bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International trade barriers and regional employment: the case of a no-deal Brexit
Authors: Brautzsch Hans-Ulrich , Holtemöller Oliver 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) combined with regional sectoral employment data to estimate the potential regional employment effects of international trade barriers. We study the case of a no-deal Brexit in which imports to the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) would be subject to tariffs and non-tariff trade costs. First, we derive the decline in UK final goods imports from the EU from industry-specific international trade elasticities, tariffs and non-tariff trade costs. Using input–output analysis, we estimate the potential output and employment effects for 56 industries and 43 countries on the national level. The absolute effects would be largest in big EU countries which have close trade relationships with the UK, such as Germany and France. However, there would also be large countries outside the EU which would be heavily affected via global value chains, such as China, for example. The relative effects (in percent of total employment) would be largest in Ireland followed by Belgium. In a second step, we split up the national effects on the NUTS-2 level for EU member states and additionally on the county (NUTS-3) level for Germany. The share of affected workers varies between 0.03% and 3.4% among European NUTS-2 regions and between 0.15% and 0.4% among German counties. A general result is that indirect effects via global value chains, i.e., trade in intermediate inputs, are more important than direct effects via final demand.
Test review of Iranian university entrance exam: English Konkur examination
Authors: Khodi Ali , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad , Karami Hossein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present paper appraises a standardized test, the entrance exam of Iranian universities, known as “Konkur” that is administered annually as a means of gaining admission to higher education in Iran. This norm-referenced test is administered for students majoring in mathematics, experimental sciences, and humanities whose scores along their weighted GPAs in the last 3 years of high school are used as indicators of students’ rank. Based on the rank achieved, they would find the opportunity to select the highly regarded university for their education. Due to the importance of such a high-stake test which may bring about social and long-time consequences for the participants, the present paper tries to evaluate the test and its psychometrics aspects. It is ostensible that the exam provides a limited situation for measuring the participants “knowledge of language” rather than their “knowledge about language.” Therefore, the dimensionality and validity of the test are debatable. Thus, the present review tries to characterize Konkur examination and discusses the rooms for untouched aspects for the betterment of its quality.
Assessing the treatment of cannabidiolic acid methyl ester: a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid on c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus of rats
Authors: Murillo-Rodríguez Eric , Millán-Aldaco Diana , Arankowsky-Sandoval Gloria , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Pertwee Roger G. , Parker Linda , Mechoulam Raphael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic compound from Cannabis sativa, shows positive results on controlling several health disturbances; however, comparable data regarding additional chemical from C. sativa, such as cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is scarce due to its instability. To address this limitation, a stable CBDA analogue, CBDA methyl ester (HU-580), was synthetized and showed CBDA-like effects. Recently, we described that HU-580 increased wakefulness and wake-related neurochemicals.

Objective
To extend the comprehension of HU-580´s properties on waking, the c-Fos and NeuN expression in a wake-linked brain area, the hypothalamus was evaluated.

Methods
c-Fos and NeuN expression in hypothalamic sections were analyzed after the injections of HU-580 (0.1 or 100 μg/kg, i.p.).

Results
Systemic administrations of HU-580 increased c-Fos and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) expression in hypothalamic nuclei, including the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsal part, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus compact part, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ventral part.

