bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation Victoria (GenV): protocol for a longitudinal birth cohort of Victorian children and their parents
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth K. , Siero William , Gülenç Alisha , Clifford Susan A. , Frugier Tony , Hall Simon M. , Mohal Jatender , North Kathryn , Zaritski Natasha , Goldfeld Sharon , Saffery Richard , Wake Melissa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
In a world confronted with new and connected challenges, novel strategies are needed to help children and adults achieve their full potential, to predict, prevent and treat disease, and to achieve equity in services and outcomes. Australia’s Generation Victoria (GenV) cohorts are designed for multi-pronged discovery (what could improve outcomes?) and intervention research (what actually works, how much and for whom?). Here, we describe the key features of its protocol.

Methods
GenV is a whole-population longitudinal platform open to all ≈150,000 children born within a two-year window and residing in the state of Victoria and their parents. GenV is guided by its 6 principles of Inclusivity, Collaboration, Sustainability, Enhancement, Systematised Processes and Value and enabled by large-scale biobanking, IT and novel high-throughput technology infrastructure. Successive recruitment phases were designed to maximise GenV’s inclusivity: (1) a smaller Advance Cohort from December 2020; (2) Newborn recruitment, with presence in 58 Victorian maternity services supporting face-to-face approach to parents of babies born 4 October 2021–3 October 2023; (3) Intensive remote recruitment to mid-2024 targeting those missed around birth; and (4) Ongoing indefinite enrolment of in-age children and their parents. Participants consent to universal (1) data linkage (e.g., state and federal physical and mental health, education, social, geospatial, ecological); (2) biosamples storage and use (e.g., residual clinical pregnancy and newborn screening, GenV-collected perinatal parent/infant saliva); (3) phenotypic and biosamples collection waves at child ages 6, 11 and 16 years, likely in schools and remotely for parents; and (4) opportunities for collaborative research integrated into GenV as a population registry (e.g., trials, natural experiments, depth subcohorts). Many participants supplement universal data with additional biosamples (e.g., infant stool, breast milk) and brief digital remote ‘GenV and Me’ assessments over the first 5 years. GenV will make all research data available, adhering to the principles of Open Science.

Discussion
Launched in the COVID-19 pandemic and committed to diversity and inclusivity, GenV’s parallel consented child and pre-midlife cohorts will be positioned to help address today’s pressing issues such as chronic mental and physical health conditions, inequity, public health crises such as pandemics, and climate harm.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05394363; retrospectively registered 23 May 2022 (8 months into recruitment).
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of a group of Egyptian dental students toward artificial intelligence: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elchaghaby Marwa , Wahby Reem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have increased dramatically across a wide range of domains. Dental students will undoubtedly be impacted by the emergence of AI in dentistry.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of a group of Egyptian dental students toward artificial intelligence.

Materials and method
An online survey was conducted using a questionnaire sent to dental students via Google Forms. The questionnaire comprised 18 questions on participant’s knowledge and perceptions regarding the future of AI in dentistry. The collected data was statistically analyzed.

Results
A total of 384 students answered the questionnaire. Of the participants, (49%) had a basic knowledge of the principles of AI, and (48%) participants were aware of AI usage in dentistry. Social media was the most common information source for AI applications. Most of the participants agreed on the leading role of AI in the advancement of dentistry and disagreed on the ability of AI to replace dentists in the future, (53%) and (44%) respectively. Moreover, (49%) and (52%) respectively of students approved the incorporation of AI applications in undergraduate and postgraduate dental training.

Conclusion
Egyptian dental students are acquainted with AI and its possible applications in dentistry. They consider the use of AI diagnosis exciting and approve of its definitive role in disease prediction. There is a necessity to include, enhance, and increase AI training in dental schools.

Trial registration
This study has been registered in clinical trials. gov with an identifier: NCT06348758.
Histological and radiographic assessment of the regenerative potential of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a novel direct pulp capping material in an animal model
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa Kamel , Abdelrahman Mohamed Abdelfattah , Abdel-Razik Abdel-Razik Hashem , Elheeny Ahmad Abdel Hamid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the histological and radiographic effects of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a direct pulp capping (DPC) agent in immature permanent dog premolars.

