bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of specific and recurrent/founder pathogenic variants in BRCA genes in breast and ovarian cancer in North Africa
Authors: Elbiad Oubaida , Laraqui Abdelilah , Boukhrissi Fatima , Mounjid Chaimae , Lamsissi Meryam , Elannaz Hicham , Lahlou Amine Idriss , Kouach Jaouad , Benchekroune Khadija , Oukabli Mohammed , Sbitti Yassir , Chahdi Hafsa , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha , Tanz Rachid , Ichou Mohammed , Ennibi Khalid , Badaoui Bouabid , Sekhsokh Yassine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Elucidation of specific and recurrent/founder pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA (BRCA1 and BRCA2) genes can have an impact on breast cancer (BC) and/or ovarian cancer (OC) risk, making genetic testing affordable and accessible.
Methods
To establish the knowledge about BRCA PVs and to determine the prevalence of the specific and recurrent/founder variants in BRCA genes in BC and/or OC women in North Africa, a systematic review was conducted in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
Results
Search of the databases yielded 25 relevant references, including eleven studies in Morocco, five in Algeria, and nine in Tunisia. Overall, 15 studies investigated both BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, four studies examined the entire coding region of the BRCA1 gene, and six studies in which the analysis was limited to a few BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 exons. Overall, 76 PVs (44 in BRCA1 and 32 in BRCA2) were identified in 196 BC and/or OC patients (129 BRCA1 and 67 BRCA2 carriers). Eighteen of the 76 (23.7%) PVs [10/44 (22.7%) in BRCA1 and 8/32 (25%) in BRCA2] were reported for the first time and considered to be novel PVs. Among those identified as unlikely to be of North African origin, the BRCA1 c.68_69del and BRCA1 c.5266dupC Jewish founder alleles and PVs that have been reported as recurrent/founder variants in European populations (ex: BRCA1 c.181T > G, BRCA1 c1016dupA). The most well characterized PVs are four in BRCA1 gene [c.211dupA (14.7%), c.798_799detTT (14%), c.5266dup (8.5%), c.5309G > T (7.8%), c.3279delC (4.7%)] and one in BRCA2 [c.1310_1313detAAGA (38.9%)]. The c.211dupA and c.5309G > T PVs were identified as specific founder variants in Tunisia and Morocco, accounting for 35.2% (19/54) and 20.4% (10/49) of total established BRCA1 PVs, respectively. c.798_799delTT variant was identified in 14% (18/129) of all BRCA1 North African carriers, suggesting a founder allele. A broad spectrum of recurrent variants including BRCA1 3279delC, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.1310_1313detAAGA was detected in 42 patients. BRCA1 founder variants explain around 36.4% (47/129) of BC and outnumber BRCA2 founder variants by a ratio of ≈ 3:1.
Conclusion
Testing BC and/or OC patients for the panel of specific and recurrent/founder PVs might be the most cost-effective molecular diagnosis strategy.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of Obstetric Infection After the Universal Two-child Policy in North China: A 5-year Retrospective Study Based on 268, 311 Cases
Authors: Huiqing Yuan , Yuan Huiqing , Zhang Cui , Fan Songli , Shi Zijia , Liao Fang , Wang Shuo , Jin Ying , Wang Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeObstetrical infection is one of the causes of maternal death and a difficult problem for many clinicians. Changes in the demographic and obstetric background of pregnant women following the Universal Two-Child Policy may have an impact on some fertility phenomena. Therefore, more studies based on the change of fertility policy are needed. We try to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of obstetric infection before and after the Universal Two-Child Policy, with a view to providing reference for the prevention and control of obstetric infection in regions after the change of fertility policy. MethodsThe subjects of the survey were 268,311 pregnant women from Hebei Province Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System (HBMNMSS) of Hebei Women and Children's Health Center from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. We analyzed the region , time and population distribution characteristics of obstetric infection, compared the epidemiological factors of obstetric infection before and after the Universal Two-Child Policy , and analyzed the relevant risk factors of obstetric infection. ResultsThe incidence of obstetric infection increased nearly twice after the Universal Two-Child Policy. The incidence of obstetric infection was highest in Chengde(1.9%), a city with a northward geographical distribution, Baoding (1.6%), Cangzhou (1.5%) followed; The higher the hospital grade, the higher the incidence; The incidence of obstetric infections in hospitals at all levels has increased; The age of onset before the Universal Two-Child Policy was (27.82±5.047) years old, and the age after the Universal Two-Child Policy was (28.97±4.880) years old; The incidence of obstetric infections is higher in winter. The rate of abortion-related infection (increased from 0.61% to 1.65%) and the rate of pregnant women with high school education (increased from 0.35% to 0.74%) increased significantly. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis after the Universal Two-Child Policy showed that anemia (OR=1.249, 95%CI: 1.071-1.458), chronic hypertension (OR=1.934, 95%CI: 1.375-2.722), mild preeclampsia (OR=2.103, 95%CI: 1.323-3.344) and severe preeclampsia (OR=2.228, 95%CI: 1.703-2.916) were independent risk factors for obstetric infection. Gestational age ≥37 weeks was a protective factor. Conclusions﻿After the Universal Two-Child Policy, the prevention and control of obstetric infections should be strengthened, especially for abortion-related infections and elderly maternal with obstetric complications and complication in high-grade hospitals in winter. Educational background is also one of the factors that should be considered in the prevention of obstetric sensation. Prolonging gestational age is helpful to reduce the incidence of obstetric infection.
