bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of the implementation of a decision support system to prevent and treat disease-related malnutrition in a hospital setting
Authors: Paulsen Mari Mohn , Varsi Cecilie , Andersen Lene Frost 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is present in 30% of hospitalized patients and has adverse outcomes for the patient and the healthcare system. The current practice for nutritional care is associated with many barriers. The MyFood decision support system was developed to prevent and treat malnutrition.MethodsThis paper reports on a process evaluation that was completed within an effectiveness trial. MyFood is a digital tool with an interface consisting of an app and a website. MyFood includes functions to record and evaluate dietary intake. It also provides reports to nurses, including tailored recommendations for nutritional treatment. We used an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design in a randomized controlled trial. The RE-AIM (Reach, Efficiency, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework was used to perform a process evaluation alongside the randomized controlled trial, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. An implementation plan, including implementation strategies, was developed to plan and guide the study.ResultsReach:In total, 88% of eligible patients consented to participate (n = 100).Adoption: Approximately 75% of the nurses signed up to use MyFood and 50% used the reports.Implementation: MyFood empowered the patients in their nutritional situation and acted as a motivation to eat to reach their nutritional target. The compliance of using MyFood was higher among the patients than the nurses. A barrier for use of MyFood among the nurses was different digital systems which were not integrated and the log-in procedure to the MyFood website. Despite limited use by some nurses, the majority of the nurses claimed that MyFood was useful, better than the current practice, and should be implemented in the healthcare system.ConclusionsThis study used a process evaluation to interpret the results of a randomized controlled trial more in-depth. The patients were highly compliant, however, the compliance was lower among the nurses. MyFood empowered the patients in their nutritional situation, the usability was considered as high, and the experiences and attitudes towards MyFood were primarily positive. Focus on strategies to improve the nurses’ compliance may in the future improve the MyFood system’s potential.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov 26/01/2018 (NCT03412695).
Optimally biosynthesized, PEGylated gold nanoparticles functionalized with quercetin and camptothecin enhance potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities
Authors: Sadalage Priyadarshani S. , Patil Reshma V. , Havaldar Darshana V. , Gavade Shruti S. , Santos Ana Cláudia , Pawar Kiran D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The development of nano delivery systems is rapidly emerging area of nanotechnology applications where nanomaterials (NMs) are employed to deliver therapeutic agents to specific site in a controlled manner. To accomplish this, green synthesis of NMs is widely explored as an eco-friendly method for the development of smart drug delivery system. In the recent times, use of green synthesized NMs, especially metallic NMs have fascinated the scientific community as they are excellent carriers for drugs. This work demonstrates optimized green, biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for functionalization with quercetin (QT) and camptothecin (CPT) to enhance potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities of these drugs.

Results
Gold nanoparticles were optimally synthesized in 8 min of reaction at 90 °C, pH 6, using 4 mM of HAuCl4 and 4:1 ratio of extract: HAuCl4. Among different capping agents tested, capping of AuNPs with polyethylene glycol 9000 (PG9) was found best suited prior to functionalization. PG9 capped AuNPs were optimally functionalized with QT in 1 h reaction at 70 °C, pH 7, using 1200 ppm of QT and 1:4 ratio of AuNPs-PG9:QT whereas, CPT was best functionalized at RT in 1 h, pH 12, AuNPs-PG9:CPT ratio of 1:1, and 0.5 mM of CPT. QT functionalized AuNPs showed good anti-cancer activity (IC50 687.44 µg/mL) against MCF-7 cell line whereas test of anti-inflammatory activity also showed excellent activity (IC50 287.177 mg/L). The CAM based assessment of anti-angiogenic activity of CPT functionalized AuNPs demonstrated the inhibition of blood vessel branching confirming the anti-angiogenic effect.

