bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on generation and composition of food waste in Kundasang, Sabah
Authors: Zakarya A , Yabainus A F , Halis R , Beson M R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this era, we are facing a very troublesome problem, and that is food waste. Food wastage started happening decades ago and is still happening today. This not only comes from large-scale food and beverage production but, unfortunately, also comes from people’s behavior. Which had made the research to study the generation and composition of food waste in Kundasang, Sabah and identify the awareness of food waste management. the collection of the food waste involved in residential and commercial and then, divide into two types which are cooked and uncooked food waste. As a result, the food waste generated from the commercial was more than residential area. Then, the food waste generation rate for every person is 0.14 kg/person/day. Most of the people in Kundasang know about food waste management but they do not know the proper way to manage the food waste but 64 % of them, interest to involve minimize the food waste in the future. Knowledge and skills can be spread among family residents through sports and awareness activities related to food management. In short, appropriate methods should be introduced to overcome the restrictions on the residents of Kundasang’s households to minimize food waste.
Effect of operational time on the chemical oxygen demand performance of sequencing batch reactor treating disperse dye synthetic wastewater
Authors: Rashid N A , Mohtar S A W , Rani A L , Omar M F , Abdullah M A H , Noordeka A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work examines the effect of operational time of 6 hours on the removal of disperse dye from synthetic textile wastewater. Experiments were conducted daily at fill, react, settle, draw, and idle phase at 1 h, 1 h, 2 h, 1 h, 1 h respectively. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of COD reached 77 %. Short operational time resulted in low COD removal efficiencies of disperse dye. The findings also revealed that when applying optimum operational time, sequencing batch reactor will achieve the highest growth of the bacteria responsible for the degradation of COD. When operational time increases, degradation becomes the dominant removal mechanisms of COD.
Numerical Simulation of Flow within a storage area of HDPE modular pavement
Authors: Amirah A S N , Boon F Y , Nihla K A , Salwa Z M , Mahyun A W , Yaacof N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The development of stromwater management usually promote to provide the safe passage of stromwater. However physical modelling need expensive laboratory experiments. Due to that this numerical study is performed to study the flow within storage area of HDPE modular pavement. This paper studied and compared the infiltration rate of diagonal modular and conventional pavement (control), determined the velocity magnitude and pressure of modular pavement at various rainfall intensities. FLOW-3D was used to run a simulation on a porous media flow model using the Navier-Stokes equation. Real rainfall data of Malaysia was used as the model inputs to get better analysis of pavement design. The present findings showed that storage area modular pavement has lower fraction of fluid than control, which means that it has greater holding capacity and capable to capture all the rainfall volume from 5mm/h to 85mm/h. Besides, rainfall intensity has a strong influence on velocity magnitude and pressure. The HDPE diagonal modular pavement strong enough to sustain with an increasing of velocity magnitude and pressure during extreme rainfall. Therefore, HDPE modular pavement indicates a better water interception capacity than conventional pavement. FLOW-3D helps the critical analysis of pavement design process and useful as supplementary tool.
Study of The Effect of Hot Water Extract of Garlic and Pepper Plants, With Different Concentrations Saline Solution on The Mortalityon Parlatoria Blanchardi (Targioni-Tozzetti) on Date Palms
Authors: Al-Hussainawy Khalid J. , Hasan Sabreen Mohsen , Chebaani Hana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi (Homoptera : Diaspdidae) is one of the important pests, that cause damage to all parts of the date palm in the central and southern governorates of Iraq, In order to reduce the negative effects of pesticides on the environment. Two types of hot water extracts, of Capsicum annuam and Alliu sativum, were used in the field at three concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 g/liter of water, in addition to the use of the saline solution in three concentrations of 15, 20 and 25 g/liter of water, to reduce the population density of P. blanchardi. The results showed that the plant extracts and the saline solution, had high efficiency in reducing the population density of P. blanchardi after one week of spraying, as the saline solution registered the best mortality of 100% at the three concentrations used and with a significant difference from A. sativum extract, which recorded the highest mortality of 80% for the insect at the concentration of 15 g/L and the lowest mortality was 56% over the concentration of 10 g/L, while the C. annuam extract recorded the highest mortality of 80% at a concentration of 15 g/L, and the lowest mortality at a concentration of 5 g/L was 55%.
Pattern of Distribution of Spatial Phenomena to Communities Prevailing in Mount Gara Using Function L(r)
Authors: Abdullah Osama Mohammed Saleh , Mohammed Ammar Jassim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe spatial pattern of species is an important feature to understand why these species coexist and remain in position or not, and using the single Ripley function and the L(r) function, we analyzed the spatial pattern of types of broad-leaf tree and tree covers and the needles for mixed brawls in the forests of Mount Gara, using PASSAGE V.2, L(r) analysis of the species under study showed a variation in the pattern distribution of trees and gave the highest percentage of random form distribution pattern with a cluster pattern of 11.25%, Through the ratios and forms of distribution of the L(r) function of the various samples of the study, we find that these stands generally tend to be regular, indicating that these species remain at the end of the life cycle in the structure of a more stable stand.
