bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prebiotic to Improve Calcium Absorption in Postmenopausal Women After Gastric Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Karin C , Cao Sisi , Weaver Connie M , King Nicole J , Patel Sheena , Kingman Hillary , Sellmeyer Deborah E , McCauley Kathryn , Li Danny , Lynch Susan V , Kim Tiffany Y , Black Dennis M , Shafer Martin M , Özçam Mustafa , Lin Din L , Rogers Stanley J , Stewart Lygia , Carter Jonathan T , Posselt Andrew M , Schafer Anne L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContextThe adverse skeletal effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are partly caused by intestinal calcium absorption decline. Prebiotics, such as soluble corn fiber (SCF), augment colonic calcium absorption in healthy individuals.ObjectiveWe tested the effects of SCF on fractional calcium absorption (FCA), biochemical parameters, and the fecal microbiome in a post-RYGB population.MethodsRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 20 postmenopausal women with history of RYGB a mean 5 years prior; a 2-month course of 20 g/day SCF or maltodextrin placebo was taken orally. The main outcome measure was between-group difference in absolute change in FCA (primary outcome) and was measured with a gold standard dual stable isotope method. Other measures included tolerability, adherence, serum calciotropic hormones and bone turnover markers, and fecal microbial composition via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsMean FCA ± SD at baseline was low at 5.5 ± 5.1%. Comparing SCF to placebo, there was no between-group difference in mean (95% CI) change in FCA (+3.4 [–6.7, +13.6]%), nor in calciotropic hormones or bone turnover markers. The SCF group had a wider variation in FCA change than placebo (SD 13.4% vs 7.0%). Those with greater change in microbial composition following SCF treatment had greater increase in FCA (r2 = 0.72, P = 0.05). SCF adherence was high, and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar between groups.ConclusionNo between-group differences were observed in changes in FCA or calciotropic hormones, but wide CIs suggest a variable impact of SCF that may be due to the degree of gut microbiome alteration. Daily SCF consumption was well tolerated. Larger and longer-term studies are warranted.
Cognitive Recovery by Decade in Healthy 40- to 80-Year-Old Volunteers After Anesthesia Without Surgery
Authors: Baxter Mark G. , Mincer Joshua S. , Brallier Jess W. , Schwartz Arthur , Ahn Helen , Nir Tommer , McCormick Patrick J. , Ismail Mohammed , Sewell Margaret , Allore Heather G. , Ramsey Christine M. , Sano Mary , Deiner Stacie G. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction are the most common complications for older surgical patients. General anesthesia may contribute to the development of these conditions, but there are little data on the association of age with cognitive recovery from anesthesia in the absence of surgery or underlying medical condition.

METHODS:
We performed a single-center cohort study of healthy adult volunteers 40 to 80 years old (N = 71, mean age 58.5 years, and 44% women) with no underlying cognitive dysfunction. Volunteers underwent cognitive testing before and at multiple time points after 2 hours of general anesthesia consisting of propofol induction and sevoflurane maintenance, akin to a general anesthetic for a surgical procedure, although no procedure was performed. The primary outcome was time to recovery to cognitive baseline on the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PQRS) within 30 days of anesthesia. Secondary cognitive outcomes were time to recovery on in-depth neuropsychological batteries, including the National Institutes of Health Toolbox and well-validated paper-and-pencil tests. The primary hypothesis is that time to recovery of cognitive function after general anesthesia increases across decades from 40 to 80 years of age. We examined this with discrete-time logit regression (for the primary outcome) and linear mixed models for interactions of age decade with time postanesthesia (for secondary outcomes).

