bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Position Change From the Bed to a Wheelchair on the Regional Ventilation Distribution Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Patients With Respiratory Failure
Authors: Yuan Siyi , Chi Yi , Long Yun , He Huaiwu , Zhao Zhanqi 
Published: November 2021

Background: There is limited knowledge about the effect of position change on regional lung ventilation in patients with respiratory failure. This study aimed to examine the physiological alteration of regional lung ventilation during the position change from lying in bed to sitting on a wheelchair.Methods: In this study, 41 patients with respiratory failure who were weaned from the ventilators were prospectively enrolled. The electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was used to assess the regional lung ventilation distribution at four time points (Tbase: baseline, supine position in the bed, T30min: sitting position in the wheelchair after 30 min, T60min: sitting position in the wheelchair after 60 min, Treturn: the same supine position in the bed after position changing). The EIT-based global inhomogeneity (GI) and center of ventilation (CoV) indices were calculated. The EIT images were equally divided into four ventral-to-dorsal horizontal regions of interest (ROIs 1–4). Depending on the improvement in ventilation distribution in the dependent regions at T60min (threshold set to 15%), the patients were divided into the dorsal ventilation improved (DVI) and not improved (non-DVI) groups.Results: When the patients moved from the bed to a wheelchair, there was a significant and continuous increase in ventilation in the dorsal regions (ROI 3 + 4: 45.9 ± 12.1, 48.7 ± 11.6, 49.9 ± 12.6, 48.8 ± 10.6 for Tbase, T30min, T60min, and Treturn, respectively; p = 0.015) and CoV (48.2 ± 10.1, 50.1 ± 9.2, 50.5 ± 9.6, and 49.5 ± 8.6, p = 0.047). In addition, there was a significant decrease in GI at T60min compared with Tbase. The DVI group (n = 18) had significantly higher oxygenation levels than the non-DVI group (n = 23) after position changing. ROI4Tbase was significantly negatively correlated with the ΔSpO2 (R = 0.72, p &lt; 0.001). Using a cutoff value of 6.5%, ROI4Tbase had 79.2% specificity and 58.8% sensitivity in indicating the increase in the dorsal region related to the position change. The corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.677–0.936).Conclusions: Position change may improve the ventilation distribution in the study patients. The EIT can visualize real-time changes of the regional lung ventilation at the bedside to guide the body position change of the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and measure the effect of clinical practice.Trial Registration: Effect of Early Mobilization on Regional Lung Ventilation Assessed by EIT, NCT04081129. Registered 9 June 2019—Retrospectively registered. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00096WT&amp;selectaction=Edit&amp;uid=U00020D9&amp;ts=2&amp;cx=v2cwij.
A Retrospective Study of Latissimus Dorsi Flap in Immediate Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Zheng Hongmei , Zhu Guodong , Guan Qing , Fan Wei , Li Xiang , Yu Mancheng , Xu Juan , Wu Xinhong 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThere are many different methods used for immediate breast reconstruction, but the advantages and disadvantages between distinct methods are not reported and compared directly.MethodsWe collected the data of patients who underwent breast reconstruction from 2010 to 2015 and classified a total of 103 patients into three groups: i) skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant and partial latissimus dorsi flap (MIPLD); ii) skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy with the whole latissimus dorsi flap (MWLD); and iii) breast-conserving surgery and partial latissimus dorsi flap (BCSPLD). The outcome, safety, and cosmetic outcome of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap with or without implant were reported and compared.ResultsThe procedures were successful in all cases. None of the patients had severe complications. The 5-year distant metastasis-free survival is 94.2%. All the patients exhibited good arm and back function. Based on the evaluation of the BREAST-Q score, the cosmetic outcome of Satisfaction with Breasts was excellent or good in 97.8% of the cases.ConclusionsMIPLD, MWLD, and BCSPLD stand for three distinct methods for immediate breast reconstruction with good outcome and aesthetic effect. They were safe, were easy to perform, and provided quick recovery and good quality of life. Therefore, these three breast reconstructive methods are worthy of widespread use in clinical practice and provide different ways to reconstruct the breast according to the patients’ conditions and preferences.
