bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal oscillations in preference strength provide evidence for an open system model of constructed preference
Authors: Kvam Peter D. , Busemeyer Jerome R. , Pleskac Timothy J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe decision process is often conceptualized as a constructive process in which a decision maker accumulates information to form preferences about the choice options and ultimately make a response. Here we examine how these constructive processes unfold by tracking dynamic changes in preference strength. Across two experiments, we observed that mean preference strength systematically oscillated over time and found that eliciting a choice early in time strongly affected the pattern of preference oscillation later in time. Preferences following choices oscillated between being stronger than those without prior choice and being weaker than those without choice. To account for these phenomena, we develop an open system dynamic model which merges the dynamics of Markov random walk processes with those of quantum walk processes. This model incorporates two sources of uncertainty: epistemic uncertainty about what preference state a decision maker has at a particular point in time; and ontic uncertainty about what decision or judgment will be observed when a person has some preference state. Representing these two sources of uncertainty allows the model to account for the oscillations in preference as well as the effect of choice on preference formation.
Topography modulates near-ground microclimate in the Mediterranean Fagus sylvatica treeline
Authors: Rita Angelo , Bonanomi Giuliano , Allevato Emilia , Borghetti Marco , Cesarano Gaspare , Mogavero Valentina , Rossi Sergio , Saulino Luigi , Zotti Maurizio , Saracino Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding processes controlling forest dynamics has become particularly important in the context of ongoing climate change, which is altering the ecological fitness and resilience of species worldwide. However, whether forest communities would be threatened by projected macroclimate change or unaffected due to the controlling effect of local site conditions is still a matter for debate. After all, forest canopy buffer climate extremes and promote microclimatic conditions, which matters for functional plant response, and act as refugia for understory species in a changing climate. Yet precisely how microclimatic conditions change in response to climate warming will depend on the extent to which vegetation structure and local topography shape air and soil temperature. In this study, we posited that forest microclimatic buffering is sensitive to local topographic conditions and canopy cover, and using meteorological stations equipped with data-loggers we measured this effect during 1 year across a climate gradient (considering aspect as a surrogate of local topography) in a Mediterranean beech treeline growing in contrasting aspects in southern Italy. During the growing season, the below-canopy near-ground temperatures were, on average, 2.4 and 1.0 °C cooler than open-field temperatures for south and north-west aspects, respectively. Overall, the temperature offset became more negative (that is, lower under-canopy temperatures at the treeline) as the open-field temperature increased, and more positive (that is, higher under-canopy temperatures at the treeline) as the open-field temperature decreased. The buffering effect was particularly evident for the treeline on the south-facing slope, where cooling of near-ground temperature was as high as 8.6 °C for the maximum temperature (in August the offset peaked at 10 °C) and as high as 2.5 °C for the average temperature. In addition, compared to the south-facing slope, the northern site exhibited less decoupling from free-air environment conditions and low variability in microclimate trends that closely track the free-air biophysical environment. Although such a decoupling effect cannot wholly isolate forest climatic conditions from macroclimate regional variability in the south-facing treeline, it has the potential to partly offset the regional macroclimatic warming experienced in the forest understory due to anthropogenic climate change.
Identification of a targetable KRAS-mutant epithelial population in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Maroni Giorgia , Bassal Mahmoud A. , Krishnan Indira , Fhu Chee Wai , Savova Virginia , Zilionis Rapolas , Maymi Valerie A. , Pandell Nicole , Csizmadia Eva , Zhang Junyan , Storti Barbara , Castaño Julio , Panella Riccardo , Li Jia , Gustafson Corinne E. , Fox Sam , Levy Rachel D. , Meyerovitz Claire V. , Tramontozzi Peter J. , Vermilya Kimberly , De Rienzo Assunta , Crucitta Stefania , Bassères Daniela S. , Weetall Marla , Branstrom Art , Giorgetti Alessandra , Ciampi Raffaele , Del Re Marzia , Danesi Romano , Bizzarri Ranieri , Yang Henry , Kocher Olivier , Klein Allon M. , Welner Robert S. , Bueno Raphael , Magli Maria Cristina , Clohessy John G. , Ali Azhar , Tenen Daniel G. , Levantini Elena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Tumor heterogeneity, which hampers development of targeted therapies, was herein deconvoluted via single cell RNA sequencing in aggressive human adenocarcinomas (carrying Kras-mutations) and comparable murine model. We identified a tumor-specific, mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation which is conserved in both human and murine lung cancer. We previously reported a key role for the oncogene BMI-1 in adenocarcinomas. We therefore investigated the effects of in vivo PTC596 treatment, which affects BMI-1 activity, in our murine model. Post-treatment, MRI analysis showed decreased tumor size, while single cell transcriptomics concomitantly detected near complete ablation of the mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation, signifying the presence of a pharmacologically targetable, tumor-associated subpopulation. Our findings therefore hold promise for the development of a targeted therapy for KRAS-mutant adenocarcinomas.
Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate (Pyrosoma atlanticum)
Authors: Thompson Anne W , Ward Anna C , Sweeney Carey P , Sutherland Kelly R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pyrosomes are widely distributed pelagic tunicates that have the potential to reshape marine food webs when they bloom. However, their grazing preferences and interactions with the background microbial community are poorly understood. This is the first study of the marine microorganisms associated with pyrosomes undertaken to improve the understanding of pyrosome biology, the impact of pyrosome blooms on marine microbial systems, and microbial symbioses with marine animals. The diversity, relative abundance, and taxonomy of pyrosome-associated microorganisms were compared to seawater during a Pyrosoma atlanticum bloom in the Northern California Current System using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, microscopy, and flow cytometry. We found that pyrosomes harbor a microbiome distinct from the surrounding seawater, which was dominated by a few novel taxa. In addition to the dominant taxa, numerous more rare pyrosome-specific microbial taxa were recovered. Multiple bioluminescent taxa were present in pyrosomes, which may be a source of the iconic pyrosome luminescence. We also discovered free-living marine microorganisms in association with pyrosomes, suggesting that pyrosome feeding impacts all microbial size classes but preferentially removes larger eukaryotic taxa. This study demonstrates that microbial symbionts and microbial prey are central to pyrosome biology. In addition to pyrosome impacts on higher trophic level marine food webs, the work suggests that pyrosomes also alter marine food webs at the microbial level through feeding and seeding of the marine microbial communities with their symbionts. Future efforts to predict pyrosome blooms, and account for their ecosystem impacts, should consider pyrosome interactions with marine microbial communities.
Biotic and abiotic factors distinctly drive contrasting biogeographic patterns between phyllosphere and soil resistomes in natural ecosystems
Authors: Yan Zhen-Zhen , Chen Qing-Lin , Li Chao-Yu , Thi Nguyen Bao-Anh , Zhu Yong-Guan , He Ji-Zheng , Hu Hang-Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The phyllosphere and soil are two of the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, comparative studies on the biogeographic patterns of ARGs in these two habitats are lacking. Based on the construction of ARG abundance atlas across a &gt; 4,000 km transect in eastern and northern Australia, we found contrasting biogeographic patterns of the phyllosphere and soil resistomes, which showed their distinct responses to the biotic and abiotic stresses. The similarity of ARG compositions in soil, but not in the phyllosphere, exhibited significant distance-decay patterns. ARG abundance in the phyllosphere was mainly correlated with the compositions of co-occurring bacterial, fungal and protistan communities, indicating that biotic stresses were the main drivers shaping the phyllosphere resistome. Soil ARG abundance was mainly associated with abiotic factors including mean annual temperature and precipitation as well as soil total carbon and nitrogen. Our findings demonstrated the distinct roles of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping resistomes in different environmental habitats. These findings constitute a major advance in our understanding of the current environmental resistomes and contribute to better predictions of the evolution of environmental ARGs by highlighting the importance of habitat difference in shaping environmental resistomes.
Direction of arrival estimation of partial sound sources of vehicles with a two-microphone array
Authors: Rocha Gabriela Dantas , Torres Julio Cesar B. , Petraglia Mariane Rembold , Vorländer Michael 
Published: April 2021

The generalized cross-correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT) algorithm has proved to be useful for blindly estimating the direction of arrival of compact sound sources from microphone array recordings. In applications with distributions of partial sources, such as the tires of vehicles in urban environments, the GCC-PHAT needs to be improved, otherwise the detected sound directions change values between directions of the main sources or correspond to an intermediate value between these directions. This paper presents an extension of the GCC-PHAT, based on post-processing of the output delay matrix and on image processing techniques, in order to separately identify directions of the sound produced by the front and rear tires of moving vehicles. The proposed approach can be extended to identify the tire noise directions produced by vehicles with multiple axles. The algorithm performance is analyzed using pass-by measurements of two-axle vehicles, acquired by a two-microphone array. The experiments were conducted with passenger vehicles of four distinct models, running at different speeds. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to estimate the vehicle speed with an average error of 10.8 km/h and the vehicle wheelbase with 26 cm on average. A possible application is multiple source characterization for parametric vehicle sound synthesis in auralization.
