bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situating language in a minimal social context: how seeing a picture of the speaker’s face affects language comprehension
Authors: Hernández-Gutiérrez David , Muñoz Francisco , Sánchez-García Jose , Sommer Werner , Abdel Rahman Rasha , Casado Pilar , Jiménez-Ortega Laura , Espuny Javier , Fondevila Sabela , Martín-Loeches Manuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Natural use of language involves at least two individuals. Some studies have focused on the interaction between senders in communicative situations and how the knowledge about the speaker can bias language comprehension. However, the mere effect of a face as a social context on language processing remains unknown. In the present study, we used event-related potentials to investigate the semantic and morphosyntactic processing of speech in the presence of a photographic portrait of the speaker. In Experiment 1, we show that the N400, a component related to semantic comprehension, increased its amplitude when processed within this minimal social context compared to a scrambled face control condition. Hence, the semantic neural processing of speech is sensitive to the concomitant perception of a picture of the speaker’s face, even if irrelevant to the content of the sentences. Moreover, a late posterior negativity effect was found to the presentation of the speaker’s face compared to control stimuli. In contrast, in Experiment 2, we found that morphosyntactic processing, as reflected in left anterior negativity and P600 effects, is not notably affected by the presence of the speaker’s portrait. Overall, the present findings suggest that the mere presence of the speaker’s image seems to trigger a minimal communicative context, increasing processing resources for language comprehension at the semantic level.
Application of HACCP on the small‐scale manufacture of a food product (pudding)
Authors: Almalky Sumaiah 
Published: January 2021

This study provides an HACCP process for the small‐scale production of a milk‐based pudding. For this purpose, the CCP was determined by measuring the bacterial content of a milk based pudding using technical procedures. In Saudi Arabia, the milk‐based pudding is eaten by Saudis as dessert during Ramadan, either in restaurants or at home. This paper presents the HACCP system for a cooked pudding, which is ready to eat. The PCA media, TVC media and SAB media were used to detect contamination in the pudding and to test its shelf life. The pH value determines the critical limit that is safe for puddings. The pudding was cooked in the laboratory using different tests to control the CCPs. The pudding samples were tested at four different temperatures − 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C – and the cooked sample was tested at 70°C over ten days of storage at 5°C. The best pudding, that containing the fewest organisms, was the one tested at 70°C after two days of storage at 5°C. The pudding cooked at the lowest temperature, 60°C, was found to have the highest amount of contamination. The samples of PCA media and SAB media were analysed at 30°C in 48‐hour storage, however, the sample of TVC media was analysed and stored at room temperature to assess the microbial growth. This study encourages use of the HACCP system to improve the quality of food products and health care for people.Support or Funding InformationSupervisor: Lydia Campbell
A Cost-effective 3D Printed Antibiotic Spacer for Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee: A Case Report
Authors: Harna Bushu , Kumar Raj , Tomar Shekhar , Meena Abhay , Maini Lalit 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
The 3-dimensional (D) printed customized bone cement spacer molds provide a single solution to various difficulties faced during the first stage of 2-stage exchange revision knee arthroplasty in periprosthetic joint infection.

Materials and Methods:
A 60-year-old lady presented with periprosthetic joint infection of the knee. The spacer molds were designed using computer-aided-design (CAD) software and intraoperatively antibiotic spacer was formed after assessing the bone gaps at a very low price ($100).

Results:
The infection was eradicated for over 3 months. The spacer was designed perfectly to the bone gaps and bone defects leading to proper gap balancing and wound closure.

Conclusions:
The CAD-articulating spacer helps to reduce the complexity of the surgical procedure. 3D printing provides a cost-effective measure to tackle such complex surgeries. The CAD-articulating spacer gives a futuristic guiding tool using 3D printing to make the surgery easier and more effective.
Contrast blush on CT is a poor predictor of active bleeding on pelvic angiography
Authors: Do Andrew S. , Childs Benjamin R. , Gael Sarah , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Determine if contrast extravasation (CE) on computed tomography (CT), also called CT blush, is a reliable predictor of clinically relevant arterial bleeding from pelvic ring injury.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Single level I trauma center.

