bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Organic Optoelectronic Devices: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Gao Can , Wong Wallace W. H. , Qin Zhengsheng , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductor materials have been widely used in various optoelectronic devices due to their rich optical and/or electrical properties, which are highly related to their excited states. Therefore, how to manage and utilize the excited states in organic semiconductors is essential for the realization of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion is a unique process of converting two non‐emissive triplet excitons to one singlet exciton with higher energy. Efficient optical‐to‐electrical devices can be realized by harvesting sub‐bandgap photons through TTA‐based upconversion. In electrical‐to‐optical devices, triplets generated after the combination of electrons and holes also can be efficiently utilized via TTA, which resulted in a high internal conversion efficiency of 62.5%. Currently, many interesting explorations and significant advances have been demonstrated in these fields. In this review, a comprehensive summary of these intriguing advances on developing efficient TTA upconversion materials and their application in optoelectronic devices is systematically given along with some discussions. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives of TTA upconversion systems for further improvement for optoelectronic devices and other related research directions are provided. This review hopes to provide valuable guidelines for future related research and advancement in organic optoelectronics.
Enhanced Sub‐Terahertz Microscopy based on Broadband Airy Beam
Authors: Zhang Dajun , Liu Ji , Yao Jin , Zhang Zhengping , Chen Beng , Lin Zhansong , Cao Juncheng , Wang Xiong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐diffraction electromagnetic beams such as Airy beams attract wide exploration in various disciplines owing to its fascinating features and great potential of applications. Although generation and applications of Airy beams are actively studied in the optical regime, applications of Airy beams in the THz or sub‐THz domain are rarely explored. This work proposes a new microscopic technique leveraging a sub‐THz broadband non‐diffraction Airy beam as the illumination beam to improve the image quality, which is named as enhanced sub‐THz microscopy (ESTM). The effectiveness of the ESTM is validated by a metallic sample, which shows that applying broadband measured information can render a better image quality than only using single‐frequency information. By blocking the sample using a scattering obstacle, it is demonstrated that the self‐reconstruction property of the Airy beam can efficiently suppress the distortion induced by the obstacle and good images can still be obtained. In addition, it is shown that the image quality applying a broadband Airy beam is superior to that of non‐diffraction quasi‐Bessel beams and other conventionally used illumination beams for microscopic technique.
On‐site non‐destructive determination of the remanent magnetization of archaeological finds using field magnetometers
Authors: Wunderlich Tina , Kahn Raphael , Nowaczyk Norbert R. , Pickartz Natalie , Schulte‐Kortnack Detlef , Hofmann Robert , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe determination of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of archaeological features can be used for magnetic modelling, joining of shards, archaeomagnetic dating or the investigation of the firing–cooling–collapsing order of ancient buildings. The measurement of NRM is normally conducted on cylindrical or cubic samples in the laboratory. Nevertheless, archaeological finds should preferably not be destroyed, and laboratory instruments are high in costs. Therefore, we propose a lightweight and portable measurement set‐up including already available field magnetometers (preferably caesium magnetometers) in which the archaeological sample of arbitrary shape, in our case a piece of daub, is mounted inside a gimbal to be rotated in all directions. The magnetic field of the sample is measured at a large number of rotational positions with the magnetometer kept at fixed position. In these measurements, the unknown direction of the NRM vector of the sample is rotated, whereas the average magnetic susceptibility of the sample and the ambient magnetic field are constant and known. Hence, the vector of NRM can be determined through least‐squares inversion. For the inversion computation, the sample volume is discretized either as voxel model or approximated as an equivalent sphere. Under certain conditions depending on sample–sensor distance, dipole moment and radius of the sample, the approximation by a sphere is valid without effect on the accuracy of results. Empirically determined functions quantifying these conditions for different sensor sensitivities and noise levels are provided. Validation with laboratory measurements on palaeomagnetic subsamples from the destroyed daub samples indicate that the NRM can be determined by our proposed method with a maximum error in inclination of 2°, in declination of 20° and in magnetization of ±0.6 A/m. This is accurate enough, for example, to determine from daub pieces of burnt house remains whether the building was burnt and cooled before or after it collapsed.
