bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender-specific lethality due to carbon monoxide poisoning in Morocco
Authors: Chahboune Mohammed , Khadmaoui Abderrazzak , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Mokhtari Abdelrhani , Nshimiyimana François Xavier , Soulaymani-Bencheikh Rachida 
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study is to assess trends in death cases caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and to determine the possible reasons for a risk predisposition for a given sex in the event of a possible trend. In doing so, professionals working in the field of prevention take into account in control programs.
Methods: Study of the regional and national evolution of sex-specific lethalities due to carbon monoxide poisoning based on deaths reported by the Anti-poison Center and Pharmacovigilance (CAPM) in the 16 regions for the period 1999-2013.
Results: The chronological evolution of case-specific mortality rates on the whole shows an increasing trend for both sexes, which is in perfect proportion with the growth of deaths reported because of CO in the different regions. However, the values for the male, whose average for the period studied is 1.106%, are larger than those for females, whose average is only 0.618%. This more masculine tendency of lethalities cannot obviously be attributed to sex, nor to the particularities of deadly human CO exposure since all deaths are accidental and not related to socio-professional characteristics.
Conclusion: The fatal risk in case of CO intoxication seems to favor a rather masculine superiority. This difference in lethality is simply explained by differences in the frequencies of poisoning and their fatal evolutions. Indeed, the quotient would be more masculine since the deaths due to the CO are practically similar for both sexes, whereas the frequency of the intoxications is more feminine.
Determinants of access to primary health care for the elderly in the province of Essaouira
Authors: Mejdouli Hicham , Baali Abdellatif , Amor Hakima , Ouzennou Nadia 
Published: November 2021

Morocco is experiencing demographic and epidemiological changes marked by an increase in the proportion of elderly people accompanied by a growing prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities, thus leading to an increase in the demand for health care. the Moroccan health system therefore faces the challenge of meeting the specific needs of older populations in terms of access to and use of health care services. To achieve this, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a community-based approach, based on primary health care facilities (PHCFs), to the provision of services for older people.
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on a quantitative approach. The survey was carried out via a questionnaire intended for a sample of 739 people aged 60 years and over attending the ESSPs in the province of Essaouira between January and February of the year 2020.
Our study has allowed us to understand the determinants related to the use of PHC by the elderly in the province of Essaouira. These determinants concern the characteristics of the elderly as well as the organisational and institutional aspects of the care offer. The bivariate analysis of the results showed a statistically significant association between the use of PHC by the elderly and the area of residence, gender, level of education, distance travelled to health facilities, quality of reception, and availability of medicines.
Policymakers are called upon to consider the determinants of the use of PHC in order to better address the health needs of older people, and also to respond to WHO guidance in this area.
Carotid Artery Stenosis and Ischemic Strokes in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Oerding Clemens , Uhlmann Frank , Wollmann Johannes , Kaden Ingmar , Wohlfarth Kai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose Ischemic stroke is a relatively rare complication of giant cell arteritis often accompanied by vessel stenosis. Our purpose was to compare the location of internal carotid artery stenosis in GCA patients by performing a literature review suggesting a specific and characteristic pattern.Methods We performed a PubMed research including all articles and cited articles reporting cases and case series about giant cell arteritis patients with internal carotid artery stenosis and ischemic strokes.Results In this case series 39 cases were included. We found a clear tendency of giant cell arteritis-related stenosis to be in the intracranial segments (35/39 (89.7%)). Only in 8/39 (20.5%) patients there was further involvement of extracranial segments. Many cases (27/39 [69.2%]) showed a bilateral involvement.Discussion This literature review reveals a specific pattern of internal carotid artery involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis and ischemic strokes. To our knowledge this pattern has not been reported as a sign strongly pointing toward giant cell arteritis before. We have not found case reports mentioning other common types of vasculitis reporting this involvement pattern.Conclusion Internal carotid artery stenosis and ischemic stroke is a rare complication in patients with giant cell arteritis. Considering the characteristic features of bilateral distal internal carotid artery stenosis giant cell arteritis should be suspected which potentially leads to an early diagnosis and immunotherapy.
