bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid glass/Kevlar fiber reinforced phenolic matrix composites: Thermal degradation and flammability studies
Authors: Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Ramachandran Sasikumar , Swaminathan G. , Thirukumaran M. , Hema M. , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Aravind D. , Chandrasekar M. , Natarajan Varagunapandiyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the present work, bio‐based phenolic matrix composites (PMCs) were fabricated by reinforcing them with bi‐directional glass fiber mats, bi‐directional Kevlar fiber mats, and their hybrid combinations. Both fiber mats were treated with (3‐glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to enhance fiber‐to‐matrix adhesion. Subsequently, the fibers were coated with a phenolic binder made from a mixture of phenol‐hexamine‐based novolac (N) resin and cardanol‐hexamine‐based benzoxazine (Bz) resin. Then the layers of binder‐coated fibers were compressed using a hot press molding machine at 200°C to cure the resins. The developed composites were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UL‐94 V flammability test. The glass fiber (GF‐NBz) and Kevlar fiber (KF‐NBz) reinforced PMCs show an overall mass loss of ~18.5% and 66% at 850°C. Whereas the hybrid GF/KF fiber‐reinforced PMCs exhibit balanced properties of improved thermal stability and higher char yield. The flammability test results show both pure and hybrid samples exhibited a V‐0 rating. Based on these observations, the combination of glass fiber and Kevlar fiber‐reinforced PMCs may be suitable for automotive applications, such as dashboards, and door panels, with improved performance and fire safety.Highlights
Glass and Kevlar/phenolic and their hybrids were developed using hot press.
Fibers coated by (3‐glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane to enhance bonding.
GF/KF composites exhibited balanced properties in thermal property.
The pure and hybrid samples achieved a V‐0 rating under UL‐94 V test.
Ramie fiber and its composites: A review
Authors: Shakir Mufaddal Huzefa , Singh Akant Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNowadays, natural fibers are in greater demand as compared to synthetic fibers because of their various benefits, such as affordability, lightweight, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. Ramie is one such natural fiber that is gaining importance owing to its outstanding mechanical properties. This article examines the literature on ramie fibers as a reinforcing material, with the main emphasis on the recent decade (2013–2023). Various studies on surface treatments to improve the bonding and properties of ramie fiber‐reinforced composites (RFRCs) are discussed. The tribological and mechanical properties of several RFRCs are explored. The applications of ramie‐based composites in several industrial areas are also highlighted. The findings of this review indicate that a combination of alkali and silane surface treatment greatly improves the mechanical and thermal behavior of RFRCs, whereas treating ramie fibers with ammonium polyphosphate enhances their flame retardant properties. Furthermore, the lack of literature on the characterization of RFRCs with different filler materials, such as rice husk, eggshell powder, waste tire particles, and fishbone powder needs to be studied. The insufficient studies on the tribological behavior of RFRCs, particularly in thermoplastic polymers, highlight research gaps that demand attention from researchers to understand their potential for wear‐resistant applications.Highlights
Surface treatments enhance ramie fiber‐polymer bonding.
Alkali + silane treatment boosts composite rigidity.
Ammonium polyphosphate improves flame retardancy.
Hybrid ramie/epoxy with synthetic fibers shows strong mechanical properties.
Research needed on RFRCs with LDPE, PC, and various filler materials.
