bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic factors affecting training and visit system of agricultural extension among yam farmers in Eket Local Government Area of akwa ibom state, nigeria
Authors: Adie U.B , Ayi N.A. , Bassey B.A. 
Published: April 2021

The study broadly examined the socio-economic factors affecting training and visit system of extension among yam farmers in Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria The study had three specific objectives, namely: to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the yam farmer; 2 determine the socio-economic factors affecting training and visit system of extension among yam farmers and describe the problems militating against yam production in the study area. The study adopted a purposive/judgmental sampling technique to select two hundred respondents for the study. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and Likert scale. Data was collected through the use of a set of questionnaires administered to selected respondents. The findings of the socio-economic characteristics of the yam farmers revealed that majority 77.5% were males, with 37% of them being matured adults in the age range of 51 years and above and 66.5% of the yam farmers were married with household size of 4-7 members per family. Majority of the farmers had secondary education (55%), 46.5% had farming experience of 10 years and above with monthly farm income between N20,000 - N50,000 (46.5%). Majority 88.5% of the farmers were Christians and had monthly contact with extension agents (47%). Gender, age, religion, level of education, farm income and maritalstatus statistically and significantly affect training and visit system at 1% and 5% respectively. The major constraints faced by farmers in yam production in the study area were found to include low soil fertility (3.12), low income (2.64) and land tenure system (2.52). It is recommended that in order to improve yam production, the government of Nigeria should provide favourable environment and invest heavily in yam cultivation by providing farm inputs such as fertilizers to smallholder farmers at subsidized rates. In addition, the government should provide more loans to farmers at zero or low-interest rate. Improved extension services should be provided to farmers with new technologies in order to increase their gross margins income. Social amenities and infrastructural facilities such as; good roads network, electricity as well clean sources of water should be provided in rural areas to encourage young and educated men and women to take up yam production.
Keywords: Agricultural Extension; Training and Visit , Communication, Farmers, Production, Demonstration
Low First Wave COVID-19 cases and health seeking behaviors across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria
Authors: Ukaga C.N. , Sam-Wobo S.O. , Muhammed R.H. , Mogaji H.O. , Surakat O.A. , Suleiman M.M. , Egbuche C. , Ekwunife C.A. , Wokem G.N. 
Published: April 2021

This study was carried out across the six geopolitical zones to assess knowledge and health seeking behaviors of Nigerians during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in order to understand the seemingly low cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Structured and pretested short questionnaires were employed to obtain information electronically and physically across the six geopolitical zones on socio-demographic characteristics of participants; the knowledge of participants on COVID-19 disease; availability and accessibility to testing and isolation centers in the communities, attitudes and health seeking behaviors. Atotal of 1023 respondents; 705 (68.9%) males and 318 (31.1%) females across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria participated in this study with 477(46.6%) within the 26-45 years age category, and 6(0.6%) above 66 years. Atotal of 985(96.3%) had heard about COVID-19 at the time of survey while a total of 859(84.0%) of the respondents were aware of the presence of COVID-19 laboratory testing centers. Across the geopolitical zones, majority of the respondents 487(47.6%) claimed there are no routine testing for COVID-19 at their community level, while 303 (29.6%) affirmed otherwise and 216(21.1%) did not know if there were routine testing going on or not. On health seeking behaviors across the country, majority of the respondents 558(54.5%) affirmed they would visit the hospital as the first point of contact if the opportunitypresented itself, 244(23.9%) claimed they would call the NCDC toll line, 2(0.2%) said they would use prayers, while 1(0.1%) respectively claimed they would use home management strategies through visiting chemist stores and checking the internet for solutions. Findings from this study confirm that there is very high awareness of the COVID-19 disease across the country, and limited number of testing centers at the community level. The implications include the possibility of unreported COVID19 cases in the cities as well as in the communities.
Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, health seeking behaviors, community level
Ethno - Botanical Survey Of Plant Species Used For Mosquito Control In Nigeria
Authors: Okoh H.I. , Mogaji H.O. , Adekoya M.A. , Morikwe U.C. , Nwana A.O. , Ahmed J. , Makanjuola W.A. , Otubanjo O.A. 
Published: April 2021

