bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the structural and optical properties of samarium β‐diketonate complex incorporated electrospun poly(methylmethacrylate) nanofibres with different architectures
Authors: Philip Princy , Jose Tomlal , Jose Adon , Cherian Shijo K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectrospinning is the most favourable method for production of polymer nanofibres. In this study, we prepared a samarium β‐diketonate complex that incorporated pure, surface‐roughened and coaxial hollow poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibres through electrospinning. The successful incorporation of this samarium complex into the PMMA nanofibres with different architectures was elucidated through various structural and morphological studies. Optical investigations as well as other characterization techniques for the pure, surface‐roughened and coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibres before and after incorporating the samarium β‐diketonate complex explained the host matrix nature of the PMMA nanofibres. Photoluminescence properties of the pure and structurally modified PMMA nanofibres were enhanced two or three times after incorporating the samarium complex into the fibre. Comparison of the optical properties between the pure and structurally modified PMMA nanofibres incorporating the samarium β‐diketonate complex demonstrated the structural and optical improvements as well as the better host matrix nature of the surface‐roughened and coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibres over pure PMMA nanofibres for the samarium β‐diketonate complex. These optical enhancements make these materials applicable for various optical devices.
Synthesis and characterization of a Eu3+‐activated Ba2–xV2O7:xEu3+ phosphor using a hydrothermal method: a potential material for near‐UV‐WLED applications
Authors: Venkatesh Bharathi N. , Jeyakumaran T. , Ramaswamy S. , Jayabalakrishnan S.S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEu3+‐activated Ba2V2O7 (Ba2–xV2O7:xEu3+) phosphor materials were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and different concentrations of europium (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05%). Phase purity, structural, morphological, optical, and luminescence characteristics of the as‐synthesized phosphors were studied using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectrometry. The recorded XRD patterns of the as‐synthesized phosphors were indexed and predicted to be a triclinic structure. A cube‐like morphology was obtained for the as‐prepared samples. Broad absorption in the UV region from 200 nm to 380 nm was observed and the good transparency in the visible region at 400–800 nm originated from the [VO4]3− group charge transfer (CT) transition. The broad emission peak centred at 499 nm was due to the CT band of the [VO4]3− group. Also, a sharp peak observed at 613 nm was due to the electric dipole transition of 5D0→7F2 of Eu3+ ions that occupied the lattice sites without inversion symmetry for all concentrations. The colour qualities of the as‐prepared samples were calculated using Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates. The colour‐rending index (CRI) value was 86 for the Ba1.97V2O7:0.03Eu3+ phosphor. Furthermore, a WLED with a high CRI value of 95 was achieved by coupling the 3 W 356 nm near‐UV light‐emitting diode (LED) chip with the Ba2–xV2O7:xEu3+ phosphor. These results suggested that the as‐prepared phosphor materials are potential candidates for fabrication of near‐UV chip excited WLEDs.
Metabolite profiling of IMID‐2, a novel anticancer molecule of piperazine derivative: In silico prediction, in vitro and in vivo metabolite characterization using UPLC–QTOF–MS/MS
Authors: Panday Niraj Kumar , Thakkar Disha , Patel Sagarkumar , Shard Amit , Sengupta Pinaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIMID‐2, a newly identified piperazine‐based anticancer molecule, has been shown to be cytotoxic against various cancer cell lines. The primary aim of this research was to identify and characterize possible metabolites of the molecule formed during biotransformation. A metabolite identification study was first executed using an in silico tool to predict the possible metabolism sites of IMID‐2. Thereafter, metabolites generated in vitro (rat liver microsomes, rat S9 fractions and human liver microsomes) and in vivo (rat plasma, urine and feces) were identified and characterized employing UPLC–QTOF–MS/MS. A total of eight metabolites, among which were six in phase I and two in phase II reactions, were recognized. The plausible structure of the metabolites and probable metabolic pathway have been established based on the mass fragmentation pattern, mass ppm error, ring double bond calculation and nitrogen rule. The majority of phase I metabolites were generated by N‐oxidation, hydroxylation, oxidative deamination followed by reduction, oxidative dechlorination, N‐dearylation, and N‐dealkylation. Glucuronidation played a significant role in the formation of phase II metabolites of the molecule.
