bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol of the root‐knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognitaby a nematicidal bacteriumPseudomonas simiaeMB751with cyclic dipeptide
Authors: Sun Xiaowen , Zhang Run , Ding Meijuan , Liu Yongxuan , Li Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoot‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are harmful plant‐parasitic nematodes that cause serious damage to plant hosts. In the long‐term practice of RKN management, bacterial nematicides have attracted increasing attention as an effective biocontrol means. Here we determined the active substances againstMeloidogyne incognitafrom a nematicidal bacterium, developed a biocontrol agent (BCA) based on optimized culture processes. The effects of the BCA on RKN control and plant growth‐promotion were evaluated in tomato pot trials.RESULTSPseudomonas simiaestrain MB751 exhibiting significant nematicidal activity againstM. incognitasecond‐stage juveniles (J2) with approximately 80% mortality (with culture supernatant, 96% volume percentage) was isolated from a vineyard. A set of purification and identification experiments was performed to determine the main nematicidal component in MB751. A cyclic dipeptide Cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Leu) was identified with a lethal concentration necessary to kill 50% of the population (LC50) of 65.3 μg mL−1againstM. incognitaJ2. Following optimization trials on culture medium/fermentation conditions, such as the single factor test, Plackett–Burman test, steepest ascent, and response surface methodology experiments, the MB751 fermentation broth was then prepared as a BCA via a cold‐air drying process. The BCA and was evaluated in tomato pot experiments for effectiveness in suppressingM. incognita. Significant effects onM. incognitasuppression and plant‐growth promotion as well as induced systemic resistance toM. incognitaof tomato, were observed.CONCLUSIONThe cyclic dipeptide‐producing bacteriumP. simiaeMB751 exhibited high nematicidal activity and performance. Further development of this BCA should be pursued for the management ofM. incognitain agriculture. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Personalise vitamin D3 using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling
Authors: Huang Zhonghui , You Tao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlasma concentration of vitamin D3 metabolite 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) is variable among individuals. The objective of this study is to establish an accurate model for 25(OH)D3 pharmacokinetics (PKs) to support selection of a suitable dose regimen for an individual. We collated vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 plasma PK data from reported clinical trials and developed a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to appropriately recapitulate training data. Model predictions were then qualified with 25(OH)D3 plasma PKs under vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 dose regimens distinct from training data. From data exploration, we observed the increase in plasma 25(OH)D3 after repeated dosing was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D3 baseline levels. Our final model included a first‐order vitamin D3 absorption, a first‐order vitamin D3 metabolism, and a nonlinear 25(OH)D3 elimination function. This structure explained the apparent paradox. Remarkably, the model accurately predicted plasma 25(OH)D3 following repeated dosing up to 1250 μg/d in the test set. It also made sensible predictions for large single vitamin D3 doses up to 50,000 μg in the test set. Model predicts 10 μg/d regimen may be ineffective for achieving sufficiency (plasma 25(OH)D3 ≥ 75 nmol/L) for a severely deficient individual (baseline 25(OH)D3 = 10 nmol/L), and it might take the same person over 200 days to reach sufficiency at 20 μg/d dose. We propose to personalize vitamin D3 supplementation protocol with this PBPK model. It would require measuring 25(OH)D3 baseline levels, which is not routinely performed under the current UK public health advice.Study Highlights

WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC?

Vitamin D PK exhibits substantial inter‐individual variability. Different officially recommended daily doses are confusing.​

WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS?
Is the UK’s recommended 10 µg daily dose sufficient? Should everyone be given same dose?​

WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE?
Our model accurately predicts plasma 25(OH)D under daily oral administration of vitamin D3. The 10 µg daily vitamin D3 dose is insufficient for prophylaxis (plasma 25(OH)D at 75 nmol/L).​

HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE DRUG DISCOVERY, DEVELOPMENT, AND/OR THERAPEUTICS?
Combining blood test to measure 25(OH)D baseline with this PBPK model will help inform dosage selection and select follow‐up date to improve effectiveness of Hypovitaminosis D treatment.
Solutions of the Eliassen balance equation for inertially and/or symmetrically stable and unstable vortices
Authors: Wang Shanghong , Montgomery Michael T. , Smith Roger K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo methods for solving the Eliassen equation for the corresponding balanced secondary circulation of a numerically simulated, high‐resolution tropical cyclone vortex are compared. In idealized calculations for a symmetrically stable vortex, both methods (successive overrelaxation [SOR] and multigrid) converge and the solutions are broadly similar. In more typical cases, where the vortex has regions of inertial or symmetric instability, it is necessary to coarsen the data from the numerical simulation to determine the balanced secondary circulation. A convergent solution can be obtained with the multigrid method for a finer grid spacing than with the SOR method. However, the multigrid method fails to converge when the vertical grid spacing is similar to that of the numerical simulation. Results using both methods confirm the inability of the balance formulation to capture the strong inflow and resulting tangential wind spin‐up in the frictional boundary layer during a period of rapid intensification. Typical tropical cyclone simulations show an inflow layer just beneath the upper‐level outflow layer, and the corresponding balanced secondary circulation may show such an inflow layer also. However, caution is called for in attributing this inflow layer to a balanced flow response driven by the distribution of diabatic heating and tangential momentum forcing. Our study suggests that this inflow layer is likely an artifact of the ad hoc regularization procedure that is necessary to keep the Eliassen equation globally elliptic in regions of inertial and/or symmetric instability.
Benchmarking Quantum Chemistry Computations with Variational, Imaginary Time Evolution, and Krylov Space Solver Algorithms
Authors: Yeter‐Aydeniz Kübra , Gard Bryan T. , Jakowski Jacek , Majumder Swarnadeep , Barron George S. , Siopsis George , Humble Travis S. , Pooser Raphael C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantum chemistry is a key application area for noisy‐intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices, and therefore serves as an important benchmark for current and future quantum computer performance. Previous benchmarks in this field have focused on variational methods for computing ground and excited states of various molecules, including a benchmarking suite focused on the performance of computing ground states for alkali‐hydrides under an array of error mitigation methods. State‐of‐the‐art methods to reach chemical accuracy in hybrid quantum‐classical electronic structure calculations of alkali hydride molecules on NISQ devices from IBM are outlined here. It is demonstrated how to extend the reach of variational eigensolvers with symmetry preserving Ansätze. Next, it is outlined how to use quantum imaginary time evolution and Lanczos as a complementary method to variational techniques, highlighting the advantages of each approach. Finally, a new error mitigation method is demonstrated which uses systematic error cancellation via hidden inverse gate constructions, improving the performance of typical variational algorithms. These results show that electronic structure calculations have advanced rapidly, to routine chemical accuracy for simple molecules, from their inception on quantum computers a few short years ago, and they point to further rapid progress to larger molecules as the power of NISQ devices grows.
Intercropping kura clover with prairie cordgrass grown on a marginal land enhanced soil carbon and nitrogen fractions
Authors: Abagandura Gandura Omar , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrairie cordgrass (PCG) (Spartina pectinata Link) has been the focus of much scientific attention recently for use in biofuel applications, as it grows well on marginal lands that are unsuitable for row crops. This study investigated how the intercropping of kura clover (KC) (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb) with PCG for 8 yr affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions compared with N fertilization on marginally yielding croplands in South Dakota. This study was initiated in 2011 with five treatments: intercropping PCG with KC (PCG‐KC), and PCG with N fertilizer at four levels: 0 kg N ha–1 (PCG‐0N), 75 kg N ha–1 (PCG‐75N), 150 kg N ha–1 (PCG‐150N), and 225 kg N ha–1 (PCG‐225N). Soil samples were collected in 2018 and analyzed for permanganate oxidizable C and N, stable C and N, mineralized C and N, dissolved organic C and N, and particulate organic C and N. Further, C and N management indices were calculated from these data. Results showed that permanganate oxidizable C and N and particulate organic C and N were generally higher under PCG‐KC than under PCG‐0N and PCG‐75N but similar to PCG‐150N and PCG‐225N. Dissolved organic C and N and C mineralization were higher under PCG‐KC compared with fertilized and unfertilized PCG. Prairie cordgrass–kura clover (190.10) recorded a 91% higher N management index than PCG‐75N (99.66) but was similar to PCG‐150N (165.70) and PCG‐225N (163.10). This study concludes that growing KC–PCG mixture rather than using N fertilizers would have an overall positive effect on marginally yielding cropland soils.
Thoughts on “AIDSandCOVID‐19: A Tale of Two Pandemics and the Role of Statisticians” by Susan S. Ellenberg and Jeffrey S. Morris
Authors: Gail Mitchell H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus and Covid‐19 (or SARS‐CoV‐2) differ in their incubation distributions and in their susceptibility to immunologic defense. These features affect our ability to predict the course of these epidemics and to control them.
A structured Review of Quality of Life in Advanced and High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Shows the Need for More Studies and Better Measures
Authors: Starkings R. , Shilling V. , Jenkins V. , Fallowfield L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for nearly a quarter of non-melanoma skin cancers. Studies reporting Quality of Life (QoL) in this group focus on early stage disease. A small proportion of cSCC patients have high-risk or advanced disease, with potentially significant QoL impacts, yet are largely overlooked.

