bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin depletion reduces both acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear
Authors: Hagsäter S. Melker , Pettersson Robert , Holmäng Axel , Eriksson Elias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:Whereas numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest a complex involvement of serotonin in the regulation of anxiety, it remains to be clarified if the dominating impact of this transmitter is best described as anxiety-reducing or anxiety-promoting. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of serotonin depletion on acquisition, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear.Methods:Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to foot shocks as unconditioned stimulus and assessed with respect to freezing behaviour when re-subjected to context. Serotonin depletion was achieved by administration of a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (300 mg/kg daily × 3), (i) throughout the period from (and including) acquisition to (and including) expression, (ii) during acquisition but not expression, (iii) after acquisition only, and (iv) during expression only.Results:The time spent freezing was significantly reduced in animals that were serotonin-depleted during the entire period from (and including) acquisition to (and including) expression, as well as in those being serotonin-depleted during either acquisition only or expression only. In contrast, PCPA administrated immediately after acquisition, that is during memory consolidation, did not impact the expression of conditioned fear.Conclusion:Intact serotonergic neurotransmission is important for both acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear.
The Jewish–Christian Dialogue Jason and Papiscus in Light of the Sinaiticus Fragment
Authors: Tolley Harry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor centuries, the lost Jewish-Christian dialogue Jason and Papiscus was known only through various quotations and summaries from Patristic sources. This changed in 2011 with the publication of a newly discovered, large fragment of Jason and Papiscus known as the Sinaiticus fragment. The current article examines the Sinaiticus fragment, compares it to the previously known remnants of Jason and Papiscus and examines the information from the fragment in relation to other texts. Several important new observations are obtained as a result. This article—for the first time—unites the Sinaiticus fragment with all of the Patristic material related to Jason and Papiscus in one appendix, with all entries newly translated by the author with updated notes. This article also contains new digital images of the Sinaiticus fragment.
Labor Migration from Kruševo: Mobility, Ottoman Transformation, and the Balkan Highlands in the 19th Century
Authors: Sefer Akın , Yıldız Aysel , Kabadayı Mustafa Erdem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough mountainous regions remained relatively isolated and almost untouched by the Ottoman rule, labor migration connected the inhabitants of these regions to the socioeconomic and political processes in the Ottoman Empire and beyond. Kruševo, a highland village located in present-day North Macedonia, provides an excellent case for understanding these connections. This paper presents systematic evidence from the Ottoman archives to document and analyze the social, economic, and demographic impacts of labor migration during this period. It provides an in-depth analysis of the Ottoman population and tax records of Kruševo in the 1840s, demonstrating the occupational profiles, migration patterns, and family and neighborhood networks of village residents during this period. Based on this analysis, it argues that labor migration was key to the transformation of social, economic, and demographic relations in rural communities and to the integration of even the most remote highland villages with the modernization processes that characterized the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.
Social and individual factors associated with condom use among single youths: an analysis of the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Rwenge Jean-Robert Mburano , Djourdebbe Franklin Bouba , Ekambi Emmanuel Ekambi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Cameroon, two-fifths of the population is between the age of 15 and 24. Adolescents and youths are an important social group for the development of the country and the realization of the demographic dividend. The promotion of sexual and reproductive health will enable youth to transform their potential into development. This study aimed to identify the determinants of condom use at last sexual intercourse among single youths, highlight gender differences in the factors associated with condom use and identify the characteristics of youths who were less likely to use condoms. Data were taken from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample comprised 1464 single females and 989 single males age 15–24. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. Overall, 51% of the female and 66% of the male youths reported using condoms at last sexual intercourse. For both sexes, the protective factor was not having children. Among the females, belonging to the Bamileke or Mbo ethnic groups and delaying first sexual intercourse were also protective, while working in the modern or service sectors was the main risk factor. Among male youths, residing in households whose heads had a higher educational level was protective and household poverty was the main risk factor. These findings support Cameroon’s multi-sectoral approach to HIV/AIDS prevention among youths, and emphasize the importance of involving parents, teachers and youths in prevention strategies.
