bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of axial length to identify the effects of monocular 0.125% atropine treatment for pediatric anisometropia
Authors: Kao Po-Hsiang , Chuang Lan-Hsin , Lai Chi-Chun , Chen Shin-Yi , Lin Ken-Kuo , Lee Jiahn-Shing , Hou Chiun-Ho , Chen Chueh-Tan , Kuo Yu-Kai , Sun Chi-Chin , Liu Chun-Fu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine the effects of monocular 0.125% atropine daily treatment on the longer axial length (AL) eyes in children with pediatric anisometropia. This was a retrospective cohort study. The charts of children with anisometropia (aged 6–15 years) who had a > 0.2-mm difference in AL between the two eyes were reviewed. Children who received monocular treatment of 0.125% atropine in the eye with longer AL were included for final analysis. The main outcome measure was the difference in AL between the two eyes after treatment. Regression analysis was used to model the changes in AL according to the time of treatment in both eyes. Finally, forty eyes in 20 patients (mean age 10.2 years) were included in the analyses. During the treatment period, AL was controlled in the treated eyes (p = 0.389) but elongated significantly in the untreated eyes (p < 0.001). The difference in AL between the treated and untreated eyes decreased from 0.57 to 0.22 mm (p < 0.001) after the 1-year treatment period. In the regression model, the best fit for the relationship between changes in AL and time during the treatment period in the treated eyes was the quadratic regression model with a concave function. In conclusion, these data suggest that 0.125% atropine daily is an effective treatment to reduce the interocular difference of AL in eyes with axial anisometropia. This pilot study provides useful information for future prospective and larger studies of atropine for the treatment of pediatric axial anisometropia.
Capacity allocation and pricing for energy storage sharing in a smart community
Authors: Zhu Zongyao , Wang Xiuli , Wu Xiong , Wang Yifei , Peng Qiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increasing energy storage resources at the end‐user side require an efficient market mechanism to facilitate and improve the utilization of energy storage (ES). Here, a novel ES capacity trading framework is proposed for ES sharing of a smart community consisting of multiple ES owners (ESOs) and users. Specifically, an iterative clearing approach is designed to capture the interaction between the ESOs and users. Players submit trading parameters with consideration of their own preferences and profiles according to utility functions. After receiving the offering/bidding parameters, the market operator determines the capacity allocation and clearing price based on the principle of maximizing social welfare. This decentralized clearing process avoids complex calculation induced by the centralized decision method and preserves players’ privacy. Case studies are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results show that ES sharing scheme brings additional revenues to ESOs, decreases costs for users, and reduces the peak‐to‐valley difference of system loads. In addition, the clearing results are very close to global optimal solutions and mainly affected by the maximum capacity and reservation price of each ESO.
Metric of choosing the optimal parameter setting for edge aware filtering
Authors: Yin Hui , Zhou Fei , Li Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost of the existing edge aware filters have a number of parameters. The optimal settings of these parameters guarantee the best performance but they depend on the input image. It would be difficult for inexperienced users to empirically get the optimal parameters. This paper proposes a new metric for choosing the optimal parameter settings of edge aware filtering, which is called metric of edge aware filtering (MEAF). MEAF evaluates the quality of filtered images from three aspects: the color distance, the distance of the prominent structure, and smoothness. The colour distance is calculated by rooted mean square error. The distance of the prominent structure is calculated by the proposed SSIM map masked by Sobel edges (MASKED‐SSIM). In MASKED‐SSIM, Sobel detector is used to detect the prominent structure from the input image and the calculation of structure distance is constrained on the prominent structures. Number of gradients and relative total variation are further defined to measure the smoothness of the filtered image. MEAF is an objective metric, which is specially designed for choosing the optimal parameters of edge aware filtering and can be used universally for arbitrary input image. Experiments on 12 state‐of‐the‐art edge aware filters show the effectiveness of MEAF.
Auswirkungen vermehrten Tragens von Mund-Nase-Schutz auf Kognition und Psyche von Klinikmitarbeitern
Authors: König Miriam , Eraslan Defne , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Biela Christina , Weisbrod Matthias 
Published: November 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Aufgrund von Sicherheitsmaßnahmen in Bezug auf COVID-19 sind Klinikmitarbeiter aller Bereiche angehalten, die Mehrheit der Zeit Mund-Nase-Schutz (MNS) zu tragen. Mitarbeiter im Gesundheitswesen empfinden Atemschutzmasken häufig als störend und befürchten negative Auswirkungen auf die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit. In der aktuellen Studie wurden die Folgen des Tragens von MNS auf Kognition und Psyche sowie die Selbsteinschätzungen der Mitarbeiter in Bezug auf potenzielle Auswirkungen untersucht.
Methode 29 Klinikmitarbeiter wurden hinsichtlich ihrer kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit sowie psychischen Gesundheit an 2 jeweils ± 90-minütigen Terminen untersucht, wobei Mitarbeiter bei einem der Testtermine MNS trugen. Die Untersuchungen beinhalteten neuropsychologische Diagnostik, Fragebögen, Erfassung der Puls- und Sauerstoffwerte sowie Selbsteinschätzung der Probanden in Bezug auf ihre kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit.
