bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab-Initio Computational Study : The Activation Energy Changes and Steric Effects In Peptide Synthesis Of Ac-AA-NH2 and Ac-AP-NH2
Authors: Pratiwi Indah , Cahyono Bambang , Siahaan Parsaoran 
Published: August 2021

Ab-Initio computational method can be used for simulating reaction mechanisms, such as concerted reaction mechanism on peptide synthesis. The concerted reaction is one of many possible pathways on how peptide can be synthesized. The purpose of this study are probing the concerted reaction mechanism and comparing the steric effect to the reaction, given by different side-chain of alanine (A) and proline (P). Two dipeptides formed from alanine and proline were computed at HF-SCF/6-31G** theory level: Ac-AA-NH2 and Ac-AP-NH2. The res.lts show the activation energy of Ac-AA-NH2 and Ac-AP-NH2 forming via concerted pathway are 167.541 kJ/mol and 161.044 kJ/mol, respectively. The steric difference in side-chain affects the dihedral angle of the structure, and also gives difference to the entropy value of reaction.
The Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) Roots Ethanol Extract Administration in Subchronic Dose
Authors: Arjadi Fitranto , Gumilas Nur Signa Aini , Harini Ika Murti , Indriani Vitasari , Rujito Lantip 
Published: August 2021

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) is an original Indonesian herb which is known to have an aphrodisiac effect. The active compounds in Purwoceng potentially have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects.This study was aimed to analyze the effect of subchronic administration of Purwoceng roots ethanol extract to Wistar Strain of Rattus norvegicus rats. The method of this subchronic toxicity study was an experimental post test only with control group design. Forty male Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into four groups and get 28-days treatment. Group A as control received aquadest and 1% CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), group B, C, and D were given Purwoceng roots ethanol extract of 42, 84, and 168 mg/KgBW/day and 1% CMC. Parameters tested were the levels of urea, creatinine, SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase), SGOT(serum oxaloacetic pyruvic transaminase), kidney and hepar histopatology.The results showed a statistically significant for the liver histopathological in group B, creatinine, urea, and kidney histopathology in group C. Our study concluded that subchronic administration of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) roots ethanol extract could induce hepatotoxicity at the 42 mg/KgBW/day dose level and nephrotoxicity at the 84 mg/KgBW/day dose level.
Object Position Estimation based on Dual Sight Perspective Configuration
Authors: Setiawan Dion , Hanafi Maulana Ifdhil , Riyanto Indra , Musafa Akhmad 
Published: August 2021

Development of the coordination system requires the dataset because the dataset could provide information around the system that the coordination system can use to make decisions. Therefore, the capability to process and display data-related positions of objects around the robots is necessary. This paper provides a method to predict an object’s position. This method is based on the Indoor Positioning System (IPS) idea and object position estimation with the multi-camera system (i.e., stereo vision). This method needs two input data to estimate the ball position: the input image and the robot’s relative position. The approach adopts simple and easy calculation technics: trigonometry, angle rotations, and linear function. This method was tested on a ROS and Gazebo simulation platform. The experimental result shows that this configuration could estimate the object’s position with Mean Squared Error was 0.383 meters. Besides, R squared distance calibration value is 0.9932, which implies that this system worked very well at estimating an object’s position.
A New Method of Artificial to Solve the Optimization Problems without the Violated Constraints
Authors: Raharjo Jangkung , Zein Hermagasantos , Soeprijanto Adi , Adam Kharisma Bani 
Published: August 2021

There are some problems in optimization that cannot be derived mathematically. Various methods have been developed to solve the optimization problem with various functional forms, whether differentiated or not, to overcome the problem, which are known as artificial methods such as artificial neural networks, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithms. In the literature, it is said that there is an artificial method that frequently falls to the minimum local solution. The local minimum results are proof that the artificial method is not accurate. This paper proposes the Large to Small Area Technique for power system optimization, which works based on reducing feasible areas. This method can work accurately, which that never violates all constraints in reaching the optimal point. However, to conclude that this method is superior to others, logical arguments and tests with mathematical simulations are needed. This proposed method has been tested with 24 target points using ten functions consisting of a quadratic function and a first-order function. The results showed that this method has an average accuracy of 99.97% and an average computation time of 62 seconds. The proposed technique can be an alternative in solving the economic dispatch problem in the power system.
Saeculum-Mundus Politik Indonesia: Satu Kajian Filosofis dalam Perspektif Nurcholish Madjid
Authors: Mustofa Imron 
Published: August 2021

