bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of interannual ensemble forecast signals over the North Atlantic and Europe using atmospheric circulation regimes
Authors: Falkena Swinda K.J. , de Wiljes Jana , Weisheimer Antje , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo study the forced variability of atmospheric circulation regimes, the use of model ensembles is often necessary for identifying statistically significant signals as the observed data constitute a small sample and are thus strongly affected by the noise associated with sampling uncertainty. However, the regime representation is itself affected by noise within the atmosphere, which can make it difficult to detect robust signals. To this end we employ a regularised k‐means clustering algorithm to better identify the signal in a model ensemble. The approach allows for the identification of six regimes for the wintertime Euro‐Atlantic sector and leads to more pronounced regime dynamics, compared to results without regularisation, both overall and on sub‐seasonal and interannual time‐scales. We find that sub‐seasonal variability in the regime occurrence rates is mainly explained by changes in the seasonal cycle of the mean climatology. On interannual time‐scales relations between the occurrence rates of the regimes and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are identified. The use of six regimes captures a more detailed response of the circulation to ENSO compared to the common use of four regimes. Predictable signals in occurrence rate on interannual time‐scales are found for the two zonal flow regimes, namely a regime consisting of a negative geopotential height anomaly over the Norwegian Sea and Scandinavia, and the positive phase of the NAO. The signal strength for these regimes is comparable between observations and model, in contrast to that of the NAO‐index where the signal strength in the observations is underestimated by a factor of 2 in the model. Our regime analysis suggests that this signal‐to‐noise problem for the NAO‐index is primarily related to those atmospheric flow patterns associated with the negative NAO‐index as we find poor predictability for the corresponding NAO regime.
Formamidinium dopant effects on double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6
Authors: Zhang Cai‐Rong , Chen Hong , Liu Zi‐Jiang , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Wang Wei , Wu You‐Zhi , Chen Hong‐Shan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe optoelectronic properties of formamidinium CH(NH2)2+ (FA) doped double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 with corresponding formula Cs1.875FA0.125AgBiBr6 were investigated based on electronic structures and supercell models. The dopant formation energies, tolerance and octahedral factors support the doped structures are stable. FA dopant increases band gap about 0.15 eV without introducing dopant states in gap, but also increases the reduced effective masses, exciton binding energies, and elastic constants. However, it decreases exciton energies and charge carrier mobilities. Though the energy barriers among the different FA orientations in Cs1.875FA0.125AgBiBr6 are quite small (<30 meV), FA orientations in doped systems can remarkably impact on electron and hole mobilities.
Multiple imputation confidence intervals for the mean of the discrete distributions for incomplete data
Authors: Lee Chung‐Han , Wang Hsiuying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConfidence intervals for the mean of discrete exponential families are widely used in many applications. Since missing data are commonly encountered, the interval estimation for incomplete data is an important problem. The performances of the existing multiple imputation confidence intervals are unsatisfactory. We propose modified multiple imputation confidence intervals to improve the existing confidence intervals for the mean of the discrete exponential families with quadratic variance functions. A simulation study shows that the coverage probabilities of the modified confidence intervals are closer to the nominal level than the existing confidence intervals when the true mean is near the boundaries of the parameter space. These confidence intervals are also illustrated with real data examples.
A Sub-GeV Low Mass Hidden Dark Sector of SU(2)H × U(1)X
Authors: Ramos Raymundo , Tran Van Que , Yuan Tzu-Chiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a detailed study of the non-abelian vector dark matter candidateWtwith a MeV–GeV low mass range, accompanied by a dark photonA′ and a darkZ′ of similar masses, in the context of a gauged two-Higgs-doublet model with the hidden gauge group that has the same structure as the Standard Model electroweak gauge group. The stability of dark matter is protected by an accidental discreteZ2symmetry (h-parity) which was usually imposedad hocby hand. We examine the model by taking into account various experimental constraints including dark photon searches at NA48, NA64, E141,ν-CAL, BaBar and LHCb experiments, electroweak precision data from LEP, relic density from Planck satellite, direct (indirect) detection of dark matter from CRESST-III, DarkSide-50, XENON1T (Fermi-LAT), and collider physics from the LHC. The theoretical requirements of bounded from below of the scalar potential and tree level perturbative unitarity of the scalar sector are also imposed. The viable parameter space of the model consistent with all the constraints is exhibited. While a darkZ′ can be the dominant contribution in the relic density due to resonant annihilation of dark matter, a dark photon is crucial to dark matter direct detection. We also demonstrate that the parameter space can be further probed by various sub-GeV direct dark matter experimental searches at CDEX, NEWS-G and SuperCDMS in the near future.
