bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatically adaptive stabilized finite elements and continuation analysis for compaction banding in geomaterials
Authors: Cier Roberto J. , Poulet Thomas , Rojas Sergio , Veveakis Manolis , Calo Victor M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnder compressive creep, viscoplastic solids experiencing internal mass transfer processes can accommodate singular cnoidal wave solutions as material instabilities at the stationary wave limit. These instabilities appear when the loading rate is significantly faster than the material's capacity to diffusive internal perturbations, leading to localized failure features (e.g., cracks and compaction bands). These cnoidal waves, generally found in fluids, have strong nonlinearities that produce periodic patterns. Due to the singular nature of the solutions, the applicability of the theory is currently limited. Additionally, practical simulation tools require proper regularization to overcome the challenges that singularity induces. We focus on the numerical treatment of the governing equation using a nonlinear approach building on a recent adaptive stabilized finite element method. This automatic refinement method provides an error estimate that drives mesh adaptivity, a crucial feature for the problem at hand. We compare the performance of this adaptive strategy against analytical and standard finite element solutions. We then investigate the sensitivity of the diffusivity ratio, the parameter controlling the process, and identify multiple possible solutions with several stress peaks. Finally, we show the evolution of the spacing between peaks for all solutions as a function of that parameter.
Effect of ultrasonication and fiber treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose fiber nano‐biocomposite film
Authors: Somvanshi Kritika Singh , Gope Prakash Chandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, due to increased awareness and push toward more environmentally sustainable technology, nanocomposite materials obtained from natural and renewable resources have received significant interest. Nanofibrous composite thin film consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan, and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from sugarcane bagasse were prepared by solution casting method and ultrasonic processing. The dispersion of nanofiller in a solution is obtained by energetic agitation using the method of sonication, which resulted in improved mechanical properties. The results showed that an appropriate sonication time (30 min) with 40 wt% of bagasse cellulose nanofibers improved the film performance significantly as compared to other weight percentages of nanocellulose. The performance of the films containing different weight percentages of bagasse nanocellulose was comprehensively investigated in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. The highest mechanical strength of 80.47 MPa is recorded with treated CNF as compared to 70.13 MPa for untreated CNF. Thermal degradation of antibacterial PVA/CNF film was evaluated by thermogravimetric (TG%) values. The weight loss occurred at three temperature ranges, that is, 80–130, 250–350, and 380–430°C. The three spectrums reveal loss in water content, thermal deprivation of polymer chain, and detachment of bonds into molecules. Moreover, the homogeneous dispersion resulted due to the sonication process which was studied using scanning electron micrographs. Furthermore, the developed film exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and can be used in various applications in the field of agriculture and food packaging.
Online self‐presentation and identity development: The moderating effect of neuroticism
Authors: Kawamoto Tetsuya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing social media, which provides ways to socialize and present oneself, has become normal for young people. Although previous research shows that self‐presentation via social media is associated with a sense of identity, little attention has been given to the association with identity‐development processes. Therefore, the present study examined these associations while controlling for offline self‐presentation and tested the potential moderating effect of neuroticism. A sample of 647 Japanese young adults (401 women; Mean age = 22.70; SD age = 3.25) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire, including measures of identity‐development processes, online and offline self‐presentation, and neuroticism. A correlation analysis revealed that identity‐development processes were associated with online surface‐level self‐presentation (SSP) but not online inner‐level self‐presentation (ISP). Further, a moderated regression analysis indicated that the negative associations between online ISP and identity processes were only found among those high in neuroticism. The results of this study suggest that neuroticism may produce variations in young people's identity development.
The role of infant and early childhood mental health consultation in reducing racial and gender relational and discipline disparities between Black and white preschoolers
Authors: Shivers Eva M. , Faragó Flóra , Gal‐Szabo Diana E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents findings from an Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (IECMHC) initiative in Arizona called Smart Support. The IECMHC used an early childhood mental health consultation model as an early childhood education intervention to address the needs of preschoolers with challenging behaviors. Disparities in teacher‐child relationships and discipline are some of the most persistent racial disparities impacting young Black children. The goal of IECMHC is to facilitate teachers' skills to respond to challenging child behavior and to shift teachers' internal representations of young children. This study is one of the first to link a statewide IECMHC intervention to the analysis of racial and gender teacher‐child relational and discipline disparities. Multilevel growth analyses examined whether child scores at baseline and growth over time differed as a function of child race and gender. At baseline, Black children, compared to white peers, and Black boys, compared to white boys, had higher teacher‐child conflict scores. These scores decreased more strongly over the course of IECMHC such that Black children's outcomes surpassed those of white peers by the end of consultation. A trend was also seen for the reduction of Black boys' preschool expulsion risk, although this trend was only marginally significant.
