bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano-robotics: The future of health and dental care
Authors: A Mani Shubhangi , Sachdeva Shivani , Mani Amit , R Vora Hiral , S. Gholap Sonali , Kaur Sodhi Jasleen 
Published: April 2021

The future of medical health care is evolving day in and out. Researchers are focusing on facing the biggest challenges in the field by using smallest of the solutions. Nanotechnology uptil now have been seen only in science fiction stories and movies. An upcoming future is now promising us turn this fiction turn into reality.Nanorobotics is a field where microsocopic robots will be created to perform medical and dental procedures. Gaining access to robotics at nano level in the dental world, the aim will be to treat dental conditions rapidly and more efficiently, by causing minimum pain. Nanorobots to be made up of “smart” structure which will have the ability of inciting, sensing, signalling, processing information and perform the required treatment at nano scale. The emergence of nanorobtics in healthcare sector will change the face of medical sciences. The article aims to elucidate the current scenario of nano world in dentistry and how nanorobotics will fabricate a better future in treatment modalities in dentistry.
Public awareness, knowledge, attitude and acceptance of dental implants as a treatment modality among patients visiting dental college setups in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India: A pilot study
Authors: Mahajan Ajay , Singh Asi Kanwarjit , Mahajan Anjali , Ashadeep  , Bhatia Vindeshwari 
Published: April 2021

: Edentulism is one of the most commonly encountered condition affecting the oral cavity. Dental implants have emerged as a widely accepted prosthetic treatment option. However, lack of public awareness and cost of the treatment act as barriers which limit their applicability.A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in five dental colleges in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of participants regarding the importance of replacing missing teeth and dental implants.Epi-info software version 7.Majority of the patients were partially edentulous and believed that replacement of missing teeth is important but only half of participants had undergone treatment for the same. A large number of patients were aware about tooth replacement options but the awareness regarding dental implants was scarce. High cost and lack of information seem to be the major barriers in delivering dental implant treatment. Efforts are needed to educate and spread the awareness about implants among general population.
Effect of Regiosacralis Counterpressure Treatment on the Pain and Interleukin-6 Levels Among Primigravid Mothers During the First Stage Labor
Authors: Rejeki Sri , Hartiti Tri , Machmudah Machmudah , Solichan Ahmad , Samiasih Amin , Soesanto Edy , Yanto Arief 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDSevere pain experienced by mother during the labor can cause fear and anxiety which can interfere with the overall labor process. Controlling pain during the labor process is important. Regiosacralis counterpressure pain management without altering the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is expected to reduce the pain.OBJECTIVEThis study was aimed to investigate the effects of regiosacralis counterpressure on the pain and IL-6 levels during the first stage of labor among primigravid mothers.METHODA quasiexperiment method with pretest–posttest control group design was applied. Regiosacralis counter-pressure pain management was applied to all study participants who non-randomly recruited by consecutive sampling methods. A total of 52 primigravid mothers were selected and divided into both the intervention group (n = 26) and the control group (n = 26).RESULTThe statistical analysis of the intervention on the pain and IL-6 level revealed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest in the intervention group (p < .001; M pretest pain = 8.96 ± .528; M posttest pain = 6.96 ± .774; M pretest IL-6 = 175.539 ± 92.281; M posttest IL-6 = 170,764 ± 70,026).CONCLUSIONRegiosacralis counterpressure treatment is effective in controlling and reducing the pain level during the first stage labor.
A Methodological Review of Quality of Life Scales Used in Schizophrenia
Authors: Park Tanya , Hirani Saima 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeEvidence is lacking with regard to the most suitable instrument for measuring quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia. The researchers carried out a methodological review of literature pertaining to scales used to measure QOL in this population.MethodsTwenty-eight studies, assessing nine different QOL scales, were reviewed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.ResultsWhile the content of most scales proved valid, the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile (LQOLP), Self-Report Quality of Life Scale (SQOL), and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia (QLiS) outscored the other scales in almost every other domain measured by COSMIN.ConclusionLQOLP and SQOL stand out among QOL scales for patients with schizophrenia, but further evidence is required to verify this finding, and no one scale appears ideal for all patients with schizophrenia.
Psychometric Testing of the Czech Version of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients Questionnaire
Authors: Machálková Lenka , Reiterová Eva 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeThe quantitative study focuses on the psychometric properties of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients (REAP) tool for assessing dietary habits. The aim of the study was to validate REAP and its factor structure, reliability, and validity. REAP was used for the first in patients with hypertension.MethodsLanguage validation of REAP measurements into Czech language, test, retest, and pilot testing were performed. In addition, 420 patients were investigated, and exploratory confirmation factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha and Split-half coefficients were used.ResultsFive models with different number of items and identified factors were created. Reliability coefficients are satisfactory. The best results were achieved through the model created for a group of patients with hypertension. There were five factors extracted and described in words: Factor F1 was named “Meat consumption,” factor F2 “Inappropriate food and activities for with hypertension (WH) patients,” factor F3 “Consumption of dairy and fatty foods, “factor F4 “Consumption of sweet foods,” and factor F5 “Appropriate food and activities for WH patients.”ConclusionThe REAP questionnaire is a suitable tool for clinical practice use when assessing dietary habits in patients with hypertension.
