bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of broadband access on electronic patient engagement activities: Assessment of urban‐rural differences
Authors: Ekezue Bola F. , Bushelle‐Edghill Jennifer , Dong Su , Taylor Yhenneko J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesLack of access to high‐speed internet may explain disparities in the use of technologies that support electronic patient engagement (EPE). This study describes trends in how people with and without fixed broadband connectivity in urban and rural communities used EPE tools to interact with health care providers between 2014 and 2018.MethodsWe linked Federal Communications Commission fixed broadband data with the Association of American Medical Colleges Consumer Survey of Health Care Access data for years 2014‐2018 (n = 23,131). ZIP Codes with a 25Mbps download speed and 3Mbps upload speed were determined to have broadband connectivity access. We evaluated 6 activities involving the use of 4 EPE tools (email, text, website, chat, video, and mobile app) and the intensity of use (0 = none, 1‐3 = low, 4‐6 = high). Multivariate logistic and multinomial regression models were used to determine factors associated with EPE.ResultsMore than half (57.1%) of those without broadband access lived in rural areas. Overall, the intensity in the use of EPE tools increased from 2014 to 2016, then declined steadily with higher increases in use observed in urban and suburban than in rural areas. Lack of broadband access was associated with increased odds of zero intensity versus low‐intensity use of EPE tools in rural areas (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.42‐2.09).ConclusionsInequality in broadband connectivity access may explain why rural communities lag in using various electronic tools for interacting with health care providers. Continued efforts to increase broadband connectivity in rural communities could improve their engagement with care providers.
Direct antiviral agent treatment leads to rapid and significant fibrosis regression after HCV eradication
Authors: Kang Qian , Xu Jinghang , Luo Hao , Tan Ning , Chen Hongyu , Cheng Ran , Pan Jiali , Han Yifan , Yang Yuqing , Liu Dan , Xi Hongli , Yu Min , Xu Xiaoyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLimited data are currently available regarding fibrosis progression after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of HCV eradication on liver stiffness measurements (LSMs), aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) scores, fibrosis‐4(FIB‐4) scores, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) levels and Golgi protein 73 (GP73) levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). One hundred and two patients who received direct antiviral agents (DAAs) therapy at Peking University First Hospital participated in the present study. Clinical information and serum samples were collected at baseline, at the end of treatment (EOT), and at the weeks 12, 24 and 48 after treatment (W12, W24 and W48, respectively). Of the 102 patients, 51 had mild‐to‐moderate fibrosis (F1/F2), and 51 had advanced fibrosis (F3/F4). The LSMs improved for all patients at the EOT, with observed changes of 2.85 kPa, and the decrease continued to W12. However, a more pronounced improvement was noted for the advanced fibrosis (F3/F4) patients, with a change of 3.6 kPa from baseline to the EOT. Significant decreases between the baseline and EOT measurements were observed in the APRI and FIB‐4 scores [0.64 (0.39–1.21) vs. 0.35 (0.26–0.52), p<0.001; 2.53 (1.30–3.91) vs. 1.87 (0.89–2.5), p<0.001], after which the values decreased until W12, with no significant difference observed. Serum CHI3L1 and GP73 levels were profoundly decreased at the EOT compared with those at baseline [134.07 (154.49) vs. 103.75 (98.04), p=0.025; 98.24 (64.76) vs. 88.91 (50.89), p=0.002]. DAA treatments could significantly improve liver fibrosis of CHC patients as evidenced by decreased liver stiffness, APRI scores and FIB‐4 scores. Improvements in liver fibrosis markers (especially serum CHI3L1 and GP73) were prominent in patients with advanced fibrosis, indicating that serum CHI3L1 and GP73 could be noninvasive markers for monitoring fibrosis in CHC patients.Significance StatementThe prospective cohort evaluated the effect of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) on fibrosis regression after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication of Chinese people in the real‐world study. This study highlighted that rapid and significant fibrosis regression rather than reduction in inflammation was achieved with DAA treatment, and this regression could be detected as early as the end of treatment. We found the serum CHI3L1 and GP73 levels can be used to monitor changes in fibrosis in CHC patients.
Light, power, action! Interaction of respiratory energy‐ and blue light‐induced stomatal movements
Authors: Vialet‐Chabrand Silvere , Matthews Jack S. A. , Lawson Tracy 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Although the signalling pathway of blue light (BL)‐dependent stomatal opening is well characterized, little is known about the interspecific diversity, the role it plays in the regulation of gas exchange and the source of energy used to drive the commonly observed increase in pore aperture.

Using a combination of red and BL under ambient and low [O2] (to inhibit respiration), the interaction between BL, photosynthesis and respiration in determining stomatal conductance was investigated. These findings were used to develop a novel model to predict the feedback between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under these conditions.