Chemical Biology Tools To Investigate Malaria Parasites
Authors: Broichhagen Johannes , Kilian Nicole 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParasitic diseases like malaria tropica have been shaping human evolution and history since the beginning of mankind. After infection, the response of the human host ranges from asymptomatic to severe and may culminate in death. Therefore, proper examination of the parasite's biology is pivotal to deciphering unique molecular, biochemical and cell biological processes, which in turn ensure the identification of treatment strategies, such as potent drug targets and vaccine candidates. However, implementing molecular biology methods for genetic manipulation proves to be difficult for many parasite model organisms. The development of fast and straightforward applicable alternatives, for instance small‐molecule probes from the field of chemical biology, is essential. In this review, we will recapitulate the highlights of previous molecular and chemical biology approaches that have already created insight and understanding of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We discuss current developments from the field of chemical biology and explore how their application could advance research into this parasite in the future. We anticipate that the described approaches will help to close knowledge gaps in the biology of P. falciparum and we hope that researchers will be inspired to use these methods to gain knowledge – with the aim of ending this devastating disease.
Nicorandil‐induced colovesical fistula in a patient with diverticular disease
Authors: Noyes James D. , Mordi Ify R. , Zeb Qaiser , Lang Chim C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNicorandil's adverse effects can cause severe patient morbidity and can present to any specialty. Those with underlying diverticular disease are most susceptible. Medication reviews are vital for patients presenting with ulcer or fistula symptoms.
A prevertebral desmoplastic fibroblastoma presenting with sleep‐related breathing dysfunction
Authors: Bielak Cezary , Ahmed Jake , Atif Tehreem , Nair Uma , Arya Arvind , Zeitoun Hisham , Thomas Ligy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesmoplastic fibromas exceedingly rarely present in the retro/parapharyngeal space but should be considered in differential diagnosis for benign lumps in these anatomical regions.
Reactivation cytomegalovirus leading to acute myocardial infarction—A first reported case in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Yousaf Zohaib , Albaz Nadeen , Abdelmajid Alaaedin A. , Sabobeh Taher , Elzouki Abdel‐Naser 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in immunocompetent patients may lead to increase morbidity and mortality. A clinical suspicion allows timely diagnosis, treatment, and favorable outcome. In a subject without apparent risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), CMV can be a possibility.
Pericecal fossa strangulated internal hernia
Authors: Seretis Charalampos , Katz Christian , Ahmed Aftab , Palit Amitabh , Piramanayagam Balasubramaniam , Marimuthu Kalimuthu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPericecal fossa internal hernias are a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, and high clinical suspicion is required to diagnose them.
Wärmeübertragung im durchströmten Kreisrohr – Erzwungene laminare Strömung
Authors: Zehner Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie einschlägig bekannten Gleichungen für die lokalen Nusselt‐Zahlen Nu(x) wurden neu interpretiert. Durch deren Integration wurden einfache Gleichungen unter konsequenter Einhaltung von Gültigkeitsgrenzen für die mittleren Nu‐Zahlen hergeleitet. Mit diesen ist es möglich, die Temperaturabhängigkeit von Stoffdaten gezielt zu berücksichtigen. Die hergeleiteten Korrekturfaktoren zeigen die unterschiedlichen Einflüsse von Viskosität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit und spezifischer Wärmekapazität auf. Die als Korrektiv üblicherweise verwendete Prandtl‐Zahl Pr hält theoretischen Überlegungen nicht stand. Außerdem wurden in Abhängigkeit von den Betriebsbedingungen – wie Gegen‐ oder Gleichstrom – die Auswirkungen einer nicht konstanten Wandtemperatur mathematisch erfasst.
Diastereodivergent Hydrosilylative Enyne Cyclization Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Ni(0)†
Authors: Yu Meng , Yong Xuefeng , Gao Weiwei , Ho Chun‐Yu 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionCatalytic diastereodivergent hydrosilylative enyne cyclization with high generality and broad scope was achieved using electronic activated N‐heterocyclic carbene‐Ni(0) as a catalyst and R3SiH as silane (IPrCl, syn‐ : anti‐selectivity from up to 98 : 2 to 7 : 93 by Z = O, NH vs. NMs, R1 = n‐pentyl). Heterocycles bearing homoallylsilane rather than vinylsilane was obtained chemoselectively. The undesired yet highly competitive reactivity was suppressed, like direct hydrosilylation of alkene and alkyne concurrently. Optionally, the homoallylsilane products could be reduced further in one‐pot using IPrMe as ligand and (EtO)3SiH as silane under otherwise the same standard condition as the above, offering practical access to additional stereocenters and more diverse product structures from enynes.
Electric Field Driven Surface Ion Transport in Hydrophobic Nanopores†
Authors: Ding Xin‐Lei , Wu Zeng‐Qiang , Li Zhong‐Qiu , Xia Xing‐Hua 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionWater behavior in nanoconfined hydrophobic environment is different from that in the bulk, which greatly influences mass transport. Hydrophobicity switching of nanopores showing great potential for controlled water or ion transport has been realized through several methods, especially the voltage‐triggered wetting/dewetting inspired by biological ion channels. However, in the hydrophobic silanized nanopores, the finite ionic current is still observed and the ion transport mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we explore the ion transport behavior in the hydrophobic silanized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). Ion transport through this hydrophobic membrane is confirmed, although no aqueous pathway was observed. Results show that ions transport through the cross‐linked silane layer on the inner surface. It is revealed that metal ions, not just the protons or hydroxide ions, are involved in the ion transport driven by external electric field. This study provides a new insight into the ion transport in nanoconfined hydrophobic environment, which is helpful to understand the biological processes and design new nanofluidic devices.
