bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of Crises, Constitutionalism and Irresponsible Advisers
Authors: Mclean Iain , Peterson Scot 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPermanent private secretaries to the monarch are not elected, nor are they chosen on civil service criteria. They also have no formal legal training, despite the fact that their advice can be vital during constitutional crises. We test Ivor Jennings's claim that private secretaries serve as ‘irresponsible advisers’ to the Crown, who may have influence in political disputes, and whether that influence may serve political interests. Four case studies include the Home Rule crisis, 1910–14; Edward VIII's abdication; the election of 1950; and the dismissal of Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1975.
Women’s empowerment and their experience to food security in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Wei Wei , Sarker Tanwne , Roy Rana , Sarkar Apurbo , Ghulam Rabbany Md. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal discourses have advocated women's empowerment as a means to reduce their own's food insecurity, which is also key development challenges in Bangladesh. However, little empirical research has conducted on this issue, especially in the rural area of Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the relationship of six domains of women's empowerment with their food security in rural Bangladesh using a partial least square structural equation modelling approach. Our empirical analysis indicates that women's accesses to their legal and familial rights and decision‐making roles in households increase their bargaining power over the utilization of resources and to choices of food which significantly and negatively decrease their food insecurity. Moreover, information and communication technologies and infrastructure facilities also negatively and significantly associated with women's food insecurity. However, women's leadership has a negative but not significant effect on their food insecurity, as low self‐esteem rural women feel no ease in publicly addressing their inequalities. By understanding family composition from women's perceptions, the results from our research can assist policymakers to develop more suitable strategies to enhance the empowerment status of rural women and reduce their food insecurity.
How is it between us? Relational ethics and transcendence
Authors: Zigon Jarrett 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I engage the recent debate on transcendence/the transcendental within the anthropology of ethics with the claim that ‘How is it between us?’ is the most fundamental of all ethical questions. In doing so, I contrast relational ethics with ordinary ethics to show that ethics begins with a demand that emerges from a situation within which one finds oneself with others; a demand that pulls one out of oneself to respond in a modality of concern and care for the between where we dwell together. This attuned response is both an ethical and a political one; a response that opens possibilities for being‐together‐otherwise. Such possibilities, I argue throughout, can only begin with a relational ethics. I illustrate this with an ethnographic example from harm reduction practice and anti‐drug war political activity in both New York City and Vancouver, Canada.
Transcriptomic comparison of cypermethrin‐susceptible and ‐tolerant Asian longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann)
Authors: Moon KyungHwan , Kim Woo Jin , Lee JaeSeok , Kim Donghun , Choi Kwang Shik , Lee Si Hyeock , Kim Young Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann), native to northeast Asian regions, was recently confirmed to have invaded the USA. Although H. longicornis is a medically and economically important pest because it transmits various diseases to humans and livestock, its susceptibility to pesticides has not yet been fully investigated. Moreover, minimal genetic data on H. longicornis that could assist in its control are currently available. Therefore, in this study, to investigate the physiological response of H. longicornis to cypermethrin, a field population of H. longicornis was treated with various concentrations of cypermethrin (100–500 ppm), and the transcriptomes of a cypermethrin‐susceptible group (knock‐down at 200 ppm) and cypermethrin‐tolerant group (surviving at 500 ppm) were compared. In our analysis of the genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups of ticks, several genes involved in detoxification metabolism were upregulated in the cypermethrin‐tolerant group. Expression of genes encoding CYP450, GST, and ABC transporters were substantially higher in cypermethrin‐tolerant ticks than in the cypermethrin‐susceptible group. Given that CYP450, GST, and ABC transporters contribute to Phase I, II, and III of the detoxification metabolism process, respectively, our results suggest that H. longicornis responds physiologically to cypermethrin by altering the expression of various genes involved in detoxification metabolism, which in turn increases its tolerance to the cypermethrin.
