bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of melt quality during polymer extrusion
Authors: Novodvorskyi Volodymyr , Shved Mykola , Shved Dmytro 
Published: December 2021

Polymer materials are widely spread and used in all industry sectors. The operating properties of polymer products make them practically indispensable in various industries. They have acquired widespread popularity and their production volumes are predicted to grow every year. The extrusion of polymers is one of the main methods for their processing. The melt uniformity is one of the main factors that influence the quality of the products and is determined by the level of mixing, i.e., by the redistribution of additives in a dispersion medium when these additives are introduced into the main polymer. The influence of working conditions, geometry of working bodies and other parameters on the melt temperature uniformity was determined. Nowadays, there are a lot of methods for determining the melt uniformity. They can be used indirectly in or after the extrusion process and can be short or long lasting, which in fact determines the acceptability of each of the methods. To determine the melt uniformity, statistical evaluation methods, which have been verified by many experiments and are well known, are often used. The analysis showed that the mixing index is most sensitive among the criteria described.
Although statistical criteria of evaluating the melt uniformity are widespread, it is better to use parameters that allow the state of the mixture to be analyzed directly in the work process for the extrusion of polymers, to identify those that depend on the mixing process. Methods and criteria for verifying the melt quality were analyzed and potential use of their temperature uniformity for measuring and evaluating the melt quality directly in the extrusion process, to eliminate the costly sampling process, was determined.
Biochar for wastewater treatment – a Minireview**
Authors: Westholm Lena Johansson 
Published: December 2021

Wastewater must be treated no matter if is reused or discharged into the environment. The cost of wastewater treatment may be rather high, though other solutions are sought. One of them is the application of filter materials. The filter materials have been used for removal of various pollutants in different kinds of wastewater and a wide range of filter materials (natural products, industrial waste products or man-made products) have been investigated. Among these filter materials, biochar has attracted increasing attention during the last decade. A large number of publications are devoted to production, properties and potential applications of biochar. They reveal that biochar is capable of removing pollutants of different kinds from wastewaters.
A number of experiments was focused on the removal of commonly found pollutants, e.g. nutrients, heavy metals, organic matters and pharmaceuticals. It was found that the origin of the feedstock and the thermochemical treatment method are tightly connected and will have an impact on the properties of the biochar. A large number of different feedstock material like wood or wood residues, garden wastes or human and animal wastes can be transformed into biochar by torrefaction and pyrolysis. Properties of biochar will depend on transformation method. Surface area, porosity, pH, surface charge, functional groups and mineral components contribute to a vast number of mechanisms that are responsible for the metal removal, e.g. electrostatic interaction between the surface of the biochar and the specific metal, the cation exchange capacity between metals and protons and the alkaline metals on the surface of the biochar, metal complexation with functional groups and precipitation of metals that form non-soluble compounds. Biochar was successfully applied in wetlands systems to increase the removal of some targeted pollutants.
Unsaturated Flow Influences the Response of Leaky Aquifer to Earth Tides
Authors: Zhu Ai-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most studies about the tidal response of leaky aquifers have treated the layered groundwater system as a classical unconfined aquifer without unsaturated flow. However, a recent study has shown that the conventional hypothesis of free drainage of groundwater to the watertable may be defective and the unsaturated flow may strongly affect their tidal response. Hence, it is critical to examine if unsaturated flow may also affect the tidal response of a layered groundwater system. In this study, we apply two-dimensional multilayered numerical simulations to examine the tidal response of unsaturated flow in a leaky aquifer. The results show that unsaturated flow on the watertable may significantly affect the tidal response of deeply buried aquifers, and the thicker the unsaturated zone is, the greater influence on the groundwater response to earth tide would be. Besides, a dimensionless quality ω∗ is introduced to estimate the effect of the unsaturated flow. When ω∗&gt;10−0.5, the effect of the unsaturated flow on the tidal response of the water level is evidently; otherwise, the effect can be neglected. We then apply the numerical model to interpret the tidal response of a well installed in Lijiang, Yunnan province, China. It perfectly explains that the phase shift and amplitude ratio, respectively, decrease and increase exponentially when the watertable is below the ground surface. This study emphasizes the necessity of considering unsaturated flow in the multilayered model to improve the accuracy of predicting the permeability of the leaky aquifer.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM BANTUAN PEMERINTAH BAGI USAHA MIKRO DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Mustofa Nida Faizatul , Ratna Yunita  
Published: December 2021

