bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective capabilities shape the co-production of nature’s contributions to people in the alpine agricultural system of the Maurienne valley, France
Authors: Grosinger Julia , Vallet Améline , Palomo Ignacio , Buclet Nicolas , Lavorel Sandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNature’s contributions to people (NCP) do not flow automatically from ecosystems to society, but they result from a co-production process of interactions between societal and ecological systems. In this study, we used the collective capabilities approach to address the social dimensions of co-production of the material NCP of cheese. These are the benefits collective structures retrieve from social-ecological interactions that individuals could not have achieved on their own and which frequently exceed pure instrumental values. Collective structures mobilise different types of social capitals in order to generate these collective capabilities. Here, we specifically investigated linkages between collective capabilities and their contributions to common perceptions and local identities. We conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with two distinct different actors’ groups in a French Alpine agricultural system surrounding the production of the quality labelled Beaufort cow cheese. We analysed the interviews qualitatively and conducted quantitative analyses as well as content and sentiment analysis to identify the different levels and types of collective investment mobilised by actors to generate collective capabilities. We found that collective capabilities involved in NCP co-production contributed to common perceptions and to specific dimensions of local identities. These can be viewed as the results of relational value construction. Further, the analysis suggests that collective capability relies on dense social interactions between actors that contribute to a good quality of life in itself. This study advances previous attempts to further investigate the role of intra-societal relations for NCP co-production.
Endoscopic Stent Placement Can Successfully Treat Gastric Leak Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy If and Only If an Esophagoduodenal Megastent Is Used
Authors: Billmann Franck , Pfeiffer Aylin , Sauer Peter , Billeter Adrian , Rupp Christian , Koschny Ronald , Nickel Felix , von Frankenberg Moritz , Müller-Stich Beat Peter , Schaible Anja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Gastric staple line leakage (GL) is a serious complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), with a specific mortality ranging from 0.2 to 3.7%. The current treatment of choice is stent insertion. However, it is unclear whether the type of stent which is inserted affects treatment outcome. Therefore, we aimed not only to determine the effectiveness of stent treatment for GL but also to specifically clarify whether treatment outcome was dependent on the type of stent (small- (SS) or megastent (MS)) which was used.

Patients and Methods
A single-centre retrospective study of 23 consecutive patients was conducted to compare the outcomes of SS (n = 12) and MS (n = 11) for the treatment of GL following LSG. The primary outcome measure was the success rate of stenting, defined as complete healing of the GL without changing the treatment strategy. Treatment change or death were both coded as failure.

Results
The success rate of MS was 91% (10/11) compared to only 50% (6/12) for SS (p = 0.006). An average of 2.3 ± 0.5 and 6.8 ± 3.7 endoscopies were required to achieve healing in the MS and SS groups respectively (p < 0.001). The average time to resumption of oral nutrition was shorter in the MS group (1.4 ± 1.1 days vs. 23.1 ± 33.1 days, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Stent therapy is only effective and safe for the treatment of GL after LSG if a MS is used. Treatment with a MS may not only increase treatment success rates but may also facilitate earlier resumption of oral nutrition and shorten the duration of hospitalization.

