bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Maximal Information Coefficient (BMIC) to Reason Novel Trends in Large Datasets
Authors: Wang Shuliang , Surapunt Tisinee 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bayesian network (BN) is a probability inference model to describe the explicit relationship of cause and effect, which may examine the complex system of rice price with data uncertainty. However, discovering the optimized structure from a super-exponential number of graphs in the search space is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, Bayesian maximal information coefficient (BMIC) is proposed to uncover the causal correlations from a large dataset in a random system by integrating probabilistic graphical model (PGM) and maximal information coefficient (MIC) with Bayesian linear regression (BLR). First, MIC is to capture the strong dependence between predictor variables and a target variable to reduce the number of variables for the BN structural learning of PGM. Second BLR is to assign orientation in a graph resulting by a posterior probability distribution. It conforms to what BN needs to acquire a conditional probability distribution when given the parents for each node by the Bayes' Theorem. Third, Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is treated as an indicator to determine the well-explained model with its data to ensure correctness. The score shows that the proposed method obtains the highest score compared to the two traditional learning algorithms. Finally, the BMIC is applied to discover the causal correlations from the large dataset on Thai rice price by identifying causality change in the paddy price of Jasmine rice. The experimented results show the proposed BMIC returns the directional relationships with clue to identify the cause(s) and effect(s) on paddy price with better heuristic search.
A Cloud Privacy-Preserving Model Using Gaussian Mutation-Based Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Genetic Crossover Operation
Authors: Anand K , Vijayaraj A. , Anand M. Vijay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The necessity of security in the cloud system increases day by day in which the data controllers harvest the rising personal and sensitive data volume.The cloud has some unprotected private data as well as data that has been outsourced for public access, which is crucial for cloud security statements. An advanced legal data protection constraint is required due to the resultant of repeated data violations. While dealing with sensitive data, most of the existing techniques failed to handle optimal privacy and different studies were performed to take on cloud privacy preservation. Hence, the novel model of privacy preservation in the cloud and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques were used to tackle these challenges. These AI methods are insight-driven, strategic, and more efficient organizations in cloud computing. However, the cost savings, agility, higher flexibility businesses are offered with cloud computing by data hosting. Data cleansing and restoration are the two major steps involved in the proposed privacy replica. In this study, we proposed Chaotic chemotaxis and Gaussian mutation-based Bacterial Foraging Optimization with genetic crossover operation (CGBFO- GC) algorithm for optimal key generation. Deriving the multi-objective function parameters namely data preservation ratio, hiding ratio, and modification degree that accomplishes optimal key generation using CGBFO- GC algorithm. Ultimately, the proposed CGBFO- GC algorithm provides more efficient performance results in terms of cloud security than an existing method such as SAS-DPSO, CDNNCS, J-SSO, and GC.
Valuation of α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC Nano-cellulose Surface Coating on Ascorbic Acid Content of Solanum Lycopersicum Under Storage Conditions
Authors: Guleria Geetika , Sharma Dhananjay K. , Thakur Shweta , Kumari Poonam , Shandilya Mamta , Thakur Sapna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Competence of synthesized α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC nano-cellulose antimicrobial coating material and its real-time application to extend storage life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety Solan Lalima (India) was studied. Fe2O3 NPs (nanoparticles) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC nanocomposite was developed and characterized using XRay Diffractions (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC nanocomposite, and CE (cellulose) were analysed for their antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. NC exhibit 11mm, 13mm zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Tomato fruit samples coated with (5%) UC1A, UC2A, and (3%) UC1B, UC2B two different concentrations of α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC nanocomposite and uncoated sample UC1, UC2 stored at room temperature (25±2 ºC) and refrigerator temperature (4 oC) respectively for ascorbic acid (vitamin C) analysis on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. Our study revealed that a 3% concentration of α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC nanocomposite material quite potent in maintaining quality aspects of the tomato fruit by no decline of vitamin C under refrigerator conditions up to 16th day. FTIR analysis of all samples was done to determine the functional groups present in tomato samples after storage. AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer) was used to analyse the content of Fe, and Zn elements in tomato samples. This work revealed that the 3% α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC nano-cellulose antimicrobial nano-coating had maintained the quality of the coated tomato fruits and retards microbial growth during storage time and helpful in increasing the shelf life of tomato under cold storage as well as at room temperature. Coating material had not any significant effect on micronutrients element concentrations in both temperature studies. Synthesised α-Fe2O3@C20H38O11 NC antimicrobial nano-coating material can be used effectively for long storage of tomato fruits and safe for dietary intake of human.