One of the government's efforts to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic which has affected several sectors, one of which is the economic sector, is by launching the Government Assistance for Micro Enterprises (BPUM) program. This BPUM aims to support and maintain the sustainability of micro-enterprises as well as a form of saving the national economy during the COVID-19 pandemic that threatens the national economy. This program was only issued during the 2019 covid pandemic, so it is still very new and there is still not much research on this program. The problem in this research is how the effectiveness of achieving the objectives, integration, and adaptation of the Government Assistance for Micro Enterprises (BPUM) program is. This research program uses a field method using a qualitative approach and uses a descriptive type of research. The results of the research are, firstly, the measure of achieving the goals has not been effective because the targets have not been fully accurate and the management of aid funds is still not in accordance with the objectives. Second, the integration measure has not been effective because there is no socialization from related parties to the prospective recipients of the BPUM program. And third, the adaptation measure has not been effective either because the implementing party did not conduct monitoring before or after receiving this assistance program.
Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi pendemi covid-19 yang mengakibatkan beberapa sektor terdampak, salah satunya sektor perekonomian yaitu dengan mencanangkan program Bantuan Pemerintah bagi Usaha Mikro (BPUM). BPUM ini bertujuan untuk mendukung dan menjaga keberlangsungan usaha mikro serta sebagai bentuk penyelamatan ekonomi Nasional pada masa pandemi covid-19 yang mengancam perekonomian Nasional. Program ini baru dikeluarkan pada saat pandemi covid tahun 2019, sehingga masih sangat baru dan masih belum banyak penelitan tentang program ini. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektivitas pencapaian tujuan, integrasi, dan adaptasi program Bantuan Pemerintah bagi Usaha Mikro (BPUM). Program Penelitian ini menggunakan metode lapangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yaitu, pertama pada ukuran pencapaian tujuan belum efektif dikarenakan target sasaran belum sepenuhnya tepat serta pengelolaan dana bantuan yang masih belum sesuai dengan tujuan. Kedua, pada ukuran integrasi belum efektif karena tidak adanya sosialisasi dari pihak terkait terhadap calon penerima program BPUM. Dan ketiga, pada ukuran adaptasi juga belum efektif karena pihak pelaksana tidak melakukan pemantauan sebelum maupun sesudah menerima program bantuan ini.
The Effect of Relative Permeability Hysteresis on the Design of an Optimal Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) Process
Authors: Kowsari M. , James L. A. , Haynes R. D. 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Water-alternating gas (WAG) as a tertiary recovery method is applied to oil reservoirs at a later stage of reservoir life to more or less success depending on field and operation. Uncertainty in WAG optimization has been shown to be dependent on several factors including reservoir characterization, WAG timing, and its operation. In this paper, we comprehensively explore WAG optimization in the context of WAG operating parameters and hysteresis, the first paper to explore both simultaneously. WAG operating parameters have been analyzed and optimized at both the core and field scale with a general conclusion that the timing, miscibility, WAG ratio, cycle time, and number of cycles play a varying role in the WAG optimization. Reservoir characterization has considered well configuration, oil type, rock properties, and hysteresis in relative permeability. Due to the cyclic nature of WAG and the dependency of the relative permeability on the saturation history, the relative permeability hysteresis modeling plays a key role in WAG performance whereby different hysteresis models will predict different results, as shown in literature. In this paper, we consider the choice of the hysteresis model and WAG operating parameters on WAG optimization. First, a sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the effect of hysteresis models (no hysteresis, Carlson, and Killough) on a large number of WAG development scenarios sampled by the Latin hypercube sampling method. Next, optimizations were conducted to compare and analyze the optimum recovery factor and corresponding optimal WAG operating parameters for various combinations of hysteresis models. The results of the study indicate that excluding hysteresis modeling from simulations would likely lead to a higher predicted produced volume of the nonwetting phases, that is, oil and gas, and a lower predicted produced volume of the wetting phase, that is, water. Also, the optimal recovery factor as well as the optimal WAG operating parameters can be significantly affected by the choice of the hysteresis models.
Harbiye (Hatay) Şelaleler Bölgesindeki Şev Duraysızlıklarının Mühendislik Jeolojisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DUYAN Mehmet , TÜRKMEN Sedat 
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Hatay İli, Defne İlçesi Harbiye Mahallesi Şelaleler bölgesinde bulunan şevlerin duraylılığı değerlendirilmiş ve bölgenin heyelan riskinin azaltılması ile ilgili uygun çözümlerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında inceleme alanında sondajlar, presiyometre deneyleri ve inklinometre ölçümleri yapılmıştır. İnceleme alanında şev duraylılık problemlerinin bulunduğu bölgedeki litolojik birimler siltli kil ve kiltaşıdır. Her birime ait kayma direnci parametreleri belirlenmiş ve Slide 3D yazılımı ile üç boyutlu şev stabilite analizi yapılmıştır. Şev stabilite analizlerinde, direk kesme deneyi, geri analiz ve RocData ile olmak üzere üç farklı yöntem kullanılarak elde edilen kayma dayanım parametreleri ayrı ayrı göz önünde bulundurulmuş ve bu üç farklı durum için güvenlik katsayısı hesaplamaları yapılmıştır.
Güvenlik katsayısı hem statik durum hem de deprem durumu senaryoları için hesaplanmıştır. İlk senaryoda, direk kesme deneyinden elde edilen kiltaşına ait parametreler kullanılmıştır. İkinci senaryoda, RocData yazılımı ile elde edilen kiltaşına ait parametreler kullanılmıştır. Üçüncü senaryoda ise geri analiz ile elde edilen kiltaşına ait parametreler kullanılmıştır. Tüm senaryolar değerlendirilmiş ve geri analiz ile
elde edilen kiltaşına ait kayma parametrelerinin bulunduğu üçüncü senaryonun gerçeğe en yakın koşulları yansıttığı görülmüştür.
Addition of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria to lower running cost during the membrane bioreactor process treating sewage
Authors: Sun Ronglin , Zhang Wenjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reducing energy consumption or running cost associated with the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process is a serious challenge that needs to be addressed in treating sewage. The addition of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) to a running MBR has the potential to lower the aeration rate, thus decreasing the running cost in treating sewage. The results obtained showed that owing to addition of AnAOB, TN and NH4+-N removal rates increased by 9.8% and 1.13%, respectively, while the aeration rate decreased by 50%. Additionally, high throughput sequencing and isotope experiments showed that both AnAOB and heterotrophic denitrification bacteria could survive simultaneously and play an important role in nitrogen removal, with AnAOB having a significantly greater contribution. It can be concluded that the addition of AnAOB reduced the running cost of MBR in treating sewage.
Sugar-Derived Amidines and Congeners: Structures, Glycosidase Inhibition
and Applications
Authors: Blériot Yves , Auberger Nicolas , Désiré Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Glycosidases, the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of glycoconjugates including di-, oligo- and polysaccharides are ubiquitous through all kingdoms of life. The extreme chemical stability of the glycosidic bond combined with the catalytic rates achieved by glycosidases makes them among the most proficient of all enzymes. Given their multitude of roles in vivo, inhibition of these enzymes is highly attractive with potential in the treatment of a vast array of pathologies ranging from lysosomal storage and diabetes to viral infections. Therefore great efforts have been invested in the last three decades to design and synthesize inhibitors of glycosidases leading to a number of drugs currently on the market. Amongst the vast array of structures that have been disclosed, sugars incorporating an amidine moiety have been the focus of many research groups around the world because of their glycosidase transition state-like structure. In this review we report and discuss the structure, the inhibition profile and the use of these molecules including related structural congeners as transition state analogs.
Identification of Potential Pleiotropic Genes for Immune and Skeletal Diseases Using Multivariate MetaCCA Analysis
Authors: He Pei , Cao Rong- Rong , Deng Fei- Yan , Lei Shu- Feng 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Immune and skeletal systems physiologically and pathologically interact with each other. The immune and skeletal diseases may share potential pleiotropic genetics factors, but the shared specific genes are largely unknown

