bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric, biochemical, and nutritional risk factors for osteoporosis in Korean adults based on a large cross-sectional study
Authors: Yoo Junghun , Lee Bum Ju 
Published: December 2021

Background
Osteoporosis a common bone disorder characterized by decreases in bone mass, tension, and strength. Although many previous studies worldwide have sought to identify the risk factors for osteoporosis, studies that simultaneously examine a variety of factors, such as biochemical, anthropometric and nutritional components, are very rare. Therefore, the objective of this study was to simultaneously examine the association of osteoporosis with biochemical profiles, anthropometric factors, and nutritional components in a large-scale cross-sectional study.

Method
This cross-sectional study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-VII) from 2015 to 2018. Based on data from 16,454 participants, logistic regression was used to examine the association between various parameters in a crude analysis and in models adjusted for confounders.

Results
In men, osteoporosis was significantly associated with the anthropometric variables height and weight; the biochemical components hemoglobin, hematocrit, urea nitrogen and urine pH and creatinine; and the nutritional components total food intake, energy, water, protein, phosphorus, and kalium. However, these associations disappeared in adjusted model 2. In women, osteoporosis was significantly related to the anthropometric measures height, weight, and systolic blood pressure; the biochemical components hemoglobin, hematocrit and urine pH; and the nutritional components total food intake, water, calcium, phosphorus, and kalium. Most of these associations were maintained in the adjusted models.

Conclusion
Osteoporosis was linked to various anthropometric, biochemical and urine and nutritional components in Korean women, but the association between osteoporosis and risk factors differed according to sex.
An exploration of the use of 3D printed foot models and simulated foot lesions to supplement scalpel skill training in undergraduate podiatry students: A multiple method study
Authors: Banwell Helen A. , Causby Ryan S. , Crozier Alyson J. , Nettle Brendan , Murray Carolyn 
Published: December 2021

Background
Podiatrists regularly use scalpels in the management of foot pathologies, yet the teaching and learning of these skills can be challenging. The use of 3D printed foot models presents an opportunity for podiatry students to practice their scalpel skills in a relatively safe, controlled risk setting, potentially increasing confidence and reducing associated anxiety. This study evaluated the use of 3D printed foot models on podiatry students’ anxiety and confidence levels and explored the fidelity of using 3D foot models as a teaching methodology.

Materials and methods
Multiple study designs were used. A repeated measure trial evaluated the effects of a 3D printed foot model on anxiety and confidence in two student groups: novice users in their second year of podiatry studies (n = 24), and more experienced fourth year students completing a workshop on ulcer management (n = 15). A randomised controlled trial compared the use of the 3D printed foot models (n = 12) to standard teaching methods (n = 15) on students’ anxiety and confidence in second year students. Finally, a focus group was conducted (n = 5) to explore final year student’s perceptions of the fidelity of the foot ulcer models in their studies.

Results
The use of 3D printed foot models increased both novice and more experienced users’ self-confidence and task self-efficacy; however, cognitive and somatic anxiety was only reduced in the experienced users. All changes were considered large effects. In comparison to standard teaching methods, the use of 3D printed foot models had similar decreases in anxiety and increases in confidence measures. Students also identified the use of 3D foot models for the learning of scalpel skills as ‘authentic’ and ‘lifelike’ and led to enhanced confidence prior to assessment of skills in more high-risk situations.