Spatial Scale-Depended Characteristic Of Moss and Soil C, N, P and K Stoichiometry and Their Relationships In A Temperate Desert of Central Asia
Authors: Li Yonggang , Zhou Xiao-Bing , Lu Yongxing , Zhang Yuanming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and aims: Previous studies showed that moss stoichiometric characteristics were influenced by moss patch size and shrubs in desert. Study of moss stoichiometry in different spatial scales is crucial for understanding of growth and adaptation strategy of the mosses in temperate desert. Methods: In this study, the dominant moss (Syntrichia caninervis Mitt.) of biological soil crusts, and soil under the moss patches in the Gurbantunggut Desert were selected to determine their stoichiometry in different dunes and sites. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of the moss and soil, and soil available nutrients were measured. Results: Moss stoichiometry and soil available nutrients were significantly influenced by changes in spatial distance scales except for moss C. The scaling exponents of moss N, P and K elements between above-ground and below-ground parts were 0.251, 0.389, 0.442, which were less than 1. The N vs. P scaling exponents were 0.71, 0.84 in above-ground and below-ground parts of moss. Moss C, P and K elements content in above-ground parts higher than that in below-ground parts. Moreover, moss N, P and K elements were influenced by MAP, longitude and soil nutrients. Conclusion: This study provided the C, N, P and K stoichiometric characteristics of desert moss and explored their relationships with environmental variables, which can help understand nutrient stoichiometry patterns and utilization strategy of N, P and K and their potential responses to global climate changes in the desert ecosystem of central Asia.
How To Handle Disaster? – Evaluation of a Course for Disaster Medicine and Humanitarian Assistance for Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Hermann Sabine , Gerstner Jessica , Weiss Florian , Aichele Simon , Stricker Eric , Rosenberger Peter , Wunderlich Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Disaster medicine is a component of the German medical education since 2003. However, studies have shown some inconsistencies within the implementation of the national curriculum, and limits with the number of students trained over the years. Facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and other disasters, it became much more important to train medical students in disaster medicine on a coordinated basis.Methods: The University Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in Tübingen, Germany, expanded the existing curriculum of undergraduate disaster medicine training with fundamentals of humanitarian medicine, integrating the experience with distance learning, interactive teaching and simulation sessions. Survey tools were used to assess participants’ previous experiences and interest in the field of disaster medicine, to compare the self-reported degree of knowledge before and after training, and the programme’s quality evaluation. A mandatory pre- and post-test of knowledge was also administered to evaluate learner outcomes. The prospective and cross-sectional study evaluates the pilot course Disaster Medicine and Humanitarian Assistance carried out for third-, fourth- and fifth- year medical students over five semesters during the period between 2018 and 2020.Results: Data was collected from 107 students over five training sessions. Out of a sample of 82 students, the subjective perception of knowledge increased after the course (t [81] = 24.426, p < .001), alongside with the interest in engaging in the field of disaster medicine (t[81 ] = 7.031, p < .001). 102 students entered the mandatory knowledge assessment, with the rate of correct answers passing from 73.27% in the pre-test to 95.23% in the post-test (t [101] = 18.939, p < .001). The 93.46% of the medical students (N = 100) graded the training received with an excellent overall score (1.01 out of 6).Discussion: The study indicates a significant increase in students’ understanding of disaster medicine through the use of both subjective and objective measures, as well as an increase interest in the field of disaster and humanitarian medicine. The educational programme appears to address the deficiencies documented in previous studies, and possible adaptation with virtual reality approaches could expand access to a larger audience.Conclusion: The programme offers an effective and comprehensive tool to address the urgent need of quality education for medical students, suggesting integrated strategies to implement disaster medicine training.
