bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the performance of non-hydrostatic RegCM4 (RegCM4-NH) over China
Authors: Nguyen-Xuan Thanh , Lam Sze Lok , Giorgi Filippo , Coppola Erika , Giuliani Graziano , Gao Xuejie , Im Eun-Soon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of the latest version of non-hydrostatic RegCM4 (RegCM4-NH) customized over two vast urban agglomerations in China (i.e., the Pearl River Delta, PRD, and the Yangtze River Delta, YRD). The analysis focuses on how the dynamical core (hydrostatic versus non-hydrostatic) employed in the driving mother domain simulation can affect the regional characteristics of temperature and precipitation patterns in the PRD and YRD regions simulated by a 4 km resolution nested RegCM4-NH. In addition, we assess the sensitivity of the 4 km model results to the use of a convective parameterization scheme (CPS), since the 4 km grid size can be considered as a gray-zone resolution at which deep convection is partially resolved and may still need to be parameterized. For mean temperature, a reasonable performance is shown by all simulations, with the summer season mean bias mostly less than ±1°C when averaged over the PRD and YRD. However, the simulated daily temperature distribution is excessively peaked around the median value, indicating a large probability concentrated on a small temperature range. Although the higher resolution slightly ameliorates this deficiency, the effect of the dynamical core and CPS tends to be marginal. Conversely, precipitation behaves quite differently across simulations. The driving forcing from the non-hydrostatic mother domain simulation helps to reduce a severe dry bias seen over the PRD due to a reduction in convection inhibition. Use of the Emanuel CPS also tends to intensify localized precipitation events over mountainous regions in connection with stronger ascending motions over topographical features. The higher resolution also improves the phase of the diurnal cycle of precipitation, both with and without the use of the CPS. In general, the performance of RegCM4-NH over the PRD and YRD is found to be best when driven by a non-hydrostatic mother domain simulation and when turning on the Emanuel CPS.
Efficacy of Hemoperfusion in Severe and Critical Cases of COVID-19
Authors: Darazam Ilad Alavi , Kazempour Muhanna , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Hatami Firouze , Rabiei Mohammad Mahdi , Gharehbagh Farid Javandoust , Amirdosara Mahdi , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Shabani Minoosh , Shokouhi Shervin , Lotfollahi Legha , Mardani Masoud , Haghighi-Morad Maryam , Rangraz Davoud , Falahaty Hassan , Syami Hosein , Irannejad Yaghoob , fallah Maryam , Zangi Masoud , Shafigh Navid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIn critically ill COVID-19 patients, uncontrolled over-production of inflammatory mediators is observed, dominantly. The excessive immune response give rise to multiple organ dysfunction. Implementing extracorporeal therapies may be useful in omitting inflammatory mediators and supporting different organ systems. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hemoperfusion in combination with standard therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients.MethodWe conducted a single-center, matched control retrospective study on patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients were treated with hemoperfusion in combination with standard therapy (hemoperfusion group) or standard treatment (matched group). Hemoperfusion or hemoperfusion and CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy) therapies were initiated in hemoperfusion group. The patients in the matched group were matched one by one with the hemoperfusion group for age, sex, the oxygen saturation (SPO2) at the admission and the frequency of using invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization. Two types of hemoperfusion cartridges used in this study were Jafron© (HA330) or cytosorb® 300. ResultA total number of 128 COVID- 19 confirmed patients were enrolled in this study; 73 patients were allotted to the matched group and 55 patients received hemoperfusion. The median SPO2 at the admission in control and hemoperfusion groups was 80% and 75%, respectively (P-value=0.113). The mortality rate was significantly lower in hemoperfusion group compared to the matched group (67.3% vs. 89%; P.value=0.002). The median length of ICU stay was statistically different in studied groups (median, 12 days for hemoperfusion group vs. 8 days for the matched group; P<0.001). The median of final oxygen saturation was statistically higher and median of PaCO2 was lower in hemoperfusion group compared to the matched group.ConclusionAmong critically ill COVID-19 patients, the use of hemoperfusion reduces the mortality rate and improves oxygen saturation and PaCO2.
