bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Cereal Straw Management: Use as Feedstock for Emerging Biobased Industries or Cropland Soil Incorporation?
Authors: Björnsson Lovisa , Prade Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSustainability goals regarding biobased chemicals and fuels can lead to increased demand for cereal straw, which could lead to undesirable effects on soil organic matter (SOM) content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of removing straw on SOM, using a life cycle approach based on agricultural statistics and soil carbon modelling. This regional evaluation in southern Sweden showed that the general restrictions on straw removal recommended in many European studies, with demands on the incorporation of at least half of the aboveground straw, is not an efficient means of SOM preservation. Unrestricted straw removal in combination with the cultivation of intermediate crops leads to a much higher SOM build-up. Such measures will increase the availability of removable straw 2.5 times, at little extra cost. The findings of this study demonstrate the necessity of regional evaluation, taking new findings on the impact of straw incorporation on SOM into consideration. This is important for both regional emerging biobased industries, where unnecessary restrictions on straw removal might hamper the development of new production pathways, and for future sustainability in agriculture, where well-intended but inefficient SOM preservation strategies might hinder the implementation of more efficient measures.
Graphic Abstract
Design and implementation of a power smoothing system for cross-flow current turbines
Authors: Aaronson Hannah , Polagye Brian , Johnson Brian , Cavagnaro Robert J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents an efficient system that smooths fluctuations in electrical power from a cross-flow (i.e., “vertical-axis”) turbine. The proposed solution is a two-stage approach consisting of a low-pass filter and a bi-directional buck-boost converter. The design and stability characteristics of the system are presented, followed by time-domain simulation and validation against small-scale experiments. When this validated simulation is applied to a full-scale system, we demonstrate a 99% root mean square reduction in fluctuating power output with only a 3% drop in electrical system efficiency. This could allow intracycle control strategies to increase mechanical power output without causing electrical power fluctuations that are incompatible with direct use.
Genome-Wide 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiling Analysis Identifies MAP7D1 as A Novel Regulator of Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Shuang-Ling , Zhang Xiaoyi , Chang Mengqi , Huang Changcai , Qian Jun , Li Qing , Yuan Fang , Sun Lihong , Yu Xinmiao , Cui Xinmiao , Jiang Jiayi , Cui Mengyao , Liu Ye , Wu Huan-Wen , Liang Zhi-Yong , Wang Xiaoyue , Niu Yamei , Tong Wei-Min , Jin Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is recognized as an important epigenetic mark in cancer, its precise role in lymph node metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated how 5hmC associates with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Accompanying with high expression of TET1 and TET2 proteins, large numbers of genes in the metastasis-positive primary tumors exhibit higher 5hmC levels than those in the metastasis-negative primary tumors. In contrast, the TET protein expression and DNA 5hmC decrease significantly within the metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes compared to those in their matched primary tumors. Through genome-wide analysis of 8 sets of primary tumors, we identified 100 high-confidence metastasis-associated 5hmC signatures, and it is found that increased levels of DNA 5hmC and gene expression of MAP7D1 associate with high risk of lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MAP7D1, regulated by TET1, promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In conclusion, the dynamic 5hmC profiles during lymph node metastasis suggest a link between DNA 5hmC and lymph node metastasis. Meanwhile, the role of MAP7D1 in breast cancer progression suggests that the metastasis-associated 5hmC signatures are potential biomarkers to predict the risk for lymph node metastasis, which may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Alzaid Mohammed , Al-Mobaireek Khalid , Almannai Mohammed , Mukhtar Gawahir , Eltahir Safa , Zafar Adnan , Zada Abdulali P. , Alotaibi Wadha 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy with diverse clinical and genetic findings caused by abnormal motile cilia structure and function. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of confirmed PCD cases in our population and report the radiological, genetic, and laboratory findings.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, observational, single-centre study. We enrolled 18 patients who were diagnosed with confirmed PCD between 2015 and 2019. We then analyzed their data, including clinical findings and workup.

Results:
In our cohort, 56% of patients had molecularly confirmed PCD, and RSPH9 was the most common gene identified. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an ultrastructural defect in 64% of samples, all of which matched the genetic background of the patient. Situs inversus (SI) was observed in 50% of patients, and congenital heart disease was observed in 33%. The median body mass index (BMI) was 15.87 kg/m2, with a median z score of -1.48. The median FEV1 value was 67.6% (z score - 2.43). Radiologically, bronchiectasis was noted in 81% of patients at a variable degree of severity. Lung bases were involved in 91% of patients. We were unable to correlate the genotype-phenotype findings.

Conclusion:
We describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with confirmed PCD in a tertiary centre in Saudi Arabia and report 9 new pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in one of the PCD-associated genes.
