bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aircraft takeoff speed prediction with machine learning: parameter analysis and model development
Authors: Karaburun N.N. , Arık Hatipoğlu S. , Konar M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With developing technology, the usage areas of aircraft are constantly expanded. In aircraft designed for different missions, it is an important issue to evaluate many design possibilities and make optimum designs by taking into account many parameters that are not directly connected to each other with equal importance. In this context, issues such as safety and performance come to the fore in aircraft designs. One of the critical situations affecting flight safety is the takeoff and landing phases of the aircraft. The speed changes that occur in these stages are an important issue. In this study, takeoff speed was predicted with different machine learning algorithms using takeoff speed data of the Boeing B-737-300 type aircraft. Linear regression, support vector regression, classification and regression trees, random forest regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithms were selected from machine learning algorithms for takeoff speed prediction. Base models were created with these selected algorithms and the takeoff speed was predicted by training the data. Considering the obtained results, feature engineered was applied to minimise the error values of the proposed base models. In models developed by applying feature engineered, error values were reduced and better performance was observed in takeoff speed prediction. Takeoff speed values obtained with the developed models and actual flight speed values are presented comparatively for the first time in the literature. The simulation results emphasise that the developed models can be used as an effective and alternative method for takeoff speed prediction.
“A Kind of Literary Archeology”: Excavating Morocco’s Slave Past under the Protectorate (1912–1956)
Authors: Calhoun Doyle D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Slavery persisted in Morocco well into the twentieth century and throughout the French Protectorate (1912–56), long after it was abolished in other French-occupied territories (1848). While work by historians has illuminated a previously shadowy history of race and slavery in Morocco, less attention has been paid to the growing corpus of literary texts representing enslaved subjectivities under the Protectorate. Through their literary excavations of the slave past, such works retell the history of Moroccan slavery from the perspective of those most affected. This essay takes translator Nouzha Fassi Fihri’s Dada l’Yakout (2010) as a case in point. Although marketed as a novel, the text is also a dense oral history that channels the voice of an enslaved woman who really existed: Jmia, who was abducted as a child at the beginning of the twentieth century and died in 1975. Considered as “Moroccan other-archive” (El Guabli 2023) and imaginative archeology, literary works chart a way forward for reckoning with the enduring legacies of slavery and the slave trade in Morocco.
Development of the Disaster Risk Perception Scale: Evaluation of Its Impact on Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Kiymis Ibrahim , Kaya Afsin Ahmet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Developing a disaster risk perception scale is a critical component of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), enabling the assessment and evaluation of the reactions, behaviors, and risk culture characteristics of individuals living under disaster risk. The objective of this study is to develop a disaster risk perception scale and to assess its effect on disaster preparedness.

Methods
A pilot study was conducted with 359 participants, followed by a main study involving 786 participants. All participants resided in Giresun and Elazig, Turkey, the regions recently affected by earthquakes, floods, and landslides.

Results
A reliable and valid disaster risk perception scale with 25 items and 5 dimensions (exposure/impact, probability, uncontrollable, worry/fear, and vulnerability) was developed. The disaster risk perception of the participants differed significantly according to their educational level, income level, city of residence, and disaster education. As per the multiple regression analysis, the exposure/impact and worry/fear variables had positive and significant effects on disaster preparedness.

Conclusions
For future studies, it is recommended to implement the disaster risk perception scale across diverse disaster types to assess and evaluate the outcomes effectively.
Are There Demographic Objections to Democracy?
Authors: Gibbons Adam F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Proponents of epistocracy claim that amplifying the political power of politically knowledgeable citizens can mitigate some of the harmful effects of widespread political ignorance, since being politically knowledgeable improves one’s ability to make sound political decisions. But many critics of epistocracy suggest that we have no reason to expect it to make better decisions than democracy, for those who are politically knowledgeable can also possess other attributes that compromise their ability to make sound political decisions. This is one version of the Demographic Objection to epistocracy, and in this paper I argue that the reasoning which underlies it generalizes in such a way that it applies not only to epistocracy but also to democracy. Thus, there are demographic objections to both epistocracy and democracy. I argue that such demographic objections to democracy have important and overlooked implications. Among other things, they imply that we should be skeptical about the arguments of epistemic democrats; they count against proposals to democratize extant epistocratic practices and institutions; and they even count against certain democratic reforms taking place within a wholly democratic framework.
