bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of China’s strategy in combating the coronavirus pandemic with the 3H framework
Authors: Yu Eddie 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis paper attempts to theorise about China’s strategy in combating the coronavirus pandemic with an embryonic framework - 3H (Heart-Head-Hand) framework. By adopting a descriptive approach, the paper introduces the case of coronavirus outbreak in China and how the public health administration coped with it. The 3H framework has been applied to analyse China’s strategy, and the framework’s assumptions are initially tested.Design/methodology/approachThe pandemic case is created based on credible reports, press releases from different respected sources, World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, interview transcripts and broadcasting stations’ video clippings. Interpretive analysis with pragmatism approach has been conducted in analysing the data and information collected. Triangulation, wherever possible, has been done to validate the data and information.FindingsAs an exploratory study, its findings show that 3H framework distinguishes the effectiveness of a country’s strategy and practice for combating the pandemic. Countries, which failed to observe the assumed principles of 3H domains tend to have much more infected cases and deaths.Originality/valueThe 3H framework conceptualised a holistic management approach and its assumptions have been initially tested with this pandemic case. The framework shows its predictability value for a country’s pandemic management effectiveness.
Learning in multi-team systems: a qualitative study of learning triggers, readiness to learn and learning processes
Authors: Sessa Valerie I. , Francavilla Jessica L. , London Manuel , Wanamaker Marlee 
Published: April 2021

PurposeMulti-team systems (MTSs) are expected to respond effectively to complex challenges while remaining responsive and adaptable and preserving inter-team linking mechanisms. The leadership team of an MTS is expected to configure and reconfigure component teams to meet the unique needs of each situation and perform. How do they learn to do this? This paper, using a recent MTS learning theory as a basis, aims to begin to understand how MTSs learn and stimulate ideas for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use two case studies to address research questions. The first case was a snapshot in time, while the second case occurred over several months. Interviews, documents and participant observation were the data sources.FindingsAs suggested by theory, findings support the idea that learning triggers, the timing of the triggers and readiness to learn (RtL) affect the type of learning process that emerges. The cases showed examples of adaptive and generative team learning. Strong and clear triggers, occurring during performance episodes, led to adaptive learning. When RtL was high and triggers occurred during hiatus periods, the associated learning process was generative.Originality/valueUsing an available theoretical model and case studies, the research describes how MTS readiness to learn and triggers for learning affect MTS learning processes and how learning outcomes became codified in the knowledge base or structure of the MTS. This provides a framework for subsequent qualitative and quantitative research.
The study of diffusion characteristics of soil bentonite to control contaminant transport
Authors: Mahallei Hamed , Badv Kazem 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess sand-bentonite liners (SBL) which could be used as hydraulic barriers with a controllable quality, relatively low cost and easy operation in solid waste landfills.

Design/methodology/approach
These barriers have been used successfully in various applications and have attracted much attention in a short period of time. The only precautionary use of SBLs is related to the change of their hydraulic properties in high alkaline chemical environments. The main reason for this phenomenon is the presence of high ion exchange minerals in bentonite. By exposure to these environments, it is also laid open to degradation of the montmorillonite microstructure leads to change in hydraulic behavior. Three different compounds were used for laboratory-scale SBL, and diffusion was considered as the dominant mechanism of contamination transmission in these liners. Chlorine ion has been used as pollutant, and its diffusion coefficient was determined in the tested SBLs.

Findings
The sample’s diffusion coefficient for the first experiment containing 3% bentonite and 97% Semnan sand were 2.5 × 10^(−9) (m^2/s) and 2.44 × 10 ^(−9) (m^2/s), respectively. Similarly, for two samples with 6% bentonite and 94% Semnan sand, this parameter was equal to 2.17 × 10 ^(−9) (m^2/s) and 2.22 × 10 ^(−9) (m^2/s) and for two samples with 3% agglacial clay, 12% bentonite and 85% Semnan sand was 5.55 × 10 ^(−10) (m^2/s) and 6.11 × 10 ^(−10) (m^2/s). These values correspond to the range reported in previous studies. Also, it was observed that with comparing the diffusion coefficients of test, it was concluded that with increasing bentonite, the molecular diffusion decreases significantly.

Originality/value
In this study, three laboratory samples with different percentages of bentonite, clay and sand were considered and the results obtained from the laboratory were compared with the results obtained from numerical modeling.
