bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient release of bromine by super-eruptions
Authors: Waelkens Clara M. , Stix John , Monteleone Brian , Burckel Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBromine is a key halogen element in the quantification of volcanic volatiles, but analytical difficulties in measuring its very low abundances have prevented progress in understanding its behavior and its role in volcanic emissions. We present a new data set of bromine, chlorine, and fluorine concentrations in melt inclusions and matrix glasses for two rhyolitic super-eruptions from the Toledo and Valles calderas, New Mexico, USA. We show that before eruption, Br and Cl were efficiently partitioned from the gas-saturated magma into a separate fluid phase, and we calculate the mass of halogens in the fluid phase. We further demonstrate that syn-eruptive magma degassing was negligible during the super-eruptions, so that the main source of halogen emissions must have been the fluid phase. If the fluid phase were erupted, the large mass of Br and Cl could have severely impacted the atmospheric chemistry upon eruption.
Diffuse spreading, a newly recognized mode of crustal accretion in the southern Mariana Trough backarc basin
Authors: Sleeper Jonathan D. , Martinez Fernando , Fryer Patricia , Stern Robert J. , Kelley Katherine A. , Ohara Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
South of the latitude of Guam, the Mariana Trough exhibits both trench-parallel and trench-normal extension. In this study, we examined the locus of trench-normal extension separating the Philippine Sea plate from the broadly deforming Mariana platelet. Along this boundary, we identified three distinct modes of extension and described their distinguishing characteristics using deep- and shallow-towed side-scan sonar and ship multibeam data along with regional geophysical, geochemical, and seismicity data. In the west, the Southwest Mariana Rift is an active tectonic rift exhibiting abundant strong earthquakes up to mb 6.7 and limited evidence of volcanism. In the east, the Malaguana-Gadao Ridge is a seafloor spreading center producing few and weak earthquakes less than mb 5. Between these zones, there is an ~20–40-km-wide and ~120-km-long area of high acoustic backscatter characterized by closely spaced volcano-tectonic ridges and small volcanic cones with distributed intermediate-strength seismicity up to mb 5.7. Fresh-looking volcanic rocks with high water contents and strong arc chemical affinities have been recovered from the high-backscatter zone. We interpret this morphologically and geophysically distinct zone as undergoing diffuse spreading, a distributed form of magmatic crustal accretion where new crust forms within a broad zone tens of kilometers across rather than along a narrow spreading axis. Diffuse spreading appears to be a rheological threshold effect enabled by slow opening rates and a high slab-fluid flux that facilitate the formation of a broad zone of weak hydrous lithosphere, within which new crust is accreted. Our findings describe a poorly understood process in plate tectonics, and observations of similar terrains in other backarc basins suggest that this process is not unique to the Mariana Trough.
31Р NMR Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Probe Molecules as a Tool for the Determination of the Acidity of Molecular Sieve Catalysts (A Review)
Authors: Zasukhin D. S. , Kostyukov I. A. , Kasyanov I. A. , Kolyagin Yu. G. , Ivanova I. I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The review analyzes the potential of 31Р MAS NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed trisubstituted phosphines and phosphine oxides for the investigation of the acidic properties of molecular sieve catalysts. The main methodological approaches to identifying sites of different types are considered. The assignment of signals in the 31Р MAS NMR spectra of methyl-, ethyl-, n-butyl-, and phenyl-substituted phosphines and their oxides adsorbed on zeolites of different structural types and other molecular sieves to Lewis and Brønsted acid sites is reported, and the potential of 31Р MAS NMR spectroscopy as a tool for the determination of the strength of these sites and their amount is analyzed. It is shown that varying the size of the substituent allows assessment of the localization and accessibility of acid sites in zeolites.
Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of 2-(3-Carboxymethylindazol-1-yl)anilines
Authors: Shetnev A. A. , Panova V. A. , Kutuzova P. M. , Tarasenko M. V. , Zhmykhova M. V. , Baykov S. V. , Filimonov S. I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A two-stage method for the preparation of
2-(3-carboxymethylindazol-1-yl)anilines using the N-arylation reaction of 3-carboxymethylindazoles with o-nitrohaloarenes and subsequent reduction of
nitro-containing intermediates with tin(II) chloride was developed. The
experimental results showed that the use of the synthesized compounds as
fluorophores in the visible region of the spectrum is promising.
