bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital humanities in the iSchool
Authors: Walsh John A. , Cobb Peter J. , de Fremery Wayne , Golub Koraljka , Keah Humphrey , Kim Jeonghyun , Kiplang'at Joseph , Liu Ying‐Hsang , Mahony Simon , Oh Sam G. , Sula Chris Alen , Underwood Ted , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interdisciplinary field known as digital humanities (DH) is represented in various forms in the teaching and research practiced in iSchools. Building on the work of an iSchools organization committee charged with exploring digital humanities curricula, we present findings from a series of related studies exploring aspects of DH teaching, education, and research in iSchools, often in collaboration with other units and disciplines. Through a survey of iSchool programs and an online DH course registry, we investigate the various education models for DH training found in iSchools, followed by a detailed look at DH courses and curricula, explored through analysis of course syllabi and course descriptions. We take a brief look at collaborative disciplines with which iSchools cooperate on DH research projects or in offering DH education. Next, we explore DH careers through an analysis of relevant job advertisements. Finally, we offer some observations about the management and administrative challenges and opportunities related to offering a new iSchool DH program. Our results provide a snapshot of the current state of digital humanities in iSchools which may usefully inform the design and evolution of new DH programs, degrees, and related initiatives.
Enhanced thermostability of the immobilized thermoalkalophilic esterase onto magnetic‐cornstarch nanoparticle
Authors: Öz Yasin , Sürmeli Yusuf , Şanlı‐Mohamed Gülşah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe immobilization of the biocatalysts onto magnetic nanoparticles has been extensively applied as the external magnetic field facilitates the enzyme recovery from the reaction mixture. In the present study, glutaraldehyde‐modified magnetite‐cornstarch nanoparticles (MCNs) were successfully synthesized, elaborately characterized by ZetaSizer and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and used for the immobilization of a thermoalkalophilic esterase from Geobacillus sp. The optimal immobilization conditions were obtained at 65°C, 2:3 molar ratios of Fe2+:Fe3+, and 1 g cornstarch resulted in approximately 90 nm magnetic particles in size. Also, immobilization yield and immobilization efficiency of the esterase were found as 74% and 82%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that MCNs were uniform, spherical in shape, and well dispersed and esterase immobilized MCNs displayed similar morphology as free MCNs. The maximum activity of free and immobilized esterase was obtained at 65°C and pH 9. Immobilization onto glutaraldehyde‐modified MCNs significantly enhanced the esterase thermostability. Additionally, the immobilized esterase kept its residual activity of 75% after three sequential cycles, suggesting that it has favorable operational stability.
The effect of action observation on aesthetic preference of Chinese calligraphy: An fMRI study
Authors: He Mingcheng , Zhang Wei , Deng Jiamin , He Xianyou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is some evidence suggesting that movement perception has an effect on aesthetic experience. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the observation of creators’ creative action (the process that calligraphers create calligraphy) remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, participants were scanned with fMRI while performing aesthetic judgments on Chinese calligraphy images with/without action observation.ResultsBehavioral results showed that both the work by the expert and novice with action observation were rated significantly higher on aesthetic preference than those without action observation. Imaging results showed that brain regions associated with perceptual, cognitive, and emotional processing were commonly activated by calligraphy images with/without action observation. However, compared with no action observation, aesthetic judgments of calligraphy images with action observation elicited stronger activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and the bilateral insula. Meanwhile, the superior parietal lobe which is associated with relevant inner action imitation, was also activated when observing the creator's action.ConclusionsBrain activation in the superior parietal lobe, anterior cingulate cortex, and the bilateral insula indicated that observing the creative action of the creators contributed to the aesthetic experience of the observer.
A pipelining strategy for accelerating convolution neural networks on ARM CPUs
Authors: Zhou Xin , Dou Yong , Li Rongchun , Zhang Peng , Liu Yuntao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConvolution is a primary operation in convolution neural networks. The speed of inference is mainly decided by the speed of the convolutional layer. Improving the performance of embedded processors makes it possible to process the inference on embedded devices. In this article, a pipelining strategy of single instruction and multiple data (SIMD) instructions is proposed to finely optimize the process of the 3 × 3 convolution on ARM‐based CPUs. We implement the SIMD group to improve the efficiency of the SIMD pipeline. A tiling method is exploited to increase data reuse during the process. An evaluation model is proposed to guide the design of the tiling method and register allocation. The speed of our implementation is 5.18 times of the GNU compiler collection compiled unoptimized version on RK3288. The effect of our optimizing method is measured by a performance profiling tool, the performance information suggests that the pipelining strategy has a significant effect for both normal and depthwise separable convolution. By implementing multithread processing, the speedup achieves 18.3 compared with the single thread unoptimized version.