RESULTS:
There was no association between age group and recovery to baseline on the PQRS; 36 of 69 (52%) recovered within 60-minute postanesthesia and 63 of 69 (91%) by day 1. Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for each decade compared to 40- to 49-year olds were: 50 to 59 years, 1.41 (0.50–4.03); 60 to 69 years, 1.03 (0.35–3.00); and 70 to 80 years, 0.69 (0.25–1.88). There were no significant differences between older decades relative to the 40- to 49-year reference decade in recovery to baseline on secondary cognitive measures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Recovery of cognitive function to baseline was rapid and did not differ between age decades of participants, although the number in each decade was small. These results suggest that anesthesia alone may not be associated with cognitive recovery in healthy adults of any age decade.
Physical Activity and Executive Function in Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barudin-Carreiro Amanda M. , Camhi Sarah M. , Lindsay Ana C. , Wright Julie A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
As of 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that approximately 9.4% (6.1 million) of children 2–17 yr of age have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent studies have looked at physical activity (PA) as a possible alternative and/or adjunct treatment option for children with ADHD. There is no clear picture on the amount of PA needed to elicit an improvement or what type of exercise is most beneficial. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search six databases to identify studies that assessed the relationship between PA and executive functioning (EF) in children with ADHD. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool was used, and dose response using MET levels was attempted. Eligibility criteria included (a) peer-reviewed, experimental, quantitative study designs that included a control group or a within-subject design; (b) published in English between January 1997 and December 31, 2019; (c) children 5–18 yr of age; and (d) assessed the relationship between PA and EF in children with ADHD. A total of 49 full-text manuscripts were identified, with 24 studies being included in the final review. Although results should be interpreted with caution because of variability across studies and a high risk of bias, there seems to be consensus that acute and training PA positively influence inhibition and cognitive flexibility. More rigorous study protocols that clearly identify which EF component they are assessing and how they are addressing areas of bias will provide a more cohesive representation of the evidence on how to effectively incorporate PA to enhance EF in children with ADHD. Dose response using MET levels is also needed to improve our knowledge of how much exercise is needed to affect EF in this population.
Experimental Study on Connection Strength between Tobacco Stem and Leaf
Authors: Yu Jie , Chu Jinkui , Li Yang 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsThe connection strength between tobacco stem and leaf was obtained for ‘Zhongyan-100(CF965)’ variety.The connection strength between tobacco stem and leaf relates to the leaf growing location and maturity of the leaf.The tobacco leaf is easier to be separated from the stem with an oblique force than a vertical force.The distance between the harvesting tool and the leaf base was suggested to be less than 50 mm for the tested variety.Abstract. Harvesting of tobacco leaves is an important and basic tobacco production process. With the increase of labor costs and the development of agricultural mechanization, mechanical harvesting of tobacco leaves will inevitably replace manual harvesting. The connection strength between tobacco stem and leaf is a key mechanical parameter for tobacco harvester design. In this study, one tobacco cultivar, “Zhongyan-100(CF965)” was selected as an experimental plant. Experiments were designed and carried out by collecting mature and immature tobacco leaf samples to test the connection strength between the leaf and stem. The experimental results showed that the connection strength between tobacco stem and leaf was related to the position of the leaf on the stem and the maturity level of tobacco leaf. The connection strength obtained from the experiments was in the range of 0.64 to 2.76 MPa. The connection strength had a linear relationship with its water content. The connection strength was higher at higher moisture content or lower maturity level. Besides, experimental results indicated that the tobacco leaves were more easily detached from the stem when the oblique force was applied to the tobacco leaf. The maximum horizontal distance between the harvesting tool and the leaf base should be 50 mm to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaf after harvesting. The results of this study could be applied to the design of tobacco harvesters. Keywords: Connection strength, Mechanization, Specialty crop, Tobacco harvesting.
A Geographical Survey of Center Pivot Irrigation Systems in the Central and Southern High Plains Aquifer Region of the United States
Authors: Hassani Kianoosh , Taghvaeian Saleh , Gholizadeh Hamed 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsAll center pivot irrigation systems in the Central and Southern High Plains Aquifer region were digitized.Out of 2.76 Mha under center pivots, the largest portion (58%) was in Texas and the smallest (2%) in Colorado.Most center pivots were about 50 ha, with a range of 1 to &gt;230 ha.The new layer can be used in extracting distributed soil, weather, and crop data for various precision agriculture applications.Abstract. With the declines in water levels of the Central and Southern High Plains Aquifer, there is a critical need to accurately map the irrigated agriculture in this region as it is the largest user of groundwater resources. The goal of this study was to develop a geospatial database of all areas under the most dominant irrigation system in the region: center pivots. The borders of all center pivots (50,116) were manually digitized using high spatial resolution satellite imagery, delineating the area that can be potentially irrigated by these systems. Most center pivots were comparable in size (ca. 50 ha), with a range of 1 to &gt;230 ha. The areas of digitized center pivots at the state and study area levels were relatively close to estimates of two actual irrigated area products based on automatic land classification. The new layer was also used to extract available data on groundwater level changes since predevelopment (before 1950). Aquifer regions under center pivots in Colorado and Texas had the smallest and largest declines in water level, respectively. The new layer offers advantages in terms of accurately identifying the area covered by center pivots and has potential research and practical applications such as studying adopted practices in response to water level declines, assessing field-scale irrigation uniformity, and extracting distributed soil, weather, and crop data to be used in various precision agriculture applications. The new layer is freely available to the public as supplemental information of this article (https://doi.org/10.13031/14707284). Keywords: Groundwater decline, Irrigated fields, Ogallala, Sprinkler irrigation.
Femtosecond LIPSS on indium-tin-oxide thin films at IR wavelengths
Authors: Bánhegyi Balázs , Péter László , Dombi Péter , Pápa Zsuzsanna 
Published: December 2021

