bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIET OF EIGHT SPECIES OF LIZARDS FROM GRANITE GAP, HIDALGO COUNTY, NEW MEXICO
Authors: Han Dawei , Johnson Alyssa , Ney Laura , Oberman Whitney , Pugh Madison , Timper Lauren , Montgomery Chad E. , Paulissen Mark A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Granite Gap is a desert scrub habitat located in the Chihuahuan Desert in southwestern New Mexico about 200 km from the Texas border. In May 2016, we collected specimens of eight lizard species, six of which range into Texas: Callisaurus draconoides, Cophosaurus texanus, Uta stansburiana, Urosaurus ornatus, Gambelia wislizenii, and Aspidoscelis sonorae (a parthenogenetic species), plus two species not found in Texas: Sceloporus clarkii and Aspidoscelis tigris. We analyzed stomach contents of the preserved lizards and computed diet breadth and overlap for each. All lizard species consumed arthropods only. Considering the entire sample, there was a significant correlation between lizard snout-vent length (SVL) and total volume of arthropods consumed, and between lizard SVL and mean volume per prey item, but not between lizard SVL and number of arthropods consumed. This suggests larger lizards did not consume more arthropods than smaller lizards, but they did consume larger ones. Overall, A. sonorae was the most specialized lizard species at Granite Gap whereas C. texanus seemed to be the most generalized owing to its high numeric and high volumetric diet breadth. The dietary overlap data suggest there were two groups of lizards at Granite Gap: one that consumes a large number and volume of termites (Callisaurus, Cophosaurus, and the two species of Aspidoscelis) and the other that consumes a large number and volume of ants (Uta, Urosaurus, small Sceloporus) plus cicadas when lizard size is large enough to consume them (large Sceloporus and Gambelia).
Speech Acts and Politeness: A Case Study on Indonesian EFL Learners in Teaching and Learning Practice
Authors: Zulianti Hajjah , Nurchurifiani Eva 
Published: June 2021

This research is intended to know the kinds and classification of speech acts and the politeness implication in teaching and learning activities. The subject of this research was the sixth-semester EFL learners of STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung. The object of this research was speech acts used by EFL learners. The researcher used the observation technique combined with noting technique in collecting the data. In this research, the researcher used the qualitative multiple study. The result of the study showed that speech acts used by EFL learners were direct and indirect speech acts. The speech acts were classified into the assertive, commissive, directive, and expressive. The politeness strategy acted by EFL learning included positive and negative politeness. The use of positive politeness creates a closeness among the teacher and the students, creates a pleasant classroom atmosphere, and increases the students’ motivation. Meanwhile, the use of negative politeness reduces amount degree of friendliness among the students and the teacher and creates a formal learning situation. Theoretically, this research has implications for the development of scientific insights about pragmatics, especially speech acts, and practically it gives implication to EFL teachers and students in understanding, analyzing, and interpreting the use of speech acts in communication.
Comparative Analysis Research Methods of Political Discourse
Authors: Demkina Ya. Yu. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The article compares the methods of researching political discourse with special attention to linguistic methods, in particular, to discourse analysis and cognitive and rhetorical approaches. These methods are widely used to study political speeches, statements, texts. Increasingly, political discourse is seen as a social phenomenon, not only at the discursive but also on the cognitive and rhetorical levels. The object of this study is methods of analysis of political discourse allowing to study the position of a politician in the discursive sphere and to identify the character of his audience. The subject of the analysis are examples from Joe Biden's political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop arguments to choose a particular approach to political discourse, especially cognitive and rhetorical, as well as discourse analysis, which allow to reveal veiled meanings of political statements and consider the methods of persuasion of the electorate.Methodology and data sources. The subject of the analysis are examples of Joe Biden’s political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. To compare approaches the study of political discourse, descriptive and comparative methods are used, the effectiveness of different approaches and methods is illustrated by specific examples of linguistic interpretation of discursive features of publications and speeches, revealing the ambitions of the politician most fully. A method of quantitative counting is also used.Results and discussion. The use of descriptive and comparative methods makes it possible to compare different approaches to the study of political texts and speeches, to discuss the relationship of heterogeneous methods, to identify the most effective methods of studying discourse. The result of the article was the conclusions about the effectiveness of different approaches to the study of the language of politicians at discursive, cognitive and rhetorical levels. Comparison of methods of research of political discourse distinguishes discourse-analysis among other methods of analysis. The use of discourse analysis to study political discourse reveals the functions of discourse, for example, manipulative, selective and combined functions related to political goals. The use of critical discourse analysis allows you to identify these functions most fully.Conclusion. The study of political discourse can be carried out at different levels, but the discursive level compared to cognitive and rhetorical levels is the most effective from a linguistic point of view. Discourse analysis allows to explore political discourse at more qualitative different level than rhetorical and other linguistic methods of research. Discourse analysis is presented as a method of researching hidden meanings in politics in this article.
DETERMINATION OF SUNSET YELLOW AS A SYNTHETIC FOOD COLORANT IN CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS CONSUMED IN KATSINA METROPOLIS (NIGERIA) USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Lawal Abubakar , Gwaram Nura Suleiman , Yerima Buhari Lawal , Ibrahim Imrana 
Published: June 2021