Association of radiation dose intensity with overall survival in patients with distant metastases
Authors: Kao Johnny , Farrugia Mark K. , Frontario Samantha , Zucker Amanda , Copel Emily , Loscalzo John , Sangal Ashish , Darakchiev Boramir , Singh Anurag , Missios Symeon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with metastatic cancer referred to radiation oncology have diverse prognoses and there is significant interest in personalizing treatment. We hypothesized that patients selected for higher biologically equivalent doses have improved overall survival.MethodsThe study population consists of 355 consecutive adult patients with distant metastases treated by a single radiation oncologist from 2014 to 2018. The validated NEAT model was used to prospectively stratify patients into four distinct cohorts. Radiation dose intensity was standardized using the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) model with an α/β of 10. Radiation dose intensity on survival was assessed via Cox regression models and propensity score match pairing with Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThe median survival was 9.3 months and the median follow‐up for surviving patients was 18.3 months. The NEAT model cohorts indicated median survivals of 29.5, 11.8, 4.9, and 1.8 months. Patients receiving an EQD2 of ≥40 Gy had a median survival of 16.0 months versus 3.8 months for patients receiving an EQD2 of <40 Gy (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, performance status, primary tumor site, radiation dose intensity, albumin, liver metastases, and number of active tumors were all independent predictors of survival (p < 0.05 for all). Propensity score matching was performed for performance status, albumin, number of active tumors, primary tumor site, and liver metastasis, finding higher EQD2 to remain significantly associated with improved survival within the matched cohort (p = 0.004).ConclusionHigher radiation dose intensity was used in patients with better prognosis and was associated with improved survival for patients with metastatic disease.
Application of Deep Neural Network Models in Drug Discovery Programs
Authors: Grebner Christoph , Matter Hans , Kofink Daniel , Wenzel Jan , Schmidt Friedemann , Hessler Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn silico driven optimization of compound properties related to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety is a key requirement in modern drug discovery. Nowadays, large and harmonized datasets allow to implement deep neural networks (DNNs) as a framework for leveraging predictive models. Nevertheless, various available model architectures differ in their global applicability and performance in lead optimization projects, such as stability over time and interpretability of the results. Here, we describe and compare the value of established DNN‐based methods for the prediction of key ADME property trends and biological activity in an industrial drug discovery environment, represented by microsomal lability, CYP3A4 inhibition and factor Xa inhibition. Three architectures are exemplified, our earlier described multilayer perceptron approach (MLP), graph convolutional network‐based models (GCN) and a vector representation approach, Mol2Vec. From a statistical perspective, MLP and GCN were found to perform superior over Mol2Vec, when applied to external validation sets. Interestingly, GCN‐based predictions are most stable over a longer period in a time series validation study. Apart from those statistical observations, DNN prove of value to guide local SAR. To illustrate this important aspect in pharmaceutical research projects, we discuss challenging applications in medicinal chemistry towards a more realistic picture of artificial intelligence in drug discovery.
Targeting Extracellular Cyclophilin A via an Albumin‐Binding Cyclosporine A Analogue
Authors: Liu Si‐Yu , Zhang Qing‐Zhou , Hu Min‐Qiang , Li Feng‐Xia , Fu Jia‐Miao , Zhu Zhen‐Dong , Li Qin‐Kai , Yang Zhen , Quan Jun‐Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn albumin‐binding CsA analogue 4MCsA was achieved by attachment of a thiol‐reactive maleimide group at the side‐chain of P4 position of CsA derivative. 4MCsA was semi‐synthesized from CsA, and the cell‐impermeability of albumin‐4MCsA was detected by mass spectrometry and a competitive flow cytometry. 4MCsA exhibits inhibition of chemotaxis activity and inflammation by targeting extracellular CypA without immunosuppressive effect and cellular toxicity. These combined results suggested that 4MCsA can be restricted extracellularly through covalently binding to Cys34 of albumin with its maleimide group, and regulate the functions of cyclophilin A extracellularly.
