bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mythen und Legenden: EKG-Lagekontrolle zentraler Katheter – woher kommt das P?
Authors: Massoth Christina , Wenk Manuel 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz elektrokardiografischer Lagekontrolle eines zentralvenösen Katheters kommt es intraoperativ zu einer schweren Komplikation durch Katheterfehllage. Wie kann das passieren? Ist die Lagekontrolle anhand der charakteristischen P-Wellen-Erhöhung eine adäquate Methode – oder gehört der Glaube daran zu den Mythen und Legenden der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin? Dieser Beitrag gibt Antworten.
1 Laparoskopische posterolaterale Sektionektomie beim
hepatozellulären Karzinom – Erhöhung der onkologischen Präzision durch
Kombination des Glissonean Pedicle Approach und der
Fluoreszenznavigation
Authors: Knitter Sebastian , Krenzien Felix , Schoening Wenzel , Fehrenbach Uli , Pratschke Johann , Schmelzle Moritz 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Minimalinvasive Eingriffe im Bereich der Leberchirurgie werden
aufgrund des intraoperativ geringeren Blutverlustes, der verringerten
postoperativen Morbidität sowie der verkürzten Aufenthaltsdauer im Vergleich zur
offenen Leberchirurgie immer häufiger durchgeführt. Bei primären Lebertumoren
erscheinen exakte Resektionsränder als vorteilhaft, stellen allerdings eine
Herausforderung in der minimalinvasiven Technik dar. In diesem Fallbericht
zielten wir darauf ab, die chirurgische Präzision durch Kombination des
Glissonean Pedicle Approach mit intraoperativer Fluoreszenzfärbung zu
erhöhen.
Indikation Eine 73-jährige Patientin mit einer CHILD-A-Leberzirrhose durch
eine chronische Hepatitis-C-Infektion wurde mit erhöhten Werten des Tumormarkers
Alphafetoprotein (792 ng/ml) unserer Klinik vorgestellt. Die Verdachtsdiagnose
eines einzelnen hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) mit einer Größe von 2,2 cm in
den Segmenten 6/7 wurde mittels Schnittbildgebung bestätigt. Entsprechend der
Empfehlung des Tumorboards wurde eine anatomische posterolaterale Resektion
entsprechend dem Glissonean Pedicle Approach geplant.
Methode Die Patientin wurde in französischer Position gelagert. Nach der
Mobilisierung der rechten Leber wurde der posterolaterale Pedikel identifiziert
und ligiert. Anschließend wurde Indocyaningrün (ICG) in einer Dosierung von 0,2
mg/kg Körpergewicht intravenös injiziert. Das perfundierte Parenchym der
Segmente I–V und VIII färbte sich grün, während die nicht perfundierten
posterolateralen Segmente VI und VII ungefärbt blieben. Die Transsektionslinie
wurde unter ICG-Bildgebung markiert und zeigte den Übergang des posterolateralen
zum anteromedialen Sektor an. Die Dissektion des Parenchyms wurde unter
intermittierender ICG-gesteuerter Bildgebung durchgeführt. Die
histopathologische Untersuchung des Resektats bestätigte eine R0-Resektion eines
gut differenzierten HCC in einer zirrhotischen Leber (Grad 4). Die Patientin
konnte am 6. postoperativen Tag nach unkompliziertem Verlauf aus dem Krankenhaus
entlassen werden und war in der Verlaufskontrolle nach 6 Monaten nachweislich
tumorfrei.
Schlussfolgerung Als zusätzliches intraoperatives Hilfsmittel ermöglicht
die ICG-Bildgebung die Visualisierung von Segment- und Sektorgrenzen und erlaubt
damit eine präzise anatomische Resektion. Weitere prospektive Studien sind
nötig, um den Mehrwert dieser Technik zu evaluieren, insbesondere im Hinblick
auf die Rate der R0-Resektionen.
