bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding LGBT individuals' employment environment in Taiwan: a relational framework perspective
Authors: Achyldurdyyeva Jennet , Wu Li-Fan , Datova Nurbibi 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the aspects of workplace environment and the experiences of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) employees in an Asian context; a subject that has hitherto been somewhat neglected. It responds to a call for more contextual research in the field of employment diversity in organizational management in general.Design/methodology/approachThis is a mixed method study, which utilizes multiple sources of primary and secondary data and consists of in-depth personal interviews, a survey of LGBT employees, published data (including legislation and state policies), reports issued by social and media organizations, documentary evidence from Taiwanese companies and insights drawn from the existing literature.FindingsIt was found that there is an interplay between the macro, meso and micro levels in the multilevel relational framework applied to diversity of employment in Taiwan. Macrolevel factors, such as supportive legislation, mass media and social tolerance toward LGBT community positively affect mesolevel factors, such as stable and secure social networks among the LGBT community in the form of legal and social organizations (NGOs, social media, bars, restaurants, etc.) as well as many companies inclusion of sexual orientation in their definitions of diversity. However, this is opposed by macrolevel, cultural values related to family structure and intergenerational relationships that inhibit pro-active integration and equality of LGBT individuals at the meso organizational level. Companies headed by older-generation leadership can be slow to advocate, support and promote sexual-orientation diversity in their workplaces. In contrast, microlevel data shows that LGBT employees receive robust psychological support from their peer group, friends and the LGBT community, although gaining acceptance by family and coworkers remains a challenge.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies need to focus on the dynamics of the meso- and microlevel factors by investigating how organizational structure, perspectives of leaders and HR managers, diversity management practices and attitudes and behaviors of LGBT employees and other coworkers affect development and integration of sexual-orientation diversity programs within organizations.Practical implicationsManagers, policy makers in organization as well as educators benefit from the context-sensitive findings and recommendations offered in this paper.Social implicationsUnderstanding of LGBT individuals employment environment helps to facilitate or hinder the positive development of equal society and benefit both LGBT employees, their coworkers and managers.Originality/valueLimited research exists on the LGBT employees experiences at work in Asia. This study makes unique contribution to the understanding of sexual orientation category of diversity at work in Taiwan context.
Why management models are crucial to the success of business models
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The author posits that the management model of an organization determines what kind of business models can be pursued within that organization and that successful 21st century management models are very different from those that succeeded in the 20th century.

Design/methodology/approach
The author compares and contrasts successful 21st century management models with models that succeeded in the 20th century.

Findings
Success in the digital age requires a 21st century management model and mindset based on an obsession with delivering value to customers.

Practical implications
The management model incorporates the key ‘written and unwritten rules’ of the firm. The success of digital innovation can be threatened by 20th Century management assumptions that thwart Agile initiatives.

Originality/value
Article explains how Agile mindsets and practices are essential to the 21st century management model, and how they potentiate the firm’s focus on creating customers.
Behavioral integration in the boardroom
Authors: Pastra Aspasia , Koufopoulos Dimitrios N. , Samac Nikola , Johansson Tafsir 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This study aims to understand the relationship between behavioral integration in the boardroom and board performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed a series of multiple hierarchical regression analyses to explore research questions. Primary data were collected via questionnaires from 184 Nordic members to identify perceptions of behavioral integration and board performance in their boardroom.

Findings
The authors found that different dimensions of behavioral integration have a different effect on board performance. The collaborative behavior of the board did not predict any dimension of board performance, whereas information exchange predicted one dimension of board performance, that of providing strategic leadership. The paramount role of joint decision-making is underlined in this study as this positively predicted all of the dimensions of board performance (strategic leadership, networking and readiness of the board).

Research limitations/implications
Future research should investigate behavioral integration among board members using a longitudinal design and expand the sample cross-culturally.

Practical implications
For forming high-performing teams, emphasis should be given on the joint decision-making. Understanding the joint problems, transparency in actions and discussion about the problem under consideration are of paramount importance for the effectiveness of the team.

Social implications
Team’s conversational environment has crucial impact on team outcomes.

Originality/value
This is one of the rare studies that examine perceptions of executives about the level of behavioral integration in their board.
The effect of community‐wide phytochemical diversity on herbivory reverses from low to high elevation
Authors: Fernandez‐Conradi Pilar , Defossez Emmanuel , Delavallade Adrien , Descombes Patrice , Pitteloud Camille , Glauser Gaëtan , Pellissier Loïc , Rasmann Sergio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Theory predicts that a large fraction of phytochemical diversity—the richness of individual chemical compounds produced by plants—governs the complexity of interactions between plants and their herbivores. While the effect of specific classes of chemical compounds on plant resistance against herbivores has been largely documented, the effect of community‐level variation in phytochemical diversity on plant–herbivore interactions has so far received minimal consideration.