AGP und Ernährung – Mit CGM postprandiale Glukoseverläufe analysieren
Authors: Kroeger Jens , Siegmund Thorsten , Schubert Oliver , Keuthage Winfried , Lettmann Melanie , Richert Katja , Pfeiffer Andreas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungErnährungstherapien zählen zu den Grundlagen eines effektiven Diabetesmanagements bei Menschen sowohl mit Typ-1-, als auch mit Typ-2-Diabetes. Auch für Menschen mit Prädiabetes oder Adipositas sind Lebensstilinterventionen, einschließlich Ernährungsempfehlungen, Bestandteil der grundlegenden Therapie. Es wird empfohlen, die Ernährung individuell an die persönlichen Umstände, Präferenzen und metabolischen Ziele anzupassen. Im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung finden mHealth-Interventionen, beispielsweise in Form von kontinuierlich Glukose messenden Systemen (CGM), vermehrt Einzug in die Ernährungstherapie. Das ambulante Glukoseprofil (AGP) zeigt eine strukturierte und grafische Zusammenstellung der durch CGM gewonnenen Daten. Nach einer Bewertung der glykämischen Situation (Hypoglykämien, Variabilität und Stabilität der Glukosewerte) kann das AGP auch als Unterstützung bezüglich einer Ernährungsanpassung dienen. Ziel dieser Publikation ist es, eine allgemeine Übersicht über die Ernährungsempfehlungen, speziell in Deutschland, zu ermöglichen und den Nutzen kontinuierlicher Glukosemessungen in Bezug auf Ernährung zu beschreiben.
Nachexzision eines Basalzellkarzinoms an der falschen Lokalisation
Authors: Elsner P. , Meyer J. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Patientin stellte sich in der Sprechstunde einer dermatologischen Klinik wegen zweier Hautveränderungen im Bereich der Nase vor. Der behandelnde Dermatologe entfernte diese in Form tangentialer Abtragungen; die histologische Untersuchung ergab das Vorliegen eines Angiofibroms sowie eines Basalzellkarzinoms, welches nicht im Gesunden entfernt worden war. In Absprache mit der Patientin erfolgte eine Nachexzision. Diese wurde von einem zweiten Dermatologen der Klinik auf der Basis einer unklaren Dokumentation der Primärexzision an einer falschen Stelle durchgeführt.Die Patientin bemängelte die operative Behandlung; deshalb sei eine weitere Operation an der Nase erforderlich geworden. Die Schlichtungsstelle bestätigte, dass es fehlerbedingt zu einer nicht notwendigen Exzision an falscher Stelle mit entsprechender Narbenbildung sowie zu einem ohne den Fehler nicht erforderlichen weiteren Eingriff gekommen sei.Der an der falschen Lokalisation durchgeführte dermatochirurgische Eingriff („wrong site surgery“) ist ein in der Dermatochirurgie bekanntes Fehlergeschehen. Als Präventionsmaßnahme hat sich eine sog. „Time-out“ („Auszeit“) bewährt, wobei vor und ggf. während einer Operation diese unterbrochen wird zur Bestätigung des richtigen Patienten, Eingriffs und Ortes. Im vorliegenden Fall wurde die Wahl des falschen Nachexzisionsortes gefördert durch eine unklare Dokumentation der Primärexzision und eine fehlende Kommunikation zwischen den behandelnden Dermatologen über die korrekte Exzisionsstelle. Gemäß § 630 h BGB tritt eine Beweislastumkehr bei der Haftung für Behandlungs- und Aufklärungsfehler ein, wenn es sich um ein sog. „voll beherrschbares Risiko“ handelt; um ein solches handelt es sich bei einer Exzisionsstellenverwechslung. Der berichtete Fall beleuchtet gleichzeitig die Probleme der ärztlichen Arbeitsteilung; nach der sog. „horizontalen Arbeitsteilung“ darf jeder Facharzt zunächst darauf vertrauen, dass ein anderer an der Behandlung beteiligter Facharzt seine Pflichten aus dem Behandlungsvertrag korrekt erfüllt. Entstehen jedoch Zweifel, wie im vorliegenden Fall bzgl. der Dokumentation der korrekten Exzisionsstelle, darf der zweitbehandelnde Arzt nicht unbesehen handeln, sondern muss sich selbstverantwortlich der richtigen Diagnose, in diesem Fall bzgl. der Lokalisation des Basalzellkarzinoms, vergewissern. Durch eine Nachfrage beim erstbehandelnden Dermatologen wäre der Behandlungsfehler zu vermeiden gewesen.
