bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of compact massive quiescent and star-forming galaxies derived from the Re–Rh and Mstar–Mh relations
Authors: Zanisi L , Shankar F , Fu H , Rodriguez-Puebla A , Avila-Reese V , Faisst A , Daddi E , Boco L , Lapi A , Giavalisco M , Saracco P , Buitrago F , Huertas-Company M , Puglisi A , Dekel A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The mean size (effective radius Re) of massive galaxies (MGs; Mstar &gt; 1011.2M⊙) is observed to increase steadily with cosmic time. It is still unclear whether this trend originates from the size growth of individual galaxies (via, e.g. mergers and/or AGN feedback) or from the inclusion of larger galaxies entering the selection at later epochs (progenitor bias). We here build a data-driven, flexible theoretical framework to probe the structural evolution of MGs. We assign galaxies to dark matter haloes via stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relations with varying high-mass slopes and scatters σSMHM in stellar mass at fixed halo mass, and assign sizes to galaxies using an empirically motivated, constant and linear relationship between Re and the host dark matter halo radius Rh. We find that (1) the fast mean size growth of MGs is well reproduced independently of the shape of the input SMHM relation; (2) the numbers of compact MGs grow steadily until z ≳ 2 and fall off at lower redshifts, suggesting a lesser role of progenitor bias at later epochs; (3) a time-independent scatter σSMHM is consistent with a scenario in which compact star-forming MGs transition into quiescent MGs in a few 108 yr with a negligible structural evolution during the compact phase, while a scatter increasing at high redshift implies significant size growth during the star-forming phase. A robust measurement of the size function of MGs at high redshift can set strong constraints on the scatter of the SMHM relation and, by extension, on models of galaxy evolution.
Genome editing in mammalian cells using the CRISPR type I-D nuclease
Authors: Osakabe Keishi , Wada Naoki , Murakami Emi , Miyashita Naoyuki , Osakabe Yuriko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adoption of CRISPR–Cas systems, such as CRISPR–Cas9 and CRISPR–Cas12a, has revolutionized genome engineering in recent years; however, application of genome editing with CRISPR type I—the most abundant CRISPR system in bacteria—remains less developed. Type I systems, such as type I-E, and I-F, comprise the CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (‘Cascade’: Cas5, Cas6, Cas7, Cas8 and the small subunit) and Cas3, which degrades the target DNA; in contrast, for the sub-type CRISPR–Cas type I-D, which lacks a typical Cas3 nuclease in its CRISPR locus, the mechanism of target DNA degradation remains unknown. Here, we found that Cas10d is a functional nuclease in the type I-D system, performing the role played by Cas3 in other CRISPR–Cas type I systems. The type I-D system can be used for targeted mutagenesis of genomic DNA in human cells, directing both bi-directional long-range deletions and short insertions/deletions. Our findings suggest the CRISPR–Cas type I-D system as a unique effector pathway in CRISPR that can be repurposed for genome engineering in eukaryotic cells.
B-CePs as cross-linking probes for the investigation of RNA higher-order structure