Conclusion
HU-580 increased c-Fos and NeuN immunoreactivity in hypothalamus nuclei suggesting that this drug might modulate the sleep–wake cycle by engaging the hypothalamus.
Specialist teams as constituted are unsatisfactory for treating people with personality disorders
Authors: Duggan Conor , Tyrer Peter 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIt is now becoming standard practice in most advanced economies to provide specialist services for those with personality disorder. Such services, almost exclusively, provide complex well-structured psychological interventions lasting many months for a small number of those with borderline personality disorder pathology. The evidence suggests that these treatments are effective but they can only be provided for a small number of people. However, in every area the numbers of patients with significant personality disorder far exceeds those that are treated, and most of these have other personality disorders. It is argued that the current service system is not working efficiently and should be replaced by one that provides resources and expertise within community teams with some external advice from specialists but no transfer of responsibility to a designated team.
“To Conclude on a General Union” Masculinity, the Chickamauga, and Pan-Indian Alliances in the Revolutionary Era
Authors: Mize Jamie Myers 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Utilizing gender as a lens for understanding the political decisions of Cherokee men in the Revolutionary era, this article examines the evolution of Cherokee manhood as Cherokee men renegotiated their masculinity in the wake of colonial pressures. A group known as the Chickamauga sought to maintain historic expressions of manhood and developed several strategies to do so. In particular, Chickamauga men worked tirelessly to establish pan-Indian alliances and to unite military efforts against American settlers. Amid these efforts, the warrior-diplomat emerged as a masculine ideal in Cherokee society.
Helical Homometallic Trinickel String Complexes with Mixed Hard Nitrogen and Sulfur Donors: Structural and Magnetic Studies
Authors: Cheng Ming-Chuan , Cheng Chien-Hung , Chen Po-Jung , Lin Tien-Sung , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Liu Yu-Chiao , Chiang Ming-Hsi , Peng Shie-Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A new tridentate and rigid ligand containing S,N-hetero donor, the 1H-1,8-naphthyridine-2-thione (Hnpt), is designed and developed to build up the first homonuclear nickel string supported by the mixed-donor ligands. Three asymmetric nickel strings possessing the structural feature of the (4,0) configuration are synthesized, namely the (4,0)-Ni3(npt)4(NCS) (1), (4,0)-[Ni3(npt)4(NCS)](PF6) (2) and (4,0)-Ni3(npt)4(NCS)2 (3). Due to the nature of the naphthyridyl group and sulfur donor, complex 1 is composed of one stabilized mixed-valent unit [Ni2]3+ and one low spin nickel thiolate. 1 and 2 are the quasi-1D coordination polymers in the solid-state, in which the molecules are linked by the weak intermolecular Ni⋯SCN interactions. 2 and 3 possess the same Ni36+ oxidized state with the different donation of axial ligands. The weaker donor in 2 yields the low spin state in the middle Ni(II). The stronger axial donor and the rigidity of ligand in 3 lead to the change of torsion angle, creating the unprecedented high spin Ni(II) inside the nickel string. This high spin Ni(II) with the square planar geometry is an unusual structure and magnetism among nickel strings. Detailed magnetic studies allow us to establish the spin state of each nickel in these three complexes. Besides, three different torsion angles with the same ligand and metal provide us with an opportunity to examine the factors governing the helicity of rigid ligands.
A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform
Authors: Bachtiar Boy M. , Theodorea Citra F. , Tahapary Dicky L. , Astrella Cindy , - Natalina , Bachtiar Endang W. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes. Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data. Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
Psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of poisoning in Nepal: an institutional experience
Authors: Basnet Angela , Shrestha Dhan , Chaulagain Sabin , Thapa Ashok , Khadka Manoj , Regmi Bishal , Khadka Manita , Adhikari Kabita , Thapa Anil Jung , Pokharel Sakar , Singh Kaushal Kumar , Syangtang Prajwal , Adhikari Surakchha 
Published: July 2021

Background Poisoning has become a major public health problem, with the intent in most cases being self-harm and commit suicide. This study highlights the psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients visiting Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital after poisoning. Methods This retrospective record-based study was done among poisoning patients of a hospital in Nepal from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15. Results Out of 134 total poisoning cases, 71 had consumed organophosphate compounds. The majority of the cases were female (59.2% in organophosphate groups, 69.8% in non-organophosphate groups). The circumstances of poisoning were mostly suicidal (95.8% in organophosphate groups, 90.5% in non-organophosphate groups) and the reasons for this being mostly family disputes. Organophosphate groups had 8.41 times higher odds of having complications when compared to non-organophosphorus compounds. Conclusions The majority of the poisoning cases were suicidal in nature and family disputes being the major reason for the intake of a poisonous substance. This demands that more attention be given to psychological and family counseling to resolve any disputes, as well as psychological management of poisoning cases after medical management. Also, a strong regulatory mechanism should be imposed to control the easy access to poisonous substances.
Psychological distress, resettlement stress, and lower school engagement among Arabic-speaking refugee parents in Sydney, Australia: A cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Baker Jess R. , Silove Derrick , Horswood Deserae , Al-Shammari Afaf , Mohsin Mohammed , Rees Susan , Eapen Valsamma 
Published: July 2021

Background
Schools play a key role in supporting the well-being and resettlement of refugee children, and parental engagement with the school may be a critical factor in the process. Many resettlement countries have policies in place to support refugee parents’ engagement with their children’s school. However, the impact of these programs lacks systematic evaluation. This study first aimed to validate self-report measures of parental school engagement developed specifically for the refugee context, and second, to identify parent characteristics associated with school engagement, so as to help tailor support to families most in need.

