bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on effect of 4% gelatin and dextran-40 on blood glucose levels during surgery under subarachnoid block – A randomised, prospective study
Authors: Gajula Sreehari Kunichetty , Bhadri Sreenivasulu , Mukkara Madhusudan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Stress response to surgery induces hyperglycaemia to limited extent. An additive hyperglycaemic response, secondary to the metabolism of intravenous fluids, can thus prove detrimental to the well-being of the patient, if ignored.

Methods:
We compared the effects of 4% gelatin and dextran-40 on blood glucose levels during surgery under subarachnoid block and their potential to induce hyperglycaemia. Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I and II patients were randomised into two groups, 30 patients in each. Group 1 patients were preloaded with 4% Gelatin (10 mL/kg) and Group 2 patients were preloaded with dextran-40 in normal saline (10 mL/kg), over a period of 30 min. Just prior to preloading, base line capillary blood glucose (CBG) level was noted this is followed by subsequent readings at 20 min interval until 100 min from base line reading. All patients received normal saline (0.9%) as a maintenance fluid. Under strict aseptic precautions, subarachnoid block using 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine at L3-L4 or L4-L5 level was given after preloading.

Results:
The CBG levels in both the groups at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 min from base line were within physiological limits. In group 2, the maximum CBG level was found at 60 min from onset of preloading (P = 0.017), when compared with corresponding CBG level in Group 1. Preloading the patients prior to subarachnoid block with 4% gelatin or dextran 40 do not raise CBG levels significantly above the physiological limits.
Enzymatic and fecundity evaluation of Fasciola hepatica exposed to different doses of γ- irradiation in Ethiopian sheep
Authors: Tadesse Abebayehu , Eguale Tadesse , Ashenafi Hagos , Tilahun Getachew , Ayana Dinka 
Published: September 2021

The upshot of γ-irradiated Fasciola hepatica infection on the activity of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was evaluated in 36 sheep infected with a single dose of 30, 60, 120, and 240 grays and those kept as negative and positive control over 17 weeks. During this period, serum and faecal samples, as well as body weight gains, were taken at weekly intervals. Furthermore, the effects of the irradiation dose (500) for oral vaccination and on the recovery of adult flukes were assessed following primary infection. Eggs were first detected in the faeces of infected sheep on week 8 post-infection. The parasite viability was severely affected by doses of γ-irradiation of 120 Gy or 240 Gy. In the aforementioned doses, relatively low numbers of mature flukes of about 60 (17.1%) and 38 (10.8%) were recovered than the control group, respectively. The sensitized lambs also showed less hepatic damage compared with the controls as indicated by lower levels of the serum enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and γ- glutamyl transferase significant body weight loss was observed between weeks 6 and 8 post-infection followed by a steady increase of the mean weight of infected animals across time. In conclusion, vaccination of sheep with γ irradiated metacercariae of F. hepatica appeared to affect the number and development of the fluke population resulting in reduced hepatic damage during migration, reduced fecundity after patency, as measured by worm and egg counts, levels of serum glutamate dehydrogenase and γ- glutamyl transferase.
Comparative evaluation of the immune responses of seven chicken ecotypes to vaccination against Newcastle disease
Authors: Sarba Edilu Jorga , Kemal Endashaw , Galan Eyob , Sori Teshale , Woube Yilkal Asfaw , Abdi Reta Duguma 
Published: September 2021