Untargeted GC-MS-Based Metabolomics for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhu Guoxue , Wang Yi , Wang Wang , Shang Fang , Pei Bin , Zhao Yang , Kong Desong , Fan Zhimin 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal cancers in the world with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 68%. Although researchers accumulated many scientific studies, its pathogenesis remains unclear yet. Detecting and removing these malignant polyps promptly is the most effective method in CRC prevention. Therefore, the analysis and disposal of malignant polyps is conducive to preventing CRC.MethodsIn the study, metabolic profiling as well as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC was investigated using untargeted GC-MS-based metabolomics methods to explore the intervention approaches. In order to better characterize the variations of tissue and serum metabolic profiles, orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analysis was carried out to further identify significant features. The key differences in tR–m/z pairs were screened by the S-plot and VIP value from OPLS-DA. Identified potential biomarkers were leading in the KEGG in finding interactions, which show the relationships among these signal pathways.ResultsFinally, 17 tissue and 13 serum candidate ions were selected based on their corresponding retention time, p-value, m/z, and VIP value. Simultaneously, the most influential pathways contributing to CRC were inositol phosphate metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and linoleic acid metabolism.ConclusionsThe preliminary results suggest that the GC-MS-based method coupled with the pattern recognition method and understanding these cancer-specific alterations could make it possible to detect CRC early and aid in the development of additional treatments for the disease, leading to improvements in CRC patients’ quality of life.
The Feasibility of Haar Feature-Based Endoscopic Ultrasound Probe Tracking for Implanting Hydrogel Spacer in Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Feng Ziwei , Hooshangnejad Hamed , Shin Eun Ji , Narang Amol , Lediju Bell Muyinatu A. , Ding Kai 
Published: November 2021

PurposeWe proposed a Haar feature-based method for tracking endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) probe in diagnostic computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans for guiding hydrogel injection without external tracking hardware. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing our method with phantom and patient images.Materials and MethodsOur methods included the pre-simulation section and Haar features extraction steps. Firstly, the simulated EUS set was generated based on anatomic information of interpolated CT/MRI images. Secondly, the efficient Haar features were extracted from simulated EUS images to create a Haar feature dictionary. The relative EUS probe position was estimated by searching the best matched Haar feature vector of the dictionary with Haar feature vector of target EUS images. The utilization of this method was validated using EUS phantom and patient CT/MRI images.ResultsIn the phantom experiment, we showed that our Haar feature-based EUS probe tracking method can find the best matched simulated EUS image from a simulated EUS dictionary which includes 123 simulated images. The errors of all four target points between the real EUS image and the best matched EUS images were within 1 mm. In the patient CT/MRI scans, the best matched simulated EUS image was selected by our method accurately, thereby confirming the probe location. However, when applying our method in MRI images, our method is not always robust due to the low image resolution.ConclusionsOur Haar feature-based method is capable to find the best matched simulated EUS image from the dictionary. We demonstrated the feasibility of our method for tracking EUS probe without external tracking hardware, thereby guiding the hydrogel injection between the head of the pancreas and duodenum.
Evaluation of Different Breast Cancer Screening Strategies for High-Risk Women in Beijing, China: A Real-World Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yang Lei , Liu Shuo , Li Huichao , Li Qingyu , Cheng Yangyang , Wang Ning , Ji Jiafu 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMammography-based breast cancer screening has been widely implemented in many developed countries. Evidence was needed on participation and diagnostic performance of population-based breast cancer screening using ultrasound in China.MethodsWe used data from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China in Beijing from 2014 to 2019 and was followed up until July 2020 by matching with the Beijing Cancer Registry database. Eligible women between the ages of 45 and 69 years were recruited from six districts and assessed their risk of breast cancer through an established risk scoring system. Women evaluated to be at high risk of breast cancer were invited to undergo both ultrasound and mammography. Participation rates were calculated, and their associated factors were explored. In addition, the performance of five different breast cancer screening modalities was evaluated in this study.ResultsA total of 49,161 eligible women were recruited in this study. Among them, 15,550 women were assessed as high risk for breast cancer, and 7,500 women underwent ultrasound and/or mammography as recommended, with a participation rate of 48.2%. The sensitivity of mammography alone, ultrasound alone, combined of ultrasound and mammography, ultrasound for primary screening followed by mammography for triage, and mammography for preliminary screening followed by ultrasound for triage were19.2%, 38.5%, 50.0%, 46.2%, and 19.2%, and the specificity were 96.1%, 98.6%, 94.7%, 97.6%, 95.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of combined ultrasound and mammography, ultrasound for primary screening followed by mammography for triage, was significantly higher than mammography alone (p=0.008 and p=0.039). Additionally, ultrasound alone (48,323 RMB ($7,550)) and ultrasound for primary screening followed by mammography for triage (55,927 RMB ($8,739)) were the most cost-effective methods for breast cancer screening than other modalities.ConclusionsUltrasound alone and ultrasound for primary screening and mammography are superior to mammography for breast cancer screening in high-risk Chinese women.