Aims
This structured review appraises measures and published QoL outcomes in this group.

Materials & Methods
We conducted searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHLplus and PsycInfo in June 2020 (updated in October) to identify publications specifically reporting QoL outcomes in this cohort. Returns were reviewed against a strict set of eligibility criteria.

Results
We identified seven publications for inclusion; three relating to high-risk cSCC, three to metastatic disease and one to unresectable disease. Publications were appraised for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Only one fulfilled more than two of the five quality criteria. Studies employed a range of patient reported outcome measures to assess QoL, both generic and disease specific.

Discussion
All studies with multiple time-points reported stable or improving QoL, however extrapolation of these findings to the cSCC population is not warranted due to study limitations including mixed populations, incomplete data sets or single measurements. We set out to review the QoL literature for high-risk and advanced cSCC and found a small and disparate body of evidence. Studies varied significantly in terms of study population, design and quality. While the identified studies suggested stable or improving QoL, we question the choice of measures used and highlight the need for further work in this area.

Conclusion
While there are some published reports about quality of life for patients with early stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, these impacts for the high-risk or advanced cohort are largely unexplored. We conducted a structured review of published measures and outcomes used in this cohort and found a demonstrable need for further, targeted, exploration of patient needs in this area.
CEO early‐life disaster experience and corporate social performance
Authors: O'Sullivan Don , Zolotoy Leon , Fan Qingliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryDespite an extensive upper echelons literature on how CEOs' prior experiences influence firm behavior, we know little about the influence of traumatic experiences early in CEOs' lives. Drawing on post‐traumatic growth theory, we describe how traumatic experiences early in CEOs' lives influence corporate social performance. Our theory points to the asymmetric impact of CEO early‐life trauma on responsible and irresponsible corporate social performance and to two boundary conditions: CEO age at the time of the traumatic event and the severity of the event. We develop and test our arguments in the context of large‐scale disasters experienced early in the CEO's life. Our findings advance strategic management research on the relationship between CEO experiences and firm outcomes.Managerial SummaryWe consider how traumatic experiences in childhood shape CEO cognition and values and, therefore, firm behavior. Our findings suggest that CEOs who have had to deal with traumatic early‐life events may gain psychological strength from such experiences and that their psychological growth informs firm conduct. Specifically, our findings indicate that experience of trauma early in the CEO's life is positively associated with corporate social performance. The implication is that boards aspiring to enhance this aspect of corporate performance may wish to consider the early‐life experiences of prospective CEOs. While early‐life experiences are unlikely to feature on a prospective CEO's résumé, the typical selection process for senior executive appointments is well placed to unearth executives' life histories.
Die rechnerische Bestimmung der Dämpfung von Stahl‐Eisenbahnbrücken – Teil 2: Verifizierung anhand von Bestandsbrücken
