bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Interim PET Scan after 2 Cycles of ABVD in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: Retrospective Multicenter Study from South India
Authors: Karpurmath Shashidhar V. , Rathnam Krishnakumar , Seshachalam Arun , Srinivasan Arathi , Scott Julius , G. Raman S. , Janarthinakani M. , Prasad Krishna , Patil Channappa , Anoop Parameswaran , Reddy Neelesh , Anumula Satish Kumar , Roopa Sirigeri Prabhakar , Golamari Krishna Reddy , Danthala Madhav , Malipatil Basawantrao , Rangarajan Bharath , Udupa Karthik S. , Nandennavar Manjunath , Niraimathi Kesavan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Most Indian centers use Adriamycin/Bleomycin/Vinblastine/Dacarba-zine (ABVD) chemotherapy for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (pHL). To reduce the late toxicity, robust predictive markers are needed to risk stratify pHL patients, thereby limiting the number of chemotherapy cycles and omitting radiation for low-risk and intensifying treatment for high-risk children.
Objective This study was conducted to analyze the outcome of pHL patients treated with ABVD and various factors predicting the outcome.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed the outcome of 113 consecutive pHL children treated with ABVD chemotherapy from 11 tertiary care centers in South India from 2009 to 2019.
Results The median duration of follow-up was 2.73 years. The median age was 13 years. B symptoms are seen in 50.5% patients, bulky disease in 23%, and stage IV in 28.3%. Of 113 pHL, 69% had a positron emission tomography (PET) and 31% had computed tomography (CT)-based staging. Stage IV (37.1%) and extranodal involvement (31.2%) were seen more often with PET than with CT staging (8.5 and 2.8%, respectively). Among 64 patients with interim PET scan after two cycles (iPET2), 20.3% did not achieve complete remission (CR) and no factors were significantly associated. The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of the entire cohort was 86%. The 4-year EFS rate was 93% for patients with CR in iPET2 and 52% for patients not achieving CR. The only independent predictor of low EFS was iPET2 response (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Our study confirms the prognostic role of PET scan staging and response assessment. Not achieving CR on the iPET2 scan indicates poor prognosis and warrants clinical trial enrollment for a better outcome.
Review of Applied Anatomy, Hemodynamics, and Endovascular Management of Ectopic Varices
Authors: Barath Sitaram , Kheradia Dharav , Gopalkrishnan Shakti Parvathy , R. Rahul K. , K. Mohammed Rafeeque P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPortal hypertension leads to the opening up of collateral pathways to bypass the occlusion or resistance in the portal system. Ectopic varices are formed by such collaterals at many various sites along the gastrointestinal tract other than the usual location, that is, gastroesophageal region. Early diagnosis of ectopic varices needs strong clinical suspicion and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan as endoscopy may often fail to pinpoint a source. In contrast to gastric varices where the understanding of the disease, as well as endovascular management, is widely studied and documented, the same is not true for ectopic varices due to low incidence. Understanding the applied anatomy and hemodynamic classification is important to decide the most suitable therapy. Interventional radiological procedures are aimed at either decompressing the varices or obliterating them and depend on the patency of the portal system, underlying etiology, and local expertise.
Dupuytren's Disease: An Outcomes-Focused Update
Authors: Almadani Yasser H. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Efanov Johnny Ionut , Xu Liqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDupuytren's disease (DD) remains a common fibroproliferative condition with significant sequelae and impact on patient's lives. The etiology of DD is poorly understood, and genetic predisposition is thought to be a strongly associated factor. Despite remarkable strides in improving our molecular understanding of DD, clinical treatment options have not yet overcome the frequently encountered challenge of recurrence. Recurrence rates continue to shape the prognosis of this fibrotic condition. In this outcomes-focused article, the various treatment modalities are reviewed. This further emphasizes the importance of patient education and providing them with the information to make informed decisions about their treatment.
Can We Predict Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Admission in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Sinclair SaTia T. , Emara Ahmed K. , Briskin Isaac N. , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPreoperative risk stratification remains important for both patient safety and cost-effective allocation of resources in total joint arthroplasty. Limited literature exists investigating risk factors for unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission following arthroplasty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess a broader spectrum of factors that may increase the risk of ICU admission across multiple surgical settings. We retrospectively reviewed 18,169 patients who underwent a hip (40.7%) or knee (59.3%) arthroplasty procedure (primary: n = 13,384, 90%; revision: n = 1,485, 10%) between August 1, 2015, and January 31, 2019, across nine sites at a single institution. Patient demographics, laboratory data, surgical parameters, and preoperative scores on the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) or Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) were recorded. A univariate analysis was conducted to identify differences between patients who required an ICU admission and those with no ICU involvement. Logistic regression was then used to generate predicted risk of ICU Involvement. A total of 147 patients (0.99%) required an ICU admission. Increasing age, higher Charlson's comorbidity index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or greater, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), elevated creatinine, decreased preoperative hemoglobin level, general anesthesia, surgical setting, revision procedure, and lower baseline scores on the KOOS Quality of Life (QOL) subscale (17 vs. 22.5, p = 0.032), VR-12 physical component score (PCS; 24.4 vs 27.1, p = 0.001), and VR-12 mental component score (MCS; 45.9 vs. 49.6, p = 0.003) were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of ICU admission. As performance of arthroplasty shifts in both the setting of care and the complexity of patients, identifying patients most at risk of requiring higher acuity of care is important. Preoperative assessment of comorbidities, kidney function, surgical setting, KOOS QOL subscale score, and VR-12 scores may provide guidance for the improvement of value-based care pathways.
