bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide against Ictalurid Catfish Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Simora Rhoda Mae C. , Wang Wenwen , Coogan Michael , El Husseini Nour , Terhune Jeffery S. , Dunham Rex A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the major goals in aquaculture is to protect fish against infectious diseases as disease outbreaks could lead to economic losses if not controlled. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of highly conserved peptides known to possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens, were evaluated for their ability to protect Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) against infection caused by the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119. To identify effective peptides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacterial pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri S97-773, Edwardsiella piscicida E22-10, A. hydrophila ML09-119, Aeromonas veronii 03X03876, and Flavobacterium columnare GL-001 were determined in vitro. In general and overall, cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake exhibited more potent and rapid antimicrobial activities against the tested catfish pathogens as compared to cecropin and pleurocidin AMPs and ampicillin, the antibiotic control. When the peptides (2.5 µg of peptide/g of fish) were injected into fish and simultaneously challenged with A. hydrophila through immersion, increased survival rates in Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish were observed in both cathelicidin (alligator and sea snake) treatments as compared to other peptides and the infected control (P &lt; 0.001) with alligator cathelicidin being the overall best treatment. Bacterial numbers in the kidney and liver of Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish also decreased (P &lt; 0.05) for cathelicidin-injected groups at 24 and 48 h after challenge infection. These results show the potential of cathelicidin to protect catfish against bacterial infections and suggest that an approach overexpressing the peptide in transgenic fish, which is the long-term goal of this research program, may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems in catfish as delivering the peptides via individual injection or feeding would not be economically feasible.
Prevention and Control of Streptococcosis in Tilapia Culture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maulu Sahya , Hasimuna Oliver J. , Mphande Joseph , Munang’andu Hetron M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tilapia culture is a very promising industry within the aquaculture sector. However, disease outbreaks have continued to threaten the industry, causing serious economic losses among the producers. Streptococcosis has become the major bacterial disease affecting tilapia production in most regions of the world. To combat the disease and minimize its economic impact on fish producers, numerous preventive and control measures have been developed and reported over the years. This paper aims to systematically review the measures that could be used to manage the disease outbreaks and maintain fish health based on previously published scientific studies. Although numerous measures currently available have been highlighted, it is far better for the producers to maximize the preventive measures for management to be economically feasible. Among the currently available preventive measures, the use of vaccines has been shown to have the most promise, while the use of herbs has been demonstrated to be a more sustainable and economically affordable control measure. However, there are still a number of important gaps in existing literature that require further investigation. Overall, significant progress has been made in preventing and controlling streptococcosis in tilapia although, no single effective measure has been identified. Therefore, a combination of these measures may provide a more effective result.
Increase in the intensity of an optical signal with fluorescein during proton and carbon‐ion irradiation
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yabe Takuya , Akagi Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough the imaging of luminescence emitted in water during irradiation of protons and carbon ions is a useful method for range and dose estimations, the intensity of the images is relatively low due to the low photon production of the luminescence phenomenon. Therefore, a relatively long time is required for the imaging. Since a fluorescent dye, fluorescein, may increase the intensity of the optical signal, we measured the luminescence images of water with different concentrations of fluorescein during irradiation of protons and carbon ions and compared the results with those by measurements with water.MethodsA cooled charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera was used for imaging a water phantom with different concentrations of fluorescein from 0.0063 to 0.025 mg/cm3, in addition to a water phantom without fluorescein during irradiation of 150‐MeV protons and 241.5‐MeV/n carbon ions.ResultsFor both protons and carbon ions, the intensity of the luminescence images increased as the concentration of fluorescein increased. With a fluorescein concentration of 0.025 mg/cm3, the intensities increased to more than 10 times those of water for both protons and carbon ions. Although the shape of the depth profiles of luminescence images of water with fluorescein appeared similar to that of water for protons, those for carbon ions were different from those of water due to the increase in the Cherenkov light component at shallow depths by the decrease in the angular dependencies of the Cherenkov light.ConclusionWe confirmed the increase in intensity of the luminescence of water by adding fluorescein for particle ions. With a small amount of Cherenkov light contamination in the images, such as protons, the relative distributions of the luminescence images with fluorescein were similar to that of water and will be used for range or dose determination in a short time.
