bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mitochondria‐Targeted Micelle Inhibits Alzheimer's Disease Progression by Alleviating Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Qian Wenqiang , Liu Daozhou , Liu Jie , Liu Miao , Ji Qifeng , Zhang Bangle , Yang Zhifu , Cheng Ying , Zhou Siyuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, this work designs a mitochondria‐targeted micelle CsA‐TK‐SS‐31 (CTS) to block the progression of AD by simultaneously alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia and neurons. The mitochondria‐targeted peptide SS‐31 drives cyclosporin A (CsA) to penetrate the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and delivers CsA to mitochondria of microglia and neurons in the brains of 5 × FAD mice. Under the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) environment in damaged mitochondria of microglia and neurons, the linker (thioketal, TK) between CsA and SS‐31 is broken and CsA and SS‐31 are released while consuming ROS in the microenvironment. The released CsA and SS‐31 synergistically restore the mitochondrial membrane potential and the balance between the fission and fusion of mitochondria, which subsequently protect neurons from apoptosis and reduce the activation of microglia in the brains of 5 × FAD mice. Ultimately, the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment of 5 × FAD mice are ameliorated. This research provides a synergistic treatment strategy for AD through alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction to reduce neuroinflammation and restore the function of neurons simultaneously.
Controlling the Hierarchical Assembly of DNA‐Based Hexagonal Microstructures
Authors: Makino Tetsunao , Kajitani Takashi , Tanaka Makiko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the controlled morphology of hierarchical liquid crystalline DNA assemblies. Through a process of heating and slow cooling, double‐stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) having 23 complementary bases and two base overhangs (a pair of 25mer oligonucleotides) spontaneously assemble into micro‐sized hexagonal platelets in a solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and salt. Remarkably, the addition of a shorter dsDNA with AA/TT overhangs (a pair of 18mer oligonucleotides) to a PEG‐salt solution of 25mer DNA with AA/TT overhangs results in the formation of molecular tubes, each with a central blockage. In contrast, the addition of 18mer DNA with GG/CC overhangs leads to the formation of hexagonal frames from hexagonal platelets. In the assemblies, 18mer DNA is more predominant at the edges, while the central nuclei are composed of 25mer DNA. X‐ray scattering measurements reveal that both molecular tubes and hexagonal frames form hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline assemblies. These self‐assemblies are thought to result from depletion attraction due to PEG and end‐to‐end stacking between dsDNA overhangs. Differences in the melting temperatures between longer and shorter dsDNAs enable the stepwise formation of hierarchical assemblies, while variations in overhang sequences modulate the overall morphology by altering the growth direction of the assemblies.
Enriched Electrophilic Oxygen Species on Ru Optimize Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Tao , Du Runxin , Fang Qiang , Hao Genyan , Liu Guang , Zhong Dazhong , Li Jinping , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRuthenium oxide (RuO2) is considered one of the most promising catalysts for replacing iridium oxide (IrO2) in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nevertheless, the performance of RuO2 remains unacceptable due to the dissolution of Ru and the lack of *OH in acidic environments. This paper reports a grain boundary (GB)‐rich porous RuO2 electrocatalyst for the efficient and stable acidic OER. The involvement of GB regulates the valence state of Ru and weakens the interaction between Ru and O, effectively facilitating *OH adsorption and *OOH formation. Notably, achieved a record‐high catalytic activity (145 mV at 10 mA cm−2) with a low Tafel slope (40.9 mV dec−1) and a remarkable mass activity of 332 mA mg−1Ru at 1.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is achieved. Additionally, the porous RuO2 exhibits superb stability with an ultra‐low degradation rate of 26 µV h−1 over a 50‐day durability test. This study opens a viable pathway for the development of efficient and robust Ru‐based acidic OER electrocatalysts.
