bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending coverage and thematic resolution of compositional land cover maps in a hierarchical Bayesian framework
Authors: Szewczyk Tim M. , Ducey Mark J. , Pasquarella Valerie J. , Allen Jenica M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEcological models are constrained by the availability of high‐quality data at biologically appropriate resolutions and extents. Modeling a species' affinity or aversion with a particular land cover class requires data detailing that class across the full study area. Data sets with detailed legends (i.e., high thematic resolution) and/or high accuracy often sacrifice geographic extent, while large‐area data sets often compromise on the number of classes and local accuracy. Consequently, ecologists must often restrict their study extent to match that of the more precise data set, or ignore potentially key land cover associations to study a larger area. We introduce a hierarchical Bayesian model to capitalize on the thematic resolution and accuracy of a regional land cover data set, and on the geographic breadth of a large area land cover data set. For the full extent (i.e., beyond the regional data set), the model predicts systematic discrepancies of the large‐area data set with the regional data set, and divides an aggregated class into two more specific classes detailed by the regional data set. We illustrate the application of our model for mapping eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) forests, an important timber species that also provides habitat for an invasive shrub in the northeastern United States. We use the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), which covers the full study area but includes only generalized forest classes, and the NH GRANIT land cover data set, which maps White Pine Forest and has high accuracy, but only exists within New Hampshire. We evaluate the model at coarse (20 km2) and fine (2 km2) resolutions, with and without spatial random effects. The hierarchical model produced improved maps of compositional land cover for the full extent, reducing inaccuracy relative to NLCD while partitioning a White Pine Forest class out of the Evergreen Forest class. Accuracy was higher with spatial random effects and at the coarse resolution. All models improved upon simply partitioning Evergreen Forest in NLCD based on the predicted distribution of white pine. This flexible statistical method helps ecologists leverage localized mapping efforts to expand models of species distributions, population dynamics, and management strategies beyond the political boundaries that frequently delineate land cover data sets.
Electrochemical Methods to Evaluate the Antioxidant Activity and Capacity of Foods: A Review
Authors: Haque Md Azizul , Morozova Ksenia , Ferrentino Giovanna , Scampicchio Matteo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntioxidants are an important class of food additives playing the fundamental role of retarding oxidation reactions in food. Although their functional role is well‐established, less clear is their mechanism of action. Electrochemical methods based on cyclic, differential pulse, square wave voltammetry and coulometry allow direct and rapid screening of antioxidant activity. Their main advantages are sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity and the capacity to directly measure the number of electrons transferred by an antioxidant offer advantage over conventional spectrophotometric assays. This review aims to summarize the most recent efforts towards the use of electrochemical methods to evaluate the antioxidant activity of foods.
The contribution of human papilloma virus infection to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bhavsar‐Bhakta Preeya , Hamza Mugahed , Mehravaran Sepideh , Krishnan Bhuvaneswari , He Qin , Tyring Steven , Rady Peter , Rivero Gustavo , Cohen Daniel N. , Sosa Iberia Romina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a B‐cell malignancy characterized by impaired humoral and cellular immunity, are at increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and it has been associated with various malignancies, including cSCC. Impaired cell‐mediated immunity is considered a primary risk factor in HPV‐induced cSCC. We examined cSCC lesions from CLL patients with consensus review and HPV genetic analysis to further characterize the relationship between HPV and prevalence of cutaneous malignancy in this population. Eleven patients with CLL contributed 35 cSCCs. Treatment with chemotherapy shortened the latency time to first cSCC. HPV was detected in 54% of the lesions. Among the HPV‐positive cSCC lesions, 84% of the lesions contained alpha‐genus HPV, 42% contained beta‐genus HPV, and 26% of the lesions contained both genera. There was a significant association between HPV‐containing lesions and peritumoral lymphocytic inflammation, suggesting this as a future area for further characterization. The majority of the lesions, including those with alpha‐genus HPV, occurred in sun‐exposed areas, such as the scalp and face. These findings may lead to practice‐changing recommendations for skin cancer, including the use of vaccinations to reduce HPV‐associated skin cancer.
