bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High and low-cycle-fatigue properties of 17–4 PH manufactured via selective laser melting in as-built, machined and hipped conditions
Authors: Concli Franco , Fraccaroli Lorenzo , Nalli Filippo , Cortese Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the last years, additive manufacturing (AM) has turned into an emerging technology and an increasing number of classes of material powders are now available for this manufacturing process. For large-scale adoption, an accurate knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the resulting materials is fundamental, also considering that reliable data are often lacking and dedicated standards are still missing for these AM alloys. In this regard, the aim of the present work is to characterize both the high-cycle-fatigue (HFC) and the low-cycle-fatigue (LCF) behaviour of AM 17–4 PH stainless steel (SS). To better understand the performance of the selected alloy, four series of cylindrical samples were manufactured. Three series were produced via selective laser melting (SLM), better known as laser-based powder bed fusion of metals technology using an EOS M280 machine. The first series was tested in the as-built condition, the second was machined before testing to obtain a better surface finishing, while the third series was post-processed via hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Finally, a fourth series of samples was produced from the wrought 17–4 PH material counterpart, for comparison. The understanding and assessment of the influence of surface finishing on the fatigue behaviour of AM materials are fundamental, considering that in most applications the AM parts may present reticular or lattice structures, internal cavities or complex geometries, which must be set into operation in the as-built conditions, since a surface finishing postprocess is not convenient or not feasible at all. On the other side, a HIP process is often suggested to reduce the internal porosities and, therefore, to improve the resulting mechanical properties. The high-cycle-fatigue limits were obtained with a short staircase approach according to the Dixon statistical method. The maximum number of cycles (run-out) was set equal to 50,00,000. The part of the Wöhler diagram relative to finite life was also characterized by means of additional tests at higher stress levels. On the other side, the low-cycle tests allowed to tune the Ramberg–Osgood cyclic curves and the Basquin–Coffin–Manson LCF curves. The results obtained for the four different series of specimens permitted to quantify the reduction of the mechanical performance due to the actual limits of the laser-based powder bed fusion technology (surface quality, internal porosity, different solidification) with respect to traditional manufacturing and could be used to improve design safety and reliability, granting structural integrity of actual applications under elastic and elasto-plastic fatigue loads.
The strength of domestic production networks: an economic application of the Finn cycling index
Authors: Braun Erik , Sebestyén Tamás , Kiss Tibor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in analyzing the structure of domestic and global supply chains/networks in the past decade. Concerns about potential (systemic) risks resulting from overdependence on global supply networks have been magnified during the lockdowns triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic in the last year. Strengthening local and/or domestic networks may be an adequate approach to overcome the severe economic implications of this overdependence, but it also rises the question of how one can measure the strength of domestic supply/production networks and design an appropriate structure. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for measurement and to provide a first-cut analysis with this method on a sample of economies. Building on ecological network analysis, we borrow the Finn cycling index from its toolbox and show a ranking of countries with respect to the strength of their domestic production networks based on this index. The results suggest that the countries are very heterogeneous both in terms of the level of cycling index and its sectoral decomposition. Using panel-econometric techniques, we point out the role of the openness and structural asymmetry in shaping this strength, also controlling for other macroeconomic characteristics of the economies. The estimates reveal that openness has a negative, while asymmetry has a positive effect on this index, but other country-specific characteristics also play a role in shaping the systemic operation of national economies as measured by the Finn cycling index.
RADIOCARBON AGES OF SUYANGGAE PALEOLITHIC SITES IN DANYANG, KOREA
Authors: Kim Kyeong J , Kim Ju Y , Lee Kyong W , Lee Seung W , Woo Jong Y , Lee Yung J , Jull A J Timothy 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe Suyanggae archeological complex is located in Aegok-li, Danyang County, Chungbuk Province, Korea (128°20'00"E, 365˚7'15"N, elevation 132 m). We investigated two Suyanggae Paleolithic localities (1 and 6). A total of 31 samples (18 localities) were analyzed for radiocarbon (14C) ages in three paleolithic cultural horizons of Suyanggae Locality 6 (SYG-6). The purpose of this paper is to report all dating results of SYG-6. It was found that ranges of 14C ages (BP) of cultural layers of SYG-6 are known to be 17,550 ± 80 ∼ 20,470 ± 70, 30,360 ± 350 ∼ 44,100 ± 1900, and 34,870 ± 540 ∼ 46,360 ± 510 BP for cultural layers 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We compared these age data with those of the previous study associated with Gunang Cave near Suyanggae Locality 1 (SYG-1). Based on the chronological information of the three archaeological sites, early humans lived in a rather cold environment from approximately 30,000 to 46,000 BP and disappeared between 30,000 ∼ 20,000 BP and then settled again in SYG-6 site during LGM period. This study demonstrates that archaeological study is important not only for understanding human occupations with their cultural development but also establishing climatic signals to which they have been adapted as a part of the human evolutional process.
Here and There with Arithmetic
Authors: LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR 
Published: September 2021

