bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Post-Operative Hypotony in 23 Gauge and 25 Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Imtiaz Usman , Buksh Hasnain Muhammad , Rehman Hafiz Ateeq Ur , Naz Raheela 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To compare the frequency of post-operative hypotony between 23G PPV and 25G PPV in advanced diabetic eye disease.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 7th April 2016 to 6th October 2016.
Methods: Total 100 cases of advanced diabetic eye disease with age ranging from 25 – 65 years and either gender were selected. Patients with nystagmus and claustrophobia, lamellar macular holes, epiretinal membrane and neovascular glaucoma were excluded. Patients were divided by lottery method into 2 groups. Data of the patient i.e. name, age, sex, patient’s registration number and address was recorded. Every patient had detailed preoperative work-up; including best corrected visual acuity by Snellen’s chart, intraocular pressure by applanation tonometer, indirect ophthalmoscopy and B-scan for retinal status. Group A underwent 23G PPV and group B underwent 25G PPV. Patients were followed after 24 hours of surgery to measure intraocular pressure to access hypotony.
Results: Mean age of patients in group A was 50.16 ± 10.40 years and in group B was 50.26 ± 9.91 years. Out of 100 patients 57 (57.0%) were females and 43 (43.0%) were males, with female to male ratio of 1.1:1. Post-operative hypotony was seen in 24 (48.0%) patients with 23G PPV and 02 (4.0%) patients with 25G PPV (p-value = 0.0001).
Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of post-operative hypotony in 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy was higher as compared to 25G Pars Plana Vitrectomy in advanced diabetic eye disease.
Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Hypotony.
Effects of Intravitreal Aflibercept in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Bodla Ali Afzal , Afzal Bodla Muhammad , Minahil Kazmi Syeda , Moazzam Ayema 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of intravitreal injection of Afliberceptin patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Multan Medical and Dental Centre and Bodla Eye Care from February 2019 to February 2020.
Methods: This study was conducted on fifteen eyes with sub-acute to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. All patients who had undergone previous treatment with laser photocoagulation, intravitreal triamcinolone, or bevacizumab in past 3 months, history of glaucoma (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg), patients who lost to follow-up, and those with previously vitrectomized eyes were excluded. Patients were treated with a single dose of intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (0.5 mg/0.05 ml). Visual acuity with Log MAR chart and central retinal thickness were studied before and after the injection.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.46 years ± 9 years. After one month of intravitreal Aflibercept injection, visual acuity improved from 0.32 Log MAR to 0.173 log MAR and at 3 months (the last follow-up) it was 0.206 Log MAR. Central retinal thickness (CRT) improved from 437 ± 82 µm (at the time of presentation) to 349 ± 67 µm at 1 month post injection. At the last follow-up the mean CRT decreased to 309 ± 121 µm. Except for two eyes, all eyes showed visual improvement. These two eyes had a higher CRT as compared to other participants.
Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of Afliberceptis effective in improving BCVA and decreasing the central retinal thickness in patients central serous chorioretinopathy.
Key Words: Central retinal thickness, Central Serous chorioretinopathy, Aflibercept.
Role of Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSI) in Early Diagnosis of Patients with Euthyroid Grave’s Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Idris Mohammad , Umer Muhammad Zubair , Nathaniel Eemaz , Iqbal Muhammad , Zar Adnan 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: to determine the role of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) in early diagnosis of patients with euthyroid grave’s ophthalmopathy visiting Oculoplastic service of a tertiary care centre
Study design: cross sectional descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: Oculoplastic service, out patient department of ophthalmology, -------from August 2015 to August 2016.
Methodology: ninety patients of both the genders with euthyroid Greave`s Ophthalmopathy at any stage of severity of the disease by non-probability purposive sampling technique. One-way ANOVA test was also done for TSI with Age groups and Gender.
