bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Both Coxsackievirus B3 Woodruff&nbsp;and GD Strain Using Similar Key Genes to Induce FoxO Signaling Pathway Activation in HeLa Cells
Authors: Liu Mi , Yang Qian , Han Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the major cause of viral myocarditis in human worldwide. Various studies have investigated the viral infection and pathogenic mechanisms. However, the precise disease mechanism is still not clear. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to compare the transcriptomic profile of virus infected HeLa cells to the controls in order to analysis the key genes of host virus interaction. Two CVB3 strains, CVB3 Woodruff and GD16-69-CVB3 strain were selected to figure out the common disease mechanisms of both experimental and clinical strains respectively. Increased expression of cell cycle genes CCNG2, GADD45B, PIM1, RBM15, KLF10 and RIOK3, down regulation of CYBA were detected. Autophagy genes ATG12 and YOD1 were also upregulated during CVB3 infection. Slightly increase of SOD2 and ATG12 were shown in the expression of infected cells, meanwhile, little change was detected in GABARAP expression. Further, FoxO signaling pathway was enriched by KEGG analysis, shown a close interaction with the DEGs in the PPI network. Genes of related pathways such as cell cycle, autophagy and oxidative stress resistance were confirmed by RT-PCR as well. In conclusion, our results reveal that FoxO signaling pathway is a common mechanism activated during the infection of both CVB3 strains. And this pathway plays a regulatory role in downstream pathways such as cell cycle, autophagy, oxidative stress resistance and antiviral immune responds.
Graphene-Based BPSK and QPSK Modulators Working at A Very High Bit Rate (Up Tbps Range)
Authors: Junior Almir Wirth Lima , Bezerra-Fraga Wilton 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We are presenting graphene-based Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulators, which can operate in the range from the TeraHertz up to the infrared. It is noteworthy that these devices have huge advantages over the silicon Mach-Zehnder optical modulators (MZMs) with lateral PN-junction ribwaveguide phase shifters. Among the countless advantages, we can mention, for example, that these modulators consist of only one waveguide and have a much simpler application system of the modulator signal (gate voltage) than in silicon-based MZMs. Other huge advantages are greater efficiency, and yet, they are cheaper and have shorter lengths (and consequently, greater integration in photonic integrated circuit (PIC)). The first step to present these modulators was to detail the graphene theory that is involved in this device. After this step, we show the project, numerical simulations, and analyses related to our graphene-based BPSK and QPSK modulators. We believe that these modulators will contribute to the generation of new devices made up of 2D materials, which should revolutionize this area of science.
Optimal Lockdown Strategies: All about Time
Authors: Pathak Anagh , Mohan Varun Madan , Banerjee Arpan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lockdowns are disease mitigation strategies that aim to contain the spread of an infection by restricting the interactions of its carriers. Lockdowns can thus have a considerable economic cost, which makes the identification of optimal lockdown windows that minimize both infection spread and economic disruption imperative. A well-known feature of complex dynamical systems is their sensitivity to the timing of external inputs. Hence, we hypothesized that the timing and duration of lockdowns should dictate lockdown outcomes. We demonstrate this concept computationally from two perspectives - Firstly, a stochastic "small-scale" Agent Based Model (ABM) of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) disease spread and secondly, a deterministic "large-scale" perspective using a multi-group SIR mass model with parameters determined from the SARS-CoV2 data in India. Lockdowns were implemented as an effective reduction of interaction probabilities in both models. This allowed us to evaluate the parametric variations of lockdown intensity and duration onto the dynamical properties of the infection spread over different connection topologies. We definitively show that the lockdown outcomes in both the stochastic small-scale and deterministic large-scale perspectives depend sensitively on the timing of its imposition and that it is possible to minimize lockdown duration while limiting case loads to numbers below hospitalization thresholds.
Graphene-Based Terahertz Closed-Stopband Tunable Composite Right/Left-Handed Leaky-Wave Antennas
Authors: Gao Muzhi , Li Kang , Kong Fanmin , Zhu Gaoyang , Zhuang Huawei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A simple scheme for the realization of the terahertz (THz) fundamental-mode tunable closed-stopband composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antennas (CRLH LWAs) is presented. The proposed CRLH LWAs are reconstructed by graphene-based coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line supercells. Their shunt inductance achieved by narrow graphene strips of two unit cell structures are halfed. The CRLH LWAs are designed and confirmed by numerical simulations. They also exhibit frequency-scanning behaviors at THz with narrower bandwidth than that of the conventional graphene-based fundamental-mode CPW unit cell CRLH LWAs at THz. Besides, the LWAs also exhibit strong tunable characteristics and achieve the closed-stopband condition more effectively. Therefore, the proposed supercell CRLH LWAs could further improve the performance of the beam-steering antennas at THz.