AbstarctIn the theory of answer set programming, two groups of rules are called strongly equivalent if, informally speaking, they have the same meaning in any context. The relationship between strong equivalence and the propositional logic of here-and-there allows us to establish strong equivalence by deriving rules of each group from rules of the other. In the process, rules are rewritten as propositional formulas. We extend this method of proving strong equivalence to an answer set programming language that includes operations on integers. The formula representing a rule in this language is a first-order formula that may contain comparison symbols among its predicate constants, and symbols for arithmetic operations among its function constants. The paper is under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.
Study of the Dilatancy/Contraction Mechanism of Landslide Fluidization Behavior Using an Initially Saturated Granular Column Collapse Simulation
Authors: Liang Heng , He Siming , Jiang Yuanjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluidlike and integral sliding behaviors can be partly attributed to the dilatancy/contraction behavior of granular materials. A three‐dimensional two‐phase model and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method are applied to study the fluidization behavior by simulating the collapse of an initially fully saturated granular column. The dimensionless numbers (the initial aspect ratio, initial solid volume fraction, and Stokes number associated with the grain size) are varied to examine the collapse process and deposition characteristics. The profiles and front location during collapse highlight that the mechanism changes with the Stokes number and initial solid volume. The granular migration and pore pressure evolution characteristics are presented to clarify the differences in the collapse procedures and mechanisms pertaining to the simulation cases. The dimensionless final runout length and deposition height present monotonically increase and decrease following power laws with increasing initial aspect ratio, respectively; the dimensionless final runout length and deposition height also have monotonically decreasing and increasing relationships with increasing initial solid volume fraction and strongly increasing and decreasing characteristics during the transfer from the viscous flow regime to the inertial flow regime with increasing Stokes number, respectively. The simulation results indicate that the dynamic mechanism of the fluidization transformation is controlled by the Stokes number and initial solid volume fraction. Moreover, the coupling effect of the Stokes number, initial solid volume fraction and initial aspect ratio controls the collapse process of the initially saturated granular column.
Knowledge, awareness and practices of Pakistani professionals amid-COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Khan Samea , Gilani Usman Shah , Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Hussain Tanveer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnd of the year 2019 marks an unprecedented outbreak of a pandemic named COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2. It was first discovered in China and later spread to the whole world, currently inflicting almost 200 countries. After China, few other countries have emerged as potential epicenters of this disease including the US, Italy, Spain and Pakistan, as indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since proper preventive and curative measures in the form of a vaccine or medication are currently unavailable throughout the world, the only remedy devised to stop the spread of this virus is self-isolation. Such a measure necessitates ample awareness and understanding among people to avoid actions that lead to the spread of this virus. Pakistan is the fifth-most populous country in the world (212.2 million) and has a record of contagious outbreaks in the past. Therefore, it is key to evaluate the general understanding regarding the cause, spread and control of this disease in Pakistani population and acquire data to anticipate the possible spread and persistence of this disease to design relevant preventive measures. We have attempted to collect such data from professionals who are susceptible to acquiring the infection due to an unavoidable exposure. Keeping in view the current lock down, we have relied on an internet based collection of data by filling a self-designed questionnaire that is responded to by 1132. Descriptive and Frequency Analysis were performed on the responses received using MS Excel and SPSS software. A total of 1132 individuals responded to the questionnaire among which include academic (45.8%), non-academic (20.8%), healthcare (7.8%), security (5.9%) and other (19.7%) professionals. The questionnaire addressed the level of basic information regarding the cause, spread, cure and prevention of this disease among professionals, in an attempt to provide directions for awareness campaigns at different levels in Pakistan and provide a model for similar outbreaks in the future.To our expectations, almost after a month of the coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan, above 50% to up to 90% of the recorded responses against every question showed ample understanding regarding the cause, spread and control of the disease which is an indicator of effective public awareness campaigns throughout the country largely based on media drive.
Metabolomics analysis of grains of wheat infected and noninfected with Tilletia controversa Kühn
Authors: Ren Zhaoyu , Fang Mingke , Muhae-Ud-Din Ghulam , Gao Haifeng , Yang Yazhen , Liu Taiguo , Chen Wanquan , Gao Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDwarf bunt caused by the pathogen Tilletia controversa Kühn is one of the most serious quarantine diseases of winter wheat. Metabolomics studies provide detailed information about the biochemical changes at the cell and tissue levels of plants. In the present study, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics approach was used to investigate the changes in the grain metabolomics of infected and noninfected with T. controversa samples. PCA suggested that T. controversa-infected and noninfected samples were separated during the interaction. LC/MS analysis showed that 62 different metabolites were recorded in the grains, among which a total of 34 metabolites were upregulated and 28 metabolites were downregulated. Prostaglandins (PGs) and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (9-HODEs) are fungal toxin-related substances, and their expression significantly increased in T. controversa-infected grains. Additionally, the concentrations of cucurbic acid and octadecatrienoic acid changed significantly after pathogen infection, which play a large role in plant defense. The eight different metabolic pathways activated during T. controversa and wheat plant interactions included phenylalanine metabolism, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, we found differences in the metabolic profiles of wheat grains after T. controversa infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the metabolites in wheat grains after T. controversa infection.
Spoken Discourse Assessment and Analysis in Aphasia: An International Survey of Current Practices
Authors: Stark Brielle C. , Dutta Manaswita , Murray Laura L. , Fromm Davida , Bryant Lucy , Harmon Tyson G. , Ramage Amy E. , Roberts Angela C. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Spoken discourse analysis is commonly employed in the assessment and treatment of people living with aphasia, yet there is no standardization in assessment, analysis, or reporting procedures, thereby precluding comparison/meta-analyses of data and hindering replication of findings. An important first step is to identify current practices in collecting and analyzing spoken discourse in aphasia. Thus, this study surveyed current practices, with the goal of working toward standardizing spoken discourse assessment first in research settings with subsequent implementation into clinical settings.

