bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal differentiation of bone marrow NK cells and increased circulation of TIGIT+ NK cells may be related to poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zeng Xiangbo , Yao Danlin , Liu Lian , Zhang Yikai , Lai Jing , Zhong Jun , Zha Xianfeng , Lu Yuhong , Jin Zhenyi , Chen Shaohua , Li Yangqiu , Xu Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimIn order to further understand the feature of natural killer cell (NK) dysfunction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), The distribution of NK cell subset the expression of the inhibitory receptors immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), killer cell lectin‐like receptor (KLRG1), and the expression of maturation marker CD57 in NK cell subsets and their correlation with patient outcomes were analyzed in this study.MethodsWe collected peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from de novo AML (AML‐DN) patients, patients who achieved complete remission after chemotherapy (AML‐CR), and healthy individuals. An eight‐color flow cytometry panel was used to identify different NK subsets and their expression of TIGIT, CD57 and KLRG1.ResultsDecreased percentage of CD56dimCD16+ NK cells was found only in the PB of AML‐DN and AML‐CR patients but not in the BM. The expression frequency of TIGIT and KLRG1 was elevated on NK cells from the PB of AML‐DN patients, while it was recovered in AML‐CR patients. Moreover, a higher percentage of CD57+CD56dimCD16+ NK cells, representing a terminally differentiated NK subset with strong cytotoxic capacity but defective replication potential, was detected in the BM of AML‐DN patients and predicted sub‐optimal survival for patients.ConclusionThe results indicated that the NK cell subsets in the PB of AML patients had an exhaustion phenotype, while the BM NK cells had a terminally differentiated phenotype, which correlated with short survival for AML patients.
How many worlds are there?
Authors: NADASDY PAUL 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTQuestions about the nature of reality have lately become something of a preoccupation in anthropology. One prominent approach to such questions holds that different peoples inhabit distinct and incommensurable realities, or worlds. Although proponents of the “multiple‐worlds thesis” claim to be decolonizing social theory, their approach is beset by significant political and theoretical problems. I illustrate these problems by referring to my own ethnographic research in Canada's southwest Yukon. I then suggest an alternative approach: shifting the focus from multiplicity to indeterminacy. The indeterminacy framework can help us avoid the pitfalls of the multiple‐worlds thesis while leaving open the possibility that radically different understandings of the world might reveal something important about the nature of reality. Indeterminacy thus supports a more robust anti‐colonial politics than does the multiple‐worlds thesis. [ontology,indeterminacy,practice,indigeneity,Yukon]
Population pharmacokinetics of clonazepam in saliva and plasma: Steps towards noninvasive pharmacokinetic studies in vulnerable populations
Authors: Kruizinga Matthijs D. , Zuiker Rob G. J. A. , Bergmann Kirsten R. , Egas Annelies C. , Cohen Adam F. , Santen Gijs W. E. , van Esdonk Michiel J. 
Published: November 2021

AimTraditional studies focusing on the relationship between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics necessitate blood draws, which are too invasive for children or other vulnerable populations. A potential solution is to use noninvasive sampling matrices, such as saliva. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model describing the relationship between plasma and saliva clonazepam kinetics and assess whether the model can be used to determine trough plasma concentrations based on saliva samples.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects, aged 18‐30, were recruited and administered 0.5 or 1 mg of clonazepam solution. Paired plasma and saliva samples were obtained until 48 hours post‐dose. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed describing the PK of clonazepam in plasma and the relationship between plasma and saliva concentrations. Bayesian maximum a posteriori optimization was applied to estimate the predictive accuracy of the model.ResultsA two‐compartment distribution model best characterized clonazepam plasma kinetics with a mixture component on the absorption rate constants. Oral administration of the clonazepam solution caused contamination of the saliva compartment during the first 4 hours post‐dose, after which the concentrations were driven by the plasma concentrations. Simulations demonstrated that the lower and upper limits of agreements between true and predicted plasma concentrations were −28% to 36% with one saliva sample. Increasing the number of saliva samples improved these limits to −18% to 17%.ConclusionThe developed model described the salivary and plasma kinetics of clonazepam, and could predict steady‐state trough plasma concentrations based on saliva concentrations with acceptable accuracy.
Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation in intestinal carcinogenesis
Authors: Song Xueli , An Yaping , Chen Danfeng , Zhang Wanru , Wu Xuemei , Li Chuqiao , Wang Sinan , Dong Wenxiao , Wang Bangmao , Liu Tianyu , Zhong Weilong , Sun Tao , Cao Hailong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA high‐fat diet (HFD) leads to long‐term exposure to gut microbial metabolite secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), in the intestine, which is closely linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence reveals that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a critical event for the malignant transformation of cancer. Therefore, this study investigated the crucial roles of DCA in the regulation of VM and the progression of intestinal carcinogenesis. The effects of an HFD on VM formation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human CRC tissues were investigated. The fecal DCA level was detected in HFD‐treated Apcmin/+ mice. Then the effects of DCA on VM formation, EMT, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Here we demonstrated that compared with a normal diet, an HFD exacerbated VM formation and EMT in CRC patients. An HFD could alter the composition of the gut microbiota and significantly increase the fecal DCA level in Apcmin/+ mice. More importantly, DCA promoted tumor cell proliferation, induced EMT, increased VM formation, and activated VEGFR2, which led to intestinal carcinogenesis. In addition, DCA enhanced the proliferation and migration of HCT‐116 cells, and induced EMT process and vitro tube formation. Furthermore, the silence of VEGFR2 reduced DCA‐induced EMT, VM formation, and migration. Collectively, our results indicated that microbial metabolite DCA promoted VM formation and EMT through VEGFR2 activation, which further exacerbated intestinal carcinogenesis.
PDRG1 promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells by the MEK/ERK/CD44 pathway
Authors: Sun Jinmin , Xu Yixin , Liu Jia , Cui Huiyue , Cao Haowei , Ren Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractP53 and DNA damage‐regulated gene1 (PDRG1) is overexpressed in diverse carcinomas. Here, we discover that PDRG1 is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the clinical significance, biological role, and underlying molecular mechanisms of PDRG1 in GBM remain unclear. PDRG1 was aberrantly overexpressed in glioma, especially prevalent in GBM, and correlated with poor clinicopathologic features of glioma. The risk score, operational feature curve analysis, Kaplan‐Meier curve, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PDRG1 was an independent prognostic indicator and significantly correlates with disease progression of glioma. A prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict the survival risk of individual patients. The function and pathway enrichment analysis of PDRG1 in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort was performed. PDRG1 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and proliferation of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of PDRG1 knockdown U‐118 MG(U118) cells indicated that biological regulation adhesion, growth and death, cell motility, cell adhesion molecular and proteoglycans in cancer were significantly enriched. Importantly, we found that the expression of adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) was regulated by PDRG1 in GBM. We found that PDRG1 promoted the migration and proliferation of GBM cells via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)/CD44 pathway. Our findings provide proof that PDRG1 upregulation predicts progression and poor prognosis in human gliomas, especially in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wt glioma patients. The study provides new evidence that PDRG1 regulates the expression of CD44 in GBM cells and might promote the migration and proliferation via the MEK/ERK/CD44pathway. PDRG1 might be a novel diagnostic indicator and promising therapeutic target for GBM.
Effectiveness of a trauma‐informed intervention in a deinstitutionalization programme in rural Rwanda
Authors: Hunsley Jana L. , Crawley Rachel D. , Styffe Elizabeth J. , West Ashley , Call Casey D. , Hategekimana Celestin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRwanda established a programme to end institutional care and transition children to family‐based care. As part of their process in a rural area of the country, caregivers who reunited with or adopted a child from institutional care received training in a trauma‐informed intervention (Trust‐Based Relational Intervention® [TBRI®]). To evaluate the potential usefulness of this training, a mixed‐methods, retrospective design was used to examine caregiver‐perceived changes among their reunited/adopted children from pre‐TBRI training to the present day. Results revealed significant decreases in perceived challenging behaviours and trauma symptoms over time. Results from the phenomenological analysis demonstrated that caregivers perceived the training to be effective at equipping them with appropriate parenting strategies and reducing their children's struggles in the home. Findings suggest that training in a trauma‐informed intervention, such as TBRI, may be useful to equip caregivers with strategies to meet the emotional needs of children who are reunited or adopted into families. Success of deinstitutionalization requires programming to support quality family‐based care that meets both the emotional and physical needs of children, and efforts must be made to ensure these resources are included when reuniting or adopting children into families.
