bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogenetics ofEuploca(Boraginaceae): homoplasy in many characters, including the C4 photosynthetic pathway
Authors: Frohlich Michael W , Sage Rowan F , Craven Lyn A , Schuster Sebastian , Gigot Guillaume , Hilger Hartmut H , Akhani Hossein , Mahdavi Parastoo , Luebert Federico , Weigend Maximilian , Thulin Mats , Doyle Jeff J , Doyle Jane L , Vogan Patrick , Forrest Alan , Fulcher Timothy K , Devey Dion S , Chase Mark W 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a phylogenetic analysis using plastid (matK, rbcL) and nuclear (nrITS) DNA for diverse Euploca spp. (formerly Heliotropium section Orthostachys) from the worldwide distribution of a genus and including species encompassing the wide physiological and morphological diversity of the genus. Our results indicate that some remarkably complex features arose multiple times in parallel in Euploca, including attributes of its subsections under section Orthostachys, notably plants that, above ground, consist almost entirely of inflorescences. To elucidate in greater detail the distribution of C4 species in Euploca and Heliotropium s.s., we made &gt; 800 δ 13C determinations, including some from the traditional genus Tournefortia. We greatly increase the number of proven C4 species in Euploca, but found none outside Euploca. Of the tested Euploca spp., c. 28% are C3 or intermediate in carbon fixation pathway. Our phylogenetic results indicate four parallel/convergent acquisitions of C4 photosynthesis or fewer origins with subsequent loss in some species.
A molecular phylogenetic study of African members of tribe Hypolytreae (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)
Authors: Mesterházy Attila , Kim Changkyun , Cabezas Francesco , Verloove Filip , Larridon Isabel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMapanoioideae are one of two subfamilies of Cyperaceae and consist of 186 species. Molecular phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Cyperoideae have recently been studied well, whereas evolutionary relationships in Mapanioideae remain little known. Subfamily Mapanioideae include two tribes. This study focuses on Hypolytreae, which is represented by three genera in Africa (Hypolytrum, Mapania and Principina). In this paper, we present the first molecular phylogenetic study of African Hypolytreae using a Sanger sequencing approach. We aim to (1) test whether Hypolytrum, Mapania and Principina are reciprocally monophyletic; (2) investigate whether the morphologically based sections in Hypolytrum and Mapania represent monophyletic taxa; (3) resolve species delimitation where multiple accessions could be sequenced and (4) explore the relationships of species occurring in West Tropical Africa vs. Central Africa. Our phylogenetic analyses strongly support Mapania and Hypolytrum as separate genera, but Principina is nested in Hypolytrum. This result is consistent with morphological differences. Mapania spp. are obligate rainforest species, but our results show that species from West Tropical Africa and species from Central Africa do not form separate clades. Dispersal between these regions may have happened during interglacial periods when the rainforest was continuous.
Unravelling the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus
Authors: Schricker Severin , Kimmel Martin 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTFor decades, itch related to chronic kidney disease (CKDaP) has been a clinical problem, but the aetiology and pathophysiology of CKDaP are still not yet fully understood—currently the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are thought to be multifactorial. As new therapeutic targets have recently been identified and clinical trials have shown promising results, our current understanding of the interrelationships has expanded significantly. Here we review the pathophysiology and recent findings on modulation and sensitization of itch contributing to the development of CKDaP, covering hypothesis regarding immune system dysfunction, metabolic changes, uremic toxin deposition, peripheral neuropathy and imbalances in the endogenous opioid system.
Severe mitral regurgitation from Libman–Sacks endocarditis treated with MitraClip: a case report
Authors: Ningyan Wong , Jappar Ignasius Aditya , See Hooi Ewe , Khung Keong Yeo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) valvulopathy can manifest as a spectrum of pathologies and treatment of severe valvular dysfunction thus far has been surgical. However, surgery in patients with SLE is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the presence of significant co-morbidities.

