bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground-truth-free deep learning for artefacts reduction in 2D radial cardiac cine MRI using a synthetically generated dataset
Authors: Chen D , Schaeffter T , Kolbitsch C , Kofler A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we consider the task of image reconstruction in 2D radial cardiac cine MRI using deep learning (DL)-based regularization. As the regularization is achieved by employing an image-prior predicted by a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN), the quality of the image-prior is of essential importance. The achievable performance of any DL-based method is limited by the amount and the quality of the available training data. For fast dynamic processes, obtaining good-quality MR data is challenging because of technical and physiological reasons. In this work, we try to overcome these problems by a transfer-learning approach which is motivated by a previously presented DL-method (XT,YT U-Net). There, instead of training the network on the whole 2D dynamic images, it is trained on 2D spatio-temporal profiles (xt,yt-slices) which show the temporal changes of the imaged object. Therefore, for the training and test data, it is more important that their spatio-temporal profiles share similar local features rather than being images of the same anatomy. This allows us to equip arbitrary data with simulated motion that resembles the cardiac motion and use it as training data. By doing so, it is possible to train a CNN which is applicable to cardiac cine MR data without using ground-truth cine MR images for training. We demonstrate that combining XT,YT U-Net with the proposed transfer-learning strategy delivers comparable performance to CNNs trained on cardiac cine MR images and in some cases even qualitatively surpasses these. Additionally, the transfer-learning strategy was investigated for a 2D and 3D U-Net. The images processed by the the CNNs were used as image-priors in the CNN-regularized iterative reconstruction. The XT,YT U-Net yielded visibly better results than the 2D U-Net and slightly better results than the 3D U-Net when used in combination with the presented transfer learning-strategy.
Gyrokinetic investigation of Alfvén instabilities in the presence of turbulence
Authors: Biancalani A , Bottino A , Di Siena A , Gürcan Ö , Hayward-Schneider T , Jenko F , Lauber P , Mishchenko A , Morel P , Novikau I , Vannini F , Villard L , Zocco A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nonlinear dynamics of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (BAEs) driven by energetic particles (EPs) in the presence of ion-temperature-gradient turbulence is investigated, by means of selfconsistent global gyrokinetic simulations and analytical theory. A tokamak magnetic equilibrium with large aspect ratio and reversed shear is considered. A previous study of this configuration has shown that the electron species plays an important role in determining the nonlinear saturation level of a BAE in the absence of turbulence (Biancalani et al 2020 J. Plasma Phys.). Here, we extend the study to a turbulent plasma. The EPs are found modify the heat fluxes by introducing energy at the large spatial scales, mainly at the toroidal mode number of the dominant BAE and its harmonics. In this regime, BAEs are found to carry a strong electron heat flux. The feed-back of the global relaxation of the temperature profiles induced by the BAE, and on the turbulence dynamics, is also discussed.
Spin angular momentum of gravitational wave interference
Authors: Xin Shuo , Long Yang , Ren Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spin angular momentum (SAM) is an important feature for wave systems, prominent in various properties like spin-momentum locking of wave propagations. Here, we study the SAM of gravitational waves in general relativity based on the Noether theorem in classical field theory. We demonstrate gravitational wave spin in various interference cases and evanescent waves, which is manifested as locally rotating metric perturbations, driving particles on geodesic spheroid locally deformed in elliptical trajectories. For non-polarized gravitational wave modes of zero SAM, their superpositions can induce nonzero density of SAM with interfered patterns. The evanescent gravitational wave shows clear SAM, which is also a consequence of wave interference between propagating and transverse evanescent components. The spin-momentum locking relations are clearly present for all different interference cases of wave modes and components based on general relativity.
Anomalous cell sorting behavior in mixed monolayers discloses hidden system complexities
Authors: Heine Paul , Lippoldt Jürgen , Reddy Gudur Ashrith , Katira Parag , Käs Josef A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In tissue development, wound healing and aberrant cancer progression cell–cell interactions drive mixing and segregation of cellular composites. However, the exact nature of these interactions is unsettled. Here we study the dynamics of packed, heterogeneous cellular systems using wound closure experiments. In contrast to previous cell sorting experiments, we find non-universal sorting behavior. For example, monolayer tissue composites with two distinct cell types that show low and high neighbor exchange rates (i.e., MCF-10A & MDA-MB-231) produce segregated domains of each cell type, contrary to conventional expectation that the construct should stay jammed in its initial configuration. On the other hand, tissue compounds where both cell types exhibit high neighbor exchange rates (i.e., MDA-MB-231 & MDA-MB-436) produce highly mixed arrangements despite their differences in intercellular adhesion strength. The anomalies allude to a complex multi-parameter space underlying these sorting dynamics, which remains elusive in simpler systems and theories merely focusing on bulk properties. Using cell tracking data, velocity profiles, neighborhood volatility, and computational modeling, we classify asymmetric interfacial dynamics. We indicate certain understudied facets, such as the effects of cell death & division, mechanical hindrance, active nematic behavior, and laminar & turbulent flow as their potential drivers. Our findings suggest that further analysis and an update of theoretical models, to capture the diverse range of active boundary dynamics which potentially influence self-organization, is warranted.
Loops and polarization in strong-field QED
Authors: Torgrimsson Greger 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a previous paper we showed how higher-order strong-field-QED processes in long laser pulses can be approximated by multiplying sequences of ‘strong-field Mueller matrices’. We obtained expressions that are valid for arbitrary field shape and polarization. In this paper we derive practical approximations of these Mueller matrices in the locally-constant- and the locally-monochromatic-field regimes. The spin and polarization can also change due to loop contributions (the mass operator for electrons and the polarization operator for photons). We derive Mueller matrices for these as well, for arbitrary laser polarization and arbitrarily polarized initial and final particles.
Comparative study of ferromagnetic hybrid (manganese zinc ferrite, nickle zinc ferrite) nanofluids with velocity slip and convective conditions
Authors: Zhao Tie-Hong , Khan M Ijaz , Qayyum Sumaira , Naveen Kumar R , Chu Yu-Ming , Prasannakumara B C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current article explores the effect of viscous dissipation on the hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. Further, different nanoparticles can be used to enhance the thermal conductivity of the fluid. The resultant suspension is examined with the effect of velocity slip. The velocity slip effect is incorporated in the boundary condition of the momentum equation. Heat transfer analysis is done in presence of convective conditions and thermal radiation. Comparative study of different hybrid nanofluids and nanofluid is considered. Here we have chosen manganese Zinc ferrite MnZnFe2O4 and Nickle Zinc ferrite NiZnFe2O4 as nanoparticles in base fluids Kerosene oil and engine oil. Mathematical modeling of the present flow system is illustrated and solved by the shooting built-in method. Graphs for velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are presented for different parameters. Here we noticed that velocity profile of

