bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Капитал-қурилиш соҳасида давлат харидларини амалга оширишдаги коррупциявий хавф-хатарлар ва уларнинг олдини олиш масалалари
Authors: Хужаев Миршод 
Published: June 2021

Бугунги кунда Ўзбекистон Республикасида коррупциянинг барча турлари ва кўринишларига қарши курашиш юзасидан самарали институционал ва ташкилий-ҳуқуқий чора тадбирлар олиб борилмоқда. Шунга қарамасдан, юртимизда коррупцияни қабул қилиш индекси юқорилигича қолмоқда.
Мақолада коррупциядан энг зарар кўриб келаётган соҳалардан бири бўлган капитал-қурилиш соҳасида давлат харидлари тартиб таомиллари таҳлил қилинган ҳамда уни бартараф этиш юзасидан илғор хорижий тажрибалар мисолида таклифлар берилган.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Chadidjah Sitti , Kusnayat Agus , Ruswandi Uus , Syamsul Arifin Bambang 
Published: June 2021

Implementasi nilai-nilai moderasi agama sangat penting untuk di bahas, mengingat beberapa sekolah sudah dimasuki paham radikal dan ekstrim, dan terjadinya demontrasi anarkis baru-baru ini dilakukan oleh pelajar SMA/SMK. Keprihatinan menjadi masalah yang harus diselesaikan, jika tidak akan menyebabkan instabilitas bangsa. Bangsa ini akan terus bersiteru, berkelahi, bertengkar pada hal yang kurang prinsip. Implementasi nilai-nilai moderasi di SD, SMP, SMA, dan perguruan tinggi mempunyai landasan konsep yang sama yaitu wasthiyah, yang terdiri dari tasamuh, tawazun dan i’tidal. Saat ini nilai-nilai moderasi ditekankan pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di semua jenjang pendidikan. Meskipun saat ini implementasi nilai moderasi masih hidden kurikulum, namun secara sikap, sekolah menjadikan sikap tasamuh, tawazun dan i’tidal menjadi prilaku yang wajib di lingkungan SD, SMP dan SMA. Sementara di lingkungan perguruan tinggi pembiasaan ini tidak kentara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode library riset, dengan melakukan pembacaan saksama dari berbagai literatur, memilah informasi yang terkait langsung, diidentifikasi, dipahami, kemudian dianalisis.
Key word: implementasi, moderasi, nilai
“Useful Knowledge” in Charles-Alexandre Lesueur’s visual and textual accounts of Missouri in 1826
Authors: Walton Whitney 
Published: June 2021

Artist and naturalist Charles-Alexandre Lesueur (1778-1846) valued his work as useful to science generally and to France in particular, including during the time he lived and traveled in North America from 1816 to 1837. Starting with Daniela Bleichmar’s concept of “visual epistemology: a way of knowing based on visuality, encompassing both observation and representation,” this essay claims that Lesueur’s art and scientific practice adhered closely to a belief in the authority of art from direct observation in nature, and they served different professional, educational, community, and potentially commercial purposes. It charts the conditions under which he produced the art, the purpose(s) of the art, the types of art (sketches, paintings, prints, landscape drawings), and the intended audience through four types of subjects from the expedition to Missouri in 1826: the challenges of scientific fieldwork, Blacks in Missouri, lead mining, and inland but especially riverside towns.
Youth Preferences and Sensory Experiences
Authors: Бордунова Мария Сергеевна , Звегинцева Елизавета Дмитриевна , Липатова Людмила Павловна 
Published: June 2021

