bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating course choice motivations in university environments
Authors: Ma Boxuan , Lu Min , Taniguchi Yuta , Konomi Shin’ichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecommendation systems need a deeper understanding of users and their motivations to improve recommendation quality and provide more personalized suggestions. This is especially true in the education domain, the more about the student is known, the more useful recommendations can be made. However, although many studies on the course recommendation exist, studies on the students’ course selection motivations in universities are limited. This study investigates the factors that contribute to students’ choice when selecting courses in universities to better understand student perceptions, attitudes, and needs and leverage data-driven approaches for recommending and explaining the recommendations in university environments. A qualitative interview for university students (N = 10) comprised of open-ended questions as well as a questionnaire for students (N = 81) was conducted, aiming to investigate the main reasons behind their choices. The results of this study show that students highly value the course contents and the benefits of the course towards their future careers. Furthermore, students are influenced by other reasons such as the possibility of obtaining a higher grade, the popularity of professors, and recommendations from peers. Next, we extract the main categories of students’ motivations and analyzed the questionnaire data by employing statistical analysis methods as well as the k-means clustering algorithm to identify different types of students in terms of course selection. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for designing more personalized course recommendation systems.
Peripheral refraction of myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes during accommodation
Authors: Queirós António , Cerviño Alejandro , González-Méijome José Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo measure axial and off-axis refraction patterns in myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes in young healthy subjects at different target distances from 2.00 m (0.50 D) to 0.20 m (5.00 D) in terms of sphere, astigmatism, and spherical equivalent refraction.MethodsRefraction was measured at the center, 20 and 40 degrees from the line of sight both nasally and temporally in 15 emmetropic and 25 myopic young healthy subjects with an open field, binocular, infrared autorefractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5500, Hiroshima, Japan). Fixation target was a Maltese cross set at 2.00, 0.50, 0.33 and 0.20 m from the corneal plane. Changes in off-axis refraction with accommodation level were normalized with respect to distance axial values and compared between myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes.ResultsOff-axis refraction in myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction was significantly more myopic in the temporal retina compared to lens free emmetropes except for the closest target distance. Relative off-axis refractive error changed significantly with accommodation when compared to axial refraction particularly in the myopic group. This change in the negative direction was due to changes in the spherical component of refraction that became more myopic relative to the center at the 0.20 m distance as the J0 component of astigmatism was significantly reduced in both emmetropes and myopes for the closest target.ConclusionAccommodation to very near targets (up to 0.20 m) makes the off-axis refraction of myopes wearing their spectacle correction similar to that of lens free emmetropes. A significant reduction in off-axis astigmatism was also observed for the 0.20 m distance.
Determination of representative elementary volume (REV) for jointed rock masses exhibiting scale-dependent behavior: a numerical investigation
Authors: Sari Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRepresentative elementary volume (REV) is defined as the usual size of a rock mass structure beyond which its mechanical properties are homogenous and isotropic, and its behavior can be modeled using the equivalent continuum approach. Determination of REV is a complex problem in rock engineering due to its definition ambiguity and application area. This study is one of the first attempts to define a REV for jointed rock masses using the equivalent continuum approach. It is aimed to numerically search a ratio between the characteristic size of an engineering structure and pre-existing joint spacing, which are the two most important contributing elements in assessing REV. For this purpose, four hypothetical engineering cases were investigated using the RS2 (Phase2 v. 9.0) finite element (FE) analysis program. An underground circular opening with a constant diameter, an open-pit mine with varying bench heights, a single bench with a constant height, and an underground powerhouse cavern with a known dimension were executed for possible changes in the safety factor and total displacement measurements under several joint spacing values. Different cut-off REVs were calculated for FE models depending on the type of excavation and measurement method. An average REV size of 19.0, ranging between a minimum of 2 for tunnels and a maximum of 48 for slopes, was found in numerical analysis. The calculated sizes of REV were significantly larger than the range of values (5 to 10) commonly reported in the relevant geotechnical literature.
Potential drug–drug interactions in the era of integrase strand transfer inhibitors: a cross-sectional single-center study in Japan
Authors: Kunimoto Yusuke , Matamura Ryosuke , Ikeda Hiroshi , Fujii Satoshi , Kimyo Tomoko , Kitagawa Manabu , Nakata Hiromasa , Kobune Masayoshi , Miyamoto Atsushi , Fukudo Masahide 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Potential drug–drug interactions (PDDIs) commonly occur because of aging and comorbidities in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been reported to cause PDDIs in these patients. However, there are few reports of PDDIs in the era of treatment using integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Therefore, we investigated PDDIs in Japanese PLWH receiving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Japanese outpatients. All eligible patients who had received ARV therapy for at least 48 weeks were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PDDIs detected using the Lexicomp® interface.

