bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of maternal apical periodontitis on the final step of insulin signalling and inflammatory pathway in the adult male offspring of rats
Authors: Tsosura Thaís Verônica Saori , Mattera Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Carnevali Ana Carolina Nascimento , Belardi Bianca Elvira , dos Santos Rodrigo Martins , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Lopes Flávia Lombardi , Scaramele Natália Francisco , Matsushita Doris Hissako 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the final step of insulin signalling, inflammatory pathway (related to the inhibition of insulin signalling), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) protein content and DNA methylation in the Slc2a4 gene promoter region in the skeletal muscle of adult male offspring of rats with apical periodontitis (AP) in a single tooth or in four teeth.MethodologyFemale Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: a control group, a group with one tooth with AP and a group with four teeth with AP. Thirty days after induction of AP, female rats from all groups were mated with healthy male rats. When male offspring reached 75 days of age, the following analyses were performed in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM): insulin‐stimulated Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation status; NF‐κB p50 and p65 subunits phosphorylation status; GLUT4, TNF‐α and PGC‐1α protein content by Western blotting; GLUT4 and TNF‐α gene expression by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and DNA methylation in the Slc2a4 gene promoter region by restriction digestion and real‐time PCR. Analysis of variance was performed, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. p values <.05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsMaternal AP in four teeth decreased insulin‐stimulated Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation status, reduced GLUT4 gene expression and its protein content, and increased NF‐κB p50 and p65 subunits phosphorylation status in the GM of adult offspring. There were no alterations in the parameters analysed in the GM of adult offspring of rats with AP in a single tooth. In addition, maternal AP did not affect TNF‐α gene expression and its protein content, PGC‐1α protein content and DNA methylation in the Slc2a4 gene promoter region in the GM of adult offspring.ConclusionsMaternal AP in four teeth was associated with impairment in the final step of insulin signalling in the GM of adult male offspring in rats. An increase in NF‐κB activity may be involved in this decrease in insulin signalling. This study demonstrates the impact of maternal AP on the health of offspring, demonstrating the importance of maintaining adequate maternal oral health to prevent diseases in adult offspring in rats.
Psychological/mental stress‐induced effects on urinary function: Possible brain molecules related to psychological/mental stress‐induced effects on urinary function
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Shimizu Shogo , Higashi Youichirou , Saito Motoaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExposure to psychological/mental stress can affect urinary function, and lead to and exacerbate lower urinary tract dysfunctions. There is increasing evidence showing stress‐induced changes not only at phenomenological levels in micturition, but also at multiple levels, lower urinary tract tissues, and peripheral and central nervous systems. The brain plays crucial roles in the regulation of the body's responses to stress; however, it is still unclear how the brain integrates stress‐related information to induce changes at these multiple levels, thereby affecting urinary function and lower urinary tract dysfunctions. In this review, we introduce recent urological studies investigating the effects of stress exposure on urinary function and lower urinary tract dysfunctions, and our recent studies exploring “pro‐micturition” and “anti‐micturition” brain molecules related to stress responses. Based on evidence from these studies, we discuss the future directions of central neurourological research investigating how stress exposure‐induced changes at peripheral and central levels affect urinary function and lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Brain molecules that we explored might be entry points into dissecting the stress‐mediated process for modulating micturition.
Ta2O5 nanocrystals strengthened linear, nonlinear, and Faraday properties of heavy metal oxide diamagnetic material
Authors: Chen Qiuling , Li Zhuangzhuang , Miao Baoji , Zhang Xinhai , Zhang Shouhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, for the first time the diamagnetic 5d0 Ta5+ ions and Ta2O5 nanocrystals were utilized to enhance the thermal stability, optical linear and nonlinear, and Faraday rotation of diamagnetic glasses. Temperature‐dependent crystal morphology, phases, and structures of Ta2O5 were studied and 50 nm spherical δ‐Ta2O5 nanocrystal was obtained and shown decreased band gap of 3.68 eV. Transparent Ta2O5 nanocrystal doped diamagnetic glasses were obtained, and the embedded Ta2O5 nanocrystals have size ranging from 50 to 80 nm. EDX, XRD, FT‐IR, and Raman analysis indicated that Ta2O5 partially dissolved into glass as TaO6 octahedral units, while partially residual as undissolved Ta2O5 nanocrystals. Ta5+ ions strengthened the network connectivity of 1%–5% Ta2O5‐doped glasses, but Ta5+ acted as network modifier in 10% doped sample and changed the frame coordination units of glass. Therefore, 1% and 5% Ta2O5‐doped glasses showed high Tg and large thermal stability (107° and 120°). All Ta2O5‐doped glasses exhibited broad and intense optical emission at 420 nm, excellent nonlinear refractive index (5.22 × 10−14 cm2/W) and giant Verdet constant (56.19 rad/T·m) due to the increase in density, polarizability, and diamagnetic susceptibility by Ta2O5 doping.