Investigation of designers' colour selection process
Authors: Chen Yun , Yu Luwen , Westland Stephen , Cheung Vien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough many design process studies and design theories have been developed and presented, in reality designers have rarely followed standard rules. A design process is often more a form of personal self‐expression. The type of approach that designers use in their design work depends on their preference, experience, and education background. Therefore, this work focused on understanding the design process and the colour selection method by collecting data from designers and their design process with the aim to summarize a general colour selection method. This work employs a semi‐structured interview approach in a one‐to‐one interview format to investigate the process of design and collect their colour selection method. A total of 20 designers were interviewed from different design areas, working experience, age groups, cultural background, and workplace around Korea, China, South Africa, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. In the end, a three‐step‐method of colour selection was summarized and this highlighted the importance of colour association in the colour selection process.
Aβ misfolding in blood plasma measured by immuno‐infrared‐sensor as an age‐independent risk marker of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Möllers Tobias , Stocker Hannah , Perna Laura , Nabers Andreas , Rujescu Dan , Hartmann Annette M. , Holleczek Bernd , Schöttker Ben , Gerwert Klaus , Brenner Hermann 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDetermining potential risk factors of amyloid beta (Aβ) misfolding in blood, a risk marker for clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), could have important implications for its utility in future research and clinical settings.MethodsParticipants aged 50 to 75 years attending a general health examination were recruited for a prospective community‐based cohort study in Saarland, Germany, in 2000 to 2002. For these analyses, participants with available Aβ misfolding measurements and clinical AD information at 17‐year follow‐up were included (n = 444).ResultsAge did not show any association with Aβ misfolding in plasma; however, a strong association of both age and Aβ misfolding with the incidence of clinical AD was evident. Education and cardiovascular diseases were likewise not associated with Aβ misfolding.DiscussionStructural measurement of Aβ misfolding in blood plasma is an age‐independent risk marker of clinical AD among older adults, supporting that risk of clinical AD is already largely determined before older adulthood.
Growth patterns of the pan‐European freshwater mussel, Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia: Unionidae), vary with sex and mortality in populations
Authors: Müller Tomasz , Labecka Anna Maria , Zając Katarzyna , Czarnoleski Marcin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Post‐maturation growth leading to indeterminate growth patterns is widespread in nature. However, its adaptive value is unclear. Life history theory suggests this allocation strategy may be favored by temporal pulses in the intensity of mortality and/or the capacity to produce new tissues.

Addressing the origin of indeterminate growth and the variability of growth patterns, we studied the growth of duck mussels, Anodonta anatina, a pan‐European unionid, in 18 Polish lakes. For each population, the sex, size, and age of collected mussels were measured to estimate Bertalanffy's growth curve parameters. We integrated information on A. anatina mortality rates, lake trophy, biofouling by zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, and the prevalence of parasitic trematode larvae to identify selective conditions in lakes.

We found two sources of mortality in A. anatina populations, pertaining to adverse effects of zebra mussel biofouling and trophy state on mussel survival. Additionally, populations with heavier biofouling presented a smaller abundance of parasites, indicative of a relationship between filtering intensity and contraction of water‐borne trematode larvae by filtering A. anatina.

Consistently for each sex, populations with a greater trophy‐related mortality were characterized in A. anatina by a smaller asymptotic size Lmax, indicative of a life history response to mortality risk involving early maturation at a smaller body size. In all populations, females featured higher mortality and larger asymptotic size versus males.

Our findings support a theoretical view that adaptive responses to selection involve adjustments in the lifetime resource allocation patterns. These adjustments should be considered drivers of the origin of indeterminate growth strategy in species taking parental care by offspring brooding in body cavities.
Why do women support socio‐economic systems that favour men more? A registered test of system justification‐ and social identity‐inspired hope explanations
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma Kevin , Caricati Luca , Rubin Mark , Matos Andrea Soledad , Spears Russell 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhy do women support social and economic arrangements that disadvantage them? System justification theory (SJT) proposes that an autonomous system‐level motive is responsible for this tendency, beyond any group‐interested considerations (e.g., hope of future group advancement). The social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) disputes the existence of a unique system‐level motive and instead argues that hope of future group advancement can explain women's system‐justifying attitudes. Meta‐analyzed results from three experiments (Studies 1, N = 200; 2, N = 200; & 3, N = 700 women) revealed, consistent with SIMSA's social identity‐based explanation, that strongly identified women supported socio‐economic systems that historically favor men over women, mostly when they were hopeful about future gender equity. Contrary to SJT's system motive explanation, we did not find consistent evidence across the studies represented in our meta‐analysis that women were more supportive of socio‐economic realities that undercuts their group's interests when group motives were nonsalient.
