bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Serum Infliximab Levels in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: deBruyn Jennifer C. C. , Jacobson Kevan , El-Matary Wael , Wine Eytan , Carroll Matthew W. , Goedhart Caitlin , Panaccione Remo , Wrobel Iwona T. , Huynh Hien Q. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Data on serum infliximab concentrations during induction in pediatric ulcerative colitis are limited. The study aim is to evaluate the relationship between serum infliximab concentrations during induction and short-term clinical remission in children with ulcerative colitis.Methods: We carried out a prospective, multi-center cohort study in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. Serum infliximab concentrations were collected at peak dose #1, week 1, trough pre-dose #2, and trough pre-dose #3. Infliximab dosing was left to investigator discretion. Clinical remission was defined by pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index &lt;10 at week 8.Results: Twenty-four of thirty-four subjects (71%) achieved clinical remission at week 8. The median infliximab concentrations were 33.0 μg/mL (interquartile range: 26.5–52.1 μg/mL) pre-dose #2 and 22.5 μg/mL (interquartile range:15.9–32.3 μg/mL) pre-dose #3. Trough pre-dose #2 infliximab concentration yielded area under receiver operator characteristic curve 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9 in predicting week 8 clinical remission; a cut-off of 33.0 μg/mL yielded 62.5% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity. Trough pre-dose #3 infliximab concentrations were lower for subjects &lt;10 years compared to ≥ 10 years [median 15.9 μg/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 8.5–21.8 μg/mL vs. 27.7 μg/mL, IQR 17.2–46.7 μg/mL, p = 0.01] and correlated with baseline weight (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.45, p = 0.01). The median half-life following first IFX dose was 6.04 days (IQR 5.3–7.9 days).Conclusions: Infliximab concentrations ≥33 μg/mL prior to the second dose were associated with week 8 clinical remission. As young age and low body weight impact infliximab concentration, prospective studies with proactive adjustment in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis should be carried out. Clinicians caring for children with UC should diligently adjust and monitor infliximab to optimize response.
Re-evaluating Renal Angina Index: An Authentic, Evidence-Based Instrument for Acute Kidney Injury Assessment: Critical Appraisal
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Sethi Sidharth Kumar , Mawby Isabelle , Datla Nikhil , Kumar Nikhita , Agarwal Nirav , Tibrewal Abhishek , Chakraborty Ronith 
Published: July 2021

Background/Introduction: Renal angina index (RAI) used to calculate and accurately predict risk for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been heavily explored. AKI is traditionally diagnosed by an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) concentration or oliguria, both of which are neither specific nor sensitive, especially among children. An RAI score may be calculated by combining objective signs of kidney dysfunction (such as SCr) and patient context, such as AKI risk factors, thus potentially serving as a more accurate indicator for AKI.Objective: Due to the propitious and novel nature of RAI, this editorial commentary aims to analyze the current literature on RAI and determine how well RAI serves as a predictor of AKI outcomes.Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar between January 2012 and July 2020. Literature included the prognostic aspect of early prediction of AKI in the pediatric and adult population via RAI.Results: The initial literature search included 149 studies, and a total of 10 studies reporting the outcomes of interest were included. The overall sample size across these studies was 11,026. The predictive ability of RAI had a pooled (95% CI) sensitivity of 79.21%, specificity of 73.22%, and negative predictive value of 94.83%.Conclusion: RAI shows benefit in the prediction of AKI among adult and pediatric populations. However, there is a lack of sufficient data, and further prospective studies are needed in pediatric populations to use RAI as a principal AKI indicator among clinicians.
