bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational physical activity, mortality and CHD events in the Italian Longitudinal Study
Authors: Strippoli Elena , Hughes Amanda , Sebastiani Gabriella , Di Filippo Paola , d’Errico Angelo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Several recent studies have suggested a ‘physical activity paradox’ whereby leisure-time physical activity benefits health, but occupational physical activity is harmful. However, other studies imply that occupational physical activity is beneficial. Using data from a nationally representative Italian sample, we investigate if the context, or domain, of physical activity matters for mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) events.

Methods
Among 40,220 men and women aged 40–55 at baseline, we used Cox models to compare associations of occupational, domestic and leisure-time physical activity with risk of mortality and CHD events over a follow-up period of up to 14 years. We accounted for sociodemographic factors, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical and mental health, and educational qualifications.

Results
Occupational physical activity was not significantly associated with risk of mortality or CHD events for women, or with CHD events for men. In crude models, risk of mortality was higher for men in the highest occupational activity group, compared to the lowest (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.01, 1.57). This attenuated with adjustment for health-related behaviours, health, and education (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77, 1.38). In crude models, leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated with decreased mortality and CHD risk only for men. Domestic physical activity was not associated with either outcome for either gender.

Conclusion
In a large sample of middle-aged Italian workers, we found limited evidence of harmful or beneficial effects of occupational physical activity on mortality or CHD events. However, confidence intervals were wide, and results consistent with a range of effects in both directions.
Transverse J-holomorphic curves in nearly Kähler $$\mathbb {CP}^3$$
Authors: Aslan Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJ-holomorphic curves in nearly Kähler$$\mathbb {CP}^3$$CP3are related to minimal surfaces in$$S^4$$S4as well as associative submanifolds in$$\Lambda ^2_-(S^4)$$Λ-2(S4). We introduce the class of transverseJ-holomorphic curves and establish a Bonnet-type theorem for them. We classify flat tori in$$S^4$$S4and construct moment-type maps from$$\mathbb {CP}^3$$CP3to relate them to the theory of$$\mathrm {U}(1)$$U(1)-invariant minimal surfaces on$$S^4$$S4.
Cold-Air Pool Processes in the Inn Valley During Föhn: A Comparison of Four Cases During the PIANO Campaign
Authors: Haid Maren , Gohm Alexander , Umek Lukas , Ward Helen C. , Rotach Mathias W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a comprehensive analysis of four south föhn events observed during the Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn (PIANO) field campaign in the Inn Valley, Austria, in the vicinity of Innsbruck. The goal is to detect and quantify processes of cold-air pool (CAP) erosion by föhn as well as processes of föhn breakdown. Despite differences in föhn breakthrough and strength, the four cases exhibit similarities in CAP evolution: initially, the CAP experienced strongest warming in the centre of Innsbruck, where the föhn jet from the Wipp Valley interacted with the CAP in the Inn Valley. The resulting shear-flow instability at the föhn–CAP interface caused turbulent CAP erosion and, together with vertical warm-air advection, led to CAP depression over the city centre. This depression drove pre-föhn westerlies near the surface that caused cold-air advection inside the CAP west of the city centre and warm-air advection in the east. Ultimately, the latter contributed to stronger CAP erosion in the east than in the west. This stronger heating also explains the preferential initial föhn breakthrough at the valley floor east of Innsbruck. In two of the cases, subsequent westward propagation of the föhn–CAP boundary across the city accompanied by northerly (deflected) föhn winds led to a complete föhn breakthrough. Föhn breakdown occurred either by a backflow of the CAP remnant or by a cold-frontal passage. This study emphasizes the importance of both turbulence and advection in the CAP heat budget and reveal their large spatio–temporal variability.
Prognostic impact of pneumonitis after durvalumab therapy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nishimura Ari , Ono Akira , Wakuda Kazushige , Kawabata Takanori , Yabe Michitoshi , Miyawaki Taichi , Miyawaki Eriko , Kodama Hiroaki , Nishioka Naoya , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Harada Hideyuki , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackground. Prognostic data on Japanese patients receiving durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) are insufficient. Whether pneumonitis has prognostic implications in patients with LA-NSCLC who have received durvalumab also remains unclear. Methods. We retrospectively assessed the data of 82 consecutive patients who had received durvalumab after CRT at our institution between May 2018 and August 2020. A multi-state model was used to establish the associations between co-variables and progression-free survival (PFS). Results. The median observation period for all the censored cases was 14.5 months (5.7–28.9 months), the median PFS was 22.7 months, and the 12-month PFS rate was 62.3% (95% CI: 50.2%-72.3%). The median percentage of the lung volume receiving a radiation dose in excess of 20 Gray (V20) was 22% (4%-35%). Thirteen patients (16%) had Grade 1 pneumonitis before receiving durvalumab, and 62 patients developed pneumonitis after durvalumab (Grades 1, 2, and 3 in 25 [30%], 32 [39%], and 4 [5%], respectively). Twenty-four patients (29%) completed the 1-year durvalumab treatment period, 16 patients (20%) were continuing to receive treatment, and 42 (51%) had discontinued treatment. In a multi-state analysis, patients with pneumonitis before durvalumab therapy had a poorer PFS than those without pneumonitis (HR: 4.29, p = 0.002). The development of Grade 2 or higher pneumonitis after durvalumab was not a significant prognostic factor for PFS (HR: 0.71, p = 0.852). Conclusion. Grade 2 or higher pneumonitis after durvalumab was not a prognostic factor of PFS in LA-NSCLC patients received durvalumab.
