bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Carbon Emission During Expressway Operation Period Based on Energy Consumption Analysis
Authors: Chen Jie , Yu Zhonghui , Chen Guoyan , Zheng Yadong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article divides the activities during the expressway operation period and analyzes its energy consumption. Based on the carbon emission coefficient method, a carbon emission calculation model is constructed to calculate carbon dioxide emissions. Studies have shown that the carbon emissions from highway infrastructure operations are the highest, and most of them are from electricity. Therefore, the application of energy saving and emission reduction technologies in infrastructure operations is essential.
Structural system selection and design of Zhangzhou Opera House Fujian Province
Authors: Yang Songlin , Ren Qingying , Liu Wenting , Zhang Xiaomeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zhangzhou Opera House adopts the complex structure system of petal shape. According to the building shape and architectural layout, the structure combines the steel truss for large-span space and the frame-shear wall structure surrounding. This article introduced its structural system, multi-line defense line arrangement and anti-seismic performance objectives, and summarized the structural characteristics of the overall structure, especially focusing on key issues such as setting the ring floor beam to resist the extroversive forces, anti-seismic performance of key components and the design of the junction between the steel truss and concrete structure. The results show that the structure has strong adaptability to the building shape with suitable seismic performance, and fulfilling both the requirements of seismic performance design and the structural safety.
Hydrological Simulation of Wohushan Reservoir Basin Based on NAM Model
Authors: Zhao Jiazhen , Cao Fangjing , Wang Jianguang , Li Taili 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the NAM model, a hydrological model of the Wohushan Reservoir was constructed. The rainfall and runoff process of the Wohushan Reservoir was simulated. The model was calibrated with 6 measured floods, and the model was verified by 6 measured floods.. The result showed that the qualified rate of the simulation results of the model was 83.3%, which reached the standard of the qualified rate of the model. In the flood simulation that meets the qualification requirements, the maximum error between the measured and simulated flood peaks is 14.248% and the minimum error is 10.001%; the maximum error between the measured and simulated flood peaks during the verification period is 12.376% and the minimum is 5.392%. The fitting of the measured flow process is relatively ideal and has certain practical significance.
Stability analysis of heterogeneous slope with concealed fault zone
Authors: Li Shulin , Chen Xinxin , Duan Jinqi , Li Tianjiao , Sun Xiangrui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Combined with the heterogeneous slope of the concealed fault zone at the dam site of a hydropower station in Nujiang River, a numerical analysis model is established by FLAC3D to study the influence of the content of fault gouge and fault breccia in the concealed fault zone on the stability of the slope. The results show that the safety factor increases linearly with the increase of internal friction angle when the cohesion is fixed, and linearly with the increase of cohesion when the internal friction angle is fixed. The variation of safety factor of internal friction angle is greater than that of cohesion. If the content of fault breccia is high, the safety factor is high. If the content of fault gouge is high, the safety factor is low.Comprehensive safety factor of concealed fault zone of local strength reduction method is basically consistent with that of FLAC3D concealed fault zone, and the heterogeneous slope is basically in a stable state.
Influence of Outdoor Wind Environment on Thermal Environment Around Rural Houses
Authors: Chang-fa JI , Huan ZHANG , Ying FU 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to statistics, building energy consumption accounts for 33% of the country's total energy consumption, in which rural building energy consumption accounts for 20%, and with the continuous advancement of new rural construction, various policies to benefit the people have been promulgated successively, this proportion will increase year by year.However, at present, the focus of building energy conservation work is concentrated in urban areas. Rural houses lack technical guidance on energy conservation in buildings. The self-built model is basically adopted, which consumes too much energy. Therefore, based on the CFD numerical simulation technology, this paper takes some rural houses in Xi'an as a research object, simulates its outdoor wind environment, combined with the wind environment evaluation standard, the existing problems of rural houses are analyzed, and the improvement scheme is proposed. After the adjustment, the simulation analysis again showed that when the angle between the rural house building and the wind direction in Xi'an is 45 °, the comfort of human living environment is the best, which provides a reference for future energy conservation and consumption reduction in rural areas.
