bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shellfishing on foot and the road to defeminization in Galicia (Spain)
Authors: Piñeiro-Antelo María de los Ángeles , Santos Xosé M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFishing resources, as well as fishing activities and policies, are in a state of permanent change, therefore transforming the living and working conditions of coastal and fishing populations. The gender perspective is relevant to understand the challenges faced by men and women in the fishing sector. Galicia (Spain) is one of the main fishing regions in the EU and with the largest number of women working in the fishing sector, especially in shellfishing on foot. Shellfishing on foot, an artisanal and traditional activity for the cultivation and extraction of mainly bivalve molluscs, represents 7% of gross value added (GVA) and 17% of the employment of the Galician fishing sector as a whole. Since the 1960s, a process of regulation and modernization of shellfishing on foot—more than 95% of which is carried out by women—has led to a sharp decrease in the number of shellfish gatherers. The regulatory processes and the professionalization of the sector have resulted in a strong decline in female employment, but, at the same time, women feel empowered and regard their jobs as dignified work. Our objective—through the analysis of the local permits granted to carry out this activity—focuses on the study of the consolidation of this process and has tried to highlight the ways in which patriarchy perpetuates the hegemonic position of men evidenced, for example, by a progressive masculinization of this activity with increasing economic profitability and social prestige.
Chronic conditions and multimorbidity associated with institutionalization among Finnish community-dwelling older people: an 18-year population-based follow-up study
Authors: Viljanen Anna , Salminen Marika , Irjala Kerttu , Heikkilä Elisa , Isoaho Raimo , Kivelä Sirkka-Liisa , Korhonen Päivi , Vahlberg Tero , Viitanen Matti , Wuorela Maarit , Löppönen Minna , Viikari Laura 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The ageing population is increasingly multimorbid. This challenges health care and elderly services as multimorbidity is associated with institutionalization. Especially dementia increases with age and is the main risk factor for institutionalization. The aim of this study was to assess the association of chronic conditions and multimorbidity with institutionalization in home-dwelling older people, with and without dementia.

Methods
In this prospective study with 18-year follow-up, the data on participants’ chronic conditions were gathered at the baseline examination, and of conditions acquired during the follow-up period from the municipality’s electronic patient record system and national registers. Only participants institutionalized or deceased by the end of the follow-up period were included in this study. Different cut-off-points for multimorbidity were analyzed. Cox regression model was used in the analyses. Death was used as a competing factor.

Results
The mean age of the participants (n = 820) was 74.7 years (64.0‒97.0). During the follow-up, 328 (40%) were institutionalized. Dementia, mood disorders, neurological disorders, and multimorbidity defined as five or more chronic conditions were associated with a higher risk of institutionalization in all the participants. In people without dementia, mood disorders and neurological disorders increased the risk of institutionalization.

Conclusion
Having dementia, mood or neurological disorder and/or five or more chronic conditions were associated with a higher risk of institutionalization. These risk factors should be recognized when providing and targeting care and support for older people still living at home.
A Snapshot of Poverty, Diseases and war – the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Sasidharan Shibu , Dhillon Harpreet Singh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDRC’s fight with the EVD (Ebola Virus Disease) was just settling when WHO declared COVID-19 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on March 12, 2020. DRC’s economic growth decelerated from its pre-COVID level of 4.4% in 2019 to an estimated 0.8% in 2020. This has caused concomitant setbacks in the treatment and control of major health issues like HIV, tuberculosis, measles, rift valley fever and malaria in the country. This, coupled with civil unrest, other infectious diseases and risk to the safety of the health workers is a recipe for a ‘perfect storm’ waiting to unfold.
Effectiveness of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral resection of the prostate in the era of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Khawcharoenporn Thana , Kanoktipakorn Pimjira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe results of this study demonstrate the lower incidence of posttransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) urinary tract infection (UTI) among patients receiving appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis (AAP) versus inappropriate antibiotic prophylaxis (27% vs 47%; P < .001). Preoperative urine culture procurement and APP are critical for post-TURP UTI prevention in the era of antibiotic resistance.
