bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential influence of climate and land-use changes on green water security in a semi-arid catchment
Authors: Abbasi Alireza , Amirabadizadeh Mahdi , Afshar Amirhosein Aghakhani , Yaghoobzadeh Mostafa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Temporal and spatial changes of green water (GW) security due to climate and land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes can be used to make the best decisions for sustainable GW management. In this study, simultaneous effects of climate and LULC changes on water resources in Kashafrood Basin were evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A land change modeler was set up to monitor LULC, assess changes and make predictions. The MIROC-ESM model derived from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) emission scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 was applied to evaluate the effects of climate change. Two indices of GW-Scarcity and GW-Vulnerability, representing GW-Security, were quantified using the GW-Footprint concept in Kashafrood Basin. The results show that the annual average of blue water was predicted to increase by 142–350%, and GW storage and the annual averages of GW flow were predicted to decrease by 12–65 and 8–20%, respectively, depending on emission scenarios and time. The GW-Security estimates in the entire basin suggest a better condition in the future by indicating 24–45 and 16–52% decreases in GW-Scarcity and GW-Vulnerability, respectively, depending on emission scenarios and time.
Effect of urban underlying surface change on stormwater runoff process based on the SWMM and Green-Ampt infiltration model
Authors: Zhao Gaolei , Wan Yanlei , Lei Zhiwen , Liang Ruifeng , Li Kefeng , Pu Xunchi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe acceleration of urbanization has brought significant changes to the urban underlying surface. As a result, the flood disaster caused by stormwater runoff has become increasingly prominent. The infiltration function of the permeable area can lead to flood disasters, but the extent and depth of the effect are still unclear. Therefore, based on the storm water management model (SWMM) and Green-Ampt infiltration model, this paper discussed the effect of improving soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SSHC) and soil capillary suction head (SCSH) on the stormwater runoff process. The results show that the increase in SSHC and SCSH can significantly reduce runoff and increase infiltration. However, the improvement of SSHC can more effectively alleviate flood disasters compared with the improvement of SCSH. The change of SSHC has a significant effect on the stormwater runoff with a critical SSHC value while the effect can be ignored. In addition, there is a cross value; when the value of SSHC and SCSH is larger than the cross value, the difference between SSHC and SCSH in reducing runoff duration no longer exists. The critical value and cross value are not constant but change with the change of rainfall intensity.
Cesarean Section Rates before and after the Implementation of Health Sector
Evolution Plan in Iran: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Khazaei Leyla , Alipour Abbas , Khodakarim Soheila 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Today, the issue that is challenging cesarean delivery is its overuse as the
conventional method of birth in the world, especially in developing countries. The Iranian health
system implemented the Health Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) in 2014 to reduce CS rates.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the HSEP
on the rate of CS in an Iranian subpopulation (Qom province) in 13 years.

Methods:
In this longitudinal retrospective study, the trend of CS rate over 13 years (2005-2017)
in Qom province has been studied by using an interrupted time series analysis.

Results:
In the period after implementation of the HSEP, the rate of CS decreases by 0.1% monthly
compared to the previous period, which was not statistically significant. This trend is more definite
among governmental hospitals. In contrast, the pattern observed in non-governmental hospitals
has a monthly increased trend.

Conclusion :
After more than four years of implementation of the HSEP, it has not been able to significantly
reduce the overall CSs during this period in Qom province and has failed to reach the
plan's goals.
APPLICATION OF WEB BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATED SMART CITY SERVICES
Authors: Lalić Dejan , Sajić Mirko , Vidović Željko , Kuzmić Goran , Bundalo Dušanka , Bundalo Zlatko 
Published: June 2021

The paper considers, proposes and describes possibilities and methods to solve problems in providing services in smart cities, where citizens have to appear in person in the city or municipality premises or at the teller/counter of the institution. In this way, by using information and telecommunication technologies, Web based solutions and Internet, citizens obtain services online, from their homes or working places, using all types of their PC equipment or smart mobile telephone, and do not waste their time in the city or municipality premises. Their contacts are also reduced, which is very important in the context of actual Corona virus pandemic. The services are provided and charged automatically and online. No cash is used, which is also a potential carrier of the Corona virus. The proposed method and proposed solution are based on application of the specially developed algorithm for service automation, developed and implemented adequate software application and designed hardware solution that fully supports the software solution and the process of service delivery automation. The proposed system decreases costs and increases availability, quality and speed of services realization in smart cities and municipalities. Also, the proposed solution uses reliable methods for identification and authentication of a person using a service. For identification are used pictures, taken by a Web camera or a smart mobile telephone, of an identity document and of the face of the user and appropriate software for text and face recognition.
POSSIBILITY OF ORGANIC WASTE INCLUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN A CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM
Authors: Momčilović Ana , Stefanović Gordana , Rajković Predrag , Milutinović Biljana , Savić Dragiša 
Published: June 2021

