bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite/Alkali Cellulose as an Effective Magnetic Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Charradi Khaled , Ahmed Zakarya , Moussa Mohamed , Beji Zyed , Brahmia Ameni , Othman Israa , Haija Mohammad Abu , Chtourou Radhouane , Keshk Sherif 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The spinel zinc ferrite/alkali cellulose composite has been successfully fabricated as a magnetic photocatalyst and assessed for its photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), BET, and zeta potential were used to evaluate the magnetic photocatalyst composite and investigate its adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior of the composite was studied under various conditions. The ZnFe2O4/alkali cellulose composite effectively degraded (100%) MB after 180 min at a pH of 6.5 compared to cellulose, alkali cellulose and ZnFe2O4. The regeneration of the loaded composite was studied using the alcohol/water solution and reused upon a certain variation in the efficiency after the fourth cycle. The adsorption process was found to be consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Comparative Population Genetics of Two Korean Aedes Mosquito Species with Vector Potential based on&nbsp;Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Shin Jiyeong , Jung Jongwoo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are important invasive species contributing to the spread of chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and other dangerous vector-borne diseases. Aedes albopictus is native to southeast Asia with rapid expansion due to human activity, showing a wide distribution in the Korean peninsula. Aedes flavopictus is considered to be native to East Asia with a broad distribution in the region, including in the Korean peninsula. Gaining a better understanding of the genetic diversity of these species is critical for establishing strategies for disease prevention and vector control. Methods: We obtained DNA from 148 specimens of Ae. albopictus and 166 specimens of Ae. flavopictus in Korea, and amplified two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND5) to compare the genetic diversity and structure of the two species.Results: We obtained a 658-bp sequence of COI and a 423-bp sequence of ND5 from the two mosquito species. We found low diversity and an insignificant population genetic structure in Ae. albopictus, and high diversity and an insignificant structure in Ae. flavopictus for these two mitochondrial genes. Ae. albopictus had less haplotypes with respect to the number of individuals, and a slight mismatch distribution was confirmed. By contrast, Ae. flavopictus had a large number of haplotypes compared with the number of individuals, and a large unimodal-type mismatch distribution was confirmed. Although the genetic structure of both species was insignificant, Ae. flavopictus exhibited higher genetic diversity than Ae. albopictus.Conclusions: Ae. albopictus appears to be an introduced species, whereas Ae. flavopictus is an endemic species to the Korean peninsula, and the difference in genetic diversity between the two species is related to their adaptability and introduction history. As an endemic species, Ae. flavopictus is likely to have a larger population size than expected. Further studies on the genetic structure and diversity of these two mosquito species will provide useful data for vector control.
Metagenomic Insights Into Ecological and Phylogenetic Significances of Candidatus Natranaeroarchaeales, a Novel Abundant Archaeal Order in Soda Lake Sediment
Authors: Zhou Heng , Zhao Dahe , Zhang Shengjie , Xue Qiong , Zhang Manqi , Yu Haiying , Zhou Jian , Li Ming , Xiang Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundArchaea were originally discovered in extreme environments, and thrive in many extreme habitats including soda lakes with high pH and salinity. Characteristic and diverse archaeal community played a significant role in biogeochemical cycles; however, the archaeal community and their functions are still less-studied in the intricate sediment of soda lakes. ResultsIn this article, the archaeal community of the deep sediment (40-50 cm depth) of five artificially-separated ponds with a salinity range from 7.0% to 