bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy 3.0: Rediscovering Theatrum Anatomicum in the wake of Covid‐19
Authors: de Carvalho Filho Marco Antonio , Hafferty Frederic W. , Pawlina Wojciech 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has challenged medical educators internationally to confront the challenges of adapting their present educational activities to a rapidly evolving digital world. In this article, the authors use anatomy education as proxy to reflect on and remap the past, present, and future of medical education in the face of these disruptions. Inspired by the historical Theatrum Anatomicum (Anatomy 1.0), the authors argue replacing current anatomy dissection laboratory (Anatomy 2.0) with a prototype anatomy studio (Anatomy 3.0). In this studio, anatomists are web‐performers who not only collaborate with other foundational science educators to devise meaningful and interactive content but who also partner with actors, directors, web‐designers, computer engineers, information technologists, and visual artists to master online interactions and processes in order to optimize students' engagement and learning. This anatomy studio also offers students opportunities to create their own online content and thus reposition themselves digitally, a step into developing a new competency of stage presence within medical education. So restructured, Anatomy 3.0 will prepare students with the skills to navigate an emergent era of tele and digital medicine as well as help to foreshadow forthcoming changes in medical education.
Structural modulation induced by cobalt‐based ionic liquids for enhanced thermoelectric transport in PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Lu Yannan , Wu Aoyun , Sha Chenwei , Hang Xiao‐chun , Young David James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been intensively studied for its thermoelectric applications. Structural modulation to improve crystalline ordering, chain conformation and film morphology is a promising way to decouple the trade‐off between conductivity and Seebeck coefficient and thus improve the thermoelectric power factor. Post treatment with ionic liquid ([CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O]:[ChCl]) bearing cobalt‐containing anions resulted in a remarkable enhancement of the power factor to 76.8 μW m−1 K−2. This IL combines the influence of a high‐boiling polar organic solvent and diffusing ions. A high σ mainly resulted from the efficient removal of PSS chains, ordering of the structure and delocalization of bipoloran‐dominant transport after conformational change. The increase in S was not due to dedoping of PEDOT chains, but rather the sharp feature of the density of states at the Fermi level induced by ion‐exchange with unconventional anions.
Einfluss des Schwindens auf Rissbreiten unter Lastbeanspruchung in Stahlbetonbauteilen
Authors: Cramer Jonas , Empelmann Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRissbreiten in Stahlbetonbauteilen vergrößern sich unter Langzeitbeanspruchung durch das zeitabhängige Materialverhalten des Betons. Während viele Rissbreitenansätze das Betonschwinden bei der Rissbreitenberechnung vernachlässigen, zeigen Untersuchungen in der Literatur, dass Schwinddehnungen bei der Rissbreitenberechnung berücksichtigt werden sollten. Um die einzelnen Effekte aus Schwinden, Verbund‐ und Betonkriechen auf das Rissbild einzuordnen, wurden die verschiedenen Anteile unter einer Lastbeanspruchung analysiert. Hierzu wurde im abgeschlossenen Rissbild eine Parameteranalyse mit einem an experimentellen Versuchen validierten rheologischen Modell durchgeführt und der Anteil des Betonschwindens an der Rissbreitenvergrößerung festgestellt. Ein Vergleich mit dem Rissbreitenansatz des Model Code 2010 zeigt, dass der Ansatz des Model Code 2010 potenziell gut geeignet ist, zeitabhängige Effekte wirklichkeitsnah abzubilden, diese allerdings überschätzt. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Ansatz modifiziert, sodass in einem weiteren Vergleich sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt wurden, ohne die in der Praxis etablierte Rissbreitenformel grundlegend zu verändern.
Proposed mechanism for post‐translational self‐modification of Co‐NHase based on Co2+ diffusion limitation
Authors: Shen Ji‐Dong , Cai Xue , Wang Ming , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNitrile hydratase (NHase), was an excellent biocatalyst for the synthesis of amide compounds. NHase was typical heterodimeric metalloprotein, required of the assistance of activator for active expressions. In this work, we found a special Co‐NHase HBA from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum, which had the ability of post‐translational self‐modification and could incorporate Co2+ into the catalytic center in the absence of activator.Method and ResultsWe simulated the movement of Co2+ in silico and established a hypothetical model to predict the Co2+ incorporation efficiency (XCo) of NHases. According to the simulation results, NHase mutants with different positive charge distribution were constructed. Compared with wild‐type, the Co2+ incorporation efficiency of K1 (M10K) was increased by 2.1‐fold from 0.36 to 0.76, and the specific activity was increased by 3.2‐fold from 136.3 to 432.0 U mg‐1, while mutant K1H1 (M10K, D11H) and K2H2 (M10K, D11H, E20K, N21H) lost the ability of post‐translation self‐modification.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe interactions of positively charged residues near the catalytic center, such as lysine with strong electrostatic repulsive interaction, arginine with weak electrostatic repulsive interaction and histidine with metal affinity, could limit the free diffusion of Co2+ in NHase and affect the efficiency of post‐translational self‐modification. This work also provided an effective strategy for protein engineering of NHases and other metalloenzymes.
