bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Effects of a Novel Eye Mask Producing Heat and Vibration for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vigo Luca , Pellegrini Marco , Carones Francesco , Scorcia Vincenzo , Giannaccare Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To investigate the short-term effects on tear film parameters and ocular symptoms of a novel eye mask producing heat and vibration developed for the treatment of dry eye disease owing to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods. This is a pilot study including the first 20 consecutive patients (6 males, 14 females; mean age 52.4 ± 16.8 years) who were treated with a novel eye mask producing heat (42°) and vibration (up to 20 Hz) (Activa, SBS Sistemi, Turin, Italy) for 15 minutes. The treatment incorporates 2 phases in the following chronological order: 5 minutes of heating (phase I); 10 minutes of combination of heating and vibration (phase II). Noninvasive ocular surface examination was carried out before (T0) and 30 minutes after the mask session (T1) by means of Idra (SBS Sistemi, Turin, Italy) for the measurement of noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) and lipid layer thickness (LLT). Patients’ satisfaction after treatment was ascertained by asking the patients whether they perceived improvement from their baseline symptoms according to a 5-grade scale: none = 0; trace = 1; mild = 2; moderate = 3; high = 4. Results. All patients completed regularly the mask session and no device-related adverse events were noted. NIBUT improved significantly from T0 to T1 (from 7.2 ± 1.8 s to 8.1 ± 2.1;

P

= 0.014). In parallel, also LLT improved from from T0 to T1 (72.5 ± 13.9 nm to 83.1 ± 16.1;

P

= 0.016). Seven patients (35% of the total) had a moderate satisfaction (grade 3) while 13 patients (65%) had a high satisfaction (grade 4) with treatment. Conclusions. This eye mask represents a novel well tolerated tool in the armamentarium of MGD treatments. Thirty minutes after the session, NIBUT and LLT increased significantly; furthermore, all patients reported an improvement of discomfort symptoms with a moderate to high satisfaction with treatment.
Topological Characteristics of Obstacles and Nonlinear Rheological Fluid Flow in Presence of Insulated Fins: A Fluid Force Reduction Study
Authors: Majeed Afraz Hussain , Jarad Fahd , Mahmood Rashid , Saddique Imran 
Published: August 2021

In this work, a comprehensive study of fluid forces and thermal analysis of two-dimensional, laminar, and incompressible complex (power law, Bingham, and Herschel–Bulkley) fluid flow over a topological cross-sectional cylinder (square, hexagon, and circle) in channel have been computationally done by using finite element technique. The characteristics of nonlinear flow for varying ranges of power law index

0.4
≤
n
≤
1.6

,

Bingham number

0
≤
Bn
≤
50

, Prandtl number

0.7
≤
Pr
≤
10

, Reynolds number

10
≤
Re
≤
50

, and Grashof number

1
≤
Gr
≤
10

have been examined. Considerable evaluation for thermal flow field in the form of dimensionless velocity profile, isotherms, drag and lift coefficients, and average Nusselt number

Nu

avg

is done. Also, for a range of

Bn

, the drag forces reduction is observed for circular and hexagonal obstacles in comparison with the square cylinder. At

Bn
=
0

corresponding to Newtonian fluid, maximum reduction in drag force is reported.
Recurrent Human Papillomavirus–Related Head and Neck Cancer Undergoes Metabolic Reprogramming and Is Driven by Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Vyas Avani , Harbison R. Alex , Faden Daniel L. , Kubik Mark , Palmer Drake , Zhang Qing , Osmanbeyoglu Hatice U. , Kiselyov Kirill , Méndez Eduardo , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose:Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives the development of some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). This disease is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide. Although these tumors are sensitive to treatment, approximately 10% of patients fail therapy. However, the mechanisms that underlie treatment failure remain unclear.Experimental Design:We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on tissues from matched primary- (pHNSCC) and metachronous-recurrent cancers (rHNSCC) to identify transcriptional differences to gain mechanistic insight into the evolutionary adaptations of metachronous-recurrent tumors. We used HPV-related HNSCC cells lines to investigate the effect of (i) NRF2 overexpression on growth in vitro and in vivo, (ii) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition using IACS-010759 on NRF2-dependent cells, and (iii) combination of cisplatin and OXPHOS inhibition.Results:The OXPHOS pathway is enriched in recurrent HPV-associated HNSCC and may contribute to treatment failure. NRF2-enriched HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with enrichment in OXPHOS, fatty-acid metabolism, Myc, Mtor, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glycolytic signaling networks exhibited worse survival. HPV-positive HNSCC cells demonstrated sensitivity to the OXPHOS inhibitor, in a NRF2-dependent manner. Further, using murine xenograft models, we identified NRF2 as a driver of tumor growth. Mechanistically, NRF2 drives ROS and mitochondrial respiration, and NRF2 is a critical regulator of redox homeostasis that can be crippled by disruption of OXPHOS. NRF2 also mediated cisplatin sensitivity in endogenously overexpressing primary HPV-related HNSCC cells.Conclusions:These results unveil a paradigm-shifting translational target harnessing NRF2-mediated metabolic reprogramming in HPV-related HNSCC.
Clonal Hematopoiesis: From Mechanisms to Clinical Intervention
Authors: Köhnke Thomas , Majeti Ravindra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Our knowledge of how clonal hematopoiesis relates to diverse health conditions has grown vastly over the past years, touching upon many specialties beyond cancer medicine. Given that clonal hematopoiesis can act as a precursor to overt disease in many settings, the promise of early intervention has garnered much attention. In this review, we discuss the state of clonal hematopoiesis research and outline the challenges in developing clinical trials of early interventions. We anticipate that incidental findings of clonal hematopoiesis will become more common in the near future, but evidence-based efforts of how to manage these findings is currently lacking.