Investigation and Research on the Treatment of Air Pollution by Heating Boiler of Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Zhang Fan , Yang Shuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
On June 10, 2015, Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau issued “Boiler Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Standard” DB11/139-2015. Starting from April 1, 2017, NOx emissions from newly built boilers must be below 30mg/m3 and from in-use boilers must be below 80mg/m3. For implementing the emission reduction work in Beijing, according to current situation of boiler room in Beijing University of Chemical Technology, the school authorities do a series of work, including visits, market research and data analysis, attend academic conferences. On how to deal with the problem of air pollutant discharge standard of boilers in our university, we analyse the relevant emission standards at home and abroad, pollution prevention and control technology, low-nitrogen combustion principle of gas-fired industrial boilers and its technical development status, and put forward three solutions[1][2]. Through the comparison of advantages and disadvantages, the optimal solution is obtained.
Analysis on load distribution of beam-arch combination system bridge
Authors: Huang Huanzi , Yang Kun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many prestressed concrete beam-arch combination system bridges have been built in China, but the research on the mechanical characteristics of beam-arch combination system bridges is insufficient. By adopting the structural mechanics and taking the three-span continuous beam-arch combination bridge as the research object, a theoretical formula for calculating the load distribution of the beam, arch and boom of the beam-arch combination system is put forward. By comparing the theoretical calculation with the finite element calculation, the theoretical calculation formula is verified, and the factors affecting the load sharing ratio and the bending moment distribution ratio are analysed. The results show that the load sharing ratio is less affected by the beam-arch bending stiffness ratio, and more affected by beam-to-boom equivalent stiffness ratio. The load sharing ratio increases with the increase of rise-span ratio and the decrease of side-to-span ratio. The beam-arch bending moment distribution ratio is related to the beam-arch bending stiffness ratio, the side-to-span ratio and the rise-span ratio, and beam-to-boom equivalent stiffness ratio.
ZnO nanorods alloyed with Mo/Er. The effect of post-deposition treatment on defect states and luminescence
Authors: Buryi M , Remeš Z , Babin V , Vaněček V , Aubrechtová Dragounová K , Mičová J , Landová L , Kučerková R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFree-standing ZnO nanorods alloyed with Er/Mo were synthesized by the hydrothermal growth method. To characterize them, the number of experimental techniques was applied including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning emission microscopy (SEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photo- and radioluminescence (PL, RL). EPR confirmed the existence of F+centres common for ZnO-based structures in the ZnO:Er(30%) nanorods whereas in the ZnO:Mo(30%) this kind of defect was absent. Air annealing at elevated temperatures results in the reduction of F+centres in all the materials studied. Moreover, Er3+EPR signal also undergoes changes including broadening in the ZnO:Er. This allowed suggesting oxidation of Er ions on the ZnO nanorods surface. Red luminescence (~680 nm) appears in all studied samples regardless the dopant origin and doping level after the annealing in air. The exciton-related band at 380 nm never observed in the samples before the annealing appears upon the annealing at 350 °C in ZnO:Mo(10%) and ZnO:Er(30%). No such band was observed in the ZnO:Mo(30%) sample under the same conditions. According to SEM there are nanorods no more but microrods upon the content of Mo/Er as compared to the as-grown untreated ZnO as reported in a recent work.
Effect of ZnO nanoparticle sizes and illumination on growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in cultivation medium
Authors: Jíra J , Rutherford D , Mičová J , Remeš Z , Rezek B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study antibacterial effects of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in cultivation medium (Mueller-Hinton broth) on Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria models. We compare synthesized ZnO hedgehog NPs and commercial ZnO NPs (50 nm and 20 μm nominal size) in different concentrations (1 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL). Results show that E. coli are more sensitive to the ZnO presence in the cultivation media than S. aureus. We also characterize influence of visible and UV light on the ZnO NP effects.
Age-varying Bi-directional Associations Between Momentary Affect and Movement Behaviors in Children: Evidence From a Multi-wave Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Yang Chih-Hsiang , Zink Jennifer , Belcher Britni R , Kanning Martina , Dunton Genevieve F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The bi-directional associations between affective states and movement behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behavior) have been observed in children. It is unclear if the strength of these bi-directional associations varies with age as children transition from childhood to adolescence.

