bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio directly regulates zygotic transcription in
Drosophila
through multiple modalities
Authors: Syed Sahla , Wilky Henry , Raimundo João , Lim Bomyi , Amodeo Amanda A. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
At the mid-blastula transition, rapid cell divisions are slowed down and global activation of zygotic genes occur, preparing the early embryo for differentiation and further development. Using live imaging of embryos with reduced ploidy and cell cycle lengths, we examined the effects of the nuclear content to cytoplasm (N/C) ratio on the timing of zygotic genome activation. While some genes are predominantly affected by the N/C ratio–dependent changes in cell cycle durations, other genes demonstrate direct regulation by the N/C ratio through changes in the transcriptional kinetics and in the probability of gene activation.
Self-shaping liquid crystal droplets by balancing bulk elasticity and interfacial tension
Authors: Peddireddy Karthik , Čopar Simon , Le Khoa V. , Muševič Igor , Bahr Christian , Jampani Venkata. S. R. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Liquid crystal (LC) research is rapidly expanding to include studies of curved and topologically nontrivial structures. Here, we explore the role of the bulk LC elasticity and interfacial free energy under weak thermal stimuli to achieve structural transformations in LC emulsions using two different surfactants. Our method is universal and could be used for any LC material or phase. A theoretical model for transforming LC emulsions into uniform fibers and vice versa is presented. We also show the self-shaping of smectic vesicle structures and monodispersed droplet formation at the nematic–smectic transition, utilizing the LC bulk elasticity. This work shows the potential to obtain the controllable shape of complex curved structures for a constant volume of different LCs and other soft materials.
Skew-symmetric endomorphisms in

M1,n

: a unified canonical form with applications to conformal geometry
Authors: Mars Marc , Peón-Nieto Carlos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We show the existence of families of orthonormal, future directed bases which allow to cast every skew-symmetric endomorphism of

M

1
,
n

(

S
k
e
w
E
n
d

M

1
,
n

) in a single canonical form depending on a minimal number of parameters. This canonical form is shared by every pair of elements in

S
k
e
w
E
n
d

M

1
,
n

differing by an orthochronous Lorentz transformation, i.e. it defines the orbits of the orthochronous Lorentz group O
+(1, n) under the adjoint action on its algebra. Using this form, we obtain the quotient topology of

S
k
e
w
E
n
d

M

1
,
n

/

O

+

(

1
,
n

)

. From known relations between

S
k
e
w
E
n
d

M

1
,
n
+
1

and the conformal Killing vector fields (CKVFs) of the sphere

S

n

, a canonical form for CKVFs follows immediately. This form is used to find adapted coordinates to an arbitrary CKVF that covers all cases at the same time. We do the calculation for even n and obtain the case of odd n as a consequence. Finally, we employ the adapted coordinates to obtain a wide class of TT-tensors for n = 3, which provide Cauchy data at conformally flat null infinity

I

. Specifically, this class of data is characterized for generating Λ > 0-vacuum spacetimes with two-symmetries, one of which axial, admitting a conformally flat