Comparative analysis of two optical biometry devices: high wavelength swept source OCT versus partial coherence interferometry
Authors: Szalai Eszter , Csutak Adrienne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To study the reproducibility of measurements performed with a recently developed multimodal high resolution swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) and to make comparisons with a partial coherence interferometry (PCI) biometer.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 152 subjects were involved in this study with a mean age of 65.71 ± 13.86 years (26–85 years). Anterior surface keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) and axial length (AL) values were recorded by the SSOCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering Ltd, Germany) and PCI (IOLMaster 500, version 5.5, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany). Intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated based on ANTERION and IOLMaster keratometry values by using five traditional vergence formulas.

Results
Anterior surface simulated keratometry values did not differ significantly between the IOLMaster and ANTERION (P > 0.05). AL measurements were successful in 95% of the cases both with the SSOCT and PCI. No significant difference was disclosed between the two instruments (P = 0.229). For WTW measurements, a significant difference was observed between the two optical biometers (P < 0.0001). The difference between PCI and SSOCT in IOL powers was statistically significant for SRK/T, Hoffer and Holladay formulas (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results implicated an overall good reproducibility of anterior keratometry, AL, ACD and WTW measurements for IOLMaster and ANTERION. The discrepancies between their measurements resulted in significant difference in the calculated IOL power for SRK/T, Hoffer and Holladay formulas, but not for Haigis formula.
Numerical solution and bifurcation analysis of nonlinear partial differential equations with extreme learning machines
Authors: Fabiani Gianluca , Calabrò Francesco , Russo Lucia , Siettos Constantinos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe address a new numerical method based on a class of machine learning methods, the so-called Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) with both sigmoidal and radial-basis functions, for the computation of steady-state solutions and the construction of (one-dimensional) bifurcation diagrams of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). For our illustrations, we considered two benchmark problems, namely (a) the one-dimensional viscous Burgers with both homogeneous (Dirichlet) and non-homogeneous boundary conditions, and, (b) the one- and two-dimensional Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand PDEs with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. For the one-dimensional Burgers and Bratu PDEs, exact analytical solutions are available and used for comparison purposes against the numerical derived solutions. Furthermore, the numerical efficiency (in terms of numerical accuracy, size of the grid and execution times) of the proposed numerical machine-learning method is compared against central finite differences (FD) and Galerkin weighted-residuals finite-element (FEM) methods. We show that the proposed numerical machine learning method outperforms in terms of numerical accuracy both FD and FEM methods for medium to large sized grids, while provides equivalent results with the FEM for low to medium sized grids; both methods (ELM and FEM) outperform the FD scheme. Furthermore, the computational times required with the proposed machine learning scheme were comparable and in particular slightly smaller than the ones required with FEM.
Gender stereotypes in equity crowdfunding: the effect of gender bias on the interpretation of quality signals
Authors: Kleinert Simon , Mochkabadi Kazem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEquity crowdfunding has the potential to democratize entrepreneurial finance and provide female entrepreneurs with new and equal access to early-stage financing. In this paper, we present first empirical evidence on gender stereotypes in the context of technology ventures in equity crowdfunding. Drawing on signaling and gender role congruity theory, we hypothesize that quality signals have different effects depending on whether they are sent by male or female entrepreneurs. Results taken from a sample of 263 equity crowdfunding campaigns run by technology ventures confirm our hypotheses. In line with gender stereotypes, management experience is beneficial for male entrepreneurs but detrimental for female entrepreneurs. Interestingly, media coverage as a third-party signal has the oppositive effect, being more effective for female entrepreneurs.
