bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the potential of Angiosperms353 for population genomic studies
Authors: Slimp Madeline , Williams Lindsay D. , Hale Haley , Johnson Matthew G. 
Published: May 2021

PREMISEThe successful application of universal targeted sequencing markers, such as those developed for the Angiosperms353 probe set, within populations could reduce or eliminate the need for specific marker development, while retaining the benefits of full‐gene sequences in population‐level analyses. However, whether the Angiosperms353 markers provide sufficient variation within species to calculate demographic parameters is untested.METHODSUsing herbarium specimens from a 50‐year‐old floristic survey in Texas, we sequenced 95 samples from 24 species using the Angiosperms353 probe set. Our data workflow calls variants within species and prepares data for population genetic analysis using standard metrics. In our case study, gene recovery was affected by genomic library concentration only at low concentrations and displayed limited phylogenetic bias.RESULTSWe identified over 1000 segregating variants with zero missing data for 92% of species and demonstrate that Angiosperms353 markers contain sufficient variation to estimate pairwise nucleotide diversity (π)—typically between 0.002 and 0.010, with most variation found in flanking non‐coding regions. In a subset of variants that were filtered to reduce linkage, we uncovered high heterozygosity in many species, suggesting that denser sampling within species should permit estimation of gene flow and population dynamics.DISCUSSIONAngiosperms353 should benefit conservation genetic studies by providing universal repeatable markers, low missing data, and haplotype information, while permitting inclusion of decades‐old herbarium specimens.
A semiconductor/molecular catalyst hybrid photoanode with FeOOH as an electron transfer relay
Authors: Zhao Zhifeng , Liu Guoquan , Zhu Yong , Gao Hua , Li Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA Fe2O3/FeOOH/poly‐Ru(bda)(vpy) (bda = 2,2’‐bipyridine‐6,6’‐dicarboxylate,vpy = 4‐vinylpyridine) photoanode has been fabricated by electropolymerization of molecular Ru(bda)(vpy) catalyst on FeOOH modified Fe2O3, in which a thin layer of FeOOH replicates the role of tyrosine residue in PSII as an efficient electron transfer mediator. The ternary hybrid photoanode produced a 2.4 times higher photocurrent density than that of previously reported Fe2O3/poly‐Ru(bda)(vpy) under AM 1.5 G illumination and displayed a negative shift on the onset potential by 100 mV. In addition, the Fe2O3/FeOOH/poly‐Ru(bda)(vpy) exhibited long‐term stability for at least 10 h with a Faraday efficiency of ∼96%. The high performance shown here was attributed to the improved charge separation between excited semiconductor and the catalyst caused by FeOOH mediated electron transfer on the electrode surface.
Further evaluating interobserver reliability and accuracy with and without structured visual‐inspection criteria
Authors: Cox Alison D. , Zonneveld Kimberley L. M. , Tardi Laura D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVisual inspection is the primary method of interpreting functional analysis (FA) outcomes, even though it has occasionally been criticized for producing low levels of interobserver agreement. Researchers have addressed this issue by creating structured visual‐inspection criteria to guide visual inspection of FA outcomes (e.g., Hagopian et al., 1997, https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1997.30‐313; Roane et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.13). The purpose of the current study was to systematically replicate and extend Study 1 of Roane et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.13). We did this by evaluating the reliability and accuracy of 15 novice participants’ visual inspection of 84 FA graphs with and without the modified visual‐inspection criteria developed by Roane et al. Accuracy was markedly higher when participants used the modified visual‐inspection criteria relative to when they used traditional visual‐inspection strategies, while we observed more modest increases in reliability coefficients. Results are discussed in the context of practical and clinical implications of the modified visual‐inspection criteria and suggestions for future research.
