bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leader and Organizational Behavioral Integrity and Follower Behavioral Outcomes: The Role of Identification Processes
Authors: Ete Ziya , Epitropaki Olga , Zhou Qin , Graham Les 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the concept of behavioral integrity from three important foci in organizational settings: i.e., leader, organization, and follower. Drawing from theories of behavioral integrity, social learning, and social identity, we examine the effects of leader and organizational behavioral integrity on follower behavioral integrity and organizational citizenship behavior via follower identification with leader and with organization, respectively. To test our hypotheses, we used data from three studies. Studies 1 and 2 were online experiments (N = 211 andN = 200, respectively) in which behavioral integrity was manipulated in written scenarios to explore the proposed causal relationships. Study 3 was a multisource field study that tested a mediation model using matched data collected from 280 employees and their co-workers from a Fire and Rescue Service in the United Kingdom. The findings provide partial support for our hypothesized model and highlight the importance of examining multiple foci of behavioral integrity as well as the role of follower identification as key mediating mechanisms of the relationship between leader and organizational behavioral integrity and follower behavioral outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Cellulose and its derivatives: towards biomedical applications
Authors: Seddiqi Hadi , Oliaei Erfan , Honarkar Hengameh , Jin Jianfeng , Geonzon Lester C. , Bacabac Rommel G. , Klein-Nulend Jenneke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide on Earth. It can be obtained from a vast number of sources,e.g.cell walls of wood and plants, some species of bacteria, and algae, as well as tunicates, which are the only known cellulose-containing animals. This inherent abundance naturally paves the way for discovering new applications for this versatile material. This review provides an extensive survey on cellulose and its derivatives, their structural and biochemical properties, with an overview of applications in tissue engineering, wound dressing, and drug delivery systems. Based on the available means of selecting the physical features, dimensions, and shapes, cellulose exists in the morphological forms of fiber, microfibril/nanofibril, and micro/nanocrystalline cellulose. These different cellulosic particle types arise due to the inherent diversity among the source of organic materials or due to the specific conditions of biosynthesis and processing that determine the consequent geometry and dimension of cellulosic particles. These different cellulosic particles, as building blocks, produce materials of different microstructures and properties, which are needed for numerous biomedical applications. Despite having great potential for applications in various fields, the extensive use of cellulose has been mainly limited to industrial use, with less early interest towards the biomedical field. Therefore, this review highlights recent developments in the preparation methods of cellulose and its derivatives that create novel properties benefiting appropriate biomedical applications.
An exploratory study on confusion in code reviews
Authors: Ebert Felipe , Castor Fernando , Novielli Nicole , Serebrenik Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContextCode review is a widely used technique of systematic examination of code changes which aims at increasing software quality. Code reviews provide several benefits for the project, including finding bugs, knowledge transfer, and assurance of adherence to project guidelines and coding style. However, code reviews have a major cost: they can delay the merge of the code change, and thus, impact the overall development process. This cost can be even higher if developers do not understand something, i.e., when developers faceconfusionduring the code review.ObjectiveThis paper studies the phenomenon ofconfusionin code reviews. Understanding confusion is an important starting point to help reducing the cost of code reviews and enhance the effectiveness of this practice, and hence, improve the development process.MethodWe conducted two complementary studies. The first one aimed at identifying the reasons for confusion in code reviews, its impacts, and the coping strategies developers use to deal with it. Then, we surveyed developers to identify the most frequently experienced reasons for confusion, and conducted a systematic mapping study of solutions proposed for those reasons in the scientific literature.ResultsFrom the first study, we build a framework with 30 reasons for confusion, 14 impacts, and 13 coping strategies. The results of the systematic mapping study shows 38 articles addressing the most frequent reasons for confusion. From those articles, we found 13 different solutions for confusion proposed in the literature, and five impacts were established related to the most frequent reasons for confusion.ConclusionsBased on the solutions identified in the mapping study, or the lack of them, we propose an actionable guideline for developers on how to cope with confusion during code reviews; we also make several suggestions how tool builders can support code reviews. Additionally, we propose a research agenda for researchers studying code reviews.
Are perception and adaptation to climate variability and change of cowpea growers in Mali gender differentiated?
