bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for autism specific transition resources (T-Res Study): developing a flexible resource package for dealing with the loosening and/or lifting of COVID-19 related restrictions
Authors: Smyth Sinéad , Mc Laughlin Nadine , Egan Cillian , Gurrin Cathal , Quinn Katie , McGarrell Maria , Devlin Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Autism specific transition resources (T-Res) aims to develop a flexible resource package to support children and young people with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as their families and educators, during the loosening and/or lifting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related restrictions on movement. A secondary aim is to determine the current and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 related restrictions on the wellbeing of individuals with autism spectrum disorders and their parents/caregivers. Measuring and addressing the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions in movement is of prime importance at this time. The impacts of this crisis will be far reaching and many may not be realised for many years. The proposed research will focus on children and young people with a diagnosis of ASD, their families and educators. The ASD population alone is sizable with 14,000 (or 1.55%) of students in schools holding a diagnosis. When parents, teachers, tutors and special needs assistants (SNAs) are also considered this is a considerable group. The proposed research has the potential to have impacts that are social, psychological, educational and economic. This will be achieved through development of an online transition package to guide parents and educators in preparing children and young people for the resumption of regular daily routines following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions. This resource will be developed based on the needs of families and young people, as measured through surveys, as well as expert consensus on the targets and means of intervention. This ambitious project can be commenced quickly and is designed to produce outputs quickly, which will in turn be disseminated to key stakeholders.
RapidInfo4U ­– an online individualised COVID-19 support intervention for nursing and allied health professionals: study protocol
Authors: Carr Emma , McCurtin Arlene , Tierney Audrey C , Murphy Carol-Anne , Johnson Kevin , O'Connell Selena , Hickey Claire , Redmond Sean , Coffey Alice 
Published: January 2021

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020. An ongoing challenge in healthcare is ensuring that up-to-date and high-quality research evidence is implemented in practice. In the context of a global pandemic it is assumed, given the increased pressures on healthcare professionals that this problem has the potential to be exacerbated. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many health professionals being reassigned to areas outside their usual scope, returning to practice following absence or commencing their career as new entrants in the midst of a major crisis. These professionals are likely to require additional support to assist their confidence and competence. Aims: This project has two broad aims: to design and deliver an online educational platform to support nursing and allied health professionals in their clinical practice throughout the pandemic and to evaluate that platform and its implementation. Methods: The research protocol for this study consists of two work streams: the development and delivery of the online platform; and the project evaluation. This research will have a mixed methods approach including website data analytics, quantitative surveys and qualitative data analysis of semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: Through knowledge brokering and adherence to principles of effective technology-enhanced-learning this project will provide an accessible, individualised online educational resource to effectively meet the needs of individual nurses and allied health professionals in this unprecedented time. The evaluation of the platform and its implementation will provide key learning for future initiatives and may act as proof-of-concept for other organisations and countries seeking to support healthcare professionals’ knowledge needs during similar future pandemics.
The relationship between procedural volume and patient outcomes for percutaneous coronary interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Walsh Kieran A. , Plunkett Thomas , O'Brien Kirsty K. , Teljeur Conor , Smith Susan M. , Harrington Patricia , Ryan Máirín 
Published: January 2021

Background: The relationship between procedural volume and outcomes for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is contentious, with previous reviews suggesting an inverse volume-outcome relationship. The aim of this study was to systematically review contemporary evidence to re-examine this relationship. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the relationship between PCI procedural volume (both at hospital- and operator-levels) and outcomes in adults. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcomes were complications, healthcare utilisation and process outcomes. Searches were conducted from 1 January 2008 to 28 May 2019. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using ‘Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations’ (GRADE). Screening, data extraction, quality appraisal and GRADE assessments were conducted independently by two reviewers. Results: Of 1,154 unique records retrieved, 22 observational studies with 6,432,265 patients were included. No significant association was found between total PCI hospital volume and mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-1.03, I2 = 86%). A temporal trend from significant to non-significant pooled effect estimates was observed. The pooled effect estimate for mortality was found to be significantly in favour of high-volume operators for total PCI procedures (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.94, I2 = 93%), and for high-volume hospitals for primary PCI procedures (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.94, I2 = 78%). Overall, GRADE certainty of evidence was ‘very low’. There were mixed findings for secondary outcomes. Conclusions: A volume-outcome relationship may exist in certain situations, although this relationship appears to be attenuating with time, and there is ‘very low’ certainty of evidence. While volume might be important, it should not be the only standard used to define an acceptable PCI service and a broader evaluation of quality metrics should be considered that encompass patient experience and clinical outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42019125288
Recent Developments in Tuberculous Meningitis Pathogenesis and Diagnostics
Authors: Cresswell Fiona V , Davis Angharad G. , Sharma Kusum , Basu Roy Robindra , Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , Kagimu Enock , Solomons Regan , Wilkinson Robert J. , Bahr Nathan C , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong ,   Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
Published: January 2021

