bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic Reconstitution of Tumor Microenvironment for Nanomedical Applications
Authors: Oh Hyun Jeong , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Hyunho , Choi Nakwon , Chung Seok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanoparticles have an extensive range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. However, their current clinical translation is slow, mainly due to the failure to develop preclinical evaluation techniques that can draw similar conclusions to clinical outcomes by adequately mimicking nanoparticle behavior in complicated tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Microfluidic methods offer significant advantages over conventional in vitro methods to resolve these challenges by recapitulating physiological cues of the TME such as the extracellular matrix, shear stress, interstitial flow, soluble factors, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. The methods are capable of de‐coupling microenvironmental features, spatiotemporal controlling of experimental sequences, and high throughput readouts in situ. This progress report highlights the recent achievements of microfluidic models to reconstitute the physiological microenvironment, especially for nanomedical tools for cancer treatment.
Electronic States Modulation by Coherent Optical Phonons in 2D Halide Perovskites
Authors: Fu Jianhui , Li Mingjie , Solanki Ankur , Xu Qiang , Lekina Yulia , Ramesh Sankaran , Shen Ze Xiang , Sum Tze Chien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExcitonic effects underpin the fascinating optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites that are highly favorable for photovoltaics and light‐emitting devices. Analogous to switching in transistors, manipulating these excitonic properties in 2D perovskites using coherent phonons could unlock new applications. Presently, a detailed understanding of this underlying mechanism remains modest. Herein, the origins of the carrier‐phonon coupling in 2D perovskites using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy are explicated. The exciton fine structure is modulated by coherent optical phonons dominated by the vibrational motion of the PbI6 octahedra via deformation potential. Originating from impulsive stimulated Raman scattering, these coherent vibrations manifest as oscillations in the TA spectrum comprising of the generation and detection processes of coherent phonons. This two‐step process leads to a unique pump‐ and probe‐energy dependence of the phonon modulation determined by the imaginary part of the refractive index and its derivative, respectively. The phonon frequency and lattice displacement of the inorganic octahedra are highly dependent on the organic cation. This study injects fresh insights into the exciton–phonon coupling of 2D perovskites relevant for emergent optoelectronics development.
Ultralow‐Threshold Continuous‐Wave Room‐Temperature Crystal‐Fiber/Nanoperovskite Hybrid Lasers for All‐Optical Photonic Integration
Authors: Nguyen Duc Huy , Sun Jia‐Yuan , Lo Chia‐Yao , Liu Jia‐Ming , Tsai Wan‐Shao , Li Ming‐Hung , Yang Sin‐Jhang , Lin Cheng‐Chia , Tzeng Shien‐Der , Ma Yuan‐Ron , Lin Ming‐Yi , Lai Chien‐Chih 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContinuous‐wave (CW) room‐temperature (RT) laser operation with low energy consumption is an ultimate goal for electrically driven lasers. A monolithically integrated perovskite laser in a chip‐level fiber scheme is ideal. However, because of the well‐recognized air and thermal instabilities of perovskites, laser action in a perovskite has mostly been limited to either pulsed or cryogenic‐temperature operations. Most CW laser operations at RT have had poor durability. Here, crystal fibers that have robust and high‐heat‐load nature are shown to be the key to enabling the first demonstration of ultralow‐threshold CW RT laser action in a compact, monolithic, and inexpensive crystal fiber/nanoperovskite hybrid architecture that is directly pumped with a 405 nm diode laser. Purcell‐enhanced light–matter coupling between the atomically smooth fiber microcavity and the perovskite nanocrystallites gain medium enables a high Q (≈1500) and a high β (0.31). This 762 nm laser outperforms previously reported structures with a record‐low threshold of 132 nW and an optical‐to‐optical slope conversion efficiency of 2.93%, and it delivers a stable output for CW and RT operation. These results represent a significant advancement toward monolithic all‐optical integration.