Stem Cell–Based Therapies: What Interventional Radiologists Need to Know
Authors: Yu Hyeon , Commander Clayton W. , Stavas Joseph M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the basic units of biological organization, stem cells and their progenitors are essential for developing and regenerating organs and tissue systems using their unique self-renewal capability and differentiation potential into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are consistently present throughout the entire human development, from the zygote to adulthood. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in biology, genetics, and biotechnology to develop stem cell–based therapies using embryonic and adult autologous or allogeneic stem cells for diseases without therapies or difficult to treat. Stem cell–based therapies require optimum administration of stem cells into damaged organs to promote structural regeneration and improve function. Maximum clinical efficacy is highly dependent on the successful delivery of stem cells to the target tissue. Direct image-guided locoregional injections into target tissues offer an option to increase therapeutic outcomes. Interventional radiologists have the opportunity to perform a key role in delivering stem cells more efficiently using minimally invasive techniques. This review discusses the types and sources of stem cells and the current clinical applications of stem cell–based therapies. In addition, the regulatory considerations, logistics, and potential roles of interventional Radiology are also discussed with the review of the literature.
New insights of QTAIM and stress tensor to finding non-competitive/competitive torquoselectivity of cyclobutene
Authors: Momen Roya , Azizi Alireza , Morales-Bayuelo Alejandro , Pazhoohesh Mehdi , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of torquoselectivity through three thermal cyclobutene ring-opening reactions (N1–N3). This research focuses on the nature of the chemical bond, electronic reorganization, predicting non-competitive or competitive reactions, and torquoselectivity preference within Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and stress tensor frameworks. Various theoretical analyses for these reactions, such as metallicity ξ(rb), ellipticity ε, total local energy density H(rb), stress tensor polarizability ℙσ, stress tensor eigenvalue λ3σ, and bond-path length, display differently for non-competitive and competitive reactions as well as for the conrotatory preferences either it is the transition state outward conrotatory (TSout) or transition state inward conrotatory (TSin) directions by presenting degeneracy or non-degeneracy in their results. The ellipticity profile provides the motion of the bond critical point locations due to the different substituents of cyclobutene. In agreement with experimental results, examinations demonstrated that N1 is a competitive reaction and N2–N3 are non-competitive reactions with TSout and TSin preference directions, respectively. The concordant results of QTAIM and stress tensor scalar and vectors with experimental results provide a better understanding of reaction mechanisms.
Episodic memory enhancement versus impairment is determined by contextual similarity across events
Authors: Cox Wouter R. , Dobbelaar Simone , Meeter Martijn , Kindt Merel , van Ast Vanessa A. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
It is not well understood why and how memories of similar events sometimes strengthen each other, but at other times compete, causing either facilitation or impairment of memory recollection. Reasoning that the environment (spatial context) in which events occur is a critical component of memory function, we show that similar memories strengthen each other’s retrievability when the events occurred in the same context, whereas memories impair each other’s recall when experiences took place across different contexts. Interestingly, these patterns may change or even reverse if contextual cues are present during recall. Our results thus suggest that episodic memory alterations are adjustable rather than permanent, and provide strategies to optimize memory retention and reduce interference in educational and legal settings.
Th17 cell master transcription factor RORC2 regulates HIV-1 gene expression and viral outgrowth
Authors: Wiche Salinas Tomas Raul , Zhang Yuwei , Sarnello Daniele , Zhyvoloup Alexander , Marchand Laurence Raymond , Fert Augustine , Planas Delphine , Lodha Manivel , Chatterjee Debashree , Karwacz Katarzyna , Oxenford Sally , Routy Jean-Pierre , Irlbeck David , Amrine-Madsen Heather , Ancuta Petronela , Fassati Ariberto 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceHIV-1 infects CD4 T cells, and, among these, T helper 17 (Th17) cells are known to be particularly permissive for virus replication. The infection of Th17 cells is critical for AIDS pathogenesis and viral persistence. It is, however, not clear why these cells are highly permissive to HIV-1. We found that Th17 cell permissiveness depends on the expression of the hormone receptor RORC2, which is the master transcriptional regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. We identify RORC2 as a cell-specific host-dependency factor that can be targeted by small molecules. Our results suggest that RORC2 may be a cell-specific target to mitigate the loss of Th17 cells as a consequence of their preferential HIV-1 infection.
