bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENERGIZING COMMUNITIES THROUGH PARTNERSHIPS WITH EXTERNAL ACTORS: SMALL-SCALE HYDROPOWER PROJECTS IN JAPAN
Authors: Honda Yasuko 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to specify the contextual conditions that allow for the success of community renewable energy projects, against the background of the expanding use of renewable energy. It analyzes cases where farmers invested in organizations to establish ownership of hydropower plants in the Chugoku region, Japan. Community renewable energy projects derived from local initiatives to provide an alternative energy resource and serve as a catalyst for rural development. However, the costs of small hydropower plant construction and the expert knowledge required for their operation could hinder the diffusion of the technology. Population decline and aging in rural communities also constrain the development of community renewable energy projects. This study presents cases that illuminate the conditions enabling these organizations to succeed in securing the necessary resources for the operation of their renewable energy plants. The survey illustrates how studied organizations have opted to collaborate with external actors to construct or refurbish their plants. The findings indicate that as building partnerships with external actors often becomes essential, it is vital to develop a business-minded framework in which both communities and external actors can financially benefit from introducing small hydropower projects. The cases also reveal that in building collaborative relationships, broad disparities exist between communities and external actors in financial power and expert knowledge, which give the latter substantial advantages in negotiations. An additional important claim derived is that, for an effective partnership that enables a successful community renewable energy project, a third party with expert knowledge and the ability to audit partnership-building processes could play a crucial role in securing community initiatives and independence.
In Situ Hybridization for Molecular Detection of Human Papilloma Viral 6 / 11 DNA in Adenoctomized Tissues from A group of Iraqi Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ali Saad Hasan Mohammed , Mohammed Khalil Ismail A. , Ali Wifaq M. , AL-Fakhar Suha A. , Al-Alwany Shakir H. Mohammed , Mousa Jinan M. 
Published: July 2021

Among more than 200 different human papilloma viral genotypes, the association of low oncogenic risk-HPV genotypes have been recognized with a variety of oral, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal benign tumors as well as non-neoplastic polyposis and papillomas and adenoid hypertrophy. This prospective case- control study aims to determine the rate of DNA detection of HPV genotype 6/11 in nasopharyngeal adeno- tonsillar tissues from a group of patients subjected to adenoctomy for adenoid hypertrophy . A total number of nasopharyngeal adeno-tonsillar tissue specimens from pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled; 40 nasopharyngeal adeno-tonsillar tissues from patients with adenoid hypertrophy, and 20 normal nasal tissue specimens were obtained from pediatric patients following trimming operations of their inferior nasal turbinates' with unremarkable pathological changes (as an apparently healthy control group). The molecular detection methods for HPV detection were performed by using DNA probes via a recent version of chromogenic in situ hybridization specified for low- risk HPV genotypes. Among total adenoid hypertrophied tissue specimens group, 8 out of 40 were found to contain positive results for DNA of HPV 6 / 11 genotype, constituting 20% of the total screened nasopharyngeal adenotonsillar tissues. No positive– CISH reactions were detected in the control nasal tissues. The statistical analysis of results in this research showed significant difference when compared to the control apparently healthy tissues. The significant rate of low- oncogenic HPV genotypes detection in those adenoid hypertrophied tissues could play, in part, a role in their pathogenesis and / or constituting a herald focus for the spread of such important virally transmitted infection.
Impact of Culture Media Composition, Nutrients Stress and Gamma Radiation on Biomass and Lipid of the Green Microalga, Dictyochloropsis splendida as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Shanab Sanaa Mahmoud Metwally , Abo-State Mervat Aly Mohamed , Ali Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Biodiesel production from microalgae depends on the biomass and lipid production. Both biomass and lipid accumulation is controlled by several factors. The effect of various culture media (BG11, BBM, and Urea), nutrients stress [nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg) and carbonate (CO3)] and gamma (γ) radiation on the growth and lipid accumulation of Dictyochloropsis splendida were investigated. The highest biomass and lipid yield of D. splendida were achieved on BG11 medium. Cultivation of D. splendida in a medium containing 3000 mg L−1 N, or 160 mg L−1 P, or 113 mg L−1 Mg, or 20 mg L-1 CO3, led to enhanced growth rate. While under the low concentrations of nutrients caused a marked increase in the lipid content. Cultures exposure to 25 Gy of γ-rays, led to an increase in lipid content up to 18.26 ± 0.81 %. Lipid profile showed the maximum presence of saturated fatty acids (SFAs, 63.33%), and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs, 37.02%). Fatty acids (FAs) recorded the predominance of C16:0, C18:2, C15:0 and C16:1, which strongly proved D. splendida is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production.
