bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer disease 2020
Authors: Kamada Tomoari , Satoh Kiichi , Itoh Toshiyuki , Ito Masanori , Iwamoto Junichi , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Kanno Takeshi , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Chiba Toshimi , Nomura Sachiyo , Mieda Mitsuyo , Hiraishi Hideyuki , Yoshino Junji , Takagi Atsushi , Watanabe Sumio , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) revised the third edition of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer disease in 2020 and created an English version. The revised guidelines consist of nine items: epidemiology, hemorrhagic gastric and duodenal ulcers, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy, non-eradication therapy, drug-induced ulcers, non-H. pylori, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ulcers, remnant gastric ulcers, surgical treatment, and conservative therapy for perforation and stenosis. Therapeutic algorithms for the treatment of peptic ulcers differ based on ulcer complications. In patients with NSAID-induced ulcers, NSAIDs are discontinued and anti-ulcer therapy is administered. If NSAIDs cannot be discontinued, the ulcer is treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Vonoprazan (VPZ) with antibiotics is recommended as the first-line treatment for H. pylori eradication, and PPIs or VPZ with antibiotics is recommended as a second-line therapy. Patients who do not use NSAIDs and are H. pylori negative are considered to have idiopathic peptic ulcers. Algorithms for the prevention of NSAID- and low-dose aspirin (LDA)-related ulcers are presented in this guideline. These algorithms differ based on the concomitant use of LDA or NSAIDs and ulcer history or hemorrhagic ulcer history. In patients with a history of ulcers receiving NSAID therapy, PPIs with or without celecoxib are recommended and the administration of VPZ is suggested for the prevention of ulcer recurrence. In patients with a history of ulcers receiving LDA therapy, PPIs or VPZ are recommended and the administration of a histamine 2-receptor antagonist is suggested for the prevention of ulcer recurrence.
Techno-economic assessment of microalgae cultivation in a tubular photobioreactor for food in a humid continental climate
Authors: Schade S. , Meier T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFish as the primary source for the essential n − 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) cannot cover the global demand for these important nutrients resulting in a supply gap of currently 1.1 million tons of EPA + DHA annually. A further exploitation of natural fish stocks is linked to great damage to ecosystems. Oleaginous microalgae are a natural source for EPA and DHA and could possibly contribute to closing this gap. The cultivation in photobioreactors (PBR) in a ‘cold-weather’ climate showed that microalgae compare favorably to aquaculture fish. The present study assesses the economic potential of microalgae for food in such system model. Techno-economic assessment was conducted on the basis of a dynamic system model for the cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. in industrial scale in Central Germany over a time span of 30 years. The net present value (NPV) and return-on-investment (ROI) were obtained for a number of scenarios in which technic and economic parameters were altered. Taking the size of the PBR considered into account, the cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. yielded a positive NPV of EUR 4.5 million after 30 years which translates to an annualized ROI of 1.87%. The sensitivity analysis overall resulted in annualized ROIs between 1.12 and 2.47%. Major expenditures comprised the PBR infrastructure, maintenance and labor cost. An extended cultivation season by four weeks was responsible for an NPV surplus of almost one third (32%). An increase in the selling price by 15% was responsible for a 47% higher NPV. In comparison with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raised in aquaculture, EPA from Nannochloropsis sp. resulted in about halved cultivation costs (− 44 to − 60%). In this study we could show that microalgae from photoautotrophic cultivation not only have the potential to supply humans with essential nutrients, but they are also a lucrative investment, even in a ‘cold-weather’ climate where cultivation cannot take place year round.