Authors: Sosic Alice , Göttlich Richard , Fabris Dan , Gatto Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Elucidating the structure of RNA and RNA ensembles is essential to understand biological functions. In this work, we explored the previously uncharted reactivity of bis-chloropiperidines (B-CePs) towards RNA. We characterized at the molecular level the different adducts induced by the fast reacting compound B-CeP 1 with RNA. Following an approach based on solution thermal melting coupled with ESI mass spectrometry (STHEM-ESI), we proved the ability of B-CePs to induce inter-molecular cross-links between guanines in double stranded RNA. These results open the possibility of using B-CePs as structural probes for investigating higher-order structures, such as the kissing loop complex established by the dimerization initiation site (DIS) of the HIV-1 genome. We confirmed the potential of B-CePs to reveal the identity of RNA structures involved in long-range interactions, expecting to benefit the characterization of samples that are not readily amenable to traditional high-resolution techniques, and thus promoting the elucidation of pertinent RNA systems associated with old and new diseases.
The role of CTCF in the organization of the centromeric 11p15 imprinted domain interactome
Authors: Naveh Natali S Sobel , Deegan Daniel F , Huhn Jacklyn , Traxler Emily , Lan Yemin , Weksberg Rosanna , Ganguly Arupa , Engel Nora , Kalish Jennifer M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDNA methylation, chromatin-binding proteins, and DNA looping are common components regulating genomic imprinting which leads to parent-specific monoallelic gene expression. Loss of methylation (LOM) at the human imprinting center 2 (IC2) on chromosome 11p15 is the most common cause of the imprinting overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS). Here, we report a familial transmission of a 7.6 kB deletion that ablates the core promoter of KCNQ1. This structural alteration leads to IC2 LOM and causes recurrent BWS. We find that occupancy of the chromatin organizer CTCF is disrupted proximal to the deletion, which causes chromatin architecture changes both in cis and in trans. We also profile the chromatin architecture of IC2 in patients with sporadic BWS caused by isolated LOM to identify conserved features of IC2 regulatory disruption. A strong interaction between CTCF sites around KCNQ1 and CDKN1C likely drive their expression on the maternal allele, while a weaker interaction involving the imprinting control region element may impede this connection and mediate gene silencing on the paternal allele. We present an imprinting model in which KCNQ1 transcription is necessary for appropriate CTCF binding and a novel chromatin conformation to drive allele-specific gene expression.
Independent effects of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hyperphosphataemia on chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events: an analysis from the NEFRONA cohort
Authors: Bozic Milica , Diaz-Tocados Juan M , Bermudez-Lopez Marcelino , Forné Carles , Martinez Cristina , Fernandez Elvira , Valdivielso José M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with changes in calcium and phosphate. These related changes have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and CKD progression. It is not clear whether negative outcomes linked to SHPT are confounded by such factors. The present study was designed to assess the possible independent effects of SHPT [defined as patients with excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels or on treatment with PTH-reducing agents] on the risk of CKD progression and cardiovascular event (CVE) incidence in CKD patients, as well as whether hypercalcaemia and/or hyperphosphataemia act as effect modifiers.

