bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment toxicity data and excess simultaneously extracted metals from field-collected samples: Comparison to United States Environmental Protection Agency benchmarks
Authors: DeForest David K. , Toll John E. , Judd Nancy L. , Shaw Amy , McPeek Kate , Tobiason Karen , Santore Robert C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Procedures for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Metal Mixtures are based on the principle that metals toxicity to benthic organisms is determined by bioavailable metals concentrations in porewater. One ESB is based on the difference between simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations in sediment (excess SEM). The excess SEM ESBs include a lower uncertainty bound, below which most samples (95%) are expected to be “nontoxic” (defined as a bioassay mortality rate ≤24%), and an upper uncertainty bound, above which most samples (95%) are expected to be “toxic” (defined as a mortality rate &gt;24%). Samples that fall between the upper and lower bounds are classified as “uncertain.” Excess SEM ESBs can, in principle, be improved by normalizing for organic carbon (OC). OC is a binding phase that reduces metals bioavailability. OC normalization should improve the accuracy of bioavailable metal concentration estimates, thus tightening uncertainty bounds. We evaluated field-collected sediments from 13 studies with excess SEM, OC, and bioassay data (n = 740). Use of the OC-normalized excess SEM benchmarks did not improve prediction accuracy. The ESB model predicts OC-normalized excess SEM exceeding the upper benchmark even when toxicity is not observed, because error in the OC normalization model increases at low OC concentrations. To minimize the likelihood of incorrectly identifying nontoxic samples as toxic, we recommend that OC normalization of excess SEM should not be considered for sediments with an OC concentration &lt;1% and is questionable for sediments with an OC concentration of 1%–4%. Additional focused studies are needed to confirm or refine the minimum sediment OC concentrations that are applicable for reducing uncertainty in toxicity predictions due to excess SEM. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:174–186. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
One of the US Environmental Protection Agency's equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark approaches for metals is based on the molar difference between acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metal (SEM), which is referred to as excess SEM. Organic carbon (OC) normalization of excess SEM is intended to reduce uncertainty in toxicity predictions by considering a binding phase, in addition to AVS, that reduces metal bioavailability. Based on a synthesis of bioassay and chemistry data from field-collected samples, we argue that the theory behind OC normalization breaks down at low OC concentrations and that OC normalization should not be applied in sediments with OC &lt;1% and is questionable in sediment with OC between 1% and 4%.
Maclurin exerts anti‐cancer effects in human osteosarcoma cells via prooxidative activity and modulations ofPARP, p38, andERKsignaling
Authors: Lee Yu Jin , Lee Sang Yeol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaclurin [(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐(2,4,6‐trihydroxyphenyl) methanone] is a natural compound that can be extracted from white mulberry(Morus alba)and purple mangosteen(Garcinia mangostana). Maclurin is known for its dual‐sided effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of the bone and is one of the most aggressive cancers. It is common especially in children and young adults and can progress into highly metastatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti‐cancer effects of maclurin on U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. The results indicated that maclurin exerts prooxidative effects and induces apoptosis via capase‐3‐independent PARP regulation in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. Maclurin also inhibits the migration of U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. Maclurin modulates two of the three major mitogen‐activated protein kinases that are closely linked with cancer metastasis; that is, it activates p38 and inactivates Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. The apoptosis‐inducing effects of maclurin on U2OS osteosarcoma cells were diminished by additional treatment with antioxidantN‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), but the migration‐inhibiting effect was not affected by NAC treatment. This further suggested the only apoptosis‐inducing effect of maclurin may be strongly related to its prooxidative activity. Taken together, these results suggested that maclurin may be a strong candidate molecule as an anti‐osteosarcoma agent.
No‐arbitrage priors, drifting volatilities, and the term structure of interest rates
Authors: Carriero Andrea , Clark Todd E. , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe use a Bayesian vector autoregression with stochastic volatility to forecast government bond yields. We form the conjugate prior from a no‐arbitrage affine term structure model. The model improves on the accuracy of point and density forecasts from a no‐change random walk and an affine term structure model with stochastic volatility. Our proposed approach may succeed by relaxing the no‐arbitrage affine term structure model's requirements that yields obey a factor structure and that the factors follow a Markov process. In the term structure model, its cross‐equation no‐arbitrage restrictions on the factor loadings appear to play a marginal role in forecasting gains.
Oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis is involved in bisphenol S‐induced reproductive toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Dai Wei , He Qing‐zhi , Zhu Bi‐qi , Zeng Huai‐cai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reproductive toxicity of bisphenol S (BPS) in male mammals and its possible mechanism are not clear. We investigated the effects and possible mechanism of action of BPS on adult male C57BL/6 mice. We found that exposure to 200‐mg/kg BPS resulted in a significant decrease in the sperm count in the caput/corpus and cauda epididymis, significantly decreased sperm motility, and significantly increased the sperm deformity. Histological evaluation revealed that BPS exposure caused a decrease of spermatozoa in the lumen of seminiferous tubules and a reduction in the proportion of Stage VII or VIII seminiferous tubules in the BPS‐treated groups. Furthermore, ultrastructure analysis revealed BPS‐induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Moreover, BPS exposure‐induced oxidative stress in testicular tissues. Further, dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that BPS induced the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in a dose‐dependent manner. BPS also significantly upregulated cleaved caspase‐8, cleaved caspase‐9, cleaved caspase‐3, Fas, and FasL and significantly downregulated the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. These results suggest that BPS‐induced oxidative stress in the testis and spermatogenic cell apoptosis potentially impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function, which may be the mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of BPS. The Fas/FasL and mitochondrial signal pathways may be involved in BPS‐induced oxidative stress‐related apoptosis. These results suggest that BPS‐induced oxidative stress in the testis and spermatogenic cell apoptosis potentially impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function, which may be the mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of BPS. The Fas/FasL and mitochondrial signal pathways may be involved in BPS‐induced oxidative stress‐related apoptosis.
Importance of some factors on the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction
Authors: Akkoç Senem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review was designed to give an overview of the significant parameters in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling (SMC) reactions, which are a powerful tool for the formation of the carbon–carbon (CC) bond. Since the SMC reaction depends on factors such as solvent, base, temperature, time, catalyst amount, substituent in aryl halides, and molar ratios of the substrates, all these parameters should be screened for a successful SMC reaction. After finding the optimum reaction conditions, the SMC reaction's products of boronic acid derivatives with aryl halides can be obtained in high yields.
Narrating ambiguous loss: Deficiencies in narrative processing and negative appraisal of consequences
Authors: Huang Manxia , Habermas Tilmann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare narrative coping with physical and psychological ambiguous loss (AL) and definite loss in terms of distancing (vs. narrative immersion), meaning‐making, and subjective biographical consequences.MethodsThirty adults who had lost a parent to death, to going missing, or to Alzheimer disease (N = 90, 67 females; mean age 36.73 years, SD = 7.27; mean time since loss 9.0 years) narrated two loss‐related and three control memories.ResultsIndividuals with AL were not more immersed in the loss experience, but less successful in finding meaning and in evaluating the loss and its consequences positively compared to those with a definite loss. These group differences were not due to differences in depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and protracted grief.ConclusionsAmbiguity of loss renders meaning‐making and coherently narrating loss more difficult, leading to more negative affect, suggesting interventions that help narrating loss coherently in a self‐accepting way.
Identifying a typology of homelessness based on self‐sufficiency: Implications for rapid re‐housing interventions
Authors: Lei Quinmill , Brown Molly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLimited research exists on the characteristics of individuals experiencing homelessness who achieve positive housing outcomes in rapid re‐housing (RRH) interventions. We aimed to identify a typology of homelessness based on Self‐Sufficiency Matrix (SSM) domains and examine its relation to sociodemographic characteristics and housing placement through RRH. Homeless Management Information System data, including sociodemographics, SSM domains, and housing outcomes, were obtained for 261 Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re‐housing Program participants in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 2009 to 2012. Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent class regression (LCR) were used to identify subgroups and predict associations between the identified typology and sociodemographic variables and housing placement outcome, respectively. LCA revealed three classes based on SSM domains: “High Self‐Sufficiency,” “Low Socioeconomic Self‐Sufficiency,” and “Low Psychosocial Self‐Sufficiency.” LCR revealed that race significantly predicted class membership such that Black individuals had a significantly higher probability of being in the High Self‐Sufficiency class than the other two classes. Latent class membership significantly predicted immediate housing placement. The Low Psychosocial Self‐Sufficiency group was the least likely to exit RRH to a permanent housing placement compared to the two other subgroups. Results affirm that individuals with greater psychosocial self‐sufficiency have better housing outcomes through RRH than those with more complex support needs. Future research is needed to understand factors influencing differential self‐sufficiency, as measured by the SSM, among Black and White individuals.
