bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early use of Antibiotics for at Risk CHildren with InfluEnza-like illness (ARCHIE): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wang Kay , Semple Malcolm G. , Moore Michael , Hay Alastair D. , Tonner Sharon , Galal Ushma , Grabey Jenna , Carver Tricia , Perera Rafael , Yu Ly-Mee , Mollison Jill , Little Paul , Farmer Andrew , Butler Christopher C. , Harnden Anthony 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe UK government stockpiles co-amoxiclav to treat bacterial complications during influenza pandemics. This pragmatic trial examines whether early co-amoxiclav use reduces reconsultation due to clinical deterioration in “at risk” children presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in primary or ambulatory care.Methods“At risk” children aged from 6 months to 12 years presenting within 5 days of ILI onset were randomly assigned to oral co-amoxiclav 400/57 or a placebo twice daily for 5 days (dosing based on age±weight). “At risk” groups included children with respiratory, cardiac and neurological conditions. Randomisation was stratified by region and used a non-deterministic minimisation algorithm to balance age and current seasonal influenza vaccination status. Our target sample size was 650 children which would have allowed us to detect a reduction in the proportion of children reconsulting due to clinical deterioration from 40% to 26%, with 90% power and 5% two-tailed alpha error (including allowance for 25% loss to follow-up and an inflation factor of 1.041). Participants, caregivers and investigators were blinded to treatment allocation. Intention-to-treat analysis included all randomised participants with primary outcome data on reconsultation due to clinical deterioration within 28 days. Safety analysis included all randomised participants. Trial registration:ISRCTN 70714783. EudraCT 2013-002822-21.ResultsWe recruited 271 children between February 11, 2015 and April 20, 2018. Primary outcome data were available for 265 children. Only 61 out of 265 children (23.0%) reconsulted due to clinical deterioration. No evidence of a treatment effect was observed for reconsultation due to clinical deterioration (33 out of 133 for co-amoxiclav (24.8%) and 28 out of 132 (21.2%) for placebo; adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–1.80). There was also no evidence of a difference between groups in the proportion of children for whom one or more adverse events (AEs) were reported (32 out of 136 (23.5%) for co-amoxiclav and 22 out of 135 (16.3%) for placebo; adjusted RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.90–2.34). In total, 66 AEs were reported (co-amoxiclav, n=37; placebo, n=29). Nine serious AEs were reported per group, although none were considered related to study medication.ConclusionOur trial did not find evidence that treatment with co-amoxiclav reduces risk of reconsultation due to clinical deterioration in “at risk” children who present early with ILI during influenza season. Our findings therefore do not support early co-amoxiclav use in children with seasonal ILI.
SHARP: enabling generation of real-world evidence on a pan-European scale to improve the lives of individuals with severe asthma
Authors: van Bragt Job J.M.H. , Hansen Susanne , Djukanovic Ratko , Bel Elisabeth H.D. , ten Brinke Anneke , Wagers Scott S. , Maitland-van der Zee Anke H. , Porsbjerg Celeste 
Published: March 2021

Real-world evidence is important to help unravel unanswered problems in severe asthma and is valuable to better understand the patient experience and common clinical practice.
The Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Registry, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration is created as a network of national registries and severe asthma centres that work together to perform registry based real-world research and clinical studies on a pan-European scale.
Such collaboration requires a new, innovative design to overcome the many issues that arise with large-scale data collection across national borders. SHARP has developed a platform that offers a federated analysis approach where national registry data are transformed and integrated into a common data model (CDM). The CDM then allows a local analysis of de-identified patient data and subsequent aggregate (meta-)analysis. To facilitate an easily accessible way to set up new registries, SHARP enables new registries to take part in a central database, based on already proven technology. Next to being economical, this linkage ensures data from different SHARP central members to be comparable.
Technological advancements lead to an ever-expanding rate of patient data that will be collected; with the collective effort of the pan-European severe asthma research community SHARP hopes to ensure that they are well equipped to enter a new era of medical research, with the ultimate goal to positively impact the lives of patients with severe asthma.
Multi-Branch Cable Harness Layout Design Based on Genetic Algorithm with Probabilistic Roadmap Method
Authors: Zhao Yingfeng , Liu Jianhua , Ma Jiangtao , Wu Linlin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrent studies on cable harness layouts have mainly focused on cable harness route planning. However, the topological structure of a cable harness is also extremely complex, and the branch structure of the cable harness can affect the route of the cable harness layout. The topological structure design of the cable harness is a key to such a layout. In this paper, a novel multi-branch cable harness layout design method is presented, which unites the probabilistic roadmap method (PRM) and the genetic algorithm. First, the engineering constraints of the cable harness layout are presented. An obstacle-based PRM used to construct non-interference and near to the surface roadmap is then described. In addition, a new genetic algorithm is proposed, and the algorithm structure of which is redesigned. In addition, the operation probability formula related to fitness is proposed to promote the efficiency of the branch structure design of the cable harness. A prototype system of a cable harness layout design was developed based on the method described in this study, and the method is applied to two scenarios to verify that a quality cable harness layout can be efficiently obtained using the proposed method. In summary, the cable harness layout design method described in this study can be used to quickly design a reasonable topological structure of a cable harness and to search for the corresponding routes of such a harness.
Resource integration optimization of convenience service platforms adopting dynamic service modes in new retail
Authors: Yang Yang , Yao Jianming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the key issues of resource integration, and proposes a method for solving the problem of achieving efficient resource integration for convenience service platforms that adopt dynamic service modes. This method considers both the service level of collaborative resources under dynamic service modes, and collaborative resources’ satisfaction of service modes in the resource integration. In addition, dominant factors needing the most attention during resource integration under dynamic service modes are excavated. Moreover, a model for resource integration optimization is established, and ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, a case is used to verify the feasibility of the method.
Study of factors influencing the encrustation of indwelling catheters: prospective case series
Authors: Kalpande Sanket , Saravanan P. R. , Saravanan K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Long-term catheterisation is frequently necessary for patients with retention of urine or intractable incontinence who are unfit for definitive treatment or being evaluated for definitive treatment. In this study, the important factors influencing the encrustation of indwelling catheters are analysed.