Results
Of the 71 eligible patients, 51 (71.8%) were prescribed concomitant non-ARV medications. In 21 patients (29.6%), PDDIs with the potential to reduce the effects of ARVs occurred, although the HIV load was suppressed in all cases. Polypharmacy (the use of ≥5 non-ARVs) was observed in 25 patients (35.2%). There was a significantly higher median number of non-ARV medications in the PDDI group than in the non-PDDI group (6 vs. 3, P <  0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of patients on polypharmacy was significantly higher in those with PDDIs than in those without PDDIs (81.0% vs. 26.7%, P <  0.001).

Conclusions
The incidence of PDDIs is relatively high in Japanese PLWH, even in the era of treatment using integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Therefore, it is important for patients and health care providers to be constantly aware of PDDIs associated with ARV treatment.
Constructing and validating a questionnaire on barriers to EFL learners’ reflective writing
Authors: Salahi Fariba , Farahian Majid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a scale to assess the inhibitors to reflective writing of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The other aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. To prepare the first item pool of the questionnaire, the researchers reviewed the previous related literature and prepared the first item pool with 62 items. At the next stage, based on the judgments of some experts in the field regarding the items of the questionnaire, 31 items were deleted and the next draft included 31 items. Then, 265 EFL teachers were invited to fill out the questionnaire. As the next step, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to investigate the construct validity of the scale. Based on the results of EFA, 10 items were deleted. The final draft of the questionnaire included 21 items with three factors including ‘teachers’ issues’, ‘students’ issues’, and ‘institutions and educational system issues’. In addition, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was run to measure the internal consistency of the scale and the findings indicated a satisfactory level of reliability. The findings have implications for pedagogy as well as further research.
Underlying mechanism of hemodynamics and intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Tang Haishuang , Wang Qingsong , Xu Fengfeng , Zhang Xiaoxi , Zeng Zhangwei , Yan Yazhou , Lu Zhiwen , Xue Gaici , Zuo Qiao , Luo Yin , Liu Jianmin , Huang Qinghai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn modern society, subarachnoid hemorrhage, mostly caused by intracranial aneurysm rupture, is accompanied by high disability and mortality rate, which has become a major threat to human health. Till now, the etiology of intracranial aneurysm has not been entirely clarified. In recent years, more and more studies focus on the relationship between hemodynamics and intracranial aneurysm. Under the physiological condition, the mechanical force produced by the stable blood flow in the blood vessels keeps balance with the structure of the blood vessels. When the blood vessels are stimulated by the continuous abnormal blood flow, the functional structure of the blood vessels changes, which becomes the pathophysiological basis of the inflammation and atherosclerosis of the blood vessels and further promotes the occurrence and development of the intracranial aneurysm. This review will focus on the relationship between hemodynamics and intracranial aneurysms, will discuss the mechanism of occurrence and development of intracranial aneurysms, and will provide a new perspective for the research and treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Gender disparity in publication records: a qualitative study of women researchers in computing and engineering
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Sharifzad Shiva 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The current paper follows up on the results of an exploratory quantitative analysis that compared the publication and citation records of men and women researchers affiliated with the Faculty of Computing and Engineering at Dublin City University (DCU) in Ireland. Quantitative analysis of publications between 2013 and 2018 showed that women researchers had fewer publications, received fewer citations per person, and participated less often in international collaborations. Given the significance of publications for pursuing an academic career, we used qualitative methods to understand these differences and explore factors that, according to women researchers, have contributed to this disparity.

Methods
Sixteen women researchers from DCU’s Faculty of Computing and Engineering were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Once interviews were transcribed and anonymised, they were coded by both authors in two rounds using an inductive approach.

Results
Interviewed women believed that their opportunities for research engagement and research funding, collaborations, publications and promotions are negatively impacted by gender roles, implicit gender biases, their own high professional standards, family responsibilities, nationality and negative perceptions of their expertise and accomplishments.