Method
A mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) survey was publicized to researchers and clinicians around the globe who have collected and/or analyzed spoken discourse data in aphasia. The survey data were collected between September and November 2019.

Results
Of the 201 individuals who consented to participate, 189 completed all mandatory questions in the survey (with fewer completing nonmandatory response questions). The majority of respondents reported barriers to utilizing discourse including transcription, coding, and analysis. The most common barrier was time (e.g., lack of time). Respondents also indicated that there was a lack of, and a need for, psychometric properties and normative data for spoken discourse use in the assessment and treatment of persons with aphasia. Quantitative and qualitative results are described in detail.

Conclusions
The current survey study evaluated spoken discourse methods in aphasia across research and clinical settings. Findings from this study will be used to guide development of process standardization in spoken discourse and for the creation of a psychometric and normative property database.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16639510
Spatial and temporal variations of the Chandra ACIS particle-induced background and development of a spectral-model generation tool
Authors: Suzuki H. , Plucinsky P. P. , Gaetz T. J. , Bamba A. 
Published: September 2021

Context. In X-ray observations, estimating the particle-induced background is important, especially for faint and/or diffuse sources. Although software exists to generate total (sky and detector) background data suitable for a given Chandra ACIS observation, no public software exists to model the particle-induced background separately.
Aims. We aimed to understand the spatial and temporal variations of the particle-induced background of Chandra ACIS obtained in the two data modes, VFAINT and FAINT.
Methods. Observations performed with ACIS in the stowed position shielded from the sky and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) data sets were used. The spectra were modeled with a combination of the instrumental lines of Al, Si, Ni, and Au and continuum components. The spatial variations of the spectral shapes were modeled by dividing each CCD into 32 regions in the CHIPY direction. The temporal variations of the spectral shapes were modeled using all the individual ACIS-stowed observations.
Results. Similar spatial variations of the spectral shapes were found in VFAINT and FAINT data, which are mainly due to the inappropriate correction of charge transfer inefficiency for events that convert in the frame-store regions. The temporal variation of the spectral hardness ratio is ∼10% maximum, which seems to be largely due to solar activity. We modeled this variation by modifying the spectral hardnesses according to the total count rate. Incorporating these properties, we developed a tool, mkacispback, to generate the particle-induced background spectral model corresponding to an arbitrary celestial observation. As an example application, we used the background spectrum produced by the mkacispback tool in an analysis of the unresolved cosmic X-ray background in the CDF-S observations. We found intensities of 3.10 (2.98–3.21)×10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2 in the 2–8 keV band and 8.35 (8.00–8.70)×10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2 in the 1–2 keV band, which are consistent with or lower than previous estimates.
Conclusions. We modeled the spatial and temporal variations of the particle-induced background spectra of the Chandra ACIS-I and the S1, S2, and S3 CCDs, and developed a tool to generate a spectral model for an arbitrary celestial observation.
Global Thrombosis Test: Occlusion by Coagulation or SIPA?
Authors: Clavería Viviana , Yang Patricia J. , Griffin Michael T. , Ku David N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe global thrombosis test (GTT) is a point of care device that tests thrombotic and thrombolytic status. The device exposes whole blood flow to a combination of both high and low shear stress past and between ball bearings potentially causing thrombin and fibrin formation. The question arises as to whether thrombosis in the GTT is dominated by coagulation-triggered red clot or high shear-induced white clot. We investigated the nature of the thrombus formed in the GTT, the device efficacy, human factors use, and limitations. The GTT formed clots that were histologically fibrin-rich with trapped red blood cells. The occlusion time (OT) was more consistent with coagulation than high shear white clot and was strongly lengthened by heparin and citrate, two common anticoagulants. The clot was lysed by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), also consistent with a fibrin-rich red clot. Changing the bead to a collagen-coated surface and eliminating the low shear zone between the beads induced a rapid OT consistent with a platelet-rich thrombus that was relatively resistant to heparin or tPA. The evidence points to the GTT as occluding primarily due to fibrin-rich red clot from coagulation rather than high shear platelet aggregation and occlusion associated with arterial thrombosis.
