bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Life Prediction of Rolling Bearings Based on Modified SWT Mean Stress Correction
Authors: Yu Aodi , Huang Hong-Zhong , Li Yan-Feng , Li He , Zeng Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe existing engineering empirical life analysis models are not capable of considering the constitutive behavior of materials under contact loads; as a consequence, these methods may not be accurate to predict fatigue lives of rolling bearings. In addition, the contact stress of bearing in operation is cyclically pulsating, it also means that the bearing undergo non-symmetrical fatigue loadings. Since the mean stress has great effects on fatigue life, in this work, a novel fatigue life prediction model based on the modified SWT mean stress correction is proposed as a basis of which to estimate the fatigue life of rolling bearings, in which, takes sensitivity of materials and mean stress into account. A compensation factor is introduced to overcome the inaccurate predictions resulted from the Smith, Watson, and Topper (SWT) model that considers the mean stress effect and sensitivity while assuming the sensitivity coefficient of all materials to be 0.5. Moreover, the validation of the model is finalized by several practical experimental data and the comparison to the conventional SWT model. The results show the better performance of the proposed model, especially in the accuracy than the existing SWT model. This research will shed light on a new direction for predicting the fatigue life of rolling bearings.
Total health insurance costs in children with a migraine diagnosis compared to a control group
Authors: Obermeier Viola , Murawski Monika , Heinen Florian , Landgraf Mirjam N. , Straube Andreas , von Kries Rüdiger , Ruscheweyh Ruth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Health care costs of migraine constitute a major issue in health economics. Several publications analyzed health care costs for adult migraine patients, based on questionnaires or secondary (health insurance) data. Although migraine often starts already in primary school age, data on migraine related costs in children is scarce. In this paper we aimed to assess the migraine-related health care costs in 6 to 11 year old children in Germany.

Methods
Using claims data of a large German health insurer (BARMER), overall annual health care costs of 6 to 11 year old children with a diagnosis of migraine in 2017 (n = 2597) were compared to a control group of 6 to 11 year old children without a headache diagnosis between 2013 and 2017 (n = 306,926). The association of migraine and costs was modeled by generalized linear regression (Gamma regression) with adjustment for sex, age and comorbidities.

Results
Children with migraine caused considerably higher annual per capita health care costs than children without a headache diagnosis (migraine group: € 1018, control group: € 618). Excess costs directly related to migraine amounted to € 115. The remaining excess costs were related to comorbidities, which were more frequent in the migraine group. Mental and behavioural disorders constituted the most expensive comorbidity, accounting for € 105 of the € 400 annual excess costs in the migraine group.

Conclusion
6 to 11 year old children with a migraine diagnosis cause significant direct and comorbidity related excess costs in the German health care system.
Effects of calcium cyanamide on Collembola in a standardized field test: Part 1. Rationale and performance of the study
Authors: Stegger Petra , Römbke Jörg , Salamon Jörg-Alfred , Ebke Klaus Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA field study lasting one year was performed to study the effects of a calcium cyanamide fertiliser (trade name: Perlka®) on Collembola in order to support the terrestrial risk assessment under the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation. Due to the lack of an appropriate guidance document, the design of the study was based on the ISO Guideline 11268–3, originally developed for earthworm field studies. However, the sampling procedure was adapted accordingly by applying ISO Guideline 23611–2, i.e. taking soil core and pitfall trap samples. Two groups of four plots each were treated with 200 kg/ha and 400 kg/ha Perlka®, respectively. A third group served as a fertiliser control, i.e. it was treated with a standard urea fertiliser (172.9 kg Piagran®/ha) at the same total nitrogen rate (79.5 kg/ha) as provided by the high Perlka® application rate. The fourth group served as negative control without any fertiliser treatment and the fifth group was treated with the reference item Agriclor® (480 g a.i./L chlorpyrifos), known to be toxic to springtails.ResultsIn total 16 different Collembola species were determined. For seven species, covering all life form types, a reliable statistical evaluation was possible, which was reflected in correspondingly low MDD values in the study. A statistically significant decrease of the abundance (at least 50%) on the reference item plots compared to the untreated control was observed for six species, thus demonstrating the sensitivity of the Collembola community.ConclusionNo long-lasting effects of the Perlka® application rates could be observed for any of the Collembola species. In order to support risk assessors in both industry and authorities in the interpretation of large and complex data sets typical for field studies with chemicals, further guidance on implementation and data interpretation is urgently needed.
Orbital myiasis on recurrent undifferentiated carcinoma in the COVID-19 era: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Jamshidian-Tehrani Mansooreh , Cheraqpour Kasra , Amini Mohammad , Amoli Fahimeh Asadi , Kasaee Abolfazl 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of living tissues by Diptera larvae. Ophthalmic involvement occurs in less than 5% of cases. As the most uncommon type of involvement, orbital myiasis usually affects patients with poor personal hygiene, a low socioeconomic status, a history of surgery, and cancer.

