bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between thresholds of free radical generation and atomization under ultrasound exposure
Authors: Aikawa Takeshi , Kudo Nobuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The relationship between thresholds of free radical generation and atomization under ultrasound exposure was investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of ultrasonic atomization. In the experiments to gradually increase the transducer driving voltage, the free radical generation, a quick transition of the water surface shape from a protuberance to a fountain, and atomization had the same threshold. The experiments using the acoustic loading conditions with the different water surface shapes also confirmed this fact. Furthermore, a focused shadowgram of the ultrasound field taken using a small container that mimics the protuberance visualized the generation of spotty-shaped high-intensity nodes inside and near the boundary of the protuberance. These results indicate that the induction of cavitation promoted by the high-intensity nodes triggers the appearance of the fountain that leads to the creation of atomization.
Electronic and lattice properties of nanostructured TiN/MgO and ScN/MgO superlattices
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuaki , Takaki Hirokazu , Shimono Masato , Kobayashi Nobuhiko , Hirose Kenji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Various nanostructured TMN(001) dot/MgO(001) (TM = Sc, Ti) superlattices have been investigated. Here, we consider single and double layered TM dot structures with rectangular and rectangular parallelepiped shapes. MgO-2 × 2 and −3 × 3 substrates were used. Their electronic states were obtained using a total energy pseudopotential method. The internal atomic coordinates from the repeated slab model in the unit cell were fully relaxed. Various relaxed structures and electronic properties of the TMN(001) dot/MgO-2 × 2 and −3 × 3 superlattices were obtained. We determined their total and partial densities of states. Peaks of density of states (DOS) of the ScN dot/MgO superlattices around the band gap consist of Sc 3d and N 2p states and those of the TiN dot/MgO superlattices consist of mainly Ti 3d states. The largest band gap value in the TiN(001) dot/MgO(001) (ScN(001) dot/MgO(001)) superlattice is 1.22 eV (1.48 eV) from the density-functional theory-local density approximation calculation. The electronic properties (band gap values, DOS curves, and many more) vary with varying dot shape and substrate size. Most band gap values corrected using a generalized density-functional theory were improved.
Hubungan onset to door time respons dengan clinical outcomes pada pasien CVA Iskemik
Authors: Romli Leo Yosdimyati , Indrawati Ucik 
Published: April 2021

Banyak upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengurangi keterlambatan masuk rumah sakit pada pasien dengan stroke, kedatangan di rumah sakit lebih awal dapat meningkatkan hasil fungsional dan mengurangi kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan onset to door time respons dengan clinical outcomes pada pasien CVA iskemik.
Desain penelitian ini yaitu cross sectional study dengan populasi semua penderita CVA Iskemik di Ruang Flamboyan RSUD Jombang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 45 responden yang diambil dengan consecutive sampling. Variabel penelitian ini adalah onset to door time respons dan clinical outcomes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan peneliti melakukan observasi dan pengukuran pada variabel onset to door time respons dan clinical outcomes. Analisis data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan uji Korelasi Spearman’s rho.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian kecil (20%) responden memiliki onset to door time respons dengan clinical outcomes membaik dan sebagian kecil (17,8%) responden memiliki onset to door time respons dengan clinical outcomes memburuk. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa sig. (2-tailed) = 0,001 < 0,05 maka artinya ada hubungan onset to door time respons dengan clinical outcomes.
Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah onset to door time respons berhubungan dengan clinical outcomes pada pasien CVA Iskemik. Penanganan onset to door time respons merupakan faktor yang sangat penting yang berpegaruh pada clinical outcomes pada pasien CVA Iskemik.
Comparison of prevalence of various ENT diseases and hearing impairment among children of government schools versus private schools of Mardan
Authors: Akram Sumera , Khan Muhammad Ahmed , Rehman Abdul , Malik Kamran Zamurrad , Afridi Jehangir Ahmed , Akram Sumera 
Published: April 2021