The use of Sunset yellow as food colorants in non-alcoholic drinks, beverages and confectionery is rising despite their problems upon consumption by humans. It is therefore, necessary to constantly monitor the concentrations of these dyes in our foods, beverages and confectionery because of their health-related issues that include hyperactivity in children and immune system compromise. For these reasons, the concentration of sunset yellow used as colorants was determined in ten different brands of confectionaries using the spectrophotometric method of analysis. A cross-sectional primary data was obtained through experimental procedures in ten different samples of confectionary products procured (Central Market Katsina, Nigeria). The results shown that the concentration for the two samples; E and I are 52.311±0.178 mg/L and 87.887±0.018 mg/L respectively were found to be above the acceptable permissible limit of 50mg/L, while for the remaining eight samples; A, B, C, D, F, G, H, and J are, 46.523±0.116 mg/L, 49.364±0.418 mg/L, 41.924±0.029 mg/L, 27.853±0.029 mg/L, 33.045±0.018 mg/L, 29.515±0.028 mg/L, 34.250±0.019 mg/L and 33.295±0.018 mg/L respectively are within the acceptable permissible limit of 50 mg/L in accordance to Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and council establishing a Union list of food additives. Therefore, the results justify the safe consumption of samples A, B, C, D, F, G, H and J but samples E and I are not safe for consumption due to their concentration levels found above 50 mg/L.
Effects Of Seed Priming On Root- Shoot Behaviour And Stress Tolerance Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)
Authors: Yanglem Sofia Devi , Ram Vishram , Rangappa Krishnappa , Premaradhya - , Deshmukh Nishant 
Published: June 2021

A pot culture experiment was carried out under controlled conditions for the detailed study of morphophysiological and advanced stress response adaptive mechanisms along with yield performance of pea varieties under the influence of seed priming substances. The performances of selected seed priming substances in different pea varieties were tested with water stress. Growth and physiological parameters documented at the stress period. From the experiment, it can be inferred that seed priming substances like KH2PO4 (1.5 and 3%), H2O2 (10 mM) and PEG (5%) were significantly outperformed in inducing higher growth with positive physiological changes.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 199-208, 2021 (June)
Effects of Nitrogen Supplementation With Wheat Straw on Productivity of Pleurotus Djamor (Rumph. Ex FR.) Boedijn
Authors: Barh Anupam , Kamal Shwet , Kumari Babita , Annepu Sudheer Kumar , Kumar Satish , Shirur Mahantesh , Sharma VP 
Published: June 2021

The present experiment was conducted in order to prepare a suitable substrate composition using wheat straw and also to ascertain the effect of various levels of nitrogen supplementation on the yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus mushroom. The strain DMRP-205 of Pleurotus djamor was used in the study. Among different treatment combinations, maximum biological efficiency of 75.11% was recorded in T2 with 0.5% of urea supplementation. It was also observed that, though the higher nitrogen supplementation does not increase the yield proportionately, it has significant effect on the spawn run period, cropping duration and colour intensity of the basidiocarp. The study necessitates the nitrogen supplementation at optimum levels (0.5%) to realize the maximum yield in P. djamor cultivation.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 227-233, 2021 (June)
Analysis on the Quality of Epimedii Folium Originating From Cultivated Epimedium Pubescens Maxim
Authors: Zaiyou Jian , Guifang Xu , Jing Tian 
Published: June 2021

The contents of main medicinal componentsin cultivated Epimedii foliumand yield plant originating fromEpimediumpubescensMaxim were compared to evaluate the quality of cultivated Epimedii folium.The concentration of icariin and epimedin C in the extracts came from cultivated E.pubescens and yield one were, respectively determined with RP-HPLC. The results showed that the contents of main medicinal componentsin cultivated E.pubescens were all lower than that in yield of E.pubescens. The quality of cultivated Epimedii folium is inferior to that of yield one. The cultivated E. brevicornumaterials can be used as medicinal materials because there are considerable medicinal chemical components in cultivated E.pubescens.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 295-299, 2021 (June)
Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Fruit of Melicoccus Bijugatus Jacq.
Authors: López Juan Carlos Calderón , Sachdev Harin , Thepanondh Sarawut , Herrera Yolanda Alexia Quintanilla 
Published: June 2021

