bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Traceable, Sequential Multistage‐Targeting Nanoparticles Combining Chemo/Chemodynamic Therapy for Enhancing Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Chenyu , Yao Weihe , Zhou Hengjun , Yu Simiao , Chen Hailiang , Qiao Weihong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, it is challenging to eliminate tumors. Generally, CDT needs to combine with extra therapeutic modes for enhancing antitumor efficacy. Here, novel nanoparticles (BDTLAG NPs) are constructed via self‐assembly of cancer cell targeting prodrug (Bio‐PEG2K‐S‐S‐CPT), organic CDT agents (TPP‐PEG2K‐LND, TPP‐PEG2K‐TOS), pH‐responsive prodrug (PEG2K‐NH‐N‐DOX), T1‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (Gd‐DTPA‐N16‐16), and anti‐angiogenic drug combrestatinA4 (CA4), realizing chemo(CT)‐chemodynamic combination therapy. The mechanism of BDTLAG NPs for enhancing antitumor efficacy involves: (i) BDTLAG NPs is accumulated in the tumor tissue by passive targeting; (ii) CA4 is released and specifically destroys angiogenesis, and the remaining BDTLG NPs enter the tumor cell via active targeting; (iii) the acid/glutathione (GSH)‐responsive prodrug release and GSH depletion; (iv) TPP‐PEG2K‐LND and TPP‐PEG2K‐TOS are accumulated in the tumor cell mitochondria due to mitochondria‐targeting, and is accompanied by endogenous reactive oxygen species bursts. This current strategy of single NPs that integrates spatiotemporally CT, CDT, GSH depletion, and MR imaging functions reflects the “all in one” concept, which provides a new opportunity for enhancing antitumor efficacy.
Advances in Multiplexed Paper‐Based Analytical Devices for Cancer Diagnosis: A Review of Technological Developments
Authors: Yonet‐Tanyeri Nihan , Ahlmark Benjamin Z. , Little Steven R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide producing an estimated cost of $161.2 billion in the US in 2017 only. Early detection of cancer can not only reduce cancer mortality rates but also dramatically reduce healthcare costs given that the 17 million new cancer cases in 2018 are estimated to grow 27.5 million new cases by 2040. Analytical devices based upon paper substrates can provide effective, rapid, and extremely low‐cost alternatives for early cancer detection compared to existing testing methods. However, low concentrations of biomarkers in body fluids as well as the possible association of any given biomarker with multiple diseases remains one of the greatest challenges to widespread adoption of these paper‐based devices. Fortunately, recent advances have opened the possibility of detecting multiple biomarkers within the same device, which can be predictive of a patient's condition with unprecedented cost‐effectiveness. Accordingly, this review highlights the recent advancements in paper‐based analytical devices with a multiplexing focus. The primary areas of interest include lateral flow assay and microfluidic paper‐based assay formats, signal amplification approaches to enhance the sensitivity for a specific cancer type, along with current challenges and future outlook for the detection of multiple cancer biomarkers.
3D Crinkled Alk‐Ti3C2 MXene Based Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors with Ultra‐High Sensitivity and Ultra‐Wide Pressure Range
Authors: Xiang Yucui , Fang Liang , Wu Fang , Zhang Shufang , Ruan Haibo , Luo Haijun , Zhang Hong , Li Wanjun , Long Xingming , Hu Baoshan , Zhou Miao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe conflict between high sensitivity and wide sensing range greatly limits the extensive application of flexible pressure sensors. To produce a sensor with both high sensitivity and wide range is still a challenging work. Herein, flexible and highly sensitive piezoresistive sensors with wide sensing range are developed by combining the alkali‐treated 3D crinkled MXene with microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Sensors with different‐roughness PDMS films as flexible substrate and the unprocessed MXene as the conductive material are prepared to clarify the geometric design for the ultra‐wide pressure range (0–800 kPa). Then, other sensors assembled by NaOH‐alkalized 3D crinkled MXenes and rough PDMS are fabricated to illustrate that the material optimization can further enhance the sensitivity (up to 1104.38 kPa−1). The sensor shows a low limit of detection (17 Pa), fast response time (100 ms), good cycle stability (3000 cycles, 300 kPa), and can detect over a wide pressure range from that of the tiny pills, pulse, heartbeat, throat vibration, and the change of water weight, exhibiting a broad prospect in health monitoring systems and human‐machine interaction.
