bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fukomys anselli (Rodentia: Bathyergidae)
Authors: Begall Sabine , Burda Hynek , Caspar Kai R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fukomys anselli (Burda, Zima, Scharff, Macholán, and Kawalika 1999) is a bathyergid commonly known as Ansell’s mole-rat. This tooth-digging subterranean rodent lives in cooperatively breeding family groups. It is a small-bodied representative of the genus Fukomys, whose members are distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Fukomys anselli is endemic to central Zambia and occurs in mesic woodland and agricultural areas. In rural settings, F. anselli is frequently hunted for consumption, but it is unclear whether this significantly impacts its population integrity. Fukomys anselli is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) with a declining population trend by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.
Extracellular vesicles: The key for precision medicine in glioblastoma
Authors: Del Bene Massimiliano , Osti Daniela , Faletti Stefania , Beznoussenko Galina V , DiMeco Francesco , Pelicci Giuliana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and lethal disease of the central nervous system. Diagnosis is delayed following the occurrence of symptoms, and treatment is based on standardized approaches that are unable to cope with its heterogeneity, mutability, and invasiveness. The follow-up of patients relies on burdensome schedules for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, to personalize treatment, biomarkers and liquid biopsy still represent unmet clinical needs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the key to revolutionize the entire process of care for patients with GBM. EVs can be collected noninvasively (eg, blood) and impressively possess multilayered information, which is constituted by their concentration and molecular cargo. EV-based liquid biopsy may facilitate GBM diagnosis and enable the implementation of personalized treatment, resulting in customized care for each patient and for each analyzed time point of the disease, thereby tackling the distinctive heterogeneity and mutability of GBM that confounds effective treatment. Herein, we discuss the limitations of current GBM treatment options and the rationale behind the need for personalized care. We also review the evidence supporting GBM-associated EVs as a promising tool capable of fulfilling the still unmet clinical need for effective and timely personalized care of patients with GBM.
Visit Trends and Factors Associated With Telemedicine Uptake Among Persons With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wood Brian R , Lan Kristine F , Tao Yuan , Mose Eric Y , Aas Erin , Budak Jehan Z , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Kim H Nina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, clinicians in outpatient HIV practices began to routinely offer telemedicine (video and/or phone visits) to replace in-person appointments. Video visits are preferred over phone visits, but determinants of video visit uptake in HIV care settings have not been well described.MethodsTrends in type of encounter (face-to-face, video, and phone) before and during the pandemic were reviewed for persons with HIV (PWH) at an urban, academic, outpatient HIV clinic in Seattle, Washington. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with video visit use including sociodemographic characteristics (age, race, ethnicity, language, insurance status, housing status) and electronic patient portal login.ResultsAfter an initial increase in video visits to 30% of all completed encounters, the proportion declined and plateaued at ~10%. A substantial proportion of face-to-face visits were replaced by phone visits (~50% of all visits were by phone early in the pandemic, now stable at 10%–20%). Logistic regression demonstrated that older age (&gt;50 or &gt;65 years old compared with 18–35 years old), Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander race (compared with White race), and Medicaid insurance (compared with private insurance) were significantly associated with never completing a video visit, whereas history of patient portal login was significantly associated with completing a video visit.ConclusionsSince the pandemic began, an unexpectedly high proportion of telemedicine visits have been by phone instead of video. Several social determinants of health and patient portal usage are associated with video visit uptake.
Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Relationship Among Physical Capacity, Balance Self-Efficacy, and Participation in People After Stroke
Authors: French Margaret A , Miller Allison , Pohlig Ryan T , Reisman Darcy S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveIt was previously found that balance self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physical capacity and participation after stroke. The effect of other factors that influence participation, such as depression, on this relationship has not been explored. This study examined the effect of symptoms of depression on the mediated relationship between physical capacity and participation by balance self-efficacy in individuals after stroke.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 282 persons with chronic stroke (&gt;6 months) were classified as having either low or high Geriatric Depression Scale scores. This study used a multiple group structural equation model to test moderated mediation by comparing a constrained model (indicating no effect of depression on the mediation) and an unconstrained model (indicating an effect of depression on the mediation). The models were compared using a chi-squared difference test.ResultsThe chi-squared difference test suggested that the unconstrained model was a better fit, indicating that depressive symptoms moderated the mediated relationship between physical capacity and participation (χ2(3, N = 282) = 9.0). In the Low Depression group, a significant indirect effect indicated that balance self-efficacy did mediate the relationship between physical capacity and participation. There was no significant indirect effect in the High Depression group.ConclusionThe results suggest the relationship between physical capacity and participation appears to be mediated by balance self-efficacy in individuals after stroke with low reports of depressive symptoms, but in those with high reports of depressive symptoms, physical capacity and balance self-efficacy are unrelated to participation.ImpactTargeting balance self-efficacy to improve post-stroke participation may be beneficial only for individuals with low reports of depression. In individuals after stroke with high reports of depression, treatment should include and emphasize the treatment of those depressive symptoms. Additional work further examining these complex relationships is warranted.
Neural Substrates of Psychotic Depression: Findings From the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration
Authors: Takamiya Akihiro , Dols Annemiek , Emsell Louise , Abbott Christopher , Yrondi Antoine , Soriano Mas Carles , Jorgensen Martin Balslev , Nordanskog Pia , Rhebergen Didi , van Exel Eric , Oudega Mardien L , Bouckaert Filip , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Sienaert Pascal , Péran Patrice , Cano Marta , Cardoner Narcis , Jorgensen Anders , Paulson Olaf B , Hamilton Paul , Kampe Robin , Bruin Willem , Bartsch Hauke , Ousdal Olga Therese , Kessler Ute , van Wingen Guido , Oltedal Leif , Kishimoto Taishiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Psychotic major depression (PMD) is hypothesized to be a distinct clinical entity from nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD). However, neurobiological evidence supporting this notion is scarce. The aim of this study is to identify gray matter volume (GMV) differences between PMD and NPMD and their longitudinal change following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 8 independent sites in the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) database (n = 108; 56 PMD and 52 NPMD; mean age 71.7 in PMD and 70.2 in NPMD) were analyzed. All participants underwent MRI before and after ECT. First, cross-sectional whole-brain voxel-wise GMV comparisons between PMD and NPMD were conducted at both time points. Second, in a flexible factorial model, a main effect of time and a group-by-time interaction were examined to identify longitudinal effects of ECT on GMV and longitudinal differential effects of ECT between PMD and NPMD, respectively. Compared with NPMD, PMD showed lower GMV in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortex before ECT; PMD showed lower GMV in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) after ECT. Although there was a significant main effect of time on GMV in several brain regions in both PMD and NPMD, there was no significant group-by-time interaction. Lower GMV in the MPFC was consistently identified in PMD, suggesting this may be a trait-like neural substrate of PMD. Longitudinal effect of ECT on GMV may not explain superior ECT response in PMD, and further investigation is needed.
Money Talks: Pilot Financial Wellness Programs to Promote Positive Financial Planning Behaviors Among Residents
Authors: Ng Patricia , Raghavan Sreekala , Zhang Christiana , Pan Jing-Yu , O’Rourke Paul , Wong Rachel 
Published: September 2021

