bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA E A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: DESVELANDO CONCEPÇÕES E PAPÉIS DE LICENCIANDOS DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Rezende Izabelle Maria Nascimento de , Coutinho Anderson da Silva , Folena Araújo Monica Lopes 
Published: January 2021

As concepções de meio ambiente dos professores podem nortear suas práticas pedagógicas em Educação Ambiental (EA). Por isso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de EA e meio ambiente dos licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade pública federal localizada em Recife - PE e verificar o que estes pensam sobre sua formação e papéis como docentes. Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário dissertativo. O estudo das respostas foi realizado através da análise de conteúdo sob a perspectiva qualitativa e quantitativa. Quinze estudantes definem meio ambiente sob a ótica naturalista. Enquanto onze concebem meio ambiente como natureza-sistema. Sobre as concepções de EA, nove são conservacionistas; três sistêmicas-científicas e quatro eco-educativas. Onze licenciandos se consideram aptos para o trabalho com a EA no ensino básico. Dezessete relatam contribuições positivas do ensino de Ciências e Biologia para a prática da EA como futuros docentes. Diante disso, ressaltamos a necessidade de incorporar ao ensino superior uma EA sistêmica, contextualizada e humanizadora. Propiciando, assim, aos futuros professores uma formação cidadã crítica, consciente, responsável e ativa em sua realidade.
SIGNIFICADOS DA DIDÁTICA COMO DISCIPLINA ESCOLAR NOS MANUAIS DE DIDÁTICA GERAL
Authors: Hegeto Léia , Garcia Tânia Maria Braga 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa em que se analisaram configurações da Didática como disciplina escolar, tomando como material empírico manuais de Didática Geral publicados no Brasil a partir de 1980, conceitualmente entendidos como elementos visíveis do código disciplinar. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: na primeira etapa, foram localizados dezoito manuais de Didática caracterizados como obras produzidas para ensinar o professor a ensinar; na segunda etapa, foram selecionados para análise nove destes manuais, três de cada década (1980, 1990, 2000). As análises selecionadas para apresentação neste artigo referem-se particularmente aos elementos relacionados a duas categorias analíticas, o conceito de Didática e os temas apresentados como corpo de conhecimentos da disciplina. Os resultados apontaram que os debates acadêmicos no campo da Didática resultaram na focalização do objeto da disciplina em torno do ensino e dos elementos da ação docente, ressignificando suas finalidades. O código disciplinar da Didática expresso nos manuais, no período analisado, pode ser caracterizado como o de reaproximação dos seus conteúdos e finalidades com o espaço da sala de aula e com o ensino, sem desconsiderar outras dimensões que envolvem o trabalho docente.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Lifestyle of Health Care Workers in Southern India
Authors: Agarwal Mehak , Ravi Prithvi , Ramesh Chitra , Neslin Judson 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Covid-19, just like any other Pandemic has been an extremely difficult time for people all over the world; however it has been the most challenging time for the frontline staff such as health care workers. It has not just led to changes in their work environment, but has also affected their lifestyle and mental health.
Objective: We conducted this survey to analyse the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and mental health of health care workers.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the help of a questionnaire. A questionnaire was created and circulated via social media to various health care professionals. Response from participants was analysed using SPSS 16 version software and MS excel sheet.
Result: The survey reported the impact on physical and mental health. It was studied that most health care Professionals, especially the ones working in a covid environment, experienced sleep disturbances, diet and weight change, change in the level of physical activity, bowel disturbances, smoking and alcohol habit changes, mood swings, anxiety, fear, inability to concentrate, fatigue/burnout from work.
Conclusion: These changes affecting the lives of health care workers should be addressed as they can have permanent effects. Mental and physical health of medical professionals is essential, and attention should be extended to help them cope with their difficulties.
Licht aan het einde van de tunnel voor wensouders?
Authors: van der Storm N. , Mosk M.Q.M. 
Published: January 2021

Licht aan het einde van de tunnel voor wensouders?
Op dit moment is er in Nederland geen wet- en regelgeving over draagmoederschap. Op 12 juli 2019 heeft het kabinet laten weten voornemens te zijn met een regeling te komen over draagmoederschap en inmiddels is op 24 april 2020 het Concept Wetsvoorstel Kind draagmoederschap en afstamming (Concept Wetsvoorstel Kind) openbaar gemaakt ten behoeve van een online consultatie. In dit artikel beschrijven de twee auteurs tegen welke uitdagingen zij aanlopen in hun hoedanigheid als familierechtadvocaat in draagmoederschapszaken en op welke wijze het wetsvoorstel een verbetering zal betekenen voor de rechtspraktijk.
