bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sigma‐1 receptor with dopamine transporter attenuates the binding of methamphetamine via distinct helix–helix interactions
Authors: Xu Liang , Chen Liao Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma‐1 receptor (σ1R) are potential therapeutic targets to reduce the psychostimulant effects induced by methamphetamine (METH). Interaction of σ1R with DAT could modulate the binding of METH, but the molecular basis of the association of the two transmembrane proteins and how their interactions mediate the binding of METH to DAT or σ1R remain unclear. Here, we characterize the protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions at a molecular level by various theoretical approaches. The present results show that METH adopts a different binding pose in the binding pocket of σ1R and is more likely to act as an agonist. The relatively lower binding affinity of METH to σ1R supports the role of antagonists as inhibitors that protect against METH‐induced effects. We demonstrate that σ1R could bind toDrosophila melanogasterDAT (dDAT) through interactions with either the transmembrane helix α12 or α5 of dDAT. Our results showed that the truncated σ1R displays stronger association with dDAT than the full‐length σ1R. Although different helix–helix interactions between σ1R and dDAT lead to distinct effects on the dynamics of individual protein, both associations attenuate the binding affinity of METH to dDAT, particularly in the interactions with the helix α5 of dDAT. Together, the present study provides the first computational investigation on the molecular mechanism of coupling METH binding and the association of σ1R with dDAT.
Does greater household wealth make young children perform better? The case of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thai Minh , Tran Tuyen Quang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur study examines factors affecting children's cognitive ability in Vietnam for the period 2006–2016. We find that conditional wealth has a positive association with the cognitive capacity of 15‐year‐old children, manifested in all three methods of measurement: vocabulary points, math scores and reading comprehension scores in Vietnamese. Notably, the finding implies that improving household wealth after the children's first 1,000 days still plays an important role in the cognitive development of 5–12‐year‐olds. Also, it suggests that using conditional wealth enables us to capture the impact of economic shocks, thereby having a significant effect on the cognitive ability of children.
Alveolar ridge preservation with fibroblast growth factor‐2 modified acellular dermal matrix membrane and a bovine‐derived xenograft: An experimental in vivo study
Authors: Wang Ruolin , Liu Wenhua , Guo Hongmei , Ge Shaohua , Huang Haiyun , Yang Pishan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a bone substitute material combined with fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) loaded barrier membrane on the preservation of alveolar ridge after tooth extraction.Material and methodsFour dogs were included. Six extraction sockets of each animal received the 3 treatments and were randomly divided into three groups. Group A: negative control; Group B: bovine xenografts + membrane; and Group C: bovine xenografts + FGF‐2‐loaded membrane. CBCT and histological analysis were performed to evaluate changes in the width and height of alveolar ridges and extraction socket bone healing 8 weeks post‐extraction.ResultsCBCT showed that the alveolar bone in Group A was significantly thinner than that in Group B and Group C at 1 and 3 mm apically from the alveolar crest. The alveolar width at 1 mm in Group C (60.99 ± 15.36%) was significantly thicker than that in Group B (39.75 ± 30.18%). Histomorphmetrical measurements showed that the buccal alveolar width at 1 mm was significantly thicker in Groups B and C than in Group A. Additionally, buccal bone height and lingual bone width at 1 mm in Group C (87.06 ± 10.34%, 89.09 ± 10.56%) were significantly greater than in Group A (53.48 ± 23.94%, 82.72 ± 12.59%).ConclusionThe present findings indicate that application of bovine bone combined with barrier membrane with or without FGF‐2 over tooth sockets can effectively reduce ridge absorption, especially in terms of ridge width and FGF‐2 modified membrane seems to improve the outcomes obtained with membrane alone.
