bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of behavioral, morphological and electrophysiological changes in prenatal and postnatal valproate induced rat models of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fereshetyan Katarine , Chavushyan Vergine , Danielyan Margarita , Yenkoyan Konstantin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders, that are characterized by core symptoms, such as alterations of social communication and restrictive or repetitive behavior. The etiology and pathophysiology of disease is still unknown, however, there is a strong interaction between genetic and environmental factors. An intriguing point in autism research is identification the vulnerable time periods of brain development that lack compensatory homeostatic corrections. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug with a pronounced teratogenic effect associated with a high risk of ASD, and its administration to rats during the gestation is used for autism modeling. It has been hypothesized that valproate induced damage and functional alterations of autism target structures may occur and evolve during early postnatal life. Here, we used prenatal and postnatal administrations of VPA to investigate the main behavioral features which are associated with autism spectrum disorders core symptoms were tested in early juvenile and adult rats. Neuroanatomical lesion of autism target structures and electrophysiological studies in specific neural circuits. Our results showed that prenatal and early postnatal administration of valproate led to the behavioral alterations that were similar to ASD. Postnatally treated group showed tendency to normalize in adulthood. We found pronounced structural changes in the brain target regions of prenatally VPA-treated groups, and an absence of abnormalities in postnatally VPA-treated groups, which confirmed the different severity of VPA across different stages of brain development. The results of this study clearly show time dependent effect of VPA on neurodevelopment, which might be explained by temporal differences of brain regions’ development process. Presumably, postnatal administration of valproate leads to the dysfunction of synaptic networks that is recovered during the lifespan, due to the brain plasticity and compensatory ability of circuit refinement. Therefore, investigations of compensatory homeostatic mechanisms activated after VPA administration and directed to eliminate the defects in postnatal brain, may elucidate strategies to improve the course of disease.
Safety and effectiveness of reduced-port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Asian morbidly obese patients
Authors: Park Yeshong , Park Young Suk , Lee Sangjun , Kang So Hyun , Lee Eunju , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Suh Yun-Suhk , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung-Ho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is the most frequently performed surgical intervention in patients with morbid obesity. Single-port sleeve gastrectomy (SPSG) and reduced-port sleeve gastrectomy (RPSG) are increasingly reported in the literature. This study compared the short-term outcomes of SPSG, RPSG, and conventional laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (CLSG). This is a single-center retrospective study of 238 morbidly obese patients, of whom 148 (62.2%) patients completed follow-up one year after surgery. Propensity score matching was performed on factors influencing the choice of approach, and fifty patients from the SPSG + RPSG and CLSG groups were successfully matched. The groups were comparable in postoperative weight loss, morbidity, pain, and resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. The percentage of excess weight loss after one year was 90.0% in the SPSG + RPSG group and 75.2% in the CLSG group (P < 0.001). Complication rates showed no significant difference. The CLSG group was superior in dyslipidemia remission (17 [37.0%] vs. 28 [63.6%], P = 0.018) in the total cohort; however, this difference disappeared after matching. Our results suggest that single-port and reduced-port approaches could be alternative choices for selected patients. As our study was limited by its retrospective nature and potential selection bias, further studies are necessary to set standardized guidelines for SPSG.
Robust bacterial co-occurence community structures are independent of r- and K-selection history
Authors: Pettersen Jakob Peder , Gundersen Madeleine S. , Almaas Eivind 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelection for bacteria which are K-strategists instead of r-strategists has been shown to improve fish health and survival in aquaculture. We considered an experiment where microcosms were inoculated with natural seawater and the selection regime was switched from K-selection (by continuous feeding) to r-selection (by pulse feeding) and vice versa. We found the networks of significant co-occurrences to contain clusters of taxonomically related bacteria having positive associations. Comparing this with the time dynamics, we found that the clusters most likely were results of similar niche preferences of the involved bacteria. In particular, the distinction between r- or K-strategists was evident. Each selection regime seemed to give rise to a specific pattern, to which the community converges regardless of its prehistory. Furthermore, the results proved robust to parameter choices in the analysis, such as the filtering threshold, level of random noise, replacing absolute abundances with relative abundances, and the choice of similarity measure. Even though our data and approaches cannot directly predict ecological interactions, our approach provides insights on how the selection regime affects the composition of the microbial community, providing a basis for aquaculture experiments targeted at eliminating opportunistic fish pathogens.
