bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning curve of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: an analysis of the proficiency of 538 cases from a single centre
Authors: Li Wen-Hao , Cheng Hua , Gan Xiang-Feng , Li Xiao-Jian , Wang Xiao-Jin , Wu Xiang-Wen , Zhong Hong-Cheng , Wu Tian-Chi , Huo Wen-Wen , Ju Shao-Long , Lv Liang-Zhan , Cao Qing-Dong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UniVATS) is widely used as a minimally invasive thoracic operation. The goal of our study was to analyse the effect of long-term experience with the UniVATS lobectomy on the learning curve.

METHODS
The learning curves were quantitatively evaluated by the unadjusted cumulative sum, and they were segmented using joinpoint linear regression analysis. The variables were compared between subgroups using trend analysis, and linear regression analysis was applied to correlate clinical characteristics at different stages of the learning curve with the duration of the operation.

RESULTS
The learning curve for the UniVATS lobectomy can be divided into 3 phases of proficiency at ∼200–300 procedures, with a fourth phase as the number of procedures increases. The 1st–52nd, 52nd–156th, 156th–244th and 244th–538th procedures comprised the preliminary learning stage, preliminary proficiency stage, proficiency stage and advanced proficiency stage, respectively. Surgical outcomes and their variability between stages improved with increasing case numbers, with the most significant addition of an auxiliary operating port and conversions. In multivariable analysis, as stages progressed, influences other than surgical experience increased the operative time, with male and extensive pleural adhesions in the preliminary proficiency stage; male and incomplete pulmonary fissures in the proficiency stage; and male, extensive pleural adhesions and incomplete pulmonary fissures in the advanced proficiency stage.