Acquisition and generalization of divergent intraverbal responses in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Thakore Aarti , Petursdottir Anna Ingeborg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the effects of intraverbal instruction with a fluency training component on the acquisition of divergent intraverbal responding and generalization to function, feature, and class (FFC) questions with two children (6 and 8 years old) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The instructional targets were chosen based on a conceptual analysis of prerequisite relations that were likely to be sufficient for intraverbal emergence to occur. It was expected that with these prerequisites in place, direct teaching of a subset of divergent intraverbal responses might generalize across FFC questions. In baseline, participants emitted three or fewer intraverbal responses to most questions. Instruction with tact prompts and transfer‐of‐control trials initially produced only small increases in intraverbal responding, whereas the addition of fluency training quickly produced criterion‐level performance. Further, both participants demonstrated generalization to untrained FFC questions. Pre‐ and post‐tests revealed concomitant increases in responses to reverse intraverbal FFC questions and FFC questions presented in an intraverbal webbing format.
Exploring the effects of gamification on students with rote learning background while learning computer programming
Authors: Tasadduq Mamoona , Khan M. Salman , Nawab Rao M. A. , Jamal M. Hassan , Chaudhry M. Tayyab 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGamification has gained much popularity in recent years in the field of education. The use of gaming elements, such as points, badges, and leaderboards, is suggested to increase motivation, which, in turn, leads to performance improvement. However, studies suggest that it is not a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach and needs to be tailored based on the environment and learner's psychology to achieve effective results. This study evaluates the use of gamification in a cultural context where most students come from rote learning backgrounds. First‐year university students, in their programming module, were evaluated by analyzing their class effort, satisfaction, social comparison, performance, and intrinsic motivation. The students were divided into two balanced groups: gamified group and nongamified group. Students in the gamified group were required to submit their programming assignments through an online gamified tool, while the nongamified group submitted their assignments using the traditional way. Results showed no significant difference in class effort, satisfaction, social comparison, and motivation between both groups over time. However, the gamified group performed significantly better in assignments as compared to the nongamified group. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between the scores of two exams conducted at two different time points for the gamified group.
A testbed and a simulation laboratory for training engineering students in optical access network technologies
Authors: Merayo Noemi , Aguado Juan C. , de Miguel Ignacio , Durán Ramón J. , Fernández Patricia , Lorenzo Rubén M. , Abril Evaristo J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEngineering profiles focused on next‐generation optical networks are gaining immense importance due to new emerging services and the amount of data expected in future network scenarios. In fact, not only are optical access networks leading to a major revolution in the network industry, but passive optical networks are the most widely deployed access networks worldwide today. This should be a strong incentive for universities to train their students in these innovative and recent technologies. In this vein, we propose the deployment of an optical communication laboratory with on‐site experimental sessions in which students work with commercial equipment and realistic working environments. These working environments are necessary to train professionals in the area of optical networks. However, due to the high cost of the optical communications equipment, it is not possible to have a working place for each group and we combine these experimental sessions with some simulation sessions to complete the training. We present the design of this lab and a qualitative and quantitative study aimed at analyzing students’ experiences, the skills they have acquired, and the potential impact on their future careers. This study shows that students have a very positive perception of the lab, emphasizing that working with real equipment helps them improve technical skills and assimilate theoretical knowledge. They also point out they would like a higher number of subjects in their degrees to employ this type of lab. Finally, students perceive these sessions as very useful for their professional future.
