bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faster than expected: release of nitrogen and phosphorus from decomposing woody litter
Authors: Wijas Baptiste J. , Cornwell William K. , Oberle Brad , Powell Jeff R. , Zanne Amy E. 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Deadwood represents globally important carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools. Current wood nutrient dynamics models are extensions of those developed for leaf litter decomposition. However, tissue structure and dominant decomposers differ between leaf and woody litter, and recent evidence suggests that decomposer stoichiometry, in combination with litter quality, may affect nutrient release.
We quantified decomposition and release of C and nutrients from woody litter for two stem sizes of 22 tree species in a P‐limited temperate forest near Sydney, Australia, and compared these to estimates from leaf litter literature.
Following theory, N and P accumulated during early decomposition, but began to decline earlier than expected based on work in leaves. Woody litter converged on higher C : N (50) and N : P (80) ratios than in leaf litter studies. C : N at which N was released was higher in larger stems (c. 124) than in smaller stems (c. 82), both being higher than in leaf litter.
Drawing from the literature, these differences in N and P dynamics may be due to the identity of wood decomposers. C : N of wood decomposers is higher than the mean C : N of leaf litter decomposers, and this difference in stoichiometry may have important flow‐on effects for nutrient cycles in forests.
Sinomonas gamaensisNEAU‐HV1 remodels the IAA14‐ARF7/19 interaction to promote plant growth
Authors: Fu Yansong , Wang Juexuan , Su Ziwei , Chen Qinyuan , Li Jiaxin , Zhao Junwei , Xuan Wei , Miao Youzhi , Zhang Ji , Zhang Ruifu 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Sinomonas species typically reside in soils or the rhizosphere and can promote plant growth. Sinomonas enrichment in rhizospheric soils is positively correlated with increases in plant biomass. However, the growth promotion mechanisms regulated by Sinomonas remain unclear.
By using soil systems, we studied the growth‐promoting effects of Sinomonas gamaensis NEAU‐HV1 on various plants. Through a combination of phenotypic analyses and microscopic observations, the effects of NEAU‐HV1 on root development were evaluated. We subsequently conducted molecular and genetic experiments to reveal the mechanism promoting lateral root (LR) development.
We demonstrated that NEAU‐HV1 significantly promoted the growth of lettuce, wheat, maize, peanut and Arabidopsis. This effect was associated with multiple beneficial traits, including phosphate solubilization, indole‐3‐acetic acid and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid deaminase production and survival ability in the rhizosphere and within the inner tissue of roots. In addition, NEAU‐HV1 could secrete metabolites to promote LR development by affecting auxin transport and signaling. Importantly, we found that the influence of auxin signaling may be attributed to the remodeling interaction between SOLITARY‐ROOT (SLR)/IAA14 and ARF7/19, occurring independently of the auxin receptor TIR1/AFB2.
Our results indicate that NEAU‐HV1‐induced LR formation is dependent on direct remodeling interactions between transcription factors, providing novel insights into plant–microbe interactions.
Historic rewiring of grass flowering time pathways and implications for crop improvement under climate change
Authors: Verrico Brittany , Preston Jill C. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryGrasses are fundamental to human survival, providing a large percentage of our calories, fuel, and fodder for livestock, and an enormous global carbon sink. A particularly important part of the grass plant is the grain‐producing inflorescence that develops in response to both internal and external signals that converge at the shoot tip to influence meristem behavior. Abiotic signals that trigger reproductive development vary across the grass family, mostly due to the unique ecological and phylogenetic histories of each clade. The time it takes a grass to flower has implications for its ability to escape harsh environments, while also indirectly affecting abiotic stress tolerance, inflorescence architecture, and grain yield. Here, we synthesize recent insights into the evolution of grass flowering time in response to past climate change, particularly focusing on genetic convergence in underlying traits. We then discuss how and why the rewiring of a shared ancestral flowering pathway affects grass yields, and outline ways in which researchers are using this and other information to breed higher yielding, climate‐proof cereal crops.
