bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competence committees: The steep climb from concept to implementation
Authors: Acai Anita , Cupido Nathan , Weavers Aliana , Saperson Karen , Ladhani Moyez , Cameron Sharon , Sonnadara Ranil R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCompetence committees (CCs) are groups of educators tasked with reviewing resident progress throughout their training, making decisions regarding the achievement of Entrustable Professional Activities and recommendations regarding promotion and remediation. CCs have been mandated as part of competency‐based medical education programmes worldwide; however, there has yet to be a thorough examination of the implementation challenges they face and how this impacts their functioning and decision‐making processes. This study examined CC implementation at a Canadian institution, documenting the shared and unique challenges that CCs faced and overcame over a 3‐year period.MethodsThis study consisted of three phases, which were conceptually and analytically linked using Moran‐Ellis and colleagues’ notion of ‘following a thread.’ Phase 1 examined the early perceptions and experiences of 30 key informants using a survey and semi‐structured interviews. Phase 2 provided insight into CCs’ operations through a survey sent to 35 CC chairs 1‐year post‐implementation. Phase 3 invited 20 CC members to participate in semi‐structured interviews to follow up on initial themes 2 years post‐implementation. Detailed observation notes from 16 CC meetings across nine disciplines were used to corroborate the findings from each phase.ResultsResponse rates in each phase were 83% (n = 25), 43% (n = 15) and 60% (n = 12), respectively. Despite the high degree of support for CCs among faculty and resident members, several ongoing challenges were highlighted: adapting to programme size, optimising membership, engaging residents, maintaining capacity among members, sharing and aggregating data and developing a clear mandate.DiscussionFindings of this study reinforce the importance of resident engagement and information sharing between disciplines. Challenges faced by CCs are discussed in relation to the existing literature to inform a better understanding of group decision‐making processes in medical education. Future research could compare implementation practices across sites and explore which adaptations lead to better or worse decision‐making outcomes.
Improving the speed of global parallel optimization on PDE models with processor affinity scheduling
Authors: Xia Wei , Shoemaker Christine A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParallel global optimization of expensive simulation models like nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) can speed up model calibration or project design decisions, but the impact of memory management on the efficiency of using parallel global optimization methods has not been previously studied. This paper quantifies cache memory limitations arising during parallel optimization of expensive PDE models. An efficient parallel optimization algorithm is applied to model calibration for two different, expensive real‐world PDEs (i.e., hydrodynamic and water quality analysis for a 250‐hectare lake). One of these two lake models takes 4.5 h per simulation in serial, but that PDE simulation time per simulation increases to 12 h with parallel optimization if default processor scheduling strategy is used on a modern nonuniform memory access multicore platform. We proposed a novel mixed affinity scheduling strategy for parallel simulation optimization that increases computational efficiency by as much as 20% over the default affinity strategy.
Examining shark bite scars on dolphins off Bimini, The Bahamas: Comparisons between bottlenose and Atlantic spotted dolphins
Authors: Melillo‐Sweeting Kelly , Maust‐Mohl Maria , Smukall Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShark predation risk impacts many facets of dolphin life, including habitat use and foraging strategies. Because direct predation is rarely observed, researchers instead examine dolphins in situ for past injuries that can be attributed to sharks. We analyzed existing photo‐ID catalogs of common bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) off Bimini, The Bahamas. A minimum of 29% of individual T. truncatus had evidence of a past, nonlethal shark bite, while for S. frontalis this was only 15%. For both species, shark‐induced injuries were predominantly on the dorsal side. Regression analyses indicated that T. truncatus were more likely to have shark bite scars than S. frontalis and the likelihood of documenting a shark bite scar increased with a higher percentage of the body photographed. T. truncatus were less likely to have scars in the dorsal region, but sampling differences could have influenced these results. While the shark species responsible for scars was not determined, T. truncatus and S. frontalis overlap spatially and temporally with tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) and bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) off Bimini. This study builds on the understanding of dolphin/shark interactions from longitudinal studies of dolphins in this region, providing insight into factors influencing predation risk.
Southern right whales generally appear not to react to transiting research vessels
Authors: Argüelles María Belén , Coscarella Mariano , Fiorito Carla , Bertellotti Marcelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReactions of southern right whales (SRWs) related to whale‐watching boats have been reported in Patagonia, but there are no quantitative data showing how these whales react to boats not preforming whale‐watching trips. The objective of this study was to investigate the reaction of SRWs to transiting vessels. Data were collected off the coast of Puerto Madryn city, and were analyzed by means of cumulative logit models, using the whales' intensity of behavioral response as an ordinal dependent variable. During the experimental approaches of a research vessel, we found that the response of SRWs differed depending on the number of whales present. The results of this study show that the probability of response to transiting vessels is low, unless there are only a few whales in a group, or it is a mating group. This response is different from that of an approaching whale‐watching vessel. In this study, the lack of reaction of whales to the research vessel suggests that whales would not consider it as a threat. This study represents an important piece of information for the conservation of southern right whales.
