bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays
Authors: Hao Qun , Tao Yu , Cao Jie , Cheng Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the past two decades, pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays has attracted extensive research interest due to its great potential for both military and civilian applications. This invited paper gives a brief review of the state‐of‐art pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays. The principle of the pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays is briefly introduced. According to the working mode of the APD arrays, we divide the current flash lidar into two types: the linear‐mode and the Geiger‐mode. The performances of the pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays working at linear‐mode and the Geiger‐mode are summarized. The opportunities and challenges in this field are also discussed. This review is expected to provide a snapshot of the current landscape of flash lidar using APD arrays to attract more interest in this field.
MASiVar: Multisite, multiscanner, and multisubject acquisitions for studying variability in diffusion weighted MRI
Authors: Cai Leon Y. , Yang Qi , Kanakaraj Praitayini , Nath Vishwesh , Newton Allen T. , Edmonson Heidi A. , Luci Jeffrey , Conrad Benjamin N. , Price Gavin R. , Hansen Colin B. , Kerley Cailey I. , Ramadass Karthik , Yeh Fang‐Cheng , Kang Hakmook , Garyfallidis Eleftherios , Descoteaux Maxime , Rheault Francois , Schilling Kurt G. , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeDiffusion‐weighted imaging allows investigators to identify structural, microstructural, and connectivity‐based differences between subjects, but variability due to session and scanner biases is a challenge.MethodsTo investigate DWI variability, we present MASiVar, a multisite data set consisting of 319 diffusion scans acquired at 3 T from b = 1000 to 3000 s/mm2 across 14 healthy adults, 83 healthy children (5 to 8 years), three sites, and four scanners as a publicly available, preprocessed, and de‐identified data set. With the adult data, we demonstrate the capacity of MASiVar to simultaneously quantify the intrasession, intersession, interscanner, and intersubject variability of four common DWI processing approaches: (1) a tensor signal representation, (2) a multi‐compartment neurite orientation dispersion and density model, (3) white‐matter bundle segmentation, and (4) structural connectomics. Respectively, we evaluate region‐wise fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and principal eigenvector; region‐wise CSF volume fraction, intracellular volume fraction, and orientation dispersion index; bundle‐wise shape, volume, fractional anisotropy, and length; and whole connectome correlation and maximized modularity, global efficiency, and characteristic path length.ResultsWe plot the variability in these measures at each level and find that it consistently increases with intrasession to intersession to interscanner to intersubject effects across all processing approaches and that sometimes interscanner variability can approach intersubject variability.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of MASiVar to more globally investigate DWI variability across multiple levels and processing approaches simultaneously and suggests harmonization between scanners for multisite analyses should be considered before inference of group differences on subjects.
Phase angle as predictor of malnutrition in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Osuna‐Padilla Iván Armando , Salazar Arenas María de los Angeles , Rodríguez‐ Moguel Nadia Carolina , Aguilar‐ Vargas Adriana , Montano Rivas Julia Aurora , Ávila‐Ríos Santiago 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhase angle (PhA), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been studied as an indicator of survival in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, it remains unclear whether PhA is associated with malnutrition or low CD4+ T‐cell counts.ObjectiveIn this study, we assessed the discriminative capacity of PhA for malnutrition detection using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in PLWH, aiming to propose cutoff points for this population.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 427 adult PLWH (13% female). Participants were classified according to malnutrition status by using GLIM criteria. Body composition was assessed by using BIA. CD4+ T‐cell counts were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsAccording to GLIM criteria, 30% of the participants were malnourished. Multivariate regression analysis showed that PhA (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05–0.18; P < 0.001), fat‐mass percentage (adjusted OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82–0.90; P < 0.001), and male sex (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.76; P = 0.013) were independently associated with malnutrition. A PhA cutoff of 5.45° in men and 4.95° in women may predict malnutrition with sensitivity and specificity >70%.ConclusionPhA could be a valid, useful, and simple predictor of malnutrition in PLWH.