33.0% in a soda saline lake was systematically surveyed using culture-independent metagenomics combined with the next-generation sequencing of the archaeal 16S rRNA amplicons. Nine archaeal phyla were detected, which accounted for 2.2% to 35.73% of microbial community in the five deep sediments. Besides the well-known class Halobacteria, one novel archaeal order (Candidatus Natranaeroarchaeales) of the class Thermoplasmata was even more abundant than Halobacteria in some deep sediment samples. Of 69 dereplicated archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 30 MAGs belonged to Ca. Natranaeroarchaeales. Different genera of the Ca. Natranaeroarchaeales preferred to inhabit in the different salinities, and the divergent halophilic adaptation strategies (salt-out or salt-in) suggested the fast evolution adaptation within this lineage. Most high-quality MAGs had the genes of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, organic acid fermentation and sulfur respiration, suggesting the putative functions in carbon fixation and sulfur reduction. Interestingly, heterodisulfide reductase and F420-non-reducing hydrogenase complex HdrABC-MvhADG were widely distributed in Ca. Natranaeroarchaeales and may play the core roles in energy metabolism from hydrogen. The regeneration of CoM-S-S-CoB was coupled to succinate or 2-oxoglutarate production in Ca. Natranaeroarchaeales instead of methanogenesis in the close related Methanomassiliicoccales. It suggested that methyl-coenzyme M reductase in Methanomassiliicoccales may be laterally transferred from other methanogens. ConclusionA novel archaeal order Ca. Natranaeroarchaeales of Thermoplasmata was found by culture-independent approaches. This order was the most abundant archaeal lineage in the deep sediment of soda lakes, with the characteristic environmental adaptation and biogeochemical potentials in carbon fixation and sulfur reduction. The difference in fermentation products coupled to energy metabolism between methanogens and Ca. Natranaeroarchaeales provided additional insights into the origination of methanogenesis in Thermoplasmata from the energy metabolism perspective.
Evaluation of the adhesion of pregnant women to intermittent presumptive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in a rural area of Gabon.
Authors: Mirembou-Boukoumba Fleuramie , Maghendji-Nzondo Sydney , Matsiegui Pierre Blaise , Pegha-Moukandja Irene , Mendene-Abessolo Davy Tanguy , Lekana-Douki Jean Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Gestational malaria remains one of the most complex forms of malaria. To fight it, several African countries adopted intermittent presumptive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) and the use of preventive measures such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), indoor residual sprays (IRS) and popular education on good practices to fight against malaria. In Gabon a country of central Africa, no study has investigated the use of IPT-SP in rural areas since its implementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion level of pregnant women to IPT-SP, coverage of ITNs and IRS, and knowledge on the good practices about malaria in a rural area of Gabon. Using a questionnaire, we led a retrospective study including pregnant women from January 5th 2016 to January 31st 2018 and a cross-sectional survey including women seen for antenatal care and all febrile patients in consultation from February 2nd to May 31st 2018. Malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnostic tests. Statistical analyses were done. Results: We included 607 pregnant women before their delivery. Women between 20 and 25 years old were the most prevalent (37.26%, n=229). Among them, 74.53% were unemployed and 47.21% living in the villages surrounding the rural town of Fougamou. The rate of adhesion to IPT-SP was 94.37% (n=573). Among them, 47.8% (n=274) had received 3 doses of IPT. Among the pregnant women included during the cross-sectional survey, only 8.7% (n=14) were infected with Plasmodium. Bed nets were used by 80.12% (n=129) of women. Conclusion: Data showed a near complete adhesion of IPT-SP in the rural area of Fougamou. Clinical trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of IPT-SP and antimalarial drug markers.
