bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Modification of Titanium Orthodontic Implants
Authors: Rampurawala Abdulqadir , Patil Amol 
Published: December 2021

Orthodontic miniscrews have had a considerable impact on modern orthodontic treatment, not only by providing a new source of anchors for anchorage-demanding cases, but also for force management and control. Whilst miniscrews need to be mechanically stable during treatment to provide sufficient anchorage and predictable force control, as temporary anchorage devices they need also be easy to remove after orthodontic treatment. These requirements differentiate orthodontic miniscrews from dental implants - which once placed, are not to be removed - and dictate the approach as to how their clinical performance can be optimized. Over the past decade, various titanium surface modifications and improvements in implant surface topography have shown to enhance osseointegration of endosseous dental implants. Some of these techniques have helped provide a similar enhancement of the biomechanical potential of orthodontic miniscrews as well. In this perspective, we present a brief discussion on all such reported techniques followed by a detailed account of the most recently proposed ultraviolet photofunctionalization technique - a novel chair-side surface modification method.
Ateliê de cenografia: Aprender-ensinar em tempo de pandemia
Authors: Sampaio Andre Sanches 
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho reflete sobre questões, inquietações e estratégias de ensino reveladas durante a experiência do ensino emergencial remoto, provocada pela pandemia mundial da COVID-19, no contexto da disciplina Ateliê de Cenografia II, do Departamento de Cenografia da Escola de Teatro da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em tempos tão desafiadores, a arte, com toda sua potência, possibilitou um movimento dialógico e de construção coletiva fortalecendo vínculos, escuta, criação e invenção. Afinal, o que podem gestos, muitas vezes mínimos, de atenção às singularidades e diferenças? O que pode uma relação de aprendizagem aberta aos encontros? O que podem os encontros?
DeBanda e seus múltiplos: Lugares, espaços, simultaneidades e concomitâncias
Authors: Lignelli César , Mayer Guilherme 
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em discutir facetas que compõem o percurso do espetáculo popular musical DeBanda, visando desvelar aspectos de sua complexidade. Para tal, foram considerados múltiplos relativos a acepções e versões que envolvem a referida experiência estética, as quais contém: memórias das recentes às mais longínquas, lugares, espaços, simultaneidades e concomitâncias. Percursos etimológicos e denotativos, bem como do imaginário popular, permeiam a primeira seção. A escrita segue com temporadas, formatos, sonoridades, público, transeuntes, traquitanas, tecnologias e a desventura enquanto modus operandi. Estes múltiplos embasam as reflexões que vão do laboratório a sete países nos cinco anos de perambulações de DeBanda.
La Caja Nacional de Ahorros y la banca estatal: un caso exitoso de economía asociativa entre cajas financieras en Chile, c. 1920-1950
Authors: González-Correa Ignacio 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo examina los lazos entre la Caja Nacional de Ahorros y otros bancos estatales como la Caja de Crédito Hipotecario y la Caja de Crédito Agrario entre fines del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX. Los permanentes vínculos financieros, la cooperación operativa y el Consejo Directivo compartido entre las ‘cajas’, explican el éxito y la permanencia en el mercado de las tres firmas estatales. En adición, este trabajo evidencia la relevancia de la Caja Nacional de Ahorros en el mercado del ahorro chileno: en el año 1922 más del 50% de las personas en Santiago y más del 25% de la población del país tenía una libreta de ahorro de la ‘caja de ahorros’, es decir, prácticamente todas las familias del país tenían una cuenta de ahorro en esta institución. La amplia presencia de oficinas de la Caja Nacional de Ahorros en ciudades y localidades donde ningún banco privado tenía sucursales y su sistema de visitas en terreno le permitieron capturar a una gran cantidad de clientes, sobre todo de la clase obrera, la cual estaba dispuesta a ahorrar en el sistema financiero formal. Por último, la trayectoria de estrechas relaciones entre estas empresas es uno de los principales factores que explican por qué estas instituciones fueron fusionadas en 1953 para formar el Banco del Estado de Chile.
This work examines the links among the Caja Nacional de Ahorros (National Savings Bank) and other state-owned banks such as the Caja de Crédito Hipotecario (National Mortgage Bank) and the Caja de Crédito Agrario (Agricultural Credit Bank) from the end of the nineteenth-century to the first half of the twentieth-century. The permanent financial links, the operative cooperation, and the shared Board of Directors among the “cajas” explain the success and permanence in the market of the three state-owned firms. In addition, this work shows the relevance of the Caja Nacional de Ahorros in the Chilean savings market: in 1922 more than 50 percent of the people in Santiago and more than 25 percent of the country’s population had a savings account of the ‘National Savings Bank‘ , that is, practically all the families in the country had a savings account in this institution. The wide presence of offices of the Caja Nacional de Ahorros in cities and towns where no private bank had branches and its system of field visits allowed it to capture many customers, especially the working class, who were willing to save in the formal financial system. Finally, the history of close relationships among these companies is one of the main factors that explain why these institutions were merged in 1953 to form the Banco del Estado de Chile.
LAS ASOCIACIONES DE AMIGOS DEL CAMINO DE SANTIAGO. ALTRUISMO Y COLABORACIÓN
Authors: Santos Xosé M. 
Published: December 2021