Analysis of microbial community, physiochemical indices, and volatile compounds of Chinese te‐flavor baijiu daqu produced in different seasons
Authors: Fu Gui‐Ming , Deng Meng‐Fei , Chen Yan , Chen Yan‐Ru , Wu Sheng‐Wen , Lin Pei , Huang Bing‐Jing , Liu Cheng‐Mei , Wan Yin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDChinese te‐flavor baijiu (CTF), the most famous Chinese baijiu in Jiangxi province, China, is made from a unique daqu. Its characteristic style is closely related to the daqu used for fermentation. However, current studies on the effects of different production seasons on microbial communities, physicochemical indices, and volatile compounds in CTF daqu are very rare.RESULTSThe relationships of microbial communities, physicochemical indices, and volatile compounds in CTF daqu produced in summer (July and August) and autumn (September and October) were studied. The results of Illumina MiSeq sequencing indicated that there was greater bacterial diversity in the CTF daqu‐7 (produced in July) and CTF daqu‐8 (produced in August) and greater fungal diversity in the CTF daqu‐9 (produced in September) and CTF daqu‐10 (produced in October). The physicochemical indices of CTF daqu produced in different seasons were significantly different. It was determined that CTF daqu‐9 had the highest esterification and liquefaction abilities. A total of 44 volatile compounds, including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones were identified in CTF daqu produced during different seasons. Among them, CTF daqu‐9 had the greatest alcohol content.CONCLUSIONSeptember (early autumn) is the best production period for CTF daqu. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the standardized and uniform production of Chinese baijiu. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
miRNA‐10a‐5p inhibits cell metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting SKA1
Authors: Shen Duo , Zhao Hong‐Yu , Gu Ai‐Dong , Wu Yin‐Wei , Weng Yu‐Hang , Li Shu‐Jie , Song Jin‐Yun , Gu Xue‐Feng , Qiu Jie , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of miR‐10a‐5p in the progression of HCC remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of miR‐10a‐5p in the development of HCC and the possible molecular mechanism. miR‐10a‐5p expression in HCC tissues and plasma from patients was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Migratory changes in HCC cells were detected after the overexpression of miR‐10a‐5p. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins were detected by Western blot. Finally, through luciferase assay and rescue experiments, the mechanism by which miR‐10a‐5p regulates its downstream gene, human spindle and kinetochore‐associated complex subunit 1, SKA1 and the interaction between these molecules in the development of HCC were determined. The expression of miR‐10a‐5p was markedly downregulated in HCC tissues, cell lines, and plasma. The overexpression of miR‐10a‐5p significantly inhibited the migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells. Furthermore, SKA1 was shown to be a downstream gene of miR‐10a‐5p. SKA1 silencing had the same effect as miR‐10a‐5p overexpression in HCC. In particular, the overexpression of SKA1 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐10a‐5p in HCC. Taken together, low miR‐10a‐5p expression is associated with HCC progression. miR‐10a‐5p inhibits the malignant development of HCC by negatively regulating SKA1.
YAP/TEAD4‐induced KIF4A contributes to the progression and worse prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Ya , Zhu Xiangzhan , Yang Minglei , Wang Yingying , Li Jianhui , Fang Jiarui , Guo Wenna , Ma Shanshan , Guan Fangxia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAberrant expression of kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A), which is associated with tumor progression, has been reported in several types of cancer. However, its expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating the transcription of KIF4A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that high KIF4A expression was positively correlated with tumor stage and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. KIF4A silencing significantly inhibited the growth and migration of ESCC cells, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, KIF4A expression was positively related to the expression of YAP in human ESCC tissues. YAP knockdown or disrupting YAP/TEAD4 interaction by verteporfin repressed KIF4A expression. Also, KIF4A knockdown significantly inhibited the cell growth induced by YAP overexpression. Mechanistically, YAP activated KIF4A transcriptional expression by TEAD4‐mediated direct binding to KIF4A promoter. Finally, KIF4A knockdown and verteporfin treatment synergistically inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models. Together, these results indicated that KIF4A, a novel target gene of YAP/TEAD4, may be a progression and prognostic biomarker of ESCC. Targeting drugs for KIF4A combined with YAP inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
Increasing Occurrence of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna on Atlantic Herring Spawning Grounds: A Signal of Escalating Pelagic Predator–Prey Interaction?
Authors: Turcotte François , McDermid Jenni L. , Tunney Tyler D. , Hanke Alex 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Predation can be a significant source of natural mortality for small pelagic fish species, rivaling or exceeding fishery removals. Failure to account for changes in natural mortality can introduce uncertainty in the assessment and management of these stocks. In this study, a 10-year span of hydroacoustic data was used to detect Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus on two major fall spawning grounds of Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, an economically and ecologically valuable forage fish species in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL). Average Bluefin Tuna detections increased 22-fold from 2002 to 2012 on both spawning grounds independently of Atlantic Herring density or aggregation size. This increase is directionally consistent but larger than changes in other Bluefin Tuna population indices. Preliminary estimates of annual Atlantic Herring consumption doubled across the time series, reaching values of 4,300–20,000 metric tons in recent years. This would suggest that Bluefin Tuna are among the most important consumers of Atlantic Herring in the sGSL. These findings are key for an ecosystem-based approach to the assessment and management of both Atlantic Herring and Bluefin Tuna in the sGSL.
