bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences and Trends in Management of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Pakistan
Authors: Awan Muhammad Amer , Muid Javeria 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To report the preferences and trends in managing Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from December 2018 to January 2019.
Method: A survey was conducted in which the vitreo-retinal (VR) surgeons were asked to respond to 10 questions. The questions were meant to assess their practice and management strategies in treating RRD. Duration of survey was 1 month.
Results: Sixty-two VR surgeons of Pakistan responded to this survey. Most of the VR surgeons belonged to Punjab (56%) followed by Sindh (25%). Regarding their primary practice setting 50% of VR surgeons worked both in government and private practice, 30% practiced in academic/university hospital and 20% of them had only private practice. Seventy percent of VR surgeons in Pakistan preferred local anaesthesia. In non-posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) RRD, majority (69%) performed segmental buckling (SB) with or without encirclement. In pseudophakic superior macula on RRD with a single retinal tear 50% preferred pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) followed by SB in 25% and pneumatic retinopexy in 18%. In inferior macula off RRD with a retinal tear at 7 0’clock position, 56% of the VR surgeon performed PPV alone or combined with SB.
Conclusion: There is an increased trend towards PPV as a primary procedure for RRD in Pakistani VR surgeons. Local anaesthesia is the preferred anesthesia.
Key Words: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Retinal break, Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Pneumatic Retinopexy.
Factors Predisposing to Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Wasim Sahira , Ghayoor Imran , Shakir Munira , Afza Ronak , Ali Waqas 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the factors predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from October 2017 to April 2018.
Methods: After approval from ethical review committee 117 patients presenting with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were included in the study. A detailed history was taken including previous surgery and trauma. Complete ocular examination was performed including dilated fundus examination. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviation were computed for quantitative variable i.e. age and frequency. Percentages were calculated for qualitative variables i.e. gender, eye involved, lattice degeneration, trauma and intraocular surgery. Stratification was done with regards to age, gender, eye involved to see the effect of these modifiers on individual factor (lattice degeneration, trauma, intraocular surgery) by using chi square test and considering p value ≤ 0.05 as significant.
Results: There were 117 patients including 91 males and 26 females. Sixty four were right eyes and fifty three were left eyes. Mean age was 37.30 ± 8.97 years. Lattice Degeneration was observed in 29.1% patents, Trauma was 37.6% and intraocular surgery was observed in 33.3% patients. There was a significant association of age with trauma (p = 0.045) and intraocular surgery (p = 0.001), which had statistically significant association with RRD.
Conclusion: Intraocular surgery, trauma were significantly associated with age and RRD. However, although lattice degeneration is an established risk factors for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment it was not associated with increased age.
Key Words: Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, Lattice Degeneration, Trauma, Intraocular Surgery.
Non-Glaucomatous Causes of Decreased Vision in Glaucoma
Authors: Fasih Uzma , Shahid Erum , Shaikh Arshad 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the non-glaucomatous causes of decreased visual acuity in glaucoma patients presenting in the eye OPD of a tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital from July 2019 to September 2020.
Methods: Patients above 18 years of age, visual acuity of less than 6/6 and diagnosed case of glaucoma were included in this study. Patients with congenital glaucoma and patients not willing to participate in the study were excluded. Detailed history was taken and ocular examination of the patient was done. Causes of decreased visual acuity were determined. Data was collected and analyzed on SPSS version 20.
Results: There were 369 glaucoma patients with a mean age of 58.2 ± 11.54 SD years. Males were 224 (60.4%), with mean duration of glaucoma as 5.4 ± 5.2 years. Primary open-angle glaucoma was seen in 209 (56.6%) and primary angle-closure glaucoma was in 96 (26%) of patients. Treatable causes were 119 (32.2%) and non-glaucomatous causes of decrease vision were 221 (59.9%). Glaucomatous optic atrophy was seen in 182 (49.3%) patients followed by cataract in 96 (26%). Patients with corneal pathologies were 38 (10.2%) and ARMD were 26 (7%).
Conclusion: The commonest cause of decreased visual acuity in glaucoma patients is irreversible glaucomatous optic atrophy. Age-related macular degeneration, corneal pathologies, and amblyopia also contribute to irreversibly decreased visual acuity in glaucoma patients. Reversible causes include cataract, refractive errors, cystoid macular edema and diabetic macular edema.
Key Words: Cataract, Glaucoma, Glaucomatous Optic Atrophy, Vision.
Posterior Segment Pathologies in Patients with Ocular Trauma Using B-Scan Ultrasonography
Authors: Tanweer Fatima Sidra , Rana Afia Matloob , Akhter Waseem 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the frequency of posterior segment pathologies caused by ocular trauma using B scan USG.
Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Holy family hospital, Rawalpindi, from September 2015 to March 2016.
Methods: One hundred patients of ocular trauma, 12 to 45 years of age were included in the study. Patients who had any posterior segment pathology prior to the ocular trauma were excluded. B scan was performed in all patients. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17. For all the categorical variables like gender, type and site of ocular injury, the side of eye involved, type of posterior segment pathology as detected on B Scan, frequencies and percentages were calculated. For the continuous variables like age and time since injury, mean and standard deviation were calculated.
Results: Mean age was30.43 ± 9.58 years. Majority of the patients (35.0%) were between 26 to 35 years of age. Out of these 100 patients, 73 were males and 27 were females with male to female ratio of 2.7:1. Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common and ocular pathology (38 patients). Retinal detachment was seen in 21 patients. Intra-ocular foreign bodies were seen in 12 patients.
Conclusion: Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common posterior segment pathology in ocular trauma followed by retinal detachment and intra-ocular foreign bodies.
Key Words: Trauma, B-scan, Vitreous hemorrhage, Retinal detachment.
Participação popular, controle social e organização em conselhos de saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: De Amorim Busana Juliano , Schülter Buss Heidemann Ivonete  Terezinha , Gonçalves Nitschke Rosane , Dutra Tholl Adriana , Kuntz Durand Michelle , Prosdocimi Menegat Robriane 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: objetiva-se analisar as produções cientí­ficas que descrevem a forma como os Conselhos Gestores de Saúde promovem a Participação Popular. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com abordagem qualitativa, baseada nas etapas de Ganong. Resultados: foram identificados 25 artigos, publicados nos últimos sete anos em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Através do agrupamento dos dados foi possí­vel a construção de categorias relacionadas í s práticas dos Conselhos Gestores: Participação Popular; Controle Social e Funcionamento e Organização dos Conselhos. São perceptí­veis nos estudos analisados as dificuldades relativas í Participação Popular em Conselhos de uma maneira geral, em função de demandas polí­ticas e da falta de conhecimento por parte dos atores envolvidos acerca da importância de sua atuação para favorecer mudanças efetivas nos espaços públicos. Conclusão: conclui-se que a compreensão destes processos podem oferecer subsí­dios para o fomento da Participação Popular nos Conselhos Gestores e possibilitar a oferta de novas diretrizes para a construção de um novo perfil cidadão.
Estruturação documental do serviço de farmácia clí­nica em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital público de grande porte
Authors: Silva Christiani Thais , Da Costa Rocha Gabrielle , Amorim Nogueira Thaí­sa 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a estruturação e implementação de farmácia clí­nica na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, cuja metodologia foi elaboração de fluxograma de atividades desenvolvidas pelo farmacêutico e formulários para facilitar acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico. Para confecção dos documentos foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e consulta a outros formulários de acompanhamento clí­nico da própria instituição e de outros serviços de farmácia clí­nica. Resultados: Foram criados documentos estruturantes: fluxograma do serviço de farmácia; formulário de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico; check-list de avaliação da prescrição e check-list de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico; modelo de notificação de intervenção farmacêutica; e, banco de dados para registro das intervenções a serem realizadas. Esses documentos contam com informações importantes para o acompanhamento diário do paciente. Conclusão: O método proposto auxilia no desenvolvimento de atividades clí­nicas, promovendo integração do farmacêutico í equipe multiprofissional, cuidado integral do paciente e segurança. Adaptação a formulário próprio garante a equipe conduzir acompanhamento de personalizado.
Avaliação da força muscular respiratória e função pulmonar de pacientes com doença renal crônica submetidos í hemodiálise
Authors: Gurgel Campos Nataly , Costa Leite Lara , Caldas Silva ítalo , Fialho da Costa Rayana , Nunes Rebouças Ellys Rhaiara , Rocha Miranda Larissa , Lazaro Arruda Francisco , Romão Ribeiro da Silva Paulo 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a força muscular respiratória (FMR) e a função pulmonar (FP) de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) submetidos í hemodiálise (HD). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 41 participantes. Foram verificadas as pressões inspiratória e expiratória máxima (PImáx; PEmáx), capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1). Resultados: Não há diferença significante entre homens e mulheres em relação ao percentual do previsto alcançado para PImáx, porém há em relação a PEmáx (p=0,082; p=0,003). Quanto a FP constatou-se que há diferença significativa entre homens e mulheres, para ambas as variáveis CVF e VEF1 (p=0,034 e p=0,024). Conclusão: Em relação í FMR, os pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise possuem fraqueza muscular respiratória, e quando comparados por gênero, os homens apresentaram força muscular inspiratória reduzida em relação ao previsto. Quanto a FP, as mulheres possuem valores abaixo dos padrões de normalidade comparada aos homens.
As perguntas dos estudantes para o ensino de Ciências: um meio de identificar problemas conceituais
Authors: Mertins Simone , Da Silva Carla Melo , Rosa Marcelo Amaral , Güntzel Ramos Maurivan 
Published: April 2021

