bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Évaluation de la qualité de composts à base de biomasses feuillées de deux espèces agroforestières à Cassou, Centre-Ouest, Burkina Faso
Authors: Soulama Soungalo , Kabore Wendbénédo Bruno , Bambara Dasmané , Bembamba Michel , Hien Edmond 
Published: March 2021

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. are species of the leguminosae group which are promoted in agroforestry. This study aimed at assessing the quality of leafy biomass composts of these two species in order to use them as green manure. For this, composts based on leafy biomasses of Albizia lebbeck and Gliricidia sepium have been characterized. The phytotoxicity tests of the composts was carried out using a germination test of Zea mays (L) and Arachis hypogaea (L). The effect of composts on the growth of Adansonia digitata L. and Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. Also evaluated. Comparison of means tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare types of composts. The results show that these composts were not toxic. The average carbon, nitrogen, pHe and C / N ratios of the composts of Albizia lebbeck and Gliricidia sepium were in accordance with international standards. The effect of Gliricidia sepium compost on the growth of Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea was better than that of Albizia lebbeck and cow dung (P <0.05). The compost from the leafy biomass of Gliricidia sepium is of very good quality while that of Albizia lebbeck is of fairly good quality. The biomasses of these two species therefore constitute good material for composting. These results can be used to improve crop production in agroforestry.
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. et Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. sont des espèces de légumineuses promues dans l’agroforesterie. Cette étude visait à évaluer la qualité des composts de biomasses feuillées de ces deux espèces afin de les utiliser comme engrais verts. Pour cela des composts à base de biomasses feuillées de Albizia lebbeck, de Gliricidia sepium ont été caractérisés. La phyto-toxicité des composts a été évaluée à l’aide d’un test de germination de Zea mays (L) et Arachis hypogaea (L). L’effet des composts sur la croissance de Adansonia digitata L. et Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst.subsp. a également été évalué. Des tests de comparaisons de moyennes et une ANOVA à mesures répétées ont permis de comparer les types de composts. Les résultats montrent que les composts évalués n’étaient pas toxiques. Les teneurs moyennes en carbone, en azote, les pHe et les rapports C/N des composts de Albizia lebbeck et de Gliricidia sepium étaient conformes aux normes internationales. L’effet du compost de biomasse de Gliricidia sepium sur la croissance de Adansonia digitata et de Sclerocarya birrea était mieux que celui de Albizia lebbeck et la bouse de vache (P< 0,05). Le compost de biomasses feuillées de Gliricidia sepium est de très bonne qualité tandis que celui de Albizia lebbeck est d’assez bonne qualité. Les biomasses de ces deux légumineuses constituent donc un bon matériel pour le compostage. Ces résultats peuvent servir à améliorer la production végétale en agroforesterie.
Spatial structure and factors determining tree mortality in Beninese forest formations
Authors: Atindogbe Gilbert , Laly Gabin Finangnon , Akpo Hospice Afouda , Adjinannoukon Arios , Fonton Noël Houédougbé 
Published: March 2021

Dead wood plays an important role in the functioning of forest ecosystems through nutrient cycles, soil fertility balance and temporary carbon storage. This research evaluates the dead wood potential, spatial structure of dead trees and factors influencing tree mortality in natural woodlands in Benin. Data were collected in eleven square plots of 10,000 m2, established in six classified forests and hunting areas of the W and Pendjari national parks. The spatial structure was investigated using Ripley's K function, and a multiple regression with variable selection allowed the identification of the biotic and abiotic factors that have an effect on dead wood density in the study areas. The density of dead wood was 32 stems/hectare, while mean quadratic diameter and basal area were 17.2 cm and 0.88 m2.ha-1, respectively. There was random and regular spatial distribution of dead trees without a positive interaction between dead and living trees, thereby pointing to fire as the main factor of tree mortality. Other factors influencing tree mortality included attacks by saproxylic animal species and other wood pests, and senescence. This study suggests that an integration of dead trees in management plans may be essential for the proper functioning of Benin's forest ecosystems.
Le bois mort joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de l’écosystème forestier de par sa position dans les cycles de matière, le maintien de la fertilité des sols, le stockage temporaire du carbone, et par son rôle dans la structuration physique des sols. Cette recherche évalue sur la base de onze placettes carrées de 10.000 m2, installées dans six (06) forêts classées et des zones cynégétiques des parcs nationaux W et Pendjari, le potentiel en bois morts, la structure spatiale des arbres morts et les facteurs influençant la mort des arbres dans les formations naturelles du Bénin. La structure spatiale est étudiée au moyen de la fonction K de Ripley et une régression multiple avec sélection de variables a permis d’identifier les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui ont un effet sur la densité en bois morts dans lesdites formations. Les paramètres dendrométriques des arbres morts dans les formations naturelles étudiées sont caractérisés par avec une densité à l’hectare de 32 tiges, un diamètre quadratique moyen de 17,2 cm et une surface terrière de 0,88 m2.ha-1. La structure spatiale affiche une distribution spatiale aléatoire et régulière des arbres morts sans aucune interaction positive entre arbres morts et vivants suggérant le feu comme principal facteur de mortalité des arbres. Les autres facteurs influençant le recrutement en bois morts sont les attaques des espèces animales saproxyliques ou autres ravageurs des bois et la sénescence. L’intégration des arbres morts dans les plans aménagements est alors indispensable pour assurer un très bon fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers du Bénin.
Performance of a prototype windmill for water pumping in Kpakungu community of Niger State Nigeria
Authors: Dalero M.S. , Musa N.A. 
Published: March 2021

