bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence, Prevalence, and Associated Costs of Anemia, Malignancy, Venous Thromboembolism, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, and Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Treatment History in the United States
Authors: Dore Robin K. , Antonova Jenya N. , Burudpakdee Chakkarin , Chang Lawrence , Gorritz Magdaliz , Genovese Mark C. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveComorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can influence treatment selection, impact treatment persistency, and increase health care costs. This study assessed the magnitude of comorbidity burden via epidemiology (incidence and prevalence) and associated costs of select comorbidities in RA patients: anemia, malignancy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and infections, stratified by history of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) exposure.MethodsFrom the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus database, we selected adult patients with RA (2 or more RA diagnostic codes at least 30 days apart) at initiation of a new DMARD (DMARD‐naïve), after the first conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) or after the first biologic DMARD (bDMARD). We assessed pre‐index prevalence (percentage) and on‐treatment incidence (per 100 patient‐years [P100PY]) of the aforementioned comorbidities. For patients with versus without incident conditions, we compared total all‐cause health care costs as unadjusted and adjusted for baseline characteristics and health care costs.ResultsPrior to initiating a new treatment, among DMARD‐naïve patients (N = 28,201), csDMARD switchers (N = 7,816), or bDMARD switchers (N = 4,656), the overall prevalence ranged from 14.1% to 16.2% (anemia), from 1.3% to 5.2% (malignancy, evaluated in csDMARD and bDMARD switchers), from 1.5% to 2.1% (VTE), from 1.8% to 2.9% (MACE), and from 66.6% to 76.1% (infections). Once on index treatment, overall incidence (P100PY) among the cohorts ranged from 6.9 to 8.9 (anemia), from 2.0 to 2.3 (malignancy), from 0.7 to 0.9 (VTE), from 1.6 to 2.0 (MACE), and from 77.4 to 87.7 (infections). The incident comorbidities (except herpes zoster) were associated with increased adjusted health care costs.ConclusionAnemia, malignancy, VTE, MACE, and infections affect patients with RA at all stages of their treatment journey and are associated with increased health care costs.
Precise Control of Crystal Orientation of Conjugated Molecule Enables Anisotropic Charge Transport Properties
Authors: Memon Waqar Ali , Zhou Ruimin , Zhang Yajie , Wang Yuheng , Liu Lixuan , Yang Chen , Zhang Jianqi , Liaqat Adeel , Xie Liming , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe crystal orientation of small molecules is one of the key parameters for developing high‐performance small molecule based organic field‐effect transistors. However, achieving a high degree of backbone alignment still remains a challenge, due to the sensitive nature of small molecules to processing conditions. Herein, the thin films of three conjugated small molecules, named as ZR1, ZR2‐C3, and Y6 are prepared by epitaxial‐crystallization on a highly oriented polyethylene (PE) substrate, resulting in the significant enhancement in charge transport properties. The maximum mobilities for aligned edge‐on molecules in the films enhance by up to 9.91 × 10−2 and 8.97 × 10−2 cm2 V−1s−1 for ZR1 and ZR2‐C3 films with conducting channel along small molecule backbones, which are 35‐ and 37‐fold that of the values evaluated in perpendicular to molecular backbones and nearly 23‐and 19‐fold beyond the values measured from unaligned films. Furthermore, the electron and hole mobilities of the small molecule Y6 with face‐on nature increase by nearly fourfold the values measured in perpendicular to the backbone direction and from unaligned films. This work demonstrates the epitaxial crystallization of thin films on oriented PE, offers a critical understanding of small molecules with different orientations and an effective approach for tuning charge transport toward high‐performance organic electronic applications.