LncRNA DANCR improves the dysfunction of the intestinal barrier and alleviates epithelial injury by targeting the miR‐1306‐5p/PLK1 axis in sepsis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhong Changshun , Cao Yingya , Yin Hongzhen , Shen Guanggui , Lu Weihua , Ding Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntestinal barrier dysfunction often occurs in various acute or chronic pathological conditions and has been identified as an important clinical problem. Herein, we explored the biological role and molecular mechanism of Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) and differentiation antagonizing non‐protein coding RNA (DANCR) in intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by sepsis. RT‐qPCR analysis was used to examine PLK1, miR‐1306‐5p, and DANCR expression in NCM460 cells after LPS treatment. TUNEL assay and Western blot analysis were performed to explore PLK1 function in cell apoptosis and intestinal barrier in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Western blot analysis, and TUNEL assay were used to investigate DANCR function in the intestinal barrier and cell apoptosis in vivo. The interaction between miR‐1306‐5p and PLK1 (or DANCR) was validated by luciferase reporter assay. As a result, PLK1 overexpression decreased cell apoptosis and promoted intestinal barrier function. Moreover, DANCR was validated as a sponge of miR‐1306‐5p to target PLK1. In addition, we found that DANCR overexpression decreased intestinal mucosal permeability and colon mucosa epithelial cell apoptosis in vivo. Conclusively, DANCR improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and alleviated epithelial injury by targeting the miR‐1306‐5p/PLK1 axis in sepsis.
Case report—An unusual diagnosis of a gastric phytobezoar in a middle‐aged woman
Authors: Chineka Rumbidzai , Mukosera Tongesai , Dzvanga Narcisious , Gwanda Brian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA gastric phytobezoar is an uncommon finding. The most frequent symptoms are dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting (Gastroenterology Report, 7, 2019, 74). It is an important differential to remember in patients with risk factors for developing phytobezoars because phytobezoars can be managed conservatively in most cases.
Boosting Hydrogen Evolution on MoS2/CNT Modified by Poly(sodium‐p–styrene sulfonate) via Proton Concentration in Acid Solution
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Dai Yuxue , Wang Xueying , Ren Xiang , Luo Chuannan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEngineering the surface and the electronic structure of electrocatalysts is a typical and effective strategy to enhance their catalytic performance. Herein, MoS2 grown on carbon nanotubes (MoS2/CNT) were synthesized through a hydrothermal process, then certain polyelectrolytes were absorbed onto the surface, including poly(sodium‐p‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The negatively charged groups of PSS could enrich the surrounding H+ in the acid electrolyte via electrostatic interaction, which greatly improved the catalytic performance of PSS‐MoS2/CNT. Moreover, the introduction of carbon nanotubes not only improved the conductivity of the electrocatalyst, but also prevented the agglomeration of MoS2 nanosheets. Therefore, PSS‐MoS2/CNT displayed the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. It only required 114 mV to obtain the current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 46.05 mV ⋅ dec−1. Different polyelectrolytes were also used to modify MoS2/CNT to verify the factors to affect the HER performance of MoS2/CNT. This strategy provides a practicable direction of the synthesis of efficient, low‐cost and environmentally‐friendly electrocatalysts for HER.
Irrigation requirements for establishing seeded tall fescue and bermudagrass cultivars in the transition zone
Authors: Sandor Daniel , Carr Tyler , Karcher Douglas , Richardson Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is limited information regarding specific irrigation volumes required for establishing turfgrasses from seed, potentially leading many to overwater during establishment. The objectives of the following studies were to evaluate the impacts of irrigation volume and genetic drought resistance on the establishment of seeded tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) cultivars in the transition zone. Two separate studies were conducted at the Milo J. Shult Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, AR. Tall fescue cultivars Penn RK4, a drought‐resistant cultivar, and Rebel Exeda were seeded and irrigated daily at 50, 75, 100, or 125% reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for 28 days in replicate trials. A second study evaluated seeded bermudagrass cultivars Princess 77, a drought‐resistant cultivar, and Sahara II, using the same irrigation regime for 28 days, in replicate trials. Daily irrigation replacing 50% ETo exhibited slower establishment compared to 100% ETo by an average of 11 and 2 days for tall fescue and bermudagrass, respectively. Irrigating at 75 and 100% ETo exhibited similar establishment for tall fescue and in 1 of 2 years for bermudagrass. In both studies, establishment rates did not differ when irrigating ≥100% ETo. Cultivars with known genetic drought resistance at maturity did not exhibit enhanced establishment rates under reduced irrigation regimes. These findings suggest daily irrigation replacing 100% ETo is favorable for establishing seeded cultivars of tall fescue and bermudagrass in the transition zone, and is a practical strategy for water‐conservation efforts.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of Alkyl Aldehydes: Synthesis of Ketones, Esters, Amides, and α‐Ketoamides
Authors: Li Tingting , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA widely applicable approach was developed to synthesize ketones, esters, amides via the oxidative C−C bond cleavage of readily available alkyl aldehydes. Green and abundant molecular oxygen (O2) was used as the oxidant, and base metals (cobalt and copper) were used as the catalysts. This strategy can be extended to the one‐pot synthesis of ketones from primary alcohols and α‐ketoamides from aldehydes.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ternary Indium/Tin/Aluminum Oxide Thin Films, Their Characterization and Transistor Performance under Illumination.