Conclusions
Our study has found that women in DCU’s Faculty of Computing and Engineering face challenges that, according to those interviewed, negatively affect their engagement in various research activities, and, therefore, have contributed to their lower publication record. We suggest that while affirmative programmes aiming to correct disparities are necessary, they are more likely to improve organisational culture if they are implemented in parallel with bottom-up initiatives that engage all parties, including men researchers and non-academic partners, to inform and sensitise them about the significance of gender equity.
Meeting Report: Vaccine Stability Considerations to Enable Rapid Development and Deployment
Authors: Alasandro Mark , Choudhury Dilip , Huynh-Ba Kim , Kochling Jianmei , Latoz Christopher , Larkin Laure , McCaig Lori , Subbarao Nanda , Wu Yan , Zhang Yajie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Stability Community of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) held a virtual workshop on “Vaccine Stability Considerations to Enable Rapid Development and Deployment”, on March 24-25, 2021. The workshop included distinguished speakers and panelists from across the industry, academia, regulatory agencies, as well as health care leaders. This paper presents a review of the topics covered. Specifically the challenges in accelerating vaccine development and analytical characterization techniques to establish shelf-life were covered. Additionally, vaccine stability modeling using prior knowledge stability models and advanced kinetic analysis played a key in the EUA approaches discussed during the workshop. Finally, the role of stability studies in addressing the challenges of vaccine distribution and deployment during the pandemic were a focus of presentations and panel discussions.Although the workshop did not have any presentation topics directly dedicated to the mRNA vaccines, the techniques discussed are generally applicable. The mRNA vaccine developers were represented in the panel discussions, where experts involved in the EUA approval/deployment stages for this vaccine type could discuss the challenges as applied to their vaccines.
An alternate novel approach to classify lip prints
Authors: Kaur Jagmeet , Thakar Mukesh Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The wrinkles and grooves present on the sulci labiorum of human lips form characteristic patterns. As previous authors claimed, these can be used for personal identification in forensic cases because they are unique, permanent, and classifiable. Many scientists had devised different systems to classify the lip prints (Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, Martin Santos, Renaud, Afchar Bayar, and Jose Maria Dominguez). These systems were based solely on the shape of patterns present on the whole lip. However, sometimes, lip prints affected by either habitual smoking or any other pathological conditions are encountered. The investigator may have to form an opinion on partial lip print to identify the culprit. Therefore, in the present study, an alternative comprehensive system to classify even the partial prints has been proposed. Lip print samples were collected from 500 individuals (400 females and 100 males, respectively) using the tape lifting method. The whole lip print (Klein’s zone) was divided into 10 quadrants (five each on upper and lower lips) to study the whole pattern area thoroughly. The sample-wise and quadrant-wise frequency of all the patterns was statistically calculated. Sexual dimorphism of the lip print patterns was also assessed statistically.

Results
The method used emphasizes the consistency of patterns, which have been divided into Basic and Combination Patterns. Detailed examination of lip prints revealed that all the quadrants tend to have 7 types of Basic Patterns and 43 types of Combination Patterns despite similar appearance. These patterns can be further categorized into various subtypes based on the direction and orientation of wrinkle lines constituting the original pattern. Most of the Basic and Combination Patterns were widely distributed in all the analysed lip print samples and showed significant dependence on the sex of the subject.

Conclusions
The lip print patterns examined in the present study can be useful as an alternative to the existing systems to classify even partial lip marks recovered at the crime scene.
Clinical and morphological features of SARS-COV-2 associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: case report
Authors: Ermilov Victor Vladimirovich , Dorofeev Nikita Alexeevich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The current case report presents acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy (AHNE) as an example of a fatal complication, the etiology of which could be coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with multiple organ damage along with the existing respiratory tuberculosis.

Case presentation
A male in his 20s had severe symptoms of central nervous system lesion, which developed against the background of COVID-19 and respiratory tuberculosis, for which he was treated in the intensive care unit. Autopsy confirmed that he died from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated AHNE in adults with severe fatal endothelial dysfunction and respiratory tuberculosis. The main morphological signs of brain damage were desquamative endotheliitis, thrombosis, parenchymal hemorrhagic necrosis, encephalitis, severe necrobiotic neuronal damage.

Conclusion
The defeat of endothelial cells with the development of generalized endotheliitis in COVID-19, especially in conjunction with comorbid pathology, in particular tuberculosis, can lead to a fatal complication that affects the nervous system—AHNE. Therefore, it is worth paying close attention to the appearance of neurological symptoms in patients with a similar combination of diseases.
A semi-systematic review on hypertension and dyslipidemia care in Egypt—highlighting evidence gaps and recommendations for better patient outcomes
Authors: Reda Ashraf , Ragy Hany , Saeed Kanwal , Alhussaini Mohammed Ashraf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Both hypertension and dyslipidemia are considered as major modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and their prevalence in Egypt has increased in recent years. Evidence-based systematic evaluation of data on hypertension and dyslipidemia is critical for effective patient-centric management to reduce the overall risk of CVDs in Egypt. This semi-systematic review aimed to quantify and identify data gaps in the prevalence and distribution of patient journey touchpoints including awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, adherence, and control of hypertension and dyslipidemia to provide the basis for research prioritization, practice guidance, and health care reforms in Egypt.

