bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds
Authors: Amri Nasser , Wirth Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganosulfur compounds are being widely used in medicinal chemistry, as well as in organic transformations and in synthetic applications. Because of their interest in many areas, the development of sustainable and green synthetic methods to access various organosulfur compounds has a high influence on the chemistry community. Electroorganic synthesis has become a very valuable methodology for the synthesis of organosulfur compounds during the last decade. The use of electrochemical technology offers a green, sustainable and safe alternative to prepare and modify such compounds. This review summarises recent developments in the preparation of organosulfur compounds such as sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfinic esters, sulfonamides, thiosulfonates, sulfonyl fluorides and sulfoximines under electrochemical reaction conditions.
Do risk management strategies prevent economic and non‐economic loss and damages? Empirical evidence from drought affected households in western India
Authors: Bahinipati Chandra Sekhar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVarious transformative and curative measures have been undertaken as part of the disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation program to mitigate risks from extreme events in India. Studies have so far explored the causal relationship between these options and economic loss and damage; however, there is a gap in the context of non‐economic loss and damage in general, and drought in particular. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the role of risk management options in preventing economic and non‐economic risks from droughts in western India. Irrigation and crop insurance are found to be the most frequently used adaptive measures among the sample households. Overall, this study reveals that irrigation mitigates damage risks, whereas crop insurance fails to smoothen consumption, particularly the non‐economic risks, which is in contrast to expectation. From the policy perspective, the study recommends expansion of irrigated command area with a large‐scale adoption of resource efficient technologies, and revisiting the existing insurance mechanism for effective risk management and large‐scale adoption.
Chemical attributes of percolate from degraded sand soil irrigated with treated industrial wastewater
Authors: Carlos Filipe Selau , Schaffer Naihana , Tedesco Marino José , Weinert Cristiano , Reginato Julia Lima , de Sousa Rogério Oliveira , Boechat Cacio Luiz , Andreazza Robson , de Oliveira Camargo Flávio Anastácio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApplying treated industrial tannery wastewater to soil can be an important practice for its disposal and aid in the recovery of degraded soils. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of the percolate of degraded soil irrigated with treated industrial wastewater (TIW). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using soil‐filled polyvinyl chloride columns. The treatments consisted of TIW at increasing rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and organomineral and organic fertilization. Irrigation with treated wastewater on soil degraded by clay extraction increased mineral nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity, sodium, and sodium adsorption ratio in percolate under maize cultivation. Irrigation with TIW increased mineral nitrogen and BOD in the percolate by 34% and 25%, respectively, relative to the control treatment (plain water). Concentrations of total nitrogen and BOD must be less than 100 and 65 mg L–1, respectively, to minimize the potential contamination of water bodies. The degraded soil and maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation reduced the total mineral nitrogen and BOD in the percolate by 96% and 84%, respectively. The sodium adsorption ratio had a high removal efficiency of 79% of the percolate when compared to TIW.
Kratom: A systematic review of toxicological issues
Authors: Kerrigan Sarah , Basiliere Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKratom is a botanical substance derived from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa. Although kratom has been used traditionally in Southeast Asia for over a century, recreational use and non‐medically supervised use of the drug in the West has escalated considerably over the past decade. Viewed as a legal, “safe” or “natural” alternative to opioids, kratom has gained widespread use for the non‐medically supervised treatment of chronic pain, anxiety, and opioid withdrawal. Kratom consists of a complex mixture of more than 50 alkaloids, of which mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine are the principal compounds of interest due to their abundance and heightened affinity for the mu opioid receptor, respectively. Mitragynine, which is structurally and pharmacologically distinct from traditional opioids, exhibits a multimodal mechanism of action which accounts for its complex adrenergic, serotonergic, and opioid‐like effects. Adverse effects including fatalities have been associated with kratom's use, often in combination with other drugs. While users report numerous benefits associated with its use, lack of regulatory control and escalating use among individuals with opioid use disorder has attracted widespread concern. In this review the origins, pharmacology, uses, effects, and analysis of the drug are reviewed from a toxicological standpoint.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > New Psychoactive Substances
Toxicology > Opioids
Toxicology > Plants and Poisons
Investigation on the photophysical properties of Cu(I) complexes supported by N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands with electron‐donating/withdrawing groups on imidazolylidene unit
Authors: Cai Xingwei , Ma Teng , Ding Danli , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Mingzhu , Chen Shanshan , Ma Zhongren , Teng Sen , Du Yibo , Zhang Tianci , Xu Chen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo new four‐coordinate Cu(I) complexes consisted of bidentate NHC ligand and diphosphine ligand were successfully synthesized and characterized. The electron‐donating methyl and electron‐withdrawing chlorine groups were introduced into the imidazolylidene unit of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands to investigate their influences on the photophysical properties of complexes. The red‐shifted low‐energy absorption bands indicate that both methyl and chlorine decreased the band gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Theoretical calculation results show the methyl group raised the energy level of HOMO more than that of LUMO, while the chlorine substituent lowered the energy level of LUMO more than that of HOMO. Both these Cu(I) complexes show high emission efficiencies and microsecond‐scale emission lifetimes. The photophysical data at 77 K show that emissions of these complexes are the mixture of phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
General Assessment of Industry 4.0 Awareness in South India—A Precondition for Efficient Organization Models?