El papel de las Asociaciones de Amigos del Camino es muy desconocido en la investigación sobre la peregrinación a Santiago. Su función es crucial para entender la recuperación contemporánea del Camino, su difusión internacional y la conservación de muchas de las singularidades de la ruta. En este artículo, a través de encuestas y entrevistas, se analiza su visión actual de la peregrinación así como sus relaciones con las administraciones públicas y la Iglesia. Su labor, en contacto directo con los peregrinos, hace que tengan un buen conocimiento de las necesidades de éstos, desarrollando acciones de apoyo y orientación al caminante. Sin embargo, frecuentemente, no son tenidas en cuenta por las instituciones que gestionan los itinerarios jacobeos. Se concluye afirmando que la importancia de estas asociaciones es fundamental para mantener la dinámica de la ruta y que deben de ser superados algunos obstáculos para mantener el lugar central que ocupan en el mundo jacobeo.
The role of the Associations of Friends of the Camino de Santiago is virtually unknown in research into the pilgrimage to Santiago. Their function is crucial for understanding the modern-day recovery of the Camino, its international fame and the conservation of many of the unique features along the way. In this paper, based on surveys and interviews, we analyse their current vision of the pilgrimage as well as their relations with public administrations and the Church. Their work, in direct contact with the pilgrims, means that they have a good knowledge of their needs, developing actions to support and guide the wayfarer. However, they are often not taken into account by the institutions that manage the Jacobean itineraries. We conclude by stating that the importance of these associations is fundamental for maintaining the dynamics of the route and that some obstacles must be overcome in order to maintain the central place they occupy in the Jacobean world.
EL TURISMO DE SALUD DESDE EL ENFOQUE SISTÉMICO: APLICACIÓN A LA PROVINCIA DE ALICANTE
Authors: Hersch Glass Elke 
Published: December 2021