CONCLUSIONS
As the number of procedures increases, there may be 4 different proficiency stages in the UniVATS lobectomy learning curve. The surgeon enters the fourth stage at approximately the 244th procedure. Moreover, at stage 4, the perioperative indicators tend to stabilize, and influences other than surgical experience become more significant.
From Voluntary Repatriation to Voluntary Re-Establishment: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(4) of the Refugee Convention
Authors: Pearson Esther 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With refugees repatriating in increasing numbers to countries of origin affected by protracted conflict, article 1C(4) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, providing for the cessation of refugee status where a refugee becomes ‘voluntarily re-established’ in his or her country of origin, is of key relevance. This article considers the application of article 1C(4) to the repatriation of refugees to countries of origin affected by protracted conflict, particularly from countries of asylum struggling with an influx of refugees. It does so in the context of the ongoing return of refugees to Syria from Lebanon and Jordan. The article analyses the interpretation of the elements of ‘voluntariness’ and ‘re-establishment’, and, on the basis of this analysis, argues that the cessation of rights and protections afforded to registered refugees in Lebanon and Jordan does not satisfy these elements. It recommends that action be taken by government and humanitarian authorities in Lebanon and Jordan to guarantee the ‘voluntariness’ of return and resettlement, and observes that durable re-establishment is unlikely to be realized by many Syrian returnees in the short term. The article also measures procedures used in the Syrian context against procedural guidance on the invocation of article 1C(4), and strongly recommends that procedures based on fairness and natural justice be implemented and complied with.
Rapid evolution of a Morgagni hernia with herniation of the left hepatic lobe: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Phillips Jacquelyn , Brigode William M , Svahn Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Morgagni hernias are a rare form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, commonly found on cross-sectional imaging. Repair is generally performed electively for pulmonary or gastrointestinal symptoms. Our case presented acutely with gastric obstruction. Two months prior she had a small bowel obstruction and underwent computed tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy, lysis of adhesions and takedown of the falciform ligament, where a ‘groove’ to the left of the falciform was noted, but not repaired. We collected the presentation, technique, complications and results of 12 prior cases. A trans-abdominal, robotic-assisted tissue repair of the diaphragm with mesh reinforcement utilizing as few as three ports appears to be safe and effective. The robotic platform offers additional degrees of freedom, making retrosternal operating more ergonomic to the surgeon. The rapid progression of our patient suggests that repair at the time of discovery should be considered so that the serious complications can be avoided.
SkyMapper colours of Seyfert galaxies and changing-look AGN – II. Newly discovered changing-look AGN
Authors: Hon Wei Jeat , Wolf Christian , Onken Christopher A , Webster Rachel , Auchettl Katie 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGN) are AGN that change type as their broad emission lines appear or disappear, which is usually accompanied by strong flux changes in their blue featureless continuum. We search for turn-on CLAGN by selecting type-2 AGN from the spectroscopic Six-degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), whose colours, observed ∼15 yr later by the SkyMapper Southern Survey, are suggestive of type-1 AGN. Starting from 1092 type-2 AGN, we select 20 candidates for follow-up and confirm that 14 of them have changed into type-1 and are thus turn-on CLAGN; further observations reveal 11 more turn-on CLAGN. While our search was not tailored to efficiently discover turn-off CLAGN, we discover two such cases as well. The result suggests a turn-on CLAGN rate of over 3 per cent over ∼15 yr and imply a total CLAGN rate of more than ∼6 per cent over this period. Finally, we present observations of AGN that are atypical for the CLAGN phenomenology, including J1109146 – a type-1 that did not appear as an AGN at all in 6dFGS; J1406507 – the second reported changing-look narrow-line Seyfert 1; and J1340153 – a CLAGN with a change time-scale of 3 months.
Synchronous X-ray/optical quasi-periodic oscillations from the black hole LMXB MAXI J1820+070
Authors: Thomas Jessymol K , Buckley David A H , Charles Philip A , Paice John A , Potter Stephen B , Steiner James F , Lasota Jean-Pierre , Gandhi P , Tao Lian , Ma Xiang , Yang Yi-Jung , Tuo Youli , Zhang Shuang-Nan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present high-speed optical photometry from SAAO and SALT on the black hole LMXB MAXI J1820+070  (ASSASN-18ey), some of it simultaneous with NICER, Swift, and Insight-HXMT X-ray coverage. We detect optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) that move to higher frequencies as the outburst progresses, tracking both the frequency and evolution of similar X-ray QPOs previously reported. Correlated X-ray/optical data reveal a complex pattern of lags, including an anticorrelation and a sub-second lag that evolve over the first few weeks of outburst. They also show correlated components separated by a lag equal to the QPO period roughly centered on zero lag, implying that the inter-band variability is strongly and consistently affected by these QPOs at a constant phase lag of roughly ±π. The synchronization of X-ray and optical QPOs indicates that they must be produced in regions physically very close to each other; we, thus, propose that they can be explained by a precessing jet model, based on analogies with V404 Cyg and MAXI J1348−630.
ATRX loss promotes immunosuppressive mechanisms in IDH1 mutant glioma
Authors: Hu Chengchen , Wang Kimberly , Damon Ceylan , Fu Yi , Ma Tengjiao , Kratz Lisa , Lal Bachchu , Ying Mingyao , Xia Shuli , Cahill Daniel P , Jackson Christopher M , Lim Michael , Laterra John , Li Yunqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
ATRX inactivation occurs with IDH1R132H and p53 mutations in over 80% of Grades II/III astrocytomas. It is believed that ATRX loss contributes to oncogenesis by dysregulating epigenetic and telomere mechanisms but effects on anti-glioma immunity have not been explored. This paper examines how ATRX loss contributes to the malignant and immunosuppressive phenotypes of IDH1R132H/p53mut glioma cells and xenografts.

Methods
Isogenic astrocytoma cells (+/−IDH1R132H/+/−ATRXloss) were established in p53mut astrocytoma cell lines using lentivirus encoding doxycycline-inducible IDH1R132H, ATRX shRNA, or Lenti-CRISPR/Cas9 ATRX. Effects of IDH1R132H+/−ATRXloss on cell migration, growth, DNA repair, and tumorigenicity were evaluated by clonal growth, transwell and scratch assays, MTT, immunofluorence and immunoblotting assays, and xenograft growth. Effects on the expression and function of modulators of the immune microenvironment were quantified by qRT-PCR, immunoblot, T-cell function, macrophage polarization, and flow cytometry assays. Pharmacologic inhibitors were used to examine epigenetic drivers of the immunosuppressive transcriptome of IDH1R132H/p53mut/ATRXloss cells.

