bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanish Constitutionalism in Catalonia: An anthropology of civic nationalism
Authors: Pinho dos Santos Raquel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the nationalist conflict in Catalonia and how it is lived and experienced by actors within it. It focuses on the people mobilised against independence who see themselves primarily as defenders of the Spanish Constitution and not of Spanish nationalism. Critics of civic nationalism in political theory and Nationalism Studies argue that anti‐nationalist rhetoric tends to be the expression of structural or hegemonic nationalism. Drawing on fieldwork carried out in Barcelona, I look at how the conflict has influenced discourse and language used in everyday life, how participants negotiate their identity, why people do (and do not) get involved in organisations that defend their political ideas, how they see themselves within the conflict and their perceptions of public space and its significance in relation to the constitution. An ethnographic approach explores these issues and discovers that although anti‐independence actors base their mobilisation in nationalism, civic nationalism cannot be reduced to just another form of nationalism. I aim to go beyond critics of civic nationalism to explore how my interlocutors act within and against nationalism, reproducing nationalist discourse in some aspect (boundaries of the nation) in order to challenge it in others (content and relevance of nationalism in everyday life).
Application of Image Registration to Analyze the Clavicular Rotation of Normal Upper Limb Motion in the Sagittal Plane
Authors: Su Peng , Zhou Jun‐lin , Liu Feng , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo use image registration techniques to study the clavicular rotation of the shoulders in the sagittal plane.MethodsFrom 28 April 2019 to 20 May 2019, 13 healthy adults (7 males and 6 females) with no history of shoulder trauma surgery or chronic pain were recruited. Patients’ ages ranged from 22 to 42 years, with a mean age of 26.5 years. Three‐dimensional composite images of the sternum–clavicle–humerus were taken using CT images of upper limb movement in the sagittal plane in the 13 healthy adults. Four different postures were registered: (i) anatomical supine position; (ii) elbow joints lifted anteriorly in the supine position; (iii) posterosuperior hyperextension of the elbow joints in the prone position; and (iv) posteroinferior hyperextension of the elbow joints in the prone position. Image data from the humerus and clavicle in three of the postures were processed to calculate Euler angles for movements in the sagittal plane. SPSS 19 was used to perform statistical analyses.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the angles of change in the clavicle and humerus between the dominant and non‐dominant sides under different movement patterns. For upper limb movements in the sagittal plane, the clavicle displayed different Euler angles in different postures. The rotation angle from the anatomical to the horizontal position was the smallest angle, with an average value of 7.1°, whereas the rotation angle from horizontal to posterosuperior hyperextension was the largest, with an average value of 37.2°. When the upper limb moved from anterior protraction to a posterosuperior extension, the intrinsic rotation angle of the clavicle reached its maximum, with an average value of 27.9°; when moved from the anatomical to the horizontal position, 9.1% of the sagittal rotation was executed by the clavicle. During rotation from the horizontal position to posterosuperior hyperextension and from the anatomical to posterior extension, the clavicle showed relatively higher weights at 29.5% and 37.0%, respectively.ConclusionOur results showed that dominance was not a consideration when studying clavicular rotation. Image registration is an effective method that can be used to study upper limb scapular movements. Through comparing and analyzing the data, two postures had relatively large changes in the rotation angle. This can help improve indicators of clavicular rotational function during physical examinations and postoperative functional evaluations.
Recovery‐oriented care: mental health workers’ attitudes towards recovery from mental illness
Authors: Egeland Karina Myhren , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Heiervang Kristin Sverdvik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) was developed to operationalise the recovery construct and in turn contribute to moving mental health services towards recovery‐oriented practice. This study validated the RKI in a sample of Norwegian mental health care practitioners and examined mental health workers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards patient recovery.MethodsThe RKI was translated into Norwegian and tested on 317 mental health workers from 7 primary and 22 specialised mental health care units within a defined geographical area of Norway.ResultsPsychometric challenges to the RKI were observed and called into question the previously proposed four‐factor structure. The findings of the scale revealed that the study sample scored significantly lower than a comparable sample in a previous study, suggesting that the Norwegian mental health workers have relatively low orientation towards recovery. This finding was especially applicable to the reduction of symptoms and treatment, which the respondents perceived as essential for recovering from mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders.ConclusionsTo operationalise the recovery construct, the development of a measure such as the RKI needs further attention. For psychiatric practice to be moved in a more recovery‐oriented direction, consensus on what constitutes well‐functioning recovery must be reached by patients, practitioners and researchers alike.