Prescribing Patterns of Hydroxychloroquine and Glucocorticoids Among Lupus Patients After New‐Onset End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Broder Anna , Mowrey Wenzhu B. , Valle Ana , Kim Mimi , Feldman Candace H. , Yoshida Kazuki , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveOptimal strategies for managing lupus medications after end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) have not been addressed. The objective was to identify the current US‐wide prescribing patterns of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and oral glucocorticoids (GS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with incident ESRD enrolled in the US Renal Data System (USRDS) registry.MethodsWe identified incident ESRD patients age ≥18 years with SLE as a primary cause of ESRD between January 2006 and June 2013. Patients who were started on dialysis at ESRD onset and enrolled in Medicare Part D within 93 days as required by Medicare were included.ResultsAmong the 2,654 new‐onset ESRD patients with Part D, the median duration of follow‐up was 761 days (interquartile range [IQR] 374–1,375). At baseline, 1,076 patients (41%) were not receiving HCQ or GS, 220 (8%) were prescribed HCQ alone, 509 (19%) were prescribed both HCQ and GS, and 849 (32%) were prescribed GS alone. Of the 1,983 patients who either never received or discontinued HCQ after ESRD onset, 667 (34%) continued GS to the end of the follow‐up period. The median GS dose was lower for patients taking HCQ (14 mg [IQR 9–21]) compared to patients who were never prescribed HCQ (15 mg [IQR 9–27]) or patients who discontinued HCQ after ESRD (17 mg [IQR 10–27]; P = 0.001).ConclusionApproximately one‐third of patients with lupus nephritis and new‐onset ESRD received GS monotherapy at high doses. As GS‐related complications contribute to hospitalizations and deaths in SLE ESRD, changing these prescribing practices may improve morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics
Authors: Yiming Burebi , Guo Xiao , Ali Nasir , Zhang Nan , Zhang Xinning , Han Zilong , Lu Yuchen , Wu Ziliang , Fan Xiulin , Jia Zheng , Qu Shaoxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStretchable ionic conductors such as hydrogels and ionic‐liquid‐based gels (aka ionogels) have garnered great attention as they enable the development of soft ionotronics. Notably, soft ionotronic devices inevitably operate in humid environments or under mechanical loads. However, many previously reported hydrogels and ionogels, however, are unstable in environments with varying humidity levels owing to hydrophilicity, and their liquid components (i.e., ionic liquid, water) may leak easily from polymer matrices under mechanical loads, causing deterioration of device performance. This work presents novel hydrophobic ionogels with strong ionic liquid retention capability. The ionogels are ambiently and mechanically stable, capable of not absorbing moisture in environments with high relative humidity and almost not losing liquid components during long periods of mechanical loading. Moreover, the ionogels exhibit desirable conductivity (10−4–10−5 S cm−1), large rupturing strain (>2000%), moderate fractocohesive length (0.51–1.03 mm), and wide working temperature range (−60 to 200 °C). An ionic skin is further designed by integrating the concept of sensory artificial skins and triboelectric nanogenerators, which can convert multiple stimuli into various types of signals, including resistance, capacitance, short‐circuit current, and open‐circuit voltage. This work may open new avenues for the development of soft ionotronics with stable performance.
