bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of perioperative dextrose infusion on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Ruiming , Huang Guiming , Liu Wenwen , Liu Xiaocheng 
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to systematically examine the literature and assess the effects of perioperative dextrose infusion on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients following laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the prevention of PONV with perioperative intravenous dextrose. Studies listed in PUBMED, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases published up to December 2020 were identified. Data were extracted and analyzed independently using a fixed-effects or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity. Results Six RCTs involving 526 patients were included. Our results showed that perioperative dextrose infusion not only reduced the incidence of PONV (risk ratio [RR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–0.95; I2 = 59%) but also decreased the requirement for antiemetics compared with the control (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42–0.66; I2 = 32%). Furthermore, perioperative glucose infusion did not increase blood glucose levels compared with the control (mean difference [95% CI] = 74.55 [−20.64 to 169.73] mg/dL; I2 = 100%). Conclusion Our study reveals that perioperative dextrose infusion may reduce the risk of PONV after laparoscopic surgery. However, additional population-based RCTs are needed to confirm this finding.
PARK7/DJ-1 inhibition decreases invasion and proliferation of uveal melanoma cells
Authors: Lago-Baameiro Nerea , Santiago-Varela Maria , Camino Tamara , Silva-Rodríguez Paula , Bande Manuel , Blanco-Teijeiro Maria Jose , Pardo Maria , Piñeiro Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: PARK7/DJ-1 is an oncogene that is associated with tumorigenesis in many cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of DJ-1 in the origin and development of uveal melanoma (UM). We present an analysis of the role of the DJ-1 protein in UM cells, especially in its effect on proliferation and migration. Methods: UM cells from a primary tumor, Mel 270, and its liver metastasis, OMM2.5, were transfected with lentiviral-delivered shRNA against PARK7/DJ-1. Evaluation of cell migration and proliferation was performed using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA). The effect of DJ-1 inhibition on the PTEN-Akt signaling pathway was also studied by immunoblotting. Results: The silencing of PARK7/DJ-1 oncoprotein expression produced a significant decrease of phosphorylated Akt (S473) in Mel270 and in metastatic OMM2.5 UM cells with no alteration on tumor suppressor PTEN expression. The diminution of PARK7/DJ-1 expression significantly inhibited real-time proliferation and invasion of Mel270 and OMM2.5 and the invasion potential of the metastatic cells. Conclusion: DJ-1 appears to play a key role on the PTEN/Akt pathway in UM. DJ-1 inhibition appears to have a negative effect on proliferation and invasion of UM cells. This suggests DJ-1 as a potential therapeutic target in UM.
Maternal Common Cold or Fever During Pregnancy and the Risk of Orofacial Clefts in the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Fang-ping , Huang Ying-ying , Dai Qiao-qun , Chen Yu-lu , Jiang Hai-yin , Liang Si-Yuan 
Published: December 2021

The common cold and/or an associated fever during pregnancy have/has been suspected to harm the developing fetus. We sought possible correlations between a maternal common cold or fever during pregnancy and the risk of orofacial clefts in the offspring.We systematically searched PubMed and Embase using appropriate keywords, and we checked the reference lists of retrieved articles. We used random-effects models to estimate overall relative risks.Incidence of orofacial clefts.We included 13 case-control studies. Modest but statistically significant associations were found between a maternal common cold and cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL/CP) (odds ratio [OR] 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66–2.83) and a cleft palate only (CPO) (OR 3.08; 95% CI 1.5–6.34). Furthermore, maternal fever was also associated with an increased risk of CL/CP (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.3–2.8) and CPO (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.83–2.63) in the offspring. Further analyses of maternal influenza (alone) yielded similar results.Although evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, our findings suggest that maternal common cold or fever during pregnancy may be associated with a greater risk of CL/CP or CPO in the offspring. Future cohort studies using valid assessments of maternal common cold exposure during pregnancy that consider the severity of fever are needed to clarify the contribution of maternal common cold or fever status to the risk of orofacial clefts in children.
