bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Association of Self-Reported Physical Activity with Peripheral Arterial Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Database
Authors: Aldhahi Monira Ibrahim , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Alqahtani Abdulfattah Saeed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Engaging in physical activity (PA) has been proved to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. In patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), diminished PA predicts high overall mortality. However, it is unknown to what extent participation in PA is associated with PAD severity. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study was to investigate the association between PAD severity and PA levels using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) database.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional cohort study that included 495 participants with PAD and a total of 14,536 participants without PAD from the HCHS/SOL database. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered to assess the time spent weekly in performing moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during work, leisure time, and transportation. The Ankle–Brachial Index (ABI) was used to measure PAD. PA status was categorized on the basis of MVPA as follows: physically active (MVPA ≥ 150 min) and physically inactive (combined MVPA < 150 min). Eventually, the total sample was then classified as follows: normal ABI and physically active, normal ABI but physically inactive, PAD and physically active, and PAD but physically inactive. Regression models were used to investigate the association between different types of PA and the severity of PAD.
Results
Of the participants, 235 (47%) were involved in no to insufficient PA, and 260 (53%) engaged in at least 150 min/week of MVPA. The majority of participants (54%) with mild PAD were physically active, and 58% of those with severe PAD were physically inactive. After adjustment for covariates (age, sex, education, smoking status, body mass index, and statins), inactive people with a diagnosis of PAD were more likely to have severe PAD (β = .79, p = .02). In addition, decreases in work-related PA, total metabolic equivalents, and total PA were associated with increased PAD severity.
Conclusions
It was found that MVPA patterns were associated with PAD severity, and they explained high severity among patients with PAD who were physically inactive. These findings highlight the necessity of interventions in increasing PA in these participants. Future studies are required to identify appropriate exercise regimens or home-based programs to help patients with severe PAD meet the current PA recommendations.
Spinoglenoid notched ganglion cyst with a subtle SLAP tear, and acromio-humeral impingement findings veiling the real radiological picture: An MRI lesson
Authors: Dogan Emrah , Aydoğmuş Hüseyin , Aydoğmuş Sinem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spinoglenoid notch ganglion cyst (SNGC) is a rare shoulder cystic lesion. It is usually associated with superior labrum anteroposterior (SLAP) tears. SNGC can typically cause compression of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch. The aim of our paper is to draw attention to the relation of SNGC cyst with SLAP tears and to raise awareness so that accompanying low-grade labral tears are not overlooked. In addition, since these findings usually accompanied by acromioclavicular joint hypertrophy, the clinic table accidentally can be linked with impingement. The patient applied to our hospital with a complaint of weakness and mild pain in his arm. External rotation was difficult in the examination. Linear type I SLAP tear associated with degeneration was detected. The radiological findings of SLAP tear were subtle, and there were additional findings that could be interpreted as impingement. A lobulated and multiloculated cyst was observed in the supraglenoid notch.
Coordination of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) Ions to Nylon 6/flax Linum Composite as a Route of Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Moja NT , Mishra SB , Hwang SS , Tsai TY , Mishra Ajay Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nylon 6 (PA6) reinforced Flax Linum composites were synthesized by melt mix extrusion and molded through Mucell\ ® injection technique for adsorption application for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions. The structural morphologies of all samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmittance emission microscopy (TEM) and Scanning emission microscopy (SEM), indicating crystallized materials with pore-like cells and Thermographic analysis (TGA) illustrated the thermally stable., Microscopic PA6 revealed the effects of Flax content on both cell density and cell size of the foamed samples. The cell size of neat PA6 (48 μm) changed to 36, 17, and 15 μm after incorporation of Flax compositions for 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%. The removal of Cd(II)and Pb(II) with PA6/Flax 1.0 wt% composite was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The results indicated that PA6 1.0 wt% composite can be efficiently used as a superabsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution.
Unscented Kalman Filter and Control in TSE(3) with Applications to Spacecraft Dynamics
Authors: Wittal Matthew Michael , Mangiacapra Gennaro , Nazari Morad , Capello Elisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel rigid-body spacecraft navigation and control architecture within the framework of special Euclidean group SE(3) and its tangent bundle TSE(3) while considering stochastic processes in the system. The proposed framework combines the orbit-attitude motions of the spacecraft into a single, compact set. The stochastic state filter is designed based on the unscented Kalman filter which uses a special retraction function to encode the sigma points onto the manifold. The navigation system is then integrated to an almost globally asymptotically stabilizing Morse-Lyapunov-based control system with backstepping. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed navigation filter for the full state estimation. In addition, the navigation and control system is tested in the nonlinear gravity field of a small celestial body with an irregular shape. In particular, the performance of the closed-loop system is studied in a tracking problem of spacecraft motion near the asteroid Bennu based on the OSIRIS-REx's mission data.
