bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak and strong ties and its connection to experts' problem-solving styles in scaffolding students' PBL activities on social media
Authors: Abdullah Aznur Hajar , Neo Tse Kian , Low Jing Hong 
Published: December 2021

Background: Studies have acknowledged that social media enables students to connect with and learn from experts from different ties available in the students’ personal learning environment (PLE). Incorporating experts into formal learning activities such as scaffolding problem-solving tasks through social media, allows students to understand how experts solve real-world problems. However, studies that evaluate experts’ problem-solving styles on social media in relation to the tie strength of the experts with the students are scarce in the extant literature. This study aimed to explore the problem-solving styles that the experts portrayed based on their ties with the students in problem-based learning (PBL) on Facebook. Methods: This study employed a simultaneous within-subject experimental design which was conducted in three closed Facebook groups with 12 final year management students, six business experts, and one instructor as the participants. The experts were invited by the students from the weak and strong ties in their PLE. Hinging on the Strength of Weak Ties Theory (Granovetter, 1973) and problem-solving styles (Selby et al., 2004), this study employed thematic analysis using the ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software to map the experts’ comments on Facebook. Results: The experts from strong and weak ties who had a prior relationship with the students showed people preference style by being more sensitive to the students' learning needs and demonstrating firmer scaffolding compared to the weak ties' experts who had no prior relationship with the students. Regardless of the types of ties, all experts applied all manner of processing information and orientation to change but the degree of its applications are correlated with the working experience of the experts. Conclusion: The use of weak or strong ties benefited the students as it expedited their problem-solving tasks since the experts have unique expertise to offer depending on the problem-solving styles that they exhibited.
Elitist Democracy as the Root of Populist Counter-Revolution: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Lewandowski Arkadiusz 
Published: December 2021

