bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting natal origin and movement history informs recovery pathways for three lowland river species following a mass fish kill
Authors: Thiem Jason D. , Baumgartner Lee J. , Fanson Ben , Sadekov Aleksey , Tonkin Zeb , Zampatti Brenton P. 
Published: June 2021

Understanding the spatial and temporal scales over which key population processes occur is fundamental to effective fisheries management, especially when informing recovery actions following extreme events. In 2018–19, hypoxia-induced fish kills occurred in the lower Darling River, south-eastern Australia. We collected carcasses of three potamodromous species that perished during these events to reconstruct their lifetime movements and identify potential recovery mechanisms. Golden perch Macquaria ambigua, Murray cod Maccullochella peelii and silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus otolith 87Sr/86Sr profiles were compared with water 87Sr/86Sr ratios to better understand natal provenance and movement history, and to identify the scale at which migration influences population processes. Golden perch were predominantly locally spawned (Darling River), although we found some evidence of emigration into the nearby Murray River early in life and return movements into the Darling River. Murray cod were mainly locally spawned and thereafter lifelong residents, with some evidence of stocking supplementing populations. Silver perch were mostly immigrants, with the Murray River (>500 km away) the principal source of fish. For recovery of native fish populations to be effective in the Darling River, recovery actions are required that incorporate knowledge on the relevant spatial and temporal scales over which life history processes occur.
A reverse stroke characterizes the force generation of cardiac myofilaments, leading to an understanding of heart function
Authors: Hwang Yongtae , Washio Takumi , Hisada Toshiaki , Higuchi Hideo , Kaya Motoshi 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Force measurements on cardiac myosin molecules and polymerized myofilaments demonstrated that single molecules transition back and forth between three molecular conformations when bound to an actin filament that is experiencing a resistive load, as would be the case in a contracting heart. These distinct positions correspond to a pre–power stroke state and two post–power stroke states. The experimental data are coupled with modeling to predict ensemble behavior and collectively demonstrate that the reversal stroke is a key feature of cardiac muscle that allows for the maintenance of the high force production necessary for cardiac contraction and rapid cardiac relaxation in the heart. Thus, the study provides evidence that the reverse stroke may be a critical feature for normal cardiac function.
Self-adaptive and efficient propulsion of Ray sperms at different viscosities enabled by heterogeneous dual helixes
Authors: Wang Panbing , Al Azad M. A. R. , Yang Xiong , Martelli Paolo R. , Cheung Kam Yan , Shi Jiahai , Shen Yajing 
Published: June 2021

Significance
For decades, the propulsion of sperms has been traditionally attributed to the beating or rotating of the soft tails. However, this work disclosed an unusual swimming model of Ray sperms whose propulsion is from not only the helical tail but also the unique spiral head (i.e., the head can contribute ∼31% of the force in propulsion). Such a propulsion mechanism provides Ray sperms with high adaptability to large environmental viscosities along with advantages in linearity, straightness, and efficiency. This study expands our knowledge on the microorganisms’ motion and provides inspirations for engineering design.
AP-1 is a temporally regulated dual gatekeeper of reprogramming to pluripotency
Authors: Markov Glenn J. , Mai Thach , Nair Surag , Shcherbina Anna , Wang Yu Xin , Burns David M. , Kundaje Anshul , Blau Helen M. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Reprogramming of somatic cells holds tremendous therapeutic promise. Here we show that a key barrier to this process is a DNA binding protein named activator protein 1 (AP-1). We find that AP-1 acts sequentially to first maintain the somatic state by turning genes on and then to block the initiation of the new cellular program by acting as a repressor of gene transcription. Crucially, we were able to uncover this feature of AP-1 by using the heterokaryon system of reprogramming, in which human fibroblasts are fused to an excess of mouse embryonic stem cells to favor the induction of the embryonic stem cell program in the fibroblast.
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback).
Authors: Needham Jessica , Webber Joan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

