bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Multifunctional Glass Surfaces through Regenerative Secondary Mask Lithography
Authors: Michalska Martyna , Laney Sophia K. , Li Tao , Portnoi Mark , Mordan Nicola , Allan Elaine , Tiwari Manish K. , Parkin Ivan P. , Papakonstantinou Ioannis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNature‐inspired nanopatterning offers exciting multifunctionality spanning antireflectance and the ability to repel water/fog, oils, and bacteria; strongly dependent upon nanofeature size and morphology. However, such patterning in glass is notoriously difficult, paradoxically, due to the same outstanding chemical and thermal stability that make glass so attractive. Here, regenerative secondary mask lithography is introduced and exploited to enable customized glass nanopillars through dynamic nanoscale tunability of the side‐wall profile and aspect ratio (>7). The method is simple and versatile, comprising just two steps. First, sub‐wavelength scalable soft etch masks (55–350 nm) are generated through an example of block copolymer micelles or nanoimprinted photoresist. Second, their inherent durability problem is addressed by an innovative cyclic etching, when the original mask becomes embedded within a protective secondary organic mask, which is tuned and regenerated, permitting dynamic nanofeature profiling with etching selectivity >1:32. It is envisioned that such structuring in glass will facilitate fundamental studies and be useful for numerous practical applications—from displays to architectural windows. To showcase the potential, glass features are tailored to achieve excellent broadband omnidirectional antireflectivity, self‐cleaning, and unique antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus.
Blood Divider for Simple, Surface Tension‐Based Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Kim Byeongyeon , Seo In‐Ho , Seo Gwang Myeong , Kim Woo‐Joong , Shin Eui‐Cheol , Choi Sungyoung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) separation is routinely performed by centrifugation with a density gradient medium, and is essential for immunological research and clinical applications. PBMC separation highly relies on laborious, time‐consuming blood layering and PBMC collection by careful pipetting. Current methods to address this problem use a physical barrier formed between the separation medium and a blood sample to avoid the need for delicate pipetting, but still pose a risk of red blood cell (RBC) contamination. Here, a blood divider (B‐DV) is proposed as a centrifuge tube insert that allows blood cells to pass through a separation medium in one direction, while blocking fluid passage in the opposite direction and thus preventing RBC contamination during PBMC harvest. The B‐DV is a 3D‐printed mesh in which a fluid can divide into two, above and below the mesh face as soon as inverting the centrifuge tube. Such complete fluid division enables minimizing the volume of the separation medium to the extent of RBC volume to be packed, thus reducing the sedimentation distance for RBCs, and facilitating rapid PBMC isolation by simple tube inverting. This technology enables rapid, easy PBMC separation without user‐to‐user variability on PBMC separation efficiencies.
Adhesive Capable of Underwater Adhesion and Wound Hemostasis Prepared Based on Solvent Exchange
Authors: Song Qiantao , Chen Yining , Huang Yanping , Dan Weihua , Wang Meng , Dan Nianhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhether used for underwater adhesion or wound hemostasis, adhesives are required to have strong wet adhesion. However, traditional adhesives are difficult to break through the blockade of the hydration interface, so they cannot achieve strong underwater adhesion, and their biological toxicities are also greater, not suitable for wound hemostasis. In this work, small molecule polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA‐200) and dopamine (DA) with good biocompatibility are used as raw materials to synthesize a long chain polymer (PDDA) with hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic group through the Michael addition reaction. Based on the hydrogen bond interaction between PDDA and silicotungstic acid (SiW) and the solvent exchange between dimethyl sulfoxide and water, the two are successfully caused to agglomerate and form a viscous aggregate (PDDA‐SiW). PDDA‐SiW not only has strong underwater adhesion to various substrates, but also has strong adhesion and readhesion to fresh pigskins. In addition, PDDA‐SiW also has very low hemolysis and cytotoxicity and strong antibacterial properties, and it is a very good underwater adhesion and wound hemostatic material.
The rate of secondary genomic findings in the Saudi population
Authors: Aloraini Taghrid , Alsubaie Lamia , Alasker Sarah , Al Muitiri Abdulrahman , Alswaid Abdulrahman , Eyiad Wafaa , Al Mutairi Fuad , Ababneh Farouq , Alfadhel Majid , Alfares Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSecondary findings (SF) are defined as genetic conditions discovered unintentionally during an evaluation of raw data for another disease. We aimed to identify the rate of secondary genetic findings in the Saudi population in the 59 genes of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) list. In our study, the raw data of 1254 individuals, generated from exome sequencing for clinical purposes, were studied. Variants detected in the 59 genes on the ACMG list of secondary findings were investigated. Pathogenicity classifications were assigned to those variants based on the ACMG scoring system. We identified 2409 variants in the 59 gene list, 45 variants were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants according to the ACMG classification. The LDLR gene had the greatest number of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants 12%. Cardiovascular genetic diseases had the highest frequency of disorders detected as secondary findings. In this study, the overall rate of positive cases identified with secondary findings in the Saudi population was 8%. The different in our current study and the previous studies in Saudi Arabia can be explained by the differences between the sequencing method, the criteria used for variant classification, the availability of newer evidence at the time of the publication, and the fact that we identified Saudi novel variants never reported in other populations.
