bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Starches on Edible Quality, In Vitro Starch Digestibility, and Antioxidant Property of Black Rice Noodle
Authors: Jin Fengfang , Niu Liya , Tu Jin , Xiao Jianhui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the nutritional value of black rice (BR) is high, the low amylose content makes undesirable qualities in black rice noodle (BRN) and leads to low levels of acceptance by consumers. In this work, mung bean starch (MBS), potato starch (PS), and corn starch (CS) are added (30% w/w based on BR) to BRN and the effects on the edibility, in vitro starch digestibility, and antioxidant properties are investigated. The results show that starches significantly reduced the cooking loss from 30.80% to 10.80% and broken rate from 44.43% to 0.00%, and increased the springiness and the extensibility properties of BRN while maintaining the low in vitro starch digestibility by characterizing the content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS). Starches reduce the loss of total polyphenols of BRN during cooking, improve the release rate of polyphenols in the intestinal digestion, and maintain high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals that starches stabilized the microstructure of BRN by forming hydrogen bonds with BR and interfering with the reassociation of starch chains (confirmed by low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), X‐ray diffraction XRD, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and rapid visco analyzer (RVA)). MBS shows the most positive effect on edible quality of BRN.
Inhibition Mechanism of Berberine on α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase in Vitro
Authors: Zhao Jinjin , Wang Zhangtie , Karrar Emad , Xu Deping , Sun Xiulan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBerberine is separated from medical plants and food raw materials, and shows excellent anti‐diabetic activity and could be used as a food additive in some countries and regions. However, its inhibitory mechanisms on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase have hardly ever been revealed in vitro. In this study, enzymatic reaction kinetics, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and molecular docking are used to study the inhibitory effects of berberine on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. Berberine has great inhibitory effects on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 50.83 µg mL–1, IC50 = 198.4 µg mL–1, respectively), and inhibition types of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase are non‐competitive inhibition and competitive inhibition, respectively. Fluorescence spectra show that there is static quenching between berberine and α‐amylase or α‐glucosidase. Besides, hydrophobic interaction is the main interaction type. These results are further evidenced and visualized by molecular docking. This study provides a different theoretical basis for berberine in anti‐diabetic activity in vitro and expands interaction research about hydrophobic compounds and α‐amylase as well as α‐glucosidase.
Effect of Different Hydrothermal Treatments on Pasting, Textural, and Rheological Properties of Single and Dual Modified Corypha Umbraculifera L. Starch
Authors: Navaf Muhammed , Sunooj Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal , Krishna Nunna Ujwala , Aaliya Basheer , Sudheesh Cherakkathodi , Akhila Plachikkattu Parambil , Sabu Sarasan , Sasidharan Abhilash , Mir Shabir Ahmad , George Johnsy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStarch isolated from Corypha umbraculifera L. (talipot palm), a non‐conventional source of starch, is modified by heat‐moisture treatment (HMT), annealing (ANN), autoclaving (AUT), and HMT followed by AUT (HMT‐AUT), and ANN followed by AUT (ANN‐AUT). The effect of single and dual treatments on physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of starch is studied. All treated samples showed an A‐type crystalline pattern, however, the relative crystallinity increased by treatments from 16.35±0.42% to 26.76±0.64%, and the highest relative crystallinity is observed for ANN starch. The swelling power and solubility significantly changed (p ≤ 0.05) after modifications (S1). A higher pasting temperature and final viscosity are noticed in ANN‐AUT and AUT, respectively. However, all the treatments markedly decreased the breakdown viscosity. A higher gel hardness value of 112.58±1.2 N is observed in the HMT‐AUT starch sample.