Identification of a lncRNA-mRNA Regulatory Module for Prognosis, Classification and Potential Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Qin-Yu , Liu Le-Ping , Lu Lu , Gui Rong , Luo Yan-Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) being the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify a lncRNA-mRNA regulatory module related to the prognosis, classification, and potential treatment of LUAD.Methods: Publicly available gene expression data of three cohorts were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differential expression analysis between LUAD and normal samples, as well as the survival analysis, was performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and co-expression analyses were conducted to further identify key genes. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was developed to predict overall survival. Five machine learning models, including logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and extremely gradient boosting (XGBOOST), were trained to distinguish early-stage or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutation LUAD from others. Furthermore, connectivity map (CMap) and molecular docking analyses were performed to identify compounds with the ability to reverse the expression profiles of the key genes.Results: A cohort comprised of 535 LUAD and 59 normal samples in TCGA was used as the training set, while the GSE31210 and GSE30219 datasets were used as validation sets. 189 mRNAs and 11 lncRNAs were differentially expressed and associated with the overall survival. 43 hub mRNAs were further identified from the PPI network, and 3 lncRNAs were significantly correlated to the expression of hub mRNAs. Six genes with nonzero coefficients were selected by using the LASSO COX regression analysis, and the corresponding risk score was derived. The time-dependent ROC and Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated that the risk score accurately discriminates the patients with a high or low risk. KNN and XGBOOST were the best models to recognize early-stage and EGFR-mutation LUAD, respectively. Purvalanol-a and Etoposide obtained a score of -99.98 in CMap and were successfully docked with three key genes.Conclusions: A lncRNA-mRNA regulatory module, including 4 mRNAs and 2 lncRNAs, was identified, and this module can facilitate the exploration of pathogenesis of LUAD and speed up the development of new treatments for LUAD patients.
Efficient and Environmental-Friendly Dehydration of Fructose to 5-HMF in Ultrasound Assisted Ionic Liquids / Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Ji Qinghua , Yu Xiaojie , Yagoub Abu El-Gasim A. , Chen Li , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most significant intermediate platforms for the production of both chemicals and liquid fuel derived from biomass. This study aimed to the assess the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted ionic liquids (ILs)/deep eutectic solvents (DES) in converting fructose to 5-HMF under milder conditions (≤ 100°C). The reaction conditions for the two-step transformation of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) with metal chloride as a catalyst and ultrasonic-assisted DES were optimized. The results showed that under the best conditions for ultrasound-assisted ILs to convert fructose (ultrasonic frequency: 40 kHz, 80°C, 1 h, [Bmim]Cl, D001-cc: 100 mg, fructose addition: 100 mg), the yield of 5-HMF reached 65.29 mol%. In addition, the D001-cc catalyst maintained high catalytic activity after being reused 6 times, and the activated D001-cc basically achieved the initial fructose conversion effect. Under the optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted DES fructose conversion (ultrasonic frequency: 40 kHz, 100°C, 30 min, ChCl-OA (molar ratio: 1:2), water addition: 0.46 mL, DES addition: 1 g), the yield of 5-HMF reached 51.87 mol%. Under the best conditions of ultrasonic-assisted DES SCB conversion (ultrasonic frequency: 40 kHz, ultrasonic time: 1 h, DES: ChCl: OA, catalyst: SnCl4·5H2O, water addition: 0.46 mL, 130°C/4 h (150°C/0.5 h)), the yield of 5-HMF reached 47.43 mol%. The study initially showed that ultrasonic-assisted ILs/DES effectively converted fructose in one step. In addition, the synergy of DES and metal chloride can better convert lignocellulosic biomass. Simply stated, the ultrasound-assisted ILs/DES conversion of biomass has realized “physical driving chemistry”. Thus, paving the way of high-value utilization of lignocellulose to become greener and economical.
