bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peut-on parler d’une obligation absolue de vivre ?
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques 
Published: April 2021

Que disent les textes fondateurs du judaïsme et du christianisme au sujet du suicide ? Parlent-ils d’une obligation absolue de vivre ? Les éthiciens sont nombreux à poser un jugement négatif et déjà arrêté avant même qu’ils n’aient entamé la lecture des textes fondateurs. Pourtant, l’éthique sous-jacente à ces textes se présente comme une éthique de l’ambiguïté. Par conséquent, une éthique religieuse qui puise son inspiration dans les textes fondateurs ne doit considérer aucun acte comme absolument et universellement bon ou mauvais en soi; elle doit toujours s’interroger sur son contexte, sur les possibilités de celui qui le pose et sur la signification qui lui a été donnée.
L’alcoolisme
Authors: Pilote Lomer , Quesnel Guy 
Published: April 2021

Ce court article porte sur l’association entre le suicide et d’autres phénomènes psychosociaux, comme l’alcoolisme et la dépression. Des chercheurs ont constaté et étudié ce phénomène, plus particulièrement chez les professionnels pratiquant dans des conditions particulièrement stressantes, tels les avocats et les médecins. Ces conditions stressantes favorisent la combinaison de deux comorbidités interreliées au suicide : la dépression et l’abus de consommations alcooliques. Nous proposons notre propre hypothèse pour expliquer ces combinaisons à risque surmultiplié. L’alcool ne ferait pas qu’ajouter son propre effet dépressif sur le système nerveux central aux effets dépressifs cliniques d’autres agents dépresseurs; il augmenterait et multiplierait par amplification l’effet dépressif du premier agent, d’où l’augmentation correspondante du risque de suicide.
Mieux comprendre pour mieux intervenir auprès du jeune suicidant
Authors: Labelle Réal , Boyer Richard 
Published: April 2021

Comme intervenant professionnel, quelle aide convient-il d’offrir au jeune suicidant consultant ? Des résultats d’une étude exploratoire sont d’abord présentés pour illustrer les propos de vingt-quatre jeunes quant à leur demande d’aide formelle (contexte, recours et satisfaction) avant de faire leur tentative de suicide. Ces résultats sont ensuite discutés de manière à soulever divers enjeux d’intervention. Cette réflexion suggère qu’il est important pour l’intervenant : (1) d’accueillir et d’évaluer l’angoisse du jeune, (2) de cerner ses capacités d’intervention, (3) d’adopter envers le jeune une approche personnalisée et circonscrite et (4) d’être autocritique vis-à-vis l’aide à dispenser et la psychosociologie du jeune.
Les niveaux de responsabilité dans l’intervention
Authors: Daigle Marc S. 
Published: April 2021

Lorsque survient un suicide en milieu carcéral, le débat sur le partage des responsabilités se situe à au moins quatre niveaux qui ne sont pas toujours très explicites : celui de la société, en général, celui des institutions, celui des intervenants actifs dans ces institutions et, finalement, celui des personnes incarcérées elles-mêmes (qu’elles soient suicidaires ou pairs de suicidaires). Nous sommes tous interpellés à ces différents niveaux et, par-delà la culpabilisation qui pourrait en résulter, notre prise de conscience devrait plutôt nous amener à agir, de façon cohérente et proactive, dans les différentes sphères où nous pouvons avoir une emprise.
Louis Bertrand : autopsie d’une déroute
Authors: Dunwoodie Peter 
Published: April 2021

