bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiatus Irrationalis: Lask's Fateful Misreading of Fichte
Authors: Bruno G. Anthony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract‘Facticity’ is a concept that classical phenomenologists like Heidegger use to denote the radically contingent or underivably brute conditions of intelligibility. Yet Fichte coins the term, to which he gives the opposing use of denoting unacceptably brute conditions of intelligibility. For him, radical contingency is a problem to be solved by deriving such conditions from reason. Heidegger rejects Fichte's recoil from facticity with his hermeneutics of facticity, supplanting Fichte's metaphor of our always being in reason's hand with the metaphor of our always having been thrown. How does Heidegger inherit and diametrically repurpose Fichte's neologism? Whence the reversed meaning of ‘facticity’ in post‐Kantian thought? The answer is Lask's doctoral thesis, which exerts an acknowledged impact on Heidegger's habilitation thesis. Lask interprets ‘facticity’ as Fichte's term for the individuality problem, that is, the resistance of the material particularity of individuals to explanation by the categories genetically deduced from reason. On his interpretation, ‘facticity’ denotes radical contingency in the guise of haecceity, that is, the brute uniqueness of individuals. Lask credits Fichte with registering the problem of individuality, which highlights the world's irreducibly pre‐categorial character. But how is ‘facticity’ transmitted from Lask to Heidegger, given their opposing interpretations of how Fichte understands its meaning? I argue that (1) Lask misreads Fichte as a proponent of facticity, that is, one whose accommodation of radical contingency deflates the Wissenschaftslehre's systematic ambitions, and (2) Lask's misreading, without deceiving Heidegger regarding the sincerity of Fichte's ambitions, encourages Heidegger's own hermeneutics of facticity.
Airway smooth muscle remodelling in mild and moderate equine asthma
Authors: Dupuis‐Dowd Florence , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAirway smooth muscle remodelling in severe equine asthma includes both thickening of airway smooth muscle, resulting from hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and changes in contractility. However, airway smooth muscle changes have not been studied in milder forms of the disease.ObjectivesTo investigate bronchial smooth muscle remodelling in horses with mild and moderate asthma (MEA).Study designRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsThe endobronchial biopsies from 18 horses with MEA referred to the Equine Hospital of the Université de Montréal and from seven healthy age‐matched control horses were studied. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology. Airway smooth muscle cell proliferation was measured by quantifying the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry. The expression of the (+)insert smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) isoform, an hypercontractile protein, was assessed by RT‐qPCR.ResultsExpression of the (+)insert SMMHC isoform in airway smooth muscle was approximately 1.5 times greater in horses with MEA compared with controls (P = .02, mean difference 0.01). Although there were no differences between groups in the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (P = .4) or myocyte density (P = .3, mean difference −0.6), the percentage of proliferating myocytes was correlated to pulmonary neutrophilia in horses with neutrophilic inflammation (P = .01, r = .80) and to the expression of the (+)insert SMMHC isoform in asthmatic horses (P = .03, r = .66).Main limitationsSmall cohorts of horses were studied, and conclusions are limited to the central airways.ConclusionsThese results confirm the presence of bronchial smooth muscle remodelling in mild forms of equine asthma and pave the way for the development of biomarkers to measure asthma progression and response to therapy.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on clinical and laboratory biomarkers associated with gastric damage in healthy school‐aged children: A randomized non‐blinded trial
