bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to the Theory of Thin, Slightly Cambered Profiles
Authors: Weinig F. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
If real and imaginary parts of a function of a complex variable are interpreted as velocity potential and stream function, then real and imaginary parts of the kth derivatives are the (k–1) st derivatives of the velocity components in the direction of the real and negative imaginary axis. For slightly cambered profiles that deviate little from the real axis and have the shape of a polynomial of nth order, the imaginary part of the nth derivative of the complex potential is constant in first-order approximation. It is easy to establish such functions of the complex variable in the case of single as well as cascade profiles. Integration then yields the intended results. While there is no continuing need for such a method for single profiles, it is needed for cascades of profiles.
Effect of Adverse Pressure Gradients on Turbulent Boundary Layers in Axisymmetric Conduits
Authors: Robertson J. M. , Holl J. W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of the three-dimensional boundary layer in a diffuser with several discharge arrangements has been studied for air flow, in continuation of the work of Uram (1). The flow conditions in a diffuser when followed by a straight pipe, an additional length of the diffuser, or a jet, are compared. Extension of the method of analysis developed by Ross for two-dimensional layers is presented. In some cases the use of three-dimensionally defined parameters leads to different results. Ross’s (2) unique outer-flow parameter is found to be no longer satisfactory. Other outer parameters are presented as possible substitutes.
A Statistical Appraisal of the Prot Method for Determination of Fatigue Endurance Limit
Authors: Hijab W. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A statistical analysis of the precision of the estimate of endurance limit as determined by the Prot method is carried out. This analysis shows that the Prot method cannot achieve a great saving in the number of specimens required, for its statistical efficiency is found to be even less than that of its other two competitors, the probit and staircase methods. This fact, coupled with serious objections to its assumptions, renders its usefulness highly questionable. A secondary result of the analysis is that the optimum efficiency of the Prot method is achieved when only two rates of increase of stress, as widely separated as possible, are used. A derivation of a general formula, of which the Prot method is a particular case and which makes explicit all assumptions necessary for the valid derivation of the Prot method, is also given.
Forced Vibration of Systems With Nonlinear, Nonsymmetrical Characteristics
Authors: Mahalingam S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A one-term approximate solution is given for the amplitudes of steady forced vibration of a single-degree-of-freedom system with a nonlinear (nonsymmetrical) spring characteristic. The method is similar to that of Martienssen (1), but the construction uses a modified curve (or “frequency function”) in place of the actual spring characteristic, the curve being so chosen that it gives the correct frequency for free vibrations. The method is extended to deal with a nonlinear vibration absorber fitted to a linear system.
Displacements in a Wide Curved Bar Subjected to Pure Elastic-Plastic Bending
Authors: Shaffer Bernard W. , House Raymond N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Equations have been obtained for the displacements and strains within a wide curved bar made of a perfectly plastic, incompressible material subjected to a pure bending moment which is sufficiently large to cause elastic-plastic stresses. It is found that whenever the applied load is within 95 per cent of the fully plastic bending moment, displacements and strains in the elastic-plastic problem are of the order of magnitude of the corresponding elastic case. It is also found that when the bending moment reaches approximately 65 per cent of the fully plastic bending moment, the change in material thickness reaches a maximum. It decreases to zero when the bar becomes completely plastic.
The Creep of Thick Tubes Under Internal Pressure
Authors: Weir C. D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using the usually accepted assumption that the strain rate of a material undergoing creep is given by the product of the stress deviator and a function of the shear-strain energy, and assuming constant density, equations are derived for the creep stresses in a thick-walled tube under internal pressure for a generalized form of the shear strain-energy function. It is shown that these reduce to previously published equations on the substitution of a power law stress-strain rate equation. The nonisothermal case is considered also and creep-stress equations are obtained in a similarly generalized form.
