bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Oronsky Bryan , Reid Tony R. , Oronsky Arnold , Sandhu Navjot , Knox Susan J. 
Published: February 2021

Glioblastoma is an aggressive and inevitably recurrent primary intra-axial brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. The current mainstay of treatment involves maximally safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy over a 6-week period with concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy followed by temozolomide maintenance. This review provides a summary of the epidemiological, clinical, histologic and genetic characteristics of newly diagnosed disease as well as the current standard of care and potential future therapeutic prospects.
Pediatric Immunization Practices in Nephrotic Syndrome: An Assessment of Provider and Parental Knowledge
Authors: Tran Cheryl L. , Selewski David T. , Oh Gia J. , Troost Jonathan P. , Massengill Susan F. , Al-Akash Samhar I. , Mahesh Shefali , Amin Rasheda , Ashoor Isa F. , Chanchlani Rahul , Kallash Mahmoud , Woroniecki Robert P. , Gipson Debbie S. 
Published: February 2021

Background:Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at high risk for vaccine-preventable infections due to the immunological effects from the disease and concurrent treatment with immunosuppressive medications. Immunizations in these patients may be deferred due to their immunosuppressive treatment which may increase the risk for vaccine-preventable infections. Immunization practices in children with NS continue to vary among pediatric nephrologists. This raises the question of whether children with NS are receiving the recommended vaccinations at appropriate times. Therefore, it is critical to understand the practices and patient education provided by physicians to patients on the topic of vaccinations.Methods:After informed consent, parents/guardians of 153 pediatric patients (&lt;18 years old) diagnosed with NS from 2005 to 2018 and 50 pediatric nephrologists from 11 participating centers completed anonymous surveys to evaluate immunization practices among pediatric nephrologists, assess the vaccine education provided to families of children with NS, assess the parental knowledge of immunization recommendations, and assess predictors of polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine adherence. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Immunization 2019 Guideline for those with altered immunocompetence was used to determine accuracy of vaccine knowledge and practices.Results:Forty-four percent of providers self-reported adherence to the ACIP guidelines for inactive vaccines and 22% to the guidelines for live vaccines. Thirty-two percent of parents/guardians reported knowledge that aligned with the ACIP guidelines for inactive vaccines and 1% for live vaccines. Subjects residing in the Midwest and provider recommendations for vaccines were positive predictors of vaccine adherence (p&lt; 0.001 andp0.02, respectively).Conclusions:Vaccine recommendation by medical providers is paramount in vaccine adherence among pediatric patients with NS. This study identifies potential educational opportunities for medical subspecialty providers and family caregivers about immunization recommendations for immunosuppressed patients.
Drug Induced Liver Injury in Geriatric Patients Detected by a Two-Hospital Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program: A Comprehensive Analysis Using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method
Authors: Pedraza Laura , Laosa Olga , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Gutiérrez-Romero Diego F , Frías Jesús , Carnicero José Antonio , Ramírez Elena 
Published: February 2021

Background/aim: A prospective evaluation of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in two tertiary hospitals was conducted through a pharmacovigilance program from laboratory signals at hospital (PPLSH) to determine the principal characteristics of DILI in patients older than 65 years, a growing age group worldwide, which is underrepresented in the literature on DILI.Methods: All DILI in patients older than 65 years detected by PPLSH in two hospitals were followed up for 8 years in the La Paz Hospital and 2 years in the Getafe Hospital. A descriptive analysis was conducted that determined the causality of DILI and suspected drugs, the incidence of DILI morbidities, DILI characteristics, laboratory patterns, evolution and outcomes.Results: 458 DILI cases in 441 patients were identified, 31.0% resulting in hospitalisation and 69.0% developing during hospitalisation. The mean age was 76.61 years old (SD, 7.9), and 54.4% were women. The DILI incidence was 76.33/10,000 admissions (95%CI 60.78–95.13). Polypharmacy (taking &gt;4 drugs) was present in 86.84% of patients, 39.68% of whom took &gt;10 drugs. The hepatocellular phenotype was the most frequent type of DILI (53.29%), a higher proportion (65%) had a mild severity index, and, in 55.2% of the evaluated drugs the RUCAM indicated that the causal relationship was highly probable. The most frequently employed drugs were paracetamol (50-cases), amoxicillin-clavulanate (42-cases) and atorvastatin (37-cases). The incidence rate of in-hospital DILI per 10,000 DDDs was highest for piperacillin-tazobactam (66.96/10,000 DDDs). A higher risk of in-hospital DILI was associated with the therapeutic chemical group-J (antiinfectives for systemic use) (OR, 2.65; 95%CI 1.58–4.46) and group-N (central nervous system drugs) (OR, 2.33; 95%CI 1.26–4.31). The patients taking &gt;4 medications presented higher maximum creatinine level (OR, 2.01; 95%CI 1.28–3.15), and the patients taking &gt;10 medications had a higher use of group J drugs (OR, 2.08; 95%IC 1.31–3.32).Conclusion: The incidence rate of DILI in the patients older than 65 years was higher than expected. DILI in elderly patients is mild, has a good outcome, has a hepatocellular pattern, develops during hospitalisation, and prolongs the hospital stay. Knowing the DILI incidence and explanatory factors will help improve the therapy of the elderly population.
The Design of 50 GHz Gallium Arsenide Electro-Optic Modulator Arrays for Satellite Communications Systems
Authors: Walker Robert Graham , Zhou Yi 
Published: February 2021