Authors: Stollwitzer Andreas , Fink Josef 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWerden an Eisenbahnbrücken Messungen zur Bestimmung der dynamischen Parameter Eigenfrequenz und Dämpfung durchgeführt, ist hinsichtlich der Dämpfung häufig eine signifikante Diskrepanz zwischen Messung und normativer Vorgabe zu beobachten. Die EN 1991‐2 schreibt für dynamische Berechnungen konservative Dämpfungsmaße vor, welche als untere Grenze der in der Realität zu erwartenden Dämpfung kommuniziert werden und damit stark auf der sicheren Seite liegen. In Teil 1 zum vorliegenden Beitrag wurden für zwei vorab definierte Brückenmodelle neue Ansätze hergeleitet, welche es ermöglichen, die Dämpfung von Eisenbahnbrücken rechnerisch zu ermitteln. Diese Rechenmodelle werden nun durch einen Vergleich mit aus Messdaten identifizierten dynamischen Parametern von 13 bestehenden Stahl‐Eisenbahnbrücken verifiziert. Ein Vergleich zwischen Rechnung und Messung veranschaulicht einerseits die erhebliche Abweichung zwischen normativ vorgeschriebener und real vorhandener Dämpfung. Andererseits wird gezeigt, dass die in Teil 1 vorgestellten Ansätze realitätsnahe Ergebnisse liefern und eine evidenzbasierte Alternative zur Norm darstellen. Dadurch werden Potenziale für eine Minimierung der Diskrepanz zwischen Messung und Rechnung aufgezeigt und eine Grundlage zur realitätsnahen rechnerischen Bestimmung der Dämpfung geschaffen.
Presumed septic sacroiliitis in a puppy with unilateral hind limb lameness and sciatic nerve neuropathy
Authors: Goh Derniese , House Arthur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 5‐month‐old female entire Dachshund presented with an acute onset of left hind limb lameness following intense play. There were concurrent intermittent neurological deficits in the left hind limb, and pain in the lumbosacral region and on dorsal flexion of the tail. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed an asymmetric widening of the left sacroiliac joint with loss of cortical margins, accompanied by mild osteolytic changes of the adjacent ilium and sacrum highly suggestive of septic sacroiliitis. There was also perilesional steatitis in the region of the sciatic nerve. An 8‐week course of antimicrobial therapy was prescribed. Complete resolution of all clinical signs was noted at a 7‐month follow up. Sacroiliitis should be considered as a differential for unilateral hind limb lameness with or without intermittent sciatic neuropathy in a puppy in the absence of other orthopaedic conditions.
Heroin intoxication in a dog
Authors: McDermott Fergal M. , Henriksson Andrea E. , Wismer Tina A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old intact male boxer cross was presented unconscious following oral heroin consumption. At home, intramuscular naloxone given by the owner showed no obvious improvements. Intravenous naloxone given in the hospital quickly reversed the clinical signs. The owners were not able to afford hospitalisation and the animal was discharged against medical advice. No signs of rebound opioid toxicity were reported. This case report describes the clinical presentation and treatment of a case of heroin intoxication in a dog.
Baseflow and transmission loss: A review
Authors: McMahon Thomas A. , Nathan Rory J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is an extensive literature dealing with the interaction between groundwater and surface water, and this includes major reviews on baseflow, transmission losses, baseflow recession analysis, and broader aspects of low flows. Although these are mature topics in hydrology, they continue to attract strong interest, with hundreds of papers published in leading journals over the past 20 years. Our comprehensive review of the relevant literature focusses in detail on the use of linear and nonlinear models of recession discharge, and on transmission loss. From this review we identify three approaches to understanding recession, namely (a) theoretical approaches based on the Boussinesq equation, (b) applications of recession slope analysis, and (c) estimates of transmission loss by input–output water balance. We review the application of these techniques to ephemeral and humid areas and note the wide adoption of linear models despite most researchers accepting that the processes are nonlinear. Few papers address the characteristics of groundwater flow to ephemeral streams from unconfined aquifers. Although initially considered an ephemeral arid/semi‐arid stream feature, transmission loss occurs in streams in humid areas. Interestingly, we identify a significant omission in the literature, in that while it is common to observe nonlinear behavior in streamflow recessions, little explicit account has been given to the role of transmission loss which can be an important factor in identifying the structure of nonlinear recession models.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Synthesis and characterization of second‐generation phosphorus‐nitrogen PN3P‐rhodium (I) pincer complexes via ligand post‐modification
