bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement between dried blood spots and HemoCue in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Roshania Reshma P. , Mehta Rukshan V. , Shete Ashwini , Bingewar Rohini , Kulkarni Sangeeta , Mahajan Aprajit , Miller Grant , Tarozzi Alessandro , Martorell Reynaldo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndia retains the world’s largest burden of anemia despite decades of economic growth and anemia prevention programming. Accurate screening and estimates of anemia prevalence are critical for successful anemia control. Evidence is mixed on the performance of HemoCue, a point-of-care testing device most widely used for large-scale surveys. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) to assess hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a potential alternative, particularly in field settings. The objective of this study is to assess Hb measurement agreement between capillary HemoCue and DBS among two age groups, children 6–59 months and females age 12–40 years. We analyzed data from the baseline round of a cluster randomized rice fortification intervention in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Capillary blood was collected from a subset of participants for Hb assessment by HemoCue 301 and DBS methods. We calculated Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, and tested bias by conducting paired t-tests of Hb concentration. Independence of the bias and Hb magnitude was examined visually using Bland–Altman plots and statistically tested by Pearson’s correlation. We assessed differences in anemia classification using McNemar’s test of marginal homogeneity. Concordance between HemoCue and DBS Hb measures was moderate for both children 6–59 months (ρc = 0.67; 95% CI 0.65, 0.71) and females 12–40 years (ρc = 0.67: 95% CI 0.64, 0.69). HemoCue measures were on average 0.06 g/dL higher than DBS for children (95% CI 0.002, 0.12; p = 0.043) and 0.29 g/dL lower than DBS for females (95% CI − 0.34, − 0.23; p < 0.0001). 50% and 56% of children were classified as anemic according to HemoCue and DBS, respectively (p < 0.0001). 55% and 47% of females were classified as anemic according to HemoCue and DBS, respectively (p < 0.0001). There is moderate statistical agreement of Hb concentration between HemoCue and DBS for both age groups. The choice of Hb assessment method has important implications for individual anemia diagnosis and population prevalence estimates. Further research is required to understand factors that influence the accuracy and reliability of DBS as a methodology for Hb assessment.
Multifaceted phase ordering kinetics of an antiferromagnetic spin-1 condensate
Authors: Pietraszewicz Joanna , Seweryn Aleksandra , Witkowska Emilia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study phase domain coarsening in the long time limit after a quench of magnetic field in a quasi one-dimensional spin-1 antiferromagnetic condensate. We observe that the growth of correlation length obeys scaling laws predicted by the two different models of phase ordering kinetics, namely the binary mixture and vector field. We derive regimes of clear realization for both of them. We demonstrate appearance of atypical scaling laws, which emerge in intermediate regions.
A magnetically retrievable mixed-valent Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd0/PdII nanocomposite exhibiting facile tandem Suzuki coupling/transfer hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Singh Parminder , Mishra Saumyaranjan , Sahoo Anupam , Patra Srikanta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a magnetically retrievable mixed-valent Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd0/PdIINP (5) nanocomposite system for tandem Suzuki coupling/transfer hydrogenation reaction. The nanocomposite5was prepared first by making a layer of$$\hbox {SiO}_{2}$$SiO2on$$\hbox {Fe}_{3}\hbox {O}_{4}\hbox {NP}$$Fe3O4NPfollowed by deposition of$$\hbox {Pd}^{0}$$Pd0and sorption of$$\hbox {Pd}^{\mathrm{II}}$$PdIIions successively onto the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2NP. The nanocomposite was characterized by powder XRD, electron microscopy (SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS) and XPS spectroscopy techniques. The mixed-valent$$\hbox {Pd}^{0}/\hbox {Pd}^{\mathrm{II}}$$Pd0/PdIIpresent onto the surface of nanocomposite5was confirmed by XPS technique. Interestingly, the mixed-valent nanocomposite Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd0/PdIINP (5) exhibited tandem Suzuki coupling/transfer hydrogenation reaction during the reaction of aryl bromide with aryl boronic acid (90% ofC). The nanocomposite5displayed much better reactivity as compared to the monovalent Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd0NP (3) (25% ofC) and Fe3O4@SiO2/PdIINP (4) (15% ofC) nanocomposites. Further, because of the presence of magnetic$$\hbox {Fe}_{3}\hbox {O}_{4}$$Fe3O4, the nanocomposite displayed its facile separation from the reaction mixture and reused at least for five catalytic cycles.
