bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational factors affecting nurses’ tendency to report child abuse and neglect
Authors: Zusman Nurit , Saporta‐Sorozon Kelly 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the factors that affect the tendency of nurses working in mother and child health clinics (MCHC) to report child abuse to the authorities.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SampleThree hundred and forty‐one female nurses working in MCHC across Israel.Measurements(1) Social and organizational variables; (2) the tendency to report child abuse and neglect; (3) attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect.ResultsOn average, the participants perceived that they have good collaboration with other staff members and with welfare services. They showed a favorable attitude toward reporting child abuse, but less than half (44.8%) would report child abuse suspicion to the authorities. None of the organizational variables (MCHC type, collaboration among staff, collaboration with welfare services) were correlated with the tendency to report child abuse and neglect, yet all three variables were significantly correlated with attitudes toward reporting child abuse. Nurses' attitudes toward reporting were mediated by the organizational variables.ConclusionsThe effect of the organizational factors on the actual tendency to report child abuse is mediated by nurses' attitude toward reporting. Organizational constraints probably encourage MCHC nurses to be cautious before reporting child abuse and neglect to the authorities, restricting adherence to the law, which requires direct reporting.
Lessons learned from implementing SNAP‐Ed in a nursing/K‐8 partnership school during the pandemic
Authors: Francis Lucine , Patel Alisha , Hasan Alaa , Kylander Olivia , Williams Lauren , Levin Mindi B. , Sharps Phyllis W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic had forced schools and school‐based partnerships in the US to re‐imagine extracurricular activities while schools were closed for in‐person learning. We highlight lessons learned from implementing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Education Program (SNAP‐Ed) virtually, a nutrition education program to improve nutrition literacy and skills among children, in a Maryland School of Nursing/K‐8 Partnership school amid in‐person school closures.
Air pollution and fecundability: Results from a Danish preconception cohort study
Authors: Wesselink Amelia K. , Wang Tanran R. , Ketzel Matthias , Mikkelsen Ellen M. , Brandt Jørgen , Khan Jibran , Hertel Ole , Laursen Anne Sofie D. , Johannesen Benjamin R. , Willis Mary D. , Levy Jonathan I. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Wise Lauren A. , Hatch Elizabeth E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnimal and epidemiologic studies indicate that air pollution may adversely affect fertility. Epidemiologic studies have been restricted largely to couples undergoing fertility treatment or have retrospectively ascertained time‐to‐pregnancy among pregnant women.ObjectivesWe examined the association between residential ambient air pollution and fecundability, the per‐cycle probability of conception, in a large preconception cohort of Danish pregnancy planners.MethodsDuring 2007–2018, we used the Internet to recruit and follow women who were trying to conceive without the use of fertility treatment. Participants completed an online baseline questionnaire eliciting socio‐demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical and reproductive histories and follow‐up questionnaires every 8 weeks to ascertain pregnancy status. We determined concentrations of ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and <10 µm (PM10), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) at each participant's residential address. We calculated average exposure during the year before baseline, during each menstrual cycle over follow‐up and during the entire pregnancy attempt time. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders and co‐pollutants. The analysis was restricted to the 10,183 participants who were trying to conceive for <12 cycles at study entry whose addresses could be geocoded.ResultsDuring 12 months of follow‐up, 73% of participants conceived. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with small reductions in fecundability. For example, the FRs for a one interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (IQR = 3.2 µg/m3) and PM10 (IQR = 5.3 µg/m3) during each menstrual cycle were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.99), respectively. Other air pollutants were not appreciably associated with fecundability.ConclusionsIn this preconception cohort study of Danish women, residential exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with reduced fecundability.
Pregnancy outcomes in women living with HIV and HIV‐negative women in South Africa: Cohort analysis based on bias‐corrected gestational age
