bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The socket shield technique for immediate implant placement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Shah Maanas , Abdulkareem Mohammed , AlQahtani Haif A. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmediate implant placement with socket shield technique (SST) may maintain the buccal bone plate and soft tissue levels, however, the potential clinical benefits of SST lack strong scientific evidence. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effects of SST on dimensional changes of hard tissues, esthetic outcomes, implant stability, complication, and implant failure rates.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared immediate implant placement with and without SST. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. Data were analyzed using a statistical software program.ResultsA total of 982 studies were identified, of which, seven RCTs with 206 immediately placed dental implants in 191 participants were included. Overall meta‐analysis showed significant differences in the changes in buccal bone plate width (mean difference (MD) –0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.30 to −0.15; p < 0.0001) and height (MD –0.52; 95% CI ‐0.85 to −0.18; p = 0.002) in favor of SST. The use of SST was also associated with significantly less changes in peri‐implant marginal bone levels and better pink esthetic score than immediately placing implants without SST. The differences in implant stability, complication and implant failure rates were not statistically significant between immediate implant placement with or without SST.ConclusionsThe short‐term complication and implant failure rates following immediate implant placement with or without SST were comparable. The SST has short‐term positive effects on the changes in width and height of buccal bone plate, peri‐implant marginal bone levels and esthetic outcomes. Further evidence from long‐term RCTs are still required to substantiate the current findings.Clinical SignificanceSST can reduce changes in buccal plate width and height and improve the soft tissue profile following immediate implant placement in esthetic zone.
Walking speed declines with age in male and female baboons (Papio sp.): Confirmation of findings with sex as a biological variable
Authors: Huber Hillary F. , Gerow Kenneth G. , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe measured walking speed in baboons (67 female, 36 male; 5–22 years) to develop regression formulas to predict biological age. The final model strongly predicted age from just speed and sex. Walking speed is a valuable baboon aging biomarker. We present the first male speed data in a nonhuman primate.
“Time is our worst enemy:” Lived experiences and intercultural relations in the making of green aluminum
Authors: Normann Susanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change's burden is double for many Indigenous communities: while changing weather‐patterns threaten their ways of life, greenlabeled extractive industries take hold in their territories. This article advances decolonial psychology's engagement with climate change mitigation as a form of green colonization through a multi‐site study of lived experiences among Indigenous and Tribal communities affected by the production of “green aluminum.” The study follows aluminum's value and supply chains interconnecting the indigenous Southern Saami people's struggle to defend their reindeer pasturing lands to the booming wind power industry in Norway and the Brazilian Amazon communities’ confrontations with bauxite‐mining and alumina refineries. Data material consists of individual interviews (N = 25), 13 group interviews and participatory observation. Despite sociocultural differences, participants narrated lived experiences of loss of lifeworlds and meaning‐systems resulting from wind power and aluminum production, and harmful experiences with companies and bureaucracy thematized as forms of “bad faith.” They discussed different mechanisms of violence and dehumanization in hegemonic green agendas. By highlighting how Green New Deal (GND) proposals in Norway forward aluminum‐smelting as exemplar of just transition and green inclusion, the study's findings suggest that for proliferating GND's to be inclusive and just, their scope must be international and decolonial.
The toolkit of a hunter – functional morphology of larval mouthparts in a dragonfly
Authors: Büsse S. , Tröger H.‐L. , Gorb S. N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe diversity of mouthpart specializations in insects is staggering. As a direct consequence thereof, the knowledge about the mouthpart geometry, muscle attachment and feeding kinematics is incomplete for the vast majority of insect taxa – as it is for dragonflies. The adult dragonflies catch their prey in flight, while the aquatic larvae prey under water – both life stages being key predators in their biotopes. To gain insights into the functional morphology of the biting‐chewing mouthparts of larval Anax imperator, we combined results from micro computed tomography (µCT), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and high‐speed videography. Anax imperator larvae were filmed during the feeding process to describe the movement and coordination of the mouthparts. These results, together with µCT‐data, allowing for a comprehensive visualization of the 3D‐geometry and corresponding musculature of each mouthpart. The material composition of the cuticle strongly influences the strength, mobility and durability of the cuticular components of the mouthparts. With this paper, we elucidate the anatomy, geometry and material composition of A. imperator's larval mouthparts in the light of the feeding process. Furthermore, we try to lay a foundation for functional morphological comparisons of mouthparts (1) between dragonfly species belonging to different eco‐types according to their food preferences and feeding habits or even (2) between different insect groups.
