bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When character forges the crisis: Personality traits of world leaders and differential policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Medeiros Mike , Nai Alessandro , Erman Ayşegül , Young Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rapidly growing scholarship on the COVID-19 crisis has focused on a variety of macro-level factors to understand government policy responses. The current study addresses an important gap in this line of research by evaluating the extent to which government leaders’ personality traits have led to divergent policy responses during the pandemic. To do so, we use data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker initiative to measure differences in both the speed and magnitude of these responses across countries and NEGex, a dataset that maps the personality traits of current heads of government (presidents or prime ministers) in 61 countries. Our results show that personality matters. We find that world leaders scoring high on “plasticity” (extraversion, openness) provide a stronger overall response, as well as a more rapid response in terms of financial relief. Whereas, leaders scoring high on “stability” (conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability) offer both a quicker and stronger financial relief response. Our findings underscore the need to account for the personality of decision-makers when exploring policy decisions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during other crisis situations.
A Wavelet-based Approach for Truncating Pulse-like Records
Authors: Dimakopoulou Vicky , Fragiadakis Michalis , Taflampas Ioannis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The seismic performance assessment of structures using truncated pulse-like ground motion records is discussed. It is shown that it is possible to truncate pulse-like signals using a novel wavelet-based definition that identifies the duration of the predominant velocity pulse. The truncated time history can efficiently reproduce the increased seismic demand that near-field records typically produce. Substituting the original ground motion with the truncated signal, significantly accelerates structural analysis and design. The truncated signal is the part of the original accelerogram that coincides with the duration of the predominant pulse, which is identified using a wavelet-based procedure, previously proposed by the authors. Elastic and inelastic response spectra and nonlinear time history analyses for SDOF (single-degree-of-freedom) systems are first studied. Subsequently a nine-storey steel frame is examined in order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach on a multiple-degree-of-freedom system. The proposed approach is found very efficient for pulse-like ground motions, while it is also sufficient for many records that are not characterized as such.
Prevalence of Complications in Eyes With Nanophthalmos or Microphthalmos: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ally Naseer , Ismail Sarah , Alli Hassan Dawood 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionMicrophthalmos and nanophthalmos are uncommon ocular conditions, whereby affected eyes have smaller dimensions compared to the normal population. Microphthalmos and nanophthalmos present several challenges to ophthalmologists; They have spontaneous and post-operative sequelae such as high hyperopia, angle-closure glaucoma, uveal effusion syndrome, and retinal detachment.This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to assess the prevalence of both the spontaneous complications associated with nanophthalmos and microphthalmos, as well as the post-surgical complications associated with nanophthalmos or microphthalmos. Methods and analysisArticles will be searched for, on four online databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers will identify the studies according to prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data will be extracted and assessed for the risk of bias in each article. The data will then be pooled to determine the prevalence of complications among patients with microphthalmos and nanophthalmos. If any preventative measures are associated with lower risks of developing complications, these will be expressed as odds ratios.DiscussionAlthough nanophthalmos is an uncommon condition that affects the eye, its management and complications can be sight-threatening. Thus, it is important to counsel parents and patients correctly upon diagnosis and prior to any surgical intervention. This can only be done if the overall prevalence of complications is known.RegistrationThis systematic review has been submitted to PROSPERO for registration.
Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro
Authors: Raghavan Palayakotai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a extremely weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.
Computational phenotyping of obstructive airway diseases: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Bashir Muwada , Basna Rani , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Beckman Helena , Lindberg Anne , Ekerljung Linda , Axelsson Malin , Hedman Linnea , Vanfleteren Lowie , Lundbäck Bo , Rönmark Eva , Nuwaru Bright I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults.Methods and analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. Conferences proceedings, reference list of included papers, and experts will form additional sources of literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved studies for eligibility, extract relevant data, and perform quality appraisal of included studies. A third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements in these processes. Quality appraisal of the studies will be undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. We will use summary tables to describe the included studies. We will narratively synthesize the generated evidence, providing critical assessment of the populations, variables, and computational approaches used in deriving the phenotypes across studiesConclusion: As progress continues to be made in the area of computational phenotyping of chronic obstructive airway diseases, this systematic review, the first on this topic, will provide the state-of-the-art on the field and highlight important perspectives for future works.Registration and reporting:The full protocol for this systematic review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the number CRD42020164898 according to the requirements of the PRISMA-P guideline(1, 2).
Impactos nos recursos naturais e a governança na construção de usinas hidrelétricas
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo de Castro , Afonso Robério Ferreira , Souza Dércio Bernardes de , Riva Fabiana Rodrigues , Souza Filho Theophilo Alves de 
Published: February 2021