Authors: Tippayawong Korrakot , Šafár Leoš , Sopko Jakub , Dancaková Darya , Woschank Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides a questionnaire-based survey on individuals, with an attempt to examine general awareness about I4.0, in the South India region. Results show inadequate future expectations regarding effects on several aspects of respondents’ lives, which mostly stem from a rather poor informational level of I4.0. Conversely, rather positive opinions and expectations of possible future trends come from respondents with prior information about I4.0. Thus, from a broader discussion we generalize, that for sustainable and successful development leading towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution, sufficient information and knowledge base within the potential labour force, especially in a particular region with promising demography, should be achieved. We find obtained information not negligible from SMEs management perspective and successful development of organization and network models.
Computational Intelligence in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Hošovský Alexander , Piteľ Ján , Trojanová Monika , Židek Kamil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is affecting almost every area of the industry, and as a result of its effects, systems, technologies, and the way information is processed are being transformed. Its typical feature is transmission of information in the system environment provided by the Internet of Things. All information should be stored and shared through cloud computing. As a result, access to information should be unrestricted. This chapter is focused on Computational Intelligence (CI) in the context of Industry 4.0. Each subchapter provides fundamentals of some paradigms, followed by the use of CI in the concrete paradigm. The ending part of the chapter is focused on connecting theory and practice in a case study, which lists industrial parts recognition by convolutional neural networks for assisted assembly.
Industrial Assistance Systems to Enhance Human–Machine Interaction and Operator’s Capabilities in Assembly
Authors: Mark Benedikt G. , Rauch Erwin , Matt Dominik T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the context of digitalization and Industry 4.0, the world of work is changing comprehensively. Smaller lot sizes and increasing variability of products in the modern industrial production present new challenges for operators working in manual assembly. Industrial assistance systems help the worker during these production tasks to enhance their capabilities. The development of these systems is not only characterized by questions of the potential feasibility of new technical systems but also by the possibilities of a closer cooperation between humans and machines with the aim to synergize the outstanding abilities of humans with the special features of machines to bring together the best from both worlds. This chapter presents solutions for human–machine interaction and automation and delivers insight into different possibilities to enhance the various types of operator’s skills in industrial assembly. With this knowledge, each worker can be individually equipped with suitable supporting systems in order to be best prepared for future challenges in the daily production.
Investigation of the Potential to Use Real-Time Data in Production Planning and Control of Make to Order (MTO) Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Woschank Manuel , Dallasega Patrick , Kapeller Johannes A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe integrated planning and control of logistics processes can be seen as one of the basic prerequisites for the successful implementation of smart production systems and smart and lean supply chains, as well. Therefore, modern Industry 4.0 approaches are mainly focusing on (1) the principles of decentralization and (2) the usage of real-time data to improve the overall logistics performance in terms of promised delivery dates, work in progress, capacity utilization, and lead-times. In this context, this chapter systematically evaluates the application of decentralized production planning and control strategies, e.g., KANBAN and CONWIP, in comparison with traditional approaches, like MRP. Moreover, the impact of real-time data usage in production planning and control systems on lead-times and work in progress is investigated using a discrete event simulation based on primary data from a make to order manufacturer. The results of this industrial case study research confirm the significant potential that lies in smart production systems and smart and lean supply chains and, therefore, in the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies and technological concepts in production and logistics systems.
Automated Performance Measurement in Internal Logistics Systems
Authors: Raith Chiara , Woschank Manuel , Zsifkovits Helmut 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn addition to economic and on-time order fulfillment, the monitoring of the plant performance and its related key performance indicators is a central task of logistics management and control systems. Currently, the determination and calculation of performance figures within the framework of site acceptance tests of automated logistics systems are plant-specific and, therefore, require a lot of manual effort. In this chapter, the authors develop a concept for the automated determination of performance indicators for storage and conveying systems. Based on a comprehensive literature review, structured expert interviews and including various perspectives from industrial applications the approach is designed. Further, the impact of the proposed concept on the logistics performance of the plant and the adequate selection of a maintenance strategy is discussed.