Effective extraction method for triple errors in foreground calibration of TI‐ADCs
Authors: Azizian Sarkis , Ehsanian Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel procedure for detecting offset, gain, and timing skew errors in foreground calibration of time‐interleaved analog‐to‐digital converters (TI‐ADCs). An efficient peak detection scheme has been introduced, which is successfully employed to extract timing skew error. The designed method has also been extended to derive the gain and offset errors separately to form the generalized architecture. The objective is performed with the adjustment of the rational coefficient for each error. Simplicity and low hardware consumption will constitute the notable advantages of the proposed algorithm. Mathematical expressions have been provided to explain the principles. A special case in which all triple errors could exist together has also been analyzed. Then, the proposed architecture was implemented at the system level. Finally, the behavioral simulation results for a 12‐bit four‐channel TI‐ADC have been demonstrated to confirm the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The simulation environment has consisted of the sampling frequency of 8 GHz for TI‐ADC and 1 GHz single‐tone input frequency for each channel (associated with the Gaussian noise). Based on the results, the maximum value of 77.21 dB for SFDR has been achieved after the calibration process when the average error of 9% for timing skew and 6% tolerance for gain were considered for the channels of TI‐ADC.
Thermodynamic coefficients of ideal Fermi gas
Authors: Kozharin Alexey S. , Levashov Pavel R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present analytical formulae for the first and second derivatives of the Helmholtz free energy of non‐relativistic ideal Fermi gas. Important thermodynamic quantities such as heat capacity, sound velocity, heat capacity ratio, and others are explicitly expressed through the derivatives. We demonstrate correct ideal Boltzmann gas and low‐temperature Fermi gas asymptotes and derive corrections to thermodynamic functions for these limiting cases. Numerical computations of thermodynamic properties of ideal Fermi gas can be accurately performed using the developed freely available Python module ifg.
Novel detection schemes for generalized quadrature spatial modulation
Authors: Patel Sagar , Chauhan Dharmendra , Bhalani Jaymin , Trivedi Y. N. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySpatial Modulation (SM) is a technology that incorporates digital modulation and coding with multiple antennas to achieve high data rates along with improved energy efficiency. Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM), which extends the transmitted signals to in‐phase and quadrature domains, has recently been proposed to improve spectral efficiency (SE) for SM. In this paper, we have considered a combination of Generalized QSM (GQSM) and Quasi Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes (QOSTBC). We propose a new detection scheme for the GQSM and use three different prevailing detection schemes for QOSTBC. We present Bit Error Rate (BER) versus average SNR performance for the combined system using M‐QAM constellations with quasi‐static spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels and computational complexity in terms of numbers of addition/multiplication and search time. We have compared the considered system with prevailing GQSM system and shown that the prevailing system, as per active antenna permutation (AAP) in GQSM, offers number of transmitted bits ranging from 2 to 9 whereas the proposed system offers number of transmitted bits ranging from 6 to 16 in the same bandwidth. Thus, there is a visible gain in SE. Furthermore, we have compared the BER performance of the considered system with the performance of maximum likelihood detector (MLD) and spatial modulation (SM). In the considered system, the QOSTBC improves the diversity gain. Hence, we have shown that the considered Scheme 3 substantially outperforms the SM. Further, the considered system with Scheme 3 has nearly similar BER performance with the maximum likelihood detector (MLD), which has higher computational complexity.
