bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement on storage stability of iron‐fortified soybean powder by microencapsulation
Authors: Zhang Kun , Yao Xiaolin , Gao Yujing , Liu Ning , Qiu Jie , Li Shuai , Liu Xin , He Yating 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFull‐fat soybean powder was a more difficult‐to‐fortify food vehicle than cereal flour and powdered milk products because of a large quantity of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly when iron was necessary to be fortified. Minimizing oxidation of lipids was extremely valuable in the fortified‐food industry. However, very limited data were available on the effect of microencapsulation of iron compounds on lipid oxidation in full‐fat soybean powder. In our study, ferric pyrophosphate (FP) was microencapsulated by the emulsifying‐gelation technique and its effect on the storage stability of Yingyangbao (YYB) was evaluated. The results showed that microencapsulated FP (MFP) was regularly spherical and uniformly distributed. MFP could significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the sensory score of rancid odor for YYB. The formation of lipid oxidation products such as carbonyl compounds, malondialdehyde, pentanal, and hexanal in YYB during the accelerated test was significantly retarded, improving oxidative stability and delaying the sensory deterioration. The E‐nose analysis showed that YYB with MFP had significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of response values on the specific sensors than YYB containing FP with or without ascorbyl palmitate. MFP could significantly (P < 0.05) improve the sensory and oxidative stability of iron‐fortified full‐fat soybean powder such as YYB.
Stress‐induced escalation of alcohol self‐administration, anxiety‐like behavior, and elevated amygdala Avp expression in a susceptible subpopulation of rats
Authors: Barchiesi Riccardo , Chanthongdee Kanat , Domi Esi , Gobbo Francesco , Coppola Andrea , Asratian Anna , Toivainen Sanne , Holm Lovisa , Augier Gaelle , Xu Li , Augier Eric , Heilig Markus , Barbier Estelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComorbidity between alcohol use and anxiety disorders is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer treatment outcomes than either of the conditions alone. There is a well‐known link between stress and the development of these disorders, with post‐traumatic stress disorder as a prototypic example. Post‐traumatic stress disorder can arise as a consequence of experiencing traumatic events firsthand and also after witnessing them. Here, we used a model of social defeat and witness stress in rats, to study shared mechanisms of stress‐induced anxiety‐like behavior and escalated alcohol self‐administration. Similar to what is observed clinically, we found considerable individual differences in susceptibility and resilience to the stress. Both among defeated and witness rats, we found a subpopulation in which exposure was followed by emergence of increased anxiety‐like behavior and escalation of alcohol self‐administration. We then profiled gene expression in tissue from the amygdala, a key brain region in the regulation of stress, alcohol use, and anxiety disorders. When comparing “comorbid” and resilient socially defeated rats, we identified a strong upregulation of vasopressin and oxytocin, and this correlated positively with the magnitude of the alcohol self‐administration and anxiety‐like behavior. A similar trend was observed in comorbid witness rats. Together, our findings provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms underpinning the comorbidity of escalated alcohol self‐administration and anxiety‐like behavior.
Incidence, survival and stage at diagnosis of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours in Queensland, Australia, 2001‐2015
Authors: Wyld David , Moore Julie , Tran Nancy , Youl Philippa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimMultiple studies have observed increasing incidence of small intestinal (SI) neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). The aim of this study was to describe incidence, mortality and survival of SI NETs by sub‐site and stage at diagnosis.MethodsData on patients diagnosed with SI NETs between 2001 and 2015 were sourced from the Queensland Oncology Repository. Staging algorithms utilising several data sources were used to calculate stage at diagnosis (localised, regional or metastatic disease).ResultsWe identified 778 SI NETs and of those 716 (92%) had either a documented or derived stage. Incidence doubled from 0.68 per 100 000 to 1.42 per 100 000 over the 15‐year period. Most common site was ileum (49.1%) and 84.2% were of carcinoid morphology type. Stage at diagnosis was calculated for 91.7% of patients with 28.3% presenting with regional involvement and 23.9% with distant metastasis. Risk factors associated with metastatic disease were jejunal and SI site not otherwise specified, neuroendocrine carcinoma histology and residing in a rural area. Increasing incidence of localised disease and a corresponding reduction in metastatic disease was observed over time. Five‐year cause‐specific survival for patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2005 was 82.5%, increasing to 93.8% from 2011 to 2015. Survival was lowest for those with metastatic disease (74.2%). Survival increased between 2001 to 2005 and 2011 to 2015 for each disease stage.ConclusionsSI NET incidence in Queensland doubled between 2001 and 2015. Survival was high and improved over time.