Melatonin as an adjunctive treatment on dental procedures: A systematic review
Authors: de Oliveira Perdo Henrique Chaves , Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo , Cantiga‐Silva Cristiane , Faria Flávio Duarte , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe systematic review tried to answer the following question: Does the melatonin administered systemically or topically ameliorate patients involved with oral health conditions or dental procedures? The systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO (2021CRD42021095959). Eligibility criteria included only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 10 participants that compared patients that received melatonin as a treatment before and/or after their oral intervention topically or systemically, with control patients. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Academic Google databases for articles up to February 2021. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized clinical trials was used and revealed that the studies included presented low risk of bias for the majority of criteria assessed. It was selected 25 articles, of which only six did not demonstrate positive effects and three presented null effects with the use of melatonin. Melatonin has improved the inflammatory response in periodontal disease, dental surgeries, and mucositis of head and neck oncologic irradiated patients. In addition, it showed anxiolytic potential in patients that were submitted to dental procedures. In conclusion, melatonin favored the treatment of oral changes when used topically and systemically.
Experiences of Indigenous peoples in Canada with primary health care services: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Barbo Geneveave , Alam Sharmin , Kiafar Anita 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objectives of this review are to aggregate and synthesize experiences of Indigenous peoples in Canada when receiving primary health care services; differentiate experiences from services provided in urban versus rural or remote settings; and identify recommendations to enhance quality of primary health care provision.

Introduction:
Primary health care plays a crucial role in overall population health and health equity. In Canada, Indigenous peoples continue to face disproportionate health disparities. Survey and qualitative studies on the experiences of Indigenous populations with primary health care services reveal alarming findings of inadequate health care access, racial discrimination, negligence, and cultural insensitivities. However, these studies do not entirely assess the primary care and essential public health functions component. This protocol will be the first qualitative systematic review to thoroughly synthesize Indigenous peoples’ overall primary health care experiences across all Canada, in both rural and urban settings.

Inclusion criteria:
The population of interest is self-identified Indigenous peoples, who have first- and/or second-hand experience receiving primary health care services in Canada, regardless of their age, gender, or medical condition. Our focus is on patients’ experiences in contexts where primary health care services are delivered in Canada. Only qualitative studies in English or French will be considered.

Methods:
MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science will be used as information sources in addition to Google Scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and other relevant organization websites. Two independent reviewers will perform the screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction of selected articles. Results will then be synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020192353
Communication skills in dietetic practice: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Knight Annemarie , Palermo Claire , Reedy Gabriel , Whelan Kevin 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to examine and map the evidence regarding communication skills in dietetic practice and the education strategies used to develop them. Specifically, the review will address usage in practice, perceptions, and experiences, as well as the teaching and assessment of communication skills in student dietitians and dietitians.

Introduction:
Communication skills are a key element of practice for dietitians. Dietetic practice is evolving, and there is a need to explore the breadth of literature on communication skills for contemporary practice and how these skills are taught.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider empirical research on dietitians’ or nutritionists’ communication skills. This will include skills used in dietitian–patient communication, in communication interactions in different employment contexts, and diverse forms of communication (verbal, written, technological). We will consider the views of student dietitians, dietitians, and patients, as well as evidence regarding how communication skills are taught and assessed in dietetics. Sources may include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, and qualitative studies.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO. There will be no date limits. Reference lists of eligible studies will be back-searched. Google Scholar will be used for forward citation tracking. Conference proceedings from the previous five years will be searched for eight conferences of the professional associations of dietetics and health care education. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and WorldCat Dissertations and Theses will be searched for unpublished literature. The findings will be summarized in tabular format and a narrative synthesis.
Age and tectonic setting of the Quinebaug-Marlboro belt and implications for the history of Ganderian crustal fragments in southeastern New England, USA
Authors: Walsh Gregory J. , Aleinikoff John N. , Ayuso Robert A. , Wintsch Robert P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Crustal fragments underlain by high-grade rocks represent a challenge to plate reconstructions, and integrated mapping, geochronology, and geochemistry enable the unravelling of the temporal and spatial history of exotic crustal blocks. The Quinebaug-Marlboro belt (QMB) is an enigmatic fragment on the trailing edge of the peri-Gondwanan Ganderian margin of southeastern New England. SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry indicate the presence of Ediacaran to Cambrian metamorphosed volcanic and intrusive rocks dated for the first time between ca. 540–500 Ma. The entire belt may preserve a cryptic, internal stratigraphy that is truncated by subsequent faulting. Detrital zircons from metapelite in the overlying Nashoba and Tatnic Hill Formations indicate deposition between ca. 485–435 Ma, with provenance from the underlying QMB or Ganderian crust. The Preston Gabbro (418 ± 3 Ma) provides a minimum age for the QMB. Mafic rocks are tholeiitic with trace elements that resemble arc and E-MORB sources, and samples with negative Nb-Ta anomalies are similar to arc-like rocks, but others show no negative Nb-Ta anomaly and are similar to rocks from E-MORB to OIB or backarc settings. Geochemistry points to a mixture of sources that include both mantle and continental crust. Metamorphic zircon, monazite, and titanite ages range from 400 to 305 Ma and intrusion of granitoids and migmatization occurred between 410 and 325 Ma. Age and chemistry support correlations with the Ellsworth terrane in Maine and the Penobscot arc and backarc system in Maritime Canada. The arc-rifting zone where the Mariana arc and the Mariana backarc basin converge is a possible modern analog.
