bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar but different: investigating temporal constructions in sign language
Authors: Aristodemo Valentina , Hauser Charlotte 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a study of French Sign Language (LSF) temporal constructions. While we know from spoken language research that temporal constructions can be expressed through a variety of syntactic strategies such as subordination, juxtaposition, and coordination, finding their equivalent in sign languages is often a challenge due to the absence of overt complementizers and other function words such as coordinators. This study explores temporal constructions in LSF and frames them within a broad typological perspective. We show that LSF temporal clauses are very different from those of Italian Sign language (LIS) studied by Aristodemo (2017). Specifically, LSF temporal constructions are composed of two coordinated clauses and the temporal marker is integrated into the second conjunct. LIS temporal clauses, on the other hand, are composed of a main and a subordinated clause. This finding shows that the typological categories found in spoken language are also relevant for sign language studies.
El nuevo modelo de convivencia urbana: los enclaves habitacionales auto-segregados en Managua
Authors: Gutiérrez Lanza Danna 
Published: January 2021

La investigación urbana en Latinoamérica ha identificado la existencia de nuevos modelos del espacio urbano en las ciudades de la región. Este modelo representa cambios en el patrón de segregación espacial, que en términos socio-habitacionales (o urbano-habitacional) implica que, aunque los grupos se encuentran en mayor proximidad física, están separados por muros o tecnologías de seguridad.
En Managua el modelo de crecimiento urbano ha seguido una lógica de dispersión de baja densidad que se expande hacia las áreas suburbanas. El patrón muestra una expansión a lo largo de los ejes viales radiales convertidos en ejes importantes de inversión para desarrollos habitacionales con un carácter muy marcado: las viviendas de la “clase alta” (Rodgers, 2006). El fenómeno de la segregación espacial toma mayor fuerza a partir de la década de 1990 y hoy una serie de proyectos habitacionales que se caracterizan por su carácter segregativo acentúan el proceso de urbanización “desordenado, discontinuo y desigual” (López, 2016, p.28).
Seguridad, control, gestión, son los aspectos más importantes sobre los cuales se perciben diferencias de estos espacios habitacionales en relación a la experiencia en la ciudad abierta, y por tanto se han convertido – tanto en su expresión físico-espacial, como en la social – en objeto de una evaluación diferencial, que deviene en una diferenciación de la experiencia urbana-habitacional.
Differential Involvement of Working Memory Capacity and Fluid Intelligence in Verbal Associative Learning as a Possible Function of Strategy Use
Authors: Martinez David , O’Rourke Polly 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paired-associate paradigm has a long history of use in basic and applied research on human memory and learning. A number of studies have shown that people differ in the strategies they use to encode information in paired-associate tasks and, importantly, that strategies differ in their effectiveness. What is not so well documented is how different strategies may affect the cognitive processes assessed by paired-associate tasks. In this study, we submitted archival data to distributional and latent class analyses to infer strategy use and classify participants as elaborators or nonelaborators. We then used regression analyses within subgroups to identify differences in dependence on fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. To the extent that our classification was accurate, the results suggest that paired-associate learning is more reliant on fluid intelligence when elaborative rehearsal is used and more reliant on working memory capacity when nonelaborative strategies are used. To offer further evidence of the validity of our approach, we also investigated correlations between strategy use and fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. In accord with prior research, we found that cognitive abilities were positively correlated with what we infer to be differences in strategy use. That the cognitive processes assessed by verbal paired-associate tasks may vary as a function of strategy use should be a concern for all researchers and practitioners who use such tasks.
Pupil Dilation as an Index of Verbal Fluency
Authors: Haj Mohamad El , Lenoble Quentin , Allain Philippe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Verbal fluency tasks are widely used as a neuropsychological test of language production. We assessed pupil dilation during a verbal fluency task and during a control task. On the verbal fluency task, we asked 45 healthy participants (mean age = 23.55 years) to generate as many words as possible beginning with the letter “P,” whereas on the control task we asked them to count aloud. In both tasks we recorded pupil dilation with eye-tracking glasses. Results demonstrated that, compared with counting, verbal fluency resulted in a larger pupil dilation. The larger pupil dilation observed during verbal fluency compared with counting can be attributed to the cognitive load of verbal fluency, which involves both linguistic processing and executive function. By highlighting how verbal fluency can increase pupil dilation, our findings pave the way for the physiological assessment of verbal processing in healthy and pathological populations.