Synchrotron 4D X-Ray Imaging Reveals Strain Localization at the Onset of System-Size Failure in Porous Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Kandula Neelima , McBeck Jessica , Cordonnier Benoît , Weiss Jérôme , Dysthe Dag Kristian , Renard François 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of strain localization leading to brittle failure in reservoir rocks can shed light on geomechanical processes such as porosity and permeability evolution during rock deformation, induced seismicity, fracturing, and subsidence in geological reservoirs. We perform triaxial compression tests on three types of porous reservoir rocks to reveal the local deformation mechanisms that control system-size failure. We deformed cylindrical samples of Adamswiller sandstone (23% porosity), Bentheim sandstone (23% porosity), and Anstrude limestone (20% porosity), using an X-ray transparent triaxial deformation apparatus. This apparatus enables the acquisition of three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray images, under in situ stress conditions. Analysis of the tomograms provide 3D distributions of the microfractures and dilatant pores from which we calculated the evolving macroporosity. Digital volume correlation analysis reveals the dominant strain localization mechanisms by providing the incremental strain components of pairs of tomograms. In the three rock types, damage localized as a single shear band or by the formation of conjugate bands at failure. The porosity evolution closely matches the evolution of the incremental strain components of dilation, contraction, and shear. With increasing confinement, the dominant strain in the sandstones shifts from dilative strain (Bentheim sandstone) to contractive strain (Adamswiller sandstone). Our study also links the formation of compactive shear bands with porosity variations in Anstrude limestone, which is characterized by a complex pore geometry. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the microscale mechanisms guiding strain localization are pore collapse and grain crushing in sandstones, and pore collapse, pore-emanated fractures and cataclasis in limestones. Our dynamic X-ray microtomography data brings unique insights on the correlation between the evolutions of rock microstructure, porosity evolution, and macroscopic strain during the approach to brittle failure in reservoir rocks.
Assessing the Rates and Reasons of Elective Surgical Cancellations on the Day of Surgery: A Multicentre Study from Urban Indian Hospitals
Authors: Sarang Bhakti , Bhandoria Geetu , Patil Priti , Gadgil Anita , Bains Lovenish , Khajanchi Monty , Kizhakke Veetil Deepa , Dutta Rohini , Shah Priyansh , Bhandarkar Prashant , Kaman Lileswar , Ghosh Dhruva , Mandrelle Kavita , Kumar Ashwani , Bahadur Akshay , Krishna Sunil , Gautam Kamal Kishore , Dev Ya , Aggarwal Manisha , Thivalapill Neil , Roy Nobhojit ,   the IndSurg Collaboration, Mandrelle Kavita , Kumar Ashwani , Krishna Sunil , Bains Lovenish , Kadam Sameer , Kaman Lileswar , Belekar Dnyanesh , Gadgil Anita , Bahadur Akshay , Gautam Kamal Kishore , Haque Parvez David , Jain Ritu , Bhatti Sahir , Bhatt Alisha , Ghosh Dhruva , Aggarwal Manisha , Kanna D Vinoth , Sharma Akanksha A. , Badareesh L. , Kedage Vijayendra , Jamunpalli Krishna Kalyan Reddy , Arora Sumit , Mishra Gunjan , Sakaray Yashwant , Khare Siddhant , Patil Bhakti Sarang Priti , Bhandarkar Prashant 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancellations of elective surgeries on the day of surgery (DOS) can lead to added financial burden and wastage of resources for healthcare facilities; as well as social and emotional problems to patients. These cancellations act as barriers to delivering efficient surgical services. Optimal utilisation of the available resources is necessary for resource‐constrained low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMIC). This study investigates the rate and causes of cancellations of elective surgeries on the DOS in various surgical departments across ten hospitals in India.MethodsA research consortium ‘IndSurg’ led by World Health Organisation Collaboration Centre (WHOCC) for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in LMICs, India conducted this multicentre retrospective cross‐sectional study to analyse the cancellations of elective/planned surgical operations on DOS across urban secondary and tertiary level hospitals. We audited surgical records of a pre‐decided period of six weeks for cancellations, documented relevant demographic information and reasons for cancellations.ResultsWe analysed records from the participating hospitals, with an overall cancellation rate of 9.7% (508/5231) on the DOS for elective surgical operations. Of these, 74% were avoidable cancellations. A majority (30%) of these 508 cancellations were attributed to insufficient resources, 28% due to patient's refusal or failure to show‐up, and 22% due to change in patient's medical status.ConclusionWe saw a preponderance of avoidable reasons for elective surgery cancellations. A multidisciplinary approach with adequate preoperative patient counselling, timely communication between the patients and caregivers, adequate preoperative anaesthetic assessment, and planning by the surgical team may help reduce the cancellation rate.
Assessment of whole gut motility in adolescents using the wireless motility capsule test
Authors: Fritz Tanja , Hünseler Christoph , Broekaert Ilse 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are often associated with intestinal dysmotility representing a diagnostic challenge. A relatively new method is the wireless motility capsule (WMC) test, which continuously measures pH, pressure, temperature and regional transit times as it passes through the GI tract. In adults, the WMC test was approved for use in the diagnosis of gastroparesis and constipation by assessing GI transit and contractility. We performed the WMC test in nine adolescent patients aged 12–17 years with functional GI symptoms from July 2017 until February 2019. Abnormal transit times were detected in four patients. Three patients showed abnormal transit times of the upper GI tract: in two cases, contractility analysis revealed prolonged gastric retention, and in one patient, abnormal colonic transit was detected.Conclusion: The WMC test is a minimally invasive procedure with potential to expand future diagnostic opportunities for paediatric patients with functional GI disorders and suspected motility disturbances.