Ergebnisse Das Tragen von MNS hatte keine Auswirkung auf die Selbsteinschätzung hinsichtlich der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit. Durch das Tragen von MNS über einen Zeitraum von ± 90 Minuten treten keine kognitiven Leistungseinbußen ein. Die Selbsteinschätzung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit wird hingegen durch Befürchtungen hinsichtlich der Corona-Situation beeinflusst.
Schlussfolgerung Sowohl subjektiv als auch objektiv entstehen durch das vermehrte Tragen von MNS keine Minderungen der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit von Klinikmitarbeitern. Die Selbsteinschätzung wurde jedoch durch das Sicherheitserleben und die Befürchtungen mitbestimmt, weswegen ein respektvoller Umgang mit individuellen Sorgen und Ängsten in Bezug auf die COVID-19-Situation im Arbeitskontext von großer Bedeutung zu sein scheint.
Pressure and doping effects on the structural stability of thermoelectric BaAg2Te2
Authors: Yu Hulei , Li Wen , Pei Yanzhong , Chen Yue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ternary chalcogenides have attracted great attention for their potential applications in thermoelectric devices. Here, we investigate the pressure and doping effects on the structural stability of BaAg2Te2 using first-principles calculations. Imaginary frequencies are observed in the calculated phonon dispersions of the reported Pnma structure, indicating that Pnma BaAg2Te2 is lattice dynamically unstable at 0 K. Although the imaginary phonon frequencies are small, we find that hydrostatic pressure cannot effectively stabilize the structure. Based on the soft mode at Γ point, a new monoclinic phase with a space group of P21/c is proposed. From ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the P21/c phase is predicted to transform to the Pnma phase at a low temperature below 100 K. Electron/hole doping effects on the lattice dynamical stability of the Pnma phase are also studied. It is found that hole doping is superior to electron doping in stabilizing the Pnma phase. Further study on the electrical transport properties of the Pnma phase reveals a higher performance along b axis than that along the other two directions. This work paves an avenue to better understand the structural stability and electrical transport properties of thermoelectric BaAg2Te2.
Efficient determination and evaluation of steady-state thermal–mechanical variables generated by wire arc additive manufacturing and high pressure rolling
Authors: Gornyakov Valeriy , Sun Yongle , Ding Jialuo , Williams Stewart 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of large component is susceptible to residual stress (RS) and distortion, which are detrimental and need to be mitigated through high pressure rolling or other methods. In this study, an efficient modelling approach is developed to simulate both WAAM and rolling, and this approach can also be applied to other manufacturing processes to determine steady-state variables. For a clamped wall component, the computationally efficient reduced-size WAAM and rolling models (i.e. short models) can obtain steady-state solutions equivalent to those obtained by conventional full-size models. In the short models, the undesirable effect of reducing the length of the modelled component is counteracted by imposing additional longitudinal constraint as proper to specific processes. The steady-state solution obtained by the short model in clamped condition is then mapped to a long model for analysis of RS and distortion after removal of clamps. The WAAM model predictions of temperature, RS and distortion are in good agreement with experimental measurements. For the steady-state region in the WAAM deposited wall, compressive longitudinal plastic strain (PS) is approximately uniformly formed, and the influential factors and implications of the PS are analysed. The high pressure rolling on the wall after WAAM deposition introduces tensile PS that compensates for the compressive PS induced by the WAAM deposition, thereby mitigating the tensile RS in the clamped wall and alleviating the bending distortion after the removal of clamps. This study demonstrates an efficient approach for modelling large-scale manufacturing and provides insights into the steady-state strains and stresses generated by WAAM and rolling.
A wavefront division multiplexing holographic scheme and its application in looking through diffuser
Authors: Chen Li , Kumar Singh Rakesh , Vinu R V , Chen Ziyang , Pu Jixiong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a spatial light modulator (SLM) assisted compact holographic method and illustrate its application by imaging through a random scattering medium. The merit of the proposed method is wavefront division multiplexing, i.e. the dual wavefront modulations over a single SLM. Two different wavefront shapes: a reference-light shape and a phase object, are combined over the SLM. One advantage of this scheme is the flexible modulation of the reference light. The experimental implementation of this method is demonstrated by quantitatively reconstructing different phase objects from the randomly scattered light. This new scheme greatly simplifies the experimental configuration and presents a better stability even in presence of external vibrations, opening avenues for the holography-based scattering imaging application.
Electron mobility in asymmetric GaN/AlGaN quantum well transistor structure: effect of alloy disorder scattering
Authors: Panda Shwetapadma , Dora Kshirabdhee T , Panda Ajit K , Sahu Trinath 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We analyze the electron mobility μ of GaN/AlGaN based quantum well (QW) transistor structure. We consider the potential profile V(z) by including the potential due topolarization (V

