bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation in work disability burden: Identifying hotspots, coldspots, and associated sociodemographic factors
Authors: Lane Tyler J. , Collie Alex 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo identify geographic hotspots and coldspots of work disability burden and their associated sociodemographic factors in Australia.MethodsUsing Australian workers' compensation and census data, we calculated weeks of compensated time off work per 1000 labor force, an indicator of work disability burden, at Statistical Area Level 4, the smallest level of labor force data produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Records included all claims with at least 1 day of compensated time off work lodged between 2010 and 2015. Work disability burden wasz‐transformed by state and territory and mapped across Australia. Statistical Areas that were more than 1 standard deviationfrom the state or territory mean were considered hotspots and coldspots. We tested several sociodemographic factors as predictors of work disability burden.ResultsWork disability burden hotspots were concentrated in lower socioeconomic suburbs and exurbs of state capitals, in addition to several regional areas. Coldspots were primarily in wealthy central urban and suburban areas. Factors associated with greater work disability burden include higher area socioeconomic disadvantage, rurality, lower labor force participation, higher unemployment, higher proportion of work in production industries and in blue‐collar occupations, and higher numbers of those with core activity limitations, those aged 65+ years, and foreign‐born residents.ConclusionsWork disability burden is unequally distributed across Australia and strongly influenced by sociodemographic and occupational factors. The findings can guide more efficient allocation of resources for work disability prevention and rehabilitation.
G20 Summit and emergency medical services in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Tanaka Kenta , Morikawa Kosuke , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sobue Tomotaka , Nakao Shota , Nitta Masahiko , Iwami Taku , Fujimi Satoshi , Uejima Toshifumi , Miyamoto Yuji , Baba Takehiko , Mizobata Yasumitsu , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Matsuoka Tetsuya , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

AimTo assess the impact of the Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy held in Osaka City, Japan (G20 Osaka Summit) on the emergency medical services (EMS) system.MethodsThis study used the ORION database with its population‐based registry of emergency patients comprising both ambulance and in‐hospital records in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The G20 Osaka Summit was held in Osaka City from 28 to 29 June, 2019. Changes in the EMS system and traffic regulations in Osaka were made during the period from 27 to 30 June, but we focused on the two summit days as the G20 period. The control periods comprised the same calendar days 1 week before and 1 week after the G20 period. We evaluated differences in the number of emergency transports, difficulties in obtaining hospital acceptance of patients, deaths among hospitalized emergency patients, and ambulance transport times between the two periods.ResultsIn total, 2,590 cases in the G20 period and 5,152 cases in the control periods were registered. The relative risk of cases during the G20 versus control periods was 1.01 (0.96–1.05). Significant decreases were observed in the number of traffic accidents as ambulance calls (relative risk = 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.91). There were no significant differences in difficulties in obtaining hospital acceptance or deaths among hospitalized emergency patients between the G20 and control periods. In addition, ambulance transport times during the G20 period were not significantly longer than those in the control periods.ConclusionThe G20 Osaka Summit did not adversely impact the provision of emergency medical care in the Osaka area.
Aziridine Formation by a FeII/α‐Ketoglutarate Dependent Oxygenase and 2‐Aminoisobutyrate Biosynthesis in Fungi
Authors: Bunno Reito , Awakawa Takayoshi , Mori Takahiro , Abe Ikuro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAziridine is a characteristically reactive molecule with increased bioactivity due to its strained ring structure. Here, we investigated the biosynthesis of 2‐aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in Penicillium, and successfully reconstituted the three‐step biosynthesis from L‐Val to AIB in vitro. This previously unknown aziridine formation pathway proceeded with the non‐heme iron and α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent (FeII/αKG) oxygenase TqaL, followed by aziridine ring opening by the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase (HAD)‐type hydrolase TqaF, and subsequent oxidative decarboxylation by the NovR/CloR‐like non‐heme iron oxygenase TqaM. Furthermore, the X‐ray crystal structure of the C−N bond forming FeII/αKG oxygenase TqaL was solved at 2.0 Å resolution. This work presents the first molecular basis for aziridine biogenesis, thereby expanding the catalytic repertoire of the FeII/αKG oxygenases. We also report the unique aziridine ring opening by a HAD‐type hydrolase and the remarkable oxidative decarboxylation by a non‐heme iron oxygenase to produce AIB.