Development and validation of an HPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify alectinib, crizotinib, erlotinib, gefitinib and osimertinib in human plasma samples, using one assay run
Authors: van Veelen Ard , van Geel Robin , Schoufs Roy , de Beer Yvo , Stolk Leo M. , Hendriks Lizza E. L. , Croes Sander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to quantify alectinib, crizotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib. This assay can be combined with our method for osimertinib, allowing quantification of the most used ALK‐ and EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non‐small cell lung cancer with a single‐assay setup. Chromatographic separation was performed on a HyPurity® C18 analytical column using an elution gradient of ammonium acetate in water and in methanol, both acidified with formic acid 0.1%. Detection and quantification were performed using a triple quad mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization interface. This method led to robust results, as the selectivity, carryover, precision and accuracy met all pre‐specified requirements. The assay was validated over a linear range of 100–2,000 ng/ml for alectinib and erlotinib and 50–1,000 ng/ml for crizotinib and gefitinib. Alectinib, crizotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib were all stable for at least 4 h in whole blood (at room temperature and at 4°C) and for at least 1 month in EDTA plasma when stored at −80°C, while osimertinib proved to be unstable at room temperature. Although high‐performance liquid chromatography was used, the run time was short and comparable with other methods using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography.
The role of hippocampal glial glutamate transporter (GLT‐1) in morphine‐induced behavioral responses
Authors: Saeedi Negin , Darvishmolla Mahgol , Tavassoli Zohreh , Davoudi Shima , Heysieattalab Soomaayeh , Hosseinmardi Narges , Janahmadi Mahyar , Behzadi Gila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpioid abuse modifies synaptic plasticity, which leads to behavioral changes, such as morphine dependence, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Glial cells play an important role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and are involved in addictive‐like behaviors. The indisputable role of glutamate in opiate addiction has been shown. Astrocytes, a type of glial cells, which are integral functional elements of synapses, modulate the concentration of glutamate in the synaptic space. One of the most important mechanisms for glutamate concentration regulation is its uptake from the synaptic cleft. In this study, we evaluated the role of hippocampal glial glutamate transporter (GLT‐1) in morphine dependence. Male rats received subcutaneous (s.c.) morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) at an interval of 12 h for 9 days. In order to activate GLT‐1, animals received an intrahippocampal injection of ceftriaxone (0.5 mmol/0.5 μl) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, 30 min before each morphine administration. Rats were assessed for morphine dependence by monitoring naloxone hydrochloride‐induced morphine withdrawal. Our results showed that hippocampal microinjection of ceftriaxone, as an activator of GLT‐1, reduced some signs of morphine withdrawal, such as activity, diarrhea, head tremor, freezing, and ptosis. It seems that hippocampal GLT‐1 can be affected by chronic morphine administration and involved in morphine dependence. Therefore, its activation may reduce morphine side effects by reducing hippocampal glutamate.
Bone marrow dosimetric analysis of lymphopenia in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Wang Qian , Qiu Qingtao , Zhang Zicheng , Zhang Jing , Yang Guanghui , Liu Chengxin , Li Baosheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe analyzed the relationship among peripheral blood lymphocytes, exposed sternum and vertebra body bone marrow (BM), and overall survival (OS) to find BM dosimetric parameters of lymphopenia during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe examined 476 ESCC patients from January 2012 to January 2015, all of whom received concurrent or sequential CRT. Absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) during radiotherapy (RT) of each patient were collected from the routine workup at the following RT times: pretreatment ALC (ALC0), at 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, and 21–25, and more than 26 sessions (called ALC1–6, respectively). The sternum and vertebral body BM were delineated in accordance with uniform standards, and the irradiated volumes were calculated by dose‐volume histograms (DVH). The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze the survival of the patients. Comparisons of DVH were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test or two‐sample t‐test where appropriate.ResultsA relative volume of sternum BM irradiated by more than 20 Gy could clearly affect the peripheral blood lymphocytes. The V20 of sternum BM and V50 of vertebra body BM were related to the OS of the patients, and the level of ALC2 (at 6–10 times of RT) could predict the outcomes of patients. The Cox regression analyses showed that the 218 patients with ALC2 ≥ 0.8 × 109/L had a significantly higher OS (47.0 months vs. 30.9 months, p < 0.0001) than the 258 patients with ALC2 < 0.8×109/L.ConclusionIn patients with ESCC, the relative volume of sternum BM irradiated by more than 20 Gy was associated with lymphocytes. Patients with ALC2 ≥ 0.8 × 109/L had a significantly higher OS. The V20 of the sternum BM, the V50 of the vertebra body BM, and the level of ALC2 were significant prognostic factors in patients with ESCC.
