bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric-based cooling system for high-speed motorized spindle II: Optimization and validation strategy
Authors: Kai-Guo Fan , Xu Rongfei , Wang Ruoda , Gao Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the development of motorized spindle, the cooling effect and the distribution of cooling capacity become the crucial problem of cooling system. An optimization method for ThermoElectric-based Cooling System (TECS) is proposed based on the conservation of energy to distribute the cooling capacity. The main strategy of the proposed optimization method is to make the cold and heat input at different regions of the spindle sleeve equal in real-time through optimizing the contact area between the Heat Conduction Sleeve (HCS) and spindle sleeve. The numerical simulation and thermal characteristics experiments are carried to verify the effect of the proposed optimization method and the TECS. The simulation and experimental results show that the maximum temperature rise and thermal elongation of the TECS-based motorized spindle are reduced 56.7% and 58.6% compared with water-cooled motorized spindle, and the temperature distribution of the spindle sleeve is more uniform. It is meaningful to improve the accuracy of motorized spindle.
Evaluation and comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of snail mucus of Egyptian Eremina desertorum and Helix aspersa with novel approach of their anti-inflammatory and wound healing potencies
Authors: EL-Zawawy Nessma A. , Mona Mahy M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Snail mucus is composed of bioactive compounds thought to have different biological properties for the treatment of some skin problems. Although Helix aspersa mucus is used in several cosmetic products, a detailed characterization of Eremina desertorum mucus composition and its biological activities is still missing. Mucus extracts (MEs) from H. aspersa and E. desertorum were prepared and tested for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities with their potencies in wound healing. Also, chemical characterization is done by GC-MS analysis. Results showed that ME of E. desertorum gave higher inhibitory activity against resistant strains related to burn wound infections compared to ME of H. aspersa. Also, it revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, we found that ME of E. desertorum lacked cytotoxicity and was able to significantly induce cell proliferation and migration through up-regulation expression of TGFβ1 and VEGF genes. Our results suggested that MEs of E. desertorum have higher biological effects compared to H. aspersa, which are attributable to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities, cell proliferation and pave the way for further investigating its potential effect as a human therapeutic agent.
Gene-regulatory network study of rheumatoid arthritis in single-cell chromatin landscapes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Zhang Cantong , Hong Xiaoping , Yu Haiyan , Wu Hongwei , Xu Huixuan , Qiu Xiaofen , Cai Wanxia , Hocher Berthold , Dai Weier , Tang Donge , Liu Dongzhou , Dai Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease with an elusive etiology. Assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with single-cell sequencing (scATAC-seq) contribute to the progress in epigenetic studies. However, the impact of epigenetic technology on autoimmune diseases has not been objectively analyzed. Therefore, scATAC-seq was performed to generate a high-resolution map of accessible loci in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA patients at the single-cell level. The purpose of our project was to discover the transcription factors (TFs) that were involved in the pathogenesis of RA at single-cell resolution. In our research, we obtained 22 accessible chromatin patterns. Then, 10 key TFs were involved in the RA pathogenesis by regulating the activity of MAP kinase. Consequently, two genes (PTPRC, SPAG9) regulated by 10 key TFs were found that may be associated with RA disease pathogenesis and these TFs were obviously enriched in RA patients (p<0.05, FC>1.2). With further qPCR validation on PTPRC and SPAG9 in monocytes, we found differential expression of these two genes, which were regulated by eight TFs (ZNF384, HNF1B, DMRTA2, MEF2A, NFE2L1, CREB3L4 (var. 2), FOSL2::JUNB (var. 2), MEF2B). What is more, the eight TFs showed highly accessible binding sites in RA patients. These findings demonstrate the value of using scATAC-seq to reveal transcriptional regulatory variation in RA-derived PBMCs, providing insights on therapy from an epigenetic perspective.
A High Accurate Machine Learning Meta-Strategy for the Prediction of Intrinsically Disorder Proteins
