bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Metal Supported SOFCs Operated in Hydrocarbon Fuels and at Low (<650˚C) Temperatures
Authors: Christensen Jens Ole , Hagen Anke , Sudireddy Bhaskar Reddy 
Published: July 2021

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are a key enabling technology for the required future renewable energy systems by providing an efficient link between the power, gas, and heat sectors. Specifically, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity and heat with high electrical efficiencies. Hydrogen is the obvious choice of fuel due to the only emissions being steam, however hydrocarbon fuels are an interesting and safe alternative to hydrogen, especially for mobile applications, facilitating easy integration into existing infrastructure. The state-of-the-art (SoA) Ni:YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) composite fuel electrode is capable of direct oxidation of hydrocarbons or of reforming of hydrocarbon gas mixtures. Unfortunately, the material that facilitates the above reactions, nickel, is also an excellent carbon deposition catalyst. This is problematic, due to the associated volumetric changes and reduction in electrochemically active sites. Ultimately, the fuel electrode can delaminate from the electrolyte, causing a catastrophic failure of the cell.
Alternative fuel electrode materials are the key to avoid this. A-site deficient lanthanum doped strontium titanate (La0.4Sr0.4Fe0.03Ni0.03Ti0.94O3, LSFNT) based anodes, coated with Ni:CGO (gadolinium-doped ceria) electrocatalyst are a promising alternative - while avoiding Ni as a major part of the backbone, the infiltrated Ni ensures electrocatalytic activity. The co-infiltrated CGO serves to improve the ionic conductivity. Integrating these anodes into a metal supported (MS) design ensures lower cost and mechanical robustness. Full cells are manufactured through scalable tape casting and screen printing technology, including the metal support. Possible pitfalls for the MS-cell include vulnerability to corrosion of the metal support and decreased reforming activity due to less electrocatalyst (Ni) compared to the SoA-cell.
In this study, the reforming activity of methane in 3 different SOFCs is investigated: Cell 1 is with a SoA Ni:YSZ anode, cell 2 is with a LSFNT anode and cell 3 is with a LSFNT-FeCr anode. The investigation involves electrochemical characterization by impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and performance under applied current (I/V-curves) at temperatures 750˚C, 700˚C, 650˚C and 620˚C, so-called fingerprints, with special emphasis on the anode activity for reforming and water gas shift reaction. Furthermore, galvanostatic durability tests are conducted for the MS-cells (cell 2 and cell 3) with focus on the durability at low temperature (650˚C) and corrosion resistance at medium to high fuel utilization (ca. 50%). The degradation of the tested cells is examined by comparing the electrochemical performance before and after durability testing.
Effect of Sn, Cu, and Ag Modification on Electrochemical Performance and Carbon Tolerance of Biogas-Operated Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScCeSZ SOFC Anodes
Authors: Jiang Zeyu , El-Kharouf Ahmad , Steinberger-Wilckens Robert 
Published: July 2021

This work demonstrates the effect of Sn, Cu, and Ag modification on the electrochemical performance and carbon tolerance of biogas-operated Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScCeSZ SOFC anodes. The tested cells were fabricated from commercial materials via aqueous tape casting method. A reverse co-casting technique was utilized to manufacture GDC-ScCeSZ-Ni/ScCeSZ half cells. An LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Cr0.2Fe0.8O3) cathode was painted on the sintered half cells to ensure good performance at intermediate operating temperatures (700-800 °C). 1 wt% of Sn, Cu, and Ag (respect to Ni) were infiltrated into the anode scaffold and followed by calcination at different temperatures. Prepared cells were firstly tested at 700-800 °C in hydrogen fuel (H2:N2=3:1) for 24 h and then switched to simulated biogas (CH4:CO2:N2=2:1:1) for another 24 h. Electrochemical characterizations such as OCV, I-V, potentiostatic, galvanostatic, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed on each SOFC single cell. Scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were conducted to analyse the microstructure, surface elemental distribution, and electrochemical catalyst crystal structure of the prepared anodes, respectively.
The obtained experimental results were compared with our previous work on 1 wt% Sn, Cu and Ag doped Ni/YSZ anodes. Carbon deposition on the modified Ni/YSZ anode surface was successfully suppressed after 24 h simulated biogas operation at 750 °C. Furthermore, the addition of a small amount of dopant significantly improved the electrochemical performance and long-term stability under dry methane reforming condition, especially for Sn and Ag-doped anodes. Cu agglomeration might occur at high operating temperature because of copper’s low melting point, resulting in unchanged cell performance under biogas operation. Therefore, the Cu-doped Ni/ScCeSZ/LSCF cells are expected achieve better cell performance at slightly reduced operating temperature.
Pruritus Features in Children with End-Stage Renal Disease Underwent Dialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mehrkash Mehryar , Golestaneh Seyed-javad , Madihi Yahya , Paknazar Fatemeh , Hadian Mahdi , Akbari Mojtaba , Abtahi-Naeini Bahareh 
Published: July 2021

