bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação das Interações da Fauna de Formigas em Diferentes Usos do Solo
Authors: Do Amaral Gustavo Correiro , Vargas André Barbosa , Almeida Fabio Souto 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as interações da fauna de formigas em uma floresta ombrófila densa, em um sistema agroflorestal diversificado, uma plantação de café sombreado por gliricídia e uma plantação de bananas que possuía vinhas de maracujá. Em cada um desses ambientes foram demarcados três transectos de 10m x 2m, onde as formigas foram coletadas e as interações ecológicas foram avaliadas. No total, foram observadas e coletadas 30 espécies de formigas, sendo a maior riqueza de espécies observada na agrofloresta, como, também, maior registro de interações. Já a menor riqueza e o menor registro de interações ocorreram no cafezal. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, é possível constatar que, entre os sistemas de cultivo estudados, o sistema agroflorestal é o mais recomendado para a proteção da biodiversidade de formigas, por preservar maior número de espécies e de interações.
PENGARUH BOARD DIVERSITY, KOMPENSASI DEWAN DIREKSI DAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DEWAN DIREKSI TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Pradana Marrieda Testarossa , Khairusoalihin Khairusoalihin 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the proportion of women in the board of directors, educational background of the board of directors and independent directors and compensation of the board of directors and managerial ownership on company value in goods and consumer sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2015 - 2019.
The research population used is manufacturing companies in the goods and consumption sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015–2019. The method in this study uses proposive sampling. With this method, the number of samples in this study was obtained as many as 9 companies. The analytical tool of this study uses multiple linear regression.
The results of the study show that (1) partially the educational background of the board of directors has a negative and significant effect on firm value, independent directors have a positive and significant effect on firm value, (2) while the proportion of women in directors, board compensation and managerial ownership has no effect. significant towards firm value, (3) simultaneously the proportion of women on the board of directors, educational background of the board of directors, independent directors, compensation for the board of directors and managerial ownership have a significant effect on firm value.
ForSE: A GAN-based Algorithm for Extending CMB Foreground Models to Subdegree Angular Scales
Authors: Krachmalnicoff Nicoletta , Puglisi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present ForSE (Foreground Scale Extender), a novel Python package that aims to overcome the current limitations in the simulation of diffuse Galactic radiation, in the context of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. ForSE exploits the ability of generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) to learn and reproduce complex features present in a set of images, with the goal of simulating realistic and non-Gaussian foreground radiation at subdegree angular scales. This is of great importance in order to estimate the foreground contamination to lensing reconstruction, delensing, and primordial B-modes for future CMB experiments. We applied this algorithm to Galactic thermal dust emission in both total intensity and polarization. Our results show how ForSE is able to generate small-scale features (at 12′) having as input the large-scale ones (80′). The injected structures have statistical properties, evaluated by means of the Minkowski functionals, in good agreement with those of the real sky and which show the correct amplitude scaling as a function of the angular dimension. The obtained thermal dust Stokes Q and U full-sky maps as well as the ForSE package are publicly available for download.
Characteristics of Caves Used by Wintering Bats in a Subtropical Environment
Authors: Smith Lisa M. , Doonan Terry J. , Sylvia Andrea L. , Gore Jeffery A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany cave-roosting bats are declining in number throughout their range because of multiple threats, including disease, disturbance by humans, and habitat loss. Successful conservation of cave-roosting bats requires an understanding of the roles of microclimate, cave structure, and the surrounding landscape on the distribution and abundance of bats, and in particular, the use of winter cave roosts. Cave bats have been well studied in temperate climates, but we know little about these bats in subtropical climates. From 2015 to 2017, we conducted 399 winter surveys of 162 caves in Florida to evaluate factors affecting the presence and abundance of bats at cave roosts. We also determined whether temperatures at these cave roosts were suitable for Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome. Across all 3 y, we detected three species of bats: tricolored bat Perimyotis subflavus in 126 (77.8%) caves, southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius in 51 (31.5%) caves, and a single Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii. We analyzed the presence of both tricolored bats and southeastern myotis in caves by using mixed-effects models with a binomial distribution and the number of tricolored bats by using generalized linear mixed-effects models with a Poisson error distribution. Tricolored bat presence was significantly and positively influenced by a cooler cave surface temperature, larger cave entrance size, a single entrance, and the presence of solution holes. Tricolored bat abundance increased in longer, cooler caves that had solution holes, a single, unobstructed entrance, and had no signs of flooding. Southeastern myotis presence was positively associated with longer, domed caves. To be most effective, conservation efforts in subtropical climates should focus on caves with the identified characteristics. More than 90% of caves surveyed each year had a cave interior surface temperature below the upper critical growth limit for P. destructans (19.8°C), indicating that most Florida caves are suitable for growth of P. destructans. Therefore, regular monitoring of winter bat populations in subtropical caves may be important for detecting P. destructans and white-nose syndrome.
Comparison of the Quality of Life and Female Sexual Function Following Laparoscopic Pectopexy and Laparoscopic Sacrohysteropexy in Apical Prolapse Patients
Authors: Obut Mehmet , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Akgöl Sedat 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
We sought to compare the surgical outcomes, safety, effectiveness, and mid-term outcomes in patients who had undergone laparoscopic hysterosacropexy and laparoscopic pectopexy due to apical prolapse.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized study was conducted on a total of 62 women who underwent apical prolapse surgery (32 undergoing a pectopexy and 30 undergoing a sacrohysteropexy) between June 2015 and June 2017. Patients with symptomatic uterine or vaginal vault prolapse with stage 2 or worse were included in the sudy. Before and after the operation, we used the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q) and questionnaires, which are the Prolapse Quality of Life Questionnaire (P-QOL) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), to evaluated cases. Baseline characteristics, perioperative and postoperative complications, and follow-up results at 12 months were also evaluated.