This article suggests some common opinions on Muslim’s worldview, which became the center of contention. This gives rise to perspective which states that the religion participation in government will bring the world of politics into the arena of theo-centrism that ends in authoritarianism. The research is qualitative, based on library research. The approach used is descriptive critical analysis. It aims to describe factual dynamics on Indonesian social-politic from philosophical point of view. The research finds that, on the second half of twentieth century, Nurcholish Madjid’s renewal idea on Islamic political thought (secularization) gets a variety of responses. Madjid suggested the need to separate religion from social-politic arena with his slogan, ‘Islam Yes, Islamic party No’. The basis of the idea is built on the concept of rationality as the main authority in the social science paradigm. Ideas or dogma, meanwhile, is part of historical development which has to be submissive to conditions that always change. Everything that “exist” has to change, the only absolute one is the change itself.
Kebijakan Peraturan OJK Terhadap Perbankan Syariah dalam Menghadapi Wabah Covid-19 di Era New Normal
Authors: Fauzi Inna , Anjani Yassirlana 
Published: August 2021

<p><em>This study aims to examine the policy of Islamic banking law in maintaining its existence in the face of the plague that is hitting Indonesia. OJK (Financial Services Authority) has also made a number of policies that are used as an effort to save the economy in Indonesia. One of the regulations is stated in POJK Number 18 / POJK.03 / 2020 concerning "Written Orders for Handling Bank Problems". The legal policy used by Islamic banking is to measure the new OJK regulations as the organizer of an integrated regulatory and supervisory system of all activities in the financial services sector. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. related to the world of banking. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The object of this research is Islamic banking which has more religious wisdom. The results of this study indicate that Islamic banking is making service updates, considering that the transition of the banking world to digital can increase the efficiency of work processes and improve the quality of customer service, by digitizing during the pandemic. The bank has made long-term investments and it is projected that digital services will be one of the main drivers of sustainable banking industry growth in the context of fulfilling POJK Number 18 / POJK.03 / 2020.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
Implementasi Prinsip-Prinsip Muamalah dalam Transaksi Ekonomi: Alternatif Mewujudkan Aktivitas Ekonomi Halal
Authors: Maharani Dewi , Yusuf Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

<p><em>Alternatives on Realizing Halal Economic Activities. This study aims to explain the principles of Muamalah in economic transactions as in Al-Quran and Hadith. Halal economic activity plays an important role in economic transactions in Moslem life, which is the main requirement as one of the essences of Islamic teachings. Economic activities carried out by a Moslem are part of worship to Allah the Almighty who is in the framework of aqidah and sharia. Islamic economics aims to achieve happiness in the world and the hereafter through the order of life, to establish equality between humans</em></p><p> </p>
Survive, Revive, Thrive: Chapter 9: Apparent Horizon
Authors: Blasingame Tom 
Published: August 2021

The definition of apparent horizon: the plane or line where the earth or water and sky seem to meet.
If you do nothing, you get nothing.—Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese politician/diplomat/author, 1945
You get a lot of advice in this job. A former SPE President told me that these columns should never be about “where we (presidents) went and what we did last month; nobody’s interested in that.” While I have tried to abide by that rule, I can tell you that this past month was an extraordinarily full month, all from the computer screen, of course. I have dealt with the widest possible spectra of SPE membership from freshman students to geriatrics, like myself. It has been both exhausting and inspiring to see and feel the creativity and labor of our SPE members.
As unsolicited advice, if you are looking for inspiration, then I encourage you to talk to those who have lost their jobs or even their businesses. I have dealt with several in both groups during the past month.
Listen carefully to them. These colleagues look forward to when they can again contribute to our industry and they have that unique never-say-quit attitude that defines our industry. If you want to understand the word “resilience,” just listen. They are truly inspiring.Luck is where opportunity meets preparation. —Seneca, Roman writer, 54 BC–39 AD
Frankly, I spend almost all of my time for SPE just as Seneca suggests. The modern interpretation of this is that “the harder I work, the luckier I get” (attributed to the golfer Arnold Palmer). Specifically, I am looking for that “apparent horizon” where SPE can best serve its members in a fashion that presents a multitude of significant opportunities. In short, we are getting prepared to be lucky.
Life could be wonderful if people would leave you alone.—Charlie Chaplin, English actor, 1889–1977