Uncovering the Role of Bicarbonate in Calcium Carbonate Formation at Near‐Neutral pH
Authors: Huang Yu‐Chieh , Rao Ashit , Huang Shing‐Jong , Chang Chun‐Yu , Drechsler Markus , Knaus Jennifer , Chan Jerry Chun Chung , Raiteri Paolo , Gale Julian D. , Gebauer Denis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanistic pathways relevant to mineralization are not well‐understood fundamentally, let alone in the context of their biological and geological environments. Through quantitative analysis of ion association at near‐neutral pH, we identify the involvement of HCO3− ions in CaCO3 nucleation. Incorporation of HCO3− ions into the structure of amorphous intermediates is corroborated by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, complemented by quantum mechanical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We identify the roles of HCO3− ions as being through (i) competition for ion association during the formation of ion pairs and ion clusters prior to nucleation and (ii) incorporation as a significant structural component of amorphous mineral particles. The roles of HCO3− ions as active soluble species and structural constituents in CaCO3 formation are of fundamental importance and provide a basis for a better understanding of physiological and geological mineralization.
Improved creep performance of melt‐extruded polycaprolactone/organo‐bentonite nanocomposites
Authors: Ollier Romina P. , Casado Ulises , Torres Nicolini Andres , Alvarez Vera A. , Pérez Claudio J. , Ludueña Leandro Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, biodegradable nanocomposites based on polycaprolactone reinforced with pristine and organo‐modified bentonites are prepared by melt extrusion. Bentonite is exchanged with benzalkonium chloride (CBK) in a pilot plant scale reactor. The influence of clay type and loading on morphology, rheology, mechanical properties, and creep performance of the resulting materials is analyzed. Besides, several theoretical models then applied to experimental creep data and master curves are used to relate time and temperature with the compliance of the materials. The morphology characterization of the nanocomposites show that the organo‐modification of the clay greatly improves its dispersion in the polymer matrix. As a consequence, it is demonstrated that reinforcement of PCL with 3 wt% loading of organoclay produces the strongest improvement in creep resistance. The instantaneous creep strain and the experimental creep rate decrease more than 9% and 27%, respectively, in the range of temperatures analyzed. Moreover, the experimental values are used to adequately fit theoretical creep models for different clay loadings. On the other hand, the material with optimal creep behavior also shows the greatest improvements in tensile mechanical properties.
Science for conserving Amazon freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Castello Leandro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The Amazon Basin is being degraded at unprecedented rates, yet conservation efforts have implemented protected areas to curb deforestation, leaving freshwater ecosystems vulnerable to degradation. Amazon freshwater ecosystems are largely unprotected because a terrestrial bias has limited the ability of science to affect policy.
Overcoming this bias requires increasing exchange of information among stakeholders across the basin to raise awareness of threats to Amazon freshwater ecosystems and promote discussions and access to conservation solutions. To help address this need, this Special Issue collates 15 synthetic articles that advance knowledge and identify conservation solutions.
Three articles highlight the importance of considering the hydrological and limnological processes that control the integrity of these freshwater ecosystems and offer new insights on how to extrapolate them across the basin.
Three articles on crocodilians, aquatic mammals, and migratory fishes document threats and knowledge gaps, and identify the missing role of governments as an impediment to conservation of their populations.
Three articles evaluate the multi‐faceted effects of hydropower dams on fish, birds, and floodplain trees. They reinforce perceptions that dams are key environmental threats and offer guidance for improving protocols for dam site selection and impact assessment.