Methods
The study enrolled 2445 CKD patients without previous CVE from the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) cohort (Stage 3, 950; Stage 4, 612; Stage 5, 195; on dialysis, 688). Multivariate logistic and Fine and Gray regression analysis were used to determine the risk of patients suffering CKD progression or a CVE.

Results
The prevalence of SHPT in the cohort was 65.6% (CKD Stage 3, 54.7%; CKD Stage 4, 74.7%; CKD Stage 5, 71.4%; on dialysis, 68.6%). After 2 years, 301 patients presented CKD progression. During 4 years of follow-up, 203 CVEs were registered. Patients with SHPT showed a higher adjusted risk for CKD progression and CVE. Furthermore, hyperphosphataemia was shown to be an independent risk factor in both outcomes and did not modify SHPT effect. No significant interactions were detected between the presence of SHPT and hypercalcaemia or hyperphosphataemia.

Conclusions
We conclude that SHPT and hyperphosphataemia are independently associated with CKD progression and the incidence of CVE in CKD patients.
A homolog of GuidedEntry of Tail-anchored proteins3 functions in membrane-specific protein targeting in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis
Authors: Anderson Stacy A. , Satyanarayan Manasa B. , Wessendorf Ryan L. , Lu Yan , Fernandez Donna E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chloroplasts and mitochondria of photosynthetic eukaryotes contain proteins that are closely related to cytosolic Guided Entry of Tail-anchored proteins3 (Get3). Get3 is a targeting factor that efficiently escorts tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the ER. Because other components of the cytosolic-targeting pathway appear to be absent in organelles, previous investigators have asserted that organellar Get3 homologs are unlikely to act as targeting factors. However, we show here both that the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast homolog designated as GET3B is structurally similar to cytosolic Get3 proteins and that it selectively binds a thylakoid-localized TA protein. Based on genetic interactions between a get3b mutation and mutations affecting the chloroplast signal recognition particle-targeting pathway, as well as changes in the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins in mutant plants, we propose that GET3B acts primarily to direct proteins to the thylakoids. Furthermore, through molecular complementation experiments, we show that function of GET3B depends on its ability to hydrolyze ATP, and this is consistent with action as a targeting factor. We propose that GET3B and related organellar Get3 homologs play a role that is analogous to that of cytosolic Get3 proteins, and that GET3B acts as a targeting factor in the chloroplast stroma to deliver TA proteins in a membrane-specific manner.
A back-linked Fabry–Pérot interferometer for space-borne gravitational wave observations
Authors: Izumi Kiwamu , Fujimoto Masa-Katsu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Direct observations of gravitational waves at frequencies below 10 Hz will play a crucial role in fully exploiting the potential of gravitational wave astronomy. One approach to pursue this direction is the utilization of laser interferometers equipped with Fabry–Pérot optical cavities in space. However, there are a number of practical challenges in following this path. In particular, the implementation of precision control for cavity lengths and the suppression of laser phase noises may prevent a practical detector design. To circumvent such difficulties, we propose a new interferometer topology, called a back-linked Fabry–Pérot interferometer, where precision length controls are not required and an offline subtraction scheme for laser phase noises is readily applicable. This article presents the principle idea and the associated sensitivity analyses. Despite additional noises, a strain sensitivity of $$7\times10^{-23}\,\textrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$$ may be attainable in the decihertz band. Several technological developments must occur and studies must be carried out to pave the way for the implementation.
Using COPD action plans to support outcomes after discharge
Authors: Conley Patricia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
In 2017, the World Health Organization reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) impacted 251 million individuals and was responsible for 3.17 million deaths globally. To educate hospitalized patients with COPD about self-management at home, nurses require an action plan to use as part of discharge instructions. This article discusses the benefits of COPD action plans revealed in the literature and describes the creation and use of such an action plan by the author.
Is Microthrombosis the Main Pathology in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity?—A Systematic Review of the Postmortem Pathologic Findings
Authors: Fahmy Omar H. , Daas Farah M. , Salunkhe Vidyulata , Petrey Jessica L. , Cosar Ediz F. , Ramirez Julio , Akca Ozan 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
This systematic review attempts to retrieve and report the findings of postmortem studies including the histopathologic data of deceased coronavirus disease 2019 patients and to review the manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019–associated thrombotic pathologies reported in the recent literature.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cochrane library between December 1, 2019, and August 26, 2020.

Study Selection:
Investigators screened 360 unique references, retrieved published autopsy series, and report on the postmortem histopathologic information on patients who had died of coronavirus disease 2019.

Data Extraction:
Investigators independently abstracted all available data including study design, participant demographics, key histopathologic findings, disease severity markers, duration of hospital stay, and cause of death.

Data Synthesis:
From the 65 eligible studies, 691 total completed autopsies were included in evidence synthesis. Histopathologic evaluation of the lungs revealed presence of diffuse alveolar damage in 323 of 443 patients and pulmonary microthrombi in 242 of 326 patients. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were found in 41% and ~15%, respectively, of the cadavers examined for thromboembolic events. d-dimer levels were generally higher in patients with severe clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019. Plasma levels of ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein were higher in nonsurvivors when compared with survivors. Overall, microthrombi and extensive angiogenesis of lung vasculature were the most common pathologic findings in the lungs and microthrombi in most of the assessed organ-tissue.

