bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity from Indonesian anti-degenerative herbs water extract
Authors: Tristantini Dewi , Wahidin Wahidin , Feliana Ferlita , Widigarka Marosta , Santoso Leon Lukhas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made the number of patients gradually increase. Currently, the vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 is being researched and most of the people have to trust their immune system and being healthy as long as they could in the mean times. High antioxidant food is recommended for the people whom currently are reducing their activity from home with good exercise. Therefore, this research was focused on the Indonesian anti-degenerative herbs water extract for an immunomodulatory activity to maintain healthy productivity of lymphocyte cells and to regulate neutrophil cells production, also with antioxidant activity to maintain optimal function of the immune system.

Methods
The antioxidant activity test was conducted with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the immunomodulator ability test was conducted with DDY-strain female mice (Mus musculus) for 28 days in five different groups.

Results
The IC50 for gallic acid and mixed herbs extract solutions was 1.89 and 146.91 μg/mL, respectively. The immunomodulatory activity was determined from the result of leukocytes differentiation which could be seen from the lymphocytes and neutrophil t-test results that were significant at p<0.1.

Conclusions
From the results, it can be concluded that anti-degenerative extract has moderate antioxidant activity and an immunomodulator ability to regulate the productivity of lymphocyte and neutrophil cells.
Stigmasterol isolated from the chloroform fraction of Adenopus breviflorus Benth fruit induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in rat liver
Authors: Oyedeji Tolulope A. , Onireti Daniel O. , Lasisi Olaitan S. , Akobi Chibuzor I. , Olorunsogo Olufunso O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Decoction of Adenopus breviflorus fruit is used in folkloric medicine for treating dysmenorrhea and gonorrhea. Phytochemicals from A. breviflorus may be potent in inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro effects of stigmasterol isolated from the chloroform fraction of A. breviflorus (CFAB) and also the increasing concentration of CFAB on the opening of rat liver mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore.

Methods
Fractionation of CFAB on column chromatography yielded a needle-like crystal which structure was elucidated by standard spectroscopic techniques. The effects of stigmasterol and CFAB on MPT pore opening were assayed spectrophotometrically. Also, the effect of CFAB on mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity and cytochrome c (Cyt c) release were determined.

Results
Stigmasterol isolated from CFAB induced MPT pore opening significantly (p<0.05) when compared with the control. Similarly, CFAB significantly (p<0.05) induced MPT pore opening in rat liver mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence and absence of the triggering agent – calcium ion. Furthermore, the increasing concentration of CFAB significantly (p<0.05) stimulated mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity and Cyt c release in a concentration-dependent manner.