Improving the interlaminar shear performance of hybrid nano‐filled 3D woven composites using response surface methodology
Authors: Hussain M. Z. , Shah S. Z. H. , Megat‐Yusoff P. S. M. , Ahmad F. , Hussnain S. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe present work aims to improve the interlaminar shear performance of three‐dimensional orthogonal woven E‐glass/epoxy composites (3DOWCs). The epoxy resin was modified with different weight percentages of hybrid nano‐fillers that is, acrylic tri‐BCP M53 (Nanostrength® [NS]: up to 7.5 wt%) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP: up to 1.5 wt%). A response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the input variables for maximum interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) in the warp and weft directions. Experimental results showed that the ILSS of 3DOWCs increased by 22.7% (warp) and 23.4% (weft), when reinforced with 2.5 wt% NS: 0.5 wt% GNP and 5.0 wt% NS: 1.7 wt% GNP, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of damaged samples indicated that GNP‐induced crack pinning, coupled with NS plasticization and fibril formation, contributed to improved interlaminar damage resistance of 3DOWCs. Furthermore, the optimal formulation with p < 0.05 < F of 3.91 wt% NS and 0.5 wt% GNP led to an increase in ILSS of 18.5% and 16.5% along the warp and weft directions, respectively. The findings of this research demonstrate that low concentration of hybrid nano‐fillers can effectively reduce the damage severity in 3DOWCs under shear loading.Highlights
The addition of hybrid nanofillers improved ILSS by up to 23%.
Hybrid nanofillers reduced the damage severity in 3DOWCs compared to pristine 3DOWCs.
Crack pinning/bridging by GNP and NS plasticization enhanced interlaminar damage.
Interlaminar shear performance was optimized using the CCD‐based RSM method.
3.91 wt% NS and 0.5 wt% GNP give maximum ILSS performance of 3DOWCs.
Enhancing in‐plane elasticity of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic multilayer films with polyrotaxane and nanocellulose composites
Authors: Xu Kai , Chu Pinjung , Rumon Rokibul Hasan , Fujimori Atsuhiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSandwich films were prepared by inserting resin sheets between carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) sheets, and their tensile and bending strengths were evaluated. The CFRTP sheets used nylon 66, polyurethane, and polyphenylene sulfide as impregnating resins. The resin sheet used was polypropylene, a general‐purpose resin, combined with a composite material incorporating polyrotaxane and cellulose nanofibers as organic fillers. The sample containing both components showed a 134% improvement in Young's modulus compared to neat polypropylene. This study controlled the number of layers in the sandwich film and assessed the dependence of mechanical properties on layer count. The sandwich films demonstrated particularly good strength in the in‐plane direction, exhibiting excellent bending properties. Furthermore, using composite materials for the resins sandwiched between CFRTP sheets further enhanced mechanical properties. The film material, which can be prepared through simple press molding, is a lightweight material composed of light elements, and exhibits a Young's modulus in the gigapascal scale. CFRTP sheets using nylon 66 as the impregnating resin, the flexural modulus improved by approximately 5.8 times. Furthermore, by increasing the number of laminations, an additional improvement of 3.1 times was observed. This study also identified conditions for improving elongation properties.Highlights
A new material was created using carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP).
Multilayered alternating films made of CFRTP and polymer composite were created.
Corresponding multilayer films showed anisotropy in mechanical properties.
Corresponding multilayer films exhibited excellent in‐plane elasticity.
In‐plane elasticity showed a clear dependency on the number of layers.