Fossil dermal denticles reveal the preexploitation baseline of a Caribbean coral reef shark community
Authors: Dillon Erin M. , McCauley Douglas J. , Morales-Saldaña Jorge Manuel , Leonard Nicole D. , Zhao Jian-xin , O’Dea Aaron 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceHow abundant were sharks on Caribbean coral reefs before human impact? To explore this question, we recovered fossilized shark dermal denticles (scales) from a ∼7,000-y-old reef in western Caribbean Panama and compared them with denticles found on modern reefs in the same area. Our data suggest that sharks were over three times more numerous before humans began using marine resources in the area and that shark communities were compositionally different in the past, containing a higher proportion of fast-swimming, pelagic sharks. This reconstruction of preexploitation shark communities using fossil denticle assemblages demonstrates their potential to help contextualize recent declines in shark abundance, examine the ecological consequences of those declines, and guide shark management.
The effect of spacetime curvature on statistical distributions
Authors: Sato Naoki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Boltzmann distribution of an ideal gas is determined by the Hamiltonian function generating single particle dynamics. Systems with higher complexity often exhibit topological constraints, which are independent of the Hamiltonian and may affect the shape of the distribution function as well. Here, we study a further source of heterogeneity, the curvature of spacetime arising from the general theory of relativity. The present construction relies on three assumptions: first, the statistical ensemble is made of particles obeying geodesic equations, which define the phase space of the system. Next, the metric coefficients are time-symmetric, implying that, if thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved, all physical observables are independent of coordinate time. Finally, ergodicity is enforced with respect to proper time, so that ambiguity in the choice of a time variable for the statistical ensemble is removed. Under these hypothesis, we derive the distribution function of thermodynamic equilibrium, and verify that it reduces to the Boltzmann distribution in the non-relativistic limit. We further show that spacetime curvature affects physical observables, even far from the source of the metric. Two examples are analyzed: an ideal gas in Schwarzschild spacetime and a charged gas in Kerr–Newman spacetime. In the Schwarzschild case, conservation of macroscopic constraints, such as angular momentum, combined with relativistic distortion of the distribution function can produce configurations with decreasing density and growing azimuthal rotation velocity far from the event horizon of the central mass. In the Kerr–Newman case, it is found that kinetic energy associated with azimuthal rotations is an increasing function of the radial coordinate, and it eventually approaches a constant value corresponding to non-relativistic equipartition, even though spatial particle density decreases.
A Morse theoretic approach to the geometrical feature terms specified in ISO 25178-2 and ISO 16610-85
Authors: Wolf Gert W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Morse theoretic concepts are today widely employed for the formal characterisation of surfaces and surface features. Although nowhere explicitly mentioned, several core concepts of surface metrology, such as the geometrical feature terms being specified in ISO 25178-2 and ISO 16610-85, are also closely related to Morse theory. The current lack of adequate formal definitions, however, implies that several inconsistencies and ambiguities can actually be found within the two standards. As a consequence, in the present paper the focus is laid on (a) the investigation of the interrelationships between Morse theory and the geometrical feature terms and (b) the presentation of some modifications of the existing definitions in order to eliminate the addressed ambiguities. Apart from the benefit of a consistent topological framework with respect to the definitions of the geometrical feature terms, the application of Morse theory would have the additional advantage that a powerful mathematical tool could be exploited in order to gain new insights into surface structures.
Green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and the effect of annealing temperature on their physiochemical and biological properties
Authors: Haq Sirajul , Abbasi Farwah , Ben Ali Manel , Hedfi Amor , Mezni Amine , Rehman Wajid , Waseem Muhammad , Khan Abdul Rehman , Shaheen Hamayun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) were synthesized via the green method using Piper nigrum (P. nigrum) leaves extract and were calcined at different temperatures. The crystalline nature was studied through x-ray diffractometer (XRD). With increasing calcination, the amorphous phase transitioned to the crystalline phase. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to observe UV-Visible light absorbance phenomenon, and Tauc’s plot was used to calculate the band gap energy, which was found to decrease with calcination. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to classify the surface functional groups. The antibacterial efficacy of the Co3O4 NPs was examined against Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), whereas its antioxidant potential was explored against ABTS free radicals. Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of Co3O4 NPs were found to decrease with increasing calcination.