Validation of the ICU Mobility Scale for Nursing Use: Portuguese Multicentric Observational Study
Authors: Mendes Roberto Miguel Gonçalves , Nunes Manuel Lourenço , Sousa Miguel Castelo-Branco Craveiro , Gonçalves Ricardo Bruno Rodrigues , Fernandes Pascoal Nogueira , Gomes Alexandre José Oliveira 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeMobilization of critical patients should be precocious and the inclusion of nursing in this task can be decisive in paradigm shift. The purpose of this study was to validate the Portuguese version of the intensive care unit Mobility Scale for nursing use.MethodsProspective multicenter observational study. Patients' mobility was evaluated by rehabilitation nurses in order to determine interobserver agreement. The validation criteria was tested by determining the correlation between the evaluation results of mobility, strength, and functionality levels at discharge.ResultsGood interobserver agreement (R = 0.98; K = 0.76). Positive correlation with muscle strength (R = 0.77) and functionality (R = 0.85) levels at discharge.ConclusionsBased on the correlations observed the scale is a valid instrument for nurses and could be a useful tool for routine use. More research is recommended to make the results more robust.
Validation of the Muscle Tightness Measurement Tool
Authors: Bhimani Rozina , Gaugler Joseph E. , Felts Jill , Mathiason Michelle A. 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeFor nurses, muscle tightness is an important aspect of patient care, but no bedside tool is available that allows them to measure it. Therefore, a standardized tool that measures muscle tightness is needed. The purpose of this study was to validate a tool to measure muscle tightness.MethodsUsing Delphi technique and quantitative design, the tool was validated in two phases. The phase 1 included 20 expert clinicians who established content validity with Lawshe's rating. In phase 2, divergent validity was established by administering the tool to one group that had muscle tightness (n = 26) and one group that did not (n = 20).ResultsFindings indicate that the muscle tightness measurement tool has content and divergent validity.ConclusionsFurther tool refinement with validity and reliability studies are recommended for clinical practice.
The Psychometric Properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory Hostility and Anxiety Subscales in a Prison Population
Authors: Vitori Tracey K. , Frazier Susan , Chung Misook L. , Mudd-Martin Gia , Moser Debra K. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) hostility and anxiety subscales in prison inmates.MethodsReliability and construct validity of the BSI hostility and anxiety subscales were examined using Cronbach's alphas, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing.ResultsOf the 373 male inmates, 63% were White with a mean age of 36 years. Cronbach's alphas for hostility and anxiety were 0.83 and 0.81, supporting internal consistency. Factor analysis demonstrated two dimensions, hostility and anxiety. Supporting construct validity, inmates with higher hostility as well as those with higher anxiety had a greater number of mentally unhealthy days and lower perceived control.ConclusionThe BSI hostility and anxiety subscales are reliable and valid for use in prison inmates.
Reliability and Validity Testing of the Quantified Quality of Interaction Scale (QuIS)
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Paudel Anju , McPherson Rachel , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Eshraghi Karen , Behrens Liza , Zhu Shijun , Breman Rachel Blankstein 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Quality of Interaction Survey (QuIS) using a quantification scoring approach.MethodsBaseline data from the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (EIT-4-BPSD) study was used.ResultsA total of 553 residents participated. There was evidence of inter-rater reliability with Kappa scores of .86 to 1.00 and internal consistency based on the Rasch analysis (item reliability of .98). There was some support for validity based on item fit and hypothesis testing as resistiveness to care was significantly associated with total QuIS scores.ConclusionThis study supports the use of the quantified QuIS to evaluate the quality of interactions over time and to test interventions to improve interactions.
The Psychometric Properties of the Perceived Stress Scale When Used to Measure Stress Levels of Finnish Nursing Undergraduate Students
Authors: Bhurtun Hanish Dev , Saaranen Terhi , Estola Matti 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeStress is an important issue in clinical nursing education because it may obstruct learning in clinical environments. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and investigate the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), an instrument for measuring stress.MethodsNursing students (N = 189) from five different universities of applied sciences participated in this study in 2018. The modified English version of the 29-item six-factor PSS was cross-culturally adapted into Finnish. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the scale's factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the “best fit” model.ResultsThe proposed 16-item four-factor model showed excellent internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.90.ConclusionsThe results support the use of the 16-item four-factor stress scale to investigate stress among Finnish nursing students.
