic and clinical data of the mothers and neonates including clinical and laboratory assessments were collected and compared statistically. No difference was observed between the groups other than the incidence of hypoglycemia, jaundice requiring treatment and hospitalization rate, which were all significantly higher in low PI group than the group 2 and 3 (p=0.01, p=0.006 and p=0.04, respectively). None of the babies had severe morbidity or died.Conclusion: Although short-term complications were higher in term SGA infants with low PI, all term SGA infants should be defined as high-risk neonates and deserve special neonatal care and surveillance to prevent short-term complications.