Substituent effects of fused Hammick silylenes via density functional theory survey
Authors: Heravi Mohammad Reza Poor , Habibzadeh Sepideh , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Nezhad Parvaneh Delir Kheirollahi , Vessally Esmail 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe compared and contrasted the substituent effects on ΔΕs‐t (singlet‐triplet energy difference), band gap (ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO), aromaticity, atomic polar tensor (APT) charge distribution and reactivity of 54 singlet and triplet fused Hammick silylenes derived from silabenzopyridine‐4‐ylidene (1s‐27s, and 1t‐27t), and the synthesized dialkylsilylene by Kira, respectively. In this investigation we found the following: (1) The most and the least thermodynamic stability compared to Kira's silylene is demonstrated by fusion of two thiophene rings in para‐position and two phosphole rings in ortho‐position, respectively (ΔΕs‐t = 331.0 and 115.1 vs. 138.6 kJ/mol, respectively). (2) Although fusion of benzene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and phosphole ring kinetically stabilizes the corresponding silylenes, fusion of pyridine and phosphinine ring destabilizes their silylenes versus the isolated silylene's Kira (with the range of ΔEHOMO‐LUMO from 312.8 to 410.2 vs. 351.7 kJ/mol). (3) The trend of substituent effects per number and size of rings is two five‐membered rings > one five‐membered rings > one six‐membered rings > two six‐membered rings. (4) Almost all cases, singlet Hammick silylenes reveal greater nucleophilicity, lesser electrophilicity, lower chemical potential, and greater global hardness than the scrutinized silylene by Kira. (5) We are waiting for experimental testing and verifications that place the heteroatom in the silapyridine's plane in a favorable spatial position to act not only as π electron donor but also acceptor of σ electron density.
Factors governing the affinity and selectivity of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the HDAC8 enzyme active site: Implications for anticancer therapy
Authors: Toshev Nikolay , Cheshmedzhieva Diana , Dudev Todor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDisruptions in post‐translational modifications of chromatin structure promote uncontrollable cell growth branded as a hallmark of tumor lesions. The overexpression/hyperactivity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is a common feature for the tumorogenesis and cancer progression. Several inhibitors of histone deacetylases (mainly hydroxamic acid derivatives) have been successfully used as drugs in fighting tumor formations. However, there is no systematic study on the factors controlling the affinity and selectivity of this type of inhibitors to the host enzyme thus hampering successful rational design of more potent and selective anticancer drugs. Herein, in an attempt to unravel the mechanism of the host–guest interactions in these systems at atomic level, we systematically study the effect of various factors in the process and elucidate its key determinants. Density functional theory calculations have been employed. Our findings have the potential to be employed as guidelines in designing new HDAC inhibitors with improved anticancer properties.
Conflicting demands, coping, and adjustment: A grounded theory to understand rehabilitation processes in long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Hiltrop Kati , Heidkamp Paula , Breidenbach Clara , Kowalski Christoph , Streibelt Marco , Ernstmann Nicole 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores rehabilitation processes in long‐term cancer survivors (CSs) and explains the causes, contexts, and consequences under which decisions related to rehabilitation are made.MethodsWithin the mixed‐methods Breast Cancer Patients' Return to Work (B‐CARE) project, conducted from 2018–2020, data were collected through a written survey and semi‐structured interviews with CSs 5–6 years after their diagnosis. In total, 184 female CSs participated in the survey, and 26 were interviewed. A qualitative grounded theory approach was applied.ResultsThe 26 interviewees were 57 years old on average, 70% were married, and 65% had children. The participants experienced incompatibilities caused by the cancer disease in their areas of life and the demands that arose from it. To reconcile demands from the areas family, work, leisure time, household, and disease, the interviewed CSs used different coping mechanisms and adjusted their lives by prioritizing certain areas as a consequence. This prioritizing was often to the detriment of work and rehabilitation. Furthermore, it worked as a barrier for participation in rehabilitation programs and explains why CSs experienced job changes after their return to work.ConclusionsPhysical and mental long‐term effects were observed in the interviewees' lives 5–6 years into survival. The study results stress the importance of individualized and needs‐oriented survivorship care.
During the COVID‐19 pandemic where has respiratory syncytial virus gone?
