bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Porous Molybdenum Dioxide as an Efficient Supercapacitor Electrode Material
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Tian Li , Qi Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolybdenum dioxide (MoO2) with amorphous and porous nanostructure is synthesized via a facile hydrothermal methodology in a short reaction time and used as a supercapacitors electrode material. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements, and cycle stability tests of the amorphous and porous MoO2 are investigated. The novel‐innovative structure conduces to the high specific capacity of 444.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution. After 1000 cycles, 92% capacity is retained, indicating that the as‐prepared electrodes possess excellent stabilities. Furthermore, at a high current density of 8 A g−1, the capacity can reach 210.67 F g−1, exhibiting outstanding rate characteristics. The amorphous and porous MoO2 achieves preeminent electrochemical performance, which can be attributed to the short ion diffusion routes and can provide reversible and fast faradic reactions and the porous structure will increase the utilization of the electrode materials. Besides that, the amorphous and porous MoO2 will let each MoO2 nanoparticles to participate in electrochemical reactions due to the full contact between electrolyte and MoO2. Therefore, MoO2 will be a promising anode material for aqueous supercapacitors.
Recent Progress on Electrocatalytic Valorization of Biomass‐Derived Organics
Authors: Yang Ming , Yuan Zhenran , Peng Rixin , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin 
Published: October 2021

Electrocatalytic valorization of biomass derivatives can be powered by electricity generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind energy. A shift from centralized, high‐temperature, and energy‐intensive processes to decentralized, low‐temperature conversions is achieved, which meets the requirement of sustainable energy generation. This approach provides an efficient, green, and additive‐free strategy for biomass derivative valorization, in which product selectivity could be easily regulated by the applied potential and electrocatalyst utilized. However, a scale‐up application is still far from being completed due to the inability of conversion rates and selectivity to meet the industrialization requirements. A better understanding of the reaction mechanism and the development of high‐efficiency and high‐selectivity electrocatalysts are required to pave the path toward larger industrialization applications. Herein, we summarize the recent research progress in the electrocatalytic oxidation and hydrogenation of platform compounds such as furanic compounds and glycerol. In the literature, these three research areas are integrated to realize the scale‐up application of the processes as mentioned above. The investigations of the mechanism are based on in situ techniques, theoretical calculations, and advanced electrocatalyst studies. Finally, the challenges and prospects in this topic are described. We expect that this review will provide the fundamental understanding and design guidelines to achieve efficient and high‐selectivity catalysts and further facilitate the scale‐up application of the electrocatalytic conversion of biomass derivatives.
Aberrant hepatic trafficking of gut‐derived T cells is not specific to primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Graham Jonathon J. , Mukherjee Sujit , Yuksel Muhammad , Sanabria Mateos Rebeca , Si Tengfei , Huang Zhenlin , Huang Xiahong , Abu Arqoub Hadil , Patel Vishal , McPhail Mark , Zen Yoh , Heaton Nigel , Longhi Maria Serena , Heneghan Michael A. , Liberal Rodrigo , Vergani Diego , Mieli‐Vergani Giorgina , Ma Yun , Hayee Bu’Hussain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The “gut homing” hypothesis suggests the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is driven by aberrant hepatic expression of gut adhesion molecules and subsequent recruitment of gut‐derived T cells to the liver. However, inconsistencies lie within this theory including an absence of investigations and comparisons with other chronic liver diseases (CLD). Here, we examine “the gut homing theory” in patients with PSC with associated inflammatory bowel disease (PSC‐IBD) and across multiple inflammatory liver diseases.

Approach and Results
Expression of MAdCAM‐1, CCL25, and E‐Cadherin were assessed histologically and using RT‐PCR on explanted liver tissue from patients with CLD undergoing OLT and in normal liver. Liver mononuclear cells were isolated from explanted tissue samples and the expression of gut homing integrins and cytokines on hepatic infiltrating gut‐derived T cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Hepatic expression of MAdCAM‐1, CCL25 and E‐Cadherin was up‐regulated in all CLDs compared with normal liver. There were no differences between disease groups. Frequencies of α4β7, αEβ7, CCR9, and GPR15 expressing hepatic T cells was increased in PSC‐IBD, but also in CLD controls, compared with normal liver. β7 expressing hepatic T cells displayed an increased inflammatory phenotype compared with β7 negative cells, although this inflammatory cytokine profile was present in both the inflamed and normal liver.

