bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TO ANALYSE THE EFFECT OF ENDOMETRIAL SCRATCHING ON PREGNANCY RATES IN PREVIOUSLY FAILED IUI CYCLES
Authors: Joshi Narendra , Gupta Deepshikha 
Published: August 2021

Background: To analyse the effect of endometrial scratching on pregnancy rates in previously failed IUI cycles
Methods: Randomized control study conducted on Couples attending the Infertility Clinic, Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, SMS Medical College, Jaipur and requiring repeat IUI were recruited for the study from Feb 2019 to November 2020.
Results: women in which IUI failed two times positive results after scratching was present in 16.15% cases followed by 6.92% positive results in women who had three times IUI failed and women who had only one-time IUI failed positive results was present in 4.62% cases. In controls we found positive results with 5.38% in women having one-time IUI failed followed by 3.85% in women where two time IUI failed and only in 2.31% women positive results found having three time IUI failed.
Conclusion: In conclusion this study demonstrates 2.5-3 fold increase in pregnancy rates after scratch, endometrial scratching can be a preferred option in patients with previous failed IUI cycles before opting for expensive IVF treatment.
Keywords: IUI, IVF, Inferetility
Estallido social y violaciones a los derechos humanos en Chile
Authors: Guala Maldonado Johanna 
Published: August 2021

El año 2019 trajo consigo un sinnúmero de manifestaciones sociales en América Latina, las que en el caso de Chile, se agudizaron a partir del 18 de octubre de 2019 en todo el territorio nacional. Mas allá de las causas de este fenómeno que han sido materia de múltiples análisis y discusiones, los hechos de violencia policial y la gran cantidad de violaciones a los derechos humanos, han puesto en cuestionamiento las obligaciones asumidas por el Estado en lo relativo a su respeto, garantía y protección de acuerdo al marco Internacional de derechos humanos tal y como es señalado en cuatro Informes de Organismos Internacionales y del INDH. Reflexionar en torno a esta discusión resulta imperativo y necesario para contribuir a una sociedad que cuente con un Estado más justo, respetuoso, que repare o restituya el daño causado y garantice la No repetición de actos que violen los Derechos Humanos.
Systematic Investigation of Ergosterol Fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus Y.00243 via Statistical Design
Authors: Vidra Aladár , Kaleta Zoltán , Németh Áron 
Published: August 2021

Ergosterol, an important pharmaceutical intermediate, is the precursor of liposoluble vitamin D2 and cortisone. It is also a main sterol in yeast cells and responsible for structural features of membranes such as the integrity, fluidity, permeability and activity of membrane-bound enzymes. Kluyveromyces marxianus is able to utilize various sugars such as lactose, xylose and arabinose against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is also thermotolerant. Based on these aforementioned characteristics, K. marxianus can be of great importance in the utilization of whey and lignocellulosic biomass. In this paper, the effect of four factors on the specific ergosterol content and yeast growth was investigated using two statistical experimental designs. The factors examined were initially added alcohol, temperature, salt concentration and pH. The initially added alcohol had a positive effect on the specific ergosterol content, resulted in 37 % specific ergosterol content increasement. The temperature had a negative effect on yeast growth reducing the biomass concentration by 50 % when increased from 25 °C to 30 °C. The pH had a significant effect only on the specific ergosterol content, having an optimum at pH 5.5. The salt concentration had no significant effect in either case. Based on the results, it is suggested that the setup which facilitates higher ergosterol content but does not slow down the growth of the yeast remarkably should be selected, which are 25 °C, pH 5.3 and 3 % of initial ethanol content.
Utilización de Toxina Botulínica en el manejo de onfalocele gigante en un lactante. Informe de Caso
Authors: Salinas Barreto Juan Jose , Rosas Ayque Felix Fernando 
Published: August 2021