Graphic abstract
The Radiology Virtual Reading Room: During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yacoub Joseph H. , Swanson Carl E. , Jay Ann K. , Cooper Cirrelda , Spies James , Krishnan Pranay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the radiology reading room with a potentially lasting impact. This disruption could introduce the risk of obviating the need for the reading room, which would be detrimental to many of the roles of radiology that occur in and around the reading room. This disruption could also create the opportunity for accelerated evolution of the reading room to meet the strategic needs of radiology and health care through thoughtful re-design of the virtual reading room. In this article, we overview the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology in our institution and across the country, specifically on the dynamics of the radiology reading room. We introduce the concept of the virtual reading room, which is a redesigned alternative to the physical reading room that can serve the diverse needs of radiology and healthcare during and beyond the pandemic.
Reconstruction of full thickness wounds using glyaderm in a single-staged procedure
Authors: de Henau Melissa , Kruit Anne Sophie , Ulrich Dietmar J. O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In large full-thickness skin defects, donor site morbidity limits the available thickness and surface of skin autografts and therefore only split-thickness skin grafts are possible for reconstruction. Dermal equivalents can be added to these split-thickness grafts to acquire an anatomically better skin reconstruction. Glyaderm is a human derived, acellular dermis and up until now has only been used in a two-staged procedure. This report describes results of a case series using Glyaderm and split-thickness skin grafts in a single-staged procedure.

Methods
Glyaderm was introduced in 2017 in Radboudumc (Nijmegen, The Netherlands). Glyaderm and autologous split-skin grafts were simultaneously applied to the wounds. In cases with large wound surfaces or wounds covering highly mobile areas, negative pressure wound therapy was additionally applied. The first ten cases were followed with regular intervals post-operatively, assessing graft take, scar appearance, post-operative wound problems and re-interventions.

Results
Patients were aged 3 weeks to 76 years-old. Treated skin surface varied from 1–16% total body surface. Wounds resulted from trauma (n = 4), burns (n = 4) or soft tissue infections (n = 2). Follow-up varied from 4 months to 1.5 years. No complications occurred after surgery. Average take rate was 98%. Two patients had a later re-intervention to further improve the aesthetic appearance of the scarred area.

Conclusion
Our first results with the application of Glyaderm in a single-staged procedure provided good healing, graft take and scar appearance. Glyaderm was found a suitable dermal substitute in the treatment of full thickness wounds.
Automated patch assessment for program repair at scale
Authors: Ye He , Martinez Matias , Monperrus Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we do automatic correctness assessment for patches generated by program repair systems. We consider the human-written patch as ground truth oracle and randomly generate tests based on it, a technique proposed by Shamshiri et al., called Random testing with Ground Truth (RGT) in this paper. We build a curated dataset of 638 patches for Defects4J generated by 14 state-of-the-art repair systems, we evaluate automated patch assessment on this dataset. The results of this study are novel and significant: First, we improve the state of the art performance of automatic patch assessment with RGT by 190% by improving the oracle; Second, we show that RGT is reliable enough to help scientists to do overfitting analysis when they evaluate program repair systems; Third, we improve the external validity of the program repair knowledge with the largest study ever.
Optimal patient protocols in regional acute stroke care
Authors: Garcia B. L. , Bekker R. , van der Mei R. D. , Chavannes N. H. , Kruyt N. D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn acute stroke care two proven reperfusion treatments exist: (1) a blood thinner and (2) an interventional procedure. The interventional procedure can only be given in a stroke centre with specialized facilities. Rapid initiation of either is key to improving the functional outcome (often emphasized by the common phrase in acute stroke care “time=brain”). Delays between the moment the ambulance is called and the initiation of one or both reperfusion treatment(s) should therefore be as short as possible. The speed of the process strongly depends on five factors: patient location, regional patient allocation by emergency medical services (EMS), travel times of EMS, treatment locations, and in-hospital delays. Regional patient allocation by EMS and treatment locations are sub-optimally configured in daily practice. Our aim is to construct a mathematical model for the joint decision of treatment locations and allocation of acute stroke patients in a region, such that the time until treatment is minimized. We describe acute stroke care as a multi-flow two-level hierarchical facility location problem and the model is formulated as a mixed integer linear program. The objective of the model is the minimization of the total time until treatment in a region and it incorporates volume-dependent in-hospital delays. The resulting model is used to gain insight in the performance of practically oriented patient allocation protocols, used by EMS. We observe that the protocol of directly driving to the nearest stroke centre with special facilities (i.e., the mothership protocol) performs closest to optimal, with an average total time delay that is 3.9% above optimal. Driving to the nearest regional stroke centre (i.e., the drip-and-ship protocol) is on average 8.6% worse than optimal. However, drip-and-ship performs better than the mothership protocol in rural areas and when a small fraction of the population (at most 30%) requires the second procedure, assuming sufficient patient volumes per stroke centre. In the experiments, the time until treatment using the optimal model is reduced by at most 18.9 minutes per treated patient. In economical terms, assuming 150 interventional procedures per year, the value of medical intervention in acute stroke can be improved upon up to € 1,800,000 per year.