Tracking Immunization Coverage, Dropout and Equity Gaps Among Children Aged 12–23 Months in Malawi. Bottleneck Analysis of the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Mmanga Kondwani , Mwenyenkulu Tisungane Edward , Nkoka Owen , Tiruneh Fentinesh Nibret , Ntenda Peter Austin Morton 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Immunization is considered an effective tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases. However, most studies on immunization have mainly focused on vaccination coverage while data on dropouts and equity gaps is very scanty. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the trend in immunization coverage, dropout rates and effective immunization coverages (FVC) among children aged 12–23 months in Malawi.Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of the cross-sectional data taken from three waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys (2004, 2010, and 2015-16). Using the bottleneck analysis, outputs were generated based on service coverage, demand/equity (service utilization) and quality/effective coverage. The World Health Organization benchmarks were used to assess gaps in the immunization coverage indicators.Results: The coverage was above 90.0% in most of the antigens while full immunization status was estimated at 65%, 84%, and 73% in 2004, 2010, and 2015 respectively. The highest coverage was observed in BCG and lowest in Oral Polio Vaccine1 (OPV1). OPV1 coverage was less than 90% in 2004 cohort year, whilst Penta3 and MCV1 coverages were less than 90% in 2004. Additionally, full vaccination coverage (FVC) was 65%, 84%, and 74% in 2004, 2010, and 2015 respectively. Dropout rates of Penta3 and MCV1 were significantly higher than 10% in 2004 however, the dropouts had U-shaped patterns. The logistic region analyses showed that children were significantly less likely to be immunized with Penta3 and MCV1 in all cohort years compared to Penta1.Conclusions: Though immunization coverage was in line with the national and district targets for various antigens between 2004 and 2015, however, the FVC is still lagging behind. Furthermore, the dropout rates for Penta3 and MCV1 showed U-shaped patterns. Thus, health education, supervision, and orientation of service providers are instantly needed to address disparities that are existing in FVC.
Congenital visual deprivation modulates the perception of own, but not others’ body size
Authors: Nava Elena , Tamè Luigi , Giurgola Serena , Bolognini Nadia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neuropsychological reports of phantom sensations in congenital limb aplasia have often been taken as evidence of the existence of an innate, ‘hard-wired’, representation of the body in the brain that does not need to be constructed from, or updated by, online afferent sensory inputs, including vision. However, when asked to draw the contour of their own body and of an ideal body (i.e. body with perfect proportions), congenitally, but not late blind individuals, exhibited a magnified representation of their own body, specifically of their hands, in comparison to sighted controls. This over-representation did not extend to their ideal body model. These findings show that the representation of the own body metric is shaped by early visual experience, and that seeing one’s own and other bodies early in development contributes to the construction of a unified internal model, in which ‘own’ and ‘other’ merge.
Neural relational inference to learn allosteric long-range interactions in proteins from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhu Jingxuan , Wang Juexin , Han Weiwei , Xu Dong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Protein allostery is a biological process facilitated by spatially long-range intra-protein communication, whereby ligand binding or amino acid mutation at a distant site affects the active site remotely. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation provides a powerful computational approach to probe the allosteric effect. However, current MD simulations cannot reach the time scales of whole allosteric processes. The advent of deep learning made it possible to evaluate both spatially short and long-range communications for understanding allostery. For this purpose, we applied a neural relational inference (NRI) model based on a graph neural network (GNN), which adopts an encoder-decoder architecture to simultaneously infer latent interactions to probe protein allosteric processes as dynamic networks of interacting residues. From the MD trajectories, this model successfully learned the long-range interactions and pathways that can mediate the allosteric communications between the two distant sites in the Pin1, SOD1, and MEK1 systems.
Transcriptional expression changes during compensatory plasticity in the central nervous system of the adult cricket
Authors: Prasad Meera P. , Detchou Donald , Wang Felicia , Ledwidge Lisa L. , Kingston Sarah E. , Horch Hadley Wilson 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Damage to the adult central nervous system often leads to long-term disruptions in function due to the limited capacity for neurological recovery. The central nervous system of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, shows an unusual capacity for compensatory plasticity, most obviously in the auditory system and the cercal escape system. In both systems, unilateral sensory disruption leads the central circuitry to compensate by forming and/or strengthening connections with the contralateral sensory organ. While this compensatory plasticity relies on robust dendritic sprouting and novel synapse formation in the auditory system, the compensatory plasticity in the cercal escape circuitry shows little obvious dendritic sprouting and instead may rely on shifts in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. In order to better understand what types of molecular pathways might underlie this compensatory shift in the cercal system, we used a multiple k-mer approach to assemble a terminal ganglion transcriptome that included ganglia collected one, three, and seven days after unilateral cercal ablation in adult, male animals. We performed differential expression analysis using EdgeR and DESeq2 and examined Gene Ontologies to identify candidates potentially involved in this plasticity. Enriched GO terms included those related to the ubiquitin-proteosome protein degradation system, chromatin-mediated transcriptional pathways, and the GTPase-related signaling system. Further exploration of these GO terms will provide a clearer picture of the processes involved in compensatory recovery of the cercal escape system in the cricket and can be compared and contrasted with the distinct pathways that have been identified upon deafferentation of the auditory system in this same animal.