Medicines as Designed Objects
Authors: Pizzocaro Silvia , Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA large amount of healthcare studies are paying very large attention to patients’ behaviour with medicines and to patient-related factors leading to successful or poor medication adherence. Despite that, more diffused design-oriented perspectives grafted onto the medication-user relation still deserve attention. Although medicines can be the first (and sometimes unique) remedy a patient can rely on when at home, there is a relative inertia in designerly ways of conceiving medicines as ‘designed things’. The diffusion and ubiquity of pharmacological treatments—specifically their pervasiveness—which today represents a nearly complete reality for many countries with mature economies, are in fact still characterized by the lack of an advanced design-oriented perspective about medications, patients, and their interactions: drugs, despite scientific refinement of its pharmacological principle, may remain quite traditional as technical objects. The opportunities offered by healthcare service systems and enabling technologies, as well as the monitoring of therapies, risk not obtaining their desired effectiveness if there is no intervention at the ground zero of the drug’s ‘shape’ itself, as it appears in its commodity elements (galenical forms; delivery, dosage and storage co-products; packaging and informative attachments); if it is neglected to investigate patients’ everyday lives, their fragility, and the nature of the user interactions, which are not scientific, but instead inaccurate and approximate; if the prosaic side of the therapeutic action is believed to be irrelevant.
Use Phenomenologies. Observing the User While Taking Pharmaceutical Therapies
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs introduced in Chap. 14, the notes below take the Farb Research (University Funds for Basic Research) Care for Care—Shaping medicines: a question of Identity, Use and Communication as their starting point. In the previous chapters, we have presented some points of view in which the discipline of design can contribute through a theoretical-critical analysis of the culture of medicine use. In this chapter, we present the outcomes of the observational activity. For three consecutive years, in addition to the research team, it involved classes from the Metadesign and Visual Elements Studios of the School of Design at Politecnico di Milano. Students were trained to detect the behaviour of patients—their grandparents—while dealing with drug therapy in their home contexts. These outcomes provided an initial basis for corroborating theoretical reflection and were supplemented by an analysis of the research group activities from a design perspective. A perspective that focuses on the formal aspects of objects, on the relationships established between subjects and objects—namely between patient and medicine—, and on the role that the context of use plays in shaping this relationship. The chapter reports reflections derived from observation activities.
Medicinal Products: When Innovation Meets the Patient
Authors: Dionigi Lamberto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTherapeutic adherence is an essential element to guarantee the best benefit/risk ratio of a drug for the patient. It refers to the degree to which the patient correctly follows the recommendations on the use of the drug at the due dosage, time, and regimen, throughout the prescribed duration. A low adherence can therefore be the consequence of an incorrect, incomplete, or irregular intake of the medicine. A high adherence, on the other hand, reduces the patient’s health risks, increases the likelihood of treatment effectiveness and safety, and contributes to controlling therapy costs. For this reason, both pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies have worked over the years to ensure that the patient is provided with adequate tools to minimize the likelihood and impact of low adherence to therapy. This chapter focuses on those medicines’ elements that can influence therapeutic adherence and highlights some innovations, already in place or in development, aimed to improve it. The author will privilege the example of oral drugs, which are generally self-administered by the patient at home, an environment less controlled than a clinic or hospital.
Compendium: Step Toward Design-Oriented Practices in the Pharma Industry in a Multidisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the first chapter of this volume, we began our exploration by stating that “from a regulatory point of view, the pharmaceuticals sector—given the peculiarities of the product and its impact on consumer health—has always been hyper-regulated” (see Chap. 2 and Addendum 1). The power of this regulation stems not only from legislative documents at the EU and international levels but also from national regulations. The regulatory landscape is further complicated by the addition of documents such as Guidelines, Product and Process Regulations, and Recommendations from individual states over time, creating a highly stratified and complex legislative framework in the pharmaceutical field. Throughout the various chapters, regulatory milestones have been revisited, aligning with the topics addressed by different authors (refer to Addendum 1 for the regulations or sections of regulations framing the design of primary and secondary packaging, as well as the package leaflet). Our specific focus is on the role of current legislation in guiding the design of the ‘medicine system’ toward the patients and their needs. As elucidated in the text, the ‘medicine system’ encompasses the ensemble of physical artifacts and information apparatus—primary packaging, secondary packaging, package leaflet—that, alongside the medicine, undergo evaluation by regulatory bodies for its ‘marketing’(Fig. 22.1).