Authors: Lucero Yalda , Lagomarcino Anne J. , Torres Juan P. , Roessler Patricia , Mamani Nora , George Sergio A. , Huerta Nicole , González Mónica , O’Ryan G Miguel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the primary cause of gastric cancer and eradication in healthy adults has proven effective in decreasing cancer incidence. H. pylori is acquired largely in early childhood, however, the benefits of eradication in children are controversial. We aimed to determine the effect of H. pylori eradication on clinical and laboratory markers associated with gastric damage in apparently healthy school‐aged children.MethodsThis was a pilot non‐blinded trial including 61 children persistently infected with H. pylori who were randomized to eradication/no treatment and followed for at least 12 months, evaluating clinical and blood markers (Pepsinogen I (PGI) and II (PGII) determined by ELISA) associated with gastric damage. The treatment consisted of a sequential scheme including 7 days of omeprazole + amoxicillin followed by 7 days of omeprazole + clarithromycin + metronidazole; adherence and tolerance were surveyed. Eradication rates were assessed by stool antigen detection or urea breath test 1 month following treatment every 4 months thereafter to detect reinfection.ResultsEradication occurred in 30/31 treated children (median age: 8.8, range: 7.9–10.8) and in 0/30 non‐treated controls (median age: 8.6, range: 7.9–11) (p < .001). Treatment was associated with mild transient symptoms (altered taste, nocturnal upper abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea). Baseline frequency of symptoms was low and eradication did not change symptoms compared to controls. PGI, PGII, and anti‐H. pylori seropositivity were similar in both groups at baseline and significantly decreased only in eradicated patients; PGI (92.5 vs. 74.4, p < .001), PGII (15.2 vs. 8.9, p < .001) levels, and frequency of anti‐H. pylori seropositivity (100 vs. 68%, p < .001) respectively. Four eradicated children (13%) were reinfected during follow‐up.ConclusionsH. pylori eradication therapy in apparently asymptomatic school‐aged children was well tolerated and associated with decreased serum PGI and PGII levels. Future studies should expand on the middle‐long‐term effect of early H. pylori eradication, especially on preventing gastric cancer.
COVID‐19 mortality among people with diagnosed HIV compared to those without during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in England
Authors: Brown Alison E. , Croxford Sara E. , Nash Sophie , Khawam Jameel , Kirwan Peter , Kall Meaghan , Bradshaw Daniel , Sabin Caroline , Miller Robert F. , Post Frank A. , Harding Richard , Collins Simon , Waters Laura , Asboe David , Chadwick David R. , Delpech Valerie , Sullivan Ann K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe describe COVID‐19 mortality among people with and without HIV during the first wave of the pandemic in England.MethodsNational surveillance data on adults (aged ≥ 15 years) with diagnosed HIV resident in England were linked to national COVID‐19 mortality surveillance data (2 March 2020–16 June 2020); HIV clinicians verified linked cases and provided information on the circumstances of death. We present COVID‐19 mortality rates by HIV status, using negative binomial regression to assess the association between HIV and mortality, adjusting for gender, age and ethnicity.ResultsOverall, 99 people with HIV, including 61 of black ethnicity, died of/with COVID‐19 (107/100 000) compared with 49 483 people without HIV (109/100 000). Compared to people without HIV, higher COVID‐19 mortality rates were observed in people with HIV of black (188 vs. 122/100 000) and Asian (131 vs. 77.0/100 000) ethnicity, and in both younger (15–59 years: 58.3 vs. 10.2/100 000) and older (≥ 60 years: 434 vs. 355/100 000) people. After adjustment for demographic factors, people with HIV had a higher COVID‐19 mortality risk than those without (2.18; 95% CI: 1.76–2.70). Most people with HIV who died of/with COVID‐19 had suppressed HIV viraemia (91%) and at least one comorbidity reported to be associated with poor COVID‐19 outcomes (87%).ConclusionsIn the first wave of the pandemic in England, COVID‐19 mortality among people with HIV was low, but was higher than in those without HIV, after controlling for demographic factors. This supports the strategy of prioritizing COVID‐19 vaccination for people with HIV and strongly encouraging its uptake, especially in those of black and Asian ethnicity.
