bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of electric loads dynamics in the gas fields of Western Siberia taking into account the life cycle of the fields
Authors: Bogachkov I M , Khamitov R N , Frayshteter V P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
All gas fields go through four periods of their life cycle with their technological scheme changes. The engineering of electricity supply system for gas fields in West Siberia was performed without taking into account the final stage of their life cycle. To extend the period of profitability of low-pressure Cenomanian gas at the final stage of the life cycle an energy-intensive technology of gas compression distribution with usage of mobile compressor units (MCU) is implemented. The implementation of this technology in the gas fields requires the construction of a new electricity supply system or the reconstruction of the entire existing one. The objective of the paper is to assess the dynamics of electric loads of gas fields, considering the entire life cycle. The average annual calculated electric load for each life cycle period for active fields in West Siberia for 2019 is determined. The coefficient of increase in electric load is calculated. The tasks are solved using the empirical method (measurement, comparison) and the experimental-theoretical method (analysis and synthesis). The analysis shows that during the life cycle of a gas field, when the well outcrop and average reservoir pressure decrease over time, the calculated electrical load increases in many times.
Comparison of control methods for inverted 2-degree of freedom pendulum mounted on the cart
Authors: Sumenkov O Y , Belyaev A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper considers and analyzes the existing methods of controlling systems with a deficit of control actions. Based on the analysis, it was decided to use linear controllers with feedback on the state vector of the system and to compare these methods - modal and linear-quadratic. For the study, a dynamic model was chosen, which is an inverted 2-degree of freedom (2DOF) pendulum mounted on a cart. By an iterative method, acceptable system of generalized coordinates that definitely describes the state of the model was selected. Kinematic relations that describe the position of the model in generalized coordinates were derived. Using the Lagrange procedure, a system of nonlinear differential equations describing the motion of a dynamic model was obtained. The procedure of model linearization about the upright equilibrium point was also carried out in order to synthesize control system. Based on the results of modeling, which was carried out by numerical integration method in the Matlab environment, conclusions were drawn on the applicability of these control methods and their effectiveness.
Path-building and localization system for mobile robotic platforms based on Raspberry Pi
Authors: Ivanov E A , Belyaev A S , Brylev O A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper demonstrates a system for detection of location of robotic platform FESTO Robotino and optimal route building. It processes data from the camera and transmits control signals to the control system of the robot. The whole system is based on Raspberry Pi. It detects robot’s current coordinates, current angular rotation, angular difference (difference between current and previous angular rotation) and displacement of the robot in its own coordinate system. It uses an ArUco marker, placed on the top of the mobile robot for that. System also builds an optimal path, when moving from one point of the surface to another, according to the permeability of the surface. The authors set the permeability of testing surfaces. Using that, a weighted graph is built through the centers of particular surfaces, which are detected via an algorithm on Raspberry Pi. The optimal path is constructed through the edges of the graph via modified Dijkstra algorithm.
Evaluation of the possibility of using multilayer nanostructured coatings to improve the output characteristics of roller screw mechanisms
Authors: Zhdanov A V , Novikova E A , Dovbysh N S , Mitrofanov A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines the effect of different coatings made of different materials on the efficiency of roller gears. Graphs of the dependences of the parameters of each coating are plotted. Tables of changes in the efficiency parameters and friction coefficients for the studied materials are given.
Results of modeling the operation of the hydraulic pump in the Matlab-Simulink application and testing on the diagnostic bench
Authors: Vlasov Yu , Meshcheriakov M , Alushkin T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article provides information on the design of the original stand for diagnostic tests of hydraulic equipment and lubrication systems of various transport and self-propelled vehicles. The scientific novelty of the work is the concept of a mobile diagnostic stand with extended testing capabilities at various drive shaft speeds. As an example of the functional capabilities of the stand, the test results of the NSh-32 pump of the fourth class of the company “Hydrosila” are presented. No publicly available data on the characteristics of the investigated hydraulic pump was found. Based on the test results, a comparative analysis and discussion of the performance of this sample with a pump of the previous class was carried out. Additionally, data on the capabilities of the measuring complex for measuring the parameters of an internal combustion engine, in which the hydraulic pump under consideration can operate, is presented.
Thermogravimetric analysis of epoxy-based carbon fiber reinforced polymers modified by carbon fillers
Authors: Burkov M V , Eremin A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry investigation of hybrid thermoset CFRPs modified by the addition of single-wall carbon nanotubes and milled carbon fibers. Specimens were tested using NETZSCH STA 409 PC/PG with the following parameters: heating from ambient temperature to 873 K with a rate of 15 K/min; Ar flow rate of 50 ml/min. The content of the carbon filler in CFRP was varied allowing to establish some regularities in thermal and physical properties.
Nomination Violence in Uganda’s National Resistance Movement
Authors: Kjær Anne Mette , Katusiimeh Mesharch W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Institutional explanations of intra-party violence rarely address political economy dynamics shaping the institutions in question, and therefore they fail to understand their emergence and their stability. Specifically, focusing on institutional factors alone does not enable a nuanced understanding of candidate nomination violence and why some constituencies are peaceful while others are violent. This article theorizes nomination violence in dominant-party systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on political settlement theory, it examines the nature of nomination violence in Uganda’s October 2015 National Resistance Movement (NRM) primaries. We argue that the violence is a constitutive part of Uganda’s political settlement under the NRM. Nomination procedures remain weak in order for the NRM ruling elite to include multiple factions that compete for access while being able to intervene in the election process when needed. This means, in turn, that violence tends to become particularly prominent in constituencies characterized by proxy wars, where competition between local candidates is reinforced by a conflict among central-level elites in the president’s inner circle. We call for the proxy war thesis to be tested in case studies of other dominant parties’ nomination processes.
Concomitant Processing of Choice and Outcome in Frontal Corticostriatal Ensembles Correlates with Performance of Rats
Authors: Handa Takashi , Harukuni Rie , Fukai Tomoki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The frontal cortex-basal ganglia network plays a pivotal role in adaptive goal-directed behaviors. Medial frontal cortex (MFC) encodes information about choices and outcomes into sequential activation of neural population, or neural trajectory. While MFC projects to the dorsal striatum (DS), whether DS also displays temporally coordinated activity remains unknown. We studied this question by simultaneously recording neural ensembles in the MFC and DS of rodents performing an outcome-based alternative choice task. We found that the two regions exhibited highly parallel evolution of neural trajectories, transforming choice information into outcome-related information. When the two trajectories were highly correlated, spike synchrony was task-dependently modulated in some MFC-DS neuron pairs. Our results suggest that neural trajectories concomitantly process decision-relevant information in MFC and DS with increased spike synchrony between these regions.
Exploring gender differences in trajectories of clinical markers and symptoms after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Denfeld Quin E , Faulkner Kenneth M , Davis Mary Roberts , Habecker Beth A , Chien Christopher V , Gelow Jill M , Mudd James O , Hiatt Shirin O , Grady Kathleen L , Lee Christopher S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Despite well-known gender differences in heart failure, it is unknown if clinical markers and symptoms differ between women and men after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Our aim was to examine gender differences in trajectories of clinical markers (echocardiographic markers and plasma biomarkers) and symptoms from pre- to post-LVAD implantation.

