bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
دور أنماط القيادة في إدارة رأس المال الفكري دراسة حالة دائرة جمارك امارة دبي بدولة الامارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: محمد حسين المازمي الاستاذ / محمد على , حنفي محمد نور تبيدي الدكتور/ محمد 
Published: October 2021

This research aimed primarily to identify the role of leadership patterns in the management of intellectual capital at the Dubai Custom Authority in the United Arab Emirates State. The research problem statement is well represented in the study and analysis of the role of the prevailing leadership patterns and the effect of the same on the management of intellectual capital at the Dubai Custom Authority. To achieve the research objectives, the following hypotheses have been tested: The leadership patterns do not significantly affect the dimensions of intellectual capital. The transactional leadership pattern does not significantly affect the dimensions of intellectual capital. The transformational leadership pattern does not significantly affect the dimensions of intellectual capital.
The research used the analytical, descriptive approach to affect the research study. The research has reached a number of research findings, the most significant of which are the following: There is a high level of each of the dimensions of the measurement of leadership patterns among the employees at the Customs Centers in Dubai. There is a direct correlation that is statistically significant between the human and intellectual capital and customers' capital and the transformational leadership pattern, while, there is no correlation of statistical significance between the human and intellectual capital and customers' capital and the transactional leadership pattern. The research then concluded with a set of recommendations, including the following: The research recommended deepening, managing and developing the intellectual capital concept to achieve the competitive advantages. The research recommended choosing that type of administrative leaders who have the characteristics of transformational leadership, since it deemed as the best of leadership patterns in terms of ability to make change and affect the management and investment of the intellectual capital in an effective manner.
أثر تطبيق النظام اللامركزي على أداء ادارات الارشاد البيطري على المستوى الولائي الفترة من 2007م-2011م
Authors: محمد الأمين حمد علي د. ابوبكر 
Published: October 2021

The paper aims to identify the impact of implementation of decentralization system in performance of veterinary extension directorates at state level, the study used the descriptive method and depended on analysis of extension service survey form which developed by Directorate-General of Extension,Technology Transfer and Producers Development in Ministry of livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands in 2011 for assessment the structure and activities of Directorates of Extension at state level during the period of 2007-2011,the sample size present 73.3% of Sudanese states at that time.
The study found there is a joint Directorate for crops and livestock Extension in most states,and the numbers of manpower inadequate for the executive level,also there is inadequate budgetary allocation for them,and they have serve shortage in the main extension aids for demonstration,all that lead to serve weakness in extension activities so each state has only one programme in average through the targeted period,the paper recommended that there should be a separate units within the directorates of agricultural extension for livestock extension and communicate with the local authorities to pursue them by importance of extension role in developing production and productivity so as to allocate suitable budgets and increase the manpower size and provide them by basic equipments and hold a national conference to overcome obstacles that face extension directorates at the state level.
Digital religious celebrations during and after the Covid-19. Limits and opportunities for regulation
Authors: Palumbo Paolo 
Published: October 2021

SOMMARIO: 1. The pandemic and the damage occurred to the right of community religious freedom - 2. A survey on the exercise of the worship during lockdown - 3. Digital celebrations: is there a legal regulation?
ABSTRACT: During the first phases of the pandemic until today, many religious activities, especially liturgical celebrations, have been suspended and reorganised. Drastic measures and choices were necessary, always in balance with constitutional principles. In this social and historical context, digital platforms seem to have turned into liturgical spaces. The contribution aims to highlight the problems and opportunities that have arisen and to present the practices used within confessional systems, particularly the Catholic one. Also in relation to a research on the subject, promoted by the Giustino Fortunato University, reflections are offered that may favour a better relationship between the needs of worship and liturgical and confessional law in the field of sacraments and celebrations.
عزل وتعريف مسبب مرض التبقع البني الشكولاتي (Botrytis faba) على أوراق الفول البلدي في منطقتي المرج والوسيطة بالجبل الأخضر
Authors: محمد نوارة علي , بوعزوم ونورا محمد 
Published: October 2021