Methods and findings
The report utilises 2016 baseline data of a cohort study of 233 Arabic-speaking parents (77% response rate) of 10- to 12-year-old schoolchildren from refugee backgrounds across 5 schools in Sydney, Australia. Most participants were born in Iraq (81%) or Syria (11%), and only 25% spoke English well to very well. Participants’ mean age was 40 years old, and 83% were female. Confirmatory factor analyses were run on provisional item sets identified from a literature review and separate qualitative study. The findings informed the development of 4 self-report tools assessing parent engagement with the school and school community, school belonging, and quality of the relationship with the schools’ bilingual cultural broker. Cronbach alpha and Pearson correlations with an established Teacher–Home Communication subscale demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.67 to 0.80) and construct and convergent validity of the measures (p < 0.01), respectively.
Parent characteristics were entered into respective least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. The degree of parents’ psychological distress (as measured by the Kessler10 self-report instrument) and postmigration living difficulties (PLMDs) were each associated with lower school engagement and belonging, whereas less time lived in Australia, lower education levels, and an unemployed status were associated with higher ratings in relationship quality with the schools’ cultural broker. Study limitations include the cross-sectional design and the modest amount of variance (8% to 22%) accounted for by the regression models.

Conclusions
The study offers preliminary refugee-specific measures of parental school engagement. It is expected they will provide a resource for evaluating efforts to support the integration of refugee families into schools. The findings support the need for initiatives that identify and support parents with school-attending children from refugee backgrounds who are experiencing psychological distress or resettlement stressors. At the school level, the findings suggest that cultural brokers may be effective in targeting newly arrived families.
Impact of assumptions on future costs, disutility and mortality in cost-effectiveness analysis; a model exploration
Authors: Omidvari Amir-Houshang , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , de Koning Harry J. , Meester Reinier G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
In cost-effectiveness analyses, the future costs, disutility and mortality from alternative causes of morbidity are often not completely taken into account. We explored the impact of different assumed values for each of these factors on the cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Methods
Twenty different CRC screening strategies and two EAC screening strategies were evaluated using microsimulation. Average health-related expenses, disutility and mortality by age for the U.S. general population were estimated using surveys and lifetables. First, we evaluated strategies under default assumptions, with average mortality, and no accounting for health-related costs and disutility. Then, we varied costs, disutility and mortality between 100% and 150% of the estimated population averages, with 125% as the best estimate. Primary outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained among efficient strategies.

Results
The set of efficient strategies was robust to assumptions on future costs, disutility and mortality from other causes of morbidity. However, the incremental cost per QALY gained increased with higher assumed values. For example, for CRC, the ratio for the recommended strategy increased from $15,600 with default assumptions, to $32,600 with average assumption levels, $61,100 with 25% increased levels, and $111,100 with 50% increased levels. Similarly, for EAC, the incremental costs per QALY gained for the recommended EAC screening strategy increased from $106,300 with default assumptions to $198,300 with 50% increased assumptions. In sensitivity analyses without discounting or including only above-average expenses, the impact of assumptions was relatively smaller, but best estimates of the cost per QALY gained remained substantially higher than default estimates.

Conclusions
Assumptions on future costs, utility and mortality from other causes of morbidity substantially impact cost-effectiveness outcomes of cancer screening. More empiric evidence and consensus are needed to guide assumptions in future analyses.
Trajectories of frailty in aging: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Verghese Joe , Ayers Emmeline , Sathyan Sanish , Lipton Richard B. , Milman Sofiya , Barzilai Nir , Wang Cuiling 
Published: July 2021

Background
Emerging evidence suggests that there is significant variability in the progression of frailty in aging. We aimed to identify latent subpopulations of frailty trajectories, and examine their clinical and biological correlates.