Organic waste represents a challenging type of waste for implementation in the flows of a circular economy. The main idea of the paper is the assessment of the inclusion possibility of different types of organic waste generated in one area into the flows of the circular economy. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and applied. Based on the mathematical model, the optimum mixing ratio of the several organic waste fractions, which will be subjected to the anaerobic digestion treatment and composting, is determined. Developed scenarios are based on the organic waste types and quantities available in the considered area. In each of the scenarios, process products, in the form of biogas and compost, are introduced into the flows of the circular economy. Based on the inputs and outputs in developed scenarios, the efficiency of the circular economy for each scenario is determined.
Evaluación comparativa de un método de doma humanitaria y uno tradicional para el caballo de silla colombiano
Authors: Hoyos-Patiño Johann Fernando , Suárez-Salazar Juan Carlos , Estrada-Cely Gloria Elena 
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito la comparación de dos métodos de doma: el tradicional y el humanitario, evaluando sus efectos sobre parámetros conductuales y fisiológicos en 32 potros Criollos Colombianos, distribuidos equitativa y aleatoriamente para cada tipo de doma.

El estudio comportamental se desarrolló mediante el método observacional de registro continuo de tiempo pre y post doma, a partir del seguimiento de cuatro parámetros actitudinales o conductuales en los especímenes, que fueron: atención, desconfianza, agresividad y obediencia; y el fisiológico fue desarrollado a partir del seguimiento de la frecuencia cardiaca, respiratoria, temperatura rectal, glucosa, leucocitos, linfocitos, monocitos y hemoglobina. El análisis de los resultados demostró que aunque por ambos métodos se obtienen éxito en el proceso de doma, mediante la humanitaria se producen potros dóciles y relajados, menos expuestos a la presencia de enfermedades, mientras en la tradicional, potros temerosos y asustadizos.
Management's Undue Influence over Audit Committee Members: Evidence from Auditor Reporting and Opinion Shopping
Authors: Berglund Nathan R. , Draeger Michelle , Sterin Mikhail 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Audit committee members must be independent of management to protect shareholder interests. While current regulations restrict audit committee members from holding management positions (i.e., affiliations), studies find that management's preferences continue to impact audit committee decisions. This motivates analysis of independence threats beyond affiliations. We apply the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' conceptual approach to independence and examine the threat of management's undue influence over audit committee members. Examining the relative tenure of executives and audit committee members, we find that greater management influence is associated with a lower propensity of the auditor to issue a modified going concern opinion to a distressed client. We also find that greater management influence is associated with increased opinion shopping behavior. These findings are consistent with an undue influence threat to audit committee independence. Our results extend the academic literature and inform regulatory concerns on audit committee independence.
Data Availability: The data used in this paper are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.
JEL Classifications: M40; M42.
Determining the Inherent Risks of Cryptocurrency: A Survey Analysis
Authors: Harrast Steven A. , McGilsky Debra , Sun Yan (Tricia) 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Cryptocurrencies pose several risks that impact the inherent risk assessments of auditors. The SEC has issued warnings about the risks (Clayton 2017), and the PCAOB lists virtual assets as a key focus area in future inspections (Vincent and Wilkins 2020). This study examines how accounting professionals perceive the inherent risks associated with cryptocurrency based on their likelihood of occurrence and expected impact on financial statements. We find the risk of determining cryptocurrency value is perceived as having the highest likelihood of occurrence, and unauthorized private key access has the highest impact. Combining the evaluations of likelihood and impact, we rank the risk of ineffective exchange-level controls as having the highest inherent risk. We also find that inherent risk judgments are negatively correlated with cryptocurrency experience. Professionals with prior cryptocurrency experience, or who work for a company planning to process cryptocurrency transactions, rate inherent risk lower than those with less experience.
Tracheal Disorders
Authors: O'Dell Karla , Bhatt Neel K. 
Published: June 2021