A prospective phase II study of raltitrexed combined with S‐1 as salvage treatment for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Mingzhu , Yang Yue , Zhu Xiaodong , Chen Zhiyu , Zhang Wen , Wang Chenchen , Zhang Xiaowei , Qiu Lixin , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Xiaoying , Li Wenhua , Wang Yusheng , Guo Weijian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimA third‐line chemotherapy regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is not available in China. Studies have shown that raltitrexed or S‐1 has no complete cross‐resistance with fluorouracil (5‐FU). In this phase II study, we prospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of raltitrexed combined with S‐1 (RS regimen) in the treatment of mCRC after the failure of conventional chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 105 patients with mCRC with progression following treatment with 5‐FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan were enrolled between November 2015 and May 2019. Patients received intravenous infusion of raltitrexed (3 mg/m2 from day 1 every 3 weeks) and oral S‐1 (80‐120 mg for 14 days every 3 weeks). Tumor evaluations were performed every two cycles according to the RECIST 1.1 guidelines.ResultsIn the intention‐to‐treat patients, the objective response and disease control rates were 7.62% and 48.57%, respectively. The median progression‐free survival and median overall survival were 2.5 and 8.0 months, respectively. Common adverse events included neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea, while neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia nausea, diarrhea, skin eruption, and oral ulceration had grade 3 or higher adverse events. Subgroup analysis revealed that primary site or gene mutation status had little influence on the RS regimen efficacy, while the baseline albumin level, 5‐FU administration in second‐line therapy, and number of previous treatment regimens affected the efficacy.ConclusionThe RS regimen demonstrated favorable effects in patients with mCRC following failure of standard chemotherapy, and could be a new choice for third‐line treatment, and must be verified in future randomized clinical trials (Clinical trial: NCT02618356).
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics along the optic nerve in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a retrospective computed tomographic cisternography study
Authors: Xue Hai , Zhang Zheng , Yang Zhijun , Bi Zhiyong , Wang Xingchao , Liu Pinan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeSpontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is related to intracranial pressure (ICP) and dynamic changes. This study investigated CSF dynamics along the optic nerve (ON) in patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea.MethodsThe computed tomographic (CT) cisternographies of 66 patients (132 eyes) with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea were analysed. The contrast‐loaded CSF (CLCSF) density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) at three regions of interest (ROIs) along the ON and adjusted by the basal cistern density. The CLCSF density and ON sheath diameter (ONSD) were analysed between both sides in the different ICP groups.ResultsWhen comparing the density of CLCSF along the ON, no significant differences were found between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the leakage. The distribution of CLCSF along the ON showed a highly significant density reduction from the canalicular segment to the bulbar segment on both sides. The CLCSF density significantly decreased on the ipsilateral ON in the canalicular segment and tended to decrease on the ipsilateral ON in the bulbar and canal segments compared with that on the contralateral ON in the low‐ICP group. The ONSD tended to decrease on the ipsilateral side of leakage.ConclusionsAccording to the CLCSF density on CT cisternography, CSF dynamics along the ON may bilaterally decrease from the optic canal to the retrobulbar segment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are possibly influenced by differences in ICP, and a lower ICP may cause more obvious differences or impairments in CSF dynamics along the ipsilateral ON.
