bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prognostic nomogram based on a new classification of combined micropapillary and solid components for stage IA invasive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Wuhao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Bin , Sun Xiaoyan , Huo Yansong , Feng Yingnan , Tian Pengfei , Mo Huilan , Wang Changli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to develop a prognostic nomogram based on a new classification of combined micropapillary and solid components in pathological stage IA invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsAccording to the total proportion of solid and micropapillary components (TPSM), the X‐tile software was applied to classify patients into the following three groups: TPSM‐low (TPSM‐L), TPSM‐middle (TPSM‐M), and TPSM‐high (TPSM‐H). The postoperative survival was compared among the three groups. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for survival. According to these factors, a nomogram model was developed to provide a personalized prognostic evaluation.ResultsA total of 595 patients with pathological stage IA invasive LUAD were included in our study. The 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival rates in patients with TPSM‐H and TPSM‐M were significantly lower than those with TPSM‐L. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the TPSM classification was an independent prognostic factor for survival. According to TPSM classification, we developed a nomogram model which had good calibration and reliable discrimination ability to evaluate survival.ConclusionsThe nomogram based on the combination of micropapillary and solid components has good prognostic value in predicting postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with pathological stage IA invasive LUAD.
Biocompatible Polyurethane Conduit Grafted with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‐Loaded Hydrogel Repairs the Peripheral Nerve Defect in Rats
Authors: Xu Wanlin , Zhang Zhen , Lu Hao , Wu Yifan , Liu Jia , Liu Shengwen , Yang Wenjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArtificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) can be potentially used to address the problems of peripheral nerve defects. The biomaterial polyurethane (PU) has already been used to construct NGCs. However, the use of a combination of PU‐based NGCs and other bioactive cues, such as extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, has not been reported yet. A PU conduit grafted with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐loaded hydrogel (abbreviated as PU/Gel/VEGF conduit) is fabricated. The leachate generated during the use of the PU/Gel/VEGF conduit could facilitate the proliferation, migration, and expression of the neural marker S100β in RSC96 cells (in vitro). The walking track and target muscle are analyzed, and it is observed that PU/Gel/VEGF conduits promote the functional recovery of the injured side. Various histological staining analyses are carried out, and the results reveal that the PU/Gel/VEGF conduit effectively improves the extent of nerve regeneration achieved. The number of blood vessels developed during the regeneration of the axons in the PU/Gel/VEGF group (attributable to the pro‐angiogenic effect of the functional NGC) is higher than the number of blood vessels developed in the PU/Gel conduit. Overall, the results indicate that PU/Gel/VEGF conduits could promote the process of peripheral nerve regeneration.
A near‐infrared trace hydrogen sulfide sensor based on CEEMDAN and PSO‐LSSVM
Authors: Li Guolin , Ma Kun , Jiao Yue , Zhang Xuena , Zhang Zecheng , Wu Yunhui , Yan Zhidan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA distribution feedback laser sensor for high precision and high sensitivity detection of the hydrogen sulfide in associated gas from oil fields is developed in this paper. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy and were utilized for the H2S concentration detection in the oilfield. Complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm is used to remove the noise from the spectral signal. Particle swarm optimization‐least squares support vector machine (PSO‐LSSVM) model is applied for concentration prediction. The root mean square error of long‐term stability is 0.323. Allan–Werle deviation analysis shows that the theoretical limit of detection is 71 parts per billion while the optimal integration time reaches 96 s. The sensor is of great significance for real‐time detection of hydrogen sulfide concentration in associated gas in oil fields.
An indirect wireless electromagnetic measurement of flow velocity by an SRR‐based sensing method
Authors: Wei Lusong , Lin Pujing , Wu Zhouyi , Wu Yuting , Huangfu Jiangtao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study describes an indirect wireless electromagnetic measurement of flow velocity by measuring the state of the SRR in the waveguide. When the fluid exhibits poor sensitivity to electromagnetic wave, the inclination angle between the SRR and the side wall of the waveguide becomes a direct reflection of flow velocity and affects the resonance frequency of the SRR. To be specific, different inclination angles will cause a variable stopband in the passband of the waveguide. By measuring the inclination angle‐sensitive frequency response of the SRR in the waveguide, the flow velocity can be measured indirectly. Based on this principle, an experiment using WR‐187 rectangular waveguide is produced. A new C‐type SRR is designed and placed in the waveguide with variable inclination angles. As revealed from the simulation and experimental results, when the inclination angle varies from 0° to 90°, the resonance frequency of the SRR shifts from 4.145 to 4.226 GHz. On that basis, the flow velocity at one or more places can be obtained.