Distinguishing retinal angiomatous proliferation from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with a deep neural network based on optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hwang Daniel Duck-Jin , Choi Seong , Ko Junseo , Yoon Jeewoo , Park Ji In , Hwang Joon Seo , Han Jeong Mo , Lee Hak Jun , Sohn Joonhong , Park Kyu Hyung , Han Jinyoung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to build a deep learning model for detecting neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to distinguish retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Patients from a single tertiary center were enrolled from January 2014 to January 2020. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of patients with RAP or PCV and a control group were analyzed with a deep CNN. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were used to evaluate the model’s ability to distinguish RAP from PCV. The performances of the new model, the VGG-16, Resnet-50, Inception, and eight ophthalmologists were compared. A total of 3951 SD-OCT images from 314 participants (229 AMD, 85 normal controls) were analyzed. In distinguishing the PCV and RAP cases, the proposed model showed an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 89.1%, 89.4%, and 88.8%, respectively, with an AUROC of 95.3% (95% CI 0.727–0.852). The proposed model showed better diagnostic performance than VGG-16, Resnet-50, and Inception-V3 and comparable performance with the eight ophthalmologists. The novel model performed well when distinguishing between PCV and RAP. Thus, automated deep learning systems may support ophthalmologists in distinguishing RAP from PCV.
Diazepam causes sedative rather than anxiolytic effects in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Pádua-Reis Marina , Nôga Diana Aline , Tort Adriano B. L. , Blunder Martina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiazepam has been broadly accepted as an anxiolytic drug and is often used as a positive control in behavioral experiments with mice. However, as opposed to this general assumption, the effect of diazepam on mouse behavior can be considered rather controversial from an evidence point of view. Here we revisit this issue by studying the effect of diazepam on a benchmark task in the preclinical anxiety literature: the elevated plus maze. We evaluated the minute-by-minute time-course of the diazepam effect along the 10 min of the task at three different doses (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg i.p. 30 min before the task) in female and male C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, we contrasted the effects of diazepam with those of a selective serotoninergic reuptake inhibitor (paroxetine, 10 mg/kg i.p. 1 h before the task). Diazepam had no anxiolytic effect at any of the tested doses, and, at the highest dose, it impaired locomotor activity, likely due to sedation. Noteworthy, our results held true when examining male and female mice separately, when only examining the first 5 min of the task, and when animals were subjected to one hour of restrain-induced stress prior to diazepam treatment. In contrast, paroxetine significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior without inducing sedative effects. Our results therefore suggest that preclinical studies for screening new anxiolytic drugs should be cautious with diazepam use as a potential positive control.
Spatial variation and mechanisms of leaf water content in grassland plants at the biome scale: evidence from three comparative transects
Authors: Wang Ruomeng , He Nianpeng , Li Shenggong , Xu Li , Li Mingxu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeaf water content (LWC) has important physiological and ecological significance for plant growth. However, it is still unclear how LWC varies over large spatial scale and with plant adaptation strategies. Here, we measured the LWC of 1365 grassland plants, along three comparative precipitation transects from meadow to desert on the Mongolia Plateau (MP), Loess Plateau, and Tibetan Plateau, respectively, to explore its spatial variation and the underlying mechanisms that determine this variation. The LWC data were normally distributed with an average value of 0.66 g g−1. LWC was not significantly different among the three plateaus, but it differed significantly among different plant life forms. Spatially, LWC in the three plateaus all decreased and then increased from meadow to desert grassland along a precipitation gradient. Unexpectedly, climate and genetic evolution only explained a small proportion of the spatial variation of LWC in all plateaus, and LWC was only weakly correlated with precipitation in the water-limited MP. Overall, the lasso variation in LWC with precipitation in all plateaus represented an underlying trade-off between structural investment and water income in plants, for better survival in various environments. In brief, plants should invest less to thrive in a humid environment (meadow), increase more investment to keep a relatively stable LWC in a drying environment, and have high investment to hold higher LWC in a dry environment (desert). Combined, these results indicate that LWC should be an important variable in future studies of large-scale trait variations.