Clinical Evidence-Guided Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis Study of Shuji Tablet in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats and Mechanism Exploration via Network Pharmacological Approach
Authors: Dai Weibo , Yang Jing , Cao Haili , Wang Zhuqiang , Li Guangru , Zhong Xiwen , Peng Weiwen , Chen Chang , Liu Xin , Zeng Congyan , Hu Xianjing 
Published: July 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of chronic autoimmune disease with several tissues damaged. Shuji tablet (SJT) is a prescription approved for treating lumbago and leg pain in the clinic. However, the efficacy of SJT against RA is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SJT on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and explore the mechanism via a network pharmacological approach.Methods: AIA rats were treated with SJT for 30 days at the dosages of 3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 g/kg, respectively, and the anti-RA effect was determined by measuring paw swelling, systemic symptoms score, arthritis index, and histopathological change. ELISA assay was used to evaluate the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum. The mechanism exploration and target prediction of SJT against RA were performed via a network pharmacological approach.Results: SJT showed excellent alleviation on AIA rats, with evidence of reducing paws swelling, decreasing systemic symptoms score, and arthritis index. Furthermore, SJT significantly reduced the serum cytokines of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α in AIA rats. Histopathological examination showed SJT remarkably reduced synovial hyperplasia, cartilage damage, and inflammatory infiltration in the secondary-side paws. According to network pharmacological analysis, 208 candidate compounds and 445 potential targets of SJT were identified, and 4465 RA therapy-related targets were searched out. Subsequently, 292 target genes of SJT were speculated to be associated with RA treatment, among which the top 5 “response values” targets were STAT3, AKT1, JUN, HSP90AA1, TNF. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that 45 signaling pathways were associating with SJT treating RA. The top 10 signaling pathways were PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AGE-RAGE pathway in diabetic complications, Ras, HIF-1, TNF, Chemokine, IL-17, FoxO, and Rap1.Conclusion: Our experimental study showed that SJT significantly alleviated rheumatoid arthritis of AIA rats. Network pharmacology showed that the key targets of SJT against RA probably were STAT3, AKT1, JUN, HSP90AA1, TNF, and the potential mechanism was associated with modulation on the signaling pathways of PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras, AGE-RAGE, HIF-1, TNF, chemokine, IL-17, FoxO, Rap 1. Our study strongly provides evidence for Shuji tablet in RA therapy and would enlarge its application in the clinic.
The Controversy About the Effects of Different Doses of Corticosteroid Treatment on Clinical Outcomes for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Yang Jia-Wei , Jiang Ping , Wang Wen-Wen , Wen Zong-Mei , Mao Bei , Lu Hai-Wen , Zhang Li , Song Yuan-Lin , Xu Jin-Fu 
Published: July 2021

Background: Corticosteroid usage in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. We aim to explore the correlation between the different doses of corticosteroid administration and the prognosis of ARDS.Methods: All patients were diagnosed with ARDS on initial hospital admission and received systemic corticosteroid treatment for ARDS. The main outcomes were the effects of corticosteroid treatment on clinical parameters and the mortality of ARDS patients. Secondary outcomes were factors associated with the mortality of ARDS patients.Results: 105 ARDS patients were included in this study. Corticosteroid treatment markedly decreased serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) level (424.0 ± 32.19 vs. 290.2 ± 17.14; p = 0.0003) and improved arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) (174.10 ± 65.28 vs. 255.42 ± 92.49; p &lt; 0.0001). The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score (16.15 ± 4.41 vs. 14.88 ± 4.57, p = 0.042) decreased significantly on the seventh day after systemic corticosteroid treatment. Interestingly, the serum IL-18 decreased significantly (304.52 ± 286.00 vs. 85.85 ± 97.22, p &lt; 0.0001), whereas the improvement of PaO2/FiO2 (24.78 ± 35.03 vs. 97.17 ± 44.82, p &lt; 0.001) was inconspicuous after systemic corticosteroid treatment for non-survival patients, compared with survival patients. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model revealed, when equivalent methylprednisolone usage was 146.5 mg/d, it had the best sensitivity and specificity to predict the death of ARDS. Survival analysis by Kaplan–Meier curves presented the higher 45-day mortality in high-dose corticosteroid treatment group (logrank test p &lt; 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that serum IL-18 level, APACHE II score, D-dimer, and high-dose corticosteroid treatment were associated with the death of ARDS.Conclusion: Appropriate dose of corticosteroids may be beneficial for ARDS patients through improving the oxygenation and moderately inhibiting inflammatory response. The benefits and risks should be carefully weighed when using high-dose corticosteroid for ARDS.Trial registration: This work was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Name of the registry: Corticosteroid Treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Trial registration number: NCT02819453. URL of trial registry record: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
Long-Term Outcomes After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Does Pre-arrest Skeletal Muscle Depletion Matter?