Outcomes of very preterm infants with neonatal hyperglycaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rath Chandra Prakash , Shivamallappa Madhusudhan , Muthusamy Saravanan , Rao Shripada C , Patole Sanjay 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the association between hyperglycaemia and adverse outcomes in very preterm infants.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. Data were pooled separately for adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on study design (cohort and case control).Main outcome measuresAssociation between hyperglycaemia in preterm neonates (<32 weeks or <1500 g) and mortality and morbidities.FindingsForty-six studies (30 cohort and 16 case control) with data from 34 527 infants were included. Meta-analysis of unadjusted ORs from cohort studies found hyperglycaemia to be significantly associated with mortality, any-grade intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), severe IVH, any-stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), severe ROP, sepsis, chronic lung disease and disability. However, pooling of adjusted ORs found significant associations only for mortality (adjusted OR (CI): 2.37 (1.40 to 4.01); I2: 36%; 6 studies), ‘Any grade IVH’ (adjusted OR (CI): 2.60 (1.09 to 6.20); I2: 0%; 2 studies) and ‘Any stage ROP’ (adjusted OR (CI): 3.70 (1.55 to 8.84); I2: 0%; 2 studies). Meta-regression analysis found glucose levels >10 mmol/L to be associated with increased odds of mortality compared with <10 mmol/L. Pooled analysis from case–control studies were similar to cohort studies for most outcomes but limited by small sample size. Longer duration of hyperglycaemia was associated with adverse outcomes. GRADE of evidence was ‘Low’ or ‘Very low’.ConclusionHyperglycaemia in very preterm infants is associated with higher odds of mortality, any-grade IVH and any-stage ROP. A limitation was lack of availability of adjusted ORs from many of the included studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020193016.
Assessment of optimal chest compression depth during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomised controlled animal trial
Authors: Bruckner Marlies , Kim Seung Yeon , Shim Gyu Hong , Neset Mattias , Garcia-Hidalgo Catalina , Lee Tze-Fun , O'Reilly Megan , Cheung Po-Yin , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: July 2021

AimThe study aimed to examine the optimal anterior-posterior depth which will reduce the time to return of spontaneous circulation and improve survival during chest compressions. Asphyxiated neonatal piglets receiving chest compression resuscitated with a 40% anterior-posterior chest depth compared with 33%, 25% or 12.5% will have reduced time to return of spontaneous circulation and improved survival.MethodsNewborn piglets (n=8 per group) were anaesthetised, intubated, instrumented and exposed to 45 min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia and cardiac arrest. Piglets were randomly allocated to four intervention groups (‘anterior-posterior 12.5% depth’, ‘anterior-posterior 25% depth’, ‘anterior-posterior 33% depth’ or ‘anterior-posterior 40% depth’). Chest compressions were performed using an automated chest compression machine with a rate of 90 per minute. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, applied compression force, and chest compression depth were continuously measured.ResultsThe median (IQR) time to return of spontaneous circulation was 600 (600–600) s, 135 (90–589) s, 85 (71–158)* s and 116 (63–173)* s for the 12.5%, 25%, 33% and 40% depth groups, respectively (*p<0.001 vs 12.5%). The number of piglets that achieved return of spontaneous circulation was 0 (0%), 6 (75%), 7 (88%) and 7 (88%) in the 12.5%, 25%, 33% and 40% anterior-posterior depth groups, respectively. Arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, carotid blood flow, applied compression force, tidal volume and minute ventilation increased with greater anterior-posterior chest depth during chest compression.ConclusionsTime to return of spontaneous circulation and survival were similar between 25%, 33% and 40% anterior-posterior depths, while 12.5% anterior-posterior depth did not result in return of spontaneous circulation or survival. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters improved with increasing anterior-posterior depth, suggesting improved organ perfusion and oxygen delivery with 33%–40% anterior-posterior depth.Trial registration numberPTCE0000193.
1 Prospective associations of aerobic fitness and lipoprotein subclasses in a cohort of norwegian schoolchildren: the active smarter kids (ASK) study
Authors: Jones PR , Rajalahti T , Resaland GK , Aadland E , Steene-Johannessen J , Anderssen SA , Bathen TF , Andreassen T , Kvalheim OM , Ekelund U 
Published: July 2021

AimAerobic fitness is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Associations with traditional measures of lipid metabolism are uncertain. We investigated whether higher levels of fitness benefit lipid metabolism by exploring cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and a comprehensive lipoprotein profile.MethodsWe used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to profile 29 measures of lipoprotein metabolism for 811 fifth-grade Norwegian schoolchildren (50.1% girls; mean age 10.2 years). Serum samples were taken on two occasions across the academic year. Aerobic fitness was measured at baseline using the Andersen aerobic fitness test. We used multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders to examine both cross-sectional and prospective — adjusted for baseline lipoprotein measure — associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein profiles.ResultsHigher levels of aerobic fitness were associated with all measures of lipoprotein metabolism in the cross-sectional analysis. There were inverse associations with the apolipoprotein B-containing (apo B) lipoprotein subclasses, including cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. The associations between aerobic fitness and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were divergent between larger and smaller subclasses. In the prospective analysis, the inverse associations between aerobic fitness and the measures of larger apo B-containing lipoprotein subclasses persisted as did all but one of the associations with triglyceride concentrations. Additional adjustment for adiposity attenuated most associations in both cross-sectional and prospective models, but an independent effect of fitness remained for certain measures.ConclusionsHigher levels of aerobic fitness are associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile, partly independent of adiposity. Associations tended to be stronger and more consistent over time for the larger apo B-containing lipoprotein measures and those of triglyceride concentration. Our results suggest that improving children’s fitness levels should have beneficial effects on lipoprotein metabolism, though a concomitant reduction in adiposity would likely be more effective.ReferencesAnderssen SA, Cooper AR, Riddoch C, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Brage S,et al. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor for clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children independent of country, age and sex.Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil2007.Mintjens S, Menting MD, Daams JG, van Poppel MNM, Roseboom TJ, Gemke RJBJ. Cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence affects future cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.Sports Med2018 Nov 1;48(11):2577–605.
