bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy in an orthotopic head and neck cancer model
Authors: Okada Ryuhei , Furusawa Aki , Inagaki Fuyuki , Wakiyama Hiroaki , Kato Takuya , Okuyama Shuhei , Furumoto Hideyuki , Fukushima Hiroshi , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a cell selective cancer therapy that uses an antibody‐photoabsorber (IRDye700DX, IR700) conjugate (APC) and NIR light. NIR‐PIT targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in head and neck cancer (HNC) was conditionally approved in Japan in 2020. APC‐bound tumors can be detected using endoscopic fluorescence imaging, whereas NIR light can be delivered using endoscopic fiber optics. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the feasibility of endoscopic NIR‐PIT in an orthotopic HNC model using a CD44‐expressing MOC2‐luc cell line; and (2) to evaluate quantitative fluorescence endoscopic imaging prior to and during NIR‐PIT. The results were compared in 3 experimental groups: (1) untreated controls, (2) APC injection without light exposure (APC‐IV), and (3) APC injection followed by NIR light exposure (NIR‐PIT). APC injected groups showed significantly higher fluorescence signals for IR700 compared with the control group prior to therapeutic NIR light exposure, and the fluorescence signal significantly decreased in the NIR‐PIT group after light exposure. After treatment, the NIR‐PIT group showed significantly attenuated bioluminescence compared with the control and the APC‐IV groups. Histology demonstrated diffuse necrotic death of the cancer cells in the NIR‐PIT group alone. In conclusion, endoscopically delivered light combined with quantitative fluorescence imaging can be used to “see and treat” HNC. This method could also be applied to other types of cancer approachable with endoscopy.
Multifaceted features of immunoglobulin G anti‐GM1 antibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Koga Michiaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐GM1 antibodies, the most common autoantibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), have diverse characteristics regarding IgG subclass, complement activation, affinity and fine specificity. In this review, an update on multifaceted aspects of IgG anti‐GM1 antibodies is provided, emphasizing their roles in creating a varying clinical picture of GBS and in developing pure motor neuropathy after antecedent infection. Diversity in IgG subclass and cross‐reactivity, both of which are closely related to the type of antecedent infection, appears to cause the variation in clinical features and severity of the disease. The environment around GM1 expression in neural tissue is thought to interfere with the binding of anti‐GM1 antibodies by modulating the immunoreactive epitope, allowing only anti‐GM1 antibodies with specific fine specificity to bind to the GM1 ganglioside. This might create the characteristic clinical picture of pure motor neuropathy in anti‐GM1‐positive GBS, although GM1 is present equally in motor and sensory nerves. The environment around the GM1 epitope on Campylobacter jejuni, the most frequently identified agent in antecedent infections of GBS, might also be important in creating diversity in the fine specificity of anti‐GM1 antibodies, possibly preventing the development of GBS in most patients with enteritis by the GM1 epitope‐bearing C. jejuni. Because there remains no direct evidence indicative that diversity of anti‐GM1 antibodies is involved in the development of GBS, further study is required.
Learning from neighboring farmers: Does spatial dependence affect adoption of drought‐tolerant wheat varieties in China?
Authors: Zheng Hongyun , Ma Wanglin , Li Gucheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe adoption of improved crop varieties, such as drought‐tolerant varieties, plays a crucial role in addressing climate change. In this study, we explore how and to what extent spatial interactions between farmers and neighboring farmers affect the adoption of drought‐tolerant wheat varieties (DTWVs), using data collected from rural households in China. A spatial Durbin probit model is utilized to identify the spatial patterns in DTWVs adoption. Results show that spatial dependence exists in DTWVs adoption. Spatial dependence is positively associated with wheat farmers’ DTWVs adoption decisions, and the spatial effects mainly arise from the neighboring farmers’ adoption decisions and information spillover via smartphone use and extension service contacts. Further analysis reveals that DTWVs adoption improves farm performance by increasing both wheat yields and farm profits significantly. Our findings underscore the necessity of considering spatial interactions between farmers when designing and promoting innovative agricultural technologies in rural areas.