Main body
Structured search was conducted on MEDLINE and Embase to identify articles published in English between January 2010 and December 2019 that reported key patient journey touchpoints in hypertension and dyslipidemia management. Unstructured search was conducted on public or government websites with no date restriction. Data from all sources were extracted and presented descriptively. In total, 22 studies published between 1995 and 2020 on hypertension and dyslipidemia were included in the final analyses. The prevalence of hypertension in Egypt ranged from 12.1 to 59%. Studies reported awareness (37.5% and 43.9%), diagnosis (42% and 64.7%), treatment (24% and 54.1%), and adherence to antihypertensive medication (51.9%) to be low. Furthermore, the percentage of patients who had their blood pressure controlled ranged from 8 to 53.2%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia varied in the general population (range 19.2–36.8%) but was higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (50.9% and 52.5%) and coronary artery disease (58.7%). A national report indicated that 8.6% of the general population was screened for dyslipidemia; however, no data was available on the diagnosis and treatment rates. Among ACS patients, 73.9% were treated for dyslipidemia. Data indicated low levels of medication adherence (59%) among dyslipidemia patients, with overall low control rates ranging from 5.1 to 34.4% depending on CVD risk in populations including ACS patients.

Conclusion
Data on patient journey touchpoints of hypertension and dyslipidemia are limited in Egypt, indicating the need for more systematic and high-quality evidence-based studies covering different aspects of patient-centric management for better management of CVD and its risk factors.
A new process on the basic formula of kimchi: derived kimchi from a combination of yangnyeom (kimchi sauce) and vegetables
Authors: Lee Chang Hyeon , Ko Young Ju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a way of reconsidering how to explain kimchi, which is quite diverse even though it is often referred to as if it expresses a single, universal dish, to non-Koreans, particularly given the worldwide rise in its popularity. Koreans are accustomed to the general process of explaining kimchi in terms of the different types of vegetables that are the main ingredients. However, this process makes it difficult for Westerners who are new to kimchi to fully understand the comprehensive meaning and value of the dish. For this reason, it is time to change the process of explaining kimchi for Westerners who are accustomed to food culture using sauces. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature and will be of interest to the readership of the Journal of Ethnic Foods journal because it reviews and draws from 15 kimchi recipes posted by the world-famous culinary YouTuber Maangchi and proposes that discussing and classifying the composition and structure of ingredients and the basic formula as the best way of introducing non-Koreans to the variety of this quintessentially Korean dish and encouraging them to create their own varieties of kimchi upon a simple foundation of ingredients. People worldwide will be able to evolve to the stage where they can recognize and reconstruct the basic formula in which various derived kimchi types are made by combining kimchi yangnyeom and vegetables.
User experience and motivation with engineering design challenges in general chemistry laboratory
Authors: Crippen Kent J. , Imperial Lorelie , Payne Corey , Bolch Charlotte A. , Korolev Maria , Wu Chang-Yu , Brucat Philip 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur career-forward approach to general chemistry laboratory for engineers involves the use of design challenges (DCs), an innovation that employs authentic professional context and practice to transform traditional tasks into developmentally appropriate career experiences. These challenges are scaled-down engineering problems related to the US National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges that engage students in collaborative problem solving via the modeling process. With task features aligned with professional engineering practice, DCs are hypothesized to support student motivation for the task as well as for the profession. As an evaluation of our curriculum design process, we use expectancy–value theory to test our hypotheses by investigating the association between students’ task value beliefs and self-confidence with their user experience, gender and URM status. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the results reveal that students find value in completing a DC (F(5,2430) = 534.96, p < .001) and are self-confident (F(8,2427) = 154.86, p < .001) when they feel like an engineer, are satisfied, perceive collaboration, are provided help from a teaching assistant, and the tasks are not too difficult. We highlight that although female and URM students felt less self-confidence in completing a DC, these feelings were moderated by their perceptions of feeling like an engineer and collaboration in the learning process (F(10,2425) = 127.06, p < .001). When female students felt like they were engineers (gender x feel like an engineer), their self-confidence increased (β = .288) and when URM students perceived tasks as collaborative (URM status x collaboration), their self-confidence increased (β = .302). Given the lack of representation for certain groups in engineering, this study suggests that providing an opportunity for collaboration and promoting a sense of professional identity afford a more inclusive learning experience.