bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping long-period soil resonances in the Kathmandu basin using microtremors
Authors: Trevisani S. , Pettenati F. , Paudyal S. , Sandron D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study reports the geostatistical analysis of a set of 40 single-station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic survey data collected in the Kathmandu basin (Nepal). The Kathmandu basin is characterized by a heterogeneous sedimentary cover and by a complex geo-structural setting, inducing a high spatial variability of the bedrock depth. Due to the complex geological setting, the interpretation and analysis of soil resonance periods derived from the HVSR surveys is challenging, both from the perspective of bedrock depth estimation as well as of seismic-site effects characterization. To exploit the available information, the HVSR data are analyzed by means of a geostatistical approach. First, the spatial continuity structure of HVSR data is investigated and interpreted taking into consideration the geological setting and available stratigraphic and seismic information. Then, the exploitation of potential auxiliary variables, based on surface morphology and distance from outcropping bedrock, is evaluated. Finally, the mapping of HVSR resonance periods, together with the evaluation of interpolation uncertainty, is obtained by means of kriging with external drift interpolation. This work contributes to the characterization of local seismic response of the Kathmandu basin. The resulting map of soil resonance periods is compatible with the results of preceding studies and it is characterized by a high spatial variability, even in areas with a deep bedrock and long resonance periods.
Endogenous sex steroid hormones and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bouras Emmanouil , Papandreou Christopher , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreclinical data suggest that endogenous sex steroid hormones may be implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, however, findings from epidemiological studies are conflicting. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the associations between endogenous concentrations of sex hormones and CRC risk. PubMed and Scopus were searched until June 2020 for prospective studies evaluating the association between pre-diagnostic plasma/serum concentrations of estradiol, testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and CRC risk. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted random-effects model based on the DerSimonian-Laird estimator. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis after evaluating 3,859 non-duplicate records. Four of the eight studies had a nested case–control design, one study was a case-cohort and the rest three studies were cohort studies, and they included on average 295 cases (range:48–732) and 2,105 controls. No associations were found for endogenous sex steroid hormones in men or post-menopausal women with CRC risk, with evidence for substantial heterogeneity observed among women. Findings from this meta-analysis do not support presence of associations between pre-diagnostic concentrations of testosterone, estradiol and SHBG with incident CRC risk in men and post-menopausal women.
Design of FOPID controller for higher order continuous interval system using improved approximation ensuring stability
Authors: Dewangan P. D. , Singh V. P. , Sinha S. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis contribution deals with the design of a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller through reduce-order modeling for continuous interval systems. First, a higher order interval plant (HOIP) is considered. The reduced-order interval plant (ROIP) for considered HOIP is derived by multipoint Padé approximation integrated with Routh table. Then, FOPID controller is designed for ROIP to satisfy the phase margin and gain cross over frequency. Thus obtained FOPID controller is implemented on HOIP also to validate the performance of designed FOPID on HOIP. A single-input-single-output (SISO) test system is taken up to elaborate the entire process of controller design. The outcomes affirm the validity of the designed FOPID controller. The designed FOPID controller produced stable results retaining the phase margin and gain cross-over frequency when implemented on HOIP. The results further proved that FOPID controller is working efficiently for ROIP and HOIP.
Optimal fast Johnson–Lindenstrauss embeddings for large data sets
Authors: Bamberger Stefan , Krahmer Felix 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJohnson–Lindenstrauss embeddings are widely used to reduce the dimension and thus the processing time of data. To reduce the total complexity, also fast algorithms for applying these embeddings are necessary. To date, such fast algorithms are only available either for a non-optimal embedding dimension or up to a certain threshold on the number of data points. We address a variant of this problem where one aims to simultaneously embed larger subsets of the data set. Our method follows an approach by Nelson et al. (New constructions of RIP matrices with fast multiplication and fewer rows. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 1515-1528, 2014): a subsampled Hadamard transform maps points into a space of lower, but not optimal dimension. Subsequently, a random matrix with independent entries projects to an optimal embedding dimension. For subsets whose size scales at least polynomially in the ambient dimension, the complexity of this method comes close to the number of operations just to read the data under mild assumptions on the size of the data set that are considerably less restrictive than in previous works. We also prove a lower bound showing that subsampled Hadamard matrices alone cannot reach an optimal embedding dimension. Hence, the second embedding cannot be omitted.