Primary transoral robotic surgery +/‐ adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma—A large observational single‐centre series from the United Kingdom
Authors: O’Hara James , Warner Laura , Fox Hannah , Hamilton David , Meikle David , Counter Paul , Robson Andrew , Goranova Rebecca , Iqbal Shahid , Kelly Charles , Robinson Max , Paleri Vinidh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the oncological outcomes following primary Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).DesignObservational case series.SettingTertiary centre; first TORS practice to commence in the UK.ParticipantsAll consecutive patients undergoing primary TORS with curative intent, with or without adjuvant treatment.Main outcome measuresDescriptive analysis of patient and tumour pathology variables. Survival outcomes: Overall, Disease‐Specific, Progression‐Free and Locoregional control.ResultsThe cohort comprised of 120 patients undergoing TORS with minimum 12‐month follow‐up data and the following characteristics: mean age 58 years, 91 males (76%), 78 tonsil (65%) and 34 base of tongue primaries (28%), 89% HPV‐related OPSCC. The surgical pathology revealed 14 (12%) with positive margins, 19 (16%) had close margins <2mm and 31% with extranodal extension. The treatment was as follows: 39 (33%) treated with TORS alone, 50 (42%) received adjuvant radiotherapy and 31 (26%) received adjuvant radiotherapy with chemotherapy. There were 15 recurrences. Estimated survival for all patients at 3 years (95% CI): overall 85% (78‐92), disease‐specific 90% (85‐96), progression‐free 86% (79‐92) and locoregional control 90% (84‐96). The equivalent survival figures for the HPV‐related cases alone were as follows: overall 88% (82‐94), disease‐specific 93% (87‐98), progression‐free 88% (81‐95) and locoregional control 92% (87‐98).ConclusionsWhilst TORS has become a common practice in the management of OPSCC in the UK, these are the first reported oncological outcomes. For selected patients, TORS with or without adjuvant therapy is an appropriate treatment modality.
Identification of cell‐free DNA methylation patterns unique to the human left ventricle as a potential indicator of acute cellular rejection
Authors: Pattar Sabrina , Aleinati Mohammad , Iqbal Fatima , Madhu Aiswarya , Blais Samuel , Wang Xuemei , Dallaire Frederic , Wang Yinong , Isaac Debra , Fine Nowell , Greenway Steven C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreased levels of donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) in recipient plasma have been associated with rejection after transplantation. DNA sequence differences have been used to distinguish between donor and recipient, but epigenetic differences could also potentially identify dd‐cfDNA. This pilot study aimed to identify ventricle‐specific differentially methylated regions of DNA (DMRs) that could be detected in cfDNA. We identified 24 ventricle‐specific DMRs and chose two for further study, one on chromosome 9 and one on chromosome 12. The specificity of both DMRs for the left ventricle was confirmed using genomic DNA from multiple human tissues. Serial matched samples of myocardium (n = 33) and plasma (n = 24) were collected from stable adult heart transplant recipients undergoing routine endomyocardial biopsy for rejection surveillance. Plasma DMR levels increased with biopsy‐proven rejection grade for individual patients. Mean cellular apoptosis in biopsy samples increased significantly with rejection severity (2.4%, 4.4% and 10.0% for ACR 0R, 1R, and 2R, respectively) but did not show a consistent relationship with DMR levels. We identified multiple DNA methylation patterns unique to the human ventricle and conclude that epigenetic differences in cfDNA populations represent a promising alternative strategy for the non‐invasive detection of rejection.