Conclusion
Podiatry undergraduate programs should consider using 3D printed foot models as a teaching method to improve students’ confidence and reduce their anxiety when using scalpels, especially in instances where face-to-face teaching is not possible (e.g., pandemic related restrictions on face-to-face teaching).
Time Optimal Control Studies on COVID-19 Incorporating Adverse Events of the Antiviral Drugs
Authors: Chhetri Bishal , Bhagat Vijay M. , Muthusamy Swapna , Ananth V S , Vamsi D. K. K. , Sanjeevi Carani B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
COVID -19 pandemic has resulted in more than 257 million infections and 5.15 million deaths worldwide. Several drug interventions targeting multiple stages of the pathogenesis of COVID -19 can significantly reduce induced infection and thus mortality. In this study, we first develop SIV model at within-host level by incorporating the intercellular time delay and analyzing the stability of equilibrium points. The model dynamics admits a disease-free equilibrium and an infected equilibrium with their stability based on the value of the basic reproduction number R
0. We then formulate an optimal control problem with antiviral drugs and second-line drugs as control measures and study their roles in reducing the number of infected cells and viral load. The comparative study conducted in the optimal control problem suggests that if the first-line antiviral drugs show adverse effects, considering these drugs in reduced amounts along with the second-line drugs would be very effective in reducing the number of infected cells and viral load in a COVID-19 infected patient. Later, we formulate a time-optimal control problem with the goal of driving the system from any initial state to the desired infection-free equilibrium state in finite minimal time. Using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle, it is shown that the optimal control strategy is of the bang-bang type, with the possibility of switching between two extreme values of the optimal controls. Numerically, it is shown that the desired infection-free state is achieved in a shorter time when the higher values of the optimal controls. The results of this study may be very helpful to researchers, epidemiologists, clinicians and physicians working in this field.
Zum Modalverbeinsatz in Einleitungen von Dissertationen aus unterschiedlichen Fachbereichen
Authors: Hinzmann Friederike 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird der Einsatz von Modalverben (MV) in Einleitungen von Dissertationen aus unterschiedlichen Fachbereichen untersucht. Anhand dieses Materials wird gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von MV einerseits im Zusammenhang mit für die Dissertation als typisch zu charakterisierenden Handlungen steht, andererseits aber auch MV-Verwendungen auszumachen sind, die nur unter Rückgriff auf fachliches Wissen zu rekonstruieren sind und daher komplexe leserseitige Deutungsleistungen erfordern, die für eine Didaktik dieser sprachlichen Mittel im Zusammenhang des Deutschen als fremder Wissenschaftssprache zu berücksichtigen sind.
Application of nanotechnologies along the food supply chain
Authors: Cruz-Lopes Luísa , Macena Morgana , Guiné Raquel P. F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are new frontiers for this century. Nanotechnology translates into the ability to manipulate the material on a nanoscale. As in other sectors, recent developments in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology offer new opportunities for innovation for food. Nanofoods are considered foods grown, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnological tools that incorporate nanomaterials to improve nutritional quality, taste or texture, and increase the shelf life of food. Nanotechnology’s applications are diverse, going from nanoencapsulated ingredients, such as bioactive compounds, nutrients and food additives that increase the bioavailability of the compounds, to ingredients that constitute nanostructures and nanotextures that provide barriers for physical-chemical protection, which allow modification of flavour and odour. Also, has the potential to be used as biosensors to monitor food conditions during storage and transport, through packaging that includes indicators. This review covers the development and use of nanotechnology along the food supply chain, focusing the agricultural production, industrial processing and protection through packaging, as well as addressing the advantages and disadvantages of using this technology.
Endothelial Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 4 Regulates Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Promotes a Homeostatic Endothelial Phenotype
Authors: Hansen Lena , Lohfink Niklas , Vutukuri Rajkumar , Kestner Roxane-Isabelle , Trautmann Sandra , Hecht Max , Wagner Pia Viktoria , Spitzer Daniel , Khel Maryam Ibrahim , Macas Jadranka , Ferreirós Nerea , Gurke Robert , Günther Stefan , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Devraj Kavi 
Published: December 2021

The precise regulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability for immune cells and blood-borne substances is essential to maintain brain homeostasis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid signaling molecule enriched in plasma, is known to affect BBB permeability. Previous studies focused on endothelial S1P receptors 1 and 2, reporting a barrier-protective effect of S1P1 and a barrier-disruptive effect of S1P2. Here, we present novel data characterizing the expression, localization, and function of the S1P receptor 4 (S1P4) on primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Hitherto, the receptor was deemed to be exclusively immune cell associated. We detected a robust expression of S1P4 in homeostatic murine BMECs (MBMECs), bovine BMECs (BBMECs), and porcine BMECs (PBMECs) and pinpointed its localization to abluminal endothelial membranes via immunoblotting of fractionated brain endothelial membrane fragments. Apical S1P treatment of BMECs tightened the endothelial barrierin vitro, whereas basolateral S1P treatment led to an increased permeability that correlated with S1P4 downregulation. Likewise, downregulation of S1P4 was observed in mouse brain microvessels (MBMVs) after stroke, a neurologic disease associated with BBB impairment. RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis of BMECs suggested the involvement of S1P4 in endothelial homeostasis and barrier function. Using S1P4 knock-out (KO) mice and S1P4 siRNA as well as pharmacological agonists and antagonists of S1P4 bothin vitroandin vivo, we demonstrate an overall barrier-protective function of S1P4. We therefore suggest S1P4 as a novel target regulating BBB permeability and propose its therapeutic potential in CNS diseases associated with BBB dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany neurologic diseases including multiple sclerosis and stroke are associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment and disturbed brain homeostasis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are potent regulators of endothelial permeability and pharmacological S1PR modulators are already in clinical use. However, the precise role of S1P for BBB permeability regulation and the function of receptors other than S1P1 and S1P2 therein are still unclear. Our study shows both barrier-disruptive and barrier-protective effects of S1P at the BBB that depend on receptor polarization. We demonstrate the expression and novel barrier-protective function of S1P4 in brain endothelial cells and pinpoint its localization to abluminal membranes. Our work may contribute to the development of novel specific S1PR modulators for the treatment of neurologic diseases associated with BBB impairment.
PRECISIONES CONCEPTUALES, TEÓRICAS E HISTÓRICAS PARA UNA NOCIÓN INDISCIPLINADA DE LA ARQUITECTURA Y SU INVESTIGACION
Authors: Farrés Delgado Yasser 
Published: December 2021

