bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro gas fermentation kinetics of compounded ration containing graded levels of biodegraded corncob
Authors: Adedeji O.Y. , Saka A. A. 
Published: February 2021

Cob regarded as a waste product, constituting source of environmental pollution could be utilized as an energy source in feed formulation if properly processed and harnessed through fungal degradation. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the nutritive value of biodegraded corncob meal based diet using in vitro gas production technique. Aspergillus niger was isolated and sub-cultured to obtain a pure culture. Degraded corn cob meals(DCCM) of four dietary treatments were prepared to include: T (0% DCCM which served as 1 the control), T (15% DCCM), T (30% DCCM) and T (45% DCCM). Each diet sample 2 3 4 (200mg) was incubated in buffered rumen liquor for 48 hours and gas volume was estimated using established in vitro gas production models. Amount of gas volume produced was determined every 3 hours for 48 hours of incubation in buffered rumen fluid. After 48 hours ofincubation, methane gas produced was estimated and determined in triplicates. The proximate composition of Aspergillus niger biodegraded corn cob indicated that Aspergillus niger improved the nutritive value of the corn cob. Untreated corn cob meal was lower in nutritive values when compared with treated corncob meal with crude protein, crude fibre and ash values ranging from 6.88 to 9.78%, 32.68 to 26.37% and 2.87 to 2.88% respectively.The proximate composition of the dietary treatments showed that the crude protein varied from (11.67-12.67%), crude fibre (10.94-21.56%), ether extract (2.12-4.88%), ash (6.48- 9.44%) and nitrogen free extract (58.17-62.99%). Results obtained for volume of gas (35.960-72.770mL/200mgDM) produced in time “t” denoted by (b) were significantly different (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. However, rate of gas production (0.0297- 0.0425mL/hr) and time between incubation and gas production (2.083-2.683hr) were not significantly different (P>0.05) across the dietary treatments. Cumulative gas volumeproduction at 24 hours were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by different inclusion levels of DCCM with values obtained ranging from T (15.33 ml/gDM) to T (35.33 ml/gDM). There 4 3 were significant differences (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. The post estimated parameters ranging from metabolisable energy (4.96-7.74MJ/Kg DM), organic matter digestibility (37.98-58.03%), short chain fatty acids (0.31-0.78μmol), Methane estimate (3-8 ml/200mgDM) and Carbon dioxide estimate (10-30 ml/200mgDM). It can be concluded that 30% DCCM based diet had the potential of meeting the nutritional needs as smallruminant livestock feeds, if properly biodegraded and incorporated into feeds.
Growth performance, carcass yield and bacteria load of broiler chickens on oral administration of Nigella sativa oil
Authors: Ayoola A. A. , Ekunseitan D. A. , Olatunbosun O. B. , Muhammad S. B. , Oguntoye M. A. , Adejola Y.A. 
Published: February 2021

One hundred and forty-four, one day – old broiler (arbor acre strain) chicks were used in a 49-day trial to assess the influence of oral administration of black seed oil on growth performance, carcass traits and bacteria load in broiler chickens. The birds were divided into four groups (36 per group) and randomly assigned to treatments with varying levels of black seed oil (1.5 ml/L, 3.0 ml/L and 4.5 ml/L of water) and control (antibiotics). Data obtained were subjected to one-way Analysis of variance at α0.05 . Oral administration of varying levels of Nigella sativa oil did not have any significant (P>0.05) effect on the growth performance indices (final weight includes 1899.49, 1940.28, 1888.51 and 1795.83g across the groups) and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Black seed oil had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the faecal bacteria count, only numerically reduced total blood coliform count with increasing 6 dosage of Nigella sativa oil (0.50, 0.40, 0.33 and 0.40 × 10 cfu/ml) in water while caecal coliform reduced (p <0.05) markedly at 4.5ml/L dosage (2.03 vs 2.53, 2.37, 2.43). It was concluded that a minimum dosage of 4.5ml/L of black seed oil be adopted for a significant reduction in bacterial load in chickens.
Assessment of goat blood-rumen content as alternative protein source in broiler chicken diets supplemented with aromatic pants
Authors: Nwose R. N. , Nwose D. I. , Nweke F. N. , Nwenya J. M. I. , Igwe R. O. 
Published: February 2021