استهدفت هذه الدراسة تعريف الفطر المسبب لمرض التبقع البني على أوراق الفول، حيث جمعت عشوائياً أوراق الفول من حقول المرج، وحقول الوسيطة خلال فبراير ومارس 2017 في مراحل: الإزهار، والإثمار المتأخرة، تظهر عليها أعراض المرض عدد 50 نباتا/ حقلا. وقدرت نسبة الإصابة في العينات وشدتها، عزل مسبب مرض التبقع البنى من الأوراق المصابة طبيعيا، وبعد اختبار قدرته الإمراضية، نمي الفطر النقي على الأوساط الغذائية صلبة شملت كل من زابكس (Cz)، وبطاطس دكستروز أجار PDA) (، وبيئة مالت أجار(MA)، وحضنت عند 22 درجة مئوية، بينت نتائج الدراسة إصابة أوراق الفول المزروعة بحقول كل من المرج والوسيطة بمرض التبقع البني، حيث ظهرت أعراضه على شكل بقع بنية محمرة صغيرة على الأوراق، ومتوسط قطرها 0.52سم، وسجلت كمية المرض بحساب نسبة الإصابة، ووصلت في حقول المرج إلى 87.6%، في حين كانت شدة الإصابة أعلى في حقول الوسيطة، حيث بلغت 49.7%. كما أكدت الدراسة على قدرة الفطر النقي المعزول من أوراق الفول على إحداث الإصابة وتسجيل البقعة على أوراق نبات الفول صنف المصري بعد 48 ساعة من الحقن. واتضح من خلال القياسات أن المسبب المسؤول عن المرض هو الفطر Botrytis fabae، المميز بميسليوم مقسم داكن، متوسط سمكه (11.75 ميكرومتير)، وينتج الجراثيم الكونيدية في عناقيد عند أطراف متسلسلة متفرعة، وهي أحادية الخلية، مستديرة لونها بني خفيف، متوسط الطول 14.5 ميكروميتر والعرض 10.8 ميكروميتر، كما أعطت بيئة زابكس أعلى نمو ميسليومي، وجراثيم وأجسام حجرية مقارنة بالأوساط الغذائية الأخرى.
“Did You Think You Would Die?”: Fear of Death and Its Relationship to the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Traumatic Injury
Authors: Simske Natasha M. , Joseph Noah M. , Rascoe Alexander , Kalina Mark , Simpson Megen , Hendrickson Sarah B. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Patient-specific factors may influence posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development and warrant further examination. This study investigates potential association between patient-reported fear of death at the time of injury and development of PTSD.

Methods:
Over 35 months, 250 patients were screened for PTSD at their first posthospitalization clinic visit and were asked “Did you think you were going to die from this injury?” (yes or no). PTSD screening was conducted using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 questionnaire. A score ≥33 was considered positive for PTSD, and patients were offered ancillary psychiatric services. Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for baseline demographics and injury information.

Results:
Forty-three patients (17%) indicated a fear of death. The mean age was 46 years, with patients who feared death being younger (36 versus 48, P < 0.001), and 62% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle or motorcycle collisions (30%) and ground-level falls (21%). Gunshot wounds were more common among patients who feared death from trauma (44% versus 7%, P < 0.001). PTSD questionnaires were completed a median of 26 days after injury, with an average score of 12.6. PTSD scores were higher for patients with fear of death (32.7 versus 8.5), and these patients required more acute interventions (47% versus 7%), both P < 0.001. After multivariable logistic regression, patients who thought that they would die from their trauma had >13 times higher odds of developing PTSD (odds ratios: 13.42, P < 0.0001). Apart from positive psychiatric history (OR: 5.46, P = 0.001), no factors (ie, age, sex, mechanism, or any injury or treatment characteristic) were predictive of positive PTSD scores on regression.

Dicussion:
Patients who reported fear of death at the time of injury were 13 times more likely to develop PTSD. Simply asking patients whether they thought that they would die at the time of injury may prospectively identify PTSD risk.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II
Soybean Seed Compounds as Natural Health Protectors
Authors: Giezi Boldrini Gabriel , Daniela Martin Molinero Glenda , Verónica Pérez Chaca María , Noemí Gómez Nidia , Mónica Alvarez Silvina 
Published: October 2021

Glycine max (L) Merrill, better known as soy or soybean, is a legume of asian origin considered an excellent biotype, given the fact that it contains almost everything the human being needs for the diet. Its cultivation worldwide is one of the most important, and soy itself and its derivatives are highly on demand. The health effects of soy derived foods have been investigated for more than 25 years, and some of them remain controversial. On the other hand, we wondered if soy could be used to ameliorate the toxic effects of heavy metals. Therefore, in this chapter we review general characteristics of soy as well as its nutritional potential, and we compiled the newest information about the health effects of soy. In order to test our hypothesis, we developed a model of animals exposed to cadmium, and we gave them a soy based diet, comparing it with a casein-based diet as control. This allowed us to collect information about its effect on the respiratory and nervous system. Among the results of this review, we show that it reduces the cholesterol level and obesity while also having antidiabetic effects. We enumerate the benefits of soy-based diets on the respiratory system, such as protection against lung cancer and radiotherapy, better lung function in asthma patients and protection against cadmium intoxication. In the cardiovascular system it reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, improves blood pressure, glycemic control, and inflammation while it reduces not all but some of the alterations induced by cadmium exposure on the aorta and heart. It apparently promotes neurogenesis, improves cognitive functions, and reduces the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by cadmium exposure in the cerebellum. Taken all together, this information let us conclude that soy consumption would exhibit numerous benefits for human health, although future studies should try to elucidate the best outcome considering variables such as gender, age, treatment duration and dosage of soy products consumption in the diet.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes for male sterility in Prunus sibirica
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Xu Hao , Zhang Jian , Dong Shengjun , Liu Quangang , Wang Ruoxi 
Published: October 2021

