bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benthic habitat mapping using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) on Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Hamidah M , Pasaribu R A , Aditama F A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tidung Island is one of the islands in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This island has various benthic that live on the coastal areas, and benthic habitat has various functions both ecologically and economically. Nowadays, remote sensing technology is one way to detect benthic habitats in coastal areas. Mapping benthic habitat is essential for sustainable coastal resource management and to predict the distribution of benthic organisms. This study aims to map the benthic habitats using the object-based image analysis (OBIA) and calculate the accuracy of benthic habitat classification results in Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. The field data were collected on June 2021, and the image data used is satellite Sentinel-2 imagery acquired in June 2021. The result shows that the benthic habitat classification was produced in 4 classes: seagrass, rubble, sand, and live coral. The accuracy test result obtained an overall accuracy (OA) of 74.29% at the optimum value of the MRS segmentation scale 15;0,1;0.7 with the SVM algorithm. The results of benthic habitat classification show that the Seagrass class dominates the shallow water area at the research site with an area of 118.77 ha followed by Life Coral 104.809 ha, Sand 43.352 ha, and the smallest area is the Rubble class of 42.28 Ha.
Land subsidence detection in Jakarta Province using Sentinel-1A Satellite Imagery
Authors: Situmorang D , Arhatin R E , Lumban-Gaol J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe land surface in Jakarta Province is thought to have experienced relatively continuous subsidence because of natural processes and artificial activities. This research was carried out to evaluate the rate of land subsidence in Jakarta Province. Based on this research, it can be shown from the Sentinel-1A satellite images that there has been landed subsidence. The data used are two pairs of Sentinel-1A Single Looking Complex (SLC) images acquired in 2019 and 2020. The data was processed using the DInSAR method to examine the rate of land subsidence. The results show that the land subsidence rate in Jakarta Province during the 2019-2020 period varies from 1.8 cm to -10.7 cm/year. The literature data results in 2016 experienced a decrease in land subsidence with a significant value of -12.6 cm/year. Land subsidence in 2017 averaged -1.8 cm/year. The land subsidence results from 2019 to 2020 have a value that tends to be lower than in 2016 of - 3.62 cm/year. Land subsidence occurs mostly in coastal areas and near estuaries caused by the nature of alluvial deposition materials. It has caused damages to road infrastructure in several regions of Jakarta Province, such as Mutiara Beach, West Cengkareng, and Pademangan.
Evaluation of altimetry satellite data products and sea level trends in the Indonesian maritime continent
Authors: Lumban-Gaol J , Vignudelli S , Nurjaya I W , Natih N M N , Sinurat M E , Arhatin R E , Kusumaningrum E E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines the accuracy of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) altimetry data products of Copernicus, Colorado University (CU), and X-TRACK-Centre for Topographic studies of the Ocean and Hydrosphere (X-TRACk-CTOH). The SSHA derived from altimetry accuracy was tested by comparison with tide gauge (TG) observations. Taking measurements along the IMC coast demonstrates the excellent agreement between the SSHA derived from altimetry and the TG observations, with an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) as low as 10 cm and a strong correlation. The study’s findings revealed that the Copernicus data products could be used to monitor sea-level variability and trends in the IMC accurately. The 25-year time series data from SSHA demonstrated that the sea-level trend in the IMC is higher than the global trend.
Deoxygenation of the eastern Indonesian waters and its variability
Authors: Triana K , Dwiana K , Supramono D S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long-term ocean deoxygenation could lead to decline biological productivity and alter biogeochemical cycles. Ocean warming contributions to ocean deoxygenation are reasonably understood, however, there is a challenge to reveal the gaps about other modifying factors to explain different regional patterns and predicts the condition in the coming century. This study aimed to identify the deoxygenation areas in the eastern Indonesian waters, understand the variability of physical and chemical parameters as the deoxygenation drivers, and investigate the correlation between parameters. In-situ and satellite-derived data from 1995 to 2020 were analyzed with statistical methods and remote sensing techniques to enhance deoxygenation measures in higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Our findings revealed that significant deoxygenation was detected around the Arafura Sea. The oxygen minimum zone extended at 133.5° – 136.8° E in the depth of 350 – 1,000 meters, with less than 20 mmol/m3 of dissolved oxygen concentration. Nitrate, phosphate, and temperature were identified to have a strong reversed relationship with the oxygen concentration in the study area. This study also developed multiple regression model algorithms to estimate the oxygen concentration in specified depths.