Three articles assessing the effectiveness of protected areas to safeguard fish and aquatic invertebrates show there is an urgent need to redesign the Amazon protected area network to adequately protect freshwater biota.
Three forward‐looking articles show that: (i) conservation initiatives by local communities are ‘bright spots’ for freshwater conservation; (ii) microchemistry analyses of the ear bones of fishes could boost the knowledge base needed to conserve them; and (iii) strengthening the Amazon conservation framework requires a reversal of Brazil's current governmental priorities, remobilization of stakeholders, investments in capacity building, and expanding protections to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.
Cardiovascular Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in US Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Faselis Charles , Zeng‐Treitler Qing , Cheng Yan , Kerr Gail S. , Nashel David J. , Liappis Angelike P. , Weintrob Amy C. , Karasik Pamela E. , Arundel Cherinne , Boehm Denise , Heimall Michael S. , Connell Lawrence B. , Taub Daniel D. , Shao Yijun , Redd Douglas F. , Sheriff Helen M. , Zhang Sijian , Fletcher Ross D. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Moore Hans J. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may prolong the QT interval, a risk factor for torsade de pointes, a potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. This study was undertaken to examine the cardiovascular safety of HCQ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe conducted an active comparator safety study of HCQ in a propensity score–matched cohort of 8,852 US veterans newly diagnosed as having RA between October 1, 2001 and December 31, 2017. Patients were started on HCQ (n = 4,426) or another nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD; n = 4,426) after RA diagnosis, up to December 31, 2018, and followed up for 12 months after therapy initiation, up to December 31, 2019.ResultsPatients had a mean ± SD age of 64 ± 12 years, 14% were women, and 28% were African American. The treatment groups were balanced with regard to 87 baseline characteristics. There were 3 long QT syndrome events (0.03%), 2 of which occurred in patients receiving HCQ. Of the 56 arrhythmia‐related hospitalizations (0.63%), 30 occurred in patients in the HCQ group (hazard ratio [HR] associated with HCQ 1.16 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.68–1.95]). All‐cause mortality occurred in 144 (3.25%) and 136 (3.07%) of the patients in the HCQ and non‐HCQ groups, respectively (HR associated with HCQ 1.06 [95% CI, 0.84–1.34]). During the first 30 days of follow‐up, there were no long QT syndrome events, 2 arrhythmia‐related hospitalizations (none in the HCQ group), and 13 deaths (6 in the HCQ group).ConclusionOur findings indicate that the incidence of long QT syndrome and arrhythmia‐related hospitalization is low in patients with RA during the first year after the initiation of HCQ or another nonbiologic DMARD. We found no evidence that HCQ therapy is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events or death.
Immer wieder neu denken – Der Ingenieur und Hochschullehrer Stefan Polónyi † (1930–2021)
Authors: Bollinger Klaus , Hauke Bernhard , Kloft Harald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDer Ingenieur und Hochschullehrer Univ.‐Prof. em. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. mult. Stefan Polónyi ist am 9. April 2021 in Köln verstorben. Der nachfolgende Beitrag ist ein gekürztes Essay aus dem Jahrbuch Ingenieurbaukunst 2021. Dieser Beitrag erscheint auch in den Ernst & Sohn‐Zeitschriften Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau Heft 5 und Stahlbau Heft 5.
The remnant of our success
Authors: Prior Patrick , Gray William A. 
Published: May 2021

Key Points
Mortality associated with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has increased despite improved door to balloon times due to increased patient complexity with more patients presenting to the catheterization lab with cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock.
Emphasis on multimodal treatments of STEMI patients presenting with cardiogenic shock including early percutaneous coronary intervention with circulatory support when appropriate will likely provide the best clinical outcomes.
Future research should involve continued study of clinical outcomes in STEMI patients as use of various mechanical support increases.