p
) and Hartree potential (V

H
) owing to surface electron density N

s
. The low temperature mobility is governed by the alloy disorder (ad-) and interface roughness (ir-) scatterings. As N

s
increases, μ increases. However, for larger N

s
(N

s
> 0.6 × 1013 cm−2), there is a deviation showing decreasing trend of μ. We show that the ad- scattering plays a vital role in governing μ. An increase in N

s
causes narrowing of the polarization induced channel potential through V

H
and hence facilitates the larger extension of the subband wave function into the surface barrier. Accordingly, the ad-scattering increases, thereby reducing μ. we show that with an increase in well width there is a substantial rise in μ in quantum well (QW) structures while almost no change in μ in double heterostructures (DH). Enhancement of height of the barriers leads to different results, i.e., for the back barrier, there is a reduction in μ in both QW and DH structures, while for the surface barrier, there is a rise in μ. The fascinating trends of our results of μ in different GaN/AlGaN structures elucidate the importance of ad-scattering on low temperature μ.
Toward active disruption avoidance via real-time estimation of the safe operating region and disruption proximity in tokamaks
Authors: Boyer M.D. , Rea C. , Clement M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a real-time capable algorithm for identifying the safe operating region around a tokamak operating point. The region is defined by a convex set of linear constraints, from which the distance of a point from a disruptive boundary can be calculated. The disruptivity of points is calculated from an empirical machine learning predictor that generates the likelihood of disruption. While the likelihood generated by such empirical models can be compared to a threshold to trigger a disruption mitigation system, the safe operating region calculation enables active optimization of the operating point to maintain a safe margin from disruptive boundaries. The proposed algorithm is tested using a random forest disruption predictor fit on data from DIII-D. The safe operating region identification algorithm is applied to historical data from DIII-D showing the evolution of disruptive boundaries and the potential impact of optimization of the operating point. Real-time relevant execution times are made possible by parallelizing many of the calculation steps and implementing the algorithm on a graphics processing unit. A real-time capable algorithm for optimizing the target operating point within the identified constraints is also proposed and simulated.
Medipix3 for dosimetry and real-time beam monitoring: first tests at a 60 MeV proton therapy facility
Authors: Yap J.S.L. , Bal N.J.S. , Kacperek A. , Resta López J. , Welsch C.P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Charged particle therapy (CPT) is an advanced modality of
radiation therapy which has grown rapidly worldwide, driven by
recent developments in technology and methods of delivery. To ensure
safe and high quality treatments, various instruments are used for a
range of different measurements such as for quality assurance,
monitoring and dosimetry purposes. With the emergence of new and
enhanced delivery techniques, systems with improved capabilities are
needed to exceed existing performance limitations of conventional
tools. The Medipix3 is a hybrid pixel detector able to count
individual protons with millisecond time resolution at clinical flux
with near instant readout and count rate linearity. The system has
previously demonstrated use in medical and other applications,
showing wide versatility and potential for particle therapy. In this
work we present measurements of the Medipix3 detector in the 60 MeV
ocular proton therapy beamline at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre,
U.K. The beam current and lateral beam profiles were evaluated at
multiple positions in the treatment line and compared with EBT3
Gafchromic film. The recorded count rate linearity and temporal
analysis of the beam structure was measured with Medipix3 across the
full range of available beam intensities, up to
3.12 × 1010 protons/s. We explore the capacity of Medipix3
to provide non-reference measurements and its applicability as a
tool for dosimetry and beam monitoring for CPT. This is the first
known time the performance of the Medipix3 detector technology has
been tested within a clinical, high proton flux environment.
Breath acetone concentration: too heterogeneous to constitute a diagnosis or prognosis biomarker in heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gouzi Fares , Ayache Diba , Hédon Christophe , Molinari Nicolas , Vicet Aurore 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Exhaled breath acetone (ExA) has been investigated as a biomarker for heart failure (HF). Yet, barriers to its use in the clinical field have not been identified. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the ExA heterogeneity and factors of variability in healthy controls (HC), to identify its relations with HF diagnosis and prognostic factors and to assess its diagnosis and prognosis accuracy in HF patients. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and Web of Science database. All studies with HC and HF patients with a measured ExA were included and studies providing ExA’s diagnosis and prognosis accuracy were identified. Results. Out of 971 identified studies, 18 studies involving 833 HC and 1009 HF patients were included in the meta-analysis. In HC, ExA showed an important heterogeneity (I