A maioria dos novos projetos de geração de energia hidrelétrica tem como objetivo o melhoramento do padrão de vida dos cidadãos de um país, com o desenvolvimento do potencial energético, da industrialização, da melhoria de condições de subsistência e alívio da pobreza. Contudo, os empreendimentos nem sempre se preocupam com as práticas de governança, trazendo muitos impactos no uso dos recursos naturais e externalidades de diversificados efeitos sobre as pessoas, famílias e comunidades. Recorrendo à literatura por meio da realização de uma revisão sistemática, buscou-se identificar as características da governança na construção de empreendimentos hidrelétricos, verificando como a governança contribui para diminuir os impactos sociais e a degradação dos recursos naturais. Os resultados apontam que as práticas de governança mitigam os efeitos específicos das alterações nos ambientes e nas comunidades envolvidas, seja com medidas de contingência ou mesmo compensações efetivas. Conclui-se que as boas práticas de governança valorizam as políticas de preservação ambiental, que podem minimizar impactos ambientais de grandes projetos. Dando seguimento a temática, discute-se, ao final, as contradições e inconsistências encontradas na literatura, evidenciando-se oportunidades e desafios que podem ser abordados por futuras pesquisas.
Fertility Potential of Freshly Isolated Adipose Tissue-derived Stromal Cells and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Maqbool Tahir , Hadi Faheem , Tahir Sehrish , Naz Sadia , Shahnawaz Sajida , Awan Sana Javaid , Malik Arif 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Failure to attain pregnancy or even miscarriage leads to a challenging type
of infertility which is premature ovarian failure (POF). Stem cells have the ability to repair ovarian
damage; adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (AT-SCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal
cells (BM-MSCs) have demonstrated promising regenerative abilities in several diseases, including
POF.

Methods:
Various experiments were performed to prove the ability of AT-SCs and BM-MSCs in
restoring ovarian functions; a total of 20 rats were randomly selected and assigned to four experimental
groups with 5 rats in each group; 1st untreated, 2nd cyclophosphamide and busulfan, 3rd cyclophosphamide
and busulfan + AT-SCs, and 4th cyclophosphamide and busulfan + BM-MSCs
treated.

Results:
Groups 3 and 4 showed a restoration of ovarian functions in the form of an increase in
weight (including body weight and ovarian weight), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol
(E2) level, a decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum levels and an increase in antioxidant
level of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in comparison with group 2. Histochemistry
analysis demonstrated normal tissue distribution in the 3rd and 4th groups compared to
2nd group.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated the ability of AT-SCs and BM-MSCs to restore ovarian functions in
females with POF.
Current Status and Prospects of Camrelizumab, A Humanized Antibody Against Programmed Cell Death Receptor 1
Authors: Song Hao , Liu Xiaolong , Jiang Lu , Li Fangrong , Zhang Rong , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Camrelizumab, which was launched in China on May 29, 2019, is a humanized
anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody. It is used for the treatment of complicated
or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma with at least second-line chemotherapy. On March 4,
2020, camrelizumab was approved as a second-line drug in China for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular
carcinoma. Currently, camrelizumab is undergoing clinical research for advanced solid
tumors such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and lung cancer, and all have shown
clinical efficacy.

Objective:
This review describes preclinical studies on camrelizumab and its efficacy and safety in
clinical studies in various tumors.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted on basic research and clinical trials of camrelizumab
determined its pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetic properties, and current clinical research
status. We also analyzed the difference between camrelizumab and other PD-1 antibodies.

Results:
The results of preclinical studies show that camrelizumab binds to the PD-1 receptor and
has stable anti-tumor activity in a dose-dependent manner. Clinical studies show that camrelizumab
has therapeutic effects on a variety of tumors. The incidence of adverse reactions with camrelizumab
is low, with most being mild, reversible, and predictable.