The Mystery from Tetragonal NaVPO4F to Monoclinic NaVPO4F: Crystal Presentation, Phase Conversion, and Na‐Storage Kinetics
Authors: Ling Moxiang , Jiang Qike , Li Tianyu , Wang Canpei , Lv Zhiqiang , Zhang Huamin , Zheng Qiong , Li Xianfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNaVPO4F is regarded as one of the most competitive cathodes in high performance sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Two polymorphs with the tetragonal and monoclinic NaVPO4F have been reported, while the true presentation of the fluorophosphates is still poorly understood. Herein, fluorophosphates with a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1 for Na, V, P, F are fabricated at different temperatures. The presentation of tetragonal and monoclinic NaVPO4F is strikingly confirmed. For the first time, the accurate atomic arrangement in the crystal, and the irreversible phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic with temperature variation are unveiled by combining series of advanced in/ex situ characterizations. From both the thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, the sodium storage behavior and the electron/Na+ conduction, contributing to notably different electrochemical performance for the two fluorophosphates, are elaborately studied based on experimental and density functional theory calculations. The comprehensive expositions indicate that the tetragonal and monoclinic NaVPO4F have the potential to be employed as high‐energy‐density and high‐power‐density cathodes, respectively. This research answers the question of the true state of the fluorophosphates and reveals some of their previously unexplored mysteries, which provides an instructive selection principle for NaVPO4F compounds for serving in well‐defined application scenarios and is expected to become an accelerator for the next generation of high‐performance SIBs.
Dementia is an age‐independent risk factor for severity and death in COVID‐19 inpatients
Authors: Tahira Ana C. , Verjovski‐Almeida Sergio , Ferreira Sergio T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionDementia has been associated with COVID‐19 prevalence, but whether this reflects higher infection, older age of patients, or disease severity remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated a cohort of 12,863 UK Biobank community‐dwelling individuals > 65 years old (1814 individuals ≥ 80 years old) tested for COVID‐19. Individuals were stratified by age to account for age as a confounder. Risk factors were analyzed for COVID‐19–positive diagnosis, hospitalization, and death.ResultsAll‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) were associated with COVID‐19‐positive diagnosis, and all‐cause dementia and AD remained associated in individuals ≥ 80 years old. All‐cause dementia, AD, or PD were not risk factors for overall hospitalization, but increased the risk of hospitalization of COVID‐19 patients. All‐cause dementia and AD increased the risk of COVID‐19–related death, and all‐cause dementia was uniquely associated with increased death in ≥ 80‐year‐old patients.DiscussionAll‐cause dementia and AD are age‐independent risk factors for disease severity and death in COVID‐19.
Cancer‐Cell‐Activated in situ Synthesis of Mitochondria‐Targeting AIE Photosensitizer for Precise Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Xu Shidang , Shi Leilei , Teh Cathleen , Qi Guobin , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaximization of phototoxic damage on tumor with minimized side effect on normal tissue is essential for effective anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). This requires highly cancer‐cell‐specific or even cancer‐cell‐organelle‐specific synthesis or delivery of efficient photosensitizers (PSs) in vitro and in vivo, which is difficult to achieve. Herein, we report a strategy of cancer‐cell‐activated PS synthesis, by which an efficient mitochondria‐targeting photosensitizer with aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) feature can be selectively synthesized as an efficient image‐guided PDT agent inside cancer cells. MOF‐199, a CuII‐based metal‐organic framework, was selected as an inert carrier to load the PS precursors for efficient delivery and served as a CuI catalyst source for in situ click reaction to form PSs exclusively in cancer cells. The in situ synthesized PS showed mitochondria‐targeting capability, allowing potent cancer‐cell‐specific ablation under light irradiation. The high specificity of PSs produced in cancer cells also makes it safer post‐treatment.
Magneto‐Electric Directional Anisotropy in Polar Soft Ferromagnets of Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Taniguchi Kouji , Nishio Masaki , Abe Nobuyuki , Huang Po‐Jung , Kimura Shojiro , Arima Taka‐hisa , Miyasaka Hitoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D‐OIHPs) are attracting interest due to their structural tunability and rich functional characteristics, such as ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. Here, we report the chiral‐polar ferromagnetic 2D‐OIHP copper chlorides with discernable electric polarization in the inorganic layers. In these systems, the magneto‐electric (ME) correlation has been clearly observed by measuring a magneto‐electric directional anisotropy (MEA), in which an optical absorption coefficient changes with reversal of the light propagating direction. We have found that the MEA can be induced by a low magnetic field of about 50 mT, reflecting soft magnetic nature. The present results suggest a new paradigm for designing functional ME multiferroics, which effectively couples magnetic and electric properties.
