bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welcoming the Unwelcome: Refugee Flows, Refugee Rights, and Political Violence
Authors: Savun Burcu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines refugee-related violence by exploring the effect of extensive refugee rights on the risk of civil conflict and violent attacks against refugees by local population. The provision of fundamental rights, such as the freedom of movement, can reduce refugee groups’ grievances, the risk of radicalization, and the ability of militant organizations to recruit refugees, thereby decreasing the risk of civil conflict. Regarding the behavior of local population toward refugees, two opposing effects of refugee rights may be at play. Extensive refugee policies may trigger civilian backlash by aggravating the perception of threat posed by refugees and increase the risk of civilian attacks against refugees. On the other hand, allowing refugees to integrate into society may provide economic benefits for locals and facilitate socialization between groups, reducing the motivation of citizens to target refugees. Using an original global dataset on refugee rights, I find that liberal refugee policies are associated with a reduction in the risk of civil conflict as well as anti-refugee violence in host states. This suggests that host governments and international organizations should give greater priority to guaranteeing refugee rights and promoting income-generating activities among uprooted populations to minimize potential security risks associated with refugees.
Crohn’s and Colitis Canada’s 2021 Impact of COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Mental Health and Quality of Life
Authors: Graff Lesley A , Fowler Sharyle , Jones Jennifer L , Benchimol Eric I , Bitton Alain , Huang James Guoxian , Kuenzig M Ellen , Kaplan Gilaad G , Lee Kate , Mukhtar Mariam S , Tandon Parul , Targownik Laura E , Windsor Joseph W , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been a dramatic rise in mental health difficulties during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While young adults have the lowest risk of hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19, they have been identified as being at highest risk of detrimental mental health outcomes during the pandemic, along with women, those with lower socioeconomic status and those with pre-existing mental health conditions. Somewhat of a crisis in mental health has emerged across the general population through the evolution of the pandemic. A national Canadian survey identified a quadrupling of those experiencing pervasive elevated anxiety symptoms early in the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels, and a doubling of those with pervasive elevated depressive symptoms. Independent of the pandemic, persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can face multiple challenges related to their disease, which can result in a significant psychosocial burden and psychologic distress. Anxiety and depression have been found to be more prevalent in persons with IBD. Many potential factors contribute to the increased psychologic distress and negative impacts on mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with IBD. These include the fears of contracting COVID-19 or infecting other people. Many believe that IBD or its treatments predispose them to an increased risk of COVID-19 or a worse outcome if acquired. Concerns about access to health care add to mental distress. People with IBD generally report lower quality of life (QOL) compared to community controls. Psychologic interventions, in addition to adequate disease control, have been shown to improve health-related QOL. Uncertainty is another factor associated with reduced health-related QOL. Most studies suggest that persons with IBD have suffered QOL impairment during the pandemic in comparison to the pre-pandemic period. Uncertainties brought on by the pandemic are important contributors for some of the reduction in QOL.
Temperature induces activity reduction in a Neotropical ungulate
Authors: Peterson Michaela , Jorge Maria Luisa S P , Jain Avarna , Keuroghlian Alexine , Oshima Júlia Emi F , Richard-Hansen Cécile , Berzins Rachel , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Eaton Don 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBecause global climate change results in increasingly extreme temperatures and more frequent droughts, behavioral thermoregulation is one avenue by which species may adjust. Changes in activity patterns in response to temperature have been observed in a number of mammal species, but rarely have been investigated in humid tropical habitats. Here we examine the relationship between activity patterns and microclimate temperatures for white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla) in four distinct biomes—the Cerrado, the Pantanal, the Atlantic Forest, and the Amazon. From 2013 to 2017, we monitored 30 white-lipped peccaries fitted with GPS collars that included accelerometers and temperature sensors. White-lipped peccaries were primarily diurnal, with peaks of activity in the morning and late afternoon, except in the Amazon where activity was high throughout the day. Total time active did not vary seasonally. White-lipped peccaries were significantly less likely to be active as temperatures increased, with the probability of being active decreasing by &gt;49% in all biomes between 30 and 40°C. Our findings indicate that white-lipped peccaries are likely to be adversely impacted by rising temperatures, through being forced to reduce foraging time during their prime active periods.