Heterozygous variants in ZBTB7A cause a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with symptomatic overgrowth of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, macrocephaly, and elevated fetal hemoglobin
Authors: von der Lippe Charlotte , Tveten Kristian , Prescott Trine E. , Holla Øystein L. , Busk Øyvind L. , Burke Katherine B. , Sansbury Francis H. , Baptista Júlia , Fry Andrew E. , Lim Derek , Jolles Stephen , Evans Jennifer , Osio Deborah , Macmillan Carol , Bruno Irene , Faletra Flavio , Climent Salvador , Urreitzi Roser , Hoenicka Janet , Palau Francesc , Cohen Ana S. A. , Engleman Kendra , Zhou Dihong , Amudhavalli Shivarajan M. , Jeanne Médéric , Bonnet‐Brilhault Frédérique , Lévy Jonathan , Drunat Séverine , Derive Nicolas , Haug Marte G. , Thorstensen Wenche M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy clinical whole exome sequencing, we identified 12 individuals with ages 3 to 37 years, including three individuals from the same family, with a consistent phenotype of intellectual disability (ID), macrocephaly, and overgrowth of adenoid tissue. All 12 individuals harbored a rare heterozygous variant in ZBTB7A which encodes the transcription factor Zinc finger and BTB‐domain containing protein 7A, known to play a role in lympho‐ and hematopoiesis. ID was generally mild. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) fraction was elevated 2.2%–11.2% (reference value <2% in individuals > 6 months) in four of the five individuals for whom results were available. Ten of twelve individuals had undergone surgery at least once for lymphoid hypertrophy limited to the pharynx. In the most severely affected individual (individual 1), airway obstruction resulted in 17 surgical procedures before the age of 13 years. Sleep apnea was present in 8 of 10 individuals. In the nine unrelated individuals, ZBTB7A variants were novel and de novo. The six frameshift/nonsense and four missense variants were spread throughout the gene. This is the first report of a cohort of individuals with this novel syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.
Corrosion and protection of galvanized steel in vegetation‐growing concrete (II): Coating protection
Authors: Xiong Shiyuan , Huang Xiaole , Xu Wennian , Guo Xiaoping , Liu Shuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn previous work, the corrosion performance and anti‐corrosion mechanism of galvanized steel wire embedded in vegetation‐growing concrete under marine environment was highlighted. In this work, a graphene‐modified epoxy coating was developed and applied to the protection of galvanized steel in vegetation‐growing concrete under a marine environment. The effect of dispersed graphene on the anticorrosion performance of the epoxy coatings was evaluated. The composite coatings displayed outstanding barrier properties against H2O molecules compared to the pure epoxy coating. Salt spray test results revealed superior corrosion resistance offered by the prepared graphene‐modified epoxy coating on galvanized steel.
Knowledge extraction from literature and enzyme sequences complements FBA analysis in metabolic engineering
Authors: Kuriya Yuki , Inoue Mai , Yamamoto Masaki , Murata Masahiro , Araki Michihiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlux balance analysis (FBA) using genome‐scale metabolic model (GSM) is a useful method for improving the bio‐production of useful compounds. However, FBA often does not impose important constraints such as nutrients uptakes, by‐products excretions and gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) transfers. Furthermore, important information on metabolic engineering such as enzyme amounts, activities, and characteristics caused by gene expression and enzyme sequences is basically not included in GSM. Therefore, simple FBA is often not sufficient to search for metabolic manipulation strategies that are useful for improving the production of target compounds. In this study, we proposed a method using literature and enzyme search to complement the FBA‐based metabolic manipulation strategies. As a case study, this method was applied to shikimic acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum to verify its usefulness. As unique strategies in literature‐mining, overexpression of the transcriptional regulator SugR and gene disruption related to by‐products productions were complemented. In the search for alternative enzyme sequences, it was suggested that those candidates are searched for from various species based on features captured by deep learning, which are not simply homologous to amino acid sequences of the base enzymes.
Digital papillary adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Kasimo Betty A. , Akello Vivian , Yahaya James J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present the case of a 64‐year‐old male with a 3‐month history of a mass involving the distal portion of the fifth finger on the left hand which was histologically confirmed as digital papillary adenocarcinoma. Although the tumor is low grade, the chances of recurrence and metastasis are high.
