bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirement of splicing factor hnRNP A2B1 for tumorigenesis of melanoma stem cells
Authors: Chu Mengqi , Wan Haitao , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cells play essential roles in tumorigenesis, thus forming an important target for tumor therapy. The hnRNP family proteins are important splicing factors that have been found to be associated with tumor progression. However, the influence of hnRNPs on cancer stem cells has not been extensively explored.MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine gene expressions. RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to identify the RNAs interacted with hnRNP A2B1. The in vivo assays were performed in nude mice.ResultsIn this study, the results showed that out of 19 evaluated hnRNPs, hnRNP A2B1 was significantly upregulated in melanoma stem cells compared with non-stem cells, suggesting an important role of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer stem cells. Silencing of hnRNP A2B1 triggered cell cycle arrest in G2 phase, leading to apoptosis of melanoma stem cells. The results also revealed that hnRNP A2B1 could bind to the precursor mRNAs of pro-apoptosis genes (DAPK1,SYT7, andRNF128) and anti-apoptosis genes (EIF3H,TPPP3, andDOCK2) to regulate the splicing of these 6 genes, thus promoting the expressions of anti-apoptosis genes and suppressing the expressions of pro-apoptosis genes. The in vivo data indicated that hnRNP A2B1 was required for tumorigenesis by affecting the splicing ofTPPP3,DOCK2,EIF3H,RNF128,DAPK1, andSYT7, thus suppressing apoptosis of melanoma stem cells.ConclusionOur findings showed the requirement of hnRNP A2B1 for tumorigenesis, thus presenting novel molecular insights into the role of hnRNPs in cancer stem cells.
Analysis of chicken macrophage functions and gene expressions following infectious bronchitis virus M41 infection
Authors: Sun Xiaoqi , Wang Zheng , Shao Changhao , Yu Jia , Liu Haoyun , Chen Huijie , Li Lu , Wang Xiurong , Ren Yudong , Huang Xiaodan , Zhang Ruili , Li Guangxing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic coronavirus with high morbidity and mortality in chicken breeding. Macrophages with normal biofunctions are essential for host immune responses. In this study, the HD11 chicken macrophage cell line and chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages (PBMCs-Mφ) were infected with IBV at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10. The dynamic changes of their biofunctions, including cell viability, pathogen elimination function, phagocytic ability, and gene expressions of related proteins/mediators in innate and acquired immunity, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis were analyzed. Results showed that IBV infection decreased chicken macrophage viability and phagocytic ability, and increased pathogen elimination function. Moreover, IBV augmented the gene expressions of most related proteins in macrophages involved in multiple host bioprocesses, and the dynamic changes of gene expressions had a close relationship with virus replication. Among them, MHCII, Fc receptor, TLR3, IFN-α, CCL4, MIF, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS showed significantly higher expressions in IBV-infected cells. However, TLR7, MyD88, MDA5, IFN-γ, MHCII, Fc receptor, MARCO, CD36, MIF, XCL1, CXCL12, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-10 showed early decreased expressions. Overall, chicken macrophages play an important role in host innate and acquired immune responses to resist IBV infection, despite early damage or suppression. Moreover, the IBV-induced autophagy and apoptosis might participate in the virus-host cell interaction which is attributed to the biological process.
ACTA1 is inhibited by PAX3-FOXO1 through RhoA-MKL1-SRF signaling pathway and impairs cell proliferation, migration and tumor growth in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Hu Qiande , Zhu Liang , Li Yuan , Zhou Jianjun , Xu Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a pediatric malignant soft tissue tumor with skeletal muscle phenotype. Little work about skeletal muscle proteins in ARMS was reported. PAX3-FOXO1 is a specific fusion gene generated from the chromosomal translocation t (2;13) (q35; q14) in most ARMS. ACTA1 is the skeletal muscle alpha actin gene whose transcript was detected in ARMS. However, ACTA1 expression and regulation in ARMS have not been well investigated. This work aims to explore the expression, regulation and potential role of ACTA1 in ARMS.

