bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in condition alerts for home care recipients: A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial
Authors: Hatfield Laura A. , Caudry Daryl , Grabowski David C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPaid home care providers (caregivers) are in close, regular contact with people for whom they care (clients). This study evaluated whether caregivers, by noting changes in physical and mental health, could prevent hospitalizations.DesignStepped wedge cluster randomized trial with 4 sequences, 244 clusters, an open cohort, and continuous outcome assessment.SettingFranchises of a national home care company.ParticipantsEligible clusters were all franchises operating at the study start, excluding those in a previous pilot. The sample included all clients who received private‐pay home care services from an eligible franchise, could be linked to Medicare enrollment records, and were enrolled in fee‐for‐service Medicare.InterventionA telephone‐ and app‐based questionnaire at the end of each caregiving shift asked caregivers whether they noted changes in mental or physical health of their client. This generated a change‐in‐condition report that staff at the franchise office addressed at their discretion (e.g., by contacting clients or primary care providers). The control condition was no questionnaire. The study was unblinded. Clusters were randomized to four treatment sequences in eight strata of franchise characteristics.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was hospitalization during months of home care enrollment. Secondary outcomes were emergency department (ED) visits and mortality.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐four franchises were randomized to the four sequences (n = 40, 66, 68, 70 franchises, respectively) and 40,137 people were observed during 276,938 person‐months of home care enrollment. We found no evidence of impact on hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 1.10), ED visits (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.08), or mortality (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.19).ConclusionA technology‐enabled intervention to identify health changes among home care recipients did not show evidence of impact on hospitalizations, ED visits, or mortality. Providing change‐in‐condition reports to home care staff, without a structured response to manage these changes, was not effective at improving care.
Introduction: Covid‐19 and the conditions and struggles of agrarian classes of labour
Authors: Pattenden Jonathan , Campling Liam , Castañón Ballivián Enrique , Gras Carla , Lerche Jens , O'Laughlin Bridget , Oya Carlos , Pérez‐Niño Helena , Sinha Shreya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCovid‐19 generated a crisis in capitalism, but not of capitalism. Capitalism reproduces itself in crisis and in ways that have significant but uneven impacts on the conditions and struggles of agrarian classes of labour. This article explores preliminary studies of how Covid‐19 has affected agrarian social formations in Africa, Asia and Latin America and the farmers, petty commodity producers, labourers and agribusinesses who populate them. It considers some of the implications for wage‐labour, agriculture, accumulation and social reproduction including care work. And it briefly considers Covid‐19's political impacts—in terms of the role of the state and possibilities for challenging capitalism, its violence and its ecological crisis.
Maternal risk factors and pregnancy complications associated with low birth weight neonates in preterm birth
Authors: Liu Weiqi , Liu Qiaoling , Liu Weiling , Qiu Cuiqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the association between common pregnancy complications and low birth weight (LBW) neonates in preterm birth.MethodsThe study included 1764 pregnant women who experienced a single birth prematurely at a city hospital in Guangzhou, China between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. A total of 874 normal birth weight neonates and 890 LBW neonates were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify and measure risk factors; two‐tailed test was applied, with a p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsHypertension was the primary risk factor of LBW in preterm neonates, odds ratio (OR) = 2.912 (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.044–4.149), followed by hypothyroidism, OR = 1.807 (p = 0.046; 95% CI, 1.012–3.226), placental abruption, OR = 1.759 (p = 0.049; 95% CI, 1.002–3.087), reproductive tract infection, OR = 1.746 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.325–2.301), abnormal amniotic fluid volume, OR = 1.737 (p = 0.003; 95% CI, 1.202–2.501), and fetal distress OR = 1.690 (p = 0.012; 95% CI, 1.120–2.551).ConclusionPreventing risk factors, such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, and reproductive tract infections, during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of LBW neonates.
