bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plantWedelia trilobataunder heterogeneous light conditions
Authors: Pu Lei , Cheng Lang , Li Ai , Liang Sha , Wei Qing , Wu Shulan , He Linxuan , Xu Xiangning , Lei Ningfei , Chen Jinsong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlant invasion is one of the most serious threats to ecosystems worldwide. When invasive plants with the ability of clonal growth invading or colonizing in new habitat, their interconnected ramets may suffer from heterogeneous light. Effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plants are poorly understood under heterogeneous light conditions. To investigate the effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plant Wedelia trilobata under heterogeneous light conditions, a pot experiment was conducted by using its clonal fragments with two successive ramets. The older ramets were exposed to full light, whereas the younger ones were subjected to 20% full light. The younger ramets of each clonal fragment were adjacently grown with a target plant (one tomato seedling) in a pot. Stolon between two successive ramets was either severed or retained intact. In addition, two tomato seedlings (one as target plant) were adjacently grown in a pot as contrast. Compared with severing stolon, biomass accumulation, foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and net photosynthetic rates of the target plants as well as their root length and activity, were significantly decreased when stolon between interconnected ramets of W. trilobata retained intact. Under heterogeneous light conditions, transportation or sharing of carbohydrate between two successive ramets enhanced allelopathy of the young ramets subjected to 20% full light treatment. It is suggested that clonal integration may be important for invasion or colonization of invasive plants with ability of clonal growth under heterogeneous light conditions.
Secretion rates and protein composition of extracellular vesicles released by cancer-associated fibroblasts after radiation
Authors: Berzaghi Rodrigo , Islam Ashraful , Hellevik Turid , Martinez-Zubiaurre Inigo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reciprocal communication between the malignant and non-malignant cellular elements in tumors is essential for cancer sustainability and plays an important role in the response of cancers to treatments. Some of this cellular crosstalk takes place via secretion of vesicles that are actively released into the extracellular space by most cell types in tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated radiation-induced changes in the secretion rate and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs), with impact on radiation-related cellular communication. However, little is known about the effects of different radiation regimens on the release of EVs by cells of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we provide a comprehensive molecular characterization of EVs released by cultured primary lung tumor fibroblasts. We explore the quantitative and morphological changes triggered by ionizing radiation (IR), delivered as a single dose of 18 Gy or three consecutive daily medium-doses of 6 Gy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrete EVs with sizes ranging from 80 to 200 nm, expressing some of the classical exosome markers. Exposing CAFs to a single-high radiation dose (1 × 18 Gy) or fractionated medium-dose did not alter the release of CAF-EVs. The protein composition of CAF-EVs was analyzed by LC-MS/MS proteomics and revealed that CAF-EVs are enriched with heat shock proteins, integrins, tetraspanins, proteinases, collagens, growth factors and an array of molecules involved in the regulation of cell migration and the immune system. Quantitative proteomic analyses revealed minor changes in the protein composition of CAF-EVs after radiation exposure. Taken together, this study presents original data on lung tumor CAF-EV composition and reveals that release and protein cargo of CAF-EVs are largely unaltered after exposing CAFs to IR.
Behavior of the electron spin resonance signals in X-ray irradiated human fingernails for the establishment of a dose reconstruction procedure
Authors: Hirota Seiko , Gonzales Chryzel Angelica B , Yasuda Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The retrospective dosimetry that follows accidental X-ray exposure is becoming more significant for improving radiation diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the dosimetric properties of electron spin resonance (ESR) signals in X-ray irradiated fingernails under conditions that resemble realistic situations. We collected fingernails from 12 Japanese donors between the ages of 30 to 70. The sampled fingernails were utilized for X-ray irradiation, mechanical stimulation and background measurements. We also collected 10 toenails from one of the donors to evaluate their differences from fingernails. Additionally, we prepared 15 samples from two donors to compare the signals generated by γ-rays to those by X-rays. After observing the linear dose–response for both X- and γ-ray irradiated samples, we found that the sensitivity of the air-absorbed dose of γ-ray irradiated samples was identical to that of X-ray irradiated samples. The effect from secondary electrons seemed to be small in fingernails. The inter-individual variation in the sensitivity was no greater than the intra-individual variation. The signal intensities in each measurement fluctuated about the linear response curve, and the size of the fluctuation was dependent on the sample. The average fluctuation corresponded to 1.7 Gy, and the standard deviation was 1.3 Gy. The signal induced by X-rays could be erased by soaking the samples in water and subsequently drying them for four days, which allowed us to estimate the signal intensity prior to the exposure. These characteristics of the ESR signal induced by X-rays facilitate the development of a feasible protocol for fingernail dose reconstruction.