A Separator with a Novel Thermal Crosslinking Structure Based on Electrospun PI/A‐POSS for Lithium‐Ion Battery with High Safety and Outstanding Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Wang Zhen , Zhao Fangzheng , Sun Yizhe , Cheng Bowen , Xing Jinfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, a polyimide/aminopropyllsobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PI/A‐POSS) membrane with a novel 3D thermal crosslinking structure is prepared by electrospinning and subsequent imidization. Compared with the pure PI membrane, PI/A‐POSS composite membranes present better mechanical properties, narrower distribution of pore size, smaller average pore size, and better thermal stability. When A‐POSS content is 3 wt%, the composite membrane (A3) has outstanding electrolyte uptake, excellent ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance, and the high electrochemical stability of anode. The battery assembled with the A3 separator has an excellent first discharge capacity of 137.8 mAh g−1 and its capacity retention rate is still as high as 76.49% after 100 cycles at 2.0 C. Furthermore, battery assembled with the A3 separator shows excellent rate capacity with a relatively high discharge capacity up to 169.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a superior capacity recovery rate of 98.06% at 30 °C. Especially, the battery assembled with the A3 separator shows more prominent rate capacity with an excellent first discharge capacity up to 180.5 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a superior capacity recovery rate of 95.79% at 60 °C.
Tailored SiO2‐TiO2 Aerogel/Ag Flexible Films as Stable SERS Substrates for Hazardous Materials Detection
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Xue , Zhao Zhiyang , Zhou Xin , Huang Shiliang , Huang Longjin , Wang Zihan , Li Jingru , Fu Junjie , Liu Yu , Cui Sheng , He Xuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlexible surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates have received more and more attention for their non‐invasive sample collection ability. However, majority of them have poor stability and reproducibility because noble metal is easily oxidized and led to lose SERS activity. Herein, SiO2‐TiO2‐Ag hybrids aerogel (STAHA) material is first applied as a flexible SERS substrate for explosives and dyes long‐term sensitive detection. The sensitive non‐invasive detection of 3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) residues can be achieved with a limit of 1 × 10−6 m by wiping sample collection method. Meanwhile, similar SERS sensitivity from long‐term (50 days) kept substrates is observed compared with fresh‐made substrates. This long‐term sensitivity is contributed to electronic transfer compensation from TiO2 aerogel. This proposed flexible STAHA enrich the type of SERS substrates, and their long‐term sensitivity can provide a prospective application for trace analyses of explosives and other hazardous residues in criminal forensic, military, and security check.
Manufacturing Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrocatalytic Sheets for Large‐Scale H2O2 Production
Authors: Ahmed Fareed , Ding Penghui , Ail Ujwala , Warczak Magdalena , Grimoldi Andrea , Ederth Thomas , Håkansson Karl M.O. , Vagin Mikhail , Gueskine Viktor , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProducing thick films of conducting polymers by a low‐cost manufacturing technique would enable new applications. However, removing huge solvent volume from diluted suspension or dispersion (1–3 wt%) in which conducting polymers are typically obtained is a true manufacturing challenge. In this work, a procedure is proposed to quickly remove water from the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) suspension. The PEDOT:PSS suspension is first flocculated with 1 m H2SO4 transforming PEDOT nanoparticles (≈50–500 nm) into soft microparticles. A filtration process inspired by pulp dewatering in a paper machine on a wire mesh with apertures dimension between 60 µm and 0.5 mm leads to thick free‐standing films (≈0.5 mm). Wire mesh clogging that hinders dewatering (known as dead‐end filtration) is overcome by adding to the flocculated PEDOT:PSS dispersion carbon fibers that aggregate and form efficient water channels. Moreover, this enables fast formation of thick layers under simple atmospheric pressure filtration, thus making the process truly scalable. Thick freestanding PEDOT films thus obtained are used as electrocatalysts for efficient reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, a promising green chemical and fuel. The inhomogeneity of the films does not affect their electrochemical function.