Coaction and double-copy properties of configuration-space integrals at genus zero
Authors: Britto Ruth , Mizera Sebastian , Rodriguez Carlos , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate configuration-space integrals over punctured Riemann spheres from the viewpoint of the motivic Galois coaction and double-copy structures generalizing the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations in string theory. For this purpose, explicit bases of twisted cycles and cocycles are worked out whose orthonormality simplifies the coaction. We present methods to efficiently perform and organize the expansions of configuration-space integrals in the inverse string tensionα′ or the dimensional-regularization parameterϵof Feynman integrals. Generating-function techniques open up a new perspective on the coaction of multiple polylogarithms in any number of variables and analytic continuations in the unintegrated punctures. We present a compact recursion for a generalized KLT kernel and discuss its origin from intersection numbers of Stasheff polytopes and its implications for correlation functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories. We find a non-trivial example of correlation functions in ($$ \mathfrak{p} $$p,2) minimal models, which can be normalized to become uniformly transcendental in the$$ \mathfrak{p} $$p→ ∞ limit.
Neutrino non-standard interactions meet precision measurements of Neff
Authors: Du Yong , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The number of relativistic species, Neff, has been precisely calculated in the standard model, and would be measured to the percent level by CMB-S4 in future. Neutral-current non-standard interactions would affect neutrino decoupling in the early Universe, thus modifying Neff. We parameterize those operators up to dimension-7 in the effective field theory framework, and then provide a complete, generic and analytical dictionary for the collision term integrals. From precision measurements of Neff, the most stringent constraint is obtained for the dimension-6 vector-type neutrino-electron operator, whose scale is constrained to be above about 195 (331) GeV from Planck (CMB-S4). We find our results complementary to other experiments like neutrino coherent scattering, neutrino oscillation, collider, and neutrino deep inelastic scattering experiments.
Flows on measurable spaces
Authors: Lovász László 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe theory of graph limits is only understood to a somewhat satisfactory degree in the cases of dense graphs and of bounded degree graphs. There is, however, a lot of interest in the intermediate cases. It appears that one of the most important constituents of graph limits in the general case will be Markov spaces (Markov chains on measurable spaces with a stationary distribution). This motivates our goal to extend some important theorems from finite graphs to Markov spaces or, more generally, to measurable spaces. In this paper, we show that much of flow theory, one of the most important areas in graph theory, can be extended to measurable spaces. Surprisingly, even the Markov space structure is not fully needed to get these results: all we need a standard Borel space with a measure on its square (generalizing the finite node set and the counting measure on the edge set). Our results may be considered as extensions of flow theory for directed graphs to the measurable case.
GPU accelerated voxel-based machining simulation
Authors: Schnös Florian , Hartmann Dirk , Obst Birgit , Glashagen Glenn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe simulation of subtractive manufacturing processes has a long history in engineering. Corresponding predictions are utilized for planning, validation and optimization, e.g., of CNC-machining processes. With the up-rise of flexible robotic machining and the advancements of computational and algorithmic capability, the simulation of the coupled machine-process behaviour for complex machining processes and large workpieces is within reach. These simulations require fast material removal predictions and analysis with high spatial resolution for multi-axis operations. Within this contribution, we propose to leverage voxel-based concepts introduced in the computer graphics industry to accelerate material removal simulations. Corresponding schemes are well suited for massive parallelization. By leveraging the computational power offered by modern graphics hardware, the computational performance of high spatial accuracy volumetric voxel-based algorithms is further improved. They now allow for very fast and accurate volume removal simulation and analysis of machining processes. Within this paper, a detailed description of the data structures and algorithms is provided along a detailed benchmark for common machining operations.
Testing for the rationality of central bank interest rate forecasts
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Jung Jin-Kyu , Rülke Jan-Christoph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the bias in interest rate projections of five central banks, namely the central banks of the Czech Republic, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the USA. We examine whether central bank projections are based on an asymmetric loss function and report evidence that central banks perceive an overprojection of their longer-term interest rate forecasts as twice as costly as an underprojection of the same size. We find that forecast rationality is consistent with biased interest rate projections under the assumption of an asymmetric loss function, which contributes to explaining the behavior of the examined central banks and their forecasts.