Scalable Fabrication of Flexible Single‐Layer Strain and Double‐Layer Pressure Sensors by Inkjet Printing for Subtle Vibration Detection
Authors: Gai Chenhui , Li Dongtai , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhang Hao , Li Nan , Zheng Xiuting , Wu Daming , Sun Jingyao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFlexible sensors have attracted tremendous attentions in subtle force/vibration detection, human motion/health monitoring, and other related application fields. Although various sensors are developed to meet this growing demand, it is still a huge challenge to prepare satisfactory sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and superior stability. In this work, a double‐layer flexible sensor is successfully prepared via an efficient and designable inkjet printing approach. Metallic silver layers are deposited onto polyurethane acrylate substrates with or without microstructures to form the flexible electrodes. The combination of a flat electrode and a microstructured electrode finally becomes a durable double‐layer flexible sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity and superior stability. Besides, the flexible flat electrodes can also be applied as single‐layer sensors. An ultrahigh sensitivity (maximum gauge factor of >1100), favorable durability (>1000 cycles), and fast response time (≈90 ms) are achieved simultaneously in a flat single‐layer sensor, while the combined double‐layer sensor presents quick response capability to small pressures (≈250 Pa). Moreover, these single‐layer and double‐layer sensors can monitor a variety of physiological signals (e.g., human pulse waveform, breathing behavior, and voice recognition), indicating their promising applications in wearable electronics.
Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Junbo , Yang Min , Zhou Liwei , Yan Xiaohui , Ke Changchun , Zhang Junliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough tremendous efforts have been devoted into research and development of materials science and engineering, chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state physics in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) over the last 30 years, the critical technologies and applied science underneath manufacturing and processing seem very seldom reported, which is further manifested by the realization of the gap between academy and industry within recent years. In this paper, the intrinsic relationship of materials‐processing‐performance is highlighted by thoroughly reviewing the bridge effect of processing, transport, and transfer at different scales across electrode, heterogeneous thermodynamics, and kinetics during charge‐discharge cycles, the tradeoff between areal capacity and rate performance, and some practical novel electrode designs. Based on very limited open literature, the fundamental basics and sciences of the state of art production steps including slurry mixing, coating, drying, calendering, electrolyte filling, and formatting are comprehensively discussed. Through correlating with the materials design and development, the electrode compositions and structures, and the bridge effect of processing, the in‐depth understanding of the importance of individual steps and their interactions are provided to shed light on further improvement on materials and manufacturing for LIBs.
Transient Neurovascular Interface for Minimally Invasive Neural Recording and Stimulation
Authors: Fanelli Adele , Ferlauto Laura , Zollinger Elodie Geneviève , Brina Olivier , Reymond Philippe , Machi Paolo , Ghezzi Diego 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeural interfaces are used to mitigate the burden of traumatic injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental disorders. However, the transient or permanent placement of an interface in close contact with the neural tissue requires invasive surgery, potentially entailing both short‐ and long‐term complications. To tackle this problem, a transient neurovascular interface for neural recording and stimulation is developed. This endovascular array has been fabricated with facile molding techniques using solely polymeric materials. In vitro experiments have shown promising electrochemical performance for both recording and stimulation, together with a lack of cytotoxicity in cultured cells. The device is compatible with standard endovascular catheters and, once deployed, provide good apposition to a cylindrical structure mimicking a blood vessel. The advantage of this device is twofold. On the one hand, the exploitation of the cerebrovascular system as an access route to the neural tissue avoids invasive surgeries. On the other hand, a transient device may reduce the inflammatory reaction and avoid additional surgeries for removal or replacement. This neurovascular interface combines the benefits of both transient bioelectronics and stent technology in a single device to broaden the range of applications of neural interfaces from neurological diseases and mental disorders to bioelectronics medicine.