First Report of Lophomonas spp. in German Cockroaches (Blattella Germanica) Trapped in Hospitals, Northern Iran
Authors: Motevalli-Haghi Seyyed Farzad , Shemshadian Atyeh , Nakhaei Maryam , Faridnia Roghiyeh , Dehghan Omid , Shafaroudi Majid Malekzadeh , Kelarijani Mehrasa Nejadi , Nikookar Seyed Hassan , Kalani Hamed , Fakhar Mahdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cockroaches are considered to be important reservoirs for protozoan and helminth parasites ,particularly an emerging Lophomonas spp., protozoan parasite. German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (B. germanica), are domestic pest distributed worldwide. However, little information is available regarding the burden of Lophomonas spp. infestation among domestic cockroach population worldwide. The present study investigated parasitic agents, emphasizing Lophomonas spp. infestation among B. germanica in northern Iran. During spring and summer 2018, a total of 496 adults B. germanica (265 males and 231 females) were trapped by hand and glass traps from the teaching hospitals in Mazandaran, Sari, northern Iran. All cockroaches were identified using taxonomic keys. Each cockroaches was anesthetized with chloroform and the alimentary tract removed. Each section was smeared onto a glass slide. All the smears were examined under light microscopy to determine the presence of the parasites. Ten genera of parasites were identified from the trapped B. germanica; overall, 233 (47%) were found to be positive for helminths (n=135) and protozoa (n=98). The helminths included Aspiculuris tetraptera egg (67/233, 28.7%), Oxiuros sp. (39/233; 16.7%), Dentostomella translucida (17/233; 7.3%), and nematodes Ova (12/233; 5.2%). The protozoan parasites identified Gregarina sp. (61/233; 26.2%), Entamoeba sp. (19/233; 8.2%), Blastocystis sp. (5/233; 2.1%), Lophomonas (4/233; 1.7%), Nyctotherus sp. (4/233; 1.7%), unclassified flagella (5/233; 2.1%). Lophomonas spp. was detected within the gut of B. germanica, for the first time, in Iran. It has previously been identified in the gut of cockroaches a long time ago, however, this is the first attempt to detect Lophomonas in cockroaches housing in hospitals. Thereby, it possibly presenting pose a serious respiratory infection risk for patients and health care personnel.
Ultrafast time-evolution of chiral Néel magnetic domain walls probed by circular dichroism in x-ray resonant magnetic scattering.
Authors: Lévéillé Cyril , Burgos-Parra Erick , Sassi Yanis , Ajejas Fernando , Chardonnet Valentin , Pedersoli Emanuele , Capotondi Flavio , De Ninno Giovanni , Maccherozzi Francesco , Dhesi Sarnjeet , Burn David , Laan Gerrit van der , Latcham Oliver , Shytov Andrei , Kruglyak Volodymyr , Jal Emmanuelle , Cros Vincent , Chauleau Jean-Yves , Reyren Nicolas , Viret Michel , Jaouen Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Non-collinear spin textures in ferromagnetic ultrathin films are attracting a renewed interest fueled by possible fine engineering of several magnetic interactions, notably the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This allows the stabilization of complex chiral spin textures such as chiral magnetic domain walls (DWs), spin spirals, and magnetic skyrmions. We report here on the ultrafast behavior of chiral DWs after optical pumping in perpendicularly magnetized asymmetric multilayers, probed using time-resolved circular dichroism in x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (CD-XRMS). We observe a picosecond transient reduction of the CD-XRMS, which is attributed to the spin current-induced coherent and incoherent torques within the continuously dependent spin texture of the DWs. We argue that a specific demagnetization of the inner structure of the DW induces a flow of spins from the interior of the neighboring magnetic domains. We identify this time-varying change of the DW texture shortly after the laser pulse as a distortion of the homochiral Néel shape toward a transient mixed Bloch-Néel-Bloch texture along a direction transverse to the DW.
Impact of climate change on groundwater resource in a region with a fast depletion rate: the Mississippi Embayment
Authors: Ouyang Ying , Wan Yongshan , Jin Wei , Leininger Theodor D. , Feng Gary , Han Yuguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mississippi Embayment (ME) is one of the fastest groundwater depletion regions around the world, while the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources in the region are complex and basically unknown. Using the U.S. Geological Survey's Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) model, such a challenge was addressed through the base, wet, and dry simulation scenarios. Over the 137-year simulation period from 1870 to 2007, the cumulative aquifer storage depletions were 1.70 × 1011, 1.73 × 1011, and 1.67 × 1011 m3, respectively, for the base, dry, and wet scenarios. As compared with that of the base scenario, the aquifer storage depletions were only 1.76% more for the dry scenario and 1.8% less for the wet scenario. A multiple regression analysis showed that the aquifer storage depletion rate was controlled more by the groundwater pumping and stream leakage rates and less by the groundwater net recharge rate. Groundwater table variation in the forest land was much smaller than in the crop land. Results suggested that groundwater pumping rather than climate change was a key driving force of groundwater depletion in the ME. Our findings provide a useful reference to water resource managers, foresters, and farmers in the ME and around the world when developing their groundwater supply strategies.