H. fraxineus is an anamorphic fungal pathogen that causes ash dieback. Due to the severity of ash dieback H. pseudoalbidus has been on the EPPO Alert list since 2007. It is not known what caused the emergence of this 'new' disease (NAPPO, 2009). Its spread in Europe is thought to be mainly by ascospores, but infected nursery saplings may carry the fungus to new areas. The entire natural range of known hosts, including North Africa, Russia and south-west Asia (USDA-ARS, 2009), is currently threatened by ash dieback, with large areas already affected (Pautasso et al., 2013). Little is known about the susceptibility of the other species of ash in temperate zones.
Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)).
Authors: Evans Harry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The invasive potential of SALB has been illustrated by the devastating impact that it has had on attempts to develop rubber production in the Americas. Rapid epidemic development of the disease under humid conditions can destroy young rubber plants. Control methods are expensive and reduce the economic value of the crop. The disease poses a major threat to the large rubber producing areas in West Africa and South-East Asia (Edathil, 1986), where strict quarantine measures are enforced to prevent entry of the pathogen (Jayasinghe, 1998; FAO, 2011).
Bactericera cockerelli (tomato/potato psyllid).
Authors: Munyaneza Joseph E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

B. cockerelli is one of the most destructive potato pests in the western hemisphere. It was recognized in the early 1900s that B. cockerelli had the potential to be an invasive and harmful insect, particularly in western United States and Mexico (Šulc, 1909; Crawford, 1914; Compere, 1915; 1916; Essig, 1917). By the 1920s and 1930s, B. cockerelli had become a serious and destructive pest of potatoes in most of the southwestern United States, giving rise to the description of a new disease that became known as 'psyllid yellows' (Richards, 1928; 1931; 1933; Binkley, 1929; Richards and Blood, 1933; List and Daniels, 1934; Pletsch, 1947; Wallis, 1955). In recent years, other solanaceous crops, including tomato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco and tamarillo in a number of geographic areas have suffered extensive economic losses associated with B. cockerelli outbreaks (Trumble, 2008, 2009; Munyaneza et al., 2007a, b; 2008; 2009a, b, c, d; Liefting et al., 2008; 2009; Secor et al., 2009; Espinoza, 2010; Munyaneza, 2010; Crosslin et al., 2010; Rehman et al., 2010; Crosslin et al., 2012a, b; Munyaneza, 2012). Despite being a native of North America, B. cockerelli is also found in Central America and has recently invaded New Zealand, where it has caused extensive damage to indoor and outdoor solanaceous crops (Teulon et al., 2009; Thomas et al., 2011). B. cockerelli has recently been placed on the list of quarantine pest in EPPO region (EPPO, 2012).
Tobacco streak virus (tobacco streak).
Authors: Tzanetakis Ioannis E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

TSV is prevalent in south-eastern Brazil, and can limit yields of soyabeans in some years (Costa and Carvalho, 1961). Epidemics of soyabean bud blight, caused by TSV, were monitored in two soyabean cultivars sown on seven different dates in 1987-88 in Arapoti County, Parana. The highest final level of disease incidence was 60% in 1987 and 90% in 1988 (Almeida et al., 1994a). Brazilian bud blight is also a serious disease in the Santa Fe province of Argentina (Laguna et al., 1988). It occurs in the USA (Fagbenle and Ford, 1970; Kaiser et al., 1982; Sherwood and Jackson, 1985) but is of no economic significance on soyabeans because conditions are not conducive to the development of the problem. TSV presents a major problem in sunflower production in the Indian subcontinent as severe necrosis symptoms may lead to major losses (Bhat et al., 2002).
Candidatus Phytoplasma pini (pine witches'-broom phytoplasma).
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Zhao Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

