bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenergetics of the common seastar Asterias rubens: a keystone predator and pest for European bivalve culture
Authors: Agüera Antonio , Saurel Camille , Møller Lene F. , Fitridge Isla , Petersen Jens K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLosses due to predation are recognized as an important factor affecting shellfish stocks, restoration efforts and aquaculture production. Managing and mitigating the impact of predators require information on the population dynamics and functional responses to prey availability under varying environmental conditions.Asteriasspp. are well-known keystone predators with the capacity to exert a top down control on shellfish populations.Asteriasspp.populations are extremely plastic, booming fast when prey is abundant and exhibiting a remarkable individual resilience to starvation and adverse environmental conditions. These aspects have ledAsteriasspp.to be considered pests by shellfish producers and fishers and to be catalogued among the most devastating invasive species. Assessment and mitigation of the impact ofAsterias rubensin northern Europe have been the objective of several projects. However, there is still a limited understanding of the processes behindA. rubenspopulation plasticity and how environmental conditions affect individual growth and predation. Under these circumstances a comprehensive eco-physiological model becomes necessary. These models can integrate available information on biology and eco-physiology to gain understanding of the effect of the environmental conditions on the impact ofA. rubens.In this work, we performed a number of eco-physiological experiments and combined them with field data from a Danish estuary to estimate and validate the parameters of a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the whole life cycle ofA. rubens. DEB models can be used to assess the effects of environmental variability on the life cycle and key population traits allowing the prediction of the performance, abundance, resource requirements and potential distribution of individuals and populations under dynamic environments. As such the DEB model presented in this study aims to become a tool to be used to assess and manage the impact ofA. rubensin cultured and natural shellfish populations. The successfully parameterised DEB model describesA. rubensas a plastic species, an efficient predator with low maintenance costs and, at least while feeding on mussels, a high energy yield from its prey. The model validation against independent data resulted in the model being capable to assess growth, food demand, reproductive output and reserves dynamics ofA. rubensunder experimental and natural conditions. Moreover, application of the model to the Limfjorden seastar fishery is used to further discuss the use of the model to understand biology and ecology of this pest species in the context with the management of shellfish stocks and impact mitigation.
A prospective single-center study on CNI-free GVHD prophylaxis with everolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil in allogeneic HCT
Authors: Schäfer Henning , Blümel-Lehmann Jacqueline , Ihorst Gabriele , Bertz Hartmut , Wäsch Ralph , Zeiser Robert , Finke Jürgen , Marks Reinhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report a single-center phase I/II trial exploring the combination of everolimus (EVE) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free GVHD prophylaxis for 24 patients with hematologic malignancies and indication for allogeneic HCT after a high dose or reduced-intensity ablative conditioning. The study was registered as EudraCT-2007-001892-12 and Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00856505. All patients received PBSC grafts and no graft failure occurred. 7/24 patients (29%) developed acute grades III and IV GVHD (aGVHD), 16/19 evaluable patients (84%) developed chronic GVHD (cGVHD) of all grades, and 6/19 (31.6%) of higher grades. No severe toxicities related to study medication were observed. The median follow-up of all surviving patients is 2177 days. The 3-year OS was 45.2% (95% CI: 27.4–61.4%), and the 3-year PFS was 38.7% (95% CI: 22.0–55.1%). The cumulative incidence of relapse at 1 year and 3 year was 25% (95% CI: 12.5–50.0%), and 33.3% (95% CI: 18.9–58.7%), the cumulative incidence of NRM at 1 year and 3 years was 20.8% (95%CI: 9.6–45.5%), and 29.2% (95%CI: 15.6–54.4%), respectively. The utilization of CNI-free GVHD prophylaxis with EVE+MMF resulted in high rates of acute and chronic GVHD. Therefore, we do not recommend a CNI-free combination of mTOR inhibitor EVE with MMF as the sole GVHD prophylaxis. In subsequent studies, this combination should be modified, e.g., with further components like post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG).
Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III colon cancer: the role of the “budding and TILs-(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) combination” as tumor-host antagonists
Authors: Lang-Schwarz Corinna , Melcher Balint , Dregelies Theresa , Norouzzadeh Zahra , Rund-Küffner Stefanie , Lang-Schwarz Klaus , Vieth Michael , Sterlacci William 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the influence of adjuvant chemotherapy on the combination of tumor budding and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in stage II and III colon cancer and to elucidate its potential value for adjuvant treatment decisions.