We hypothesized that plant communities bearing on average higher levels of phytochemical diversity should sustain lower herbivory rates, overall. Yet, the magnitude of this effect could vary across different environmental conditions, potentially because of climate‐mediated effects on phytochemical production and changes in herbivore community richness and composition.

To address these hypotheses, we used previous knowledge of species‐level phytochemical make‐up for more than 400 plant species of the Swiss Alps. Using common garden experiments, we estimated season‐wide herbivore damage on low (average 3,500 unique molecules) and high (average 4,500 unique molecules) phytochemical diversity plant communities that were planted in the colline, mountain and alpine vegetation sites along two elevation transects in the Alps.

We found that high phytochemical diversity plant communities showed reduced levels of herbivore damage in the colline (low elevation) sites, but this pattern reversed in the alpine (high elevation) sites. Our results suggest that the outcome of phytochemical diversity on plant–herbivore interactions depends on the characteristics of the local herbivore communities, together with trade‐offs between chemical defences and other plant traits (i.e. physical defences and plant palatability).

Synthesis. Phytochemical diversity is a key component of functional diversity, influencing community composition and dynamics. We show that the effect of phytochemical diversity on herbivory is environmental‐dependent, generating ecological switches when moving from low to high elevation. Through upward movement of plants under climate change, phytochemical community structure will be likely modified, ultimately disrupting local community assembly processes.
Beyond the Scope of the Deal: Configuration of Technology Alliance Portfolios and the Introduction of Management Innovation
Authors: Estrada Isabel , Zhou Haibo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile firms invest in portfolios of technology alliances primarily seeking technological benefits (e.g. access to novel technological knowledge to develop product innovations), an adequate portfolio of technology alliances can also bring non‐technological benefits, such as access to novel managerial knowledge, which can result in management innovation. However, it remains unclear under what conditions technology alliance portfolios yield such benefits. Drawing from the literature on knowledge utilization from alliance portfolios, we examine how the configuration of a firm's technology alliance portfolio affects the likelihood of the firm introducing management innovation. Our panel data analyses of Spanish manufacturing firms for 2008–2016 reveal that a firm is more likely to introduce management innovation when its alliance portfolio shows diversity of partner types; however, this positive effect of diversity becomes less pronounced as the alliance portfolio becomes more oriented towards exploration (i.e. relatively greater presence of research‐focused partner types). Our study also provides recommendations for managers seeking to connect the technological and non‐technological spheres of innovation: a technological alliance portfolio that brings together diverse partner types while avoiding excessive presence of research‐focused partner types may offer greater opportunity for management innovation.
Introduction of point‐of‐care ROTEM testing in the emergency department of an Australian level 1 trauma centre and its effect on blood product use
Authors: Bainbridge Frederick J , Sinha Romi , Tocchetti Rick , Clarke Chris , Martin Daniel , Foo Ngee , Palmer Cameron S , Ellis Daniel Y 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the introduction of point‐of‐care rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) analysis influences blood product transfusion and coagulation management in a modern Australian level 1 trauma centre.MethodsRetrospective blood transfusion data collection from all level 1 trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >12 presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 2016 and 2018. Evaluation of changes in blood product administration with the addition of point‐of‐care viscoelastic testing in the ED in 2018.ResultsA total of 774 patients were analysed with 380 in 2016 and 394 in 2018. Almost a quarter of all 2018 trauma patients (93/394) had ROTEM performed within 24 h of ED arrival, 42% of these having an ISS >25. There was a significant increase in the number of patients receiving cryoprecipitate following the introduction of ROTEM (P = 0.01). In those receiving cryoprecipitate, there was a significant reduction in subsequent platelet and fresh frozen plasma use (P < 0.001). Overall, there was a reduction in expenditure on red cells, platelets and fresh frozen plasma from 2016 to 2018.ConclusionPoint‐of‐care ROTEM was performed in a small proportion of patients, mainly those with a higher ISS. ROTEM introduction in the ED altered blood product transfusion practices for major trauma patients with an ISS >12, leading to a potentially safer transfusion strategy and cost savings for key blood products.
Workplace performance: a sustainable approach
Authors: Kramar Robin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganisations face major disruptions and transformative change as a result of developments in the contexts in which they operate and the COVID‐19 crisis. These dramatic changes highlight the need to reassess the emphasis on financial and economic outcomes at the national and organisational level. International organisations recognise the urgency of explicitly acknowledging a variety of performance outcomes as ends in themselves. Organisations need to be seen as meeting the needs of a number of stakeholders who have varying interests. There could be tensions between the desired outcomes in the financial, social and human, and ecological areas. These tensions need to be managed in a number of ways. Movement towards a broader range of performance outcomes also requires a long‐term view, acknowledgement of the Sustainable Development Goals and International Labour Organisation Declarations and Initiatives, and International Trade Union Confederation recommendations. Processes of dialogue between stakeholders are essential. Human resource management (HRM) activities can contribute to these performance outcomes through a Sustainable HRM approach.
Tail display is regulated by anaerobic metabolism in an Asian agamid lizard
Authors: ZHU Xinxin , QIU Xia , TANG Xiaolong , QI Yin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism underlying signal variation is an important goal in the study of animal communication. Several potential causes have been proposed for signal variation, including environmental noise (e.g. wind, sound), energy limitation, and predation risk, among others, but the physiological control of many signals are often unclear. Here, we examined the correlation between tail display signal variation and energy metabolic activity using an Asian agamid lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii. Individual tail display signals were observed in the field, and blood lactate concentration as well as 2 energy metabolic enzymes was assayed. Our results showed that average tail coil speed was positively associated with blood lactate concentration, while tail coil duration was negatively associated with LDH activity. We also found that average tail lash speed was positively associated with blood lactate concentration, suggesting that the tail display behavior of P. vlangalii was regulated by anaerobic metabolism. Furthermore, the correlation between tail display behavior and energy metabolism was not sex‐dependent. Taken together, our research provides insight into the physiological mechanisms underlying tail display variation in lizards, and suggests that tail display variation likely transmits important information on individual body condition and resource holding potential.