4 Return to golf post arthroplasty
Authors: Frankland S , Hoggett L , Hughes P , Nevill C 
Published: July 2021

AimTo determine the impact of arthroplasty on player handicap, frequency of golf played, return to club competitions and overall mental and physical health using the SF-12.MethodA three page, 30 item, open access survey was sent to a community of over 500,000 golfers via the newsletter for the HowDidIDo® app between 18/04/2019–30/04/2019, inviting users who had undergone a joint replacement to complete. Responses were analysed using Microsoft excel and StatsDirect.ResultsA total of 3043 valid responses were received, the majority were male (n=2392). Mean age was 70 years (25–92). Most respondents had only a single joint replacement (n=1977). Within the cohort, there were mostly hips (n=2092) and knees (n=2069) replaced with far fewer shoulders (n=101), although this concurred with NJR population data. Across the whole cohort, most respondents were playing more (40%) or the same (44%) amount of golf following arthroplasty. Across the cohort only 4% were assumed unable to return to club competitions, while 76% of respondents returned to competitions within six months. Mean handicap prior to arthroplasty was increased (17.6 to 18.9) with no significant difference between hips, knees and shoulders. The SF-12 results were completed for 1094 respondents which when matched for age, demonstrated higher physical (48.59 vs. 43.65) and mental health (55.59 vs.52.10) scores.ConclusionsJoint replacement enables the vast majority of patients to continue or increase the amount of golf played with most returning to club competitions within six months. A slight increase in handicap is demonstrated following surgery in this cohort, with stabilisation after this initial increase. Patients playing golf following arthroplasty demonstrate better physical and mental health than their age matched counterparts.
6 Plantar plate repair – a single centre, single procedure case series
Authors: Bernardotto M , Hodder S , Thomas R , Barlow-Kearsley E 
Published: July 2021

AimThe plantar plate (PP) is an important structure that maintains stability of the metatarsophalangeal joints1and is commonly injured in athletes such as sprinters and ballet dancers. However, clinical outcomes following plantar plate repair are limited due to the lack of studies and the heterogeneity of surgical procedures.2This retrospective case series reviews the pre- and post-operative outcomes of a single-procedure PP repair series.MethodsPatients who underwent PP repair using the Arthrex Complete Plantar Plate Repair System (CPR™) were identified in a single academic hospital centre. Pre- and post-operative outcomes were compared using clinical notes, radiological evaluation and the national podiatry surgery clinical outcomes database (PASCOM-10). Parameters measured included PP rupture grading, congruence, alignment, joint stability and Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) scores.ResultsA total of 20 patients with confirmed PP rupture underwent CPR™ procedure with a team comprising 4 surgeons. Post-operative congruence correction was achieved in 95% of patients, whereas average alignment score (range 0–4) improved from 2.7 to 0.5 and joint stability score (range 0–4) from 2.6 to 0.25. MOXFQ functional outcome scores were available for 65% of patients, showing a 42%, 53% and 42% improvement for weightbearing (W/S), pain and social interaction (SI) domains respectively.ConclusionsThis is the first single-centre, single procedure PP repair case series. Objective radiological and clinical measures showed good improvement in the majority of patients. Functional outcome scores were more heterogeneous and limited by incomplete data collection. Our results appear replicable with no difference between surgeons performing the same procedure.ReferencesNery C, Coughlin M, Baumfeld D, Raduan F, Mann TS, Catena F. How to classify plantar plate injuries: parameters from history and physical examination.Rev Bras Ortop2015;50(6):720–728.Elmajee M, Shen Z, A’Court J, Pillai A. A Systematic Review of Plantar Plate Repair in the Management of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability.The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery2017;56(6):1244–1248.