The rise and fall of party leaders: exploring leadership selection, re-selection, and de-selection using qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Vicentini Giulia , Pritoni Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to detect the reasons for party leaders' persistence or departure from the office, starting from the moment they are selected or re-selected. More specifically, we try to assess which (if any) characteristics of the leadership race (LR) called to appoint (or re-appoint) the party leader, in combination with other conditions, could favour leadership re-selection in office at the end of the term, rather than a more or less forced early departure. To this end, we have investigated all the LRs promoted by both bigger and smaller parties in four Western European countries over the last three decades. Bridging the literature on leadership selection and leadership survival, we built a theoretical framework that allowed us to turn to an original methodological approach in the field – qualitative comparative analysis – to unravel asymmetrical, equi-final, and conjunctural causation by looking at the combinations of conditions leading to the outcome, namely re-selection or departure from the office. Specifically, we identified five main conditions which are likely to affect the outcome, both alone and in combination with each other: whether there is an outgoing leader running for re-election (incumbency); a broad inclusiveness of the LR called to appoint the party leader; large victory (namely low competitiveness for contested LR or high approval rates for coronation of a single candidate); participation in government during the leadership tenure; and party electoral support (‘big’ mainstream vs. ‘small’ niche/challenger parties).
A multi-proxy reconstruction of climate during the late-Pleistocene to early Holocene transition in the northeastern, USA
Authors: Grigg Laurie D. , Engle Kevin J. , Smith Alison J. , Shuman Bryan N. , Mandl Maximilian B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA multiproxy record from Twin Ponds, VT, is used to reconstruct climatic variability during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene transition. Pollen, ostracodes, δ18O, and lithologic records from 13.5 to 9.0 cal ka BP are presented. Pollen- and ostracode-inferred climatic reconstructions are based on individual species’ environmental preferences and the modern analog technique. Principal components analysis of all proxies highlights the overall warming trend and centennial-scale climatic variability. During the Younger Dryas cooling event (YD), multiple proxies show evidence for cold winter conditions and increasing seasonality after 12.5 cal ka BP. The early Holocene shows an initial phase of rapid warming with a brief cold interval at 11.5 cal ka BP, followed by a more gradual warming; a cool, wet period from 11.2 to 10.8 cal ka BP; and cool, dry conditions from 10.8 to 10.2 cal ka BP. The record ends with steady warming and increasing moisture. Post-YD climatic variability has been observed at other sites in the northeastern United States and points to continued instability in the North Atlantic during the final phases of deglaciation.
“We Cannot Please Everyone”: Contentions over Adjustment in EPRDF Ethiopia (1991–2018)
Authors: Labzaé Mehdi , Planel Sabine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article looks at how rural inhabitants navigated state power under a regime led by a former socialist party that negotiated its conversion to a market economy while keeping tight control on the whole society. In that regard, it addresses adjustment in a very specific context, by analysing a distinctive chronology, raising the ruling party's ability to negotiate with the international financial institutions, and considering popular reactions from a rural point of view. The regime led by the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) managed to delay measures of structural adjustment during the 1990s and 2000s while deepening structures of state control it partly inherited from the former military junta. Brutal structural adjustment plans were refused, while international financial institutions were kept away from the Ethiopian government's policy mix, by way of elaborate ideological and institutional arrangements. The EPRDF coined its own version of the “developmental state” and renewed state control of the economy while deepening its articulation to global markets. Under the EPRDF, all sectors of society and especially peasantries were closely monitored and mobilized in the name of development. But although the open expression of dissent remained rare, peasants resorted to many strategies to cope with political control and to some extent divert it. By taking agricultural policies as a case study, the article describes peasant practices and questions differences between resistance, false compliance, and diversion, underlining how blurred such labels can actually be.
The generaBrianaria(Psoraceae) andMicarea(Pilocarpaceae) in Japan, with reports on other interesting species in Asia
Authors: Coppins Brian J. , Kashiwadani Hiroyuki , Moon Kwang Hee , Spribille Toby , Thor Göran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn examination of collections from Japan has increased the number ofBrianariaandMicareaspecies known from that country from eight to 19, including one new species,M. rubioidesCoppins (also from Malaysia and the Philippines). Eleven species are reported as new to Japan (M. botryoides(Nyl.) Coppins,M. denigrata(Fr.) Hedl.,M. erratica(Körb.) Hertelet al.,M. hedlundiiCoppins,M. lithinella(Nyl.) Hedl.,M. micrococca(Körb.) Gams ex Coppins andM. misella(Nyl.) Hedl.) or new to Asia:M. byssacea(Th. Fr.) Czarnotaet al.,M. deminutaCoppins andM. xanthonicaCoppins & Tønsberg (new to Asia; Japan);M. nitschkeana(J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm. (new to Asia; South Korea). The presence ofMicarea prasinas. str. from Japan needs to be confirmed; no collection was found in this study. Additional collections from South Korea and Sri Lanka are also reported, including the new speciesM. ceylanicaCoppins from Sri Lanka. The identity ofM. synotheoides(Nyl.) Coppins, originally described from Japan, has been resolved, resulting in the renaming of Western European material, previously under that name, asM. longisporaCoppins.Micarea coreanaLőköset al. is reported here as a synonym ofM. erratica. The type ofLecidea inopinulaNyl. requires the new combinationMicarea inopinula(Nyl.) Coppins & T. Sprib. to replaceMicarea prasinella(Jatta) I. M. Lamb.