Efficient Extraction of Metal Ions Using a Recirculating Two‐Stage Flow Reactor
Authors: Harvie Andrew J. , de Mello John C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report a simple flow reactor for the selective extraction of target metal ions from an aqueous solution, using passive mixers and liquid‐liquid separators. The extraction takes place in two stages. In the first stage, target metal ions are selectively transferred to an organic phase containing extractant molecules; and, in the second stage, an acid solution strips the metal ions from the organic phase and regenerates the (uncomplexed) extractant molecules, thereby allowing them to be recirculated through the reactor. Using aqueous mixtures of copper sulphate and nickel sulphate as test solutions, copper ion extraction rates of 98 % are achieved, using the copper‐selective phenolic oxime ligand 5‐(tert‐butyl)‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime as a molecular extractant. The two‐stage, recirculating nature of the reactor minimises the use of both the extractant molecules and the supporting organic solvent, resulting in a greener, more economical process.
Identifying Cell‐Type‐Specific Metabolic Signatures Using Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses
Authors: Gebert Nadja , Rahman Shahadat , Lewis Caroline A. , Ori Alessandro , Cheng Chia‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudies in various tissues have revealed a central role of metabolic pathways in regulating adult stem cell function in tissue regeneration and tumor initiation. The unique metabolic dependences or preferences of adult stem cells, therefore, are emerging as a new category of therapeutic target. Recently, advanced methods including high‐resolution metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics have been developed to address the growing interest in stem cell metabolism. A practical framework integrating the omics analyses is needed to systematically perform metabolic characterization in a cell‐type‐specific manner. Here, we leverage recent advances in transcriptomics and proteomics research to identify cell‐type‐specific metabolic features by reconstructing cell identity using genes and the encoded enzymes involved in major metabolic pathways. We provide protocols for cell isolation, transcriptome and proteome analyses, and metabolite profiling and measurement. The workflow for mapping cell‐type‐specific metabolic signatures presented here, although initially developed for intestinal crypt cells, can be easily implemented for cell populations in other tissues, and is highly compatible with most public datasets. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 4 August 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Intestinal crypt isolation and cell population purificationBasic Protocol 2: Transcriptome analyses for cell‐type‐specific metabolic gene expressionBasic Protocol 3: Proteome analyses for cell‐type‐specific metabolic enzyme levelsBasic Protocol 4: Metabolite profiling and measurement
Ecological stoichiometry ofCinnamomum migaoleaf litter and soil nutrients under nitrogen deposition in a karst region
Authors: Xiao Xuefeng , Chen Jingzhong , Liao Xiaofeng , Liu Jiming , Wang Deng , Li Jia , Yan Qiuxiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition, a major phenomenon of climate change, is increasing with industrialization and more human activity and can affect litter decomposition. Yet it remains unclear whether N deposition will accelerate or inhibit the decomposition of litter in karst regions, which are characterized by P‐limitation or N and P co‐limited stress conditions in soil. Here, to document the influence of simulated N deposition on litter decomposition in karst, the leaf litter ofCinnamomum migaowas studied, this being a dominant perennial woody plant endemic to karst landforms. We conducted a 300‐d field decomposition experiment with four treatments: control (CK); addition of (+) N at 50 kg⋅ha−1⋅a−1(N1); +N at 150 kg⋅ha−1⋅a−1(N2), and +N at 300 kg⋅ha−1⋅a−1(N3), in southwest Guizhou, the largest karst region in China (n = 4 treatments). From each treatment, the litter samples’ remaining mass were measured during the decomposition period, in addition to their nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and potassium (K) concentrations, as well as that of soils; the soil’s pH was also measured. The results showed that litter remaining mass increased significantly under nitrogen deposition, which, as expected, acidified the soil. Meanwhile, litter N, P, and K contents responded to nitrogen deposition, whereas C did not. Otherwise, no direct effects of nitrogen deposition upon soil nutrients were detected. The soil nutrient contents were related to the release of the elements in litter. In conclusion, nitrogen deposition suppressed the decomposition ofC. migaolitter in karst, but the nutrients of karst soil are mainly replenished by litter inputs.
Effect of surface coating with seeds mucilages and xanthan gum on oil uptake and physical properties of fried potato strips
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin , Roustaei Amirreza , Haseli Alireza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe oil uptake and high‐fat/oil content problem associated with fried food products can be decreased using polysaccharides (mucilages and gums) as edible coatings. In this study, the efficiency of seeds mucilages (Balangu, Basil, and Wild sage), and xanthan gum as edible coatings on the oil uptake, moisture retention, and physical properties (color indexes and surface shrinkage) of potato strips during oil frying have been examined. Coating treatment with seeds mucilages and xanthan gum significantly decreased the moisture loss and oil uptake of potato strips (p < .05). Lightness (L*) index values of uncoated‐control and coated potato strips decreased during frying. The lowest and highest color change intensity (∆E) and surface shrinkage (%) values were observed for the potato strips coated by Wild sage seeds gum and uncoated‐control sample, respectively. The MMF (Morgan‐Mercer‐Flodin) model was selected as the best equation for describing the color changes intensity kinetics of untreated and treated potato strips during frying. The appropriate coating suspension for reducing the oil content of fried potato strips and improving product appearance quality was 1.0% Wild sage seeds gum.