In Nigeria, there is paucity of information on plants used to repel or kill mosquitoes despite the abundant plant species in the country’s tropical rain forests. Majority of available data are on the traditional use of plants for curative purposes. This study documents some plant species used for insecticidal or repellent purposes against mosquitoes in Nigeria. An ethno-botanical survey was carried out in four geo-political zones in the country using structured questionnaires and focus group discussion. A total of six plant species belonging to five families were reported in Delta state with Conyza Canadensis (Compositae) being the most utilized (50%) and Aspilia africana (Compositae), the least mentioned (5.60%). In Enugu state, a total of nine plant species belonging to eight families were mentioned by respondents with Aframomum melegueta the most utilised (26.09%) while Agava sisalana and Dracaena manii belonging to the families Agavaceae and Dracaenaceae were the least mentioned (1.09% each). A total of six plant species belonging to five families were reported in Kaduna State with Lantana camara belonging to the family Verbenaceae accounting for 58.82% of the utilised plant species for mosquito control while Ipomea asarifolia, Terminalia catappa and Citrullus vulgaris belonging to the families Convolvulaceae, Combretaceae and Cucurbitaceae respectively were the least utilized (5.88% each). Lagos State recorded the highest number of plant species (twenty five) belonging to eighteen families. Spondia mombin belonging to the family Lilaceae was the most mentioned (7.33%) while the least mentioned (0.37% each) were Magnifera indica, Baphia nitida and Pennisetum purpeum belongingto the families Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae respectively. There is a need for further investigation on these plant species as they may constitute potential sources of cidal and repellent compounds against a wide range of insect pests.
Keywords: Ethno-botanical survey, insecticidal, repellence, mosquitoes, plant species
Prevalence and Socio-Environmental Factors Associated with Polyparasitism, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Akor J.O. , Obisike V.U. , Omudu E.A. , Imandeh G.N. 
Published: April 2021

Parasitic diseases are closely related to poor sanitation, lack of good drinking water, improper disposal of human waste, lack of latrines and poor personal hygiene. This study evaluated the prevalence and distribution of polyparasitic infections and the impact of health education and treatment. Stool and urine samples from 350 consented participants were parasitologically examined for parasites. Out of the 350 samples, 150 stool samples were infected with intestinal parasites and 2 urine samples were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis. Out of the infected 152 participants, 40 of them had co-infection (polyparasitism), specifically 5(1.43%) had triple co-infection, 35(10%) had double co-infection.Health education and treatment measures had significant (p<0.05) effect on infections. It is important that health education be intensified in areas where treatment may not be forthcoming to reduce infections.
Keywords: Prevalence, helminths, polyparasitism, sanitation, Benue State
MATHEMATICAL REASONING ABILITIES OF STUDENTS IN TERMS OF FIELD DEPENDENCE (FD) COGNITIVE STYLE IN PROBLEM-SOLVING
Authors: Zaini Zaini 
Published: April 2021

Every individual has different abilities in translating problems because it is influenced by basic knowledge, experience, and cognitive. The cognitive types of FD were identical slower than others. This study describes the mathematical reasoning of students with cognitive type of FD in problem solving. The research data needed is the GEFT test, problem-solving tests, and interviews involving twostudents in level IV . All data were analyzed inductively. The results showed that students with the cognitive type of FD needed a long time to create connection to the problem thinking and they needed direction as a stimulus to stimulate their thinking. Lecturers can use realistic examples in the environment around them to make connections in their thinking.
Morphological and elemental analyses of supported palladium (Pd)/silver (Ag) composite membranes
Authors: Reis Miria , Arzani Fernanda A. , Cardoso Vicelma L. 
Published: April 2021

Supported palladium (Pd)/silver (Ag) composite membranes have been investigated for hydrogen separation mainly in order to avoid hydrogen embrittlement, improve hydrogen permeance and reduce membrane cost. The electroless method is recommended for the co-plating of Pd and Ag on a substrate surface. However, Ag precursor has a higher redox potential than Pd and, thus, Ag is preferentially deposited, which compromises the membrane selectivity to hydrogen. Here we investigated the morphology and elemental composition of supported palladium (Pd)/silver (Ag) composite membranes produced by different methods. The first membrane was produced from a plating solution of 80 wt% of Pd and 20 wt% of Ag. The membrane surface presented several large dendritic crystals that not grown in a direction to form a dense metallic film. According to EDS results, the membrane surface presented similar Pd and Ag composition, which confirms the preferential Ag deposition. At room temperature, this membrane presented a nitrogen flux of 0.35 mol m-2 s-1 at 200 kPa of transmembrane pressure. Thus, the formed membrane is not suitable for hydrogen separation. The second membrane was formed by adding small amounts of Ag to the plating solution during the electroless process. The final plating solution contained 75 wt% of Pd and 25 w% of Ag. The membrane thickness was 2 µm, but the membrane morphology was not totally dense. According to EDS results, the Ag composition was greater than the Pd composition, especially at the membrane top surface. This membrane also presented high nitrogen permeance probably due to the holes formed on the membrane surface. Thus, although the controlled addition of Ag is recommended to form dense membranes, the Ag was preferentially deposited over the Pd when starting with the highest rate of Ag addition. Adding lower Ag rates at the beginning could be helpful to avoid the preferential Ag deposition.
Prevalence of Birth Defects among Neonates Born at the Philippine General Hospital from 2011 to 2014
Authors: Maceda Ebner Bon G. , Alcausin Maria Melanie Liberty B. 
Published: April 2021