Algicidal Activity of Novel Indigenous Bacterial Strain, Paracoccus Sp., Against Harmful Algal Bloom Species, Karenia Mikimotoi
Authors: Ding Ning , Du Wenjun , Feng Yanlou , Song Yuhao , Wang Chao , Li Chen , Zheng Ningning , Gao Peike , Wang Renjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Harmful algal blooms have deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. The application of algicidal bacteria is a promising and environmentally friendly method of preventing and eradicating harmful algal blooms. In this study, a screen for algicidal agents against harmful algal blooms was used to identify an algicidal bacterial strain isolated from a Karenia mikimotoi culture. Strain O-1 exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on harmful K. mikimotoi and was identified as a Paracoccus species via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This strain killed K. mikimotoi by secreting active algicidal compounds, which were stable at temperatures of -80–121 °C, but these substances were sensitive to strongly acidic conditions. The algicidal properties of strain O-1 against K. mikimotoi were cell density- and time-dependent. No significant changes or negative effects were noted for two other Chlorophyta species, which highlighted the specificity of the studied algicidal substance. Finally, single-factor experiments revealed the optimum growth conditions of strain O-1 under different pH and temperature conditions. Strain O-1 therefore has potential as a bio-agent for reducing the biomass of harmful K. mikimotoi blooms.
Application of Computer-aided Image Reconstruction and Image Guild in Parasagittal Meningioma Resection
Authors: ZHANG RUI , Muhammad Sajjad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, due to increased cranial imaging more and more small sized (diameter <2.5cm) meningiomas are diagnosed. If symptomatic then most of them need surgical removal. Exact location of the lesion is extremely important to tailor the craniotomy especially if the neuro-navigation system is not available. Many under developed countries cannot afford high costs of neuro-navigation. Hence, is relevant to discover low cost associated and effective methods to exactly locate the lesions for the surgery.MethodsBy using localization markers, we can acquire preoperative CT images of the patients, reconstruct these images into Three Dimensional (3D) virtual graphs using a computer, measure the spatial distance of the tumor from the markers, and in turn calculate the projection location of the tumor on the scalp by the Triangle Pythagorean theorem. Thereby achieving preoperative precise localization of intracranial microlesions.ResultsThe location of the tumor was consistent with that of the preoperative virtual image, and the craniotomy was exact. The patient was discharged 3 days later without any neurological deficits.ConclusionThis method is simple and reliable, inexpensive, and accurate in location of small sized lesion, which can partially compensate lack of neuro-navigationand is suitable for widespread application in hospitals in third world countries.
Establishment and clinical application of a highly sensitive TAT-2 time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay detection
Authors: Chen Xindong , Hong Jianfeng , Zhao Han , Xiang Zhongyi , Qin Yuan , Zhou Xiumei , Wang Yigang , Zheng Liping , Xia Pengguo , Fang Hongming , Zhu Yingwei , Huang Biao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: A rapid and highly sensitive assay for tumor-associated trypsinogen-2 (TAT-2) based on the time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) detection technique was developed for the determination of serum TAT-2 levels in cancers. Results: The measurement range of TAT-2-TRFIA was 1.53-300 ng/mL. The within-run and between-run coefficients of variation of TAT-2-TRFIA were 4.38% and 7.82%, respectively. The recovery rate of TAT-2-TRFIA was 103.0%. The cross-reaction rates of trypsin and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 were 0.02% and 0.82%, respectively. The TAT-2-positive rates in lung cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, brain cancer, and pancreatic cancer were 45.9%, 50.0%, 45.0%, 64.3%, 50.0%, and 41.7%, respectively, with the areas under ROC curves of 0.788, 0.734, 0.862, 0.720, 0.887, and 0.585, respectively. In patients with lung cancer, the positive rate of the single indicator CEA was 28.4%, which increased to 60.6% after combined use with TAT-2. In patients with cholangiocarcinoma, the positive rate of CA-199 was 35.7%, which increased to 71.4% after combined use with TAT-2. Conclusions: TAT-2 is expected to be used as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for the combined use of tumor markers to improve the positive rate and accuracy of detection.