Enhanced Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect of GaAs-Based P-N Junctions in the Terahertz Range
Authors: Miyagawa Keita , Nagai Masaya , Ashida Masaaki , Kim Changsu , Akiyama Hidefumi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate that the magneto-optical Kerr effect at normal incidence in the terahertz (THz) frequency range is useful for evaluating carrier transport properties of particular layers of a p-n junction. Since a single p-type thin film only exhibits a small magneto-optical Kerr effect, magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy cannot be used to determine the carrier densities of such a film with high sensitivity. However, because the electric field is enhanced at the p-layer in a p-n junction due to the interference between the THz waves that are reflected at the highly doped substrate and the p-layer at the surface, it is possible to conduct magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy with a higher sensitivity. We numerically calculate and experimentally determine the spectra of the ellipticity and polarization rotation angles for single n- and p-GaAs epitaxial layers and GaAs-based photovoltaic devices with a p-i-n structure and evaluate the carrier densities of the n- and p-layers. At normal incidence, this method has a high spatial resolution, which is beneficial for imaging of large-area devices.
Computer Says I Don’t Know: An Empirical Approach to Capture Moral Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Martinho Andreia , Kroesen Maarten , Chorus Caspar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs AI Systems become increasingly autonomous, they are expected to engage in decision-making processes that have moral implications. In this research we integrate theoretical and empirical lines of thought to address the matters of moral reasoning and moral uncertainty in AI Systems. We reconceptualize the metanormative framework for decision-making under moral uncertainty and we operationalize it through a latent class choice model. The core idea being that moral heterogeneity in society can be codified in terms of a small number of classes with distinct moral preferences and that this codification can be used to express moral uncertainty of an AI. Choice analysis allows for the identification of classes and their moral preferences based on observed choice data. Our reformulation of the metanormative framework is theory-rooted and practical in the sense that it avoids runtime issues in real time applications. To illustrate our approach we conceptualize a society in which AI Systems are in charge of making policy choices. While one of the systems uses a baseline morally certain model, the other uses a morally uncertain model. We highlight cases in which the AI Systems disagree about the policy to be chosen, thus illustrating the need to capture moral uncertainty in AI systems.
Echoes of Eriugena in the Old English Boethius
Authors: Ponirakis Eleni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article identifies a passage from Eriugena’sPeriphyseonas a source for an interpolation in theOld English Boethius. The interpolation introduces an unambiguous reference to the Neoplatonic idea ofreditus, the return of all created creatures to God. This is not the first such evidence of Neoplatonic ideas in Old English texts and the article explores the significance of this new identification as further evidence for the presence of eastern mystical traditions in early English monastic and courtly circles, challenging the idea that English mysticism began in the Middle English period.
