bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From sample preparation to NMR‐based metabolic profiling in food commodities: The case of table olives
Authors: Beteinakis Stavros , Papachristodoulou Anastasia , Mikros Emmanuel , Halabalaki Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolic profiling has been widely used in food and plant sciences. Despite its simplicity and inherent reproducibility, the determination of the appropriate pre‐processing procedures greatly affects the obtained metabolic profile.ObjectivesThe current study represents a detailed guide of use for untargeted NMR‐based metabolic profiling of table olives (Olea europaea L.).MethodsGreek Kalamon table olives from different geographical origins were selected as reference materials. Differently treated samples were extracted using different solvents and/or solvent systems. Chemical profiles were evaluated with high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Different deuterated solvents and sample concentrations were evaluated for the recording of optimal quality spectra.ResultsThe methanol extract of freeze‐dried table olives was found to contain the most representative secondary metabolites, in higher concentrations, as well. The optimal deuterated solvent for the NMR analysis was methanol‐d4, while final sample concentration should be within the range of 10 to 15 mg/mL. Multivariate data analysis was also used to estimate and confirm the variation and clustering caused by different characteristics of the samples.ConclusionsResults of the present study make evident the necessity for thorough planning and method development prior to any extensive metabolomic study based on NMR spectroscopy. Pre‐processing and sample preparation stages seemed to greatly affect the metabolic profile and spectral quality in the case of table olives, which by extrapolation could apply to other food commodities. Nevertheless, the nature of the samples must be fully described in general, in order to proceed to solid conclusions.
Aromatic compounds that attract Meloidogyne species second‐stage juveniles in soil
Authors: Oka Yuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNematode attractants could serve in nematode control strategies by combining with chemical or biological nematicides or by interrupting the nematodes' host‐finding process. The attractiveness of some benzenoid aromatic compounds, mainly benzoic acids, alcohols, aldehydes and phenols, to second‐stage juveniles (J2) of four Meloidogyne species (M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica and M. marylandi) was evaluated by using trap tubes and balls filled with washed dune sand buried in nematode‐inoculated sand in Petri dishes.RESULTSTwo‐methoxybenzaldehyde, 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde, 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde (o‐vanillin), 3‐methoxybenzoic acid, 4‐methoxybenzoic acid and trans‐cinnamic acid effectively attracted J2 of all or most of the four Meloidogyne species to trap tubes in a one‐compound assay. When nematodes were exposed to three different compounds simultaneously in the three‐compound assay, J2 of all Meloidogyne species were attracted mainly to 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde, salicylic acid and 4‐methoxybenzoic acid. Exceptions were M. hapla J2, which were not attracted to salicylic acid. In the soil column assay, M. javanica and M. incognita J2 were attracted upward to 4‐methoxybenzoic acid in a trap ball located 4 or 8 cm above the inoculation point, whereas salicylic acid and 3‐methoxybenzoic acid demonstrated slight, if any attraction.CONCLUSIONAlthough some of the tested compounds exist in root exudates, it is not clear whether they are involved in the nematode host‐searching process in nature. The attractants found in the study have potential for use in Meloidogyne species control, probably as a nematode trap constituent or as compounds that disrupt the nematodes' host‐finding process. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Role of red blood cell distribution width, as a prognostic indicator in COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Kannan Sundara , Khanna Puneet , Singh Akhil Kant 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe red blood cell distribution width (RDW), an indicator of anisocytosis has emerged as a potential tool for risk stratification of critically ill patients with sepsis. Prognostic predictors are of paramount interest for prompt intervention and optimal utilization of the healthcare system in this ongoing context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to explore the utility of RDW in the prognosis of COVID‐19 patients. A comprehensive screening of electronic databases was performed up to 30th April 2021 after enrolling in PROSPERO (CRD42020206685). Observational studies or interventional studies, evaluating the impact of RDW in COVID‐19 outcomes (mortality and severity) are included in this meta‐analysis.Our search retrieved 25 studies, with a total of 18,392 and 3,446 COVID‐19 patients for mortality and disease severity outcomes. Deceased and critically ill patients had higher RDW levels on admission in comparison to survivors and non‐severe patients (SMD = 0.46; 95%CI 0.31–0.71; I2 = 88% and SMD = 0.46; 95%CI 0.26–0.67; I2 = 60%, respectively). In a sub‐group analysis of 2,980 patients, RDW > 14.5 has been associated with increased risk of mortality (OR = 2.73; 95%CI 1.96–3.82; I2 = 56%). However, the evidences is of low quality. A higher level of RDW on admission in COVID‐19 patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, further studies regarding the cut‐off value of RDW are the need of the hour.
