bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the drugs used in migrant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the development of symptomatic strongyloidiasis
Authors: Lorenzo Helena , Carbonell Cristina , Vicente Santiago María Belén , López-Bernus Amparo , Pendones Ulerio Josué , Muñoz Bellido Juan Luis , Muro Antonio , Belhassen-García Moncef 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The use of dexamethasone in patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis can cause severe complications. It is necessary to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and strongyloidiasis infection.

Methods
A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was undertaken to review all patients admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection at the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Spain, during 1 March–31 December 2020.

Results
A total of 2567 patients received a diagnosis of COVID-19. Eighty-six patients from endemic areas were included. Seven patients had strongyloidiasis. Five patients were female. The mean age (±SD) was 39 (±10.8) y. Six patients were Latin-American and only one patient was from Africa. Six patients had previous symptoms compatible with strongyloidiasis infections. Only three patients received dexamethasone (6 mg once daily) for 10 d. In all cases, the clinical courses of the patients were satisfactory. No patient died or was admitted to the ICU.

Conclusions
Screening programmes using serological techniques should be implemented in COVID-19 patients to prevent strongyloidiasis. Our study suggested that drugs used against COVID-19 in patients with strongyloidiasis did not affect the evolution of the disease. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the role of dexamethasone in COVID-19 patients infected with Strongyloides.
Adaptation of the Centers for Disease Control Surgical Wound Classification System for Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Scolaro John A. , Agel Julie , Marmor Meir , Dumpe Jarrod , Karam Matt , Kellam James , Meinberg Eric , Munz John , Nguyen Mai , Soles Gillian , Stinner Daniel , Marecek Geoffrey S. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate a proposed orthopaedic-specific surgical wound classification system (SWCS) and the current Centers for Disease Control (CDC) system in a series of detailed clinical vignettes and to identify the degree of satisfaction with CDC SWCS and desire for institution of an orthopaedic-specific SWCS.

Methods:
Forty-five clinical vignettes and a 5-question survey were distributed to current and past members of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association's Classification Committee. Respondents were asked to provide wound class for each vignette using the CDC system and orthopaedic-specific SWCS.

Results:
The orthopaedic-specific and CDC SWCS had interclass correlations of 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. When the systems were compared, in 34% of cases, there was no grade change; in 63% of cases, the wound was graded higher using the orthopaedic-specific SWCS. When only the procedure was changed between vignettes, wound classification was infrequently affected. There was near universal dissatisfaction with the CDC SWCS and desire for an orthopaedic-specific system.

Conclusions:
Both the CDC SWCS and orthopaedic-specific SWCS have excellent interobserver reliability. Incorporation of orthopaedic-specific language affects wound classification. There is low satisfaction with the current CDC SWCS and a desire exists for further development and validation of an orthopaedic-specific SWCS.
A methodological quality evaluation of the published guidelines and recommendations about the lung cancer screening
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Casiraghi Monica , Petrella Francesco , Rampinelli Cristiano , Tessitore Adele , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

Background
A project to assess the existing literature and to benchmark the quality of past guidelines and recommendations on lung cancer screening projects was developed with a particular focus on the assessment of the methodology used in producing them.

Methods
Each guideline was assessed in the different items and domains with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and scored on a seven-point scale.

Results
Eight guidelines matched the inclusion criteria and were assessed. A multinational collaboration produced three out of five guidelines. The multivariable analysis shows that improved scores of stakeholders’ involvement were related to internationally developed guidelines. Improved methodological quality was related to the involvement of scientific societies due to the better rigor of development and editorial independence. Countries with higher expenditure on healthcare produced significantly better guidelines.

Conclusions
Assessed by the AGREE II criteria, the methodological quality of previous guidelines was relatively low. Nevertheless, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines should be recommended as a model for the development of best methodological quality guidelines.
Factors influencing participation in preventive interventions for gastric cancer: the results from the GISTAR study
Authors: Leja Mārcis , Cine Eva , Poļaka Inese , Daugule Ilva , Murillo Raul , Parshutin Sergei , Ražuka-Ebela Danute , Rotberga Laura , Anarkulova Linda , Kriķe Petra , Šantare Daiga , Tzivian Lilian , Herrero Rolando , Park Jin Young 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
Search-and-treat strategy for Helicobacter pylori and surveillance of patients with precancerous lesions are recommended to decrease the burden of gastric cancer in high-risk areas. We aimed to evaluate the acceptance of the target population to these strategies.

Methods
We applied a search-and-treat strategy combined with biomarker screening (pepsinogens I and II, gastrin-17) for atrophic gastritis to healthy individuals aged 40–64 years within the GISTAR Pilot study. Different means of invitation were evaluated – direct telephone calls, letters of invitation via the general practitioners. Participants with altered biomarker results were invited to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. H.pylori positive individuals were offered eradication therapy. Data on the compliance to the treatment and reasons for noncompliance were collected via telephone.