Patients/participants:
A total of 189 patients who underwent pelvic angiography between 1999 and 2015.

Intervention:
Demographic and injury data, including Young–Burgess fracture classification, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and clinical data including hypotension and heart rate upon presentation were recorded. Charts, radiographs, and interventional radiology reports and studies were reviewed.

Main outcome measurements:
CE on CT scan was noted from reports. Angiography studies were reviewed for active arterial bleeding.

Results:
Mean age was 49 years, with 64% male. CE was noted in 111 patients (66%), with increasing frequency over the study period. Patients under age 55 were less likely to have CE (P < .001). GCS was higher and ISS lower in patients with CE (both P < .05). For CE as predictor of active bleeding, sensitivity was 67%, specificity 34%, and positive predictive value (PPV) was 58% (P = .95). For CE as predictor of overall mortality, the sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were 67%, 33%, and 16%, respectively (P = 1.0). However, hypotension had sensitivity of 83% for active bleeding and 97% for mortality, both P < .001.

Conclusions:
While CT blush was neither a sensitive nor specific predictor of active bleeding on pelvic angiography, hypotension was a sensitive indicator of both bleeding and mortality. These findings suggest that CE is not an independently sufficient indication for pelvic angiography.
Level of Evidence: Level III
Visually Estimated RESOLVE Score Based on Coronary Computed Tomography to Predict Side Branch Occlusion in Percutaneous Bifurcation Intervention
Authors: Michalowska Anna M. , Grodecki Kajetan , Staruch Adam D. , Kepka Cezary , Wolny Rafal , Pregowski Jerzy , Kruk Mariusz , Debski Mariusz , Debski Artur , Michalowska Ilona , Witkowski Adam , Opolski Maksymilian P. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The quantitative RESOLVE (Risk prEdiction of Side branch OccLusion in coronary bifurcation interVEntion) score derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) was developed as a noninvasive and accurate prediction tool for side branch (SB) occlusion in coronary bifurcation intervention. We aimed to determine the ability of a visually estimated CTA-derived RESOLVE score (V-RESOLVE score) to predict SB occlusion in coronary bifurcation intervention.

Materials and Methods:
The present study included 363 patients with 400 bifurcation lesions. CTA-derived V-RESOLVE score was derived and compared with the quantitative CTA-derived RESOLVE score. The scoring systems were divided into quartiles, and classified as the high-risk and non–high-risk groups. SB occlusion was defined as any decrease in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade after main vessel stenting.

Results:
In total, 28 SB occlusions (7%) occurred. The concordance between visual and quantitative CTA analysis showed poor to excellent agreement (weighted κ range: 0.099 to 0.867). The area under the receiver operating curve for the prediction of SB occlusion was significantly higher for the CTA-derived V-RESOLVE score than for quantitative CTA-derived RESOLVE score (0.792 vs. 0.709, P=0.049). The total net reclassification index was 42.7% (P=0.006), and CTA-derived V-RESOLVE score showed similar capability to discriminate between high-risk group (18.6% vs. 13.8%, P=0.384) and non–high-risk group (3.8% vs. 4.9%, P=0.510) as compared with quantitative CTA-derived RESOLVE score.