Same‐day antiretroviral therapy initiation for people living with HIV who have tuberculosis symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Burke Rachael M. , Rickman Hannah M. , Singh Vindi , Kalua Thokozani , Labhardt Niklaus D. , Hosseinipour Mina , Wilkinson Robert J. , MacPherson Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTuberculosis symptoms are very common among people living with HIV (PLHIV) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), are not specific for tuberculosis disease and may result in delayed ART start. The risks and benefits of same‐day ART initiation in PLHIV with tuberculosis symptoms are unknown.MethodsWe systematically reviewed nine databases on 12 March 2020 to identify studies that investigated same‐day ART initiation among PLHIV with tuberculosis symptoms and reported both their approach to TB screening and clinical outcomes. We extracted and summarized data about TB screening, numbers of people starting same‐day ART and outcomes.ResultsWe included four studies. Two studies deferred ART for everyone with any tuberculosis symptoms (one or more of cough, fever, night sweats or weight loss) and substantial numbers of people had deferred ART start (28% and 39% did not start same‐day ART). Two studies permitted some people with tuberculosis symptoms to start same‐day ART, and fewer people deferred ART (2% and 16% did not start same‐day). Two of the four studies were conducted sequentially; proven viral load suppression at 8 months was 31% when everyone with tuberculosis symptoms had ART deferred, and 44% when the algorithm was changed so that some people with tuberculosis symptoms could start same‐day ART.ConclusionsAlthough tuberculosis symptoms are very common in people starting ART, there is insufficient evidence about whether presence of tuberculosis symptoms should lead to ART start being deferred or not. Research to inform clear guidelines would help to maximise the benefits of same‐day ART.
Metabolic syndrome and hidradenitis suppurativa: epidemiological, molecular, and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Mintoff Dillon , Benhadou Farida , Pace Nikolai P. , Frew John W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, suppurative condition of the pilosebaceous unit. Patients suffering from HS demonstrate a molecular profile in keeping with a state of systemic inflammation and are often found to fit the criteria for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this paper, we review the literature with regards to established data on the prevalence of MetS in HS patients and revise the odds ratio of comorbid disease. Furthermore, we attempt to draw parallels between inflammatory pathways in HS and MetS and evaluate how convergences may explain the risk of comorbid disease, necessitating the need for multidisciplinary care.
Pecuniary externalities, bank overleverage, and macroeconomic fragility
Authors: Kato Ryo , Tsuruga Takayuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPecuniary externalities in models with financial friction justify macroprudential policies for preventing excessive risk taking by economic agents. We extend the Diamond and Rajan model of banks with production factors and explore how a pecuniary externality affects a bank's leverage. We show that the laissez‐faire banks in our model take on excessive risks compared with the constrained social optimum. Our numerical simulations suggest that the crisis probability is 2–3 percentage points higher in the laissez‐faire economy than in the constrained social optimum.
Human respiratory syncytial virus diversity and epidemiology among patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness in South Africa, 2012–2015
Authors: Valley‐Omar Ziyaad , Tempia Stefano , Hellferscee Orienka , Walaza Sibongile , Variava Ebrahim , Dawood Halima , Kahn Kathleen , McMorrow Meredith , Pretorius Marthi , Mtshali Senzo , Mamorobela Ernest , Wolter Nicole , Venter Marietjie , von Gottberg Anne , Cohen Cheryl , Treurnicht Florette K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe the prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and evaluate associations between HRSV subgroups and/or genotypes and epidemiologic characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness (SRI).MethodsBetween January 2012 and December 2015, we enrolled patients of all ages admitted to two South African hospitals with SRI in prospective hospital‐based syndromic surveillance. We collected respiratory specimens and clinical and epidemiological data. Unconditional random effect multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with HRSV infection.ResultsHRSV was detected in 11.2% (772/6908) of enrolled patients of which 47.0% (363/772) were under the age of 6 months. There were no differences in clinical outcomes of HRSV subgroup A‐infected patients compared with HRSV subgroup B‐infected patients but among patients aged <5 years, children with HRSV subgroup A were more likely be coinfected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (23/208, 11.0% vs. 2/90, 2.0%; adjusted odds ratio 5.7). No significant associations of HRSV A genotypes NA1 and ON1 with specific clinical outcomes were observed.ConclusionsWhile HRSV subgroup and genotype dominance shifted between seasons, we showed similar genotype diversity as noted worldwide. We found no association between clinical outcomes and HRSV subgroups or genotypes.
