bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh size control in forming an Ag/AgO nano-network structure for transparent conducting application
Authors: Chen Jia-Wei , Yang Shaobo , Li Chia-Hao , Huang Yang-Yi , Chen Chen-Hua , Yang C C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The variation behaviors of the morphology, transmission, and sheet resistance of the surface Ag/AgO nano-network (NNW) structures fabricated under different illumination conditions and with different Ag deposition thicknesses and thermal annealing temperatures in forming initial Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are studied. Generally, an NNW structure with a smaller mesh size or a denser branch distribution has a lower transmission and a lower sheet resistance level. Under the fabrication condition of a broader illumination spectrum, a lower thermal annealing temperature, or a thicker Ag deposition, we can obtain an NNW structure of a smaller mesh size. The mesh size of an NNW structure is basically controlled by the seed density of Brownian tree (BT) at the beginning of light illumination. A BT seed can be formed through a stronger local localized surface plasmon resonance for accelerating Ag oxidation in a certain region. Once an Ag/AgO BT seed is formed, the surrounding Ag NPs are reorganized to form the branches of a BT. Multiple BTs are connected to form a large-area NNW structure, which can serve as a transparent conductor. Under the fabrication conditions of a broader illumination spectrum, 3 nm Ag deposition, and 100 °C thermal annealing, we can implement an NNW structure to achieve ∼1.15 μm in mesh size, ∼90 Ω sq−1 in sheet resistance, and 93%–77% in transmittance within the wavelength range between 370 and 700 nm.
Chiral FexCuySe nanoparticles as peroxidase mimics for colorimetric detection of 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine enantiomers
Authors: Hu Shuyang , Shuai Qiuyan , Lin Yulong , Fu Yan , Li Meng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractL-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-dopa) is the most widely used drug in Parkinson’s disease treatment. However, development of cost-effective and high-throughput sensors to accurate enantioselective discrimination of L-dopa and D-dopa remains challenging to date. Herein, on the basis of the peroxidase-mimic activity of chiral FexCuySe nanoparticles, we demonstrated a novel colorimetric sensor for determination of chiral dopa. The surface chiral ligand, L/D-histidine (L/D-His), endowed the nanozymes with enantioselectivity in catalyzing the oxidation of dopa enantiomers. According to the values ofkcat/Km, the efficiency of L-His modified nanoparticles (L-FexCuySe NPs) towards L-dopa was 1.56 times higher than that of D-dopa. While, D-His can facilely reverse the preference of the nanozyme to D-dopa. On the basis of high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of L-FexCuySe NPs in oxidation of L-dopa, the L-FexCuySe NPs-based system can be utilized for detection of L-dopa. The linear ranges for L-dopa determination were 5μM–0.125 mM and 0.125 mM–1 mM with a detection limit of 1.02μM. Critically, the developed sensor has been successfully applied in the quality control of clinical used L-dopa tablets. Our work sheds light on developing simple and sensitive chiral nanomaterials-based sensors for drug analysis.
Thermoelectric properties of Zn- and Ce-alloyed In2O3 and the effect of SiO2 nanoparticle additives
Authors: Hsin Cheng-Lun , Hsiao Jen-Che , Chen You-Ming , Lee Sheng-Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thermoelectric materials are considered promising candidates for thermal energy conversion. This study presents the fabrication of Zn- and Ce-alloyed In2O3 with a porous structure. The electrical conductivity was improved by the alloying effect and an ultra-low thermal conductivity was observed owing to the porous structure, which concomitantly provide a distinct enhancement of ZT. However, SiO2 nanoparticle additives react with the matrix to form a third-phase impurity, which weakens the electrical conductivity and increases the thermal conductivity. A thermoelectric module was constructed for the purpose of thermal heat energy conversion. Our experimental results proved that both an enhancement in electrical conductivity and a suppression in thermal conductivity could be achieved through nano-engineering. This approach presents a feasible route to synthesize porous thermoelectric oxides, and provides insight into the effect of additives; moreover, this approach is a cost-effective method for the fabrication of thermoelectric oxides without traditional hot-pressing and spark-plasma-sintering processes.
Wakefield stimulated terahertz radiation from a plasma grating