Update of the particle irradiation data ensemble (PIDE) for cell survival
Authors: Friedrich Thomas , Pfuhl Tabea , Scholz Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The particle irradiation data ensemble (PIDE) is the largest database of cell survival data measured after exposure to ion beams and photon reference radiation. We report here on the updated version of the PIDE database and demonstrate how to investigate generic properties of radiation dose response using these sets of raw data. The database now contains information of over 1100 pairs of photon and ion dose response curves. It provides the originally published raw data of cell survival in addition to given linear quadratic (LQ) model parameters. If available, the raw data were used to derive LQ model parameters in the same way for all experiments. To demonstrate the extent of the database and the variability among experiments we focus on the dose response curves after ion and photon radiation separately in a first step. Furthermore, we discuss the capability and the limitations of the database for analyzing properties of low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation response based on multiple experiments. PIDE is freely available to the research community under www.gsi.de/bio-pide.
Evaluating XR: Standards for an emerging DH medium
Authors: Szabo Victoria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Evaluating scholarly work in extended reality for the humanities requires understanding of both scientific and humanistic standards for the work. This article shows how humanities values and interests intersect, and at times conflict, with norms developed for the medium in scientific contexts, and reflects on the risks humanists take in exploring new approaches to scholarly practice. The discussion draws upon the work of a recent Digital Humanities (DH) institute that reflected on how the Extended Reality (XR) goals of immersiveness, completeness, and realism compete with valuing the visible traces of ambiguity, uncertainly, incompleteness, and foregrounding argument and documentation. It considers approaches to creating evaluation guidelines for XR as an extension of existing DH guidelines published by scholarly societies, and suggests ways in which multiple of these approaches to evaluation might converge in, on the one hand, multi-modal and reflective XR documentation practices that include written supplements, and on the other, in broadening the scope of what kinds of creative and storytelling work fit into academic evaluation contexts in the humanities.
Committing to an Infection Prevention Initiative
Authors: Meddings Jennifer , Chopra Vineet , Saint Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What motivates a hospital administration to take on an infection prevention initiative? It may simply reflect a hospital’s culture of excellence, a commitment to patient safety, though that may be combined with a determination to keep up with competing institutions or to avoid federal financial penalties. Quality initiatives can drain staff time and energy but save substantial dollars in the long run. Once the decision to proceed with the catheter-associated urinary tract infection initiative is made, hospital leaders start a team-building process, choosing an executive sponsor with experience on the wards, the project’s main venue. The sponsor in turn selects a project manager, who will find physician and nurse champions to carry the goals and content of the initiative to the staff. The initiative calls for the adoption of a bundle of evidence-based behaviors—in this case, to reduce the unnecessary use of indwelling urinary catheters known as Foleys.
Types of Interventions
Authors: Meddings Jennifer , Chopra Vineet , Saint Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), while initially making great strides in 2003, has declined as use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) has grown tremendously over the past two decades. The convenience of a PICC has led to sicker patients being treated outside the intensive care unit, and there has been little recognition of a trade-off between benefits and risks after PICC placement. For these reasons, CLABSI prevention has become more challenging. This chapter describes the contents of an infection prevention bundle for CLABSI. In the case of CLABSI, the intervention outlines appropriate and inappropriate uses of central lines. Several new tools are discussed, which help doctors and nurses think through which device is most appropriate for any given patient.
Building the Team
Authors: Meddings Jennifer , Chopra Vineet , Saint Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The recruitment of a nurse champion and a physician champion is described in detail. At in-person meetings and via online presentations, team members familiarize themselves with current catheter practices and absorb the new protocols. They decide which medical floor unit will be the first target and pilot project for the initiative. Their criteria: a unit with a track record for cooperating with interventions and that also has a sizable number of Foleys and catheter-associated urinary tract infection cases. The project manager, champions, and other team members work out implementation details—promoting the project’s goals throughout the hospital, coordinating with other ongoing quality initiatives in the hospital, and identifying those people who will need special convincing. The changes will drive staff from their comfort zones, add to their workload, and challenge traditional relationships between nurses and doctors.
Taking on Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Meddings Jennifer , Chopra Vineet , Saint Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The adaptive approach used in the previous chapters to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is applied to an initiative to prevent Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection. These two initiatives differ regarding their scope, the members of their teams, and the elements of their bundles. For preventing C. difficile, for example, the most important bundle item is antimicrobial stewardship since the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics vastly increases a person’s risk of becoming infected. Infectious diseases physicians or clinical pharmacists are to examine the circumstances of antimicrobial prescriptions they have filled to see whether they meet infection prevention standards; if not, the prescribing physician will receive prompt feedback. Differences aside, the basic elements of the CAUTI framework apply, from the C-suite’s decision to go ahead with the initiative to the tactics used to sell the C. difficile bundle to the hospital staff.