Preliminary study to evaluate ethanedinitrile (C2N2) for quarantine treatment of four wood destroying pests
Authors: Park Min‐Goo , Ren Yonglin , Lee Byung‐Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyl bromide is an ozone depleting substance and is still being used for quarantine treatment of wood products and logs. Ethanedinitrile (C2N2) is a new potential alternative fumigant and has been investigated as a timber fumigant because it has shown better penetration through timber and responds fast to insects and nematodes. This article reports on laboratory and commercial‐scale trials with C2N2 for important wood destroying pests namely Tomicus piniperda (Pine bark beetle) adults, Hyphantria cunea (Fall webworm) lavae, Reticulitermes speratus (Japanese Termite) adults and Cryphalus fulvus (Scolytidae) (Yellow minute bark beetle) which naturally infests pine logs.RESULTSTomicus pi:niperda adults were more tolerance than H. cunea lavae and R. speratus adults with lethal concentration × time affecting 99% mortality (LCt99) values of 27.84, 7.49 and 3.30 g h m−3, respectively. Ethanedinitrile shows exceptionally high toxicity to adult R. speratus which was almost 26 times more toxic than methyl bromide. The complete control of larvae and adults stages of C. fulvus was achieved at concentration × time (Ct) products from 89.6 g h m−3 in a 6–8 L fumigation chamber. Temperature‐depending trials on C. fulvus were conducted with C2N2 doses of 30 at 21 ± 6 and 40 g m−3 at 9 ± 3 and 2 ± 2 °C for 24 h. The Ct products of 182.2, 227.8 and 268.6 g h m−3 were obtained and C. fulvus was completely controlled at all tested temperatures.CONCLUSIONEthanedinitrile could offer quarantine treatment for wood products and logs for the control of wood destroying insect pests and termites.
Estimating fetal exposure to the P‐gp substrates, corticosteroids, by PBPK modeling to inform prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Anoshchenko Olena , Milad Mark A. , Unadkat Jashvant D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have previously developed a maternal‐fetal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (m‐f PBPK) model to dynamically predict (and verify) fetal‐maternal exposure to drugs that passively diffuse across the placenta. Here, we extended the application of this model to dynamically predict fetal exposure to drugs which are effluxed by placental P‐glycoprotein, namely the antenatal corticosteroids (ACS; dexamethasone [DEX], and betamethasone [BET]). To do so, we estimated both the placental P‐gp mediated efflux clearance (CL) and the passive diffusion CL of the ACS. The efficacy and toxicity of the currently used maternal ACS dosing regimens to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome could be improved by altering their dosing regimens. Therefore, to illustrate the utility of our m‐f PBPK model, we used it to design alternative dosing regimens of DEX and BET that could potentially improve their efficacy and reduce their toxicity. The redesigned dosing regimens are convenient to administer, maintain maternal‐fetal exposure (area under the concentration‐time curve [AUC]) or maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) or both (DEX and BET) or minimize maternal exposure while maintaining fetal drug plasma concentrations above the minimum therapeutic threshold of 1 ng/ml for 48 h (BET only; based on efficacy data in sheep). To our knowledge, this is the first study to dynamically predict fetal plasma concentrations of placental P‐gp effluxed drugs. Our approach and our m‐f PBPK model could be used in the future to predict maternal‐fetal exposure to any drug and to design alternative dosing regimens of the drug.
