bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of fetal growth charts in twins stratified by chorionicity and mode of conception: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Xia Yuan-Qing , Lyu Shu-Ping , Zhang Jun , Chen Yi-Ting , Gao Li , Zhao An-Da , Wang Yan-Lin , Li Sheng-Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Twin pregnancies continue to increase worldwide; however, the current clinical prenatal evaluation for the intrauterine growth of twins still relies on the growth standards of singletons. We attempted to establish a set of fetal biometric references for Chinese twin pregnancies, stratified by chorionicity and conception mode as spontaneously conceived monochorionic diamniotic (SC-MCDA), spontaneously conceived dichorionic diamniotic (SC-DCDA), and assisted reproductive technology dichorionic diamniotic (ART-DCDA) twins.

Methods:
From 2016 to 2019, the ultrasonographic fetal biometric measurements were longitudinally collected in pregnant women, including fetal weight, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and humerus length. The linear mixed models were used to test the difference of growth patterns between groups, and the growth curve of each biometric parameter was modeled by a generalized additive model for location scale and shape.

Results:
A total of 929 twin pregnant women and 2019 singleton pregnant women, met the inclusion criteria. Among twin pregnancies, 148 were SC-MCDA, 215 were SC-DCDA, and 566 were ART-DCDA twins. Overall, SC-DCDA twins grew faster than SC-MCDA twins, while slower than ART-DCDA twins (all P < 0.05), and all of the three groups showed significant differences comparing with singletons, especially during the third trimester. Hence, the customized fetal growth charts of each fetal biometric parameter were, respectively, constructed for SC-MCDA, SC-DCDA, and ART-DCDA twins.

Conclusions:
The fetal biometric trajectories demonstrated characteristic patterns according to chorionicity and conception mode. To fill the gap, we modeled fetal biometric parameters for Chinese SC-MCDA, SC-DCDA, and ART-DCDA twin pregnancies, hoping to provide a reference for the further establishment of fetal growth reference values for Chinese twin fetuses.
Practice Variation in Utilization of Flap or Graft Reconstruction Among Veterans Affairs Surgeons After Extirpation of Keratinocyte Carcinoma on the Nose
Authors: Massey Paul R. , Rothstein Brooke E. , Gupta Sameer , Sigel Keith , Schmults Chrysalyne D. , Waldman Abigail 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Practice variation has been well documented across the US health care system but has not been explored in reconstructive surgical choice after keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) extirpation.

OBJECTIVE
Assess practice variation in utilization of complex (flap or graft) reconstruction after excision of KC on the nose among a multidisciplinary group of reconstructive surgeons (Mohs micrographic and plastic surgery).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomly selected subset of surgically treated, routine, primary, invasive KCs on the nose between 2000 to 2012 at the Veterans Affairs (VA)-Boston Healthcare System were assessed. Patient factors, tumor factors, and individual surgeons with sufficient case volume were fit to a multivariate logistic regression model to assess between-surgeon differences in the odds of performing a complex reconstruction.

RESULTS
Ten surgeons met the case volume threshold for analysis, encompassing 338 KC on the nose excised and reconstructed from 2000 to 2012. After adjusting for patient age, tumor diameter, and location, 6 surgeons performed significantly more complex reconstructions than the reference surgeon, and the case-adjusted predicted probability of complex reconstruction ranged from 7% to 99% (p ≤ .0001).

CONCLUSION
Marked practice variation in reconstruction choice exists among surgeons after extirpation of KC on the nose at one VA health care system. High-quality comparative studies regarding optimal nasal reconstruction after extirpation of KC are needed.
Orbital Vascular Anomalies: A Nomenclatorial, Etiological, and Nosologic Conundrum
Authors: Tawfik Hatem A. , Dutton Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that frequently present in the periorbital region. They encompass 2 broad entities: vascular tumors, which possess a proliferative endothelium, and vascular malformations, which are basically localized defects of vascular morphogenesis. The primary goal of this review was to address inaccurate or controversial terminology in the oculoplastic literature concerning orbital and periorbital vascular anomalies and to categorize these lesions in an abridged and simplified hierarchical list that adheres as much as possible to the most recent (2018) iteration for the classification of vascular lesions proposed by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). The secondary goal of this review was to review and update information regarding the genetic underpinnings of vascular anomalies and the downstream signaling pathways that are subsequently affected as a result of these genetic errors.