Primary Medicine Packaging and Quality Control
Authors: Piovosi Elena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the case of pharmaceuticals, packaging has moved from being the last step in the production chain to influencing the whole product design process, bounding a series of strict production standards. Why is the primary packaging of a medicine important? The primary packaging encounters the product, and its function is not only to be able to contain, protect or transport the medicine. Above all, packaging preserves the product, guaranteeing its quality throughout the self-life period. Furthermore, the choice also depends on the type of use and market demands. The typology of packaging and its material is of fundamental importance both for the pharmaceutical company that use it and for the patient. The chapter presents an abacus with the principal pharmaceutical form and packaging types.
The Future Digital Pharmacological Prescriptions Between Therapy Adherence and Integrated Healthcare Personal Plans
Authors: Andreoni Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe medical prescription is a most used and common tool to deliver clinical instructions for healthcare actions to the patient and among all the clinical actors involved in the process. Today this informative process is implemented by a paper sheet different in each country for format and content. In Italy it contains a limited set of instructions and mainly reports administrative data, so missing the main function to provide information and to act as a pro-memoria tool (about therapy parameters like dosage, assumption plan, interactions) for the patients. This is a factor affecting therapeutical adherence and, consequently, efficacy. New digital technologies offer the new e-health services to empower patients, caregivers, and clinical operators in the frame of the 5-P medicine for a more personalized and accurate approach. This process should involve also the first step towards health which is represented by the access to healthcare and the consequent prescription (pharmaceutical or diagnostic or therapeutical). This chapter discusses the current situation of processes driven by medical prescriptions, their formats, and their expected evolution in the frame of the new digital medicine vision.
Einleitung
Authors: Grafe Silke , Trefzger Thomas , Siller Hans-Stefan , Eisenmann Maria , Füting-Lippert Angelika 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der Bedeutung digitaler Medien für Lebens- und Arbeitsbereiche sind Medienkompetenz und Medienbildung zu wichtigen Voraussetzungen für die Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben geworden (Tulodziecki et al., 2021). Der Umgang mit digitalen Medien und Technologien sowie deren kritische Reflexion sind bedeutsame fächerübergreifende und fachintegrative Aufgaben für Schule und Unterricht (Schelhowe et al., 2009). Der universitären Lehrpersonenbildung kommt somit die wichtige Aufgabe zu, digitalisierungsbezogene Kompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden zu fördern, um diese auf das Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien und die Wahrnehmung medien- und technologiebezogener Erziehungs- und Bildungsaufgaben vorzubereiten (Tulodziecki, 2012; Eickelmann et al., 2016; van Ackeren, 2019).
Nachhaltiges Lernen an der Hochschule: Untersuchungen zu Randbedingungen der positiven Effekte von digitalen Übungstests auf das Behalten von Lehrinhalten
Authors: Glaser Julia , Richter Tobias 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungLernen begleitet uns unser Leben lang, von der frühkindlichen Bildung über Schule, Ausbildung und Universität bis hin zum Lernen im Beruf. Vieles von dem, was wir lernen, wird aber rasch wieder vergessen. Die Nutzung von Übungstests ist eine Lernstrategie, die zum Erwerb nachhaltigen Wissens beiträgt, also Wissen, das dauerhaft zur Verfügung steht und abgerufen werden kann, wenn es benötigt wird. In einem Zyklus mit drei Experimenten im Rahmen regulärer Psychologievorlesungen im Lehramtsstudium wurde erforscht, ob der positive Effekt von digitalen (Online-)Übungstests auf das Behalten (Testungseffekt) von Personen- oder Situationsmerkmalen abhängt und auch das Behalten von Vorlesungsinhalten fördert, die nicht direkt getestet wurden (Transfer). In Experiment 1 lag der Schwerpunkt auf Lernermerkmalen wie Motivation, Prüfungsängstlichkeit oder Vorwissen als potenziellen Moderatoren. Experiment 2 befasste sich mit Transfereffekten auf Vorlesungsinhalte, die in den Übungstests nicht direkt enthalten waren. In Experiment 3 wurde untersucht, ob eine metakognitive Aktivierung den Testungseffekt noch verstärken kann. Alle drei Experimente wurden mit Lehramtsstudierenden durchgeführt und hatten einen ähnlichen Aufbau: Die Studierenden nahmen regulär an ihren universitären Veranstaltungen teil (Lernphase), beantworteten im Nachgang online Fragen zur Sitzung (Übungstests) und wurden zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt nochmals abgefragt (kriterialer Test). Der Testungseffekt konnte in allen drei Experimenten nachgewiesen werden, allerdings nur für direkt getestetes Wissen. Transfereffekte für verwandtes, nicht getestetes Wissen traten nicht auf. Weder Lernermerkmale noch die metakognitive Aktivierung schienen einen Einfluss auf die Effektivität des Testens zu haben. Der Testungseffekt scheint also eine sehr wirksame Lernstrategie zu sein, die sich sinnvoll und in Form von Online-Übungstests auch ökonomisch in der Hochschullehre einsetzen lässt und unabhängig von Lernermerkmalen zu besseren Lernergebnissen führt. Die Übungstests sollten aber die gesamte Bandbreite relevanter Inhalte abdecken, da Transfereffekte zu nicht getesteten Inhalten nicht zu erwarten sind.