A substrate integrated suspended line gain‐enhanced patch antenna with high‐order mode suppression by feeding structure design using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Tang Bin , Ma Kaixue , Luo Yu , Yan Ningning , Eric Newton Moro , Ma Jianguo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) gain‐enhanced patch antenna is proposed. Enhanced gain is obtained by a long patch. To suppress the high‐order mode in the anticipated band, a feeding structure is designed with the assistance of characteristic mode analysis. The proposed SISL antenna with the proposed feeding structure suppresses higher‐order modes, achieves good impedance matching and stable broadside gain across the operating frequency band. The antenna has the potential to satisfy wireless local area network (WLAN) application. Measured results show that the 10‐dB impedance bandwidth for the proposed antenna is 18.6% from 4.93 to 5.94 GHz with an average gain of 8.34 dBi. The measured results show great agreement with simulated results.
Harmonic vibration analysis with coherent‐nodal‐cluster two‐stage model reduction
Authors: Krysl Petr , Sivapuram Raghavendra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLinear finite element harmonic vibration analysis is an important tool when investigating structural performance. In order to construct the requested frequency response functions by sweeping through the frequencies, the full finite element model is typically reduced by a Galerkin projection, using either the solution of a free vibration problem, or with load‐dependent Ritz vectors. Here we construct an approximation of the model reduction matrix using an intermediate reduced‐model stage based on the Coherent Nodal Clusters technique. Thus we arrive at a two‐stage model‐reduction procedure. Although there is an additional approximation the reduced models are obtained at a much lower cost than the one‐stage models. In order to ameliorate the loss of accuracy involved in the additional approximation, we introduce enhancement of the reduced bases by inexpensive residual‐minimizing iterations.
Profile extrusion die design: A comparative study between elastic and inelastic fluids
Authors: Aali Mohammadreza , Carneiro Olga Sousa , Nóbrega João Miguel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComputational modeling is widely used to support the design of profile extrusion dies. However, despite the viscoelastic nature of the polymer melts, the majority of the computational approaches resort to inelastic models. With the aim of assessing the accuracy of the approach usually employed on the modeling of profile extrusion dies, this work aims at comparing the behavior of profile extrusion dies when interrelated viscoelastic (elastic) and generalized Newtonian (inelastic) constitutive models are used. For this purpose, the polymer melt employed in the study was experimentally characterized, being the data collected used to fit a nonlinear multimode viscoelastic (elastic) Giesekus constitutive model. Subsequently, the fitted model was used to generate the material shear flow curve, which was then used to fit a Bird‐Carreau (inelastic) constitutive model. The numerical studies undertaken were focused on the extrusion die of two profiles: a simple one, with a rectangular cross‐section, and a complex swimming pool cover profile. The results obtained showed that in realistic case studies, the effect of elasticity might be relevant, even when modeling just the flow in the extrusion die flow channel and, thus, should be considered when designing profile extrusion dies.
Comprehensive pain management strategy for infants with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta in the perinatal period
Authors: Carroll Ricki S. , Donenfeld Perri , McGreal Cristina , Franzone Jeanne M. , Kruse Richard W. , Preedy Catherine , Costa Joanna , Dirnberger Daniel R. , Bober Michael B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic heterogeneous disorder that causes increased bone fragility and recurrent fractures. For infants with OI and diffuse fractures, pain management, which is nuanced and specific for this population, is of the utmost importance to their neonatal care. Through experience at our center, we have developed a standard approach that has been successful in optimizing survival for these infants during this tenuous period. In this paper, we outline our multidisciplinary approach to pain management for infants with moderate to severe OI during the neonatal period, with emphasis on promotion of fracture healing and adequate pain control.