Towards standardization of cultivated two species of astragalus
Authors: G Odontuya , R Odnyam , M Nomin , Ts Nomuun , L Enkhbat , N Undrakh 
Published: January 2021

The cultivation of medicinal plants ensured a stable supply of qualitative raw materials in the drug industry. At the same time, it encourages reservation of important and unique resources of medicinal plants. Pharmacognostic characteristics of roots from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge and Astragalus mongolicus Bge cultivated in the Kherlen Bayan-Ulaan, Khentii aimag in Mongolia have been analyzed. Namely, qualitative characteristics of roots were analyzed according to the methods of Mongolian National Pharmacopoeia and the quantity of active compound saponins was analyzed by the spectrophotometric method, including their permissible limits. According to the experiments, moisture in the two roots was determined as 10.0%. Total ash from the roots was 2.38±0.05% in A.membranaceus and 4.18±0.86% in A.mongolicus respectively. Acid-insoluble ash was 0.16±0.04% and 0.28±0.07%, water-extracted compounds were 26.83±0.30% and 37.51±1.62%, respectively, which were assured the standard requirements. The quantity of active compound saponins in the root of A.membranaceus was determined at 0.044±0.009%, while in A.mongolicus 0.028±0.006%. Hence, the root of A.mongolicus contains more water soluble compounds, especially polysaccharides, while A.membranaceus contains more saponin glycosides.
Тарималжуулсан хоёр зүйл Хунчирын эмийн түүхий эдийн стандартчиллын асуудлууд
Хураангуй: Эмийн ургамлыг тарималжуулан хэрэглэх нь үйлдвэрлэлийг стандартын шаардлага хангасан түүхий эдээр тасралтгүй ханган нийлүүлж явуулах нэг арга болохын зэрэгцээ тухайн зүйл ургамлыг хамгаалах ач холбогдолтой. Манай орны Хэнтий аймгийн Хэрлэнбаян-Улаанд тарималжуулсан Сарьслаг хунчир, Монгол хунчирын үндэс түүхий эдийн чанарын тоон үзүүлэлтүүдийг Монгол Улсын Үндэсний Фармакопейнд бичигдсэн арга зүйн дагуу, биологийн идэвхт үйлчлэгч гол нэгдэл сапонины тоо хэмжээг спектрофотометрийн аргаар тодорхойлж, тэдгээрийн зөвшөөрөгдөх хязгаарыг тогтоов. Туршилт судалгааны дүнд хоёр зүйл хунчирын үндэсний чийг 10.0%, нийт үнс Сарьслаг хунчирынх 2.38±0.05%, Монгол хунчирынх 4.18±0.86%, сулруулсан HCI-д үл уусах үнс 0.16±0.04% ба 0.28±0.07% гэж зөвшөөрөгдөх хязгаарт, нэрсэн усанд хандлагдах бодисын хэмжээ 26.83±0.30% ба 37.51±1.62% байгааг тодорхойлов. Биологийн идэвхт үйлчлэгч нэгдэл сапонин нь Сарьслаг хунчирын үндсэнд 0.044±0.009%, Монгол хунчирынхад 0.028±0.006% тус тус агуулагдаж байна. Эндээс Монгол хунчирын үндсэнд усанд уусдаг бодисууд, ялангуяа полисахар их хэмжээтэй, харин Сарьслаг хунчирын үндсэнд сапонин гликозид илүү агуулагдаж байгааг тогтоов.
Түлхүүр үг: Сарьслаг хунчир, Монгол хунчир, фармакогнозын чанарын үзүүлэлт, нийт сапонин
Adsorption of chromium ion (VI) by activated coal modified with aminoprophylthriehoxylsilane – 3
Authors: Sh Nasanjargal , Yu Ganchimeg , G Burmaa , B Munkhpurev , Z Zolzaya , B Renchindulam 
Published: January 2021

“Tavantolgoi” deposit coal was activated with heated steam at temperature of 850oC for 180 minutes. Activated coal modified with aminopropyltriehoxylsilane-3 (APTES) to produce an adsorbent material for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueoussolution. The adsorption properties of chemically modified coal have been investigated under various adsorption parameters such solution pH, contact time, temperature and mass of adsorbent in order to maximize metal recovery. And thermodynamic and isotherm model parameters of the process were estimated. Optimal adsorption parameters were determined as pH=3, temperature 55оC, contact time 240 minutes and maximum adsorption capacity 12.03 mg/g. Adsorption isotherm followed Freundlich isotherm model and thermodynamic parameters calculated as ΔGо= -16.435 kJ/mol, ΔHо= 7.855 kJ/mol, and ΔSо=78.768 J/mol∙K. Therefore, activated coal modified with aminoprophylthriehoxylsilane – 3 can be used as adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution.