Metabolic tumour volume on 18F-FDG PET/CT predicts extended pathological T stages in patients with renal cell carcinoma at staging
Authors: Kim Dongwoo , Lee Narae , Lee Suk Hyun , Kim Hyun Jeong , Hong Hye-Suk , Park Jee Soo , Cho Nam-Hoon , Choi Young Deuk , Ham Won Sik , Lee Seung Hwan , Han Woong Kyu , Yun Mijin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) for extended pathological T (pT) stages (≥ pT3a) in Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients at staging. Thirty-eight RCC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at staging, followed by radical nephrectomy between September 2016 and September 2018, were included in this prospective study. Patients were classified into two groups (limited pT stage: stage T1/2, n = 17; extended pT stage: T3/4, n = 21). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological and metabolic variables to predict extended pT stages. 18F-FDG metabolic parameters were compared in relation to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). In univariate analysis, maximum standardised uptake value, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and ISUP grade were significant. In multivariate analysis, MTV was the only significant factor of extended pT stages. With a cut-off MTV of 21.2, an area under the curve was 0.944, which was higher than 0.824 for clinical T stages (p = 0.037). In addition, high MTV, but not tumour size, was significantly correlated with aggressive pathologic features (ISUP grade and LVI). High glycolytic tumour volume on 18F-FDG PET/CT in RCC patients at staging is predictive of extended pT stages which could aid decision-making regarding the best type of surgery.
Adaptive demodulation by deep-learning-based identification of fractional orbital angular momentum modes with structural distortion due to atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Na Youngbin , Ko Do-Kyeong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the great success of optical communications utilizing orbital angular momentum (OAM), increasing the number of addressable spatial modes in the given physical resources has always been an important yet challenging problem. The recent improvement in measurement resolution through deep-learning techniques has demonstrated the possibility of high-capacity free-space optical communications based on fractional OAM modes. However, due to a tiny gap between adjacent modes, such systems are highly susceptible to external perturbations such as atmospheric turbulence (AT). Here, we propose an AT adaptive neural network (ATANN) and study high-resolution recognition of fractional OAM modes in the presence of turbulence. We perform simulations of fractional OAM beams propagating through a 1-km optical turbulence channel and analyze the effects of turbulence strength, OAM mode interval, and signal noise on the recognition performance of the ATANN. The recognition of multiplexed fractional modes is also investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of high-dimensional data transmission in the proposed deep-learning-based system. Our results show that the proposed model can predict transmitted modes with high accuracy and high resolution despite the collapse of structured fields due to AT and provide stable performance over a wide SNR range.
Clinical effectiveness of posterior-only approach using polyetheretherketone cage combined with single-segment instrumentation for lumbar tuberculosis in children
Authors: Xu Zhengquan , Chen Lanhua , Wang Changsheng , Zhang Liqun , Xu Weihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe sought to investigate the outcomes of posterior-only approach using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage combined with single-segment instrumentation (modified-approach) for mono-segment lumbar tuberculosis in children. Between February 2008 and August 2017 in our hospital, 18 children with single-segment lumbar tuberculosis enrolled in this study were treated by modified-approach. Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively analyzed. Mean follow-up time was 54.6 ± 12.1 months. No severe complications were noted to have occurred. Measures indicated there was satisfactory bone fusion for all patients. Mean Cobb angles were significantly decreased from preoperative angle (19.8° ± 13.1°) to those both postoperatively (− 4.9° ± 7.6°) and at final follow-up (− 3.5° ± 7.3°) (both P < 0.05), with a mean angle loss of 1.7° ± 0.9°. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) returned to normal levels for all patients within 3 months postoperatively. All patients had significant postoperative improvement in neurological performance. The modified-approach was an effective and feasible treatment option for mono-segment children with lumbar tuberculosis. Such procedures can likely help patients by increasing retainment of lumbar mobility and reducing invasiveness.
Decadal shifts in traits of reef fish communities in marine reserves
Authors: Hadj-Hammou Jeneen , McClanahan Tim R. , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMarine reserves are known to impact the biomass, biodiversity, and functions of coral reef fish communities, but the effect of protective management on fish traits is less explored. We used a time-series modelling approach to simultaneously evaluate the abundance, biomass, and traits of eight fish families over a chronosequence spanning 44 years of protection. We constructed a multivariate functional space based on six traits known to respond to management or disturbance and affect ecosystem processes: size, diet, position in the water column, gregariousness, reef association, and length at maturity. We show that biomass increased with a log-linear trend over the time-series, but abundance only increased after 20 years of closure, and with more variation among reserves. This difference is attributed to recovery rates being dependent on body sizes. Abundance-weighted traits and the associated multivariate space of the community change is driven by increased proportions over time of the trait categories: 7–15 cm body size; planktivorous; species low in the water column; medium-large schools; and species with high levels of reef association. These findings suggest that the trait compositions emerging after the cessation of fishing are novel and dynamic.
