bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bottlenecks of Cs2AgBiBr6 Solar Cells: How Contacts and Slow Transients Limit the Performance
Authors: Sirtl Maximilian T. , Ebadi Firouzeh , van Gorkom Bas T. , Ganswindt Patrick , Janssen René A. J. , Bein Thomas , Tress Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCs2AgBiBr6 has attracted much interest as a potential lead‐free alternative for perovskite solar cells. Although this material offers encouraging optoelectronic features, severe bottlenecks limit the performance of the resulting solar cells to a power conversion efficiency of below 3%. Here, the performance‐limiting factors of this material are investigated in full solar cells featuring various architectures. It is found that the photovoltaic parameters of Cs2AgBiBr6‐based solar cells strongly depend on the scan speed of the J/V measurements, suggesting a strong impact of ionic conductivity in the material. Moreover, a sign change of the photocurrent for bias voltages above 0.9 V during the measurement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is revealed, which can be explained by non‐selective contacts. The radiative loss of the VOC from sensitive subgap‐EQE measurements is calculated and it is revealed that the loss is caused by a low external luminescence yield and therefore a high non‐radiative recombination, supported by the first report of a strongly red shifted electroluminescence signal between 800 and 1000 nm. Altogether, these results point to a poor selectivity of the contacts and charge transport layers, caused by poor energy level alignment that can be overcome by optimizing the architecture of the solar cell.
Tailoring the Energy Funneling across the Interface in InSe/MoS2 Heterostructures by Electrostatic Gating and Strain Engineering
Authors: Sun Zhao‐Yuan , Li Yang , Xu Bo , Chen Hao , Wang Peng , Zhao Shou‐Xin , Yang Li , Gao Bo , Dou Xiu‐Ming , Sun Bao‐Quan , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a representative 2D semiconductor in the III–VI family, indium selenide (InSe) retains both high carrier mobility and direct bandgap even down to few‐layer limit. However, it exhibits relatively weak light absorption of normally incident light due to its unique optical anisotropy different from transition metal dichalcogenides, significantly impeding its optoelectronic applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that the light emission of InSe can be enhanced by a maximum of 2.5 times via energy funneling effect in MoS2/InSe type‐I heterostructures, the band alignment and charge transfer process of which are explored by optical spectroscopic technique, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and optoelectronic measurements. The energy funneling effect in MoS2/InSe heterostructure is not only significantly tuned by electrostatic gating, but also preserves high efficiency upon applying a uniaxial tensile strain up to 0.52%, making it appropriate for both rigid and flexible superior optoelectronic devices. Besides, the charge transfer at the heterointerface in MoS2/InSe changes from funneling to exciton dissociation via layer engineering of MoS2, with a maximum hole transfer rate of 9 × 108 s−1 from InSe to MoS2. This work provides approaches to tune the charge transfer across the van der Waals heterointerface, giving rise to promising applications in quantum optoelectronics.
Professionals' Views on Responding to County Lines‐Related Criminal Exploitation in the West Midlands, UK
Authors: Olver Kristen , Cockbain Ella 
Published: June 2021

While certainly not a new phenomenon, the exploitation of children and vulnerable adults in ‘county lines’ drug distribution and sales now attracts considerable attention and concern. In this study, we explored professionals' perspectives on understandings of and responses to this issue in the West Midlands, UK. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 11 participants from policing, prosecution, government and the third sector. Participants typically saw county lines‐related exploitation as insufficiently understood, especially where individuals are both victimised and commit offences are concerned. They also characterised responses as hampered by factors such as variable use of legislation, inconsistent intelligence sharing and insufficient resources – particularly to support vulnerable people. More robust multiagency collaboration could help address these issues, although it also involves challenges. Our exploratory study focuses on criminal justice responses to county lines‐related exploitation in particular, a relatively narrow set of professionals and one specific geographical location, meaning findings must not be overextended. Nevertheless, it provides novel insights into a complex, important and understudied phenomenon. We situate the work against the broader literature on exploitation, drawing parallels with child sexual exploitation and ‘modern slavery’ that could inform further research.‘Provides novel insights into a complex, important and understudied phenomenon’Key Practitioner Messages

The term ‘county lines’ may obscure the complexities and harms of criminal exploitation of children and vulnerable adults in this context.
There can be a challenging interplay between victimisation and offending. Although those exploited have agency, they also often face obvious power imbalances and heavily constrained choices.
Enforcement alone is insufficient: addressing vulnerabilities and complex needs is vital from a preventative perspective.
Improved training on the use and applicability of relevant legislation would likely support investigations and prosecutions.
Implementing and abiding by a consistent framework for information sharing could facilitate more effective responses.