Percepta Genomic Sequencing Classifier And Decision-Making In Patients With High-Risk Lung Nodules: A Decision Impact Study
Authors: Sonali Sethi , Oh Scott , Chen Alexander , Bellinger Christina , Lofaro Lori , Johnson Marla , Huang Jing , Bhorade Sangeeta Maruti , Bulman William , Kennedy Giulia C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Incidental and screening-identified lung nodules are common, and a bronchoscopic evaluation is frequently nondiagnostic. The Percepta Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC) is a genomic classifier developed in current and former smokers which can be used for further risk stratification in these patients. Percepta GSC has the capability of up-classifying patients with a pre-bronchoscopy risk that is high (>60%) to “very high risk” with a positive predictive value of 91.5%. This prospective, randomized decision impact survey was designed to test the hypothesis that an up-classification of risk of malignancy from high to very high will increase the rate of referral for surgical or ablative therapy without additional intervening procedures while increasing physician confidence.Methods: Data were collected from 37 cases from the Percepta GSC validation cohort in which the pre-bronchoscopy risk of malignancy was high (>60%), the bronchoscopy was nondiagnostic, and the patient was up-classified to very high risk by Percepta GSC. The cases were randomly presented to U.S pulmonologists in three formats: a pre-post cohort where each case is presented initially without and then with a GSG result, and two independent cohorts where each case is presented either with or without with a GSC result. Physicians were surveyed with respect to subsequent management steps and confidence in that decision.Results: One hundred and one survey takers provided a total of 1341 evaluations of the 37 patient cases across the three different cohorts. The rate of recommendation for surgical resection was significantly higher in the independent cohort with a GSC result compared to the independent cohort without a GSC result (45% vs. 17%, p<0.001) In the pre-post cross-over cohort, the rate increased from 17% to 56% (p<0.001) following the review of the GSC result. A GSC up-classification from high to very high risk of malignancy increased Pulmonologists’ confidence in decision-making following a nondiagnostic bronchoscopy.Conclusions: Use of the Percepta GSC classifier will allow more patients with early lung cancer to proceed more rapidly to potentially curative therapy while decreasing unnecessary intervening diagnostic procedures following a nondiagnostic bronchoscopy.Trial registration: not applicable
Exploring the Effect of Nightly Infusion Pump Alarms on Sleep in the Hospital
Authors: Kooten Jojanneke AMC van , Koomen Erik , de Ven Kees P. van , Patel Mit , Grotel Martine van , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Litsenburg Raphaële R.L. van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Optimal sleep helps parents and children cope with life-threatening disease. However, hospital-surroundings are noisy, negatively affecting sleep quality and quantity. We aimed to determine sleep quantity; sleep satisfaction; their relation to infusionpump alarms in pediatric cancer patients and parents; and sleep quality and daytime impairment in parents.
Methods

Patients (2–18 years), admitted for scheduled anti-cancer therapy were eligible, as were inrooming parents. Frequency and duration of nightly infusion pump alarms were recorded. Patients and parents wore an accelerometer to assess sleep quantity (sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, night awakenings), additionally daily sleep satisfaction was assessed. Parents filled out questionnaires on sleep quality (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance, Insomnia Severity Index) and daytime impairment (PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment, PROMIS Fatigue). Sleep quality scores were compared to norms. In children and parents the relation between alarms and sleep was assessed using multilevel analyses.
Results

Nineteen children (age 8.8 ± 4.9 years, 40 nights) and 30 parents (age 41.1 ± 6.3, 46 nights) participated (response 78%). Nightly alarms sounded median 3 times / 6 minutes in parents and 5 times / 10 minutes in children. Parents scored worse than the norm on sleep disturbances (P .01), but not on daytime impairment, 16% experienced clinical insomnia. There was no relation between alarms and sleep quantity or satisfaction for children and parents.
Conclusions

This explorative study showed that alarms sound frequently at night and parents sleep poorly during admissions. However, sleep of children and parents and alarms were not significantly related here. Future research should identify and improve (other) disrupting factors in the hospital.