Study of bathymetry in determining Nuclear Power Plant Site in Gosong Beach Waters, West Kalimantan
Authors: Susiati H , Ryanto T A , Suntoko H , Risko  , Muhardi  , Zibar Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gosong Beach waters are located in Bengkayang Regency West Kalimantan, where the water conditions are influenced by the South China Sea. This study aimed to determine the shape of the bottom morphology profile (bathymetry). The bottom morphology of the water was used as initial data to determine the location of nuclear sites in the study area. Bathymetry measurements were conducted using a single beam echosounder corrected by tidal data to determine the chart datum value, then used to correct sea depth for accuracy. The measurement of tidal data was conducted for 15 days in March 2021 with an interval of 1 hour. The results showed that the type of tidal obtained was mixed tide mixed with the double daily slope with Formzhal (F) value 0.77. The depth of the waters at the study site ranges from 0.9 to 8.45 meters. The average value of the coastal slope shows that spatially there are variations in the slope class with the percentage value ranging from 0.13 to 2.29% which is included in the classification of flat coastal slopes.
Transformation and mixing of North Pacific Water Mass in Sangihe-Talaud in August 2019
Authors: Sani I Y , Atmadipoera A S , Purwandana A , Syamsudin F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Along the pathway, ITF water is considered to be transformed due to strong diapycnal mixing. This study aims to describe the structure of ITF water and to estimate turbulent mixing. The number of 6 CTD casts and 9 repeated CTD “yoyo” measurements were obtained from the “Years of Maritime Continent” YMC cruise (a joint cruise between BPPT/IPB/UNUD-Univ. Tokyo/JAMSTEC) and onboard R.V. Baruna Jaya IV in August 2019. The CTD datasets are processed with SBE Data Processing and analyzed for water mass composition, as well as turbulent mixing with Thorpe method. The results showed that thermocline water of NPSW with S-max, and intermediate water of NPIW with S-min from North Pacific origin are dominant. Transformation of NPSW and NPIW along their pathway can be identified from decreasing S-max of NPSW and increasing S-min of NPIW. Estimates of ϵ and Kρ are O(10−5) m2s−2 and 10−2 m2 s−1, respectively. High mixing occur also in the interior layer with the e and the Kp O(10−6) m2s−2 and O(10−1) m2 s−1, respectively. This is related to barotropic tidal activity that interacts with the bottom topography where there are many sills, causing the formation of strong baroclinic tides.
Seasonal coastal upwelling in the Bali Strait: a model study
Authors: Suprianto A , Atmadipoera A S , Lumban-Gaol J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBali Strait is part of fisheries management zone (WPP 573), where abundant fishery potential, of lemuru fish commodity. Here, physical oceanographic setting such as upwelling event plays an important role on maintaining high primary productivity and lemuru fish distribution. This study aims to describe physical process and dynamics of seasonal coastal upwelling using time-series datasets (2008 and 2014) of temperature, salinity, current velocity, surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) from INDESO model and satellite imagery. The results showed that upwelling in the Bali Strait only during the southeast monsoon period when the south-easterly wind force surface Ekman drift of about 5.5 × 10−3Sv flowing south-eastward (toward offshore). Upwelling event is characterized by minimum parameter of sea surface temperature (24.93 °C), and sea level anomaly (0.75 m), but maximum of surface chlorophyll-a (1.33 mg/m3). Furthermore, isotherm of 26 °C and Isohaline 33.7 psu are outcropped at sea surface in the center of upwelling zone. In contrast, during the nortwest monsoon period these isolines remain at deeper layer of about 80-90 m depth. Mean temperature-based upwelling index during peak of upwelling in August (1.19±0.19 °C). Upwelling impact on high abundance of lemuru fish (Sardinellasp.) production two month later after peak of chl-a.