The pathogenesis of Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is poorly understood, but contemporary molecular biology technologies have allowed for recent improvements in our understanding of TBM. For instance, neutrophils appear to play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of TBM, and either a paucity or an excess of inflammation can be detrimental in TBM. Further, severity of HIV-associated immunosuppression is an important determinant of inflammatory response; patients with the advanced immunosuppression (CD4+ T-cell count of <150 cells/μL) having higher CSF neutrophils, greater CSF cytokine concentrations and higher mortality than those with CD4+ T-cell counts > 150 cells/μL. Host genetics may also influence outcomes with LT4AH genotype predicting inflammatory phenotype, steroid responsiveness and survival in Vietnamese adults with TBM. Whist in Indonesia, CSF tryptophan level was a predictor of survival, suggesting tryptophan metabolism may be important in TBM pathogenesis. These varying responses mean that we must consider whether a “one-size-fits-all” approach to anti-bacillary or immunomodulatory treatment in TBM is truly the best way forward. Of course, to allow for proper treatment, early and rapid diagnosis of TBM must occur. Diagnosis has always been a challenge but the field of TB diagnosis is evolving, with sensitivities of at least 70% now possible in less than two hours with GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra. In addition, advanced molecular techniques such as CRISPR-MTB and metagenomic next generation sequencing may hold promise for TBM diagnosis. Host-based biomarkers and signatures are being further evaluated in childhood and adult TBM as adjunctive biomarkers as even with improved molecular assays, cases are still missed. A better grasp of host and pathogen behaviour may lead to improved diagnostics, targeted immunotherapy, and possibly biomarker-based, patient-specific treatment regimens.
Biocompatibilidad con la superficie ocular y actividad antimicrobiana de una nueva solución multipropósito para lentes de contacto
Authors: Rodríguez Martha Fabiola , Jiménez Ingrid Astrid , Martín Laura Victoria , Ballesteros Fernando 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: las soluciones multipropósito (SMP) para lentes de contacto blandos (LCB) desempeñan un papel esencial en la inhibición de agentes patógenos. Su efectividad antimicrobiana se evalúa in vitro, y su seguridad, in vivo, con ensayos clínicos que incluyen una combinación de diferentes soluciones y materiales para lentes. El objetivo es evaluar la biocompatibilidad de una nueva SMP producida en Colombia que contiene polihexametileno biguanida (PHMB) y determinar su actividad antimicrobiana. Materiales y métodos: estudio cruzado con 25 sujetos no usuarios de lentes, que fueron adaptados con cinco combinaciones diferentes de materiales de LCB con una nueva solución salina fisiológica de control (CS). El grosor corneal, la hiperemia conjuntival, la tinción corneal y la comodidad se evaluaron después de dos horas de uso del LC. La efectividad antimicrobiana se midió utilizando ensayos estándar ISO 14729. Resultados: solo hubo una diferencia significativa entre la nueva SMP y el CS para el Comfilcon A (p < 0.05). Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas para el grosor o la tinción corneal, entre la combinación del material del lente y la nueva SMP con el CS (p > 0.05). Después de dos horas de uso del lente, las puntuaciones de confort fueron superiores a 7.8. La SMP redujo las unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) de bacterias en más de 3 log, y las UFC fúngicas en más de 1.0 log. Conclusiones: la nueva SMP cumplió con los estándares antimicrobianos de ISO 14729, y se considera segura y biocompatible con la superficie ocular, con altos niveles de confort.
Conductors of care: exploring the role of the multiple sclerosis nurse in Australasia, phase 1
Authors: Burke Therese , Patching Joanna 
Published: January 2021