Prediction of the drug–drug interaction potential of the α1‐acid glycoprotein bound, CYP3A4/CYP2C9 metabolized oncology drug, erdafitinib
Authors: De Zwart Loeckie , Snoeys Jan , Jacobs Frank , Li Lilian Y. , Poggesi Italo , Verboven Peter , Goris Ivo , Scheers Ellen , Wynant Inneke , Monshouwer Mario , Mamidi Rao N. V. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractErdafitinib is a potent oral pan‐fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor being developed as oncology drug for patients with alterations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway. Erdafitinib binds preferentially to α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) and is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and 3A4. This article describes a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for erdafitinib to assess the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 inhibitors and CYP3A4/CYP2C9 inducers on erdafitinib pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with cancer exhibiting higher AGP levels and in populations with different CYP2C9 genotypes. Erdafitinib's DDI potential as a perpetrator for transporter inhibition and for time‐dependent inhibition and/or induction of CYP3A was also evaluated. The PBPK model incorporated input parameters from various in vitro and clinical PK studies, and the model was verified using a clinical DDI study with itraconazole and fluconazole. Erdafitinib clearance in the PBPK model consisted of multiple pathways (CYP2C9/3A4, renal, intestinal; additional hepatic clearance), making the compound less susceptible to DDIs. In poor‐metabolizing CYP2C9 populations carrying the CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype, simulations shown clinically relevant increase in erdafitinib plasma concentrations. Simulated luminal and enterocyte concentration showed potential risk of P‐glycoprotein inhibition with erdafitinib in the first 5 h after dosing, and simulations showed this interaction can be avoided by staggering erdafitinib and digoxin dosing. Other than a simulated ~ 60% exposure reduction with strong CYP3A/2C inducers such as rifampicin, other DDI liabilities were minimal and considered not clinically relevant.
An Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation (IASI‐NG) channel selection for numerical weather prediction
Authors: Vittorioso F. , Guidard V. , Fourrié N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the framework of the EUMETSAT Polar System–Second Generation (EPS‐SG) preparation, a new generation of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument has been designed. The IASI‐New Generation (IASI‐NG) will measure radiances at a doubled spectral resolution compared to its predecessor and with a signal‐to‐noise ratio improved by a factor of 2. The large amount of data arising from IASI‐NG will present many challenges for data transmission, storage and assimilation. Moreover, the full set of measured radiances will not be exploitable in an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) context. For these reasons, an appropriate IASI‐NG channel selection in needed, aiming to select the most informative channels for NWP models. Therefore, the standard iterative channel selection methodology, based on the optimal linear estimation theory and assuming spectrally correlated errors, has been applied to a set of simulated data of the IASI‐NG spectrum. The entire simulated IASI‐NG spectrum has been first investigated, while finally focusing the channel selection procedure on the most interesting wavelength ranges for the assimilation. Through this process, a total of 500 channels have been chosen to serve as a basis for future channel selections to be provided to NWP centres – 277 temperature, 23 surface‐sensitive and 200 water vapour channels. One‐dimensional variational (1D‐Var) assimilation experiments show that using this selected set of channels leads to a reduction of the standard deviation of the error in temperature (up to 30%) and water vapour (up to 50%) profiles with respect to the information.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for nonlinear systems with predefined time‐varying output constraints based on Nussbaum design
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Niu Ben , Duan Peiyong , Zhao Ping , Wang Huanqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, an event‐triggered adaptive tracking control scheme is proposed for uncertain nonlinear systems with the predefined time‐varying output constraint requirements by using barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) method. One of the significant novelties in the proposed design procedure is that the event‐triggered control strategy is first designed jointly with nonlinear systems under the predefined time‐varying output constraint requirements, such that the communication resources are effectively saved. Then, we set a time in advance to make the systems begin obeying the constraint requirements before running the time by using a shifting function nested in the first BLF. Meanwhile, the requirement (the initial value of the coordinate transformation needs to be in the constraints) is released by using the shifting function. For the unknown control gains in the considered system, a Nussbaum design procedure is employed to eliminate the effects of the unknown control gains. In addition, it is proved that all signals in the whole closed‐loop system are bounded and the output constraint requirements are not violated. In the end, the simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed scheme through a practical example.
