bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear organization of catecholaminergic neurons in the brains of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee
Authors: Williams Victoria M. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Swiegers Jordan , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hård Therese , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, we describe the nuclear parcellation of the catecholaminergic system in the brains of a lar gibbon (Hylobates lar) and a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The parcellation of catecholaminergic nuclei in the brains of both apes is virtually identical to that observed in humans and shows very strong similarities to that observed in mammals more generally, particularly other primates. Specific variations of this system in the apes studied include an unusual high‐density cluster of A10dc neurons, an enlarged retrorubral nucleus (A8), and an expanded distribution of the neurons forming the dorsolateral division of the locus coeruleus (A4). The additional A10dc neurons may improve dopaminergic modulation of the extended amygdala, the enlarged A8 nucleus may be related to the increased use of communicative facial expressions in the hominoids compared to other primates, while the expansion of the A4 nucleus appears to be related to accelerated evolution of the cerebellum in the hominoids compared to other primates. In addition, we report the presence of a compact division of the locus coeruleus proper (A6c), as seen in other primates, that is not present in other mammals apart from megachiropteran bats. The presence of this nucleus in primates and megachiropteran bats may reflect homology or homoplasy, depending on the evolutionary scenario adopted. The fact that the complement of homologous catecholaminergic nuclei is mostly consistent across mammals, including primates, is advantageous for the selection of model animals for the study of specific dysfunctions of the catecholaminergic system in humans.
Digital simulation tools in aviation maintainability training
Authors: Bernard Fabien , Bonnardel Xavier , Paquin Raphael , Petit Martial , Marandel Killian , Bordin Nicolas , Bonnardel Françoise 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAviation maintenance needs to be continuously improved for many reasons: flight safety, the health of maintenance operators, and saving time and costs among other reasons. To preventively improve the working conditions, the Maintainability Department—the department designing the maintenance activity in the Technical Design Office—develops and uses simulation tools such as Virtual‐Reality (VR). To improve maintenance, maintainability stakeholders must perform Human Factors analysis through simulation tools. However, the use of VR requires specific knowledge and skills that should be learned by students in the university. The aim of this paper is to study the use of VR as a Teaching & Training tool as well as an Industrial tool in real on‐the‐job cases. Over 2 years (between 2018 and 2020), we have trained and observed 112 students. Two main surveys have been used, the first one at the beginning of the academic year (to better know students' previous experience in VR) and the second survey at the end of the year (to get students' feedback regarding their training year with VR). We have formulated and presented recommendations to apply better inductive‐deductive teaching approaches offering more cases studies and a better understanding of aviation maintenance by students. We have also made recommendations to improve the use of VR, for example, to reduce the discrepancies and inaccuracies between the virtual and real worlds.
Modulation of Transaminase Activity by Encapsulation in Temperature‐Sensitive Poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) Hydrogels
Authors: Kappauf Katrin , Majstorovic Nikola , Agarwal Seema , Rother Dörte , Claaßen Christiane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmart hydrogels hold much potential for biocatalysis, not only for the immobilization of enzymes, but also for the control of enzyme activity. We investigated upper critical solution temperature‐type poly N‐acryloyl glycinamide (pNAGA) hydrogels as a smart matrix for the amine transaminase from Bacillus megaterium (BmTA). Physical entrapment of BmTA in pNAGA hydrogels results in high immobilization efficiency (>89 %) and high activity (97 %). The temperature‐sensitiveness of pNAGA is preserved upon immobilization of BmTA and shows a gradual deswelling upon temperature reduction. While enzyme activity is mainly controlled by temperature, deactivation tended to be higher for immobilized BmTA (≈62–68 %) than for free BmTA (≈44 %), suggesting a deactivating effect due to deswelling of the pNAGA gel. Although the deactivation in response to hydrogel deswelling is not yet suitable for controlling enzyme activity sufficiently, it is nevertheless a good starting point for further optimization.