Plant–environment microscopy tracks interactions of
Bacillus subtilis
with plant roots across the entire rhizosphere
Authors: Liu Yangminghao , Patko Daniel , Engelhardt Ilonka , George Timothy S. , Stanley-Wall Nicola R. , Ladmiral Vincent , Ameduri Bruno , Daniell Tim J. , Holden Nicola , MacDonald Michael P. , Dupuy Lionel X. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
The lack of suitable approaches for studying root–microbe interactions, live and in situ, has severely limited our ability to understand the rhizosphere. In this study, we overcome this major limitation with an imaging system that combines transparent soils with cutting edge light sheet microscopy. The study revealed that the root cap is a point of first contact for microbes before establishment and reveals how the pore structure influences the patterns of interactions between the microbe and the plant. With the combined use of light sheet microscopy and transparent soils, we shed light on previously unseen interaction phenomena and accelerate the understanding of how rhizospheres are formed.
Liquid walls and interfaces in arbitrary directions stabilized by vibrations
Authors: Apffel Benjamin , Hidalgo-Caballero Samuel , Eddi Antonin , Fort Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceOn Earth, the surface of a liquid is expected to be horizontal due to gravity. However, new equilibria with an arbitrary direction can be created by shaking the bath hard enough at a few tens of Hertz. The inertial forces resulting from the shaking produce an effective gravity in the direction of the forcing that can overcome gravity. The noncompressibility of the liquid limits the interface stability, but this can be alleviated in liquid layers trapped between two air interfaces. Thus, it is possible to obtain stable vertical liquid walls stabilized by horizontal “artificial gravity.” Buoyancy is also stabilized on all these interfaces. These results open the possibility to explore interfacial phenomena in simulated gravity environments.
Mechanical reliability of silicon microstructures
Authors: Tsuchiya Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, an overview of the mechanical reliability of silicon microstructures for micro-electro-mechanical systems is given to clarify what we now know and what we still have to know about silicon as a high-performance mechanical material on the microscale. Focusing on the strength and fatigue properties of silicon, attempts to understand the reliability of silicon and to predict the device reliability of silicon-based microstructures are introduced. The effective parameters on the strength and the mechanism of fatigue failure are discussed with examples of measurement data to show the design guidelines for highly reliable silicon microstructures and devices.
A comparison of pad metallization in miniaturized microfabricated silicon microcantilever-based wafer probes for low contact force low skate on-wafer measurements
Authors: Daffe Khadim , Marzouk Jaouad , Boyaval Christophe , Dambrine Gilles , Hadaddi Kamel , Arscott Steve 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Miniaturized, microfabricated microelectromechanical systems-based wafer probes are used here to evaluate different contact pad metallization at low tip forces (<mN) and low skate on the on-wafer pads. The target application is low force RF probes for on-wafer measurements which cause minimal damage to both probes and pads. Low force enables the use of softer, more conductive metallisation. We have studied four different thin film contact pad metals based on their thin film electrical resistivity and micro-hardness: gold, nickel, molybdenum, and chromium. The contact pads sizes were micrometre (1.9 × 1.9 µm2) and sub-micrometre (0.6 × 0.6 µm2). The contact resistance of Au–Au, Ni–Au, Mo–Au, and Cr–Au was measured as a function of tip deflection. The tip force (loading) of the contacts was evaluated from the deflection of the cantilever. It was observed that an overtravel of 300 nm resulting in a contact force of ∼400 µN was sufficient to achieve a contact resistance <1 Ω for a sub-micrometre gold contact pad. Our results are compared with an analytical model of contact resistance in loaded metal-metal contacts—a reasonable fit was found. A larger contact resistance was observed for the other metals—but their hardness may be advantageous when probing other materials. Using a combination of a rigid silicon cantilever (>1000 Nm−1) and small contact pads enabled us to show that it is the length of the pad (in contact with the surface) which determines the contact resistivity rather than the total contact pad area.
