bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of potential interactions of medications, including herbs and supplements, before, during, and after chemotherapy in patients with breast and prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Richard T. , Kwon Nancy , Wu Jimin , To Connie , To Steven , Szmulewitz Russell , Tchekmedyian Raffi , Holmes Holly M. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Stadler Walter M. , Von Roenn Jamie 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe use of herbs and supplements (HS) is common among patients with cancer, yet limited information exists about potential medication interactions (PMIs) with HS use around chemotherapy.MethodsPatients with breast or prostate cancer who had recently finished chemotherapy at 2 academic medical centers were surveyed by telephone. Interviewers inquired about all medications, including HS, before, during, and after chemotherapy. Micromedex, Lexicomp, and Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database interaction software programs were used to determine PMIs.ResultsA total of 67 subjects (age range, 39‐77 years) were evaluated in this study. Participants were primarily White patients (73%) with breast cancer (87%). The median number of medications was 11 (range, 2‐28) during the entire study and was highest during chemotherapy (7; range, 2‐22). Approximately four‐fifths (84%) used HS. A total of 1747 PMIs were identified, and they represented 635 unique PMIs across all 3 timeframes, with most occurring during chemotherapy. Prescription‐related PMIs (70%) were the most common type, and they were followed by HS‐related (56%) and anticancer treatment–related PMIs (22%). Approximately half of the PMIs (54%) were categorized as moderate interactions, and more than one‐third (38%) were categorized as major interactions. Patient use of HS increased from 51% during chemotherapy to 66% after chemotherapy, and this correlated with an increased prevalence of HS PMIs (46% to 60%). HS users were more likely to be at risk for a major PMI than non‐HS users (92% vs 70%; P = .038).ConclusionsThe use of HS remains prevalent among patients with cancer and may place them at risk for PMIs both during chemotherapy and after the completion of treatment.Lay Summary

This study evaluates the risk of potential medication interactions for patients with breast or prostate cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

The results show that patients often use herbs and supplements during treatment. Prescription medications are most often associated with medication interactions, which are followed by herb and supplement–related interactions. More than one‐third of potential medication interactions are considered major.

Patients should be educated about the risk of herb and supplement–related medication interactions during treatment.
Determination of Binding Strengths of Host‐Guest Complexes in Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Spin Probe Methodology
Authors: Cantelli Andrea , Franchi Paola , Mezzina Elisabetta , Lucarini Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and spin probe methodologies have been employed to study the complexation properties of cyclodextrins (CDs) and cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) in the deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride‐urea. In the presence of γ‐CD an affinity constant very similar to that measured in water was measured in DES with benzyl‐tert‐butyl nitroxide (BTBN). With β‐CD, complexation of BTBN is significantly depressed, although still maintained. Complexation of TEMPO radical probe by CB[7] or CB[8] was instead almost entirely cancelled in DES. In addition, this methodology enabled for the first time to measure the single rate constants for the association and dissociation processes with CDs in DES.
Calcium sensing receptor as a novel target for treatment of sepsis induced cardio‐renal syndrome: Need for exploring mechanisms
Authors: Yadav Shubham , Gupta Kirti , Deshmukh Khalid , Bhardwaj Loveinder , Dahiya Ashish , Krishan Pawan , Singh Gaaminepreet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCalcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is localized in various organs and plays diverse physiological and pathological roles. Several scientific contributions have suggested the involvement of this cell surface receptor in cardiac and renal diseases. Sepsis is considered to be one of the major causes of ICU admissions. Cardiac dysfunction and acute kidney injury are major manifestations of sepsis and associated with reduced survival. Presently, the treatment approaches for management of sepsis induced cardiac depression and kidney injury are not satisfactory. Activation of CaSR has been demonstrated to induce cardiomyocyte damage upon lipopolysaccaharde (LPS) exposure by enhancing calcium ion levels, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, promotion of inflammation and apoptosis. In addition, CaSR seems to be a critical regulator of intracellular calcium ion levels, which is directly implicated in induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and release of various pro‐apoptotic pathways during sepsis. Certain evidences have also documented the expression of CaSR on neutrophils and T lymphocytes, where it is involved in activation of neutrophils and induces apoptosis of immune cells. Moreover, the expression of CaSR has been confirmed in podocytes, mesangial cells, proximal tubular cells and its activation is responsible for podocyte effacement, mesangial cell proliferation and proximal tubular cell apoptosis. We have analyzed the existing evidences, and critically discussed the possible mechanisms underlying CaSR activation mediated cardiac and renal dysfunction in sepsis condition.