Hybrid therapy versus Total En Bloc Spondyectomy in the treatment of Solitary Radioresistant Spinal Metastases：A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Zheng Jianping , Wu Longyun , Shi Jiandang , Niu Ningkui , Yang Zongqiang , Ding Huiqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Both hybrid therapy (HT) and total en bloc spondylectomy (TES)can lead to good results for solitary radioresistant metastatic spinal tumors with high-grade epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC). However, there is still a lack of comparative studies on the treatment efficacy of these two methods.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients with the above-mentioned tumors between January 2012 and May 2019. A total of 157 patients underwent surgery, among whom 64 received HT, and 93 were treated with TES. Propensity score matching allowed the generation of best-matched pairs for the 2 categories (1:1 ratio). Local control rates and survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results

All patients received a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The longest follow-up time was 88 months. The survival rates and local progression-free survival rates after HT were comparable with TES at 1 year (84.6% vs. 83.1%; 90.2% vs. 90%), 2 year (60.8% vs. 64.3%; 64.1% vs. 62.1%), and 5 year (18.8% vs. 24.1%; 24.4% vs. 28.4%). There were no significant differences in pain control, improvement of neurological status, spine stabilization restoration, and improvement in quality of life between groups. However, HT showed more advantages in shortening operative time and reducing intraoperative blood loss than TES.
Conclusion

Our results suggest that HT can obtain satisfactory results comparable to TES for solitary radioresistant metastatic spinal tumors with high-grade ESCC. In addition, compared with TES, HT has the advantages of shortening operative time and reducing perioperative complications. For solitary radioresistant metastatic spinal tumors with a high degree of ESCC, HT may be a promising treatment in the future.
Influence of Traumatic Brain Injury on Extracellular Tau Elimination at the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Eisenbaum Maxwell , Pearson Andrew , Gratkowski Arissa , Mouzon Benoit , Mullan Michael , Crawford Fiona , Ojo Joseph , Bachmeier Corbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Repetitive head trauma has been associated with the accumulation of tau species in the brain. Our prior work showed brain vascular mural cells contribute to tau processing in the brain, and that these cells progressively degenerate following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). The current studies investigated the role of the cerebrovasculature in the elimination of extracellular tau from the brain, and the influence of r-mTBI on these processes. Following intracranial injection, the levels of exogenous tau residing in the brain were elevated in a mouse model of r-mTBI at 12 months post-injury compared to r-sham mice, indicating reduced tau elimination from the brain following head trauma. This may be the result of decreased caveolin-1 mediated tau efflux at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as the caveolin inhibitor, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, significantly reduced tau uptake in isolated cerebrovessels and significantly decreased the basolateral-to-apical transit of tau across an in vitro model of the BBB. Moreover, we found that the upstream regulator of endothelial caveolin-1, Mfsd2a, was elevated in r-mTBI cerebrovessels compared to r-sham, which coincided with a decreased expression of cerebrovascular caveolin-1 at 6 months post-injury. Lastly, angiopoietin-1, a mural cell-derived protein governing endothelial Mfsd2a expression, was secreted to a greater extent from r-mTBI cerebrovessels compared to r-sham animals. Thus, in the chronic phase post-injury, release of angiopoietin-1 from degenerating mural cells downregulates caveolin-1 expression in brain endothelia, resulting in decreased tau elimination across the BBB, which may describe the accumulation of tau species in the brain following head trauma.
A distance-based microfluidic paper-based biosensor for glucose measurements in tear range
Authors: Allameh Samira , Rabbani Mohsen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has increased over the past years. Therefore, developing minimally invasive, user-friendly and cost-effective glucose biosensors is necessary especially in low-income and developing countries. Cellulose paper-based analytical devices have attracted the attention of many researchers due to affordability, not requiring trained personnel, and complex equipment. This paper describes a microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the detection of glucose in tear with the naked eye. The paper-based biosensor fabricated by laser CO2, and GOx/HRP enzymatic solution coupled with TMB was utilized as reagents. A sample volume of 10 µl was needed for the biosensor operation and the results were observable within 5 minutes. To evaluate the device performance, color intensity-based and distance-based results were analyzed by ImageJ and Tracker. Distance-based results showed a linear behavior in the range of 0.1–0.6 mM with an R2 = 0.967 and LOD of 0.2 mM. The results could be perceived by the naked eye without any need to further equipment or trained personnel in a relatively short time (3–5 minutes). Moreover, glucose concentration could be obtained non-invasively by tears collected by this µPAD.