Beta-decay half-lives of the extremely neutron-rich nuclei in the closed-shell N = 50, 82, 126 groups
Authors: Uyen Nguyen Kim , Chae Kyung Yuk , Duy Nguyen Ngoc , Ly Nguyen Duy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The β
−-decay half-lives of extremely neutron-rich nuclei are important for understanding nucleosynthesis in the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). However, most of their half-lives are unknown or very uncertain, leading to the need for reliable calculations. In this study, we updated the coefficients in recent semi-empirical formulae using the newly updated mass (AME2020) and half-life (NUBASE2020) databases to improve the accuracy of the half-life prediction. In particular, we developed a new empirical model for better calculations of the β
−-decay half-lives of isotopes ranging in Z = 10–80 and N = 15–130. We examined the β
−-decay half-lives of the extremely neutron-rich isotopes at and around the neutron magic numbers of N = 50, 82, and 126 using either five different semi-empirical models or finite-range droplet model and quasi-particle random phase approximation method. The β
−-decay rates derived from the estimated half-lives were used in calculations to evaluate the impact of the half-life uncertainties of the investigated nuclei on the abundance of the r-process. The results show that the half-lives mostly range in 0.001 < T
1/2 < 100 s for the nuclei with a ratio of N/Z < 1.9; however, they differ significantly for those with the ratio of N/Z > 1.9. The half-life differences among the models were found to range from a few factors (for N/Z < 1.9 nuclei) to four orders of magnitude (for N/Z > 1.9). These discrepancies lead to a large uncertainty, which is up to four orders of magnitude, in the r-process abundance of isotopes. We also found that the multiple-reflection time-of-flight technique is preferable for precise mass measurements because its measuring timescale applies to the half-lives of the investigated nuclei. Finally, the results of this study are useful for studies on the β-decay of unstable isotopes and astrophysical simulations.
Phenomenology of dark matter and mirror fermions from a left–right mirror model with singlet scalar
Authors: Alam I S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate a left–right mirror model with SU(3)
c
× SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1)
Y
and a discrete

Z

2

symmetry, which introduces mirror fields that are copies of the standard model (SM) fields. The mirror fields have the opposite chirality to their SM counterpart fields. We also introduce singlet scalars as dark matter (DM). The new interaction between DM, SM fermions, and mirror fermions can account for DM abundance, charged lepton flavor violation, lepton anomalous magnetic moment, and flavor changing neutral current. We demonstrated that if we choose DM annihilation into muon as the dominant annihilation channel for leptophilic DM, both the observed DM abundance and the observed discrepancy between theory and experiment in the muon anomalous magnetic moment can be explained without contradicting the bound derived from charged lepton flavor violating processes. We briefly discuss how mirror fermions will be produced at the future linear collider, as mirror fermions can interact with neutral gauge bosons in this model. Finally, we discuss the lightest mirror neutrino decay mechanism, which will be highly abundant if stable.
Wave-packet continuum discretisation for nucleon–nucleon scattering predictions
Authors: Miller Sean B S , Ekström Andreas , Forssén Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we analyse the efficiency, precision, and accuracy of computing elastic nucleon–nucleon (NN) scattering amplitudes with the wave-packet continuum discretisation method (WPCD). This method provides approximate scattering solutions at multiple scattering energies simultaneously. We therefore utilise a graphics processing unit to explore the benefits of this inherent parallelism. From a theoretical perspective, the WPCD method promises a speedup compared to a standard matrix-inversion method. We use the chiral NNLOopt interaction to demonstrate that WPCD enables efficient computation of NN scattering amplitudes provided one can tolerate an averaged method error of 1–5 mb in the total cross section at scattering energies 0–350 MeV in the laboratory frame of reference. Considering only scattering energies ∼40–350 MeV, we find a smaller method error of ≲ 1–2 mb. By increasing the number of wave-packets we can further reduce the overall method error. However, the parallel leverage of the WPCD method will be offset by the increased size of the resulting discretisation mesh. In practice, a GPU-implementation is mainly advantageous for matrices that fit in the fast on-chip shared memory. We find that WPCD is a promising method for computationally efficient, statistical analyses of nuclear interactions from effective field theory, where we can utilise Bayesian inference methods to incorporate relevant uncertainties.