Experimental study on the seismic behavior of large‐size square and rectangular steel reinforced concrete columns with high and normal strength concrete
Authors: Yin Fei , Wang Ruwei , Cao Wanlin , Dong Hongying , Zhao Yang , Song Yu 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTo study the seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete columns with various cross‐sectional shapes, steel shapes, and concrete strengths, four large‐size specimens were designed and an experimental study was conducted. High‐strength concrete can effectively improve the bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of proposed specimens, while the specimens with high‐strength concrete showed more serious compressive damage and lower ductility index. The square specimens showed more significant bearing capacity decline after the peak point than rectangular specimens and the ductility indexes were smaller. However, the ductility indexes and peak drift ratios of all specimens were larger than 3.58 and 1/50, which still met the suggested values in the related code. The ductility indexes and residual deformations of square specimens with high‐ and low‐strength concrete were more closed than those of rectangular specimens with high‐ and low‐strength concrete, indicating that the proposed square specimens had more stable deformation capacity under different concrete strength. Furthermore, considering the different confinement effects of concrete in different regions, the stress–strain relationships of concrete in different regions were calculated individually and a modified fiber‐based method was proposed. The calculated results showed good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the method can be used for the design of steel reinforced concrete column cross‐sections.
“Science theatre makes you good at science”: Affordances of embodied performances in urban elementary science classrooms
Authors: Varelas Maria , Kotler Rebecca T. , Natividad Hannah D. , Phillips Nathan C. , Tsachor Rachelle P. , Woodard Rebecca , Gutierrez Marcie , Melchor Miguel A. , Rosario Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSchool science continues to alienate students identifying with nondominant, non‐western cultures, and learners of color, and considers science as an enterprise where success necessitates divorcing the self and corporeal body from ideas and the mind. Resisting the colonizing pedagogy of the mind–body divide, we aimed at creating pedagogical spaces and places in science classes that sustain equitable opportunities for engagement and meaning making where body and mind are enmeshed. In the context of a partnership between school‐ and university‐based educators and researchers, we explored how multimodal literacies cultivated through the performing arts, provide students from minoritized communities opportunities to both create knowledge and to position themselves as science experts and brilliant and creative meaning makers. Four theoretical perspectives (social semiotics and multimodality; dramatizing and the embodied mind; dismantling master narratives for minoritized peoples; and the relationship of knowledge production and identity construction) framed this multiple case study of classes of elementary and middle school students who made sense of and communicated science concepts and practices through embodied performances. The study provided evidence that embodied science representations afford students abundant opportunities to construct science knowledge and positionings that support engagement with science, whether performed on a small scale in classrooms, or for the whole school through a large‐scale science play. Embodied dramatizing led to opportunities for collective meaning making as student‐performers coordinated across various movements and modes in order to represent ideas. Multiple enactments of the same concept nurtured the development of multi‐dimensional scientific, sociocultural, and sociopolitical meanings. During embodiments, students positioned themselves and others in ways that allowed expanded science identities to become possible, intertwined with other salient identities. By treating children's bodies as sites of knowledge, imagination, and expertise, integrating performing arts and science has the potential to facilitate the development of connections among ideas and between self and ideas.
Melamine induced changes in histopathology of the main organs and transcriptional levels of MAPK signaling genes in kidneys of female mice