Anti-Psoriasis Inflammation And Anti-Oxidation of The Extract From The Flower of Datura Metel L.
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Hui , Wang Zhibin , Meng Yonghai , Yang Binyou , Li Tingli , Kuang Haixue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background： At present, Flos Datura L. has been reported to have obvious anti-psoriasis effect, but its active ingredient is still unknown. Objectives: The chemical characteristics and anti-psoriasis inflammatory and antioxidant activities of partially purified flavonoids components of Flos Daturae (FC-FD) were investigated.Methods: FC-FD were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF)-mass spectrometry (MSE) combined, while antioxidant potency was monitored using a drosophila model. And the immune inflammatory response was measured in guinea pig animal model.Results: After comparison, 14 products were identified. In vitro antioxidant activity assays showed that FC-FD could effectively scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, the longest survival time of the male and female Drosophila melanogaster was extended by 100.50% and 96.82%, respectively. In addition, in the psoriasiform guinea pigs model, FC-FD could decrease the histopathological score and the expression of PCNA protein, and block the production of TNF-α. Notably, the partial purified ﬂavonoids extracted from Flos Datura was and identiﬁed for the ﬁrst time. Conclusions: The results indicated that FC-FD are potential natural antioxidants in extending lifespan and anti-psoriatic inflammatory drugs.
Computational proteomics analysis reveals pathogen secreted carbohydrate active enzymes in tomato xylem sap
Authors: Roy Abhijeet , Kalita Barsha , Jayaprakash Aiswarya , Arunachalam Annamalai , PTV Lakshmi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), a causal organism of Fusarium wilt in the tomato plant, secretes cell wall degrading enzymes, also known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). These are crucial during colonization and pathogenesis, as evidenced by several proteomic studies, revealing the importance of these CAZymes in virulence and pathogenicity. However, few of them have been done in-planta, exhibiting differences in the expression of these cell wall degrading enzymes compared to in-vitro studies. Therefore, to explore the CAZymes involved in pathogenesis while residing in the host plant, an in-planta (xylem sap) proteomics of a susceptible tomato variety affected with Fol was done. Most of these CAZymes belonged to the hydrolase and oxidoreductase families having no significant homology with tomato proteins. Nearly 90% of them were predicted to be soluble and extracellular. The core CAZymes families with interactional evidence identified were AA3, GH3, GH18, GH20, GH28, GH43, GH47, GH55 and CE8. Thus, apart from annotating some of the hypothetical proteins to be CAZymes, the study sheds light on CAZymes families that may have a role in the pathogenesis and survival of this fungus in the susceptible tomato plant.
