bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El problema de una hermenéutica teológica1
Authors: López David E. 
Published: June 2021

La práctica hermenéutica, actividad que se esfuerza por hacer comprensible un texto del pasado en nuevas situaciones y a lectores del presente, es algo que encontramos ya al interior del Antiguo Testamento, donde se interpreta o relee textos del pasado para que sean comprensibles y significativos en las nuevas circunstancias a nuevos lectores, para quienes dichos textos resultan extraños, dado que la situación de éstos y la del lector original son ajenas al presente. Este modo de actualizar el texto y que sea significativo y comprensible al presente se hace por medio de algunos cambios al interior o mediante glosas que pasan a formar parte del texto o a través de comentarios al mismo, lo que en términos generales es conocido como Midrash. Esta misma actividad hermenéutica la encontramos en textos literarios griegos, donde se hacen comprensibles textos del pasado a las condiciones del nuevo lector.
Bounding the Implications of Noncompliance in Randomized Controlled Trials in Orthopaedics: An Example in Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Forbes Shaun P. , Aaron Roy K. , Trikalinos Thomas A. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not impervious to bias especially when there are substantial numbers of patients who cross over from the treatment assigned by randomization to another treatment group, leading to loss of confidence in study results. The goals of this study were to (1) quantify the effects of crossovers on RCTs, (2) describe the specific effects of crossovers on RCTs for arthroscopic meniscectomy for osteoarthritis of the knee (APM/OAK), and (3) assess the confidence in APM/OAK in which there have been substantial numbers of patients crossing over to another treatment group than that assigned.

Methods:
Studies were included that were RCTs of APM/OAK with intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and illustrated the problem of crossovers on confidence in the analysis. Studies were excluded if they consisted of APM for conditions other than OAK or had unavailability of data needed for the analysis. For eligible RCTs, the ITT effect was calculated; bounds for the average treatment effect (ATE) and the complier ATE were assessed by estimating confidence intervals for the bound through robust Bayesian analysis.

Results:
The eligible studies had different comparators and, therefore, were analyzed individually. Data were not pooled. The most extreme point estimates (with 95% confidence interval) for ITT ranged from −0.01 to 0.04 (−0.16 to 0.16); for ATE with no assumptions, 0.38 (−0.58 to 0.43) to 0.62 (0.56 to 0.70); for ATE with minimum assumptions, −0.50 (−0.22 to 0.10) to 0.61 (0.53 to 0.57); and for complier ATE, −0.01 to 0.07 (−0.22 to 0.24).

Discussion:
These data suggest large bounds, crossing the threshold of “no effect,” which indicates a high degree of uncertainty and low confidence in the RCTs studied. The results demonstrate that when there are crossovers, ITT analyses do not estimate the ATE and confidence in the results of these RCTs is low.

Data Availability:
All analyzed data are provided in the article.

Level of Evidence:
Level I (therapeutic study = RCT)
Chemotherapy and Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Laibi Chelab Rahman 
Published: June 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that causes bloodstream, urinary tract, burn wounds infections and is one of the largest pathogens that infect cystic fibrosis patients’ airways and can be life-threatening for P. aeruginosa infections. In addition, P. aeruginosa remains one of the most significant and difficult nosocomial pathogens to handle. Increasingly, multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains are identified and the option of therapy is often very limited in these cases, particularly when searching for antimicrobial combinations to treat serious infections. The fact that no new antimicrobial agents are active against the MDR strains of P. aeruginosa is an additional matter of concern. In recent decades, bacterial drug resistance has increased, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has decreased steadily. The fight for new, powerful antibacterial agents has therefore become a top priority. This chapter illustrates and explores the current state of several innovative therapeutic methods that can be further discussed in clinical practice in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Coastal Sea Level Trends from a Joint Use of Satellite Radar Altimetry, GPS and Tide Gauges: Case Study of the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Vignudelli Stefano , De Biasio Francesco 
Published: June 2021