Preferences and emotional response to weight‐related terminology used by healthcare professionals to describe body weight in people living with overweight and obesity
Authors: Brown Adrian , Flint Stuart W. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryPrevious studies have explored people's perceptions of weight‐related terminology; however, to date, limited data has explored the emotional response to weight‐related terms used by healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study explored the preferences and emotional responses of terms used by HCPs to describe body weight and of parents to describe their children's weight. A total of 2911 adults completed an online cross‐sectional survey, with 1693 living with overweight or obesity (mean age 49.2 years [SD 12.5], female (96%), median body mass index (BMI) 31.4 kg/m2 [28.1, 36.5]). The survey explored preferences of 22 weight‐related terms using a 5‐point Likert scale and their emotional response to these terms (using 7‐core emotions). Parents also indicated preferences and emotional responses to terms used to describe their children's weight. Respondents completed the modified weight bias internalization scale to examine how this may impacted preferences. 'Weight', “unhealthy weight” and “overweight” were the three preferred terms, while “super obese”, “chubby”, and “extra‐large” were least preferred in people living with overweight and obesity. Parents preferred 'weight', “unhealthy weight” and “body mass index”, and least preferred “fat”, “extra‐large” and “extremely obese” when describing their children's weight. All terms elicited a negative emotional response. The most commonly emotion was sadness for terms to describe adult's bodyweight, and anger for terms used to describe children's weight. All BMI categories reported disgust with terms incorporating “obese”. Our results offer novel insight into the preferred terminology and emotional responses to terminology used by HCPs for both adults and parents to describe their children's weight.
A clinical model to predict fibrosis on liver biopsy in paediatric subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kulkarni Sakil , Naz Nadia , Gu Hongjie , Stoll Janis M. , Thompson Michael D. , DeBosch Brian J. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children is rapidly increasing. Liver fibrosis is a poor prognostic feature that independently predicts cirrhosis. The time that intercedes the first medical encounter and biopsy is rate‐limiting to multi‐modal treatment. This study aimed to identify non‐invasive parameters to predict advanced NAFLD and fibrosis. We conducted a single‐center, retrospective 10‐year analysis of 640 paediatric patients who underwent liver biopsy. 55 patients, age 3–21 years, had biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD. We assessed primary outcomes, NAFLD activity score (NAS) and fibrosis scores, against non‐invasive parameters by linear regression, by using binary cutoff values, and by a multivariate logistic regression fibrosis prediction model. NAS correlated with platelets and female sex. Fibrosis scores correlated with platelet counts, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and ultrasound shear wave velocity. 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D and GGT differentiated mild versus moderate‐to‐advanced fibrosis. Our multivariate logistical regression model‐based scoring system predicted F2 or higher (parameters: BMI%, vitamin D, platelets, GGT), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.95 (area under the ROC curve, 0.944). We identify a clinical model to identify high‐risk patients for expedited biopsy. Stratifying patients to abbreviate time‐to‐biopsy can attenuate delays in aggressive therapy for high‐risk patients.