Conclusions
These findings refute the widely accepted “gut homing” hypothesis as the primary driver of PSC and indicate that aberrant hepatic recruitment of gut‐derived T cells is not unique to PSC, but is a panetiological feature of CLD.
An AFM study of the nanostructural response of New Zealand white rabbit Achilles tendons to cyclic loading
Authors: Al Makhzoomi Anas K. , Kirk Thomas B. , Allison Garry T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nanostructural response of New Zealand white rabbit Achilles tendons to a fatigue damage model was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using the endpoint of dose assessments of each tendon from our previous study. The change in mechanical properties was assessed concurrently with nanostructural change in the same non‐viable intact tendon. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the elongation of D‐periodicities, and the changes were compared both within the same fibril bundle and between fibril bundles. D‐periodicities increased due to both increased strain and increasing numbers of fatigue cycles. Although no significant difference in D‐periodicity lengthening was found between fibril bundles, the lengthening of D‐periodicity correlated strongly with the overall tendon mechanical changes. The accurate quantification of fibril elongation in response to macroscopic applied strain assisted in assessing the complex structure–function relationship in Achilles tendons.
Low chromatic spanning sub(di)graphs with prescribed degree or connectivity properties
Authors: Bang‐Jensen J. , Havet F. , Kriesell M. , Yeo A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGeneralizing well‐known results of Erdős and Lovász, we show that every graph contains a spanning ‐partite subgraph with , where is the edge‐connectivity of . In particular, together with a well‐known result due to Nash‐Williams and Tutte, this implies that every 7‐edge‐connected graph contains a spanning bipartite graph whose edge set decomposes into two edge‐disjoint spanning trees. We show that this is best possible as it does not hold for infinitely many 6‐edge‐connected graphs. For directed graphs, it was shown by Bang‐Jensen et al. that there is no such that every ‐arc‐connected digraph has a spanning strong bipartite subdigraph. We prove that every strong digraph has a spanning strong 3‐partite subdigraph and that every strong semicomplete digraph on at least six vertices contains a spanning strong bipartite subdigraph. We generalize this result to higher connectivities by proving that, for every positive integer , every ‐arc‐connected digraph contains a spanning ()‐partite subdigraph which is ‐arc‐connected and this is best possible. A conjecture by Kreutzer et al. implies that every digraph of minimum out‐degree contains a spanning 3‐partite subdigraph with minimum out‐degree at least . We prove that the bound would be best possible by providing an infinite class of digraphs with minimum out‐degree which do not contain any spanning 3‐partite subdigraph in which all out‐degrees are at least . We also prove that every digraph of minimum semidegree at least contains a spanning 6‐partite subdigraph in which every vertex has in‐ and out‐degree at least .
Assessments of multiple gridded‐rainfall datasets for characterizing the precipitation concentration index and its trends in India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Suman , Sreekesh S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRainfall is time concentric in nature. The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is changing over the Earth with recent anthropogenic warming. The study explores various characteristics of annual and seasonal concentration of rainfall across India using the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and its trends during the period of 1986–2015, based on a high‐resolution gauge‐based rainfall data (0.25 × 0.25°), obtained from the India Meteorological Department (IMD). An intercomparison is made with 11 other gridded rainfall datasets to infer whether these datasets can reasonably reproduce the spatiotemporal distribution of PCI and its trends in various homogenous rainfall regions of India or not. These datasets are categorized into gauge‐based (APHRODITE, GPCC, CPC), satellite‐derived (CHIRPS, PERSIANN‐CDR), and reanalysis (JRA‐55, MERRA‐2, NCEP‐2, PGF, ERA‐Interim, ERA‐5). On annual scale, about 8.52, 24.1, and 67.38% of area of India are under moderate, irregular, and strongly irregular rainfall distribution, respectively. Spatial variation of PCI in India is influenced by geographical factors such as latitude, longitude, and elevation. Significant increasing and decreasing trends in annual PCI have been observed in the northeast, eastern, and western coasts of India, respectively. Gridded data intercomparison suggests that the gauge‐based APHRODITE, GPCC, and satellite‐derived CHIRPS datasets better perform in capturing the temporal and spatial variation of PCI across India when compared to the IMD gridded dataset, whereas the ERA‐5 performs better among the reanalysis datasets. However, the rainfall datasets exhibited marked differences with the IMD while estimating the annual and seasonal trend and its magnitude across various regions of India. The JRA‐55 overestimated areas of positive trend and its magnitude on annual and seasonal scale. These findings have practical implications for hydroclimatic studies.
Utilization of low‐cost agricultural by‐product rice husk for Monascus pigments production via submerged batch‐fermentation