The Cytochrome P450 Catalyzing C−S Bond Formation in S‐Heterocyclization of Chuangxinmycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Jiang Zhibo , Hu Xiaowen , Hu Xiaomin , Gu Renjie , Jiang Bingya , Zuo Lijie , Li Xingxing , Sun Hongmin , Zhang Cong , Wang Lifei , Wu Linzhuan , Hong Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobial sulfur‐containing secondary metabolites show various biological activities, but the C−S bond‐forming in their biosynthetic metabolism has not been thoroughly understood. Here, we present genetic, biochemical and structural characterization of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CxnD exhibiting C−S bond forming activity in S‐heterocyclization of chuangxinmycin biosynthesis. In vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrated that CxnD generated an indole‐fused dihydrothiopyran skeleton from a L‐Trp‐derived thiol intermediate. Furthermore, X‐ray crystal structure of CxnD in complex with a substrate analogue and structure‐based mutagenesis revealed intimate details of the substrate binding mode. A radical mechanism initiated by abstraction of the imino hydrogen atom or an electron from indole group of the substrate was proposed for CxnD, which provided valuable insights into the molecular basis for the intra‐molecular C(sp2)−H thiolation by the P450 in chuangxinmycin biosynthesis.
Pain management using a novel hybrid technique of perineural stimulation combined with regional anaesthesia through a stimulating perineural catheter for below knee amputation
Authors: Ip V. H. Y. , Sondekoppam R. V. , Tsui B. C. H. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPain after amputation can be difficult to manage due to its complex aetiology. A multimodal approach to analgesia, including regional anaesthetic techniques, is advised. However, optimal pain management cannot always be achieved, and high doses of opioid analgesics may contribute to adverse effects. We describe the management of an elderly patient with significant co‐morbidities undergoing below knee amputation. Pre‐operatively, a popliteal sciatic stimulating perineural catheter and a femoral non‐stimulating perineural catheter were placed. When pain control was suboptimal on the first postoperative day, a combination of local anaesthetic and a brief period of peripheral nerve stimulation through the sciatic stimulating perineural catheter was used to augment pain control, thereby avoiding additional opioid use. Although nerve stimulation utilising specialised equipment, such as percutaneous stimulator electrodes, has been previously described in acute pain medicine, we demonstrate the use of a novel hybrid technique which combines nerve stimulation through a perineural catheter and local anaesthetic. Further research is warranted to explore the utility of this neuromodulation technique in clinical practice.
Comparative Analysis of Essential Bioactive Components of Oils Originating from Three Chinese Loess Plateau Wild Crops
Authors: Yuan Wei Qiong , Hu Jian Zhong , Yin Li Qiang , Lv Zhao Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability of soil and water conservation crops to resist stress is closely related to their abundance of lipid‐soluble chemical components. This study systematically evaluated the composition and content of fatty acids, sterols, squalene, and tocopherol in oils extracted from three varieties of crops growing on the Chinese Loess Plateau with extreme environments. The dominant fatty acids in the wild seabuckthorn pulp oil were oleic acid (29.73%), palmitic acid (26.83%), and palmitoleic acid (25.71%), and those in wild seabuckthorn seed oil were linoleic acid (42.29%), α‐linolenic acid (20.65%), and oleic acid (18.94%). The most abundant fatty acids in wild elaeagnusmollis seed oil were oleic acid (43.29%), linoleic acid (35.93%), and α‐linolenic acid (7.00%). Wild yellowhorn seed oil was rich in linoleic acid (34.14%), oleic acid (25.99%), and erucic acid (8.76%). Seabuckthorn seed oil had the highest levels of total sterols (619.33 mg/100 g), followed by seabuckthorn pulp oil (606.10 mg/100 g), yellowhorn seed oil (249.46 mg/100 g), and elaeagnusmollis seed oil (224.01 mg/100 g). However, the squalene content was highest in elaeagnusmollis seed oil (68.06 mg/100 g) and similarly low in yellowhorn seed oil (9.81 mg/100 g), seabuckthorn pulp oil (4.62 mg/100 g) and seabuckthorn seed oil (4.71 mg/100 g). In addition, seabuckthorn pulp oil had the highest tocopherol content (179.92 mg/100 g), followed by seabuckthorn seed oil (130.57 mg/100 g), elaeagnusmollis seed oil (85.87 mg/100 g), and yellowhorn seed oil (45.44 mg/100 g). This study provides favorable data supporting biomass resource utilization and organic synthesis of bioactive raw chemical composition.
