bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale statistical physics of the pan-viral interactome unravels the systemic nature of SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Ghavasieh Arsham , Bontorin Sebastiano , Artime Oriol , Verstraete Nina , De Domenico Manlio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProtein–protein interaction networks have been used to investigate the influence of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins on the function of human cells, laying out a deeper understanding of COVID–19 and providing ground for applications, such as drug repurposing. Characterizing molecular (dis)similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and other viral agents allows one to exploit existing information about the alteration of key biological processes due to known viruses for predicting the potential effects of this new virus. Here, we compare the novel coronavirus network against 92 known viruses, from the perspective of statistical physics and computational biology. We show that regulatory spreading patterns, physical features and enriched biological pathways in targeted proteins lead, overall, to meaningful clusters of viruses which, across scales, provide complementary perspectives to better characterize SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on humans. Our results indicate that the virus responsible for COVID–19 exhibits expected similarities, such as to Influenza A and Human Respiratory Syncytial viruses, and unexpected ones with different infection types and from distant viral families, like HIV1 and Human Herpes virus. Taken together, our findings indicate that COVID–19 is a systemic disease with potential effects on the function of multiple organs and human body sub-systems.
Potential anticancer activities ofRhus coriaria(sumac) extract against human cancer cell lines
Authors: A. Gabr Sami , H. Alghadir Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTherapeutic strategies of plant origin are a better choice as both dietary plant products or its isolated active constituents against the development and progression of cancer. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of sumac (Rhus coriaria) against different human cancer MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cell lines. In addition, the study tries to explore a prospective mechanism of action, assessment of in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In the present study, the potential antitumor effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) were explored in the human cancer cell lines; MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 using in vitro assays. Apoptotic, cell survival, ELISA immunoassays were also conducted to reveal the inhibitory effects of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In addition, both Clioquinol and Acetazolamide (AZM) were used as standards to explore the in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. The hydro-alcoholic extract of R. coriaria (Sumac) was subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC/MS assays. Sumac at non-cytotoxic doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly modulates the growth of the MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cancer cells with a higher inhibitory effect and selectivity to carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms; hCA I, II, hCA IX, and XII. The data showed that sumac at doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, and viability of cancer cells by activating the apoptotic process via caspase-3 overexpression and the regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein.
Brain tumour cell segmentation and detection using deep learning networks
Authors: Bagyaraj Sanjeevirayar , Tamilselvi Rajendran , Mohamed Gani Parisa Beham , Sabarinathan Devanathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMedical science is a challenging area for various problems associated with health care and there always exists scope for continuous medical research. The major challenges in medical imaging are in the region of lesion, segmentation and classification of tumours in the brain. Several technical challenge exists in the classification due to the variation in the tumour size, shape, texture information and location. There is a need for automatic identification of high‐grade glioma (HGG) and lower‐grade glioma (LGG). The management and grade of brain tumour depend on the depth of the tumour. Due to its irregular features, manual segmentation involves longer time and also increases the misclassification rate. Inspired by these issues, this paper introduces two automatic deep learning networks called U‐Net‐based deep convolution network and U‐Net with dense network. The proposed method is evaluated in our own brain tumour image database consisting of 300 high‐grade brain tumour cases and 200 normal cases. To improve the overall efficiency of the network, data augmentation is applied in both training and validation. The proposed U‐Net‐based Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet) architecture is compared with the performance of U‐Net architecture and concluded that the proposed DenseNet produces a higher dice value. The validation results have revealed that our proposed method can have better segmentation efficiency. Also, the performance of the proposed DenseNet achieved better results compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Validation of the test images proves that segmented output classification of tumour risk and the normal region produces a sensitivity of 88.7%, Jaccard index of 0.839, dice score value of 0.911, F1 score of 0.906 and specificity of 100% using U‐Net‐based DenseNet architecture.