The link between individualism–collectivism and life satisfaction among emerging adults from four countries
Authors: Germani Alessandro , Delvecchio Elisa , Li Jian‐Bin , Lis Adriana , Nartova‐Bochaver Sofya K. , Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Mazzeschi Claudia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current investigation tested life satisfaction (LS), a cognitive component of subjective well‐being, among emerging adults, in the context of individualism (I) and collectivism (C), by distinguishing both cultural and individual levels of analysis, considering their horizontal (H) and vertical (V) dimensions, and controlling age and gender effects. Emerging adults (N = 1760 university students, aged 18–25,Mage = 19.46, SDag = 1.50) located across four countries, namely China, Italy, Russia, and the USA, known to differ in the individualism index value (IDV), completed measures on the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism and Life Satisfaction. At the cultural level, an ANCOVA showed a significant country effects on LS. The post hoc comparisons indicated that the higher the country IDV score, the higher the average LS score, in the following order: Americans, Italians, Russians, and Chinese. At the individual level, LS was unrelated to HI and VI. Instead, it was associated with HC and VC. The positive link between LS and VC suggested an important role of family connectedness on LS across different cultures during emerging adulthood. However, contrary to previous studies, LS was unrelated to HI and VI.
Transperineal minimally invasive abdominoperineal excision for rectal cancer based on anatomical analysis of the muscular structure
Authors: Hamabe Atsushi , Okita Kenji , Nishidate Toshihiko , Okuya Koichi , Akizuki Emi , Sato Yu , Ishii Masayuki , Miura Ryo , Korai Takahiro , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransperineal minimally invasive abdominoperineal excision (TpAPE) may help minimize surgical invasiveness and make it possible to perform two‐team surgery, although this procedure is regarded as difficult. The anatomical structures are complicated and have not been clearly defined, particularly on the anterior side of the anorectal junction in men. We investigated the anatomical configuration around the anterior wall of the anorectal junction, focusing on the structure of the striated muscles, to establish a standard procedure for TpAPE.MethodsWe scrutinized the T2‐weighted MRI scans of 106 men, and two male cadavers were used to examine the muscular structure surrounding the anorectal junction. We established our standardized procedure for TpAPE based on these anatomical studies. We also analyzed the clinicopathological findings from five men who had undergone TpAPE at our institution.ResultsUsing MRI, we detected band‐like muscles bilaterally, just medial to the puborectal muscle in all analyzed patients, which we termed the rectal anterolateral muscle. We also detected the muscles that may correspond to the rectal anterolateral muscle when inspecting the cadavers. The standardized TpAPE procedures were carried out uneventfully for the five cases, and intraoperative complications such as urethral injury and inadvertent rectal perforation did not occur.ConclusionWe standardized the TpAPE procedure based on anatomical examination of the muscular structure around the anal canal. The findings can contribute to safe implementation of TpAPE.
Geostatistical modeling of positive‐definite matrices: An application to diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Lan Zhou , Reich Brian J. , Guinness Joseph , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Ma Liangsuo , Moeller F. Gerard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeostatistical modeling for continuous point‐referenced data has extensively been applied to neuroimaging because it produces efficient and valid statistical inference. However, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a neuroimaging technique characterizing the brain's anatomical structure, produces a positive‐definite (p.d.) matrix for each voxel. Currently, only a few geostatistical models for p.d. matrices have been proposed because introducing spatial dependence among p.d. matrices properly is challenging. In this paper, we use the spatial Wishart process, a spatial stochastic process (random field), where each p.d. matrix‐variate random variable marginally follows a Wishart distribution, and spatial dependence between random matrices is induced by latent Gaussian processes. This process is valid on an uncountable collection of spatial locations and is almost‐surely continuous, leading to a reasonable way of modeling spatial dependence. Motivated by a DTI data set of cocaine users, we propose a spatial matrix‐variate regression model based on the spatial Wishart process. A problematic issue is that the spatial Wishart process has no closed‐form density function. Hence, we propose an approximation method to obtain a feasible Cholesky decomposition model, which we show to be asymptotically equivalent to the spatial Wishart process model. A local likelihood approximation method is also applied to achieve fast computation. The simulation studies and real data application demonstrate that the Cholesky decomposition process model produces reliable inference and improved performance, compared to other methods.