Authors: Zhang Song , Zhao Wen , Nkechi Omeoga , Lu Pengxin , Bai Jie , Lin Qinlu , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonascus pigments (MPs) produced by the genus Monascus, have been utilized for more than 2000 years in the food industry. In the present study, by submerged batch‐fermentation (SBF), we were able to obtain a mutant strain with a high tolerance of inhibitory compounds generated from rice husk hydrolysate, allowing the production of MPs.RESULTSThe mutant strain, M. Purpureus M523 with high rice husk hydrolysate tolerance was obtained using the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) screening system, producing 39.48 U mL−1 extracellular total MPs (yellow and orange MPs), using non‐detoxified rice husk diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysate (RHSAH) as the carbon source in SBF. Extracellular MPs (exMPs) production was enhanced to 72.1 and 80.7 U mL−1 in supplemented SBF (SSBF) and immobilized fermentation (IF) using non‐detoxified RHSAH, with productivities of 0.16 and 0.37 U mL−1 h−1, respectively. In addition, our findings revealed that despite having a high RHSAH tolerance, the mutant strain was unable to degrade phenolic compounds. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibitory compounds, including furfural (Fur) and 5′‐hydroxymethyl furfural (5′‐HMF), not only inhibit MP biosynthesis, but also regulate the conversion of pigment components.CONCLUSIONThe low‐cost agricultural by‐product, rice husk, can serve as an efficient substitute for MP production with high productivity via IF by Monascus spp. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Carbon‐Fiber Cloth Decorated with 3D Flower‐Like GO/WO3 Quantum Dots/TiO2 Microsphere with High Photocatalytic Activity under Natural Sunlight
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Shiliang , Qian Guoping , Chen Chuansheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanopowder photocatalyst suffers two serious problems (low photocatalytic efficiency, easy aggregation, and difficult recycling) in water treatment. For solving these issues, a 3D flower‐like graphene oxide (GO)/WO3 quantum dots (QDs)/TiO2 microsphere (FWGT) with excellent photocatalytic property is synthesized by a hydrothermal method which can degrade 100% Rhodamine B (RhB) within 10 min under solar light irradiation. Meanwhile, a carbon‐fiber cloth/FWGT (CF/FGT) membrane is constructed by decorating the FWGT microsphere on the surface of the carbon‐fiber cloth. CF/FGWT membrane displays better photocatalytic activity compared with carbon‐fiber cloth/flower‐like GO/TiO2 microsphere (CF/FGT) membrane, which the reaction rate constants of CF/FGWT membrane are 3.52 times higher than that of CF/FGT membrane. Moreover, the CF/FGWT membrane shows a little quality loss (about 1.7%) after several recycles, indicating the novel flexible photocatalytic membrane has great potential for purifying water.
Strategic resource decay
Authors: Karadag Reha , Poppo Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThe isolating mechanisms of strategic resources ensure their robustness against external factors. However, resources are also internally dynamic: Natural resources are depleted, employees retire, and patents expire. We develop a theoretical framework about the limitations to the sustainability of resource‐driven competitive advantage and posit that most strategic resources endogenously lose their value‐creating potential due to two factors, time and deployment, through what we label “strategic resource decay.” Our typology links resource characteristics to the mechanisms of decay and replenishment. We then examine the relationship between strategic resource decay and firm performance and explore its boundary conditions. We conclude that the firm can mitigate the negative effects of decay if it synchronizes its resource management actions with the temporal properties of its strategic resources.Managerial SummaryTo sustain a competitive advantage, managers need to understand not only the competitive dynamics of the industry but also the lifespans of the firm's strategic resources. Decay limits the useful lives of strategic resources temporally and/or in the resources’ potential extent of deployment. Because firms can potentially prevent the exhaustion of their non‐tradable strategic resources through replenishment, the decay of tradable strategic resources poses a greater challenge for managers. We also posit that strategic resource decay is a more salient threat in industries that are not characterized by rapid change. To counter the threat posed by strategic resource decay, firms need to engage in resource management activity, the timing and extent of which should be aligned with the temporal properties of the strategic resources.
On factorizable S-matrices, generalized TTbar, and the Hagedorn transition
Authors: Camilo Giancarlo , Fleury Thiago , Lencsés Máté , Negro Stefano , Zamolodchikov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study solutions of the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations for relativistic theories defined by the factorizable S-matrix of an integrable QFT deformed by CDD factors. Such S-matrices appear under generalized TTbar deformations of integrable QFT by special irrelevant operators. The TBA equations, of course, determine the ground state energy E(R) of the finite-size system, with the spatial coordinate compactified on a circle of circumference R. We limit attention to theories involving just one kind of stable particles, and consider deformations of the trivial (free fermion or boson) S-matrix by CDD factors with two elementary poles and regular high energy asymptotics — the “2CDD model”. We find that for all values of the parameters (positions of the CDD poles) the TBA equations exhibit two real solutions at R greater than a certain parameter-dependent value R*, which we refer to as the primary and secondary branches. The primary branch is identified with the standard iterative solution, while the secondary one is unstable against iterations and needs to be accessed through an alternative numerical method known as pseudo-arc-length continuation. The two branches merge at the “turning point” R* (a square-root branching point). The singularity signals a Hagedorn behavior of the density of high energy states of the deformed theories, a feature incompatible with the Wilsonian notion of a local QFT originating from a UV fixed point, but typical for string theories. This behavior of E(R) is qualitatively the same as the one for standard TTbar deformations of local QFT.
Die neue Gesetzgebung zur Organspende – Wirkung, Potenzial und Grenzen aus der Sicht klinisch tätiger Ärzt:innen
Authors: Fehring Zoë , Boehme Philip , Wirth Stefan , Fehring Leonard 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die neuen Gesetze zur Organspende von 2019 und 2020 umfassen Regelungen zur Steigerung der Organspenderate. Dazu zählen Strukturverbesserungen, die Einführung eines Online-Registers zur Dokumentation der Entscheidung zur Organspende und die verbesserte Aufklärung der Bevölkerung. Zur Einschätzung der Maßnahmen durch unmittelbar betroffene klinisch tätige Ärzte ist bislang wenig bekannt.