Continuous administration of voriconazole enhances therapeutic effect for recalcitrant fungal keratitis
Authors: Liang Weiyan , Liu Chang , Zhang Xiansen , Li Ling , Dou Zexia , Li Dandan , Li Xinxin , Wu Bowen , Wang Mingwu , Li Shaowei 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic effect of incorporating continuous administration of voriconazole in the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis. Methods In this prospective case study, 5 consecutive patients (5 eyes) with fungal keratitis were treated with a standard protocol after the failing maximal conventional medical treatment. The protocol involved continuous lavage of the ulcer with 1% voriconazole through an irrigator for 2 h, twice a day, combined with local and systemic antifungals. Visual acuity, slit lamp findings of the ulcer, and fungal hyphae density by confocal microscope were documented, respectively. Results In 4 patients, the clinical symptoms and slit lamp examination were significantly improved after only 3 days of treatment. The hyphae were shown to decrease in number and morphologically fragmented in corneal stroma by confocal microscopy. After the infection was controlled, 2 cases required further keratoplasty. In one case, the treatment was deemed ineffective and a conjunctival flap had to be created to help control the infection. In all 5 patients, the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity had improved after treatment. With more than 3 months of follow-up, no recurrence of infection was seen in any cases. Conclusion Our treatment protocol demonstrated improvement in the treatment of clinically resistant fungal keratitis. Continuous lavage of voriconazole is easy to be implemented and well-tolerated by patients. Modification of the current protocol should be further explored to optimize the therapeutic effectiveness in future.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Conventional Radiotherapy Induce Cytoskeleton Extension and Enlargement of Cell Morphology in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lu Yanwei , Qin Zhiquan , Guo Haiwei , Chen Wenjuan , Ding Ting , Tang Jianming , Zhang Haibo 
Published: December 2021

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is now widely used in cancer therapy. However, the biological effects of SBRT compared with conventional radiotherapy (CRT) are not clear. The cytoskeleton plays an important role in many biological processes and cellular life activities. The effects of SBRT or CRT on the morphology and cytoskeletal structure of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells remain unknown. Based on the biologically equivalent dose (BED) formula, we designed SBRT and CRT fractionation regimens with the same BED. The morphology was captured during radiation, and rhodamine-phalloidin immunofluorescence was used to study the cytoskeleton. A lactate dehydrogenase assay kit was used to determine the cell membrane permeability, and western blot was used to detect the cytoskeleton protein expression levels. The morphology and cytoskeleton expanded after SBRT or CRT, with an increase in cell membrane permeability and stable cytoskeleton protein levels. Besides, different dose of SBRT (10,20,30 Gy) induce similar morphology and cytoskeleton enlargement. Our findings indicate that SBRT and CRT can induce cytoskeleton reorganization and the enlargement of cell morphology (at different rates) in NSCLC. The morphology and cytoskeleton enlargement after SBRT are dose independence.
Protocol for a Qualitative Study: Exploring Loneliness and Social Isolation in Emerging Adulthood (ELSIE)
Authors: Creaven Ann-Marie , Kirwan Emma , Burns Annette , O’Súilleabháin Páraic S. 
Published: December 2021

Background: This article describes a protocol for a qualitative study to explore experiences and views and experiences of loneliness and social isolation in young adults, in Ireland. Methods: A youth Research Advisory Group will be consulted on the development of study materials. Our data collection methods will be guided by participant preferences, with potential participants choosing between virtual interviews, focus groups, and an online survey including the open-ended questions contained in the interview/focus group schedule. The data will be analyzed using framework analysis. Discussion: This protocol highlights methodological considerations relevant to a qualitative research study co-designed with young adults. Study findings will be relevant to mental health policy makers and other stakeholders involved in youth mental health.
