bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture for breathlessness in advanced cancer: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Yin Zihan , Xu Tao , Sun Mingsheng , Zhao Ling , Liang Fanrong 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionBreathlessness in advanced cancer, a frequent multicomponent and debilitating disorder, severely reduces function and quality of patients’ life. Multiple studies have shown that non-pharmacological therapies can effectively palliate breathlessness in advanced cancer. However, no systematic review has investigated the application of acupuncture, as a non-pharmacological treatment, for breathlessness in advanced cancer. A systematic review will be conducted to summarise evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of acupuncture as a therapeutic option for breathlessness in advanced cancer based on existing randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsRCTs will be retrieved from nine scientific databases, including the MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science via the Web of Knowledge, Embase via Ovid, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via the Cochrane Library, and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database via EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database; three clinical registry platforms, including the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, NIH Clinical trials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, as well as from other sources. Studies published since inception of these databases to 1 August 2021 will be retrieved. Search terms will include breathlessness, cancer, acupuncture and RCT. Two investigators will independently select and extract data from RCTs and assess the risk of bias. The primary outcome, which is alleviation of breathlessness, will be assessed. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.4 and STATA V.15.0. The TSA 0.9.5.10 β software will be used to conduct trial sequential analysis. Finally, the quality of evidence from RCTs will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation System tool.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or conference reports. Since this study involves acquisition of secondary data, ethical approval requirements will be waived.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240085.
Supplementing hand washing with proper use of alcoholic hand rub in a special neonatal care unit in a large academic public health institute at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Mahtab , Agrawal Avyact , Sisodia Deepti , Kasar Pardeep Kumar , Kaur Arvinder , Datta Vikram , Savanna Ravi Shankar , Singh Manish , Livesley Nigel 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose was to increase use of alcoholic hand rub (AHR) in specialised newborn care unit (SNCU) to improve hand hygiene in order to reduce neonatal sepsis and mortality at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur.DesignA prospective interventional and observational study.MethodologyWe formed a quality improvement (QI) team in our SNCU consisting of doctors, nurses, auxiliary staff and parents (a floating member) to improve proper use of AHR. To identify the barriers to the problem, we used fishbone analysis tool. The barriers which were not allowing the health providers to use AHR properly identified were amount of AHR in millilitres to be used per day per baby, how much and when the amount of AHR to be indented from the main store and what is the proper site to place the bottle. We used plan–do–study–act cycles to test and adapt solutions to these problems. Within 5–6 weeks of starting our project, AHR use increased from 44 mL to 92 mL per baby per day and this is sustained around 100 mL per baby per day for over 2 years now.ResultsSignificant decrease in neonatal mortality was observed (reduced from median of 41.0 between August 2016 and April 2018 to 24.0 between May 2018 and December 2019). The neonates discharged alive improved from 41.2 to 52.3 as a median percentage value. The percentage of babies who were referred out and went Left Against Medical Advice (LAMA) deceased too.ConclusionMultiple factors can lead to neonatal deaths, but the important factors are always contextual to facilities. QI methodology provides health workers with the skills to identify the major factors contributing to mortality and develop strategies to deal with them. Improving processes of care can lead to improved hand hygiene and saves lives.
Baffin Bay Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element
Authors: Knutz Paul C. , Gregersen Ulrik , Harrison Christopher , Brent Thomas A. , Hopper John R. , Nøhr-Hansen Henrik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Baffin Bay formed as a result of continental extension during the Cretaceous, which was followed by seafloor spreading and associated plate drift during the early to middle Cenozoic. The formation of an oceanic basin in the central part of Baffin Bay may have begun from about 62 Ma in tandem with the Labrador Sea opening, but the early spreading phase is controversial. Plate-kinematic models suggest that from Late Paleocene the direction of seafloor spreading changed to north–south, generating strike-slip movements along the transform lineaments, e.g. the Ungava Fault Zone and the Bower Fracture Zone, and structural complexity along the margins of Baffin Bay. The Baffin Bay Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) represents a 3–7-km-thick Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic succession that was deposited over oceanic and rifted continental crust since active seafloor spreading began. The CTSE is subdivided into 5 seismic mega-units that have been identified and mapped using a regional seismic grid tied to wells and core sites. Thick clastic wedges of likely Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene age (mega-units E and D2) were deposited within basins floored by newly formed oceanic crust, transitional crust, volcanic extrusives and former continental rift basins undergoing subsidence. The middle–late Cenozoic is characterized by fluvial–deltaic sedimentary systems, hemipelagic strata and aggradational sediment bodies deposited under the influence of ocean currents (mega-units D1, C and B). The late Pliocene to Pleistocene interval (mega-unit A) displays major shelf margin progradation associated with ice-sheet advance–retreat cycles resulting in the accumulation of trough-mouth fans and mass-wasting deposits in the oceanic basin. The Baffin Bay CTSE has not produced discoveries, although a hydrocarbon potential may be associated with Paleocene source rocks. Recent data have improved the geological understanding of Baffin Bay, yet large data and knowledge gaps remain.