Generation of KS-133 as a Novel Bicyclic Peptide with a Potent and Selective VIPR2 Antagonist Activity that Counteracts Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Sakamoto Kotaro , Chen Lu , Miyaoka Tatsunori , Yamada Mei , Masutani Teruaki , Ishimoto Kenji , Hino Nobumasa , Nakagawa Shinsaku , Asano Satoshi , Ago Yukio 
Published: November 2021

Worldwide, more than 20 million people suffer from schizophrenia, but effective and definitive new therapeutic drugs/treatments have not been established. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) might be an attractive drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia because both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong link between high expression/overactivation of VIPR2 and schizophrenia. Nevertheless, VIPR2-targeting drugs are not yet available. VIPR2 is a class-B G protein-coupled receptor that possesses high structural homology to its subtypes, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type-1 receptor (PAC1). These biological and structural properties have made it difficult to discover small molecule drugs against VIPR2. In 2018, cyclic peptide VIpep-3, a VIPR2-selective antagonist, was reported. The aim of this study was to generate a VIpep-3 derivative for in vivo experiments. After amino acid substitution and structure optimization, we successfully generated KS-133 with 1) a VIPR2-selective and potent antagonistic activity, 2) at least 24 h of stability in plasma, and 3) in vivo pharmacological efficacies in a mouse model of psychiatric disorders through early postnatal activation of VIPR2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a VIPR2-selective antagonistic peptide that counteracts cognitive decline, a central feature of schizophrenia. KS-133 may contribute to studies and development of novel schizophrenia therapeutic drugs that target VIPR2.
Examining Delayed Recall in Cochlear Implant Users Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, California Verbal Learning Test, Third Edition, and Item Specific Deficit Approach: Preliminary Results
Authors: Brumer Nadav , Elkins Elizabeth , Parada Jennifer , Hillyer Jake , Parbery-Clark Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:Recent studies using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) suggest delayed recall is challenging for cochlear implant (CI) users. To better understand the underlying processes associated with delayed recall in CI users, we administered the MoCA and the California Verbal Learning Test, Third Edition (CVLT-3), which provides a more comprehensive assessment of delayed recall ability.Methods:The MoCA and CVLT-3 were administered to 18 high-performing CI users. For the CVLT-3, both the traditional scoring and a newer scoring method, the Item-Specific Deficit Approach (ISDA), were employed.Results:The original MoCA score and MoCA delayed recall subtest score did not relate to performance on any CVLT-3 measures regardless of scoring metric applied (i.e., traditional or ISDA). Encoding performance for both the CVLT-3 and ISDA were related. Consolidation, which is only distinctly defined by the ISDA, related to CVLT-3 cued delay recall performance but not free delay recall performance. Lastly, ISDA retrieval only related to CVLT-3 measures when modified.Conclusion:Performance on the MoCA and CVLT-3 in a high performing CI patient population were not related. We demonstrate that the ISDA can be successfully applied to CI users for the quantification and characterization of delayed recall ability; however, future work addressing lower performing CI users, and comparing to normal hearing controls is needed to determine the extent of potential translational applications. Our work also indicates that a modified ISDA retrieval score may be beneficial for evaluating CI users although additional work addressing the clinical relevance of this is still needed.
A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cigarette Smoking in the Brazilian Youth Population
Authors: Brito Emerson Silveira , Bessel Marina , Dornelles Thayane , Moreno Flávia , Pereira Gerson , Da Ros Wendland Eliana Márcia 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The transition from adolescence to adulthood involves a variety of physical, behavioral, and social transformations, often including tobacco use. Because understanding smoking at this stage is important for tobacco control, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the Brazilian youth population.Methods: This study included participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capitals. A standardized questionnaire was administered by trained healthcare professionals to collect information about sociodemographic status, sexual behavior, and tobacco use. The samples from each capital were weighted by age range and sex.Results: Of the 8,581 participants, 15.1% were current smokers, and 20.0% were former smokers; the average age at first tobacco use was 15.5 years. The prevalence of smoking in men was higher than that in women (20.1 vs. 10.3%, p &lt; 0.01). Education level was associated with current smoking and former smoking. Participants with an elementary education level had a higher smoking prevalence (PR: 5.84, 95%, CI: 4.29–7.95) than those with a secondary education (PR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.63–2.93) and those with higher education. Those without current partners (PR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03–1.56) also had a higher prevalence of smoking than those with partners, and participants who had a previous same-sex sexual experience smoked more (PR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.78–2.96) than those who did not. In addition, regular use of alcohol was associated with higher prevalence of cigarette smoking (PR: 5.65, 95% CI: 4.03–7.90) than a lack of alcohol consumption. Skin color and socioeconomic class did not exhibit significant relationships with tobacco use patterns.Conclusions: Smoking was associated with education level regardless of social class, and some specific behaviors associated with a same-sex sexual experience were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. These findings are important for formulating policies and directing actions to combat and prevent smoking among young populations.
Human-Human Hand Interactions Aid Balance During Walking by Haptic Communication
Authors: Wu Mengnan , Drnach Luke , Bong Sistania M. , Song Yun Seong , Ting Lena H. 