Authors: Lehmann Götz , Spatschek Karl Heinz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When a short laser pulse propagates in a corrugated plasma, its wakefield interacts with the density and electric field ripples of the plasma. In the present paper, the modulation of the plasma originates from two counter-propagating long laser pulses, i.e. the corrugated plasma can be as- sumed as a so called plasma grating. PIC (particle in cell) simulations show electromagnetic wave radiation at a frequency just above the plasma frequency when the wakefield interacts with the grating. An electromagnetic instability is proposed as the reason for the emission process. The electrostatic driver of the electromagnetic instability is the beat of wake and grating. That beat mode possess large wavenumber (originating from the small grating wavelength) and small fre- quency (of the order of the plasma frequency) when one concentrates on small ratios of the plasma modulation length to the wavelength of the wakefield. The latter situation occurs when the long laser pulses (which generate the grating) as well as the short laser pulse (which drives the wakefield) have similar frequency ω0 ≫ ωpe where ωpe is the plasma frequency. The coherent volume emission process lasts for a while. It is finally superseded by terahertz transition radiation at the boundaries of the original grating.
Application of encapsulated hollow gold nanocluster targets for high-quality and quasi-monoenergetic ions generation
Authors: Mehrangiz Mahsa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With persistent progress in ultra-intense laser pulses, Coulomb explosions (CE) of spherical nanoclusters can in principle produce high-quality quasi-monoenergetic ions. Focusing on using CE framework, in this paper, I have proposed a target scheme to accelerate the light/heavy ion beams. The scheme relies on encapsulating a hollow gold nanocluster inside a hollow proton-carbon (HC) nanosphere. The ability of this suggestion has been simulated by the two-dimensional particle-in-cell code (EPOCH). Simulation results exhibit that a hollow gold cluster can positively increase the electron extraction. This condition may improve the acceleration of low-divergence H+, C6+, and Au67+ ions. The simulation shows that at the end of the interaction, for a gold cluster with an optimal hollow radius of 91.3 nm, the cut-off energy of H+, C6+, and Au67+ are about 54.9, 51.5, and 54.9 MeV u−1, respectively. In this case, an increase of about 52% for H+ and 61% for C6+ is obtained, contrast to bare HC hollow nanosphere (i.e. a hollow nanosphere with no cluster), while the relative divergence decreases to 1.38 and 1.86, respectively, for H+ and C6+ ions. I have also compared my simulation results with another proposed target structure composed of a void area with an optimum diameter of 70.4 nm between the fully-gold nanocluster and HC nanosphere. I have exhibited that the results are improved, contrast to bare nanosphere. However, the cut-off energy suppression and angular divergence increase are shown compared with encapsulated hollow gold nanocluster structure.
Sensitivity analysis for detecting chemicals by the optical chemical sensor based Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) in the Terahertz (THz) regime
Authors: Hossain Md Selim , Faruq Md Omar , Rana Md Masud , Sen Shuvo , Haque Md Dulal , Azad Mir Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research article demonstrates a good simulation result for identifying and detecting various industrial chemicals in a Terahertz (THz) waveguide with a new heptagonal, five layers of heptagonal photonic fiber elliptic form, heptagonal cladding shape (H-PCF). COMSOL 4.2 software based on finite element (FEM) methods and perfectly matched layers check our composition (PML). The different chemicals are also differentiated and identified by each other in different parameters H-PCF fibers show a high relative sensitivity of ethanol of approximately 86.50 percent after numerical analysis, Benzene around 89.35%, and water around 85.15% at a frequency of around 0.7 THz. In our experiment, we obtained very low confinement losses at 1 terahertz (THz) such as 5.95 × 10−08 dB/m for Ethanol 6.67 × 10−08 dB/m for Benzene, and 5.80 × 10−08 dB/m for water. Regarding these results, we can strongly recommend that our proposed heptagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) will be more congenial in biomedical, bio-medicine, and industrial areas for the identification and detection of various types of chemicals with the help of a THz waveguide.
Performance enhancement of armchair graphene nanoribbon resonant tunneling diode using V-shaped potential well
Authors: Mishra Madhusudan , Das Nikhil R. , Sahoo Narayan , Sahu Trinath 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the electron transport in armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) resonant tunneling diode (RTD) using square and V-shaped potential well profiles. We use non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism to analyze the transmission and I–V characteristics. Results show that an enhancement in the peak current (I