Comparative Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Blood Donors Born Before and After the Implementation of Universal HBV Vaccination in Southern China
Authors: Ye Xianlin , Li Tong , Li Yi , Zeng Jinfeng , Li Ran , Xu Xiaoxuan , Guan Xiaoyu , Li Ling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In China, the vaccinated blood donors have rapidly increased by recent years, which may impact blood safety. The true prevalence of HBV between vaccinated blood donors and non-vaccinated blood donors should be explored.Study design and methods: The samples of blood donors were collected and detected for serologic markers of HBV in the Shenzhen blood center(SZBC) between Feb 2016 and Jun 2016. The discrepant results were tested with commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ELCI), alternative MPX ID NAT, nested PCR, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. HBsAg and anti-HBs were quantified. The serological and molecular characteristics of HBV infected blood donors were analyzed, and the effects on blood safety for donors born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination were compared.Results: Total of 242 reactive by NAT and/or HBsAg ELISA samples from 26318 candidate donors, 192 (0.73%, [95%CI, 0.63-0.84]) HBV+, 131 (0.49%, [95%CI, 0.43-0.59]) HBsAg+, 58 (0.22%, [95%CI,0.17-0.28]) occult hepatitis B infections (OBI) were confirmed respectively. The HBV+ rate in vaccinated donors is lower than in non-vaccinated donors (P<0.05). The HBsAg titers of vaccinated infected blood donors are much higher than non vaccinated infected blood donors. The OBI yield rates in the vaccinated blood donors were 0.11% (7/6422), and significantly lower than the non-vaccinated blood donors (0.26% , 51/19898, P<0.05). There 102/124 (82.3%) samples were genotype B, 22/124 (17.7%) were genotype C respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype between non-vaccinated blood donors (B/C,86/17) and vaccinated blood donors (B/C,23/6) (P>0.05). High frequency of vaccine escape mutations M133L (32.4%) and E164G in S region of genotype B strains and substitution L175S (40.9%) related to vaccine escape in S region of genotype C strains were identified.Conclusion: The universal HBV vaccination program markedly reduces the risk of HBV infection in blood donors, and provides a significant guarantee for the safety of blood transfusion. Several important mutations detected related vaccine escape and notable mutations needed further investigated.
Molybdenum-assisted reduction of VO2+ for low cost electrolytes of vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Hwang Deokhyun , Ha Jong-Wook , Park Young Soo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Efficient and affordable energy storage systems are indispensable to accomplish a successful energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources. Although all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) possess many distinctive advantages, much improvement in the process for electrolyte preparation is needed to overcome low productivity and complexity of the current electrolysis process. Herein, we demonstrate a simple one-pot process for the preparation of V3.5+ electrolytes from V2O5 by utilizing hydrazine monohydrate as a residue-free reducing agent and molybdenum as a homogeneous catalyst accelerating the reduction of VO2+. It is confirmed that the performance of the electrolytes prepared by the newly developed process is identical to that by electrolysis in terms of charge-discharge efficiency and capacity up to current density of 200 mA cm-2. This study can contribute to the wide spread of VRFB by providing a scalable process suitable for the mass production of V3.5+ electrolyte.
Sexual Behaviors and Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections in Transgender Women
Authors: Nematollahi Azar , Gharibzadeh Safoora , Damghanian Maryam , Gholamzadeh Saeid , Farnam Farnaz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: It is essential to pay special attention to sexual health of transgender women. The aim of this study was to assess sexual behaviors and vulnerability of transgender women to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including AIDS.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenient sampling from August 2019 to march 2020 in Iran. 127 transgender women participated in this study .A researcher-made questionnaire was applied for evaluating sexual behaviors, STIs and HIV. Results: The mean age of participants and their age of sexual debut were 27.6 and 16.9, respectively. 92.1% of participants were single with experience of sex and 59.3% had one sex partner in the last 2 years. 96.9% of the participants were heterosexual with 67.2% reporting experiencing orgasm in at least 50% of their sexual intercourse. However, 42.5% reported dyspareunia and the same percentage reported low or very low sexual satisfaction. The majority of participants had little knowledge of the symptoms (33.9%) and complications (44.1%) of STIs. Although 87.4% and 72.4% of participants had never been tested for a STI and HIV, 1.6% were infected with HIV and 18.1% with STIs. Conclusion: Sexual interests of Iranian transgender women were aligned with those of cisgender women. In terms of sexual function, despite the higher rate of orgasm in transgender women, sexual satisfaction was lower in them compared to that of cisgender women due to dyspareunia and body dissatisfaction, which highlights the need to investigate for more effective surgeries and specific sexual counseling interventions in this group.