For the last century, tide gauges have been used to measure sea level change along the world’s coastline. However, tide gauges are heterogeneously distributed and sparse in coverage. The measured sea level changes are also affected by solid-Earth geophysics. Since 1992, satellite radar altimetry technique made possible to measure heights at sea independent of land changes. Recently various efforts started to improve the sea level record reprocessing past altimetry missions to create an almost 30 year-long combined record for sea level research studies. Moreover, coastal altimetry, i.e. the extension of altimetry into the oceanic coastal zone and its exploitation for looking at climate-scale variations of sea level, has had a steady progress in recent years and has become a recognized mission target for present and future satellite altimeters. Global sea level rise is today well acknowledged. On the opposite, the regional and local patterns are much more complicated to observe and explain. Sea level falls in some places and rises in others, as a consequence of natural cycles and anthropogenic causes. As relative sea level height continues to increase, many coastal cities can have the local elevation closer to the flooding line. It is evident that at land-sea interface a single technique is not enough to de-couple land and sea level changes. Satellite radar altimetry and tide gauges would coincide at coast if land had no vertical motion. By noting this fact, the difference of the two independent measurements is a proxy of land motion. In this chapter, we review recent advances in open ocean and coastal altimetry to measure sea level changes close to the coasts over the satellite radar altimetry era. The various methods to measure sea level trends are discussed, with focus on a more robust inverse method that has been tested in the Northern Adriatic Sea, where Global Positioning System (GPS) data are available to conduct a realistic assessment of uncertainties. The results show that the classical approach of estimating Vertical Land Motion (VLM) provides values that are almost half of those provided by the new Linear Inverse Problem With Constraints (LIPWC) method, in a new formulation which makes use of a change of variable (LIPWCCOV). Moreover, the accuracy of the new VLM estimates is lower when compared to the VLM estimated from GPS measurements. The experimental Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (SLCCI) data set (high resolution along track) coastal sea level product (developed within Climate Change Initiative (CCI project) that has been also assessed in the Gulf of Trieste show that the trends calculated with the gridded and along track datasets exhibit some differences, probably due to the different methodologies used in the generation of the products.
Training the Conductor of the Brainwave Symphony: In Search of a Common Mechanism of Action for All Methods of Neurofeedback
Authors: A. Markovics Jen 
Published: June 2021

There are several different methods of neurofeedback, most of which presume an operant conditioning model whereby the subject learns to control their brain activity in particular regions of the brain and/or at particular brainwave frequencies based on reinforcement. One method, however, called infra-low frequency [ILF] neurofeedback cannot be explained through this paradigm, yet it has profound effects on brain function. Like a conductor of a symphony, recent evidence demonstrates that the primary ILF (typically between 0.01–0.1 Hz), which correlates with the fluctuation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the brain, regulates all of the classic brainwave bands (i.e. alpha, theta, delta, beta, gamma). The success of ILF neurofeedback suggests that all forms of neurofeedback may work through a similar mechanism that does not fit the operant conditioning paradigm. This chapter focuses on the possible mechanisms of action for ILF neurofeedback, which may be generalized, based on current evidence.
Low Temperature Characterization and Modeling of FDSOI Transistors for Cryo CMOS Applications
Authors: Cassé Mikaël , Ghibaudo Gérard 
Published: June 2021

The wide range of cryogenic applications, such as spatial, high performance computing or high-energy physics, has boosted the investigation of CMOS technology performance down to cryogenic temperatures. In particular, the readout electronics of quantum computers operating at low temperature requires larger bandwidth than spatial applications, so that advanced CMOS node has to be considered. FDSOI technology appears as a valuable solution for co-integration between qubits and consistent engineering of control and read-out. However, there is still lack of reports on literature concerning advanced CMOS nodes behavior at deep cryogenic operation, from devices electrostatics to mismatch and self-heating, all requested for the development of robust design tools. For these reasons, this chapter presents a review of electrical characterization and modeling results recently obtained on ultra-thin film FDSOI MOSFETs down to 4.2 K.
Current Therapeutic Approaches for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Öztürk Recep 
Published: June 2021

Osteosarcoma is classically defined as a high-grade spindle-shaped neoplasm with malignant cells that produce osteoid. It is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. It is <1% of all cancers diagnosed, approximately 3.4% of all childhood cancers. The age-adjusted incidence of osteosarcoma is bimodal, with an initial peak in adolescence and then a second peak in patients over 60 years of age. Osteosarcoma is divided into two main groups. In most of the osteosarcomas, the etiological agent cannot be determined and it is called primary osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma, which develops due to etiologies such as Paget’s disease, radiotherapy or osteonecrosis, is called seconder osteosarcoma. Osteosarcomas are most commonly located in the appendicular skeleton. The most common settlement here is the knee circumference. The distal femur and proximal tibia are the most common locations in the knee. A multidisciplinary approach is indicated in the management of osteosarcoma. The treatment is multimodal, including systemic chemotherapy and local therapy. In this section, we will outline the current standard of care for the systemic and surgical approach to osteosarcoma treatment, as well as an overview of current studies.
Bacterial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: Multidrug Resistant ESBL Producing Gram Negative Uropathogens from Patients
Authors: Bonsu Karikari Akosua , Kosi Setsoafia Saba Courage , Yembilla Yamik David 
Published: June 2021