Objective. Evaluation of the pruritus features in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who underwent dialysis at an academic tertiary pediatric dialysis center. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at an academic tertiary pediatric dialysis center, Isfahan, Iran. The reviewed medical records of the children included their characteristics, dialysis properties, and laboratory parameters. The 4-item itch questionnaire was utilized to assess distribution, severity, frequency, and associated sleeping disorders. Results. Thirty ESRD patients with pruritus, including 23 males (76.7%) with a mean age of

11.7
±
3.64

years, were recruited. The most common cause of CKD was nephronophthisis (23.3%). The median total score of pruritus was 5 (range: 3-15). The distribution score of pruritus was directly correlated with the age (Spearman’s

rho
=
0

.42,

P
=
0.02

) and serum level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Spearman’s

rho
=
0.42

,

P
=
0.04

). In the reduced multiple logistic regression model, the increasing level of serum calcium was associated with increased odds of having

total

pruritus

score
≥
5

(OR (odds ratio): 4.5; 95% CI 1.12 to 18.05). In addition, an increase in age for one year was found to be associated with 50% higher odds of having

total

pruritus

score
≥
5

(OR: 1.5; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.18). Conclusion. Increased level of serum Ca and higher age were associated with increased odds of having more severe pruritus score in children.
Genetic Risk for Overall Cancer and the Benefit of Adherence to a Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Zhu Meng , Wang Tianpei , Huang Yanqian , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ding Yuqing , Zhu Mengyi , Ji Mengmeng , Wang Cheng , Dai Juncheng , Yin Rong , Xu Lin , Ma Hongxia , Wei Qingyi , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Cancer site–specific polygenic risk scores (PRS) effectively identify individuals at high risk of individual cancers, but the effectiveness of PRS on overall cancer risk assessment and the extent to which a high genetic risk of overall cancer can be offset by a healthy lifestyle remain unclear. Here, we constructed an incidence-weighted overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRS) based on 20 cancer site-specific PRSs. Lifestyle was determined according to smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and diet. Cox regression by sex was used to analyze associations of genetic and lifestyle factors with cancer incidence using UK Biobank data (N = 442,501). Compared with participants at low genetic risk (bottom quintile of CPRS), those at intermediate (quintiles 2 to 4) or high (top quintile) genetic risk had HRs of 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.34) or 1.91 (1.81–2.02) for overall cancer, respectively, for men, and 1.21 (1.16–1.27) or 1.62 (1.54–1.71), respectively, for women. A joint effect of genetic and lifestyle factors on overall cancer risk was observed, with HRs reaching 2.99 (2.45–3.64) for men and 2.38 (2.05–2.76) for women with high genetic risk and unfavorable lifestyle compared with those with low genetic risk and favorable lifestyle. Among participants at high genetic risk, the standardized 5-year cancer incidence was significantly reduced from 7.23% to 5.51% for men and from 5.77% to 3.69% for women having a favorable lifestyle. In summary, individuals at high genetic risk of overall cancer can be identified by CPRS, and risk can be attenuated by adopting a healthy lifestyle.