I

. The class of data is infinite dimensional, depending on two arbitrary functions of one variable as well as a number of constants. Moreover, it contains the data for the Kerr–de Sitter spacetime, which we explicitly identify within.
Optoelectrical switching behavior based on a composite of a fullerene acceptor and carbazole donor
Authors: Zhao Enming , Liu Guangyu , Xing Chuanxi , Liu Xiaodan , Wang Chen , Zhu Xiaodong , Yang Yanting , Liu Shuo , Huang Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An electron donor–acceptor system composed of a C60 fullerene acceptor and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as the donor has been constructed. This material can respond to both electrical and optical stimuli. Using the C60:PVK blends as the active layer, a solution-processed active layer with a configuration of indium tin oxid (ITO)/C60:PVK/Al is fabricated. Interestingly, when the applied voltages varied from 0 to −0.8 V, the as-fabricated device exhibits both photo-induced resistive state changes and volatile photo-response characteristics in the broadband visible region. The light illumination gives rise to a significant decrease in the device resistance. Furthermore, it is also found that, when the sweep-voltage applied to the device is changed from 0 to ±4 V, this device shows a typical nonvolatile rewritable memory performance in the dark. Upon illumination with different wavelengths of light, both the switching-on voltage and the ON/OFF ratio of the ITO/C60:PVK/Al device are found to be greatly decreased. This work opens up a pathway to the integration of information storage and modulating and demodulating functions in an optoelectronic device.
Tissue differentiation using optical emission spectroscopy for gastric mucosal devitalisation
Authors: Hillebrand Bastian , Jurjut Ovidiu , Schuhmann Tim , Schürmann Mirjam , Neugebauer Alexander , Kemen Matthias , Awakowicz Peter , Enderle Markus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Argon plasma coagulation is a promising new approach to combat obesity. During the procedure, a large area of the gastric lamina mucosae and the parietal cells that are located in this layer are ablated. This reduces the secretion of the hormone ghreline, which is known to play a major role in inducing appetite. One hypothesis is that this procedure partly suppresses the feeling of hunger which lowers the food-intake and body weight effectively. To rule out side effects, the treatment of other structures of the gastric wall that are much more sensitive to thermal injury, such as the tela submucosa and the lamina muscularis propria, needs to be avoided. The possibility of layer specific tissue differentiation is explored in this work using optical emission spectroscopy on ex vivo human stomach tissue. The optical emission generated during the plasma treatment of each layer is measured with two different spectrometers. The three main layers of the gastric wall can be differentiated by specific emissions lines of electrolytic ions and trace elements. In order to evaluate the diagnostic quality of this method a linear support vector classifier is used to differentiate the three layers against each other on the basis of these emission lines of these elements. This differentiation between ‘mucosa’ and ‘submucosa’ results in a sensitivity of up to 82% and specificity of up to 92%. However, a lower sensitivity and specificity is found for a classification between ‘submucosa’ and ‘muscularis’ which implies that a classification between ‘mucosa’ and ‘not mucosa’ would be a much more suitable classification for a later clinical application.
Large linear sensitivity of asymmetric structured giant magnetoresistive device with metastable bcc-Cu spacer and auxiliary biquadratic coupling through Rh spacer
Authors: Taparia Dolly , Fathoni Kresna Bondan , Kulkarni Prabhanjan Dilip , Srinivasan Ananthakrishnan , Alagarsamy Perumal , Sakuraba Yuya , Nakatani Tomoya , Sasaki Taisuke , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Large magnetoresistance (MR) with a linear response to the magnetic field is an important feature in MR devices for magnetic sensor applications. Following the largest MR ratio realized in a current-in-plane (CIP) giant magnetoresistance (GMR) device using a metastable body-centered cubic (bcc)-Cu spacer, we developed a new CIP-GMR device with a combination of two spacer materials, i.e. CoFe/Rh/CoFe (sensing layer)/bcc-Cu/CoFe asymmetric structure and realized a large linear sensitivity due to large MR ratio (21%) and linear response through a biquadratic coupling, high sensitivity of 0.047% mT−1, reduced nonlinearity of 0.98% full scale along with a substantially wider operation field range of 220 mT. Our numerical simulation analyses of magnetization curves clearly establish that the middle CoFe sensing layer is well-controlled by interlayer exchange coupling through the Rh spacer, giving rise to a linear response without losing the high MR ratio through the bcc-Cu spacer. These findings demonstrate that CIP-GMR devices are promising for wide dynamic range magnetic sensors.
Enhanced luminescence of Si(111) surface by localized surface plasmons of silver islands
Authors: Zhou Xinxin , Guo Cong , Wang Zhongping , Fu Mingming , Wei Sheng , Liu Xiaoqing , Wu Sanqin , Wang Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The role of silver localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the luminescence of a Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with a silver tip at 77 K. On a bare Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface, a characteristic peak at 1.85 eV dominates the STM-induced luminescence spectrum, although the luminescence intensity is extremely weak. Once Ag atoms are deposited onto the Si surface to form islands with a few atomic layers, it is found that the intensity of the characteristic peak from the Si surface underneath the Ag islands is significantly enhanced by about one order. In addition to the luminescence from the Si surface, light emission originating from the irradiation decay of the Ag plasmons is also detected. Such great enhancement of the luminescence from the Si surface is attributed to the strong coupling between the surface states of the Si and the LSPs of the Ag islands.