Symmetrical Buckling of a Series of Uniformly Loaded Parallel Struts Supported by Spot Connections to a Long Thin Plate
Authors: Cutcliffe J. L. , Heaps H. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The deflection in buckling of a long panel consisting of parallel stiffeners across a rectangular plate is found when equal buckling loads are applied to the ends of each stiffener. The critical load for buckling is found as a function of the elastic properties of the plate and the stiffeners for various spacings of stiffeners, and the number of spot connections to the plate.
Effect of Elastic Racks on Vibration Mounting of Equipment
Authors: Di Taranto R. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The over-all fundamental natural frequency of a uniform beam supported at each end by equal springs is determined in terms of the first-mode bending natural frequency of the beam and the natural frequency of the lumped mass beam on the two springs. This is qualitatively applied to the case of electronic equipment on elastic racks supported on vibration mounts.
Knee Extensor Mechanism Strength and Its Relationship to Patellofemoral Kinematics in Individuals With Arthrofibrosis Within 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wang Shao-bai , Fan Shuai , Ye Jiling , Cai Bin 
Published: June 2021

Context: Performance in strength and assessment of patellar tracking is important for patients with arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Objective: The study was to examine the difference of patellofemoral kinematics between the affected and the contralateral limb and to evaluate the relationship between knee extensor strength and patellofemoral kinematics in patients with arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction. Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); level of evidence, 3. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: A prospective cohort of 20 patients with arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction was recruited. Interventions: A total of 20 patients who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the double-bundle ACL with a hamstring tendon autograft received standardized patellofemoral kinematics testing and knee extensor strength testing within 6 months after primary ACL reconstruction. Computed tomography and dual fluoroscopic imaging were used to evaluate in vivo patellofemoral kinematics of affected and contralateral knees during a lunge task. Knee extensor mechanism strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Main Outcome Measures: A limb symmetry index of knee strength and patellar mobility was calculated and satisfactory performance defined as ≥90%. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the range of patellar inferior shift (P = .020; d = 0.81), flexion (P = .026; d = 0.95), lateral tilt (P = .001; d = 1.04), and lateral rotation (P < .001; d = 0.89) in the affected knee compared with the contralateral knee from 15° to 75° of knee flexion. There was a strong positive linear correlation between knee extensor strength and patellar inferior shift (r = .747; P = .008). A knee extensor strength limb symmetry index <90% was 89% sensitive and 9% specific for limited patellar inferior shift. Conclusions: Patients with arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction presented decreased patellar mobility in the arthrofibrotic knee compared with the contralateral knee. The strong correlation between knee extensor strength and patellar inferior shift of the arthrofibrotic knee demonstrates the importance of knee extensor strength in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with knee arthrofibrosis. The knee extensor mechanism strength has high sensitivity but low specificity in identifying a decrease in patellar inferior shift in patients with arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction.
Prediction of outcome from MRI and general movements assessment after hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: data from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aker Karoline , Thomas Niranjan , Adde Lars , Koshy Beena , Martinez-Biarge Miriam , Nakken Ingeborg , Padankatti Caroline S , Støen Ragnhild 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of neonatal MRI and general movements assessment (GMA) in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).DesignSecondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingTertiary neonatal intensive care unit in India.MethodsFifty infants with HIE were included in an RCT of therapeutic hypothermia (25 cooled and 25 non-cooled). All infants underwent brain MRI at day 5, GMA at 10–15 weeks and outcome assessments including Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition, at 18 months. Associations between patterns of brain injury, presence/absence of fidgety movements (FMs) and outcomes were assessed.ResultsSeventeen of 47 (36%) had adverse outcome (5 (21%) cooled vs 12 (52%) non-cooled, p=0.025). Eight infants died (four before an MRI, another three before GMA). Two developed severe cerebral palsy and seven had Bayley-III motor/cognitive composite score <85. Twelve (26%) had moderately/severely abnormal MRI and nine (23%) had absent FMs. The positive predictive value (95% CI) of an adverse outcome was 89% (53% to 98%) for moderate/severe basal ganglia and thalami (BGT) injury, 83% (56% to 95%) for absent/equivocal signal in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and 67% (38% to 87%) for absent FMs. Negative predictive values (95% CI) were 85% (74% to 92%) for normal/mild BGT injury, 90% (78% to 96%) for normal PLIC and 86% (74% to 93%) for present FMs.Conclusion(s)Neonatal MRI and GMA predicted outcomes with high accuracy in infants with HIE. The GMA is a feasible low-cost method which can be used alone or complementary to MRI in low-resource settings to prognosticate and direct follow-up.Trial registration numberCTRI/2013/05/003693.