'Ca. Phytoplasma pini' is a member of phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene RFLP group XXI, subgroup XXI-A. It has been identified in a number of European countries, including Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Spain, Czech Republic and Croatia. Outside of Europe it has been identified in China and Mozambique. A related strain has also been identified in Maryland, USA. In the USA, favourable climatic conditions and wide availability of potential host plants of the phytoplasma, suggest that the potential for spread of 'Ca. Phytoplasma pini' could be significant. Host plants include Pinus sylvestris, P. halepensis, P. mugo, P. banksiana, P. nigra, P. tabuliformis, Abies procera and Tsuga canadensis. Symptoms include the formation of ball-like growths containing dwarfed needles, yellowed or reddish needles and the loss of needles. It is transmitted by insect vectors that are currently unknown.
Agropyron mosaic virus (Agropyron mosaic virus).
Authors: Stewart Lucy , Hodge Brian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

AgMV has been reported in North America and Europe and is not considered a major pathogen on wheat, although it has pathogenic potential if present at high incidences (Slykhuis, 1962a). AgMV is transmitted by the widely distributed eriophyid mite Abacarus hystrix and can be mechanically transmitted by rub-inoculation with infected plant sap experimentally. No clear evidence is available of AgMV increasing in distribution.
Pear blister canker viroid.
Authors: Hammond Rosemarie W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Pear blister canker disease, first reported in France in the 1960's, is caused by pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd). Diseases can occur in several cultivars of pear (Pyrus communis), its major host, but most pear cultivars are tolerant and do not produce symptoms of infection. PBCVd was initially reported in pear and quince, followed by wild pear and nashi and can experimentally infect species in other genera (Chaenomeles, Cydonia, Sorbus, Malus). Transmission through mechanical inoculation from pruning tools and grafting to infective propagative materials is a potential pathway for spread; no animal vector is known and it is not known to be seed transmitted. PBCVd has been reported in several European countries, Malta, Tunisia, Turkey, Australia, Japan, China, and the Americas; the geographic distribution may be underestimated because of symptomless infections in certain hosts. PBCVd was placed on the A1 list in Canada in 1995, listed as a quarantine pest in the United States in 1989, is regarded as quarantine pathogen for Australia, and is listed in a certification scheme to produce clean Pyrus and Cydonia sp. planting material in an OEPP/EPPO Bulletin in 1999 (OEPP/EPPO, 1999).
Raffaelea quercivora (Japanese oak wilt).
Authors: Masuya Hayato 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Raffaelea quercivora, together with ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus as a vector, is the causal agent of Japanese oak wilt. P. quercivorus occurs from south to east Asia, including Japan, and is associated with trees in the Fagaceae family. R. quercivora is considered native to Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. In Japan, Quercus serrata and Q. crispula [Q. mongolica] are particularly susceptible to Japanese oak wilt, with high rates of mortality. Although there have been reports of the co-occurrence of R. quercivora and P. quercivorus outside of Japan, tree mortality caused by this species complex has never been recorded in these cases. R. quercivora is not on an alert list or listed as a regulated pest in any part of its native range. Although R. quercivora/P. quercivorus are not considered invasive, if they were introduced into susceptible oak forests, possibly via international transport of wood products, there is potential for them to cause extensive tree mortality in other geographic regions.
Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae (brown stripe downy mildew of maize).
Authors: Magill Clint 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The first record of brown stripe downy mildew of maize occurred in India in the early 1960s. In 1967, the pathogen was defined as Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae by Payak and Renfro. It spread rapidly across India, especially in regions with over 100 cm of annual rainfall and into neighbouring countries, probably via seed transfer. It has been effectively controlled by the use of resistant hybrids and seed treatment. It is not reported to be an invasive species.
Tomato apical stunt viroid.