Methods
306 patients with stage II and 205 patients with stage III colon cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2016 who had undergone surgery in a curative setting were enrolled. Budding and TILs were assessed according to the criteria of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) and the criteria of the International TILs Working Group (ITWG). Combinations of budding and TILs were analyzed, and the influence of adjuvant chemotherapy was assessed.

Results
In stage II colon cancer, stratification into the four budding/TILs groups showed no significant differences in overall survival (OS) between the chemotherapy and the surgery-alone group, not even in cases with high-risk features. In stage III colon cancer, patients with low budding/high TILs benefited significantly from chemotherapy (p=0.005). Patients with high budding/low TILs as well as high budding/high TILs showed a trend to benefit from adjuvant treatment. However, no chemotherapy benefit was seen for the low budding/low TIL group.

Conclusions
The budding/TIL combination identified subgroups in stage II and III colon cancer with and without benefit from adjuvant treatment. The results this study suggest that the combination of budding and TILs as tumor-host antagonists might be an additional helpful tool in adjuvant treatment decisions in stage II and III colon cancer.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Mortalität bei Patienten mit hüftgelenknahen Frakturen an einem regionalen Traumazentrum
Authors: Darwich Ali , Assaf Elio , Klein Roman , Gravius Sascha , Wölfl Christoph G. , Jawhar Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Krankenhäuser der Grund- und Regelversorgung bzw. regionale Traumazentren spielen eine essenzielle Rolle in der Versorgung hüftgelenknaher Frakturen.

Ziel
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen patientenbezogenen Parametern und der Klinikmortalität sowie dem Auftreten von Komplikationen bei solchen Frakturen an einem regionalen Traumazentrum.

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Daten von allen Patienten, die über 2 Jahre an einem regionalen Traumazentrum mit einer hüftgelenknahen Fraktur aufgenommen wurden, erfasst. Eingeschlossen wurden nur Patienten älter als 60 Jahre. Die patientenbezogenen Parameter umfassten Alter, Geschlecht, Frakturlokalisation, Methode der operativen Versorgung, Operationszeitpunkt, Dauer der Operation und des stationären Aufenthalts, Bluttransfusion, Komplikationen, Komorbiditäten, Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien und Notwendigkeit einer postoperativen intensivmedizinischen Behandlung. Der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Parametern und der Klinikmortalität sowie dem Auftreten von Komplikationen wurde untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Daten von 360 Patienten mit 335 Operationen (w:m 225:110) mit einem Alter von 83 ±8 Jahren wurden erfasst. Die Klinikmortalität lag bei 7,76 % (n = 26) und erhöhte sich bei Alter > 85 Jahren (Odds Ratio [OR] 5,126; 95%-Konfidenzintervall [95 %-KI] 0,665–39,498; p = 0,1167), männlichem Geschlecht (OR 1,85 95%-KI [0,82–4,14]; p = 0,0555), Zeitpunkt der Operation > 24 h (OR 1,896 95%-KI [0,661–5,441]; p = 0,2341), ≥ 3 Vorerkrankungen (OR 10,61 95%-KI [3,681–27,501]; p < 0,0001), Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien (OR 6,19 95%-KI [2,69–14,24]; p < 0,0001) und notwendiger postoperativer intensivmedizinischer Behandlung (OR 5,9 95%-KI [2,56–13,76]; p < 0,0001).