Results
Altogether 3453 participants were enrolled. The attendance of women participants was 1.9 times higher although active invitation strategies were mainly targeting men. The yield for the telephone invitations was higher than for mail-delivered invitations (2.1 calls vs. 7.7 letters required to recruit one study subject). Out of 661 individuals reached with the invitation to undergo upper endoscopy, 520 (78.7%) attended the procedure. Out of 1185 study subjects eligible for eradication, 810 (68.4%) accepted it. Of those having received the medication, 765(94.4%) completed it. The reasons for nonparticipation were the overall misconception of the importance of screening, busy schedule and others.

Conclusions
While only the minority of the target population participated in the gastric cancer prevention strategy, relatively high compliance was seen among the participants. The acceptance rate and the identified reasons for refusing to participate in our study indicate that there is a need to raise gastric cancer awareness and its existent preventive strategies within the general population for their successful implementation in the community.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment on keloid tumor immune gene expression
Authors: Wang Chun-Hu , Shan Meng-Jie , Liu Hao , Hao Yan , Song Ke-Xin , Wu Huan-Wen , Meng Tian , Feng Cheng , Qi Zheng , Wang Zhi , Wang You-Bin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been demonstrated to influence the keloid recurrence rate after surgery and to relieve keloid symptoms and other pathological processes in keloids. To explore the mechanism of the effect of HBOT on keloids, tumor immune gene expression and immune cell infiltration were studied in this work.

Methods:
From February 2021 to April 2021, HBOT was carried out on keloid patients four times before surgery. Keloid tissue samples were collected and divided into an HBOT group (keloid with HBOT before surgery [HK] group, n = 6) and a non-HBOT group (K group, n = 6). Tumor gene expression was analyzed with an Oncomine Immune Response Research Assay kit. Data were mined with R package. The differentially expressed genes between the groups were compared. Hub genes between the groups were determined and verified with Quantitative Real-time PCR. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed based on CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis of gene expression and verified with immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results:
Inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the HK group. There were 178 upregulated genes and 217 downregulated genes. Ten hub genes were identified, including Integrin Subunit Alpha M (ITGAM), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-2, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C (PTPRC), CD86, transforming growth factor (TGF), CD80, CTLA4, and IL-10. CD80, ITGAM, IL-4, and PTPRC with significantly downregulated expression were identified. IL-10 and IL-2 were upregulated in the HK group but without a significant difference. Infiltration differences of CD8 lymphocyte T cells, CD4 lymphocyte T-activated memory cells, and dendritic resting cells were identified with gene CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis. Infiltration levels of CD4 lymphocyte T cell in the HK group were significantly higher than those of the K group in IHC verification.

Conclusion:
HBOT affected tumor gene expression and immune cell infiltration in keloids. CD4 lymphocyte T cell, especially activated memory CD4+T, might be the key regulatory immune cell, and its related gene expression needs further study.
Embedding a Behavior Change Program Designed to Reduce Sedentary Time Within a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program Is Feasible in People With COPD
Authors: Wshah Adnan , Selzler Anne-Marie , Hill Kylie , Brooks Dina , Goldstein Roger 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
This study examined the feasibility of embedding a 4-wk intervention, which sought to reduce sedentary time (SED), into a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods:
This was an intervention study that comprised one face-to-face session and three follow-up visits. Primary outcomes related to feasibility and included adherence to data completion undertaken before and during the intervention period, participant satisfaction with the intervention (out of 100%), and participant achievement of intervention goals. Secondary outcomes, collected before and after the intervention period, included SED and daily step count.

Results:
Of 28 eligible individuals approached to participate, 21 (75%) were enrolled and 19 (90%) completed the program (13 females; age 69.1 ± 8.7 yr). Sixteen participants (84%) were adherent to wearing a physical activity monitor before and during the intervention period. The satisfaction score was 90 ± 12%. Over the intervention period, a total of 73 intervention goals were set, of which 41 (56%) were achieved. The effect of the intervention on SED was unclear.

Conclusions:
Embedding this intervention in a PRP appears to be feasible; however, its impact on SED should be further evaluated.
Moraxella Keratitis: A Case Series
Authors: Kenny Sarah E. , Puig Madeleine , Salinas Ricardo , Johnson Daniel A. , Kheirkhah Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To report the ocular and systemic risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management outcomes of Moraxella keratitis.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with culture-proven Moraxella keratitis in South Texas between 2012 and 2018. Clinical data including demographics, ocular and systemic risk factors, clinical presentation, speciation, and treatment course were collected.