Stratigraphic Scheme of Cambrian Deposits, South of the Cis-Yenisei Area of West Siberia
Authors: Kontorovich A.E. , Varlamov A.I. , Efimov A.S. , Kontorovich V.A. , Korovnikov I.V. , Krinin V.A. , Saraev S.V. , Sennikov N.V. , Filippov Yu.F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
––In this paper we present a stratigraphic scheme for the subdivision and correlation of the Cambrian deposits in the south of the cis-Yenisei area of West Siberia, which was adopted as a current scheme by the decision of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee in 2018. This scheme is based on the data from stratigraphic test wells (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-1, Vostok-3, Vostok-4, etс.). In the study area, two structure-facies zones were identified: Kas (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-4, and Eloguiskaya-1 wells), where sedimentary complexes accumulated in a salt subbasin, and Ket’ (Vostok-1 and Vostok-3 wells) with the deposition in an open sea basin. The boundary between these structure-facies zones is drawn along the inferred N–S-trending barrier reef zone. The rubrication in this paper is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Stratigraphic Code of Russia for explanatory notes for regional stratigraphic schemes. Local stratigraphic subdivisions (formations, strata) are described and compared with the adjacent Turukhansk–Irkutsk–Olekma facies region of the Siberian Platform.
Genetic effects on longitudinal cognitive decline during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kumar Atul , Shoai Maryam , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Hardy John , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may depend on genetic variability.Methods: In the Swedish BioFINDER study, we used polygenic scores (PGS) (for AD, intelligence and educational attainment) to predict longitudinal cognitive change (measured by MMSE) over a mean of 4.2 years. We included 260 b-amyloid (Ab) negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, 121 Ab-positive CU (preclinical AD), 50 Ab-negative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 127 Ab-positive MCI patients (prodromal AD). Results: The polygenic score (PGS) for intelligence (p = 2.9e-02, beta = 0.1) was protective in CU and MCI participants regardless of Ab status, while polygenic risk score for AD (p = 8.2e-03, beta = -0.12) was correlated with rate of cognitive impairment and was partially mediated by Ab-pathology (mediation effect 20 %). There was no influence of education PGS, implying that educational achievement and rate of cognitive impairment are unrelated.Conclusions: Genetic variants associated with intelligence mitigate cognitive decline independent of Ab-pathology, but the effects of genetic variants associated with AD are partly mediated by Ab-pathology.
Evaluation of an Oral Sodium Bicarbonate Protocol for High-Dose Methotrexate Urine Alkalinization
Authors: Heisler Rachel , Kelly Jordan , Abdi Sara Abedinzadegan , Hawker Jennifer , Fong Leanne , Quon Janet , Rioux Josee , Jupp Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Intravenous (IV) sodium bicarbonate is considered standard therapy for high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) urine alkalinization. Due to a national IV sodium bicarbonate shortage, an oral (PO) sodium bicarbonate protocol was implemented by Alberta Health Services (AHS) for HDMTX urine alkalinization. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the PO sodium bicarbonate protocol compared to IV sodium bicarbonate for HDMTX urine alkalinization. Methods: A retrospective chart review of adult patients who received HDMTX (>500 mg/m2) with sodium bicarbonate for urine alkalinization at 4 hospitals in Alberta was conducted. Patients who received IV sodium bicarbonate between January-June 2017 and PO sodium bicarbonate between July-December 2017 were compared for the primary outcome of time to methotrexate clearance. Results: A total of 84 and 78 HDMTX cycles were included in the IV and PO cohorts, respectively. No difference in time to methotrexate clearance was seen between the IV and PO cohorts, 91.6 (± 35.4) hours and 95.2 (± 44) hours respectively; p=0.5. The proportion of HDMTX cycles that experienced a >25% increase in serum creatinine was not statistically significant, IV protocol 12% and PO protocol 5%; p=0.13. Nausea and emesis occurred more frequently in the PO cohort than the IV cohort, though rarely resulted in refused doses or change to alternate sodium bicarbonate formulations.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the AHS PO sodium bicarbonate protocol was no different in time to methotrexate clearance or rates of increased serum creatinine when compared to IV sodium bicarbonate.