p
) can be obtained by reducing the well width (W

w
) or barrier width (W

b
). As W

w
decreases, I

p
shifts to a higher peak voltage (V

p
), while there is almost no change in V

p
with decreasing W

b
. It is gratifying to note that there is an enhancement in I

p
by about 1.6 times for a V-shaped well over a square well. Furthermore, in the case of a V-shaped well, the negative differential resistance occurs in a shorter voltage range, which may beneficial for ultra-fast switching and high-frequency signal generation. Our work anticipates the suitability of graphene having better design flexibility, to develop ideally 2D RTDs for use in ultra-dense nano-electronic circuits and systems.
On primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves generated from inflation with solo/multi-bumpy potential *
Authors: Zheng Ruifeng , Shi Jiaming , Qiu Taotao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is well known that a primordial black hole (PBH) can be generated in the inflation process of the early universe, especially when the inflation field has a number of non-trivial features that could break the slow-roll condition. In this study, we investigate a toy model of inflation with bumpy potential, which has one or several bumps. We determined that the potential with multi-bump can generate power spectra with multi-peaks in small-scale region, which can in turn predict the generation of primordial black holes in various mass ranges. We also consider the two possibilities of PBH formation by spherical and elliptical collapses. Finally, we discuss the scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) generated by linear scalar perturbations at second-order.
The Precision Analysis of the Chinese VLBI Network in Probe Delay Measurement
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Lei , Zheng Wei-Min , Zhang Juan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) precision evaluation method for probe delay measurement, so as to investigate the error contributions from different components in the Chinese VLBI Network (CVN). This method takes the idea of traditional closure delay analysis for distant radio sources. It focuses on the VLBI closure delay only and therefore excludes the influence of probe orbit determination, which makes it very suitable to evaluate the capability of VLBI probe delay measurement. In this paper, we first introduce the principles of closure delay analysis. Then the statistical results of typical CE5 (Chinese Chang’e 5 lunar exploration mission) and HX1 (Chinese Mars exploration mission) observations are presented, including the comparison of the closure delay precisions between CE5 and HX1 for four closed baseline triangles in CVN. According to the result, we realize that the precision discrepancy between CE5 and HX1 in the closure delay analysis is less than that of residual delay after orbit determination, which reflects the precision level of the VLBI delay measurement.
Electrical transport properties of cerium doped Bi2Te3 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Teng Peng , Zhou Tong , Wang Yonghuan , Zhao Ke , Zhu Xiegang , Lai Xinchun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introducing magnetism into topological insulators (TIs) can tune the topological surface states and produce exotic physical effects. Rare earth elements are considered as important dopant candidates, due to their large magnetic moments from heavily shielded 4f electrons. As the first element with just one 4f electron, cerium (Ce) offers an ideal platform for exploring the doping effect of f-electron in TIs. Here in this work, we have grown cerium-doped topological insulator Bi2Te3 thin films on an Al2O3(0001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Electronic transport measurements revealed the Kondo effect, weak anti-localization (WAL) effect and suppression of surface conducting channels by Ce doping. Our research shows the fundamental doping effects of Ce in Bi2Te3 thin films, and demonstrates that such a system could be a good platform for further research.
Development of high-power, long-pulse, multi-frequency ECH/CD system for JT-60SA