Methods:
A literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, National Center for Biotechnology Information Bookshelf, and Embase for several related keywords including “vascular anomalies, vascular malformations, vascular tumors, and cavernous venous malformation,” both with and without adding the keywords “eyelid,” “orbital,” and “periorbital.” In addition, a detailed search was conducted for controversial or obsolete keywords like “cavernous hemangioma,” “lymphangioma,” and “varices,” again in their systemic and orbital/periorbital context.

Results:
Crucial issues in the 2018 ISSVA classification regarding the proper categorization of orbital vascular anomalies, particularly venous lesions, were critically evaluated and revised, and a regional, simplified, and abridged modification of the ISSVA 2018 classification was proposed.

Conclusions:
Interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary dialogue concerning orbital vascular anomalies is seriously compromised due to the lack of a unanimous agreement on terminology and the absence of a unified classification concept system. The authors recommend that oculoplastic surgeons adopt ISSVA terminology whenever technically possible and scientifically sound. However, they also propose modifying the ISSVA 2018 classification specifically to adapt to the peculiarities of vascular anomalies in the periorbital region. At present, the simplified classification proposed here is a preliminary first step towards managing patients with orbital vascular anomalies with greater diagnostic and therapeutic precision, until such time in the future when the entire genetic makeup of orbital vascular anomalies is more completely elucidated. Optimistically, this could pave the way for a more robust classification and the ultimate therapeutic cure.
Patterns of Adherence to Secondary Prevention Measures Among Chinese Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lu Minmin , Hravnak Marilyn , Chang Yuefang , Lin Ying , Zhang Xian , Ma Jianying , Shen Yunzhi , Xia Haiou 
Published: July 2021

Background
Adherence to secondary prevention measures among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) affects patient prognosis, whereas patients' adherence behaviors change over time.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to identify adherence trajectories to secondary prevention measures including medication-taking and a heart-healthy lifestyle and to estimate predictors of adherence trajectories among patients with CAD.

Methods
This longitudinal study enrolled 698 patients with CAD who received a percutaneous coronary intervention in China. Demographics, clinical characteristics, adherence to secondary prevention measures, and patient-related factors including disease knowledge, self-efficacy, and health literacy were measured during hospitalization. Adherence behaviors were followed at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year after discharge. Group-based trajectory models estimated adherence trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression identified trajectory group predictors.

Results
Four trajectory groups were identified for medication-taking adherence: sustained adherence (39.9%), increasing and then decreasing adherence (23.1%), increasing adherence (23.4%), and nonadherence (13.6%). The 3 adherence trajectory groups for a heart-healthy lifestyle were sustained adherence (59.7%), increasing adherence (28.3%), and nonadherence (12.0%). Married patients were more likely (odds ratio [OR], 3.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–7.52) to have sustained adherence to medication-taking. However, patients with higher disease knowledge were less likely (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) to be adherent. Patients who were not working (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.03–4.92) had higher self-efficacy (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37). Those with higher health literacy (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.38) were more likely to have sustained adherence to a heart-healthy lifestyle. However, patients having no coronary stents (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19–0.70) were less likely to have done so.

Conclusions
Trajectories of adherence to secondary prevention measures among mainland Chinese patients with CAD are multipatterned. Healthcare providers should formulate targeted adherence support, which considers the influence of disease knowledge, self-efficacy, and health literacy.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Inflammation and Event-Free Survival in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Saleh Zyad T. , Alraoush Ahmad T. , Aqel Ahmad A. , Shawashi Tagreed O. , Chung Misook , Lennie Terry A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Heart failure (HF) is associated with chronic inflammation, which is adversely associated with survival. Although sex-related differences in inflammation have been described in patients with HF, whether sex-related differences in inflammation are associated with event-free survival has not been examined.

