bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The papaya selection based on fruit characters: a way to assembly new preferred variety
Authors: Budiyanti T , Noflindawati  , Prihatini R , Fatria D , Sunyoto  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The recent program for assembly new papaya variety was aimed to improve its quality, which based on consumer preference on papaya fruit characters namely size (small to medium), flesh thickness, flesh color (reddish, orange and chewy), and the taste (sweet). To get that kind of papaya variety, a plant breeding program could be applied to assembly. Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) had conducted several papaya hybridizations in order to obtain a wide genetic variability. The study was carried out in Sumani Experimental Filed of ITFRI, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, and performed to select high-quality papaya hybrids based on the fruit characters. The tested genotypes were selected based on its heritability index on fruit size (length, diameter, and weight), flesh thickness and total dissolved solids (TSS). As the results, six papaya varieties were selected based on fruit character, which mirroring best quality of papaya fruit.
The effect of concentrations and exposure durations of ethylene gas on the respiration rate of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Aprianti S , Bintoro N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ethylene gas is often used in artificial ripening of fruit, including tomato. One of the physical characteristics which is influenced by ethylene application is the respiration rate. This research aimed to find out the effect of ethylene concentrations and exposure durations on the respiration rate of tomato in the ripening process. Ethylene concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 ppm and exposure time durations of 24, 48, and 72 hours were investigated in a 3×3 factorial design with three replications. Selected green mature tomatoes were exposed to ethylene gas, after being exposed were then loaded in the respirometer and stored in ambient room. Oxygen and carbon dioxide changes were monitored until the fruits were ripened. Using three-way repeated measurement analysis, it was found that the interaction effect of the treatments on the respiration rate only significant for time of measurements and exposure time durations (P<0.05). These finding confirmed that exposure duration was important to be considered in the application of ethylene. It could also be reported that exposure duration of 24 hours was significantly different with 48 and 72 hours, whereas these two later exposure time durations were not different.
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methylene blue biosorption by sugar palm dregs
Authors: Hakim H M A , Supartono W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The biosorption of methylene blue onto sugar palm dregs was studied in batch biosorption system to know the equilibrium and kinetics. The operating variables studied were initial of solution pH and biosorbent dose. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for modelling the biosorption equilibrium. The experimental was found that the increase solution pH increased the adsorption capacity from 1.72 mg g−1 at pH 2 to 15.71 mg g−1 at pH 8. The dye removal was from 54% to 93% for an increase in the biosorbent dose from 0.5 gL−1 to 2 gL−1 while adsorption capacity was reduced from 21.75 to 9.3 mg g−1. The equilibrium studied that was well interpreted by the Langmuir model with monolayer sorption capacity (qm) is 23.866 mg g−1. In kinetic studies the fits of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Ritchie and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were investigated. It was obtained that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second order rate kinetics.
Development of short-term evapotranspiration forecasting model using time series method for supporting the precision agriculture management in tropics
Authors: Nugroho A P , Rahayu D E , Sutiarso L , Murtiningrum  , Fallah M A F , Okayasu T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To support daily farm management through the environmental challenges, it is necessary to have short-term evapotranspiration forecasting to predict an n-hour step. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and transpiration from the soil surface and plant tissue that can be used to assess the water loss behaviour in open-field cultivation. The objective of this study was to develop a short-term evapotranspiration forecasting model using the time series method. The model is based on the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The environmental data of air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation were observed at Rejeki Tani Yogyakarta from January to August 2014. The ET was estimated using the FAO56 Penman-Monteith. A suitable parameter of non-seasonal autoregressive order (p), the degree of differencing (d), moving average order (q), and their seasonal parameter (P, D, Q)s were investigated to predict 12-hour ahead of ET. As the result, the suitable parameter was SARIMA(2, 1, 2)(1, 1, 1)24. From the six months model validation with the different monsoons, the MAE and RMSE ranged from 0.035636 to 0.063419, and 0.045893 to 0.079961 respectively. The R2 was between 0.8045 and 0.85902. The developed forecasting model can be used to predict the hourly evapotranspiration with acceptable error and accuracy.