Probing an Interfacial Ionic Pairing‐Induced Molecular Dipole Effect in Ionovoltaic System
Authors: Yoon Sun Geun , Park Byoung Joon , Jin Huding , Lee Won Hyung , Han Junghyup , Cho Yong Hyun , Yook Hyunwoo , Han Jeong Woo , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA surficial molecular dipole effect depending on ion‐molecular interactions has been crucial issues regarding to an interfacial potential, which can modulate solid electronic and electrochemical systems. Their properties near the interfacial region can be dictated by specific interactions between surface and adsorbates, but understandings of the corresponding details remain at interesting issues. Here, intuitive observations of an ionic pair formation‐induced interfacial potential shifts are presented with an ionovoltaic system, and corresponding output signal variations are analyzed in terms of the surficial dipole changes on self‐assembled monolayer. With aiding of photoelectron spectroscopies and density function theory simulation, the ionic pair formation‐induced potential shifts are revealed to strongly rely on a paired molecular structure and a binding affinity of the paired ionic moieties. Chemical contributions to the binding event are interrogated in terms of polarizability in each ionic group and consistent with chaotropic/kosmotropic character of the ionic groups. Based on these findings, the ionovoltaic output changes are theoretically correlated with an adsorption isotherm reflecting the molecular dipole effect, thereby demonstrating as an efficient interfacial molecular probing method under electrolyte interfacing conditions.
Characterization of phenotypic spectrum of fetal heterotaxy syndrome by combining ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Seidl‐Mlczoch E. , Kasprian G. , Ba‐ssalamah A. , Stuempflen M. , Kitzmueller E. , Muin D. A. , Zimpfer D. , Prayer D. , Michel‐behnke I. , Ulm B. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveHeterotaxy or isomerism of the atrial appendages is a congenital disorder with variable presentation, associated with both cardiac and non‐cardiac anomalies, which may have a serious impact on fetal outcome. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a complementary tool to ultrasound, for describing the morphological spectrum encountered in heterotaxy.MethodsThis retrospective study included 27 fetuses that underwent fetal MRI following prenatal suspicion of heterotaxy on ultrasound from 1998 to 2019 in a tertiary referral center. Heterotaxy was classified as left atrial isomerism (LAI) or right atrial isomerism (RAI) based on fetal echocardiography (FE) examination. In addition to routine prenatal ultrasound, fetal MRI was offered routinely to enhance the diagnosis of non‐cardiac anomalies, which might have been missed on ultrasound. Prenatal findings on ultrasound, FE and MRI were reviewed systematically and compared with those of postnatal imaging and autopsy reports.ResultsTwenty‐seven fetuses with heterotaxy and cardiovascular pathology, of which 19 (70%) had LAI and eight (30%) had RAI, were included. Seven (7/19 (37%)) fetuses with LAI had normal intracardiac anatomy, whereas all fetuses with RAI had a cardiac malformation. All 27 fetuses had non‐cardiac anomalies on fetal MRI, including situs and splenic anomalies. In 12/19 (63%) fetuses with LAI, a specific abnormal configuration of the liver was observed on MRI. In three fetuses, fetal MRI revealed signs of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection obstruction. An abnormal bronchial tree pattern was suspected on prenatal MRI in 6/19 (32%) fetuses with LAI and 3/8 (38%) fetuses with RAI.ConclusionsVisualization on MRI of non‐cardiac anomalies in fetuses with suspected heterotaxy is feasible and can assist the complex diagnosis of this condition, despite its limitations. This modality potentially enables differentiation of less severe cases from more complex ones, which may have a poorer prognosis. Fetal MRI can assist in prenatal counseling and planning postnatal management. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
MRI characterization of hemodynamic patterns of human fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Authors: Sun L. , van Amerom J. F. P. , Marini D. , Portnoy S. , Lee F.‐T. , Saini B. S. , Lim J. M. , Aguet J. , Jaeggi E. , Kingdom J. C. , Macgowan C. K. , Miller S. P. , Huang G. , Seed M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo characterize, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport in human fetuses with subtypes of congenital heart disease (CHD) that present with neonatal cyanosis.MethodsBlood flow was measured in the major vessels of 152 late‐gestation human fetuses with CHD and 40 gestational‐age‐matched normal fetuses, using cine phase‐contrast MRI. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured in the major vessels of 57 fetuses with CHD and 40 controls.ResultsCompared with controls, we found lower combined ventricular output in fetuses with single‐ventricle physiology, with the lowest being observed in fetuses with severe forms of Ebstein's anomaly. Obstructive lesions of the left or right heart were associated with increased flow across the contralateral side. Pulmonary blood flow was reduced in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly, while those with Ebstein's anomaly and tricuspid atresia had reduced umbilical flow. Flow in the superior vena cava was elevated in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries, normal in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart, tetralogy of Fallot or tricuspid atresia and reduced in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly. Umbilical vein SaO2 was reduced in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart or tetralogy of Fallot. Ascending aorta and superior vena cava SaO2 were reduced in nearly all CHD subtypes.ConclusionsFetuses with cyanotic CHD exhibit profound changes in the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport, which result in changes in cerebral, pulmonary and placental blood flow and oxygenation. These alterations of fetal circulatory physiology may influence the neonatal course and help account for abnormalities of prenatal growth and development that have been described in newborns with cyanotic CHD. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Oestrogen responsive vulvovaginal lipoma in an intact Siberian Husky
Authors: Yoon Jin , Vinayak Arathi , Whitley Derick B. , Kiupel Matti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, intact female, Siberian Husky was presented for a vulvovaginal tumour noted 6 months prior to presentation. The tumour had doubled with each oestrus cycle. Haematology and serum biochemistry, thoracic and abdominal imaging were unremarkable. The cytology of the tumour was most consistent with a lipoma. Due to increasing size and discomfort from the tumour, excision and ovariohysterectomy were elected by the owner. Histopathology revealed a lipoma with no smooth muscle. Immunohistochemical labelling for oestrogen receptors revealed strong nuclear expression in adipocytes within the tumour. Immunohistochemical labelling for progesterone receptors was negative. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as an oestrogen responsive lipoma. One‐year post surgery, the patient is doing well with no recurrence of the tumour noted on physical examination. In addition to hormone responsive smooth muscle tumours, hormone responsive lipomas should be considered as a differential diagnosis for tumours in the reproductive tract that grows during oestrus cycles.
The Image of Marshal Mannerheim, Moral Panic, and the Refashioning of the Nation in the 1990s
Authors: Tepora Tuomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter shows how the social and political changes in Finnish society in the early 1990s were reflected in the images of C. G. E. Mannerheim (1867–1951), the Marshal of Finland. By looking at the debate concerning the construction of the Museum of Contemporary Art right next to the Mannerheim equestrian statue in Helsinki, Tepora analyzes the public dispute as a moral panic that sprang from the 1990s recession, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and joining the European Union. Arguing for the study of nontotalitarian personality cults, Tepora shows how the opposing sides in the debate either rose to defend the conservative Mannerheim image as an unchanging emotional figure or recoded the figure to reflect their liberal and cosmopolitan perspectives.
The History of Experience: Afterword
Authors: Hoegaerts Josephine , Olsen Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis short thought piece focuses on the novel contributions the authors of Lived Nation make to the study of the nation, and to the new history of experience. It discusses the historiographical origins of the new history of experience, especially in its links to the history of emotions, and the boundaries of this exciting new historical approach. It further points to promising innovations as other subfields start to implement this approach, specifically in the history of childhood and youth, and the history of disability.
Temporalization of Experiencing: First-Hand Experience of the Nation in Mid-Nineteenth Century Finland
Authors: Kokko Heikki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKokko tests and develops further Benedict Anderson’s thesis about “imagined communities” through analyzing the experiential change that the emerging of first-hand experience of the nation required at the individual level. The analysis of readers’ letters published in the Finnish-language press provides a rare history-from-below approach to the emerging experience of the nation. Besides focusing on the mid-1800s’ Finnish grass roots experience of the nation, the chapter draws attention to the form of belonging which existed prior to it. ‘Temporalization of Experiencing’ presents the first-hand experience of the nation as a social phenomenon. The chapter indicates that the absorbing of the experience of the nation was based on a transformation in the structures of experiencing that was linked to the modernization process.
National Belonging Through Signed and Spoken Languages: The Case of Finland-Swedish Deaf People in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Lindberg Hanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the chapter, Lindberg analyzes the role of nationalism and language among the Finland-Swedish deaf people in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Finland. Although the deaf community in many cases defined itself as standing on the sidelines of national conflicts, Lindberg shows, by examining published letters by deaf persons belonging to the Swedish minority in Finland, how nationalism was incorporated into everyday experiences. Focusing on periods of language conflicts in Finnish society, Lindberg shows, furthermore, how the Swedish and Finnish languages were used to divide and spark conflict, while sign language united deaf people belonging to different linguistic groups in Finland.