Ultrasound‐Enhanced Self‐Exciting Photodynamic Therapy Based on Hypocrellin B
Authors: Ding Ying , Liu Weimin , Wu Jiasheng , Zheng Xiuli , Ge Jiechao , Ren Haohui , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun‐Sing , Wang Pengfei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeroxalate CL as an energy source to excite photosensitizers has attracted tremendous attention in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, peroxyoxalate CPPO and hypocrellin B (HB)‐based nanoparticles (CBNPs) for ultrasound (US)‐enhanced self‐exciting PDT were designed and prepared. CBNPs showed an excellent therapeutic effect against cancer cells with the assistance of US. This US‐enhanced‐chemiluminescence system avoids the dependence on external light and provides an example for inspiring more effective and precise strategies for cancer treatment.
Piece‐wise ellipsoidal set‐based model predictive control of linear parameter varying systems with application to a tower crane
Authors: Ileš Šandor , Matuško Jadranko , Lazar Mircea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a model predictive control algorithm for polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) systems is proposed, which is based on an offline calculated sequence of robust one‐step controllable sets. At each sampling instant, a finite‐time optimal control problem is solved subject to a stabilizing constraint on the first state to ensure stability and recursive feasibility guarantees independent of the length of the prediction horizon and the cost function. An algorithm is proposed to compute a sequence of piece‐wise ellipsoidal one‐step controllable sets. The systematic application of the developed algorithm is possible via tensor product model transformation to a class of nonlinear systems. The size and shape of each set depend on the vertices of the polytopic LPV system and influences the control performance. By using the tensor product model transformation, different vertex representations can be obtained automatically. Furthermore, a trade‐off between model complexity and accuracy can be chosen, and the computational effort of the set calculation can be influenced. The developed method is applied to a tower crane system. The tower crane is modeled in a cascaded form with three separate subsystems. The couplings between the subsystems are treated as varying parameters. Each subsystem of the crane is transformed into a polytopic LPV system using the tensor product model transformation. By discarding the nonzero singular values, the complexity of the polytopic LPV model is reduced in terms of the number of vertices.
Passivity‐based control laws for an unmanned powered parachute aircraft
Authors: García‐Beltrán C.D. , Miranda‐Araujo E.M. , Guerrero‐Sanchez M.E. , Valencia‐Palomo G. , Hernández‐González O. , Gómez‐Peñate S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the development of passivity‐based control (PBC) algorithms to stabilize an unmanned powered parachute aerial vehicle is presented. The equations of motion of the system are presented in both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. The proposed controllers are based on the Hamiltonian function of the system and guarantee the parachute aircraft system stabilization. In the first control law a classic PBC strategy is proposed, and in the second, an interconnection and damping assignment‐passivity‐based control (IDA‐PBC) is chosen because of its inherent robustness against parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. The control objective is to reach a desired final position despite the initial launch conditions. Numerical simulations with variation in the parachute mass weight and in the presence of wind are carried out to validate our proposed schemes.
Smartphonebasierte Schwingungsmessung zur Beurteilung von Brückentragwerken
Authors: Garsch Maximilian , Benndorf Maik , Haenselmann Thomas , Gebbeken Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUm eine dauerhafte und genaue Überwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken zu gewährleisten, ist ein flächendeckendes Monitoring‐System wünschenswert. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird untersucht, ob die Sensoren von Smartphones und Tablets (SPT) ausreichend für eine Schwingungsmessung sind. Die Auswertung bez. Systemparametern wie Eigenfrequenzen und Dämpfungskoeffizienten wird ebenfalls betrachtet. Mithilfe von Versuchen unter Laborbedingungen an einem Einfeldträger und Versuchen im Feld an einer Testbrücke auf dem Gelände der Universität der Bundeswehr wird die Anwendungstauglichkeit von Smartphones und Tablets betrachtet. Dabei wurden neben den Messungen mit SPT Referenzmessungen mit einem klassischen Schwingungsmesssystem durchgeführt. Die Signale und deren Auswertung werden untereinander verglichen und im Fall des Laborversuchs am Einfeldträger mit Modellwerten eines SDOF‐Einmasseschwingers verglichen. Damit werden die prinzipielle Anwendungsmöglichkeit der SPT wie auch die Tauglichkeit der aufgezeichneten Signale zur Weiterverarbeitung zur Systemidentifikation dargestellt.