Water is the primary source of life for mankind and one of the most basic necessities for rural development. Most rural communities in Nigeria do not have access to potable water. This research considers the provision of water to a community in Nigeria using power from wind. The design results show that a 2.076m diameter windmill is required for pumping water from borehole through a total head of 45m to meet a daily demand of 3.5m3 of water. Performance test of the horizontal axis wind pump was carried out. The lowest measured wind speed during the test was 0.4 m/s, while the corresponding water discharge flowrate was 0.032 l/s. Thehighest flowrate of 0.113 l/s was recorded at a wind speed of 2.4 m/s. Computer simulation was carried out to validate the performance test of the prototype windmill. The results showed that water discharge is proportional to the wind speed.
Keywords: Energy, Kpakungu, mean wind speed, plunger, windmill
Investigating the effect of vibration on the stability of the three-wheeled scooter taxi
Authors: Ojolo S.J. , Ajayi O.O. , Asuelinmen G.A. 
Published: March 2021

The present three wheeled scooter taxi (TWST) that are widespread in Africa and Asian Countries are fuel economical and inexpensive. However, they are unstable due to their schematic layout. This instability places limitation on the usage of the vehicle. Researchers have investigated the rollover and lateral stabilities of this vehicle, including the effect of vibration on the comfort of the riders. However, not much work has been done on the impact of vibration on the stability of the vehicle. These instabilities could be induced by trenches, potholes, uneven and ungraded roads that are prevalent in developing countries. Therefore, this work modelled and analysed the effect of vibration on a TWST using a standard road bump as reference point. The results proved the vehicle to be unstable in the vicinity of excitation frequency of 15.95rad/sec and spring constant of 68,600N/m due to resonance. This would affect safety of life and property. Therefore, it would be appropriate for some of the manufacturers of these vehicles to provide for enough safety margins in the design and selection of springs where the vehicles are rollover and laterally unstable. This will enhance the vehicle safety and receptivity.
Keywords: Three wheeled Vehicle, Vibration Modelling and Analysis, Design, Safety of Life and Property
Typical performance reductions in pv modules subject to soiling in a tropical climate
Authors: Njoku H.O. , Ifediora K.M. , Ozor P.A. , Dzah J.M. 
Published: March 2021

Soiling severely hinders the ability of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules to absorb incident solar radiation, causing significant deterioration of module performances. In this study, the thermal profiles and the electrical power outputs of PV modules were evaluated in order to establish the impact of soiling under tropical field conditions. Two case-study PV installations in the Universityof Nigeria were considered. Assessments of the PV systems, undertaken both when soiled and after they had been cleaned, involved the measurement of electrical power outputs and the acquisition of infrared (IR) thermograms. It was found that soiling had noticeable impacts on both module surface temperature distributions and their power outputs. The IR images, which showed spatial distributions of module surface temperatures, revealed the occurrence of hotspots on the modules when soiled. Furthermore, as a result of soiling, up to four-fold declines in module electrical efficiencies were observed. These declines were more significant in theground-mounted PV system at the University Staff Primary School compared to the roofmounted system at the University Energy Research Centre. Simple cleaning of the modules led to the disappearance of hotspots and significant improvements in output, showing that it is an effective means of maintaining PV modules performance and recovering the performance potentials lost due to soiling.
Keywords: solar PV, PV soiling, infrared thermography, module failure, PV performance
Factors affecting the performance of small-scale construction firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ali I.F. , Awad S. H. , Abdulsalam D. 
Published: March 2021