El propósito de ese trabajo se centra en identificar los principales fundamentos condicionantes de la demanda y de la oferta en el turismo de salud sobre la base de la teoría de sistemas. Además, se lleva a cabo un análisis empírico del turismo médico, turismo wellness y turismo medical wellness de la provincia de Alicante desde este enfoque. Metodológicamente el trabajo se fundamenta en una tarea de sistematización de la bibliografía anglo-germánica existente sobre el tema y no traducida al español. La relevancia de este artículo la constituye la novedad de su enfoque metodológico y su aplicación sobre el turismo de salud, así como su aplicación a un espacio turístico consolidado, como es la provincia de Alicante, donde esta modalidad está implantada y viene funcionando desde hace décadas.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the main determinants conditioning supply and demand in health tourism based on systems theory. An empirical analysis of medical tourism, wellness tourism and medical wellness tourism in the Province of Alicante is carried out, applying the aforementioned approach. Methodologically, the work is based on the task to systematize the existing Anglo-German literature on the subject that has not been translated into Spanish. The relevance of this article lies in the novelty of the methodological approach and its application to health tourism as well as its application to a consolidated tourist area, such as the Province of Alicante, where this modality is established and has been working for decades.
EL TURISMO COMO FACTOR DE EXPLICACIÓN DE LOS DESEQUILIBRIOS TERRITORIALES: EL EJEMPLO DE LA ISLA DE LA GOMERA
Authors: Jerez Darias Luis Manuel , Martín Martín Víctor Onésimo 
Published: December 2021

La Gomera es una de las ocho Islas Canarias, un archipiélago considerado como uno de los destinos turísticos más importantes de Europa y del mundo. Su economía se desenvolvió históricamente a través de las actividades agrarias, pero a partir de los años ochenta del pasado siglo pasó a depender del sector terciario, siendo el turismo una base económica fundamental. El modelo turístico de La Gomera ha girado en torno al tradicional binomio de «sol y playa», favoreciendo su concentración en unos pocos espacios costeros del sur, lo que ha provocado una profunda polarización territorial -desde el punto de vista económico y demográfico- entre estas localidades y el resto de entidades de la isla. La consecuencia de ello ha sido el abandono casi total del territorio insular, el cual ahora se instrumentaliza como producto de promoción turística, apoyado en la idealización del paisaje como patrimonio natural y cultural, en la presentación del mismo como un espacio bucólico que seduzca y cautive a los visitantes alojados en la costa, principales consumidores de estos espacios del interior y norte insular, pero que poco aporta a la pobre economía de los habitantes que ellos residen.
La Gomera is one of the eight Canary Islands, an archipelago considered one of the most important tourist destinations in Europe and the world. Its economy was historically developed through farming activities, but from the eighties decade of the past century, it became dependent on the service sector, with tourism being a fundamental economic basis. La Gomera´s tourism model has revolved around the classic "sun and beach" combination, favoring its concentration in a few coastal areas in the south, which has led to a profound territorial polarization -from an economic and demographic point of view- between these places and the rest of the island. As a consequence, there has been an almost total abandonment of the island territory, which is now instrumentalized as a tourism promotion product, supported by the idealization of the landscape as a natural and cultural heritage, being presented as a bucolic space that seduces and captivates visitors staying on the coast, who are the main consumers of these interior and northern areas of the island, but which contributes little to the poor economy of the inhabitants residing in these areas.
Le silence est d’or… mais que vaut l’or ? Impact de la proximité aux axes routiers sur les valeurs résidentielles unifamiliales à Québec, 1993-2004
Authors: Yao Yves-Bryand , Dubé Jean , Lubala David 
Published: December 2021