Bioinspired Nanocomposites with Self‐Adaptive Stress Dispersion for Super‐Foldable Electrodes
Authors: Zan Guangtao , Wu Tong , Zhang Zhenlei , Li Jing , Zhou Junchen , Zhu Feng , Chen Hanxing , Wen Ming , Yang Xiuchun , Peng Xiaojun , Chen Jun , Wu Qingsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn flexible electronics, appropriate inlaid structures for stress dispersion to avoid excessive deformation that can break chemical bonds are lacking, which greatly hinders the fabrication of super‐foldable composite materials capable of sustaining numerous times of true‐folding. Here, mimicking the microstructures of both cuit cocoon possessing super‐flexible property and Mimosa leaf featuring reversible scatheless folding, super‐foldable C‐web/FeOOH‐nanocone (SFCFe) conductive nanocomposites are prepared, which display cone‐arrays on fiber structures similar to Mimosa leaf, as well as non‐crosslinked junctions, slidable nanofibers, separable layers, and compressible network like cuit cocoon. Remarkably, the SFCFe can undergo over 100 000 times of repeated true‐folding without structural damage or electrical conductivity degradation. The mechanism underlying this super‐foldable performance is further investigated by real‐time scanning electron microscopy folding characterization and finite‐element simulations. The results indicate its self‐adaptive stress‐dispersion mechanism originating from multilevel biomimetic structures. Notably, the SFCFe demonstrates its prospect as a super‐foldable anode electrode for aqueous batteries, which shows not only high capacities and satisfactory cycling stability, but also completely coincident cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge curves throughout the 100 000 times of true‐folding. This work reports a mechanical design considering the self‐adaptive stress dispersion mechanism, which can realize a scatheless super‐foldable electrode for soft‐matter electronics.
High Speed Response Organic Photodetectors with Cascade Buffer Layers
Authors: Suganuma Naotoshi , Heo Chul‐Joon , Minami Daiki , Yun Sungyoung , Park Sungjun , Lim Younhee , Fang Feifei , Choi Byoungki , Park Kyung‐Bae 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic photodiodes (OPDs) with improved photo‐response characteristics are reported, which are an important performance indicator. The photo response characteristics of OPDs depend on the decay rate of current due to charge carriers remaining inside the device even after interruption of the irradiated light. In this study, the effect of improving the response speed of OPDs is experimentally investigated by applying a cascade HTL to the hole‐extraction interface and investigated that the introduction of multi‐layered hole transport layers (HTLs) with a stepwise energy profile, called cascade shape profile, is effective in reducing the decay time of the remaining charges. For a two‐layered cascade HTL OPD, the amount of remaining photo‐current is minimized, equivalent to less than 70% that of single‐layered HTL OPDs, when the highest‐occupied‐molecular‐orbital (HOMO) level gaps among anode (indium tin oxide), HTL1, HTL2, and the p‐type semiconductor are close to equal (Φ1 ≈ Φ2 ≈ Φ3). A cascade HTL does not negatively affect the sensitivity of OPDs, suggesting that it provides a promising means of achieving practical organic image sensors.
Certifier competition and audit grades: An empirical examination using food safety certification
Authors: Zheng Yuqing , Bar Talia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThird‐party certification bodies (CBs) audit companies to determine compliance with standards. Using panel data from the British Retail Consortium food program, a leading international food safety standard for manufacturers, we empirically examine determinants of audit grades. We show that on average, audit grades are lower the first‐time manufacturers certify, consistent with certification improving food safety practices. Small manufacturers are disadvantaged compared with large (multisite) producers who obtain on average higher grades. We also test and support the hypothesis that a higher degree of CB competition leads to higher grades, raising concern for a potential conflict of interest in certification.
Gender dynamics around introduction of improved forages in Kenya and Ethiopia
Authors: Njuguna‐Mungai Esther , Omondi Immaculate , Galiè Alessandra , Jumba Humphrey , Derseh Melkamu , Paul Birthe K. , Zenebe Mesfin , Juma Alfred , Duncan Alan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImproved forages of genus Brachiaria and Panicum grasses were introduced to men and women farmers in western Kenya and southern Ethiopia. To provide an understanding of the social and demographic characteristics of farming systems, a household survey was implemented in 2018/2019. In 2020, a complementary qualitative study was conducted to understand: (a) gender dynamics in accessing forage planting materials: (b) role of forage trait preferences, and (c) how the introduction of forage varieties influences gender relations in households. Forage seed/splits were accessed through women's groups. In Kenya, men and women were advised to source more forage seeds from private seed companies for scaling. In Ethiopia, men prioritized “fast regrowth” and women “nutritious biomass” traits; in Kenya, men prioritized “nutritious biomass” and women “how fast forage splits could be established” traits. The sale of the forage cuttings appeared to provide promising marketing opportunities for women, who were able to control the income generated. The introduction of improved forages, which are grown close to homesteads, reduced the time men and boys spent grazing livestock while increasing the time women and girls spent harvesting fodder. Following gender sensitivity training provided alongside forage introductions, Ethiopian men reported being involved in forage harvesting, chopping, and feeding against prevailing norms while the Kenyan women took on greater decision‐making roles. These positive outcomes in gender equity suggest that the integration of gender and forage technology trainings can secure significant gains not only for women, but also for the men in the households.