New White Method of Parameters and Reliability Estimation for Transmuted Power Function Distribution
Authors: Salih Makki A. Mohammed , Eidi Jaafer Hmood 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an estimate has been made for parameters and the reliability function for Transmuted power function (TPF) distribution through using some estimation methods as proposed new technique for white, percentile, least square, weighted least square and modification moment methods. A simulation was used to generate random data that follow the (TPF) distribution on three experiments (E1 , E2 , E3) of the real values of the parameters, and with sample size (n=10,25,50 and 100) and iteration samples (N=1000), and taking reliability times (0< t < 0) . Comparisons have been made between the obtained results from the estimators using mean square error (MSE). The results showed the percentile estimator is the best in (E1, E2) but modification moment is the best in (E3) .
Some Results on Fixed Points for Monotone Inward Mappings in Geodesic Spaces
Authors: Jassim Khalid Abed 
Published: July 2021

In this article, the partially ordered relation is constructed in geodesic spaces by betweeness property, A monotone sequence is generated in the domain of monotone inward mapping, a monotone inward contraction mapping is a monotone Caristi inward mapping is proved, the general fixed points for such mapping is discussed and A mutlivalued version of these results is also introduced.
Physical Properties of Cu Doped ZnO Nanocrystiline Thin Films
Authors: Abbas Nada K. , Shanan Zainab J. , Mohammed Teeba H. 
Published: July 2021

Thin films of ZnO nano crystalline doped with different concentrations (0, 6, 9, 12, and 18 )wt. % of copper were deposited on a glass substrate via pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). The properties of ZnO: Cu thin-nanofilms have been studied by absorbing UV-VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopes (AFM). UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the type and value of the optical energy gap, while X-ray diffraction was used to examine the structure and determine the size of the crystals. Atomic force microscopes were used to study the surface formation of precipitated materials. The UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the type and value of the optical energy gap.
District-Led Malaria Surveillance and Response as an Effective Way to Manage Malaria Upsurges Following The Withdrawal of Indoor Residual Spraying: A Case Study From Nwoya District, Northern Uganda
Authors: Nuwa Anthony , Oola Janet , Obonyo Sam Okot , Feldman Mitra , Karungi Shirah Christine , Kertho Edmound , Odong David Salandini , Kimera Isaac , Magumba Godfrey , Beinomugisha Geofrey , Chitty Alexandra , Tibenderana James Kananura , Opigo Jimmy , Abwaimo Francis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria remains the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In 2009, the United States’ President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) funded an indoor residual spraying (IRS) project in 10 Mid- northern districts, resulting in marked reductions in malaria prevalence over five years, from 62.5 percent to 7.2 percent. When the project was completed and IRS subsequently withdrawn, malaria prevalence increased dramatically to pre-IRS level of 63 percent in 2016 and was characterised by frequent life-threatening upsurges that were exasperated by a weak national led malaria surveillance system with delayed and piece meal responses. Malaria Consortium with funding from DFID and UNICEF collaborated with Nwoya district local government to implement a district led surveillance and response system. This study was conducted to compare the impact of District led and national led surveillance and response systems on overall malaria burden in two sub-counties in Nwoya district, Northern Uganda. MethodsThe assessment which followed the shift from the national led malaria surveillance and response system to district/sub-district led system was conducted between week 41 of 2018 and week 10 of 2019 and focused on two sub-counties in Nwoya district i.e. Anaka and Alero. A district multi-sectoral malaria response taskforce team, known as the District Malaria Surveillance and Response Team (DMSRT), was formed by the Nwoya District Health Team (DHT). The DMSRT was trained and equipped with new surveillance tools for early detection of and response to malaria upsurges within the district. The DMSRT was also tasked with the responsibility of developing a costed district malaria response plan. The DHT held regular technical meetings with relevant stakeholders to assess the performance of the DMSRT based on the plan. ResultsAll (18) targeted health facilities provided weekly malaria reports and continuously updated the malaria normal channels. There was an overall reduction in weekly new malaria cases from 12.9 in week 41 of 2018 to 6.2 cases in week 10 of 2019. Malaria Positivity Rates (TPR) for Alero and Anaka sub-counties reduced from 76.0 percent and 69.3 percent at week 42 of 2018 to 28 percent and 30.3 percent respectively at week 10 of 2019. ConclusionsMalaria surveillance and response, with precisely targeted multipronged activities, when led and implemented by local district health authorities is an effective, efficient, and sustainable approach to prevent malaria upsurges and associated morbidity and mortality.
