bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health concerns regarding malnutrition among the older populations: considerations from a Slovenian perspective
Authors: Brglez Monika , Plazar Nadja , Poklar Vatovec Tamara , Meulenberg Cécil J W 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Diet is an important factor in a healthy lifestyle for all age groups. However, with aging it is important to be aware that the diet, due to changed physiology, needs an accordingly adjusted and balanced daily regime. This article reviews the field of older population’s nutrition and presents: the most common nutritional disorders, causes, demographics and malnutrition measurement tools. Relevant scientific literature as well as professional Slovenian papers were identified through specific searches with topic-related keywords in EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science and COBISS databases. The results of the identified papers are subsequently discussed in a descriptive narrative. The reviewed literature shows noticeable trends of high proportions of malnutrition among older persons, both globally and in Slovenia: predominantly observed are overnutrition like overweight and obese, but as well, and often unnoticed, undernutrition. The latter is more worrying, as inadequate knowledge in health care institutions regarding nutritional screening tools and measures to prevent drastic forms of undernutrition, seem to facilitate these trends. Though there are many reasons for insufficient food intake in older people, the article formulates considerations that can feed appropriate education and awareness programs, and through correct screening point to timely identification of malnourished individuals and those with risk of malnutrition. The promotion and implementation of such considerations could prevent malnutrition among the older population, reduce the frequency of nutritional disorders and co-morbidities, and generally improve the nutritional status of the older population, thus, provide better quality of health later in life.
Failure properties of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms with dysfunctional tricuspid aortic valves
Authors: Sokolis Dimitrios P , Angouras Dimitrios C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs) often coexist with dysfunctional tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs). How valvular pathology relates to the aortic wall mechanical properties requires detailed examination.

METHODS
Intact-wall and layer-specific mechanical properties from 40 and 21 patients with TAV-ATAAs, respectively, were studied using uniaxial tensile testing, longitudinally and circumferentially. Failure stress (tensile strength), failure stretch (extensibility) and peak elastic modulus (stiffness) measurements, along with histological assays of thickness and elastin/collagen contents, were compared among patients with no valvular pathology (NVP), aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic insufficiency (AI).