How to Lead an Academic Social Network
Authors: Davidson Cathy N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dubbed “the world’s first and oldest academic social network” by a grant reviewer at the National Science Foundation, HASTAC (Humanities, Arts, Science, and Technology Alliance and Collaboratory or “Haystack”) built its first interactive website in 2002. Now, 22 years later, HASTAC has some 18,000 network members, over 400 institutional members, and a thriving graduate-student-led HASTAC Scholars program that selects 100 new student members each year. Co-Director Cathy N. Davidson co-founded HASTAC with David Theo Goldberg and numerous other scholars in the humanities and social sciences working in tandem with computer scientists and programmers. Before Wikipedia, Facebook, or Twitter (now X), HASTAC created an open-access, public network with the purpose of making full use of evolving affordances of technology while also critiquing and seeking to improve issues of access, ethics, gender and racial bias, and social and environmental impact. This essay details what it takes to lead and sustain a dues-free, participatory social network with community standards and collaborative decision-making, and where any network member is invited to blog, post, start dialogues, and lead research initiatives, across institutional and other boundaries.
From Sojourner to National Icon: Chua Boon Hean
Authors: Chung Stephanie Po-Yin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper takes a transregional approach to examine primary historical sources that reveal the significance of the experiential and professional meanderings of Chua Boon Hean (1905-1995) for Southeast Asian studies. Chua was a writer and artist who emigrated from Chaozhou in southern China to Malaya in the 1920s. He became a prominent figure in the film industry and is recognised as a cultural icon of post-independence Singapore. Chua’s story calls for a careful re-examination of the ambiguities and connections between ‘diaspora’, ‘ethnicity’ and ‘borders’. While policymakers had reasons to adopt such labels to manage a diverse population in a colonial and post-colonial setting, researchers must recognise the limits and implications of such efforts. Experiences of social belonging and ethnic identity – more malleable than categories might allow – repudiate this approach of rigid labelling. By adding new dimensions and fresh primary sources from Chua’s archive to ongoing discussions in Southeast Asian studies, this paper illuminates the fluidity of Chinese diasporic networks and ethnic identity overseas. By examining Chua’s story through a transregional historical lens, this paper lays the groundwork for a more imaginative approach to understanding the elastic and fluid process of identity formation in modern Asia. Such a perspective can contribute significantly to the current climate of heightened mobilities and politicised exchanges in Southeast Asia.
Early Career Perspectives to Broaden the Scope of Critical Zone Science
Authors: Warix Sara , Johnson Keira , Adamchak Clifford , Dumont Marc , Kerins Devon , Knapp Abigail , Sarup Ojas , Miller Hannah , Newman Connor , D'Arcy Sophie , Graup Louis , Swift Bird Kenneth , Yilangai Rahila 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCritical Zone (CZ) scientists have advanced understanding of Earth's surface through process‐based research that quantifies water, energy, and mass fluxes in predominantly undisturbed systems. However, the CZ is being increasingly altered by humans through climate and land use change. Expanding the scope of CZ science to include both human‐ and non‐human controls on the CZ is important for understanding anthropogenic impacts to Earth's surface processes and ecosystem services. Here, we share perspectives from predominantly U.S.‐based, early career CZ scientists centered around broadening the scope of CZ science to focus on societally relevant science through a transdisciplinary science framework. We call for increased training on transdisciplinary methods and collaboration opportunities across disciplines and with stakeholders to foster a scientific community that values transdisciplinary science alongside physical science. Here, we build on existing transdisciplinary research frameworks by highlighting the need for institutional support to include and educate graduate students throughout the research processes. We also call for graduate‐student‐led initiatives to increase their own exposure to transdisciplinary science through activities such as transdisciplinary‐focused seminars and symposiums, volunteering with local conservation groups, and participating in internships outside academia.