Comparative study of bacterial microfiltration in the implant‐abutment interface, with straight and conical internal connections, in vitro
Authors: Carlos Larrucea V. , C. Carlos Navarro , SM. Karina Larrucea , K. Sunil Boda , E. Carlos Padilla , G. Olga Lobos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveto determine the presence of marginal bacterial microfiltration in the IAI in different implant/abutment systems, in vitro.Material and methodsFifty‐six implants from seven different brand names, 4 with cone and 3 with straight connections were used, implant and abutment were connected using the Ncm tightening as indicated by each of the manufacturers and then were sealed. The samples were subjected occlusal load and thermal cycling, a first sample of each group was observed by micro CT and in a second sample (both samples randomly selected) length of connection was measured, while the rest of the samples were mounted on devices according to the bacterial microfiltration model with Porphyromonas gingivalis.ResultsTwo of the conical connection system groups did not present bacterial microfiltration, one of the three straight connection groups only microfiltered in one sample, while the other two conical as well as the two straight connection samples showed different and important levels of bacterial microfiltration, all groups presented a direct relationship between the implant‐abutment adjustment determined by micro‐CT and bacterial microfiltration levels, not related to the connection length.Conclusion: Only two conical connection systems presented no bacterial microfiltration.
Diet and temperature modify the relationship between energy use and ATP production to influence behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Le Roy Amélie , Mazué Geoffrey P. F. , Metcalfe Neil B. , Seebacher Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFood availability and temperature influence energetics of animals and can alter behavioral responses such as foraging and spontaneous activity. Food availability, however, is not necessarily a good indicator of energy (ATP) available for cellular processes. The efficiency of energy transduction from food‐derived substrate to ATP in mitochondria can change with environmental context. Our aim was to determine whether the interaction between food availability and temperature affects mitochondrial efficiency and behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We conducted a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of feeding frequency, acclimation temperature (three weeks to 18 or 28°C), and acute test temperature (18 and 28°C) on whole‐animal oxygen consumption, mitochondrial bioenergetics and efficiency (ADP consumed per oxygen atom; P:O ratio), and behavior (boldness and exploration). We show that infrequently fed (once per day on four days per week) zebrafish have greater mitochondrial efficiency than frequently fed (three times per day on five days per week) animals, particularly when warm‐acclimated. The interaction between temperature and feeding frequency influenced exploration of a novel environment, but not boldness. Both resting rate of producing ATP and scope for increasing it were positively correlated with time spent exploring and distance moved in standardized trials. In contrast, behavior was not associated with whole‐animal aerobic (oxygen consumption) scope, but exploration was positively correlated with resting oxygen consumption rates. We highlight the importance of variation in both metabolic (oxygen consumption) rate and efficiency of producing ATP in determining animal performance and behavior. Oxygen consumption represents energy use, and P:O ratio is a variable that determines how much of that energy is allocated to ATP production. Our results emphasize the need to integrate whole‐animal responses with subcellular traits to evaluate the impact of environmental conditions on behavior and movement.
Leveraging the NEON Airborne Observation Platform for socio‐environmental systems research
Authors: Ordway Elsa M. , Elmore Andrew J. , Kolstoe Sonja , Quinn John E. , Swanwick Rachel , Cattau Megan , Taillie Dylan , Guinn Steven M. , Chadwick K. Dana , Atkins Jeff W. , Blake Rachael E. , Chapman Melissa , Cobourn Kelly , Goulden Tristan , Helmus Matthew R. , Hondula Kelly , Hritz Carrie , Jensen Jennifer , Julian Jason P. , Kuwayama Yusuke , Lulla Vijay , O’Leary Donal , Nelson Donald R. , Ocón Jonathan P. , Pau Stephanie , Ponce‐Campos Guillermo E. , Portillo‐Quintero Carlos , Pricope Narcisa G. , Rivero Rosanna G. , Schneider Laura , Steele Meredith , Tulbure Mirela G. , Williamson Matthew A. , Wilson Cyril 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the 21st century, human–environment interactions will increasingly expose both systems to risks, but also yield opportunities for improvement as we gain insight into these complex, coupled systems. Human–environment interactions operate over multiple spatial and temporal scales, requiring large data volumes of multi‐resolution information for analysis. Climate change, land‐use change, urbanization, and wildfires, for example, can affect regions differently depending on ecological and socioeconomic structures. The relative scarcity of data on both humans and natural systems at the relevant extent can be prohibitive when pursuing inquiries into these complex relationships. We explore the value of multitemporal, high‐density, and high‐resolution LiDAR, imaging spectroscopy, and digital camera data from the National Ecological Observatory Network’s Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) for Socio‐Environmental Systems (SES) research. In addition to providing an overview of NEON AOP datasets and outlining specific applications for addressing SES questions, we highlight current challenges and provide recommendations for the SES research community to improve and expand its use of this platform for SES research. The coordinated, nationwide AOP remote sensing data, collected annually over the next 30 yr, offer exciting opportunities for cross‐site analyses and comparison, upscaling metrics derived from LiDAR and hyperspectral datasets across larger spatial extents, and addressing questions across diverse scales. Integrating AOP data with other SES datasets will allow researchers to investigate complex systems and provide urgently needed policy recommendations for socio‐environmental challenges. We urge the SES research community to further explore questions and theories in social and economic disciplines that might leverage NEON AOP data.
Impact of YTHDF1 gene polymorphisms on Wilms tumor susceptibility: A five‐center case‐control study
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Lin Huiran , Hua Rui‐Xi , Zhang Jiao , Cheng Jiwen , Li Suhong , Zhou Haixia , Zhuo Zhenjian , Bian Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor is the most frequent renal malignancy in children. YTHDF1 is associated with the development of several kinds of cancers, yet whether common variants of the YTHDF1 gene influence Wilms tumor risk is unknown. We present, here, a hospital‐based case‐control study specifically designed to investigate the role of YTHDF1 genetic variants on Wilms tumor.MethodsWe successfully genotyped samples of 408 Wilms tumor cases and 1198 controls which were collected from five hospitals across China. The unconditional logistic regression was adopted to analyze the contributions of YTHDF1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the risk of Wilms tumor. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were generated to evaluate the conferring risk of YTHDF1 gene SNPs (rs6011668 C>T, rs6090311 A>G).ResultsNeither of the two SNPs could contribute to the risk of Wilms tumor. A negative association was also detected in the combined effects of protective genotypes on Wilms tumor risk. The stratification analysis revealed that compared with those with CC genotype, rs6011668 CT/TT genotype was associated with increased Wilms tumor risk in those ≤18 months (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02–2.30, p = 0.038), and with decreased Wilms tumor risk in those >18 months (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.97, p = 0.034).ConclusionOur present work sheds some light on the potential role of YTHDF1 gene polymorphisms on Wilms tumor risk.
The SCI of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 USp(2Nc) and SO(Nc) SYM as a matrix integral
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Fazzi Marco , Segati Alessia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the superconformal index of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 USp(2Nc) and SO(Nc) SYM from a matrix model perspective. We focus on the Cardy-like limit of the index. Both in the symplectic and orthogonal case the index is dominated by a saddle point solution which we identify, reducing the calculation to a matrix integral of a pure Chern-Simons theory on the three-sphere. We further compute the subleading logarithmic corrections, which are of the order of the center of the gauge group. In the USp(2Nc) case we also study other subleading saddles of the matrix integral. Finally we discuss the case of the Leigh-Strassler fixed point with SU(Nc) gauge group, and we compute the entropy of the dual black hole from the Legendre transform of the entropy function.
Mediterranean diet adherence amongst adolescents in North Lebanon: the role of skipping meals, meals with the family, physical activity and physical well-being
Authors: Mitri Rosy N. , Boulos Christa , Ziade Fouad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet (MD) is a model of a healthy diet and healthy lifestyle. Adherence to the MD has been correlated with a reduction in many metabolic disorders including cancers. The factors associated with adolescents’ adherence to the MD in North Lebanon using the KIDMED index have never been explored. Therefore, we thought to examine these factors amongst a sample of them. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the city of Tripoli, North Lebanon. A total of 798 adolescents aged 11–18 years were randomly selected to participate in this study. All participants completed a questionnaire assessing adherence to the MD (KIDMED index), physical activity (physical activity questionnaires for older children and adolescents), health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27 index) and sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, grade level and parents’ educational status). Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height and waist circumference, were also collected. Adherence to the MD was good amongst only 13·3 % of the adolescents. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was elevated, affecting 36·9 % of the students. Lower adherence to the MD was significantly correlated with skipping meals (P = 0·001). Meanwhile, adolescents who were engaged in a high level of physical activity, those who consumed more meals with their families and those who benefited from better physical well-being had a better diet quality (P < 0·001). Nutrition intervention programmes, as well as public health policies, would be of interest in order to improve diet quality amongst Lebanese adolescents.
Overview of the central amygdala role in feeding behaviour
Authors: Izadi Mina Sadat , Radahmadi Maryam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe neural regulation of feeding behaviour, as an essential factor for survival, is an important research area today. Feeding behaviour and other lifestyle habits play a major role in optimising health and obesity control. Feeding behaviour is physiologically controlled through processes associated with energy and nutrient needs. Different brain nuclei are involved in the neural regulation of feeding behaviours. Therefore, understanding the function of these brain nuclei helps develop feeding control methods. Among important brain nuclei, there is scant literature on the central amygdala (CeA) nucleus and feeding behaviour. The CeA is one of the critical brain regions that play a significant role in various physiological and behavioural responses, such as emotional states, reward processing, energy balance and feeding behaviour. It contains γ-aminobutyric acid neurons. Also, it is the major output region of the amygdaloidal complex. Moreover, the CeA is also involved in multiple molecular and biochemical factors and has extensive connections with other brain nuclei and their neurotransmitters, highlighting its role in feeding behaviour. This review aims to highlight the significance of the CeA nucleus on food consumption by its interaction with the performance of reward, digestive and emotional systems.
Cultivation and characterization of primordial germ cells from blue layer hybrids (Araucana crossbreeds) and generation of germline chimeric chickens
Authors: Altgilbers Stefanie , Klein Sabine , Dierks Claudia , Weigend Steffen , Kues Wilfried A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chicken (Gallus gallus) is one of the most common and widespread domestic species, with an estimated total population of 25 billion birds worldwide. The vast majority of chickens in agriculture originate from hybrid breeding programs and is concentrated on few commercially used high performance lines, whereas numerous local and indigenous breeds are at risk to become extinct. To preserve the genomic resources of rare and endangered chicken breeds innovative methods are necessary. Here, we established a solid workflow for the derivation and biobanking of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) from blue layer hybrids. To achieve this, embryos of a cross of heterozygous blue egg layers were sampled to obtain blood derived and gonadal male as well as female PGCs of different genotypes (homozygous, heterozygous and nullizygous blue-allele bearing). The total efficiency of established PGC lines was 45% (47/104) within an average of 49 days until they reached sufficient numbers of cells for cryopreservation. The stem-cell character of the cultivated PGCs was confirmed by SSEA-1 immunostaining, and RT-PCR amplification of the pluripotency- and PGC-specific genes cPOUV, cNANOG, cDAZL and CVH. The Sleeping Beauty transposon system allowed to generate a stable integration of a Venus fluorophore reporter into the chicken genome. Finally, we demonstrated that, after re-transfer into chicken embryos, Venus-positive PGCs migrated and colonized the forming gonads. Semen samples of 13 raised cell chimeric roosters were analyzed by flow cytometry for the efficiency of germline colonization by the transferred PGCs carrying the Venus reporter and their proper differentiation into vital spermatids. Thus, we provide a proof-of-concept study for the potential use of PGCs for the cryobanking of rare breeds or rare alleles.
3D monitoring of the surface slippage effect on micro-particle sedimentation by digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Panahi Majid , Jamali Ramin , Rad Vahideh Farzam , Khorasani Mojtaba , Darudi Ahamd , Moradi Ali-Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn several phenomena in biology and industry, it is required to understand the comprehensive behavior of sedimenting micro-particles in fluids. Here, we use the numerical refocusing feature of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to investigate the slippage effect on micro-particle sedimentation near a flat wall. DHM provides quantitative phase contrast and three-dimensional (3D) imaging in arbitrary time scales, which suggests it as an elegant approach to investigate various phenomena, including dynamic behavior of colloids. 3D information is obtained by post-processing of the recorded digital holograms. Through analysis of 3D trajectories and velocities of multiple sedimenting micro-particles, we show that proximity to flat walls of higher slip lengths causes faster sedimentation. The effect depends on the ratio of the particle size to (1) the slip length and (2) its distance to the wall. We corroborate our experimental findings by a theoretical model which considers both the proximity and the particle interaction to a wall of different hydrophobicity in the hydrodynamic forces.
The influence of sugar–protein complexes on the thermostability of C-reactive protein (CRP)
Authors: Mateescu Andreea Lorena , Mincu Nicolae-Bogdan , Vasilca Silvana , Apetrei Roxana , Stan Diana , Zorilă Bogdan , Stan Dana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate de influence of protein–sugar complexation on the stability and functionality of C-reactive protein, after exposure to constant high temperatures, in order to develop highly stable positive controls for in-vitro diagnostic tests. C-reactive protein is a plasmatic protein used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of a series of health problems such as ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, due to its essential role in the evolution of chronic inflammation. The sugar–protein interaction was investigated using steady state and time resolved fluorescence. The results revealed that there are more than two classes of tryptophan, with different degree of accessibility for the quencher molecule. Our study also revealed that sugar–protein complexes have superior thermostability, especially after gamma irradiation at 2 kGy, the protein being stable and functional even after 22 days exposure to 40 °C.