CMIP6 Model-projected Hydroclimatic and Drought Changes and Their Causes in the 21st Century
Authors: Zhao Tianbao , Dai Aiguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrought is projected to become more severe and widespread as global warming continues in the 21st century, but hydroclimatic changes and their drivers are not well examined in the latest projections from the Phase Six of the Coupled Model Inetercomparison Project (CMIP6). Here, precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (E), soil moisture (SM), and runoff (R) from 25 CMIP6 models, together with self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index with Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration (scPDSIpm), are analyzed to quantify hydroclimatic and drought changes in the 21st century and the underlying causes. Results confirm consistent drying in these hydroclimatic metrics across most of the Americas (including the Amazon), Europe and the Mediterranean region, southern Africa, and Australia; although the drying magnitude differs, with the drying being more severe and widespread in surface SM than in total SM. Global drought frequency based on surface SM and scPDSIpm increases by ~25%–100% (50%–200%) under the SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenario in the 21st century together with large increases in drought duration and areas, which result from a decrease in the mean and flattening of the probability distribution functions of SM and scPDSIpm; while the R-based drought changes are relatively small. Changes in both P and E contribute to the SM change, whereas scPDSIpm decreases result from ubiquitous PET increases and P decreases over subtropical areas. The R changes are determined primarily by P changes, while the PET change explains most of the E increase. Inter-model spreads in surface SM and R changes are large, leading to large uncertainties in the drought projections.
Sea Breeze Geoengineering to Increase Rainfall over the Arabian Red Sea Coastal Plains
Authors: Mostamandi Suleiman , Predybaylo Evgeniya , Osipov Sergey , Zolina Olga , Gulev Sergey , Parajuli Sagar , Stenchikov Georgiy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Red Sea (RS) has a high evaporation rate, exceeding 2 m of water per year. The water vapor is transported from the shorelines by sea breezes as far as 200 km landward. Relative humidity in the vicinity of the RS exceeds 80% in summer. Nevertheless, precipitation is scarce in most of the Arabian RS coastal plain. In this work we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model to assess how deliberate changes (geoengineering) in the surface albedo or conversion of bare land to wide-leaf forests over a vast coastal plain region affect precipitation over the Arabian RS coast. Our simulations show that geoengineering of land surface characteristics perturbs coastal circulation; alters temperature, moisture, and momentum exchange between the land surface and atmosphere; and changes the breeze intensity, cloud cover, and eventually the amount of precipitation. We find that extended afforestation and increased surface albedo are not effective in triggering rainfall over the RS coastal plains. Conversely, decreasing surface albedo to 0.2, assuming installation of solar panels over the coastal plains, increases surface air temperature by 1–2 K, strengthens horizontal surface temperature differences between sea and land, intensifies breezes, increases water vapor mixing ratio in the boundary layer above 3 km by about 0.5 g kg−1, enhances vertical mixing within the planetary boundary layer, and generates 1.5 Gt of extra rainwater, equivalent to the annual consumption of five million people. Thus, this form of regional land surface geoengineering, along with advanced methods of collection and underground storage of freshwater, provides a feasible solution to mitigation of the existing water crisis in the arid coastal regions.