Here we demonstrate that BL‐induced stomatal responses are far from universal, and that significant species‐specific differences exist in terms of both rapidity and magnitude. Increased stomatal conductance under BL reduced photosynthetic limitation, at the expense of water loss. Moreover, we stress the importance of the synergistic effect of BL and respiration in driving rapid stomatal movements, especially when photosynthesis is limited.

These observations will help reshape our understanding of diurnal gas exchange in order to exploit the dynamic coordination between the rate of carbon assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs), as a target for enhancing crop performance and water use efficiency.
Tomato chlorosis virus–encoded p22 suppresses auxin signalling to promote infection via interference with SKP1‐Cullin‐F‐boxTIR1 complex assembly
Authors: Liu Sijia , Wang Cuilin , Liu Xuedong , Navas‐Castillo Jesús , Zang Lianyi , Fan Zaifeng , Zhu Xiaoping , Zhou Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhytohormone auxin plays a fundamental role in plant growth and defense against pathogens. However, how auxin signalling is regulated during virus infection in plants remains largely unknown. Auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is the repressor of auxin signalling and can be recognized by an F‐box protein transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). Ubiquitination and degradation of Aux/IAA by SKP1‐Cullin‐F‐boxTIR1 (SCFTIR1) complex can trigger auxin signalling. Here, with an emerging important plant virus worldwide, we showed that tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) infection or stable transgenic overexpression of its p22 protein does not alter auxin accumulation level but significantly decreases the expression of auxin signalling–responsive genes, suggesting that p22 can attenuate host auxin signalling. Further, p22 could bind the C‐terminal of SKP1.1 and compete with TIR1 to interfere with the SCFTIR1 complex assembly, leading to a suppression of Aux/IAA degradation. Silencing and over‐expression assays suggested that both NbSKP1.1 and NbTIR1 suppress ToCV accumulation and disease symptoms. Altogether, ToCV p22 disrupts the auxin signalling through destabilizing SCFTIR1 by interacting with the C‐terminal of NbSKP1.1 to promote ToCV infection. Our findings uncovered a previously unknown molecular mechanism employed by a plant virus to manipulate SCF complex–mediated ubiquitin pathway and to reprogram auxin signalling for efficient infection.
Risk sharing under the dominant peer‐to‐peer property and casualty insurance business models
Authors: Denuit Michel , Robert Christian Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper purposes to formalize the three business models dominating peer‐to‐peer (P2P) property and casualty insurance: the self‐governing model, the broker model, and the carrier model. The former one develops outside the insurance market whereas the latter ones may originate from the insurance industry, by partnering with an existing company or by issuing a new generation of participating insurance policies where part of the risk is shared within a community and higher losses, exceeding the community's risk‐bearing capacity are covered by an insurance or reinsurance company. The present paper proposes an actuarial modeling based on conditional mean risk sharing, to support the development of this new P2P insurance offer under each of the three business models. In addition, several specific questions are also addressed in the self‐governing model. Considering an economic agent who has to select the optimal pool for a risk to be shared with other participants, it is shown that uniform comparison of the Lorenz or concentration curves associated to the respective total losses of the pools under consideration allows the agent to decide which pool is preferable.
Rogue waves and lumps on the nonzero background in the ‐symmetric nonlocal Maccari system
Authors: Cao Yulei , Cheng Yi , Malomed Boris A. , He Jingsong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the ‐symmetric version of the Maccari system is introduced, which can be regarded as a two‐dimensional generalization of the defocusing nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Various exact solutions of the nonlocal Maccari system are obtained by means of the Hirota bilinear method, long‐wave limit, and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy method. Bilinear forms of the nonlocal Maccari system are derived for the first time. Simultaneously, a new nonlocal Davey‐Stewartson–type equation is derived. Solutions for breathers and breathers on top of periodic line waves are obtained through the bilinear form of the nonlocal Maccari system. Hyperbolic line rogue wave (RW) solutions and semirational ones, composed of hyperbolic line RW and periodic line waves are also derived in the long‐wave limit. The semirational solutions exhibit a unique dynamical behavior. Additionally, general line soliton solutions on constant background are generated by restricting different tau‐functions of the KP hierarchy, combined with the Hirota bilinear method. These solutions exhibit elastic collisions, some of which have never been reported before in nonlocal systems. Additionally, the semirational solutions, namely, (i) fusion of line solitons and lumps into line solitons and (ii) fission of line solitons into lumps and line solitons, are put forward in terms of the KP hierarchy. These novel semirational solutions reduce to ‐lump solutions of the nonlocal Maccari system with appropriate parameters. Finally, different characteristics of exact solutions for the nonlocal Maccari system are summarized. These new results enrich the structure of waves in nonlocal nonlinear systems, and help to understand new physical phenomena.