Case summary
We report the case of a 41-year-old woman with SLE and anti-phospholipid syndrome with extensive co-morbidities including lupus nephritis, pancytopaenia, cerebrovascular accident, and severe airway obstruction from ipsilateral lung collapse and bronchiectasis. She had severe mitral regurgitation (MR) from Libman–Sacks endocarditis and in recent months developed heart failure with progressive exertional dyspnoea from New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional Class from New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to III. In addition, there was progressive left ventricular dilatation and reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction. In view of the high surgical risk, she underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of the mitral valve with the MitraClip system. At 1-month follow-up, she was back to NYHA functional Class II with mild MR.

Discussion
Our case demonstrates that in select patient with suitable anatomy, TEER is a potential treatment option for severe MR from SLE valvulopathy.
The ISCHEMIA trial: optimal medical therapy against PTCA in the stable patient: the endless story
Authors: Santucci Andrea , Cavallini Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In patients with acute coronary syndrome, an aggressive approach with coronary angiography and revascularization leads to important benefits compared to medical therapy alone. On the contrary, the prognostic impact of coronary revascularization in patients suffering from stable coronary artery disease has long been the subject of debate. The pivotal study in this area is COURAGE, published in 2007, in which coronary revascularization showed no benefit about the combined endpoint of death from all causes and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), compared to medical therapy. The ISCHEMIA study, published in 2020, compared selective coronary angiography and revascularization vs. a non-invasive approach. By protocol, the patients were initially evaluated with coronary computed axial tomography angiography: in case of coronary stenosis &gt;50%, they were then randomized to the two strategies. While in the invasive arm patients were revascularized, in the non-invasive arm revascularization was used only in case of patient destabilization. As in COURAGE, the results of ISCHEMIA did not demonstrate superiority of revascularization over medical therapy alone for a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, AMI, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or cardiac arrest. Based on recent evidence from ISCHEMIA, it is therefore confirmed that coronary revascularization in stable patients does not seem to improve the prognosis compared to medical therapy alone.
Surprises in cardiology: efficacy of gliflozines in heart failure even in the absence of diabetes
Authors: Bragagni Alessio , Piani Federica , Borghi Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It is now well-established that the therapy of type II diabetes mellitus has undergone a radical change in the past 15 years: countless innovative drugs, such as SGLT2I, able to guarantee an optimization of glycaemic control without causing hypoglycaemia, today represent real therapeutic cornerstones not only for the intrinsic ability of these molecules to ensure better glycaemic control but also for the effects they exert on the cardiovascular system. Several pioneering clinical trials, such as EMPA-REG, CANVAS, and DECLARE-TIMI-58, have demonstrated clear benefits of empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin, respectively, in reducing cardiovascular risk and diabetes-associated macrovascular complications in the diabetic population. The promising results that emerged from these trials represent the spark that triggered a series of studies aimed at evaluating the efficacy of gliflozines in the treatment of patients with heart failure even in the absence of diabetes. Preliminary results confirm the efficacy of SGLT2I in the treatment of this population, representing a real therapeutic revolution.
Moderate gradient severe aortic stenosis: diagnosis, prognosis and therapy
Authors: Rizzello Vittoria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is defined as severe in the presence of: mean gradient ≥40 mmHg, peak aortic velocity ≥4 m/s, and aortic valve area (AVA) ≤1 cm2 (or an indexed AVA ≤0.6 cm2/m2). However, up to 40% of patients have a discrepancy between gradient and AVA, i.e. AVA ≤1 cm2 (indicating severe AS) and a moderate gradient: &gt;20 and &lt;40 mmHg (typical of moderate stenosis). This condition is called ‘low-gradient AS’ and includes very heterogeneous clinical entities, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. The diagnostic tools needed to discriminate the different low-gradient AS phenotypes include colour-Doppler echocardiography, dobutamine stress echocardiography, computed tomography scan for the definition of the calcium score, and recently magnetic resonance imaging. The prognostic impact of low-gradient AS is heterogeneous. Classical low-flow low-gradient AS [reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)] has the worst prognosis, followed by paradoxical low-flow low-gradient AS (preserved LVEF). Conversely, normal-flow low-gradient AS is associated with a better prognosis. The indications of the guidelines recommend surgical or percutaneous treatment, depending on the risk and comorbidities of the individual patient, both for patients with classic low-flow low-gradient AS and for those with paradoxical low-flow low-gradient AS.