UK Stroke Supplement: 001 – High Scoring Oral Presentation – Swallowing and Nutrition: SWALLOWING THERAPY FOR DYSPHAGIA IN ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE STROKE (COCHRANE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW)
Authors: Wilkinson G. , Benfield J. , Bath P. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Swallowing difficulties (oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD)) are common post-stroke but there is no specific guidance on treatment. We have updated the 2018 Cochrane review of dysphagia interventions to explore whether there is evidence of a significant benefit from OD interventions on swallowing impairment. Methods RCT’s of patients with a new onset of OD after stroke published before January 2021 were included. Results were screened and analysed by two independent researchers. Trials were divided to specific intervention types and data was analysed against 8 outcomes, the primary outcome being swallowing impairment (SI). Results 83 additional trials were analysed producing a review to a total of 129 trials. Three interventions were associated with reductions in outcomes: Acupuncture: SI (SMD −0.94 [95% CI−1.25,−0.63], p < 0.0001); dysphagia (OR 0.41 [95% CI 0.33, 0.49], p < 0.0001); and penetration aspiration scale score (PAS) (MD −0.68 [95% CI −1.17, −0.19], p = 0.006). Behavioural therapy: SI (SMD −0.88 95% CI −1.28, −0.48], p < 0.0001); dysphagia (OR 0.41 [95% CI 0.29, 0.59], p < 0.0001); PAS (MD −0.77 [95% CI −1.11, −0.42], p < 0.0001); and chest infection/pneumonia (OR 0.43 [0.25, 0.74], p = 0.002). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES): SI (SMD −0.96 95% CI −1.38, −0.54], p < 0.0001) and dysphagia (OR 0.39 [95% CI 0.27, 0.56], p < 0.0001). The limited number of trials precluded comment on other interventions included within the review. Heterogeneity of trials ranged from mild-significant. Conclusions Low-to-moderate quality evidence from small-moderate sized trials suggest that Acupuncture, Behavioural and NMES interventions reduce swallowing impairment after stroke. Large, high-quality trials are needed to test whether specific interventions are effective.
Predicting metacarpal length using paired ratios with bilateral X-ray films
Authors: Foley David P , Cox Cameron T , Foley Allison S , Nisbet Rebecka J , Kharbat Abdurrahman F , MacKay Brendan J 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: When the metacarpal bones sustain severe osseous injury requiring reconstruction, functional recovery relies on the precise distribution of tension throughout full range of motion. While the small scale of hand structures compounds the effects of altering normal anatomy, literature lacks consensus recommendations for the acceptable degree of length alteration and/or appropriate methods of length estimation in reconstructive procedures. Length asymmetry has been reported in human metacarpal bones; however, studies assessing this phenomenon in living subjects with attention to functional implications or length prediction are lacking. Methods: Hand X-rays were obtained for 34 patients aged 25–80 without history of metacarpal trauma, joint degeneration, or pathologic bone metabolism. A scaled bivariate model predicted metacarpal length using an ipsilateral paired metacarpal and matching contralateral ratio: Estimate_Dx_R = Median_Dy_R * (Median_Dx_L/Median_Dy_L). A second set of predictions used the contralateral metacarpal as a control. Pearson correlation coefficients, paired t-tests, and chi-square tests evaluated the symmetry between bilateral metacarpal lengths and paired metacarpal ratios as well as the accuracy of each predictive method. Results: The contralateral control and target metacarpal differed significantly in digits 1, 2, 3, and 5. No significant difference in matched metacarpal ratios of the right and left hands was found. For all digits except 5D, bivariate model predictions generated were more strongly correlated with actual target length. Chi-square tests did not detect a significant difference in predictive value of the two models. Conclusion: The scaled bivariate model we describe may be useful and economic in generating accurate length estimates of metacarpals for reconstructive procedures.