Authors: Hu Chengbin , Qin Yiru , Ye Chuan , Jin Jiao , Zhou Ting , He Zhixu , Shu Liping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Many proteins or partial regions of proteins do not have stable and well-defined three-dimensional structures in vitro. Understanding Intrinsically Disorder Proteins (IDPs) is significant for interpreting biological function as well as studying many diseases. Although more than 70 disorder predictors have been invented, many existing predictors are limited on the characteristics of proteins and do not have very high accuracy. Therefore, it is critical to formulate new strategies on disorder protein prediction. Results: Here, we propose a machine learning meta-strategy to improve the accuracy of disordered proteins and disordered regions prediction. We first use logistic forward parameter selection to select eight most significant predictors from the current available IDP predictors. Then we design a novel meta-strategy using several machine learning models, including Decision-tree based algorithm, Naive Bayes, Random forest, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). By applying different strategies, the results suggest Random forest can improve the predicted single amino acid accuracy significantly to 93.35%. Using the combination vector data of eight most significant predictors as input, the Convolution Neural Network can improve the whole protein prediction to 95.62%. Conclusion: According to the performance of our machine learning meta-strategy, the Random forest and CNN models can improve the accuracy to predict IDPs.
An analysis of interdecadal variations in the perturbational feedback parameter based on a MIROC6 piControl simulation
Authors: Tsuchida Ko , Mochizuki Takashi , Kawamura Ryuichi , Kawano Tetsuya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The climate feedback parameter is a useful indicator for estimating climate sensitivity relating to anthropogenic forcing. This study defines a new feedback parameter, the Perturbational Feedback Parameter (PFP), and the impacts of internally-generated climate variations are clarified using the MIROC piControl simulation. PFP values are found to vary significantly on interdecadal timescales. The equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) has a positive anomaly in the eastern Pacific and a negative anomaly in the western Pacific, and the thermocline tilts more gently than usual when the PFP is large. The statistical properties of the interannual fluctuations also simultaneously vary, and they correspond to the background state. For example, there is an increase in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude relative to the global mean surface temperature rise, and the equatorial high SST more effectively contributes to the southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In addition, a decadal fluctuation that dominates over the extratropical northern Pacific also plays an important role in PFP variations. These fluctuations on broad timescales cooperatively induce increases in lower clouds within the subtropics by strengthening the descending flow and static stability, and the consequential net downward radiation flux change through increases in reflection enhances the PFP. In summary, internal changes in both tropical and extratropical variability corresponding to the background state control the strength of the climate feedback on interdecadal timescales.
Urban Resilience Assessment Using Hybrid MCDM Model Based on DEMATEL-ANP Method (DANP)
Authors: Jamali Azadeh , Robati Maryam , Nikoomaram Hanieh , Farsad Forogh , Aghamohammadi Hossein 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In fact, the views of world communities have shifted from a focus on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience in the event of a crisis. The present study used GIS-based DANP model to investigate the resilience of Tehran districts to hazards. First, the influencing criteria on resilience were selected in four dimensions using Delphi method. Then, a DEMATEL model followed by an ANP were applied to define the internal relationship between the criteria. Next, the GIS overlay was performed to give visual outputs. DEMATEL results showed that disasters and natural hazards in the environmental dimension, urban infrastructure in the physical dimension, and employment rate in the socio-economic dimension were the most important criteria which affected urban resilience. Additionally, 54.7% of the total urban area was categorized in very-low to moderate resilience classes, needing serious attention. This study provides fresh insights for urban planners to know the cause-and-effect relations between dimensions and criteria, to best deal with the resilience.
Frequency of Herpes Virus (HSV) in Esophageal Muscle Samples among Patients with Achalasia under Heller Myotomy
Authors: Jouzdani Tahmaseb , Sadeghi Amir , Tahmasbi Hamed , Shekouhi Ramin , Sohooli Maryam , Kamani Freshteh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite years of research, the etiology of achalasia not well understood. Scientists suppose a role for autoimmunity, in this disorder, and probable viral agent, such as herpes virus (HSV). The aim was to find out the frequency of HSV in esophageal muscle samples in patients with achalasia under Heller's myotomy.
Methods

