bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the hashtag: describing and understanding the full impact of the #BJSConnect tweet chat May 2019
Authors: Mackenzie G , Grossman R , Mayol J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Twitter engagement between surgeons provides opportunities for international discussion of research and clinical practice. Understanding how surgical tweet chats work is important at a time when increasing reliance is being placed on virtual engagement because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Individual tweets from the May 2019 #BJSConnect tweet chat were extracted using NodeXL, complemented by Twitter searches in an internet browser to identify responses that had not used the hashtag. Aggregate estimates of tweet views were obtained from a third-party social media tool (Twitonomy) and compared with official Twitter Analytics measurements.

Results
In total 37 Twitter accounts posted 248 tweets or replies relating to the tweet chat. A further 110 accounts disseminated the tweets via retweeting. Only 58.5 per cent of these tweets and 35 per cent of the tweeters were identified through a search for the #BJSConnect hashtag. The rest were identified by searching for replies (61), quoting tweets (20), and posts by @BJSurgery that used the hashtag but did not appear in the Twitter search (22). Studying all tweets revealed complex branching discussions that went beyond the discussed paper’s findings. Third-party estimates of potential reach of the tweet chat were greatly exaggerated.

Conclusion
Understanding the extent of the discussion generated by the #BJSConnect tweet chat required looking beyond the hashtag to identify replies and other responses, which was time-consuming. Estimates of reach using a third-party tool were unreliable.
Value of regular endosonography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET–CT after surgery for gastro-oesophageal junction, stomach or pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bjerring O S , Hess S , Petersen H , Fristrup C W , Lundell L , Mortensen M B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Most patients undergo follow-up after surgery for cancers of the gastro-oesophageal junction, stomach or pancreas, but data to support which modalities to use and the frequency of investigation are limited.

Methods
Patients in the EUFURO study were randomized to either visits to the outpatient clinic at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (standard), or to the addition of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET–CT and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy to clinical assessments (intervention). Data from the intervention arm were used to analyse the diagnostic performance of endosonography or [18F]FDG PET–CT in detecting recurrences.

Results
During the scheduled follow-up, 42 of 89 patients developed recurrence; PET–CT and EUS in combination detected 38 of these recurrences. EUS detected 23 of the 42 patients with recurrent disease during follow-up and correctly diagnosed 17 of 19 locoregional recurrences. EUS was able to detect isolated locoregional recurrence in 11 of 13 patients. In five patients, EUS was false-positive for isolated locoregional recurrence owing to missed distant metastases. PET–CT detected locoregional recurrence in only 12 of 19 patients, and isolated locoregional recurrence in only 7 of 13. False-positive PET–CT results in 23 patients led to a total of 44 futile procedures.

Conclusion
Accuracy in detecting recurrences by concomitant use of PET–CT and EUS was high (90 per cent). PET–CT had moderate to high sensitivity for overall recurrence detection, but low specificity. EUS was superior to PET–CT in the detection of locoregional and isolated locoregional recurrences.
Evaluating cognitive profiles of patients undergoing clinical amyloid-PET imaging
Authors: Loreto Flavia , Gunning Stephen , Golemme Mara , Watt Hilary , Patel Neva , Win Zarni , Carswell Christopher , Perry Richard J , Malhotra Paresh A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Episodic memory impairment and brain amyloid-beta are two of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease. In the clinical setting, these are often evaluated through neuropsychological testing and amyloid PET imaging, respectively. The use of amyloid PET in clinical practice is only indicated in patients with substantial diagnostic uncertainty due to atypical clinical presentation, multiple comorbidities and/or early age of onset. The relationship between amyloid-beta and cognition has been previously investigated, but no study has examined how neuropsychological features relate to the presence of amyloid pathology in the clinical population that meets the appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET imaging. In this study, we evaluated a clinical cohort of patients (n = 107) who presented at the Imperial Memory Clinic and were referred for clinical amyloid PET and neuropsychological assessment as part of their diagnostic workup. We compared the cognitive performance of amyloid-positive patients (Aβ-pos, n = 47) with that of stable amyloid-negative (stableAβ-neg, n = 26) and progressive amyloid-negative (progAβ-neg, n = 34) patients. The amyloid-positive group performed significantly worse than both amyloid-negative groups in the visuospatial and working memory domains. Episodic memory performance, however, effectively differentiated the amyloid-positive group from the stable but not the progressive amyloid-negative group. On affective questionnaires, the stable amyloid-negative group reported significantly higher levels of depression than the amyloid-positive group. In our clinical cohort, visuospatial dysfunction and working memory impairment were better indicators of amyloid positivity than episodic memory dysfunction. These findings highlight the limited value of isolated cognitive scores in patients with atypical clinical presentation, comorbidities and/or early age of onset.
Quantification of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 by Immunopeptide Enrichment and Targeted Mass Spectrometry in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Breast Cancer Tissues
Authors: Kennedy Jacob J , Whiteaker Jeffrey R , Kennedy Laura C , Bosch Dustin E , Lerch Melissa L , Schoenherr Regine M , Zhao Lei , Lin ChenWei , Chowdhury Shrabanti , Kilgore Mark R , Allison Kimberly H , Wang Pei , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Baird Geoffrey Stuart , Paulovich Amanda G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Conventional HER2-targeting therapies improve outcomes for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC), defined as tumors showing HER2 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry and/or ERBB2 gene amplification determined by in situ hybridization (ISH). Emerging HER2-targeting compounds show benefit in some patients with neither HER2 protein overexpression nor ERBB2 gene amplification, creating a need for new assays to select HER2-low tumors for treatment with these compounds. We evaluated the analytical performance of a targeted mass spectrometry-based assay for quantifying HER2 protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and frozen BC biopsies.