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) can occur secondary to narrowing or collapse of the upper airway. This chapter highlights the etiologies, workup, and management for LTS, specifically looking at subglottic, tracheal, and laryngeal stenosis. There are several etiologies for stenosis including trauma, intubation, tracheotomy tube placement, and autoimmune disease. Careful attention to the underlying causes of LTS guides the appropriate workup and treatment. Advances in in-office endoscopy and procedures have improved the ability to visualize thestenosis, biopsy tissue, and treat the stenosis in the awake patient. For tracheal and subglottic narrowing, open resection and anastomosis is sometimes necessary, and this chapter addresses important technical and post-operative considerations. Finally, this chapter addresses the challenges associated with laryngeal stenosis, with particular attention to the workup and surgical treatments for posterior glottic stenosis (PGS).
This review contains 12 figures, 3 videos, 3 tables, and 36 references.
Key Words: laryngeal stenosis, subglottic stenosis, tracheal stenosis, dyspnea, laryngotracheal stenosis, posterior glottic stenosis
European silver fir – an alternative for the dying Norway spruce in Białowieża Forest?
Authors: Marozau Aleh , Mielcarek Miłosz , Krok Grzegorz , Paluch Rafał , Chiliński Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in the Białowieża Forest is categorized as a crisis. It is believed that due to the cooling in the Holocene, the then-relict species of the forest, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), disappeared from its ecosystems and then spruce appeared. Today’s climate change presents challenges to our civilization, including to forestry. However, there is no information at all about how this affected the silver fir in the Białowieża Forest. In the Polish part of the forest (subcompartment 498 Сi, Białowieża Forest District), for the first time a comprehensive study has been carried out on the condition of mature fir trees planted by man and on their progeny. The results indicate high forestry-taxation indicators of trees, resistance to the abiotic factor and competitiveness. Their constitution corresponds to local environmental conditions. However, the disproportionately small number of adult natural regeneration of old firs indicated some kind of malfunction in the mechanism of natural generational change.
Tanggungjawaban Perusahaan yang Bergerak di Bidang Legal Consulting dalam Dimensi Nominee
Authors: Rismadewi Avina 
Published: June 2021

The offer of making Nominee Agreement services by legal consulting companies has an impact on the rapid development of nominee practices in Indonesia, whereas based on the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) prohibits Nominee Agreement in the ownership of shares in a company. This study aims to analyze the responsibilities of legal consulting companies that offer making Nominee Agarement online. This research uses normative legal research methods. The results of this study show that companies that deliberately offer Nominee Agreements violate the provisions contained in Article 33 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), Law No. 25 of 2007, also violates the provisions of Article 9, Article 28 paragraph (1), and Article 36 of Law No. 11 of 2008, and may be subject to sanctions as referred to in Article 23 of Law No. 11 of 2008 and has responsibility to fulfill compensation as in the suit filed under Article 23 of Law No. 11 of 2008.
Penawaran jasa pembuatan Nominee Agreement oleh perusahaan legal consulting berimbas pada berkembang pesatnya praktik nominee di Indonesia, sedangkan berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 33 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) melarang Nominee Agreement dalam kepemilikan saham pada suatu perusahaan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggungjawab perusahaan legal consulting yang menawarkan pembuatan Nominee Agarement secara online. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukan bahwa perusahaan yang dengan sengaja menawarkan Nominee Agreement melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 33 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), UU No. 25 Tahun 2007, juga melanggar ketentuan Pasal 9, Pasal 28 ayat (1), dan Pasal 36 UU No. 11 tahun 2008, dan dapat dikenakan sanksi sebagaimana dalam Pasal 23 UU No 11 tahun 2008 dan bertanggungjawab mengganti kerugian sebagaimana gugatan yang diajukan berdasarkan Pasal 23 UU No 11 tahun 2008.
Akses Karya Cipta Audiobook Bagi Disabilitas Netra : Perspektif HAM
Authors: Bagus Gede Ari Rama Bagus Gede Ari Rama , Dharmawan Ni Ketut Supasti 
Published: June 2021

Audiobook access for people with disabilities is very important. Access is the convenience that people get from a service. This study aims to analyze the legal certainty and legal protection of audiobook copyright access for blind people with disabilities. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and comparative approach. This research found that access to audiobooks' works has been regulated in the Marrakech Treaty, Copyright Act Number 28 of 2014 and Government Regulation Number 27 of 2019.
Akses karya cipta audiobook bagi disabilitas sangat penting. Aksesibilitas merupakan kemudahan yang didapat oleh orang terhadap suatu layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hukum akses karya cipta audiobook bagi disabilitas tuna netra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan komparatif. Dalam penelitian ini menemukan bahwa akses karya cipta audiobook telah diatur dalam Traktat Marrakesh, UUHC 2014 serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 2019.
Tanggung Jawab Pidana dalam Peristiwa Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas yang Korbanya Meninggal Dunia di Wilayah Hukum Resor Gianyar
Authors: Mahalia Septiana Putu Ratih 
Published: June 2021