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine whether the association between inflammation as indicated by tumor necrosis factor-α and event-free survival differs between men and women with HF after controlling for demographic and clinical variables.

Method
This was a secondary analysis of data from 301 male (age, 61.0 ± 11.4 years) and 137 female (age, 60.3 ± 12.1 years) patients with HF. Serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 were used to indicate inflammatory status. Patients were grouped according to median split of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 level and sex into male with low inflammation (≤1820 pg/mL) (n = 158) or high inflammation (>1820 pg/mL) (n = 143), and female with low inflammation (n = 63) or high inflammation (n = 74). Cox regression models were run separately for men and women to determine whether inflammation contributed to differences in event-free survival between sexes with HF.

Results
There were 84 male (27.9%) and 27 female (19.7%) patients who had an event. Event-free survival in women did not differ by the severity of inflammation in the Cox regression analysis. In contrast, men with high inflammation had 1.85 times higher risk for an event compared with men with low inflammation.

Conclusion
These data provide evidence that inflammation contributed to differences in event-free survival in men but not women with HF. Clinicians should be aware that men who have higher inflammation may be at a greater risk of HF or cardiac-related events than others with HF.
Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Burström Åsa , Acuña Mora Mariela , Sparud-Lundin Carina , Moons Philip , Bratt Ewa-Lena 
Published: July 2021

Background
Studies show that adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) lack knowledge about reproductive health in relation to their CHD.

Objective
The aims were to investigate (i) the proportion of adolescents with CHD receiving information about reproductive health, (ii) the level of reproductive health knowledge in adolescents with CHD, and (iii) potential correlates for receiving information about reproductive health.

Methods
A total of 202 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (mean age 15.7 ± 1.1 years) with CHD completed the Knowledge Scale for Adults with Congenitally Malformed Hearts and were asked if they had received information about contraception and pregnancies or if this would be of interest.

Results
Few adolescents could recall receiving information about contraceptives (5%) and pregnancies (15%). Furthermore, only 24% adolescents wanted information about contraceptives, and 42% of the female adolescents wanted information about pregnancies. There was a higher probability of male adolescents wanting information about contraceptives. Knowledge about reproductive health varied regarding knowledge about why they had been born with CHD (68%), knowledge about the hereditary nature of the CHD (48%), and if sexual activity could worsen their CHD (70%). However, few (11%) had knowledge about the elevated risk of having a child with CHD. Age was associated with a higher probability of having knowledge about the risks of having a child with CHD.

Conclusions
The low number of adolescents receiving information about contraceptives and pregnancies may have implications for future health and family planning. Future research is needed to identify and evaluate successful communication strategies that help to identify adolescents' preferences on how to approach this sensitive topic.
Study of the Comorbidity Between Cases of Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathies and COVID-19
Authors: Charpiot Anne , Hautefort Charlotte , Jourdaine Clément , Lavieille Jean-Pierre , Levy Daniel , Poillon Guillaume , Tighilet Brahim , Weckel Alexandra , Chabbert Christian 
Published: July 2021

Importance:
An infective etiology of acute peripheral vestibulopathy (APV) has long been hypothesized. In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we examined the possible comorbidity between these two entities.

Objectives:
APV is the second most common cause of vestibular disorders and results from a sudden and unilateral loss of vestibular inputs. The characteristic signs and symptoms include sudden and prolonged vertigo, absence of auditory symptoms, and absence of other neurological symptoms. An infective etiology of APV has long been hypothesized on the basis of its association with respiratory tract infections and its frequent occurrence in epidemics. Possible comorbidity with herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation or influenza virus infection has also been proposed. This study was designed to assess the possible comorbidity between APV and COVID-19.