Significance:
A new indicator of cancer polygenic risk score measures genetic risk for overall cancer, which could identify individuals with high cancer risk to facilitate decision-making about lifestyle modifications for personalized prevention.
Mutant Idh2 Cooperates with a NUP98-HOXD13 Fusion to Induce Early Immature Thymocyte Precursor ALL
Authors: Goldberg Liat , Negi Vijay , Chung Yang Jo , Onozawa Masahiro , Zhu Yuelin J. , Walker Robert L. , Pierce Rachel , Patel Daxesh P. , Krausz Kristopher W. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Goodell Margaret A. , Rodriguez Benjamin A.T. , Meltzer Paul S. , Aplan Peter D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes are frequently observed in a wide variety of hematologic malignancies, including myeloid and T-cell leukemias. In this study, we generated Idh2R140Q transgenic mice to examine the role of the Idh2R140Q mutation in leukemia. No leukemia developed in Idh2R140Q transgenic mice, suggesting a need for additional genetic events for leukemia development. Because myeloid cells from NUP98-HOXD13 fusion (NHD13) transgenic mice frequently acquire somatic Idh mutations when they transform to acute myeloid leukemia, we generated Idh2R140Q/NHD13 double transgenic mice. Idh2R140Q/NHD13 transgenic mice developed an immature T-cell leukemia with an immunophenotype similar to double-negative 1 (DN1) or DN2 thymocytes. Idh2R140Q/NHD13 leukemic cells were enriched for an early thymic precursor transcriptional signature, and the gene expression profile for Idh2R140Q/NHD13 DN1/DN2 T-ALL closely matched that of human early/immature T-cell precursor (EITP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, recurrent mutations found in patients with EITP ALL, including KRAS, PTPN11, JAK3, SH2B3, and EZH2 were also found in Idh2R140Q/NHD13 DN1/DN2 T-ALL. In vitro treatment of Idh2R140Q/NHD13 thymocytes with enasidenib, a selective inhibitor of mutant IDH2, led to a marked decrease in leukemic cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that Idh2R140Q/NHD13 mice can serve as a useful in vivo model for the study of early/immature thymocyte precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia development and therapy.

Significance:
T-cell leukemia induced in Idh2R140Q/NUP98-HOXD13 mice is immunophenotypically, transcriptionally, and genetically similar to human EITP ALL, providing a model for studying disease development and treatment.
Minimal Residual Disease in Myeloma: Application for Clinical Care and New Drug Registration
Authors: Anderson Kenneth C. , Auclair Daniel , Adam Stacey J. , Agarwal Amit , Anderson Melissa , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Bustoros Mark , Chapman Jessica , Connors Dana E. , Dash Ajeeta , Di Bacco Alessandra , Du Ling , Facon Thierry , Flores-Montero Juan , Gay Francesca , Ghobrial Irene M. , Gormley Nicole J. , Gupta Ira , Higley Howard , Hillengass Jens , Kanapuru Bindu , Kazandjian Dickran , Kelloff Gary J. , Kirsch Ilan R. , Kremer Brandon , Landgren Ola , Lightbody Elizabeth , Lomas Oliver C. , Lonial Sagar , Mateos María-Victoria , Montes de Oca Rocio , Mukundan Lata , Munshi Nikhil C. , O'Donnell Elizabeth K. , Orfao Alberto , Paiva Bruno , Patel Reshma , Pugh Trevor J. , Ramasamy Karthik , Ray Jill , Roshal Mikhail , Ross Jeremy A. , Sigman Caroline C. , Thoren Katie L. , Trudel Suzanne , Ulaner Gary , Valente Nancy , Weiss Brendan M. , Zamagni Elena , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of novel agents has transformed the treatment paradigm for multiple myeloma, with minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity now achievable across the entire disease spectrum. Bone marrow–based technologies to assess MRD, including approaches using next-generation flow and next-generation sequencing, have provided real-time clinical tools for the sensitive detection and monitoring of MRD in patients with multiple myeloma. Complementary liquid biopsy–based assays are now quickly progressing with some, such as mass spectrometry methods, being very close to clinical use, while others utilizing nucleic acid–based technologies are still developing and will prove important to further our understanding of the biology of MRD. On the regulatory front, multiple retrospective individual patient and clinical trial level meta-analyses have already shown and will continue to assess the potential of MRD as a surrogate for patient outcome. Given all this progress, it is not surprising that a number of clinicians are now considering using MRD to inform real-world clinical care of patients across the spectrum from smoldering myeloma to relapsed refractory multiple myeloma, with each disease setting presenting key challenges and questions that will need to be addressed through clinical trials. The pace of advances in targeted and immune therapies in multiple myeloma is unprecedented, and novel MRD-driven biomarker strategies are essential to accelerate innovative clinical trials leading to regulatory approval of novel treatments and continued improvement in patient outcomes.
Rare Coding Variants Associated With Electrocardiographic Intervals Identify Monogenic Arrhythmia Susceptibility Genes: A Multi-Ancestry Analysis
Authors: Choi Seung Hoan , Jurgens Sean J. , Haggerty Christopher M. , Hall Amelia W. , Halford Jennifer L. , Morrill Valerie N. , Weng Lu-Chen , Lagerman Braxton , Mirshahi Tooraj , Pettinger Mary , Guo Xiuqing , Lin Henry J. , Alonso Alvaro , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Kornej Jelena , Lin Honghuang , Moscati Arden , Nadkarni Girish N. , Brody Jennifer A. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Cade Brian E. , Lee Jiwon , Austin-Tse Christina , Blackwell Tom , Chaffin Mark D. , Lee Christina J.-Y. , Rehm Heidi L. , Roselli Carolina ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Redline Susan , Mitchell Braxton D. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Psaty Bruce M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Loos Ruth J.F. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Correa Adolfo , Boerwinkle Eric , Arking Dan E. , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Whitsel Eric A. , Perez Marco , Kooperberg Charles , Fornwalt Brandon K. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lubitz Steven A. ,   on behalf of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium
Published: July 2021