Authors: Di Mattia Greta , Nenna Raffaella , Mancino Enrica , Rizzo Valentina , Pierangeli Alessandra , Villani Alberto , Midulla Fabio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe diffusion of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and the implementation of restrictive measures led to a drastic reduction of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) diffusion. Few RSV cases have been detected worldwide, even after the removal of the restrictions. We review the current literature and present possible explanations on why there has been a significant reduction of RSV detection during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also hypothesize what may happen when RSV begins to circulate again. The increase of an immunologically naïve population, with infants born from mothers who have not reinforced their immunity to RSV, could lead to greater RSV epidemics in the coming seasons. It is crucial to prepare the scientific community and to keep RSV surveillance active to avoid dramatic consequences.
Cuticle thickening associated with fenitrothion and imidacloprid resistance and influence of voltage‐gated sodium channel mutations on pyrethroid resistance in the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus
Authors: Soh Li‐Shen , Veera Singham G 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), are now widely regarded as important public health pests following their rapid global resurgence, largely due to insecticide resistance and an increased rate of global travel. The insecticide resistance mechanisms are well documented in C. lectularius, however, only one mechanism is validated in C. hemipterus thus far. This demands further understanding on the resistance mechanisms involved in C. hemipterus.ResultsHere, we identified differences in resistance to fenitrothion (organophosphate) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) related cuticle thickness in C. hemipterus. There is evidence of a possible association between cuticle thickness and resistance, but the association can be tenuous, likely because resistance is multifactorial in C. hemipterus. We also discovered a novel T1011 residue in domain IIS6 of the voltage‐gated sodium channel that likely enhanced susceptibility to deltamethrin (pyrethroid) despite the presence of a L1014F mutation known to confer pyrethroid resistance in C. hemipterus. Our findings also confirmed that the M918I mutation enhanced resistance to pyrethroid when present with the L1014F mutation, which was consistent with a super‐kdr phenotype, as reported previously. Multiple resistance mechanisms can be found within a single C. hemipterus population, and the presence of both M918I + L1014F mutations likely masked the influence of cuticle thickness in conferring resistance against deltamethrin. The elevated metabolic enzyme activities in some strains were not necessarily associated with increased insecticide resistance.ConclusionThis study has enhanced our understanding on the penetration resistance mechanism and target site insensitivity of sodium channels in C. hemipterus.
Heavy versus extreme rainfall events in southeast Australia
Authors: Warren Robert A. , Jakob Christian , Hitchcock Stacey M. , White Bethan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFocussing on the major cities of Brisbane, Sydney, and Melbourne in southeast Australia, this study seeks to determine the environmental factors that distinguish between heavy rainfall events (HREs) and extreme rainfall events (EREs). Using daily rain gauge observations, HREs and EREs are defined for each domain based, respectively, on the 95th and 99th percentiles of wet‐day rainfall for the period 1979–2018. K‐means clustering is applied to mean sea‐level pressure, data from ERA5 to obtain a set of representative large‐scale circulation patterns associated with these events. Composite synoptic maps, mean vertical profiles, and a series of column‐integrated diagnostics are then examined for each cluster and used to compare the environmental characteristics of HREs and EREs. For all three cities, HREs are associated with an upper‐level trough to the west, with large‐scale ascent, positive column water vapour (CWV) anomalies, and strong moisture transport over the analysis domain. For Brisbane and Sydney, the clusters are characterised by a coastal trough/low with moist onshore flow from the Tasman and Coral Seas. For Melbourne, circulation patterns are more distinct, with clusters characterised by a front, a cut‐off low, and an inland trough. Compared with HREs, EREs show a more amplified upper‐level trough, with stronger vertical motion and larger CWV anomalies over the analysis domain. In Brisbane and Sydney, EREs also feature stronger and deeper onshore flow, promoting enhanced moisture transport. A diagnostic termed upward vapour transport, which combines the key ingredients of high CWV and large‐scale ascent, is shown to discriminate well between HREs and EREs in all three domains. In contrast, surface temperature, which is frequently linked to rainfall extremes via Clausius–Clapeyron scaling, shows significant overlap between the different event categories, particularly for Brisbane and Sydney.