RESULTS: Among 90 patients, Females were more than males, 68.9% and 31.1% respectively. 4 age groups were made in which age group of 41 – 55 years patients were more (37.8%) and after that was patients of more than 56 years of age (32.2%). 84% had their thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) test positive. Cross tabulation was performed for TSI with Gender. 84.4% of the males and females had their TSI positive with females having more tests positive than males, 55.6% and 28.9% respectively with a p value of 0.139.
CONCLUSION: TSI is positive in majority of female Euthroid Graves ophthalmopathy patients visiting Oculoplastics clinics in age having 41 – 55 years. The association of TSI with gender showed higher significance than age. Early diagnosis with the help of TSI without any expensive investigations even when other thyroid function tests are normal can prevent complications especially ophthalmopathy by timely referral to endocrinologist.
Double Arcus Senilis
Authors: Nadeem Sana 
Published: April 2021

Arcus senilis is the commonest of the corneal degenerations and presents as a whitish or yellowish band in the corneal periphery, associated with the deposition of lipoproteins in the corneal stroma. It is separated from the limbus by a clear zone. It is most commonly associated with aging. Other associations are hyperlipidemia, particularly in men less than 50 years (arcus juvenilis). However, a double arcus is very rare and only few case reports are found in literature. I present a case of 68-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and 35 pack years of smoking who presented to us in the Out Patient Department. He had double corneal arcus in both eyes. There was a distinct clear line between the two arci. The case is presented with a brief discussion on the traditional risk factors, possible pathogenesis and literature review.
Key Words: Arcus senilis, Gerontoxon, Arcus Juvenilis.
Pattern of Intra Ocular Foreign Bodies in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab
Authors: Iqbal Usama , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Hameed Zeeshan , Hameed Sadia 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To describe the epidemiological characteristics, management strategies and outcomes of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) presented in a tertiary care setup of Punjab.
Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study.
Place and Duration: Department of ophthalmology, Gujranwala medical college/teaching hospital, from January 2017 to December 2019.
Methods: A retrospective review, of all the patients who had IOFB removal, was performed. Information regarding the nature and circumstances of injury, types of IOFB, operative procedure performed and patient’s pre-operative and post-operative Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of data.
Results: Record of 22 patients was retrieved. Out of which 18 (81.81%) were male and 4 (18.18%) were female. Mean age was 27.95 ± 9.325 years. Occupational trauma was the leading cause of injury (66.6%). Metallic objects were among the most common type of IOFB (66.6%) followed by glass, concrete stone (each 13.3%) and lead pencil (6.6%). Serious complications seen due to retained IOFB were phthisis bulbi (9.09%), retinal detachment (13.63%) and endophthalmitis (9.09%). On follow-up, 10 patients had BCVA less than hand movement (HM). 5 patients had BCVA of CF to 6/60, 3 patients had BCVA of 6/60-6/24 and 4 patients had better than 6/18.
Conclusion: Most common cause of IOFB was occupational trauma and young age group of working class was the most common population affected. Treatment delay and complications contributed to poor prognosis. Ocular safety measures during high-risk work can reduce the risk of trauma.
Key Words: Intra-ocular foreign Bodies, Retinal Detachment, Phthisis Bulbi.
Clinical Outcomes of Use of Low Vision Aids for Enhancement of Residual Vision in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Shah Mufarriq , Khan Muhammad Tariq 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To investigate clinical outcomes of use of low vision aids for enhancement of residual vision in people with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from January 2018 to December 2019.
Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients with DR were assessed in a low vision clinic for vision rehabilitation. Data regarding distance and near visual acuity (VA), refractive error, types of low vision aids (LVAs), VA with best correction and with LVAs were collected and analyzed.