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry with high mortality. The local velogenic viral pool of the ND strains influences its severity and occurrence. ND vaccination is the most feasible approach to control the disease. However, some ND-vaccinated groups within chicken populations are susceptible to velogenic ND infection developing outbreaks with marked pathological lesions and shedding of the virus. Vaccine strain-related factors as well as inadequate vaccine application and delivery methods during vaccination might explain the suboptimum ND vaccine efficacy. In this study, however, we propose that host factors may contribute to the suboptimal vaccine efficacy in vaccinated chickens. We, therefore, compared the immune response of five Ethiopian chicken ecotypes to ND immunization in the presence of two reference breeds (Fayoumi and Bovans). All chickens received initial immunization at age of 21 days with HB1 ND vaccine followed by two-times LaSota booster immunization at age 50 and 120 days. Subsequently, serum was collected fortnightly post-vaccination at age 35, 65, and 135 days for immune response analysis using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. HIantibody was significantly higher at days 135 > 65 > 35 in each ecotype following the third, second, and first vaccination, respectively. The different chicken ecotypes had significant differences in HI antibody response to the ND vaccination. Accordingly, the HI titer was significantly higher in Jarso > Cheffe > Fayoumi > Arsi > Bovans > Tepi > Horro suggesting antibody titer and ND vaccine efficacy of the ND vaccine depends on host factors. Moreover, some chicken groups within each ecotype had low HI titer. Chicken ecotypes with weak immune responses may not completely clear the virus from their body; thus, they can serve as a reservoir host by maintaining the ND virus. We conclude that herd immunity level and blanket vaccination program based on the results of a single host genetic group can be misleading during developing and recommending a new vaccine. Hence, understanding the host determinant factors in the immune response during vaccination can lead to improved efficacy and protection against ND in chicken populations.
In vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of Parinari curatellifolia stem bark
Authors: Omoniwa Babasoji P. , Okaiyeto Kunle , Omoniwa David O. , Olorunyomi Olumuyiwa A. 
Published: September 2021

Parinari curatellifolia and other Parinari species are used traditionally in many parts of Africa as a remedy for malaria among other diseases. To ascertain this folkloric claim, the antiplasmodial potential of ethanol extract of Parinari curatellifolia stem bark (EEPCSB) and n-hexane extract of Parinari curatellifolia stem bark (HEPCSB) on Plasmodium falciparum was studied. Parasites were grown in a 96-well plate containing Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640. The wells were grouped into: control (untreated), artemether-treated, EEPCSB-treated and HEPCSBtreated groups. Treatments were administered to the tune of 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml. Parasitemia was observed by microscopy after 24, 48 and 72h of incubation. EEPCSB and HEPCSB elicited dose and duration-dependent reduction (p<0.05) in parasitemia when compared with the untreated group. The recorded percentage parasite inhibition by the extracts was lower (p<0.05) when compared with artemether. There was no difference (p>0.05) in plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase activity of EEPCSB-treated and artemether-treated groups. Findings from this study show that extracts of P. curatellifolia stem bark, especially EEPCSB, demonstrated excellent inhibitory activities against P. falciparum and can be a good source of compounds for the development of novel antimalarial drugs.
Keywords: Parinari curatellifolia; Extracts; Plasmodium falciparum; Parasitemia; Antiplasmodial
In vitro quality evaluation of brands of promethazine tablets marketed in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olakojo Oluwatobi O. , Usman Isah S. 
Published: September 2021

The increasing number of multisource pharmaceuticals has necessitated the need for continuous quality assessment of products available for atients’ consumption. Promethazine is an anti-histamine used in cases of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness etc. The study was to examine the in vitro quality parameters for ten brands of promethazine hydrochloride tablets sold in retail pharmacies in Edo State, Nigeria. The parameters determined were identification, weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution rate and assay. All samples were evaluated for conformity with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 2017 standards. Results obtained showed tablet weight ranging from 0.08 g ± 1.77 % to 0.255 g ± 3.557 %, hardness from 4.36 ± 0.58 to 8.33 ± 3.21 kg/cm2, friability of < 1 %, disintegration time of 2.47 ± 0.90 to 69.66 ± 7.23 min and assay of 61.32 ± 2.04 to 183.19 ± 0.11%. The ten batches but one released more than 80 % of their drug content within 30 min. Analysis of similarity factor revealed other samples but PR-7 can be interchangeable with PR-1 based on dissolution profile. The results showed that not all samples examined passed all the pharmacopoeia tests for satisfactory quality. Thus, they all cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice.
Keywords: Promethazine; Quality Control; Dissolution; Pharmacopoeial specifications
Knowledge, attitude and practice of traditional medicine among people of Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Ohemu Temitayo Lucia , Shalkur David , Ohemu Benson Okpe , Daniel Peter 
Published: September 2021