Welcome to a Pink and Blue World! An Analysis of Gender-Typed Content in Birth Announcement Cards From 1940–2019 in the Netherlands
Authors: Endendijk Joyce J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is a longstanding tradition in the Netherlands to announce the birth of a child by sending out birth announcement cards to friends and family. These cards provide a glimpse of the ‘zeitgeist’ over the years regarding gender through the way in which the birth of a son or a daughter is announced. The current study examined the gender-typed content of birth announcement cards from 1940 until 2019. To this end, 4669 birth announcement cards were coded based on the following categories: gender of baby, use of color, different types of images, and different types of text. Logistic regression analyses revealed that boy cards were more likely than girl cards to include blue as the dominant color, masculine descriptions of the baby, and parental expressions of pride. Girl cards were more likely than boy cards to include pink as the dominant color and images of flowers. Over time there was a decrease in the inclusion of masculine descriptions on boy cards, as well as the likelihood that fathers were mentioned before mothers. However, the expression of pride on boy cards increased over time. Overall, the amount of gender-typed content in birth announcement cards was minimal. Birth announcement cards which included gender-typed content tended to reflect gender stereotypes and different expressions for boys and girls in subtle ways that continue to reinforce gender stereotypes.
Elite and Liberal Democracy: A New Equilibrium?
Authors: Campati Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn contemporary democracies, the balance between the minority principle and democratic principles, one of the components underlying the relationship between liberalism and democracy, is being broken. This paper offers a reflection on this theme – crucial for the future of representative government – in relation to the importance of the theory of elites. The article is divided into three parts: the first part briefly traces the main phases of the theory of elites from the late nineteenth century to the present, indicating, for each, the salient features; the second part focuses on the elements characterizing the alliance between the minority principle and democratic principles, which forms the basis of liberal representative democracy, with specific consideration paid to the geometric architecture of democracy, comprising a horizontal dimension and a vertical dimension; finally, the third part argues the need for strengthening the logic of distance to consolidate the connection between the theory of elites and liberal representative democracy.
Did Elitists Really Believe in Social Laws? Some Epistemological Challenges in the Work of Gaetano Mosca and Vilfredo Pareto
Authors: Di Giulio Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe epistemological standards of contemporary social sciences refute ‘functional’ and ‘law-like’ explanations, whereas mechanism-based causal explanations have become widely accepted in various fields of inquiry. The paper supports the hypothesis that authors Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca, despite their deference to positivist epistemology, significantly anticipated these developments. Indeed, with their emphasis on history, contexts and agents, elitists ushered into the debate of their time some arguments that realist epistemology fully developed, emphasising the role of context-specific and, often, not directly observable explanatory features. To illustrate the ante litteram epistemological realism of elitist thinkers, the paper reconstructs the positions of Mosca and Pareto concerning two major themes of that time, in which elitists challenged the mainstream ideas and values of most of their peers with epistemological arguments that refuse a linear notion of causality.
Revisiting the Social Origins of Human Morality: A Constructivist Perspective on the Nature of Moral Sense-Making
Authors: Segovia-Cuéllar Andrés 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA recent turn in the cognitive sciences has deepened the attention on embodied and situated dynamics for explaining different cognitive processes such as perception, emotion, and social cognition. This has fostered an extensive interest in the social and ‘intersubjective’ nature of moral behavior, especially from the perspective of enactivism. In this paper, I argue that embodied and situated perspectives, enactivism in particular, nonetheless require further improvements with regards to their analysis of the social nature of human morality. In brief, enactivist proposals still do not define what features of the social-relational context, or which kind of processes within social interactions, make an evaluation or action morally relevant or distinctive from other types of social normativity. As an alternative to this proclivity, and seeking to complement the enactive perspective, I present a definition of the process of moral sense-making and offer an empirically-based ethical distinction between different domains of social knowledge in moral development. For doing so, I take insights from the constructivist tradition in moral psychology. My objective is not to radically oppose embodied and enactive alternatives but to expand the horizon of their conceptual and empirical contributions to morality research.
A framework for assessing coupling and de-coupling trajectories in river social-ecological systems
Authors: Quintas-Soriano Cristina , Brandt Jodi , Baxter Colden V. , Bennett Elena M. , Requena-Mullor Juan Miguel , Castro Antonio J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe degree of coupling between the social and ecological components of social-ecological systems is seen as fundamental to understanding their functioning, interactions and trajectories. Yet, there is limited work about how to empirically understand the degree of coupling between social and ecological systems, nor the processes by which the degree of coupling could change over time. Here, we introduce a conceptual framework for characterizing trajectories over time of coupling and de-coupling in social-ecological river systems. We analyze two conceptual scenarios describing coupling and de-coupling trajectories in a social-ecological system and define a series of key concepts for understanding social-ecological system trajectories. We tested these coupling and de-coupling trajectories theory by linking these concepts to empirical case examples of two river social-ecological systems in the western United States. Finally, we propose a quantitative approach with the potential for evaluating the level of social-ecological coupling and de-coupling trajectories in other SES contexts. This paper represents an advancing on the identification of specific actions that explain current SES trajectories and immediate actions to reinforce or shift the trajectory.