Methods and results
This was a secondary analysis of data collected from a study of patients from pre- to 1, 3, and 6 months post-LVAD implantation. Data were collected on left ventricular internal end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and ejection fraction (LVEF), plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity (sST2). Physical and depressive symptoms were measured using the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Latent growth curve modelling was used to compare trajectories between women and men. The average age of the sample (n = 98) was 53.3 ± 13.8 years, and most were male (80.6%) and had non-ischaemic aetiology (65.3%). Pre-implantation, women had significantly narrower LVIDd (P &lt; 0.001) and worse physical symptoms (P = 0.041) compared with men. Between pre- and 6 months post-implantation, women had an increase in plasma sST2 followed by a decrease, whereas men had an overall decrease (slope: P = 0.014; quadratic: P = 0.011). Between 1 and 6 months post-implantation, women had a significantly greater increase in LVEF (P = 0.045) but lesser decline in plasmoa NT-proBNP compared with men (P = 0.025).

Conclusion
Trajectories of clinical markers differed somewhat between women and men, but trajectories of symptoms were similar, indicating some physiologic but not symptomatic gender differences in response to LVAD.
A systematic review of reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance of Internet-based interventions to prevent eating disorders in adults
Authors: Nacke Barbara , Zeiler Michael , Kuso Stefanie , Klesges Lisa M , Jacobi Corinna , Waldherr Karin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a growing body of research and evidence for the efficacy of Internet-based eating disorder (ED) prevention interventions for adults. However, much less is known about the reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance of these interventions. The RE-AIM (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) model provides a framework to systematically assess this information.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO for articles published between 2000 and 2019. Additionally, reference lists of the studies included and existing reviews published until the end of 2020 were searched. Sixty original articles describing 54 individual studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Data were extracted for a total of 43 RE-AIM indicators for each study. Fostering and hindering factors for reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance were assessed qualitatively.