Changes in native small mammal populations with removal of invasive ant
Authors: Morehart Morgan A , Gitzen Robert A , Terhune Theron M , Lepczyk Christopher A , Sisson D Clay 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Efforts to remove invasive species may benefit native species, but the effects can be complex and unpredictable. Thus, studies of invasive-species removal provide important information for guiding management and providing insight about variation in post-removal impacts within the community. Using southern pine-grassland ecosystems as a model system, we hypothesized that removal of the long-established red-imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, hereafter RIFA) would positively influence altricial Peromyscus species, due to increased survival of young in the nest and thus increased recruitment to the population, but would not impact semi-precocial hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), which are mobile more quickly after birth and thus at less risk of depredation by RIFA. We compared small mammal populations on sites treated with a granular insecticide (Extinguish Plus) to remove RIFA in southwestern Georgia, United States, from April 2018 to December 2019. As expected, we detected no difference in cotton rat recruitment. However, contrary to our prediction, the same was true for cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) and oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus). We found RIFA removal increased survival both of cotton rats and cotton mice, increasing average population rate of change (λ) on treated sites during the study period. In contrast, we observed lower survival of oldfield mice, with similar λ estimates on treated and untreated sites, but low sample sizes were problematic for this species. Our results show that removal of invasive species can have positive impacts for native species, but both the magnitude of RIFA effects on small mammals and mechanisms by which impacts occur are complex.
Integrative Taxonomy ofDermacentor variabilis(Ixodida: Ixodidae) with Description of a New Species,Dermacentor similisn. sp.
Authors: Lado Paula , Glon Mael G , Klompen Hans 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDermacentor variabilis is the most widely distributed three-host tick in North America, and transmits a variety of pathogens. Within the United States, this species has a discontinuous distribution, widespread east of the Rocky Mountains and with a few populations west of the Rockies. Phylogenetic evidence based on individual markers or relatively small data sets has suggested that populations at both sides of this geographic barrier may correspond to two different species. In this study, we further explore this hypothesis using an integrative taxonomy framework. Both molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and morphological analyses of specimens collected from central-eastern and western states were performed to explore species delimitation in this taxon. Results from these analyses were consistent, and provide strong evidence that D. variabilis actually corresponds to two species. Herein, the western populations are described as a new species, Dermacentor similis n. sp. The usefulness of integrative taxonomy in the context of species delimitation is also discussed.
Competition, Ownership, and the Impact of Government Outsourcing on Employees
Authors: Petersen Ole Helby , Andersen Lotte Bøgh , Bhatti Yosef , Houlberg Kurt 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Government outsourcing to third-party vendors is widespread and intended to strengthen the organizational incentive to deliver public services more efficiently. However, it is unclear how outsourcing influences the public workforce, and little is known about the effect on employees who change from working for the government to working for the vendor receiving the outsourcing contract. In this article, we theoretically argue that the introduction of competition and private ownership in public service delivery may have negative consequences for employees’ remuneration, employment, and health outcomes. We assess these arguments using unique individual-level register data of 1,478 Danish relatively low-skilled employees who changed job from public to private employment due to government outsourcing. Using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach, we estimate the effect on employees’ remuneration, employment and income transfers, and use of health services compared to an exact matched control group of public employees who did not experience outsourcing. Our findings suggest that outsourcing significantly decreased employee remuneration and employment and increased public income transfers, while the effect on health services use was marginal and transitory. Potential mechanisms explaining these findings include the vendor’s incentive to reduce the workforce and increase productivity, the stress of changing jobs, and poorer person–environment fit. The results suggest that outsourcing has high costs for employees, some of which are passed on to the government itself through increased expenditure for public income transfers. We propose pathways for further theoretical and empirical research on employee consequences of government outsourcing.