A practical conservation tool to combine diverse types of evidence for transparent evidence‐based decision‐making
Authors: Christie Alec P. , Downey Harriet , Frick Winifred F. , Grainger Matthew , O'Brien David , Tinsley‐Marshall Paul , White Thomas B. , Winter Michael , Sutherland William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaking the reasoning and evidence behind conservation management decisions clear and transparent is a key challenge for the conservation community. Similarly, combining evidence from diverse sources (e.g., scientific and local knowledge) into decision‐making is also difficult. Our group of conservation researchers and practitioners has co‐produced an intuitive tool and template (Evidence‐to‐Decision [E2D] tool: www.evidence2decisiontool.com) to guide practitioners through a structured process to transparently document and report the evidence and reasoning behind decisions. The tool has three major steps: (1). Define the Decision Context; (2). Gather Evidence; and (3). Make an Evidence‐Based Decision. In each step, practitioners enter information (e.g., from the scientific literature, practitioner knowledge and experience, and costs) to inform their decision‐making and document their reasoning. The tool packages this information into a customized downloadable report (or is documented if using the offline template), which we hope can stimulate the exchange of information on decisions within and between organizations. By enabling practitioners to revisit how and why past decisions were made, and integrate diverse forms of evidence, we believe our open‐access tool's template can help increase the transparency and quality of decision‐making in conservation.
HTK‐N as a new preservation solution for human kidney preservation: Results of a pilot randomized controlled clinical phase II trial in living donor transplantation
Authors: Hoyer Dieter P. , Benkö Tamas , Gallinat Anja , Lefering Rolf , Kaths Moritz , Kribben Andreas , Korth Johannes , Rauen Ursula , Treckmann Juergen W. , Paul Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHTK‐N was developed based on the traditional HTK preservation solution, resulting in stronger protection against reactive oxygen species as well as better tolerance to hypothermia and ischemia. Aim of the present study was to compare HTK‐N to HTK in clinical kidney transplantation demonstrating safety and non‐inferiority.MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled single blinded clinical phase II trial in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation. After retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy kidneys were either perfused and stored with classical HTK solution or the new HTK‐N solution. Primary endpoint was the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR according to CKD EPI) 3 months after transplantation. Secondary endpoints included graft and patient survival beside others.ResultsThe study included 42 patients, of which 22 were randomized in the HTK‐N group and 20 in the HTK group. The primary end point showed a mean eGFR of 55.4 ± 14.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the HTK group compared to a GFR of 57.2 ± 16.7 ml/min/m2 in the HTK‐N group (P = .72). Regarding secondary endpoints, there were no apparent differences. Posttransplant graft and patient survival was 100%.ConclusionThis study is the first clinical application of HTK‐N for kidney preservation and demonstrates non‐inferiority compared to HTK in the setting of living donor kidney transplantation.
The Impacts of COVID‐19 on Migrants, Remittances, and Poverty in China: A Microsimulation Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Zhan Yue , Diao Xinshen , Chen Kevin Z. , Robinson Sherman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChinese migrant workers are very exposed to the shocks caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Falling remittances adversely affect their families who rely on remittance incomes. The impacts of COVID‐19 on migrants and remittance‐receiving households are assessed using a nationally representative household dataset and a microsimulation model. We found about 70 percent of migrant workers lost part of their wage income during the pandemic lockdown period and rural migrants working in small and medium enterprises were affected the most. This led to about 50 percent of remittance‐receiving households being affected adversely by falling remittances, and the average decline in such income was more than 45 percent. Nearly 13 percent of pre‐pandemic nonpoor remittance‐receiving households could fall into poverty, raising the poverty rate among remittance‐receiving households by 4 percentage points. Many households that were poor prior to the pandemic became more impoverished. The results indicate that social protection programs targeting vulnerable migrants and their families at home are important.