Narcolepsy and psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Hanin Cyril , Arnulf Isabelle , Maranci Jean‐Baptiste , Lecendreux Michel , Levinson Douglas F. , Cohen David , Laurent‐Levinson Claudine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveNarcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder in which psychotic‐like symptoms can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We aimed to review the association between, and medical management of, narcolepsy and psychosis in children and adults.MethodsWe reviewed the full text of 100 papers from 187 identified by a PubMed search on narcolepsy plus any of these keywords: psychosis, schizophrenia, delusion, side effects, safety, and bipolar disorder.ResultsThree relevant groups are described. (i) In typical narcolepsy, psychotic‐like symptoms include predominantly visual hallucinations at the sleep‐wake transition (experienced as “not real”) and dissociation because of intrusion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phenomena into wakefulness. (ii) Atypical patients (“the psychotic form of narcolepsy”) experience more severe and vivid, apparently REM‐related hallucinations or dream/reality confusions, which patients may rationalize in a delusion‐like way. (iii) Some patients have a comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorder with psychotic symptoms unrelated to sleep. Psychostimulants used to treat narcolepsy may trigger psychotic symptoms in all three groups. We analyzed 58 published cases from groups 2 and 3 (n = 17 and 41). Features that were reported significantly more frequently in atypical patients include visual and multimodal hallucinations, sexual and mystical delusions, and false memories. Dual diagnosis patients had more disorganized symptoms and earlier onset of narcolepsy.ConclusionEpidemiological studies tentatively suggest a possible association between narcolepsy and schizophrenia only for very early‐onset cases, which could be related to the partially overlapping neurodevelopmental changes observed in these disorders. We propose a clinical algorithm for the management of cases with psychotic‐like or psychotic features.
Comparative efficacy of medical treatments for vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children and young adults: a systematic review with network meta‐analyses
Authors: Rasmussen Marie Louise Roed , Schou Marianne Guldager , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Heegaard Steffen , Jørgensen Christel Asserina Bjerregaard , Kessel Line , Wiencke Anne Katrine , Subhi Yousif 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo systematically review the literature on the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in children and young adults and conduct comparative efficacy analysis on clinical signs and symptoms using network meta‐analyses.MethodsWe systematically searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and Web of Science on 21 October 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCT). Studies considered had patients with VKC < 20 years of age randomized into either intervention (any medical intervention) or comparator (active treatment, placebo treatment or non‐treatment control), where pre‐defined outcomes (data from ≥2 weeks and as close as possible to 2 months) of symptoms (itching, tearing, photophobia and foreign body sensation) and signs (hyperaemia, punctate keratitis, Horner‐Trantas dots and macropapillae) were reported. Risk of bias within studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Comparisons were made using network meta‐analyses.ResultsWe identified 39 studies with data on 2046 individuals. Twenty‐three studies were eligible for quantitative analyses. None were systemic therapy. Temporal trend analysis showed that an initial focus on topical mast cell stabilizers turned to a focus on calcineurin inhibitors and a more diverse variety of pharmacological strategies. Studies varied in population, treatment duration and quality. The quantitative analysis revealed that efficacy of different therapies differed substantially across important clinical signs and symptoms, but there was a general trend of superior efficacy when using topical corticosteroids with stronger efficacy of the more potent corticosteroids.ConclusionWe provide an overview of RCTs comparing the efficacy of treatments for VKC in children and young adults, which we find differs across symptoms and signs. Overall, we saw a general trend of superior efficacy with topical corticosteroids. However, our findings highlight the need for better studies, consensus on core outcomes and potential for individualized therapy.
Highly sensitive adolescents: The relationship between weekly life events and weekly socioemotional well‐being
Authors: Iimura Shuhei 
Published: March 2021

Recent research into Person × Environment interaction has supported the view that sensitivity to environmental influences is a susceptibility factor rather than a vulnerability factor. Given this perspective, this study examined the role of the adolescent’s sensory‐processing sensitivity in the context of weekly life events and weekly socioemotional well‐being. In the study, 114 adolescents repeatedly self‐reported their sensitivity, recent life events, and recent socioemotional well‐being in four surveys at one‐week intervals. The results suggested the shape of Sensitivity × Life Events interaction significantly varied from week to week, which is consistent with the vantage sensitivity and diathesis–stress framework. In specific weeks, adolescents with high sensitivity are more likely to benefit from positive events than those with low sensitivity. These sensitive adolescents can be described as developmentally susceptibility rather than vulnerability.
Patient perspectives on recall period and response options in patient‐reported outcome measures for chronic rhinosinusitis symptomatology: A pilot study
Authors: Gengler Isabelle , Kavoosi Tazheh A. , McCann Adam C. , Trope Michal , Lindsey Brentley A. , Speth Marlene M. , Sassler Alfred M. , Seiden Allen M. , Phillips Katie M. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivePatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) employ a variety of recall periods and response scales for reporting CRS symptom burden. CRS patient perspective is unknown with respect to recall periods and response scales in PROMs.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary rhinology clinic.ParticipantsSixty three adults with CRS.Main outcome measuresParticipants were asked to choose which CRS symptom recall period—1 day, 2 weeks, 1 month or greater than 1 month—was most reflective of their current disease state and best to base treatment recommendations (including surgery) upon. Participants were also asked to report which of six response scales (one visual analogue scale [VAS] and five Likert scales ranging from four to eight items) were easiest to use and understand, and most preferred.ResultsA majority of participants felt the current state of their CRS symptoms was best reflected by a recall period of 2 weeks to 1 month; however, patients preferred that recommendations about treatments, including endoscopic sinus surgery, be determined by symptoms experienced over at least a one‐month period. Participants generally found the VAS and seven‐item Likert scale to be the easiest to use and understand, and their most preferred scales. No patient characteristics associated with preferences for recall periods or response scales.ConclusionFuture PROMs for CRS symptoms should consider assessment of symptoms over a one‐month time frame and use either a VAS or seven‐item Likert response scale to optimally balance reflection of current disease state, need for intervention and patient preference.