Metal‐Silicate Partitioning of Si, O, and Mg at High Pressures and High Temperatures: Implications to the Compositional Evolution of Core‐Forming Metallic Melts
Authors: Pu Chang , Gao Xiujin , Wu Zhengyang , Du Zhixue , Jing Zhicheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐pressure and high‐temperature experiments were conducted to investigate the partitioning behaviors of Si, O, and Mg between molten Fe‐alloys and silicate melts in the Fe‐Si‐O‐Mg system under conditions of 2–72 GPa and 2000–5500 K, using both laser‐heated diamond anvil cells and a multi‐anvil press. Combing our new experimental results with previously published data, we evaluated the effects of pressure, temperature, and metallic compositions on the partitioning behaviors of Si, O, and Mg. A set of internally consistent interaction parameters between Si, O, and Mg were obtained by the simultaneous fitting of distribution coefficients for all three elements in the Fe‐Si‐O‐Mg system. The composition‐dependent distribution coefficients were applied in calculating the compositional evolution of metallic melts during multi‐stage core formation. Our results suggest that the core‐forming metallic melts would contain more Si and O than previously estimated due to the attractive interactions of light elements in the metal. Compared to the geophysically constrained core composition, these findings imply the exsolution of light elements, likely in the form of SiO2, from the outer core upon cooling.
Mantle Dynamics of the Long‐Lived Middle Yangtze Basaltic Field: Insight From a Combined Geochemical and Numerical Modeling Approach
Authors: Dai Hong‐Kun , Xiong Qing , Zheng Jian‐Ping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMelting for the generation of intracontinental diffuse basaltic fields is generally ascribed to the effects from lithospheric dynamic processes, but how the asthenospheric dynamics influence the overlying lithosphere remains poorly known. Here, this is explored via a combined geochemical and numerical modeling study on the long‐lived Middle Yangtze basaltic field adjacent to the Dabie orogenic belt, central China. This basaltic field with a southwestard younging trend consists of 110–40 Ma basaltic rocks that show alkaline to sub‐alkaline major‐oxide compositions, oceanic island basalt‐like trace‐element patterns and MORB‐like Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic ratios. The elemental and isotopic signatures show that the basaltic episodes generally underwent fractionation in the crust‐mantle transition zone from sub‐alkaline parental melts, which were produced by decompression melting of asthenosphere under a thinned (<2 GPa) lithosphere. Thermodynamic‐based Bayesian probabilistic inversions on rare‐earth element data further show that the melting for different basaltic episodes occurred at consistently shallow depths (40–60 km) and ambient mantle‐like potential temperatures (1350–1400°C). Together with regional lithospheric seismic imaging and the orogenic evolution nearby, the southwestard younging trend likely records progressive erosion of the basal lithosphere from the northern margin of the Yangtze block to its interior; the lithospheric thinning was likely triggered by an inland propagating chain of mantle instabilities at lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary initiated by the delamination of the Dabie orogenic root. We suggest that the proposed model should have general relevance to many other intraplate diffuse basaltic fields with similar spatiotemporal features.
Recent Decline in Global Ocean Evaporation Due To Wind Stilling
Authors: Ma Ning , Zhang Yongqiang , Yang Yuting 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOcean evaporation (Eo) is the major source of atmospheric water vapor and precipitation. While it is widely recognized that Eo may increase in a warming climate, recent studies have reported a diminished increase in the global water vapor since ∼2000s, raising doubts about recent changes in Eo. Using satellite observations, here we show that while global Eo strongly increased from 1988 to 2017, the upward trend reversed in the late 2000s. Since then, two‐thirds of the ocean have experienced weakened evaporation, leading to a slight decreasing trend in global‐averaged Eo during 2008–2017. This suggests that even with saturated surface, a warmer climate does not always result in increased evaporation. The reversal in Eo trend is primarily attributed to wind stilling, which is likely tied to the Northern Oscillation Index shifting from positive to negative phases. These findings offer crucial insights into diverse responses of global hydrological cycle to climate change.
