bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of novel oxyfluoride glasses on the systems of LaF3–LaO3/2–NbO5/2 and LaF3–LaO3/2–NbO5/2–AlO3/2
Authors: Chung Jaeyeop , Inoue Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Kohei , Masuno Atsunobu , Watanabe Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOxyfluoride glasses of xLaF3–(60 − x)LaO3/2–40NbO5/2 (x = 0, 5, 10, 35) and xLaF3–(60 − x)LaO3/2–30NbO5/2–10AlO3/2 (x = 0, 10, 20, 30) were prepared using a levitation technique. Both the glass‐transition temperature, Tg, and onset crystallization temperature, Tc, were lowered by substituting a part of the oxygen with fluorine in the glasses. An appropriate amount of fluorine maximized the difference between the temperatures, ΔT (= Tc − Tg), indicating the improvement in the glass‐forming ability. The atomic packing densities of the glasses were approximately 60%, which gradually increased with the fluorine content. The absorption edge of the glasses shifted toward the shorter wavelength region in the ultraviolet spectra and toward the longer region in the infrared spectra by fluorine substitution. In addition, in one of the oxyfluoride glasses, a wide transparency from 307 nm to 9.2 µm was realized. Furthermore, the glass exhibited superior optical properties, with a combination of a high refractive index, nd, of 2.020 and low wavelength dispersion, vd, of 30.1. The effect of fluorine substitution on the nd and its vd was analyzed using the Lorentz–Lorenz dispersion formula.
Parental styles and attitudes of fathers of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: Do parental styles and attitudes impact children’s adaptive behaviour?
Authors: Sabat Camila , Burke Meghan M. , Arango Paulina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is little literature that has explored the paternal role among children with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the study is to characterise parental attitudes and styles of fathers of children with intellectual disabilities, and to analyse their relation to the children's adaptive behaviour.MethodEighty‐three families (fathers and mothers) answered self‐report questionnaires, which assessed parenting styles and attitudes, as well as an adaptive behaviour questionnaire about their children with intellectual disabilities between 4 and 18 years of age.ResultsBoth parents have a tendency towards an authoritative style of parenting. Fathers (versus mothers) perceive greater parental support but are less involved in their children's lives.Among fathers, the authoritative style was a significant contributor to the child's adaptive behaviour, above and beyond the mother's contribution.ConclusionsStudies about parenting should include both mothers and fathers, as paternal parenting styles and attitudes are related to children's adaptive behaviour.
Metformin attenuates synergic effect of diabetes mellitus and Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric cancer cells proliferation by suppressing PTEN expression
Authors: Lu Huibin , Han Xinwei , Ren Jianzhuang , Ren Kewei , Li Zongming , Zhang Quanhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been reported that CagA of Helicobacter pylori reduced PTEN expression by enhancing its promoter methylation. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus (DM) may also promote the methylation status of PTEN, a tumour suppressor gene in gastric cancer (GC). It is intriguing to explore whether DM may strengthen the tumorigenic effect of H pylori (HP) by promoting the methylation of PTEN promoter and whether the administration of metformin may reduce the risk of GC by suppressing the methylation of PTEN promoter. In this study, we enrolled 107 GC patients and grouped them as HP(−)DM(−) group, HP(+)DM(−) group and HP(+)DM(+) group. Bisulphite sequencing PCR evaluated methylation of PTEN promoter. Quantitative real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and MTT assay were performed accordingly. DNA methylation of PTEN promoter was synergistically enhanced in HP(+)DM(+) patients, and the expression of PTEN was suppressed in HP(+)DM(+) patients. Cell apoptosis was decreased in HP(+)DM(+) group. Metformin showed an apparent effect on restoring CagA‐induced elevation of PTEN promoter methylation, thus attenuating the PTEN expression. The reduced PTEN level led to increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HGC‐27 cells. In this study, we collected GC tumour tissues from GC patients with or without DM/HP to compare their PTEN methylation and expression while testing the effect of metformin on the methylation of PTEN promoter. In summary, our study suggested that DM could strengthen the tumorigenic effect of HP by promoting the PTEN promoter methylation, while metformin reduces GC risk by suppressing PTEN promoter methylation.