A Bayesian hierarchically structured prior for rare‐variant association testing
Authors: Yang Yi , Basu Saonli , Zhang Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough genome‐wide association studies have been widely used to identify associations between complex diseases and genetic variants, standard single‐variant analyses often have limited power when applied to rare variants. To overcome this problem, set‐based methods have been developed with the aim of boosting power by borrowing strength from multiple rare variants. We propose the adaptive hierarchically structured variable selection (HSVS‐A) before test for association of rare variants in a set with continuous or dichotomous phenotypes and to estimate the effect of individual rare variants simultaneously. HSVS‐A has the flexibility to integrate a pairwise weighting scheme, which adaptively induces desirable correlations among variants of similar significance such that we can borrow information from potentially causal and noncausal rare variants to boost power. Simulation studies show that for both continuous and dichotomous phenotypes, HSVS‐A is powerful when there are multiple causal rare variants, either in the same or opposite direction of effect, with the presence of a large number of noncausal variants. We also apply HSVS‐A to the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Crohn's disease data for testing the association of Crohn's disease with rare variants in pathways. HSVS‐A identifies two pathways harboring novel protective rare variants for Crohn's disease.
Alterations in hippocampal subfield and amygdala subregion volumes in posttraumatic subjects with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Zhang Lianqing , Lu Lu , Bu Xuan , Li Hailong , Tang Shi , Gao Yingxue , Liang Kaili , Zhang Suming , Hu Xinyue , Wang Yanlin , Li Lei , Hu Xinyu , Lim Kelvin O , Gong Qiyong , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hippocampus and amygdala are important structures in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the exact relationship between these structures and stress or PTSD remains unclear. Moreover, they consist of several functionally distinct subfields/subregions that may serve different roles in the neuropathophysiology of PTSD. Here we present a subregional profile of the hippocampus and amygdala in 145 survivors of a major earthquake and 56 non‐traumatized healthy controls (HCs). We found that the bilateral hippocampus and left amygdala were significantly smaller in survivors than in HCs, and there was no difference between survivors with (n = 69) and without PTSD (trauma‐exposed controls [TCs], n = 76). Analyses revealed similar results in most subfields/subregions, except that the right hippocampal body (in a head‐body‐tail segmentation scheme), right presubiculum, and left amygdala medial nuclei (Me) were significantly larger in PTSD patients than in TCs but smaller than in HCs. Larger hippocampal body were associated with the time since trauma in PTSD patients. The volume of the right cortical nucleus (Co) was negatively correlated with the severity of symptoms in the PTSD group but positively correlated with the same measurement in the TC group. This correlation between symptom severity and Co volume was significantly different between the PTSD and TCs. Together, we demonstrated that generalized smaller volumes in the hippocampus and amygdala were more likely to be trauma‐related than PTSD‐specific, and their subfields/subregions were distinctively affected. Notably, larger left Me, right hippocampal body and presubiculum were PTSD‐specific; these could be preexisting factors for PTSD or reflect rapid posttraumatic reshaping.
A number’s game: Towards a solution to the policing of ringfenced COVID Hotspots
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIssued addressedCOVID‐19 has highlighted the disruptive, cross‐sectorial effects a sudden‐onset pandemic has on a globally interconnected world. The control of community transmission requires the identification and isolation of hotspots, commonly achieved through blanket measures or through ring‐fencing. A simpler and more readily policeable, and geographically more flexible system is needed that allows both law enforcement and the public to detect people moving outside the ringfenced areas.MethodsA narrative examination of the border closure between New South Wales and Victoria in June to September 2020.ResultsEnforcement of people's movement in and out of ring‐fenced areas relies on voluntary, ethical compliance coupled with legal prosecution of violators. Despite extensive community health promotion for COVID‐safe behaviour, the events of 2020 showed multiple, flagrant violations which were caught during random spot checks, as well as at the Murray River, a hard border set up along readily controllable and patrollable features (bridges).ConclusionsGiven that most medium and long‐distance movement in Australia is vehicular‐based, this paper advocates for the introduction of European‐style local government area based car registration which makes ‘out of bounds’ vehicle traffic readily recognisable by their number plates.So what?Public health promotion, coupled with convenient and ubiquitous observation and enforcement tool, is likely to moderate community behaviour and ensure increased compliance with the directives of health authorities and associated promotion of COVID‐safe behaviour.