bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Media as a Platform for Cyberbullying of Individuals With Craniofacial Anomalies: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Jones Alexis , Plumb Allison M. , Sandage Mary J. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which individuals with facial and/or speech differences secondary to a craniofacial anomaly experienced bullying through social media platforms during late school age and adolescence.MethodUsing an online survey platform, a questionnaire was distributed via several public and private social media groups designated for individuals with craniofacial anomaly and their caregivers.ResultsThe majority of participants (n= 38; 88.4%) indicated they had been bullied during late school-age and adolescence and that they believed this was due to their facial difference and/or speech disorder (n= 27; 71.1%). Almost one third indicated they had been victims of cyberbullying during this time (n= 12; 31.6%) with the most common venues being texting and Facebook. Despite the large percentage of participants who reported being bullied through social media, half (n= 6) indicated they did not often report these instances of cyberbullying.ConclusionsAs social media use continues to increase, it appears inevitable that cyberbullying will occur. Particularly vulnerable to both traditional and cyberbullying are individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Because of the specialized training of speech-language pathologists, school-based speech-language pathologists are in a unique position to play a key role in school-wide antibullying efforts and to educate school personnel on ways in which to support the needs of children with craniofacial anomalies both inside and outside of the classroom.
Copper‐mediated polyurethane materials with enzyme‐like catalysis for biocompatibility improvement in blood environments
Authors: Dou Jiaxin , Li Peichuang , Zhao Yuancong , Zhou Lei , Li Xin , Wang Jin , Huang Nan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBecause of their good performance, including biocompatibility and mechanical properties, polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used in medical devices. However, undesired compatibility troubles, including thrombus, inflammation, and hyperplasia, still limit the applications of PUs. In this study, copper‐mediated polyurethane (PU‐Cu) materials with enzyme‐like catalysis were prepared. The PU‐Cu materials effectively catalysed the nitric oxide (NO) released from endogenous NO donors because of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like function of copper ion. The PU‐Cu materials were respectively evaluated via platelet adhesion and endothelial cell (EC), smooth muscle cell (SMC), and macrophage (MA) cultures. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that PU‐Cu materials significantly inhibited platelet adhesion and activation. Meanwhile, PU‐Cu materials not only promote the proliferation of EC but also inhibit SMC growth. Moreover, MA culture results intuitively stated the anti‐inflammatory ability of PU‐Cu. In addition, experimental samples were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. The anti‐inflammatory function of PU‐Cu was further confirmed by haematoxylin‐eosin staining results. With regard to their excellent biological performance, PU‐Cu materials are proposed for biocompatibility improvement of blood‐contacting materials, which should in turn provide new ideas for advanced medical devices.
Deep learning‐based digital signal modulation identification under different multipath channels
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Hu Su , Du Zhaonan , Wu Weiwei , Gao Yuan , Cao Jiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has been applied to digital signal modulation identification (DSMI) due to its powerful feature learning ability. However, most of the existing DL‐based DSMI methods are limited to specific experimental scene relating to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or static multipath channel. The result is that the trained network has deteriorative identification accuracy when the channel conditions change unless retrained. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a DSMI method suitable for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) under different multipath channels, including the variation of delay, path number and channel coefficient. This method can accurately detect the modulation feature rather than the channel's to identify the modulation type, thus reducing the network training amount. The method is divided into two parts. Firstly, traditional signal processing methods are combined, including various channel estimators and equalisers to compensate for the channel. Then a robust DL network, RSN‐MI, is designed as a classifier. Unlike other DL‐based DSMI methods, the influence of signal processing algorithms on DSMI performance are focused on rather than model parameters. Besides, the proposed classifier is compared with the DSMI classifier in other contributions. The results show that the classifier works better in different multipath channels.
A model for simultaneous location and coordination of protective devices in radial distribution networks
Authors: de la Barra Joaquín , Angulo Alejandro , Gil Esteban 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUpgrading protection schemes in distribution networks can help electric utilities to improve the reliability of their supply. Fuses and reclosers are still the primary protective devices used in distribution grids, and their optimal allocation allows isolating faults with the least number of interrupted customers. However, most models used to select and locate protective devices optimally do not consider their coordination or rescue schemes for the fuses, resulting in unfeasible or impractical solutions. This paper presents a mixed‐integer linear program model for the simultaneous selection, localization, and coordination of protective devices (reclosers and fuses), considering the fuses' rescue schemes based on electrical criteria. Local reliability indices and economic penalties for violating minimum standards are integrated into the model, thereby providing new decision‐making elements. The proposed approach is tested in different distribution networks to showcase its key features. Computational experiments show that the proposed model can satisfactorily handle the trade‐off between costs and reliability.