Evaluation of Global Forecast System (GFS) Medium-Range Precipitation Forecasts in the Nile River Basin
Authors: Yue Haowen , Gebremichael Mekonnen , Nourani Vahid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reliable weather forecasts are valuable in a number of applications, such as agriculture, hydropower, and weather-related disease outbreaks. Global weather forecasts are widely used, but detailed evaluation over specific regions is paramount for users and operational centers to enhance the usability of forecasts and improve their accuracy. This study presents evaluation of the Global Forecast System (GFS) medium-range (1–15 day) precipitation forecasts in the nine subbasins of the Nile basin using NASA’s Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals (IMERG) Final Run satellite–gauge merged rainfall observations. The GFS products are available at a temporal resolution of 3–6 h and a spatial resolution of 0.25°, and the version-15 products are available since 12 June 2019. GFS forecasts are evaluated at a temporal scale of 1–15 days, a spatial scale from 0.25° to all the way to the subbasin scale, and for a period of one year (15 June 2019–15 June 2020). The results show that performance of the 1-day lead daily basin-averaged GFS forecast performance, as measured through the modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), is poor (0 < KGE < 0.5) for most of the subbasins. The factors contributing to the low performance are 1) large overestimation bias in watersheds located in wet climate regimes in the northern hemispheres (Millennium watershed, Upper Atbara and Setit watershed, and Khashm El Gibra watershed), and 2) lower ability in capturing the temporal dynamics of watershed-averaged rainfall that have smaller watershed areas (Roseires at 14 110 km2 and Sennar at 13 895 km2). GFS has better bias for watersheds located in the dry parts of the Northern Hemisphere or wet parts of the Southern Hemisphere, and better ability in capturing the temporal dynamics of watershed-average rainfall for large watershed areas. IMERG Early has better bias than GFS forecast for the Millennium watershed but still comparable and worse bias for the Upper Atbara and Setit and Khashm El Gibra watersheds. The variation in the performance of the IMERG Early could be partly explained by the number of rain gauges used in the reference IMERG Final product, as 16 rain gauges were used for the Millennium watershed but only one rain gauge over each Upper Atbara and Setit and Khashm El Gibra watershed. A simple climatological bias correction of IMERG Early reduces in the bias in IMERG Early over most watersheds, but not all watersheds. We recommend exploring methods to increase the performance of GFS forecasts, including postprocessing techniques through the use of both near-real-time and research-version satellite rainfall products.
Diurnal Variation of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height Observed from GNSS Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Soundings over the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Nelson Kevin J. , Xie Feiqin , Ao Chi O. , Oyola-Merced Mayra I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height (PBLH) is a key physical parameter of the PBL affected by numerous physical processes within the boundary layer. Specifically, the PBLH over land exhibits large spatial and temporal variation across different geographical regions. In this study, the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) profiles and high-resolution radiosonde profiles from 2007 to 2013 were analyzed to estimate the diurnal cycle of the PBLH over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) in the United States. Large variations in PBLH derived from radiosonde temperature, moisture, and refractivity are observed on seasonal scales. COSMIC RO is capable of observing diurnal and seasonal variations in the terrestrial PBLH over the SGP region. Annual mean diurnal amplitude of approximately 250 m in the terrestrial PBLH was observed, with maxima occurring at around 1500 local solar time (LST) in both the collocated radiosondes and COSMIC RO profiles. Seasonal changes in the PBLH diurnal cycles ranging from approximately 100 to 400 m were also observed. Such PBL diurnal and seasonal changes can be further incorporated into PBL parameterizations to help improve weather and climate model prediction.

Significance Statement
The atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) and its height (PBLH) control many atmospheric processes that affect our everyday lives. Observations of the PBL are usually limited to radiosondes at limited time intervals. GNSS radio occultation (RO) provide high-vertical-resolution atmospheric observations that are ideal for PBL study. This study demonstrates that the GNSS RO is capable of capturing the diurnal and seasonal variations of the PBLH over the southern Great Plains (SGP) well as compared to the collocated radiosonde observations.
Development and validation of the acceptance of dating violence questionnaire
Authors: Lara Laura , Gómez-Urrutia Verónica 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure the acceptance of dating violence among young Chileans, that evaluates both victimization and perpetration perspectives. Based on the Intimate Partner Violence Attitudes Scale, items were developed to fulfill these criteria and were refined through experts’ revisions and participant focus groups. The 30-item questionnaire created (with 15 similar items to measure both perpetration and victimization) was applied to 1120 Chilean high school and university students (14–27 years old, 59.9% females). Results of factorial analysis showed the questionnaire had an adequate fit with the correlated three-factor model (control, emotional violence, and physical violence) for each version (victimization and perpetration). Reliability analyses indicated an adequate internal consistency, and correlations with dating violence provide evidence on its concurrent validity. Results also showed that boys/men accepted more dating violence than girls/women, and adolescents than emerging adults.
Elevated soluble CD163 predicts renal function deterioration in lupus nephritis: a cohort study in Eastern China
Authors: Yang Guangxia , Guo Naifeng , Yin Jun , Wu Jianhua 
Published: November 2021

Objective This study investigated the association between soluble scavenger receptor differentiation antigen 163 (sCD163) and the severity and prognosis of renal injury in lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Serum sCD163 levels in 121 Eastern Chinese patients with LN who underwent renal biopsy were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Clinical data were collected, and the glomerular filtration rate and disease activity score of lupus were calculated. Pathological classification was performed, and renal pathological scores were assessed by the activity index (AI) and chronic index (CI). Kaplan–Meier survival curves were drawn to evaluate prognosis. Results The pathological classification, AI and CI scores in the high sCD163 group were increased. The sCD163 levels were positively correlated with serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, AI scores and CI scores and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the incidence of renal endpoint events was increased in the high sCD163 group compared with the normal sCD163 group. Conclusion The serum sCD163 level correlates with the severity of LN and is an important indicator of poor renal prognosis in patients with LN.