Results:
Fourteen eyes of 14 patients had culture-proven Moraxella keratitis which made up 8.1% of cases of culture-proven bacterial keratitis in the period studied. These included 10 men and 4 women with a mean age of 52.7±11.3 years. Ten patients (71.4%) had different ocular risk factors such as ocular trauma, corneal foreign body, contact lens use, preceding viral keratitis, neurotrophic cornea, and recent corneal transplant on topical steroids. Systemic risk factors included diabetes mellitus, systemic immunosuppressive therapy, cancer chemotherapy, and AIDS. There was no specific clinical manifestation. The size of stromal infiltration on initial presentation varied among the cases, with 71.4% stromal infiltrations of 4 mm or less. The patients were managed with fortified tobramycin, fortified vancomycin, and moxifloxacin eye drops. No eyes required surgical intervention during treatment for the active infection, except for one eye with pre-existing no light perception that was enucleated because of chronic pain.

Conclusions:

Moraxella keratitis is a less frequent form of bacterial keratitis that appears more prevalent in patients with previous ocular conditions. Early diagnosis of this infection and medical treatment with a conventional corneal ulcer regimen can result in good clinical outcomes without the need for a surgical intervention.
Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery: facts, fallacies and how to approach clinically
Authors: Chew Michelle S. , Puelacher Christian 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Acute myocardial injury occurs commonly during perioperative care. There is still considerable confusion regarding its diagnosis and definition, and a lack of consensus on who and how to screen, exacerbated by a lack of studies addressing how to manage patients with detected myocardial injury.

Recent findings
Far from a benign biochemical anomaly, myocardial injury occurring perioperatively is largely a silent disease and is not necessarily because of ischaemia. Preoperative, postoperative, and perioperative changes in cardiac troponins (cTns) are independently associated with increased mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Routine screening with cTns is required for reliable detection of myocardial injury. Measurement of changes (from preoperative to postoperative) will detect acute events as well as identify patients with chronic troponin increases.