Background: School children are frequently afflicted with ENT diseases. The diseases and their associated complications, especially hearing impairment, can be devastating to the children and families alike. Socioeconomic status of children can have strong effect on frequency of various ENT diseases. The objective of this study is to compare the frequency of various ENT diseases among children studying in government schools versus those in private schools of district Mardan.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Mardan from July to December 2019. The researchers visited four schools (two government and two private schools) in Mardan district. Relevant history was obtained and physical examination was done to find out the frequency of various ENT diseases. The data variables (age, gender, ENT diseases, hearing impairment) were noted in research Performa and data was entered and analysed in SPSS 21 software. Frequencies were determine for age, gender and ENT diseases. Independent t-test was used to analyze quantitative variables, while Chi-square was used to analyze qualitative variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Total 2986 children were examined in 4 schools. The mean age of the children was 11 years. There were 56% boys and 44% girls. Total 2106 children were examined in two government schools and 880 children were examined in two private schools. The frequency of impacted cerumen was 18.4% (21.2% of government school children versus 11.4% of private school children; p<0.05). Frequency of allergic rhinitis was 9.7% (9.5% of government school children versus 10.1% of private school children; p=0.635). The frequency of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in government school children was 4.9% versus 2.5% among those in private schools (p<0.05). In this study cumulative prevalence of hearing impairment was 26.8%, where prevalence in government school children was 30.9% versus 17.2% in private schools (p-value<0.001). The causes of hearing impairment were impacted ear cerumen (68.3%), CSOM (15.7%), otitis externa (6.2%), OME (4.1%), otitis media (2.8%), congenital ear deformities (1.6%) and foreign bodies in ear (1.2%). The main causes of hearing impairment in majority of children were impacted cerumen and CSOM in 84% children.
Conclusion: Various ENT diseases like impacted cerumen, rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and CSOM are common in school going children. Impacted cerumen and CSOM are significantly more prevalent in government school children as compared to private schools which are primary cause of hearing impairment in children leading to significantly high prevalence of hearing impairment in government school children
Diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT scan in evaluation of clinically suspected recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Sultana Nimrah , Shoukat Shaista , Nausheen Sadaf , Memon Bakhtawar 
Published: April 2021

Background: Accurate evaluation of ovarian carcinoma is utmost important for effective management. PET/CT is reported to be effective in evaluation of suspected recurrence of ovarian carcinoma. This study aims to assess the accuracy of PET/CT in evaluation of recurrent ovarian cancer among clinically suspected cases with rising tumor marker or suspicious clinic-radiological findings.
Patients and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Radiology department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 22nd April 2019 to 21st April 2020. Patients having age of 40 to 60 years and referred for PET scan with suspected recurrence of ovarian carcinoma were consecutively enrolled. Patients were suspected due to relevant history, clinical findings and initial imaging investigations with elevated CA-125 level. Results of 18FDG PET/CT scan was correlated with the raised tumor findings. The PET/CT scan showing abnormally elevated FDG take-up and higher SUV values than the background activity considered recurrence. Diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT was calculated taking raised tumor level as reference category.
Results: Of 65 patients, median age was 50 (43-56) years. The findings showed positive cases in 57 (87.7%) while negative in 8 (12.3%) patients, whereas the findings of tumor marker showed raised tumor marker in 61 (93.8%) patients. Diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, negative predated value, and overall diagnostic accuracy as 93.44%, 100%, 100%, 50%, and 93.85% respectively.
Conclusion: A higher accuracy of PET/CT was observed in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer among clinically suspected cases, thus helping in devising an appropriate management plan by the treating physician.
Frequency of different histopathological types of esophageal cancer patients at oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi
Authors: Sheikh Zoya , Haider Ghulam , Ahmed Khalil , Bhunisha Dr. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Around the globe, carcinoma of the esophagus is the eighth most prevalent cancer with an incidence of 456,000 cases per year and is the sixth cause of cancer mortality. There are two major histological subtypes of carcinoma of the esophagus, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the frequency of different histopathological types of esophageal cancer in patients presenting at the tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from March 2017 till March 2019. Two hundred and one histologically proven cases of esophageal cancer of in patients of either gender and between 15-80 years of age were included. Patients were interviewed and data regarding age, gender, education, marital status, employment status, addictions like cigarette or huqqa smoking, consumption of pan, betel nut, naswar, or gutka were recorded. Endoscopy and histology and computed tomography scan were performed. Stage, site, grade and type of tumor were noted. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables. A Chi-square test was used to assess the significance between age and gender with type of EC. A p-value≤0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 47.84. The majority of the patients had stage 2 of cancer (42.8%) and lower tumor site (62.2%) Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological type in 137 patients out of 201 (68%). The age, gender, smoking, consumption of pan, grade, site, and stage of the tumor showed a statistically significant difference when compared with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: The burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is dramatically increasing in the Pakistani population and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological type.
The simultaneous recognition of multiple words: A process analysis
Authors: Voormann Anne , Spektor Mikhail S. , Klauer Karl Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn everyday life, recognition decisions often have to be made for multiple objects simultaneously. In contrast, research on recognition memory has predominantly relied on single-item recognition paradigms. We present a first systematic investigation into the cognitive processes that differ between single-word and paired-word tests of recognition memory. In a single-word test, participants categorize previously presented words and new words as having been studied before (old) or not (new). In a paired-word test, however, the test words are randomly paired, and participants provide joint old–new categorizations of both words for each pair. Across two experiments (N = 170), we found better memory performance for words tested singly rather than in pairs and, more importantly, dependencies between the two single-word decisions implied by the paired-word test. We extended two popular model classes of single-item recognition to paired-word recognition, a discrete-state model and a continuous model. Both models attribute performance differences between single-word and paired-word recognition to differences in memory-evidence strength. Discrete-state models account for the dependencies in paired-word decisions in terms of dependencies in guessing. In contrast, continuous models map the dependencies on mnemonic (Experiment 1 & 2) as well as on decisional processes (Experiment 2). However, in both experiments, model comparison favored the discrete-state model, indicating that memory decisions for word pairs seem to be mediated by discrete states. Our work suggests that individuals tackle multiple-item recognition fundamentally differently from single-item recognition, and it provides both a behavioral and model-based paradigm for studying multiple-item recognition.
Na tela do celular: experiência estética infantil em contexto de Pandemia
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Ferreira de 
Published: April 2021