Revising dating estimates and the antiquity of eusociality in termites using the fossilized birth–death process
Authors: Jouault Corentin , Legendre Frédéric , Grandcolas Philippe , Nel André 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeciphering the timing and tempo of lineage diversification of organisms has greatly benefited from advances in Bayesian phylogenetic analyses using morphological data. Those advances, however, have not been used for termites despite a rich fossil record. Here, we estimate divergence times for living and fossil termites using the fossilized birth–death (FBD) process on a previously published morphological matrix expanded with two new fossils that we describe (see Appendices S1 and S2). Those fossils, based on soldier specimens, are the mid‐Cretaceous mastotermitid Milesitermes engeli gen. et sp. nov., and the Middle Eocene Reticulitermes grimaldii sp. nov. The latter is the oldest occurrence of a Rhinotermitidae soldier and the first termite soldier described from Baltic amber. Our dating estimates provide new stem‐ages and crown‐ages for termites, suggesting older ages than previously thought for several lineages. Importantly, crown‐Isoptera – and, therefore, eusociality – may have arisen approximately 200 Ma. We conclude with further directions to keep improving our understanding of the timing of differentiation in termites.
TB or not TB? Definitive determination of species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in unprocessed sputum from adults with presumed multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Mbelele Peter M. , Sauli Elingarami , Mpolya Emmanuel A. , Mohamed Sagal Y. , Addo Kennedy K. , Mfinanga Sayoki G. , Heysell Scott K. , Mpagama Stellah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesDifferences among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) species may predict drug resistance or treatment success. Thus, we optimised and deployed the genotype MTBC assay (gMTBC) to identify MTC to the species level, and then performed comparative genotypic drug‐susceptibility testing to anti‐tuberculosis drugs from direct sputum of patients with presumed multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) by the MTBDRplus/sl reference method.MethodsPatients with positive Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) results were consented to provide early‐morning‐sputum for testing by the gMTBC and the reference MTBDRplus/sl. Chi‐square or Fisher’s exact test compared proportions. Modified Poisson regression modelled detection of MTC by gMTBC.ResultsAmong 73 patients, 53 (73%) were male and had a mean age of 43 (95% CI; 40–45) years. In total, 34 (47%), 36 (49%) and 38 (55%) had positive gMTBC, culture and MTBDR respectively. Forty patients (55%) had low quantity MTC by Xpert, including 31 (78%) with a negative culture. gMTBC was more likely to be positive in patients with chest cavity 4.18 (1.31–13.32, P = 0.016), high‐quantity MTC by Xpert 3.03 (1.35–6.82, P = 0.007) and sputum smear positivity 1.93 (1.19–3.14, P = 0.008). The accuracy of gMTBC in detecting MTC was 95% (95% CI; 86–98; κ = 0.89) compared to MTBDRplus/sl. All M. tuberculosis/canettii identified by gMTB were susceptible to fluoroquinolone and aminoglycosides/capreomycin.ConclusionsThe concordance between the gMTBC assay and MTBDRplus/sl in detecting MTC was high but lagged behind the yield of Xpert MTB/RIF. All M. tuberculosis/canettii were susceptible to fluoroquinolones, a core drug in MDR‐TB treatment regimens.
Naturally occurring anti‐Kpain an infant with recurrent bacterial infection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kandasamy Dhivya , Shastry Shamee , Chenna Deepika , Prethika Ponniah Amutha , Vaidya Ashwinkumar , Rajendran Vinu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNaturally occurring anti‐Kpaantibody is extremely rare and was first reported in 1957, named after the first producer ‘Penney’. However, the subsequent anti‐Kpareports presented were all anti‐Kpadue to isoimmunization. Individuals with severe bacterial infections particularly Gram‐negative bacteria are known to be capable of producing cross‐reactive antibodies against Kell blood group system. However, such uncommon antibodies like anti‐Kpacan be easily missed in routine pre‐transfusion testing unless the panel cells containing low incidence antigen are used for antibody screening. Here, we report a case of naturally occurring anti‐Kpaantibody, identified incidentally during pre‐transfusion testing of a 12‐month‐old female infant with the diagnosis of Niemann–Pick disease and recurrent bacterial (Escherichia coli) infection.
Steel Surface Defect Detection Using an Ensemble of Deep Residual Neural Networks
Authors: Konovalenko Ihor , Maruschak Pavlo , Brevus Vitaly 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Steel defect diagnostics is important for industry task as it is tied to the product quality and production efficiency. The aim of this paper is evaluating the application of residual neural networks for recognition of industrial steel defects of three classes. Developed and investigated models based on deep residual neural networks for the recognition and classification of surface defects of rolled steel. Investigated the influence of various loss functions, optimizers and hyperparameters on the obtained result and selected optimal model parameters. Based on an ensemble of two deep residual neural networks ResNet50 and ResNet152, a classifier was constructed to detect defects of three classes on flat metal surfaces. The proposed technique allows classifying images with high accuracy. The average binary accuracy of classifying the test data is 96.7% for all images (including defect-free ones). The fields of neuron activation in the convolutional layers of the model were investigated. Feature maps formed in the process were found to reflect the position, size, and shape of the objects of interest very well. The proposed ensemble model has proven to be robust and able to accurately recognize steel surface defects. Erroneous recognition cases of the classifier application are investigated. It was shown that errors most often occur in ambiguous situations, where surface artifacts of different types are similar.