Nonlinear dynamic control of GaAs nanomechanical resonators using lasers
Authors: Jin Leisheng , Zhao Hao , Li Zhi , Jiang Zongqing , Li Lijie , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ability to control, manipulate, and read out nanomechanical resonators is of great significance for many applications. In this work, we start by constructing a nonlinear dynamic model that is deduced from the fundamental beam-photon–electron interaction and energy band theories, with the aim of describing a complicated cavity-free optomechanical coupling process. Based on the model established, we first reveal the manipulation of a resonator’s response, including softening and hardening effects due to laser injection. By driving the laser parametrically, we comprehensively investigate the control of the resonator’s dynamics, in particular, in the nonlinear regime. It is found that both the laser power and frequency can be used to directly manipulate the NEMS resonator’s dynamics, e.g., by amplitude amplification, periodicity changes, and periodic–chaotic state conversion. We then provide bifurcation diagrams, which evidence a deterministic evolution of dynamics. Finally, we perform a special study of the control of chaotic states of the nanomechanical resonator using laser parametric driving. The maximal Lyapunov exponents together with time series calculation show that the chaotic states can be controlled at a few specific frequency points of the injecting laser. This work not only provides guidance for using lasers to control nanoscale resonators, but also sheds light on the exploration of novel applications based on nonlinear NEMS resonators.
Effect and mechanism of action in vitro of cyclodextrin derivative nanoparticles loaded with tyroserleutide on hepatoma
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Hua Yingying , Wei Tiantian , Ma Chenjun , Wang Zhongjie , Zhang Liefeng , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, a cyclodextrin derivative (R6RGD-CMβCD) nanoparticle with tumor targeting and cell penetration ability was successfully synthesized and loaded with tyroserleutide (YSL) to obtain YSL-loaded nanoparticles (YSL/R6RGD-CMβCD NPs). The characterization of these NPs revealed a smooth surfaces and an average diameter of approximately 170 nm. YSL/R6RGD-CMβCD NPs increased the NP uptake in Caco-2 cells. As regard the mechanism of action, the cell uptake was related to endocytosis mediated by reticulin and megacytosis. In addition, YSL/R6RGD-CMβCD NPs induced significantly higher cytotoxicity on tumor cells and better tumor targeting compared with the effect of CMβCD NPs. Most importantly, the good anti-cancer effect of YSL/R6RGD-CMβCD NPs might be due to the interference with the function of mitochondria. On the other hand, YSL/R6RGD-CMβCD NPs were not toxic for normal cells. Taken together, our results indicated that R6RGD-CMβCD could be considered as a nanopharmaceutical material with good tumor targeting abilities, and their combination with YSL could represent an effective anti-cancer system.
Laser-assisted graphene growth directly on silicon
Authors: Vishwakarma Riteshkumar , Zhu Rucheng , Mewada Ashmi , Umeno Masayoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Controlled graphene growth on a substrate without the use of catalysts is of great importance for industrial applications. Here, we report thickness-controlled graphene growth directly on a silicon substrate placed in a low-density microwave plasma environment using a laser. Graphene is relatively easy to grow in high-density plasma; however, low-density plasma lacks the sufficient energy and environment required for graphene synthesis. This study reports that laser irradiation on silicon samples in a low-density plasma region nucleates graphene, and growth is controlled with laser exposure time and power. A graphene–silicon junction is thus formed and shows an enhanced (1.7 mA) short-circuit current as compared to one grown in high-density plasma (50 μA) without the laser effects. Synthesized graphene is characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy to investigate surface morphology and Hall effect measurements for electronic properties. The key aspect of this report is the use of a laser to grow graphene directly on the silicon substrate by ensuring that the bulk resistance of the silicon is unaffected by ion bombardment. Additionally, it is observed that graphene grain size varies in proportion to laser power. This report can help in the growth of large-area graphene directly on silicon or other substrates at reduced substrate temperatures with advanced electronic properties for industrial applications.
Effects of equilibrium radial electric field on ion temperature gradient instability in the scrape-off layer of a field-reversed configuration
Authors: Wang W H , Bao J , Wei X S , Lin Z , Choi G J , Dettrick S , Kuley A , Lau C , Liu P F , Tajima T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Linear and nonlinear effects of the equilibrium radial electric field on the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of a field-reversed configuration have been studied using gyrokinetic particle simulations for a single toroidal mode. Linear simulations with adiabatic electrons find that the