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the overlapping genetic factors between multiple diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia and fracture)

Methods:
The canonical correlation analysis (metaCCA) approach was used to identify the shared genes for six diseases by integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS)-derived summary statistics. Versatile Gene-based Association Study (VEGAS2) method was further applied to refine and validate the putative pleiotropic genes identified by metaCCA.

Results:
About 157 (p< 8.19E-6), 319 (p<3.90E-6) and 77 (p<9.72E-6) potential pleiotropic genes were identified shared by two immune disease, four skeletal diseases, and all of the six diseases, respectively. The top three significant putative pleiotropic genes shared by both immune and skeletal diseases, including HLA-B, TSBP1 and TSBP1-AS1 (p<E-300) were located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Nineteen of 77 putative pleiotropic genes identified by metaCCA analysis were associated with at least one disease in the VEGAS2 analysis. Specifically, majority (18) of these 19 putative validated pleiotropic genes were associated with RA.

Conclusion:
The metaCCA method identified some pleiotropic genes shared by the immune and skeletal diseases. These findings help to improve our understanding of the shared genetic mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying immune and skeletal diseases.
An Overview of Databases and Bioinformatics Tools for Plant Antimicrobial
Peptides
Authors: Quintans Isadora Louise Alves da Costa Ribeiro , de Araújo João Victor Alcoforado , Rocha Lívia Noêmia Morais , de Andrade Annie Elisabeth Beltrão , do Rêgo Thaís Gaudencio , Deyholos Michael K. 
Published: December 2021

