bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐fat diet induced obesity accelerates colon tumor formation in AJ and ICR mice
Authors: Park Shin‐Young , Kim Jong‐Sang , Seo Young‐Rok , Sung Mi‐Kyung 
Published: June 2021

Recent studies have indicated that the risk of colorectal cancer is associated with overweight and obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high fat diet induced obesity on the incidence of AOM/DSS‐induced colon carcinogenesis and to elucidate possible mechanisms. Strain‐specific responses were studied using A/J and ICR mice. Study results indicated the tumor numbers in animals fed high fat diet were significantly higher than those of the animals on low‐fat diet. The concentrations of adipose tissue related serum factors including leptin, insulin and IGF‐1 were elevated in obese animals indicating these are one of the possible signals to facilitate colon tumor formation. The expressions of leptin mRNA in adipose tissue and leptin receptor(ObR) mRNA in colon tissue were significantly higher in obese mice compared to those in lean mice only in AJ stain. The protein expressions of ObR, IR, p‐Akt, p‐ERK, Bcl‐xl and cyclin D1 were higher in obese animals than those in lean animals for both strains. These results imply adipose tissue related hormonal factors contribute to colon tumor growth. Strain‐specific responses are also suggested. This study was supported by the SRC program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (2009‐0063409 and R01‐2008‐000‐20708‐0).Grant Funding Source: Nutrition(ASN)
Carbohydrate Intake is Associated with Diet Quality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hwang Ji‐Yun , Park Ji Eun , Kim So Jung , Choi Young Ju , Huh Kap Bum , Chang Namsoo , Kim Wha Young 
Published: June 2021

Recently, high carbohydrate intake has been reported to be related to low diet quality and risk factors of diabetic complications. Traditionally, Koreans consume high quantities of carbohydrates, mainly from white rice. This study was to examine whether excessively high carbohydrate intake (>65% of energy from carbohydrate) was negatively associated with diet balance and quality in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects from an ongoing, prospective study (n=948) were classified according to the percent of energy from carbohydrate intake (4 groups: <55%, 55–59%, 60–64%, and ≥65%). A high carbohydrate diet (≥ 65% of energy) was associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Most of the nutrient and food group intakes per 1000kcal and diet quality decreased with an increase in the percent of energy from carbohydrates. Excessive carbohydrate intake is related to diabetic complications, which may be through unbalanced and low‐quality diet. Carbohydrate intake that constitutes around 50%–55% of total energy intake and a high‐quality diet with adequate vitamins and minerals that includes protein foods, fruits, and vegetables may be recommended to manage and prevent diabetic complications of patients with type 2 diabetes in populations where white rice is consumed as the main staple food.This work was supported by the Second stage of BK21 Project in 2008 and Seoul R&BD Program, No. 10526.
Dietary patterns of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes and their relation to risk factors of diabetic complications
Authors: Hwang Ji‐Yun , Lee Yoon Jung , Kim So Jung , Chang Namsoo , Kim Wha Young 
Published: June 2021

We characterized dietary patterns and their relation to risk factors of diabetic complications in 901 Korean patients with type 2 diabetes from an ongoing, prospective study. Two dietary patterns were empirically derived by principal component analysis composed of 39 food groups: pork and noodle pattern characterized by high intake of pork, boiled pork, processed fish, noodles, pizza, eggs and beverages and vegetable and legume pattern characterized by high intake of vegetables, legumes, mushrooms, seaweed, tofu, Kimchi, anchovy and low fat dairies. The quality of diet measured by Mini Dietary Assessment was lowest in the highest tertile of pork and noodles pattern scores but highest in the highest tertile of vegetable and legume pattern. The highest tertile of pork and noodle pattern scores had significantly greater triglyceride and C‐peptide levels than the lowest tertile whereas the highest tertile of vegetable and legume pattern had significantly lower levels of triglyceride and insulin compared to the lowest tertile. Moreover, subjects with the highest tertile of pork and noodle pattern had a significantly greater risk of having high waist circumferences (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.11–2.29), BMI (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.08–2.17) and diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.09–2.22) than the lowest tertile. Multiple food groups affect diabetic complication risk beyond that of the individual food groups.This work was supported by the Second stage of BK21 Project in 2008 and Seoul R&BD Program, No. 10526.