Reactions to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for the management of adolescent obesity: A multi‐informant qualitative approach
Authors: Darling Katherine E. , Warnick Jennifer , Hadley Wendy , Guthrie Kate , Jelalian Elissa 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has set forth recommendations for clinicians to screen youth (6‐18 years) for obesity. Those identified should be referred to comprehensive weight management programs consisting of at least 26 contact hours and focus on multiple targets of behaviour (ie, diet, physical activity, behaviour change). However, these recommendations are primarily based upon outcomes from randomized controlled trials and the feasibility of meeting these guidelines for adolescents in a clinical setting is unknown. The present study employed a multi‐informant qualitative approach with adolescents, parents, and physicians, to identify and understand multiple perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of implementing the USPSTF guidelines. In‐depth interviews with seven adolescents, seven parents, and four physicians were analysed. Generally, participants viewed the guidelines positively but identified changes that may be necessary to increase the feasibility of adolescents engaging in programs that meet these guidelines. Participants also noted the importance of flexibility within programs, indicating that it would be difficult for many adolescents to participate in a program that was not tailored to their needs and resources. Future research should focus on adapting clinical weight management programs to meet both USPSTF guidelines and the needs of adolescents and their families.
A “holistic” sonographic view on congenital heart disease: How automatic reconstruction using fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography eases unveiling of abnormal cardiac anatomy part II—Left heart anomalies
Authors: Weichert Jan , Weichert Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVolume ultrasound has been shown to provide valid complementary information on fetal anatomy. Four‐dimensional assessment (4D) of the fetal cardiovascular system using spatial–temporal image correlation (STIC) allows for detailed examination of a highly complex organ from the early second trimester onward. There is compelling evidence that this technique harbors quite a number of diagnostic opportunities, but manual navigation through STIC volume datasets is highly operator dependent. In fact, STIC is not incorporated yet into daily practice. Application of the novel fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) considerably simplifies fetal cardiac volumetric examinations. This automatic technique applied on cardiac volume datasets reportedly has both high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Part I reviewed current data regarding detection rates of CHDs and illustrated the additional value of an automatic approach in delineating cardiac anatomy exemplified by congenital lesions of the right heart. In part II of this pictorial essay, we focused on left heart anomalies and aimed to tabulate recent findings on the quantification of normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy.
Separating EEG correlates of stress: Cognitive effort, time pressure, and social‐evaluative threat
Authors: Ehrhardt Nina M. , Fietz Julia , Kopf‐Beck Johannes , Kappelmann Nils , Brem Anna‐Katharine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex is a key player in stress response regulation. Electroencephalographic (EEG) responses, such as a decrease in frontal alpha and an increase in frontal beta power, have been proposed to reflect stress‐related brain activity. However, the stress response is likely composed of different parts such as cognitive effort, time pressure, and social‐evaluative threat, which have not been distinguished in previous studies. This distinction, however, is crucial if we aim to establish reliable tools for early detection of stress‐related conditions and monitoring of stress responses throughout treatment. This randomized cross‐over study (N = 38) aimed to disentangle EEG correlates of stress. With linear mixed models accounting for missing values in some conditions, we found a decrease in frontal alpha and increase in beta power when performing the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; cognitive effort; n = 32) compared to resting state (n = 33). No change in EEG power was found when the PASAT was performed under time pressure (n = 29) or when adding social‐evaluative threat (video camera; n = 29). These findings suggest that frontal EEG power can discriminate stress from resting state but not more fine‐grained differences of the stress response.