Determination of vitamin E and its metabolites in equine urine using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Favro Gianna , Habib Hadi , Gennity Ingrid , Puschner Birgit , Hales Erin N. , Finno Carrie J. , Moeller Benjamin C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEquine neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a hereditary, deteriorating central nervous disease in horses. Currently, the only way to confirm eNAD/EDM is through a postmortem histological evaluation of the central nervous system. Vitamin E, specifically the isoform alpha‐tocopherol (α‐TP), is known to protect eNAD/EDM susceptible horses from developing the clinical phenotype. While vitamin E is an essential nutrient in the diet of horses, there are no diagnostic tests able to quantitate vitamin E and its metabolites in urine. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC‐APCI‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated following acidic hydrolysis and solid phase extraction to quantitate vitamin E and its metabolites in equine urine. A blank control horse urine matrix was used and spiked with different concentrations of analytes to form a standard curve using either alpha‐tocopherol‐d6 or chlorpropamide as the internal standard. Inter‐day and intra‐day statistics were performed to evaluate the method for accuracy (90% to 116%) and precision (0.75% to 14%). Matrix effects, percent recovery, and stability were also assessed. The method successfully analyzed alpha‐carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (α‐CEHC), alpha‐carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychromans (α‐CMBHC), gamma‐carboxyethyl hydroxychroman γ‐CEHC, and α‐TP concentrations in urine to determine a baseline levels of analytes in healthy horses, and can be used to determine concentrations of vitamin E metabolites in equine urine allowing for its evaluation as a diagnostic approach in the treatment of eNAD/EDM.
High‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based approach for the identification and profiling of the metabolites of taletrectinib formed in liver microsomes
Authors: Ye Yongbin , Guo Xiaojuan , He Xin , Zhang Mingwan , He Huiqing , Qiu Dafa , Guo Ziwen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTaletrectinib is a potent, orally active, and selective ROS1/NTRK kinase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to study the metabolism of taletrectinib in rat, dog, and human liver microsomes. The biotransformation of taletrectinib was carried out using rat, dog, and human liver microsomes supplemented with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt (NADPH) and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA). The microsomal incubations were conducted at 37°C for 60 min. The formed metabolites were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS) using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. They were identified by accurate masses and MS/MS spectra and based on their fragmentation pathways. With UHPLC‐HRMS, a total of 10 metabolites including one glucuronide conjugate (M7) were structurally identified. M9 and M10 were unambiguously identified as taletrectinib alcohol and taletrectinib ketone, respectively, using reference standards. The phase I metabolic pathways of taletrectinib involved N‐dealkylation, O‐dealkylation, oxidative deamination, and oxygenation; the phase II metabolic pathways referred to glucuronidation. The current study investigated the in vitro metabolic fate of taletrectinib in animals and human species, which would bring us considerable benefits for the subsequent studies focusing on the pharmacological effect and toxicity of this drug.