Significance:
Our knowledge regarding the relevance of clonal hematopoiesis has increased drastically over the past years. However, evidence of how to manage these findings is currently lacking. In this review, we summarize the current state of clonal hematopoiesis research and outline the challenges of developing clinical trials in this field. We anticipate that incidental findings of clonal hematopoiesis will become more common in the near future and argue that there is urgency to start designing and conducting prospective trials.
Em busca de um espaço: a linguagem gestual no candomblé - À memória de Marlene de Oliveira Cunha
Authors: Cunha João Alipio de Oliveira 
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo pretendo analisar a trajetória da antropóloga negra Marlene de Oliveira Cunha que foi uma das primeiras a trabalhar, no campo da Antropologia, a temática referente às gestualidades, compreendendo o corpo, a dança e a ancestralidade africana no Brasil. Na primeira parte do artigo, descrevo sua participação no movimento negro universitário e sua entrada nos estudos afroamericanos. Em seguida, apresento a sua proposta de analisar a gestualidade no candomblé de Angola na década de 1980 e as conexões com os estudos atuais da Antropologia da dança. Na terceira parte, faço uma análise da etnografia fornecida a respeito das posturas: gincado, adobá, barravento e arrebate. Na última seção, faço uma análise da pesquisa sobre a gestualidade e suas contribuições para a linha de pesquisa sobre a religião afro-brasileira e Antropologia da dança. p alavras-chave Candomblé de Angola; gestualidades; Antropologia da dança.
Predictors of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Inhibitor Prescriptions for Secondary Prevention of Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel M. , Maddox Thomas M. , Aragam Krishna , Sacks Chana A. , Virani Salim S. , Wasfy Jason H. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Little is known about patterns of PCSK9i (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor) use among patients with established clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study’s objective was to describe PCSK9i prescribing patterns among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods:
We used a national outpatient clinic registry linked to zip-code level on household income from the US Census to assess characteristics of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) <190 mg/dL between September 1, 2015, and September 30, 2019, who did and did not receive PCSK9i prescriptions and practice-level and temporal variation in PCSK9i prescriptions. We assessed predictors of PCSK9i prescription with a multivariable mixed effects regression model which included patient covariates as fixed effects and the cardiology practice as a random effect. Adjusted practice-level variation in PCSK9i prescribing was evaluated with median odds ratio (OR).

Results:
Of 2 148 100 patients meeting study inclusion criteria, 27 249 (1.3%) received PCSK9i prescriptions. Receiving a PCSK9i prescription was associated with White race (versus non-White: OR, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.55–1.83]); high estimated household income (versus low income: OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.08–1.29]), and urban or suburban (versus rural) practice location (urban: OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.32–1.64]; suburban: OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.13–1.39]). Hispanics had lower odds of receiving PCSK9i prescriptions (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.57–0.76]). The adjusted median odds ratio was 2.68 (95% CI, 2.46–2.94), consistent with clinically significant practice-level variation in PCSK9i prescriptions. No differences in quarterly PCSK9i prescription rates were observed before and after price reductions for evolocumab and alirocumab initiated during the fourth quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2019, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study highlights racial, socioeconomic, geographic, and practice-level variations in early PCSK9i prescriptions which persist despite adjustment for clinical and demographic factors. After adjustment, 2 randomly selected practices would differ in likelihood of PCSK9i prescription by a factor of >2.
Neutrophil Enzyme Myeloperoxidase Modulates Neuronal Response in a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Venous Injury
Authors: Coulibaly Aminata P. , Pezuk Pinar , Varghese Paul , Gartman William , Triebwasser Danielle , Kulas Joshua A. , Liu Lei , Syed Mariam , Tvrdik Petr , Ferris Heather , Provencio J. Javier 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Neutrophil infiltration into the central nervous system is linked to the development of these deficits after SAH. It is however unclear how neutrophil activity influences central nervous system function in SAH. The present project aims to elucidate which neutrophil factors mediate central nervous system injury and cognitive deficits after SAH.