Considerations are presented for the design of GaAs traveling-wave electro-optic modulator arrays for space data-link applications. Central to the modulator design is a low loss folded optical configuration giving direct, straight-line radio frequency (RF) access at one end of the device, with all fiber-optical ports at the opposite end. This configuration is a critical enabler for the close-packed monolithic modulator arrays needed for multi-channel applications. It also leads to much more compact packaging, improved fiber handling and contributes to high modulation bandwidths with low ripple by eliminating directional change in the RF feed arrangements. Both single Mach-Zehnder (MZ) and monolithic dual-parallel (IQ) modulators have been assessed up to 70 GHz, with bandwidths around 50 GHz achieved with a low-frequency ON/OFF voltage swing (Vπ) of 4.6 V (a voltage. length product of 8.3 Vcm). The folded devices can be significantly more compact than conventional ‘straight in-line’ modulators, while a modest array of devices (e.g., ×4) can be accommodated in a package of similar dimensions to a single modulator. Design considerations for monolithic arrays of independently addressed MZ modulators (each with its own input fiber) are discussed and practical configurations proposed.
Determinants of Health and Physical Activity Levels Among Breast Cancer Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gurgel Aline Rachel Bezerra , Mingroni-Netto Pedro , Farah Jose Carlos , de Brito Christina May Moran , Levin Anna S. , Brum Patricia Chakur 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIncreased exercise and physical activity levels are recommended throughout cancer therapy and survivorship. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent social distancing are likely to cause a decline in physical activity.Objectiveto evaluate the level of unsupervised physical activity of breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the factors associated with difficulties in engaging and maintaining recommended physical activity levels.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 37 breast cancer survivors. They participated in a canoeing training program (project Remama) at the University of São Paulo before the COVID-19 pandemic. Socioeconomic aspects, engagement in physical activity, motivation, and potential exposure to COVID-19 were investigated through an online survey, administered in September of 2020.ResultsDuring the pandemic, participants increased their body weight (5 ± 3.4 kg); 90% reported decreasing physical activity levels associated with increased sedentary time. Twenty-one (58%) participants exhibited some COVID-19-related symptoms, most used public transportation (59%), or returned to work during the period of a high incidence of COVID-19. The only factor associated with perceived difficulty in engaging in physical activities was having had more than three cancer treatments (RR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.07–4.27).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a group of previously active breast cancer survivors to decrease their physical activity, gain weight, and have sedentary behavior. Specific tailored-care interventions are needed to prevent these occurrences, as overweight and physical inactivity may impose an additional risk for breast cancer recurrence and a severe course of COVID-19 in cancer patients.
Community Rehabilitation and Hospitalizations Among People With Chronic Psychotic Disorder: Is There a Differential Association by Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder?
Authors: Florentin Sharon , Rosca Paola , Bdolah-Abram Tali , Neumark Yehuda 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Co-occurrence of chronic psychotic disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) is clinically challenging and increasingly prevalent. In 2000, legislation was passed in Israel to foster rehabilitation and integration in the community of persons with mental health disorders. In 2010, the need to allocate resources for patients with these co-occurring disorders (COD) was officially recognized. Yet, most rehabilitation services were not specifically designed for COD. This study examines the relationship between duration of community rehabilitation and number of psychiatric hospitalization days among persons with/without COD in Israel.Methods: Data from the National Psychiatric Case Register on 18,684 adults with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders hospitalized in 1963–2016, was merged with data from the Israel Mental Rehabilitation Register. Associations and interactions between COD-status (COD/non-COD), time-period (Period1: 2001–2009, Period2: 2010–2016), duration of housing or vocational rehabilitation on hospitalization days per year were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.Results: The proportion of non-COD chronic psychotic patients who received rehabilitation services increased from 56% in Period1 to 63% in Period2, as it did among COD patients—from 30 to 35%. The proportion of non-COD patients who received longer-duration vocational rehabilitation (≥1 year) was significantly higher (43%) than among COD patients (28%) in both time periods. For housing rehabilitation, these proportions were 79 and 68%, respectively. Persons with COD experienced more hospitalization days annually than non-COD patients. Duration of rehabilitation (less/more than a year) was inversely associated with annual number of hospitalization days (p &lt; 0.0001). This pattern was noted in both COD and non-COD groups and remained significant after controlling for age, sex, COD group, percent of hospitalizations with SUD, and age at first hospitalization.Conclusions: COD patients with prolonged rehabilitation seemingly achieve long-term clinical improvement similar to non-COD patients, despite most rehabilitation settings in Israel not being designed for COD patients. Yet, COD patients receive overall less rehabilitation services and for shorter periods than non-COD patients. Long-term rehabilitation services should be provided to COD patients, who may need more time to commit to treatment. To achieve better long-term mental health improvements, a continued expansion of community-based integrative treatment and rehabilitation services for COD patients is needed in Israel.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients With a New Diagnosis of Carriage or Clinical Infection With Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Adar Assaf , Zayyad Hiba , Azrad Maya , Libai Kozita , Aharon Ilana , Nitzan Orna , Peretz Avi 
Published: February 2021

