bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bank instability and erosion problems in Bishnumati River, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Basanta Raj , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: January 2021

The Bishnumati River, a major tributary of the Bagmati River in the Kathmandu basin, suffers from bank erosion, river instability, and environmental degradation. These processes are responsible for the loss of sediments, modification of river morphology, loss of vegetative buffer zone, and deterioration of stream environment. Bank erosion hazard in the Bishnumati River was assessed at ten different reaches using bank height ratio, ratio of riparian vegetation rooting depth to bank height, rooting density percentage, bank slope, and bank surface protection. Vertical and lateral stability of the river was assessed at four reference segments, namely at Bishnumatigaun, Okhaltar, Mahadevtar, and Tamsipakha, respectively from upstream to downstream.
The riverbanks in the Bishnumatigaun segment show fluctuating trends of bank erosion potential from upstream to downstream. All the four segments of the Bishnumati River are vertically unstable and all the segments except the Okhaltar are entrenched. The Tamsipakha and Okhaltar segments have a high risk of lateral shifting, as they possess high values of bank erosion hazard index, meandering width ratio, and width-depth ratio. The Bishnumati river is in a degrading condition and capable of eroding sediments. The main causes of river instability are the excavation of river sediments, encroachment on riverbanks, clearing of riparian vegetation, and canalization.
Socialism and the Jewish Community in Slovakia
Authors: Salner Peter 
Published: January 2021

This study is based on data acquired by the oral history method and discusses the reflections of two generations of Jews in relation to the socialist regime in Czechoslovakia (1948–1989). The first generation is represented by people who had survived the Holocaust. The second generation is represented by the ‘children of the Holocaust’ (born 1945–1965). They grew up at a time when the political realm was completely dominated by theCommunist Party. Their attitudes only changed with the invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. This probe suggests differences which stem from contrasting life experiences.
Medicine Masks of the Iroquois People as Revealed by the False Faces Society
Authors: Niesyto Josef 
Published: January 2021

Present-day Iroquois are seeking to preserve traditional healing methods. Members of the False Faces Society routinely perform cleansing rituals using Hodo masks. The spiritual significance and proceedings of the rituals were conveyed by the employees of the Iroquois community center (Longhouse) and the fellow tribesmen gathered around these centers. The participants provided information on the ways of acquiring, crafting, invoking, storage, and honoring the sanctified, animated artifact – the mask. The author of the article confronts the current position of the Onondaga Reserve and the Grand River Reserve Iroquois with historical teachings. The elder generation of Indians has maintained their faith in the mystical power of the rituals, while the secularized new generation approaches them with a strong skepticism.
PROVIDING THE BEST PREVENTION AND TREATMENT FOR DIABETES PATIENTS
Authors: Hassan Khaled M. 
Published: January 2021

Diabetes is one of the main threats to human health in this century. The drastic increase in incidence of diabetes worldwide has been attributed to distinct changes in human behavior and lifestyle during the last century. To prevent the personal and socio-economic burden of diabetes effort to prevent the disease needs to start before the onset of diabetes and address all susceptibility factors. Four recent studies have shown that prevention of type 2 diabetes is possible and that reinforced lifestyle interventions / modification can significantly reduce the onset of the disease. The studies repeatedly showed that for about 60% of the persons with increased diabetes risk, compared to a control group, the diabetes was prevented from developing. Early pharmacologic preventive strategies have yielded 25-30%. These studies have convincingly demonstrated that the primary aim in prevention of type 2 diabetes is the stabilization of glucose tolerance due to improvement of insulin resistance. Based on the studies intervention protocol focuses on achieving 5 core goals. With respect to the world wide burden of diabetes this studies offer a compelling evidence-base for the important translation of the research findings into community-based prevention strategies a development of a National Diabetes Prevention Program.
Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Treatment, Prevention
MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOME IN BORDERLINE OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY
Authors: Yadav Punita , Basnet Tulsa , Yadav Shankar Prasad 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Amniotic fluid index (AFI) between 5.1 to 8 is termed as borderline oligohydramnios. Oligohydramnios has been linked with perinatal morbidity and mortality, however there are paucity of data on the effect of outcome of pregnancy among the isolated borderline oligohydramnios. This study studied the outcome of borderline oligohydramnios.
Methods: Pregnant women after 30 weeks period of gestation, with AFI 5-8 were included in the study. Pregnancy with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, congenital anomalies in fetus, previous cesarean section or any uterine surgery were excluded from the study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: 140 pregnancy were enrolled. The mean age(SD) of study population was 24.7(4.0) years. 60%. The mean(SD) gestational age at the presentation was 38.8(1.6) weeks, with range from 35.3 weeks to 42.5 weeks. Induction of labour was done in 80.2%, normal delivery was possible only in 42.1%. Meconium-stained liquor was present in 27.1%. The most common indication of cesarean section was Non-reactive Non-Stress Test (NRNST) among 51.9%. Postpartum Haemorrhage(PPH) was observed in 11.4%. There was no perinatal depression, the mean(SD) of birth weight was 2.9(0.4) kgs. 6.4% of the cases required nursery admission, among them the common causes of nursery admission were neonatal sepsis (45%) and various causes of respiratory-distress (55%. There was no neonatal or maternal death.
Conclusions: Borderline oligohydramnios was more among nulliparous with higher rate of caesarean section. However, adverse outcome like PPH, neonatal infection and respiratory distress are less frequent findings and there was no perinatal mortality.
Keywords: Borderline oligohydramnios, perinatal, maternal, neonatal, outcome.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION & DIABETIC DISTRESS IN ELDERLY TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS: A STUDY CONDUCTED AT COMMUNITY LEVEL
Authors: Rai Jai Prakash 
Published: January 2021