E
×
B

flow shear reduces the growth rate and causes a radial tilting of the mode structure on the toroidal plane. Nonlinear simulations find that the

E
×
B

flow shear significantly decreases ITG saturation amplitude and ion heat transport in the SOL by reducing both turbulence intensity and eddy size. The turbulence intensity is determined by fluid eddy rotation, which is the dominant saturation mechanism for the SOL ITG instability with a single toroidal mode number. On the other hand, parallel wave-particle decorrelation is the dominant mechanism for the SOL ITG turbulent transport. A random walk model using the guiding center radial excursion as the characteristic length scale and the eddy turnover time as the characteristic time scale fits very well to the scaling of ion heat conductivity with the

E
×
B

flow shear.
Influence of vehicle body vibration induced by road excitation on the performance of a vehicle-mounted piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Li Xia , Liu Benxue , Wang Junlei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to study the influence of vehicle body vibration caused by road excitation on the output performance of a vehicle piezoelectric electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester, the theoretical analysis of the energy harvester is carried out, and a corresponding electromechanical coupling model is established. The hybrid energy harvester includes a flutter piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) and an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (EVEH). Sweep frequency experiments and wind tunnel experiments were carried out to verify the correctness of the coupling model. By establishing the road-vehicle coupling differential equations solving module, the vehicle body vibration under different road surfaces was simulated, and the influence of different roads on output performance is analyzed. The results show that when vehicle body vibration is not considered, the cut-in speed of the harvester is 32 km h−1. When the vehicle speed is higher than 32 km h−1, vehicle body vibration caused by road roughness will suppress the overall output performance. When the vehicle speed is less than 32 km h−1, the vibration of the vehicle body will cause the energy harvester to have no obvious cut-in wind speed. And the higher the road level, the stronger the body vibration, and the better the output performance when the vehicle speed is less than 32 km h−1. Under E-class road with vehicle body vibration considered, it has already power output at a vehicle speed of 20 km h−1. When the vehicle speed reaches 57 km h−1, the output power of hybrid FPEH and EVEH reach 1.74 and 2.51 mW under E-class road (2.88 and 3.25 mW under A-class road), respectively.
Approximate nonlinear wave solutions of the coupled two-component Gross–Pitaevskii equations with spin–orbit interaction
Authors: Belobo D Belobo , Meier T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent experimental observations of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) open the way for investigating novel physics of nonlinear waves with promising applications in atomic physics and condensed matter physics. The interplay between atomic interactions and SOC are crucial for the understanding of the dynamics of nonlinear waves in BECs with SOC. Here, in the small linear coupling regime, an approach is presented which allows us to derive an infinite number of novel approximate solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equations (GPEs) in one and two dimensions including SOCs, time-dependent external potentials, and nonlinearities leading to breathers and periodic as well as quasiperiodic nonlinear waves. To verify the theoretical predictions we perform numerical simulations which show for several cases a very good agreement with the analytics. For the case of one spatial dimension, it is shown that functions describing the external potential and nonlinearities cannot be chosen independently. The management of the solutions is clarified along with some important physical properties such as Josephson oscillations and Rosen–Zener oscillations.
Exploring multi-level Rydberg excitation schemes for suppressing motional dephasing in optically trapped Cs atom qubits
Authors: Raina Parth , Santra Bodhaditya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We analyse in detail various multi-level Rydberg excitation schemes which can be used to suppress motional dephasing in optically trapped Cesium atom qubits in the context of quantum information processing. To explore the dephasing mechanism on a quantitative level, we analyse the time evolution of the atom’s wavefunction, under the application of a composite pulse sequence (π − 4π − π), taking into account controllable experimental parameters like the Rabi frequency and temperature. Our study determines the characteristics of a three level system that can be used with this pulse sequence for eliminating motional dephasing. Such systems can hence be directly employed in state-of-the-art quantum simulation and quantum computation experiments to reduce the trap induced decoherence. This paves the way towards the realization of large scale quantum information processing architecture using optically trapped alkali atom qubits.
Shannon, Rényi entropies, and Fisher information calculations of the Li1+ and Be2+ ions screened by the ion-sphere plasma model
Authors: Martínez-Flores César , Zeama Mostafa , Nasser Ibraheem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We show results for the Shannon entropy, Rényi entropy, Fisher information, and their relative relations in the position space for the Li1+ and Be2+ ions embedded in a strong plasma. This medium is simulated by the ion-sphere screening model as a function of the plasma electron density, N

