bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrolyte Changes in Contemporary Hemodialysis: A Secondary Analysis of the Monitoring in Dialysis Study
Authors: Correa Simon , Scovner Katherine Mikovna , Tumlin James A. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Koplan Bruce A. , Costea Alexandru I. , Kher Vijay , Williamson Don , Pokhariyal Saurabh , McClure Candace K. , Mc Causland Finnian R. , Charytan David M. ,   on behalf of the MiD Investigators and Committees,   MiD Investigators and Committees
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Electrolyte fluxes after contemporary HD and the relationship between serum electrolytes and dialysate prescription remain understudied.HCO3, Ca, and albumin increased, whereas K, Mg, and PO4 decreased immediately post-HD. Dynamic changes followed at 15- and 30-minutes post-HD.We provide predictive models to estimate the pre- to post-HD change in serum electrolytes. Validation of models is warranted.

Background
There is a paucity of contemporary data examining electrolyte changes during and immediately after hemodialysis (HD), and their relationship with dialysate prescriptions. This study examines these relationships.

Methods
We analyzed patient (n=66) and HD session–level pre and postdialysis laboratory data (n=1713) over a 6-month period from the Monitoring in Dialysis Study. We fit mixed-effects regression models to analyze electrolyte, BUN, creatinine, and albumin levels immediately post-HD, accounting for pre-HD and dialysate prescriptions. In a subset of US patients (n=40), 15-minute post-HD and 30-minute post-HD values were available at one session. Predictive models were fit to estimate electrolyte levels immediately post-HD, accounting for pre-HD concentrations and dialysate prescriptions.

Results
Serum bicarbonate, calcium, and albumin increased (mean increase 4.9±0.3 mEq/L, 0.7±0.1 mEq/L, and 0.4±0.03 g/dl, respectively), whereas potassium, magnesium, and phosphate decreased immediately post-HD (mean −1.2±0.1 mEq/L, −0.3±0.03 mEq/L, and −3.0±0.2 mg/dl, respectively). Hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia were present in 40% and 67% of immediate post-HD samples, respectively. Dynamic changes were observed in electrolyte concentrations at 15- and 30-minutes post-HD, compared with immediately post-HD.

Conclusions
We describe the magnitude of postdialytic changes in serum electrolytes with contemporary HD, reporting a high incidence of electrolyte abnormalities post-HD, and present predictive nomograms relating electrolyte changes immediately post-HD to dialysate prescriptions. Our results may be useful for clinical care and provide insights for future research on dialysate prescriptions.
Green areas in Białystok
Authors: Niedzielko Jolanta , Łochnicka Agata 
Published: February 2021

