bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Consequences of School Dropout in the Kadey Division of Batouri; East Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndjouma Wedjou Maurice 
Published: July 2021

The agenda for sustainable development 2030 has been established and approved by the general assembly of the United Nations in 2015. This agenda includes 17 goals adopted by several countries to promote the development of local communities by tackling and reducing the consequences of school dropout. The continent of Africa through the agenda 2063 endorses different aspirations that have to be met by the year 2063 to minimize the consequences of school dropout, which would lead to a peaceful and protected Africa. The Cameroon Vision 2035 also defined a practical vision of long-term development in the country of Cameroon founded on the eradication of the consequences of school dropout. However, school dropout remains a reality worldwide and generates several consequences which drastically impact the lives of people. It is on this evidence that this research work aimed at exploring the consequences of school dropout in the Kadey Division, East Region of Cameroon. This study refers to the qualitative research method using the subjectivism ontology and the inductive approach. The epistemology is interpretivism and the axiology is value-bias. The research also employs interviews as the sampling strategy, and 20 respondents gathered in 4 focus groups representing the educational stakeholders of the Kadey Division have volunteered to participate in these interviews. Data were analyzed through the various coding of the grounded theory including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The social, education, and economic consequences of school dropout were identified as well. Parents and educators must acknowledge that school failure has this particularity that it penalizes a child for the rest of his life. Any student who stops his studies before having completed his secondary school or vocational training has fewer opportunities to grow within the society. This study recommends that the community stakeholders in the Kadey Division, East region of Cameroon must work collaboratively on minimizing the consequences of school dropout to contribute to the sustainable development of this locality
Developers’ Data Protection in the Open-Source Application with the Copyleft License
Authors: Serfiyani Citi Rahmati , Yustisia Serfiyani Cita , Hariyani Iswi , Tharifah Arsari Devina 
Published: July 2021

Copyright protection of digital products in an open-source system has led to the emergence of copyleft against copyright. Copyleft licenses in open-source serve to impose limits on creations to protect creators' moral rights. At the same time, personal data protection is one part of personal rights amidst the advent of information technology. The development of copyleft products and licenses that usually take place online can potentially lead to violations that harm application developers’ personal data. This paper aimed to characterize copyleft as an antithesis of copyright and analyze legal protection on the open-source application developers' personal data. Using legal research, this paper showed that open-source licenses could consist of two categories. First, non-copyleft licenses in the form of permissive licenses, included in the software under it and are subject to copyright. Second, the copyleft license, which required licenses to modify and distribute copyleft products. This open-source license adopted a form of a standard contract and personal data protection in copyleft products through open-source sites were using a preventive and repressive way. This paper recommended a copyleft-based legal protection mechanism and creators' data by considering the comparative aspects of the copyleft and copyright concepts' characteristics to respect moral rights.
KEYWORDS: Personal Data Protection, Indonesia’s Copyright Law, Copyleft License.
Ascertainment of Patient Suicides by Veterans Affairs Facilities and Associations With Veteran, Clinical, and Suicide Characteristics
Authors: Palframan Kristen M. , Szymanski Benjamin R. , McCarthy John F. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives. To evaluate the sensitivity of health care facility documentation of suicide deaths among US veterans with recent Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care and assess variation in identification by veteran, clinical, and suicide death characteristics.Methods. Cross-sectional analyses included 11 148 veterans who died by suicide in 2013 to 2017, per National Death Index death certificate information, with VHA encounters in the year of death or the previous year. Facility suicide ascertainment was assessed per site reports in the VHA Suicide Prevention Applications Network. Bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed ascertainment by decedent demographic, clinical, utilization, and method of suicide characteristics.Results. Site reports identified 3667 suicide decedents (32.9%). Veteran suicide decedents identified by facilities were more likely to be younger and with clinical risk factors and more recent VHA encounters. Suicide deaths involving poisoning were less likely to be identified than deaths involving other methods.Conclusions. VHA facility ascertainment of suicide deaths among recent patients was neither comprehensive nor representative. Findings will inform efforts to enhance facility suicide surveillance and veteran suicide prevention.
The Evolutionary Equilibrium of Block Withholding Attack
Authors: Cheng Yukun , Xu Zhiqi , Yao Shuangliang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bitcoin is the most famous and the most used cryptocurrency in the world, such that it has received extreme popularity in recent years. However the Bitcoin system is accompanied by different attacks, including the block withholding (BWH) attack. When a miner plays the BWH attack, it will withhold all the blocks newly discovered in the attack pool, damaging the honest miners’ right to obtain the fair reward. In this paper, we consider a setting in which two miners may honestly mine or perform the BWH attack in a mining pool. Different strategy profiles will bring different payoffs, in addition influence the selection of the strategies. Therefore, we establish an evolutionary game model to study the behavior tendency of the miners and the evolutionary stable strategies under different conditions, by formulating the replicator dynamic equations. Through numerical simulations, we further verify the theoretical results on evolutionary stable solutions and discuss the impact of the factors on miners’ strategic choice. Based on these simulation results, we also make some recommendations for the manager and the miners to mitigate the BWH attack and to promote the cooperation between miners in a mining pool.