Calcium carbonate nanoparticles stimulate cancer cell reprogramming to suppress tumor growth and invasion in an organ-on-a-chip system
Authors: Lam Sandra F. , Bishop Kevin W. , Mintz Rachel , Fang Lei , Achilefu Samuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe acidic microenvironment of solid tumors induces the propagation of highly invasive and metastatic phenotypes. However, simulating these conditions in animal models present challenges that confound the effects of pH modulators on tumor progression. To recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and isolate the effect of pH on tumor viability, we developed a bifurcated microfluidic device that supports two different cell environments for direct comparison. RFP-expressing breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were cultured in treatment and control chambers surrounded by fibrin, which received acid-neutralizing CaCO3 nanoparticles (nanoCaCO3) and cell culture media, respectively. Data analysis revealed that nanoCaCO3 buffered the pH within the normal physiological range and inhibited tumor cell proliferation compared to the untreated control (p < 0.05). Co-incubation of cancer cells and fibroblasts, followed by nanoCaCO3 treatment showed that the nanoparticles selectively inhibited the growth of the MDA-MB-231 cells and reduced cellular migration of these cells with no impact on the fibroblasts. Sustainable decrease in the intracellular pH of cancer cells treated with nanoCaCO3 indicates that the extracellular pH induced cellular metabolic reprogramming. These results suggest that the nanoCaCO3 can restrict the aggressiveness of tumor cells without affecting the growth and behavior of the surrounding stromal cells.
Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh
Authors: Baul Tarit Kumar , Peuly Tajkera Akhter , Nandi Rajasree , Schmidt Lars Holger , Karmakar Shyamal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37–48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha−1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22–28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha−1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.
HIV tropism switch in archived DNA of HIV-HCV subjects successfully treated with direct-acting antivirals for HCV infection
Authors: Basso Monica , Zago Daniela , Scaggiante Renzo , Cavinato Silvia , Pozzetto Irene , Stagni Camilla , Parisatto Beatrice , Cattelan Anna Maria , Battagin Giuliana , Sarmati Loredana , Parisi Saverio Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe described short-term HIV tropism changes occurring in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the correlations with HIV DNA value in HIV-HCV co-infected patients cured for HCV disease and with undetectable HIV viremia or residual viremia (RV). Plasma HIV RNA, cellular HIV DNA and tropism were evaluated pre-HCV treatment (baseline, BL) and at 12(T1) and 24(T2) weeks after HCV treatment start. V3 sequences were interpreted using Geno2pheno and classified as R5 only if all three sequences had an FPR ≥ 10% and as X4 when at least one replicate sequence had an FPR < 10%. Forty-nine patients (21 with X4 and 28 with R5 virus) were enrolled. Five X4 patients and 9 R5 subjects experienced at least one tropism change,11 with RV:1/5 patients with X4 infection at BL switched at T1 versus 8/9 in the R5 group (p = 0.022977) and the difference was confirmed in subjects with RV (p = 0.02);6/9 R5 patients switching at T1 confirmed the tropism change at T2. No significant differences in HIV DNA values between patients with RV starting with a R5 or X4 tropism and experienced tropism switch or not were found. Short-term tropism switch involved almost a third of patients, in all but three cases with HIV RV. Being R5 at BL is associated to a higher instability, expressed as number of tropism changes and confirmed switch at T2.