Feasibility of ultrathin endoscope for esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Tanaka Masami , Nakamura Satoshi , Nomura Kosuke , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Ochiai Yorinari , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsui Akira , Hoteya Shu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely performed for superficial esophageal cancer, but stricture after extensive resection is a major clinical problem. Using an ultrathin endoscope would enable endoscopists to approach lesions beyond the stricture. We evaluated the feasibility of an ultrathin endoscope for esophageal ESD.
Methods To perform ESD with an ultrathin endoscope, we developed a transparent hood and ESD knife. A total of 24 esophageal ESDs were performed by two endoscopists with excised and live porcine esophaguses. A GIF-Q260 J and Dual knife were used in the conventional group and the GIF-XP260NS and a newly developed knife were used in the ultrathin group. En bloc resection rates, perforation rates, and procedure times were compared.
Results All 24 lesions were resected en bloc without perforation. The mean procedure time was longer in the ultrathin group, although not significantly so (274.3 ± 81.8 s vs 435.8 ± 313.9 s, respectively; P = 0.22).
Conclusion Although the procedure time was longer in the ultrathin group, en bloc resection was performed without any perforation. The findings indicate that esophageal ESD with an ultrathin endoscope is feasible.
Evaluation der Effektivität einer Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) zur perioperativen Therapie bei kolorektalen Operationen
Authors: Willis Maria A. , Engel Felix M. , Wiedemann Charlotte , van Beekum Cornelius , Coburn Mark , Thudium Marcus , Kalff Jörg C. , Vilz Tim O. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die perioperative Betreuung kolorektalchirurgischer Patienten nach dem Fast-Track-Konzept wurde in den letzten Jahren zunehmend standardisiert und ist als strukturierte Betreuungsmethode zur Reduktion perioperativer Komplikationen weithin akzeptiert. Erste Untersuchungen lassen sogar einen langfristigen positiven Effekt auf das onkologische Outcome vermuten, sofern eine Adhärenz der Einzelmaßnahmen von mindestens 70% besteht. Trotz eindeutiger Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit des modernen perioperativen Behandlungskonzeptes bleibt die Einhaltung des Protokolls im klinischen Alltag, insbesondere in Deutschland, eine Herausforderung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Adhärenzrate vor und nach Einführung einer SOP zu erfassen und deren Wirksamkeit zu evaluieren.
Methoden Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse der Patientendaten aller elektiven kolorektalchirurgischen Operationen der Bonner Universitätsklinik von 2017 bis 2020. 153 Patienten wurden vor der Implementierung der SOP im Januar 2019 operiert (Gruppe I), die restlichen 153 Patienten wurden nach der Implementierung der SOP operiert und entsprechend betreut (Gruppe II). Die Protokolladhärenz wurde sowohl für die einzelnen Schlüsselinterventionen als auch für das Gesamtkonzept analysiert.
Ergebnisse Zwar konnte sowohl für verschiedene Einzelmaßnahmen (Prähabilitation Gruppe I: 5,9%, Gruppe II: 42,5%, p < 0,001; Darmvorbereitung I: 16,5%, II: 73,9%, p < 0,001; intraoperatives Volumenmanagement I: 14,00 ml/kgKG/h [KG: Körpergewicht], II: 9,12 ml/kgKG/h, p < 0,001; minimalinvasive Operationstechnik I: 53,6%, II: 73,9%, p < 0,001 etc.) als auch für das gesamte perioperative Behandlungskonzept (I: 39%, II: 54%, p = 0,02) eine signifikante Verbesserung der Compliance gezeigt werden, eine Adhärenz von mindestens 70% wurde jedoch bei Weitem nicht erreicht. Dennoch zeigt sich nach Einführung der SOP eine frühzeitigere Patientenautonomie (I: Tag 15, II: Tag 9, p < 0,001) und eine Verkürzung der postoperativen Krankenhausverweildauer (I: 14 [6 – 99] Tage, II: 11 [4 – 64]; p = 0,007).