Results:
All domains of POP-Q, P-QOL, and FSFI scores improved significantly after surgery both in pectopexy and sacrohysteropexy group. The postoperative complications of both procedures were similar except for constipation after surgery (3.2% in the pectopexy group and 20% in the hysterosacropexy group [P = 0.036]).

Conclusion:
Both sacrohysteropexy and pectopexy are effective surgical options for apical prolapse patients. The pectopexy is an acceptable alternative to laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy because of its less complexity and not reducing pelvic space for the rectum to exist. We suggest that the laparoscopic pectopexy may be widely used in clinical routine.
Management of varicose veins through therapeutic purgation and bloodletting therapy
Authors: Bramhanwade Harshal , Jena Swarnakant , Bahute Pratik D. , Bhatted Santosh Kumar , Dharmarajan Prasanth 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen, and tortuous veins, which mainly affect lower limbs (legs and feet). There may be involvement of superior veins or deep veins. Varicose veins are not a threat to life but it affects day-to-day activities and conditions worsen with chronicity. In contemporary medicine, compressing and stripping by surgery are mainly used treatments for varicose veins. Varicose veins are described as Siragranthi in Ayurveda. Virechana followed by Raktamokshana and internal medication (Manjishthadi Kwatha and Kaishore Guggulu) are found to be useful in the treatment of Siragranthi.

Materials and Methods:
This case study of a 40-year-old patient of varicose veins includes Virechana and Raktamokshana (bloodletting), which showed significant relief in Shoola (pain), Shotha (swelling), and Daha (burning sensation).

Results:
After a total of 18 days of treatment, the VCSS score reduced from 8 to 3 and the VAS score reduced from 5 to 2. This proves the significant effect of classical Ayurveda Panchakarma treatment like Virechana and Raktamokshana in varicose veins.
Suicidal ideation in schizophrenia
Authors: Nath Santanu , Kalita Kamal Narayan , Baruah Aparajeeta , Saraf Anantprakash Siddharthkumar , Mukherjee Diptadhi , Singh Pankaj Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Suicide is a leading cause of mortality in schizophrenia. The study attempts to find an association of suicidal ideation, a less studied entity than suicide attempt, with various sociodemographic and clinical profiles in patients with schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods:
It is a cross-sectional study involving 140 patients diagnosed as schizophrenia. Sociodemographic and clinical profiles were collected using a semi-structured proforma. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, InterSePT Scale for Suicidal Thinking, and Drug Attitude Inventory-10 were applied to assess psychopathology, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideas, and attitude toward psychotropics, respectively. The analysis was done using appropriate statistics.

Results:
Majority of the study sample were Hindus, male, unmarried, literate, unemployed, and belonging from lower socioeconomic class. About 25.7% attempted suicide earlier and 29.3% currently have suicidal ideation. A previous suicide attempt, family history of psychiatric illness and that of suicide and comorbid substance use, significantly predicted (p < 0.05) a current suicidal ideation. Ideation has also been found to be significantly correlated to comorbid depression and the positive, negative, emotional, and excitement domains of schizophrenic psychopathology.