Morphological and physico-chemical characterization of the fruit of Melicoccus bijugatus were studied. To estimate more accurate data of fruit of Melicoccus bijugatus 11 variables were valued in two different stages of maturity ripe and unripe: shelled weight, shell weight, juice weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), thickness (mm), shell thickness (mm), seed color and seed shape. In order to obtain these analytical scales and calibrators data, the two maturity stages by tabulating and analyzing all the information collected were compared and taken into consideration the maturity index to determine the optimum point of harvest. The shell weight, juice weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and shell thickness were obtained higher in the ripe fruit than the unripe fruit, when the fruits have reached 69% of maturity, recommended as optimal percentage of maturity.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 387-394, 2021 (June)
Effects of Fertilizers on Growth and Sclerotia Formation of Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
Authors: Abbas Hafiz Muhammad Khalid , Mahmood Rashid , Khan Salik Nawaz , Ali Anser 
Published: June 2021

Macrophomina phaseolina was exposed to various concentrations of N, P and K fertilizers in PDA medium. Most of the fertilizers did not affect and some slightly increased the mycelial growth. All the fertilizers significantly affected sclerotia of the fungus. Urea and CAN at 10 ppm N reduced sclerotia by 85 to 90%. Similar reduction was noted with ammonium sulfate and NPK-(20 : 20 : 20) at or above 20 ppm N. DAP decreased sclerotia count whereas SSP increased it up to 300%. Under the influence of potassium fertilizers sclerotia count was increased by 200 to 400%, maximum with potassium nitrate followed by MOP and SOP.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 413-416, 2021 (June)
Photosynthetic Capacity, Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Responses in Parthenocissus Quinquefolia (L.) Planch Under High Temperature Stress and Subsequent Recovery
Authors: Tao Yuan Xue , Ping Li Fu 
Published: June 2021

Photosynthetic capacity and photosystem II (PSII) activity decreased with increasing temperature, whereas antioxidant enzyme activity showed the opposite trend. High temperature stress induced a significant increase in Φf,D, and D1 protein turnover rate. Photosynthetic capacity, PSII activity, and antioxidant enzyme levels in plants treated at 35 and 40°C were restored to control levels upon stress relief, whereas those in plants grown at 45℃ were only partially restored. Therefore, the temperature limit for heat tolerance in Parthenocissus quinquefolia is between 40 and 45℃. Further, it was observed that antioxidant enzymes were crucial for high-temperature stress resistance in P. quinquefolia, with DEGP1 protein playing a major role in the rapid turnover of D1 protein for PSII repair.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 433-436, 2021 (June)
Using Two-Layered Feed-Forward Neural Networks to Model Blood Uric Acid Among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir W , Mohamad Ghazali Farah Muna , Mohd Noor Nor Farid , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Aleng Nor Azlida 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The end product of purine metabolism in humans is uric acid (UA). Although uric acid can function as either an antioxidant or an oxidant depending on the surrounding environment, the chemical environment can also impact uric acid.The uric acid level in the serum can predict the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.
Objective: This study aims to determine factors that are perhaps having an association with acid uric.
Method: Variables selection is basedon clinical importance. The most significant variable will be assigned and analyzed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) through multilayer feed-forward and contour plot.
Results: Through the architecture of MLFF with two hidden layers, it was found that Creatinine level, Urea level, Systolic Blood Pressure reading, Waist circumference reading, Gender play an essential role toward uric level with an accuracy of 97.7% and the predicted mean squared error (MSE.net) is 0.005. The combination of the selected variable showing the highest significance in predicting the level of uric acid.
Conclusion: These findings offer useful future management action plans for patients with diabetes.By controlling these four variables can improve the level of health among diabetic patients.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.741-747
The Potential Effect of Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract on Sperm Quality experimental study on mice exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Milla Meidona Nurul , Istadi Yani , Shaula Vania , Wari Deastri Anjeas , Puspitasari Chntyia Dwi Cahyani , Bin Sef Umar Usman 
Published: June 2021

