bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Gas in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy Group at z = 2.9
Authors: Shen Jeff , Man Allison W. S. , Zabl Johannes , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Stockmann Mikkel , Brammer Gabriel , Whitaker Katherine E. , Richard Johan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Most molecular gas studies of z > 2.5 galaxies are of intrinsically bright objects, despite the galaxy population being primarily normal galaxies with less extreme star formation rates. Observations of normal galaxies at high redshift provide a more representative view of galaxy evolution and star formation, but such observations are challenging to obtain. In this work, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12CO(J = 3 → 2) observations of a submillimeter selected galaxy group at z = 2.9, resulting in spectroscopic confirmation of seven images from four member galaxies. These galaxies are strongly lensed by the MS 0451.6-0305 foreground cluster at z = 0.55, allowing us to probe the molecular gas content on levels of 109–1010
M
⊙. Four detected galaxies have molecular gas masses of (0.2–13.1) × 1010
M
⊙, and the nondetected galaxies have inferred molecular gas masses of <8.0 × 1010
M
⊙. We compare these new data to a compilation of 546 galaxies up to z = 5.3, and find that depletion times decrease with increasing redshift. We then compare the depletion times of galaxies in overdense environments to the field-scaling relation from the literature, and find that the depletion time evolution is steeper for galaxies in overdense environments than for those in the field. More molecular gas measurements of normal galaxies in overdense environments at higher redshifts (z > 2.5) are needed to verify the environmental dependence of star formation and gas depletion.
Constraints on Planetesimal Accretion Inferred from Particle-size Distribution in CO Chondrites
Authors: Pinto Gabriel A. , Marrocchi Yves , Morbidelli Alessandro , Charnoz Sébastien , Eugenia Varela Maria , Soto Kevin , Martínez Rodrigo , Olivares Felipe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The formation of planetesimals was a key step in the assemblage of planetary bodies, yet many aspects of their formation remain poorly constrained. Notably, the mechanism by which chondrules—submillimetric spheroids that dominate primitive meteorites—were incorporated into planetesimals remains poorly understood. Here we classify and analyze particle-size distributions in various CO carbonaceous chondrites found in the Atacama Desert. Our results show that the average circle-equivalent diameters of chondrules define a positive trend with the petrographic grade, which reflects the progressive role of thermal metamorphism within the CO parent body. We show that this relationship could not have been established by thermal metamorphism alone but rather by aerodynamic sorting during accretion. By modeling the self-gravitational contraction of clumps of chondrules, we show that (i) the accretion of the CO parent body(ies) would have generated a gradual change of chondrule size with depth in the parent body, with larger chondrules being more centrally concentrated than smaller ones, and (ii) any subsequent growth by pebble accretion would have been insignificant. These findings give substantial support to the view that planetesimals formed via gravitational collapse.
Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Fiorillo Bruno F. , Maciel Jorge Henry , Martins Marcio 
Published: August 2021

The natural history of a cerrado snake community in a protected area in southeastern Brazil (Santa Bárbara Ecological Station; SBES) is described. A visual guide and an identification key are also provided to assist researchers and local people in identifying snakes in that region.
Sampling was performed through pitfall traps, time-constrained search, accidental encounters, and observations by local people for two years, which corresponded to 240 days of sampling. Among the 388 individuals found in the field, 33 snake species belonging to 21 genera of seven families were recorded. Most species were restricted or found at least once in non-forest vegetation types (campo sujo, campo cerrado, and cerrado sensu stricto) and a few were restricted to forest habitats (cerradão). Our results show that most species (1) occupy open areas; (2) present both diurnal and nocturnal activity; (3) are primarily terrestrial; (4) include lizards, mammals and/or anurans in the diet; (5) present seasonal reproductive activity; and (6) use mainly visually oriented defensive tactics. Despite its small size (3,154 ha), the SBES harbours preserved habitats and a rich and typical Cerrado snake fauna, including threatened species. Furthermore, most of the SBES snakes occur in non-forest environments (54%) and some species are sensitive to habitat disturbance.
Refractive Outcomes of Phacovitrectomy in Retinal Detachment Compared to Phacoemulsification Alone Using Swept-Source OCT Biometry
Authors: Moussa George , Mohite Abhijit Anand , Sachdev Amun , Hero Mark , Ch'ng Soon Wai , Andreatta Walter 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the refractive outcomes in patients who underwent combined phacovitrectomy for retinal detachment compared to phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implant utilizing newer swept-source optical-coherence-tomography (SS-OCT) biometry and determine the requirement of an adjustment factor for superior predicted refractive outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective study of 95 eyes: 52 eyes that underwent phacovitrectomy and 43 eyes with phacoemulsification only that served as the control group. Mean refractive error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to compare the groups.