How Many More Are There?
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Patients accurately diagnosis with multiple personality disorder (MPD)/dissociative identity disorder (DID) presenting with a complaint of chronic pain are rare. However, it is likely that one may have encountered such a patient and not been aware of it. When one is able to interact with the individual “personalities,” it presents a fantastic learning opportunity. There may be enormous differences in their experience of pain and the way they cope. Indeed, one or more of the “alters” may claim they do not, in fact, feel pain. MPD/DID is often triggered by some type abuse early in life. Studies have identified difference between the personalities in areas such as physical symptoms, brain wave activity, visual-evoked potential, visual function, galvanic skin response, dominant handedness, response to the same medication, allergic sensitivities, autonomic and endocrine function, and electroencephalogram. MPD/DID is very refractory to treatment. Patient should be managed is a very compassionate fashion.
An All-Consuming Problem
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This case is particularly relevant in the chronic pain setting. Patients seeking medical management, especially if they specify a particular opioid, are viewed with great suspicion. Caution is useful, but a proper assessment is necessary. A targeted prescreening can be beneficial to both the clinician and patient. It is critical to understand the difference between abnormal (aberrant) drug behavior, substance (opioid) use disorder, and addiction. All too often, a label, especially addiction, is applied inappropriately but becomes part of the medical record and follows the patient, creating a bias. Addiction has come to be regarded as a disease. There are some aspects of treatment, such as medically assisted therapies, that can be carried out by any trained clinician. However, meaningful treatment is more complicated and involves more than just trying to suppress urges. There is a tendency to take a draconian approach when addressing even the slightest vitiation of a medical agreement.
The Patient Who Remembers Tomorrow
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the percentage of individuals in the 65 years and older group grows, the probability of a patient with chronic pain and a comorbid cognitive dysfunction increases. The causes and severity of cognitive dysfunction are highly variable. The impact on the patient’s perception of, and ability to report, their pain experience can be significant. It is important to use multiple types and sources of data. Response to treatment, especially pharmacological, can be very unpredictable. The risk of adverse events is substantially greater. Treatment often requires the involvement of significant others or staff members, if the patient resides in some type of residential facility. Palliation rather than functional restoration may the goal for many. Unfortunately, it easy to underestimate, if not discount, chronic pain in the elderly and cognitively impaired. These patient deserve our utmost attention and consideration.
The Easy but Harmful Solution
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This case may represent one of the common problems faced by clinicians involved in treatment patients with chronic pain. There appears to be a growing number of patients with a sense of entitlement, which manifests itself in requests to medications to address a plethora of problems. They often resist, if not resent, suggestions for lifestyle changes, (eg, exercise, diet, smoking reduction, use of nutritional supplements, stress management, etc.). They perceive and prefer pharmacological therapy (ie, chemical coping). This helps to dissolver them of any responsibility for the problems and encourages iatrogenic dependence on the medical system. Sometimes writing a prescription is the most efficient way to end on office-based consultation. This approach, however, may be detrimental to the patient in the long run.
Is This All There Is?
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The angry and dissatisfied patient is a reality that every clinician will face eventually. In many cases, this is related to unrealistic treatment goals and expectations. Some patients are perpetually angry, for reasons that are often unclear. Their anger, and manner in which it is expressed, can contribute to the intensity and impact of the pain. Their emotional displays can be somewhat histrionic and disruptive. Some are included tor act out via medication abuse or threats of litigation. Early assessment and the ruling out of a personality disorder should be considered. Boundaries need to be set and appropriate consequences enforced. The clinician must maintain a professional attitude. The difficult patient often finds creating chaos reinforcing.
Teenager With Disabling Leg Pain
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of chronic pain among children and adolescents appears to be increasing. The treatment options are limited. Understandably, one would want to minimize, if not avoid, long-term use of opioids. There are a number of modality and nonopioid therapies available. One approach often overlooked and underutilized, with all age groups, in the use of nutritional and dietary supplements. Many painful conditions, especially neuropathic pain, can be initialed and maintained by neuroinflammatory substances. Certain nutritional and dietary supplements can alter the effect of these substances and the abnormal neuronal functioning associated with pain. Unfortunately, the increased incidence of obesity, even among the younger age groups, reflects a continued trend toward poor dietary habits and food selection. This, along with other lifestyle issues, results in a population that is more vulnerable to developing painful disorders. For this reason, nutritional pain management should be given serious consideration.
