bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on cutting performance of SiCp/Al composite using textured tool
Authors: Wang Xu , Popov Valentin L. , Yu Zhanjiang , Li Yiquan , Xu Jingkai , Yu Huadong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the micro cutting process of SiCp/Al composites, the tool wear is serious due to the existence of reinforcement phase in the material, which greatly affects the machined surface integrity. In order to reduce the friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface, fabricating micro texture on the tool surface could be a feasible solution. This work focuses on the study of the cutting performance of the textured cutting tools through micro cutting of SiCp/Al composites. The experiments were carried out using NTK-KM1CCGW060202H uncoated cemented carbide tools with micro-hole textures developed by pulsed fiber laser. The results indicate that the micro-textured tools can reduce the wear, sticking and the contact length between the tool-chip. Also, the surface quality can be improved. It is observed from the chip’s surface that the micro-textured tool can produce secondary cutting when machining SiCp/Al composite materials, the smaller the texture spacing, the more obvious the secondary cutting phenomenon. Furthermore, the cutting forces can be reduced using the micro-textured tool in most cases. However, when the texture spacing is too small the cutting force does not decrease. Finally, the surface roughness and surface residual stress of the machined workpiece are investigated. Textured tools have better results.
Phytoplankton population as alarming warning bioindicator of water pollution in El-Temsah Lake, Egypt
Authors: Elshobary Mostafa , Attiah Abdullah M. , Salem Zenhom E. , Essa Dorya I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Relative effects of spatio-seasonal variations on the quantitative and qualitative status of phytoplankton in 20 sampling locations of Temsah Lake were examined during winter and summer 2018. The study reveals that the population structure consisted of 105 species from 69 genera, with an annual average of 924155 cell/L. Bacillariophyceae formed the most dominant group with 42.45% of total phytoplankton with an average of 372379 cell/L. Navicula creptocephala was the most abundant species representing 19.16% of total diatoms and 7.78% of the whole standing crop with an annual average of 376879 cell/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was in the Northern locations. Phytoplankton density showed a negative correlation of pH, temperature and TDS and positively correlated with nutrient content such as nitrate and silicate. In general, summer showed high indices value compared to winter and the diversity index in the current study ranged in moderate pollution range. The polluted state of the aquatic ecosystem in El-Temsah Lake during summer is comparatively higher than winter during the study period. Palmer’s and diversity indices showed that Northern sites were the most flourishing and polluted sites. The study also recorded a number of tolerate algae (13 genera and 8 species), which can be used as an indicator for different degrees of organic pollution. Genus and species Palmer’s Index scores of the northern site were in the range of ≥20 during summer, indicating most of the sampling locations showed probable to confirmed high level of organic pollution.
Caffeine improves work durability and physical performance in anaerobic exercises among active adults in Tripoli Lebanon
Authors: Tayba Zeina , Sacre Yonna , Attieh Randa , Mannan Haider 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: People worldwide have a high intake of caffeine. Active adults are among the group of people who have always been interested in caffeine as an ergogenic aid. This study aims at examining the association between caffeine consumption and perceived performance (aerobic and anaerobic exercises) among active people attending different gyms in Tripoli. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 participants attending seven gyms in Tripoli. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling for a face-to-face individual interview. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data have been coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The prevalence rate of active people practicing both aerobic and anaerobic exercises is 63.6%. More than half of our sample (54.8%) has been working out for a duration of more than 6 months and 84.6% of respondents spend at least 30 minutes during their workouts. Caffeine consumption was popular in our sample with 92.2% indicating that they use caffeinated products. The findings of this study showed an association between anaerobic exercise and caffeine, perceived as physical performance enhancer and work durability enhancer. Yet no association was found between aerobic exercise and caffeine consumption. Conclusions: Perhaps, future research could focus on the safe doses of caffeine that could be given for anaerobic exercises to have an ergogenic effect. This could help us to build scientific guidelines for caffeine’s association with sports performance.