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Yamazaki H. , Hiranai S. , Sawahata M. , Terakado M. , Ishita K. , Hinata J. , Sato F. , Wada K. , Toida N. , Ikeda R. , Shinya T. , Yajima S. , Kajiwara K. , Takahashi K. , Moriayama S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A gyrotron and a matching optics unit (MOU) for the multi-frequency electron cyclotron heating and current drive (ECH/CD) system in JT-60SA have been developed successfully. The gyrotron demonstrated stable operation at high powers of 1.5 MW for 5 s and 1.9 MW for 1 s at 110 GHz. To obtain high HE11 mode purity (>90%) at the outlet of the waveguide in the ECH/CD launcher, a MOU for operating at three frequencies of 82 GHz, 110 GHz, and 138 GHz that includes three pairs of water-cooled phase correcting mirrors has been developed, which allows the mirrors to be changed without opening the evacuated MOU. The mode purity at the inlet of a dummy load in the transmission line was evaluated at high-power and an HE11 mode purity of >90% was obtained at three frequencies.
Geant4 simulation of the Tunka-Grande experiment
Authors: Monkhoev R , Ternovoy M , Astapov I , Bezyazeekov P , Borodin A , Brueckner M , Budnev N , Chiavassa A , Dyachok A , Gafarov A , Garmash A , Grebenyuk V , Gress O , Gress T , Grinyuk A , Grishin O , Horns D , Igoshin A , Ivanova A , Ivanova Al , Kalmykov N , Kindin V , Kiryuhin S , Kokoulin R , Kompaniets K , Korosteleva E , Kozhin V , Kravchenko E , Kryukov A , Kuzmichev L , Lagutin A , Lemeshev Y , Lubsandorzhiev B , Lubsandorzhiev N , Lukyantsev D , Malakhov S , Mirgazov R , Mirzoyan R , Osipova E , Pakhorukov A , Pankov L , Petrukhin A , Poddubnyi I , Poleschuk V , Ponomareva V , Popesku M , Popova E , Porelli A , Postnikov E , Prosin V , Ptuskin V , Pushnin A , Raikin R , Rubtsov G , Ryabov E , Sagan Y , Samoliga V , Sabirov B , Silaev A , Sidorenkov A , Sinegovsky S , Skurikhin A , Slunecka V , Sokolov A , Suvorkin Y , Sveshnikova L , Tabolenko V , Tarashchansky B , Tkachev L , Tluczykont M , Tanaev A , Togoo R , Ushakov N , Vaidyanathan A , Volchugov P , Voronin D , Wischnewski R , Zagorodnikov A , Zhaglova A , Zhurov D , Yashin I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Tunka-Grande array is part of a single experimental complex, which also includes the Tunka-133 and TAIGA-HiScORE (High Sensitivity COsmic Rays and gamma Explorer) wide-angle Cherenkov arrays, TAIGA-IACT array (Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope) and TAGA-MUON scintillation array. This complex is located in the Tunka Valley (Buryatia Republic, Russia), 50 km from Lake Baikal. It is designed to study the energy spectrum and the mass composition of charged cosmic rays in the energy range 100 TeV - 1000 PeV, to search for diffuse gamma rays above 100 TeV and to study local sources of gamma rays with energies above 30 TeV.
This report outlines 3 key points. The first is the description of the Tunka-Grande scintillation array. The second one presents the computer simulation strategy of the Tunka Grande array based on the Geant4 software. The third one is devoted to the prospects for future research in the field of cosmic ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy using simulation results.
Detailed study of the GRB 190114C spectral lags in the energy range of 5 keV – 2 MeV
Authors: Dranevich V A , Dmitriev P B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The spectral lags of gamma ray bursts are defined as the difference in the registration time of the same radiation pulse in different energy channels of the recording device. This parameter can characterize both the mechanism of radiation generation by the source and the physical conditions of radiation propagation from the source to the observer. In this paper, the dependence of the arrival time of photons on their energy for the gamma ray burst GRB 190114C is obtained from the data of the Gamma ray Burst Monitor (NaI detectors) of the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope. It is shown that this dependence is mainly due to the back edges of the light curve pulses. The spectral lags of the leading edges of the pulses are small and comparable in magnitude to the measurement errors. The observed anomaly in the energy range from 5 to 20 keV is probably related to the quasi-thermal radiation of the source.
Modeling of cosmic ray 22Ne-enrichment in compact star clusters
Authors: Kalyashova M E , Bykov A M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