Este estudo buscou responder à seguinte pergunta norteadora: De que modo as perguntas propostas por estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio revelam os problemas conceituais que os estudantes têm em relação aos conceitos científicos? Os participantes foram 187 estudantes de quatro turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental e de quatro turmas de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, provenientes de quatro escolas públicas de diferentes cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Após observarem um experimento em que ocorreu a extinção da chama de uma vela por ação do gás carbônico, os estudantes propuseram 603 perguntas sobre suas dúvidas e interesses em relação ao fenômeno observado. Para esse estudo, o corpus foi recortado, com vistas às perguntas que continham problemas conceituais. Desse modo, analisamos 63 perguntas dos estudantes de Ensino Médio e 40 perguntas dos estudantes de Ensino Fundamental. Essas perguntas foram categorizadas em relação aos problemas conceituais presentes, por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados indicam que, em ambos os níveis de ensino, a forma como a proposição de ensino é executada está falha. Daí a relevância desse estudo, que aponta as perguntas dos estudantes e sua utilização como retomada das abordagens em sala de aula, a fim de sanar as compreensões equivocadas.
PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS ON PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM RURAL BURIALS OF 14th—16th CENTURIES FROM THE TERRITORY OF POLOTSK LAND
Authors: Hrytskevich D. S. 
Published: April 2021