The predictive value of first‐trimester anthropometric and ultrasonographic adipose tissue measurements in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aydın Gültekin A. , Özsoy Hilal G. T. , Akdur Pınar Ö. , Özgen Gülten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimPrevious studies in pregnant women reported a strong correlation between first‐trimester ultrasonographic visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measurements and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the following weeks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of ultrasonographic subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue measurements between 11th and 14th weeks of gestation to predict GDM during the 24th to 28th gestational weeks.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included a total of 142 pregnant women. Between 11th and 14th gestational weeks, we performed blinded measurements of intraperitoneal, perirenal, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses using ultrasonography. Between 24th and 28th gestational weeks, each participant underwent one‐step GDM screening, and the measurement data were assessed for prognostic significance.ResultsOf the 142 women included, 19 (8.8%) were diagnosed with GDM. The mean intraperitoneal and maximum subcutaneous fat thickness were 51.59 ± 22.49 and 19.79 ± 12.52 mm, respectively for the GDM group and 39.88 ± 13.73 and 13.24 ± 5.70 mm, respectively for the non‐GDM group. Although we observed statistically significant differences between the GDM and non‐GDM groups in terms of current body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous and intraperitoneal fat thicknesses, and waist and hip circumference values, the logistic regression model showed that only current BMI had a significant association with the increasing GDM frequency.ConclusionIn this study investigating the clinical utility of first‐trimester ultrasonographic VAT measurements during the 24th to 28th gestational weeks for the diagnosis of GDM, BMI seems to be a more useful predictor than the other anthropometric tools. However, further large‐scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Altered brain activity related to inhibitory processing in youth with insomnia
Authors: Ling Jiefan , Lin Xuanyi , Li Xiao , Chan Ngan Yin , Zhang Jihui , Wing Yun Kwok , Hu Xiaoqing , Li Shirley Xin 
Published: June 2021

SummaryInsomnia has been shown to negatively affect one's cognitive functioning. While there has been some evidence suggesting sleep disruption in relation to impaired inhibitory control, a major component of executive function, little is known about the underlying neural processing in insomnia. The current study aimed to examine the differences in the behavioral responses and electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of inhibitory control between youths with insomnia and healthy sleepers. Twenty‐eight participants with insomnia disorder and 31 healthy sleeper controls aged between 15 and 25 completed the study. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded during the Cued Go/NoGo (CGNG) task, a task assessing inhibitory control. Although insomnia group exhibited comparable behavioral performance to the healthy sleeper group, they showed impaired attention preparation, as displayed by a smaller contingent negative variation (CNV) component (F = 4.10,p = 0.048) after cue onset; and demonstrated impaired inhibitory control, as evidenced by smaller N2 and theta power on 200–350 ms (MANCOVA multivariate Group effect,F = 5.85,p < 0.001). The results suggested that youths with insomnia demonstrated altered brain activity during inhibitory control, despite their comparable behavioral performance. Given that impaired inhibitory control is often implicated in psychopathology, future studies with a longitudinal design are needed to further explore the long‐term impacts and trajectory of altered inhibitory control in youths with insomnia.
Thinking beyond the data: When the sea went dark
Authors: Larsen Stuart. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFive mass extinction events in earth's history each resulted in major oceanic species loss. All of these appear to be associated with significant atmospheric aerosol loading and a reduction in sunlight intensity at the surface. Importantly for marine species, it is not only the intensity of the incident light, but also its colour that is important as, within the ocean, only light with wavelengths less than about 550 nm penetrate to significant depths. However, it is these shorter wavelengths that are preferentially absorbed by atmospheric aerosol, with this effect thereby amplifying any reduction of light within the sea. This was modelled for various aerosol loadings, and it is shown that the amount of light in the sea, required for photosynthesis and visual predation, is especially sensitive to the aerosol loading and type.
Vitamin C levels in a Central‐African mother–infant cohort: Does hypovitaminosis C increase the risk of enteric infections?
Authors: Moya‐Alvarez Violeta , Koyembi Jean‐Christophe Junior , Kayé Laure M. , Mbecko Jean‐Robert , Sanke‐Waîgana Hugues , Djorie Serge Ghislain , Nyasenu Yawo Tufa , Mad‐Bondo Daniel , Kongoma Jean‐Bertrand , Nakib Samir , Madec Yoann , Ulmann Guillaume , Neveux Nathalie , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Vray Muriel , Marteyn Benoît 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the MITICA (Mother‐to‐Infant TransmIssion of microbiota in Central‐Africa) study, 48 mothers and their 50 infants were followed from delivery to 6 months between December 2017 and June 2019 in Bangui (Central‐African Republic). Blood tests and stool analyses were performed in mothers at delivery, and their offspring at birth, 11 weeks and 25 weeks. Stool cultures were performed in specific growth media for Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Campylobacter, Enerobacter, Vibrio cholerae, Citrobacter and Klebsiella, as well as rotavirus, yeasts and parasitological exams. The median vitamin C levels in mothers at delivery were 15.3 μmol/L (inter‐quartile‐range [IQR] 6.2–27.8 μmol/L). In infants, the median vitamin C levels at birth were 35.2 μmol/L (IQR 16.5–63.9 μmol/L). At 11 and 25 weeks, the median vitamin C levels were 41.5 μmol/L (IQR 18.7–71.6 μmol/L) and 18.2 μmol/L (IQR 2.3–46.6 μmol/L), respectively. Hypovitaminosis C was defined as seric vitamin C levels <28 μmol/L and vitamin C deficiency was defined as vitamin C levels <11 μmol/L according to the WHO definition. In mothers, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis‐C and vitamin C deficiency at delivery was 34/45 (75.6%) and 19/45 (42.2%), respectively. In infants, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis‐C and vitamin C deficiency at 6 months was 18/33 (54.6%) and 11/33 (33.3%), respectively. Vitamin C levels in mothers and infants were correlated at birth (Spearman's rho = 0.5; P value = 0.002), and infants had significantly higher levels of vitamin C (median = 35.2 μmol/L; IQR 16.5–63.9 μmol/L), compared to mothers (median = 15.3 μmol/L; IQR 6.2–27.8 μmol/L; P value <0.001). The offspring of vitamin C‐deficient mothers had significantly lower vitamin C levels at delivery (median = 18.7 μmol/L; IQR 13.3–30.7 μmol/L), compared to the offspring of non‐deficient mothers (median = 62.2 μmol/L; IQR 34.6–89.2 μmol/L; P value <0.001). Infants with hypovitaminosis‐C were at significantly higher risk of having a positive stool culture during the first 6 months of life (adjusted OR = 5.3, 95% CI 1.1; 26.1; P value = 0.038).
