bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ProBGP: Progressive Visual Analytics of Live BGP Updates
Authors: Ulmer A. , Sessler D. , Kohlhammer J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global routing network is the backbone of the Internet. However, it is quite vulnerable to attacks that cause major disruptions or routing manipulations. Prior related works have visualized routing path changes with node link diagrams, but it requires strong domain expertise to understand if a routing change between autonomous systems is suspicious. Geographic visualization has an advantage over conventional node‐link diagrams by helping uncover such suspicious routes as the user can immediately see if a path is the shortest path to the target or an unreasonable detour. In this paper, we present ProBGP, a web‐based progressive approach to visually analyze BGP update routes. We created a novel progressive data processing algorithm for the geographic approximation of autonomous systems and combined it with a progressively updating visualization. While the newest log data is continuously loaded, our approach also allows querying the entire log recordings since 1999. We present the usefulness of our approach with a real use case of a major route leak from June 2019. We report on multiple interviews with domain experts throughout the development. Finally, we evaluated our algorithm quantitatively against a public peering database and qualitatively against AS network maps.
Local Extraction of 3D Time‐Dependent Vector Field Topology
Authors: Hofmann Lutz , Sadlo Filip 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an approach to local extraction of 3D time‐dependent vector field topology. In this concept, Lagrangian coherent structures, which represent the separating manifolds in time‐dependent transport, correspond to generalized streak manifolds seeded along hyperbolic path surfaces (HPSs). Instead of expensive and numerically challenging direct computation of the HPSs by intersection of ridges in the forward and backward finite‐time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields, our approach employs local extraction of respective candidates in the four‐dimensional space‐time domain. These candidates are subsequently refined toward the hyperbolic path surfaces, which provides unsteady equivalents of saddle‐type critical points, periodic orbits, and bifurcation lines from steady, traditional vector field topology. In contrast to FTLE‐based methods, we obtain an explicit geometric representation of the topological skeleton of the flow, which for steady flows coincides with the hyperbolic invariant manifolds of vector field topology. We evaluate our approach on analytical flows, as well as data from computational fluid dynamics, using the FTLE as a ground truth superset, i.e., we also show that FTLE ridges exhibit several types of false positives.
Thin‐Volume Visualization on Curved Domains
Authors: Herter Felix , Hege Hans‐Christian , Hadwiger Markus , Lepper Verena , Baum Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThin, curved structures occur in many volumetric datasets. Their analysis using classical volume rendering is difficult because parts of such structures can bend away or hide behind occluding elements. This problem cannot be fully compensated by effective navigation alone, as structure‐adapted navigation in the volume is cumbersome and only parts of the structure are visible in each view. We solve this problem by rendering a spatially transformed view of the volume so that an unobstructed visualization of the entire curved structure is obtained. As a result, simple and intuitive navigation becomes possible. The domain of the spatial transform is defined by a triangle mesh that is topologically equivalent to an open disc and that approximates the structure of interest. The rendering is based on ray‐casting, in which the rays traverse the original volume. In order to carve out volumes of varying thicknesses, the lengths of the rays as well as the positions of the mesh vertices can be easily modified by interactive painting under view control.We describe a prototypical implementation and demonstrate the interactive visual inspection of complex structures from digital humanities, biology, medicine, and material sciences. The visual representation of the structure as a whole allows for easy inspection of interesting substructures in their original spatial context. Overall, we show that thin, curved structures in volumetric data can be excellently visualized using ray‐casting‐based volume rendering of transformed views defined by guiding surface meshes, supplemented by interactive, local modifications of ray lengths and vertex positions.
Hornero: Thunderstorms Characterization using Visual Analytics
Authors: Diehl Alexandra , Pelorosso Rodrigo , Ruiz Juan , Pajarola Renato , Gröller M. Eduard , Bruckner Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnalyzing the evolution of thunderstorms is critical in determining the potential for the development of severe weather events. Existing visualization systems for short‐term weather forecasting (nowcasting) allow for basic analysis and prediction of storm developments. However, they lack advanced visual features for efficient decision‐making. We developed a visual analytics tool for the detection of hazardous thunderstorms and their characterization, using a visual design centered on a reformulated expert task workflow that includes visual features to overview storms and quickly identify high‐impact weather events, a novel storm graph visualization to inspect and analyze the storm structure, as well as a set of interactive views for efficient identification of similar storm cells (known as analogs) in historical data and their use for nowcasting. Our tool was designed with and evaluated by meteorologists and expert forecasters working in short‐term operational weather forecasting of severe weather events. Results show that our solution suits the forecasters' workflow. Our visual design is expressive, easy to use, and effective for prompt analysis and quick decision‐making in the context of short‐range operational weather forecasting.