O presente texto apresenta possibilidades de experiência estética artísticas com um grupo de crianças pequenas da educação infantil em contexto de pandemia Covid-19. Tal situação provoca compreender que mesmo em condição adversa as crianças são capazes de produzir experiências estéticas infantis. Crianças e professora se mantiveram conectadas, e suas motivações se deram por meio de experiências artísticas com obras de artes diversas. Esse caminho se constitui como processo humanizador das relações a luz das contribuições teóricas de Walter Benjamin sobre seu conceito de Experiência, e Lev Vygotsky apoiando com suas teorias sobre Sentido e Perejivanie. O percurso metodológico foi inspirado na Pesquisa Narrativa. Salienta-se ainda, que essas experiências estão sendo utilizadas como dados de uma pesquisa mais ampla realizada pela autora, em ambiente de doutorado em educação. Este estudo trouxe contribuições de experiências de crianças pequenas com a arte que se constituem no jogo, na distração e no desvio.
Palavras – chave: Experiência estética. Educação infantil. Covid-19.
Educação em tempos de isolamento social: o ensino via Google Meet e Google Forms
Authors: Almeida André , Nunes Lincoln Ferreira , Silva Vanessa Thomazini da 
Published: April 2021

Uma das possibilidades de se pensar a educação em tempos de isolamento social refere-se à utilização de ferramentas virtuaisno processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O estudo analisa uma experiencia de utilização do Google Forms e Meet como ferramentas colaborativas no processo educativo, considerando o contexto de isolamento social. Trata-se deum relato de experiência tecido pela prática pedagógica vinculada ao Colégio Estadual Professora Jane Assis Peixoto, desenvolvidoatravés de pesquisa-ação. As informações trazem uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultadosdemonstraram que os recursos tecnológicos através das ferramentas virtuais são relevantes em tempos de isolamento social para que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem aconteça. Contudo, como proposta, dá-se ênfase ao ensino híbrido, pelamaior possibilidade de sucesso devido às limitações dos alunos e professores ao acesso tecnológico.
Palavras-chave: Aulas remotas. Tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação. Pandemia.
Connecting Galactic Outflows and Star Formation: Inferences from Hα Maps and Absorption-line Spectroscopy at 1 ≲ z ≲ 1.5*

†
Authors: Prusinski Nikolaus Z. , Erb Dawn K. , Martin Crystal L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the connection between galactic outflows and star formation using two independent data sets covering a sample of 22 galaxies between 1 ≲ z ≲ 1.5. The Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/G141 grism provides low spectral resolution, high spatial resolution spectroscopy yielding Hα emission-line maps from which we measure the spatial extent and strength of star formation. In the rest-frame near-UV, Keck/DEIMOS observes Fe ii and Mg ii interstellar absorption lines, which provide constraints on the intensity and velocity of the outflows. We compare outflow properties from individual and composite spectra with the star formation rate (SFR) and SFR surface density (ΣSFR), as well as the stellar mass and specific SFR (sSFR). The Fe ii and Mg ii equivalent widths (EWs) increase with both SFR and ΣSFR at ≳3σ significance, while the composite spectra show larger Fe ii EWs and outflow velocities in galaxies with higher SFR, ΣSFR, and sSFR. Absorption-line profiles of the composite spectra further indicate that the differences between subsamples are driven by outflows rather than the interstellar medium. While these results are consistent with those of previous studies, the use of Hα images makes them the most direct test of the relationship between star formation and outflows at z > 1 to date. Future facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes will extend these direct, Hα-based studies to lower masses and SFRs, probing galactic feedback across orders of magnitude in galaxy properties and augmenting the correlations we find here.
Far-ultraviolet Variable Sources in M31
Authors: Leahy Denis , Buick Megan , Postma Joseph , Morgan Cole 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board the AstroSat observatory has imaged the Andromeda galaxy (M31) from 2017 to 2019 in the far- and near-UV (FUV and NUV) with the high spatial resolution of ≃1″. The survey covered the large sky area of M31 with a set of observations (Fields), each 28′ in diameter. Field 1 was observed in two epochs with the F148W filter, separated by ≃1133 days (≃3.10 yr). The 6.4 kpc diameter Field 1 (at the distance of M31) includes a substantial part of the inner spiral arms of the galaxy. We identify UVIT sources in both epochs of Field 1 and obtain catalogs of sources that are variable in FUV at >3σ and >5σ confidence level. The fraction of FUV-variable sources is higher for brighter sources, and the fraction is higher in the two main spiral arms compared to other areas. This is evidence that a significant fraction of the FUV variables are associated with hot young stars. Source counterparts are found for 42 of the 86 >5σ FUV variables using existing catalogs. The counterparts include 10 star clusters, 6 H II regions, 5 regular or semiregular variables, 6 other variables, and 6 nova or nova candidates. The UVIT FUV–NUV and FUV–FUV color–magnitude diagrams confirm the association of most of the FUV variables with hot young stars. A catalog of UVIT photometry for the variable sources is presented.
Feedback in Forming Star Clusters: The Mass–Radius Relation and Mass Function of Molecular Clumps in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Mok Angus , Chandar Rupali , Fall S. Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We derive the mass–radius relation and mass function of molecular clumps in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and interpret them in terms of the simple feedback model proposed by Fall et al. (FKM). Our work utilizes the dendrogram-based catalog of clumps compiled by Wong et al. from 12CO and 13CO maps of six giant molecular clouds in the LMC observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. The Magellanic Clouds are the only external galaxies for which this type of analysis is possible at the necessary spatial resolution (∼1 pc). We find that the mass–radius relation and mass function of LMC clumps have power-law forms, R ∝ M