Conversion of a double-tetranuclear cluster silver helicate into a dihelicate via a rare desulfurization process
Authors: Fernández-Fariña Sandra , González-Barcia Luis M. , Romero María J. , García-Tojal Javier , Maneiro Marcelino , Seco José M. , Zaragoza Guillermo , Martínez-Calvo Miguel , González-Noya Ana M. , Pedrido Rosa 
Published: December 2021

We show the first example of a bisthiosemicarbazone silver double-tetranuclear cluster helicate [Ag4L2]2 obtained by electrochemical synthesis which undergoes a rare desulfurization process giving rise to a cationic silver dihelicate [Ag2(H2L)2]SO4.
An analysis of the convergence condition for narrowband FxLMS
Authors: Wen Hao‐xiang , Luo Huan , Yang Sen‐quan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis letter discusses the convergence condition of the narrowband FxLMS (NFxLMS) algorithm in Z‐domain. First, two new concepts about NFxLMS root locus, that is critical start point (CSP) and critical cross point (CCP), are introduced and defined. For NFxLMS with the simplest case, a special characteristic of the root locus is observed that the CCP always locates itself near the CSP in the Z plane. By exploiting this characteristic, directly solving the root locus equation is eliminated from the stability analysis, and the upper bound of the step size for NFxLMS is eventually estimated as a function of the reference frequency.
Spatial‐temporal attention and GRU based interpretable condition monitoring of offshore wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Su Xiangjing , Shan Yanhao , Li Chaojie , Mi Yang , Fu Yang , Dong Zhaoyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEffective monitoring and early warning of gearbox operating status are of great significance to the operation and maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind turbines (WTs). This study proposes a normal behaviour modelling (NBM) method based on the spatial‐temporal attention module and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), for the condition monitoring of offshore WT gearboxes. The proposed method has a superior performance by extracting the spatial and temporal features from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and also has the unique advantage of model interpretability. Specifically, in the NBM training stage, the spatial features of offshore wind farm SCADA data are extracted by the spatial attention module firstly. Then, the temporal features of the spatial feature sequences above are extracted and fused by the GRU network. Afterwards, the temporal attention module is applied to strengthen the expression of key time points. In the NBM testing stage, the output residual between the predicted and the measured values is calculated and monitored by the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NBM method are verified by detailed simulations on the Donghai Bridge offshore wind farm.
Fast direction of arrival estimation method for ultra‐high voltage converter valve insulation board partial discharge based on a sparse array
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Liu Jiashuo , Lai Tingyu , Wei Xiaoguang , Pei Shaotong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn insulation board is an important insulator used between damping capacitors in a converter valve. The potential creeping discharge phenomenon on the insulation board will affect the insulation between the damping capacitors and even the safe operation of the converter valve; therefore, a modified chaos particle swarm optimization multiple signal classification (MCSPO‐MUSIC) localization algorithm based on a sparse array was proposed. The performance of the localization algorithm and the sparse array was analyzed by MATLAB simulation, and a test platform was established to detect the insulation board discharge position localization. The simulation results showed that the calculation time of this algorithm is about 1.5 s, which is an order of magnitude less than traditional MUSIC algorithm, and it is found that when the sparsity of the 4 × 4 array is 4 (the sparse array elements are 5, 9, 14 and 15), the localization accuracy remains high. Ten groups of experimental data were put into the MCSPO‐MUSIC algorithm; the root mean square errors (RMSE) of the localization errors are 1.91° (non‐sparse array) and 3.12° (sparse array), respectively. Finally, the blind source separation algorithm was used to remove the field noise, which verifies the algorithm and sparse concept accurate and economical in practical application.
The effect of pumpkin seed cake and ground cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) supplementation on gastrointestinal nematode egg shedding in sheep
Authors: Ježek Jožica , Mirtič Karmen , Rešetič Nina , Hodnik Jaka Jakob , Vergles Rataj Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed additives (pumpkin seed cake and cloves) on the egg excretion of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep. Thirty ewes naturally infected with GIN were randomly selected from a flock and assigned to the following groups of 10 animals each: clove group (received 1.8 g ground cloves/ewe/day, for 7 days), pumpkin seed cake group (200 g pumpkin seed cake/ewe/day, for 7 days) and control group. Before starting the study, on day 0, and 5 days after the 7-day supplementation, on day 12, the body condition and FAMACHA scores were assessed and individual faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed. The mean body condition and the FAMACHA scores did not change significantly between day 0 and 12 with the exception of a significantly deteriorated FAMACHA score in the clove group. The percentage reduction of FEC was 40.7% on day 12 in the clove group and 52.9% in the pumpkin seed cake group. In the control group, FEC increased by 8.7%. A coproculture of faecal samples from four of the most infected animals on day 0 revealedTrichostrongylusspp. larvae L3 in all four selected ewes,Ostertagiaspp. andCooperiaspp. in three andHaemonchus contortusin one ewe. These results are promising and encourage further studies aimed to evaluate the possibility that these plant supplements could be a complementary method for parasite control, thus reducing the need for chemotherapy.
