bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual functions of ZmGI1 in the photoperiodic flowering pathway and salt stress responses in maize
Authors: Wu Fengkai , Liu Ling , Kang Yan , Li Jing , Ma Zhiyu , Yahaya Baba Salifu , Xu Jie , Wang Qingjun , Feng Xuanjun , Li Jingwei , Hu Erliang , Liu Yaxi , Lu Yanli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe circadian clock perceives photoperiodic changes and initiates processes leading to floral transition. GIGANTEA (GI) primarily functions as a principal clock component that integrates environmental cues into regulation of growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, it is unclear whether ZmGIs regulate photoperiodic flowering and abiotic stress response. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of ZmGI1 depicted a typical circadian pattern and was differentially expressed under LDs and SDs in photoperiodic sensitive and insensitive maize lines. The transcription level was significantly and positively correlated with days to silking and photoperiodic sensitivity in maize. Moreover, natural variation in ZmGI1 was associated with maize photoperiod response and the fine-tuning of plant development traits. Overexpression of ZmGI1Huangzao4 induced early flowering and enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis relative to the wild-type and gi mutants. ZmGI1 formed a protein complex with ZmFKF1 and acted as a positive regulator of flowering time by regulating CONSTANS transcription in the photoperiod pathway. The ZmGI1/ZmThox complex regulates oxidative stress induced by salt stress via a redox balance pathway. Over all, we have provided compelling evidence to suggest that ZmGI1 is a pleotropic gene whose expression depicts a typical circadian rhythmic pattern and regulates flowering time and confers salt stress tolerance.
Motor patterning, ion regulation and Spreading Depolarization during CNS shutdown induced by experimental anoxia in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Robertson R. Meldrum , Van Dusen Rachel A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnoxia induces a reversible coma in insects. Coma onset is triggered by the arrest of mechanisms responsible for maintaining membrane ion homeostasis in the CNS, resulting in a wave of neuronal and glial depolarization known as spreading depolarization (SD). Different methods of anoxia influence the behavioural response but their effects on SD are unknown. We investigated the effects of CO2, N2, and H2O on the characteristics of coma induction and recovery in Locusta migratoria. Water immersion delayed coma onset and recovery, likely due to involvement of the tracheal system and the nature of asphyxiation but otherwise resembled N2 delivery. The main difference between N2 and CO2 was that CO2 hastened onset of neural failure and SD and delayed recovery. In the CNS, this was associated with CO2 inducing an abrupt and immediate decrease of interstitial pH and increase of extracellular [K+]. Recording of the transperineurial potential showed that SD propagation and a postanoxic negativity (PAN) were similar with both gases. The PAN increased with ouabain treatment, likely due to removal of the counteracting electrogenic effect of Na+/K+-ATPase, and was inhibited by bafilomycin, a proton pump inhibitor, suggesting that it was generated by the electrogenic effect of a Vacuolar-type ATPase (VA). Muscle fibres depolarized by ∼20 mV, which happened more rapidly with CO2 compared with N2. Wing muscle motoneurons depolarized nearly completely in two stages, with CO2 causing more rapid onset and slower recovery than N2. Other parameters of SD onset and recovery were similar with the two gases. Electrical resistance across the ganglion sheath increased during anoxia and at SD onset. We provisionally attribute this to cell swelling reducing the dimensions of the interstitial pathway from neuropil to the bathing saline. Neuronal membrane resistance decreased abruptly at SD onset indicating opening of an unidentified membrane conductance. Consideration of the intracellular recording relative to the saline suggests that the apical membrane of perineurial glia depolarizes prior to neuron depolarization. We propose that SD is triggered by events at the perineurial sheath and then propagates laterally and more deeply into the neuropil. We conclude that the fundamental nature of SD is not dependent on the method of anoxia however the timing of onset and recovery are influenced; water immersion is complicated by the tracheal system and CO2 delivery has more rapid and longer lasting effects, associated with severe interstitial acidosis.
Transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional reprogramming of blood monocytes in non-human primates following chronic alcohol drinking
Authors: Lewis Sloan A. , Sureshchandra Suhas , Doratt Brianna , Jimenez Vanessa A. , Stull Cara , Grant Kathleen A. , Messaoudi Ilhem 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTChronic heavy drinking (CHD) of alcohol is a known risk factor for increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infection as well as impaired wound healing. Evidence suggests that these defects are mediated by a dysregulated inflammatory response originating from myeloid cells, notably monocytes and macrophages, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our ability to study CHD is impacted by the complexities of human drinking patterns and behavior as well as comorbidities and confounding risk factors for patients with alcohol use disorders. To overcome these challenges, we utilize a translational rhesus macaque model of voluntary ethanol self-administration that closely recapitulates human drinking patterns and chronicity. In this study, we examined the effects of CHD on blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in control and CHD female macaques after 12 months of daily ethanol consumption. While monocytes from CHD female macaques generated a hyper-inflammatory response to ex vivo LPS stimulation, their response to E.Coli was dampened. In depth scRNA-Seq analysis of purified monocytes revealed significant shifts in classical monocyte subsets with accumulation of cells expressing markers of hypoxia (HIF1A) and inflammation (NFkB signaling pathway) in CHD macaques. The increased presence of monocyte subsets poised to generate a hyperinflammatory response was confirmed by the epigenetic analysis which revealed higher accessibility of promoter regions that regulate genes involved in cytokine signaling pathways. Finally, alveolar macrophages (AM) from the same animals produced higher levels of inflammatory mediators in response to LPS stimulation, but reduced ability to phagocytose bacteria. Collectively, data presented in this manuscript demonstrate that CHD primes monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages towards a more hyper-inflammatory immune response with compromised functional abilities, which could be used in diagnostic purposes or preventative measures for patients with alcohol use disorders.
A novel lineage of polyomaviruses identified in bark scorpions
Authors: Schmidlin Kara , Kraberger Simona , Cook Chelsea , DeNardo Dale F. , Fontenele Rafaela S. , Van Doorslaer Koenraad , Martin Darren P. , Buck Christopher B. , Varsani Arvind 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolyomaviruses are non–enveloped viruses with circular double-stranded DNA genomes that range in size from ∼4–7 kilobasepairs. Initially identified in mammals, polyomaviruses have now been identified in birds and a few fish species. Although fragmentary polyomavirus-like sequences have been detected as apparent ‘hitchhikers’ in shotgun genomics datasets for various arthropods, the possible diversity of these viruses in invertebrates remains unclear. In general, polyomaviruses are host-specific, showing strong evidence of host-virus co–evolution. Identification of polyomaviruses in a broader range of animals could shed useful light on the evolutionary history of this medically important group of viruses. Scorpions are predatory arachnids that are among the oldest terrestrial animals. Thus far, viromes of arachnids have been under–sampled and understudied. Here, high–throughput sequencing and traditional molecular techniques were used to explore the diversity of circular DNA viruses associated with bark scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus) from the greater Phoenix area, Arizona, USA. The complete genomes of eight novel polyomaviruses were identified. Analysis of Centruroides transcriptomic datasets elucidated the splicing of the viral late gene array, which is more complex than that of vertebrate polyomaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis provides further evidence of co-divergence of polyomaviruses with their hosts, suggesting that at least one ancestral species of polyomaviruses was circulating amongst the primitive common ancestors of arthropods and chordates.
Ex-ante risk management and financial stability during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of Vietnamese firms
Authors: Nguyen Lan Thi Mai , Hoang Dinh Phi 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe authors investigate whether firms can ensure their financial stability during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by having ex-ante risk management.Design/methodology/approachThe authors study 279 Vietnamese listed firms by investigating their disclosure of risk awareness and risk management tool(s) in the 2019 annual reports. The authors then examine whether prior risk awareness and adoption of risk management tool(s) can enhance the firms' financial ratios during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe authors find that firms that disclose their risk management tool(s) in the 2019 annual reports have better asset utilization and higher liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic than the others. However, firms that simply express their risk awareness exert no stronger financial stability. In addition, the authors document that debt management is the most popular and most effective tool to ensure firms' financial stability during the crisis.Originality/valueThe study highlights the need for ex-ante risk management for future pandemics. The authors also suggest that stakeholders can rely on the degree of risk management tool utilization to evaluate the financial stability of firms.
Female board participation and firm’s financial performance: a panel study from a Latin American economy
Authors: Leyva-Townsend Pamela , Rodriguez Wilson , Idrovo Sandra , Pulga Fredy 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to elucidate the relationship between women's participation on the board of directors and the company's financial performance in a sample of 45 Colombian companies listed on the Colombia Stock Exchange (CSE) (Bolsa de Valores de Colombia).

Design/methodology/approach
Using 50,214 financial records of 45 companies listed on the CSE during 2008–2016, the authors performed panel data regressions to explore the relationship between the measures of gender diversity on boards and the impact on corporate financial performance.

Findings
The authors show that the participation and presence of at least one woman on the board of directors are positively associated with firm financial performance as measured by return on equity (ROE), but not as measured by Tobin’s Q. This second indicator is positively associated with firm financial performance when there are at least three female directors on boards of 10 or more individuals.