Childhood socioeconomic status is associated with psychometric intelligence and microstructural brain development
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Asano Kohei , Asano Michiko , Sassa Yuko , Yokota Susumu , Kotozaki Yuka , Nouchi Rui , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChildhood socioeconomic status is robustly associated with various children’s cognitive factors and neural mechanisms. Here we show the association of childhood socioeconomic status with psychometric intelligence and mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy using diffusion tensor imaging at the baseline experiment (N = 285) and longitudinal changes in these metrics after 3.0 ± 0.3 years (N = 223) in a large sample of normal Japanese children (mean age = 11.2 ± 3.1 years). After correcting for confounding factors, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses show that higher childhood socioeconomic status is associated with greater baseline and baseline to follow-up increase of psychometric intelligence and mean diffusivity in areas around the bilateral fusiform gyrus. These results demonstrate that higher socioeconomic status is associated with higher psychometric intelligence measures and altered microstructural properties in the fusiform gyrus which plays a key role in reading and letter recognition and further augmentation of such tendencies during development. Definitive conclusions regarding the causality of these relationships requires intervention and physiological studies. However, the current findings should be considered when developing and revising policies regarding education.
Phase transformation and heterojunction construction of bismuth oxyiodides by grinding-assisted calcination in the presence of thiourea and their photoactivity
Authors: Shen Zichen , Liu Huanzhen , Jia Xuemei , Han Qiaofeng , Bi Huiping 
Published: April 2021

Flower-like Bi4O5I2/Bi5O7I microsphere assembled by porous ultra-thin nanosheets was fabricated in the presence of thiourea by a grinding-assisted calcination process, which exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and favorable stability.
Spinale Arachnopathien und Syringomyelie
Authors: Klekamp Jörg 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungArachnopathien im Spinalkanal können als Folge eines Krankheitsprozesses auftreten, der narbig verheilt ist – die sekundäre Arachnopathie –, oder sie tritt spontan auf im Sinne einer primären Arachnopathie. Sekundäre Arachnopathien entsprechen dem vernarbten Endzustand einer abgeschlossenen Entzündungsreaktion, die durch Bakterien, chemische Reizstoffe, ölhaltige Kontrastmittel, Blut, Traumen oder Operationen bedingt sein kann. Arachnopathien können das Rückenmark beeinträchtigen, indem sie das Mark an der Dura fixieren im Sinne eines Tetherings, die Blutzufuhr und den venösen Abfluß des Rückenmarks behindern, das Rückenmark komprimieren aufgrund von Verklebungen der Arachnoidea mit der Folge von arachnoidalen Taschen- und Zystenbildungen oder die Liquorpassage blockieren mit der Folge einer Syringomyelie. Langstreckige Arachnopathien sind einer kausalen operativen Behandlung nicht zugänglich. Nur kurzstreckige Arachnopathien, die sich wie die primären Formen auf den dorsalen Subarachnoidalraum beschränken, können operativ so behandelt werden, daß Patienten mittel- und langfristig davon profitieren.Die Syringomyelie beschreibt eine zunehmende Flüssigkeitsansammlung im Rückenmark als Folge einer Liquorpassagestörung, eines intramedullären Tumors oder eines Tethered Cord Syndroms. Sie stellt keine eigenständige Rückenmarkserkrankung dar und ist immer ein sekundäres Begleitgeschehen bei einer dieser auslösenden Krankheitsprozesse. Die optimale Behandlungsstrategie einer Syringomyelie besteht in der Therapie der auslösenden Erkrankung: Herstellen der Liquorpassage, Entfernung des intramedullären Tumors oder Lösen des Tethered Cords. Jede Form einer Drainagebehandlung ist einer solchen kausalen Therapie im Langzeitverlauf unterlegen.
Insulinwirkung und -resistenz im Gehirn
Authors: Brüning Jens , García Cáceres Cristina , Heni Martin , Preißl Hubert 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Gehirn spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung von Typ-2-Diabetes und Fettleibigkeit. Gehirngebiete, die für die Nahrungsaufnahme oder den Stoffwechsel wichtig sind, reagieren auf das Hormon Insulin. In dem Forschungsschwerpunkt „Brain“ untersucht das DZD den Zusammenhang zwischen Gehirn und Stoffwechsel. Die Forschung erstreckt sich über die gesamte Lebensspanne – vom Fötus bis zum älteren Menschen. Studien deuten darauf hin, dass der mütterliche Stoffwechsel sich auch auf die Gehirnentwicklung im menschlichen Fötus auswirkt. Aktuelle Erkenntnisse unterstreichen die Rolle der Insulinwirkung im Gehirn auf den peripheren Stoffwechsel und die Kognition: So konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine hohe Insulinsensitivität des Gehirns mit einer Gewichtsabnahme während einer Lebensstil-Intervention verbunden und mit einer günstigen Körperfettverteilung assoziiert ist.
