bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetry and radioprotection evaluations of very high energy electron beams
Authors: Masilela Thongchai A. M. , Delorme Rachel , Prezado Yolanda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVery high energy electrons (VHEEs) represent a promising alternative for the treatment of deep-seated tumors over conventional radiotherapy (RT), owing to their favourable dosimetric characteristics. Given the high energy of the electrons, one of the concerns has been the production of photoneutrons. In this article we explore the consequence, in terms of neutron yield in a water phantom, of using a typical electron applicator in conjunction with a 2 GeV and 200 MeV VHEE beam. Additionally, we evaluate the resulting ambient neutron dose equivalent at various locations between the phantom and a concrete wall. Through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations it was found that an applicator acts to reduce the depth of the dose build-up region, giving rise to lower exit doses but higher entrance doses. Furthermore, neutrons are injected into the entrance region of the phantom. The highest dose equivalent found was approximately 1.7 mSv/Gy in the vicinity of the concrete wall. Nevertheless, we concluded that configurations of VHEEs studied in this article are similar to conventional proton therapy treatments in terms of their neutron yield and ambient dose equivalent. Therefore, a clinical implementation of VHEEs would likely not warrant additional radioprotection safeguards compared to conventional RT treatments.
Seasonality of tuberculosis in intermediate endemicity setting dominated by reactivation diseases in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Leonia Hiu Wan , Wong Ngai Sze , Leung Chi Chiu , Chan Chi Kuen , Lau Alexis K. H. , Tian Linwei , Lee Shui Shan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSummer-spring predominance of tuberculosis (TB) has been widely reported. The relative contributions of exogenous recent infection versus endogenous reactivation to such seasonality remains poorly understood. Monthly TB notifications data between 2005 and 2017 in Hong Kong involving 64,386 cases (41% aged ≥ 65; male-to-female ratio 1.74:1) were examined for the timing, amplitude, and predictability of variation of seasonality. The observed seasonal variabilities were correlated with demographics and clinical presentations, using wavelet analysis coupled with dynamic generalised linear regression models. Overall, TB notifications peaked annually in June and July. No significant annual seasonality was demonstrated for children aged ≤ 14 irrespective of gender. The strongest seasonality was detected in the elderly (≥ 65) among males, while seasonal pattern was more prominent in the middle-aged (45–64) and adults (30–44) among females. The stronger TB seasonality among older adults in Hong Kong suggested that the pattern has been contributed largely by reactivation diseases precipitated by defective immunity whereas seasonal variation of recent infection was uncommon.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chemical, electrochemical and surface studies of new metal–organic frameworks (MOF) as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in sulfuric acid environment
Authors: Fouda Abd El-Aziz S. , Etaiw Safaa Eldin H. , Hassan Gannat S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effects of [Co2(SCN) 4(hmt)2(H2O)6. H2O] (SC1) and [Co (CN)6(Me3Sn)3(H2O). (qox)] (SCP2) MOF as corrosion inhibitors on C-steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solutions are illustrated utilizing mass reduction (MR), electrochemical [potentiodynamic polarization (PP), andACelectrochemical impedance (EIS)].The experiments revealed that as the dose of these compounds rose, the inhibition efficacy (IE percent) of C-steel corrosion improved, reaching 80.7–93.1% at dose 25 × 10−6 M for SC1 and SCP2, respectively.IEpercent, on the other hand, dropped as the temperature range grew. SC1was adsorbed physically and chemically (mixed adsorption) but SCP2 was adsorbed physically on the surface of C-steel and conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. ThePPstudies revealed that these compounds act as mixed kind inhibitors. To establish the morphology of the inhibited C-steel surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy transmittedX-ray (EDX),and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were used. All tested experiments were in good agreement.
Prognostic impact of lingual lymph node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a retrospective study
Authors: Kuroshima Takeshi , Onozato Yusuke , Oikawa Yu , Ohsako Toshimitsu , Kugimoto Takuma , Hirai Hideaki , Tomioka Hirofumi , Michi Yasuyuki , Miura Masahiko , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Harada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue rarely metastasizes to the lingual lymph nodes (LLNs), which are inconstant nodes and often situated outside the areas of basic tongue tumor surgery. The current study evaluated the clinicopathological features and prognostic impact of LLN metastasis (LLNM), compared to that of cervical lymph node metastasis, in patients with tongue SCC. A total of 608 patients underwent radical surgery for tongue SCC at our department between January 2001 and December 2016. During neck dissection, we scrutinized and resected lateral LLNs, when present. Of the 128 patients with lymph node metastasis, 107 had cervical lymph node metastasis and 21 had both cervical lymph node metastasis and LLNM. Univariate analysis demonstrated that LLNM was significantly associated with the adverse features of cervical lymph node metastasis. The 5-year disease-specific survival (5y-DSS) was significantly lower in patients with LLNMs than in those without LLNMs (49.0% vs. 88.4%, P < 0.01). Moreover, Cox proportional hazards model analyses revealed that cervical lymph node metastasis at level IV or V and LLNM were independent prognostic factors for 5y-DSS. LLNM has a strong negative impact on survival in patients with tongue SCC. An advanced status of cervical lymph node metastasis may predict LLNM.