:
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, ribosomally synthesized proteins found in
nearly all forms of life. In plants, AMPs play a central role in plant defense due to their distinct
physicochemical properties. Due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and rapid killing action,
plant AMPs have become important candidates for the development of new drugs to control
plant and animal pathogens that are resistant to multiple drugs. Further research is required to explore
the potential uses of these natural compounds. Computational strategies have been increasingly
used to understand key aspects of antimicrobial peptides. These strategies will help to minimize
the time and cost of “wet-lab” experimentation. Researchers have developed various tools and
databases to provide updated information on AMPs. However, despite the increased availability of
antimicrobial peptide resources in biological databases, finding AMPs from plants can still be a difficult
task. The number of plant AMP sequences in current databases is still small and yet often redundant.
To facilitate further characterization of plant AMPs, we have summarized information on
the location, distribution, and annotations of plant AMPs available in the most relevant databases
for AMPs research. We also mapped and categorized the bioinformatics tools available in these
databases. We expect that this will allow researchers to advance in the discovery and development
of new plant AMPs with potent biological properties. We hope to provide insights to further expand
the application of AMPs in the fields of biotechnology, pharmacy, and agriculture.
Efficient High-throughput Techniques for the Analysis of Disease-
Resistant Plant Varieties and Detection of Food Adulteration
Authors: Salgotra Romesh Kumar , Bhat Javaid Akhter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Over the past two decades, the advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms
have led to the identification of numerous genes/QTLs at high-resolution for their potential
use in crop improvement. The genomic resources generated through these high-throughput sequencing
techniques have been efficiently used in screening of particular gene of interest particularly for
numerous types of plant stresses and quality traits. Subsequently, the identified-markers linked to a
particular trait have been used in marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) activities. Besides,
these markers are also being used to catalogue the food crops for detection of adulteration to improve
the quality of food. With the advancement of technologies, the genomic resources are originating
with new markers; however, to use these markers efficiently in crop breeding, high-throughput
techniques (HTT) such as multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be exploited.
Robustness, ease of operation, good reproducibility and low cost are the main advantages of multiplex
PCR and CE. The CE is capable of separating and characterizing proteins with simplicity,
speed and small sample requirements. Keeping in view the availability of vast data generated
through NGS techniques and development of numerous markers, there is a need to use these resources
efficiently in crop improvement programmes. In summary, this review describes the use of
molecular markers in the screening of resistance genes in breeding programmes and detection of
adulterations in food crops using high-throughput techniques.
Molecular Pathways, Targeted Therapies, and Proteomic Investigations of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yerlikaya Azmi , Zeren Sezgin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 data, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The risk factors for colorectal cancer include a diet abundant with fat, refined carbohydrates, animal protein, low fiber content, alcoholism, obesity, long-term cigarette smoking, low physical activity, and aging. Colorectal carcinomas are classified as adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine, squamous cell, adenosquamous, spindle cell, and undifferentiated carcinomas. In addition, many variants of colorectal carcinomas have been recently distinguished based on histological, immunological, and molecular characteristics. Recently developed targeted molecules in conjunction with standard chemotherapeutics or immune checkpoint inhibitors provide promising treatment protocols for colorectal cancer. However, the benefit of targeted therapies is strictly dependent on the mutational status of signaling molecules (e.g., KRAS) or mismatch repair systems. Here it is aimed to provide a comprehensive view of colorectal cancer types, molecular pathways associated, recently developed targeted therapies, as well as proteomic investigations applied to colorectal cancer for the discovery of novel biomarkers and new targets for treatment protocols.
Elongated Internal Carotid Arteries in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Tamada Tomoaki , Imaizumi Toshio , Komura Shoichi , Nomura Tatsufumi , Kanno Aya , Inamura Shigeru , Nonaka Tadashi 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To investigate the risk factors and asymptomatic cerebrovascular diseases associated with elongated internal carotid arteries (ICAs), and the relationship between ICA elongation and severe carotid artery (CA) stenosis

Methods:
We evaluated risk factors for stroke and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with severe CA stenosis compared with people without neurological disorders who underwent brain screening (controls). On Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images we measured the longest distance, defined as the ICA distance, from the most distant anterior wall of the cervical ICA at the site of bending or kinking to the line between the origin of the external CA and the anterior protrusion of the ICA near the petrosal bone. We retrospectively compared various asymptomatic findings, including cerebral microbleeds, lacunar infarctions, and deep white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), between participants with an ICA distance ≥ 1.2 cm vs. < 1.2 cm. The prevalence of findings and stroke risk factors were compared using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results:
We evaluated 53 patients (70.0 ± 8.1 years old, nine female) with severe CA stenosis treated by CA stenting and 400 controls (63.0 ± 9.2 years old, 227 females). Multivariate analyses showed that ICA distance ≥ 1.2 cm was associated with age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, p < 0.01), severe deep WMHs (OR = 2.0, p = 0.02), and severe CA stenosis (OR = 0.17, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
ICA elongation, measured by ICA distance, was positively associated with age and deep WMHs and negatively associated with severe CA stenosis.