bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberattacks, cyber threats, and attitudes toward cybersecurity policies
Authors: Snider Keren L G , Shandler Ryan , Zandani Shay , Canetti Daphna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Does exposure to cyberattacks influence public support for intrusive cybersecurity policies? How do perceptions of cyber threats mediate this relationship? While past research has demonstrated how exposure to cyberattacks affects political attitudes, the mediating role played by threat perception has been overlooked. This study employs a controlled randomized survey experiment design to test the effect of exposure to lethal and nonlethal cyberattacks on support for different types of cybersecurity policies. One thousand twenty-two Israeli participants are exposed to scripted and simulated television reports of lethal or nonlethal cyberattacks against national infrastructure. Findings suggest that exposure to cyberattacks leads to greater support for stringent cybersecurity regulations, through a mechanism of threat perception. Results also indicate that different types of exposure relate to heightened support for different types of regulatory policies. People exposed to lethal cyberattacks tend to support cybersecurity policies that compel the government to alert citizens about cyberattacks. People who were exposed to nonlethal attacks, on the other hand, tend to support oversight policies at higher levels. More broadly, our research suggests that peoples’ willingness to accept government cybersecurity policies that limit personal civil liberties and privacy depends on the type of cyberattacks to which they were exposed and the perceptions associated with such exposure.
Fiscal capacity in ‘‘responsible government’’ colonies: the Cape Colony in comparative perspective, c. 1865–1910
Authors: Gwaindepi Abel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study contributes to debates on the efficacy of institutions in settler colonies by comparing the Cape Colony’s fiscal path to the experiences of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. I find that the Cape’s fiscal trajectory was divergent. Agricultural and mining taxes were important surrogates of income taxes in other colonies, but the Cape’s narrow interests pushed for insulation from direct taxes. This made the Cape’s fiscal path unsustainable with comparatively low per capita taxes, high deficits, and the highest level of indebtedness. I argue that the instrumentality of ‘‘responsible government” status was conditional on how imported self-government institutions were endogenized.
The Association of Nε-Carboxymethyllysine With Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Deo Permal , Dhillon Varinderpal S , Thomas Philip , Fenech Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid status is used as a biomarker of dietary intake of fats; however, there is still a paucity of evidence regarding individual fatty acids and modulation of endogenous advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels. Due to membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) being a well-known target for peroxidation, we hypothesized that cellular PUFAs are positively associated with circulatory Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) that is also influenced by glyoxal levels in healthy cohorts. To test this, we investigated the association between RBC fatty acids and circulatory AGE biomarkers in healthy individuals. The results showed a negative association between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CML, and stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that stearic acid was negatively associated with CML levels (β = −0.200, p = .008) after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and gender. In addition, stearic acid:palmitic acid ratio was also negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of CML (rp = −.191, p = .012) and glucose (rp = −.288, p = .0001). PUFAs showed a positive association with CML levels, particularly docosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosadienoic acid. However, these associations were not evident after the multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, and gender. A strong negative correlation (rp = −.98, p &lt; .0001) between total PUFA and total SFA was observed. Furthermore, the SFA:PUFA ratio was inversely correlated with CML (rp = −.227, p &lt; .003). Overall, this study indicates that different fats and their combinations may influence the formation of AGEs and that carefully controlled interventions are required to further test this hypothesis.
Emotional Appeals, Climate Change, and Young Adults: A Direct Replication of Skurka et al. (2018)