Thelopsis challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of Ramonia
Authors: Ertz Damien , Sanderson Neil , Lebouvier Marc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe genus Thelopsis was classified in the family Stictidaceae but its systematic position has never been investigated by molecular methods. In order to determine its family placement and to test its monophyly, fungal DNA of recent collections of Thelopsis specimens was sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB2 and mtSSU sequences reveal that members of Thelopsis form a monophyletic group within the genus Gyalecta as currently accepted. The placement of Thelopsis, including the generic type T. rubella, within the genus Gyalecta challenges the generic circumscription of this group because Thelopsis is well recognized by the combination of morphological characters: perithecioid ascomata, well-developed periphysoids, polysporous asci and small, few-septate ellipsoid-oblong ascospores. The sterile sorediate Opegrapha corticola is also placed in the Gyalectaceae as sister species to Thelopsis byssoidea + T. rubella. Ascomata of O. corticola are illustrated for the first time and support its placement in the genus Thelopsis. The hypothesis that O. corticola might represent the sorediate fertile morph of T. rubella is not confirmed because the species is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct. Thelopsis is recovered as polyphyletic, with T. melathelia being placed as sister species to Ramonia. The new combinations Thelopsis corticola (Coppins & P. James) Sanderson & Ertz comb. nov. and Ramonia melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz comb. nov. are introduced and a new species of Gyalecta, G. amsterdamensis Ertz, is described from Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands, characterized by a sterile thallus with discrete soralia. Petractis luetkemuelleri and P. nodispora are accommodated in the new genus Neopetractis, differing from the generic type (P. clausa) by having a different phylogenetic position and a different photobiont. Francisrosea bicolor Ertz & Sanderson gen. & sp. nov. is described for a sterile sorediate lichen somewhat similar to Opegrapha corticola but having an isolated phylogenetic position as sister to a clade including Gyalidea praetermissa and the genera Neopetractis and Ramonia. Gyalecta farlowii, G. nidarosiensis and G. carneola are placed in a molecular phylogeny for the first time. The taxonomic significance of morphological characters in Gyalectaceae is discussed.
Four newMicareaspecies from the montane cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya
Authors: Kantelinen Annina , Hyvärinen Marko-Tapio , Kirika Paul M. , Myllys Leena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe genusMicareawas studied for the first time in the Taita Hills, Kenya. Based on new collections and existing data, we reconstructed a phylogeny using ITS, mtSSU andMcm7 regions, and generated a total of 27 new sequences. Data were analyzed using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods. Based mainly on new collections, we discovered four undescribed well-supported lineages, characterized by molecular and phenotypic features. These lineages are described here asMicarea pumila,M. stellaris,M. taitensisandM. versicolor.Micarea pumilais characterized by a minutely granular thallus, small cream-white or pale brownish apothecia, small ascospores and the production of prasinic acid.Micarea stellarishas a warted-areolate thallus, cream-white apothecia usually darker at the centre, a hymenium of light grey or brownish pigment that dissolves in K, and intense crystalline granules that appear as a belt-like continuum across the lower hymenium when studied in polarized light.Micarea taitensisis characterized by a warted-areolate thallus and cream-white or yellowish apothecia that sometimes produce the Sedifolia-grey pigment.Micarea versicoloris characterized by a warted-areolate, sometimes partly granular thallus and apothecia varying from cream-white to light grey to blackish in colour. This considerable variation in the coloration of its apothecia is caused by an occasional mixture of the Sedifolia-grey pigment in the epihymenium and another purplish brown pigment in the hymenium.Micarea stellaris,M. taitensisandM. versicolorproduce methoxymicareic acid. The main distinguishing characters are presented in a species synopsis. Three of the new species are nested in theM. prasinagroup, and the fourth one (M. taitensis) resolves as a basal taxon to theM. prasinagroup. The new species inhabit montane cloud forests, which have fragmented dramatically throughout the Eastern Arc Mountains in recent decades.