The elevated serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in obesity is influenced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and not body mass index (BMI)
Authors: SUKUMAR DEEPTHA , PARTRIDGE NICOLA , WANG XIANGBING , SHAPSES SUE 
Published: June 2021

Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 is an inflammatory cytokine that is produced predominantly by macrophages, endothelial cells and is expressed in adipose tissue, and also by the mature osteoblast. PTH administration increases gene expression and serum MCP‐1 in rodents, yet both MCP‐1 and PTH are elevated in obesity. The goal in this study was to determine whether the higher MCP‐1 in obesity is influenced by PTH. We recruited 84 women aged 51 ± 10 years, who were either normal‐weight (NL‐wt, n = 38, BMI = 22 ± 2 kg/m2) or obese (Ob, n = 46, BMI = 44 ± 7 kg/m2) and further separated them into 2 categories based on median of PTH. BMI, fat mass, lean mass and calcium intake did not differ in the two PTH groups in NL‐wt and Ob women. PTH was inversely associated with serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels in the entire population (r = −0.31, p<0.01). Ob and NL‐wt women in the high PTH groups had higher MCP‐1 (p<0.05) and no difference in control adipokines [C‐reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin]. As expected, CRP was higher and adiponectin was lower (p<0.05) in Ob than NL‐wt women, whereas MCP‐1 did not differ due to weight category. We found that the positive association between MCP‐1 and BMI was only present when PTH was <40 pg/mL (normal = 10–55 pg/mL). Together, these data suggest that when serum PTH is in the high‐normal range, it has a greater influence on MCP‐1 than BMI, as observed in both NL‐wt and Ob women.Grant Funding Source: CENTER FOR CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES (CCTS)‐ UMDNJ
A high fat diet reduces the expression of lipogenic, lipolytic and oxidative genes in white adipose tissue. The effect of the concentration and type of fatty acid is dependent of the dietary protein
Authors: Diaz‐Villaseñor Andrea , Palacios‐Gonzalez Berenice , Tovar‐Palacio Claudia , Tovar Armando R , Torres Nimbe 
Published: June 2021

It has been postulated that not only the quantity, but also the type of dietary fat has important implications in the metabolism of lipids and glucose, therefore in obesity. Fatty acids are important mediators of gene expression of metabolic enzymes in the liver, whereas its role in adipose tissue, also involved in metabolism homeostasis, has been little studied. The present study shows that in white adipose tissue of hyperleptinemic and hyperinsulinemic Zucker fa/fa rats chronically fed 5% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis (SREBP‐1, ACC, FAS, SCD‐1), fatty acid oxidation (PPARα, CPT‐1, UCP‐1, 2 and 3 and AOX) and glucose homeostasis (AMPKα, LKB1 and GLUT4) was dependent by the type of protein consumed (casein or soy), maintaining in both the functionality of the adipocyte. However, if the amount of fat increased in the diet (10%), the expression of all the measured genes was abated drastically, including the lipolytic ones (HSL and perilipin). Gene expression was dependent of the type of fat consumed (PUFA or saturated fatty acids) as well as of the type of protein. Of the four groups tested with 10% of dietary fat, the least affected was the group fed PUFA with soy protein. The action of the different sort of fatty acids in conjunction with the type of protein as regulators of gene expression in the adipose tissue was independent of insulin and leptin.Supported by the INCMNSZ
HIGH‐FAT DIET: EFFECTS ON SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Authors: Perris Paula Daniela , Feliu María Susana , Fernandez Inés , Slobodianik Nora 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies demonstrated statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in the concentration of triglycerides(TG) in a group fed with a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and another group fed with a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids. The objective of this study is to analyze the same parameters in rats fed with the same diets for a longer period. Wistar rats (n=12) at weaning were divided into 2 groups(S,M) and fed during 40 days diets with 20% protein and 50% fat and complete in other nutrients. The source of fat was: butter and cocoa butter(S), olive and soybean oils(M). The control group(C) received isocaloric diet containing casein.Rats were killed and serum Triglyceride concentration, total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol were determined by enzymatic‐colorimetric method; LDL was calculated (Friedwald equation).The results (mg/dL) expressed as mean+SD were: TG:S=191.1+49.2;M=152.5+87.3;C=98.3±26.9;TC:S=95.0±6.7;M =95.4±10.7;C=83.3±7.2;HDL:S=41.1±5.6;M=48.9±6.4;C=42.2±15.5;LDL:S=15.7±6.2;M=15.9±9.0;C=21.4±11.7.The study demonstrated that the administration of diets high content in fat for long period of time increases only the TG in group S (p< 0.01) compared with C. The global analyses suggest that the administration of a diet high in saturated fat, produces the same effect on serum lipid profile independently of the period of time.Supported by UBA(B074)