Hydrogeochemical Responses of Cave Drip Water to the Local Climate in Liangfeng Cave, Southwest China
Authors: Wu Xia , Pan Moucheng , Zhang Meiliang , Cao Jianhua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The hydrogeochemistry of cave drip water is an important environmental index in cave systems, and drip water monitoring may be an essential solution for paleoclimate reconstructions. We measured the hydrogeochemical properties of the seasonal and perennial drip water and CO2 concentrations from 2015 to 2019 in Liangfeng Cave, Guilin, Southwest China. This study identified the difference in the regional environmental records in perennial and seasonal drip water. By comparing the regional climate data recorded by the drip water, the results showed the perennial drip water recorded regional climate information throughout the year, while the seasonal drip water only recorded the high precipitation periods. The precipitation during the 2015 dry season was abnormally high, which not sure what index is higher than the values in other rainy seasons. This indicates that hydrogeochemistry only represents changes in precipitation and not the alternation of dry and rainy seasons during this period.
A New Measure of Population Health in a Complex Sampling Survey: The 2019 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey – Unweighted, Weighted, and Imputed Weighted Data
Authors: Li Changle , Miles Toni , Shen Ye , Bayakly Rana , Ido Moses , Khan M Mahmoud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Measuring population health requires a well-defined denominator. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) is designed to provide one for state-level populations. In 2019, the U.S. state of Georgia tested a new module to study recent bereavement among its 8.1 million residents aged 18 years and older. This is the first population-level assessment of bereavement. In BRFSS, bereavement is defined as the fact of a death. The term grief is not used because it denotes emotions related to that death. There is evidence from cohort studies linking new bereavement to subsequent mortality and health care utilization. Methods: BRFSS data are obtained using list-assisted, random digit dialing from the non-institutionalized population aged 18 years and older within primary statistical units. Data came from both landline telephones and cellular phones. Three questions were added to the end of the latest BRFSS asking about death of family or friend in 2018 or 2019. To evaluate data from this new module, the report presents three statistical approaches - unweighted panel data, weighted data, and weighted data using multiple imputation of missing responses. The estimated prevalence of bereavement and its standard error under each data scenario is calculated. Results: The threat to the validity of data from this new module are bias due to small samples and missingness. The unweighted panel contains 5,206 persons (70.9 percent response). Among these, 2,396 persons (46.0 %) responded ‘Yes’ to ‘Have you experienced the death of a family member or close friend in the years 2018 or 2019? To estimate the size of the population, weights are applied. With weighted data and removal of missing responses yields a prevalence of 45.56 % (SE = 1.13) with a population estimate of 4,937,056 persons. Using multiple imputation to keep missing responses, the prevalence is 45.80 % (SE = 1.18) with a denominator of 8,164,018 persons. Conclusions: New bereavement can be ascertained in a surveillance survey without bias due to refusals. Multiple imputation provides a population size estimate that is comparable to U.S. Census bureau. More field testing is required to replicate these results in other states.
Determinants of Associated Events Following AZD1222 (Covishield) Vaccination in a High-Risk Population in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Kapil Madi , Shah Neha , Prakash Manab , Deo Santosh Kumar , Bhandari Sunita , Poudel Tika Ram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and helps reduce mortality rate and economic costs associated with the pandemic. Despite these advantages, misinformation and rumors on vaccine safety and efficacy can lead to increased hesitation or fear towards vaccination. This study reports the incidence of adverse events following Covishield vaccination, their associated factors, medication used for their management, and attitudes about vaccine safety. Methods: A randomised cross-sectional study was conducted from the sample of Covishield-vaccinated individuals from a secondary hospital, two primary health centres, and 36 health posts in eastern Nepal. Individuals (n = 602) were randomly sampled from a population (N = 1013) who had received the first dose of Covishield, namely frontline workers and other high-risk populations. The second-round follow-up had 516 participants. Association of incidence and severity of post-vaccination events with socio-demographic variables, comorbidity status, and medication use were estimated. Results: Among the 79.9% of participants who reported adverse events after receiving the first dose, two-thirds of complaints were mild (67.4%, 95% CI 63.2–71.6) with the most common complaint being pain at the injection site (86.5%). Paracetamol or its combination were used in majority cases (95.2%). After the second dose, only 31.2% (95% CI 27.2–35.2) reported adverse events, the overwhelming majority of which were mild (95.7%) and required a lower frequency of medication (7.4% vs. 25.9%). Adverse Event following immunization were significantly associated with being 18–30 years old (χ2 = 16.9, df = 3, p < 0.001) and female gender (χ2 = 5.2, df = 1, p < 0.05). Prior to the first dose, 86.0% of participants (95% CI 83.3–88.8%) perceived the vaccine to be safe, and 96.0% recommended the vaccine post-vaccination, while 96.8% were interested in receiving the second dose.Conclusions: Overall, vaccination associated events were mild and majority were managed with paracetamol or its combination. Effective counselling about adverse events before vaccination should be prioritised to reduce hesitation and fear.
