bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsaturated fatty acids augment protein transport via the SecA:SecYEG translocon
Authors: Kamel Michael , Löwe Maryna , Schott‐Verdugo Stephan , Gohlke Holger , Kedrov Alexej 
Published: July 2021

The translocon SecYEG and the associated ATPase SecA form the primary protein secretion system in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. The secretion is essentially dependent on the surrounding lipids, but the mechanistic understanding of their role in SecA : SecYEG activity is sparse. Here, we reveal that the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) of the membrane phospholipids, including tetraoleoyl‐cardiolipin, stimulate SecA : SecYEG‐mediated protein translocation up to ten‐fold. Biophysical analysis and molecular dynamics simulations show that UFAs increase the area per lipid and cause loose packing of lipid head groups, where the N‐terminal amphipathic helix of SecA docks. While UFAs do not affect the translocon folding, they promote SecA binding to the membrane, and the effect is enhanced up to fivefold at elevated ionic strength. Tight SecA : lipid interactions convert into the augmented translocation. Our results identify the fatty acid structure as a notable factor in SecA : SecYEG activity, which may be crucial for protein secretion in bacteria, which actively change their membrane composition in response to their habitat.
Ecological and biogeographic processes drive the proteome evolution of snake venom
Authors: Siqueira‐Silva Tuany , de Lima Luiz Antônio Gonzaga , Chaves‐Silveira Jônatas , Amado Talita Ferreira , Naipauer Julian , Riul Pablo , Martinez Pablo Ariel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe emergence of venom is an evolutionary innovation that favoured the diversification and survival of snakes. The composition of snake venoms is known in detail from venom gland proteomic data. However, there is still a gap of knowledge about the forces that lead to the expression of different toxins in different proportions in the venom cocktail across space and time.LocationWorld.Time periodModern.Major taxa studiedElapidae and Viperidae.MethodsWe integrated proteomic data with phylogenetic comparative methods to understand how ecological and biogeographic processes drive the evolution of snake venom.ResultsWe observed that more productive environments favour a more complex venom, with more toxins in similar proportions. We found that taxa that live on islands, where there is lower variability of resources, tended to present less complex venom dominated by few toxins. In such cases, the extent of an island's isolation seems to be a relevant factor for faster fixation of specific venom compositions.Main conclusionWe show that ecological and biogeographic processes, which can act differentially over time and space, affect the gene expression of toxins in snake venoms.
Acting out or playing along: A typology of citizens' low trust responses to public organizations
Authors: Peeters Rik , Dussauge Laguna Mauricio I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWorking under the assumption that societal pockets of low trust in government are likely to proliferate, this introduction to the special issue on “governance in low‐trust settings” integrates insights from the Global South and Global North to analyze how citizens respond to formal rules and service arrangements of public organizations they perceive as untrustworthy. We develop a typology of low trust responses—submission, avoidance, gaming, and resistance—as a counterpart to the well‐established exit‐voice‐loyalty‐neglect framework. We argue that these responses follow from institutional incentives and most likely emerge where people feel the system is not fair or feel like their back is against the wall, and they have the resources to game or resist the system. This article seeks to advance theorizing on governance in low‐trust contexts and enable a better understanding of citizen responses that are inconsistent with the governance mechanisms and service provision in high trust contexts.
The evolution patterns of tourism integration driven by regional tourism‐economic linkages—Taking Poyang Lake region, China, as an example
Authors: Hou Li‐chun , Wu Lian‐xia , Ju Sheng‐li , Zhang Zhi‐rong , Zhu Yin‐jian , Lai Zheng‐qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTourism integration is a trend in regional tourism economic development and cultural integration. Tourism economic linkages greatly influence regional tourism integration, becoming progressively obvious with the strength of linkages. However, their influence on regions with rich tourism resources and underdeveloped economies are understudied. This article takes the national tourism resources above 3A level in the Poyang Lake region, Jiangxi Province, as the research object, analysing the evolution of regional tourism economic linkages and the development process of tourism integration in the past 17 years by constructing a new gravity model of regional tourism economic linkages and research methods of transportation network accessibility. The results show that the evolution of regional tourism economic linkages and the accessibility of transportation networks significantly impact regional tourism economies and tourism integration evolution. The evolution process of regional tourism development had different stage models; four theoretical models of regional tourism integration evolution were extracted: point‐core model, point‐axis corridor model, multi‐centre ring‐axis model, and network integration model. The construction of the new regional tourism economic linkages model and the proposal of the evolutionary model for tourism integration provide references for study and for formulating the sustainable development of regional tourism integration locally and abroad.