MnZnF

e

2

O

4

−
NiZnF

e

2

O

4

−

C

1
0

H

2
2

−

C

8

H

18

is maximum as compared to other hybrid nanofluids. Velocity and temperature have opposite effects against slip parameter. The temperature of the fluid rises with Biot number and thermal radiation.
Cross-correlations as a diagnostic tool for primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Malhotra Ameek , Dimastrogiovanni Ema , Fasiello Matteo , Shiraishi Maresuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore and corroborate, by working out explicit
examples, the effectiveness of cross-correlating stochastic
gravitational wave background anisotropies with CMB temperature
fluctuations as a way to establish the primordial nature of a given
gravitational wave signal. We consider the case of gravitational
wave anisotropies induced by scalar-tensor-tensor primordial
non-Gaussianity. Our analysis spans anisotropies exhibiting
different angular behaviours, including a quadrupolar dependence. We
calculate the expected uncertainty on the non-linearity parameter
FNL obtained as a result of cross-correlation measurements
for several proposed experiments such as the ground-based Einstein
Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and the space-based Big-Bang
Observer. As a benchmark for future survey planning, we also
calculate the theoretical, cosmic-variance-limited, error on the
non-linearity parameter.
Multi-modal artificial dura for simultaneous large-scale optical access and large-scale electrophysiology in non-human primate cortex
Authors: Griggs Devon J , Khateeb Karam , Zhou Jasmine , Liu Teng , Wang Ruikang , Yazdan-Shahmorad Azadeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Non-human primates (NHPs) are critical for development of translational neural technologies because of their neurological and neuroanatomical similarities to humans. Large-scale neural interfaces in NHPs with multiple modalities for stimulation and data collection poise us to unveil network-scale dynamics of both healthy and unhealthy neural systems. We aim to develop a large-scale multi-modal interface for NHPs for the purpose of studying large-scale neural phenomena including neural disease, damage, and recovery. Approach. We present a multi-modal artificial dura (MMAD) composed of flexible conductive traces printed into transparent medical grade polymer. Our MMAD provides simultaneous neurophysiological recordings and optical access to large areas of the cortex (∼3 cm2) and is designed to mitigate photo-induced electrical artifacts. The MMAD is the centerpiece of the interfaces we have designed to support electrocorticographic recording and stimulation, cortical imaging, and optogenetic experiments, all at the large-scales afforded by the brains of NHPs. We performed electrical and optical experiments bench-side and in vivo with macaques to validate the utility of our MMAD. Main results. Using our MMAD we present large-scale electrocorticography from sensorimotor cortex of three macaques. Furthermore, we validated surface electrical stimulation in one of our animals. Our bench-side testing showed up to 90% reduction of photo-induced artifacts with our MMAD. The transparency of our MMAD was confirmed both via bench-side testing (87% transmittance) and via in vivo imaging of blood flow from the underlying microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography. Significance. Our results indicate that our MMAD supports large-scale electrocorticography, large-scale cortical imaging, and, by extension, large-scale optical stimulation. The MMAD prepares the way for both acute and long-term chronic experiments with complimentary data collection and stimulation modalities. When paired with the complex behaviors and cognitive abilities of NHPs, these assets prepare us to study large-scale neural phenomena including neural disease, damage, and recovery.
Deep learning for robust detection of interictal epileptiform discharges
Authors: Geng David , Alkhachroum Ayham , Melo Bicchi Manuel A , Jagid Jonathan R , Cajigas Iahn , Chen Zhe Sage 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Automatic detection of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs, short as ‘spikes’) from an epileptic brain can help predict seizure recurrence and support the diagnosis of epilepsy. Developing fast, reliable and robust detection methods for IEDs based on scalp or intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) may facilitate online seizure monitoring and closed-loop neurostimulation. Approach. We developed a new deep learning approach, which employs a long short-term memory network architecture (‘IEDnet’) and an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (AC-GAN), to train on both expert-annotated and augmented spike events from iEEG recordings of epilepsy patients. We validated our IEDnet with two real-world iEEG datasets, and compared IEDnet with the support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifiers on their detection performances. Main results. IEDnet achieved excellent cross-validated detection performances in terms of both sensitivity and specificity, and outperformed SVM and RF. Synthetic spike samples augmented by AC-GAN further improved the detection performance. In addition, the performance of IEDnet was robust with respect to the sampling frequency and noise. Furthermore, we demonstrated the cross-institutional generalization ability of IEDnet while testing between two datasets. Significance. IEDnet achieves excellent detection performances in identifying interictal spikes. AC-GAN can produce augmented iEEG samples to improve supervised deep learning.