Direct enantioselective gradient reversed‐phase ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for 3‐hydroxy alkanoic acids in lipopeptides on an immobilized 1.6 μm amylose‐based chiral stationary phase
Authors: Karongo Ryan , Jiao Junjing , Gross Harald , Lämmerhofer Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract3‐Hydroxy fatty acids are important chiral building blocks of lipopeptides and metabolic intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The analysis of the stereochemistry of such biomolecules has significant practical impact to elucidate and assign the enzymatic specificity of the biosynthesis machinery. In this work, a new mass spectrometry compatible direct chiral ultra high performance liquid chromatography separation method for 3‐hydroxy fatty acids without derivatization is presented. The application of amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) based polysaccharide chiral stationary phase immobilized on 1.6 μm silica particles (CHIRALPAK IA‐U) allows the enantioseparation of 3‐hydroxy fatty acids under generic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry friendly reversed phase gradient elution conditions. Adequate separation factors were achieved with both acetonitrile and methanol as organic modifiers, covering hydrocarbon chain lengths between C6 and C14. Elution orders were derived from rhamnolipid (R‐95) of which enantiomerically pure or enriched (R)‐3‐hydroxy fatty acids were recovered after ester hydrolysis. The S‐configured acids consistently eluted before the respective R‐enantiomers. The method was successfully applied for the elucidation of the absolute configuration of 3‐hydroxy fatty acids originating from a novel lipopeptide with unknown structure. The work furthermore demonstrates that gradient elution is a viable option also in enantioselective (ultra)high performance liquid chromatography, even for analytes with modest separation factors, although less commonly exploited.
Determinants of online brand communities’ and millennials’ characteristics: A social influence perspective
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Willis Michelle , Howell Kerry , Lancaster Geoff , Ng Raye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOnline communities have evolved to allow larger numbers of individuals to interact with other users to form a collective virtual environment influenced by members within the community. Existing studies on online brand communities (OBCs) tied millennials’ participation and interactions to a unidimensional view. Specifically, OBCs scholars generally aggregate individual millennials’ participation and commitment, ignoring the variance among the demographic cohort. Our exploration challenges not only the existing ensemble interpretation within studies of OBC but also the characterisation of millennials’ burgeoning participation in OBCs. Unlike other competing epistemologies, the authors developed a conceptual framework that links a holistic set of OBCs’ characteristics (brand sentiment, identification with source, affirmative experience, conspicuous effect) to consumers’ perceptions in the fashion sector. Drawing on social influence theory along with a constructivist perspective, we conducted fine‐grained in‐depth interviews to explore millennials’ participation in online communities and brand perceptions in the fashion industry. The main findings reveal four categories of customer engagement in OBCs (bias situators, sugar‐coaters, rationalisers, judgmentalists). These key categories are explored to create a framework for future research in this area, and further contribute to the field of online brand engagement, particularly in the fashion industry.
An Appraisal of Laboratory Models of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ntshingila S. , Khumalo N. P. , Engel M. , Arowolo A. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of non-scarring alopecia in humans. Several studies have used different laboratory models to study the pathogenesis and interventions for AGA. These study models have proved beneficial and have led to the approval of two drugs. However, the need to build on existing knowledge remains by examining the relevance of study models to the disease.