Schlussfolgerung
In der vorliegenden Studie fanden sich statistisch signifikante Einflüsse der Anzahl der Komorbiditäten, der Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien sowie der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung auf die Klinikmortalität bei Patienten mit hüftgelenknahen Frakturen an einem regionalen Traumazentrum.
Is there a benefit of ICD treatment in patients with persistent severely reduced systolic left ventricular function after TAVI?
Authors: Nies Richard J. , Frerker Christian , Adam Matti , Kuhn Elmar , Mauri Victor , Nettersheim Felix S. , Braumann Simon , Wahlers Thorsten , Baldus Stephan , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and heart failure with severely reduced ejection fraction, prediction of postprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement is challenging. Decision-making and timing for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) treatment are difficult and benefit is still unclear in this patient population.

Objective
Aims of the study were to analyse long-term overall mortality in TAVI-patients with a preprocedural LVEF ≤ 35% regarding LVEF improvement and effect of ICD therapy.

Methods and results
Retrospective analysis of a high-risk TAVI-population suffering from severe AS and heart failure with a LVEF ≤ 35%. Out of 1485 TAVI-patients treated at this center between January 2013 and April 2018, 120 patients revealed a preprocedural LVEF ≤ 35% and had sufficient follow-up. 36.7% (44/120) of the patients suffered from persistent reduced LVEF without a postprocedural increase above 35% within 1 year after TAVI or before death, respectively. Overall mortality was neither significantly reduced by LVEF recovery above 35% (p = 0.31) nor by additional ICD treatment in patients with persistent LVEF ≤ 35% (p = 0.33).

Conclusion
In high-risk TAVI-patients suffering from heart failure with LVEF ≤ 35%, LVEF improvement to more than 35% did not reduce overall mortality. Patients with postprocedural persistent LVEF reduction did not seem to benefit from ICD treatment. Effects of LVEF improvement and ICD treatment on mortality are masked by the competing risk of death from relevant comorbidities.

Graphic abstract
Age-related changes in visual encoding strategy preferences during a spatial memory task
Authors: Segen Vladislava , Avraamides Marios N. , Slattery Timothy J. , Wiener Jan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAgeing is associated with declines in spatial memory, however, the source of these deficits remains unclear. Here we used eye-tracking to investigate age-related differences in spatial encoding strategies and the cognitive processes underlying the age-related deficits in spatial memory tasks. To do so we asked young and older participants to encode the locations of objects in a virtual room shown as a picture on a computer screen. The availability and utility of room-based landmarks were manipulated by removing landmarks, presenting identical landmarks rendering them uninformative, or by presenting unique landmarks that could be used to encode object locations. In the test phase, participants viewed a second picture of the same room taken from the same (0°) or a different perspective (30°) and judged whether the objects occupied the same or different locations in the room. We found that the introduction of a perspective shift and swapping of objects between encoding and testing impaired performance in both age groups. Furthermore, our results revealed that although older adults performed the task as well as younger participants, they relied on different visual encoding strategies to solve the task. Specifically, gaze analysis revealed that older adults showed a greater preference towards a more categorical encoding strategy in which they formed relationships between objects and landmarks.
Acute kidney injury in children hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Marzuillo Pierluigi , Pezzella Vincenza , Guarino Stefano , Di Sessa Anna , Baldascino Maria , Polito Cesare , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Nunziata Felice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) enhances the risk of later chronic kidney disease. Significant prevalence of AKI is reported in adults with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigated prevalence of and prognostic factors for AKI in children hospitalized for CAP.

Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical and biochemical data of 186 children (48.4% male; mean age 2.6±2.4 years) hospitalized for X-ray-confirmed CAP. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease/Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. We considered as basal serum creatinine the value estimated with Hoste (age) equation assuming basal eGFR were median age-based eGFR normative values for children ≤ 2 years of age and eGFR= 120 mL/min/1.73m2 for children > 2 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore associations with AKI.