Impact of the Miocene orogenesis on Kaloula spp. radiation and implication of local refugia on genetic diversification
Authors: OTHMAN Siti N. , PUTRI Eggy Triana , MESSENGER Kevin R. , BAE Yoonhyuk , YANG Yi , BOVA Timothy , REED Thomas , AMIN Hina , CHUANG Ming‐Feng , JANG Yikweon , BORZÉE Amaël 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe phylogeography of the Kaloula genus in East Asia is still poorly understood. One of the difficulties is the absence of fossils to corroborate molecular dating estimates. Here, we examined the mitochondrial structure of Kaloula spp. in East Asia and focused on the impact of glaciations on the northernmost species: Kaloula borealis. We determined the phylogenetic relationships, molecular dating, and genetic connectivity assessments within the genus from 1211 bp of concatenated mitochondrial 12S and 16S. The relaxed clock analyses reveal the emergence of Kaloula spp. common ancestor in East and Southeast Asia between the Eocene and Oligocene, c. 38.47 Ma (24.69–53.65). The genetic diversification of lineages then increased on the East Asian Mainland during the Lower Miocene, c. 20.10 (8.73–30.65), most likely originating from the vicariance and radiation triggered by the orogeny of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Later, the dispersal towards the North East Asian Mainland during the Upper Miocene drove the population diversification of K. borealis c. 9.01 Ma (3.66–15.29). Finally, the central mainland population became isolated following orogenesis events and diverged into K. rugifera during the Pliocene, c. 3.06 Ma (0.02–10.90). The combination of population genetic and barrier analyses revealed a significant genetic isolation between populations of Kaloula spp. matching with the massive Qinling–Daba Mountain chain located in south‐central China. Finally, we highlight a young divergence within the Eastern Mainland population of K. borealis, possibly attributed to refugia in south eastern China from which populations later expanded.
Cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale‐watching waters off Mirissa, Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: SANKALPA Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Rajitha , THILAKARATHNE Elle Pathirathnalage Darshana Nuwan , LIN Wenzhi , THILAKANAYAKA Vidusanka , KUMARASINGHE Chathurika Piumi , LIU Mingming , LIN Mingli , LI Songhai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScientific information is vital to the conservation of cetaceans and the management of whale‐watching activities. The southern coastal waters of Sri Lanka are near a narrow continental shelf and biologically abundant in cetacean species. Although the occurrence of cetaceans has been investigated in certain waters of Sri Lanka, few surveys have been conducted along the southern coast. To fill this gap, we conducted boat‐based surveys from January to May 2017 to investigate the occurrence, diversity, and behavior of cetaceans in the waters off Mirissa, covering a survey area of 788.9 km2. During 55 survey days, we recorded a total of 242 cetacean sightings and identified at least 9 species (3 mysticetes and 6 odontocetes). The blue whale was the most common mysticete species (167 of 174 mysticete encounters), followed by the Omura's whale (4 of 174) and Bryde's whale (3 of 174). The spinner dolphin was the most common odontocete species (28 of 68 odontocete encounters), followed by the sperm whale (18 of 68), common bottlenose dolphin (13 of 68), short‐finned pilot whale (5 of 68), melon‐headed whale (2 of 68), and killer whale. Blue whales and sperm whales exhibited a clear preference for outer shelf and high slope areas, and blue whales were observed feeding along these waters. The present study provides near‐baseline information on cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale‐watching waters off southern Sri Lanka, and highlights the urgent need for proper management strategies for whale‐watching activities.
Field assessment of dog as sentinel animal for plague in endemic foci of Madagascar
Authors: RAJERISON Minoarisoa , ANDRIANAIVOARIMANANA Voahangy , RATSITORAHINA Maherisoa , RAHELINIRINA Soanandrasana , CHANTEAU Suzanne , TELFER Sandra , RAHALISON Lila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe epidemiology of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, involves vectors and reservoirs in its transmission cycle. The passive plague surveillance in Madagascar targets mainly rodent and fleas. However, carnivores are routinely surveyed as sentinels of local plague activity in some countries. The aim of this study is to assess the use of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) as sentinel animal for field surveillance of plague in a highly endemic area in Madagascar. Cross‐sectional surveys of plague antibody prevalence in C. familiaris were conducted in endemic areas with contrasting histories of plague cases in humans, as well as a plague free area. Rodent capture was done in parallel to evaluate evidence for Y. pestis circulation in the primary reservoirs. In 2 sites, dogs were later re‐sampled to examine evidence of seroconversion and antibody persistence. Biological samplings were performed between March 2008 and February 2009. Plague antibody detection was assessed using anti‐F1 ELISA. Our study showed a significant difference in dog prevalence rates between plague‐endemic and plague‐free areas, with no seropositive dogs detected in the plague free area. No correlation was found between rodents and dog prevalence rates, with an absence of seropositive rodents in some area where plague circulation was indicated by seropositive dogs. This is consistent with high mortality rates in rodents following infection. Re‐sampling dogs identified individuals seropositive on both occasions, indicating high rates of re‐exposure and/or persistence of plague antibodies for at least 9 months. Seroconversion or seropositive juvenile dogs indicated recent local plague circulation. In Madagascar, dog surveillance for plague antibody could be useful to identify plague circulation in new areas or quiescent areas within endemic zones. Within active endemic areas, monitoring of dog populations for seroconversion (negative to positive) or seropositive juvenile dogs could be useful for identifying areas at greatest risk of human outbreaks.
Revisiting animal photo‐identification using deep metric learning and network analysis
Authors: Miele Vincent , Dussert Gaspard , Spataro Bruno , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon , Allainé Dominique , Bonenfant Christophe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