Recent Progress in Synthesizing Polyethers by Use of Organocatalysts
Authors: Wu Guang-Peng , Zhang Yao-Yao , Yang Guan-Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAliphatic polyethers are one of the most widely used polymers, whose synthesis is largely dependent on metallic compounds. Recent development of organocatalysts may break the limits of this long-standing field and infuse vitality into polyether production. In this Synpacts article, the recent advances of organocatalysts for polyether production is introduced in aspects of catalytic performance and mechanism. Moreover, attentions are paid to the latest contributions of bifunctional organoboron catalysts which can be prepared with high yields from cost-effective raw materials in two facile reactions and show excellent performance in the polyether production with remarkable catalytic efficiency, controllability on molecular weight, and explicit polymerization mechanism. Based on these advances, it is envisioned that new discoveries using organocatalysts will continue in the foreseeable future.1	Introduction2	Challenges in Metallic Catalysts3	Previous Advances in Organocatalysts4	Recent Contributions of Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts5	Conclusion
Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Cyclization of N-Arylvinylsulfonamides: Synthesis of CF3/CHF2/CH2CF3-Containing 1,3-Dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole 2,2-Dioxide Derivatives
Authors: Vytla Devaiah , Kaliyaperumal Kumargurubaran , Velayuthaperumal Rajeswari , Shaw Parinita , Gautam Raj , Mathur Arvind , Roy Amrita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA photocatalyzed and highly efficient trifluoromethylation of N-arylvinylsulfonamides using commercially available CF3SO2Cl as the trifluoromethyl radical source under blue LEDs is reported. The reaction proceeds through radical cyclization under mild conditions. An investigation of the substrate scope is performed to establish a general, synthetically useful protocol for the synthesis of novel trifluoromethylated 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole 2,2-dioxides in moderate to high yields. This method is also successfully applied for the synthesis of difluoromethylated and trifluoroethylated 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole 2,2-dioxides in good to excellent yields.
MRI of the Elbow: How to Do It
Authors: Pazahr Shila , Sutter Reto , Zubler Veronika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe diagnostic cascade for elbow complaints starts with the physical examination and radiographs that already can clarify or rule out many causes. Depending on the suspected pathology, additional imaging is necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the advantage of accurately demonstrating a broad spectrum of diseases. The main indication for noncontrast MRI of the elbow is chronic epicondylitis. For magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography, it is suspected chondral and osteochondral abnormalities. Indirect MR arthrography is an option when direct arthrography is not practicable. MR arthrography of the elbow with traction is feasible, with promising results for the assessment of the radiocapitellar cartilage.
Elbow Imaging: Variants and Asymptomatic Findings
Authors: Antil Neha , Stevens Kathryn J. , Lutz Amelie M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the key principles in the interpretation of radiology images is the ability to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings. This article provides a comprehensive overview of normal structures and anatomical variants occurring around the elbow including potential diagnostic pitfalls. We discuss frequently observed anatomical variants found in routine clinical practice associated with osseous, ligamentous, musculotendinous, and neurovascular structures at the elbow that may simulate pathology or predispose to symptoms under specific circumstances.
Imaging the Postoperative Elbow
Authors: Deely Diane M. , Morrison William B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvaluation of postoperative images of any joint can be a daunting task, and the elbow is no exception. Patients may be imaged with a complication of the repair, or the postoperative changes may be incidentally observed as the patient is imaged for other reasons. We divide the postoperative elbow into soft tissue procedures (covering ligament and tendon repairs, as well as compartmental release and nerve transposition), joint-related procedures (osteochondral lesion treatment, ostectomy, and joint replacement), and bone procedures (fracture fixation). We summarize the procedures and their indications, show normal imaging appearances, and finally cover common complications.
Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles—A Tale of Two Cases
Authors: Pahwa Nakul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAsymmetry of the lateral ventricles is not an uncommon finding. On one end, it is a predictor of intracranial pathology, and on the other, it can represent a normal variant. It needs to be appropriately investigated. In this case report, we presented two cases of asymmetric lateral ventricles, their presentation, progression and management.
Role of Radiographs and Ultrasound in Diagnosing Calcific Tendinitis and Periarthritis in the Wrist and Hand with Ultrasound-Guided Barbotage as Management Tool
Authors: Ahuja Ankita , Lawande Malini , Daftary Aditya R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim To demonstrate the role of radiographs and ultrasound (USG) in the diagnosis of calcific tendinitis and periarthritis in the wrist and hand and the efficacy of USG-guided barbotage for its management.
Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in six patients who presented with acute-onset pain in the wrist and hand varying from 3 days to 2 weeks. Four patients had tenderness over pisiform and two patients had pain along the lateral aspect of the wrist and thumb. Radiographs and USG revealed calcific focus corresponding to the site of pain. USG-guided calcific barbotage and injection was performed for the same and pain relief was assessed immediately and through telephonic follow-up at 6 months using subjective satisfaction score. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013.
Results Four patients with tenderness over pisiform had flexor carpi ulnaris calcific tendinitis and two patients with pain along the lateral aspect of the wrist and thumb had first metacarpophalangeal calcific periarthritis and abductor pollicis brevis calcific tendinitis on radiographs as well as USG. In post-USG-guided calcific barbotage and injection, all patients had significant immediate and 6 months delayed relief in symptoms with excellent satisfaction scores.
Conclusion Acute calcific tendinitis/periarthritis is a benign and self-limiting inflammatory condition. Radiographs are extremely helpful in identifying calcific focus. Ultrasonography in experienced hands is the best modality to identify, confirm the symptomatic calcific focus, and perform USG-guided intervention. USG-guided calcific barbotage is the simplest, quickest, and effective way to treat this condition and avoid compromised functional capacity.
A Unilateral Variation in Triceps Brachii Muscle Demonstrating a Fourth Head
Authors: Swami Shveta , Budhiraja Virendra , Sharma Deepak , Gupta Rimpi , Bansal Swati 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Triceps brachii muscle is the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm, consisting of three heads—long, lateral, and medial. Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery run in the radial groove that separate lateral and medial head. Evolutionarily, triceps has many subheads which either fused or disappeared. Therefore, the knowledge of muscle is essential anthropologically and clinically, and this study aims to study the anatomical variations of triceps brachii muscle.

Case Report
In the present case, during routine dissections of undergraduate MBBS students, a fourth head of origin of triceps brachii muscle was seen in a male cadaver in the right arm. The variation was seen only unilaterally in cadaver. The origin was tendinous arising from the posteromedial aspect of upper part of the shaft of the humerus close to the surgical neck above the radial groove. This tendon was arching over the neurovascular bundle containing radial nerve and profunda brachii artery.

Discussion and Conclusion
The variations of triceps brachii muscles are mentioned in literature but are uncommon and if tendinous fourth head is present over the neurovascular bundles, it may lead to compression syndrome. Hence, these variations are of great importance to the radiologists, surgeons, and orthopaedicians while dealing with posterior compartment of arm.
Effectiveness of Trigger Point Dry Needling on Lumbosacral Radiculopathy among Indian Homemakers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gohil Pratik , Baldha Girish , Arunachalam R. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim
Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a typical disorder among people belonging to diverse populations. Myofascial trigger points are commonly located on the lumbar and pelvic girdle areas, which are known for aggravating pain in lumbar radiculopathy. This study was conducted to know the effectiveness of trigger point dry needling on lumbosacral radiculopathy among Indian homemakers in pain.

Methods
One hundred subjects between the age group of 40 to 60 years clinically diagnosed with lumbosacral radiculopathy associated with myofascial trigger points were screened, and 40 subjects who matched the inclusion criteria were enrolled to study after ethical approval. Subjects were randomly allocated into group A (n = 20) (experimental/trigger point dry needling) and group B (n = 20 control/sham needle therapy) for five sessions in a week. Outcomes were measured using a numerical pain rating scale for pain.

Results
The level of significance was determined by p < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Statistically, significant improvements were seen between the mean pre- and postscores of both the groups (p < 0.05). However, the reduction in mean pain scores was statistically more significant in group A (decrease by 65.7%) than group B (decrease by 14.1%).

Conclusion
Trigger point dry needling on lumbosacral radiculopathy provided to group A was more effective than intervention provided to group B control study participants.