Authors: Skurka Chris , Romero-Canyas Rainer , Joo Helen H , Acup David , Niederdeppe Jeff 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is much need to verify the robustness of published findings in the field of communication—particularly regarding the effects of persuasive emotional appeals about social issues. To this end, we present the results from a preregistered, direct replication of C. Skurka, J. Niederdeppe, R. Romero-Canyas, and D. Acup (2018). The original study found that a threat appeal about climate change can increase risk perception and activism intentions and that a humor appeal can also increase activism intentions with a large sample of young adults. Using the same stimuli, measures, and experimental design with a similar sample, we fail to replicate these main effects. We do, however, replicate age as a moderator of humor’s effect on perceived risk, such that the humor appeal only persuaded emerging adults (ages 18–21.9). We consider several explanations for our discrepant findings, including the challenges (and opportunities) that persuasion researchers must navigate when communicating about rapidly evolving social issues.
Deep learning models in detection of dietary supplement adverse event signals from Twitter
Authors: Wang Yefeng , Zhao Yunpeng , Schutte Dalton , Bian Jiang , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop a deep learning pipeline to detect signals on dietary supplement-related adverse events (DS AEs) from Twitter.Materials and MethodsWe obtained 247 807 tweets ranging from 2012 to 2018 that mentioned both DS and AE. We designed a tailor-made annotation guideline for DS AEs and annotated biomedical entities and relations on 2000 tweets. For the concept extraction task, we fine-tuned and compared the performance of BioClinical-BERT, PubMedBERT, ELECTRA, RoBERTa, and DeBERTa models with a CRF classifier. For the relation extraction task, we fine-tuned and compared BERT models to BioClinical-BERT, PubMedBERT, RoBERTa, and DeBERTa models. We chose the best-performing models in each task to assemble an end-to-end deep learning pipeline to detect DS AE signals and compared the results to the known DS AEs from a DS knowledge base (ie, iDISK).ResultsDeBERTa-CRF model outperformed other models in the concept extraction task, scoring a lenient microaveraged F1 score of 0.866. RoBERTa model outperformed other models in the relation extraction task, scoring a lenient microaveraged F1 score of 0.788. The end-to-end pipeline built on these 2 models was able to extract DS indication and DS AEs with a lenient microaveraged F1 score of 0.666.ConclusionWe have developed a deep learning pipeline that can detect DS AE signals from Twitter. We have found DS AEs that were not recorded in an existing knowledge base (iDISK) and our proposed pipeline can as sist DS AE pharmacovigilance.
The influence of integrating clinical practice guideline order bundles into a general admission order set on guideline adoption
Authors: Mrosak Justine , Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Stokes Claire , Roth David , Dave Ishaan , Gillespie Scott , Orenstein Evan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives of this study were to (1) describe barriers to using clinical practice guideline (CPG) admission order sets in a pediatric hospital and (2) determine if integrating CPG order bundles into a general admission order set increases adoption of CPG-recommended orders compared to standalone CPG order sets. We identified CPG-eligible encounters and surveyed admitting physicians to understand reasons for not using the associated CPG order set. We then integrated CPG order bundles into a general admission order set and evaluated effectiveness through summative usability testing in a simulated environment. The most common reasons for the nonuse of CPG order sets were lack of awareness or forgetting about the CPG order set. In usability testing, CPG order bundle use increased from 27.8% to 66.6% while antibiotic ordering errors decreased from 62.9% to 18.5% with the new design. Integrating CPG-related order bundles into a general admission order set improves CPG order set use in simulation by addressing the most common barriers to CPG adoption.
109 Diet-induced Clinical Responsiveness of Translational Dog Model for Human Western Diet (WD)-related Disease Research