Conclusions
The study showed that stigmasterol isolated from the chloroform fraction of A. breviflorus is a potent inducer of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Also, the study further revealed that CFAB possesses potent bioactive compounds which can induce the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, activation of mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity and cytochrome c release.
Ameliorative effect of Kolaviron, an extract ofGarcinia kolaseeds, on induced hypertension
Authors: Olatoye Francis J. , Akindele Abidemi J. , Onwe Samson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesEarly diagnosis and management of known cardiovascular disease risk attributes such as hypertension lessens morbidity and mortality as well as increase quality of life of patients. This present study was modelled to investigate the ameliorative effect of Kolaviron, an extract ofGarcinia kolaHeckel seeds, in ethanol- and sucrose-induced hypertension.MethodsTest animals were divided into six groups of six animals each for each hypertensive model. Animals were treated daily with distilled water (10 ml/kg); 35% ethanol (3 g/kg) or sucrose (5–7%); Kolaviron (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) separately plus ethanol or sucrose and Amlodipine (0.14 mg/kg) separately plus ethanol or sucrose for 8 weeks. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were determined using non-invasive BP system after 8 weeks. Blood was obtained for the assessment of biochemical parameters, lipid profile and antioxidant indices. Vital organs were collected for approximation of tissue antioxidant levels.ResultsResults show that Kolaviron at various doses and Amlodipine significantly reduced (p<0.05–0.001) the elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures produced by ethanol and sucrose administration. Additionally, Kolaviron and Amlodipine significantly overturned (p<0.05–0.001) the reduction in GSH, SOD and CAT, and elevation in MDA levels elicited by ethanol and sucrose. Furthermore, Kolaviron and Amlodipine produced significant reduction (p<0.001) in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins, as well as significant increase (p<0.01–0.001) in levels of high-density lipoproteins.ConclusionsResults from this study demonstrate that Kolaviron possibly possesses significant antihypertensive effect which may possibly be attributed to its antioxidant effects and relative improvement of lipid profile.
Effect of Arogya Raksha Panchatantra (five lifestyle principles) on hematological parameters and anthropometric measures among healthy volunteers: a pilot study
Authors: Panneerselvam Naresh Kumar , Suresh Preethi K. , Ravindran Dhilip , Manoharan Ezhil Ratnakumari 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A healthy lifestyle is one, where the individual adapts it aiming at prevention from ailments. Unhealthy lifestyle is a behavioral risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Arogya Raksha Panchatantra (five principles of healthy living), is a Naturopathy and Yoga lifestyle practice proposed by an eminent Indian Naturopath Dr. B. Venkat Rao, observed to modify the behavioral risk factors. The main objective of this study is to observe the changes in Hematological parameters and Anthropometric measures by practicing this Naturopathic lifestyle.

Methods
The study adapted one group Pretest – Posttest quasi experimental design, with a total of nine healthy student volunteers between age group 18–20 years. Hematological parameters such as total blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH, PCV, and anthropometric measurements such as weight, body circumferences (waist, hip) and changes in blood pressure were measured at baseline and after practice at 25th day.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference observed in weight, waist and hip circumference, hematological indices except with MCV and MCH, and blood pressure (p<0.05), with no significant changes in waist-hip ratio and blood counts.

Conclusions
The findings of the study indicate that adapting Naturopathy and Yoga lifestyle based on proposed lifestyle practices may be beneficial in reducing the risk factors for non-communicable diseases. The study does not attribute the effects observed to any particular lifestyle practiced in this study; rather it is combination of healthy practices as observed in the study and it needs further longitudinal observations whether the beneficial effect of Naturopathy lifestyle practices is sustained for longer period of time.
The potential of immature poken (Citrus reticulata) extract in the weight management, lipid and glucose metabolism
Authors: Lin Yung-Kai , Chung Yu-Ming , Yang Hui-Ting , Lin Yung-Hao , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Hu Wei-Chun , Chiang Chi-Fu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of obesity was increasing globally, with nearly half a billion of the world’s population now considered to be overweight or obese. The immature poken (Citrus reticulata) was a good source of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which may exert an anti-obesity effect. However, the current efficacy in clinical trials was still unclear. Thus, the object of this study was to explore whether immature poken had an anti-obesity effect in the clinical trial.

Methods
In this study, we identified nine major compounds from immature poken extract (IPE), and most compounds significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in adipocytes. In addition, 20 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 or body fat > 30 were recruited and randomly allocated to placebo and experimental (IPE) groups for 6 week intervention and 2 week follow-up.

Results
In comparison with the baseline results (week 0), the body weight, body fat, and waist circumference at week 6 in the IPE group were significantly decreased by 1.49 kg, 0.33%, 2.1 cm. Moreover, in blood biochemical analysis, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin levels at week 6 in IPE group were also decreased by 3.6, 4.6, 2.1 (mg/dL), and 2.9 (μU/mL), respectively.