Effect of bio‐banding on physiological and technical‐tactical key performance indicators in youth elite soccer
Authors: Lüdin Dennis , Donath Lars , Cobley Stephen , Romann Michael 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBio‐banding has been introduced to reduce the impact of inter‐individual differences due to biological maturation among youth athletes. Existing studies in youth soccer have generally examined the pilot‐testing application of bio‐banding. This is the first study that investigated whether bio‐banded (BB) versus chronological age (CA) competition affects reliable physiological and technical‐tactical in‐game key performance indicators (KPIs) using a randomized cross‐over repeated measures design. Sixty‐five youth elite soccer players from the under‐13 (U13) and under‐14 (U14) age category and with maturity offsets (MO) between −2.5 and 0.5 years, competed in both a BB and CA game. For statistical analysis, players were divided into four sub‐groups according to CA and MO: U13MOlow (CA ≤ 12.7, MO ≤ −1.4), U13MOhigh (CA ≤ 12.7, MO > −1.4), U14MOlow (CA > 12.7, MO ≤ −1.4), U14MOhigh (CA > 12.7, MO > −1.4). The two‐factor mixed ANOVA revealed significant (p < .05) interactions between competition format and sub‐group for the KPIs high accelerations ( = .176), conquered balls ( = .227) and attack balls ( = .146). Especially, U13MOhigh (i.e. early maturing players) faced a higher physiological challenge by having more high accelerations (|d| = 0.6) in BB games. Notably, U14MOlow (i.e. late maturing players) had more opportunities to show their technical‐tactical abilities during BB games with more conquered balls (|d| = 1.1) and attack balls (|d| = 1.6). Affected KPIs indicate new challenges and learning opportunities during BB competition depending on a player's individual maturity status. Bio‐banding can beneficially be applied to enhance the talent development of youth elite soccer players.
Video-nystagmography test findings in post COVID-19 patients
Authors: Abdelrahman Tayseer Taha , Shafik Noha Ali 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
There is growing evidence of neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in some otoneurological subjective symptoms such as balance disorders. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of equilibrium disorders such as dizziness and vertigo in a sample of COVID-19 patients after recovery. The effect of COVID-19 on the vestibular system and the correlation between the severity of the infection and the effect on the vestibular system was investigated.

Methods
Twenty Post COVID-19 subjects after complete cure who complain of dizziness were subjected to full history taking, Otological examination, Pure tone audiometry, and Videonystagmography test.

Results
Half of the patients have a history of the sense of imbalance attacks and most patients showed positional nystagmus followed by caloric weakness. Half of the patients that had a history of severe COVID-19 disease have a symmetrical caloric response. However, two-thirds with a history of either mild or moderate degree COVID-19 had asymmetrical caloric response with a significant difference between the incidence in severe versus mild and moderate degrees reflecting a significant association between the severity of the disease and the caloric asymmetry.

Conclusion
The SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect different parts of the vestibular system.
The isotropic attractor solution of axion-SU(2) inflation: universal isotropization in Bianchi type-I geometry
Authors: Wolfson Ira , Maleknejad Azadeh , Murata Tomoaki , Komatsu Eiichiro , Kobayashi Tsutomu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
SU(2) gauge fields coupled to an axion field can acquire an
isotropic background solution during inflation. We study
homogeneous but anisotropic inflationary solutions in the presence
of such (massless) gauge fields. A gauge field in the cosmological
background may pose a threat to spatial isotropy. We show, however,
that such models generally isotropize in Bianchi type-I
geometry, and the isotropic solution is the attractor. Restricting
the setup by adding an axial symmetry, we revisited the numerical
analysis presented in [1]. We find that the
reported numerical breakdown in the previous analysis is an artifact
of parametrization singularity. We use a new parametrization that is
well-defined all over the phase space. We show that the system
respects the cosmic no-hair conjecture and the anisotropies always
dilute away within a few e-folds.