The article aims to critically discuss elitist democracy as one of the possible causes of the contemporary crisis of liberal democracy. The research problem is the question about the essential elements of the concept of elitist democracy, which potentially account for the populist counter-revolution aimed at changing the political systems formed after 1989.
The theoretical background of this paper is provided by the studies on the crisis of democracy, which have been conducted in recent years and presented by Jan Zielonka, or the duets of Ivan Krastev and Stephen Holmes as well as Roger Eatwell and Matthew Goodwin.
The analysis makes it possible to state that relations between elites and non-elites are crucial for elitist democracy, and they include the process of elites distancing themselves from non-elites, depreciating the needs of non-elites and their importance within the political system, and privileging the position of the elites. In turn, the indicated features of elitist democracy constitute the areas of populist criticism of liberal democracy.
Feasibility of the basic movements of Azeri dance in the balance and posture of a person with Parkinson's disease: ABA single-subject design
Authors: Shams Amir Samadi , Rezaei Mandana , Havaei Naser , Mohammadi Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Background/aims Basic movements of Azeri dance as an intervention may have an impact on the physical and mental status of people with Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of basic movements of Azeri dance on the balance and static posture of a person with Parkinson's disease. The effects of basic movements of Azeri dance on quality of life, quality of sleep and the performance in activities of daily living were reported before and after the intervention. Methods In this single-subject experimental ABA design, a 64-year-old man with a 4-year history of Parkinson's disease was selected. The outcome measures consisted of the Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go Test, qualitative static posture analysis, Short Form Health Survey, Modified Barthel Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results An increasing trend in balance from the initial baseline stage through to the end of the intervention stage was found. Static posture analysis showed that the patient's posture improved qualitatively. His quality of life score changed after the intervention; however, his sleep quality and activites of daily living scores did not change. Conclusions Basic movements of Azeri dance are useful in the rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's disease who have balance issues and postural instability, but further research is warranted.
Maneuverability of Wheeled Poly-Articulated Agricultural Vehicles: Modeling and Field Testing
Authors: Yatskul Andrii , Cointault Frederic , Lemiere Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsModeling provides the relationships between path, kinematics, geometry, and towed implements.Linear interpolation allows trajectories to be compared if data recording is random.Correction coefficients can be a solution to compensate for soil resistance.Abstract. Automatic guidance systems and autonomous vehicles require tested methods of path generation to ensure successful maneuvers (such as automatic trajectory correction and headland turn management). In this study, an evolution of Zakin’s kinematic modeling, as applied in the automobile industry, is proposed for an agricultural poly-articulated vehicle (representing a tractor or other type of towing vehicle with one or more towed implements attached with an articulated hitch). Geometry, vehicle ground speed, and angular steering velocity are considered in the generation of maneuvering paths. Based on the specifics of real field conditions (slope, plant residue, resistance due to soil compaction, etc.), the initial model was improved by introducing correction coefficients. An experimental setup is proposed using a tractor with two towed implements and a testing method involving point-to-point path comparison. The modeling method has potential for integrating more complex procedures (such as path generation, geolocation, and following) into the design of a maneuvering management system for agricultural machines, which can contribute to the efficiency of field operations. Keywords: Agricultural vehicle, Headland turn automation, Maneuverability, Modeling, Path generation, Path planning, Poly-articulated vehicle.
Ammonia Concentrations and Emissions at Two Commercial Manure-Belt Layer Houses with Mixed Tunnel and Cross Ventilation
Authors: Tong Xinjie , Zhao Lingying , Manuzon Roderick B. , Darr Matthew J , Knight Reyna M , Wang Chaoyuan , Heber Albert J , Ni Ji Qin 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsAnnual average NH3 concentrations in two retrofitted manure-belt layer houses were 4.0 ±3.3 and 5.2 ±3.0 ppmv.Seasonal and diurnal variations were observed for NH3 concentrations (higher in colder seasons and early morning).Annual average NH3 emission rates from the two layer houses were 0.081 ±0.004 and 0.099 ±0.004 g d-1 hen-1.No consistent pattern was found for either seasonal or diurnal variations in NH3 emission rates.Abstract. Ammonia emission measurements at poultry houses are necessary to assess air quality and emission factors associated with poultry operations, but no data have been reported for manure-belt layer houses retrofitted from high-rise layer houses. Two commercial retrofitted manure-belt layer houses (both 121.9 m long, 19.5 m wide, and 7.7 m high; 170,000 bird nominal capacity each) in Ohio with mixed usage of tunnel and cross ventilation systems were continuously monitored for one year. The daily averages of the exhaust NH3 concentrations varied from 0.03 to 17.7 ppmv in house 1 and 0.37 to 14.4 ppmv in house 2 with annual means (±SD) of 4.0 ±3.3 and 5.2 ±3.0 ppmv, respectively. The NH3 emission factors based on the full year of data for houses 1 and 2 were 0.081 ±0.004 and 0.099 ±0.004 g d-1 hen-1 (12.5 ±10.1 and 15.2 ±10.6 kg d-1 house-1 or 24.9 ±20.0 and 31.1 ±23.4 g d-1 AU-1), respectively. Seasonal variations were observed for NH3 concentrations, with higher concentrations in winter and lower concentrations in summer. Within a day, NH3 concentrations were highest from 4:00 to 8:00 and lowest from 16:00 to 20:00. No consistent pattern was observed for seasonal or diurnal variations of NH3 emission rates. Higher NH3 concentrations and emissions were observed at the east and west exhaust air streams of the houses compared to the north and south exhaust air streams due to the unique configuration of the ventilation systems. NH3 emission was correlated with exhaust absolute humidity, hen caloric intake, feed consumption, and protein percentage of feed. Keywords: Ammonia emission factor, Diurnal variation, High-rise, Retrofitted poultry house, Seasonal variation, Spatial variation.
Research in International Transfer of Vocational Education and Training – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Toepper Miriam , Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia Olga , Kühling-Thees Carla 
Published: December 2021