Background: To examine the clinical, demographic, and microbiologic characteristics of new rectal carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CP-CRE) carriers vs. those with a clinical infection, hospitalized at Padeh-Poriya Medical Center between 2014 and 2017 and to examine the susceptibility profiles of isolates from clinical infections.Methods: In this retrospective, chart analysis, demographic and clinical data were collected from medical charts of 175 adult patients with either new- onset carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carriage or clinical CPE infection. Collected data included age, ethnic group, place of residence, hospitalizations in the past 90 days, and 30-day mortality. Microbiological analyses considered bacterial genus, molecular resistance mechanism and antibiotic susceptibility.Results: A significantly higher percentage (42.4%) of CPE carriers were long-term care facility residents, and had been recently hospitalized (56.3%), as compared to patients with clinical CPE infection (29.2 and 45.9%, respectively). Additionally, we noted a high (58.3%) acquision of CPE in our hospital. The most common bacterial isolate was K. pneumoniae and the most common resistance mechanism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) carbapenemases (KPC). High susceptibility rates to amikacin and chloramphenicol were also noted.Conclusions: This study reaffirmed the importance of CPE screening and infection control measures. The observed antibiotic susceptibility profile suggests amikacin and chloramphenicol as potential treatments for CPE infection.
Perceptions of the Importance of Advance Care Planning During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Adults Living With HIV
Authors: Nguyen Annie L. , Davtyan Mariam , Taylor Jeff , Christensen Christopher , Brown Brandon 
Published: February 2021

