bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on amplifying strong exciton–photon coupling based on surface plasmon in a hybridized perovskite nanowire-metal film-perovskite nanowire structure
Authors: Wang Naien , Zou Yunfei , Wang Lulu , Yu Li 
Published: May 2021

We theoretically report a strong light–matter interaction in a sandwich structure composed of hybridized inorganic–organic perovskite nanowires, silica (SiO2) films and a silver (Ag) film. Surface plasmon effectively enhances the strong exciton–photon coupling strength of perovskite nanowires, which depends on reduction of effective mode volume and local field enhancement. By calculation, we find that the thicknesses of SiO2 and Ag films can affect the coupling strength. With the suitable thickness of SiO2 (5 nm) and Ag (30 nm) films, Rabi splitting can reach 319 meV, while without an Ag film Rabi splitting is only 270 meV. Furthermore, Rabi splitting shows a negative correlation with SiO2 film thickness within a limited range. Still, it has a nonlinear relation with Ag film thickness because the imaginary part of the effective index for the hybridized mode shows a nonlinear relation with Ag film thickness. Our structure provides suitable parameters for the experiment and has potential application in nano-lasers.
Secondary Wrist Arthritis in Active Workers: Does Capitate Pyrocarbon Resurfacing (RCPI) Improve Proximal Row Carpectomy? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: De Vitis Rocco , Passiatore Marco , Cilli Vitale , Pamelin Emanuele , Velluto Calogero , Ceravolo Isabella , D’Orio Marco , Ferrari Federico , Taccardo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Background: Proximal Row Carpectomy (PRC) is a widespread, safe and effective salvage surgical procedure for wrist arthritis. Some authors believe that PRC results in low grip strength (GS), due to the loss of carpal height, supporting the idea to discourage PRC in high-demanding patients. Resurfacing Capitate Prosthesis Implant (RCPI) allows extending the indication for PRC also in case of deformity and/or arthritis of the head of capitate, with possible implications of clinical outcomes, including GS. Methods: Retrospective multicentre study on a population of active workers, affected by secondary post traumatic wrist arthritis, who underwent PRC (27 patients) or PRC + RCPI (20 patients), Primary outcome was to assess GS between PRC and PRC + RCPI. Secondary outcome was to assess CHR and to search for any possible contributors to GS. Active range of motion (AROM), hand function (DASH, Work-DASH, VAS, PRWHE), pain, time to return to work, job maintenance, major complications and general satisfaction were also assessed. Results: PRC + RCPI results in more GS maintenance compared with PRC alone, with higher values of CHR. CHR values were associated with GS with a good correlation. According to linear regression model analysis within PRC + RCPI group (GS–CHR), it is esteemed that the increase in parameter CHR is associated with an increase in parameter GS. Looking at a multiple linear regression model analysis built on the whole sample (GS% increase – (group × CHR) + GS% pre-operative). It is estimated that the increase of one unit of the GS coefficient is associated with an increase in GS% increase. Furthermore, higher pre-operative GS values positively influence post-operative GS. No differences were revealed between the two treatments in terms of the remaining secondary outcomes. Conclusions: PRC alone and PRC + RCPI are both effective salvage procedures for wrist arthritis. RCPI provides a better GS preservation, in part due to the carpal height preservation.
Recommendations on Statistical Randomness Test Batteries for Cryptographic Purposes
Authors: Luengo Elena Almaraz , Villalba Luis Javier García 
Published: May 2021

Security in different applications is closely related to the goodness of the sequences generated for such purposes. Not only in Cryptography but also in other areas, it is necessary to obtain long sequences of random numbers or that, at least, behave as such. To decide whether the generator used produces sequences that are random, unpredictable and independent, statistical checks are needed. Different batteries of hypothesis tests have been proposed for this purpose.In this work, a survey of the main test batteries is presented, indicating their pros and cons, giving some guidelines for their use and presenting some practical examples.
Ice Multiplication by Fragmentation during Quasi-Spherical Freezing of Raindrops: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Phillips Vaughan T. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIce multiplication by fragmentation during collision–freezing of supercooled rain or drizzle is investigated. A zero-dimensional dynamical system describes the time evolution of number densities of supercooled drops and ice crystals in a mixed-phase cloud. The characteristic time scale for this collision–freezing ice fragmentation is controlled by the collision efficiency, the number of ice fragments per freezing event, and the available number concentration of supercooled drops. The rate of the process is proportional to the number of supercooled drops available. Thus, ice may multiply extensively, even when the fragmentation number per freezing event is relatively small. The ratio of total numbers of ice particles to those from the first ice, namely, the “ice-enhancement factor,” is controlled both by the number of fragments per freezing event and by the available number concentration of supercooled drops in a similar manner. Especially, when ice fragmentation by freezing of supercooled drops is considered in isolation, the number of originally existing supercooled drops multiplied by the fragmentation number per freezing event yields the eventual number of ice crystals. When supercooled drops are continuously generated by coalescence, ice crystals from freezing fragmentation also continuously increase asymptotically at a rate equal to the generation rate of supercooled drops multiplied by the fragmentation number per freezing event. All these results are expressed by simple analytical forms, thanks to the simplicity of the theoretical model. These parameters can practically be used as a means for characterizing observed mixed-phase clouds.
Suicide methods in South Asia over two decades (2001–2020)
Authors: Arafat S M Yasir , Ali Syeda Ayat-e-Zainab , Menon Vikas , Hussain Fahad , Ansari Daniyal Shabbir , Baminiwatta Anuradha , Saleem Tamkeen , Singh Rakesh , Varadharajan Natarajan , Biyyala Deepika , Kar Sujita Kumar , Khan Murad M 
Published: May 2021

