bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Primary Health Networks in cardiovascular disease prevention: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Cornell Samuel , Pickles Kristen , Crosland Paul , de Wet Carl , Trevena Lyndal , Bonner Carissa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the inception of PHNs in Australia, their role in implementing chronic disease prevention activities in general practice has been unclear. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the views of PHN staff on the role of PHNs in promoting prevention, with a focus on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.MethodsContent analysis of PHN Needs Assessments was conducted to inform interview questions. Twenty‐nine semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 32 PHN staff, between June and December 2020, in varied roles across 18 PHNs in all Australian states and territories. Transcribed audio recordings were thematically coded, using the Framework Analysis method to ensure rigour.ResultsWe identified three main themes: (a) Informal prevention: All respondents agreed the role of PHNs in prevention was indirect and, for the most part, outside the formal remit of PHN Key Performance Indicators (KPIs.) Prevention activities were conducted in partnership with external stakeholders, professional development and quality improvement programs, and PHN‐funded data extraction and analysis software for general practice. (b) Constrained by financial incentives: Most interviewees felt the role of PHNs in prevention was contingent on the financial drivers provided by the Commonwealth government, such as Medicare funding and national quality improvement programs. (c) Shaped through competing priorities: The role of PHNs in prevention is a function of competing priorities. There was strong agreement amongst participants that the myriad competing priorities from government and local needs assessments impeded prevention activities.ConclusionsPHNs are well‐positioned to foster prevention activities in general practice. However, we found that PHNs role in prevention activities was informal, constrained by financial incentives and shaped through competing priorities. Prevention can be improved through a more explicit prevention focus at the Commonwealth government level. To optimise the role of PHNs, therefore, requires prioritising prevention, aligning it with KPIs and supporting stakeholders like general practice.
Crisis and change: How COVID‐19 exacerbated institutional inequality and how institutions are responding
Authors: Marsicano Christopher R. , Barnshaw John , Letukas Lynn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the global Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic impacted United States higher education over the course of the first year from Spring 2020–Spring 2021. Utilizing a case study methodology, blending proprietary, closely held, public use, and archival data, we find that political and institutional factors shaped the decision to return to in‐person instruction or remain online in fall 2020, which in turn, influenced the enrollment and financial health of institutions in that semester and beyond. Although nearly every institution of higher education was impacted, we find that those most adversely impacted are 2‐year public and 4‐year private baccalaureate institutions. Despite considerable challenges resulting from COVID‐19, we highlight several practices of how systems and institutions are innovating and how this work can be replicated to positively impact higher education for years to come.
A deep matrix completion method for imputing missing histological data in breast cancer by integrating DCE‐MRI radiomics
Authors: Fan Ming , Zhang You , Fu Zhenyu , Xu Maosheng , Wang Shiwei , Xie Sangma , Gao Xin , Wang Yue , Li Lihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeClinical indicators of histological information are important for breast cancer treatment and operational decision making, but these histological data suffer from frequent missing values due to various experimental/clinical reasons. The limited amount of histological information from breast cancer samples impedes the accuracy of data imputation. The purpose of this study was to impute missing histological data, including Ki‐67 expression level, luminal A subtype, and histological grade, by integrating tumor radiomics.MethodsTo this end, a deep matrix completion (DMC) method was proposed for imputing missing histological data using nonmissing features composed of histological and tumor radiomics (termed radiohistological features). DMC finds a latent nonlinear association between radiohistological features across all samples and samples for all the features. Radiomic features of morphologic, statistical, and texture were extracted from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) inside the tumor. Experiments on missing histological data imputation were performed with a variable number of features and missing data rates. The performance of the DMC method was compared with those of the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and collaborative filtering (MCF)‐based data imputation methods. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of missing histological data imputation.ResultsBy integrating radiomics from DCE‐MRI, the DMC method showed significantly better performance in terms of AUC than that using only histological data. Additionally, DMC using 120 radiomic features showed an optimal prediction performance (AUC = 0.793), which was better than the NMF (AUC = 0.756) and MCF methods (AUC = 0.706; corrected p = 0.001). The DMC method consistently performed better than the NMF and MCF methods with a variable number of radiomic features and missing data rates.ConclusionsDMC improves imputation performance by integrating tumor histological and radiomics data. This study transforms latent imaging‐scale patterns for interactions with molecular‐scale histological information and is promising in the tumor characterization and management of patients.
