bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The migration trajectory of the Benin Bronzes
Authors: Pugh Cresa L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
“The contributions in this series explore the migration experience using different kinds of “data.” Our contributors use works of art, novels, songs, and movies to explore many of the same questions they generally ask in their social scientific research. What additional insights come from using arts and culture to think through the issues that concern us? What can images and notes reveal that scholarly work cannot? We also invite original stories, poems, photo essays or art works. Ideas for contributions are wholeheartedly invited at any time. Please contact Emanuela Paoletti or Peggy Levitt”.

The migration trajectory of the Benin Bronzes
The colonial looting of objects across Africa, Asia and Latin America and their relocation to Western museums has created an enduring form of cultural and spiritual alienation for the survivors and descendants of imperial violence. Material heritage is not simply reducible to objects from which we derive historical, aesthetic or financial value, but rather have embedded cultural and political meanings that shift over time as their context, ownership and location change. The pieces themselves become embodiments of the values and priorities of those who lay claim to them. As such, attending to their transplantations becomes a practice of critical witness to the shifting of our relations to one another through migration over time. Looking at the migratory trajectories of imperial plunder helps us make sense of the meaning and value that is accrued through various social interactions in which they are embedded, ultimately providing insight into the relationship between the looters and the looted. There is analytical purchase in thinking about looted objects through the framework of migration as it provides a well-established language and lens through which to grapple with the cultural disillusionment and denudation that results when one is cast adrift from its moorings. Writing through the migration of objects thus helps us envision the ways in which people have been progressively alienated from their culture, but also provides an opportunity to think critically and creatively about reunification, restitution and restoration of cultures foregone.
Hubble parameter estimation via dark sirens with the LISA-Taiji network
Authors: Wang Renjie , Ruan Wen-Hong , Yang Qing , Guo Zong-Kuan , Cai Rong-Gen , Hu Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Hubble parameter is one of the central parameters in modern cosmology, and describes the present expansion rate of the universe. The values of the parameter inferred from late-time observations are systematically higher than those inferred from early-time measurements by about $10\%$. To reach a robust conclusion, independent probes with accuracy at percent levels are crucial. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence events can be formulated into the standard siren approach to provide an independent Hubble parameter measurement. The future space-borne gravitational wave observatory network, such as the LISA-Taiji network, will be able to measure the gravitational wave signals in the millihertz bands with unprecedented accuracy. By including several statistical and instrumental noises, we show that, within a five-year operation time, the LISA-Taiji network is able to constrain the Hubble parameter within $1\%$ accuracy, and possibly beats the scatters down to $0.5\%$ or even better.
Lymphatic Dissemination and Axillary Web Syndrome in Primary Cutaneous Tuberculosis Secondary to Needlestick Injury
Authors: Malek Alexandre E , Fife Caroline E , Rasmussen John C , Karni Ron J , Morrow John R , Wanger Audrey , Sevick-Muraca Eva M , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCutaneous tuberculosis secondary to skin inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is uncommon but it can occur in the health care settings. Herein, we report an unusual case of primary cutaneous tuberculosis of the thumb following a needlestick injury. The infection progressed with a necrotic granuloma, lymphatic dysfunction as visualized by near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging, and the development of an axillary web syndrome.
Discovery of new changing-look quasar 3C 332 and constraints for a double-peaked emission line scenario
Authors: Wada Kazuma , Iwamuro Fumihide , Nagoshi Shumpei , Saito Tomoki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, a new class of quasars, called changing-look quasars (CLQs), has been reported. CLQs exhibit significant changes in optical and mid-infrared luminosity, accompanied by the appearance or disappearance of broad emission lines. We performed spectroscopic observations at the Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory in 2018 May to identify objects that show long-term (∼10 yr) continuous optical luminosity variations as candidates for CLQs. We discovered significant fluctuations in the Hβ emission line of 3C 332. This source has previously been reported to have a characteristic double-peaked Hα emission line. To explain the shape of the emission lines, a ring disk model has been proposed, and the possibility of a binary black hole has also been suggested. To further investigate the characteristics of 3C 332, we performed nine spectroscopic observations at Okayama Observatory (Kyoto University) from 2020 February to June. Based on the change in the velocity offset of the emission lines and the negative correlation between the line intensity and the velocity difference between the two peaks, we conclude that the double-peaked origin of this source is consistent with the ring disk model. In addition, the timescale of the changing look (of the optical and mid-infrared luminosities) is consistent with the thermal timescale or the propagation timescale of the heating/cooling front.
Growing Neonatal Advanced Practice Providers via Mentorship Can Fill the Need
Authors: Morris April , Smith Ronna , Fitzgerald Shannon , Bosque Elena 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The need for neonatal advanced practice providers (APPs) has been described. Hospital training programs for neonatal physician assistants (PAs) have been developed by physicians. No publications exist about programs administered by neonatal APPs for both new graduate neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) and neonatal PAs.