Improving the implementation of water and resource recovery in Canada
Authors: Nixdorff Heather , Noga Jacqueline , Amsalu Dareskedar , Springett Jane , Ashbolt Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Globally there is a need to rethink water use and wastewater disposal. One view is to consider wastewater as a resource via treatment for fit-for-purpose water and resource recovery (WRR). To understand what has worked in Canada according to those directly involved in WRR, we used interviews with individuals involved in various WRR projects. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were completed with participants from regions across Canada. Three main findings pertaining to the question ‘what is needed for WRR project implementation?’ emerged from the interviews: government and institutional support; community engagement, education, and acceptance; and comprehensive planning. Based on the interview findings, WRR projects require foundational guidance, something that is currently lacking in the Canadian context. To improve WRR implementation and success in Canada, guidance on community engagement, technology, costs, and impact assessments should be built into a policy for WRR.
A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
Authors: Moore Nathan , Ebrahimi Shelir , Zhu Yanping , Wang Chengjin , Hofmann Ron , Andrews Susan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study compared 3 commonly used quenching agents for dechlorinating samples prior to disinfection byproduct (DBP) analysis under typical drinking water sampling conditions for a representative suite of chlorination byproducts. Ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite quenched the residual free chlorine to below detection within 5 seconds. Ammonium chloride did not quench the chlorine to below detection with up to a 70% molar excess, which agrees with published ammonium chloride-chlorine chemistry. With respect to the DBPs, ascorbic acid worked well for the trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, except for dibromoiodomethane, which exhibited 2.6–28% error when using ascorbic acid compared to non-quenched control samples. Sodium sulfite also worked well for the trihalomethanes (and performed similarly to ascorbic acid for dibromoiodomethane) and was the best performing quenching agent for MX and the inorganic DBPs, but contributed to the decay of several emerging DBPs, including several halonitromethanes and haloacetamides. Ammonium chloride led to considerable errors for many DBPs, including 27–31% errors in chloroform concentrations after 24 hours of storage. This work shows that ascorbic acid is suitable for many of the organic DBPs analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and that sodium sulfite may be used for simultaneous chlorite, chlorate, and bromate analysis.
Investments in Capital Asset at the Regions of Russia in 2019
Authors: Pinkovetskaya Yu. S. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study.It is known that the further development of the Russian regions requires significant investment in all areas of activity. Therefore, the problem of assessing the existing indicators of investment activity, characteristic of each of the regions, is put forward as an urgent one. At the same time, given the wide variety of Russian regions, a comparative analysis of absolute investment volumes is not appropriate. In this regard, we suggest using a comparison of specific indicators for the analysis. The purpose of our study is to assess the levels of specific investment in capital asset per capita in all regions of our country.Materials and methods.The study used the methodological approach proposed by the author, based on the consideration of specific indicators describing investment activity in the regions of Russia. The study included four stages. As initial information, we considered the official statistics provided on the ROSSTAT website, which characterize investments in the regions, as well as the number of their population in 2019. The study conducted a cluster analysis, as well as economic and mathematical modeling of the distribution of the considered indicators by the regions of the country.Results.The cluster analysis allowed us to identify five clusters that unite the regions of Russia with similar values of specific investments per inhabitant of the corresponding region. The first cluster includes four regions, the second cluster - five regions, the third cluster - thirteen regions, the fourth cluster - twenty-six regions and the fifth cluster - thirty-four regions. The cluster analysis showed that in nine regions in 2019, there was a high level of investment, due to the tasks of their strategic development to solve federal problems. For 73 regions there were relatively low values of specific investment, the distribution of empirical data was modeled using the normal distribution function.Conclusion.The scientific novelty of the study is related to the cluster analysis and the study of the distribution of specific investments by region. Regions with high and low values of specific investments in capital asset were identified. It is proved that the values of specific investments have a significant differentiation across the regions of the country. The results of our work have a certain theoretical and practical significance for the government, regional and local authorities. The methodological approach to assessing the level of investment presented in the article can be used in further research.