Purpose
This multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study investigates the acute time-varying associations between affect and movement behaviors among youth.

Methods
Children (N = 195, baseline mean age = 10.72, range = 8–12 years, mean BMI-z = 0.49, 51% female) participated in a six-wave EMA study across three years. Each EMA survey captured momentary positive and negative affect. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the 15-min window before and after each EMA survey was calculated using accelerometry data. Time-varying effect models (TVEM) examined the acute bi-directional associations between momentary positive/negative affect and MVPA/sedentary time across ages 8 to 14.

Results
Children provided 14,246 valid activity-matched EMA surveys across all waves. TVEM plots revealed that the directionality and the strength (time-varying slopes) of associations between momentary affect and activity levels vary across ages. Positive affect was associated with higher MVPA levels and lower sedentary time at younger ages, whereas negative affect linked to lower MVPA levels and more sedentary time at older ages.

Conclusions
The acute associations between momentary affect and (in)activity levels may vary as a function of children's age. Applying TVEM to intensive longitudinal data could provide valuable information for developing age-tailored interventions that promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents.
Recovery of the Decline in Activities of Daily Living After Hospitalization Through an Individualized Exercise Program: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Martínez-Velilla Nicolás , Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio , García-Hermoso Antonio , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the period of hospitalization, patients can develop functional decline. The main aim of our study was to assess the natural trajectory of each activity of daily living (ADL) and to assess how in-hospital exercise could influence short-term trajectory of ADLs.MethodAcutely hospitalized patients (n = 297, 56.5% women) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control (usual care) group within the first 48 hours of admission. An exercise training program was prescribed in 2 daily sessions (morning and evening) of 20 minutes duration during 5–7 consecutive days for the intervention group. The primary endpoint was the change in every ADL (assessed with the Barthel Index) from 2 weeks before admission to hospital discharge.ResultsAcute hospitalization per se led to significant in-patient’s functional ability impairment in ADLs during hospitalization, whereas the exercise intervention reversed this trend (3.7 points; 95% CI: 0.5–6.8 points). After analyzing the trajectory of each one of the ADLs, patients in the control group significantly worsened all activities, but with a different degree of loss. For the between-group analysis, significant differences were obtained in many ADLs including bathing, dressing, grooming, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility, and climbing stairs (p &lt; .05). The control group had the greatest impairment in all domains analyzed (ie, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, bowel control, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility, and climbing stairs; p &lt; .05).ConclusionsAn individualized multicomponent exercise training program in older adults is effective to reverse the loss of specific ADLs that frequently occurs during hospitalization. Each patient profile should receive an individualized prescription of exercise during hospitalizations.Clinical Trials Registration NumberNCT02300896.
Associations of Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity With Cortical Amyloid-Beta Burden, Cortical Glucose Uptake, and Cognitive Function in Normal Aging
Authors: Palomar-Bonet Miriam , Atienza Mercedes , Hernández-Ledesma Blanca , Cantero Jose L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Determining susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in asymptomatic individuals requires from noninvasive, simple, and inexpensive markers that can be easily obtained in primary care settings. While saliva meets all these requirements, there is a lack of evidence linking salivary constituents to in vivo AD pathology in aging.

Methods
We examined the potential of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for identifying global cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, deficits in regional glucose uptake, and poorer cognition in 71 cognitively normal older adults. We further assessed whether salivary TAC-related cognitive performance was associated with higher Aβ load and lower cortical glucose consumption.

Results
Linear regression analyses adjusted by age, sex, years of education, and ApoE4 status showed that salivary TAC was associated with slower processing speed and poorer sustained attention, as well as with higher Aβ load and lower glucose metabolism in cortical regions vulnerable to cognitive aging and AD. Results also revealed that lower scores in processing speed and sustained attention were associated with greater Aβ burden and lower regional glucose consumption, respectively.