Impact of sex hormones on cutaneous neurovascular responses in humans
Authors: Brunt Vienna E , Miner Jennifer A , Martini Emily R , Smith Michael M , Kaplan Paul F , Minson Christopher T 
Published: June 2021

PurposeWe examined the impact of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on skin local heating (LH) to 42°C and reactive hyperemia (RH) responses in 23 healthy young women.MethodsSubjects were studied for 3 trials over 10–12 days. Endogenous sex hormones were suppressed with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist (GnRHa). Subjects were studied on day 4 (trial 1) of GnRHa only. Subjects were studied 3–4 days later (trial 2) following treatment with either 0.1mg/day E2 by transdermal patch or 200mg/day P4 orally. Subjects were studied again 3–4 days later (trial 3), following treatment with both E2 and P4. Subjects underwent identical LH and RH protocols on all study days.ResultsAll blood flow values are given as percent of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax). E2 alone increased initial peak CVC from 71 ± 2 to 79 ± 2% (p=0.01). P4 alone increased initial peak CVC from 73 ± 2 to 78 ± 2% (p=0.01). E2 alone increased nadir CVC from 56 ± 3 to 65 ± 2% (p=0.02). P4 increased nadir CVC from 62 ± 2 to 66 ± 3% (p=0.07). Neither E2 nor P4 increased plateau CVC, although a small statistically significant increase was seen between suppression and P4 alone (p=0.04). No significant changes were seen between trials 2 and 3 for either group. No differences were observed for the RH response.ConclusionsBoth E2 and P4 increase initial peak and nadir CVC when added back following GnRH suppression.Supported by NIH Grant HL081671
Aging is associated with a dysregulated human skeletal muscle microRNA‐499 and ‐208b expression following resistance exercise
Authors: Drummond Micah J , Fry Christopher S , Glynn Erin L , Timmerman Kyle L , Volpi Elena , Rasmussen Blake B 
Published: June 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are novel post‐transcriptional gene regulators associated with skeletal muscle myogenesis and tissue regeneration. Sarcopenia is associated with resistance to anabolic stimuli such as exercise and nutrition. Therefore, we hypothesized that skeletal muscle miRNA expression after exercise would be dysregulated in older humans and may play a role in the etiology of this anabolic resistance. To address our hypothesis, young (n=5) and older (n=5) male subjects participated in a single bout of leg resistance exercise and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were sampled at Basal, 6 and 24h postexercise. Samples were analyzed utilizing real‐time PCR for gene expression levels of miR‐1, ‐206, ‐499, and ‐208b. We found that miR‐499 and ‐208b expression were upregulated at 6h postexercise in young (P<0.05) but unchanged in older subjects. MiRNA‐1 and ‐206 were downregulated at 6 and 24h postexercise in both groups (P<0.05). Myostatin (predicted target of miR‐499 and ‐208b) expression was decreased at 6 and 24h postexercise in both groups. IGF‐1 (predicted target of miR‐1 and ‐206) expression was elevated at 6 and 24h postexercise only in the young. We conclude that a bout of heavy resistance exercise alters the expression of human skeletal muscle miRNAs, however, aging is associated with an inability of exercise to alter miR‐499 or ‐208b. Identifying gene targets of these miRNAs will be the focus of future work.Supported by NIA P30 AG‐024832 (MJD) & NIAMS grant R01 AR049877 (BBR)
Characterization of a novel transcriptional feedback loop regulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Bagattin Alessia , Hugendubler Lynne , Mueller Elisabetta 
Published: June 2021

The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a key regulatory function in mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. It is highly induced upon cold exposure in brown fat, exercise in skeletal muscle and fasting in liver. The function of PGC‐1α has been extensively studied, but not much is known about how PGC‐1α activity is regulated. In order to identify novel PGC‐1α modulators, we characterized novel interacting molecules from nuclear liver extracts via biochemical purification followed by mass‐spectrometry analysis. Among a number of interactors we chose to study ACOX1 (Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase). ACOX1 is the first and rate‐limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal fatty acid β‐oxidation and its expression is known to be under the control of PPARα, a transcription factor involved in fatty acid metabolism, potently coactivated by PGC‐1α. By in vitro pull‐down assay and by co‐immunoprecipitation in Hek293 cells, we reconfirmed that PGC‐1α interacts with ACOX1. ACOX1 is able to increase the transcriptional activity of the PGC‐1α/PPARα complex in luciferase assays. These results suggest that ACOX1 is able to modulate its own expression by enhancing the activity of its own transcriptional regulator PGC‐1α, creating a positive feedback loop that regulates lipid metabolism.Supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIDDK, NIH.