Background: The specialty of multiple sclerosis (MS) care has seen profound growth in recent years, resulting in increased job responsibilities for MS nurses. However, there is limited contemporary research exploring the role of MS nurses to reflect this change. This article explores phase 1 of a two-part study identifying the skillsets, support and educational needs and role definition of the MS nurse in Australasia. Methods: This mixed-methods study used a cross-sectional, anonymous, electronic survey to explore the skillset, support and educational needs of 60 MS nurses. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative responses, using thematic analysis. Findings: The results indicated the key skillsets required to perform effectively in the MS nurse role, including being a conductor of care. Areas of unmet support needs, such as mentoring and debriefing, were identified, in addition to specific learning needs, such as suicide and mental health management. Conclusion: Awareness of support and educational requirements can lead to the development of programmes and help sustain a well-supported workforce, underpinned by experience and longevity. Understanding the skillset of the MS nurse may enhance acknowledgment of the role and promote collaboration with other health professionals in the MS healthcare team.
Sustainable implementation of person-centred care in residential care facilities: hindering and supporting factors when improving incontinence care
Authors: Alexiou Eirini , Kjellberg Irma Lindström , Wijk Helle 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to focus on the impact of the implementation of a person-centred approach on staff perception of the likelihood of being able to provide person-centred care and strain in the workplace. Design: The study was a controlled prospective cohort study performed at three residential care facilities in western Sweden involving all nursing staff members active from 2013 through 2015 at baseline and at three follow-ups during and after the implementation period. Two of the residential care facilities were assigned to the intervention group and one was assigned to the control group. Method: The study was designed to test the sustainability of a person-centred approach based on three aspects: partnership, narrative and documentation. A cross-section of 20 coworkers were purposively sampled from a total of 100 persons working at the two Intervention nursing homes to participate in the intervention group. The process outcome was measured as: perceived ward atmosphere, using the staff version of the validated Person-Centred Climate Questionnaire; person-centred care, measured using the validated Person-centred Care Assessment Tool; and experience of strain in work, using the Strain in Nursing Care Assessment Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables using the SPSS Statistics software package. Findings: The results show that, at the control site, there were lower staff perceptions of the care atmosphere, higher level of strain experienced in their work and a lower likelihood of providing a person-centred care approach, whereas these factors remained rather stable over time at the intervention residential care facilities. Two contrasting results were observed—namely, that the higher the staff's perception of the likelihood of being able to provide individualised care and of a more person-centred ward atmosphere, the higher their stress levels experienced at work. In addition, older ages and long durations of work experience significantly negatively affected the staff's assessment of their ability to create an atmosphere of everydayness and to adopt a person-centred approach in care. Conclusions: The findings show that sustainability of a person-centred ward atmosphere is possible in the care of older people, despite staffing problems and other organisational challenges, according to the staff's assessment, after implementation of a person-centred programme. The more experienced staff members assessed their likelihood of being able to provide a person-centred care as lower after the implementation phase, indicating that despite the ambition of supporting person-centredness and quality of care, staffing and management difficulties that are present at the outset of the programme's implementation can later lead to stress and frustration relating to roles and routines.
Differences between infected and noninfected synovial fluid
Authors: Akhbari Pouya , Jaggard Matthew K. , Boulangé Claire L. , Vaghela Uddhav , Graça Gonçalo , Bhattacharya Rajarshi , Lindon John C. , Williams Horace R. T. , Gupte Chinmay M. 
Published: January 2021

AimsThe diagnosis of joint infections is an inexact science using combinations of blood inflammatory markers and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity of synovial fluid (SF). There is potential for small molecule metabolites in infected SF to act as infection markers that could improve accuracy and speed of detection. The objective of this study was to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify small molecule differences between infected and noninfected human SF.MethodsIn all, 16 SF samples (eight infected native and prosthetic joints plus eight noninfected joints requiring arthroplasty for end-stage osteoarthritis) were collected from patients. NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the metabolites present in each sample. Principal component analysis and univariate statistical analysis were undertaken to investigate metabolic differences between the two groups.ResultsA total of 16 metabolites were found in significantly different concentrations between the groups. Three were in higher relative concentrations (lipids, cholesterol, and N-acetylated molecules) and 13 in lower relative concentrations in the infected group (citrate, glycine, glycosaminoglycans, creatinine, histidine, lysine, formate, glucose, proline, valine, dimethylsulfone, mannose, and glutamine).ConclusionMetabolites found in significantly greater concentrations in the infected cohort are markers of inflammation and infection. They play a role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. Those found in significantly reduced concentrations were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleoside metabolism, the glutamate metabolic pathway, increased oxidative stress in the diseased state, and reduced articular cartilage breakdown. This is the first study to demonstrate differences in the metabolic profile of infected and noninfected human SF, using a noninfected matched cohort, and may represent putative biomarkers that form the basis of new diagnostic tests for infected SF. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):85–95.
Spatial filtering of a six-wavelength DBR-RW laser in a MOPA system
Authors: Tawfieq M. , Fricke J. , Stölmacker C. , Della Casa P. , Andersen P. E. , Sumpf B. , Tränkle G. 
Published: January 2021