Versatile allosteric properties in Pex5‐like tetratricopeptide repeat proteins to induce diverse downstream function
Authors: Bürgi Jérôme , Ekal Lakhan , Wilmanns Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProteins composed of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) arrays belong to the α‐solenoid tandem‐repeat family that have unique properties in terms of their overall conformational flexibility and ability to bind to multiple protein ligands. The peroxisomal matrix protein import receptor Pex5 comprises two TPR triplets that recognize protein cargos with a specific C‐terminal Peroxisomal Targeting Signal (PTS) 1 motif. Import of PTS1‐containing protein cargos into peroxisomes through a transient pore is mainly driven by allosteric binding, coupling and release mechanisms, without a need for external energy. A very similar TPR architecture is found in the functionally unrelated TRIP8b, a regulator of the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) ion channel. TRIP8b binds to the HCN ion channel via a C‐terminal sequence motif that is nearly identical to the PTS1 motif of Pex5 receptor cargos. Pex5, Pex5‐related Pex9, and TRIP8b also share a less conserved N‐terminal domain. This domain provides a second protein cargo‐binding site and plays a distinct role in allosteric coupling of initial cargo loading by PTS1 motif‐mediated interactions and different downstream functional readouts. The data reviewed here highlight the overarching role of molecular allostery in driving the diverse functions of TPR array proteins, which could form a model for other α‐solenoid tandem‐repeat proteins involved in translocation processes across membranes.
Internet-Based Concurrent Engineering: An Interactive 3D System With Markup
Authors: Kim Cheol-Young , Kim Namkug , Kim Yeongho , Kang Suk-Ho , O’Grady Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although Concurrent Engineering can offer substantial benefits, and hence many companies take a strong interest in the collaborative approach, it is not yet clear how it can best be implemented, particularly for a geographically distributed Concurrent Engineering team that may be using a disparate range of computer systems. The recent rise in the number connected to the Internet would offer the possibility of using Internet standards to allow for collaboration over the Internet. Central to the use of Internet standards for Concurrent Engineering is the key area of transmitting and viewing CAD and engineering information, and of communication between team members. This paper is concerned with addressing this issue and describes the how 3D CAD files can be viewed, and engineering information exchanged, by geographically distributed team members in an interactive manner using Internet standards. In particular this paper is concerned with the issue of storing STEP data so that it can be retrieved efficiently, how this data can be converted from STEP data to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to allow the product to be viewed in interactive 3-D on a wide number of platforms using the Internet, and is concerned with the issue of how team members can markup the VRML worlds, with other team members being able to examine the markup comments of others. An algorithm for converting STEP data to VRML is described and an overview of the implementation of this approach, in a system called CyberView, is given.
The result of this is that users from disparate functions, on a wide variety of platforms, can view products in interactive 3-D through the Internet, can comment on aspects of the design, and can examine the markup comments of other team members on particular aspects of the design. Such an approach offers the promise of improved communication and hence for enhancing the product development process.
Sketch-N-Make: Automated Machining of CAD Sketches
Authors: Bloomenthal Mark , Zeleznik Robert , Fish Russell , Holden Loring , Forsberg Andrew , Riesenfeld Richard , Cutts Matt , Drake Samuel , Fuchs Henry , Cohen Elaine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sketch-N-Make is a prototype system that enables individuals to create dimensioned designs quickly for a restricted, but broadly useful, domain of machined metal and plastic prismatic parts. Process plans, fixturing, tool selection, feeds and speeds, and toolpaths are automatically generated from the designs allowing parts to be manufactured on a machining center with the aid only of a technician who prepares and loads the stock and cutting tools.