Evidence‐based review of the effects of nutritional supplementation for pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Yap JiannWen , Holloway Samantha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this evidence‐based review was to explore whether the evidence supports the use of nutritional supplements in pressure ulcer (PU) prevention strategies. Several electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to May week 32 019), Ovid EMBASE (1947 to May 28, 2019), EBSCO CINAHL (until June 13, 2019), Scopus (until July 9, 2019), and the Web of Science (until June 13, 2019) were searched. No limitation was placed on the year of publication. Studies considered for inclusion were those with adult populations, and only English language texts with available full text were reviewed. AMSTAR (a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the systematic review. The Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2011 Levels of Evidence was used to assess the level of evidence. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Instrument (AGREE II) was used to assess guideline article, and Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS) was also used for cross‐sectional studies. The search identified 1761 studies. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 studies were retained of various designs, including 10 systematic reviews, five clinical reviews, three randomised controlled trials, two observational studies, one quasi‐experimental study, one cross‐sectional study, one cohort study, and one Clinical Guideline. Two were rated as high‐quality reviews, 14 were rated as moderate‐quality reviews, five were rated as low‐quality reviews, and three were rated as critically low‐quality reviews. The majority of the reviewed studies were of low‐to‐moderate quality because of biases in the study design and incomplete data reporting, which did not fulfil the reporting criteria of the appraisal tools. However, the majority of the studies showed a reduction in PU incidence after nutritional supplement though not significant. Whether the use of pharmacological appraisal tools to assess non‐pharmacological studies is appropriate is unclear. Regardless of the low‐to‐moderate quality of the studies in this review, nutritional supplements appear to play a role in PU prevention.
Effect of intermittent pneumatic compression with different inflation pressures on the distal microvascular responses of the foot in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ren Weiyan , Duan Yijie , Jan Yih‐Kuen , Li Jianchao , Liu Wei , Pu Fang , Fan Yubo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is commonly used to improve peripheral circulation of the lower extremity. However, its therapeutic dosage for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at risk for ulcers is not well established. This study explored the effect of IPC with different inflation pressures on the distal microvascular responses of the foot in people with type 2 DM. Twenty‐four subjects with and without DM were recruited. Three IPC protocols with inflation pressures of 60, 90, and 120 mmHg were applied to the foot. The foot skin blood flow (SBF) responses were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during and after IPC interventions. Results show that all three IPC interventions significantly increased foot SBF of IPC stage in healthy subjects, but only 90 and 120 mmHg IPC significantly improved SBF in diabetic subjects. IPC with 90 and 120 mmHg showed a greater effect than 60 mmHg in both groups, but 120 mmHg IPC was more effective for diabetic subjects. This study demonstrates that 90 and 120 mmHg are effective dosages of IPC for improving blood flow in healthy people, and 120 mmHg IPC may be more suitable for people with type 2 DM.
Luck, Hypothetical Insurance, and the Costs of Children
Authors: Trifan Isa 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTA widely accepted answer to the question of who should bear the costs of children is that non‐parents have an obligation to help share some of these costs with parents. This poses a challenge to mainstream luck egalitarian theories, as they seem unable to account for this widespread parental justice view. I argue that the challenge is serious enough to turn parental justice into a test case for the plausibility of luck egalitarianism. I discuss a very promising approach that could help meet the challenge, namely the hypothetical insurance argument for parental subsidies. I argue that, despite its promise, the argument only establishes a permission to socialise the costs of children but fails to establish a distinctive requirement of justice. Finally, I show why establishing a permission is not sufficient to meet the challenge that parental justice poses to luck egalitarians.