The Year(s) of Living Virtually
In a recent panel I was involved in, I confess I did not expect (nor hope) to be the one to get the question “Is work-from-home here to stay?”, but I did. I thought I should share my views so you can taunt me with how wrong I am or could be. The obvious answer is yes. The efficiency and effectiveness of work-from-home (or remote working) is well documented, and probably to no one’s surprise, people are working an average of 2 or more extra hours/day when working from home.
The positives of work-from-home are obvious. Professionals can work very well with less supervision than anyone might have thought possible before the COVID pandemic. Occasional, or minimal commuting, provides a generally better home life and better time management, and there are exceptional (potential) cost savings from less commuting, travel, etc.
There are also negatives for work-from-home. The really bad news is that we probably don’t need as many management personnel. There is significant meeting overload. A rule of thumb is that for 80% of the people, 80% of the meeting time is wasted time. Historically people must be seen in order to be seen as relevant. The presumption being that if one is not seen, then they are not working.
A Big Question for Digital Experts: What Is the Driller Trying To Do?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: August 2021

Digital drilling experts spend a lot of time wondering “what was the driller thinking?”
They are not being sarcastic. The question matters for those doing analysis or writing control algorithms because the significance of readings, such as level of torque at any moment, depends on what the driller is doing at the time.
The interpretation is different if the rig is drilling, where significant torque is required, or reaming, where the resistance is likely minimal.
“During the reaming process, a spike in torque indicates something altogether different from a similar spike while drilling. So, the machine must recognize at least these two states: drilling and reaming,” said Fred Florence, a drilling consultant.
He is among a group of drilling automation advocates who put rig state on a short list of issues that must be addressed to make it possible to create drilling systems where multiple devices can read and react in sync to changing drilling conditions.
In other words, they want to know the information in the driller’s head now, said Moray Laing, director of digital value well construction engineering for Halliburton.
That means an automated device needs to know what the driller is doing and also be aware of concerns that could require quick reactions.
“Unless we can give it the same situational awareness of a human, it will not be able to manage the complexity of the process,” said Darryl Fett, Total’s manager of research drilling and wells in Houston.
Rig state differences also plague those trying to analyze drilling data who need to know what else was going on at the time. They struggle with multiwell data where different methods of calculating the rig state were used.
Drillers leave a record of their work in drilling logs. But this after-the-fact report typically lacks the precise timing sought by digital analysts using high-frequency data to analyze events that can happen suddenly.
“A data scientist working on drilling will tell you that one of their biggest pains is someone will ask them to build a model on lost circulation and here is some data,” Laing said. That analysis is not possible unless someone can offer details about when the fluid losses began, how long they lasted, and other bits of context that might matter, such as the drilling fluid properties at the time.
When asked for a basic explanation of the rig state, Crispin Chatar, drilling subject matter expert for Schlumberger, compared it to bringing a car that has been overheating to the shop. The mechanic will ask what was happening when the trouble began. Did the trouble start while driving fast on a freeway? While stuck in traffic? Did it happen after the radiator fluid warning light went on?
“Every single engineer who works in drilling optimization, drilling analytics, or any one of our remote operation centers uses rig state to quickly and clearly understand what is going on at the well-site in terms of drilling operations or what the system might be seeing downhole,” Chatar said.
Technology Focus: Coiled Tubing (June 2021)
Authors: Crabtree Alex 
Published: August 2021

Last year, this feature opened, almost inevitably, with comments on the effects the COVID-19 pandemic might have on our industry. Unfortunately, a year later, we probably have all experienced the effects, both personal and work-related.
One of these effects is that there has been re-evaluation of what’s important. To understand what is important takes some reflection and evaluation of the past. In previous features, the focus has been on what is new or reimagined. Therefore, I thought that, in selecting papers for this year’s feature, it would be useful to select ones that look at coiled tubing operations performed and that have been evaluated in one way or another.
From Bolivia comes a paper that reviews some 25 well interventions performed. Most of these operations are of a type that will be familiar to the reader. Also, some of the challenges that were faced in performing these coiled tubing operations will be familiar. These operations used a range of established types of coiled tubing operations and blended the techniques to meet particular operating conditions, especially location and logistics challenges. All conclusions and best practices that resulted, however, may not be familiar to all readers.
During the past few years, many coiled tubing papers have focused on the use of coiled tubing in multizone fracturing operations, especially plug milling. An area of coiled tubing use in fracturing operations that has had less of an audience recently has been the use of coiled tubing in annular fracturing operations. This activity is still routinely being performed, particularly in Canada. The question has long existed about how the pipe is being eroded. In the related paper in this feature, the authors explain how they have tried to answer that question and have shared some of their review insights.
In the past decade, coiled tubing size, weight, and grade all have continued to increase. Looking back at this trend and thinking about its effect on pressure control equipment led the developers in the third of this year’s papers to work on solutions for shear rams. This is particularly relevant after having just passed the 11th anniversary of the tragic Macondo disaster.
Again, this year, I ask everyone to stay well.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
OTC 30408 Design and Safety Considerations To Perform Coiled Tubing Operations in Large-Diameter, High-Temperature Geothermal Wells by Ishaan Singh, Schlumberger, et al.
SPE 204446 Implementing Business Analytics Software To Optimize Coiled Tubing Operations: A Digital Approach to Operations Efficiency by Xaymaca Bautista Alarcon, Royal Oaks Energy Services, et al.
SPE 203272 The Reinvention of a Well-Established Coiled Tubing Intervention Work Flow Creates New Perspectives for Acidizing Openhole Horizontal Tight Carbonate Water Injectors by Sameer Punnapala, ADNOC, et al.
Reservoir Stimulation Technique Combines Radial Drilling Technology With Acid Jetting
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202661, “Combination of Radial Drilling Technology With Acid Jetting: New Approach in Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation,” by Ayrat Bashirov, Ilya Lyagov, and Ilya Galas, Perfobur, prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The complete paper describes an approach to stimulate carbonate formations with bedding water or a gas cap. The technique is a combination of acid jetting and a radial drilling technology that uses mechanical radial drilling with a slim mud motor. The primary advantages of the technology include controlled trajectory and the possibility of re-entry into channels. The novelty of the technology is in its ability to deploy acids in the rock far away from the wellbore through the mechanically drilled holes with known depths and azimuths.