Objective
We sought to appraise laboratory or pre-clinical models of AGA.

Method
We searched through databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, World CAT, Scopus and Google Scholar) for articles on AGA-related studies from 1942 to March 2019 with a focus on study models.

Results
The search rendered 101 studies after screening and deduplication. Several studies (70) used in vitro models, mostly consisting of two-dimensional monolayer cells for experiments involving the characterization of androgen and 5-alpha reductase (5AR) and inhibition thereof, the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and biomarker(s) of AGA. Twenty-seven studies used in vivo models of mice and monkeys to investigate DHT synthesis, the expression and inhibition of 5AR and hair growth. Only four studies used AGA-related or healthy excisional/punch biopsy explants as ex vivo models to study the action of 5AR inhibitors and AGA-associated genes. No study used three-dimensional [3-D] organoids or organotypic human skin culture models.

Conclusion
We recommend clinically relevant laboratory models like human or patient-derived 3-D organoids or organotypic skin in AGA-related studies. These models are closer to human scalp tissue and minimize the use of laboratory animals and could ultimately facilitate novel therapeutics.
Rational Design of All‐Organic Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient MR/NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided Cancer Phototheranostics
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Chen Zejing , Jin Albert J. , Yang Zhen , Gan Deqiang , Wu Aifang , Ao Haiyong , Huang Wei , Fan Quli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic theranostic nanomedicine has precision multimodel imaging capability and concurrent therapeutics under noninvasive imaging guidance. However, the rational design of desirable multifunctional organic theranostics for cancer remains challenging. Rational engineering of organic semiconducting nanomaterials has revealed great potential for cancer theranostics largely owing to their intrinsic diversified biophotonics, easy fabrication of multimodel imaging platform, and desirable biocompatibility. Herein, a novel all‐organic nanotheranostic platform (TPATQ‐PNP NPs) is developed by exploiting the self‐assembly of a semiconducting small molecule (TPATQ) and a new synthetic high‐density nitroxide radical‐based amphiphilic polymer (PNP). The nitroxide radicals act as metal‐free magnetic resonance imaging agent through shortened longitudinal relaxation times, and the semiconducting molecules enable ultralow background second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging. The as‐prepared TPATQ‐PNP NPs can light up whole blood vessels of mice and show precision tumor‐locating ability with synergistic (MR/NIR‐II) imaging modalities. The semiconducting molecules also undergo highly effective photothermal conversion in the NIR region for cancer photothermal therapy guided by complementary tumor diagnosis. The designed multifunctional organic semiconducting self‐assembly provides new insights into the development of a new platform for cancer theranostics.
Edge Computing und Industrie 4.0
Authors: Appius Dominik , Probst Roger Andreas , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die industrielle, digitale Transformation, insbesondere durch die Vernetzung von Fertigungsanlagen, wird zusehends eine sehr große Datenmenge in der Schweizer Fertigungsindustrie generiert. Viele Daten bleiben dabei lokal (oft) ungenutzt oder werden über weite Transportwege an zentrale Rechenzentren zur Analyse gesendet. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie Daten so genutzt werden können, dass lange Transportwege entfallen und zeitgleich, durch die Verarbeitung dieser Daten, Wissen generiert werden kann. Dieser Beitrag liefert erste Antworten auf der Basis von empirischen Erkenntnissen, welche durch Befragungen von Anbietern, Beratungsunternehmen und Fertigungsunternehmen im Bereich Edge Computing durchgeführt wurden. Dabei liefert die vorliegende Studie Erkenntnisse in den Bereichen technisches Verständnis, Geschäftsmodelle und Anwendungsszenarien sowie praktische Umsetzungen im Sinne von Pilotierungen und Rollouts als Proof of Concept.
Open Banking und standardisierte Schnittstellen auf dem Finanzplatz Schweiz
Authors: Birkhofer Marco , Bächli Sandro 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen von Open Banking und standardisierten Schnittstellen auf die Schweizer Bankenindustrie. Ziel war es, den Stand von Open Banking in der Schweiz, die Chancen und Risiken des Ansatzes sowie den Einfluss auf die Geschäftsmodelle zu untersuchen und daraus Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis abzuleiten. Es wurde aufgezeigt, dass Open Banking in der Schweiz noch in den Anfängen steckt und gegenüber den Vorreitern aus Großbritannien und der Europäischen Union Nachholbedarf besteht. Open Banking bietet die Chance, mit innovativen Services das bestehende Angebot zu erweitern und so die Customer Experience auf ein neues Level zu heben. Weitere Chancen sind Partnerschaften mit FinTechs und der Aufbau von Ökosystemen. Die etablierten, geschlossenen Geschäftsmodelle müssen hierzu aufgebrochen werden und der Trend deutet auf digitale Ökosysteme mit klarem Kundenfokus hin.
Surgical tracheostomy in a cohort of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Schuler Patrick J. , Greve Jens , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Hahn Janina , Boehm Felix , Bock Bastian , Reins Johannes , Ehrmann Ulrich , Barth Eberhard , Traeger Karl , Jungwirth Bettina , Wepler Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the main symptoms of severe infection with the new coronavirus‑2 (SARS-CoV-2) is hypoxemic respiratory failure because of viral pneumonia with the need for mechanical ventilation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation may require a tracheostomy, but the increased risk for contamination is a matter of considerable debate.