Juvenile Silver Carp and Bighead Carp as Forage for Predatory Fish in the LaGrange Reach of the Illinois River
Authors: Anderson Cory A. , Anderson Rebekah L. , Wang Jun , Gillespie Neil , Lampo Eli G. , McClelland Nerissa N. , Solomon Levi E. , Pendleton Rich , Lamer James T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing numbers of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis (commonly called “bigheaded carp”) in the Illinois River have led to concerns about the impact that their invasion has on native food web dynamics. Bigheaded Carp recruited in large numbers in the LaGrange Reach of the Illinois River during the summer of 2014. This provided an opportunity to determine whether native piscivorous fish prey upon invasive carp when they are abundant. Using electrofishing and fyke nets in the LaGrange Reach (August 1–November 8, 2014), we sampled native predatory fish (n = 1,472) for stomach content analysis. Fish community data from the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program’s Long-Term Resource Monitoring was used to quantify prey abundance (fish &lt; 100 mm) in the study area and indicated that bigheaded carp represented 9% of available prey. Stomach content analysis revealed that the frequency of occurrence of juvenile bigheaded carp was greater than 15% in Shortnose Gar Lepisosteus platostomus, White Bass Morone chrysops, Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, White Crappie Pomoxis annularis, Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens, and Yellow Bass Morone mississippiensis. Predators sampled in August and September foraged more heavily on juvenile bigheaded carp than those sampled in October and November. Electivity analysis suggested that juvenile bigheaded carp were selected over native forage by White Bass, Black Crappie, and Shortnose Gar, as these predators continued consuming them even as availability declined. Our results imply that native piscivores in the Illinois River consume and sometimes prefer juvenile bigheaded carp as prey. These results suggest that native predators might play a role in regulating bigheaded carp recruitment and that negative impacts to predators in areas of dense carp populations might be somewhat mitigated by the consumption of juvenile bigheaded carp.
Unique vesicular nano‐architecture of thiobarbiturate derived chitosan with excellent hydrophilicity
Authors: Mandal Piyali , Mukherjee Madhumita , Patra Diptendu , Shunmugam Raja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe natural polymer chitosan is conjugated with hydrophilic thiobarbiturate entity which makes the whole molecule amphiphilic as well as water‐soluble. The water solubility of this molecule leads to an interesting supramolecular architecture via self‐assembly. The monomers are synthesized via Friedel Crafts alkylation and ring‐closing reaction where homopolymers derivatives undergo coupling and thiol‐ene click reaction. The monomer and the modified polymers are well characterized through conventional spectroscopic techniques. The self‐assembly behavior is then confirmed through critical aggregation concentration study and dynamic light scattering. The field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images provide the architectures' fascinating morphology. Finally, the loading and release of doxorubicin drug are performed to investigate the biomedical applications.
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: Still Growing and Improving
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Tang Baolin , Sun Zimin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has been performed in the clinic for over 30 years. The biological and immunological characteristics of umbilical cord blood (UCB) have been re-recognized in recent years. UCB, previously considered medical waste, is rich in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are naïve and more energetic and more easily expanded than other stem cells. UCB has been identified as a reliable source of HSCs for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). UCBT has several advantages over other methods, including no harm to mothers and donors, an off-the-shelf product for urgent use, less stringent HLA match, lower incidence and severity of chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), and probably a stronger graft-vs-leukemia effect, especially for minimal residual disease-positive patients before transplant. Recent studies have shown that the outcome of UCBT has been improved and is comparable to other types of allo-HSCT. Currently, UCBT is widely used in malignant, nonmalignant, hematological, congenital and metabolic diseases. The number of UCB banks and transplantation procedures increased exponentially before 2013. However, the number of UCBTs increased steadily in Asia and China but decreased in the United States and Europe year-on-year from 2013 to 2019. In this review, we focus on the development of UCBT over the past 30 years, the challenges it faces and the strategies for future improvement, including increasing UCB numbers, cord blood unit selection, conditioning regimens and GVHD prophylaxis for UCBT, and management of complications of UCBT.
Comparison of genomic selection models for exploring predictive ability of complex traits in breeding programs
Authors: Merrick Lance F. , Carter Arron H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraits with a complex unknown genetic architecture are common in breeding programs. However, they pose a challenge for selection due to a combination of complex environmental and pleiotropic effects that impede the ability to create mapping populations to characterize the trait's genetic basis. One such trait, seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from deep planting, presents a unique opportunity to explore the best method to use and implement genetic selection (GS) models to predict a complex trait. Seventeen GS models were compared using two training populations, consisting of 473 genotypes from a diverse association mapping panel phenotyped from 2015 to 2019 and the other training population consisting of 643 breeding lines phenotyped in 2015 and 2020 in Lind, WA, with 40,368 markers. There were only a few significant differences between GS models, with support vector machines reaching the highest accuracy of 0.56 in a single breeding line trial using cross‐validations. However, the consistent moderate accuracy of the parametric models indicates little advantage of using nonparametric models within individual years, but the nonparametric models show a slight increase in accuracy when combing years for complex traits. There was an increase in accuracy using cross‐validations from 0.40 to 0.41 using diversity panels lines to breeding lines. Overall, our study showed that breeders can accurately predict and implement GS for a complex trait by using nonparametric machine learning models within their own breeding programs with increased accuracy as they combine training populations over the years.