HPV‐positive oral papillomas in an adolescent—A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Benyo Sarah , Keane Allison , Warrick Joshua , Choi Karen Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus oral papilloma is often sexually transmitted, but non‐sexual modes of transmission should be considered, including autoinoculation from skin lesions. A patient‐centered multimodality approach should be utilized in the pediatric population.
An unusual case of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis
Authors: Nikzad Sarina , Al‐Arnawoot Amna A. , Cabaero Michael , Rogalla Patrik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNodular pulmonary amyloidosis is a rare and localized manifestation of amyloid deposition in the lungs. This rare entity, though asymptomatic, is often misdiagnosed on imaging alone, due to its resemblance to metastatic pulmonary nodules. This report highlights the significance of histologic confirmation before treatment, as a preventive measure against overtreatment.
Heterotaxy syndrome with complex congenital heart disease, facial palsy, and asplenia: A rare newborn finding
Authors: Kharel Sanjeev , Koirala Dinesh Prasad , Shrestha Suraj , Sedai Hari , Shrestha Bibek Man , Homagain Sushan , Kandel Suraj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeterotaxy syndrome is associated with asplenia/polysplenia and complex congenital heart disease. Facial palsy in heterotaxy is very rare. The management is still challenging with a poor prognosis. Proper counseling to the family about the disease course, treatment modalities, and outcomes is essential.
Effect of the Transforming Ag into an Active Species (Silver Chloride) for the Acetylene Hydrochlorination
Authors: Liu Li , Song Lutai , Xu Dong , Zhu Mingyuan , Dai Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective approaches are desired to improve catalytic performances for the hydrochlorination of acetylene. Crucially, the systematic explorations of catalytic and deactivation mechanisms are prerequisites to the implementation of such approaches. Ag has been scarcely researched for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction because it is easily poisoned by Cl, which inactivates it. However, this challenge must be further verified. Here, the active species and causes of the deactivation of Ag/activated carbon (AC) were discussed in detail. The results indicated that Ag/AC exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the acetylene hydrochlorination. Specifically, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that AgCl was the main active site, which was almost transformed from Ag0 after the activation with HCl for 0.5 h. Moreover, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP‐OES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirmed that the deactivation of the catalyst was justified by the loss of Ag and particle aggregation. Thus, the conversion of acetylene of the small‐sized AgCl nanoparticles were significantly enhanced, and these inhibited the agglomeration of the particles, thereby further verifying that AgCl was the active site. This perspective offered a suitable insight for the subsequent research on Ag‐based catalysts.
Noncovalent Interactions at Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Mahmudov Kamran T. , Huseynov Fatali E. , Aliyeva Vusala A. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLanthanide complexes have attracted a widespread attention due to their structural diversity, as well as multifunctional and tunable properties. The development of lanthanide based functional materials has often relied on the design of the secondary coordination sphere of the corresponding lanthanide complexes. For instance, usually simple lanthanide salts (solvento complexes) do not catalyze effectively organic reactions or provide low yield of the expected product, whereas the presence of a suitable organic ligand with a noncovalent bond donor or acceptor centre (secondary coordination sphere) modifies the symmetry around the metal centre in lanthanide complexes which then successfully can act as catalysts in both homogenous and heterogenous catalysis. In this minireview, we discuss several relevant examples, based on X‐ray crystal structure analyses, in which the hydrogen, halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel and rare‐earth bonds, as well as cation‐π, anion‐π, lone pair‐π, π–π and pancake interactions, are used as a synthon in the decoration of the secondary coordination sphere of lanthanide complexes.
Development of the Peripheral Functionalization Chemistry of meso‐Free Corroles
Authors: Tanaka Takayuki , Ueta Kento , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn contrast to the extensive development of the meso‐functionalization of porphyrins, that of corroles had rarely been explored until the development of practical synthetic methods for meso‐free corroles in 2015. The ready availability of meso‐free corroles opened up meso‐functionalization chemistry of corroles, giving rise to successful synthesis of various meso‐substituted corroles such as meso‐halogen, meso‐nitro, meso‐amino, meso‐oxo, and meso‐iminocorroles as well as meso–meso‐linked corrole dimers and corrole tapes. In some cases, 2NH corroles exist as stable or transient radical species. The impact of meso‐functionalization on the structures, electronic properties, optical characteristics, and aromaticity of corroles are highlighted in this Minireview.
