bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Epithelial Cysts of the Anterior Chamber
Authors: Bruner William E , Michels Ronald G , Stark Walter J , Maumenee A Edward 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Epithelial cysts in the anterior chamber are treated only if they obstruct the pupil or cause other serious complications. A closed-eye method is used in aphakic eyes to collapse the cyst and devitalize the epithelial cells using cryotherapy without incising the cyst wall. In phakic eyes, the cyst is dissected away from the cornea and then partially excised through an open-sky approach followed by transscleral cryotherapy to devitalize epithelial remnants. Four of seven eyes operated on with these methods were successfully treated without complications. Persistent cystoid macular edema occurred in two of the other three eyes, and one eye developed a postoperative sheet-like epithelial ingrowth requiring further surgery and resulting in corneal edema. The cyst did not recur in any of these seven eyes.
Use of Stereo Headphones for Patient Relaxation During Cataract Surgery Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Gulledge Sid L , Kline Oram R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The use of stereo headphones to provide relaxing background music to patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anesthesia is described. This technique helps to relieve patient anxiety, reduces the amount of sedative medication required, obscures disturbing operating room noise, and facilitates teaching as the surgeon's comments are not allowed to disturb the patient.
Utilization of a Curved Aspiration-Irrigation Handpiece
Authors: Maida Jerry W 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The safest way to completely remove the cortex from under the iris superiorly is with the angulated aspiration-irrigation handprece. It is recommended that a .3 or .5 handle be utilized in low aspiration. As the instrument is rotated around its axis the opening of the aspiration handpiece is up, the cortex is grasped, and the surgeon is able to stay away from the posterior capsule. The incidence of vitreous loss is markedly reduced.
Lid Lag and Lagophthalmos: A Clarification of Terminology
Authors: Harvey John T , Anderson Richard L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Lid lag, lagophthalmos and von Grafe's sign are useful terms which refer to important clinical signs. Despite the fact that they have discrete meanings, they are often used interchangeably and incorrectly by many ophthalmologists and, therefore, their value has been degraded.
We provide definitions for these commonly used (but often confused) ophthalmic terms: Lagophthalmos is the inability to completely close the eyes; Lid lag is the static situation in which the eyelid is higher than normal with the globe in downgaze; and von Grafe's sign is a dynamic sign describing the retarded descent of the eyelid during movement of the globe from primary position to downgaze.
It is our hope that these terms will be adopted by the ophthalmic community so that precision in definition will lead to clarity of thought and communication.
Late Failure of a Dacryocystorhinostomy from Sarcoidosis
Authors: Weingarten Robert , Goodman Edward F 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A patient with acute bilateral dacryocystitis presumably secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction from sarcoid granulomas is presented. Two patent dacryocystorhinostomies failed after three years due to blockage from sarcoid granulomas. The causes of early and late failure of a dacryocystorhinostomy are discussed.
Iris Incarceration Associated With Digital Ocular Massage
Authors: Segrest David R , Ellis Philip P 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Iris incarceration into the trabeculectomy site occurred in three patients following the use of digital ocular massage to maintain satisfactory aqueous humor filtration. The iris incarceration occurred within the first six weeks after surgery and the institution of ocular massage. There had been no complications at the time of surgery, and immediately postoperatively the iris was in normal position. The success of the trabeculectomies was compromised by the iris incarceration.
Preparation of Intravitreal Drug Doses
Authors: Jeglum Edward L , Rosenberg Stewart B , Benson William E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Due to the narrow therapeutic index of drugs injected into the vitreous cavity, this study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of preparation of an intravitreal drug dose (400 µg/0.1 ml from a stock solution of 40mg/ml) when prepared by pharmacists and physicians using the preparation method each would utilize in a clinical setting and to determine which of nine standard preparation methods is most accurate.
Stripping of Descemet's Membrane After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Kozart David M , Eagle Ralph C 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A case of delayed stromal edema following stripping of Descemet's membrane at the time of filtering surgery is presented. Stripping of Descemet's membrane must be considered in the differential diagnosis of stromal edema, even if the clinical signs occur years after surgery.