Can authentic leaders reduce the spread of negative workplace gossip? The roles of subordinates' perceived procedural justice and interactional justice
Authors: Cheng Jin , Usman Muhammad , Bai Haiqing , He Yuqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany studies suggest that leaders should discourage or prevent the spread of negative workplace gossip (NWG), but yet little is understood about the relationship between leaders and their subordinates' NWG. This study interprets the linkage between authentic leadership and two types of NWG via individuals' perceptions of justice based on fairness heuristic and justice views. The data were collected in a three-stage process from a large information technology corporation in China. The findings revealed that interactional justice mediated authentic leadership and NWG's relationship with supervisors and the relationship between authentic leadership and NWG about coworkers. The procedural justice mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and NWG about supervisors, while it didn't mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and NWG about coworkers. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Estimating the locations of voters, politicians, policy outcomes, and status quos on a common scale
Authors: Battista James Coleman , Peress Michael , Richman Jesse 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow well are voters represented and what explains how well voters are represented? Answering these questions requires unpacking the mechanisms by which voters choose elected officials and elected officials implement policies. Though spatial theories of voting and legislative bargaining provide a broad framework for understanding these mechanisms, testing these theories involves a measurement problem where multiple political actors and outcomes must be located. We develop a technique for estimating policy outcomes, status quo locations, the ideology of elite political actors, and the ideology of voters, on a common scale. Using our new estimates, we demonstrate a similar level of incongruence for tax policies and spending policies. The incongruence arises for different reasons however—tax policies are over-responsive to the position of the median voter. Contrarily, spending policies are under-responsive and barely correlated with the position of the median voter. In examining the underlying mechanisms for policy change, we find that while the positions of elected officials over-respond to the median voter, the changing composition of state government has little immediate impact on policy. Instead, policy outcomes respond to long-term trends in the composition of government.
RETHINKING EARLY MEDIEVAL ‘PRODUCTIVE SITES’: WEALTH, TRADE, AND TRADITION AT LITTLE CARLTON, EAST LINDSEY
Authors: Willmott Hugh , Wright Duncan W 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rising popularity of hobbyist metal detecting has provided early medieval scholars with various important new datasets, not least the concentrations of metalwork commonly known as ‘productive sites’. Awareness of these foci derives almost exclusively from archaeological evidence, yet they continue to be interpreted through a documentary lens, and are frequently labelled ‘monasteries’. Using the recently discovered site of Little Carlton, Lincolnshire, as a case study, it is argued that comprehension of metal-rich sites is significantly furthered by turning to archaeologically-orientated research agendas and terminologies. As a consequence, seventh- to ninth-century Little Carlton can be understood as one element of a high-status ‘meshwork’ within early medieval East Lindsey, in which elite power was articulated in the landscape through a number of contemporary centres. On site, archaeology indicates the presence of occupation, burial and craft working, but shows that highly symbolic indigenous practices were taking place too, including intentional deposition into a naturally-occurring pond. Evidence for activity either side of the seventh to ninth centuries also stresses the importance of long-term trajectories in shaping the character of places previously celebrated for their finds-rich phases alone.
Study on association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and thyroid volume
Authors: Liu Lanchun , Liu Lixiang , Li Ming , Du Yang , Liu Peng , Fan Lijun , Meng Fangang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe policy of Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) could reduce population’s thyroid volume (TVOL) in iodine deficiency areas. Conversely, the improved growth and developmental status of children might increase the TVOL accordingly. Whether the decreased TVOL by USI conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and TVOL. Five national Iodine Deficiency Disorder surveys were matched into four pairs according to the purpose of analysis. County-level data of both detected by paired surveys were incorporated; 1:1 random pairing method was used to match counties or individuals. The difference of TVOL between different height, weight, different iodine supplementation measures groups and the association between TVOL and them were studied. The mean height and weight of children aged 8–10 years increased from 129·9 cm and 26·9 kg in 2002 to 136·2 cm and 32·1 kg in 2019, while the median TVOL decreased from 3·10 ml to 2·61 ml. Iodine supplementation measures can affect TVOL; after excluding iodine effects, the median TVOL was increased with the height and weight. On the other side, after excluding the influence of height and weight, the median TVOL remained decreased. Only age, weight and salt iodine were significantly associated with TVOL in multiple linear models. Development of height and weight in children is the evidence of improved nutrition. The decreased TVOL caused by iodised salt measures conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL. Age, weight and salt iodine affect TVOL significantly.
The reliability prediction of torpedo electronic components in service life
Authors: Liang Qingwei , Zhang Xin , Hu Qixun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor torpedo electronic components tested by functional verification, there are characteristics of a few samples and few failures. During service life, it is difficult to analyse and predict the changes in reliability. At present, management's observation of quality is mainly base on failure data, and it is difficult to make predictions about the moments without failure in service life. In this paper, according to the failure data, we consider such factors as performance degradation and detection and use the model of instantaneous failure rate to evaluate the reliability of the detection moments periodically, and predict the reliability of stages through the results of detection moments. The method proposed in this paper, on the one hand, considers the service experience, and on the other combines the detection data, to make the final evaluation result more credible. In addition, this paper predicts the changing trend of reliability between adjacent detection moments, which can provide a useful reference for quality management work.