Exploring non‐host plant‐based management strategy with lemongrass, garlic and guava volatiles for the African citrus triozid
Authors: Antwi‐Agyakwa Akua K. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Pirk Christian W. W. , Mohamed Samira Abuelgasim , Ekesi Sunday , Torto Baldwyn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe African citrus triozid (ACT), Trioza erytreae, is an important pest of citrus. Both nymphs and adults damage the plant by feeding on the sap causing young shoots to die. Trioza erytreae also vectors Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, the bacteria that cause citrus greening disease. Since certain non‐host plants are known to repel insect pests, it is important to investigate how such plants can be exploited to manage T. erytreae. Here, we screened effects of odours of three non‐host plants namely guava (Psidium guajava), garlic (Allium sativum) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) against T. erytreae's location of a common host plant, rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) and showed that repellence varied interspecifically with the plants. Using cage assays, we found that guava and garlic decreased the attraction of females but not males of T. erytreae to rough lemon volatiles. Chemical analysis by coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that volatiles of three of the plants were dominated by terpenoids; guava (69% comprised of limonene, 34%, (E)‐β‐ocimene, 29% and (Z)‐β‐Ocimene, 6%), lemongrass (56% comprised of geranial, 26%, neral, 19% and myrcene, 11%) and rough lemon (74% comprised of limonene, 53%, sabinene, 11% and (E)‐β‐ocimene, 10%). On the other hand, the volatile profile of garlic was dominated by benzenoids and saturated compounds (85% comprised of benzaldehyde, 12%, benzyl alcohol, 17%, nonanal, 31%, decanal, 13% and hexadecane, 12%). Our results suggest that non‐host plant volatile composition and richness in specific compounds may contribute to influencing T. erytreae response to its host, with garlic and guava as potential non‐host plants that can be exploited in the management of the pest.
Observations of growth changes during the embryonic‐larval‐transition of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) under near‐natural conditions
Authors: Franz George P. , Lewerentz Lars , Grunow Bianka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSander lucioperca is an organism of growing importance for the aquaculture industry. Nonetheless, the rearing of S. lucioperca larvae is proving to be a difficult task as it is facing a high mortality rate during hatching and the change to exogenous feeding. To gain insight into growth patterns during this period, the authors analysed pikeperch embryos and larvae from 9 days before hatching to 17 days after hatch. Hereby they were able to describe a natural development by using close to natural conditions based on using a direct flow‐through supply of lake fresh water on specimens from a local wild population. The results show that between the early embryonic stages a steady growth was visible. Nonetheless, in between hatching and the start of exogenous feeding, a phase of growth stagnation took place. In the following larval stages, an increased growth with large size variations between individual specimens appeared. Both factors are conspicuous as they can indicate a starting point for cannibalism. With this analysis, the authors can provide a fundament to support the upcoming research on S. lucioperca and aid to optimize size‐sorting procedures for a higher survival of pikeperch stock in aquaculture.
Spatial pattern of distribution and reproductive strategy of vermiculate electric‐raysNarcine vermiculatus
Authors: Torres‐Huerta Ana María , Cruz‐Martínez Alicia , Ramírez‐Chávez Eduardo Juventino 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the study, the authors evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of vermiculate electric‐rayNarcine vermiculatususing geostatistical techniques to predict its spatial distribution and indicate its reproduction strategy. From January 2008 to December 2009, 3333 specimens of vermiculate electric‐ray were caught. Total length (LT), sex, maturity stage, catch location and depth were recorded for each specimen. TheLTof vermiculate electric‐ray ranged from 6.7–24.6 cm. The authors estimate an irregular spatial structure, with a high‐density patch (53 ind. ha−1) located on the east coast, which concentrates 65.2% of the specimens. The high‐density patch consists mainly of large juveniles (13.3–19.5 cmLT), sub‐adults (14.0–19.8 cmLT) and young adults (14.7–21.3 cmLT). Data indicate that adults migrate to the high‐density patch to reproduce. Males reached maturity at 14.5 cmLT, whereas females reached maturity at 19.3 cmLT. Vitellogenesis in female vermiculate electric‐ray begins in June; ovulation, mating, fertilization and gestation in October and birth begins in February. This indicates an annual cycle with vitellogenesis and consecutive gestation, in females synchronized in reproduction. Fecundity was 1–8 (4), and the sex ratio of embryos was 1:1. The birth occurred between February and April, with an average size at parturition of 6.3 cmLT. Incidental capture of sub‐adults and adults of N. vermiculatus by bottom trawls threatens the survival of this species.
