bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Expectancy Value Theory to understand motivation, persistence, and achievement in university‐level foreign language learning
Authors: Nagle Charles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost students take language courses at university, but only a fraction go beyond the introductory and intermediate levels despite the fact that continued study is likely necessary to achieve full communicative competence in the target language. By shedding light on the motivational pathways that predict language learning effort, persistence, and achievement, motivation research can provide actionable data that can guide strategies to help students generate and maintain motivation, leading to better learning outcomes and a stronger and healthier language program for educators and administrators. This survey‐based study applied Expectancy Value Theory to understand links between motivation, persistence, and achievement in a fourth‐semester Spanish course, a critical transition point in the language curriculum. Expectancy Value Theory subcomponents showed differential relationships to willingness to communicate, enrollment choices, and final course grade. Based on this data, suggestions are offered for supporting university students' language learning interest and achievement.
Lianas and trees exhibit divergent intrinsic water‐use efficiency along elevational gradients in South American and African tropical forests
Authors: Mumbanza Francis M. , Bauters Marijn , Meunier Félicien , Boeckx Pascal , Cernusak Lucas A. , De Deurwaerder Hannes P. T. , Demol Miro , Meeussen Camille , Sercu Bram , Verryckt Lore T. , Pauwels Jana , Cizungu Landry N. , Báez Selene , Lubini Constantin A. , Verbeeck Hans 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimElevational gradients provide excellent opportunities to explore long‐term morphological and physiological responses of plants to environmental change. We determined the difference in the elevational pattern of foliar carbon isotope composition (δ13C) between lianas and trees, and assessed whether this difference arises from changes in photosynthesis or stomatal conductance. We also explored the pattern of nutrient limitations with the elevation of these two growth forms.LocationThe study was conducted in two mountain forests situated in the Neotropics and Palaeotropics.Time periodAugust–September 2015 and August–October 2016.Major taxa studiedLianas and trees.MethodsWe conducted inventories of lianas and trees using standardized techniques along elevational gradients in Ecuador and Rwanda. We determined the values of several foliar traits including δ13C and chemical traits in dominant liana and tree species. We set up Bayesian linear mixed‐effect models to quantify the effects of elevation and growth form on each of the foliar traits , and the difference of the effect of elevation between the two growth forms (lianas and trees).ResultsWe found consistent growth form specific divergences in foliar δ13C and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C : N) responses to elevation. While we noted a meaningful increase in foliar δ13C and C : N with elevation for trees, lianas did not exhibit such a trend. Foliar δ13C and C : N remained relatively constant for lianas along the transects.Main conclusionsLianas operate at relatively constant intrinsic water‐ and nitrogen‐use efficiencies with elevation compared with trees. Altogether, the study suggests the existence of a functional divergence of water and nutrient use strategies between lianas and trees along tropical elevational transects.
Spatial network analysis as a tool for measuring change in accessibility over time: Limits of transport investment as a driver for UK regional development
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Cooper Crispin H. V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper develops spatial network metrics that contribute to analysis of regional development. We use the sDNA software to derive longitudinal road network density and efficiency measures based on the network within a 1‐hr travel time buffer. We estimate this travel time itself from network shape and show it to be comparable to Google Maps travel time data. Economic analysis of 374 Local Administrative Units in the UK mainland shows cross‐sectional association between our network density and efficiency measures and Gross Value Added per capita (GVApc), whether measured in bivariate correlation or in multiple regression controlling for population, education, economic activity rate and rail stations. This is however both mediated and moderated by the proportion of knowledge‐based businesses; regions lacking a strong knowledge‐based sector show only weak correspondence between GVApc and accessibility. Looking at change over time, increase in network accessibility is linked to growth in the knowledge‐based sector, but inversely linked to economic performance during the 8‐year period studied, a finding which remains unexplained. Although further substantiation is needed, results suggest that the policy of transport investment as a driver of UK economic growth may be less effective in areas lacking potential to develop a strong knowledge‐based sector.
The impact of knowledge depth and breadth on the geography of analytical industry technological networks: Evidence from China’s biotechnology industry
Authors: Ye Qin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe debate on the role of knowledge specialization compared to diversification as a driver of regional innovation has been conflicting for a long time. This article contributes to this framework by exploring the effect of knowledge bases of analytical industry represented by China’s biotechnology industry on regional innovation from the perspective of networks. The network connecting the industry’s patented technology to the cities where the inventors are located depicts the geography of innovation in this industry. The more patents that a city generates in the core technology fields, the greater its centrality in the network, and the greater its relative importance to the industry innovation. Knowledge depth and breadth, two distinct dimensions of the knowledge bases on behalf of specialization and diversification, affect a city’s centrality in the technological network. In the analytical industry, both the knowledge depth and breadth of the city have negative curvilinear effects on its centrality in the network. The influence of knowledge depth is greater than that of knowledge breadth, but the synergy between the two is not significant. To promote the innovation performance of analytical industries, peripheral cities are more likely to increase knowledge breadth, while core cities are more likely to increase knowledge depth.
