bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A host transcriptomic signature for identification of respiratory viral infections in the community
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Herrero‐Rodríguez Carmen , Martínez‐Huélamo Misericordia , Vicente‐Andres Maria del Pilar , Nieto‐Barbero Jose Angel , Martín‐Ballesteros Miryam , Rodilla‐Carvajal Maria del Mar , de la Fuente Amanda , Ortega Alicia , Alonso‐Ramos Maria Jesus , Wacker James , Liesenfeld Oliver , Sweeney Timothy E. , Bermejo‐Martin Jesús F. , García‐Ortiz Luis ,   for the PREVISE Study Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFever‐7 is a test evaluating host mRNA expression levels of IFI27, JUP, LAX, HK3, TNIP1, GPAA1 and CTSB in blood able to detect viral infections. This test has been validated mostly in hospital settings. Here we have evaluated Fever‐7 to identify the presence of respiratory viral infections in a Community Health Center.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in the “Servicio de Urgencias de Atención Primaria” in Salamanca, Spain. Patients with clinical signs of respiratory infection and at least one point in the National Early Warning Score were recruited. Fever‐7 mRNAs were profiled on a Nanostring nCounter® SPRINT instrument from blood collected upon patient enrolment. Viral diagnosis was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) using the Biofire‐RP2 panel.ResultsA respiratory virus was detected in the NPAs of 66 of the 100 patients enrolled. Median National Early Warning Score was 7 in the group with no virus detected and 6.5 in the group with a respiratory viral infection (P > .05). The Fever‐7 score yielded an overall AUC of 0.81 to predict a positive viral syndromic test. The optimal operating point for the Fever‐7 score yielded a sensitivity of 82% with a specificity of 71%. Multivariate analysis showed that Fever‐7 was a robust marker of viral infection independently of age, sex, major comorbidities and disease severity at presentation (OR [CI95%], 3.73 [2.14‐6.51], P < .001).ConclusionsFever‐7 is a promising host immune mRNA signature for the early identification of a respiratory viral infection in the community.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, circulating ketone bodies and all‐cause mortality in a general population‐based cohort
Authors: Post Adrian , Garcia Erwin , van den Berg Eline H. , Flores‐Guerrero Jose L. , Gruppen Eke G. , Groothof Dion , Westenbrink Berend Daan , Connelly Margery A. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Dullaart Robin P. F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent, paralleling the obesity epidemic. Ketone bodies are produced in the liver, but it is currently uncertain whether circulating ketone bodies are increased in the context of NAFLD. We investigated the association between NAFLD and circulating ketone bodies and determined the extent to which NAFLD and circulating ketone bodies are associated with all‐cause mortality.MethodsPlasma ketone bodies were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in participants of the general population‐based PREVEND study. A fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60 was regarded as a proxy of NAFLD. Associations of an elevated FLI and ketone bodies with all‐cause mortality were investigated using Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe study included 6,297 participants aged 54 ± 12 years, of whom 1,970 (31%) had elevated FLI. Participants with elevated FLI had higher total ketone bodies (194 [153‐259] vs 170 [133‐243] µmol/L; P < .001) than participants without elevated FLI. During 7.9 [7.8‐8.9] years of follow‐up, 387 (6%) participants died. An elevated FLI was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.34 [1.06‐1.70]; P = .02). Higher total ketone bodies were also associated with an increased mortality risk (HR per doubling: 1.29 [1.12‐1.49]; P < .001). Mediation analysis suggested that the association of elevated FLI with all‐cause mortality was in part mediated by ketone bodies (proportion mediated: 10%, P < .001).ConclusionCirculating ketone bodies were increased in participants with suspected NAFLD. Both suspected NAFLD and higher circulating ketone bodies are associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality.
Characteristics of gestational diabetes subtypes classified by oral glucose tolerance test values
Authors: Kotzaeridi Grammata , Blätter Julia , Eppel Daniel , Rosicky Ingo , Linder Tina , Geissler Franziska , Huhn Evelyn A. , Hösli Irene , Tura Andrea , Göbl Christian S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical practice, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is treated as a homogenous disease but emerging evidence suggests that the diagnosis of GDM possibly comprises different metabolic entities. In this study, we aimed to assess early pregnancy characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus entities classified according to the presence of fasting and/or post‐load hyperglycaemia in the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test performed at mid‐gestation.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 1087 pregnant women received a broad risk evaluation and laboratory examination at early gestation and were later classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT), as having isolated fasting hyperglycaemia (GDM‐IFH), isolated post‐load hyperglycaemia (GDM‐IPH) or combined hyperglycaemia (GDM‐CH) according to oral glucose tolerance test results. Participants were followed up until delivery to assess data on pharmacotherapy and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsWomen affected by elevated fasting and post‐load glucose concentrations (GDM‐CH) showed adverse metabolic profiles already at beginning of pregnancy including a higher degree of insulin resistance as compared to women with normal glucose tolerance and those with isolated defects (especially GDM‐IPH). The GDM‐IPH subgroup had lower body mass index at early gestation and required glucose‐lowering medications less often (28.9%) as compared to GDM‐IFH (47.8%, P = .019) and GDM‐CH (54.5%, P = .005). No differences were observed in pregnancy outcome data.ConclusionsWomen with fasting hyperglycaemia, especially those with combined hyperglycaemia, showed an unfavourable metabolic phenotype already at early gestation. Therefore, categorization based on abnormal oral glucose tolerance test values provides a practicable basis for clinical risk stratification.