The system employs a gestural interface that exploits familiar pencil sketching paradigms to allow users to create and manipulate geometry without specifying the details required for manufacturing. The system transforms the geometry into a high-level feature-based model that represents the geometry and additional information from which machining features are derived.
The sketching interface has mechanisms to constrain and parameterize 3D model geometry in ways required for precise part design and design iteration. The user can modify iteratively the geometric representation causing the system to automatically update the feature-based model accordingly. Then the system generates the necessary machining operations to manufacture the geometry on a machining center according to a family of process plans.
The synergy between the choices for part domain, user interface, and process plan family helps provide a smooth and rapid pathway from concept to detailed design to machined metal or plastic parts.
An Automated CFD Design and Analysis Tool for Inlet-Bleed Systems
Authors: Shih Tom I-P. , Lin Yu-Liang , Flores Andrew J. , Stephens Mark A. , Rimlinger Mark J. , Willis Brian P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A pre-processor was developed to assist CFD experts and non-experts in performing steady, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis of a class of inlet-bleed problems involving oblique shock-wave/ boundary-layer interactions on a flat plate with bleed into a plenum through rows of circular holes. With this pre-processor, once geometry (e.g., hole dimensions and arrangement) and flow conditions (e.g., Mach number, boundary-layer thickness, incident shock location) are inputted, it will automatically generate every file needed to perform a CFD analysis from the grid system to initial and boundary conditions. This is accomplished by accessing a knowledge base established by experts who understand both CFD and the class of problems being analyzed. For experts in CFD, this tool greatly reduces the amount of time and effort needed to setup a problem for CFD analysis. It also provides experts with knobs to make changes to the setup if desired. For non-experts in CFD, this tool enables reliable and correct usage of CFD. A typical session on a workstation from data input to the generation of all files needed to perform a CFD analysis involves less than ten minutes.
This pre-processor, referred to as AUTOMAT-V2, is an improved version of a code called AUTOMAT. Improvements made include: (1) multi-block structured grids can be patched in addition to being overlapped; (2) embedded grids can be introduced near bleed holes to reduce the number of grid points/cells needed by a factor of up to four; (3) grid systems generated allow up to three levels of multigrid; (4) CFL3D is supported in addition to OVERFLOW, two well-known and highly regarded Navier-Stokes solvers developed at NASA’s Langley and Ames Research Centers; (5) all files needed to run RONNIE for patched grids and MAGGIE for overlapped grids are also generated; and (6) more design parameters can be investigated including the study of micro bleed and effects of flow/hole misalignments.
Healthcare use and costs in the last year of life: a national population data linkage study
Authors: Diernberger Katharina , Luta Xhyljeta , Bowden Joanna , Fallon Marie , Droney Joanne , Lemmon Elizabeth , Gray Ewan , Marti Joachim , Hall Peter 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPeople who are nearing the end of life are high users of healthcare. The cost to providers is high and the value of care is uncertain.ObjectivesTo describe the pattern, trajectory and drivers of secondary care use and cost by people in Scotland in their last year of life.MethodsRetrospective whole-population secondary care administrative data linkage study of Scottish decedents of 60 years and over between 2012 and 2017 (N=274 048).ResultsSecondary care use was high in the last year of life with a sharp rise in inpatient admissions in the last 3 months. The mean cost was £10 000. Cause of death was associated with differing patterns of healthcare use: dying of cancer was preceded by the greatest number of hospital admissions and dementia the least. Greater age was associated with lower admission rates and cost. There was higher resource use in the urban areas. No difference was observed by deprivation.ConclusionsHospitalisation near the end of life was least frequent for older people and those living rurally, although length of stay for both groups, when they were admitted, was longer. Research is required to understand if variation in hospitalisation is due to variation in the quantity or quality of end-of-life care available, varying community support, patient preferences or an inevitable consequence of disease-specific needs.