Practical implications
The findings also provide evidence supporting the development of managerial and organizational mechanisms that strengthen female presence at the highest level of governance.

Originality/value
The study demonstrates that female presence on boards has a positive impact on firms’ financial performance, but the degree of diversity impacts differently ROE and Tobin’s Q. These findings are based on a study of an emerging economy in Latin America, and data on similar economies are scarce.
Towards a BIM-based approach for improving maintenance performance in IBS building projects
Authors: Ismail Zul-Atfi Bin 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe contemporary practice of conventional maintenance for industrialised building system (IBS) constructions suffers from poor service delivery and defect repetition. A key problem impeding the widespread adoption of emerging technologies is the lack of competent contractors to support the effectiveness of the technology implemented in conventional methods and to ensure returns on investment. The shortcomings of conventional methods are assessed from the perspective of IBS buildings. This paper aims to identify the different system approach using Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology that is equipped with decision making processes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the establishment of key problem areas, the elements involved in implementing good practice and the requirements for integrating maintenance management processes and information databases in the maintenance management system.FindingsConventional methods have little emphasis on defect diagnosis tools. They also enhance inadequate strategic decision-making in the analysis of information when attempting to improve the maintenance project outcomes for IBS construction. The characteristics identified in a case study of IBS buildings are presented and analysed.Originality/valueThe conclusions and recommendations drawn from the analysis of the IBS case study are discussed, synthesised and deliberated upon. The approach presented in this paper integrates various aspects of building information modelling technology to facilitate improved execution of IBS maintenance activities.
Recovery support specialists inside the jail: a program description of treatment engagement for opioid use disorder
Authors: Martin Matthew , Phillips Megan A. , Saxon Mary , Love Kailey , Cessna Laurie , Woodard Deborah L. , Page Mary , Curry Kenneth , Paone Alyssa , Pennington-Stallcup Bobbie , Riley William 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
People living with opioid use disorder (OUD) disproportionately encounter the criminal justice system. Although incarcerated individuals with OUD face higher risk for withdrawals, relapses and overdoses, most jails fail to offer comprehensive medications for OUD (MOUD), including recovery support services and transition of care to a community provider. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a comprehensive MOUD program at a large county jail system in Maricopa County, Arizona.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) to develop a community-based, multi-organizational program for incarcerated individuals with OUD. The SIM is a mapping process of the criminal justice system and was applied in Maricopa County, Arizona to identify gaps in services and strengthen resources at each key intercept. The program applies an integrated care framework that is person-centered and incorporates medical, behavioral and social services to improve population health.

Findings
Stakeholders worked collaboratively to develop a multi-point program for incarcerated individuals with OUD that includes an integrated care service with brief screening, MOUD and treatment; a residential treatment program; peer support; community provider referrals; and a court diversion program. Recovery support specialists provide education, support and care coordination between correctional and community health services.

Originality/value
OUD is a common problem in many correctional health centers. However, many jails do not provide a comprehensive approach to connect incarcerated individuals with OUD treatment. The Maricopa County, Arizona jail system opioid treatment program is unique because of the ongoing support from recovery support specialists during and after incarceration.
Used vehicle global supply chains: perspectives on a direct-import model
Authors: Shi Yangyan , Arthanari Tiru , Venkatesh V.G. , Islam Samsul , Mani Venkatesh 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the supply chain (SC) operations of importing used vehicles into New Zealand and how such SCs affect business practices and performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an exploratory qualitative semi-structured interview approach to interview the different stakeholders involved in the global used vehicle SC.FindingsThe research identifies the overall network structure of the used import vehicle SC from Japan to New Zealand and characterises key aspects of its operations and network connections. This paper finds that Japanese buying agents have integrated increasing numbers of services to provide a trouble-free trading platform, which has created a direct-import model for used vehicle companies in New Zealand.Practical implicationsThe findings and recommendations are useful in designing and managing the used vehicle SC for all stakeholders and effective real-time management of uncertain factors.Originality/valueThe paper primarily analyses SC operations by researching the cooperation and coordination between SC components and networks, based on providing the flow of used vehicles from Japan to New Zealand. It constitutes a pioneering practice-perspective research paper in this domain.
