bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frame‐by‐frame annotation of video recordings using deep neural networks
Authors: Conway Alexander M. , Durbach Ian N. , McInnes Alistair , Harris Robert N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVideo data are widely collected in ecological studies, but manual annotation is a challenging and time‐consuming task, and has become a bottleneck for scientific research. Classification models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proved successful in annotating images, but few applications have extended these to video classification. We demonstrate an approach that combines a standard CNN summarizing each video frame with a recurrent neural network (RNN) that models the temporal component of video. The approach is illustrated using two datasets: one collected by static video cameras detecting seal activity inside coastal salmon nets and another collected by animal‐borne cameras deployed on African penguins, used to classify behavior. The combined RNN‐CNN led to a relative improvement in test set classification accuracy over an image‐only model of 25% for penguins (80% to 85%), and substantially improved classification precision or recall for four of six behavior classes (12–17%). Image‐only and video models classified seal activity with very similar accuracy (88 and 89%), and no seal visits were missed entirely by either model. Temporal patterns related to movement provide valuable information about animal behavior, and classifiers benefit from including these explicitly. We recommend the inclusion of temporal information whenever manual inspection suggests that movement is predictive of class membership.
Health‐promoting bioactivity and in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of a hemiepiphyte fig, Ficus dubia
Authors: Suttisansanee Uthaiwan , Pitchakarn Pornsiri , Ting Pisamai , Inthachat Woorawee , Thiyajai Parunya , Rodthayoy Daraphan , Karinchai Jirarat , Chantarasuwan Bhanumas , Nuchuchua Onanong , Temviriyanukul Piya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFicus species have been used as a typical component in food and folk medicine in Asia for centuries. However, little is known regarding the bioactivity and genotoxicity of the recently identified Ficus dubia (FD), an indigenous plant of the tropical evergreen rain forest. FD is unique from other Ficus species because of its highly sought‐after red‐brown latex. Antioxidant properties together with phenolic and flavonoid contents of FD were elucidated. Health‐promoting characteristics were examined by studying the inhibition of enzymes as a drug target for diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity, together with anticancer ability against human colorectal adenocarcinoma, human hepatocellular carcinoma, human ovarian carcinoma, human prostate adenocarcinoma, and human lung carcinoma. Besides, FD genotoxicity was tested using the Drosophila wing spot test. Results showed that both FD root and latex exhibited antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids, specifically caffeic acid and cyanidin. The ethanolic fraction of FD root demonstrated a potent antidiabetic mechanism underlying α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity similar to acarbose. This fraction also suppressed lung and ovarian cancer growth, possibly by G1 and G2/M arrest, respectively. All tested fractions lacked mutagenicity in vivo. Results indicated that FD can be developed as novel antidiabetic compounds; however, its bioactive compounds should be further identified.
A cause‐specific Cox model for second primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer: A RONCDOC study
Authors: Bugter Oisín , van Iwaarden Dirk L. P. , van Leeuwen Nikki , Nieboer Daan , Dronkers Emilie A. C. , Hardillo José A. U. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of second primary tumors (SPTs) in the head and neck region, lungs, and esophagus in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsWe collected data from 1581 patients. A cause‐specific Cox model for the development of an SPT was fitted, accounting for the competing risks residual/recurrent tumor and mortality.ResultsOf all patients, 246 (15.6%) developed SPTs. Analysis showed that tobacco and alcohol use, comorbidity, and the oral cavity subsite were risk factors for SPTs. The C‐index, the discriminative accuracy, of the model for SPT was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.68).ConclusionsOur results show that there is potential to identify patients who have an increased risk to develop an SPT. This might increase their survival chances and quality of life. More research is needed to provide head and neck clinicians with definitive recommendations.
Evaluation of performance at Palestinian public hospitals using Pabón Lasso model
Authors: Shaqura Iyad Ibrahim , Gholami Masoomeh , Sari Ali Akbari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospitals have a paramount role in provision of health care services, which in turn significantly impacts the performance of any health system, especially in developing countries.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Ministry of Health general hospitals in Gaza according to their surgical and internal medicine departments during a 3‐year period (2016, 2017 and 2018) using Pabón Lasso model.MethodThis descriptive study includes the overall public general hospitals in Gaza Strip (7). Data have been collected from the officially disseminated reports, mainly about average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, and bed turnover ratio in the surgical and internal medicine departments for the study period. Pabón Lasso charts have been drawn using MS Excel 2013.Results and conclusionFor surgical departments, about 42.8% were efficient (zone 3) during the 3 years, while, 42.8% were inefficient (zone 1). Only one hospital was relatively efficient (zone 4) in 2017 and 2018. Regarding internal medicine departments, 28.6%–42.8% of hospitals were efficient during the study period, 14.3%–42.8% were inefficient, and 28.6%–42.8% were relatively efficient (zone 2 and 4). It is recommended to count on such type of analysis in decision‐making and identify obstacles for best utilization of the available resources. Inefficiency in hospitals serves as a good opportunity for resources mobilization or innovation in demand‐creating interventions, thereby, regular evaluation of resources’ distribution. Further research is required by applying frontier techniques of efficiency measurement.