Genome‐wide SNP discovery and QTL mapping for economic traits in a recombinant inbred line of Oryza sativa
Authors: Li Gengmi , Yang Qianhua , Li Deqiang , Zhang Tao , Yang Li , Qin Jian , Tang Bin , Guo Xiaojiao , Cao Yingjiang , You Shumei , Li Zhaoxiang , Luo Jing , Wan Xianqi , Liu Ying , Huang Fu , Guo Longbiao , Jiang Kaifeng , Zheng Jiakui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to understand the genetic basis of eight traits conferring grain appearance and yield in a recombinant inbred line (RIL8) derived from a cross between cultivated Indica rice varieties Dexiang074B and Pujiang6. We conducted whole genome re‐sequencing for the two parental lines and genotyping by sequencing (GBS) for the RIL8 population. Next, we aligned the clean reads to the rice genome Nipponbare IRGSP 1.0, constructed the genetic linkage map (GLM), and performed the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. In total, 2631 high‐quality markers were generated for 315 RIL8 samples. We identified a rice GLM containing 12 linkage groups (total map distance: 1946.71 cM; average map distance: 0.74 cM) and 98 QTLs related to the rice yield, including 31 high credible QTLs. In addition, 39 QTLs were identified to be associated with the G*E interaction. While most of the QTLs were co‐localized with previously reported rice QTLs, some novel QTLs were identified for the first time in this study. These findings provide a genetic basis for developing cultivated rice with good economic characteristics based on molecular breeding technologies.
Arbitrage trading and price discovery of the regular and mini Taiwan stock index futures
Authors: Chen Yu‐Lun , Lee Yen‐Hsien , Chou Robin K. , Chang Ya‐Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the contributions of the Taiwan regular and mini index futures to price discovery. We find that the regular futures provide more price discovery, which is inconsistent with the findings for the US futures markets. This dominance of regular futures became relatively weaker after the introduction of the standard portfolio analysis of the risk margin system because of more arbitrage trades mainly executed by institutional investors. We show the effect of the introduction of an integrated margin system on the price‐discovery processes and efficiencies for futures with the same underlying asset but different contract sizes.
Assisted estimation of gene expression graphical models
Authors: Yi Huangdi , Zhang Qingzhao , Sun Yifan , Ma Shuangge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the study of gene expression data, network analysis has played a uniquely important role. To accommodate the high dimensionality and low sample size and generate interpretable results, regularized estimation is usually conducted in the construction of gene expression Gaussian Graphical Models (GGM). Here we use GeO‐GGM to represent gene‐expression‐only GGM. Gene expressions are regulated by regulators. gene‐expression‐regulator GGMs (GeR‐GGMs), which accommodate gene expressions as well as their regulators, have been constructed accordingly. In practical data analysis, with a “lack of information” caused by the large number of model parameters, limited sample size, and weak signals, the construction of both GeO‐GGMs and GeR‐GGMs is often unsatisfactory. In this article, we recognize that with the regulation between gene expressions and regulators, the sparsity structures of a GeO‐GGM and its GeR‐GGM counterpart can satisfy a hierarchy. Accordingly, we propose a joint estimation which reinforces the hierarchical structure and use the construction of a GeO‐GGM to assist that of its GeR‐GGM counterpart and vice versa. Consistency properties are rigorously established, and an effective computational algorithm is developed. In simulation, the assisted construction outperforms the separation construction of GeO‐GGM and GeR‐GGM. Two The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets are analyzed, leading to findings different from the direct competitors.
Can economic links explain lead–lag relations across firms?
Authors: Zeng Kailin , Atta Mills Ebenezer Fiifi Emire 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article studies the driving sources of cross‐firm lead–lag relations in returns which are generated by the Granger‐causality test with a long estimation window. The authors observed that economic links such as customer–supplier relationships and peer effects only account for a small share of the frequently observed cross‐firm lead–lag relations. Instead, most of the cross‐firm lead–lag relations are driven by several classical factors. On average, 95% of the cross‐firm lead–lag relations disappear after controlling for the three classical Fama–French factors, “betting against beta” and a few industry factors such as utility, oil, construction, and finance. This article represents novel evidence that classical factors designed for explaining the contemporaneous stock returns also contains important information for future returns. Investors trading on the signals generated by the relevant classical factors can obtain significant and positive returns.