Conclusions:
Visually estimated CTA-derived V-RESOLVE score is an accurate and easy-to-use prediction tool for the stratification of SB occlusion in coronary bifurcation intervention.
Psychological Legacies of Intergenerational Trauma under South African Apartheid: Prenatal Stress Predicts Increased Psychiatric Morbidity during Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Kim Andrew Wooyoung , Mohamed Rihlat Said , Norris Shane A. , Richter Linda M. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSouth Africa’s rates of psychiatric morbidity are among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa and are foregrounded by the country’s long history of political violence during apartheid. Recent evidence suggests that maternal trauma during gestation may intergenerationally impact the developing fetus and elevate the future child’s risk for psychiatric disease. We aim to evaluate the intergenerational effects of prenatal stress experienced during apartheid on late adolescent psychiatric morbidity and also assess the potential ameliorative effects of prenatal social support.MethodParticipants (n = 1051) come from Birth-to-Twenty, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest peri-urban township which was the epicenter of violent repression and resistance during the final years of the apartheid regime. Pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in 1990 and completed questionnaires assessing social experiences, and their children’s psychiatric morbidity were assessed at age 17-18.ResultsFull data were available from 304 mother-child pairs in 2007-8. Pregnant women who experienced worse traumatic stress in 1990 had children who exhibited greater psychiatric morbidity during late adolescence. This relationship was only significant, however, among children born to younger mothers and adolescents who experienced greater concurrent stress. Social support did not buffer the long-term impacts of prenatal stress on future psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionGreater prenatal stress predicted adverse psychiatric outcomes among children born to younger mothers and adolescents who experienced greater concurrent stress. Our findings suggest that prenatal stress may affect adolescent mental health, have stress-sensitizing effects, and represent possible intergenerational effects of trauma experienced under apartheid in this sample.
A Serology Strategy for Epidemiological Studies Based on the Comparison of the Performance of Seven Different Test Systems - The Representative COVID-19 Cohort Munich
Authors: Olbrich Laura , Castelletti Noemi , Schälte Yannik , Garí Mercè , Pütz Peter , Bakuli Abhishek , Pritsch Michael , Kroidl Inge , Saathoff Elmar , Noller Jessica Michelle Guggenbuehl , Fingerle Volker , Le Gleut Ronan , Gilberg Leonard , Brand Isabel , Falk Philine , Markgraf Alisa , Deák Flora , Riess Friedrich , Diefenbach Max , Eser Tabea , Weinauer Franz , Martin Silke , Quenzel Ernst-Markus , Becker Marc , Durner Jürgen , Girl Philipp , Müller Katharina , Radon Katja , Fuchs Christiane , Wölfel Roman , Hasenauer Jan , Hoelscher Michael , Wieser Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerosurveys are essential to understand SARS-CoV-2 exposure and enable population-level surveillance, but currently available tests need further in-depth evaluation. We aimed to identify testing-strategies by comparing seven seroassays in a population-based cohort.MethodsWe analysed 6,658 samples consisting of true-positives (n=193), true-negatives (n=1,091), and specimens of unknown status (n=5,374). For primary testing, we used Euroimmun-Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA-IgA/IgG and Roche-Elecsys-Anti-SARS-CoV-2; and virus-neutralisation, GeneScript®cPass™, VIRAMED-SARS-CoV-2-ViraChip®, and Mikrogen-recomLine-SARS-CoV-2-IgG, including common-cold CoVs, for confirmatory testing. Statistical modelling generated optimised assay cut-off-thresholds.FindingsSensitivity of Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA was 64.8%, specificity 93.3%; for Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgG, sensitivity was 77.2/79.8% (manufacturer’s/optimised cut-offs), specificity 98.0/97.8%; Roche-anti-N sensitivity was 85.5/88.6%, specificity 99.8/99.7%. In true-positives, mean and median titres remained stable for at least 90-120 days after RT-PCR-positivity. Of true-positives with positive RT-PCR (<30 days), 6.7% did not mount detectable seroresponses. Virus-neutralisation was 73.8% sensitive, 100.0% specific (1:10 dilution). Neutralisation surrogate tests (GeneScript®cPass™, Mikrogen-recomLine-RBD) were >94.9% sensitive, >98.1% specific. Seasonality had limited effects; cross-reactivity with common-cold CoVs 229E and NL63 in SARS-CoV-2 true-positives was significant.ConclusionOptimised cut-offs improved test performances of several tests. Non-reactive serology in true-positives was uncommon. For epidemiological purposes, confirmatory testing with virus-neutralisation may be replaced with GeneScript®cPass™ or recomLine-RBD. Head-to-head comparisons given here aim to contribute to the refinement of testing-strategies for individual and public health use.
