bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Long-Term Triclosan Exposure on Microbiota in Zebrafish
Authors: Tang Ning , Fan Pianpian , Yu Xiaogang , Ma Rui , Tao Yexuan , Wang Weiye , Ouyang Fengxiu 
Published: October 2021

Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antibacterial agent in personal care products and is ubiquitous in the environment. We aimed to examine whether TCS exposure affects microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish.Methods: After exposure to TCS 0 (Dimethyl Sulphoxide, DMSO control), 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 100, and 300ng/ml, respectively, from day 0 to 120days post fertilization (dpf), or for 7days in adult 4-month zebrafish, the long- and short-term impact of TCS exposure on the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing.Results: The top two most dominant microbiota phyla were Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria phylum in all zebrafish groups. In TCS exposure 0–120 dpf, compared with DMSO control, the mean number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was 54.46 lower (p&lt;0.0001), Chao indice 41.40 lower (p=0.0004), and Ace indice 34.10 lower (p=0.0044) in TCS 300ng/ml group, but no change was observed in most of the other TCS concentrations. PCoA diagram showed that the microbial community in the long-term TCS 300ng/ml exposure group clustered differently from those in the DMSO control and other TCS exposure groups. A shorter body length of the zebrafish was observed in the long-term TCS exposure at 0.03, 100, and 300ng/ml. For 7-day short-term exposure in adult zebrafish, no difference was observed in alpha or beta diversity of microbiota nor the relative abundance of Proteobacteria or Fusobacteria phylum among DMSO control and any TCS levels, but a minor difference in microbial composition was observed for TCS exposure.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high TCS concentration in a window from early embryonic life to early adulthood may reduce diversity and alter the composition of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of short-term TCS exposure was not observed on the diversity of microbiota but there was a minor change of microbial composition in adult zebrafish with TCS exposure.
Tumor Microenvironment Characterization in Breast Cancer Identifies Prognostic and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Relevant Signatures
Authors: Ji Fei , Yuan Jiao-Mei , Gao Hong-Fei , Xu Ai-Qi , Yang Zheng , Yang Ci-Qiu , Zhang Liu-Lu , Yang Mei , Li Jie-Qing , Zhu Teng , Cheng Min-Yi , Wu Si-Yan , Wang Kun 
Published: October 2021

Immune response which involves distinct immune cells is associated with prognosis of breast cancer. Nonetheless, less study have determined the associations of different types of immune cells with patient survival and treatment response. In this study, A total of 1,502 estrogen receptor(ER)-negative breast cancers from public databases were used to infer the proportions of 22 subsets of immune cells. Another 320 ER-negative breast cancer patients from Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital were also included and divided into the testing and validation cohorts. CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and M1 macrophages were associated with favourable outcome (all p &lt;0.01), whereas Treg cells were strongly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.005). Using the LASSO model, we classified patients into the stromal immunotype A and B subgroups according to immunoscores. The 10 years OS and DFS rates were significantly higher in the immunotype A subgroup than immunotype B subgroup. Stromal immunotype was identified as an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis in all cohorts and was also related to pathological complete response(pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The nomogram that integrated the immunotype and clinicopathologic features showed good predictive accuracy for pCR and discriminatory power. The stromal immunotype A subgroup had higher expression levels of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4) and cytokines (IL-2, INF-γ, and TGF-β). In addition, patients with immunotype A and B diseases had distinct mutation signatures. Therefore, The stromal immunotypes could predict survival and responses of ER-negative breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Radiological and Laboratory Features of Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Immunosuppressive Therapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: Ashida Shinji , Ochi Hirofumi , Hamatani Mio , Fujii Chihiro , Nishigori Ryusei , Kawamura Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Sadayuki , Nakagawa Masanori , Takahashi Ryosuke , Mizuno Toshiki , Kondo Takayuki 
Published: October 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relapsing, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of central nervous system showing marked clinical heterogeneity. Many factors might influence the choice of relapse prevention drug, and treatment response varies among patients. Despite the enlargement of disease-modifying drugs for MS (MS-DMDs), some patients have been treated with corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressant (CS/IS).Objective: To clarify the radiological and laboratory features of MS treated with CS/IS for relapse prevention.Methods: Clinical records including radiological and laboratory findings, and drugs used for relapse prevention were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Out of 92 consecutive MS patients, 25 (27%) were treated with CS/IS. The followings were observed less frequently in patients treated with CS/IS than in those with MS-DMDs: three or more periventricular lesions, ovoid lesions, subcortical lesions, typical contrast-enhancing lesions, negative for serum autoantibodies, and positive for oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of typical contrast-enhancing lesions and positivity for serum autoantibodies were independent factors associated with CS/IS prescription (odds ratio 25.027 and 14.537, respectively).Conclusion: In this cohort of Japanese patients clinically diagnosed with MS, radiological and serological findings atypical of MS were observed more frequently in patients treated with CS/IS than in those with MS-DMDs as a part of MS therapy. The absence of contrast-enhancing lesions typical of MS and positivity for serum autoantibodies were independent factors strongly associated with CS/IS use.
