bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodiment is not the answer to meaning: a discussion of the theory underlying the article by Carina Rasse and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. in JLS 50(1)
Authors: Teubert Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article offers a critical response to the discussion in Carina Rasse and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. article in JLS 50(1) entitled, Metaphorical Thinking in Our Literary Experiences of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”. My paper reconsiders how different the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, particularly in the tradition of conceptual metaphor research, is to that of discourse linguistics, especially in the hermeneutic tradition. Do the two approaches aim at irreconcilable objectives, particularly as cognitive linguistics is focussed on what happens in people’s heads and/or bodies when creating an utterance, whereas I argue that as language is social, it is about the communication of meaning. Discourse linguistics explores what it takes to make sense, to consciously interpret utterances in their contexts, as what an utterance means is how it is intertextually linked to other related utterances. In other words, the meaning of any segment of an utterance of a text, is the sum of the ways in which this segment has been paraphrased in related occurrences. In this paper, I present the two frameworks from my own, strongly biased, perspective.
Prior Acoustic Trauma Alters Type II Afferent Activity in the Mouse Cochlea
Authors: Nowak Nathaniel , Wood Megan Beers , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Fuchs Paul Albert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAuditory stimuli travel from the cochlea to the brainstem through type I and type II cochlear afferents. While type I afferents convey information about the frequency, intensity, and timing of sounds, the role of type II afferents remains unresolved. Limited recordings of type II afferents from cochlear apex of prehearing rats reveal they are activated by widespread outer hair cell stimulation, ATP, and by the rupture of nearby outer hair cells. Altogether, these lines of evidence suggest that type II afferents sense loud, potentially damaging levels of sound. To explore this hypothesis further, calcium imaging was used to determine the impact of acoustic trauma on the activity of type II cochlear afferents of young adult mice of both sexes. Two known marker genes (Th,Drd2) and one new marker gene (Tac1), expressed in type II afferents and some other cochlear cell types, drove GCaMP6f expression to reveal calcium transients in response to focal damage in the organ of Corti in all turns of the cochlea. Mature type II afferents responded to acute photoablation damage less often but at greater length compared with prehearing neurons. In addition, days after acoustic trauma, acute photoablation triggered a novel response pattern in type II afferents and surrounding epithelial cells, delayed bursts of activity occurring minutes after the initial response subsided. Overall, calcium imaging can report type II afferent responses to damage even in mature and noise-exposed animals and reveals previously unknown tissue hyperactivity subsequent to acoustic trauma.
Filamin A and parafibromin expression in parathyroid carcinoma
Authors: Storvall Sara , Leijon Helena , Ryhänen Eeva M , Vesterinen Tiina , Heiskanen Ilkka , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Arola Johanna 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC), atypical parathyroid tumours (APT) and parathyroid adenoma (PA), all present with hypercalcemia. Diminished calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression is reported in PC but is rare in benign tumours. Filamin A (FLNA) binds to the CaSR and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. FLNA is related to tumour aggressiveness in several cancers, but its role in parathyroid neoplasia is unknown.

Design
We examined FLNA, CaSR and parafibromin expression in PCs (n = 32), APTs (n = 44) and PAs (n = 77) and investigated their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers.

Methods
Tissue microarray slides were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for FLNA, CaSR and parafibromin. Staining results were correlated with detailed clinical data.

Results
All tumours stained positively for CaSR, with two tumours (one PC and one APT) showing diminished expression. Carcinomas were characterized by increased cytoplasmic FLNA expression compared to APTs and PAs (P  = 0.004). FLNA expression was not correlated with Ki-67 proliferation index or loss of parafibromin expression. Cytoplasmic FLNA expression was also associated with higher serum calcium, PTH concentrations and male sex (P  = 0.014, P  = 0.017 and P  = 0.049 respectively). Using a combined marker score, we found that parathyroid tumours with low FLNA expression and positive parafibromin staining were extremely likely to be benign (P  < 0.001).