Conclusion:
This review summarizes the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on camrelizumab.
Current research confirms that camrelizumab alone or in combination with other drugs
shows significant anti-cancer activity and a low incidence of adverse reactions. However, further
studies are needed to verify the application potential of camrelizumab in a variety of tumors.
Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Medicine: Analysis of the Scientific Literature
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Tosevska Anela , Klager Elisabeth , Eibensteiner Fabian , Laxar Daniel , Stoyanov Jivko , Glisic Marija , Zeiner Sebastian , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Crutzen Rik , Kimberger Oliver , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Atanasov Atanas G , Willschke Harald 
Published: February 2021

Background
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have recently become popular research themes. However, there are no published bibliometric reports that have analyzed the corresponding scientific literature in relation to the application of these technologies in medicine.

Objective
We used a bibliometric approach to identify and analyze the scientific literature on VR and AR research in medicine, revealing the popular research topics, key authors, scientific institutions, countries, and journals. We further aimed to capture and describe the themes and medical conditions most commonly investigated by VR and AR research.

Methods
The Web of Science electronic database was searched to identify relevant papers on VR research in medicine. Basic publication and citation data were acquired using the “Analyze” and “Create Citation Report” functions of the database. Complete bibliographic data were exported to VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, dedicated bibliometric software packages, for further analyses. Visualization maps were generated to illustrate the recurring keywords and words mentioned in the titles and abstracts.

Results
The analysis was based on data from 8399 papers. Major research themes were diagnostic and surgical procedures, as well as rehabilitation. Commonly studied medical conditions were pain, stroke, anxiety, depression, fear, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, contributions to the literature were globally distributed with heaviest contributions from the United States and United Kingdom. Studies from more clinically related research areas such as surgery, psychology, neurosciences, and rehabilitation had higher average numbers of citations than studies from computer sciences and engineering.

Conclusions
The conducted bibliometric analysis unequivocally reveals the versatile emerging applications of VR and AR in medicine. With the further maturation of the technology and improved accessibility in countries where VR and AR research is strong, we expect it to have a marked impact on clinical practice and in the life of patients.
Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography comparison of shorty and standard Class II Carriere Motion appliance
Authors: Wilson Brian , Konstantoni Nikoleta , Kim Ki Beom , Foley Patrick , Ueno Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare treatment effects of the standard and shorty Class II Carriere Motion appliances (CMAs) on adolescent patients.

Materials and Methods
Fifty adolescents with Class II malocclusion formed group 1, who were treated with shorty CMA (n = 25, 12.66 ± 1.05 years), and age- and sex–matched group 2, who were treated with standard CMA (n = 25, 12.73 ± 1.07 years). Treatment effects were analyzed by tracing with Invivo software to compare pretreatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with post-CMA (T2) CBCT images. A total of 23 measurements were compared within and between groups.

Results
In groups 1 and 2, maxillary first molars showed significant distal movement from T1 to T2 (1.83 ± 2.11 mm and 2.14 ± 1.34 mm, respectively), with distal tipping and rotation in group 1 (6.52° ± 3.99° and 3.15° ± 7.52°, respectively) but only distal tipping (7.03° ± 3.45°) in group 2. Similarly, in both groups, the maxillary first premolars experienced significant distal movement with distal tipping but no significant rotation. In group 1, maxillary canines did not undergo significant distal movement. In both groups 1 and 2, mandibular first molars experienced significant mesial movement (1.85 ± 1.88 mm and 2.44 ± 2.02 mm, respectively). Group 1 showed statistically significantly less reduction in overjet and less canine distal movement with less distal tipping than group 2 (α &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The shorty CMA achieved Class II correction similarly to the standard CMA, with less change in overjet and distal tipping movement of the maxillary canines.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DERAJAT INFEKSI CACING YANG DITULARKAN MELALUI TANAH TERHADAP TINGKAT KECERDASAN PADA ANAK DI SD NEGERI 067775 KOTAMADYA MEDAN
Authors: Samosir Agustina 
Published: February 2021