What is Known:• The assessment of GI transit and contractility of the whole gut is possible with the WMC test which is approved for use in the diagnosis of gastroparesis and constipation in adults.

What is New:• The WMC test is a non-invasive diagnostic tool with the potential to expand diagnostic opportunities in paediatric patients by assessing regional and whole gut motility.• In paediatric patients with functional GI disorders, the WMC test could help to make an adequate diagnosis and initiate appropriate therapy.
The Covering Radius and a Discrete Surface Area for Non-Hollow Simplices
Authors: Codenotti Giulia , Santos Francisco , Schymura Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe explore upper bounds on the covering radius of non-hollow lattice polytopes. In particular, we conjecture a general upper bound of d/2 in dimension d, achieved by the “standard terminal simplices” and direct sums of them. We prove this conjecture up to dimension three and show it to be equivalent to the conjecture of González-Merino and Schymura (Discrete Comput. Geom. 58(3), 663–685 (2017)) that the d-th covering minimum of the standard terminal n-simplex equals d/2, for every $$n\ge d$$

n
≥
d

. We also show that these two conjectures would follow from a discrete analog for lattice simplices of Hadwiger’s formula bounding the covering radius of a convex body in terms of the ratio of surface area versus volume. To this end, we introduce a new notion of discrete surface area of non-hollow simplices. We prove our discrete analog in dimension two and give strong evidence for its validity in arbitrary dimension.
A normal criterion concerning zero numbers
Authors: Sun Chengxiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet $$n \ge 4$$

n
≥
4

be a positive integer, $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
be a family of meromorphic functions in D and let $$a(z)(\not \equiv 0), b(z)$$

a
(
z
)
(
≢
0
)
,
b
(
z
)

be two holomorphic functions in D. If, for any function $$f \in \mathcal { F}$$

f
∈
F

, (1)$$f(z) \ne \infty $$

f
(
z
)
≠
∞

when $$a(z)=0$$

a
(
z
)
=
0

, (2) $$f'(z)-a(z)f^{n}(z)-b(z)$$

f
′

(
z
)