Results
Adding ATRX loss to the IDH1R132H/p53mut background promoted astrocytoma cell aggressiveness, induced expression of BET proteins BRD3/4 and an immune-suppressive transcriptome consisting of up-regulated immune checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1, PD-L2) and altered cytokine/chemokine profiles (e.g., IL33, CXCL8, CSF2, IL6, CXCL9). ATRX loss enhanced the capacity of IDH1R132H/p53mut cells to induce T-cell apoptosis, tumorigenic/anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and Treg infiltration. The transcriptional and biological immune-suppressive responses to ATRX loss were enhanced by temozolomide and radiation and abrogated by pharmacologic BET inhibition.

Conclusions
ATRX loss activates a BRD-dependent immune-suppressive transcriptome and immune escape mechanism in IDH1R132H/p53mut astrocytoma cells.
Radiomics for the noninvasive prediction of the BRAF mutation status in patients with melanoma brain metastases
Authors: Meißner Anna-Katharina , Gutsche Robin , Galldiks Norbert , Kocher Martin , Jünger Stephanie T , Eich Marie-Lisa , Montesinos-Rongen Manuel , Brunn Anna , Deckert Martina , Wendl Christina , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Goldbrunner Roland , Ruge Maximilian I , Mauch Cornelia , Schmidt Nils-Ole , Proescholdt Martin , Grau Stefan , Lohmann Philipp 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The BRAF V600E mutation is present in approximately 50% of patients with melanoma brain metastases and an important prerequisite for response to targeted therapies, particularly BRAF inhibitors. As heterogeneity in terms of BRAF mutation status may occur in melanoma patients, a wild-type extracranial primary tumor does not necessarily rule out a targetable mutation in brain metastases using BRAF inhibitors. We evaluated the potential of MRI radiomics for a noninvasive prediction of the intracranial BRAF mutation status.

Methods
Fifty-nine patients with melanoma brain metastases from two university brain tumor centers (group 1, 45 patients; group 2, 14 patients) underwent tumor resection with subsequent genetic analysis of the intracranial BRAF mutation status. Preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI was manually segmented and analyzed. Group 1 was used for model training and validation, group 2 for model testing. After radiomics feature extraction, a test-retest analysis was performed to identify robust features prior to feature selection. Finally, the best performing radiomics model was applied to the test data. Diagnostic performances were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.

Results
Twenty-two of 45 patients (49%) in group 1, and 8 of 14 patients (57%) in group 2 had an intracranial BRAF V600E mutation. A linear support vector machine classifier using a six-parameter radiomics signature yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.92 (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 88%) in the test data.

