bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Medical Students’ Preferred Teaching Methods: A Study at the National Defense University of Malaysia
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin , Reddy Sagili Chandrasekhara 
Published: May 2021

Background: Providing appropriate teachings in the curriculum have a great impact on learning by the students.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical undergraduate medical students’ preferred teaching methods provided by the medical educators.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 89 medical students in the 4th and 5th year of the Faculty of Medicine and Defense Health, National Defense University of Malaysia, from 1st November 2019 to 31st July 2020. Each of the students was approached with a structured questionnaire for their responses to determine their preferred teaching methods.
Results: Out of 89 students, 46 were male (51.7%); the mean age of the study students was 23.5 years. Among the various teaching methods, bedside teaching was the most preferred (76.4%) one followed by lectures (14.6%), tutorials (7.9%) and seminars (1.1%). 66.3% of students would use e-learnings’ uploaded teaching materials, whereas the remainder would not. Bedside demonstrations of clinical skills by the tutors were preferred by 77.5% of students. Practicing clinical skills by the students on a real patient rather than on a mannequin or a simulated patient was preferred by 94.4% of students. Regarding case discussions, problem-based learnings (PBL) were preferred by 80% of students.
Conclusions: Bedside teachings, demonstrations of clinical skill by a teacher, practicing skills by the students on a real patient rather than on a simulated patient or a mannequin, and PBLs are highly preferred by the students. Adequate teaching materials uploaded in the e-learning management system provide a good source for the teachings and learnings.
Removal of Silicon Oil from the Vitreous Cavity via the Anterior Chamber. Eight Years of the Author’s Experiences
Authors: Cywinski Adam 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate usefulness and safety of removal of silicone oil from the vitreous cavity via the anterior chamber.
Methods: The procedures were performed between 2012 and 2020 in 31 patients who required endotamponade with the use of light silicone oils. In most of the patients, the procedure was combined with cataract removal, secondary lens implantation or transscleral fixation of an artificial lens. A passive bimanual technique was used to replace silicone oil with fluid.
Results: The procedure to remove silicon oil via the anterior chamber proceeded without serious intra- and postoperative complications. There were no hypotony observed in first postoperative day.
Conclusion: Patients eligible for the procedure are those who have preoperative indications for silicone oil removal and whose removal path via the anterior chamber is not associated with a special need to remove the lens from the eye.
Influence of Having Breakfast on Happiness and Attention-Concentration among High School Students
Authors: Irfan S. Marriyah , Irfan S. Fatima 
Published: May 2021

Background: Healthful nutrition has a positive connection with both physical and mental health. Breakfast is often considered as the most important meal of the day. Despite the benefits, skipping the morning meal is highly prevalent among adolescents. Healthy eating has an effect on happiness and concentration but a firm connection has not been established. Breakfast skipping can be a factor and a gap in the literature exists in this regard. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between eating breakfast, happiness and attention concentration among high school students.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a convenient sampling strategy was used to select the students from an International school located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The 29-item Oxford Happiness Questionnaire along with demographic variables was employed as research instrument. Chi-square test, student t-test and ANOVA were used to compare different categorical variables.
Results: The overall Happiness mean score was 3.621 ± 0.6637. Students who were regular at having breakfast every day had higher happiness mean scores. Overall, 40% of the participants reported to have decreased concentration/attentiveness during the first 4 lectures at school. Majority (55%) of the breakfast skippers were distracted in the lessons. A regular breakfast eating habit was found to be significantly associated with happiness (p=0.04) and concentration during lectures (p=0.04) respectively. Majority of the students had insufficient physical activity (72%) and had experienced stress (88%) in the last six months respectively. The prevalence of being overweight/ obese among breakfast skippers was higher (39%) than was in breakfast consumers (26%).
Conclusion: Eating breakfast was associated with higher happiness scores and better concentration among high school students. An alarmingly high prevalence of stress among students is a cause of concern. Schools should start breakfast eating programs and promote physical activity to reduce stress. Future studies are needed to explore the factors associated with stress.
Caesarean Section in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria: A 3-year Review
Authors: Allagoa Dennis O. , Oriji Peter C. , Tekenah Ebiye S. , Obagah Lukman , Ohaeri Onyekachi S. , Mbah Kanayochukwu M. , Ikoro Chima , Wagio Tonebimonyo J. , Nwanze Nnamdi C. , Atemie Gordon 
Published: May 2021