Jüdische Zeitschriften deutscher Sprache
Authors: Vanassche Tom 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel stellt die These auf, dass jüdische Zeitschriften maßgeblich an der Gestaltung und Entfaltung einer Sprachkultur beteiligt waren, die seit der Haskala zunehmend die deutsche Sprache für die Artikulation von jüdischem Selbstbewusstsein verwendete, während die Bedeutung des Hebräischen nach dem Höhepunkt der Haskala allmählich abnahm. Obwohl diese Entwicklung nicht geradlinig verlief, berufen sich Intellektuelle in der deutschsprachig-jüdischen Presse nach 1945 weiterhin, wenn auch oft implizit, auf diese Tradition. – In this article, we argue that Jewish magazines were central to shaping a linguistic culture in which the German language had increasingly been invoked to articulate a Jewish self-consciousness, while the importance of Hebrew steadily declined after the heyday of the Haskala. While this was certainly not a straightforward evolution, we note that intellectuals writing in the German-Jewish press after 1945 still invoked, albeit often tacitly, this tradition.
Sprachkrisen im Kontext kontroverser Zugehörigkeit
Authors: Hahn Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfasungSprachkrisen bilden einen zentralen Aspekt deutschsprachig-jüdischer Literatur, der im Kontext der Zuschreibungen durch die nichtjüdischen Mehrheitsgesellschaften steht und mit dem Eintritt von Jüdinnen und Juden in die deutsche Sprachgemeinschaft im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert verbunden ist. Im Artikel wird in exemplarischen Konstellationen nachvollzogen, wie sich diese Besonderheit jüdischer Autorschaft in deutscher Sprache als unterstellte Normabweichung seither immer wieder, auf je spezifische Weise, aktualisierte, was hier am Beispiel von Berthold Auerbach, Fritz Mauthner, Jakob Wassermann und Theodor W. Adorno dargestellt wird. – Crises of language compose a central aspect of German-speaking Jewish literature, which stands within the context of the attributions made by non-Jewish majority societies towards Jews and is linked with the entrance of Jews into the German community of language at the end of the 18th century. In this article it will be demonstrated how this special characteristic of Jewish authorship in German appears as divergent from the supposed language norm and has been reactivated ever since; this will be shown especially referring to Berthold Auerbach, Fritz Mauthner, Jakob Wassermann, and Theodor W. Adorno.
