bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freeform Volumetric Fabrication Using Actuated Robotic Hot Wire Cutter
Authors: Loh Paul , Hou Yuhan , Tse Chun Tung , Mo Jiaqi , Leggett David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the design, fabrication and operational workflow of a novel hot-wire cutter used as an end effector for a robotic arm. Typically, hot wire cutters used a linear cutting element which results in ruled surfaces geometry. While several researchers have examined the use of hot wire cutter with cooperative robotic arms to create non-ruled surface geometry, this research explores the use of an actuated hot wire cutter manoeuver by a single robotic arm to produce similar form. The paper outlines the machine making process and its workflow resulting in a 1:1 scale prototype. The paper concludes by examining how the novel tool can be applied to an urban stage design. The research set up a fabrication procedure that has the potential to be deployed as an on-site fabrication methodology.
G
4 flux, algebraic cycles and complex structure moduli stabilization
Authors: Braun A. P. , Valandro R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We construct G4 fluxes that stabilize all of the 426 complex structure moduli of the sextic Calabi-Yau fourfold at the Fermat point. Studying flux stabilization usually requires solving Picard-Fuchs equations, which becomes unfeasible for models with many moduli. Here, we instead start by considering a specific point in the complex structure moduli space, and look for a flux that fixes us there. We show how to construct such fluxes by using algebraic cycles and analyze flat directions. This is discussed in detail for the sextic Calabi-Yau fourfold at the Fermat point, and we observe that there appears to be tension between M2-tadpole cancellation and the requirement of stabilizing all moduli. Finally, we apply our results to show that even though symmetric fluxes allow to automatically solve several F-term equations, they typically lead to flat directions.
Severe skin toxicity during whole-brain radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and additional drug intake including St. John’s wort skin oil
Authors: Eichkorn Tanja , Schunn Fabian , Regnery Sebastian , Shafie Rami El , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Adeberg Sebastian , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Jürgen , König Laila 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often requires a multimodal treatment including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy. In addition to this, many patients take supportive drugs. Since only scarce data on possible interactions between radiotherapy and pharmaceutical or herbal drugs exist, description of clinical cases is of special interest.

Case report
A patient with stage IV NSCLC was treated with docetaxel/ramucirumab followed by radiotherapy for brain and bone metastases while taking several other over-the-counter drugs (OTCs) including topical St. John’s wort skin oil.

Results
A 63-year-old female patient with stage IV NSCLC presented with 11 asymptomatic brain metastases and a painful osteolytic bone metastasis in the 12th thoracic vertebral body (T12). Four weeks before the start of palliative whole-brain radiotherapy and bone irradiation of T12, she was administered a combination of docetaxel and ramucirumab. At an administered dose of 24 Gy, the patient presented with severe folliculitis capitis, while skin examination over the thoracolumbar spine was unremarkable although skin dose was similar. After thorough questioning, the patient reported using a herbal skin oil that contained St. John’s wort for scalp care only, but not for skin care of her back during radiotherapy. After stopping the topical application of the skin oil, folliculitis improved with a course of systemic and topical antibiotics within 10 days, though the healing process was prolonged and included desquamation and hyperpigmentation.