Conclusions
The finding showed that immature poken had important roles in fat metabolism by suppressing adipogenesis, and immature poken may provide new weight loss strategies for obese people.
Effect of antibiotic use on the efficacy of nivolumab in the treatment of advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huo Geng-wei , Zuo Ran , Song Ying , Chen Wei-dong , Chen Wen-ming , Chong Dao-qun , Zhang Hong-mei , Jia Sha-sha , Chen Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of the use of antibiotics on the effectiveness of nivolumab in the treatment of advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A literature search was conducted in various electronic databases to identify studies, which evaluated the impact of antibiotic use on the survival of patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC who have been treated with nivolumab. Six studies, comprising a total of 787 patients with 37.2% females and of age range 30–90 years, were included in the study. A lack of smoking history was reported in 14.4% of the patients. A meta-analysis was conducted in 678 and 713 patients for PFS and OS, respectively. The pooled HR was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.13–3.37, P = 0.016) for PFS and 2.70 (95% CI: 1.81–4.02, P < 0.001) for OS. Among patients exposed to antibiotics, the median PFS and OS were reduced by 1.6 months (95% CI: 1.5–1.7) and 8.8 months (95% CI: 8.5–9.1), respectively. Our study indicates that, among patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC, the use of antibiotics with nivolumab led to a decrease in the median OS by more than 8 months. Studying the mechanism of the effect of antibiotics on the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with NSCLC should also be prioritized.
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy of cancer; possible clinical applications
Authors: Wakiyama Hiroaki , Kato Takuya , Furusawa Aki , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that uses an antibody-photo-absorber conjugate (APC) composed of a targeting monoclonal antibody conjugated with a photoactivatable phthalocyanine-derivative dye, IRDye700DX (IR700). APCs injected into the body can bind to cancer cells where they are activated by local exposure to NIR light typically delivered by a NIR laser. NIR light alters the APC chemical conformation inducing damage to cancer cell membranes, resulting in necrotic cell death within minutes of light exposure. NIR-PIT selectivity kills cancer cells by immunogenic cell death (ICD) with minimal damage to adjacent normal cells thus, leading to rapid recovery by the patient. Moreover, since NIR-PIT induces ICD only on cancer cells, NIR-PIT initiates and activates antitumor host immunity that could be further enhanced when combined with immune checkpoint inhibition. NIR-PIT induces dramatic changes in the tumor vascularity causing the super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR) effect that dramatically enhances nanodrug delivery to the tumor bed. Currently, a worldwide Phase 3 study of NIR-PIT for recurrent or inoperable head and neck cancer patients is underway. In September 2020, the first APC and accompanying laser system were conditionally approved for clinical use in Japan. In this review, we introduce NIR-PIT and the SUPR effect and summarize possible applications of NIR-PIT in a variety of cancers.
The crystal structure of 2-amino-5-carboxypyridin-1-ium iodide monohydrate, C6H9IN2O3
Authors: Zeng Yan , Du Chao-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C6H9IN2O3, monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