Financial crises, firm‐level shocks and large downturns: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Giannoulakis Stelios , Sakellaris Plutarchos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow do firm‐specific shocks contribute to large economic downturns associated with financial crises? Using a large and representative dataset on Greek firms covering all sectors of the economy over the period 2000–2014, we find that the contribution of firm‐specific shocks to the volatility of aggregate sales growth increased substantially (about 30%) during the Greek financial crisis and dominated the contribution of macro‐economic and sectoral shocks. We also find that, throughout the sample period, inter‐firm linkages are two and a half times as important as the direct effect of firm shocks in driving aggregate fluctuations. However, during the financial crisis, the Greek economy became more granular, and the direct effect of firm‐specific shocks had increased importance in driving aggregate volatility.
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies: Lesson from clinical experience
Authors: Bozaci Ayse Ergul , Er Esra , Yazici Havva , Canda Ebru , Kalkan Uçar Sema , Güvenc Saka Merve , Eraslan Cenk , Onay Hüseyin , Habif Sara , Thöny Beat , Coker Mahmut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present study describes clinical, biochemical, molecular genetic data, current treatment strategies and follow‐up in nine patients with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency due to various inherited genetic defects.MethodsWe analyzed clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of nine patients with suspected BH4 deficiency. All patients were diagnosed at Ege University Faculty of Medicine in Izmir, Turkey and comprised data collected from 2006 to 2019. The diagnostic laboratory examinations included blood phenylalanine and urinary or plasma pterins, dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) enzyme activity measurement in dried blood spots, folic acid and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, as well as DNA sequencing.ResultsAmong the nine patients, we identified one with autosomal recessive GTP cyclohydrolase I (ar GTPCH) deficiency, two with 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency, three with sepiapterin reductase (SR) deficiency, and three with DHPR deficiency. Similar to previous observations, the most common clinical symptoms are developmental delay, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. All patients received treatment with l‐dopa and 5‐hydroxytryptophan, while only the ar GTPCH, the PTPS, and one DHPR deficient patients were supplemented in addition with BH4. The recommended dose range varies among patients and depends on the type of disease. The consequences of BH4 deficiencies are quite variable; however, early diagnosis and treatment will improve outcomes.ConclusionsAs BH4 deficiencies are rare group of treatable neurometabolic disorders, it is essential to diagnose the underlying (genetic) defect in newborns with hyperphenylalaninemia. Irreversible brain damage and progressive neurological deterioration may occur in untreated or late diagnosed patients. Prognosis could be satisfying in the cases with early diagnose and treatment.
Performance of a rapid antigen test in the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Ciotti Marco , Maurici Massimo , Pieri Massimo , Andreoni Massimo , Bernardini Sergio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiagnostics is crucial for a prompt identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected patients, their isolation and treatment. Real‐time PCR is the reference method for the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; however, the unprecedented increase in the number of infections worldwide calls for faster and easy methods that do not require skilled personnel and special equipment. Rapid antigen tests have been developed and used as first line screening. Here, we assessed the performance of a rapid antigen test in comparison to a real‐time qualitative PCR as gold standard. Fifty nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been tested by Coris coronavirus disease 2019 Ag Respi‐Strip test and Allplex 2019n‐CoV assay. Of the 50 nasopharyngeal swabs tested, 11 were negative by both tests, 27 were negative by Ag test but positive by real‐time PCR, and 12 were positive by both methods. PCR detected the 39 positive samples at a median cycle threshold (Ct) value of 22.78 (mean: 24.51; range: 13.59–39.6). In the 12 concordant samples, the median Ct value was 17.37. The sensitivity of the Ag test was 30.77% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.02%–47.57%), specificity 100% (95% CI: 71.51%–100.00%), positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 85.25% (95% CI: 82.42%–87.69%), and accuracy 86.15% (95% CI: 73.45%–94.28%). The level of agreement between the two tests was poor, k = 0.164. The Ag test performs well in the presence of high viral loads, whereas lower levels are missed. Considering the poor sensitivity of the method, real‐time PCR remains the gold standard as front line screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Soil phosphorus cycling is modified by carbon and nitrogen fertilization in a long‐term field experiment