Novel polymeric hydrogel composites: Synthesis, physicochemical, mechanical and biocompatible properties
Authors: Nasalapure Anand V. , Chalannavar Raju K. , Kasai Deepak R. , Reddy Kakarla Raghava , Raghu Anjanapura V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this research study, novel hydrogel composite films were constructed using different ratios of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/kappa-carrageenan (KC) (PVA90/KC10%, PVA80/KC20%, PVA70/KC30%, PVA60/KC40%) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (0.025%) and investigated their physicochemical characteristics such as mechanical, thermal, morphological, swelling behaviour, and cell viability. SEM and FTIR revealed that surface morphology changed to heterogeneous and the presence of molecular interaction among the polymers. PVA90KC10 and PVA60KC40 exhibited smaller and larger pores on surface respectively. The change in the proportion of PVA and KC also triggered the tensile strength (Ts) of the film and the highest Ts observed were 21.60 MPa for PVA60KC40. Moreover, the thermal analysis showed three-phase degradation, and an increase in KC40 concentration results inversely proportional to a decrease in the rate of thermal degradation. Further, swelling and in-vitro biodegradation study confirmed the enhanced perseverance of water uptake for PVA60KC40 (286%) due to pores structure of the hydrogel film and PVA and KC alone degraded faster as compare to other films results suggested higher concentration of PVA90KC10 showed lower degradation rate and highest for PVA60KC40 about 6% and 22% respectively. Further, the cell viability was studied with MTT assay method by using NIH3T3 and HEK-293 cells for biocompatibility study revealed NIH3T3 cells were more biocompatible than HEK-293 and cell viability percent for PVA60KC40 showed the highest cell attachment about 99%. Overall corroborating data obtained from the study attested to the average swelling, appreciable mechanical characters, good interaction between molecules, and cell viability of the constructed PVA/KC hydrogel film, these all characters pave to be used as a potential template for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Assessing Energy Expenditure in Female Healthcare Workers in a University Hospital
Authors: Brückner Ulrike , Laux Sandra , Schneider-Lauteren Stephanie , Schneider Joachim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The assessment of energy expenditure (EE) at workplaces maintains a central topic in occupational health due to increasing work-related issues. Today 80% of employees in the healthcare system are women. Limited research concerning their physical activity at work is available. The purpose of the study was the investigation of body composition, maximum physical capacity and quantification of physical work activity for female healthcare workers under real-time conditions.

Methods
Occupational physical activity (PA) of 33 female healthcare workers in a university hospital was quantified. Health associate professionals (HAP), health professionals (HP), and females working from cleaners and helpers (CH) department participated. All underwent cardio pulmonary exercise test. For every working task VO2, VCO2 and RER were measured and EE was calculated individually for each task.

Results
Forty-two different working tasks were identified and grouped in seven categories to compare physical activity (PA): ‘office and laboratory work’, ‘bedside patient care’, ‘instrument reprocessing, packing boxes’, ‘walking with patient, or alone’, ‘pushing carts or wheelchairs’, ‘strenuous cleaning in bent posture’ and ‘lifting heavy boxes, weights or items’. By comparing groups of healthcare workers, CH and HAP spent significant (p &lt; 0.01) more EE (in kcal/min) 3.9 resp. 3.2 than HP 2.5. Light PA e.g. office and laboratory work (2.7 ± 0.6) and bedside patient care (2.9 ± 0.7) were accomplished by HP and HAP while HAP and CH performed moderate PA such as ‘packing boxes’ (3.6 ± 0.8), ‘pushing carts’ and ‘strenuous cleaning’ (4.7 ± 0.9). Work performed by CH and HAP, i.e. ‘strenuous cleaning’ and ‘lifting heavy items’ showed highest kcal per kg Fat Free Mass (FFM) per hour with 5.80 [4.05–7.81] and 6.94 [5.18–9.03] kcal/kgFFM/h.

Conclusion
Our findings lend preliminary support to the hypothesis that the majority of activities in female healthcare workers were of low and moderate PA and can be accomplished by middle aged and even older female workers. CH performed tasks with heavy physical activities (PA) like cleaning and lifting heavy weights. HAP performed light/moderate PA below their maximum physical capacity.