Determination of soluble wheat protein fractions using the Bradford assay
Authors: Rekowski Azin , Langenkämper Georg , Dier Markus , Wimmer Monika A. , Scherf Katharina A. , Zörb Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesDetermination of different grain protein fractions in wheat cultivars is an important task in analyzing bread baking quality. In many laboratories, the Bradford assay is used to determine protein concentrations in solutions. In any protein assay (including Bradford), the ideal protein to use as a standard is the purified protein being assayed. In the absence of such an absolute reference, protein another protein must be selected as a relative standard such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) which is widely used. The aim of this work was to find conversion factors for BSA to determine correct albumin–globulin, gliadin, and glutenin concentrations, because these purified wheat grain protein fractions are mostly not available to be used for calibration purposes.FindingsIn case of BSA calibration, gluten concentration was underestimated (50%–54%) compared to calibration with the respective purified wheat proteins (65%–70%) in extracts of wheat grain samples. This result is explained with the different amino acid composition of BSA and wheat protein fractions leading to a more intense signal with BSA in the Bradford assay. Calibration of the Bradford assay using BSA as well as purified wheat protein fractions allowed to calculate the conversion factors of 2.11 for BSA/albumin–globulin, 4.25 for BSA/gliadin, and 3.42 for BSA/glutenin. Application of these conversion factors proved to accurately adjust protein concentrations of wheat fractions originating from ten cultivars, determined with BSA calibration of the Bradford assay.ConclusionsBSA calibration of the Bradford assay in combination with the conversion factors can be used to determine protein concentration of wheat grain fractions.Significance and noveltyFindings of this study make a contribution toward the correction of a common method, to provide a basis for better comparability of research results from different laboratories.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy: A rare diagnosis in children
Authors: Frølunde Anne Sofie , Olesen Anne Braae , Riber‐Hansen Rikke , Pallesen Kristine Appel Uldall 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRemember EPFI as a differential diagnosis in children with a rash on the scalp and no effect of antibiotic treatment.
Design of a Neuro‐Based Computing Paradigm for Simulation of Industrial Olefin Plants
Authors: Esmaeili-Faraj Seyyed Hamid , Vaferi Behzad , Bolhasani Akbar , Karamian Soroush , Hosseini Shahin , Rashedi Reza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA neuro‐based computing technique is used for simulation of olefin plants at industrial scale. Artificial neural networks are applied to estimate the flow rate of the main products of the olefin unit from available information in terms of flow rate of feed streams and operating condition of furnaces. The structure of the smart model is determined through a trial‐and‐error procedure taking the real plant information over four successive years. The proposed paradigm estimates the tonnage of the product streams by an absolute average relative deviation in the range of 0.9 % for methane to 3.14 % for propylene. Results confirmed that this smart simulation not only presents accurate predictions, but is easy to use, straightforward, and can be simply employed for optimization and control of the unit.
Pseudocapacitive and Ion‐Insertion Materials: A Bridge between Energy Storage, Electronics and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Mastragostino Marina , Soavi Francesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is considerable interest in new solid‐state materials for many applications, from energy storage to electronics and neuromorphic computing. This concept paper highlights how pseudocapacitive and ion‐insertion materials, for their inherent capability of storing charge and modulate electron conduction, represent a bridge between energy storage, electronics and neuromorphic computing and enable the design of new device architectures.
Dinuclear Re(I) Complexes as New Electrocatalytic Systems for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Quartapelle Procopio Elsa , Boni Alessandro , Veronese Lorenzo , Marcaccio Massimo , Mercandelli Pierluigi , Valenti Giovanni , Panigati Monica , Paolucci Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA family of dinuclear tricarbonyl rhenium (I) complexes containing bridging 1,2‐diazine ligand and halide anions as ancillary ligands and able to catalyze CO2 reduction is presented. Electrochemical studies show that the highest catalytic efficiency is obtained for the complex containing the 4,5‐bipenthyl‐pyridazine and iodide as ancillary halogen ligands. This complex gives rise to TOF=15 s−1 that clearly outperforms the values reported for the benchmark mononuclear Re(CO)3Cl(bpy) (11.1 s−1). The role of the substituents on the pyridazine ligand and the nature of the bridging halide ligands on the catalytic activity have been deeply investigated through a systematic study on the structure‐properties relationship to understand the improved catalytic efficiencies of this class of complexes.