On the synchronization of the business cycles of Mexican states and its relationship to their economic complexity, 2000–2014
Authors: Gómez‐Zaldívar Manuel , Llanos‐Guerrero Alejandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a recent study, Mejía‐Reyes, Díaz‐Carreño, and Aroca analyzed the synchronization of the business cycles of the states of Mexico. Using an extended gravitational model, they propose and test a set of variables to explain the co‐movement of those cycles. Following on from their work, this paper proposes that one variable in particular, economic complexity, not only explains the synchronization of the business cycles of Mexican states but, in fact, also does a better job at explaining it on its own than the entire set of seven variables proposed by Mejía‐Reyes et al. (2019). The paper provides a more parsimonious specification to explain the co‐movement of the states’ business cycles by using a single variable that contains information on their relative productive structures.
Rao–Blackwellisation in the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Era
Authors: Robert Christian P. , Roberts Gareth 
Published: July 2021

SummaryRao–Blackwellisation is a notion often occurring in the MCMC literature, with possibly different meanings and connections with the original Rao–Blackwell theorem as established by C.R. Rao in 1945 and D. Blackwell in 1947, including a reduction of the variance of the resulting Monte Carlo approximations. This survey reviews some of the meanings of the term.
Characteristics of macroreentrant atrial tachycardias using an anatomical bypass: Pseudo‐focal atrial tachycardia case series
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Nakashima Takashi , Duchateau Josselin , Vlachos Konstantinos , Krisai Philipp , Takagi Takamitsu , Kamakura Tsukasa , André Clémentine , Goujeau Cyril , Daniel Ramirez F. , Chauvel Remi , Tixier Romain , Takigawa Masateru , Kitamura Takeshi , Cheniti Ghassen , Denis Arnaud , Sacher Frédéric , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre , Derval Nicolas , Pambrun Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHuman atria comprise distinct layers. One layer can bypass another, and lead to a downstream centrifugal propagation at their interface. We sought to characterize anatomical substrates, electrophysiological properties, and ablation outcomes of "pseudo‐focal" atrial tachycardias (ATs), defined as macroreentrant ATs mimicking focal ATs.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively analyzed left atrial ATs showing centrifugal propagation with postpacing intervals (PPIs) after entrainment pacing suggestive of a macroreentrant mechanism. A total of 22 patients had pseudo‐focal ATs consisting of 15 perimitral and 7 roof‐dependent flutters. A low‐voltage area was consistently found at the collision site and colocalized with distinct anatomical structures like the: (1) coronary sinus‐great cardiac vein bundle (27%), (2) vein of Marshall bundle (18%), (3) Bachmann bundle (27%), (4) septopulmonary bundle (18%), and (5) fossa ovalis (9%). The mean missing tachycardia cycle length (TCL) was 65 ± 31 ms (22%) on the endocardial activation map. PPI was 0 [0–15] ms and 0 [0–21] ms longer than TCL at the breakthrough site and the opposite site, respectively. While feasible in 21 pseudo‐focal ATs (95%), termination was better achieved by blocking the anatomical isthmus than ablating the breakthrough site [20/21 (95%) vs. 1/5 (20%); p < .001].ConclusionPerimitral and roof‐dependent flutters with centrifugal propagation are favored by a low‐voltage area located at well‐identified anatomical structures. Comprehensive entrainment pacing maneuvers are crucial to distinguish pseudo‐focal ATs from true focal ATs. Blocking the anatomical isthmus is a better therapeutic option than ablating the breakthrough site.