A case series of paediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I undergoing scoliosis correction surgery
Authors: Kong Kam Wa T. , Holmes C. , O’Brien K. 
Published: November 2021

SummarySpinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular disorder with degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Type I is a severe variant that was recently shown to be amenable to treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen. As a result of increased life expectancy with this treatment, more children with spinal muscular atrophy type I are presenting for spinal correction surgery. In this case series, we present four such patients who underwent spinal surgery at our institution over the course of one year. Pre‐operative assessment showed evidence of reduced respiratory function requiring nocturnal non‐invasive ventilation in all four patients. A difficult airway was encountered in two of the four patients. Postoperative complications were ubiquitous and included CSF leak, poor wound healing, metal frame exposure, frame instability and wound infection. There were no postoperative respiratory complications and all four children returned to their respiratory baseline postoperatively. All patients underwent successful lumbar puncture and intrathecal nusinersen injection following their spinal surgeries. Given the risk of complications and prolonged recovery following spinal surgery, a detailed family discussion is advisable.
Experimental study Char‐NO reduction characteristics at elevated pressure
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Wang Yuankai , Chen Mengshi , Zhao Yijun , Sun Shaozeng , Feng Dongdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to decouple the reduction process of Char‐NO under pressurized conditions, a pressurized horizontal tube furnace experimental system was used to explore the NO reduction characteristics of pressurized pyrolysis char samples prepared under different conditions (0.3–1.2 MPa, 800–1000°C, 0.3–3.0 s). The research results showed that increasing pyrolysis pressure/temperature/residence time can inhibit the Char‐NO characteristics. When the environmental pressure increased, the reduction rate of NO gradually increased. As the reduction time increased, the total reduction of NO and the contents of C(N) structure on the surface of the residual char samples increased, some N‐5 structure with poor thermal stability would gradually undergo condensation polymerization to form N‐6 and N‐Q structures under the high temperature/high pressure conditions. Under the real pressurized conditions, the effect of reducing NO by char samples was the best at 0.6 MPa under real pressurized conditions in the pressure range of 0.3–1.2 MPa.
Extrusion‐based 3D printing with high‐density polyethylene Birch‐fiber composites
Authors: Koffi Agbelenko , Toubal Lotfi , Jin Minde , Koffi Demagna , Döpper Frank , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Neuber Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most widely used semi‐crystalline polyolefin thermoplastics. However, 3D printing with this material remains rare because of massive shrinkage and poor adhesion to common 3D printing build surfaces. In this study, shrinkage and warping were overcome by blending in short fibers of yellow birch at 10–30 wt% along with a coupling agent. Square tubes were printed to measure deformation and mechanical properties of this composite material. Deformation was reduced by 80% in material containing 30 wt% wood compared to neat HDPE. Young's modulus increased respectively by 25%, 30%, and 35% as the filler content increased to 10, 20, and 30 wt%. This is the first known successful 3D printing with wood‐fiber HDPE composite.
Preliminary data on fish hosts and their conservation importance for the critically endangered Pseudunio marocanus (Pallary, 1918)
Authors: Benaissa Hassan , Ghamizi Mohamed , Teixeira Amílcar , Sousa Ronaldo , Rassam Hanane , Varandas Simone , Lopes‐Lima Manuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Pseudunio marocanus (Pallary, 1918) is an endemic species of Morocco and is considered one of the world’s 100 most threatened species. The life cycle of this critically endangered freshwater mussel remains unknown. However, knowledge about the discharge period of its larvae and its ecological fish hosts is crucial to adopt more effective conservation strategies.