Environmental liability litigation could remedy biodiversity loss
Authors: Phelps Jacob , Aravind Sakshi , Cheyne Susan , Dabrowski Pedrini Isabella , Fajrini Rika , Jones Carol A. , Lees Alexander C. , Mance Anna , Nagara Grahat , Nugraha Taufiq P. , Pendergrass John , Purnamasari Umi , Rodriguez Maribel , Saputra Roni , Sharp Stuart P. , Sokolowki Amir , Webb Edward L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany countries allow lawsuits to hold responsible parties liable for the environmental harm they cause. Such litigation remains largely untested in most biodiversity hotspots and is rarely used in response to leading drivers of biodiversity loss, including illegal wildlife trade. Yet, liability litigation is a potentially ground‐breaking conservation strategy to remedy harm to biodiversity by seeking legal remedies such as species rehabilitation, public apologies, habitat conservation and education, with the goal of making the injured parties ‘whole’. However, precedent cases, expert guidance, and experience to build such conservation lawsuits is nascent in most countries. We propose a simplified framework for developing conservation lawsuits across countries and conservation contexts. We explain liability litigation in terms of three dimensions: (1) defining the harm that occurred, (2) identifying appropriate remedies to that harm, and (3) understanding what remedies the law and courts will allow. We illustrate the framework via a hypothetical lawsuit against an illegal orangutan trader in Indonesia. We highlight that conservationists’ expertise is essential to characterizing harm and identifying remedies, and could more actively contribute to strategic, science‐based litigation. This would identify priority contexts, target defendants responsible for egregious harm, propose novel and meaningful remedies, and build new transdisciplinary collaborations.
SHED aggregate exosomes shuttled miR‐26a promote angiogenesis in pulp regeneration via TGF‐β/SMAD2/3 signalling
Authors: Wu Meiling , Liu Xuemei , Li Zihan , Huang Xiaoyao , Guo Hao , Guo Xiaohe , Yang Xiaoxue , Li Bei , Xuan Kun , Jin Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesPulp regeneration brings big challenges for clinicians, and vascularization is considered as its determining factor. We previously accomplished pulp regeneration with autologous stem cells from deciduous teeth (SHED) aggregates implantation in teenager patients, however, the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified for regenerating pulp in adults. Serving as an important effector of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), exosomes have been reported to promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration effectively. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of SHED aggregate‐derived exosomes (SA‐Exo) in the angiogenesis of pulp regeneration.Materials and MethodsWe extracted exosomes from SHED aggregates and utilized them in the pulp regeneration animal model. The pro‐angiogenetic effects of SA‐Exo on SHED and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. The related mechanisms were further investigated.ResultsWe firstly found that SA‐Exo significantly improved pulp tissue regeneration and angiogenesis in vivo. Next, we found that SA‐Exo promoted SHED endothelial differentiation and enhanced the angiogenic ability of HUVECs, as indicated by the in vitro tube formation assay. Mechanistically, miR‐26a, which is enriched in SA‐Exo, improved angiogenesis both in SHED and HUVECs via regulating TGF‐β/SMAD2/3 signalling.ConclusionsIn summary, these data reveal that SA‐Exo shuttled miR‐26a promotes angiogenesis via TGF‐β/SMAD2/3 signalling contributing to SHED aggregate‐based pulp tissue regeneration. These novel insights into SA‐Exo may facilitate the development of new strategies for pulp regeneration.
Type‐2 airway inflammation in mild asthma patients with high blood eosinophils and high fractional exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: Southworth Thomas , Van Geest Marleen , Singh Dave 
Published: June 2021

AbstractType‐2 (T2) inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Biological therapies have been developed to target T2‐inflammation in asthma. IL‐13 is a key component of T2‐inflammation in asthma, driving mucus hypersecretion, IgE‐induction, and smooth muscle contraction. Early phase clinical trials for treatments that target T2‐inflammation require biomarkers to assess pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to examine levels of IL‐13 inducible biomarkers in the airway epithelium of patients with mild asthma compared to healthy controls. Ten patients with mild asthma with high blood eosinophil and high fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were recruited, and six healthy subjects. Blood eosinophil and FeNO reproducibility was assessed prior to bronchoscopy. Epithelial brushings were collected and assessed for IL‐13 inducible gene expression. Blood eosinophil and FeNO levels remained consistent in both patients with asthma and healthy subjects. Of the 11 genes assessed, expression levels of 15LOX1, POSTN, CLCA1, SERPINB2, CCL26, and NOS2 were significantly higher in patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. These six genes, present in patients with mild asthma with T2 inflammation, have the potential to be used in translational early phase asthma clinical trials of novel therapies as bronchial epithelial biomarkers.