Can the Visualization of Rip Currents Prevent Drowning Accidents? Consideration of the Effect of Optimism Bias
Authors: Endo Shintaro , Shimada Ryo , Ishikawa Toshinori , Komine Tsutomu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Almost all drowning accidents in Japan are caused by rip currents. To reduce these accidents, a new technology that can detect rip currents and notify beachgoers by using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) was proposed. However, studies on the effect of visualizing rip currents or considering the effect of optimism bias have not been conducted. This study investigates if visualization of rip currents might help in preventing drowning accidents, while considering the effect of optimism bias. The participants were 90 Japanese beachgoers. They were asked to answer questions based on their knowledge of the beach and rip currents, their optimism bias regarding rip currents, and awareness with or without visualization. The results of the analyses suggest that despite optimism bias, the visualization of rip currents increases the tendency of beachgoers to perceive and avoid rip currents. As described above, it found that by visualizing rip currents, beachgoers can avoid. Additionally, an understanding of rip currents is positively related to the intent to avoid rip currents with visualization. Therefore, it is necessary not only to enhance the avoidance tendency by visualizing rip currents, but also to further enhance knowledge of beachgoers to deepen the understanding of rip currents including the danger associated and methods to avoid them.
Synthesis of pure potassium pentaborate (KB5) from potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and colemanite
Authors: Karagöz Özlem , Kuşlu Soner 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, after specifying theoretical reaction conditions required for chemical reaction, potassium pentaborate (KB5) was synthesized from the potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) solution and the raw colemanite (Ca2B6O11.5H2O) ore. The slow evaporation solution method was used at 25 ℃. The effect of time (6-18 hours) on crystallization was studied. Synthesized minerals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), RAMAN spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results according to the XRD, FT-IR, RAMAN, and SEM analyses proved that the synthesized product was the potassium pentaborate (KB5O8.4H2O) mineral having the ICSD: 96-026-1927 pdf code. As a result, the cost was reduced by using raw boron ore, colemanite and KB5 could be obtained in a shorter time and at a lower temperature.
Protective effect of Bmscs-derived exosomes on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Tian Hu , Zhang Wan-song , Yang Cheng , Zhou Jun-hao , Zhou Ran-ran , Guo Wen-bin , Liu cundong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Testicular Ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) is a major pathophysiological process of surgical reduction after testicular torsion, and oxidative stress is the main injury factor. However, the role of BMSCs-derived exosomes in testicular IRI and its mechanism have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Methods

Results: BMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from rat bone marrow, and exosomes secreted by BMSCs were successfully extracted. In vivo experiment: The testicular torsion rat model was established, and various biochemical indexes of oxidative stress and testicular tissue HE was detected in the sham operation group, testicular torsion group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome treatment group. In vitro experiment: H2O2 was used to construct TM4 and GC1 oxidative stress models, and various biochemical indexes of oxidative stress and corresponding pathway proteins were detected in the control group, H2O2 group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome treatment group.
Conclusion

BMSCs-derived exosomes can be absorbed by rat spermatogonia and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury。
Effects of long-term fertilizer practice on fungal and actinobacterial cellulolytic communities with different humified particle-size fractions in a double-cropping paddy field
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Xu Yilan , Cheng Kaikai , Shi Lihong , Wen Li , Li Weiyan , Xiao Xiaoping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cellulose plays an important role in maintaining or improving soil carbon (C) cycling and soil fertility. And there has closely relationship between functional cellulose genes (cbhI and GH48) with characterize of soil organic matter chemical components (fulvic acid and humic acid) and soil physical fractions. However, there is still limited information on how functional cellulose degradation responded to long-term fertilizer management and their relative importance for C sequestration under double-cropping rice paddy field in southern China. Therefore, the effects of 34-year long-term fertilizer regime on community abundance of cbhI and GH48 in five soil particle-size fractions were investigated by using polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The field experiment consisted of four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that distribution of soil humus and cellulolytic microbial community abundance were significantly increased under long-term application of crop residue and organic manure condition. And the FA, HA and HM C contents in >2000 μm and 2000-50 μm fractions with MF, RF and OM treatments were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. Meanwhile, the alkyl C and Oalkyl C groups of FA in >2000 μm and 2000-50 μm fractions were higher than that of the other fractions, the order of relative abundance of different C groups of HA in different particle-size fractions were following alkyl C>o-alkyl C>aromatic C>carboxylic C with MF, RF, OM and CK treatments. The results indicated that abundance of cbhI and GH48 genes in different particle-size fractions were significantly increased with RF and OM treatments, compared with CK treatment. There were significantly positive correlation between chemical composition of FA and HA with cbhI and GH48 abundances. As a result, the cellulolytic gene abundance were significantly increased under combined application of crop residue and organic manure with chemical fertilizer condition.