Introducción: El onfalocele gigante se define por defecto de pared abdominal de 5 cm de diámetro a más o presencia de herniación hepática. Se ha descrito el uso de toxina botulínica como coadyuvante en la reconstrucción de la pared abdominal en adultos, su utilidad en pediatría aun es poco descrito, pero si muestra seguridad y eficacia.
Reporte de Caso: Paciente femenino de 40 semanas de edad gestacional con onfalocele gigante con defecto amplio de aproximadamente 9 centímetros, en quien a los 75 días de vida se le aplica inyecciones de toxina botulínica alrededor del defecto y es intervenida a la semana para al cierre definitivo de pared abdominal, la cual se logra sin tensión ni intercurrencias post operatorias.
Conclusión: El uso de toxina botulínica muestra tener alta efectividad para lograr un cierre de pared abdominal en pacientes con onfalocele gigante.
Improved Posterolateral Lumbar Spinal Fusion Using a Biomimetic, Nanocomposite Scaffold Augmented by Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Van Eps Jeffrey L. , Fernandez-Moure Joseph S. , Cabrera Fernando J. , Taraballi Francesca , Paradiso Francesca , Minardi Silvia , Wang Xin , Aghdasi Bayan , Tasciotti Ennio , Weiner Bradley K. 
Published: August 2021

Remodeling of the human bony skeleton is constantly occurring with up to 10% annual bone volume turnover from osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity. A shift toward resorption can result in osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, while a shift toward deposition is required after traumatic, or surgical injury. Spinal fusion represents one such state, requiring a substantial regenerative response to immobilize adjacent vertebrae through bony union. Autologous bone grafts were used extensively prior to the advent of advanced therapeutics incorporating exogenous growth factors and biomaterials. Besides cost constraints, these applications have demonstrated patient safety concerns. This study evaluated the regenerative ability of a nanostructured, magnesium-doped, hydroxyapatite/type I collagen scaffold (MHA/Coll) augmented by autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in an orthotopic model of posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion. After bilateral decortication, rabbits received either the scaffold alone (Group 1) or scaffold with PRP (Group 2) to the anatomic right side. Bone regeneration and fusion success compared to internal control were assessed by DynaCT with 3-D reconstruction at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively followed by comparative osteogenic gene expression and representative histopathology. Both groups formed significantly more new bone volume than control, and Group 2 subjects produced significantly more trabecular and cortical bone than Group 1 subjects. Successful fusion was seen in one Group 1 animal (12.5%) and 6/8 Group 2 animals (75%). This enhanced effect by autologous PRP treatment appears to occurviaastounding upregulation of key osteogenic genes. Both groups demonstrated significant gene upregulation compared to vertebral bone controls for all genes. Group 1 averaged 2.21-fold upregulation of RUNX2 gene, 3.20-fold upregulation of SPARC gene, and 3.67-fold upregulation of SPP1 gene. Depending on anatomical subgroup (cranial, mid, caudal scaffold portions), Group 2 had significantly higher average expression of all genes than both control and Group 1–RUNX2 (8.23–19.74 fold), SPARC (18.67–55.44 fold), and SPP1 (46.09–90.65 fold). Our data collectively demonstrate the osteoinductive nature of a nanostructured MHA/Coll scaffold, a beneficial effect of augmentation with autologous PRP, and an ability to achieve clinical fusion when applied together in an orthotopic model. This has implications both for future study and biomedical innovation of bone-forming therapeutics.
Cell-Free Glycoengineering of the Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Ruhnau Johannes , Grote Valerian , Juarez-Osorio Mariana , Bruder Dunja , Mahour Reza , Rapp Erdmann , Rexer Thomas F. T. , Reichl Udo 
Published: August 2021