The Genotype and Phenotype Features in a Large Chinese MFN2 Mutation Cohort
Authors: Ma Yan , Sun Aping , Zhang Yingshuang , Fan Dongsheng , Liu Xiaoxuan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, which is mostly caused by mutations of themitofusin2(MFN2) gene. As the genotype–phenotype characteristics of CMT2A were still incompletely understood, we further explored the spectrum of CMT2A variants in China and demonstrated their phenotypic diversities.Methods:A total of 402 index patients/families with CMT throughout Mainland China were enrolled in this study. Among them, we analyzed 20 unrelated index cases with CMT2A by Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, or whole-exome sequencing. Detailed clinical and genetic features of CMT2A patients were collected and analyzed. Of note,de novomutations were not rare in MFN2 gene; we compared the clinical features of patients from thede novogroup with those from the non-de novogroup.Results:We identified 20 MFN2 variants, occupying 5.0% of CMT. Most patients presented with early onset and moderate phenotype with abnormal gait and foot drop as the main complaints at onset. Pyramidal signs accounts for 31.6% (6/19) in all patients, which is not uncommon. Four novel variants (p.Tyr752*, c.475-2A&gt;G, p.Val99Met, and p.Arg275_Gln276insArg) were identified in the cohort. Besides,de novovariants occupied 35.0% (7/20) in our study with a much earlier age at onset compared with those in the non-de novogroup (p= 0.021).Conclusion:Chinese CMT2A is a predominant typical pure CMT2A, with early onset and mild to moderate phenotype. Given the high frequency ofde novoMFN2 mutations, genetic study should be considered for patients with early onset and severe idiopathic axonal neuropathy.
Time Course of Perceived Visual Distortion and Axial Length Growth in Myopic Children Undergoing Orthokeratology
Authors: Liu Guihua , Wu Yiyuan , Bi Hua , Wang Biying , Gu Tianpu , Du Bei , Tong Jianliang , Zhang Bin , Wei Ruihua 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To establish the time course of the subjective visual function changes during the first month of orthokeratology treatment in myopic children, and to investigate how the time course variations are associated with the objective optical quality changes and the axial length growth (ALG) after 1 year of treatment.Methods: A total of 58 myopic children aged from 8 to 16 years participated in this self-controlled prospective study. All subjects were fitted with designed spherical four-zone orthokeratology lenses. Subjective visual function was evaluated with orientation discrimination threshold (ODT), and objective optical quality was quantified with the high-order aberration root-mean-square (HOA-RMS) and the changing speed of HOA. The measurements were done before the lens fitting and 1 day, 1-, 2-, and 4-weeks after lens wear. Axial length was obtained at baseline and 1-year follow-up, and ALG was defined as the difference. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the difference for statistical analysis.Results: After lens fitting, the ODT time courses peaked on day 1 in 28 children, 1 week in 15 children, 2 weeks in 11 children, and 4 weeks in 4 children. In contrast, the HOA-RMS steadily rose during the first month, and the changing speed of HOA was only transiently elevated on day 1 after the initial lens wear. The ALG was 0.12 ± 0.20 mm in subjects whose ODT peaked at day 1, 0.08 ± 0.09 mm in subjects whose ODT peaked on 1-week, and 0.12 ± 0.15 mm in subjects whose ODT peaked on 2-week or later. There was no difference in axial growth among the subjects whose ODT peaked at different days (P = 0.734).Conclusion: While half ODT time course resembled the changing speed of HOA with a transient elevation on day 1, about a quarter of the ODT time course resemble the steadily rising of HOA-RMS, and the rest was located in the middle. The ALGs in children with different types of ODT time courses were similar.