Results: A total of 81 people with DR, 63% were male. Mean age was 58.48 ± 13.54 years. With mean duration of 12.6 years of diabetes, 29.6% had Insulin dependent while 70.4% had non-Insulin dependent diabetes. At presentation, 63% had moderate vision impairment (0.5 > VA > 1.0), 14.8% had severe vision impairment (1.0 > VA > 1.3) and 22.2% had blindness (VA < 1.3).With LVAs, 97.5% achieved distance VA of Log MAR 0.4 or better. Mean improvement in distance VA with LVAs was Log MAR 0.95 ± 0.19 (P = 0.000; 95% CI). Near VA improved significantly with LVAs and the number of participants who could see 1M or better with their own glasses increased from 7.4% to 97.5% (p < 0.001). Binocular telescopes 2.1X were the most preferred low vision device for distance vision and prismatic magnifying spectacles for near vision.
Conclusion: Visual rehabilitation through the use of LVAs was helpful in patients with low vision caused by diabetic retinopathy. Hence, improving the quality of life.
Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, blindness, visual rehabilitation, low vision aids, Pakistan.
Visual Outcome of Phacoemulsification Versus Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Das Narain , Shaikh Asma Shams , Kumar Jai , Khan Beenish , Bhatti Nasir 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine visual rehabilitation of Phacoemulsification in comparison to small incision cataract surgery after implantation of rigid intraocular lens.
Study Design: Quasi Experimental Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari and Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital, Karachi, from July 2018 to December 2019.
Methods: Patients with 35 – 70 years age and diagnosed with senile cataracts and visual acuity of <6/36were included. Patients having any corneal disease, intra-ocular pressure > 22 mmHg, high ametropia, any other eye disease were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups of 80 patients each. Group I underwent Phaco-emulsification and group II had Small incision cataract surgery. For data analysis, SPSS version 20.0 was used. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative data and quantitative data was presented as mean and standard deviation.
Results: In a total of 160 patients operated of cataract, male to female ratio was 1:1. The range of astigmatism after 6 months in the group I was between 0.5 – 1.00 D while in the group II, it was between 0.75 – 1.75 D. Uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better was seen in 90 and 97% group 1 while it was 85% and 95% in group II patients respectively at sixth month.
Conclusion: No significant difference was seen in uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity between the two groups. Time of surgery was lesser group 2 and Astigmatism was lesser in group 1.
Key Words: Phaco-emulsification, Small Incision Cataract Surgery, Visual Rehabilitation.
Treatment of Severe Recalcitrant Fungal Keratitis Using Subconjunctival Fluconazole as an Adjunctive Therapy
Authors: Gull Ambreen , Niazi Fuad Ahmad Khan , Raza Ali 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 2% subconjunctival injection of Fluconazole as an adjunctive treatment in severe recalcitrant fungal keratitis.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology department of Holy family hospital, Rawalpindi medical university, from January 2019 to August 2019.
Methods: The study included 18 eyes of 18 patients with severe resistant fungal corneal ulcer.We excluded those cases who had known hypersensitivities to Fluconazole. These ulcers were refractory toprimary conventional antifungal therapy with topical Natamycin, topical and systemic Fluconazole. Sample for culture was taken with sterile cotton bud and scraping was taken with kimura spatula. All resistant cases were given1.0 ml of 2% subconjunctival Fluconazole injection once a day for at least one week. After that depending upon the condition, the injections were givenonalternate days for 2 weeks.
Results: Average age of the patients was 35.22 years (SD ± 10.42). Among total 18 patients, six (33.33%) were females and 12 (66.67%) were males. Thirteen (72.22%) cases showed absolute response after one week and 5 (27.77%) cases needed more injections. Four (22.22%) of these 5 cases partiallyimproved andone case failed to show improvement. Final vision varied in different cases according to the position of the residual scar. Five cases ended up in keratoplasty. Local or systemic toxicity was not seen in any case.
Conclusion: Subconjunctival injection of 2% Fluconazole can be used as an adjunctive therapy for severe fungal keratitis without any toxic complications.
Key Words: Keratomycosis, Evisceration, Keratoplasty.
Orbital Hydatid Cyst: An Interventional Case Series
Authors: Khan Tajamul , Hussain Ibrar , Shah Zaman 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the demographics, presentation, and outcome of surgical treatment in patients of orbital hydatid cyst.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from 2009 to 2019.