Conclusion
St. John’s wort seems to be a significant radiosensitizer for photon radiotherapy and can cause severe skin toxicity even though the literature lacks data on this interaction. As an OTC, it is easily accessible and often used by oncological patients due to antidepressant and local antimicrobial and pain-relieving effects.
The posterior fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex: a forgotten ligament
Authors: De Leeuw Peter A. J. , Vega Jordi , Karlsson Jon , Dalmau-Pastor Miki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the present anatomical study was to define the exact morphology of the posterior fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex (PFTCLC), both for a better orientation and understanding of the anatomy, especially during hindfoot endoscopy.MethodsTwenty-three fresh frozen specimens were dissected in order to clarify the morphology of the PFTCLC.ResultsIn all specimens, the ligament originated from the posteromedial border of the lateral malleolus between the posterior tibiofibular ligament (superior border) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), (inferior border). This origin functions as the floor for the peroneal tendon sheath. The origin of the PFTCLC can be subdivided into two parts, a superior and inferior part. The superior part forms an aponeurosis with the superior peroneal retinaculum and the lateral septum of the Achilles tendon. From this structure, two independent laminae can be identified. The inferior part of the origin has no role in the aponeurosis and ligamentous fibres run obliquely to insert in the lateral surface of the calcaneus, in the same orientation as the CFL, but slightly more posterior, which was a consistent finding in all examined specimens. The PFTCLC is maximally tensed with ankle dorsiflexion and is located within the fascia of the deep posterior compartment of the leg.ConclusionsThe PFTCLC is part of the normal anatomy of the hindfoot and therefore should be routinely recognized and partly released to achieve access to the posterior ankle anatomical pathology, relevant for hindfoot endoscopy. The origin of the ligament complex forms the floor for the peroneal tendon sheath. The superior part of the origin plays a role in the formation of an aponeurosis with the superior peroneal retinaculum and the lateral septum of the Achilles tendon.
Natural convection heat transfer performance of additively manufactured tube bundle heat exchangers with novel fin design
Authors: Unger Sebastian , Beyer Matthias , Pietruske Heiko , Szalinski Lutz , Hampel Uwe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe studied the heat transfer of finned heat exchanger configurations with a novel design. These novel fin designs use integrated pins to enhance the heat conduction from the fin base to the fin tip as well as the air-side heat transfer on the fin surface. Oval tubes with conventional circular plain fins (CPF) as well as novel circular integrated pin fins (CIPF) and serrated integrated pin fins (SIPF) were additively generated by a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process and installed at the bottom of a 6.5 m long chimney. All heat exchanger designs were tested in a 2-row and 3-row configuration with Rayleigh numbers between 25,000 and 120,000. We found the average Nusselt number of SIPF to be higher and the Nusselt number of the CIPF to be lower than for the CPF. Moreover, the 2-row configuration achieved a higher Nusselt number compared to the 3-row configuration for all heat exchanger designs. The analysis of the individual tube rows showed the highest Nusselt numbers at the first tube row and the lowest one at the last tube row for both configurations. However, for the SIPF the difference between the first and second tube row is smaller compared to the CPF and CIPF. In order to evaluate the compactness of the heat exchanger, the volumetric heat flux density was considered. Similar to Nusselt number the volumetric heat flux density enhanced for the SIPF and reduced for the CIPF compared to the conventional design. Also the 2-row configuration reached greater thermal performance compared to the 3-row configuration. Additionally, the volume and the surface area of the heat exchanger are 6.9% and 30.7% lower for the SIPF compared to the CPF. The experimental data were used to develop an empirical heat transfer correlation between Nusselt number, Rayleigh number, fin design and tube row number.
Optimal Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code
Authors: Yarus Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Standard Genetic Code (SGC) exists in every known organism on Earth. SGC evolution via early unique codon assignment, then later wobble, yields coding resembling the near-universal code. Below, later wobble is shown to also create an optimal route to accurate codon assignment. Time of optimal codon assignment matches the previously defined mean time for ordered coding, exhibiting ≥ 90% of SGC order. Accurate evolution is also accessible, sufficiently frequent to appear in populations of 103 to 104 codes. SGC-like coding capacity, code order, and accurate assignments therefore arise together, in one attainable evolutionary intermediate. Examples, which plausibly resemble coding at evolutionary domain separation, are characterized.
The R4U Planes for the Zonal Demarcation for Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Jain Gaurav 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPost‐cholecystectomy bile duct injury is a serious complication. Usually, it results from structural misidentification and can be avoided by adopting the critical view of safety. The biliary, vascular, and other visceral injuries can also occur during the dissection to achieve the critical view of safety. To avoid such complication, identification of the safe area for dissection is important during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is imperative to start the dissection in a safe area and remain there during the procedure. Fixed anatomical landmarks can help in proper orientation to ascertain the surgical anatomy correctly during surgery. The Rouviere's sulcus is one of such anatomical landmarks. Utilizing this sulcus, we describe a technique of zonal demarcation based on the concept of one line (the R4U line), two planes (the R4U planes), and four zones to identify a “safe area” for dissection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to perform the procedure safely.
Metal exposure of workers during recycling of electronic waste: a cross-sectional study in sheltered workshops in Germany
Authors: Gerding Johannes , Peters Claudia , Wegscheider Wolfgang , Stranzinger Johanna , Lessmann Frederik , Pitzke Katrin , Harth Volker , Eickmann Udo , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
In Germany, the initial step of electronic waste (e-waste) recycling frequently takes place in sheltered workshops for physically and mentally handicapped workers (Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM), in german language). E-waste recycling involves a potential risk of exposure to toxic metals. Therefore, we assessed the occupational exposure of recycling workers to toxic metals to identify potential health risks and insufficient protective measures.

Methods
We used a combined air- and bio-monitoring approach to determine exposure of recycling workers to toxic metals. Air and urine samples were collected in five sheltered workshops in Germany and were analysed for their content of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, mercury and nickel. Results were compared to German and international occupational limit values and to metal exposures of workers in conventional e-waste recycling firms.