Lifetime of Liquid Metal Wires for Stretchable Devices
Authors: Dorsey Kristen L. , Lazarus Nathan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs stretchable devices become well established for applications in soft robotics and wearable devices, the compliant conductors that make these applications possible must also be reliable and survive for the entire device lifetime. Liquid metals such as Galinstan are a potential solution as non‐toxic, stretchable, and low‐resistance conductors. Rigorous investigations of liquid metal lifetimes, however, are limited. This work presents the median lifetime of liquid metal‐filled silicone tubes under current density on the order of 1 kAcm−2, which is necessary for applications such as electromagnetic actuators. In these conductors, the median lifetime increases by a factor of over 4700 as current decreases from 2 to 1 kAcm−2. By cooling the sample, median failure time increases from 112 s to 9.4 h, which suggests straightforward solutions to maximize liquid metal wire lifetime by increasing thermal conductivity or by duty cycling the applied current.
Comparative Evaluation of Different MOF and Non‐MOF Porous Materials for SO2 Adsorption and Separation Showing the Importance of Small Pore Diameters for Low‐Pressure Uptake
Authors: Brandt Philipp , Nuhnen Alexander , Öztürk Seçil , Kurt Gülin , Liang Jun , Janiak Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe search for adsorbents for flue gas desulfurization processes is a current interest. For the first time, a comparative experimental study of SO2 adsorption by porous materials including the prototypical metal–organic frameworks NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr), Basolite F300 (Fe‐1,3,5‐BTC), HKUST‐1 (Cu‐BTC), the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)‐8, ZIF‐67, the alumosilicate Zeolite Y, the silicoaluminumphosphate (SAPO)‐34, Silica gel 60, the covalent triazine framework (CTF)‐1, and the active carbon Ketjenblack is carried out. Microporous materials with pore sizes in the range of 4–8 Å or with nitrogen heterocycles are found to be optimal for SO2 uptake in the low‐pressure range. The SO2 uptake capacity at 1 bar correlates with the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller‐surface area and pore volume rather independently of the surface microstructure. Zeolite Y and SAPO‐34 are stable toward humid SO2. The materials Zeolite Y and CTF‐1(600) show the most promising SO2/CO2 selectivity results with an ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity in the range of 265–149 and 63–43 with a mole fraction of 0.01–0.5 SO2, respectively, at 293 K and 1 bar.
Exploration of the Structure–Property Relationship of Polymer‐Based Composites by Monte‐Carlo‐Coupled Viscoelastic Lattice Spring Model
Authors: Cui Zhiwei , Huang Yongmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA viscoelastic lattice spring model is applied to real polymer blend containing strong interaction, i.e., chemical bond, to investigate the structure–property correlation in combination of Monte Carlo method modified by cavity diffusion and bond length fluctuation algorithms. Impacts of inclusion ratio, chemical bonds, chain length, and interface orientation on the mechanical response along with fracture mode are quantified through simulation of uniaxial tensile test. It is confirmed that introduction of strong interaction and prolongation in chain length induces observable reinforcement in global modulus and ultimate tensile strength, respectively, and the amplification is more significant when the interface is parallel to external load.
Understanding the Intra‐Molecular Proton Transfer of Octahydrotriborate and Exploring the Dehydrogenation Pathways of NH4B3H8 by DFT Calculations
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe intra‐molecular proton transfer of octahydrotriborate, [B3H8]−, is discovered by density functional theory (DFT) computational studies; such a transfer can largely impact its dehydrogenation pathways. The DFT calculation results further disclose the generation of another triborane intermediate product, B3H9, which is formed via inter‐molecular proton transfer from [NH4]+ to [B3H8]−. Additionally, this intermediate product is unstable and can release hydrogen easily, as the corresponding energy barrier via this pathway is only 12.0 kcal mol−1. Such a relative energy is much lower than that of the routinely raised pathway, which mainly depends on the dihydrogen interaction between the and . This new mechanism is able to explain several experimental observations involving the dehydrogenation of NH4B3H8. Moreover, the detailed dehydrogenations of NH4B3H8 in different states are also studied, and the role of chemical environment during dehydrogenation is demonstrated.