Lake microbial communities are not resistant or resilient to repeated large‐scale natural pulse disturbances
Authors: Brasell Katie A. , Howarth Jamie , Pearman John K. , Fitzsimons Sean J. , Zaiko Anastasija , Pochon Xavier , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Simon Kevin S. , Wood Susanna A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpportunities to study community‐level responses to extreme natural pulse disturbances in unaltered ecosystems are rare. Lake sediment records that span thousands of years can contain well‐resolved sediment pulses, triggered by earthquakes. These palaeorecords provide a means to study repeated pulse disturbances and processes of resistance (insensitivity to disturbance) and ecological resilience (capacity to regain structure, function and process). In this study, sedimentary DNA was extracted from a sediment core from Lake Paringa (New Zealand) that is situated in a near natural catchment. Metabarcoding and inferred functions were used to assess the lake microbial community over the past 1100 years – a period that included four major earthquakes. Microbial community composition and function differed significantly between highly perturbed (postseismic, ~50 years) phases directly after the earthquakes and more stable (interseismic, ~250 years) phases, indicating a lack of community resistance. Although community structure differed significantly in successive postseismic phases, function did not, suggesting potential functional redundancy. Significant differences in composition and function in successive interseismic phases demonstrate that communities are not resilient to large‐scale natural pulse disturbances. The clear difference in structure and function, and high number of indicator taxa (responsible for driving differences in communities between phases) in the fourth interseismic phase probably represents a regime shift, possibly due to the two‐fold increase in sediment and terrestrial biospheric organic carbon fluxes recorded following the fourth earthquake. Large pulse disturbances that enhance sediment inputs into lake systems may produce an underappreciated mechanism that destabilises lake ecosystem processes.
Diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis
Authors: De Lima Jose J. G. , Macedo Thiago A. , Gowdak Luis Henrique W. , David‐Neto Elias , Bortolotto Luiz A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are prevalent in CKD, but their prognostic relevance is debatable.We intent to verify whether LVDD and LVSD are independently predictive of all‐cause mortality and if they have comparable or different effects on outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of the echocardiographic data of 1285 haemodialysis patients followed up until death or transplantation. LVDD was classified into 4 grades of severity. Endpoint was all‐cause mortality.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of 30 months, 419/1285 (33%) patients died, 224 (53%) due to CV events. LVDD occurred in 75% of patients, grade 1 DD was the prevalent diastolic abnormality, and pseudonormal pattern was the predominant form of moderate–severe DD. Moderate–severe LVDD (HR 1.379, CI% 1.074–1.770) and LVSD (HR 1.814, CI% 1.265–2.576) independently predicted death; a graded, progressive association was found between LVDD categories and the risk of death; and the impact of isolated severe–moderate LVDD on the risk of death was comparable to that exercised by isolated compromised LV systolic function.ConclusionModerate–severe LVDD and LVSD were independently associated with a higher probability of death and had a similar impact on survival. A progressive association was observed between LVDD grades and mortality.