ASK1 suppresses NK cell‐mediated intravascular tumor cell clearance in lung metastasis
Authors: Fujimoto Makoto , Kamiyama Miki , Fuse Kosuke , Ryuno Hiroki , Odawara Takeru , Furukawa Natsuki , Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Watabe Tetsuro , Prchal‐Murphy Michaela , Sexl Veronika , Tahara Hideaki , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Sato Takehiro , Takeda Kohsuke , Naguro Isao , Ichijo Hidenori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTumor metastasis is the leading cause of death worldwide and involves an extremely complex process composed of multiple steps. Our previous study demonstrated that apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) deficiency in mice attenuates tumor metastasis in an experimental lung metastasis model. However, the steps of tumor metastasis regulated by ASK1 remain unclear. Here, we showed that ASK1 deficiency in mice promotes natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated intravascular tumor cell clearance in the initial hours of metastasis. In response to tumor inoculation, ASK1 deficiency upregulated immune response‐related genes, including interferon‐gamma (IFNγ). We also revealed that NK cells are required for these anti‐metastatic phenotypes. ASK1 deficiency augmented cytokine production chemoattractive to NK cells possibly through induction of the ligand for NKG2D, a key activating receptor of NK cells, leading to further recruitment of NK cells into the lung. These results indicate that ASK1 negatively regulates NK cell‐dependent anti‐tumor immunity and that ASK1‐targeted therapy can provide a new tool for cancer immunotherapy to overcome tumor metastasis.
Modeling and verifying a resource allocation algorithm for secure service migration for commercial cloud systems
Authors: Karthick Gayathri , Mapp Glenford , Kammueller Florian , Aiash Mahdi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCloud computing is the delivery of on‐demand computing resources. It shares the resources or provides vir‐utilization that enables single user to access various Cloud services such as CPU, memory, storage devices, network, and so on. However, more commercial cloud services offered by several cloud service providers (CSPs) are available in the market place. Most CSPs must, therefore, deal with the dynamic resource allocation where the mobile services are migrating from one cloud to another cloud environment to provide heterogeneous resources based on user needs. There is still a lack of heuristics that are able to check requested resources and available resources to allocate and deallocate before it begins the secure service migration. We proposed a resource allocation security protocol that allows resources to be allocated and migrated efficiently in a secure service migration between cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, formal methods can be used for protocols to verify the desired properties, detecting attacks and producing accurate outcomes. This article presents formal modeling and verification of this abstract protocol using ProVerif cryptographic tool to validate the security properties such as secrecy of resources, authentication from both parties and key exchange in order to securely migrate resources in commercial cloud environments.
The unrealized potential of community science to support research on the resilience of protected areas
Authors: Binley Allison D. , Proctor Caitlyn A. , Pither Richard , Davis Sierra A. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo remain effective into the future, protected areas must be resilient to change. Evaluating the resilience of protected areas requires data across large spatial and temporal scales, which has proven to be a strength of community science in conservation research. Here, we assess the contributions of community science to different topics of protected area research and identify gaps where community science can be used more effectively. We performed a literature search aimed at capturing the research on resilient protected area design and management, then used Latent Dirichlet Allocation to model the topics represented in this corpus. Once topics were established, we searched for evidence of community science being used in each publication. Our analysis showed that there are five main areas of focus in resilient protected area research: biodiversity, climate change, connectivity, resources and ecosystem services, and social governance. We found limited evidence in the literature of community science directly assisting research in these areas. Community science has proven effective for extensive and cost‐effective data collection in other situations; therefore, we recommend ways in which conservation managers and researchers can incorporate community science in the design and management of resilient protected areas.
