bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of moss‐inhabiting flea beetles from the Chabria group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini) reveals multiple colonizations and radiations in Taiwan
Authors: Damaška Albert F. , Konstantinov Alexander , Lee Chi‐Feng , Ruan Yongying , Mohagan Dale Joy , Fikáček Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMoss‐inhabiting flea beetles form a very diverse and understudied ecological group of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) characterized by cryptic lifestyle, loss of flight ability and feeding on mosses as both adults and larvae. We present the first DNA‐based study of the phylogenetic position of moss‐inhabiting flea beetle genera Ivalia Jacoby and Cangshanaltica Konstantinov et al., based on sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. We confirm that both genera are members of the monophyletic Chabria group, along with Chabria Jacoby, Parathrylea Duvivier, Chabriosoma Chen and Sutrea Baly. Moss‐inhabiting species form at least three independent lineages within the Chabria group, indicating multiple parallel origin of the association with mosses within the clade. We reveal the monophyly of Cangshanaltica and confirm its separate generic status from Ivalia. Ivalia is revealed as polyphyletic, consisting of at least two unrelated moss‐inhabiting lineages. In contrast, the externally similar moss‐ and leaf‐litter inhabiting genera Mniophila Stephens, Adamastoraltica Biondi et al. and Clavicornaltica Scherer are not closely related to the Chabria group. Our study specifically focused on the moss‐inhabiting flea beetles of Taiwan. We reveal that the Taiwanese fauna is a result of four independent colonizations of the island: one from China (Cangshanaltica) and three from the Philippines (three lineages morphologically assigned to Ivalia). Two of these lineages (Cangshanaltica and the core Ivalia) radiated in Taiwan and gave rise to the majority of modern Taiwanese species. The evolutionary history of Cangshanaltica and its diversification in China are also discussed.
Museomics of a rare taxon: placing Whalleyanidae in the Lepidoptera Tree of Life
Authors: Twort Victoria G. , Minet Joël , Wheat Christopher W. , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMuseomics is a valuable approach that utilizes the diverse biobanks that are natural history museums. The ability to sequence genomes from old specimens has expanded not only the variety of interesting taxa available to study but also the scope of questions that can be investigated in order to further knowledge about biodiversity. Here, we present whole genome sequencing results from the enigmatic genus Whalleyana (comprising two species – occurring in drier biomes of Madagascar – previously placed in a monotypic superfamily, Whalleyanoidea), as well as from certain species of the families Callidulidae and Hyblaeidae (Calliduloidea and Hyblaeoidea, respectively). Library preparation was carried out on four museum specimens and one existing DNA extract and sequenced with Illumina short reads. De novo assembly resulted in highly fragmented genomes with the N50 ranging from 317 to 2078 bp. Mining of a manually curated gene set of 331 genes from these draft genomes had an overall gene recovery rate of 64–90%. Phylogenetic analysis places Whalleyana as sister to Callidulidae and Hyblaea as sister to Pyraloidea. Since the former sister‐group relationship turns out to be also supported by ten morphological synapomorphies, we propose to formally assign the Whalleyanidae to the superfamily Calliduloidea. These results highlight the usefulness of not only museum specimens but also existing DNA extracts, for whole genome sequencing and gene mining for phylogenomic studies.
Description of two new HLA alleles: HLA‐B*46:80 and HLA‐B*46:81 identified in Chinese individuals
Authors: Zhao Shuoxian , He Yizhen , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTCompared with HLA‐B*46:01:01:01, the alleles HLA‐B*46:80 and HLA‐B*46:81 each show one nucleotide substitution, respectively.
CT features of malignant and benign oral tumors in 28 dogs
Authors: Lee Suhyun , Jang Youjung , Lee Gahyun , Jeon Sunghoon , Kim Dongeun , Choi Jihye 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn improved understanding of the computed tomographic (CT) features for malignant versus benign oral tumors would be helpful for guiding prognosis and treatment planning decisions in dogs. This retrospective, multi‐center, observational study compared the CT features of malignant and benign tumors in 28 dogs with 31 oral masses. Malignant tumors were present in 20 dogs, including malignant melanoma (n = 14), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 4), adenocarcinoma (n = 1), and fibrosarcoma (n = 1). Eight dogs had benign tumors, including giant cell granuloma (n = 2), peripheral odontogenic fibroma (n = 2), acanthomatous ameloblastoma (n = 2), plasmacytoma (n = 1), and oncocytoma (n = 1). Common CT features of malignant tumors included heterogeneous enhancement, tumor invasion into the adjacent bone, tooth loss, and ipsilateral mandibular lymphadenopathy. Malignant tumors were significantly larger than benign tumors. Bone lysis was found in benign tumors (n = 4) such as acanthomatous ameloblastoma, giant cell granuloma, and plasmacytoma. The bone lysis was a well‐defined geographic area regardless of malignancy and tumor type. In periosteal reactions, amorphous patterns were seen in both malignant (n = 2) and benign tumors (n = 2); the latter subgroup also showed solid patterns. Bone expansion (n = 2) was identified in malignant melanoma and acanthomatous ameloblastoma. Findings supported a diagnosis of possible malignancy for dogs with oral tumors having the following CT characteristics: large size, heterogeneous contrast enhancement pattern, bone lysis, tooth loss, and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. However, there was a considerable overlap of CT findings among the different types of oral tumors and between benign and malignant tumors. Histological evaluation therefore remains necessary for definitive diagnosis.