Background: Depression is common psychiatric illness found in chronic diseases. Diabetes is chronic multi system involvement diseases with associated diabetic distress and depressive symptoms. Patient with diabetes and Depressive disorder has worse health outcome and higher morbidity as well as mortality. Diabetic patients experience some emotional feelings like guilt, denial, stress due to being diabetic and burden of self-care and management in diabetic patients. Depression affecting the treatment modality in diabetics and which led to aggravation of diabetic symptom and so the depression. Objective: To estimate relationship between depression and diabetic distress in elderly type 2 diabetic patients in Angarpathra hospital, Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India. Material and Method: Study is conducted in 150 diabetic patients in rural areas. Demographic, clinical and diabetes related information collected by structured questionnaire. Depression is assessed using PHQ-9(patient health questionnaire).This is standardized questionnaire developed in United States and validated in Indian population. Results: Depression prevalence in diabetics patients in community is found to be 66 % (mild in 29.3, moderate in 18%, moderately severe 11.3%, severe in 7.3%).
POTENTIAL TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID 19 RELATED ANOSMIA - CHAMOMILE (MATRRICARIA CHAMOMILLA) EXTRACT NASAL IRRIGATION - A LITERATURE REVIEW.
Authors: Romella Haider, 
Published: January 2021

Corona virus or Covid-19 infection that has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic shortly after its emergence in China in December 2019, demands smart, preventive and treatment recommendations especially related to its early onset symptoms. Anosmia, has now been identified among one of the earliest presenting symptoms in Covid-19 patients. Reports of anosmia in otherwise asymptomatic persons have led to interest in this sign as a potential early indicator of this disease Medical publications about anosmia with COVID-19 are still uncertain of its causative mechanism.
The aim of this review is to provide literature review, as well as evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients with COVID-19 related anosmia, using Chamomile (Matrricaria chamomilla) extract nasal irrigation.
Extensive database search from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of science, gray literature searches from Google Scholar, WHO and Traditional Persian Medicine textbook search such as Makhzan al Adwiyehe was performed.
To support the literature, 8 most recent articles published in current year including systematic reviews and meta-analysis as well as clinical trial studies were finally selected to see the effectiveness of Chamomile in treatment of various symptoms of Covid-19.
Chamomile (Matrricaria chamomilla) extract based on its pigenin and Luteolin (causing reduction of leukocyte infiltration), a-Bisabolol (which has anti-inflammatory role), Chamazulene (that provides anti-inflammatory and antipyretic role), Guaiazulene (antipyretic), Matricin (Anti-inflammatory role) and other appreciated roles mentioned in this study may serve as a promising treatment for Covid-19 induced anosmia, especially when used as nasal irrigation.
Keywords: Chamomile, Covid-19 related Anosmia, Babouneh, loss of smell.
CAREGIVERS BURDEN OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER: COMPARISON BETWEEN SPOUSE & OTHER CAREGIVERS
Authors: Bhardwaj Atul , Dubey Vaibhav , Loya Mitali Soni 
Published: January 2021

