bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐fidelity Gaussian process modeling with boundary information
Authors: Ye Wenxing , Tan Matthias Hwai Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMulti‐fidelity simulations are widely employed in engineering. When the simulators are time consuming to run, an autoregressive Gaussian process (AGP) model fitted with data from a nested space‐filling design can be employed as emulator. However, the AGP model assumes the simulators at different levels of fidelity share the same inputs. This article considers bi‐fidelity simulations with a high‐fidelity (HF) simulator and a low‐fidelity (LF) simulator, where the HF simulator contains a vector of inputs not shared with the LF simulator, called augmented input. The augmented input captures finer modeling details neglected by the LF simulator, and the HF simulator reduces to the LF simulator when some or all components of the augmented input tend to zero. To ensure this boundary constraint in the domain of the augmented input is satisfied, we propose a modified AGP model that uses covariance functions (CFs) constructed from covariances of integrated stochastic processes, called integrated CFs. Five families of integrated CFs are compared in two numerical examples based on finite element simulators and in numerical simulations based on four test functions with analytical forms. It is demonstrated that certain choices of integrated CFs yield substantial improvements in prediction performance attained by the modified AGP model. Matlab codes for reproducing reported results are given in the Supporting Information.
Intergenerational transmission of personality disorder severity and the role of psychosocial risk factors
Authors: Auty Katherine M. , Farrington David P. , Coid Jeremy W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamilial influences on the development of many psychopathologies are well recognised, yet the psychosocial risk factors that could help explain apparently intergenerational continuities of personality disorder (PD) are less well understood.AimsTo establish whether there is an association between the severity of PD in men and their offspring in a community cohort, and whether factors recognised as having the potential to increase risk of psychopathology mediate this.MethodsParticipants in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (n = 452 dyads) were assessed using the Tyrer and Johnson model of PD severity. Severe PD was defined as antisocial PD plus at least one other PD from a different cluster. Original participants were assessed by interview and their offspring by screening questionnaire. Chi‐square tests and mediation models were used to investigate the intergenerational continuity of PD severity and its relationship with psychosocial risk factors.ResultsAn association between severe PD in fathers and severe PD in their offspring was confirmed, regardless of whether the offspring were male or female. Whilst preliminary tests suggested that employment problems, poor parental supervision and family disruption we associated with severe PD in daughters, mediation analysis suggested that these variables had very little effect once severity of father's disorder was in the model.ConclusionsPsychosocial risk factors appear to play a limited role in the intergenerational transmission of PD severity, although future studies should take account of interaction data, for example, quality and quantity of paternal interaction given a child’s temperamental traits.
First report of Yokenella regensburgei isolated from external auditory canal after diving in valley
Authors: Na Gina , Song Je Eun , Chang Jeonghyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYokenella regensburgei is a Gram‐negative, oxidase‐negative motile rod which is rarely isolated from human caused a few opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients so far. We report the first case of otitis media combined with externa caused by Y. regensburgei in an immunocompetent patient. A 56‐year‐old male patient visited the outpatient clinic of the Otolaryngology Department due to otorrhea of the right ear started after diving in mountain valley in Korea 3 days ago. He was immunocompetent adult and clinical examination revealed swelling and debris accumulation in the right external auditory canal with an intact, erythematous tympanic membrane, and clear, odorless otorrhea. Microbiological culture of otorrhea revealed Y. regensburgei by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight and PCR‐based 16S rRNA gene sequencing. His otorrhea persisted, and a pinpoint perforation occurred in the inferior anterior portion of the tympanic membrane. 50% acetic acid irrigation and 500 mg of oral ciprofloxacin were prescribed, and his infection was cured after 4 weeks. This is the first case of otitis media combined with externa caused by Yokenella regensburgei in an immunocompetent patient. Given that Yokenella species infections are rare, especially in immunocompetent patients, this case highlights the importance of history taking and communication between clinicians and laboratory physicians. Molecular identification methods assist in identifying rare pathogens.
Electron Recycle Concept in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell for Biogas Upgrading
Authors: Cristiani Lorenzo , Ferretti Jacopo , Zeppilli Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn innovative strategy to control the metabolism of microorganisms is offered by bioelectrochemical systems in which a graphite‐based cathode can be used as electron donor or acceptor. An advanced microbial electrolysis cell is developed to combine CO2 removal from a synthetic biogas in a biocathode and the organic matter oxidation in a bioanode. A novel biogas upgrading approach is presented in which an electron recycle concept is obtained by the combination of CO2 reduction and oxidation. While the bioelectrochemical anodic chemical oxygen demand oxidation provides the electrons necessary for the cathodic CO2 reduction into methane and acetate, the acetate produced by acetogenic microorganisms migrates from the cathode to the anode being oxidized again by the bioanode.