2 = 99%). Variability factors were fasting state, sampling type and analytical method. The mean ExA was 1.89 times higher in HF patients vs. HC (782 [531–1032] vs. 413 [347–478] ppbv; p < 0.001). One study showed excellent diagnosis accuracy, and one showed a good prognosis value. ExA correlated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) dyspnea (p < 0.001) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (p < 0.001). Studies showed a poor definition and reporting of included subjects. Discussion. Despite the between-study heterogeneity in HC, the evidence of an excellent diagnosis and prognosis value of ExA in HF from single studies can be extended to clinical populations worldwide. Factors of variability (ExA procedure and breath sampling) could further improve the diagnosis and prognosis values of this biomarker in HF patients.
W fuzz layers: very high resistance to sputtering under fusion-relevant He
+
irradiations
Authors: FAN Hongyu , NIU Chunjie , LI Xiaoping , LIU Weifeng , ZHANG Yang , NI Weiyuan , ZHANG Yinghui , LIU Lu , LIU Dongping , BENSTETTER Günther , LEI Guangjiu , NIU Jinhai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, we have modeled the sputtering process of energetic He+ ions colliding with W nano-fuzz materials, based on the physical processes, such as the collision and diffusion of energetic particles, sputtering and redeposition. Our modeling shows that the fuzzy nanomaterials with a large surface-to-volume ratio exhibit very high resistance to sputtering under fusion-relevant He+ irradiations, and their sputtering yields are mainly determined by the thickness of fuzzy nano-materials, the reflection coefficients and mean free paths of energetic particles, surface sputtering yields of a flat base material, and the geometry of nano-fuzz. Our measurements have confirmed that the surface sputtering yield of a W nano-fuzz layer with the columnar geometry of nano-fuzz in cross-section is about one magnitude of order lower than the one of smooth W substrates. This work provides a complete model for energetic particles colliding with the nano-fuzz layer and clarifies the fundamental sputtering process occurring in the nano-fuzz layer.
EGFI: drug–drug interaction extraction and generation with fusion of enriched entity and sentence information
Authors: Huang Lei , Lin Jiecong , Li Xiangtao , Song Linqi , Zheng Zetian , Wong Ka-Chun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMotivationThe rapid growth in literature accumulates diverse and yet comprehensive biomedical knowledge hidden to be mined such as drug interactions. However, it is difficult to extract the heterogeneous knowledge to retrieve or even discover the latest and novel knowledge in an efficient manner. To address such a problem, we propose EGFI for extracting and consolidating drug interactions from large-scale medical literature text data. Specifically, EGFI consists of two parts: classification and generation. In the classification part, EGFI encompasses the language model BioBERT which has been comprehensively pretrained on biomedical corpus. In particular, we propose the multihead self-attention mechanism and packed BiGRU to fuse multiple semantic information for rigorous context modeling. In the generation part, EGFI utilizes another pretrained language model BioGPT-2 where the generation sentences are selected based on filtering rules.ResultsWe evaluated the classification part on ‘DDIs 2013’ dataset and ‘DTIs’ dataset, achieving the F1 scores of 0.842 and 0.720 respectively. Moreover, we applied the classification part to distinguish high-quality generated sentences and verified with the existing growth truth to confirm the filtered sentences. The generated sentences that are not recorded in DrugBank and DDIs 2013 dataset demonstrated the potential of EGFI to identify novel drug relationships.AvailabilitySource code are publicly available at https://github.com/Layne-Huang/EGFI.
eSCAN: scan regulatory regions for aggregate association testing using whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Yang Yingxi , Sun Quan , Huang Le , Broome Jai G , Correa Adolfo , Reiner Alexander ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Raffield Laura M , Yang Yuchen , Li Yun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multiple statistical methods for aggregate association testing have been developed for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Many aggregate variants in a given genomic window and ignore existing knowledge to define test regions, resulting in many identified regions not clearly linked to genes, and thus, limiting biological understanding. Functional information from new technologies (such as Hi-C and its derivatives), which can help link enhancers to their effector genes, can be leveraged to predefine variant sets for aggregate testing in WGS data. Here, we propose the eSCAN (scan the enhancers) method for genome-wide assessment of enhancer regions in sequencing studies, combining the advantages of dynamic window selection in SCANG (SCAN the Genome), a previously developed method, with the advantages of incorporating putative regulatory regions from annotation. eSCAN, by searching in putative enhancers, increases statistical power and aids mechanistic interpretation, as demonstrated by extensive simulation studies. We also apply eSCAN for blood cell traits using NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine WGS data. Results from real data analysis show that eSCAN is able to capture more significant signals, and these signals are of shorter length (indicating higher resolution fine-mapping capability) and drive association of larger regions detected by other methods.