Driven to the edge: Species distribution modeling of a Clawed Salamander (Hynobiidae: Onychodactylus koreanus) predicts range shifts and drastic decrease of suitable habitats in response to climate change
Authors: Shin Yucheol , Min Mi‐Sook , Borzée Amaël 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change is one of the major threats to global amphibian diversity, and consequently, the species distribution is expected to shift considerably in the future. Therefore, predicting such shifts is important to guide conservation and management plans. Here, we used eight independent environmental variables and four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to model the current and future habitat suitability of the Korean clawed salamander (Onychodactylus koreanus) and then defined the dispersal limits of the species using cost distance analysis. The current habitat suitability model generated using the maximum entropy algorithm was highly consistent with the known distribution of the species and had good predictive performance. Projections onto years 2050 and 2070 predicted a drastic decrease of habitat suitability across all RCPs, with up to 90.1% decrease of suitable area and 98.0% decrease of optimal area predicted from binary presence grids. The models also predicted a northeastward shift of habitat suitability toward high‐elevation areas and a persistence of suitability along the central ridge of the Baekdudaegan Range. This area is likely to become a climatic refugium for the species in the future, and it should be considered as an area of conservation priority. Therefore, we urge further ecological studies and population monitoring to be conducted across the range of O. koreanus. The vulnerability to rapid climate change is also shared by other congeneric species, and assessing the impacts of climate change on these other species is needed to better conserve this unique lineage of salamanders.
Who touched the document?: A new overall strategy for collection and identification of DNA from the questioned documents as a supportive evidence
Authors: Cavus Yonar Fatma , Rayimoglu Gulten , Anilanmert Beril , Yukseloglu Emel Hulya , Cengiz Salih 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe questions on which judges/prosecutors apply for expertise are mostly about by whom a document was drafted/signed. In this study, a new collective strategy was constructed including a collection method, a modified‐silica‐based DNA isolation method, and a novel purification method on four contact traces formed on four different paper surface during writing, using PCR with AmpFlSTR®GlobalFiler™ STR kit (after experimental comparison between three different kits) and identification using CE. This collective analysis approach is more sensitive and superior to its equivalents on questioned documents in literature because quantifiable amounts of touch DNA and profiles with high loci percentages (100% on day 1, 72.72% after 1 week) were obtained up to 1 week even after the most challenging conditions of sample forming that a forensic scientist can meet; as washing hands just before drafting and using a very low pressure in a shorter time (simulating a simple contact real conditions while drafting), using no visualizing technique that damages the document. Using the strategy, four most commonly used paper types were compared, to see in which of them DNA could be recovered better. The success of this strategy was shown on the 1‐day to 10‐year‐old real samples from a diary and some archive documents from a law office (including the mix‐DNA and different ballpoint pens). Thus, it became possible to show if a person had touched the document, in high success rates up to 1 week as a secondary evidence, when primary evidences are insufficient for the detection of document fraud offenses.
