bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tics in patients with encephalitis
Authors: Badenoch James , Searle Tamara , Watson Iona , Cavanna Andrea E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMovement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies.ObjectiveThis review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsIn addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting theN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed.DiscussionThe association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis.
Potential and constraints for applying the “4 per 1000 Initiative” in the Caribbean: the case of Guadeloupe
Authors: Chopin Pierre , Sierra Jorge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the feasibility of the 4 per 1000 initiative for agricultural soils in the tropics more specifically in Guadeloupe, as a representative case study of the Caribbean and other tropical regions. We used a locally adapted and calibrated model describing soil organic carbon dynamics under the impact of climate change and a broad range of scenarios combining increased use of organic amendments, reduced soil tillage, and increased land area for the local market. We found that, in its current state, only 26% of agricultural area could achieve a 4‰ year−1 increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the coming 30 years, due mainly to perennial cropping systems (sugarcane, banana, orchards) occupying soils with the lowest SOC stocks. Implementing reduced tillage with increased use of locally produced composts would increase the agricultural area reaching the 4 per 1000 target to 31%. However, at territory scale, all scenarios tested showed an annual decrease in SOC stocks varying from − 0.1 to − 3.2‰. The limited area on which the 4 per 1000 target is feasible and generalized SOC losses were mainly linked to the current high SOC stocks in volcanic and calcareous soils on the island and lack of practices capable of further increasing C inputs in current cropping systems. We concluded that C sequestration potential in the Caribbean is rather limited and that increasing SOC stocks, even lower than 4 per 1000, should be the primary target in adaptation to climate change, by increasing the resilience of cropping systems based mainly on SOC-poor soils.
Variational interpolation of high-frequency radar surface currents using DIVAnd
Authors: Barth Alexander , Troupin Charles , Reyes Emma , Alvera-Azcárate Aida , Beckers Jean-Marie , Tintoré Joaquín 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis, in n-dimensions) is a tool to interpolate observations on a regular grid using the variational inverse method. We have extended DIVAnd to include additional dynamic constraints relevant to surface currents, including imposing a zero normal velocity at the coastline, imposing a low horizontal divergence of the surface currents, temporal coherence and simplified dynamics based on the Coriolis force, and the possibility of including a surface pressure gradient. The impact of these constraints is evaluated by cross-validation using the HF (high-frequency) radar surface current observations in the Ibiza Channel from the Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB). A small fraction of the radial current observations are set aside to validate the velocity reconstruction. The remaining radial currents from the two radar sites are combined to derive total surface currents using DIVAnd and then compared to the cross-validation dataset and to drifter observations. The benefit of the dynamic constraints is shown relative to a variational interpolation without these dynamical constraints. The best results were obtained using the Coriolis force and the surface pressure gradient as a constraint which are able to improve the reconstruction from the Open-boundary Modal Analysis, a quite commonly used method to interpolate HF radar observations, once multiple time instances are considered together.
Movements, failure and climatic control of the Veslemannen rockslide, Western Norway
Authors: Kristensen Lene , Czekirda Justyna , Penna Ivanna , Etzelmüller Bernd , Nicolet Pierrick , Pullarello José Santiago , Blikra Lars Harald , Skrede Ingrid , Oldani Simon , Abellan Antonio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn September 5, 2019, the Veslemannen unstable rock slope (54,000 m3) in Romsdalen, Western Norway, failed catastrophically after 5 years of continuous monitoring. During this period, the rock slope weakened while the precursor movements increased progressively, in particular from 2017. Measured displacement prior to the failure was around 19 m in the upper parts of the instability and 4–5 m in the toe area. The pre-failure movements were usually associated with precipitation events, where peak velocities occurred 2–12 h after maximum precipitation. This indicates that the pore-water pressure in the sliding zones had a large influence on the slope stability. The sensitivity to rainfall increased greatly from spring to autumn suggesting a thermal control on the pore-water pressure. Transient modelling of temperatures suggests near permafrost conditions, and deep seasonal frost was certainly present. We propose that a frozen surface layer prevented water percolation to the sliding zone during spring snowmelt and early summer rainfalls. A transition from possible permafrost to a seasonal frost setting of the landslide body after 2000 was modelled, which may have affected the slope stability. Repeated rapid accelerations during late summers and autumns caused a total of 16 events of the red (high) hazard level and evacuation of the hazard zone. Threshold values for velocity were used in the risk management when increasing or decreasing hazard levels. The inverse velocity method was initially of little value. However, in the final phase before the failure, the inverse velocity method was useful for forecasting the time of failure. Risk communication was important for maintaining public trust in early-warning systems, and especially critical is the communication of the difference between issuing the red hazard level and predicting a landslide.