Paleopathology deals with the identification and research of diseases that are fixed on the osteological material of ancient people. This anthropological direction, using a variety of methods, answers the questions of the origin and spread of diseases in ancient populations. The results of such studies help to reveal the following aspects: the influence of the environment, and consequently the adaptation of a person to its changes, professional occupations of the population, and related types of physical activity, diet, causes of physiological stress and the level of development of medicine. The aim of the study is to assess the incidence of the rural population of the Belarusian Dvina region of the 14th—16th centuries by conducting a paleopathological study of bone material. During the study, an anthropological examination of the remains of 72 people belonging to the rural population of the 14th—16th centuries was carried out. The osteological material was obtained during the archaeological excavations of three rural burial grounds in the Belarusian Dvina region-Ives, Biruli, and Dolgoe. During the research, special attention was paid to the identification and registration of paleopathological changes in bone material. As a result, signs of the following groups of pathologies were identified: degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine and joints, skull injuries, dental system pathologies (caries, abscesses, paradontopathies), nonspecific reactions of the body (porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, enamel hypoplasia, vascular reaction). As a result of the work performed to identify and interpret pathological changes, the main aspects reflecting changes in the health status of the ancient population due to a number of factors were identified: the manifestation of an active lifestyle of individuals, the influence of sanitary and hygienic conditions that existed in rural settlements of the studied period, and the supposed stressful situations to which the population was more or less exposed.
THE CURRENT STATE OF ARCHAEOBOTANICAL STUDY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pashkevych G. O. 
Published: April 2021