Background:
Alterations in electrocardiographic (ECG) intervals are well-known markers for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. While the genetics of arrhythmia syndromes have been studied, relations between electrocardiographic intervals and rare genetic variation at a population level are poorly understood.

Methods:
Using a discovery sample of 29 000 individuals with whole-genome sequencing from Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine and replication in nearly 100 000 with whole-exome sequencing from the UK Biobank and MyCode, we examined associations between low-frequency and rare coding variants with 5 routinely measured electrocardiographic traits (RR, P-wave, PR, and QRS intervals and corrected QT interval).

Results:

We found that rare variants associated with population-based electrocardiographic intervals identify established monogenic SCD genes (
KCNQ1
,
KCNH2
, and
SCN5A
), a controversial monogenic SCD gene (
KCNE1
), and novel genes (
PAM
and
MFGE8
) involved in cardiac conduction. Loss-of-function and pathogenic
SCN5A
variants, carried by 0.1% of individuals, were associated with a nearly 6-fold increased odds of the first-degree atrioventricular block (
P
=8.4×10
−5
). Similar variants in
KCNQ1
and
KCNH2
(0.2% of individuals) were associated with a 23-fold increased odds of marked corrected QT interval prolongation (
P
=4×10
−25
), a marker of SCD risk. Incomplete penetrance of such deleterious variation was common as over 70% of carriers had normal electrocardiographic intervals.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that large-scale high-depth sequence data and electrocardiographic analysis identifies monogenic arrhythmia susceptibility genes and rare variants with large effects. Known pathogenic variation in conventional arrhythmia and SCD genes exhibited incomplete penetrance and accounted for only a small fraction of marked electrocardiographic interval prolongation.
National Trends in Heart Donor Usage Rates: Are We Efficiently Transplanting More Hearts?
Authors: Dharmavaram Naga , Hess Timothy , Jaeger Heather , Smith Jason , Hermsen Joshua , Murray David , Dhingra Ravi 
Published: July 2021

Background
It is unclear whether the recent increase in the number of heart transplants performed annually in the United States is only because of higher availability of donors and if it affected recipients’ survival.

Methods and Results
We examined characteristics of donors and recipients from 2008 to 2012 (n=11 654) and 2013 to 2017 (n=14 556) and compared them with 2003 to 2007 (n=10 869). Cox models examined 30‐day and 1‐year risk of recipients’ death post transplant. From 2013 to 2017, there was an increase in the number of transplanted hearts and number of donor offers but an overall decline in the ratio of hearts transplanted to available donors. Donors between 2013 and 2017 were older, heavier, more hypertensive, diabetic, and likely to have abused illicit drugs compared with previous years. Drug overdose and hepatitis C positive donors were additional contributors to donor risk in recent years. In Cox models, risk of death post transplant between 2013 and 2017 was 15% lower at 30 days (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.98) and 21% lower at 1 year (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73–0.87) and between 2008 and 2012 was 9% lower at 30 days (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.79–1.05) and 14% lower at 1 year (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79–0.94) compared with 2003 to 2007.

