bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Lin Liangxu , Miao Naihua , Wallace Gordon G. , Chen Jun , Allwood Dan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key energy conversion reaction involved in fuel cells, metal‐air batteries, and hydrogen peroxide production. Proliferation and improvement of the ORR requires wider use of new and existing high performance catalysts; unfortunately, most of these are still based on precious metals and become uneconomical in mass‐use applications. Recent progress suggests that low cost and durable carbon materials can potentially be developed as efficient ORR catalysts. Significant efforts have been made in discovering fundamental catalytic mechanisms and engineering techniques to guide and enable viable regulation of both the ORR activity and selectivity of these carbon catalysts. Starting from the fundamental understanding, this report reviews recent progress in engineering carbon materials from exotic chemical doping to intrinsic geometric defects for improved ORR. On the basis of both theoretical and experimental investigations reported so far in this area, future improvements in carbon catalysts are also discussed, providing useful pathways for more efficient and reliable energy conversion technologies.
Adjusting accommodation microenvironment for Cu+ to enhance oxidation inhibition for thiophene capture
Authors: Li Yu‐Xia , Jin Meng‐Meng , Shi Shu , Qi Shi‐Chao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCu+‐containing materials have great potentials in various applications like adsorptive desulfurization. Nevertheless, their applications are severely obstructed by poor stability of Cu+ in air. Here, we first clarify the mechanism of Cu+ oxidation by first‐principle calculations and demonstrate that moisture accelerates Cu+ oxidation dramatically. Then, the microenvironment of Cu2O‐modified HKUST‐1, a typical metal‐organic framework, is adjusted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic with polydimethylsiloxane coating (producing Cu2O@HK@P). This isolates moisture from pores and enhances the stability of Cu+ significantly even under oxygen atmosphere. Cu+ in Cu2O@HK@P preserves well after exposed to air for 6 months, while Cu2O@HK lose almost all Cu+ for 2 weeks. The optimal Cu2O@HK@P can remove 540 μmol g−1 of thiophene from hydrous fuel, which is much superior to Cu2O@HK (227 μmol g−1) and most reported adsorbents. Our strategy can also be applied to stabilize Cu+ in various materials including zeolite, mesoporous silica, and activated carbon.
C‐reactive protein in adult Samoans: Population variation and physiological correlates
Authors: Rivara Anna C. , Corley Margaret , Choy Courtney C. , Duckham Rachel L. , Pomer Alysa , Reupena Muagututia Sefuiva , Viali Satupaitea , Naseri Take , Kershaw Erin E. , Crouter Scott E. , McGarvey Stephen T. , Bribiescas Richard G. , Valeggia Claudia , Hawley Nicola L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesC‐reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in many populations but remains remarkably understudied in Pacific Islander populations. Here, we provide the first examination of correlates of CRP in adult Samoans (n = 108, ages 35–55 years) to test the hypotheses that CRP exhibits sex‐dependent associations with measures of BMI, adiposity, and cardiometabolic disease risks.MethodsWe analyzed associations between measures of adiposity (total fat mass, visceral fat mass, percent total body fat), body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risks, behaviors, demographics, and CRP. Unadjusted analyses of CRP were undertaken using Pearson's pairwise, and Spearman's rank correlations; one‐way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests assessed variables by CRP quartiles. Adjusted analyses of CRP correlates were examined using generalized linear regression.ResultsSerum CRP ranged from 0.08 to 13.3 mg/L (median 1.4 mg/L) and varied significantly by sex t (108) = −2.47, p = .015. CRP was weakly to moderately associated with measures of adiposity and BMI (r and ρ ranged between 0.25 and 0.50, p < .05) and some cardiometabolic markers (including HbA1c, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance). CRP was significantly associated with percent body fat in women and men, adjusting for other variables.ConclusionsThese data are among the first to demonstrate CRP correlates in a sample of adult Samoans. CRP differed by sex and was associated with BMI, adiposity, and some cardiometabolic risk markers. These data align with findings in other populations.