RT‐QuIC Detection of Pathological α‐Synuclein in Skin Punches of Patients with Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Mammana Angela , Baiardi Simone , Quadalti Corinne , Rossi Marcello , Donadio Vincenzo , Capellari Sabina , Liguori Rocco , Parchi Piero 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that skin represents a suitable matrix for demonstrating α‐synuclein oligomers as a diagnostic biomarker for Lewy body disease.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of skin α‐syn real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay in patients with Lewy body disease.MethodsWe analyzed skin punches taken in vitam (n = 69) or postmortem (n = 49) from patients with PD, dementia with Lew bodies (DLB), incidental Lewy body pathology, and neurological controls. Seventy‐nine patients underwent both CSF and skin α‐synuclein real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay.ResultsOverall, the skin α‐synuclein real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay distinguished Lewy body disease patients with 94.1% accuracy (sensitivity, 89.2%; specificity, 96.3%). Assay sensitivity reached 94.1% in the 17 Lewy body disease patients analyzed in the cervical region. In patients with both CSF and skin samples, the 2 real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay protocols yielded similar diagnostic accuracy (skin, 97.5%; CSF, 98.7%).ConclusionSkin punch biopsies might represent a valid and convenient alternative to CSF analysis to demonstrate Lew body‐related α‐synuclein deposition in patients with Lewy body disease. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Preparing genomic revolution: Attitudes, clinical practice, and training needs in delivering genetic counseling in primary care in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China
Authors: Yu Man Wai Cecilia , Fung Jasmine Lee Fong , Ng Amy Pui Pui , Li Zhuo , Lan Wang , Chung Claudia Ching Yan , Li Yang , Liu Ying , Chung Brian H. Y. , Wong William Chi Wai 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practice concerning medical genetics, genetic testing, and counseling among primary care physicians (PCPs) in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China.MethodsThe University of Hong Kong (HKU), HKU‐Shenzhen Hospital, and Shenzhen Health Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center invited PCPs from Hong Kong and Shenzhen to participate in an online survey.ResultsThe survey was completed by 151 PCPs and 258 PCPs from Hong Kong and Shenzhen, respectively. The majority agreed it was important to keep current with genetics (91%) and that personalized medicine was the future of healthcare (86%), yet only 10% reported that they had postgraduate training in genomic medicine. Seventeen percent of Hong Kong and 40% of Shenzhen's PCPs encountered genetic‐related cases in the past 6 months, and they identified insufficient knowledge, few training opportunities, and self‐rated low confidence in their skillsets as main barriers.ConclusionsOur survey shows that Hong Kong and Shenzhen's PCPs are not yet fully utilizing potential benefits of genomic medicine in their clinical practice, which could be addressed with a combination of easily accessible educational resources, clear referral pathways and guidelines on genetic diseases, and cross‐specialty collaboration between healthcare systems and professional bodies.
Ligustrum robustum Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Serum TMAO, Modulating Gut Microbiota, and Decreasing Bile Acid and Cholesterol Absorption in Mice
Authors: Liu Sijing , He Fangting , Zheng Tianli , Wan Siqi , Chen Jiayi , Yang Fei , Xu Xin , Pei Xiaofang 
Published: May 2021

ScopeAtherosclerosis (AS) is closely related to gut microbiota. Previous studies demonstrates that Ligustrum robustum (LR), a flavonoid‐rich tea like plant, can mitigate several AS‐related risk factors and modulate gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects. But its anti‐AS effect and mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, impacts of LR on AS development are investigated and the potential underlying mechanisms in C57BL/6J and Apoe−/− mice are explored.Methods and ResultsFemale C57BL/6J and Apoe−/− mice are fed a chow diet or high‐choline diet, supplemented with vehicle (water) or LR water extract (700 mg kg−1) by gavage for 17 weeks. It is found that LR attenuates diet‐induced AS by reducing serum trimethylamine and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) levels likely by modulating gut microbiota. Moreover, LR increases the abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium, which generates bile salt hydrolase, and thus presumably enhances bile acid (BA) deconjugation and increases fecal BA excretion. Meanwhile, LR increases fecal cholesterol excretion, decreases the levels of serum and hepatic cholesterol, but did not affect short‐chain fatty acids in feces.ConclusionLR attenuates AS development presumably by decreasing serum TMAO levels and increasing fecal BA excretion likely via gut microbial modulation. These effects are accompanied by increases in fecal cholesterol excretion and decreases in serum and hepatic cholesterol.