The Preparation of a Water‐Soluble Phospholate‐Based Macrocycle for Constructing Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems
Authors: Jiao Jianmin , Sun Guangping , Zhang Jikun , Lin Chen , Jiang Juli , Wang Leyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn the basis of cyclotrixylohydroquinoylene (CTX), a novel water‐soluble phospholate‐based CTX derivative (WPCTX) was prepared with facile synthetic procedure and satisfying yield. Several model guest molecules were selected to investigate WPCTX′s host‐guest properties. Based on the study of the host and model guest complexation, a tetraphenylethylene derivative from model guest was employed as a guest molecule (G) to form WPCTX⊃G nanoparticles (NPs) with WPCTX through further supramolecular self‐assembly in water. Moreover, a hydrophobic fluorescent dye, Eosin Y(ESY) or Nile red (NiR), was encapsulated in WPCTX⊃G NPs to construct two types of artificial light‐harvesting systems. Their high antenna effect demonstrated such NPs successfully mimicked light‐harvesting systems in nature.
NMR Crystallography Enhanced by Quantum Chemical Calculations and Liquid State NMR Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Se‐NHC Adducts**
Authors: Mames Adam , Pietrzak Mariusz , Bernatowicz Piotr , Kubas Adam , Luboradzki Roman , Ratajczyk Tomasz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) are widely utilized in catalysis and material science. They are characterized by their steric and electronic properties. Steric properties are usually quantified on the basis of their static structure, which can be determined by X‐ray diffraction. The electronic properties are estimated in the liquid state; for example, via the 77Se liquid state NMR of Se‐NHC adducts. We demonstrate that 77Se NMR crystallography can contribute to the characterization of the structural and electronic properties of NHC in solid and liquid states. Selected Se‐NHC adducts are investigated via 77Se solid state NMR and X‐ray crystallography, supported by quantum chemical calculations. This investigation reveals a correlation between the molecular structure of adducts and NMR parameters, including not only isotropic chemical shifts but also the other chemical shift tensor components. Afterwards, the liquid state 77Se NMR data is presented and interpreted in terms of the quantum chemistry modelling. The discrepancy between the structural and electronic properties, and in particular the π‐accepting abilities of adducts in the solid and liquid states is discussed. Finally, the 13C isotropic chemical shift from the liquid state NMR and the 13C tensor components are also discussed, and compared with their 77Se counterparts. 77Se NMR crystallography can deliver valuable information about NHC ligands, and together with liquid state 77Se NMR can provide an in‐depth outlook on the properties of NHC ligands.
Adjuvant tamoxifen adherence in men with early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Oke Oluchi , Niu Jiangong , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundMost breast cancers (BCs) in men are hormone receptor–positive. Adjuvant tamoxifen is part of the standard treatment of these patients. Small, single‐institution studies have suggested that men have high rates of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine treatment. The authors examined rates of tamoxifen discontinuation and medication adherence in a large population‐based cohort of male patients with BC.MethodsIn the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database, male patients with invasive nonmetastatic BC, diagnosed between 2007 and 2013, who were ≥65 years old, had Part D coverage, and had tamoxifen prescriptions within 1 year of diagnosis were identified. Adherence was defined as a medication possession ratio of ≥80% among those patients who were filling tamoxifen prescriptions. Logistic regression model was used to assess predictors of tamoxifen adherence.ResultsA total of 451 patients met eligibility criteria. The median age at diagnosis was 75 years. The median follow‐up was 32.5 months. The rates of tamoxifen discontinuation were 15.8%, 24.3%, 31.3%, 36.9%, and 48.3% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after diagnosis, respectively. Among the men who were still taking tamoxifen, the corresponding adherence rates were 76.9%, 73.6%, 68.7%, 64.8%, and 60.2%. In the adjusted model, significant predictors of lower adherence included residing in a high poverty area (odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28‐2.12) and a Charlson comorbidity score of ≥2 (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.97).ConclusionOlder men with breast cancer have high rates of tamoxifen discontinuation, with 48% of all patients discontinuing tamoxifen before the end of year 5. Additionally, even among those patients continuing tamoxifen, a substantial number of patients are nonadherent. Further research should evaluate potentially modifiable reasons for treatment discontinuation and lack of adherence to tamoxifen.