One hundred and twenty, one day old Anak breeds were randomly assigned to five treatment diets. Each group was replicated into four with six birds per replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated with diet 1 (T1) as control, contained 0% Goat Blood-Rumen Content Mixture (GBRCM) and aromatic plants. Diet 2 (T2) contains 10% GBRCM without aromatic plants supplementation. Diet 3, 4 and 5 (T3, T4 and T5) contained 10% goat blood-rumen content mixture supplemented with garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis). The experiment lasted for 56 days. Parameters evaluated were; body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, nutrient digestibility and economics of production. The results showed that birds fed with aromatic plant supplemented had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gain, feed intake and superior feed conversion ratio than birds fed with unsupplemented and control. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference on the parameters of the birds fed with control diet T1 and T2 among the treatments. Diet T3 formulated with 10% goat blood-rumen content and 5 grams of Allium sativum indicated the best performance followed by diet T4 and diet T5 . This showed that the goat blood-rumen content based-diet supplemented with aromatic reduced the high cost of feed material, ensured greater productivity and has no adverse effect on health status of the birds. The GBRCM based-diet supplemented in the broiler bird's diets reduced the cost of production with no adverse effect on performance.
Lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) quantities: current status of measuring techniques and models
Authors: Palmroth Minna , Grandin Maxime , Sarris Theodoros , Doornbos Eelco , Tourgaidis Stelios , Aikio Anita , Buchert Stephan , Clilverd Mark A. , Dandouras Iannis , Heelis Roderick , Hoffmann Alex , Ivchenko Nickolay , Kervalishvili Guram , Knudsen David J. , Kotova Anna , Liu Han-Li , Malaspina David M. , March Günther , Marchaudon Aurélie , Marghitu Octav , Matsuo Tomoko , Miloch Wojciech J. , Moretto-Jørgensen Therese , Mpaloukidis Dimitris , Olsen Nils , Papadakis Konstantinos , Pfaff Robert , Pirnaris Panagiotis , Siemes Christian , Stolle Claudia , Suni Jonas , van den IJssel Jose , Verronen Pekka T. , Visser Pieter , Yamauchi Masatoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the atmosphere below and space above. The atmospheric part of the LTI is dominated by laws of continuum fluid dynamics and chemistry, while the ionosphere is a plasma system controlled by electromagnetic forces driven by the magnetosphere, the solar wind, as well as the wind dynamo. The LTI is hence a domain controlled by many different physical processes. However, systematic in situ measurements within this region are severely lacking, although the LTI is located only 80 to 200 km above the surface of our planet. This paper reviews the current state of the art in measuring the LTI, either in situ or by several different remote-sensing methods. We begin by outlining the open questions within the LTI requiring high-quality in situ measurements, before reviewing directly observable parameters and their most important derivatives. The motivation for this review has arisen from the recent retention of the Daedalus mission as one among three competing mission candidates within the European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer 10 Programme. However, this paper intends to cover the LTI parameters such that it can be used as a background scientific reference for any mission targeting in situ observations of the LTI.
Peranan Kelompok Tani Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Usahatani Bawang Merah Di Desa Bumi Beringin
Authors: Enteding Trianto , Djamaluddin Ismail , Djafar Wiwin J 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Bumi Beringin Kecamatan Luwuk Utara. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah petani bawang merah yang termasuk dalam anggota kelompok tani. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata–rata pendapatan yang diterima sebesar Rp. 2.921.260/MT yang diperoleh dari rata–rata penerimaan sebesar Rp.7.464.000/MT dan rata–rata biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp. 4.542.740/MT dan R/C Ratio sebesar 1,64 hal ini berarti usahatani bawang merah di Desa Bumi Beringin layak untuk diusahakan. Berdasarkan analisis bahwa indikator kelas belajar sebesar 88% dan indikator unit produksi sebesar 81% tergolong dalam kategori sangat setuju. Indikator wahana kerja sama sebesar 77% tergolong kategori setuju, berarti kelompok tani berperan dalam usahatani bawang merah. Hasil pengujian chi square terhadap hubungan peranan kelompok tani terhadap pendapatan usahatani bawang merah sebesar 6,40 dan Nilai chi square tabel dari taraf nyata 5% atau 0,05 dengan derajat bebas (db) kedua sebesar 5,99. Jika chi square hitung lebih besar dari pada chi square tabel maka terdapat hubungan nyata antara peranan kelompok tani terhadap pendapatan usahatani bawang merah.
The research was conducted in Bumi Beringin Village, North Luwuk District. The sample study shallot farmers who were members of the farmer groups. The data obtained this study consisted of primary and secondary. The results show that the average income received was Rp. 2,921,260 / MT obtained from the average revenue of Rp. 7,464,000 / MT and average cost incurred is Rp. 4,542,740 / MT and R / C Ratio of 1.64, this means that shallot farming in Bumi Beringin Village feasible to be cultivated. Based on the analysis, the learning class indicator is 88% and the production unit indicator 81% classified as agree. The indicator for cooperation vehicles by 77% is classified as agree, meaning that the farmer group plays a role in shallot farming. The results of the chi square test on the relationship between the role of farmer groups on shallot farming income 6.40 and the chi square table value of the real level was 5% or 0.05 with the second degree of freedom (db) of 5.99. the calculated chi square is greater than the chi square table, there is significant relationship between the role of farmer groups on shallot farming income.
L’entre-deux identitaire dans les écritures migrantes : une rhétorique de la modernité
Authors: Tang Élodie Carine 
Published: February 2021