Porphyrinic MOF Film for Multifaceted Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Zhou Zhenyu , Mukherjee Soumya , Hou Shujin , Li Weijin , Elsner Martin , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrochemical sensors are indispensable in clinical diagnosis, biochemical detection and environmental monitoring, thanks to their ability to detect analytes in real‐time with direct electronic readout. However, electrochemical sensors are challenged by sensitivity—the need to detect low concentrations, and selectivity—to detect specific analytes in multicomponent systems. Herein, a porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (PP‐MOF), Mn‐PCN‐222 is deposited on a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. It affords Mn‐PCN‐222/ITO, a versatile voltammetric sensor able to detect redox‐active analytes such as inorganic ions, organic hazardous substances and pollutants, including nitroaromatics, phenolic and quinone‐hydroquinone toxins, heavy metal ions, biological species, as well as azo dyes. As a working electrode, the high surface area of Mn‐PCN‐222/ITO enables high currents, and therefore leverages highly sensitive analysis. The metalloporphyrin centre facilitates analyte‐specific redox catalysis to simultaneously detect more than one analyte in binary and ternary systems allowing for detection of a wide array of trace pollutants under real‐world conditions, most with high sensitivity.
Preparation and modification of thin film composite membrane using a bulky dianhydride monomer
Authors: Rezania Hamidreza , Vatanpour Vahid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the most effective methods to modify thin film composite (TFC) membranes is changing the chemistry of top selective layer by different monomers and different monomer concentrations. Herein, we report the preparation of modified TFC membranes using a pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) mixed with organic phase (trimesoyl chloride) and meta phenylene diamine (MPD). By manipulating the PMDA amount in organic phase, the structures and chemical compositions of polyamide selective layer could be modified. It was realized that the presence of PMDA could result in a modified membrane with higher surface roughness, less dense selective layer, more surface charge density, and better hydrophilic properties and consequently less fouling. The optimum PMDA concentration was found 0.05 wt%, such that the obtained membrane had 35.6 L m−2 h−1 pure water flux, about 1.6‐fold higher than the reference membrane with similar salt rejection. Fouling intensity for the reference membrane was 38.1%, while for the modified membranes it decreased to 16.7%.
Dramatically Enhanced and Red‐shifted Photoluminescence Achieved by Introducing an Electron‐withdrawing Group into a Non‐traditional Luminescent Small Organic Compound
Authors: Long Jiayu , Shan Jiankai , Zhao Yaxin , Ji Ying , Tan Hongwei , Wang Huiliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall organic compounds without any traditional fluorescent chromophores are generally non‐emissive, and only very few are reported to emit weak blue fluorescence. Here we synthesized a non‐traditional luminescent small organic compound N‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)acrylamide (TFAM) with dramatically enhanced and red‐shifted photoluminescence by introducing a strong electron‐withdrawing group into acrylamide (AM). Very impressively, TFAM emits cyan (472 nm) and yellow‐green (560 nm) fluorescence in solutions and solid state, respectively. TFAM also shows aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) and excitation‐dependent fluorescence (EDF) characteristics, as well as temperature and metal cations‐responsive fluorescence. Theoretical calculations show that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing group leads to a lower energy gap between the HOMO–LUMO energy levels in TFAM than in AM. And strong cooperative hydrogen bonds are formed in TFAM molecules, resulting in rigidification of molecular conformations. The study provides a strategy for preparing non‐traditional luminescent compounds with enhanced and red‐shifted photoluminescence.