Results
Exposure of recycling workers in five German sheltered workshops to the studied metals and their compounds was below German and international occupational limit values across all facilities studied considering both air and urine samples. Workers in the present study were not exposed to higher amounts of toxic metals than workers in conventional e-waste recycling firms.

Conclusion
This is the first study on toxic metal exposure of recycling workers in sheltered workshops. The results of this study revealed a low occupational exposure of e-waste recycling workers to toxic metals in this type of enterprises. Current work methods and safety measures provide the workers with adequate protection.
Selective attention to stimulus representations in perception and memory: commonalities and differences
Authors: Kizilirmak Jasmin M. , Glim Sarah , Darna Margarita , Khader Patrick H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt has been proposed that the deployment of selective attention to perceptual and memory representations might be governed by similar cognitive processes and neural resources. However, evidence for this simple and appealing proposal remains inconclusive, which might be due to a considerable divergence in tasks and cognitive demands when comparing attentional selection in memory versus perception. To examine whether selection in both domains share common attentional processes and only differ in the stimuli they act upon (external vs. internal), we compared behavioral costs or benefits between selection domains. In both domains, participants had to attend a target stimulus from a set of simultaneously presented stimuli or simultaneously active memory representations, respectively, with set, target, or both, being repeated or changed across trials. The results of two experiments delineated principal similarities and differences of selection processes in both domains: While positive priming from stimulus repetition was found in both selection domains, we found no consistent effects of negative priming when shifting the focus of attention to a previously to-be-ignored stimulus. However, priming in the perception task was mainly due to repetitions of the target feature (here: color), whereas for the memory task, repetition of the same set of stimulus representations was most important. We propose that the differences can be attributed to a reduced cognitive effort when the now relevant memory representation had already been pre-activated (even as a distractor) in the previous trial. Additionally, our experiments both underscore the importance of taking stimulus–response associations into account, which may be a hidden factor behind differences between domains. We conclude that any attempt of comparing internal versus external attentional selection has to consider inherent differences in selection dynamics across representational domains.
Hygroscopic contributions to bark water storage and controls exerted by internal bark structure over water vapor absorption
Authors: Ilek Anna , Siegert Courtney M. , Wade Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKey messageHygroscopicity is a crucial element of bark water storage and can reach >60% of water holding capacity of bark depending on tree speciesAbstractBark forms the outer layer of woody plants, and it is directly exposed to wetting during rainfall and reacts to changes in relative humidity, i.e., it may exchange water with the atmosphere through absorption and desorption of water vapor. A current paradigm of bark hydrology suggests that the maximum water storage of bark empties between precipitation events and is principally controlled by bark thickness and roughness. We hypothesize that (1) the ability of bark to absorb water vapor during non-rainfall periods (i.e., hygroscopicity) leads to partial saturation of bark tissues during dry periods that may alter the rate of bark saturation during rainfall, and (2) the degree of bark saturation through hygroscopic water is a function of internal bark structure, including porosity and density, that varies among species. To address these questions, we conducted laboratory experiments to measure interspecific differences in bark physical structure as it relates to water storage mechanisms among common tree species (hickory (Caryaspp.), oak (Quercusspp.), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)) in the southeastern United States. Furthermore, we considered how these properties changed across total bark, outer bark, and inner bark. We found a distinct difference between hickory and oak, whereby hickory had 5.6% lower specific density, 31.1% higher bulk density, and 22.4% lower total porosity of outer bark resulting in higher hygroscopicity compared to oaks. For all species, hygroscopicity increased linearly with bulk density (R2 = 0.65–0.81) and decreased linearly with total porosity (R2 = 0.64–0.88). Overall, bark hygroscopicity may constitute an average of 30% of total bark water storage capacity. Therefore, in humid climates like those of the southeastern USA, the proportion of bark that remains saturated during non-storm conditions should not be considered negligible.
Global existence and convergence of a flow to Kazdan–Warner equation with non-negative prescribed function
Authors: Sun Linlin , Zhu Jingyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider an evolution problem associated to the Kazdan–Warner equation on a closed Riemann surface $$(\Sigma ,g)$$

(
Σ
,
g
)

$$\begin{aligned} -\Delta _{g}u=8\pi \left( \dfrac{he^{u}}{\int _{\Sigma }he^{u}\mathop {}\mathrm {d}\mu _{g}}-\dfrac{1}{\int _{\Sigma }\mathop {}\mathrm {d}\mu _{g}}\right) \end{aligned}$$

-

Δ
g

u
=
8
π

h

e
u

∫
Σ

h

e
u

d

μ
g

-

1

∫
Σ

d

μ
g

where the prescribed function $$h\ge 0$$

h
≥
0

and $$\max _{\Sigma }h>0$$

max
Σ

h
>
0

. We prove the global existence and convergence under additional assumptions such as $$\begin{aligned} \Delta _{g}\ln h(p_0)+8\pi -2K(p_0)>0 \end{aligned}$$