Comparison of radiation exposure between endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage and transpapillary drainage by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for pancreatobiliary diseases
Authors: Takenaka Mamoru , Hosono Makoto , Rehani Madan M. , Chiba Yasutaka , Ishikawa Rei , Okamoto Ayana , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Nakai Atsushi , Omoto Shunsuke , Minaga Kosuke , Kamata Ken , Yamao Kentaro , Hayashi Shiro , Nishida Tsutomu , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe transpapillary drainage by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP‐D) cannot be performed without fluoroscopy, and there are many situations in which fluoroscopy is required even in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage (EUS‐D). Previous studies have compared the efficacy, but not the radiation exposure of EUS‐D and ERCP‐D. While radiation exposure in ERCP‐D has been previously evaluated, there is a paucity of information regarding radiation doses in EUS‐D. This study aimed to assess radiation exposure in EUS‐D compared with that in ERCP‐D.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐D and ERCP‐D between October 2017 and March 2019. The air kerma (AK, mGy), kerma‐area product (KAP, Gycm2), fluoroscopy time (FT, min), and procedure time (PT, min) were assessed. The invasive probability weighting method was used to qualify the comparisons.ResultsWe enrolled 372 and 105 patients who underwent ERCP‐D and EUS‐D, respectively. The mean AK, KAP, and FT in the EUS‐D group were higher by 53%, 28%, and 27%, respectively, than those in the ERCP‐D group, whereas PT was shorter by approximately 11% (AK, 135.0 vs. 88.4; KAP, 28.1 vs. 21.9; FT, 20.4 vs. 16.0; PT, 38.7 vs. 43.5). The sub‐analysis limited to biliary drainage cases showed the same trend (AK, 128.3 vs. 90.9; KAP, 27.0 vs. 22.2; FT, 16.4 vs. 16.1; PT, 32.5 vs. 44.4).ConclusionsThis is the first study to assess radiation exposure in EUS‐D compared with that in ERCP‐D. Radiation exposure was significantly higher in EUS‐D than in ERCP‐D, despite the shorter procedure time.
Nintendo Wii Balance Board therapy for postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Montoro‐Cárdenas Desirée , Cortés‐Pérez Irene , Zagalaz‐Anula Noelia , Osuna‐Pérez María C , Obrero‐Gaitán Esteban , Lomas‐Vega Rafael 
Published: June 2021

AimTo analyse the efficacy of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA systematic review with meta‐analysis (PROSPERO identification number CRD42020169510) was performed using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of NWT on functional, dynamic, and static balance in children with CP, assessed with the Pediatric Balance Scale, the Timed Get Up and Go Test, and the One Leg Stance Test respectively. The pooled effect was calculated using the Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsEleven RCTs with 270 children (when sex was reported: 43% females, 57% males) with CP (mean age [SD] 10y 1mo [1y 1mo], range 5–16y) were included. On functional balance, we found very low‐quality evidence with a large effect of NWT compared with no intervention (SMD 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–1.89) and moderate‐quality evidence for using NWT plus conventional physical therapy (CPT) versus CPT (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.20–1.35) in sessions of approximately 30 minutes (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.20–1.52) and interventions lasting longer than 3 weeks (SMD 1.03, 95% CI 0.58–1.47). For dynamic balance, very low‐quality evidence for a medium effect for using NWT plus CPT versus CPT (SMD 0.70, 95% CI 0.12–1.29) was found.InterpretationNWT can be considered an effective treatment for improving functional and dynamic balance in children with CP, especially when combined with CPT in 30‐minute sessions with interventions lasting longer than 3 weeks.
What this paper adds

Moderate‐quality evidence with a large effect of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance, compared with conventional physical therapy (CPT).

Moderate‐quality evidence with medium effect of NWT plus CPT on functional and dynamic balance, compared with CPT.

Appropriate NWT sessions should be equal to or slightly less than 30 minutes.

NWT interventions must be longer than 3 weeks.