Country-specific emission factor for developing a tier 3 system of Indonesia’s seagrass carbon inventory
Authors: Wahyudi A J , Febriani F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate action regarding carbon inventory requires baseline assessment, data regarding annual changes, and evaluation of reductions in carbon emissions. However, many studies of seagrass ecosystems have focused only on carbon stock and sequestration, neglecting the importance of the carbon emission factor. It is known that emission factors for land-use change, including those in seagrass ecosystems, can be derived from biomass and sediment carbon stock. Since currently Indonesia only has data for biomass carbon stock, we propose the measurement of province-based emission factors. This study combines the available carbon stock data reported in national or international publications and conducts a meta-analysis to obtain emission factor values. The results show that the biomass standing carbon stock of Indonesia’s seagrass meadows ranges from 0.30 tC/ha (i.e., Special Region of Yogyakarta) to 16.51 tC/ha (i.e., Gorontalo province), while emission factor ranges from 0.012 tC/ha/yr to 0.661 tC/ha/yr (equal to 0.05 t CO2/ha/yr to 2.42 t CO2/ha/yr). These findings will be beneficial for developing Tier 3 carbon inventory since they allow country-specific emission factor for the seagrass ecosystem to be measured.
Indirect estimation of turbulent mixing in western route of Indonesian throughflow
Authors: Firdaus M , Rahmawitri H , Haryoadji S , Atmadipoera A S , Suteja Y , Yuliardi A Y , Syamsudin F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) via its western path conveys mainly North Pacific water origin with Smaxthermocline water and Sminintermediate water from its entry portal in Sangihe-Talaud arcs to the main outflow straits in Lombok, Ombai and Timor passage. Along its route, the throughflow water characteristics transforms significantly due to strong diapycnal mixing forced by internal tidal waves interaction along complex topography such as passages, sill, straits, and shallow islands chains. This paper reports a brief estimate of turbulent mixing profiles in Sangihe chains, and Makassar Strait. The CTD dataset are obtained from the year of maritime continent (YMC) Cruise in August 2019 on board the R.V. Baruna Jaya I. The Thorpe method is used to analysis dissipation energy (ε) and vertical diffusivity (Kz) from CTD dataset. It is shown that the highestεepsilon 5.87 × 10−7Wkg−1andKz4.42 × 10−3m2s1are found in the Sangihe area. In Labani Channel and Dewakang Sill the averaged vertical diffusivity is much weaker at the order of 10−4m2s1. Thus, Sangihe Chains station have the highest values compared to other stations at depth 950-1000 meters.
Dynamics of salinity intrusion in the surface and ground water of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India
Authors: Chowdhury A , Naz A , Bhattacharyya S , Sanyal P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sundarban is the world’s largest transboundary contiguous mangrove ecosystem and home of the mangrove dwelling tigers. Sea level rise is destabilizing this ecosystem which is experiencing a rising salinity in surface and ground waters (shallow aquifer). In this study ground water salinity was investigated across Sundarbans and surface water seasonal salinity changes has been investigated along East-west gradient in the region. Statistically significant seasonal as well as spatial variations has been observed in the surface water salinity pattern across this gradient. The post monsoon average surface water salinity was 10.58 ppt while in pre-monsoon it was 27.31 ppt. Ground water salinity was lowest (0.95 ppt) in monsoon while highest in the pre-monsoon season (7.4 ppt). There was a clear east-west gradient in the surface salinity distribution across the delta, indicating a source of fresh water in the eastern corner, bordering Bangladesh. Increasing salinity indicate impact on mangrove diversity with salinity sensitive species (Heritiera fomes, Nypa fruticans) limited to the eastern corner while salinity resilient species (Avicennia marina and Phoenix paludosa) were dominating the western and central part of the Indian Sundarbans. Mangrove associate Acanthus ilicifolius and Heliotropium currasavicum were abundant in the forests under anthropogenic disturbances.