Background
The phenomenon of male sterility widely occurs in Prunus sibirica and has a serious negative impact on yield. We identified the key stage and cause of male sterility and found differentially expressed genes related to male sterility in Prunus sibirica, and we analyzed the expression pattern of these genes. This work aimed to provide valuable reference and theoretical basis for the study of reproductive development and the mechanisms of male sterility in Prunus sibirica.

Method
The microstructures of male sterile flower buds and male fertile flower buds were observed by paraffin section. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen genes related to male sterility in Prunus sibirica. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to verify the transcriptome data.

Results
Anther development was divided into the sporogenous cell stage, tetrad stage, microspore stage, and pollen maturity stage. Compared with male fertile flower buds, in the microspore stage, the pollen sac wall tissue in the male sterile flower buds showed no signs of degeneration. In the pollen maturity stage, the tapetum and middle layer were not fully degraded, and anther development stopped. Therefore, the microspore stage was the key stage for anther abortion , and the pollen maturity stage was the post stage for anther abortion. A total of 4,108 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome analysis. Among them, 1,899 were up-regulated, and 2,209 were down-regulated in the transcriptome of male sterile flower buds. We found that “protein kinase activity”, “apoptosis process”, “calcium binding”, “cell death”, “cytochrome c oxidase activity”, “aspartate peptidase activity”, “cysteine peptidase activity” and other biological pathways such as “starch and sucrose metabolism” and “proteasome” were closely related to male sterility in Prunus sibirica. A total of 331 key genes were preliminarily screened.