Schmerzen, Schmerzmitteleinnahme und mentale Gesundheit von Intensivpflegenden in Deutschland
Authors: Hönl Ann-Kathrin , Jantz Florian , Möckel Luis 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie
Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Schmerzprävalenz, das Ausmaß der Schmerzmitteleinnahme sowie die mentale Gesundheit bei Intensivpflegenden zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Bei dieser Studie handelte es sich um eine Befragung von Intensivpflegenden aus Deutschland. Neben selbstentwickelten Items wurde die Kurzversion der Depressions-Angst-Stress-Skala (DASS-21) abgefragt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 432 Intensivpflegende (82,87 % Frauen) in die Analyse eingeschlossen. 36,81 % (95 %-Konfidenzintervall [95 %-KI] 31,31 %; 42,99 %) der Teilnehmenden gaben an, unter wiederkehrenden Schmerzen zu leiden, und 18,52 % (95 %-KI 14,68 %; 23,05 %) gaben an, unter chronischen Schmerzen zu leiden. Signifikant mit chronischen Schmerzen assoziiert waren das Körpergewicht (adjustierte Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1,02 [95 %-KI 1,01; 1,03]; p = 0,006) und das Geschlecht (Männer AOR: 0,33 [95 %-KI 0,14; 0,78]; p = 0,012) sowie mit wiederkehrenden Schmerzen das Geschlecht (Männer AOR: 0,59 [95 %-KI 0,31; 1,00]; p = 0,049) und das Vorliegen von Schlafproblemen (AOR: 2,16 [95 %-KI 1,41; 3,31]; p ≤ 0,001). Schmerzmittel wurden von 52,61 % der Studienteilnehmenden mit chronischen/wiederkehrenden Schmerzen eingenommen (häufigster Wirkstoff: Ibuprofen [81,67 %]). Teilnehmende mit chronischen wie auch wiederkehrenden Schmerzen zeigten signifikant höhere Depressions‑, Angst- und Stresslevel im Vergleich zu denen ohne Schmerzen.

Schlussfolgerung
Diese Studie zeigt, dass ein großer Anteil der teilnehmenden Intensivpflegekräfte unter chronischen und wiederkehrenden Schmerzen leidet und diese mit verschiedenen Faktoren assoziiert sind.
Implementing a protocol to prevent incisional hernia in high-risk patients: a mesh is a powerful tool
Authors: Pereira-Rodríguez J. A. , Amador-Gil S. , Bravo-Salva A. , Montcusí-Ventura B. , Sancho-Insenser J. , Pera-Román M. , López-Cano M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The small bites (SB) technique for closure of elective midline laparotomies (EMLs) and a prophylactic mesh (PM) in high-risk patients are suggested by the guidelines to prevent incisional hernias (IHs) and fascial dehiscence (FD). Our aim was to implement a protocol combining both the techniques and to analyze its outcomes.

Methods
Prospective data of all EMLs were collected for 2 years. Results were analyzed at 1 month and during follow-up. The incidence of HI and FD was compared by groups (M = Mesh vs. S = suture) and by subgroups depending on using SB.

Results
A lower number of FD appeared in the M group (OR 0.0692; 95% CI 0.008–0.56; P = 0.01) in 197 operations. After a mean follow-up of 29.23 months (N = 163; min. 6 months), with a lower frequency of IH in M group (OR 0.769; 95% CI 0.65–0.91; P < 0.0001). (33) The observed differences persisted after a propensity matching score: FD (OR 0.355; 95% CI 0.255–0.494; P < 0.0001) and IH (OR 0.394; 95% CI 0.24–0.61; P < 0.0001). On comparing suturing techniques by subgroups, both mesh subgroups had better outcomes. PM was the main factor related to the reduction of IH (HR 11.794; 95% CI 4.29–32.39; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Following the protocol using PM and SB showed a lower rate of FD and HI. A PM is safe and effective for the prevention of both HI and FD after MLE, regardless of the closure technique used.
