bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spent edible fungus substrate
Authors: He Qiang , Yang Yu , Liu Zeng , Shao Dongwei , Jiang Donghua , Xing Lei , Pan Qie , Shan Huizi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpent edible fungus substrates were identified as potential sources to produce cellulose derivatives, namely purified cellulose and dicarboxyl cellulose nanocrystal (DCNC). Purified celluloses were obtained via chemical treatments and then oxidized by sequential periodate‐chlorite without mechanical process. The structural properties of the DCNCs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).RESULTSXRD results showed that the cellulose I structure was maintained, however, the crystallinity index decreased after oxidation process. The initial pyrolysis temperature of DCNCs ranged from 242 to 344 °C. TEM results revealed that DCNC was rod‐shaped with an average length and width of 130.88 nm and 7.3 nm, respectively. The average specific surface area (SSA) was 366.67 m2 g–1. The carboxyl content was around 3.485 mmol g–1. Finally, the adsorption capacity for contaminations was 76.98, 126.22, 64.44 and 9.63 mg g–1 for copper ion (Cu2+), lead ion (Pb2+), chromium (Cr3+) and amoxicillin (AMX), respectively.CONCLUSIONThis work showed a sequentially chemical oxidation for preparing nanocellulose from secondary agricultural waste with many functional applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A nested parallel multiscale convolution for cerebrovascular segmentation
Authors: Xia Likun , Xie Yixuan , Wang Qiwang , Zhang Hao , He Cheng , Yang Xiaonan , Lin Jinghui , Song Ran , Liu Jiang , Zhao Yitian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose: Cerebrovascular segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Many segmentation frameworks based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or U‐Net‐like structures have been proposed for cerebrovascular segmentation. Unfortunately, the segmentation results are still unsatisfactory, particularly in the small/thin cerebrovascular due to the following reasons: (1) the lack of attention to multiscale features in encoder caused by the convolutions with single kernel size; (2) insufficient extraction of shallow and deep‐seated features caused by the depth limitation of transmission path between encoder and decoder; (3) insufficient utilization of the extracted features in decoder caused by less attention to multiscale features.Methods: Inspired by U‐Net++, we propose a novel 3D U‐Net‐like framework termed Usception for small cerebrovascular. It includes three blocks: Reduction block, Gap block, and Deep block, aiming to: (1) improve feature extraction ability by grouping different convolution sizes; (2) increase the number of multiscale features in different layers by grouping paths of different depths between encoder and decoder; (3) maximize the ability of decoder in recovering multiscale features from Reduction and Gap block by using convolutions with different kernel sizes.Results: The proposed framework is evaluated on three public and in‐house clinical magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) data sets. The experimental results show that our framework reaches an average dice score of 69.29%, 87.40%, 77.77% on three data sets, which outperform existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. We also validate the effectiveness of each block through ablation experiments.Conclusions: By means of the combination of Inception‐ResNet and dimension‐expanded U‐Net++, the proposed framework has demonstrated its capability to maximize multiscale feature extraction, thus achieving competitive segmentation results for small cerebrovascular.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel triketone‐containing quinoxaline as HPPD inhibitor
Authors: Hu Wei , Gao Shuang , Zhao Li‐Xia , Guo Ke‐Liang , Wang Jia‐Yu , Gao Ying‐Chao , Shao Xin‐Xin , Fu Ying , Ye Fei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUND4‐Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) is one of the important target enzymes used to address the issue of weed control. HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides can reduce the carotenoid content in plants and hinder photosynthesis, eventually causing albinism and death. Exploring novel HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides is a significant direction in pesticide research. In the process of exploring new high‐efficiency HPPD inhibitors, a series of novel quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized using an active fragment splicing strategy.RESULTSThe title compounds were unambiguously characterized by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy. The results of the in vitro tests indicated that the majority of the title compounds showed potent inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD). Preliminary bioevaluation results revealed that a number of novel compounds displayed better or excellent herbicidal activity against broadleaf and monocotyledonous weeds. Compound III‐5 showed herbicidal effects comparable to those of mesotrione at a rate of 150 g of active ingredient (ai)/ha for post‐emergence application. The results of molecular dynamics verified that compound III‐5 had a more stable protein‐binding ability. Molecular docking results showed that compound III‐5 and mesotrione shared homologous interplay with the surrounding residues. In addition, the enlarged aromatic ring system adds more force, and the hydrogen bond formed can enhance the synergy with π–π stacking.CONCLUSIONSThe present work indicates that compound III‐5 may be a potential lead structure for the development of new HPPD inhibitors.
Genetic Divergence and Diversity Reflect a Predominant Freshwater Resident Life History in Rainbow Trout from Southwestern Alaska