Supradiaphragmatic accessory liver tissue mimicking pleural tumour: excision by transdiaphragmatic uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (U-VATS)
Authors: Fang Chen Chuan , Neerudu Manjuvani , Hernandez Luis A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We describe a case of an extremely rare intrathoracic supradiaphragmatic accessory liver tissue that was excised via transdiaphragmatic uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The intrathoracic mass that was radiologically detected was found to be mimicking a pleural tumour because of its supradiaphragmatic location as well as the presence of a clear cleavage plane separating the mass and the liver completely. This, to our knowledge, is the first described case that was resected via transdiaphragmatic uniportal approach in the literature.
HbA1c Below the Reportable Range
Authors: Pant Vivek 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This case report concerns a 71 year old female patient who had a very low glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) despite having a high level of fasting blood glucose. The patient had a decreased erythrocyte count, elevated red blood cell indices, and a reticulocyte count with no evidence of hemoglobinopathy. She reported receiving hydroxychloroquine treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus. Subsequent laboratory investigations revealed hemolysis with formation of cold agglutinin. Because cold agglutinins can interfere with HbA1c assays, the specimens were reanalyzed after warming. The complete blood count results improved, but the HbA1c result did not change. In patients in whom medications and/or medical conditions may interfere with HbA1c levels, alternative measures of glycemic control, such as fructosamine, could be beneficial.
Galaxy cluster cores as seen with VLT/MUSE: New strong-lensing analyses of RX J2129.4 + 0009, MS 0451.6 − 0305, and MACS J2129.4 − 0741
Authors: Jauzac Mathilde , Klein Baptiste , Kneib Jean-Paul , Richard Johan , Rexroth Markus , Schäfer Christoph , Verdier Aurélien 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present strong-lensing analyses of three galaxy clusters, RX J2129.4 + 0009 (z = 0.235), MS 0451.6 − 0305 (z = 0.55), and MACS J2129.4 − 0741 (z = 0.589), using the powerful combination of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) multiband observations, and Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) spectroscopy. In RX J2129, we newly spectroscopically confirm 15 cluster members. Our resulting mass model uses 8 multiple image systems as we include a galaxy–galaxy lensing system north-east of the cluster, and is composed of 71 haloes including one dark matter cluster-scale halo and two galaxy-scale haloes optimized individually. For MS 0451, we report the spectroscopic identification of two new systems of multiple images in the northern region and 112 cluster members. Our mass model uses 16 multiple image systems and 146 haloes, including 2 large-scale haloes and 7 galaxy-scale haloes independently optimized. For MACS J2129, we report the spectroscopic identification of one new multiple image system at z = 4.41, and newly measure spectroscopic redshifts for four cluster members. Our mass model uses 14 multiple image systems, and is composed of 151 haloes, including 2 large-scale haloes and 4 galaxy-scale haloes independently optimized. Our best models have rms of 0.29, 0.6, 0.74 arcsec in the image plane for RX J2129, MS 0451, and MACS J2129, respectively. This analysis presents a detailed comparison with the existing literature showing excellent agreements, and discuss specific studies of lensed galaxies, e.g. a group of submillimetre galaxies at z = 2.9 in MS 0451, and a bright z = 2.1472 red singly imaged galaxy in MACS J2129.