Elementary Students’ Music Compositions with Notation-Based Software and Handwritten Notation Assisted by Classroom Instruments
Authors: Kang Sangmi , Yoo Hyesoo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of notation-based software on music composition by comparing student compositions, preferences, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of composing music with and without the aid of notation-based software. The study included 37 upper-grade elementary students who composed eight measures of melody with notation-based software (MuseScore2) and handwritten notation assisted by classroom instruments (glockenspiel) during 12-week music composition lessons. Student preferences and their comments for each compositional mode were also collected. Afterward, the compositions were judged by five music teachers using Amabile’s consensual assessment technique with criteria of creativity, aesthetic appeal, and craftsmanship. Results indicated that notation-based software for music composition scored higher in creativity, while compositions on the hand-written notation assisted by glockenspiels scored higher in craftsmanship. Of the participants, 76% preferred composing music with the aid of notation-based software because of the playback function and perceived ease. Compositions using notation-based software demonstrated higher scores in creativity than handwritten compositions. However, handwritten compositions scored higher in craftsmanship. Comments by students after composition suggested that handwritten approaches allowed them to use composition strategies learned during prior teaching sessions, although they showed a lower preference for it.
The Characteristics and Career Influences of Male Elementary General Music Teachers
Authors: Bulgren Christopher W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of male elementary general music teachers and investigate career factors from social cognitive career theory. Items included influential others (teachers, friends, and family), performance accomplishments (career-related activities in coursework, student teaching, general music positions, and professional development), and social persuasions (social factors related to teacher preparation programs, colleagues, and school setting). Responses to an online questionnaire from 140 male elementary general music teachers were analyzed with three types of statistical analyses: frequencies, independent samples t-tests, and simple linear regression. Results include demographic data and findings related to the interaction of prior experiences, career preparation, and in-service experiences. Other results indicate a wide variety of primary instruments, career trajectories, and original career intentions. Respondents identified those who influenced them, their success in coursework, and their social interactions. Suggestions for the profession include a required elementary general methods course for all preservice music teachers and a portion of student teaching in an elementary general music setting. Respondents developed teacher identities that allowed them to navigate issues related to elementary general music such as career expectations and working in a feminized profession.
“It’s More Than Playing Music”: Exploring Band in a Predominantly Latinx Community
Authors: Gerrard Crystal Lynn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Drawing from Irizarry and Raible’s (2011) barrio-based epistemologies and ontologies as a theoretical framework, I examined a middle school band program with a high enrollment of Latinx students to explore the compatibility of the traditional concert band model with this population of youth. Additionally, I assessed how asset-based principles functioned in this environment. Data collection in this case study included semistructured interviews, field observations, and material culture. A total of 19 participants engaged in interviews comprising band directors, band students, band parents, teachers, and administrators. Findings indicated that some aspects of this traditional band program corresponded with asset-based practices, specifically the band directors’ cultivation of community among students and stakeholders, and their cognizance of the sociopolitical context of which the students were a part. Importantly, band directors and other school personnel were keenly aware of stressors students and families experienced, which included cultural barriers and issues pertaining to undocumented citizenship status. Band, however, did not resonate entirely with all participants, as some students expressed a desire for creative music-making opportunities that more closely aligned with their personal interests. Implications from this study provide insights for improving music education practices in Latinx communities, such as the importance of reducing language barriers, supporting students’ cultural identities, and developing an awareness of sociopolitical issues that significantly impact the daily lives and well-being of students and their families.
Book Review: Analyzing Digital Discourse: New Insights and Future Directions
Authors: Pascual Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Analyzing Digital Discourse: New Insights and Directions, edited by Bou-Franch and Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, provides orchestrated accounts of current trends in ‘digital discourse’, which seek to understand up-to-date communicative situations occurring online and the manifold affordances at users’ disposal. At the core of the volume lies the necessity to comprehend the latest technological evolutions enacting new forms of digital interaction, which should lead to adapt traditional approaches and adopt innovative, suitable methods to identify and analyse users’ semiotic and discursive practices. Such changes and adaptations are empirically examined in a plethora of digital genres and media from several sociocultural and interpersonal contexts.
Therefore, the studies deployed in the book will be undoubtedly of interest to researchers of digital communication and of its prominent medium- and user-dependent characteristics, from several interdisciplinary perspectives including, inter alia, Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and Discourse Analysis (CMDA), ethnography, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, multimodality, social media analysis and pedagogy. Following the introductory chapter by the editors, the remaining chapters are thematically organised in sections which single out the study of digital discourse from four different vantage points: historical development, multimodality, face and identity, and ideologies triggered by language and media.