Кофе - один из наиболее активно потребляемых на данный момент напитков. Сегодня производством и обработкой кофейных зерен занимаются более 70 стран мира. По данным ФАО, Бразилия и Вьетнам на протяжении многих лет занимают лидирующие позиции по производству кофе. При этом отмечается, что продажи кофе снижаются из-за насыщения рынка и других негативно влияющих факторов, таких как привычки к чаю или безалкогольным напиткам, увеличение неравенства доходов и проблемы со здоровьем. Авторами был проведен анализ ассортимента кофе на мировом рынке, включая элитные и эксклюзивные сорта кофе. Рассмотрены основные потоки производства и импорта кофейных зерен по странам мира, рассмотрены основные поставщики и производители кофе. Проведена экономическая и органолептическая оценка напитков кофе, оценка технологии производства некоторых брендов кофе, производящих зерновой, молотый, растворимый и капсульный кофе. Оценены преимущества и недостатки рассмотренных брендов, отмечено, что для придания потребительских свойств продукции мировые компании закупают кофейные зерна у поставщиков, обжаривают их и соединяют в различные купажи. В статье проанализированы предпочтения потребителей кофе в различных странах и способы удовлетворения данных предпочтений, проведено исследование среди студентов для определения потребительских предпочтений в разных видах кофе.
Coffee is one of the most actively consumed beverages at the moment. Today, more than 70 countries are engaged in the production and processing of coffee beans. According to the FAO, Brazil and Vietnam have been leading coffee producers for many years. At the same time, it is noted that coffee sales are declining due to market saturation and other negative factors, such as tea or soft drink habits, increasing income inequality and health problems. Coffee production is based on two varieties of coffee beans: Robusta and Arabica. Based on this, the analysis of the range of coffee on the world market, including elite and exclusive varieties of coffee, was carried out. This article also examines the main flows of production and import of coffee beans in the countries of the world, the main suppliers and producers of coffee are considered. Today, in the coffee market, you can find a huge number of brands that offer coffee in various forms. An economic and organoleptic assessment was carried out, as well as an assessment of the production technology of some coffee brands that produce grain, ground, instant and capsule coffee. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered brands are noted. It was found that to give consumer properties of products, global companies buy coffee beans from suppliers, fry them and combine them into various blends. The article analyzes the preferences among coffee consumers in different countries and the ways to meet these preferences. Additionally, a study was conducted among students to determine the preferences of coffee consumers.
PRICE BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN YERBA MATE EXPORTED TO URUGUAY BETWEEN 1997 AND 2018
Authors: Heimann Jaqueline De Paula , Machado Marco Antonio Dias , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Leodoro da Silva João Carlos Garzel , De Paula Thiago Rodrigues , Costa Junior Francisco 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate price seasonality of the Brazilian Yerba mate exported to the Uruguayan market, serving as a basis for decision-making to the producers. For this purpose, we collected data on Brazilian yerba mate exports to Uruguay, available in the ALICE-WEB System, which, after deflation, were used to determine the Seasonal Index for different periods between 1997 and 2018 The results showed that the market for yerba mate does not present regular historical cycles, the prices of the Brazilian product in the Uruguayan market suffer constant falls and increases. Nevertheless, it is possible to observe a long-term trend of increasing the real price of the product at an average rate of 0.33% per month. It is possible to conclude that the price of Brazilian yerba mate in the Uruguayan market was in the ascendancy until the beginning of 2015, when the Uruguayan Justice instituted an investigation to investigate the presence of cadmium and lead at levels above the allowed ones in the Brazilian product. At the end of the study period, there was a slight tendency to recover prices, however, only new studies will be able to verify if the price of Brazilian yerba on the Uruguayan market will reach levels similar to those registered before the judicial embargo.Keywords: international trade; seasonality; competitiveness.
SUBSTRATES AND INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID IN MINI-CUTTINGS ROOTING OF Carya illinoinensis (WANGENH) K. KOCH
Authors: Hilgert Marcio Alberto , Lazarotto Marilia , Campos de Sá Larissa , Fior Claudimar Sidnei , Dutra de Souza Paulo Vitor 
Published: June 2021

Mini-cutting technique of tree species is an effective method of maintaining desirable features of plant matrices and uniformity. The objective of the present research was to determine substrate and concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) more suitable for mini-cuttings of Carya illinoinensis rooting. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with mist, from February to May 2018. The used experimental design was in blocks with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 5, in which three substrates were tested: carbonized rice husk, vermiculite and perlit; and five IBA concentration : 0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 and 8,000 mg L-1. The mini-cuttings were apical, produced from seedlings, with eight months of age. Mini-cuttings were made with two leaves cut in half and 8 to 10 cm in length. The use of IBA influenced results obtained with all substrates, except for the variable number of roots, in which only IBA effect was observed. However, higher results were obtained with IBA uses together with substrate carbonized rice husk, obtaining estimated maximum point of 91% of rooted mini-cuttings with 3,957 mg L-1 IBA concentration. For other evaluated variables, except root numbers, it was also observed superior results close to 4,000 mg L-1 IBA concentration with substrate carbonized rice husk. Results indicate the possibility of Carya illinoinensis propagation by mini-cutting technique and as an alternative for this specie plantlets production.
Ny tid
Authors: Johnsen Åge 
Published: June 2021