Solar‐driven brine desalination and concentration by controlled salt excretion
Authors: Xia Yun , Yuan Shi , Li Yang , Gao Li , Zhang Xiwang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDesalination technology provides one promising solution to the global water shortage problem yet brings about a new challenge of managing massive waste brines. Recently, interfacial solar steam generation technology has gained increasing attention for brine treatment due to its high energy‐conversion efficiency and applicability to hypersaline brines. However, it is challenging to maintain high performance because of salt fouling problem. Herein, this study presents a novel salt excretion approach to maintaining the evaporation efficiency of interfacial solar steam systems for improved long‐term stability in brine desalination. By creating a directional flow, accumulated salts are excreted via discharging the concentrated brine. This approach is effective and applicable for brines with a broad range of concentration owing to its tuneable concentrating performance. With the capability of continuously producing clean water and near‐saturation brine, this work advances solar steam technologies toward practical applications, such as brine concentration and resource recovery.image
Health insurance for university students in Bangladesh: A novel experiment
Authors: Hamid Syed Abdul , Khanam Moriam , Azim Md. Ragaul , Islam Md. Sirajul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsBangladesh requires some pragmatic initiatives for using its immense potentiality to flourish health insurance. Introducing group health insurance for university students is a groundbreaking idea for stepping toward social health insurance in Bangladesh. This article examined the effect of the health insurance initiative for the university students introduced by the Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, on attitude toward insurance and protecting financial risk against health care expenditure.MethodWe used both management information system (MIS) and primary data obtained through mixed methods. We collected the quantitative data from a baseline survey on 310 students and a year‐end survey on 151 students. We used bivariate tools to analyze the data.ResultsThe results show that the mean score of attitude toward health insurance in the year‐end survey (4.04) was significantly higher than the baseline score (3.21). Results also show that a significantly higher percentage of the students reported insurance as “useful” in the year‐end survey (83.74%) than the baseline survey (40.40%). The results also reflectes that the scheme has a substantial impact on reducing the out‐of‐pocket spending for health care, especially for in‐patient care, and the anxiety regarding the financing of health care among the students. There is also an indication of sustainability and the feasibility of scaling up such a scheme across the country.ConclusionsIntroducing such health insurance by all the universities may guide the nation toward large‐scale group health insurance and social health insurance.
Beneficial effects on body weight of group vs individual care in adults with type 1 diabetes on advanced technologies
Authors: Franco Luca , Bozzetto Lutgarda , Angelis Raffaele De , Calabrese Ilaria , Cavagnuolo Luisa , Gasparro Tiziana , Riccardi Gabriele , Rivellese Angela Albarosa , Annuzzi Giovanni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationale and aimsOutpatient group visits in diabetes care have several potential advantages and can be simplified by the new technologies. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and effectiveness of group visits vs individual visits in adults with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).MethodsOutpatient setting for group visits (2‐hour duration, quarterly, 6‐8 patients) was the projection on giant screen of each patient's CGM and insulin pump data, with interactive discussion moderated by a diabetologist. Anthropometric measures and glycemic control (HbA1c) were assessed before and after a mean observation period of 4.4 ± 1.2 years (mean ± standard deviation, M ± SD) in CSII patients followed by group visits (GROUP) or individual visits (INDIVIDUAL) between 2013 and 2019.ResultsAt the beginning of the observation, GROUP and INDIVIDUAL cohorts were strictly matched for gender (M/F = 37/35 and 37/35), age, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), CSII duration, and HbA1c level. HbA1c levels did not change significantly between beginning and end of observation in either cohort (GROUP 7.54 ± 0.80% and 7.60 ± 0.79%, P = .585; INDIVIDUAL 7.73 ± 1.27% and 7.60 ± 1.08%, P = .281) (time*visit effect P = .232, two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Body weight remained unchanged in the GROUP cohort (73.2 ± 14.0 vs 73.8 ± 14.8 kg, P = .361), while it increased in the INDIVIDUAL cohort (70.3 ± 13.5 vs 73.0 ± 13.7 kg, P < 0.001) (time*visit effect P = .009).ConclusionsGroup care is feasible in adult patients with type 1 diabetes using new technologies. Group visits can be beneficial in inducing lifestyle changes, as indicated by the favorable effects observed on body weight trend.
Unusual CD34 positivity in acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplasia‐related changes with megakaryoblastic differentiation
Authors: Avenoso Daniele , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Salisbury Jonathan , Rashid Sabia , Gandhi Shreyans 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcute megakaryoblastic leukaemia is a rare entity with distinct immunophenotype profile and cytogenetic lesions. Herein, we report a case of acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplastic‐related changes with megakaryoblastic differentiation in absence of recurrent genomic lesions such as t(1;22), inv(3) and t(3;3).One of the peculiarities of this case is the positivity of CD34+ within the abnormal megakaryoblasts; CD61 immunohistochemistry highlights the heavily infiltration of bone marrow from abnormal megakaryoblasts.