-
a

(
z
)

f
n

(
z
)

-
b

(
z
)

has at most one zero in D, then $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
is normal in D.
A case of a hemodialysis patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism who was resistant to etelcalcetide treatment but not to cinacalcet hydrochloride
Authors: Nakamura Hironori , Tokumoto Masanori , Anayama Mariko , Kurihara Shigekazu , Makino Yasushi , Tamura Katsuhiko , Nagasawa Masaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough both cinacalcet and etelcalcetide are calcimimetics that directly inhibit parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by activating the calcium (Ca)-sensing receptor (CaSR), their binding sites are different. We report a first case of a hemodialysis (HD) patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), in whom cinacalcet, but not etelcalcetide, could reduce serum intact PTH (i-PTH) levels. A HD patient received total parathyroidectomy (PTx) with auto-transplantation 16 years earlier. Due to SHPT relapse, cinacalcet was started at 7 years after PTx. His i-PTH levels had been controlled with both 75–100 mg of cinacalcet and 4.5 μg/week of calcitriol for a year before switching from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide. At 1 month following the switch, his serum i-PTH level increased to 716 pg/mL. The dose of etelcalcetide was gradually increased and finally reached the maximal dose of 45 mg/week. Because even the maximal dose of etelcalcetide for > 4 months did not reduce his serum i-PTH levels to < 700 pg/mL, etelcalcetide was switched to 50 mg/day of cinacalcet, which reduced the levels to 208 pg/mL at 2 months after the switch. Genomic sequencing test using whole blood revealed no mutation in the portion including Cys 482 of CaSR gene. The patient was resistant to etelcalcetide treatment but not to cinacalcet, suggesting the possibility that the enlarged parathyroid gland has some change in the portion including Cys 482 in the CaSR gene. Therefore, considering the possibility of etelcalcetide resistance during SHPT treatment should be kept in mind.
Interpersonal Cognitive Biases in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schmidt Nora B. , Vereenooghe Leen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Interpersonal cognitive biases have been linked to externalising and internalising problems. This systematic review investigates their role in children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), who have a high risk of experiencing such problems.

Recent Findings
With 16 identified studies, this is a widely under-recognised research area. The three studies conducted within the last 5 years focused on threat interpretation and its association with anxiety. No difference between children and young people with and without NDD was found in the eleven studies investigating hostile attribution of intent, of which the most recent is nearly a decade old. No studies addressed attention or memory bias towards ambiguous interpersonal information.