Élodie Carine Tang, dont Le roman féminin francophone de la migration vient de paraître aux éditions L’Harmattan, poursuit ici ses intérêts de recherche axés sur les écritures migrantes, le roman féminin postcolonial, et les pratiques scripturales contemporaines, où deux perspectives de deux écrivaines québécoises de souche étrangère se croisent : Ying Chen dans Les lettres chinoises; et Marie-Célie Agnant dans La dot de Sara. Celles-ci appartiennent au courant de l’écriture migrante qui a considérablement marqué les champs littéraire québécois à la fin du xxe siècle. Ces deux textes de fiction mettent en scène des personnages aux prises avec la réalité de l’immigration. Il s’ensuit de ce contact avec l’ailleurs un dilemme qui oscille entre le deuil des origines, et l’ouverture à une nouvelle naissance. La fiction mime ainsi subrepticement la relation qui s’institue entre l’immigré et le pays d’accueil. Pour faire coexister ces différents espaces culturels les écrivaines créent une position médiane qui réconcilie ces voix dissonantes. Ainsi, dans ce contexte, l’entre-deux identitaire n’est plus vécu comme une fragmentation, mais plutôt comme un enrichissement qui rejaillit de l’échange harmonieux entre diverses appartenances. L’esthétique du métis témoigne dès lors d’une nouvelle rhétorique qui délaisse les lieux communs, les clichés, les sentiers battus et s’inscrit dans ce sens dans la modernité.
Medievalismo. Na França, o giro de 2009
Authors: Ferré Vincent 
Published: February 2021

Como o termo medievalismo impôs-se em língua francesa para designar a recepção da idade média como equivalente ao termo Mittelalterrezeption e ao neomedievalismo? Será necessário voltar ao ano de 2009 e à organização, na França, de um colóquio intitulado Medievalismo modernidade da idade média (“Médiévalisme, modernité du Moyen Âge”), mais precisamente, ao castelo de Malbrouck e a Metz em novembro desse ano.
Analysis of Non-Uniform Current Distribution in Multi-Fingered and Low-Voltage-Triggered LVTSCR
Authors: Zhou Zijie , Jin Xiangliang , Wang Yang , Dong Peng , Peng Yan , Luo Jun 
Published: February 2021

Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (LDMOS-SCR) is usually used in Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection. LDMOS-SCR discharges current by parasitic SCR, but the MOS in it cannot work when parasitic SCR is stabilized. To further enhance the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) discharging capability of LDMOS-SCR, a novel high failure current LDMOS-SCR with 12 V operation voltage is fabricated and verified in a 0.18-um high-voltage Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process. Compared with conventional LDMOS-SCR, the novel LDMOS-SCR (LDMOS-SCR-R) introduced a heavily doped p-type region, which is located between the heavily doped n-type and p-type regions of Cathode and is connected with the gate. The adding p-well resistance can drop the voltage on the gate, and the gate with p-well resistance also has resistance and capacitance coupling effect. According to the results of the transmission line pulse test (TLP), the voltage applied to the gate by increasing the p-well resistance plays a major role in the device working mechanism. Under the same device size, LDMOS-SCR-R has higher It2 (8.6 A) than conventional LDMOS (2.21 A) or LDMOS-SCR (6.62 A) in TLP results. Compared with LDMOS-SCR, the failure current of LDMOS-SCR-R increases by 30 %, and the FOM of LDMOS-SCR-R increases by 34 %. The response of LDMOS-SCR-R is also faster than that of LDMOS-SCR under larger current conditions. In addition, the phenomenon in TLP results is consistent with simulation results. The proposed LDMOS-SCR-R can effectively increase failure current without affecting the device’s design window, and the additional p-type region will not increase the layout area.
A Novel Fitting Model for Practical AIS Abnormal Data Repair in Inland River
Authors: He Wei , Liu Xinlong , Chu Xiumin , Wang Zhiyuan , Fracz Pawel , Li Zhixiong 
Published: February 2021