Background: Caesarean section is the delivery of the foetus, placenta, and foetal membranes through an incision on the abdominal and uterine walls after the age of foetal viability. It is a life-saving surgical procedure, which has helped reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality over the years.
Objective: To determine the rates, indications, outcomes, and complications of Caesarean section at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2020. It was a retrospective study.
Data was retrieved from the labour ward records, delivery register, theatre records, and patients’ folders during the period under review, and entered into a pre-designed proforma.
Data were analysed with IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.
Results: About 959 women had Caesarean section (CS) out of 2,263 deliveries, giving a Caesarean section rate of 42.4%. The commonest indication for emergency Caesarean section was cephalopelvic disproportion (36.0%), while that for elective Caesarean section was repeat Caesarean section (19.6%).
Conclusion: The Caesarean section rate in our Centre is extremely high, almost three times the acceptable upper limit set by the WHO. Encouraging vaginal birth after Caesarean section as a means to reduce this high rate is recommended as it was noted that previous Caesarean section was a leading indication for surgeries.
Gastric Cancer Case with Skin Metastases and Scleroderma-like Paraneoplastic Rheumatic Syndrome
Authors: Lavrinovica Alisa , Gasenko Evita , Plate Signe 
Published: May 2021

In this case report, we will describe a gastric cancer case, which presented with rare manifestation of skin metastases and unrelated to the mechanical impact of distant metastases scleroderma-like paraneoplastic rheumatic syndrome.
72-year-old woman was referred to hospital with complaints gradual during the time period of one year. Skin changes included - thickening, dermal induration mostly seen on her upper body – arms, neck, face, chest and abdominal wall, causing contracture and limited movements. In the area of her upper arms, neck and upper part of her chest multiple small, painless, hard subcutaneous nodules were present and hyperpigmentation in the neck area. There were no signs of Raynaud’s phenomenon, telangiectasia, alopecia, hypopigmentation or muscle weakness and pain. Upon further examination and multiple biopsies (gastric and skin nodules) poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma was confirmed with peritoneal dissemination, ascites, cutaneous, subcutaneous metastasis and scleroderma-like paraneoplastic syndrome. After systemic treatment for gastric cancer patient showed improvement of paraneoplastic syndrome manifestations, quality of life and radiologically stable disease.
Measuring Stress Experienced by University Students
Authors: Istasy Marco , Elias Rana , Raheb Maria , Cernovsky Zack 
Published: May 2021

Background: University students often report feeling intense stress, high anxiety, depressive feelings, low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse. This study presents a new questionnaire measure of student stress consisting of 30 items to investigate the symptoms of stress and potentially protective factors.
Method: A total of 100 Canadian university students (mean age 20.2 years, SD=2.5, 33 males, 67 females) participated in an internet survey. They all completed our 30 item questionnaire dealing with the perceived stress of studying and exams, and with symptoms such as nightmares, depression, feelings of “being better off dead,” low self-esteem, and with potentially protective factors such as the extent of positive attitude to professors and pride in or contentment with the social status as a university student.
Results: High proportions of students reported feeling, at least at times, better off dead (52%). About a half of them felt that most professors do not seem to like them (56%) and many reported nightmares about exams (53%). Lower perceived levels of student stress were associated with more positive feelings towards the professors (r=-.37) and with more pride in being a university student and the contentment with the related social status (r=-.25). The Cronbach alpha coefficient of internal consistency of our questionnaire was .87, i.e., satisfactory.
Discussion: The high prevalence of nightmares about exams, feeling of “being better off dead,” or of not being liked by the professors is worrisome. Positive relations towards the professors or pride in or contentment about being a university student function as statistically significant but only weak and hence insufficient protective factors.
Conclusions: More than 50% of students reported nightmares about exams, feeling of “being better off dead,” or of not being liked by the professors. Further research is needed to evaluate correlates of student stress to other protective factors than those explored in the present study.
Validation of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) on Patients Injured in Car Accidents
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Fattahi Milad , Litman Larry C. , Diamond David M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), is presently the most widely used psychological measure of PTSD along the criteria of DSM-5. We examined the criterion validity of PCL-5 separately for each of its 20 items by comparing scores of patients injured in high impact motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) to scores of persons in a control group. In addition, we evaluated criterion and convergent validity of the PCL-5 total scores.
Method: De-identified data of 80 post-MVA patients (mean age 38.9 years, SD=12.8) included their scores on the PCL-5, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), ratings of depression, anger, and anxiety (Items 10 to 12 of the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire), and three questionnaire measures of driving anxiety (Steiner’s, Whetstone’s, and DAQ). The patients were assessed, on the average, 49.7 weeks (SD=36.3) after their MVA, but all still experienced active post-MVA symptoms requiring therapy.
The PCL-5 scores were also available from 21 controls (mean age 43.0 years, SD=20.3).
Results and Discussion: With respect to criterion validity of the PCL-5, the post-MVA patients differed significantly from the control group not only with respect to their total PCL-5 scores, but also on all 20 individual items of the PCL-5, and also on all 4 subscales of PCL-5 (Intrusion, Avoidance, Altered Cognitions/Mood, and Arousal). The PCL-5 total scores correlated significantly to all three measures of post-MVA driving anxiety, post-MVA pain and insomnia, post-MVA depression, anger, and generalized anxiety, and to post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms in the post-concussion and whiplash spectrum.
Conclusions: Both the criterion and convergent validity of the PCL-5 for the use on post-MVA patients are excellent.
Incidence of Synchronous Multiple Primary Melanoma in Patients with Solitary Melanoma: a Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Egorenkov V. V. , Moiseenko F. V. , Volkov N. M. , Molchanov M. S. , Ravkina M. S. , Abduloeva N. Kh. , Linets A. V. , Khairutdinov V. R. , Aksenov M. S. , Moiseyenko V. M. 
Published: May 2021