Conclusions:
Diffuse alveolar damage was the most predominant feature in the lungs of coronavirus disease 2019 patients who underwent postmortem assessment. Widespread pulmonary microthrombosis and extensive pulmonary angiogenesis, in addition to frequent pulmonary and extrapulmonary microthrombotic and thromboembolic findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, appear to be consistent with the disease-specific hypercoagulability. Further discovery efforts in assessing the link between coronavirus disease 2019, hypercoagulable state, and immunothrombosis are warranted. In the interim, increased attention to anticoagulant treatment approaches in coronavirus disease 2019 patients is needed.
Surgical Treatment of Oromandibular Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome Type I A by Distraction Osteogenesis Combined With Orthodontic Rehabilitation
Authors: Sangwatanakul Jirayus , Song Shaohua , Zhou Nuo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome is a rare developmental anomaly and only a few cases are reported with complete surgical and orthodontic rehabilitation. An adult male patient with isolated hypoglossia, micrognathism, hypodontia, (oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome type I A) was treated with a combination of distraction osteogenesis and orthodontic intervention. The patient was followed up for the duration of 6 years from his first visit to 4 years after the surgery. The combined procedure resulted in successful and satisfactory treatment of the patient by restoring facial aesthetics, occlusal balance, and functional harmony. However, there was not enough tongue enlargement due to late surgical intervention. The objective of this report is to describe the etiology of hypoglossia, the consequences for oral function, and to share our experience from the oral rehabilitation during the treatment procedure.
A Retrospective Study of Patients Undergoing Acute Electroconvulsive Therapy for Predominately Manic or Mixed Episodes With and Without Lithium in Singapore
Authors: Tang Kai Wen Aaron , Tan Xiao Wei , Tor Phern-Chern 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The effect of lithium therapy during Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on cognition and treatment effectiveness is unclear. In this study, we compare the cognitive and symptomatic outcomes of patients undergoing ECT with and without lithium in a large tertiary psychiatric institution.

Methods
Patients with predominantly manic or mixed episodes on lithium were propensity score matched with controls. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while severity of symptoms was assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale. Quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) and EuroQol Five Dimension (EQ-5D). Linear mixed-effects modeling and conditional logistic regression were conducted as appropriate.

Results
87 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in cognitive and symptomatic outcomes for patients receiving ECT with or without lithium after 6 sessions of ECT.