Methods
We used immunoaffinity-enrichment coupled to multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (immuno-MRM-MS) to quantify HER2 protein (as peptide GLQSLPTHDPSPLQR) in 96 frozen and 119 FFPE BC biopsies. We characterized linearity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and intra- and inter-day variation of the assay in frozen and FFPE tissue matrices. We determined concordance between HER2 immuno-MRM-MS and predicate immunohistochemistry and ISH assays and examined the benefit of multiplexing the assay to include proteins expressed in tumor subcompartments (e.g., stroma, adipose, lymphocytes, epithelium) to account for tissue heterogeneity.

Results
HER2 immuno-MRM-MS assay linearity was ≥103, assay coefficient of variation was 7.8% (FFPE) and 5.9% (frozen) for spiked-in analyte, and 7.7% (FFPE) and 7.9% (frozen) for endogenous measurements. Immuno-MRM-MS-based HER2 measurements strongly correlated with predicate assay HER2 determinations, and concordance was improved by normalizing to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. HER2 was quantified above the LLOQ in all tumors.

Conclusions
Immuno-MRM-MS can be used to quantify HER2 in FFPE and frozen BC biopsies, even at low HER2 expression levels.
A New Equation Based on the Standard Lipid Panel for Calculating Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Its Use as a Risk-Enhancer Test
Authors: Sampson Maureen , Wolska Anna , Warnick Russell , Lucero Diego , Remaley Alan T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Increased small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but typically requires advanced lipid testing. We describe two new equations, first one for calculating large buoyant LDL-C (lbLDL-C), based only upon results from the standard lipid panel, and the second one for sdLDL-C.

Methods
Equations for sdLDL-C and lbLDL-C were generated with least-squares regression analysis using the direct Denka sdLDL-C assay as reference (n = 20 171). sdLDL-C was assessed as a risk-enhancer test in the National Heart and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and for its association with ASCVD in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Results
The newly derived equations depend on two terms, namely LDL-C as determined by the Sampson equation, and an interaction term between LDL-C and the natural log of triglycerides (TG). The lbLDL-C equation (lbLDLC=1.43 × LDLC-0.14 ×(ln⁡(TG)× LDLC)- 8.99) was more accurate (R2 = 0.933, slope = 0.94) than the sdLDL-C equation (sdLDLC=LDLC- lbLDLC; R2 = 0.745, slope = 0.73). Using the 80th percentile (46 mg/dL) as a cut-point, sdLDL-C identified in NHANES additional high-risk patients not identified by other risk-enhancer tests based on TG, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and nonHDL-C. By univariate survival-curve analysis, estimated sdLDL-C was superior to other risk-enhancer tests in predicting ASCVD events in MESA. After multivariate adjustment for other known ASCVD risk factors, estimated sdLDL-C had the strongest association with ASCVD compared to other lipid parameters, including measured sdLDL-C.