Background. Malignant melanoma is steadily exaggerating over the recent decades. Nonetheless, improved systemic therapies have substantially increased life expectancy in patients with a locally advanced or disseminated disease. Higherincidence recurrent melanocytic skin lesions become essentially problematic and require more attention and control.Aim. Cross-survey on the incidence of synchronous multiple primary melanomas in patients with solitary melanoma and those with other operable solid tumours.Materials and methods. A total of 289 patients with suspected malignant pigmented skin melanoma were included in the survey. Patients were divided in two cohorts by the presence of primary skin melanoma and its tractability for radical excision. Patients with operable melanoma comprised the study cohort, and those with other solid tumours were the control.Results and discussion. The survey covered 289 patients, with 148 in the study and 141 in the control cohort. The study148 patients revealed 112 malignant pigmented melanomas, but none in the control cohort. A chi-square statistical analysis of clinical values in single and multiple melanoma cases showed a slightly higher prevalence of first-visit melanomas in patients with synchronous tumours (30% pT4 — p = 0.007).Conclusion. The observed 10% rate of second melanoma in the study cohort and a zero melanoma incidence in the control support the alternative hypothesis of a higher rate of newly detected melanomas in primarily diagnosed melanoma patients vs. those with solid tumours.
Accelerated Recovery Protocol in Extended Combined and Single-Stage Surgery for Pelvic Cancer
Authors: Lyadov V. K. , Garipov M. R. , Moskalenko A. N. , Cherepanova E. V. , Dikova T. S. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction.The study aimed to evaluate a routine accelerated recovery management in patients with extended combined pelvic surgery.Materials and methods.We surveyed the records and outcomes in various oncological patients following the accelerated recovery protocol after a routine extended combined pelvic surgery at the Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 1 during 2018–2020.Results and discussion.Locally advanced tumours comprised 37 (75.5 %) cases, and the remaining 12 (24.5 %) were nonpelvic resections due to metastasis. Radical surgery was achieved in 41 (83.7 %) cases, while the other 8 (16.3 %) were symptomatic due to the emerged complications of intestinal permeability disruption, bleeding, urinary obstruction, paracancrotic abscess, internal fistulae or pain syndrome. Postoperative complications were evaluated in the Clavien-Dindo classification.Conclusion.The results obtained suggest the feasibility of an accelerated recovery protocol-based practice in extended combined pelvic surgery.
Efficacy of Videoendoscopic Inguinal Femoral Lymphadenectomy for Management of Metastatic Skin Melanoma
Authors: Egorenkov V. V. , Moiseenko F. V. , Volkov N. M. , Molchanov M. S. , Ravkina M. S. , Abduloeva N. Kh. , Linets A. V. , Khairutdinov V. R. , Ibragimov A. M. , Moiseyenko V. M. 
Published: May 2021