Impact of social determinants of health on the outcomes of Latin American children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS‐C)
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Camporesi Anna , Sawaya Charles , Ulloa‐Gutierrez Rolando , Faugier‐Fuentes Enrique , Dueñas Lourdes , Paternina‐de la Ossa Rolando A. , Llamas‐Guillén Beatriz A. , Gámez‐González Luisa B. , Gálvez‐Rafael Nancy , Gatica Andrea , Saltigeral‐Simental Patricia , Cuatecontzi‐Romero Adán , Almeida Flávia Jacqueline , Cuan Shirley , Zapata‐Yarlequé Elmer H. , Beltrán Sandra , Reina‐Bautista Erika , Collia Adrián , Ivankovich‐Escoto Gabriela , Fernández‐Sarmiento Jaime , Tremoulet Adriana H. ,   The REKAMLATINA‐3 MIS‐C Study Group Investigators
Published: December 2024

AbstractImportanceThere is growing understanding that Social Determinants of Health (SDH) impact on the outcomes of different pediatric conditions. We aimed to determine whether SDH affect the severity of MIS‐C.DesignRetrospective cohort study, 2021–2023. Children and adolescents with MIS‐C younger than 18 years of age fulfilling the MIS‐C CDC definition within the REKAMLATINA network were invited to participate. We assessed the impact of SDH on the risk of children with MIS‐C to be diagnosed with shock, need of inotropes, respiratory support, transfusion, and death.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy seven patients from 30 centers in 13 countries were included. Of them, 241 children from the four most‐represented countries were included in the final analysis. Food insecurity, higher distance from a health center, not possessing a private vehicle to transport the patient to hospital, and having a home in poor condition, were associated with low LVEF, need of transfusion, shock, and need for respiratory support, when controlling for age, BMI, and ethnicity. The Score of Social Disadvantage was associated with Shock (OR: 1.35, P: 0.011, 95% CI: 1.07–1.71), Respiratory support (OR: 1.39, P: 0.005, 95% CI: 1.1–1.75), Transfusion (OR: 1.63, P0.013, 95% CI 1.1–2.41), but not death (OR: 0.76, P: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.41–1.40).ConclusionsAmong a large cohort of Latin American children with MIS‐C, SDH negatively affect outcomes. These findings reinforce the need for better investigation of the role of SDH in MIS‐C and other inflammatory conditions and may guide public health interventions.
Toward sustainable process safety management 4.0 versus process safety management
Authors: Pandey Shatrudhan , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Parhi Shreyanshu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProcess safety management (PSM) in the transition toward sustainability has garnered increasing attention in the emerging era of Industry 5.0 (I5.0). This study provides an inclusive proposal for a sustainable process safety management 4.0 (SPSM 4.0) framework, concentrating on its evolution, drivers, and a comprehensive framework highlighting structures and applications. The core values of I5.0 (sustainability, human‐centricity, and resilience) and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), industrial Internet of things (IIoT), and cyber‐physical systems (CPS) are integrated with the PSM system. SPSM 4.0 aims to alter the PSM ecosystem through the applications of digital transformations at workplace by ensuring the process safety, well‐being of employees and assets while leveraging socioeconomic environmental concerns at an improved efficiency. The proposed framework bridges the gap between PSM and sustainability, which serves as a foundation stone for future SPSM 4.0 guidelines targeted at practitioners, policymakers, and academicians. In addition, the study proposes a comprehensive umbrella paradigm integrating PSM with sustainability pillars in an I5.0 landscape. Concluding, the research focuses on a critical discussion of the decision support system operationalizing the SPSM 4.0 system and suggesting critical takeaways for the managers and researchers.
Relationship between morphological and genetic diversity of Phelipanche aegyptiaca in Xinjiang China
Authors: Zhao Nana , Ge Nannan , Grey Timothy L. , Qiang Sheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhelipanche aegyptiaca is one of the most noxious parasitic weedy broomrapes in Xinjiang, China. Understanding its morphological polymorphism and genetic diversity can support effective control strategies. This study investigated the morphological and genetic diversity among and within populations from different geographical regions and host species across Xinjiang to characterize their relationships.RESULTSThirteen ISSR primers were used, resulting in 173 clear bands, 172 of which (99%) were polymorphic. Significant genetic variations were observed within regional and host groups, while variation among groups was relatively low. Gene flow was frequent, with a significant correlation of 1.57 between geographic regions and 5.57 between host species groups. Morphological traits exhibited substantial variability, with diverse coefficients ranging from 16% to 50%. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that samples primarily clustered by region, not by host species. There was a significant correlation between morphological and genetic diversity across geographical groups.CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that genetic and morphological diversity are key factors in the expansion of P. aegyptiaca's host‐range and its spread. Morphological diversity appears to result from the interaction between genetic variation and environmental factors. This study offers new insights into the adaptation and evolution of P. aegyptiaca in relation to its genetic, morphological diversity and dissemination. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of ensemble‐based hybrid background‐error covariances in ECMWF's next‐generation ocean reanalysis system