Flüssigkeits- und Volumentherapie mit kristalloiden und kolloidalen Lösungen
Authors: Jedlicka Jan , Jacob Matthias , Chappell Daniel 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungBevor eine Infusionstherapie initiiert wird, ist zu unterscheiden, was therapiert werden soll: ein intravasaler Volumenmangel oder ein Flüssigkeitsmangel des gesamten Extrazellulärraumes. Danach richten sich die therapeutische Strategie der Flüssigkeits- und Volumentherapie sowie die Auswahl der zu verabreichenden Infusionslösungen, die dieser Beitrag vorstellt.
Effects of endoscopy-related procedure time on musculoskeletal disorders in Japanese endoscopists: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Matsuzaki Ippei , Ebara Takeshi , Tsunemi Mafu , Hatta Yoshifumi , Yamamoto Kojiro , Baba Akemi , Hattori Masashi , Nakamura Masanao , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims There has been little evidence assessing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among endoscopists performing recent diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures requiring prolonged procedural times. We evaluated the prevalence and identified the risk factors for developing MSDs, focusing on procedural time.
Methods An electronic survey of endoscopists (n = 213) employed at the Nagoya University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals was developed by a multidisciplinary group.
Results Of the 110 endoscopists (51.6 %) who responded to the survey, eighty-seven endoscopists (79.1 %) had experienced endoscopy-related MSDs during the previous 1 year, and 49 endoscopists (44.5 %) had experienced these MSDs during the previous week. Nineteen endoscopists (17.3 %) reported absence from work due to severe MSDs. The most frequent sites of MSDs were neck, low back, and shoulders. Logistic regression analyses showed that longer upper endoscopic submucosal dissection ESD, (odds ratio: 5.7; 95 %CI: 1.3–25.0), lower ESD (odds ratio 4.9; 95 %CI: 1.1–22.0), and lower gastrointestinal treatment (odds ratio: 5.6; 95 %CI: 2.3–13.3) were significantly associated with the development of MSDs in the low back area. Moreover, longer lower ESD (odds ratio: 5.0; 95 % CI: 1.2–20.2) was a risk factor for symptoms in the left shoulder.
Conclusion This study suggests a correlation between the volume of therapeutic endoscopic procedures including ESD and the risk of MSDs mainly low back area and left shoulder. Managing monthly total endoscopic time, in light of organizational ergonomics, could contribute to minimizing such risks of endoscopy-related MSDs.
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection using the pocket-creation method with single clip traction: a feasibility study
Authors: Nomura Tatsuma , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Morikawa Takaaki , Okada Masahiro , Fukuda Hisashi , Takezawa Takahito , Sunada Keijiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The pocket-creation method (PCM) facilitates dissection of the central part of a tumor. We previously developed the PCM with clip traction (PCM-CT) to facilitate opening the mucosal pocket, which otherwise could become cumbersome. In the present study, we aimed to examine the feasibility of PCM-CT for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
Patients and methods PCM-CT was performed on 30 patients with early colorectal tumors from October 2019 to April 2020. PCM-CT allows efficient opening of the mucosal pocket by using the PCM to dissect the center of the lesion and then apply traction with a single clip after making a circumferential mucosal incision.
Results The median specimen major axis length, ESD time, ESD speed, and en bloc resection rate were 48 mm, 84 minutes, 20 mm2/min, and 100 % (30/30), respectively. The success rates for the traction clip and median single-clip-traction time were 100 % (30/30) and 1.5 minutes, respectively.
Conclusions Colorectal ESD using PCM-CT is a simple and promising method.
Overutilization of surgical resection for benign colorectal polyps: analysis from a tertiary care center
Authors: Saade Rayan , Tsang Tyler , Kmeid Michel , Miller David , Fu Zhiyan , Litynski James , Young Patrick , Anderson Joseph C. , Lee Hwajeong , Tadros Micheal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Adequate removal of precancerous polyps is an independent factor in colorectal cancer prevention. Despite advances in polypectomy techniques, there is an increasing rate of surgery for benign polyps. We assessed whether surgical resection is properly utilized for benign colorectal polyps.