Analytical thinking, Little's Law understanding, and stock‐flow performance: two empirical studies
Authors: Hendijani Rosa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStocks and flows are the foundations of dynamic systems. Most people have difficulties inferring the behavior of a stock from its flows. Recent studies have argued that understanding of stock‐flows can improve if individuals engage in analytical thinking. In this study, we examine the effect of analytical thinking and the mediating effect of Little's Law understanding on stock‐flow performance. Little's Law is one of the fundamental laws of queueing systems. Queueing systems are made of stocks and flows and their components, including arrivals, departures, and queue are the inflow, outflow, and accumulation in stock‐flow systems. Thus, it can be predicted that grasping Little's Law can mediate the effect of analytical thinking on stock‐flow performance. In order to examine the research hypotheses, two empirical studies were designed. The results supported our hypotheses in both studies. Analytical thinking had a positive effect on stock‐flow performance. Little's Law understanding partially mediated this effect. © 2021 System Dynamics Society.
Surface acoustic wave relative humidity sensor based on sputtering SiO2 film
Authors: Yan Xiaopeng , Li Cuiping , Zhao Lei , Tian Shuzhen , Zhang Zeyu , Li Mingji , Li Hongji , Qian Lirong , Gong Xiaonan , Huang Yihang , Hou Tao , Bai Haibin , Yang Baohe 
Published: July 2021

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) relative humidity (RH) sensor was prepared by sputtering SiO2 sensing film on the total surface of an SAW resonator. The prepared humidity sensor exhibits good linear relationship under wide RH range of 10%–80%. Small hysteresis is observed during the adsorption and desorption processes. The sensitivity of the sensor is −1.14 kHz/% for the adsorption process and −1.06 kHz/% for the desorption process. The sensing mechanism of the sensor can be explained from the mass loading effect of the SiO2 film. The response time is 6.0 s and the recovery time is 21.3 s when the RH switches between 10% and 70%. Moreover, the SAW sensor also shows good repeatability and stability due to the high adhesion of the sputtering SiO2 film to the substrate.
MOFs‐Derived Fusiform In2O3 Mesoporous Nanorods Anchored with Ultrafine CdZnS Nanoparticles for Boosting Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Hongli , Tang Jiaqi , Luo Yong , Zhan Xiaoqiang , Liang Zhao , Jiang Lan , Hou Huilin , Yang Weiyou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts is one of the critically important issues for solar hydrogen production. Herein, high‐efficiency visible‐light‐driven In2O3/CdZnS hybrid photocatalysts are explored by a facile oil‐bath method, in which ultrafine CdZnS nanoparticles are anchored on NH2‐MIL‐68‐derived fusiform In2O3 mesoporous nanorods. It is disclosed that the as‐prepared In2O3/CdZnS hybrid photocatalysts exhibit enhanced visible‐light harvesting, improves charges transfer and separation as well as abundant active sites. Correspondingly, their visible‐light‐driven H2 production rate is significantly enhanced for more than 185 times to that of pristine In2O3 nanorods, and superior to most of In2O3‐based photocatalysts ever reported, representing their promising applications in advanced photocatalysts.
Synthesis of two new Hf‐MOFs with UiO‐66 and CAU‐22 structure employing 2,5‐pyrazinedicarboxylic acid as linker molecule.
Authors: Poschmann Mirjam P. M. , Waitschat Steve , Reinsch Helge , Stock Norbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo different metal‐organic frameworks containing 2,5‐pyrazinedicarboxylate (PzDC2−) as linker molecule and hexanuclear {Hf6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4} clusters were obtained under solvothermal reaction conditions at 120 °C. Formic acid as the solvent leads to the formation of Hf‐UiO‐66‐PzDC ([Hf6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4(OH)4(H2O)4(PzDC)4]), while the reaction in a water/formic acid mixture resulted in the crystallisation of Hf‐CAU‐22‐PzDC ([Hf6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4(μ‐OH)2(OH)4(H2O)4(PzDC)3]). The UiO‐66 compound is a new member of the large class of UiO‐66‐type MOFs. Hf‐CAU‐22 contains a chain of condensed {Hf6O4(OH)4(μ‐OH)4} clusters as the IBU, which is new to Hf‐MOF chemistry. For both MOFs, a detailed characterization, i. e. structure refinement from powder X‐ray diffraction data, 1H‐NMR‐spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses and N2 sorption measurements, was carried out. Hf‐UiO‐66‐PzDC undergoes a dehydration around 215 °C and framework decomposition starts at 315 °C. From N2 sorption measurements, a maximum BET surface area of 460 m2/g was determined. The dehydration of Hf‐CAU‐22‐PzDC starts at 200 °C and the framework decomposition at 325 °C. The BET surface area was determined to 170 m2/g.