Variance‐constrained resilient H∞ filtering for mobile robot localization under dynamic event‐triggered communication mechanism
Authors: Lu Yanyang , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the mobile robot localization problem subject to filter gain uncertainty under dynamic event‐triggered communication mechanism, and meanwhile, the H∞ filtering performance and the error variance constraint are guaranteed. For saving the sensor energy, a dynamic event‐triggered communication mechanism is introduced to manage the transmission of the measurement data from the sensor to the filter. To characterize the possible fluctuations of the desired filter gain, a resilient filter is constructed for the mobile robot localization. The aim of this paper is to find a solution to the mobile robot localization problem by designing a nonlinear resilient filter such that the filtering error dynamics satisfies both the H∞ performance requirement and the error variance constraint over a finite time horizon simultaneously. By resorting to the Lyapunov theory and the stochastic analysis technique, the sufficient conditions are established to guarantee that the error dynamic system satisfies both the H∞ performance requirement and the error variance constraint. Then, a recursive linear matrix inequality (RLMI) approach is employed to design the desired filter. Based on the proposed filter design scheme, the corresponding localization algorithm is presented. Finally, an experiment is conducted in the simulation environment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed localization algorithm.
Tuning rules: Graphical analysis and experimental validation of a simplified fractional order controller for a class of open‐loop unstable systems
Authors: Dwivedi Prakash , Pandey Sandeep 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design of non‐integer order controllers and tuning of its fractional parameters have attracted the research community of science and engineering in previous years. However, few attempts already have been done by the researchers to present the excellent results for some limited cases of models using fractional controllers; still, many physical world problems are untouched and waiting to be discovered. The big obstacle which impounds the adaptation of non‐integer controllers is the complexity in the tuning rules for physical systems. The objective of this article is to present a novel graphical tuning approach of mono and dual degree fractional controllers to fulfill the five different design requirements such as iso‐damping, gain crossover frequency, sensitivity, phase margin, and steady‐state error cancellation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested tuning technique, two test bench setups, rotary inverted pendulum and magnetic levitation system, have been taken as a case study. The experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Section 504, Title II, III of ADA don't apply to study abroad programs
Authors: Masinter Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

Inexplicably, the National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes, a technical assistance program funded by the U.S. Department of Education, has inaccurately opined on the legal question of whether Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act apply to study abroad (see https://bit.ly/2M1X6wQ), asking on its website: “Are institutions required to provide accommodations for students in study abroad programs?”
Parallel comparison of R.E.N.A.L., PADUA, and C‐index scoring systems in predicting outcomes after partial nephrectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Can , Sun Jiale , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhang Haoyang , Zhou Qi , Xu Jiangnan , Ling Zhixin , Ouyang Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo parallelly compare the applicability of the radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness, anterior/posterior, location nephrometry score (R.E.N.A.L.), the Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA), and the centrality index (C‐index) scoring systems in predicting clinical outcomes after partial nephrectomy (PN).MethodsWe searched EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science to perform a meta‐analysis examining the correlation coefficients between three nephrometry scores (NSs) and warm ischemia time (WIT), estimated blood loss (EBL), operation time (OT), length of stay (LOS), and absolute change in eGFR (ACE) up to 25 January 2021.ResultsIn total, 13 studies including 1496 patients met the criteria for further analysis. Overall, all scoring systems had statistically significant correlations with the WIT, EBL, OT, ACE and LOS and ACE, except for the correlation between PADUA and LOS (r = 0.16 [−0.00, 0.31], p > 0.05). The C‐index had the strongest correlation with WIT (r = −0.35 [−0.43, −0.26], p < 0.05) and ACE (r = −0.29 [−0.48, −0.10], p < 0.05). Weak correlations were observed between OT as well as EBL and each scoring system. Publication bias was observed in PADUA score predicting ACE (p = 0.04) and high heterogeneity was found in some of our results.ConclusionUntil now, this is the first meta‐analysis that parallelly compares these three scoring systems in predicting outcomes after PN. We found that all NSs showed a statistically significant correlation with WIT, EBL, OT, and ACE. Moreover, the C‐index scoring system is the best predictor of WIT and ACE. Due to the existence of publication bias and high heterogeneity, more well‐designed and large‐scale studies are warranted for validation.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Marcusohn Erez , Zukermann Robert , Kerner Arthur , Roguin Ariel , Kobo Ofer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the long‐term outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA Retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who underwent PCI in a large tertiary care center from January 2002 to August 2020.ResultsA total of 12,951 patients underwent PCI during the study period and were included in the cohort. The population of chronic inflammatory diseases includes 247 (1.9%) patients; 70 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 173 with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD). The composite endpoint of mortality, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or admission due to acute heart failure was similar at 30 days and more frequent in the inflammatory disease group (42.8% in AIRD group, 35.7% in the IBD group and 29.6% in the noninflammatory group, p < 0.0001). The adjusted cox regression model found a statistically significant increased risk of the composite primary endpoints of around 40% for patients both with AIRD and IBD. Readmission due to ACS was also increases at 30 days in the AIRD group compared to the noninflammatory group (0.6% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001) and 1 year (37.6% for the AIRD group, 34.3% in the IBD group and 25.5% in the noninflammatory group (p < 0.0001). Patients with inflammatory diseases were found to have a significantly increased risk congestive heart failure admissions at 1 year in a subgroup analysis of patients with myocardial infarction.ConclusionPatients with AIRD and IBD are at higher risk for cardiovascular events in long‐term follow up once diagnosed with CAD and treated with PCI.