Oncogenetic landscape of lymphomagenesis in coeliac disease
Authors: Cording Sascha , Lhermitte Ludovic , Malamut Georgia , Berrabah Sofia , Trinquand Amélie , Guegan Nicolas , Villarese Patrick , Kaltenbach Sophie , Meresse Bertrand , Khater Sherine , Dussiot Michael , Bras Marc , Cheminant Morgane , Tesson Bruno , Bole-Feysot Christine , Bruneau Julie , Molina Thierry Jo , Sibon David , Macintyre Elizabeth , Hermine Olivier , Cellier Christophe , Asnafi Vahid , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveEnteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare but severe complication of coeliac disease (CeD), often preceded by low-grade clonal intraepithelial lymphoproliferation, referred to as type II refractory CeD (RCDII). Knowledge on underlying oncogenic mechanisms remains scarce. Here, we analysed and compared the mutational landscape of RCDII and EATL in order to identify genetic drivers of CeD-associated lymphomagenesis.DesignPure populations of RCDII-cells derived from intestinal biopsies (n=9) or sorted from blood (n=2) were analysed by whole exome sequencing, comparative genomic hybridisation and RNA sequencing. Biopsies from RCDII (n=50), EATL (n=19), type I refractory CeD (n=7) and uncomplicated CeD (n=18) were analysed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Moreover, functional in vitro studies and drug testing were performed in RCDII-derived cell lines.Results80% of RCDII and 90% of EATL displayed somatic gain-of-functions mutations in the JAK1-STAT3 pathway, including a remarkable p.G1097 hotspot mutation in the JAK1 kinase domain in approximately 50% of cases. Other recurrent somatic events were deleterious mutations in nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) regulators TNFAIP3 and TNIP3 and potentially oncogenic mutations in TET2, KMT2D and DDX3X. JAK1 inhibitors, and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib could block survival and proliferation of malignant RCDII-cell lines.ConclusionMutations activating the JAK1-STAT3 pathway appear to be the main drivers of CeD-associated lymphomagenesis. In concert with mutations in negative regulators of NF-κB, they may favour the clonal emergence of malignant lymphocytes in the cytokine-rich coeliac intestine. The identified mutations are attractive therapeutic targets to treat RCDII and block progression towards EATL.
Validation of the Lyon classification for GORD diagnosis: acid exposure time assessed by prolonged wireless pH monitoring in healthy controls and patients with erosive oesophagitis
Authors: Rusu Radu-Ionut , Fox Mark R , Tucker Emily , Zeki Sebastian , Dunn Jason M , Jafari Jafar , Warburton Fiona , Wong Terry 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveAcid exposure time (AET) from ambulatory pH studies and reflux oesophagitis are independent measurements used by the Lyon classification to diagnose GORD. This study aimed to validate AET reference ranges and diagnostic thresholds by analysis of 96-hour wireless pH studies from healthy, asymptomatic controls (HCs) and patients with and without oesophagitis.DesignHC and consecutive patients referred for wireless pH studies (off acid suppressants for >7 days) underwent 96-hour pH studies at two tertiary referral centres. Erosive oesophagitis was categorised by the Los Angeles (LA) classification. Linear regression and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were performed to define optimal diagnostic cut-offs.ResultsProlonged, 96-hour pH studies were completed in 39 HCs (age 28 (18–53) years, 72% female) and 944 patients (age 46 (16–85) years, 65% female), of whom 136 (14.5%) had reflux oesophagitis. Median AET in HC was 1.3% (upper 95th percentile 4.6%) for any study day and 2.6% (upper 95th percentile 6.9%) for the worst day (24-hour period) during the study. ROC analysis for average AET differentiated HC from patients with moderate-to-severe oesophagitis (LA BCD; sensitivity 87%, specificity 95%, positive predictive value (PPV) 59%, negative predictive value 99% for a cut-off AET of 4.3%; area under the receiver operating curve 0.95). Specificity was higher, but PPV was substantially lower for severe oesophagitis (LA CD). ‘Worst-day’ analysis provided similar results; however, day-to-day variability was high.ConclusionDiagnostic thresholds for average AET were identified that accurately discriminate between HCs and patients with erosive oesophagitis. The findings provide conditional support for diagnostic criteria for GORD proposed by the Lyon Consensus.
