bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of serum immunoglobulin G4 in glucocorticoid therapy of Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Li Yaling , Luo Ban , Zhang Jing , Zhou Xinrong , Shao Shiying , Xu Weijie , Yang Yan , Yuan Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious study suggested IgG4 levels were associated with the development of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). The aims of the present study were to investigate the role of IgG4 levels in glucocorticoid (GC) treatment in GO patients.Design69 GO patients were enrolled. Serum thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies, IgG, IgG4, ophthalmological examinations and orbital MRI were performed. Furthermore, the clinical outcomes (a composite response endpoint including the clinical activity score (CAS), proptosis, vision, intraocular pressure, diplopia and lid width) after high‐dose intravenous GC treatment in 32 active moderate‐to‐severe GO patients were compared.Patients69 consecutive patients with GO were asked to participate in the study. 32 of 69 GO patients were treated with high‐dose intravenous GCs.MeasurementsMeasurement of serum IgG and IgG4, serum thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies. An overall ophthalmic assessment was performed pretherapy (week 0) and post‐therapy (week 12).Results33.3% of GO patients (23/69) had elevated IgG4 levels. IgG4 levels were positively correlated with the severity and activity of GO. After GC therapy, IgG4, IgG4/IgG, vision and CAS were significantly improved in GO patients. Patients with high IgG4 levels had a significantly reduced extraocular muscle area (EOMs) and better clinical outcomes than patients with normal IgG4 levels.ConclusionsOur results suggest a possible subgroup of elevated IgG4 GO patients, with more severe ophthalmopathy and better response to GCs treatment compare with normal IgG4 GO patients.
Featured Cover
Authors: Rezaei Maryam , Suresh Beena , Bereke Eric , Hadipour Zahra , Aguinaga Monic , Qian Jianhua , Bagga Rashmi , Fardaei Majid , Hemida Reda , Jagadeesh Sujatha , Majewski Jacek , Slim Rima 
Published: May 2021

The cover image is based on the Short Report Novel pathogenic variants in NLRP7, NLRP5, and PADI6 in patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles and reproductive failure by Maryam Rezaei et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13941.
image
Epidemiology of urticaria in German children
Authors: Staubach Petra , Mann Caroline , Peveling‐ Oberhag Adriane , Lang Berenice M. , Augustin Matthias , Hagenström Kristina , Garbe Claudia , Petersen Jana 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundTo date, robust epidemiological metrics as well as data on comorbidity in pediatric urticaria are lacking. They form the basis for the design of efficient healthcare.MethodsRetrospective study to analyze epidemiological data in pediatric urticaria. The analysis is based on routine data of a health insurance company operating throughout Germany (DAK‐Gesundheit). Insured people under 18 years of age who received at least one confirmed outpatient or inpatient urticaria diagnosis according to the ICD‐10 classification in the years 2010 to 2015 were included in the analysis and compared to children without a corresponding diagnosis.ResultsOf 2.3 million insured individuals, 313,581 (13.5 %) were under 18 years of age (153,214 female). Urticaria was diagnosed in 1.7 % of the 313,581 patients. The prevalence of urticaria decreased with age from 3.0 % in the 0–3‐year age group to 1.0 % in the 14–18‐year age group. Boys and girls were almost equally affected in all age groups. Atopic diseases as comorbidity occurred more frequently in children with urticaria than in the control group (16.0 % vs. 8.0 %). Autoimmune diseases, mental health problems, and obesity also occurred more frequently in children with urticaria than in the control group.ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of specific comorbidities in children with urticaria suggests an increased need for screening. Multimodal treatment strategies need to be developed and interdisciplinary collaboration promoted.
The (new) occupational disease no. 5101: “Severe or recurrent skin diseases”
Authors: Herloch Valeska , Elsner Peter 
Published: May 2021

SummaryOccupational dermatoses are among the most common occupational diseases, with BK 5101 accounting for the largest proportion. Historically, the latter was also the most frequently reported group of occupational diseases within the working age population. More than 80,000 suspected cases of occupational diseases were notified in 2019, of which 19,883 related to BK 5101. In Germany, work‐related hand eczema accounts for 90 % of all BK 5101 diseases, and consists mainly of contact eczema. Especially young people working in the hairdressing sector, health care, metal, food or construction industries belong to the high‐risk group. Diagnosis, therapy and prevention of BK 5101 play an important role, since advanced skin diseases are usually accompanied by a poor prognosis and long periods of inability to work, which can have considerable socio‐economic consequences. On January 1st, 2021, with the “Seventh Act amending the Fourth Book of the German Social Code (SGB) and other Laws”, an amendment to the Occupational Diseases Law came into force, with which the obligation to cease work was abolished, thereby fulfilling a decades‐long requirement for recognition of BK 5101. As of this year, only the “severe or repeated recurrences” of a skin disease remain as a criterion for the occurrence of an insured event, which will likely result in an increased number of notifications and acknowledged cases of occupational skin diseases.