A research on the effect of retrogression and re-aging heat treatment on hot tensile properties of AA7075 aluminum alloys
Authors: Sunar Talha , Ozyurek Dursun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aluminium alloys are preferred in most industries due to the functional properties they provide. It is known that alloys that can be processed with heat treatments shows better mechanical properties. 7xxx series alloys can be processed vi heat treatments and are often used in environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures and corrosive environments. Corrosive sensitivities such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) can be observed with the effect of working conditions. It is known that retrogression and re-aging (RRA) heat treatment provide corrosion resistance and decrease the SCC velocity. The purpose of this study is to examine the tensile behaviour of annealed and retrogression-re-aging (RRA) heat treated AA7075 alloys at elevated temperatures. The mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by conducting tensile tests at room temperature (RT), 100, 200, and 300°C. Hardness tests were performed at room temperature on the samples which were taken from tensile test specimens after tensile tests. The potential effects of test temperature on mechanical and microstructural properties were examined. The annealed and RRA heat treated alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. As a result, an increase in strength and hardness of the RRA treated AA7075 alloys was observed. Ductility of the RRA alloy was lower compared to the annealed AA7075 alloy. Fracture surface examinations showed that there was a semi-ductile fracture below 200°C and ductile fracture at temperatures of 200 and 300°C. Ductility was observed to increase with increasing temperature.
Quality of Movement Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Physically Inactive Older Women
Authors: Sobrinho Andressa Crystine da Silva , de Almeida Mariana Luciano , Silva Vagner Ramon Rodrigues , Rodrigues Guilherme da Silva , Rodrigues Karine Pereira , Monteiro Camila de Paula , Bueno Júnior Carlos Roberto 
Published: June 2021

The relationship between the quality of movement, considering different global and universal basic patterns of movement and cognition domains in older adults remain unclear. The current study explored this association in physically inactive older women. In total, 187 participants, aged 60–70 years (mean = 64.9, SD = 6.9 years), were recruited from a physical education program in a public university. The older adults performed the following tests: Functional Movement Screen, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Modified Baecke Questionnaire for the Older Adults. The regression analysis showed an association between age (β = −0.11, 95% confidence interval, CI, [−0.10, 0.30], p = .03); visuospatial abilities (β = 0.36, 95% CI [0.24, 1.23], p < .001); language (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.20, 1.08], p < .001); and orientation domains (β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.11, 1.22], p = .016) of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Functional Movement Screen. The quality of movement was related to both age and cognitive performance, such as the visuospatial abilities, language, and orientation domains, in physically inactive older women.
Petrographic and chemical studies of the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sequence at El Guayal, Tabasco, Mexico: Implications for ejecta plume evolution from the Chicxulub impact crater
Authors: Salge Tobias , Tagle Roald , Schmitt Ralf-Thomas , Hecht Lutz 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A combined petrographic and chemical study of ejecta particles from the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sequence of El Guayal, Tabasco, Mexico (520 km SW of Chicxulub crater), was carried out to assess their formation conditions and genetic relation during the impact process. The reaction of silicate ejecta particles with hot volatiles during atmospheric transport may have induced alteration processes, e.g., silicification and cementation, observed in the ejecta deposits. The various microstructures of calcite ejecta particles are interpreted to reflect different thermal histories at postshock conditions. Spherulitic calcite particles may represent carbonate melts that were quenched during ejection. A recrystallized microstructure may indicate short, intense thermal stress. Various aggregates document particle-particle interactions and intermixing of components from lower silicate and upper sedimentary target lithologies. Aggregates of recrystallized calcite with silicate melt indicate the consolidation of a hot suevitic component with sediments at ≳750 °C. Accretionary lapilli formed in a turbulent, steam-condensing environment at ~100 °C by aggregation of solid, ash-sized particles. Concentric zones with smaller grain sizes of accreted particles indicate a recurring exchange with a hotter environment.
Our results suggest that during partial ejecta plume collapse, hot silicate components were mixed with the fine fraction of local surface-derived sediments, the latter of which were displaced by the preceding ejecta curtain. These processes sustained a hot, gas-driven, lateral basal transport that was accompanied by a turbulent plume at a higher level. The exothermic back-reaction of CaO from decomposed carbonates and sulfates with CO2 to form CaCO3 may have been responsible for a prolonged release of thermal energy at a late stage of plume evolution.