Process intensification of the high-purity nitrogen production in twin-bed Pressure Swing Adsorption plants
Authors: Marcinek A. , Guderian J. , Bathen D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith increasing nitrogen purity, PSA plants require an over-proportional air demand with the consequence that high-purity PSA systems engender a distinct interest in energy-saving measures. This paper presents process intensification strategies with the focus on a reduced energy consumption. Therefore, the influence of PSA configuration and cycle organisation on process performance was investigated. Results are presented at two product purity levels (10 ppm/1000 ppm O2) and two operating temperatures (25 °C/45 °C) in a lab-scale twin bed PSA (2 × 2 L). It is shown that dedicated strategies are available to intensify the PSA process; however, their effects are dependent on ambient conditions and product purity levels.
Differential Polynomial Identities of Upper Triangular Matrices Under the Action of the Two-Dimensional Metabelian Lie Algebra
Authors: Di Vincenzo Onofrio M. , Nardozza Vincenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the differential polynomial identities of the algebra UTm(F) under the derivation action of the two dimensional metabelian Lie algebra, obtaining a generating set of the TL-ideal they constitute. Then we determine the Sn-structure of their proper multilinear spaces and, for the minimal cases m = 2, 3, their exact differential codimension sequence.
Brief Report: Mindfulness Training for Chinese Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Parents in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Ryan Yuk Fai , Zhang Dexing , Chan Stanley Kam Chung , Gao Tiffany Ting , Lee Eric Kam Pui , Lo Herman Hay Ming , Au Yeung Peter , Lai Kelly Yee Ching , Bögels Susan M. , de Bruin Esther I. , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a concurrent mindfulness program (MYmind) on Chinese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their parents in Hong Kong, China using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist control group. Results showed the study had 80% compliance rate, 0% dropout rate, and 89% response rate. Between-group comparisons showed mindfulness had trend effects on parent’s rumination (g = 1.16), mindful parenting (d = 0.6), parenting style (d = 0.59), and parenting stress (d = 0.5). The study demonstrated the feasibility of the MYmind program in the Chinese context. A larger trial with longer follow-up period is suggested to better examine the effect of mindfulness on adolescents with ASD and their parents.
Seasonal changes in stress metabolites of native and introduced red algae in New Zealand
Authors: Gambichler Vanessa , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , Karsten Ulf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntertidal algae have to cope with diurnally and seasonally fluctuating environmental factors such as salinity, temperature, dehydration, and light. In New Zealand, solar radiation, including the ultraviolet wavelengths, is also an important stress factor for such algae. Therefore, two native (Bostrychia arbuscula W.H.Harvey [Ceramiales], Champia novae-zelandiae (J.D.Hooker & Harvey) Harvey [Rhodymeniales]) and one introduced red algal taxon (Schizymenia spp. J. Agardh [Nemastomatales]) were investigated over 12 months in terms of stress metabolites which contribute to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and salinity tolerance. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which act as sunscreens, and organic osmolytes were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Porphyra-334, shinorine, and palythine were the most dominant MAAs yet distributed differently among the species. B. arbuscula showed a correlation between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)/UVR and slightly higher MAA concentrations in summer. In contrast, C. novae-zelandiae displayed the lowest level of MAAs in summer, and no correlation was found between MAA values and solar radiation. In Schizymenia spp., the highest MAA amounts were found in summer, and for most months, a correlation with PAR/UV radiation was visible. While digeneaside and sorbitol were the dominant organic osmolytes in B. arbuscula, floridoside occurred in C. novae-zelandiae and Schizymenia spp. Only B. arbuscula exhibited higher organic osmolyte concentrations in summer. In contrast, floridoside contents in C. novae-zelandiae and Schizymenia spp. were low and highly variable over the course of the seasons. Our data indicate that both native red algal species are well acclimated to the intertidal zone. For the introduced Schizymenia spp., a more narrow salinity tolerance can be assumed, while the high MAA values may explain its establishment in New Zealand.