Tuning Peptide Structure and Function through Fluorobenzene Stapling
Authors: Fischer Niklas H. , Fumi Erik , Oliveira Maria Teresa , Thulstrup Peter W. , Diness Frederik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCyclic peptides are promising next‐generation therapeutics with improved biological stability and activity. A catalyst‐free stapling method for cysteine‐containing peptides has been developed that enables fine‐tuning of the macrocycle by using the appropriate regioisomers of fluorobenzene linkers. Stapling was performed on the unprotected linear peptide or, more conveniently, directly on‐resin after peptide synthesis. NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism studies demonstrate that the type of stapling can tune the secondary structures of the peptides. The method was applied to a set of potential agonists for melanocortin receptors, generating a library of macrocyclic potent ligands with ortho, meta or para relationships between the thioethers. Their small but significant differences in potency and efficacy demonstrate how the method allows facile fine‐tuning of macrocyclic peptides towards biological targets from the same linear precursor.
Bonding Character, Electron Delocalization, and Aromaticity of Cyclo[18]Carbon (C18) Precursors, C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2): Focusing on the Effect of Carbonyl (‐CO) Groups**
Authors: Wang Xia , Liu Zeyu , Yan Xiufen , Lu Tian , Zheng Wenlong , Xiong Weiwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bonding character, electron delocalization, and aromaticity of the cyclo[18]carbon (C18) precursors, C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2), have been studied by combining quantum chemical calculations and various electronic wavefunction analyses with different physical bases. It was found that C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) molecules exhibit alternating long and short C−C bonds, and have out‐of‐plane and in‐plane dual π systems (πout and πin) perpendicular to each other, which are consistent with the relevant characteristics of C18. However, the presence of carbonyl (‐CO) groups significantly reduced the global electron conjugation of C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) compared to C18. Specifically, the ‐CO group largely breaks the extensive delocalization of πin system, and the πout system is also affected by it but to a much lesser extent; as a consequence, C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) with larger n shows weaker overall aromaticity. Mostly because of the decreased but still apparent πout electron delocalization in the C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2), a notable diatropic induced ring current under the action of external magnetic field is observed, demonstrating the clear aromatic characteristic in the molecules. The correlation between C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) and C18 in terms of the gradual elimination of ‐CO from the precursors showed that the direct elimination of two CO molecules in C18‐(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) has a synergistic mechanism, but it is kinetically infeasible under normal conditions due to the high energy barrier.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Employing Electron Injection/Transport Layers of Ionic Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Kang Wen‐Lu , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Ji Yan‐Cheng , Yi Rong‐Huei , Wang Yun‐Xin , Shen Hsiang‐Ling , Chen Xuan‐Jun , Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Lu Chin‐Wei , Yang Zu‐Po , Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Chin‐Wei Lu, Zu‐Po Yang, Hai‐Ching Su, and co‐workers at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Providence University. The image depicts electron transport for light‐emitting electrochemical cells. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103739.
Investigations on the performance of distributed Raman amplifier in dense wavelength division multiplexed communication system using different modulation formats
Authors: Saifuddin Shameem , Arunagiri Sivasubramanian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHere, the amplification performance of distributed Raman amplifier in a dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system is analyzed. We aim to compare the performance of distributed Raman amplifier using different digital modulation formats accordant with the bit error rate (BER) and Q factor through simulations. The various pumping methods like forward pumping, backward pumping, and bidirectional pumping for different pump powers have been compared by varying the modulation formats. Binary phase shift Keying (BPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), carrier suppressed DPSK (DPSK‐CS), and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) with RZ and NRZ are analyzed as their spectral efficiency is found to be better than OOK systems. Our simulation results indicate that the bit error rates are much lesser for Raman Amplifier systems with QPSK‐NRZ modulation format having SNR improvement of almost 6 dB.