Pseudo Vitreous Hemorrhage: A New Intraoperative Complication of Sodium Hyaluronate
Authors: Nirankari Verinder S , Karesh James , Lakhanpal Vinod 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We describe a previously unreported complication associated with the use of sodium hyaluronate in anterior segment surgery. Intraoperative blood trapped between an intact vitreous face and anterior chamber sodium hyaluronate presented as a black pupil which clinically mimicked a vitreous hemorrhage.
Precision Standardization of Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Kramer Steven G , Yavitz Edward Q , Sulonen Jukka 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Radial keratotomy is an experimental surgical procedure being performed in increasingly large numbers, often without carefully designed protocols which meet accepted methodology for clinical research.
This paper presents an instrumentation system which makes it possible to have precise control of the length, depth, and spacing of radial keratotomy incisions.
This is not a paper in favor of radial keratotomy. It raises the need for rigid standardization of the technique with evaluation of the results according to carefully controlled and accepted clinical trial methodology.
Wound Closure in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Dowling Joseph L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Review of a series of cataract incisions closed by synthetic absorbable sutures shows excellent final visual acuity and few complications. However, comparison with a similar series of cataract extractions closed with 10-0 nylon sutures, clearly demonstrates the superiority of the nylon in terms of the amount and axis of astigmatism, the incidence of wound related complications, and the integrity of the wound by gonioscopy.
Posterior Fixation Suture Operation (Fadenoperation)
Authors: Shuckett E Paul , Hiles David A , Biglan Albert W , Evans Donald E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The posterior fixation operation affords the ophthalmologist an additional procedure for the correction of DVD, nystagmus blockage syndrome and abnormal distance/near relationships associated with esodeviations. The authors report that 95% of the patients had improved their control of manifest DVD. The results of surgery for the nystagmus blockage syndrome and abnormal distance/near relationship patients remain inconclusive. The posterior fixation procedure, while technically difficult, may be performed safely by the experienced surgeon. Refinements of the surgical technique are described.
Localization of Suspected Intraocular Foreign Bodies with a Modified Delta 2020 Scanner
Authors: Wilhelm Joseph Lee , Zakov Z Nicholas , Weinstein Meredith A , Berlin Louise A , Zegarra Hernando , Gutman Froncie A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Metallic foreign bodies were localized in seven patients using a modified Delta 2020 scanner. In six of these seven, we compared the localization obtained by sector CT scan with ultrasound. The two methods were found to be complementary, with the sector CT scan giving more positive and more easily interpreted localizations, and ultrasonography giving more detailed soft tissue diagnosis. The new sector CT scanner greatly raised the level of confidence in the localization of metallic foreign bodies; however, we recommend the combined use of both techniques for a complete evaluation.
Incompletely Excised Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Ocular Adnexa
Authors: Wiggs Eugene O 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma of the ocular adnexa is discussed by reviewing the role of surgery, cryosurgery, Mohs' chemosurgery, radiation, and observation in the management of this problem. The ultimate treatment depends upon tumor histology, operability of the lesion, location of the lesion, type of surgery performed, age and general condition of the patient, and extenuating socio-economic variables. What may be optimal treatment for a primary tumor is not necessarily optimal treatment for an incompletely excised tumor because of the risk of converting a minor surgical procedure into a major one and possibly impairing ultimate lid or ocular function via flap or graft compromise or corneal exposure. Th is paper explores the choices available to the surgeon in detail.
Surgical Management of Orbital Implant Extrusion by Implant Placement Posterior to Tenon's Fascia
Authors: Stewart William B , Gratiot James B , Soll David B 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Surgical management of extruded orbital implants by implant placement posterior to Tenon's fascia provides results which are cosmetically satisfactory and offers minimal likelihood of further extrusion, even in the poorest risk patient. A lateral, vertical, posterior Tenon's fascia incision, intraconal placement of a large eyebank sclera wrapped spherical implant, deep undermining of the conjunctiva, and forniceal sutures from implant through Tenon's fascia and conjunctiva may further minimize the risk of implant extrusion and improve cosmesis and motility.