RESULTS
Intact-wall stiffness longitudinally and medial strength and stiffness, in either direction, were significantly lower in AI patients than in AS and NVP patients. Intact-wall/medial thickness and extensibility in either direction were significantly lower in AS patients than in AI and NVP patients. In contrast, intact-wall/medial stiffness circumferentially was significantly higher in AS patients than in NVP patients, consistent with the significantly increased medial collagen in AS patients. Failure properties and medial thickness and elastin/collagen contents were significantly lower (more impaired) in females. The left lateral was the thickest quadrant in NVP patients, but the 4 quadrants were equally thick in AS and AI patients. There were significant differences in strength and stiffness among quadrants, which varied however in the 3 patient groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The aortic wall load-bearing capacity was impaired in patients with ATAA in the presence of TAV stenosis or insufficiency. These findings lend biomechanical support to the current guidelines suggesting lower thresholds for elective ascending aorta replacement in cases of aortic valve surgery.
The Picard Group of the Moduli Space of Sheaves on a Quadric Surface
Authors: Pedchenko Dmitrii 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the Picard group of the moduli space of semistable sheaves on a smooth quadric surface. We polarize the surface by an ample divisor close to the anticanonical class. We focus especially on moduli spaces of sheaves of small discriminant, where we observe new and interesting behavior. Our method relies on constructing certain resolutions for semistable sheaves and applying techniques of geometric invariant theory to the resulting families of sheaves.
Pre-Lie Pairs and Triviality of the Lie Bracket on the Twisted Hairy Graph Complexes
Authors: Willwacher Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study pre-Lie pairs, by which we mean a pair of a homotopy Lie algebra and a pre-Lie algebra with a compatible pre-Lie action. Such pairs provide a wealth of algebraic structure, which in particular can be used to analyze the homotopy Lie part of the pair. Our main application and the main motivation for this development are the dg Lie algebras of hairy graphs computing the rational homotopy groups of the mapping spaces of the little disks operads. We show that twisting with certain Maurer–Cartan elements trivializes their Lie algebra structure. The result can be used to understand the rational homotopy type of many connected components of these mapping spaces.
Patient-led data sharing for clinical bioinformatics research: USCDI and beyond
Authors: Gordon William J , Gottlieb Daniel , Kreda David , Mandel Joshua C , Mandl Kenneth D , Kohane Isaac S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The 21st Century Cures Act, passed in 2016, and the Final Rules it called for create a roadmap for enabling patient access to their electronic health information. The set of data to be made available, as determined by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT through the US Core Data for Interoperability expansion process, will impact the value creation of this improved data liquidity. In this commentary, we look at the potential for significant value creation from USCDI in the context of clinical bioinformatics research and advocate for the research community’s involvement in the USCDI process to propel this value creation forward. We also describe 1 mechanism—using existing required APIs for full data export capabilities—that could pragmatically enable this value creation at minimal additional technical lift beyond the current regulatory requirements.
The Rapid Identification of Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) From Adult, Larval, and Frass Samples Using TaqMan Probe Assay
Authors: Rizzo Domenico , Da Lio Daniele , Bartolini Linda , Salemi Chiara , Pennacchio Fabrizio , Rapisarda Carmelo , Rossi Elisabetta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A molecular diagnostic method using TaqMan probe qPCR is presented for the identification of Anoplophora chinensis (Förster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from whole body insects (adults and larvae) and frass samples stored under different conditions. The results showed a perfect amplification of DNA from all samples; the repeatability and reproducibility of the protocol were very good, with standard deviations of inter-run and intra-run variability less than or equal to 0.5. The assay allowed to discern all A. chinensis samples from those of the other non-target wood-borer species, with 100% correspondence to the homologous sequences. No amplification or cross reactions were observed with A. glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which is the most related species among those tested. The protocol was validated by an internal blind panel test which showed a good correspondence between the results obtained by different operators in the same lab. The analytical sensitivity for the lab frass with the Probe qPCR, namely the lowest amount of A. chinensis DNA that can be detected (LoD), was 0.64 pg/µl with a Cq of 34.87. The use of indirect evidence for the identification of a pest is an important feature of the method, which could be crucial to detect the presence of wood-boring insects. This diagnostic tool can help prevent the introduction of A. chinensis into new environments or delimit existing outbreak areas thanks to indirect frass diagnosis.
Hybrid Fluoroscopic and Neurophysiological Targeting of Responsive Neurostimulation of the Rolandic Cortex
Authors: Parker Jonathon J , Jamiolkowski Ryan M , Grant Gerald A , Le Scheherazade , Halpern Casey H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Precise targeting of cortical surface electrodes to epileptogenic regions defined by anatomic and electrophysiological guideposts remains a surgical challenge during implantation of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) devices.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a hybrid fluoroscopic and neurophysiological technique for targeting of subdural cortical surface electrodes to anatomic regions with limited direct visualization, such as the interhemispheric fissure.

METHODS
Intraoperative two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy was used to colocalize and align an electrode for permanent device implantation with a temporary in Situ electrode placed for extraoperative seizure mapping. Intraoperative phase reversal mapping technique was performed to distinguish primary somatosensory and motor cortex.

RESULTS
We applied these techniques to optimize placement of an interhemispheric strip electrode connected to a responsive neurostimulator system for detection and treatment of seizures arising from a large perirolandic cortical malformation. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) phase reversal technique facilitated neuroanatomic mapping and electrode placement.

CONCLUSION
In challenging-to-access anatomic regions, fluoroscopy and intraoperative neurophysiology can be employed to augment targeting of neuromodulation electrodes to the site of seizure onset zone or specific neurophysiological biomarkers of clinical interest while minimizing brain retraction.
Machine Vision for Real-Time Intraoperative Anatomic Guidance: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Staartjes Victor E , Volokitin Anna , Regli Luca , Konukoglu Ender , Serra Carlo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Current intraoperative orientation methods either rely on preoperative imaging, are resource-intensive to implement, or difficult to interpret. Real-time, reliable anatomic recognition would constitute another strong pillar on which neurosurgeons could rest for intraoperative orientation.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility of machine vision algorithms to identify anatomic structures using only the endoscopic camera without prior explicit anatomo-topographic knowledge in a proof-of-concept study.

METHODS
We developed and validated a deep learning algorithm to detect the nasal septum, the middle turbinate, and the inferior turbinate during endoscopic endonasal approaches based on endoscopy videos from 23 different patients. The model was trained in a weakly supervised manner on 18 and validated on 5 patients. Performance was compared against a baseline consisting of the average positions of the training ground truth labels using a semiquantitative 3-tiered system.

RESULTS
We used 367 images extracted from the videos of 18 patients for training, as well as 182 test images extracted from the videos of another 5 patients for testing the fully developed model. The prototype machine vision algorithm was able to identify the 3 endonasal structures qualitatively well. Compared to the baseline model based on location priors, the algorithm demonstrated slightly but statistically significantly (P < .001) improved annotation performance.