Deux séries de textes du Lorrain Louis Bertrand (1866-1941) apportent un éclairage unique sur l’impact des événements de 1870-1871. Ses « romans africains » (1899-1904) sont le fruit d’une décennie passée en Algérie, entre 1891 et 1900, au cours de laquelle Louis Bertrand joue un rôle majeur dans le lancement d’une littérature algérienne de langue française et dans le processus de légitimation de la colonisation française à travers les notions d’« Afrique latine » et de « peuple néo-français ». Cette perspective non hexagonale, qui voit dans le musulman algérien un ennemi irréductible, vient étayer un rapport ambigu vis-à-vis de l’Allemagne qui est au coeur des oeuvres de la période 1925-1939, dans lesquelles il attire l’attention, en premier lieu, sur le fait que sa génération est « fille de la défaite » de 1870 et que son héros « comme tous ceux de son pays et de sa génération […] avait été élevé dans l’idée de la revanche ». En auscultant une période clé de sa formation, son autobiographie (Une destinée) analyse des tendances intellectuelles et culturelles collectives des années 1870-1914 pour démontrer que le véritable danger vient non pas de ces ennemis héréditaires « du dehors », mais de la France républicaine elle-même, de sa décadence et du manque du « sens de l’ennemi » (titre d’un ouvrage clé, paru en 1917). Nous analysons comment Louis Bertrand, en « romancier et archéologue », voit chez les néo-Français de l’Algérie (perçus comme des Latins et donc des catholiques) « une école d’énergie et quelquefois d’héroïsme, de régénération physique, intellectuelle, nationale et sociale » qui pourrait stopper le déclin d’une France anémiée et défaitiste.
François de Curel ou la « dédramatisation du drame »
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

François de Curel est passé dans l’histoire du théâtre français pour un auteur de « pièces à thèse ». Pourtant, ce dramaturge, qui jouissait à son époque d’une renommée incontestable, suscitait des controverses parmi les partisans et les défenseurs de l’art dramatique traditionnel. De fait, en étudiant ses premières oeuvres, L’envers d’une sainte et L’invitée, force nous est de constater qu’il tourne résolument le dos aux principes régulateurs de la fable hérités d’Aristote. Il renonce à l’action basée sur une tension dramatique qui va de l’exposition, en passant par les péripéties – qui tendent inévitablement à la catastrophe –, au dénouement. À l’instar d’Ibsen, il « dédramatise » la forme canonique à travers la « rétrospection », le renversement du sens de l’intrigue et la présence de « personnages passifs » privés de toute volonté d’agir. Curel semble proposer un « drame statique » dans lequel, au lieu de conflits interpersonnels, nous assistons à des affrontements intrasubjectifs dans la psyché des protagonistes. En abandonnant l’action classique, l’écrivain dépouille ses personnages de « caractère » en se concentrant sur l’analyse psychologique de leur âme égarée. C’est ainsi qu’à la place d’un personnage agissant, il met en avant un personnage réflexif ou récitant, qui ressasse son dégoût de la vie.
Cisplatin-resistant HepG2 cell-derived exosomes transfer cisplatin resistance to cisplatin-sensitive cells in HCC
Authors: Tang Zuxiong , He Jun , Zou Jiayue , Yu Shufei , Sun Xiaoming , Qin Lei 
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds
Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as Gemcitabine, Oxaliplatin, Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil account for the main reason of chemotherapy failure for HCC patients, especially for those with advanced HCC or metastasis patients. This emerging resistance limits the effectiveness and clinical application of these chemotherapy drugs. Previous studies reported that drug-resistant tumor cell-derived exosomes could transfer their resistance property to tumor sensitive cells in some cancer, including lung and gastric cancer. This study sought to explore whether HepG2/DDP cell-derived exosomes transmit cisplatin (DDP) resistance to HepG2 and other HCC sensitive cells, and provide considerable guidance for HCC nursing with Cisplatin DDP clinically.

Methods
The HepG2 DDP-resistant cell line (HepG2/DDP) was established, and the exosomes from both HepG2/DDP and HepG2 cells were isolated and named ES-2, ES-1, respectively. HepG2 or SMMC-7721 or Huh7 cells were treated with DDP or DDP + ES-2, and HepG2/DDP cells were treated with ES-1. Then, the activation of drug resistance via HepG2/DDP exosomes transfer to HepG2, SMMC-7721 and Huh7 cells were assessed by cell viability assay and ROS formation. Moreover, the relative expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was measured by western blot analysis.

Results
HepG2/DDP cell-derived exosomes were successfully isolated from cisplatin-resistant HepG2 cells, and named ES-2. Cell viability of HepG2 or SMMC-7721 or Huh7 cells treated with DDP + ES-2 was enhanced compared with that of DDP treatment group. Also, the concentration of ROS generated in cells under DDP or DDP + ES-2 treatment was strongly increased compared with that of control, although the concentration of ROS was clearly smaller in DDP + ES-2 treatment group compared with DDP treatment. At the same time, the expression of P-gp was upregulated on the ES-2 surface.