A large-scale neural network training framework for generalized estimation of single-trial population dynamics
Authors: Keshtkaran Mohammad Reza , Sedler Andrew R. , Chowdhury Raeed H. , Tandon Raghav , Basrai Diya , Nguyen Sarah L. , Sohn Hansem , Jazayeri Mehrdad , Miller Lee E. , Pandarinath Chethan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent technical advances have enabled recording of increasingly large populations of neural activity, even during natural, unstructured behavior. Deep sequential autoencoders are the current state-of-the-art for uncovering dynamics from these datasets. However, these highly complex models include many non-trainable hyperparameters (HPs) that are typically hand tuned with reference to supervisory information (e.g., behavioral data). This process is cumbersome and time consuming and biases model selection toward models with good representations of individual supervisory variables. Additionally, it cannot be applied to cognitive areas or unstructured tasks for which supervisory information is unavailable. Here we demonstrate AutoLFADS, an automated model-tuning framework that can characterize dynamics using only neural data, without the need for supervisory information. This enables inference of dynamics out-of-the-box in diverse brain areas and behaviors, which we demonstrate on several datasets: motor cortex during free-paced reaching, somatosensory cortex during reaching with perturbations, and dorsomedial frontal cortex during cognitive timing tasks. We also provide a cloud software package and comprehensive tutorials that enable new users to apply the method without dedicated computing resources.
Single-cell analysis of colonic epithelium reveals unexpected shifts in cellular composition and molecular phenotype in treatment-naïve adult Crohn’s disease
Authors: Kanke Matt , Kennedy Meaghan M. , Connelly Sean , Schaner Matthew , Shanahan Michael T. , Wolber Elisabeth A. , Beasley Caroline , Lian Grace , Jain Animesh , Long Millie D. , Barnes Edward L. , Herfarth Hans H. , Isaacs Kim L. , Hansen Jonathan J. , Kapadia Muneera , Gaston Guillem José , Furey Terrence S. , Sheikh Shehzad Z. , Sethupathy Praveen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe intestinal epithelial barrier is comprised of a monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that are critical in maintaining gut mucosal homeostasis. Dysfunction within various IEC fractions can increase intestinal permeability, resulting in a chronic and debilitating condition known as Crohn’s disease (CD). Defining the molecular changes in each IEC type in CD will contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenic processes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Here we performed, for the first time at single-cell resolution, a direct comparison of the colonic epithelial cellular and molecular landscape between treatment-naïve adult CD and non-IBD control patients. Our analysis revealed that in CD patients there is a significant skew in the colonic epithelial cellular distribution away from canonicalLGR5+ stem cells, located at the crypt-bottom, and toward one specific subtype of mature colonocytes, located at the crypt-top. Further analysis revealed unique changes to gene expression programs in every major cell type, including a previously undescribed suppression in CD of most enteroendocrine driver genes as well as L-cell markers includingGCG. We also dissect a previously poorly understoodSPIB+ cell cluster, revealing at least four sub-clusters that exhibit unique features. One of theseSPIB+ sub-clusters expresses crypt-top colonocyte markers and is significantly up-regulated in CD, whereas another sub-cluster strongly expresses and stains positive for lysozyme (albeit no other canonical Paneth cell marker), which surprisingly is greatly reduced in expression in CD. Finally, through integration with data from genome-wide association studies, we show that genes implicated in CD risk exhibit heretofore unknown cell-type specific patterns of aberrant expression in CD, providing unprecedented insight into the potential biological functions of these genes.
In vivo structure and dynamics of the RNA genome of SARS-Cov-2