Optic Nerve Retrieval After Enucleation
Authors: Friberg Thomas R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Occasionally a surgeon does not obtain an adequate length of optic nerve during enucleation surgery for a suspected intraocular malignancy. Retrieval of an additional nerve segment can be accomplished rapidly utilizing a glass test tube containing a few milliliters of water as an orbital endoscope. Under direct visualization, the remainder of the optic nerve can be located, grasped with a curved clamp, and sectioned with scissors.
Effects of Argon and Krypton Laser on Experimentally Detached Retinas
Authors: Juarez Claudio P , Peyman Gholam A , Raichand Motilal 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Krypton and argon laser photocoagulation on the foveas and blood vessels of experimentally detached monkey retinas were studied clinicopathologically. In this manner heat transmission from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the overlying sensory retina was avoided,
Krypton lesions bypassed the sensory retina on every occasion to produce major photocoagulative effects at the level of the RPE and choroid. Argon laser wavelengths damaged the overlying retina in the foveal areas as well as in perivascular structures. Although the krypton laser appears preferable for treatment of macular diseases, proper parameters should be used to avoid serious complications.
Aphakic Cystoid Macular Edema in Children After Vitrectomy for Anterior Segment Injuries
Authors: Schulman Joel , Peyman Gholam A , Raichand Motilal , Jednock Norbert 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Twenty-four children had surgery utilizing vitrectomy instrumentation for anterior segment trauma. Lensectomy was performed in 23 of 24 eyes. In each child a pars plicata approach was used. Fluorescein angiography or angioscopy performed two months to seven years after surgery failed to document aphakic cystoid macular edema.
Major Early Complications of Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Levene Ralph 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A complication frequency of 3.1% visual loss and 1.8% emergency glaucoma surgery occurred in 224 and 159 eyes respectively after laser trabeculoplasty. The latter was associated with blacks and advanced cases of glaucoma. Both were highly associated with a 24-hour rise in pressure after laser.
The Effect of Corneal Trephination on Neovascularization
Authors: Groden Lewis R , Cassel Gary H , Laibson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In order to investigate a neural influence on corneal neovascularization, we attempted to induce new vessel growth within a denervated zone produced by trephination. The stimulus for vascularization was cauterization central to the trephined margin. We demonstrated that in corneas denervated and stimulated in this manner neovascularization did not occur. This finding supports our hypothesis of a neural influence on neovascularization.
Endothelial Cell Loss in Different Non-Automated Extracapsular Nuclear Evacuation Techniques and The Role of Sodium Hyaluronate
Authors: Alpar John J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this study the effect of seven different non-automated nuclear evacuation techniques and the role of sodium hyaluronate (Healon®) were evaluated. Thirty-five cats (seven groups) and 140 human patients (seven groups) were included in the study. Each experimental animal and human group was operated using one of the seven non-automated techniques. In each animal, one eye was operated with sodium hyaluronate and the other with Balanced Saline Solution (BSS®). In each human group of 20 patients during cataract extraction and IOL implantation, sodium hyaluronate was used in half of the patients and BSS® was used in the remaining ten. Eyes treated with sodium hyaluronate lost approximately 50% fewer endothelial cells and had approximately 50% less increase in corneal thickness than their counterparts treated with BSS®. Based on the results of the endothelial cell loss and the corneal thickness, it is concluded that the most traumatic used technique was no. 2, followed by that of no. 5. The technique no. 7 may be considered as the most atraumatic of the tested procedures. Sodium hyaluronate effectively protected the endothelium, and its routine use in cataract surgery is recommended.
