bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the predictive potential of diffusion MRI in schizophrenia using normative models—Towards subject‐level classification
Authors: Elad Doron , Cetin‐Karayumak Suheyla , Zhang Fan , Cho Kang Ik K. , Lyall Amanda E. , Seitz‐Holland Johanna , Ben‐Ari Rami , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Tamminga Carol A. , Sweeney John A. , Clementz Brett A. , Schretlen David J. , Viher Petra Verena , Stegmayer Katharina , Walther Sebastian , Lee Jungsun , Crow Tim J. , James Anthony , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Buchanan Robert W. , Szeszko Philip R. , Malhotra Anil K. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Shenton Martha E. , Rathi Yogesh , Bouix Sylvain , Sochen Nir , Kubicki Marek R. , Pasternak Ofer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiffusion MRI studies consistently report group differences in white matter between individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Nevertheless, the abnormalities found at the group‐level are often not observed at the individual level. Among the different approaches aiming to study white matter abnormalities at the subject level, normative modeling analysis takes a step towards subject‐level predictions by identifying affected brain locations in individual subjects based on extreme deviations from a normative range. Here, we leveraged a large harmonized diffusion MRI dataset from 512 healthy controls and 601 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, to study whether normative modeling can improve subject‐level predictions from a binary classifier. To this aim, individual deviations from a normative model of standard (fractional anisotropy) and advanced (free‐water) dMRI measures, were calculated by means of age and sex‐adjusted z‐scores relative to control data, in 18 white matter regions. Even though larger effect sizes are found when testing for group differences in z‐scores than are found with raw values (p < .001), predictions based on summary z‐score measures achieved low predictive power (AUC < 0.63). Instead, we find that combining information from the different white matter tracts, while using multiple imaging measures simultaneously, improves prediction performance (the best predictor achieved AUC = 0.726). Our findings suggest that extreme deviations from a normative model are not optimal features for prediction. However, including the complete distribution of deviations across multiple imaging measures improves prediction, and could aid in subject‐level classification.
Early micro‐ and macrostructure of sensorimotor tracts and development of cerebral palsy in high risk infants
Authors: Chandwani Rahul , Kline Julia E. , Harpster Karen , Tkach Jean , Parikh Nehal A. ,   The Cincinnati Infant Neurodevelopment Early Prediction Study (CINEPS) Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfants born very preterm (VPT) are at high risk of motor impairments such as cerebral palsy (CP), and diagnosis can take 2 years. Identifying in vivo determinants of CP could facilitate presymptomatic detection and targeted intervention. Our objectives were to derive micro‐ and macrostructural measures of sensorimotor white matter tract integrity from diffusion MRI at term‐equivalent age, and determine their association with early diagnosis of CP. We enrolled 263 VPT infants (≤32 weeks gestational age) as part of a large prospective cohort study. Diffusion and structural MRI were acquired at term. Following consensus guidelines, we defined early diagnosis of CP based on abnormal structural MRI at term and abnormal neuromotor exam at 3–4 months corrected age. Using Constrained Spherical Deconvolution, we derived a white matter fiber orientation distribution (fOD) for subjects, performed probabilistic whole‐brain tractography, and segmented nine sensorimotor tracts of interest. We used the recently developed fixel‐based (FB) analysis to compute fiber density (FD), fiber‐bundle cross‐section (FC), and combined fiber density and cross‐section (FDC) for each tract. Of 223 VPT infants with high‐quality diffusion MRI data, 14 (6.3%) received an early diagnosis of CP. The cohort's mean (SD) gestational age was 29.4 (2.4) weeks and postmenstrual age at MRI scan was 42.8 (1.3) weeks. FD, FC, and FDC for each sensorimotor tract were significantly associated with early CP diagnosis, with and without adjustment for confounders. Measures of sensorimotor tract integrity enhance our understanding of white matter changes that antecede and potentially contribute to the development of CP in VPT infants.
The clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in HIV‐positive patients: A systematic review of current evidence
Authors: SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Karimi Amirali , MohsseniPour Mehrzad , Barzegary Alireza , Mirghaderi Seyed Peyman , Fakhfouri Amirata , Saeidi Solmaz , Razi Armin , Mojdeganlou Hengameh , Tantuoyir Marcarious M. , Afsahi Amir Masoud , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Dadras Omid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with chronic underlying diseases are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) complications. Recent studies showed people living with HIV (PLWH) are not at greater risk than the general population. Few studies have reviewed the impacts of COVID‐19 on PLWH. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on patients infected with HIV.MethodsWe executed a systematic search using four databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science and screened the records in two steps based on their title/abstract and full text. This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to elevate the validity and reliability of its results.ResultsWe reviewed 36 studies. The patients' age was above 20 years in all studies. In almost all studies, the inflammatory parameters were reported high. In most of the studies, all HIV patients completely recovered from the COVID 19 infection. Although CD4 count was not recorded in all studies, the minimum level was reported as 12 cells/µl.ConclusionBased on the current review, we concluded that HIV patients at advanced stages (3 or 4) of the disease, whose CD4 counts are low, may show less severe COVID‐19 infection symptoms. Similarly, Interference can reduce the severity of immune reactions and subsequent cytokine storms and consequently mitigate the symptoms. Therefore, in most of the studies, the majority of HIV patients showed no severe symptoms and completely recovered from COVID 19 infection.
Long‐term B cell depletion associates with regeneration of kidney function
Authors: Fleig Susanne V. , Konen Franz F. , Schröder Christoph , Schmitz Jessica , Gingele Stefan , Bräsen Jan H. , Lovric Svjetlana , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Haller Hermann , Skripuletz Thomas , von Vietinghoff Sibylle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that increases mortality and the risk of cardiovascular and other morbidities regardless of underlying renal condition. Chronic inflammation promotes renal fibrosis. Recently, renal B cell infiltrates were described in chronic kidney disease of various etiologies beyond autoimmunity.MethodsWe here investigated B cells and indicators of tertiary lymphoid structure formation in human renal biopsies. Renal function was studied during long‐term B cell depletion in human patients with membranous nephropathy and with CKD of unknown origin.ResultsCytokine profiles of tertiary lymphoid structure formation were detected in human renal interstitium in a range of kidney diseases. Complex B cell structures consistent with tertiary lymphoid organ formation were evident in human membranous nephropathy. Here, B cell density did not significantly associate with proteinuria severity, but with worse excretory renal function. Proteinuria responses mostly occurred within the first 6 months of B cell depletion. In contrast, recovery of excretory kidney function was observed only after 18 months of continuous therapy, consistent with a structural process. Renal tertiary lymphatic structures were also detected in the absence of autoimmune kidney disease. To start to address whether B cell depletion may affect CKD in a broader population, we assessed kidney function in neurologic patients with CKD of unknown origin. In this cohort, eGFR significantly increased within 24 months of B cell depletion.ConclusionLong‐term B cell depletion associated with significant improvement of excretory kidney function in human CKD. Kinetics and mechanisms of renal B cell aggregation should be investigated further to stratify the impact of B cells and their aggregates as therapeutic targets.
Differences in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio in pregnant women with and without COVID‐19
Authors: Carranza Lira Sebastián , García Espinosa Maritza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the differences in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in pregnant women with and without COVID‐19.MethodsObservational, cross‐sectional, retrospective, comparative, open, controlled study done from January to April 2021 at the UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia “Luis Castelazo Ayala” Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico: Patients were divided into those with a negative test for COVID‐19 and those with a positive test, with the latter then being divided according to disease severity into mild, moderate, and severe groups. In all the NLR and PLR were calculated. Symptoms, vital signs, and oxygen saturation were documented. Statistical analysis: Central tendency and dispersion measures, Kruskal‐Wallis test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and chi‐squared test were used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and odds ratio (OR) were calculated.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were included, 24 without COVID‐19 and 53 with COVID‐19. There were 33, 10, and 10 patients in the mild, moderate, and severe disease groups, respectively. There was no difference in NLR between the groups and the PLR was significantly higher in the severe disease group. With a 5.1 NLR cutoff point, between normal and those with severe disease, the sensitivity was 70% and specificity 63%, whilst with a 221 PLR cutoff point, the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity 83% (OR 45, 95% CI 4.40–461.7).ConclusionPLR more than NLR was useful to detect pregnant patients with COVID‐19 with severe disease.
Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy and breast cancer incidence among Jewish BRCA1/BRCA2‐mutation carriers—an Israeli matched‐pair study
Authors: Perri Tamar , Levin Gabriel , Naor‐Revel Shani , Eliassi‐Revivo Perry , Lifshitz Dror , Friedman Eitan , Korach Jacob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association of risk‐reducing bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRBSO) and breast cancer risk among BRCA pathogenic sequence variants (PSV).MethodsJewish Israeli BRCA carriers who underwent RRBSO were matched with those who did not—by the mutated gene and year of birth (±1 year). Breast cancer rates were compared.ResultsOverall, 127 pairs met the inclusion criteria, 79 (60.6%) pairs harbored BRCA1 PSV and 50 (39.4%) pairs harbored BRCA2 PSV. Median follow up was 8.7 years (interquartile range 4.6–16.1 years). Breast cancer rate for all BRCA carriers combined was not affected by RRBSO (RRBSO 21 [16.5%] versus no RRBSO 31 [24.4%], hazard ratio [HR] for breast cancer 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–1.14, P = 0.127). No association between RRBSO and breast cancer incidence was noted among BRCA1 PSV carriers. In BRCA2 PSV carriers, RRBSO was associated with a decreased overall breast cancer incidence (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.44–0.91, P = 0.038), as well as after 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Hormone replacement therapy was used by 62 PSV carriers, 52 in the RRBSO group and 10 in the no‐RRBSO group and did not affect breast cancer risk (P = 0.463).ConclusionRRBSO is associated with breast cancer risk reduction in Jewish Israeli BRCA2 PSV carriers.Risk‐reducing bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was associated with breast cancer risk reduction in Jewish Israeli BRCA2 pathogenic sequence variant carriers.
A novel receptive field‐regularized V‐net and nodule classification network for lung nodule detection
Authors: Dodia Shubham , Basava Annappa , Padukudru Anand Mahesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent advancements in deep learning have achieved great success in building a reliable computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system. In this work, a novel deep‐learning architecture, named receptive field regularized V‐net (RFR V‐Net), is proposed for detecting lung cancer nodules with reduced false positives (FP). The method uses a receptive regularization on the encoder block's convolution and deconvolution layer of the decoder block in the V‐Net model. Further, nodule classification is performed using a new combination of SqueezeNet and ResNet, named nodule classification network (NCNet). Postprocessing image enhancement is performed on the 2D slice by increasing the image's intensity by adding pseudo‐color or fluorescence contrast. The proposed RFR V‐Net resulted in dice similarity coefficient of 95.01% and intersection over union of 0.83, respectively. The proposed NCNet achieved the sensitivity of 98.38% and FPs/Scan of 2.3 for 3D representations. The proposed NCNet resulted in considerable improvements over existing CAD systems.
High optical‐throughput spectroscopic singlet oxygen and photosensitizer luminescence dosimeter for monitoring of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhao Youbo , Moritz Tobias , Hinds Michael F. , Gunn Jason R. , Shell Jennifer R. , Pogue Brian W. , Davis Steven J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a high light‐throughput spectroscopic dosimeter system that is able to noninvasively measure luminescence signals of singlet oxygen (1O2) produced during photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a CW (continuous wave) light source. The system is based on a compact, fiber‐coupled, high collection efficiency spectrometer (>50% transmittance) designed to maximize optical throughput but with sufficient spectral resolution (~7 nm). This is adequate to detect 1O2 phosphorescence in the presence of strong luminescence background in vivo. This system provides simultaneous acquisition of multiple spectral data points, allowing for more accurate determination of luminescence baseline via spectral fitting and thus the extraction of 1O2 phosphorescence signal based solely on spectroscopic decomposition, without the need for time‐gating. Simultaneous collection of photons at different wavelengths improves the quantum efficiency of the system when compared to sequential spectral measurements such as filter‐wheel or tunable‐filter based systems. A prototype system was tested during in vivo PDT tumor regression experiments using benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer. It was found that the treatment efficacy (tumor growth inhibition rate) correlated more strongly with 1O2 phosphorescence than with PS fluorescence. These results indicate that this high photon‐collection efficiency spectrometer instrument may offer a viable option for real‐time 1O2 dosimetry during PDT treatment using CW light.
Gallium (Ga)–strontium (Sr) layered double hydroxide composite coating on titanium substrates for enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial abilities
Authors: Li Kai , Tian Hongchuan , Guo Ai , Jin Liguo , Chen Weizhen , Tao Bailong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBacterial infection and poor osteogenic capacity can result in the loosing or failure of titanium (Ti)‐based implants in the clinic. Therefore, it is urgent to design an effective approach to enhance the osteogenic property and restrict bacterial activity. In this study, a layered double hydroxide (LDH) composed of Ga and Sr ions on Ti substrates by a hydrothermal method, then calcined in 250°C and denoted as LDH250. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were confirmed that the LDH films were successfully formed on the Ti substrates. Importantly, the obtained LDH films can induce an alkaline microenvironment around the Ti surface and regulate the behaviors of osteogenic cells and bacteria. In vitro cellular experiments, the LDH250 can enhance the differentiation of both MC3T3‐E1 cells and osteoblasts, stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), collagen secretion, and mineralization levels. Meanwhile, antimicrobial assay against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) demonstrated that the LDH250 samples had strong antibacterial abilities, which attributed to the release profile of Ga3+ could act as a “Trojan horse” to destroy the bacterial iron metabolism, inducing of local alkaline environment, and producing reactive oxygen species. Hence, this study provides an effective method for reducing antibacterial infection and enhancing the bone integrative capacity of Ti‐based implants for orthopedic applications.