The baculovirus-insect cell expression system is readily utilized to produce viral glycoproteins for research as well as for subunit vaccines and vaccine candidates, for instance against SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the glycoforms of recombinant proteins derived from this expression system are inherently different from mammalian cell-derived glycoforms with mainly complex-type N-glycans attached, and the impact of these differences in protein glycosylation on the immunogenicity is severely under investigated. This applies also to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, which is the antigen target of all licensed vaccines and vaccine candidates including virus like particles and subunit vaccines that are variants of the spike protein. Here, we expressed the transmembrane-deleted human β-1,2 N-acetlyglucosamintransferases I and II (MGAT1ΔTM and MGAT2ΔTM) and the β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalTΔTM) in E. coli to in-vitro remodel the N-glycans of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein derived from insect cells. In a cell-free sequential one-pot reaction, fucosylated and afucosylated paucimannose-type N-glycans were converted to complex-type galactosylated N-glycans. In the future, this in-vitro glycoengineering approach can be used to efficiently generate a wide range of N-glycans on antigens considered as vaccine candidates for animal trials and preclinical testing to better characterize the impact of N-glycosylation on immunity and to improve the efficacy of protein subunit vaccines.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Virulent Klebsiella Phage Kp_Pokalde_002 in a Mouse Model
Authors: Dhungana Gunaraj , Nepal Roshan , Regmi Madhav , Malla Rajani 
Published: August 2021

Phage therapy is one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics as we face global antibiotic resistance crisis. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of phage therapy are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the PK/PD of a locally isolated virulent novel øKp_Pokalde_002 (Podoviridae, C1 morphotype) that infects carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(Kp56) using oral and intraperitoneal (IP) route in a mouse model. The result showed that the øKp_Pokalde_002 rapidly distributed into the systemic circulation within an hourviaboth oral and IP routes. A higher concentration of phage in plasma was found after 4 h (2.3 x 105PFU/ml) and 8 h (7.3 x 104PFU/ml) of administration through IP and oral route, respectively. The phage titer significantly decreased in the blood and other tissues, liver, kidneys, and spleen after 24 h and completely cleared after 72 h of administration. In the Kp56 infection model, the bacterial count significantly decreased in the blood and other organs by 4–7 log10CFU/ml after 24 h of øKp_Pokalde_002 administration. Elimination half-life of øKp_Pokalde_002 was relatively shorter in the presence of host-bacteria Kp56 compared to phage only, suggesting rapid clearance of phage in the presence of susceptible host. Further, administration of the øKp_Pokalde_002 alone in healthy mice (viaIP or oral) did not stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Also, treatment with øKp_Pokalde_002 resulted in a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) caused by bacterial infection, thereby reducing the tissue inflammation. In conclusion, the øKp_Pokalde_002 possess good PK/PD properties and can be considered as a potent therapeutic candidate for future phage therapy in carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaeinfections.
Oral Microbiota Composition and Function Changes During Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis
Authors: Lyu Xin , Zheng Hui , Wang Xu , Zhang Heyu , Gao Lu , Xun Zhe , Zhang Qian , He Xuesong , Hua Hong , Yan Zhimin , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2021