This work contains a description of four housing estates in Białystok from different decades of the 20th century. The approximate percentage of green areas in these states was determined based on available sources. Existing development plans were analysed with a view to the records regarding greenery. Own observations allowed to define the state of green areas – their functions, accessibility, quality and relation to space. The results of the analysis made it possible to discuss the observed problems and indicated the ways to solve them.
Magneto-optical surface plasmon resonances on perpendicular magnetic thin films consisting of CoPt/ZnO/Ag stacked nanolayers
Authors: Yamane Haruki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magneto-plasmonic phenomena on CoPt/ZnO/Ag stacked nanolayers were investigated in polar Kerr excitation geometry. The nanolayer displays an ideal square-shaped out-of-plane magnetic hysteresis loop with a large polar Kerr activity. The surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) induce drastic magneto-optical (MO) responses with a narrow linewidth and a sharp reversal of the Kerr polarity. The CoPt/ZnO/Ag nanolayer is a candidate for high-performance chemical sensor elements. For example, an MO‒SPR sensor with a Pd surface layer was applied for hydrogen detection. The Pd layer acts as a transducer for both hydrogen detection and plasmon response. Substantial MO responses to the exposure of hydrogen gas can be observed. The results show that the polarized sensing signal is not affected by the intensity of the incident light. The use of the new type of MO‒SPR element with polar Kerr activity leads to a stable chemical sensing system with a simple measurement configuration.
Analysis of degradation mechanisms in GaN-based light-emitting diodes under reverse-bias stress: effects of defects and junction-temperature increase
Authors: Zheng Dong-Guang , Shim Jong-In , Shin Dong-Soo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Degradation phenomena of GaN-based blue LEDs are investigated from comprehensive electrical, optical, and thermal analyses. After constant reverse-bias stress, the LED sample under investigation shows permanent degradations indicated by increases both in the tunneling/sidewall leakage current in the low-current region and the nonradiative current in the high-current region. A subsequent decrease in series resistance and increase in junction temperature are also observed. The degradation at high currents is analyzed in terms of the radiative recombination current utilizing the information of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE), which has been rarely attempted. All of the observed degradations can be attributed to the increase in defect density in the active layer of the LED chip under reverse-bias stress. This work emphasizes that many important reliability-related features of LEDs are functions of defects and the junction temperature and that the IQE can provide crucial information in the analysis. The increased junction temperature would have further detrimental effects on the device performance and eventually lead to device failure. The analyses presented in this work shed more light on understanding the degradation phenomena in the GaN-based LEDs under reverse-bias stress.
Pulsed azimuthally polarized beam from passively Q-switched rotating Nd:YAG disk laser
Authors: Chen San-Bin , Li Jian-Lang , Ueda Ken-Ichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A azimuthally polarized laser pulse was produced from a passively Q-switched rotating Nd:YAG disk laser with a Cr4+:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber and a uniaxial YVO4 crystal as the polarization selection. The averaged laser power reached 5.04 W with a slope efficiency of 40%. The laser pulse had a maximum peak power of 4.3 kW, minimum pulse duration of 31.07 ns, and a 37.3 kHz repetition rate at absorbed pump power 15.93 W. The polarization degree of the azimuthally polarized beam was measured to be about 97.3%. Such an azimuthally polarized laser pulse is important to numerous applications.
Nature Republic dan Innisfree Sebagai Soft Power Brand Ambasador and Personality Korea Selatan di Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Aditya Putra 
Published: February 2021

Brand Ambassador is an instrument of achieving the interests of the state which is popularly used South Korea as one example of countries that use their Brand Using (Hallyu) as the mediums to get achieved success in Indonesia. in 2002, Indonesia began to look at South Korea by showing Korean drama with the introduction of Korean drama in Indonesia through private television. The reason for the development of Korean pop culture (Korean Wave) in Indonesia is the embodiment of globalization. In the communication and cultural dimensions, South Korea is increasingly recognized by the Indonesian public drama that aired in Indonesia became the gateway for the entry of other Korean cultural products or known by the name Hallyu / Korean Wave, such as Korean pop music (K-Pop), Korean food (K-Food ), and Korean language and letters (Hangeul). It also makes many products made in Korea also enter Indonesia, including cosmetics, automotive, electronics, etc. As a form of Korean Nation Brand in Indonesia. So, Indonesian people can feel about (Hallyu) that came in. The purpose of this study will look at how Indonesia's attitude in responding to it and what is driving Indonesia's response to the phenomenon of Korean Skincare that uses as Diplomacy in Indonesia.
Responses of Local Wheat Varieties to Greenbug Schizaphus graminum and Bird-Cherry Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi Infestation
Authors: Al-Hussine Haider D. , Alyousuf Aqeel A. 
Published: February 2021