Genome‐wide association analysis of freezing tolerance in soft red winter wheat
Authors: Rojas‐Gutierrez Juan Diego , Lee Gwonjin , Sanderson Brian J , Jameel M. Inam , Oakley Christopher G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFreezing tolerance is likely to be an important adaptation for both natural populations and crop cultivars like winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the United States, winter wheat represents 80% of the total wheat production. Understanding the genetic basis of freezing tolerance in wheat furthers our knowledge of abiotic stress tolerance in plants and may inform breeding programs aimed at adjusting the level of freezing tolerance for a given region. We examined freezing tolerance in a 267‐line panel of elite soft red winter wheat that has previously been used for genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on agronomically important traits. We were specifically interested in determining the extent of genetic variation for freezing tolerance within the panel, what the genetic basis of that variation is, and if there are correlations between freezing tolerance and other agronomically important traits. We found significant variation in freezing tolerance among the lines, measured as survival through three total days at −8 °C. We performed a GWAS on freezing tolerance and identified 13 candidate loci, with nearby candidate genes involved in different functions potentially associated with freezing tolerance. In addition, we found significant correlations between freezing tolerance and seven previously published yield related traits. In summary, we found considerable variation in freezing tolerance in this panel that is associated with yield related traits. Thus, these lines may be useful for breeding programs seeking to optimize freezing tolerance for present and future climatic conditions.
Social impacts of a circular business model: An approach from a sustainability accounting and reporting perspective
Authors: Scarpellini Sabina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough several studies have approached the environmental or economic impacts derived from the adoption of the circular economy's principles by businesses, the social dimension of the circular model at the micro‐level is underexplored in the literature. To fill this gap, this study defines and analyses different categories of social impacts related to a circular business model to assess and report the holistic dimension of the circular economy at the micro‐level. This paper is eminently reflective, and the methodology is mainly based on a desk research method. In addition, the results of 137 brief surveys collected in Spain are summarised to reflect the social metrics of a circular business model proposed in the literature. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on circular economy from a sustainability accounting perspective and invites scholars towards new research topics from the triple bottom line approach of the circular business model.
How to translate the knowledge of COVID‐19 into the prevention of Omicron variants
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Powell Charles A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOmicron variants are part of the “Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19] Variants of Concerns” and has the potential to spread around the world rapidly and can harm human life. We can anticipate that the endemic state of COVID‐19 will be characterized by the development of new strains with surges that will predominate in unvaccinated and immunodeficient populations. Thus, there will be an important role in promoting vaccinations, boosters and accessible testing to prevent disease transmission and to rapidly detect surges. There is an urgent need to explore the virology and biology of Omicron variants, define clinical phenomes and therapies, monitor dynamics of genetic changes, and translate the knowledge of COVID‐19 into new variants. Clinical and translational medicine will be impactful in addressing these challenges by providing new insights for understanding and predicting new variants‐associated transmissibility, disease severity, immune escape, diagnostic or therapeutic failure.
Longitudinal associations between adolescents’ sleep and adjustment: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a moderator
Authors: Philbrook Lauren E. , Shimizu Mina , Erath Stephen A. , Hinnant J. Benjamin , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSleep and autonomic nervous system functioning are important bioregulatory systems. Poor sleep and low baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of parasympathetic nervous system activity, are associated with externalizing behaviors and depressive symptoms in youth. Rarely, however, have measures of these systems been examined conjointly. The present study examined baseline RSA (RSA‐B) as a moderator of longitudinal relations between adolescent sleep and adjustment. Participants were 256 adolescents (52% girls, 66% White/European American, 34% Black/African American) from small towns and surrounding rural communities in the southeastern United States. Sleep (minutes, efficiency, variability in minutes and efficiency) was assessed at age 15 via actigraphs across seven nights. RSA‐B was derived from electrocardiogram data collected at rest. Adolescents self‐reported externalizing problems and depressive symptoms at ages 15 and 17. Controlling for age 15 adjustment, findings generally demonstrated that sleep predicted age 17 adjustment particularly at higher (rather than lower) levels of RSA‐B, such that adolescents with good sleep (more minutes and lower variability) and high RSA‐B were at lowest risk for maladjustment. The results highlight the value of examining multiple bioregulatory processes conjointly and suggest that promoting good sleep habits and regulation of physiological arousal should support adolescent adjustment.
Cumulative risks predict epigenetic age in adult survivors of extremely low birth weight
Authors: Mathewson Karen J. , McGowan Patrick O. , de Vega Wilfred C. , Morrison Katherine M. , Saigal Saroj , Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong‐term sequelae of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1000 g) may contribute to accelerated biological aging. This hypothesis was examined by analyzing a range of risk factors with a molecular age marker in adults born at ELBW or normal birth weight (NBW; ≥2500 g). DNAm age—the weighted average of DNA methylation at 353 cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites from across the genome—was derived from a sample of 45 ELBW (Mage = 32.35 years) and 47 NBW control (Mage = 32.44 years) adults, using the Illumina 850k BeadChip Array. At two assessments undertaken 9 years apart (at 23 and 32 years), cumulative risks were summed from six domains with potential to affect physiological and psychological health: resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia, blood pressure, basal cortisol, grip strength, body mass index, and self‐esteem. At age 32 years, cumulative risks were differentially associated with epigenetic age in ELBW survivors (interaction, p < 0.01). For each additional risk factor they possessed, ELBW survivors (B = 1.43) were biologically 2.16 years older than NBW adults (B = –0.73), by the fourth decade of life. Developmental change, epigenetic maintenance, and intervention targets are discussed.
