bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of four types of heat treatment on the Wear Resistance of Al 6061 Alloy
Authors: Nazeer iqbal Ansari Shadab Azhar , Abdur Rahman M , Naveed Hussain H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the wear performance of Al 6061 alloy under four heat treatment processes: T6 aging, High-Temperature Pre-aging (HTPP), Modified Retrogression and Reaging (RRA) with interrupted aging, and conventional RRA. The study evaluates how these treatments affect wear resistance under varying loads and sliding distances using a pin-on-disc apparatus. Results indicate that the modified RRA with interrupted aging provides the best wear resistance, attributed to its refined microstructure with fine, uniformly distributed Mg2Si precipitates. VHN (microhardness) measurements further support the influence of heat treatment on the alloy’s performance. FESEM analysis reveals that the modified RRA treatment significantly minimizes wear scars and surface damage, improving resistance to both abrasive and adhesive wear. The study highlights the critical role of precipitation hardening in enhancing wear resistance, with the modified RRA treatment outperforming T6 and HTPP due to differences in precipitate morphology. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing Al 6061 alloys for industrial applications requiring high wear resistance.
Optimization of wear parameters of aluminium 7075 hybrid composites using taguchi technique
Authors: Ashok raj R , Mathiyalagan P , Kumaragurubaran B , Skanda M G , Sivaganesan V , Santhosh prakash A. , Panneer Selvam K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research work highlights theproduction of AA7075 hybrid composites incorporated with wt.% (x=0, 1.5, 3) of Molybdenum di sulfide(MoS2) and 12wt% of titanium di boride(TiB2). The AA7075/MoS2/TiB2 hybrid composites were produced through powder metallurgy. The microstructure of fabricated composites was studied with the help of scanning electron microscope. SEM image of AA7075/3wt.%MoS2 /12wt.%TiB2 HMMC has uniform distribution of reinforcements in the matrix AA7075and it confirms that there is no oxide formation in the surface of the produced composites. Besides, there is no porosity formation in the manufactured AA7075 HMMCs. The selected input process parameters were sliding distance (SD), wt% of MoS2 and applied load (AL). The wear loss was selected as response parameter. The experimental plan was generated by utilizing Taguchi technique. The POD equipment was employed for executing the wear test as per Taguchi experiments plan. The worn-out surfaces were analyzed to study the impact on the variation of sliding distance, wt% of MoS2andapplied load. Taguchi approach and ANOVA were utilized to determine the dominating factor on wear loss of AA7075 based hybrid composites
An Overview of Microstructural and Material Properties of High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Subbulakshmi Dr. T. , Rajabhuvaneswari A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enhances the ability to examine materials and microstructure of concrete, which allows for the evaluation of concrete durability issues and the influence of additional cementing ingredients. With the help of a (SEM), the internal features of various concrete mixes are studied. This includes concrete with silica fume, bottom ash, silica fume and steel slag aggregate, and solid silica fume with bottom ash and steel slag aggregate. The unique shape of the first reaction of the industrial waste product under concrete circumstances was examined in this study. One way to make high-performance concrete (HPC) is to add silica fume to the cement mix. Another way is to use binary or ternary mixes made from industrial by-products such bottom ash and steel slag instead of fine and coarse aggregate, respectively. Interstitial zone (ITZ) morphologies can be observed in concrete mixes containing binary mixtures of silica fume and bottom ash, silica fume and steel slag aggregate, bottom ash and steel slag aggregate, or ternary mixtures of the two. This study includes a three-phase SEM analysis and an evaluation of the ITZ in three different HPC development scenarios.
Stability Analysis of Road Embankment on Soft Soil Using Staged Construction with Geotextile Reinforcement
Authors: Siregar C A , Triani E P , Wibowo D H A , Sismoro H , Garnia E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the stabilization of road embankments on soft soil in the Bts Road Section, Toli Toli City – Silondou, where road subsidence and flooding occur due to the soft peat soil and the area’s location in a watershed. To address these issues, the subgrade was improved using geotextile reinforcement with phased construction. The study aims to evaluate the safety factor of the embankments and the extent of soil consolidation settlement, using both the Plaxis V20 2D program and manual CPTu data interpretation. Results show minimal differences between the two methods in achieving 95% consolidation, with settlement differences of 3 cm with geotextile and 4 cm without. The time to reach this consolidation differed by up to 12 days. At 3, 6, and 12 months, settlement differences were 2 cm, 7 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. The safety factor for embankments with geotextile reinforcement was significantly higher, with changes of 38.70% at console stage 1, 29.39% at stage 2, 14.26% at preload, and 13.78% at U-95%. These results demonstrate that geotextile reinforcement provides effective stabilization for road embankments on soft soil.