Ethnische Diversität in deutschsprachigen Dermatologielehrbüchern: Ist sie vorhanden und wie wichtig ist diese? ein Mini‐Review
Authors: Gregersen Deborah Maria , Elsner Peter 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAktuell publizierte Literatur weist auf Missverhältnisse der medizinischen Versorgung in Abhängigkeit von der Hautfarbe in angloamerikanischen Ländern hin. Ein Teil dieses Phänomens wird darauf zurückgeführt, dass sich über 90 % der Fallbeispiele und Abbildungen in Lehrbüchern und Publikationen auf helle Hauttypen (Hauttypen I–III nach Fitzpatrick) beziehen. Dieses systematische Review zeigt ähnliche Verhältnisse für die deutsche Referenzliteratur. Es stellt sich somit die Frage, ob die sich diversifizierende deutsche Bevölkerung durch die aktuelle Medizinerausbildung gut abgebildet und versorgt ist.
Lupus erythematodes: Korrelation klinischer und histologischer Parameter und Vorschlag zur Modifizierung der Krankheitsklassifikation
Authors: Weldemann Anne , Ziepert Marita , Kreuz Markus , Dumann Konstantin , Simon Jan Christoph , Kunz Manfred , Ziemer Mirjana 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Einteilung des Lupus erythematodes (LE) ist widersprüchlich, erfolgt sie doch von verschiedenen Standpunkten aus. Dermatologische Klassifikationen unterteilen den LE morphologisch anhand spezifischer Hautveränderungen, rheumatologische hingegen von symptomatischen Anschauungen aus. Tatsächlich ist der LE eine systemische Autoimmunerkrankung mit variabler Akuität und Organbeteiligung. Alle kutanen Krankheitsbilder können sowohl bei limitiert‐kutanem als auch systemischem LE auftreten.Patienten und MethodikRetrospektiv wurden 76 LE‐Patienten mit vollständigen Befunden, Fotografie und Biopsie der Hautmanifestationen sowie paraklinischen Daten analysiert. Basierend auf einem publizierten zweidimensionalen Klassifikationssystem, welches die krankheitsspezifischen Hautveränderungen und die abschließende Diagnose getrennt voneinander betrachtet, wurden die Krankheitsdiagnosen revidiert und mit denen der Krankenakten verglichen. Zudem wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich die Patienten anhand ihrer LE‐spezifischen Hautmanifestationen, korrespondierenden histopathologischen Veränderungen und paraklinischen Daten nach Diagnosen gruppieren lassen.ErgebnisseNach Re‐Evaluation reduzierte sich der Anteil an Patienten mit limitiert‐kutanem LE von zuvor 82 % auf 24 %. Mehr als zwei Drittel der Patienten zeigten tatsächlich einen intermediären oder systemischen LE. Die krankheitsspezifischen Hautveränderungen, histologischen Charakteristika und paraklinischen Daten gruppierten nicht mit den Diagnosen.SchlussfolgerungenZum einen unterstreicht die Arbeit den Systemcharakter der Erkrankung. Zum anderen zeigt sie, dass mit einer zweidimensionalen Betrachtungsweise die Klassifikationsschwierigkeiten des LE überwunden werden können, da sich hautmorphologische und symptomatische Aspekte getrennt voneinander betrachten lassen.