Patients and methods We identified 144 patients with surgical resection for benign colorectal polyps. Polyp location, size and the indication for and type of surgery were obtained. For the purposes of this analysis, we assumed that gastroenterologists should assess polyp size accurately, endoscopically resect polyps < 2 cm, and treat incompletely excised polyps on follow-up.
Results A total of 118 patients (82 %) were referred to surgery without attempted endoscopic removal. In 26 (22 %) of 118, the macroscopic polyp size was < 2 cm (23 in right, 3 in the left colon) and 18 (15 %; 14 in the right, four in the left colon) were found to have had size overestimation during endoscopy. Twenty-two (15 %) of 144 underwent surgical resection for incomplete endoscopic resection of adenomas (16 in the right, 6 in the left colon); 12 (54.5 %) had a residual polyp size of < 2 cm (10 in the right colon; 2 in the left colon). In-hospital mortality was 0.7 % and morbidity was 20.1 %.
Conclusions Of the patients, 41 % could have potentially avoided surgical intervention (37 polyps < 2 cm and/or size overestimations precluding endoscopic polypectomy and 22 incomplete resections). When including polyps with size ≥ 2 to < 4 cm, the percentage of patients with avoidable surgery reached 80 %. This confirms the need to develop standardized quality metrics for endoscopic polypectomies and for better overall training of endoscopists performing these procedures. Given the risks of surgery, referral to an experienced gastroenterologist should be considered as a first step.
Wide-field endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus neoplasia
Authors: Omae Masami , Hagström Hannes , Ndegwa Nelson , Vieth Michael , Wang Naining , Vujasinovic Miroslav , Baldaque-Silva Francisco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Implementation of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus neoplasia (BEN) has been hampered by high rates of positive margins and complications. Dissection with wider margins was proposed to overcome these problems, but was never tested. We aim to compare Wide-Field ESD (WF-ESD) with conventional ESD (C-ESD) for treatment of BEN.
Patients and methods This was a cohort study of all ESDs performed in our center during 2011 to 2018. C-ESD was the only technique used before 2014, with WF-ESD used beginning in 2014. In WF-ESD marking was performed 10 mm from the tumor margin compared to 5 mm with C-E.
Results ESD was performed in 90 cases, corresponding to 74 patients, 84 % male, median age 69. Of these, 22 were C-ESD (24 %) and 68 were WF-ESD (76 %). The en bloc resection rate was 95 vs 100 % (ns), the positive lateral margin rate was 23 % vs 3 % (P  < 0.01), the R0 rate was 73 % vs 90 %, and the curative resection rate was 59 % vs 76 % in the C-ESD and WF-ESD groups, respectively, (both P > 0.05). The procedure speed was 4.4 and 2.3 (min/mm) in the C-ESD and WF-ESD groups (P < 0.01), respectively. WF-ESD was associated with less post-operative strictures, 6 % vs 27 % (P = 0.01), with no local recurrence but no significantly reduced risk of metachronous recurrence (Hazard Ratio = 0.46, 95 %CI = 0.14–1.46), during a follow-up of 13.4 and 9.4 months in the C-ESD and WF-ESD cohorts, respectively.
Conclusions WF-ESD is associated with a reduction in positive lateral margins, faster dissection, and lower stricture rates. Further prospective, multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate its role in clinical practice.