Defending against insider threats with network security's eighth layer
Authors: Chapman Phil 
Published: March 2021

It would be an understatement to say 2020 was a year of change, but here we are in March 2021, a world away from March 2020. As the UK Government juggles the socio-economic impacts of Covid-19 and now Brexit, daily news briefings are announcing new guidelines and initiatives to tackle a whole host of problems old and new yet it feels like the growing cyber security threat has been pushed to the bottom of the importance list. With the changes in work practices brought about by the pandemic, security teams have found themselves going back to basics. One area that needs special attention is the so-called ‘layer eight’ – the user. Organisations need to look at how they can reduce deliberate or inadvertent threats from insiders as working from home becomes the new normal. Businesses must implement strict network security policies, as well as looking at the role that the entire organisation plays in network security strategies, argues Phil Chapman of Firebrand Training.
Artificial Intelligence and Innovation in Brazilian Justice
Authors: De Sanctis Fausto Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence can bring benefits to legal practice, providing agility and precision. It can allow judicial decisions to be the result of the combination of algorithms, enabling the development of a system based on machine learning. This article seeks to demonstrate the current state of the use of artificial intelligence in the Brazilian justice system with the impact of the development of a deep learning system, merely the result of the automation of textual analyses of legal cases, which now serve as models. Reflection is more than necessary given the ethical issues that can arise in view of the inherent precepts that are usually impregnated in the judicial function. Civil servants, lawyers, prosecutors and judges should be guided by a pertinent regulation of new technologies and reflect on whether judicial decisions would be the result of human thinking or not, in addition to the risk that they can carry when the models are biased, in good or bad faith, due to erroneous classification or misinformation in the system.
Beyond Bounded Rationality: CEO Reflective Capacity and Firm Sustainability Performance
Authors: Jia Yingya , Tsui Anne S. , Yu Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTOptimal or rational decision making is not possible due to informational constraints and limits in computation capability of humans (March & Simon, 1958; March, 1978). This bounded rationality serves as a filtering process in decision making among business executives (Hambrick & Mason, 1984). In this study, we propose the concept of CEO reflective capacity as a behavior-oriented cognitive capability that may overcome to some extent the pervasive limitation of bounded rationality in executive decision-making. Following Hinkin's (1998) method and two executive samples, we developed and validated a three-dimensional measure of CEO reflective capacity. Based on two-wave surveys of CEOs and their executive-subordinates in 213 Chinese small-medium sized firms, we tested and confirmed three hypotheses on how CEO reflective capacity is related to a firm's sustainability performance (including economic, societal, and environmental dimensions) through the mediating mechanisms of strategic decision comprehensiveness and CEO behavioral complexity. We discuss the contribution of this study to the literature on the upper echelons and information processing perspectives. We also identify the implications for future research on strategic leadership and managerial cognition in complex and dynamic contexts.
Understanding Healthcare Social Enterprises: A New Public Governance Perspective
Authors: CHANDRA YANTO , SHANG LIANG , ROY MICHAEL J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years ‘social enterprises’ have become important partners in the delivery of key public services such as healthcare. However, little is known about how healthcare social enterprises contribute to public service provision in the health sector. We analyzed 172 social enterprises from four continents involved in healthcare to assess the types of interventions, processes, and roles they play responding to rapidly evolving healthcare systems. We found that they are engaged broadly in three dimensions of health service provision: improving access to health services; improving the quality of health services; and building public health capacity. We contribute to social policy theory by enhancing understanding of the micro-level interventions of social enterprises in the healthcare sector and articulating new dimensions of NPG that include co-innovation, co-lobbying, and co-integration in the context of healthcare.
Trait attributions and threat appraisals explain why an entity theory of personality predicts greater internalizing symptoms during adolescence
Authors: Seo Eunjin , Lee Hae Yeon , Jamieson Jeremy P. , Reis Harry , Josephs Robert A. , Beevers Christopher G. , Yeager David S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdolescents who hold an entity theory of personality – the belief that people cannot change – are more likely to report internalizing symptoms during the socially stressful transition to high school. It has been puzzling, however, why a cognitive belief about the potential for change predicts symptoms of an affective disorder. The present research integrated three models – implicit theories, hopelessness theories of depression, and the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat – to shed light on this issue. Study 1 replicated the link between an entity theory and internalizing symptoms by synthesizing multiple datasets (N = 6,910). Study 2 examined potential mechanisms underlying this link using 8-month longitudinal data and 10-day diary reports during the stressful first year of high school (N = 533, 3,199 daily reports). The results showed that an entity theory of personality predicted increases in internalizing symptoms through tendencies to make fixed trait causal attributions about the self and maladaptive (i.e., “threat”) stress appraisals. The findings support an integrative model whereby situation-general beliefs accumulate negative consequences for psychopathology via situation-specific attributions and appraisals.