A Rare Invasive Fungal Osteomyelitis of the Orofacial Region Caused by Curvularia Species–Case Report
Authors: Anand Jawahar , Bodduluri Harshini , Desai Anil Kumar , Sahana B. A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAmid this pandemic, COVID‐19 patients are acquiring secondary invasive fungal infections such as mucormycosis. The primary reason for such invasive sinonasal infections in people with COVID‐19 is an ideal environment of low oxygen, high glucose levels, acidic medium, high iron levels, and immunosuppression coupled with several other risk factors including prolonged hospitalisation with or without mechanical ventilators. Even though mucormycosis is commonly reported in COVID‐19 patients, we reported an unusual case of invasive fungal osteomyelitis of the maxilla caused by Curvularia species in a recovered COVID‐19 patient. Intraoral manifestation of Curvularia species is rare and seldom reported in the literature. Sinusitis due to unusual fungal pathogens, like Curvularia, is thought to occur primarily in immunocompromised individuals and poorly controlled diabetics. The invasive fungal disease spreads rapidly, and hence prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary to avoid high mortality and morbidity rates.
A novel geminivirus‐derived 3′ flanking sequence of terminator mediates the gene expression enhancement
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xian Yibo , Yang Heng , Yang Xuangang , Yu Tianli , Liu Sai , Liang Minting , Jiang Xianzhi , Deng Shulin 
Published: December 2024

SummaryExploring the new elements to re‐design the expression cassette is crucial in synthetic biology. Viruses are one of the most important sources for exploring gene expression elements. In this study, we found that the DNA sequence of the SBG51 deltasatellite from the Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) greatly enhanced the gene expression when flanked downstream of the terminator. The SBG51 sequence increased transient GFP gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by up to ~6 times and ~10 times compared to the gene expression controlled by the UBQ10 promoter and 35S promoter alone, respectively. The increased GFP gene expression level contributed to the continuous accumulation of GFP protein and GFP fluorescence until 8 days post‐inoculation (dpi). The SBG51 sequence also enhanced the gene expression in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants and maintained the spatio‐temporal pattern of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) promoters. We identified a 123 bp of AT‐rich sequence containing seven “ATAAA” or “TTAAA” elements from the SBG51 DNA, which had the gene expression enhancement effect. Furthermore, the artificial synthetic sequences containing tandem repeated “ATAAA” or “TTAAA” elements were sufficient to increase the gene expression but did not alter the polyadenylation of mRNA, similar to the function of matrix attachment regions (MAR). Additionally, the compact artificial synthetic sequence also had an effect on yeast when the expression cassette was integrated into the genome. We conclude that the geminivirus deltasatellite‐derived sequence and the “ATAAA”/“TTAAA” elements are powerful tools for enhancing gene expression.
Revisiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis, an Expanding Frontier Between Host Plants and Pathogens
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Chen Yong , Li Boqiang , Jing Yanping , Tian Shiping , Chen Tong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the primary site for protein biosynthesis and processing, with ER homeostasis being essential for the survival of plant cells. Numerous studies have underscored the pivotal role of the ER as a battleground for host–pathogen interactions. Pathogens secrete effectors to subvert the host ER and manipulate ER‐mediated defense responses, fostering an infection‐permissive environment for their proliferation. Plants respond to these challenges by triggering ER stress responses, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy, and cell death pathways, to combat pathogens and ensure survival. Consequently, plants are faced with a life‐or‐death decision, directly influencing the outcomes of pathogen infection. In this review, recent advances in manipulating host ER homeostasis by pathogens are introduced, further key counteracting strategies employed by host plants to maintain ER homeostasis during infection are summarized, and finally, several pending questions the studies involving both parties in this evolving field are proposed.
Pragmatic cosmopolitanism in a parochial space: How international‐student returnees (re)negotiate home in Teochew, China
Authors: Lin Zixun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article explores the notion of pragmatic cosmopolitanism in Teochew, China. It examines the way international student returnees perceive their sense of belonging at home and their cosmopolitan identities in a parochial area. Based on ethnographic research, this article offers a unique perspective from a specific regional space with significant migrant history that has witnessed dramatic socio‐economic changes since China's ‘open door’ policy. Although the life trajectories of international student returnees reveal aspects of cosmopolitanism, they are deeply rooted in the moral obligation of filial piety in Teochew. Their life trajectories continue to be shaped and reshaped by familial expectations of kinship, marriage, and succession. Meanwhile, they struggle to maintain their cosmopolitan identities from the negotiable elements of returning, realised through their consumption choices and friendship circle.