Introduction of an interactive tool (the Dental Trauma Guide) in the undergraduate dental teaching to manage traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Wimalarathna A. A. A. K. , Herath E. M. U. C. K. , Senarath N. H. , Fonseka M. C. N. , Manathunga M. M. K. M. , Nawarathna L. S. , Andersson L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) are complex problems where lack of proper care may result in serious complications. The need to improve the management of TDI is a frequently addressed concern. Methods of improvement in their diagnosis and management are continuously evolving. The interactive Internet tool, the Dental Trauma Guide (DTG), helps to simplify diagnostic and management dilemmas. However, it is not a freely available tool. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge and diagnostic skills of undergraduate dental students with access to the DTG compared with students without such access, in order to validate and promote this tool in dental education.Materials and MethodsTwo groups of students were randomly selected where one group of final year dental undergraduate students were exposed to lectures, demonstrations, discussions and tutorials on the management of TDI according to the standard undergraduate curriculum in Sri Lanka. Another test group of 21 students were provided with access to DTG during their training in paediatric dentistry. At the end of the study period, students were assessed on their knowledge of TDI using MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) and OSCEs (Objective Structured Clinical Examination), based on the DTG.ResultsThe students with access to the DTG were more knowledgeable in providing the correct answers to three out of the seven OSCE questions. Evaluation based on the MCQs did not reveal a significant difference (p = .913). However, users of the DTG showed a statistically significant difference with better overall knowledge based on their answers (p = .028). Following this period of evaluation, all of the students were provided with access to the DTG to supplement their learning experience.ConclusionThe Dental Trauma Guide is a useful supplementary tool for undergraduate students to arrive at a correct diagnosis and treatment plan for TDI.
Theory of temperature‐dependent consumer–resource interactions
Authors: Synodinos Alexis D. , Haegeman Bart , Sentis Arnaud , Montoya José M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChanges in temperature affect consumer–resource interactions, which underpin the functioning of ecosystems. However, existing studies report contrasting predictions regarding the impacts of warming on biological rates and community dynamics. To improve prediction accuracy and comparability, we develop an approach that combines sensitivity analysis and aggregate parameters. The former determines which biological parameters impact the community most strongly. The use of aggregate parameters (i.e., maximal energetic efficiency, ρ, and interaction strength, κ), that combine multiple biological parameters, increases explanatory power and reduces the complexity of theoretical analyses. We illustrate the approach using empirically derived thermal dependence curves of biological rates and applying it to consumer–resource biomass ratio and community stability. Based on our analyses, we generate four predictions: (1) resource growth rate regulates biomass distributions at mild temperatures, (2) interaction strength alone determines the thermal boundaries of the community, (3) warming destabilises dynamics at low and mild temperatures only and (4) interactions strength must decrease faster than maximal energetic efficiency for warming to stabilise dynamics. We argue for the potential benefits of directly working with the aggregate parameters to increase the accuracy of predictions on warming impacts on food webs and promote cross‐system comparisons.
“The Burning Fire of Love, the Nucleus of Reconciliation”
Authors: Clements Keith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2022, the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches will gather in Karlsruhe, Germany, around the theme “Christ’s love moves the world to reconciliation and unity.” Since its 20th‐century beginnings, the modern ecumenical movement has been closely bound up with developments in Germany, not least during the period of the Third Reich. Its early protagonists included the Protestant theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who was executed in 1945 for his resistance to National Socialism. This article considers the theme of the forthcoming WCC assembly in 2022, “Christ's love moves the world to reconciliation and unity,” from the perspective of the life and writings of Bonhoeffer, for whom speaking of reconciliation and unity raises the question of the relationship of the church as the body of Christ to the whole of humanity and the whole created order embraced by the reconciling love of God in Christ.