La necesidad de equiparar la producción de conocimiento en arquitectura con la producción en otras áreas, que surge en Colombia con el proceso de medición de grupos de investigación e investigadores de Colciencias/Minciencias,[1] parece haber dejado a un lado a la motivación por comprender las relaciones internas entre las sub-disciplinas de la arquitectura como elemento fundante de la naturaleza del conocimiento arquitectural. Frente a ello, este ensayo hace una revisión bibliográfica que recupera las nociones de arquitectura y sus sub-disciplinas conceptuadas por autores relevantes del contexto latino/latinoamericano y las pone en contacto con otras referencias. Se pretende argumentar que es necesario pensar la investigación en arquitectura más allá del concepto “investigación proyectual”.
[1] Colciencias es el acrónimo del antiguo Departamento Administrativo de Ciencias, Tecnología e Innovación, devenido en el actual Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología e Innovación (Minciencias)
Potencial social y ambiental de la industria eólica para una transición energética en América Latina
Authors: Zepeda Cancino Rubén Manuel , Vázquez García Verónica 
Published: December 2021

Brasil, México y Uruguay han adoptado la energía eólica como estrategia para combatir el cambio climático. Sin embargo, sus experiencias son distintas y se encuentran poco documentadas. Este artículo analiza las ventajas y desventajas de la industria eólica con miras a su futura expansión en América Latina. La metodología consiste en sistematizar y analizar la bibliografía existente en castellano, portugués e inglés. Se identificaron cuatro ventajas de la energía eólica (baja huella de carbono, reducidos costos de producción, creación de empleos e ingresos por renta de tierras) y cinco desventajas (pérdida de cobertura forestal, impacto en aves y fuentes de agua, contaminación por derrames de aceite y desechos y afectaciones a la salud). Los desafíos de política pública para la región son: fomentar la investigación sobre los daños socioambientales de la energía eólica y diseñar herramientas para mitigarlos; desarrollar la cadena completa de suministros de manufactura e insumos mediante la innovación tecnológica; repartir equitativamente los beneficios de la industria eólica entre la población local y priorizar la necesidad pública de electricidad, por encima de intereses privados. Mientras estos desafíos no sean asumidos plenamente, los proyectos eólicos seguirán formando parte de una estructura hegemónica que se autoproclama como la solución al cambio climático, pero que sigue manteniendo una lógica extractivista que no beneficia a la población.
Abstract
Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay have adopted wind energy as a means to fight climate change. However, their experiences are different and insufficiently documented. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the wind industry in light of its future expansion in Latin America. The methodology consists of the systematization and analysis of literature written in Spanish, Portuguese and English. Four advantages and five disadvantages were identified. The advantages are wind energy’s reduced carbon footprint, low production costs, the potential for job creation and income from land rentals, while the disadvantages are possible vegetation loss, impact on birds and water sources, oil and waste contamination and health damage. The challenges for public policy are: supporting research on the socioenvironmental impacts of the wind industry and designing tools for their mitigation; developing a full supply chain of materials through technological innovation; distributing the benefits of wind energy equally among the local population, and prioritizing public needs of electricity above the interest of the private sector. If these challenges are not fully met, wind energy projects will be part of a hegemonic structure that claims to solve the problems created by climate change, while in fact continuing to use an extractivist logic, incapable of benefitting people.
Ecología política del sufrimiento por desechos radiactivos: estudio de caso en Temascalapa, México
Authors: Castillo Oropeza Oscar Adán , Delgado Hernández Edgar 
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se analiza, desde la ecología política del sufrimiento por desechos radiactivos, el caso del Centro de Almacenamiento de Desechos Radiactivos (CADER) ubicado en el municipio de Temascalapa, estado de México, México. En un escenario de supuesta transición energética a escala global y local, las relaciones de poder político-económicas determinan la producción y disposición final de los desechos radiactivos en este lugar. Se analizan las experiencias de sufrimiento ambiental de los sujetos que habitan cerca del CADER, los cuales padecen la incertidumbre, la espera, el engaño y el abandono por parte del Estado, así como las acciones políticas que han realizado en defensa de su territorio y de la vida en general. El trabajo de campo en las comunidades contiguas al CADER tuvo una duración de cuatro meses. Se realizaron observaciones de campo, fotografías, entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, análisis de documentos y datos oficiales, notas de periódico y sistemas de información geográfica.