Conclusions
Thus, present study demonstrates that optimally synthesized biogenic AuNPs are best suited for the functionalization with drugs such as QT and CPT. The functionalization of these drugs with biogenic AuNPs enhances the potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities of these drugs, therefore can be used in biomedical application.
Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis: a functional meta-analysis of sex-based differences in transcriptomic studies
Authors: Català-Senent José F. , Hidalgo Marta R. , Berenguer Marina , Parthasarathy Gopanandan , Malhi Harmeet , Malmierca-Merlo Pablo , de la Iglesia-Vayá María , García-García Francisco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have described sex-based differences in the epidemiological and clinical patterns of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, we understand relatively little regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein, we present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of NAFLD transcriptomic studies to identify sex-based differences in the molecular mechanisms involved during the steatosis (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) stages of the disease.MethodsTranscriptomic studies in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were systematically reviewed following the PRISMA statement guidelines. For each study, NAFL and NASH in premenopausal women and men were compared using a dual strategy: gene-set analysis and pathway activity analysis. Finally, the functional results of all studies were integrated into a meta-analysis.ResultsWe reviewed a total of 114 abstracts and analyzed seven studies that included 323 eligible patients. The meta-analyses identified significantly altered molecular mechanisms between premenopausal women and men, including the overrepresentation of genes associated with DNA regulation, vinculin binding, interleukin-2 responses, negative regulation of neuronal death, and the transport of ions and cations in premenopausal women. In men, we discovered the overrepresentation of genes associated with the negative regulation of interleukin-6 and the establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis of transcriptomic data provides a powerful approach to identify sex-based differences in NAFLD. We detected differences in relevant biological functions and molecular terms between premenopausal women and men. Differences in immune responsiveness between men and premenopausal women with NAFLD suggest that women possess a more immune tolerant milieu, while men display an impaired liver regenerative response.Graphical abstract
Commentary: on the effects of health expenditure on infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from panel data analysis
Authors: Byaro Mwoya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This commentary assesses critically the published article in the Health Economics Review. 2020; 10 (1), 1–9. It explains the effects of health expenditure on infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa using a panel data analysis (i.e. random effects) over the year 2000–2015 extracted from the World Bank Development Indicators. The paper is well written and deserve careful attention.

Main text
The main reasons for inaccurate estimates observed in this paper are due to endogeneity issue with random effects panel estimators. It occurs when two or more variables simultaneously affect/cause each other. In this paper, the presence of endogeneity bias (i.e. education, health, health care expenditures and real GDP per capita variables) and its omitted variable bias leads to inaccurate estimates and conclusion. Random effects model require strict exogeneity of regressors. Moreover, frequentist/classic estimation (i.e. random effects) relies on sampling size and likelihood of the data in a specified model without considering other kinds of uncertainty.