Natural Sourced Inhibitors of EGFR, PDGFR, FGFR and VEGFRMediated
Signaling Pathways as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Nandi Sisir , Dey Rishita , Samadder Asmita , Saxena Aaruni , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2021

:
The molecular mechanisms of mitotic cell cycle progression involve very tightly
restricted types of machinery which are highly regulated by a fine balance between the
positive and negative accelerators (or regulators). These regulators include several checkpoints
that have proteins acting as enzymes and their activating partners. These checkpoints
incessantly monitor the external as well as internal environments such as growth
signals, favorable conditions for growth, cell size, DNA integrity of the cell and hence
function to maintain the highly ordered cell cycle progression by sustaining cell homeostasis
and promoting error-free DNA replication and cell cycle division. To progress
through the mitotic cell cycle, the cell has to successfully drive past the cell cycle checkpoints.
Due to the abnormal behavior of some cell cycle proteins, the cells tend to divide
continuously overcoming the tight regulation of cell cycle checkpoints. Such anomalies
may lead to unwanted cell division, and this deregulation of cell cycle events is considered
as one of the main reasons behind tumor development, and thus, cancer progression.
So the understanding of the molecular mechanisms in cancer progression might be insightful
for designing several cancer treatment strategies. The deregulation in the checkpoints
is caused due to the changes in the tyrosine residues of TPKs via PDGFR, EGFR,
FGFR, and VEGFR-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the inhibitors of PDGFR,
EGFR, FGFR, and VEGFR-mediated signaling pathways could be potential anticancer
agents. The resistance and toxicity in the existing synthetic anticancer chemotherapeutics
may decrease the life span of a patient. For long, natural products have played an essential
alternative source of therapeutic agents due to having least or no side effect and toxicity.
The present study is an attempt to promote natural anticancer drug development focusing
on the updated structural information of PDGFR, EGFR, FGFR, and VEGFR inhibitors
isolated from the plant sources. The data used in this review has been collected
from internet resources, viz. GOOGLE Web, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and PubMed Central.
The citation of each report was first checked, after which the articles were selected
as an authentic reference for the present study. Around 200 journal articles were initially
selected, of which around 142 were finally chosen for presenting the study on the natural
sourced inhibitors of EGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, and VEGFR-mediated signaling pathways
which may help to enhance the potential cancer treatment.
Exploring miRNA-related Molecular Targets of Erchen Decoction against
Lipid Metabolism Disorder using a Network Pharmacologic Approach
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Chen Qiliang , Huang Yiqing , Li Xiaomei , Chai Yujuan , Li Candong , Asakawa Tetsuya 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Erchen Decoction (ECD) is a complex herbal formulation widely used for treating lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) in China. This study aims to explore the microRNA (miRNA)-related molecular targets of ECD against LMD using a network pharmacology approach (NPA)

Methods:
We randomly divided 20 male Sprague Dawley rats into two groups; 10 rats were normal controls, and the other 10 rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish an LMD model. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRs, HFD vs. Control) in the rats’ liver tissues were identified by miRNA sequencing and validated with qRT-PCR. Finally, the miRNA-related molecular targets for ECD activity against LMD were identified using a standard NPA by finding the intersection between identified DE-miRs-related targets and ECD-related targets.

Result:
We identified 8 DE-miRs and 968 targets and compared them to 262 ECD-related targets. A final list of 22 candidate targets was identified. Using a confidence score of >0.4, the network of (protein-protein interaction) PPI relationships exhibited 22 nodes and 67 edges. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed 171 molecular targets and 59 pathways, which were associated with ECD against LMD.

Conclusion:
The identified molecular targets and pathways suggest that complex mechanisms are involved in ECD’s mechanism of action, and immune-inflammation-related mechanisms are closely associated with the effects of ECD. The targets obtained in this study will guide future studies on the pharmacologic effects of ECD.