The Effectiveness of Antiepileptic Drug Treatment in Glioma Patients: Lamotrigine Versus Lacosamide
Authors: Opijnen Mark van , Meer Pim van der , Dirven Linda , Fiocco Marta , Kouwenhoven Mathilde , Bent Martin van den , Taphoorn Martin , Koekkoek Johan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Optimal treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is an important part of care for brain tumor patients with epileptic seizures. Lamotrigine and lacosamide are both examples of frequently used non-enzyme inducing AEDs with limited to no drug-drug interactions, reducing the risk of unfavorable side effects. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of lamotrigine versus lacosamide.Methods: In this multicenter study we retrospectively analyzed data of patients with diffuse grade 2-4 glioma with epileptic seizures. All patients received either lamotrigine or lacosamide during the course of their disease after treatment failure of first-line monotherapy with levetiracetam or valproic acid. Primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of treatment failure, from initiation of lamotrigine or lacosamide, with death as competing event, for which a competing risk model was used. Secondary outcomes were uncontrolled seizures after AED initiation and level of toxicity.Results: We included a total of 139 patients of whom 61 (44%) used lamotrigine and 78 (56%) used lacosamide. At 12 months, there was no statistically significant difference in the cumulative incidence of treatment failure for any reason between lamotrigine and lacosamide: 38% (95%CI: 26-51%) versus 30% (95%CI: 20-41%), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for treatment failure of lacosamide compared to lamotrigine was 0.84 (95%CI: 0.46-1.56). The cumulative incidences of treatment failure due to uncontrolled seizures (18% versus 11%) and due to adverse events (17% versus 19%) did not differ significantly between lamotrigine and lacosamide. Conclusion: Lamotrigine and lacosamide show similar effectiveness in diffuse glioma patients with epilepsy.
Validity and risk factor analysis for helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS): The emergency call dispatch of Japanese air ambulances (Doctor-HeliTM️)
Authors: YAMADA Noriaki , KITAGAWA Yuichiro , YOSHIDA Takahiro , NACHI Sho , OKADA Hideshi , OGURA Shinji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:Some emergency departments use triage scales, such as the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale and the JUST, to detect the status of life-threatening situations. However, these triage systems have not been used for aeromedical services in Japan. Therefore, we investigated these profiles and conducted a pilot study.Method:We retrospectively evaluated the helicopter emergency medical service cases from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2020 at Gifu University Hospital using our mission record. In this study, we only evaluated cases that dealt with internal medicine. We excluded cases that were influenced by external factors such as trauma or cases that included hospital-to-hospital transportation, focusing only on prehospital care. We evaluated the validity of medical emergencies such as emergency interventions and the necessity of hospital admission. In addition, we evaluated the validity of the suggested diagnoses and the associated risk factors.Result:A total of 451 cases were suitable for inclusion in the study. In the analysis for all emergency calls, 235 (52.11%) needed emergency intervention and 300 (64.4%) required hospital admission. The suggested diagnosis was valid for 261 (57.87%) cases. After the first assessment by emergency medical technicians (EMTs), 75 cases were removed from the analysis.Therefore, the results of the analysis for all emergency calls requiring emergency intervention were: 52.31%, need admission: 70.26%, and the suggested diagnosis was valid for 69.41% of cases. Results of a multivariate analysis of some key variables identified risk factors for emergency intervention, namely, age, under sports, and gasping. Hospital admission risk factors are being years old only. The suggested diagnosis was only valid in under sports situations.In the first analysis, the risk factors for emergency intervention are years old, being male, under sports, and gasping, and for hospital admission they are years old, being male, detecting stroke symptoms, and disturbance of consciousness. The suggested diagnosis was only valid in under sports situations.Conclusion:There are some “second” keywords/phrases that predict medical emergencies. Therefore, the dispatch commander should gather these keyword/phrases to assess.