Die Sprachenfrage im Reformjudentum, im Zionismus und in Palästina/Israel
Authors: Neuburger Twito Karin 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Verhältnis der Juden zur deutschen Sprache vom Reformjudentum über den Zionismus bis in die Gegenwart des Staates Israel weist im Überblick zwei Tendenzen auf, die sich weniger widersprechen, als dass sie sich gegenseitig bedingen. Zum einen Katalysator und Indikator der Zugehörigkeit zum deutschen Volk, zum anderen aber geradezu Ausdruck jüdischer Identität wirkt die deutsche Sprache im Zusammenspiel mit dem Hebräischen assimilatorisch und dissimilatorisch zugleich. Die Fortsetzung dieses Zusammenspiels, die u. a. der paradigmatischen Funktion des Deutschen als Bildungssprache der Moderne geschuldet ist, lässt sich auch im Hebräischen des jüdischen Staates beobachten. – In the transition from Reform Judaism through Zionism to the State of Israel, two tendencies manifest themselves with regard to how Jews related to the German language – tendencies that seem contradictory, but are actually interdependent. As a catalyst for and indicator of belonging to the German people, on the one hand, and as expression of Jewish identity on the other, the German language in interplay with Hebrew fosters both assimilation and dissimilation. The continuation of this interplay, which also stems from the paradigmatic function of German as language of the educated in the modern world, continues to show itself in the Hebrew culture of the Jewish state.
Wissenschaftsorientiertes Philosophieren mit der PhEx-Box
Authors: Breitwieser Anna 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungLernende auf den Umgang mit den vielfältigen Fragen und Problemen unserer Welt vorzubereiten, verlangt sowohl die Beschäftigung mit wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen als auch all den philosophischen Argumenten und Theorien, die damit in Zusammenhang stehen. Allerdings gibt es kaum unterrichtspraktische Instrumente, die beide Perspektiven reflexiv verbinden. Für den Philosophieunterricht hat Bettina Bussmann den Phänomenkoffer entwickelt. Dieser ist darauf ausgerichtet, durch freies und assoziatives Fragen alltägliche Gegenstände zu erkunden. Das Stellen von wissenschaftlichen, philosophischen und kreativ-spekulativen Fragen dient als Impuls, um philosophische Gespräche anzuregen. In naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtsfächern kommen oftmals Experimentierboxen zum Einsatz, die im Gegensatz dazu einen gezielt empirisch-experimentellen Zugang zu den Gegenständen wählen. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, das interdisziplinäre Potential des Phänomenkoffers zu erschließen und um das Konzept der Experimentierbox zu erweitern. So werden Philosophieren und Experimentieren zu einer Synthese gebracht und interdisziplinäre Verständigungs- und Reflexionsprozesse ermöglicht.
A Magnetovariational Survey at Lampedusa Island for Investigating the Ambient Noise and the Subsoil Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Regi Mauro , Del Corpo Alfredo , Di Mauro Domenico , Lepidi Stefania , Bagiacchi Paolo , Benedetti Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We conducted a magnetovariational field investigation at Lampedusa island (Italy), in the proximity to the geomagnetic observatory of Lampedusa. Data were collected from March 19 to March 23, 2022, using vector fluxgate magnetometers, configured in different spatial arrangements for two main purposes: (a) estimating the spatial distribution of potential anthropogenic noise; (b) identifying different conductivity structures beneath the observatory’s surroundings. The results obtained by means of the 1-D gradient method on simultaneous measurements indicate a very low ambient noise level, likely originating north of the geomagnetic observatory. Hypothetical event analysis, combining data from eleven sites with temporary magnetometer installations, reveals the presence of at least three distinct strata in the crust: a highly conductive layer positioned between two more resistive layers, located west of the observatory.
An All-Standard-Cell-Based Synthesizable SAR ADC with Inverter-Cell-Based Capacitive DAC
Authors: Li Shuowei , Yang Zunsong , Iizuka Tetsuya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an 8-bit synthesizable SAR ADC with inverter-cell-based capacitive digital-to-analog converters (CDACs). An inverter-cell-based capacitor is proposed by connecting the supply and ground ports of the inverter cells together but leaving them floated to suppress the voltage dependence to be suitable for employment in an ADC with moderate resolution. Furthermore, an inverter-cell-based analog switch is proposed to be employed in S/H and CDAC to achieve a fully standard-cell-based design without any custom-designed cells. The prototype is fabricated in a 65 nm standard CMOS process occupying 0.19 mm2. With a Nyquist input, the SFDR and SNDR reach 53.6 dB and 46.2 dB at 2.92 MS/s respectively without calibration. The power consumption is 425 $${\mu }$$
μ
W from a 1.2 V supply, which leads to the Walden FoM of 0.86 pJ/conv.-step.