Purpose:
The purpose of this work was to mentor, train, and hire neonatal APPs in a program administered by neonatal APPs.

Methods:
We developed a 2-pronged approach to attract PAs and new graduate NNPs. Marketing strategies included receptions, information, and mentorship. A 12-month neonatal PA fellowship program included clinical mentorship and weekly didactics. Case-based presentations were provided by neonatal APPs, neonatologists, and allied professionals. The new graduate NNP program included clinical mentorship and monthly meetings with peer support, lectures, and case presentations. Neonatal APPs were clinical mentors. Team-building activities supported mentorship and collaboration among all care providers.

Findings:
In less than 5 years, 10 PAs and 11 new graduate NNPs have been trained and hired, as well as experienced neonatal APPs hired for this regional neonatology program. For the first time in years, locum tenens neonatal APPs are not required. We have developed a “tool kit” of content, activities, exercises, and evaluations to support successful attainment of expected competencies.

Implication for Research:
Future studies can measure retention, satisfaction, and clinical outcomes.

Implication for Practice:
A successful training program has been implemented to meet the growing demand. We support the values of integrity, collaboration, and equity to facilitate this successful paradigm shift among all neonatal professional team members.
Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee: A Reliability Study
Authors: Hussain Zaamin B. , Mathew Stephen T. , Feroe Aliya G. , Lins Laura A.B. , Miller Patricia , Kocher Mininder S. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Current advanced imaging classification systems for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee grade severity of disease by identifying certain lesion characteristics. The most widely used are the Hefti and Nelson systems. A novel classification presents a simpler 3-group approach to diagnose knee OCD by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), compared with the Hefti (5-group) and Nelson (4-group) classifications. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of this novel classification with that of the more complex, established systems—an initial step in establishing validity and clinical utility.

Methods:
In total, 120 standardized knee MRIs of patients with established knee OCD were preselected to capture the spectrum of lesion types, with regard to both progression and location of the lesion. Each of the MRIs were independently classified by 2 readers into the novel, Hefti, and Nelson classification systems. A random sample was rereviewed by 1 rater 6 weeks after initial review. The inter-rater and intrarater agreements were evaluated by estimating Krippendorff α.

Results:
In total, 106 knees were classified by the novel, Hefti, and Nelson classification systems, as 14 of the knees lacked the necessary MRI sequences. There were no differences in inter-rater and intrarater agreement across classification systems. Krippendorff α for inter-rater agreement was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.66) for the Hefti classification, 0.50 (0.34-0.64) for the Nelson classification, and 0.49 (0.32-0.65) for the novel classification. The intrarater agreement was 0.88 (0.75-0.97) for the Hefti classification, 0.94 (0.86-0.99) for the Nelson classification, and 0.98 (0.94-1.00) for the novel classification system.

Conclusions:
The novel classification for knee OCD demonstrated near-perfect intrarater agreement and moderate inter-rater agreement, consistent with the current, well-established classification systems. Pending a subsequent study on validity and clinical utility, this simpler classification system may offer an alternative, noninvasive diagnostic method to guide clinical treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
“I Couldn't Be Better”: Assessing Self-Awareness With the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 Following TBI
Authors: Fahey Amber M. , Bain Kathleen M. , Critchfield Edan A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction/Objective:
To describe level of awareness, as assessed by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4), across physical, cognitive, functional, and emotional domains in individuals with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) participating in a residential rehabilitation program. In addition, this study aimed to examine the relationship between time since injury and awareness. A novel way the MPAI-4 can be used to measure self-awareness is also presented.

Method:
Retrospective analysis of existing data. The MPAI-4 was completed by the patient on admission, as well as by provider consensus within 2 weeks of admission. Level of awareness was determined by discrepancy scores, computed as MPAI-4 provider consensus score minus self-report MPAI-4 score, for the total score and for each index score: Ability, Adjustment, and Participation.

Participants:
A total of 101 military veterans and active duty service members admitted to a Veterans Affairs community reintegration rehabilitation program.

Results:
Discrepancies between patient and provider reports of functioning were found among all severities of TBI across the MPAI-4 total score and index domains measuring Ability, Adjustment, and Participation. Interestingly, those with mild TBI endorsed greater impairments than their providers, while those with moderate and severe TBI reported less impairment on the MPAI-4 than providers. The effect of time varied across domains, and those who were more than 1 year postinjury displayed greater self-awareness.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance of measuring awareness of functional ability over time and across TBI severity and introduces a novel method for doing so, using the MPAI-4 for comparison between staff and patient reports.
An Examination of Perceived Pressure From Stakeholders on Concussion Reporting Intentions and Behavior in Ice Hockey Athletes
Authors: Weber Rawlins Michelle L. , Wilson Allison , Bay R. Curtis , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
We aimed to assess whether perceived pressure predicts concussion reporting intentions and behavior in youth, high school, and collegiate ice hockey athletes, and, secondarily, whether perceived pressure from stakeholders differed between sex or level of play.