Ultra‐Narrowband Photodetector with High Responsivity Enabled by Integrating Monolayer J‐Aggregate Organic Crystal with Graphene
Authors: Sun Beilei , Zhou Guodong , Wang Yi , Xu Xin , Tao Li , Zhao Ni , Tsang Hon Ki , Wang Xinran , Chen Zefeng , Xu Jian‐Bin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNarrowband photodetection has great significance for full‐color imaging and machine vision. The most common way to realize narrowband detection is to combine a bandpass filter with a broadband photodetector. Herein, an ultra‐narrow bandwidth photodetector without bandpass filter based on the combination of a monolayer J‐aggregate organic crystal with graphene is demonstrated. The monolayer PTCDI‐C13 J‐aggregate organic crystal grown on h‐BN substrate, which exhibits an absorption bandwidth of 10 nm, works as a light‐absorption material for narrowband photodetection; and graphene provides a conducting channel for photo‐induced carriers from the monolayer J‐aggregate film. Thanks to the ultra‐narrowband absorption of the monolayer PTCDI‐C13 J‐aggregate organic crystal and the high mobility of graphene, an ultra‐narrow spectral response of ≈13 nm and high responsivity of 1000 A W‐1 can be achieved in photoconductor mode. This design concept is generic for other J‐aggregates with different absorption windows and provides a new method to fabricate highly responsive narrowband photodetector.
Near‐Infrared Active Metasurface for Dynamic Polarization Conversion
Authors: Wu Pin Chieh , Sokhoyan Ruzan , Shirmanesh Ghazaleh Kafaie , Cheng Wen‐Hui , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractControl of optical polarization is central to harnessing the properties of electromagnetic radiation for many applications, including 3D imaging and quantum computation. However, conventional optical polarizing components are typically bulky and static, that is, fixed in their degree of polarization control. Active metasurfaces have potential for versatile polarization control in a compact form factor by temporally modulating electromagnetic amplitudes and phase between orthogonal electric field components. Here, dynamic control of the polarization state of reflected light from an active metasurface is demonstrated. The metasurface uses indium tin oxide (ITO) as an active element in an array of aluminum nanoantennas operating in the telecom range. Applying an electrical bias between the ITO layer and the back reflector modulates the carrier concentration in ITO at the gate‐dielectric/ITO interface, resulting in complex refractive index modulation in the epsilon‐near‐zero condition. This index modulation alters the degree of excitation of plasmonic modes corresponding to the orthogonal polarization components, leading to polarization modulation. By suitably biasing the metasurface, linearly polarized incident light can be converted to cross‐polarized, circularly polarized or elliptically polarized light upon reflection. Dynamic control of the reflected polarization state has potentially wide applications in dynamic wave plates, spatial light modulators, and adaptive wavefront control.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Heat Generation by Plasmonic HfN Nanoparticles
Authors: O'Neill Devin B. , Frehan Sean K. , Zhu Kaijian , Zoethout Erwin , Mul Guido , Garnett Erik C. , Huijser Annemarie , Askes Sven H. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is great interest in the development of alternatives to noble metals for plasmonic nanostructures. Transition metal nitrides are promising due to their robust refractory properties. However, the photophysics of these nanostructures, particularly the hot carrier dynamics and photothermal response on ultrafast timescales, are not well understood. This limits their implementation in applications such as photothermal catalysis or solar thermophotovoltaics. In this study, the light‐induced relaxation processes in water‐dispersed HfN nanoparticles are, for the first time, elucidated by fs transient absorption, Lumerical FDTD and COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, and temperature‐dependent ellipsometry. It is unequivocally demonstrated that HfN nanoparticles convert absorbed photons into heat within <100 fs; no signature of hot charge carriers is observed. Interestingly, under high photon energy or intense irradiation stimulated Raman scattering characteristic of oxynitride surface termination is observed. These findings suggest that transition metal nitrides could offer benefits over noble metals in the field of plasmonic photothermal catalysis.