Authors: Malaba Thokozile R. , Mukonda Elton , Matjila Mushi , Madlala Hlengiwe P. , Myer Landon , Newell Marie‐Louise ,   for the PIMS Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) use during pregnancy may be associated with adverse outcomes, but findings have been inconsistent, at least in part due to unreliably estimated gestational age.ObjectiveTo quantify the association between HIV status, ART initiation timing and adverse birth outcomes, with reliably assessed gestational age at booking, in a public sector primary care facility in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsPregnant women, HIV‐negative or living with HIV (WLHIV), were enrolled at first antenatal care visit and followed through delivery. Ultrasound‐assessed gestational age was deemed the gold standard. Based on quantitative bias analysis for outcome misclassification, gestational age by non‐ultrasound assessment was corrected using multiple overimputation, which deals with missing data and measurement error simultaneously. Using bias‐corrected gestational age, birth outcomes were compared between WLHIV and HIV‐negative women, and among WLHIV who initiated ART before versus during pregnancy, further divided into trimesters.ResultsOf 3952 women enrolled, 37% were WLHIV (mostly using tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz). Last menstrual period (LMP)‐based gestational age was identified to be biased, and LMP measures were thus corrected using multiple overimputation. Comparing WLHIV and HIV‐negative women, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of overall pregnancy loss was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98, 1.61); aRR of preterm delivery was 1.02 (95% CI 0.88, 1.20); aRR of small for gestational age infants was 1.43 (95% CI 1.14, 1.80). Among WLHIV, outcomes were similar by ART initiation timing.ConclusionsIn this routine care cohort, risk of SGA, and possibly of pregnancy loss, was increased in WLHIV compared with HIV‐negative women, with no evidence of increased risk of preterm delivery. Further research is needed to improve mechanistic understanding of the contribution of ART to adverse birth outcomes to optimize treatment for pregnant WLHIV and ensure optimal maternal and infant outcomes.
Group B Streptococcus real‐time PCR may potentially reduce intrapartum maternal antibiotic treatment
Authors: Kugelman Nir , Kleifeld Shiran , Shaked‐Mishan Pninit , Assaf Wisam , Marom Inbal , Cohen Nadav , Gruber Maya , Lavie Ofer , Waisman Dan , Kedar Reuven , Bardicef Mordehai , Damti Amit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundProtocols for preventing early‐onset group B streptococcal (GBS) neonatal infection may result in unnecessary antibiotics administration. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can provide a result within 30–60 min and has been found to be specific and sensitive for defining intrapartum GBS status.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether implementation of GBS fast real‐time PCR to all women who require GBS prophylaxis may reduce the use of maternal prophylactic antibiotics.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included women admitted to a single delivery ward who required prophylactic antibiotics either due to a positive antepartum GBS culture screening performed at 35–37 weeks or due to an unknown GBS status with an intrapartum risk factor. All the women were tested by a double vaginal swab (real‐time PCR and culture) as soon as it became apparent, they required antibiotic prophylaxis and prior to its administration.ResultsBetween May 2019 and August 2020, 303 women met eligibility criteria and were enrolled, but four were excluded from the analysis due to failed culture or PCR tests. Of 299 women included in the study, 208 (69.5%) and 180 (60.2%) women, showed no evidence of GBS on intrapartum culture or PCR, respectively. Of 89 GBS antepartum carriers, 43 (48.3%) and 32 (35.9%) had negative intrapartum culture and PCR results, respectively. Of the 210 women with risk factors, 165 (78.5%) were culture negative and 148 (70.4%) had a negative PCR. Using intrapartum culture as the gold standard, intrapartum GBS real‐time PCR was found to have a sensitivity of 97.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.3, 99.7) and a specificity of 85.6% (95% CI 80.1, 90.1).ConclusionsCompared with antepartum universal culture screening or intrapartum risk‐factor assessment, the need for maternal antibiotic treatment may be substantially reduced by implementation of intrapartum GBS real‐time PCR, without compromising the sensitivity of GBS detection.
Understanding the clinical characteristics of lesbian, gay, and bisexual military service members and adult beneficiaries within an inpatient psychiatric sample