Background: Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicides in the world occur in South Asia. As means restriction is an important suicide prevention strategy, gaining knowledge of the common suicide methods and their changing trends in each country and region is crucial. Aims: We aimed to assess the suicide methods in South Asian countries over the last two decades. Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the search terms. Original articles of quantitative studies, published in the English language, from 2001 to 2020, with full-accessible text, that rank different methods of suicide in eight South Asian countries, were included. Results: A total of 68 studies were found eligible for review. The Maximum number of studies were found from India ( n = 38), followed by Bangladesh ( n = 12), Pakistan ( n = 9), Sri Lanka ( n = 6), and Nepal ( n = 3). Hanging ( n = 40, 55.8%) and poisoning ( n = 24, 35.3%) were the two most common suicide methods reported, in that order. Hanging followed by poisoning were the commonest suicide methods in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan while in Sri Lanka, poisoning was the preferred method to hanging. There is a decline in suicide by poisoning and an increase in suicide by hanging in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and India. Although hanging is still the commonest method in Pakistan, the use of firearms is growing in recent years (2011–2020). Conclusions: There is a steady decline in the incidence of suicides by poisoning following pesticide regulations in South Asian countries. However, there is heterogeneity of study methods, probable under-reporting of suicide, and lack of robust suicide data.
Love in the High Court: Implications for Indigenous Constitutional Recognition
Authors: Morris Shireen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article considers implications of the recent Love decision in the High Court for the debate about Indigenous constitutional recognition and a First Nations constitutional voice. Conceptually, it considers how the differing judgments reconcile the sui generis position of Indigenous peoples under Australian law with the theoretical ideal of equality—concepts which are in tension both in the judicial reasoning and in constitutional recognition debates. It also discusses the judgments’ limited findings on Indigenous sovereignty, demonstrating the extent to which this is predominantly a political question that cannot be adequately resolved by courts. Surviving First Nations sovereignty can best be recognised and peacefully reconciled with Australian state sovereignty through constitutional reform authorised by Parliament and the people. The article then discusses political ramifications. It argues that allegations of judicial activism enlivened by this case, rather than demonstrating the risks of a First Nations voice, in fact illustrate the foresight of the proposal: a First Nations voice was specifically designed to be non-justiciable and therefore intended to address such concerns. Similarly, objections that this case introduced a new, race-based distinction into the Constitution are misplaced. Such race-based distinctions already exist in the Constitution’s text and operation. The article then briefly offers high-level policy suggestions addressing two practical issues arising from Love. With respect to the three-part test of Indigenous identity, it suggests a First Nations voice should avoid the unjustly onerous burdens of proof that are perpetuated in some of the reasoning in Love. It also proposes policy incentives to encourage Indigenous non-citizens resident in Australia to seek Australian citizenship, helping to prevent threats of deportation like those faced by Love and Thoms.
Thus spoke the student from Bologna: On behalf of the blush and confusion
Authors: Hearn Michael 
Published: May 2021

To the extent that philosophy deals with the blush, it is almost always as the pink blush of shame. Such is philosophy’s seeming obsession with the latter, there remains the risk of something important being lost in translation when it comes to those examples in the literature that mention the blush. I intend to focus on one such example, a scene from Robert Antelme’s The Human Race, the story of the student from Bologna, in which Antelme describes the student’s blushing response to being randomly selected by an SS soldier from a bedraggled line of prisoners for a roadside execution. I will turn to Lisa Guenther and Giorgio Agamben for their reading of Antelme’s account, not, I should stress, to evaluate their respective analyses of shame, but that which may have been overlooked as a result, namely confusion. I will turn also to Jean-Paul Sartre, again, not in relation to shame, rather for his brief, but no less important, phenomenological account of blushing. I will refer to recent social psychology research suggesting that confusion is a knowledge emotion – something like embarrassment (as aporia). All this in support of the argument, that when Antelme writes of the student – ‘ Il a l’air confus’ (‘He seems confused’), we are bound to take them both, the student and Antelme, the blusher and the beholder, at their word – to maintain our distance so that the scene might speak for itself and in so doing reveal signs of life.
Early resuscitation orders in hospitalized oldest-old with COVID-19: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Piers Ruth , Van Braeckel Eva , Benoit Dominique , Van Den Noortgate Nele 
Published: May 2021