Background: Caregivers are individuals who carry the responsibility for the physical and emotional needs of another, who is incapable of self-care. Burden is described by the presence of issues, difficulties, or adverse events which affect the lives of the psychiatric patient’s family or friends in other words their caregivers. Identification of caregivers who are burdened by the caregiving experience is significant for the prevention of problems associated with caregiving especially in case of spouses. The Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), a well-known measure of care giving burden with a distinct domain structure is used to study burden of the caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder.
Purpose: Alcohol dependency is a "family disease." Alcohol dependence affects both the person & others around them in terms of jobs and social instability. The other aspects affecting the Family includes physical and emotional pain and financial strain that have a major effect on the lives o significant others.
A significant research emphasis remains on the mental and physical health of caregivers, theirsocial support system, coping mechanisms, and levels of stress and burden. The purpose of this study is to analyse and compare the burden of patients with alcohol use disorder using CBI between spouses and other caregivers
Methods: A total of 100 primary caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder completed survey questionnaires. Caregiving burden was measured by the CBI. The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder was made in accordance to the DSM 5 criteria.
Results: Severe Burden was seen in the spouse caregivers as compared to other relations.
Conclusion: The findings provide evidence that spouse of patients with alcohol use disorder experienced severe burden as compared to others.
Keywords: Alcohol use disorder, Caregivers, Zarit Burden Inventory, Severity of burden
Potash fertilizers in the productivity of fodder crops in conditions of radioactive contamination of the territory
Authors: Chesalin Sergey F. , Smolsky Evgeny V. , Kharkevich Lyudmila P. 
Published: January 2021

Relevance. In the situation of radioactive contamination, the main factor in reducing the transition of radionuclides from soil to green feed is the use of potash fertilizer, the effect of which on the yield of fodder crops in light soils with low local fertility is not sufficiently studied, therefore, the goal of the studies is to establish the role of potash fertilizer in increasing the yield of fodder crops.Methods. Studies were carried out on lupine yellow, alfalfa variable, sudanese grass, millet, stockade beast, meadow timothy, annual raigras, oats, reed double-tine, meadow oatmeal, national team hedge in the south-west of the Bryansk region on floodplain sod cucumber, sod-podzolista.Results. The highest productivity of 23.1–26.2 t/ha of green mass was found when cultivating yellow lupin. It was found that the best efficiency of fertilizer systems in the cultivation of fodder lands was revealed on floodplain sod stubble sandy soil, for each added kg received from 59.0 to 72.5 kg of crop increase.
Regeneration of plant winter garlic <em>in vitro</em> after colchicine treatment
Authors: Romanov Valery S. , Romanova Olga V. , Gerasimova Lyubov I. , Seredin Timofey M. , Shmykova Natalia A. , Tareeva Marina M. 
Published: January 2021

Relevance. The genetic diversity of winter garlic depends entirely on the natural selection of the best and highest-yielding clones. In unfavorable abiotic factors, physiological and biochemical properties allow polyploidy plants to have greater tolerance and viability than diploid species. Obtaining the source material based on polyploidy in winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important alternative approaches to genetic improvement of this crop.Methods. From air garlic bulbs, plants were grown through in vitro culture. Pre-air bulbs were treated with 0.1% colchicine solution for 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours. Shoots and roots were regenerated by cultivating explants for 1/2 MS, with 3 mg / l 6-BAP and 0.1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid and cultured in light with an intensity of 5–8 ths. LC and a photoperiod of 18 hours. Treatment of air bulbs with 0.1% colchicine solution made it possible to obtain winter garlic plants using in vitro culture.Results. In the end, we were not able to get flowering forms from garlic using the polyploidization method. But, thanks to the cultivation of winter garlic in vitro, it became possible to accelerate the selection process by obtaining one generation per year “from clove to clove”. When working on obtaining polyploidy forms, more than one variety should be used, since the reaction of varieties to colchicine treatment is ambiguous, as is their reaction to growing conditions and survival. The most responsive for obtaining plants in vitro culture was the Yubileyny Gribovsky variety.
PREAH VIHEAR CONFLICT AND THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE
Authors: Cahyaningrum Annisa Dewi , Revalina Levita , Khoirunnisaa Pritta Ayu , Fadhilah Sri Damayanti Nuur 
Published: January 2021

Preah Vihear is one of the temples located in Cambodia. That place is known as a Hindu religious site that is very important for worship activity. As important as this site is, Cambodia and Thailand have conflicted not only once but twice regarding ownership of the Preah Vihear complex. A row over territory around Preah Vihear's 11th Century temple continues to strain relations between Thailand and Cambodia. The first conflict happened in the 1950s, while the second one started in 2008. Focusing on the second conflict, this paper studies about reasons for the re-emerge of the conflict after decades, the use of military forces in resolving this conflict, the factors that might encourage the use of military force, and the role of ASEAN in attempt to solve the problem as a regional organization that has both Cambodia and Thailand as the members using realism theories.
Keywords: Preah Vihear conflict, Thailand, Cambodia, Military force, Realism
ROHINGYA CRISIS: ASEAN's RESPONSES ANALYSIS IN THE LIBERALISM THEORY
Authors: Syarifah Dinda Nuraini Alkadrie  , Alderin Joisafita Tangdialla  , Andi Anugrah Saputra  , Oilinia Miyanda Maruhawa  
Published: January 2021