Predictability of moisture flux anomalies indicating central European extreme precipitation events
Authors: Gvoždíková Blanka , Müller Miloslav 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForecasting heavy precipitation has an important role in mitigating floods and associated hazards, but it remains one of the main challenges in operational meteorology. Our previous study confirmed the close connection between large‐scale extreme precipitation events and anomalous moisture fluxes in central Europe. In this study, we introduce a variable accounting for the accumulated ascending moisture flux, which could potentially support extreme precipitation event forecasts. The variable reflects the total amount of transported water vapour in combination with extra high upward vertical velocity, which are important factors required for extreme precipitation occurrence. Looking at ERA‐Interim forecasts, we aim to determine a practical predictability and forecast skill of accumulated ascending moisture flux and compare it with the forecast skill of precipitation. While the predictability of moisture flux itself is satisfactory, generally less accurate forecasts of the vertical velocity negatively affect the predictability of accumulated ascending moisture flux, especially in the case of summer precipitation events with prevailing northern moisture flux. Nevertheless, the forecast of the proposed variable was adequate and stable up to 6 days in advance in all cases of maximum events that produced major central European summer floods. There were no such stable forecasts for less extreme events or false‐alarm precipitation extremes. Thus, we hypothesize that the calculation of the accumulated ascending moisture flux from numerical weather prediction could be useful as a supporting tool in extreme precipitation warnings in central Europe.
Habitat occupancy by semi‐aquatic reptiles on an aridity gradient in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Escoriza Daniel , Pascual Guillem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influence of aquatic and riparian habitats on the composition of the local herpetofauna has not been studied extensively. We used redundancy analysis and multivariate ordination methods to evaluate the occurrence of semi‐aquatic reptiles in south‐eastern France, the Iberian Peninsula, and Morocco where the climate transitions from humid temperate to subtropical desert. All the semi‐aquatic reptile species present in this region were studied, including two native turtles (Emys orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa), three native snakes (Natrix astreptophora, N. helvetica, and N. maura), and one introduced turtle (Trachemys scripta). We hypothesized that these species will vary in their responses to differences in the composition of riparian habitats (vegetative community and relative proportion of trees, shrubs, grasses, water and bare ground surface) along the aridity gradient in the region. We found that the habitat niche marginality and niche breadth varied widely across species and climatic regions, although most of the species display a greater habitat niche breadth in the transitional semi‐arid belt. Mauremys leprosa and N. maura were the more generalist species, occupying a wide range of freshwater habitats, including streams associated with impoverished vegetation communities, characteristic of the arid southern Mediterranean region.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease: The role of emotional stress and social isolation
Authors: Nass Boukje Yentl Sundari , Dibbets Pauline , Markus C. Rob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic health condition exacerbated by negative emotional stress experiences. In the current study, we examined whether the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic coincided with an increase in stress experiences and accordingly an aggravation of disease activity in IBD patients. Sixty‐three IBD patients (30 Crohn's disease or CD, 33 ulcerative colitis) completed an online survey during the COVID‐19‐related lockdown, assessing clinical disease activity, disease‐related quality of life, presence of functional gastrointestinal symptoms, social isolation and stress experiences. Scores were then compared to pre‐lockdown baseline screening. The pandemic yielded a significant baseline‐to‐lockdown increase in emotional stress and social isolation. Stress increments, particularly those occasioned by interpersonal tension and excessive interpersonal proximity, were associated with a worsening of functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Exacerbations of loneliness coincided with an escalation of CD activity, functional gastrointestinal symptoms and a decline in subjective health. Lastly, COVID‐19 anxiety was significantly related to CD symptom severity and social dysfunction. The findings show that shifts in IBD expression are closely linked to changes in emotional stress experiences and interpersonal relatedness. As such, they contribute to a better understanding of inter‐individual differences in IBD progression and provide leads for therapeutic interventions.
Nanoconfinement Effect for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Analysis and Sensing
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Lin , Li Zhishang , Zhang Qi , Li Yanbin , Ying Yibin , Fu Yingchun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to the urgent need for electrochemical analysis and sensing of trace target molecules in various fields such as medical diagnosis, agriculture and food safety, and environmental monitoring, signal amplification is key to promoting analysis and sensing performance. The nanoconfinement effect, derived from nanoconfined spaces and interfaces with sizes approaching those of target molecules, has witnessed rapid development for ultra‐sensitive analyzing and sensing. In this review, the two main types of nanoconfinement systems – confined nanochannels and planes – are assessed and recent progress is highlighted. The merits of each nanoconfinement system, the nanoconfinement effect mechanisms, and applications for electrochemical analysis and sensing are summarized and discussed. This review aims to help deepen the understanding of nanoconfinement devices and their effects in order to develop new analysis and sensing applications for researchers in various fields.