Patterns of Legume Purchases and Consumption in the United States
Authors: Semba Richard D. , Rahman Nihaal , Du Shutong , Ramsing Rebecca , Sullivan Valerie , Nussbaumer Elizabeth , Love David , Bloem Martin W. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Legumes are an inexpensive, healthy source of protein, fiber, and micronutrients, have low greenhouse gas and water footprints, and enrich soil through nitrogen fixation. Although higher legume consumption is recommended under US dietary guidelines, legumes currently comprise only a minor part of the US diet.Objectives: To characterize the types of legumes most commonly purchased by US consumers and patterns of legume purchases by state and region, seasonality of legume purchases, and to characterize adults that have a higher intake of legumes.Methods: We examined grocery market, chain supermarket, big box and club stores, Walmart, military commissary, and dollar store retail scanner data from Nielsen collected 2017–2019 and dietary intake from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2017–2018.Results: The five leading types of legumes purchased in the US were pinto bean, black bean, kidney bean, lima bean, and chickpea. The mean annual per capita expenditure on legumes based on grocery purchases was $4.76 during 2017–2019. The annual per capita expenditure on legumes varied greatly by state with highest expenditure in Louisiana, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and lowest expenditure in Washington, New York, and Wisconsin. There were large regional differences in the most commonly purchased legumes. Of 4,741 adults who participated in the 24-h dietary recall in NHANES, 2017–2018, 20.5% reported eating any legumes in the previous 24 h. Those who consumed legumes were more likely to be Hispanic, with a higher education level, with a larger household size (all P &lt; 0.05), but were not different by age, gender, or income level compared to those who did not consume legumes.Conclusion: Although legumes are inexpensive, healthy, and a sustainable source of protein, per capita legume intake remains low in the US and below US dietary guidelines. Further insight is needed into barriers to legume consumption in the US.
Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Lin Sheng-Feng , Fan Yen-Chun , Pan Wen-Harn , Bai Chyi-Huey 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Bone and lean mass loss and cognitive impairment are prevalent in elder adults and have been hypothesized to share a potential link.Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study systemically sampled elder adults aged ≥65 years and conducted the door-to-door survey. The causal diagrams help to decide which covariates were included in the generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed for the validation.Results: A total of 535 participants were enrolled and categorized into the normal (67.3%), mild cognitive impairment (18.3%), and dementia groups (14.4%). With increasing in the severity of cognitive impairment, the bone marrow density and lean mass consistently showed the trend of decreasing values. In the GLMMs, a significant association existed between the decrease of the bone mineral density (BMD) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β = 5.819 scores per g/cm2 decrease, p = 0.0305) with adjustment of the age, sex, and physical activity. The SEM models confirmed that the MMSE was significantly and directly predicted by the age (β = 0.1363, p = 0.0003) and BMD (β = 0.1251, p = 0.0006) independently and indirectly predicted by lean mass (β = 0.1138, p = 0.0003) through the bone density path.Conclusion: In conclusion, an independent association between bone loss and cognitive impairment was existed rather than the confounding effect and the decrease of lean mass indirectly contributed to cognitive impairment by influencing the bone density.
Clinical and CT Radiomics Nomogram for Preoperative Differentiation of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma From Tuberculoma in Solitary Solid Nodule
Authors: Zhuo Yaoyao , Zhan Yi , Zhang Zhiyong , Shan Fei , Shen Jie , Wang Daoming , Yu Mingfeng 
Published: October 2021

AimTo investigate clinical and computed tomography (CT) radiomics nomogram for preoperative differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) from lung tuberculoma (LTB) in patients with pulmonary solitary solid nodule (PSSN).Materials and MethodsA total of 313 patients were recruited in this retrospective study, including 96 pathologically confirmed LAC and 217 clinically confirmed LTB. Patients were assigned at random to training set (n = 220) and validation set (n = 93) according to 7:3 ratio. A total of 2,589 radiomics features were extracted from each three-dimensional (3D) lung nodule on thin-slice CT images and radiomics signatures were built using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. The predictive nomogram was established based on radiomics and clinical features. Decision curve analysis was performed with training and validation sets to assess the clinical usefulness of the prediction model.ResultsA total of six clinical features were selected as independent predictors, including spiculated sign, vacuole, minimum diameter of nodule, mediastinal lymphadenectasis, sex, and age. The radiomics nomogram of lung nodules, consisting of 15 selected radiomics parameters and six clinical features showed good prediction in the training set [area under the curve (AUC), 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99–1.00] and validation set (AUC, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–1.00). The nomogram model that combined radiomics and clinical features was better than both single models (p &lt; 0.05). Decision curve analysis showed that radiomics features were beneficial to clinical settings.ConclusionThe radiomics nomogram, derived from unenhanced thin-slice chest CT images, showed favorable prediction efficacy for differentiating LAC from LTB in patients with PSSN.