Methods
A total of 52 patients on catheter drainage for a period ranging from 1 month to 1 year were taken in the study. Patients reported either for problems like catheter block or routine changing of catheter. The catheters were removed, and encrustation was subjected to chemical analysis. Urine was examined for pH, specific gravity, culture sensitivity and appearance. Blood samples were taken for estimation of calcium, phosphorus and uric acid.

Results
Out of 52 patients, 28 with urea splitting and 15 with non-urea splitting had positive urine culture (43 out of 52). Amongst 28, 27 (96%) had encrustation compared to 10 (50%) out of 15 with non-urea splitting bacteria (p value < .05). Amongst 24 patients having pH > 6, 22 (92%) had encrustation (p value < .05). The encrustation was found to be more common in bedridden patients (91%) when compared to physically active patients (54%) (p value < .05). The encrustation was more common in patients having single catheter for more than 15 days (86%) when compared to patients having catheter for shorter period (43%) (p value < .05).

Conclusion
This study showed definitive influence of the following factors in encrustation formation: infection with urea splitting organism, alkaline pH, physical activity of patient and duration of keeping a particular catheter.
Price discrimination in informal labor markets in Bogotá: an audit experiment during the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Zamora Paula , Mantilla César , Blanco Mariana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe conducted an audit experiment to examine whether street vendors in Bogotá (Colombia) exert price discrimination based on buyers’ attributes, such as gender and nationality, and based on product characteristics, such as the increasing marginal valuation of items needed to complete a collection. We exploited the seasonal demand for album stickers related to the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018. In our within-subjects design, experimenters carried out in-person audits and quoted a pre-determined list of missing stickers. They interacted with 59 sticker vendors located in five geographic clusters and collected 287 vendor–buyer interactions. We find that prices quoted to foreign buyers are higher than prices quoted to Colombian buyers. By contrast, we do neither find evidence supporting direct gender-based discrimination, nor that vendors charge a higher price per sticker when the list of missing stickers is shorter. We complement the study with a qualitative analysis based on interviews that reveal vendors’ pricing strategies, their awareness of price discrimination, and the trade of counterfeits. The qualitative results suggest that price discrimination appears to be unconscious.
AlphaPart—R implementation of the method for partitioning genetic trends
Authors: Obšteter Jana , Holl Justin , Hickey John M. , Gorjanc Gregor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper, we present the AlphaPart R package, an open-source implementation of a method for partitioning breeding values and genetic trends to identify the contribution of selection pathways to genetic gain. Breeding programmes improve populations for a set of traits, which can be measured with a genetic trend calculated from estimated breeding values averaged by year of birth. While sources of the overall genetic gain are generally known, their realised contributions are hard to quantify in complex breeding programmes. The aim of this paper is to present the AlphaPart R package and demonstrate it with a simulated stylized multi-tier breeding programme mimicking a pig or poultry breeding programme.ResultsThe package includes the main partitioning function AlphaPart, that partitions the breeding values and genetic trends by pre-defined selection paths, and a set of functions for handling data and results. The package is freely available from the CRAN repository athttp://CRAN.R-project.org/package=AlphaPart. We demonstrate the use of the package by partitioning the nucleus and multiplier genetic gain of the stylized breeding programme by tier-gender paths. For traits measured and selected in the multiplier, the multiplier selection generated additional genetic gain. By using AlphaPart, we show that the additional genetic gain depends on accuracy and intensity of selection in the multiplier and the extent of gene flow from the nucleus. We have proven that AlphaPart is a valuable tool for understanding the sources of genetic gain in the nucleus and especially the multiplier, and the relationship between the sources and parameters that affect them.ConclusionsAlphaPart implements the method for partitioning breeding values and genetic trends and provides a useful tool for quantifying the sources of genetic gain in breeding programmes. The use of AlphaPart will help breeders to improve genetic gain through a better understanding of the key selection points that are driving gains in each trait.
Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat
Authors: Algammal Abdelazeem M. , Elsayed Mahmoud E. , Hashem Hany R. , Ramadan Hazem , Sheraba Norhan S. , El-Diasty Eman M. , Abbas Sarah M. , Hetta Helal F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeat-products are considered an enriched media for mycotoxins. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxigenicAspergillusspecies in processed meat samples, HPLC-quantitative measurement of aflatoxin B1and ochratoxin A residues, and molecular sequencing ofaflR1andpksgenes. One hundred and twenty processed beef meat specimens (basterma, sausage, and minced meat;n = 40 for each) were collected from Ismailia Province, Egypt. Samples were prepared for total mold count, isolation, and identification ofAspergillusspecies. All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification ofAspergillus flavusandAspergillus ochraceuswas performed using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; furthermore, theaflR1andpksgenes were sequenced.ResultsThe total mold count obtained from sausage samples was the highest one, followed by minced meat samples. The prevalence ofA. flavuswas (15%), (7.5%), and (10%), while the prevalence ofA. ochraceuswas (2.5%), (10%), and (0%) in the examined basterma, sausage, and minced meat samples, respectively. Using PCR, the ITS region was successfully amplified in all the testedA. flavusandA. ochraceusstrains. Aflatoxin B1was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples (10%). TheaflR1andpksgenes were amplified and sequenced successfully and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MF694264 and MF694264, respectively.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1and ochratoxin A in processed beef meat in Egypt. The production of aflatoxin B1and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1is commonly associated with basterma samples. Moreover, ochratoxin A was detected frequently in sausage samples. The routine inspection of mycotoxins in processed meat products is essential to protect human consumers.
Outcome after polyaxial locking plate osteosynthesis in proximal tibia fractures: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Völk Dominik , Neumaier Markus , Einhellig Heike , Biberthaler Peter , Hanschen Marc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and/or radiologic outcome using different polyaxial locking plates for the treatment of proximal tibia fractures, the Non-Contact-Briding plate (NCB-PT®) by Zimmer or the Variable Angle Locking Compression Plate (VA-LCP®) by Synthes.MethodsThis study enrolled 28 patients with proximal tibia fractures (AO/ OTA 41 B-C) and indication for locking plate osteosynthesis. All patients were treated with a polyaxial locking plate system. Depending on the fracture morphology, patients were either treated with a NCB-PT® or VA-LCP®. The implant was chosen according to the surgeon’s experience and preference, in case of a higher degree of comminution the tendency was observed to use the NCB-PT® plate. After a time interval of 12 months postoperative we conducted clinical (e.g.exempli gratia range of motion, the Rasmussen score) and radiological (e.g. primary/secondary loss of reduction) follow-ups.ResultsPatients provided with the NCB-PT® (9 patients) showed longer operation time, use of longer implants, longer interval from injury to surgery and lower clinical scores after the 12 months follow-up compared with the VA-LCP® group (19 patients). Interestingly, the results showed no significant differences regarding the clinical and radiologic outcome.ConclusionsThe small number of patients as well as the heterogeneity of fractures constitute a limitation of this study. Nevertheless, the differentiated use of implants is associated with comparable clinical and radiological outcomes. This trial emphasizes the need for further prospective randomised trials with higher patient numbers.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered 21.12.2020. Registration numberNCT04680247.
Up-regulation of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas
Authors: Shirian Farzad Izak , Ghorbani Mohammad , Khamseh Mohammad E. , Imani Mehrnaz , Panahi Mahshid , Alimohammadi Alimohammad , Nourbakhsh Mitra , Salimi Vahid , Tavakoli-Yaraki Masoumeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pituitary adenomas are benign brain tumors that cause considerable morbidity and neurological symptoms. SOX9 as a regulatory transcriptional mediator affects normal and tumor cell growth with an undefined role in pituitary adenomas pathogenesis. Thus, in the present study, the expression pattern of SOX9 in GH-secreting pituitary tumors and normal pituitary tissues is investigated.

Methods
The SOX9 gene expression level was evaluated in 60 pituitary tissues including different types of GH-secreting adenomas and normal pituitary tissues through Real-Time PCR. The protein level of SOX9 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The correlations of SOX9 gene and protein expression level with the patient’s clinical and pathological features were considered.