Objective
Evaluation of safety and effects of surgical tracheostomy on ventilation parameters and outcome in patients with COVID-19.

Study design
Retrospective observational study between March 27 and May 18, 2020, in a single-center coronavirus disease-designated ICU at a tertiary care German hospital.

Patients
Patients with COVID-19 were treated with open surgical tracheostomy due to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

Measurements
Clinical and ventilation data were obtained from medical records in a retrospective manner.

Results
A total of 18 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection and surgical tracheostomy were analyzed. The age range was 42–87 years. All patients received open tracheostomy between 2–16 days after admission. Ventilation after tracheostomy was less invasive (reduction in PEAK and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) and lung compliance increased over time after tracheostomy. Also, sedative drugs could be reduced, and patients had a reduced need of norepinephrine to maintain hemodynamic stability. Six of 18 patients died. All surgical staff were equipped with N99-masks and facial shields or with powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that open surgical tracheostomy can be performed without severe complications in patients with COVID-19. Tracheostomy may reduce invasiveness of mechanical ventilation and the need for sedative drugs and norepinehprine. Recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) for surgical staff should be followed when PPE is available to avoid contamination of the personnel.
Diagnostic yield of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in status epilepticus: an 8-year cohort study
Authors: Dittrich Tolga D. , Baumann Sira M. , Semmlack Saskia , De Marchis Gian Marco , Hunziker Sabina , Rüegg Stephan , Marsch Stephan , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Sutter Raoul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigate the frequency and diagnostic yield of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in adult patients with status epilepticus (SE) and its impact on the outcome.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2018, adult patients treated at the University Hospital Basel were included. Primary outcomes were defined as the frequency of lumbar puncture and results from chemical, cellular, and microbiologic CSF analyses. Secondary outcomes were differences between patients receiving and not receiving lumbar puncture in the context of SE.ResultsIn 18% of 408 patients, a lumbar puncture was performed. Of those, infectious pathogens were identified in 21% with 15% detected ± 24 h around SE diagnosis. 74% of CSF analyses revealed abnormal chemical or cellular components without infectious pathogens. Screening for autoimmune diseases was only performed in 22%. In 8%, no or late (i.e., > 24 after SE diagnosis) lumbar puncture was performed despite persistent unknown SE etiology in all, transformation into refractory SE in 78%, and no recovery to premorbid neurologic function in 66%. Withholding lumbar puncture was associated with no return to premorbid neurologic function during hospital stay independent of potential confounders. Not receiving a lumbar puncture was associated with presumed known etiology and signs of systemic infectious complications.ConclusionsWithholding lumbar puncture in SE patients is associated with increased odds for no return to premorbid neurologic function, and CSF analyses in SE detect infectious pathogens frequently. These results and pathologic chemical and cellular CSF findings in the absence of infections call for rigorous screening to confirm or exclude infectious or autoimmune encephalitis in this context which should not be withheld.
Molecular pathology of thymomas: implications for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Marx Alexander , Belharazem Djeda , Lee De-Hyung , Popovic Zoran V. , Reißfelder Christoph , Schalke Berthold , Schölch Sebastian , Ströbel Philipp , Weis Cleo-Aron , Yamada Yosuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThymomas exhibit a unique genomic landscape, comprising the lowest on average total mutational burden among adult human cancers; a unique point mutation in the GTF2I gene in WHO type A and AB thymomas (and rarely others); almost unique KMT2A-MAML2 translocations in rare WHO type B2 and B3 thymomas; a unique YAP1-MAML2 translocation in almost all metaplastic thymomas; and unique miRNA profiles in relation to GTF2I mutational status and WHO histotypes. While most thymomas can be diagnosed solely on the basis of morphological features, mutational analyses can solve challenging differential diagnostic problems. No molecular biomarkers have been identified that predict the response of unresectable thymomas to chemotherapy or agents with known molecular targets. Despite the common and strong expression of PDL1 in thymomas, immune checkpoint inhibitors are rarely applicable due to the poor predictability of common, life-threatening autoimmune side effects that are related to the unrivaled propensity of thymomas towards autoimmunity.
How I do it: endoscopic endonasal resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma
Authors: Wiedmann Markus , Lashkarivand Aslan , Berg-Johnsen Jon , Dahlberg Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) adherent to neurovascular structures are particularly challenging lesions requiring delicate and precise microneurosurgery. There is an ongoing debate about the optimal surgical approach.