Authors: Hammond Rosemarie W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) is a serious pathogen of tomato. Pathways for introduction include tomato seedlings, tomato seeds and ornamentals. If spread to tomato, considerable losses could result. TASVd is spread easily through plant sap, e.g. during pruning and propagation, and there is some evidence of insect transmission in the greenhouse. No symptoms appear on infected ornamental solanaceous plants, but these plants can act as a reservoir for the spread of viroids in tomato production, especially in greenhouse conditions. TASVd outbreaks in tomato are rare although it has occurred in several countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. The economic impact of TASVd in tomato production is not known, but heavy yield losses may result from infection with certain strains. This viroid has not been reported as an invasive species.
Anguina tritici (wheat seed gall nematode).
Authors: Skantar Andrea M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Anguina tritici, commonly referred to as wheat seed gall nematode, is the cause of ear-cockle disease. It was the first plant-parasitic nematode to be described in the scientific literature in 1743. Its host range includes wheat, triticale, rye, and related grasses; the primary host is wheat. Ear cockle in the past was reported in all major wheat growing areas. However, physical and mechanical methods for separating infected galls from seed have eradicated the nematode from the western hemisphere. It remains a problem in several countries in the Near and Middle East, the Asian Subcontinent and Eastern Europe, most likely due to poor awareness and lack of campaigns for establishing clean seed. A. tritici is on the U.S. Pests of Economic and Environmental Importance List, and on the 'Harmful Organism Lists' for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Indonesia, Israel, Madagascar, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Uruguay.
Theoretical investigation of pump–probe photoelectron spectroscopy on KLi
Authors: Hao Man-Hong , Wang Shuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on the time-dependent quantum wave packet method, the ionization dynamics of the KLi molecule are theoretically simulated using the pump–probe technique. The Autler–Townes splitting phenomenon of photoelectron spectroscopy is analyzed by changing the laser pulse width, the intensity of the probe laser pulse, and the delay time between the pump and probe pulses. It has been found that the height difference between the splitting peaks becomes larger as the width of the pump pulse increases under the resonant condition. Furthermore, the probe laser with large pulse width has little effect on the peak height difference compared with the pump pulse, but it results in multi-splitting of the photoelectron spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the effect of delay time on the splitting peaks in photoelectron spectroscopy is investigated.
Design of all-solid fluorotellurite fibers with near-zero-flattened dispersion profiles for mid-infrared optical frequency comb generation
Authors: Ma Tianshu , Zhou Ningning , Huang Yali , Jia Zhixu , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
All-solid fluorotellurite fibers with near-zero-flattened dispersion profiles in the wavelength range of 1840–2140 nm are designed for mid-infrared optical frequency comb (OFC) generation. The fiber core materials are TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 (TBY) glasses. The fiber cladding materials are fluoroaluminate and TBY glasses. By controlling the core diameter and the thickness of the thin annular fluoroaluminate or TBY glass, the fiber with the chromatic dispersion value between −0.3 and 0.32 ps nm km−1 in the wavelength range of 1840–2140 nm is achieved. Furthermore, we perform numerical simulations on mid-infrared OFC generation via four-wave mixing in the designed fiber. By using a 1980 nm laser with a pulse width of 1.28 ps and a peak power of 60 W as the pump source, OFC spectrum expanding from 1127 to 4942 nm is obtained in a 2 m long fiber, and the pulse width of the generated OFC is about 25 fs. By varying the repetition rate of the pump source, mid-infrared OFC with tunable mode spacing is generated in the designed fiber.
Total quantum coherence close to the quantum critical points in the XXZ model with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Liu Cheng-Cheng , Cen Shen-Chuan , Liu Zi-Li , Shi Jia-Dong , Ding Zhi-Yong , He Juan , Wu Tao , Ye Liu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, by using the quantum renormalization-group method, we study the relation between total quantum coherence based on