Visual Analysis of Spatio‐temporal Phenomena with 1D Projections
Authors: Franke M. , Martin H. , Koch S. , Kurzhals K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is crucial to visually extrapolate the characteristics of their evolution to understand critical spatio‐temporal events such as earthquakes, fires, or the spreading of a disease. Animations embedded in the spatial context can be helpful for understanding details, but have proven to be less effective for overview and comparison tasks. We present an interactive approach for the exploration of spatio‐temporal data, based on a set of neighborhood‐preserving 1D projections which help identify patterns and support the comparison of numerous time steps and multivariate data. An important objective of the proposed approach is the visual description of local neighborhoods in the 1D projection to reveal patterns of similarity and propagation. As this locality cannot generally be guaranteed, we provide a selection of different projection techniques, as well as a hierarchical approach, to support the analysis of different data characteristics. In addition, we offer an interactive exploration technique to reorganize and improve the mapping locally to users' foci of interest. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach with different real‐world application scenarios and discuss the feedback we received from domain and visualization experts.
A Progressive Approach for Uncertainty Visualization in Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Siddiqui Faizan , Höllt Thomas , Vilanova Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique that, combined with fiber tracking algorithms, allows the characterization and visualization of white matter structures in the brain. The resulting fiber tracts are used, for example, in tumor surgery to evaluate the potential brain functional damage due to tumor resection. The DTI processing pipeline from image acquisition to the final visualization is rather complex generating undesirable uncertainties in the final results. Most DTI visualization techniques do not provide any information regarding the presence of uncertainty. When planning surgery, a fixed safety margin around the fiber tracts is often used; however, it cannot capture local variability and distribution of the uncertainty, thereby limiting the informed decision‐making process. Stochastic techniques are a possibility to estimate uncertainty for the DTI pipeline. However, it has high computational and memory requirements that make it infeasible in a clinical setting. The delay in the visualization of the results adds hindrance to the workflow. We propose a progressive approach that relies on a combination of wild‐bootstrapping and fiber tracking to be used within the progressive visual analytics paradigm. We present a local bootstrapping strategy, which reduces the computational and memory costs, and provides fiber‐tracking results in a progressive manner. We have also implemented a progressive aggregation technique that computes the distances in the fiber ensemble during progressive bootstrap computations. We present experiments with different scenarios to highlight the benefits of using our progressive visual analytic pipeline in a clinical workflow along with a use case and analysis obtained by discussions with our collaborators.
VICE: Visual Identification and Correction of Neural Circuit Errors
Authors: Gonda Felix , Wang Xueying , Beyer Johanna , Hadwiger Markus , Lichtman Jeff W. , Pfister Hanspeter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA connectivity graph of neurons at the resolution of single synapses provides scientists with a tool for understanding the nervous system in health and disease. Recent advances in automatic image segmentation and synapse prediction in electron microscopy (EM) datasets of the brain have made reconstructions of neurons possible at the nanometer scale. However, automatic segmentation sometimes struggles to segment large neurons correctly, requiring human effort to proofread its output. General proofreading involves inspecting large volumes to correct segmentation errors at the pixel level, a visually intensive and time‐consuming process. This paper presents the design and implementation of an analytics framework that streamlines proofreading, focusing on connectivity‐related errors. We accomplish this with automated likely‐error detection and synapse clustering that drives the proofreading effort with highly interactive 3D visualizations. In particular, our strategy centers on proofreading the local circuit of a single cell to ensure a basic level of completeness. We demonstrate our framework's utility with a user study and report quantitative and subjective feedback from our users. Overall, users find the framework more efficient for proofreading, understanding evolving graphs, and sharing error correction strategies.
Uncertainty‐aware Visualization in Medical Imaging ‐ A Survey
Authors: Gillmann Christina , Saur Dorothee , Wischgoll Thomas , Scheuermann Gerik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMedical imaging (image acquisition, image transformation, and image visualization) is a standard tool for clinicians in order to make diagnoses, plan surgeries, or educate students. Each of these steps is affected by uncertainty, which can highly influence the decision‐making process of clinicians. Visualization can help in understanding and communicating these uncertainties. In this manuscript, we aim to summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art in uncertainty‐aware visualization in medical imaging. Our report is based on the steps involved in medical imaging as well as its applications. Requirements are formulated to examine the considered approaches. In addition, this manuscript shows which approaches can be combined to form uncertainty‐aware medical imaging pipelines. Based on our analysis, we are able to point to open problems in uncertainty‐aware medical imaging.