Conclusions
Concurrent lithium administration during the initial acute ECT course was not associated with differential cognitive or symptomatic outcomes. Lithium administration should not be a contraindication for appropriate acute ECT treatment in patients. Larger controlled studies to confirm these findings are warranted.
Surface and air contamination with SARS-CoV-2 from hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Kotwa Jonathon D. , Jamal Alainna J. , Mbareche Hamza , Yip Lily , Aftanas Patryk , Barati Shiva , Bell Natalie G. , Bryce Elizabeth , Coomes Eric , Crowl Gloria , Duchaine Caroline , Faheem Amna , Farooqi Lubna , Hiebert Ryan , Katz Kevin , Khan Saman , Kozak Robert , Li Angel X. , Mistry Henna P. , Mozafarihashjin Mohammad , Nasir Jalees A. , Nirmalarajah Kuganya , Panousis Emily M. , Paterson Aimee , Plenderleith Simon , Powis Jeff , Prost Karren , Schryer Renée , Taylor Maureen , Veillette Marc , Wong Titus , Zhong Xi Zoe , McArthur Andrew G. , McGeer Allison J. , Mubareka Samira 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces in rooms of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and to identify patient characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs, surface, and air samples were collected from the rooms of 78 inpatients with COVID-19 at six acute care hospitals in Toronto from March to May 2020. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and cultured to determine potential infectivity. Whole viral genomes were sequenced from nasopharyngeal and surface samples. Association between patient factors and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in surface samples were investigated using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.FindingsSARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected from surfaces (125/474 samples; 42/78 patients) and air (3/146 samples; 3/45 patients) in COVID-19 patient rooms; 17% (6/36) of surface samples from three patients yielded viable virus. Viral sequences from nasopharyngeal and surface samples clustered by patient.Multivariable analysis indicated hypoxia at admission, a PCR-positive nasopharyngeal swab with a cycle threshold of ≤30 on or after surface sampling date, higher Charlson co-morbidity score, and shorter time from onset of illness to sample date were significantly associated with detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in surface samples.InterpretationThe infrequent recovery of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus from the environment suggests that the risk to healthcare workers from air and near-patient surfaces in acute care hospital wards is likely limited. Surface contamination was greater when patients were earlier in their course of illness and in those with hypoxia, multiple co-morbidities, and higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in NP swabs. Our results suggest that air and surfaces may pose limited risk a few days after admission to acute care hospitals.
A model framework for projecting the prevalence and impact of Long-COVID in the UK
Authors: Martin Chris , Luteijn Michiel , Letton William , Robertson Josephine , McDonald Stuart 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this paper is to model lost Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) from symptoms arising from COVID-19 in the UK population, including symptoms of ‘long-COVID’. The scope includes QALYs lost to symptoms, but not deaths, due to acute COVID-19 and long COVID.MethodsThe prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19, encompassing acute symptoms and long-COVID symptoms, was modelled using a decay function. Permanent injury as a result of COVID-19 infection, was modelled as a fixed prevalence. Both parts are combined to calculate QALY loss due to COVID-19 symptoms.ResultsAssuming a 60% final attack rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population, we modelled 299,719 QALYs lost within 1 year of infection (90% due to symptomatic COVID-19 and 10% permanent injury) and 557,754 QALYs lost within 10 years of infection (49% due to symptomatic COVID-19 and 51% due to permanent injury). The UK Government willingness-to-pay to avoid these QALY losses would be £17.9 billion and £32.2 billion, respectively. Additionally, 90,143 people were subject to permanent injury from COVID-19 (0.14% of the population).ConclusionGiven the ongoing development in information in this area, we present a model framework for calculating the health economic impacts of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This model framework can aid in quantifying the adverse health impact of COVID-19, long COVID and permanent injury following COVID-19 in society and assist the proactive management of risk posed to health. Further research is needed using standardised measures of patient reported outcomes relevant to long COVID and applied at a population level.
Emergence and spread of the potential variant of interest (VOI) B.1.1.519 predominantly present in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Maldonado Abril Paulina , Vázquez-Pérez Joel Armando , Cedro-Tanda Alberto , Taboada Blanca , Boukadida Celia , Wong-Arámbula Claudia , Nuñez-García Tatiana Ernestina , Cruz-Ortiz Natividad , Barrera-Badillo Gisela , Hernández-Rivas Lucía , López-Martínez Irma , Mendoza-Vargas Alfredo , Reyes-Grajeda Juan Pablo , Alcaraz Nicolas , Peñaloza-Figueroa Fernando , Gonzalez-Barrera Dulibeth , Rangel-DeLeon Daniel , Herrera-Montalvo Luis Alonso , Mejía-Nepomuceno Fidencio , Hernández-Terán Alejandra , Mújica-Sánchez Mario , Becerril-Vargas Eduardo , Martínez-Orozco José Arturo , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio , Salas-Hernández Jorge , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Isa Pavel , Matías-Florentino Margarita , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , Muñoz-Medina José Esteban , Grajales-Muñiz Concepción , Salas-Lais Angel Gustavo , Coy-Arechavaleta Andrea Santos , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Arias Carlos F. , Ramírez-González José Ernesto 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged in late 2020 and there are at least three variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P1) reported by WHO. These variants have several substitutions in the Spike protein that affect receptor binding; they present increased transmissibility and may be associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness. In the present work, we are reporting the identification of a potential variant of interest harboring the mutations T478K, P681H, and T732A in the Spike protein, within the newly named lineage B.1.1.519, which rapidly outcompeted the preexisting variants in Mexico and has been the dominant virus in the country during the first trimester of 2021.