Study of communication in the social interaction between cooperative members and internal elements of the rubber cooperative in Riau province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadani E , Febriamansyah R , Syarfi I W , Yonariza  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Theoretically, social interaction between stakeholders determines the activity of a cooperative. Although there are some interventions made by the government, the number of active cooperative in Riau is limited, including rubber farmer cooperative. This study investigated the social interaction in active and inavtice rubber farmers’ cooperative in two Regencies, Kuantan Singingi and Kampar. Those regencies were selected because they were known as the largest rubber producer in Riau Province. The study samples consisted of 300 people in which 150 persons were from active cooperatives and 150 persons were from the inactive one. The respondents consisted of the members, management, supervisors, and employees. Structured and in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain data from those respondents. There were 14 indicators of communication aspects assessed on the interaction between cooperative members and the cooperative’s internal elements. The results showed that the communication level of active rubber cooperatives was higher than in inactive ones. The main communication problem in the inactive cooperatives was the social interactions between the cooperative members and the cooperative employees which were indicated through 13 indicators. As a result, communication problems affected the activities of rubber cooperatives in Riau Province.
The physical properties of dried-growol produced with different cassava varieties and fermentation time
Authors: Wariyah Ch , Riyanto  , Kanetro B , Windarsih T , Ardiah R N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Growol is a staple food made from cassava and obtained through fermentation process. It is usually produced under 2-3 days fermentation and has been observed to have an intermediate moisture content, so it needs to be dried preserved. The purposed of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of fermented cassava as well as the physical attributes of dried-growol produced using different cassava varieties and fermentation time. This study used local cassava varieties: Martapura, Meni, Ketan, and Lanting; while the fermentation durations were 2 and 4 days. Each variety of fermented cassava was analyzed for moisture content, starch, and amylose and then was steamed for 15 minutes. The fresh growols were dried at 50°C until the moisture content was approximately 10% and then the dried-growols were determined their texture and color. The results showed that cassava variety and fermentation time affected the chemical properties of the fermented cassava as well as the physical attributes of dried-growol. Moreover, the starch content of fermented cassava was found to be between 18.25-34.03% with the highest indicated in Martapura; while amylose content was between 7.50-18.30%. Martapura was observed to have a bright color and a little hard texture.
A study of color development from D-psicose and Methionine Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs)
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Widayat  , Legowo A M , Ranini A A , Setyawan B A , Lestari F P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effect of heating time on the Maillard reaction between D-psicose and methionine to produce Maillard reaction products (MRPs) was investigated. This research was conducted at 50°C under aseptic condition. Color development was determined using chroma meter to obtain the value of L*, a* and b* every hour for 16 hours. The results showed that the elevation clearly appeared in the last heating process as the color changed of L* value was decreased. As conclusion, the heating process of D-psicose and Methionine provide development on color appearance against time of heating. This result may have benefit in food application as seasoning.
The effect of hydrocolloid on stability of Papaya-Pineapple jelly drink during storage
Authors: Handayani I 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPresent study evaluated the effect of hydrocolloid type on the stability of antioxidant activity of papaya-pineapple jelly drink during storage. The antioxidant content of the jelly drink was also evaluated. The research had been performed using randomized block design with two factors, i.e.: types of hydrocolloid (agar and carrageenan) and storage times (0; 1; 2; and 3 weeks). Jelly drink was stored at 7°C in refrigerator. The analysis carried out were total phenolic content, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests. The result showed that increasing of storaged resulted in decreasing of total phenolic content, ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid.
Land suitability evaluation according to agroecological zone information for agricultural commodity development in coastal area of Tegal Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Samijan  , Jauhari S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Agroecological Zone (AEZ) is an information system to determine the potential of land resources. Based on that, the suitability of plants and their land management technology can be identified. The evaluation of land suitability of coastal areas in Tegal District was carried out using matching method between growing requirements for commodities and land characteristics of AEZ data. AEZ identification results show that the coastal area consists of three zones, namely Zone A, alluvial plains with Typic Endoaquepts and Aeric Endoaquepts soil types; Zone B, Fluvio-marine plains with Typic Endoaquepts soil types; and Zone C, coastal areas with Typic Udipsamments soil types. Based on the agroecological characteristics, the coastal area is suitable for crops development and fisheries. The suitable agricultural commodities namely rice, water melon, sugar cane and jasmine, which correspond to class 1 (S1) for zones A and B; red chilies and shallots, class 2 (S2) which is suitable for zones A and B. While zone C is identified as less suitable for food crops or horticulture, due to limiting factors such as poor oxygen availability and poor root conditions.
Effect of botanical insecticides against Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Kardinan A , Maris P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda or Fall Armyworm is an insect pest that highly polyphagous and considered to have greater damage than the other Spodoptera. Two botanical insecticides, i.e. aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) and tuba roots (Derris elliptica) were examined for their effects in mortality (applied by contact and residue) and as a feed reduction. The mortality study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and thirty replications. One replication consists of one larva, then there are thirty larvae in one replication. The results showed that the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf and tuba roots which were applied by contact gave mortality rates as much as 50.0% and 56.7% consecutively, whereas by residual application, the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (40% mortality) was more toxic compared to aqueous extract of tuba root (23.6% mortality). Aqueous tobacco leaf and tuba root caused feeding reduction of FAW as much as 12.30% and 21.53%, respectively. This showed that these insecticides have potential to be used in the field by farmers because of its has simple preparation method.