Authors: Iennarella-Servantez Chelsea A , Kathrani Aarti , Sahoo Dipak , Long Elizabeth , Zdyrski Christopher , Gabriel Vojtech , Mao Sichao , Bourgois-Mochel Agnes , Resop Mara , Rund Lili , Rossoni-Serao Mariana C , Jergens Albert , Mochel Jonathan , Allenspach Karin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Human consumption of Western diets (WD) has been strongly associated with increased central obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, intestinal epithelial stemness/proliferation, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. These changes reflect metabolic dysfunction and contribute to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer. As comprehensive molecular/clinical comparisons have not been performed, the objective of this study was to evaluate diet-induced changes in dogs as a clinically-responsive model for human WD-related disease research. Methods: In a crossover design, 10 dogs were fed either a 1.) control diet (CON) formulated based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges and fiber recommendations for humans; or 2.) Western diet (WD) formulated based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset parameters. Diets were prepared cooked with the same ingredients and formulated to meet/exceed nutrient/energy requirements for both humans/dogs and fed isocalorically based on calculated metabolizable energy (ME). Following each period (~7–8 weeks), experimental parameters were measured. Results/Conclusions: Mean body weights were 8.83 and 9.28kg for CON and WD diets, respectively (P = 0.0018). Fasted (10-hour) blood samples differed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) for mean fasting bile acids (CON=0.79, WD=8.94μmol/L), serum triglycerides (CON=45.70, WD=67.80mg/dL), and serum cholesterol (CON=140.10, WD=175.40mg/dL) demonstrating diet-dependent alterations in lipid profiles. Mean systolic blood pressures were 131.66 and 140.02mmHg for CON and WD, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Histological analysis revealed diet-dependent changes in colonic epithelial villus height (CON=182, WD=207μm) and villus:crypt ratio (CON=2.61, WD=3.89). Preliminary RNA-ISH analysis (n = 3 dogs) showed increased LGR5+ expression (intestinal stem-cell marker) in WD compared to CON group (P = 0.0019) suggesting an increased “stemnness” of colonic epithelium. Further, mean adipocyte diameters were increased in omental fat biopsies (CON=58.6, WD=62.5μm; P &lt; 0.0001) but not subcutaneous fat biopsies (P &gt;0.05) following WD feeding, consistent with centralized obesity. Collectively, these results demonstrate effects of diet-induced changes in dogs as a clinically-responsive model for human WD-related disease research.
233 Estrus Response and Pregnancy Rates of Beef Replacement Heifers Enrolled in Two Fixed-time Artificial Insemination Protocols, with or Without Pre-synchronization
Authors: Mercadante Vitor R G Rodrigues Gomes , Lamb G Cliff C , Oosthuizen Nicky , Wege Dias Nicholas W , Pancini Stefania , Haines Hannah , Currin John , Clark Sherrie , Stewart Jamie L , Pent Gabriel J , Holton Matthew P , Davis Dylan B , Hernandez Shane R R , Stewart R Lawton , Fontes Pedro L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pre-synchronization strategies with prolonged exposure to exogenous progesterone have the potential to alter estrus expression and improve fertility in replacement beef heifers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the estrus response and pregnancy rate of beef heifers enrolled in two fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. A total of 306 heifers (14 ± 2 months of age; 372 ± 24 kg body weight [BW]) at three locations were enrolled in the study. Within location, heifers were stratified by age and BW and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) PG-CIDR54 (n = 152), heifers were administered prostaglandin F2α (PGF; 25 mg) and a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) insert (Day -14), an injection of GnRH [100 μg (Day -7)], PGF injection and CIDR removal (Day 0), and a second injection of GnRH concurrently with TAI 54 ± 2 h later (Day 2); 2) 7-day CO-Synch+CIDR (CTRL; n = 154), heifers were administered GnRH (100 μg) and a CIDR insert (Day -7), PGF (25 mg) injection and CIDR removal (Day 0), and a second injection of GnRH concurrently with TAI 54 ± 2 h later (Day 2). All heifers received an estrus alert patch on Day 0 and were evaluated for patch activation at TAI on Day 2. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography between 35 and 55 days after TAI. The percentage of heifers exhibiting estrus between Day 0 and 2 was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in PG-CIDR54 compared with CTRL (77.0 and 39.6%, respectively). In addition, pregnancy rate to TAI tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for PG-CIDR54 compared with CTRL (48.0 and 38.3%, respectively). We conclude that beef heifers enrolled in the PG-CIDR54 protocol had increased estrus expression and tended to have greater pregnancy rate when compared with heifers enrolled in the 7-day CO-Synch+CIDR protocol.
Patients’ Access to Telephone and E-mail Services Provided by IBD Nurses in Canada
Authors: Chauhan Usha , Stitt Larry , Rohatinsky Noelle , Watson Melanie , Currie Barbara , Westin Lisa , McCaw Wendy , Norton Christine , Nistor Irina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can impact the quality of life and increase health care resource utilization. Nurses play an integral role in ensuring ease of access to care between scheduled office visits.