Contact dermatitis from glucose sensors in Spain: A multicentric approach
Authors: Gatica‐Ortega María‐Elena , Mowitz Martin , Pastor‐Nieto María‐Antonia , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco J. , Fernández‐Redondo Virginia , Hernández‐Cano Natalia , Borrego Leopoldo , Gómez‐de‐la‐Fuente Enrique , Torralba Miguel , Svedman Cecilia , Giménez‐Arnau Ana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis from glucose sensors may interfere with their ongoing application.ObjectiveTo evaluate a series of Spanish patients with contact dermatitis to glucose sensors regarding former sources of contact allergens, patch test results, and outcomes from the ongoing use of the device.MethodsA series of patients with contact dermatitis from glucose sensors was investigated in eight dermatology departments across Spain (epidemiological features, brands, latency time to develop dermatitis, the ability to continue using the devices as well as the patch test results).ResultsThirty patients were evaluated (mean age 20.9 years). A total of 66.7% were children and 66.7% female. Ninety per cent used Freestyle Libre (FSL). Eight of 26 (30.8%) reacted to isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and two of 20 (10.0%) to N,N dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The mean latency time to develop dermatitis was 9 months. Sixteen of 29 (55.2%) patients continued using the same sensor causing the reaction. Thirteen of 29 (44.8%) patients were unable to continue using the sensor because of severe reactions. Of these, five were positive to IBOA, one to IBOA and DMAA, one to DMAA, one to colophony, and one to isopropyl alcohol wipes. In one patient, the outcome was unknown.ConclusionThe frequency of sensitisation to IBOA and DMAA, was lower than in other European series, but similar to a previously published Spanish article. Legislation requiring manufacturers to provide information regarding the composition of medical devices and cooperate with the investigations into contact dermatitis is urgently needed.
Financial conditions and the well‐being of the real estate sector—A bottom‐up default analysis on five ASEAN economies
Authors: Sun Wei , Yiu Matthew S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of financial conditions, for example, cross‐border capital flows, interest rates and foreign exchange rates, on the well‐being of the real estate developers in five Association of Southeast Asian Nations economies. The study uses a Bottom‐up Default Analysis model to stress test their creditworthiness by reproducing the financial shocks during the global financial crisis, taper tantrum, and the U.S.‐China trade war and COVID‐19 pandemic. The median developers remain sound under the prescribed adversities. The performance is underpinned by their strong fundamentals and a conducive mix of monetary, foreign exchange, and open capital account policies by national authorities.
Physiological significance of pre‐ and post‐ejection left ventricular tissue velocities and relations to mitral and aortic valve closures
Authors: Støylen Asbjørn , Daae Annichen Søyland 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTissue Doppler shows short duration velocity spikes during pre‐ and post‐ejection (protodiastole). They have been assumed to be isovolumic contraction and relaxation movements, but this is not in accordance with newer studies.MethodsWe examined 22 healthy volunteers. Valve closures and openings were determined from spectral Doppler from LVOT and mitral inflow and transferred to colour tissue Doppler recordings for comparison with tissue velocities, colour M‐mode and strain rate (SR).ResultsPre‐ejection positive velocity spikes were simultaneous in both walls, starting ca. 24.8 ± 10.1 ms after start QRS, duration 51.5 ± 10.8 ms, ending 10.2 ± 11.5 ms after mitral valve closure (MVC) (p < 0.001). There were corresponding colour tracings and negative strain rate. Protodiastolic lengthening was predominant in the septum. Negative velocity spikes had a duration of 35.5 ± 10.7 ms, ending 9.5 ± 14.7 ms after aortic valve closure (AVC, p < 0.001) in septum. During isovolumic relaxation, strain rate showed apical lengthening (Peak SR—0.72 ± 0.50 s−1) and basal shortening (Peak SR 0.44 ± 0.63 s−1).ConclusionElectromechanical activation of the LV is simultaneous in septum and lateral wall, occurs before MVC, is terminated by MVC itself and is thus not isovolumic. Protodiastole is a short event of lengthening, predominantly in the septum. It may be the mechanism for valve closure and ends by AVC itself. Isovolumic relaxation occurs after this velocity spike, and is characterized by elongation of the apex, shortening of the base, thus showing a volume shift from base towards apex.