Being Actors with Learning Disabilities in a Democratic Perspective
Authors: Johansen Oddbjørn , Saur Ellen 
Published: January 2021

The Nordic welfare model is based upon the democratic value of the equal rights of all citizens to live a dignified life. In 1991, a decisive reform in Norway transferred the responsibility for people with learning disabilities from central state and county governments to the local municipality where they were born. The intention was to give them the same rights and obligations as other citizens, and the large segregated residential institutions, the asylums, were closed down. In this article we will share our experiences from working within Teater nonSTOP, a political theatre employing fifteen professional actors with learning disabilities.
The theatre is now owned by the local municipality, following a three-year trial period during which we worked as project leaders responsible for conducting research and documenting the activities at the theatre. In this article we draw on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Jacques Rancière in a discussion of the ways in which the struggle for equality affects the subjectification process of the actors at Teater nonSTOP. With reference to three different performances we ask the questions: in what way was equality an issue, and what were the artistic consequences of choosing equality as a dramaturgical point of departure?
Comment on Pescott & Jitlal 2020: Failure to account for measurement error undermines their conclusion of a weak impact of nitrogen deposition on plant species richness
Authors: Smart Simon M. , Stevens Carly J. , Tomlinson Sam J. , Maskell Lindsay C. , Henrys Peter A. 
Published: January 2021

Estimation of the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on ecosystems and biodiversity is a research imperative. Analyses of large-scale spatial gradients, where an observed response is correlated with measured or modelled deposition, have been an important source of evidence. A number of problems beset this approach. For example, if responses are spatially aggregated then treating each location as statistically independent can lead to biased confidence intervals and a greater probably of false positive results. Using methods that account for residual spatial autocorrelation, Pescott & Jitlal (2020) re-analysed two large-scale spatial gradient datasets from Britain where modelled N deposition at 5 × 5 km resolution had been previously correlated with species richness in small quadrats. They found that N deposition effects were weaker than previously demonstrated leading them to conclude that “previous estimates of Ndep impacts on richness from space-for-time substitution studies are likely to have been over-estimated”. We use a simulation study to show that their conclusion is unreliable despite them recognising that an influential fraction of the residual spatially structured variation could itself be attributable to N deposition. This arises because the covariate used was modelled N deposition at 5 × 5 km resolution leaving open the possibility that measured or modelled N deposition at finer resolutions could explain more variance in the response. Explicitly treating this as spatially auto-correlated error ignores this possibility and leads directly to their unreliable conclusion. We further demonstrate the plausibility of this scenario by showing that significant variation in N deposition at the 1 km square resolution is indeed averaged at 5 × 5 km resolution. Further analyses are required to explore whether estimation of the size of the N deposition effect on plant species richness and other measures of biodiversity is indeed dependent on the accuracy and hence measurement error of the N deposition covariate. Until then the conclusions of Pescott & Jitlal (2020) should be considered premature.
CeIV70Oxosulfate Rings, Frameworks, Supramolecular Assembly, and Redox Activity**
Authors: Colliard Ian , Nyman May 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMIVmolecular oxo‐clusters (M=Zr, Hf, Ce, Th, U, Np, Pu) are prolific in bottoms‐up material design, catalysis, and elucidating reaction pathways in nature and in synthesis. Here we introduce Ce70, a wheel‐shaped oxo‐cluster, [CeIV70(OH)36(O)64(SO4)60(H2O)10]4−. Ce70crystallizes into intricate high pore volume frameworks with divalent transition metals and Ce‐monomer linkers. Eight crystal‐structures feature four framework types in which the Ce70‐rings are linked as propellers, in offset‐stacks, in a tartan pattern, and as isolated rings. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering of Ce70dissolved in butylamine, with and without added cations (CeIV, alkaline earths, MnII), shows the metals‘ differentiating roles in ring linking, leading to supramolecular assemblies. The large acidic pores and abundant terminal sulfates provide ion‐exchange behavior, demonstrated with UIVand NdIII. Frameworks featuring CeIII/IV‐monomer linkers demonstrate both oxidation and reduction. This study opens the door to mixed‐metal, highly porous framework catalysts, and new clusters for metal‐organic framework design
Crystallization Enhancement by a High Behenic Acid Stabilizer in a Palm Oil‐Based Model Fat Blend and its Corresponding Fat‐Reduced Water‐in‐Oil Emulsion
Authors: Cordova‐Barragan Marisol , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Peyronel Fernanda , Dibildox‐Alvarado Elena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA high behenic stabilizer (HBS) at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% w/w was added to the oil phase of a fat‐reduced water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion intended for margarine manufacture. The crystallization kinetics, thermal behavior, and microstructure of an oil phase and its 35/65 w/w fat‐reduced W/O emulsion were studied. The oil phase was composed of a palm oil‐based model fat blend, three emulsifiers, and the HBS. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that, when 0.9% of stabilizer was added, the crystallization started 2.5 °C higher than when no HBS was added, hence reducing the time needed for crystallization. Polarized light microscopy results showed that the cocrystallization of the high‐melting triacylglycerols of the oil phase with the HBS significantly decreased the fat crystal size and increased the number of crystals. The solid fat content also was increased by 2.4%. Interfacial tension experiments corroborated that HBS was located in the oil phase and not at the emulsion interface. This work shows that margarine can be successfully manufactured by adding 0.9% HBS to a 35/65 w/w fat‐reduced W/O emulsion without losing functionality, as shown by the presence of the β′ polymorph. This work also suggests that 15% fat could be removed from the system without changing functionality by merely adding up to 0.9% of HBS.