Conclusion
Cytoplasmic and membranous FLNA expression is increased in parathyroid carcinomas compared to benign tumours. A combined FLNA and parafibromin expression score shows potential as a prognostic predictor of indolent behaviour in parathyroid neoplasms.
reina en estado: Leonor de Castilla (1241-1290). Perspectiva historiográfica y aproximación a su estudio
Authors: Bergaz Alvarez Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Este artículo pretende llevar a cabo un primer estado de la cuestión en español sobre los embarazos y partos de una reina castellana de Inglaterra: Leonor de Castilla (1240-1291). En primer lugar, se presenta al personaje, remarcándose la importancia que tuvieron la maternidad y su rol como “proveedora de herederos” en su vida política y en su recuerdo. Sorprendentemente —aunque en consonancia con los estudios historiográficos generales sobre el personaje—, los trabajos sobre la primera etapa de la maternidad de esta reina se revelan escasos, limitados y con carencias, algo en lo que sin duda han influido las dificultades que plantean las fuentes primarias directas para el conocimiento del personaje. En este artículo se presentan algunas fuentes generales que otros historiadores han manejado desde diversas perspectivas por sus posibilidades y potencial, valorándose de qué modo podrían ayudar al conocimiento de la reginalidad de Leonor de Castilla.
Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnologies: In Need for Constitutional and Legal Regulation
Authors: Filipova I. A. 
Published: October 2021

Digital technologies are affecting society, and this influence is becoming more and more noticeable. The further development of technologies and their use change the way of life of people, the content of public relations. Of particular importance are "end-to-end" digital technologies, the use of which is possible in various fields. The interaction of these technologies leads to results that include answers to the global challenges of humanity: increasing life expectancy, simplifying various communications, increasing labor productivity, etc. Today, the greatest attention is given to artificial intelligence technologies, the legal regulation of which is already being formed in different countries, including in Russia. The increasing use of artificial intelligence technologies in industry, the service sector and in everyday life requires certain regulation; in addition, the issue of adjusting the ways of developing artificial intelligence with the help of legal norms is raised. Since the norms of constitutional law form the basis of legal matter, the need to create constitutional and legal norms that establish the principles of regulating public relations arising in connection with the use of artificial intelligence in the information society will increase.Neurotechnologies are closely connected with artificial intelligence technologies, it is their combination that can greatly change the future of human civilization, in particular through the creation of hybrid human-machine intelligence. Such prospects cause concern to many researchers, including legal scholars, who suggest ways to solve social problems arising from the development of technologies, among the solutions is the need to resolve a number of issues by constitutional law.The main issues requiring constitutional and legal regulation can be called issues related to the guarantees of human rights that correspond to the conditions of the information society, with the need to consolidate a number of new rights and establish certain prohibitions on the use of artificial intelligence technologies and neurotechnologies.
Características clínicas, demográficas y epidemiológicas de una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome de Takotsubo entre 2011 y 2016 en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Naranjo Restrepo Sebastián , Múnera Echeverri Ana G. , Gaviria Aguilar María C. , Gutiérrez Prieto Daniela , Vásquez Trespalacios Elsa María , Duque Ramírez Mauricio 
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El síndrome de Takotsubo es una disfunción ventricular aguda de carácter temporal, usualmente reversible, secundaria a eventos estresantes que comprometen el eje cerebro-corazón. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y desenlaces de una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome de Takotsubo en Medellín-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, ambispectivo, realizado en una cohorte de pacientes. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias de una institución de tercer nivel de complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2016 con diagnóstico de síndrome de Takotsubo. Se diseñó un cuestionario para recolectar variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio e imagenológicas. Se obtuvieron medidas de frecuencia y análisis estadístico con el programa SPSS versión 21. Resultados: El 66,7% de los pacientes fueron mujeres, la mortalidad fue del 11,1% y la recurrencia del 5,6%. La mayoría de los casos tuvieron un desencadenante conocido (94,5%), siendo la infección el más frecuente (44,4%). El 77,8% de los pacientes presentó disnea al ingreso y el 27,8% requirió uso de algún vasopresor. El promedio de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo inicial fue del 34.17+7.8 con evidencia de mejoría en el control, promedio luego del control= 54,81+10.2 Discusión y conclusiones: El síndrome de Takotsubo es una condición nfrecuente, las mujeres son la población más afectada y la mayoría de los casos obedece a un factor desencadenante. La mortalidad reportada está dentro de lo esperado y se evidenció un buen pronóstico a mediano plazo.
Detection of blaVIM and blaIMP Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Samples in Iran
Authors: Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains has been recently reported worldwide. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates is essential. So, this study aimed to detect blaVIM and blaIMP carbapenemase-producing strains using the modified Hodge test (MHT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, P. aeruginosa strains were collected from clinical samples (blood, urine, wound, and other liquids body) in Firoozgar and Shahid Motahari Hospitals in Tehran and Velayat Hospital in Rasht Province, from May to December 2018. After identifying the isolates using the standard microbial tests, carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated by the modified hodge test. After that, the detection of blaVIM and blaIMP genes was performed by RT-PCR technique.
Results: One hundred P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical samples. Among these, 74 (74%) isolates were considered as carbapenemase positive using MHT. The frequencies of blaVIM and blaIMP genes were obtained as 83% and 11%, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and a high prevalence of blaVIM gene in P. aeruginosa strains.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Suspected Patients Referred to the Health Centers of Abarkouh, Ardakan, Bafgh and Khatam, Yazd Province, Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Somayeh , Eslami Gilda , Vakili Mahmoud , Barzegar Kazem , Fattahi Bafghi Ali 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a significant health problem in many parts of Iran. Management of the disease and its treatment is a global dilemma. In this study, the status and the proportions of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major and tropica among suspected patients referred to the Health Centers of Abarkouh, Ardakan, Bafgh, and Khatam cities, Yazd Province, Iran were investigated.
Materials and Methods: The lesion was diagnosed using direct smear microscopy and conventional polymerase chain reaction.
Results: A total of 90 samples were prepared of which 64 (71.1%) were male and 26 (27.9%) were female. Also, 30 (33.3%) samples came from Ardakan, 29 (32.2%) samples from Bafgh, 21 (23.3%) samples from Abarkouh, and 10 (11.1%) samples from Khatam city. Ninety samples with 112 lesions were recruited and parasitologically examined. The results showed that, in macroscopic examination, 90 of the patients had 59 lesions: patients with lesion(s) induced by Leishmania major = 52 (M=35, 67.3%, F=17, 32.7%), lesion(s) induced by Leishmania tropica =4 (M=2, 50.0%, F=2, 50.0%), and lesion(s) induced by false positive =33 (36.4%). Basides, in microscopic method, 90 of the patients had 59 lesions: patients with lesion(s) induced by Leishmania major =44 (M=29, 65.9%, F=15, 34.09%), lesion(s) induced by Leishmania tropica =9 (M=8, 88.8%, F=1, 11.2%), and lesion(s) induced by false positive =37 (M=28, 75.7%, F=9, 24.3%).
Conclusion: Although travel history to an endemic area is important for diagnosis, parasitological confirmation is necessary to initiate treatment.
Job Burnout Status andAnd its Relationship with Resilience Level of Healthcare Workers during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of Southern Iran
Authors: Yusefi Ali Reza , Faryabi Reza , Bordbar Shima , Daneshi Salman , Nikmanesh Parnian 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose: COVID-19 could be a threat to healthcare workers' mental health. This study was conducted to investigate job burnout and its relationship with the resilience level of the personnel in the COVID-19 treatment hospital in southern Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 496 personnel of Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) Hospital selected as the center of COVID-19 in southern Iran. The participants of the study were selected using the census. Data collection tools were the standard Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data analysis was performed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression in SPSS23 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean scores of job burnout and resilience were 76.95 ± 14.36 (of 132) and 71.21 ± 8.24 (of 125), respectively which indicated the moderate level of these two variables. There was a significant inverse correlation between job burnout and resilience (P<0.001, r= - 0.514). Spiritual influences (P<0.001), perception of competence (P=0.001), positive acceptance of change and secure relationships (P= 0.001), trust in individual instincts (P= 0.02), and control (P= 0.03) of resilience aspects were identified as predictors of job burnout. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between job burnout and gender (P=0.001) and occupational group (P= 0.04); and between resilience and gender (P= 0.02) and with marital status (P= 0.03).
Conclusion: Job burnout status and personnel resilience were at a moderate level. It was recommended to train employees with resilience-enhancing skills employees according to each of their dimensions.
CORRELATION OF SNACKING FREQUENCY, HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND POCKET MONEY WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Rahmawati Dinar Putri , Indarto Dono , Hanim Diffah 
Published: October 2021