The Influence of Photo‐Induced Space Charge and Energetic Disorder on the Indoor and Outdoor Performance of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Beuel Sebastian , Hartnagel Paula , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApart from traditional large‐scale outdoor application, organic solar cells are also of interest for powering small, off‐grid electronic devices indoors. For operation under the low light intensities that are typical for indoor application, a high shunt resistance is required calling for thick active layers in industrial processing to ensure maximum coverage. However, the thickness of an organic solar cell based on energetically disordered semiconductors is limited by space‐charge effects from charged shallow defects under nonuniform generation. While other sources of space charge such as doping and asymmetric transport have been extensively discussed in previous studies, this work offers a theoretical analysis of this photo‐induced space charge in shallow defects and visualizes how the space charge builds up with increasing light intensity with drift‐diffusion simulations. It is shown that the effect particularly deteriorates the performance of an organic solar cell with high active‐layer thickness and substantial energetic disorder. However, the simulations reveal that solar cells are less sensitive to these parameters under low light intensities due to a reduced density of photo‐induced space charge. Therefore, a wider range of material systems and absorber thicknesses can be viable for indoor applications than one may initially expect from testing under 1 sun illumination.
Chiral Graphene Hybrid Materials: Structures, Properties, and Chiral Applications
Authors: Zhao Biao , Yang Shenghua , Deng Jianping , Pan Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChirality has become an important research subject. The research areas associated with chirality are under substantial development. Meanwhile, graphene is a rapidly growing star material and has hard‐wired into diverse disciplines. Rational combination of graphene and chirality undoubtedly creates unprecedented functional materials and may also lead to great findings. This hypothesis has been clearly justified by the sizable number of studies. Unfortunately, there has not been any previous review paper summarizing the scattered studies and advancements on this topic so far. This overview paper attempts to review the progress made in chiral materials developed from graphene and their derivatives, with the hope of providing a systemic knowledge about the construction of chiral graphenes and chiral applications thereof. Recently emerging directions, existing challenges, and future perspectives are also presented. It is hoped this paper will arouse more interest and promote further faster progress in these significant research areas.
Recent Progress in the Semiconducting Oxide Overlayer for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Woo Mun Young , Choi Kwang , Lee Jun Hyeok , Park So Yeon , Noh Jun Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHalide perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) contain charge transport layers (CTLs) both above and below the photoactive perovskite layer. These semiconducting CTLs are just as important as the perovskite layer to fully realizing the potential of perovskite materials. In particular, semiconducting oxide overlayer materials (SOOMs) are expected to lower costs and provide better long‐term stability compared to the organic semiconducting materials commonly used for the upper layer. However, SOOM‐based HPSCs are currently less efficient than conventional devices owing to SOOM's deposition constraints imposed by the underlying perovskite layer. This progress report focuses on the recent evolution of SOOM‐based HPSCs by describing the key issues and recent advances in SOOM deposition methods. Finally, remaining challenges and future research directions for SOOMs are discussed to provide guidance toward the commercialization of HPSCs.
Our research progress in heteroaggregation and homoaggregation of organic π‐conjugated systems
Authors: Deng Xin , Yu Xiaohui , Xiao Jinchong , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConstruction of crystalline homo/heteroaggregation at micro/nanometer level from organic π‐conjugated systems is of great importance because the controllable morphologies (i.e., size, shape, and dimension) could provide diverse optoelectronic properties for different applications in the electrooptical devices. In this review, we summarize our recent progress in the self‐assembly of micro/nanostructures of organic π‐conjugated molecules via the heteroaggregation and homoaggregation strategies. We also discuss various factors (i.e., temperature, solvents, and surfactants) that affect the aggregation process through a surfactant‐assisted reprecipitation method. Moreover, their physical properties and possible applications in electronics and biofields are illustrated.