The short‐term economywide impacts of COVID‐19 in Africa: Insights from Ethiopia
Authors: Aragie Emerta , Taffesse Alemayehu Seyoum , Thurlow James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 impact on the global economy combined with partial lockdown measures in Ethiopia represents a large, unprecedented shock to the country's economy. The social accounting matrix (SAM) multiplier model, built on the most up‐to‐date SAM (2017) for Ethiopia, shows that the country suffered a 14.3% loss in GDP (Birr 43.5 billion or US$1.9 billion) during the lockdown period compared to the no‐COVID case during the same period. Nearly two‐thirds of the losses come from the services sector. Although no direct restrictions were imposed on the agriculture sector, which is the primary means of livelihood for most, the sector faces a 4.7% loss in output due to its linkages with the rest of the economy. We find dissimilar income and poverty effects across households by income quintile and level of urbanization. The study also considers two recovery scenarios and generates relevant insights on the potential impacts of COVID‐19 by the end of 2020. The earmarked relief and recovery plan resources can only help the economy to recover if targeted in an efficient way towards sectors most affected by COVID‐19, and further resources are mobilized to support strategic sectors—those with the highest economywide multiplier effects—and vulnerable communities.
Role of controlling shareholders on the performance of efficient African banks
Authors: Ladime Jonas , Brahmana Rayenda Khresna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the moderating role of controlling shareholders on the relationship between bank efficiency and bank performance by considering a sample of 298 African banks for the 2006–2015 period. We use panel corrected standard error of Beck and Katz with robust standard error and country effect clustered. Our findings reveal three important findings. First, efficiency has a positive relationship with performance. Second, family‐owned and foreign‐owned banks have outperformed their peers. Third, there is a moderating effect of controlling shareholders on the bank efficiency–performance nexus; however, the moderating effect is small. Our findings support the alignment hypothesis of agency theory. Practitioners should consider controlling shareholders in examining the performance of efficient banks.
Contested Subjects of Human Rights: Trans‐ and Gender‐variant Subjects of International Human Rights Law
Authors: Duffy Sandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGendered identities and gender variance have become a regular subject of the discourse of the United Nations human rights protection mechanisms. This article explores the manner in which gender identities are discussed, constructed, and regulated by the international human rights law system. Through use of postcolonial and feminist theoretical lenses, it argues that the emergence of multiple gendered identities into the legal mainstream has required the United Nations human rights bodies to expand their concepts of gender and to develop a new vocabulary and jurisprudence of gender variance. The article examines the language used in the construction of gendered subjects and its relationship to dynamics of state and postcolonial power. It also introduces the concept of the ‘cisgender matrix’ to international human rights law, expressing the hierarchical social privilege given to binary, stable gendered identities over gender‐variant ones.
How Stakeholders React to Issues with Risk Implications: Extending a Relational Perspective of Issues Management
Authors: Zhan Mengqi Monica , Zhao Xinyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtending the relational perspective of strategic issues management, this study investigates the relational outcomes of potential risks associated with organizational issues and explores the moderators of the risk perception and relational outcomes relationships. The results from a between‐subjects factorial experiment (N = 297) revealed that stakeholders' perceived risks led to negative word‐of‐mouth (NWOM) intentions. Furthermore, fear and anger amplified the relationship between perceived risks and NWOM intentions, whereas efficacy‐enhancing communication alleviated the negative relationship between perceived risks and organization–public relationships. Crisis and issue managers are recommended to mitigate stakeholders' negative emotions and use efficacy‐enhancing communication to help stakeholders interpret the risks.
The Meishan pig genome reveals structural variation‐mediated gene expression and phenotypic divergence underlying Asian pig domestication
Authors: Zhou Rong , Li Shang‐Tong , Yao Wen‐Ye , Xie Chun‐Di , Chen Zhiqiang , Zeng Zhi‐Jie , Wang Di , Xu Kui , Shen Zhao‐Ji , Mu Yulian , Bao Wenbin , Jiang Wenkai , Li Ruiqiang , Liang Qiqi , Li Kui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are wide genomic and phenotypic differences between Asian and European pig breeds, yet the current reference genome is the European Duroc pig genome. A high‐quality pig genome is lacking for genetic analysis of agricultural traits in Asian pigs. Here, using a hybrid approach, a high‐quality reference genome (MSCAAS v1) for the Asian Meishan breed is assembled with a contig N50 size of 48.05 Mb. MSCAAS v1 outperforms the Duroc genome as a reference genome for Asian breeds. Genomic comparison reveals 49,103 structural variations (SVs) between Meishan and Duroc, 4.02% of which are Asian‐specific SVs (AP‐SVs). Notably, a 30‐Mb hotspot for AP‐SVs on chromosome X enriched for genes associated with Asian‐pig‐specific phenotypes is present in Asian domestic pig breeds, but absent in Asian wild boars, suggesting that Asian domestic breeds share a common ancestor. Interbreed transcriptomics reveals transcriptional suppression roles of AP‐SVs in multiple tissues. Finally, transcriptional regulation in the intron of IGF2R is reported, as genomic SV (274‐bp deletion) in Tibetan pig limits its growth compared to domestic pig breeds. In summary, this study provides insights regarding the genetic changes underlying pig domestication and presents a benchmark‐setting resource for the utilization of agricultural valuable loci in Asian pigs.