Multi-Stability Property of Magneto-Kresling Truss Structures
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Keten Sinan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Kresling truss structure, derived from Kresling origami, has been widely studied for its bi-stability and various other properties that are useful for diverse engineering applications. The stable states of Kresling trusses are governed by their geometry and elastic response, which involves a limited design space that has been well explored in previous studies. In this work, we present a magneto-Kresling truss design that involves embedding nodal magnets in the structure, which results in a more complex energy landscape, and consequently, greater tunability under mechanical deformation. We explore this energy landscape first along the zero-torque folding path and then release the restraint on the path to explore the complete two-degree-of-freedom behavior for various structural geometries and magnet strengths. We show that the magnetic interaction could alter the potential energy landscape by either changing the stable configuration, adjusting the energy well depth, or both. Energy wells with different minima endow this magneto-elastic structure with an outstanding energy storage capacity. More interestingly, proper design of the magneto-Kresling truss system yields a tri-stable structure, which is not possible in the absence of magnets. We also demonstrate various loading paths that can induce desired conformational changes of the structure. The proposed magneto-Kresling truss design sets the stage for fabricating tunable, scalable magneto-elastic multi-stable systems that can be easily utilized for applications in energy harvesting, storage, vibration control, as well as active structures with shape-shifting capability.
Turbulence Measurements at the Inlet of an Automotive Turbocharger Compressor Using Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Banerjee Deb , Dehner Rick , Selamet Ahmet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present work uses stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) to analyze the compressor inlet flow field, with specific emphasis on its turbulence characteristics during flow reversal in order to gain further insight into the inlet flow structures. SPIV experiments were carried out at the inlet of a centrifugal compressor without any recirculation channel at four different rotational speeds (from 80 to 140 krpm) and over the entire mass flow range (from choke to surge) at each speed. Detailed analyses have been carried out for the mean velocity field, the mean vorticity field, and the turbulent statistics including turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, and the one-dimensional energy spectra. The turbulent kinetic energy at the compressor inlet was observed to increase rapidly along a speed line with decreasing mass flowrate once flow reversal started, and the turbulence became more anisotropic. As the flowrate was reduced (along a speed line), the zone with maximum turbulent kinetic energy moved from the periphery toward the center of the inlet duct and also occurred further upstream from the impeller. The Reynolds stress distributions suggest that the Boussinesq assumption of an isotropic eddy viscosity may not be appropriate after the detection of flow reversal. The Reynolds shear stresses were observed to change signs with their corresponding velocity gradients at the tested mass flowrates at different rotational speeds. At the investigated flowrates, the radial gradients in the axial and tangential velocities were found to be most dominant.
Metamodel-Driven Data Mining Model to Support Three-Dimensional Design of Centrifugal Compressor Stage
Authors: Qin Ruihong , Ju Yaping , Spence Stephen , Zhang Chuhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe advanced design of a centrifugal compressor with high efficiency and wide operating range is a challenging task due to the complex flow field arising from the three-dimensional geometry, especially for the high-speed, highly loaded centrifugal compressor stage, which typically has a relatively narrow operating range. A great effort has been undertaken recently to solve the time-costly three-dimensional design problem with the assistance of a metamodel. Some effort has been done to gain insight into the design space with the assistance of the data mining method. However, the published works lack any study that systematically performs the data mining between the performance and three-dimensional geometry data due to two unsolved issues, i.e., lack of reliable systematic data mining model and unresolved high-dimensional data problem in the centrifugal compressor community. To tackle these issues, a systematic metamodel-driven data mining (MDDM) model including six general modules (i.e., problem understanding, data understating, metamodeling, data set preparation, knowledge discovery, and deployment) has been proposed and implemented to the knowledge discovery of the well-known Radiver high-speed centrifugal compressor stage. Particular attention has been paid to develop the design principle of operating range extension for the examined high-speed stage. Four specific data mining techniques, i.e., descriptive statistics, self-organization map, k–d tree, and Sobol index, were used for the statistical, correlation, cluster, and sensitivity analysis. The results showed the performance improvement probabilities, the trade-off relationships between efficiency and pressure ratio/operating range, and the characteristic variation of the performance. Specifically, the wide operating range design subspace and the narrow operating range design subspace were split away from the whole design space. In these subspaces, the two most sensitive geometry parameters that controlled the meridional curvature made a large contribution to the stage performance, especially for the meridional curvature at the shroud side near the impeller outlet. The appropriate variation ranges of the two sensitive geometry parameters were recommended, and the flow mechanism behind them was clarified. The statistical results showed that over 90% of the design stages in the recommended variation ranges had a wide operating range. A design case was chosen randomly in the recommended range to verify the performance improvement via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The outcomes of this work are particularly relevant for the advanced design of compressors with high efficiency and a wide operating range for flexibility.