SPH-FEM simulation of concrete breaking process due to impact of high-speed water jet
Authors: Yu Ran , Dong Xiangwei , Li Zengliang , Du Mingchao , Zhang Qi 
Published: April 2021

The process of concrete breaking by a high-speed water jet was simulated in this study based on the coupled method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and the finite element method. The Riedel–Hiermaier–Thoma constitutive model was adopted to describe the mechanical characteristics of the concrete material. Various impact velocities (250–800 m/s) and jet diameters (1.0–3.0 mm) were simulated to investigate the effect of incident parameters on the dynamic responses and damage behaviors of the concrete material. The simulation results were also verified by water-jet impact experiments. The results show that the model can reproduce the nonlinear behaviors of concrete due to the impact of the water jet, including crack propagation, large deformation of the crushing crater, and penetration. For the constant jet diameter, a critical velocity of water-jet flow is identified. Lateral cracks can be generated inside concrete when the impact velocity exceeds the critical velocity, which can enhance the water-jet capability significantly to damage the concrete. The evolution process of the concrete crushing crater is also obtained. The initial shape of the crushing crater is “ω-shaped” and then gradually transforms into “V-shaped” until being penetrated by the water jet. The section shape of the concrete crushing hole is trapezoidal after penetration. For impact velocity v ranging from 250 to 500 m/s, the size of the concrete crushing hole increases with the increase in v, and the section shape tends to be rectangular. If v exceeds 500 m/s, the size and section shape no longer change significantly. It was also found that the greater the diameter of the water jet, the more the sensitivity of crushing hole size on water-jet velocity.
Ion mobility–mass spectrometry reveals the role of peripheral myelin protein dimers in peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Fantin Sarah M. , Parson Kristine F. , Yadav Pramod , Juliano Brock , Li Geoffrey C. , Sanders Charles R. , Ohi Melanie D. , Ruotolo Brandon T. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
The myelin sheath surrounding human neurons acts as insulation and increases their rate of signal transmission. Peripheral myelin protein (PMP22) is a key transmembrane protein involved in neuron myelination, the dysfunction of which can lead to significant human neuropathies. This report provides direct evidence that disease-associated PMP22 mutants are unstable and can self-associate to form dimers to a greater extent than wild-type protein, providing mechanistic insight into diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Dejerine–Sottas syndrome. To accomplish this, we link mass-selected gas-phase protein stability measurements to in vivo protein trafficking data, paving the way for the future use of such data in understanding such complex biochemical processes.
Nanobody cocktails potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 D614G N501Y variant and protect mice
Authors: Pymm Phillip , Adair Amy , Chan Li-Jin , Cooney James P. , Mordant Francesca L. , Allison Cody C. , Lopez Ester , Haycroft Ebene R. , O’Neill Matthew T. , Tan Li Lynn , Dietrich Melanie H. , Drew Damien , Doerflinger Marcel , Dengler Michael A. , Scott Nichollas E. , Wheatley Adam K. , Gherardin Nicholas A. , Venugopal Hariprasad , Cromer Deborah , Davenport Miles P. , Pickering Raelene , Godfrey Dale I. , Purcell Damian F. J. , Kent Stephen J. , Chung Amy W. , Subbarao Kanta , Pellegrini Marc , Glukhova Alisa , Tham Wai-Hong 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Neutralizing antibodies are important for immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and as therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We identified high-affinity nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain and found that nanobody cocktails consisting of two noncompeting nanobodies were able to block ACE2 engagement with RBD variants present in human populations and potently neutralize both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the N501Y D614G variant at low concentrations. Prophylactic administration of nanobody cocktails reduced viral loads in mice infected with the N501Y D614G SARS-CoV-2 virus, showing that nanobody cocktails are useful as prophylactic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Knowledge about grammar and the role of epistemological beliefs
Authors: Elsner Daniela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis overview paper discusses two major dimensions of professional teacher competencies: content knowledge and beliefs about linguistics (or grammar, respectively). Research has found that teacher trainees as well as practicing teachers often have gaps in their knowledge about grammar. Since a lack of content knowledge has negative implications for teachers’ actions in the classroom, we need to think of ways to make teacher education in the field of linguistics more successful and sustainable. In the article, several approaches targeting the explanation of low grammatical content knowledge are assessed; however, an emphasis is put on the idea that epistemological beliefs play a major role for students’ learning success suggesting that there is a relationship between content knowledge and beliefs which should be further explored in future research.