Δ
g

ln
h

(

p
0

)

+
8
π
-
2
K

(

p
0

)

>
0

for any maximum point $$p_0$$

p
0

of the sum of $$2\ln h$$

2
ln
h

and the regular part of the Green function, where K is the Gaussian curvature of $$\Sigma $$
Σ
. In particular, this gives a new proof of the existence result by Yang and Zhu (Pro Am Math Soc 145:3953–3959, 2017) which generalizes existence result of Ding et al. (Asian J Math 1:230–248, 1997) to the non-negative prescribed function case.
Multiobjective dynamic programming in bipolar multistage method
Authors: Trzaskalik Tadeusz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe multicriteria Bipolar method can be extended and used to control multicriteria, multistage decision processes. In this extension, at each stage of the given multistage process two sets of reference points are determined, constituting a reference system for the evaluation of stage alternatives. Multistage alternatives, which are compositions of stage alternatives, are assigned to one of six predefined hierarchical classes and then ranked. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of finding the best multistage alternative, using Bellman’s optimality principle and optimality equations. Of particular importance is a theorem on the non-dominance of the best multistage alternative, proven here. The methodology proposed allows to avoid reviewing each multistage alternative, which is important in large-size problems. The method is illustrated by a numerical example and a brief description of the sustainable regional development problem. The problem can be solved by means of the proposed procedure.
New method of FACS analyzing and sorting of intact whole ovarian fragments (COPAS) after long time (24 h) cooling to 5 °C before cryopreservation
Authors: Wang Wanxue , Salama Mahmoud , Todorov Plamen , Spitkovsky Dimirtry , Isachenko Evgenia , Bongaarts Rico , Rahimi Gohar , Mallmann Peter , Sukhikh Gennady , Isachenko Vladimir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs recently announced by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), human ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an established option for fertility preservation in prepubertal girls and young women undergoing gonadotoxic treatments for cancer as well as some autoimmune diseases. Proper ovarian tissue assessment before and after cryopreservation is essential to increase success rates. Ovarian fragments from 16 patients were divided into small pieces in form of cortex with medulla, and randomly divided into the following two groups. Pieces of Group 1 (n = 16) were frozen immediately after operation, thawed and just after thawing their quality was analyzed. Group 2 pieces (n = 16) after operation were cooled to 5 °C for 24 h, then frozen after 24 h pre-cooling to 5 °C, thawed and just after thawing their quality was analyzed. The effectiveness of the pre-freezing cooling of tissue was evaluated by the development and viability of follicles (Calcein-AM and Propidium Iodide) using complex object parametric analyzer and sorter machine (COPAS). Positive effect of cooling of cells to low supra-zero temperatures on their future development after re-warming has been observed. New flow cytometry- technique is suitable for the evaluation and sorting of cryopreserved whole human whole intact ovarian fragments. Long time (24 h) cooling of ovarian tissue to 5 °C before cryopreservation has a trend of a cell viability increasing.
Genetic predisposition to prostate cancer: an update
Authors: Ni Raghallaigh Holly , Eeles Rosalind 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImprovements in DNA sequencing technology and discoveries made by large scale genome-wide association studies have led to enormous insight into the role of genetic variation in prostate cancer risk. High-risk prostate cancer risk predisposition genes exist in addition to common germline variants conferring low-moderate risk, which together account for over a third of familial prostate cancer risk. Identifying men with additional risk factors such as genetic variants or a positive family history is of clinical importance, as men with such risk factors have a higher incidence of prostate cancer with some evidence to suggest diagnosis at a younger age and poorer outcomes. The medical community remains in disagreement on the benefits of a population prostate cancer screening programme reliant on PSA testing. A reduction in mortality has been demonstrated in many studies, but at the cost of significant amounts of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Developing targeted screening strategies for high-risk men is currently the subject of investigation in a number of prospective studies. At present, approximately 38% of the familial risk of PrCa can be explained based on published SNPs, with men in the top 1% of the risk profile having a 5.71-fold increase in risk of developing cancer compared with controls. With approximately 170 prostate cancer susceptibility loci now identified in European populations, there is scope to explore the clinical utility of genetic testing and genetic-risk scores in prostate cancer screening and risk stratification, with such data in non-European populations eagerly awaited. This review will focus on both the rare and common germline genetic variation involved in hereditary and familial prostate cancer, and discuss ongoing research in exploring the role of targeted screening in this high-risk group of men.