Personal health budget in patients with first episode psychosis: A new rehabilitation model based on a community care system in Italy
Authors: Leuci Emanuela , Pelizza Lorenzo , Landi Giulia , Quattrone Emanuela , Maestri Davide , Azzali Silvia , Pelosi Annalisa , Ceroni Patrizia , Soncini Caterina , Daolio Maria Cristina , Paulillo Giuseppina , Raballo Andrea , Pellegrini Pietro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimRecently, there has been increasing interest in providing Personal Health Budgets (PHBs) to patients with severe mental illness. However, information on implementing PHB initiatives is still limited. Aim of this observational study was to evaluate the applicability of a PHB intervention model in a sample of Italian adults with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) across a 2‐year follow‐up period.MethodsParticipants (n = 104; 18–50 years) were recruited within the ‘Parma‐Early Psychosis’ program and completed the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), the health of nation outcome scale (HoNOS) and the global assessment of functioning (GAF). Mixed‐design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kaplan‐Maier survival analysis (as drop‐out measure) were performed.ResultsA significant effect of time on all BPRS, HoNOS and GAF scores along the follow‐up was observed in both the FEP subgroups (i.e., with [n = 49] and without [n = 55] PHB intervention). Mixed‐design ANOVA results showed a significant ‘time x group’ interaction effects on BPRS ‘Disorganization’, HoNOS ‘Psychiatric Symptoms’ and GAF scores in FEP participants with PHB. Kaplan‐Meyer survival analysis showed a longer survival mean for FEP patients with PHB.ConclusionsOur results support the applicability of a PHB model within an ‘Early Intervention in Psychosis’ program in public community mental health services.
Radical pruning of distribution data may result in loss of knowledge (Response to Larsen & Shirey)
Authors: Faltýnek Fric Zdeněk , Rindoš Michal , Konvička Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarsen & Shirey (2020) criticised our analysis of latitudinal changes in butterfly phenology on the grounds of improper data management. We admit some imprecisions, but show that stringent reanalyses did not change the overall results. We also show that unreasonable treatment of data may result in critical information loss.
‘No‐one has listened to anything I’ve got to say before’: Co‐design with people who are sleeping rough
Authors: Mullins Robyn M. , Kelly Bridget E. , Chiappalone Patrick ‘Spike’ , Lewis Virginia J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite policies and programmes aimed at housing people who are homeless, there are still people who live and sleep rough. This project used the skills and knowledge of people in this situation to identify a strategy to mitigate some of the risks.ObjectiveTo describe the development and conduct of a co‐design project involving people who are homeless.Setting/Group MembersA Working Group of 11 was formed following a careful recruitment process from people who had volunteered after consultation by the project team. The co‐design approach was guided by a set of principles.MethodsEight members of the Working Group were interviewed by an external researcher (RM). The approach was primarily deductive, with the principles adopted by the project team used as a framework for data collection and analysis. The co‐design process was captured by the project leaders (BK, PC) supplemented with documentation review and team discussions.ResultsThe group met weekly for 12 weeks, with 8‐10 members present on average. They reviewed information from the survey, contributed ideas for solutions and ultimately decided to provide information via print, a website and an event. Important factors in on‐going involvement were carefully selecting group members and making participation rewarding for them.Discussion/ConclusionsVulnerable people such as those experiencing homelessness can be excluded from decision‐making processes affecting them, as they can be perceived as hard to reach and unable to make a meaningful contribution. This project demonstrated that a carefully managed project, with sufficient resources and commitment, it was possible to involve people who are homeless and maintain involvement over an extended time period.Public ContributionThe Working Group reviewed survey findings and developed an intervention to minimize the health, social and legal harms of sleeping rough. Several members reviewe this paper.
A survey of the prevalence and predictors of workplace bullying towards the dental hygienist
Authors: Petit Jacqueline Nicole , Boyd Linda D. , Vineyard Jared , Dominick Christine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective/PurposeGiven the lack of research within dentistry as it relates to workplace bullying (WPB), the purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of WPB and predictors of WPB for dental hygienists in clinical practice.MethodsCross‐sectional survey research was used with a convenience sample of dental hygienists (n = 943) providing patient care to explore WPB. Ninety‐three per cent of participants resided in the United States, and 6.9% lived internationally. The survey was shared via social media on Facebook and Instagram group pages, specifically dental focussed. The validated Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised (NAQ‐R) was used to measure the exposure WPB using descriptive, correlation, chi‐square and Mann‐Whitney U.ResultsThe completion rate was 81% (n = 765). Results showed 21% of participants had experienced WPB now and then, 9.4% several times a week and 2.9% almost daily. Predictors for WPB included highest degree earned (p = −0.03), US (United States) region of residence (p = 0.001), clinical setting (private practice vs. dental service organization) (p < 0.001), clinical years of experience (p = 0.002) and work status (full‐ or part‐time) (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe findings confirmed WPB has been experienced by 1 in 5 clinical dental hygienists. Dental hygienists in their early years are more likely to have reported workplace bullying than those with more years of practice. WPB is not a new phenomenon, but given the prevalence observed in dental hygiene participants, employers need to be active in preventing and managing bullying to create and maintain an effective dental team and positive work environment.