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to assess the sensitivity of 12 varieties of local wheat varieties (IPA-95, IPA-99, Abu-Ghreib, Babel-113, Bhooth-10, Bhooth-22, and Bhooth-158, Baraka, Tammuz, Fatih, Latifia and Rasheed) against infestation by Greenbug Shizaphis graminum and Bird-Cherry Oat Aphid Rhopalosihum padi in the province of Basrah. The field trial was carried out in Al-Nashwa district, county of Shatt Al-Arab, during the growing season 2019/2020. The first infestation of R. padi appeared on 9/1/2020, and reached the peak of population density on 30/1/2020, while the first appearance of S. graminum was on 17/1/2020; it reached its peak on 13/2/2020. The results of responses of local wheat varieties to the infestation of Greenbug showed that the highest average population density of greenbug was on Bhooth-158, Abu-Ghraib, Bhooth-22, and Babel-113 reaching 51.59, 17.84, 16.41, and 16.63 aphids/plant, respectively. Whereas the lowest population densities were at Fatih, Tammuz, Bhooth-10, Rasheed, and IPA-99, with averages of 8.28, 8.09, 8.87, 7.19, and 7.62 aphids.plant-1, respectively. The highest density rate of R. padi was recorded on the cultivars IPA-95 and Abu-Ghraib, with an average of 139.83 and 169.31 aphids.plant-1 respectively, while the verities Bhooth-22, Bhooth-158, and IPA-99 recorded the lowest population density rate (89.03, 99.41, and 100.25 aphids.plant-1) compared to the other varieties. The results of the chemical analysis determined the proportions of some metabolites of the local wheat varieties and their relationship to the infestation of Greenbug and showed that phenols have an effective role by reducing the population density of aphids. The verities Rasheed and IPA-99 which recorded low population rates of the aphids have the highest rates of phenols at a rate of 7 and 6.78 mg.100g-1 dry weight Also, varieties Abu-Ghraib, IPA-99, and Rasheed cultivars recorded the highest productivity rates (weight of thousand grains), with an average of 33.47, 43, and 67.42 g, respectively.
"Inútiles totales", una novela corta de Zúñiga
Authors: Baquero Escudero Ana L. 
Published: February 2021

El estudio aborda el análisis de Inútiles totales de Zúñiga, como obra inicial de su trayectoria literaria y única novela corta dentro de la misma. En él se ha pretendido mostrar la acertada elección de tal género para la configuración de la presente historia, en cuyo desarrollo se advierte la habitual confluencia, en la obra del escritor, de experiencia vital y literaria. Junto a la conexión con las circunstancias históricas bélicas que marcarán algunas de sus obras posteriores, el trabajo pone de relieve la innegable influencia de la tradición literaria, al erigirse como el tema central del texto el viejo motivo de los dos amigos enamorados de la misma mujer. En el manejo del mismo, por parte de Zúñiga, se advierte la huella de uno de sus principales modelos literarios, Turguénev, así como la incorporación de una figura especialmente significativa en el escritor ruso, como el hombre inútil.
IMPACT OF ZOO VISITORS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF PERSIAN LIONS PANTHERA LEO PERSICA AND AMUR LEOPARD PANTHERA PARDUS ORIENTALIS
Authors: Денисова Елена Валерьевна , Веселова Наталья Александровна 
Published: February 2021

В исследовании проанализированы поведенческие реакции азиатских львов Panthera leo persica и дальневосточного леопарда Panthera pardus orientalis на присутствие разного количества посетителей, их воздействие на животных, а также характер использования пространства вольера в Московском зоопарке.The study analyzed data on the behavioral responses of Persian lions Panthera leo persica and Amur leopard Panthera pardus orientalis to the number of visitors, the impact of visitors on the animals themselves, and the use of aviary space in the Moscow Zoo.
IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON DOMESTIC TOURISM IN RUSSIA
Authors: Бессмертный Борис Алексеевич 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы низкой популярности российских курортов у россиян, проводится статистический анализ рынка внутреннего туризма в РФ, его оценка в условиях экономического кризиса и других причин.
In article the main problems of low popularity of the Russian resorts at Russians are considered, statistical market research of internal tourism is carried out to the Russian Federation, its assessment in the conditions of an economic crisis and other reasons. The main directions of development of a tourist and recreational cluster of Russia are mentioned.
USING ELEMENTS OF ENTERTAINMENT WHEN TEACHING ENGLISH AT THE MIDDLE STAGE
Authors: Лукманова Зайнаб Магомедовна , Рабаданов Габибулла Муталипович 
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам использования элементов занимательности в процессе преподавания английского языка в школе. Применение элементов занимательности на уроках является актуальной в современной учебной действительности, так как элемент занимательности - помогает активизировать его деятельность, развивает качества, которые необходимы учащемуся.
The article is devoted to the use of elements of entertainment in the process of teaching English at school. The use of elements of entertainment in the classroom is relevant in modern educational reality, as the element of entertainment - helps to activate its activities, develops the qualities that are necessary for the student.
INDUCING THE MORPHOGENESIS OF PANICULATE PHLOX IN CULTURE IN VITRO USING THE GROWTH STIMULANT YANTARIN
Authors: Лебедева Наталья Николаевна 
Published: February 2021