Problem
Graduate medical education programs and national organizations are becoming more involved in promoting trainee financial wellness. Current literature reports residents have poor financial knowledge, high debt levels, low concern about their finances, and deficits in financial preparedness, but there has been little published on best practices for implementing financial wellness programs for residents or measuring meaningful outcomes of such programs.

Approach
From June 2017 to 2019, the authors invited 277 internal medicine residents from the Stony Brook University Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center, and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center residency programs to participate in financial wellness programs. Each institution held at least one 90-minute financial planning session; Stony Brook also had biannual financial wellness check-ins. Participants were invited to complete a presession, an immediate postsession, and a year-end survey to assess changes in financial planning behaviors.

Outcomes
Survey response rates were 49% (135/277) for the presession survey, 47% (130/277) for the immediate postsession survey, and 22% (61/277) for the year-end survey. Ninety-six percent (125/130) found the sessions helpful and 98% (120/123) recommended continuing the program in the future. At year-end, the most frequent completed financial planning actions prompted by the session included saving emergency funds, creating a monthly budget, consolidating loans via the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, contributing to retirement savings, and participating in an employer’s retirement plan. Residents liked that some sessions were during intern orientation before the selection of retirement plans. Postgraduate year (PGY) 1 residents were more likely to complete positive financial planning actions and to agree or strongly agree that the session prompted them to take financial planning actions than PGY-2 and PGY-3 residents.

Next Steps
While financial wellness programs are well received by internal medicine residents, more robust evidence is needed on curricular delivery methods and program features that promote positive financial planning behaviors.
Outcome of correction of complex femoral rotational deformities using Taylor Spatial Frame in skeletally immature patients: a retrospective case series
Authors: Meselhy Mohammed Anter , Essawy Osama M. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Although the incidence of rotational lower-limb deformity caused by malunited femoral fractures is low, it can alter the force transition across lower limb joints. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) in the treatment of severe rotational lower-limb deformities that were caused by neglected malunited femoral fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Methods:
Fifteen skeletally immature patients, six boys and nine girls with mean age of 10.17 yr (range: 7 to 14 yr), who had rotational deformities of the lower limbs and had osteotomies and application of TSF from March 2012 to February 2016 underwent clinical and radiographic assessments.