Authors: Büschges M. Isabelle , Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Regoutz Anna , Schlueter Christoph , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultilayered heterostructures comprising of In2O3, SnO2, and Al2O3 were studied for their application in thin‐film transistors (TFT). The compositional influence of tin oxide on the properties of the thin‐film, as well as on the TFT characteristics is investigated. The heterostructures are fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 200 °C, employing trimethylindium (TMI), tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn), trimethylaluminum (TMA), and water as precursors. After post‐deposition annealing at 400 °C the thin‐films are found to be amorphous, however, they show a discrete layer structure of the individual oxides of uniform film thickness and high optical transparency in the visible region. Incorporation of only two monolayers of Al2O3 in the active semiconducting layer the formation of oxygen vacancies can be effectively suppressed, resulting in an improved semiconducting and switching behavior. The heterostacks comprising of In2O3/SnO2/Al2O3 are incorporated into TFT devices, exhibiting a saturation field‐effect mobility (μsat) of 2.0 cm2 ⋅ V−1 s−1, a threshold‐voltage (Vth) of 8.6 V, a high current on/off ratio (IOn/IOff) of 1.0×107, and a subthreshold swing (SS) of 485 mV ⋅ dec−1. The stability of the TFT under illumination is also altered to a significant extent. A change in the transfer characteristic towards conductive behavior is evident when illuminated with light of an energy of 3.1 eV (400 nm).
Merging Molecular Recognition and Gold(I) Catalysis with Triphoscalix[6]arene Ligands
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Giovanardi Gabriele , Secchi Andrea , Arduini Arturo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of novel triphosphine calix[6]arene ligands. These supramolecular wheels, with recognition features governed by the hydrogen‐bonding domain, were employed to synthesize multitasking trinuclear gold(I) complexes as a new platform for the synthesis of interwoven (pseudo)rotaxane species. In parallel, the multivalent, metal‐bonded upper rim displayed catalytic features promoting highly selective gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of 1,6‐enynes.
Enantioselective Protonation of Cyclic Carbonyl Ylides by Chiral Lewis Acid Assisted Alcohols
Authors: Toda Yasunori , Yoshida Takayuki , Arisue Kaoru , Fukushima Kazuaki , Esaki Hiroyoshi , Kikuchi Ayaka , Suga Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChiral Lewis acid‐catalyzed asymmetric alcohol addition reactions to cyclic carbonyl ylides generated from N‐(α‐diazocarbonyl)‐2‐oxazolidinones featuring a dual catalytic system are reported. Construction of a chiral quaternary heteroatom‐substituted carbon center was accomplished in which the unique heterobicycles were obtained in good yields with high stereoselection. The alcohol adducts were successfully converted to optically active oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones by hydrolysis. Mechanistic studies by DFT calculations revealed that alcohols could be activated by Lewis acids, enabling enantioselective protonation of the carbonyl ylides.