Implementation of the Mental Capacity Act: a national observational study of changes in place of death for older heart failure patients with or without comorbid dementia
Authors: Beattie James M. , Higginson Irene J. , McDonagh Theresa A. , Gao Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Heart failure is increasingly prevalent in the growing elderly population and commonly associated with cognitive impairment. This study compared trends in place of death (PoD) of heart failure patients with / without comorbid dementia over the period of implementation of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) in October 2007, this legislation supporting patient-centred decision making for those with reduced agency.Methods: Analyses of death certification data for England between January 2001 and December 2018, describing the PoD and sociodemographic characteristics of all people ≥ 65 years registered with heart failure as the underlying cause of death, with / without a mention of comorbid dementia. Multiple Poisson regression modelling was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) of dying at home or in care homes compared to dying in hospital. Covariates included year of death, age, gender, marital status, comorbidity burden, index of multiple deprivation and urban / rural settings.Results:120,068 heart failure-related death records were included of which 8199 mentioned dementia as a contributory cause. The overall prevalence of dementia was 6.8%, the trend significantly increasing from 5.6% to 8.0% pre- and post-MCA (p<0.0001). Dementia was coded as unspecified (78.2%), Alzheimer’s disease (13.5%) and vascular (8.3%). Those with dementia were more commonly older, female, widowed, and had more comorbidities. Pre-MCA, PoD for heart failure patients without dementia was hospital 68.2%, care homes 20.2%, 10.7% dying at home. The corresponding figures for those with comorbid dementia were 47.6%, 48.0% and 4.2%, respectively. Following MCA enforcement, PoD for those without dementia shifted from hospital to home, PR: 1.026 [95%CI: 1.024-1.029]. This trend was not significant for those with dementia, PR: 1.001 [0.988-1.015], hospital deaths increasing. Care home deaths reduced for all, with or without dementia, PR: 0.959 [0.949-0.969], and PR: 0.996 [0.993-0.998], respectively. Hospice as PoD was rare for both groups (≤0.5%) with no appreciable change over the study period.Conclusions: Our analyses suggest the MCA did not materially affect the PoD of heart failure decedents with comorbid dementia, likely reflecting difficulties implementing this legislation in real-life clinical practice.