Neurodevelopmental outcome of patients with congenital gastrointestinal malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roorda Daniëlle , Königs Marsh , Eeftinck Schattenkerk Laurens , van der Steeg Lideke , van Heurn Ernest , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: June 2021

AimChildren with congenital gastrointestinal malformations may be at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment due to challenges to the developing brain, including perioperative haemodynamic changes, exposure to anaesthetics and postoperative inflammatory influences. This study aggregates existing evidence on neurodevelopmental outcome in these patients using meta-analysis.MethodPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published until October 2019. Out of the 5316 unique articles that were identified, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Standardised mean differences (Cohen’s d) between cognitive, motor and language outcome of patients with congenital gastrointestinal malformations and normative data (39 studies) or the studies’ control group (8 studies) were aggregated across studies using random-effects meta-analysis. The value of (clinical) moderators was studied using meta-regression and diagnostic subgroups were compared.ResultsThe 47 included studies encompassed 62 cohorts, representing 2312 patients. Children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations had small-sized cognitive impairment (d=−0.435, p<0.001; 95% CI −0.567 to −0.302), medium-sized motor impairment (d=−0.610, p<0.001; 95% CI −0.769 to −0.451) and medium-sized language impairment (d=−0.670, p<0.001; 95% CI −0.914 to −0.425). Patients with short bowel syndrome had worse motor outcome. Neurodevelopmental outcome was related to the number of surgeries and length of total hospital stay, while no relations were observed with gestational age, birth weight, age and sex.InterpretationThis study shows that children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations exhibit impairments in neurodevelopmental outcome, highlighting the need for routine screening of neurodevelopment during follow-up.
Managing high frequency users of an electronic consultation system in primary care: a quality improvement project
Authors: Leung Katherine , Qureshi Saffan 
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a rapid change in primary care provision. There was a significant shift from face-to-face appointments to remote methods such as electronic consultation (e-consultation). Patients from a primary care provider in London were actively encouraged to use an online consultation platform called ‘Dr iQ’. A group of high frequency users of Dr iQ emerged and clinicians were concerned their health needs were not being met through the platform. High frequency attendance in a traditional general practice setting is associated with increased time and healthcare costs.This project evaluated the number of high frequency users (identified as 10 or more consultations a month) of Dr iQ in one busy inner city practice over a 5-month period. We aimed to decrease the subsequent monthly usage frequency of all Dr iQ high frequency users from 10 or more consultations to less than 10 consultations. Our interventions included a semi-structured telephone interview, discussion among the multidisciplinary team, and regular scheduled telephone or face-to-face appointments. Following two Plan–Do-Study–Act cycles, all 12 high frequency users showed a decrease in the number of consultations submitted to Dr iQ to less than 10 consultations a month.This project proposes a method of case managing high frequency users of e-consultation. The majority of high frequency users had unmet health needs and felt a lack of continuity of care on Dr iQ. They often had complex physical and mental health problems. As remote consulting technology continues to develop, more research is required to understand the epidemiology and aetiology of e-consultation high frequency use in order to improve patient outcomes.