Results
ACTA1 protein was detected in the studied RH30, RH4 and RH41 ARMS cells. ACTA1 was found to be inhibited by PAX3-FOXO1 at transcription and protein levels by employing western blot, luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays. The activities of ACTA1 gene reporter induced by RhoA, MKL1, SRF, STARS or Cytochalasin D molecule were reduced in the presence of overexpressed PAX3-FOXO1 protein. CCG-1423 is an inhibitor of RhoA-MKL1-SRF signaling, we observed there was a synergistic effect between this inhibitor and PAX3-FOXO1 to suppress ACTA1 reporter activity. Furthermore, PAX3-FOXO1 overexpression decreased ACTA1 protein level and knockdown of PAX3-FOXO1 by siRNA enhanced ACTA1 expression. In addition, both MKL1 and SRF, but not RhoA were also found to be inhibited by PAX3-FOXO1 gene at protein levels and increased once knockdown of PAX3-FOXO1 expression. The association between MKL1 and SRF in cells was decreased accordingly with ectopic expression of PAX3-FOXO1. However, the distribution of MKL1 and SRF in nuclear or cytoplasm fraction was not changed by PAX3-FOXO1 expression. Finally, we showed that ACTA1 overexpression in RH30 cells could inhibit cell proliferation and migration in vitro and impair tumor growth in vivo compared with the control groups.

Conclusions
ACTA1 is inhibited by PAX3-FOXO1 at transcription and protein levels through RhoA-MKL1-SRF signaling pathway and this inhibition may partially contribute to the tumorigenesis and development of ARMS. Our findings improved the understanding of PAX3-FOXO1 in ARMS and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of ARMS in future.
Sparse pursuit and dictionary learning for blind source separation in polyphonic music recordings
Authors: Schulze Sören , King Emily J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose an algorithm for the blind separation of single-channel audio signals. It is based on a parametric model that describes the spectral properties of the sounds of musical instruments independently of pitch. We develop a novel sparse pursuit algorithm that can match the discrete frequency spectra from the recorded signal with the continuous spectra delivered by the model. We first use this algorithm to convert an STFT spectrogram from the recording into a novel form of log-frequency spectrogram whose resolution exceeds that of the mel spectrogram. We then make use of the pitch-invariant properties of that representation in order to identify the sounds of the instruments via the same sparse pursuit method. As the model parameters which characterize the musical instruments are not known beforehand, we train a dictionary that contains them, using a modified version of Adam. Applying the algorithm on various audio samples, we find that it is capable of producing high-quality separation results when the model assumptions are satisfied and the instruments are clearly distinguishable, but combinations of instruments with similar spectral characteristics pose a conceptual difficulty. While a key feature of the model is that it explicitly models inharmonicity, its presence can also still impede performance of the sparse pursuit algorithm. In general, due to its pitch-invariance, our method is especially suitable for dealing with spectra from acoustic instruments, requiring only a minimal number of hyperparameters to be preset. Additionally, we demonstrate that the dictionary that is constructed for one recording can be applied to a different recording with similar instruments without additional training.
Upper semicontinuity of attractors for nonclassical diffusion equations with arbitrary polynomial growth
Authors: Xie Yongqin , Li Jun , Zhu Kaixuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we mainly investigate upper semicontinuity and regularity of attractors for nonclassical diffusion equations with perturbed parametersνand the nonlinear termfsatisfying the polynomial growth of arbitrary order$p-1$p−1($p \geq 2$p≥2). We extend the asymptotic a priori estimate method (see (Wang et al. in Appl. Math. Comput. 240:51–61, 2014)) to verify asymptotic compactness and upper semicontinuity of a family of semigroups for autonomous dynamical systems (see Theorems 2.2 and 2.3). By using the new operator decomposition method, we construct asymptotic contractive function and obtain the upper semicontinuity for our problem, which generalizes the results obtained in (Wang et al. in Appl. Math. Comput. 240:51–61, 2014). In particular, the regularity of global attractors is obtained, which extends and improves some results in (Xie et al. in J. Funct. Spaces 2016:5340489, 2016; Xie et al. in Nonlinear Anal. 31:23–37, 2016).
An example for nonexistence of minimal foliations
Authors: Miao Xue-Qing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor the high-dimensional Frenkel–Kontorova model on lattices, we have concluded that there are heteroclinic connections between neighboring Birkhoff minimizers which are more periodic. This conclusion is based on the existence of neighboring elements, i.e., the existence of gaps. By adding a large enough oscillation to the local potential, I prove that all minimal foliations can be destroyed into minimal laminations, and hence there always exist gaps.
New approximate analytical technique for the solution of time fractional fluid flow models
Authors: Farooq Umar , Khan Hassan , Tchier Fairouz , Hincal Evren , Baleanu Dumitru , Bin Jebreen Haifa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this note, we broaden the utilization of an efficient computational scheme called the approximate analytical method to obtain the solutions of fractional-order Navier–Stokes model. The approximate analytical solution is obtained within Liouville–Caputo operator. The analytical strategy generates the series form solution, with less computational work and fast convergence rate to the exact solutions. The obtained results have shown a simple and useful procedure to analyze complex problems in related areas of science and technology.
Bochner definition of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions on time scales and an application to cellular neural networks with delays
Authors: Zhang Li-Li , Yang Xu-Dong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe definition of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions on time scales had been proposed in the literature, but at least one result was incorrect, which involved Bochner transform. In our work, we give the Bochner definition of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions on time scales, and prove that a function is Stepanov-like almost automorphic if and only if it satisfies Bochner definition of Stepanov-like almost automorphic function on time scales. The Bochner definition of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions on time scales corrects the faulty result, and perfects the definition of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions. As applications, we discuss the almost automorphy of a certain dynamic equation and some cellular neural networks with delays on time scales.
Neoteric formulas of the monic orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth-kind involving moments and linearization formulas
Authors: Abd-Elhameed Waleed M. , Youssri Youssri H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe principal aim of the current article is to establish new formulas of Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth-kind. Two different approaches are followed to derive new connection formulas between these polynomials and some other orthogonal polynomials. The connection coefficients are expressed in terms of terminating hypergeometric functions of certain arguments; however, they can be reduced in some cases. New moment formulas of the sixth-kind Chebyshev polynomials are also established, and in virtue of such formulas, linearization formulas of these polynomials are developed.
Stability analysis of five-grade Leishmania epidemic model with harmonic mean-type incidence rate
Authors: Khan Karim , Zarin Rahat , Khan Amir , Yusuf Abdullahi , Al-Shomrani Mohammed , Ullah Arif 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmania transmission. In addition, we develop a mathematical model for the Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmania transmission and consider its qualitative behavior. We derive the threshold number $R_{0}$