Distribution Of Micro (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) and Risk (Al, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) Elements in the Organs of R. Alpinus L.
Authors: Jungová Michaela , Asare Michael O. , Jurasová Vladimíra , Hejcman Michal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsRumex alpinus is a native plant in the mountains of Europe, whose distribution is affected by its utilization as a vegetable and medicinal herb. The distribution of micro and risk elements in its organs and the possibility for phytoremediation are not well-known. We aimed to examine the safety of consuming R. alpinus from the Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic, and Alps (Austria and Italy).MethodsWe determined the total and plant-available concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Al, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd in the soil and total concentration in the organs of R. alpinus using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.ResultsThe uptake and distribution of elements by plants were characterized by bioaccumulation and translocation (TF) factors. The intensity of elements accumulation by R. alpinus is considerably different, depending on locality. R. alpinus has considerable tolerance to Zn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, with easy accumulation strategy. High Al and Cd concentration in belowground biomass (rhizome) indicates a defensive mechanism for them. Although the aboveground biomass (emerging, senescent, mature leaves, petiole) has some degree of accumulation of risk elements, R. alpinus is potentially suitable for phytoremediation of moderately contaminated soils. The results revealed that R. alpinus excludes Al, with high TF for Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Ni, and Pb. Given the accumulation of As and Cr, we recommend caution in its usage.ConclusionDetailed elemental analysis of R. alpinus organs is recommended before its application as medicinal herb or food, especially in contaminated soils.
Biomarker Responses in Earthworms Lumbricus Terrestris L. (Annelida: Lumbricidae) to Artificial Soils Contaminated with Dimethyl Phthalate
Authors: Farsani Arezoo , Arabi Mehran , Shadkhast Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In ecotoxicological studies, oxidative damages and antioxidant defense responses in earthworms have been used as hallmarks for assessing the environmental pollution. Phthalates, which are esters of phthalic acid (PAEs) are primarily used to enhance plasticity of industrial polymers, and are an unavoidable part of modern life. In the present study, ecotoxicological effects of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were investigated in the earthworms Lumbricus terrestris L., at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mg kg-1) on the 7th and 14th days of exposure in artificial soils. We evaluated the effects of DMP on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA/LPO) level and the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carbonylated proteins (CP) content in earthworm’s whole body extract. The neutral red retention (NRR)-time of coelomocytes and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also measured in the earthworm’s coelomic fluid (ECF). Upon exposure to DMP, OS status was induced in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The MDA level, CAT and GST activities, and CP content were found to be increased, but the TAC value and NRR-times were decreased in all DMP-treated groups on 7th and 14th days of exposure. The toxicity of DMP was generally greater in the groups with 14 day toxicant exposure. Briefly, our resultes defined that DMP is a source of oxidative damages in the earthworms. However, for detailed elucidation of the mechanisms associated with DMP ecotoxicity and its adverse impacts in the soli organisms, further unraveling is needed.
Analyze the Impact of Healthy Behavior on Weight Change with a Mathematical Model using the Harris-Benedict Equations
Authors: CHATTERJEE AYAN , Bajpai Ram , Gerdes Martin W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Lifestyle diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The gradual increase of negative behavior in humans because of physical inactivity, unhealthy habit, and improper nutrition expedites the growth of lifestyle diseases. Proper lifestyle management in the obesity context may help to reach personal weight goal or maintain a normal weight range with optimization of health behaviors (physical activity, diet, and habits).
Objective: In this study, we develop a mathematical model to analyze the impact of regular physical activity, a proper diet, and healthy habits on weight change, targeting obesity as a study case. Followed by, we design an algorithm to verify our proposed model with simulated data and compare it with related proven models based on the defined constrains.