Growth analysis of some maize cultivars on weedy condition
Authors: Rahayu M , Yudono P , Indradewa D , Hanudin E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research purpose was to study the influence of weed on the growth process of some maize cultivars. It was held from March to July 2016 in Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarata and Plant Production Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. The experiment design was split plot based on randomized complete block design. The corn cultivars as the main plot consisted of Bisi 18, Bisi 2, Pertiwi 3, NK 22, NK 33, DK 959, DK 771, DK 95, P 23, Bima 19 uri, Bisma, and Sukmaraga while the presence of weed as a sub-plot consisted of non-weedy and weedy. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of 5 % significant. The results showed that there was an interaction between maize cultivar and weed presence to the leaf area index and specific leaf weight on 6 week after planting (WAP). Weed did not decrease net assimilation rate on 4-6 WAP and 6-8 MST. Weed also did not decrease specific leaf weight. Weed reduced leaf area index and biomass dry weight on 6 and 8 WAP and crop growth rate on 4-6 WAP and 6-8 WAP. DK 771 and Sukmaraga produced the highest dry weight.
The fat content and the preferences of salted duck egg enriched with black and white pepper
Authors: Suretno N D , Novitasari E , Rivaie A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the fat content and the preferences of salted duck egg enriched with black and white pepper. The experimental was designed as completely randomized design with 2 factors. First factor was concentration of black and white pepper (10%, 15% and 20%), while the second factor was length of salting period which are 7 and 10 days. Fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method, and the product preferences was determined by using hedonic scale test. The preference test was done at white egg and yolk color, taste of saltiness, aroma and gritty texture. Results showed that, fat content of salted duck egg with pepper addition tend to decrease along with the duration of immersion. According to the preferences test, salted duck egg at 20% black and white pepper were mostly preferred at 10 and 7 days salting period, respectively.
The effect of steaming time and types of cocoa powder on the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder made using batch-type steam jet agglomerator
Authors: Hardiyanto Y F , Saputro A D , Nurkholisa Z , Setiyadi P A , Bintoro N , Kusuma R A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cocoa drink is a beverage product made from cocoa powder. However, more effort is needed in its manufacture to dissolve the cocoa powder because the fat content of cocoa powder is quite high. Agglomeration process with steam is one of the methods to produce cocoa powder that dissolves easily in water. This research aimed to examine the effect of cocoa powder, and steaming time on cocoa drink powder characteristics. Two types of cocoa powder were used, namely C cocoa powder dan P cocoa powder. Five steaming times, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes were applied. The results showed that types of cocoa powder and steaming duration as well as their interaction influenced the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder. After the agglomeration and drying process, cocoa drink powder exhibited the following physical characteristics: higher solubility value, lower dispersibility value, lower moisture content, lower L* values, higher a* values, lower b* values.
Business identification of upland rice farming in Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rosyad A , Dharmawan B , Putri D D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Upland is one of the agroecosystems that has great potential for agricultural business of both food crops, horticulture, and annual crops. Ajibarang is one of the Banyumas’ sub district which has approximately 70% of upland area and the rest is rainfed rice field. The success factor of upland rice farming is influenced by the farmer’s ability to manage production factors into a profitable business and sustained. This study was aimed to identify the efficiency and its profitability of rice farming business in upland area of Banyumas district. Data were collected using survey method. Simple random sampling technique was done and 51 farmers were selected. Based on the data analysis, we found the average income of farmers was Rp989,817.55/production process with revenue cost ratio is 1.36. The role of community institutions in upland rice farming was very important. Farmers can improve their productivity and increase their income by expanding the cultivation area for upland rice. The rice cultivation in upland area is also suitable for rainfed land.
Growth and yield responses of three maize varieties toward fertilizing package at dry land in Aceh province
Authors: Asis  , Pakpahan L E , Ferayanti F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aceh is one of the centers for hybrid maize production with an area of 47,160 ha and a production of 205,125 tons. Increased production of maize can be achieved by applying technological components, including the use of superior varieties and recommendations for fertilization and spacing to obtain maximum results. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of growth and yield of three high yielding varieties of hybrid maize to the fertilization package. This research was conducted from July to October 2019 in Bireun District, Aceh Province. The research used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and for each treatment 15 plants were assigned as samples. The first factor is the variety (V), namely V1: Pioner 32; V2: Bima 19, and V3: Bima 20. The second factor is the fertilizer package (P) which consists of 2 (two) levels: P1 (recommendation) (urea 270 kg / ha, NPK 400 kg / ha, KCl 50 kg / ha); P2 (specific location) (urea 150 kg / ha, SP-36 75 kg / ha, NPK 300 kg / ha). The results showed that the Bima 20 variety with the recommended fertilizer package gave the highest production of 8.03 ton/ha.