Neurotensin secretion after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty
Authors: Svane Maria S. , Øhrstrøm Caroline C. , Plamboeck Astrid , Jørgensen Nils B. , Bojsen‐Møller Kirstine N. , Dirksen Carsten , Martinussen Christoffer , Vilsbøll Tina , Hartmann Bolette , Deacon Carolyn F. , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Knop Filip K. , Svendsen Lars B. , Madsbad Sten , Holst Jens J. , Veedfald Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeurotensin (NT) is released from enteroendocrine cells and lowers food intake in rodents. We evaluated postprandial NT secretion in humans after surgeries associated with accelerated small intestinal nutrient delivery, and after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) when glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) signalling and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) were inhibited, and during pharmacological treatments influencing entero‐pancreatic functions.MethodsWe measured NT concentrations in plasma from meal studies: (I) after truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (TVP), cardia resection +TVP (CTVP), and matched controls (n = 10); (II) after RYGB, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and in matched controls (n = 12); (III) after RYGB (n = 11) with antagonism of GLP‐1 signalling using exendin(9–39) and DPP‐4 inhibition using sitagliptin; (IV) after RYGB (n = 11) during a run‐in period and subsequent treatment with, sitagliptin, liraglutide (GLP‐1 receptor agonist), verapamil (calcium antagonist), acarbose (alpha glucosidase inhibitor), and pasireotide (somatostatin analogue), respectively.Results(I) NT secretion was similar after TVP/CTVP (p = 0.9), but increased vs. controls (p < 0.0001). (II) NT secretion was increased after RYGB vs. SG and controls (p < 0.0001). NT responses were similar in SG and controls (p = 0.3), but early postprandial NT concentrations were higher after SG (p < 0.05). (III) Exendin (9–39) and sitagliptin did not change NT responses vs placebo (p > 0.2), but responses were lower during sitagliptin vs. exendin(9–39) (p = 0.03). (IV) Pasireotide suppressed NT secretion (p = 0.004). Sitagliptin tended to lower NT secretion (p = 0.08). Liraglutide, verapamil, and acarbose had no effect (p > 0.9).ConclusionNeurotensin secretion is increased after surgeries associated with accelerated gastric emptying and lowered by pasireotide.
Propagation patterns of jejunal motor activity measured by high‐resolution water‐perfused manometry
Authors: Alcala‐Gonzalez Luis Gerardo , Malagelada Carolina , Galan Carmen , Nieto Adoracion , Accarino Anna , Azpiroz Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe manometric diagnosis of severe intestinal dysmotility is performed at most institutions using catheters with 2–8 sensors 5–10 cm apart. The recent application of high‐resolution manometry catheters with closely spaced sensors to other gut segments has been highly successful. The objective of the present study was to determine the feasibility of a jejunal high‐resolution manometry method and to carry out a descriptive analysis of normal jejunal motor function.MethodsA 36‐channel high‐resolution water‐perfused manometry catheter (MMS‐Laborie, Enschede, The Netherlands) was orally placed in the jejunum of 18 healthy subjects (10 men, eight women; 21–38 age range). Intestinal motility was recorded during 5 h, 3 during fasting, and 2 after a 450 kcal solid‐liquid meal. Analysis of motility patterns was supported by computerized tools.Key ResultsAll healthy subjects except one showed at least one complete migrating motor complex during the 3 h fasting period. Phase III activity lasted 5 ± 1 min and migrated aborally at a velocity of 7 ± 3 cm/min. High‐resolution spatial analysis showed that during phase III each individual contraction propagated rapidly (75 ± 37 cm/min) over a 32 ± 10 cm segment of the jejunum. During phase II, most contractile activity corresponded to propagated contractile events which increased in frequency from early to late phase II (0.5 ± 0.9 vs 2.5 ± 1.3 events/10 min, respectively; p < 0.001). After meal ingestion, non‐propagated activity increased, whereas propagated events were less frequent than during late phase II.Conclusions & InferencesJejunal motility analysis with high‐resolution manometry identifies propagated contractile patterns which are not apparent with conventional manometric catheters.