Conclusion:
The current study shows suicidal ideations in schizophrenia patients to be significantly related to schizophrenic psychopathology and comorbid depression, thus calling for a holistic management in preventing a fatal outcome.
Элитология образования в контексте современных вызовов и угроз
Authors: Rezakov Ravil G. , Rekesheva Farida M. 
Published: April 2021

Настоящий мир переживает серьезные трансформационные изменения, связанные с кризисом глобалистического (монополярного и мультикультурного) проекта и ростом постиндустриальных тенденций. В этих условиях изменяется и роль многих профессиональных элитных сообществ, меняются акценты их оценки и роли в мировом общественном процессе. Поскольку свои элиты есть в каждой области профессиональной деятельности, возникает необходимость исследования феномена элиты именно с точки зрения сообщества неких избранных групп, отвечающих за формирование ответа на вызов своей эпохи. Цель настоящей работы -показать роль элитного (открытого и высококачественного) университетского образования в формировании профессиональных качеств современных элитных сообществ.
В работе авторами используется целый комплекс методов, от диалектики и герменевтики до компаративистики и семиотики. Данный набор методов исследования позволяет проникнуть вглубь качественных параметров элитных сообществ, дать им всестороннюю оценку. В этой связи особую роль отводится принципам персонализма, раскрывающим глубину элитной личности и смысл ее творческого процесса. Именно эта задача – раскрытие смысла творчества выдающихся личностей – и является новым словом в развитии современной элитологии, как науки об элите (форме) и элитности (содержания).
Результатом настоящей работы является обоснование необходимости элитного образования в реализации меритократических проектов и постепенном отказе от доминирования олигархического вмешательства в ее технологические процессы. Новизна данной ситуации состоит в том, что проводить усиление своего качественного потенциала университетам приходится в условиях переходного периода – от позднего индустриализма к раннему постиндустриализму, что накладывает свой отпечаток на весь этот процесс.
Assessment of Stigma-by-Association amongst Nurses Working in Mental Health Units
Authors: Almuzini Taghreed B. , Hamouda Ghada M. , Sharif Loujain S. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Stigma-by-association affects not only people with mental health problems and psychiatric patients or their families but also nurses working in the mental health field. Stigma-by-association among nurses working in mental health units can lead to some nurses feeling ashamed and embarrassed when discussing their work.
Aim: To assess stigma-by-association amongst nurses working in mental health units.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. The study was conducted at a governmental psychiatric and mental health hospital and two private general hospitals that were not specialized in psychiatric health but had mental health units in Jeddah City. A convenience sampling technique was implemented. The data were collected from 160 registered nurses working in mental health units. The study tools included the Clinician Associative Stigma Scale (CASS) used to measure stigma-by-association among nurses working in mental health units; it consists of 18 statements. Besides, two open-ended questions to measure suggestions and embarrassing situations of nurses working in mental health units about stigma-by- association.
Results: The result of the current study revealed that embarrassing situations occurred to nurses working in mental health units that have caused the stigma-by-association. Nurses in both hospitals display a moderate level of stigma by association with a mean percentage of 65.68% among nurses in the government hospital and 69.4% among nurses in the private hospital. The nurses have also suggested that families, patients, and society could be educated on mental illnesses and the role of mental health nurses.
Conclusions: This study concludes that the nurses working in mental health units in both government and private hospitals had a moderate stigma-by-association level. Stigma by association among nurses who work in mental health units has also been found to be related to age and years of experience. The study highlighted that psychiatry workshops could help nurses working in the mental health field. Future research is required to identify the causes of stigma-by-association among nurses working in mental health units in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Correlates of mothers’ nutritional status in developing economies: evidence from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Mariam Abbas Soharwardi  , Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad  , Mussab Ali Khan Manj  , Rana Ejaz Ali Khan  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The paper investigates the determinants of nutritional status of mothers in developing countries.
Method: For a panel of 38 developing countries, data were obtained from the nationally representative Demographic Health Surveys (DHS). Married women of reproductive ages (15 to 45 years), currently living with their husbands were selected as the target population. Body mass index was used as a proxy measure to gauge nutritional status. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to assess the socioeconomic determinants of mothers’ nutritional status.
Results: As compared to the reference category, the probability of being malnourished was: the lowest (OR=0.397, 95% CI=.0341-0.462) among the mothers with higher education, the highest (OR=1.112, 95% CI=1.043-1.186) among the mothers who belonged to the age category 15-19 years at their first birth, the lowest (OR=0.309, 95% CI=0.280-0.341) among the mothers with higher women empowerment status, high (OR=1.003, 95% CI=.848-1.18) among the women having one year birth interval, higher (OR=1.724, 95% CI=1.669-1.186) among the women who take no antenatal visit during pregnancy, higher(OR=1.795, 95% CI=1.757-1.836) among the mothers having total number of children ever born more than four, relatively higher (OR =0.846, 95% CI=0.796-0.899) among the mothers who belonged to poorer households, and was lower (OR=0.758, 95% CI=0.717-0.801) among the mothers living in the urban areas.
Continuous...
Human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer: An overview
Authors: Patel Fatima Patel , Ahmed Shadaba 
Published: April 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known aetiological factor in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), however it is a distinct disease to HPV-negative OPSCC. It is more prevalent in younger patients with fewer comorbidities and HPV status is most commonly detected by p16 immunohistochemistry, which acts as a surrogate marker. Until recently, the TNM staging model was wrongly predicting a poor prognosis for many patients by determining an imperfect overall stage, however this has been resolved by an updated edition. Current management of OPSCC is not determined by HPV-status but there are ongoing trials into treatment deintensification to reduce side effects but maintain OS. Furthermore, prognosis is drastically improved in HPV-positive OPSCC.
THE OUTCOME OF LIMBERG FLAP RECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE FOR PRIMARY NATAL CLEFT PILONIDAL SINUS DISEASE: FOUR YEARS’ EXPERIENCE AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Chaudhry Wasif Majeed , Afza Saleem  , Jamil Maryam , Zishan Muhammad Saddique , Butt Adnan Sadiq , Dogar Muhammad Akram 
Published: April 2021