Oxidative profile and protease regulator potential to predict sperm functionality in donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: Cecchini Gualandi Stefano , Giangaspero Brunella , Di Palma Tommaso , Macchia Giuseppe , Carluccio Augusto , Boni Raffaele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeminal plasma (SP) of donkey stallions was evaluated using various oxidative stress parameters as well as protease and protease inhibitor activities. SP was obtained by nine donkey stallions. In addition, one donkey stallion with non-obstructive azoospermia was enrolled in this study. Free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total thiol level (TTL) were highly correlated with each other and with the protease inhibitor activity. However, only FRAP, TAC, and the nitrate/nitrite concentration (NOx) were significantly correlated with sperm concentration, production, and kinetics. Protease inhibitor activity was highly correlated with sperm concentration and production; however, it did not correlate with sperm kinetics. The azoospermic stallion produced a lower amount of semen than the normospermic stallions and its SP showed a lower antioxidant activity when evaluated with FRAP, TAC, and TTL as well as a higher NOxand a lower protease inhibitor activity. In conclusion, the evaluation of SP oxidative profile by FRAP, TAC, and NOxmay provide reliable information on donkey sperm quality whereas protease inhibitor activity may play a role as a marker of the sperm concentration in this species.
The influence of emissions scenarios on future Antarctic ice loss is unlikely to emerge this century
Authors: Lowry Daniel P. , Krapp Mario , Golledge Nicholas R. , Alevropoulos-Borrill Alanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOf all the components of the global sea-level budget, the future contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is the most uncertain in sea-level rise projections. Dynamic ice sheet model simulations show considerable overlap in the projected Antarctic Ice Sheet sea-level contribution under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and the timescale at which scenario dependence will emerge is unclear. With historically constrained ice sheet simulations and a statistical emulator, we demonstrate that a high-emissions signature of the Antarctic Ice Sheet sea-level contribution will not unambiguously emerge from the wide potential range of low-emission sea-level projections for over 100 years due to current limitations in our understanding in ice flow and sliding. However, the results also indicate that the total global warming that occurs over the 21st century controls the resulting long-term Antarctic Ice Sheet sea-level commitment, with multi-meter differences between the highest and lowest emissions scenarios in subsequent centuries.
Cyanolichen microbiome contains novel viruses that encode genes to promote microbial metabolism
Authors: Ponsero Alise J , Hurwitz Bonnie L , Magain Nicolas , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Lutzoni François , U’Ren Jana M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lichen thalli are formed through the symbiotic association of a filamentous fungus and photosynthetic green alga and/or cyanobacterium. Recent studies have revealed lichens also host highly diverse communities of secondary fungal and bacterial symbionts, yet few studies have examined the viral component within these complex symbioses. Here, we describe viral biodiversity and functions in cyanolichens collected from across North America and Europe. As current machine-learning viral-detection tools are not trained on complex eukaryotic metagenomes, we first developed efficient methods to remove eukaryotic reads prior to viral detection and a custom pipeline to validate viral contigs predicted with three machine-learning methods. Our resulting high-quality viral data illustrate that every cyanolichen thallus contains diverse viruses that are distinct from viruses in other terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to cyanobacteria, predicted viral hosts include other lichen-associated bacterial lineages and algae, although a large fraction of viral contigs had no host prediction. Functional annotation of cyanolichen viral sequences predicts numerous viral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in amino acid, nucleotide, and carbohydrate metabolism, including AMGs for secondary metabolism (antibiotics and antimicrobials) and fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the diversity of cyanolichen AMGs suggests that viruses may alter microbial interactions within these complex symbiotic assemblages.
Crystal structure of silver pentazolates AgN5 and AgN6
Authors: Williams Ashley S. , Nguyen Cong Kien , Gonzalez Joseph M. , Oleynik Ivan I. 
Published: October 2021

Crystal structure of silver pentazolates AgN5 and AgN6 has been predicted using first-principles evolutionary crystal structure searching. AgN5 and AgN6 were found to be metastable at ambient conditions.
A service‐aware transport layer framework for SDN‐enabled cellular core networks
Authors: Xia Nian , Tsai Pang‐Wei , Ling Teck Chaw , Yang Chu‐Sing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince futuristic cellular core networks are envisioned to accommodate emerging vertical domain applications with diverse QoS requirements, software‐defined networking (SDN) technology has played a vital role in improving the scalability and flexibility of network management. This paper presents the design and development of a service‐aware transport layer framework in SDN‐enabled cellular core networks. It aims to study and accommodate three typical traffic types: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra‐reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine‐type communications (mMTC) in optimal path selection. The proposed framework is able to dynamically allocate network resources to corresponding traffic of above types for satisfying the requirements of each identified flow, using a multi‐level queue management mechanism to alleviate the flow dropping problem when the network becomes congested. For experiment and verification, a testbed platform was built to evaluate the functionalities of developed modules, the performance of the diffserv‐based optimal path selection, and the operation of multi‐level queue management. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms could obtain a higher accepting ratio than the other ones in different network conditions.
Recent advances of integrated microfluidic suspension cell culture system
Authors: Kerk Yi Jing , Jameel Aysha , Xing Xin‐Hui , Zhang Chong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic devices with superior microscale fluid manipulation ability and large integration flexibility offer great advantages of high throughput, parallelisation and multifunctional automation. Such features have been extensively utilised to facilitate cell culture processes such as cell capturing and culturing under controllable and monitored conditions for cell‐based assays. Incorporating functional components and microfabricated configurations offered different levels of fluid control and cell manipulation strategies to meet diverse culture demands. This review will discuss the advances of single‐phase flow and droplet‐based integrated microfluidic suspension cell culture systems and their applications for accelerated bioprocess development, high‐throughput cell selection, drug screening and scientific research to insight cell biology. Challenges and future prospects for this dynamically developing field are also highlighted.
A new theory of driver vision pressure energy field and its application in driver behaviour decision‐making model
Authors: Li Yi , Yu Bo , Chen Yuren , Hu Zhihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe interpretation of driver behaviour decisions is an essential part of driver behaviour research. Unlike previous studies that use driver's vision indicators or behaviour indicators as the basis for behaviour decision‐making models, this paper proposes a new concept of vision pressure energy field to describe driver's vision perception. Driver behaviours are regarded as the results of the energy fluctuation of the “Potential Energy‐Field Energy‐Kinetic Energy” cycle. The energy field model and corresponding classification method of driving risk level are presented. The micro‐effect and macro‐effect of driver behaviour decisions are considered in the decision effect evaluation process. These models are integrated into an RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) framework. After the field test data training, the model results show that the decision‐making framework with a hidden layer can successfully describe the car‐following and lane‐changing behaviours. The phenomenon of continuous behaviour change can be explained by the prediction result of decision effect level. The vision pressure energy field theory integrates the driver behaviour into the physical energy field theory. It presents a new way to interpret driver's vision perception results. The driver behaviour changes can also be successfully predicted through this theory.
Constraining the properties of the potential embedded planets in the disk around HD 100546
Authors: Pyerin Max Ackermann , Delage Timmy N. , Kurtovic Nicolás T. , Gárate Matías , Henning Thomas , Pinilla Paola 
Published: October 2021

Context. The protoplanetary disk around the star HD 100546 displays prominent substructures in the form of two concentric rings. Recent observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed these features with high angular resolution and have resolved the faint outer ring well. This allows us to study the nature of the system further.
Aims. Our aim is to constrain some of the properties of potential planets embedded in the disk, assuming that they induce the observed rings and gaps.
Methods. We present the self-calibrated 0.9 mm ALMA observations of the dust continuum emission from the circumstellar disk around HD 100546. These observations reveal substructures in the disk that are consistent with two rings, the outer ring being much fainter than the inner one. We reproduced this appearance closely with a numerical model that assumes two embedded planets. We varied planet and disk parameters in the framework of the planet-disk interaction code FARGO3D and used the outputs for the gas and dust distribution to generate synthetic observations with the code RADMC-3D.
Results. From this comparison, we find that an inner planet located at r1 = 13 au with a mass M1 = 8 MJup and an outer planet located at r2 = 143 au with a mass M2 = 3 MJup leads to the best agreement between synthetic and ALMA observations (deviation less than 3σ for the normalized radial profiles). To match the very low brightness of the outer structure relative to the inner ring, the initial disk gas surface density profile needs to follow an exponentially tapered power law (self-similar solution), rather than a simple power-law profile.
High resolution LAsMA 12CO and 13CO observation of the G305 giant molecular cloud complex
Authors: Mazumdar P. , Wyrowski F. , Urquhart J. S. , Colombo D. , Menten K. M. , Neupane S. , Thompson M. A. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Understanding the effect of feedback from young massive stars on the star-forming ability of their parental molecular clouds is of central importance for studies of the interstellar medium and star formation.