Oral microbiota is constantly changing with the host state, whereas the oral microbiome of chronic erythematous candidiasis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare oral microbial signatures and functional profiling between chronic erythematous candidiasis and healthy subjects. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed the microbiome in 12 chronic erythematous candidiasis, 12 healthy subjects, and 2 chronic erythematous candidiasis cured by antifungal therapy. We found that the salivary microbiota of chronic erythematous candidiasis was significantly different from that of healthy subjects. Among them, Rothia mucilaginosa and Streptococcus mitis were the most abundant disease-enriched species (Mann-Whitney U-test, P &lt; 0.05). In addition, co-occurrence network analysis showed that C. albicans formed densely connected modules with oral bacterial species and was mainly positive connected to Streptococcus species. Furthermore, we investigated the functional potentials of the microbiome and identified a set of microbial marker genes associated with chronic erythematous candidiasis. Some of these genes enriching in chronic erythematous candidiasis are involved in eukaryotic ribosome, putative glutamine transport system, and cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit. Altogether, this study revealed the changes of oral microbial composition, the co-occurrence between C. albicans and oral bacteria, as well as the changes of microbial marker genes during chronic erythematous candidiasis, which provides evidence of oral microbiome as a target for the treatment and prevention of chronic erythematous candidiasis.
Downregulation of miR-181b-5p Inhibits the Viability, Migration, and Glycolysis of Gallbladder Cancer by Upregulating PDHX Under Hypoxia
Authors: Qin Yiyu , Zheng Yongliang , Huang Cheng , Li Yuanyuan , Gu Min , Wu Qin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Evidences have shown that miRNAs are closely related to the occurrence of GBC; thus, we aimed to explore miRNAs, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of GBC.MethodsMicroarray analysis was performed to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs between five non-neoplastic gallbladder tissues (normal tissues) and five gallbladder tumor tissues (tumor tissues). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the level of miR-181b-5p in cells, and CCK-8 was performed to detect cell viability. Then, glucose assay kit or lactic acid assay kit was performed to detect the level of glucose consumption or lactate production. Next, transwell and wound healing assays were used to assess cell migration. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the relationship between miR-181b-5p and PDHX. At last, Western blotting was performed to determine the protein level of PDHX.ResultsMicroarray analysis suggested miR-181b-5p was significantly upregulated in GBC tumor tissue. KEGG analysis for the protein targets of miR-181b-5p indicates a close relationship existed between miR-181b-5p and glycolysis. In addition, the level of miR-181b-5p was notably increased in GBC-SD or G415 cells, compared with HIBEpiC cells. GBC cell viability was significantly decreased under hypoxia, and these decreases were exacerbated by miR-181b-5p antagomir. Moreover, glucose consumption or lactate production of GBC cells was significantly upregulated under hypoxia, whereas these increases were completely revered by miR-181b-5p antagomir. Further investigation revealed that PDHX was a direct target of miR-181b-5p.ConclusionIn this study, downregulation of miR-181b-5p inhibits the viability, migration, and glycolysis of GBC by upregulating PDHX under hypoxia. This finding suggested that miR-181b-5p might be considered as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of GBC.
Higher Serum Lysophosphatidic Acids Predict Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wen Haichu , You Hongzhao , Li Yulin , Ma Ke , Jiao Meng , Wu Shaowei , You Shijie , Huang Jie , Su Junwu , Gu Yan , Wang Zhiyuan , Zheng Ping , Shui Guanghou , Wang Yuan , Jin Mei , Du Jie 
Published: August 2021