Synthesis of FeVO4 Nanoparticles and Sensing Performance for Ethanol Gas under Different Solution pH
Authors: Che Yanhan , Feng Guoqing , Guo Weijun , Xiao Jingkun , Song Chengwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFeVO4 nanoparticles are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The effect of micromorphology under different pH conditions is investigated. Their microstructure, morphology, and chemical composition are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption. The results showed that an increase in pH leads to agglomeration of the material. The effect of different pH conditions on the gas‐sensitive performance of FeVO4 is subsequently investigated, and the best response performance of the FeVO4 sensor is achieved at a pH of 3. The consequences showed that the FeVO4 sensor has a response of 3.383 to 100 ppm ethanol gas, with the response and recovery time of 1 and 7 s. The response cycle test has proved that FeVO4 has good stability. Analyzed in conjunction with the characterization results, the oxygen vacancies on the surface of the nanoparticles not only improve the electronic conductivity but also provide active sites for the adsorption of gases, which helps to improve the sensitivity of the material to gases.
Mediators of the improvement in heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial
Authors: Fitchett David , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Zinman Bernard , Wanner Christoph , Schumacher Martin , Schmoor Claudia , Ohneberg Kristin , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Salsali Afshin , George Jyothis T. , Hantel Stefan , Bluhmki Erich , Lachin John M. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsIn the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin reduced risk of death from heart failure (HF) or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular (CV) disease. We evaluated post hoc the degree to which covariates mediated the effects of empagliflozin on HHF or HF death.Methods and resultsA mediator had to fulfil the following criteria: (i) affected by active treatment, (ii) associated with the outcome, and finally (iii) adjustment for it results in a reduced treatment effect compared with unadjusted analysis. Potential mediators were calculated as change from baseline or updated mean and evaluated in univariable analyses as time‐dependent covariates in Cox regression of time to HHF or HF death; those with the largest mediating effects were then included in a multivariable analysis. Increases in heart rate, log urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), waist circumference, and uric acid were associated with increased risk of HHF or HF death; increases in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, haematocrit, haemoglobin, and albumin were associated with reduced risk of HHF or HF death. In univariable analyses, change from baseline in haematocrit, haemoglobin, albumin, uric acid, and logUACR mediated 51%, 54%, 23%, 24%, and 27% of the risk reduction with empagliflozin versus placebo, respectively. Multivariable analysis including haemoglobin, logUACR, and uric acid mediated 85% of risk reduction with similar results when updated means were evaluated.ConclusionsChanges in haematocrit and haemoglobin were the most important mediators of the reduction in HHF and death from HF in patients with T2DM and established CV disease treated with empagliflozin. Albumin, uric acid, and logUACR had smaller mediating effects in this population.
An authorized equality test on identity‐based cryptosystem for mobile social networking applications
Authors: Hassan Abdelrhman , Elhabob Rashad , Eltayieb Nabeil , Wang Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe widespread adoption of social network applications and smart mobile devices has yielded a massive amount of data transmitted through the networks. Fortunately, social network service providers offer a wide range of storage capacity and data management functionality. Accordingly, the data can be uploaded to the social servers for processing and then accessible elsewhere. Nevertheless, considering the untrusted nature of the social servers, it becomes crucial to protect the data before uploading it to the server. Unfortunately, encryption incurs another severe problem in providing search functionality on encrypted data stored on the server. In addition, most of the existing solutions are inefficient to deploy on mobile devices due to the limited resources and computing capabilities. To address this issue, we propose an authorized equality test on identity‐based cryptosystem (AET‐IBC) scheme in this article. The scheme allows the server to test if two different ciphertexts encapsulate the same message. Besides, it supports different authorization methods to enhance the privacy. Furthermore, based on the random oracle model, we prove the security of the proposed scheme to be equivalent to the modified bilinear Diffie‐Hellman intractable assumption. Finally, the efficiency analysis shows that the AET‐IBC scheme is practicable and convenient for mobile social networking applications.