l
1

norm and quantum phase transition in the XXZ model with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction. Our findings reveal a distribution relation of quantum coherence in this model, i.e. the value of the quantum coherence of a three-site block state is equal to the sum of its reduced state coherence, and this characteristic can be generalized to a multipartite system. Meanwhile, because of favoring the alignment of spins, the anisotropy suppresses the quantum coherence; on the other hand, by creating the quantum fluctuations, the DM interaction can effectively enhance the value of quantum coherence. Additionally, after several iterations of the renormalization, quantum coherence of the whole block state can form two saturated values, which are related to two different phases: spin-fluid phase and Néel phase. Furthermore, we discover that the total quantum coherence of the block–block state obeys the nonanalytic and scaling properties with the quantum coherence exponent associated with correlation length.
Creation of electrospray emitters from a flat polytetrafluoroethylene sheet through the use of laser micro-manufacturing
Authors: Maharaj S , Allegre O , Smith KL 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrospray propulsion is a form of electrostatic propulsion that shows potential for use as a thruster on small satellites. Electrospray emitters traditionally use arrays of capillaries, however, this paper investigates the suitability of manufacturing an emitter by laser drilling holes in sheets of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), also known as Teflon. This is done by examining factors such as the machining time, hole shape and degree of taper in holes drilled through different methods. Experimental work was done to determine the shape of holes drilled in a flat sheet, and a computational model was used to simulate the performance of these drilled holes. These results were used to judge if this would be a valid method to manufacture electrospray thrusters, and how these thrusters would compare to more traditional emitters. Based on these results, it was concluded that a PTFE sheet with a width of 0.81 mm would be sufficient to achieve electrospray at voltages lower than those needed for traditional emitters.
Near infrared integrated photonic switches for portable quantum sensors
Authors: Saleeb-Mousa Bruce , Moss James L. , Maclean Jessica O. , Richard P. Campion , Mellor Christopher J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A novel integrated semiconductor photonic switch, based on carrier-induced refractive index changes, has been designed and fabricated for use at near infrared wavelengths (890-920 nm, 750-780 nm and 745-775 nm). These switches are intended for use in quantum sensors which rely on the spectroscopy of caesium, rubidium or potassium atoms respectively. The beam-steering properties of the 890-920 nm device are presented and its extinction ratio measured to be 13.4 dB. This measurement was limited by coupling efficiency. Subsequent changes made to the testing equipment include the implementation of an automated testing routine. This new experimental setup will facilitate the full characterisation of the 890-920 nm device and the newly fabricated optical switches, designed for operation in the wavelength ranges 750-780 nm and 745-775 nm respectively.
Repurposable Hardware in Smart Photonic Components
Authors: Anderson Mike , Philips Ian , Callan Paul , Forysiak Wladek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key to the development of cost effective integrated components is low cost, low power circuitry capable of being repurposed from providing manufacturing based functions, such as characterisation and calibration, to operational control functions. Although these individual functions are well known, efficient and low cost implementations are required to enable competitive module pricing. In the case of an optical Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM), bias currents require complex control functions, for example based around digitally synthesized sinusoidal pilot tones and harmonic detection via filters [1][2].
Control methods making use of calibrated laboratory equipment have been proposed [2], whereas here we consider the practical adoption of these methods with low cost and low power components which could be readily integrated into an optical module. In particular we investigate the behaviour and capabilities required for automatic digital bias control functionality implemented in a small gate count, low cost Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) when used in conjunction with a MZM. We assess the suitability of highly efficient implementations of DSP functions within the bias controller, such as digital filters, for example investigating the use of a computationally efficient algorithm for computing a single component of a discrete Fourier transform [3], and demonstrate the viability of using low cost digital hardware to implement a circuit capable of monitoring the MZM transfer function.
The concept of creating cost effective, repurposable hardware is crucial for implementation and inclusion in optical devices deployed in communications networks and beyond.
Effect of Micron-scale Photoluminescence Variation on Droop Measurements in InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells
Authors: Barrett R M , Ahumada-Lazo R , Alanis J A , Parkinson P , Church S A , Kappers M J , Oliver R A , Binks D J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Micro-photoluminescence maps reveal micron-scale spatial variation in intensity, peak emission energy and bandwidth across InGaN/GaN quantum wells. To investigate the effect of this spatial variation on measurements of the dependence of emission efficiency on carrier density, excitation power-dependent emission was collected from a bright and dark region on each of blue-and green emitting samples. The onset of efficiency droop was found to occur at a greater carrier density in the dark regions than in the bright, by factors of 1.2 and 1.8 in the blue and green-emitting samples, respectively. By spatially integrating the emission from progressively larger areas, it is also shown that collection areas greater than ∼50 μm in diameter are required to reduce the intensity variation to less than 10%.