Background: The prognosis of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (PDCM) is highly variable, ranging from death to cardiac function recovery. Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) represents a favorable prognosis in PDCM. Disturbance of lipid metabolism is associated with the change of cardiac function, but no studies have examined lipidomics data and LVRR.Methods: Discovery analyses were based on 540 targeted lipids in an observational, prospective China—AOCC (An Integrative-Omics Study of Cardiomyopathy Patients for Diagnosis and Prognosis in China) study. The OPLS-DA and random forest (RF) analysis were used to screen the candidate lipids. Associations of the candidate lipids were examined in Cox proportional hazards regression models. Furthermore, we developed a risk score comprising the significant lipids, with each attributed a score of 1 when the concentration was above the median. All significant findings were replicated in a validation set of the China-AOCC study.Results: There were 59 patients in the discovery set and 24 patients in the validation set. LVRR was observed in 27 patients (32.5%). After adjusting for age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) z-score, lysophosphatidic acids (LysoPA) 16:0, LysoPA 18:2, LysoPA 18:1, and LysoPA 18:0 were significantly associated with LVRR in the discovery set, and hazard ratios (HRs) were 2.793 (95% CI, 1.545–5.048), 2.812 (95% CI, 1.542–5.128), 2.831 (95% CI, 1.555–5.154), and 2.782 (95% CI, 1.548-5.002), respectively. We developed a LysoPA score comprising the four LysoPA. When the LysoPA score reached 4, LVRR was more likely to be observed in both sets. The AUC increased with the addition of the LysoPA score to the LVEDD z-score (from 0.693 to 0.875 in the discovery set, from 0.708 to 0.854 in the validation set) for prediction of LVRR.Conclusions: Serum LysoPA can predict LVRR in PDCM patients. When the LysoPA score was combined with the LVEDD z-score, it may help in ascertaining the prognosis and monitoring effects of anti-heart failure pharmacotherapy.
Early Prediction of Multiple Organ Dysfunction in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bose Sanjukta N. , Greenstein Joseph L. , Fackler James C. , Sarma Sridevi V. , Winslow Raimond L. , Bembea Melania M. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:The objective of the study is to build models for early prediction of risk for developing multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients.Design:The design of the study is a retrospective observational cohort study.Setting:The setting of the study is at a single academic PICU at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.Patients:The patients included in the study were &lt;18 years of age admitted to the PICU between July 2014 and October 2015.Measurements and main results:Organ dysfunction labels were generated every minute from preceding 24-h time windows using the International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference (IPSCC) and Proulx et al. MOD criteria. Early MOD prediction models were built using four machine learning methods: random forest, XGBoost, GLMBoost, and Lasso-GLM. An optimal threshold learned from training data was used to detect high-risk alert events (HRAs). The early prediction models from all methods achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve ≥0.91 for both IPSCC and Proulx criteria. The best performance in terms of maximum F1-score was achieved with random forest (sensitivity: 0.72, positive predictive value: 0.70, F1-score: 0.71) and XGBoost (sensitivity: 0.8, positive predictive value: 0.81, F1-score: 0.81) for IPSCC and Proulx criteria, respectively. The median early warning time was 22.7 h for random forest and 37 h for XGBoost models for IPSCC and Proulx criteria, respectively. Applying spectral clustering on risk-score trajectories over 24 h following early warning provided a high-risk group with ≥0.93 positive predictive value.Conclusions:Early predictions from risk-based patient monitoring could provide more than 22 h of lead time for MOD onset, with ≥0.93 positive predictive value for a high-risk group identified pre-MOD.
Drug-Related Problems of Patients in Primary Health Care Institutions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ni Xiao-Feng , Yang Chun-Song , Bai Yu-Mei , Hu Zi-Xian , Zhang Ling-Li 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are not only detrimental to patients' physical health and quality of life but also lead to a serious waste of health care resources. The condition of DRPs might be more severe for patients in primary health care institutions.Objective: This systematic review aims to comprehensively review the characteristics of DRPs for patients in primary health care institutions, which might help find effective strategies to identify, prevent, and intervene with DRPs in the future.Methods: We searched three English databases (Embase, The Cochrane Library, and PubMed) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang). Two of the researchers independently conducted literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction. Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to analyze the data.Results: From the 3,368 articles screened, 27 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The median (inter-quartile range, IQR) of the incidences of DRPs was 70.04% (59%), and the median (IQR) of the average number of DRPs per patient was 3.4 (2.8). The most common type of DRPs was “treatment safety.” The causes of DRPs were mainly in the prescribing section, including “drug selection” and “dose selection”, while patients' poor adherence in the use section was also an important cause of DRPs. Risk factors such as the number of medicines, age, and disease condition were positively associated with the occurrence of DRPs. In addition, the medians (IQR) of the rate of accepted interventions, implemented interventions, and solved DRPs were 78.8% (22.3%), 64.15% (16.85%), and 76.99% (26.09%), respectively.Conclusion: This systematic review showed that the condition of DRPs in primary health care institutions was serious. In pharmaceutical practice, the patients with risk factors of DRPs should be monitored more closely. Pharmacists could play important roles in the identification and intervention of DRPs, and more effective intervention strategies need to be established in the future.