Plasma steering to avoid disruptions in ITER and tokamak power plants
Authors: Boozer Allen H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Steering tokamak plasmas is commonly viewed as a way to avoid disruptions and runaway electrons. Plasma steering sounds as safe as driving to work but will be shown to more closely resemble driving at high speed through a dense fog on an icy road. The long time required to terminate an ITER discharge compared to time over which dangers can be foreseen is analogous to driving in a dense fog. The difficulty of regaining plasma control if it is lost resembles driving on an icy road. Disruptions and runaways are associated with three issues—a solution to one tends to complicate the solution to the other two: loss of plasma position control, excessive heat deposition, and wall melting due to runaway electrons. All three risks must be addressed for ITER to achieve its mission and essentially eliminated before tokamak power plants can be deployed.
MEMS-based electric field sensor with environmental adaptability consideration and its application in the near-ground atmosphere
Authors: Xiaolong WEN , Yang Pengfei , Zhaozhi CHU , Peng Chunrong , Yutao LIU , Shuang WU 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The near-ground electric field (E-field) is an important parameter needed to be measured for lightning warning systems. Yet, most of the E-field sensors are based on bulky and expensive rotate-vane mills. This paper presents a novel MEMS(Micro-electro-mechanical Systems)-based sensor and its application in near-ground atmospheric E-field long-term monitoring. We solve the problem of environmental adaptability by means of a novel macromolecular polymer package and moisture-proof design. To enhance the electric field resolution, a Φ 36mm×17mm probe is mounted separately from the signal processing circuit. Both finite element simulation and experimental results prove that this sensor could detect the electric field as small as 5V/m. The real-time monitoring data have a good consistency with those of the commercial electric field mill.
Piston Error Evaluation and Correction for Multi-aperture Imaging System
Authors: Junhong Qian , Hewei Liu , Ting Liu , Xiugang Ma , Ye Tao , Yulong Ji , Rongzhu Zhang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the imaging quality of a three-aperture Golay3 imaging system is studied. The formula of point spread function (PSF) is derived when piston errors exist among each subaperture. The 1951 resolution target is used to analyze the imaging quality under the influence of different piston errors. To evaluate the imaging quality quantificationally, the Tenengrad function based on image gradient definition is employed. The fast steering mirror (FSM) controlled by PZT is used to eliminate the phase error in the optical structure of the Golay3 imaging system. The principle and formula of piston error correction are introduced. Using the Tenengrad function, the relationship between the movement of PZT and the image sharpness is obtained. Through the simulation of piston error correction, the piston error p = λ/2 in the system can be completely corrected when the PZT movement p’ = 0.35λ.
Pulsed laser deposition of high-quality diamond-like carbon films under an inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Huang Guojun , Lu Yimin , Wang Sai , Ding Fangzheng , Wei Shangfang , Mi Chaowei , Tian Fangtao , Chu Hua , Cheng Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-quality diamond-like carbon film was deposited on silicon substrate by magnetic field-enhanced pulsed laser deposition. The motion tracks of carbon ions in the inhomogeneous magnetic field were simulated. The thickness and surface morphology of carbon film were characterized by surface profilometer and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Mechanical property was evaluated by an indenter. The results showed that the deposition rate of the carbon film prepared under the magnetic field increased 1.7 times than that of the carbon film without magnetic field. The surface of the carbon films constructed of columnar particle arrays with the size ranging from 20 nm to 30 nm was improved and the roughness was decreased from 3.22 nm to 0.93 nm. The nano-hardness of the carbon film was 53.4 GPa, which increased by 18.1% than that of carbon film deposited without magnetic field. The experiment and simulation on the magnetic field-enhanced pulsed laser deposition proved that the new method of film preparation by magnetic filtration laser plasma deposition is feasibility.