Individual and combined contributions of age-specific and sex-specific pulse pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity to the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wu Yuntao , Han Xu , Gao Jingli , Wang Yanxiu , Zhu Chenrui , Huang Zhe , Xing Aijun , Chen Shuohua , Ma Yihan , Zheng Mengyi , Liu Qian , Tian Yaohua , Wu Shouling 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of age-specific and sex-specific pulse pressure (PP) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) on the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsParticipants in the Kailuan study cohort who were ≥20 years old, participated in follow-up assessments and underwent baPWV measurements in 2010–2011, 2012–2013, and 2014–2015 were studied. The participants were allocated to four groups according to their PP and baPWV status, each categorized as high or normal, according to age-specific and sex-specific median values. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the individual and combined effects of PP and baPWV on the incidence of diabetes mellitus.ResultsThere were 18 619 participants who were followed for 4.27±1.91 years. A total of 877 new cases of diabetes were identified, and the incidence density was 11.03/1000 per year. Using the normal PP and normal baPWV group as the reference group, the multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for diabetes mellitus in the high PP and high baPWV groups were 1.08 (0.93 to 1.25) and 1.64 (1.41 to 1.90), respectively. Compared with the normal PP/baPWV group, the HR and 95% CI for diabetes in the normal PP/high baPWV, the high PP/normal baPWV, and high PP/baPWV groups were 1.66 (1.35 to 2.05), 1.09 (0.86 to 1.37), and 1.74 (1.43 to 2.13), respectively.ConclusionsHigh baPWV was independently associated with a higher risk of diabetes mellitus, and individuals with both high baPWV and high PP were at a still higher risk of diabetes mellitus.
Cost comparison between botulinum neurotoxin and surgery in the treatment of infantile esotropia in a tertiary public hospital
Authors: Mayet Ismail , McGee Shelley-Ann , Ally Naseer , Alli Hassan Dawood , Tikly Mohammed , Williams Susan Eileen 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the cost implications of botulinum neurotoxin (BNT) injection to surgery in infantile esotropia (IE) in a public/government funded hospital.Methods and analysisA simple costing comparison was undertaken for a randomised clinical trial in IE. Patients were randomised to receive either BNT or standard surgery. The participants in the BNT arm were further subdivided into subgroups based on their age in months and degree of esotropia in prism dioptres (PD) at presentation: G1 ≤60 PD/24 months, G2 ≤24 months/>60 PD, G3 >24 months/≤60 PD, G4 >24 months/>60 PD. The costs were calculated for each arm from primary treatment to eventual satisfactory outcome defined as orthophoria or microtropia (≤10 PD). A bottom-up costing analysis was done for single and multiple procedures for each arm. Comprehensive variable costs as well as fixed costs were calculated at each point of intervention and expressed in local currency ZAR (US$1=ZAR15.00). Costing was analysed for surgery and BNT subgroups (based on clinical success)ResultsThere were 101 patients enrolled in the trial. 54 in the BNT arm and 47 in the surgery arm. Cost for single surgery and single BNT was ZAR 7743.04 and 1713.14, respectively. A favourable clinical outcome was achieved in 72% of surgery arm and 37% of BNT arm. The mean cost for eventual favourable outcome in BNT arm was ZAR9158.08 and in surgery arm ZAR9124.27 (p=0.26). Mean cost in G1 was ZAR6328.45, in G2 ZAR7197.45, in G3 ZAR11891.93 and G4 ZAR12882.44 (p=0.018).ConclusionBNT has a cost–benefit in IE and is a viable option in the primary treatment of IE in resource constrained regions. Clinical outcomes and economic benefit in smaller angle of esotropia and younger patients are comparable to surgery.