Results
Overall reporting rates were best for the RE-AIM dimensions reach (62.6%), implementation (57.0%) and effectiveness (54.2%), while adoption (24.2%) and maintenance (21.5%) had comparatively low overall reporting rates. Reporting on indicators of internal validity, such as sample size, effects or description of interventions was better than indicators relevant for dissemination and implementation in real-world settings, e.g. characteristics of non-participants, characteristics and representativeness of settings, and data to estimate cost.

Conclusions
Because most Internet-based ED prevention interventions are provided in a research-funded context, little is known about their public health impact. Better reporting of factors determining external validity is needed to inform dissemination and implementation of these interventions.
The Effects of GC-Biased Gene Conversion on Patterns of Genetic Diversity among and across Butterfly Genomes
Authors: Boman Jesper , Mugal Carina F , Backström Niclas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recombination reshuffles the alleles of a population through crossover and gene conversion. These mechanisms have considerable consequences on the evolution and maintenance of genetic diversity. Crossover, for example, can increase genetic diversity by breaking the linkage between selected and nearby neutral variants. Bias in favor of G or C alleles during gene conversion may instead promote the fixation of one allele over the other, thus decreasing diversity. Mutation bias from G or C to A and T opposes GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). Less recognized is that these two processes may—when balanced—promote genetic diversity. Here, we investigate how gBGC and mutation bias shape genetic diversity patterns in wood white butterflies (Leptidea sp.). This constitutes the first in-depth investigation of gBGC in butterflies. Using 60 resequenced genomes from six populations of three species, we find substantial variation in the strength of gBGC across lineages. When modeling the balance of gBGC and mutation bias and comparing analytical results with empirical data, we reject gBGC as the main determinant of genetic diversity in these butterfly species. As alternatives, we consider linked selection and GC content. We find evidence that high values of both reduce diversity. We also show that the joint effects of gBGC and mutation bias can give rise to a diversity pattern which resembles the signature of linked selection. Consequently, gBGC should be considered when interpreting the effects of linked selection on levels of genetic diversity.
Temporalis Muscle Thickness as an Indicator of Sarcopenia Is Associated With Long-term Motor Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chung Seok Jong , Kim Yun Joong , Yoo Han Soo , Jung Jin Ho , Baik KyoungWon , Lee Hye Sun , Lee Yang Hyun , Hong Ji-Man , Sohn Young H , Lee Phil Hyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the relationship between temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) at baseline as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia and long-term motor outcomes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsWe enrolled 249 patients with drug-naïve early-stage PD (119 males and 130 females, follow-up &gt; 3 years). Baseline TMT of each patient was measured on the axial plane of T1-weighted images. The association between baseline TMT and long-term motor outcomes in PD was assessed using Cox regression models for levodopa-induced dyskinesia, wearing-off, and freezing of gait and a linear mixed model for the longitudinal increases in levodopa-equivalent dose per body weight over time. Statistical analyses were performed separately for sex if an interaction effect between TMT and sex was assumed.ResultsTMT differed substantially between the sexes, and male PD patients had higher TMT (6.69 ± 1.39 mm) than female PD patients (5.64 ± 1.34 mm, p &lt; .001). Cox regression models demonstrated that baseline TMT was not associated with the risk of developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia, wearing-off, or freezing of gait during the follow-up period. The linear mixed model was applied separately for sex and demonstrated that higher TMT at baseline was associated with slower increases in levodopa-equivalent dose per body weight in male PD patients, but not in female PD patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that baseline TMT could be an indicator of the longitudinal requirement for dopaminergic medications in male patients with PD, suggesting that sarcopenia may have a detrimental effect on disease progression in PD in a sex-specific manner.
Threat not solution: gender, global health security and COVID-19
Authors: Harman Sophie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has led to long overdue visibility of the gendered determinants and impacts of health emergencies and global health security. This article explores why gender was neglected in previous health emergencies, what led to change in visibility of gender issues during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the implications of such change for understanding the relationship between gender and global health security. The article explores the question of neglect by drawing on original research into the 2014–16 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, its aftermath and implications for future pandemic preparedness. The article then looks in detail at the research efforts, funding, epistemic community activism and impact of COVID-19 to explain why gender received high profile political attention and acknowledgment. The article argues that the change in visibility, research and advocacy around gender equality during the COVID-19 outbreak does not demonstrate an advancement in gender equality in global health. To the contrary, such visibility reinforces the inherent problems of global health security evident in the 2014–16 Ebola outbreak that create and reproduce binaries of neglect and visibility, and hierarchies of the global health issues that matter, the people that matter and the women that matter. What unites neglect and visibility of gender in global health security is that gender is understood as solution rather than threat. Combined these factors make gender equality incompatible with global health security.
Second victim support structures in anaesthesia: a cross-sectional survey in Belgian anaesthesiologists
Authors: Nijs Kristof , Seys Deborah , Coppens Steve , Van De Velde Marc , Vanhaecht Kris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaesthesiologists are prone to patient safety situations after which second victim symptoms can occur. In international literature, a majority of these second victims indicated that they were emotionally affected in the aftermath of a patient safety incident (PSI) and received little institutional support after these events.ObjectiveTo study the current second victim support structures in anaesthesia departments in Belgium.MethodsAn observational cross-sectional survey. Belgian anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiologists in training were contacted through e-mail from May 27th until 15 July 2020.ResultsIn total, 456 participants completed the online survey. 73.7% (n = 336) of the participants encountered a PSI during the last year of their medical practice. 80.9% (n = 368) of respondents answered that they do discuss incidents with their colleagues. 18.0% (n = 82) discussed all incidents. 19.3% (n = 88) admitted that these incidents are never discussed in their department. 15.4% of participants (n = 70) experienced or thought that the culture is negative during these PSI discussions. 17.3% (n = 79) scored the culture neutral. Anaesthesiologists who encountered a PSI in the last years scored the support of their anaesthesia department a mean score of 1.59 (ranging from −10 to +10). A significant correlation (P &lt; 0.05) was found between the culture during the morbidity and mortality meetings, the support after the incidents and the perceived quality of the anaesthesia department.ConclusionOf the participating anaesthesiologist in Belgium, 80.9% discussed some PSIs and 18.0% discussed all PSIs as a normal part of their staff functioning with an experienced positive or neutral culture during these meetings in 84.6%. Psychological safety within the anaesthesiology departments is globally good; however, it could and should be optimized. This optimization process warrants further investigations in the future.
Evolution and genomic insight into methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in China
Authors: Jiang Nansong , Wyres Kelly L , Li Jun , Feßler Andrea T , Krüger Henrike , Wang Yang , Holt Kathryn E , Schwarz Stefan , Wu Congming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To reconstruct the evolutionary history and genomic epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in China.

