bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roads and forest edges facilitate yellow fever virus dispersion
Authors: Ribeiro Prist Paula , Reverberi Tambosi Leandro , Filipe Mucci Luís , Pinter Adriano , Pereira de Souza Renato , de Lara Muylaert Renata , Roger Rhodes Jonathan , Henrique Comin César , da Fontoura Costa Luciando , Lang D'Agostini Tatiana , Telles de Deus Juliana , Pavão Mônica , Port‐Carvalho Márcio , Del Castillo Saad Leila , Mureb Sallum Maria Anice , Fernandes Spinola Roberta Maria , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Landscape connectivity is important for a wide range of ecological processes, including to disease spread, once it describes the degree to which landscapes facilitate or impede vector and hosts dispersion. Understanding connectivity is extremely important to identify where pathogens can move, and at what speed, allowing the organization of vaccination campaigns or other preventive measures.

To better understand the effects of landscape connectivity on yellow fever virus (YFV) dispersion in Brazil, we used a network approach and modelled the movement of non‐human primates' cases, the so‐called epizootic events, over time. The networks consider each epizootic event as a node and the dispersion between nodes as links. Those links were established considering, respectively, the date of each epizootic event, the distance among the nodes and the permeability of the landscape between each pair of nodes.

Our results demonstrated that on average YFV dispersed 1.42 km/day, with the largest movement being 6.9 km/day. Dispersions were longer in summer (1.2 km/day) than in winter (0.22 km/day). Most dispersal movements occurred up to 1 km/day (71%) and within a week after the arrival of the virus in the source node (73%), except in winter, where dispersions occurred within a period of up to 20 days. The best model indicates that YFV disperses mainly through roads adjacent to forest areas, and along forest edges (within a range of 100 m) in interface with agricultural areas, water and forestry areas. Core areas of urban, agricultural and forest regions were important barriers for virus movement.

Synthesis and applications. Through landscape connectivity analyses, we provided here the first evidence that highly fragmented landscapes with a wide road network and large densities of forest edges facilitate yellow fever virus propagation, and that the maintenance of large blocks of forest can help to inhibit this spread. These results can contribute to guide forest restoration and landscape management actions in order to amplify health benefits related to restoration projects, in addition to their benefits for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.
Feedbacks between forest structure and an opportunistic fungal pathogen
Authors: Lee Christopher A. , Holdo Ricardo M. , Muzika Rose‐Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Abiotic stresses, physiological dysfunction, forest stand dynamics and primary tree attackers (native and non‐native) are all recognized as important contributors to both anomalous tree mortality and background tree mortality, and thus as important influences on biogeochemical cycling and habitat for associated terrestrial organisms. Opportunistic and latent tree pathogens and insect pests have largely been left out of this discussion, probably because they are difficult to monitor and their effects sometimes more diffuse, yet they play important roles in tree mortality scenarios.

We know very little about the influence of biotic gradients, for example, forest dynamics and forest structure, on the occurrence and effects of these opportunistic biotic enemies. To better understand the influence of an important biotic gradient—forest structure as represented by tree density and competition—on the occurrence and distribution of a typical opportunistic pathogen, we analysed the relationship between tree neighbourhood competition and soil‐dwelling rhizomorphs of the fungus Armillaria gallica in regenerating (20‐year‐old) and mature (80‐ to 100‐year‐old) hardwood‐dominated forest stands in central Missouri following a severe drought.

We detected A. gallica rhizomorphs in twice as many sampling sites in young (dense) plots as in mature (open) plots, and by contrast found a twofold occurrence of other saprophytic fungi in the soil of mature plots compared to young plots. Mean tree density and competition index were significantly higher in subplots where A. gallica was found than in those with no A. gallica detections, and the pattern of A. gallica occurrence tracked closely with the occurrence of dense ‘hotspots’ of competition in the plots.

Synthesis. Early stages of forest structure and succession—potentially through initial inputs of disturbance‐produced woody biomass, increased host connectivity and competition‐influenced host tree susceptibility to fungal colonization—provide important feedbacks to A. gallica foraging, which in turn influences forest development. The recognition that tree density and competition influence A. gallica foraging suggests that, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of forest growth, development, tree mortality and biogeochemical cycling, it may be necessary to increase life‐history studies and basic occurrence surveys for opportunistic tree pathogens and insect pests.