Conclusions
The developed radiomics classifier allows a noninvasive prediction of the intracranial BRAF V600E mutation status in patients with melanoma brain metastases with high diagnostic performance.
Exploring the Pharmacokinetics of Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin-V) in Adults: A Healthy Volunteer Study
Authors: Rawson Timothy M , Wilson Richard C , Moore Luke S P , Macgowan Alasdair P , Lovering Andrew M , Bayliss Mark , Kyriakides Mathew , Gilchrist Mark , Roberts Jason A , Hope William W , Holmes Alison H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This healthy volunteer study aimed to explore phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin-V) pharmacokinetics (PK) to support the planning of large dosing studies in adults. Volunteers were dosed with penicillin-V at steady state. Total and unbound penicillin-V serum concentrations were determined, and a base population PK model was fitted to the data.
If Not Now, When? Nonserotype Pneumococcal Protein Vaccines
Authors: McDaniel Larry S , Swiatlo Edwin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The sudden emergence and global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have greatly accelerated the adoption of novel vaccine strategies, which otherwise would have likely languished for years. In this light, vaccines for certain other pathogens could certainly benefit from reconsideration. One such pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), an encapsulated bacterium that can express &gt;100 antigenically distinct serotypes. Current pneumococcal vaccines are based exclusively on capsular polysaccharide—either purified alone or conjugated to protein. Since the introduction of conjugate vaccines, the valence of pneumococcal vaccines has steadily increased, as has the associated complexity and cost of production. There are many pneumococcal proteins invariantly expressed across all serotypes, which have been shown to induce robust immune responses in animal models. These proteins could be readily produced using recombinant DNA technology or by mRNA technology currently used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A door may be opening to new opportunities in affordable and broadly protective vaccines.
Clarithromycin–Rifampin-Based Treatment for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Immunocompromised Patients who Require Concomitant CYP-Metabolized Medications
Authors: Gonzalez-Bocco Isabel H , Aleissa Muneerah M , Zhou Eric , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Koo Sophia , Cheng Matthew P , Marty Francisco M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clarithromycin (CYP inhibitor) can be used instead of azithromycin for nontuberculous mycobacteria therapy in patients requiring CYP substrates to mitigate rifampin’s CYP induction. We found no differences in adverse events (10/13 vs 14/17; P = .73), drug intolerability (1/5 vs 4/11; P = 1), or 90-day mortality (0/13 vs 1/17; P = 1) in patients receiving clarithromycin vs azithromycin.
Distribution of Aspergillus Species and Prevalence of Azole Resistance in Respiratory Samples From Swiss Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Ragozzino Silvio , Goldenberger Daniel , Wright Patrick R , Zimmerli Stefan , Mühlethaler Konrad , Neofytos Dionysios , Riat Arnaud , Boggian Katia , Nolte Oliver , Conen Anna , Fankhauser Hans , Schreiber Peter W , Zbinden Reinhard , Lamoth Frederic , Khanna Nina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among 400 Aspergillus species from respiratory samples in Switzerland, Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent species. Non-fumigatus Aspergillus spp were more prevalent among solid organ transplant recipients and after azole exposure. Azole resistance was detected in 4 A fumigatus isolates, 3 of them with the “environmental” mutation TR34/L98H in the cyp51A gene.
Switzerland, Borneo and the Dutch Indies: Towards a New Imperial History of Europe, c.1770–1850
Authors: Schär Bernhard C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When Switzerland was created in 1848, one of its founding fathers went by the name of ‘Borneo Louis’. Before becoming a Swiss state builder, he had served as a mercenary in the Dutch East Indies. There he had founded a family with his native ‘housekeeper’, Silla. In Switzerland, he continued to benefit from Silla’s exploited labour.
Stories such as these seem unusual today, not for historical but for historiographical reasons. Borneo Louis was only one of c.70,000 mercenaries from all over Europe in Dutch imperial services. Silla was one of the countless ‘native concubines’ who were forced to support these men and thereby help the Dutch build their nineteenth-century empire in South East Asia. Other empires, too, depended on auxiliary services from Europeans hailing from regions with intra-European or short-lived empires, or none at all. Recent new imperial histories, however, have remained conceptually limited to the study of interconnections within national empires (mostly the British Empire). Pan-European dimensions of colonial histories have continued to lie outside their focus. Explaining how Switzerland became part of the Dutch imperial project, this article therefore calls for a renewed new imperial history: a history that explains how Europe emerged out of continuous connections across the boundaries of national empires.