Performance of Multi-storey Building for Near-filed Earthquake under Single and Repeated Earthquake
Authors: Alriaaid Ahmed Eshteewi Miftah , Azizan Nik Zainab Nik , Anuar Shamilah Anudai @ 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Throughout history, earthquakes have posed a substantial risk, leading to extensive devastation and tragic loss of human lives. Repeated earthquake activity can be particularly concerning as it can lead to further damage and destruction. Hence, implementing approaches aim at enhancing a building’s resilience to seismic activity and mitigating the detrimental effects of earthquakes. Be it a single event or repeat events, it holds significant importance. This study aims to conduct a dynamic analysis to assess the performance of a multi-storey building subjected to seven seismic loads, including single and repeat occurrences of near-field earthquakes. The characteristics of the seismic loads: i) the distance from the epicenter is less than 15km, (ii) the magnitude is equal to or greater than 5.5 and (iii) the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to or greater than 0.15g. An investigation into the displacement of the building caused by single and repeated seismic events was conducted to evaluate the structural integrity of the building. Measurements of the resulting displacement at the X-axis in a single event equal to those in repeated events indicate that it was recorded in the Y direction 249.56 mm in the X direction, and then this displacement decreased to 40.64 mm in the Y direction. However, this displacement at the Y-axis was recorded as 101.07 mm in the X direction and then increased to 227.17 mm in the Y direction. This indicates that the direction of single and repeated seismic loads can affect the amount of displacement in the X-axis and Y-axis of the structure. The displacement caused by the seismic load is directly proportional to the intensity of the load and the rigidity of the structure.
The study of marigold, cosmos, and butterfly pea color properties on eco printing using cotton, linen, and silk fabrics
Authors: Zainuddin Nasaie , Rosli Nur Nilam Fitria , Tulos Najua , Zakaria Muhammad Hisyam , Aris Asliza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fashion trends nowadays prefer synthetic dyes and fabrics in industry and these goods could not successfully connect environmentally friendly concepts with sustainability. As a substitution for synthetic dyes and fabrics, natural dyes, and fabrics can counter the existing problem by carrying out eco-print to minimize environmental pollution and risks to human health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of eco-printing on three different types of fabrics (cotton, linen, and silk) by using three different types of flowers (Marigold, Cosmos, and Butterfly Pea). The Eco-print process was run by using the steaming method with different times taken to determine which time is the most appropriate to get a nice and clear print. This study focused on the colorfastness properties of eco-printed fabrics. These results were evaluated by performing color measurement and fastness tests towards washing and light referring to standard testing methods. As results, with the addition of Aluminium Potassium Sulphate mordants, the effect of eco-print of Marigold Flowers on silk fabric are the best results in fastness properties. The best time for steaming effect for eco-print in this study is 30 minutes. In terms of color measurement, it was discovered that mordants such Aluminium Potassium Sulphate enhance eco-print color on fabrics and provide the darkest colors which provided a colorfastness test with rating of moderate to good towards washing and light testing.
Proposed Vacuum Sealer Design Using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Method
Authors: Azwar Ade Geovania , Nurwathi  , Gunawan Rudy , Kusmadi  , Fahrulrozi Muhamad , Rahmania  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Some of the complaints from MSME actors in the food sector are in the packaging aspect. Packaging on food products is generally made of plastic. MSME is an organization or business enterprise that is managed directly by the business owner. One of the innovations carried out is the packaging aspect, namely using a vacuum sealer on the product. Vacuum machines or existing sealer machines (which are on the market) have very competitive prices. The objectives of this research are to explain and know the consumer needs analysts in designing vacuum sealers and providing proposals for vacuum sealers designed using the QFD method. The design method uses Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to integrate the Voice of the Customer and the Voice of the Company. The research produced a House of Quality (HoQ) from the packaging aspects required by MSME respondents. The research results using QFD, the target rankings was obtained namely (in sequence with the target scores obtained), plastic polypropylene general as the raw material (6.7), product Dimensions (6.2), there is an additional menu option on the vacuum sealer (5.7), has the function of a vacuum sealer product (such as vacuum only, sealer only, and time) (3.3), and increased product reliability (1.2). According to these results, a vacuum sealer machine was designed that met the needs of the research respondents, with adjustments to better suction power values.