MHD heat transfer and entropy production of an Al2O3‐water nanofluid in a horizontal cylinder
Authors: Belahmadi Essma , Bessaїh Rachid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of magnetic fields (Br, Bθ, Bz) applied in r‐, θ‐, z‐directions, respectively, on entropy production and heat transfer and in a horizontal cylinder filled with an Al2O3‐water nanofluid. The results are verified using literature data. For different Richardson, Ri, and Hartmann numbers, Ha, the nanoparticles (NP) ϕ, and magnetic field orientation combined effect provide a better understanding of heat transfer and entropy optimization. The results indicate that entropy production and heat transfer and rates depend on magnetic field intensity and direction. Also, increasing Ri and NP increases entropy generation and heat transfer. Finally, applying a radial magnetic field promotes a better convective heat transfer and minimizes entropy production.
Current research status of HLA in immune‐related diseases
Authors: Liu Bingnan , Shao Yuanyuan , Fu Rong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA), also known as human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is encoded by the HLA gene complex, and is currently known to have the highest gene density and the most polymorphisms among human chromosomal areas. HLA is divided into class I antigens, class II antigens, and class III antigens according to distribution and function. Classical HLA class I antigens include HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐C; HLA class II antigens include HLA‐DP, HLA‐DQ, and HLA‐DR; nonclassical HLA class I and II molecules include HLA‐F, E, H, X, DN, DO, and DM; and others, such as complement, are class III antigens. HLA is closely related to the body's immune response, regulation, and surveillance and is of great significance in the study of autoimmune diseases, tumor immunity, organ transplantation, and reproductive immunity. HLA is an important research topic that bridges immunology and clinical diseases. With the development of research methods and technologies, there will be more discoveries and broader prospects.
Electrochemistry and Microelectronics, Perspective and Prospective
Authors: Shacham‐Diamand Yosi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModern electrochemistry contributes significantly to the field of Micro‐System‐Technologies (MST). MST is the base of the global information and communication technology (ICT) driving most aspects of modern life. MST includes Micro and Nano scale manufacturing disciplines such as microelectronics, micro electro mechanical systems, micro‐electro‐optics, microfluidics and more. MST, since its conception, involved many aspects of applied electrochemistry: process modules (i. e. deposition, etching, cleaning etc.), devices (i. e. biosensing, chemical sensing etc.), and energy components (i. e. sources, energy harvesting, storage etc.). We present a brief historical overview, followed by a discussion about the main topic of this work, electrochemistry and MST. To highlight the electrochemistry contribution, two examples are presented demonstrating when electrochemistry provided critical micro technologies. The first is Very Large‐Scale Integration copper metallization, which is already in mass production, and the second is 3D integration of circuits and systems, which is under intense research and development.
Comparing the physicochemical properties of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and polymeric DCPD (P‐DCPD) cement particles
Authors: Barua Rajib , Daly‐Seiler Conor S. , Chenreghanianzabi Yasaman , Markel David , Li Yawen , Zhou Meng , Ren Weiping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe developed a new and injectable poly‐dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (P‐DCPD) forming cement. The key structural difference between P‐DCPD and classical DCPD is that P‐DCPD is composed of interconnected P‐DCPD crystals by interlocking to the polyphosphate chains. In contrast, DCPD is composed of a package of DCPD crystals with weak mutual ionic bonding. The purpose of this continuing study was to compare the physicochemical properties between P‐DCPD and DCPD cement particles. Data collected from SEM, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman Spectroscopy approaches demonstrated that P‐DCPD has a more stable chemical structure than DCPD as evidenced by much less transformation to hydroxyapatite (HA) during setting. Nanoindentation showed a similar hardness while the elastic modulus of P‐DCPD is much lower than DCPD that might be due to the much less HA transformation of P‐DCPD. P‐DCPD has much lower zeta potential and less hydrophilicity than DCPD because of its entangled and interconnected polyphosphate chains. It is expected that superhydrophilic DCPD undergoes faster dissolution than P‐DCPD in an aqueous environment. Another interesting finding is that the pH of eluent from P‐DCPD is more neutral (6.6–7.1) than DCPD (5.5–6.5). More extensive experiments are currently underway to further evaluate the potential impacts of the different physiochemical performance observed of P‐DCPD and DCPD cement particles on the biocompatibility, degradation behavior and bone defect healing efficacy both in vivo and in vitro.