Mismatch negativity and P3a in drug-naive adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hsieh Ming H. , Chien Yi-Ling , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often display over-response to stimuli that are irrelevant to the ongoing task, and their attentional abilities disproportionately worsen in the presence of competing stimuli. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a using the passive oddball paradigm have been studied in children and adolescents with ADHD. Still, there is no such data for adults with ADHD. This study aimed to compare the MMN and P3a and their clinical and neurocognitive correlations between drug-naive adults with ADHD and control adults.MethodsWe recruited 52 adults with ADHD (26.5 ± 6.2 years), and 62 age-matched controls (25.6 ± 5.6 years). They received the psychiatric interviews, auditory ERP, the Conners' continuous performance test (CCPT), and the Cambridge gambling test (CGT). They also completed the questionnaires about ADHD symptoms and real-world executive functions. MMN and P3a were assessed during a passive duration-deviant auditory oddball paradigm from the midline electrodes Cz.ResultsAdults with ADHD demonstrated smaller Cz MMN amplitude, more severe ADHD symptoms, poorer attention profiles (CCPT), and a wide range of executive dysfunctions than controls. As for the correlates, Cz peak amplitude of MMN correlated with inattention symptoms, executive dysfunctions, attentional vigilance (CCPT), and decision-making (CGT) in ADHD adults but only with decision-making in controls.ConclusionsOur findings that smaller amplitude of MMN and its differential associated pattern with inattention, real-world executive dysfunction, and decision-making, in drug-naive adults with ADHD from adult controls, provide evidence to support the potential electrophysiological biomarker for adult ADHD.
Unexpected effects of expressive writing on post-disaster distress in the Hurricane Harvey Study: a randomized controlled trial in perinatal women
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Bick Johanna , Lipschutz Rebecca , Elgbeili Guillaume , Laplante David P. , Biekman Brian , Brunet Alain , King Suzanne , Olson David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExpressive writing requires journaling stressor-related thoughts and feelings over four daily sessions of 15 min. Thirty years of research have popularized expressive writing as a brief intervention for fostering trauma-related resilience; however, its ability to surpass placebo remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of expressive writing for improving post-traumatic stress symptoms in perinatal women who were living in the Houston area during major flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey.MethodsA total of 1090 women were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to expressive writing, neutral writing or no writing. Interventions were internet-based. Online questionnaires were completed before randomization and at 2 months post-intervention. The primary outcome was post-traumatic stress symptoms, measured with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised; secondary outcomes were affective symptoms, measured with the 40-item Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Scales. Feelings throughout the intervention were reported daily using tailored questionnaires.ResultsIn intention-to-treat analyses, no post-treatment between-group differences were found on the primary and secondary outcomes. Per-protocol analyses yielded similar results. A number of putative moderators were tested, but none interacted with expressive writing. Expressive writing produced greater feelings of anxiety and sadness during the intervention compared to neutral writing; further, overall experiences from the intervention mediated associations between expressive writing and greater post-traumatic stress at 2 months post-intervention.ConclusionsAmong disaster-stricken perinatal women, expressive writing was ineffective in reducing levels of post-traumatic stress, and may have exacerbated these symptoms in some.
A comparison of ‘pruning’ during multi-step planning in depressed and healthy individuals
Authors: Faulkner Paul , Huys Quentin J. M. , Renz Daniel , Eshel Neir , Pilling Stephen , Dayan Peter , Roiser Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundReal-life decisions are often complex because they involve making sequential choices that constrain future options. We have previously shown that to render such multi-step decisions manageable, people ‘prune’ (i.e. selectively disregard) branches of decision trees that contain negative outcomes. We have theorized that sub-optimal pruning contributes to depression by promoting an oversampling of branches that result in unsavoury outcomes, which results in a negatively-biased valuation of the world. However, no study has tested this theory in depressed individuals.MethodsThirty unmedicated depressed and 31 healthy participants were administered a sequential reinforcement-based decision-making task to determine pruning behaviours, and completed measures of depression and anxiety. Computational, Bayesian and frequentist analyses examined group differences in task performance and relationships between pruning and depressive symptoms.ResultsConsistent with prior findings, participants robustly pruned branches of decision trees that began with large losses, regardless of the potential utility of those branches. However, there was no group difference in pruning behaviours. Further, there was no relationship between pruning and levels of depression/anxiety.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that sub-optimal pruning is evident in depression. Future research could determine whether maladaptive pruning behaviours are observable in specific sub-groups of depressed patients (e.g. in treatment-resistant individuals), or whether misuse of other heuristics may contribute to depression.