Methods:
Using a murine model of SAH and mice deficient in neutrophil effector functions, we determined which neutrophil effector function is critical to the development of deficits after SAH. In vivo and in vitro techniques were used to investigate possible pathways of neutrophils effect after SAH.

Results:

Our results show that mice lacking functional MPO (myeloperoxidase), a neutrophil enzyme, lack both the meningeal neutrophil infiltration (wild type, sham 872 cells/meninges versus SAH 3047,
P
=0.023; myeloperoxidase knockout [MPOKO], sham 1677 versus SAH 1636,
P
=NS) and erase the cognitive deficits on Barnes maze associated with SAH (MPOKO sham versus SAH,
P
=NS). The reintroduction of biologically active MPO, and its substrate hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), to the cerebrospinal fluid of MPOKO mice at the time of hemorrhage restores the spatial memory deficit observed after SAH (time to goal box MPOKO sham versus MPOKO+MPO/H
2
O
2
,
P
=0.001). We find evidence of changes in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia with MPO/H
2
O
2
suggesting the effect of MPO may have complex interactions with many cell types. Neurons exposed to MPO/H
2
O
2
show decreased calcium activity at baseline and after stimulation with potassium chloride. Although astrocytes and microglia are affected, changes seen in astrocytes are most consistent with inflammatory changes that likely affect neurons.

Conclusions:
These results implicate MPO as a mediator of neuronal dysfunction in SAH through its effect on both neurons and glia. These results show that, in SAH, the activity of innate immune cells in the meninges modulates the activity and function of the underlying brain tissue.
Directed functional and structural connectivity in a large-scale model for the mouse cortex
Authors: Nunes Ronaldo V. , Reyes Marcelo B. , Mejias Jorge F. , de Camargo Raphael Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Inferring the structural connectivity from electrophysiological measurements is a fundamental challenge in systems neuroscience. Directed functional connectivity measures, such as the generalized partial directed coherence (GPDC), provide estimates of the causal influence between areas. However, the relation between causality estimates and structural connectivity is still not clear. We analyzed this problem by evaluating the effectiveness of GPDC to estimate the connectivity of a ground-truth, data-constrained computational model of a large-scale network model of the mouse cortex. The model contains 19 cortical areas composed of spiking neurons, with areas connected by long-range projections with weights obtained from a tract-tracing cortical connectome. We show that GPDC values provide a reasonable estimate of structural connectivity, with an average Pearson correlation over simulations of 0.74. Moreover, even in a typical electrophysiological recording scenario containing five areas, the mean correlation was above 0.6. These results suggest that it may be possible to empirically estimate structural connectivity from functional connectivity even when detailed whole-brain recordings are not achievable.
Independent contributions of structural and functional connectivity: Evidence from a stroke model
Authors: Keator Lynsey M. , Yourganov Grigori , Basilakos Alexandra , Hillis Argye E. , Hickok Gregory , Bonilha Leonardo , Rorden Christopher , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Altered functional connectivity is related to severity of language impairment in poststroke aphasia. However, it is not clear whether this finding specifically reflects loss of functional coherence, or more generally, is related to decreased structural connectivity due to cortical necrosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate this issue by factoring out structural connectivity from functional connectivity measures and then relating the residual data to language performance poststroke. Ninety-seven participants with a history of stroke were assessed using language impairment measures (Auditory Verbal Comprehension and Spontaneous Speech scores from the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised) and MRI (structural, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting-state functional connectivity). We analyzed the association between functional connectivity and language and controlled for multiple potential neuroanatomical confounders, namely structural connectivity. We identified functional connections within the left hemisphere ventral stream where decreased functional connectivity, independent of structural connectivity, was associated with speech comprehension impairment. These connections exist in frontotemporal and temporoparietal regions. Our results suggest poor speech comprehension in aphasia is at least partially caused by loss of cortical synchrony in a left hemisphere ventral stream network and is not only reflective of localized necrosis or structural connectivity.
Exercise therapy for sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liao Chun-De , Chen Hung-Chou , Huang Shih-Wei , Liou Tsan-Hon 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis and age are associated with high sarcopenia risk. Exercise is an effective treatment for preventing muscle mass loss in older adult populations. It remains unclear whether exercise affects muscle mass in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, this meta-analysis investigated the effect of exercise on muscle mass gain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Data sources: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Google Scholar were systematically searched until June 2021. Methods: The present study was conducted according to the guidelines recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of exercise on muscle mass for rheumatoid arthritis were identified. The included RCTs were subject to meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment. Subgroup and random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed to identify any heterogeneity ( I2) of treatment effects across studies. Results: We included nine RCTs with a median PEDro score of 6/10 (range: 4/10–8/10). The weighted mean effect size for muscle mass was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.30–1.24; P = 0.001; I2 = 77%). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the disease duration significantly explained variance of treatment effects across studies (β = −0.006, R2 = 69.7%, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Exercise therapy effectively increased muscle mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment effects may be attenuated in those who have had rheumatoid arthritis for a relatively long time.
Manual joint mobilisation techniques, supervised physical activity, psychological treatment, acupuncture and patient education in migraine treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beier Dagmar , Callesen Henriette E , Carlsen Louise N , Birkefoss Kirsten , Tómasdóttir Hanna , Wűrtzen Hanne , Christensen Henrik W , Krøll Lotte S , Jensen Mette , Høst Christel V , Hansen Jakob M 
Published: August 2021