Nutritional problem that occurs in adolescents due to higher food intake and less physical activity leads to over- nutrition. Other nutritional problems occur among them is micronutrient deﬁciency including anemia, mostly in female adolescents. Higher consumption of energy-dense snacks, low physical activity and more pocket money have contributed to adolescent’s body weight. This study aims to determine the correlation of frequency of snacking, hemoglobin levels, physical activity, and pocket money with the nutritional status of female adolescents. This cross- sectional study was carried out in 117 female adolescents in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. Data of snacking frequency was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and hemoglobin level were measured using a Hematology Analyzer. Physical activity data were collected using the IPAQ questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and were converted to Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs). Normally distributed data then analyzed using Pearson test and Spearman test for not normally distributed data to determine correlation between independent with dependent variables and followed by the multiple linear regression test if the p-value < 0.25. Most female adolescents had normal nutritional status, but 6.8% and 17.9% female adolescents were overweight and obesity, respectively. The frequency of snacking (r = 0.207, p = 0.025), physical activity (r = -0.201, p = 0.030), pocket money (r = 0.283, p = 0.002) and hemoglobin level (r = 0.150, p = 0.107) were not correlated with nutritional status. In conclusion, frequency of snacks, physical activity, and pocket money were signiﬁcantly correlated with nutritional status in female adolescents but no correlation with hemoglobin level.
EFFECT OF RED MULBERRY JUICE (MORUS RUBRA) ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN MALE WISTAR RATS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE
Authors: Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Adriani Merryana , Sardjono Stefani Cornelia 
Published: October 2021