Findings
In January 2020, an 89-year-old man presented to the Oculoplastic Department of Farabi Eye Hospital (Iran) with a history of left-side progressive orbital mass for six months. A large infiltrative mass of the left orbit with extension to the globe, periorbita, and adnexa was remarkable at the presentation, and its appearance suggested malignancy. Our findings persuaded us to perform exenteration and histopathological evaluation which were reported as “undifferentiated carcinoma”. Regular follow-up visits were recommended. In June 2020, with a 3-month delay, the patient presented with the recurrence of the mass complicated with mobile alive larva. Examinations revealed numerous maggots crawling out of an ulcerative and foul-smelling lesion. He stated that fear of COVID-19 infection postponed his follow-up visit. The patient underwent immediate mechanical removal of larvae, followed by wide local excision of the mass.

Conclusion
Patients with carcinoma of the adnexal tissues seem to be more prone to myiasis infestation even though it is an uncommon disease. Since COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with no end in sight appropriate protocols should be implemented to prevent loss of follow-up in these high risk patients.
Development and selective grain make plasticity 'take the lead' in adaptive evolution
Authors: Brun-Usan Miguel , Rago Alfredo , Thies Christoph , Uller Tobias , Watson Richard A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Biological evolution exhibits an extraordinary capability to adapt organisms to their environments. The explanation for this often takes for granted that random genetic variation produces at least some beneficial phenotypic variation in which natural selection can act. Such genetic evolvability could itself be a product of evolution, but it is widely acknowledged that the immediate selective gains of evolvability are small on short timescales. So how do biological systems come to exhibit such extraordinary capacity to evolve? One suggestion is that adaptive phenotypic plasticity makes genetic evolution find adaptations faster. However, the need to explain the origin of adaptive plasticity puts genetic evolution back in the driving seat, and genetic evolvability remains unexplained.

Results
To better understand the interaction between plasticity and genetic evolvability, we simulate the evolution of phenotypes produced by gene-regulation network-based models of development. First, we show that the phenotypic variation resulting from genetic and environmental perturbation are highly concordant. This is because phenotypic variation, regardless of its cause, occurs within the relatively specific space of possibilities allowed by development. Second, we show that selection for genetic evolvability results in the evolution of adaptive plasticity and vice versa. This linkage is essentially symmetric but, unlike genetic evolvability, the selective gains of plasticity are often substantial on short, including within-lifetime, timescales. Accordingly, we show that selection for phenotypic plasticity can be effective in promoting the evolution of high genetic evolvability.

Conclusions
Without overlooking the fact that adaptive plasticity is itself a product of genetic evolution, we show how past selection for plasticity can exercise a disproportionate effect on genetic evolvability and, in turn, influence the course of adaptive evolution.
Comparative analysis of transposable elements provides insights into genome evolution in the genus Camelus
Authors: Ibrahim Mohanad A. , Al-Shomrani Badr M. , Simenc Mathew , Alharbi Sultan N. , Alqahtani Fahad H. , Al-Fageeh Mohamed B. , Manee Manee M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Transposable elements (TEs) are common features in eukaryotic genomes that are known to affect genome evolution critically and to play roles in gene regulation. Vertebrate genomes are dominated by TEs, which can reach copy numbers in the hundreds of thousands. To date, details regarding the presence and characteristics of TEs in camelid genomes have not been made available.