We investigated laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) generated on indium-tin-oxide thin films with femtosecond laser pulses in the infrared region. Using pulses between 1.6 and 2.4 µm central wavelengths, we observed robust LIPSS morphologies with a periodicity close to

λ

/

10

. Supporting finite-difference time-domain calculations suggests that the surface forms are rooted in the field localization in the surface pits leading to a periodically increased absorption of the laser pulse energy that creates the observed periodic structures.
Broadband and highly efficient integrated polarization rotator designed by topology optimization
Authors: de Paula Rômulo A. , Bustamante Yesica R. R. , Aldaya Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Being a fundamental block for systems that utilize polarization-diversity schemes, such as coherent transceivers, polarization rotators allow the conversion of polarization states. In this work, we present an ultra-compact efficient silicon polarization rotator designed via an inverse design method. By optimizing a topology based on the adjoint method, we designed polarization rotators for several combinations of lengths and widths. Simulation results show that the best optimized device presents a polarization conversion loss of 0.67 dB and cross talk of

−

18

d
B

for a central wavelength of 1550 nm. These results were achieved for a 7 µm long and 1.2 µm width device. Furthermore, the high coupling efficiency and low cross talk were achieved for a bandwidth exceeding 100 nm. The polarization conversion loss and cross talk were maintained below 0.82 dB and

−

18

d
B

, respectively, for a band ranging from 1500 nm to 1600 nm.
Third-order optical nonlinearity measurements and optical limiting experiment in Tm: YAG crystal
Authors: Wu Zhengnan , Lu Yuangang , Huang Jian , Peng Jianqin , He Chongjun 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we investigate the third-order nonlinearities and optical limiting effect of Tm: YAG crystal at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We experimentally measure different energy densities (6.4, 12.8, and

19.2

J

/

c

m

2

) and obtain the nonlinear absorption coefficient, nonlinear refractive index, and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of Tm: YAG crystal. Z-scan results show that Tm: YAG crystal exhibits a large nonlinear absorption coefficient (

3.34

×

1

0

−
9

m

/

W

) at the wavelength of 1064 nm. We also measure the transmittance of Tm: YAG crystals of three different lengths (7, 15, and 20 mm) to evaluate its nonlinear optical limiting performance. For the 20 mm Tm: YAG crystal, the maximum transmittance without optical limiting effect and minimum transmittance with nonlinear optical limiting effect at a 1064 wavelength nm are 84.2% and 47.8%, respectively, which indicates that Tm: YAG crystal may be a solid material for nonlinear optical limiting at 1064 nm.
High precision angular displacement measurement based on self-correcting error compensation of three image sensors
Authors: Yu Hai , Wan Qiuhua , Lu Xinran , Zhao Changhai , Liang Lihui 
Published: December 2021