Comparative study of internal force at lecture building in special region of Yogyakarta between 2D and 3D models with response spectrum method based on SNI 1726-2019
Authors: Utami S , Widodo S , Jaya D J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the important things in structural planning is structural analysis. Indonesia has earthquake resistance guidelines for building structures starting from SNI 1726-1989 to the latest version, namely SNI 1726-2019. Yogyakarta Special Region is an active and complex seismic area due to tectonic plate collision activity accompanied by local fault activity on the mainland, so it has a high level of seismic activity, therefore structural planning must pay attention to seismic aspects. Not all buildings in the special area of Yogyakarta use the latest earthquake-resistant building structure guidelines, so a review of the structure must be reviewed. In analyzing the structure, there are two models, namely, 2D and 3D structural analysis using structural analysis software to obtain the internal force value. The study of internal force comparison between 2D and 3D models of dynamic response spectrum method according to SNI 1726-2019 is carried out on the 4-floor lecture building structure used to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the two models. The results of the internal force structure analysis show that the value of the internal force with the 2D model is greater than the 3D model due to differences in the distribution of the working load.
Implementation of construction supply chain flow based on SCOR 12.0 performance standards
Authors: Sholeh M N , Nurdiana A , Dharmo B , Suharjono  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) is a supply chain performance measurement model that has been widely used in the manufacturing industry with the latest model version 12.0. This article presents the adoption and development of a construction supply chain performance measurement framework in Indonesia based on SCOR 12.0. The supply chain supply for ready mix concrete and steel as a case study consists of contracts, on-site inspection, material usage, and payment. Simulations were carried out on Project X with precast concrete supplied by ready mix concrete and steel with three suppliers each. Performance indicators from SCOR are analyzed and simulated to be implemented in the supply chain flow. The result is a contract phase with overall value at riks (OVAR), on-site inspection with perfect order fulfillment (POF) and order fulfillment cycle time (OFCT), use of materials with upside supply chain adaptability (USCA) and downside supply chain adaptability (DSCA), payment with total supply chain management costs (TSCMC) and the cost of goods sold (COGS), and overall flow with cash-to-cash cycle time (CCT), return on supply chain fixed assets (RSCFA), return on working capital (ROWC).
Training needs analysis for management of facilities and infrastructure learning automotive engineering
Authors: Hardiyanta R A P , Suyanto W , Arifin Z , Mujaki A , Saputro R D A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to: (1) identify problems of management of facilities and infrastructure practices of the automotive engineering department at Muhammadiyah Gamping Vocational School, (2) find the causes of problems management facilities and infrastructure practices of the automotive engineering department at Muhammadiyah Gamping Vocational School, and (3) formulate solutions to solve problems facility management and infrastructure practices majoring in automotive engineering at Muhammadiyah Gamping Vocational School. This research was conducted in March 2020. This research is a descriptive research using questionnaires and interviews to retrieve data. The population in this study were: (1) the principal, (2) the vice principal in the field of facilities and infrastructure, (3) the head of expertise competence, (4) the head of the workshop, and (5) the technician/toolman. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that: (1) Problems that exist in the management of facilities and infrastructure practices of the automotive engineering department at Muhammadiyah Gamping Vocational School : (a) lack of motivation to work, (b) facilities and infrastructure are not well organized, (c) taste lacking, (d) low work discipline, and (d) low technical competence; (2) the causes of problems that occur include: (a) educational qualifications that are not appropriate, (b) do not have relevant expertise certificates, (c) there is no education and training that is in line with expectations; (3) an alternative solution that can be held is training of facilities and infrastructure managers in the practice of automotive majors at the Muhammadiyah Gamping Vocational School with competencies: (a) technical competence, (b) communication, and (c) workshop management.