“At Least I Tried”: Swedish Police Officers’ Experiences of Meeting with Women Who Were Raped
Authors: Rudolfsson Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInteractions with police officers are of great importance as to how the reporting raped woman continues to process what has happened. The focus of this study was on police officers’ experiences regarding contact with women who report rape. Sixteen officers participated in focus groups, and the data were subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Participants stressed their wish to be supportive and empathic, but also their lack of support and prerequisites, e.g., lack of amenities in interrogation rooms. They felt frustrated and described their work as “trying” rather than succeeding. If unaddressed, such shortcomings risk negatively affecting both police officers and victims.
Meeting a person with pedophilia: Attitudes towards pedophilia among psychology students: A pilot study
Authors: Heron Rebecca L. , Schwiekert Lena , Karsten Julie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPeople with pedophilia (PWP) are highly stigmatized. Public opinion is strongly pre-consolidated – it is often assumed that every PWP commits child sex offenses. This presumption not only affects PWP negatively. Research suggests that this stigmatization may cohere with PWP actually committing child sex offenses. Various recent studies have investigated different kinds of anti-stigma interventions and their effectiveness. Direct contact to a PWP has not yet been investigated. The present pilot study aimed at finding out whether a dichotomous anti-stigma intervention can change psychology students’ attitudes towards PWP regarding perceived dangerousness, intentionality, deviance, and punitive attitudes. In a one sample pre-post design, we presented 162 students of the University of Groningen with both an educational lecture and direct contact to a PWP. Participants learned about child sex offending and pedophilia. Then, Gabriel, a PWP shared his experiences about growing up, coping, and living with pedophilia. Results of the one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significantly diminished negative attitudes towards PWP after the intervention. Students perceived PWP as less dangerous, having less intent, and being less psychologically deviant. Additionally, students’ punitive attitudes towards PWP diminished significantly. Also, a thematic analysis revealed that students were highly interested in the topic of pedophilia and greatly appreciative of Gabriel sharing his story. This pilot study was the first to provide evidence for the effectiveness of a combination of an educational lecture and direct contact to a PWP as an anti-stigma intervention.
Factors associated with the quitting intention among Chinese adults: Application of protection motivation theory
Authors: Lin Hao-xiang , Chang Chun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to examine the use of protection motivation theory (PMT) in explaining smokers’ quitting intentions among Chinese adults with the goal of providing valuable evidence to promote theory-guided and culturally appropriate cessation interventions. This cross-sectional study included 613 participants randomly selected from 26 provinces in Mainland China. Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of individual PMT constructs. A multiple linear regression was used for the multivariable analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the 23 items was 0.74. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of all the subscales varied from 0.71 to 0.74. Stronger quitting intentions were significantly associated with higher perceived vulnerability (Coef. = 0.13, P < 0.01), self-efficacy (Coef. = 0.28, P < 0.01), and response efficacy (Coef. = 0.23, P < 0.01) but inversely associated with intrinsic rewards (Coef. = −0.15, P < 0.01). Greater quitting intentions were significantly associated with higher threat (Coef. = 0.19, P < 0.01) and coping appraisals (Coef. = 0.25, P < 0.01). Regarding behaviour, longer quitting attempts were significantly associated only with self-efficacy (Coef. = 0.13, P < 0.01) and response cost (Coef. = −0.18, P < 0.01) Our results confirmed the applicability of PMT for predicting the quitting intention in Chinese adults. Self-efficacy is the only factor that has a predictive effect on both the intention and behaviour. To improve the effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions, specific attention should be directed during their design to the more influential PMT constructs.
The Prognostic Value of a Validated and Automated Intravascular Ultrasound-Derived Calcium Score
Authors: Neleman Tara , Liu Shengnan , Tovar Forero Maria N. , Hartman Eline M. J. , Ligthart Jurgen M. R. , Witberg Karen T. , Cummins Paul , Zijlstra Felix , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Boersma Eric , van Soest Gijs , Daemen Joost 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronary calcification has been linked to cardiovascular events. We developed and validated an algorithm to automatically quantify coronary calcifications on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We aimed to assess the prognostic value of an IVUS-calcium score (ICS) on patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE).