Deletion of natriuretic peptide receptor C alleviates adipose tissue inflammation in hypercholesterolemic Apolipoprotein E knockout mice
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Xue Fei , Sui Wenhai , Meng Linlin , Xie Lin , Zhang Cheng , Yang Jianmin , Zhang Yun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the most common secondary pathological changes in atherosclerosis, which in turn influences the process of atherosclerosis. Natriuretic peptides have been revealed important effect in regulating adipose metabolism. However, the relationship between natriuretic peptide receptor C and inflammation of adipose tissue in atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study aims to explore the effect natriuretic peptide receptor C exerts on the regulation of the adipose inflammation in atherosclerotic mice induced by western‐type diet and its overlying mechanisms. To clarify the importance of NPRC of adipose inflammation in atherosclerotic mice, NPRC expression was measured in mice fed with chow diet and western‐type diet for 12 weeks and we found a considerable increase in adipose tissue of atherosclerotic mice. Global NPRC knockout in mice was bred onto ApoE−/− mice to generate NPRC−/−ApoE−/− mice, which displayed remarked increase in browning of white adipose tissue and lipolysis of adipose tissue and decrease in adipose inflammation manifested by decreased macrophage invasion to form less CLS (crown‐like structure), reduced oxidative stress and alleviated expression of TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐1β and MCP1, but increased expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue. Moreover, our study showed that white adipose tissue browning in NPRC−/−ApoE−/− atherosclerotic mice was associated with decreased inflammatory response through cAMP/PKA signalling activation. These results identify NPRC as a novel regulator for adipose inflammation in atherosclerotic mice by modulating white adipose tissue browning.
Epidemiological characteristics of diabetic kidney disease in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Jun‐Sing , Yen Fu‐Shun , Lin Kun‐Der , Shin Shyi‐Jang , Hsu Yueh‐Han , Hsu Chih‐Cheng ,   Diabetes Kidney Disease Research Committee of the Diabetes Association of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a critical microvascular complication of diabetes. With the continuous increase in the prevalence of diabetes since 2000, the prevalence of DKD has also been increasing in past years. The prevalence of DKD among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan increased from 13.32% in 2000 to 17.92% in 2014. The cumulative incidence of DKD among individuals with type 1 diabetes in Taiwan was higher than 30% during 1999–2012. DKD is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), with a prevalence of approximately 45% in a population on chronic dialysis in Taiwan. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of ESRD in the receipt of dialysis also increased from 1.32% in 2005 to 1.47% in 2014. Risk factors for DKD development are age, race, family history, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, dietary patterns, and lifestyles. Prognostic factors that aggravate DKD progression include age, family history, sex, glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), microvascular complications, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes updated information on the onset and progression of DKD, particularly in the Taiwanese population. Translating these epidemiological features is essential to optimizing the kidney care and improving the prognosis of DKD in Asian populations.
Rare morph Lake Malawi mbuna cichlids benefit from reduced aggression from con‐ and hetero‐specifics
Authors: Tyers Alexandra M. , Cooke Gavan M. , Turner George F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBalancing selection is important for the maintenance of polymorphism as it can prevent either fixation of one morph through directional selection or genetic drift, or speciation by disruptive selection. Polychromatism, the presence of multiple genetically determined colour phenotypes, can be maintained if the fitness of alternative morphs depends on the relative frequency in a population. In aggressive species, negative frequency‐dependent antagonism can prevent an increase in the frequency of rare morphs as they would only benefit from increased fitness while they are rare. Heterospecific aggression is common in nature and has the potential to contribute to rare morph advantage. Here we carry out field observations and laboratory aggression experiments with mbuna cichlids from Lake Malawi, to investigate the role of con‐ and heterospecific aggression in the maintenance of polychromatism and identify benefits to rare morphs which are likely to result from reduced aggression. We hypothesize that rare morph individuals receive less aggression than common morph individuals and therefore have an ecological advantage. Within species we found that males and females bias aggression towards their own morph, adding to the evidence that inherent own‐morph aggression biases can contribute to balancing selection. Over‐representation of rare morph territory owners may be influenced by two factors; higher tolerance of different morph individuals as neighbours, and the ability of rare morphs to spend more time feeding. Reduced aggression to rare morph individuals by heterospecifics may also contribute to rare morph advantage.