bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Quantitative Genetics and Statistical Analyses in Sugarcane Breeding
Authors: Hoarau Jean-Yves , Dumont Thomas , Wei Xianming , Jackson Philip , D’Hont Angélique 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSugarcane breeding programs aim to deliver new high-yielding varieties, resistant to diseases and pests, which contribute to profitability and sustainability of cane industries. These programs generally mobilize significant experimental, technological and human resources on long-term basis. Their efficiency in terms of genetic gains per unit of cost and time and their ability to release new varieties rely on the development of many breeding applications based on quantitative genetics theory and on statistical analyses of numerous experimental data from selection schemes including DNA marker data developed for some genomic breeding applications. New methodological approaches and new technologies that might better guide and support breeding research in cultivars development programs are continually sought. This paper presents an overview of the main applications developed in statistical methodology in support of the efficiency of sugarcane breeding programs. For each type of application, its conceptual and methodological framework is presented. Implementation issues are reviewed as well as the main scientific and practical achievements so far obtained.
Neolithic farmers or Neolithic foragers? Organic residue analysis of early pottery from Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don (Russia)
Authors: Bondetti Manon , González Carretero Lara , Dolbunova Ekaterina , McGrath Krista , Presslee Sam , Lucquin Alexandre , Tsybriy Viktor , Mazurkevich Andrey , Tsybriy Andrey , Jordan Peter , Heron Carl , Meadows John , Craig Oliver E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe emergence of pottery in Europe is associated with two distinct traditions: hunter-gatherers in the east of the continent during the early 6th millennium BC and early agricultural communities in the south-west in the late 7th millennium BC. Here we investigate the function of pottery from the site of Rakushechny Yar, located at the Southern fringe of Eastern Europe, in this putative contact zone between these two economic ‘worlds’. To investigate, organic residue analysis was conducted on 120 samples from the Early Neolithic phase (ca. mid-6th millennium BC) along with microscopic and SEM analysis of associated foodcrusts. The results showed that the earliest phase of pottery use was predominantly used to process riverine resources. Many of the vessels have molecular and isotopic characteristics consistent with migratory fish, such as sturgeon, confirmed by the identification of sturgeon bony structures embedded in the charred surface deposits. There was no evidence of dairy products in any of the vessels, despite the fact these have been routinely identified in coeval sites to the south. Further analysis of some of the mammalian bones using ZooMS failed to demonstrate that domesticated animals were present in the Early Neolithic. Nevertheless, we argue that intensive exploitation of seasonally migratory fish, accompanied by large-scale pottery production, created storable surpluses that led to similar socio-economic outcomes as documented in early agricultural societies.
Management of Popillia japonica in container-grown nursery stock in Italy
Authors: Mori Nicola , Santoiemma Giacomo , Glazer Itamar , Gilioli Gianni , Ciampitti Mariangela , Cavagna Beniamino , Battisti Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is an invasive alien species recently introduced and established in Northern Italy. Adult beetles are very polyphagous and feed on vines, fruit trees, forest trees, crops, vegetables, ornamental and wild plant species. Eggs are usually laid by females in moist grassland in the summer, singly or in small clusters. Larvae feed on roots and may be transported in soil of plants for planting grown in containers. Restrictions on movement of plants grown in containers from infested to non-infested areas imposed by phytosanitary regulations have a significant economic impact on the nursery industry. An innovative approach was used to exclude beetle oviposition by weed mulching available for container-grown nursery stocks, and by testing larval survival to the application of chemical (cypermethrin) and organic (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Metarhizium brunneum) commercial pesticides registered for European nurseries. The high effectiveness of the method makes it a suitable component of a systems approach strategy for pest risk management, in order to achieve a safe production and trade of nursery plant material in areas infested by the Japanese beetle.
The Buddha’s Awakening
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA comparative study of early Buddhist textual accounts of the Buddha’s awakening helps to put into perspective the impression that these texts present competing theories of liberating insight and realization. Although the actual event of awakening would be a non-conceptual breakthrough to the experience of Nirvana, its ramifications can be expressed with the diagnostic scheme of four truths, as a way of conveying in words what in principle is beyond words.
Phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for phenol and cyanide elimination from synthetic/simulated wastewater