Thoughts on Ecumenical Dialogue in the Digital Age
Authors: Farrell Brian , Turner Jeanine W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the time of COVID‐19, because of travel and meeting restrictions, all kinds of meetings are taking place through videoconferencing. The global experience of continuing to work while observing social distancing guidelines is slowly removing the technological, normative, and required‐knowledge resistance that during normal circumstances would have hindered the global diffusion of videoconferencing we are now seeing. Videoconferencing is a welcome tool that has provided an opportunity for creating a sense of face‐to‐face interaction during a time when physical presence is often not possible. Nevertheless, this tool can present specific challenges to interpersonal interaction. This article discusses the challenges posed by videoconferencing technology in the specific case of ecumenical dialogue. Churches engaged in ecumenical dialogue need to ask how the search for understanding and agreement can succeed in the era of digital interaction.
Chalcedon on the Road to Justice and Peace
Authors: Smit Peter‐Ben , Suter Adrian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the context of the bilateral dialogue between the Mar Thoma Syrian Church and the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht, the question of Christology – and with that the joint reception of the conciliar tradition of the early church – played an important role, given the “families” of churches that both traditions belong to: “Western Catholic” and “Oriental.” This paper, written from the vantage point of Old Catholic ecumenical theology, analyzes how the topic of (Chalcedonian) Christology was addressed in this dialogue and places it in the context of the broad ecumenical movement. The dialogue focused reception on the content rather than on the wording of patristic convictions. This focus, as well as the willingness to look beyond confessional categories, facilitated a joint understanding of Christology that did justice to both of the traditions involved and was a faithful reflection of the conciliar tradition regarding Christology.
Alternative Strategies in East and West?
Authors: Williamson Roger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article describes church reactions in the two German states in the 1970s to the Programme to Combat Racism of the World Council of Churches (WCC). The decision of the WCC in 1970 to support liberation movements in Southern Africa provoked a conflict between the WCC and the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) in West Germany. The Protestant Churches in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) supported the programme. The EKD sought to develop an alternative strategy based on talks with firms investing in South Africa and support for exclusively nonviolent organizations. The article describes this alternative strategy and its failure. The article reviews the analyses of ecumenist Ernst Lange (1927–74). It comments on South Africa’s transition to democracy and contemporary challenges in the light of the WCC 11th Assembly theme.
Why I Am Not a Public Theologian
Authors: Maluleke Tinyiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInsofar as public theology is one of several contextual theologies in the world that is focused on and limited to specific contexts, its raison d’être may be understandable. But we argue that if or since public theology has ambitions to become a totalizing and global theological methodology – a ready‐made frame to be adapted to and adopted in various contexts – we shall, in this article, unmask and interrogate the unspoken imperial ambitions of global public theology. We will use Black and African theologies to evaluate it. In this article, we argue that the context in which Black and African theologies are done is too important for them to be buried under generalized and seemingly context‐less notions of public theology. To this end, we will sketch a few issues that define the context in which Black and African theologies are being done today. These include doing theology not at the helm but in the shadow of the so‐called Fourth Industrial Revolution, doing theology in the midst of violence, and doing theology in a manner that does not minimize the painful history of the continent of Africa. In closing, we will propose a theological agenda for Black and African theologies at this time.
“No Violence”
Authors: Subklew‐Jeutner Marie Anne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 1948, at the 1st Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Amsterdam, its member churches stated their conviction that “war is contrary to the will of God.” Against this background, this article reviews the history of the debate about peace ethics in the Protestant churches in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It focuses on the issue of conscientious objection and the “the preferential option for nonviolence” expressed in 1989 at the Ecumenical Assembly for Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation in the GDR. The convictions of the Protestant churches in the GDR on peace ethics were formulated under the conditions of “real existing socialism,” the division of Germany, the Cold War, and the nuclear threat. As such, these theologically based testimonies from the past can be applied only to a limited extent to the present challenges of peace ethics. Nevertheless, the central question posed during this time – “What can the church do for peace?” – remains the same and demands theological answers.
Assessing biogeographic survey gaps in bacterial diversity knowledge: A global synthesis of freshwaters
Authors: Veach Allison M. , Troia Matthew J. , Cregger Melissa A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Freshwaters account for 0.8% of Earth's surface area, yet support >10% of known plant and animal species making them disproportionately biodiverse. Modern molecular techniques have begun to reveal microbial diversity, but application of these approaches to address global microbial biogeography is relatively unknown in freshwaters.

Our aim was to identify gaps in microbial data coverage along climatic and landscape disturbance gradients and among terrestrial biomes and hydrographic regions for all freshwater ecosystems and three freshwater habitat types: lakes and reservoirs (lentic); streams and rivers (lotic); and wetlands.