Summary
The scarcity and heterogeneity of research highlighted in this paper demonstrate the urgency to use standardised and accessible research methods to develop a strong evidence base regarding the potential content-specific interpretation bias in individuals with NDD.
Smart healthcare IoT applications based on fog computing: architecture, applications and challenges
Authors: Quy Vu Khanh , Hau Nguyen Van , Anh Dang Van , Ngoc Le Anh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe history of human development has proven that medical and healthcare applications for humanity always are the main driving force behind the development of science and technology. The advent of Cloud technology for the first time allows providing systems infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service. Cloud technology has dominated healthcare information systems for decades now. However, one limitation of cloud-based applications is the high service response time. In some emergency scenarios, the control and monitoring of patient status, decision-making with related resources are limited such as hospital, ambulance, doctor, medical conditions in seconds and has a direct impact on the life of patients. To solve these challenges, optimal computing technologies have been proposed such as cloud computing, edge computing, and fog computing technologies. In this article, we make a comparison between computing technologies. Then, we present a common architectural framework based on fog computing for Internet of Health Things (Fog-IoHT) applications. Besides, we also indicate possible applications and challenges in integrating fog computing into IoT Healthcare applications. The analysis results indicated that there is huge potential for IoHT applications based on fog computing. We hope, this study will be an important guide for the future development of fog-based Healthcare IoT applications.
Social media: A new tool for outbreak surveillance
Authors: Wilson Averi E. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Saleh Sameh N. , Hanna John , Medford Richard J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Social media platforms allow users to share news, ideas, thoughts, and opinions on a global scale. Data processing methods allow researchers to automate the collection and interpretation of social media posts for efficient and valuable disease surveillance. Data derived from social media and internet search trends have been used successfully for monitoring and forecasting disease outbreaks such as Zika, Dengue, MERS, and Ebola viruses. More recently, data derived from social media have been used to monitor and model disease incidence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We discuss the use of social media for disease surveillance.
Negative symptoms: associations with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and maladaptive schemas in youth and young adults at-risk for psychosis
Authors: Devoe Daniel J. , Cadenhead K.S. , Cornblatt Barbara , Granholm Eric , Addington Jean 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of negative symptoms are needed. Defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas have been shown to contribute to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Likewise, negative symptoms occur in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis.Aims:The aim of this study was to determine if negative symptoms were associated with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas in CHR participants of a group therapy intervention study.Method:All CHR participants (n = 203; 99 males, 104 females) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial: Recovery through Group Study (ReGroup). Negative symptoms, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy and early maladaptive schemas were assessed by trained clinical raters. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, functioning, and negative symptoms.Results:The majority of CHR youth (72.9%) had at least one negative symptom of moderate to above moderate severity at baseline. In multiple mediation analyses, both asocial beliefs and social self-efficacy mediated the effects of social functioning on negative symptoms. Finally, defeatist performance attitudes significantly mediated the effects of role functioning on negative symptoms.Conclusions:These results highlight the importance of considering beliefs and attitudes in relation to functioning and severity of negative symptoms. Psychosocial interventions may wish to target beliefs and attitudes in effort to reduce negative symptoms and improve functioning in CHR youth.
A legal obligation under international law to guarantee access to abortion services in contexts of armed conflict? An analysis of the case of Colombia
Authors: Laguna Trujillo Juliana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the existence of an international obligation for the State of Colombia to guarantee access to abortion services for women and girls who are victims of conflict-related sexual violence in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. By examining international humanitarian law rules from an international human rights law lens, it sets out the interdependence between both frameworks from reproductive health and human rights perspectives. Furthermore, the article provides considerations on the recognition and redress of these violations in the transitional justice scenario in Colombia.
Divergent Causes of Terrestrial Water Storage Decline Between Drylands and Humid Regions Globally
Authors: An Linli , Wang Jida , Huang Jianping , Pokhrel Yadu , Hugonnet Romain , Wada Yoshihide , Cáceres Denise , Müller Schmied Hannes , Song Chunqiao , Berthier Etienne , Yu Haipeng , Zhang Guolong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeclines in terrestrial water storage (TWS) exacerbate regional water scarcity and global sea level rise. Increasing evidence has shown that recent TWS declines are substantial in ecologically fragile drylands, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, by synergizing satellite observations and model simulations, we quantitatively attribute TWS trends during 2002–2016 in major climate zones to three mechanistic drivers: climate variability, climate change, and direct human activities. We reveal that climate variability had transitory and limited impacts (<20%), whereas warming‐induced glacier loss and direct human activities dominate the TWS loss in humid regions (∼103%) and drylands (∼64%), respectively. In non‐glacierized humid areas, climate variability generated regional water gains that offset synchronous TWS declines. Yet in drylands, TWS losses are enduring and more widespread with direct human activities, particularly unsustainable groundwater abstraction. Our findings highlight the substantive human footprints on the already vulnerable arid regions and an imperative need for improved dryland water conservation.