The relationship between oceanographic factors and the ENSO period on weather in Maluku
Authors: Zenyda K S , Dinda A , Lizar I H , Amrullah R , Therie R , Raksadinata H P D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe surrounding waters strongly influence the waters of North Maluku. These waters are the entrance gate for ARLINDO, which is directly related to the Pacific Ocean. To produce scientific knowledge, our study aims to determine the influence of oceanographic factors on the distribution of sea surface temperatures (SST) and wind pattern, which affects the rainfall throughout the west monsoon and transitional seasons in the Indonesian region literacy. We used data from ERDDAP, where SST data was processed using Ocean Data View and wind data using WRPLOT. The SST of North Maluku waters during October 2020-April 2021 ranges from 29.1°C-29.8°C, with the highest sea surface temperature, was seen during November-December 2020 and April 2021. The result demonstrates the highest rainfall data was in February 2021 and the dominant winds come from north and west. These winds bring water vapor particles that become convective clouds that increase rainfall in Indonesia, especially in the eastern region. Meanwhile, SST originating from the Pacific Ocean moved due to the Walker Circulation from the east. This further caused the SST from the Pacific Ocean that brought a warm water move towards Indonesian waters.
Seasonal Ekman upwelling in the Southwest Sumba from INDESO Model
Authors: Suryadarma M W , Atmadipoera A S , Natih N M N , Koch-Larrouy A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Southwest Sumba water is part of the Indonesian fisheries management region (WPP573). Marine fisheries resources are influenced by oceanographic phenomena such as an upwelling event. This study aims to describe characteristics of seasonal Ekman upwelling by analyzing oceanographic parameters from the validated INDESO model output (2008-2014). It shows that upwelling event in the study area occurs during the Southeast Monsoon period, which creates an Ekman drift of 0.26 Sv towards offshore. This transported water mass is then replaced by an upwelled vertical flow of sub-surface colder and nutrient-rich water at the velocity of the order of 10−4 m/s. Surface features of the upwelling event are seen from a minimum temperature (24.3 °C), sea level anomaly (0.34 m), but the maximum of chlorophyll-a (3.02 mg/m3). During this time, an uplifted isotherm of 25.5 °C is found from sub-surface to 10 m depth, but it is outcropped at the sea surface in the centre of upwelling area. Interestingly, during upwelling event, salinity stratification revealed an isohaline of 34.10 psu is much deeper at 40 m depth, and much fresher water mass from the Ombai Indonesian Throughflow water is dominant. Averaged temperature-based upwelling index between June-September is about 0.3 °C.