Design/setting/participants:
Quantification of the number of hospital admissions for APV over the period from February to May 2020 was carried out in 5 French hospitals. A comparison with 2018 and 2019 entries over the same period was made. Comorbidity between APV and COVID-19 infection was investigated.

Results:
No significant increase in admission for APV was noticed over the examination period. No significant difference was noticed among hospitals located in COVID-19 high- and low-risk zones for SARS-CoV-2. No significant increase in the severity of the APV cases was noticed. No case of comorbidity between APV and SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported. Based on our observations, no correlation was made between APV and COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Based on our observations, COVID-19 is not statistically correlated with APV.
A Novel Instrument for Endoscopic Ear Surgery With a Steerable Flexible Tip: A Pediatric Anatomical Validation Study
Authors: Chayaopas Nichtima , Swarup Arushri , Eastwood Kyle W. , Francis Peter , Kahrs Lueder A. , Maguire Bryan , Drake James , James Adrian 
Published: July 2021

Hypothesis:
This study compares the reaching ability of two classes of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) instruments when operating on difficult to access anatomical targets; two novel instruments with steerable flexible tips (SFT-A and SFT-B) and suction capability are compared with standard commercially available tools.

Background:
TEES surgeons identified the need for a new surgical instrument that can enable accessibility of all areas visualized by the endoscope. This motivated the development of the two instrument prototypes.

Methods:
Six temporal bone models were 3D printed based on CT data from five cholesteatoma patients. Four anatomical targets were marked on each model. Using these targets, the reaching ability while using four standard TEES instruments were compared with the SFT-A and SFT-B prototypes by five surgeon participants. Results were analysed to compare success rates of contacting each target using each tool by fitting four Firth's logistic regression models. This calculated the statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in tool success rate.

Results:
Using SFT-A to contact the sinus tympani (100%) was significantly more successful than the Panetti suction dissector for atticus (PAT) (77%) and to contact the sinodural angle (0%) was less successful than the PAT (10%) and SFT-B (93%). Using SFT-B to contact the lateral semicircular canal (90%) was significantly more successful than all current tools and to contact the sinodural angle (93%) was significantly more successful than all tools.

Conclusion:
Using SFT-B enables enhanced accessibility of anatomical structures during TEES which may lead to less extensive bone removal to facilitate minimally invasive TEES.
Tinnitus and Subjective Hearing Loss are More Common in Migraine: A Cross-Sectional NHANES Analysis
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Abouzari Mehdi , Risbud Adwight , Mostaghni Navid , Muhonen Ethan G. , Martin Elaine , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
To investigate whether migraine is independently associated with tinnitus and subjective hearing loss (HL) in a large national database.

Methods:
The de-identified 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database was retrospectively queried for subjects aged 18 to 65. HL and tinnitus were subjectively reported by subjects.

Results:
A total of 12,962 subjects (52.9% female) with a mean age of 38.1 ± 14.6 years were included. This consisted of 2,657 (20.5%), 2,344 (18.1%), and 2,582 (19.9%) subjects who had migraine, subjective-HL, and tinnitus, respectively. In patients with tinnitus or subjective-HL, migraine was reported in 35.6% and 24.5%, respectively. Migraineurs were more likely to have subjective-HL (25.0% vs. 16.6%, p < 0.001) and tinnitus (34.6% vs. 16.9%, p < 0.001) compared to the nonmigraineurs. This corresponded to migraine having an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–1.7, p < 0.001) and 2.2 (95% CI 2.0–2.4, p < 0.001) for subjective-HL and tinnitus, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, subjective-HL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4, p = 0.003), tinnitus (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.9–2.3, p < 0.001), and neck pain (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 3.6–4.5, p < 0.001) were more common in migraineurs. Among migraineurs, a higher proportion of those with tinnitus also had subjective-HL compared to those without tinnitus (40.0% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of those with subjective-HL also had tinnitus compared to those without HL (58.1% vs. 27.3%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study suggests an independent association between migraine with subjective-HL and tinnitus. Otologic migraine, which is the effects of migraine on the ear, may be partly responsible for the link between HL, tinnitus, neck pain, and migraine.
The Influence of Extent of Resection and Tumor Morphology on Facial Nerve Outcomes Following Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Perkins Elizabeth L. , Manzoor Nauman F. , Totten Douglas J. , Sherry Alexander D. , Cass Nathan , Thompson Reid , Tawfik Kareem , O’Malley Matthew , Bennett Marc , Haynes David S. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To determine the influence extent of resection and tumor characteristics on facial nerve (FN) outcomes following microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Three hundred eighty-five patients who underwent VS microsurgical resection.