Use of Lactobacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) as replacements for antibiotic-growth promotants in pigs
Authors: Pupa Pawiya , Apiwatsiri Prasert , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Pirarat Noppadon , Maison Tanawong , Koontanatechanon Anantawat , Prapasarakul Nuvee 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) have appeared promising in in vitro studies. Microencapsulation, especially by the spray-drying method, has been used to preserve their numbers and characteristics during storage and digestion. This study compared the efficacy of these LAB strains and their microencapsulated form with antibiotic usage on growth performance, faecal microbial counts, and intestinal morphology in nursing-finishing pigs. A total of 240 healthy neonatal pigs were treated on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after cross-fostering. Sterile peptone water was delivered orally to the control and antibiotic groups. Six-month storage spray-dried Lactobacillus plantarum strain 22F was administered to piglets in the spraydry group. The three fresh strains of LAB (109 CFU/mL) were orally administered to piglets in each group. All pigs received the basal diets, but these were supplemented with routine antibiotic for the antibiotic group. Pigs in the probiotic supplemented groups (spray-dried and three fresh strains of LAB) exhibited a better average daily gain and feed conversion ratio than those of the controls in the nursery and grower phases. Probiotic supplementation increased viable lactobacilli and decreased enterobacterial counts. Antibiotic additives reduced both enterobacterial and lactobacilli counts. Villous height and villous height:crypt depth ratio were greater in probiotic and antibiotic supplemented pigs comparing to the controls, especially in the jejunum. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using these strains as a substitute for antibiotics and the practicality of the microencapsulation protocol for use in swine farms.
Communication and Innovation in the Performance of Weaving and Pottery Crafts in Gojjam, Ethiopia, Wondifraw Mihret Dessie, Wondemihret2009@gmail.com, Gojjam Ademe Mengistu, Gademe@gmail.com, Tigist Abera Mulualaem, Tabera72@yahoo.com
Authors: Dessie Wondifraw Mihret , Mengistu Gojjam , Mulualem Tigist 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Competitive organizations harness information and knowledge sharing undertakings to take risks and break customary routines. This study investigates craftspeople’s communication practices and innovation implementation towards improving business performance. Cross-sectional survey research design was employed to describe and see the association of communication and innovation with business performance. Data were collected from a sample of 326 craftspeople through structured questionnaire and field observation. Both descriptive and SEM statistics were mainly used to analyze data. Findings revealed that communication practices vital for craftspeople to be innovative and integrate them with clients were negligible. The communication flaws in turn resulted in stagnant and in-house limited trifling inventiveness in craft industries. Moreover, reflexivity, frequency of communication on creativity, product and market innovations were significantly associated with craftspeople’s performance. Hence, it is recommended to arrange training and experience sharing schemes for craftspeople to enhance their communication and innovation skills thereby improve performance.
Effectivity Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Nasopharyngeal Swab Rapid Testing Kits in Pakistan: A Scenario of Inadequate COVID-19 Diagnosis
Authors: Saeed Umar , Uppal Sara Rizwan , Piracha Zahra Zahid , Khan Aftab Ahmad , Rasheed Azhar , Zaheer Hafsah , Aftab Zubair , Uppal Rizwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has urged the need of rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in limited time frame. To cope with current, COVID-19 expanding scenario, accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 should be ensured by both national and international health organizations. Sporadic marketing of SARS-CoV-2 rapid detection kits raises questions regarding quality control and assurance. To aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab based rapid detection kits, in comparison to gold standard USFDA approved triple target real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study of 1500 suspected COVID-19 patients was conducted. 100 RT-PCR confirmed patients nasopharyngeal swabs were evaluated for RDT. The COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 NSP based RDT analysis showed 78% reactivity. Among RT-PCR confirmed negative subjects, 49.3% showed false positivity. The positive predictive analysis revealed 67.82% values, while the negative predictive vales of were 64.40%. The NSP RDTs showed limited sensitivities and specificities compared to gold standard RT-PCR. Accurate surveillance of COVID-19 is dependent upon authentic and validated SARS-CoV-2 detection nation-wide, which needs to be monitored by higher authorities. This study is critical for designing adequate measures by several COVID-19 strategic organizations to prevent future viral epidemics.