The Gambling Permeation? Cultural, Social and Economic Intersections Between Games and Gambling
Authors: Wardle Heather 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGames, digital or otherwise, have always taken inspiration from their broader social, cultural and economic surroundings. They have been used to attempt to teach moral values and changed to reflect new, more modern, ideals. Their recent development is contingent on changing technological infrastructure, giving rise to a multi-billion pound entertainment commodity. Developing concurrently, gambling commodities are also deeply tied to technology with ever changing modern gambling industries reflecting shifting normative values about the role and position of gambling in our lives. As gambling has become more acceptable, more “normal”, its visibility has vastly increased. Against this backdrop it, perhaps, feels increasingly obvious that gambling would increasingly permeate digital games: game designers look to mechanics which hook people into products; games reflect broader societal trends and there is a pressing need to make returns on investments, commoditising play at a hitherto unknown scale.
Deductive Synthesis of Programs with Pointers: Techniques, Challenges, Opportunities
Authors: Itzhaky Shachar , Peleg Hila , Polikarpova Nadia , Rowe Reuben N. S. , Sergey Ilya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the main ideas behind deductive synthesis of heap-manipulating program and outlines present challenges faced by this approach as well as future opportunities for its applications.
Learning Union of Integer Hypercubes with Queries
Authors: Markgraf Oliver , Stan Daniel , Lin Anthony W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the problem of learning a finite union of integer (axis-aligned) hypercubes over the d-dimensional integer lattice, i.e., whose edges are parallel to the coordinate axes. This is a natural generalization of the classic problem in the computational learning theory of learning rectangles. We provide a learning algorithm with access to a minimally adequate teacher (i.e. membership and equivalence oracles) that solves this problem in polynomial-time, for any fixed dimension d. Over a non-fixed dimension, the problem subsumes the problem of learning DNF boolean formulas, a central open problem in the field. We have also provided extensions to handle infinite hypercubes in the union, as well as showing how subset queries could improve the performance of the learning algorithm in practice. Our problem has a natural application to the problem of monadic decomposition of quantifier-free integer linear arithmetic formulas, which has been actively studied in recent years. In particular, a finite union of integer hypercubes correspond to a finite disjunction of monadic predicates over integer linear arithmetic (without modulo constraints). Our experiments suggest that our learning algorithms substantially outperform the existing algorithms.
Sound Verification Procedures for Temporal Properties of Infinite-State Systems
Authors: Peyras Quentin , Bodeveix Jean-Paul , Brunel Julien , Chemouil David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFirst-Order Linear Temporal Logic (FOLTL) is particularly convenient to specify distributed systems, in particular because of the unbounded aspect of their state space. We have recently exhibited novel decidable fragments of FOLTL which pave the way for tractable verification. However, these fragments are not expressive enough for realistic specifications. In this paper, we propose three transformations to translate a typical FOLTL specification into two of its decidable fragments. All three transformations are proved sound (the associated propositions are proved in Coq) and have a high degree of automation. To put these techniques into practice, we propose a specification language relying on FOLTL, as well as a prototype which performs the verification, relying on existing model checkers. This approach allows us to successfully verify safety and liveness properties for various specifications of distributed systems from the literature.