Dietary iron deficiency alters emotional behavior and impairs motor coordination in young rats
Authors: Li Yuan , Kim Jonghan , Wessling‐Resnick Marianne 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron deficiency anemia induced by diet in young rats on emotional, cognitive, and motor functions. Three‐week old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were weighed, ranked and assigned to be pair fed standard chow (200 ppm iron) or iron‐deficient diet (2–6 ppm iron). After one month, hematocrit values were 42.1 and 16.2% (p<0.05; n=8), liver non‐heme iron values were 131.2 and 11.6 ppm (p<0.05; n=8), and serum iron values were 47.33 and 23.27 μM (p<0.05; n=8) respectively. Elevated plus maze was used to study emotional behavior. Iron deficiency anemic (IDA) rats had fewer entries to open arms (0.3 vs 1.8, p<0.05; n=8) and spent less time in open arms (0.88 vs 13.0 sec, p<0.05; n=8). Novel object recognition in open field was employed to study learning and memory, and this test did not show significant difference between IDA and control (CON) rats in neither short‐term nor long‐term memory trial. Motor skills were measured on a standard accelerating rotarod device. The peak speed attained on rotarod by IDA rats was significantly lower than CON rats (22.5 vs 29 rpm, p<0.05; n=8). These data show that IDA rats behave more anxiously and their motor coordination is impaired by iron deficiency.This study was supported by NIH R01 ES014638.
Protection of SNpc neurons by water soluble CoQ10 in a paraquat induced rat model of Parkinson's disease: The role of neurotrophic factors
Authors: Facecchia Katie , Sandhu J. K. , Sikorska M. , Somayajulu‐Nitu M. , Dadwal P. , Rafo N. , Church K. , Cohen J. , Borowy‐Borowski H , Pandey S. , Weinstock Shelley 
Published: June 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that results from the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Studies show that mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress is a major contributor to this disease. Currently there is no treatment to halt the progression of PD. Recently we have shown that water‐soluble coenzyme Q10 (WS‐CoQ10, NRC technology licensed to Zymes LLC) prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc and ameliorates the symptoms of paraquat (PQ)‐inducted PD in the rat model. We have observed that there is activation of astroglia in the brains of WS‐CoQ10 treated animals. Whether this activation plays a role in protecting SNpc neurons is unknown. It is possible that activated astroglia cells produce neurotrophic factors that may protect neurons under oxidative stress. We analyzed brain tissue samples from PQ treated PD rats fed with either placebo or WS‐CoQ10 for DA neurons, activation of astroglia and levels of various neurotrophic growth factors. We observed significant protection of DA neurons in the SNpc, activated astroglia and increased levels of BDNF and GDNF in WS‐CoQ10 fed rats. These results indicate that WS‐CoQ10 treatment could activate astroglia that produce high levels of BDNF and GDNF and could provide protection to the DA neurons against PQ toxicity and may be used to halt PD progression.Funded by CIHR.