Nonparametric estimation of directional highest density regions
Authors: Saavedra-Nieves Paula , Crujeiras Rosa M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHighest density regions (HDRs) are defined as level sets containing sample points of relatively high density. Although Euclidean HDR estimation from a random sample, generated from the underlying density, has been widely considered in the statistical literature, this problem has not been contemplated for directional data yet. In this work, directional HDRs are formally defined and plug-in estimators based on kernel smoothing and associated confidence regions are proposed. We also provide a new suitable bootstrap bandwidth selector for plug-in HDRs estimation based on the minimization of an error criteria that involves the Hausdorff distance between the boundaries of the theoretical and estimated HDRs. An extensive simulation study shows the performance of the resulting estimator for the circle and for the sphere. The methodology is applied to analyze two real data sets in animal orientation and seismology.
Schiff Bases and Their Complexes in Organic Light Emitting Diode Application
Authors: Kagatikar Sneha , Sunil Dhanya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOptoelectronics is an active area of research and, for few decades, development of different semiconducting materials with a wide emission window has attracted researchers. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are primarily utilized in displays and light sources that greatly contribute towards the conservation of energy and do not need a backlight for displays. Development in device efficiency, lifetime and stability is now a major concern in this particular application, and designing efficient material for OLEDs has been an active field of research for decades. Metal-organic compounds possess different optical and electronic properties due to metal and organic ligand interactions which are primarily used in OLEDs. This review is mainly focused on the Schiff bases and their metal chelates as a pure emitting layer or as a dopant material for the fabrication of R/G/B/white emitting devices. Moreover, future prospects to explore further to advance research in the OLED arena are also discussed.
Graphic Abstract
An Interaction Effect of Life-Threatening Experience, Self-Efficacy, and Financial Resources on Quality of Life Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Women
Authors: Leung Sik Yee Dion , Liu Chi Pun Ben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current study explores the interaction effect of adversities and self-efficacy at baseline on quality of life (QoL) at follow-up among middle-aged and older Chinese women. 531 women were interviewed in 2008 and 226 of them were re-interviewed a year later using Quality of Life Ladder (QoLL), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), Somatic Complaint Scale, and self-rated health. Respondents’ mean age at baseline was 55.7 (SD = 4.7, range: 50–78). Over a year’s time, respondents had a decline in quality of life and self-rated health (p < .001), experienced more life-threatening events (p < .05) and somatic complaints. The hierarchical multiple regression model, employed in the study, identifies three predictors of future quality of life after adding the interaction term ‘Previous LTE × Previous GSE × Previous household income’ — previous quality of life (β = .492, p < .001), previous LTE (β = -.292, p < .001), and the interaction term (β = .221, p < .05). This model explains 34.1% of the variance of future quality of life (Adjusted R2 = .341, p < .001). The findings suggests that respondents’ good self-appraisal of coping resources could moderate the impact of adversities on their future quality of life. Interventions for promoting positive psychological growth among middle-aged and older adults should cover four domains, i.e. event-related factors, environmental factors, personal factors, and cognitive and coping responses. Traditional Chinese wisdom emphasizes the importance of understanding the bad (‘Yin’—the shady side) and the good (‘Yang’—the sunny side) aspect of life events. Future research may explore the Yin Yang perspective on life-threatening experiences and its applications in cross-cultural quality of life studies in the era of globalization.
Nitrous oxide and methane in a changing Arctic Ocean
Authors: Rees Andrew P. , Bange Hermann W. , Arévalo-Martínez Damian L. , Artioli Yuri , Ashby Dawn M. , Brown Ian , Campen Hanna I. , Clark Darren R. , Kitidis Vassilis , Lessin Gennadi , Tarran Glen A. , Turley Carol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman activities are changing the Arctic environment at an unprecedented rate resulting in rapid warming, freshening, sea ice retreat and ocean acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Trace gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) play important roles in both the atmospheric reactivity and radiative budget of the Arctic and thus have a high potential to influence the region’s climate. However, little is known about how these rapid physical and chemical changes will impact the emissions of major climate-relevant trace gases from the Arctic Ocean. The combined consequences of these stressors present a complex combination of environmental changes which might impact on trace gas production and their subsequent release to the Arctic atmosphere. Here we present our current understanding of nitrous oxide and methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and its relevance for regional and global atmosphere and climate and offer our thoughts on how this might change over coming decades.