Prediction model of isolated iliac and abdominal aneurysms
Authors: Lanzarone Ettore , Finotello Alice , Pane Bianca , Pratesi Giovanni , Palombo Domenico , Conti Michele , Spinella Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe analyse the cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing screening for Isolated Iliac Aneurysm (IIA) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) and propose a logistic regression model to indicate patients at risk of IIA and/or AAA.MethodsA screening programme was carried out to identify the presence of aneurysm based on Duplex scan examination. Cardiovascular risk factors information was collected from each subject. A descriptive analysis for the incidence of IIA and AAA stratified by age and sex was carried out to evaluate factors incidence. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of developing an aneurysm based on the observed risk factor levels. A threshold probability of aneurysm risk for a datum patient was also identified to effectively direct screening protocols to patients most at risk.ResultsA cohort of 10 842 patients was evaluated: 1.52% affected by IIA, 2.69% by AAA and 3.90% by at least one. Risk factors analysis showed that: IIA was correlated with cardiological status, diabetes, cardiovascular disease family history, and dyslipidaemia; AAA was correlated with cardiological status, body mass index, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia; diabetes and dyslipidaemia were the most relevant factors with at least one aneurysm. The prediction tool based on the logistic regression and the threshold probability predict the presence of IIA and AAA in 69.7% and 83.8% of cases, under k‐fold cross‐validation.ConclusionsThe proposed regression model can represent a valid aid to predict IIA and AAA presence and to select patients to be screened.
How credit constraints affect small and medium enterprises' strategic employment decisions and employees' labour outcomes: Evidence from Vietnam1
Authors: Bach Thang , Harvie Charles , Le Thanh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study makes use of rich firm‐level and linked firm‐employee datasets that span the 2009–2015 period in Vietnam to examine how SMEs' credit constraints affect their strategic employment decisions and employees' labour outcomes. Our results show that constrained SMEs enlarge total employment by employing relatively more temporary workers and paying their employees relatively lower wages than unconstrained borrowing firms. Meanwhile, discouraged firms, mostly informal businesses, do not behave differently from unconstrained counterparts. In order to maintain a stable employment portfolio, discouraged firms are relatively more willing to reward their employees with an overtime payment.
Dynamics of the seasonal migration of Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814) and implications for the Lake Ontario food web
Authors: Pennuto Christopher M. , Mehler Knut , Weidel Brian , Lantry Brian F , Bruestle Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeasonal migrations of fish populations can have large effects on lake nutrient budgets and food web dynamics, but the addition of a migrating non‐native species may alter these dynamics. The Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) arrived in Lake Ontario (USA/Canada) about 20 years ago with a documented history of annual offshore–inshore migrations in its native range. Here we combined nearshore, fixed‐plot video with offshore trawl data to document the annual migration of this population over multiple years. This behaviour was correlated with seasonal, nearshore temperature changes. The population size structure and mean fish length of returning fish were smaller than those of out‐migrating fish. The out‐migrating population contained an estimated 37.7 metric tonnes of phosphorous; and we estimated roughly 20 metric tonnes were translocated to and remained in offshore waters over the winter months, representing an important nutrient subsidy to a variety of offshore piscivorous fish. Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) have incorporated Round Goby extensively into their diet and consume a size range of fish matching the size range of missing Round Goby that fail to return to the nearshore. We conclude Round Goby are an important prey within the food web of Lake Ontario and translocate roughly 6.5% of the monthly total phosphorous load entering from surface waters. Further investigations of the nutrient content, population size structure and fate of migrating Round Goby in Lake Ontario are warranted to clarify the extent of this prey and nutrient subsidy in ongoing assessments of lake condition.