Affected by the environment of inland waterway, an Automatic Identification System (AIS) collects lots of abnormal data, which significantly reduces the inland river navigation performance using AIS data. To this end, this paper aims to restore the AIS data by repairing the lost data points. By analysing enormous abnormal AIS data, the abnormal data were firstly divided into three types, i.e., the erroneous data, short-time lost data, and long-time lost data. Then, a cubic spline interpolation method was employed to deal with the erroneous data and short-time lost data. Meanwhile, a least square support vector machine method was utilized to repair the long-time lost data. Finally, field experiments were carried out to validate the applicability of the proposed method, and it is shown that the fitting model can repair the AIS data with an accuracy of more than 90 %.
Water Resources and Their Management in an Increasing Urban Demography: The Case of Dakar City in Senegal
Authors: Faye Cheikh 
Published: February 2021

The United Nations classifies Senegal as a water-poor country (less than 1000 m3 per capita of freshwater reserves) and about 20% of its population did not have access to a drinking water supply (estimates of 2015). Economic growth and the fight against poverty in Senegal depend essentially on the availability of water for the development of agricultural and industrial activities, in addition to satisfying domestic uses. As a developing country, Senegal’s human, monetary and institutional capacities are often limited to providing clean and sufficient water efficiently to its citizens. This article examines the management of water scarcity in the city of Dakar (capital of Senegal) in a context of increasing demography and urbanization. However, Senegal has sufficient water resources to meet the demand if the available resources are properly managed. As a result, several initiatives are under way in Senegal to mitigate water problems and protect the country’s water resources: reducing pollution, improving access to drinking water and setting up rational and equitable exploitation with a constant concern for sustainable development.
Livre-cadavre : corps stigmatisés et langue de la scène dans le théâtre de Romeo Castellucci
Authors: Mercier Amandine 
Published: February 2021

« Le livre est un cadavre. C’est une lettre morte, toujours et quoi qu’on fasse. Il a toujours été considéré comme une chose, un parallélépipède de papier […]. C’est en brisant le livre qu’on peut en retrouver le souffle vital » (Castellucci, 2001). Ainsi s’exprime Romeo Castellucci, metteur en scène contemporain italien, dont les créations sont marquées par l’absence ou la quasi-absence de texte sur scène. Quand texte il y a, il l’analyse avec précision et s’en sert comme matériau. Il déplace donc la notion de dramaturgie en procédant volontairement à une « destruction » du texte afin d’étouffer la langue pour la faire renaître autrement. Ainsi perçue, la scène permet à la langue de se délier, au langage de se libérer, et devient le lieu de surgissement d’une écriture nouvelle et d’une dramaturgie non textuelle mais de chair.
Réalité virtuelle et alternée dans la pratique de CREW_ERIC JORIS : mise en oscillation du corps immergé
Authors: Morin Julie-Michèle 
Published: February 2021

L’artiste belge Eric Joris, directeur artistique de la compagnie de théâtre CREW, explore les codes et la grammaire de la Réalité virtuelle dans le contexte des arts vivants. L’approche de la compagnie est fondée sur une compréhension exceptionnelle des phénomènes neurocognitifs qui découlent de l’expérience immersive. Ses oeuvres explorent la dimension sensorielle du corps immergé lorsqu’il se trouve en oscillation entre les environnements naturels et artificiels. Le travail de cette compagnie souligne non pas une opposition entre deux « mondes », mais bien un relai où le corps unifie la notion de réalité. Cet article vise à expliciter les stratégies dramaturgiques mises en place dans l’écriture sensorielle de ces oeuvres où le corps spectatoriel est transformé en véritable instance scénique. En s’appuyant sur unecaptation sensoriellede l’oeuvreC.A.P.E. Brussels, cette étude rend compte des stratégies immersives et contre-immersives mobilisées par l’artiste au sein de sa pratique en « réalité alternée ».
Caravane : quête poétique et anthropologique des gestes des Amériques
Authors: Alepin Francine 
Published: February 2021