Comparing Traumatic Brain Injury Symptoms Reported via Questionnaires Versus a Novel Structured Interview
Authors: Emmert Natalie A. , Ristow Georgia , McCrea Michael A. , deRoon-Cassini Terri A. , Nelson Lindsay D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms are typically assessed via questionnaires in research, yet questionnaires may be more prone to biases than direct clinical interviews. We compared mTBI symptoms reported on two widely used self-report inventories and the novel Structured Interview of TBI Symptoms (SITS). Second, we explored the association between acquiescence response bias and symptom reporting across modes of assessment.Method:Level 1 trauma center patients with mTBI (N= 73) were recruited within 2 weeks of injury, assessed at 3 months post-TBI, and produced nonacquiescent profiles. Assessments collected included the SITS (comprising open-ended and closed-ended questions), Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3 (SCAT-3) symptom checklist, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form True Response Inconsistency (TRIN-r) scale.Results:Current mTBI symptom burden and individual symptom endorsement were highly concordant between SITS closed-ended questions, the RPQ, and the SCAT-3. Within the SITS, participants reported significantly fewer mTBI symptoms to open-ended as compared to later closed-ended questions, and this difference was weakly correlated with TRIN-r. Symptom scales were weakly associated with TRIN-r.Conclusions:mTBI symptom reporting varies primarily by whether questioning is open- vs. closed-ended but not by mode of assessment (interview, questionnaire). Acquiescence response bias appears to play a measurable but small role in mTBI symptom reporting overall and the degree to which participants report more symptoms to closed- than open-ended questioning. These findings have important implications for mTBI research and support the validity of widely used TBI symptom inventories.
Testing Todd: family types and development
Authors: Gutmann Jerg , Voigt Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany years ago, Emmanuel Todd came up with a classification of family types and argued that the historically prevalent family types in a society have important consequences for its economic, political, and social development. Here, we evaluate Todd's most important predictions empirically. Relying on a parsimonious model with exogenous covariates, we find mixed results. On the one hand, authoritarian family types are, in stark contrast to Todd's predictions, associated with increased levels of the rule of law and innovation. On the other hand, and in line with Todd's expectations, communitarian family types are linked to racism, low levels of the rule of law, and late industrialization. Countries in which endogamy is frequently practiced also display an expectedly high level of state fragility and weak civil society organizations.
Design of an interlocked four-port MIMO antenna for UWB automotive communications
Authors: Saravanan M. , Kalidoss R. , Partibane B. , Vishvaksenan K. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe design, analysis, fabrication, and testing of a four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is reported in this paper for automotive communications. The MIMO antenna is constructed using the basic antenna element exploiting a slot geometry. Two such antennas are developed on the same microwave laminate to develop a two-port MIMO antenna. Two such microwave laminates are interlocked to create the four-port MIMO scheme. The most distinct feature of the proposed architecture is that the inter-port isolation is well-taken care without the need for an external decoupling unit. The four-port MIMO antenna has an overall volume of 32 × 15 × 32 mm3. The prototype MIMO antenna is fabricated and the measurements are carried out to validate the simulation results. The antenna offers ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics covering the frequency range of 2.8–9.5 GHz. The average boresight gain of the antenna ranges from 3.2 to 5.41 dBi with the peak gain at 8 GHz. The simulated efficiency of the antenna is greater than 73% within the operating bandwidth. The MIMO parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and mean effective gain are evaluated and presented. The appropriateness of the proposed antenna for deployment in the shark fin housing of the present-day automobiles is verified using on-car performance estimation.
Elucidating the Effect of Perceived Power on Destructive Responses during Romantic Conflicts
Authors: Alonso-Ferres María , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Prior research has indicated that the people one loves the most, such as their romantic partners, ironically, are also the people toward whom they often direct destructive behaviors in times of conflict, and such destructive responses become one of the most challenging relationship problems. Identifying the conditions that promote destructive (vs. constructive) conflict-resolution strategies is a crucial gap requiring study to help individuals build healthier and happier relationships. Across three studies (total N = 728), we examined whether (a) power is related to direct destructive (vs. constructive) responses during romantic conflicts; (b) this effect was moderated by the seriousness of the conflict and the relationship’s inclusiveness. In Study 1, participants involved in romantic relationships completed scales assessing interpersonal power, the conflict’s seriousness, their relationship’s inclusiveness, and conflict-resolution responses. In Studies 2-3, the participants were randomly assigned to complete an essay in which the conflict’s seriousness and power were experimentally manipulated. Findings from hierarchical regression analyses consistently showed that power led to destructive (and lower constructive) responses. However, this only occurred when the participants faced severe conflicts and their partner was not central to their self-concept. An internal meta-analysis of the studies confirmed the reliability and significance of these relationships; |r’s| =.13-37. Together, these results support the proposition that power asymmetries can threaten relationships by driving destructive responses during romantic conflicts, and untangle the conditions under which this happens. The conflict’s seriousness and the inclusiveness of the relationship may be considered to provide skills that help individuals navigate their relationships’ life challenges.