Non‐stationary drivers on fish sampling efforts in Brazilian freshwaters
Authors: de Almeida Thatyane Caetano , Tessarolo Geiziane , Nabout João Carlos , Teresa Fabrício Barreto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimClosing knowledge gaps in species taxonomy and distribution (i.e. Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls, respectively) require spatially distributed high‐quality data. However, studies on terrestrial taxa have shown that occurrence data are biased owing to higher sampling efforts towards areas with greater accessibility, research infrastructure and attractiveness. Here, we tested whether these biasing factors are also important drivers of freshwater fish species research by assessing fishes’ sampling efforts in Brazil, a continental‐sized and megadiverse country. We hypothesized that the influence of biasing factors is scale‐dependent, with differential effects across regions, that is that they present non‐stationarity.LocationBrazil.MethodsWe modelled sampling events of fish (gathered from online databases) as a function of accessibility (population density, distance from access routes and density of access routes), availability of research infrastructure (distance from research centres) and attractiveness of protected areas (distance from protected areas), by using a traditional stationary model (ordinary least square models—OLS) and a model taking into account non‐stationarity (geographically weighted regression—GWR).ResultsWe recorded 43,538 sampling events distributed across Brazil. Freshwater fish samplings were spatially biased with a tendency for major efforts to be concentrated in sites with a higher density of access routes, population and nearness to research centres and protected areas. However, GWR models performed better than the OLS model, revealing the non‐stationarity of the effects of predictors in explaining the number of sampling events.Main conclusionsOvercoming Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls for freshwater fish species in megadiverse regions such as Brazil can be aided by financially supporting the sampling efforts in less accessible and less populated sites farther from research centres and well‐studied protected areas. However, the source of biasing has strong scale dependency, so that reducing a specific source of bias is not expected to have the same effectiveness in all areas.
Long‐term trajectory of acquired demyelinating syndrome and multiple sclerosis in children
Authors: Eusebi Anna , Zara Pietro , Zarbo Ignazio Roberto , Festa Silvia , Dessì Veronica , Pes Valentina , Salis Francesca , Sotgiu Giovanni , Carta Alessandra , Sotgiu Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AimWe assessed the frequency, characteristics, and future trajectory of monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) associated with conversion to paediatric multiple sclerosis.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study of Sardinian children (<18y of age) with onset of ADS between 2001 and 2018.ResultsWe identified 44 children with ADS (21 males, 23 females; median age at onset 16y, range 4mo–18y), 21 of whom were already presenting with criteria for paediatric multiple sclerosis. The mean crude prevalence of ADS in Sardinian children was 59.2 per 100 000, while incidence was 3.1 per 100 000 per year (1.3 in children aged ≤10y and 11.9 in those aged 10–17y). After a mean (SD) follow‐up of 8 years 5 months (5y 4mo), the most common (n=32) trajectory was conversion to paediatric multiple sclerosis. At onset, the total prevalence and mean annual incidence of paediatric multiple sclerosis were 35.6 per 100 000 and 2.3 per 100 000 respectively (0.5 in individuals aged ≤10y, 10.0 in the older group).InterpretationSardinia is a very high risk area for ADS in children. Nearly half of this population can already be diagnosed with paediatric multiple sclerosis at onset. Overall, 72% of those with ADS will have paediatric multiple sclerosis after a mean of 8 years.
What this paper adds

Sardinia is a very high risk area for paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS).

A high proportion of those with paediatric multiple sclerosis are diagnosed at onset of ADS.

After an average 8 years from onset of paediatric ADS, three‐quarters of patients are diagnosed with paediatric multiple sclerosis.