Vi har nå lagt bak oss det vanskelige året 2020, og vi går – forhåpentligvis – inn i en mer normal tid. Noen arbeidsmåter som ble endret under pandemien, tar vi med oss videre. Et eksempel er at mange møter og konferanser nå vil skje digitalt eller hybrid. NAT er intet unntak, og redaksjonen hadde det første digitale møte våren 2021. Det vil redaksjonen fortsette med i form av digitale redaksjonsmøter hvert halvår.
Et tema som redaksjonen diskuterte, var hvilke språk NAT skal publisere sine artikler på. De fleste skandinaver kan lese og forstå andre skandinaviske språk. Norden er i dag ikke et språkfellesskap. Svensk var forholdsvis utbredt i Finland tidligere, og på Island og Færøyene er det vanlig å kunne et skandinavisk språk i tillegg til morsmålet. NAT vil fortsatt først og fremst publisere på de skandinaviske språkene dansk, norsk og svensk for forfattere som bruker disse språkene. For forfattere som ikke bruker dansk, norsk eller svensk, vil NAT kunne publisere deres artikler på engelsk.
Vi oppfordrer NAFs medlemsforeninger og NATs lesere til å vurdere aktuelle foredrag, notater og vitenskapelige rapporter som manuskripter til NAT. Vi minner om at NAT publiserer ulike typer artikler. Vi tror for eksempel mange flere bokomtaler, foredrag, utredningsrapporter og fremragende studentarbeider fra mange av våre masterstudenter, også bør bli spennende artikler i NAT.
Redaksjonen takker Justitieråd Ulrik von Essen ved Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen for hans bidrag i redaksjonen i NAT inntil ny svensk landredaktør ble utnevnt, og vi ønsker biträdande lektor Marta Reuter fra Statsvetenskapliga institutionen ved Stockholms universitet hjertelig velkommen som ny, svensk landredaktør. Takk til alle som har bidratt ved å sende sine manuskripter til tidsskriftet og til våre anonyme konsulenter for deres vurderinger. Takk også til Eirik Hanssen ved OsloMet for støtten ved omleggingen av NAT til ny portal i fjor og teknisk støtte ved utgivelsen av dette nummeret.
Vi ønsker alle god lesning og god sommer!

Åge Johnsen
Hovedredaktør
Democratic Waves in Arab World: Ideology and Typology
Authors: Alam Md Aftab 
Published: June 2021

The term “Arab World” is used to denote the geographical and nation-state entities in the modern West Asian and North African region popularly referred in its abbreviated version WANA. Democratic waves encapsulate the popular civilian uprisings, revolts, resistance, revolutionary upsurge, rebellion taking place from time to time in Arab world leading to political - regime transitions and profound convulsions in economy, society, culture ,literature, art and ideas. The contemporary WANA took birth in the interregnum of two world wars involving the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire and emergence of new nation-states as designed by the European colonial masters. The new political restructuring fundamentally replaced the ancient tribalism. The characteristics of modern states like bureaucracy, organized army, police force and other coercive apparatuses, hierarchical judicial system, municipal administrative units made their historic appearance.
Across the Arab world, the political system has been largely authoritarian and dictatorial in nature. The implanted monarchies referred to as the Sheikhdoms, military dictators usurping power through bloody coups and individual dictators based on popular revolutionary upsurge have been the characteristics of regimes of the Arab world. The popular democratic sentiments were crushed by the state apparatus leading to large scale bloodsheds. The modern Arab political history is replete with such instances of popular civilian democratic waves impacting the entire spectrum of their society. Undoubtedly, these upsurges didn't take place in any vacuum but were largely conditioned by contemporary political and economic changes. Besides this, these democratic waves were based on ideological frameworks containing the elements of Marxian socialism, Arab nationalism and Islam. These democratic waves have also been approached by construction of some typologies involving regional pattern, economic system and regime types.
This paper is an humble attempt to understand those ideological frameworks inspiring, instigating, guiding and reinvigorating democratic sentiments and revolutionary movements against authoritarian regimes demanding freedom, liberty, rights, equality, justice, rule of law, representative institutions, responsible and accountable governance. Further, it also endeavors to analyse patterns and typology of those democratic waves convulsing the polities, economies and societies of the Arab world.
Floodplain meadow partnership: A working model of effective communication between practitioners, academics and policymakers
Authors: Rothero Emma , Tatarenko Irina , Jefferson Richard , Skinner Ann , Wallace Hilary , Gowing David , Clarke Stewart , Johnson Matt , Davies Gareth 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The article describes a model system for facilitating the transfer of knowledge between researchers and practitioners.

