bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Materials for Electric Vehicle Chassis
Authors: Durgam Shankar , Deshmukh Vikrant Mahesh , Jagtap Akshay Prakash , Sable Mahendra J. , Gawai Nikita M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on materials for electric vehicle chassis design, testing, and analysis. The chassis for a car should have good rigidity and should be light in weight which are very crucial parameters. To create any car frame is the basic and main structure. It connects rear and front suspension rigidly. Along with this it provides support to the various components of the car. This paper describes the simulation of electric vehicle (EV) Chassis frame with square beam for finding stress, strain and deformation properties in structural body by using finite element analysis (FEA) tools and strain gauge. In this case of chassis structure, we are considering engine weight, alternator weight, motor weight as well as battery pack weight. The total weight on chassis structure is approximately around 4 ton. We are working on finding maximum stress, maximum strain and deformation in structural body by using FEA tools as well as strain gauge.
Studies on factors influencing Low Velocity Impact of Composite Materials – A Review
Authors: Sunith Babu L , Pradeep Kumar K V , JayaChristiyan K G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Composite Materials has been the de-facto material of choice in the aerospace and automotive industry mainly due to its high strength to weight ratio. Composite materials fabricated by different methods have been used in the above fields, some have found to be resistant to failure while some have failed to live-up to the expected results. Therefore, it is evident that, although composite materials provide excellent directional properties, failure in composite materials is a key area that many researchers have been studying for many decades and may still continue with development of newer materials. One such failure that can occur in composite materials is due to impact loading and the focus of this paper is to review the factors associated with Low Velocity Impact. In general, damage in composite material is a serious issue and factors that contribute needs to be studied in depth, since this may lead to catastrophic failure and some failures that is generated, may not be visible to the naked eye. Failure arising from LVI is not limited to fibre matrix cracking, de-bonding, delamination, fibre pull out and possible ways to overcome these effects may be of significant importance particularly in the aerospace industry and possible ways to improve them is discussed in this paper.
Correlation of CFRP and AA7075 Aircraft Wing box structure using FEM
Authors: Vigneshwaran M. , Kumaran M , Praveen kumar K , Revanth K , Sathya prakash T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Composite materials are becoming more important in the construction of Mechanical structures. The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and Aluminium alloy (AA 7075) aircraft wing box using finite element method. Both results has been correlated. Both CFRP and AA7075 structures modelling and numerical simulations were executed at various loading conditions. The deformed configuration of the CFRP and AA7075 aircraft wing box along with stress plot have been computed using analysis. Based on these studies, the CFRP and AA7075 central wing box, representing a weight saving of up to one and a half tonnes compared to the most advanced aluminium alloys. The results also expose the increasing strength with reduced weight.
Performance Evaluation of Durability and Flexural behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete blended with Alccofine
Authors: Vivek Kumar C , Palanisamy M , Debnath Sohang , Munagala Mahesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to its superior performance over traditional concrete mixes, Self Compacting concrete (SCC) has increased in popularity in the construction industry in recent years. The major downside of using self-compacting concrete is that there is no universal design mix norm. The aim of this research is to determine the best mix proportioning and strength and durability parameters for M40 Alccofine based high strength self-compacted concrete. It often provides an exclusive application for self-compacting concrete since it can flow into any section of a heavily reinforced region without creating any vibration. Consequently, if using self-compacting concrete in beam-column joints does not adversely affect the frame’s seismic efficiency, it could be used rather than traditional concrete. During earthquake excitation, the beam-column joints of reinforced concrete building frames play a very important role. As those are the highly congested areas of reinforced concrete framed buildings, effective concrete placement and compaction in these regions is extremely difficult. This study involves determining the impact of Alccofine with replacement levels from 10 to 50 percentages with cement is substituted for M40 grades with Viscosity Modifying Agent, with both the purpose of increasing compressive strength, lowering gas emissions, and making concrete more cost efficient. In specific, increasing the CaO volume of the Alccofine 1203 increases the binding capacity and compressive strength.