Daily Cannabis Use is Associated With Lower CNS Inflammation in People With HIV
Authors: Watson C. Wei-Ming , Campbell Laura M. , Sun-Suslow Ni , Hong Suzi , Umlauf Anya , Ellis Ronald J. , Iudicello Jennifer E. , Letendre Scott , Marcotte Thomas D. , Heaton Robert K. , Morgan Erin E. , Grant Igor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Recent cannabis exposure has been associated with lower rates of neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV (PWH). Cannabis’s anti-inflammatory properties may underlie this relationship by reducing chronic neuroinflammation in PWH. This study examined relations between cannabis use and inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and cognitive correlates of these biomarkers within a community-based sample of PWH.Methods:263 individuals were categorized into four groups: HIV− non-cannabis users (n= 65), HIV+ non-cannabis users (n= 105), HIV+ moderate cannabis users (n= 62), and HIV+ daily cannabis users (n= 31). Differences in pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL10, sCD14, sTNFR-II, TNF-α) by study group were determined by Kruskal–Wallis tests. Multivariable linear regressions examined relationships between biomarkers and seven cognitive domains, adjusting for age, sex/gender, race, education, and current CD4 count.Results:HIV+ daily cannabis users showed lower MCP-1 and IP-10 levels in CSF compared to HIV+ non-cannabis users (p= .015;p= .039) and were similar to HIV− non-cannabis users. Plasma biomarkers showed no differences by cannabis use. Among PWH, lower CSF MCP-1 and lower CSF IP-10 were associated with better learning performance (allps < .05).Conclusions:Current daily cannabis use was associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines implicated in HIV pathogenesis and these chemokines were linked to the cognitive domain of learning which is commonly impaired in PWH. Cannabinoid-related reductions of MCP-1 and IP-10, if confirmed, suggest a role for medicinal cannabis in the mitigation of persistent inflammation and cognitive impacts of HIV.
Residual Effects of Cannabis Use on Effort-Based Decision-Making
Authors: Taylor Mackenzie B. , Filbey Francesca M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration in humans (Lawn etal., 2016) and rats (Silveira, Adams, Morena, Hill, & Winstanley, 2016) has been associated with decreased effort allocation that may explain amotivation during acute cannabis intoxication. To date, however, whether residual effects of cannabis use on effort-based decision-making are present and observable in humans have not yet been determined. The goal of this study was to test whether prolonged cannabis use has residual effects on effort-based decision-making in 24-hr abstinent cannabis using adults.Method:We evaluated performance on the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT) in 41 adult cannabis users (mean age = 24.63 years, 21 males) and 45 nonusers (mean age = 23.90 years, 19 males). A mixed 2x3x3 ANOVA with age as a covariate was performed to examine the effect of group, probability of winning, and reward amount on EEfRT performance. EEfRT performance was operationalized as % of trials for which the hard (vs. easy) condition was chosen. Pearson’s correlations were conducted to test the relationship between EEfRT performance and measures of cannabis use, anhedonia and motivation.Results:We found that cannabis users selected hard trials significantly more than nonusers regardless of win probability or reward level. Frequency of cannabis use was positively correlated with amount of % hard trials chosen. There were no significant correlations between % hard trials chosen, self-reported anhedonia, or motivation.Conclusions:These results suggest that unlike acute effects, residual effects of cannabis following 24 hrs of abstinence are associated with greater effort allocation during effort-based decision-making.
Cannabis Use, Age of Initiation, and Neurocognitive Performance: Findings from a Large Sample of Heavy Drinking Emerging Adults
Authors: Parlar Melissa , MacKillop Emily , Petker Tashia , Murphy James , MacKillop James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning, including self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in a large sample of emerging adults (ages 21–25) using a cross-sectional design. A secondary objective was to examine age of cannabis initiation as a moderator.Methods:Participants were high-risk drinking emerging adults (n = 598) reporting past-month cannabis use in the following categories: 1) non-users (i.e., never or not in the past month; n = 276), 2) occasional users (i.e., monthly or weekly users; n = 201), and 3) daily users (n = 121). Categorical comparisons were conducted on working memory, attention, behavioral inhibition, delay and probability discounting, verbal intelligence, and ADHD symptoms. Complementary dimensional analyses examined cannabis severity in relation to neurocognition using regressions. Covariates were age, race, sex, income, years of education, tobacco use, and alcohol use.Results:Frequency of cannabis use was significantly associated with poorer working memory performance, more impulsive delay discounting, and greater endorsement of ADHD symptoms, but not other domains. Effect sizes were small and poorer performance was selectively present among daily, not occasional, cannabis users. Earlier age of initiation was not independently or interactively associated with neurocognitive performance.Conclusions:Daily cannabis use was selectively adversely associated with aspects of memory, impulsivity, and subjective attentional functioning, but most cognitive indicators were not implicated, and evidence of amplification by earlier age of initiation was not observed. Ascertaining causal versus consequential roles of cannabis in neurocognitive functioning is an important priority.