Fazit Obwohl die Implementierung der SOP zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Umsetzungsrate geführt hat, besteht noch weiterer Optimierungsbedarf, um die empfohlene Protokolladhärenz von 70% zu erreichen. Klinikintern kann hierbei neben der Gründung interdisziplinärer Fast-Track-Teams eine spezialisierte Fast-Track-Pflegekraft als Bindeglied zwischen Patienten, Pflege und Ärzten hilfreich sein. Für eine flächendeckende, deutschlandweite Implementierung hingegen sind Maßnahmen mit größerer Hebelkraft notwendig. Eine Hilfestellung wird hierbei die in Arbeit befindliche S3-Leitlinie zum perioperativen Management gastrointestinaler Tumoren geben, insbesondere als Argumentationsgrundlage gegenüber Kostenträgern.
Colocalization of Erythrocytes and Vascular Calcification in Human Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Histomorphometric Analysis
Authors: Böhm Elsa Wilma , Pavlaki Maria , Chalikias Georgios , Mikroulis Dimitrios , Georgiadis George S. , Tziakas Dimitrios N. , Konstantinides Stavros , Schäfer Katrin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground Intimal calcification typically develops in advanced atherosclerosis, and microcalcification may promote plaque progression and instability. Conversely, intraplaque hemorrhage and erythrocyte extravasation may stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and intralesional calcium phosphate deposition. The presence of erythrocytes and their main cellular components (membranes, hemoglobin, and iron) and colocalization with calcification has never been systematically studied.Methods and Results We examined three types of diseased vascular tissue specimens, namely, degenerative aortic valve stenosis (n = 46), atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques (n = 9), and abdominal aortic aneurysms (n = 14). Biomaterial was obtained from symptomatic patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement, carotid artery endatherectomy, or aortic aneurysm repair, respectively. Serial sections were stained using Masson–Goldner trichrome, Alizarin red S, and Perl's iron stain to visualize erythrocytes, extracelluar matrix and osteoid, calcium phosphate deposition, or the presence of iron and hemosiderin, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect erythrocyte membranes (CD235a), hemoglobin or the hemoglobin scavenger receptor (CD163), endothelial cells (CD31), myofibroblasts (SMA), mesenchymal cells (osteopontin), or osteoblasts (periostin). Our analyses revealed a varying degree of intraplaque hemorrhage and that the majority of extravasated erythrocytes were lysed. Osteoid and calcifications also were frequently present, and erythrocyte membranes were significantly more prevalent in areas with calcification. Areas with extravasated erythrocytes frequently contained CD163-positive cells, although calcification also occurred in areas without CD163 immunosignals.Conclusion Our findings underline the presence of extravasated erythrocytes and their membranes in different types of vascular lesions, and their association with areas of calcification suggests an active role of erythrocytes in vascular disease processes.
Antithrombotic Therapy Recommendations in the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines: How Robust Are the Randomized Controlled Trials Underpinning Them?
Authors: Santos Catarina M. dos , Prada Luísa , David Cláudio , Costa João , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Pinto Fausto J. , Caldeira Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction Criticisms have been raised against the sole use of p-value in interpreting results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Additional tools have been suggested, like the fragility index (FI), a measure of a trial's robustness/fragility, and derivative measures. The FI is the minimum number of patients who would have to be converted from nonevents to events, in the group with the least events, for a result to lose statistical significance.Objective This study aimed to evaluate RCT supporting European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines regarding antithrombotics, using the FI and FI-related measures.Methods FI, fragility quotient (FQ), and FI minus LTF lost to follow-up (FI − LTF) were calculated for the RCT underpinning recommendations regarding antithrombotic therapy from the updated ESC guidelines. LTF was compared with FI. Results were calculated for the total group of studies, as per guideline and as per recommendation type.Results Overall, 61 studies were included. The median FI was 24.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9.0–60.0) and median FQ was 0.0035 (IQR: 0.0019–0.0056). Median FI − LTF was 2.0 (IQR: 0.0–38.0). Twenty (32.8%) of the studies had one primary or main safety outcome with LTF exceeding FI. Peripheral arterial disease guideline and chronic coronary syndrome guideline had the lowest (2.5; IQR: 1.8–3.3) and the highest (48.5; IQR: 23.8–73.0) FI, respectively.Conclusion The median FI suggests robustness of clinical trials evaluating antithrombotic drugs cited in the guidelines, but about one-third of them had LTF larger than FI. This emphasizes the need for assessing trials' robustness when constructing guidelines.