La théorie hédonique stipule que les externalités sont internalisées dans le prix de vente des biens immobiliers. Pour la proximité aux autoroutes, le défi est de taille puisque ces infrastructures génèrent à la fois des effets positifs, une amélioration de l’accessibilité, mais également des effets négatifs, notamment sur la santé des individus. En utilisant les informations sur le marché immobilier, il est possible de recouvrer la prime nette exprimant l’équilibre entre ces deux types d’externalités. L’article propose de développer une approche permettant d’isoler la prime, ou volonté de payer, associée aux externalités négatives liées à la proximité des grands axes routiers. Une application est développée pour le territoire de la ville de Québec à partir d’une analyse par appariement des transactions résidentielles unifamiliales entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent que, selon le type d’infrastructure, une trop grande exposition aux externalités négatives engendre une baisse de la valeur variant entre 6 % et 14 % du prix moyen. Ces résultats soulignent la présence d’une forme d’iniquité environnementale liée à une trop grande proximité aux axes routiers.
Caractéristiques locales et individuelles : une analyse spatiale de la croissance des établissements en région non métropolitaine
Authors: Cissé Ismaëlh Ahmed , Dubé Jean 
Published: December 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de vérifier si les caractéristiques locales et/ou individuelles influencent la croissance de l’emploi des nouveaux établissements dans la région non métropolitaine du Bas-Saint-Laurent (BSL) au Québec. À partir des microdonnées de nouveaux établissements créés entre 2008 et 2014, des indicateurs de concentration spatiale caractérisent le milieu des établissements dans un rayon de 1250 mètres. Une modélisation en deux étapes par la procédure de Heckman (1979) a permis, d’une part, de modéliser la survie (modèle probit) des nouveaux établissements et, d’autre part, de corriger le biais de sélection et d’estimer la croissance de l’emploi des nouveaux établissements (modèle SDM-Spatial Durbin Model). Les résultats montrent que les caractéristiques individuelles et locales influencent la survie des établissements. Quant à la croissance de l’emploi des nouveaux établissements, c’est en période de récession que le milieu fait la différence. En plus d’être influencée par les caractéristiques individuelles, la spécialisation industrielle relative au secteur du commerce & du transport et la variété reliée se présentent comme des milieux favorables à la croissance des établissements en période de récession.
Vers une pédagogie queer : analyse des perceptions d’élèves de 12e année du secondaire au sujet de la diversité sexuelle
Authors: Hakeem Hasheem 
Published: December 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche sur les perceptions d’élèves du secondaire à propos de la diversité sexuelle, afin d’identifier leurs constructions hétéronormatives. L’étude de cas qualitative a été menée auprès de 24 participant⋅e⋅s provenant d’une école secondaire du Grand Vancouver, au moyen d’un questionnaire, d’enregistrements sonores de discussions réalisées en classe, d’un journal de bord et de huit entretiens individuels semi-dirigés. Quoique quelques participant⋅e⋅s aient manifesté de la pensée critique et de l’introspection, plusieurs tendaient à réaffirmer des visions du monde hétéronormatives, à normaliser la diversité sexuelle et à minimiser l’impact de l’homophobie comme forme de discrimination systémique. Des pistes d’action sont proposées pour guider le développement d’une pratique pédagogique queer.
Cryoprotective activities of FK20, a human genome-derived intrinsically disordered peptide against cryosensitive enzymes without a stereospecific molecular interaction
Authors: Matsuo Naoki , Goda Natsuko , Tenno Takeshi , Hiroaki Hidekazu 
Published: December 2021

Background
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been shown to exhibit cryoprotective activity toward other cellular enzymes without any obvious conserved sequence motifs. This study investigated relationships between the physical properties of several human genome-derived IDPs and their cryoprotective activities.

Methods
Cryoprotective activity of three human-genome derived IDPs and their truncated peptides toward lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was examined. After the shortest cryoprotective peptide was defined (named FK20), cryoprotective activity of all-D-enantiomeric isoform of FK20 (FK20-D) as well as a racemic mixture of FK20 and FK20-D was examined. In order to examine the lack of increase of thermal stability of the target enzyme, the CD spectra of GST and LDH in the presence of a racemic mixture of FK20 and FK20-D at varying temperatures were measured and used to estimate Tm.