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Escape Mutation Q493r After Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab Treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Novazzi Federica , Genoni Angelo , Dentali Francesco , gasperina Daniela Dalla , Baj Andreina , Maggi Fabrizio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants are usually a consequence of random mutations in humans or other hosts, but accelerated evolution can also occur under selective pressure from therapeutic interventions with neutralizing antibodies1. Bamlanivimab has been recently withdrawn from the vendor as a monotherapy because of failure against E484K-positive SARS-CoV-2 variants, but emergency use authorization remains in place for the bamlanivimab/etesevimab cocktail2, for which no completely resistant variant has been reported to date. We report here the first in vivo case of a Spike escape mutation conferring combined resistance to both bamlanivimab and etesevimab.
RF and microwave variable waveform generator based on photonics with an integrated 49GHz FSR Kerr micro-comb source
Authors: Moss David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report a photonic-based radio frequency (RF) arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) using a soliton crystal micro-comb source with a free spectral range (FSR) of 48.9 GHz. The comb source provides over 80 wavelengths, or channels, that we use to successfully achieve arbitrary waveform shapes including square waveforms with a tunable duty ratio ranging from 10–90%, sawtooth waveforms with a tunable slope ratio of 0.2 to 1, and a symmetric concave quadratic chirp waveform with an instantaneous frequency of sub GHz. We achieve good agreement between theory and experiment, validating the effectiveness of this approach towards realizing high-performance, broad bandwidth, nearly user-defined RF waveform generation.
The Role of Renewable Energy and Ecological Footprint on Economic Growth in Francophone African Countries in presence of Institutions
Authors: Nulambeh* Ndzembanteh Aboubakary , Eryiğit Kadir Yasin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper targets to examine the impact of renewable energy and ecological footprint on economic growth in 14 selected French-speaking countries in Africa. The study contributes to the ongoing debate in the literature on environment growth-nexus by providing evidence that economic growth emerges with environmental degradations and can be improved when there is a robust institutional framework. The present research used the generalized method of moments (GMM) to assess a dynamic growth model with data from 2007 to 2015. The results demonstrate that renewable energy is significant and negatively related to economic growth, which implies that renewable energy sources lower the per capita income growth in these countries. Meanwhile, the ecological footprint is positive and statistically significant in impacting economic growth in the long run. For institutions, we find that voice and accountability, political stability, and the rule of law are positive and statistically significant in influencing economic growth. Consequently, it is recommended that policymakers in this region develop dual policies that raise institutions' quality with minimal emissions of greenhouse gases.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students in Sudan, 2020
Authors: Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Shareef Ahd Alaaeldin Hussain , Al-lahawi Ala'a Mirghani Babiker , Alhaj Hassan Hamed Mohammed , Ali Khalid Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current COVID-2019 pandemic is prompting fear of falling sick, dying, helplessness and stigma so urgent and timely understanding of mental health status is needed to help the community. The aim of our study is to assess the psychological impact of COVID19 pandemic on medical students in Sudan. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional descriptive research was done among medical student in Sudan during COVID 19 pandemic in August 2020. DASS-21 scales were used to determine the level of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students through an online questionnaire, their responses were taken relatable to 21 items of DASS scale. The data was analyzed by means of SPPS version 25.0. Results: The mean (SD) age of our study participants was 21.8 (2.4) with female to male ratio of 2.1. Most of the participants were residing during the time the of the study in middle stats of Sudan (50.8%) and 83% were staying with their families. Interestingly, more than 40.5% of the study participants were free of depression while more than 13% had extremely severe depression. On the other hand, only 4.4% had extremely severe stress. However, anxiety ranked the higher numbers with 23% had extremely severe anxiety. Adjusted linear regression model revealed that lower levels in the medical school and open colleges during the lock down period were associated with more anxiety (p value 0.01,0.006 respectively), while having a family member working in the medical field is associated with less stress (p value 0.02). Conclusion : Our study provides good idea about the magnitude of the psychological burden upon medical students during the COVID- 19 pandemic and showed many factors that can inﬂuence mental health so as to emphasize the need to adopt new strategies to improve psychological services. In addition, it's important to support high-risk groups especially those with preexisting mental illness to offer advanced psychological interventions. So our study can be used to construct and formulate a psychological intervention and implement mental health strategies directed toward vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes
Authors: Luo Zhongkui , Xiao Liujun , Wang Guocheng , Chang Jinfeng , Chen Yaoyao , Guo Xiaowei , Mao Xiali , Wang Mingming , Zhang Shuai , Shi Zhou , Luo Yiqi , Cheng Lei , Yu Kailiang , Mo Fei , Jia Shengyao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.