Is There a Difference in The “Out-Of-Pocket” Costs of Cancer Treatment When Comparing Patients From The Brazilian National Health System With Patients Enrolled in Clinical Research Protocols?
Authors: Artioli Thiago , Turke Karine Corcione , Sarafyan Aline Hernandez Marquez , Ortolani Beatriz Boos , von Schmadel Ingrid Victoria Maria Biondo Edle , Ferreira Lucas Alves Domiciano , Silva Eduardo Couto , Cruz Isabel Pinho Mariano da , Pagani Julye Tainah de Fatima Seminari , Monteiro Pamela dos Santos , Turke Camille Corcione , Cubero Daniel de Iracema , Sette Cláudia Vaz de Melo , Giglio Auro del 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Economic burden of cancer treatment does not fall only on the Brazilian National Health System (“SUS”) but also on patients. Nonreimbursed indirect costs include noncovered oral medications, food, transportation, and others. Our study compares out-of-pocket costs of cancer treatment between patients from the SUS and patients enrolled in research protocols.
Methods

Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in 2021. Patients undergoing chemotherapy were divided into 2 groups: patients from a tertiary hospital affiliated with the SUS and patients enrolled in research protocols at a research center. The primary outcome was the evaluation of out-of-pocket costs using a socioeconomic questionnaire to identify the cost and time spent by patients during treatment. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee.
Results

195 patients were included, of whom 165 (84.6%) were treated by the SUS and 30 (15.4%) by research protocols. Of the total, 61% were female, and the mean age of the patients was 57 years. The median total out-of-pocket costs of SUS patients was Brazilian reais (R$) 453.80 (US$ 78.92), and that of patients who were enrolled in research protocols was R$ 448.00 (US$ 77.91) (P = 0.317). A comparison of the groups by multivariate analysis showed that only the time spent by patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy was significantly different, being higher in the SUS group (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.03–6.50).
Conclusion

Total out-of-pocket spending by SUS patients is similar in magnitude to that by patients in research protocols, although the reasons for the spending are different.
Extracellular Vesicles and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review
Authors: Gomez Nancy , James Victoria , Onion David , Fairclough Lucy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, ranking the third highest cause of death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important intercellular communication mediators released by cells into their extracellular environment with the capacity to transfer biological signals. EVs involved in COPD hold great potential to understand disease pathogenesis and identify important biomarkers. This systematic review aims to examine all available research on EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of COPD to identify existing knowledge and support further research within the field. Methods: Publications were searched using PubMed and EMBASE with the search terms (Exosomes or extracellular vesicles or microvesicles or microparticles or ectosomes) AND (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD or emphysema or bronchitis). Results: Initial search yielded 358 papers of which 94 were manually selected for review and 27 were eligible for analyses. The studies were divided into groups according to the role of EVs in pathogenesis, EV origin and cargo, their role in COPD exacerbations and their diagnostic utility. EVs were found to be involved in the mechanism of pathogenesis of COPD, derived from various cell types, as well as containing modified levels of miRNAs. EVs also varied according to the pathophysiological status of disease, therefore presenting a possible method for COPD diagnosis and progress monitoring. Conclusion: The current findings show the limited but good quality research looking at the role of EVs in COPD, demonstrating the need for more studies to better define and provide further insight into the functional characteristics of EV in COPD pathogenesis.
Regulating Surface and Local Chemistry in High Na-content P2-type Cathode to Achieve Ultrahigh Power and Low Temperature Sodium Storage
Authors: Shi Qinhao , Qi Ruijuan , Feng Xiaochen , Wang Jing , Li Yong , Yao Zhenpeng , Wang Xuan , Li Qianqian , Lu Xionggang , Zhang Jiujun , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Application of sodium ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage demands electrode materials that facilitate fast and stable charge storage from room-temperature to sub-zero temperature range. The key issues that hinder P2-type layered oxides from achieving such goals are their unsatisfied charge transfer kinetics and unavoidable surface fading. Herein, we report a P2-type Na0.78Ni0.31Mn0.67Nb0.02O2 whereby the trace Nb substitution simultaneously reduces the electronic band gap and ionic diffusion energy barrier, thus enables fast electron and Na+ mobility (~10-9 cm s-1 at -40 °C). While the Nb induced atomic-scale surface pre-construction efficiently prevents the electrolyte penetration and surface metal dissolution. The material demonstrates a record high rate capability (50 C), unprecedented low temperature performance and ultrahigh cycling stability (98% capacity retention at -40 °C with 76% capacity remaining after 1800 cycles). Different from literatures, this work shows that complete solid-solution is not always critical for high rate performance.