The cognitive and behavioral effects of D-amphetamine and nicotine sensitization in adult zebrafish
Authors: Cleal Madeleine , Fontana Barbara D. , Parker Matthew O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Zebrafish are growing in use as a model for understanding drug dependence and addiction. Sensitization paradigms have been a useful tool in identifying mechanisms involved in drug-induced behavioral and neurological changes, but in zebrafish have tended to focus on locomotor, rather than cognitive, endpoints.

Methods
Here, we used a novel method, the FMP Y-maze, which measures continuous performance through a series of repeated binary choices (L vs R), to establish a model for assessing parameters associated with psychostimulant-induced behavioral and cognitive sensitization in adult zebrafish.

Results
Repeat, intermittent exposure to d-amphetamine (AMPH) for 14 days increased alternations (LRLR) in the maze, suggesting improved working memory, which was enhanced further following drug challenge after a short withdrawal period, suggesting behavioral sensitization. However, this cognitive enhancement coincided with a reduction in the use of other exploration strategies, hypolocomotion, and inhibition of cognitive flexibility. Like AMPH, exposure to nicotine (NIC) increased alternations following drug challenge after chronic treatment. Repeat NIC exposure appeared to induce both cognitive and psychomotor sensitization, as evidenced by increased working memory performance (alternations) and locomotor activity, without negatively impacting other search strategies or cognitive flexibility.

Conclusion
Chronic treatment with AMPH or NIC boosts cognitive performance in adult zebrafish. Cognitive sensitization occurred with both drugs, resulting in enhanced working memory; however, repeat AMPH exposure, following a withdrawal period, resulted in inhibited cognitive flexibility, an effect not evident with repeat NIC exposure. Cognitive and behavioral sensitization paradigms in zebrafish could serve as a useful tool for assessing cognitive states which result in cognitive enhancing or impairing effects of drugs.
Rapeseed protein as a novel ingredient of gluten-free bread
Authors: Korus J. , Chmielewska A. , Witczak M. , Ziobro R. , Juszczak L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyze the influence of rapeseed protein isolate on physico-chemical properties, sensory attributes and storage of gluten-free bread prepared on the basis of corn and potato starch mixture with the addition of pectin and guar gum. Starches used in bread formulation were replaced with rapeseed protein isolate in the amounts 6–15%. The bread was characterized in terms of physical properties, including volume, crumb structure and color, which was accompanied with sensory assessment. Texture and thermal properties were determined during 3 days of storage. It was observed that the presence of rapeseed protein, especially at higher levels, caused an increase in bread volume and density of pores and a decrease in crumb porosity, as compared to the control. Partial replacement of starch with rapeseed protein caused a significant increase of b* parameter, reflecting rising yellowness, which positively influenced bread acceptance. Rapeseed protein limited bread staling during storage in comparison to control sample. The results demonstrate that rapeseed protein could become a valuable component of gluten-free bread, as it provides valuable amino acids, but also beneficially influences quality characteristics.
Surgical repair techniques, functional outcome, and return to sports after apophyseal avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity in adolescents
Authors: Best Raymond , Meister Anorte , Huth Jochen , Becker Ulrich , Meier Malin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeAmong juvenile apophyseal avulsion injuries of the pelvis in adolescents, fractures of the ischial tuberosity are rare but sustainably debilitating. Also because informations on surgical repair options are very sparse and so far limited to general reviews, reports of individual cases or heterogeous small case series, practitioners, patients and their parental environment still feel a comprehensible hesitation regarding operative treatment. Therefore we intended to investigate patient related outcome measurements and return to sports rates after different types of surgical intervention in an own case series, so far unprecendented in its size.MethodsPatient data of adolescents that underwent surgical intervention for a displaced apophyseal avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity between 01/2015 and 12/2019 in our institution were gathered. Patients were then evaluated using the hamstring injury specific Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT). Furthermore the return to sports level in comparison to the particular pre-injury level was rated.ResultsEleven adolescents with an acute or chronic mean fragment dislocation of 3.3 cm (SD ± 1.7) underwent surgical intervention in the assigned period. The mean post-operative PHAT score was 86.9 (0–100, SD ± 11.9) and thus good to excellent. The majority of adolescents (10/11) was able to return to their pre-injury sports, whereas 63.6% achieved full or nearly full level.ConclusionsSurgical refixation or restoration of aphoyseal avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity result in good to excellent outcomes and return to sport rates, irrespective of the type of intervention. Here prompt diagnosis with a timely intervention seems more promising than delayed interventions in chronic cases. Beyond 1.5 cm of fragment displacement affected patients should be counselled for surgical intervention.