Authors: Olsen Jeffrey B. , Walsh Patrick , Benson Anna‐Marie , Schwanke Craig J. , Wenburg John K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southwestern Alaska occupy coastal watersheds near the northern boundary of the species’ native range and support a world‐class wild trout sport fishery. Although low freshwater temperatures and a short growing season in this region may favor anadromy, these populations appear to exhibit a freshwater resident life history strategy. We used genetic data to evaluate two hypotheses regarding the influence of the presumed migratory behavior of these Rainbow Trout on reproductive isolation among and within watersheds. The results were largely consistent with the predictions, but there were exceptions. The data supported the hypothesis that the freshwater resident behavior precludes marine‐mediated gene flow, resulting in large genetic divergence and low admixture among watersheds. The estimate of among‐watershed differentiation (FCT = 0.350) was large and reflected over 96% of the variation among all sampled aggregations (FST = 0.363). However, evidence of admixed individuals in two adjacent watersheds and five first‐generation migrants among five watersheds suggests that the potential for coastal migration with gene flow exists in these populations. The data also supported the hypothesis that aggregations formed within watersheds during the spawning period (May–June) represent reproductively isolated populations. Pairwise estimates of FST and the G‐test results revealed population structure in four of the six watersheds tested. However, not all aggregation pairs were found to be genetically distinct and there was notable variation in the pairwise FST estimates (0.000–0.067). In summary, the data reflected the predicted results for each hypothesis but also revealed exceptions that, consistent with tagging studies, demonstrate the complexity of migratory behavior in southwestern Alaska Rainbow Trout. We discuss the implications of these results for fishery management and conservation.
Precocious Maturation of Hatchery‐Raised Spring Chinook Salmon as Age‐2 Minijacks Is Not Detectably Affected by Sire Age
Authors: Galbreath Peter F. , Staton Benjamin A. , Nuetzel Hayley M. , Stockton Chad A. , Knudsen Curtis M. , Medeiros Lea R. , Koch Ilana J. , Bosch William J. , Pierce Andrew L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJuvenile males produced in spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha hatchery programs can exhibit high rates of maturation in freshwater as 2‐year‐old “minijacks.” This phenomenon is associated with high feeding rates and increased size and/or growth that juveniles experience in the hatchery environment, though studies also support a genetic component affecting age of maturation among salmonids, including precocious maturation in freshwater. This prompted a study to test whether the age of natural‐origin spring Chinook Salmon broodstock affects the rate at which their hatchery‐raised male progeny mature as age‐2 minijacks. In three consecutive brood years, we factorially mated age‐4 adult females with age‐3, age‐4, and age‐5 adult (jacks) male broodstock. In the latter two brood years, we also incorporated age‐1 precocious parr (microjacks) as sires. After communal rearing to the smolt stage (age 1), male juveniles were characterized as immature or as maturing minijacks based on plasma 11‐ketotestosterone concentration, and each was identified to its respective full‐sib progeny group via genetic parentage analysis. A generalized linear mixed model, performed for each brood year separately, was used to characterize expected precocious maturation rates by sire age, while controlling for potential effects of smolt body weight and individual parent identities. Multiple comparisons across sire ages within brood years were used to evaluate relative rates of precocious maturation. Estimates of the probability of minijack maturation among families within sire ages and brood years varied from as much as 0% to 100%, and no consistent effect of sire age on precocious maturation rate was observed. Exploratory analyses investigating additional effects of egg size, dam length, and spawn date also failed to identify consistent predictors of precocious maturation. Instead, variability was largely attributed to both dam‐ and sire‐specific effects, indicating a heritable component to precocious maturation, though not detectably associated with other measured attributes.
A Detailed History of Retromuscular Repairs for Ventral Hernias: A Story of Surgical Innovation
Authors: Arora Eham , Kukleta Jan , Ramana B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe performed a historical review of events concerning retromuscular hernia repairs over the last two centuries. This may shed light on surgical innovators and their novel techniques that have evolved into current practices.MethodsLiterature reviews of notable surgeons in the subspecialty were reviewed. Historical context was obtained by personal communication with contemporary surgeons who witnessed changes in established techniques firsthand.ResultsEven though retromuscular repairs are the central theme of this exercise, it is important to note several adjacent events which steered surgical progress. The status of hernia surgery today is the result of the work of several pioneers separated by time and distance.ConclusionsIt may be important to understand the circumstances that have propelled past surgical breakthroughs to stimulate future progress.
Impact of fetal presentation on neurodevelopmental outcome in a trial of preterm vaginal delivery: a nationwide, population-based record linkage study
Authors: Toijonen Anna , Heinonen Seppo , Gissler Mika , Seikku Laura , Macharey Georg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at the age of four after an attempted vaginal delivery according to the fetal presentation in birth.