In this study, 60 patients with achalasia, after fulfilling the consent form, were underwent Heller’s myotomy surgery. Biopsy samples prepared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for HSV DNA detection. After DNA-extraction, replication performed using specific primers.
Results

The mean age was 40.62 ± 5.08 years. Thirty-nine patients (65%) were female and 21 (35%) were male. Thirty-eight (63.3%) had no history but the else (36.7%) had a positive history of HSV. HSV-1 was positive in three patients (5%). Two females and one male were HSV-positive.
Conclusions

HSV-1 frequency is not notable among Iranian patients with achalasia. We suggest exploring other viruses, in special that involving the pathogenesis of achalasia, with a larger sample size.
Empowerment of Social Capital Based on Religion to Espouse Employee Work Ethics at Al-Azhar Foundation Jakarta
Authors: Sarji Sarji , Wibowo Ardianto Bayu 
Published: September 2021

Trust is the essence of social capital. The Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School Foundation (YPI) as an educational institution requires trust to survive and develop until now. As a religion-based foundation, the work ethic of employees is expected to be able to follow the religious norms that have been established so as to become a character for the institution. This research uses descriptive and exploratory approaches so that the researcher can clearly describe the concepts used in this research in detail. While the data was collected through observation and interviews from supervisors, administrators, supervisors, teachers, employees, alumni and the parents of YPI Al-Azhar. The results showed that employees and teachers at work prioritized service and honor than indicators of worship and trust. Employees at work are generally still transactional and pragmatic. So that the religious socio-religious capital, grace and sincerity that were imparted and inherited by the founders of Al-Azhar have not yet become the soul of the employees at work. Kepercayaan merupakan inti dari modal sosial. Yayasan Pesantren Islam (YPI) Al- Azhar sebagai lembaga pendidikan memerlukan kepercayaan untuk bertahan dan berkembang hingga saat ini. Sebagai yayasan yang berlandaskan agama, maka etos kerja karyawan diharapkan dapat mengikuti Norma agama yang sudah ditetapkan agar menjadi karakter bagi lembaga tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan eksploratif agar peneliti dapat menggambarkan dengan jelas konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini secara rinci. Sedangkan data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara dari pembina, pengurus, pengawas, guru, karyawan, alumni dan serta orangtua murid YPI Al-Azhar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para karyawan dan guru dalam bekerja lebih mendahulukan pelayanan dan kehormatan dibandingkan indikator ibadah dan amanah. Karyawan dalam bekerja pada umumnya masih bersifat transaksional dan pragmatis. Sehingga modal sosial religious, keikhlasan, ketulusan yang disemaikan dan diwariskan oleh para pendiri Al-azhar belum dapat menjadi jiwa dari para pegawai dalam bekerja.
Flood routing via a copula-based approach
Authors: Nazeri Tahroudi Mohammad , Ramezani Yousef , De Michele Carlo , Mirabbasi Rasoul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Floods are among the most common natural disasters that if not controlled may cause severe damage and high costs. Flood control and management can be done using structural measures that should be designed based on the flood design studies. The simulation of outflow hydrograph using inflow hydrograph can provide useful information. In this study, a copula-based approach was applied to simulate the outflow hydrograph of various floods, including the Wilson River flood, the River Wye flood and the Karun River flood. In this regard, two-dimensional copula functions and their conditional density were used. The results of evaluating the dependence structure of the studied variables (inflow and outflow hydrographs) using Kendall's tau confirmed the applicability of copula functions for bivariate modeling of inflow and outflow hydrographs. The simulation results were evaluated using the root-mean-square error, the sum of squared errors and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE). The results showed that the copula-based approach has high performance. In general, the copula-based approach has been able to simulate the peak flow and the rising and falling limbs of the outflow hydrographs well. Also, all simulated data are at the 95% confidence interval. The NSE values for the copula-based approach are 0.99 for all three case studies. According to NSE values and violin plots, it can be seen that the performance of the copula-based approach in simulating the outflow hydrograph in all three case studies is acceptable and shows a good performance.
Predicting water quality trends resulting from forest cover change in an agriculturally dominated river basin in Eastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Noteboom M. , Seidou O. , Lapen D. R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Agricultural extensification and forest cover loss can significantly impact aquatic ecosystems. This study considered the conversion of forests to agriculture (and vice versa) in an agriculturally dominated watershed in Eastern Ontario, Canada. A series of de- and reforestation scenarios were developed, and water quantity/quality simulations were executed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) using 30 years of real-world weather observations. Results indicated that streamflow and sediment loads were not sensitive to forest loss, while continuing the recent rate of deforestation of 0.8% (0.2% of the watershed area) per year would, by 2032, increase annual loads of nitrate by 5.6%, total nitrogen by 1.5%, and total phosphorus by 6.8%. Additionally, the same land-use scenarios were simulated with the inclusion of vegetated filter strips (VFS) and grassed waterways. Some reforestation scenarios were sufficient to reduce total nitrogen concentrations below water quality guidelines, particularly under the combined effect of VFSs along all river reaches. However, meeting water quality guidelines for total phosphorus concentrations requires additional management practices beyond those simulated here.
Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking: Discovering Novel c-KIT
Inhibitors
Authors: Tavares Fernanda Mello , Gomes Angela Cristina , Assunção Edson Mareco , de Medeiros João Luiz Sobral , Scotti Marcus T. , Scotti Luciana , Ishiki Hamilton Mitsugu 
Published: September 2021

:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are unusual cancers which begin in specialized cells in the gastrointestinal tract wall. Various strategies involving single-agents, combinations, and rapid complementary inhibitor cycling are now being used to control such tumors. Based on promising early clinical trial experience, certain novel KIT, and PDGFRA tyrosine kinase inhibitors have begun advanced clinical development. Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors has brought immense difficulties, with patients now requiring additional therapeutic options. This review describes and discusses the last five years (2016-2020) in developing novel c-KIT kinase inhibitors using virtual screening and docking approaches. Computational techniques can be used to complement experimental studies to identify new candidate molecules for therapeutic use. Molecular modeling strategies allow analysis of the required characteristics that compounds must have to effectively bind c-KIT. Through such analyses, it is possible to both discover and design novel inhibitors against cancer-related proteins that play a critical role in tumor development (including of mutant strains). Docking showed potential in the detection of the key residues responsible for ligand recognition and are very helpful to understand the interactions in the active site that can be used to develop new compounds/classes of anticancer drugs and help millions of cancer patients.
The Role of Kallikrein 7 in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Xiang Fengyi , Wang Yueqing , Cao Chunyu , Li Qingyun , Deng Hao , Zheng Jun , Liu Xiaowen , Tan Xiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:Kallikrein 7 (KLK7) is a secreted serine protease with chymotrypsic protease activity. Abnormally high expression of KLK7 is closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of cancer. Therefore, KLK7 has been identified as a potential target for cancer drug development design in recent years. KLK7 mediates various biological and pathological processes in tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell metabolism, by hydrolyzing a series of substrates such as membrane proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and cytokines. This review mainly introduces the downstream cell signaling pathways involved in the activation of KLK7 and its substrate-related proteins. This review will not only help us to better understand the mechanisms of KLK7 in regulating biological and pathological processes of cancer cells but also lay a solid foundation for the design of inhibitors targeting KLK7.
Histone Deacetylases and their Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Therapy:
Current Evidence and Future Considerations
Authors: Garmpis Nikolaos , Damaskos Christos , Garmpi Anna , Nonni Afroditi , Georgakopoulou Vasiliki E. , Antoniou Efstathios , Schizas Dimitrios , Sarantis Panagiotis , Patsouras Alexandros , Syllaios Athanasios , Vallilas Christos , Koustas Evangelos , Kontzoglou Konstantinos , Trakas Nikolaos , Dimitroulis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises a heterogeneous group of gastrointestinal
tract tumors. It is a multifactorial disease, and a plethora of distinct factors are involved in
its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. The development of CRC is not limited to genetic
changes, but epigenetic and environmental factors are also involved. Among the epigenetic
factors, histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of epigenetic enzymes that regulate
gene expression, have been reported to be over-expressed in CRC. HDACs and their inhibitors
seem to play an important role in the molecular pathophysiology of CRC. The
aim of this review was to define the role of HDAC inhibitors as potential anticancer
agents against CRC.
Exploring the Potential of Molecular Spectroscopy for the Detection of
Post-translational Modifications of a Stressed Biopharmaceutical Protein
Authors: Corujo Marco P. , Lindo Vivian , Chmel Nikola , Rodger Alison 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Proteins are biomolecules that consist of sequences of amino acids (primary
structure) which can further interact and cause the backbone to fold into more complex arrangements
(secondary and tertiary structures). Any chemical alterations of the molecules after the
translation of the messenger RNA code into a protein primary sequence are known as posttranslational
modifications (PTMs). PTMs may affect the protein’s functionality; thus it is necessary
to identify them. PTMs of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industry include deamidation,
oxidation, deglycosylation and isomerization, which may occur due to environmental stressors.
However, they have proved challenging to identify quickly. Electronic and vibrational spectroscopies
have proved valuable tools for studying higher-order structure and stability of proteins.