Urban morphology and urban water demand: a case study in the land constrained Los Angeles region using urban growth modeling
Authors: Ferencz Stephen B , Yoon Jim , Capone Johanna , McManamay Ryan A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The interactions between population growth, urban morphology, and water demand have important implications for water resources and supply in urban regions. Water use for irrigation comprises a significant fraction of urban water demand, and is potentially influenced by long-term changes in urban morphology. To investigate this, we used spatially explicit projections of urban land development intensity (fraction impervious area) generated from a 30 m resolution urban growth model for the Los Angeles (LA) region. Recent historical data on water use and high resolution landcover were used to establish relationships between green area, urban development intensity, and outdoor water demand. These relationships were then used to project outdoor and total water demand in 2100 using the urban growth model outputs. We considered two different population scenarios informed by the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) projections for the region (SSP3 and SSP5), and three scenarios of urban development intensification. Our analysis is resolved for over 80 water providers in the region, from the urban core to suburban fringe, and highlights diverse demand responses influenced by initial urban form and water demand attributes. Assumptions about outdoor water use factors based on recent water supply data were found to be nearly as influential on future outdoor demand as the urban growth scenario settings. Compared to previous studies, our work is unique in coherently linking high resolution SSP population scenarios, urban land cover evolution, and urban water demand projections, demonstrating the approach for the LA region—the largest population center in the western United States.
Subsurface Analysis of The Subsurface Architectural Design of Serut Temple in Batujaya Emple Area, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia using ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) Method
Authors: Amalia Putri Utami , Agustine Eleonora , Fitriani Dini , Nurfaradila Fina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Batujaya site, located in Karawang Regency, West Java, encompasses the Segaran and Talagajaya Villages and is situated near the North Coast of Java and the Citarum River. This area is prone to annual flooding, causes the ground level at this temple site to tend to rise over time which has buried much of the temple complex under 1-2 meters of soil. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was employed to explore the subsurface features of this archaeological site, offering a non-destructive and efficient means to uncover buried objects. In this research, acquisition was conducted using Marcapada resistivity meter with 48 electrodes, spacing each electrode along 0.5 m and the configuration used is Wenner. The measurement results are then processed using the Earth Imager application. ERT investigations on Line 1 identified a clay rock layer with high water content (1.3 Ωm, blue), corroborated by surface puddles. This layer lies beneath electrodes 21-36, with varying depths. A sandy clay layer (2 − 5 Ωm, green) was also detected, likely due to water and ion retention. Higher resistivity values (9 − 17.9 Ωm, orange to red) suggested buried temple structures, confirmed by ongoing excavations near electrodes 27-46. Line 2, intended as a baseline comparison, revealed unexpected anomalies (5−7.5 Ωm, yellow to red) indicative of possible buried objects, challenging archaeologists’ initial assumptions. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ERT in revealing hidden subsurface features, providing valuable insights beyond surface observations alone.
Decision of Cost Estimation for Competitive Pricing of Modular Construction from China Manufacturer Perspective for Malaysian Industrialised Building System (IBS).
Authors: Diana Aziz Nor , Samsul Zamani Wan Hamdan Wan , Omardin Affendy , Hasan Ramly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The increase in the total number of construction projects has also resulted in great increases in the demand for IBS components. Due to the limited number of suppliers, the price of IBS components become exponentially high in recent years. It is critical to review that the IBS manufacturing players faced unforeseen obstacles to achieving economies of scale due to higher capital costs and this problem simultaneously caused high operational costs in manufacturing. Therefore, this vital problem has motivated us to explore cost control towards the identified parameters prior the manufacturers’ decision in estimating the cost of IBS output. Indirectly, the manufacturers can forecast pricing for the profit margin purposely. Even cost estimation is crucial at the production level as it is concerned with predicting the costs related to a set of activities before making a cost-effective decision, the aspect of considerations need to be addressed to ensure quality, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the qualitative data for dependent variables consisted of four (4) elements was analyses via atlast.Ti based of case study from world leading manufacturing country, China. It is hoped that the key finding of the study will determine the cost control parameters needed for competitive pricing of IBS components in the Malaysian construction-based manufacturing industry.
Microstructural analysis of phases in cement mortars with quartz and limestone filler
Authors: Stoyanov Ventseslav , Petkova Vilma , Serafimova Ekaterina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objects of the study were cement mortars prepared from white Portland cement, natural river sand, marble powder and a high range water reducing admixture. Microstructural analysis was carried out by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analyses, enhanced with evolved gas analysis. Analysis of the results showed that stable structure formed at early stages, with minimal changes in phase composition and quantity during subsequent aging in water. The mortars, in which the sand was completely replaced by marble powder with fine additive, was characterized by stability of composition, which gives reason to conclude for the preparation of cement mortars with high durability.
Modelling initial conditions of free vibrations in SAP2000
Authors: Todorov Teodor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The modelling of non-zero initial conditions in SAP2000 when considering free vibrations is not a standard operation. The current paper proposes a simple method of initial condition modelling in SAP2000 when said vibrations are considered. The basic principle of impulse of a particle is used as a reference in the theoretical background. The method is illustrated by a simple single degree of freedom problem that is solved both analytically and numerically in SAP2000. Results are compared. The method is applied to a multi-degree of freedom problem as well. The multi-degree of freedom problem is undamped. Conclusions are made.