RESULTS:

No statistically significant postoperative refractive shift was found between phacoemulsification and phacovitrectomy eyes for (1) ME (0.05 D [± 0.51 diopters (D)] and (0.03 [± 0.73 D], respectively;
P
= .348), (2) MAE (0.41 D ± 0.29 D and 0.60 ± 0.44 D, respectively), or (3) MAE of the control compared to macula-on/off eyes (
P
= .160 and
P
= .078, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
The authors do not recommend an adjustment factor for IOL selection when utilizing SS-OCT biometry, as it provided refractive outcomes superior to those found in previous studies utilizing a partial coherence interferometry system.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:432–437.]
JPX and LINC00641 ncRNAs expression in prostate tissue
Authors: Sajjadi Roshanak S. , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most prevalent cancer in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main biomarker for screening PC. An increase in PSA could lead to false-positive results. Thus, more appropriate markers should be investigated. In the present study, JPX and LINC00641 expression levels were measured in tumoral prostate tissue compared with the non-tumor tissue.

Experimental approach:
43 pairs of prostate tumoral and non-tumor tissue were prepared. The expression levels of JPX and LINC00641 were investigated by RT-qPCR.

Findings/Results:
Significant upregulation of LINC00641 (2.47 ± 0.5 vs 1.41 ± 0.2) and downregulation of JPX (1.42 ± 0.6 vs 2.83 ± 1.0) were observed in PC tissues compared with the normal tissues (their adjacent non-tumoral tissues).

Conclusion and implications:
Dysregulation of JPX and LINC00641 in PC patients could be used in the future as a prognostic biomarker in PC.
Gargle lavage & saliva
Authors: Gupta Ankesh , Mittal Ankit , Dhakad Shivram , Brijwal Megha , Soneja Manish , Srigyan Deepankar , Xess Ashit , Kumar Arvind , Ray Animesh , Meena Ved Prakash , Garg Rohit Kumar , Singh Komal , Desai Devashish , Chowdhury Mohit , Chowdhury Souradeep , Sharma Kunal , Narayan Ananthu , Krishnan G. Rahul , Naik Shivdas , Dar Lalit , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Pandey Shivam , Sinha Sanjeev , Wig Naveet 
Published: August 2021

Background & objectives:
In the present scenario, the most common sample for diagnosis of COVID-19 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is nasal and throat swab (NTS). Other sampling options such as gargle lavage have found limited application in clinical use mostly because of unavailability of an appropriate gargling liquid. This study was conducted to assess the stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in normal saline at 4°C that can serve as a gargling liquid as well as a transport medium. The study also looked at the agreement between NTS and gargle lavage/saliva for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
In 29 consecutive real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients, paired NTS, gargle and saliva samples were taken. Samples were processed by rRT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. To assess the SARS-CoV-2 RNA stability in normal saline, gargle lavage specimens were divided into two aliquots; one subset of the specimen was run within 4-6 h along with the routine samples (NTS and saliva) and the other subset was stored at 4°C and processed after 24-30 h. Agreement between cycle threshold (Ct) values from both the runs was compared using Bland–Altman (BA) analysis.

Results:
The positivity rates of rRT-PCR in NTS, saliva and gargle lavage samples were 82.7 (24/29), 79.3 (23/29) and 86.2 per cent (25/29), respectively. BA plot showed a good agreement between the Ct values of fresh and stored gargle samples, stipulating that there were no significant differences in the approximate viral load levels between the fresh and stored gargle lavage samples (bias: E gene −0.64, N gene −0.51, ORF gene −0.19).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study results show stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the gargle samples collected using normal saline up to 24-30 h. Gargle lavage and saliva specimen collection are cost-effective and acceptable methods of sampling for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by rRT-PCR. These simplified, inexpensive and acceptable methods of specimen collection would reduce the cost and workload on healthcare workers for sample collection.
Strategic Management of Adult Wilms' Tumor
Authors: Chen Bo-Han , Wu Sheng-Tang , Yang Ming-Hsin , Cha Tai-Lung , Tsao Chih-Wei , Meng En , Yu Dah-Shyong , Sun Guang-Huan , Kao Chien-Chang 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common solid primary renal malignancy in children but extremely rare in adult population. We report the clinical presentation and therapeutic results of our adult Wilms' tumor patients and review the previous literatures about diagnosis and treatments.