Comparing and combining evidence of treatment effects in randomized and nonrandomized studies on the use of misoprostol to prevent postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Morfaw Frederick , Miregwa Bernard , Bi Ayaba , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Anderson Laura N. , Thabane Lehana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a preventable condition and the main cause of maternal death worldwide. Evidence on the effectiveness of misoprostol in the prevention of PPH has been generated from both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies (NRS). This study aimed to compare the results of RCTs and NRS, and to compare Classical and Bayesian approaches of combining the results of RCTs and NRS on the use of misoprostol versus placebo in the prevention of PPH.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for appropriate studies. We pooled estimates of effects from RCTs and NRS seperately, using random‐effects models, then merged them using classical and Bayesian random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 34 studies (20 RCTs and 14 NRS) involving 74 204 participants were identified. The summary odds ratio (OR) from RCTs for the use of misoprostol in the prevention of PPH was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 0.80). The summary OR from NRS was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.63). Classical and Bayesian approaches of combining the two study designs both showed benefit of misoprostol in preventing PPH, with similar effects.ConclusionsBoth RCTs and NRS show comparable significant benefit for the use of misoprostol in the prevention of PPH.
Middle ear neuroendocrine tumours: Insight into their pathogenesis, diagnosis and management
Authors: Ratnayake Gowri M. , Luong Tu Vinh , Toumpanakis Christos , Caplin Martyn , Grossman Ashley B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) have led to the identification of NETs in unusual locations. NETs originating in the middle ear have been reported in a number of case reports with differing terminologies, where they were variously referred to as middle ear adenomas or middle ear carcinoids. In this report, we describe two cases of middle ear NETs with locally advanced disease and with distant metastases, respectively. The embryological origin, pathogenesis and histopathological characteristics, including immunohistochemical markers, are discussed aiming to clarify the terminology of these tumours. Functional imaging modalities (eg, 68Ga‐DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging and determining the optimal systemic therapy in managing NETs of the middle ear. In addition, surgical, local and systemic therapeutic modalities are discussed, including the management option of long‐acting somatostatin analogue therapy and targeted radionuclide therapy for somatostatin receptor‐positive well‐differentiated middle ear NETs.
Feature‐fusion improves MRI single‐shot deep learning detection of small brain metastases
Authors: Amemiya Shiori , Takao Hidemasa , Kato Shimpei , Yamashita Hiroshi , Sakamoto Naoya , Abe Osamu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo examine whether feature‐fusion (FF) method improves single‐shot detector's (SSD's) detection of small brain metastases on contrast‐enhanced (CE) T1‐weighted MRI.MethodsThe study included 234 MRI scans from 234 patients (64.3 years±12.0; 126 men). The ground‐truth annotation was performed semiautomatically. SSDs with and without an FF module were developed and trained using 178 scans. The detection performance was evaluated at the SSDs’ 50% confidence threshold using sensitivity, positive‐predictive value (PPV), and the false‐positive (FP) per scan with the remaining 56 scans.ResultsFF‐SSD achieved an overall sensitivity of 86.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: [83.0%, 85.6%]; 196/228) and 46.8% PPV (95% CI: [42.0%, 46.3%]; 196/434), with 4.3 FP (95% CI: [4.3, 4.9]). Lesions smaller than 3 mm had 45.8% sensitivity (95% CI: [36.1%, 45.5%]; 22/48) with 2.0 FP (95% CI: [1.9, 2.1]). Lesions measuring 3–6 mm had 92.3% sensitivity (95% CI: [86.5%, 92.0%]; 48/52) with 1.8 FP (95% CI: [1.7, 2.2]). Lesions larger than 6 mm had 98.4% sensitivity (95% CI: [97.8%, 99.4%]; 126/128) 0.5 FP (95% CI: [0.5, 0.8]) per scan. FF‐SSD had a significantly higher sensitivity for lesions < 3 mm (p = 0.008, t = 3.53) than the baseline SSD, while the overall PPV was similar (p = 0.06, t = –2.16). A similar trend was observed even when the detector's confidence threshold was varied as low as 0.2, for which the FF‐SSD's sensitivity was 91.2% and the FP was 9.5.ConclusionsThe FF‐SSD algorithm identified brain metastases on CE T1‐weighted MRI with high accuracy.