2D surface brightness modelling of large 2MASS galaxies – I: photometry and structural parameters
Authors: Ríos-López Emmanuel , Añorve Christopher , Ibarra-Medel Héctor J , López-Cruz Omar , Alvira-Enríquez Joaquín , Iacobuta Gabriela , Valerdi Mabel 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We have studied a sample of 101 bright 2MASS galaxies from the Large Galaxy Atlas (LGA), whose morphologies span from early to late types. We have generated estimates for structural parameters through a two-dimensional surface brightness photometric decomposition in the three 2MASS bands (J, H, and Ks). This work represents a detailed multicomponent photometric study of nearby galaxies. We report total magnitudes, effective radii, and concentration indices, among other parameters, in the three 2MASS bands. We found that the integrated total magnitudes of early-type galaxies (ETGs) measured on 2MASS LGA mosaics are ∼0.35 mag dimmer, when compared with images generated from IRSA image tile service; nevertheless, when comparing late-type galaxies (LTGs) we did not find any difference. Therefore, for ETGs we present the results derived on IRSA image tiles, while for LTGs we used data from the LGA mosaics. Additionally, by combining these structural parameters with scaling relations and kinematic data, we separated classical bulges from pseudo-bulges. We found that ${\sim} 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the objects in our sample are classified as pseudo-bulges, which are found preferentially in LTGs. Also, our findings confirm trends reported earlier in the distributions for some physical parameters, such as Sérsic index and B/T and q ratios. In general, our results are in agreement with previous one-dimensional studies. In a companion paper, we revise some of the scaling relations among global galaxy properties, as well as their interrelation with Supermassive Black Holes.
Strong lensing signatures of self-interacting dark matter in low-mass haloes
Authors: Gilman Daniel , Bovy Jo , Treu Tommaso , Nierenberg Anna , Birrer Simon , Benson Andrew , Sameie Omid 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Core formation and runaway core collapse in models with self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) significantly alter the central density profiles of collapsed haloes. Using a forward modelling inference framework with simulated data-sets, we demonstrate that flux ratios in quadruple image strong gravitational lenses can detect the unique structural properties of SIDM haloes, and statistically constrain the amplitude and velocity dependence of the interaction cross-section in haloes with masses between 106 and 1010 M⊙. Measurements on these scales probe self-interactions at velocities below $30 \ \rm {km} \ \rm {s^{-1}}$, a relatively unexplored regime of parameter space, complimenting constraints at higher velocities from galaxies and clusters. We cast constraints on the amplitude and velocity dependence of the interaction cross-section in terms of σ20, the cross-section amplitude at $20 \ \rm {km} \ \rm {s^{-1}}$. With 50 lenses, a sample size available in the near future, and flux ratios measured from spatially compact mid-IR emission around the background quasar, we forecast $\sigma _{20} \lt 11\rm {\small {--}}23 \ \rm {cm^2} \rm {g^{-1}}$ at $95 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CI, depending on the amplitude of the subhalo mass function, and assuming cold dark matter (CDM). Alternatively, if $\sigma _{20} = 19.2 \ \rm {cm^2}\rm {g^{-1}}$ we can rule out CDM with a likelihood ratio of 20:1, assuming an amplitude of the subhalo mass function that results from doubly efficient tidal disruption in the Milky Way relative to massive elliptical galaxies. These results demonstrate that strong lensing of compact, unresolved sources can constrain SIDM structure on sub-galactic scales across cosmological distances, and the evolution of SIDM density profiles over several Gyr of cosmic time.
The IMF and multiplicity of stars from gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, radiation, and outflow feedback
Authors: Mathew Sajay Sunny , Federrath Christoph 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We perform a series of three-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamical simulations of star cluster formation including gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, stellar radiative heating, and outflow feedback. We observe that the inclusion of protostellar outflows (1) reduces the star formation rate by a factor of ∼2, (2) increases fragmentation, and (3) shifts the initial mass function (IMF) to lower masses by a factor of 2.0 ± 0.2, without significantly affecting the overall shape of the IMF. The form of the sink particle (protostellar objects) mass distribution obtained from our simulations matches the observational IMFs reasonably well. We also show that turbulence-based theoretical models of the IMF agree well with our simulation IMF in the high-mass and low-mass regime, but do not predict any brown dwarfs, whereas our simulations produce a considerable number of sub-stellar objects, which are produced by dynamical interactions (ejections). We find that these dynamical interactions also play a key role for the binary separation distribution and stellar kinematics in general. Our numerical model of star cluster formation also reproduces the observed mass dependence of multiplicity. Our multiplicity fraction estimates generally concur with the observational estimates for different spectral types. We further calculate the specific angular momentum of all the sink particles and find that the average value of $1.5 \times 10^{19}\, \mathrm{cm^2\, s^{-1}}$ is consistent with observational data. The specific angular momentum of our sink particles lies in the range typical of protostellar envelopes and binaries. We conclude that the IMF is controlled by a combination of gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, radiation, and outflow feedback.