Perspectives of patients on medical acupuncture in a primary care setting in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: El-Jarrah Rana T , Naji Fadila Bassem , Hamadeh Ghassan , Abdul Rahman Maya , Charafeddine Hassan 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: There is paucity of data on the knowledge of acupuncture and its use among patients in Lebanon and the Arab countries. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge and attitude of patients in a primary care setting in Lebanon toward Western medical acupuncture and to determine factors that may affect their attitudes toward acupuncture use. The secondary objective was to compare the attitudes and knowledge of patients who had tried acupuncture with those who had not. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study about the perspectives of patients in a primary care setting in Lebanon on medical acupuncture. Results: A total of 212 surveys were completed (78.5% response rate). 24% of participants had not tried and were unwilling to try acupuncture (group 1), 63.5% of participants had not tried but indicated they would be willing to try acupuncture (group 2), and 12.5% of participants had previously tried acupuncture (group 3). Most participants in group 1 (55.6%) stated they would be unwilling to try acupuncture even if referred for it by a physician. Participants who had tried acupuncture (12.5%) had done so for pain conditions. Discussion: Group 3 scored higher on knowledge questions and had a more positive attitude toward the acupuncture procedure. Most patients who had tried it had done so to treat pain complaints. Conclusion: Patients in groups 2 and 3 were more knowledgeable about acupuncture, had tried more complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities, and were more likely to try acupuncture as an add-on or last resort treatment, compared to group 1.
ADHD Comorbidity Structure and Impairment: Results of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project (WMH-ICS)
Authors: Mak Arthur D. P. , Lee Sue , Sampson Nancy A. , Albor Yesica , Alonso Jordi , Auerbach Randy P. , Baumeister Harald , Benjet Corina , Bruffaerts Ronny , Cuijpers Pim , Ebert David D. , Gutierrez-Garcia Raúl A. , Hasking Penelope , Lapsley Coral , Lochner Christine , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: November 2021

Objective To examine the prevalence of ADHD and the association of comorbid disorders, and multivariate disorder classes with role impairment in college students. Method About 15,991 freshmen (24 colleges, 9 countries, WMH-ICS) (response rate = 45.6%) completed online WMH-CIDI-SC surveys for 6-month ADHD and six 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We examined multivariate disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA) and simulated a population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of ADHD-related impairment. Results About 15.9% had ADHD, of which 58.4% had comorbidities. LCA classified ADHD respondents to pure (42.9%), internalizing (36.0%), bipolar comorbidities (11.3%), and externalizing disorder classes (9.8%). ADHD, comorbidities, and multivariate disorder classes independently predicted severe impairment. PARPs: eliminating ADHD hypothetically reduced severe impairment by 19.2%, 10.1% adjusted for comorbidities, 9.5% for multivariate disorder classes. Conclusions ADHD and comorbid disorders are common and impairing in college students. Personalized transdiagnostic interventions guided by multivariate disorder classes should be explored.
The Continuous Learning Cycle: A Multi-phase Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE) of Decentralized Nursing Unit Design
Authors: Cai Hui , Spreckelmeyer Kent 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate how multiphase postoccupancy evaluation (POE) research was integrated into multiple projects to develop a continuous learning cycle. Background: Despite the well-recognized importance of POE, few studies have reported how knowledge from POE is applied in new designs. Method: This study is developed as a multiphase POE that spanned 3 years and across three units. Phase I POE compared an existing unit (Unit A) in Hospital A and a new Unit B in Hospital B that has implemented innovative design features such as decentralized nurse stations. The idea was to understand the challenges of the existing facility in Hospital A and gather lessons learned from the new design in Unit B to inform the design of the Hospital A expansion (Unit C). After the new expansion was occupied, the Phase II POE was conducted using the same set of POE tools in both Unit C and Unit A. The POE applied the following methods: (1) patient room evaluations using the Center for Health Design standardized POE tools, (2) space syntax analysis of visibility, and (3) a pre- and postmove analysis of Press Ganey data. Results: The results demonstrated that by incorporating lessons learned from the Phase I POE, Unit C has further improvement on patient room design ratings, improved patient satisfaction, and better visibility among nurse work areas compared to Unit A and Unit B. Conclusions: The multiphase, multisite POE with standardized tools has demonstrated its value as an important tool for continuous design quality improvement.