IMG‐forensics: Multimedia‐enabled information hiding investigation using convolutional neural network
Authors: Khan Abdullah Ayub , Shaikh Aftab Ahmed , Cheikhrouhou Omar , Laghari Asif Ali , Rashid Mamoon , Shafiq Muhammad , Hamam Habib 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInformation hiding aims to embed a crucial amount of confidential data records into the multimedia, such as text, audio, static and dynamic image, and video. Image‐based information hiding has been a significantly important topic for digital forensics. Here, active image deep steganographic approaches have come forward for hiding data. The least significant bit (LSB) steganography approach is proposed to conceal a secret message into the original image. First, the lightweight stream encryption cryptography encrypts secret information in the cover image to protect embedded information from source to destination. Whereas the encrypted embedded cover information into the carrier of stego‐image with the help of the LSB and then transmit. In the proposed investigational scheme, a convolutional neural net is used. A model is trained to detect and extract patterns of image hidden features, encrypted stego‐image optimization, and classify original and cover images of steganography. Through the experiment result on the forensic image database for mobile steganography of the Center for Statistics and Application in Forensic Evidence, the overall embedded and extracting that the proposed scheme can achieve information hiding as well as revealing with an accuracy rate of 95.1%. The experimental result shows the robustness of the model in terms of efficiency as compared to other state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
Improved position estimation method for locating an encrypted COSPAS‐SARSAT beacon
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hoon , Song Young‐Jin , Jeong In‐Cheol , Won Jong‐Hoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study addresses a signal processing technique in a search and rescue system. An international disaster rescue communications support programme such as COSPAS‐ search and rescue satellite‐aided tracking (SARSAT) estimates the position of a beacon based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) techniques. To backtrack signals from encrypted beacons without knowing the encryption codes, the cross ambiguity function (CAF) is proposed to estimate the TDOA and FDOA, in which high sampling rates are needed to increase the positioning accuracy of existing CAF algorithms, which entail high calculation loads. To overcome this, an interpolation method is proposed for peaks of Fourier transform capable of maintaining high accuracy at low calculation loads after a well‐performed initial acquisition. The numerical simulation shows an improved estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm compared with existing peak detection methods.
Modelling a multi-spacecraft coronal mass ejection encounter with EUHFORIA
Authors: Asvestari E. , Pomoell J. , Kilpua E. , Good S. , Chatzistergos T. , Temmer M. , Palmerio E. , Poedts S. , Magdalenic J. 
Published: May 2021

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are a manifestation of the Sun’s eruptive nature. They can have a great impact on Earth, but also on human activity in space and on the ground. Therefore, modelling their evolution as they propagate through interplanetary space is essential.
Aims. EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) is a data-driven, physics-based model, tracing the evolution of CMEs through background solar wind conditions. It employs a spheromak flux rope, which provides it with the advantage of reconstructing the internal magnetic field configuration of CMEs. This is something that is not included in the simpler cone CME model used so far for space weather forecasting. This work aims at assessing the spheromak CME model included in EUHFORIA.
Methods. We employed the spheromak CME model to reconstruct a well observed CME and compare model output to in situ observations. We focus on an eruption from 6 January 2013 that was encountered by two radially aligned spacecraft, Venus Express and STEREO-A. We first analysed the observed properties of the source of this CME eruption and we extracted the CME properties as it lifted off from the Sun. Using this information, we set up EUHFORIA runs to model the event.
Results. The model predicts arrival times from half to a full day ahead of the in situ observed ones, but within errors established from similar studies. In the modelling domain, the CME appears to be propagating primarily southward, which is in accordance with white-light images of the CME eruption close to the Sun.
Conclusions. In order to get the observed magnetic field topology, we aimed at selecting a spheromak rotation angle for which the axis of symmetry of the spheromak is perpendicular to the direction of the polarity inversion line (PIL). The modelled magnetic field profiles, their amplitude, arrival times, and sheath region length are all affected by the choice of radius of the modelled spheromak.