Context: The transfer of vocational education and training (VET) has a long tradition and can be based on various conceptual and methodical approaches. Transfer process and success can be influenced by numerous factors at different levels (systemic, institutional and individual). However, the existing research on the challenges and success factors of VET transfer is very heterogenous and fragmented. Method: To provide a comprehensive and structured overview of the current state of the international research on transfer in the context of VET, we conducted a literature review, which is presented here. Using the method of systematic literature review, a total of 231 studies were found and 41 studies were selected based on the defined criteria for full text analysis. Findings: Various specific research foci and analytical approaches used on the included studies were identified and documented. The transfer of a dual VET system or its elements is based on different approaches and perspectives of the recipient country and the transferee. Major challenges for the transfer of dual VET systems include the social reputation of VET in the recipient countries and (language- and culture-related) communication difficulties between the involved parties. For a successful transfer of VET, a deeper knowledge of the contextual conditions in the recipient country are of particular importance, as well as a close, longstanding cooperation between the involved parties. Conclusion: The generated knowledge about key contextual conditions at the individual, company and systemic level in the context of VET transfer can provide a valuable basis for future VET cooperation.
1.7  µm gain-switched and mode-locked hybrid Tm–Ho codoped fiber laser signal generation and optimization
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Peng , Fan Yunlong , Ning Yuzhu , Wei Jia , Tong Shoufeng 
Published: December 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate 1.7 µm gain-switched and mode-locked hybrid laser signal generation using a modulated pump and the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect. In the laser scheme, a 1.55 µm amplified modulated optical signal was used as a homemade pump. A bidirectional pumping configuration was adopted by splitting the homemade pump. A 1 m long thulium–holmium (Tm–Ho) codoped fiber was used as the gain medium. A fiber Bragg grating was employed as a spectral filter. The mode-locked laser pulse was obtained with a central wavelength of 1724 nm. The repetition rate was 11.81 MHz and the pulse width was 65.27 ps. Additionally, the gain-switched pulse sequences with a repetition rate from 50 kHz to 200 kHz were obtained by the modulated pump. Moreover, the mode-locked pulse train was filtered and modulated by the shape of the gain-switched pulse, and the hybrid pulse train was then obtained. Furthermore, the hybrid laser signals were analyzed and optimized by applying different waveforms of the modulated pump. The experimental results showed that the generated laser pulse driven by the sinusoidal signal has a better SNR (49.39 dB).
Kollaboration mit Extended-Reality-Systemen – eine Kategorisierung
Authors: Schopf Peter , Jonas Julia M. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Technologien Augmented Reality (AR) und Virtual Reality (VR), die mit dem Überbegriff Extended Reality (XR) zusammengefasst werden, beeinflussen die Möglichkeiten der Kommunikation und Kollaboration grundlegend. Sie können intuitiv als Schnittstelle diverser Informationsquellen genutzt werden und bieten neue Arten der Informationsdarstellung. Extended-Reality-Systeme (XRS) bauen auf diesen beiden Technologien, AR und VR, auf und haben großes Potenzial für ein breites Spektrum an Anwendungsfällen, insbesondere für Kollaborationen.Trotz dieses Potenzials ist bisher oft nicht klar, wann, wo und wie XRS sinnvoll eingesetzt werden können. Dies verzögert Innovationen und die Einführung in Arbeitsprozesse. Bei Entscheidern ist die Abgrenzung zwischen AR und VR teilweise unzureichend bekannt bzw. es fehlt die Terminologie, um die unterschiedlichen Systeme adäquat zu beschreiben. An dieser Stelle setzt diese konzeptuelle Arbeit an. Sie hat zum Ziel, das Verständnis der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von XRS für Kollaborationen zu erleichtern sowie bei der Terminologie zu unterstützen. Aufbauend auf einer zentralen Taxonomie aus dem Bereich ‚Computer-Supported Cooperative Work‘ (CSCW) wird eine Kategorisierung von XRS für Kollaborationen entwickelt. Ein Vergleich mit bereits bestehenden Taxonomien zeigt die Notwendigkeit einer praktisch anwendbaren und unkompliziert handhabbaren Kategorisierung für die Praxis.Diese Arbeit trägt durch Kategorisierung, Terminologie und Illustrationen, zu einem besseren Verständnis von XRS-Einsatzmöglichkeiten bei. Dazu werden Illustrationen aus dem Umfeld von industriellen Baustellen genutzt.
Association between salt intake and long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Hitomi Yasumasa , Takata Hiroya , Ushiya Shinji , Yamada Masahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Konishi Takahiro , Takeda Yuuki , Sumino Yuuki , Mizo Masaya , Tsuji Yoshihiro , Nishimura Masato , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

Background
The association between salt intake and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients has been controversial. This study aimed to clarify the association between salt intake and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Method
The present study included patients who underwent hemodialysis from June 1st 2016 to May 31st 2020. Corrected salt intake by ideal body weight was the main predictor of outcomes. Ideal body weight was calculated assuming that the ideal body mass index is 22 kg/m2 for the Japanese population. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the association between corrected salt intake and mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. The outcomes considered were all-cause mortality and cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events at year 4.

Result
A total of 492 adult patients were enrolled in the study. The mean daily salt intake and corrected salt intake at baseline were 9.5 g/day and 0.17 g/kg/day, respectively. The low corrected salt intake group (< 0.13 g/kg/day) demonstrated the highest 4-year all-cause mortality. No association was observed between corrected salt intake and the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, only the group with corrected salt intake of 0.16–0.20 g/kg/day was associated with a decreased hazard risk for all-cause death compared with the low corrected salt intake group.