Methode
Es wurde eine zweistufige Sequential-mixed-method-Studie durchgeführt. Im Rahmen einer Online-Umfrage nahmen deutschlandweit 1235 Ärzte von über 90 Kliniken teil.

Ergebnisse
Klinisch tätige Ärzte benennen größtenteils strukturelle Defizite als Ursachen für die niedrige Spenderrate in Deutschland. Weniger als die Hälfte der Ärzte, die mit Organspende in Kontakt kommen, findet sich ausreichend über Organspende ausgebildet. Ärztliche Aufklärungsgespräche haben wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungsfindung von Patienten, werden aber kaum geführt. Da Patienten und Angehörige sich zu Lebzeiten zu wenig mit den Themen Tod und Organspende auseinandersetzten, führt die individuelle Entscheidungssituation oft zu Überforderung. Hausärzten kommt eine Schüsselrolle bei der Aufklärung zu. Von der Einführung eines Online-Registers erwarten nur wenige Befragte einen Einfluss auf die Organspenderate.

Schlussfolgerung
Mit der neuesten Gesetzgebung wurde ein Großteil der von Ärzten benannten strukturellen Defizite aufgegriffen. Eine zusätzliche Steigerung der Organspenderate könnte durch professionalisierte Angehörigenbetreuung erreicht werden. Eine stärkere Thematisierung von Tod und Organspende in der Gesellschaft könnte im individuellen Fall die Entscheidungsfindung von Angehörigen erleichtern.
Year-round spatial distribution and migration phenology of a rapidly declining trans-Saharan migrant—evidence of winter movements and breeding site fidelity in European turtle doves
Authors: Schumm Yvonne R. , Metzger Benjamin , Neuling Eric , Austad Martin , Galea Nicholas , Barbara Nicholas , Quillfeldt Petra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Populations of migratory bird species have suffered a sustained and severe decline for several decades. Contrary to non-migratory species, understanding the causal mechanisms proves difficult (for migratory bird species) as underlying processes may operate across broad geographic ranges and stages of the annual cycle. Therefore, the identification of migration routes, wintering grounds, and stopover sites is crucial for the development of relevant conservation strategies for declining migrant bird species. We still lack fundamental data of the non-breeding movements for many migratory species, such as European turtle doves Streptopelia turtur, a trans-Saharan migrant. For this species, knowledge of non-breeding movements is mainly based on ringing data that are limited by a low recovery rate in Africa, and tracking studies with a strong bias towards individuals breeding in France. We used Argos satellite transmitters to obtain detailed year-round tracks and provide new insights on migration strategies and winter quarters, of turtle doves breeding in Central and Eastern Europe. The tracking data along with analysis of land cover data confirm previously assumed use of multiple wintering sites and the use of a wide range of forest and agricultural landscapes at the breeding grounds. Tracking data in combination with environmental parameters demonstrated that most environmental parameters and niche breadth differed between breeding and wintering grounds. “Niche tracking” was only observed regarding night-time temperatures. Furthermore, we provide evidence for breeding site fidelity of adult individuals and for home range size to increase with an increasing proportion of agricultural used areas.

Significance statement
The European turtle dove, a Palearctic-African migrant species, is one of the fastest declining birds in Europe. The rapid decline is presumed to be caused mainly by habitat modification and agricultural changes. Here, we represent data on migration strategies, flyways, and behavior on European breeding and African non-breeding sites of turtle doves breeding in Central and Eastern Europe equipped with satellite transmitters. Our results confirm the use of different migration flyways and reveal an indication for “niche switching” behavior in terms of environmental factors during the different annual phases. The migratory behaviors revealed by the tracking approach, e.g., prolonged stopovers during autumn migration in Europe overlapping with time of hunting activities, stopovers in North Africa during spring migration, or evidence for loop migration, are important protection-relevant findings, particularly for the Central-Eastern flyway, for which no tracking data has been analyzed prior to our study.