Modulation of Inverse Kinetic Energy Transfer by Eddy Current Feedback and Its Underlying Dynamics in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Peiran , Jing Zhao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe eddy current feedback (ECFB), an important sink for eddy kinetic energy (EKE), deflects the oceanic EKE to the atmosphere and is also found to influence the oceanic cross‐scale kinetic energy (KE) transfer. However, the underlying dynamics of ECFB modulating KE transfer still lack thorough investigation. In this study, the ECFB is found to substantially reduce the inverse KE transfer, with this reduction extending to a depth of 500 m in the Kuroshio Extension. Within the surface boundary layer (SBL), the weakened inverse KE transfer is attributed to the enhanced EKE loss to the atmosphere and reduced conversion from eddy available potential energy (EAPE) to EKE. Below the SBL, conversion from EAPE to EKE becomes the sole dominant driver of the reduced inverse KE transfer. On the one hand, the negative wind work induced by ECFB enhances EKE loss within the SBL. On the other hand, the weakened meander fronts and the consequent suppressed baroclinic instability are responsible for the weakened conversion from EAPE to EKE under ECFB. Under ECFB, the growth rate of the baroclinic instability decreases by 12%. The reduction in meander fronts is caused by the diminished meander KE and the associated weakening of the strain rate, which is due to the pressure work divergence resulting from Ekman pumping under ECFB.
Improved Ship Emission Model Considering Load Factor‐Based Power and Hull Shape: Implication in a Chinese Port Cluster
Authors: Yun Unhyok , Fan Zhaoyang , Ho Chung Song , Peng Jianfei , Wu Lin , Yang Lei , Mao Hongjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractShipping emissions are a major source of atmospheric pollutants globally. Accurate ship emission inventories are the key for developing pollution control strategies, but simulating the operating power of a ship under different navigational conditions is a challenge in ship emission estimation. Here, to improve the accuracy of the traditional power model and to establish framework for ship emissions in the port area, an improved load factor‐based power model considering the impact of hull shape on the ship's resistance was proposed and applied to estimate the ship pollutant emissions. A series of data preprocessing methods were constructed based on automated identification system (AIS) high‐precision measured data, including filling gaps and outliers, identifying vessel's operating mode with geofencing, and assigning fuel information by navigation area. The proposed power model and the AIS data preprocessing method were applied to estimate the ship pollutant emissions within Qingdao Port, China, in 2020. The total ship emissions were 1.27 × 104, 6.33 × 104, 1.91 × 103, 1.76 × 103, 3.11 × 103, and 7.52 × 103 tone for SO2, NOX, PM10, PM2.5, HC, and CO, respectively. As for emissions from ocean‐going vessels, the proposed power model estimation was 3.9% lower than the propeller law power model and 2.4% higher than the admiralty law power model. We highlight that the proposed power model could be of large benefit in accurately evaluating regional ship emissions in the future, which can provide scientific assurance for ship emission inventory construction and green port development.
Novel Isotopic Evidence Unveils Greater Contributions of Waste Incineration to PM2.5‐Bound Antimony in Two Mega‐Cities
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Guangyi , Wu Yunjie , Li Xinyu , Guan Dong‐Xing , Liu Jinling , Ma Lena Q. , Feng Xinbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPM2.5‐bound antimony (Sb) may threaten human health and sustainable development, necessitating accurate source identification for its effective control. This study pioneered the application of Sb isotope signatures to trace PM2.5‐bound Sb sources, presenting the first isotopic fingerprints of Sb in urban PM2.5. We selected two mega‐cities with contrasting profiles: more developed Wuhan in central and less developed Guiyang in southwest China. Urban PM2.5 in both cities exhibited an ε123Sb value of 1.84 ± 0.79‱, with a distinct seasonal pattern, that is, heavier isotopes in spring/winter and lighter in summer/autumn. Isotopic source apportionment revealed waste incineration as the predominant anthropogenic Sb source in PM2.5 for both cites at 34.0–39.1%, despite their massive economic and industrial differences. Brake wear emerged as the second major anthropogenic source, especially in Wuhan, where vehicle ownership is greater, accounting for 21.2%. Complementary analyses using enrichment factor, elemental ratios, positive matrix factorization modeling, and backward trajectory analysis corroborated the isotopic findings. This study offers a novel isotopic approach to identify PM2.5‐bound Sb sources, unveiling waste incineration and brake wear as major anthropogenic contributors from a new isotopic perspective.