Somatic cell count in buffalo milk using fuzzy clustering and image processing techniques
Authors: Silva Ramos Aline , Hora Fontes Cristiano , Magdiel Ferreira Adonias , Costa Baccili Camila , da Silva Karen Nascimento , Gomes Viviani , de Melo Gabriel Jesus Alves 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research communication presents an automatic method for the counting of somatic cells in buffalo milk, which includes the application of a fuzzy clustering method and image processing techniques (somatic cell count with fuzzy clustering and image processing|, SCCFCI). Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is the main biomarker for assessing milk quality and it is traditionally performed by exhaustive methods consisting of the visual observation of cells in milk smears through a microscope, which generates uncertainties associated with human interpretation. Unlike other similar works, the proposed method applies the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) method as a preprocessing step in order to separate the images (objects) of the cells into clusters according to the color intensity. This contributes signficantly to the performance of the subsequent processing steps (thresholding, segmentation and recognition/identification). Two methods of thresholding were evaluated and the Watershed Transform was used for the identification and separation of nearby cells. A detailed statistical analysis of the results showed that the SCCFCI method is able to provide results which are consistent with those obtained by conventional counting. This method therefore represents a viable alternative for quality control in buffalo milk production.
The effect of cereal type and α-tocopherol supplementation on selective quality and processability parameters of milk from late lactation grazing dairy cows
Authors: McKay Zoe C. , O'Sullivan Michael , Lynch Mary B. , Mulligan Finbar J. , Ma Lu , Rajauria Gaurav , Pierce Karina M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research communication addressed the hypothesis that late lactation cows offered an oat-grain-based supplement or a high level of α-TOC supplementation at pasture would have improved milk composition and processability. Over a grazing period of 49 d, 48 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were: control, pasture only (CTRL), pasture + 2.65 kg DM barley-based concentrate + 350 IU α-TOC/kg (BARLO), pasture + 2.65 kg DM oat-based concentrate + 350 IU α-TOC/kg (OATLO) and pasture + 2.65 kg DM oat-based concentrate + 1050 IU α-TOC/kg (OATHI). Within this randomised complete block design experiment cows were blocked on days in milk (DIM) and balanced for parity, milk yield and composition. Rennet coagulation time (RCT) was reduced in milk from cows offered OATHI compared to CTRL cows and OATLO. Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased by OATHI compared to OATLO and in OATLO compared to CTRL. Supplementation with OATHI reduced individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in milk compared to OATLO. In conclusion, supplementing grazing dairy cows with an oat-based supplement improved total milk CLA concentration compared to pasture only. Offering a high level of α-TOC (2931 IU/d) to dairy cows reduced RCT, individual SFA and increased total CLA concentration of milk compared to a lower α-TOC level (738 IU α-TOC/d).
Arytenoid asymmetry: Is it the most predictive parameter for arytenoid adduction in unilateral vocal fold paralysis?
Authors: Menon J R , Mathew A S , Nath S 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish arytenoid asymmetry as a pre-operative predictive parameter for arytenoid adduction surgery in unilateral vocal fold paralysis and thereafter identify the most predictive parameter for arytenoid adduction among the established parameters.MethodsA retrospective comparative study was undertaken. The ‘arytenoid asymmetry angle’ formed between skewed ‘glottic’ and ‘interarytenoid’ axes (traced along the plane of closure of the membranous and cartilaginous glottis, respectively) was quantified in pre-operative laryngoscopic images of 85 adults with unilateral vocal fold paralysis who underwent either type 1 thyroplasty (group 1) or type 1 thyroplasty with arytenoid adduction (group 2). The need for arytenoid adduction was determined intra-operatively based on subjective voice improvement and laryngoscopic results.ResultsArytenoid asymmetry (p < 0.0001), posterior phonatory gap (p = 0.001) and vertical level difference (p = 0.004) were significantly greater in group 2 (descending order of parameters). Arytenoid asymmetry angle showed a significant positive correlation with the latter two parameters.ConclusionArytenoid asymmetry is the most predictive parameter for arytenoid adduction. An arytenoid asymmetry angle of more than or equal to 33.9⁰ is an indication for arytenoid adduction. This aids in pre-operative planning of arytenoid adduction.
The mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults compared with heterosexual adults: results of two nationally representative English household probability samples
Authors: Pitman Alexandra , Marston Louise , Lewis Gemma , Semlyen Joanna , McManus Sally , King Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on inequalities in mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people arises primarily from non-random samples.AimsTo use a probability sample to study change in mental health inequalities between two survey points, 7 years apart; the contribution of minority stress; and whether associations vary by age, gender, childhood sexual abuse, and religious identification.MethodsWe analysed data from 10 443 people, in two English population-based surveys (2007 and 2014), on common mental disorder (CMD), hazardous alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, and economic factors, adding interaction terms for survey year, age, gender, childhood sexual abuse, and religious identification. We explored bullying and discrimination as mediators.ResultsInequalities in risks of CMD or substance misuse were unchanged between 2007 and 2014. Compared to heterosexuals, bisexual, and lesbian/gay people were more likely to have CMD, particularly bisexual people [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.86; 95% CI 1.83–4.46], and to report alcohol misuse and illicit drug use. When adjusted for bullying, odds of CMD remained elevated only for bisexual people (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI 1.64–6.30), whilst odds of alcohol and drug misuse were unchanged. When adjusted for discrimination, odds of CMD and alcohol misuse remained elevated only for bisexual people (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.80–4.72; and AOR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.03–2.57 respectively), whilst odds of illicit drug use remained unchanged. There were no interactions with age, gender, childhood sexual abuse, or religious identification.ConclusionsMental health inequalities in non-heterosexuals have not narrowed, despite increasing societal acceptance. Bullying and discrimination may help explain the elevated rate of CMD in lesbian women and gay men but not in bisexual people.
An investigation of the competencies involved in the facilitation of CBT-based group psychoeducational interventions
Authors: Noble Louise A. , Firth Nick , Delgadillo Jaime , Kellett Stephen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground:Whilst the delivery of low-intensity group psychoeducation is a key feature of the early steps of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme, there is little consensus regarding the skills and competencies demanded.Aims:To identify the competencies involved in facilitating CBT-based group psychoeducation in order to inform future measure development.Method:A Delphi study in which participants (n= 36) were relevant IAPT stakeholders and then an expert panel (n= 8) review of the competencies identified within the Delphi study to create a shortened, more practical list of competencies.Results:After three consultation rounds, consensus was reached on 36 competencies. These competencies were assigned to four main categories: group set-up, content, process and closure. A further expert review produced a shortened 16-item set of psychoeducation group facilitation competencies.Conclusions:The current study has produced a promising framework for assessing facilitator competency in delivering CBT-based group psychoeducational interventions. Weaknesses in the Delphi approach are noted and directions for future measure development research are identified.
Retirement decisions in a changing labor market
Authors: Clark Robert L. , Newhouse Joseph P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe papers in this volume examine a series of important questions that influence the transition from full time employment to complete retirement. Retirement is shown to be a process as individuals move from career jobs to bridge jobs to being out of the labor force. The articles examine the characteristics of bridge jobs and the employment conditions that older workers prefer. Analysis provided by the authors show the importance of saving throughout work life and how pension plans and retirement saving plans influence the timing of retirement.