Methods:
A retrospective review was carried out to investigate the patients with adult Wilms' tumor at the Tri-Service General Hospital during a 35-year period (1980–2014). Seven patients ≥16 years old (one female and six males; median age at the time of diagnosis of 24 years; range: 21–48 years) were staged according to the National Wilms' Tumor Study staging system as follows: three patients had Stage II disease, two patients had Stage III disease, and two patients had Stage IV disease. All statistical values were represented as mean ± standard deviation. All tests were two-sided, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:
The most common clinical presentation is flank pain (57%) followed by palpable mass (43%). Only one patient presented with gross hematuria. Four patients underwent renal arteriography, which all disclosed irregular, tortuous vessel pattern with faint tumor stain. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy (one – hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy and six – open transperitoneal nephrectomy). Two patients developed lung metastases after radical surgery. Six patients received multimodal therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The mean disease-free survival is 81 months. The 3- and 5-year survival rates are 83% and 71% separately.

Conclusions:
Selective renal arteriography could provide a valuable diagnostic hint in adult Wilms' tumor. Using multimodality therapy, improved prognosis could be achieved.
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, in 2018
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsien , Hung Tzu-Ling , Chen Hsiang-Cheng , Shih Jui-Hu , Chiao Yu-Ju , Lin Li-Ching , Hung Chih-Tsung 
Published: August 2021

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are the common adverse reactions ranging from mild self-limiting skin rash to the life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to describe the demographic characteristics of patients, different clinical patterns, and implicated drugs.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study by analyzing the database established for all ADRs reported from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.

Results:
A total of 126 cases of CADRs were reported in 2018. The mean age of patients was 59.06 ± 21.63 years, with a peaking at 60–79-year-old (31.7%) and followed by 40–59-year-old (25.4%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.03:1. The most common skin reaction pattern was maculopapular eruptions (59.5%), followed by angioedema (11.9%), phlebitis (6.3%), and urticaria (6.3%). Most of the CADRs were reported with antibacterials (66.7%), followed by anti-inflammatory products (11.9%), contrast media (4.8%), and antithrombotic agents (3.2%).

Conclusions:
We listed the patient characteristics, each pattern of CADRs, and their associated drugs. Such information could help health-care professionals to assess CADRs and evaluate suspected drugs timely and accurately.
Diagnostic Utility of Procalcitonin in Scrub Typhus
Authors: Chen Guan-Liang , Liu Wei-Ting , Yu Tsung-Ying , Lin Gen-Min , Dai Yang-Hong , Lai Shiue-Wei 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are two common and practical biomarkers for various diseases. However, their roles in scrub typhus (ST) have not been extensively investigated.

Aim:
In this study, we compared the effectiveness of PCT and CRP levels and the PCT/CRP ratio and evaluated their predictive performance in the diagnosis of ST.

Methods:
Patients with acute febrile illness and suspected ST infection treated at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. An indirect immunofluorescent assay was used to confirm the presence of ST. Documented information included initial clinical images and laboratory data including PCT or CRP. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with area under curve (AUC) identified the optimal PCT, CRP, and PCT/CRP ratio cutoff values for the diagnosis of ST.

Results:
Among 189 patients with acute febrile illness, 153 (89.9%) tested positive for ST. CRP and PCT level data were available in 168 (88.8%) and 42 (22.2%) patients, respectively. Thirty patients (15.9%) underwent both CRP and PCT tests. ST-positive samples contained significantly higher levels of PCT (P < 0.001) and CRP (P = 0.015) than those of the 36 non-ST samples. No difference was observed in the PCT/CRP ratio (P = 0.477). The optimal cutoff values were 0.27 ng/mL, 1.65 mg/dL and 0.036 for PCT and CRP levels and PCT/CRP ratio, respectively. PCT level showed the best diagnostic performance (sensitivity = 89.3%; specificity = 92.3%; AUC = 0.894; 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.753–0.925). Combining PCT and CRP levels based on the respective optimal cutoff points further improved the performance of ST diagnosis (AUC = 0.906, 95% CI = 0.894–0.923), with 89.5% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. PCT level was positively correlated with liver enzyme levels, and acute hepatitis could be identified with high specificity (100%) using a cutoff PCT threshold of 0.36 ng/mL.

Conclusion:
PCT is useful in ST diagnosis, and pending conformation in future studies may reflect hepatic dysfunction at initial presentation.
Influence of Heat Inputs on Weld Profiles and Mechanical Properties of Carbon and Stainless Steel
Authors: Osoba L.O. , Ayoola W.A. , Adegbuji Q.A. , Ajibade O.A. 
Published: August 2021

This study examines the effect of heat input on the weld bead profile, microstructure and mechanical properties of single V- joint welded carbon and stainless-steel plates. The as-received sample steel plates were sectioned into eight pieces; dimension 75 X 30 X 10 mm thicknesses. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of heat inputs 1250 and 2030 J/mm was used to produce full penetration bead on the plates. Although visual inspection indicated that some of the welds were macro defect free, austenitic stainless steel exhibited more weld distortions than the carbon steel and this was partially attributed to its lower carbon content and the width to depth aspect ratio of the weld profile aside the magnitude of the induced stress. For the carbon steel, as the heat input increased, the hardness value of both the heat affected zone and fusion zone increased. In contrast, for stainless steel, the hardness values were reasonably comparable within same weld region (HAZ or FZ) irrespective of heat input. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the stainless steel decreased as heat input increased while the ductility increased with an increase in heat input, in contrast to carbon steel, where both ductility and ultimate tensile strength generally decreased.
Experiência em Gerenciamento de Projetos de Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software – DDS
Authors: Souza Laurinex da Silva , Palheta Márcio 
Published: August 2021