Improving healthcare for patients with HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis C in eastern Europe: a review of current challenges and important next steps
Authors: Kraef Christian , Bentzon Adrian , Skrahina Alena , Mocroft Amanda , Peters Lars , Lundgren Jens D. , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Podlekareva Daria , Kirk Ole 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn some eastern European countries, serious challenges exist to meet the HIV‐, tuberculosis (TB)‐ and hepatitis‐related target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Some of the highest incidence rates for HIV and the highest proportion of multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) tuberculosis worldwide are found in the region. The purpose of this article is to review the challenges and important next steps to improve healthcare for people living with TB, HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) in eastern Europe.MethodsReferences for this narrative review were identified through systematic searches of PubMed using pre‐idientified key word for articles published in English from January 2000 to August 2020. After screening of titles and abstracts 37 articles were identified as relevant for this review. Thirty‐eight further articles and sources were identified through searches in the authors’ personal files and in Google Scholar.ResultsUp to 50% of HIV/MDR‐TB‐coinfected individuals in the region die within 2 years of treatment initiation. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage for people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the proportion virological suppressed are far below the UNAIDS 90% targets. In theory, access to various diagnostic tests and treatment of drug‐resistant TB exists, but real‐life data point towards inadequate testing and treatment. New treatments could provide elimination of viral HCV in high‐risk populations but few countries have national programmes.ConclusionSome eastern European countries face serious challenges to achieve the sustainable development goal‐related target of 3.3 by 2030, among others, to end the epidemics of AIDS and tuberculosis. Better integration of healthcare systems, standardization of health care, unrestricted substitution therapy for all people who inject drugs, widespread access to drug susceptibility testing, affordable medicines and a sufficiently sized, well‐trained health workforce could address some of those challenges.
Clustering analysis and punishment‐driven consensus‐reaching process for probabilistic linguistic large‐group decision‐making with application to car‐sharing platform selection
Authors: Yu Su‐min , Du Zhi‐jiao , Zhang Xue‐yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProbabilistic linguistic large‐group decision‐making (LGDM) is becoming a hot topic in the field of decision science. In general, clustering and consensus‐reaching are the two important processes to deal with LGDM problems. Traditional clustering methods are mainly based on opinion similarity measures and cannot directly control the number of decision makers (DMs) that can be contained in a cluster. Situations of noncooperative behavior toward consensus may be encountered during the consensus‐reaching process. This paper first proposes a distance‐to‐center clustering algorithm to classify the large group. The most important characteristic of the algorithm is that it is based on similarity measures of probabilistic linguistic information, and specifies the upper and lower limits on the number of DMs in the cluster. Then, a novel weight‐determining method is developed that considers the size, external consensus level, and inner consensus level of a cluster. A punishment‐driven consensus model is designed to manage opinion differences and noncooperative behaviors. Finally, the proposed clustering algorithm and consensus model are applied to a case study of car‐sharing platform selection. The results and comparative analysis reveal the potential application and effectiveness of this study.
Bibliometric analysis of the Doctor of Nursing Practice dissertations in the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database
Authors: Shi Xiuxiu , Zhou Ying , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the distributed characteristics and explore the research themes of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) dissertations during the past two decades.DesignA descriptive statistical and visualization bibliometric analysis was conducted.MethodsDoctor of Nursing Practice dissertations submitted between January 2005 and June 2021 were collected from the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to calculate the distribution of the DNP dissertations by granting institution and the published year of publications. The VOSviewer 1.6.13 was used to explore the bibliometric networks and research priorities of the DNP dissertations.ResultsA total of 4989 DNP dissertations from 90 universities were included in this study, all from the United States. The number of DNP dissertations showed an upward trend, with steady growth from 2005 to 2014 and rapid growth after 2015. The DNP studies focused on five areas: health care management in clinical nursing, advanced practice in nursing education and health education, public health problems, mental health care for adolescents and nurses and the older people care and long‐term care.ConclusionParallel to the numerical increase in DNP dissertations is a steady expansion in the range of research topics and scopes, which is aligned with specific specializations of the DNP. Many are interdisciplinary and employ techniques imported from the fields of public health, psychology and social sciences, resulting in nursing educators and practitioners continually broaden their subject perspectives.ImpactKnowing where, when and why DNP research trends developed will help nursing educators to further develop DNP education and optimize DNP programs in the future, such as paying more attention to the nursing practice. Moreover, this study will inspire DNP students and researchers to expand their subject perspectives and broaden the research scope to solve nursing practice problems based on interdisciplinary theories and methods.