Methods
Using WGS analysis, we described the phylogeny of 131 S. aureus ST9 isolates collected between 2002 and 2016 from 11 provinces in China, including six clinical samples from Taiwan. We also investigated the complex structure and distribution of the lsa(E)-carrying multiresistance gene cluster, and genotyped prophages in the genomes of the ST9 isolates.

Results
ST9 was subdivided into one major (n = 122) and one minor (n = 9) clade. Bayesian phylogeny predicted the divergence of ST9 isolates in pig farming in China as early as 1987, which then evolved rapidly in the following three decades. ST9 isolates shared similar multiresistance properties, which were likely acquired before the ST9 emergence in China. The accessory genome is highly conserved, and ST9 harboured similar sets of phages, but lacked certain virulence genes.

Conclusions
Host exchange and regional transmission of ST9 have occurred between pigs and humans. Pig rearing and trading might have favoured gene exchanges between ST9 isolates. Resistance genes, obtained from the environment and other isolates, were stably integrated into the chromosomal DNA. The abundance of resistance genes among ST9 is likely attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in livestock. Phages are present in the genomes of ST9 and may play a role in the rapid evolution of this ST. Although human ST9 infections are rare, ST9 isolates may constitute a potential risk to public health as a repository of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Xarifiid copepods (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea: Xarifiidae) parasitic in the coral Psammocora digitata Milne Edwards & Haime 1851 from Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yu-Rong , Lin Yu-Chi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Four species of xarifiid copepods, including three new species and one new distribution and host record, are discussed based on specimens obtained from a widely distributed scleractinian coral, Psammocora digitata Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851, collected from Taiwan: Xarifia conreptasp. nov., X. gracilissp. nov., X. lata sp. nov., and X. diminutaHumes & Ho, 1967. Xarifia conreptasp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the morphology of the endopods and exopods of legs, the genital segment, maxilliped, and maxillule; X. gracilissp. nov. is diagnosed by the morphology of the leg endopods and the region dorsal to the fifth legs; and X. latasp. nov. by its shorter body length, the terminal armature of endopods and exopods, and the morphology of the maxilliped. The specimens of X. diminuta are similar to those in the original description, except for the undeveloped endopods of legs 3 and 4. Including the three new species, five species of xarifiids are now known to use P. digitata as host, raising to 18 the number of species symbiotic copepod recorded from Psammocora.