Given this information gap, monitoring the presence of P. marocanus glochidia in fish from the Laabid River was carried out from January to May 2019 to determine the larvae discharge period. Two different approaches were used to assess the fish hosts of P. marocanus: (i) the determination of glochidia infestation rates of fishes in situ through monthly (from January to May) sampling in the Laabid River (Oum Er Rbia basin); and (ii) artificial infestation in laboratory trials using four fish species.
A peak in glochidia discharge was observed at the end of February. Fully metamorphosed juveniles were detected in all native fish species, i.e. Luciobarbus ksibi (Boulenger, 1905), Carasobarbus fritschii (Günther, 1874), Luciobarbus zayanensis Doadrio, Casal‐lopez & Yahyaoui, 2016, and Pterocapoeta maroccana Günther, 1874.
For the first time, the glochidia discharge period and the fish hosts of P. marocanus were determined, and this information is vital to implement future conservation measures (i.e. propagation, reinforcement of populations, possible reintroductions of P. marocanus, careful management of river flow by upstream dams, and the prohibition of fishing activities during the critical glochidia discharge period).
Given the increasing human pressure on freshwater habitats and biodiversity in Morocco, it is essential to preserve the native ichthyofauna to conserve this rare pearl mussel species.
WISE‐NVSS selected obscured and ultraluminous quasars with compact radio jets
Authors: Patil Pallavi , Whittle Mark , Nyland Kristina , Lonsdale Carol , Lacy Mark , Kimball Amy , Lonsdale Colin , Peters Wendy , Clarke Tracy E. , Efstathiou Andreas , Giacintucci Simona , Kim Minjin , Lanz Lauranne , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Polisensky Emil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractActive galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback at is believed to take place in the presence of thick columns of gas and dust, leading to heavily obscured systems that are challenging to detect at optical and X‐ray wavelengths but are transparent at radio and mid‐IR (MIR) wavelengths. MIR color diagnostics using the widefield infrared space explorer (WISE) observations can identify the most luminous and heavily obscured AGNs, which are believed to represent a transient phase of rapid massive black hole growth. By combining both mid‐IR and radio diagnostics, we have identified a sample of 155 ultraluminous and obscured quasars selected to have extremely red mid‐IR colors in WISE and compact, bright ( mJy) radio emission in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty‐one centimeters (FIRST). High‐resolution very large array (VLA) imaging has revealed compact source morphologies on angular scales (1.7 kpc at ) for the majority of our sources. Broadband radio spectra of the entire sample, constructed from our 10 GHz VLA observations and archival radio data show that 63% of the sample has peaked or curved spectral shapes consistent with those typically seen in young radio AGN (e.g., gigahertz peaked spectrum [GPS] and compact steep spectrum [CSS] sources). Overall, our sample is consistent with a population of recently triggered, young radio jets caught in a unique evolutionary stage in which they reside in a dense interstellar medium (ISM).
Down‐conversion luminescence and temperature sensing characteristics of LaSrGaO4:Er3+
Authors: Liu Mimeng , Li Qinshan , Ma Qiang , Shi Jinlong , Wen Chong , Xing Zhenhua , Zhao Jinxin , Wang Zhijun , Wang Dawei , Li Panlai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractErbium(III) ion (Er3+) has abundant energy levels that can emit light covering a quite broad wavelength range in many hosts. Here we synthesized LaSrGaO4:Er3+ phosphors by a high‐temperature solid‐state method. Upon excitation at the ultraviolet (UV) band, LaSrGaO4:Er3+ phosphors could emit green, red and near‐infrared emission simultaneously. The temperature dependent emission characteristics of the as‐prepared samples was then studied and two kinds of luminescent ratiometric thermometry were constructed. The first one is on the basis of two green emission bands that stems from the 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+. The intensity ratio between these two emission bands was found to follow well with the Boltzmann distribution, and its maximum relative sensitivity was calculated to be 0.84% K−1 at 299 K. The other one depends on the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ and self‐luminescence of the host LaSrGaO4, considering that these two emission lines have different temperature response. The relative sensitivity of this type of luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) thermometry could reach 1.86% K−1 at 299 K, we have successfully developed materials with one of the largest relative sensitivities to date, which provides some basis for the subsequent development of a new type of non‐contact temperature sensor.