Komorbidität bei Pemphigus: eine Fall‐Kontroll‐Studie
Authors: Bardazzi Federico , Rucci Paola , Rosa Simona , Loi Camilla , Iommi Marica , Altobrando Ambra Di 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielePemphigus ist mit physischen und psychischen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Diese Studie soll derartige Zusammenhänge bei Patienten mit Pemphigus näher untersuchen sowie die Komorbidität nach Geschlecht, Alter, dem Pemphigus Disease Area Index, der Diagnoseverzögerung und der Beteiligung von Haut/Schleimhaut analysieren.Patienten und MethodenJedem Pemphigus‐Patienten wurden acht Kontrollen mit ähnlichem Alter, Geschlecht und Wohnsitz zugeordnet. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Begleiterkrankungen bei Patienten und Kontrollpersonen wurde anhand univariater konditionaler Regressionsmodelle bestimmt. Begleiterkrankungen, die in den univariaten Modellen mit P < 0,05 mit der Diagnose Pemphigus assoziiert waren, wurden dann in einem Vorwärtsverfahren in ein multivariates konditionales Regressionsmodell eingefügt.ErgebnisseDie Studie umfasste 163 Patienten mit Pemphigus. Die hauptsächlichen Erkrankungen zum Diagnosezeitpunkt waren kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Hyperlipidämie, Autoimmunerkrankungen der Schilddrüse, autoimmune/entzündliche Dermatosen und Krebs. In der multivariaten konditionalen Regressionsanalyse waren Krebs und autoimmune/entzündliche Dermatosen unabhängig mit Pemphigus assoziiert. In Sensitivitätsanalysen, in denen vier Patienten mit paraneoplastischem Pemphigus ausgeschlossen wurden, waren diese Assoziationen ebenfalls signifikant.SchlussfolgerungenKrebs und autoimmune/entzündliche Dermatosen sind möglicherweise auslösende Faktoren für Pemphigus dar und sollten als frühe Warnsignale für diese Erkrankung angesehen werden.
Size and shape regional differentiation during the development of the spine in the nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Authors: Oliver Jillian D. , Jones Katrina E. , Pierce Stephanie E. , Hautier Lionel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractXenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters, sloths, and their extinct relatives) are unique among mammals in displaying a distinctive specialization of the posterior trunk vertebrae—supernumerary vertebral xenarthrous articulations. This study seeks to understand how xenarthry develops through ontogeny and if it may be constrained to appear within pre‐existing vertebral regions. Using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics on the neural arches of vertebrae, we explore phenotypic, allometric, and disparity patterns of the different axial morphotypes during the ontogeny of nine‐banded armadillos. Shape‐based regionalization analyses showed that the adult thoracolumbar column is divided into three regions according to the presence or absence of ribs and the presence or absence of xenarthrous articulations. A three‐region division was retrieved in almost all specimens through development, although younger stages (e.g., fetuses, neonates) have more region boundary variability. In size‐based regionalization analyses, thoracolumbar vertebrae are separated into two regions: a prediaphragmatic, prexenarthrous region, and a postdiaphragmatic xenarthrous region. We show that posterior thoracic vertebrae grow at a slower rate, while anterior thoracics and lumbars grow at a faster rate relatively, with rates decreasing anteroposteriorly in the former and increasing anteroposteriorly in the latter. We propose that different proportions between vertebrae and vertebral regions might result from differences in growth pattern and timing of ossification.
Disruptive Innovation and the Relational Novelty
Authors: Sidorkin Alexander M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis essay is a critique of Clayton Christensen's theory of disruptive innovations as it is applied to education. In it, Alexander Sidorkin shows that education is different from other industries because of its relational nature. Using Boris Groys's theory of novelty, Sidorkin suggests how the “difference beyond difference” can be used to reconstruct the notion of educational innovation.
The Red Fish in a Shoal of Greenish‐Blue Fish? A Critique of the Biomedical Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Leysen Joyce , Jacobs Delphine , Ramaekers Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe biomedical model states that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, called autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this article, Joyce Leysen, Delphine Jacobs, and Stefan Ramaekers argue that this is a narrow way of looking at autism and, further, that the biomedical view has implications for our understanding of parenthood and circumscribes the pedagogical agency of parents of children diagnosed with ASD. The authors adopt a critical stance toward assumptions implicit in the biomedical model concerning autism, reject the model's status as a norm, and problematize the demands the biomedical approach places on parents. As both the object of analysis and an illustration of their argument, Leysen, Jacobs, and Ramaekers use an example of neurodiscourse that introduces the biomedical model of ASD on the public stage to a broad audience. Then, they propose that Martin Buber's thoughts on continual beginning anew, the dialogical nature of the parent–child relationship, and the importance of attention to the whole human being can provide a means to open up the currently narrow confines of the biomedical perspective on autism. Finally, the authors use Buber's concepts to articulate a pedagogical view on the parent–child relationship that restores parents' pedagogical agency.