Efficacy of a Voluntary Self-exclusion Reinstatement Tutorial for Problem Gamblers
Authors: Turner Nigel E. , Shi Jing , Robinson Janine , McAvoy Steve , Sanchez Sherald 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVoluntary self-exclusion programs allow gamblers to voluntarily be denied access to gambling venues for an agreed upon period. Many people who self-exclude decide to return to gambling venues after the exclusion period has ended, however people who reinstate may be at risk for the recurrence of gambling problems. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of a tutorial created with the intent of reducing the risk of harm to those who reinstate. People who wished to be reinstated were asked to complete a survey on gambling related issues and then watch the tutorial video. An online video-based tutorial designed to reduce gambling related harm and to provide information about treatment services was developed. The control group (N = 131) consisted of people who reinstated in the year prior to the implementation of the online tutorial. The experimental intervention group (N = 104) were those who reinstated after the implementation of the online tutorial. There was a significant decrease in gambling and problem gambling comparing pre-exclusion to during exclusion in both the experimental and control group. Furthermore, this drop in gambling problem was sustained for 6-months and 12-months after reinstatement. However, no main effect or interaction was found that supported the efficacy of the tutorial. Self-exclusion by itself was associated with a sustained reduction in problem gambling. There was no significant evidence that the educational tutorial had any additional impact on the reinstatement process.
Analyzing Raman spectral data without separabiliy assumption
Authors: Fackeldey Konstantin , Röhm Jonas , Niknejad Amir , Chewle Surahit , Weber Marcus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a well established tool for the analysis of vibration spectra, which then allow for the determination of individual substances in a chemical sample, or for their phase transitions. In the time-resolved-Raman-sprectroscopy the vibration spectra of a chemical sample are recorded sequentially over a time interval, such that conclusions for intermediate products (transients) can be drawn within a chemical process. The observed data-matrix M from a Raman spectroscopy can be regarded as a matrix product of two unknown matrices W and H, where the first is representing the contribution of the spectra and the latter represents the chemical spectra. One approach for obtaining W and H is the non-negative matrix factorization. We propose a novel approach, which does not need the commonly used separability assumption. The performance of this approach is shown on a real world chemical example.
Relevance of Religiosity for Coping Strategies and Disability in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Braun Alexandra , Evdokimov Dimitar , Frank Johanna , Pauli Paul , Wabel Thomas , Üçeyler Nurcan , Sommer Claudia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoping strategies are essential for the outcome of chronic pain. This study evaluated religiosity in a cohort of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), its effect on pain and other symptoms, on coping and FMS-related disability. A total of 102 FMS patients were recruited who filled in questionnaires, a subgroup of 42 patients participated in a face-to-face interview, and data were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses. Few patients were traditionally religious, but the majority believed in a higher existence and described their spirituality as “transcendence conviction”. The coping strategy “praying–hoping” and the ASP dimension “religious orientation” (r = 0.5, P < 0.05) showed a significant relationship independent of the grade of religiosity (P < 0.05). A high grade of belief in a higher existence was negatively associated with the choice of ignoring as coping strategy (r = − 0.4, P < 0.05). Mood and affect-related variables had the highest impact on disability (b = 0.5, P < 0.05). In this cohort, the grade of religiosity played a role in the choice of coping strategies, but had no effects on health and mood outcome.
Enhanced network optimized generative adversarial network for image enhancement
Authors: Yan Lingyu , Fu Jiarun , Wang Chunzhi , Ye Zhiwei , Chen Hongwei , Ling Hefei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the development of image recognition technology, face, body shape, and other factors have been widely used as identification labels, which provide a lot of convenience for our daily life. However, image recognition has much higher requirements for image conditions than traditional identification methods like a password. Therefore, image enhancement plays an important role in the process of image analysis for images with noise, among which the image of low-light is the top priority of our research. In this paper, a low-light image enhancement method based on the enhanced network module optimized Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN) is proposed. The proposed method first applied the enhancement network to input the image into the generator to generate a similar image in the new space, Then constructed a loss function and minimized it to train the discriminator, which is used to compare the image generated by the generator with the real image. We implemented the proposed method on two image datasets (DPED, LOL), and compared it with both the traditional image enhancement method and the deep learning approach. Experiments showed that our proposed network enhanced images have higher PNSR and SSIM, the overall perception of relatively good quality, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in the aspect of low illumination image enhancement.