Authors: Hong Seok-In , Kim Kyung Won , Ko Yousun , Kim Youn-Jung , Huh Jin Won , Hong Sang-Bum , Kim Won Young 
Published: July 2021

Background: Skeletal muscle depletion is prevalent in elderly patients and is associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with chronic diseases. However, the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and neurological outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle status before cardiac arrest is an independent factor affecting neurological outcomes in patients with IHCA.Methods: We reviewed a prospectively enrolled registry of IHCA patients. Consecutive adult patients (&gt;18 years) admitted to a tertiary care hospital from 2013 to 2019 were included in the study. Of these, 421 patients who underwent abdominopelvic computed tomography within 3 months of cardiac arrest were included. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured at the third lumbar vertebra, and skeletal muscle depletion was defined using sex- and body mass index-specific cutoffs of SMI. The primary outcome was a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2 at 6 months after cardiac arrest, which was considered a good neurological outcome.Results: Of the 421 patients, 248 (58.9%) had skeletal muscle depletion before IHCA. The patients without skeletal muscle depletion showed significantly better neurological outcomes at 6 months after cardiac arrest than those with pre-arrest muscle depletion (20.8 vs. 10.9%, p = 0.004). The absence of skeletal muscle depletion was significantly associated with good neurological outcomes in a multivariable logistic analysis (OR = 3.49, 95% confidence intervals: 1.83–6.65, p &lt; 0.001), along with the absence of diabetes, presence of active cancer, shockable rhythm, and short resuscitation duration.Conclusion: Pre-arrest skeletal muscle depletion was associated with long-term mortality and poor neurological outcomes after IHCA. Skeletal muscle depletion may be used as a tool to identify at-risk patients who may benefit from aggressive treatments.
Bullying in the Russian Secondary School: Predictive Analysis of Victimization
Authors: Avanesian Garen , Dikaya Liudmila , Bermous Alexander , Kochkin Sergey , Kirik Vladimir , Egorova Valeria , Abkadyrova Irina 
Published: July 2021

Background: Bullying has been recognized as an important risk factor for personal development in adolescence. Although numerous studies report high prevalence of bullying in Russian schools, limited research was based on the large-scale, nationally representative analysis, which highlights the lack of findings applicable to the national context.Objective: This study aims to address the following research questions: (1) What is the bullying victimization prevalence in Russian secondary schools? (2) What is the socio-demographic profile of the bullying victims? (3) To what extent do learning outcomes in core subject domains predict bullying? (4) How does psychological climate at school affect the occurrence of bullying? (5) Which emotional states do bullying victims typically display? (6) Which psychosocial traits are the most common for bullying victims?Data and Methods: The study adopts the statistical analysis of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data in Russia. The final sample consists of 6,249 children aged 15 years who answered the bullying questions. K-means clustering approach was adopted to identify schoolchildren who should be classified as bullying victims amongst those who have reported bullying. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability change of bullying under different psychosocial factors and examine the effect of bullying on the emotional states of the victims.Results: The results of the study reveal that 16% of children are victims of bullying in the Russian secondary school. Bullying is strongly associated with learning outcomes in reading, thus outlining that low performers are at risk of severe victimization. Bullying is also contingent on the psychological climate and tends to develop more frequently in a competitive environment. The findings outline that bullying increases negative feelings such as misery, sadness, and life dissatisfaction amongst its victims, making a substantial footprint on their lives. Logically, bullying victims are less likely to feel happy and joyful. Finally, it was revealed that bullying victims do not tend to share negative attitudes to the per se, which identifies directions for future research in this domain.Implications: Instead of dealing with the consequences of bullying, prevention strategies should aim at facilitating a positive environment at school, thus addressing the problem.