Δ133p53α enhances metabolic and cellular fitness of TCR-engineered T cells and promotes superior antitumor immunity
Authors: Legscha Kevin Jan , Antunes Ferreira Edite , Chamoun Antonios , Lang Alexander , Awwad Mohamed Hemaid Sayed , Ton Gigi Nu Hoang Quy , Galetzka Danuta , Guezguez Borhane , Hundemer Michael , Bourdon Jean-Christophe , Munder Markus , Theobald Matthias , Echchannaoui Hakim 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTumor microenvironment-associated T cell senescence is a key limiting factor for durable effective cancer immunotherapy. A few studies have demonstrated the critical role of the tumor suppressor TP53-derived p53 isoforms in cellular senescence process of non-immune cells. However, their role in lymphocytes, in particular tumor-antigen (TA) specific T cells remain largely unexplored.MethodsHuman T cells from peripheral blood were retrovirally engineered to coexpress a TA-specific T cell receptor and the Δ133p53α-isoform, and characterized for their cellular phenotype, metabolic profile and effector functions.ResultsPhenotypic analysis of Δ133p53α-modified T cells revealed a marked reduction of the T-cell inhibitory molecules (ie, CD160 and TIGIT), a lower frequency of senescent-like CD57+and CD160+CD8+T cell populations, and an increased number of less differentiated CD28+T cells. Consistently, we demonstrated changes in the cellular metabolic program toward a quiescent T cell state. On a functional level, Δ133p53α-expressing T cells acquired a long-term proliferative capacity, showed superior cytokine secretion and enhanced tumor-specific killing in vitro and in mouse tumor model. Finally, we demonstrated the capacity of Δ133p53α to restore the antitumor response of senescent T cells isolated from multiple myeloma patients.ConclusionThis study uncovered a broad effect of Δ133p53α isoform in regulating T lymphocyte function. Enhancing fitness and effector functions of senescent T cells by modulation of p53 isoforms could be exploited for future translational research to improve cancer immunotherapy and immunosenescence-related diseases.
Immunotherapy using IgE or CAR T cells for cancers expressing the tumor antigen SLC3A2
Authors: Pellizzari Giulia , Martinez Olivier , Crescioli Silvia , Page Robert , Di Meo Ashley , Mele Silvia , Chiaruttini Giulia , Hoinka Jan , Batruch Ihor , Prassas Ioannis , Grandits Melanie , López-Abente Jacobo , Bugallo-Blanco Eva , Ward Malcolm , Bax Heather J , French Elise , Cheung Anthony , Lombardi Sara , Figini Mariangela , Lacy Katie E , Diamandis Eleftherios P , Josephs Debra H , Spicer James , Papa Sophie , Karagiannis Sophia N 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies can benefit from selection of new targets with high levels of tumor specificity and from early assessments of efficacy and safety to derisk potential therapies.MethodsEmploying mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, immuno-mass spectrometry and CRISPR/Cas9 we identified the target of the tumor-specific SF-25 antibody. We engineered IgE and CAR T cell immunotherapies derived from the SF-25 clone and evaluated potential for cancer therapy.ResultsWe identified the target of the SF-25 clone as the tumor-associated antigen SLC3A2, a cell surface protein with key roles in cancer metabolism. We generated IgE monoclonal antibody, and CAR T cell immunotherapies each recognizing SLC3A2. In concordance with preclinical and, more recently, clinical findings with the first-in-class IgE antibody MOv18 (recognizing the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha), SF-25 IgE potentiated Fc-mediated effector functions against cancer cells in vitro and restricted human tumor xenograft growth in mice engrafted with human effector cells. The antibody did not trigger basophil activation in cancer patient blood ex vivo, suggesting failure to induce type I hypersensitivity, and supporting safe therapeutic administration. SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells demonstrated cytotoxicity against tumor cells, stimulated interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production in vitro. In vivo SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells significantly increased overall survival and reduced growth of subcutaneous PC3-LN3-luciferase xenografts. No weight loss, manifestations of cytokine release syndrome or graft-versus-host disease, were detected.ConclusionsThese findings identify efficacious and potentially safe tumor-targeting of SLC3A2 with novel immune-activating antibody and genetically modified cell therapies.