Materials & Methods:
In this work, circular dichroism (CD), infrared absorbance (IR) and Raman
spectroscopies were applied to characterize antibody (mAb NIP 228) PTMs as a result of
different stressors. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the identity of modifications including
the targeted ones. Room temperature CD showed that the secondary structure was the same after
all treatments, and temperature-controlled CD showed how protein stability was affected by modifications.
Both Raman and IR analysis detected small differences between the reference and
deglycosylated proteins, and clearly indicated the presence of other PTMs.

Conclusion:
This work required some novel computational approaches to pre-process Raman and
IR spectra and a review of the band assignments for proteins existing in the literature.
LED Light Sources in Organic Synthesis: An Entry to a Novel Approach
Authors: Das Aparna 
Published: September 2021

:
In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally
friendly, and sustainable technology. Compared to other light sources in photochemical reaction,
LEDs have advantages in terms of efficiency, power, compatibility, and environmentally friendly
nature. This review highlights the most recent advances in LED-induced photochemical reactions. The
effect of white and blue LEDs in reactions such as oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, isomerization,
and sensitization is discussed in detail. No other reviews have been published on the importance of
white and blue LED sources in the photocatalysis of organic compounds. Considering all the facts, this
review is highly significant and timely.
Thiol-Lactam Initiated Radical Polymerization (TLIRP): Scope and
Application for the Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Jin Yongcan , Zinck Philippe , Xiao Huining 
Published: September 2021

:
Controlled polymerization techniques make the possible fabrication of polymers with desired
molecular weights, narrow dispersity, and tailor-making of advanced hybrid materials. Thiol-
Lactam Initiated Radical Polymerization (TLIRP) was introduced in 2002 and developed during the
last two decades. The thiol/lactam combination enables one to generate radicals that can initiate the
polymerization of vinyl-based monomers. The study of the mechanism and kinetics of TLIRP revealed
the characteristics of living polymerization for TLIRP. Moreover, TLIRP has been used successfully
for the synthesis of homopolymers, block copolymers, and statistical copolymers with polydispersity
below 2.0. Especially, TLIRP provides a very straightforward method for grafting polymer brushes on
the surface of nanoparticles. We review herein the systems developed for TLIRP and their applications
for macromolecular engineering, emphasizing the surface functionalization of nanoparticles via the
grafting-from approach.