Authors: Yang Wei , Liang Chen , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tian Xiaohui , Ren Chenxia , Chen Shuming , Wang Jundong , Zhang Jianhai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMelamine is an important chemical raw material used in industries, which has potential health risks to animals and humans. Current research mainly focuses on the toxic effects of high‐dose melamine ingestion. However, there are few reports on whether melamine at the current limited standard dose has adverse effects on various tissues and organs, and whether there are sensitive target genes for risk evaluation. For this, 24 female Kunming mice were fed 0, 1.8‐, 3.6‐, and 7.2‐ mg/kg/d melamine via drinking water for consecutive 28 days, respectively. The morphological changes of the ovarian, hepatic, and renal tissues were firstly observed. The results demonstrated that the histopathology of ovary, liver, and especially in kidney had been altered by melamine intake in female. And then, the transcriptional levels of MAPK signaling genes including p38, ERK1, ERK2, JNK1, and JNK2 in kidneys were investigated by real‐time PCR. The data showed that ERK1 and p38 mRNAs expressions were up‐regulated significantly by melamine, suggesting that ERK1 and p38 transcriptional levels in the kidney might to be considered as candidate targets for lower‐dose melamine toxicity. This study not only provides potential targets for the diagnosis and prevention of melamine damage, but also helps to assess the health risks of the current minimum allowable levels of melamine in food and environment.
Renormalization group evolution induced leptogenesis in the minimal seesaw model with the trimaximal mixing and mu-tau reflection symmetry
Authors: Zhao Zhen-hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the imbedding of the popular and well-motivated trimaximal mixing and μ–τ reflection symmetry (which can help us shape the forms of the neutrino mass matrix) in the minimal seesaw model (which contains much fewer parameters than the general seesaw model) with two TeV-scale right-handed neutrinos (for realizing a low-scale seesaw) of nearly degenerate masses (for realizing a resonant leptogenesis). However, either for the trimaximal mixing scenario (which is realized through the Form Dominance approach here) or for the μ–τ reflection symmetry scenario, leptogenesis cannot proceed. To address this issue, we consider the possibility that the special forms of the neutrino mass matrix for the trimaximal mixing and μ–τ reflection symmetry are slightly broken by the renormalization group evolution effect, thus allowing leptogenesis to proceed. It is found that in the normal case of the neutrino mass ordering, the baryon asymmetry thus generated can reproduce the observed value. For completeness, we have also extended our analysis to the scenario that two right-handed neutrinos are not nearly degenerate any more. Unfortunately, in this scenario the final baryon asymmetry is smaller than the observed value by several orders of magnitude.
Improved Ke3 radiative corrections sharpen the Kμ2–Kl3 discrepancy
Authors: Seng Chien-Yeah , Galviz Daniel , Gorchtein Mikhail , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The measurements of Vus in leptonic (Kμ2) and semileptonic (Kl3) kaon decays exhibit a 3σ disagreement, which could originate either from physics beyond the Standard Model or some large unidentified Standard Model systematic effects. Clarifying this issue requires a careful examination of all existing Standard Model inputs. Making use of a newly-proposed computational framework and the most recent lattice QCD results, we perform a comprehensive re-analysis of the electroweak radiative corrections to the Ke3 decay rates that achieves an unprecedented level of precision of 10−4, which improves the current best results by almost an order of magnitude. No large systematic effects are found, which suggests that the electroweak radiative corrections should be removed from the “list of culprits” responsible for the Kμ2–Kl3 discrepancy.
Past-year intimate partner violence perpetration among people with and without depression: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-mediation analysis
Authors: Saunders Katherine R. K. , Landau Sabine , Howard Louise M. , Fisher Helen L. , Arseneault Louise , McLeod Geraldine F. H. , Oram Sian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether (1) depression is associated with increased risk of past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, disaggregated by sex, after controlling for potential confounders; (2) observed associations are mediated by alcohol misuse or past-year IPV victimisation.