CONCLUSION
Automated recognition of anatomic structures in endoscopic videos by means of a machine vision model using only the endoscopic camera without prior explicit anatomo-topographic knowledge is feasible. This proof of concept encourages further development of fully automated software for real-time intraoperative anatomic guidance during surgery.
Justinian, Roman Progress, and the Death of the Western Roman Empire
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Roman control of Italy persisted after the loss of much of the West. Italian fortunes recovered under the leadership of the non-Roman sovereigns Odoacer and Theoderic, both of whom presented their regimes as continuations of the Western Roman state. The eastern half of the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople, continued to thrive. Under the emperor Justinian, some people believed it had ultimately realized the end stage of creating a Christian, Roman empire. Following on that achievement, Justinian began a campaign to reconquer the Roman territories of the West and reintegrate them into this more perfect Roman state. This effort led to a claim, originating in the East with Marcellinus Comes and echoed by Procopius, that the Western Roman Empire had fallen and required restoration. Justinian then mounted military campaigns that began with the reconquest of North Africa, but soon were directed against Italy.
Rome, the Arabs, and Iconoclasm
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By the early seventh century a combination of Persian invasions and, ultimately, Arab conquests removed the Roman Empire from the Middle East and North Africa. Although the emperor Heraclius sparked a brief but dramatic Roman resurgence in the early 630s, these traumatic losses pushed Romans to reintroduce the rhetoric of decline and renewal. Instead of focusing on the traditional, pagan Roman past as Romans had done in earlier centuries, their seventh- and eighth-century counterparts thought about how the empire’s Christian religious practices had fallen away from the ideals that had once made Rome a powerful Christian empire. One result was the Iconoclastic controversy, an argument between Romans who embraced the role of icons in Christian worship and others who wanted to suppress their use. Both sides claimed that the religious practices for which their opponents advocated had broken with the traditions that had once made the empire strong.
A Dangerous Idea
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the claims that many European powers made to the Roman legacy led to a shift in what Rome’s decline meant. Starting in the fifteenth century but continuing through Edward Gibbon’s famous eighteenth-century book The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, people embraced the idea that Rome’s story has ended. Figures like Leonardo Bruni and Montesquieu placed Roman decline at the end of the Republic. It was only with Gibbon that Rome’s peak moved to the Antonine Age. As this idea became more prominent, Roman decline no longer was something that inspired restoration. Instead it became a story that allows people to point to current conditions and criticize them by invoking Roman parallels. One great exception to this story was the tendency of Italian politicians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to push for a resuscitation of the ancient Roman state, with the ideas of Mazzini and Mussolini particularly notable in this regard.
Introduction: Subjects and Sources
Authors: Boatwright Mary T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter poses the central question: If the Roman princeps was first among equals, what position and visibility did an imperial woman have? The chapter provides some fundamental definitions, including of “imperial woman,” Augusta, and principate, and points to the laws and customs inhibiting Roman women’s activities and choices. It substantiates the importance of women for the imperial image, for legitimacy in the principate, and for the imperial court. After laying out the general plan of the book, the chapter points out deficiencies and biases of the evidence, especially of Tacitus and other literary sources, and clarifies how the book references inscriptions, coins, and other ancient material. Guidance is given for names, locations, and the like.
Rome’s Imperial Women and Rome’s Imperial Power
Authors: Boatwright Mary T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Livia’s involvement in the case of L. Piso against Urgulania opens this investigation into the powers imperial women were granted or thought to enjoy. Context is set by comparing women considered powerful in the Republic, foreign queens, and the few non-imperial elite women noted in Rome of the principate. Historiography reflects the customs and laws affecting Roman women generally, including prohibition from politics, the military, and legal advocacy for another; patria potestas; and tutela mulierum. Although imperial women usually controlled their own financial resources, such as brickyards, dwellings, and patronage, their self-restraint and modesty were ideals, as seen in the Senatus Consultum de Pisone patre. Octavia and Livia received special grants in 35 BCE; Livia, more honors in 9 BCE, and more in 14 CE, including the title Augusta. The chapter concludes that imperial women had no institutional powers after these early exceptional dispensations accorded to Octavia and Livia.
Imperial Women’s Mark on the City of Rome