As the feedback link of a numerical control system, the measurement accuracy of absolute angular displacement measurements directly affects the control performance of a numerical control system. In previous research, angular displacement measurements based on dual image sensors can achieve higher measurement performance. However, the elimination of harmonic error by the dual image sensor is still limited. For this reason, this paper proposes an image-type angular displacement measurement method based on self-correction error compensation of three image sensors. First, the mathematical model of harmonic error is established, and the shortcomings of using dual image sensors to compensate the error are analyzed. Then, a high precision angular displacement measurement method based on three image sensors is proposed. Finally, the self-correction error compensation method of three image sensors is applied to the angular displacement measurement system, and the measurement performance is verified. The experimental results show that a measurement accuracy of

1.7

6

′
′

can be achieved on the circular grating with a diameter of 96 mm. In contrast, the dual image sensor can only achieve a measurement accuracy of

2.8

8

′
′

. It is concluded that the odd number of image sensors can achieve higher measurement accuracy than the even number. This research lays a foundation for the realization of high precision image angular displacement measurement.
Identification of patients at risk of new onset heart failure: Utilizing a large statewide health information exchange to train and validate a risk prediction model
Authors: Duong Son Q. , Zheng Le , Xia Minjie , Jin Bo , Liu Modi , Li Zhen , Hao Shiying , Alfreds Shaun T. , Sylvester Karl G. , Widen Eric , Teuteberg Jeffery J. , McElhinney Doff B. , Ling Xuefeng B. 
Published: December 2021

Background
New-onset heart failure (HF) is associated with poor prognosis and high healthcare utilization. Early identification of patients at increased risk incident-HF may allow for focused allocation of preventative care resources. Health information exchange (HIE) data span the entire spectrum of clinical care, but there are no HIE-based clinical decision support tools for diagnosis of incident-HF. We applied machine-learning methods to model the one-year risk of incident-HF from the Maine statewide-HIE.

Methods and results
We included subjects aged ≥ 40 years without prior HF ICD9/10 codes during a three-year period from 2015 to 2018, and incident-HF defined as assignment of two outpatient or one inpatient code in a year. A tree-boosting algorithm was used to model the probability of incident-HF in year two from data collected in year one, and then validated in year three. 5,668 of 521,347 patients (1.09%) developed incident-HF in the validation cohort. In the validation cohort, the model c-statistic was 0.824 and at a clinically predetermined risk threshold, 10% of patients identified by the model developed incident-HF and 29% of all incident-HF cases in the state of Maine were identified.

Conclusions
Utilizing machine learning modeling techniques on passively collected clinical HIE data, we developed and validated an incident-HF prediction tool that performs on par with other models that require proactively collected clinical data. Our algorithm could be integrated into other HIEs to leverage the EMR resources to provide individuals, systems, and payors with a risk stratification tool to allow for targeted resource allocation to reduce incident-HF disease burden on individuals and health care systems.
Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity on weight gain
Authors: Obata Shumpei , Ichiyama Yusuke , Matsumoto Riko , Kakinoki Masashi , Saishin Yoshitsugu , Yanagi Takahide , Maruo Yoshihiro , Ohji Masahito 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the short-term effect on body weight (BW) gain after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods
This was a retrospective 1:1 matched case-control study. Infants with ROP treated by IVB or photocoagulation (PC) at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital between April 2010 and December 2019 were included in the study. To match BWs at treatment between the IVB and PC groups, 1:1 matching for BWs at treatment within 100 g was performed. The BW gains for the 7 days before treatment (pre-treatment week), the 7 days after treatment (first post-treatment week), and the period from 7 to 14 days after treatment (second post-treatment week) were compared between the IVB and PC groups.

Results
Following 1:1 matching, 13 infants in both groups were enrolled in the analysis. The weekly BW gain for the first post-treatment week was significantly lower in the IVB group compared with the PC group (86 g vs. 145 g; P = 0.046), whereas the weekly BW gains for the pre-treatment week (173 g vs. 159 g; P = 0.71) and the second post-treatment week (154 g vs. 152 g; P = 0.73) were comparable between the two groups. The short-term inhibitive effect of IVB on BW gain was particularly observed in infants weighing less than 1500 g at treatment (<1500 g: 47 g vs. ≥1500 g: 132 g; P = 0.03).