Blockchain Technology Investment and Sharing Strategy of Port Supply Chain Under Competitive Environment
Authors: Liu Jiaguo , Zhang Huimin , Zhao Huida 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Blockchain technology plays a very positive role in promoting the development of the port supply chain. Although there are some practical examples of blockchain in the port supply chain (eg. Trade Len or Cargo Smart), there are few application scenarios. Therefore, blockchain technology has yet to be widely used in the port industry. This may be related to the construction of blockchain. This paper analyzes the impact of blockchain technology on the port supply chain and the technology sharing on the shipping market. It is found that the investment of blockchain technology in a competitive environment has different characteristics. When the efficiency of technology investment and the proportion of market expansion reach a certain combination, there are two different equilibrium strategy choices: Only technology investment or technology sharing. Based on the above research results, this paper further investigates the results of the comprehensive influence of different factors such as competition intensity and market expansion proportion.
On Collapse of Quantum State on Measurement
Authors: Chowdhury Basudev Nag , Chattopadhyay Sanatan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the context of the century-long debate on quantum measurement problem, the current work proposes a model that describes the process of collapse of state by quantum interaction, which resolves the controversies of the framework of quantum mechanics and describes the entire domain of quantum-to-classical world including the weak measurement and partial collapse. ‘Measurement’, being the process of physically interacting with a system in order to extracting information from it, is theorized in the current model by synthesizing the quantum interaction between system and measuring apparatus with the information entropy of such process. The model assumes Schrödinger equation to be the only guiding equation for all physical systems including the measuring apparatus, and does not presuppose ‘superposition principle’, rather derives it theoretically from the formulation. The superposed state is shown to be independent of the choice of measurement operator (observable) or basis states (pointers) of the measuring apparatus. Most interestingly, the current model explains the non-observance of ‘superposition principle’ by classical systems as the classical limit of such quantum description of measurement. Along with solving the quantum measurement problem, the work also explains weak measurement and partial collapse, which can be further extended to investigate such several emerging critical phenomena.
Evaluation of skin-surface interleukin 1&nbsp;α, interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, CXCL-1/2 and&nbsp;β-defensin-1 as non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Orro Kadri , Salk Kristiina , Abram Kristi , Arshavskaja Jelena , Meikas Anne , Karelson Maire , Neuman Toomas , Kingo Külli , Spee Pieter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There is a need for non-invasive diagnostic tools that can objectively measure psoriasis activity and that can be used to monitor therapeutic effects of psoriasis treatment. This study aimed to determine whether non-invasive measurements of proteins from psoriasis lesional skin can be used to assess disease severity and to measure treatment efficacy. Results: Using FibroTx TAP technology for protein-measurements directly from the surface of skin, clear differences in levels of IL-1a, IL-1RA and CXCL-1/2 were found between psoriasis lesional skin and non-lesional skin. No clear correlations were found between FibroTx TAP measurements and PASI scoring, with the exception of a mild correlation between CXCL-1/2 and scaling. Similarly, no clear correlations were found between FibroTx TAP measurements and ultrasound measurements of skin, with the exception of a weak correlation between IL-1RA and SLEB thickness. Monitoring IL-1RA and CXCL-1/2 on skin lesions undergoing narrow-band UVB phototherapy clearly reflected normalisation of skin. Conclusions: Skin-surface measurements of IL-1RA and CXCL-1/2 have potential for assessing severity of psoriasis and for monitoring treatment efficacy. Measurements of IL-1RA and CXCL-1/2 displayed a disease profile distinct from PASI or sonography, thus confirming that measuring the ‘molecular root’ of inflammation has value for scoring disease severity in its own right.