Identifying neighbourhood and individual resilience profiles for cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of blacks living in the Atlanta metropolitan area
Authors: Ko Yi-An , Shen Jenny , Kim Jeong Hwan , Topel Matthew , Mujahid Mahasin , Taylor Herman , Quyyumi Arshed , Sims Mario , Vaccarino Viola , Baltrus Peter , Lewis Tene 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo simultaneously examine multiple individual-level neighbourhood perceptions and psychosocial characteristics and their relationships with cardiovascular health (CVH) among blacks.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSubjects were recruited between 2016 and 2018 via convenience sampling.Participants385 Black men and women, age 30–70 living in the Atlanta metropolitan area (Georgia, USA).Primary outcome measureIndividual’s CVH was summarised as a composite score using American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metrics.MethodsWe implemented unsupervised learning (k-means) and supervised learning (Bayesian Dirichlet process clustering) to identify clusters based on 11 self-reported neighbourhood perception and psychosocial characteristics. We also performed principal component analysis to summarise neighbourhood perceptions and psychosocial variables and assess their associations with LS7 scores.ResultsK-means and Bayesian clustering resulted in 4 and 5 clusters, respectively. Based on the posterior distributions, higher LS7 scores were associated with better neighbourhood perceptions and psychosocial characteristics, including neighbourhood safety, social cohesion, activities with neighbours, environmental mastery, purpose in life, resilient coping and no depression. Taken together, the first principal components of neighbourhood perceptions and psychosocial characteristics were associated with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI −0.17 to 0.31) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.55) in LS7 score, respectively, after accounting for age, sex, household income and education level.ConclusionBoth neighbourhood perception and psychosocial domains were related to CVH, but individual psychosocial characteristics appeared to contribute to CVH most. Approaches that acknowledge the importance of factors in both domains may prove most beneficial for enhancing resilience and promoting CVH among black communities.
Hands-Up program: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a combined 6-week exercise and education intervention in adults aged 50–65 with a distal radius fracture
Authors: Ziebart Christina , MacDermid Joy , Bryant Dianne , Szekeres Mike , Suh Nina 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThis pilot study will determine the feasibility of recruitment, retention and adherence for the online combined exercise and education programme (Hands-Up) compared with usual care.Methods and analysisThe proposed randomised controlled trial will be a pilot feasibility study with a 1:1 randomisation to the Hands-Up programme or usual physical therapy. The programme setting is an online home exercise and education program. Outcome assessments will take place at the Roth|McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Clinic in London, Ontario, which is a tertiary care academic centre. 74 people aged 50–65 years after distal radius fracture will be recruited. Purposeful recruitment will be conducted to include a sufficient number of men in the study. The Hands-Up program includes both exercise and education. Participants will engage in approximately 45 min of a full-body home exercise routine followed by 30 min of education in an online program. The educational modules will focus on fall prevention, nutrition for osteoporosis and learning about osteoporosis. Participants will engage in the program online, twice a week for 6 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome of the study is feasibility. The study will be considered feasible if participants attend >60% of the sessions, 74 participants are enrolled in 12 months and >75% of participants attend the final study visit. For the secondary outcome, physical and self-report outcomes will be assessed.Ethics and discussionThis study has been approved by the institutional ethics review board. The viability of an online exercise and education program for people after distal radius fracture between the ages of 50 and 65 will be evaluated in an attempt to help better prevent, diagnose and manage osteoporosis. This study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, international conferences and social media.Trial registration numberNCT03997682.
Structure-induced features of transport processes in an electroconsolidated FeNi composite
Authors: Khadzhai G. Ya. , Vovk S. R. , Vovk R. V. , Gevorkyan E. S. , Kislitsa M. V. , Dukarov S. V. , Petrushenko S. I. , Feher A. , Dobrovolskiy O. V. 
Published: July 2021

The structure and processes of mass, charge and heat transfer are investigated in an equiatomic Fe–Ni composite fabricated by electroconsolidation using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The system contains regions of almost pure Fe and Ni, separated by areas with variable concentration of components, formed in consequence of the interdiffusion in the electroconsolidation process. The interdiffusion coefficient of the Fe–Ni system has been revealed to be significantly higher than that of an alloy of a similar composition at the same temperature, which is likely the result of the employed SPS technology and the enhanced diffusion along the grain boundaries. The concentration dependence of the interdiffusion coefficient passes through a maximum at a Ni concentration of [Formula: see text]70 at.%. The electrical and thermal conductivity of the studied system is significantly higher than that of an alloy of the same composition. The temperature dependence of the resistivity of the sample in the range 5–300 K is due to the scattering of electrons by defects and phonons, and the scattering of electrons by phonons fits well to the Bloch–Grüneisen–Wilson relation. The boundaries of the conductivity of the investigated composite correspond to the Hashin–Shtrikman boundaries for a three-phase system, if Fe, Ni and the FeNi alloy are selected as phases.