Immune-Mediated Myelopathies: A Review of Etiologies, Diagnostic Approach, and Therapeutic Management
Authors: Abdel-Wahed Lama , Cho Tracey A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyelopathy is a broad term used to describe a heterogeneous group of disorders that affects the spinal cord; the focus of this article will be a subgroup of these disorders with an autoimmune and inflammatory-based pathology. Symptoms typically develop over hours or days and then worsen over a matter of days to weeks, but sometimes can have a more insidious or subacute presentation, which can make the diagnosis more puzzling. Despite relatively low incidence rates, almost a third of affected patients are left with severely disabling symptoms. Prompt recognition of the underlying etiology is essential so that a specific targeted therapy can be implemented for optimal outcomes. The authors discuss a systematic approach to immune-mediated myelopathies, with a focus on the unique characteristics of each that may aid in diagnosis.
Myelopathies from Neoplasms
Authors: Lim-Fat Mary Jane , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBenign and malignant tumors can be an important cause of myelopathy. Patients may present with a wide range of neurologic symptoms including back and neck pain, weakness, sensory abnormalities, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Management can be challenging depending on the location and underlying biology of the tumor. Neuroimaging of the spine is an important component of diagnostic evaluation and patient management both during initial evaluation and when monitoring after treatment. This article provides a systematic and practical review of neoplasms that can cause myelopathy. Unique imaging and biological features of distinct tumors are discussed, and their management strategies are reviewed.
Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Shunting as a Novel Treatment for Pontine Glioependymal Cysts
Authors: Schieferdecker Simon , Hunsche Stefan , El Majdoub Faycal , Maarouf Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this case report, the authors describe the first case of a glioependymal cyst of the brainstem managed by robot-assisted, stereotactic, cysto-ventricular shunting. Glioependymal cysts are rare congenital cystic lesions that are thought to form by displacement of ependymal cells during the embryonal period. Glioependymal cysts have been reported in a variety of different locations within the central nervous system. However, glioependymal cysts of the brainstem have only been described once before. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man who was referred to our department due to hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia, and hemidysesthesia, as well as facial and abducens nerve palsy. A large pontine glioependymal cyst was confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The cyst was subsequently decompressed by connecting the cyst with the fourth ventricle via robot-assisted stereotactic shunt placement. In the postoperative course, the patient made a quick recovery and did not report any permanent neurologic deficits.
Selection Criteria for Lung Transplantation: Controversies and New Developments
Authors: Beeckmans Hanne , Bos Saskia , Vos Robin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLung transplantation is an accepted therapeutic option for end-stage lung diseases. The imbalance between limited availability and vast need of donor organs necessitates careful selection of recipient candidates, ensuring the best possible utilization of the scarce resource of organs. Nonetheless, possible lung transplant candidates who could experience a meaningful improvement in survival and quality of life should not be excluded solely based on the complexity of their case. In this review, controversial issues or difficult limitations for lung transplantation, and new developments in recipient selection criteria, are discussed, which may help broaden recipient eligibility for lung transplantation without compromising long-term outcomes.
Skin Cancers and Lung Transplant
Authors: Wilken Reason , Carucci John , Stevenson Mary L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is well known that solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a 65- to 100-fold increase in the risk of developing skin cancer, namely, nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In addition, these patients are also at increased risk for development of melanoma as well as other less common cutaneous malignancies (Merkel's cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma). SOTRs with NMSC (namely cSCC) are also at significantly increased risk of poor clinical outcomes including local recurrence, nodal and distant metastasis, and disease-specific death relative to patients who are not immunosuppressed. Increased surveillance and monitoring in patients at risk of aggressive disease and poor outcomes who are on immunosuppression is essential in patients with lung transplants given the high degree of immunosuppression. Increased awareness of risks, treatments, and management allows for improved outcomes in these patients. This article will provide an overview of the risk factors for the development of cutaneous malignancies in organ transplant recipients as well as a detailed discussion of various immunosuppressant and prophylactic medications used in this patient population that contribute to the risk of developing cutaneous malignancies, with an emphasis on NMSC (cSCC and BCC) in lung transplant recipients. Finally, this article includes a discussion on the clinical and dermatologic management of this high-risk immunosuppressed population including a review of topical and systemic agents for field therapy of actinic damage and chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas. In addition, indications for additional treatment and preventive measures such as adjuvant radiation treatment after surgical management of cutaneous malignancies and potential modification of immunosuppressive medication regimens are discussed.
Fungal Infection in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Kennedy Cassie C. , Pennington Kelly M. , Beam Elena , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvasive fungal infections threaten lung transplant outcomes with high associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis may be key to prevent posttransplant invasive fungal infections, but cost, adverse effects, and absorption issues are barriers to effective prophylaxis. Trends in fungal infection diagnostic strategies utilize molecular diagnostic methodologies to complement traditional histopathology and culture techniques. While lung transplant recipients are susceptible to a variety of fungal pathogens, Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. infections remain the most common. With emerging resistant organisms and multiple novel antifungal agents in the research pipeline, it is likely that treatment strategies will continue to evolve.
Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction: Evolving Concepts and Therapies
Authors: Amubieya Olawale , Ramsey Allison , DerHovanessian Ariss , Fishbein Gregory A. , Lynch Joseph P. , Belperio John A. , Weigt S. Samuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe primary factor that limits long-term survival after lung transplantation is chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD also impairs quality of life and increases the costs of medical care. Our understanding of CLAD continues to evolve. Consensus definitions of CLAD and the major CLAD phenotypes were recently updated and clarified, but it remains to be seen whether the current definitions will lead to advances in management or impact care. Understanding the potential differences in pathogenesis for each CLAD phenotype may lead to novel therapeutic strategies, including precision medicine. Recognition of CLAD risk factors may lead to earlier interventions to mitigate risk, or to avoid risk factors all together, to prevent the development of CLAD. Unfortunately, currently available therapies for CLAD are usually not effective. However, novel therapeutics aimed at both prevention and treatment are currently under investigation. We provide an overview of the updates to CLAD-related terminology, clinical phenotypes and their diagnosis, natural history, pathogenesis, and potential strategies to treat and prevent CLAD.
Fluid dynamics analysis and experimental study for solar radiation error correction of sounding humidity sensor
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Xie Xiaolu , Liu Qingquan , Li Min , Mao Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

In order to correct the solar radiation error of relative humidity, the mainstream capacitive sounding humidity sensor HC103M2 is selected and investigated by simulation analysis and experimental verification. First, the basic theories for solar radiation error and sensor error itself are elaborated, and simulational and experimental platforms are introduced. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is utilized to theoretically investigate the dry error of the humidity sensor caused by solar radiation heating, which is related to radiation intensity, altitude, and solar elevation angle as well as reflectivity, thickness, and shape of the shield. Then, in order to verify the accuracy of the simulation, an experimental platform including a humidity sensor and two temperature sensors to measure the solar radiation heating is built to analyze the relative error of humidity obtained by the CFD simulation and experiment. It is found that their maximum deviation is 3.30% and the average error is 1.94%, which indicates that the calculation using the CFD method is accurate and feasible. In order to easily and operationally predict the solar radiation heating of the humidity sensor, a back propagation (BP) neural network fusion algorithm based on three inputs of radiation intensity, air pressure, and solar elevation angle is proposed. Compared with the solar radiation heating obtained by CFD simulation, the maximum absolute error is about 0.2 K, and the relative error of humidity is about ±1.30%. Finally, a case of vertical humidity profile correction considering the temperature-sensitive error of HC103M2 is analyzed. The response time of sensor measurement and the airflow into the shield are discussed as well. The corrected results after taking solar radiation heating into account are more similar to those measured by RS92 and cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH). This result shows that the prediction model is accurate, which may be applied to correct the dry error and further improve the accuracy of humidity measurement.
Design and performance of a hyperspectral camera for full-face in vivo imaging
Authors: Blaksley C. , Casolino M. , Cambié G. 
Published: May 2021

Red, green, blue color photography is a mature technology and a powerful tool for the evaluation and understanding of the way an object reflects light and its related optical properties, but color photography fails to give a complete picture of these effects due to its inherent lack of spectral resolution. In this work, we update the L’OREAL reference device for skin color measurement, the Chromasphere, by replacing its current color camera system with an imaging spectrometer. This imaging spectrometer must provide a spatial resolution on par with the previous color cameras and a spectral resolution commensurate with a spectroradiometer while also achieving a time resolution suitable for in vivo studies of the human face. Due to these requirements, common spatial scanning techniques are not suitable for this application, and so we utilized a spectral-scanning approach based on a tunable liquid-crystal birefringent filter. We present the design and performance tests of a working prototype that is capable of measuring the spectrum in each of 4 MP with a nominal spectral resolution of 10 nm across the wavelength range from 420 to 730 nm in a total imaging time of less than 10 s. We cross-compared the spectral and color measurements obtained with this prototype, an industry-standard spectroradiometer, and a charge-coupled device color camera in order to assess the prototype’s performance, and the results of this comparison show that our prototype is capable of taking spectral measurements near enough in quality to those of a spectroradiometer to successfully bridge the divide between such devices and conventional color cameras. Doing so, this instrument opens new possibilities for studies of complex in vivo phenomena that neither non-imaging spectrometers nor conventional cameras can pursue.