Conclusions
Estimated sdLDL-C could potentially be calculated on all patients tested with a standard lipid panel to improve ASCVD risk stratification.
A Federated Learning Approach for Privacy Protection in Context-Aware Recommender Systems
Authors: Ali Waqar , Kumar Rajesh , Deng Zhiyi , Wang Yansong , Shao Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Privacy protection is one of the key concerns of users in recommender system-based consumer markets. Popular recommendation frameworks such as collaborative filtering (CF) suffer from several privacy issues. Federated learning has emerged as an optimistic approach for collaborative and privacy-preserved learning. Users in a federated learning environment train a local model on a self-maintained item log and collaboratively train a global model by exchanging model parameters instead of personalized preferences. In this research, we proposed a federated learning-based privacy-preserving CF model for context-aware recommender systems that work with a user-defined collaboration protocol to ensure users’ privacy. Instead of crawling users’ personal information into a central server, the whole data are divided into two disjoint parts, i.e. user data and sharable item information. The inbuilt power of federated architecture ensures the users’ privacy concerns while providing considerably accurate recommendations. We evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm with two publicly available datasets through both the prediction and ranking perspectives. Despite the federated cost and lack of open collaboration, the overall performance achieved through the proposed technique is comparable with popular recommendation models and satisfactory while providing significant privacy guarantees.
What type of physical exercise should be recommended for improving arterial stiffness on adult population? A network meta-analysis
Authors: Saz-Lara Alicia , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Notario-Pacheco Blanca , Reina-Gutiérrez Sara , Sequí-Domínguez Irene , Ruiz Jonatan R , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Physical exercise has been associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness, a subclinical process underlying cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of different types of exercise (aerobic, resistance, combined, interval training, stretching, or mind–body modalities) on arterial stiffness is unclear. This network meta-analysis aimed to examine the effectiveness of different types of exercise on arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity in adults.

Methods and results
We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Embase, and Web of Science databases, for randomized clinical trials including at least a comparison group, from their inception to 30 June 2020. A frequentist network meta-analysis was performed to compare the effect of different types of physical exercise on arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity. Finally, 35 studies, with a total of 1125 participants for exercise intervention and 633 participants for the control group, were included. In the pairwise meta-analyses, the exercises that improved arterial stiffness were: interval training [effect size (ES) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.73], aerobic exercise (ES 0.30; 95% CI 0.13–0.48) and combined exercise (ES 0.22; 95% CI 0.04–0.40). Furthermore, the network meta-analysis showed that mind–body interventions were the most effective type of exercise to reduce the pulse wave velocity (ES 0.86; 95% CI 0.04–1.69). In addition, combined exercise (ES 0.35; 95% CI 0.08–0.62), aerobic exercise (ES 0.33; 95% CI 0.09–0.57), and interval training (ES 0.33; 95% CI 0.02–0.64) showed significant improvements.

Conclusion
Our findings showed that aerobic exercise, combined exercise, interval training, and mind–body exercises were the most effective exercise modalities for reducing arterial stiffness, assuming an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Predictors of unplanned 30-day readmissions after coronary artery bypass graft: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Son Youn-Jung , Lee Hyeon-Ju , Lim Sang-Hyun , Hong Joonhwa , Seo Eun Ji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is one of the most performed cardiac surgery globally. CABG is known to have a high rate of short-term readmissions. The 30-day unplanned readmission rate as a quality measure is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to identify and synthesize the perioperative risk factors for 30-day unplanned readmission after CABG.

Methods and results
We systematically searched seven databases and reviewed studies to identify all eligible English articles published from 1 October 1999 to 30 September 2019. Random-effect models were employed to perform pooled analyses. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the risk factors for 30-day unplanned readmission. The 30-day hospital readmission rates after CABG ranged from 9.2% to 18.9% in 14 cohort studies. Among preoperative characteristics, older adults, female, weight loss, high serum creatinine, anticoagulant use or dialysis, and comorbidities were found to be statistically significant. Postoperative complications, prolonged length of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation were revealed as the postoperative risk factors for 30-day unplanned readmission. However, intraoperative risk factors were not found to be significant in this review.