Design of Trehalose‐Based Amide/Sulfonamide C‐type Lectin Receptor Signaling Compounds
Authors: Rasheed Omer K. , Buhl Cassandra , Evans Jay T. , Ryter Kendal T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMincle agonists have been shown to induce inflammatory cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) and promote the development of a Th1/Th17 immune response that might be crucial to development of effective vaccination against pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As an expansion of our previous work, a library of 6,6′‐amide and sulfonamide α,α‐d‐trehalose compounds with various substituents on the aromatic ring was synthesized efficiently in good to excellent yields. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to activate the human C‐type lectin receptor Mincle by the induction of cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these novel trehalose diamides and sulfonamides revealed that aryl amide‐linked trehalose compounds demonstrated improved activity and relatively high potency cytokine production compared to the Mincle ligand trehalose dibehenate adjuvant (TDB) and the natural ligand trehalose dimycolate (TDM) inducing dose‐dependent and human‐Mincle‐specific stimulation in a HEK reporter cell line.
Design of nine step switched capacitor multilevel inverter and its cascaded extension
Authors: Velliangiri Suresh , Ramasamy Senthilkumar , Ponnusamy Prem , M Jagabar Sathik 
Published: January 2021

SummaryConventionally, multilevel inverter topologies require components like boost converter, voltage balancing circuits in addition to its switches and gate driver circuitry resulting in increased complexity. A new multilevel inverter topology using the concept of switched‐capacitor (SC) is proposed in this article. The basic structure capable of generating 9 level (9L) output voltage waveform with magnitude twice the input voltage at its terminals is proposed. Further, two identical structures are cascaded horizontally to attain 17 level (17L) based on structural modification is suggested. Simulation results are used to analyze the performance of the proposed 9L‐SCMLI and 17L‐SCMLI in the aspects of total harmonic distortion, R, RL, and dynamic loading conditions. The 9L‐SCMLI prototype model is developed to validate the adaptability of the proposed system.
Successful identification of predictive profiles for infection utilising systems‐level immune analysis: a pilot study in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Doerflinger Marcel , Garnham Alexandra L , Freytag Saskia , Harrison Simon J , Prince H Miles , Quach Hang , Slavin Monica A , Pellegrini Marc , Teh Benjamin W 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) are at increased risk for infection. Clinical assessment of infection risk is increasingly challenging in the era of immune‐based therapy. A pilot systems‐level immune analysis study to identify predictive markers for infection was conducted.MethodsPatients with relapsed and/or refractory MM (RRMM) who participated in a treatment trial of lenalidomide and dexamethasone were evaluated. Data on patient demographics, disease and episodes of infection were extracted from clinical records. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at defined intervals were analysed, with or without mitogen re‐stimulation, using RNA sequencing and mass cytometry (CyTOF). CyTOF‐derived cell subsets and RNAseq gene expression profiles were compared between patients that did and did not develop infection to identify immune signatures that predict infection over a 3‐month period.ResultsTwenty‐three patients participated in the original treatment trial, and we were able to access samples from 17 RRMM patients for further evaluation in our study. Nearly half the patients developed an infection (8/17) within 3 months of sample collection. Infections were mostly clinically diagnosed (62.5%), and the majority involved the respiratory tract (87.5%). We did not detect phenotypic or numerical differences in immune cell populations between patients that did and did not develop infections. Transcriptional profiling of stimulated PBMCs revealed distinct Th2 immune pathway signatures in patients that developed infection.ConclusionImmune cell counts were not useful predictors of infection risk. Functional assessment of stimulated PBMCs has identified potential immune profiles that may predict future infection risk in patients with RRMM.