Evaluation of the baseline carbon sequestration rates of Indo‐Pacific temperate and tropical seagrass meadow sediments
Authors: Miyajima Toshihiro , Hamaguchi Masami , Hori Masakazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeagrass meadows have great capacity to sequester and store organic carbon (OC) in sediments for the long term and have been considered as a carbon dioxide sink for national greenhouse gas inventories in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine a reliable, well‐constrained estimate of the baseline long‐term OC sequestration (burial) rate in seagrass meadows, evaluate its spatial and temporal variability, and understand the mechanisms that control the variability. Here, we report data on OC stocks and long‐term sequestration rates for 14 selected sediment cores collected from temperate and tropical seagrass meadows and adjacent bare areas in Japan and Thailand. We also tested several different radiocarbon dating calibration methods to evaluate sedimentation rates and identified potential complicating factors. The estimated OC sequestration rate ranged from 3.7 to 161 kg C ha−1 year−1, which is generally lower and less variable than reported global representative values, presumably because of differences in the time scale considered. The OC sequestration rate for temperate seagrass meadows was correlated with the average specific surface area of sediment, implying that geophysical and hydrodynamic factors constrain the long‐term OC sequestration rate. The baseline OC sequestration rate may be better constrained by the method used here, focusing on time scales of centuries to millennia, while the evaluation of OC sequestration on shorter time scales may be more suitable for assessing the environmental additionality of climate mitigation efforts based on blue carbon manipulation.
The Future of Employment: Purposive Interpretation and the Role of Contract after Uber
Authors: Atkinson Joe , Dhorajiwala Hitesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA person's entitlement to workplace rights and protections under English law is conditional on their relationship falling within the legal category of employment, by virtue of them having the requisite status. The employment status of individuals performing on‐demand work via digital platforms is particularly contentious and has been a focal point for debate in recent years. The Supreme Court decision in Uber BV v Aslam represents a ground‐breaking judgment on this issue, which has radical implications for the correct approach to determining employment status more generally. It is argued here that, while leaving some important questions unanswered, the purposive and relational approach to employment status developed by the Supreme Court in Uber BV v Aslam is to be welcomed, and that this new approach has far‐reaching consequences for the future of the legal category of employment.
Productivity impacts of hybrid rice seeds in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Chau Trinh , Scrimgeour Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExpanding the availability of hybrid rice varieties has been regarded as the most important measure addressing food security in developing Asian countries. The success story of hybrid rice production in China motivated the Vietnamese government to import hybrid seeds in an effort to increase rice productivity. Despite increased use of hybrid rice seeds and rising input intensity, rice productivity growth has slowed since 2006. Using a ten‐year balanced panel of households with changing adoption status, we estimate productivity impacts of hybrid rice adoption. We combine propensity score matching in adoption decisions with fixed‐effects estimators to control for heterogeneity in farming household and farmland characteristics. The frontier models are specified to allow for direct comparisons of the base productivity, factor productivity, and technical efficiency between hybrid and the current high‐yielding varieties. Our major finding is that hybrid rice varieties provide no productivity superiority over high‐yielding inbred seeds in our sample. A substantial technical efficiency gap (35%) exists in rice production, suggesting a potential benefit of improvements in management skills with the existing technology.
A project‐based learning approach to promote innovation and academic entrepreneurship in a master's degree in food engineering
Authors: Oliveira Leandro , Cardoso Eduardo L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurship brings several benefits, such as fostering innovation and productivity, competitiveness, and socioeconomic development. The search for professionals with different skills to overcome the current and foreseen challenges is relevant in the agri‐food sector. Problem‐based learning (PBL) is described as an instructional approach, which promotes interdisciplinarity and critical thinking, with the potential to meet current challenges. This article describes how PBL, aligned with an innovation program and contest, has been integrated into a master's degree in food engineering to promote academic entrepreneurship. The alignment of the PBL with the program and contest allowed the development of innovative products with a view to solving problems faced by the agri‐food sector. The PBL strategy allowed students to mobilize knowledge from several curricular units of food studies for the development of different deliverables to participate in the innovation program and contest. This participation allowed students, supported by business mentors, to demonstrate their products to stakeholders. This way, it was possible to promote innovation in the agri‐food sector, stimulating the entrepreneurial spirit among higher education students, and understand its potential for replication and mobilization of skills acquired in different food study courses.
Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates
Authors: Abd Al Galil Fahd Mohammed , Al‐Keridis Lamya Ahmed , AL‐Mekhlafi Fahd A. , Al‐Shuraym Laila A. , Alhag Sadeq K. , Ali El Hadi Mohamed Rania , Wadaan Muhammad A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChrysomya saffranea is an insect that is important in criminal forensics as it plays a large role in decomposition on human cadavers. In this paper, the different developmental stages of C. saffranea flies were studied in the laboratory on different food, such as meat, liver, fat tissue and mixed food, to test whether these media affect the development of their larvae and have an impact on the calculation of the post‐mortem interval. Our results indicated a significant growth enhancement among flies that fed on the mixed food (pure fat, meat and liver minced in equal proportions) compared with those that fed on minced (pure fat tissues, pure meat of and minced liver) of buffalo. The present results also confirmed the impact of food on the growth of C. saffranea, as well as the post‐mortem interval PMI.