e
. We solve the Hartree–Fock equations using a numerical grid method in a self-consisting manner and the simple Hylleraas-type correlated wave function is applied. Our findings show a reduction of the total energy for both ions as the electron density is increased reaching the ionization limit. We find interesting features in the description of the Shannon entropy and Fisher information where the correlation effects of the embedded ions are relevant. The Shannon-Fisher product results indicate that the electron-electron correlation decreases as N

e
increases and similar behavior is found for the Rényi-Fisher product. Finally, in the absence of the plasma medium, our results are in excellent agreement with those available in the literature.
Numerical analysis of transport properties of ZnO based Schottky diode
Authors: Ahmed Nosheen , Khan Azam , Hussain Mushtaque 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since numerical methods allow us to generate data faster than experimental methods in less time and with less effort, therefore in the presented work two well-known numerical methods known as Newton-Raphson and Gauss-Seidel were employed to compute electrical parameters of electronic devices at highly sensitive temperature from 300 K to 1000 K to discuss the significance of these parameters on the competency of devices. ZnO based Schottky diode has been considered due to the substantial properties of ZnO which are very crucial in the invention of high-quality devices.
The investigations were focused on exploring the consequences of highly sensitive temperature on electrical parameters like ideality factor, saturated current, donor concentration, built in potential and height of barrier of Schottky diode. All parameters were computed by applying Newton-Raphson and Gauss-Seidel method on well-known thermionic emission model and capacitance-voltage equations.
Improving the discretely modulated underwater continuous-variable quantum key distribution with heralded hybrid linear amplifier
Authors: Xiang Yong , Wang Yijun , Ruan Xinchao , Zuo Zhiyue , Guo Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current investigation on continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is mainly based on the optical fibre or the free space atmosphere channel, while the ocean, which covers most of the Earth, has not been well utilized. In this paper, we analyze the influence of depth and wavelength on the attenuation effect of seawater on light by using a model based on the concentration of chlorophyll-a, and propose an improved four-state underwater CV-QKD protocol with a heralded hybrid linear amplifier (HLA). Both homodyne detection with a phase-sensitive amplifier and heterodyne detection with a phase-insensitive amplifier are considered. Simulation results show that the introduction of the heralded HLA can effectively extend the secure transmission distance of the key. Besides, when the transmission distance is relatively long, the secret key rate of the protocol is higher than that of the protocol without HLA.