Disentangling a deep learned volume formula
Authors: Craven Jessica , Jejjala Vishnu , Kar Arjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a simple phenomenological formula which approximates the hyperbolic volume of a knot using only a single evaluation of its Jones polynomial at a root of unity. The average error is just 2.86% on the first 1.7 million knots, which represents a large improvement over previous formulas of this kind. To find the approximation formula, we use layer-wise relevance propagation to reverse engineer a black box neural network which achieves a similar average error for the same approximation task when trained on 10% of the total dataset. The particular roots of unity which appear in our analysis cannot be written as e2πi/(k+2) with integer k; therefore, the relevant Jones polynomial evaluations are not given by unknot-normalized expectation values of Wilson loop operators in conventional SU(2) Chern-Simons theory with level k. Instead, they correspond to an analytic continuation of such expectation values to fractional level. We briefly review the continuation procedure and comment on the presence of certain Lefschetz thimbles, to which our approximation formula is sensitive, in the analytically continued Chern-Simons integration cycle.
Dynamic Molecular Evolution of Mammalian Homeobox Genes: Duplication, Loss, Divergence and Gene Conversion Sculpt PRD Class Repertoires
Authors: Lewin Thomas D. , Royall Amy H. , Holland Peter W. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe majority of homeobox genes are highly conserved across animals, but the eutherian-specific ETCHbox genes, embryonically expressed and highly divergent duplicates ofCRX, are a notable exception. Here we compare the ETCHbox genes of 34 mammalian species, uncovering dynamic patterns of gene loss and tandem duplication, including the presence of a large tandem array ofLEUTXloci in the genome of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Despite extensive gene gain and loss, all sampled species possess at least two ETCHbox genes, suggesting their collective role is indispensable. We find evidence for positive selection and show thatTPRX1andTPRX2have been the subject of repeated gene conversion across the Boreoeutheria, homogenising their sequences and preventing divergence, especially in the homeobox region. Together, these results are consistent with a model where mammalian ETCHbox genes are dynamic in evolution due to functional overlap, yet have collective indispensable roles.
Hyphal growth of Penicillium rubens in changing relative humidity
Authors: Ruijten Philip , Huinink Hendrik P. , Adan Olaf C. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When considering mold prevention strategies, the environmental conditions in which fungi grow need to be taken into consideration. This environment is often characterized by a time-dependent relative humidity, and porous substrate. Growth has mainly been investigated in steady-state experiments. Therefore, the goal of this study is to understand the hyphal growth of Penicillium rubens on porous gypsum, under dynamic humidity conditions. Spores of P. rubens were inoculated on porous gypsum containing nutrients, and placed in a small incubation chamber, allowing for microscopic hyphal observation. The relative humidity in this chamber varied multiple times between a high (close to 100%) and low value (35%, 55%, or 75%). The hyphae reacted to a lowered relative humidity by an immediate growth stop and dehydration. When the relative humidity was increased again, the hyphae re-hydrated and three responses were found: regrowing after approximately 4 h, after a time equal to the germination time, or no regrowth at all. No substantial regrowth was found for fluctuations faster than 4 h. This time-scale was found for multiple decreases in relative humidity, and has been reported for the first time.

Key points
• Hyphae restart growth after a characteristic time of approximately 4 h.
• Relative humidity fluctuations of 3 h can suppress hyphal growth.
• Hyphae do not regrow after a severe desiccation and short periods of high humidity.
Reduction of overtreatment without reduction of overdiagnosis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: mission impossible
Authors: Oblak Tjasa , Perhavec Andraz , Hocevar Marko , Peric Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lateral neck nodal metastases are common in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and usually have an indolent nature. They may be detected via neck palpation or preoperative ultrasound (US) of the neck. We hypothesized that preoperative neck metastases detected with US did not affect regional recurrence or long-term survival.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients’ records treated for DTC at our institution between January 2006 and December 2016 was performed. Information about preoperative US of the neck, treatment, demographics, staging, and histopathology was obtained. The endpoints for the study were nodal recurrence and survival. Differences in survival were analyzed between three groups of patients divided by presence or lack of preoperative US and/or palpable cervical lymph nodes (PLN). Furthermore, the prognostic value of multiple variables was tested by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
There were 1108 patients with DTC, 221 males and 887 females. The median age was 48.3 years (range 3 to 86), the median time of observation was 68 months (range 0 to 142). Eight hundred sixty-two patients without PLN or preoperative US represented group 1, 112 patients with PLN were in group 2, and 134 patients without PLN and with preoperative US were in group 3. Only five patients had a regional recurrence, one died due to distant metastases. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the groups (p = 0.841) and neck US was not significantly associated with overall survival neither in univariate nor in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
In patients with DTC, the benefits of preoperative US of cervical lymph nodes are probably limited and “less is more” approach is advised.