Protein citrullination as a source of cancer neoantigens
Authors: Katayama Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Makoto , Irajizad Ehsan , Sevillano Alejandro M , Patel Nikul , Mao Xiangying , Rusling Leona , Vykoukal Jody , Cai Yining , Hsiao Fuchung , Yu Chuan-Yih , Long James , Liu Jinsong , Esteva Franscisco , Fahrmann Johannes , Hanash Sam 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCitrulline post-translational modification of proteins is mediated by protein arginine deiminase (PADI) family members and has been associated with autoimmune diseases. The role of PADI-citrullinome in immune response in cancer has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that PADI-mediated citrullinome is a source of neoantigens in cancer that induces immune response.MethodsProtein expression of PADI family members was evaluated in 196 cancer cell lines by means of indepth proteomic profiling. Gene expression was assessed using messenger RNA data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemical analysis of PADI2 and peptidyl-citrulline was performed using breast cancer tissue sections. Citrullinated 12–34-mer peptides in the putative Major Histocompatibility Complex-II (MHC-II) binding range were profiled in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the relationship between protein citrullination and antigen presentation. We further evaluated immunoglobulin-bound citrullinome by mass spectrometry using 156 patients with breast cancer and 113 cancer-free controls.ResultsProteomic and gene expression analyses revealed PADI2 to be highly expressed in several cancer types including breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of 422 breast tumor tissues revealed increased expression of PADI2 in ER− tumors (p<0.0001); PADI2 protein expression was positively correlated (p<0.0001) with peptidyl-citrulline staining. PADI2 expression exhibited strong positive correlations with a B cell immune signature and with MHC-II-bound citrullinated peptides. Increased circulating citrullinated antigen–antibody complexes occurred among newly diagnosed breast cancer cases relative to controls (p=0.0012).ConclusionsAn immune response associated with citrullinome is a rich source of neoantigens in breast cancer with a potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Hypothetical flavour ban and intention to vape among vape shop customers: the role of flavour preference and e-cigarette dependence
Authors: Huh Jimi , Yu Sheila , Galimov Artur , Meza Leah R , Galstyan Ellen , Medel Donna , Unger Jennifer B , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Sussman Steve 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionE-cigarette users typically initiate vaping with flavoured e-liquids. People who vape flavours tend to underestimate the harm of vaping. We examined the inter-relationship between flavour preference, vaping for cessation purposes, e-cigarette dependence, e-cigarette harm perception and purchase/use intention, given a hypothetical flavour ban. We hypothesised that non-tobacco flavour preference and vaping for cessation would be negatively associated with harm perception of e-cigarettes and intention to continue vaping if a flavour ban occurred and that these effects would be mediated by e-cigarette dependence.MethodsFrom July 2019 to March 2020, we conducted intercept interviews with 276 customers at 44 vape shops in California. The predictor variables were flavour preference and vaping for cessation. The outcome variables were harm perception of e-cigarettes and intention to purchase/use, given a hypothetical flavour ban. Multilevel structural equation modelling tested whether e-cigarette dependence mediates the effects of flavour preference on hypothetical continued vaping and purchase.ResultsThose who preferred flavours showed significantly lower intention to purchase e-liquids (β=−0.28, p<0.001) and to continue vaping (β=−0.17, p=0.001), given a hypothetical flavour ban. Those who vaped for smoking cessation indicated greater intention to purchase e-liquid (β=0.10, p=0.016) and to continue vaping (β=0.17, p=0.001), given a hypothetical flavour ban. E-cigarette dependence significantly mediated these effects (ps<0.04).DiscussionFlavour preference was negatively related to intention to continue to vape within a hypothetical flavour ban. Our results also highlight the importance of e-cigarette dependence and use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation methods. Implications for future flavour bans are discussed.