Description, difference and history, in Melanesia, for example
Authors: Hirsch Eric , Rollason Will 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article is about the relationship between common history and specific cultures. Specifically, it seeks a resolution to the ongoing problem of which of these should be given logical priority in anthropology— that is, which should be given the status of first cause. This problem is exemplified in the 1990s debate between proponents of the so‐called ‘New Melanesian Ethnography’ and those of the ‘New Melanesian History’. Thinking through the Parliament House sculptures controversy that erupted in Papua New Guinea in 2013, we draw an analogy between the work of Marilyn Strathern and Dipesh Chakrabarty to argue that difference can be located in practices of description. Drawing on the ideas of Elizabeth Anscombe and Ian Hacking, we suggest that descriptive practices are inextricably linked with intentional actions—that is, intentional actions exist ‘under a description’. On this basis, we argue that neither culture nor history can be a first cause, since both are created by specific descriptive practices—history and ethnography as accounts of the world, for example, but also indigenous accounts embodied in state‐building, Pentecostal Christianity, or gift exchange. We close by suggesting how anthropologists might allow the times and differences of others to flourish in their own descriptive practices and avoid the kind of metaphysical impasse that marked Melanesian studies in the 1990s.
Escherichia coli
phage ΦPNJ-9 adheres to mucus via a variant Hoc protein
Authors: Fu Kailai , Cui Jiaqi , Li Yao , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Yang , Wu Jiaoling , Chen Xinru , Xue Feng , Ren Jianluan , Dai Jianjun , Tang Fang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Phages, as antagonists of bacteria, hold significant promise for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Their host specificity allows phages to target pathogenic bacteria without disrupting the gut microbiota, offering distinct advantages in the prevention and control of intestinal pathogens. The interaction between the phage and the gut plays a crucial role in the efficacy of phage-mediated bacterial killing. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the clinically isolated T4-like phage, ΦPNJ-9, effectively adheres to the intestinal mucosa
in vivo
. This adhesion is mediated by the phage’s Hoc protein, which interacts with MUC2 in the mucus. The Hoc protein of ΦPNJ-9 represents a variant, consisting of only three domains and lacking Domain 3, in contrast to phage T4. The key interacting sites on ΦPNJ-9 Hoc are amino acids S183, L184, and T185 within Domain 2. Displaying Domain 2 of ΦPNJ-9 Hoc on the surface of M13 phage significantly enhances its adhesion to the intestinal mucosa. Additionally, we identify fucose residues in MUC2 as the critical binding sites for the phage. Through this adhesion, the phage occupies the intestinal niche, thereby protecting the mucosal layer from pathogenic
Escherichia coli
infections. Our findings highlight the role of Hoc proteins in phage adhesion to intestinal mucus and the variation in binding sites, providing key insights for phage-based strategies aimed at preventing and controlling intestinal pathogens.

IMPORTANCE
The rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has sparked renewed interest in phage therapy as a promising alternative, particularly for targeting intestinal pathogens due to phage’s host specificity. However, clinical applications have revealed that many phages are ineffective in eliminating bacteria within the gut, primarily due to the complex interactions between the phage and the gut environment. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that a T4-like phage adheres to the intestinal mucosa through the interaction between its Hoc protein and MUC2 in the mucus. Whether this model is widespread among T4-like phages remains unknown. Here, we characterize a variant Hoc protein from a T4-like phage, and identify new binding sites within this protein. Our findings suggest that the interaction between Hoc and MUC2 is likely common, but the critical binding sites vary depending on the specific phage.
Exsolution in the Au–Au3Cu Region and Correction of the Au–Ag–Cu Phase Diagram
Authors: Onishchenko S. A. , Parkhacheva K. G. , Glukhov Yu. V. , Kuznetsov S. K. , Nikulova N. Yu. , Tropnikov E. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The phase composition of native gold was examined in an insufficiently studied part of the Au–Ag–Cu system in the range between pure gold and Au3Cu. In this region, a miscibility gap has been established for the Au–Ag–Cu solid solution, which is decomposed into Au–Ag–Cu and Au3Cu phases. These results in combinations with previously obtained and literature data made it possible to construct a complete phase diagram of the Au–Ag–Cu system in the gold-rich region for low (about 100°C) temperature. The diagram demonstrates the field of a homogeneous Au–Ag–Cu solid solution, and two-phase fields (Au3Cu and Au–Ag–Cu solid solution) and (AuCu and Au–Ag–Cu solid solution), which are separated by a three-phase field (Au3Cu, AuCu, and Au–Ag–Cu solid solution).