Ultrafast photo-induced enhancement of electron-phonon coupling in metal-halide perovskites
Authors: Laquai Frédéric , Wang Mingcong , Gao Yajun , Wang Kai , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In metal-halide perovskites (MHPs), the nature of organic cations affects both, the perovskite’s structure and its optoelectronic properties. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate that in state-of-the-art mixed-cation MHPs ultrafast photo-induced bandgap narrowing occurs, and linearly depends on the excited carrier density in the range from 1016 cm− 3 to above 1018 cm− 3. Furthermore, time-domain terahertz (td-THz) photoconductivity measurements reveal that the majority of carriers are localized and that the localization increases with the carrier density. Both observations, the bandgap narrowing and carrier localization, can be rationalized by ultrafast (sub-2ps) photo-induced enhancement of electron-phonon coupling, originating from dynamic disorder, as clearly evidenced by the presence of a Debye relaxation component in the terahertz photoconductivity spectra. The observation of photo-induced enhancement of electron-phonon coupling and dynamic disorder not only provides specific insight into the polaron-strain distribution of excited states in MHPs, but also adds to the development of a concise picture of the ultrafast physics of this important class of semiconductors.
Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites In Domestic Ruminants From Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Authors: Shameem Ummey , Malathi Sanapala , Marlapudi Komali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coprological studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth (GI) parasites in domestic ruminants from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, were carried out for a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. Fecal examination was done using direct smear, sedimentation and floatation methods. Altogether 3,527 fecal samples were examined including 595 from cows, 485 from buffaloes, 1342 from sheep and 1105 from goat. Out of 3,527 fecal samples examined, 1084 were found to be positive with three groups of gastrointestinal parasites (GI) showing an overall prevalence of 30.7%. Maximum infection was noted with nematodes (39.1%) and trematodes (37.3%), least infection was noted with cestodes (3.5%) and mixed infections were found to be moderate (20.01%). Host wise prevalence of parasitic infection has shown highest in the case of cattle recording 43.03%, followed by 40.8% in buffaloes, 29.4% in sheep, and 21.4% in goats. Total six varieties of parasites were recorded, the predominant being Haemonchus (Strongyle group) (29.25%), followed by Paramphistomum (25.5%), Fasciola (11.9%), Strongyloides (7.6%), Moniezia (3.5%) and Trichuris (2.2%). Season wise data on prevalence showed, high rate of infection in summer season (32.0%) when compared to winter (30.2%) and rainy (29.9%) seasons. Further studies are needed to design a rational for sustainable management of GI parasite infections in domestic animals of local regions.
Medical Capacity Shortages Facilitated the Rapid Dissemination of COVID-19 in Wuhan, New York State, and Italy
Authors: Xu Yuehao , Zhang Cheng , Qian Lixian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, every public health system faced the potential challenge of medical capacity shortages. Infections without timely diagnosis or treatment may facilitate the stealth transmission and spread of the virus. Important as the influence of capacity shortages on the epidemic, it is still unclear how they could intensify the spread of the epidemic qualitatively under different circumstances. Our study aims to throw light on this influence.Methods: Using infection and medical capacity information reported in Wuhan in China, New York State in the United States, and Italy, we developed a dynamic susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) model to estimate the impact of medical capacity shortages during the COVID-19 outbreak at the city, state, and country levels.Results: The proposed model can fit data well (R-square > 0.9). Through sensitivity analysis, we found that doubled capacity would lead to a 39% lower peak infected number in Wuhan. Italy and New York State have similar results.Conclusions: The less shortages in medical capacity, the faster decline in the daily infection numbers and the fewer deaths, and more shortage would lead to steepen infection curve. This study provides a method for estimating potential shortages and explains how they may dynamically facilitate disease spreading during future pandemics such as COVID-19. Based on this, policy makers may figure out some way to explore more medical capacity and control the epidemic better.