Methods
This retrospective record linkage study evaluated the risks of cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech, visual, and auditory disabilities among preterm children born after an attempted vaginal breech delivery. The control group comprised children born in a cephalic presentation at the same gestational age. This study included 23 803 singleton deliveries at gestational weeks 24 + 0–36 + 6 between 2004 and 2014.

Results
From 1629 women that underwent a trial of vaginal breech delivery, 1122 (66.3%) were converted to emergency cesarean sections. At extremely preterm and very preterm gestations (weeks 24 + 0—31 + 6), no association between a trial of vaginal breech delivery and neurodevelopmental delay occurred. At gestational weeks 32 + 0—36 + 6, the risks of visual disability (aOR 1.67, CI 1.07—2.60) and autism spectrum disorders (aOR 2.28, CI 1.14—4.56) were increased after an attempted vaginal breech delivery as compared to vaginal cephalic delivery.

Conclusion
A trial of vaginal breech delivery at extremely preterm and very preterm gestations appears not to increase the risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at the age of four. In moderate to late preterm births, a trial of vaginal breech delivery was associated with an increased risk of visual impairment and autism spectrum disorders compared to children born in cephalic presentation. A trial of vaginal preterm breech delivery requires distinctive consideration and careful patient selection.
Patients with multiple myeloma referred for palliative care consultation: from retrospective analysis to future directions to improve clinical outcomes
Authors: Pallotti Maria Caterina , Rossi Romina , Scarpi Emanuela , Dall’Agata Monia , Ricci Marianna , Ceccolini Michela , Ronconi Sonia , Valenti Vanessa , Maltoni Marco , Martinelli Giovanni , Cerchione Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
New treatments have improved the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). At diagnosis and during the course of the disease, patients often report pain and other symptoms. Given the long disease trajectory, psychological and social issues are also frequent. Recently, the potential usefulness of early palliative care (EPC) was hypothesized in the area of hematology. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with MM referred to our institute for a palliative care (PC) consultation between January 2017 and June 2020. Our aim was to evaluate the main reasons (pain or other clinical symptoms) for the referral for a first PC consultation.

Methods
We examined the main reasons for the first PC consultation, the number of PC consultations carried out, and the period of time between diagnosis, first and subsequent PC visits, and death. We also recorded information on the type of pain experienced and the treatments administered.

Results
Of the 325 patients with MM followed at our hematology unit during the study period, 43 were referred for a PC consultation (39 for pain management and 4 to determine the most appropriate care setting (hospice or palliative homecare service)). Nineteen (44.2%) of the 43 patients reported other symptoms in addition to pain. The median time between MM diagnosis and the first PC consultation was 473 days. Fifteen patients died, with a median 332 days between the first PC visit and death.

Conclusion
Randomized studies on MM involving larger patient populations with access to EPC are needed to identify an effective clinical model to improve the management of patients with MM.
A modified Delphi process to establish research priorities in hernia surgery
Authors: Scrimgeour D. S. G. , Allan M. , Knight S. R. , East B. , Blackwell S. , Dames N. , Laidlaw L. , Light D. , Horgan L. , Smart N. J. , de Beaux A. , Wilson M. S. J. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Surgical Research Group and the British Hernia Society
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Abdominal wall hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide, yet despite this, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence to support best management. The aim of the study was to use a modified Delphi process to determine future research priorities in this field.

Methods
Stakeholders were invited by email, using British Hernia Society membership details or Twitter, to submit individual research questions via an online survey. In addition, questions obtained from a patient focus group (PFG) were collated to form Phase I. Two rounds of prioritization by stakeholders (phases II and III) were then completed to determine a final list of research questions. All questions were analyzed on an anonymized basis.

Results
A total of 266 questions, 19 from the PFG, were submitted by 113 stakeholders in Phase I. Of these, 64 questions were taken forward for prioritization in Phase II, which was completed by 107 stakeholders. Following Phase II analysis, 97 stakeholders prioritized 36 questions in Phase III. This resulted in a final list of 14 research questions, 3 of which were from the PFG. Stakeholders included patients and healthcare professionals (consultant surgeons, trainee surgeons and other multidisciplinary members) from over 27 countries during the 3 phases.