Authors: Diarra Fatimata Bintou , Ouédraogo Mathieu , Zougmoré Robert B. , Partey Samuel Tetteh , Houessionon Prosper , Mensah Amos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the gender dimension of climate change perception and choice of adaptation strategies is crucial for policy recommendations that foster the development and integration of gender-responsive climate-smart agricultural interventions into agricultural development programs. This study determined the differences in the perception and choice of adaptation strategies between men and women farmers in Cinzana in the Segou region of Mali. The study used questionnaire interviews involving 260 farmers (49% women) and focus group discussions for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model to understand the determinants of the level of adoption of adaptation strategies. The results showed that, irrespective of gender, majority of farmers perceived climate change as extended period of droughts, shortened duration of rains, increased frequency of strong winds and increased day and night temperatures. While climate change perception was similar between men and women, choice of adaptation strategies differed significantly in most instances. Women farmers were generally low adopters of crop and varieties-related strategies, soil and water conservation technics (contour farming, use of organic manure), etc., compare to men. Notably, being the household head, age and the availability of free labor were found to positively increased farmers’ probability of adopting many adaptation strategies. The study recommends improving women’s access and control of production resources (land, labor) as means to improving their adoption of adaptation strategies.
Data Ethics Decision Aid (DEDA): a dialogical framework for ethical inquiry of AI and data projects in the Netherlands
Authors: Franzke Aline Shakti , Muis Iris , Schäfer Mirko Tobias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis contribution discusses the development of the Data Ethics Decision Aid (DEDA), a framework for reviewing government data projects that considers their social impact, the embedded values and the government’s responsibilities in times of data-driven public management. Drawing from distinct qualitative research approaches, the DEDA framework was developed in an iterative process (2016–2018) and has since then been applied by various Dutch municipalities, the Association of Dutch Municipalities, and the Ministry of General Affairs (NL). We present the DEDA framework as an effective process to moderate case-deliberation and advance the development of responsible data practices. In addition, by thoroughly documenting the deliberation process, the DEDA framework establishes accountability. First, this paper sheds light on the necessity for data ethical case deliberation. Second, it describes the prototypes, the final design of the framework, and its evaluation. After a comparison with other frameworks, and a discussion of the findings, the paper concludes by arguing that the DEDA framework is a useful process for ethical evaluation of data projects for public management and an effective tool for creating awareness of ethical issues in data practices.
PI3K/AKT signaling drives titanium-induced angiogenic stimulus
Authors: Martins Bruna Rodrigues , Pinto Thais Silva , da Costa Fernandes Célio Junior , Bezerra Fábio , Zambuzzi Willian Fernando 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough osseointegration and clinical success of titanium (Ti)-implanted materials depend on neovascularization in the reactional peri-implant tissue, very little has been achieved considering the Ti-molecules release on the behavior of endothelial cells. To address this issue, we challenged endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Ti-enriched medium obtained from two types of commercial titanium surfaces [presenting or not dual-acid etching (DAE)] up to 72 h to allow molecular machinery analysis. Our data show that the Ti-enriched medium provokes significant stimulus of angiogenesis-related machinery in endothelial cells by upexpressing VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGF, eNOS, and iNOS genes, while the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was also significantly enhanced. As PI3K/AKT signaling was related to angiogenesis in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we addressed the importance of PI3K/Akt upon Ti-enriched medium responses by concomitantly treating the cells with wortmannin, a well-known PI3K inhibitor. Wortmannin suppressed the angiogenic factors, because VEGF, VEGFR1, and eNOS genes were downregulated in those cells, highlighting the importance of PI3K/AKT signaling on driving angiogenic phenotype and angiogenesis performance within the peri-implant tissue reaction. In conjunction, these data reinforce that titanium-implantable devices modify the metabolism of surrounding cells, such as endothelial cells, probably coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis processes in peri-implant tissue and then contributing to successfully osseointegration of biomedical titanium-based devices.
Use of morphological and contextual cues in children’s lexical inferencing in L1 and L2
Authors: Raudszus Henriette , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn an experimental design, we investigated how fifth-grade readers use morphological and contextual information to infer the meaning of unknown words, and to what extent this is related to their cognitive and linguistic skills. A group of 166 fifth-grade Dutch children (59 L1, 107 L2) performed a lexical inferencing task in which the availability of morphological and contextual information was manipulated. Readers used both morphological and contextual information in lexical inferencing. Good decoding skill was related to more use of morphological information. Reading comprehension skill was associated with the use of morphological and contextual cues. L1 and L2 readers did not differ with respect to the use of morphological information. L2 readers used contextual information less in their inferences than L1 readers did. This difference was driven by L2 readers with weak vocabulary. The use of contextual information was especially high in L1 readers with good reading comprehension skills, and especially low in L2 readers with low vocabulary. Results indicate that to access morphological information, decoding is crucial, whereas for contextual inferencing, a minimum of linguistic competence is needed, which makes it more challenging for L2 readers.