Non‐generally accepted accounting principles disclosures and audit committee chairs’ external directorships
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Hsun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI examine the relation between the quality of non‐generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) earnings disclosures and the number of external directorships held by a firm's independent audit committee chair (ACC). I find that firms with ACCs holding more external directorships provide higher quality non‐GAAP disclosures than those who do not hold outside board positions. When the ACC has at least one external directorship, the firm's non‐GAAP exclusions are more transitory, indicating that they are of higher quality. In addition, when the ACC has at least one external directorship, non‐GAAP exclusions that are incremental to those excluded by analysts are smaller in magnitude and therefore are less aggressive. Overall, the results suggest that the number of external directorships ACCs holds plays an important role in firms’ non‐GAAP disclosures. The results are consistent with a reputation cost perspective, where ACCs with more external directorships face higher reputation concerns from having more to lose, resulting in stronger monitoring and thus higher quality non‐GAAP disclosures.
Imipramine impedes glioma progression by inhibiting YAP as a Hippo pathway independent manner and synergizes with temozolomide
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Xiang , Wang Xu , Wu Di , Qi Ji , Zhang Yu , Wang Kai , Zhou Ding , Meng Qing‐Ming , Nie Er , Wang Qiang , Yu Ru‐Tong , Zhou Xiu‐Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatients with malignant glioma often suffered from depression, which leads to an increased risk of detrimental outcomes. Imipramine, an FDA‐approved tricyclic antidepressant, has been commonly used to relieve depressive symptoms in the clinic. Recently, imipramine has been reported to participate in the suppression of tumour progression in several human cancers, including prostate cancer, colon cancer and lymphomas. However, the effect of imipramine on malignant glioma is largely unclear. Here, we show that imipramine significantly retarded proliferation of immortalized and primary glioma cells. Mechanistically, imipramine suppressed tumour proliferation by inhibiting yes‐associated protein (YAP), a recognized oncogene in glioma, independent of Hippo pathway. In addition to inhibiting YAP transcription, imipramine also promoted the subcellular translocation of YAP from nucleus into cytoplasm. Consistently, imipramine administration significantly reduced orthotopic tumour progression and prolonged survival of tumour‐bearing mice. Moreover, exogenous overexpression of YAP partially restored the inhibitory effect of imipramine on glioma progression. Most importantly, compared with imipramine or temozolomide (TMZ) monotherapy, combination therapy with imipramine and TMZ exhibited enhanced inhibitory effect on glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the synergism of both agents. In conclusion, we found that tricyclic antidepressant imipramine impedes glioma progression by inhibiting YAP. In addition, combination therapy with imipramine and TMZ may potentially serve as promising anti‐glioma regimens, thus predicting a broad prospect of clinical application.
Percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy for trigeminal neuralgia: Postoperative MRI findings
Authors: Gurbani Saumya S. , Brandman David M. , Reeves Christopher , Boulis Nicholas M. , Weinberg Brent D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposePercutaneous trigeminal tractotomy is an ablative procedure that can be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia in patients who have failed prior pharmacologic and surgical treatments. Using perioperative computed tomography (CT) guidance, ablation of the descending spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal tract can be performed precisely to mitigate damage to surrounding structures. These patients are subsequently followed with postoperative imaging and clinical visits to assess long‐term pain relief.MethodsIn this report, we present a series of four patients with trigeminal neuralgia who were had refractory disease after prior medical and surgical interventions. These patients underwent CT‐guided percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy for pain relief. The patients underwent postoperative MRI and were followed for up to 6 months for long‐term clinical outcomes.ResultsFor intraoperative CT, we find that preprocedure lumbar contrast injection enables better visualization of the cord during placement of the ablation probe. On postoperative imaging, we find that all four patients have hyperintense lesions on T2‐weighted MRI that correspond with the location of the trigeminal nucleus and tract. Three patients had short‐term pain relief, one of which continued to have long‐term relief.ConclusionIntraoperative CT and postoperative MRI serve as useful modalities for confirming localization, evaluating complications, and can be used as a metric for quality control.