Results
AKI was found in 38/186 (20.4%) patients. No patient required hemodialysis nor reached AKI stage 3, 5 (2.7%) reached AKI stage 2, and 33 (17.7%) AKI stage 1. Mean length of stay was 6.0±1.7, 6.9±2.3, and 12.2±1.5 days, for patients without AKI, stage 1 AKI, and stage 2 AKI (p < 0.001), respectively. Duration of symptoms before hospitalization (OR 1.2; 95%CI 1.09–1.43; p = 0.001), severe pneumonia (OR 11.9; 95%CI 4.3–33.3; p < 0.001), and serum C-reactive protein levels (OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.04–1.23; p = 0.004) were independent AKI predictors.

Conclusions
About 1/5 of children hospitalized for CAP present a generally mild AKI with a longer stay for those with more severe AKI. Attention should be paid to kidney health of children with CAP especially in presence of higher duration of symptoms before hospitalization, severe pneumonia and higher serum CRP levels.

Graphical Abstract
COVID-19: experiences of lockdown and support needs in children and young adults with kidney conditions
Authors: Tse Yincent , Darlington Anne-Sophie E. , Tyerman Kay , Wallace Dean , Pankhurst Tanya , Chantziara Sofia , Culliford David , Recio-Saucedo Alejandra , Nagra Arvind 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
During the initial COVID-19 pandemic, young United Kingdom (UK) kidney patients underwent lockdown and those with increased vulnerabilities socially isolated or ‘shielded’ at home. The experiences, information needs, decision-making and support needs of children and young adult (CYA) patients or their parents during this period is not well known.

Methods
A UK-wide online survey co-produced with patients was conducted in May 2020 amongst CYA aged 12–30, or parents of children aged < 18 years with any long-term kidney condition. Participants answered qualitative open text alongside quantitative closed questions. Thematic content analysis using a three-stage coding process was conducted.

Results
One-hundred and eighteen CYA (median age 21) and 197 parents of children (median age 10) responded. Predominant concerns from CYA were heightened vigilance about viral (68%) and kidney symptoms (77%) and detrimental impact on education or work opportunities (70%). Parents feared the virus more than CYA (71% vs. 40%), and had concerns that their child would catch the virus from them (64%) and would have an adverse impact on other children at home (65%). CYA thematic analysis revealed strong belief of becoming seriously ill if they contracted COVID-19; lost educational opportunities, socialisation and career development; and frustration with the public for not following social distancing rules. Positive outcomes included improved family relationships and community cohesion. Only a minority (14–21% CYA and 20–31% parents, merged questions) desired more support. Subgroup analysis identified greater negative psychological impact in the shielded group.

Conclusions
This survey demonstrates substantial concern and need for accurate tailored advice for CYA based on individualised risks to improve shared decision making.

Graphical abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene epigenetic modifications in gestational diabetes: new insights and possible pathophysiological connections
Authors: Franzago Marica , Fraticelli Federica , Marchioni Michele , Di Nicola Marta , Di Sebastiano Francesca , Liberati Marco , Stuppia Liborio , Vitacolonna Ester 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lead to short- and long-term complications for the child. Epigenetic alterations could contribute to explaining the metabolic disturbances associated with foetal programming. Although the role of theFTOgene remains unclear, it affects metabolic phenotypes probably mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess whether placental DNA epigenetic modifications atFTOpromoter-associated cysteine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites are correlated with GDM. A secondary aim was to evaluate the association between the placentalFTODNA methylation and the maternal metabolic traits in women with and without GDM.MethodsSocio-demographic characteristics, clinical parameters at the third trimester of pregnancy, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were assessed in 33 GDM women and 27 controls. Clinical information about the newborns was registered at birth. TheFTOrs9939609 (T > A) was genotyped.ResultsNo association betweenFTODNA methylation and GDM was found. DNA methylation on the maternal side at the CpG1 was associated with maternal smoking in GDM (p = 0.034), and DNA methylation at the CpG3 was correlated with smoking or former smoking in controls (p = 0.023). A higher level of TGs was correlated with higher foetal placental DNA methylation at the CpG2 (p = 0.036) in GDM. An inverse association between HDL-C and maternal placental DNA methylation at the CpG3 in controls (p = 0.045) was found. An association betweenFTOrs9939609 and neonatal birthweight (p = 0.033) was detected.ConclusionsIn the awareness that the obesity pathophysiology is complex, the study adds a piece to this intricate mosaic.
Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in relation to cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Inkeri Jussi , Tynjälä Anniina , Forsblom Carol , Liebkind Ron , Tatlisumak Turgut , Thorn Lena M. , Groop Per-Henrik , Shams Sara , Putaala Jukka , Martola Juha , Gordin Daniel ,   FinnDiane Study Group
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims
To determine if arterial functional and structural changes are associated with underlying cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We enrolled 186 individuals (47.8% men; median age 40.0, IQR 33.0—45.0 years) with type 1 diabetes (median diabetes duration of 21.6, IQR 18.2—30.3 years), and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. All individuals underwent a biochemical work-up, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound of the common carotid arteries and arterial tonometry. Arterial structural and functional parameters were assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), pulse wave velocity and augmentation index.