Authors: Chrust Marcin , Weaver Anthony T. , Browne Philip , Zuo Hao , Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn ensemble of data assimilations (EDA) can provide valuable information on analysis and short‐range forecast uncertainties. The present European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational ocean analysis and reanalysis system, called the Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5), produces an ensemble but does not exploit it for the specification of the background‐error covariance matrix , a key component of the data assimilation system. In this article, we describe EDA developments for the ocean, which take advantage of the short‐range forecast ensemble for specifying, in two distinct ways, parameters of a covariance model representation of . First, we generate a climatological ensemble over an extended period to produce seasonally varying climatological estimates of background‐error variances and horizontal correlation length‐scales. Second, in each assimilation cycle, we diagnose flow‐dependent variances from the ensemble and blend them with the climatological estimates to form hybrid variances. We also use the ensemble to diagnose flow‐dependent vertical correlation length‐scales. We demonstrate for the Argo‐rich period that this new, ensemble‐based hybrid formulation of results in a significant reduction of background errors compared with the parameterized formulation of used in ORAS5, with the globally averaged reduction ranging between 5% and 15% for subsurface temperature and salinity and up to and for sea‐surface temperature and sea‐surface height, respectively. The new ocean EDA system will be employed in ORAS6, ECMWF's next‐generation ocean reanalysis system.
Reuse of Mine Tailings as an Alternative for the Manufacture of Refractory Bricks: Sustainable Remediation for Mining Waste Management
Authors: Puy‐Alquiza María Jesús , Gonzalez Martin Caudillo , Miranda‐Avilés Raúl , Palmerin Joel Moreno , Salazar‐Hernandez Ma. Mercedes , Sanchez Cristina Daniela Moncada 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMining waste generated during the extraction and processing of minerals in the mining industry represents a social and environmental problem due to the potential impacts associated with the nature of the waste and its toxicity. To mitigate the impact generated by mining waste, this research is an engineering application that seeks to use mining waste sustainably by manufacturing blocks of mining waste. In this article, the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of blocks manufactured from mine tailings for use as refractory brick in the domestic or construction sector were evaluated to determine their composition and behavior. The mine tailings blocks were subjected to temperatures of 1200°C, resulting in an acid‐type refractory brick, high‐density refractory brick (2.4 g/cm3), with a porosity of 43%, to 24 hardness (474–468 HLD), absorption (28.6%– 5.7%), smooth and homogeneous texture, and resistant to corrosion by acids. The refinery bricks exhibited a mechanical resistance of 50.57–181.66 MPa, flexion resistance of 2.93–13 MPa, and thermal expansion of 0.17 mm. To better understand the textural and chemical characteristics, a detailed study involving field analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and morphometric analysis using a petrographic microscope and scanning electron microscopy was carried out. Regarding the chemical composition, the bricks have a high SiO2 content (80.6%) and contents of CaO and Al2O3 of 6.65% and 6.0%, respectively. The mineral phases consist of quartz β, cristobalite, and opal, designating the blocks as acid‐refractory brick. Acid‐refractory bricks obtained from mining tailings represent an option to reduce waste in the environment and provide an alternative as a raw building material in the domestic and industrial sectors.
Improved Iterative Learning Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Batch Processes
Authors: Zhou Chengyu , Jia Li , Li Jianfang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper once again focuses on the research of iterative learning model predictive control (ILMPC) in batch processes, which aims to ensure that the system has fast convergence speed and good non‐repetitive disturbance suppression ability. Firstly, using the process input and output data, a nonlinear batch process composite model consisting of a nominal ARX model and a JITL model is established, where the former is used to describe the process dynamics and the latter to evaluate the modeling error caused by the process nonlinearity. Then, an improved ILMPC (IILMPC) method is proposed, which considers the current iteration input, the input increment along the iteration axis, and the input increment in the time axis in an integrated two‐dimensional feedback design framework. Meanwhile, a slack variable is also taken into account in the IILMPC design algorithm to ensure that a feasible solution will always exist. These advantages drive the presented control strategy to give better tracking performance than existing ILMPC. The convergence of the IILMPC algorithm is analyzed under mild conditions. Finally, a simulation case is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Can Digitalization Bridge the Gap? Exploring Human Development and Inequality in Gauteng Province, South Africa?