(no. 14), a = 9.3654(2) Å, b = 8.0312(2) Å, c = 12.7668(3) Å, β = 107.825(1)°, V = 914.16(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0156, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0354, T = 150(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of (2E,2′E)-3,3′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(1-(3-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one), C24H16Br2O2
Authors: Usman Rabia , Khan Arshad , Refat Moamen S. , Al-Hazmi Ghaferah H. , He Nongyue 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C24H16Br2O2, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 7.407(3) Å, b = 44.336(16) Å, c = 6.046(2) Å, V = 944.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0602, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1315, T = 293 K.
An efficient nanofiltration system containing mixture of rice husk ash and Fe/CeO2–SiO2 nanocomposite for the removal of azo dye and pesticide
Authors: Khalil Zubaida , Farrukh Muhammad Akhyar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fe/CeO2–SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by using zwitterionic surfactant 3-(N,N-dimethyloctadecylammonio) propane sulfonate (SB3-18) by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. The nanocomposite was well characterized before its use. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the synthesis of the Fe/CeO2–SiO2 nanocomposite. Crystallite size calculated by using Scherrer equation was 5.33 nm while it was found 5.26 nm by Williamson–Hall equation. Bandgap of Fe/CeO2–SiO2 nanocomposite shows redshift after the doping of Fe. Degradation studies of methylene blue (MB) and chlorpyrifos (CP) were investigated by nanofiltration (NF) column under visible light irradiation. Degradation and adsorption of MB was investigated by three different types of columns under visible light irradiation. It was observed to achieve 100 % removal of MB and 91 % of CP through column in which rice husk ash (RHA) slurry was mixed with the nanocomposite.
Features of low functional load in mono- and bilinguals’ lexical access: evidence from Swedish tonal accent
Authors: Althaus Nadja , Wetterlin Allison , Lahiri Aditi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSwedish makes use of tonal accents (Accents 1 and 2) to contrast words, but the functional load is very low, with some regional dialects not even exhibiting the contrast. In particular given the low number of minimal pairs, the question is whether tonal word accent is used in lexical access. Here we present two cross-modal fragment semantic priming studies in order to address this question. Both experiments use first syllable fragments in order to prime semantically related targets. Experiment 1 utilises words whose first syllable occurs with both accent patterns, creating a situation in which there is lexical competition between words that differ solely in terms of accent. Experiment 2 removes this competition by using words that have no such accent competitors. Our results show that native speakers of Swedish use tonal word accent in lexical access: Accent mispronunciations failed to prime semantically related targets, regardless of whether primes had accent competitors or not. Results for a group of early bilingual speakers (who grew up with one Swedish-speaking parent and one other non-tonal language) showed no differences in processing compared to the monolinguals. This indicates that the extraction of accent features during acquisition and their use in lexical access is robust, even in a scenario where multiple input languages lead to tonal word accent being a useful feature for only some of the lexical items that are being acquired. There is no doubt that the accent system is well entrenched into the bilinguals’ phonological system.
Stylistic Variation and the Role of Dialect Contact in theleísmoof Basque-Spanish
Authors: Rodríguez-Ordóñez Itxaso 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is considerable debate with respect to the status of Basque-Spanishleísmoas a contact phenomenon. To address this conundrum, the present study adds another variable,dialect contactand examines the synchronic variation of Basque-Spanishleísmoamong educated young speakers, paying special attention to possible stylistic effects. The speech of 41 Basque-Spanish speakers was gathered by means of sociolinguistic interviews and an elicited production task. Participants were stratified by region: 22 speakers were recruited from Gernika where contact with Basque has been intense and compared to 19 speakers from the Greater Bilbao Area where the contact with Basque is less strong. Dialect contact was operationalized through parental input (Basque Country vs. Monolingual Spain). Results indicate thatleísmois quite extended in the Spanish of the Basque Country and mainly driven by animacy. Basque-Spanishleísmois also subject to stylistic effects, whereby animacy and grammatical gender effects were found, suggesting that Basque-Spanish speakers alternate between two systems depending on speech formality. Finally, results indicate that parental origin had an effect in Bilbao, but not in Gernika. I situate these results within a discussion of previous work on dialect contact.
Evaluación del efecto del pretratamiento del rastrojo de piña, para la producción de hidrógeno vía reformado en fase acuosa (APR).
Authors: Brenes Mauricio Ulate , Jaikel Víquez Jimena 
Published: May 2021