Studies and documentation on the current knowledge and practices of traditional medicine among African communities are lacking particularly in this era of modern health care expansion. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of traditional medicine in Jos South Local Government Area (LGA) of Plateau State, Nigeria. A systemic random sampling technique was employed for this study. A semi-structured open and closed ended questionnaire was used to collect data through house to house interview among 300 participants identified for the study. The data was then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0 (Chicago, SPSS Inc.). The studies revealed two hundred and seventy four (94.8%) have heard about traditional medicine, while two hundred and forty two (83.7%) of them have used traditional medicine once or more in their life time, especially for the treatment of malaria and fever. One hundred and eleven (38.4%) of the respondents preferred using both traditional and modern medicine. The prevalence of Traditional Medicine patronage in Jos South LGA, Plateau state is high and this may be related to the socio-cultural acceptability, easy accessibility, and affordability of Traditional Medicine.
Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Traditional Medicine; Nigeria
HOÀN THIỆN QUY ĐỊNH TRONG DỰ THẢO SỬA ĐỔI BỔ SUNG LUẬT DOANH NGHIỆP 2014 VỀ VÁN ĐỀ THÀNH LẬP DOANH NGHIỆP
Authors: XUÂN THẮNG HỒ 
Published: September 2021

: Khi so sánh về thủ tục thành lập doanh nghiệp Ngân hàng thế giới đã nhận định: Trong năm 2019, nước ta được xếp hạng thứ 104 trên 190 quốc gia và nền kinh tế. Với thực trạng đó, việc đòi hỏi cải cách thể chế pháp lý là rất cấp bách, đặt lên hàng đầu để cắt giảm những thủ tục không cần thiết nhằm rút ngắn thời gian và giảm chi phí cho nhà đầu tư là doanh nhân và thương nhân Do vậy, Thực hiện Nghị quyết số 57/2018/QH14 ngày 8/6/2018 của Quốc hội về Chương trình xây dựng luật, pháp lệnh năm 2019, điều chỉnh Chương trình xây dựng luật, pháp lệnh năm 2018 và Quyết định số 792/QĐ-TTg ngày 28/6/2018 của Thủ tướng Chính phủ, Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư đã tổ chức thực hiện Dự án Luật Doanh nghiệp (sửa đổi). Dự thảo lần thứ ba của Luật cũng đã được được đăng tải và cập nhật trên Cổng thông tin điện tử của Chính phủ và Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư để lấy ý kiến của các đối tượng có liên quan. Cụ thể như: lấy ý kiến bằng văn bản của các Bộ, ngành, địa phương, doanh nghiệp, tổ chức hội thảo lấy ý kiến của các nhà khoa học, làm việc trực tiếp với một số Bộ, ngành, địa phương, doanh nghiệp về dự thảo Luật.
Bài viết này, Tác giả tập trung phân tích một số nội dung quy định về thành lập doanh nghiệp còn bất cập chưa phù hợp với thực tiễn. Đồng thời đưa ra những kiến nghị góp phần hoàn thiện hơn khung khổ pháp lý của Luật doanh nghiệp sủa đổi làm cơ sở điều chỉnh đáp ứng nhu cầu thành lập doanh nghiệp phục vụ tốt hơn hoạt động kinh doanh của các chủ thể kinh trong nền kinh tế thị trường nhiều thành phần theo định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa ở nước ta để cùng nhau trao đổi.
Persepsi Guru Tentang Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Blended Learning Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Fina Alfina Zaharra , Wagino Wagino 
Published: September 2021