Influence of Vitamin D3 Supplementation On Infliximab Effectiveness in Chinese Patients With Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xia Sheng-long , Min Quan-jia , Shao Xiao-xiao , Lin Dao-po , Ma Guo-long , Wu Hao , Cao Shu-guang , Jiang Yi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: It remains uncertain whether vitD3 supplementation is beneficial for remission of Crohn’s disease (CD). The influence of vitD3 supplementation on Infliximab (IFX) effectiveness was analyzed in Chinese CD patients.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, moderate-to-severe CD patients, who were bio-naïve and prescribed with IFX treatment for at least 54 weeks, were recorded from January 2014 to December 2019. VitD3 supplementation was defined as patients additionally took oral vitD3 (125 IU/d) within 3 days after the first infusion and persisted in the whole follow-up period. Disease activity was assessed using Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI). Serum cytokine profiles (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ) were quantitatively analyzed in a subset of all patients at baseline and 54-week after intervention.Results: Among 73 enrolled patients, 37 took vitD3 regularly (D3-patients), the others (non-D3-patients) did not. At 54-week, the mean 25-hydroxyvitaminD level increased in D3-patients (20.33 ng/mL vs. 15.07 ng/mL, P<0.001). The clinical remission rate was higher in D3-patients compared to non-D3-patients (83.8% vs. 61.6%, P=0.030). The decrease of HBI from baseline to 54-week was more in D3-patients than non-D3-patients (7.41±3.0 vs. 6.28±2.75, P=0.023). Furthermore, vitD3 supplementation was independently related to the increase of remission rate at 54-week in D3-patients (β=-1.667, P=0.015). The benefit of vitD3 supplementation was significant only in patients with deficient vitD3 (all P<0.05), but not in non-deficient vitD3. In non-D3-patients, the decreases of TNF-α and IL-6 at 54-week were more obvious than at baseline (P=0.032, 0.022, respectively). In D3-patients, however, only IL-10 increased at 54-week compared with its baseline value (P=0.037).Conclusions: VitD3 supplementation could not only improve IFX effectiveness, especially for patients with vitD3 deficiency, but also affected the cytokine profiles in CD patients.Trial registration: NCT04606017.
Condition-based Maintenance Optimization for Gamma Deteriorating Systems under Performance-based Contracting
Authors: Zhu Xi , Wen Liang , Li Juan , Song Mingchang , Hu Qiwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the further development of service-oriented, performance-based contracting (PBC) has been widely adopted in industry and manufacturing. However, maintenance optimization problems under PBC have not received enough attention. To further extend the scope of PBC’s application in the field of maintenance optimization, we investigate the condition-based maintenance (CBM) optimization for gamma deteriorating systems under PBC. Considering the repairable single-component system subject to the gamma degradation process, this paper proposes a CBM optimization model to maximize the profit and improve system performance at a relatively low cost under PBC. In the proposed CBM model, the first inspection interval has been considered in order to reduce the inspection frequency and the cost rate. Then, a particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and related solution procedure are presented to solve the multiple decision variables in our proposed model. In the end, a numerical example is provided so as to demonstrate the superiority of the presented model. By comparing the proposed policy with the conventional ones, the superiority of our proposed policy is proved, which can bring more profits to providers and improve performance. Sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to research the effect of corrective maintenance cost and time required for corrective maintenance on optimization policy. A comparative study is given to illustrate the necessity of distinguishing the first inspection interval or not.
Is Myopia Accelerated In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Children? Analyses From The Ocular Parameters
Authors: Xiao Ying , Qian Yu , Yang Chenhao , Zou Haidong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Compare ocular biometry with or without myopia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy children in China, to analyze the difference between myopia T1DM children and myopia healthy children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, the children were divided into one of four subgroups depended on myopia or non-myopia, T1DM or non-DM. The participants were evaluated for anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), average keratometry (K), and lens power (P); also cycloplegic refraction was performed, and spherical equivalent (SE) was acquired.Results: Two hundred and four eyes of 102 patients with T1DM and 174 eyes of 87 healthy subjects were included. In age-sex adjusted analysis, myopia T1DM subgroup showed thicker LT (p < 0.001), shallower ACD (p = 0.009), lager P (p < 0.001), shorter AL (p = 0.004), similar K and SE (all p > 0.05) than myopia control subgroup. Also in age-sex adjusted analysis, myopia T1DM subgroup showed deeper ACD (p = 0.041), longer AL (p < 0.001), similar LT, K and P ( all p > 0.05) than non-myopia T1DM subgroup. For the relationship of ACD, LT, AL, and P with myopia, in T1DM patients, eyes with longer AL (OR, 10.665; p < 0.001) and larger P (OR, 1.348; p = 0.033) were more likely to have myopia; in healthy controls, eyes with longer AL were more likely to have myopia (OR, 11.956; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In myopia T1DM children, ACD deepened than non-myopia T1DM children, yet not profound enough than healthy myopia children, while LT remained unchanged comparing to non-myopia T1DM children, therefore the lens lacked the ability to lose power as compensation to AL growth, these were the evidence that myopia would be accelerated in T1DM children.