The Effect of Using Rice Bran With Enzymes on The Production Performance of Turkey
Authors: Aldouri Asaad D. Saber , Allaw Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production at the University of Tikrit, Faculty of Agriculture, and the aim of this study was to know the effect of using rice bran at a rate of (0, 15, 20%) with and without adding a mixture of enzymes containing amylase, protease and cellulose by 0.5 g/kg in turkey rations for a period of 10 weeks, 120 unsexed Bronze turkeys were used. The birds were distributed into six treatments, each treatment included four replicates (cage) five birds. The results showed a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05). For the second treatment (0 % rice bran + 0.5 g/kg mixture of enzymes) in live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, while it was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) superior to the sixth treatment (20% rice bran + 0.5 g/kg mixture of enzymes) In feed consumption compared to the third treatment, and there were no deaths in any of the study treatments throughout the experiment period.
Effect of Different Level of Zeolite and Perlite on The Physiological Performance of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Tarsh Asaad Fadhel , Al-Yasseri Ahmed Jawad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A total of 24 male Awassi lamb aged (4-6) months were used, to determine the effect of different level of zeolite and perlite on the physiological traits of Awassi sheep. Results show that te use of zeolite led to the presence of high significant differences at the level (P ≤ 0.05) of the studied values between the experimental groups and according to the weeks of the study, as the values varied between different weeks in the characteristics of the biochemical blood parameters and values, which are (both cholesterol values, the values of high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and fats). All treatments of zeolite and perylite and their mixture outperformed the control group, while the fourth treatment T4 outperformed the other treatments, followed by the third treatment T3 over the studied treatments T2 and T1.
In Vitro Detection of Some Active Compounds in Stressed Callus of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata L.)
Authors: El-Kaaby Ekhlas A.J. , Al-Saady Hassan A. A. , Al-Kaisy Wifaq A. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted at the Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Directorate of Agricultural Research, Genetic Engineering Department. In Vitro callus cultured on (MS) medium supplemented with different levels of NaCl, brassinolides and vitamin C. H.P.L.C technique was used to detect the phenolic compounds in different treatments of mungbean stressed callus. The results showed various responses for accumulation of phenolic compounds in different treatments of mungbean stressed callus for example, 15dS.m−1NaCl+40mg.L−1vitamin C+0.04mg.L−1brassinolide) accumulated highest concentration of Hydroxybenzonic acid, Tannic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin and Syrinigic acid (280.44, 135.16, 286.49, 778.93 and 778.93 μg.ml−1) respectively, while highest accumulation of Chlorogenic acid, Gentisic acid, Sikimick acid and Coumaric acid were found in (6dS.m−1NaCl+40mg.L−1vitamin C+0.04mg.L−1brassinolide) treatment reached (230.27, 208.21, 846.52 and 522.62 μ.mg−1)respectively. Furthermore, 6dS.m−1NaCl+0.04mg.L−1 brassinolide and 15dS.m−1 NaCl+0.04mg.L−1 brassinolide achieved highest accumulation (933.83 and 407.48 μg.ml−1) for Ferulic acid and Protocatechuric acid respectively.
Productivity Test of Wheat Genotypes Under Water Stress Conditions
Authors: Al-Omary Hassan Jasim Obead , Mohsen Haider Abdul Hussain , AlSalem Saleh Hadi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq, during the agricultural season (2020-2021), with the aim of studying the effect of water stress on the productivity of some genotypes of bread wheat. The experiment included studying the effect of four levels of water depletion from field capacity, which are 25% (W1), 50% (W2) and 75% (W3), in addition to the comparison treatment without water stress (W0), and six genotypes of bread wheat (N29, N12, Aba99, N14, N28, and Bohouth 22). The experiment was applied using the RCBD randomized complete plot design according to the split plot design with three replications. Water stress dish in lining stage. The results showed that water stress (W3) caused a significant decrease in the mean characteristics of the number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biological yield. The compositions differed significantly among themselves if the composition N14 outperformed in the trait and yield of grain (5.390 tons ha−1), biological yield (14.98 tons.ha−1) and weight of 1000 grains (48.10 g), while the superiority of the variety Bohouth22 in the number of grains in the spike (36.73 grains spike_1). This study suggests to more cultivation of the genotypes N14, N28 and N12, which gave the best grain yield under water stress conditions in order to adopt them and expand their cultivation in Iraq, and to conduct more studies on the cultivation of genotypes of bread wheat under the influence of water stress, as well as the adoption of the variety Bohouth 22 instead of From the of Apa99 in areas that suffer from water scarcity in Iraq.