Characterization of flowering time response among recombinant inbred lines of WAB638-1/PRIMAVERA rice under reproductive stage drought stress
Authors: Adeboye Kehinde A. , Oduwaye Olusegun A. , Daniel Isaac O. , Fofana Mamadou , Semon Mande 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNinety-eight high-yielding recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of WAB638-1/PRIMAVERA rice were evaluated with the parents under reproductive stage drought stress. The study aimed at characterizing flowering time response under drought stress and consequently classifying the genetic resources for efficient use in breeding programmes. Two field trials were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 dry seasons using the randomized complete block design with two replications. In 2016, 12 RILs were evaluated with the parents for the rooting attributes under drought stress and well-watered treatments. Analysis of variance revealed a significant (P < 0.05) variation among the genotypes for the traits evaluated. Drought stress reduced most of the characters in this study, including grain yield. However, the inbred lines exhibited considerable tolerance to drought stress as indicated by yield-related stress indexes, including stress susceptibility and drought tolerance indexes. Delayed flowering (FD) was recorded in 75 genotypes (including WAB638-1), while 25 genotypes (including PRIMAVERA) had no delay under drought stress compared to the control. The genotypes were grouped into flowering delay (D) genotypes (FD > 1 d) and no delay (N) genotypes (FD < 1 d), which significantly differ (P ⩽ 0.05) for numbers of days to 50% flowering. The flowering delay genotypes may be suitable for intermittent drought, while genotypes with little or no delay may be selected for terminal drought conditions. There was a significant correlation (r > 0.5) between the root length and number of days to 50% flowering. The study indicated that root parameters, such as the root length, may contribute to the drought adaptation mechanisms of the RILs.
Nanoscale Textural and Chemical Evolution of Silica Fault Mirrors in the Wasatch Fault Damage Zone, Utah, USA
Authors: Houser L. M. , Ault A. K. , Newell D. L. , Evans J. P. , Shen F.‐A. , Van Devener B. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh‐spatial resolution textural and geochemical data from thin slip surfaces in exhumed fault zones archive thermal and rheological signatures of past fault slip. A network of minor, glossy, iridescent silica fault mirrors (FMs) cut Paleoproterozoic gneiss in the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), Utah. We report field to nanoscale observations from scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy of a silica FM to infer deformation mechanisms during FM development. The FM volume comprises a ∼40–90 μm‐thick basal layer of sintered, µm‐ to nm‐diameter silica particles with polygonal to anhedral morphologies, pervasive crystalline Ti‐bearing phases containing measurable N, and µm‐ to nm‐scale void spaces. Silica particles lack shape and crystallographic preferred orientation and some are predominantly amorphous with internal crystalline domains. The basal layer is overlain by a ∼10–130 nm‐thick, chemically heterogeneous, amorphous film at the FM interface. Mass balance calculations of Ti in the basal layer and host rock indicate the FM volume can be sourced from the underlying gneiss. Multiple textural and geochemical lines of evidence, including N substitution in Ti‐bearing phases, support temperature rise during deformation, associated amorphization of host gneiss, and creation of the FM volume. During thermal decay, interstitial anatase and titanite fully crystallized, silica textures capture their incipient crystallization, and some residual elements are solidified in the nanofilm. Our results support a mechanism of weakening and re‐strengthening of silica FM during fault slip and, together with data from adjacent hematite FMs, record shallow, ancient microseismicity in the WFZ.
Along‐Stream Variations in Valley Flank Erosion Rates Measured Using 10Be Concentrations in Colluvial Deposits From Canyons in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Zavala Valeria , Carretier Sébastien , Regard Vincent , Bonnet Stéphane , Riquelme Rodrigo , Choy Sandrine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe widening and deepening of river valleys occur at different rates. This co‐evolution is largely undocumented over thousands of years. Uncertainties on incision and widening laws limit the ability of models to reproduce erosion rates and responses to tectonics and climate over geologic timescales. We studied two 1 km‐deep canyons in northern Chile, both characterized by valley widening after the upward migration of a major knickzone but with a diachronous incision initiation. We use 10Be concentrations measured in colluvial deposits to quantify the erosion rates E of along‐stream valley flanks. We observe that E increases in the knickzone, with well‐defined relationships (R2 = 0.7): E increases quasilinearly with the valley‐bed slope and decreases with the valley width (exponent ∼‐0.4). Our results suggest that E decreases with time but that valley flank weathering may sustain a significant lateral erosion rate. Our results provide data for testing erosion laws governing valley widening.