Objective. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of birth defects among neonates born at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) from January 2011 to December 2014.
Methods. Monthly censuses of all deliveries from January 2011 to December 2014 were obtained from the Section of Newborn Medicine. All deliveries with birth defects were coded using International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD -10). The codes were tallied and classified as either an isolated, part of a recognizable syndrome, chromosomal syndrome or multi-malformed case (MMC). Period prevalence was then calculated.
Results. There was a total of 20,939 deliveries from 2011 to 2014 in PGH, of which 574 babies (2.74%) had a diagnosis of at least one birth defect. Two-hundred seventy-three babies (47.56%) had isolated defects; 130 (22.65%) with defects in MMC; 106 (18.47%) with defects as part of recognizable syndromes; and 65 (11.32%) with defects as part of chromosomal syndromes. One in 36 births has at least one birth defect, which is higher than that reported in other Asian countries.
Conclusion. Birth defects are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Results of this study provide baseline data that can be used for future studies on the causation of such birth defects, and can be used to formulate policies on primary and secondary prevention. For a tertiary hospital like PGH, these data can serve as a guide towards allocation of resources and manpower towards the more common birth defects.
KOMPOSISI PERBANDINGAN SUB SOIL DAN KOMPOS PENGGANTI TOP SOIL SEBAGAI MEDIA TANAM PADA PERTEMBUHAN BIBIT KARET SETELAH TRANSPLANTING
Authors: Wahyu Purnomo  , Nurlaila  , Suparto Hairu 
Published: April 2021

Growing media is very important for optimal plant growth and production, especially for planting media that have just been transplanted, so that suitable growing media is needed. The planting medium that is commonly used is top soil, because it contains many nutrients derived from the decomposition process of leaves that have fallen and root. However, the availability of top soil is limited to only + 30 cm from the soil surface. Whereas Sub soil is horizon B layer which is available in greater quantities but needs to improve the physical properties of sub soil so that it approaches the top soil properties, among others by adding compost. This purpose to determine the growth of rubber plants with composotion different planting media on rubber seed after transplanting. This research was in the Production Laboratory of the Study Program of Cultivation of Agriculture Plant in The State Agricultural Polytechnic at Samarinda for 4 (four) months. The treatment in this study was the comparison of the transplanting media of rubber seed, each repeated 5 (five) times, with 4 (four) treatment levels, are p0 = no treatment (control), p1 = comparison of planting media of rubber seed from top soil with sub soil of 1: 1, p2 = comparison of planting media of rubber seed from compost soil with sub soil of 1: 1, and p3 = comparison of planting media of rubber seedlings from compost soil with sub soil of 1: 2. The results of the study showed that the growth of rubber plant seedlings in the parameters of the number of leaves, stem deameter and plant height after transplanting using planting media from a mixture of sub soil with compost with a ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 2 is the same as the growth of rubber seedlings in the planting media of sub soil mixed with top soil.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA BERDASARKAN WAKTU KERJA KARYAWAN PADA UNIT PEMUPUKAN DI PT.TANJUNG BUYU PERKASA PLANTATION KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Alvieyan Nur Ari Pratama  
Published: April 2021

Palm oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jack.) Is one of the mainstay plantation commodities in Indonesia. Palm oil agribusiness is one of the few industries that is Indonesia's competitive advantage to compete at the global level. Based on research that has been done the highest average productive work time is obtained at KP 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and KP 10 which is equal to 48.8%, and the lowest productive time is obtained at KP 7 and KP 8 which is 47.4% with unproductive time the highest is obtained by KP 3 and KP 4 which is 12.5%, and the lowest unproductive time is obtained by KP 9 and KP 10 which is 9.6%, while the highest personal time is obtained by KP 5 and KP 6 which is 42.9% and the lowest personal time is obtained by KP 3 and KP 4 which is 38.5%. The overall time of employees between Earning time and personal time didn’t making a significant change this is due to KP at PT. Tanjung Buyu Perkasa Plantation works in teams, if between 1 or more than 1 employee in the process of working slowly it will hamper the work process of other employees. The calculation of the workload per year for the entire KP is below 1 with information on the underload, which means that the workload of the entire KP is relatively low because this is due to the flat land and fertilizer worker doing his work by teamwork.
ANALISIS VARIASI TEMPERATUR PRA MORDAN PEWARNA KAYU SECANG DAN DAUN JATI SERTA PENERAPAN HEDONIC TEST PADA KUALITAS SERAT KENAF INDUSTRI FASHION
Authors: Ida Rosanti  , Sadikin Ali , Prasetia Retno 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of pre-mordant material on kenaf fiber coloring using secang wood and teak leaves, to determine the Henodic Test method in classifying its quality, as well as to determine the significant effect on the color of kenaf fiber, and to determine the level of consumer preference for kenaf fiber. natural dyes. The research method used was an experiment with a variety of pre-mordant materials (alum, lime, vinegar). From the test, it was found that the color direction of the kenaf fiber was reddish purple to light brown, so the average value of fastness to washing was 4 (good).
From this activity, it was concluded that the addition of secang wood and teak leaves as pre- mordant materials coupled with the effect of pH on the staining of kenaf fibers with secang wood extract provided variations in the direction of color and the value of color fastness to washing. Kenaf fiber is an environmentally friendly alternative to textile raw materials. This study used the Hedonic Test method with the Kruskal Wallis test. The results of this study were that there was no significant effect on the combination of compost application and pesticide application with natural dyes of secang wood and teak leaves on the color of kenaf fibers and there was no effect on the level of consumer preference for kenaf fiber with natural dyes.
The symbol of light’s ray in images of the annunciation of the 14th and 15th centuries according to greek patrology
Authors: Salvador González José Maria 
Published: April 2021