Relevance of cutaneous manifestations and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody status in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Sone Meiko , Miyabe Chie , Miyata Ryujin , Takenaka Yuko , Ishiguro Naoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) belongs to the family of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis syndromes. Although increasing evidence indicates the correlation of clinical and histological features with the presence or absence of ANCAs in EGPA, the variations in cutaneous features according to their ANCA status have not been fully described. Here, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histological findings of 9 cases of EGPA, who presented with cutaneous lesions. Our data indicate that ANCA‐positive patients often present with blisters, systemic inflammatory symptoms, and are prone to receive a higher dose of oral prednisolone and additional immunosuppressive therapies.
Fe2Mn(μ3‐O)(COO)6 Cluster Based Stable MOF for Oxidative Coupling of Amines via Heterometallic Synergy
Authors: Wang Ying‐Xia , Wang Hui‐Min , Meng Pan , Song Dong‐Xia , Qi Zhikai , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe direct catalytic oxidative coupling of amines is one of the attracting methods for the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutical or industrial needed imines. Numerous earth‐abundant manganese based salts, oxides, and complexes have been applied in this reaction. However, these compounds suffered from difficult separation, large catalyst loading, complicated reactivation or indeterminate activity. Considering the facts that metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with crystalline structure, precise composition, and enormous surface area have superior performance in heterogeneous catalytic reactions, herein, we introduced Mn into [Fe3(μ3‐O)(CH3COO)6], one of the precursors for the preparation of stable MOFs, and got [Fe2Mn(μ3‐O)(CH3COO)6] cluster. After ligand replacement with biphenyl‐3,4’,5‐tricarboxylic acid (BPTC), heterometallic cluster‐based [Fe2Mn(μ3‐O)(BPTC)2(DMF)2(H2O)] (1) was obtained. As expected, 1 is stable and able to catalyze the homo‐ or cross‐coupling of amines effectively and selectively with 0.9 mol% catalyst loading at room temperature. Control experiments indicated that the catalytic activity of 1 mainly stems from Mn sites and that Fe synergistically contributes to the stability. Additionally, 1 is recyclable and can be reused easily for at least 8 runs without obvious decrease in catalytic ability. To our knowledge, 1 should be the first heterometallic cluster‐based MOF with defined structure suitable for the synthesis of diverse imines from oxidative coupling of amines under mild conditions, which may shed light on the easy preparation of effective heterogeneous catalysts for organic synthesis.