Energy aware cloud‐edge service placement approaches in the Internet of Things communications
Authors: Heng Liang , Yin Guofu , Zhao Xiufen 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn recent years, applying Internet of Things (IoT) applications has significantly increased to facilitate and improve quality of human life activities in various fields such as healthcare, education, industry, economics, etc. The energy aware cloud‐edge computing paradigm has developed as a hybrid computing solution to provide IoT applications using available cloud service providers and fog nodes for the smart devices and mobile applications. Since the IoT applications are developed in the form of several IoT services with various quality of service (QoS) metrics which can deploy on the cloud‐edge providers with different resource capabilities, finding an efficient placement solution as one of challenging topics to be measured for IoT applications. The service placement issue arranges IoT applications on the cloud‐edge providers with various capabilities of atomic services though sufficient different QoS factors to support service level agreement (SLA) contracts. This paper presents a technical analysis on the cloud‐edge service placement approaches in IoT systems. The key point of this technical analysis is to identify substantial studies in the service placement approaches which need additional consideration to progress more efficient and effective placement strategies in IoT environments. In addition, a side‐by‐side taxonomy is proposed to categorize the relevant studies on cloud‐edge service placement approaches and algorithms. A statistical and technical analysis of reviewed existing approaches is provided, and evaluation factors and attributes are discussed. Finally, open issues and forthcoming challenges of service placement approaches are presented.
Social environment and genetics underlie body site‐specific microbiomes of Yellowstone National Park gray wolves (Canis lupus)
Authors: DeCandia Alexandra L. , Cassidy Kira A. , Stahler Daniel R. , Stahler Erin A. , vonHoldt Bridgett M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe host‐associated microbiome is an important player in the ecology and evolution of species. Despite growing interest in the medical, veterinary, and conservation communities, there remain numerous questions about the primary factors underlying microbiota, particularly in wildlife. We bridged this knowledge gap by leveraging microbial, genetic, and observational data collected in a wild, pedigreed population of gray wolves (Canis lupus) inhabiting Yellowstone National Park. We characterized body site‐specific microbes across six haired and mucosal body sites (and two fecal samples) using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. At the phylum level, we found that the microbiome of gray wolves primarily consists of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria, consistent with previous studies within Mammalia and Canidae. At the genus level, we documented body site‐specific microbiota with functions relevant to microenvironment and local physiological processes. We additionally employed observational and RAD sequencing data to examine genetic, demographic, and environmental correlates of skin and gut microbiota. We surveyed individuals across several levels of pedigree relationships, generations, and social groups, and found that social environment (i.e., pack) and genetic relatedness were two primary factors associated with microbial community composition to differing degrees between body sites. We additionally reported body condition and coat color as secondary factors underlying gut and skin microbiomes, respectively. We concluded that gray wolf microbiota resemble similar host species, differ between body sites, and are shaped by numerous endogenous and exogenous factors. These results provide baseline information for this long‐term study population and yield important insights into the evolutionary history, ecology, and conservation of wild wolves and their associated microbes.
Security of attachment and trust beliefs in close others during middle childhood
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , Wicks Charlotte , Bathew Richelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study examined the relation between the security of attachment and trust beliefs in close others during middle childhood. In the study, 133 children (63 girls, Mage = 9.5 years) completed standardized measures of the security of attachment and three bases of trust beliefs in close others (reliability, honesty, and emotional). Correlational analyses showed that children's security of attachment was associated with emotional trust beliefs in close others only. A structural equation modelling analysis yielded a path between security of attachment and emotional trust beliefs in parents as a latent factor. In addition, there was a path between the latent factor and emotional trust beliefs in peers. Alternative models did not adequately fit the data. The findings were ascribed to the role of parent's emotional trustworthiness and children's mental state discourse in promoting the relation between children's security of attachment and their emotional trust beliefs in close others.