Authors: de Bruyn Chané , Musa Kazi , Castanho Rui Alexandre 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite global progress in reducing inequality, disparities persist and worsen in certain regions. While wealthier countries experience unprecedented human development, poorer nations, including South Africa, struggle. Digital innovations have transformed sectors like business, education, healthcare, and finance, yet the gap in digital access mirrors the gap in development. This study focuses on Gauteng Province, South Africa, a region highly prone to inequality. Using data from 1993 to 2022 and applying the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the study reveals that digitalization significantly reduces inequality across Gauteng's regions. The Human Development Index (HDI) is negatively correlated with inequality, showing that improvements in human development help narrow disparities. However, regional output disparities intensify inequality, with the impact growing from lower to higher quantiles. These findings underscore the dual role of digitalization as both a means of reducing inequality and a marker of deeper economic and social divides. Given the limited research on digitalization and inequality in developing economies, particularly in South Africa, this study offers critical insights and policy implications for fostering inclusive growth in the region.
Transition Metal‐ and Base‐Free [3 + 2] Cycloaddition: Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activity of Isoxazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Behera Kabita , Mohapatra Suhasini , Nayak Sabita , Mohapatra Seetaram , Parida Sonali Priyadarshini , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Rout Usha Kiran , Sahoo Chita Ranjan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA convenient and applicable approach for constructing diverse functionalized 4′‐nitro‐2′,5′‐diphenyl spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐isoxazolidin]‐2‐one derivatives has been developed via a transition metal‐ and base‐free [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of isatin ketonitrone derivatives with β‐nitrostyrene. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by NMR and HRMS, while the structure of one specific compound, 11m, was definitively determined through single crystal X‐ray analysis. This method offers several advantages, including shorter reaction time, high yields, and a broad substrate scope. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against two human pathogenic bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Among all the tested compounds, 11c showed the highest potency, outperforming the standard antibiotic gentamicin, with a MIC value of 20 µg/mL. Structure‐activity relationship studies (SARs) revealed that compound 11c, having Cl‐substituted styrene, possesses the most significant antibacterial activity. These spiro isoxazolidine derivatives exhibit promising antibacterial properties and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, indicating their potential as viable antibacterial agents. In silico ADME predictions suggested favorable pharmacokinetic properties, indicating the potential of these compounds as antibacterial drug candidates.
A Greener Process for the Synthesis of Base‐Catalyzed Substituted Pyrazoles and Triazolopyrimidines as Prospective Biological Activity
Authors: Bawazir Wafa A. , Al‐amshany Zahra M. , El‐shishtawy Reda M. , Othman Ismail M. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNovel 1H‐pyrazole analogues were generated in high yields via the cyclocondensation of chalcone derivatives with p‐toluene sulfonyl hydrazine, utilizing K2CO3 and iodine as catalysts under heat for 2 h. A straightforward and effective manner was carried out for the creation of substituted pyrazoles or triazolopyrimidines via tandem methods containing aryl sulfonyl/benzoyl chloride and 1H‐pyrazole derivatives, or chalcones and 5‐aminotriazole, with catalytic amounts of K2CO3 or KOH, respectively. By researching with different solvents and catalysts, the reaction conditions for this technique were improved, resulting in good to excellent yields of the intended products 4aa‐cb and 6A‐d. This method is observed for its enhanced yields and environmental friendliness. The structures of the novel molecules have been verified by spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. The novel targets were validated versus various pathogenic and fungal strains. Contrasting the new series of products to reference drugs, pyrazole derivative 2b were the strongest antimicrobial actions, with MIC values varying from 0.98–19.45 µM.