The Slip Knot for Dacryocystorhinostomy Flap Closure
Authors: Jordan David R , Tse David T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery, anterior and/or posterior flaps are created and anastomosed with absorbable sutures. A prominent nasal bridge and recessed lacrimal crest can often make tying of the suture within a small incision difficult. We have simplified this tying process with the use of a slip knot. The knot is tied external to the incision and then slid into the operative site until the flaps are apposed.
Delivery of Antifibroblast Agents as Adjuncts to Filtration Surgery - Part II: Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil and Bleomycin in a Collagen Implant: Pilot Study in the Rabbit
Authors: Kay Jeffrey S , Litin Bradley S , Jones Mark A , Fryczkowski Andrzej W , Chvapil Milos , Herschler Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A pilot study was performed in order to determine if filtration bleb longevity could be enhanced in rabbits by delivery of 5-fluorouracil or bleomycin in a collagen sponge implant. Results showed that both agents prolonged bleb longevity and lowered intraocular pressure when compared to controls. Bleomycin treated animals had the best bleb appearance and function at the longest postoperative intervals.
Argon Laser Phototherapy of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum
Authors: Awan Khalid J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Argon laser phototherapy Is an alternative new, quick, and effective method of treating Phthiriasis palpebrarum in one sitting. A beam at a setting of 200micron size, 0.1 second time, and 200 mW power is employed to destroy individual adult parasites and nlts. The only drawbacks are an occasional but tolerable stinging and the slicing of the eyelash stems carrying the nit. The eyelashes regain their normal length within a few days.
Wound Dehiscence Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: Lambrou Fred H , Kozarsky Alan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively examined ophthalmic surgery at two teaching hospitals from 1982 to 1985 to determine the incidence, cause, treatment, and outcome of wound dehiscence following cataract surgery. In the 1276 cataract procedures performed during this period, 18 patients (1.4%) underwent repair of wound dehiscence. Thirty-one percent of patients with dehiscence had had cataract extraction on subluxed traumatic cataracts; trauma also caused 69% of the dehiscences. Posterior chamber lenses remained in place in 88% of cases. Seventy-seven percent regained 20/40 or better visual acuity following repair.
A New Surgical Technique for Managing Sunset Syndrome
Authors: Allara R David , Weinstein George W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although inferior subluxation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens following extracapsular cataract extraction (sunset syndrome) occurs infrequently, it is difficult to manage. We describe a new, relatively simple technique for managing subluxated posterior chamber intraocular lenses, in which the lens implant is "dialed" forward into the anterior chamber, bringing its haptics to rest in the chamber angle.
Modification of an Irrigation/Aspiration Handpiece to Provide Visual and Tactile Orientation of the Aspiration Port
Authors: Hagan John C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To perform extracapsular cataract extraction safely the surgeon must know the orientation of the aspiration port of the irrigation/aspiration handpiece at all times. I have modified a commercially available irrigation/aspiration handpiece to allow visual and tactile orientation of the aspiration port even when it is obscured by iris, blood, or cortex.
A New Donor Cornea Marker and Punch For Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Gilbard Jeffrey P , Rothman Richard C , Kenyon Kenneth R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a new device to mark and punch donor corneas for penetrating keratoplasty. The device contains eight marking-suction holes that make circular marks in the periphery of the donor cornea and fix the tissue in position during trephination. The eight peripheral marks correspond in location to meridians of an eight-blade radial keratotomy marker. When used in conjunction with this marker for the host bed, the donor cornea marker facilitates alignment of meridians on donor and host tissues, radial placement of sutures, and quantitative placement of sutures equidistant from the wound margin.
Extending Corneal Storage With 2.5% Chondroitin Sulfate (K-Sol)
Authors: Keates Richard H , Rabin Barry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
K-Sol ™ corneal storage medium maintains corneal viability for at least ten days, compared with McCareyKauf man (M-K) medium, which does so for a reported maximum of three days. Since many eye banks still use M-K medium exclusively, stored corneas must be used without undue delay, and shipping time further hastens the planned surgery time. Transferring the shipped M-K medium-stored cornea to K-Sol offers a simple way of increasing storage time in our eye bank. Ninety-five out of 100 transferred corneas (95%) remained clear 3 to 18 months postoperatively. There were no primary graft failures, and transferred corneal mates were clear.