Aim. Assessment of the utility and advantage of videoendoscopic inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy (VE-LAD) over the standard open technique (OLAD) in patients with malignant skin melanoma and metastatic lesions of regional inguinal and/or femoral lymph nodes.Materials and methods. The Saint-Petersburg Clinical Research Centre for Specialty Medical Aid in Oncology managed 86 inguinal femoral LADs in melanoma patients over 2013–2016. VE-LAD was rendered in 48 (54.7 %) cases, and OLAD otherwise.Results and discussion. A total of 72 patients were included in the study. VE-LAD was performed in 48 (54.7 %) cases, and OLAD otherwise. An average VE-LAD duration was 90 (60 to 160) min. Severe complications were observed in 4/48 (8 %) VE-LAD and 16/24 (66 %) OLAD cases, which reveals a significantly lower complication rate in the study cohort (chi-square p > 0.000). Lymphorrhoea was shorter in the study cohort (> 7 days in 5 patients vs. 3/24 and > 14 days only in 11/24 OLAD cases; chi-square p > 0.000). No significant differences in relapse-free survival were observed between the cohorts, with higher absolute values of 22.6 months in the VE-LAD (95 % CI 14.8–30.4, p = 0.087) vs. 9.4 months (95 % CI 0.0–18.9, p = 0.087) in OLAD cohort. A median OS was 52.3 months (95 % CI 30.5–74.1, p = 0.996) in the VE-LAD vs. 39.9 months (95 % CI 30.6–49.2, p = 0.996) in OLAD cohort.Conclusion. Videoendoscopic inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy allows a radical inguinal femoral lymph node removal alike in conventional surgical dissection. Our results indicate the method performance towards reduced postoperative wound complications. The oncological indicators are comparable to the traditional surgery cohort.
Neuroendocrine Breast Cancer. Clinical Observation. Personalized Approach
Authors: Gantsev Sh. Kh. , Schaller G. , Gantsev K. Sh. , Plikhta A. N. , Kzyrgalin Sh. R. , Rustamkhanov R. A. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Neuroendocrine breast tumors represent a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for less than 1 % of all neuroendocrine neoplasms. Starting from their pathology definition, and going through their prevalence, prognosis and treatment, our knowledge is still really uncertain.Materials and methods. The article presents a rare clinical observation of a neuroendocrine breast tumor. A breast fibroadenoma was diagnosed at the initial diagnosis stage in a private clinic; after a surgical treatment and further morphological study, it was estimated: a diagnosis of Cancer in situ of the left breast T1N0M0, stage I. Next, 3D-conformal remote radiation therapy was performed on the area of the left breast.Results and discussion. After conducting positron emission tomography, multiple metastases were detected in the lymph nodes, bones, and liver. Additionally, micropreparations were consulted at the Federal Reference Center in St. Petersburg and at an independent third-party molecular biological laboratory in Germany (Munich). Given all the instrumental, molecular biological, histological and immunohistochemical studies of the patient, an individual regimen of drug therapy was selected.Conclusion. After 18 months of personalized drug therapy, we observed a positive trend and a significant decrease in metabolic activity according to positron emission tomography.
Genetic Predictors of Malignancy: a Literature Review
Authors: Pushkarev A. V. , Galeev M. G. , Pushkarev V. A. , Sultanbaev A. V. 
Published: May 2021

The review covers recent research on cancer as a genetic disease manifesting both sporadically and in germline through variant genomic mutations or DNA rearrangements. This change can be point mutations, chromosomal aberrations or hypermethylation leading to DNA repair failures. Defects in tumour suppressor genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PTCH1, etc.) underly hereditary predisposition to breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) due to genome instability. Studying somatic mutations is key to the understanding of carcinogenesis mechanisms and finding apt therapies. Heterogeneity of cancers renders the tumour mutation profiling uneasy. The treatment choice and efficacy in BC and OC depends on homologous recombination defects in tumour cells usually imposed by damaged BRCA1/2 genes. CHEK2- associated neoplasms account for most hereditary BCs linked to flaws in the DNA repair machinery. Overexpression of the PTCH1 protein is the target in breast, lung, ovarian, colonic cancers, etc.Genetic research has fundamentally altered our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of human malignancy. The molecular cancer phenotype is of paramount importance in the disease prognosis and treatment personalisation.
HUBUNGAN RETURN ON ASSETS YANG DIPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN BAGI HASIL
Authors: Vitaningrum Mineva Riskawati , Mubarokah Isro'iyatul 
Published: May 2021

Mayoritas penduduk di Indonesia adalah muslim, dimana telah timbul suatu kebutuhan dalam menginvestasikan , pembiayaan usaha serta menampung dana yang berdasarkan prinsip Syariah. Kegiatan Lembaga keuangan syariah dengan prinsip bagi hasil yang paling diminati adalah musyarakah dan mudharabah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan Return On Assets yang dipengaruhi pendaptan bagi hasil diwakili oleh pendapatan mudharabah dan pendapatan musyarakah. Populasi dari penelitian ini bank umum syriah yang terdaftar di www.ojk.go.id. Data penelitian menggunakan laporan keuangan triwulan dari tahun 2017-2019. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan pengujian hipotesa menggunakan SPSS ver.23. Pengujian menggunakan uji analisis linear berganda, uji t, dan uji F. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan pendapatan mudharabah berpengaruh terhadap ROA hal ini dibuktikan dari uji statistik yang menghasilkan thitung sebesar 3,551 dan ttabel sebesar 2,002 dimana thitung lebih besar dari ttabel (thitung > ttabel) dan pendapatan musyarakah tidak berpengaruh terhadap ROA hal ini dibuktikan dari uji statistic thitung sebesar -1,924 dan ttabel sebesar 2,002 dimana thitung lebih kecil dari ttabel (thitung < ttabel). Secara simultan pendapatan mudharabah dan pendapatan musyarakan berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Hal ini ditunjukan hasil dari uji f Fhitung sebesar 6,485 dengan nilai signifikasi 0,003 < 0,05 dan nilai Ftabel 3,16, maka nilai Fhitung > Ftabel dengan besar pengaruh 18,5%.