Effect of The Autophagy Mechanism of TSCs Induced by Oxidative Stress Under Beclin1-mTOR Interaction
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Liu Shaojin , Zheng Weipeng , Liao Zhihao , Chen Sheng , Wei Hewei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Tendinopathy is a chronic injury disease caused by repeated traction. It is characterized by exercise-related pain, increased local tendon sensitivity, and imaging changes in the tendon. Rotator cuff injury is one of the typical tendinopathy. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSC) play a vital role in the development of tendinopathy. Our previous studies have found that reactive oxygen species increase after rotator cuff injury and the oxidative stress response is strengthened, but whether oxidative stress induces TDSC autophagy to promote tendon bone healing is not clear.
Methods

First, we collected the injured and normal tendon tissues of patients with rotator cuff injury, detected the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anion (SOD) in the tissues, detected Beclin1, mTOR gene expression by qPCR, and WB (Western blotting). Beclin1, p-mTOR/mTOR protein expression.Then, we extracted human tendon stem cells (TDSC) from tendon tissue, infected TDSC with recombinant lentivirus pLKO.1-shBeclin1, and verified the expression of Beclin1 by qPCR and WB.Finally, H2O2 and 3-MA were used to intervene TSCs. CCK8 was used to detect the proliferation ability of H2O2 on human TSCs; autophagy staining (MDC), autophagy-lysosome staining (Lyso-Tracker Red) and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe autophagy. Immunofluorescence staining detects the expression of autophagy factor LC3A/B; DCFH-DA detects cellular reactive oxygen species ROS level, Annexin V/PI detects cell apoptosis; WB detects Beclin1, mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser2448), LC3A/B, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression.
Results

In this study, it was found that the expression levels of ROS and Beclin1 in the damaged rotator cuff tissue were higher, while the expression levels of SOD and mTOR were lower. After the recombinant lentivirus pLKO.1-shBeclin1 was infected with TDSC, the expression of Beclin1 decreased. After treating TDSCs with H2O2 and 3-MA, it was found that H2O2 caused an increase in reactive oxygen species ROS content, autophagy levels, and LC3A/B expression in TDSCs, and an increase in Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B, and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Lead to a decrease in the level of apoptosis.
Conclusion

Under the mutual regulation of Beclin1-mTOR, oxidative stress induces the occurrence of autophagy in TSCs, and autophagy may protect TSCs from oxidative stress by reducing the accumulation of ROS.
Design of Dynamic Resource Allocation Scheme for Real-Time and Non-Real-Time Traffics in The Advanced Mobile Communications Network
Authors: Mai Yi-Ting , Hu Chih-Chung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The 5G wireless technology is recently standardized for meeting intense demand. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology provides an easy, time-saving, and low-cost method for deploying a 4G/5G network infrastructure. To support multimedia service and higher bandwidth data delivery, an LTE MAC layer has QoS support with several QoS class indicator (QCI) levels. Based on LTE current QCI priority and QoS requirements in UEs, the original Max-Rate scheduler or Proportionally Fair (PF) algorithm could not achieve their goal owing to the UE’s dynamic physical capacity with a different channel quality indicator (CQI) at run time. For better QoS service than LTE networks, per UE’s CQI state for each resource block (RB) must be considered simultaneously in LTE MAC layer resource allocation with cross-layer support. As DL real estimated capacity is dynamic owing to a UE’s periodic CQI reporting, the CQI state in LTE scheduling must be considered. This study proposes a smart and flexible scheme for Enhanced Utilization Resource Allocation (EURA) including three novel mechanisms that can dynamically fit UEs’ CQI states. The simulation results in this study demonstrate that the proposed EURA scheme outperforms the contrast schemes, can save more rare radio capacity, and improve the utilization of radio resource assignment.