Mapping ‘bio geo-body’ of Southeast Asia: strategic differentiation and identification of ethnic identity in Vietnam and Singapore
Authors: Hà Tiên-Dung , Bin Khidzer Mohammad Khamsya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research explores how data from population genome projects in Southeast Asia are mobilized for identity formation beyond the lab. We compare two cases, the Vietnamese Genome Project which is funded by a Vietnamese private conglomerate and the Peranakan Genome Project in Singapore, to elucidate how the results from population genomic projects in Vietnam and Singapore are co-constituted with existing political and cultural narratives, as well as with varying notions of ‘Chinese-ness’. We find that while scientists in Vietnam use genomics to construct the Vietnamese as genetically independent from what is perceived to be an increasingly dominant Chinese geopolitical power, scientists and participants involved in the Peranakan Genome Project emphasize genomic and cultural mixing which happened between Southern Chinese migrants and the indigenous Malay population historically to distinguish from the rest of the ‘Chinese’ population in Singapore. The cases illustrate the different ways in which the actors involved in these two genome projects strategically differentiate and negotiate the ‘bio geo-body’ of the Vietnamese and the Peranakan in relation to the Chinese identity and nationalism, thereby revealing how genomics is intertwined with local and regional histories, culture and politics.
Effect of microstructure on the high cycle fatigue behaviour of DP 600 and SPFH 590 steels with and without a hole
Authors: Chatterjee Sudin , Chinara M. , Prasad A. D. , Jayabalan B. , Mahashabde V. , Mukherjee S. 
Published: October 2021

The performance of ferrite-martensite (DP 600) and ferrite-pearlite (SPFH 590) steels with a similar tensile strength of ∼650 MPa under cyclic loading was investigated. This work presents the high cycle fatigue properties of DP 600 and SPFH 590 steel in the presence and absence of a hole. In presence of the hole, the fatigue strength for both the steels drops significantly, with drop being more for SPFH 590 steel. While the fatigue strength in absence of a hole is a strong function of yield strength of material, the behaviour in presence of the hole depends on the steel microstructure. The presence of martensite in case of DP 600 steel delayed the crack propagation by branching and crack tip blunting. Additionally, martensite also increases the local strain, low angle grain boundary and dislocation density ahead of the crack tip, resulting in an increased amount of plastic deformation and blunting of the crack tip.
Gravitational quantum states as finite representations of the Lorentz group
Authors: Cianfrani Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A manifestly Lorentz-covariant formulation of loop quantum gravity (LQG) is given in terms of finite-dimensional representations of the Lorentz group. The formulation accounts for discrete symmetries, such as parity and time-reversal, and it establishes a link with Wigner classification of particles. The resulting quantum model can be seen as LQG-like with the internal SU(2) ⊗ SU(2) group and it is free of the Immirzi parameter, while the scalar constraint is just the Euclidean part.
Analytical and numerical study of T-shaped plasmonic demultiplexer based on Fano and induced transparency resonances
Authors: Amrani M , Khattou S , Rezzouk Y , Mouadili A , Noual A , El Boudouti E H , Djafari-Rouhani B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study analytically and numerically the design of plasmonic demultiplexers based on Fano and plasmonic induced transparency (PIT) resonances. The demultiplexers consist of T-shaped structures with an input waveguide and two output waveguides. Each output contains two waveguide stubs grafted either at the same position or at two different positions far from the input waveguide. We derive closed form analytical expressions of the geometrical parameters allowing a selective transfer of a single mode in one waveguide without affecting the other one. This is performed by implementing the Fano and PIT resonances which are characterized by a resonance placed near an antiresonance or placed between two antiresonances respectively. In particular, we show the possibility of trapped modes, also called bound in continuum (BIC) modes. These modes appear as resonances with zero width in the transmission spectra for appropriate lengths of the stubs. Then, by detuning slightly the stubs, BICs transform to PIT or Fano resonances. The existence of a full transmission besides a transmission zero, enables to filter a given wavelength on one output waveguide, by vanishing both the transmission on the second waveguide as well as the reflection in the input waveguide. The demultiplexer is capable to separate two fundamental optical windows (i.e. 1310 and 1550 nm). The performance of the demultiplexer platform is measured using the crosstalk of the two outputs and quality factor. The lowest value of the crosstalk −96.8 dB with an average of −84.7 dB is achieved and a maximum quality factor 45 is obtained. The maximum transmission reaches a high value of 85% despite the large metallic losses. These values are suitable for integrated photonic circuits in the optical communication. The analytical results are obtained by means of the Green’s function method which enables us to deduce the transmission and reflection coefficients, as well as the delay times and density of states. These results are confirmed by numerical simulations using a 2D finite element method. The analytical analysis developed in this work represent a predictive method to understand deeply different physical phenomena in more complex plasmonic devices.