Lasing emission at multiple wavelengths can be used in different sensing applications and in optical telecommunication. In this work, we report a six-wavelength distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, emitting around 976 nm with six ridge waveguide (RW) structures, where individual DBR gratings are combined into a common front section. These six elements are individually addressable and biased one at a time for individual wavelength selection. The drawback of this RW combination is observable in spatial characteristics where higher-order modes are supported. We addressed this issue by using a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system that combines the six-wavelength MO laser with a tapered PA. Through this configuration, the PA acts as a spatial filter of the MO beam, providing a nearly diffraction-limited beam with

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. In addition, the described MOPA system provides output powers around 4 W with spectral single-mode operation, with up to 9.36 nm of thermal wavelength tuning. We believe that the described MOPA configuration can be used in different applications, such as absorption spectroscopy.
Noise reduction in high-resolution speckle displacement measurements through ensemble averaging
Authors: Schweickhardt León , Tausendfreund Andreas , Stöbener Dirk , Fischer Andreas 
Published: January 2021

To measure surface displacement on micro samples, a non-invasive method with both a low displacement measurement uncertainty below 100 nm and high spatial resolution of around 20 µm is required. In digital image speckle correlation, both requirements can be fulfilled individually but not simultaneously. To lower the displacement measurement uncertainty without deteriorating the spatial resolution, an ensemble averaging technique over multiple uncorrelated speckle patterns is presented. To generate and reproduce different speckle patterns, two concepts for the respective modulation of laser light illumination are investigated: a low-cost concept with a rotating glass diffuser, as well as a faster concept using a digital micromirror device combined with a stationary diffuser with a maximum pattern rate of 17.9 kHz. Both setups lead to a measurement uncertainty reduction by one order of magnitude over a wide range of spatial resolutions. As a result, displacements in the micrometer range are measured with a measurement uncertainty of 40 nm and spatial resolution of 20 µm.
Factors associated with admission to intensive care units in COVID-19 patients in Lyon-France
Authors: Vanhems Philippe , Gustin Marie-Paule , Elias Christelle , Henaff Laetitia , Dananché Cédric , Grisi Béatrice , Marion Elodie , Khanafer Nagham , Hilliquin Delphine , Gardes Sophie , Gerbier-Colomban Solweig , Amour Selilah , Kuczewski Elisabetta , Escuret Vanessa , Lina Bruno , Saadatian-Elahi Mitra ,   On behalf of COVID-Outcomes-HCL Consortium
Published: January 2021

Introduction
A new respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2, has emerged and spread worldwide since late 2019. This study aims at analysing clinical presentation on admission and the determinants associated with admission in intensive care units (ICUs) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Patients and methods
In this prospective hospital-based study, socio-demographic, clinical and biological characteristics, on admission, of adult COVID-19 hospitalized patients presenting from the community for their first admission were prospectively collected and analysed. Characteristics of patients hospitalized in medical ward to those admitted in ICU were compared using Mann-Whitney and Chi-square or Fisher exact test when appropriate. Univariate logistic regression was first used to identify variables on admission that were associated with the outcome i.e. admission to an ICU versus total hospital stay in a medical ward. Forward selection was then applied beginning with sex, age and temperature in the multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
Of the 412 patients included, 325 were discharged and 87 died in hospital. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of ICU hospitalization with temperature (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.06–2.28] per degree Celsius increase), oxygen saturation <90% (OR, 12.45 [95% CI, 5.27–29.4]), abnormal lung auscultation on admission (OR, 3.58 [95% CI, 1.58–8.11]), elevated level of CRP (OR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.29–5.66for CRP>100mg/L vs CRP<10mg/L). and monocytopenia (OR, 3.28 [95% CI, 1.4–7.68]) were also associated with increasing odds of ICU hospitalization. Older patients were less likely to be hospitalized in ICU (OR, 0.17 [95%CI, 0.05–0.51].

Conclusions
Age and delay between onset of symptoms and hospital admission were associated with the risk of hospitalisation in ICU. Age being a fixed variable, interventions that shorten this delay would improve the prognosis of Covid-19 patients.