Comparative evaluation of fluorinol and calcium sodium phosphosilicate‐containing toothpastes in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity
Authors: Bhowmik Eeshita , Pawar Chandrashekhar Deepika , Sharma Hareesha Manohar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDentin hypersensitivity is one of the most commonly encountered clinical problems. Various desensitizing agents have been widely used in the management of dentin hypersensitivity. Fluorinol, a fluoride‐containing agent, has shown to be effective in fluoridating the hydroxyapatite crystal and thus reduce enamel solubility. Calcium sodium phosphosilicate mechanically occludes open tubules and releases calcium and phosphorous to remineralize tooth structure.ObjectiveTo compare and assess the efficacy of fluorinol‐containing toothpaste with 7.5% sodium calcium phosphosilicate‐containing toothpaste in reducing dentin hypersensitivity.MethodologyThorough oral prophylaxis was done, and the patients were subjected to the washout phase, after which they were randomly allocated to the two study groups, Group A—fluorinol‐containing toothpaste, Group B—sodium calcium phosphosilicate‐containing toothpaste. Patients were recalled on 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks, and sensitivity was assessed using VAS scores by means of tactile, evaporative and cold water stimuli. Oral health‐related quality of life was assessed using OHIP‐14 questionnaire at baseline and 4 weeks.ResultCompared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in dentin hypersensitivity in both the groups. The VAS scores for tactile stimuli were significantly lower in group A at 3rd and 4th weeks.ConclusionFluorinol‐containing toothpaste was shown to be effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. Hence, it can be used routinely in the management of dentin hypersensitivity.
Effect of SiC nanowhisker addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of regenerated cemented carbides by low‐pressure sintering
Authors: Hu Dongmei , Du Jin , Su Guosheng , Lu Zhenyun , Zhang Chongyan , Kong Xiangmin , Xu Chonghai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hardness and toughness of regenerated cemented carbides, in general, are contradictory. Therefore, it is critical to explore regenerated cemented carbides with both high hardness and high toughness. In this study, regenerated WC‐8‐wt% Co cemented carbide with SiC nanowhisker were prepared by low‐pressure sintering. The influence of SiCw contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of regenerated WC‐8‐wt% Co cemented carbide was investigated. The results indicated that the hardness, density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of regenerated cemented carbide first increased and then decreased with the addition of SiCw. The Vickers hardness, density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness could reach 1575 HV, 14.6 g/cm3, 2204 MPa, 16.85 MPa·m1/2, respectively, with SiCw content 0.5 wt%, which were increased by 14.4%, 0.7%, 12.2%, and 17.3%, respectively, when compared with the regenerated cemented carbide without SiCw. The lowest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance could be also reached when 0.5‐wt% SiCw was added. The fracture mechanism of the regenerated cemented carbide contained both transgranular and intergranular fracture through the microscopic observation of fracture surface via scanning electron microscope.
Faltering standardization: Conflict and labour relations in China's taxi and sanitation industries
Authors: ZHANG Hao , FRIEDMAN Eli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe marketization of municipal services in China's cities from the 1990s triggered a wave of strikes beginning in the 2000s that provided an impetus towards standardization and the re‐regulation of employment conditions. On the basis of a study of the sanitation and taxi industries in the cities of Wenzhou and Guangzhou, the authors find that local governments have utilized three strategies in promoting standardization: unionization, public policy implementation and business consolidation. Although outcomes vary across the cases considered, institutionalization remains weak at best and conflicts persist. The article concludes by presenting a schema for comparing the different strategies identified in these cases and those historically institutionalized in the West.