Conclusion
The occurrence of male sterility in Prunus sibirica involved many biological processes and metabolic pathways. According to the results of microstructure observations, related physiological indexes determination and transcriptome analysis, we reveal that the occurrence of male sterility in Prunus sibirica may be caused by abnormal metabolic processes such as the release of cytochrome c in the male sterile flower buds, the imbalance of the antioxidant system being destroyed, and the inability of macromolecular substances such as starch to be converted into soluble small molecules at the correct stage of reproductive development, resulting in energy loss. As a result, the tapetum cannot be fully degraded, thereby blocking anther development, which eventually led to the formation of male sterility.
Angiogenic Sprouting Dynamics Mediated by Endothelial‐Fibroblast Interactions in Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Walji Noosheen , Kheiri Sina , Young Edmond W. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAngiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is a key process in normal development and pathophysiology. In vitro models are necessary for investigating mechanisms of angiogenesis and developing antiangiogenic therapies. Microfluidic cell culture models of angiogenesis are favored for their ability to recapitulate 3D tissue structures and control spatiotemporal aspects of the microenvironments. To capture the angiogenesis process, microfluidic models often include endothelial cells and a fibroblast component. However, the influence of fibroblast organization on resulting angiogenic behavior remains unclear. Here a comparative study of angiogenic sprouting on a microfluidic chip induced by fibroblasts in 2D monolayer, 3D dispersed, and 3D spheroid culture formats, is conducted. Vessel morphology and sprout distribution for each configuration are measured, and these observations are correlated with measurements of secreted factors and numerical simulations of diffusion gradients. The results demonstrate that angiogenic sprouting varies in response to fibroblast organization with correlating variations in secretory profile and secreted factor gradients across the microfluidic device. This study is anticipated to shed light on how sprouting dynamics are mediated by fibroblast configuration such that the microfluidic cell culture design process includes the selection of a fibroblast component where the effects are known and leveraged.
Ultralow Power Optical Synapses Based on MoS2 Layers by Indium‐Induced Surface Charge Doping for Biomimetic Eyes
Authors: Hu Yunxia , Dai Mingjin , Feng Wei , Zhang Xin , Gao Feng , Zhang Shichao , Tan Biying , Zhang Jia , Shuai Yong , Fu YongQing , Hu PingAn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomimetic eyes, with their excellent imaging functions such as large fields of view and low aberrations, have shown great potentials in the fields of visual prostheses and robotics. However, high power consumption and difficulties in device integration severely restrict their rapid development. In this study, an artificial synaptic device consisting of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film coated with an electron injection enhanced indium (In) layer is proposed to increase the channel conductivity and reduce the power consumption. This artificial synaptic device achieves an ultralow power consumption of 68.9 aJ per spike, which is several hundred times lower than those of the optical artificial synapses reported in literature. Furthermore, the multilayer and polycrystalline MoS2 film shows persistent photoconductivity performance, effectively resulting in short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, and their transitions between each other. A 5 × 5 In/MoS2 synaptic device array is constructed into a hemispherical electronic retina, demonstrating its impressive image sensing and learning functions. This research provides a new methodology for effective control of artificial synaptic devices, which have great opportunities used in bionic retinas, robots, and visual prostheses.
Highly Efficient and Stable Dion−Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Extended π‐Conjugation of Organic Spacer
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Lu Di , Dong Xiyue , Chen Mingqian , Fu Qiang , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) perovskites have become an emerging photovoltaic material with excellent structure and environmental stability due to their lacking van der Waals gaps relative to 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites. Here, a fused‐thiophene‐based spacer, namely TTDMAI, is successfully developed for 2D DJ perovskite solar cells. It is found that the DJ perovskite using TTDMA spacer with extended π‐conjugation length exhibits high film quality, large crystal size and preferred crystal vertical orientation induced by the large crystal nuclei in precursor solution, resulting in lower trap density, reduced exciton binding energy and oriented charge transport. As a result, the optimized 2D DJ perovskite device based on TTDMA (nominal n = 4) delivers a champion PCE up to 18.82%. Importantly, the unencapsulated device based on TTDMA can sustain average 99% of their original efficiency after being stored in N2 for 4400 h (over 6 months). Moreover, light, thermal, environmental and operational stabilities are also significantly improved in comparison with their 3D counterparts.
Cell‐Traction‐Triggered On‐Demand Electrical Stimulation for Neuron‐Like Differentiation
Authors: Liu Zhirong , Cai Mingjun , Zhang Xiaodi , Yu Xin , Wang Shu , Wan Xingyi , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Linlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectromechanical interaction of cells and extracellular matrix are ubiquitous in biological systems. Understanding the fundamentals of this interaction and feedback is critical to design next‐generation electroactive tissue engineering scaffold. Herein, based on elaborately modulating the dynamic mechanical forces in cell microenvironment, the design of a smart piezoelectric scaffold with suitable stiffness analogous to that of collagen for on‐demand electrical stimulation is reported. Specifically, it generated a piezoelectric potential, namely a piezopotential, to stimulate stem cell differentiation with cell traction as a loop feedback signal, thereby avoiding the unfavorable effect of early electrical stimulation on cell spreading and adhesion. This is the first time to adapt to the dynamic microenvironment of cells and meet the electrical stimulation of cells in different states by a constant scaffold, diminishing the cumbersomeness of inducing material transformation or trigging by an external stimulus. This in situ on‐demand electrical stimulation based on cell‐traction‐mediated piezopotential paves the way for smart scaffolds design and future bioelectronic therapies.
Metal‐Free, Base‐Promoted, Tandem Pericyclic Reaction: A One‐Pot Approach for Cycloheptane‐Annelated Chromones from γ‐Alkynyl‐1,3‐Diketones
Authors: Liang Yi‐En , Kan Chih‐Yu , Barve Balaji D. , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Fang Hsu‐Wei , Li Wen‐Tai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA microwave‐assisted, base‐promoted, tandem cyclization reaction strategy has been developed for the synthesis of cyclohepta[b]chromones and spiro cyclohepta[b]chromones. Readily accessible γ‐alkynyl‐1,3‐diketones undergo intramolecular cyclization and 7‐endo‐trig carbocyclization to afford various cycloheptane‐annelated chromones in one‐pot reactions. This metal‐free protocol also led to the generation of polycyclic ring with a new C−C bond and a new C−O bond.magnified image
Estimating market power for the Chinese fluid milk market with imported products
Authors: Chen Yuquan , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMarket power exercised by large dairy brands is an important policy concern in China, while imported milk players have not received enough attention. In this paper, we construct a New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) model to estimate the market powers of fluid milk products. Our results indicate the Chinese fluid milk market is imperfectly competitive where the top three domestic brands own strong market power, but there is no evidence to justify the existence of market power for the imported milk. It might be due to the high price elasticity of demand, inefficient sales channels, and entry barriers of imported fluid milk. In terms of policy implications, the government needs to create a more competitive market for the whole dairy industry. Overseas suppliers also need to improve their competitiveness by optimizing their sales network and enhancing consumers' brand loyalty. [EconLit Citations: Q13, L66, L52].