The territory of Ukraine was the first on the path of the Neolithic tribes to the territory of the East European Plain. These tribes brought here cultivated plants with the skills of their cultivation (hulled wheat, barley, legumes) from the center of origin, from Asia Minor through the Balkan Peninsula. N. I. Vavilov considered that the territory of Ukraine together with Moldova was one of the ancient places of farmers culture. He received confirmation of his assumption about the existence of crops of ancient hulled wheat in the closed mountainous regions of the Carpathians. In 1940 he found a hulled wheat Triticum dicoccum in the vicinity of the village of Putila near Chernivtsi.
Recently thanks to modern research and radiocarbon dates on charred broomcorn millet grains Ukraine has a gateway through which millet from China, the birthplace of its origin, has spread to Europe. The earliest radiocarbon date (1631—1455 cal BC) in Europe is coming from the site Vinogradnyi Sad of Sabatynivka culture, Bronze Age. This date was received thanks to the European program «When and Where broomcorn millet arrived in Europe». Reports of much earlier occurrences of millet in Neolithic — Early Bronze Age (6th — early 3rd millennium BC) were almost entirely based on millet-looking impressions in pottery, daub and figurines. A recent re-examination of these impressions on figurines from the Usatovo culture with using a scanning electron microscope excluded millet grains as a source for some of the imprints. European researchers show great interest in archaeobotanical records of the crop from archaeological excavations of the territory of Ukraine. The use of modern research methods such as a scanning electron microscope, stable isotope evidence, modernized radiocarbon dating, chemical analysis of microparticles using a mass spectrometer, and analysis of DNA will allow a new look at the earliest obtained results.
THE SETTLEMENT MOLYUKHIV BUHOR IN THE WORKS OF D. YA. TELEGIN AND ACCORDING TO MODERN DATA
Authors: Neradenko T. M. 
Published: April 2021

The materials of Molyukhiv Buhor, obtained during excavations in 1955—1956 by V. M. Danylenko, were constantly used by D. Y. Telegin in his scientific works particularly in the monograph «Dnipro-Donetsk Culture. To the History of the Population of the Neolithic Epoch — Early Metal of the South of Eastern Europe» 1968; in the monograph «Seredni Stoh Culture of the Copper Age» in 1973; in the article «Cultural identity and dating of supine Eneolithic burials of the Steppe Dnieper» 1987; in the book «Neolithic Burial Grounds of the Mariupol Type» 1991; in the publication «Settlements of the Dnieper-Donetsk Ethnocultural Community of the Neolithic Era» 1998 (co-authored by O. M. Titova); in the book «Seredni Stoh and Novodanilivka cultures of the Eneolithic of the Azov-Pontic region: an archaeological-anthropological analysis of materials and catalog of sites» 2001 (co-authors A. L. Nechitaylo, I. D. Potekhina, Y. V. Panchenko). The conclusions of the scholar according to the first two monographs became the basis for the recognition of Molyukhiv Buhor as one of the outstanding sites of Ukraine in the Neo-Eneolithic Age.
Since 1992 the archeological study of Molyukhiv Buhor has been carried out by the author who has discovered on the settlement the system of «moats» and «pillars», the remains of Neolithic dwellings, residential-economic complex of the late Neolithic age, the ancient burial ground with 6 different graveyards, 44 economic pits of different historical periods, etc.
A diverse collection of archaeological materials, the total number of which is more than 103700 finds, is the ceramic complex, flint tools, stone tools, horn and bone products, copper products, and allows to describe fully and comprehensively the material culture of the inhabitants in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods.
Thus, new research allows us to clarify, supplement and expand our understanding of the material culture of the tribes of Dnieper-Donetsk and Seredni Stoh cultures, compare them with the research of D. Ya. Telegin 1960—1970 and note that many conclusions of the scholar of 50 years ago find their confirmation in new studies of Molyukhіv Buhor.
Archaeological studies of the settlement are being continued. In recent years, they have focused on the excavation of a large residential and commercial complex in the north of the settlement.
PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) KULIT PISANG KEPOK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.)
Authors: Nurcholis Jati , Vira Andi , Buhaerah Buhaerah , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin 
Published: April 2021