Mind the Gaps: Ethical and Epistemic Issues in the Digital Mental Health Response to Covid‐19
Authors: Skorburg Joshua August , Friesen Phoebe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWell before the Covid‐19 pandemic, proponents of digital psychiatry were touting the promise of various digital tools and techniques to revolutionize mental health care. As social distancing and its knock‐on effects have strained existing mental health infrastructures, calls have grown louder for implementing various digital mental health solutions at scale. Decisions made today will shape the future of mental health care for the foreseeable future. Here, in hopes of countering this hype, we examine four ethical and epistemic gaps surrounding the growth of digital mental health: the evidence gap, the inequality gap, the prediction‐intervention gap, and the safety gap. We argue that these gaps ought to be considered by policy‐makers before society commits to a digital psychiatric future.
Insight into the dynamics of micropolar fluid through annulus when the rate of entropy generation is significant
Authors: Mathur Priya , Mishra S. R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn irreversible processes, such as the motion of the bodies, heat and mass transfer processes, fluid flow, and so forth, the amount of heat produced is measured by entropy. Therefore, the present analysis is devoted to the entropy analysis of the flow of micropolar fluid in a cylindrical annulus. In addition to that, both the velocity and thermal slip conditions are also taken care of. The rotation of the outer cylinder preserves with constant velocity causes the flow in the annulus. The governing nonlinear complex equations are solved using Runge–Kutta–Felhberg method. The analysis is carried out to describe the flow phenomena, entropy generation, and the Bejan number characterized by the contributing parameters via graphs and tables. Furthermore, the concurrency of the results with earlier studies shows the validation of the convergence criteria of the method employed.
Balancing from FRET to SET and Further to Photochemistry
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Dietl Christian , Wiedbrauk Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDyads of the hypsochromically absorbing energy donor benzoperylenetriscarboximide and the more bathochromically absorbing perylenebiscarboximide with various spacers were synthesized by means of the Sonogashira reaction where the transition moments of the donor and the acceptor are orthogonal causing zero for the geometry factor of κ for the simple p‐phenylene spacer. Exciton interactions were extinguished; however, the energy transfer by RET (resonance energy transfer) proceeded unaltered efficiently in contrast to the theory where vibronic effects were made responsible therefore. A lateral shift of donor and acceptor by means of a disubstituted naphthalene as the spacer was of no influence. The replacement of the naphthalene by the more electron rich pyrene caused a switch from RET to a photo‐induced single electron transfer (SET). RET as a very fast feeder allowed the suppression the formation of triplets of the donor and subsequent the generation of singlet oxygen and allowed to protect the dyad against photochemical degradation. Finally, the influence of the distance between donor and acceptor was studied.
Multilayer residual sparsifying transform (MARS) model for low‐dose CT image reconstruction
Authors: Yang Xikai , Long Yong , Ravishankar Saiprasad 
Published: September 2021

PurposeSignal models based on sparse representations have received considerable attention in recent years. On the other hand, deep models consisting of a cascade of functional layers, commonly known as deep neural networks, have been highly successful for the task of object classification and have been recently introduced to image reconstruction. In this work, we develop a new image reconstruction approach based on a novel multilayer model learned in an unsupervised manner by combining both sparse representations and deep models. The proposed framework extends the classical sparsifying transform model for images to a Multilayer residual sparsifying transform (MARS) model, wherein the transform domain data are jointly sparsified over layers. We investigate the application of MARS models learned from limited regular‐dose images for low‐dose CT reconstruction using penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) optimization.MethodsWe propose new formulations for multilayer transform learning and image reconstruction. We derive an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm to learn the transforms across layers, in an unsupervised manner from limited regular‐dose images. The learned model is then incorporated into the low‐dose image reconstruction phase.ResultsLow‐dose CT experimental results with both the XCAT phantom and Mayo Clinic data show that the MARS model outperforms conventional methods such as filtered back‐projection and PWLS methods based on the edge‐preserving (EP) regularizer in terms of two numerical metrics (RMSE and SSIM) and noise suppression. Compared with the single‐layer learned transform (ST) model, the MARS model performs better in maintaining some subtle details.ConclusionsThis work presents a novel data‐driven regularization framework for CT image reconstruction that exploits learned multilayer or cascaded residual sparsifying transforms. The image model is learned in an unsupervised manner from limited images. Our experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed multilayer scheme over single‐layer learned sparsifying transforms. Learned MARS models also offer better image quality than typical nonadaptive PWLS methods.