Intervening Agency and Civilian Liability
Authors: Frowe Helen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdam Hosein has recently proposed that a sufficient degree of intervening agency between a person’s contribution to an unjust lethal threat and the posing of that threat can exempt the contributor from liability to defensive killing. Hosein suggests that this will exempt most civilians from liability to lethal defence even if they contribute to unjust killings. I argue that intervening agency does not bear on a person’s responsibility for a threat, and does not exempt her from liability to defensive killing.
Traditional and new ways in competence management: Application of HR analytics in competence management
Authors: Karwehl Laura Johanna , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article within the magazine Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) provides an overview of established and new ways in competence management, with a focus on the HR Analytics approach. Competence management has come a long way. Since the beginning of competence research in the 1970’s technological progress and altering competence demands among employees have drastically reshaped the landscape of employment. Handling complexity and large amounts of information has become essential in order to keep up with developments of today’s world. The globalised competition has fostered an increasingly intense ‘War for Talents’ under volatile circumstances. How can an organisation develop an anticipative competence strategy if there are so many variables regarding the future? Since digitalization and the evolving field of big data and predictive analytics enable new ways of information processing, new concepts for human resources management are required. The most prominent approach nowadays is a company-specific competence model that is derived from the organisational strategy. Employees are developed with regard to the competence strategy—even though it might turn out as too rigid to react flexibly to changing environmental conditions in a steadily faster global competition. We state that this process can be extended by a data-driven approach in order to support HR departments and achieve an improved rate of correct assessments for future HR developmental measures.
The Krein–von Neumann Extension for Schrödinger Operators on Metric Graphs
Authors: Muller Jacob , Rohleder Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Krein–von Neumann extension is studied for Schrödinger operators on metric graphs. Among other things, its vertex conditions are expressed explicitly, and its relation to other self-adjoint vertex conditions (e.g. continuity-Kirchhoff) is explored. A variational characterisation for its positive eigenvalues is obtained. Based on this, the behaviour of its eigenvalues under perturbations of the metric graph is investigated, and so-called surgery principles are established. Moreover, isoperimetric eigenvalue inequalities are obtained.
The cotangent complex and Thom spectra
Authors: Rasekh Nima , Stonek Bruno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cotangent complex of a map of commutative rings is a central object in deformation theory. Since the 1990s, it has been generalized to the homotopical setting of $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-ring spectra in various ways. In this work we first establish, in the context of $$\infty $$
∞
-categories and using Goodwillie’s calculus of functors, that various definitions of the cotangent complex of a map of $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-ring spectra that exist in the literature are equivalent. We then turn our attention to a specific example. Let R be an $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-ring spectrum and $$\mathrm {Pic}(R)$$

Pic
(
R
)

denote its Picard $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-group. Let Mf denote the Thom $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-R-algebra of a map of $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-groups $$f:G\rightarrow \mathrm {Pic}(R)$$

f
:
G
→
Pic
(
R
)

; examples of Mf are given by various flavors of cobordism spectra. We prove that the cotangent complex of $$R\rightarrow Mf$$

R
→
M
f

is equivalent to the smash product of Mf and the connective spectrum associated to G.
Why is Complexity Science valuable for reaching the goals of the UN 2030 Agenda?
Authors: Gentili Pier Luigi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe goals and targets included in the 2030 Agenda compiled by the United Nations want to stimulate action in areas of critical importance for humanity and the Earth. These goals and targets regard everyone on Earth from both the health and economic and social perspectives. Reaching these goals means to deal with Complex Systems. Therefore, Complexity Science is undoubtedly valuable. However, it needs to extend its scope and focus on some specific objectives. This article proposes a development of Complexity Science that will bring benefits for achieving the United Nations’ aims. It presents a list of the features shared by all the Complex Systems involved in the 2030 Agenda. It shows the reasons why there are certain limitations in the prediction of Complex Systems’ behaviors. It highlights that such limitations raise ethical issues whenever new technologies interfere with the dynamics of Complex Systems, such as human beings and the environment. Finally, new methodological approaches and promising research lines to face Complexity Challenges included in the 2030 Agenda are put forward.