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases encountered in clinical practice. The development and spread of multidrug resistant isolates are of great global health burden; among them, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been a prime concern. This topic describes the resistance patterns of eighty three (83) Gram negative uropathogens to different classes of antibiotics. Bacteria isolates were obtained from patients of all age groups who sought medical attention at a secondary and tertiary hospital in Northern Ghana. Culture and isolation methods employed were the quantitative urine culture on Cysteine Lysine Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar and standard biochemical tests. ESBL production was detected using the CLSI recommended phenotypic confirmatory test along with routine antibiotic susceptibility test, adopting the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 83 isolates, seven (7) Gram negative uropathogens were characterized and ESBLs were detected in 32 of the isolates. Escherichia coli was the pathogen with most ESBL positive strains. Generally high and multiple drug resistance were recorded in both ESBL and non-ESBL strains to the empirical drugs, however, ESBL positive strains significantly (p = 0.000) showed greater resistance. A notable finding was the appreciable resistance exhibited by ESBL strains to last line treatment drugs that include aminoglycosides and imipenem.
Towards a New Mathematical Model for Investigating Course Stability and Maneuvering Motions of Sailing Yachts
Authors: Angelou Manolis , Spyrou Kostas J. 
Published: June 2021

In order to create capability for analyzing course instabilities of sailing yachts in waves, the authors are at an advanced stage of development of a mathematical model comprised of two major components: an aerodynamic, focused on the calculation of the forces on the sails, taking into account the variation of their shape under wind flow; and a hydrodynamic one, handling the motion of the hull with its appendages in water.
Regarding the first part, sails provide the aerodynamic force necessary for propulsion. But being very thin, they have their shape adapted according to the locally developing pressures. Thus, the flying shape of a sail in real sailing conditions differs from its design shape and it is basically unknown. The authors have tackled the fluid-structure interaction problem of the sails using a 3d approach where the aerodynamic component of the model involves the application of the steady form of the Lifting Surface Theory, in order to obtain the force and moment coefficients, while the deformed shape of each sail is obtained using a relatively simple Shell Finite Element formulation. The hydrodynamic part consists of modeling hull reaction, hydrostatic and wave forces.
A Potential Flow Boundary Element Method is used to calculate the Side Forces and Added Mass of the hull and its appendages. The Side Forces are then incorporated into an approximation method to calculate Hull Reaction terms. The calculation of resistance is performed using a formulation available in the literature. The wave excitation is limited to the calculation of Froude - Krylov forces.
The Newcomer’s Guide to Edmonton and Community Translation: Materially and Culturally Situated Practices
Authors: Cisneros Odile , De Léon Ann 
Published: June 2021