Catalyst H-ZSM 5 in Amines addition on Carbonyl Compounds α, β-unsaturated catalyzed by H-ZSM 5
Authors: ELMELIANI M'HAMMED , FATIHA DJAFRI , AYADA Djafri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Zeolites are crystallized aluminum silicates. Their structure consists of an arrangement of TO4 tetrahedral (T = Si, Al ...), creating a regular nonporous system made up of channels with a diameter of less than 1 nm and cages (the channel intersections). These materials were discovered by the mineralogist in 1756. These porous materials are used in the paper industry, in jewelry, and in other fields. Certain applications require pure materials with specific properties, hence the need to develop their synthesis. Zeolites are obtained hydrothermally at temperatures below 200°C. The dimensions of the pores are of the order of a nanometer, close to the dimensions of certain organic molecules which make these zeolitic materials find applications in various fields, separation by molecular sieving, purification by adsorption, cation exchange and catalysis. Result We are successful in the reaction of addition the series of amines to unsaturated alkenes, catalyzed by zeolite H-ZSM-5, the results show good products obtained with excellent yields, in short time, pure products can be obtained after filtering the catalyst and then removing the excess amines, the catalyst is recoverable, reactivated and reused several times for other addition reactions, the products were defined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Conclusion According to the results obtained. It can be said that the addition of various aliphatic or aromatic amines reacted successfully with alkenes, in the presence of the catalyst H-ZSM-5, to give the corresponding adducts with excellent yields in time and in perfect conditions, solvent-free and room temperature, so our H-ZSM-5 catalyst is effective, can meet our goal of adding amines to unsaturated carbonyl components.
GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling of Key Differential Metabolites Between Superior and Inferior Spikelets of Rice During the Grain Filling Stage
Authors: Min Xiumei , Xu Hailong , Huang Fenglian , Wei Yidong , Lin Wenxiong , Zhang Zhixing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:The asynchronous filling between superior spikelets (SS) and inferior spikelets (IS) in rice has become a research hotspot. The stagnant development and poor grain filling of IS limit yields and the formation of good quality rice. A large number of studies on this phenomenon have been carried out from the genome, transcriptome and proteome level, indicating that asynchronous filling of SS and IS filling is a complex, but orderly physiological and biochemical process involving changes of a large number of genes, protein expression and modification. However, the analysis of metabolomics differences between SS and IS is rarely reported currently.Results:This study utilized untargeted metabolomics and identified 162 metabolites in rice spikelets. Among them, 17 differential metabolites associated with unsynchronized grain filling between superior spikelets (SS) and IS, 27 metabolites were related to the stagnant development of IS and 35 metabolites related to the lower maximum grain-filling rate of IS compared with the SS. We found that soluble sugars were an important metabolite during grain filling for SS and IS. Absolute quantification was used to further analyze the dynamic changes of 4 types of soluble sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, and trehalose) between SS and IS. The results showed that sucrose and trehalose were closely associated with the dynamic characteristics of grain filling between SS and IS. The application of exogenous sugar showed that trehalose functioned as a key sugar signal during grain filling. Trehalose regulated the expression of genes related to sucrose conversion and starch synthesis, thereby promoting the conversion of sucrose to starch. The difference in the spatiotemporal expression of TPS-2 and TPP-1 between SS and IS was an important reason that led to the difference in trehalose contents between SS and IS.Conclusions:The results from this study are helpful for understanding the difference in grain filling between SS and IS at the metabolite level. In addition, the present results can also provide a theoretical basis for the next step of using metabolites to regulate the filling of IS.
The Vision Related Quality of Life and Anxiety-Depression Levels of Age-Related Macular Degeneration During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ersan Ismail , Akinci Erhan , Turgut Burak , Cate Sercan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate anxiety, depression status, and vision related quality of life (QoL) in patient with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Seventy-one voluntary patients with AMD and demografic variables matched 36 healthy controls were compared in this study. All the subjects were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-A and HAD-D) and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25). Results: There were no statistically significant difference in HADS-A and HADS-D between the AMD group and controls (p<0.05) When the patients with AMD were assigned to two distinct groups according to binocular visual acuity, proportion of patients above the HADS cut-off points for anxiety did not differ between the groups (p=0.208) and 55.6 % of patients above the HADS cut-off points of depression in low vision AMD group were significantly differ from other groups (p=0,022). The statistically significant lower means of NEI-VFQ-25 parameters except general health and ocular pain were observed in AMD patients compared with controls (p<0.05).Conclusions: The AMD patients had lower vision related QoL scores during COVID-19 pandemic and it is recommended psychiatric counseling opportunities is needed for AMD patients having low binocular visual acuity.
The Effects of Perceived Social Support, Psychological Resilience and Coping Strategies on Life Satisfaction in Men Diagnosed with Testicular Cancer
Authors: Temircan Zekeriya , Demirtaş Türev 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers among young men. The patients diagnosed with testicular cancer may experience psychological disturbances during its diagnosis and treatment process. The present study was examined the effects of perceived social support, psychological resilience and coping strategies on life satisfaction in men diagnosed with testicular cancer. This cross-sectional data was obtained from the participants through different scales. The statistical analysis was included descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression model for the variables. A total of 174 patients, mean 36, range=20-60 years, were included in the study. Results showed that the variables of HADS depression, HADS anxiety, perceived social support, psychological resilience and coping strategies included in the multiple logistic regression analysis explained the change in life satisfaction variance by 42% (R2 =6.351; R2 =0.423) determined by p <0.005. The statistical significance was found for HADS depression score (t=-0.31; p=0.000), HADS anxiety (t=-1.07, p=0.002) and psychological resilience (t=-0.23, p=0.001) in terms of life satisfaction levels of patients treated with testicular cancer. There was no statistical significance found among other variables and life satisfaction levels of patients (p>0.005). Testicular cancer, which is common among men, causes negative consequences on the life of individuals. Social support of the patients both during the diagnosis period and during the treatment, it causes changes in life satisfaction and psychological resilience. Therefore, psychological problems such as a decrease in the coping strategies of the patients, depression or anxiety are beginning to be observed.
