bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The linguistic dimensions of concrete and abstract concepts: lexical category, morphological structure, countability, and etymology
Authors: Strik Lievers Francesca , Bolognesi Marianna , Winter Bodo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe distinction between abstract and concrete concepts is fundamental to cognitive linguistics and cognitive science. This distinction is commonly operationalized through concreteness ratings based on the aggregated judgments of many people. What is often overlooked in experimental studies using this operationalization is that ratings are attributed towords, not to concepts directly. In this paper we explore the relationship between the linguistic properties of English words and conceptual abstractness/concreteness. Based on hypotheses stated in the existing linguistic literature we select a set of variables (part of speech, morphological structure, countability, etymology) and verify whether they are statistically associated with concreteness ratings. We show that English nouns are rated as more concrete compared to other parts of speech, but mass nouns are rated as less concrete than count nouns. Furthermore, a more complex morphological structure is associated with abstractness, and as for etymology, French- and Latin-derived words are more abstract than words of other origin. This shows that linguistic properties of words are indeed associated with the degree of concreteness that we attribute to the underlying concepts, and we discuss the implications that these findings have for linguistic theory and for empirical investigations in the cognitive sciences.
Synthesis and mechanical characterization of Si3N4 reinforced copper-tin matrix composites
Authors: Hanumantharayappa Anjan Kumar B. , Prasanna Chaithra , Ragavendra Chethana C. , Beekam Chandrasekhar Singh , Boluvar Latha Shankar , Nagaral Madeva , Rangappa Suresh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present research reports improvement in mechanical performance of Copper-Tin(Cu-Sn) composites due to the addition of hard Si3N4 particles as reinforcement. Two-step stir casting technique was adopted to prepare Si3N4-reinforced Cu-Sn based composites. The uniform distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix was ensured by SEM morphology and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrum of the developed composites. Brinell hardness test and tension test were used to estimate the hardness and tensile strength of the composite. Si3N4 reinforcing materials added to the extent of 7.5% by wt. to Cu-Sn matrix enhanced hardness by 41% and UTS by 33%, YS by 29% and showed 23% decrement in ductility. Thus a comparison of Si3N4-reinforced Cu-Sn based composites with base metal has shown that considerable improvement in tensile properties such as UTS and YS and hardness if reinforcing material is added to the extent of 7.5%.
Double hydrothermal synthesis of iron oxide/silver oxide nanocomposites with antibacterial activity**
Authors: Rahmah Muntadher I. , Saadoon Noor M. , Mohasen Afrah J. , Kamel Reham I. , Fayad Tabark A. , Ibrahim Noor M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, iron oxide "gamma phase" (γ-Fe2O3)-silver oxide (Ag2O) nanocomposite is prepared by a double hydrothermal method combined with Punicaceae plant extract as reducing agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the presence of γ-Fe2O3 and Ag2O and delafossite silver ferrite (AgFeO2) phases. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEMEDS) results revealed nanoparticles (NPs) with a shape like a cauliflower plant. Furthermore, the anti-bacterial activity results presented high inhibition rates against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The present study exhibits a new approach to the preparation of metal oxides using a facile and inexpensive method.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(pyridin-1-ium) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2
S,S) platinum(II), C26H18N6PtS4
Authors: Yan Wei-Hong , Zeng Xian-Cai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
C26H18N6PtS4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.2661(5) Å, b = 9.1519(6) Å, c = 9.4673(6) Å, α = 70.473(1)°, β = 80.770(1)°, γ = 83.340(1)°, V = 664.77(7) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0477, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1168, T = 296(2) K.
Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil and sediments of Iran: a systematic review study
Authors: Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak , Jaafarzadeh Neamatollah , Rezvani Ghalhari Mohammad , Hesami Arani Mohsen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants containing several hydrocarbon rings affecting human health according to the published monitoring data. Most of these compounds can be absorbed by the soil and sediments due to the abundance of production resources of these compounds in the soil around the cities and sediments of the Iranian coast. Cancer risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most effective methods for quantifying the potentially harmful effects of PAHs on human health. In this study, the published papers that monitored PAHs in Iran’s soil and sediments were reviewed. The extraction of different data and their equivalent factors were performed according to BaP equivalent, which is the main factor for calculating CRA of PAHs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the sediments of Assaluyeh industrial zones (14,844 μg/kg), Khormousi region (1874.7 μg/kg), and Shadegan wetland (1749.5 μg/kg), respectively. Dermal exposure to sediments was 96% in adults, and 4% in children, and ingestion exposure to sediment was 99% in adults and 99.2% in children. Children dermal exposure to soil was 53%, and the accidental exposure to soil was 47%. In adults, dermal exposure to soil was 96% and the accidental exposure was 4%. The results of the present study indicated a significant, the carcinogenic risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of southern regions and soils of central regions of Iran is significant.
Concordance between clinician- and 2016 criteria-based diagnoses of fibromyalgia
Authors: Mengshoel Anne Marit , Brandsar Nina Linnea , Natvig Bård , Fors Egil A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Fibromyalgia Survey Diagnostic Criteria-2016 (FSD-2016 criteria) were recently recommended for both clinical and research purposes. The present study aims to examine whether there is concordance between clinician-based and FSD-2016 criteria-based diagnoses of FM, and secondly, to examine how the illness severity and physical function relate to the criteria-based diagnosis among patients referred to a rheumatism hospital.