The increasing number of tobacco users will directly impact to an increase in the number of passive smokers. Various harmful substances that enter the respiratory tract can cause health problems. The airway will recognize these substances as pathogen and activate immune response accordingly. Inﬂammatory response becomes one of the eﬀects of body compensation due to an increased pathogen. This eﬀect is indicated by the elevation of C-Reactive Protein as one systemic inﬂammatory response parameters in the body. This study aimed to determine the eﬃcacy of red mulberry juice to reduce levels of C-Reactive Protein in Wistar rats because exposure to cigarette smoke. This is an experimental study with a post-test control group design. Animals were divided into negative control group, positive control group, and 3 treatment groups with diﬀerent red mulberry doses. The positive control group showed the highest increase in C-Reactive Protein levels compared with the red mulberry intake group (p<0,001). In conclusion, the administration of red mulberry juice can reduce inﬂammatory response in rats because of exposure to cigarette smoke.
DIETARY INTAKE AND SUN EXPOSURE RELATED TO VITAMIN D CONCENTRATION IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Herawati Yesi , Nugraha Gaga Irawan , Gurnida Dida Akhmad 
Published: October 2021

Vitamin D has an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone minerals during rapid growth periods. Several studies have shown that deﬁciency of vitamin D occurs in thalassemia patient. The study used literature review to determine relation of dietary intake and sun exposure with vitamin D concentration in thalassemia patiens in 29 literatures. Those literatures were taken from books and articles published from 2010 to 2019 with the keywords “thalassemia”, “dietary intake”, “sun exposure” and “vitamin D” using database in Pubmed, Google Scholar and Medline. The results of 29 literatures showed that vitamin D deﬁciency is caused by reduced dietary intake and impaired vitamin D hydroxylation in the liver due to hemochromatosis resulting in high serum ferritin. Source of vitamin D comes from endogenous synthesis with sunlight exposure and little dietary source of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Another food intake can also aﬀect serum vitamin D concentration, mainly fat and protein intake. Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin, it can be stored in the fat for later metabolized in the liver. Protein is required to transport vitamin D to blood circulation, enzyme formation and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Thalassemia patients need to increase of macro and micronutrients requirement. Low Hb concentration causes fatigue, tired easily and decreased appetite. A lot of research on thalassemia children found that intake of energy and protein were lower than recommended and lack of sun exposure. These conditions will aﬀect to vitamin D concentration. A comprehensive understanding in the relationship of dietary intake and sun exposure to vitamin D concentration in thalassemia patients is explained in this mini review. Maintaining normal vitamin D concentration through adequate dietary intake and sun exposure are very important to optimize growth in thalassemia patients.
INSIGHTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF PHYLOGENETIC ON THE RELATIVE GROWTH USING <i>Atherinella brasiliensis</i> AS A TOOL
Authors: BOT NETO Renato Luiz , CARVALHO Barbara Maichak de , SCHWARZ JÚNIOR Roberto , SPACH Henry Louis 
Published: October 2021

The lengthí weight relationships (LWR) are important tools for ichthyology, they are useful to demonstrate the environmental influence on growth. In this study we estimate the LWR of the Atherinella brasiliensis in the shallow areas of the São Francisco river estuary and compare the growth of this specie in different environments of the Brazilian coast. Specimens of Brazilian silverside (A. brasiliensis, n = 3483), between 2.1 and 13.6 cm in length, were caught in the shallow areas of the São Francisco River estuary between May 2017 and April 2018. The length-weight ratio of the species was represented by the equation y=0.0047x3.0913. Frequency distribution indicates that the species is present in the shallow areas of the São Francisco River estuary in all its ontogenetic stages and apparently reproduces throughout the year with constant input of recruits into the population. Von Bertalanffyââ‚¬â„¢s growth model and longevity were adjusted to reach asymptotic length (LâË†Å¾) of 14.7 cm, growth coefficient (K) of 0.91 year-1 and longevity (A95) of 3.25 years. The analysis of variance revealed differences for the maximum total length. However, the differences found between the present study and data available in the literature appear to be caused by environmental and methodological differences.