What is social hierarchy?
Authors: van Wietmarschen Han 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnder which conditions are social relationships hierarchical, and under which conditions are they not? This article has three main aims. First, I will explain what this question amounts to by providing a more detailed description of the general phenomenon of social hierarchy. Second, I will provide an account of what social hierarchy is. Third, I will provide some considerations in favour of this account by discussing how it improves upon three alternative ways of thinking about social hierarchy that are sometimes explicitly endorsed and sometimes suggested or presupposed in writings in philosophy and elsewhere.
Generics and the metaphysics of kinds
Authors: Liebesman David , Sterken Rachel Katharine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen renewed interest in the semantics of generics. And a relatively mainstream view in this work is that the semantics of generics must appeal to kinds. But what are kinds? Can we learn anything about their nature by looking at how semantic theories of generics appeal to them? In this article, we overview recent work on the semantics of generics and consider their consequences for our understanding of the metaphysics of kinds.
Risk factors for the mortality of hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19: A multicenter study from the overall hemodialysis population in Wuhan
Authors: Tang Hui , Tu Can , Xiong Fei , Sun Xin , Tian Jian‐Bo , Dong Jun‐Wu , Wang Xiao‐Hui , Lei Chun‐Tao , Liu Jing , Zhao Zheng , Qiu Yang , Miao Xiao‐Ping , Zhang Chun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMaintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are highly threatened in the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, but evidence of risk factors for mortality in this population is still lacking.MethodsWe followed outcomes of the overall MHD population of Wuhan, including 7154 MHD patients from 65 hemodialysis centers, from January 1 to May 4, 2020. Among them, 130 were diagnosed with COVID‐19. The demographic and clinical data of them were collected and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.ResultsCompared to the corresponding period of last year, the all‐cause mortality rate of the Wuhan MHD population significantly rose in February, and dropped down in March 2020. Of the 130 COVID‐19 cases, 51 (39.2%) were deceased. Advanced age, decreased oxygen saturation, low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on admission, and complications including acute cardiac injury (HR 5.03 [95% CI 2.21–11.14], p < 0.001), cerebrovascular event (HR 2.80 [95% CI 1.14–6.86], p = 0.025) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (HR 3.50 [95% CI 1.63–7.51], p = 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for the death of COVID‐19. The median virus shedding period of survivors was 25 days, longer than the general population.ConclusionsMaintenance hemodialysis patients are a highly vulnerable population at increased risk of mortality and prolonged virus shedding period in the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Advanced age, decreased oxygen saturation, low DBP on admission, and complications like acute cardiac injury are parameters independently associated with poor prognosis.
Reflections on theological education in non‐traditional theological contexts: The case of the course Theology of Medicine and Nursing
Authors: Lundmark Mikael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsidering the case of a Swedish university course called Theology of Medicine and Nursing, the essay describes how to establish new and relevant arenas for practical theology by teaching theology in non‐traditional theological contexts. Such endeavor requires passion, context and interdisciplinarity, in which the designer and teacher of the course “theology of X,” where X is the context in question, is passionate about theology and X. It is suggested that the teacher has personal experiences of X as well as being a trained theologian (interdisciplinarity) and to design the course so it attracts both theologians and people from the context of X. This creates a dynamic mix in the course of academic (conventional) theology students and students passionate about X that the essay argues is pedagogically important when trying to stimulate to theological reflexions on X.