Conclusions
Despite a substantial increase in heart donor offers in recent years, the ratio of transplants performed to available donors has decreased. Even though hearts from donors who are older, more hypertensive, and have diabetes mellitus are being used, overall recipient survival continues to improve. Broader acceptance of drug overdose and hepatitis C positive donors may increase the number and percentage of heart transplants further without jeopardizing short‐term outcomes.
Trends in Use of Cardioprotective Medication in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Kamil Sadaf , Sehested Thomas S. G. , Houlind Kim , Lassen Jens F. , Gislason Gunnar H. , Dominguez Helena 
Published: July 2021

Background
Guideline‐based cardioprotective medical therapy is intended to reduce the burden of adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, contemporary data describing trends in use of medication remains limited. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate changes in use of cardioprotective medication in PAD.

Methods and Results
By using Danish national healthcare registries, we identified all patients with first‐time diagnosis of PAD (1997–2016) and classified them into two groups: (1) PAD+ that includes all patients with PAD with a history of cardiovascular disease, ie, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and stroke (n=162 627); and (2) PAD (n=87 935) that comprise patients without a history of cardiovascular disease. We determined the use of medication in the first 12 months after the incident diagnosis of PAD and estimated age standardized 1‐year mortality rates. Our results showed increase in use of cardioprotective medication throughout the study period in both groups. However, PAD+ had a higher use of medication (acetylsalicylic acid, 3.5%–48.4%; Clopidogrel, 0%–17.6%; vitamin K antagonists, 0.9%–7.8%; new oral anticoagulants, 0.0%–10.1%; Statins, 1.9%–58.1%; angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, 1.2%–20.6%), compared with PAD (acetylsalicylic acid, 2.9%–54.4%; Clopidogrel, 0%–11.9%; vitamin K antagonists, 0.9%–2.4%; new oral anticoagulants, 0.0%–3.4%; Statins, 1.5%–56.9%; angiotensin‐converting enzyme, 0.9%–17.2%), respectively. Furthermore, 1‐year mortality rates in PAD declined with increased use of medications during study.

Conclusions
In this nationwide study, use of cardioprotective medication increased considerably with time, but compared to patients with other atherosclerotic diseases, there remains an underuse of guideline‐based medical therapy in patients with PAD.
The Effects of Delivering Personalized Course Recommendations at Scale on Advanced Placement Participation and Performance
Authors: Mabel Zachary , Hurwitz Michael D. , Pender Matea , White Brooke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gaps in advanced high school coursework by socioeconomic status and geography persist in the United States, even among students with the ability and access to succeed in them. Lack of information on course availability and inaccurate self-perceptions may contribute to these inequities. We report on a large-scale experiment designed to increase Advanced Placement (AP) participation among underrepresented minority students and students attending rural high schools. Students and parents assigned to treatment received personalized outreach via multiple communication channels about AP classes offered at their high school in which they demonstrated potential to succeed. Outreach increased the probability of AP Exam participation in subjects in which students demonstrated potential to succeed by 1.1 percentage points, a 2.5 percent increase over the control group rate. This, in turn, increased the probability that students scored 3 or higher on those AP Exams by 0.5 percentage point, a 1.4 percent increase over the control group rate. Intervention effects were concentrated among underrepresented minority students attending nonrural schools and relatively less academically prepared students. The findings indicate that personalized course recommendations can increase equity in advanced high school course participation; however, designing outreach campaigns at scale that engage students is a crucial challenge to their efficacy.
Our Names: An Open Letter to Asian Sisters
Authors: Lee Pamela M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This open letter responds to the murders of six women of Asian descent on March 16, 2021, all workers in Atlanta-area massage parlors. It describes both the contemporary climate and the historical foundations for anti-Asian/AAPI racism in the country, and it reflects on both the promise and the violence that inheres in acts of naming and nomination for Asian women. In its address to “Asian sisters,” the letter challenges the terms of Asian American representation and considers larger discussions among BIPOC scholars about whether to refuse institutional recognition by the state.