Aims. We observed the G305 star-forming complex in the J = 3−2 lines of 12CO and 13CO to investigate whether feedback from the central OB stars was triggering star formation in G305 or actually disrupting this process.
Methods. The region was decomposed into clumps using dendrogram analysis. A catalog of the clump properties such as their positions, luminosities, masses, radii, velocity dispersions, volume densities, and surface mass densities was created. The surface mass densities of the clumps were plotted as a function of the incident 8 μm flux. A mask of the region with 8 μm flux > 100 MJy sr−1 was created and clumps were categorized into three classes based on their extent of overlap with the mask, namely mostly inside (>67% overlap), partly inside (>10 and <67% overlap), and outside (<10% overlap). The surface mass density distribution of each of these populations was separately plotted. This was followed by comparing the G305 clumps with the Galactic average taken from a distance-limited sample of ATLASGAL and CHIMPS clumps. Finally, the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the clump masses in G305 and their L∕M ratios were compared to that of the Galactic sample to determine which mechanism of feedback was dominant in G305.
Results. The surface mass densities of clumps showed a positive correlation with the incident 8 μm flux. The data did not have sufficient velocity resolution to discern the effects of feedback on the linewidths of the clumps. The subsample of clumps labeled mostly inside had the highest median surface mass densities followed by the partly inside and outside subsamples. The difference between the surface mass density distribution of the three subsamples were shown to be statistically significant using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The mostly inside sample also showed the highest level of fragmentation compared to the other two subsamples. These prove that the clumps inside the G305 region are triggered. The G305 clump population is also statistically different from the Galactic average population, the latter approximating that of a quiescent population of clumps. This provided further evidence that redistribution was not a likely consequence of feedback on the giant molecular cloud. The CDFs of clump masses and their L∕M ratios are both flatter than that of the Galactic average, indicating that clumps are heavier and more efficient at forming stars in G305 compared to the Galactic average.
Conclusions. Feedback in G305 has triggered star formation. The collect and collapse method is the dominant mechanism at play in G305.
The Effects of Exercise Training on Plasma Volume Variations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zouhal Hassane , Rhibi Fatma , Salhi Amal , Jayavel Ayyappan , Hackney Anthony C. , Saeidi Ayoub , Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Tourny-Chollet Claire , Clark Cain C.T. , Abderrahman Abderraouf Ben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the acute and long-term effects of exercise training on PV, in both trained and untrained individuals and to examine associations between changes in %PVV and change in physical/physiological performance. Despite the status of participants and the exercise duration or intensity, all the acute studies reported a significant decrease of PV (effect size: 0.85<d<3.45, very large), and ranged between 7 and 19.9%. In untrained individuals, most of studies reported a significant increase of PV in response to different kind of training including endurance training and high intensity interval training (effect size: 0.19<d<3.52, small to very large), and ranged from 6.6 to 16%. However, in trained individuals the results are equivocal. We showed that acute exercise appears to induce a significant decrease of PV in both healthy untrained and trained individuals in response to several exercise modalities. Moreover, there is evidence that long-term exercise training induced a significant increase of PV in healthy untrained individuals. However, it seems that there is no consensus concerning the effect of long-term exercise training on PV in trained individuals.
Common good in the era of data-intensive healthcare
Authors: Grön Kirsikka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, scholars studying data-intensive healthcare have argued that data-driven technologies bind together new actors and goals as part of healthcare. By combining the expectation studies with justification theory, this article adopts a novel theoretical perspective to understand how these actors and goals are enroled in healthcare. Drawing on a case study of Apotti, a Finnish social services and healthcare information system renewal project, the article shows how new emerging health data assemblages stress the aims of producing the common good in public healthcare. The project is studied by analysing interviews of the project’s key actors and various documents produced in the project. The paper shows how, in the collective expectations, the new information system is justified by multiple understandings of the common good, which might be contradictory with each other. Along with the established goals of improving public healthcare operations, the new information system is expected to empower clients and patients, audit and manage personnel, promote national digital social and healthcare service markets, provide better data and tools for research, and promote Finnish research and business in international competition. These expectations are not all based on the settled understanding of the common good of public healthcare as promoting health; the common good is also defined in other terms such as improving research, promoting markets and business, and making Finland famous and a leading country in the digital social services and healthcare field. These goals and expectations are purposely ambiguous to be loose enough to gain attention and maintain it even when the promises are not met. The paper identifies the ambiguity and plurality of the common good as strategies of data-intensive healthcare and raises concerns of how this might shape public healthcare in the future. As the plural understandings of the common good might not support each other, the paper calls for further assessments of how this will affect public healthcare’s core objectives and for seeking solutions that carefully balance the goals of the current and evolving multi-stakeholder environment of data-intensive healthcare.