Interventional occlusion of left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation. Gender‐related outcomes in the German LAARGE Registry
Authors: Kleinecke Caroline , Lewalter Thorsten , Sievert Horst , Geist Volker , Zeymer Uwe , Mudra Harald , Pleger Sven , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Brachmann Johannes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionGender‐based differences in atrial fibrillation have been identified, but limited data exist for patients undergoing left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) implantation. This study reports gender‐related periprocedural and 1‐year outcomes of the prospective, multicenter German left atrial appendage occlusion registry (LAARGE).MethodsLAARGE enrolled 641 patients who were scheduled for LAAO implantation from July 2014 to January 2016 in 38 hospitals in Germany. The data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, details of implantation, and outcome. Efficacy and safety at 1‐year follow‐up were assessed by the occurrence of thrombembolic and bleeding events, as well as mortality.ResultsOf 638 patients undergoing LAAO implantation 38.9% were female and 61.1% male. Females were older (76.4 ± 8.2 [females] vs. 75.6 ± 7.7 [males], p = .042) and had a higher stroke risk (CHA2DS2‐VASc score: 4.9 ± 1.5 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5, p < .001). In contrast, males suffered more often from coronary artery (33.1% vs. 53.8%, p < .001) and vascular disease (18.5% vs. 31.0%, p < .001). Technical success was high and similar for both genders (98.4% vs. 97.2%, p = .33). Severe periprocedural complications (6.9% vs. 3.1%, p = .032) occurred more often in females. At 1‐year follow‐up the rates of all‐cause stroke (0.5% vs. 1.3%, p = .65) and severe bleeding (0.0% and 1.0%, p = .29) were low and comparable between the genders. Also, one‐year all‐cause mortality (9.2% vs. 13.1%, p = .14) did not differ significantly.ConclusionLAARGE documented in this elderly patient population undergoing LAAO implantation a higher rate of severe periprocedural complications in females. At 1‐year follow‐up similar efficacy and safety outcomes were observed for both genders.
The role of expertise in syndicate formation
Authors: Bourjade Sylvain 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn most initial public offerings around the world, an underwriter selects syndicate members and uses their information to set the offering price. The objective of this paper is to develop a model of the “book building” process in which the formation of the syndicate is an endogenous decision variable. I analyze when it may benefit the lead underwriter to select syndicate members with different expertise and to acquire all available information about the value of the shares. I show that the underwriter faces a tradeoff between the cost of extracting information and valuation accuracy. Specifically, when the issuer is a low‐risk firm, the costs of acquiring information are higher than the benefits in terms of price accuracy and forming a specialized syndicate is optimal. However, when retail investors' participation is high enough and when the issuer is a high‐risk and transparent firm, the lead underwriter' optimal strategy is to form a diversified syndicate.
Getting old: an endangered seahorse (Hippocampus whitei) lives for up to 7 years in the wild
Authors: Harasti David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA long‐term monitoring programme from 2005 to 2021 has allowed the assessment of age and longevity in an endangered seahorse Hippocampus whitei in the wild. Seahorses were marked using visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIFE) which allows for individual identification. The longest period from marking to last sighting was 6 years 8 months and 17 days for a female. Using a von Bertalanffy growth function model for the species, this individual would have been approximately 7 years 7 months old on last sighting. These observations suggest that seahorses in the wild can live for over 7 years and demonstrate the benefits of using VIFE in long‐term movement, population abundance and life‐history studies of seahorses.