Graphical Abstract
Ctenium bennae (Poaceae; Chloridoideae), a new rheophytic species from Guinea-Conakry
Authors: Xanthos Martin , Konomou Gbamon , Haba Pepe M. , van der Burgt Xander M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryCtenium bennae Xanthos is described and illustrated as the only rheophytic species in the genus. The new species is known from a single waterfall on the Benna Plateau, at the border between Forecariah and Kindia Prefectures in Guinea Conakry. Ctenium bennae is here assessed as Near Threatened according to the categories and criteria of IUCN.
Insights into lipid-protein interactions from computer simulations
Authors: Tieleman D. P. , Sejdiu B. I. , Cino E. A. , Smith P. , Barreto-Ojeda E. , Khan H. M. , Corradi V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions play an important direct role in the function of many membrane proteins. We argue they are key players in membrane structure, modulate membrane proteins in more subtle ways than direct binding, and are important for understanding the mechanism of classes of hydrophobic drugs. By directly comparing membrane proteins from different families in the same, complex lipid mixture, we found a unique lipid environment for every protein. Extending this work, we identified both differences and similarities in the lipid environment of GPCRs, dependent on which family they belong to and in some cases their conformational state, with particular emphasis on the distribution of cholesterol. More recently, we have been studying modes of coupling between protein conformation and local membrane properties using model proteins. In more applied approaches, we have used similar methods to investigate specific hypotheses on interactions of lipid and lipid-like molecules with ion channels. We conclude this perspective with some considerations for future work, including a new more sophisticated coarse-grained force field (Martini 3), an interactive visual exploration framework, and opportunities to improve sampling.
Rawls’s Original Position and Algorithmic Fairness
Authors: Franke Ulrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModern society makes extensive use of automated algorithmic decisions, fueled by advances in artificial intelligence. However, since these systems are not perfect, questions about fairness are increasingly investigated in the literature. In particular, many authors take a Rawlsian approach to algorithmic fairness. This article aims to identify some complications with this approach: Under which circumstances can Rawls’s original position reasonably be applied to algorithmic fairness decisions? First, it is argued that there are important differences between Rawls’s original position and a parallel algorithmic fairness original position with respect to risk attitudes. Second, it is argued that the application of Rawls’s original position to algorithmic fairness faces a boundary problem in defining relevant stakeholders. Third, it is observed that the definition of the least advantaged, necessary for applying the difference principle, requires some attention in the context of algorithmic fairness. Finally, it is argued that appropriate deliberation in algorithmic fairness contexts often require more knowledge about probabilities than the Rawlsian original position allows. Provided that these complications are duly considered, the thought-experiment of the Rawlsian original position can be useful in algorithmic fairness decisions.
How do food businesses provide information on allergens in non-prepacked foods? A cross-sectional survey in Switzerland
Authors: Eisenblätter Julia , Schumacher Gerry , Hirt Marie , Wild Janine , Catalano Loan , Schoenberg Sonja , Baru Brigitte , Jent Sandra 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Purpose
This project aimed to investigate allergen information practices of food businesses selling non-prepacked foods after the implementation of the new Swiss food law in May 2017.

Methods
A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with food businesses selling non-prepacked foods in Switzerland. A short, standardised questionnaire was developed in German, based on previous research and literature. It was subsequently translated into French and Italian. Altogether, 882 businesses (restaurants, dairies, butcher shops and bakeries) were contacted, of which 387 were willing to participate. SPSS® (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analyses.

Results
The vast majority (86.0%) of food businesses provides oral allergen information. Only 14.0% currently provide written allergen information to the customer, either upfront or on request. The most frequently used labelling system in written allergen declaration was naming all ingredients (35.2%). A significant number (39.8%) do not place a notice on how to obtain allergen information, although this is a legal requirement in Switzerland when not providing written information upfront.

Conclusion
So far, not all food businesses have been complying with the new Swiss food law on allergen information of non-prepacked food. Therefore, awareness of the legal obligations around communicating allergen information as well as the verification of its implementation should be enhanced. To meet the needs of consumers and avoid reactions, some form of written allergen information should be promoted. Giving this information on request might encourage communication between customer and staff, thus providing an extra measure of verification.
Estimating ocean wave directional spreading using wave following buoys: a comparison of experimental buoy and gauge data
Authors: Lin Zhaoxian , Adcock Thomas A. A. , McAllister Mark L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDirectional spreading of ocean waves plays an important role in various aspects of ocean engineering, such as wave-induced loads, nonlinear wave evolution, and wave breaking. Wave following buoys, which are widely deployed across the oceans, offer the potential to measure directional wave properties. To assess the accuracy of directional spreading estimates made using buoy measurements, we compared estimates based on experimentally obtained buoy and wave gauge measurements, first presented in McAllister and van den Bremer (J Phys Oceanogr 50:399–414, 2020) Buoy and gauge measurements were recorded at the same locations and in identical sea states, allowing for a like-for-like comparison. We examine experiments with both following (unimodal in direction) and crossing (bimodal in direction) sea states. In addition to this, we use synthetic wave data to investigate the effects of wave generation and nonlinearity on spreading estimates. Our results show that while directional estimates produced using buoy measurements are reasonably accurate in following sea states, they struggle to identify distinct directional peaks in crossing sea states. We find that spreading estimates made using buoy measurements tend to underestimate the degree of directional spreading by approximately $$9-14\%$$

9
-
14
%

in following sea states, which is most apparent in narrowly spread conditions.
Turbulent thermohaline hydraulic jumps
Authors: Baddour Raouf Emile 
Published: November 2021