Authors: Singh Neetu , Balomajumder Chandrajit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater pollution is increasing due to urbanization and industrialization. Waste water pollution raised concern because of its influence on plants and humans. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is used for the removal of pollutants because of its phytoremediation efficiency. In this study, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been tested for simultaneous elimination of phenol and cyanide from mono and binary component aqueous solution in batch systems. The plant was grown at six concentrations of phenol and cyanide in the ratio of (10:1), i.e. 100:10, 200:20, 300:30, 500:50, 700:70 and 1000:100 mg/L in aqueous solution. The effect of process parameters such as initial concentration of phenol and cyanide and pH was evaluated. The plant was found capable of eliminating up to 96.42% of phenol (300 mg/L) and 92.66% of cyanide (30 mg/L) during the 13 days cultivation time at pH 8. The calculatedKmof the root length elongation for phenol was 5.20 mm and theVmaxwas 12.52 μg phenol/g root/h. However, the calculatedKmof the root length elongation for cyanide was 0.39 mm and theVmaxwas 14.99 μg cyanide/ g root/h. In theEichhornia crassipesplant, the biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll, protein and sugar content have been indicated a decreasing trend due to uptake of phenol and cyanide throughout cultivation. Toxicity to 100–1000 mg/L of phenol and 10–100 mg/L of cyanide was measured by measuring the relative transpiration over 13 days. At 100 mg/L of phenol and 10 mg/L of cyanide, only a small reduction in transpiration but no morphological changes were noticed. Both pollutants are absorbed through the root of theEichhornia crassipesplant by plasmalemma and become accumulated into the root cells and stem of a plant. Thus, this study will be beneficial for the decontamination of highly polluted waste water.
The child penalty: evidence from Spain
Authors: de Quinto Alicia , Hospido Laura , Sanz Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing data from social security records and an event study approach, we estimate the child penalty in Spain, looking at disparities for women and men across different labor outcomes following the birth of the first child. Our findings show that, the year after the first child is born, mothers’ annual earnings drop by 11% while men’s remain unchanged. The gender gap is even larger 10 years after birth. Our estimate of the long-run child penalty in earnings equals 28%, similar to those found for Denmark, Finland, Sweden or the USA. In addition, we identify channels that may drive this phenomenon, including reductions in working days and shifts to part-time or fixed-term contracts. Finally, we provide evidence of heterogeneous responses in earnings and labor market participation by educational level: college-educated women react to motherhood more on the intensive margin (working part-time), while non-college-educated women are relatively more likely to do so in the extensive margin (working fewer days).
In-Depth Analysis of OLAP Query Performance on Heterogeneous Hardware
Authors: Broneske David , Drewes Anna , Gurumurthy Bala , Hajjar Imad , Pionteck Thilo , Saake Gunter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClassical database systems are now facing the challenge of processing high-volume data feeds at unprecedented rates as efficiently as possible while also minimizing power consumption. Since CPU-only machines hit their limits, co-processors like GPUs and FPGAs are investigated by database system designers for their distinct capabilities. As a result, database systems over heterogeneous processing architectures are on the rise. In order to better understand their potentials and limitations, in-depth performance analyses are vital. This paper provides interesting performance data by benchmarking a portable operator set for column-based systems on CPU, GPU, and FPGA – all available processing devices within the same system. We consider TPC‑H query Q6 and additionally a hash join to profile the execution across the systems. We show that system memory access and/or buffer management remains the main bottleneck for device integration, and that architecture-specific execution engines and operators offer significantly higher performance.
An interplay between attraction and repulsion in infinite populations
Authors: Kozitsky Yuri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose and study a model describing an infinite population of point entities arriving in and departing from$$X=\mathbb {R}^d$$X=Rd,$$d\ge 1$$d≥1. The already existing entities force each other to leave the population (repulsion) and attract the newcomers. The evolution of the population states is obtained by solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Without interactions, the evolution preserves states in which the probability$$p(n,\Lambda )$$p(n,Λ)of findingnpoints in a compact vessel$$\Lambda \subset X$$Λ⊂Xobeys the Poisson law. As we show, for pure attraction the decay of$$p(n,\Lambda )$$p(n,Λ)with$$n\rightarrow +\infty $$n→+∞may be essentially slower. The main result is the statement that in the presence of repulsion—even of an arbitrary short range—the evolution preserves states in which the decay of$$p(n,\Lambda )$$p(n,Λ)is at most Poissonian. We also derive the corresponding kinetic equation, the numerical solutions of which can provide more detailed information on the interplay between attraction and repulsion. Further possibilities in studying the proposed model are also discussed.
The Uniformisation of the Equation $$z^w=w^z$$
Authors: Beardon A. F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe positive solutions of the equation $$x^y = y^x$$