Authors: Thompson Matthew F. , Luk Jeremy W. , LaCroix Jessica M. , Perera Kanchana U. , Goldston David B. , Weaver Jennifer J. , Soumoff Alyssa , Ghahramanlou‐Holloway Marjan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited knowledge exists regarding targets for suicide‐focused care among high‐risk United States (U.S.) civilian and military sexual minorities.PurposeThis study aimed to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of a suicidal sexual minority sample, psychiatrically hospitalized in military treatment facilities, to advance future targeted care for this vulnerable subgroup.MethodsSecondary analysis of baseline data from a multisite psychotherapy randomized controlled trial was performed comparing those who self‐identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB; n = 39) to heterosexual participants (n = 170).ResultsLGB participants were more likely than heterosexual participants to be younger, female, never married, and enlisted rank. LGB participants reported significantly lower family support, higher perceived burdensomeness, lower acquired capability for suicide, and were twice as likely to report that they could not control their suicidal thoughts. LGB and heterosexual participants reported similar levels of other suicide risk indicators and similar lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt histories.ConclusionsCompared to heterosexual participants, LGB participants reported increased risk indicators for suicide yet similar lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt histories. Suicide prevention programs should address the unique needs of this vulnerable subgroup. Interventions targeting family support, perceived burdensomeness, and controllability of suicidal thoughts may be promising.
Ash and biochar amendment of coarse sandy soil for growing crops under drought conditions
Authors: Bruun Esben W. , Müller‐Stöver Dorette , Pedersen Betina Nørgaard , Hansen Line Vinther , Petersen Carsten Tilbæk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAppropriate soil amendments may increase plant available water and crop yields on coarse sandy soils under drought conditions. In this study, we applied straw ash or straw biochar from gasification to a Danish coarse sandy subsoil to assess the effects on soil water retention, evapotranspiration and crop yields. Spring barley (2016, 2017) and winter wheat (2018) were grown over three years in columns containing 25cm of organic matter‐rich topsoil, 80 cm of amended coarse sandy soil (1.5%, 3%, 6% wt. ash or 1% wt. biochar or control soil) and 45 cm of un‐amended subsoil. Precipitation, evaporative demands and soil moisture were recorded across the growth seasons, with 2018 having severe drought conditions. This year evapotranspiration levels increased with increasing ash and biochar content (by 54% and 33% for the 6% ash‐ and 1% biochar‐amended soils, respectively), and plant dry matter increased by 18% in both the 1% biochar‐ and 6% ash‐treated soils compared to the untreated control. A linear relationship was established between in situ field capacity and ash dosage (R2 = .96), showing an increase of 2.2% per percentage (wt.) of ash added, while the 1% biochar treatment increased the capacity by 3.5%, indicating a higher efficiency than for ash. However, we did not find significant positive effects on grain yields. The results show that ash and biochar have the potential to significantly increase soil water retention, evapotranspiration and total dry matter yield in drought conditions, but that this may not correspond to an increase in grain yield.
The relationship between equine pastern dermatitis, meteorological factors, and the skin microbiota
Authors: Kaiser‐Thom Sarah , Hilty Markus , Ramseyer Alessandra , Epper Pascale , Gerber Vinzenz 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEquine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a multifactorial syndrome, with prolonged exposure to moisture assumed to be a predisposing or primary factor.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo examine the course of EPD lesion severity, changes in bacterial skin microbiota, and the influence of meteorological factors.AnimalsProspective, longitudinal cohort study over a one‐year period, with six Franches‐Montagnes stallions, four affected by EPD and two unaffected, that were kept under the same conditions.Methods and materialsPasterns were scored for lesion severity and sampled once a month for 12 consecutive months. Lesion severity, the skin microbiota and meteorological factors were examined for associations.ResultsEPD lesions tended to worsen in autumn and at the beginning of spring. The relationship between lesion severity and the meteorological factor precipitation was not clearly evident; high scores were preceded by both low or high rates of precipitation. Microbiota in affected pasterns appeared to have experienced a reduction in alpha diversity. Beta diversity analyses demonstrated that bacterial community structures were altered in affected versus unaffected pasterns, and that alterations were more pronounced with higher EPD scores (P = 0.005). Meteorological factors also had considerable influences on the bacterial composition, whereby these influences appeared to be more marked in the affected pasterns (P = 0.001, F = 3.19) than in unaffected ones (P = 0.005, F = 1.83).Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur study provides preliminary observations of the relationships between lesion severity, meteorological factors and cutaneous bacteria. The population was too small to draw firm conclusions, and further studies on environmental factors and the involvement of bacteria in this multifactorial disease are needed.
Stressing the personal benefits of the covid-19 vaccine might encourage more people to accept it
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz 
Published: December 2021