Results
We conducted a genome-wide comparative analysis of camelid TEs, focusing on the identification of TEs and elucidation of transposition histories in four species: Camelus dromedarius, C. bactrianus, C. ferus, and Vicugna pacos. Our TE library was created using both de novo structure-based and homology-based searching strategies (https://github.com/kacst-bioinfo-lab/TE_ideintification_pipeline). Annotation results indicated a similar proportion of each genomes comprising TEs (35–36%). Class I LTR retrotransposons comprised 16–20% of genomes, and mostly consisted of the endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) groups ERVL, ERVL-MaLR, ERV_classI, and ERV_classII. Non-LTR elements comprised about 12% of genomes and consisted of SINEs (MIRs) and the LINE superfamilies LINE1, LINE2, L3/CR1, and RTE clades. Least represented were the Class II DNA transposons (2%), consisting of hAT-Charlie, TcMar-Tigger, and Helitron elements and comprising about 1–2% of each genome.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study revealed that the distribution of transposable elements across camelid genomes is approximately similar. This investigation presents a characterization of TE content in four camelid to contribute to developing a better understanding of camelid genome architecture and evolution.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 associating with serotonin and dopamine in the cerebrospinal fluid predicts impulsivity in healthy subjects
Authors: Xu Jinzhong , Wu Fenzan , Li Yuying , Wang Fan , Lin Wenhui , Qian Song , Li Hui , Fan Yuncao , Li Huai , Chen Lijing , Xu Haiyun , Chen Li , Liu Yanlong , Li Xiaokun , He Jue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundImpulsivity is more commonly reported in subjects with mental disorders compared to healthy subjects, suggesting a potential application of impulsivity in predicting impulsivity-related mental disorders. However, no biomarker of impulsivity available so far. This study explored the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a key hormonal mediator of the stress response, and impulsivity in healthy subjects.MethodsA total of 126 healthy persons subjected to surgery of anterior cruciate ligament were recruited in the present study. The impulsiveness of the subjects was evaluated by the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS)-11 before surgery. CSF and blood samples of the subjects were collected before spinal anesthesia for surgery. The levels of FGF21, serotonin and dopamine in CSF and the level of FGF21 in blood of the subjects were measured by ELISA using commercial kits.ResultsNegative correlations were found between BIS-11 total score and either FGF21, serotonin or dopamine in CSF. However, BIS-11 total score was not correlated with FGF21 in blood. In addition, FGF21 was positively correlated with serotonin and dopamine in CSF, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models indicated that the decrease of FGF21 level associating with the decrease of serotonin and dopamine level in CSF contributed to the higher impulsivity. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis indicated an important role of CSF FGF21 predicting high impulsivity.ConclusionsFGF21, serotonin and dopamine in CSF associate with impulsivity in opposite directions. The decrease of CSF FGF21 is related to higher impulsivity, and indicate that CSF FGF21 may predict impulsivity in healthy subjects.
Identification of cold tolerance QTLs at the bud burst stage in 211 rice landraces by GWAS
Authors: Li Caijing , Liu Jindong , Bian Jianxin , Jin Tao , Zou Baoli , Liu Shilei , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Peng , Tan Jingai , Wu Guangliang , Chen Qin , Wang Yanning , Zhong Qi , Huang Shiying , Yang Mengmeng , Huang Tao , He Haohua , Bian Jianmin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Rice is a crop that is very sensitive to low temperature, and its morphological development and production are greatly affected by low temperature. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of cold tolerance in rice is of great significance for mining favorable genes and cultivating excellent rice varieties. However, there have been limited studies focusing on cold tolerance at the bud burst stage; therefore, considerable attention should be given to the genetic basis of cold tolerance at this stage.

Results
In this study, a natural population consisting of 211 rice landraces collected from 15 provinces in China and other countries was used for the first time to evaluate cold tolerance at the bud burst stage. Population structure analysis showed that this population was divided into two groups and was rich in genetic diversity. Our evaluation results confirmed that japonica rice was more tolerant to cold at the bud burst stage than indica rice. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with the phenotypic data of 211 rice landraces and a 36,727 SNP dataset under a mixed linear model. Twelve QTLs (P < 0.0001) were identified for the seedling survival rate (SR) after treatment at 4 °C, in which there were five QTLs (qSR2–2, qSR3–1, qSR3–2, qSR3–3 and qSR9) that were colocalized with those from previous studies and seven QTLs (qSR2–1, qSR3–4, qSR3–5, qSR3–6, qSR3–7, qSR4 and qSR7) that were reported for the first time. Among these QTLs, qSR9, harboring the most significant SNP, explained the most phenotypic variation. Through bioinformatics analysis, five genes (LOC_Os09g12440, LOC_Os09g12470, LOC_Os09g12520, LOC_Os09g12580 and LOC_Os09g12720) were identified as candidates for qSR9.