Enhanced LION Optimization with Efficient Path Routing Equilization Technique Against DOS Attack in WSN
Authors: R Elavarasan , K Chithra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In WSN, DOS (Denial of service) attack makes shortcoming system. The packets travel over and over in the sensor network. By that all the assets like data transmission, memory, and vitality are squandered by this attack. However, the attacker ought to optimize its attacker plan for request to boost the impact on the system performance because of the deficiency of vitality at the aggressor side. Denial of service (DoS) attack on the Internet has become a squeezing issue. By staying away from these sorts of attacks network performance can be improved. Therefore, Security is a fundamental requirement for these networks. Hence, to overcome the issues faced by the cross layer in the presence of DOS attack in WSN. For reliable data transmission, effective routing is required. This research work mainly focuses on the performance evaluation using optimization methods. To establish the efficient path in the Cross layer against DOS attack, this paper has proposed Enhanced lion optimization with efficient path routing equalization technique (LOEPRE). If there is any failure node occurs in the network then the node is recognized and communication of data packets again transmitted in another node. Retransmission of data causes overload in the network. The proposed model focuses on these issues and overcome these issues by improving the path efficiently with robust security. It consists of three phases: In initial phase include the route discovery in the network. In second phase, enhanced lion optimization technique is used for establish a route to transfer data with high security level. Finally, efficient path routing equalization technique is used for minimize the overload in the network, it provides the equalize path length in the network and is highly efficient. Hence, the proposed LOEPRE technique is used to achieve energy efficiency in wireless network for prolong network lifetime, minimum packet latency, minimize consumption of energy. Moreover, the simulation outcome of the proposed LOEPRE method highly robust while comparing to the existing methods EFCRS, SSPRA ELOER, EFLOR and TSTP. It achieves better performance than existing algorithms in comparing metrics connectivity ratio, end to end delay, overhead, throughput and packet delivery ratio.
The Effect of Anesthesia and Surgery on Postoperative Changes in Plasma biomarkers of neuronal injury, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammation in healthy subjects
Authors: Fan Wenguo , Mai Lijia , Wu Zhi , Wu Qiaomei , Yang Xiaoping , Gu Wenzhen , HE Yifan , Zhu Xiao , Song Guanghui , Huang Fang , He Hongwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Anesthesia and surgery have been linked to neurological sequelae such as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact mechanisms of PND remain ambiguous and controversial, which were deserved to explore further. Methods: Healthy subjects undergoing general anesthesia for orthognathic surgery were prospectively randomized to receive propofol or sevoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Blood samples were taken preoperatively and at 3, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Neurofilament light (NFL), tau, Amyloid β (Aβ)40, Aβ42 and 21 inflammatory mediators in plasma were measured using highly sensitive assays.Results: A total of 50 healthy subjects were enrolled. The mean (SD) age was 24.80(4.63) years. Plasma NFL increased at each measurement from a baseline mean (SD) of 22.3 (20.4) pg/mL to a maximal mean (SD) level of 35.1 (28.7) pg/mL, a maximum increase of 599%, at 3 hours postoperatively. NFL level began to decline at 24 hours, but remained higher at 48 hours. The levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 decreased at 3 hours, and to minimum mean (SD) of 196.70 (38.61) pg/mL and 8.01(1.66) pg/mL at 24 hours postoperatively, respectively. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of plasma tau after anesthesia and surgery. Plasma IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, I-TAC and MIP-1β were significantly increased at 3 hours postoperatively and then declined, which had a similar trajectory with a return to baseline. The peak levels of NFL, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MIP-1β correlated with duration of surgery. The peak plasma NFL level significantly correlated with the levels of IL-6 and IL-8.Conclusions: In the healthy adults, general anesthesia and surgery were associated with an increase in NFL, and a decrease in Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the plasma. Elevated plasma NFL levels might be attributed to many of inflammatory mediators. The data indicate systemic inflammation after anesthesia and surgery may induce neuronal injury. These preliminary findings in healthy subjects could help us to understand the effects of anesthesia/surgery on brain and the potential mechanisms of PND.Trial Registration: The study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on Feb 11st, 2019 (ChiCTR1900021289).