Results:
The osteotomy site was at the middle third of the femur in 12 patients and at the supracondylar region in three patients. The mean correction time for the femoral rotational deformity was 19.6 days (range: 15 to 28 days). The mean time for fixator removal after full correction of rotational deformity and lengthening was 172.67 days (range: 150 to 180 days). The mean preoperative leg-length discrepancy (LLD) was 4.31 cm (range: 2 to 10 cm), and the mean postoperative LLD was 0.27 cm (range: 0 to 2 cm; P<0.001). Femoral torsion was internal in 10 patients and external in five patients. The mean preoperative rotational deformity was 81 degrees (range: 60 to 180 degrees); the mean postoperative rotational deformity decreased significantly to 3.53 degrees (range: 0 to 7 degrees; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
TSF was effective in treating severe rotational deformities of the lower limbs that were caused by neglected malunited femoral fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Effects of bronchial thermoplasty and cryoablation on airway smooth muscle
Authors: Li Xuan , Xie Shuan-Shuan , Li Guo-Shu , Zeng Jie , Duan Hong-Xia , Wang Chang-Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
The effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) has been reported in patients with severe asthma. This study compared the effects of BT and cryoballoon ablation (CBA) therapy on the airway smooth muscle (ASM).

Methods:
Eight healthy male beagle dogs were included in this experiment. In the preliminary experiment, one dog received BT treatment for both lower lobe bronchus, another dog received CBA treatment for 7 s on the upper and lower lobe of right bronchus, and 30 s on the left upper and lower lobe. The treatments were performed twice at an interval of 1 month. In subsequent experiments, the right lower lobe bronchus was treated with BT, and the left lower lobe bronchus was treated with CBA. The effects of treatment were observed after 1 (n = 3) month and 6 months (n = 3). Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to compare the effects of BT and CBA therapy on the ASM thickness, collagen fibers synthesis, and M3 receptor expression after treatment. One-way analysis of variance with Dunnett post hoc test was used to analyze the differences among groups.

Results:
In the preliminary experiment, the ASM ablation effect of 30-s CBA was equivalent to that of 7-s CBA (ASM thickness: 30.52 ± 7.75 μm vs. 17.57 ± 15.20 μm, P = 0.128), but the bronchial mucociliary epithelium did not recover, and large numbers of inflammatory cells had infiltrated the mucosal epithelium at 1-month post-CBA with 30-s freezing. Therefore, we chose 7 s as the CBA treatment time in our follow-up experiments. Compared with the control group (35.81 ± 11.02 μm), BT group and CBA group (13.41 ± 4.40 μm and 4.81 ± 4.44 μm, respectively) had significantly decreased ASM thickness after 1 month (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ASM thickness was significantly lower in the 1-month post-CBA group than in the 1-month post-BT group (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in ASM thickness between the BT and CBA groups after six months (9.92 ± 4.42 μm vs. 7.41 ± 7.20 μm, P = 0.540). Compared with the control group (0.161 ± 0.013), the average optical density of the ASM M3 receptor was significantly decreased in 6-month post-BT, 1-month post-CBA, and 6-month post-CBA groups (0.070 ± 0.022, 0.072 ± 0.012, 0.074 ± 0.008, respectively; all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average optical density of ASM M3 receptor between the BT and CBA therapy groups after six months (P = 0.613).

Conclusions:
CBA therapy effectively ablates the ASM, and its ablation effect is equivalent to that of BT with a shorter onset time. A neural mechanism is involved in both BT and CBA therapy.
Standardized Training for Physicians Practicing Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care
Authors: Tabbutt Sarah , Krawczeski Catherine , McBride Mary , Amirnovin Rambod , Owens Gabe , Smith Andrew , Wolf Michael , Rhodes Leslie , Hehir David , Asija Ritu , Teele Sarah A. , Ghanayem Nancy , Zyblewski Sinai , Thiagarajan Ravi , Yeh Justin , Shin Andrew Y. , Schwartz Steve M. , Schuette Jennifer , Scahill Carly , Roth Stephen J. , Hoffman Timothy M. , Cooper David S. , Byrnes Jonathan , Bergstrom Charges , Vesel Travis , Scott Jake P. , Rossi Anthony , Kwiatkowski David , DiPietro Lisa M. , Connor Chad , Chen Jodi , Charpie John , Bochkoris Matt , Affolter Jeremy , Bronicki Ronald A. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES:
In the vast majority of Children’s Hospitals, the critically ill patient can be found in one of three locations: the PICU, the neonatal ICU, and the cardiac ICU. Training, certification, and maintenance of certification for neonatology and critical care medicine are over seen by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Pediatrics. There is no standardization of training or oversight of certification and maintenance of certification for pediatric cardiac critical care.