Long-term outcome of targeted therapy of underlying conditions in patients with early persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure: data of the RACE 3 trial
Authors: Nguyen Bao Oanh , Crijns Harry J G M , Tijssen Jan G P , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Hobbelt Anne H , Hemels Martin E W , Mol W J Myke , Weijs Bob , Alings Marco , Smit Marcelle D , Tieleman Robert G , Tukkie Raymond , Van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Rienstra Michiel ,   for the RACE 3 Investigators, Van Gelder I C , Alings M , Tieleman R G , Aksoy I , Linssen G C M , Bosker H A , Verdel G J E , Cramer E , Crijns H J G M , Tuininga Y S , Van Der Galiën A , Hagens V , De Ruiter G S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The Routine vs. Aggressive risk factor driven upstream rhythm Control for prevention of Early persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) (RACE 3) trial demonstrated that targeted therapy of underlying conditions improved sinus rhythm maintenance at 1 year. We now explored the effects of targeted therapy on the additional co-primary endpoints; sinus rhythm maintenance and cardiovascular outcome at 5 years.

Methods and results
Patients with early persistent AF and mild-to-moderate stable HF were randomized to targeted or conventional therapy. Both groups received rhythm control therapy according to guidelines. The targeted group additionally received four therapies: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and cardiac rehabilitation. The presence of sinus rhythm and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality at 5-year follow-up were assessed. Two hundred and sixteen patients consented for long-term follow-up, 107 were randomized to targeted and 109 to conventional therapy. At 5 years, MRAs [76 (74%) vs. 10 (9%) patients, P &lt; 0.001] and statins [81 (79%) vs. 59 (55%), P &lt; 0.001] were used more in the targeted than conventional group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ARBs and physical activity were not different between groups. Sinus rhythm was present in 49 (46%) targeted vs. 43 (39%) conventional group patients at 5 years (odds ratio 1.297, lower limit of 95% confidence interval 0.756, P = 0.346). Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity occurred in 20 (19%) in the targeted and 15 (14%) conventional group patients, P = 0.353.

Conclusion
In patients with early persistent AF and HF superiority of targeted therapy in sinus rhythm maintenance could not be preserved at 5-year follow-up. Cardiovascular outcome was not different between groups.

Trial registration number
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00877643.
Introduction: the Franco-Prussian War in French and German History
Authors: Varley Karine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This virtual special issue brings together a selection of articles from French History and German History to mark the 150th anniversary of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. The articles centre upon some of the key themes that have driven historical research in recent years, including violence, the conduct of war, national and border identities, republicanism, liberalism and state-building. Moving beyond traditional military studies and the focus on the war itself, the articles reflect a growing scholarly interest in the wider political, social and cultural repercussions of the Franco-Prussian War.