Method
We describe technical nuances and challenges in TSM resection using the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in two cases of fibrous tumors with adherence to neurovascular structures. The cases are illustrated with a video (case 1) and figures (cases 1 and 2).

Conclusion
A dedicated team approach and precise microsurgical technique facilitate safe resection of complex TSMs through the EEA.
Less surgical site infections in neurosurgery during COVID-19 times—one potential benefit of the pandemic?
Authors: Chacón-Quesada T. , Rohde V. , von der Brelie C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHygiene measures were intensified when the COVID-19 pandemic began. Patient contacts were limited to a minimum. Visitors were either not allowed for a certain period or limited for the rest of the time. The hospital staff began to wear masks and gloves continuously. Clinical examinations and routine wound controls were also performed under intensified hygiene standards. These circumstances result in a limitation of direct physical interactions between the nursing staff, the physicians and the patients. We analyzed to what extent the intensification of hygiene measures affects the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) after neurosurgical procedures. The rate of SSI during the 6-month interval after the beginning of COVID-19 measures was compared with the SSI rate before. The numbers of the period before COVID-19 were analyzed as mean values resulting from the analysis of two separate time periods each consisting of 6 months. The spectrum of surgical procedures was compared. Patient-related risk factors for SSIs were noted. Microorganisms were analyzed. We focused on SSIs occurring at a maximum of 60 days after the primary surgery. Overall, in the two respective 6-month periods before COVID-19, a mean of 1379 patients was surgically treated in our institution. After the beginning of COVID-19 (starting from 04/2020) our surgical numbers dropped by 101, resulting in a total number of 1278 patients being operated after 03/2020 until 09/2020. The SSI rate was 3.6% (03/2019–09/2019, 50 SSIs) and 2.2% (09/2019–03/2020, 29 SSIs), resulting in a mean of 2.9% before COVID-19 began. After the beginning of COVID-19 hygiene measures, this rate dropped to 1.4% (16 SSIs) resembling a significant reduction (p=0.003). Risk factors for the development of SSI were present in 81.3% of all patients. Pre- and post-COVID-19 patient groups had similar baseline characteristics. The same holds true when comparing the percentage of cranial and spinal procedures pre- and post-COVID-19 (p=0.91). Comparing the numbers (p=0.28) and the species (p=0.85) of microorganisms (MO) causing SSI, we found a similar distribution. Despite equal demographics and characteristics of SSI, the rate of SSI dropped substantially. This argues for an effective reduction of postoperative SSI resulting from the implementation of strict hygiene measures being established after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We therefore advocate continuing with strict and intensive hygiene measures in the future.