Interactions between drought and shade on the productivity of winter pea grown in a 25‐year‐old walnut‐based alley cropping system
Authors: Blanchet Guillaume , Barkaoui Karim , Bradley Mattia , Dupraz Christian , Gosme Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the face of climate change, more frequent drought events are expected in the Mediterranean regions. Alley cropping is an agroforestry practice that represents a promising adaptation strategy to sustain yield productivity under drier conditions. However, the presence of trees limits the productivity of the intercrop by reducing light availability and by competing for soil water resources, which could potentially exacerbate the yield losses due to drought conditions. Furthermore, the effects of co‐occurring drought and shade stresses on annual crops are still poorly understood. To tackle this issue, we performed a rainfall manipulation experiment on winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown in full‐sun conditions (agricultural control) and under different levels of shade in a 25‐year walnut‐based alley cropping system located in southern France. We evaluated first the effect of trees on light and water availability, and we then studied the effects of early drought (135 mm excluded from April to the end of May) and light conditions on crop performances and yield components. At 3.5 m from the tree line, light availability was reduced on average by 19% at south and 35% at north of trees over the entire crop cycle and mostly after tree budburst. The impact of trees on soil water content in the crop root zone was weak thanks to the good complementarity of the respective root systems. Under normal rainfall conditions, tree shade decreased pea yield from −25% to −77% compared to full‐sun conditions. In case of spring drought, pea yield was decreased by −22% in full‐sun conditions. The negative effect of tree shade was reduced and decreased pea yield only by −1% to −47%. Under the most intense shade conditions, pea yield was even higher under drought than in normal rainfall conditions. The analysis of crop dynamics and yield components revealed that the vegetative development of pea ceased under drought to the benefit of biomass allocation towards the reproductive organs. Pea yield was less impacted by tree shade under spring drought because yield elaboration relied less on the success of pod set, sensitive to shade and, more on grain filling, improved in case of early drought event. This study supports the hypothesis that agroforestry systems may be more resilient in the case of early drought.
Pyridostigmine improves cardiac function and rhythmicity through RyR2 stabilization and inhibition of STIM1‐mediated calcium entry in heart failure
Authors: Baine Stephen , Bonilla Ingrid , Belevych Andriy , Stepanov Andrei , Dorn Lisa E. , Terentyeva Radmila , Terentyev Dmitry , Accornero Federica , Carnes Cynthia A. , Gyorke Sandor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is characterized by asymmetrical autonomic balance. Treatments to restore parasympathetic activity in human heart failure trials have shown beneficial effects. However, mechanisms of parasympathetic‐mediated improvement in cardiac function remain unclear. The present study examined the effects and underpinning mechanisms of chronic treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine (PYR), in pressure overload HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. TAC mice exhibited characteristic adverse structural (left ventricular hypertrophy) and functional remodelling (reduced ejection fraction, altered myocyte calcium (Ca) handling, increased arrhythmogenesis) with enhanced predisposition to arrhythmogenic aberrant sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release, cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) hyper‐phosphorylation and up‐regulated store‐operated Ca entry (SOCE). PYR treatment resulted in improved cardiac contractile performance and rhythmic activity relative to untreated TAC mice. Chronic PYR treatment inhibited altered intracellular Ca handling by alleviating aberrant Ca release and diminishing pathologically enhanced SOCE in TAC myocytes. At the molecular level, these PYR‐induced changes in Ca handling were associated with reductions of pathologically enhanced phosphorylation of RyR2 serine‐2814 and STIM1 expression in HF myocytes. These results suggest that chronic cholinergic augmentation alleviates HF via normalization of both canonical RyR2‐mediated SR Ca release and non‐canonical hypertrophic Ca signaling via STIM1‐dependent SOCE.