3-аминопропилтритоксисиланаар модификацид оруулсан идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсний хром (VI)-ыг шингээх идэвхийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Тавантолгойн чулуун нүүрсний ордын 8-р амны нүүрсийг 240 минутын турш 850оС температурт усны уураар идэвхжүүлж 3-аминопропилтритоксисилан (3-АПТС)-аар модификацид оруулан шингээгч материал гаргав. Гарган авсан шингээгч материалын усан уусмал дахь хром (VI) ионыг шингээх идэвхийг уусмалын орчин, температур, шингээлтийн хугацаа болон шингээгч материалын жингээс хамааруулан судалсан. Туршилтаар шингээгч материалын хром (VI) шингээх оновчтой орчин рН=3, шингээлтийн хугацаа 240 мин, температур 55оС ба шингээлтийн багтаамж нь 12.03 мг/г болохыг тогтоов. Шингээлтийн процесс нь Фрейндлихийн изотерм загварын дагуу явагдаж буй бөгөөд шингээгч материалын Cr(VI) ионыг шингээх процессын термодинамик үзүүлэлтүүдийг тооцоолоход Гиббсийн энерги ΔGо=-16.435 кЖ/моль, энтальпийн өөрчлөлт ΔHо=7.855 кЖ/моль, энтропийн өөрчлөлт ΔSо=78.768 Ж/моль∙К байна. Иймд 3-аминопропилтритоксисиланаар модификацид оруулсан идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрснийг усан уусмалаас Cr(VI) ялгах шингээгч материалаар ашиглах боломжтой гэж үзэж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс, 3-аминопропилтритоксисиланий модификаци, шингээлт, хүнд металл, хром (VI), изотерм
Chemical composition of the renewed fire extinguishing powder and its physical characteristics
Authors: T Azzaya , G Burmaa , S Alen , V Batsaikhan 
Published: January 2021

Water, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide and liquid chemicals are used as fire extinguishers depending on the fire types. The fire classification of ABC type includes fires caused by paper, wood, dye, fuel, oil, lubricants and flammable gases. In this work, the investigation of the procedure for re-determining the composition of prepared fire extinguishers was carried out depending on the ratio of organic and inorganic substances, and their fire extinguishing activity was tested. The Sample-1 contains about 50% of ammonium dihydrophosphate (NH4H2PO4) which is taking into account the main component and the sum of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and other inorganic and organic components by 50%. As a result of fire extinction tests, its fire extinguishing activity was higher than that of other Samples included different ratios of substances. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis of the Sample -1, the polymerization and water release process of NH4H2PO4 was detected as endothermic effect. The weight loss was occurred by 74% and 26% remained as P2O5 when temperature reached to highest degree. Some physical parameters such as moisture content, water repellence, density and particle size were analyzed according to ISO standard method and all these important parameters showed that it can meet the requirements for fire extinguishing powder standards.
Гал унтраагч шинэчилсэн бэлдмэлийн найрлага, түүний физик шинж чанарын судалгаа
Хураангуй: Ус, хөөс, хуурай нунтаг, нүүрс хүчлийн хий ба химийн шингэн бодис зэргийг галын төрлөөс хамааруулан гал унтраагчаар ашигладаг. Галын ABC ангилалд цаас, мод, будаг, шатахуун, тос, тосолгооны материал, шатамхай хий зэргээс үүдэлтэй гал хамаарна. Энэхүү ажлаар импортын гал унтраагч бодисын найрлагыг шинэчлэн тогтоох судалгааг органик ба органик бус химийн бодисуудын харьцаанаас хамааруулан явуулж, тэдгээрийн гал унтраах идэвхийг ABC ангиллын галд туршив. Үндсэн бүрдэл болох аммонийн дигидрофосфат (NH4H2PO4)-ыг 50%, (NH4)2SO4 ба бусад бүрэлдэхүүн бодисуудын нийлбэрийг мөн 50%-иар тооцоолон авсан. Бэлдмэл 1-ийн гал унтраах идэвх нь бусад бэлдмэлүүдийн идэвхээс өндөр байв. Бэлдмэлийн термографийн судалгаагаар NH4H2PO4-ын их хэмжээний дулаан шингээн полимержих, ус ялгаруулах процесс DTA-ийн муруйд эндо эффект хэлбэрээр илэрсэн ба температурын дээд утгад жингийн алдагдал 74%-д хүрч, 26% нь P2O5 хэлбэрээр үлдсэн. Гал унтраагч нунтгийн физик шинж чанарын гол үзүүлэлтүүд болох чийг, хувийн жин, ус үл нэвтрүүлэх чадвар, ширхэглэлийн хэмжээг тодорхойлсон ба эдгээр үзүүлэлтүүд нь стандартын шаардлагуудыг хангасан байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Гал унтраагч нунтаг, идэвх, аммонийн дигидрофосфат, DTA/TG, физик үзүүлэлт
Comparative Efficacies of Antimigraine Drugs Using Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine Rats Model
Authors: Maroky Anson S. , Parthasarathy V. 