Authors: Wang Ye , Bauke Sara L. , von Sperber Christian , Tamburini Federica , Guigue Julien , Winkler Pauline , Kaiser Klaus , Honermeier Bernd , Amelung Wulf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and aims: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop growth. However, while links of P turnover in soils to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability have been described, it remains to be clarified how combinations of fertilizer C and N additions affect stocks and cycling of distinct P fractions at different soil depths. The objectives of our study were (1) to assess how soil total P stocks are affected by organic amendments and N fertilization, (2) to evaluate how different soil P fractions respond to N fertilization, and (3) to verify whether N fertilization increases soil biological P cycling.Methods: We collected soil samples from a long‐term field experiment established in 1984 in Rauischholzhausen, Germany. The soil is a Haplic Luvisol and received either no organic fertilizer (NOF), farmyard manure (FYM) or a combination of organic and mineral N fertilizer (OMF). Each treatment additionally received three levels of mineral N: 0 kg ha−1 y−1 (N0), 100 kg ha−1 y−1 (N100), and 200 kg ha−1 y−1 (N200). The organic fertilizers were applied by a manure spreader and the N fertilizer (calcium ammonium nitrate) was applied in spring as top dressing by a plot fertilizer machine. We estimated stocks of P in fractions isolated by sequential P fractionation, and assessed the oxygen isotopic composition of 1 M HCl‐extractable phosphate (δ18OP).Results: We found that increased organic matter (OM) addition and mineral N inputs caused significant decreases in the stocks of resin‐ and NaHCO3‐extractable P in the topsoil (0–30 cm). Mineral N fertilization alone resulted in significant increases in stocks of resin‐, NaHCO3‐, and NaOH‐extractable P in the upper subsoil (30–50 cm). These changes occurred for both inorganic and organic P. The subsoil δ18OP values were closer to expected equilibrium values in soil fertilized with mineral N, indicative of more intensive biological P cycling than in the treatments without mineral N inputs.Conclusions: These findings suggest that long‐term OM and mineral N fertilization promotes topsoil P losses from labile fractions by crop uptake with an enrichment of these P forms in the subsoil, and an overall increase in biological P cycling in both top‐ and subsoil horizons upon N fertilization.
Cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The experience of a comprehensive cancer center performing preoperative screening by RT‐PCR and chest CT scan
Authors: Guerlain Joanne , Haroun Fabienne , Voicu Alexandra , Honoré Charles , Griscelli Franck , Temam Stéphane , Benmoussa Nadia , Gorphe Philippe , de Baere Thierry , Ammari Samy , Garcia Gabriel , Balleyguier Corinne , Rimareix Françoise , Gouy Sébastien , Sitbon Philippe , Gachot Bertrand , Breuskin Ingrid , Suria Stéphanie , Moya‐Plana Antoine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDuring the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), oncological procedures considered to be urgent could not be delayed, and a specific procedure was required to continue surgical activity. The objective was to assess the efficacy of our preoperative screening algorithm.MethodsThis observational retrospective study was performed between the 25th of March and the 12th of May 2020 in a comprehensive cancer center in France. Patients undergoing elective oncologic surgery were tested by preoperative nasopharyngeal reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) that could be associated with a chest computerized tomography (CT) scan.ResultsOf the 510 screening tests (in 477 patients), only 5% (15/477) were positive for COVID‐19 in 24 patients (18 RT‐PCR+ and 7 CT scan+/RT‐PCR−). Four patients were ultimately false positives based on the CT scan. In total, only 4.2% (20/477) of the patients were COVID‐19+. The positivity rate decreased with time after the containment measures were implemented (from 7.4% to 0.8%). In the COVID‐19+ group, 20% of the patients had postoperative pulmonary complications, whereas this was the case for 5% of the patients in the COVID‐19 group.ConclusionsMaintaining secure surgical activity is achievable and paramount in oncology care, even during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with appropriate screening based on preoperative RT‐PCR.