Instructors’ conceptualization and implementation of scaffolding in online higher education courses
Authors: Richardson Jennifer C. , Caskurlu Secil , Castellanos-Reyes Daniela , Duan Suzhen , Duha Mohammad Shams Ud , Fiock Holly , Long Yishi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis multiple case study explores how instructors conceptualize and employ scaffolding in online courses. Participants included full time faculty (n = 4) who have designed and taught at least one online course within the past 12 months. Data sources included pre-interview surveys, semi-structured interviews, and online course observations. Data were analyzed by employing a general analytical strategy for developing a case description (Yin, 2018). The results showed that (a) instructors define scaffolding as a support to help students achieve course outcomes and (b) instructors implement different types of scaffolding (i.e., conceptual, metacognitive, procedural, strategic, and motivational) in hard and soft scaffolding forms. The results also showed that instructors' conceptualization and implementation of scaffolding differed based on their discipline and teaching philosophy, and the unique features of online courses. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Identification of prognostic biomarkers associated with tumor microenvironment in ceRNA network for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a bioinformatics study based on TCGA database
Authors: Song Danlei , Wei Yongjian , Hu Yuping , Chen Xia , Zheng Ya , Liu Min , Wang Yuping , Zhou Yongning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer in the world with high incidence rate and poor prognosis. Infiltrated immune and stromal cells are vital components of tumor microenvironment (TME) and have a significant impact on the progression of ESCC. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis has been proved important in the molecular biological mechanisms of tumor development. However, there are few studies on the relationship between ceRNA and ESCC TME.

Methods
The proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the amount of stromal and immune cells in ESCC cases were calculated from The Cancer Genome Atlas database using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods. After stratified identification of differentially expressed genes, WGCNA and miRNA prediction system were applied to construct ceRNA network. Finally, PPI network and survival analysis were selected to discriminate prognostic signature. And the results were verified in two independent groups from Gene Expression Omnibus and Lanzhou, China.

Results
We found that high Stromal and ESTIMATE scores were significantly associated with poor overall survival. Three TME-related key prognostic genes were screened, namely, LCP2, CD86, SLA. And the expression of them was significantly correlated with infiltrated immunocytes. It is also found that ESTIMATE Score and the expression of CD86 were both related to TNM system of ESCC.

Conclusions
We identified three novel TME-related prognostic markers and their lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathway in ESCC patients, which may provide new strategies for the targeted therapy.
3D structural and stratigraphic characterization of X field Niger Delta: implications for CO2 sequestration
Authors: Yahaya-Shiru Mariam , Igwe Ogbonnaya , Obafemi Seyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarbon capture and sequestration technology has been a ground-breaking tool in tackling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions worldwide but has limitedly been researched and practised in Africa at present. Considering the vast growth and developmental level in the continent, there is a need to consider this option of mitigating global climate change. In this study, a systematic and process-based incorporation of seismic and well logs datasets was used to characterize the structural and stratigraphic framework of sandstone reservoirs within the field in order to determine their capacities for effective CO2 sequestration. Petrophysical analysis, fault modelling as well as geostatistical techniques were used to build facies and property models which enabled a qualitative assessment of the sealing potential of faults associated with the reservoirs based on prediction of key properties such as shale gouge ratio, lithological juxtaposition, fault permeability and fault transmissibility across the fault faces. Nine water-bearing sandstone reservoirs (reservoirs A–J) with varying reservoir quality were identified in the field. The dominance of high SGR, low permeability, higher fault throws and low fault transmissibility values at the lower parts of the faults indicates the deeper structural traps of the field are low-risk zones and might serve as good storage areas for CO2.
Artificial neural networks applied for predicting and explaining the education level of Twitter users
Authors: Florea Alexandru Razvan , Roman Monica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a novel procedure to estimate the education level of social network (SN) users by leveraging artificial neural networks (ANN). Additionally, it provides a robust methodology to extract explanatory insights from ANN models. It also contributes to the study of socio-demographic phenomena by utilizing less explored data sources, such as social media. It proposes Twitter data as an alternative data source for in-depth social studies, and ANN for complex patterns recognition. Moreover, cutting edge technology, such as face recognition, on social media data are applied to explain the social characteristics of country-specific users. We use nine variables and three hidden layers of neurons to identify high-skilled users. The resulted model describes well the level of education by correctly estimating it with an accuracy of 95% on the training set and an accuracy of 92% on a testing set. Approximately 30% of the analyzed users are highly skilled and this share does not differ among the two genders. However, it tends to be lower among users younger than 30 years old.