Summary
This review aims to bring together current literature regarding myocardial injury that is detected perioperatively, identifies knowledge gaps for future research and provides suggestions for management.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations Towards Dientamoeba fragilis in Children
Authors: van Kalleveen Michael W. , van Bergen Merel , Benninga Marc A. , Savelkoul Paul H.M. , Plötz Frans B. , de Meij Tim G.J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis survey was undertaken to obtain insight in the attitude of Dutch physicians towards pathogenicity, diagnostic‐ and therapeutic approach towards Dientamoeba fragilis in children. Physicians were invited by e‐mail for a questionnaire. A total of 211 of 450 physicians (46.9%) completed the questionnaire, including 67 general practitioners (GPs) and 144 pediatricians. Of all respondents, 175 of 211 (82.9%) considered D fragilis a “potential pathogen”, when other causes of gastro‐intestinal complaints are ruled out. Only 16 of 211 (7.6%) performed diagnostic tests regularly. Diagnostic tests were performed by 162 of 211 (77%) of respondents in children with diarrhea and abdominal pain in consideration of duration of symptoms. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was diagnostic modality of preference. Eighty‐nine of 142 (62.7%) prescribed metronidazole as antibiotic of first choice. This study shows heterogeneity in clinical practice amongst Dutch physicians regarding diagnostic‐ and therapeutic approach of D fragilis in children. Different attitude towards pathogenicity and inconsistent guidelines could be causative factors.
How Much Does Serum 25(OH)D Improve by Vitamin D Supplement and Fortified Food in Children? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ghodsi Delaram , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:This study was conducted to respond certain important questions regarding the efficacy of vitamin D fortification and supplementation in children using a meta‐analytical approach.Methods:MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched, and 2341 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 31 studies were selected.Results:Significant raises in circulating 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were observed in both groups that took vitamin D supplement (mean difference [MD] 28.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.5–34.9) and vitamin D‐fortified foods (MD 20.29, 95% CI 13.3–27.2). The meta‐regression revealed a significant association between age of participants (B −1.4, 95% CI −2.8, −0.02, P = 0.047) and dose of vitamin D (B 0.007, 95% CI 0.003, 0.01, P < 0.001), with the effect on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D concentration increases by 0.7 nmol/L for every 100 IU of vitamin D intake after adjustment for age, baseline serum 25(OH)D and latitude which is far less than the reported amount in adults.Conclusions:Altogether, these findings indicate that in a mass vitamin D fortification program, circulating 25(OH)D concentration response in children may be lower in children than in adults and vitamin D supplementation may still be needed in this subpopulation.
Thromboelastography Changes of Whole Blood Compared to Blood Component Transfusion in Infant Craniosynostosis Surgery
Authors: Nelson Olivia , Wu Lezhou , Swanson Jordan W. , Hsu Grace , Lambert Michele P. , Obstfeld Amrom , Thottathil Princy , Wohler Brittany L. , Stricker Paul A. , Simpao Allan F. , Galvez Jorge A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis with cranial vault reconstruction in infants is associated with significant blood loss. The optimal blood management approach is an area of active investigation. Thromboelastography (TEG) was used to examine changes in coagulation after surgical blood loss that was managed by transfusion with either whole blood or blood components. Transfusion type was determined by availability of whole blood from the blood bank.
This retrospective study examined differences in posttransfusion TEG maximum amplitude (MA), a measure of the maximum clot strength, for patients transfused with whole blood or blood components. We included all patients less than 24 months old who underwent cranial vault remodeling, received intraoperative transfusions with whole blood or blood components, and had baseline and posttransfusion TEG measured. Whole blood was requested for all patients and was preferentially used when it was available from the American Red Cross.
Of 48 eligible patients, 30 received whole blood and 18 received blood components. All patients received an intraoperative antifibrinolytic agent. The posttransfusion MA in the whole blood group was 61.8 mm (IQR 59.1, 64.1) compared to 57.9 mm (IQR 50.5, 60.9) in the blood components group (P = 0.010). There was a greater posttransfusion decrease in MA for patients transfused with blood components (median decrease of 7.7 mm [IQR −3.4, 6.3]) compared with whole blood (median decrease of 2.1 mm [IQR −9.6, 7.5] P < 0.001).
Transfusion with blood components was associated with a greater decrease in MA that was likely related to decreased postoperative fibrinogen in this group. Patients who received whole blood had higher postoperative fibrinogen levels.
Single Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair In Toddlers: Retrospective Review of Feasibility and Operative Experience
Authors: Abdulrauf Badr M.I. , Mater Mohammed E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), we aimed to compare a single-stage surgery group or all in one (AIO) approach with a 2-stage surgery group (2-SSG) of 18 and 12 toddlers, respectively. A retrospective review of 30 patients with CLP was conducted between 2007 and 2019. All in one procedure was performed at 12 to 24 months and 2-SSG patients had lip and primary nasal correction at 3 to 9 months, followed by palatoplasty and myringotomies at 12 to 16 months. In the AIO group, 13 (72.2%) patients had unilateral CLP, while 5 (27.8%) had bilateral CLP, which is comparable to the 2-SSG who had 8 (66.7%) unilateral CLP, 3 (25%) bilateral CLP, and 1 (8.3%) incomplete CL with submucous CP. The 2-SSG had a 30 minutes longer cumulative operative time and increased blood loss that was not statistically significant (P = 0.149 and 0.219, respectively). The AIO group had a slightly longer intubation (0.67 versus 0.33 day) and pediatric intensive care unit admission duration of 1.72 versus 1.67 days, (P = 0.427, 0.927), respectively. Total hospitalization time was significantly shorter with the AIO (8 versus 10.67 days, P = 0.016). The duration of postoperative pediatric intensive care unit and need for supplemental oxygen were higher in the AIO (38.9% versus 8.3%, P = 0.064). The “AIO” approach of lip, nasal, and palate surgery from 12 to 24 months completes early surgical care in a single operation. However, based on our review, this protocol must be selective; children with comorbidities or syndromes are advised to be exempted and operated in stages.
Guided Internal Fixation Technique for Transconjunctival Orbital Fat Transposition
Authors: Wu Lehao , Wang Tailing , You Jianjun , Zhang Chang , Wang Jiaqi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The predominant method for transconjunctival orbital fat transposition is by conducting 1 or several temporary externalized sutures. A new method that could internally and more securely fixate the fat to the periosteum remains desirable. This manuscript introduces a technique that utilizes a titanium ring to guide transconjunctival orbital fat fixation for lower blepharoplasty. With 8 to 10 mm transconjunctival incisions, the orbicularis retaining ligaments were released. An intraoperatively made ring guided the sutures that was made transcutaneously and anchored on the periosteum to exit the preseptal space through the transconjunctival incision. The orbital fat graft was then fixated internally by this suture. From October 2017 to November 2019, 51 patients were included in this study. The mean patient age was 35.7 years (ranged 28–42 years). The mean operative time for the surgical procedure was 52 minutes. No major complications were noticed in any patients. There was 1 case in which the eye bag relapses at fifth week postoperatively, but was corrected by the same approach. At the average follow-up period of 12.1 months, all patients presented significant improvement of the lower eyelid cosmesis. Forty-four patients rated the aesthetic outcomes as “Very Satisfied,” the other 7 rated “Satisfied” in a self-assessment questionnaire.
Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale echoed similar outcomes. This guided internal fixation technique is technically practical when properly executed. It offers a new method for facilitating orbital fat transposition in lower blepharoplasty.