Conclusion
This comment argues future studies on health expenditures versus health outcomes (i.e. infant, under-five and neonates mortality) to use either dynamic panel (i.e. system Generalized Method of Moments, GMM) to control endogeneity issues among health (infant or neonates mortality), GDP per capita, education and health expenditures variables or adopting Bayesian framework to adjust uncertainty (i.e. confounding, measurement errors and endogeneity of variables) within a range of probability distribution.
Good living of communities and sustainability of the hydropower business: mapping an operational framework for benefit sharing
Authors: Jiménez-Inchima Indira , Polanco Jorge-Andrés , Escobar-Sierra Manuela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe negative impact of hydropower companies is cushioned frequently through compensation that is proportional neither to the needs of communities nor to the energy business. Considering the dependence of hydropower on the environment, it is unclear how the good living of communities can be combined with the long-term sustainability of power companies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish a benefit sharing scheme between hydropower companies and local communities. We conducted a systematic literature review using a sequential mixed-method approach. In the first stage, we performed a quantitative bibliometric analysis, and its results, described in Model 1.0, were the basis of the second stage. Consequently, in the second stage, we conducted a content analysis of 40 documents to enrich the previous version of the model in Framework 2.0. After completing both the methodological stages, we prepared a theoretical operational framework for benefit sharing based on collaborative governance that assigned different specific weights for companies and local communities. Equal benefit sharing is the result of an adaptive process that depends on (1) the performance of companies, (2) the level of empowerment of communities and (3) the state’s capacity to intervene in setting rules of engagement that help reduce power asymmetries between companies and the society.
Scratching the surface: the use of sheepskin parchment to deter textual erasure in early modern legal deeds
Authors: Doherty Sean Paul , Henderson Stuart , Fiddyment Sarah , Finch Jonathan , Collins Matthew J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Historic legal deeds are one of the most abundant resources in British archives, but also one of the most neglected. Despite the millions that survive, we know remarkably little about their manufacture, including the species of animal on which they were written. Here we present the species identification of 645 sixteenth–twentieth century skins via peptide mass fingerprinting (ZooMS), demonstrating the preferential use of sheepskin parchment. We argue that alongside their abundance and low cost, the use of sheepskins over those of other species was motivated by the increased visibility of fraudulent text erasure and modification afforded by the unique structure of their skin.
Otorhinolaryngology services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains to be a global pandemic and cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Since the mode of transmission of the virus from one person to another is through respiratory droplets, saliva, and fomites, otorhinolaryngologists are highly exposed to COVID-19 while executing their daily functions. Examination of anatomic sites like the nose and throat exposes the otorhinolaryngologist to possible contact with bodily fluids from the patient. Such examination also requires maintenance of close contact with the patient further increasing the exposure risk. Despite the heightened odds of contracting COVID-19 infection during their routine practice, otorhinolaryngologists in Tanzania have continued managing patients while adhering to the available local guidelines aimed at protecting themselves and also the patients from COVID-19. The aim of this letter it to oversee the current status of otorhinolaryngology services in Tanzania during this era of COVID-19 pandemic.
Emerging methods for the characterization of ischemic heart disease: ultrafast Doppler angiography, micro-CT, photon-counting CT, novel MRI and PET techniques, and artificial intelligence
Authors: Willemink Martin J. , Varga-Szemes Akos , Schoepf U. Joseph , Codari Marina , Nieman Koen , Fleischmann Dominik , Mastrodicasa Domenico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAfter an ischemic event, disruptive changes in the healthy myocardium may gradually develop and may ultimately turn into fibrotic scar. While these structural changes have been described by conventional imaging modalities mostly on a macroscopic scale—i.e., late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—in recent years, novel imaging methods have shown the potential to unveil an even more detailed picture of the postischemic myocardial phenomena. These new methods may bring advances in the understanding of ischemic heart disease with potential major changes in the current clinical practice. In this review article, we provide an overview of the emerging methods for the non-invasive characterization of ischemic heart disease, including coronary ultrafast Doppler angiography, photon-counting computed tomography (CT), micro-CT (for preclinical studies), low-field and ultrahigh-field MRI, and 11C-methionine positron emission tomography. In addition, we discuss new opportunities brought by artificial intelligence, while addressing promising future scenarios and the challenges for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of cardiac imaging.
Comparative environmental impact evaluation using life cycle assessment approach: a case study of integrated membrane-filtration system for the treatment of aerobically-digested palm oil mill effluent
Authors: Teow Yeit Haan , Chong Meng Teck , Ho Kah Chun , Mohammad Abdul Wahab 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAiming to mitigate wastewater pollution arising from the palm oil industry, this university-industry research-and-development project focused on the integration of serial treatment processes, including the use of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), pre-treatment with sand filters and activated carbon filters, and membrane technology for aerobically-digested palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. To assess the potential of this sustainable alternative practice in the industry, the developed technology was demonstrated in a pilot-scale facility: four combinations (Combinations I to IV) of unit operations were developed in an integrated membrane-filtration system. Combination I includes a MBBR, pre-treatment unit comprising sand filters and activated carbon filters, ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, while Combination II excludes MBBR, Combination III excludes UF membrane, and Combination IV excludes both MBBR and UF membrane. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate potential environmental impacts arising from each combination while achieving the goal of obtaining recycled and reusable water from the aerobically-digested POME treatment. It is reported that electricity consumption is the predominant factor contributing to most of those categories (50–77%) as the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides, and volatile mercury during the combustion of fossil fuels. Combination I in the integrated membrane-filtration system with all unit operations incurring high electricity consumption (52 MJ) contributed to the greatest environmental impact. Electricity consumption registers the highest impact towards all life cycle impact categories: 73% on climate change, 80% on terrestrial acidification, 51% on eutrophication, and 43% on human toxicity. Conversely, Combination IV is the most environmentally-friendly process, since it involves only two-unit operations – pre-treatment unit (comprising sand filters and activated carbon filters) and RO membrane unit – and thus incurs the least electricity consumption (41.6 MJ). The LCA offers insights into each combination of the operating process and facilitates both researchers and the industry towards sustainable production.
Added value of hyperdense lumen sign in prediction of acute central and peripheral pulmonary embolism on non-contrast CT chest
Authors: Hassan Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali , Khater Nivan Hany , Elia Remon Zaher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common condition with considerable morbidity and mortality; it is more often diagnosed post-mortem by pathologists than in vivo by clinicians. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is difficult because PE may be clinically silent, the symptoms are vague and nonspecific, and in addition, there is no definitive, non-invasive diagnostic test to establish its diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of detection of acute central and peripheral pulmonary embolism (PE) on non-contrast CT especially when no possible alternative is available as in allergic cases or emergency, patients with history of renal disease, or in cases where PE is not the leading diagnosis. CT pulmonary angiography study served as our gold standard.