Conclusion
IVB could have a short-term inhibitive effect on BW gain in infants with ROP, and this effect is more likely to occur in infants with a lower BW at the time of treatment.
Influência do consumo crônico de álcool etílico na morfologia de ossos longos em ratas adultas jovens
Authors: Souza Daniela Martins de , Rocha Daniele , Kantorski Karla Zanini , Rocha Rosilene Fernandes da 
Published: December 2021

A ingestão crônica de álcool pode provocar alterações estruturais em vários tecidos, inclusive no tecido ósseo. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da ingestão de álcool etílico sobre a morfometria de fêmures e tíbias em ratas. Foram utilizados quarenta animais (4 meses de idade) divididos em cinco grupos (n=8) conforme a dieta líquida administrada: água (Gc-controle), solução alcoólica a 10% (GA1), solução de sacarose a 13,5% (GI1), solução alcoólica a 20% (GA2), solução de sacarose a 27% (GI2). Os grupos GI1 e GI2 receberam dietas controladas com mesmo valor calórico dos grupos GA1 e GA2, respectivamente. Após oito semanas, os animais foram sacrificados e os fêmures e tíbias removidos. O peso úmido dos espécimes foi avaliado em balança analítica. O comprimento e diâmetros (ântero-posterior e médio-lateral) foram medidos com paquímetro digital. Após, foram realizadas radiografias na metade distal dos espécimes para determinar a localização do tecido ósseo trabecular. Nesta região, secções transversais (1 mm) foram obtidas, em local padronizado, a fim de avaliar o percentual médio da área óssea cortical e medular. A análise estatística (ANOVA) não revelou diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para comprimento, diâmetro médio-lateral, diâmetro ântero-posterior e valores percentuais de área óssea cortical e área óssea medular. Pode-se concluir que o consumo de álcool etílico a 10% (que correspondeu a 24,36% das calorias diárias da dieta) e 20% (que correspondeu a 40,10% das calorias diárias da dieta) durante oito semanas em ratas adultas jovens não promoveu alterações morfológicas nos ossos longos.
Avaliação clínica da laserterapia no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária
Authors: Shintome Luciana Keiko , Umetsubo Luzia Sakaguti , Nagayassu Marcos Paulo , Jorge André Luis Cervantes , Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes 
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a eficácia do tratamento de hipersensibilidade dentinária por meio do laser AsGaAl e Nd:YAG. Foram selecionados 14 pacientes (72 dentes) da clínica de Dentística da FOSJC–UNESP que apresentavam sensibilidade dentinária aos testes táctil e evaporativo. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de sete indivíduos (36 dentes), de acordo com o tipo de tratamento: laser de baixa intensidade de AsGaAl (Three Light - Clean Line) e laser de alta intensidade de Nd:YAG (Pulse Master 600IQ - American Dental Technolo-gies). O laser AsGaAl foi ajustado em 50mW/2J, aplicado com contato, em 4 pontos na região cervical do dente: mesial, médio, distal da face vestibular e um ponto na face lingual. O laser Nd:YAG foi ajustado em 30mJ/10Hz, aplicado por varredura não contato, por 2min. Foram realizadas 4 aplicações, com intervalos de sete dias, e os pacientes atribuíam escores para os testes táctil e evaporativo realizados antes e depois da aplicação do laser. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância não paramétrica de Friedman e teste de comparação múltipla de Dunn (p<0,05), e demonstraram que ambos os grupos apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre a condição inicial sem tratamento e a última aplicação do laser para os testes táctil e evaporativo. Concluiu-se que o laser de AsGaAl e o laser de Nd:YAG são efetivos no tratamento de hipersensibilidade dentinária e que não houve diferença significante entre os resultados obtidos entre o laser de AsGaAl e o laser de Nd:YAG.