Interventions:
Microsurgical VS resection.

Main Outcome Measures:
House-Brackmann (HB) scores postoperatively. Good FN function was defined as HB grade I and II and poor FN function was defined as HB grade III and VI. Gross total resection (GTR) versus subtotal resection (STR). Propensity-score matching was used in subset analysis to balance tumor volume between the surgical cohorts, followed by multivariable analysis.

Results:
Seventy-one patients (18%) underwent STR and 314 patients (82%) underwent GTR. Two hundred fourteen patients (63%) had good FN function at 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively, and 80% had good FN function at 1 year. In single predictor analysis, STR did not influence FN function at 2 to 3 weeks (p = 0.65). In propensity-score matched subset analysis (N = 178), patients with STR were less likely to have poor FN function at 2 to 3 weeks (p = 0.02) independent of tumor volume (p = 0.004), but there was no correlation between STR and FN function at 1 year (p = 0.09). Ventral extension of tumor relative to the internal auditory canal plane was associated with poor FN outcomes at 2 to 3 weeks (p = 0.0001) and 1-year postop (p = 0.002).

Conclusions:
When accounting for tumor volume, STR is protective in immediate postoperative FN function compared to GTR. Ventral extension of the tumor is a clinical predictor of long-term FN outcomes.
Opioids Are Infrequently Required following Ambulatory Otologic Surgery
Authors: Mavrommatis Maria A. , Fan Caleb J. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Kaul Vivian F. , Schwam Zachary G. , Wong Kevin , Perez Enrique , Wanna George B. , Cosetti Maura K. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To determine the frequency with which postoperative opioid prescriptions are required after ambulatory otologic surgery.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary otology–neurotology practice.

Patients:
Patients (n = 447) given over-the-counter acetaminophen and ibuprofen following ambulatory otologic surgery between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020.

Intervention:
Opioid prescription upon request.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient, disease, and surgical variables such as age, sex, past medical history, chronic pain condition, surgical procedure, primary versus (vs.) revision surgery, and endoscopic vs. microscopic approach were examined for relationship to ad hoc opioid prescription rate.

Results:
Of 370 adult patients (mean age 49.0 yrs, range 18.0–88.5 yrs), 75 (20.3%) were prescribed opioids for postoperative pain, most commonly oxycodone-acetaminophen 5/325 mg. Of 77 pediatric patients (mean age 8.8 yrs, range 0.7–17.9 yrs), 5 (6.5%) were prescribed postoperative opioid analgesia. In the adult population, chronic pain condition, pain medication use at baseline, canal wall up mastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, tympanomeatal flap, bone removal of the mastoid, postauricular incision, and intraoperative microscopy were independent predictors of opioid pain prescription. When controlling for all significant variables, only chronic pain condition remained significant (odds ratio = 3.94; p = 0.0007). In the pediatric population, atresiaplasty, meatoplasty, and conchal cartilage removal were independently associated with opioid prescription, but none remained significant when analyzed in a multivariate linear model.

Conclusions:
Pain following ambulatory otologic surgery may be adequately managed with over-the-counter pain medications in the majority of cases. Opioids may be necessary in adults with preexisting pain conditions.