x
y

=

y
x

have been discussed for over two centuries. Goldbach found a parametric form for the solutions, and later a connection was made with the classical Lambert function, which was also studied by Euler. Despite the attention given to the real equation $$x^y=y^x$$

x
y

=

y
x

, the complex equation $$z^w = w^z$$

z
w

=

w
z

has virtually been ignored in the literature. In this expository paper, we suggest that the problem should not be simply to parametrise the solutions of the equation, but to uniformize it. Explicitly, we construct a pair z(t) and w(t) of functions of a complex variable t that are holomorphic functions of t lying in some region D of the complex plane that satisfy the equation $$z(t)^{w(t)} = w(t)^{z(t)}$$

z

(
t
)

w
(
t
)

=
w

(
t
)

z
(
t
)

for t in D. Moreover, when t is positive these solutions agree with those of $$x^y=y^x$$

x
y

=

y
x

.
An investigation into intermittent electrification strategies and an analysis of resulting CO2 emissions using a high-fidelity train model
Authors: Abdurahman Bilal M. , Harrison Tim , Ward Christopher P. , Midgley William J. B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA near-term strategy to reduce emissions from rail vehicles, as a path to full electrification for maximal decarbonisation, is to partially electrify a route, with the remainder of the route requiring an additional self-powered traction option. These rail vehicles are usually powered by a diesel engine when not operating on electrified track and are referred to as bi-mode vehicles. This paper analyses the benefits of discontinuous electrification compared to continuous electrification using the CO2 estimates from a validated high-fidelity bi-mode (diesel-electric) rail vehicle model. This analysis shows that 50% discontinuous electrification provides a maximum of 54% reduction in operational CO2 emissions when compared to the same length of continuously electrified track. The highest emissions savings occurred when leaving train stations where vehicles must accelerate quickly to line speed. These results were used to develop a linear regression model for fast estimation of CO2 emissions from diesel running and electrification benefits. This model was able to estimate the CO2 emissions from a route to within 10% of that given by the high-fidelity model. Finally, additional considerations such as cost and the embodied CO2 in electrification infrastructure were analysed to provide a comparison between continuous and discontinuous electrification. Discontinuous electrification can cost up to 56% less per reduction in lifetime emissions than continuous electrification and can save up to 2.3 times more lifetime CO2 per distance electrified.
Oral hygiene and health-related quality of life in institutionalized older people
Authors: Saarela Riitta K. T. , Hiltunen Kaija , Kautiainen Hannu , Roitto Hanna-Maria , Mäntylä Päivi , Pitkälä Kaisu H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the level of oral hygiene and its association with oral health status and need for oral treatment among older residents in long-term care facilities. In addition, the association between oral hygiene level and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was explored.

Methods
This cross-sectional study assessed 231 dentate residents in long-term care facilities (71% female, mean age 81 years, 70% had dementia). Nurses assessed residents and completed questionnaires on participants’ background information, diagnoses, oral healthcare habits, and HRQoL with the 15D instrument. Two qualified dentists performed clinical oral examinations (number of teeth, plaque index, periodontal condition, open caries lesions, and dry mouth). We used a modified plaque index (PI) to measure the level of oral hygiene (good, moderate, and poor) and calculated the clinical Asymptotic Dental Score (ADS) to determine the oral inflammation burden.

Results
Of the residents, 21% had good, 35% moderate, and 44% poor oral hygiene according to PI. Poor oral hygiene was associated with poorer cognitive status (P = 0.010) and higher oral inflammation burden (P < 0.001). Moreover, poor oral hygiene was associated with poorer HRQoL in a correlation analysis adjusted for age and gender.