Chronische Schmerzen bei Menschen mit Thalidomid-Embryopathie Eine
explorative Analyse zu Prävalenz, schmerzbezogenen Merkmalen und
biopsychosozialen Faktoren
Authors: Niecke Alexander , Ramesh Irene , Albus Christian , Lüngen Markus , Pfaff Holger , Samel Christina , Peters Klaus M. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war es, Häufigkeit, Lokalisation,
Intensität, Qualität und Chronifizierungsgrad von Schmerzen bei
Menschen mit vorgeburtlichen Conterganschädigungen
(Thalidomid-Embryopathie) darzustellen sowie die Zusammenhänge mit
biopsychosozialen Faktoren näher zu untersuchen.
Methodik Erstmalig wurde eine Gruppe von 202 contergangeschädigten
Menschen aus Nordrhein-Westfalen sowohl physisch auf das Muster der
Ursprungsschädigung, als auch psychisch mittels eines strukturierten
diagnostischen Interviews (SKID I & SKID II) untersucht. Diese
Untersuchungsdaten wurden mit einem standardisierten Schmerzinterview (MPSS)
sowie Fragebogenangaben zu weiteren schmerzbezogenen (SF-36, PainDetect) und
soziodemografischen Variablen zusammengeführt und analysiert.
Für die Analyse wurden letztlich 167 vollständige
Datensätze berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Die Schmerprävalenz betrug 94,0%. Die Mehrzahl
(107 TN, 54,0%) wies im MPSS bereits fortgeschrittene
Chronifizierungsgrade auf: 63 TN mit Stadium II (37,7%) bzw. 44 TN mit
Stadium III (26,3%). Bei 74 Studienteilnehmern (44,3%) lag im
PainDetect eine mögliche oder wahrscheinliche neuropathische
Schmerzkomponente vor. Signifikante Zusammenhänge mit
Schmerzchronifizierung zeigten sich bei Schmerzlokalisation im
Hüftbereich (p<0,001) sowie bei dem Vorliegen von psychischen
Störungen (p=0,001), insbesondere majoren Depressionen
(p<0,001), somatoformen und substanzbezogenen Störungen (je
p=0,001). Soziale Variablen erwiesen sich hierbei ebenso als
nicht-signifikant (p=0,094 für Alleinleben, p=0,122
für Erwerbslosigkeit, p=0,167 für Nichtakademiker), wie
die Versorgungssituation (p=0,191 für
Pflegebedürftigkeit) und das zugrundeliegende organische
Schädigungsmuster (p=0,229 für
Hörschädigungen, p=0,764 für Dysmelien).
Schlussfolgerungen Contergangeschädigte Menschen leiden
häufig unter einer eigenständigen Schmerzkrankheit, die als
thalidomid-induzierte Folgeschädigung verstanden werden kann . Es
besteht ein starker Zusammenhang zwischen fortgeschrittener
Schmerzchronifizierung und dem Vorhandensein von psychischen Störungen,
welcher in der einer spezialisierten und individualisierten multimodalen
Schmerzbehandlung besondere Berücksichtigung finden sollte.
Transarterial Radioembolization: Patient Selection and Microsphere Characteristics
Authors: Westcott Mark A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransarterial radioembolization (TARE) using yttrium-90 (90Y)-labeled microspheres has become increasingly adopted as an important treatment option for primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies. Rigorous patient evaluation and selection prior to TARE is critical to optimize the benefits of this therapy and minimize adverse events. Equally important for ensuring a successful 90Y program is a broad knowledge of the fundamental physical characteristics, manufacturing processes, and supply and delivery parameters of the different commercially available microspheres and those currently under investigation for use in the United States.