Changes in physical activity upon entry to elementary school
Authors: Jauregui Alejandra , Hernández Salvador Villalpando , Baltazar Eduardo Rangel , Hernández Jessica Castro , Zamudio Yaveth Adriana Lara 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the physical activity performed in the last year of kindergarten and the first grade elementary school in a cohort of Mexican children.MethodsPhysical activity (7 d triaxial accelerometry) and anthropometry data of 257 prescholers (111 boys & 146 girls) from Cuernavaca, Morelos were measured in the last year of kindergarten and first grade of elementary school. Daily activity counts, and time spent in inactivity, sendentary, light and moderate/vigorous activity were calculated. For weekdays, counts/hr during school time and leisure time were calculated. Longitudinal analyses were performed using multilevel generalized linear models controlling by potential confusing factors.ResultsDaily activity counts were 8.2% lower (p<0.001) in elementary school than in kindergarten. Sedentary activity increased 32 min/d (15.8–48.2) and moderate/vigorous activity decreased 21.3 min/d (8.6–34.0) in elementary school compared to preschool. On weekdays, PA decrease occurred during school time (Kindergarten: 7.8 counts/hr IC95% 7.5, 8.1; Elementary school: 5.8 counts/hr IC95% 5.5, 6.1) but not during leisure time (Kindergarten: 5.6 counts/hr IC95% 5.3, 5.9; Elementary school: 5.3 counts/hr IC95% 5.0, 5.6). When stratifying by baseline BMI category, changes were only observed in children with normal BMI.ConclusionThe results of this study show a decrease in PA upon entry to elementary school. This might explain the sudden increase of obesity prevalence in school age children.
Muscle overuse affecting the triceps surae muscle in one leg leads to similar muscle/neuropeptide changes in the exercised and the non‐exercised leg – Studies using an animal model
Authors: Song Yafeng , Stål Per , Yu Jiguo , Lorentzon Ronny , Forsgren Sture 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA rabbit model for investigating the effects of muscle overuse affecting the triceps surae muscle, including examinations on the magnitude of a neuropeptide which can have pro‐inflammatory properties (substance P [SP]), was used.MethodA “kicking machine” was used for New Zealand white rabbits during 1, 3 and 6 weeks of exercise (2h of exercise every second day). Electrical stimulation was given in the plantar flexion phase. Specimens from the experimental (exercised) side as well as from the contralateral side were taken. Morphologic evaluations, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were applied.ResultsThe muscle morphology was affected in response to the exercise in the muscles of both legs. SP immunoreactions were noted for inflammatory cells and neurokinin‐1 receptor was expressed in inflammatory cells and necrotic muscle fibers. ELISA analyses revealed that the SP levels in the soleus muscle part were significantly increased in both the exercised and the non‐exercised leg after 3 and 6 weeks of training, as compared to non‐exercised animals.ConclusionsMuscle overuse via this model leads to changes also in the muscle on the contralateral side. The observations show that examining the contralateral side in this animal model is defenetely not optimal when evaluating the response to the exercise. The occurrence of bilateral changes may be related to effects that are inforced via the nervous system.
Supplement with encapsulated vegetable and fruit juice powder concentrate improves microcirculation and ultrastructure in human skin
Authors: Boddie Anita M , Heinrich Ulrike , Garbe Birgit , Wiebusch Mathilde , Tronnier Hagen 
Published: June 2021

AimTo determine changes in skin physiological parameters during the intake of vegetable and fruit juice powder concentrate (JPC) vs. placebo capsules over 12 wk. Changes in microcirculation, hydration properties, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and changes in ultrastructure of the skin (thickness and density) were determined.MethodsMicrocirculation measurements were performed with an O2C device (Lea Instruments, Giessen, DE). Hydration was assessed by Corneometer CM 825. Barrier function of the skin, TEWL, was measured on a Tewameter (Courage & Khazaka Electronics, Cologne, DE) and skin thickness and density using ultrasound (B‐Scan, Dermascan C, Cortex Technology, DK).Subjects52 female (age 40–65) subjects were randomly assigned in a double blind fashion to either the JPC group or placebo group. All tests were performed at baseline, wk 6 and wk 12.ResultsPercent change and significance (p<0.05) were assessed. At wk 12, compared to placebo, the JPC group had:
Significant improvement of microcirculation by 36% (flow 1 mm depth),
Significant improvement of the skin thickness by 6% and skin density by 17%, and
Significant increase of skin hydration by 9% and a decrease of TEWL by 4% (ns).
ConclusionThe JPC group had improved skin microcirculation and ultrastructure, skin hydration and barrier function. The placebo group showed no significant changes. Support: NSA (TN, USA)