22Ne/20Ne isotopic ratio is found to be about 5 times higher in Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) than in the solar wind. In this paper we develop the hypothesis that the 22Ne overabundance in CRs is generated in compact massive star clusters which contain populations of Wolf-Rayet stars. Winds of Wolf-Rayet stars are considered to have high content of 22Ne. We assume that particle acceleration occurs on the ensemble of strong shocks from the massive stars’ winds. We present a model of cosmic ray enrichment with 22Ne, adding isotopic yields from supernovae and taking into account the acceleration efficiency during the lifetime of the stars. The impact of the parameters (the initial mass function in the cluster, rotation velocity, black hole cut-off mass) is discussed. The energy balance for our model is calculated.
Influence of the temperature of the photosphere and deeper layers of the Sun on the spectra of gamma quanta with energies above 511 keV during solar flares
Authors: Vasilyev G I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gamma-ray quanta, which occur during solar flares due to the interaction of accelerated protons with the photosphere and deeper layers of the sun, enter interplanetary space from a thickness of several tens of g/cm2. In the presented work, gamma quanta with energies of more than 511 keV are considered. This makes it possible to exclude from consideration the dependence of the probability of ortho- and parapositronium formation on the temperature and density of the solar matter. And also do not consider the probability of annihilation by two or 3 gamma quanta. Thus, the reactions of thermal neutrons remain dependent on the temperature. As the ambient temperature increases, the average number of elastic neutron scattering before capture increases. This leads to a more likely penetration of neutrons to a greater depth or their departure into the interplanetary space. The high temperature of the Sun below the photosphere may be one of the reasons for the absence of the 2.223 MeV line in solar flares with registered protons in the PAMELA and AMS2 experiments. Using the GEANT4 package, the spectra of gamma-quanta arising in nuclear interactions are calculated. The temperature-dependent features of the gamma-ray spectra are discussed.
The analysis of Titan’s physical surface using multifractal geometry methods
Authors: Morena Carlos De La , Nefedyev Y A , Andreev A O , Ahmedshina E N , Arkhipova A A , Kronrod E V , Demina N Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Titan makes up 95% of the mass of all 82 satellites of Saturn. Titan’s diameter is 5152 km, which means that it is larger than the Moon by 50%, and it is also significantly larger than Mercury. On the satellite, a subsurface ocean is possible, the theory of the presence of which has already been advanced earlier by some scientists. It is located under a layer of ice and consists of 10% ammonia, which is a natural antifreeze for it and does not allow the ocean to freeze. On the one hand, the ocean contains a huge amount of salt, which makes the likelihood of life in it hardly possible. But on the other hand, since chemical processes constantly occur on Titan, forming molecules of complex hydrocarbon substances, this can lead to the emergence of the simplest forms of life. There are limitations on the probabilistic and statistical approaches, since not every process and not every result (form and structure of the system) is probabilistic in nature. In contrast to this, fractal analysis allows one to study the structure of complex objects, taking into account their qualitative specifics, for example, the relationship between the structure and the processes of its formation. When constructing a harmonic model of Titan, the method of decomposition of topographic information into spherical functions was used. As a result, based on the harmonic analysis of the Cassini mission data, a topographic model of Titan was created. In the final form, the model describing Titan’s surface includes the expansion of the height parameter depending on the spherical coordinates into a slowly converging regression series of spherical harmonics. For modeling surface details of the surface on a scale of 1 degree requires analysis of the (180 + 1)2 harmonic expansion coefficients. An over determined topographic information system was solved to meet the regression modelling conditions. In this case, a number of qualitative stochastic data, such as external measures, were used together with the standard postulation of the harmonic system of the Titan model. As a result of a sampling of self-similar regions (with close values of the self-similarity coefficients) on the surface of Titan, coinciding with the SRGB parameter (characterizes the color fractal dimension), the elements of the satellite’s surface were determined, which with a high degree of probability were evolutionarily formed under the action of the same selenochemical processes.
Slow motion pulsar wind nebulae
Authors: Levenfish K P , Ponomaryov G A , Petrov A E , Bykov A M , Krassilchtchikov A M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that even the slow (subsonic) motion of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) relative to an ambient matter has a significant impact on their observables. The motion changes the appearance of nebulae on X-ray images, comparing to what would be observed for a nebula at rest. Accounting for the relative motion is necessary to avoid misinterpretation of the structure of the nebulae when analyzing their X-ray morphology. The motion also introduces some extra time scales in variability of non-thermal high-energy emission of PWNe and allows to reproduce a number of their structures that are not explained by stationary nebula models.