Conclusion
The results mentioned above clarified that HepG2/DDP cell-derived exosomes conferred cisplatin resistance to HepG2 and other HCC cell lines, and provided a new significance for improving the effectiveness of DDP in treating HCC.
Outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 according to level of frailty
Authors: Andrés-Esteban Eva María , Quintana-Diaz Manuel , Ramírez-Cervantes Karen Lizzette , Benayas-Peña Irene , Silva-Obregón Alberto , Magallón-Botaya Rosa , Santolalla-Arnedo Ivan , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Gea-Caballero Vicente 
Published: April 2021

Background
The complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been the subject of study in diverse scientific reports. However, many aspects that influence the prognosis of the disease are still unknown, such as frailty, which inherently reduces resistance to disease and makes people more vulnerable. This study aimed to explore the complications of COVID-19 in patients admitted to a third-level hospital and to evaluate the relationship between these complications and frailty.

Methods
An observational, descriptive, prospective study was performed in 2020. A sample of 254 patients from a database of 3,112 patients admitted to a high-level hospital in Madrid, Spain was analyzed. To assess frailty (independent variable) the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was used. The outcome variables were sociodemographic and clinical, which included complications, length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and prognosis.

Results
A total of 13.39% of the patients were pre-frail and 17.32% were frail. Frail individuals had a shorter hospital stay, less ICU admission, higher mortality and delirium, with statistical significance.