Neurometabolic alterations in the nucleus accumbens of smokers assessed with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The role of glutamate and neuroinflammation
Authors: Steinegger Colette A. , Zoelch Niklaus , Hock Andreas , Henning Anke , Engeli Etna J.E. , Seifritz Erich , Hulka Lea M. , Herdener Marcus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTobacco use is one of the leading causes of premature death and morbidity worldwide. For smokers trying to quit, relapse rates are high, even after prolonged periods of abstinence. Recent findings in animal models highlight the role of alterations in glutamatergic projections from the prefrontal cortex onto the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in relapse vulnerability. Moreover, inflammatory responses in the NAc have been reported during withdrawal.A novel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) protocol was applied in humans to measure molar concentrations for glutamate, its sum with glutamine (Glx), and myoinositol plus glycine (mI + Gly) in the NAc (19 smokers, 20 matched controls). Smokers were measured at baseline and during withdrawal and satiation.No difference between groups or smoking states was found for glutamate or Glx, but, in smokers, stronger craving and more severe nicotine dependence were associated with lower baseline glutamate and Glx levels, respectively. Interestingly, mI + Gly concentrations were higher during withdrawal than baseline and correlated negatively with nicotine dependence severity and pack years of smoking.The lack of glutamatergic changes between groups and smoking states may imply that glutamate homeostasis is not significantly altered in smokers or that changes are too small for detection by 1H‐MRS. Moreover, the observed increase in mI + Gly may imply that neuroinflammatory processes occur in the NAc during nicotine withdrawal. These findings shed light on neurobiological relapse mechanisms in smokers and may provide the opportunity to develop more effective treatment options targeting the glutamate and neuroinflammation system.
Leadership and surgical training part 1: preparing to lead the way?
Authors: Barnes Tracey , Rennie Sarah C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvery day surgeons lead teams on the wards, in clinics and operating theatres, but most trainees and some surgeons do not consider themselves as leaders. Leadership skills are increasingly important for surgeons, who need knowledge of organizational structure and policy, management strategy and team dynamics to deliver and improve health care in resource‐constrained environments. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons recognizes leadership as one of 10 core surgical competencies but leadership curricula within surgical training programmes are not well defined. There is limited opportunity for formal leadership training and development prior to becoming a consultant.
Gamifying health literacy: how can digital technology optimize patient outcomes in surgery?
Authors: Davaris Myles T. , Bunzli Samantha , Dowsey Michelle M. , Choong Peter F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe digital age is entrenched in our society, with constant innovation driving change in the way clinicians and patients manage their health concerns. Health literacy is emerging as an important modifiable factor that can affect clinical and patient outcomes, yet traditional forms of patient education have shown mixed results. Digital media and technologies, the concept of gamification as a means to improve patient health literacy, and its potential for misuse will be explored in this review, in the context of a digital, gamified tool that could support patients along their surgical journey.
Quality‐of‐life outcomes after operative management of primary and secondary lymphoedema: a systematic review
Authors: Tang Nicholas S. J. , Ramakrishnan Anand , Shayan Ramin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymphoedema is an incurable and progressive disease that affects not only physical function but overall quality of life. Surgical treatment options for the management of lymphoedema are being increasingly performed. This study aims to review post‐operative health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) following surgical treatment of lymphoedema.MethodsA systematic search of the PubMed and Medline databases was performed from the date of their inception until September 2018 to evaluate HRQOL following different surgical options for the treatment of lymphoedema.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen articles were identified. Twenty‐one articles were included in the final review, comprising a total of 736 patients. HRQOL improvements appear to be sustained for at least 6–12 months post‐operatively. In particular, major benefits were noted in the domains based around physical functioning. Patient satisfaction similarly mirrors HRQOL improvements, following an initial dip in the immediate post‐operative period.ConclusionAll surgical treatment modalities for the management of lymphoedema confer significant HRQOL improvements across a diverse range of health domains, with this critical outcome of surgery an important pre‐operative consideration. Recommendations for ongoing research are suggested.