The Effect of Different Levels of Potassium on The Productivity of Genotypes of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: Al-Taher Faisal Mihbes , Al-Naser Howraa Hussein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the second agricultural station of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna in the Al Bandar area (2 km from the city center), during the season (2020-2021) to know the effect of different levels of potassium fertilizer coated and are K0 (without addition), K1 (30 kg.K.H−1), K2 (60 kg.K.H−1), K3 (90 kg.K.H−1) and K4 (120 kg.K.H−1 without coated) On the vesponse of the genotypes of the wheat (Iksad 59, Iranian, Iksad 901, Iksad 133 and Boohooth 22), According to what the process requires of printing to arrange the splinter panels using a design R.C.B.D and three repetitions, As the potash fertilizer treatments were placed in the main panels (Main-plots) While the genotypes were placed in the secondary plates (Sub-plot). The results showed a significant difference between the genotypes in the traits studied as the Iksad 133 genotype superior in the biological yield, while the Iranian genotype was superior in the weight of 1,000 seeds and the harvest index, and as response to potassium fertilizer, The coated treatment has outperformed 30 kg.K.H−
1 The No. grains spike−1 and the weight 1000 seeds. It also excelled in the seed yield, vital yield and harvest index, which averaged reached 8.03 tons H−1 and 18.33 tons H−1 and 43.98 % respectively, while the coated treatment supertor 90 kg.K.H−
1 significantly in the No. of fertile spikes. M2. As for the interaction between the two factors, the combination (Iksad 133 x K3) was superior in the No. of fertile spikes, and the combination (Iksad 59 x K4) in the No. of spike grains, while the two combinations superior (Boohooth 22 x K1) and (Iksad 133 x K1) in grain yield, which averaged 9.11 and 9.06 tons ha−1 respectively, and the combination (Iksad 133 x K1) was superior in bio-it give high mea reached 21.27 tons.ha−1, The combination (Iranian × K2) was superior in the harvest index, It reached 48.75%.
Pretreatment of Seed With Hydrogen Peroxide for Mitigating Salt Stress of Some Hungarian Wheat Landraces at Seedlings Stage
Authors: Abido W. A. E. , Dhurgham S. , Altai K. , Zsombik L. , Hadházy Á. , Allem A. , Dulai S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Salt stress is a stringent problem limiting germination and productivity of wheat all over the world, seed pretreatment can effectively induce salt tolerance. The present experiment conducted to investigate the germination, seedling and chemical parameters response of seven Hungarian wheat Landraces (Szentesi, Nyirádi, Kiszombori, Háromfai, Tapiószelei, Nagykállói and Szajlai) to seed soaking at four levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) i.e. control, 0.5,.0 and 1.5% subjected to five levels of salt stress (control, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 2.0 dSm−1). Treatments were arranged in Factorial Experimental based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Under non-saline and salt stress H2O2 soaking significantly influenced all parameters. Soaking at 1.5% resulted the highest germination ability, seedling parameters, relative water content (RWC%), tolerance index (TI%) and potassium (K+ ppm) as well proline level in parallel with the lowest sodium content. However, wheat landraces responded differently to the treatments. Háromfai landrace came in the first rank followed by Tapiószelei, Kiszombori, Szajlai, Nyirádi, Szentesi and Nagykállói landraces. Háromfai landrace resulted the highest values of germination parameters, RWC, TI, K+ and proline contents. At the same time, the maximum values of Na+ content was detected in reverse order. Increasing salinity stress levels from 3.0 to 12.0 dSm−1’ significantly decreased all studied character except Na+ which was increased as compared with control treatment. Therefore, pretreatment of seeds with 1.5 % of H2O2 increased proline and K+ in contrast to the Na+ content. These results suggest that H2O2 pretreatment helps to increase seedlings growth of Háromfai landrace under high salt stress compared to the other examined wheat landraces.
Effect of Walnut Extract on Germination Characteristics of Several Species of Weeds
Authors: Hamarashid Sahar Hussein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Some plants can prevent seed germination and growth in other plants by producing toxic allelochemicals materials. this study aimed was to effect of walnut extract on germination characteristics of several species of weeds. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on a completely random design with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were two walnut cultivars, four species of weeds) Soutani, Rajal, Khardel and Zivan) and four levels of walnut extract (0, 10, 20 and 30 percent). Results showed that there was a significant difference among walnut extract concentration, weed species, and interaction between them for all studied traits (P< 0.01). In present study with increase the concentration of walnut extract from zero to 30%, in all four types of weeds the germination rate, germination percentage, root, stem and seedling length, and seed vigor index were significantly reduced. Also in the treatment of 30%, walnut extract species of Khardel showed the highest, and Shoufan, Rajal, and Zivan showed the lowest germination rat, germination percentage, root, stem, and seedling length, and seed vigor index.