The two clock proteins CCA1 and LHY activate VIN3 transcription during vernalization through the vernalization-responsive cis-element
Authors: Kyung Jinseul , Jeon Myeongjune , Jeong Goowon , Shin Yourae , Seo Eunjoo , Yu Jihyeon , Kim Hoyeun , Park Chung-Mo , Hwang Daehee , Lee Ilha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vernalization, a long-term cold-mediated acquisition of flowering competence, is critically regulated by VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 (VIN3), a gene induced by vernalization in Arabidopsis. Although the function of VIN3 has been extensively studied, how VIN3 expression itself is upregulated by long-term cold is not well understood. In this study, we identified a vernalization-responsive cis-element in the VIN3 promoter, VREVIN3, composed of a G-box and an evening element (EE). Mutations in either the G-box or the EE prevented VIN3 expression from being fully induced upon vernalization, leading to defects in the vernalization response. We determined that the core clock proteins CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE-ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) associate with the EE of VREVIN3, both in vitro and in vivo. In a cca1 lhy double mutant background harboring a functional FRIGIDA allele, long-term cold-mediated VIN3 induction and acceleration of flowering were impaired, especially under mild cold conditions such as at 12°C. During prolonged cold exposure, oscillations of CCA1/LHY transcripts were altered, while CCA1 abundance increased at dusk, coinciding with the diurnal peak of VIN3 transcripts. We propose that modulation of the clock proteins CCA1 and LHY participates in the systems involved in sensing long-term cold for the activation of VIN3 transcription.
ENB1 encodes a cellulose synthase 5 that directs synthesis of cell wall ingrowths in maize basal endosperm transfer cells
Authors: Wang Qun , Wang Mingmin , Chen Jian , Qi Weiwei , Lai Jinsheng , Ma Zeyang , Song Rentao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Development of the endosperm is strikingly different in monocots and dicots: it often manifests as a persistent tissue in the former and transient tissue in the latter. Little is known about the controlling mechanisms responsible for these different outcomes. Here we characterized a maize (Zea mays) mutant, endosperm breakdown1 (enb1), in which the typically persistent endosperm (PE) was drastically degraded during kernel development. ENB1 encodes a cellulose synthase 5 that is predominantly expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) of endosperm cells. Loss of ENB1 function caused a drastic reduction in formation of flange cell wall ingrowths (ingrowths) in BETL cells. Defective ingrowths impair nutrient uptake, leading to premature utilization of endosperm starch to nourish the embryo. Similarly, developing wild-type kernels cultured in vitro with a low level of sucrose manifested early endosperm breakdown. ENB1 expression is induced by sucrose via the BETL-specific Myb-Related Protein1 transcription factor. Overexpression of ENB1 enhanced development of flange ingrowths, facilitating sucrose transport into BETL cells and increasing kernel weight. The results demonstrated that ENB1 enhances sucrose supply to the endosperm and contributes to a PE in the kernel.
Investigation of the Effect of Human Milk Expression Techniques on Milk Content: A Systematic Review
Authors: Çınar Nursan , Karakaya Suzan Özge , Kaya Özge , Karataş Hülya , Duken Mehmet Emin 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
If the mother and infant cannot meet after birth, it is recommended to express milk and give it to the infant. There was evidence indicating that there might be decrease in essential nutrient values in human milk content depending on the expression technique in literature. The goal of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of human milk expression techniques on the macronutrient milk content and establish an evidence base for future studies.

Methods
Studies investigating the effect of human milk expression techniques on milk content were reviewed without year limitations. A literature review was conducted in six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Cochrane) until 30 May 2021, using the keywords of breast milk expression techniques, milk content and breast milk pumping.

Results
From 258 articles initially screened, we included 6 articles in the systematic review. The fat, protein and lactose content of human milk was analyzed in the studies reviewed. It was concluded that there was no significant effect on the protein (9.7–9.8 g/dl and 2.1–2.1 g/dl, respectively) and lactose (6.50–6.53% and 6.1–6.1 g/dl, respectively) content of milk. However, the fat (58.30, 48.81g/l; 2.6–2.2 g/dl) content was affected.

Conclusions
This study investigated the effect of milk expression techniques on the macronutrient content of human milk, and it was concluded that there was no significant effect on the protein and carbohydrate content of milk. However, the fat content was affected. Limitation of this study is that some factors that might affect the content of human milk were not standardized sufficiently in the included studies.