Children's diurnal cortisol output and temperament in two different childcare settings at 2 and 3.5 years of age
Authors: Tervahartiala Katja , Kortesluoma Susanna , Pelto Juho , Ahtola Annarilla , Karlsson Hasse , Nolvi Saara , Karlsson Linnea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrior research suggests that child temperament may play an important role in early childhood stress regulation. We compared children's diurnal cortisol and the association between cortisol and temperament in two different childcare settings. Cortisol was measured from saliva samples over 2 days in children (N = 84) attending out‐of‐home childcare and in children (N = 27), who were cared for at home at the age of 3.5 years. There was no difference between the childcare groups in total diurnal cortisol. However, of the individual measurements, afternoon cortisol levels were higher in the out‐of‐home childcare group during their childcare day when compared with their home day. Child temperament was not associated with total diurnal cortisol. Comparison with our prior measurements showed that the association between temperamental surgency/extroversion and total diurnal cortisol diminished along with the child age from 2 to 3.5 years in both childcare settings. This may indicate that more extroverted children are physiologically more reactive to environmental stimuli when they are younger, but this association does not appear as the children develop. Our results further suggest that the afternoon hours in the out‐of‐home childcare may be demanding and accelerate the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activation in young children independent of their age.
The actin‐cytoskeleton associating protein BASP1 regulates neural progenitor localization in the neural tube
Authors: Mac Donald Kaitlin , Iulianella Angelo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBrain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1; previously NAP22 or CAP23) is an actin‐associating protein that is highly expressed in the nervous system throughout development. While its roles at the neuromuscular junction and in certain non‐neuronal tissues have been previously characterized, its function in the early neural tube is unclear. Using in ovo electroporation in the chicken (Gallus gallus) embryonic neural tube, we show that BASP1 overexpression resulted in the appearance of ectopic neural progenitor cells within the marginal zone of the neural tube. BASP1 knockdown did not affect the position of neural progenitors but did alter the complexity of axons developing from differentiated neurons. This suggests a role for BASP1 in regulating the apical polarity of progenitor cells and axon trajectories from developing neurons.
Life‐history attributes of Arctic‐breeding birds drive uneven responses to environmental variability across different phases of the reproductive cycle
Authors: Ruthrauff Daniel R. , Patil Vijay P. , Hupp Jerry W. , Ward David H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnimals exhibit varied life‐history traits that reflect adaptive responses to their environments. For Arctic‐breeding birds, traits related to diet, egg nutrient allocation, clutch size, and chick growth are predicted to be under increasing selection pressure due to rapid climate change and increasing environmental variability across high‐latitude regions. We compared four migratory birds (black brant [Branta bernicla nigricans], lesser snow geese [Chen caerulescens caerulescens], semipalmated sandpipers [Calidris pusilla], and Lapland longspurs [Calcarius lapponicus]) with varied life histories at an Arctic site in Alaska, USA, to understand how life‐history traits help moderate environmental variability across different phases of the reproductive cycle. We monitored aspects of reproductive performance related to the timing of breeding, reproductive investment, and chick growth from 2011 to 2018. In response to early snowmelt and warm temperatures, semipalmated sandpipers advanced their site arrival and bred in higher numbers, while brant and snow geese increased clutch sizes; all four species advanced their nest initiation dates. During chick rearing, longspur nestlings were relatively resilient to environmental variation, whereas warmer temperatures increased the growth rates of sandpiper chicks but reduced growth rates of snow goose goslings. These responses generally aligned with traits along the capital‐income spectrum of nutrient acquisition and altricial–precocial modes of chick growth. Under a warming climate, the ability to mobilize endogenous reserves likely provides geese with relative flexibility to adjust the timing of breeding and the size of clutches. Higher temperatures, however, may negatively affect the quality of herbaceous foods and slow gosling growth. Species may possess traits that are beneficial during one phase of the reproductive cycle and others that may be detrimental at another phase, uneven responses that may be amplified with future climate warming. These results underscore the need to consider multiple phases of the reproductive cycle when assessing the effects of environmental variability on Arctic‐breeding birds.