Impact of time to diagnosis on Mayo stages, treatment outcome, and survival in patients with AL amyloidosis and cardiac involvement
Authors: Oubari Sara , Naser Eyad , Papathanasiou Maria , Luedike Peter , Hagenacker Tim , Thimm Andreas , Rischpler Christoph , Kessler Lukas , Kimmich Christoph , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan , Rassaf Tienush , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Dürig Jan , Dührsen Ulrich , Carpinteiro Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the impact of time to diagnosis on cardiac Mayo stages, treatment outcome, and overall survival.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 77 consecutive patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2020 with AL amyloidosis and cardiac involvement. Medical history was recorded in standardized form with the help of a questionnaire.ResultsTime from onset of symptoms of cardiac failure to diagnosis was correlated with the severity of cardiac involvement in modified Mayo 2004 and revised Mayo 2012 staging systems (rs = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.07‐0.50, P = .007 and rs = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.45, P = .03). Patients with advanced Mayo 2004 stages received reduced‐intensity regimens and had a lower probability to achieve adequate hematologic‐ and cardiac response after first‐line treatment than patients with early stages (rs = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.04‐0.48, P = .01 and rs = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.82, P < .0001) and poorer overall survival (P = .0004). Compared with patients diagnosed within the first year, patients diagnosed after 13‐18 or ≥19 months from first symptoms had a 3‐ to 5 times higher risk of dying. Our data indicate that there is a 12‐month window within which the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis needs to be established to avoid early deterioration and death.ConclusionsSensitizing physicians and raising awareness for the disease are crucial for timely diagnosis and may improve the outcome of the disease.
Localization of fibroblast growth factor 23 protein in the rat hypothalamus
Authors: Ursem Stan R. , Diepenbroek Charlene , Bacic Vesna , Unmehopa Unga A. , Eggels Leslie , Maya‐Monteiro Clarissa M. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , la Fleur Susanne E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an endocrine growth factor and known to play a pivotal role in phosphate homeostasis. Interestingly, several studies point towards a function of FGF23 in the hypothalamus. FGF23 classically activates the FGF receptor 1 in the presence of the co‐receptor αKlotho, of both gene expression in the brain was previously established. However, studies on gene and protein expression of FGF23 in the brain are scarce and have been inconsistent. Therefore, our aim was to localise FGF23 gene and protein expression in the rat brain with focus on the hypothalamus. Also, we investigated the protein expression of αKlotho. Adult rat brains were used to localise and visualise FGF23 and αKlotho protein in the hypothalamus by immunofluorescence labelling. Furthermore, western blots were used for assessing hypothalamic FGF23 protein expression. FGF23 gene expression was investigated by qPCR in punches of the arcuate nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, choroid plexus, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and the ventromedial hypothalamus. Immunoreactivity for FGF23 and αKlotho protein was found in the hypothalamus, third ventricle lining and the choroid plexus. Western blot analysis of the hypothalamus confirmed the presence of FGF23. Gene expression of FGF23 was not detected, suggesting that the observed FGF23 protein is not brain‐derived. Several FGF receptors are known to be present in the brain. Therefore, we conclude that the machinery for FGF23 signal transduction is present in several brain areas, indeed suggesting a role for FGF23 in the brain.
The risk of worsening of myasthenia by cardiovascular medication as reflected by reporting frequency
Authors: Trillenberg Peter , Katalinic Alexander , Thern Julia , Graf Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeSome groups of cardiovascular drugs (beta‐blocking drugs, Ca antagonists, antiarrhythmics) are listed as potentially worsening myasthenia. An empirical basis for alternative recommendations for antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic therapy in myasthenia patients has not yet been provided.MethodsFrom the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, we retrieved total and myasthenia‐related counts of adverse drug reactions for various groups of drugs used in cardiovascular disease and drugs with related mechanism of action used in other indications. We calculated the reporting odds ratio as a measure of a disproportional fraction of myasthenia‐related events among all events. A 95% confidence interval of reporting odds ratio (ROR) >1 was taken as an indication for a higher risk. Because our approach involves a considerable number of tests, this situation is referred to as a signal that requires additional confirmation.ResultsA signal for an increased risk was noted for tizanidine, for alpha‐blocking drugs, for beta‐blocking drugs, and for Ca antagonists. ROR indicated a lower‐than‐average risk for salbutamol, angiotensin receptor antagonists, oral anticoagulants, thrombocytic function inhibitors, and heparins.ConclusionsAngiotensin receptor antagonists, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, and diuretics seem to be safe in antihypertensive therapy. Surprisingly, and yet requiring confirmation by case reports, alpha receptor–blocking drugs seem to carry a risk of myasthenia worsening. Amiodarone seems to be a safe alternative in antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with myasthenia.