Small-Scale Construction Firms (SSCFs) in Nigeria are confronted with several problems that tend to limits their contributions to the country’s GDP, employment generation as well as infrastructural development. Although the prospect for improved contribution towards development still exists, there is the need for implementation of good management practices and support measures. Therefore, this study uses focus group to explore factors affecting the performance of small-scale construction firms and possible remedial measures. The study identified 113 factors that negatively affect performance. The interview further helped in grouping the variables into seven (7) groups. The focus group participants helped to identify and classify eighty-two (82) measures into internal and external measures. Internal measures are to be implemented by the construction firms towards solving internal constraints and external measures to be implemented by government and other stakeholders towards minimizing problems that are outside the control of the small-scale construction firms. Results revealed critical factors affecting performance such as financial indiscipline by contractors, lack of experience and track records, poor policy by commercial banks on SMEs, corruption, effects of globalisation, multiple taxation, stringent prequalification criteria, poor design and specifications, lack of entrepreneurship skills and delay in payment for work done. The study recommends the implementation of remedial measures by management of small-scale construction firms and governments with other stakeholders that could improve performance.
Keywords: small-scale constructions firms, focus group, problems, remedial measures and performance.
A low-cost printed circuit board design technique and processes using ferric chloride solution
Authors: Obe C.T. , Oti S.E. , Eya C.U. , Nnadi D.B.N. , Nnadi O.E. 
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) design technique and processes using ferric chloride (𝑭𝒆𝑪𝒍𝟑) solution on a metal plate for a design topology. The PCB design makes a laboratory prototype easier by reducing the work piece size, eliminating the ambiguous connecting wires and breadboards circuit errors. This is done by manual etching of the designed metal plate via immersion in ferric chloride solutions for a given time interval 0-15mins. With easy steps, it is described on how to make a conventional single-sided printed circuit board with low-cost, time savings and reduced energy from debugging. The simulation and results of the printed circuit is designed and verified in the Multisim software version 14.0 and LeCroy WJ35Aoscilloscope respectively.
Keywords: Etching, Ferric Chloride, Insertion, Multisim, Metal Plate, Printed Circuit Board
Evaluation of collapse mechanism of telecommunication tower
Authors: Yanda M. , Abejide O.S. , Ocholi A. 
Published: March 2021

This paper presents evaluation of a 67.12m high telecommunication tower with the objectives of applying the Finite Element Method (FEM) in modelling it, analysing it under Nigerian wind loads from five different wind zones (Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3 Zone 4 and Zone 5 with basic wind speeds as 42m/s, 45.8m/s, 50m/s, 55m/s and 56m/s respectively). The collapse mechanism of the tower was predicted using the Mechanism Method. The tower was modelled and wind load was calculated on it and analysis shows that there is mechanism for the tower to collapse under dynamic wind loads as plastic hinges are developed at the joints and along bracing members. The most severe wind load was used in the plastic analysis conducted and it shows that when the plastic hinges developed at the lower section of the tower, the three mechanisms are more critical compared to when it develops at other sections of the tower. Also, using such load as the collapse load, when the plastic hinges developed at any section of the tower, combine mechanism is more critical and hence the tower is likely to collapse due to failure of both leg members and bracing members.
Key words: Collapse, Mast, Steel Structure, Analysis
Anestesi untuk Seksio Sesarea pada Pasien dengan Ventrikel Septal Defek
Authors: Sulistyanti Dwiana , Uyun Yusmein 
Published: March 2021

Pasien hamil yang memiliki penyakit jantung kongenital merupakan tantangan untuk dokter kandungan dan dokter anestesi ketika pasien akan menjalani operasi sesarea mergensi. Dalam penanganan pasien hamil yang beresiko tinggi dibutuhkan pemahaman yang baik tentang perubahan hemodinamik saat kehamilan, dan efek perubahan tersebut terhadap pasien dan fisiologi jantung abnormal. Penyakit jantung kongenital merupakan penyebab paling banyak masalah jantung pada pasien hamil tetapi pasien dengan defek yang tidak dikoreksi merupakan kasus yang jarang pada bagian kandungan. Pada populasi dewasa, lesi jantung kongenital kronik yang tidak diperbaiki merupakan situasi yang sulit bagi dokter anestesi karena tingginya resiko anestesi obstetrik. Laporan kasus ini menjelaskan tentang keberhasilan operasi sesar pada pasien penyakit jantung kongenital dalam kondisi emergensi. Wanita umur 28 tahun, G1P0A0 dengan umur kehamilan 38–39 minggu datang ke rumah sakit untuk melahirkan. Wanita ini memiliki riwayat penyakit jantung kongenital ventrikel septal defek (VSD). Kemudian dilakukan operasi sesar dengan anestesi umum dengan gas inhalasi dan obat intravena. Cefotaxim dan gentamisin diberikan untuk propilaksis endokarditis bakteri. Bayi lahir dengan skor APGAR 8 setelah menit ke 5. Pasca operasi pasien dibawa ke ruang ICU untuk monitoring ketat tanda vital dan perawatan pasca operasi. Laporan kasus ini menjelaskan tentang kondisi pasien pre-operasi, intra-operasi dan pasca-operasi.