O processo de desenvolvimento de software das empresas está cada vez mais distribuído, de diversas maneiras possíveis em diferentes localidades, em busca de menores riscos, maiores lucros, e vantagens competitivas, entre outros. Este trabalho relata experiência de Gerenciamento de Projeto de Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software - DDS, com o estudo de caso de um projeto Y da empresa X, organização de tecnologia da informação, outsourcing, vencendo os desafios de comunicação, coordenação, colaboração da equipe, e outros fatores que são agravados em um ambiente de DDS, relatando os resultados obtidos as lições aprendidas.

The process of software development companies are increasingly distributed in several possible ways in different locations in search of lower risk, higher profits, and competitive advantages, among others. This paper reports the experience of Project Managing Distributed Software Development - DDS, with the case study of a Y-design company X, organizing information technology, outsourcing, overcoming the challenges of communication, coordination, team collaboration, and other factors which are compounded in a DDS environment, reporting the results lessons learned.
Feitura de Santo, uma narrativa artística e foto-etnográfica de uma iniciação no candomblé
Authors: Fontes Larissa Yelena Carvalho , Samain Etienne 
Published: August 2021

Obra: Feitura de Santo: uma narrativa artística e foto-etnográfica de uma iniciação no candomblé Autora: Larissa Yelena Carvalho Fontes Comentário: O segredo e o sagrado Comentarista: Etienne Samain
Characterization of external load in different types of exercise in professional soccer
Authors: Gonçalves Lillian , Camões Miguel , Lima Ricardo , Bezerra Pedro , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo compare the duration of exercise and magnitude of external load per type of exercise (warm-up, small-sided games, position games – movements with/without ball but without the dynamics of a real game, simulations of real games – 11 vs. 11, fitness exercises, large-sided games, technical drills) during different training days in professional soccer players and test the relationships between duration of exercise and the external load.MethodsOverall, 22 professional soccer players (25.1 ± 2.9 years, 181.9 ± 6.3 cm, 73.1 ± 6.3 kg) were daily monitored by a microelectromechanical system. The training duration (minutes) and the external load measures of total distance covered and high-speed running distance were collected for each type of exercise.ResultsRepeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in training duration, total distance covered, and high-speed running distance between the exercises (p < 0.001). A greater total distance was covered in simulations of real games (2321 m/session), as well as high-speed running (84.6 m/session). The total distance covered in simulations of real games was greater by 77% than in small-sided games, while that in high-speed running in simulations of real games was greater by 153% than in large-sided games.ConclusionsThe study revealed that simulations of real games and position games were the exercises that occupied the most time in the sessions and that the simulations of real games were the greatest contributor to distance covered and distance covered at high-speed running.
Reaction forces and bone maturation in taekwondo: comparison with and without tatami
Authors: Rocha Fernando , Conceição Ana , Mata Carlos , Narciso Janine , M. Costa Aldo , Branco Marco , Louro Hugo 
Published: August 2021

Purpose.Exercise performed improperly, in disagreement with age and development, may trigger negative bioactive effects. Adolescent taekwondo athletes, being able to practise on tatami or without tatami and barefoot, may be submitted to musculoskeletal structure disorders. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and amplitude of the reactive forces during taekwondo practice with and without tatami.Methods.Overall, 27 adolescent taekwondo athletes aged 10–15 years were submitted to a standard 90-minute training session with and without tatami. During each session, the frequency of ground contacts and the vertical ground reaction forces were measured. Femur and wrist bone age and the respective stages of the epiphyseal plate were computed from radiograph images. A total of 6346.6 ± 425.5 ground contacts (an average of 106 contacts per minute) were registered during the training session. The Wilcoxon test was applied to analyse the relationship between taekwondo and epiphyseal plate stage (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.005).Results.Student’s t-test revealed a significant difference between ground reaction forces with and without tatami; tasks performed without tatami featured smaller magnitudes for comparisons of absolute and normalized values (<i>t</i> = –3.359; <i>p</i> < 0.002 and<i> t</i> = –3.652; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). The time of practice showed no early closure of the femur epiphyseal plates caused by the practice of taekwondo.Conclusions.Practising taekwondo seems to have a bio-positive effect on the maturation of adolescent athletes, regardless of the use of tatami.