Upregulation of abeM, amvA, and qacEΔ1 efflux pump genes associated with resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains to disinfectants
Authors: Rostami Tahereh , Ranjbar Mojtaba , Ghourchian Sedighe , Darzi Fatemeh , Douraghi Masoumeh , Nateghi‐Rostami Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsAcinetobacter baumannii is among the most concerning cause of nosocomial infections due to its high level of antibiotic resistance and high mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the role of efflux pumps in resistance of A. baumannii strains to three disinfectants, including MICROZED ID‐MAX, NANOSIL D2, and OPIDEX OPA.MethodsTwenty‐eight environmental and clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from selected hospitals of central Iran. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the disinfectants were determined and real time reverse transcriptase‐PCR was performed to investigate the expression level of qacEΔ1, amvA, abeM, and adeB efflux pump genes.ResultsConsidering both clinical and environmental isolates, there was a significant difference in the mean expression level of qacEΔ1 gene between susceptible and resistant strains to MICROZED ID‐MAX disinfectant, of amvA and abeM genes between susceptible and resistant strains to NANOSIL D2 disinfectant and of abeM gene in susceptible and resistant strains to OPIDEX OPA disinfectant (all P ˂ .05). The expression levels of abeM and amvA genes were higher in the environmental isolates that were resistant to NANOSIL D2 disinfectant compared to those that were susceptible (P ˂ .05).ConclusionsThis study provided evidence for the role of abeM and amvA genes in the resistance of environmental isolates to disinfectants, particularly hydrogen peroxide derivatives.
The proliferation and migration of atherosclerosis‐related HVSMCs were inhibited by downregulation of lncRNA XIST via regulation of the miR‐761/BMP9 axis
Authors: Mo Long , Jiang Heng‐Bo , Tian Gui‐Ru , Lu Gui‐Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be caused by the proliferation and migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs). Here, we found that lncRNA XIST was related to the abnormal proliferation and migration of HVSMCs, and thus, the mechanism by which XIST regulated HVSMCs was further investigated. HVSMCs were treated with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL, 100 μg/ml) as AS models. CCK8 assays, flow cytometry, Transwell assays and wound healing assays were applied to evaluate cell viability, cell cycle analysis, and cell migration, respectively. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the binding relationships between XIST and miR‐761, miR‐761, and BMP9. Ox‐LDL induced the proliferation and migration of HVSMCs, upregulated the expression of XIST, downregulated miR‐761 expression, and activated the BMP9/ALK1/endoglin pathway. Luciferase assays revealed that XIST sponged miR‐761. XIST knockdown ameliorated ox‐LDL‐mediated effects in HVSMCs, which were largely abolished by miR‐761 silencing. BMP9 was targeted‐inhibited by miR‐761. MiR‐761 overexpression alleviated ox‐LDL‐mediated effects in HVSMCs. However, BMP9 overexpression abolished miR‐761‐mediated effects in HVSMCs treated with ox‐LDL. Our findings suggested that XIST knockdown suppressed the proliferation and migration of HVSMCs by promoting miR‐761, which targeted‐inhibited the BMP9/ALK1/endoglin pathway.
Psychosocial Assessment Rather Than Severity of Liver Failure Dominates Selection for Liver Transplantation in Patients With Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease
Authors: Daniel Kimberly E. , Matthews Lindsay A. , Deiss‐Yehiely Nimrod , Myers Jaime , Garvey Maureen , Rice John P. , Eickhoff Jens , Lucey Michael R. 