We reviewed literature on microbial diversity in freshwaters surveyed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing which identify microbial taxa. We georeferenced survey locations and used a geographic information system to identify and map gaps in survey coverage using open‐source data for climate, landscape disturbance, terrestrial biomes, and freshwater ecoregions.

We compiled 3,425 georeferenced survey locations reported from 963 studies. Streams were surveyed most frequently (60.8% of survey locations), followed by lakes (33.5%) and wetlands (5.6%). Surveys were concentrated in North America, central and western Europe, and Southeast Asia; 35% of freshwater ecoregions were surveyed at least once across freshwater habitat types, whereas 23%, 23%, and 12% were surveyed at least once for lentic, lotic, and wetland habitat types, respectively. The climatic gap analysis indicated coverage is high for temperate regions but lacking in the tropics and Arctic, particularly for wetland ecosystems.

Our assessment revealed high climatic coverage of freshwater microbial diversity knowledge, but expansive ecoregional gaps attributable to biased sampling near research institutions in North America, western Europe, and China. Future surveys should target ecoregions in Africa, South America, Central Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. An essential next step will be to curate and disseminate sequencing efforts to facilitate the study of processes driving global diversity patterns.
Emotion regulation from infancy to toddlerhood: Individual and group trajectories of full‐term and very‐low‐birthweight preterm infants
Authors: Atkinson Nicole H. , Jean Amélie D. L. , Stack Dale M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdaptive emotion regulation begins with infants operating jointly with their parents to regulate their emotions, which fosters the development of independent regulation. Little is known about when or how this transition occurs, or the impact of factors such as parental availability or premature birth status. The current study examined the use of self‐soothing, attentional distraction, and dyadic regulation in full‐term and healthy very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) preterm infant‐mother dyads at 5 ½, 12, and 18 months of age. At 5 ½ months, dyads participated in the Still‐Face procedure. At 12 and 18 months, dyads participated in two free‐play interactions, a puzzle task, and an interference task. Emotion regulation behaviors were coded using two systematic, observational systems. Results indicated that infants used less self‐soothing and attentional distraction and more dyadic regulation as they aged. Increased use of self‐soothing at earlier ages predicted increased use of dyadic regulation at subsequent ages. Toddlers used more independent, attention‐seeking, and escape behavior during periods of maternal unavailability. There were no significant differences between full‐term and VLBW/preterm toddlers’ emotion regulation behaviors. Results from the current study contribute to the understanding of normative development of emotion regulation and the risk associated with prematurity.
Pretending emotions in the early years: The role of language and symbolic play
Authors: Sidera Francesc , Lillard Angeline S. , Amadó Anna , Caparrós Beatriz , Rostan Carles , Serrat Elisabet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough 3‐year‐old children sometimes simulate emotions to adapt to social norms, we do not know if even younger children can pretend emotions in playful contexts. The present study investigated (1) what emotions infants of 1–2 years old are capable of pretending and (2) the possible role of language and symbolic play in the ability to pretend emotions. The sample included 69 infants aged 18 to 31 months and their parents. Infants were administrated the Test of Pretend Play, and their parents responded to the MacArthur‐Bates CDI‐II inventory, part of the MacArthur‐Bates CDI‐I, and a questionnaire about the expression of pretend emotions. Results suggest that very young children simulate emotions. Furthermore, children's simulation of emotions was related to both symbolic play and language. Specifically, the ability to label emotions was linked to the ability to simulate them. The role of language and symbolic play in the development of the capacity to express and understand pretend emotions is discussed.
Twelve‐month‐old infants’ physiological responses to music are affected by others’ positive and negative reactions
Authors: Fawcett Christine , Kreutz Gunter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfants show remarkable skills for processing music in the first year of life. Such skills are believed to foster social and communicative development, yet little is known about how infants’ own preferences for music develop and whether social information plays a role. Here, we investigate whether the reactions of another person influence infants’ responses to music. Specifically, 12‐month‐olds (N = 33) saw an actor react positively or negatively after listening to clips of instrumental music. Arousal (measured via pupil dilation) and attention (measured via looking time) were assessed when infants later heard the clips without the actor visible. Results showed greater pupil dilation when listening to music clips that had previously been reacted to negatively than those that had been reacted to positively (Exp. 1). This effect was not replicated when a similar, rather than identical, clip from the piece of music was used in the test phase (Exp. 2, N = 35 12‐month‐olds). There were no effects of the actor's positive or negative reaction on looking time. Together, our findings suggest that infants are sensitive to others’ positive and negative reactions not only for concrete objects, such as food or toys, but also for more abstract stimuli including music.