Papua New Guinean Genomes Reveal the Complex Settlement of North Sahul
Authors: Brucato Nicolas , André Mathilde , Tsang Roxanne , Saag Lauri , Kariwiga Jason , Sesuki Kylie , Beni Teppsy , Pomat William , Muke John , Meyer Vincent , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Sudoyo Herawati , Mondal Mayukh , Pagani Luca , Gallego Romero Irene , Metspalu Mait , Cox Murray P , Leavesley Matthew , Ricaut François-Xavier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The settlement of Sahul, the lost continent of Oceania, remains one of the most ancient and debated human migrations. Modern New Guineans inherited a unique genetic diversity tracing back 50,000 years, and yet there is currently no model reconstructing their past population dynamics. We generated 58 new whole-genome sequences from Papua New Guinea, filling geographical gaps in previous sampling, specifically to address alternative scenarios of the initial migration to Sahul and the settlement of New Guinea. Here, we present the first genomic models for the settlement of northeast Sahul considering one or two migrations from Wallacea. Both models fit our data set, reinforcing the idea that ancestral groups to New Guinean and Indigenous Australians split early, potentially during their migration in Wallacea where the northern route could have been favored. The earliest period of human presence in Sahul was an era of interactions and gene flow between related but already differentiated groups, from whom all modern New Guineans, Bismarck islanders, and Indigenous Australians descend. The settlement of New Guinea was probably initiated from its southeast region, where the oldest archaeological sites have been found. This was followed by two migrations into the south and north lowlands that ultimately reached the west and east highlands. We also identify ancient gene flows between populations in New Guinea, Australia, East Indonesia, and the Bismarck Archipelago, emphasizing the fact that the anthropological landscape during the early period of Sahul settlement was highly dynamic rather than the traditional view of extensive isolation.
Fold Evolution before LUCA: Common Ancestry of SH3 Domains and OB Domains
Authors: Alvarez-Carreño Claudia , Penev Petar I , Petrov Anton S , Williams Loren Dean 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
SH3 and OB are the simplest, oldest, and most common protein domains within the translation system. SH3 and OB domains are β-barrels that are structurally similar but are topologically distinct. To transform an OB domain to a SH3 domain, β-strands must be permuted in a multistep and evolutionarily implausible mechanism. Here, we explored relationships between SH3 and OB domains of ribosomal proteins, initiation, and elongation factors using a combined sequence- and structure-based approach. We detect a common core of SH3 and OB domains, as a region of significant structure and sequence similarity. The common core contains four β-strands and a loop, but omits the fifth β-strand, which is variable and is absent from some OB and SH3 domain proteins. The structure of the common core immediately suggests a simple permutation mechanism for interconversion between SH3 and OB domains, which appear to share an ancestor. The OB domain was formed by duplication and adaptation of the SH3 domain core, or vice versa, in a simple and probable transformation. By employing the folding algorithm AlphaFold2, we demonstrated that an ancestral reconstruction of a permuted SH3 sequence folds into an OB structure, and an ancestral reconstruction of a permuted OB sequence folds into a SH3 structure. The tandem SH3 and OB domains in the universal ribosomal protein uL2 share a common ancestor, suggesting that the divergence of these two domains occurred before the last universal common ancestor.