Abstract
This article analyzes, from the point of view of the political ecology of suffering from radioactive waste, the case of the Radioactive Waste Storage Center (CADER) located in the municipality of Temascalapa, State of Mexico, Mexico. In a scenario of supposed energy transition at a global and local level, the political-economic power relations determine the production and final disposal of radioactive waste in this place. The experiences of environmental suffering of the subjects who live near the CADER, who suffer from uncertainty, waiting, deception and abandonment by the State are analyzed, as well as the political actions they have taken to defend their territory and life in general. The fieldwork in the communities adjacent to CADER, with a duration of 4 months, included observations, photographs, semi-structured interviews with key informants, analysis of official documents and data, newspaper notes, and geographic information systems.
Imaginarios urbanos en áreas protegidas de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Authors: Loyza María Belén , Azcue Vigil Ignacio Mariano 
Published: December 2021

Las reservas naturales dentro de las áreas urbanas brindan servicios ecosistémicos a la población y son de gran importancia para lograr la sostenibilidad urbana. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo estas áreas protegidas son comprendidas por los habitantes de la ciudad, tomando como caso de estudio la Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata (RNPMdP) y la Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos (BPR), ambas pertenecientes al partido de General Pueyrredon (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Con la finalidad de recuperar aquellos imaginarios urbanos que guían las prácticas de las personas, se recurre a fuentes de información primaria y secundaria, como entrevistas en profundidad y documentos oficiales, utilizando una metodología cualitativa de investigación. El miedo asociado a la naturaleza “salvaje”, la búsqueda de control y orden, la tranquilidad de alejarse de los centros urbanos y refugiarse en lugares del periurbano y las diferentes percepciones sobre la gestión en espacios públicos y privados de naturaleza urbana son algunos de los imaginarios abordados. Tomando en cuenta los problemas de conservación que enfrentan las áreas protegidas urbanas, estudiar cómo son comprendidas es necesario para una correcta gestión ambiental urbana.

Abstract
Nature reserves within urban areas provide ecosystem services to the population. They have great importance to achieve urban sustainability. The objective of this article is to analyze how these protected areas are understood by the inhabitants of the city, taking as a case study two reserves located in general Pueyrredon, Buenos Aires, Argentina: “Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata” and “Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos”. In order to recover the urban imaginaries that guide the practices of people, the research bases on aqualitative research methodology, employing primary and secondary information sources, such as in-depth interviews and official documents. The fear associated with the “wild” nature, the search for control and order, the tranquility of moving away from urban centers and taking refuge in peri-urban places and the different perceptions about urban nature management in public and private spaces are some of the imaginary addressed. Taking into consideration the conservation problems faced by urban protected areas, it is important to study how these spaces are understood, for proper urban environmental management.
Regulaciones, políticas y conflictos por agroquímicos en Salta, Argentina
Authors: Schmidt Mariana Andrea 
Published: December 2021

La consolidación del agronegocio en Argentina, desde finales del siglo XX, puede analizarse en sus múltiples y diversas consecuencias: impactos ambientales por la deforestación de bosques nativos; conflictividad social por la expulsión y destrucción de los modos de producción y reproducción de la vida campesina e indígena; efectos en la salud por la exposición a plaguicidas, entre los principales. A partir de fuentes de datos secundarias y de entrevistas en profundidad, el artículo busca aportar al entendimiento de las consecuencias ambientales y sanitarias ligadas al uso de agroquímicos en Salta, provincia del norte argentino que en años recientes incorporó amplias superficies a la producción agroindustrial. Se realiza una caracterización y análisis crítico de las normativas y políticas públicas en la materia, así como de las situaciones de conflicto. Los principales hallazgos muestran que en Salta existen leyes específicas que regulan el uso de agroquímicos y cierta institucionalidad destinada a su implementación y control. No obstante, el estudio releva una multiplicidad de situaciones que dan cuenta de la emergencia y trayectoria de conflictos que, con diverso grado de visibilidad e intensidad, problematizan los efectos en la salud humana y en los ecosistemas en las escalas locales.

Abstract
The consolidation of agribusiness in Argentina since the end of the 20th century can be analyzed in its multiple and diverse consequences: environmental impacts due to the deforestation of native forests; social conflict over the forcing out and destruction of rural and indigenous production and reproduction methods; health effects since exposure to pesticides, among the main ones. Based on secondary information sources and in-depth interviews, the article aims to contribute to the understanding of the environmental and sanitary impacts linked to fumigation with agrochemicals in Salta, a province of northern Argentina which in recent years has incorporated large areas into agricultural production and presents ecological and social characteristics that differ from the Pampas region. This research focuses on a critical characterization and analysis of the regulatory frameworks and public policies on that matter, as well as in a survey related to conflicts. The main findings show that in Salta different legal frameworks regulate the use of agrochemicals, while state agencies are meant to implement and monitor such regulations. However, the study compiles numerous situations that illustrate the emergence and path of certain conflicts that, with varying levels of visibility and intensity, problematize the effects on human health and ecosystems at the local levels.