Admissions due to vaccine preventable diseases in a large paediatric intensive care unit in Greece over a 10‐year period
Authors: Kazantzi Maria , Prapa Marilena , Christakou Eleni , Paraschou Dimitra , Kalabalikis Panagiotis , Barbaressou Charikleia , Papaevangelou Vassiliki 
Published: September 2021

AimChildhood immunisation is an important preventive measure. However, care givers may delay routine immunisations or seek exemptions from state vaccine mandates. Vaccine refusal creates barriers on vaccine coverage and leads to morbidity and mortality.MethodsOur study reviews morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in a large paediatric intensive care unit in Greece over a 10‐year period.ResultsDuring the study period, 73 cases of VPDs were recorded, corresponding to 3.5% of total paediatric intensive care unit admissions. Influenza was the most prevalent VPD, followed by pneumococcal disease, measles, pertussis and meningococcal disease. Most patients (83.3%) were unvaccinated for the admission's VPD. Outcome was unfavourable for 31.9% of the patients (17 children died, 6 developed chronic impairment).ConclusionAbsent or incomplete vaccination may result in serious morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases. Strengthening vaccination strategies are needed to improve individual protection as well as herd immunity.
Skin masses in dogs under one year of age
Authors: Kim D. , Dobromylskyj M. J. , O'Neill D. , Smith K. C. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo utilise a large histopathology database to ascertain the incidence and nature of skin masses in young dogs from 0 to 12 months of age.Materials and MethodsA total of 2554 submissions received for histopathology from dogs 0 to 12 months of age, clinically diagnosed with a skin mass between 2006 and 2013, were retrieved from the database of a large commercial diagnostic laboratory. The histological diagnosis and site of the lesion, together with age, breed and sex of the dog were recorded.ResultsThe most common skin mass found in this study was histiocytoma (n=2212, 86.6%). The majority of all submissions were neoplastic (n=2408, 94.3%), and most of those were benign (n=2372, 98.5%). Almost all of the benign neoplastic lesions were of round cell origin (n=2229, 94.0%) whereas most of the non‐neoplastic lesions were derived from the epithelium (n=136, 93.8%). The five most commonly diagnosed skin masses in young dogs were histiocytoma, papilloma, dermoid cyst, follicular cyst and mast cell tumour. A male predisposition was shown for histiocytoma (odds ratio 1.72) and mast cell tumour (odds ratio 2.18) with a strong site predilection for the limb region (30.8% and 27.8% respectively). Dermoid cysts and follicular cysts were most commonly found in the skin of the abdomen (64.7% and 52.3% respectively) with boxers being predisposed (25.9% of dermoid cyst and 25.0% of follicular cyst).Clinical SignificanceA large proportion of skin mass submissions in young dogs were neoplastic and benign. Also, the most common skin mass in young dogs was found to be histiocytoma. Tumours can occur in this age group and should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis also in young patients presenting with a skin mass.
Animal source foods, rich in essential amino acids, are important for linear growth and development of young children in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Parikh Panam , Semba Richard , Manary Mark , Swaminathan Sumathi , Udomkesmalee Emorn , Bos Rolf , Poh Bee Koon , Rojroongwasinkul Nipa , Geurts Jan , Sekartini Rini , Nga Tran Thuy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGrowth faltering under 5 years of age is unacceptably high worldwide, and even more children, while not stunted, fail to reach their growth potential. The time between conception and 2 years of age is critical for development. The period from 6 to 23 months, when complementary foods are introduced, coincides with a time when growth faltering and delayed neurocognitive developments are most common. Fortunately, this is also the period when diet exercises its greatest influence. Growing up in an adverse environment, with a deficient diet, as typically seen in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), hampers growth and development of children and prevents them from realising their full developmental and economic future potential. Sufficient nutrient availability and utilisation are paramount to a child's growth and development trajectory, especially in the period after breastfeeding. This review highlights the importance of essential amino acids (EAAs) in early life for linear growth and, likely, neurocognitive development. The paper further discusses signalling through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as one of the main amino acid (AA)‐sensing hubs and the master regulator of both growth and neurocognitive development. Children in LMICs, despite consuming sufficient total protein, do not meet their EAA requirements due to poor diet diversity and low‐quality dietary protein. AA deficiencies in early life can cause reductions in linear growth and cognition. Ensuring AA adequacy in diets, particularly through inclusion of nutrient‐dense animal source foods from 6 to 23 months, is strongly encouraged in LMICs in order to compensate for less than optimal growth during complementary feeding.