An increasing number of ecological monitoring programmes rely on photographic capture–recapture of individuals to study distribution, demography and abundance of species. Photo‐identification of individuals can sometimes be done using idiosyncratic coat or skin patterns, instead of using tags or loggers. However, when performed manually, the task of going through photographs is tedious and rapidly becomes too time‐consuming as the number of pictures grows.

Computer vision techniques are an appealing and unavoidable help to tackle this apparently simple task in the big‐data era. In this context, we propose to revisit animal re‐identification using image similarity networks and metric learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), taking the giraffe as a working example.

We first developed an end‐to‐end pipeline to retrieve a comprehensive set of re‐identified giraffes from about 4,000 raw photographs. To do so, we combined CNN‐based object detection, SIFT pattern matching and image similarity networks. We then quantified the performance of deep metric learning to retrieve the identity of known individuals, and to detect unknown individuals never seen in the previous years of monitoring.

After a data augmentation procedure, the re‐identification performance of the CNN reached a Top‐1 accuracy of about 90%, despite the very small number of images per individual in the training dataset. While the complete pipeline succeeded in re‐identifying known individuals, it slightly under‐performed with unknown individuals.

Fully based on open‐source software packages, our work paves the way for further attempts to build automatic pipelines for re‐identification of individual animals, not only in giraffes but also in other species.