The Influence of Drying-Wetting Cycles on the Suction Stress of Compacted Loess and the associated Microscopic Mechanism
Authors: Nie Yongpeng , Ni Wan kui , Li Xiangning , Wang Haiman , Yuan Kangze , Tuo Wenxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In order to better understand and analyze the unsaturated stability of loess fillings, it is necessary to study the changes in suction stress before and after the drying-wetting cycles. In this study, the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of compacted loess before and after drying-wetting cycles was tested using the filter paper method. Then, the suction stress was calculated and the microstructure of the loess sample was determined by the scanning electron microscope（SEM）and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that the drying-wetting cycles had an important influence on the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) and microstructure of compacted loess. The change in suction stress before and after the drying-wetting cycles can be explained by the loess microstructure. The drying-wetting cycles did not significantly change the basic trend of the compacted loess's suction stress, but it increased the porosity and the diameter of the dominant pore (i.e., the inter-aggregate pore) of the sample, and reduced the suction stress when the same matrix suction was applied. The main significant change in suction stress with matrix suction occurred within the range of the dominant soil pores. The larger the diameter of the dominant pore, the smaller the suction stress under the same matrix suction. In addition, this study also proposes a new method for calculating suction stress based on the pore size distribution（PSD） parameters, which is more convenient than traditional calculation methods based on SWCC parameters.
Burden and Attitude to Resistant and Refractory Migraine A Survey From the European Headache Federation With the Endorsement of the European Migraine &amp; Headache Alliance
Authors: Sacco Simona , Lampl Christian , Brink Antoinette Maassen van den , Caponnetto Valeria , Braschinsky Mark , Ducros Anne , Little Patrick , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Reuter Uwe , Torre Elena Ruiz de la , Rio Margarita Sanchez Del , Sinclair Alexandra J , Martelletti Paolo , Katsarava Zaza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNew treatments are currently offering new opportunities and challenges in clinical management and research in the migraine field. There is the need of homogenous criteria to identify candidates for treatment escalation as well as of reliable criteria to identify refractoriness to treatment. To overcome those issues, the European Headache Federation (EHF) issued a Consensus document to propose criteria to approach difficult-to-treat migraine patients in a standardized way. The Consensus proposed well-defined criteria for resistant migraine (i.e., patients who do not respond to some treatment but who have residual therapeutic opportunities) and refractory migraine (i.e., patients who still have debilitating migraine despite maximal treatment efforts). The aim of this study was to better understand the perceived impact of resistant and refractory migraine and the attitude of physicians involved in migraine care toward those conditions. MethodsWe conducted a web-questionnaire-based cross-sectional international study involving physicians with interest in headache care. ResultsThere were 277 questionnaires available for analysis. A relevant proportion of participants reported that patients with resistant and refractory migraine were frequently seen in their clinical practice (49.5% for resistant and 28.9% for refractory migraine); percentages were higher when considering only those working in specialized headache centers (75% and 46% respectively). However, many physicians reported low or moderate confidence in managing resistant (8.1% and 43.3%, respectively) and refractory (20.7% and 48.4%, respectively) migraine patients; confidence in treating resistant and refractory migraine patients was different according to the level of care and to the number of patients visited per week. Patients with resistant and refractory migraine were infrequently referred to more specialized centers (12% and 19%, respectively); also in this case, figures were different according to the level of care. ConclusionsThis report highlights the clinical relevance of difficult-to-treat migraine and the presence of unmet needs in this field. There is the need of more evidence regarding the management of those patients and clear guidance referring to the organization of care and available opportunities.