Setting:
Online survey.

Participants:
One hundred fifty-two ice hockey athletes (males: n = 96, 63.2%; females: n = 55, 36.2%; missing: n = 1, 0.7%; age = 14.04 ± 3.6 years).

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Main Measures:
Respondents answered a survey that elicited information about demography, perceived pressure from 6 stakeholders, and concussion reporting intentions and behavior. For the first aim, we used a generalized linear model to determine whether perceived pressure from any stakeholder predicted intention (symptom reporting, concussion reporting, and intention beliefs) or behavior (“all concussions,” “not obvious concussions”; α < .05) while controlling for level of play. To determine whether pressure from any stakeholder predicted symptom reporting behavior, we used logistic regression while controlling for level of play. For the second aim, to examine sex differences in perceived pressure from each stakeholder, we employed Mann-Whitney tests and to examine level of play differences, we used Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results:
Controlling for level of play, a 1-point increase in perceived pressure from parents and athletic administrators decreased concussion reporting intentions by 0.92 (P = .004) and 1.09 (P = .005) points, respectively. Perceived pressure from a sports medicine professional decreased intention beliefs by 0.17 (P = .029) points. Perceived pressure from stakeholders did not predict symptom reporting (P = .440) or “not obvious concussion” reporting (P = .655) behavior. We observed no difference in perceived pressure across stakeholders (all P values >.05); however, collegiate ice hockey respondents perceived greater pressure from coaches than youth or high school athletes (P < .001). We noted no other differences in perceived pressure across levels of play (all P values >.05).

Conclusions:
Concussion reporting intentions were negatively influenced by perceived pressure from parents, athletic administrators, and sports medicine professionals, but these findings did not translate to reporting behavior.
Research Letter: Characterization of Older Adults Hospitalized With Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Kumar Raj G. , Zhang Wenhan , Evans Emily , Dams-O'Connor Kristen , Thomas Kali S. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To describe patient, hospital, and geographic characteristics of older adult Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and admitted to long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs).

Setting:
Acute hospital and LTACH facilities.

Participants:
In total, 15 148 Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older with an acute TBI hospitalization who were discharged to an LTACH.

Design:
This retrospective cohort study used data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Medicare Enrollment and Provider Analysis and Review data files from 2011 to 2016.

Main Measures:
Patient variables (age, sex, premorbid health burden, medical complications and procedures), hospital variables (for-profit status, bed size), and state/regional geographic variation associated with LTACH TBI admission.

Results:
Older adult Medicare beneficiaries admitted to LTACH facilities following TBI hospitalization were on average 77.1 years old and predominantly White males. In total, 94.6% of the sample had 2+ multimorbidities present during acute hospitalization. Average acute hospital length of stay of the sample was 19.4 days, and rates of acute mechanical ventilation of any duration and tracheostomy procedures were 56.6% and 40%, respectively. Only 4.1% of patients seen in LTACHs were discharged home after LTACH stay; the primary discharge disposition was skilled nursing facilities (41.3%). Geographic analyses indicated that selected Southern and Midwestern states had the greatest number of LTACH facilities and proportion of LTACH admissions.

Conclusions:
There has been limited characterization of the hospitalized TBI population admitted to LTACHs. Our findings among older adult Medicare beneficiaries suggest this population is highly medically complex and are seldom discharged home after their LTACH stay. There are also notable geographic variations in LTACH TBI admissions across the United States. More research is warranted to understand long-term functional outcomes among this population.
Improved Eyelid Muscle Tension Balance With Refined Frontalis Muscle Flap Suspension in the Treatment of Severe Ptosis
Authors: Zhu Xiuying , Ma Yingjie , Woo David M. , Lin Yanyan , Chen Ben , Liu Jia , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The tension balance of the upper eyelid following ptosis repair is crucial to a successful postoperative outcome. To improve on existing surgical techniques, the authors developed a new refined frontalis muscle flap suspension (FMFS) for severe ptosis repair and explored the balancing effect between the orbicularis muscle and frontalis muscle following surgery.

Methods:
Forty-three patients (47 eyes) with a mean age of 6.07 ± 2.55 years old were diagnosed with severe congenital ptosis and underwent refined FMFS with complete orbicularis preservation between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 in the Wenzhou Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, China. The outcomes measured include upper eyelid margin reflex distance (MRD1), degree of lagophthalmos, and cosmetic outcome (lash angle, eyelid contour, and crease). Surgical complications were also recorded.