Published: January 2021

Aim: The migraine pathology is still not explained effectively. There is a common relationship between anxiety, depression, and migraine. So the aim of the study to illustrate effectively the behavioural and biomarker changes in the migraine condition.
Methods: Nitroglycerin (NTG) induced migraine rats model was used the present study. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Ergotamine, sumatriptan, and BIBN4096 were used as antimigraine drugs. The behavioural activity was measured by scratching head, body shaking, and social interaction task. ELISA detected biomarkers like interleukin 6 (IL-6), Substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in various rats brain regions such as cortex, brain stem, trigeminal ganglion.
Results: A significant reduction in hyperalgesic response and behavioral changes like scratching head, body shaking and social interaction task. Biomarkers like 5-HT, SP and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the various brain regions such as prefrontal cortex, brain stem and trigeminal ganglia of the rats in the BIBN4096 treated groups.
Conclusion: The present study showed a good antimigraine efficacy with a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonistic agent BIBN4096 than ergotamine and sumatriptan but still lack of behavioural pattern, need to explore nonpharmacological intervention along with the drug treatment.
A Nano‐Heterogeneous Membrane for Efficient Separation of Lithium from High Magnesium/Lithium Ratio Brine
Authors: Peng Huawen , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLithium extraction from salt lake brines is highly demanded to circumvent the lithium supply shortage. However, polymer nanofiltration membranes suffer from low lithium permeability while nanofluidic devices are hindered by complicated preparation and miniaturized scales despite high permeability. Here, the authors report a facile strategy to prepare positively charged nanofiltration membranes for ultrapermeable and selective separation of lithium ions from concentrated magnesium/lithium mixtures. A new electrolyte monomer (diaminoethimidazole bromide, DAIB) containing bidentate amine groups is designed to modify pristine polyamide composite membranes. Structure characterizations and simulations show that the DAIB modification brings about nano‐heterogeneity that not only improves surface hydrophilicity, but also reduces water transport resistance through the ≈100 nm thick separation layer. Water permeance of the modified membrane improves fivefold and is coupled with good stability in 200‐h continuous nanofiltration. It exhibits high lithium flux (0.7 mol m−2 h−1) for brines (Mg2+/Li+ ratio 20) at 6 bar operation pressure.
Biodegradable Calcium Phosphate Nanotheranostics with Tumor‐Specific Activatable Cascade Catalytic Reactions‐Augmented Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Fu Lian‐Hua , Wan Yilin , Li Chunying , Qi Chao , He Ting , Yang Chen , Zhang Yifan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is exploited as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the hypoxic solid tumor and the lack of tumor‐specific photosensitizer administration hinder the further application of oxygen (O2)‐dependent PDT. In this study, a biodegradable and O2 self‐supplying nanoplatform for tumor microenvironment (TME)‐specific activatable cascade catalytic reactions‐augmented PDT is reported. The nanoplatform (named GMCD) is constructed by coloading catalase (CAT) and sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) in the manganese (Mn)‐doped calcium phosphate mineralized glucose oxidase (GOx) nanoparticles. The GMCD can effectively accumulate in tumor sites to achieve an “off to on” fluorescence transduction and a TME‐activatable magnetic resonance imaging. After internalization into cancer cells, the endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be catalyzed to generate O2 by CAT, which not only promotes GOx catalytic reaction to consume more intratumoral glucose, but also alleviates tumor hypoxia and enhances the production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen from light‐triggered DVDMS. Moreover, the H2O2 generated by GOx‐catalysis can be converted into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals by Mn2+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction, further amplifying the oxidative damage of cancer cells. As a result, GMCD displays superior therapeutic effects on 4T1‐tumor bearing mice by a long term cascade catalytic reactions augmented PDT.