A semiparametric method for evaluating causal effects in the presence of error‐prone covariates
Authors: Liu Jianxuan , Li Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe goal of most empirical studies in social sciences and medical research is to determine whether an alteration in an intervention or a treatment will cause a change in the desired outcome response. Unlike randomized designs, establishing the causal relationship based on observational studies is a challenging problem because the ceteris paribus condition is violated. When the covariates of interest are measured with errors, evaluating the causal effects becomes a thorny issue. We propose a semiparametric method to establish the causal relationship, which yields a consistent estimator of the average causal effect. The method we proposed results in locally efficient estimators of the covariate effects. We study their theoretical properties and demonstrate their finite sample performance on simulated data. We further apply the proposed method to the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Populations (SRUP) study by the National Institute on Aging.
Modeling of Two‐Step Supercritical CO2 Foaming to Fabricate Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Scaffolds
Authors: Hatami Tahmasb , Mei Lucia Helena Innocentini , Shabanian Seyed Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA mathematical model was developed based on the Amon and Denson model for supercritical foaming (SCF) with a two‐step depressurization rate. The model was provided according to the law of conservation of momentum, the law of conservation of mass, and a reformulation of the shell size for the second step of depressurization in comparison with the shell size for the first step of depressurization. The model was validated using the experimental data of SCF from polycaprolactone plus CO2 at 300 bar, 50 °C, a solubilization time of 2 h, a first depressurization rate of 28.6 bar min−1, and a second depressurization rate of 200 bar min−1. The comparison showed a significant improvement of the model accuracy for predicting the average pore radius of the scaffold compared to the original Amon and Denson model.
Stabilisation of [WVF4]+ by N‐ and P‐Donor Ligands: Second‐Order Jahn‐Teller Effects in Octacoordinate d1 Complexes
Authors: Turnbull Douglas , Wetmore Stacey D. , Gerken Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first isolated examples of cationic fluoridotungsten(V) complexes are reported as octacoordinate [WF4(L)4]+ (L=C5H5N, P(CH3)3). The [WF4(NC5H5)4]+ cation is synthesised as its [O3SCF3]− salt upon reaction of WF5(NC5H5)2 with [(CH3)3Si(NC5H5)][O3SCF3] in excess C5H5N, whereas [WF4{P(CH3)3}4]+ is accessed directly from WF6 upon reaction with (CH3)3SiO3SCF3 and excess P(CH3)3. These salts were characterised by X‐ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy in the solid state. New geometry indices for octacoordinate complexes (τ8 and τ8′) are introduced, allowing for the facile differentiation of trigonal‐dodecahedral (TD) and square‐antiprismatic (SA) geometries. This has disambiguated the SA geometries of [WF4(L)4]+ and the geometries of a series of previously reported d0 and d1 MA4B4 complexes. Computational (DFT−B3LYP) studies of [WF4(PH3)4]2+/+ and related model systems demonstrate the occurrence of a second‐order Jahn‐Teller (SOJT) distortion from TD in d0 complexes to SA in d1 complexes, with the degree of SOJT stabilisation being most significant in 5d complexes containing fluorido ligands and monodentate neutral donors.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Putative Biosynthetic Intermediate Ambruticin J
Authors: Trentadue Kathryn , Chang Chia‐Fu , Nalin Ansel , Taylor Richard E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe family of anti‐fungal natural products known as the ambruticins are structurally distinguished by a pair of pyran rings adorning a divinylcyclopropane core. Previous characterization of their biosynthesis, including the expression of a genetically modified producing organism, revealed that the polyketide synthase pathway proceeds via a diol intermediate, known as ambruticin J. Herein, we report the first enantioselective total synthesis of the putative PKS product, ambruticin J, according to a triply convergent synthetic route featuring a Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling and a Julia‐Kocienski olefination for fragment assembly. This synthesis takes advantage of synthetic methodology previously developed by our laboratory for the stereoselective generation of the trisubstituted cyclopropyl linchpin.