Published: November 2021

Principles from human-human physical interaction may be necessary to design more intuitive and seamless robotic devices to aid human movement. Previous studies have shown that light touch can aid balance and that haptic communication can improve performance of physical tasks, but the effects of touch between two humans on walking balance has not been previously characterized. This study examines physical interaction between two persons when one person aids another in performing a beam-walking task. 12 pairs of healthy young adults held a force sensor with one hand while one person walked on a narrow balance beam (2 cm wide x 3.7 m long) and the other person walked overground by their side. We compare balance performance during partnered vs. solo beam-walking to examine the effects of haptic interaction, and we compare hand interaction mechanics during partnered beam-walking vs. overground walking to examine how the interaction aided balance. While holding the hand of a partner, participants were able to walk further on the beam without falling, reduce lateral sway, and decrease angular momentum in the frontal plane. We measured small hand force magnitudes (mean of 2.2 N laterally and 3.4 N vertically) that created opposing torque components about the beam axis and calculated the interaction torque, the overlapping opposing torque that does not contribute to motion of the beam-walker’s body. We found higher interaction torque magnitudes during partnered beam-walking vs. partnered overground walking, and correlation between interaction torque magnitude and reductions in lateral sway. To gain insight into feasible controller designs to emulate human-human physical interactions for aiding walking balance, we modeled the relationship between each torque component and motion of the beam-walker’s body as a mass-spring-damper system. Our model results show opposite types of mechanical elements (active vs. passive) for the two torque components. Our results demonstrate that hand interactions aid balance during partnered beam-walking by creating opposing torques that primarily serve haptic communication, and our model of the torques suggest control parameters for implementing human-human balance aid in human-robot interactions.
Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
Authors: Mendes Lourenço Sassetti , Lara Javier L. , Viseu Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2021

Spillway design is key to the effective and safe operation of dams. Typically, the flow is characterized by high velocity, high levels of turbulence, and aeration. In the last two decades, advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) made available several numerical tools to aid hydraulic structures engineers. The most frequent approach is to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using an Euler type model combined with the volume-of-fluid (VoF) method. Regardless of a few applications, the complete two-phase Euler is still considered to demand exorbitant computational resources. An assessment is performed in a spillway offset aerator, comparing the two-phase volume-of-fluid (TPVoF) with the complete two-phase Euler (CTPE). Both models are included in the OpenFOAM® toolbox. As expected, the TPVoF results depend highly on the mesh, not showing convergence in the maximum chute bottom pressure and the lower-nappe aeration, tending to null aeration as resolution increases. The CTPE combined with the k–ω SST Sato turbulence model exhibits the most accurate results and mesh convergence in the lower-nappe aeration. Surprisingly, intermediate mesh resolutions are sufficient to surpass the TPVoF performance with reasonable calculation efforts. Moreover, compressibility, flow bulking, and several entrained air effects in the flow are comprehended. Despite not reproducing all aspects of the flow with acceptable accuracy, the complete two-phase Euler demonstrated an efficient cost-benefit performance and high value in spillway aerated flows. Nonetheless, further developments are expected to enhance the efficiency and stability of this model.
Pinus brutia Ten. ve Quercus coccifera L. Ağaçlarının Toprak Solunumlarının İzlenmesi
Authors: CENKSEVEN Şahin , KOÇAK Burak 
Published: November 2021

: Bu çalışmada Akdeniz iklimi etkisi altında bulunan ve en az 30 yaşında olan Pinus brutia Ten. (Kızılçam, Pinaceae) ve Quercus coccifera L. (Kermes meşesi, Fagaceae) türleri altında topraktan atmosfere salınan CO2’in mevsimsel değişimi izlenmiştir. Eylül 2016 ve Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında aylık toprak ve hava sıcaklıkları ile soda-lime yöntemiyle toprak solunumları belirlenmiştir. Ortalama günlük toprak solunumları (g CO2/m2/gün) kızılçamda 1,33 (Ocak) ile 12,33 (Ağustos) iken kermes meşesinde 1,29 (Ocak) ile 13,82 (Ağustos) arasında olup ortalama solunumları sırasıyla 7,03 ve 7,26 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevsimsel olarak, her iki bitki türünün kış mevsimindeki toprak solunumları diğer mevsimlerden önemli bir biçimde düşük olup tüm aylarda bitkilerin toprak solunumları arasında önemli bir fark saptanmamıştır. Her iki bitki türünün toprak solunumları, toprak ve hava sıcaklıkları arasında önemli ve pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, araştırma alanında, artan toprak ve hava sıcaklığı ile topraktan CO2 salımının artış gösterdiği ve genel olarak bir yıllık süreçte kızılçam ve kermes meşesi türlerinin CO2 salımları arasında önemli düzeyde farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir.