bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Use Efficiency of Primary Packaging of Fast‐Moving Consumer Goods
Authors: Yilmaz Cihat , Müller Kajetan , Blanke Laura , Dorn Verena , Rohrmeier Teresa , Schinkel Konstantin , Tischler Cornelia , Vafaieshoar Maryam , Fell Tanja , Sängerlaub Sven 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo make different packages with various filling quantities better comparable for their packaging material use, in this study the packaging material use efficiency was defined as the ratio of fill good amount to the packaging weight. Several hundred rigid packages (tubes, bottles, cans, and carton packages) for liquid and higher‐viscous fast‐moving consumer goods, e.g., beverages and personal care products, were analyzed (weight) and more than >1000 data sets were taken from packaging suppliers of glass and PET packaging. As expected, glass packaging is heavier than PET packaging by a factor of around 10, and with a higher filling volume less packaging per amount of food is required. The material use efficiency of glass and PET bottles can differ by up to a factor of 3 within one filling quantity. The results are relevant for calculating life cycle assessments (LCAs) and selection of material efficient packaging.
Modeling Fibrous Tissue in Vascular Fluid–Structure Interaction: A Morphology‐Based Pipeline and Biomechanical Significance
Authors: Sun Yujie , Huang Jiayi , Lu Qingshuang , Yue Xinhai , Huang Xuanming , He Wei , Shi Yun , Liu Ju 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTModeling fibrous tissue for vascular fluid–structure interaction analysis poses significant challenges due to the lack of effective tools for preparing simulation data from medical images. This limitation hinders the physiologically realistic modeling of vasculature and its use in clinical settings. Leveraging an established lumen modeling strategy, we propose a comprehensive pipeline for generating thick‐walled artery models. A specialized mesh generation procedure is developed to ensure mesh continuity across the lumen and wall interface. Exploiting the centerline information, a series of procedures are introduced for generating local basis vectors within the arterial wall. The procedures are tailored to handle thick‐walled tissues where basis vectors may exhibit transmural variations. Additionally, we propose methods for accurately identifying the centerline in multi‐branched vessels and bifurcating regions. These modeling approaches are algorithmically implementable, rendering them readily integrable into mainstream cardiovascular modeling software. The developed fiber generation method is evaluated against the strategy using linear elastostatics analysis, demonstrating that the proposed approach yields satisfactory fiber definitions in the considered benchmark. Finally, we examine the impact of anisotropic arterial wall models on the vascular fluid–structure interaction analysis through numerical examples, employing the neo‐Hookean model for comparative purposes. The first case involves an idealized curved geometry, while the second studies an image‐based abdominal aorta model. Our numerical results reveal that the deformation and stress distribution are critically related to the constitutive model of the wall, whereas hemodynamic factors are less sensitive to the wall model. This work paves the way for more accurate image‐based vascular modeling and enhances the prediction of arterial behavior under physiologically realistic conditions.
The Power of Ethics: Merchant Culture and Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Guoliu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure has emerged as a strategic imperative for sustainable development, yet the full range of its drivers remains unexplored. While formal institutions, such as environmental regulations, have been scrutinized, the impact of informal institutions, particularly traditional culture, has largely been uncharted. We empirically examine the impact of traditional Chinese business group culture—referred to as merchant culture—on the ESG disclosure of listed companies in China, using a sample from 2011 to 2021. Merchant culture is measured based on the proximity of a company's registered location to the origins of merchant guilds. Our analysis of the manually collected data reveals a robust positive correlation between merchant culture and ESG disclosure. This positive correlation is particularly pronounced among firms without Big four auditors, in heavily polluted industries, and in regions with weaker legal frameworks. Crucially, merchant culture appears to foster corporate integrity and mitigate the negative impact of social dishonesty environment on ESG disclosure. These findings suggest that, as a social norm, merchant culture can promote integrity and encourage ethical behaviors among companies.
Water‐Soluble Iron Porphyrins as Catalysts for Suppressing Chlorinated Disinfection Byproducts in Hypochlorite‐Dependent Water Remediation
Authors: Engbers Silène , Lind Maja J. , Skavenborg Mathias L. , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Lauritsen Frants R. , McKenzie Christine J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe are facing a world‐wide shortage of clean drinking water which will only be further exacerbated by climate change. The development of reliable and affordable methods for water remediation is thus of utmost importance. Chlorine (which forms active hypochlorites in solution) is the most commonly used disinfectant due to its reliability and low cost. One drawback is that it reacts with organic pollutants to generate toxic chlorinated byproducts. To mitigate chlorination in water remediation, we have investigated the use of catalytic amounts of charged water‐soluble iron porphyrins. These are known to activate hypochlorite to generate high valent oxoiron species. We studied the depletion of the model micropollutant phenol and the accumulation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts under water remediation conditions, using iron porphyrins [(TMPyP)FeCl]Cl4 and (NH4)4[(TPPS)FeCl] as catalysts, by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Despite bearing opposite charges on the meso‐substituent, both iron porphyrins suppress the formation of chlorinated disinfection by‐products equally well. To gain further insight, spectroscopic studies were performed. These showed the transient formation of Compound II, followed by either regeneration of the iron(III) porphyrin at low NaOCl concentrations, or total decomposition of the porphyrin complex at high NaOCl concentrations. Potential future directions for modifications of porphyrin‐based catalysts are discussed.
HEBE Optimized Mob‐LSTM for Channel Estimation in RIS‐Assisted mmWave MIMO System
Authors: Durga Naga Lakshmi N. , Vijaya Lakshmi B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChannel acquisitions are one of the most significant challenges to implementing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)–assisted wireless networks. Basically, the base station (BS) and the mobile station (MS) are connected to one another via the RIS. However, accurate channel state information for each individual channel is required for the RIS to perform at its highest level. Therefore, effective execution of superresolution channel estimation (CE) at the BS to RIS, RIS to MS, and composed channel is necessary. Hence, this research proposed the MobileNet–long short‐term memory (Mob‐LSTM) technique for the RIS‐aided mmWave MIMO system in order to provide an accurate CE model. In this research, three types of channels were initially developed: BS to RIS, RIS to MS, and composed channel. After that, these three types of channel parameters are estimated with the aid of the proposed Mob‐LSTM model. Additionally, this research utilized a sequential weighting method, namely, a hybrid extended bald eagle (HEBE) optimizer, for fine‐tuning the hyperparameters of the Mob‐LSTM. Furthermore, the proposed research is implemented and examined using the MATLAB tool. In the simulation scenario, the proposed method can outperform the various existing approaches in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) and mean square error (MSE). Additionally, four different scenarios have been used to assess the proposed approach's efficiency: path gain analysis and convergence analysis of Mob‐LSTM, MSE, and NMSE measures. According to the simulation outcomes, the suggested method attains a lower NMSE value of −52.53 and exceeds the existing techniques with high‐CE effectiveness.
Distribution and Conservation of Ephedra rhytidosperma
Authors: Tan Chao , Ferguson David Kay , Yang Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith global warming and increasingly intensified human activities, numerous species are on the verge of extinction, ca. 28% of living species are threatened globally, although conservation of endangered species has received worldwide attention. It remains unclear if threatened species have been appropriately conserved or not. Ephedra rhytidosperma is an endangered species and included in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in China (released in September 2021). This shrubby species is endemic to the Helan Mountains in northwestern China where it dominates the lowland vegetation. We have conducted an integrative investigation on the conservation of the species. We used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of E. rhytidosperma under past, current, and future climatic scenarios based on distributional occurrences and environmental data and investigated the conservation status and its effectiveness. The results show that E. rhytidosperma is mainly distributed in lowland Helan Mountains, while the range in the past and future show different patterns. The range has shrunk significantly and migrated westwards since the Last Interglacial, whereas the projected area in the future displays a fluctuating pattern and easterly migration. The precipitation (Bio14), the temperature (Bio9), and degree of slope (Slope) are the dominant factors influencing its current and future ranges. We also found that E. rhytidosperma populations at different altitudes showed different adaptations to the environment. Our assessment of the conservation status of the hotspots revealed that only 15.1% occur in nature reserves, implying that a large conservation gap remains. In addition, there has been less attention paid to ex situ conservation. As a result, we propose conducting an integrative conservation approach including both in situ and ex situ management to save E. rhytidosperma. Our study lays a solid foundation for the development of targeted conservation strategies for E. rhytidosperma.
Effectiveness of canine‐assisted surveillance and human searches for early detection of invasive spotted lanternfly
Authors: Fuller Angela K. , Augustine Ben C. , Clifton Eric H. , Hajek Ann E. , Blumenthal Arden , Beese Josh , Hurt Aimee , Brown‐Lima Carrie J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrevention and early detection of invasive species are championed as the most cost‐effective and efficient strategies for reducing or preventing negative impacts on ecosystems. Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula, is a recently introduced invasive insect whose range in the United States has been expanding rapidly since it was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 2014. Feeding by this planthopper can cause severe impacts on agricultural production, particularly grapes (Vitis spp.). Human visual surveys are the most common search method employed for detection but can be ineffective due to the insect's cryptic egg masses and low density during early stages of infestation. Therefore, finding alternative early detection methods has become a priority for agencies tasked with addressing SLF management. This study experimentally tested whether trained detector dogs could improve the probability of detecting SLF in both agricultural and forest settings. We surveyed transects in 20 vineyards and their adjacent wooded areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, USA, and used a multiscale occupancy model to estimate detection probability achieved by human observers and detection dogs as a function of SLF infestation level, weather, and habitat covariates. We modeled transect‐level occupancy of SLF as a function of infestation level, habitat type, topographic position index, and distance to forests. Occupancy probability of SLF was higher on vines within vineyards than in forests, and occupancy declined with increasing distance from forests, which is informative for future search efforts. Detection probability of SLF was lower at forested sites but was higher at high infestation sites. Detection dogs had a lower detection probability than humans in the vineyards, but the detection probability of dogs was >3× greater than that of humans in forested sites. Our study suggests that detection dogs are more effective than human visual searches as an early detection method for SLF in forested areas, and utilizing detector dogs could strengthen SLF early detection efforts. This study demonstrates the potential applicability of using canine‐assisted search strategies combined with occupancy models to enhance the surveillance and prevention of other difficult‐to‐detect invasive species.
A suite of wildlife crossing structures facilitates mammal movement across tropical forest fragments in a city
Authors: Tay Li Si , Choo Ruisheng , Khoo Max D. Y. , Kong Eunice , Chan Yi Xiang , Neo Wivian H. Y. , Ow Sebastian , Toh Yuet Hsin , Ling Han , Soh Malcolm C. K. , Lee Benjamin P. Y.‐H. , Loo Adrian H. B. , Er Kenneth B. H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWildlife crossing structures and road calming measures are frequently implemented to improve habitat connectivity and mitigate the risks of wildlife–vehicle collisions on roads. Although Southeast Asia is a known biodiversity hotspot, majority of studies assessing effectiveness of such structures were conducted outside the region. Existing studies also tended to be non‐comparative and focused on crossing structures in silo. We addressed this gap by simultaneously surveying and comparing the usage frequency of mammals across three crossing types—culverts, roads and rope bridges—along a road surrounded by forests in Singapore. This allowed us to evaluate the preferences of mammals, assess usage patterns and investigate factors influencing the use of different crossing types. Using camera traps and closed‐circuit televisions, we documented 1133 independent crossing events across a 9‐month study period from March to November 2021. Fourteen mammal species were detected across all crossing types, with wild boar (Sus scrofa) being the most prevalent species (68.2%). Locally critically endangered species such as the Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica), and Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis femoralis) were also recorded to use culverts, roads, and rope bridges for crossings, respectively. Although many species used multiple crossing types, most species had a preferred crossing method. Between culverts and roads, factors that influenced crossing preferences included group size for wild boars and time of day and presence of fences for other mammals. Even though such culverts were intended for drainage, they were still widely used by mammals. Overall, all three crossing methods were crucial in facilitating the movement of animals between habitats. Thus, a variety of infrastructure and measures to accommodate the diversity of wildlife moving across forest patches in a fragmented landscape is recommended.
Assessment of Allometry in Environmental DNA and RNA Production From Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) in an Experimental Condition Using Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Markers
Authors: Jo Toshiaki S. , Ozaki Yusuke , Matsuda Nao , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecent studies demonstrated that integrating allometric scaling could strengthen the relationship between environmental DNA (eDNA) concentration and organism abundance. The finding has been supported mainly by field surveys but has not been verified sufficiently at the individual level in a controlled experimental condition. In addition, it remains unknown whether not only eDNA but also environmental RNA (eRNA) production scales allometrically with body mass. To address the knowledge gaps, we conducted a long‐term rearing experiment using ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) to monitor the production of their eDNA and messenger and ribosomal eRNA in their growth from larvae to adults. Water samples were collected from the experimental tanks and P. altivelis eDNA and eRNA (eNAs) concentrations in water samples were estimated using a quantitative real‐time PCR with the mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers. In parallel with each water sampling, the number of fish individuals and total biomass in the tank were recorded. Regardless of gene and RNA types, individual‐level P. altivelis eNA concentrations were related to their allometric scaled mass (ASM), with the scaling coefficient (b) = 0.75, more strongly than their mean body mass. The result indicated that a larger individual produces lesser mass‐specific eNA particles, supporting the relevance of the allometric scaling in eDNA production at the population level observed in field surveys. Moreover, the ratios of some eNA concentrations significantly decreased with larger mean fish body mass in the tank. The finding may relate to the changes in intracellular physiology with individual growth and/or aging, having the potential to indicate the population's average body size. Our study offered insights into the production of various eNA particles depending on body size and metabolic rate and implications for a better understanding of the population's ecology and more effective stock management.
Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy: A narrative review
Authors: Cappelletto Pietro , Accolla Claudia , Preti Martina , Pisano Tiziana , Barba Carmen , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeople with epilepsy (PWE) are at higher risk of psychiatric disorders (PD), disability, and reduced quality of life than the general population, especially in childhood and adolescence and when seizures originate from the temporal lobe. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy and can be due to structural abnormalities, or non‐lesional causes, such as genetic variants. The prevalence of PD is approximately 20%–30% in people with epilepsy in general, and from 40% up to 80% in people with TLE. A higher rate of anxiety and depression disorders has been observed in association with TLE than with extra‐temporal epilepsy, or idiopathic generalized epilepsy, or other chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, while the association between psychopathology and TLE has been extensively assessed in adults, only a few studies have focused on its expression in children and adolescents. In this review, we describe the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for PD in people with epilepsy in general and with TLE, with a specific focus on the pediatric age. In addition, we provide insights into the current knowledge of the pathophysiological bases of psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with TLE.Plain Language SummaryThis review examines the frequency and characteristics of psychiatric disorders in people with temporal lobe epilepsy, with a focus on children and adolescents.Similarly to adults, younger people with epilepsy have higher rates of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, than healthy peers or children with other chronic illnesses such as diabetes and asthma. Contributing risk factors include epilepsy duration and severity, and the effects of antiseizure medications, as well as psychological challenges, sociocultural influences, and family dynamics. Psychiatric disorders associated with temporal lobe epilepsy are relatively frequent, probably in relation to the critical role that some limbic structures in the temporal lobe, such as the amygdala and hippocampus, play in regulating emotions and behavior.
Wildfire Risk Assessment to Overhead Transmission‐Line Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Xu Jun , Fang Chaoying , Cheng Yunchu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of wildfire disasters can easily trigger tripping in overhead transmission‐line, thereby posing a significant threat to the safe and stable operation of the power system. In order to enhance the wildfire prevention and control capability of overhead transmission‐line, a wildfire risk assessment method based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. First, the main factors of wildfire occurrence are explored, and the wildfire risk indicator system for overhead transmission‐line is constructed. We propose a novel runaway coefficient of fire for assessing the impact of fire sources on wildfire disaster. Secondly, the mutual information method is used to avoid the subjective arbitrariness of AHP to improve the reliability of each index weight. The results show that about 82.14% of new fire events of 2023 in Fujian (China) are located in medium‐, high‐, and very‐high‐risk areas, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. This methodology offers a foundation for the power system to mitigate the risk of wildfire.
Effects of Lipids and Emulsifiers on the Release of Strawberry Aroma Compounds in Soy‐Based Emulsions
Authors: Xu Jiao , Zeng Maomao , Wang Zhaojun , Chen Qiuming , Qin Fang , Chen Jie , He Zhiyong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo explore the effects of lipids and emulsifiers on the release of strawberry aroma compounds in soy‐based emulsions, the release of seven strawberry aroma compounds (limonene, ethyl hexanoate, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate, ethyl butanoate, (Z)‐3‐hexenol, and diacetyl) was examined using static headspace gas chromatographic analysis. Sensory evaluations revealed that the incorporation of soy protein isolate (SPI) emulsions led to a marked imbalance in the strawberry flavor profile. Although no direct correlation was found between emulsion viscosity or particle size and flavor release, lipid type and concentration (soybean oil and palm oil), and emulsifier type (sucrose ester, tween 80, and monoglyceride) significantly impacted flavor retention. Specifically, the hydrophilic compound diacetyl exhibited significantly higher retention in soybean oil emulsions (41%) than in palm oil emulsions (34%) (p < 0.05). The retention of esters and limonene increased with lipid content, whereas diacetyl retention decreased. Sucrose ester and tween 80 demonstrated stronger adsorption of ester compounds than monoglyceride. After sucrose ester addition, retention values of ethyl butanoate, limonene, and diacetyl increased by 1.6, 2.1, and 1.8 times, respectively, compared to samples without it. This study provides theoretical insights into the flavor release behavior in soy‐based beverages.