Self‐Driven Perovskite Dual‐Band Photodetectors Enabled by a Charge Separation Reversion Mechanism
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Xiuwen , Xiao Shuang , Li Yu , Qian Wei , Yu Jun , Zhang Kai , Yang Shihe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew mechanisms and modalities for multiband light detection are highly desirable for the ever‐growing developments in machine vision technologies. Demonstrated here is a unique talent of halide perovskites for making self‐driven dual‐band photodetectors with a negative broadband response in the above‐bandgap absorption region and a positive narrowband response in the sub‐bandgap absorption region. The device operates through a charge separation reversion mechanism by controlling the built‐in electric field and the thickness‐dependent light absorption profile in the active material. Impressively, the demarcation wavelengths between the negative broadband and the positive narrowband responses can be continuously adjusted, with the positive narrowband response easily tuned from 410 to 675 nm. The dual‐band photodetector exhibits an extremely low noise of 10−15 A Hz−1/2 and a high specific detectivity of >1012 Jones in both above‐bandgap and sub‐bandgap absorption regions, opening up application opportunities in intelligent recognition and biomedical diagnosis.
Synergistic Coupling of Nickel Boride with Ru Cluster as a Highly Active Multifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting and Glucose Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Huixiang , Zhang Ruiqi , Chen Lulu , Wang Lincai , Guo Yanhui , Yang Yanjing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of highly active electrocatalysts is of great importance toward the practical applications of many meaningful electrocatalytic reactions. In this paper, the synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of a multifunctional ruthenium nickel boride hybrid electrocatalyst are reported for the first time. Compared to pristine nickel boride (Ni‐B) and Ru electrocatalysts, Ru@Ni‐B with trace Ru loading amount of 0.133 mg cm−2 prepared by a simple wet chemical method, shows remarkably improved activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, the oxygen evolution reaction, and the glucose oxidation reaction. The electrolytic cell assembled with Ru@Ni‐B/nickel foam electrode as both cathode and anode can deliver 10 mA cm−2 at only 1.42 V for alkaline overall water splitting and 1.24 V for glucose electrolysis. It is further found that the synergistic coupling of ruthenium with nickel boride plays an important role in the superior performance of the hybrid electrocatalyst.
Catalytic Diastereo‐ and Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines from Diols through Borrowing Hydrogen
Authors: Pan Hui‐Jie , Lin Yamei , Gao Taotao , Lau Kai Kiat , Feng Wei , Yang Binmiao , Zhao Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present herein an unprecedented diastereoconvergent synthesis of vicinal diamines from diols through an economical, redox‐neutral process. Under cooperative ruthenium and Lewis acid catalysis, readily available anilines and 1,2‐diols (as a mixture of diastereomers) couple to forge two C−N bonds in an efficient and diastereoselective fashion. By identifying an effective chiral iridium/phosphoric acid co‐catalyzed procedure, the first enantioconvergent double amination of racemic 1,2‐diols has also been achieved, resulting in a practical access to highly valuable enantioenriched vicinal diamines.
Hydrogen‐Binding‐Initiated Activation of O−H Bonds on a Nitrogen‐Doped Surface for the Catalytic Oxidation of Biomass Hydroxyl Compounds
Authors: Liu Xin , Luo Yang , Ma Hong , Zhang Shujing , Che Penghua , Zhang Meiyun , Gao Jin , Xu Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogen binding of molecules on solid surfaces is an attractive interaction that can be used as the driving force for bond activation, material‐directed assembly, protein protection, etc. However, the lack of a quantitative characterization method for hydrogen bonds (HBs) on surfaces seriously limits its application. We measured the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0) of on‐surface HBs using NMR. The HB‐accepting ability of the surface was investigated by comparing ΔG0 values employing the model biomass platform 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural on a series of Co‐N‐C‐n catalysts with adjustable electron‐rich nitrogen‐doped contents. Decreasing ΔG0 improves the HB‐accepting ability of the nitrogen‐doped surface and promotes the selectively initiated activation of O−H bonds in the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. As a result, the reaction kinetics is accelerated. In addition to the excellent catalytic performance, the turnover frequency (TOF) for this oxidation is much higher than for reported non‐noble‐metal catalysts.