R
0

of the model using the next generation method. In the disease-free case, we carry out the local and global stability under the condition $R_{0}<1$

R
0

<
1
. Moreover, we derive the global stability at the disease-free equilibrium point by utilizing the Castillo-Chavez method. On the other hand, at the endemic equilibrium point, we show the local and global stability to be held under specific conditions and $R_{0}>1$

R
0

>
1
. We also establish the global stability at the endemic equilibrium point with the help of a geometrical approach, which is a generalization of Lyapunov theory, by using a second additive compound matrix. Finally, we take into account the sensitivity analysis of the threshold number with other parameters. We also discuss several graphs of important parameters.
Variability in instructions for performance of nasopharyngeal swabs across Canada in the era of COVID-19 – what type of swab is actually being performed?
Authors: Hiebert Nole M. , Chen Breanna Ashley , Sowerby Leigh J. 
Published: January 2021

Background The primary method of surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 is with nasopharyngeal swabs. Given the significant demand for nasopharyngeal swabs, a large number of previously untrained and unfamiliar staff are now performing this test. It was noted that there was significant heterogeneity in instructions for performing nasopharyngeal swabs in Canada, in contrast to the guidance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The objective of this study was to review the instructions provided across Canada and contrast them to those of the CDC and PAHO. Methods A standard series of steps for nasopharyngeal swab performance was outlined based on the CDC, PAHO, and New England Journal of Medicine instructions. A comprehensive search was performed in August 2020 to identify nasopharyngeal swab guidelines provided by public health in the provinces and territories of Canada. Regional health authority guidance was also collected. Instructions provided were contrasted against the standardized steps. Results Instructions were identified for all provinces and territories, and for 81 regional health authorities. From the provincial and territorial guidelines, 10/13 (77%) cleared the nasal passages before swab insertion, 11/13 (85%) tilted the patient's head back slightly, 12/13 (92%) inserted the swab parallel to the palate, but only 3/13 (23%) inserted the swab to at least a depth of two-thirds the distance between the patient's nose and ear. A clear majority (81%) of regional health authority guidelines followed their respective provincial guidelines. For depth of insertion, Quebec provided a pictogram but no distance or technique for estimation. Six provinces and territories - Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island and Alberta - recommended 4 cm or one-half the distance from nostrils to ear. British Columbia and Manitoba recommended a 7 cm depth of insertion. Nova Scotia recommended one-half to two-thirds the distance from nose to ear. Lastly, Newfoundland, New Brunswick and the Yukon recommended an insertion from nose to the external ear canal. Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in guidance for nasopharyngeal swab performance across Canada. The instructions provided by the majority of provinces and territories in Canada would not be effective in reaching the nasopharynx. Graphical Abstract
A novel approach for learning ontology from relational database: from the construction to the evaluation
Authors: Ben Mahria Bilal , Chaker Ilham , Zahi Azeddine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of converting relational database into Ontology is to provide applications that are based on the semantic representation of the data. Whereas, representing the data using ontologies has shown to be a useful mechanism for managing and exchanging data. This is the reason why bridging the gap between relational databases and ontologies has attracted the interest of the ontology community from early years, and it is commonly referred to as the database-to-ontology mapping problem. In this paper, we: (1) propose a new life cycle for ontology learning from RDBs based on the software engineering requirements; (2) describe a new method for building ontology from Relational database based on the predefined life cycle; (3) add three new semantics that can be extracted from RDB; (4) we suggest an evaluation process based on two categories of metrics: (i) conceptual ontology (TBox) evaluation metrics; (ii) factual ontology (ABox) evaluation metrics.
Predisposing factors’ effects on mortality of oak (Quercus) and hickory (Carya) species in mature forests undergoing mesophication in Appalachian Ohio
Authors: Radcliffe Don C. , Hix David M. , Matthews Stephen N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Mature oak (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.) trees are gradually being replaced by more shade-tolerant tree species across the eastern U.S., likely due to fire suppression and increased precipitation. Oaks and hickories are highly valuable to wildlife; therefore, studying their mortality patterns can provide information on the longevity of habitat quality for many animal species. Oak mortality has most often been studied following large oak decline events, but background mortality rates in forests with aging oak and hickory canopies warrant equal attention, especially in the context of widespread oak and hickory regeneration failure.