Results
The SOX9 over-expression was detected in GH-secreting adenomas tumor tissues compared to normal pituitary tissues which were accompanied by overexpression of SOX9 protein in tumor tissues. The over-expression of SOX9 had a significant impact on GH-secreting adenomas tumor incidence with the odds ratio of 8.4 and the diagnostic value of SOX9 was considerable. The higher level of SOX9 expression was associated with invasive and macro tumors in GH-secreting pituitary adenoma patients. The positive correlation of SOX9 gene and protein level was observed and the tumor size and tumor invasive features were valuable in predicting SOX9 expression level in GH-producing pituitary tumors.

Conclusion
The study provided the first shreds of evidence regarding the expression pattern of SOX9 in the GH- secreting pituitary adenomas at both gene and protein levels which may emphasize the possible involvement of SOX9 as a mediator in pituitary adenoma tumor formation also open up new intrinsic molecular mechanism regarding pituitary adenoma pathogenesis.
Resource allocation across the dementia continuum: a mixed methods study examining decision making on optimal dementia care among health and social care professionals
Authors: Keogh Fiona , Pierse Tom , Challis David , O’Shea Eamon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The understanding of appropriate or optimal care is particularly important for dementia, characterised by multiple, long-term, changing needs and the increasing expectations of people using services. However, the response of health and social care services is limited by resource constraints in most countries. This study sought to determine the optimal level, mix and cost of services for different dementia case types across the dementia continuum, and to better understand the resource allocation decision making process among health and social care professionals (HSCPs).

Methods
A balance of care framework was applied to the study questions and developed in three ways; firstly by considering optimality across the course of dementia and not just at the margin with residential care; secondly, through the introduction of a fixed budget to reveal constrained optimisation strategies; and thirdly through the use of a mixed methods design whereby qualitative data was collected at workshops using nominal group technique and analysed to obtain a more detailed understanding of the decision-making process. Twenty four HSCPs from a variety of disciplines participated in the resource allocation decision-making exercise.

Results
HSCPs differentiated between case type severity; providing 2.6 times more resources to case types with higher level needs than those with lower level needs. When a resource constraint was introduced there was no evidence of any disproportionate rationing of services on the basis of need, i.e. more severe case types were not favoured over less severe case types. However, the fiscal constraint led to a much greater focus on meeting physical and clinical dependency needs through conventional social care provision. There was less emphasis on day care and psychosocial provision when resources were scarcer following the introduction of a fixed budget constraint.

Conclusions
HSCPs completed complex resource allocation exercises for people with dementia, including expected differentiation across case type severity. When rationing was introduced, HSCPs did not discriminate in favour of case types with high levels of need. They did, however, support conventional home care provision over psychosocial care, although participants were still keen to provide some residual cover for the latter, especially for case types that might benefit.
The lobular neoplasia enigma: management and prognosis in a long follow-up case series
Authors: Metovic Jasna , Abate Simona Osella , Borella Fulvio , Vissio Elena , Bertero Luca , Mariscotti Giovanna , Durando Manuela , Senetta Rebecca , Ala Ada , Benedetto Chiara , Sapino Anna , Cassoni Paola , Castellano Isabella 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Many oncologists debate if lobular neoplasia (LN) is a risk factor or an obligatory precursor of more aggressive disease. This study has three aims: (i) describe the different treatment options (surgical resection vs observation), (ii) investigate the upgrade rate in surgically treated patients, and (iii) evaluate the long-term occurrences of aggressive disease in both operated and unoperated patients.

Methods
A series of 122 patients with LN bioptic diagnosis and follow-up information were selected. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were collected from medical charts. At definitive histology, either invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ was considered upgraded lesions.

Results
Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and high-grade LN (HG-LN) were diagnosed in 44, 63, and 15 patients, respectively. The median follow-up was 9.5 years. Ninety-nine patients were surgically treated, while 23 underwent clinical-radiological follow-up. An upgrade was observed in 28/99 (28.3%). Age ≥ 54 years (OR 4.01, CI 1.42–11.29, p = 0.009), Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories 4–5 (OR 3.76, CI 1.37–10.1, p = 0.010), and preoperatory HG-LN diagnosis (OR 8.76, 1.82–42.27, p = 0.007) were related to upgraded/aggressive disease. During follow-up, 8 patients developed an ipsilateral malignant lesion, four of whom were not initially operated (4/23, 17%).

Conclusions
BI-RADS categories 4–5, HG-LN diagnosis, and age ≥ 54 years were features associated with an upgrade at definitive surgery. Moreover, 17% of unoperated cases developed an aggressive disease, emphasizing that LN patients need close surveillance due to the long-term risk of breast cancer.