In vitro growth‐inhibitory effect of essential oils and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts from Cinnamomum spp. barks and fruits against food bacterial pathogens in liquid and vapor phase
Authors: Vihanova Katerina , Houdkova Marketa , Promgool Trinop , Urbanova Klara , Kanokmedhakul Somdej , Kokoska Ladislav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFoodborne microbial diseases constitute major health concern and therefore it is necessary to preserve food products to prolong their shelf life and safety. Promising method of food preservation is application of volatile natural agents into modified atmosphere in food packaging. Spices and condiments containing volatile oils could potentially be used. Antimicrobial effect of three essential oils (EOs) and three supercritical carbon dioxide extracts (CO2 extracts) from Cinnamomum barks and fruits was evaluated using broth‐microdilution volatilization method against common foodborne pathogens, namely Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. All samples exhibited significant inhibitory effect with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 256 to 1,024 μg/ml in both liquid and vapor phase. EO from immature fruits of Cinnamomum cassia, known as cassia buds, was the most effective agent against all tested microorganisms with MIC values ranging from 256 to 512 μg/ml in both phases. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, E‐cinnamaldehyde has been detected as the most abundant constituent in all samples. Subsequently, the time series headspace analysis of vapors above the mixture of growth medium and C. cassia fruits EO was performed. Decreasing content of E‐cinnamaldehyde in the headspace was gradually replaced by δ‐cadinene and γ‐muurolene. Proposed mechanism behind this is ability of E‐cinnamaldehyde to pass from the headspace back to the liquid medium. Obtained results suggest that EOs and CO2 extracts from Cinnamomum spp. could be used in food industry as natural food preservatives. In addition, broth‐microdilution volatilization method has been validated for development of food applications.
Clinicians’ perceived barriers and enablers to the dietary management of adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care: A systematic review
Authors: Boocock Ruth C. , Lake Amelia A. , Haste Anna , Moore Helen J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary management of type 2 diabetes is considered as a key remission and management strategy. This review explored clinicians’ perceived barriers and enablers to the dietary management of adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ASSIA were searched from 1980 to 16 June 2020.ResultsOf 2021 records, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, describing the 14 domains of the refined Theoretical Domains Framework. The data synthesised to the domains of environmental context and resources, intentions and beliefs about capabilities were considered most trustworthy, closely followed by knowledge, behavioural regulation and beliefs about consequences. Two‐thirds of studies cited time for staff training or patient education as major constraints to type 2 diabetes management. Clinicians also identified lack of patient engagement and poor dietary adherence as issues. Despite this, clinician confidence about giving dietary advice to patients was high. With further exploration, knowledge gaps were apparent and feelings of despondency as a result of poor outcomes were visible.ConclusionsThis review revealed four clinician behaviours: (2) the perception of the dietitian; (2) the definition of a clinician qualified to give dietary advice; (3) clinician belief in dietary management as a treatment; and (4) clinician belief in a patient's capability to change dietary behaviour. These behaviours, if challenged and changed, have the potential to improve dietary management and outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes in primary care.
How children with autism spectrum disorder perceive themselves: A narrative research
Authors: Yamamoto Mami 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe purpose of this article is, through a dialog between the child and the author, to clarify how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive themselves.MethodsThe qualitative study's participants were nine children with ASD. Their ages were 8–18 years. Data were collected through two sessions of dialog between the child and the author. Data were analyzed through a qualitative inductive approach based on the perspectives of narrative analysis.ResultsThere were eight categories of how the children perceive themselves. The children talked about themselves as follows. The children with ASD wished to share feelings with others, sensitively read between the lines, and talked about the belief to cherish their friends. They were able to anticipate that repetitive behavior or interest in one thing would end someday. And they then made an effort to deal with problematic matters in social life.ConclusionThis article proposes to understand the experience of “increasing alienation” in children with ASD. As a type of support to understand the child, this article proposed a dialog that elicits communication arrangements, specifically a dialog that focuses on forming a profound relationship of being able to share and communicate with each other.
Application of omics technologies in dermatological research and skin management
Authors: He Jianbiao , Jia Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground"Omics" are usually based on the use of high‐throughput analysis methods for global analysis of biological samples and the discovery of biomarkers, and may provide new insights into biological phenomena. Over the last few years, the development of omics technologies has considerably accelerated the pace of dermatological research.AimsThe purpose of this article was to review the development of omics in recent decades and their application in dermatological research.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted on omics technologies since the first research on omics.ResultsThis article summarizes the history and main research methods of the six omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and microbiomics. Their application in certain skin diseases and cosmetics research and development are also summarized.ConclusionsThis information will help to understand the mechanism of some skin diseases and the discovery of potential biomarkers, and provide new insights for skin health management and cosmetics research and development.