In line with the current turn towards the study of material culture in Translation Studies, this paper explores community translation in Edmonton through the case study of the Newcomer’s Guide to Edmonton (NGE). A 63-page handbook of essential information for new residents published by the City of Edmonton (2016), the NGE was translated into 7 languages in a project that employed community translators. This research examines community translation as both a materially and a culturally situated practice. We discuss how the materialities of communication and translation (Littau, 2016) can be addressed through this case study on community translation (Taibi and Ozolins, 2016). We also look at the process of community translation, specifically, the material conditions under which community translators work, often as volunteers with limited training who serve newcomers. We explore the case of the translation of the NGE as a culturally situated practice where community translators faced the particularities not only of the material translated, but also of the local context and target communities. Our research suggests that the process of the NGE’s translation not only empowered translators to make appropriate choices for their local communities, but also developed strategies for elevating the quality of the final product.
Prevalence and associated factorswith abortion among users of health services / Prevalência e fatores associados ao abortamento entre usuárias dos serviços de saúde
Authors: Leite Franciele Marabotti Costa , Paiva Karina Rosa , Pampolim Gracielle , Laignier Mariana Rabello , Lima Eliane de Fatima Almeida 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao abortamento entre usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde. Método: estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado com 991 mulheres em 26 Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Os dados foram analisados através do teste Qui-Quadrado e da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: 24,3% das mulheres relataram história de abortamento, sendo essa prevalência 2,35, maior entre aquelas com 35 anos ou mais de idade. A prevalência de abortamento se mostrou 1,58 vezes maior entre as mulheres que relataram violência sexual na infância e 1,61 vezes maior entre aquelas com história de violência física e sexual ao longo da vida. Conclusão: a experiência de abortamento é comum entre as mulheres, e, determinadas características de socioeconômicas e de vida podem estar associadas a uma maior prevalência desse evento.
Kidney Transplantation and Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease Due to Lupus Nephritis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Jorge April , Fu Xiaoqing , Cook Claire , Lu Na , Zhang Yuqing , Choi Hyon K. , Wallace Zachary S. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the potential impact of kidney transplantation on cardiovascular (CV) events among patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) due to lupus nephritis (LN).MethodsIn a nationwide cohort study, we identified all patients with LN‐ESRD enrolled in the US Renal Data System who were waitlisted for a kidney transplant and enrolled in Medicare between January, 2000 and December, 2016. The primary outcome was incident CV events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). We used time‐dependent Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of these outcomes associated with kidney transplant as a time‐varying exposure, adjusting for sex, age, race, ethnicity, geographic region, year of ESRD onset, first ESRD treatment modality (e.g., hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and history of prior organ transplants.ResultsOf 5,963 waitlisted patients with LN‐ESRD, 3,209 (54%) had a kidney transplant during the study period. The majority were female (82%), and African American patients represented 48% of waitlisted patients and 43% of transplanted patients. Kidney transplantation was associated with a lower risk of incident CV events (adjusted HR 0.31 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.18–0.53]) as well as lower risks of MI and CVA (adjusted HRs 0.13 [95% CI 0.08–0.34] and 0.30 [95% CI 0.16–0.54], respectively).ConclusionKidney transplantation was associated with a reduced risk of CV events, including MI and CVA, in patients with LN‐ESRD. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying barriers to transplantation in this population, as improved access could reduce CV morbidity.
Associations of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Depressive Symptoms Over Time: Are There Differences by Education, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender?
Authors: McQuillan Julia , Andersen Jennifer A. , Berdahl Terceira A. , Willett Jeff 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine associations between changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms and depressive symptoms adjusted for other time‐varying characteristics, and to test if these associations differed by education, race/ethnicity, or gender.MethodsData from the 1988–1998 US National Rheumatoid Arthritis Study were analyzed (n = 854). Time‐varying covariates included year of the study, pain, functional ability, household work disability, parental status, marital status, employment status, and social support. The time‐invariant covariates included years since diagnosis, education, race/ethnicity, and gender. Multivariate multilevel‐model analyses were used to estimate associations within people over time.ResultsPatients with RA experience considerable change in depressive symptoms, pain, functional disability, and household work disability over the study period. Depressive symptoms were driven more by differences between people compared to changes within people over time. Findings show that patients experienced increases in depressive symptoms over the study period. The rate of change in depressive symptoms did not differ by education, race/ethnicity, or gender. Times of worse pain, functional disability, and household disability were associated with worse depressive symptoms. The association of functional disability and depressive symptoms was stronger for men than women.ConclusionIncreases in pain and disability were associated with worse depressive symptoms, adjusted for covariates. It is important to monitor and treat both mental and physical health symptoms. Future research efforts should focus on collecting data reflecting the educational, gender, and racial/ethnic diversity of individuals with RA.
Impact of Nonpharmacologic Interventions Targeting Sleep Disturbances or Disorders in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Latocha Kristine M. , Løppenthin Katrine B. , Al‐Bazy Safa , Albrechtsen Tannie L. , Jensen Helle E. , Østergaard Mikkel , Jennum Poul J. , Esbensen Bente A. , Christensen Robin 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePatients with inflammatory arthritis have a high risk of sleep disturbances and disorders. The objective was to evaluate the evidence of nonpharmacologic interventions targeting sleep disturbances or disorders in patients with inflammatory arthritis.MethodsA systematic search was undertaken from inception to September 8, 2020. We included randomized trials concerning nonpharmacologic interventions applied in adults with inflammatory arthritis and concomitant sleep disturbances or disorders. The primary outcome was the sleep domain, while secondary outcomes were core outcome domains for inflammatory arthritis trials and harms. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied, and the overall quality of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Effect sizes for continuous outcomes were based on the standardized mean difference, combined using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsSix trials (308 patients) were included in the quantitative synthesis; 3 of these reported improvement in sleep in favor of the nonpharmacologic interventions. The meta‐analysis of the sleep domains indicated a large clinical effect of –0.80 (95% confidence interval –1.33, –0.28) in favor of nonpharmacologic interventions targeting sleep disturbances or disorders. The estimate was rated down twice for risk of bias and unexplained inconsistency; this risk was assessed as corresponding to low‐quality evidence. None of the secondary core outcomes used in contemporary inflammatory arthritis trials indicated a clinical benefit in favor of nonpharmacologic interventions targeting sleep.ConclusionNonpharmacologic interventions targeting sleep disturbances/disorders in patients with inflammatory arthritis indicated a promising effect on sleep outcomes, but not yet with convincing evidence.