Background Many people suffering from migraine combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an updated guideline for some widely used non-pharmacological treatment options for migraine. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of randomized studies of adults with migraine treated with manual joint mobilisation techniques, supervised physical activity, psychological treatment, acupuncture and patient education. The main outcomes measured were days with headache and quality of life. Recommendations were formulated based on the Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach including patient preferences based on expert opinion and questionnaire data. Results The overall level of certainty of the evidence was low to very low. Manual therapy techniques and psychological treatment did not change the studied outcomes. Supervised physical activity might have a positive impact on quality of life, acupuncture on headache frequency, intensity, quality of life and the use of attack-medicine. Patient education might improve self-rated health and quality of life and increase the number of well-informed patients. Conclusion Based on observed effects, the lack of serious adverse events, and patients’ preferences, we make weak recommendations for considering the investigated interventions as a supplement to standard treatment. Protocol registration: Prospero CRD42020220132.
Factors Associated With Noncontact Injury in Collegiate Soccer: A 12-Team Prospective Study of NCAA Division I Men’s and Women’s Soccer
Authors: Curtis Ryan M. , Huggins Robert A. , Benjamin Courteney L. , Sekiguchi Yasuki , Lepley Lindsey K. , Huedo-Medina Tania B. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Multiteam, multi-institution prospective studies of both women’s and men’s sports are essential for collectively investigating injury and primary to the generalization and individualization of injury prevention strategies. Hypothesis: Characteristics of workload, sleep, and contextual factors will be associated with injury risk in collegiate soccer athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Injuries, workload, and sleep characteristics were recorded daily throughout a complete season for 256 athletes from 12 separate National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s and women’s soccer teams. Workload and contextual factors were assessed via multilevel Poisson regression to capture differences in injury incidence rate ratio (IRR). Paired t test and multilevel logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between sleep behavior and injury. Results: Collegiate soccer athletes had lower rates of noncontact injury in the in-season (IRR, 0.42) and postseason (IRR, 0.48) compared with preseason, lower rates of injury in training (IRR, 0.64) compared with matches, and higher injury rates with only 1 day of rest in the previous week (IRR, 1.58) compared with >1 day. Injury rates peaked when training occurred 4 days before a match (IRR, 2.24) compared with a match. Injury rate increased exponentially with increases in the number of noncontact injuries incurred throughout the season (IRR, 2.23). Lower chronic loading, higher training monotony, and acute spikes and lulls in workload were associated with higher noncontact injury rates. Alterations in previous week sleep quality were associated with injury, while chronic sleep behavior and acute alterations (<7 days) in sleep behavior were not ( P > .05). Conclusion: Athlete and schedule-specific contextual factors, combined with characteristics of workload and weekly sleep behavior, are significantly associated with injury in collegiate soccer. Multiteam prospective cohort studies involving objective and subjective monitoring allow for the identification of multiple injury risk factors in sports, which can be used to guide injury prevention strategies. Maintaining higher chronic workloads, lowering training monotony, minimizing acute spikes or lulls in workloads, managing workloads during preseason and for athletes with previous injury, integrating more rest and recovery during congested periods, and optimizing sleep quality are all practical considerations for reducing injury risk in collegiate soccer.