Brain connectivity and metacognition in persons with subjective cognitive decline (COSCODE): Rationale and study design
Authors: Ribaldi Federica , Chicherio Christian , Altomare Daniele , Martins Marta , Tomczyk Szymon , Jelescu Ileana , Maturana Enrique , Scheffler Max , Haller Sven , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Pievani Michela , Garibotto Valentina , Kliegel Matthias , Frisoni Giovanni B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the subjective perception of a decline in memory and/or other cognitive functions in the absence of objective evidence. Some SCD individuals however may suffer from very early stages of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s disease, AD), minor psychiatric conditions, neurological, and/or somatic comorbidities. Even if a theoretical framework has been established, the etiology of SCD remains far from elucidated. Clinical observations recently lead to the hypothesis that patients with incipient AD may have overestimated metacognitive judgements of their own cognitive performance, while psychiatric patients typically present underestimated metacognitive judgements. Moreover, brain connectivity changes are known correlates of AD and psychiatric conditions, and might be used as biomarkers to discriminate SCD patients of different etiologies. The aim of the COSCODE study is to identify metacognition, connectivity, behavioural, and biomarker profiles associated with different etiologies of SCD. Here we present its rationale and study design.METHODS. COSCODE is an observational, longitudinal (4 years), prospective clinical cohort study involving 120 SCD, and 80 control subjects (40 persons with no cognitive impairment, and 40 mild cognitive impairment - MCI, or dementia patients), all of which will undergo 3T and 7T diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as behavioural and biomarker assessments at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Both hypothesis-driven and data-driven cluster analysis approaches will be used to identify SCD sub-types based on metacognition, connectivity, behavioural and biomarkers features.CONCLUSION. COSCODE will allow defining and interpreting the constellation of signs and symptoms associated with different etiologies of SCD, paving the way to the development of cost-effective risk assessment and prevention protocols.
Serum Complement C3 Level Is a Predictor of Preterm Birth in Preconception Care for Pregnancies With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuri , Isoda Kentaro , Kotani Takuya , Nakamura Eri , Wada Yumiko , Fujiki Youhei , Makino Shigeki , Fujita Daisuke , Takeuchi Tohru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. This study aimed to clarify predictors of preterm birth in pregnancy of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the predictors of preterm birth before pregnancy from the perspective of the importance of preconception care.Methods. We analysed foetal outcomes of 108 pregnancies in 74 SLE patients. We compared pre-pregnancy clinical characteristics and disease activity in these women between the preterm birth and full-term birth groups to select predictive factors for preterm birth before pregnancy.Results. Eighty-three of 108 pregnancies resulted in live births, of which 27 (25.0%) were preterm births. Pre-pregnancy serum complement 3 (C3) level was significantly lower in the preterm birth group (77.0 mg/dl) than the full-term birth group (87.5 mg/dl) (P = 0.029). Multivariate analysis identified history of lupus nephritis (odds ratio: 5.734, 95% CI: 1.568-21.010, P = 0.008) and low C3 level (<85 mg/dl) at pre-pregnancy (odds ratio: 4.498, 95% CI: 1.296-15.616, P = 0.018) as risk factors for preterm birth. The greater the number of these risk factors, the higher was the preterm birth rate (P = 0.0007). In the case of SLEDAI score ≤ 4, the preterm birth rate was higher in the pre-pregnancy low C3 group (<85 mg / dl) (42.1%) than in the high C3 group (C3 ≥ 85 mg / dl) (14.7%) (P = 0.018).Conclusion. Preconception care improves the outcome of SLE pregnancy. Especially for patients with a history of LN, treatment management focusing on pre-pregnancy serum complement titers is very important.