The current article tries to interpret the deep doctrinal meanings derived from the visual and textual metaphors related to the ray of light, the Sun, and other light elements. underlying the symbol of the beam of light depicted in the images of the Annunciation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. To undertake this goal, we will follow two methodological strategies based on comparative analysis. Firstly, we will analyze some texts through which many Greek-Eastern Church Fathers interpret several biblical terms, such as Sol iustitiae, lux mundi, and other similar expressions as metaphors that symbolize God the Son incarnate. Secondly, we will analyze eight images of the Annunciation from the 14th and 15th centuries that include a ray of light emitted by God the Father towards the Virgin Mary. From the comparative analyzes between both sets, texts and images, we will conclude that this ray of light represented in such Annunciations is a visual metaphor that illustrates the textual metaphors deciphered by the Greek-Eastern Fathers from the Biblical expressions mentioned, as a symbol of Christ, "Sun of Justice” and“ light of the world”, which is incarnated to redeem Humanity from the darkness of error and sin.
Soil contamination by zoonotic parasites in leisure areas: an integrative review
Authors: Maria Braga Araújo Ana , Yasmin Teixeira Silva Bruna , Maria Basílio Quezado de Castro Tania 
Published: April 2021

Enteropasites are a risk to both human and animal health, and soil is an important route for their propagation and perpetuation, due to the easy animal access to leisure environments. Furthermore, the contamination of these areas is a public health problem, due to the high number of people who visit these places and can acquire these parasitoses. The purpose of this study was to research information described in the scientific literature on the prevalenceof parasites with zoonotic potential in leisure areas, their distribution and associated factors. This is an integrative review of the literature in which scientific studies on parasites of zoonotic potential in leisure areas were selected from the Virtual Health Library, with MEDLINE and LILACS as its database, in addition to PUBMED, SCIELO and “Periódicos Capes” published between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eleven articles were selectedfrom the 494 found after applying criteria for inclusion, exclusion and content evaluation. Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara spp. proved to be widely distributed, and soil contamination by parasites is directly linked to the presence of animals in these environments, due to their feces and favorable environmental conditions.KEY WORDS: intestinal parasites; zoonoses; environmental contamination; public health.
“A Conceptual Study of Drishti in Ayurvedic and Modern point of view”.
Authors: Rathore Kavita , Choudhari Manish , Jain Naresh 
Published: April 2021

There are five sense organs (Panch Gyanendriya) mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhitas i.e. eye (chakshu), ear (shrota), nose (ghrana), tongue (rasana) and skin (twak). One of these is eye (Drishti) which is most important sense organ in our body. Acharya Sushruta the eminent Ayurveda region, has described the Drishti very accurately in his treatise Sushruta Samhita. There are six Netra Patala told in Ayurvedic classics which can be anatomically correlated with different layers of eyes as explained in modern ophthalmology. Drishti is a controversial word in Shalakya Tantra, a lot of meanings of Drishti have been taken in the Sushruta Samhita1. So Drishti can be simply considered as the functional unit of eye, which performs vision. It is not mere an anatomical structure but the composition of all the essential dhatus of internal eyeball. In ancient Ayurvedic scriptures have explained Netra Rachna Sharir and Kriya Sharir in a beautiful descriptive manner, still there is need of exploring the terminologies for proper understanding of pathogenesis of Netra Rogas and their managements so that implementation of Ayurvedic concepts can be done in eradication of Drishtigata Rogas in a fruitful manner to serve the humanity.