The Psychology of Opioid Tapering
Authors: Doleys Daniel M. , Doleys Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The pendulum has swung; in this case, it may be a double pendulum. The double pendulum is a pendulum hanging from a pendulum. It is a simple physical system used in physics to demonstrate mathematical chaos. When the motion of its tip is monitored, it appears very predictable at the outset, but soon reveals a very chaotic and unpredictable pattern. It is very difficult to know where the tip of the double pendulum will be at any given time in the future. This seems to describe the course of the use of opioids, especially for the treatment of chronic pain. Once, all but ignored, then heralded, and then demonized. At every step of the way, pundits will argue the incompleteness, absence, or misinterpretation of existing data. It is important to understand the psychological environment is which the opioid tapering movement occurs and to carefully consider the process in the context of the individual patient. Simply instituting another set of presumptive evidence-based guidelines could have unforeseen, and potentially tragic, consequences for the patient.
Metallicity-dependent wind parameter predictions for OB stars
Authors: Vink Jorick S , Sander Andreas A C 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTMass-loss rates and terminal wind velocities are key parameters that determine the kinetic wind energy and momenta of massive stars. Furthermore, accurate mass-loss rates determine the mass and rotational velocity evolution of mass stars, and their fates as neutron stars and black holes in function of metallicity (Z). Here, we update our Monte Carlo mass-loss Recipe with new dynamically consistent computations of the terminal wind velocity – as a function of Z. These predictions are particularly timely as the Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) project will observe ultraviolet spectra with blue-shifted P Cygni lines of hundreds of massive stars in the low-Z Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (SMC), as well as sub-SMC metallicity hosts. Around 35 000 K, we uncover a weak-wind ‘dip’ and we present diagnostics to investigate its physics with ULLYSES and X-Shooter data. We discuss how the dip may provide important information on wind-driving physics, and how this is of key relevance towards finding a new gold-standard for OB star mass-loss rates. For B supergiants below the Fe iv to iii bi-stability jump, the terminal velocity is found to be independent of Z and M, while the mass-loss rate still varies as $\dot{M} \propto Z^{0.85}$. For O-type stars above the bi-stability jump we, find a terminal-velocity dependence of $\mbox{$v _{\infty }$}\propto Z^{0.19}$ and the Z-dependence of the mass-loss rate is found to be as shallow as $\dot{M} \propto Z^{0.42}$, implying that to reproduce the ‘heavy’ black holes from LIGO/Virgo, the ‘low Z’ requirement becomes even more stringent than was previously anticipated.
A unicorn in monoceros: the 3 M⊙ dark companion to the bright, nearby red giant V723 Mon is a non-interacting, mass-gap black hole candidate
Authors: Jayasinghe T , Stanek K Z , Thompson Todd A , Kochanek C S , Rowan D M , Vallely P J , Strassmeier K G , Weber M , Hinkle J T , Hambsch F-J , Martin D V , Prieto J L , Pessi T , Huber D , Auchettl K , Lopez L A , Ilyin I , Badenes C , Howard A W , Isaacson H , Murphy S J 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of the closest known black hole candidate as a binary companion to V723 Mon. V723 Mon is a nearby ($d\sim 460\, \rm pc$), bright (V ≃ 8.3 mag), evolved (Teff, giant ≃ 4440 K, and Lgiant ≃ 173 L⊙) red giant in a high mass function, f(M) = 1.72 ± 0.01 M⊙, nearly circular binary (P = 59.9 d, e ≃ 0). V723 Mon is a known variable star, previously classified as an eclipsing binary, but its All-Sky Automated Survey, Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite light curves are those of a nearly edge-on ellipsoidal variable. Detailed models of the light curves constrained by the period, radial velocities, and stellar temperature give an inclination of $87.0^{\circ ^{+1.7^\circ }}_{-1.4^\circ }$, a mass ratio of q ≃ 0.33 ± 0.02, a companion mass of Mcomp = 3.04 ± 0.06 M⊙, a stellar radius of Rgiant = 24.9 ± 0.7 R⊙, and a giant mass of Mgiant = 1.00 ± 0.07 M⊙. We identify a likely non-stellar, diffuse veiling component with contributions in the B and V band of ${\sim }63{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and ${\sim }24{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. The SED and the absence of continuum eclipses imply that the companion mass must be dominated by a compact object. We do observe eclipses of the Balmer lines when the dark companion passes behind the giant, but their velocity spreads are low compared to observed accretion discs. The X-ray luminosity of the system is $L_{\rm X}\simeq 7.6\times 10^{29}~\rm ergs~s^{-1}$, corresponding to L/Ledd ∼ 10−9. The simplest explanation for the massive companion is a single compact object, most likely a black hole in the ‘mass gap’.