Microvascular reconstruction of head and neck defects in the elderly
Authors: Every James , Subramaniam Narayana , Dawson Rebecca , Ch'ng Sydney , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Palme Carsten E. , Clark Jonathan , Wykes James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular free‐flap reconstruction of the head and neck is a common technique utilized across many ages. The purpose of this study was to identify if advanced age or comorbidity was associated with worse post‐operative outcomes in patients undergoing free‐flap reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 344 consecutive patients undergoing free‐flap surgery of the head and neck. Demographic, clinical and pathological factors were considered along with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of age, CCI or ASA with post‐operative complications.ResultsElderly patients (≥75 years) had a higher overall complication rate (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, P = 0.04) that was restricted to medical complications (OR 2.1, P = 0.05) and not surgical complications (OR 1.4, P = 0.14). Reconstructions of defects from cutaneous malignancy predominated in the elderly cohort (48% versus 29%, P < 0.01), but there was no difference in complication rate when cutaneous or mucosal subgroups were separated by age. ASA IV status was weakly associated with surgical complications (OR 3.89, P = 0.053), but CCI and elderly age were not associated with any outcome. Median length of stay was similar between age groups.ConclusionFree‐flap reconstruction in older patients was associated with increased medical complications, and surgical complications were weakly associated with ASA status. Advanced age or comorbidity should not preclude microvascular reconstruction, but comorbid status should be optimized pre‐operatively and factors predisposing to medical complications minimized where possible.
Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pedersen Karina E. , Jia Xue , Holubar Stefan D. , Steele Scott R. , Lightner Amy L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimDespite good overall outcomes in most patients undergoing ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), there is still hesitation about performing an IPAA in older patients due to the comorbidity burden and concern about incontinence. The aim of this work was to identify short‐ and long‐term outcomes in older patinets undergoing IPAA to determine the perioperative safety and long‐term functional success of IPAA in older patients.MethodA literature search was performed for all publications on IPAA in adults aged ≥50 years that reported short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Data extraction included demographics, 30‐day outcomes, long‐term functional outcomes and pouch failure. Data were further separated by age group (50–65 and ≥65 years). Outcomes were compared between age groups. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsOf 1053 publications reviewed, 13 full papers were included in the analysis. The overall 30‐day morbidity and mortality rates were 47.3% and 1.3%, respectively. Thirty‐day postoperative rates of small bowel obstruction and pelvic sepsis were 7.6% and 9.9%, respectively. After a median follow‐up time of 62 months, rates of pouchitis, incontinence and pouch failure were 13.9%, 17.5% and 7.5%, respectively. There was no statically significant difference in rates of short‐ or long‐term functional outcomes based on age 50–65 versus ≥65 years.ConclusionIncreasing age did not increase the rate of short‐ or long‐term outcomes, including pouch failure. These data suggest that the decision for IPAA construction should not be based on age alone.
How is the education component of pulmonary rehabilitation delivered in practice––Is it patient‐centred?
Authors: Roberts Nicola J. , Kidd Lisa , Kirkwood Kim , Cross Jane , Partridge Martyn R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) involves a significant component of education, but little has been published on what educational content is covered or how it is delivered. This survey study set out to investigate how PR education is delivered in practice.MethodsA survey was designed to investigate the current educational delivery and which topics respondents reported should be included in a PR programme. The survey was sent to 11 Scottish PR Action group regional leads.ResultsNine completed the questionnaire (81.8%). Education was reported to be predominately group‐based and face‐to‐face (n = 9, 100%) consisting of between 6 and 12 sessions. Most educational topics lasted 15 min or less, some topic areas were not consistently covered. The educational content was variable and not personalised to individual needs. Three health areas undertook informal literacy assessment at baseline assessment and when tailoring COPD plans. Often attendance at educational sessions was not needed to ‘complete’ PR.ConclusionsContent and delivery of educational topics were varied, and no consistent outcome measure to assess the effectiveness of education was used.Practice implicationsEducation needs to be delivered in a patient‐centred way tailoring for literacy skills using a range of different teaching approaches and aids.
Leadership and Leader Development: Perspectives from Museum and Academic Library Professionals
Authors: Johnson Julie I. , Sobczak Patricia D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines museum and academic library professionals’ perceptions of leadership, leader development, and the nature of leader development opportunities available to them. We compare these perceptions based on functional positions of staff as senior, middle, or non‐managers, which facilitates a deeper understanding of the data. Analysis reveals there are significant differences in the perception of leadership and leader practices between managers (senior and middle) and non‐managers; this gap is prevalent in both museums and academic libraries. There are also significant differences with respect to what leader development activities are available to whom and who is selected for these activities. Results point to the need for more intentional, equitable, and focused efforts to develop leader capacity so that museums and libraries are better positioned to meet current and future societal challenges. Finally, we provide some suggestions for future practice and research.