Background: Infertility has been more common problems among couple of reproductive age. One of the factors causing this disorder is unhealthy environmental factors including exposure to cigarette smoke. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke can cause testicular atrophy, while the free radicals can inhibit the stages of spermatogenesis, and nicotine in cigarettes affects the brain dopamine levels affecting the levels of GnRH, and subsequently affect the levels of FSH and LH needed in spermatogenesis. The use of Mucuna pruriens seed extract containing antioxidants and L-dopa is expected to improve the quality of sperm after exposure to cigarette smoke.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on the sperm quality in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.
Methods: This study was an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 20 mice were divided into 4 groups of five mice each. All groups were exposed to cigarette smoke. Group 1 was the negative control exposed to cigarette smoke. Groups 2, 3, 4 were exposed to cigarettes smoke and given Mucuna pruriens seed extracts at the dose of 250; 300; and 350 mg/Kg BW/day. Parameters of sperm quality included concentration, morphology, motility and viability.
Results: Post hoc tests showed there were significant differences among treatment groups.
Conclusion: the administration of Mucuna pruriens seed extract affects the sperm quality of BALB/c mice exposed to cigarettes smoke.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.768-773
The situation awareness of health workers about needlestick and sharp injuries at hospital
Authors: Kusbaryanto - , Listiowati - 
Published: June 2021

Background: The nosocomial infection occurs in patients who are under medical treatments in hospitals or other health facilities, which has not yet occurred at the time of admission. This infection can occur as delivering treatments for other diseases; and even after the patients has returned from the hospital.The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of an education about the danger of needlestick to the situational awareness of health workers regarding the needlestick and sharp injuries in hospitals.
Method: This study is a quasi-experiments with pretest and post-test control group design. The samples of this study was collected using purposive sampling with 98 respondents in the experiment group and 29 respondents in the control group. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Independent sample T test. Meanwhile, the data were collected by questionnaires.
Result: The measurement results of the situation awarenessin the control group, mean is 45.31, and SD is 3.57; in the treatment group, mean is 46.77, and SD is 4.04.The differences of the situation awareness of needlestick and sharp objects in the control group, before and after education, is p = 0.981 (> 0.05); the result is not significant. The differences of the situation awareness of needlestick and sharp objects in the treatment group, before and after education, is p = 0.001 (<0.05); the result is significant. The differences of the situation awareness in control group and treatment group, after education, is p = 0.001 (<0.05); the result is significant.
Conclution: The education about the prevention of needlestick and sharp objects on health workers is effective to raise the situation awareness about the danger of needlestick and sharp objects in health workers in hospitals.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.774-778
An Audit on Mentor-Mentee Program: Mentees Perceptions on Mentors
Authors: Zainol Jamaluddin , Salam Abdus 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Mentor-mentee program is essential for mentees’ development. The objective of this paper was to investigate mentees’ perceptions on their mentors.
Methods: A questionnairesurvey among all-50 clinical-medical students who mentored by 16 faculty members at Widad University College(WUC)Malaysia, was conducted in 2019.A standardized-questionnaire that examined the mentorship-roles, communication-frequencies, mentor-mentee-relationships and mentoring-effectiveness was used. Relationship was measured by a 4-point scale against each of satisfaction, importance, support, and impact while effectiveness was measured using 0-5 scale on 11-behavioral-skills.
Results: Response rate was 92%; only 17% mentees perceived, their mentors played all five mentorship-roles while 30% played only one role. Though 41% mentees had ≥6 communications per-semester with mentors, one year-5 mentee had no-communication at all. Over 16 mentor-mentee relationship and 55 mentoring-effectiveness scores, the mean relationship and effectiveness score was 12.03(75%) and 37.45(72%) respectively. Mentees expected more communication-sessions and their contributions to be acknowledged.
Conclusion: Mentor-mentee program at WUC revealed 75% and 72% respectively in mentormentee- relationship and mentoring-effectiveness, which is good. However, faculty needs to play more mentorship-roles and acknowledged mentees’ contributions. Addition of portfolio and reflective-writing in the curriculum will benefits in monitoring mentees’ development. Educational managers should pay attention to this and adequate training of mentors to fulfil the mentees’ needs.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.840-847
Work-Family Conflict, Psychological Empowerment, and Turnover Intentions among Married Female Doctors
Authors: Tariq Isra , Asad Ms Sara , Majeed Ms Asma , Fahim Urusa 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine work-family conflict and psychological empowerment as correlates and predictors of turnover intentions among married female doctors. It further aimed to identify significant differences in study variables among the sample in terms of the type of family system i.e., nuclear and joint.
Materials and Methods: This correlational study analyzed a sample of 105 married female doctors aged 23-45 years (Mage=31.69; SD=5.20) working in different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Participants completed Work-Family Conflict Scale, Psychological Empowerment Instrument and Turnover Intention Scale.
Results and Discussion: Dimensions of work-family conflict had a significant positive relationship with turnover intentions. Furthermore, psychological empowerment had a significant negative relation with turnover intentions. Behavior-based family interference with work and psychological empowerment emerged as significant predictors of turnover intentions among the sample. No significant differences were found in study variables in terms of nuclear and joint family system.
Conclusion: Implications of findings are discussed with reference to the medical profession.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.855-863