The studyFreeman D, Loe BS, Yu LM, et al. Effects of different types of written vaccination information on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK (OCEANS-III): a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.Lancet Public Health2021;6:416-27.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/stressing-personal-benefits-of-covid-vaccine-could-reduce-hesitancy
The domination monoid in o-minimal theories
Authors: Mennuni Rosario 
Published: December 2021

We study the monoid of global invariant types modulo domination-equivalence in the context of o-minimal theories. We reduce its computation to the problem of proving that it is generated by classes of 1-types. We show this to hold in Real Closed Fields, where generators of this monoid correspond to invariant convex subrings of the monster model. Combined with [C. Ealy, D. Haskell and J. Maríková, Residue field domination in real closed valued fields, Notre Dame J. Formal Logic 60(3) (2019) 333–351], this allows us to compute the domination monoid in the weakly o-minimal theory of Real Closed Valued Fields.
Fast volume rendering with spatiotemporal reservoir resampling
Authors: Lin Daqi , Wyman Chris , Yuksel Cem 
Published: December 2021

Volume rendering under complex, dynamic lighting is challenging, especially if targeting real-time. To address this challenge, we extend a recent direct illumination sampling technique, spatiotemporal reservoir resampling, to multi-dimensional path space for volumetric media.
By fully evaluating just a single path sample per pixel, our volumetric path tracer shows unprecedented convergence. To achieve this, we properly estimate the chosen sample's probability via approximate perfect importance sampling with spatiotemporal resampling. A key observation is recognizing that applying cheaper, biased techniques to approximate scattering along candidate paths (during resampling) does not add bias when shading. This allows us to combine transmittance evaluation techniques: cheap approximations where evaluations must occur many times for reuse, and unbiased methods for final, per-pixel evaluation.
With this reformulation, we achieve low-noise, interactive volumetric path tracing with arbitrary dynamic lighting, including volumetric emission, and maintain interactive performance even on high-resolution volumes. When paired with denoising, our low-noise sampling helps preserve smaller-scale volumetric details.
Arquitetura moderna em madeira: a casa do arquiteto e escultor Abrão Assad
Authors: Sanquetta Felipe Taroh Inoue 
Published: December 2021

Abrão Assad (1940-), arquiteto e escultor, contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da arquitetura e da arte moderna em Curitiba. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a documentação historiográfica e a realização de análise descritiva do projeto arquitetônico da residência de seu uso próprio. Concebida em 1979 por Assad, a casa está situada em um grande terreno circundado por um bosque nativo e se caracteriza pelo uso de componentes estruturais em madeira. Além da materialidade, a obra também se destaca pelo partido arquitetônico adotado, solução que remete ao sistema Dom-ino de Le Corbusier e as “casas apartamento” da Escola Paulista. O artigo se estrutura inicialmente com uma breve descrição sobre o processo de inserção dos conceitos modernos na arquitetura de Curitiba, a biografia do arquiteto, suas referências e outros projetos realizados. Para a documentação da obra, os procedimentos adotados se apoiaram na bibliografia existente e posteriormente na elaboração do redesenho do projeto original por meio de plantas, cortes e pelo uso de isométricas/diagramas para análises. Em uma segunda parte, são apresentadas imagens ainda não publicadas e que foram cedidas pelo acervo do arquiteto.
Obesity Duration, Severity, and Distribution Trajectories and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Raffield Laura M. , Howard Annie Green , Graff Misa , Lin Dan‐Yu , Cheng Susan , Demerath Ellen , Ndumele Chiadi , Palta Priya , Rebholz Casey M. , Seidelmann Sara , Yu Bing , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , North Kari E. , Avery Christy L. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Research examining the role of obesity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) often fails to adequately consider heterogeneity in obesity severity, distribution, and duration.