Reading, Conducting, and Developing Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analyses in Psychiatry for Treatment Issues
Authors: Younes Nadia , Claude Laurie-Anne , Paoletti Xavier 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs) include the raw data from relevant randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and involve secondary analyses of the data. Performed since the late 1990s, ~50 such meta-analyses have been carried out in psychiatry, mostly in the field of treatment. IPD-MAs are particularly relevant for three objectives: (1) evaluation of the average effect of an intervention by combining effects from all included trials, (2) evaluation of the heterogeneity of an intervention effect and sub-group analyses to approach personalised psychiatry, (3) mediation analysis or surrogacy evaluation to replace a clinical (final) endpoint for the evaluation of new treatments with intermediate or surrogate endpoints. The objective is to describe the interest and the steps of an IPD-MA method applied to the field of psychiatric therapeutic research.Method: The method is described in three steps. First, the identification of the relevant trials with an explicit description of the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the RCT to be incorporated in the IPD-MA and a definition of the intervention, the population, the context and the relevant points (outcomes or moderators). Second, the data management with the standardisation of collected variables and the evaluation and the assessment of the risk-of-bias for each included trial and of the global risk. Third, the statistical analyses and their interpretations, depending on the objective of the meta-analysis. All steps are illustrated with examples in psychiatry for treatment issues, excluding study protocols.Conclusion: The meta-analysis of individual patient data is challenging. Only strong collaborations between all stakeholders can make such a process efficient. An “ecosystem” that includes all stakeholders (questions of interest prioritised by the community, funders, trialists, journal editors, institutions, …) is required. International medical societies can play a central role in favouring the emergence of such communities.
Do Social Pension Schemes Promote the Mental Health of Rural Middle-Aged and Old Residents? Evidence From China
Authors: Pan Guochen , Li Shaobin , Geng Zhixiang , Zhan Kai 
Published: July 2021

As China experiences rapid aging, the mental health of older rural adults has become a major public health concern. Among other social insurance programs, the New Rural Social Pension (NRSP) scheme was established to replace part of the income for old-age rural residents in China. This article employs survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018 to investigate the impact of a pension on depression in middle-aged and old residents. Our results show that the pension scheme not only reduces the depressive symptoms of the rural residents but keeps down the prevalence rate of depression. Among the subscribers of the pension scheme, the pensioners benefit more from enrolling in the pension scheme than the contributors in terms of depression alleviation. The impact of pension on depression displays heterogeneity; female residents, residents in central China, and/or those from lower income households are found to be positively affected. It is also confirmed that a pension scheme contributes to easing depression via reduced labor supply, better family support, and more consumption expenditure.JEL Classification: H55, I18, I38.
A Five-Genes Based Diagnostic Signature for Sepsis-Induced ARDS
Authors: Xu Ning , Guo Hui , Li Xurui , Zhao Qian , Li Jianguo 
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent and serious complication of sepsis without specific and sensitive diagnostic signatures.Methods: The mRNA profiles, including 60 blood samples with sepsis-induced ARDS and 86 blood samples with sepsis alone, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differently expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by limma package of R language. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out using the clusterProfiler package of R. Eventually, multivariate logistic regression model was established through the glm function of R, and support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed via the e1071 package of R.Results: A total of 242 DEGs in GSE32707 and 102 DEGs in GSE66890 were identified. Notably, five genes exhibited significant differences between the two datasets and were considered to be closely associated with the occurrence of ARDS induced by sepsis. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis based on the DEGs showed there were 80 overlapped GO terms and one KEGG pathway which were significantly enriched in the two datasets. The logistic regression model and SVM model constructed could efficiently distinguish sepsis patients with or without ARDS.Conclusion: In brief, our study suggested that NKG7, SPTA1, FGL2, RGS2, and IFI27 might be potential diagnostic signatures for sepsis-induced ARDS, which contributed to the future exploration in mechanism of ARDS occurrence and development.