The efficacy and safety of azithromycin in treatment for childhood asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Xiangcheng , Liu Yan , Luo Jiefeng , Li Siyu , Diao Sha , Li Hailong , Huang Liang , Jia Zhijun , Chen Lina , Cheng Guo , Liu Hanmin , Zhang Lingli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAzithromycin (AZI) is increasingly used for childhood asthma despite limited and inconsistent data. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AZI in childhood asthma.MethodsWe searched seven databases to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AZI in the treatment of childhood asthma. Four reviewers independently screened the records. Risk of Bias 2 was used to assess the quality of RCTs. Risk ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) from dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI from continuous outcomes were pooled.ResultsWe included 19 eligible reports from 17 studies. The prevalence of exacerbations in AZI + budesonide (BUD) + β2 agonist (BA) group was lower than BUD + BA group (four [13%] vs. 19 [63%], p < 0.05) in 6– 14 years old children with chronic persistent asthma. AZI plus antiasthma drugs (AADs) could improve the posttreatment childhood asthma control test score (MD = 2.97; 95% CI, 2.39–3.54) compared to AADs alone in children with chronic persistent asthma. AZI plus AADs could improve posttreatment forced expiratory volume in 1 s of predicted value/forced vital capacity % (MD = 10.24%; 95% CI, 6.44%–14.03%) and posttreatment peak expiratory flow % of predicted value (MD = 7.00%; 95% CI, 2.53%–11.47%) compared to AADs alone in children with chronic persistent asthma. The most common adverse reactions of AZI combined with other drugs were gastrointestinal reactions.ConclusionsAZI may be beneficial in improving some clinical symptoms and lung functions in older asthma children (over 6 years old) with persistent asthma. But it still requires further research.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane/Nitrocellulose Blends as Binder for Composite Solid Propellants
Authors: Touidjine Sabri , Boulkadid Karim Moulai , Trache Djalal , Belkhiri Samir , Mezroua Abderrahmane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) elastomers are largely used in the field of high‐energy composites such as composite solid propellants (CSPs) and high‐energy polymer‐bonded explosives (PBXs) due to their distinguished characteristics. Conventional PU binders are mostly non‐energetic materials, and consequently reduce the energy performance significantly. Nitrocellulose (NC), is an energetic polymer widely used as an ingredient in propellants, explosives, fireworks, and gas generators, may be introduced in PU‐based compositions to overcome their performance drawback. In this context, PU/NC polymer blends at different mass ratios were prepared in the present work using hydroxyl‐terminated polyester prepolymer (Desmophen® 1200) and nitrocellulose (NC) by solution blending process. The physico‐chemical structure of the prepared PU/NC polymer composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and density measurements. The thermal decomposition behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the obtained DSC results, the Arrhenius parameters were computed by different isoconversional kinetic approaches, namely, iterative Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (It‐KAS), iterative Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (It‐FWO) and Vyazovkin's nonlinear integral method coupled with compensation effect (VYA/CE). Additionally, in order to highlight the influence of the introduction of the NC to the binder composition on the performance of a composite propellant, the theoretical performances, namely, theoretical specific impulse, the adiabatic flame temperature, as well as the ideal exhaust gaseous species were determined based on NASA Lewis Code, Chemical Equilibrium with Application (CEA).
Aluminized Enhanced Blast Explosive Based on Polysiloxane Binder
Authors: Kolev Stefan K. , Tsonev Tsvetomir T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrastic measures are taken in order to improve the properties of enhanced blast explosives. First, a binder with high reactivity as reducing agent is selected. The binder, platinum cure silicone, generates pyrophoric decomposition products in situ during the detonation. Arising problems with curing inhibition of the polymer are solved, as nanosized SiO2 is employed as hardening catalyst carrier. Quantum calculations show specific interactions of the binder and aluminum, forming the backbone of the composition. Furthermore, particle size distribution of the main fuel, aluminum powder, is selected so the Al will have enough time to heat, ignite and burn in the atmosphere, creating the thermobaric effect. Potassium perchlorate is employed as an oxidizer, as it reacts with detonation products faster than the widely used ammonium perchlorate. The resulting enhanced blast explosive is denoted as H‐TBX. High speed camera results show similar shock wave velocity 2.5 m from 2.7 kg TNT charge (2 ms after initiation) and 3.5 m from 2.65 kg H‐TBX charge (3 ms after initiation). In the open field, the H‐TBX generates 1.83 times higher peak pressure and 2 times higher impulse than TNT. These findings are compared with data from the literature for Tritonal, PBXN‐109 and AFX‐757. H‐TBX has improved parameters over the former generations of enhanced blast explosives and is currently used in multiple weapons systems.
Small‐Scale Detonation of Industrial Urea‐Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP)
Authors: Halleux Francis , Pons Jean‐François , Wilson Ian , Van Riet Romuald , Lefebvre Michel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe adduct of Urea and Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP), also called Carbamide Peroxide, is industrially produced as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, disinfection, and oxidation reactions. As a chemical combination of fuel and oxidiser, UHP has explosive potential but it is unclear whether it could sustain a detonation at small scale. In the configuration we tested, we succeeded in recording self‐sustained detonation at relatively small scale under heavy confinement, measuring a maximum experimental velocity of detonation of 3860 m/s at an optimum 1.1 g/cm3 loading density. UHP can sustain a detonation, even at the 100 g scale, but this is strongly dependant on booster size, confinement material, loading density, charge length and diameter. According to our performance assessment, pure UHP exhibits the behaviour of a non‐ideal tertiary explosive. Maximum calculated detonation pressures are below 10 GPa, the order of magnitude for commercial blasting explosives. Small‐scale results are consistent with literature values from large‐scale experiments, although literature on the matter is quite limited. The proposed experimental method can be used to quantify the detonability and performance of other industrial materials that may have energetic properties, or small samples of homemade explosive compositions, avoiding time‐consuming, expensive and potentially hazardous large‐scale experiments.