Methods: This study included 11 patients with orbital hydatid cyst who presented in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Detailed history, ocular examination and Orbital imaging (Ophthalmic B-Scan, CT scan and/or MRI) was performed. The patients underwent Orbitotomy, cyst extirpated and sent for histopathology. Albendazole was given to the patients for 12 weeks after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative data until last follow-up was analyzed.
Results: Male to Female ratio was 5:6 and the mean age of the patients was 18.17 ± 17.4 years. Mean amount of proptosis was 26.27 ± 2.05mm and visual acuity was 0.23 ± 0.33 decimal in the affected eye at presentation. Eight patients (72.8%) had Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect with swollen discs. After imaging studies, presumptive diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst in all cases. Mean proptosis at the last follow up improved to 19.04 ± 1.45mm (P value = 0.00) and visual acuity to 0.47 ± 0.22 decimals (P value = 0.048). Only one patient (9.1%) had an associated hydatid cyst in the lung. There was no recurrence until last follow-up.
Conclusion: Hydatid cyst should be considered in differential diagnosis of proptosis in patients under 20. Surgical excision followed by a course of oral Albendazole is effective for the treatment of orbital hydatid cyst.
Key Words: Orbital hydatid cyst, Proptosis, Orbitotomy.
Sub-Threshold Micro Pulse Laser (810NM): Treatment for Chronic Central Serous Retinopathy
Authors: Kashif Mariam Shamim , Uzair Najia , Feroz Lubna , Mehmood Asaad 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find the effectiveness of sub-threshold (810nm) micropulse diode laser treatment (SMT) in chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR).
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Layton Rahmatulla benevolent trust eye hospital, from April 2019 to July 2020.
Methods: The patients of chronic CSR (≥ 6 months) participated in the study. We used Spectral Domain Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to record baseline central retinal thickness (CT). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded with Snellen’s chart and converted to Log MAR for statistical analysis. All patients underwent treatment with sub-threshold laser (810nm) in micropulse mode with 5% duty cycle (DC).
Results: Twenty five eyes with chronic CSR were enrolled in the study. The patients were treated with laser and final assessment was made at 6 months. Mean BCVA at presentation was 0.46 Log MAR ± 0.12 and a mean baseline CT of 362.2 μm ± 32.6µm. At final follow-up there was a mean decrease in CT of 97.2 μm ± 21.8 from the baseline. After treatment mean BCVA was 0.33 Log MAR ± 0.12 and mean CT was 266 μm ± 20.9. Nineteen out of twenty-five eyes (76%) achieved a gain of vision between 1 to 3 lines and gain of 3 lines was achieved in 8% of cases. At the final follow-up there was incomplete resolution of sub retinal fluid in 4 eyes (16%) with no improvement in BCVA.
Conclusion: SMT (810 nm) is an effective and minimally invasive treatment modality for chronic CSR.
Key Words: Sub-Threshold micropulse laser, Central serous retinopathy, Central retinal thickness, sub retinal fluid.
A importância do enfermeiro nas práticas integrativas e complementares no sistema único de saúde
Authors: Rodrigo de Freitas Jadson , Da Silva Alexsandro José , Alves da Silva José Almir , Rosemberg Bezerra Ramos Jorge , Da Mata Vasconcelos Silva Fernanda 
Published: April 2021

As Praticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICS) resgatam os diferentes saberes relacionados ao cuidar em saúde e acontecem de forma concomitante í s práticas assistenciais. Objetivo: Desvelar a importância do enfermeiro nas práticas integrativas e complementares no Sistema Único de Saúde Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através do cruzamento dos descritores padronizados pelo MESH (" Complementary Therapies", "Primare Health Care" e "Public Health Nursing") e seus análogos em Português (DeCS) e em espanhol nas Bases de dados da Medline, Cinahl e Lilacs. O processo de seleção dos artigos considerou as recomendações PRISMA e os artigos foram classificados quanto ao ní­vel de evidências através referencial americano AHRQ. Resultado: Foram encontrados 282 artigos, dentre os quais cinco abordaram o tema proposto e foram selecionados para amostra. Conclusão: As PICS favorecem uma maior interação entre enfermeiro-paciente e através da construção de novos saberes desenvolvem estratégias formidáveis de enfrentamento aos problemas de saúde existente.