Methods: We proposed a weight-change mathematical model as a function of activity, habit, and nutrition with the first law of thermodynamics, basal metabolic rate ( BMR ), total daily energy expenditure ( TDEE ), and body-mass-index ( BMI ) to establish a relationship between health behavior and weight change. Followed by, we verify the model with simulated data and compared it with related established models. In this study, we have used revised Harris-Benedict equations (HB) for BMR and TDEE calculation.
Results: The proposed mathematical model showed a strong relationship between health behavior and weight change. We verified the mathematical model with a proposed algorithm using simulated data with defined constraints. The adoption of BMR and TDEE calculation following revised Harris-Benedict equations has beaten the classical Wishnofsky’s rule (3500 cal. ≈ 1 lb.) , and the models proposed by Toumasis et al., Azzeh et. Al., and Mickens et. al. with a standard deviation of ±1.829, ±2.006, ±1.85, and ±1.80, respectively.
Conclusions: This study helped us to understand the impact of healthy behavior on weight change with mathematical implications and the importance of a healthy lifestyle. As a future research scope, we wish to use this model in a health eCoach system to generate personalized lifestyle recommendations to optimize health behaviors to accomplish personal weight goals.
Epidemiology and outcome of COVID-19 among 260 confirmed cases admitted at Guder Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2020: a descriptive study of the first ten months
Authors: Solomon Tesfaye , Kolola Tufa , Tsegaye Mekdes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection that emerged in Wuhan, China, and spread around the world. No evidence is available about the epidemiological, clinical features, and outcomes of admitted patients in the study area. This study aimed to provide insight into the epidemiological characteristics and outcome of confirmed COVID-19 infection among admitted cases at Guder Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: In this descriptive study, all confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted to Guder Hospital from May 16 to December 31, 2020, were included. Cases were confirmed by real-time PCR and analyzed using SPSS version 22. The data were collected from January 15-20, 2021. Results: A total of 260 confirmed patients were admitted, including 180 men and 80 women. Of these cases, 184 (70.8%) were asymptomatic at admission. The mean age of the patients was 35.5 [SD 15] years. Adults aged 15 and above years accounted for 254 (97.7%). Meantime in the hospital was 14.3 [SD 3] days. On admission, the frequent symptom was cough (43[16.5%]). The case fatality rate among the admitted cases was 12 (4.6%). Of these deaths, seven (58.3%) were females aged 45-59 years, and eight had known comorbidity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 infection is more likely to affect adult males and death is common in females with comorbidities. The disease remains largely asymptomatic among the admitted cases. A further analytical investigation is needed to explore the risk of mortality and its determinants among admitted cases with COVID-19 infection.
Refined estimation of Li in mica by a machine learning method
Authors: Wang Lu , Su Cheng , Wang Luo-Qi , ZhangZhou J , Xia Qun-Ke , Wang Qin-Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Li-rich micas are crucial in the exploration for and exploitation of Li resources. The determination of Li in mica using classical bulk chemical methods or in situ microanalytical techniques is expensive and time-consuming and has stringent requirements for the quality of micas and reference materials. Although simple linear and nonlinear empirical equations have been proposed, they are inconsistent with the complex physicochemical mechanisms of Li incorporation and commonly lead to large errors. In this study, we introduce a refined method of multivariate polynomial regression using a machine learning algorithm to estimate Li from multiple major oxide abundances. The performance of our regression model is evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the independent test sets. The best-performed models show R2 of 0.95 and a RMSE of 0.35 wt% for the test set of data set 1 (all compiled data, n = 2124) and R2 of 0.96 and a RMSE of 0.22 wt% for the test set of data set 2 (only data obtained using in situ techniques, n = 1386). Our results indicate that integration of electron probe microanalysis and multivariate polynomial regression (based on data set 1) presents a robust and convenient approach to quantify Li contents in micas. The application of the proposed approach to micas from central Inner Mongolia, NE China, suggests that in addition to the Weilasituo ore bodies, the Jiabusi granite and greisen and the Shihuiyao metamorphic sediment formation have good potential for Li exploration. Our study also provides preliminary constraints on the genesis of Li deposits.