A comparable series of 100 corneas stored in M-K medium alone, or in K-SoI alone, were clear in 93% and 97% of the transplants. Analysis of donor rims after keratoplasty indicated statistically significantly more endothelial cell loss during storage in corneas transferred to K-SoI compared with 18 corneas preserved only in M-K medium for a similar length of time. There was no statistical significance between the transferred group and the group preserved in only K-Sol.
Transferring M-K medium stored corneas to K-SoI medium may be a useful means of extending corneal storage time, resulting in improved tissue utilization.
Intravitreal Injection of Piperacillin
Authors: Semple H Christopher , Liu James C , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Piperacillin was injected into the vitreous body of rabbit eyes to evaluate its suitability for intraocular injection and its toxicity on intraocular tissues. Doses ranged from 50 µg to 3,000 µg. Toxicity was determined through histology and electroretinograms by comparing the piperacillin-injected eyes with eyes injected with balanced saline solution. Retinal toxicity was noted in the outer layer of the retina when 3,000 µg was injected intravrtreally. No toxicity was noted by histology with 1,500 µg of piperacillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of piperacillin is 800 µg/cc for both gram negative and gram positive organisms. The large dose of intravitreal piperacillin tolerated by rabbit eyes makes piperacillin a potentially safe and effective broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in human eyes.
Technique of Intraocular Lens Placement to Facilitate Graft Survival in Pseudophakic Eyes
Authors: Alpar John J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A relatively simple and effective method is described for suturing the haptics of a posterior chamber lens to the iris when there is no capsular support to keep the lens in place. A thin plastic strip is used to keep the lens body in the front of the iris and to elevate the haptics for easier localization and placement of McCanneltype sutures.
Transient Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and Contralateral Amaurosis After Retrobulbar Anesthetic Injection
Authors: Brod Roy D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A transient, ipsilateral central retinal artery occlusion and contralateral amaurosis developed following retrobulbar injection of 2% lidocaine and 0.75% bupivacaine. A computerized tomography scan obtained 1 Vz hours following the injection demonstrated an air bubble within the i psilateral optic nerve sheath. This case further supports the view that intranerve sheath injection can cause these two complications associated with retrobulbar anesthesia.
Cyanoacrylate Fixed Silicone Sheet in Medial Blowout Fracture Repair
Authors: Seiff Stuart R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Indications for medial blowout fracture repair may include persistent diplopia due to entrapped orbital contents or enophthalmos. In such cases a barrier must be placed along the medial orbital wall to prevent recurrence of entrapment and to minimize enophthalmos. Firm fixation of these barriers may be technically difficult. In seven patients silicons sheets were fixed in place along the medial orbital wall with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate cement. These patients have done well postoperatively with a mean time since surgery of 21 months.
Retinal Tacks: Tolerance and Tissue Reaction in a Human Eye
Authors: Tripathi Ramesh C , Pon David M , Levine Robert A , Tripathi Brenda J , Falckh Robert C F , Moffat Kenneth P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the h isto pathologic findings in a human eye enucleated after insertion of three nonmagnetic, metallic alloy tacks for treatment of a giant retinal detachment. Five months after surgery one of the tacks was detected in the anterior chamber. Two tacks remained in situ and induced a localized glial reaction, breaks in Bruch's membrane, disappearance of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris immediately around the tack, and a variable extent of chorioretinal adhesion. The penetration of the tacks in the choroid and sclera was associated with a localized scar and only a mild inflammatory reaction, but all tacks themselves were free of inflammatory cells and degradation. The two tacks remaining in place were tolerated by the posterior segment. After comparing and contrasting our findings with those documented in the rabbit model, we conclude that overcoming dislodgement problems will require improved insertion techniques and tack design.