Salah satu efek dari situasi pandemi covid-19 adalah penerapan model pembelajaran blended learning pada bidang pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana persepsi guru tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran blended learning yang baru dilaksanakan ditengah pandemi covid-19 di SMK Negeri 1 Padang dari faktor model pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, dan media pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi penelitian adalah 90 orang guru dan sampel penelitian 47 guru. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan Skala Likert. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan : 1) model pembelajaran blended learning berada pada kategori baik dengan tingkat capaian skor 4,35. 2) metode pembelajaran blended learning berada pada kategori baik dengan tingkat capaian skor 4,36. 3) media pembelajaran blended learning berada pada kategori baik dengan tingkat capaian skor 4,52. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi guru tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran Blended Learning ditengah pandemi Covid-19 di SMK Negeri 1 Padang berada pada kategori baik dengan tingkat capaian skor sebesar 4,41.
Pengembangan Job Sheet Pratikum Elektronika Daya
Authors: Laras Putri Sislia 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengembangan job sheet pembelajaran Elektronika Daya. Job sheet pembelajaran membantu mahasiswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Oleh karena itu, job sheet merupakan salah satu sarana pembelajaran yang sangat efektif yang berisi infrormasi/petunjuk untuk menyelesaikan pratikum dan mampu mengoptimalkan belajar secara mandiri bagi mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian untuk menghasilkan job sheet Elektronika Daya yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Tahap penelitian mengacu pada tahap metode Research & Development (R&D). Penelitian ini menggunakan model 4-D, (1) Pendefenisian (Define), (2) Perancangan (Design), (3) Pengembangan (Development), dan (4) Penyebaran (Disseminate). Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian dari pengembangan job sheet ini dinyatakan dengan kategori valid dengan memperoleh tingkat pencapaian 91.25%. Respon Dosen terhadap kepraktisan job sheet yaitu 98.18% dengan kategori sangat praktis sedangkan respon mahasiswa yaitu sebesar 90.95%. Secara keseluruhan rata-rata hasil belajar setelah pratikum menggunakan job sheet sebesar 100%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut job sheet dinyatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif digunakan pada pratikum elektronika daya
Kaitan Pelaksanaan Pengalaman Lapangan Industri terhadap Kesiapan Memasuki Dunia Kerja pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Otomotif
Authors: Ikwal Ahmad , Maksum Hasan , Sugiarto Toto 
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini membahas mengenai hubungan pelaksanaan pengalaman lapangan industri terhadap kesiapan memasuki dunia kerja pada mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Otomotif Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang. Kuesioner disebarkan pada responden dan kemudian diolah secara statistic untuk didapati korelasional antar data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pelaksanaan pengalaman lapangan industri terhadap kesiapan memasuki dunia kerja pada mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Otomotif FT-UNP, kemudian juga terungkap bahwa terdapat kontribusi pelaksanaan pengalaman lapangan industri terhadap kesiapan memasuki dunia kerja mahasiswa jurusan teknik otomotif ft-unp sebesar 68,6 %.
Seletividade alimentar em crianças e adolescente com transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: De Moraes Lilia Schug , Bubolz Vanessa Kern , Marques Anne y Castro , Borges Lucia Rota , Muniz Ludmila Correa , Bertacco Renata Torres Abib 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar a seletividade alimentar em crianças e adolescentes com otranstorno do espectro autista (TEA). Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com 73 crianças e adolescentes com TEA, assistidos em um centro educacional no município de Pelotas, RS. Os dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e de preferência alimentar foram coletados mediante anamnese, e as variáveis de seletividade alimentar foram apuradas através de um questionário, e confirmadas por meio da expressão de um ou mais domínios que compreende a seletividade: recusa alimentar, repertório limitado e alta frequência de um único alimento. Para avaliação da seletividade foi analisado um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e três Recordatórios de 24 horas. Resultados: Da amostra avaliada, houve uma prevalência do sexo masculino(91,8%), da cor branca (86,3%), com média de idade de 7,1 (± 3,88), e com excesso de peso (42,5%). Observou-se que a maioria (53,4%) da amostra possuía seletividade alimentar, caracterizada principalmente pela expressão de fatores e aspectos sensoriais com base no odor dos alimentos (56,4%), textura (53,9%), aparência (53,8%) e temperatura (51,3%). Conclusão: A maioria das crianças e adolescentes com TEA avaliados demonstraram seletividade alimentar, associada a fatores sensoriais.
Palavras-chave: Comportamento Alimentar. Consumo de Alimentos Criança. Adolescente. Transtorno do Espectro Autista.
Educação alimentar e nutricional no combate à obesidade infantil: visões do Brasil e do mundo.
Authors: Viveiros de Castro Mariana Almeida , De Lima Grazielle Corrêa , Pinto Belfort Araujo Gabriella 
Published: September 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão literária a respeito da importância da educação alimentar e nutricional no combate à obesidade infantil e investigar diferentes práticas em educação com resultados positivos ao redor do mundo. Consideramos os diversos fatores associados a obesidade infantil e a abordagem estratégica e multidisciplinar da educação alimentar e nutricional como forma de promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Buscaram-se artigos, estudos e documentos oficiais coletados dos bancos de dados da Literatura Latinoamericana e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed, SciELO no período de 2006 a 2020 que abordavam políticas públicas em educação nutricional no combate à obesidade infantil. Foram utilizadas as palavras chaves: educação alimentar e nutricional, educação alimentar, educação nutricional, obesidade infantil. Destacamos os resultados positivos encontrados de práticas em educação alimentar e nutricional no Brasil, Finlândia Japão e Austrália. Evidências demonstraram associação entre conhecimento nutricional com melhores práticas alimentares ressaltando a importância da educação alimentar e nutricional como importante estratégia para a promoção da saúde
Palavras-chave: Educação alimentar e nutricional. Educação alimentar. Educação nutricional. Obesidade infantil.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION ADVOCACY IN SOMALIA REPORT: GAPS, OPPORTUNITIES AND KEY MESSAGES
Authors: Ouma George , Mohamed Farah , Rithaa Gilbert , Hassan Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This inception report on the comprehensive assessment through desk reviews and analysis nutrition gaps in policy, political commitment, resource allocation and multi-sectoral coordination to inform the development of guideline and messages. This is as a follow-up of preliminary discussion held and concept agreed with the office of the national coordination for Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN), Somalia housed in the Office of Prime Minister (OPM), Federal Government of Somalia. This summary report presents findings from the assessment and a discussion of methodology, challenges and opportunities. By identifying and contextualizing new findings, nutrition advocacy assessment builds consensus in Somalia with a vision and path ahead for improved nutrition messaging and guidelines that various actors will use of advocacy work.
Methodology: 30 documents were gathered and reviewed, including - national legislation, policies, guidelines, strategies and action plans to assess the inclusion of adolescents and current gaps. Interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders from government, donors, UN, communities and non-governmental institutions in Somalia. The review, analysis and stakeholder interviews assessed the extent to which nutritional aspects were being addressed, any gaps in the policy landscape, commitments, multi-sectoral coordination, advocacy initiatives and recommendations for strengthening the enabling environment.
Findings: It was established that awareness of SUN as a movement in Somalia was rated highly at however participation in SUN activities was very low and was left to nutritionist in the various sector/Institutions. Government has also shown a great political will and commitment to nutrition by ensuring policies and legislative frameworks are sufficient even though multi-sectoral nutrition integration is not optimal to impact desired impact.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that there is need to advocate political and administrative authorities, to further convince them to add nutrition among the top priorities of the governments, translate policies into actions and ensure allocation of funds for nutrition interventions. Also, Government must strongly provide leadership in nutrition policy development, programing and coordination.
Situasi Rabies pada Anjing dan Kucing di Wilayah Layanan Balai Besar Veteriner Maros Tahun 2018
Authors: Sulaxono Hadi  , Ferra Hendrawati  , Ratna Loventa Sulaxono  
Published: September 2021