Conclusion
The study has identified 14 key research priorities pertaining to abdominal wall hernia surgery. Uniquely, these priorities have been determined from participation by both healthcare professionals and patients. These priorities should now be addressed by well-designed, high-quality international collaborative research.
Motorcycle recycling flow and end-of-life motorcycles in Japan
Authors: Kimura Mami , Yamane Takumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study compiled the number of End-of-Life motorcycles (ELMCs), utilizing Japanese official motorcycle data to clarify “the characteristics of distribution flow and main actors” of ELMCs. Based on its results, domestic ELMCs were estimated at approximately between 500,000 and 600,000 annually. The exact ELMCs number in 2019 was 521,644, 81.4% of which were exported. The ratio of exported used motorcycles among these ELMCs was analyzed and categorized according to engine discharge. Accordingly, the analysis showed that motorcycles with 50 cc and less total emissions had a high proportion, 62.8%, of the total in 2019. New insights from this study include (1) the characteristics of the used motorcycle distribution flow in Japan and that they are eventually exported and (2) the main actors in the distribution flow are used motorcycle auction sites that assume a leading role in recycling motorcycles domestically and internationally.
Nano-structured dynamic Schiff base cues as robust self-healing polymers for biomedical and tissue engineering applications: a review
Authors: Malik Umer Shahzad , Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan , Jahan Zaib , Zafar Mazhar Iqbal , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Sher Farooq 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymer materials are vulnerable to damages, failures, and degradations, making them economically unreliable. Self-healing polymers, on the other hand, are multifunctional materials with superior properties of autonomic recovery from physical damages. These materials are suitable for biomedical and tissue engineering in terms of cost and durability. Schiff base linkages-based polymer materials are one of the robust techniques owing to their simple self-healing mechanism. These are dynamic reversible covalent bonds, easy to fabricate at mild conditions, and can self-reintegrate after network disruption at physiological conditions making them distinguished. Here we review self-healing polymer materials based on Schiff base bonds. We discuss the Schiff base bond formation between polymeric networks, which explains the self-healing phenomenon. These bonds have induced 100% recovery in optimal cases.
Preliminary examination of reliability and validity of the Japanese child anxiety impact scale-parent version in Japanese community sample
Authors: Okawa Sho , Arai Honami , Nakamura Hideki , Urao Yuko , Reardon Tessa , Giles Sophie , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe child anxiety impact scale-parent version (CAIS-P) is a useful measure to assess the impact of anxiety on a child’s daily life; however, a Japanese version of the CAIS-P has not been developed, and whether the CAIS-P can be utilized in Eastern countries remains unascertained. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CAIS-P and examine its reliability and validity. Parents of 400 children (aged 7 to 15 years) from the Japanese community completed the CAIS-P. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of the original CAIS-P, consisting of school activity, social activity, and home/family activity factors, provided a good fit for the Japanese version of the CAIS-P. Estimated Spearman’s correlation coefficients showed moderate correlations between the total and factor scores of the CAIS-P, anxiety symptoms (Spence Child Anxiety Scale-parent version), and depressive symptoms (Child Depression Inventory). Furthermore, the item response theory model revealed that each factor of the CAIS-P is a high information reliable measure for children with high trait anxiety. These results provide support for the Japanese version of the CAIS-P’s factorial validity, convergent validity, and reliability and its potential for application in child anxiety research in Japan.
Assessing the effect of governing parameters of bearing capacity determination of small piled rafts on clay soil
Authors: Mali Shivanand , Singh Baleshwar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract In the present study, a small piled raft foundation has been simulated numerically through PLAXIS 3-D software. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of governing parameters such as pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles on the settlement and load-bearing behavior of piled raft, so as to achieve the optimum design for small piled raft configurations. An optimized design of a piled raft is defined as a design with allowable center and differential settlements and satisfactory bearing behavior for a given raft geometry and loading. The results indicated that, with increase in pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles, both the center settlement ratio and differential settlement ratio decreased. The load-bearing capacity of piled raft increased with increase in pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles. Furthermore, the percentage load carried by the piles increased as the pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles increased. The bending moment and shear force in corner pile are noted to be more, and they decreased towards the center pile. With increase in pile length, the maximum raft bending moment decreased, whereas the maximum shear force in the raft increased. Further, with increase in pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles, the maximum bending moment and maximum shear force in the raft increased. The optimum parameters for the piled raft foundation can be selected efficiently with the consideration of maximum bending moment and maximum shear force while designing the piled raft foundation. Thus, the results of this study can be used as guidelines for achieving optimum design for small piled raft foundation.