La finalidad de este proyecto fue evaluar el uso del producto del tratamiento de material lignocelulósico del rastrojo de piña, para la producción de azúcares, como sustrato en la reacción de reformado en fase acuosa (APR); con el fin de producir hidrógeno utilizando un catalizador de níquel soportado en alúmina.
Se realizó la caracterización del rastrojo de piña utilizado (MD2). Se trabajó con un diseño estadística factorial 23, para realizar el estuio de la hidrólisis del rastrojo, con el fin de estudiar el efecto de la concentración de ácido sulfúrico diluido (1 %m/m y 3%m/m), de la temperatura (100 °C y 140 °C) y de la relación sólido-líquido (1:6 g/mL y 1:9 g/mL).
En el proceso de reformado en fase acuosa (APR), se definió un 5 % de masa de catalizador con respecto a la masa de glucosa en la mezcla de reacción obtenida de la hidrólisis ácida. Se establece una temperatura de reacción de 473.15 K y un tiempo de reacción de 2 horas, variando el porcentaje de níquel en el catalizador. Se utilizan como niveles en el porcentaje de níquel 5%, 20% y 35 % soportado en alúmina comercial. Se encuentra que la tasa de producción de hidrógeno máxima fue de 221 mmol gcat-1 h-1, existiendo diferencia estadística entre el catalizador con 35 % de níquel utilizadas.
Decision Planning in Agricultural Production to Achieve a Green Economy in Mae Faek Sub-District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors: Et al. Kamontip Panyasit 
Published: May 2021

The research aims to study decision making using producing factors under the concept of green economy to enhance the community’s economic sustainability for 250 agricultural households who grow glutinous rice, animal feed maize and potato in an area of 2,500 Rai in Mae-Faek Mai Sub-District, Sansai District, Chiang Mai Province. The study employs the Fuzzy Analysis Hierarchical Process (FAHP) together with Multi-goal and Multi-Period Linear Programming. The results reveal that growing in-season glutinous rice alternating with potato is the most appropriate way to increase net revenue and to decrease the amount of greenhouse emission, followed by growing in-season glutinous rice alternating with animal feed maize as this helps income stability when drought occurs. In contrast, growing in-season glutinous rice alternating with off-season glutinous rice is not only affected by a lack of water resources, but also increases the amount of greenhouse gas from the growing process.
Finding a Solution to the Problem "Low level of Scientific for Some Students in the High Schools", Using Hypermedia Technology online
Authors: Wissam Ali Hussein Salman Ali Nazar Majeed Al Amery, 
Published: May 2021

The development of educational tools is a very important target, encourage us to seek methods to improve and increase student education level. In this paper, the method to keep pace with the developments in technology is discussed and investigated in this field. On the other hand, it has compatibility with teaching methods in general, by using hypermedia technology to improve the student education level in preparatory school. This study is on the theoretical approach to specify and design the suggested prototype, ten schools randomly had been chosen in Karbala governorate as a sample within the boundaries spatial of study, select criteria prototype's work, because of it cannot replace the teacher, made a questionnaire for choosing schools which are covered in this work domain in prototype.
Cathepsin-B and Caveolin-1 Gene Expressions inOral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: pakfetrat atessa , delavarian zahra , mohtasham nooshin , mohajertehran farnaz , Samiee Negin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGiven the importance of the role of gene expression in the prognosis and diagnosis of malignancies of the head and neck, we examined in this study the gene expressions of cathepsin-B (Cat-B) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral lichen planus (OLP) and compared them to controls. We also investigated their relationship to clinicopathological indices.MethodsIn this case-control study, 29 biopsy samples from OLP patients were compared to 29 paraffin blocks of OSCC samples as well as 28 paraffin blocks of normal oral tissue. The mean age of OSCC and OLP patients were 59.24 ± 15.04 and 48.79 ± 14.17 years, respectively. Clinical data were analyzed for their relationship to gene expressions using parametric and nonparametric tests.ResultsThe gene expressions of Cat-B and Cav-1 were significantly higher in OSCC and OLP patients compared to controls (p<0.001). The highest expression were found in OSCC, which was significantly different from OLP and controls. There were also significant differences between OLP and control in terms of the gene expression of Cat-B and Cav-1 .There was no association between the gene expression and age, gender, duration of disease, Thongprasom score, smoking and cutaneous lichen planus. However, the expressions were related to the grade and stage of OSCC lesions (p:0.01, p:0.02).ConclusionThe gene expressions of Cat-B and Cav-1 in OSCC were associated with the stage and grade of lesions. Therefore, they appear to be useful in predicting the biological behavior of OSCC and malignant transformation of OLP.