Methods
Systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-mediation analysis of general population surveys of participants aged 16 years or older, that were conducted in a high-income country setting, and measured mental disorder and IPV perpetration in the last 12 months.

Results
Four datasets contributed to meta-mediation analyses, with a combined sample of 12,679 participants. Depression was associated with a 7.4% and 4.8% proportion increase of past-year physical IPV perpetration among women and men, respectively. We found no evidence of mediation by alcohol misuse. Among women, past-year IPV victimisation mediated 45% of the total effect of depression on past-year IPV perpetration. Past-year severe IPV victimisation mediated 60% of the total effect of depression on past-year severe IPV perpetration. We could not investigate IPV victimisation as a mediator among men due to perfect prediction.

Conclusions
Mental health services, criminal justice services, and domestic violence perpetrator programmes should be aware that depression is associated with increased risk of IPV perpetration. Interventions to reduce IPV victimisation might help prevent IPV perpetration by women. Data collection on mental disorder and IPV perpetration should be strengthened in future population-based surveys, with greater consistency of data collection across surveys, as only four studies were able to contribute to the meta-mediation analysis.
Long Arm of Motorway—The Impact of Fenced Road on the Mortality of European Badgers
Authors: Nowakowski Krzysztof , Ważna Agnieszka , Kurek Przemysław , Cichocki Jan , Bojarski Jacek , Gabryś Grzegorz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe studied the impact of the new fenced and accident-safe motorway on the mortality of European badgers Meles meles on local roads in western Poland in 2010–2015. We monitored the badgers mortality on local roads of three categories: main roads, secondary roads and county roads. The study was conducted before and after the opening of the motorway in 2012. We hypothesized that the mortality of badgers is lower due to traffic concentration on motorway. Ninety two badgers were killed in collisions with vehicles on all monitored roads. Mean number of killed badgers was lowest in 2010 before the motorway opening and the highest in 2012. The mortality of badgers on regional roads was highest after the opening of the motorway due to the changes in traffic on the access roads. Within the road network, the mortality of badgers was 5.8 individuals/10 km of road per whole study period with the highest rate on main roads 8.5 individuals/10 km. The badgers mortality was highest on county roads but it was lower than expected in relation to the road network density. The highest vehicle collision risk for badgers of both sexes occurred in June. Distance to human settlements was the only environmental factor that was positively related to badger mortality on roads. We conclude that the new motorway did not reduce the mortality rate of badgers on the adjacent roads because the status of local roads has changed and now they mainly function as access roads to the motorway.
High prevalence of hip lesions secondary to arthroscopic over- or undercorrection of femoroacetabular impingement in patients with postoperative pain
Authors: Meier Malin K. , Lerch Till D. , Steppacher Simon D. , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Tannast Moritz , Vavron Peter , Schmaranzer Ehrenfried , Schmaranzer Florian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the prevalence of pre- and postoperative osseous deformities and intra-articular lesions in patients with persistent pain following arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) correction and to identify imaging findings associated with progressive cartilage damage.

Methods
Retrospective study evaluating patients with hip pain following arthroscopic FAI correction between 2010 and 2018. Pre- and postoperative imaging studies were analyzed independently by two blinded readers for osseous deformities (cam-deformity, hip dysplasia, acetabular overcoverage, femoral torsion) and intra-articular lesions (chondro-labral damage, capsular lesions). Prevalence of osseous deformities and intra-articular lesions was compared with paired t-tests/McNemar tests for continuous/dichotomous data. Association between imaging findings and progressive cartilage damage was assessed with logistic regression.

Results
Forty-six patients (mean age 29 ± 10 years; 30 female) were included. Postoperatively, 74% (34/46) of patients had any osseous deformity including 48% (22/46) acetabular and femoral deformities. Ninety-six percent (44/46) had an intra-articular lesion ranging from 20% (9/46) for femoral to 65% (30/46) for acetabular cartilage lesions. Prevalence of hip dysplasia increased (2 to 20%, p = 0.01) from pre- to postoperatively while prevalence of cam-deformity decreased (83 to 28%, p < 0.001).
Progressive cartilage damage was detected in 37% (17/46) of patients and was associated with extensive preoperative cartilage damage > 2 h, i.e., > 60° (OR 7.72; p = 0.02) and an incremental increase in postoperative alpha angles (OR 1.18; p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Prevalence of osseous deformities secondary to over- or undercorrrection was high. Extensive preoperative cartilage damage and higher postoperative alpha angles increase the risk for progressive degeneration.