Conclusion
This natural population consisting of 211 rice landraces combined with high-density SNPs will serve as a better choice for identifying rice QTLs/genes in the future, and the detected QTLs associated with cold tolerance at the bud burst stage in rice will be conducive to further mining favorable genes and breeding rice varieties under cold stress.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in a large collection of Vicia amoena in China with newly developed SSR markers
Authors: Wu Feifei , Zhang Shangxiong , Gao Qiu , Liu Fang , Wang Jianli , Wang Xianguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVicia amoena is a high-nutritional quality forage similar to alfalfa. However, studies on the genetic background of V. amoena are scarce. In the present study, the genetic variation of 24 V. amoena populations was assessed with newly developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 8799 SSRs were identified in the V. amoena genomic-enriched sequences, and the most abundant repeat number was four. A total of 569 sampled individuals were assayed to evaluate the genetic diversity of the V. amoena populations based on 21 polymorphic SSR primers. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.896 to 0.968, with an average of 0.931, which indicated that the markers were highly informative. Based on analysis of molecular variance, 88% of the variance occurred within populations, and the remaining 12% of the variance occurred among populations. The high degree of gene flow (Nm= 4.958) also showed slight differentiation among the V. amoena populations. The V. amoena populations were mainly clustered by steppe and mountain habitats based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE analysis. This indicated that the elevation and special habitat of geographical origins may be important factors affecting the clustered pattern of V. amoena populations. Neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis did not separate the populations well by geographical origin, which indicated that the genetic structure of V. amoena was complex and needs further study. Overall, our results showed that the newly developed SSR markers could benefit the V. amoena research community by providing genetic background information to help establish a foundation for breeding improvement and germplasm resource conservation.
High take off left main coronary artery accompanied by multicryptic left ventricle myocardium detected by cardiac computerized tomography in a young male: case report
Authors: Ozden Tok Özge , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Göktekin Ömer , Bingöl Gülsüm , Di Salvo Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Myocardial crypts are discrete, narrow, blood filled invaginations within the left ventricular myocardium and high-take-off coronary artery are rare manifestations where coronary arteries originate above the sinotubuler junction.

Case presentation
A 41-year-old man with multiple coronary artery disease risk factors admitted to our outpatient department with progressive dyspnea and atypical chest pain. Physical examination revealed no pathological findings. His blood examination revealed only mild to moderately high IgE and LDL levels. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was normal. His treadmill test was normal, yet in the 3rd stage of the test he had an atypically located chest pain which was relieved in the resting period. As he had multiple cardiovascular risk factors, we performed a coronary CT angiography to exclude coronary artery disease. Coronary CT angiography(CCTA) demonstrated multiple myocardial crypts, a muscular VSD like defect which were not detectable with TTE and a high take off left main coronary artery (LMCA). After CCTA, we repeated the TTE to investigate the crypts and VSD-like defect which were clear on CCTA, yet a precise TTE hardly showed crypts and didn’t confirm a shunt between the left and right ventricle. We defined the defect as ‘spontaneously closed muscular VSD’. None of these pathologies were clinically relevant with the patient’s symptoms, thus pneumonology started a montelukast therapy for 1 year and we decided to follow up the patient, as multiple crypts may indicate an early phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions
Considering that a high take-off LMCA is a congenital anomaly, encountering multiple crypts which are also congenital pathologies, is plausible, as congenital anomalies may accompany eachother. Echocardiography is a very useful, practical imaging tool but regrettably may be suboptimal due to various patient and method related reasons. Target combination of different cardiovascular imaging tools like echocardiography, cardiac CT(CCT), may be utilized in order to ensure a comprehensive diagnosis particularly.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement associated infective endocarditis case series: broadening the criteria for diagnosis is the need of the hour
Authors: Lnu Kriti , Ansari Shamim , Mahto Shantanu , Gada Hemal , Mumtaz Mubashir , Loran David , Theckumparapil Nikhil J. , Vora Amit N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Transcatheter valve replacement (TAVR) is an important therapeutic intervention for patients with aortic valve stenosis. As TAVR has become available to a broader population, there has been an increase in the number of less common, yet potentially catastrophic, complications. TAVR related infective endocarditis (TAVR-IE) is a rare, but potentially fatal, complication.

Case series
We present here two patients that we encountered for TAVR associated infective endocarditis. Our first patient presented 5 weeks after his TAVR. His initial presentation was consistent with signs of sepsis. The patient then developed Mobitz type I block during hospital course. His TEE was negative for features of infective endocarditis. Due to high suspicion, patient was taken for surgical exploration and was found to have multiple foci of vegetation adhered to the stent frame. Our second patient presented with new onset pulmonary edema, worsening heart failure and systemic inflammatory response. A TEE was done for persistent MSSA bacteremia which showed stable prosthetic valve function with no signs of infective endocarditis. Patient was discharged with a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics. Patient was re-admitted for worsening sepsis and blood cultures were positive for MSSA. Patient was taken for surgical exploration of his prosthetic aortic valve which showed purulent aortic root abscess.

Conclusion
Through these cases, we aim to raise awareness on TAVR-IE. Due to the atypical clinical presentation, the modified Duke criteria may not be sufficient to diagnose TAVR-IE. Transesophageal echocardiogram in TAVR-IE may be negative or indeterminate. Prosthetic valve shadow may obscure smaller vegetations and/or smaller abscesses. A negative transesophageal echocardiogram should not rule out TAVR-IE and further diagnostic imaging modalities should be considered. PET/CT after administration of 18F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) is a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis where TEE has been negative or inconclusive. Multi-modal imaging, in addition to the modified Duke criteria, can facilitate early diagnosis and improved mortality outcomes.