Impacts of land use and cropland management on soil organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions in theBrazilian Cerrado
Authors: Siqueira‐Neto Marcos , Popin Gustavo Vicentini , Piccolo Marisa C. , Corbeels Marc , Scopel Eric , Camargo Plínio B. , Bernoux Martial 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Brazilian Cerrado is a large and expanding agricultural frontier, representing a hotspot of land‐use change (LUC) from natural vegetation to farmland. It is known that this type of LUC impacts soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, particularly labile carbon (C) pools (living and non‐living), decreasing soil health and agricultural sustainability, as well as increasing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and accelerating global climate change. In this study, we quantified the changes in the quantity and quality of SOM and GHG fluxes due to changes in land use and cropland management in the Brazilian Cerrado. The land uses studied were native vegetation (NV), pasture (PA) and four croplands, including the following management types: conventional tillage with a single soybean crop (CT), and three no‐tillage systems with two crops cultivated in the same year (i.e., soybean/sorghum (NTSSo), soybean/millet (NTSMi) and maize/sorghum (NTMSo)). Soil and gases were sampled in the rainy season (November, December and January) and dry season (May, July and September). The highest soil C and nitrogen (N) stocks (6.7 kg C m−2and 0.5 kg N m−2, 0–0.3‐m layer) were found under NV. LUC reduced C stocks by 25% in the CT and by 10% in the PA and NT. Soil N stocks were 30% lower in the PA and NTMSoand 15% lower in the croplands with soybean compared to NV. δ13C values clearly distinguished between the C‐origin from NV (−25‰) and that from other land uses (−16‰). Soil (0–0.1 m) under NV also presented higher labile‐C (625 g C m−2), microbial‐C (70 g C m−2) and microbial‐N (5.5 g N m−2), whereas other land uses presented values three times lower. GHG emissions (expressed as C‐equivalent) were highest in the NV (1.2 kg m−2year−1), PA (1.3 kg m−2year−1) and NTMSo(0.9 kg m−2year−1) and were positively related to the higher SOM turnover in these systems. Our results suggest that in order to maintain SOM, it is necessary to adopt “best” management practices, that provide large plant residue inputs (above‐ and belowground). This can be seen as a pathway to achieving high food production with low GHG emissions.
Dynamic changes in soil erosion risk and its driving mechanism: A case study in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xia Lu , Bi Rutian , Song Xiaoyu , Lv Chunjuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Loess Plateau has long been considered as a very fragile area that suffers from serious water erosion. With the onset of global climate fluctuations and regional implementation of soil and water conservation measures, it is of great significance to effectively reveal the variations in soil erosion risk and its driving mechanism on the Loess Plateau. Taking the Yanwachuan watershed as a case study and using rainfall, soil, digital elevation model (DEM) and land‐use data, this study applied the Revised Universal Soil loss Equation (RUSLE) model with geographic information system (GIS) technology to analyse the temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion risk and to evaluate the effects of land‐use change and climate change on soil erosion from 1981 to 2016. Future soil erosion risk was also assessed under different land‐use and climate‐change scenarios. Results showed that annual soil loss in the Yanwachuan watershed presented a significant decreasing trend with a rate of 47.928 t km−2 a−1 and that average annual soil loss was 3,543.7 t km−2 from 1981 to 2016. However, some areas, even with good vegetation cover, still had a rather high soil erosion risk (exceeding the severe erosion rate of 5,000 t km−2 in 2000–2016) if located in hilly and gully slope regions. Land‐use change and climate variation contributed 37.2% and 62.8%, respectively, to reducing soil erosion, showing that climate variation played a leading role in current soil‐erosion reduction. In addition, the average soil losses in the 2020s, 2030s and 2040s under different scenarios are predicted to increase by 8.6–42.6% compared with the average soil loss (2,993.8 t km−2) in 2001–2016. Future climate change may be the main driving factor in enhancing the risk of soil erosion. Hence, there is an urgent need to strengthen soil and water conservation research and management in future years.Highlights
This study assessed current and future water erosion risk on the Loess Plateau using the RUSLE model.
Areas with steep slopes were still experiencing serious soil erosion risk in 2000–2016.
Climate change was the main driving factor for soil erosion variation.
Future erosion risk is expected to increase under different climate and land‐use scenarios.
Mortality and AIDS‐defining events among young people following transition from paediatric to adult HIV care in the UK
Authors: Asad H , Collins IJ , Goodall RL , Crichton S , Hill T , Doerholt K , Foster C , Lyall H , Post FA , Welch S , Winston A , Sabin CA , Judd A ,   the Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) Steering Committee, the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Study Steering Committee
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate risk of AIDS and mortality after transition from paediatric to adult care in a UK cohort of young people with perinatally acquired HIV.MethodsRecords of people aged ≥ 13 years on 31 December 2015 in the UK paediatric HIV cohort (Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study) were linked to those of adults in the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) cohort. We calculated time from transition to a new AIDS event/death, with follow‐up censored at the last visit or 31 December 2015, whichever was the earliest. Cumulative incidence of and risk factors for AIDS/mortality were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression.ResultsAt the final paediatric visit, the 474 participants [51% female, 80% black, 60% born outside the UK, median (interquartile range) age at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation = 9 (5–13) years] had a median age of 18 (17–19) years and CD4 count of 471 (280–663) cell/μL; 89% were prescribed ART and 60% overall had a viral load ≤ 400 copies/mL. Over median follow‐up in adult care of 3 (2–6) years, 35 (8%) experienced a new AIDS event (n = 25) or death (n = 14) (incidence = 1.8/100 person‐years). In multivariable analyses, lower CD4 count at the last paediatric visit [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.7–1.0)/100 cells/μL increment] and AIDS diagnosis in paediatric care [2.7 (1.4–5.5)] were associated with a new AIDS event/mortality in adult care.ConclusionsYoung people with perinatally acquired HIV transitioning to adult care with markers of disease progression in paediatric care experienced poorer outcomes in adult care. Increased investment in multidisciplinary specialized services is required to support this population at high risk of morbidity and mortality.