Background: In particular older people are at risk of mortality due to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Advance care planning is essential to assist patient autonomy and prevent non-beneficial medical interventions. Aim: To describe early (taken within 72 h after hospital admission) resuscitation orders in oldest-old hospitalized with COVID-19. Setting/participants: A cohort of patients aged 80 years and older admitted to the acute hospital in March and April 2020 with COVID-19 were retrospectively recruited from 10 acute hospitals in Belgium. Recruitment was done through a network of geriatricians. Results: Overall, 766 octogenarians were admitted of whom 49 were excluded because no therapeutic relationship with the geriatrician and six because of incomplete case report form. Early decisions not to consider intensive care admission were taken in 474/711 (66.7%) patients. This subgroup was characterized by significantly higher age, higher number of comorbidities and higher frailty level. There was a significant association between the degree of the treatment limitation and the degree of premorbid frailty ( p < 0.001). Overall in-hospital mortality was 41.6% in patients with an early decision not to consider intensive care admission (67.1% in persons who developed respiratory failure vs 16.7% in patients without respiratory failure ( p < 0.001)). Of 104 patients without early decision not to consider intensive care admission but who developed respiratory failure, 59 were eventually not transferred to intensive care unit with in-hospital mortality of 25.4%; 45 were transferred to the intensive care unit with mortality of 64.4%. Conclusions: Geriatricians applied all levels of treatment in oldest-old hospitalized with COVID-19. Early decisions not to consider intensive care admission were taken in two thirds of the cohort of whom more than 50% survived to hospital discharge by means of conservative treatment.
Barriers to Cooperation With Family Members in Psychiatric Care in Turkey: Perspectives of Health Professionals and Family Caregivers
Authors: Sari Ayşe , Çetinkaya Duman Zekiye , Kahveci Gül Yonca 
Published: May 2021

Background: Cooperation between families of individuals with mental illnesses and mental health professionals is very important for the quality of mental health care, and there are many barriers to the establishment of cooperation between mental health professionals and families. It is highly important to identify/define barriers to cooperation between families and health professionals from a cultural perspective. Aim: The present study was aimed at identifying barriers to cooperation between mental health professionals and families from the perspectives of mental health professionals and family caregivers in Turkey. Method: In the sample of this descriptive qualitative study, 12 family caregivers and 11 health professionals were included. Results: The results of the study indicated seven themes regarding the perceptions of family caregivers and mental health professionals. The themes related to perceptions of family caregivers about barriers are as follows: “learning the process by living,” the perception of “my patient comes first,” and the perception of “being neglected.” The themes related to perceptions of mental health professionals about barriers are as follows: “lack of collaboration within the team,” “family itself as a barrier,” and “lack of education about working with families.” The common theme mentioned by both groups included the “patient-oriented service understanding.” Conclusions: The results obtained from this study are believed to be a guide for planning and implementing interventions to eliminate the barriers defined from the perspectives of both mental health professionals and family caregivers. Both mental health professionals and family caregivers need psychosocial interventions for strengthening “family cooperation.”
Associations of Quantity Smoked and Socioeconomic Status With Smoke-Free Homes and Cars Among Daily Smokers
Authors: Pelekanakis Annie , O’Loughlin Jennifer L. , Maximova Katerina , Montreuil Annie , Kalubi Jodi , Dugas Erika N. , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre 
Published: May 2021

Introduction An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoke-free private spaces among smokers could be due to heavier smoking among low SES smokers. We assessed whether quantity smoked or SES are independently associated with smoke-free homes or cars in daily smokers. Method Data were drawn from a cross-sectional telephone survey (2011–2012) of 750 daily smokers age ≥18 years in Quebec, Canada (45% response). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the independent association between (a) number of cigarettes smoked per day, and (b) each of educational attainment, annual household income, or active employment status and smoke-free homes or cars. Results Participants were 41.0 years old on average, 57% were female. Median (IQR) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 14 (10, 20). Forty-eight percent of participants reported smoke-free homes; 34% reported smoke-free cars. Quantity smoked was strongly associated with both smoke-free homes and cars. Income and education (but not actively employed) were associated with smoke-free homes. None of the SES indicators were associated with smoke-free cars. Conclusions Interventions targeting smokers to promote smoke-free homes and cars should incorporate components to help smokers reduce quantity smoked or preferably, to quit. Interventions targeting smoke-free homes will also need to address SES inequalities by education and income. Our data suggest that reduction in quantity smoked may help smokers reduce SHS exposure in cars, but that an inequality lens may not be relevant.
Facilitators and Barriers of a Chronic Care Management Intervention Addressing Diabetes Among Mexican-Origin Adults
Authors: Polletta Valerie L. , LeBrón Alana M. W. , Sifuentes Maribel R. , Mitchell-Bennett Lisa A. , Ayala Ciara , Reininger Belinda M. 
Published: May 2021