Authors: Boatwright Mary T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Agrippina’s public veneration by conquered Britons outside Rome’s Praetorian camp opens this chapter about the imprint imperial women made on the city of Rome through their movements and presence, and through enduring monuments and statues, whether dedicated by or to them but carrying their names and memory. Imperial women’s public presence in Rome generally is poorly documented, with Agrippina and Livia the most frequently recorded, and at times controversial, especially for Octavia and Livia. The women’s public activities and visibility are discussed thematically (e.g., appearances in funerals and triumphs); their monuments by location. The evidence helps personalize individual women, hinting at their lives and reception, even as the evaluation contributes to the “spatial” study of Roman history and archaeology. Over the centuries imperial women evidently had diminishing visibility in Rome, in contrast to their apparently increasing prominence elsewhere, as Plotina in Athens.
Fitting Attitudes and Forgiveness
Authors: Pettigrove Glen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In philosophical discussions of wrongdoing, it is common to find people saying things such as, “If a person has been wronged, she should resent the wrongdoer.” Writers don’t always say why, but, if one wished to defend the claim, a promising place to turn would be to fitting attitude theories of value: One should feel anger or resentment, because that is the fitting (or accurate) response to wrongdoing. Fitting attitude theory can also help explain why some reasons for forgiving strike us as the wrong kinds of reasons. However, in spite of its attractions, I argue that fitting attitude theory fails to support the claim that those who have been wronged should be angry or resentful rather than forgiving. The argument highlights gaps that must be filled by any theory that attempts to move from judgments of fittingness to full-blown moral judgments.
Forgiveness and Freedom to Do Otherwise
Authors: Haji Ishtiyaque 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Let us say that one has free will with respect to an action if and only if one can both perform it and one can refrain from performing it. In this chapter, I expose and evaluate various considerations for the view that forgiveness and free will are inextricably associated. This view, if correct, generates the worry that since determinism appears to undermine free will, determinism and forgiveness are incompatible. One set of considerations for the view in question, which I reject, exploits the claim that forgiveness presupposes moral impermissibility. Another set of considerations, which I also reject, turns on the proposal that forgiveness is nontrivially associated with moral obligation. A third set of considerations rests on the thesis that forgiveness is essentially linked to prima facie moral obligation. I argue that this third set generates a troubling dilemma.
Institutional Apologies and Forgiveness
Authors: Smith Angela M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, many governments, universities, corporations, and other institutions have issued public apologies for the roles they played in serious instances of historical injustice. These apologies are particularly interesting in the case of wrongs that occurred in the distant past, toward individuals who are no longer living or capable of rendering forgiveness for such wrongs. When both the original perpetrators of these wrongs and their original victims are no longer living, one might have doubts about the conceptual and moral intelligibility of such apologies. The aim of this contribution is to try to answer this question, by examining the logic of such institutional apologies and their relation to questions of institutional blame and institutional forgiveness. It focuses, in particular, on whether it makes sense for American colleges and universities to offer apologies for their historical involvement with the practice of chattel slavery.
The Sunflower
Authors: Stump Eleonore 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Simon Wiesenthal’s book The Sunflower: On the Possibility and Limits of Forgiveness, Wiesenthal tells the story of a dying German soldier who was guilty of horrendous evil against Jewish men, women, and children, but who desperately wanted forgiveness from and reconciliation with at least one Jew before his death. Wiesenthal, then a prisoner in Auschwitz, was brought to hear the German soldier’s story and his pleas for forgiveness. As Wiesenthal understands his own reaction to the German soldier, he did not grant the dying soldier the forgiveness the man longed for. In The Sunflower, Wiesenthal presents reflections on this story by numerous thinkers. Their responses are noteworthy for the highly divergent intuitions they express. In this chapter, I consider the conflicting views about forgiveness on the part of the respondents in The Sunflower. I argue that those respondents who are convinced that forgiveness should be denied the dying German soldier are mistaken. Nonetheless, I also argue in support of the attitude that rejects reconciliation with the dying German soldier. I try to show that, in some cases of grave evil, repentance and making amends are not sufficient for the removal of guilt, and that reconciliation may be morally impermissible, whatever the case as regards forgiveness.
Forgiveness as a Virtue of Universal Love
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter is about the relation between universal love and a virtue of forgiveness, which Robert Roberts calls the virtue of forgivingness. I argue that forgivingness is a virtue of universal love, so to understand that virtue, one needs to analyze the problematic notion of universal love. This analysis, in turn, requires an understanding of love itself as an emotion directed at particular agents as opposed to (for example) humankind as such. This creates apparent difficulties for universal love. Once these difficulties are resolved, we have a better understanding of problems with forgivingness as a virtue. In particular, I shall argue that love, including universal love, is a bond-based rather than a value-based emotion, and that forgivingness as a virtue of universal love does not require that we should forgive each and every person who has wronged us.