Methods
A split-mouth design was employed with three healthy 4-month-old Mongrel dogs, each having 36 premolars. The premolars were randomly assigned to either SHMP or MTA. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome, and histologically examined three months after the animals were sacrificed. To assess root maturity, radiographic changes in root length (RL), root surface area (RSA), and apical foramen width (AFW) were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Quantitative data were analyzed using the paired-sample t-test, while the qualitative data based on Stanley's histological scoring system were tested using the Monte Carlo exact test. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results
Histological findings showed no significant differences between the two groups, except for the average thickness of the predentin and odontoblastic layers, which was significantly higher in the SHMP specimens (P < 0.0001). The frequencies of fully calcified dentin bridges and regularly arranged dentinal tubules were significantly higher in the SHMP specimens (P < 0.05). Both materials showed comparable radiographic measurements (P > 0.05), except for the change in RL, which was significantly longer in the SHMP group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
There were no significant differences between SHMP and MTA in some respects. Histological evaluation showed that SHMP provided better bioinductive and biocompatible properties compared to MTA. Radiographically, both materials showed comparable root maturogenesis outcomes, except for the significant increase in RL in the SHMP group. SHMP may be a suitable alternative material for DPC in the treatment of immature permanent teeth.
Integration of physical and mental health services for children and young people with eating disorders and functional symptom disorders: discrete choice experiment
Authors: Massou Efthalia , Basher Mike , Bennett Sophie D. , Ford Tamsin , Gandhi Saheli , Heyman Isobel , Magnusson Josefine , Mehta Raj , Ng Pei Li , O’Curry Sara , Ramsay Angus I. G. , Fulop Naomi J. , Morris Stephen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Given the increasing recognition of the value of greater integration of physical and mental health services for children and young people, we aimed to evaluate preferences among parents for the characteristics associated with integrated health service provision for two conditions (eating disorders, functional symptom disorders).

Methods
Two discrete choice experiments (DCEs) were conducted, using electronic surveys. Participants were adult parents of children and young people. Choice scenarios were based on five attributes for the eating disorders study, and four attributes for the functional symptom disorders study.

Results
Two hundred parents participated in each DCE. For eating disorders, days missed from school in the last year was the attribute valued most highly, followed by days in hospital in the last year, costs to the NHS, functioning, and interaction with peers with eating disorders. Respondents were willing to trade £531 of costs to the NHS for one less day missed from school. For functional symptom disorders, time to diagnosis was valued most highly, followed by days missed from school while obtaining a diagnosis, reservations about seeing a mental health practitioner, and costs of diagnosis to the NHS. Respondents were willing to trade £4237 of costs to the NHS to wait one month less for a diagnosis.

Conclusion
Respondents’ preferences were largely consistent with the planned goals of integrating physical and mental health services. Our findings show the factors which ought to be considered when designing new integrated pathways and evaluating them.
Wu-Mei-Wan enhances brown adipose tissue function and white adipose browning in obese mice via upregulation of HSF1
Authors: Chen Shen , Nie Kexin , Wang Hongzhan , Gao Yang , Jiang Xinyue , Su Hao , Wang Zhi , Tang Yueheng , Lu Fuer , Dong Hui , Li Jingbin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
This research aims to explore the anti-obesity potential of Wu-Mei-Wan (WMW), particularly its effects on adipose tissue regulation in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The study focuses on understanding the role of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in mediating these effects.

Methods
HFD-induced obese mice were treated with WMW. Body weight, food intake, and histopathological analysis of adipose tissue were conducted. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity was evaluated using Positron Emission Tomography, and ultrastructural changes were examined via transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis identified targets of WMW in obesity treatment. HSF1 expression was inhibited to confirm its role. Molecular docking studied interactions between WMW and HSF1. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestines were measured to determine if WMW’s effects on HSF1 are mediated through SCFAs. Protein expression was assessed using western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were employed to detect the mRNA levels. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and non-parametric tests like the Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results
WMW significantly mitigates the adverse effects of a HFD on body weight and glucose metabolism in obese mice. Both low-dose WMW and high-dose WMW treatments led to reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance, with low-dose WMW showing more pronounced effects. WMW also reversed structural damage in BAT, enhancing mitochondrial integrity and thermogenic function, particularly at the low dose. Additionally, WMW treatment promoted the browning of WAT, evidenced by increased expression of key thermogenic proteins such as UCP1 and PGC-1α. The increase in HSF1 expression in both BAT and WAT, observed with WMW treatment, was crucial for these beneficial effects, as inhibition of HSF1 negated the positive outcomes. Furthermore, WMW treatment led to elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids SCFAs in the intestines, which are associated with increased HSF1 expression.

Conclusions
WMW represents a potent therapeutic strategy for obesity, promoting metabolic health and beneficial modulation of adipose tissue through an HSF1-dependent pathway.
Systematic review of the association between thyroid disorders and hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Khan Adeel Ahmad , Sharma Rohit , Ata Fateen , Khalil Sondos K , Aldien Arwa Saed , Hasnain Muhammad , Sadiq Amna , Bilal Ammara Bint I , Mirza Wasique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Thyroid disease (TD), particularly hypothyroidism, is an important etiology of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). We conducted a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of adults (> 18 years) with this clinical association.

Materials and methods
We searched PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE to find eligible articles published in English from any date till 15th December 2022.