Authors: Zhou Chunhui , Hu Jinsong , Chakraborty Priyanka , Huang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA pseudo‐dearomatized PN3P*Rh−CO complex reacts with various alkyl/benzyl halides to furnish a series of second‐generation PN3P‐pincer carbonyl complexes via the ligand post‐modification strategy. These synthesized complexes were fully characterized by NMR, FTIR, HRMS, and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. A plausible mechanism for the formation of 2nd‐generation PN3P complexes was proposed based on the isolation of the minor dialkylated products.
Tridentate NPN Ligands with a Central Secondary Phosphine Oxide Donor and their Corresponding Metal Complexes
Authors: Keske Eric C. , Sattler Madeleine O. , Lough Alan J. , Morris Robert H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree new Ru complexes with N‐P(OH)‐N donor ligands were synthesized and characterized. A ruthenium complex with a ligand with quinolinyl side arms exhibited monodentate coordination through the phosphorus atom with an intramolecular POH⋅⋅⋅N(quinolinyl) hydrogen bond but with no interaction between nitrogen donors and the ruthenium center. Two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ruthenium complexes with a ligand with pyridyl side arms exhibited fac‐κ3‐NPN’ tridentate coordination to the metal center, one with an interionic POH⋅⋅⋅FPF5 hydrogen bond in the crystal. A paramagnetic nickel [Ni3(N‐P(O)‐N)4] cluster was also characterized; the crystal structure shows three nickel centers in two different environments. The central nickel is coordinated to four deprotonated ligands, two are bidentate κ2‐NO, two are monodentate κ‐O and is connected to the other two nickel centers by two sets of bridging μ2‐O,P moieties. Non‐central nickel centers are each coordinated to one bidentate ligand κ2‐PN and one monodentate ligand κ‐P.
The effect of the drying method on the cell wall structure and sorption properties of waterlogged archaeological wood
Authors: Broda Magdalena , Curling Simon F. , Frankowski Marcin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrying is a process affecting various wood properties, including its structure, moisture behaviour and mechanical properties. Since waterlogged wooden artefacts usually constitute priceless objects of cultural heritage, understanding the effect of drying on the complex interactions between the wood ultrastructure and the resulting properties is necessary to ensure their proper conservation. Hence, this was the aim of the present study, with a particular emphasis on the influence of drying conditions on the relations between the cell wall structure, dimensional stability and hygroscopicity of degraded archaeological wood. The choice of the particular drying methods was dictated by their final effect on wood appearance (dimensions). The results obtained clearly show that depending on the drying method applied, the resulting material differs significantly in structure, dimensions and sorption properties, despite the same degree of wood degradation. Air- and oven-drying resulted in the highest wood shrinkage, lower porosity, and a decreased number of free hydroxyls in the wood cell wall. The best wood dimensional stabilisation and the highest porosity were ensured by freeze- and supercritical drying. No correlations were found between wood structure and moisture behaviour. The outcome of the research may be useful for conservators who plan to provide the artefacts with proper storage conditions and effective conservation/reconservation.