Pilot study of universal screening of children and child‐parent cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australia
Authors: Martin Andrew C , Hooper Amanda J , Norman Richard , Nguyen Lan T , Burnett John R , Bell Damon A , Brett Tom , Garton‐Smith Jacquie , Pang Jing , Nowak Kristen J , Watts Gerald F 
Published: August 2021

AimFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common and treatable cause of premature coronary artery disease. However, the majority of individuals with FH remain undiagnosed. This study investigated the feasibility, acceptability and cost‐effectiveness of screening children aged 1–2 years for FH at the time of an immunisation.MethodsChildren 1–2 years of age were offered screening for FH with a point‐of‐care total cholesterol (TC) test by capillary‐collected blood sample at the time of an immunisation. An additional blood sample was taken to allow genetic testing if the TC level was above the 95th percentile (>5.3 mmol/L). Parents of children diagnosed with FH were offered testing. Following detection of the affected parent, cascade testing of their first‐degree blood relatives was performed.ResultsWe screened 448 children with 32 (7.1%) having a TC ≥ 5.3 mmol/L. The FH diagnosis was confirmed in three children (1:150 screened). Reverse cascade testing of other family members identified a further five individuals with FH; hence, eight new cases of FH were diagnosed from screening 448 children (1:56 screened). Ninety‐six percent of parents would screen future children for FH. The approach was cost‐effective, at $3979 per quality‐adjusted life year gained.ConclusionIn Western Australia, universal screening of children aged 1–2 years for FH, undertaken at the time of an immunisation, was a feasible and effective approach to detect children, parents and other blood relatives with FH. The approach was acceptable to parents and is potentially a highly cost‐effective detection strategy for families at risk of FH.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy in a family of mixed breed dogs associated with a novelRETREG1variant
Authors: Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , Mellersh Cathryn , Wessmann Annette , Ortega Maria , Penderis Jacques , Sharpe Samuel , Freeman Eleanor , Stevenson Lynn , Burmeister Louise 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) are a group of genetic disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. Two different associated variants have been identified in dogs: 1 in Border Collies and 1 in Spaniels and Pointers.ObjectivesClinically and genetically characterize HSAN in a family of mixed breed dogs.AnimalsFive 7‐month‐old mixed breed dogs from 2 related litters were presented for evaluation of a 2‐month history of acral mutilation and progressive pelvic limb gait abnormalities.MethodsComplete physical, neurological, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological evaluations were performed. Whole genome sequencing of 2 affected dogs (1 from each litter) was used to identify variants that were homozygous or heterozygous in both cases, but wild type in 217 control genomes of 100 breeds. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess protein expression.ResultsComplete physical, neurological, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological evaluations confirmed a disorder affecting sensory and autonomic nerves. Whole genome sequencing identified a missense variant in theRETREG1(reticulophagy regulator 1) gene (c.656C > T, p.P219L). All affected dogs were homozygous for the variant, which was not detected in 1193 dogs from different breeds. Immunohistochemistry showed no expression of RETREG1 in the cerebellum of affected dogs. One of the affected dogs lived for 5 years and showed gradual progression of the clinical signs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe confirmed the diagnosis of HSAN in a family of mixed breed dogs and identified a novel and possibly pathogenicRETREG1variant. Affected dogs experienced gradual deterioration over several years.
Importance‐related fillers improve the classification accuracy of the response time concealed information test in a crime scenario
Authors: Wojciechowski Jerzy , Lukács Gáspár 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe Response Time Concealed Information Test (RT‐CIT) can reveal when a person recognizes a relevant item among other irrelevant items, based on comparatively slower responses. Therefore, if a person is concealing knowledge about the relevance of this item (e.g., recognizing it as a murder weapon), this deception can be revealed. A recent study introduced additional ‘familiarity‐related fillers’, and these items substantially enhanced diagnostic efficiency in detecting autobiographical data. However, the generalizability of the efficiency of fillers to other scenarios remains an open question. We empirically investigated whether new importance‐related fillers enhanced diagnostic efficiency in an imaginary crime scenario.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐nine volunteers participated in an independent samples experiment. Participants were asked to imagine either committing a crime (‘guilty’ group) or to imagine visiting a museum (‘innocent’ group). Then, all participants underwent RT‐CIT testing using either a standard single probe or an enhanced single probe (with importance‐related fillers) protocol.ResultsThe enhanced RT‐CIT (with importance‐related fillers) showed high diagnostic efficiency (AUC = .810), and significantly outperformed the standard version (AUC = .562). Neither dropout rates nor exclusion criteria influenced this enhancement.ConclusionsImportance‐related fillers improve diagnostic efficiency when detecting episodic information using the RT‐CIT and seem to be useful in detecting knowledge in a wide range of scenarios.