Influence of Old Age on Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis and Survival in Patients With T1 Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Ye Hua , Zheng Bin , Zheng Qi , Chen Ping 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundWe aimed at determining the influence of old age on lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognosis in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsWe collected data from eligible patients in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. Independent predictors of LNM were identified by logistic regression analysis. Cox regression analysis, propensity score-matched analysis, and competing risks analysis were used to analyze the associations between old age and lymph node (LN) status and to validate the prognostic value of old age on cancer-specific survival (CSS).ResultsIn total, 10,092 patients were identified. Among them, 6,423 patients (63.6%) had greater than or equal to 12 examined lymph nodes (LNE ≥12), and 5,777 patients (57.7%) were 65 years or older. The observed rate of LNM was 4.6% (15 out of 325) in T1 CRC elderly patients, with tumor size &lt;3 cm, well differentiated, with negative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and adenocarcinoma. Logistic regression models demonstrated that tumor size ≥3 cm (odds ratio, OR = 1.316, P = 0.038), poorly differentiated (OR = 3.716, P &lt; 0.001), older age (OR = 0.633 for ages 65–79 years, OR = 0.477 for age over 80 years, both P &lt;0.001), and negative CEA level (OR = 0.71, P = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that CSS was not significantly different between elderly patients undergoing radical resection with LNE ≥12 and those with LNE &lt;12 (hazard ratio = 0.865, P = 0.153), which was firmly validated after a propensity score-matched analysis by a competing risks model.ConclusionsThe predictive value of tumor size, grading, primary site, histology, CEA level, and age for LNM should be considered in medical decision making about local resection. We found that tumor size was &lt;3 cm, well differentiated, negative CEA level, and adenocarcinoma in elderly patients with T1 colorectal cancer which was suitable for local excision.
A Clinical Prognostic Model Based on Preoperative Hematological and Clinical Parameters Predicts the Progression of Primary WHO Grade II Meningioma
Authors: Gao Peng , Kong Tengxiao , Zhu Xuqiang , Zhen Yingwei , Li Hongjiang , Chen Di , Yuan Shanpeng , Zhang Dongtao , Jiao Henan , Li Xueyuan , Yan Dongming 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose was to explore the correlation between hematological parameters and the progression of WHO grade II meningioma, and establish a clinical prognostic model based on hematological parameters and clinical prognostic factors to predict the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients.MethodsA total of 274 patients with WHO grade II meningiomas were included. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (192, 70%) and a test cohort (82, 30%). In the training cohort, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis were used to screen for hematological parameters with prognostic value, and the hematological risk model (HRM) was constructed based on these parameters; univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to screen for clinical prognostic factors, and a clinical prognostic model was constructed based on clinical prognostic factors and HRM. The prognostic stability and accuracy of the HRM and clinical prognostic model were verified in the test cohort. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the patients’ different clinical characteristics.ResultsPreoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, albumin-to-globulin ratio, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and lactate dehydrogenase were associated with the PFS of patients. The areas under curve of the HRM were 0.773 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.707–0.839) and 0.745 (95% CI 0.637–0.852) in the training cohort and test cohort, respectively. The progression risk was higher in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group categorized by the optimal cutoff value (2.05) of hematological risk scores. The HRM, age, tumor location, tumor size, peritumoral edema, extent of resection, Ki-67 index, and postoperative radiotherapy were the prognostic factors for the progression of meningiomas. The corrected C-index of the clinical prognosis model was 0.79 in the training cohort. Clinical decision analysis showed that the clinical prognostic model could be used to obtain favorable clinical benefits. In the subgroup analysis, the HRM displayed excellent prognostic stability and general applicability in different subgroups.ConclusionsPreoperative hematological parameters are associated with the postoperative progression of WHO grade II meningiomas. The clinical prognosis model constructed based on hematological parameters and clinical prognostic factors has favorable predictive accuracy and clinical benefits.
Electronic Medical Records as Input to Predict Postoperative Immediate Remission of Cushing’s Disease: Application of Word Embedding
Authors: Zhang Wentai , Li Dongfang , Feng Ming , Hu Baotian , Fan Yanghua , Chen Qingcai , Wang Renzhi 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundNo existing machine learning (ML)-based models use free text from electronic medical records (EMR) as input to predict immediate remission (IR) of Cushing’s disease (CD) after transsphenoidal surgery.PurposeThe aim of the present study is to develop an ML-based model that uses EMR that include both structured features and free text as input to preoperatively predict IR after transsphenoidal surgery.MethodsA total of 419 patients with CD from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled between January 2014 and August 2020. The EMR of the patients were embedded and transformed into low-dimensional dense vectors that can be included in four ML-based models together with structured features. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate the performance of the models.ResultsThe overall remission rate of the 419 patients was 75.7%. From the results of logistic multivariate analysis, operation (p &lt; 0.001), invasion of cavernous sinus from MRI (p = 0.046), and ACTH (p = 0.024) were strongly correlated with IR. The AUC values for the four ML-based models ranged from 0.686 to 0.793. The highest AUC value (0.793) was for logistic regression when 11 structured features and “individual conclusions of the case by doctor” were included.ConclusionAn ML-based model was developed using both structured and unstructured features (after being processed using a word embedding method) as input to preoperatively predict postoperative IR.