Effect of Revtech thermal processing on volatile organic compounds and chemical characteristics of split yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) flour
Authors: Fahmi Ronak , Ryland Donna , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Malcolmson Linda , Shariati‐Ievari Shiva , McElrea April , Barthet Veronique , Blewett Heather , Aliani Michel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractYellow pea (Pisumsativum L.) is an economically rich source of nutrients with health‐promoting effects. However, the consumption of pea ingredients is minimal due to their off‐flavor characteristics. The present study investigated the effect of Revtech heat treatment on the chemical profile and volatile compounds in split yellow pea flour. Revtech treatment (RT) was applied at 140°C with a residence time of 4 min in dry condition (RT 0%) and in the presence of 10% steam (RT 10%). Both thermal treatments resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in lipoxygenase activity and the concentration of key beany‐related odors such as heptanal, (E)‐2‐heptenal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, octanal, and (E)‐2‐octenal. In addition, RT 10% resulted in a significant reduction in pentanal, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, hexanal, and 1‐hexanol compared to untreated flour. The content of known precursors of lipoxygenase such as linoleic and linolenic acids was found in higher concentrations in heat‐treated flours, indicating the efficacy of Revtech technology in minimizing the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. No significant changes in the amino acid composition or the 29 selected phenolic compounds in pea flours were observed with Revtech processing except for two compounds, caffeic acid and gallocatechin, which were found at higher concentrations in RT 0%.Practical ApplicationThermal processing of split yellow pea flours at 140°C using Revtech technology successfully decreased the concentrations of volatile compounds responsible for beany off‐flavor while improving the nutritional quality of studied yellow pea flours. These results provide valuable information to the food industry for developing novel pulse‐based products with enhanced sensory characteristics.
A comparison of the stress hyperglycemia ratio, glycemic gap, and glucose to assess the impact of stress‐induced hyperglycemia on ischemic stroke outcome
Authors: Roberts Gregory , Sires James , Chen Angela , Thynne Tilenka , Sullivan Cheyne , Quinn Stephen , Chen Won Sun , Meyer Emily 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare metrics specific for stress‐induced hyperglycemia (SIH) with glucose for predicting ischemic stroke outcome.MethodsThis observational retrospective study (n = 300) included patients acutely hospitalized for ischemic stroke over a 3.8‐year period. We assessed the association between acute ischemic stroke outcome with the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR, relative increase in glycemia) and glycemic gap (GG, absolute increase in glycemia) using admission values and 5‐day maximum values, along with incidence of poor outcome above recognized clinical thresholds of glucose 10 mmol/L, SHR 1.14, and GG 2.5 mmol/L.ResultsAt admission, only SHR was associated with outcome after adjustment for clinical covariates (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.05‐7.91; P = .041), while glucose or GG were not. Admission SHR ≥ 1.14 was also an indicator of poor outcome (39.1% vs 23.4%, P = .016), but not glucose ≥10 mmol/L or GG ≥ 2.5 mmol/L. All 5‐day maximum glucose metrics were associated with outcome, as was any SHR ≥ 1.14 (40.9% vs 20.1%, P < .001) or GG ≥ 2.5 mmol/L (42.9% vs 23.4%, P = .011), but not glucose ≥10 mmol/L. Increased comorbidity was strongly associated with worse outcome (P < .001) in all models.ConclusionsSHR provided the best prognostic insight at admission to assess the relationship between SIH and ischemic stroke outcome. Absolute glucose levels failed to account for natural interpatient variation in background glycemia and provided little prognostic insight. To assess the impact of SIH, future interventional studies need to be designed using designated markers of SIH such as SHR in preference to absolute glucose.