White‐Tailed Deer, Weather and Predation: a New Understanding of Winter Severity for Predicting Deer Mortality
Authors: Norton Andrew S. , Storm Daniel J. , Van Deelen Timothy R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTVariation in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortality during winter affects population growth in cold climates. Across the northern extent of their range, mortality increases with colder temperatures and snow. Few studies have examined the relationships between winter conditions and deer mortality, and no studies have concurrently studied this relationship for different ages of deer across multiple years and landscapes. We used recently developed cause‐specific mortality models to evaluate temporal and age‐class variation in deer mortality in farmland areas and compared to published results from forest areas in Wisconsin, USA, from 2011–2014. We then used temporally varying snow and temperature covariates to predict mortality trends using telemetry information from 860 deer. Cause‐specific mortality in the farmland varied by age and year, similar to results from previous research in the forest. Human‐related mortality was the leading cause of mortality in the farmland during most years and ranged from 4.3% to 10.3% for juveniles and 3.6% to 9.1% for adults from 2011–2014. Very little predation occurred in the farmland, and this differed from previous research in the forest where predation was the leading cause of mortality. During more severe winters (2013 and 2014), other mortality, usually associated with starvation, was the leading cause of mortality for juveniles in the farmland but not adults. In the forest, we found support for saturating effects of accumulated snow depth days >30.5 cm and accumulated temperature days >0°C on mortality. We also found support for the relationship of mortality with accumulated temperature days >0°C in the farmland but no relationship with snow depth. Deer tolerate sustained cold temperatures, but the timing of winter to spring transition is more important for deer survival in both forested and agricultural areas. In the absence of empirical survival information, managers can use our model to predict annual winter effects on deer survival, which can provide improved inference compared to traditional winter severity indices. Our results suggest changes in predator abundance may have minor influence on overwinter survival compared to winter weather. Based on mortality estimates from previous research, the highest predation rates on juvenile deer in the forest occurred when wolf (Canis lupus) counts were lowest and when wolf abundance was highest, juvenile deer predation rates were lowest. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Mallard–Black Duck Hybridization and Population Genetic Structure in North Carolina
Authors: Lawson Daniel M. , Williams Christopher K. , Lavretsky Philip , Howell Douglas L. , Fuller Joseph C. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTNorth Carolina, USA, represents the southern extent of the American black duck's (Anas rubripes) breeding range. Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) are present on the breeding grounds of the American black duck and hybridization is observed between these species; therefore, we assessed the genetic integrity, hybridization rates, and population structure of this local breeding population. We extracted genomic and mitochondrial DNA from chorioallantoic membranes and contour feathers from monitored black duck nests. We then prepared the extracted DNA for analysis using high‐throughput DNA sequencing methods (ddRAD‐seq). First, we assessed nuclear and mitochondrial population structure, genetic diversity, and differentiation across samples from North Carolina, and compared them against 199 genetically vetted mallards, black ducks, and mallard × black duck hybrids that served as genetic references. Next, we tested for parentage and sibling relationship and overall relatedness of black ducks in North Carolina. We recovered strong population structure and high co‐ancestry across genetic markers due to interrelatedness among sampled nests in North Carolina and concluded that black ducks have been locally breeding in this area for a prolonged period of time. Despite a high level of interrelatedness among our samples, nucleotide diversity was similar to the reference continental black duck population, suggesting little effect of genetic drift, including inbreeding. Additionally, we conclude that molecular diversity of black ducks in North Carolina is maintained at reference population levels through the influx of genetic material from unrelated, migrating male black ducks. Finally, we report a hybridization level of 47.5%, covering 3 filial generations. Of identified hybrids, 54.7% and 53% were the direct result of interbreeding between black ducks and captive‐reared or wild mallards, respectively. We conclude that because of high rates of interspecific hybridization and successive backcrossing events, introgression from wild and feral mallards is occurring into this population of breeding black ducks and requires careful consideration in future management efforts. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Covalent SO Bonding Enables Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Cu2S/Fe2O3 Heterojunction for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Yuan , Zhu Shi‐Shi , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Xing , Wang Jian‐Jun , Braun Artur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe severe charge recombination and the sluggish kinetic for oxygen evolution reaction have largely limited the application of hematite (α‐Fe2O3) for water splitting. Herein, the construction of Cu2S/Fe2O3 heterojunction and discover that the formation of covalent SO bonds between Cu2S and Fe2O3 can significantly improve the photoelectrochemical performance and stability for water splitting is reported. Compared with bare Fe2O3, the heterostructure of Cu2S/Fe2O3 endows the resulting electrode with enhanced charge separation and transfer, extended range for light absorption, and reduced charge recombination rate. Additionally, due to the photothermal properties of Cu2S, the heterostructure exhibits locally a higher temperature under illumination, profitable for increasing the rate of oxygen evolution reaction. Consequently, the photocurrent density of the heterostructure is enhanced by 177% to be 1.19 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. This work may provide guideline for future in the design and fabrication of highly efficient photoelectrodes for various reactions.