Neighborhood social integration as a predictor of neighborhood perceptions
Authors: Carbone Jason T. , Clift Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA growing body of literature has established a relationship between neighborhood perceptions and both physical and mental health outcomes, yet there remains a need to further explicate possible psychosocial factors that are predictive of neighborhood perceptions. This study hypothesized that an increase in social integration would result in more positive neighborhood perceptions. Propensity score matching on social integration was employed to strengthen the ability to draw a causal inference about the effect on neighborhood perceptions. When controlling for a range of sociodemographic covariates—including area deprivation index as a measure of objective neighborhood conditions—high social integration accounted for more than a 7% increase in neighborhood perceptions. The findings indicate the role of social integration as a predictor of neighborhood perceptions, revealing the potential importance of interventions and mechanisms aimed at improving neighborhood perceptions via social integration for the purposes of improving physical health and mental wellbeing.
Relationship between internal carotid artery stenosis grade and optic nerve sheath diameter measured by transorbital ultrasonography
Authors: Komut Erdal , Murat Muammer , Büyükşireci Mehmet , Komut Seval , Kozaci Nalan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the consequence of the presence, grade, and asymmetry of carotid artery stenoses on the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by ultrasonography.MethodsONSD was measured with B‐mode ultrasonography in 129 patients referred for duplex and color Doppler imaging of the carotid arteries. Internal carotid artery stenosis was graded on the basis of peak systolic flow velocity.ResultsThe mean ONSD was 3.04 ± 0.38 mm in the patients without or with <50% internal carotid artery stenosis and 2.46 ± 0.35 mm in those with >70% stenosis. There was an average difference of 0.58 mm between the ONSD of the patients with <50% and the patients with >70% stenosis.ConclusionONSD is lower in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Carotid arteries should be investigated, especially in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases, before interpreting ONSD values.
A complete solution to the Cvetković–Rowlinson conjecture
Authors: Lin Huiqiu , Ning Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 1990, Cvetković and Rowlinson conjectured that among all outerplanar graphs on vertices, attains the maximum spectral radius. In 2017, Tait and Tobin confirmed the conjecture for sufficientlty large values of . In this article, we show the conjecture is true for all except for .
Inorganic polyphosphates stimulates matrix production in human annulus fibrosus cells
Authors: Wang Xiangjiang , Gawri Rahul , Lei Changbin , Lee Joon , Sowa Gwendolyn , Kandel Rita , Vo Nam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionUbiquitously found in all life forms, inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are linear polymers of repeated orthophosphate units. Present in intervertebral disc tissue, polyP was previously shown to increase extracellular matrix production in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. However, the effects of polyP on human annulus fibrosus (hAF) cell metabolism is not known.Methods and ResultsHere, hAF cells cultured in the presence of 0.5 to 1 mM polyP, chain length 22 (polyP‐22), showed an increase in glycosaminoglycan content, proteoglycan and collagen synthesis, and aggrecan and collagen type 1 gene expression. Gene expression level of matrix metalloproteinases 1 was reduced while matrix metalloproteinases 3 level was increased in hAF cells treated with 1 mM polyP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis was also significantly increased in hAF cell culture 72 hours after the exposure to 1 mM polyP‐22.ConclusionsPolyP thus has both anabolic and bioenergetic effects in AF cells, similar to that observed in NP cells. Together, these results suggest polyP as a potential energy source and a metabolic regulator of disc cells.
Mechano‐Optical Characterization of Extrusion Flow Instabilities in Styrene‐Butadiene Rubbers: Investigating the Influence of Molecular Properties and Die Geometry
Authors: Georgantopoulos Christos K. , Esfahani Masood K. , Botha Carlo , Naue Ingo F. C. , Dingenouts Nico , Causa Andrea , Kádár Roland , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe extrusion flow instabilities of two commercial styrene‐butadiene rubbers are investigated as they vary in isomer content (1,4‐cis, 1,4‐trans, and 1,2 conformation) of the butadiene monomer and the molecular architecture (linear, branched). The investigated samples have similar multimodal molecular weight distribution. Two geometries of extrusion dies, slit and round capillary, are compared in terms of the type and the spatial characteristics of the flow instabilities. The latter are quantified using three methods: a highly pressure sensitive slit die, online and offline optical analysis. The highly pressure‐sensitive slit die has three piezoelectric pressure transducers (Δt ≈ 10−3 s and Δp ≈ 10−5 bar) placed along the die length. The characteristic frequency (fChar.) of the flow instabilities follows a power law behavior as a function of shear rate to a 0.5 power for both materials, . A qualitative model is used to predict the spatial characteristic wavelength (λ) of the flow instabilities from round capillary to slit dies and vice versa. Slip velocities (Vs) are used to quantify the slippage at slit and round capillary dies as well.