Results
The final systematic review included 804 patients from 47 articles, of which the majority (85.9%) were females. Menstrual irregularity was the most prominent symptom of HPRL (74.3%). Subclinical hypothyroidism (57.1%) was the most reported TD. Individual patient data were available for 62 patients from 35 studies. The median age was 32 (25–42) years, TSH was 110.25 (50-345.4) mU/L, and PRL level was 60 (37.6–91) ng/ml. On treating TD, 38 (70.4%) patients had complete resolution and 10 (18.5%) had an improvement in HPRL. Of 38 patients with pituitary imaging, 26 (68.4%) showed pituitary enlargement, and 13 (34.2%) showed a suprasellar extension. 13 (76.5%) patients had complete resolution and 3 (17.6%) had an improvement in pituitary enlargement on TD treatment. A positive correlation was observed between higher serum TSH levels and higher serum prolactin levels. Patients with pituitary enlargement on imaging had a higher TSH level compared to those without any pituitary enlargement (Median of 263 (61–602) vs. 50 (24.3–128) mU/L; p-value = 0.01).

Conclusion
Thyroid hormone replacement can lead to resolution of HPRL and pituitary enlargement in the majority of patients with HPRL due to overt or subclinical hypothyroidism without the need for dopamine agonist treatment.
Application and progress of non-invasive imaging in predicting lung invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma under the new IASLC grading guidelines
Authors: Feng Jinbao , Shao Xiaonan , Gao Jianxiong , Ge Xinyu , Sun Yan , Shi Yunmei , Wang Yuetao , Niu Rong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (INMA) being the most common type and carrying a poor prognosis. In 2020, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) pathology committee proposed a new histological grading system, which offers more precise prognostic assessments by combining the proportions of major and high-grade histological patterns. Accurate identification of lung INMA grading is crucial for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis evaluation. Currently, non-invasive imaging methods (such as CT, PET/CT, and MRI) are increasingly being studied to predict the new grading of lung INMA, showing promising application prospects. This review outlines the establishment and prognostic efficiency of the new IASLC grading system, highlights the application and latest progress of non-invasive imaging techniques in predicting lung INMA grading, and discusses their role in personalized treatment of lung INMA and future research directions.

Critical relevance statement
The new IASLC grading system has important prognostic implications for patients with lung invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (INMA), and non-invasive imaging methods can be used to predict it, thereby improving patient prognoses.

Key Points

The new IASLC grading system more accurately prognosticates for patients with lung INMA.

Preoperative prediction of the new grading is challenging because of the complexity of INMA subtypes.

It is feasible to apply non-invasive imaging methods to predict the new IASLC grading system.

Graphical Abstract
Glutathione reductase modulates endogenous oxidative stress and affects growth and virulence in Avibacterium paragallinarum
Authors: Zhi Yan , Mei Chen , Liu Zhenyi , Liu Ying , Wang Hongjun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlutathione reductase (GR) plays a pivotal role in managing oxidative stress, a process crucial for microbial virulence and adaptation, yet it has not been extensively explored in bacteria such as Avibacterium paragallinarum (Av. paragallinarum). This study examined the specific roles of GR in Av. paragallinarum, focusing on how GR modulates the bacterium’s response to oxidative stress and impacts its pathogenic behavior. Using gene knockouts together with transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we identified an important shift in redox balance due to GR deficiency, which disrupted energy metabolism and weakened the oxidative stress defense, culminating in a notable decline in virulence. In addition, decreased growth rates, reduced biofilm production, and weakened macrophage interactions were observed in GR-deficient strains. Notably, our findings reveal a sophisticated adaptation mechanism wherein the bacterium recalibrated its metabolic pathways in response to GR deficiency without fully restoring virulence. Our in vivo studies further highlight the pivotal role of GR in pathogen fitness. Together, our findings connect GR-mediated redox control to bacterial virulence, thereby furthering the understanding of microbial adaptation and positioning GR as a potential antimicrobial target. Our insights into the GR-centric regulatory network pave the way for leveraging bacterial redox mechanisms in the development of novel antimicrobial therapies, highlighting the importance of oxidative stress management in bacterial pathogenicity.
Building bonds beyond the office: how company community sports (CCS) foster organizational integration
Authors: Zhang Fan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs remote and flexible work becomes increasingly prevalent, the importance of building bonds among coworkers is emphasized. Beyond health considerations, the role of company community sports (CCS) in fostering integration at the group and organizational levels remains unclear, especially for underrepresented employees. This study investigates the impact of CCS participation on employees' internal group and external organizational integration using data from 12 organizations (N = 2018; Age = 30.8 ± 8.4 years; Female = 47.6%). Social integration was measured through workplace trust, organizational identification, and coworker interaction. The organizational settings and participation quality of CCS were examined to analyze their effect on integration. The results indicate that frequent and high-quality participation in CCS significantly enhances both internal group integration and external organizational integration, while CCS professionalism and intense competition have very little effect on the overall effects. However, female employees experienced lower integration levels, highlighting the need for inclusive CCS initiatives. CCS activities should cater to the diverse interests and capabilities of all employees to promote greater participation and ensure inclusivity for underrepresented groups.
Laparoscopic and Endoscopic cooperative surgery as Rescue-treatment for Advanced gastric Cancer in patients Unfit for Surgery (LE-RACUS): protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Maltzman Henrik , Omae Masami , Klevebro Fredrik , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Rouvelas Ioannis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer without metastasis is gastrectomy in combination with chemotherapy. Some patients cannot tolerate such treatment because of old age or comorbidities. In this study, we want to test the feasibility of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery (LECS) as a less invasive treatment option. In LECS, the tumor margin is marked endoscopically, followed by surgical removal under endoscopic guidance. Currently, LECS is primarily used in Asian countries as a treatment for gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors.