GIS as a heuristic tool to interpret ancient historiography: A case study to reconstruct what could plausibly have happened according to the accounts in New Testament texts
Authors: van Altena Vincent , Krans Jan , Bakker Henk , Stoter Jantien 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines how GIS can be used as a heuristic tool to reconstruct spatial–temporal events from narratives in order to examine whether a scenario is conceivable within the narrative world. The narrative about Paul's escape from Berea (Acts 17:14–15) is used as a case study. Several interpretive issues related to spatial and temporal questions surround these texts. In the case study, three methods are applied: (a) least‐cost path analysis on elevation data to construct journeys and travel times for Roman roads; (b) network analysis to find seafaring routes valid for ancient times; and (c) the integration of spatial and temporal data in a space‐time cube. Our main finding is that the method yields insights into the spatial–temporal dynamics of the narrative. This helps a modern reader to better understand the narrative conceivability of a story in the mind of a first‐century reader.
Workplace mental health implementation strategies in public safety organizations: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Edgelow Megan , Mckinley Lauren , McPherson Matthew , Mehta Sonam , Ortlieb Aquila , Scholefield Emma 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to map workplace mental health implementation strategies in public safety organizations and describe the characteristics, participants, and contexts of these strategies.

Introduction:
Workplace mental health implementation strategies are relevant to public safety organizations due to the exposure that many public safety personnel, such as firefighters, paramedics, and police officers, have to psychological trauma in the course of their daily work. While the importance of attending to public safety personnel's mental health has been established, workplace mental health implementation strategies have historically varied in public safety organizations.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will address workplace mental health implementation strategies used in public safety organizations. It will exclude studies that do not focus on workplace mental health, do not report on the implementation strategies used, or do not take place in a public safety context.

Methods:
Primary studies published in English with any publication date up to the present will be considered. JBI methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be followed. The search will be carried out in five databases and reference lists will also be searched for additional studies. Duplicates will be removed, and two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts, and full text of the selected studies. Data collection will be performed using a tool developed by the researchers, based on JBI's model instrument for extracting study details, characteristics, and results. A summary of the results will be presented in diagrams, narratives, and tables.
Maximum—A Posteriori Estimation of Linear Time-Invariant State-Space Models via Efficient Monte-Carlo Sampling
Authors: Mejari Manas , Piga Dario 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article addresses maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation of linear time-invariant state-space (LTI-SS) models. The joint posterior distribution of the model matrices and the unknown state sequence is approximated by using Rao-Blackwellized Monte-Carlo sampling algorithms. Specifically, the conditional distribution of the state sequence given the model parameters is derived analytically, while only the marginal posterior distribution of the model matrices is approximated using a Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte-Carlo sampler. From the joint distribution, MAP estimates of the unknown model matrices as well as the state sequence are computed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a numerical example and on a real laboratory benchmark dataset of a hair dryer process.
An Analytical Model of a Rotating Radial Cantilever Beam Considering the Coupling Between Bending, Stretching, and Torsion
Authors: Wu Xianglin , Jiao Yinghou , Chen Zhaobo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the mode coupling between bending, stretching, and torsional deformations is mainly studied by presenting an analytical model of a rotating cantilever beam with pre-twist angle and arbitrary cross section. Equations of motion of the beam are derived using Hamilton's principle. The Coriolis effect due to the coupling of the bending deformation and stretching deformation, the eccentricity caused by inconsistency between elastic center and centroid, spin softening effect, stress stiffening effect, shear deformation, and rotary inertia are included in the model. Equations of motion are solved by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The natural frequencies obtained by the proposed analytical modal are in good agreement with those obtained by finite element method (FEM) which proved the accuracy of the analytical model. Finally, the coupling between different mode components is studied in detail based on a quantitative method. The transformation/conversion between different mode components is revealed, the influence of rotational speed, setting angle, and pre-twist angle on this conversion mode is studied. Results show that a specific mode shape is usually composed of multiple mode components. The essence of mode coupling is the coupling between different mode components. The influence of rotational speed, setting angle, and pre-twist angle on the mode coupling is that they cause the transformation/conversion between different mode components.
Beam–Plasma Discharge in Space and in a Lab
Authors: Shustin E. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The process and applications of a specific type of gaseous discharge—beam–plasma discharge (BPD)—are reviewed. A brief survey of the BPD theory is presented. The basic features of BPD in active geophysical experiments with injection of electron beams into Earth’s ionosphere are discussed. Studies of the physics of BPD have revealed the effects successively applied in plasma technology for processing nanoelectronic materials and structures.