Methods
We characterized frailty using a 41-item cumulative deficit score at baseline and annual visits up to 12 years in 681 older adults (55% women, mean age 74·6 years). Clinical risk profile and walking while talking performance as a clinical marker of trajectories were examined. Mortality risk associated with trajectories was evaluated using Cox regression adjusted for established survival predictors, and reported as hazard ratios (HR). Proteome-wide analysis was done.

Findings
Latent class modeling identified 4 distinct frailty trajectories: relatively stable (34·4%) as well as mild (36·1%), moderate (24·1%) and severely frail (5·4%). Four distinct classes of frailty trajectories were also shown in an independent sample of 515 older adults (60% women, 68% White, 26% Black). The stable group took a median of 31 months to accumulate one additional deficit compared to 20 months in the severely frail group. The worst trajectories were associated with modifiable risk factors such as low education, living alone, obesity, and physical inactivity as well as slower walking while talking speed. In the pooled sample, mild (HR 2·33, 95% CI 1·30–4·18), moderate (HR 2·49, 95% CI 1·33–4·66), and severely frail trajectories (HR 5·28, 95% CI 2·68–10·41) had higher mortality compared to the stable group. Proteomic analysis showed 11 proteins in lipid metabolism and growth factor pathways associated with frailty trajectories.

Conclusion
Frailty shows both stable and accelerated patterns in aging, which can be distinguished clinically and biologically.
Intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19 and associated factors among health professionals working at public hospitals in resource limited settings
Authors: Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Kanfe Shuma Gosha , Jarso Mohammedamin Hajure 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundsHealth professionals are among the frontline of COVID-19 pandemic exposure and identified as a priority target group that need to receive COVID-19 vaccines. However, intention to receive vaccine is still matters the extent of COVID-19 vaccinations among health professionals. This study aimed to assess intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that will determine their intention among health professionals working at public hospitals of Illu Aba Bora and Buno Bedelle zone hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was applied to assess the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines among health professionals working in public health hospitals of Illu Aba Bora and Buno Bedelle zone hospitals. Self-administered questionnaire were used for assessing intention to receive COVID-19 Vaccine. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine with p-value< 0.05 as cutoff point for statistical significance at 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultIn this study, almost half of respondents 217(53.1% [95.0%: CI 49.3–58.9]) of study participants scored above the mean. Attitude (β = 0.54, 95% CI: [0.49, 0.63], p<0.01), knowledge (β = 0.27, 95% CI: [0.21, 0.35], p<0.01, perception (β = 0.43, 95% CI: [0.39, 0.56], p = 0.02 and age (β = 0.64, 95% CI: [0.51, 0.72], p<0.01 were variables associated with intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19.ConclusionsThis study result indicated that the overall magnitude of intention to receive COVID-19 is low. increasing attitudes, knowledge and perception among health professionals related to COVID-19 vaccine will helps to increase the overall intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19.
Dacriocistorrinostomía Endoscópica
Authors: Fernandez Cascon Sara , De las Heras Florez Paula , Herrero Agustin Javier , Santos Perez Jaime , Gil-Carcedo Sañudo Elisa , Morales Medina Gabriela 
Published: July 2021

Introducción y objetivo: La patología crónica de la vía lagrimal es frecuente en nuestros días, y su tratamiento quirúrgico se realiza mediante técnicas de dacriocistorrinostomia (DCR), pudiendo ser por abordaje externo o endonasal. El objetivo de dicho artículo, es la realización de una revisión de la DCR endoscópica, sus indicaciones, técnica quirúrgica y las posibles complicaciones: Método: Revisión narrativa. Resultados y conclusiones: La tasa de éxito obtenida con un abordaje endonasal endoscópico, es muy similar al de la DCR externa, considerada el ‘’gold standard’’; ofreciendo ventajas respecto a ésta como la ausencia de cicatriz facial y evitar la manipulación canalicular, que puede llevar a posibles estenosis posteriores. La DCR endoscópica es una técnica quirúrgica relativamente sencilla y rápida para la que se necesita instrumental básico de cirugía endoscópica. Las posibles complicaciones son infrecuentes, y de fácil control.
estenosis.