The right to the “possibility of acquiring rights”: Cosmopolitan right and migration in Fichte's doctrine of right
Authors: Picardi Roberta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay aims to bring to light the distinctive features of Fichte's construal of cosmopolitan right in the Foundations of Natural Right—in comparison to Kant's—in the light of the current philosophical debate on migration and global justice. The paper is articulated in three steps. First, it analyzes the addressees and content of Fichte's cosmopolitan right by emphasizing its limited scope: by focusing on those individuals who do not come “from any state,” Fichte's discussion of cosmopolitan right foreruns Arendt's philosophical theorization of statelessness and the “right to have rights.” Second, it considers Fichte's justification of cosmopolitan right—and its compatibility with his justification of private property rights—by stressing its ontological anchoring in the notions of “absolute will,” “personhood,” and “original right.” Finally, the essay considers the systematic position of cosmopolitan right with regard to the “right of nations” and the “right of a state” in Fichte's doctrine of right by giving special attention to the range of reasons that, according to Fichte, can legitimate the rejection of a stranger.
Epilepsy in children with Congenital Zika Syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maia César Quadros , Lima William Gustavo , Nizer Waleska Stephanie da Cruz , Ferreira Jaqueline Maria Siqueira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the overall frequency of epilepsy in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and describe the profile of seizures and the response rate to anti‐epileptic treatment in this group of patients.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted following the Cochrane Handbook and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and LILACS were searched until June 23, 2020. Observational studies that evaluated the frequency of epilepsy in children diagnosed with CZS according to international criteria were included in the study.ResultsFourteen studies evaluating 903 patients diagnosed with CZS were pooled in a meta‐analysis. All studies were conducted in Brazil, with reports published between 2016 and 2020, and included children diagnosed with CSZ from 0 to 40 months of age. The overall rate of epilepsy in children diagnosed with CZS was estimated at 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51‐0.68). The studies included in this review show that the frequency of epilepsy in patients with CSZ varies with age, with higher rates in older children. Epileptic spasms was the primary type of seizure observed in this group, followed by focal and generalized crisis. The response rate to anti‐epileptic drugs was considerably low, ranging from 20% of seizure control in the first year and 30% in the second year.SignificanceChildren with CZS presented a high cumulative incidence of epilepsy episodes with increased severity and a low response to anti‐epileptic therapy, which is associated with the extensive damage caused by the Zika virus on the cortical structures of patients.
Epilepsy surgery: Late seizure recurrence after initial complete seizure freedom
Authors: Petrik Stephan , San Antonio‐Arce Victoria , Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Syrbe Steffen , Bast Thomas , Scheiwe Christian , Brandt Armin , Beck Juergen , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to improve understanding of late relapse following epilepsy surgery in pharmacoresistant epilepsy.MethodsRetrospective comparison was made of 99 of 1278 patients undergoing surgery during 1999–2015 with seizure relapses after at least 2 years of complete seizure freedom with matched controls experiencing continued long‐term seizure freedom. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsWith a mean follow‐up of 9.7 years, mean time to seizure relapse was 56.6 months. In multivariate analysis, incomplete resection based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bilateral lesions on preoperative MRI, and epilepsy onset in the first year of life carried a significantly higher risk of late relapse. In patients with late relapse, additional functional imaging with positron emission tomography had been performed significantly more often. Although the differences were not significant in multivariate analysis, doses of antiepileptic drugs were higher in the relapse group preoperatively and in the first 24 months and complete withdrawal was more frequent in the control group (68% vs. 51%). Regarding seizure frequency, most patients had mild seizure relapse (single relapse seizure or <1/month).SignificanceIn our predominantly lesional cohort, complete resection of the MRI lesion is the most important factor to maintain long‐term seizure freedom. Two patterns of recurrence were identified: (1) incomplete resected lesions with seizure generation in proximity to the initial resection and (2) epileptogenic networks not detected preoperatively or evolving in the postoperative interval and manifesting with new clinical and diagnostic features.
Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an adult horse following cardiovascular collapse on recovery from general anaesthesia in the Trendelenburg position
Authors: Duggan M. , Schofield W. , Vermedal H. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEquine anaesthesia is associated with a high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality, particularly in the recovery period. Cardiovascular collapse and cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) have been reported to account for one‐third of anaesthesia‐related perioperative deaths in the horse. This case report describes the successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a healthy adult Thoroughbred mare that developed cardiovascular collapse and subsequent CPA following positioning in the recovery box after general anaesthesia in the Trendelenburg position. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was instigated and included thoracic compressions, intermittent positive pressure ventilation and adrenaline administered via the intravenous and intra‐tracheal routes. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was detected 5 min and 50 s after the start of CPR. A stable stance was achieved approximately 100 min after ROSC. The mare was discharged from the hospital 3 days later with no known complications. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report documenting CPA following general anaesthesia in the Trendelenburg position in a horse, with subsequent successful CPR. The precise cause of the CPA is unknown but a number of plausible hypothesis are discussed including hypoventilation and a Bezold‐Jarisch reflex.