Effects of lockdown on acute coronary syndrome incidence in an area without community transmission of COVID-19
Authors: Ferreira David , Graffen Simon , Watkins Brendan , Peters Bridie , Lim Geok Jim , Kamalanathan Harish , Leitch James , Sverdlov Aaron , Collins Nicholas , Boyle Andrew , Davies Allan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the changes in cardiac hospitalisations, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) during COVID-19 isolation compared with prior time periods in an area of low COVID-19 disease incidence.MethodsReview of all cardiology admissions, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requiring urgent catheter laboratory activation and OOHCA. The 10-week period of government-imposed social isolation (23 March–31 May 2020) was compared with the same period in 2018, 2019 and a 10-week period prior to social isolation (6 January–15 March 2020). Incidence rate ratios were calculated. Symptom to balloon time was also compared for those requiring catheterisation laboratory activation for STEMI.ResultsThe incidence of COVID-19 in the health district was 0.14 per 100 000 per day during the isolation period. There was a significant reduction in cardiology hospitalisations, NSTEMI and STEMI presentations without changes in OOHCA or symptom to balloon time for STEMI.ConclusionsWe observed a significant decline in cardiology presentations during social isolation without widespread COVID-19 disease. This provides further evidence for the important influence of social and behavioural factors on coronary event rates.
ДОСВІД МЕДИЧНОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ХАРКІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ В. Н. КАРАЗІНА В ГАЛУЗІ ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ: СПРИЯТЛИВІ ФАКТОРИ ТА ОБМЕЖЕННЯ
Authors: Гайдукова О. О. , Ніколенко Є. Я. , Кратенко Г. С. 
Published: June 2021

Актуальність статті обґрунтовується беззаперечним впливом процесів інтернаціоналізації як на ефективність, так і на міжнародну конкурентоспроможність університетів, внаслідок чого вони перетворюються на активних учасників світового ринку освітніх послуг.
У статті визначено основні особливості інтернаціоналізації освіти у Харківському національному університеті імені В. Н. Каразіна в умовах глобалізації та проаналізовано основні акценти інтернаціоналізації. Відзначено, що університет здійснює активну роботу над міжнародним іміджем та підвищенням привабливості серед іноземців і має значні успіхи, про що свідчать високі рейтингові місця у міжнародних системах ранжування. Медичний факультет також поступово долучається до використання можливостей інформаційних технологій, а відтак і технологій дистанційної освіти для інтернаціоналізації вищої медичної освіти, що відкриває нові перспективи і можливості. В університеті акцентовано увагу на академічній мобільності та створюються сприятливі умови для її реалізації. Участь у міжнародних наукових колабораціях, конференціях, форумах, програмах двостороннього і багатостороннього міждержавного обміну в рамках міжнародних освітніх та наукових програм є одним із головних напрямів інтернаціоналізації. У статті висвітлено питання місця інтернаціоналізації вищої освіти у стратегічному управлінні університетом; зазначено останні інтернаціоналізаційні тенденції; перераховано позитивні аспекти інтернаціоналізації вищої освіти, а також елементи, які необхідно розвивати в умовах інтернаціоналізації.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВИКЛАДАЧА МЕДИЧНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Кліщ І. П. 
Published: June 2021

Актуальність дослідження зумовлена суттєвими змінами у функціонуванні закладів вищої освіти (ЗВО) щодо підготовки нової генерації фахівців. Можливість концептуально осмислити об’єктивні зв’язки між елементами, компонентами, етапами процесу підготовки майбутніх викладачів медичного ЗВО дозволяє процес моделювання. Мета статті – на основі наукових ідей теоретично обґрунтувати наявні підходи до проблеми моделювання професійної діяльності майбутніх фахівців медичних ЗВО. Під час проведення дослідження було застосовано такі методи науково-педагогічного дослідження: системний аналіз, синтез та узагальнення науково-педагогічної літератури, моделювання. Результати дослідження: 1) моделювання дозволяє прогнозувати розвиток педагогічного процесу, орієнтує викладачів на досягнення кінцевих результатів навчання, забезпечує засвоєння й ефективне використання нових технологій, розвиває системне бачення розв’язання проблем, служить дійовим фактором поліпшення якості роботи ЗВО; 2) завдання моделювання професійної підготовки викладача медичного ЗВО полягає у встановленні відповідності між вимогами до підготовки викладача і фактичним обсягом професійних знань та вмінь, рівнем його компетентності, зокрема передбачає опис еталонних вимог до нього як фахівця: функцій, які він має виконувати на робочому місці; задач, які повинен вміти розв’язувати; професійних компетентностей, які дозволяють фахівцю виконувати посадові обов’язки високопрофесійно, творчо, інноваційно; 3) моделювання професійної підготовки викладача передбачає побудову моделі, що являє собою сукупність цільового, мотиваційного, теоретико-методологічного, змістовно-технологічного, рефлексивно-аналітичного, результативно-оцінювального компонентів, які в сукупності створюють фундамент для формування компетентностей, що визначають готовність майбутніх фахівців медичної сфери до професійної діяльності у медичному ЗВО.