Particle/wall electroviscous effects at the micron scale: comparison between experiments, analytical and numerical models
Authors: Hernández Meza J Manuel , Vélez-Cordero J Rodrigo , Ramírez Saito A , Aranda-Espinoza S , Arauz-Lara José L , Yáñez Soto Bernardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report a experimental study of the motion of 1 μm single particles interacting with functionalized walls at low and moderate ionic strengths conditions. The 3D particle’s trajectories were obtained by analyzing the diffracted particle images (point spread function). The studied particle/wall systems include negatively charged particles interacting with bare glass, glass covered with polyelectrolytes and glass covered with a lipid monolayer. In the low salt regime (pure water) we observed a retardation effect of the short-time diffusion coefficients when the particle interacts with a negatively charged wall; this effect is more severe in the perpendicular than in the lateral component. The decrease of the diffusion as a function of the particle–wall distance h was similar regardless the origin of the negative charge at the wall. When surface charge was screened or salt was added to the medium (10 mM), the diffusivity curves recover the classical hydrodynamic behavior. Electroviscous theory based on the thin electrical double layer (EDL) approximation reproduces the experimental data except for small h. On the other hand, 2D numerical solutions of the electrokinetic equations showed good qualitative agreement with experiments. The numerical model also showed that the hydrodynamic and Maxwellian part of the electroviscous total drag tend to zero as h → 0 and how this is linked with the merging of both EDL’s at close proximity.
Unveiling electronic and magnetic properties of Cu3(SeO3)2Cl2 and Cu3(TeO3)2Br2 oxohalide systems via first-principles calculations
Authors: Lafargue-Dit-Hauret William , Rocquefelte Xavier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Here, we report a theoretical investigation of the electronic and magnetic properties of two oxohalide compounds, namely Cu3(SeO3)2Cl2 and Cu3(TeO3)2Br2, using density functional theory (DFT). These layered systems are characterized by two inequivalent Cu sites, with CuO4 and CuO4
X (X = Cl, Br) environments, respectively. A new magnetic model is proposed through the calculation of the magnetic exchange couplings. Our study discloses the participation of the Se and Te lone-pairs to the long-range magnetic order, providing potential key informations for future chemical design of original magnetic systems.
Iron-based magnetic superconductors AEuFe4As4 (A
= Rb, Cs): natural superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids
Authors: Liu Ya-Bin , Liu Yi , Cao Guang-Han 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Superconductivity (SC) and ferromagnetism (FM) are normally antagonistic, and their coexistence in a single crystalline material appears to be very rare. Over a decade ago, the iron-based pnictides of doped EuFe2As2 were found to render such a coexistence, primarily because of the Fe–3d multi-orbitals which simultaneously satisfy the superconducting pairing and the ferromagnetic exchange interaction among Eu local spins. In 2016, the discovery of the iron-based superconductors AEuFe4As4 (A = Rb, Cs) provided an additional and complementary material basis for the study of the coexistence and the interplay between SC and FM. The two sibling compounds, which can be viewed as an intergrowth or a hybrid between AFe2As2 and EuFe2As2, show SC in the FeAs bilayers at T
c = 35–37 K and magnetic ordering at T
m ∼ 15 K in the sandwiched Eu2+-ion sheets. Below T
m, the Eu2+ spins align ferromagnetically within each Eu plane, making the system as a natural atomic-thick superconductor–ferromagnet superlattice. This paper reviews the main research progress in the emerging topic during the past five years. An outlook for the future research opportunities is also presented.