Целью данной работы являлось изучение влияния стимулятора роста Янтарин®, ВРК на морфогенетическую активность флокса метельчатого in vitro . В качестве трансплантов использовали введенные в культуру in vitro сегменты ткани с почками и мелкие листовые пластины флокса метельчатого.
The Purpose of this work was to study the effect of the growth stimulant Yantarin®, IBS on the morphogenetic activity of paniculate Phlox in vitro. In vitro tissue segments with kidneys and small leaf plates of paniculate Phlox were used as transplants.
ADJUSTMENT OF THE TAXATION MECHANISM TO STIMULATE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
Authors: Селеверстова Ирина Валериевна , Каменский Александр Сергеевич , Гапоненко Михаил Александрович , Кукин Роман Юрьевич 
Published: February 2021

Роль налоговой системы в поддержке инновационной активности заключается в создании условий для спроса на инновационную продукцию. С целью совершенствования налогового законодательства в данной области предлагается изменить условия применения коэффициента 1,5 к расходам на НИОКР.
The role of the tax system in supporting innovative activity is to create conditions for demand for innovative products. In order to improve tax legislation in this area, it is proposed to change the conditions for applying the coefficient 1.5 to R&D expenditures.
IN INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC STRUCTURES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH THE HELP OF THE CLUSTER
Authors: Гончарова Елена Вячеславовна , Старовойтов Михаил Карпович 
Published: February 2021

В статье авторы рассматривают особенности функционирования научных структур при взаимодействии с предпринимательством. Детально характеризуется кластер как инфраструктура для такого типа интеграции в условиях инновационно ориентированной экономики.
In the article, the authors consider the features of the functioning of scientific structures in interaction with entrepreneurship. The cluster is described in detail as an infrastructure for this type of integration in an innovative economy.
La adjudicación judicial: modelos de racionalidad jurídica y particularidades de la decisión judicial en materia de salud
Authors: Lapenta Lucía Irene 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre las particularidades del razonamiento judicial en materia de salud, en el marco de los modelos de racionalidad material. A tal fin, se analizan cinco fallos jurisprudenciales y se ofrecen algunas reflexiones en relación con el razonamiento judicial subyacente, identificando aquellos elementos que caracterizan la toma de decisión judicial en materia de salud. This article presents an analysis of the specifications in judicial reasoning in health matters, with reference to models of material rationality. To do that, we analyze five jurisprudential decisions and offer some reflections in relation to the underlying judicial reasoning, identifying those elements that characterize the judicial decision making regarding the Right to Health.
La restricción de los derechos humanos en épocas de emergencia sanitaria, económica y social
Authors: Ylarri Juan Santiago 
Published: February 2021

El trabajo tiene por objeto analizar las restricciones de los derechos humanos en épocas de emergencia. En particular, se estudian los supuestos en los que es válido restringir con mayor intensidad los derechos individuales. Seguidamente, se indica si, para enfrentar esta situación, correspondía declarar el estado de sitio o bien resultaba válido dictar decretos de necesidad y urgencia. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de respetar el diseño federal de Argentina y evitar decisiones centralizadas. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de que el Congreso y el Poder Judicial cumplan los roles que constitucionalmente le corresponden en situaciones de emergencia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the restrictions of human rights in times of emergency. In particular, the cases in which it is valid to restrict individual rights with greater intensity are studied. It is specified whether, in order to face this situation, it was appropriate to declare the state of siege or it was valid to issue decrees of necessity and urgency. The need to respect Argentine federal design and avoid centralized decisions is emphasized. Finally, the importance of Congress and the Judicial Power fulfilling the roles that constitutionally correspond to it in emergency situations is highlighted.
Privilegios concursales y acreedores involuntarios en cuestiones de salud
Authors: Simón Nicolás Alberto 
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo se comenta un reciente pronunciamiento de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la República Argentina en el que, en virtud de las normas internacionales protectorias de los derechos del niño y de las personas con discapacidad, se declaró la inconstitucionalidad de ciertas normas nacionales en materia de privilegios concursales a fin de lograr el efectivo cumplimiento de una sentencia indemnizatoria de daños y perjuicios provocados en el propio alumbramiento de una persona.