Liquid and solids phase backmixing in a bubble and slurry bubble column using a virtual tracer response methodology based on the trajectory data of the radioactive particle tracking (RPT) technique
Authors: Han Lu , Kamalanathan Premkumar , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVirtual tracer response methodology developed based on the trajectory data of the computer aided radioactive particle tracking (CARPT) technique was demonstrated. The demonstrated virtual tracer technique has advantages of non‐invasiveness, near perfect injection/sampling, and flexibility in choosing the sampling/injection boundaries in a specific spatial pattern. With the developed virtual tracer technique, liquid and solids backmixing were investigated at the conditions mimicking Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. Experiments were conducted at different pressure, solids loading, and superficial gas velocity. The axial dispersion model (ADM) and recirculation and cross flow dispersion (RCFD) models were used to model the liquid mixing. Transient sedimentation dispersion model (SDM) was used to model the solids mixing. It was found that the measured axial dispersion coefficient (Dl) in the ADM model increases with increase in the pressure. The increase of dispersion coefficient was explained with the experimental values of mean axial diffusivity and mean recirculation velocity. Axial dispersion coefficients (Dz,uDz,d) in the RCFD model (compartment model) were apparently lower than the Dl, due to the decoupling of global recirculation from the dispersion coefficients in the RCFD. Further, it was found that the dispersion coefficients in the RCFD model follow the trend of the axial eddy diffusivity with change in the operating conditions revealing the dominance of the turbulence in the upflow and downflow compartments. From the solids backmixing study, axial dispersion coefficient (Ds) of solids was found to increase with increase in the solids loading, pressure, and superficial gas velocity at the studied conditions.
Uncommon Polycyclic Merosesquiterpenoids and Asteriscanoids from the Hainan Soft Coral Sinularia humesi†
Authors: Chen Zi‐Hui , Yao Li‐Gong , Wu Qihao , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionA rare highly fused racemic merosesquiterpenoid, 9‐epi‐verrubenzospirolactone (1), six new asteriscane‐type sesquiterpenoids, sinuhumesins A—F (4—9), and two related known ones (10 and 11) were isolated from Hainan soft coral Sinularia humesi. Compound 1 was further separated by chiral HPLC resolution to one pair of enantiomers [(+)‐1 and (–)‐1], respectively. The full structures of the new compounds were unambiguously determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical computation approaches, modified Mosher's method and/or X‐ray diffraction analysis, as well as comparison with previously reported data of related model compounds.
Characterizing skin color before and after 100‐m sprinting
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Han , Zhang Xiaohui , Gao Cheng , Xiao Kaida , Melgosa Manuel , Li Changjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe studied skin color in participants before and after a 100‐m sprint using a Konica Minolta CM‐2600d spectrophotometer. Four body positions (forehead, cheek, neck, and inner forearm) were measured for the approximately 30 students (non‐professional runners) who participated in the experiment. Skin reflectance was measured three times at each position before running and again soon afterward. Analysis of the data showed that average measurement repeatability (mean color difference from the mean [MCDM]) was 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2 CIELAB units for forehead, cheek, neck, and inner forearm, respectively. However, average skin color differences produced by running were 1.8, 2.2, 2.0, and 1.7 CIELAB units for forehead, cheek, neck, and inner forearm positions, respectively, which are considerably higher than repeatability before or after running. Furthermore, appearance variation was analyzed in the CIELAB space, and it was found that sprinting for 100 m considerably changes the values of the red‐green a* coordinate, while the lightness L* and yellow‐blue b* coordinates remain almost constant. More specifically, on average, a* decreases after running for the forehead, cheek, and neck positions, while the opposite is true for the inner forearm position. The findings in this article may be useful to test previous physical models, achieve more realistic images of human skin after sprinting, and contribute to work of CIE TC 1‐92 on skin spectra database.