Estimation of carbon stock in seagrass communities in Central Tapanuli
Authors: Harahap Z A , Khairunnisa  , Susetya I E , Rahayu Y P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the carbon stock in seagrass communities in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted from July to August 2020 in the coastal areas of Hajoran and Jago Jago. The parameters measured in this study were density, coverage, biomass, carbon content, and carbon stock in seagrass. Biomass analysis and carbon measurement are divided into the top (above-ground biomass) and the bottom substrate (below-ground biomass). Carbon measurements are conducted using the loss on ignition (LOI) approach. The results showed that the seagrass ecosystem on the coast of Central Tapanuli Regency, which was covered by monospecies Enhalus acoroides, was in a less healthy condition with a cover percentage of 30.3-33.3% and a density of 59-67 shoots/m2. Above-ground and below-ground seagrass biomass reached 140.19-188.72 g/m2 and 368.13-423.69 g/m2 respectively, while carbon stock reached 70.57-94.86 g Corg/m2 and 18731-19603 g Corg/m2 and total standing stock range 257.87-290.90 g Corg/m2. The data obtained from this research can be used as a database to see the potential of seagrass beds as storage of CO2 and as an effort to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
Spatial-temporal habitat suitability for lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) using the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) and Maximum Entropy model in the Bali Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Gustantia N , Osawa T , Adnyana I W S , Novianto D , Chonnaniyah  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru), the most dominant fishery resource, has economic values for the fisherman fishing activities in the Bali Strait (between Jawa and Bali islands), Indonesia. Spatial and temporal prediction for the fishing location is essential information for effective fisheries management. The high spatial resolution of sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) by the second-generation global imager (SGLI) on the global change observation mission (GCOM-C) satellite was employed for the input of the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) to predict the potential fishing area of lemuru fish in 2020. This study analyzed SST and Chl-a using the SGLI data and shows the variability of SST and Chl-a for lemuru fish-catching data. The MaxEnt model performance to predict the habitat suitability for lemuru fish in the Bali Strait has been shown in this study. As a result, the maximum average Chl-a estimated in August 2020 was around 1.62 mg m−3 and maximum SST in March 2020 around 28.12°C. The correlation between SST and Chl-a with total lemuru fish-catching were -0.209 and 0.375 for SST and Chl-a, respectively. The prediction of lemuru fishing areas using the MaxEnt model showed excellent model evaluations with a correlation value higher than 0.80.
Optimization of surface roughness and machining parameters for turning superalloy GH4169 under high-pressure cooling
Authors: Zhang Yali , Wu Mingyang , Liu Keke , Zhang Jianyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Superalloys are important structural materials in the aerospace and petrochemical industries. Because of their excellent fatigue and oxidation resistance, superalloys are usually used predominantly in rotor and turbine components. The requirement of good surface quality and high-precision processes has been widely concerned. High-pressure cooling is a commonly used auxiliary processing technology in the metal cutting field, which can efficiently improve the quality of the processed surface. It is of great significance to study the surface roughness of GH4169 processed by cutting under high-pressure cooling conditions. First, the single-factor and orthogonal experiment methods were used. The single factors, interaction effect, and quadratic effect of cutting parameters and cooling pressure were analyzed. Then, the multiple linear regression method was adopted to establish the prediction model for surface roughness of GH4169, and the accuracy of this model was verified. Finally, according to the prediction model, the machining parameters were optimized and verified. The results indicated that the proposed model was accurate and reliable, which could be used to optimize the machining parameters. The optimal parameter combination was achieved, with the cutting speed of 154 m min−1, the feed rate of 0.10 mm/r, the cutting depth of 0.46 mm, and the cooling pressure of 52 bar. Under this parameter setting, the prediction error was 4.20%, and the surface roughness was 34.92% less than that obtained under the actually recommended machining parameters. The above results will provide theoretical guidance for the parameter optimization of cutting superalloy under high-pressure cooling conditions and quality control of the processed surface.
Capillary network formation and structure in a modified discrete mathematical model of angiogenesis
Authors: Soltani M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Angiogenesis, as part of cancer development, involves hierarchical complicated events and processes. Multiple studies have revealed the significance of the formation and structure of tumor-induced capillary networks. In this study, a discrete mathematical model of angiogenesis is studied and modified to capture the realistic physics of capillary network formation. Modifications are performed on the mathematical foundations of an existing discrete model of angiogenesis. The main modifications are the imposition of the matrix density effect, implementation of realistic boundary and initial conditions, and improvement of the method of governing equations based on physical observation. Results show that endothelial cells accelerate angiogenesis and capillary formation as they migrate toward the tumor and clearly exhibit the physical concept of haptotactic movement. On the other hand, consideration of blood flow-induced stress leads to a dynamic adaptive vascular network of capillaries which intelligibly reflects the brush border effect . The present modified model of capillary network formation is based on the physical rationale that defines a clear mathematical and physical interpretation of angiogenesis, which is likely to be used in cancer development modeling and anti-angiogenic therapies.