Results
Cryoprotective activity of IDPs longer than 20 amino acids was nearly independent of the amino acid length. The shortest IDP-derived 20 amino acid length peptide with sufficient cryoprotective activity was developed from a series of TNFRSF11B fragments (named FK20). FK20, FK20-D, and an equimolar mixture of FK20 and FK20-D also showed similar cryoprotective activity toward LDH and GST. Tm of GST in the presence and absence of an equimolar mixture of FK20 and FK20-D are similar, suggesting that IDPs’ cryoprotection mechanism seems partly from a molecular shielding effect rather than a direct interaction with the target enzymes.
Comparison of African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) fatty acid profiles in whole blood, whole blood dried on blood spot cards, serum, and plasma
Authors: Wood Jordan , Minter Larry J. , Bibus Doug , Stoskopf Michael K. , Fellner Vivek , Ange-van Heugten Kimberly 
Published: December 2021

Background
African elephants in managed care have presented differences in the balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, a situation primarily thought to be due to dietary differences between the managed animals and their free-ranging counterparts. Because of this, circulating fatty acid status is included in routine monitoring of elephant health. A method of blood collection that requires only a few drops of whole blood, dried on filter paper (DBS) and can be used for analyzing full fatty acid profiles offers advantages in clinical application.

Methods
This study compared the use of whole blood, and whole blood DBS, serum or plasma for use in evaluating circulating fatty acid composition in African savannah elephants. Samples from six African elephants (two males and four females) were collected during the same week at the NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC.

Results
Results found only 2 of 36 individual fatty acids and none of the 10 fatty acid groupings were different when comparing the four blood fraction sample types to each other with Mann-Whitney U-Test pairwise comparisons. Myristic acid (14:0) was lower in the DBS samples than in whole blood, serum, and plasma and pentadecaenoic acid (15:1) was slightly more concentrated in DBS and whole blood.

Discussion
Results indicate that fatty acid profile of serum, plasma, whole blood, and DBS are comparable in African elephants. The DBS method offers advantages in acquisition and handling and may be preferable to other methods in both routine health assessment of captive animals and field research on free ranging animals.
Evaluation of Major and Trace Elements Present in Extracted Humic Acid from Bog Peat
Authors: Gmeling K. , Kocsis T. , Osan J. , Kis Z. , Pocsai M. A. , Tokesi K. , Barna I. F. , Padi Gy. 
Published: December 2021

The human consumption of humic acid is increasingly relevant therefore the knowledge of exact composition is essential. To make a step in that direction we present gap filling results obtained from three different element analytical investigations of humic acid extracted from fen peat examined in the Carpathian Basin. Prompt-gamma activation (PGAA), neutron activation analytical method (NAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out. After presenting and explaining the essence of used analytical methods we show some collected spectra and a table where all the concentration of the iden- tified elements are presented with the corresponding measurement errors. All together 42 elements were identified. PACS.78.70.En, 78.70. Nx,78. 90.+t X-ray emission spectra and fluorescence, Neutroninelastic scattering, Other topics in optical properties, condensed matter aspect.
Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Fresh Water Snail (Pila Ampullacea) Shell Ash on Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Rabbits
Authors: Abang F. B. P. , Emmanuel S. S. , Attah S. 
Published: December 2021

Twenty five (25) mixed breed weaned rabbits were utilized in 84-days experiment to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with fresh water snail (Pila ampullacea) shell ash on the serum biochemical composition of weaned rabbits. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria for a period of 12 weeks. The rabbits were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments and replicated five times giving a total of one rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Rabbits were raised intensively in hutches of about 4ft × 4ft. Five experimental diets tagged T1 to T5 were formulated such that fresh water snail (Pila ampullacea) shell ash replaced bone ash at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Feed and water were served ad libitum. Bio sanitary and bio security measures were strictly adhered to. At the end of the feeding trial, three rabbits per treatment were selected for the evaluation of serum biochemistry. The parameters assayed for were: total serum protein, serum globulin, serum albumin, cholesterol, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus. The study showed that the serum biochemical indices were not influenced (P˃0.05) by the dietary treatments except for calcium which was significantly (P<0.05) influenced, however, calcium values were within the normal reference values for rabbits. This study had shown that fresh water snail (Pila ampullacea) shell ash can serve as a substitute for bone ash in weaned rabbit diet up to 100% inclusion levels without adverse effect on the serum biochemical indices.