Using hybrid atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) to identify chemical components of the hair medulla on the nanoscale
Authors: Fellows Alexander P. , Casford Mike T. L. , Davies Paul B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtomic force microscopy integrated with infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) has been used to topographically and chemically examine the medulla of human hair fibres with nanometre scale lateral resolution. The mapping of cross‐sections of the medulla showed two distinct structural components which were subsequently characterised spectroscopically. One of these components was shown to be closely similar to cortical cell species, consistent with the fibrillar structures found in previous electron microscope (EM) investigations. The other component showed large chemical differences from cortical cells and was assigned to globular vacuole species, also confirming EM observations. Further characterisation of the two components was achieved through spectral deconvolution of the protein Amide‐I and ‐II bands. This showed that the vacuoles have a greater proportion of the most thermodynamically stable conformation, namely the antiparallel β‐sheet structures. This chimes with the observed lower cysteine concentration, indicating a lower proportion of restrictive disulphide cross‐link bonding. Furthermore, the large α‐helix presence within the vacuoles points to a loss of matrix‐like material as well as significant intermolecular stabilisation of the protein structures. By analysing the carbonyl stretching region, it was established that the fibrillar, cortical cell‐like components showed considerable stabilisation from H‐bonding interactions, similar to the cortex, involving amino acid side chains whereas, in contrast, the vacuoles were found to only be stabilised significantly by structural lipids.
Bolide fragment detection in Doppler weather radar data using artificial intelligence/machine learning
Authors: Smeresky Brendon , Abell Paul , Fries Marc , Hankey Mike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnsupervised machine learning methods present a promising approach for detecting fragments produced from meteors and bolides as distinct signatures within Doppler weather radar data. A method combining principal component analysis (PCA), t‐distributed statistical neighbor embedding (t‐SNE), and data point pruning based on the nearest neighbor algorithm is introduced as a process to detect outlier meteor signatures from terrestrial weather signatures using the national NOAA WSR‐88D Doppler radar network. This method is applied against unlabeled data from four weather radar sites during two bolide events: the KFWS radar for the Ash Creek bolide and the KDAX, KRGX, and KBBX radars for the Sutter’s Mill bolide. The combined algorithm results in an accuracy rate of 99.7% and can classify the data in <8 min for a 121,000 return sized data set. However, the classifier’s recall and precision rates remained low due to difficulties in correctly classifying true‐positive meteorite fall events. This method enables the expedited detection of materials from bolides and meteors that fall within the national radar network, leading to the faster confirmation of meteorite fall events and subsequent dispatch of recovery teams.
N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin knock‐in mice display mild motor and cardiac abnormalities and BPTF and KLHL11 dysregulation in brain tissue
Authors: Clemen Christoph S. , Schmidt Andreas , Winter Lilli , Canneva Fabio , Wittig Ilka , Becker Lore , Coras Roland , Berwanger Carolin ,   The German Mouse Clinic Consortium, Hofmann Andreas , Eggers Britta , Marcus Katrin , Gailus‐Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Krüger Marcus , von Hörsten Stephan , Eichinger Ludwig , Schröder Rolf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsWe investigated N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin (Washc5) knock‐in andWashc5knock‐out mice as models for hereditary spastic paraplegia type 8 (SPG8).MethodsWe generated heterozygous and homozygous N471DWashc5knock‐in mice and subjected them to a comprehensive clinical, morphological and laboratory parameter screen, and gait analyses. Brain tissue was used for proteomic analysis. Furthermore, we generated heterozygousWashc5knock‐out mice. WASH complex subunit strumpellin expression was determined by qPCR and immunoblotting.ResultsHomozygous N471DWashc5knock‐in mice showed mild dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased acoustic startle reactivity, thinner eye lenses, increased alkaline phosphatase and potassium levels and increased white blood cell counts. Gait analyses revealed multiple aberrations indicative of locomotor instability. Similarly, the clinical chemistry, haematology and gait parameters of heterozygous mice also deviated from the values expected for healthy animals, albeit to a lesser extent. Proteomic analysis of brain tissue depicted consistent upregulation of BPTF and downregulation of KLHL11 in heterozygous and homozygous knock‐in mice. WASHC5‐related protein interaction partners and complexes showed no change in abundancies. HeterozygousWashc5knock‐out mice showing normal WASHC5 levels could not be bred to homozygosity.ConclusionsWhile biallelic ablation ofWashc5was prenatally lethal, expression of N471D mutated WASHC5 led to several mild clinical and laboratory parameter abnormalities, but not to a typical SPG8 phenotype. The consistent upregulation of BPTF and downregulation of KLHL11 suggest mechanistic links between the expression of N471D mutated WASHC5 and the roles of both proteins in neurodegeneration and protein quality control, respectively.