Methods
We included patients that underwent coronary angiography plus pre-procedural IVUS imaging. The ICS was calculated per patient. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, and revascularization (POCE).

Results
In a cohort of 408 patients, median ICS was 85. Both an ICS ≥ 85 and a 100 unit increase in ICS increased the risk of POCE at 6-year follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.51, 95%CI 1.05–2.17, p value = 0.026, and aHR 1.21, 95%CI 1.04–1.41, p value = 0.014, respectively).

Conclusions
The ICS, calculated by a validated automated algorithm derived from routine IVUS pullbacks, was strongly associated with the long-term risk of POCE.

Graphical abstract
Multiband emission from single β-NaYF4(Yb,Er) nanoparticles at high excitation power densities and comparison to ensemble studies
Authors: Frenzel Florian , Würth Christian , Dukhno Oleksii , Przybilla Frédéric , Wiesholler Lisa M. , Muhr Verena , Hirsch Thomas , Mély Yves , Resch-Genger Ute 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnsemble and single particle studies of the excitation power density (P)-dependent upconversion luminescence (UCL) of core and core-shell β-NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with 20% Yb3+ and 1% or 3% Er3+ performed over a P regime of 6 orders of magnitude reveal an increasing contribution of the emission from high energy Er3+ levels at P > 1 kW/cm2. This changes the overall emission color from initially green over yellow to white. While initially the green and with increasing P the red emission dominate in ensemble measurements at P < 1 kW/cm2, the increasing population of higher Er3+ energy levels by multiphotonic processes at higher P in single particle studies results in a multitude of emission bands in the ultraviolet/visible/near infrared (UV/vis/NIR) accompanied by a decreased contribution of the red luminescence. Based upon a thorough analysis of the P-dependence of UCL, the emission bands activated at high P were grouped and assigned to 2–3, 3–4, and 4 photonic processes involving energy transfer (ET), excited-state absorption (ESA), cross-relaxation (CR), back energy transfer (BET), and non-radiative relaxation processes (nRP). This underlines the P-tunability of UCNP brightness and color and highlights the potential of P-dependent measurements for mechanistic studies required to manifest the population pathways of the different Er3+ levels.
Texture, mineralogy and geochemistry of Teri sediments from the Kuthiraimozhi deposit, Southern Tamilnadu, India: implications on provenance, weathering and palaeoclimate
Authors: Alagaiah Venu Udayanapillai , Velmayil Perumal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe study examines about the red sand dune deposit locally designated as teri deposits; it is an omnipresent geomorphologic feature present in the coastal region of Thoothukudi and Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu, India. One of the inland teri sand dune outcrops is located around the Kuthiraimozhi village of Thoothukudi district in Tamil Nadu, India. Textural, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried out in the teri sediments and its compact sandstone outcrops. The sediments are moderately sorted to well-sorted and finely skewed nature which indicates that fluvio-marine depositional environment. Geochemical analysis results of major, trace and rare earth elements for teri deposits help to predict the provenance, weathering status, depositional environment and climate. The geochemical study reveals that the sediments were derived from marine and non-marine sources. Teri sediments are geochemically classified as lithic arenite or wacke. Petrography and X-ray diffraction analysis reveal the predominance of quartz and feldspars along with the accessory minerals like ilmenite, rutile, garnet, magnetite, hematite, zircon, diopside, hypersthenes and biotite. Mineralogical observation illustrates that the teri sediments have originated from the weathering of felsic and mafic source rocks. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values of sediments represent moderate to the high status of weathering conditions in the source area. The depositional environment indicates that the sediments are fine-grained with high maturity index. Despite that the sediments are formed by fluvio-marine sources, the reddening character in the teri deposits is due to oxidation and leaching of iron-bearing minerals by percolating surface water from high rainfall and groundwater fluctuation of the aquifer under arid and semi-arid climate conditions.