Infeksi cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah (soil transmitted helminthiasis atau STH) masih merupakan masalah dunia terutama di daerah tropik dan sub tropik, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian Pasaribu pada tahun 2003 dan Ezeamama dkk pada tahun 2005 menunjukkan bahwa anak usia sekolah dasar (SD) merupakan kelompok umur yang paling sering terinfeksi oleh cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak SD paling sering berkontak dengan tanah sebagai sumber infeksi. Infeksi cacing yang cukup tinggi prevalensinya di Indonesia adalah infeksi cacing yang disebabkan oleh cacing ascaris lumbricoides, cacing tambang dan trichuris trichiura. Mengingat bahwa prevalensi tertinggi infeksi kecacingan STH terdapat pada anak usia sekolah dasar, dikuatirkan infeksi cacing dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kecerdasan seorang anak. Belum diketahui secara pasti bagaimana proses ini terjadi, namun diduga proses ini terjadi secara tidak langsung, mungkin melalui kejadian anemia dan malnutrisi yang diderita anak akibat terinfeksi kecacingan STH. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 2012 pada murid sekolah dasar kelas IV, V dan VI SD Negeri 067775 Kota Medan. Populasi studi berjumlah 150 orang anak usia 8-12 tahun. Sampel studi dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik sampling purposive dengan melakukan pemeriksaan tinja murid-murid populasi studi. 62 murid (41%) ditemukan positif terinfeksi cacing dan dipilih sebagai sampel studi. Tingkat nutrisi, antropometrik, anemia dan kecerdasan murid-murid terpilih kemudian diukur. Tingkat kecerdasan diukur dengan menggunakan indikator WISC (Wechsler Intelligance Scale for Children). Data yang dikumpulkan diolah dengan menggunakan tabulasi silang dan statistika nonparametrik uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada SD Negeri 067775 Kota Medan dijumpai anak dengan derajat infeksi ringan 63%, infeksi sedang 37% dan infeksi berat 0%. Dari penelitian ini juga diperoleh bahwa tingkat kecerdasan mental defective 12,9%, borderline 25,8%, low average 29,0%, average 27,4% dan high average 4,8%. Statistik uji z Kolmogorov Smirnov tentang hubungan antara tingkat infeksi STH dan tingkat kecerdasan adalah 3.413. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat infeksi cacing STH terhadap tingkat kecerdasan pada anak di SD 067775 Kota Medan. Kata Kunci: Infeksi cacing STH, derajat infeksi, tingkat kecerdasan, kejadian anemia, status gizi, Medan, Indonesia.
POLA KUMAN BILASAN BRONKUS PADA TINDAKAN BRONKOSKOPI SERAT OPTIK LENTUR (BSOL) DI RSUP. H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN
Authors: Setiarman Setiarman 
Published: February 2021

Bronkoskopi adalah suatu tindakan invasif semi operatif dengan meggunakan bronkoskopi serat optik lentur untuk memeriksa, menilai dan mengobati kelainan saluran napas.Tindakan ini tidak terlepas dari penularaninfeksi nosokomial, oportunistik. Selama priode 1 Januari 2013 sampai 31 Desember 2013. Berbagai diagnosa klinis baik penderita rawat inap maupun rawat jalan dilakukan tindakan bronkoskopi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bagaimanakah Pola Kuman Bilasan Bronkus Pada Tindakan Bronkoskopi Serat Optik Lentur (BSOL) di RSUP.Haji Adam Malik Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Retrospektif dengan sekali pengamatan, data diambil dari rekam medik hasil kultur BAL dari laboratorium RSUP. Haji Adam Malik Medan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 148 sampel didapat hasil kultur 148 sampel yang tumbuh mikroorganisme. Karakteristik umur hasil penelitian terbanyak antara41-60 tahun (60,8%). Karakteristik jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki (80,4%). Diagnosa klinis terbanyak hasil penelitian adalah Ca paru (38,5%), Pneomonia (31,1%), TB paru (13,5%). Pola mikroorganisme adalah Burkholderia cepacia (28,9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (20,1%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (17,4%), Klebsiella pneumonia ESBL+(9,4%). Uji sensitifitas terhadap antimikroba penelitian iniadalah Meropenem (74,3%), Levfloxacin (63,5%) Tigecycline (59,5%), Amikasin (54,7%), Piperacillin tazobactam (52,0%) dan Ceptazidine (50,7%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini variabel jenis kelamin, umur berhubungan erat dengan diagnosa klinis Ca paru. Masih ditemukan pola mikroorganisme pada diagnosa klinis kultur BAL pada tindakan (BSOL) yang sebelum tindakan alat didesinfektan tingkat tinggi (Cidex). Disarankan agar sebelum dilakukan prosedur bronkoskopi tenaga kesehatan harus mengerti arti pentingnya kebersihan diri, tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadi kontak infeksi silang antara pasien dengan tenaga kesehatan, fasilitas kesehatan, kebersihan pakaian, kebersihan penyediaan airbersih,dan lain-lain harus mengacu pada pedoman standard kebersihan rumah sakit agar memutus rantai penyebab infeksi opotunistik dan infeksi nosokomial. Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Ca paru, Pneumonia, Tindakan BSOL