The level of discipline and understanding of the rules and the low courtesy of traffic from road users is something that needs special attention in their efforts to solve problems in the field of traffic. The purpose of this study is as follows: to determine the legal consequences for perpetrators in traffic accidents whose victims have died and to find out legal considerations for perpetrators in criminal liability for traffic accidents. The type of research used is empirical juridical legal research. Results of the discussion in this study: The legal consequences for perpetrators in traffic accidents where the victim died was sentenced to a minimum prison sentence of 5 years. In accordance with Article 359 of the Criminal Code. Legal considerations for perpetrators in criminal liability for traffic accidents include unintentional elements (negligence), have never been convicted, there is peace between the parties, giving information is not convoluted, there are witnesses who are mitigating, then the threat of punishment can be lighter.
Tingkat disiplin dan pemahaman terhadap peraturan dan sopan santun berlalu lintas yang rendah dari para pemakai jalan merupakan hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dalam upaya pemecahannya untuk mengatasi permasalahan di bidang lalu lintas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut: untuk mengetahui akibat hukum bagi pelaku dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas yang korbannya meninggal dunia dan untuk mengetahui pertimbangan hukum bagi pelaku dalam pertanggung jawaban pidana terhadap kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Hasil pembahasan dalam penelitian ini: Akibat hukum bagi pelaku dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas yang korbannya meninggal dunia dipidana dengan hukuman penjara minimal 5 tahun. Sesuai Pasal 359 KUHP. Pertimbangan hukum bagi pelaku dalam pertanggung jawaban pidana terhadap kecelakaan lalu lintas antara lain ada unsur ketidaksengajaan (alpa), belum pernah dihukum, ada perdamaian diantara para pihak, memberikan keterangan tidak berbelit-belit, adanya saksi yang meringankan, maka ancaman hukuman bisa lebih ringan.
Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Akta Jual Beli Saham Dengan Surat Kuasa Mewakili Yang Tanggalnya Melampui Akta
Authors: Putri Anak Agung Ayu Adinda , Kartika I Gusti Ayu Putri 
Published: June 2021

A share sale and purchase deed made by a notary based on a power of attorney whose date exceeds the deed often results in legal consequences. To determine the legal consequences that arise, Normative research is used, a statutory approach, uses primary and secondary legal material sources, and uses document study techniques. The aim is to be able to discuss the problems that arise, namely what are the legal consequences arising from the sale and purchase of shares by a notary based on a power of attorney representing the date beyond the deed and what is the form of responsibility by the notary from the legal consequences arising from the making of a share sale and purchase deed based on a power of attorney represents whose date exceeds the deed. The conclusion is that the authentic form of the deed has lost its authenticity, the authority of the party in the deed is considered invalid and invalid.

Akta jual beli saham yang dibuat oleh Notaris berdasarkan surat kuasa yang tanggalnya melampui akta seringkali menimbulkan akibat hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Normatif, pendekatan undang-undang, menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, dan menggunakan teknik studi dokumen. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui akibat hukum yang timbul dari akta jual beli saham oleh Notaris berdasarkan surat kuasa mewakili yang tanggalnya melampaui akta dan untuk mengetahui bentuk tanggung jawab oleh Notaris dari akibat hukum yang timbul karena pembuatan akta jual beli saham berdasarkan surat kuasa mewakili yang tanggalnya melampui akta. Kesimpulannya adalah bentuk akta otentik tersebut hilang otentisitasnya, kewenangan dari penghadap di dalam akta dianggap tidak sah dan tidak berlaku.
Kekuatan Yuridis Akta Konsen Roya Yang Dibuat Oleh Notaris Sebagai Syarat Pencoretan Hak Tanggungan
Authors: Rossana Putu Silkyamara Nandha , Yustiawan Dewa Gede Pradnya 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to find out and anayze the capacity and the juridical power the deed of consent roya made by a notary as a condition for withdrawal of mortgage rights. This study uses normative legal research with approached by statue and conceptual approach. Based on the findings, it is known the deed of consent roya is a notarial deed which has a functions as a substituted for the lost mortgage certificate, functions as a condition for the write-off ot the mortgage rights. As for the juridicial power of the deed of consent roya can be seen from the perspective of legal certainty where the notary act a role in making the deed to fulfil roya process as the National Land Office and can be a concrete proof that the debt has been paid off and has been written off.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai kapasitas serta kekuatan yuridis akta konsen roya yang dibuat oleh notaris sebagai syarat pencoretan hak tanggungan. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, diketahui bahwa akta konsen roya merupakan akta notariil yang memiliki kapasitas sebagai pengganti sertifikat hak tanggungan yang hilang, yang berguna sebagai syarat pencoretan hak tanggungan. Adapun mengenai kekuatan yuridis akta konsen roya dapat dilihat dari perspektif kepastian hukum yang mana notaris berperan dalam pembuatan akta tersebut guna memenuhi proses roya di Kantor Pertanahan Nasional dan dapat dijadikan alat pembuktian yang konkrit bahwa utang sudah lunas dan telah dihapuskan.