Topographical Analysis of Libya Linea on Europa: Geologic Evolution and Identification of a New Putative Cryovolcanic or Diapir Field
Authors: Matteoni Pietro , Chiarolanza Gianluca , Mitri Giuseppe , Jaumann Ralf , Hillier Jon , Postberg Frank 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOn Jupiter's icy moon Europa, bands played a crucial role in its geological evolution. Large‐scale bands such as Libya Linea (LL), which has previously not been studied with an applied method as other prominent Europan bands, offer insights into the icy moon's regional geologic history. To unravel the evolution of LL, our study employed a detailed topographic analysis, complementing a previous tectonic reconstruction (Collins et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007492). While said reconstruction provided a comprehensive view of western LL's tectonic evolution, our study introduces a critical topographic dimension, revealing nuanced differences and emphasizing the importance of an investigation that included LL's eastern portions. We identified distinctive topographic signatures indicative of different deformation stages. The analysis of eastern LL, previously not studied in detail, allowed us to define and characterize the topographic signatures of younger and older parts of LL. In western LL, the topographic characteristics of some branches of LL aligned with those of young branches in its eastern parts, while the topographic signatures in other LL branches supported their previous interpretation as formed during early and intermediate deformation stages. Furthermore, the identification of transpressive features in western LL partially challenged the previous reconstruction, suggesting reworking processes at late evolutionary stages. Overall, our integrated topographic and morpho‐stratigraphic analysis broadens the understanding of LL's evolution and bands on Europa in general. Additionally, the identification of a small area of putative cryovolcanic or diapiric activity adds intriguing elements for future exploration of this region with the Europa Clipper and JUICE spacecraft.
Effects of Vegetation on Runoff Hydrodynamics and Erosion Morphologies in Headcut Erosion Processes in the Loess Tableland Region
Authors: Lou Yibao , Zhu Yanan , Wei Jie , Wang Wenlong , Guo Mingming , Kang Hongliang , Feng Lanqian , Yang Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVegetation significantly affects the soil properties and runoff processes of gully head systems, thereby affecting their development. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of vegetation on gully headcut erosion remain unclear. To explore these mechanisms, a series of simulation experiments were carried out on plots with four types of vegetation and bare land (BL). The results revealed that vegetation reduces the runoff velocity in the upstream area (Vup), gully head brink (Vbrink), and gully bed (Vbed) areas by 15%–70%, 3%–54%, and 1%–30%, respectively, and that vegetation type impacts Vup, with no obvious impacts on Vbrink, the jet flow velocity (Vjet) or Vbed. Vegetation reduced the jet flow shear stress (τjet) under low inflow discharge, but under high inflow discharge, it increased τjet. Different vegetation types exhibited different effects on the increase in the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (f) and Manning roughness coefficient (n) in the upstream area, whereas the effect of vegetation on the f and n value of the gully bed was not obvious. Vegetation reduced the gully head retreat length. Compared with BL, vegetation reduced the rate of soil loss by 31%–95%. Vegetation significantly and directly affects soil characteristics, hydrodynamic parameters, and gully head morphology. The gully head morphology significantly and directly influences the soil loss rate, which ultimately affected the length of gully head retreat. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of vegetation in gully headcut erosion, offering a scientific foundation for the implementation of preventive measures against such erosion.