First Description of Reproductive Behavior and Alternative Reproductive Strategy in the Deep-sea Fish, Careproctus pellucidus.
Authors: Mori Toshiaki , Fukuda Kazuya , Ohtsuka Syouko , Yamauchi Shinya , Yoshinaga Tatsuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reproductive biology of deep-sea fishes is largely unknown because of the difficulty of behavioral observations in this environment. In this study, the reproductive behavior of the deep-sea snailfish, Careproctus pellucidus, which lives at depths > 200 m, was observed in an aquarium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to observe and describe the reproductive behavior of deep-sea fish under free-living conditions. Fishes were collected at a depth of approximately 300 m (36°70′ N; 141°00′ E) on July and August 2018 and kept for observation until March 2019. We observed that almost all spawnings took place between one male and one female. Males defended a spawning substrate against other males and exhibited body-wiggling behavior for both courtship and aggressive display. Females visited the male’s territory and spawned a demersal adhesive egg mass on the substrate. The territorial male then sought the spawned eggs using filamentous rays in the lower pectoral-fin lobe and released sperm when he located the eggs. Males remained near the spawning substrate after spawning but did not perform any parental care. Notably, sneaking behavior by a non-territorial male was observed in one case; this is the first report of this alternative reproductive strategy (or tactic) in a deep-sea fish. Our study reveals the unique reproductive biology of the deep-sea fish, C. pellucidus, which does not depend on visual information and uses other sensory modalities.
Analysis of Expression and Bioinformatics of Trehalose-6-phosphate Phosphatases (TPP) Gene Family in Wheat Indicates a Role in Plant Development and Stress Response
Authors: Du Linying , Li Shumin , Ding Li , Cheng Xinxiu , Kang Zhensheng , Mao Hude 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases genes (TPPs) are involved in the development and stress response of plants by regulating the biosynthesis of trehalose, though little is currently known about TPPs in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Results: In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the TPP gene family in common wheat, and identified a total of 31 TPP genes. These were subdivided into six subfamilies based on the phylogenetic relationships and the conservation of protein in six monocot and eudicot plants. The majority of TPP genes were represented by 2-3 wheat homoalleles (named TaTPPX_ZA, TaTPPX_ZB, or TaTPPX_ZD), where Z is the location on the wheat chromosome of the gene number (X). We also analyzed the chromosomal location, exon-intron structure, orthologous genes, and protein motifs of the TaTPPs. The RNA-seq data was used to perform an expression analysis, which found 26 TaTPP genes to be differentially expressed based on spatial and temporal characteristics, indicating they have varied functions in the growth and development of wheat. Additionally, we assessed how the promoter regulatory elements were organized and used qRT-PCR in the leaves to observe how they were expressed following ABA, salt, low tempreture, and drought stress treatments. All of these genes exhibited differential expression against one or more stress treatments. Furthermore, overexpressing TaTPP11 in Arabidopsis results delayed plant development and enhanced drought tolerance, but not affect seed morphology. Conclusions: TaTPPs could serve important roles in the development and stress response in wheat. These results provide a basis for subsequent research into the function of TaTPPs.
The first family of application-specific integrated circuits for programmable metasurfaces
Authors: Petrou Loukas , Kossifos Kypros , Antoniades Marco , Georgiou Julius 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reconfigurable metasurfaces are man-made surfaces, which consist of sub-wavelength periodic elements - meta-atoms - that can be reconfigured to manipulate incoming electromagnetic waves. However, reconfigurable metasurfaces developed to-date, have limitations in terms of impedance range, reconfiguration delay and power consumption. Also, these systems are costly and they require bulky electronics and complex control circuits, which makes them unattractive for commercial use. Here, we report the first family of CMOS application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that enable microsecond and microwatt reconfiguration of complex impedances at microwave frequencies. Our approach utilizes asynchronous digital control circuitry, with networking capabilities, allowing simple and fast reconfiguration via digital devices and user-friendly software. Our solution is low-cost and can cover arbitrary metasurfaces, with different sizes and shapes.