A Paleoseismic Record Spanning 2‐Myr Reveals Episodic Late Pliocene Deformation in the Western Qaidam Basin, NE Tibet
Authors: Lu Yin , Marco Shmuel , Wetzler Nadav , Fang Xiaomin , Alsop G. Ian , Hubert‐Ferrari Aurélia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe western Qaidam Basin, NE Tibet contains numerous NW‐SE‐trending thrusts that extend over a distance of ∼300 km along the Altyn Tagh Fault and north of the Kunlun Range. However, little is known about the long‐term seismo‐tectonic evolution of this active thrust zone due to the absence of an extended paleoseismic record. We present a 2‐Myr‐long disturbance record established from a core drilled on the crest of a thrust‐cored anticline. Based on detailed sedimentological analysis, the disturbances (micro‐faults, soft‐sediment deformation, slumps, and detachment surfaces) are interpreted as paleoearthquake/tectonic indicators. The core records five seismite clusters which occurred at 3.6‐3.5, 3.4‐3.2, 3.15‐3.1, 3.0‐2.9, and 2.8‐2.75 Ma. This suggests the rate of tectonic strain accommodated by the folds and thrusts in the region varies and thus reveals episodic local deformation. During the clusters, regional deformation is concentrated more in the fold‐and‐thrust system than along regional major strike‐slip faults.
Unusual Seismic Signals in the Sevier Desert, Utah Possibly Related to the Black Rock Volcanic Field
Authors: Mesimeri Maria , Pankow Kristine L. , Barnhart William D. , Whidden Katherine M. , Hale J. Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn September 12, 2018 and April 14, 2019 shallow (<2.5 km from the surface, <1 km relative to sea level) earthquakes (Mw 4.0 and 4.1, respectively) struck a relatively aseismic area in south‐central Utah, within the Black Rock Desert volcanic field. Seismic waveforms are dominated by long‐period energy, no clear direct S‐wave arrivals, and signal durations of ∼100 s. Using co‐seismic interferograms, we detect clear and distinguishable surface deformation confirming the shallowness of the two mainshocks, while full moment tensor solutions rule out an isotropic source, such as an explosion or collapse. For the April 2019 sequence, we build an earthquake catalog using a dense temporary geophone array. The enhanced earthquake catalog shows a rapidly decaying aftershock sequence, with 85% of aftershocks occurring during the first three hours. Combining these observations, we argue that these earthquake sequences are related to the Black Rock Desert volcanic field.
Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Formation Over the Western North Pacific by the ENSO Combination Mode
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J. , Duan Yihong , Zhuge Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a combination mode (C‐mode) is formed by nonlinear interactions between the western Pacific warm pool annual cycle and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variability. We find a significant inverse relationship between western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and the C‐mode index on monthly timescales from 1970 to 2019. During positive C‐mode phases, TC formation is significantly suppressed over a region spanning 5°N‐20°N and 140°E‐175°E, primarily due to reduced 850‐hPa relative vorticity and increased 850‐200‐hPa vertical wind shear. By contrast, there is significantly enhanced TC genesis over the region spanning 25°N‐30°N and 125°E‐135°E, mainly due to increased 850‐hPa relative vorticity and 600‐hPa relative humidity. All of these changes in atmospheric conditions are further linked to an anomalous large‐scale anticyclone over the WNP generated by the C‐mode. Our results suggest that C‐mode variability can serve as a potential predictor for forecasting monthly WNP TC activity.