Rational Design of Nanomaterials for Various Radiation‐Induced Diseases Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Xie Jiani , Zhao Maoru , Wang Chengyan , Yong Yuan , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadiation treatments often unfavorably damage neighboring healthy organs and cause a series of radiation sequelae, such as radiation‐induced hematopoietic system diseases, radiation‐induced gastrointestinal diseases, radiation‐induced lung diseases, and radiation‐induced skin diseases. Recently, emerging nanomaterials have exhibited good superiority for these radiation‐induced disease treatments. Given this background, the rational design principle of nanomaterials, which helps to optimize the therapeutic efficiency, has been an increasing need. Consequently, it is of great significance to perform a systematic summarization of the advances in this field, which can trigger the development of new high‐performance nanoradioprotectors with drug efficiency maximization. Herein, this review highlights the advances and perspectives in the rational design of nanomaterials for preventing and treating various common radiation‐induced diseases. Furthermore, the sources, clinical symptoms, and pathogenesis/injury mechanisms of these radiation‐induced diseases will also be introduced. Furthermore, current challenges and directions for future efforts in this field are also discussed.
siRNA Therapeutics against Respiratory Viral Infections—What Have We Learned for Potential COVID‐19 Therapies?
Authors: Mehta Aditi , Michler Thomas , Merkel Olivia M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute viral respiratory tract infections (AVRIs) are a major burden on human health and global economy and amongst the top five causes of death worldwide resulting in an estimated 3.9 million lives lost every year. In addition, new emerging respiratory viruses regularly cause outbreaks such as SARS‐CoV‐1 in 2003, the "Swine flu" in 2009, or most importantly the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, which intensely impact global health, social life, and economy. Despite the prevalence of AVRIs and an urgent need, no vaccines—except for influenza—or effective treatments were available at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the innate RNAi pathway offers the ability to develop nucleic acid‐based antiviral drugs. siRNA sequences against conserved, essential regions of the viral genome can prevent viral replication. In addition, viral infection can be averted prophylactically by silencing host genes essential for host–viral interactions. Unfortunately, delivering siRNAs to their target cells and intracellular site of action remains the principle hurdle toward their therapeutic use. Currently, siRNA formulations and chemical modifications are evaluated for their delivery. This progress report discusses the selection of antiviral siRNA sequences, delivery techniques to the infection sites, and provides an overview of antiviral siRNAs against respiratory viruses.
Interactions between Biomedical Micro‐/Nano‐Motors and the Immune Molecules, Immune Cells, and the Immune System: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Fu Dongmei , Wang Zhen , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMobile micro‐ and nano‐motors (MNMs) emerge as revolutionary platforms for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, biosensing, non‐invasive surgery, and cancer therapy. While for applications in biomedical fields and practical clinical translation, the interactions of these untethered tiny machines with the immune system is an essential issue to be considered. This review highlights the recent approaches of surpassing immune barriers to prevent foreign motors from triggering immune responses. In addition to trials focusing on the function preservation of MNMs, examples of versatile MNMs working with the immune components (immune molecules, immune cells and the whole system) to achieve cancer immunotherapy, immunoassay, and detoxification are outlined. The immune interference part provides researchers an idea about what is the limit presented by the immune components. The coworking part suggests ways to bypass or even utilize the limit. With interdisciplinary cooperation of nanoengineering, materials science, and immunology field, the rationally designed functional MNMs are expected to provide novel opportunities for the biomedical field.
An Immunomodulatory Miniaturized 3D Screening Platform Using Liquefied Capsules
Authors: Nadine Sara , Correia Clara R. , Mano João F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA critical determinant of successful clinical outcomes is the host's response to the biomaterial. Therefore, the prediction of the immunomodulatory bioperformance of biomedical devices following implantation is of utmost importance. Herein, liquefied capsules are proposed as immunomodulatory miniaturized 3D platforms for the high‐content combinatorial screening of different polymers that could be used generically in scaffolds. Additionally, the confined and liquefied core of capsules affords a cell‐mediated 3D assembly with bioinstructive microplatforms, allowing to study the potential synergistic effect that cells in tissue engineering therapies have on the immunological environment before implantation. As a proof‐of‐concept, three different polyelectrolytes, ranging in charge density and source, are used. Poly(L‐lysine)‐, alginate‐, and chitosan‐ending capsules with or without encapsulated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are placed on top of a 2D culture of macrophages. Results show that chitosan‐ending capsules, as well as the presence of MSCs, favor the balance of macrophage polarization toward a more regenerative profile, through the up‐regulation of anti‐inflammatory markers, and the release of pro‐regenerative cytokines. Overall, the developed system enables the study of the immunomodulatory bioperformance of several polymers in a cost‐effective and scalable fashion, while the paracrine signaling between encapsulated cells and the immunological environment can be simultaneously evaluated.