Mimicking synaptic plasticity with a wedged Pt/Co/Pt spin–orbit torque device
Authors: Chen Shiwei , Mishra Rahul , Chen Huanjian , Yang Hyunsoo , Qiu Xuepeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We fabricated a wedge-shaped Pt/Co/Pt device with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and manifested that the Co magnetization can be solely switched by spin–orbit torque without any magnetic field. Similar to the synaptic weight, we observed that the state of Co magnetization (presented by the anomalous Hall resistance R
H) of the wedged Pt/Co/Pt device can be tuned continuously with a large number of nonvolatile levels by applied pulse currents. Furthermore, we studied the synaptic plasticity of the wedged Pt/Co/Pt device, including the excitatory postsynaptic potentials or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and spiking-time-dependent plasticity. The work elucidates the promise of the wedged Pt/Co/Pt device as a candidate for a new type of artificial synaptic device that is induced by a spin current and paves a substantial pathway toward the combination of spintronics and synaptic devices.
Striations in moderate pressure dc driven nitrogen glow discharge
Authors: Tahiyat Malik M , Stephens Jacob C , Kolobov Vladimir I , Farouk Tanvir I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Plasma stratification has been studied for more than a century. Despite the many experimental studies reported on this topic, theoretical analyses and numerical modeling of this phenomenon have been mostly limited to rare gases. In this work, a one-dimensional fluid model with detailed kinetics of electrons and vibrationally excited molecules is employed to simulate moderate-pressure (i.e. a few Torrs) dc discharge in nitrogen in a 15.5 cm long tube of radius 0.55 cm. The model also considers ambipolar diffusion to account for the radial loss of ions and electrons to the wall. The proposed model predicts self-excited standing striations in nitrogen for a range of discharge currents. The impact of electron transport parameters and reaction rates obtained from a solution of local two-term and a multi-term Boltzmann equation on the predictions are assessed. In-depth kinetic analysis indicates that the striations result from the undulations in electron temperature caused due to the interaction between ionization and vibrational reactions. Furthermore, the vibrationally excited molecules associated with the lower energy levels are found to influence nitrogen plasma stratification and the striation pattern strongly. A balance between ionization processes and electron energy transport allows the formation of the observed standing striations. Simulations were conducted for a range of discharge current densities from ∼0.018 to 0.080 mA cm−2, for an operating pressure of 0.7 Torr. Parametric studies show that the striation length decreases with increasing discharge current. The predictions from the model are compared against experimental measurements and are found to agree favorably.
Field-induced deformation of ferromagnetic soft nanocomposites
Authors: Birster K , Schweitzer R , Schopphoven C , Tschöpe A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Uniaxial ferromagnetic Ni nanorods were prepared by the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method. Reversible magnetization changes, measured perpendicular to the texture axis, were analyzed in terms of the Stoner–Wohlfarth model (SW). Using empirical model parameters, a quantitative and consistent description of the orientation- and field-dependent magnetic torque per particle was achieved. The model was extended (eSW) to take into account the local rotation of the magnetic nanorods in a soft-elastic matrix. The nanorods were characterized regarding their size, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), their magnetic moment and colloidal volume fraction, determined from static field-dependent optical transmission (SFOT) measurements, and their rotational shape factor, obtained from oscillating field-dependent optical transmission (OFOT). The eSW-model was used in the simulation of simple bending and torsion of thin composite filaments. These simulations were compared with experimental results with the focus on the effect of finite magnetic anisotropy and local elastic rotation on the field-induced deformation of soft nanocomposites. The high sensitivity of thin filaments enabled the investigation of torque-induced deformation at nanorod volume density as low as 10−4 at which particle-particle interactions were negligible. In addition, reprogramming of the magnetic texture by magnetization reversal and the resulting modification in the deformation pattern was investigated.