Cet article présente les prémisses d’une recherche-création en cours et prend la forme d’un récit de pratique où sont présentées intuitions, hypothèses et assises théoriques qui guident le projet Caravane, une quête poétique et anthropologique des gestes des Amériques. Cette recherche-création scénique, autour des gestes liés aux cultures, s’inscrit dans une démarche interdisciplinaire en arts vivants favorisant la rencontre interculturelle et transculturelle d’artistes d’origines diverses des Amériques actuelles, lesquelles sont formées par les peuples fondateurs autochtones et par les continuelles migrations qui ont eu lieu au fil des millénaires et de l’histoire récente. La Caravane d’artistes, de mimes, d’acteur·trices et de danseur·euses participeront à une performance sans paroles, née d’un processus de création également basé sur le non verbal et le partage des gestes observés dans les divers territoires. Le regard ethnographique et poétique sur le geste lié à la culture pose les questions de l’altérité, de l’identité, de « l’être-avec » (Nancy, 2013).
Un regard sur la critique française : écrire sur la trilogie Le voile noir du pasteur de Romeo Castellucci
Authors: Cifarelli Marianna 
Published: February 2021

Quel rôle le critique peut-il avoir vis-à-vis des nouveaux langages de la scène théâtrale contemporaine? Comment le critique peut-il aborder, par l’écriture, des spectacles comme ceux de Romeo Castellucci où le langage scénique proposé échappe à la technè théâtrale traditionnelle? Cet article propose d’analyser la figure et le rôle du critique-spectateur face à l’un des artistes les plus controversés. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes intéressée en particulier à la façon dont la critique des quotidiens et des hebdomadaires français dans les années 2011-2013 a pris en charge les trois spectacles qui constituent la trilogie Le voile noir du pasteur : Sur le concept du visage du fils de Dieu (2010), Le voile noir du pasteur (2011) et The Four Seasons Restaurant (2012). Dans notre cas d’étude, le critique s’est avéré être un témoin de l’événement théâtral sans outils d’analyse aptes à traduire le langage scénique de Castellucci.
Phenotype characteristics of gastric epithelial mucus in patients with different gastric diseases: from superficial gastritis to gastric cancer
Authors: Dong Nannan , Guo Rui , Gong Yuehua , Yuan Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Background
Gastric gland mucin is important for maintaining the basic function of the gastric mucosa, protecting it from foreign substances and reducing the occurrence of gastric diseases. Exploring the phenotype of gastric gland mucus changes during the progression of gastric disease is of great clinical significance.

Methods
A total of 483 patients with different gastric diseases were collected in this study, including 82 superficial gastritis (SG), 81 atrophic gastritis (AG), 168 dysplasia (GD), and 152 gastric cancer (GC). Mucin staining was performed using HID-ABpH2.5-PAS method and was further grouped according to the mucin coloration.

Results
The phenotypic characteristics of mucin during disease progression were divided into neutral, acidic, and mucus-free types. Furthermore, acidic mucus can be divided into type I, type II, and type III. The SG group was dominated by neutral mucus (100%), and the AG was dominated by acid mucus (81.48%), which gradually increased with the severity of atrophy (P < 0.05). The GD and GC groups were dominated by mucus-free (43.45%, 78.29%), and as the degree of GD worsened, neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased and mucus-free increased (P < 0.001). From the SG, AG, GD, and GC progression, neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased, and mucus- free gradually increased. Acidic mucin revealed that type III (red-brown black) mucin was predominant in AG, GD, and GC, and increased with the degree of AG, GD, as well as the biological behavior of GC. In the lesion adjacent to high-grade GD or GC, type III acid mucin is predominant.

Conclusion
There were three mucin phenotypes in the process of gastric diseases. With the disease progression, the trend of phenotypic change was that neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased and mucus-free increased. The appearance of type III mucin suggested a relatively serious phase of gastric diseases and may be a more suitable candidate for follow-up monitoring of patients with GC risk.