Topography drives microgeographic adaptations of closely related species in two tropical tree species complexes
Authors: Schmitt Sylvain , Tysklind Niklas , Hérault Bruno , Heuertz Myriam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClosely related tree species that grow in sympatry are abundant in rainforests. However, little is known of the ecoevolutionary processes that govern their niches and local coexistence. We assessed genetic species delimitation in closely related sympatric species belonging to two Neotropical tree species complexes and investigated their genomic adaptation to a fine‐scale topographic gradient with associated edaphic and hydrologic features. Combining LiDAR‐derived topography, tree inventories, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gene capture experiments, we explored genome‐wide population genetic structure, covariation of environmental variables, and genotype‐environment association to assess microgeographic adaptations to topography within the species complexes Symphonia (Clusiaceae), and Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) with three species per complex and 385 and 257 individuals genotyped, respectively. Within species complexes, closely related tree species had different realized optima for topographic niches defined through the topographic wetness index or the relative elevation, and species displayed genetic signatures of adaptations to these niches. Symphonia species were genetically differentiated along water and nutrient distribution particularly in genes responding to water deprivation, whereas Eschweilera species were genetically differentiated according to soil chemistry. Our results suggest that varied topography represents a powerful driver of processes modulating tropical forest biodiversity with differential adaptations that stabilize local coexistence of closely related tree species.
Industrialization and skill acquisition in an evolutionary model of coordination failures
Authors: de Souza Joao Paulo A. , Gómez‐Ramírez Leopoldo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an evolutionary model of coordination problems in economic development that examines technology adoption jointly with skill acquisition. The model allows for multiple channels of interdependence across firms and for employment creation to be determined by technological and institutional factors. We show that industrial policies are key to ensuring the effectiveness of educational policies, and that robust employment creation is key to ensuring the effectiveness of both industrial and educational policies. These results speak to recent concerns about insufficient employment creation in high‐productivity activities and suggest the need to include employment promotion as an objective of development policy.
Identification of genetic determinants of tomato brown rugose fruit virus that enable infection of plants harbouring the Tm‐22 resistance gene
Authors: Yan Zhi‐Yong , Ma Hua‐Yu , Wang Lu , Tettey Carlos , Zhao Mei‐Sheng , Geng Chao , Tian Yan‐Ping , Li Xiang‐Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTomato cultivars containing the Tm‐22 resistance gene have been widely known to resist tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato mosaic virus. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a new emerging tobamovirus, can infect tomato plants carrying the Tm‐22 gene. However, the virulence determinant of ToBRFV that overcomes the resistance conferred by the Tm‐22 gene remains unclear. In this study, we substituted the movement protein (MP) encoding sequences between ToBRFV and TMV infectious clones and conducted infectivity assays. The results showed that MP was the virulence determinant for ToBRFV to infect Tm‐22 transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and Tm‐22‐carrying tomato plants. A TMV MP chimera with amino acid residues 60–186 of ToBRFV MP failed to induce hypersensitive cell death in the leaves of Tm‐22 transgenic N. benthamiana plants. Chimeric TMV containing residues 60–186 of ToBRFV MP could, but chimeric ToBRFV containing 61–187 residues of TMV MP failed to infect Tm‐22 transgenic N. benthamiana plants, indicating that 60–186 residues of MP were important for ToBRFV to overcome Tm‐22 gene‐mediated resistance. Further analysis showed that six amino acid residues, H67, N125, K129, A134, I147, and I168 of ToBRFV MP, were critical in overcoming Tm‐22‐mediated resistance in transgenic N. benthamiana plants and tomato plants. These results increase our understanding of the mechanism by which ToBRFV overcomes Tm‐22‐mediated resistance.
Inhibition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase by natural plant extracts
Authors: Tokin Radina , Frandsen Kristian E. H. , Ipsen Johan Ørskov , Lo Leggio Leila , Poojary Mahesha M. , Berrin Jean‐Guy , Grisel Sacha , Brander Søren , Jensen Poul Erik , Johansen Katja Salomon 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes of industrial and biological importance. In particular, LPMOs play important roles in fungal lifestyle. No inhibitors of LPMOs have yet been reported.

In this study, a diverse library of 100 plant extracts was screened for LPMO activity‐modulating effects. By employing protein crystallography and LC–MS, we successfully identified a natural LPMO inhibitor.

Extract screening revealed a significant LPMO inhibition by methanolic extract of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon), which inhibited LsAA9A LPMO from Lentinus similis in a concentration‐dependent manner. With a notable exception, other microbial LPMOs from families AA9 and AA10 were also inhibited by this cinnamon extract. The polyphenol cinnamtannin B1 was identified as the inhibitory component by crystallography. Cinnamtannin B1 was bound to the surface of LsAA9A at two distinct binding sites: one close to the active site and another at a pocket on the opposite side of the protein. Independent characterization of cinnamon extract by LC–MS and subsequent activity measurements confirmed that the compound inhibiting LsAA9A was cinnamtannin B1.

The results of this study show that specific natural LPMO inhibitors of plant origin exist in nature, providing the opportunity for future exploitation of such compounds within various biotechnological contexts.