Rethinking Uncaging: A New Antiaromatic Photocage Driven by a Gain of Resonance Energy
Authors: Hermanns Volker , Scheurer Maximilian , Kersten Nils Frederik , Abdellaoui Chahinez , Wachtveitl Josef , Dreuw Andreas , Heckel Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotoactivatable compounds for example photoswitches or photolabile protecting groups (PPGs, photocages) for spatiotemporal light control, play a crucial role in different areas of research. For each application, parameters such as the absorption spectrum, solubility in the respective media and/or photochemical quantum yields for several competing processes need to be optimized. The design of new photochemical tools therefore remains an important task. In this study, we exploited the concept of excited‐state‐aromaticity, first described by N. Colin Baird in 1971, to investigate a new class of photocages, based on cyclic, ground‐state‐antiaromatic systems. Several thio‐ and nitrogen‐functionalized compounds were synthesized, photochemically characterized and further optimized, supported by quantum chemical calculations. After choosing the optimal scaffold, which shows an excellent uncaging quantum yield of 28 %, we achieved a bathochromic shift of over 100 nm, resulting in a robust, well accessible, visible light absorbing, compact new photocage with a clean photoreaction and a high quantum product (ϵ⋅Φ) of 893 M−1 cm−1 at 405 nm.
The interaction and influence of digital and non‐digital structures, cultures and social norms on entrepreneurship
Authors: Taylor‐Wesselink Keisha , Teulon Frédéric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurs interact with other digital platform users to pursue opportunities and develop their businesses. However, although digital platforms are important for entrepreneurs, little empirical research exists on how entrepreneurs interact using digital platforms to meet their goals. Existing research is overwhelmingly conceptual, digital‐centric, focused on high‐growth entrepreneurship, and in countries in the global north. This paper addresses this gap with empirical evidence on how digital platforms are used for interacting by different types of entrepreneurs at different stages of development, in Trinidad and Tobago. It explains how online and offline structures, rules, social norms and culture interconnect to influence entrepreneurship using the theory and method of technology affordances and constraints, the entrepreneurial ecosystems concept, and a multi‐qualitative method.
R.I.G.H.T. leadership: Scale development and validation of a psychologically healthy leadership model
Authors: Biricik Gulseren Duygu , Thibault Tabatha , Kelloway E. Kevin , Mullen Jane , Teed Mike , Gilbert Stephanie , Dimoff Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe R.I.G.H.T. leadership model prescribes five specific behaviours for leaders in organizations to create psychologically healthy workplaces. The aim of this paper was to develop and validate a scale to measure the R.I.G.H.T. leadership behaviours. Collecting data from three samples across two studies (N = 108,N = 233,N = 420), we examined the factor structure and tested the validity of the R.I.G.H.T. leadership scale. We found support for the five‐factor structure of R.I.G.H.T. leadership. Moreover, we observed a positive association between R.I.G.H.T. leadership and mental health mediated by psychological safety at work. The scale developed in this study can be used in future research involving leadership and mental health.
Pattern design and optimization of yarn‐dyed plaid fabric using isolation niche genetic algorithm and rough set theory
Authors: Zhang Ning , Pan Ruru , Wang Lei , Gao Weidong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnder the circumstance of perceptual consumption, it is still challenging to grasp consumer's emotions and demands due to the large search space, diversified preferences, and easy fatigue of consumers. To reduce user fatigue and enlarge search space, a novel method was presented to design and optimize the pattern of yarn‐dyed plaid fabric using the isolation niche genetic algorithm and rough set theory. Each pattern was encoded as a chromosome based on the real number code. The population was initialized and evolved using INGA to maintain the diversity. The rough set theory was adopted as the fitness function of isolation niche genetic algorithm to extract the consumer's demands. After multiple evolutions, a large set of practical patterns of the yarn‐dyed plaid fabric are obtained. Experiments were carried out by 24 testers of different ages and genders. The results prove that the proposed method based on the isolation niche genetic algorithm and rough set theory is feasible and effective, supplying references to the designer.
Multi‐angle measurement device for analysis of coating appearances
Authors: Watanabe Shuhei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaterial appearance is an important factor in product design because it tends to attract consumers. Effect coatings that contain aluminum and interference pigments are widely used in automobiles. The color and sparkle values of these coatings vary with the observation angle. Several methods have been proposed to study these variations with respect to the observation angle. However, a high angular resolution is required to understand human perception. Thus, we developed a measurement device that can analyze the color and sparkle values at a high angular resolution for multiple angles. The device captures the sample surface by using a line scan spectral camera. Because the lighting device rotates around the sample while the line scan camera is capturing images, each scan line that makes up the image contains different angle information. A comparison was performed among the results obtained from this study, a commercially available device, and a subjective value of sparkle perception. Twenty samples were required to confirm that the sparkle values calculated from this study correlated closely with the subjective scores. In addition, the difference between the color values obtained from the BYK‐mac i spectrophotometer and the proposed technique was less than 3.5 (ΔE00). The findings of this study will help in developing the appearance of effective coatings. In addition, using evaluation values, quality control, and improvement are possible after mass production of coatings.