Racism, healthcare access and health equity for people seeking asylum
Authors: Willey Suzanne , Desmyth Kath , Truong Mandy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeople seeking asylum are at risk of receiving poorer quality healthcare due, in part, to racist and discriminatory attitudes, behaviours and policies in the health system. Despite fleeing war and conflict; exposure to torture and traumatic events and living with uncertainty; people seeking asylum are at high‐risk of experiencing long‐term poor physical and mental health outcomes in their host country. This article aims to raise awareness and bring attention to some common issues people seeking asylum face when seeking healthcare in high‐income countries where the health system is dominated by a Western biomedical view of health. Clinical case scenarios are used to highlight instances of racist healthcare policies and practices that create and maintain ongoing health disparities; limited access to culturally and linguistically appropriate health services, and lack of trauma‐informed approaches to care. Nurses and midwives can play an important role in countering racism in healthcare settings; by identifying and calling out discriminatory practice and modelling tolerance, respect and empathy in daily practice. We present recommendations for individuals, organisations and governments that can inform changes to policies and practices that will reduce racism and improve health equity for people seeking asylum.
Field microenvironments regulate crop diel transcript and metabolite rhythms
Authors: Dantas Luíza Lane Barros , Dourado Maíra Marins , de Lima Natalia Oliveira , Cavaçana Natale , Nishiyama Milton Yutaka , Souza Glaucia Mendes , Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio , Caldana Camila , Hotta Carlos Takeshi 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Most research in plant chronobiology has been done in laboratory conditions. However, laboratories usually fail to mimic natural conditions and their slight fluctuations, highlighting or obfuscating rhythmicity. High‐density crops, such as sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid), generate field microenvironments with specific light and temperature regimes resulting from mutual shading.

We measured the metabolic and transcriptional rhythms in the leaves of 4‐month‐old (4 mo) and 9 mo field‐grown sugarcane. Most of the assayed rhythms in 9 mo sugarcane peaked >1 h later than in 4 mo sugarcane, including rhythms of the circadian clock gene, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY).

We hypothesized that older sugarcane perceives dawn later than younger sugarcane as a consequence of self‐shading. As a test, we measured LHY rhythms in plants on the east and the west sides of a field. We also tested if a wooden wall built between lines of sugarcane plants changed their rhythms. The LHY peak was delayed in the plants in the west of the field or beyond the wall; both shaded at dawn.

We conclude that plants in the same field may have different phases resulting from field microenvironments, impacting important agronomical traits, such as flowering time, stalk weight and number.
Trends and variability in polar sea ice, global atmospheric circulations, and baroclinicity
Authors: Simmonds Ian , Li Muyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyze the polar sea ice distribution and the global sea level pressure (SLP) and baroclinicity distributions over the “satellite” period of 1979–2020. In the Arctic, there are statistically significant sea ice extent (SIE) decreases in all calendar months, and the annual mean has lost 2.22 million km2 over the four decades. The Antarctic SIE, in marked contrast, increased up to 2014, then commenced a remarkable retreat (the annual mean ice extent decreased by 2.03 million km2 in the 3 years to 2017), and subsequently increased to near its long‐term average value in 2020. The shifts in seasonal‐mean SLP patterns are consistent with a warming planet. At the synoptic scale, we diagnose the changes in the baroclinicity, the mechanism by which cyclones, fronts, and other weather systems are generated. Through a novel presentation, we give an overview of the relative roles of changes in the vertical shear and static stability in influencing the global trends in baroclinicity. In both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, baroclinicity is shown to have increased in each season (with the sole exception of the Arctic in summer). This increase, coupled with midlatitude decreases in baroclinicity, results in poleward shifts of the storm tracks.