Genetic variation in lowland and mountain populations of Tofieldia calyculata&nbsp;and their ability to survive within low levels of genetic diversity
Authors: Vlasta Tomáš , Műnzbergová Zuzana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Loss of genetic diversity is expected to be a common reason for decline of populations of many rare species. To what extent this is true for populations at the range periphery remains to be explored. Alpine species with peripheral lowland populations are ideal but poorly known model system to address this issue. We investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations of Tofieldia calyculata, species common in central European mountains but highly endangered in lowlands using 17 microsatellite loci. We showed that lowland populations have lower genetic diversity than mountain populations and they are not clearly differentiated from mountain populations. Species probably survived the last glaciation in refugia in margins of Alps and western Carpathians. Some lowland populations are probably relict as well and contain unique genetic information. Their low genetic diversity is likely the result the of reduction of population sizes, gene flow during the Holocene and selfing. However postglacial colonization is also a case of some lowland populations. Based on data from herbarium specimens from extinct lowland populations, we demonstrated that lowland populations had low genetic diversity also in the past and main part of the genetic diversity was lost due to extinction of whole populations. Within population genetic diversity has not changed since the last century suggesting that these populations are able to survive with low levels of genetic diversity under suitable habitat conditions. This idea is also supported by finding of large viable recent populations with very low genetic diversity. We conclude that lowland populations are unique and deserve adequate conservation.
Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Ambulatory Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chen Fengjiao , Leng Yamei , Ni Jingyao , Niu Ting , Zhang Li , Li Jiping , Zheng Yuhuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the symptom clusters and associated clinical factors in ambulatory multiple myeloma patients undergoing medication therapy. We also aim to determine the correlations between symptom clusters and the patients’ quality of life. Methods: A total of 174 multiple myeloma patients hospitalized in the hematology day unit were included in this study. A cross-sectional survey aimed to examine the symptoms and quality of life was conducted. The symptoms were assessed by the Chinese version of Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. The quality of life was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. Principal component analysis was used to identify symptom clusters. Independent-Samples t test and Chi-square test were used for comparisons between groups. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Analysis was used to identify correlations.Results: We identified three symptom clusters in multiple myeloma patients: psychological, pain-dry mouth-difficulty sleep, and fatigue symptom cluster. For each symptom cluster, the patients could be categorized in severe-symptom group or mild-symptom group based on the distress of the symptoms. The patients in each group exhibited differential demographic and clinical features. The distress of each symptom cluster was adversely correlated with patients’ quality of life.Conclusions: The ambulatory multiple myeloma patients undergoing medication therapy experience multiple symptoms, which can be categorized into three symptom clusters. The distress of each symptom cluster was associated with patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. The presence and distress of these symptom clusters have adverse impact on patient’s quality of life.
Construction of a microenvironment immune gene model for predicting the prognosis of endometrial cancer
Authors: Wang Yichen , Zhang Jingkai , Zhou Yijun , Li Zhiguang , Lv Dekang , Liu Quentin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Infiltrating immune and stromal cells are important components of the endometrial cancer (EC) microenvironment, which has a significant effect on the biological behavior of EC, suggesting that unique immune-related genes may be associated with the prognosis of EC. However, the association of immune-related genes with the prognosis of EC has not been elucidated. We attempted to identify immune-related genes with potentially prognostic value in EC using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the relationship between immune microenvironment and EC.Methods: We analyzed 578 EC samples from TCGA database and used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to screen out immune-related genes. We constructed a protein–protein interaction network and analyzed it using STRING and Cytoscape. Results: Using conjoint Cox regression and random forest algorithm, we found that TRBC2, TRAC, LPXN, and ARHGAP30 were associated with the prognosis of EC and constructed four gene risk models for overall survival and a consistent nomogram. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve for 1-, 3-, and 5-y overall survival was 0.687, 0.699, and 0.76, respectively. These results were validated using a validation cohort. Immune-related pathways were mostly enriched in the low-risk group, which had higher levels of immune infiltration and immune status. Conclusion: Our study provides new insights for novel biomarkers and immunotherapy targets in EC.
A Hybrid Improved Zhou and Wornell’s Inspired Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme for Securing Big Data Computation in Cloud Environment
Authors: R Nithiavathy , K Vanitha , A Manimaran , P Ilampiray , P Alaguvathana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The process of performing smart computations in the big data and cloud computing environment is considered to be highly essential in spite of its complexity and cost. The method of Fully Homomorphic encryption is considered to be the effective approach that provides the option of working with the encrypted form of sensitive data in order to preserve high confidentiality that concentrates on deriving benefits from cloud computing capabilities. In this paper, a Hybrid Improved Zhou and Wornell’s inspired Fully Homomorphic Encryption (HIZWFHE) Scheme is proposed for securing big data computation, when they are outsourced to cloud service. This HIZWFHE scheme is potent in encrypting integer vectors that permit the computation of big data represented in the contextual polynomial form in the encrypted form with a bounded degree of limits. This HIZWFHE scheme is determined to be highly applicable and suitable and applicable in cloud big data computation in which the learning process of low dimensional representations is of high concern.