Results
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were present in 23.7% and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in 16.7% of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Those with type 1 diabetes and CMBs had higher median (IQR) CIMT 583 (525 – 663) μm than those without 556 (502 – 607) μm, p = 0.016). Higher CIMT was associated with the presence of CMBs (p = 0.046) independent of age, eGFR, ApoB, systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, history of retinal photocoagulation and HbA1c. Arterial stiffness and CIMT were increased in individuals with type 1 diabetes and WMHs compared to those without; however, these results were not independent of cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions
Structural, but not functional, arterial changes are associated with underlying CMBs in asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis
Authors: Gallieni Maurizio , De Salvo Cristina , Lunati Maria Elena , Rossi Antonio , D’Addio Francesca , Pastore Ida , Sabiu Gianmarco , Miglio Roberta , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in high-income countries. The strict control of glycemic oscillations is the principal therapeutic target, but this could be hard to achieve in uremic patients due to their unpredictable insulin sensitivity. Currently, the evaluation of the glycemic profile relies on serum markers (glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine), capillary glucose blood control (self-monitoring of blood glucose), and interstitial glucose control (continue glucose monitoring). We conducted a systematic review of published articles on continue glucose monitoring in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes, which included 12 major articles.
Four studies found significant fluctuations in glucose levels during hemodialysis sessions. All studies reported a higher mean amplitude of glucose variations on the hemodialysis day. Three studies agreed that continue glucose monitoring is better than glycated hemoglobin in detecting these abnormalities. Moreover, continue glucose monitoring was more accurate and perceived as easier to use by patients and their caregivers. In patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis, glucose levels show different variation patterns than the patients on hemodialysis without diabetes. Considering manageability, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness, continue glucose monitoring could be the ideal diagnostic tool for the patient with diabetes on hemodialysis.
Investigating oxygen transport efficiencies in precision-cut liver slice-based organ-on-a-chip devices
Authors: Christensen Martin G. , Cawthorne Chris , Dyer Charlotte E. , Greenman John , Pamme Nicole 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic ‘organ-on-a-chip’ devices hold great potential for better mimicking the continuous flow microenvironment experienced by tissue and cells in vivo, thereby ensuring realistic transport of nutrients and elimination of waste products. However, the mass transport of oxygen, which arguably is the most critical nutrient due to its inherently low solubility in water, is rarely assessed. To this aim, the suitability of various precision-cut liver slice (PCLS) microfluidic devices for the defined maintenance of oxygen mass transport were evaluated using COMSOL simulations, leading to the development of a novel, optimised design to provide defined in vivo oxygenation conditions within an organ-on-a-chip system. Simulations found that the proposed device was capable of maintaining 43% of the tissue slice volume within the physiological range of the liver against 18% for the best performing literature device. The optimal device architecture derived from the modelling was then fabricated and its operation confirmed with an LDH assay. These simulation results form the basis for a greater understanding of not just the challenges involved in designing organ-on-a-chip devices, but also highlight issues that would arise from the incorporation of additional organs, as research progresses towards complete human-on-a-chip model systems.