Results
Eighty adult patients were included in our study; 44 were females and 36 males most of which were complaining of dyspnea and chest pain. Acute central pulmonary embolism was confirmed by CTPA. They all underwent a pre-contrast study just prior to the CTPA. Presence of high attenuation emboli in any of the main pulmonary vessels was our key for diagnosis of acute embolism. Non-contrast CT chest diagnosed 26 of the 47 cases confirmed by CTPA. The hyperdense lumen sign had an overall sensitivity of 55.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value of 61.1%. The accuracy of non-contrast CT chest study was evaluated using CTPA as our gold standard.

Conclusion
Non-contrast CT chest is a good indicator in predicting central and peripheral pulmonary embolism, particularly in cases of emergency, those unable to take intravenous contrast for angiography, or in cases where pulmonary embolism is not the leading diagnosis.
Fetal brain MRI: how it added to ultrasound diagnosis of fetal CNS anomalies-1 year experience
Authors: Raafat Mariam , Alalfy Mahmoud , Nagy Omar , Saraya Samira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are the most commonly diagnosed abnormalities of all fetal malformations and are usually primarily discovered on routine prenatal ultrasonography (US). Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technology with high soft tissue contrast that is documented to increase the diagnostic accuracy for detection of fetal brain anomalies.
The aim of our study is to analyze the value of adding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the fetal brain to antenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.

Results
We diagnosed various CNS anomalies including twelve cases with infra- and supra-tentorial arachnoid cysts, six cases had Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) and its variants, 1 case with mega cisterna magna, 2 cases of holoprosencephaly, 1 case of hydranencephaly, 2 cases with supratentorial hydrocephalus, 1 case of craniopharyngioma, 6 cases with corpus callosum (CC) agenesis, 1 case of extradural hematoma, and 8 cases with Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS). MRI diagnosis confirmed the ultrasound finding, without additional information in 23 cases (57.5%%), added an extra finding in 11 cases (27.5%), differentiated between 2 pathologies in 3 cases (7.5%), and changed the diagnosis in 3 cases (7.5 %).
The 40 pregnancies resulted in 27 births (67.5%), 2 died directly after birth (5%), 7 terminations (17.5%), and 4 intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFD) (10 %).

Conclusion
Ultrasound is the gold standard imaging modality for anomaly scan in the second and third trimesters; however, MRI of the fetal brain might be a clinically valuable complement especially when ultrasound examination is inconclusive due to maternal obesity, severe oligohydramnios, or in complicated cases with unclear diagnosis.
Progressive transfer learning for low-frequency data prediction in full-waveform inversion
Authors: Hu Wenyi , Jin Yuchen , Wu Xuqing , Chen Jiefu 
Published: March 2021

To effectively overcome the cycle-skipping issue in full-waveform inversion (FWI), we have developed a deep neural network (DNN) approach to predict the absent low-frequency (LF) components by exploiting the hidden physical relation connecting the LF and high-frequency (HF) data. To efficiently solve this challenging nonlinear regression problem, two novel strategies are proposed to design the DNN architecture and to optimize the learning process: (1) the dual data feed structure and (2) progressive transfer learning. With the dual data feed structure, not only the HF data, but also the corresponding beat tone data, are fed into the DNN to relieve the burden of feature extraction. The second strategy, progressive transfer learning, enables us to train the DNN using a single evolving training data set. Within the framework of progressive transfer learning, the training data set continuously evolves in an iterative manner by gradually retrieving the subsurface information through the physics-based inversion module, progressively enhancing the prediction accuracy of the DNN and propelling the inversion process out of the local minima. The synthetic numerical experiments suggest that, without any a priori geologic information, the LF data predicted by the progressive transfer learning are sufficiently accurate for an FWI engine to produce reliable subsurface velocity models free of cycle-skipping artifacts.
Implementation of Pre-Subject Oriented Instruction and Industry-Specific Training As a Condition of Learners’ Vocational Self-Determination
Authors: Yan'kin D. 
Published: March 2021

The changes in the economy and social sphere raise the problem of revising approaches to the vocational self-determination of young people. Special attention should be paid to the system of general secondary education which requires significant modifications.
The article formulates real challenges posed to the education system that affect the formation of vocational self-determination. The paper presents some benchmarks for developing career guidance aimed at schoolchildren and adults that are enshrined in federal, regional and municipal regulations.
The author also describes some approaches to the formation of schoolchildren vocational self-determination implemented through pre-subject oriented instruction and industry-specific training in the context of cluster-network forms of interaction between the school and institutions of secondary vocational, higher and additional education, as well as with enterprises and business.
This paper also presents the innovative project developed by Municipal Budgetary General Education Institution called "Secondary School No. 60 in Novokuznetsk" of the Kemerovo Region and describes career guidance activities within the framework of its implementation.