Higgs flavor phenomenology in a supersymmetric left-right model with parity
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Kawamura Junichiro , Omura Yuji , Shigekami Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the supersymmetric model with left-right (LR) symmetry, that is especially proposed in our previous work [1]. In this model, there are four Higgs doublets in order to realize the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The heavy Higgs doublets unavoidably have flavor changing couplings to the SM fermions and induce flavor-changing neutral currents at tree level. We study broader parameter space than the previous work with including the renormalization group corrections to the Yukawa couplings between the LR breaking scale, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1013) GeV, and the supersymmetry breaking scales, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) TeV. The CP violating observable in K–$$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

mixing, ϵK, strongly constrains the model, so that heavy Higgs mass should be heavier than $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) TeV. We study the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes setting heavy Higgs masses to be 170 TeV. The branching ratios of μ → 3e and the μ–e conversion can be larger than 10−16 that could be covered by the future experiments. We also study the degree of fine-tuning in the parameter region that predicts testable LFV processes.
Where we Come from and where to Go: Six Decades of Botanical Studies in the Mediterranean Wetlands, with Sardinia (Italy) as a Case Study
Authors: Cuena-Lombraña Alba , Fois Mauro , Cogoni Annalena , Bacchetta Gianluigi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlants are key elements of wetlands due to their evolutionary strategies for coping with life in a water-saturated environment, providing the basis for supporting nearly all wetland biota and habitat structure for other taxonomic groups. Sardinia, the second largest island of the Mediterranean Basin, hosts a great variety of wetlands, of which 16 are included in eight Ramsar sites. The 119 hydro- and hygrophilous vascular plant taxa from Sardinia represent the 42.6% and 37.9% of the number estimated for Italy and Europe, respectively. Moreover, around 30% of Sardinia’s bryological flora, which is made up of 498 taxa, is present in temporary ponds. An overview at regional scale considering algae is not available, to our knowledge, even though several specific studies have contributed to their knowledge. In order to find the most investigated research themes and wetland types, identify knowledge gaps and suggest recommendations for further research, we present a first attempt to outline the work that has been hitherto done on plants in lentic habitats in Sardinia. Three plant groups (algae, bryophytes and vascular plants), and five research themes (conservation, ecology, inventory, palaeobotany and taxonomy) were considered. After a literature review, we retained 202 papers published from 1960 to 2019. We found that studies on vascular plants, as plant group, were disproportionately more numerous, and inventories and ecology were the most investigated research themes. Although efforts have recently been made to fill these long-lasting gaps, there is a need for updating the existing information through innovative methods and integrative approaches.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Laplacian Twin Support Vector Machine for Semi-supervised Classification
Authors: Zhou Jia-Bin , Bai Yan-Qin , Guo Yan-Ru , Lin Hai-Xiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn general, data contain noises which come from faulty instruments, flawed measurements or faulty communication. Learning with data in the context of classification or regression is inevitably affected by noises in the data. In order to remove or greatly reduce the impact of noises, we introduce the ideas of fuzzy membership functions and the Laplacian twin support vector machine (Lap-TSVM). A formulation of the linear intuitionistic fuzzy Laplacian twin support vector machine (IFLap-TSVM) is presented. Moreover, we extend the linear IFLap-TSVM to the nonlinear case by kernel function. The proposed IFLap-TSVM resolves the negative impact of noises and outliers by using fuzzy membership functions and is a more accurate reasonable classifier by using the geometric distribution information of labeled data and unlabeled data based on manifold regularization. Experiments with constructed artificial datasets, several UCI benchmark datasets and MNIST dataset show that the IFLap-TSVM has better classification accuracy than other state-of-the-art twin support vector machine (TSVM), intuitionistic fuzzy twin support vector machine (IFTSVM) and Lap-TSVM.
Resist or Adapt? A Narrative Analysis of Endeavors for Belonging Among Young Adults with Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Problems
Authors: Semb Randi , Sælør Knut Tore , Borg Marit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article explores how young adults with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems experience and describe their own and others’ contributions to their sense of community belonging. This article is part of a larger qualitative interview study of young adults. The data for this report were the individual interviews with two study participants. These participants were chosen because they offered in-depth understandings relating to various aspects of community belonging. A thematic narrative analysis of the interview data was carried out. Central to this model of analysis is to transform unstructured qualitative interview data into a unified narrative for each participant, structured around a thematic plot. The analysis revealed two plots: ‘Having to go against yourself to be an insider', and ‘You have to realize that you have problems and try to do something about them'. We interpreted the first narrative as an expression of marginalized people feeling they deserve recognition from society, while the second narrative reflected the idea that each person has a personal responsibility for being valued. We conclude that the narratives expressed the importance of helping young adults to place their lived experiences in a larger social context.