Operating Room (Re)Scheduling with Bed Management via ASP
Authors: DODARO CARMINE , GALATÀ GIUSEPPE , KAMRAN KHAN MUHAMMAD , MARATEA MARCO , PORRO IVAN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Operating Room Scheduling (ORS) problem is the task of assigning patients to operating rooms (ORs), taking into account different specialties, lengths, and priority scores of each planned surgery, OR session durations, and the availability of beds for the entire length of stay (LOS) both in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and in the wards. A proper solution to the ORS problem is of primary importance for the healthcare service quality and the satisfaction of patients in hospital environments. In this paper we first present a solution to the problem based on Answer Set Programming (ASP). The solution is tested on benchmarks with realistic sizes and parameters, on three scenarios for the target length on 5-day scheduling, common in small–medium-sized hospitals, and results show that ASP is a suitable solving methodology for the ORS problem in such setting. Then, we also performed a scalability analysis on the schedule length up to 15 days, which still shows the suitability of our solution also on longer plan horizons. Moreover, we also present an ASP solution for the rescheduling problem, that is, when the offline schedule cannot be completed for some reason. Finally, we introduce a web framework for managing ORS problems via ASP that allows a user to insert the main parameters of the problem, solve a specific instance, and show results graphically in real time.
Spectral Characterization and Spatiotemporal Variability of the Background Seismic Noise in Italy
Authors: D’ Alessandro Antonino , Greco Luca , Scudero Salvatore , Lauciani Valentino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we assess the spectral characteristics of seismic noise at the sites of the Italian Seismic Network and its spatio‐temporal variability. The evaluation of noise is crucial for the assessment of the detection capability of a seismic network. We selected a set of 233 stations, those equipped with broadband velocimeters (with corner period 40 s) and operating continuously for at least four consecutive years. The analysis was carried out in the frequency band from 0.025 to 30 Hz, in accordance with the seismic sensors bandwidth. We estimated the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the seismic noise for fixed temporal windows and then we calculated the Probability Density Functions (PDF) at each station. Exploiting the large data set available, we have been able to: (a) describe the characteristics of the noise power at each site; (b) investigate both temporal and spatial variations of the background noise, revealing correlations of the noise levels with natural and anthropogenic noise sources; (c) propose an empirical relationship linking the “microseismic” noise (i.e., 0.12–1.2 Hz) with the geographical features of the site hosting the seismic station; (d) establish the baselines of a new seismic noise model that could be considered as a new reference for the Italian territory.
Statistical Uncertainty in Paleoclimate Proxy Reconstructions
Authors: McClelland H. L. O. , Halevy I. , Wolf‐Gladrow D. A. , Evans D. , Bradley A. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA quantitative analysis of any environment older than the instrumental record relies on proxies. Uncertainties associated with proxy reconstructions are often underestimated, which can lead to artificial conflict between different proxies, and between data and models. In this paper, using ordinary least squares linear regression as a common example, we describe a simple, robust and generalizable method for quantifying uncertainty in proxy reconstructions. We highlight the primary controls on the magnitude of uncertainty, and compare this simple estimate to equivalent estimates from Bayesian, nonparametric and fiducial statistical frameworks. We discuss when it may be possible to reduce uncertainties, and conclude that the unexplained variance in the calibration must always feature in the uncertainty in the reconstruction. This directs future research toward explaining as much of the variance in the calibration data as possible. We also advocate for a “data‐forward” approach, that clearly decouples the presentation of proxy data from plausible environmental inferences.
Dissociation‐Induced Deformation of Hydrate‐Bearing Silty Sand During Depressurization Under Constant Effective Stress
Authors: Zhou Jiazuo , Zhou Yuan , Yang Zhoujie , Wei Changfu , Wei Houzhen , Yan Rongtao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrate dissociation‐induced deformation plays a crucial role in reservoir stability during the exploitation of natural gas hydrates. During the depressurization‐induced dissociation of pore hydrate, both hydrate saturation loss and effective stress rise tend to enhance the deformation. Previous studies have not been able to distinguish between deformations caused by these two factors. In this study, triaxial tests were conducted on carbon dioxide hydrate‐bearing sediments with constant effective stress but continuously decreasing gas pressure. Another stepwise depressurization test was conducted as a supplement to monitor the variation of hydrate saturation. The results show that the partial dissociation of hydrate along with the change of pressure‐temperature state cause deformation within the hydrate‐stability field. Effective confining pressure compresses the dissociating sediment under isotropic stress but restrains compression under constant deviatoric stress. Deviatoric stress enhances the deformation during axial loading, creep and depressurization‐induced dissociation.