Methods
We studied background mortality rates of five oak and one hickory species over a 23–25 year time period (1993–1995 to 2018), using 82 1/20th hectare permanent plots on the Marietta Unit of the Wayne National Forest in southeastern Ohio. We calculated mortality rates based on remeasurement of individual trees for white oak (Quercus alba), chestnut oak (Quercus montana), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), black oak (Quercus velutina), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), and pignut hickory (Carya glabra). For each of these species other than scarlet oak, we also modeled the relationships of mortality probability with a priori topographic, soil, stand structural, and individual tree covariates, using a mixed-effects logistic regression framework.

Results
The species with the highest mortality rate was scarlet oak (61.3%), followed by northern red oak (41.4%), black oak (26.7%), pignut hickory (23.9%), white oak (23.4%), and chestnut oak (19.1%). In our models, northern red oak mortality was associated with more mesic slope positions, shallower solums, more acidic soils, and older stand ages. Pignut hickory and chestnut oak mortality rates were associated with higher basal areas on the plot, while white oak mortality showed the opposite pattern.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that red oak subgenus trees in mature forests of our area will become increasingly uncommon relative to white oak subgenus trees, as the result of higher mortality rates likely related to the shorter lifespans of these species. Particularly vulnerable areas may include more mesic topographic positions, shallower or more acidic soil, and older stands. Since maintaining oak subgenus diversity is beneficial to wildlife diversity in the eastern U.S., managers in areas with extensive mature mixed-oak forests could choose to favor the red oak subgenus when conducting silvicultural treatments.
Macrofauna community patterns in a Chiloe Island channel used intensely for aquaculture: the ecological status of its benthic environment
Authors: Hernández-Miranda Eduardo , Estrada Romina , Strange Poliana , Veas Rodrigo , Krautz M. Cristina , Quiñones Renato A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
It is known that aquaculture may produce negative environmental effects on marine ecosystems. Southern Chile is one of the most important salmon and mussel-producing areas in the world. Here we assess the ecological status of benthic communities near farming centers in Caucahue Channel, Chiloe, which has been used intensely for salmon and mussel production for 30 years.

Methods
The macrofauna, sediments and water column were characterized at distances of 5 to 100 m from three salmon and three mussel-producing centers. Information was also obtained from reference sites 500 to 3000 m from these aquaculture farms. The macrofauna and environmental conditions during winter were analyzed using uni- and multivariate analysis and the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) as an indicator of benthic community condition.

Results
(i) There is a high degree of spatial dissimilarity in macrofauna and environmental variables among sampling sites and types of environments (far from or near farming centers) and between the northern and southern areas of the channel; (ii) sediment structure (mean grain size and percentage of total organic matter) correlated with the observed dissimilarities in macrofauna communities; and (iii) the level of perturbation according to AMBI was heterogeneous, with sites in the undisturbed/normal range to moderately disturbed/polluted.

Conclusions
We found a high spatial dissimilarity in benthic macrofauna and environmental variables among sampling sites, environmental types and between the northern and southern areas of the channel. AMBI and multivariate community-environment analysis are useful tools to define the level of perturbation of a geographic area at different spatial scales, using all the ecological information from each sample and replicates.