Genetic study ofyoung‐onsetdementia using targeted gene panel sequencing in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Jung‐Lung , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Chen Pei‐Lung , Lin Kun‐Ju , Chen Ta‐Fu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent genetic progress allows the molecular diagnosis of young‐onset dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We aimed to identify the mutational and clinical spectra of causal genes in a Taiwanese cohort of young‐onset dementia. Ninety‐one patients with young‐onset dementia and 22 age/gender‐matched controls were recruited. Genetic causes were identified by a targeted panel containing 90 causative genes for AD, FTD, and related neurodegenerative disorders. Plasma biomarkers, including total tau, Aβ42, and Aβ40, were assayed. Molecular amyloid and tau PET scans were performed in some patients carrying mutations. Nine of 52 patients (17.3%) with young‐onset AD had mutations: 2 (22.2%), 4 (44.5%), 2 (22.2%), and 1 (11.1%) inAPP,PSEN1,PSEN2, andTREM2, respectively. Two of 33 patients (6.1%) with young‐onset FTD had mutations inMAPTandLRRK2. Three of the 6 patients (50.0%) with possible FTD combined with other neurodegenerative disorders had individual mutations inAPP,PSEN2, orMAPT. Patients withPSEN1mutations had earlier onset of disease than those without mutations (p= .02). Plasma level of total tau was increased and Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels decreased in all groups of dementia patients compared to controls. Our findings provide a genetic spectrum of young‐onset dementia in our population.
Quantifying cortical bone in fragmentary archeological second metacarpals
Authors: Gilmour Rebecca J. , Brickley Megan B. , Hoogland Menno , Jurriaans Erik , Mays Simon , Prowse Tracy L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesSkeletal variation in cortical bone thickness is an indicator of bone quality and health in archeological populations. Second metacarpal radiogrammetry, which measures cortical thickness at the shaft midpoint, is traditionally used to evaluate bone loss in bioarcheological and some clinical contexts. However fragmentary elements are regularly omitted because the midpoint cannot be determined. This methodological limitation reduces sample sizes and biases them against individuals prone to fracture, such as older individuals with low bone mass. This study introduces a new technique for measuring cortical bone in second metacarpals, the “Region of Interest” (ROI) method, which quantifies bone in archeological remains with less‐than‐ideal preservation while accounting for cortical heterogeneity.Materials and methodsThe ROI method was adapted from digital X‐ray radiogrammetry (DXR), a clinical method used to estimate bone mineral density, and tested using second metacarpals from Middenbeemster, Netherlands, a 19th century known age and sex skeletal collection. The ROI method quantifies cortical bone area within a 1.9 cm‐long, mid‐diaphyseal region, standardized for body size differences using total area (CAIROI). CAIROI values were compared to traditional radiogrammetric cortical indices (CI) to assess the method's ability to identify age‐related bone loss.ResultsCAIROI values have high intra‐ and interobserver replicability and are strongly and significantly correlated with CI values for both males (r[n = 39] = 0.906, p = 0.000) and females (r[n = 58] = 0.925, p = 0.000).ConclusionThe ROI method complements traditional radiogrammetry analyses and provides a reliable way to quantify cortical bone in incomplete second metacarpals, thereby maximizing sample sizes, allowing patterns in bone acquisition and loss to be more comprehensively depicted in archeological assemblages.
The search for a convenient procedure to detect one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of the prediction of brain amyloid status
Authors: Ashford Miriam T. , Veitch Dallas P. , Neuhaus John , Nosheny Rachel L. , Tosun Duygu , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionConvenient, cost‐effective tests for amyloid beta (Aβ) are needed to identify those at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review evaluates recent models that predict dichotomous Aβ. (PROSPERO: CRD42020144734).MethodsWe searched Embase and identified 73 studies from 29,581 for review. We assessed study quality using established tools, extracted information, and reported results narratively.ResultsWe identified few high‐quality studies due to concerns about Aβ determination and analytical issues. The most promising convenient, inexpensive classifiers consist of age, apolipoprotein E genotype, cognitive measures, and/or plasma Aβ. Plasma Aβ may be sufficient if pre‐analytical variables are standardized and scalable assays developed. Some models lowered costs associated with clinical trial recruitment or clinical screening.DiscussionConclusions about models are difficult due to study heterogeneity and quality. Promising prediction models used demographic, cognitive/neuropsychological, imaging, and plasma Aβ measures. Further studies using standardized Aβ determination, and improved model validation are required.