Academic failure and its predictors in Baccalaureate nursing students: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bulfone Giampiera , De MARIA Maddalena , Maurici Massimo , Macale Loreana , Sili Alessandro , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the sociodemographic and academic characteristics of nursing students who report academic failure and to identify the determinants of academic failure (no degree on time) in a population of nursing students.BackgroundAlthough prior studies have shown that academic failure is influenced by multiple factors, the studies mentioned have mostly focused on specific single variables associated with academic failure, and they have reported inconsistent results.DesignA prospective follow‐up study design was used in an Italian Baccalaureate Nursing Degree program. A total sample of 2,040 at baseline and a random subsample of 753 students were considered for academic failure determinants. The study followed the recommendations of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology).MethodsWe included in the model academic background, self‐efficacy, sociodemographic variables and self‐efficacy in psychomotor skills and motivation. We used the Academic Nurse Self‐Efficacy Scale (ANSEs), the Nursing Self‐Efficacy in Psychomotor Skill Scale (NSE‐PS) and the Motivation Nursing Students' Scale (MNSS) which have been validated on nursing students. For the assessment of predictors of academic failure, a two‐stage hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsStudents who had academic failure were 69.4% of the sample. Predictors of academic failure were the secondary school certification grade, the university pre‐admission test score; the academic self‐efficacy, self‐efficacy in psychomotor skills and clinical training examination grades were additional predictors.ConclusionsThe secondary school certification grade, the University pre‐admission test score, low academic self‐efficacy, low self‐efficacy in psychomotor skills and low clinical training examination grades were predictors of academic failure in nursing students.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings suggest that the universities could consider a cut‐off in the pre‐admission test score as a critical value for identifying students who are likely to fail. In addition, nursing faculty staff should consider strategies for developing self‐efficacy and motivation.
Nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Özkan Şat Sultan , Akbaş Pınar , Yaman Sözbir Şengül 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundViolence against nurses is a common problem that persists worldwide.DesignThis was a descriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsAn online questionnaire form and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale were used to collect the data. The study was carried out online during the COVID‐19 pandemic between October–December 2020. A total of 263 nurses agreed to participate in the study. The STROBE checklist was followed for observational studies.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, 8.4% of the nurses stated that they were exposed to physical violence, 57.8% to verbal violence, 0.8% to sexual violence and 61.6% to mobbing. 52.1% of the nurses stated that they thought of quitting the profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The mean total Nursing Professional Commitment Scale score was 71.33 ± 15.05.ConclusionsThis study revealed that nurses' exposure to physical, verbal and sexual violence during the COVID‐19 pandemic decreased compared to before the pandemic. Nurses' exposure to mobbing during the pandemic was found to increase. A statistically significant difference was found between the status of the nurses' exposure to physical violence, verbal violence, and mobbing, working hours, number of patients given care, and their thoughts of quitting the profession. It was found that the status of exposure to physical violence, thinking of quitting the profession and working hours decreased professional commitment.Relevance to clinical practiceIn the light of these results, it is recommended that measures to prevent violence should be addressed in a multifaceted way. In managing the pandemic process, the decisions and practices should not be left to the managers' initiative to prevent mobbing. Initiatives that will increase nurses' professional commitment during the pandemic process should be planned and implemented.
Biochemical and physiological changes in maize plants supplied with silicon and infected by Exserohilum turcicum
Authors: Silveira Patricia Ricardino , Aucique‐Pérez Carlos Eduardo , Cruz Maria Fernanda Antunes , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNorthern leaf blight (NLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is one of the most important diseases affecting maize production worldwide. The effect of silicon (Si) on maize resistance against NLB was investigated through an in‐depth analysis of physiological and biochemical changes (measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters, activities of host defence enzymes and those involved in the antioxidative metabolism, and the determination of other metabolites) on plants non‐supplied (−Si) or supplied (+Si) with Si and inoculated with E. turcicum. Higher foliar Si concentration contributed to reducing the foliar NLB symptoms in +Si plants. Both antioxidant (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase) and host defence (chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase) enzymes had their activities greater for +Si plants compared to −Si plants. Lower levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were obtained for +Si plants in contrast to −Si plants. Net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapour, transpiration rate and internal CO2 concentration had their values significantly increased for +Si plants compared to −Si plants from 5 to 20 days after inoculation. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, effective quantum yield of the photosystem, quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation and quantum yield of non‐regulated energy dissipation were less impacted on the leaves of +Si plants compared to −Si plants. The Chl a concentration was kept higher for +Si plants than for −Si plants. Taken together, this study brings biochemical and physiological pieces of evidence that a more robust antioxidative metabolism, great activities of host defence‐related enzymes and the preservation of the photosynthetic machinery were all potentiated by Si contributing, therefore, for less NLB symptoms.