α
and

, with indices α = 0.36 ± 0.03 and β = −1.8 ± 0.1 over the mass ranges 102
M
⊙ ≲ M ≲ 105
M
⊙ and 102
M
⊙ ≲M ≲ 104
M
⊙, respectively. With these values of α and β for the clumps (i.e., protoclusters), the predicted index for the mass function of young LMC clusters from the FKM model is β ≈ 1.7, in good agreement with the observed index. The situation portrayed here for clumps and clusters in the LMC replicates that in the Milky Way.
ALMA Observations of the Asymmetric Dust Disk around DM Tau
Authors: Hashimoto Jun , Muto Takayuki , Dong Ruobing , Liu Hauyu Baobab , van der Marel Nienke , Francis Logan , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Tsukagoshi Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report an analysis of the dust disk around DM Tau, newly observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 1.3 mm. The ALMA observations with high sensitivity (8.4 μJy beam–1) and high angular resolution (35 mas, 5.1 au) detect two asymmetries on the ring at r ∼ 20 au. They could be two vortices in early evolution, the destruction of a large-scale vortex, or double continuum emission peaks with different dust sizes. We also found millimeter emissions with ∼50 μJy (a lower-limit dust mass of 0.3 M
Moon) inside the 3 au ring. To characterize these emissions, we modeled the spectral energy distribution (SED) of DM Tau using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. We found that an additional ring at r = 1 au could explain both the DM Tau SED and the central point source. The disk midplane temperature at the 1 au ring calculated in our modeling is less than the typical water sublimation temperature of 150 K, prompting the possibility of forming small icy planets there.
Radio Spectral Imaging of an M8.4 Eruptive Solar Flare: Possible Evidence of a Termination Shock
Authors: Luo 骆英 Yingjie 杰 , Chen 陈 Bin 彬 , Yu 余思 Sijie 捷 , Bastian T. S. , Krucker Säm 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solar flare termination shocks have been suggested as one of the viable mechanisms for accelerating electrons and ions to high energies. Observational evidence of such shocks, however, remains rare. Using radio dynamic spectroscopic imaging of a long-duration C1.9 flare obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), Chen et al. suggested that a type of coherent radio bursts, referred to as “stochastic spike bursts,” were radio signatures of nonthermal electrons interacting with myriad density fluctuations at the front of a flare termination shock. Here we report another stochastic spike burst event recorded during the extended energy release phase of a long-duration M8.4-class eruptive flare on 2012 March 10. VLA radio spectroscopic imaging of the spikes in 1.0–1.6 GHz shows that, similar to the case of Chen et al., the burst centroids form an extended, ∼10″-long structure in the corona. By combining extreme-ultraviolet imaging observations of the flare from two vantage points with hard X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the flare ribbon brightenings, we reconstruct the flare arcade in three dimensions. The results show that the spike source is located at ∼60 Mm above the flare arcade, where a diffuse supra-arcade fan and multitudes of plasma downflows are present. Although the flare arcade and ribbons seen during the impulsive phase do not allow us to clearly understand how the observed spike source location is connected to the flare geometry, the cooling flare arcade observed 2 hr later suggests that the spikes are located in the above-the-loop-top region, where a termination shock presumably forms.