Bis(2‐Methyl‐3,5‐Dinitrophenyl)diazene N‐Oxide – Characterization of 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene Energetic Degradation Product
Authors: Boroński Szymon , Trzciński Waldemar A. , Szala Mateusz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNew optimized method for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) and bis(2‐methyl‐3,5‐dinitrophenyl)diazene N‐oxide (2AzODNT) from 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) was developed. 2AzODNT was fully characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C), infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis coupled with thermogravimetry. The crystals of 2AzODNT were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The heat of combustion and the standard enthalpy of formation for the synthesis product were determined. The detonation parameters of 2AzODNT were calculated with a thermochemical code and experimentally measured. Due to the high detonation performance, the good thermal stability and low sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, 2AzODNT is an attractive low‐sensitivity high explosive. Moreover, the synthesis of 2AzODNT from old TNT can be an effective method of TNT utilization.
Selectivity and molecular stress responses to classical and botanical acaricides in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilisAthias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Bajda Sabina A , De Clercq Patrick , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcaricide application remains an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) for the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Species and strains of phytoseiid predatory mites vary significantly in their response to acaricides. For the success of IPM, it is imperative to identify the determinants of selectivity and molecular stress responses of acaricides in predatory mites.RESULTSThe three classical acaricides bifenazate, cyflumetofen, and fenbutatin oxide did not affect the survival and fecundity of Phytoseiulus persimilis regardless of the route of exposure. Selectivity of the orange oil and terpenoid blend‐based botanical acaricides was low via a combination of direct exposure, acaricide‐laced diet, and residual exposure but improved when limiting exposure only to diet. To gain insights into the molecular stress responses, the transcriptome of P. persimilis was assembled. Subsequent gene expression analysis of predatory mites orally exposed to fenbutatin oxide and orange oil yielded only a limited xenobiotic stress response. In contrast, P. persimilis exhibited target‐site resistance mutations, including I260M in SdhB, I1017M in CHS1, and kdr and super‐kdr in VGSC. Extending the screen using available Phytoseiidae sequences uncovered I136T, S141F in cytb, G119S in AChE, and A2083V in ACC, well‐known target‐sites of acaricides.CONCLUSIONSelectivity of the tested botanical acaricides to P. persimilis was low but could be enhanced by restricting exposure to a single route. Differential gene expression analysis did not show a robust induced stress response after sublethal exposure. In contrast, this study uncovered target‐site mutations that may help to explain the physiological selectivity of several classical acaricides to phytoseiid predators.
Untargeted selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry headspace analysis: High‐throughput differentiation of virgin and recycled polyethylene pellets
Authors: Langford Vaughan S. , Perkins Mark J. 
Published: December 2021

RationaleRecycled plastics are increasingly used for packaging of fast‐moving consumer goods (FMCG). Compared with packaging made from virgin polymers, there is greater risk of taints entering products due to prior use of the polymers and incomplete cleaning. Increased quality assurance testing of polymer feedstock is required for recycled packaging. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) analysis coupled with multivariate statistical data processing can provide high‐throughput untargeted screening of recycled polymers at low cost per sample.MethodsSIFT‐MS is a direct‐injection MS technique that provides high‐throughput automated headspace analysis of polymer samples when coupled with a syringe‐injection autosampler (12 incubated samples per hour). Full‐scan SIFT‐MS data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis (specifically, the soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA) algorithm).ResultsSIFT‐MS full‐scan data were acquired for ten replicates each of ten recycled and four virgin high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) pellet products from multiple manufacturers. The samples varied approximately 20‐fold in terms of total volatile residue, while showing very high repeatability across replicates. SIFT‐MS scan data were dominated by aliphatic and monoterpene hydrocarbon residues, and – to a lesser extent – alcohols. Application of the SIMCA algorithm to the data resulted in successful classification by both individual samples and manufacturers.ConclusionsAutomated, untargeted SIFT‐MS analysis coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis has the potential to provide rapid, effective screening of recycled polymer products, which would provide increased quality assurance of recycled polymers used for FMCG.