Penelitiian ini bertujuan untuk

Tujuan:
1. Untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik pupuk organik cair limbah kulit pisang kepok yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.)
2. Untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani terhadap pupuk organik cair limbah kulit pisang kepok terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.)

Rancangan Penyuluhan
1. Materi : Pupuk Organik Cair Kulit Pisang Kepok.
2. Media : Folder, LCD, Benda sesungguhnya.
3. Metode : Ceramah, Diskusi dan Demonstrasi cara
4. Sasaran : Kelompok Tani

Evaluasi

Rumusan Masalah:
1. Bagaimana pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.) terhadap pemberian pupuk organik cair kulit pisang kepok?
2. Bagaimana perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani terhadap pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC) kulit pisang kepok pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.) ?

1.

Kajiwidya

mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair kulit pisang kepok terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L)
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian (Polbangtan) Gowa, Kelurahan Romang Lompoa Kecamatan Bontomarannu Kabupaten Gowa pada Maret sampai Mei 2020. Kajiwidya dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu D0 : Kontrol (Tanpa Perlakuan) D1 : Pemberian POC Kulit Pisang Kepok 100 mL/liter air, D2 : Pemberian POC Kulit Pisang Kepok 200 mL/liter air, D3 : Pemberian POC Kulit Pisang Kepok 300 mL/liter air dan di lakukan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 plot perlakuan. Parameter yang di amati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan berat panen.
Pemberian pupuk organik cair kulit pisang kepok terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau dengan perlakuan D3 300 mL/liter air memberikan hasil terbaik pada tinggi tanaman yaitu 45,3 cm, jumlah daun yaitu 12 helai dan berat panen yaitu 138 g.
Vaccines: past, present and future
Authors: BERDEU Ion , SPATARU Diana , PARASCHIV Angela 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Vaccination is now entering the third century of its practice and it is the most important medical intervention that has ever been implemented. Due to vaccines, the incidence of infectious diseases, which have killed hundreds of millions throughout the history has been dramatically reduced and made a substantial contribution to life expectancy. Recently, new technologies have emerged in the development of vaccines that are being implemented in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. The successful immunoprophylaxis and the better understanding of the immune response mechanisms suggest that vaccination would also help in curing cancer and chronic diseases in the nearest future.
Material and methods. There were analyzed 43 scientific articles on both vaccination and its future potential.
Results. On 8 May 1980, the World Health Organization certified that smallpox had been eradicated globally. For the first time in history, the humankind defeated a disease. It was certainly the greatest medical achievement of the twentieth century. Recently, however, new technologies have emerged in the development of vaccines, based on mRNA, viral vectors and other technologies.
Conclusions. Vaccines are the most important medical achievement ever made with a great impact in eradicating and controlling emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.