Conclusions
Together, these findings support the use of salivary TAC for preventive screening and detection of cerebral vulnerability to AD. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of salivary TAC as a clinical marker.
Antidepressants
Authors: Roth Andrew J. , Nelson Christian J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although many people with cancer experience depressive moods, not all will have a major depressive episode. It is therefore important to distinguish and address subsyndromal depression from a depressive syndrome that could benefit from psychopharmacologic intervention. This chapter discusses risk factors for depression in cancer patients and provides suggestions for improving identification of depression in complicated cancer situations. The goal is to help non-prescribing clinicians more easily decide when referrals for medication are warranted and how to maintain connections and enhance communication with prescribers after medications are started. Pearls and potholes of why different medications are used for specific circumstances, and how prescribers seek to obtain more than one use out of a single medication, are described.
Medications for Sleep Disturbance
Authors: Roth Andrew J. , Nelson Christian J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Insomnia, or sleep disturbance, manifests in many ways in people with cancer. Sleep complaints may be intermittent, often related to specific situations or medical problems. They can develop into an ongoing syndrome and can severely impair a person’s quality of life with compromised energy and risk for falls. Non-prescribers are often called upon to assist with teaching healthy nonpharmacologic sleep hygiene techniques. However, it is important to recognize when a proper medication can assist or supplement good sleep habits and make a timely referral to a prescriber. This chapter discusses the potential benefits and pitfalls of medications used to induce and maintain sleep and how patients can integrate medication use into the standard nonmedication sleep-promoting techniques. All clinicians will be able to monitor for potential side effects of hypnotics (sleep medications), including cognitive and balance abnormalities, as well as compromised daytime energy and alertness, which might discourage patients from taking these medications.
Correlation of Genomic Compartments with Contrastive Modes of Functional Losses of Host Specificity Determinants During Pathotype Differentiation in Pyricularia oryzae
Authors: Asuke Soichiro , Magculia Nicole John , Inoue Yoshihiro , Vy Trinh Thi Phuong , Tosa Yukio 
Published: February 2021

The specificity between pathotypes of Pyricularia oryzae and genera of gramineous plants is governed by gene-for-gene interactions. Here, we show that avirulence genes involved in this host specificity have undergone different modes of functional losses dependent on or affected by genomic compartments harboring them. The avirulence of an Eleusine pathotype on wheat is controlled by five genes, including PWT3, which played a key role in the evolution of the Triticum pathotype (the wheat blast fungus). We cloned another gene using an association of its presence or absence with pathotypes and designated it as PWT6. PWT6 was widely distributed in a lineage composed of Eleusine and Eragrostis isolates but was completely absent in a lineage composed of Lolium and Triticum isolates. On the other hand, PWT3 homologs were present in all isolates, and their loss of function in Triticum isolates was caused by insertions of transposable elements or nucleotide substitutions. Analyses of whole-genome sequences of representative isolates revealed that these two genes were located in different genomic compartments; PWT6 was located in a repeat-rich region, while PWT3 was located in a repeat-poor region. These results suggest that the course of differentiation of the pathotypes in P. oryzae appears to be illustrated as processes of functional losses of avirulence genes but that modes of the losses are affected by genomic compartments in which they reside. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Relations between earthquake distributions, geological history, tectonics and rheology on the continents
Authors: Jackson James , McKenzie Dan , Priestley Keith 
Published: February 2021

This paper is concerned with the distribution of earthquakes, particularly their depths, with the temperature of the material in which they occur, and with the significance of both for the rheology and deformation of the continental lithosphere. Earthquakes on faults are generated by the sudden release of elastic energy that accumulates during slow plate motions. The nonlinear high-temperature creep that localizes such energy accumulation is, in principle, well understood and can be described by rheological models. But the same is not true of seismogenic brittle failure, the main focus of this paper, and severely limits the insights that can be obtained by simulations derived from geodynamical modelling of lithosphere deformation. Through advances in seismic tomography, we can now make increasingly detailed maps of lithosphere thickness on the continents. The lateral variations are dramatic, with some places up to 300 km thick, and clearly relate to the geological history of the continents as well as their present-day deformation. Where the lithosphere thickness is about 120 km or less, continental earthquakes are generally confined to upper crustal material that is colder than about 350°C. Within thick lithosphere, and especially on its edges, the entire crust may be seismogenic, with earthquakes sometimes extending into the uppermost mantle if the Moho is colder than 600°C, but the continental mantle is generally aseismic. Earthquakes in the continental lower crust at 400–600°C require the crust to be anhydrous and so are a useful guide or proxy to both composition and strength. These patterns and correlations have important implications for the geological evolution of the continents. They can be seen to have influenced features as diverse as the location of post-collisional rifting; cratonic basin formation; the location, origin and timing of granulite-facies metamorphism; and the formation, longevity and strength of cratons. In addition, they have important consequences for earthquake hazard assessment in the slowly deforming edges and interiors of continental shields or platforms, where the large seismogenic thickness can host very large earthquakes.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding earthquakes using the geological record'.