The family welfare of horticulture farmers: case in Pegalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java
Authors: Hapsari H , Wulandari E , Suminartika E , Karyani T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bandung Regency is a sizeable horticultural supplier for West Java and DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Horticultural farming faces the constraints of expensive input prices and price fluctuations. This can reduce the welfare of farmers. This study aims to determine the welfare level of horticulture farmers families in Pengalengan Sub-District, Bandung Regency, from June-September 2019. The research method is a survey. Respondents were taken 10 % of the population, i.e., as many as 92 farmers families. The welfare level is measured based on eleven BPS indicators, namely income, expenses, living conditions, housing facilities, household member health, the ease of obtaining health services, the ease in education services, and obtaining transportation facilities, religious life, taste safe, and exercise ease. The poor criteria according to World Bank standard is family expenses of less than 1.9 USD per capita per day. The results show that average income was IDR 9,400,000 per capita per year. The average expenses were IDR 7,283,743 per capita per year. All of the respondents are categorized as non-poor and in the high welfare category.
Biomass growth of red spinach in plant-factory system under three kinds of LED light sources
Authors: Ardiansyah  , Hardanto A , Sumarni E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research is trying to observe the effect of different light sources on red spinach (Amaranthus Tricolor L) plant. Plant-factories were installed and divided into three compartments. Each compartment was given three light sources: Red-Blue LED (R-B), Multi-Color LED (M-C), and White LED (W). The energy of each light sources R-B, M-C, and W were 192 Watt, 92 Watt, and 8 Watt, respectively. The research took place on March 2018 in the Agriculture Technology Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. The growth parameters measured were plant height, biomass, and number of leaves. Results showed that there was significant difference of growth parameters of treatment R-B compared to treatment M-C, and W. Shierary Model were used to study the mechanism of growth parameter difference. The model used the input of radiation energy of light sources that were affected by leaves development, that called the intercepted radiation. The result of the model showed that the intercepted radiation influenced the growth parameters. Treatment R-B, which generates commonly used light wave for photosynthetic, caused better plant growth. The influence of the heat emerged from the light sources were seemed to create better micro-climate for photosynthesis.
Impact of vibration on the quality of tomato produced by stimulated transport
Authors: Al-Dairi M , Pathare P B , Al-Mahdouri A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the potential effect of vibration stress during stimulated transport and to evaluate the effect of storage’s temperature and duration on weight loss, color changes, firmness, and total soluble solid of tomatoes. Vibration shaker was used to simulate the transport vibration and accelerometer was fixed on different locations inside the container. Tomatoes were divided into 2 groups where the first one stressed for 2 hrs at the frequency of 2.5Hz and the other was not vibrated as a control. All tomatoes were stored at 10 and 22°C for 10 days. Weight loss, color changes, and firmness total soluble solids (TSS) were measured. RGB acquisition system was used to measure color changes on tomato and then analysed by ImageJ software. Lightness, redness, yellowness, purity, saturation, color change and some color indices of tomato were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse all obtained data. This research proves that the color, weight, firmness and total soluble solids of tomato altered by the vibration stresses and storage’s temperature and duration. Advanced methods and technologies need to be studied regarding temperature storage managements and transportation facilities to reduce the rapid changes of the quality.
The thickness of the microcapsule layers of the SPI nanofibrils
Authors: Warji W , Purwanti N , Mardjan S S , Yuliani S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multilayer microcapsules are micro-sized capsules composed of several layers. Multilayer microcascules can be made from Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) nanofibrils using the Layer by Layer (LbL) method. The thickness of the microcapsule layer is one of the physical characteristics that need to be studied for the application of multilayer microcapsules in the fields of health, food, industry and agriculture. The thickness of the microcapsule layer can be determined based on the diameter of the microcapsule layer. This study examines the thickness of each layer of multilayer microcapsule made from SPI nanofibrils. The diameter of the microcapsules can be measured using a zetasizer. The measurement results of the microcapsule layer diameter showed that the diameter of the second, fifth, and seventh layers were 9,703 nm, 12,450 nm, and 12,890 nm, respectively. The equation of the microcapsule layer diameter to the number of microcapsule layers was y = 658.73x + 8,603.9 with the value of R2 = 0.92. The average thickness of the microcapsule layer is 604.45 nm.