Background: The importance of advance care planning (ACP) discussions have been heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed advance directive completion, healthcare proxy (HCP), and attitudes toward ACP among older adults ages 50+ living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Internet-based surveys were administered to 100 participants residing in the Coachella Valley, California from April to June 2020. We examined self-reported completion of an advance directive, HCP, and attitudes toward ACP before and after COVID-19. Adjusted regressions were performed on attitudes toward ACP.Results: Participants' mean age was 64.2 years, most were non-Hispanic white (88.0%), men (96.0%), and identified as sexual minorities (96.0%). Many reported having an advance directive (59.6%) or HCP (67.3%). Most (57.6%) believed ACP to be more important now compared to the pre-pandemic era. Having an advance directive was associated with increase in age, higher education, living with other people, never having an AIDS diagnosis, and current undetectable viral load (p &lt; 0.05). Having a HCP was associated with higher education, being married/partnered, and living with other people (p &lt; 0.05). In a logistic regression model adjusted for education and living situation, the belief that ACP was more important during COVID was associated with not having an advance directive (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 1.78–14.40) and fear of COVID-19 infection (OR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.61–10.76.)Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic presents a window of opportunity to engage people aging with HIV in ACP discussions, particularly those who do not already have an advance directive.
Abnormal increase of 2DEG density in AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown on free-standing GaN substrate
Authors: Chu Jiayan , Wang Quan , Feng Chun , Jiang Lijuan , Li Wei , Liu Hongxin , Wang Qian , Xiao Hongling , Wang Xiaoliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were grown on a GaN template and GaN substrate under the same growth conditions. It was observed that, in the HEMT structure grown on the GaN substrate, mobility decreased because of an increase in the two-dimensional electron-gas (2DEG) density; the origin of these redundant electrons was studied. The 2DEG density decreased with decreasing temperature, this phenomenon closely related to unintentionally induced shallow donors with ionization energy calculated to be around 67.8 meV. After Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio regulation, the 2DEG density returned to a normal level; this combined with photoluminescence, confirmed for the first time that the abnormal increase of 2DEG density in HEMT structure grown on the GaN substrate is associated with nitrogen vacancies. Therefore, increasing the Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio is beneficial for obtaining higher mobility by returning the 2DEG density to a normal level.
First-principles study of strain effect on oxygen vacancy in silicon oxide
Authors: Yata Kohei , Kageshima Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The strain dependence of stability and diffusion barrier height of the O vacancy in Si oxide is examined using the first-principles calculation. It is found that the stability and the diffusion barrier height increase as the oxide is compressed. The analysis shows that the diffusion barrier height is determined by the Si–Si distance of the O vacancy. Based on these results, the dielectric breakdown of the gate Si oxide film in the three-dimensional structure metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is also considered. It is suggested that the interfacial O-vacancy density increases because the interfacial oxide is subjected to compressive strain. On the other hand, the surface O-vacancy density decreases and the surface O-vacancy diffusion is promoted because the surface oxide is subjected to tensile strain. The reliability of the oxide film might be thus affected by the strain.
Technology computer-aided design simulation of phonon heat transport in semiconductor devices
Authors: Hattori Junichi , Ikegami Tsutomu , Fukuda Koichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider a method to simulate heat transport by phonons together with charge transport by electrons and holes that is applicable to standard technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulators. Because our proposed method handles each phonon mode separately, it can connect the atomistic calculation of phonon properties of materials directly to the TCAD simulation of the thermal behavior of semiconductor devices. We implement this method in our homemade TCAD and simulate heat generation and transport in a transistor with a thin silicon-on-insulator body using the phonon properties of Si obtained from lattice dynamics calculations. The same simulation is carried out with phonon heat transport approximated by the heat equation, and the results indicate that it is difficult for the heat equation to accurately reproduce the phonon heat transport.
Nearly Fermi-level-pinning-free interface in metal/heavily-doped SiC Schottky structures
Authors: Hara Masahiro , Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kimoto Tsunenobu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The barrier heights in Ti/ and Ni/n-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) in a wide range of the donor density (N
d = 2 × 1017–1 × 1019 cm−3) were investigated. The forward current–voltage characteristics in the heavily-doped SBDs (N
d > 2 × 1017 cm−3) are described by the thermionic field emission (TFE) model, which includes an electron tunneling induced by the high electric field (> MV cm−1) at the Schottky interface. The high electric field also causes significant image force lowering (Δϕ ∼ 0.2 eV) in the heavily-doped SBDs (N
d = 1 × 1019 cm−3). Through the analysis carefully considering such strong image force lowering, the same slope of the barrier height versus the metal work function plot (S ∼ 0.7) is obtained regardless of N
d. This indicates that metal/SiC interfaces are nearly free from Fermi-level pinning independent of N
d.
MODEL KERJASAMA ACADEMIC, BUSINESS, GOVERMENT DAN CIVIL SOCIETY PADA KEBIJAKAN KERTAJATI AEROCITY
Authors: Zulfikar Waluyo 
Published: February 2021

West Java Provincial Government in order to create innovation in order to accelerate the achievement of the vision of the Governor of West Java through the development of a strong regional economic structure. The innovation in question is to produce policies in the form of Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2010 concerning the Development and Development of West Java International Airport and Kertajati Aerocity. Various efforts have been made by the West Java Provincial government in order to accelerate the development of BIJB. The problem led to problems in land acquisition which was hampered by the rejection of some residents of the implementation of the BIJB and Kertajati Aerocity development. Another problem also arises related to the analysis of the readiness of the BIJB as the manager and support of the government in implementing BIJB and Kertajati Aerocity policies and related to the carrying capacity of water resources which are important for the sustainability of the existence of an area which is taken into consideration for implementing BIJB and Kertajati Aerocity in Majalengka Regency. West Java province. This basically requires qualified strategic steps for the realization of Kertajati aerocity in Majalengka Regency. The collaboration model of academic, business, government and civil society on Kertajati Aerocity policy is ultimately deemed qualified to realize aerocity Kertajati programs and policies.
Keywords: BIJB, Regional Cooperation, Majalengka Regency
MONITORING KEBIJAKAN PELAYANAN PARKIR DI TEPI JALAN UMUM DAERAH KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Adriadi Rekho , Anwar Faizal , Alfiansyah Yogi 
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the Policy for Parking Services Policies on the Side of Public Roads in Bengkulu City as a result of the monitoring results from the analysis of the implementation of Parking Service Policies on Public Roadside of Bengkulu City In the implementation of the parking service retribution policy in Bengkulu city, the standards and procedures are clear, but in the field implementation, especially the Panorama area is still there. The targets in this policy are in accordance with Perda no. 07 of 2011. Implementation of parking policies that affect the social conditions of the people in the city of Bengkulu with the number of parking spots is the stage of the Bengkulu city community. However, during the crisis there was still a mismatch of income results and targets in this policy due to the low parking potential in the city of Bengkulu.
Keywords: Policy, Parking, Retribution