Background Chronic care management (CCM) and community health worker (CHW) interventions hold promise for managing complex chronic conditions such as diabetes and related comorbidities. This qualitative study examines facilitators and barriers to the implementation of an expanded CCM intervention that explicitly incorporated program staff, clinic staff, CHWs, and partnerships with community-based organizations to enhance diabetes management among Mexican-origin adults. Method Grounded theory was used to analyze interviews conducted in 2018 with 24 members of the CCM team, including program staff, clinic staff, and community-based program partner staff. Results Three themes emerged that characterize perceived facilitators and barriers to CCM implementation, based on analysis of interviews: (1) understanding roles and responsibilities across organizations, (2) building relationships across organizations, and (3) coordinating delivery of the model among different organizations. First, structured meetings and colocated workspaces enhanced understanding of CCM roles for each team member and across organizations. Barriers to understanding CCM roles were more common during the early stages of CCM implementation and amongst staff who did not participate in regular meetings. Second, regular meetings facilitated development of relationships across organizations to enhance implementation of the CCM model. In contrast, limited relationship building among some CCM team members served as a barrier to implementation. Third, CHWs and case review meetings fostered communication and coordination across the CCM model. Conclusions Results suggest the importance of understanding roles and building relationships among multidisciplinary teams to ensure effective communication and coordination of care.
Understanding mental health outcomes related to compassion fatigue in parents of children diagnosed with intellectual disability
Authors: Davenport Stacy , Zolnikov Tara Rava 
Published: May 2021

Background: Parenting a child diagnosed with intellectual disability includes a variety of stressors. The degree to which stress affects these parents has been given little emphasis. Compassion fatigue includes experiencing an emotional response to being unable to relieve the suffering of a loved one, burnout, strain and stress on the caregiver. Compassion fatigue develops in parents of children diagnosed with intellectual disability due to their caregiving roles. Method: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted using 25 semi-structured interviews to understand the mental health outcomes of parents caring for a child diagnosed with intellectual disability. Results: The results showed that initial emotional reactions after receiving their child’s diagnosis was a combination of anxiety, depression and compassion satisfaction. This study’s findings suggest that parents of children diagnosed with intellectual disability experience moderate levels of compassion fatigue in the caring of their child. Conclusions: This research provides evidence that the caregiving of a child diagnosed with intellectual disability comes with a myriad of stressors that can lead to compassion fatigue.
The Natural History of Medial Meniscal Tears in the ACL Deficient and ACL Reconstructed Rat Knee
Authors: Kaneguchi Akinori , Ozawa Junya , Minamimoto Kengo , Yamaoka Kaoru 
Published: May 2021

Objective The process of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury-induced meniscal tear formation is not fully understood. Clinical studies have shown that ACL reconstruction (ACLR) reduces the development of secondary meniscal tears, but it is difficult to gain insight into the protective effects of ACLR from clinical studies alone. Using rat ACL transection (ACLT) and ACLR models, we aimed to reveal (1) the formation process of meniscal tears secondary to ACLT and (2) the protective effects of ACLR on secondary meniscal tears. Design ACLT surgery alone or with ACLR was performed on the knees of rats. Histomorphological and histopathological changes were examined in the posteromedial region of the meniscus in intact rats and in rats that received ACLT or ACLR up to 12 weeks postsurgery. In addition, anterior-posterior joint laxity was measured using the universal testing machine to evaluate the effects of ACLT and ACLR on joint laxity. Results AAnterior-posterior laxity was significantly increased by ACLT compared to the intact knee. This ACLT-induced joint laxity was partially but significantly reduced by ACLR. Meniscal proliferation and hyaline cartilage–like tissue formation were detected in the medial meniscus at 4 weeks post-ACLT. At 12 weeks post-ACLT, hyaline cartilage–like tissue was replaced by ossicles and meniscal tears were observed. These ACLT-induced abnormalities were attenuated by ACLR. Conclusions Our results suggest that ACLT-induced joint laxity induces secondary medial meniscal tears through meniscal proliferation and ossicle formation via endochondral ossification. Joint re-stabilization by ACLR suppresses meniscal proliferation and ossicle formation and consequently prevents secondary meniscal tears.