„Liebe“ und „Zärtlichkeit“ als subjektive Bedürfnisse psychiatrischer Patienten
Authors: Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird vorgeschlagen, die Einschränkung des Dialogprinzips und der Ausrichtung auf einen anderen durch die psychiatrische Erkrankung als primäre Verursachung der scheinbaren Abwesenheit von „Liebe“ und „Zärtlichkeit“ bei den Patienten zu sehen, auch wenn sich diese Gefühle und Impulse im Rahmen von Psychopathologie und Pathophysiologie der jeweiligen psychiatrischen Erkrankung in veränderter, meist in selbstbezüglicher Weise zeigen. Erst wenn in behutsamer psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Behandlung die Orientierung auf einen anderen, z. B. den Therapeuten, gelingt, kann der Betroffene wieder beginnen, eine Brücke zu einem Mitmenschen zu schlagen und damit offen zu werden für echte bilaterale Liebesbeziehungen.
Die Liebe als innerseelischer Protest
Authors: Eirund Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird diskutiert, inwiefern eine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen der „Liebe“ überhaupt möglich ist. Dabei werden Schwierigkeiten in der Definition des Begriffs sowie einem wissenschaftlich fundierten Verständnis des Phänomens der Liebe aufgezeigt. Diese liegen weniger in der Breite seiner nicht nur fachlichen Anwendung, sondern vor allem in einem Wesenszug dessen begründet, was die Liebe als aktive Intention ausmacht. Vor dem Hintergrund dessen wird das Erleben von Liebe in den Kontext der Lebensspanne gestellt. Abschließend wird eine Deutung von Liebe vorgeschlagen, die sie weniger im Sinne eines definierbaren psychologischen Phänomens versteht, sondern eine Bedeutung als Metapher impliziert, die sich der menschlichen Erkenntnis seiner physischen Endlichkeit grundsätzlich entgegenstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Liebe als Idee eines seelischen Protestes interpretiert, der sich ähnlich einem künstlerischen Prozess zwar weiterhin einer strengen wissenschaftlichen oder gar naturwissenschaftlichen Definition entzieht, ihm aber dennoch einen Platz in der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit einräumt.
Size effect of the Ge2Sb2Te5 cell atop the silicon nitride O-ring resonator on the attenuation coefficient
Authors: Lazarenko Petr , Kovalyuk Vadim , An Pavel , Prokhodtsov Aleksey , Golikov Alexander , Sherchenkov Aleksey , Kozyukhin Sergey , Fradkin Ilia , Chulkova Galina , Goltsman Gregory 
Published: December 2021

We have studied transmission spectra of a silicon nitride O-ring resonator with a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin-film cover. We have performed numerical simulations of the transmission, absorption, reflection, and scattering for the GST cells of various thicknesses and lengths and have also measured transmission spectra O-ring resonators for GST cells of various length and phase states. An analysis of the changes in the Q-factors has enabled us to identify the region of the GST cells where light scattering and absorption dominate and find the size dependence of amorphous and crystalline GST attenuation coefficients. The demonstrated results pave the way to high energy-efficient on-chip devices of a small footprint that can be switched either optically or electrically.
Parallel genomic responses to historical climate change and high elevation in East Asian songbirds
Authors: Cheng Yalin , Miller Matthew J. , Zhang Dezhi , Xiong Ying , Hao Yan , Jia Chenxi , Cai Tianlong , Li Shou-Hsien , Johansson Ulf S. , Liu Yang , Chang Yongbin , Song Gang , Qu Yanhua , Lei Fumin 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceA reduction in heterozygosity may limit the opportunity for species facing the same selective pressures to evolve parallel adaptation. Examining 19 East Asian tits’ genomes, we find a pattern of lower heterozygosity in western endemics compared with that found in both eastern endemics and widespread taxa, consistent with expectations of demographic contraction driven by late-Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Comparisons among both endemic and widespread tits find disproportionate levels of genetic differentiation between pairs of lowland and highland tits in genomic regions that are enriched for genes that may be associated with the oxygen transport cascade and/or thermogenesis. However, evolution did not occur in the same genes, and populations with higher heterozygosity did not show higher levels of parallel evolution as predicted.
Representation learning of RNA velocity reveals robust cell transitions
Authors: Qiao Chen , Huang Yuanhua 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The recently introduced RNA velocity methods, by leveraging the intrinsic RNA splicing process, have shown their unique capability of identifying the directionality of the cell differentiation trajectory. However, due to the minimal amount of unspliced RNA contents, the estimation of RNA velocity suffers from high noise and may result in less reliable trajectories. Here, we present Velocity Autoencoder (VeloAE), a tailored autoencoder to denoise RNA velocity for more accurate quantification of cell transitions. Through various biological systems, we demonstrate its effectiveness for correcting the inferred trajectory and its interpretability for linking the learned dimensions to underlying biological processes.