An Economic Analysis of The Impact of Some Agricultural Economic Variables on Iraq’s Agricultural Gross Domestics Production Using ccr Model (2008-2019)
Authors: Mohamed Rafed Fattah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the impact of some agricultural economic variables on agricultural domestic products. This relationship was estimated between agricultural loans and agricultural investment and the rate of agricultural capital accumulation as independent variables, and agricultural GDP as a dependent variable during the period 2008 - 2019 with quarterly data, so that the number of surveyed observations became 48 observations and using the legal canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR), the results showed that there is a positive and very high impact for each of the variables of agricultural loans and capital accumulation while the agricultural investment variable was not significant despite its positive sign. The research recommended that agricultural lending should in-kind take the largest share of the loan while being the dominant one and that has tightened control over the destination of the agricultural loan and the guarantees of its repayment on time.
Analysis and improvement in the Electrical Discharge Machining process used on the manufacturing of moulds for plastics injection moulding
Authors: Costa A , Ferreira L P , Silva F J G , Sá J C , Pereira M T , Ávila P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to increasing competitiveness in the industry, companies will invariably adopt strategies to ensure that their employees continuously eliminate waste and create more value. This concept was applied at a company that designs, develops, and manufactures steel moulds for the injection of thermoplastics, with the purpose of implementing Lean thinking in the production sector, thus achieving the following objectives: organization of production; preparation of documents to support production, and standardization of graphite stock. Regarding the application of the 5S tool, an improvement in worker safety, and in cleaning was observed, which also led to a reduction in the time wasted when locating tools. Through the implementation of 5S auditing, enabling to verify an overall improvement, from a rating of 35% in the first audit to 85% in the subsequent audit. The tools implemented allowed for improvements in communication between sectors, leading to increased productivity and productive autonomy. Finally, graphite stock was standardized by means of Kanban.
CT image quality influence on different material Edge Response Functions for accurate metrological applications
Authors: Holgado I , Iglesias J , Ortega N , Plaza S , Pascual A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main objective of the proposed work was to analyse the influence of magnification and focal spot size scan settings on X-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements results under commercial threshold-based algorithms. The relationship between spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity in CT scans of different materials and the accuracy of the resulting CT measurement results is discussed. For that purpose, Aluminium, Copper, Inconel 718 and Titanium disk phantoms were scanned. Preliminary measurements showed that deviations can increase up to 0.48% when the scanning magnification was increased while, for a given magnification, the decrease of a focus size from 1mm to 0.4mm slightly improves the differences up to 0.15%, being negligible at low magnifications. Unsharpness (U

T
) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for each scanning conditions according to standard ASTM E1695 – 20. A new image quality indicator that includes the combined effect of the U

T
and CNR was proposed in order to relate measurement error with the image quality. The indicator proves that the influence of CNR is much higher than influence of U

T
on the CT measurements.
Layer contour characterization in additive manufacturing through image binarization
Authors: Blanco D , Fernández A , Fernández P , Álvarez B J , Peña F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On-Machine Measurement adoption will be key to dimensional and geometrical improvement of additively manufactured parts. One possible approach based on OMM aims at using digital images of manufactured layers to characterize actual contour deviations with respect to their theoretical profile. This strategy would also allow for in-process corrective actions. This work describes a layer-contour characterization procedure based on binarization of digital images acquired with a flat-bed scanner. This procedure has been tested off-line to evaluate the influence of two of the parameters for image treatment, the median filter size (S

f
) and the threshold value (T), on the dimensional/geometrical reliability of the contour characterization. Results showed that an appropriate selection of configuration parameters allowed to characterize the proposed test-target with excellent coverage and reasonable accuracy.
Three-dimensional numerical analysis of tubular adhesive joints under torsional loads
Authors: Oliveira T J S , Campilho R D S G , Cardoso M G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bonding method using adhesives has gained a lot of presence in the design of mechanical structures in several industries, especially in the aeronautics and automobile industry. Bonded joints are widely used to join tubular components, in vehicle frames like aeroplanes and automobiles. For the design process of these joints, analytical or numerical predictive techniques can be used. This work performs a numerical study in order to evaluate the torsional performance of aluminium tubular adhesive joints (AW6082-T651), considering the variation of the main geometric parameters, such as overlap length (L
O) and tubes’ thickness. In order to predict the strength, the Finite Element Method (FEM) was used with Cohesive Zone Models (CZM), whose analysis based itself on the internal stresses of the adhesive, namely the analysis of shear stress (τxy) and joint strength, measured by the maximum torsional moment (M
m). Previously, validation with experimental data was carried out. The technique was positively validated, and a significant geometry on M
m was found, except for L
O.