Research and design of data communication subsystem of urban rail transit CBTC system
Authors: Huang Cong , Huang Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the intensive development of urban rail transit in China, urban rail transit has increasingly become the preferred mode of transportation for citizens due to its convenience and speed. The design and construction of an efficient and highly reliable urban rail transit system has become an urgent requirement for urban rail transit construction. This article mainly introduces the research and design of the data communication subsystem of the urban rail transit CBTC system, and intends to provide some ideas and directions for studying the data communication subsystem of the urban rail transit CBTC system. This article uses a variety of methods, such as consulting literature and information research on trademark system suppliers. The development status of CBTC system and data communication subsystem is analyzed, and the importance of data communication subsystem and the necessity of the entire CBTC system are analyzed. The experimental results of this article show that in the design, development and application engineering of the CBTC system, the DCS subsystem accounts for 55%, the system is complex, and the environment is changeable, occupying an important position. When the DCS has a problem, it may cause drive failure, affect normal functions, cause greater losses, and even cause huge safety accidents. Therefore, the reasonable, reliable and safe design of the DCS subsystem is of great significance.
Omega-3 nutraceuticals, climate change and threats to the environment: The cases of Antarctic krill and Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Prado-Cabrero Alfonso , Nolan John M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe nutraceutical market for EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is promoting fishing forEuphasia superba(Antarctic krill) in the Southern Ocean andCalanus finmarchicusin Norwegian waters. This industry argues that these species are underexploited, but they are essential in their ecosystems, and climate change is altering their geographical distribution. In this perspective, we advocate the cessation of fishing for these species to produce nutraceuticals with EPA and DHA. We argue that this is possible because, contrary to what this industry promotes, the benefits of these fatty acids only seem significant to specific population groups, and not for the general population. Next, we explain that this is desirable because there is evidence that these fisheries may interact with the impact of climate change. Greener sources of EPA and DHA are already available on the market, and their reasonable use would ease pressure on the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems.
The Role of National and International Intellectual Property Law and Policy in Reconceptualising the Definition of Investment
Authors: Upreti Pratyush Nath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the role of national and international intellectual property (IP) law in assessing IP as a protected investment. It offers two approaches for controlling investment arbitration related to intellectual property rights (IPRs), followed by an examination of the implications and challenges of those approaches. Its main argument is that even if a dispute arises from an investment (IP as an investment), it does not necessarily fall under the jurisdictional requirements of investment arbitration. Rather, assessing IP as an investment must be done by referring to national laws. This is more relevant in the case of IPRs as they are territorial. This means that rights and obligations are derived from national IP legislation. Essentially, only those IPRs that are “protected” by national regimes should be treated as investments. This article also examines the language used in investment agreements and arbitral awards to analyse the role of national law, particularly in determining the validity and scope of IP investments. Then it examines three IP-related arbitral cases to discuss how arbitral tribunals have used national law. Finally, it suggests approaches for controlling investment arbitration by integrating the territoriality principle and the social objectives and bargains achieved through international IP treaties.
GTB-PPI: Predict Protein–Protein Interactions Based on L1-Regularized Logistic Regression and Gradient Tree Boosting
Authors: Yu Bin , Chen Cheng , Zhou Hongyan , Liu Bingqiang , Ma Qin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are of great importance to understand genetic mechanisms, delineate disease pathogenesis, and guide drug design. With the increase of PPI data and development of machine learning technologies, prediction and identification of PPIs have become a research hotspot in proteomics. In this study, we propose a new prediction pipeline for PPIs based on gradient tree boosting (GTB). First, the initial feature vector is extracted by fusing pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC), pseudo position-specific scoring matrix (PsePSSM), reduced sequence and index-vectors (RSIV), and autocorrelation descriptor (AD). Second, to remove redundancy and noise, we employ L1-regularized logistic regression (L1-RLR) to select an optimal feature subset. Finally, GTB-PPI model is constructed. Five-fold cross-validation showed that GTB-PPI achieved the accuracies of 95.15% and 90.47% on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Helicobacter pylori datasets, respectively. In addition, GTB-PPI could be applied to predict the independent test datasets for Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, and Mus musculus, the one-core PPI network for CD9, and the crossover PPI network for the Wnt-related signaling pathways. The results show that GTB-PPI can significantly improve accuracy of PPI prediction. The code and datasets of GTB-PPI can be downloaded from https://github.com/QUST-AIBBDRC/GTB-PPI/.