A new functional role of mitochondria‐anchored protein ligase in peroxisome morphology in mammalian cells
Authors: Mohanty Abhishek , Zunino Rodolfo , Soubannier Vincent , Dilipkumar Shilpa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitochondria and peroxisomes are metabolically interconnected and functionally active subcellular organelles. These two dynamic organelles, share a number of common biochemical functions such as β‐oxidation of fatty acids and detoxification of peroxides. The biogenesis and morphology of both these organelles in the mammalian cells is controlled by common transcription factors like PGC1α, and by a common fission machinery comprising of fission proteins like DRP1, Mff, and hFis1, respectively. In addition, the outer membrane mitochondria‐anchored protein ligase (MAPL), the first mitochondrial SUMO E3 ligase with a RING‐finger domain, also regulates mitochondrial morphology inducing mitochondrial fragmentation upon its overexpression. This fragmentation is dependent on both the RING domain of MAPL and the presence of the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin‐related protein‐1 (DRP1). Earlier studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial‐derived vesicles are formed independently of the known mitochondrial fission GTPase, DRP1 are enriched for MAPL and are targeted to peroxisomes. The current study shows that MAPL regulates morphology of peroxisomes in a cell‐type specific manner. Fascinatingly, the peroxisome elongation caused either due to silencing of DRP1 or by addition of polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid was blocked by overexpressing MAPL in mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, the transfection and colocalisation studies of MAPL with peroxisome membrane marker, PMP70, in different cell lines clearly revealed a cell‐type specificity of transport of MAPL to peroxisomes. Previous work has placed the Vps35 (retromer component) as vital for delivery of MAPL to peroxisomes, placing the retromer as critical for the formation of MAPL‐positive mitochondrial‐derived vesicles. The results of polyethylene glycol‐based cell–cell fusion assay signified that the enrichment of MAPL in peroxisomes is through vesicles and a retromer dependent phenomenon. Thus, a novel function for MAPL in peroxisomes is established to regulate peroxisome elongation and morphology under growth conditions and thus possibly modulate peroxisome fission.
Surface texture and fractal analysis of cemented carbide cutting tools
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Kulesza Slawomir , Bramowicz Miroslaw , Zhuyu Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work highlights the usefulness of multi‐scale‐fractal and surface‐texture analysis in the machining of cemented carbide cutting edge by electrolytic‐abrasive honing (EAH) process. In order to achieve this, a fresh (untreated) cutting edge sample and the same sample after machining by electrolytic‐abrasive honing (treated) were studied upon their characteristics of surface texture and material properties to provide manufacturers a sustainable advantage in strengthening their tools. The surface characteristics of untreated and honed samples have been analyzed by evaluating four similar locations in the regions of each sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used for the characterization of materials surface. It was found that the unprepared cutting edge and the electrolytic‐abrasive sharp surface regions of the samples could be distinguished by area scale analysis and surface texture characteristics. The present study will help in improving the life span estimation of the tools and highlight the opportunities for the statistical modeling of lubrication mechanisms between the tool and the workpiece.
Efficient access to some new pyrimidine derivatives and their antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: El‐mahdy Kamelia M. , Farouk Osama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract1‐[4‐(3‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐6‐methyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐5‐yl]ethanone (1) was used as a precursor for heterocyclic synthesis. Condensation of compound 1 with monochloroacetic acid and benzaldehyde gave thiazolopyrimidine 2 which in turn underwent cyclization with malononitrile dimmer to afford malononitrile derivative 3. Also, the reaction of compound 1 with benzaldehyde under a basic condition produced chalcone 4. Chalcone 4 can be used as a key intermediate for further preparation of heterocyclic compounds. In addition, compound 1 was allowed to react with malononitrile dimmer and/or ethyl chloroacetate to give pyrimidines 8 and 9, respectively. Alkylation of compound 8 with ethyl chloroacetate afforded S‐alkylated product 10 which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to yield the hydrazino derivative 11. Alternative synthesis of compound 10 was taken place through reaction of compound 9 with malononitrile dimmer. The biological activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated. Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8 recorded high activities against Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus). Structures of the new synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data.