Methods
Participants with a clinician-based diagnosis of FM were included consecutively when referred to a patient education programme for patients with FM. Illness severity was assessed with the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ). Based on the FSQ, the fulfilment of the FSD-2016 criteria was evaluated. Physical function was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) function scale and self-reported employment status.

Results
The sample included 130 patients (84% women) from 20 to 66 years of age. Eighty-nine per cent met the FSD-2016 criteria, and 44% of the patients were fully or partially employed. Great variability in illness severity was seen irrespective of employment status. There was an association between illness severity and physical function (r=0.4, p<0.001). For 95% of the patients, the FSQ illness severity scores classify as severe or very severe, and even for those not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria the scores were moderate and severe.

Conclusions
There was relatively high agreement between clinician- and criteria-based diagnoses. The illness severity overlapped irrespective of different employment status and fulfilment of FSD-2016 criteria.
Subthalamic–Cortical Network Reorganization during Parkinson's Tremor
Authors: Lauro Peter M. , Lee Shane , Akbar Umer , Asaad Wael F. 
Published: October 2021

Tremor, a common and often primary symptom of Parkinson's disease, has been modeled with distinct onset and maintenance dynamics. To identify the neurophysiologic correlates of each state, we acquired intraoperative cortical and subthalamic nucleus recordings from 10 patients (9 male, 1 female) performing a naturalistic visual–motor task. From this task, we isolated short epochs of tremor onset and sustained tremor. Comparing these epochs, we found that the subthalamic nucleus was central to tremor onset, as it drove both motor cortical activity and tremor output. Once tremor became sustained, control of tremor shifted to cortex. At the same time, changes in directed functional connectivity across sensorimotor cortex further distinguished the sustained tremor state.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTremor is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). While tremor pathophysiology is thought to involve both basal ganglia and cerebello–thalamic–cortical circuits, it is unknown how these structures functionally interact to produce tremor. In this article, we analyzed intracranial recordings from the subthalamic nucleus and sensorimotor cortex in patients with PD undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Using an intraoperative task, we examined tremor in two separate dynamic contexts: when tremor first emerged, and when tremor was sustained. We believe that these findings reconcile several models of Parkinson's tremor, while describing the short-timescale dynamics of subcortical–cortical interactions during tremor for the first time. These findings may describe a framework for developing proactive and responsive neurostimulation models for specifically treating tremor.
Social Functioning in Adults Born Very Preterm: Individual Participant Meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Yanyan , Mendonça Marina , Baumann Nicole , Eves Robert , Kajantie Eero , Hovi Petteri , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Indredavik Marit S. , Evensen Kari-Anne I. , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Wolke Dieter 
Published: October 2021

CONTEXT
There is a lack of research on individual perceptions of social experiences and social relationships among very preterm (VP) adults compared with term-born peers.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate self-perceived social functioning in adults born VP (&lt;32 weeks’ gestation) and/or with very low birth weight (VLBW) (&lt;1500g) compared with term-born adults (≥37 weeks’ gestation) using an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES
Two international consortia: Research on European Children and Adults born Preterm and Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration.

STUDY SELECTION
Cohorts with outcomes assessed by using the Adult Self-Report Adaptive Functioning scales (friends, spouse/partner, family, job, and education) in both groups.

DATA EXTRACTION
IPD from 5 eligible cohorts were collected. Raw-sum scores for each scale were standardized as z scores by using mean and SD of controls for each cohort. Pooled effect size was measured by difference (Δ) in means between groups.

RESULTS
One-stage analyses (1285 participants) revealed significantly lower scores for relationships with friends in VP/VLBW adults compared with controls (Δ −0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.61 to −0.13). Differences were similar after adjusting for sex, age, and socioeconomic status (Δ −0.39, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.15) and after excluding participants with neurosensory impairment (Δ −0.34, 95% CI: −0.61 to −0.07). No significant differences were found in other domains.

LIMITATIONS
Generalizability of research findings to VP survivors born in recent decades.