Partially Coherent Dual and Quad Airy‐Like Beams
Authors: Pan Keming , Xu Jia , Zhang Yao , Zhao Daomu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPartially coherent multi‐Airy‐like beams are investigated by introducing coordinate transformation parameters and combining them with the theory of multi‐beam superposition under symmetrical conditions, for the case of dual and quad as examples. The accurate propagation position of the mutual‐focusing point is obtained by analyzing the normalized spectral density (SD) curves at different planes. The outcomes show that both the optical frame and the interference pattern can be changed by means of adjusting the coordinate transformation parameters. For a special circumstance, the transverse SD overlapping profile is presented in a rotational four‐square grid. In addition, the coordinate transformation parameters periodically affect the distance between the two main lobes, which provides us a new idea with adjusting the width of the optical frame edges. Moreover, both the peak intensity of the SD and the divergence speed can be controlled by tuning the value of the equivalent beam width. These results may provide new inspiration for applications of partially coherent Airy‐like beams in optical propagation, capture, and communication.
Reactivity and Selectivity in Ruthenium Sulfur‐Chelated Diiodo Catalysts
Authors: Nechmad Noy B. , Kobernik Victoria , Tarannam Naziha , Phatake Ravindra , Eivgi Or , Kozuch Sebastian , Lemcoff N. Gabriel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA trifluoromethyl sulfur‐chelated ruthenium benzylidene, Ru‐S‐CF3‐I, was synthesized and characterized. This latent precatalyst provides a distinct activity and selectivity profiles for olefin metathesis reactions depending on the substrate. For example, 1,3‐divinyl‐hexahydropentalene derivatives were efficiently obtained by ring‐opening metathesis (ROM) of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). Ru‐S‐CF3‐I also presented a much more effective photoisomerization process from the inactive cis‐diiodo to the active trans‐diiodo configuration after exposure to 510 nm (green light), allowing for a wide scope of photoinduced olefin metathesis reactions. DFT calculations suggest a faster formation and enhanced stability of the active trans‐diiodo species of Ru‐S‐CF3‐I compared with Ru‐S‐Ph‐I, explaining its higher reactivity. In addition, the photochemical release of chloride anions by irradiation of Cl‐BODIPY in the presence of DCPD derivatives with diiodo Ru benzylidenes, led to in situ generation of chloride complexes, which quickly produced the corresponding cross‐linked polymers. Thus, novel selective pathways that use visible light to guide olefin metathesis based synthetic sequences is presented.
From Parkesine to Celluloid: The Birth of Organic Plastics
Authors: Rasmussen Seth C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe birth of modern organic plastics can be traced back to the mid‐1800s with various semi‐synthetic plastics derived from cellulose nitrate. Examples of such materials include Parkesine introduced by Alexander Parkes in 1860 and celluloid introduced by John Wesley Hyatt in 1870. The history and development of these early materials is presented, while also attempting to clarify the differences between the related materials collodion, Parkesine, and celluloid.
Functionalized Phosphonium Cations Enable Zinc Metal Reversibility in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Ma Lin , Pollard Travis P. , Zhang Yong , Schroeder Marshall A. , Ding Michael S. , Cresce Arthur V. , Sun Ruimin , Baker David R. , Helms Brett A. , Maginn Edward J. , Wang Chunsheng , Borodin Oleg , Xu Kang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc metal batteries promise attractive advantages including safety, high volumetric energy density, and low cost; however, such benefits cannot be unlocked unless Zn reversibility meets stringent commercial viability. Herein, we report remarkable improvements on Zn reversibility in aqueous electrolytes when phosphonium‐based cations are used to reshape interfacial structures and interphasial chemistries, particularly when their ligands contain an ether linkage. This novel aqueous electrolyte supports unprecedented Zn reversibility by showing dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping for over 6400 h at 0.5 mA cm−2, or over 280 h at 2.5 mA cm−2, with coulombic efficiency above 99 % even with 20 % Zn utilization per cycle. Excellent full cell performance is demonstrated with Na2V6O16⋅1.63 H2O cathode, which cycles for 2000 times at 300 mA g−1. The microscopic characterization and modeling identify the mechanism of unique interphase chemistry from phosphonium and its functionalities as the key factors responsible for dictating reversible Zn chemistry