Methods and Results

We here use multivariate latent class mixed models in the biracial Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (N=14 514; mean age=54 years; 55% female) to associate obesity subclasses (derived from body mass index, waist circumference, self‐reported weight at age 25, tricep skinfold, and calf circumference across up to four triennial visits) with total mortality, incident CVD, and CVD risk factors. We identified four obesity subclasses, summarized by their body mass index and waist circumference slope as decline (4.1%), stable/slow decline (67.8%), moderate increase (24.6%), and rapid increase (3.6%) subclasses. Compared with participants in the stable/slow decline subclass, the decline subclass was associated with elevated mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.31, 1.60,
P
<0.0001) and with heart failure (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22, 1.63,
P
<0.0001), stroke (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.22, 1.92,
P
=0.0002), and coronary heart disease (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14, 1.63,
P
=0.0008), adjusting for baseline body mass index and CVD risk factor profile. The moderate increase latent class was not associated with any significant differences in CVD risk as compared to the stable/slow decline latent class and was associated with a lower overall risk of mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.90,
P
<0.0001), despite higher body mass index at baseline. The rapid increase latent class was associated with a higher risk of heart failure versus the stable/slow decline latent class (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10, 1.62,
P
=0.004).

Conclusions
Consideration of heterogeneity and longitudinal changes in obesity measures is needed in clinical care for a more precision‐oriented view of CVD risk.
Growth Differentiation Factor‐15 Predicts Death and Stroke Event in Outpatients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The J‐HOP Study
Authors: Negishi Keita , Hoshide Satoshi , Shimpo Masahisa , Kanegae Hiroshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2021

Background
Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) has emerged as a novel biomarker to predict all‐cause death in community‐dwelling individuals and patients with cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the prognostic value of GDF‐15 in outpatients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods and Results

GDF‐15 levels were measured in 3562 outpatients with cardiovascular risk factors in the J‐HOP (Japan Morning Surge‐Home Blood Pressure) study, a nationwide prospective study. Participants were stratified according to tertiles of GDF‐15 and followed up for all‐cause death and cardiovascular disease. During a mean follow‐up period of 6.6 years, there were 155 all‐cause deaths, 81 stroke events including cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage, and 141 cardiac events including cardiac artery disease and heart failure. Patients with higher GDF‐15 levels were associated with risks of all‐cause death and stroke events (except for cardiac events) after adjustment for traditional risk factors and other prognostic biomarkers (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide], high‐sensitivity troponin T; all‐cause death, hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.26–4.48;
P
=0.007; stroke events, hazard ratio, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.31–6.56,
P
=0.009; compared with the lowest tertile). Furthermore, incorporating GDF‐15 to the predictive models for all‐cause death improved discrimination and reclassification significantly. For stroke events, GDF‐15 showed similar diagnostic accuracy to NT‐proBNP and high‐sensitivity troponin T.

Conclusions
In Japanese outpatients with cardiovascular risk factors, GDF‐15 improves risk stratification for all‐cause death when compared with NT‐proBNP and high‐sensitivity troponin T. GDF‐15 was associated with increased risks of stroke events beyond conventional risk factors and other prognostic markers; however, the predictive ability for stroke events was equivalent to NT‐proBNP and high‐sensitivity troponin T.

Registration

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
.; Unique identifier: UMIN000000894.