Conclusion
Our findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive assessment during the perioperative period of CABG. Healthcare professionals can perform a readmission risk stratification and develop strategies to reduce readmission rates after CABG using the risk factors identified in this review. Future studies with prospective cohort samples are needed to identify the personal or psychosocial factors influencing readmission after CABG, including perioperative risk factors.
Probiotic capability of novel lactic acid bacteria isolated from worker honey bees gut microbiota
Authors: Elzeini Hoda Mahmoud , Ali Abdel Rahman Abdel Atti , Nasr Nasr Fawzy , Hassan Mariam , Hassan Ashwaa Abdel moneim , Elenany Yasser Essam 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The study aimed to evaluate the probiotic and safety properties of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains isolated from the gut microbiota of honey bee Apis mellifera L., since this source remains a promising reservoir of microbial diversity. A total of five bacterial isolates were molecularly identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Enterococcus faecalis-HBE1, Lactobacillus brevis-HBE2, Enterococcus faecalis-HBE3, Enterococcus faecalis-HBE4 and Lactobacillus casei-HBE5. Gut tolerance conditions (low pH and bile salt) were evaluated. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, hemolytic, antioxidant activity, resistance toward antibiotics and technological characteristics (starter activity, pH and proteolysis) were examined. The five isolates showed a high survival rate (&gt;95%), under gastrointestinal tract conditions indicating excellent potential for application as probiotics. The isolates showed no hemolytic activities and good acidification rates in the range of pH 4.6–4.98 after incubation at 37°C for 24h. The isolates exhibited promising proteolytic activity as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity in the range of 16.52–59.39%. All the tested isolates had the capability to produce exopolysaccharides except Lactobacillus casei-HBE5. These results put forward that lactic acid bacterial strain isolated from honey bee workers can be considered as promising candidates for future applications as starter cultures and could constitute new potential probiotics for the production of functional dietary products promoting health benefits.
A natural association of a yeast with Aspergillus terreus and its impact on the host fungal biology
Authors: Arora Palak , Kumar Amit , A Vishwakarma Ram , Riyaz-Ul-Hassan Syed 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Several fungi have been shown to harbor microorganisms that regulate the key components of fungal metabolism. We explored the symbiotic association of an endophyte, Aspergillus terreus, which led to the isolation of a yeast, Meyerozyma caribbica, as its symbiont. An axenic fungal culture, free of the symbiont, was developed to study the effect of this association on the endophytic fungus. The symbiotic yeast partner was found to play an important role in the adaptation of A. terreus to thermal as well as osmotic stress. Under these stress conditions, the symbiont enhanced the production of lovastatin and the growth of the host fungus. The symbiotic yeast was found to induce the expression of the global regulator gene, the key genes involved in the lovastatin biosynthetic pathway as well as those involved in general growth and development, under stress conditions, in the fungal partner. Analysis by PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization microscopy indicated that the yeast may be present inside the hyphae of the fungus. However, a direct method like transmission electron microscopy may help to better understand the dynamics of this association, including the distribution of the yeast cells in/on the fungal hyphae and spores.
Monitoring of Some Chemical Contaminants Residue in Imported Wheat and Barley Grains Using QuEChERS Method and GC-MS/MS
Authors: Thabit Tamer M A M , El-Hefny Dalia E , Elgeddawy Dalia I H , El-Naggar Medhat A H , Serageldin Ferhad M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Cereal grains are an important for the nutrition of both humans and animals, and contribute to the nutrition cycle in different ways. Chemical contaminants are important to be monitored in food due to their direct effects on human health.

Objective
This work aimed to monitor some of the hazardous chemical contaminants i.e., organochlorines (OCs), pyrethroids, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wheat and barley grains of European origin during 2019.

Method
Samples were collected consecutively during the season and the QuEChERS technique (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) followed by GC-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis was used in the extraction and cleaning up for all analyzed compounds. The method was verified, and a recovery study was performed at two spiking levels: 0.01 and 0.05 µg/g. RSD(%), LOD, and LOQ were calculated. Recovery ranged from 78.70–104.00% for all compounds at both levels at RSD 2.16–11.76%. Fat, moisture, protein, and specific weight contents of both grains of all studied origins were also recorded.

Results
Results revealed that all detected pesticides were lower than the estimated maximum residue limits (MRLs). Few congeners of PCBs and PAHs were detected in the most of origins with tiny amounts but no estimated MRLs for it in cereal grains to be compared.

Conclusions
None of the analyzed OCs were detected except endosulfan-I which was detected in some wheat samples from Ukraine and Poland, and some barley samples from Latvia, but still lower than the MRL.

Highlights
None of the OCs, highly toxic PCBs or the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene were detected in any analyzed samples.
Determination of Lactose Concentration in Low-Lactose and Lactose-Free Milk, Milk Products, and Products Containing Dairy Ingredients, Enzymatic Method: Single-Laboratory Validation First Action Method 2020.08
Authors: Ivory Ruth , Delaney Elaine , Mangan David , McCleary Barry V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods issued a call for methods for the measurement of lactose in low-lactose and lactose-free products under Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2018.009. Megazyme’s Lactose Assay Kit (K-LOLAC) was developed specifically to address the need for accurate enzymatic testing in lactose-free samples.

Objective
K-LOLAC was validated for measurement of lactose in low-lactose and lactose-free milk, milk products, and products containing dairy ingredients. A single-laboratory validation (SLV) of the method is reported.

Method
K-LOLAC is an accurate and sensitive enzymatic method for the rapid measurement of lactose in low-lactose or lactose-free products. Validation analysis was performed on a sample set of 36 commercial food and beverage products and a set of 10 certified reference materials. Parameters examined during the validation included working range and linear range, selectivity, LOD, LOQ, trueness (bias), precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), robustness, and stability.

Results
For all samples tested within the lower range (10–100 mg/100 g or mL), recoveries varied from 93.21–114.10%. Recoveries obtained for samples in the higher range (&gt;100 mg/100 g or mL) varied from 94.44–108.28%. All materials had repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr and RSDir) of &lt;9%.

Conclusions
The commercial K-LOLAC assay kit, as developed by Megazyme, meets the requirements set out under SMPR 2018.009.

Highlights
K-LOLAC is a robust, quick, and easy method for analysis of lactose in foodstuffs and beverages.