Phase Behavior of Partially Charged Polyelectrolyte Solutions with Salt: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Qiu Qiyuan , Xu Xiaofei , Wang Yanwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeakly (or partially) charged polyelectrolytes represent an important subset of the polyelectrolyte family. For instance, polycarboxylate‐based superplasticizers, or PCEs, are comb‐shaped polyelectrolytes possessing anionic backbones grafted with neutral side chains. PCEs play an important role in modern concrete production. However, their behavior in salt solutions remain poorly understood. The present work builds upon a recently developed liquid‐state theory for fully charged polyelectrolyte solutions and extends it to describe the phase behavior and salt partitioning of PCEs in a 2:1 salt solution. Previous studies have shown that there can be an additional short‐range attraction, often referred to as the “calcium‐binding” interaction between calcium ions and the negatively‐charged carboxylate groups of PCEs. Such a calcium‐binding interaction and how its strength affects the phase behavior are investigated. It is found that increasing the calcium‐binding strength expands the phase‐separated region and increases the critical extra salt concentration, and it also leads to a wider phase‐separated region for salting‐out and salting‐in phenomena. The structural parameters of PCEs also affect the phase behavior. Increasing the side‐chain length shrinks the phase‐separated region, while increasing the acid‐to‐ether ratio expands the phase‐separated region. Those results may find applications in molecular design of weakly charged polyelectrolytes like PCEs.
Relationship between emotional intelligence and job well‐being in Chinese Registered Nurses: Mediating effect of communication satisfaction
Authors: Li Xue , Fang Xiaoxia , Wang Lina , Geng Xiaosong , Chang Hongjuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and job well‐being among Chinese Registered Nurses, and the mediating role of communication satisfaction in the relationship.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was employed.MethodsRandom sampling was adopted. The study was conducted from September to December 2019, and 1,475 Registered Nurses from a Chinese hospital provided responses to Wong and Law's emotional intelligence scale, communication satisfaction scale, job well‐being scale and general information questionnaire. SPSS25.0 software was used to calculate means, standard deviations and correlations, and AMOS 21.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model.ResultsThe emotional intelligence, communication satisfaction and job well‐being of Registered Nurses in China were related to positional rank, work department, monthly income, years of service, night shift work distribution and intensity of work. There were positive correlations among emotional intelligence, communication satisfaction and job well‐being. Communication satisfaction partly mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and job well‐being. Improving the level of emotional intelligence and communication satisfaction should be an important strategy to improve nurses' job well‐being. Therefore, nursing managers could carry out targeted training on emotional intelligence management and communication between nurses and patients and pay attention to the spiritual needs of nurses and provide psychological guidance on a regular basis.
Reaction Mechanisms and Rate Constants of Auto‐Catalytic Urethane Formation and Cleavage Reactions
Authors: Gertig Christoph , Erdkamp Eric , Ernst Andreas , Hemprich Carl , Kröger Leif C. , Langanke Jens , Bardow André , Leonhard Kai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe chemistry of urethanes plays a key role in important industrial processes. Although catalysts are often used, the study of the reactions without added catalysts provides the basis for a deeper understanding. For the non‐catalytic urethane formation and cleavage reactions, the dominating reaction mechanism has long been debated. To our knowledge, the reaction kinetics have not been predicted quantitatively so far. Therefore, we report a new computational study of urethane formation and cleavage reactions. To analyze various potential reaction mechanisms and to predict the reaction rate constants quantum chemistry and transition state theory were employed. For validation, experimental data from literature and from own experiments were used. Quantitative agreement of experiments and predictions could be demonstrated. The calculations confirm earlier assumptions that urethane formation reactions proceed via mechanisms where alcohol molecules act as auto‐catalysts. Our results show that it is essential to consider several transition states corresponding to different reaction orders to enable agreement with experimental observations. Urethane cleavage seems to be catalyzed by an isourethane, leading to an observed 2nd‐order dependence of the reaction rate on the urethane concentration. The results of our study support a deeper understanding of the reactions as well as a better description of reaction kinetics and will therefore help in catalyst development and process optimization.
Enhanced flexural strength of carbon nanotubes‐glass fiber epoxy composite laminates using an electrospray deposition technique
Authors: Sabri Fatin Nur Amirah Mohd , Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Akil Hazizan Md. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electrospray deposition technique (ESD) was used to coat carbon nanotubes (CNTs) uniformly on the surface of glass fiber (GF) and to increase the flexural strength of CNTs‐GF epoxy composite laminate. The deposition of CNTs on the GF surface has been optimized by the applied voltage and spray time. The deposited CNTs on the GF surface showed a well dispersed and homogeneous coating. Implementing optimized ESD in the fabrication of composite laminate caused a 25.26% to 59.28% improvement of flexural performance in CNTs‐GF composite laminate. The dispersion of CNTs was characterized by using a digital microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The result revealed that the applied voltage had an impact on the well‐dispersed coated CNTs, while the spray time affected the flexural output.