Conclusion
Frailty assessment is a crucial approach in patients with COVID-19, given a higher mortality rate has been demonstrated amongst frail patients. The CFS could be a predictor of mortality in COVID-19.
Bifunctinoal Phosphonium Salt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclodearomatization of 2‐Nitroindoles and 2‐Nitrobenzofurans for Constructing CF3‐Containing Spiro‐Polycycles
Authors: Jiang Zhiyu , Liu Xin , Zhang Hongkui , Tan Jian‐Ping , Ren Xiaoyu , Gao Guowei , Wang Tianli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective dearomative cycloaddition reaction between either 2‐nitroindoles or 2‐nitrobenzofurans and N‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethylisatin ketimines by dipeptided phosphonium salt catalysis is firstly established. This protocol provides a new and facile synthetic approach to create a variety of CF3‐containing polycyclic spirooxindole derivatives under mild reaction conditions with high yields in excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (all >20:1 dr, up to 95% ee).magnified image
Hydrophobic recovery of femtosecond laser processed silicone rubber insulator surfaces
Authors: Chen Lie , Nie Qilu , Hu Tao , Bennett Peter , Zheng Zhong , Yang Qibiao , Liu Dun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article demonstrates the loss and recovery in hydrophobicity of silicone rubber insulator surface processed by a femtosecond laser. The two stages of the wettability conversion were investigated. First, a rough micro/nano structure was formed on the original hydrophobic sample surface processed by the femtosecond laser, and the water contact angle on the surface was reduced from ~ 110° to a minimum of ~ 35°. This hydrophilicity loss was due to the increase in the hydrophilic OH groups and the reduction of the hydrophobic CH3 groups on the surfaces. Second, the roughened samples were stored in a natural ambient environment. Over a certain storage time, the surface hydrophobicity recovered gradually and evolved into a superhydrophobic state. It was found that the migration of low molecular weight cycle and/or linear siloxane oligomers resulted in the recovery of the hydrophobicity property. Coupled with the increase of surface roughness caused by laser irradiation, the further evolution of the hydrophobicity was promoted. Moreover, the higher temperature accelerates the recovery of the surface hydrophobicity. The research on the conversion mechanism of the wettability on the silicone rubber insulator surface processed by femtosecond laser is of great significance for improving its reliability in practical applications.
Heteroatom‐doped reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposites with improved n‐type thermoelectric performance
Authors: Ali Mariamu Kassim , Hessein Amr , Hassan Mohsen A. , Ghali Mohsen , M. Shaalan Nagih , Nakamura Koichi , El‐Moneim Ahmed Abd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is a potential candidate for n‐type thermoelectric (TE) materials owing to its intrinsic electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and facile synthesis techniques. However, its low Seebeck coefficient and power factor have limited its widespread usage. In this study, nitrogen‐doped, and sulfur‐nitrogen co‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used for tuning the TE properties of PANI. Doped rGO and PANI/doped‐rGO nanocomposites were prepared via hydrothermal technique and chemical oxidative polymerization respectively and thereafter characterized. The TE properties of the nanocomposites were also studied and an optimized Seebeck coefficient, power factor and zT value of −1.75 mV K−1, 95 μW m−1 K−2 and 0.06, respectively were reported for the PANI nanocomposite containing 1 wt% sulfur‐nitrogen co‐doped rGO. These results suggest that PANI/heteroatom‐doped rGO can serve as promising candidates for n‐type based TE applications.
Effect of conductive carbon black on electrical conductivity and performance of tire tread compounds filled with carbon black/silica hybrid filler
Authors: Thaptong Puchong , Jittham Pairote , Sae‐oui Pongdhorn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor green tires, carbon black (CB) is partially replaced by silica (SiO2) in the tread formula in order to improve wet grip (WG) and fuel saving efficiency (FSE). However, such replacement inversely affects electrical conductivity of a tire resulting a greater potential for static shock or electrostatic ignition. This work aimed to improve electrical conductivity of the tread compound by partially replacing either CB or SiO2 by 0–12 phr of conductive carbon black (CCB) (with replacing ratio of 2:1) and investigating the effect of such replacement on the tire performance. Although the partial replacement of CB or SiO2 by CCB increased the magnitude of transient filler network resulting in the negative effects on heat build‐up, WG and FSE of the tread vulcanizates, it significantly improved electrical conductivity. Surface resistivity decreased sharply when CB or SiO2 was replaced by 3 phr of CCB, revealing the point of percolation threshold. In addition, the partial replacement of CB or SiO2 by CCB did not cause significantly change of both hardness and tensile properties. At any given CCB loading, the SiO2 replacement provided greater surface conductivity and higher abrasion resistance with lower WG and FSE than the CB replacement.
Assessment of medical morbidities in a rhesus monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality
Authors: Myers Adam K. , Talbot Catherine F. , Del Rosso Laura A. , Maness Alyssa C. , Simmons Sierra M. V. , Garner Joseph P. , Capitanio John P. , Parker Karen J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a variety of medical morbidities at significantly higher rates than the general population. Using an established monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality, we investigated whether low‐social monkeys show an increased burden of medical morbidities compared to their high‐social counterparts. We systematically reviewed the medical records of N = 152 (n = 73 low‐social; n = 79 high‐social) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to assess the number of traumatic injury, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory events, as well as the presence of rare medical conditions. Subjects' nonsocial scores, determined by the frequency they were observed in a nonsocial state (i.e., alone), and macaque Social Responsiveness Scale‐Revised (mSRS‐R) scores were also used to test whether individual differences in social functioning were related to medical morbidity burden. Medical morbidity type significantly differed by group, such that low‐social monkeys incurred higher rates of traumatic injury compared to high‐social monkeys. Nonsocial scores and mSRS‐R scores also significantly and positively predicted traumatic injury rates, indicating that monkeys with the greatest social impairment were most impacted on this health measure. These findings from low‐social monkeys are consistent with well‐documented evidence that people with ASD incur a greater number of traumatic injuries and receive more peer bullying than their neurotypical peers, and add to growing evidence for the face validity of this primate model.Lay SummaryPeople with autism exhibit multiple medical problems at higher rates than the general population. We conducted a comprehensive medical record review of monkeys that naturally exhibit differences in sociality and found that low‐social monkeys are more susceptible to traumatic injuries than high‐social monkeys. These results are consistent with reports that people with autism also incur greater traumatic injury and peer bullying and add to growing evidence for the validity of this monkey model.
Maternal Use of Induction Heating Cookers During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: The Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study
Authors: Tokinobu Akiko , Tanaka Keiko , Arakawa Masashi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2021