The system described has a focus on a single habitat, floodplain meadows, and a case is made for replicating the model for other habitats.

Even a single habitat has a wide variety of stakeholders, but a focused partnership with representation across the stakeholder community can prove a useful vehicle for disseminating knowledge and best practice.

The structure of the partnership is set out from a steering group to local representatives, and the division of tasks between specialists is explained.

The partnership is UK‐based and UK‐focused, yet has an international dimension.

The longevity of the partnership and the intensity of interaction with stakeholders are concluded to be important and suggested as a model for others to follow.
Stalk Strength Improvement in Crop Plants: A Progress Report
Authors: Multani Dilbag S. , Jiao Shuping , Jung Mark T. , Simcox Kevin D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Stalk lodging is one of the serious problems in all cereal crops that can result in enormous yield loss. Severe stalk lodging interferes with mechanical harvest resulting in loss of grain. The genetics of stalk strength is complex and in most crops the trait is controlled by multiple minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Screening for stalk strength is not only variable from crop to crop because of variable stalk structures but also time consuming and has reproducibility issues. A series of mutants including
brittle culm
in rice and
brittle stalk
in maize have been isolated. Similarly, potential candidate genes showing close association with genes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall components like cellulose and lignin have been cloned in rice, maize, barley, and Arabidopsis. Several QTLs for stalk strength have been mapped in maize, rice, canola, and soybean using GWAS and genomic selection approaches. To our knowledge, candidate genes for only two QTLs have been cloned by map‐based cloning approaches including
stiff1
in maize and
SCM2
in rice. So far, transgenic approaches such as overexpression of the candidate gene, gene silencing, and genome editing have been used only for candidate gene validation and not for any crop development. However, novel beneficial alleles identified by allele mining or generated by transgene/gene editing approaches may be combined through marker‐assisted selection (MAS) to supplement the conventional breeding process for improving stalk strength and lodging resistance. In this article, we review the published information on stalk strength and update its status in crop plants.
An Ultrastable Aqueous Iodine‐Hydrogen Gas Battery
Authors: Zhu Zhengxin , Meng Yahan , Cui Yi , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRechargeable hydrogen gas batteries are highly desirable for large‐scale energy storage because of their long life cycle, high round trip efficiency, fast reaction kinetics, and hydrogen gas profusion. Coupling advanced cathode chemistries with hydrogen gas anode is an emerging and exciting area of research. Here, a novel high‐performance aqueous iodine‐hydrogen gas (I2‐H2) battery using iodine as cathode and hydrogen gas as the electrocatalytic anode in environmentally benign aqueous electrolytes is reported. The working chemistry of the battery involves I2/I− solid‐liquid reactions occurring over the cathode along with H2/H2O gas‐liquid reactions at the anode, achieving a high rate performance of 100 C and long‐lasting stability of over 60 000 cycles. Additionally, the static aqueous I2‐H2 battery displays a volumetric capacity of 15.5 Ah L−1 along with good self‐healing capability towards cell overcharge. The current battery design exhibits robust electrochemical performance irrespective of acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolyte systems. This study paves the way towards the industrialization of economically effective, high‐power density, and long‐term I2‐H2 batteries for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Supramolecular Macrophage‐Liposome Marriage for Cell‐Hitchhiking Delivery and Immunotherapy of Acute Pneumonia and Melanoma