Assessing the patient undergoing pelvic rehabilitation for urinary incontinence: From theory to practice
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Federica Arianna , Ferrara Paolo , Mora Cristina , Wallace Eva , Destrebecq Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUrinary incontinence is linked to pelvic floor dysfunction; the delicate balance between bones, muscles, tendons, and nerves is fundamental for continence and can be altered for numerous reasons, also linked to anatomical areas other than the pelvis. The assessment of the patient is at the basis of treatment choices; the literature reports the need to assess the patient's postural, respiratory, muscular and neurological components. To date, however, there are no studies that provide the nurse with a compendium of evidence in the form of a practical guide to assessment. To present literature evidence regarding the assessment of patients with urinary incontinence, undergoing pelvic conservative rehabilitation and to discuss the practical implications. This evaluation refers to the first contact with the patient and aims to understand how to set up the rehabilitation pathway and whether specific investigations or consultations are needed before starting rehabilitation. Narrative reviews of the literature on the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro database. We included studies published in the last 10 years, with no design restrictions, on the topic of assessment criteria for patients with urinary incontinence undergoing pelvic floor conservation rehabilitation, with regard to the role of the nurse. Thirty‐two references were retrieved including two systematic reviews. Assessment should focus on physical activity, bowel habits, spine and posture, nutrition and food habits, breathing and clinical history. Physical examination is aimed at (1) collecting data for establishing the correct rehabilitation programme and (2) excluding the need for evaluation/intervention by other healthcare professionals. Nurses play a key role in pelvic rehabilitation teams. Assessment and decision making about rehabilitation methods are complex tasks which require specialistic education. This paper summarizes the key points of both areas. Conservative rehabilitation of urinary incontinence requires a complex assessment in order to correctly set up the rehabilitation pathway. Aspects to be assessed include muscular, postural, respiratory, neurological and medical history. There are no works in the literature offering a compendium of the information to be considered. A complete overview of the evaluation phases and their characteristics including a practical description of the nursing assessment of the patient undergoing pelvic rehabilitation for urinary incontinence.
Patients’ experiences of place and space after a relocation to evidence‐based designed forensic psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Olausson Sepideh , Wijk Helle , Johansson Berglund Inger , Pihlgren Anneli , Danielson Ella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractForensic hospitals provide care for incarcerated patients who have committed a crime under the influence of serious mental illness. The care and (re)habilitation of the target group require highly competent staff and treatment strategies as well as purpose‐built facilities that promote successful recovery. The aim of this study was to examine patients’ experiences of place and space in new, purpose‐built, evidence‐based designed forensic psychiatric facilities in terms of supporting everydayness. A qualitative methodology was chosen. In total, 19 patients agreed to participate. Data were collected through photovoice (a combination of photographs and interviews) at three forensic hospitals, according to an evidence‐based design and the concept of person‐centred care in Sweden. The data were analysed through thematic content analysis. Four themes emerged from the data, revealing the patients’ experiences of the new buildings: (i) having a private place, (ii) upholding one’s sense of self, (iii) feelings of comfort and harmony, and (iv) remaining connected to one’s life. The findings reveal that purpose‐built environments can support everyday living and well‐being and can create comfort. This is considered highly therapeutic by the patients. In conclusion, the findings of this study are of imperative importance in the design of health‐promoting forensic hospitals.
Effects of loading and prophylactic dressings on the sacral and heel skin: An exploratory cross‐over trial
Authors: Lichterfeld‐Kottner Andrea , Vogt Annika , Tomova‐Simitchieva Tsenka , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Kottner Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPressure ulcers/injuries are caused by sustained loading and deformation of skin and underlying soft tissues. Prophylactic dressings are recommended as an adjunct to other preventive measures such as repositioning and offloading. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prophylactic soft silicone multi‐layered foam dressings on the skin structure and function of the two most common pressure areas, sacrum and heel, with and without loading. An exploratory randomised cross‐over trial using intra‐individual comparisons was conducted. Eight healthy volunteers (mean age 27.5 years) were assigned to three groups and either spent 2.5 hours on a standard hospital mattress lying in supine position with and without dressings or spent 2.5 hours with dressings applied but without loading. Skin temperature, stratum corneum, and epidermal hydration increased in all groups irrespective of wearing a dressing and/or loading. Mean roughness decreased at the heels. Reactive hyperaemia and the release of interleukin 1 alpha were associated with loading only. Results suggest that the occlusive effects of dressings are similar or only slightly greater than those observed with non‐loading or loading without dressings. Thus, a dressing does not cause additional irritation or skin changes during loading but it may reduce the inflammatory response.