Pesticide Contamination in Drinking and Surface Water in the Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Silva-Madera Rosa J. , Salazar-Flores Joel , Peregrina-Lucano A. Aarón , Mendoza-Michel Judith , Ceja-Gálvez Hazael R. , Rojas-Bravo Daniel , Reyna-Villela Mireya Z. , Torres-Sánchez Erandis D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSixty percent of global agricultural production depends on the use of pesticides, despite their adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem. In Mexico, the application of these products has been exacerbated, including pesticides already banned in other countries. The objective of this study was to determine pesticide concentrations in samples of water purification plants and surface water from the Cienega area of Jalisco, Mexico. A survey of 119 farmers with occupational exposure to pesticides was carried out in order to obtain information on the most frequently used pesticides. Subsequently, 51 samples taken at 7 different sites were analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass-mass spectrometry. The most frequently used pesticides were organophosphates (28.87%), pyrethroids (12.89%), and the herbicide paraquat (31.95%). In surface water, the prevalent pesticides were glyphosate (56.96–510.46 ppb) and malathion (311.76–863.49 ppb). Glyphosate levels were higher than the limits acceptable in daily water intake in Cumuato. Malathion levels exceeded the limits permissible by EPA in water purification plants in urban public establishments (100 ppb for children, and 200 ppb for adults). In addition, a multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the sampled sites could be grouped into 2 different bodies of water, based on similarities in their glyphosate concentrations (stress = 0.005), while the concentrations of malathion were heterogeneous (stress = 0.001).
Uncovering the human evaluation of changeability for automated factory layout planning: an expert survey
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Dannapfel Matthias , Hahn Viviane , Preutenborbeck Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn the way to automated layout planning numerous challenges must be faced. One of these challenges is the automated layout evaluation, which can be considered as the core of automated layout planning. The research field of factory planning differs from related research topics such as facility layout planning (FLP) from operations research (OR) by focusing for example on qualitative criteria in the evaluation. However, findings on how qualitative criteria can be interpreted in a quantifiable and measurable way are still rare. In this article, we address these questions with a focus on changeability, which can be regarded as the most important qualitative evaluation criterion in layout planning. For this purpose, a survey was conducted that aims to determine changeability from the understanding of industry experts and to define it consistently with the understanding from literature. Based on this understanding, performance metrics are derived to measure the layout changeability.
The combined effects of obesity and ageing on skeletal muscle function and tendon properties in vivo in men
Authors: Tomlinson David J. , Erskine Robert M. , Morse Christopher I. , Pappachan Joseph M. , Sanderson-Gillard Emmanuel , Onambélé-Pearson Gladys L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the combined impact of ageing and obesity on Achilles tendon (AT) properties in vivo in men, utilizing three classification methods of obesity.

Method
Forty healthy, untrained men were categorised by age (young (18–49 years); older (50–80 years)), body mass index (BMI; normal weight (≥18.5–<25); overweight (≥25–<30); obese (≥30)), body fat% (normal adipose (<28%); high adiposity (≥28%)) and fat mass index (FMI; normal (3–6); excess fat (>6–9); high fat (>9). Assessment of body composition used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, gastrocnemius medialis (GM)/AT properties used dynamometry and ultrasonography and endocrine profiling used multiplex luminometry.

Results
Older men had lower total range of motion (ROM; −11%; P = 0.020), GM AT force (−29%; P < 0.001), stiffness (−18%; P = 0.041), Young’s modulus (−22%; P = 0.011) and AT stress (−28%; P < 0.001). All three methods of classifying obesity revealed obesity to be associated with lower total ROM (P = 0.014–0.039). AT cross sectional area (CSA) was larger with higher BMI (P = 0.030). However, after controlling for age, higher BMI only tended to be associated with greater tendon stiffness (P = 0.074). Interestingly, both AT CSA and stiffness were positively correlated with body mass (r = 0.644 and r = 0.520) and BMI (r = 0.541 and r = 0.493) in the young but not older adults. Finally, negative relationships were observed between AT CSA and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β.

Conclusions
This is the first study to provide evidence of positive adaptations in tendon stiffness and size in vivo resulting from increased mass and BMI in young but not older men, irrespective of obesity classification.