Childhood overweight and obesity in Europe: Changes from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Buoncristiano Marta , Spinelli Angela , Williams Julianne , Nardone Paola , Rito Ana Isabel , García‐Solano Marta , Grøholt Else Karin , Gutiérrez‐González Enrique , Klepp Knut Inge , Starc Gregor , Petrauskienė Aušra , Kunešová Marie , Hassapidou Maria , Pérez‐Farinós Napoleón , Pudule Iveta , Kelleher Cecily C. , Duleva Vesselka , Rakovac Ivo , Chatterjee Saion , Breda João 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) routinely measures height and weight of primary school children aged 6–9 years and calculates overweight and obesity prevalence within the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region using a standard methodology. This study examines the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity from the first round of COSI carried out in 2007/2008 to the latest of 2015/2017 in 11 European countries in which data were collected for at least three rounds. In total 303,155 children were measured. In general, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys and girls decreased in countries with high prevalence (Southern Europe) and remained stable or slightly increased in Northern European and Eastern European countries included in the analysis. Among boys, the highest decrease in overweight (including obesity) was observed in Portugal (from 40.5% in 2007/2008 to 28.4 in 2015/2017) and in Greece for obesity (from 30.5% in 2009/2010 to 21.7% in 2015/2017). Lithuania recorded the strongest increase in the proportion of boys with overweight (from 24.8% to 28.5%) and obesity (from 9.4% to 12.2%). The trends were similar for boys and girls in most countries. Several countries in Europe have successfully implemented policies and interventions to counteract the increase of overweight and obesity, but there is still much to be done.
Higher circulating EGF levels associate with a decreased risk of IgE sensitization in young children
Authors: Reinert‐Hartwall Linnea , Siljander Heli , Härkönen Taina , Vatanen Tommi , Ilonen Jorma , Niemelä Onni , Luopajärvi Kristiina , Dorshakova Natalya , Mokurov Sergei , Peet Aleksandr , Tillmann Vallo , Uibo Raivo , Knip Mikael , Vaarala Outi , Honkanen Jarno ,   DIABIMMUNE study group
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDecreased exposure to microbial agents in industrialized countries and urban living areas is considered as a risk factor of developing immune‐mediated diseases, such as allergies and asthma. Epithelial surfaces in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and in the skin constitute the primary areas in contact with the environmental microbial load.MethodsWe analyzed the levels of 30 cytokines and growth factors in serum or plasma as markers of the immune maturation in the participants in the DIABIMMUNE study from Russian Karelia (n = 60), Estonia (n = 83) and Finland (n = 89), three neighboring countries with remarkable differences in the incidences of allergies, asthma and autoimmune diseases.ResultsWe observed an upregulation of T helper cell signature cytokines during the first 12 months of life, reflecting natural development of adaptive immune responses. During the first years of life, circulating concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were significantly higher, especially in Russian children compared with Finnish children. The children who developed IgE sensitization showed lower levels of EGF than those without such responses.ConclusionOur results suggest that low circulating EGF levels associate with the risk of allergies possibly via the effects on the epithelial integrity and mucosal homeostasis.
Clinical features of pediatric renal glucosuria cases due to SLC5A2 gene variants
Authors: Dorum Sevil , Erdoğan Hakan , Köksoy Adem Yasin , Topak Ali , Görükmez Özlem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamilial renal glycosuria (FRG) is a rare renal tubular disorder characterized by a variable loss of glucose in the urine despite normal blood glucose levels, which is seen in a condition in which other tubular functions are preserved. In this study, the molecular and clinical characteristics of pediatric FRG cases due to SLC5A2 gene variants were defined.MethodsDemographic features, diagnostic tests, and molecular analyses of patients with a diagnosis of FRG cases due to SLC5A2 gene variants were retrospectively analyzed between 2016 and 2019.ResultsThe data of 16 patients who were clinically and genetically diagnosed with FRG in a 4‐year period were analyzed. Seven (44%) of the cases were female and 9 (56%) were male. The median age at diagnosis was 6 years old (2 months old to 17 years old). Neuromotor development was found to be appropriate for the age in each case. Systemic blood pressure was evaluated as normal. A homozygous pathogenic variant in the SLC5A2 gene was detected in 14 patients in the genetic examination. A heterozygous variant was detected in one patient. In the other patient, two different heterozygous pathological variants were found in the SLC5A2 gene.ConclusionsIt was revealed that growth and development were normal in children with glucosuria due to variations in the SCL5A2 gene. Renal function tests and urinary amino acid excretion were also within normal values. In our case series, the most common genetic variation in the SCL5A2 gene was the A219T (c.655G>A) variant.
Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak (Poephagus grunniens)
Authors: Paul Vijay , Krishnan G. , Deori S. , Bam Joken , Chakravarty P. , Sarkar M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examined the changes in body weight (BW), back‐fat thickness (BFT) and blood metabolites in relation to postpartum (PP) ovarian activity status in twenty female yaks raised under semi‐intensive system. BFT and ovarian activities, like follicle development, ovulation (OV) and corpus luteum (CL) development, were monitored from 4 to 15 weeks (wk) PP using ultrasonography. Resumption of ovarian activity was confirmed with ovulation of dominant follicle (DF) and subsequent CL development, and >1 ng/ml progesterone concentration in blood plasma sample after 1week of ovulation. Yaks were further classified as cyclic (with CL), acyclic (without CL), and cystic (with >25 mm follicular cyst; FC). Within 20 weeks PP, 60% yaks resumed cyclic ovarian activity, while 25% failed to initiate cycling activity, and 15% developed follicular cysts. In all categories of yak, BW gradually decreased (p < .05) till nadir; however, nadir reached earlier (p < .05) in acyclic yaks. BFT differed (p < .05) among the yak groups, but it tended to be higher in cyclic yaks as compared to acyclic and cystic. No difference (p > .05) in non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values was found among the different categories of yaks, whereas, beta‐hydroxy butyrate (BHB) levels were higher in cystic animals as compared to acyclic and cyclic. Blood glucose levels decreased in all yaks during initial 2 weeks after calving. Our findings suggest that yaks with low BW, BFT and glucose levels, and higher BHB values were at risk of delayed resumption of ovarian activity and concomitant development of follicular cysts.
Workforce needs and estimated costs/savings for nutrition care in chronic kidney disease–stage 3 through maintenance dialysis
Authors: Hand Rosa K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe role of nutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known. However, controversies, misconceptions, and gaps in the literature exist regarding the workforce required to provide nutrition care in CKD. This paper reviews the existing literature on this topic, focusing primarily on the United States. Topics covered in this review include the qualifications and services of the registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), to which specific patients nutrition care should be provided in CKD and on dialysis, barriers to the utilization of nutrition services, the quantity of nutrition care needed to improve patient outcomes, and the risks of provider burnout. Controversies include whether more staffing is associated with better care and the best measures of staffing. The topics are supported with estimations for the economic impact and practicality of workforce decisions.
Continuous glucose monitoring in an end‐stage renal disease patient with diabetes receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Narasaki Yoko , Park Elisa , You Amy S. , Daza Andrea , Peralta Rene Amel , Guerrero Yalitzi , Novoa Alejandra , Amin Alpesh N. , Nguyen Danh V. , Price David , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Rhee Connie M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiabetes is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and contributes to heightened morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Given that ESRD patients are susceptible to hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia via multiple pathways, adequate glycemic monitoring and control is a cornerstone in diabetic kidney disease management. In ESRD, existing glycemic metrics such as glycated hemoglobin, self‐monitored blood glucose, fructosamine, and glycated albumin have limitations in accuracy, convenience, and accessibility. In contrast, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides automated, less invasive glucose measurements and more comprehensive glycemic data versus conventional metrics. Here, we report a 48‐year‐old male with ESRD due to diabetes receiving thrice‐weekly hemodialysis who experienced decreased patient‐burden, greater glucose monitoring adherence, improved glycemic parameters, and reduction in hypoglycemia after transitioning to CGM. Through this case, we discuss how CGM is a practical, convenient patient‐centered tool that may improve metabolic outcomes and quality of life in ESRD patients with diabetes.