Zap‐Pano: a Photocaged Prodrug of the KDAC Inhibitor Panobinostat
Authors: Troelsen Kathrin S. , Calder Ewen D. D. , Skwarska Anna , Sneddon Deborah , Hammond Ester M. , Conway Stuart J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a light‐activated (caged) prodrug of the KDAC inhibitor panobinostat (Zap‐Pano). We demonstrate that addition of the 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl group to the hydroxamic acid oxygen results in an inactive prodrug. In two cancer cell lines we show that photolysis of this compound releases panobinostat and an unexpected carboxamide analogue of panobinostat. Photolysis of Zap‐Pano causes an increase in H3K9Ac and H3K18Ac, consistent with KDAC inhibition, in an oesophageal cancer cell line (OE21). Irradiation of OE21 cells in the presence of Zap‐Pano results in apoptotic cell death. This compound is a useful research tool, allowing spatial and temporal control over release of panobinostat.
Spectrum, rate and unmet needs of sociomedical interventions in outpatient psychotherapy
Authors: Schymainski David , Solvie Julia , Linden Michael , Rose Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivePsychological disorders often take a long‐term course, resulting in impairment in daily life and work. Treatment must therefore target not only symptoms of illness but also capacity limitations and context restrictions, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This includes sociomedical and interdisciplinary interventions like coordination with other specialists, contact to employers and employment agencies, social support agencies, debt counselling, self‐help and leisure groups. There are no data on the spectrum, rate and unmet needs of sociomedical interventions in outpatient psychotherapy.MethodFollowing a semistructured interview schedule, 131 psychotherapists in private practice were asked to report on unselected patients. The interviewer assessed to what degree 38 predefined sociomedical interventions were applied so far or should be considered in the future.ResultReports for 322 patients were gathered. All sociomedical interventions were applied, depending on the sick leave status and course of illness. Cognitive behaviour therapists used more sociomedical interventions than psychodynamic therapists.ConclusionThe data show that sociomedical interventions are a frequent part of psychotherapy. They are used preferably in patients with participation restrictions. Psychotherapeutic concepts and education should include sociomedical aspects.
Live Imaging and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation
Authors: Silva Lakmali Munasinghage , Moutsopoulos Niki , Bugge Thomas H. , Doyle Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutrophilExtracellular Trap (NET) formation (NETosis) is a unique process that occurs in response to numerous stimuli. To investigate NETosis, we created a method that can be used easily without the need for complex programming abilities and commercial software packages. This article describes a fully automated assay to quantify NETosis using fluorescence live imaging on an automated widefield inverted microscope. Herein, we describe (1) sample preparation, (2) required equipment for automated acquisition, and finally (3) analysis of NETosis using the readily available image analysis software Fiji (ImageJ2). This protocol can be adapted to evaluate NETosis after different stimuli, and can be easily modified to allow high‐throughput acquisition and analysis using a multi‐well plate format. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Neutrophil isolation and plate setupBasic Protocol 2: Microscope and acquisition setup for automated high throughput imagingBasic Protocol 3: Analysis of NETosis and apoptosis data
β‐Zeolite‐Assisted Lignin‐First Fractionation in a Flow‐Through Reactor**
Authors: Kramarenko Alexei , Etit Deniz , Laudadio Gabriele , D'Angelo Fernanda Neira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present work, a hydrogen‐free one‐step catalytic fractionation of woody biomass using commercial β‐zeolite as catalyst in a flow‐through reactor was carried out. Birch, spruce, and walnut shells were compared as lignocellulosic feedstocks. β‐Zeolite acted as a bifunctional catalyst, preventing lignin repolymerization due to its size‐selective properties and also cleaving β‐O‐4 lignin intralinkages while stabilizing reactive intermediates. A rate‐limiting step analysis using different reactor configurations revealed a mixed regime where the rates of both solvolytic delignification and zeolite‐catalyzed depolymerization and dehydration affected the net rate of aromatic monomer production. Oxalic acid co‐feeding was found to enhance monomer production at moderate concentrations by improving solvolysis, while it caused structural changes to the zeolite and led to lower monomer yields at higher concentrations. Zeolite stability was assessed through catalyst recycling and characterization. Main catalyst deactivation mechanisms were found to be coking and leaching, leading to widening of the pores and decrease of zeolite acidity, respectively.