A atuação do coletivo feminista Marielle Franco e o impacto na saúde mental de suas integrantes durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Amorim Isidro Lins Maria Eduarda , Sena Menezes Giovanna Raquel , de Castro Silva Priscilla Maria 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o impacto das ações realizadas no Coletivo Feminista Marielle Franco para a promoção da saúde mental de universitárias durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa-ação realizada com discentes dos cursos de Enfermagem e Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Os encontros do Coletivo aconteceram de forma remota de abril a junho de 2020. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, e analiticamente o modelo categorial temático proposto por Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram como categorias-temáticas: 1. Perspectivas apontadas sobre gênero na vivência do Coletivo Feminista durante a pandemia da COVID-19; 2. A atuação do Coletivo Feminista durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e sua articulação com a saúde mental das integrantes. Conclusão: As ações do coletivo desenvolvidas de forma remota durante a pandemia foram exitosas ao oportunizar um espaço acolhedor í s demandas das estudantes, promovendo a saúde mental e a formação de uma rede de apoio para as mulheres.
Metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem: o ensino de hoje na saúde
Authors: Martins Ferraz Raquel , Rossetto Kron-Rodrigues Meline , Martins Galvão Henrique , De Oliveira Araújo Cláudia Lysia 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever as metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem e a modificação no movimento de ensino da saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, realizada em bancos de dados Ciências da Saúde, incluindo a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), América Latina e Caribe em Ciências da Saúde Literatura (LILACS) e BDENF (Banco de Dados de Enfermagem) – por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. A busca e coleta dos dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2019. Resultados: Metodologias baseadas em problemas e projetos, Metodologia de Aprendizagem baseada em Projetos, Taxonomia de Bloom e Método de Delphi, Aplicativos Móveis podem ser considerados as metodologias ativas atuais no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Conclusão: O papel do professor, enquanto facilitador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, é fundamental no sentido de adequar-se í s novas demandas, abrir-se para as novas práticas pedagógicas, aceitar os desafios que a educação de hoje e do futuro imprimem.
Iniciação científica por meio de elaboração de projetos de pesquisa: um relato sobre a organização da disciplina em um Curso Técnico em Química
Authors: Raupp Daniele Trajano , Borges Rempel Simone De Souza 
Published: April 2021

Este relato de experiência objetiva descrever brevemente como a Iniciação Científica é estruturada no Curso Técnico em Química, na Fundação Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, no município de Novo Hamburgo, RS. A partir da discussão das abordagens em sala de aula, da estrutura e apoio da escola, da dinâmica de trabalho com alunos, da compreensão de suas dificuldades, esperamos que este relato possa ser uma contribuição para os professores e pesquisadores com interesse nessa temática. O primeiro contato dos estudantes com a pesquisa acadêmica pode ser considerado um desafio na Educação Básica e dessa forma a aproximação com a metodologia da pesquisa científica, visando a capacitação e qualificação de jovens talentos demanda esforço da equipe pedagógica e qualificação dos orientadores para fomentar a criatividade e o pensamento científico do estudante, além de motivá-lo para aprendizagem de métodos e técnicas científicas. A Iniciação Científica tem o potencial de ser uma poderosa estratégia na compreensão sobre como a ciência é construída e como os cientistas trabalham em oposição à visão dogmática de uma ciência acabada, possibilitando assim a formação de um cidadão crítico capaz de modo de compreender a utilidade da ciência e sua grande influência em nosso cotidiano e em nossa sociedade.