Prevalence and risk factors for road traffic injuries and mortalities in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Denu Zewditu Abdissa , Osman Mensur Yassin , Bisetegn Telake Azale , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries, which are responsible for premature deaths and functional losses, are the leading causes of unintentional injuries in Ethiopia. As most studies on road traffic injuries, so far, have been either local or regional, it is believed that combining the regional or local data to get nationally representative information could help programme implementers in setting priorities.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to estimate the proportion of road traffic injuries, mortality and risk factors for the problem among all age groups in Ethiopia.Data sourcesA systematic review of articles using MEDLINE/PubMed SCOPUS Web of Science and science direct was conducted. Additional studies were identified via manual search.Study selectionOnly studies that reported road traffic injuries and/or mortalities for all age groups were included in this review.Data synthesisAll pooled analyses were based on random-effect models. Twenty-six studies for the prevalence of RTIs (n=37 424), 24 studies for road traffic injuries (RTI) mortality, (n=38 888), 9 studies for prevalence of fracture among RTIs (n=2817) and 5 studies for the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (n=1733) met our inclusion criteria. Driving in the dark increased severity of injury by 1.77, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.95). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool.ConclusionIn this review, the burden of road traffic injuries and mortalities remains high in Ethiopia. Human factors are the most common causes of the problem in Ethiopia. The existing safety regulations should be re-evaluated and supported by continuous behavioural interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124406.
Dietary Reference Intakes based on chronic disease endpoints: outcomes from a case study workshop for omega 3’s EPA and DHA
Authors: Racey Megan , MacFarlane Amanda , Carlson Susan E. , Stark Ken D. , Plourde Mélanie , Field Catherine J. , Yates Allison A. , Wells George , Grantham Andrea , Bazinet Richard P. , Ma David W.L. 
Published: February 2021

Given the focus on developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) based on chronic disease risk reduction and recent research for omega-3 long chain PUFA since the last DRI review, the Canadian Nutrition Society convened a panel of stakeholders for a 1-day workshop in late 2019. Attendees discussed the new NASEM guidelines for establishing DRI values based on chronic disease risk endpoints and the strength of current evidence for EPA and DHA as it relates to the new guidelines. Novelty: Summarizes evidence and expert opinions regarding the potential for reviewing DRI values for EPA and DHA and cardiovascular disease risk and early development.
Proton Pump Inhibitors, Associated Complications, and Alternative Therapies: A Shifting Risk Benefit Ratio
Authors: Friedman Alexander J , Elseth Anna J , Brockmeyer Joel R 
Published: February 2021

Objective Our goal was to compile the most recent and accurate data on the side effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). We also compared the efficacy of PPI to the efficacy of different surgical options for acid reflux control. Background Proton pump inhibitors are the primary therapy for chronic control of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but newer studies demonstrate deleterious side effects. Collating this information and contrasting it with surgical therapy for GERD provides evidence for possible practice changes in treatment. Methods A literature search utilizing PubMed was performed evaluating for PPI and anti-reflux surgery (ARS), focusing on articles that reflected information regarding the usage and efficacy of symptom control of both PPI and ARS. Search terms included “ARS, fundoplication, MSA, acute interstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, meta-analysis, PPI, H2 blocker, cardiovascular risk, and gut dysbiosis.” We evaluated 271 articles by title, abstract, and data for relevance and included 70. Results Long-term control of GERD with PPI may have a greater than expected side effect profile than initially thought. Surgical options may provide greater symptom control than PPI without the side effects of long-term medical therapy. Conclusions Anti-reflux control can be safely achieved with either PPI or surgical options; however, the long-term side effects noted in the review such as increased risk of cardiovascular events, renal disease, and gut dysbiosis may suggest surgical anti-reflux control as a better long-term option.