Smartphone videos to predict the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Thomas Rahul J , Dalton Samuel , Harman Katharine , Thacker Julie , Horne Rosemary S C , Davey Margot J , Nixon Gillian M 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveDiagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is made on overnight polysomnography (PSG). Given the widespread availability of smartphone video technology, we aimed to develop and test a standardised scoring system for smartphone videos and compare these scores to PSG results.MethodsChildren aged 1–16 years undergoing PSG for suspected OSA were included. Parents were asked to take 1–2 min videos of the breathing they were concerned about. Videos were scored using a newly developed and tested tool on five components: inspiratory obstructive noises (1–4), presence of obstructive events (0–1), increased work of breathing (0–1), mouth breathing (0–1) and neck extension (0–1). Video scores and the Obstructive Apnoea Hypopnoea Index (OAHI) were compared using Spearman correlation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for different cut-off scores to achieve the best results.ResultsVideos from 43 children (28 men (65.1%), median age 5.7 years (range 2.6–14.0 years), median OAHI 3.8/hour (range 0–82 events/hour) were included. Nine children (20.9%) had a video score of <3, all of whom had an OAHI of ≤5 events/hour. For a video score of ≥3, sensitivity was 100%; specificity was 36%; positive predictive value was 53%; and negative predictive value 100% for moderate to severe OSA (OAHI>5 events/hour) .ConclusionWe have developed and validated a simple clinical tool (the Monash Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Video Score) to quantify abnormalities in breathing seen on short video recordings made on a smartphone. A low score rules out moderate–severe OSA and may be valuable in the triage of children with symptoms of OSA.
Prediagnosis pathway benchmarking audit in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Gowda Vasantha Lakshmi , Fernandez Miguel , Prasad Manish , Childs Anne-Marie , Hughes Imelda , Tirupathi Sandya , De Goede Christian Gaudentius Engelbert Lour , O’Rourke Declan , Parasuraman Deepak , Willis Tracey , Saberian Samira , Davidson Ian 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo describe age and time at key stages in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) prediagnosis pathway at selected centres to identify opportunities for service improvement.DesignA multicentre retrospective national audit.SettingNine tertiary neuromuscular centres across the UK and Ireland. A prior single-centre UK audit of 20 patients with no DMD family history provided benchmark criteria.PatientsPatients with a definitive diagnosis of DMD documented within 3 years prior to December 2018 (n=122).Main outcome measuresMean age (months) at four key stages in the DMD diagnostic pathway and mean time (months) of presentational and diagnostic delay, and time from first reported symptoms to definitive diagnosis. Type of symptoms was also recorded.ResultsOverall, mean age at definitive diagnosis, age at first engagement with healthcare professional (HCP) and age at first reported symptoms were 53.9±29.7, 49.9±28.9 and 36.4±26.8 months, respectively. The presentational delay and time to diagnosis were 21.1 (±21.1) and 4.6 (±7.9) months, respectively. The mean time from first reported symptoms to definitive diagnosis was 24.2±20.9. The percentages of patients with motor and/or non-motor symptoms recorded were 88% (n=106/121) and 47% (n=57/121), respectively.ConclusionsMajority of data mirrored the benchmark audit. However, while the time to diagnosis was shorter, a presentational delay was observed. Failure to recognise early symptoms of DMD could be a contributing factor and represents an unmet need in the diagnosis pathway. Methods determining how to improve this need to be explored.
Trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial to verify the non-inferiority of a partially covered self-expandable metal stent to an uncovered self-expandable metal stent for biliary drainage during neoadjuvant therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice (PUN-NAC trial)
Authors: Kuwatani Masaki , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Sugimori Kazuya , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kamada Hideki , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Kato Shin , Iwashita Takuji , Yoshida Makoto , Hashimoto Shinichi , Itonaga Masahiro , Mizukami Yusuke , Nomura Yusuke , Katanuma Akio , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NAC/NACRT) for resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic cancers was recently performed to improve clinical outcomes and led to good results, although it remains controversial whether NAC/NACRT is beneficial for resectable pancreatic cancer. A few recent studies revealed longer patency and lower cost related to the stent occlusion of a metal stent than those of a plastic stent during NAC/NACRT. It also remains controversial which type of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is the most suitable for patients with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic cancer during NAC/NACRT: an uncovered SEMS (USEMS), a fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS) or a partially covered SEMS (PCSEMS). So far, two randomised controlled trials indicated that a USEMS and an FCSEMS were similar in preoperative stent dysfunction and adverse event rate. Thus, we aimed to verify the non-inferiority of a PCSEMS to a USEMS in this multicentre randomised controlled trial.Methods and analysisWe designed a multicentre randomised controlled trial, for which we will recruit 100 patients with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and distal biliary obstruction scheduled for NAC/NACRT from 13 high-volume institutions. Patients will be randomly allocated to the PCSEMS group or USEMS group. The primary outcome measure is the preoperative biliary event rate. Data will be analysed after completion of the study. We will calculate the 95% CIs of the incidence of preoperative biliary events in each group and analyse whether the difference between them is within the non-inferiority margin (10%).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the institutional review board of Hokkaido University Hospital. The results will be submitted for presentation at an international medical conference and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberUMIN000041737; jRCT1012200002.
RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme
Authors: Vallio Caio Sain , Oliveira Gabriela Martins de , Mota Giovana Araujo Kretli , Lopes Alexandre Dias , Hespanhol Luiz 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundRunning is an important type of exercise to keep people physically active. However, running also carries a risk of developing running-related injuries (RRI). Therefore, effective and evidence-based RRI prevention programmes are desirable, but are scarce in practice. An approach to face this problem might be the application of methods to develop RRI prevention programmes based on theories of behaviour change.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to develop an RRI prevention programme based on perspectives of behavioural and social science theories, as well as taking a framework development approach.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework held between February and March 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were involved in running practice. The data collection was conducted during focus group meetings. The data analysis was based on semantic thematic approach using a content analysis orientation based on inductive reasoning.ResultsThe target population of the RRI prevention programme identified was ‘adult recreational runners’. The objectives of the RRI prevention programme were established in two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and RRI risk; and (2) provide/enhance knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours. The programme is aimed to be delivered through an online system.ConclusionAn RRI prevention programme was developed using the IM framework and a participatory approach. The programme was named ‘RunIn3’, and it is based on providing feedback on running volume and RRI risk, as well as providing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours.
Consultant staffing in UK congenital cardiac services: a 10-year survey of leavers and joiners
Authors: Crossland David Steven , Ferguson Richard , Magee Alan , Jenkins Petra , Bulock Frances A , Parry Andrew , Babu-Narayan Sonya V , Carroll Aisling , Daubeney Piers EF , Simpson John 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo report the numbers of consultant congenital cardiac surgeons and cardiologists who have joined and left UK practice over the last 10 years and explore the reasons for leaving.MethodsRetrospective observational questionnaire study completed between 11 June 2019 and 1 July 2020 by UK level 1 congenital cardiac centres of 10-year consultant staff movement and reasons suggested for leaving UK practice.ResultsAt survey completion there were 218 (202 whole time equivalent (WTE)) consultant cardiologists and surgeons working within level 1 centres made up of 39 (38 WTE) surgeons, 137 (128.5 WTE) paediatric cardiologists, 42 (35.5 WTE) adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cardiologists. 161 (74%) consultants joined in the last 10 years of whom 103 (64%) were UK trained. There were 91 leavers giving a staff turnover rate 42% (surgeons 56%, paediatric cardiologists 42%, ACHD cardiologists 29%). Of those, leaving 43% moved to work abroad (surgeons 55%, paediatric cardiologists 40%, ACHD cardiologists 67%). Among the 65 reported reasons for leaving 16 were financial, 9 for work life balance, 6 to working conditions within the National Health Service (NHS) and 12 related to the profession in the UK including six specifically highlighting the national review process.ConclusionsThere has been a high turnover rate of consultant staff within UK congenital cardiac services over the last 10 years with almost half of those leaving moving to work overseas. Financial reasons and pressures relating to working in the NHS or the specialty in the UK were commonly reported themes for leaving. This has major implications for future planning and staff retention within this specialised service.