PnP-epipolar optimization approach for VSLAM using robust pose prediction
Authors: Wu Xiru , Luo Wenhui , Wang Yaonan , Lu Yi , Wei Qingjin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) is easily influenced by aggressive motion and low overlap images. Based on the challenge, we propose a VSLAM system with the robust tracking method. The feature tracking model is constructed by the robust pose prediction and PnP-Epipolar optimization. Firstly, as conventional VSLAM systems struggle with aggressive motion, we improve the constant acceleration prediction to estimate a dependable initial pose. The pose prediction takes into account the variation of the rotation axis, providing a more reliable initial guess for the pose optimization. Secondly, a novel global feature matching with BoW acceleration and map-point projection is performed to increase the number of matches. The matching method considers the points without map-point observation. Thirdly, according to the matches, we constitute the PnP-Epipolar constraint to optimize the pose with low overlap images. Finally, we compare our algorithm with several state-of-the-art VSLAM systems on KITTI dataset and EuRoC MAV dataset. The experimental results indicate that the proposed VSLAM reduces the RMSE by about 30% on average. For some sequences containing aggressive angle turning scene, the RMSE reduction even reaches 50%.
Current blocking layer enables enhanced NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction vertical MOSFET with a higher power figure of merit
Authors: Ma Xiaoxuan , Luan Suzhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To address the challenges of P-type doping in β-Ga2O3 material and the low breakdown voltage of junctionless MOSFETs, this study introduces the first investigation of a vertical enhanced heterojunction β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a NiO current blocking layer (CBL), employing the Sentaurus TCAD software. The results demonstrate that by adjusting the thickness and concentration of the CBL and epitaxial layers, the threshold voltage of the device oscillates between 2.8 V and 5.1 V, and the enhancement structure is successfully realized. The optimised device exhibits a current switching ratio exceeding 109, a specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) of 9.01 mΩ·cm2, a breakdown voltage of 6061.6 V, and a power figure of merit as high as 4.08 GW cm−2. This work is instructive for the design of NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction enhanced vertical MOSFET power devices and for the future development of β-Ga2O3 heterojunction power devices.
An intelligent and efficient CNN-AES framework for image block encryption with a multi-key approach
Authors: Saini Abhishek , Sehrawat Ruchi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The integration of cryptography and deep learning has become known as a promising way to improving image security in the context of escalating cyber threats, particularly in areas requiring secure image transmission. The proposed methodology involves a Convolutional Neural Networks model designed to encode 256 × 256 images, followed by partitioning the encoded output into 16 blocks and encrypting each block using the AES algorithm with 16 unique keys derived from an initial single key to secure image data. Extensive evaluation of the framework’s effectiveness is conducted using correlation analysis, which achieves a low correlation coefficient of approximately 0.03; high NPCR and UACI values of up to 99.4% and 51%, respectively; histogram analysis; PSNR; MSE; MAE; and the NIST test suite, among other metrics. The outcomes show that the framework is highly resistant to differential assaults and maintains minimal loss of image quality during the encryption and decryption processes. The approach addresses important issues in digital information security and unlocks the way to safer digital communications. It has major practical implications for private content sharing on social media platforms, secure medical imaging transmission, and the management of sensitive surveillance data. A comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed encryption algorithm works more effectively than the techniques presently in use for image encryption. This work highlights how deep learning and cryptography techniques can be combined to enhance image security as well as offer a robust solution to protect sensitive image data against cyber threats.
Impact of cold upset forging during heat treatment in Al-1.1Si-0.97Mg alloy
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul Ramesh , Poddar Vaishali Sushil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Al-Si-Mg alloys possess superior forgeability attributed to their silicon content and are heat-treatable, allowing for modification of mechanical properties. The AA6082 alloy, renowned for its medium strength and lightweight nature, finds extensive applications in the automotive and aerospace sectors. Researchers utilize thermomechanical processing to tailor microstructure and mechanical properties. This study delves into the effects of cold upset forging on AA6082 alloy behaviour post partial solutionizing and aging heat treatment, with variations in time and temperature. Subsequent analysis investigates microstructural alterations and their relationship with mechanical properties under diverse aging conditions post-forging. This investigation aims to elucidate the structure–property interplay for understanding 6082 alloy’s behaviour in better way. The internal stresses/residual stresses also play a pivotal role to change the AA6082 behaviour during thermomechanical processing. This is also investigated while relating microstructural aspects with mechanical properties and fractography.