SLRA and MLRA Based Correlations of Geotechnical Parameters of Fine Grained Soils
Authors: Lavanya C , Kumar Nandyala Darga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to huge expenditure is involved in testing of soil by employing heavy machinery and costly equipment; it is necessitated to develop statistical correlations between various geotechnical parameters which can be used mostly in design of foundations and pavement constructions. Many techniques are de-veloped for carrying out regression analysis to establish the relationships be-tween response variable and explanatory variables as per the practice are con-cerned. Single linear regression analysis (SLRA) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) are the modeling techniques commonly adopted to develop correlations between the required variables. The MLRA model creates a rela-tionship in the form of linear line that best approximates all the individual data points. The MLRA is a statistical technique that uses several explanatory varia-bles to predict the outcome of a response variable. This paper presents the rela-tionships established between geotechnical parameters of fine grained soils (% of soil passing 0.075mm BIS sieve > 50%) using SLRA and MLRA technique.
The geotechnical parameters of fine grained soils such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Liquid limit (LL), Plastic limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI), Opti-mum Moisture Content (OMC), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), Free swell in-dex (FSI) and % fine fraction (FF) are considered from the soil testing carried out on natural soil samples collected at different stretches of a road project from Khandi to Shadnagar in T elangana state. The SLRA and MLRA showed good fits between the geotechnical parameters of fine grained soils with regression coefficients showing above 0.80. The MLRA models developed can be utilized to estimate the CBR of fine grained soils whose % fines more than 50%.
Thermal Energy Storage in Phase Change Material Integrated Solar Collectors for Air Heating Application
Authors: Tyagi V. V. , Nagilla Dheeraj Kumar , Selvaraj Jeyraj , Chopra Kapil , Kothari Richa , Pandey A. K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solar energy is an abundant source of renewable energy which can able to support the expansion of energy demand. This review paper represents a complete literature review on recent developments in the phase change material (PCM) based solar collectors for air heating applications such as building heating, greenhouse heating, etc. In this paper thermal efficiency of various types of storage based collector and their performance for air heating (SAH) applications have been discussed. Based on the literature, it has been found that compared to basic solar air heating (SAH) systems, the collector-storage based air heating systems are able to provide higher efficiency with their capacity to recover and utilize the stored heat at night or cold weather conditions. These storage based collectors can be efficiently utilized for applications requiring medium operating temperature range during daytime as well as night times.
Recent Advancements in Design of Flat Plate Solar Collectors
Authors: Chopra K. , Pathak Pratik Kumar , Samykano Mahendran , Tyagi V. V , Pandey A. K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solar collector is an important technology for the effective utilisation of solar energy that the earth is blessed with. Flat plate solar collectors present a simple and easy to maintain design and thus are widely used for low and medium temperature applications. But being less efficient than alternatives, justifying the initial investment of flat plate solar collectors becomes difficult in the long run. This paper presents the efforts of researchers in the past some years to improve the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors through the improvement and optimization of the existing design. The range of research work covered gives a general idea of the variety of techniques being developed, analysed and tested to increase the efficiency of flat plate solar collector through means such as new absorber design, design of absorber tubes, new coatings on glass cover, and other means to reduce heat transfer losses, increase heat transfer from absorber to working fluid and absorbing and retaining direct as well as diffuse radiation. Design and efficiency improvement for better adoption of flat plate collectors in building facades has also been discussed. This paper will be beneficial for exploring the range of research avenues in the field of optimization and efficiency improvement of flat plate solar collectors.
Review on Economic analysis of Photovoltaic Thermal Systems
Authors: Kalidasan B , Divyabharathi R , Pandey A K , Saidur R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sun is the most promising renewable resource available to mankind for extracting maximum useful energy. One of the best ways to trap solar energy is to install photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems whose main novelty is to produce power by photovoltaic conversion and also dissipate the heat evolved to recover thermal energy thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the system. Implementing this approach in practical application system lags mainly due to the requirement of economic investment. This paper reviews on the economics involved in the installation, operation and maintenance of solar PVT systems. The economic viability of solar PVT systems is evaluated by considering five criteria (energy costs, life cycle costs, profit ratio, cost savings and pay-back period). Furthermore the performances of many PVT systems were compared and the economic evaluation has proved that the PVT system is economically feasible and has greater potential for incorporating in residential/commercial buildings especially for tropical countries like India.
Investigation on Thermal Properties of AL2O3 Based Phase Change Material Composite for Solar Thermal System Application
Authors: George Mathew , Pandey A. K. , Rahim Nasrudin Abd , Shahabuddin Syed , Tyagi V.V. , Saidur R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goal and Paris Agreement are guidelines provided by the global community for a better future. One of the ways is through the utilization of solar energy. But solar energy is plagued by unpredictable energy delivery, which can be solved through latent heat energy storage system. In this study, a phase change material (A70) composite with 0.1% wt Al2O3 is prepared using probe sonication. The composite is characterized through Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer. The DSC showed a 5.02% decrease in the value of latent heat while the composite was thermally stable for the temperature range 30 °C to 200 °C where majority of domestic solar application lies. The composite and pure A70 may be useful for thermal system application where indirect heat absorption like heat exchangers, heat sinks, photovoltaic thermal and concentrated photovoltaic thermal system.