Authors: Gao Cheng , Cheng Qian , Li Junyan , Chen Jia , Wang Qingfu , Wei Jianwen , Huang Qiaoxian , Lee Simon M. Y. , Gu Dayong , Wang Ruibing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs many diseases are related to inflammation, the inflammatory tropism of immune cells may bring cell‐hitchhikers directly to the disease tissues in a highly targeted manner. The current cell‐hitchhiking strategies rely on either cellular internalization or covalent surface conjugation, which often affects the physiological function of transporting cells. Herein, a cell‐friendly, host‐guest chemistry mediated macrophage‐liposome conjugate (M‐L) is developed for extremely stable cell‐hitchhiking drug delivery. M‐L is prepared via simple supramolecular “hand‐holding” and marriage between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and adamantane, respectively anchored on the surface of the macrophage and liposome, which demonstrates targeted accumulation in the inflamed lung and effective therapy of acute pneumonia in mice when loaded with quercetin. Upon loading toxic chemotherapeutic agents (such as doxorubicin and oxaliplatin), M‐L carries the payloads to the inflammatory cancer tissue and significantly enhances the chemoimmunotherapy of melanoma in mice. Fundamentally, this CB[7]‐based supramolecular M‐L conjugation strategy shows negligible effects on the migratory and invasive behaviors of macrophages. In vivo pathological analysis of the inflammatory tissues in mice after treatment with M‐L further suggests that macrophage and liposomes are delivered together hand in hand. This CB[7]‐based, supramolecular cell‐conjugation strategy potentially addresses the key challenges faced by the current cell‐based delivery systems.
Semitransparent Circularly Polarized Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency over 30% and Dissymmetry Factor Close to 10−2
Authors: Lu Guangzhao , Wu Zheng‐Guang , Wu Ruixia , Cao Xiaosong , Zhou Liang , Zheng You‐Xuan , Yang Chuluo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo concurrently realize large electroluminescence dissymmetry factor and high device efficiency remains a formidable challenge in the development of circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diode (CP‐OLED). In this work, by introducing a famous chiral resource of R‐camphor, two green chiral iridium(III) isomers of Λ/Δ‐Ir‐(R‐camphor) containing dual stereogenic centers at iridium and ancillary ligand, are efficiently synthesized. Benefiting from their high phosphorescence quantum yields (≈93%) and obvious circularly polarized photoluminescence property with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) in the 10−3 order of magnitude, the circularly polarized phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes using these chiral emitters show excellent performances with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 30.6%, low efficiency roll‐off, and intense circularly polarized electroluminescence signal with dissymmetry factor (gEL) in the 10−4 order of magnitude. By the novel device engineering with semitransparent cathode, the resulting gEL values are significantly boosted by one order of magnitude, up to 7.70 × 10−3, which is the highest among the CP‐OLEDs with chiral iridium complexes. Noteworthy, the semitransparent devices deliver a record‐high EQEmax of 18.8% among the semitransparent OLEDs. The combination of novel chiral Ir(III) complexes and the semitransparent devices sheds light on the development of high performance CP‐OLEDs with simultaneously high efficiency and large dissymmetry factor.
A Thienothiophene‐Based Cation Treatment Allows Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Gunes Ummugulsum , Bag Celik Esra , Akgul Cevahir C. , Koc Mehmet , Ameri Mohsen , Uzuner Bahri E. , Ghasemi Milad , Sahiner Mehmet C. , Yildiz İlker , Kaya Hava Z. , Yerci Selcuk , Gunbas Gorkem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerovskite surface treatment with additives has been reported to improve charge extraction, stability, and/or surface passivation. In this study, treatment of a 3D perovskite ((FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x) layer with a thienothiophene‐based organic cation (TTMAI), synthesized in this work, is investigated. Detailed analyses reveal that a 2D (n = 1) or quasi‐2D layer does not form on the PbI2‐rich surface 3D perovskite. TTMAI‐treated 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in this study show improved fill factors, providing an increase in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 17% to over 20%. It is demonstrated that the enhancement is due to better hole extraction by drift‐diffusion simulations. Furthermore, thanks to the hydrophobic nature of the TTMAI, PSC maintains 82% of its initial PCE under 15% humidity for over 380 h (the reference retains 38%). Additionally, semitransparent cells are demonstrated reaching 17.9% PCE with treated 3D perovskite, which is one of the highest reported efficiencies for double cationic 3D perovskites. Moreover, the semitransparent 3D PSC (TTMAI‐treated) maintains 87% of its initial efficiency for six weeks (>1000 h) when kept in the dark at room temperature. These results clearly show that this study fills a critical void in perovskite research where highly efficient and stable semitransparent perovskite solar cells are scarce.