Conclusions
Oral hygiene of older individuals in long-term care is insufficient. Poor oral hygiene is a marker for poor HRQoL. Residents also have a high burden of oral inflammatory diseases and a need for dental care. Older residents’ oral hygiene and HRQoL may be improved with oral care education of caregivers and regular dental check-ups.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response
Authors: Wang Meng , Tafti Negar D. , Wang Jim J. , Wang Xudong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that silicon (Si) dissolution from biochar may be influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. In addition, the enhancement of biochar by treatment with alkali has been proposed to produce a Si source that can be used for environmentally friendly plant disease control. In this study, biochars from rice straw and rice husk pretreated with KOH, CaO and K2CO3and then pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C were prepared to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on Si release and plant uptake from alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar. Extractable Si and dissolution Si from the prepared biochars were assessed by different short-term chemical methods and long-term (30-day) release in dilute acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, along with a rice potting experiment in greenhouse. For both rice straw- and husk-derived alkali-enhanced biochars (RS-10KB and HS-10K2B, respectively), increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 550 °C generally had the highest extractable Si and increased Si content extracted by 5-day sodium carbonate and ammonium nitrate (5dSCAN) designated for fertilizer Si by 61–142%, whereas non-enhanced biochars had more extractable Si at 350 °C. The alkali-enhanced biochars produced at 550 °C pyrolysis temperature also released 82–172% and 27–79% more Si than that of 350 °C produced biochar in unbuffered weak acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, over 30 days. In addition, alkali-enhanced biochars, especially that derived from rice husk at 550 °C facilitated 6–21% greater Si uptake by rice and 44–101% higher rice grain yields than lower temperature biochars, non-enhanced biochars, or conventional Si fertilizers (wollastonite and silicate calcium slag). Overall, this study demonstrated that 550 °C is more efficient than lower pyrolysis temperature for preparing alkali-enhanced biochar to improve Si release for plant growth.
The ethics of interaction with neurorobotic agents: a case study with BabyX
Authors: Knott Alistair , Sagar Mark , Takac Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs AI advances, models of simulated humans are becoming increasingly realistic. A new debate has arisen about the ethics of interacting with these realistic agents—and in particular, whether any harms arise from ‘mistreatment’ of such agents. In this paper, we advance this debate by discussing a model we have developed (‘BabyX’), which simulates a human infant. The model produces realistic behaviours—and it does so using a schematic model of certain human brain mechanisms. We first consider harms that may arise due to effectson the user—in particular effects on the user’s behaviour towards real babies. We then consider whether there’s any need to consider harms from the ‘perspective’of the simulated baby. The first topic raises practical ethical questions, many of which are empirical in nature. We argue the potential for harm is real enough to warrant restrictions on the use of BabyX. The second topic raises a very different set of questions in the philosophy of mind. Here, we argue that BabyX’s biologically inspired model of emotions raises important moral questions, and places BabyX in a different category from avatars whose emotional behaviours are ‘faked’ by simple rules. This argument counters John Danaher’s recently proposed ‘moral behaviourism’. We conclude that the developers of simulated humans have useful contributions to make to debates about moral patiency—and also have certain new responsibilities in relation to the simulations they build.
Surgical site infection metrics: Dissecting the differences between the National Health and Safety Network and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Christensen Alaia M. M. , Dowler Karen , Doron Shira 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with readmissions, reoperations, increased cost of care, and overall morbidity and mortality risk. The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) have developed an array of metrics to monitor hospital-acquired complications. The only metric collected by both is SSI, but performance as benchmarked against peer hospitals is often discordant between the 2 systems. In this commentary, we outline the differences between these 2 surveillance systems as they relate to this potential for discordance.
Hospital Surge Preparedness and Response Index
Authors: Thomasian Nicole M. , Madad Syra , Hick John L. , Ranney Megan L. , Biddinger Paul D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Hospital Surge Preparedness and Response Index is an all-hazards template developed by a group of emergency management and disaster medicine experts from the United States. The objective of the Hospital Surge Preparedness and Response Index is to improve planning by linking action items to institutional triggers across the surge capacity continuum. This responder tool is a non-exhaustive, high-level template: administrators should tailor these elements to their individual institutional protocols and constraints for optimal efficiency. The Hospital Surge Preparedness and Response Index can be used to provide administrators with a snapshot of their facility’s current service capacity in order to promote efficiency and situational awareness both internally and among regional partners.
Scientific Ontology: Fact or Stance?
Authors: Psillos Stathis 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the key tenets of Anjan Chakravartty's book Scientific Ontology are critically discussed. After a brief presentation of the project of stance-based ontology (Section 2), I move on to criticize Chakravartty's account of metaphysical inference (Sections 2 and 3). Then, in Section 4, I take issue with Chakravartty's view that fundamental debates in metaphysics inevitably lead to irresolvable disagreement, while in Section 5, the concept of epistemic stance is scrutinized, noting that there are problems in Chakravartty's account of the rationality of stance-choice. Finally, Section 6 is about the implications of stance-based ontology for the scientific realism debate.
Small-Business Survival Capabilities and Fiscal Programs: Evidence from Oakland
Authors: Bartlett Robert P. , Morse Adair 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing City of Oakland data during COVID-19, we document that small-business components of survival capabilities (i.e., revenue resiliency, labor flexibility, and committed costs) vary by firm size. Nonemployer businesses rely on low-cost structures to survive. Microbusinesses (1–5 employees) depend on 14% greater revenue resiliency. Enterprises (6–50 employees) use labor flexibility to survive but face 10%–20% higher residual closure risk from committed costs. The evidence argues for size targeting of financial support programs, including committed costs and revenue-based lending programs. Supporting the capabilities mapping, we find that the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) increased medium-run survival probability by 20.5% specifically for microbusinesses.