Rabies merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang masih terjadi pada beberapa propinsi di wilayah layanan Balai Besar Veteriner Maros. Beberapa kabupaten menunjukkan kasus yang meningkat dalam setahun. Pengujian terhadap sampel otak anjing dan kucing telah dilakukan menggunakan metode fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Sampel pengujian berasal dari kiriman dinas kabupaten/kota dan diambil di lapangan dari anjing dan kucing tersangka rabies saat pelayanan aktif. Sebanyak 559 sampel otak anjing dan kucing telah diuji dengan FAT tahun 2018, 45 sampel diantaranya berasal dari kucing. Kajian retrospektif ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui proporsi dan ratio hasil pengujian, distribusi dan frekuensi penyakit rabies. Sebanyak 285 sampel otak anjing dan kucing menunjukkan positif rabies dari 559 sampel yang diuji, atau proporsi uji rabiesnya sebesar 50,98%. Ratio uji FAT pada anjing dan kucing secara keseluruhan sebesar 51% positif rabies, 49% negatif rabies atau 1:1. Rabies pada tahun 2018 telah terjadi di 17 kabupaten/kota, dengan frekuensi tertinggi terjadi di Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Untuk rabies pada kucing di kabupaten Toraja Utara menunjukkan proporsi sebesar 28,89%, sedangkan pada anjing 55,33%. Rasio uji rabies pada kucing di kabupaten Toraja Utara, 29% positif FAT dan 71% negatif FAT atau 1:2,5, sedangkan pada anjing 55% positif FAT dan 45% negatif FAT atau 1,2:1. Berdasarkan data kasus bulanan rabies, rabies ditemukan tiap bulan dengan frekuensi tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Oktober.