A Drosophila RNAi screen reveals conserved glioblastoma-related adhesion genes that regulate collective cell migration
Authors: Kotian Nirupama , Troike Katie M , Curran Kristen N , Lathia Justin D , McDonald Jocelyn A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Migrating cell collectives are key to embryonic development but also contribute to invasion and metastasis of a variety of cancers. Cell collectives can invade deep into tissues, leading to tumor progression and resistance to therapies. Collective cell invasion is also observed in the lethal brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM), which infiltrates the surrounding brain parenchyma leading to tumor growth and poor patient outcomes. Drosophila border cells, which migrate as a small cell cluster in the developing ovary, are a well-studied and genetically accessible model used to identify general mechanisms that control collective cell migration within native tissue environments. Most cell collectives remain cohesive through a variety of cell–cell adhesion proteins during their migration through tissues and organs. In this study, we first identified cell adhesion, cell matrix, cell junction, and associated regulatory genes that are expressed in human brain tumors. We performed RNAi knockdown of the Drosophila orthologs in border cells to evaluate if migration and/or cohesion of the cluster was impaired. From this screen, we identified eight adhesion-related genes that disrupted border cell collective migration upon RNAi knockdown. Bioinformatics analyses further demonstrated that subsets of the orthologous genes were elevated in the margin and invasive edge of human GBM patient tumors. These data together show that conserved cell adhesion and adhesion regulatory proteins with potential roles in tumor invasion also modulate collective cell migration. This dual screening approach for adhesion genes linked to GBM and border cell migration thus may reveal conserved mechanisms that drive collective tumor cell invasion.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccine When Coadministered With a Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
Authors: Peterson James T , Zareba Agnieszka M , Fitz-Patrick David , Essink Brandon J , Scott Daniel A , Swanson Kena A , Chelani Dhawal , Radley David , Cooper David , Jansen Kathrin U , Dormitzer Philip R , Gruber William C , Gurtman Alejandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in infants is an unmet vaccine need, and maternal immunization is a potential strategy to address this need. This study evaluated concomitant administration of RSV stabilized prefusion F subunit vaccine (RSVpreF) and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed (Tdap) in healthy, nonpregnant women 18‒49 years of age.MethodsIn this phase 2b, multicenter, placebo-controlled, observer-blind, noninferiority study, participants were randomized to receive RSVpreF in a range of doses and formulations with Tdap or alone, or Tdap alone. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed.ResultsLocal reactions and systemic events were generally similar across vaccine groups. Noninferiority of anti-RSV-A and anti-RSV-B immune responses induced by RSVpreF with Tdap was demonstrated compared to RSVpreF alone. Noninferiority of anti-diphtheria toxoid and anti-tetanus toxoid immune responses after administration of RSVpreF with Tdap was demonstrated compared to Tdap alone; noninferiority was not met for anti-pertussis component responses.ConclusionsRSVpreF was safe and well tolerated when administered with Tdap or alone in nonpregnant women 18‒49 years of age. Immune responses induced by Tdap administered with RSVpreF were noninferior for the tetanus and diphtheria components of Tdap, but not for pertussis.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT04071158.
Digestibility and nitrogen and water balance in horses fed rhizoma peanut hay
Authors: Vasco Ana Caroline C M , Brinkley-Bissinger Katy J , Bobel Jillian M , Dubeux José C B , Warren Lori K , Wickens Carissa L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) hay has the potential to meet horses’ crude protein requirements with less nitrogen excretion than other legumes. This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, and nitrogen balance of RP ‘Florigraze’ hay compared to alfalfa (ALF, Medicago sativa L. ‘Legendary XHD’) and bermudagrass (BG, Cynodon dactylon L. ‘Coastal’) hays when fed to maintenance horses at 2% BW/d on a dry matter (DM) basis. We hypothesized that nutrient intake would be comparable between the legume hays and lesser for BG, and that RP would result in reduced nitrogen excretion compared to alfalfa. Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (593 ± 40 kg; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to one of the hays in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square with 21-d periods. A 14-d adaptation phase was followed by a 3-d total fecal and urine collection. Days 18 to 21 were used for a companion study. Intake of nutrients is reported on a DM basis. Digestible energy (DE) intakes from ALF (29.91 Mcal/d) and RP (29.37 Mcal/d) were greater (P &lt; 0.0001) than BG (20.78 Mcal/d). Crude protein (CP) intake was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for ALF (2.5 kg/d), followed by RP (1.9 kg/d), and BG (1.5 kg/d). All hays exceeded maintenance requirements for DE, CP, Ca, and P. Apparent digestibility of DM and CP were greatest (P &lt; 0.0001) for ALF (69 and 84%), intermediate for RP (61 and 72%), and least for BG (46 and 64%). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber did not differ (P = 0.2228) among hays, while digestibility of acid detergent fiber (P = 0.0054) was least for RP but similar for ALF and BG. Water intake (kg/d) for ALF (57) was greater (P=0.0068) than RP (45) and BG (41). Greater (P = 0.0271) water retention (kg/d) was observed for ALF (13.5), followed by RP (10.8) and BG (7.5). There was a difference in nitrogen excretion, with greatest urinary nitrogen excretion for ALF (P &lt; 0.0001) and greatest fecal nitrogen excretion for BG (P = 0.0001). Total nitrogen excretion was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for ALF (278 g/d), followed by RP (211 g/d), and BG (179 g/d). Nitrogen retention was greater (P = 0.0005) for ALF when represented as g/d (ALF: 129, RP: 86, and BG: 57 g/d), but similar (P = 0.0377) to RP when presented as percent of nitrogen intake (ALF: 32, RP: 29, and BG: 24%). Results indicate that rhizoma peanut hay is a suitable legume for horses by meeting DE and CP requirements and having a significant reduction in nitrogen compared to alfalfa.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in the U.S. Military: A Sexual Health Paradigm to Address Risk Behaviors, Unintended Pregnancy, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Trauma
Authors: Boyer Cherrie B , Gaydos Charlotte A , Geller Amy B , Garges Eric C , Vermund Sten H 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
To address the ongoing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) conducted a consensus study on STI control and prevention in the United States to provide recommendations to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Association of County and City Health Officials. The culminating report identified military personnel as one of the priority groups that require special consideration given the high prevalence of STIs and their associated behaviors (e.g., concurrent sexual partners and infrequent condom use) that occur during active duty service. Universal health care access, the relative ease and frequency of STI screening, and the educational opportunities within the military are all assets in STI control and prevention. The report offers a comprehensive framework on multiple and interrelated influences on STI risk, prevention, health care access, delivery, and treatment. It also provides an overview of the multilevel risk and protective factors associated with STIs that could be applied using a sexual health paradigm. The military context must integrate the multilevel domains of influences to guide the effort to fill current gaps and research needs. The Department of Defense, with its large clinical and preventive medicine workforce and its well-established universal health care system, is well positioned to enact changes to shift its current approach to STI prevention, treatment, and control. STI control based on highlighting behavioral, social, cultural, and environmental influences on service members’ sexual health and wellness may well drive better STI care and prevention outcomes.
TIC 257060897b: An inflated, low-density, hot-Jupiter transiting a rapidly evolving subgiant star
Authors: Montalto M , Malavolta L , Gregorio J , Mantovan G , Desidera S , Piotto G , Nascimbeni V , Granata V , Manthopoulou E E , Claudi R 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a new transiting exoplanet orbiting the star TIC 257060897 and detected using TESS full frame images. We acquired HARPS-N time-series spectroscopic data, and ground-based photometric follow-up observations from which we confirm the planetary nature of the transiting body. For the host star we determined: Teff = (6128 ± 57) K, log g = (4.2 ± 0.1), and [Fe/H] = (+ 0.20 ± 0.04). The host is an intermediate age (∼3.5 Gyr), metal-rich, subgiant star with M⋆ = (1.32 ± 0.04) M⊙ and R⋆ = (1.82 ± 0.05) R⊙. The transiting body is a giant planet with a mass mp =(0.67 ± 0.03) Mj, a radius rp = (1.49 ± 0.04) Rj yielding a density ρp = (0.25 ± 0.02) g cm−3 and revolving around its star every ∼3.66 d. TIC 257060897b is an extreme system having one of the smallest densities known so far. We argued that the inflation of the planet’s radius may be related to the fast increase of luminosity of its host star as it evolves outside the main sequence and that systems like TIC 257060897b could be precursors of inflated radius short period planets found around low luminosity red giant branch stars, as recently debated in the literature.