Sobrecarga dos cuidadores de idosos com demência: um estudo em um ambulatório de geriatria no sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Braga Roque Stella Marys , Xavier Braga Maicon Douglas , Gonçalves Araújo Matheus José Afonso , Alves Nogueira Mariana , Sales Tallisson Matheus , Alves Barbosa Teles Mariza 
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A população está envelhecendo. Com isso, há o aumento de doenças crônicas, dentre elas a doença de Alzheimer, uma demência neurodegenerativa caracterizada pela perda progressiva de autonomia. O esgotamento físico e mental do cuidador é resultante do frequente ato de cuidar e pode acarretar também problemas emocionais, sociais, financeiros e burnout. Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores de idosos com demência, em um centro de referência para idosos no Sudeste do Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, transversal realizada no período de agosto a outubro de 2019, com 110 cuidadores de idosos com demência, por meio de uma amostra por conveniência. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados um roteiro de entrevista e para avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores foi a escala de Zarit. Resultados: Os cuidadores, em sua maioria, eram do sexo feminino (87,3%), casadas (53,3%), com mais de oito anos de estudo 62 (56,4%), filho(a) do idoso: 81 (73,6%), com tempo de cuidado entre 0-3 anos: 59 (53,6%), com 20-24 horas de dedicação diária de cuidados: 51 (46,4%) e possuíam média de idade de 50,6 anos (DP±11,00 anos). Na avaliação da escala de Zarit, os participantes apresentaram sobrecarga moderada com média de 23,0 (DP ± 12,13). Conclusão: Nesse sentido, é importante que sejam implementadas ações nos serviços de saúde que funcionem como suporte aos cuidadores de idosos com demência, a fim de os auxiliarem no enfrentamento das atividades diáras ao idoso, minimizando, asssim a sobrecarga vivenciada por eles.
The Identification of Potential Rafting Tourism Products in Citepok Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province
Authors: Nurlaila Satriani Siti , Susanto Eko , Afgani Kurnia Fajar 
Published: July 2021

Sumedang Regency is a natural, historical and cultural tourist destination. There are still many tourism potentials that have not been built and developed optimally. The natural resources of the Sumedang regency in rivers can be used as unique interest tourism resources, namely rafting. These resources can support the vision and mission of tourism in Sumedang regency who want to build their territory as a natural, historical and cultural tourism destination and special interests that are well known both nationally and internationally. To find out the potential of research conducted with the title Of Analysis of Tourism Product Potential in Sumedang Regency. The method of research conducted is qualitative. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, documentation and library studies. While the data analysis techniques used are descriptive. The results showed that, especially in the Cipeles river, Citepok village could develop rafting tourism products. The unique attraction of the Cipeles river is that the river flow is in grade 2 rafting path and a line flanked by beautiful rock cliffs. Tourist facilities such as inns and restaurants are adequate. Additional services such as financial, security, health and rafting services are available around Citepok village.
Photoluminescence and scintillation characteristics of (C6H5C
n
H2n
NH3)2PbBr4 (n = 2, 3, 4)
Authors: Nagaoka Ryo , Kawano Naoki , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kimura Hiromi , Akatsuka Masaki , Yanagida Takayuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We prepared crystals of (C6H5C
n
H2n
NH3)2PbBr4 (n = 2, 3, 4), and evaluated their photoluminescence and scintillation characteristics. According to the photoluminescence spectra under 340 nm excitation light, a photoluminescence peak at around 410 nm due to free exciton emissions appeared in (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbBr4 (2PEA), (C6H5C3H6NH3)2PbBr4 (3PPA) and (C6H5C4H8NH3)2PbBr4 (4PBA). The quantum efficiencies of 2PEA, 3PPA and 4PBA were 0.24, 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. In scintillation, a sharp scintillation peak originating from the exciton emissions was detected at approximately 436 nm for 2PEA, 459 nm for 3PPA and 442 nm for 4PBA. In addition, the scintillation light yield of 4PBA under 59.5 keV gamma-ray irradiation from 241Am was determined to be approximately 2200 photons MeV−1 in comparison with the yield of 2PEA (14 000 photons MeV−1), whereas the yield of 3PPA could not be determined due to its low scintillation intensity.