A Brief Review on Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite Based Epoxy Coatings for Marine Applications
Authors: Fitriya A.M , Shahabuddin Syed , Sridewi Nanthini , Norsyarizad M. , Pandey A.K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, fouling has become the main concern in the marine, naval and shipping industries. Furthermore, fouling has caused an increase in ship drag and fuel consumption whilst reducing the hydrodynamic performance of ships. Marine structures that partly or fully submerged such as oilrigs, submarine pipes and marine buoys are also impacted. Therefore, research and numerous studies had conducted to propose the best antifouling coating. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of polymer-based surface coatings for protection from marine biofouling organisms. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers had found to make these materials promising as polymeric coating that can be used in marine applications. Furthermore, this review will discuss the utilization of nanocomposites as additives, modifiers and nanofillers in order to enhance the properties of the polymer for antifouling coating.
Design and performance testing of a bread box type low cost solar water heater for rural area
Authors: Htike Than Than , Mon Mi Sandar , Tin Saw Ba 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the design of integral passive low cost solar water heating system of “Bread Box” type for rural area. The designed capacity is 200lit and aims to cover the need of hot water at evening/night and morning for one to three people. This type of heater consists of horizontal cylindrical Mild-Steel tank painted flat black and is enclosed in a glazed (glass) insulated rectangular wooden box whose lid and front are opened as reflector (mercury-backed mirror) during the day and closed as insulation at night. In this research, bread box solar water heater was designed and constructed with local materials and then, this heater was tested. In this design, the diameter of collector-storage tank is 0.55 m, its length is 0.797 m and collector area is 1.377m2. The total glazing area of this heater is 1.859 m2 and box size is 1.341m x 0.884m x 0.76m.
Japan Solar PV manufacturing in the past and future
Authors: Ishihara Keiichi N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the number of solar power generation systems installed around the world has increased rapidly, partly due to the strengthening of measures against global warming. Chinese companies meet most of the demand. While the installation of PV in developed countries is declining, the demand in China, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia are expected to grow continuously. Meanwhile, Chinese exports to the United States declined sharply due to trade friction between the two countries. In this work, the Japan market mechanism of solar PV was investigated to consider how they can survive in the future. Firstly, the historical trend of Japanese solar PV production in the domestic market is reviewed. It is indicated that the Japanese consumer has selected Japanese product even it is expensive. Because they can sell electricity by a reasonable price under the FiT scheme and spend more money on construction to protect from natural disasters. Recently, both Japanese and Chinese companies start to produce solar PV cells outside the country. The production price becomes competitive in the future. The hot production countries in southeast Asia are Malaysia and Vietnam.
Barrier Analysis for Deployment of Renewable Energy Mini-grids in Myanmar Using AHP
Authors: Numata Masako , Sugiyama Masahiro , Mogi Gento 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy access is still a challenge for many countries, as demonstrated by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. Though the government of Myanmar set a target of 100% electrification by 2030, currently only less than half of households are connected to national grids. To accelerate electrification, decentralized approaches should be considered more. Mini-grids are an effective option that can fill the gap between a solar home system and a national grid. However, many of the existing mini-grids in Myanmar are powered by diesel generators. In rural areas, diesel fuel is much more expensive than in urban areas because of transportation cost. Under this condition, mini-grids powered by solar photovoltaics and batteries are already cost-competitive with diesel generators. Nevertheless, the deployment of mini-grids powered by renewable energy is still slow. In this study, we analysed barriers to the deployment and the prioritization of these barriers. We conducted a questionnaire survey with stakeholders using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify the prioritization of each barrier factor. To see tendencies, we used k-means for clustering results. The results showed that opinions were divided among stakeholders. There is no single silver bullet for the mini-grids and overcoming the barriers needs steady work.