Background: Natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease is known for its high recurrence rate after surgery. Different surgical procedures are being used for its treatment and these vary from wide excision followed by healing with secondary intention to excision followed by reconstruction with a flap. Limberg flap reconstruction procedure has been used by many surgeons as their primary choice owing to its low recurrence rate and less postoperative complications.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of Limberg flap reconstruction procedure in patients with primary natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease.
Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at Ghurki trust teaching hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 2015 to December 2018. 110 consecutive patients with primary natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease were included in this study. Informed consent was taken from these patients and all patients underwent Limberg flap reconstruction procedure. The evaluated outcomes of this procedure included duration of hospital stay, postoperative pain, primary healing, surgical site Infection, seroma formation, flap necrosis and, recurrence.
Results: The patients age ranged between 18 years to 60 years. The mean age was 26.6 ±8.6 years. 73 patients (66.36 %) were males and 23 patients (33.63%) were females. The duration of disease ranged between 1 month to 6 months with a mean of 3.7±1.7 months. The mean operating time was 47.50±5.14 minutes. The mean duration of hospital stay was 1.87±0.80 days. The mean postoperative pain score calculated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) twenty-four hours after the surgery was 3.45. 95 patients (86.36%) had complete primary healing without any complication. 9 patients (8.18%) had a surgical site infection and 6 patients (5.45 %) had seroma formation. No patient suffered from flap necrosis. 2 patients (1.81%) who had complete primary healing presented with recurrence of the disease within six months of the procedure with a period of one year of follow-up designated for every patient.
Conclusion: Limberg flap reconstruction procedure is a safe and efficacious treatment option for primary natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease because it provides early complete primary healing in most patients, and shortens the duration of hospital stay thus reducing the cost of treatment. The pain scores fall in the moderate post-operative pain score category and the complication rates and the recurrence rates are very low.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN INFUSION IN REDUCING BLOOD LOSS IN FIRST TWO HOURS AT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Janjua Mahham , Maria Imran  
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of sublingual misoprostol in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss with that of intravenous (IV) oxytocin infusion in the first two hours at cesarean delivery.
STUDY DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
The study was conducted in Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore unit IV-King Edward Medical University, and the duration of the study was one year.
MATERIALS and METHODS
Eighty-two women with term singleton pregnancy undergone elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 µg sublingually or IV infusion of 20 units oxytocin in 1000ml of normal saline soon after delivery of the baby. Estimated blood loss at the surgery and within the first 2 h post-operation were measured in both groups. Side effects in both groups were also recorded.
RESULTS
Mean blood loss with misoprostol was significantly less as compared to that of oxytocin. Post-operative hemoglobin was decreased by -4.95% in sublingual misoprostol and in the oxytocin group it was decreased by -9.33%. Blood transfusion and additional uterotonic therapy were significantly higher in the oxytocin group as compared to that of misoprostol. Nausea, vomiting, and hypotension was significantly higher in oxytocin group as compared to that of the misoprostol group. On the other hand, pyrexia and shivering were significantly higher in the misoprostol group.
CONCLUSION
The results of this trial showed that sublingual misoprostol is more effective as compared to intravenous oxytocin infusion in terms of reduction of blood loss in the first two hours at the cesarean section. It offers several advantages over oxytocin including long shelf life, stability at room temperature, and oral administration which makes it a suitable uterotonic agent in low-resource areas.