Checklist for rapid assessment of independence in children with pediatric rheumatic diseases in transition to adult medical care
Authors: Miyamae Takako , Inoue Yuzaburo , Yamaguchi Kenichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Committee for Support of Transition to Adult Medical Care, Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan, has developed a checklist for patients with pediatric rheumatologic diseases to evaluate readiness for transition to adult medical care.

Methods
Using checklists for general pediatric chronic diseases developed by researchers at the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, committee members discussed points for modification or addition specific to pediatric rheumatic diseases and pediatric rheumatism clinical practice.

Results
Three patient-assessment checklists based on patient age and understanding level and a parent-assessment checklist were developed. The checklist for junior high school students and above included a ‘Health Education in Adolescence and Young Adulthood’ section with items related to sexual knowledge and concerns. Also, items on oral medications and subcutaneous injections management in the ‘Self-management of Daily Medical Care,’ domain and next medical visits management were added. The checklist for junior high school students included 30 items in seven domains and can be completed within 10 minutes. The checklist was given to 28 children with pediatric rheumatic diseases aged 10 years and older and their mothers.

Conclusion
The checklist was developed to share the challenges of independence during transition with patients and parents.
Improved macroscopic microscopic mass formula
Authors: Zhao Tian-Liang , Bao Xiao-Jun , Zhang Hong-Fei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A nuclear mass formula based on the macroscopic microscopic approach is proposed, in which the number of model parameters is reduced compared with other macroscopic microscopic models. The root mean square (RMS) deviation with respect to 2314 training sets (measured nuclear masses) is reduced to 0.447 MeV, and the calculated value of each nucleus is no more than 0.8% different from the experimental value. The single and two nucleon separation energies and the shell gaps are calculated to test the model. The shell corrections and double magic number of superheavy nuclei are also analyzed.
Nutrient Content of Seaweed and Its Digestibility in Osteochilus hasseltii
Authors: Nafiqoh N , Suryaningrum L. H. , Novita H. , Andriyanto S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seaweed is an abundant biological resource in Indonesian waters and has complete nutrients, so its utilization is very diverse. This study aims to determine the nutrient content of four seaweeds Gracilaria sp., Palmaria sp., Sargassum sp., Ulva sp.; and evaluate the digestibility in Osteochilus hasseltii. Seaweeds were taken at Pulang Sawal coast, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The digestibility measurement is carried out by providing a test diet which consists of 70% reference diet and 30% seaweed meal. Chromium oxide was used as an inert marker and added 0.6% to both reference and test diet. The average weight of experimental fish was 11.24±0.21 g and stocked 15 fish per aquarium, which is filled with 90L of water. The results showed that carbohydrate (NFE) is the largest component in seaweed. Ulva sp. had the highest digestibility in O. hasseltii (68.13%), while Palmaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Gracilaria sp. were 66.96%, 66.04%, and 65.23%, respectively. The four seaweeds used in this study were digestible by O. hasseltii and potential be used as an alternative ingredient in O. hasseltii diet.
Opportunities and Challenges Application of Desalination Technology for the Clean Water Availability in Bangka Islands
Authors: Sulandari U , Sapei A , Eriyatno  , Faqih A , Karlinasari L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bangka Belitung islands is a province with limited clean water due to a lot of tins mine which is not environmentally friendly. on the other hand, Bangka Belitung has a 1200 km coastline more easily to access seawater. for this reason, the desalination technique is used as a way to overcome the limitations of freshwater. In addition to answering the needs for clean water, desalination techniques can also answer the need for salt on the island of Bangka by utilizing brine as waste from the processing of desalination techniques. this study applies the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method which is based on several criteria such as social, economic, and environmental considerations in assessing the opportunities and constraints of implementing seawater desalination techniques. Result shows of the hierarchical analysis, the main challenges in desalination technique are high operational costs, distribution, and access to water resources and a regulatory framework that has not yet been established. the main opportunities in the desalination development are raw materials (seawater) are easy to access, environmentally friendly technology and support from local government.