Nonverbal content and trust: An experiment on digital communication
Authors: Babutsidze Zakaria , Hanaki Nobuyuki , Zylbersztejn Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe experimentally study the effect of the mode of digital communication on the emergence of trust in a principal‐agent relationship. We consider three modes of communication that differ in the capacity to transmit nonverbal content: plain text, audio, and video. Communication is pre‐play, one‐way, and unrestricted, but its verbal content is homogenized across treatments. Overall, both audio and video messages have a positive (and similar) effect on trust as compared to plain text; however, the magnitude of these effects depends on the verbal content of agent's message (promise to act trustworthily vs. no such promise). In all conditions, we observe a positive effect of the agent's promise on the principal's trust. We also report that trust in female principals is sensitive to the availability of nonverbal cues about their partners.
Reforms that keep you at home: The effects of economic transition on migration
Authors: Guzi Martin , Mikula Štěpán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTheory asserts that individuals’ migration decisions depend more on their expectations about future income levels than on their current income levels. We find that the implementation of market‐oriented reforms in post‐communist countries, by forming positive economic prospects, has reduced emigration as predicted by theory. Our estimates show that migration flows are highly responsive to reforms supporting private enterprises and financial services, which provide individuals with strong signals about their future prospects. We show that reforms that improve the management of infrastructure services have no link with migration patterns, which may be an important lesson for government policy.
Organ sparing total marrow irradiation compared to total body irradiation prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Haraldsson André , Wichert Stina , Engström Per E. , Lenhoff Stig , Turkiewicz Dominik , Warsi Sarah , Engelholm Silke , Bäck Sven , Engellau Jacob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTotal body irradiation (TBI) is commonly used prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in myeloablative conditioning regimens. However, TBI may be replaced by total marrow irradiation (TMI) at centres with access to Helical TomoTherapy, a modality that has the advantage of delivering intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to long targets such as the entire bone marrow compartment. Toxicity after organ sparing TMI prior to HSCT has not previously been reported compared to TBI or with regard to engraftment data.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study on 37 patients that received organ sparing TMI prior to HSCT and compared this cohort to retrospective data on 33 patients that received TBI prior to HSCT.ResultsThe 1‐year graft‐versus‐host disease‐free, relapse‐free survival (GRFS) was 67.5% for all patients treated with TMI and 80.5% for patients with matched unrelated donor and treated with TMI, which was a significant difference from historical data on TBI patients with a hazard ratio of 0.45 (P = .03) and 0.24 (P < .01). Engraftment with a platelet count over 20 [K/µL] and 50 [K/µL] was significantly shorter for the TMI group, and neutrophil recovery was satisfactory in both treatment cohorts. There was generally a low occurrence of other treatment‐related toxicities.ConclusionsDespite small cohorts, some significant differences were found; TMI as part of the myeloablative conditioning yields a high 1‐year GRFS, fast and robust engraftment, and low occurrence of acute toxicity.
Combining range and phenology shifts offers a winning strategy for boreal Lepidoptera
Authors: Hällfors Maria H. , Pöyry Juha , Heliölä Janne , Kohonen Ilmari , Kuussaari Mikko , Leinonen Reima , Schmucki Reto , Sihvonen Pasi , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpecies can adapt to climate change by adjusting in situ or by dispersing to new areas, and these strategies may complement or enhance each other. Here, we investigate temporal shifts in phenology and spatial shifts in northern range boundaries for 289 Lepidoptera species by using long‐term data sampled over two decades. While 40% of the species neither advanced phenology nor moved northward, nearly half (45%) used one of the two strategies. The strongest positive population trends were observed for the minority of species (15%) that both advanced flight phenology and shifted their northern range boundaries northward. We show that, for boreal Lepidoptera, a combination of phenology and range shifts is the most viable strategy under a changing climate. Effectively, this may divide species into winners and losers based on their propensity to capitalize on this combination, with potentially large consequences on future community composition.