In Situ Observations of Whistler‐Mode Chorus Waves Guided by Density Ducts
Authors: Chen Rui , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Chen Lunjin , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Li Wen , Ni Binbin , Wang Shui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we report the proof of the existence of density ducts in the Earth's magnetosphere by studying in situ observations of whistler‐mode chorus waves using NASA's Van Allen Probe‐A data. Chorus waves, originally excited inside the density ducts with wave normal angles (WNAs) smaller than the Gendrin angle at the near‐equatorial region, are efficiently confined to a limited area inside density ducts (i.e., ducted regions), and remain with small WNAs as they propagate toward higher latitudes. The ducted region becomes narrower for the higher‐frequency waves. Chorus waves with WNAs larger than the Gendrin angle are not guided by density ducts. Our study reveals that density ducts can effectively control the property and distribution of chorus waves, and may ultimately regulate electron dynamics in the Earth's or other planetary radiation belts.
Asymmetric Wave Distributions of Tropical Cyclones Based on CFOSAT Observations
Authors: Shi Yanping , Du Yan , Chu Xiaoqing , Tang Shilin , Shi Ping , Jiang Xingwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObservations of the China‐France oceanography satellite are used to investigate the wave distribution's asymmetry during tropical cyclone (TC) from August 2019 to August 2020. The spatial distribution of TC waves is analyzed based on an individual case, six ocean basins, and TCs categories. A study of super typhoon Hagibis shows that the highest significant wave height (SWH) appears on the typhoon track's right side. Further analysis reveals that the highest SWH is located on the right (left) side of TC tracks in the Northern Hemisphere (Southern Hemisphere). In the Western North Pacific, North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific, and North Indian Ocean, the highest SWH is on the right side of TCs of 251, 260, 130, and 118 km, respectively. In the South Pacific and South Indian Ocean, the highest SWH is on the left side of 70 and 128 km. According to the TC categories, the largest (smallest) departure happens during the weakest (strongest) TC. The intensifying of TC favors the wavefield's growth and reduces the asymmetry of the wave height's distribution. Both the asymmetric wind fields and the land's orographic effects impact the TC wave's distribution. In the Eastern North Pacific, the TC wind is the weakest, but the departure is not the smallest, probably due to the left continent bounding the wave energy's propagation.
Roles of Semivolatile/Intermediate‐Volatility Organic Compounds on SOA Formation Over China During a Pollution Episode: Sensitivity Analysis and Implications for Future Studies
Authors: Wu Liqing , Ling Zhenhao , Shao Min , Liu Huan , Lu Sihua , Zhou Shengzhen , Guo Junchen , Mao Jingying , Hang Jian , Wang Xuemei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve the performance of SOA simulations and to evaluate the roles of semivolatile/intermediate‐volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) on SOA formation with focus on a winter pollution episode, an updated S/IVOC emission inventory over China and optimized reaction parameterization were incorporated into a regional air quality model (i.e., the WRF‐Chem model). The simulation on atmospheric concentrations of SOA was improved with the inclusion of S/IVOC emissions and their degradation, wherein, the temporal mean bias between simulated and observed SOA concentrations decreased by 25%. With the updated S/IVOC emissions and chemical evolution parameterization, the fraction of observed SOA resolved by the model increased from 18% to 40%, of which 21% was attributed to the updated emissions while the remaining 1% was attributed to parameterization. The existence of discrepancy between observation and simulation indicated that other improvements are still needed for better simulation of SOA by the WRF‐Chem model. Using updated OH reactivity coefficient for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and adding the O3‐initiated and NO3‐initiated oxidation of S/IVOCs did not significantly impact SOA formation. Model results further suggested that high SOA concentrations were mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin, the eastern and southern China, with higher concentrations observed at night rather than during daytime. Compared with the contributions of all precursors, SOA concentrations in China were dominated by those formed from S/IVOCs, which were more sensitive to S/IVOC emissions than other parameterizations. These findings highlight the roles of S/IVOCs in SOA formation over China and provide valuable insights for future SOA simulations.