The effects of exposure to intermediate‐frequency electromagnetic fields (IF‐EMFs) during pregnancy on birth outcomes are uncertain. We investigated the association between the use of induction heating (IH) cookers, which are major sources of IF‐EMFs, during pregnancy and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), and birth weight, using data from a prebirth cohort study in Japan. Study participants were 1,565 mothers with singleton pregnancies and the babies born from these pregnancies. We collected the data presented here using self‐administered questionnaires. An adjustment was made for maternal age, region of residence, number of children, family structure, maternal education, maternal employment, maternal alcohol intake, smoking during pregnancy, maternal body mass index, baby's sex, and gestational age at birth. IH cooker use during pregnancy was independently associated with a reduced risk of PTB: the adjusted odds ratio was 0.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.78). IH cooker use during pregnancy was not associated with LBW, SGA, or birth weight. This is the first study to show that IH cooker use during pregnancy is independently inversely associated with PTB.
Long‐COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue
Authors: Theoharides Theoharis C. , Cholevas Christos , Polyzoidis Konstantinos , Politis Antonios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 leads to severe respiratory problems, but also to long‐COVID syndrome associated primarily with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Long‐COVID syndrome symptoms, especially brain fog, are similar to those experienced by patients undertaking or following chemotherapy for cancer (chemofog or chemobrain), as well in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). The pathogenesis of brain fog in these illnesses is presently unknown but may involve neuroinflammation via mast cells stimulated by pathogenic and stress stimuli to release mediators that activate microglia and lead to inflammation in the hypothalamus. These processes could be mitigated by phytosomal formulation (in olive pomace oil) of the natural flavonoid luteolin.
Is there any difference between the theory and practice for the association between environmental sustainability and firm performance in Pakistan?
Authors: Khan Musa , Rahman Haseeb Ur , Baloch Qadar Bakhsh , Ahmad Adnan , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the impact of environmental sustainability (ES) on firm financial performance (FFP). The study also examines the mediation of ES in the relationship between integrated management strategies (IMS) and FFP. By employing the content analysis technique for global reporting initiative (GRI) framework, the study collected desired data from the sustainability, corporate social responsibility, and annual reports of the sample firms (1,275 firm‐year observations) listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) from 2012 to 2016. The study employed at‐test, ordinary least square, and generalized least square estimator with the fixed effect and random effect for estimating the hypothesized relationships. The results revealed that the ES and IMS have a significant positive impact on the FFP (ROA & Tobin's Q). Also, it is observed that ES mediates the relationship between IMS and Tobin's Q. Furthermore, it also noted that the results are more striking after addressing endogeneity. Besides using the unique ES index, the study also contributes to the literature and practice by updating the developing countries' key stakeholders, especially Pakistan.
The “Six Ws” of sustainable development risks
Authors: Gomez‐Valencia Manuela , Gonzalez‐Perez Maria Alejandra , Gomez‐Trujillo Ana Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRisk management in an organization represents a decisive function in seizing opportunities and managing the risks that can affect a business's reputation, prosperity, growth, value creation, stakeholder engagement, long‐term survival, and a firm's contribution to sustainable development. For this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review of 148 indexed studies and uses the “Six Ws” (what, who, why, where, when, and how) approach to understand the linkages between sustainability and risk management. This study's findings reveal that the management of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns plays a mitigation's function on business risks.
Does a sense of calling facilitate sustainability? Research on the influence of calling on employee green behavior
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhang Yun , Jia Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganizations recently attach growing importance to sustainable development and green human resource management (GHRM), raising research interest in predicting employee green behavior (EGB). However, the potential linkage between a sense of calling and EGB is neglected. This research fills the void by examining whether, how, and when calling predicts EGB. Drawing upon self‐determination theory, we argue that by satisfying three basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), a sense of calling enhances employees' prosocial motivation, which in turn promotes EGB. We further propose that calling predicts EGB more effectively for less conscientious employees. We conducted two field surveys to test the hypotheses. Both Study 1 (N = 280) and Study 2 (N = 295) confirm that calling positively affects EGB through partial mediation of prosocial motivation and that conscientiousness negatively moderates the relationship between calling and prosocial motivation as well as the indirect effect. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.