Reservoir Description
The mature field is in central Russia in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The field contains both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Oil depth is from 780 to 1830 m. Six reservoirs are in development. This study concentrates on projects in a carbonate formation that is a substage of the early Pennsylvanian Period. This formation is highly heterogeneous with closely underlying water. Permeability of the reservoir is approximately 43 md; reservoir pressure is 1,000 psi, and oil density is 0.891 g/cm3. Two adjacent well candidates with identical reservoir properties were selected for the study, with a distance between wells of approximately 136 m. Net oil thickness in Well A is 4.4 m and 3 m in Well B.

Mechanical Radial Drilling Technology
The technology described by the authors uses mechanical radial drilling with a slim mud motor. The technology allows the drilling of a network of radial channels up to 15 m long with up to four channels of different trajectories on one level. The technical system features a modular construction for ease of assembly at the wellhead area and increased operational efficiency. The main elements of the technical system include the following:
- Pipe pusher connected at the top with an overflow valve module and, at the bottom, with a guiding device connected by means of a hydraulic pusher
- Flexible pipe assembly with a small (nonstandard) sectional mud motor
- Drilling bit (milling cutter for window cutting)
- Special whipstock and an anchor module with an orienting funnel connected from below to the pipe frame
Technology Focus: Hydraulic Fracturing Operations (June 2021)
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2021

This issue marks the debut of the Hydraulic Fracturing Operations feature in JPT. While hydraulic fracturing has long been a feature topic, this year, we are branching this major area of interest into both this feature and a Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling feature, which will appear in the November issue of the magazine.
For this issue, reviewer Nabila Lazreq of ADNOC has selected three papers that reflect industry efforts to achieve new goals in production and sustainability. Paper 201450 investigates the potential of natural gas (NG) foam fracturing fluid to reduce the major water requirements seen in stimulation. The authors write that such requirements can be reduced up to 80% in some cases by the use of NG foams. Although modeling is used to reach their conclusions, the authors point out that NG foam fracturing fluids have great promise in operational scenarios in areas such as the Duvernay Shale.
Paper 203226 reviews the challenges and conclusions reached by an operator implementing multistage fracturing for the first time in a horizontal well in a UAE tight carbonate reservoir. A cross-disciplinary approach proved effective when conventional stimulation methods were not successful in this challenging formation.
Finally, paper 201611 returns to the topic of NG foams, investigating their utility as an alternative to fracturing fluids composed of nitrogen and carbon-dioxide foams. The pilot-scale study leads the authors to conclude that NG foams are effective fracturing fluids that exhibit stable viscosity at elevated pressure and temperature conditions.
We hope that you enjoy the inaugural Hydraulic Fracturing Operations feature. Feel free to access the complete papers, and others that reflect recent achievements of SPE conference authors, in the OnePetro online library.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 204190 Optimization of Coal-Seam Connectivity by Multiseam Pinpoint Fracturing Operations in the Walloons Coal Measures, Surat Basin by Vibhas J. Pandey, ConocoPhillips, et al.
SPE 204140 An Eagle Ford Case Study: Monitoring Fracturing Propagation Through Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring by Kourtney Brinkley, Devon Energy, et al.
SPE 202760 Tight Oil From Shale Rock in UAE: A Success Story of Unconventional Fracturing by Nabila Lazreq, ADNOC, et al.