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Kun , Xie Dejian , Lau Jian You , Shen Wenlong , Li Ping , Wang Dong , Zou Zhong , Shi Shu , Ren Hongguang , Jin Meilin , Kudla Grzegorz , Zhao Zhihu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic, is one of the largest positive strand RNA viruses. Here we developed a simplified SPLASH assay and comprehensively mapped the in vivo RNA-RNA interactome of SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the viral life cycle. We observed canonical and alternative structures including3’-UTR and5’-UTR, frameshifting element (FSE) pseudoknot and genome cyclization in cells and in virions. We provide direct evidence of interactions between Transcription Regulating Sequences (TRS-L and TRS-Bs), which facilitate discontinuous transcription. In addition, we reveal alternative short and long distance arches around FSE, forming a “high-order pseudoknot” embedding FSE, which might help ribosome stalling at frameshift sites. More importantly, we found that within virions, while SARS-CoV-2 genome RNA undergoes intensive compaction, genome cyclization is weakened and genome domains remain stable. Our data provides a structural basis for the regulation of replication, discontinuous transcription and translational frameshifting, describes dynamics of RNA structures during life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, and will help to develop antiviral strategies.
A touch of hierarchy. Population Receptive Fields reveal fingertip integration in Brodmann areas in human primary somatosensory cortex
Authors: Schellekens W. , Thio M. , Badde S. , Winawer J. , Ramsey N. , Petridou N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral neuroimaging studies have shown the somatotopy of body part representations in primary somatosensory cortex (S1), but the functional hierarchy of distinct subregions in human S1 has not been adequately addressed. The current study investigates the functional hierarchy of cyto-architectonically distinct regions, Brodmann areas BA3, BA1, and BA2, in human S1. During functional MRI experiments, we presented participants with vibrotactile stimulation of the fingertips at 3 different vibration frequencies. Using population Receptive Field (pRF) modeling of the fMRI BOLD activity, we identified the hand region in S1 and the somatotopy of the fingertips. For each voxel, the pRF center indicates the finger that most effectively drives the BOLD signal, and the pRF size measures the spatial somatic pooling of fingertips. We find a systematic relationship of pRF sizes from lower-order areas to higher-order areas. Specifically, we found that pRF sizes are smallest in BA3, increase slightly towards BA1, and are largest in BA2, paralleling the increase in visual receptive field size as one ascends the visual hierarchy. Additionally, we find that the time-to-peak of the hemodynamic response in BA3 is roughly 0.5s earlier compared to BA1 and BA2, further supporting the notion of a functional hierarchy of subregions in S1. These results were obtained during stimulation of different mechanoreceptors, suggesting that different afferent fibers leading up to S1 feed into the same cortical hierarchy.
A comprehensive score reflecting memory-related fMRI activations and deactivations as potential biomarker for neurocognitive aging
Authors: Soch Joram , Richter Anni , Schütze Hartmut , Kizilirmak Jasmin M. , Assmann Anne , Behnisch Gusalija , Feldhoff Hannah , Fischer Larissa , Heil Julius , Knopf Lea , Merkel Christian , Raschick Matthias , Schietke Clara-Johanna , Schult Annika , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Yakupov Renat , Ziegler Gabriel , Wiltfang Jens , Düzel Emrah , Schott Björn H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOlder adults and particularly those at risk for developing dementia typically show a decline in episodic memory performance, which has been associated with altered memory network activity detectable via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To quantify the degree of these alterations, a score has been developed as a putative imaging biomarker for successful aging in memory for older adults (Functional Activity Deviations during Encoding, FADE; Düzel et al., 2011). Here, we introduce and validate a more comprehensive version of the FADE score, termed FADE-SAME (Similarity of Activations during Memory Encoding), which differs from the original FADE score by considering not only activations but also deactivations in fMRI contrasts of stimulus novelty and successful encoding, and by taking into account the variance of young adults’ activations. We computed both scores for novelty and subsequent memory contrasts in a cohort of 217 healthy adults, including 106 young and 111 older participants, as well as a replication cohort of 117 young subjects. We further tested the stability and generalizability of both scores by controlling for different MR scanners and gender, as well as by using different data sets of young adults as reference samples. Both scores showed robust age-group-related differences for the subsequent memory contrast, and the FADE-SAME score additionally exhibited age-group-related differences for the novelty contrast. Furthermore, both scores correlate with behavioral measures of cognitive aging, namely memory performance. Taken together, our results suggest that single-value scores of memory-related fMRI responses may constitute promising biomarkers for quantifying neurocognitive aging.