Effect of Streptococcus mutans on surface-topography, microhardness, and mechanical properties of contemporary resin composites
Authors: Rios-Madrigal América Monserrat , Orea-Vega Dulce Carolina , Vega-González Marina , Espinosa-Cristóbal León Francisco , Arenas-Arrocena Ma. Concepción , Castro-Ruiz Jesus Eduardo , Correa-Prado Rodrigo , Domínguez-Pérez Rubén Abraham 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Dental caries is the most prevalent disease globally, and Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) is a common associated oral bacteria. Additionally, S. mutans possess esterase activity capable of degrading resin composites (RC). However, the effect of degradation on the physical-mechanical properties of the RC has not been extensively studied. We evaluated the flexure strength (FS), the diametral tensile strength (DTS), the modulus of elasticity (ME), and the microhardness of three contemporary RC to establish if S. mutans could affect them. Methods: One hundred thirty-eight bar-shaped and 276 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated with Enamel Plus HRi, IPS Empress Direct, and Clearfil AP-X, and physical-mechanical testing was done after been incubated during 30 and 60 days in culture media with or without S. mutans. Also, a scanning electron microscope was used to identify surface changes. Results: None of the tested RC were affected in their mechanical properties (FS, ME, and DTS). However, Clearfil AP-X and Enamel Plus HRI showed eroded surfaces and a decreased microhardness after 30 and 60 days S. mutans incubation. IPS Empress Direct presented the lowest values in all the tests, but its physical-mechanical features and surface were not affected by bacteria’s exposure. Conclusions: Exposure to S. mutans could affect some contemporary RC; however, the effect seems superficial since its mechanical features were not affected.
Potential anti-tumor activity of 13.56 MHz alternating magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy on the induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 by up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins
Authors: Jahangiri Saba , Khoei Samideh , Khoee Sepideh , Safa Majid , Shirvalilou Sakine , Pirhajati Mahabadi Vahid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of chemo-magnetic hyperthermia (MH), a combination of alternating magnetic field (AMF) and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with Polyethylene glycol-Poly(butyl acrylate)-Polyethylene glycol (PEG-PBA-PEG) carrying 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), at inducing apoptosis in the human cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116. This process can be mediated by alterations in the expression of apoptotic effector proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. For this purpose, the cells were cultured as monolayers. Then both cell lines were treated with 5-Fu/magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic hyperthermia. Finally, the effect of treatment on cancer cells was determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry.ResultsOur results showed that combined chemo-magnetic thermotherapy significantly increased the apoptosis in colon cancer cells compared to chemotherapy or hyperthermia alone (P < 0.05). Up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins was indicative of apoptosis induction in cancer cells, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that localized hyperthermia was able to significantly trigger the 5-Fu release and inhibit cell viability, which, due to the synchronization of hyperthermia and chemotherapy, exacerbated the damage of cancer cells.Graphical Abstract
Concept recognition as a machine translation problem
Authors: Boguslav Mayla R. , Hailu Negacy D. , Bada Michael , Baumgartner William A. , Hunter Lawrence E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutomated assignment of specific ontology concepts to mentions in text is a critical task in biomedical natural language processing, and the subject of many open shared tasks. Although the current state of the art involves the use of neural network language models as a post-processing step, the very large number of ontology classes to be recognized and the limited amount of gold-standard training data has impeded the creation of end-to-end systems based entirely on machine learning. Recently, Hailu et al. recast the concept recognition problem as a type of machine translation and demonstrated that sequence-to-sequence machine learning models have the potential to outperform multi-class classification approaches.MethodsWe systematically characterize the factors that contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of several approaches to sequence-to-sequence machine learning through extensive studies of alternative methods and hyperparameter selections. We not only identify the best-performing systems and parameters across a wide variety of ontologies but also provide insights into the widely varying resource requirements and hyperparameter robustness of alternative approaches. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of such systems suggest promising avenues for future improvements as well as design choices that can increase computational efficiency with small costs in performance.ResultsBidirectional encoder representations from transformers for biomedical text mining (BioBERT) for span detection along with the open-source toolkit for neural machine translation (OpenNMT) for concept normalization achieve state-of-the-art performance for most ontologies annotated in the CRAFT Corpus. This approach uses substantially fewer computational resources, including hardware, memory, and time than several alternative approaches.ConclusionsMachine translation is a promising avenue for fully machine-learning-based concept recognition that achieves state-of-the-art results on the CRAFT Corpus, evaluated via a direct comparison to previous results from the 2019 CRAFT shared task. Experiments illuminating the reasons for the surprisingly good performance of sequence-to-sequence methods targeting ontology identifiers suggest that further progress may be possible by mapping to alternative target concept representations. All code and models can be found at:https://github.com/UCDenver-ccp/Concept-Recognition-as-Translation.
Characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels with low oxygenated blood and blood pressure (Pulmonary trunk): role of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15)
Authors: Bonaterra G. A. , Struck N. , Zuegel S. , Schwarz A. , Mey L. , Schwarzbach H. , Strelau J. , Kinscherf R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is linked to inflammation, cancer, and atherosclerosis. GDF-15 is expressed in most tissues but is extremely induced under pathological conditions. Elevated serum levels are suggested as a risk factor and a marker for cardiovascular diseases. However, the cellular sources and the effects of GDF-15 on the cardiovascular system have not been completely elucidated including progression, and morphology of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the influence of GDF-15 deficiency on the morphology of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels with low-oxygen blood and low blood pressure as the pulmonary trunk (PT), in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice.

Methods
GDF-15−/− ApoE−/− mice were generated by crossbreeding of ApoE−/−- and GDF-15−/− mice. After feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet (CED) for 20 weeks, samples of the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) and PT were dissected and lumen stenosis (LS) was measured. Furthermore, changes in the cellularity of the PT, amounts of apoptosis-, autophagy-, inflammation- and proliferation-relevant proteins were immunohisto-morphometrically analyzed. Additionally, we examined an atherosclerotic plaque in a human post mortem sample of the pulmonary artery.

Results
After CED the body weight of GDF-15−/−ApoE−/− was 22.9% higher than ApoE−/−. Double knockout mice showed also an 35.3% increase of plasma triglyceride levels, whereas plasma cholesterol was similar in both genotypes. LS in the BT and PT of GDF-15−/−ApoE−/− mice was significantly reduced by 19.0% and by 6.7% compared to ApoE−/−. Comparing LS in PT and BT of the same genotype revealed a significant 38.8% (ApoE−/−) or 26.4% (GDF-15−/−ApoE−/−) lower LS in the PT. Immunohistomorphometry of atherosclerotic lesions in PT of GDF-15−/−ApoE−/− revealed significantly increased levels (39.8% and 7.3%) of CD68 + macrophages (MΦ) and α-actin + smooth muscle cells than in ApoE−/−. The density of TUNEL + , apoptotic cells was significantly (32.9%) higher in plaques of PT of GDF-15−/−ApoE−/− than in ApoE−/−. Analysis of atherosclerotic lesion of a human pulmonary artery showed sm-α-actin, CD68+, TUNEL+, Ki67+, and APG5L/ATG+ cells as observed in PT. COX-2+ and IL-6+ immunoreactivities were predominantly located in endothelial cells and subendothelial space. In BT and PT of GDF15−/−ApoE−/− mice the necrotic area was 10% and 6.5% lower than in ApoE−/−. In BT and PT of GDF15−/−ApoE−/− we found 40% and 57% less unstable plaques than ApoE−/− mice.

Conclusions
Atherosclerotic lesions occur in both, BT and PT, however, the size is smaller in PT, possibly due to the effect of the low-oxygen blood and/or lower blood pressure. GDF-15 is involved in atherosclerotic processes in BT and PT, although different mechanisms (e.g. apoptosis) in these two vessels seem to exist.