Analyse der Partikelbildung aus der Elektrospray‐Flammensprühpyrolyse mittels Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer
Authors: Bierwirth Malte , Olszok Vinzent , Ganesan Varun Aiyar , Poostforooshan Jalal , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDie elektrohydrodynamische Zerstäubung von flüssigen Präkursoren gekoppelt mit der Flammensprühpyrolyse erlaubt die Synthese von verschiedenartigen, metalloxidischen Nanopartikel. Ein Aufbau bestehend aus einem definiert verfahrbaren Brenner und einer Probennahme in der Flamme eröffnet dabei die Möglichkeit der Erfassung von Partikelgrößenverteilungen entlang der Flammenhöhe. Die Bildung von Eisenoxid‐ und Siliziumdioxid‐Partikel in einer Flamme konnte so mithilfe eines 1nm‐SMPS‐Aufbaus (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) auch in den Frühstadien der Partikelbildung erfasst werden. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass auch für einfache Präkursorlösungen bei hinreichend kleinen Tropfen hochwertige, homogene Nanopulver erzeugt werden können.
Intelligent Characterization of Lentil Genetic Resources: Evolutionary History, Genetic Diversity of Germplasm, and the Need for Well‐Represented Collections
Authors: Guerra‐García Azalea , Gioia Tania , von Wettberg Eric , Logozzo Giuseppina , Papa Roberto , Bitocchi Elena , Bett Kirstin E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe genetic and phenotypic characterization of crops allows us to elucidate their evolutionary and domestication history, the genetic basis of important traits, and the use of variation present in landraces and wild relatives to enhance resilience. In this context, we aim to provide an overview of the main genetic resources developed for lentil and their main outcomes, and to suggest protocols for continued work on this important crop. Lens culinaris is the third‐most‐important cool‐season grain and its use is increasing as a quick‐cooking, nutritious, plant‐based source of protein. L. culinaris was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent, and six additional wild taxa (L. orientalis, L. tomentosus, L. odemensis, L. lamottei, L. ervoides, and L. nigricans) are recognized. Numerous genetic diversity studies have shown that wild relatives present high levels of genetic variation and provide a reservoir of alleles that can be used for breeding programs. Furthermore, the integration of genetics/genomics and breeding techniques has resulted in identification of quantitative trait loci and genes related to attributes of interest. Genetic maps, massive genotyping, marker‐assisted selection, and genomic selection are some of the genetic resources generated and applied in lentil. In addition, despite its size (∼4 Gbp) and complexity, the L. culinaris genome has been assembled, allowing a deeper understanding of its architecture. Still, major knowledge gaps exist in lentil, and a deeper understanding and characterization of germplasm resources, including wild relatives, is critical to lentil breeding and improvement. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Recording of lentil seed descriptorsBasic Protocol 2: Lentil seed imagingBasic Protocol 3: Lentil seed increaseBasic Protocol 4: Recording of primary lentil seed INCREASE descriptors
Governing a multilevel and cross‐sectoral climate policy implementation network
Authors: Wagner Paul M. , Torney Diarmuid , Ylä‐Anttila Tuomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor national governments to meet their international climate change obligations they need to develop and implement plans that involve coordinating the actions of local, regional and national level actors from across multiple sectors. When this occurs, it can lead to the formation of a policy implementation network. Surprisingly, there is a limited understanding of the characteristics of the members of such networks, the structure of the multi‐level and cross‐sectoral ties among them, and about how they relate to how these networks are governed. This paper initiates the development of such knowledge by calculating a variety of network statistics to analyse the policy implementation network formed to carry out Ireland's signature climate policy—The Climate Action Plan 2019. Results show that national level actors dominate, and that cross‐level and cross‐sectoral collaboration are limited. The plan is governed by a network administrative organisation (NAO), with the Department of the Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister) filling the role. How the network is structured and governed increases the likelihood that the network will be stable, have a unity of purpose and be able to meet its objectives. However, the dominance of national‐level actors and its centralized structure are likely to make it challenging for the NAO to gain the support of local‐level actors. This paper's methodological approach can be applied in other contexts to understand inter‐actor relations and how these affect the responsibilities, challenges and opportunities of the actors involved in the implementation of a national environmental policy.