CONCLUSIONS
VP/VLBW adults scored their relationship with friends lower but perceived their family and partner relationships, as well as work and educational experiences, as comparable to those of controls.
Local taxonomic spectra in plants, animals, fungi and terrestrial protists show common mathematical patterns
Authors: Leontyev D. V. , Yatsiuk I. I. , Markina T. Y. , Kharchenko L. P. , Tverdokhleb Е. V. , Fedyay I. O. , Yatsiuk Y. A. 
Published: October 2021

Taxonomic spectra, i.e. relations between supraspecific taxa by the number of included species, remain poorly understood in aspect of the mathematical properties. We studied taxonomic spectra of plants (Magnoliophyta, Bryophyta), animals (Coleoptera, Aves), fungi (Agaricomycetes) and terrestrial protists (Myxomycetes), found in the Homilsha Forests National Nature Park (North-East of Ukraine), and concluded that they correspond to the hollow-curve distribution at the level of genera, families and orders. The spectra of most taxa, as shown by the Akaike information criterion, are closely approximated by the log-series distribution model at all taxonomic levels. This type of distribution is typical for the species abundance curves, based on collections made from small areas. At the same time, in the genera–families–orders row the similarity to the lognormal distribution increases. The central values and variability vary considerably between different taxonomic groups and ranks, however, without affecting the type of distribution. The number of orders in all taxa except Bryophyta has reached the saturation and coincides with the curve of the estimated number of orders according to the Chao1 coefficient. For families and especially genera the correspondence with estimated number of species is much lower. Our results do not confirm the assumption that hollow-curve distributions of taxonomic spectra result from the artificial fragmentation of taxa. These distributions neither depend on the insufficient knowledge about the species composition at the locality, nor reflect the size of the studied area. The presence of such distributions in both local and global biota of different groups may be explained by the common features of their evolution, especially by the existence of relict orphan groups. The fact that in Homilsha Forests the kurtosis and skewness of distributions decreases in the genera–families–orders row can therefore be explained by the relatively low percentage of the high-rank orphan taxa in the local biota. This may be a common feature of communities studied at small geographical scale, since orphan taxa often demonstrate a high level of endemism. Comparative studies of local communities from different climate zones may help to understand how universal are the patterns, described herein.
Personalized treatment with retigabine for pharmacoresistant epilepsy arising from a pathogenic variant in the KCNQ2 selectivity filter
Authors: Nissenkorn Andreea , Kornilov Polina , Peretz Asher , Blumkin Lubov , Heimer Gali , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Attali Bernard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective. Mutations in the KCNQ2 gene, encoding the voltage‐gated potassium channel, Kv7.2, cause neonatal epilepsies. The potassium channel opener, retigabine, may improve epilepsy control in cases with loss‐of‐function mutations, but exacerbate seizures in cases with gain‐of‐function mutations. Our aim was to describe a patient with a KCNQ2 mutation within the K+‐selectivity fi lter and illustrate how electrophysiological analysis helped us to implement personalized treatment.Methods. Medical history of a patient with severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy was recorded. Diagnosis was reached by whole‐exome‐sequencing. The pathogenic variant was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and patch‐clamp studies were performed, directing therapy.Results. A seven‐year‐old male presented with neonatal seizures, progressing to hundreds of seizures/day without developmental milestones. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant, p.Gly281Arg, in the KCNQ2 gene, located within the ion selectivity fi lter of the pore, predicted to cause loss‐of‐function of Kv7.2, not affected by retigabine. Patch‐clamp analysis revealed no current with the mutant homomer and reduced current with heterotetramer (KCNQ2WT/KCNQ2G281R/KCNQ3WT) channels, consistent with a dominant‐negative effect. Addition of 5 m M retigabine did not produce a current with the mutant homomer, but increased current with the heterotetramer (V50:−30.4 mV vs. −51.3 mV). Following these results, retigabine at 15 mg/kg was administered off‐label, prompting a 90% seizure reduction. Drug withdrawal, imposed by revocation of marketing authorisation for retigabine, caused 50% increase in seizure burden.Significance. Retigabine may be used for precision therapy in patients with KCNQ2‐related epilepsy due to loss‐of‐function variants. It is imperative to reintroduce safe marketing of retigabine for selected patients as personalized treatment.
Ictal vocalizations are relatively common in myoclonic‐atonic seizures associated with Doose syndrome: an audio‐video‐polygraphic analysis