Methods
The study will be conducted as a prospective single-center, feasibility trial. The primary objective will be the safety of LECS, defined as Clavien-Dindo score ≥ III. The secondary objectives will be any complications, postoperative bleeding/perforation, operation time, radicality, mortality, hospital stay, and health-related quality of life.
The inclusion criteria will be patients with gastric cancer cT2-T4aN0M0, Borrman type 1–2 < 5 cm, or type 3 < 2 cm that the tumor board assesses as not fit for gastrectomy. Exclusion criteria will be Borrman type 4 and lesions in the cardia. The patients will be followed up with an outpatient appointment 30 days after the procedure.

Discussion
LECS is a promising treatment option for patients with gastric cancer who cannot tolerate gastrectomy. Compared to gastrectomy, LECS is a less invasive procedure with a documented low complication rate. No previous prospective studies have been conducted to evaluate LECS for advanced gastric cancer.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06105515. Registered 23 October 2023.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06105515?cond=Gastric%20Cancer&term=NCT06105515&aggFilters=status:not%20rec&rank=1
Spatially ordered recruitment of fast muscles in accordance with movement strengths in larval zebrafish
Authors: Shimizu Sayaka , Katayama Taisei , Nishiumi Nozomi , Tanimoto Masashi , Kimura Yukiko , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn vertebrates, skeletal muscle comprises fast and slow fibers. Slow and fast muscle cells in fish are spatially segregated; slow muscle cells are located only in a superficial region, and comprise a small fraction of the total muscle cell mass. Slow muscles support low-speed, low-force movements, while fast muscles are responsible for high-speed, high-force movements. However, speed and strength of movement are not binary states, but rather fall on a continuum. This raises the question of whether any recruitment patterns exist within fast muscles, which constitute the majority of muscle cell mass. In the present study, we investigated activation patterns of trunk fast muscles during movements of varying speeds and strengths using larval zebrafish. We employed two complementary methods: calcium imaging and electrophysiology. The results obtained from both methods supported the conclusion that there are spatially-ordered recruitment patterns in fast muscle cells. During weaker/slower movements, only the lateral portion of fast muscle cells is recruited. As the speed or strength of the movements increases, more fast muscle cells are recruited in a spatially-ordered manner, progressively from lateral to medial. We also conducted anatomical studies to examine muscle fiber size. The results of those experiments indicated that muscle fiber size increases systematically from lateral to medial. Therefore, the spatially ordered recruitment of fast muscle fibers, progressing from lateral to medial, correlates with an increase in fiber size. These findings provide significant insights into the organization and function of fast muscles in larval zebrafish, illustrating how spatial recruitment and fiber size interact to optimize movement performance.
Uprooting, removing and relocating populations: The role and significance of internal displacement in the syrian regime’s integrated military–political war strategy
Authors: Bakkour Samer , Sahtout Rama 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInternational actors have only relatively recently recognized that internal displacement is a strategy, as well as a consequence, of violent conflict, and the subject accordingly continues to give rise to a host of misinterpretations and misunderstandings, including the tendency to view it as a protection challenge, which persists despite the fact that state actors, as the supposed protectors, are also invariably the main perpetrators of displacement. This article seeks to explore and establish the ‘place’ of internal displacement in the Syrian Regime’s political and military strategy in Assad’s ongoing war on the Syrian people. It draws on an emerging literature on displacement, along with a range of reports on the Regime’s internal displacement activities in the Civil War, to propose that it needs to be engaged and understood as a rational strategy that is being applied to alter existing demographic realities. After zooming in to focus on strategic displacement in particular, it seeks to demonstrate that displacement should not just be understood in terms of its military significance, but also as a mechanism that the Regime uses to reconfigure and rearrange existing political and social realities.