Aims
This study aimed to capture the utilization of Canadian IBD nursing telephone and e-mail services.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study with an eight-item online survey was completed by nurses to assess the use of nurse-led telephone and e-mail services for IBD patients.

Results
Twenty-one IBD nurses participated, and 572 patients nurse encounters were reported. Patients with ulcerative (UC) contacted with disease flare when compared to Crohn’s disease (CD) (40% versus 24%, P &lt; 0.001). Nursing services were primarily utilized for queries regarding medication (39.3%), disease exacerbations (29.6%), investigations (26%), and scheduling appointments (17.6%). Patients with CD had more telephone conversations (62.7%) and required more follow-up telephone calls (72.2%) compared to patients with UC (33%) and 25%, respectively. Nurse-managed interventions were provided independently for 61.4% of encounters, while 19% required a scheduled appointment in the IBD clinic. In the absence of telephone or e-mail assistance, older patients were more likely to call their family doctor (r = 0.18, P &lt; 0.001), visit the emergency room (r = 0.18, P &lt; 0.001), visit an urgent access clinic (r = 0.22, P &lt; 0.001), or visit a walk-in clinic (r = 0.29, P &lt; 0.001) than younger patients.

Conclusions
Nurse-managed IBD advice lines are proactive services that can address most patient disease-related concerns.
Validation of the Dutch version of the Hip Outcome Score; validity, reliability, and responsiveness in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Röling Maarten A , Hesseling Brechtje , Jansen Sebastiaan P L , Bloem Rolf M , Mathijssen Nina M C 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Due to a lack of a validated Dutch version of the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) considering functional outcome after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, we validated the Dutch version of the HOS (HOS-NL) in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome for reliability, internal consistency, construct- and content validity. Furthermore, the smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were determined. All consecutive patients scheduled for an arthroscopic procedure for FAIS were selected. Five questionnaires covering groin and hip pain were filled in at three moments in time (two pre-operatively with a maximum two-week interval and 6 months postoperatively). Main endpoints were reliability (test re-test, SDC), internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), construct validity (construct validity was considered sufficient if a least 75% of a-priori made hypotheses were confirmed), content validity (floor and ceiling effects) and responsiveness (MCID). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.86 for the HOS ADL-NL and 0.81 for the HOS Sports-NL. SDC for the HOS ADL-NL was 21 and for the HOS Sports-NL 29 Cronbach alpha score was 0.882 for HOS ADL-NL and 0.792 for HOS Sports-NL. Construct validity was considered sufficient since 91% of the hypotheses were confirmed. No floor effects were determined. A small ceiling effect was determined for the HOS AD-NL postoperatively. The MCID for HOS ADL-NL and HOS Sports-NL were 14 and 11.0, respectively. The HOS-NL is a reliable and valid patient reported outcome measure for measuring physical function and outcome in active and young patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.
Acute abdomen during pregnancy: appendicular deciduosis—a case report
Authors: Ghannouchi Mossaab , Nacef Karim , KHlifa Mohamed Ben , Iyed Kraim , Boudokhan Moez , Toumi Dhekra , Zoukar Olfa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite the fact that it is rarely found in the appendix during pregnancy, ectopic decidua can, in some cases, cause the occlusion of the appendicular lumen by extrinsic compression due to the expansion of endometrial tissue or due to decidua polyp formation. This condition consequently leads to appendicular inflammation. We report the case of a 27-year-old primigravida woman, 32 weeks of gestation, who presented to our facility with a 2-day history of isolated right iliac fossa pain. The diagnosis of an acute appendicitis was suspected and a planned appendectomy was performed. Microscopical examination showed appendicular deciduosis.
Identification of five important genes to predict glioblastoma subtypes
Authors: Tang Yang , Qazi Maleeha A , Brown Kevin R , Mikolajewicz Nicholas , Moffat Jason , Singh Sheila K , McNicholas Paul D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adults, has been classified into three subtypes: classical, mesenchymal, and proneural. While the original classification relied on an 840 gene-set, further clarification on true GBM subtypes uses a 150-gene signature to accurately classify GBM into the three subtypes. We hypothesized whether a machine learning approach could be used to identify a smaller gene-set to accurately predict GBM subtype.

Methods
Using a supervised machine learning approach, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), we developed a classifier to predict the three subtypes of glioblastoma (GBM): classical, mesenchymal, and proneural. We tested the classifier on in-house GBM tissue, cell lines, and xenograft samples to predict their subtype.

Results
We identified the five most important genes for characterizing the three subtypes based on genes that often exhibited high Importance Scores in our XGBoost analyses. On average, this approach achieved 80.12% accuracy in predicting these three subtypes of GBM. Furthermore, we applied our five-gene classifier to successfully predict the subtype of GBM samples at our centre.

Conclusion
Our 5-gene set classifier is the smallest classifier to date that can predict GBM subtypes with high accuracy, which could facilitate the future development of a five-gene subtype diagnostic biomarker for routine assays in GBM samples.
Incidence, aetiology, and enviromental risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in China: a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, multi-centre case-control study
Authors: Qin Tian , Zhou Haijian , Ren Hongyu , Meng Jiantong , Du Yinju , Mahemut Mahemut , Wang Peng , Luo Nana , Tian Fei , Li Ming , Zhou Pu , Li Fang , Duan Pengyuan , Li Yinan , Zhao Na , Yuan Qiwu , Zhang Jinzhong , Cheng Lihong , Luo Longze , Fang Ming , Huang Xin , Gu Changguo , Zhou Huifang , Yang Min , Lu Shan , Jiang Xiangkun , Lin Hualiang , Tian Huaiyu , Kan Biao , Xu Jianguo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading infectious cause of hospitalisation and death worldwide. The knowledge about the incidence and aetiology of CAP in China was fragmented.

Methods
A multicenter study performed at four hospitals in four regions in China and clinical samples from CAP patients were collected and used for pathogen identification from July 2016 to June 2019.

Results
A total of 1,674 patients were enrolled and the average annual incidence of hospitalized CAP was 18.7 cases per 10,000 people (95% confidence interval 18.5–19.0). The most common viral and bacterial agents found in patients were respiratory syncytial virus (19.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.3%). The co-infections percentage was 13.8%. Pathogen distribution displayed variations within age groups, and seasonal and regional differences. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was not detected. Respiratory virus detection was significantly positively correlated with air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2; and significantly negatively correlated with ambient temperature and O3 content; bacteria detection was opposite.

Conclusion
The hospitalized CAP incidence in China was higher than previously known. CAP etiology showed differences in age, seasons, regions, and respiratory viruses were detected at a higher rate than bacterial infection overall. Air pollutants and temperature have influence on the detection of pathogens.