Key Points
• The majority of patients presented with osseous deformities of the acetabulum or femur (74%) and with intra-articular lesions (96%) on postoperative imaging.
• Prevalence of hip dysplasia increased (2 to 20%, p = 0.01) from pre- to postoperatively while prevalence of a cam deformity decreased (83 to 28%, p < 0.001).
• Progressive cartilage damage was present in 37% of patients and was associated with extensive preoperative cartilage damage > 2 h (OR 7.72; p = 0.02) and with an incremental increase in postoperative alpha angles (OR 1.18; p = 0.04).
Nomogram for predicting postoperative cancer-specific early death in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer based on the SEER database: a large cohort study
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhu Liancheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Poor prognosis is strongly associated with early death, but there is no effective tool to predict this. This study aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific early death in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods
We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database of patients with ovarian cancer registered from 1988 to 2016. Important independent prognostic factors were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression and LASSO Cox regression. Several risk factors were considered in constructing the nomogram. Nomogram discrimination and calibration were evaluated using C-index, internal validation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
A total of 4769 patients were included. Patients were assigned to the training set (n = 3340; 70%) and validation set (n = 1429; 30%). Based on the training set, eight variables were shown to be significant factors for early death and were incorporated in the nomogram: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, residual lesion size, chemotherapy, serum CA125 level, tumor size, number of lymph nodes examined, surgery of primary site, and age. The concordance indices and ROC curves showed that the nomogram had better predictive ability than the AJCC staging system and good clinical practicability. Internal validation based on validation set showed good consistency between predicted and observed values for early death.

Conclusion
Compared with predictions made based on AJCC stage or residual lesion size, the nomogram could provide more robust predictions for early death in patients with ovarian cancer.
Structural Parameterizations of Clique Coloring
Authors: Jaffke Lars , Lima Paloma T. , Philip Geevarghese 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA clique coloring of a graph is an assignment of colors to its vertices such that no maximal clique is monochromatic. We initiate the study of structural parameterizations of the Clique Coloring problem which asks whether a given graph has a clique coloring with q colors. For fixed $$q \ge 2$$

q
≥
2

, we give an $$\mathscr {O}^{\star }(q^{{\mathsf {tw}}})$$

O
⋆

(

q
tw

)

-time algorithm when the input graph is given together with one of its tree decompositions of width $${\mathsf {tw}} $$
tw
. We complement this result with a matching lower bound under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. We furthermore show that (when the number of colors is unbounded) Clique Coloring is $$\mathsf {XP}$$
XP
parameterized by clique-width.
Nicolaus Cusanus und implizite Funktionen
Authors: Förg-Rob Wolfgang , Girstmair Kurt 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNicolaus Cusanus’ Beiträge zur Mathematik des 15. Jahrhunderts betreffen hauptsächlich Kreisquadraturen. Wir besprechen seinen frühesten Versuch auf diesem Gebiet, der zu einer überraschend guten Approximation der Zahl $$\pi$$
π
führt. In seiner Begründung stellt Cusanus Behauptungen auf, die sich, modern gesprochen, in Aussagen über implizite Funktionen übersetzen lassen. Wir beweisen diese Aussagen und diskutieren Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmanns Beweisversuch, der 70 Jahre zurückliegt.
Enteric methane emission estimates for Kenyan cattle in a nighttime enclosure using a backward Lagrangian Stochastic dispersion technique
Authors: Wolz Kevin , Leitner Sonja , Merbold Lutz , Wolf Benjamin , Mauder Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study provides methane (CH4) emission estimates for mature female African beef cattle in a semi-arid region in Southern Kenya using open-path laser spectroscopy together with a backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) dispersion modeling technique. We deployed two open-path lasers to determine 10-min averages of line-integrated CH4 measurements upwind and downwind of fenced enclosures (so-called bomas: a location where the cattle are gathered at night) during 14 nights in September/October 2019. The measurements were filtered for wind direction deviations and friction velocity before the model was applied. We compared the obtained emission factors (EFs) with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 estimates for the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, which were mostly derived from studies carried out in developed countries and adapted to the conditions in Africa. The resulting EF of 75.4 ± 15.99 kg year−1 and the EFs calculated from other studies carried out in Africa indicate the need for the further development of region-specific EFs depending on animal breed, livestock systems, feed quantity, and composition to improve the IPCC Tier 1 estimates.