Automatic extraction and measurement of individual trees from mobile laser scanning point clouds of forests
Authors: Bienert Anne , Georgi Louis , Kunz Matthias , von Oheimb Goddert , Maas Hans-Gerd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsIn addition to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), mobile laser scanning (MLS) is increasingly arousing interest as a technique which provides valuable 3-D data for various applications in forest research. Using mobile platforms, the 3-D recording of large forest areas is carried out within a short space of time. Vegetation structure is described by millions of 3-D points which show an accuracy in the millimetre range and offer a powerful basis for automated vegetation modelling. The successful extraction of single trees from the point cloud is essential for further evaluations and modelling at the individual-tree level, such as volume determination, quantitative structure modelling or local neighbourhood analyses. However, high-precision automated tree segmentation is challenging, and has so far mostly been performed using elaborate interactive segmentation methods.MethodsHere, we present a novel segmentation algorithm to automatically segment trees in MLS point clouds, applying distance adaptivity as a function of trajectory. In addition, tree parameters are determined simultaneously. In our validation study, we used a total of 825 trees from ten sample plots to compare the data of trees segmented from MLS data with manual inventory parameters and parameters derived from semi-automatic TLS segmentation.Key ResultsThe tree detection rate reached 96 % on average for trees with distances up to 45 m from the trajectory. Trees were almost completely segmented up to a distance of about 30 m from the MLS trajectory. The accuracy of tree parameters was similar for MLS-segmented and TLS-segmented trees.ConclusionsBesides plot characteristics, the detection rate of trees in MLS data strongly depends on the distance to the travelled track. The algorithm presented here facilitates the acquisition of important tree parameters from MLS data, as an area-wide automated derivation can be accomplished in a very short time.
Revision of the relationship between anther morphology and pollen sterility by cold stress at the booting stage in rice
Authors: Yamamori Koichi , Ogasawara Kei , Ishiguro Seiya , Koide Yohei , Takamure Itsuro , Fujino Kaien , Sato Yutaka , Kishima Yuji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cold stress in rice (Oryza sativa) plants at the reproductive stage prevents normal anther development and causes pollen sterility. Tapetum hypertrophy in anthers has been associated with pollen sterility in response to cold at the booting stage. Here, we re-examined whether the relationships between anther abnormality and pollen sterility caused by cold stress at the booting stage in rice can be explained by a monovalent factor such as tapetum hypertrophy.

Methods
After exposing plants to a 4-d cold treatment at the booting stage, we collected and processed anthers for transverse sectioning immediately and at the flowering stage. We anatomically evaluated the effect of cold treatment on anther internal morphologies, pollen fertilities and pollen numbers in the 13 cultivars with various cold sensitivities.

Key Results
We observed four types of morphological anther abnormalities at each stage. Pollen sterility was positively correlated with the frequency of undeveloped locules, but not with tapetum hypertrophy as commonly believed. In cold-sensitive cultivars grown at low temperatures, pollen sterility was more frequent than anther morphological abnormalities, and some lines showed remarkably high pollen sterility without any anther morphological alterations. Most morphological anomalies occurred only in specific areas within large and small locules. Anther length tended to shorten in response to cold treatment and was positively correlated with pollen number. One cultivar showed a considerably reduced pollen number, but fertile pollen grains under cold stress. We propose three possible relationships to explain anther structure and pollen sterility and reduction due to cold stress.

Conclusions
The pollen sterility caused by cold stress at the booting stage was correlated with the frequency of entire locule-related abnormalities, which might represent a phenotypic consequence, but not a direct cause of pollen abortion. Multivalent factors might underlie the complicated relationships between anther abnormality and pollen sterility in rice.
Quantitative Determination of Anti-Migraine Quaternary Mixture in Presence of p-Aminophenol and 4-Chloroacetanilide
Authors: Farid Nehal F , Abdelhamid Nessreen S , Naguib Ibrahim A , Anwar Basma H , Magdy Maimana A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A validated RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of paracetamol, caffeine, metoclopramide and ergotamine simultaneously in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method was extended for the determination of two paracetamol genotoxic and nephrotoxic impurities and degradation products namely p-aminophenol and 4-chloroacetanilide. Separation was done on octadecyl column (15 cm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm). Gradient elution was performed using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (pH 3) in ratio of (20: 80, v/v) for the first 3 min, (50: 50, v/v) for the next 4.5 min, then (20: 80, v/v) for the final 2.5 min. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min throughout the run which took 10 min. UV detection was done at 230 nm. The proposed method agreed with ICH guidelines of method validation. The suggested method was applied for the estimation of the proposed drugs in their dosage form. Statistical comparison was done between the results obtained from the suggested method and those obtained from reported HPLC method. The proposed method is more beneficial than the published one because of having higher sensitivity and selectivity as it allows the detection of the proposed drugs in lower concentrations in the presence of paracetamol toxic impurities, p-aminophenol and 4-chloroacetanilide.