Anesthesia for a Cesarean Section in a Patient with Ventricular Septal Defect
AbstractPregnant patient with congenital heart disease (CHD) make for a unique challenge to the obstetrician and anesthesiologist, when the patient has to undergo emergency cesarean section. Managing high-risk parturient requires a thorough understanding of the hemodynamic changes of pregnancy, its effect on the patient and physiology of the abnormal heart. CHD is becoming the most common source of cardiac problem in pregnant patient but non-corrected cardiac defect patient are rare cases in the obstetric departement. In adult population, chronic non-palliated congenital heart lession present new difficult situation for the anesthesiologist working with high-risk obstetric anesthesia. This case report makes a successful cesarean section in a CHD patient in emergency condition. A 28 year old female, gravida 1 at 38-39 weeks gestation age admitted to our hospital for delivery. She had a history of CHD with ventricular septal defect. She was prepared for cesarean section under general anesthesia with inhaled and intravenous anesthetic agents. Cefotaxim and gentamicin were administered for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis. The newborn was delivered quickly with APGAR score 8 after 5 minutes. Postoperatively, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring of vital signs and post-operative care. The case report will include details in pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative outcome of the patient.
Graduate Joblessness: Conviction for Entrepreneurship Studies in Library and Information Science Programme of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions
Authors: Ayanlola Atanda Luqman , Emeka Ugwulebo Jeremiah 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand what the Nigerian graduates are passing through, most especially graduate of library and information science programme of Nigerian tertiary institutions.
Findings: The statistics of unemployed graduates in Nigeria as at 2011 showed that a disheartening figure of 42.7 million with over 1,8 million graduates churned out of our higher institutions yearly. It was further revealed that the unemployment rate in Nigeria stood at 38 percent in 2013 with further increase expected in succeeding years. The slow rate of economic growth and undeveloped private sector, faulty manpower planning, high expectations of the fresh graduate attitude towards some types of jobs, recruitments, the quest for higher education, inadequate educational curricular, immobility of labour, the long period of initial unemployment among graduates of higher institution, use of capital intensive technology, wide rural-urban migration
Conclusion: It is evident that entrepreneurship education is important for Library and Information Science students in higher institution of learning. The training of Library and Information Science students must reflect the 21st century development in the field which is influenced by the emergence of Information Technology, hence, Library and Information Science students must have computer proficiency, familiarity with metadata, database management and application, web development and design, knowledge of electronic resources and services
EXAMINING THE BARRIERS TO REPORTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Ssali Sarah , Namaganda Agnes , Bisaso Ronald 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Universities have responded to sexual harassment by putting in place formalized reporting processes through which victims can seek redress. Despite these processes, victims seldom invoke the grievance handling mechanisms that are enshrined in university sexual harassment policies. This study therefore sought to investigate why the vice is grossly under reported. Given the asymmetrical relationship between students and faculty as well as the gendered position of female students, this study specifically focused on why female undergraduate students seldom reported faculty perpetrated sexual harassment.
Methodology: The study was carried out at a large public university in East Africa, was purely qualitative and involved 42 participants who included students, members of faculty and university administrators. The data was analyzed thematically
Findings: These indicated that institutional and social cultural barriers coupled with power asymmetries and financial inadequacy play a role in the non-reporting of sexual harassment amongst female university students.
Unique contribution to policy and practice: These findings are beneficial to universities especially as they seek to revise their existing sexual harassment policies. University managers ought to ensure that complaint handlers are well positioned to fairly handle sexual harassment complaints. This may help victims to build trust in the grievance handling mechanisms thus encouraging them to report the vice
Regularization of Predictors of GDP and Individual Sectors of the Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Assylbekov Amanbay , Assylbekova Bayan 
Published: March 2021

Today, the point of view is widespread that a developed stock market is a necessary component of sustainable development of the entire economy of a country, region. How true is this approach in the conditions of the frontier market and the developing economy, to which Kazakhstan belongs? In our study, we tried to quantify this approach. Compression (regularization) of predictors was carried out. The constructed model was tested on the predictors of civil aviation in Kazakhstan. The following results are obtained. The use of regularization with the goal of: data mining, identifying external predictors of development of various sectors of the economy, we consider it necessary and useful. Stock market capitalization is directly related to the money supply and, to a lesser extent, to household deposits. The view is partially confirmed that pumping money into the economy only leads to financial bubbles. The stock market index was sensitive to a wide range of social and macroeconomic indicators: population growth, unemployment, poverty, inflation, investment, devaluation. Our conclusion: for the development of the stock market does not require any specific financial measures, it is necessary to deal with the economy as a whole. Volumes of transactions with corporate securities do not have stable external predictors. The main indicators of civil aviation in the republic have stable external predictors. Passenger turnover, sending passengers directly depend on: the level of unemployment, wages, GDP per capita, various types of services and products, money supply. There are no external predictors for a separate type of aerial work - cargo transportation. Consequently, it is possible to obtain positive results through the reform of this particular segment of services.