The present paper comments on a recent pronouncement of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Republic in which, due to international law protecting the rights of children and persons with disabilities, certain national bankruptcy privileges rules were declared unconstitutional in order to achieve effective compliance of a compensatory sentence of damages caused in the very birth of a person.
Cobertura médica de una persona adulta mayor: razones humanitarias por sobre cuestiones administrativas
Authors: Neder María Guadalupe 
Published: February 2021

A través del presente comentario se intentará hacer una breve síntesis del razonamiento de la justicia federal mendocina en una ejemplar decisión que recayó sobre una persona adulta mayor. El tribunal interviniente teniendo en cuenta la elevada edad del amparista, su condición de jubilado y su estado de incertidumbre como consecuencia de la actitud desplegada por la obra social, lo considero merecedor de una tutela preventiva y resolvió mantener su afiliación a la obra social pese haber adquirido su condición de jubilado.

Through this comment, an attempt will be made to summarize the reasoning of the federal justice system in Mendoza in an exemplary decision that fell on an elderly person. The intervening court, taking into account the high age of the amparo, his retirement status and his state of uncertainty as a consequence of the attitude displayed by the social work, considered him deserving of preventive protection and decided to maintain his affiliation to the social work despite having acquired his retirement status.
El derecho de las personas con discapacidad a gozar del más alto nivel de salud posible
Authors: Blanco Pighi María Florencia 
Published: February 2021

El fallo judicial de análisis versa sobre el reconocimiento del derecho subjetivo de una persona adulta mayor que padece de hipoacusia bilateral profunda, a gozar del más alto nivel posible de salud. En ese contexto, se considera el alcance que debe tener el derecho a la salud de las personas con discapacidad, sobre todo en términos de accesibilidad, y el rol que cumple el Estado como garante del mismo.

The judicial ruling of analysis deals with the recognition of the subjective right of an elderly person suffering from profound bilateral hearing loss to enjoy the highest possible level of health. In this context, the scope of the right to health of people with disabilities, especially in terms of accessibility, and the role of the State as guarantor of it must be considered.
Earth as a Proxy Exoplanet: Deconstructing and Reconstructing Spectrophotometric Light Curves
Authors: Gu Lixiang , Fan Siteng , Li Jiazheng , Bartlett Stuart J. , Natraj Vijay , Jiang Jonathan H. , Crisp David , Hu Yongyun , Tinetti Giovanna , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Point-source spectrophotometric (single-point) light curves of Earth-like planets contain a surprising amount of information about the spatial features of those worlds. Spatially resolving these light curves is important for assessing time-varying surface features and the existence of an atmosphere, which in turn is critical to life on Earth and significant for determining habitability on exoplanets. Given that Earth is the only celestial body confirmed to harbor life, treating it as a proxy exoplanet by analyzing time-resolved spectral images provides a benchmark in the search for habitable exoplanets. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) on the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) provides such an opportunity, with observations of ∼5000 full-disk sunlit Earth images each year at 10 wavelengths with high temporal frequency. We disk-integrate these spectral images to create single-point light curves and decompose them into principal components (PCs). Using machine-learning techniques to relate the PCs to six preselected spatial features, we find that the first and fourth PCs of the single-point light curves, contributing ∼83.23% of the light-curve variability, contain information about low and high clouds, respectively. Surface information relevant to the contrast between land and ocean reflectance is contained in the second PC, while individual land subtypes are not easily distinguishable (<0.1% total light-curve variation). We build an Earth model by systematically altering the spatial features to derive causal relationships to the PCs. This model can serve as a baseline for analyzing Earth-like exoplanets and guide wavelength selection and sampling strategies for future observations.