The Rohingya ethnicity in Myanmar abused in 2016 reflected an act of violence against Rohingya Muslims by the Myanmar armed forces and police. To manage conflicts that extend the humanitarian crisis in Myanmar, the role of governments is important. Because of the abuse and the complex types of human rights abuses of the Rohingya ethnicity, researchers took Rohingya ethnicity into our case study in this paper. Researchers also use the theory of Liberalism and focus on the response and the actions of ASEAN countries that are a place for these Rohingya refugees. On the actions, ASEAN has taken in the context of Liberalism. These researches use the qualitative method of analysis. Due to the data analysis, security policies consider the domestic interests of each country, which Rohingya refugees are supposed to be able to get help.
Keywords: ASEAN, Rohingya, Myanmar, Refugees, Liberalism.
ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE INTERACTION OF CAFFEINIUM COMPOUNDS WITH POLYANІОNES OF Мо AND W WITH OF 1,3,5 - TRIPHENYL VERDAZYL RADICAL
Authors: Panteleieva Olha , Plyasovskaya Kateryna , Shtemenko Olexandr 
Published: January 2021

The work continues the study on the peculiarities of the interaction of 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) compounds with polyoxometalates of molybdenum and tungsten with the artificial radical of 1,3,5- triphenylverdazyl (TFV). Using the example of a model reaction with the TFV radical, these compounds showed a special antiradical action. Based on the research results, it was found that the nature of the destruction of the radical when interacting with (HСaf)3[PМ12O40]∙6H2O (where М = Мо, W) differs from most known systems, which are characterized by a mechanism of disproportionation. The data obtained confirmed the previously made assumption about the chemical nature of these interactions. To establish the stoichiometry of the reaction between TFV and (HСaf)3[PW12O40], electrochemical studies were conducted which showed that the activity of the radical is restored after exceeding the concentration ratio of 12 : 1, respectively. The synergism of the components of the compound (HСaf)3[PW12O40] is shown: when TFV interacts with H3[PW12O40], the maximum cathode current characteristic of TFV occurs at a concentration ratio of 4 : 1, respectively, while caffeine has no antiradical effect at all. Previously obtained data from X-ray diffraction analysis of compounds (HСaf)3[PMo12O40]∙6H2O, (HСaf)3[PW12O40]∙6H2O prove that the orientation of protonated caffeine relative to polyoxamethalate-anion is possible due to hydrogen bonds =O…H–N=. This process can result in the delocalization of the charge over the entire O-enriched surface, by all twelve groups [О–Ме–О]-, which are part of the POM, making the latter active centers capable of interacting with TFV.
Therefore, the data presented correlate with the previously obtained results of spectrophotometric analysis and X-ray diffraction data and confirm the previously made conclusions.
Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Varying Severities of Myopia
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad-Reza , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed , Azimi Abbas , Fakhimi Zohreh , Ziaei Mohammed , Danesh Zeynad , Roberts Cynthia J. , Monfared Naeemeh , Jamali Alireza 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate corneal biomechanical response parameters in varying degrees of myopia and their correlation with corneal geometrical parameters and axial length.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 172 eyes of 172 subjects, the severity degree of myopia was categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and extreme myopia. Cycloplegic refraction, corneal tomography using Pentacam HR, corneal biomechanical assessment using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA), and ocular biometry using IOLMaster 700 were performed for all subjects. A general linear model was used to compare biomechanical parameters in various degrees of myopia, while central corneal thickness (CCT) and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) were considered as covariates. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters with spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AXL), bIOP, mean keratometry (Mean KR), and CCT.Results: Corneal biomechanical parameters assessed by Corvis ST that showed significant differences among the groups were second applanation length (AL2, p = 0.035), highest concavity radius (HCR, p &lt; 0.001), deformation amplitude (DA, p &lt; 0.001), peak distance (PD, p = 0.022), integrated inverse radius (IR, p &lt; 0.001) and DA ratio (DAR, p = 0.004), while there were no significant differences in the means of pressure-derived parameters of ORA between groups. Multiple regression analysis showed all parameters of Corvis ST have significant relationships with level of myopia (SE, AXL, Mean KR), except AL1 and AL2. Significant biomechanical parameters showed progressive reduction in corneal stiffness with increasing myopia (either with greater negative SE or greater AXL), independent of IOP and CCT. Also, corneal hysteresis (CH) or ability to dissipate energy from the ORA decreased with increasing level of myopia.Conclusions: Dynamic corneal response assessed by Corvis ST shows evidence of biomechanical changes consistent with decreasing stiffness with increasing levels of myopia in multiple parameters. The strongest correlations were with highest concavity parameters where the sclera influence is maximal.