DATA SOURCES:
The curricula from the twenty 4th year pediatric cardiac critical care training programs were collated, along with the learning objectives from the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society published “Curriculum for Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Medicine.”

STUDY SELECTION:
This initiative is endorsed by the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society as a first step toward Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education oversight of training and American Board of Pediatrics oversight of maintenance of certification.

DATA EXTRACTION:
A taskforce was established of cardiac intensivists, including the directors of all 4th year pediatric cardiac critical care training programs.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Using modified Delphi methodology, learning objectives, rotational requirements, and institutional requirements for providing training were developed.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the current era of increasing specialized care in pediatric cardiac critical care, standardized training for pediatric cardiac critical care is paramount to optimizing outcomes.
Outcomes of Catheter-Related Arterial and Venous Thrombosis After Enoxaparin Therapy in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Saini Ashish , Cavalcante Rodrigo , Crisanto Liliam Aquino , Sasaki Jun 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Outcomes of catheter-related arterial and venous thrombosis after enoxaparin therapy in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease.

DESIGN:
A single-center retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Cardiac ICU.

PATIENTS:
Patients under 1 year old cared for in the cardiac ICU at Nicklaus Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 and treated with enoxaparin for central vascular catheter-related arterial and venous thrombosis.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
One-hundred fifty-six events of central catheter-related arterial and venous thrombosis were included in the study. Arterial thrombi accounted for 109 (69.9%) and venous thrombi for 47 (30.1%) of the events. Femoral vessels were the most commonly affected site (88.5%). Therapeutic outcomes were analyzed in 106 events, excluding those without follow-up imaging. The analysis was stratified by age into neonates and infants and catheter types into arterial and venous catheter groups. Therapeutic dose of enoxaparin was higher in neonates (median 1.8 mg/kg/dose) compared with infants (1.6 mg/kg/dose; p = 0.001). Complete resolution was seen in 68%, partial resolution in 19%, nonresolution in 13% of the events. The complete resolution was higher for arterial than venous (85% vs 65.6%; p = 0.032) thrombi with a shorter duration of enoxaparin treatment (23 vs 43 d; p = 0.014). Complete resolution was lowest in neonates with venous thrombosis (42.9%). The median time to complete resolution by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 24.9 days in the overall cohort, 34.3 days in neonates, 24.9 days in infants, 20 days in arterial, and 44.9 days in venous catheter group.

CONCLUSIONS:
A high proportion of vascular catheter-related thrombi identified in infants with congenital heart disease resolve with enoxaparin treatment. In all patients with thrombosis, arterial versus venous thrombosis is associated with greater odds of resolution.
Establishing Entrustable Professional Activities in Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care*
Authors: Werho David K. , DeWitt Aaron G. , Owens Sonal T. , McBride Mary E. , van Schaik Sandrijn , Roth Stephen J. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Define a set of entrustable professional activities for pediatric cardiac critical care that are recognized as the core activities of the subspecialty by a diverse group of pediatric cardiac critical care physicians and that can be broadly and consistently applied irrespective of training pathway.

DESIGN:
Mixed methods study with sequential integration of qualitative and quantitative data.

SETTING:
Structured telephone interviews of pediatric cardiac critical care medical directors at Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium centers followed by an electronic survey of pediatric cardiac critical care physician members of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society from across the United States and internationally.

SUBJECTS:
Pediatric cardiac intensive care physicians.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Twenty-four of 26 eligible Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium medical directors participated in the interviews. Based on qualitative analyses of interview data, we identified an initial set of nine entrustable professional activities. Fifty-eight of 185 eligible physicians completed a subsequent survey asking them to rate their agreement with the entrustable professional activities. It showed consensus (> 80% agreement) with the entire initial set of entrustable professional activities, with greater than 96% agreement in most cases. The feedback from free-text survey responses was incorporated to generate a final set of entrustable professional activities.

CONCLUSIONS:
We generated a set of nine entrustable professional activities, which we believe can be broadly applied to any physician training in pediatric cardiac critical care, irrespective of individual training pathway. Next steps include incorporation of these entrustable professional activities into curriculum design and trainee assessment tools.