Conclusion
The present study found that a low salt intake was associated with high all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. Reduced long-term survival may be attributed to malnutrition resulting from excessive salt restriction.
Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in three large regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nersesov Alexander , Gusmanov Arnur , Crape Byron , Junusbekova Gulnara , Berkinbayev Salim , Jumabayeva Almagul , Kaibullayeva Jamilya , Madenova Saltanat , Novitskaya Mariya , Nazarova Margarita , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Ashimkhanova Aiymkul , Kadyrzhanuly Kainar , Atageldiyeva Kuralay , Vento Sandro , Issanov Alpamys 
Published: December 2021

Background & aims
Kazakhstan has implemented comprehensive programs to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. This study aims to assess seroprevalence and risk factors for HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity in three large regions of Kazakhstan.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions geographically remote from each other. Participants were randomly selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed by a questionnaire based on the WHO STEP survey instrument. Blood samples were collected for HBsAg and anti-HCV testing.

Results
A total of 4,620 participants were enrolled. The seroprevalence was 5.5% (95%CI: 3.6%-8.4%) for HBsAg and 5.1% (95%CI: 3.5%-7.5%) for anti-HCV antibodies. Both were more prevalent in the western and northern regions than in the southern. A history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with anti-HCV presence, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.10 (95%CI: 1.37–3.21) and was borderline associated with HBsAg 1.39 (95%CI: 0.92–2.10), respectively. Having a family member with viral hepatitis was also borderline associated (2.09 (95%CI: 0.97–4.50)) with anti-HCV positivity.

Conclusions
This study found a high-intermediate level of endemicity for HBsAg and a high level of endemicity for anti-HCV antibodies in three large regions of Kazakhstan. We found that history of surgery was not associated with HbsAg neither with anti-HCV seropositivity rates. Blood transfusion was associated with anti-HCV seropositivity, however, to investigate effectiveness of the introduced comprehensive preventive measures in health care settings, there is a need to conduct further epidemiological studies.
Association between statin use and clinical course, microbiologic characteristics, and long-term outcome of early Lyme borreliosis. A post hoc analysis of prospective clinical trials of adult patients with erythema migrans
Authors: Stupica Daša , Bajrović Fajko F. , Blagus Rok , Cerar Kišek Tjaša , Collinet-Adler Stefan , Ružić-Sabljić Eva , Velušček Maša 
Published: December 2021

Background
Statins were shown to inhibit borrelial growth in vitro and promote clearance of spirochetes in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis (LB). We investigated the impact of statin use in patients with early LB.

Methods
In this post-hoc analysis, the association between statin use and clinical and microbiologic characteristics was investigated in 1520 adult patients with early LB manifesting as erythema migrans (EM), enrolled prospectively in several clinical trials between June 2006 and October 2019 at a single-center university hospital. Patients were assessed at enrollment and followed for 12 months.

Results
Statin users were older than patients not using statins, but statin use was not associated with Borrelia seropositivity rate, Borrelia skin culture positivity rate, or disease severity as assessed by erythema size or the presence of LB-associated symptoms. The time to resolution of EM was comparable in both groups. The odds for incomplete recovery decreased with time from enrollment, were higher in women, in patients with multiple EM, and in those reporting LB-associated symptoms at enrollment, but were unaffected by statin use.

Conclusion
Statin use was not associated with clinical and microbiologic characteristics or long-term outcome in early LB.
Molecular characterization of xerosis cutis: A systematic review
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Lechner Anna , Vogt Annika , Blume-Peytavi Ulrike , Kottner Jan 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundXerosis cutis or dry skin is a highly prevalent dermatological disorder especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying health conditions. In the past decades, numerous molecular markers have been investigated for their association with the occurrence or severity of skin dryness. The aim of this review was to summarize the molecular markers used in xerosis cutis research and to describe possible associations with different dry skin etiologies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of molecular markers of xerosis cutis caused by internal or systemic changes. References published between 1990 and September 2020 were searched using ‘MEDLINE’, ‘EMBASE’ and ‘Biological abstracts’ databases. Study results were summarized and analyzed descriptively. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42020214173).ResultsA total of 21 study reports describing 72 molecules were identified including lipids, natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), proteins including cytokines and metabolites or metabolic products. Most frequently reported markers were ceramides, total free fatty acids, triglycerides and selected components of NMFs. Thirty-one markers were reported only once. Although, associations of these molecular markers with skin dryness were described, reports of unclear and/or no association were also frequent for nearly every marker.ConclusionAn unexpectedly high number of various molecules to quantify xerosis cutis was found. There is substantial heterogeneity regarding molecular marker selection, tissue sampling and laboratory analyses. Empirical evidence is also heterogeneous regarding possible associations with dry skin. Total free fatty acids, total ceramide, ceramide (NP), ceramide (NS), triglyceride, total free amino acids and serine seem to be relevant, but the association with dry skin is inconsistent. Although the quantification of molecular markers plays an important role in characterizing biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses, it is currently unclear which molecules work best in xerosis cutis.