Published: October 2021

The Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant (SIPAT) is a validated interview tool to assess psychosocial well‐being in candidates for solid organ transplants, with higher scores indicating greater vulnerability. We hypothesized that patients with alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) undergoing liver transplantation (LT) evaluation would have higher SIPAT scores than candidates with non‐ALD, but that only patients with ALD who have low scores would be selected. We analyzed retrospectively consecutive adults undergoing LT evaluation from June 2018 to December 2019. Comparisons between patients with ALD and patients with non‐ALD were made using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test plus a multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors for approval. In the study cohort of 358 patients, there were 199 (56%) patients with ALD with a mean age of 55 years, and 133 (67%) were men. There were 159 (44%) patients with non‐ALD with a mean age of 57 years, and 95 (60%) were men. Mean Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–sodium scores were similar for selected versus not selected patients with ALD (25 versus 25.6) and selected versus not selected patients with non‐ALD (18.3 versus 17.4), although the ALD group had substantially higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores. Patients with ALD had higher mean SIPAT composite and individual domain scores compared with their non‐ALD counterparts. SIPAT scores were not affected by age or sex. Proportionately more candidates with non‐ALD were selected compared to candidates with ALD (68% versus 42%; P < 0.001; odds ratio for approval of non‐ALD versus ALD, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.8‐4.7; P < 0.001). Composite SIPAT scores were lower in the selected versus nonselected in both ALD and non‐ALD groups, although the SIPAT scores were significantly higher in selected patients with ALD (median, 39) than selected patients with non‐ALD (median, 23; P = 0.001). Psychosocial assessment has a greater influence than acuity of liver failure on the selection of patients with ALD for LT listing, whereas psychosocial assessment has a minor influence on the selection of non‐ALD candidates.
Talanoa Dialogue at UN Climate Change Meetings: The Extraordinary Encompassment of a Scale‐Climbing Pacific Speech Genre
Authors: Kirsch Stuart 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIntroduced to the UN by the Prime Minister of Fiji, the Pacific speech genre of talanoa has become a key frame for international discussion of climate change policy. Traditionally associated with kava‐drinking ceremonies, talanoa includes practices that temporarily mitigate differences in hierarchy and rank, which help to facilitate the formation of consensus, a process sometimes referred to as ‘The Pacific Way’. This capacity has also motivated its application to a wide range of social interactions and speech events, scaling up from local contexts and national debates to international arenas. This includes talanoa's contribution to the facilitation of the Paris Climate Agreement by promoting cooperation and the exchange of ideas. The Talanoa Dialogue differs from other speech genres at the UN, including the process of reconciliation through which resolutions and declarations are formulated. Fiji used its leadership role at international climate change meetings to counter representations of Pacific Islanders as passive victims of climate change, including the threat from rising sea levels. The introduction of talanoa to these meetings can be understood as an ideological project of encompassment in which a regional speech genre became an international framework for addressing one of the most consequential challenges of our times, global climate change.
Label‐Free Identification of Single Mononucleotides by Nanoscale Electrophoresis
Authors: Choi Junseo , Jia Zheng , Riahipour Ramin , McKinney Collin J. , Amarasekara Charuni A. , Weerakoon‐Ratnayake Kumuditha M. , Soper Steven A. , Park Sunggook 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanoscale electrophoresis allows for unique separations of single molecules, such as DNA/RNA nucleobases, and thus has the potential to be used as single molecular sensors for exonuclease sequencing. For this to be envisioned, label‐free detection of the nucleotides to determine their electrophoretic mobility (i.e., time‐of‐flight, TOF) for highly accurate identification must be realized. Here, for the first time a novel nanosensor is shown that allows discriminating four 2‐deoxyribonucleoside 5'‐monophosphates, dNMPs, molecules in a label‐free manner by nanoscale electrophoresis. This is made possible by positioning two sub‐10 nm in‐plane pores at both ends of a nanochannel column used for nanoscale electrophoresis and measuring the longitudinal transient current during translocation of the molecules. The dual nanopore TOF sensor with 0.5, 1, and 5 µm long nanochannel column lengths discriminates different dNMPs with a mean accuracy of 55, 66, and 94%, respectively. This nanosensor format can broadly be applicable to label‐free detection and discrimination of other single molecules, vesicles, and particles by changing the dimensions of the nanochannel column and in‐plane nanopores and integrating different pre‐ and postprocessing units to the nanosensor. This is simple to accomplish because the nanosensor is contained within a fluidic network made in plastic via replication.