Turbulent entrainment properties of thermohaline internal hydraulic jumps in quiescent ambient water are investigated. Underflow and overflow jumps are considered. The study is mainly concerned with thermohaline buoyancy effects on flow development. The thermohaline buoyancy is determined from a seawater equation of state, which is nonlinear in temperature and linear in salinity, and is accurate throughout the range of temperature and salinity of interest (T = 0 to 40 °C and S = 0 to 40 ppt). The results indicate that thermohaline buoyancy produces smaller less diluted underflow jumps and larger more diluted overflow jumps. These nonlinear buoyancy effects are particularly significant when buoyancy arising from temperature and salinity act in opposite directions. Hydraulic controls by vertical and/or horizontal constrictions downstream reveal, using a matching technique, unique stationary miscible jump solutions.
A multimodal electrochemical approach to measure the effect of zinc on vesicular content and exocytosis in a single cell model of ischemia
Authors: Wang Ying , Gu Chaoyi , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZinc ion is essential for normal brain function that modulates synaptic activity and neuronal plasticity and it is associated with memory formation. Zinc is considered to be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of ischemia, but the association between zinc and ischemia on vesicular exocytosis is unclear. In this study, we used a combination of chemical analysis methods and a cell model of ischemia/reperfusion to investigate exocytotic release and vesicular content, as well as the effect of zinc alteration on vesicular exocytosis. Oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGDR) was used as an in vitro model of ischemia in a model cell line. Exocytotic release and vesicular storage of catecholamine content were increased following OGDR, resulting in a higher fraction of release during exocytosis. However, zinc eliminated these increases following OGDR and the fraction of release remained unchanged. Understanding the consequences of zinc accumulation on vesicular exocytosis at the early stage of OGDR should aid in the development of therapeutic strategies to reduce ischemic brain injury. As the fraction released has been suggested to be related to presynaptic plasticity, insights are gained towards deciphering ischemia related memory impairment.
Sexual debut among college students in China: effects of family context
Authors: Shi Yu , Liu Ruoheng , Yu Hongfei , Fu Zhihui , Guo Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines family context and sexual debut among young people in China. Using data from the 2018 Panel Study of Chinese University Students (PSCUS), it explores how the family is correlated with sexual debut among young people in China aged 18–24 years. The Kaplan–Meier method was adopted to detect a survival function for different family factors and related demographic variables. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was adopted to calculate hazard ratios for the timing of sexual debut. The average age of sexual debut among the college students was 18.39 years. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that sexual intercourse initiation was earlier for female students who had no siblings, and those who had a mother with senior high school (including technical school) education or higher family income, but this correlation was insignificant among male students. The multivariate hazard regression analysis revealed that living in a family with a higher level of fathers’ education, having a lower level of family income and having siblings had positive correlations with later sexual debut among the college students. Moreover, family factors showed gender differences in their associations with the timing of sexual debut, typically parent’s education level, family income and left-behind experience. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the role of family influences in timing of sexual debut among youth in China.
Distributed Participatory Design: The challenges of designing with physically disabled musicians during a global pandemic
Authors: Schroeder Franziska , Lucas Alex 
Published: November 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic has been an extraordinary situation. Social distancing has impacted the vast majority of people, reorganising society, physically separating us from friends, family and colleagues. Collectively we found ourselves in a distributed state, reliant upon digital technologies to maintain social and professional connections. Some activities can translate unabated to a digital medium, with benefits, such as the convenience inherent in many online shopping and banking services. Other activities, particularly those which are socially engaged, including inclusive music-making or design, may need to be re-framed and re-thought due to the absence of in-person contact.In Northern Ireland, the Performance Without Barriers (PwB) research group works with disabled artists from the Drake Music Project Northern Ireland (DMNI) to identify ways in which technology can remove access barriers to music-making. Since disabled people are experts in their unique lived experience of disability, they must be involved in the design process, an approach known as participatory design. At the end of 2020, many of us are still adjusting to the new normal, only beginning to understand the impact of distributed digital living. In this article, we examine how the socially engaged work of PwB has been affected, changed and adapted during the pandemic throughout 2019 to 2020, expanding ideas of distributed creativity to the notion of distributed design. The authors formalise the concept of socially engaged distributed participatory design, an approach that classifies PwB’s current research activities in the area of accessible music technology design and improvised musicking. Consideration is given to the impact the notion of ‘distribution’ has on degrees of participation.
Depressive symptoms among primary healthcare workers during the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in the Muscat governorate
Authors: Al Lawati Anwaar , Al Ghafri Thamra , Anwar Huda , Al Ajmi Fatma , Al Hasani Said , Chan Moon Fai , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Al-Adawi Samir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
With the unprecedented spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) are having to shoulder the increasing weight of this ongoing pandemic.

Aims:
This study explored the rate and covariates of depressive symptoms among PHCWs in the Muscat governorate.

Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 10 May to 10 June 2020 among PHCWs working in all primary healthcares across the Muscat governorate. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors of having at least one underlying physical health condition, a psychiatric history, family history of psychiatric disorders, and direct involvement with COVID-19 positive patients were sought. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was then used to solicit the presence of depressive symptoms. Those with a cutoff point ≥10 were considered as showing depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in PHCWs after adjusting for all sociodemographic factors.