Results:
The preoperative mean MRD1 was −1.29 ± 0.88 mm and preoperative levator function was 1.87 ± 0.82 mm (ranged from 0 to 3.0 mm). Following surgery, lagophthalmos was observed in all cases in the first week with a mean palpebral fissure height of 1.68 ± 0.40 mm and diminished over 3 months. The MRD1 improved to +3.04 ± 0.68 mm at 6 months following surgery. All cases showed excellent cosmetic outcomes. There were no significant complications.

Conclusion:
The refined FMFS is a safe and reliable surgery in treating severe ptosis. The eye-closing power of the intact orbicularis muscle is sufficient at countering the lifting power of the frontalis muscle suspension, achieving a balanced blink mechanism and eyelid closure.
Could Extension Into the Lacrimal Gland and Sac Thwart Topical Chemotherapy for Intraepithelial Sebaceous Carcinoma?
Authors: Gupta Tarang , Vahdani Kaveh , Rose Geoffrey E. , Luthert P. J. , Daniel C. , Verity David H. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To identify the frequency of intraepithelial (Pagetoid) spread beyond the ocular surface—namely beyond conjunctiva and cornea—in patients undergoing orbital exenteration for advanced periocular Sebaceous carcinoma (SC).

Design:
A retrospective, noncomparative observational case series.

Subjects:
Patients undergoing orbital exenteration for biopsy-proven SC, at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 1997 and 2013.

Methods:
Review of clinical records and histological specimens, with particularly reference to involvement of conjunctiva and the extent of Pagetoid infiltration beyond the examinable ocular surface—here termed “hidden” disease.

Main outcome measures:
Histological evidence of intraepithelial SC within the lacrimal sac or lacrimal gland.

Results:
Twenty-nine patients had clinical data and histological specimens adequate for review. Seventeen (59%) did not have a discrete mass (clinically or histologically) and, on clinical examination, were thought to only have extensive intraepithelial carcinoma; foci of microscopic invasion were, however, detected histologically in 11/17 (65%) of these specimens. Moreover, the in situ carcinoma was found to have invaded far in lacrimal gland ductules in 1/17 patients, in the lacrimal sac (in 2 patients; 12%) or in both the gland and sac (in 2 patients); these 5/17 (29%) cases all showed extensive poorly differentiated intraepithelial SC. Of the 12 other patients who had both Pagetoid spread and a clinically evident nodule, 3 had histological evidence of “hidden” disease.

Conclusion:
Although—due to their being operated in the era prior to the accepted usage of topical therapy for this condition—some of these exenterations might have had particularly advanced in situ SC, over a quarter of patients with periocular SC warranting orbital exenteration show “hidden” intraepithelial tumor within the lacrimal gland and sac. This important finding might significantly reduce the efficacy (particularly in the lacrimal gland) of the various topical therapies used for in situ SC of the ocular surface, and it also emphasizes the importance of excising both the lacrimal gland and sac in all orbital exenterations for this particular tumor.
Clinical Outcomes of IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease and Idiopathic Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation
Authors: Son Ki Young , Woo Kyung In , Kim Yoon-Duck 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To compare the clinical features, treatment outcomes, and prognoses of immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation (ISOI).

Methods:
This retrospective case series included 40 and 22 biopsy-proven cases of IgG4-ROD and ISOI, respectively. The authors reviewed medical charts and images to determine the clinical presentation, involvement pattern, and treatment outcomes. The main outcome measures were differences in disease manifestation, treatment modalities and efficacy, medication-free remission rate, and predictive factors for remission.

Results:
The median ages were 51 (range 31–72) and 39 (range 9–73) years in the IgG4-ROD and ISOI groups, respectively. The most frequently involved sites were the lacrimal gland (39 cases, 98%) in IgG4-ROD patients and the extraconal region (15 cases, 68%) in ISOI patients. No significant difference was observed in the initial treatment response between the groups. Medication-free remission was achieved in 22 (55%) IgG4-ROD patients and 10 (45%) ISOI patients; none of the IgG4-ROD patients showed permanent ocular dysfunction, while half of the ISOI patients had permanent visual loss or limited ocular motilities. Multivariate analysis indicated that extraocular muscle enlargement (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.98) and IgG4:IgG ratio on histopathology (odds ratio, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.86) were negatively associated with medication-free remission in IgG4-ROD patients.

Conclusions:
Although IgG4-ROD and ISOI share common histological findings of mass-forming sclerosis, IgG4-ROD frequently has a more indolent clinical course, whereas ISOI often demonstrates a more aggressive clinical course, resulting in ocular dysfunction even after remission. Different pathogeneses may account for the different disease characteristics.