Elite para athletes with active coping behaviour are less likely to report a sports injury
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Sällström Linda , Dahlström Örjan , Jacobsson Jenny , Timpka Toomas , Lexell Jan 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveElite para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries. Research suggests that athletes’ strategies to manage adversities may influence the sports injury risk, but knowledge about para athletes’ coping behaviours and their association with injuries is limited. The aim was to describe the distribution of coping behaviours in Swedish elite para athletes by sex, age, impairment, sport and to examine associations between coping behaviours and the probability of reporting a prospective sports injury during a 52-week study period.MethodEighty-three para athletes participating in the ‘Sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport study’ completed the Brief COPE Inventory. Over the following 52 weeks, athletes reported any sports injuries they sustained. The analysis of coping behaviours comprised descriptive statistics and linear regression, and associations between coping behaviour and the probability of being injured were examined by logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe most frequently used coping behaviours were acceptance, active coping and planning. The most common less-useful coping behaviour was self-blame. Athletes with more active coping behaviours were less likely to report an injury, and using humour as coping behaviour was associated with a higher probability of injury among young athletes. Also, athletes with physical impairment reported a higher use of active coping and emotional support compared with athletes with visual impairment, and athletes participating in individual sports used acceptance as a coping behaviour to a larger extent than athletes in team sports.ConclusionUse of active coping in Swedish elite para athletes was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting an injury. Young athletes using humour as a coping strategy had a higher likelihood of reporting an injury. The results suggest that support of active coping behaviours and a sport context fostering help-seeking behaviours should be considered in future prevention measures.
Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Yang Yuting , Yuan Qiao , Zhou Qi , Yang Lili 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSedentary behaviour is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, independent of physical activity. Related interventions have improved sedentary behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, their effectiveness has remained inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively examine the efficacy of interventions for patients with CHD, thereby contributing to future implementation decisions to improve sedentary behaviour.Methods and analysisThis protocol follows the guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in English and Chinese electronic databases from inception to 31 December 2024. All published randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that report on reducing sedentary behaviour in patients with CHD will be included. Two authors will independently conduct study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Study quality will be assessed using validated tools appropriate for each study design. The overall meta-analyses for sedentary behaviour outcomes will be performed if the outcome data are sufficient and provide similar effect measures and subgroup analyses based on demographic characteristics, intervention duration, intervention types, intervention content and measurement tools. We will conduct a qualitative synthesis for studies that could not be quantitatively synthesised.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review as no human participants will be involved. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal publication or academic conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023466985.
Traditional laxatives in preventing opioid-induced constipation in adult patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Long Yanfang , Li Li , Chen Xi , Tian Lingyun , He Haiyan , Li Ying-lan 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionOpioid-induced constipation (OIC) affects up to 90% of patients with cancer receiving long-term opioid-related analgesic therapy, resulting in various potential complications, compromised pain management and decreased quality of life. Laxatives stimulate or facilitate bowel evacuation. Traditional laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol and lactulose, are widely used because of their low cost, easy accessibility and tolerability. OIC prophylaxis with laxatives is recommended for patients receiving opioid therapy. However, systematic reviews that support this practice are lacking. They have primarily focused on patients with existing constipation and the effectiveness of other pharmacological therapies. Thus, we are conducting a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional laxatives in preventing OIC in adult patients with cancer.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement was used to guide the reporting of this protocol. Database searches will be performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EBSCO from inception to a date within 6 months of the submission of the full systematic review (estimated 31 December 2024). Reference lists will also be accessed for additional studies, including Google Scholar, for the inclusion of grey literature. A combination of Medical Subject Headings/Emtree and free-text terms will be used when searching the core concepts of ‘OIC’, ‘laxative’ and ‘cancer.’ The eligibility criteria will be defined by the type of population (patients with cancer receiving opioid therapy), type of intervention (traditional laxatives) and type of study (randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials). Two reviewers will independently select eligible studies, extract data and assess the methodological risk of bias. A third reviewer will be invited to reach a consensus if necessary. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as patients will not be included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We will publish this study in a peer-reviewed journal and communicate the results at open conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024507127.