AKUNTABILITAS PARTAI POLITIK DAN ELEKTABILITAS PARTAI POLITIK: STUDI KASUS PADA PARTAI POLITIK PESERTA PEMILU DI PROPINSI DIY TAHUN 2014
Authors: Wibowo Eka Adhi 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between the accountability of political parties and the electability of political parties. Political parties are public institutions that should accountable for public funds they use in order to be a means of aspiration for society in politics and government. The accountability variables used in this study are political party compliance with regulation of election campaign fund reporting and the amount of campaign fund, while electability is measured by vote acquisition during the election. The exploration of the relationship will provide an overview of party accountability and public understanding of accountability that is a requirement for the realization of good governance.Keywords: accountability, electability, political parties, compliance audits, campaign funds ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi mengenai hubungan antara akuntabilitas partai politik dengan elektabilitas partai politik. Partai politik adalah lembaga publik yang seharusnya memberikan pertanggungjawaban atas dana publik yang mereka gunakan dalam rangka menjadi sarana aspirasi bagi masyarakat dalam hal politik dan pemerintahan. Variabel akuntabilitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepatuhan partai politik atas regulasi pelaporan dana kampanye pemilu dan besaran dana kampanye, sedangkan elektabilitas diukur dengan perolehan suara selama pemilu. Eksplorasi hubungan tersebut akan memberikan gambaran mengenai akuntabilitas partai dan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai akuntabilitas yang merupakan syarat perwujudan good governance.Kata kunci: akuntabilitas, elektabilitas, partai politik, audit kepatuhan, dana kampanye
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK PRIBADI
Authors: Harahap Edwar Eka , Kristanti Putriana 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to prove empirically that religiosity affects the compliance of personal taxpayers, that is compliance with tax laws. Tax compliance has long been a problem for the government. Both the Old Testament Bible and the New Testament Bible state that taxes are the obligation of the population to their country. Fulfillment of obligations is a manifestation of obedience. Religiosity is one of the determinants of compliance with statutory regulations, including tax laws. This study divides religiosity into two, namely intrapersonal religiosity and interpersonal religiosity. Researchers used congregational respondents from churches in Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, Bantul Regency, and Duta Wacana Christian University employees. Distribution of questionnaires was conducted in April 2018. This study used a regression analysis method to examine the influence of independent variables (taxpayer compliance) on the dependent variable (religiosity). The test results show that there is a significant effect. The conclusion of this study is that religiosity has a positive influence on personal taxpayer compliance with tax laws. Keywords: interpersonal religiosity, intrapersonal religiosity, religiosity, taxpayer compliance ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris bahwa religiusitas berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak pribadi, yaitu kepatuhan terhadap peraturan undang-undang perpajakan. Kepatuhan perpajakan telah lama menjadi permasalahan bagi pemerintah. Alkitab perjanjian lama maupun perjanjian baru menyebutkan bahwa pajak adalah kewajiban penduduk terhadap negara. Pemenuhan terhadap kewajiban merupakan wujud dari kepatuhan. Religiusitas merupakan salah satu faktor penentu kepatuhan terhadap peraturan undang-undang, termasuk undang-undang perpajakan. Penelitian ini membagi religiusitas menjadi dua yaitu religiusitas intrapersonal dan religiusitas interpersonal. Peneliti menggunakan responden jemaat dari gereja-gereja yang berada di Kota Yogyakarta, Kabupaten Sleman, Kabupaten Bantul, dan karyawan Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana. Penyebaran kuesionair dilakukan pada bulan April 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi untuk menguji adanya pengaruh variabel independen (kepatuhan wajib pajak) terhadap variabel dependen (religiusitas). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah religiusitas mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak pribadi pada peraturan undang-undang perpajakan. Kata kunci: kepatuhan wajib pajak, religiusitas, religiusitas interpersonal, religiusitas intrapersonal