Findings:
A total of 432 (72%) out of 600 PHCWs with an average age of 39.2 years (SD = 7.8 years) ranging between 25.0 and 75.0 years responded to the survey. There were more females (n = 281, 65.3%) than males, and more than 45% (n = 195) of them were physicians. Additionally, more than 78% (n = 338) had been in contact with COVID-19 patients. There was a significant association between different age groups and profession (P < .001), having at least one underlying physical health condition (P = 0.001) and depressive symptom status (P = 0.038). A total of 78 out of the 423 subjects (18.1%) were considered to have depressive symptoms. After adjusting for all factors, the logistic regression model showed that an age of 34 years or below (OR = 2.079, P = 0.021) and having at least one underlying physical health condition (OR = 2.216, P = 0.007) were factors contributing significantly to depressive symptoms among the PHCWs.
Frequency‐Magnitude Statistics of Laboratory Foreshocks Vary With Shear Velocity, Fault Slip Rate, and Shear Stress
Authors: Bolton David C. , Shreedharan Srisharan , Rivière Jacques , Marone Chris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the temporal evolution of foreshocks and their relation to earthquake nucleation is important for earthquake early warning systems, earthquake hazard assessment, and earthquake physics. Laboratory experiments on intact rock and rough fractures have demonstrated that the number and size of acoustic emission (AE) events increase and that the Gutenberg‐Richter b‐value decreases prior to coseismic failure. However, for lab fault zones of finite width, where shear occurs within gouge, the physical processes that dictate temporal variations in frequency‐magnitude (F/M) statistics of lab foreshocks are unclear. Here, we report on a series of laboratory experiments to illuminate the physical processes that govern temporal variations in b‐value and AE size. We record AE data continuously for hundreds of lab seismic cycles and report F/M statistics. Our foreshock catalogs include cases where F/M data are not exponentially distributed, but we retain the concept of b‐value for comparison with other works. We find that b‐value decreases as the fault approaches failure, consistent with previous works. We also find that b‐value scales inversely with shear velocity and fault slip rate, suggesting that fault slip acceleration during earthquake nucleation could impact foreshock F/M statistics. We propose that fault zone dilation and grain mobilization have a strong influence on foreshock magnitude. Fault dilation at higher shearing rates increases porosity and results in larger foreshocks and smaller b‐values. Our observations suggest that lab earthquakes are preceded by a preparatory nucleation phase with systematic variations in AE and fault zone properties.
Satellite‐Based Sea Surface Salinity Designed for Ocean and Climate Studies
Authors: Boutin J. , Reul N. , Koehler J. , Martin A. , Catany R. , Guimbard S. , Rouffi F. , Vergely J. L. , Arias M. , Chakroun M. , Corato G. , Estella‐Perez V. , Hasson A. , Josey S. , Khvorostyanov D. , Kolodziejczyk N. , Mignot J. , Olivier L. , Reverdin G. , Stammer D. , Supply A. , Thouvenin‐Masson C. , Turiel A. , Vialard J. , Cipollini P. , Donlon C. , Sabia R. , Mecklenburg S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSea Surface Salinity (SSS) is an increasingly used Essential Ocean and Climate Variable. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Aquarius, and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite missions all provide SSS measurements, with very different instrumental features leading to specific measurement characteristics. The Climate Change Initiative Salinity project (CCI + SSS) aims to produce a SSS Climate Data Record (CDR) that addresses well‐established user needs based on those satellite measurements. To generate a homogeneous CDR, instrumental differences are carefully adjusted based on in‐depth analysis of the measurements themselves, together with some limited use of independent reference data. An optimal interpolation in the time domain without temporal relaxation to reference data or spatial smoothing is applied. This allows preserving the original datasets variability. SSS CCI fields are well suited for monitoring weekly to interannual signals, at spatial scales ranging from 50 km to the basin scale. They display large year‐to‐year seasonal variations over the 2010–2019 decade, sometimes by more than ±0.4 over large regions. The robust standard deviation of the monthly CCI SSS minus in situ Argo salinities is 0.15 globally, while it is at least 0.20 with individual satellite SSS fields. r2 is 0.97, similar or better than with original datasets. The correlation with independent ship thermosalinographs SSS further highlights the CCI data set excellent performance, especially near land areas. During the SMOS‐Aquarius period, when the representativity uncertainties are the largest, r2 is 0.84 with CCI while it is 0.48 with the Aquarius original data set. SSS CCI data are freely available and will be updated and extended as more satellite data become available.