Authors: Oguni Hirokazu , Hirano Yoshiko , Ito Susumu , Nishikawa Aiko , Otani Yui , Nagata Satoru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective. The aim of this study was to investigate ictal vocalizations associated with myoclonic (MS) and myoclonic‐atonic seizures (MAS) in patients with myoclonic epilepsy in infants (MEI) and epilepsy with myoclonic‐atonic seizures (EMAS, Doose syndrome), respectively.Methods. Subjects were retrospectively recruited among patients with MEI and EMAS for whom ictal video‐polygraphs were recorded between 1990 and 2019. We reviewed all MS and MAS in order to estimate how often they were associated with vocalizations, and analyze the temporal relationship between vocalizations and spike‐wave complexes (SWCs) and myoclonic EMG potentials based on simultaneous examination of the polygraphs and sound signals.Results. Ictal video‐polygraphs from 15 patients with MEI (2–34 MS per patient) and 26 with EMAS (2–26 MAS per patient) were examined. Ictal vocalizations were audible in two patients with MEI (11%; 3–18 MS per patient) and nine with EMAS (35%; 2–11 MAS per patient). Sounds were always non‐speech and were immediately followed by head or body dropping in the case of MAS. Detailed analysis based on simultaneous and synchronous examination of video‐polygraphs and sound signals in one patient with MEI and five patients with EMAS demonstrated that the onset of the ictal vocalizations corresponded to that of the myoclonic EMG potentials and negative spike components of SWC. Comparison of the length of myoclonic EMG potentials as well as the strength of drop seizures between MAS with and without vocalizations revealed that MAS with vocalizations were associated with longer myoclonic EMG potentials and stronger drop seizures than MAS without vocalizations (p<0.05), suggesting that the vocalizations result from strong contraction of axial muscles.Significance. Ictal vocalizations due to massive motor seizure activity are a relatively common finding in MAS in Doose syndrome, which may help in the differential diagnosis of epileptic drop attacks.
A case of repetitive seizures following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as a feature of autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Takebayashi Yoshiko , Neshige Shuichiro , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Aoki Shiro , Ueno Hiroki , Iida Koji , Maruyama Hirofumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPembrolizumab, an immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to programmed cell death‐1 receptor (PD‐1) and thereby inhibits binding to its ligand, which inhibits the suppression of activated T cells by cancer cells, resulting in enhancing antitumour immunity. Although several cases of encephalitis have been reported as immune‐related adverse effects of ICIs, epilepsy has not been reported following ICI treatment. We describe the case of an elderly woman with bladder carcinoma who experienced two episodes of generalized seizures after treatment with pembrolizumab. The episodes were atypical of encephalitis, because the seizures were completely responsive to AEDs and the CSF parameters normalized completely without immunotherapy. Since interictal EEG revealed persistent epileptic discharges after the seizures, pembrolizumab was considered to have induced a chronic state of epileptogenicity as the possible pathology, with a clinical picture similar to that of autoimmune epilepsy. The possibility that ICIs may cause an immune‐related adverse effect, such as a chronic epileptic condition, should be considered, since ICIs are used widely.
Ictal fear during parietal seizures
Authors: Yaşgüçlükal Miray Atacan , Makhalova Julia , Carron Romain , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIctal fear is characterized by a subjective sensation of fear and consistent clinical manifestations during seizures. This phenomenon is rarely observed in parietal seizures. We report anatomical electroclinical correlations between an SEEG‐recorded seizure and prominent fear semiology. The seizure onset zone was quantified using the Connectivity Epileptogenicity Index (cEI) method. Occurrence of fear during seizures was related to the involvement of the left inferior parietal cortex and the superior temporal gyrus without amygdala involvement. Our case confirms that parietal seizures can produce ictal fear without concomitant involvement of the limbic temporal network.
Unilateral catalepsy in non‐convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Orlando Biagio , Morano Alessandra , Irelli Emanuele Cerulli , Fanella Martina , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Di Bonaventura Carlo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCatalepsy is defined as a loss of motor and it is listed among the clinical features associated with catatonic syndrome and may occur in association with both psychiatric and neurological disorders. Isolated catalepsy represents a much rarer phenomenon, and has been occasionally reported due to focal brain injuries (e.g. strokes) involving either cortical or subcortical regions. Here, we describe the case of an 81‐year‐old man presenting with isolated unilateral catalepsy as the main manifestation of focal non‐convulsive status epilepticus, ipsilateral to the cataleptic limbs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ictal catalepsy, which highlights the need to consider epilepsy in the diagnostic algorithm for both hyper‐ and hypokinetic movement disorders.
Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on drug‐resistant epileptic encephalopathy associated with a de novo NBEA pathogenic variant
Authors: Schiavoni Silvia , Spagnoli Carlotta , Rizzi Susanna , Salerno Grazia Gabriella , Frattini Daniele , Pisani Francesco , Fusco Carlo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough neurobeachin (NBEA) de novo genetic variants have been mainly reported in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), they have also been recently associated with early childhood epilepsy. We report an 11‐year‐old boy who was first evaluated at 34 months of age because of drug‐resistant epileptic encephalopathy. He also had developmental delay and prominent autistic features. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) disclosed a pathogenic NBEA c.5258_5279del, p.(Ala1753Valfs*13) variant, occurring de novo and a paternally‐inherited heterozygous NBEA c.416T>C p.(Met139Thr) variant of uncertain significance (VUS). The patient showed good response to the ketogenic diet, suggesting that this therapy may be an effective option for patients with seizures who carry NBEA variants.