Cardiovascular disease and risk of incident diabetes mellitus: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Missikpode Celestin , Durazo‐Arvizu Ramon A. , Cooper Richard S. , OʼBrien Matthew James , Castaneda Sheila F. , Talavera Gregory A. , Gallo Linda C. , Llabre Maria M. , Perera Marisa J. , Perreira Krista M. , Ricardo Ana C. , Pirzada Amber , Lash James P. , Daviglus Martha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies have reported an association between prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, factors that may explain the association remain unclear. We examined the association of prevalent CVD with incident DM and assessed whether weight gain and medication use may explain the association.MethodsData from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Visit 1 (2008‐2011) and Visit 2 (2014‐2017) were used to compare incidence of DM among individuals with and without self‐reported CVD at Visit 1. A total of 1899 individuals with self‐reported CVD were matched to controls free of self‐reported CVD at Visit 1 using 1:1 propensity score matching. Covariates included in the propensity model were sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, comorbid conditions, and study site. The effect of self‐reported CVD on incident DM was examined using a generalized estimating equation. The mediating effects of weight gain and use of cardiovascular medications were evaluated.ResultsCovariate distributions were similar among individuals with and without self‐reported CVD. The incidence of DM among persons with self‐reported CVD was 15.3% vs 12.7% among those without self‐reported CVD. Compared to individuals without self‐reported CVD, individuals with self‐reported CVD had a 24% increased risk for incident DM (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.51). The association between self‐reported CVD and DM was mediated by the use of beta‐blockers (proportion explained = 25.4%), statins (proportion explained = 18%), and diuretics (proportion explained = 8%). We found that weight gain did not explain the observed association.ConclusionsPrevalent cardiovascular disease was associated with a significant increased risk of incident diabetes. The observed association was partially explained by some medications used to manage CVD.
Afatinib treatment response in advanced lung adenocarcinomas harboring uncommon mutations
Authors: Li Teng , Wang Shouzheng , Ying Jianming , Wang Yan , Hu Xingsheng , Hao Xuezhi , Xu Ziyi , Xing Puyuan , Li Junling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the prognosis of mutant lung cancer; however, the clinical application value of TKIs for nonclassical EGFR mutation is unclear, especially for patients with rare uncommon mutations.MethodsA retrospective study based on electronic medical records was conducted to collect data on the effectiveness of afatinib in patients with stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) bearing uncommon mutations between January 2017 and January 2021.ResultsForty‐two patients with uncommon mutations treated with afatinib were enrolled. The objective response rate (ORR) was 50.0% (10 of 20 patients). The median time to treatment failure (TTF) was 11.7 months (95% confidence interval = 8.5–18.3 months). Of the 42 patients, the median TTF was 15.0, 11.7, and 16.6 months in patients with Gly719Xaa (G719X), Ser768Ile (S768I), and Leu861Gln (L861Q) mutations, respectively. In patients with the rare uncommon mutation, the median TTF was 10.0 months, and the ORR was 50.0%. Afatinib demonstrated clinical activity across a set type of specific rare uncommon mutations, including EGFR L747P, A767_V769dup, and L833V/H835L, with a case having a TTF of more than 1 year. Molecular profiling reports of 16 afatinib‐resistant biopsy samples were available, and the secondary T790M mutation was detected in one patient with L833V/H835L mutation and one harboring S768I/L858R mutation.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that afatinib is effective in patients with uncommon mutations. Mechanisms of afatinib resistance vary and need further investigation.
DNA methylation‐based biomarkers of aging were slowed down in a two‐year diet and physical activity intervention trial: the DAMA study
Authors: Fiorito Giovanni , Caini Saverio , Palli Domenico , Bendinelli Benedetta , Saieva Calogero , Ermini Ilaria , Valentini Virginia , Assedi Melania , Rizzolo Piera , Ambrogetti Daniela , Ottini Laura , Masala Giovanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral biomarkers of healthy aging have been proposed in recent years, including the epigenetic clocks, based on DNA methylation (DNAm) measures, which are getting increasingly accurate in predicting the individual biological age. The recently developed “next‐generation clock” DNAmGrimAge outperforms “first‐generation clocks” in predicting longevity and the onset of many age‐related pathological conditions and diseases. Additionally, the total number of stochastic epigenetic mutations (SEMs), also known as the epigenetic mutation load (EML), has been proposed as a complementary DNAm‐based biomarker of healthy aging. A fundamental biological property of epigenetic, and in particular DNAm modifications, is the potential reversibility of the effect, raising questions about the possible slowdown of epigenetic aging by modifying one's lifestyle. Here, we investigated whether improved dietary habits and increased physical activity have favorable effects on aging biomarkers in healthy postmenopausal women. The study sample consists of 219 women from the “Diet, Physical Activity, and Mammography” (DAMA) study: a 24‐month randomized factorial intervention trial with DNAm measured twice, at baseline and the end of the trial. Women who participated in the dietary intervention had a significant slowing of the DNAmGrimAge clock, whereas increasing physical activity led to a significant reduction of SEMs in crucial cancer‐related pathways. Our study provides strong evidence of a causal association between lifestyle modification and slowing down of DNAm aging biomarkers. This randomized trial elucidates the causal relationship between lifestyle and healthy aging‐related epigenetic mechanisms.