Temporal trends in between and within‐country inequalities in caesarean delivery in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a Bayesian analysis
Authors: Hasan MM , Ahmed S , Soares Magalhaes RJ , Begum T , Fatima Y , Mamun AA 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo provide updated information about between‐country variations, temporal trends and changes in inequalities within countries in caesarean delivery (CD) rates.DesignCross‐sectional study of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) during 1990–2018.Setting74 low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).PopulationWomen 15–49 years of age who had live births in the last 3 years.MethodsBayesian linear regression analysis was performed and absolute differences were calculated.Main outcome measurePopulation‐level CD by countries and sociodemographic characteristics of mothers over time.ResultsCD rates, based on the latest DHS rounds, varied substantially between the study countries, from 1.5% (95% CI 1.1–1.9%) in Madagascar to 58.9% (95% CI 56.0–61.6%) in the Dominican Republic. Of 62 LMICs with at least two surveys, 57 countries showed a rise in CD during 1990–2018, with the greatest increase in Sierra Leone (19.3%). Large variations in CD rates were observed across mother's wealth, residence, education and age, with a higher rate of CD by the richest and urban mothers. These inequalities have widened in many countries. Stratified analyses suggest greater provisioning of CD by the richest mothers in private facilities and poorest mothers in public facilities.ConclusionsCD rates varied substantially across geographical locations and over time, irrespective of public or private health facilities. Changes in CD rates continue across wealth, place of residence, education, and age of mother, and are widening in most study countries.Tweetable abstractIncreasing caesarean delivery rates were greater among the richest and urban mothers than their counterparts, with widened gaps in LMICs.
Impact investing in social sector organisations: a systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Islam Syrus M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImpact investing has great potential to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by financing the growth of social sector organisations. This paper conducts a systematic literature review to develop cumulative insights into impact investing in social sector organisations. It identifies four streams of impact investing research: impact investment decision making, impact evaluation in impact investing, behavioural issues in impact investing, and impact investing ecosystem. This paper also identifies nine main research focus areas within these research streams and discusses key insights into each of them. Finally, building on prior research, this article offers a comprehensive future research agenda.
Rainfall, fire and large‐mammal‐induced drivers of Vachellia drepanolobium establishment: Implications for woody plant encroachment in Maswa, Tanzania
Authors: Kimaro Houssein Samwel , Treydte Anna C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWorldwide, open grass areas of savannah ecosystems are being transformed into shrubland. This woody plant encroachment is likely a result of factors such as rainfall, fire and secondary dispersal by ungulate herbivory. However, few experiments have been conducted to disentangle and quantify the role of these factors for seed germination in savannahs. We assessed in situ germination success of Vachellia drepanolobium seeds under simulated rainfall variability patterns, fire treatments and dung experiments in Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania. Fire reduced seed germination by more than 13%, whereas germination in buffalo and elephant dung increased by 1% and 3% respectively. Additionally, intermediate simulated rainfall was more beneficial for seedling emergence success than large, infrequent simulated rainfall amounts, while shoot growth was twice as high under frequent and intermediate simulated rainfall treatments than under large infrequent simulated rainfall. Our results provide insights that bush fires, drought stress, and large rainfall events can suppress V. drepanolobium seedling emergence and growth. Hence, bush encroachment may be linked to management practices such as fire regimes and climatic conditions, i.e., frequent low rainfall conditions. Our results can help predict future patterns of encroachment under varying rainfall and fire events.
Delivering introductory physiotherapy clinical placements incorporating simulated learning experiences in rural settings
Authors: Johnston Catherine , Wakely Luke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the delivery, in rural settings, of introductory physiotherapy clinical placements incorporating simulation and describe the impact of these placements on the uptake of longer‐term rural immersion opportunities.DesignRetrospective cohort design.SettingThe University of Newcastle and the University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health (UONDRH), New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsData from undergraduate physiotherapy students were included.InterventionSecond‐year University of Newcastle physiotherapy students undertake an introductory placement which includes one week of simulated learning followed by a two‐week traditional health care placement. Supervisor training and active promotion of placements were undertaken to increase the capacity of rural sites to deliver these placements, including both simulation and immersion components.Main outcome measure(s)Data relating to numbers of students undertaking introductory placements and final‐year rural immersion experiences in the UONDRH between 2012 and 2020 were described. A simple review of the placement strategy was also undertaken.ResultsIntroductory placements incorporating simulation were successfully implemented in the UONDRH settings and have continued annually. Physiotherapy staff in the UONDRH have been upskilled and have supported local clinicians to increase their supervisory capacity. The proportion of students undertaking introductory placements supported by the UONDRH has increased considerably as has the number of students completing full‐year rural immersion experiences in the UONDRH.ConclusionsDelivering introductory physiotherapy placements incorporating simulation in rural settings was feasible and this strategy leads to increased placement capacity. Early rural clinical placement opportunities can increase students’ uptake of longer‐term rural immersion experiences which, in turn, can positively influence rural practice intentions.