A review paper related to the various variable’s measurements on the relationship between environmental performance and financial performance
Authors: Wu Qichun , Furuoka Fumitaka , Pui Kiew Ling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present-day environmental concerns have provided an incentive for firms to reduce environmental pollution by the reduction in resource consumption which in turn reduces the carbon emissions and other pollutants. To achieve the stakeholder requirement, the firm needs to improve the environmental management system, utilize environmentally friendly activities and strategies for efficient utilization of materials. Different results (positive, negative, no influence) have been documented in previous articles. This study focusses on the measurement of variables and the result of these papers. An inconsistent result has been found between Corporate Environmental Performance (CEP) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) relationship, for a sample of 63 empirical studies. In general, environmental performance is positively related to corporate financial performance. The result indicates the variety of environmental variables influencing the results. It is demonstrating that financial benefits (both accounting-based, market-based and others) are more from environmental management and environmental pollution than environmental disclosure. But there is no obvious evidence to demonstrate different financial variables can lead to different correlations.
Electromagnetic torque capabilities of permanent magnet flux-switching machine using modular rotor
Authors: Soomro Irfan Ali , Sulaiman Erwan , Soomro Hassan Ali , Amin Faisal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of a segmented rotor electric motor for lightweight electric vehicle applications has gained a lot of attention since the motor must have a high output torque and output power. Segmented rotor motors have performance indices that should be taken into consideration because not every machine is effective. Recently, permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) in salient rotor has become attractive for provide high torque and power. Undesirably, salient rotor inherited high iron loss and winding loss, Furthermore, PMFSM uses high PM volume and more flux leakage resulting in poor performance. This paper deals with a novel structure of modular rotor PMFSM with non-overlapping winding with minimal iron loss, high torque and high power. 2D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to investigate the performance of proposed motor in JMAG Designer 14.1. Three-phase operation of 12S/10P modular rotor PMFSM was designed and analysed based on the cogging torque, induced back emf, output torque and output power performances. The proposed motor securing the initial torque of 33.30 Nm and power of 12Kw at maximum current density of 30Arms/mm2. From the result it is concluded that modular rotor based PMFSM motor is suitable for light weight electric vehicles.
Influence of Various Tooth Shape Topology for Single-Phase Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine
Authors: Jusoh Laili Iwani , Sulaiman Erwan , Ahmad Md Zarafi , Soomro Irfan Ali , Soomro Hassan Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) has the advantages of solid design structure, high torque performances, and high efficiency. The method to increase performance and decrease the cost of the motor through a selection of numbers of slot and pole is a major issue that needs to be solved. Therefore, to further improve the electromagnetic torque, a novel 4-4S-8P multi-tooth, 4S-8P segmental-tooth and single-tooth PMFSM machine respectively is proposed based on the slot pole analysis performance. Hence, the performance is including the flux linkage, cogging torque, back-electromotive force (back-emf), output torque, and power performance. The results display that the various tooth shape topology have a large impact on the performance design. JMAG Designer version 14.3 under 2D finite element analysis (2D-FEA) are used to complete the analysis. The results show that the right combination of a single-tooth 4S-8P PMFSM structure is the best choice according to the high performance of torque analysis.
Using Nonlinear Load DC Variables as Inputs for Harmonic Current Reduction
Authors: Yusof Yushaizad , Abd.Rahim Nasrudin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses new inputs for a single-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) using nonlinear load equivalent resistance estimation control strategy. The inputs are an average DC voltage and current of a current source nonlinear load. By using a MATLAB Simulink simulation tool, a model of single-phase AC system connected to the SAPF and nonlinear load is designed and its vital voltage and current variables are simulated. Various simulation results are presented and analysed in order to validate the effectiveness of proposed inputs. As a conclusion, the proposed control strategy with new inputs successfully achieved its objective to mitigate harmonic current and to compensate the reactive power with good performance.
Effects of Generator Ratings on Inertia and Frequency Response in Power Systems
Authors: Qaid Khaldon Ahmed , Gan Chin Kim , Salim Norhafiz Bin , Ibrahim Khairul Anwar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The increasing share of renewable generation integrated in the traditional power systems network has brought new challenges to the utility. More specifically, the high penetration of solar energy in the network will reduce the total system inertia which could jeopardize the system’s stability during contingency. The lack of inertia in the power system will increase the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF), which is harmful in the event of sudden load change. In this regard, this paper analyses the effects of generator ratings on system’s inertia and frequency response. The IEEE 9-BUS test system has been utilized in this paper to model the system’s inertia response under various contingency scenarios. The results show that small rating of generators can achieve 20% higher inertia response as compared to the case with larger generator ratings. This implies that system with smaller generators can better recover the system’s frequency than the large-scale generators of similar total rating.