bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review assessing the potential for release of vector species from competition following insecticide-based population suppression ofAnophelesspecies in Africa
Authors: Qureshi Alima , Connolly John B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile insecticide-based vector control can effectively target vector species in areas of high malaria endemicity, such asAnopheles gambiaein Africa, residual disease transmission can occur. Understanding the potential role of competitive displacement between vector species could inform both current insecticide-based vector control programmes and the development of future complementary interventions.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies of insecticide-based vector control ofAnophelesspecies in Africa that reported indices for absolute densities of vector species. After screening against inclusion, exclusion and risk of bias criteria, studies were assigned to three categories based on whether they showed population density changes involving decreases in two or more vector species (D), increases in two or more vector species (I), or increases in one vector species concomitant with decreases in another vector species (ID). Category ID studies could thus provide evidence consistent with the release of vector species from competition following the insecticide-based population suppression ofAnophelesspecies.ResultsOf 5,569 papers identified in searches, 30 were selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Nineteen studies were assigned to category D and 1 study to category I. Ten studies categorised as ID provided evidence ranging from weak to persuasive that release from competition could have contributed to changes in species composition. Category ID showed no statistical differences from category D for reductions in malaria transmission and levels of insecticide resistance, but did so for insecticide type, pyrethroids being associated with category ID. A qualitative assessment identified 5 studies that provided the most convincing evidence that release from competition could have contributed to changes in species composition.ConclusionThis review identified evidence that insecticide-based reductions in the density ofAnophelesspecies in Africa could facilitate the release of other vector species from competition. While it remains uncertain whether this evidence is representative of most entomological sequelae from the use insecticide-based vector control in the field, 5 studies provided persuasive evidence that insecticide use could lead, at least under some circumstances, to competitive release of non-targeted vector species. These results should inform current and future integrated vector management approaches to malaria control.
Determinants of adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours in Canada: Results from the iCARE Study
Authors: Lavoie Kim L. , Gosselin-Boucher Vincent , Stojanovic Jovana , Voisard Brigitte , Szczepanik Geneviève , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Belanger-Gravel Ariane , Bacon Simon L. ,   for the iCARE Study Team
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveKey to slowing the spread of SARS-Cov-2 is adherence to preventive behaviours promoted through government policies, which may be influenced by policy awareness, attitudes and concerns about the virus and its impacts. This study assessed determinants of adherence to major coronavirus preventive behaviours, including demographics, attitudes and concerns, among Canadians during the first pandemic wave.MethodsAs part of the iCARE study (www.iCAREstudy.com), we weighted data from two population-based, online surveys (April and June, 2020) of Canadian adults. Questions tapped into behaviour change constructs. Multivariate regression models identified determinants of adherence.ResultsData from 6,008 respondents (51% female) were weighted for age, sex, and province. Awareness of government policies was high at both time points (80-99%), and adherence to prevention behaviours was high in April (87.5%-93.5%) but decreased over time, particularly for avoiding social gatherings (68.1%). Adherence was worse among men, those aged 25 and under, and those currently working. Aligned with the Health Beliefs Model, perceptions of the importance of prevention behaviours and the nature of people’s COVID-19-related concerns were highly predictive of adherence. Interestingly, health and social/economic concerns predicted better adherence, but having greater personal financial concerns predicted worse adherence at both time points.ConclusionAdherence to COVID-19 prevention behaviours was worse among men, younger adults, and workers, and deteriorated over time. Perceived importance of prevention behaviours measures and health and social/economic concerns predicted better adherence, but personal financial concerns predicted worse adherence. Results have implications for tailoring policy and communication strategies during subsequent pandemic waves.
SARS-CoV-2-antibody response in health care workers after vaccination or natural infection in a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Herzberg Jonas , Vollmer Tanja , Fischer Bastian , Becher Heiko , Becker Ann-Kristin , Honarpisheh Human , Guraya Salman Yousuf , Strate Tim , Knabbe Cornelius 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFollowing a year of development, several vaccines have been approved to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic. Real world comparative data on immune response following vaccination or natural infection are rare.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal observational study in employees at a secondary care hospital affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparisons were made about the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunglobulin G (IgG) antibody ratio after natural infection, or vaccination with one or two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2), or one dose of AstraZenca (Vaxzevria) vaccine.ResultsWe found a 100% humoral response rate in participants after 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The antibody ratio in participants with one dose BNT162b2 and Vaxzevria did not differ significantly to those with previous PCR-confirmed infection, whereas this was significantly lower in comparison to two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer. We could not identify a correlation with previous comorbidities, obesity or age within this study. Smoking showed a negative effect on the antibody response (p=0.006)ConclusionOur data provide an overview about humoral immune response after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or following vaccination, and supports the usage of booster vaccinations, especially in patients after a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A Survey of the Smokefree Status of Pedestrian-Only Spaces in 10 New Zealand Local Government Areas
Authors: Wilson Nick , Gurram Niveditha , Grout Leah , Thomson George 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAimTo describe the smokefree status and signage of outdoor pedestrian-only plazas/malls/boulevards in 10 New Zealand local government (council) areas.MethodsThe 10 council areas were a convenience sample. Council websites were examined for smokefree policies and a systematic attempt was made to identify the five largest pedestrian-only sites with permanent seating in each council area (10 sites each for two larger cities). Field visits were conducted to all selected sites.ResultsSmokefree policies with components covering smokefree outdoor plazas/malls/boulevards were common (80%; 8/10 councils), albeit with some gaps (eg, around signage and vaping policy). A total of 60 relevant pedestrianised sites with permanent seating were identified and surveyed. Of these 63% were officially designated smokefree. Smokefree signage was only present in 15% (9/60) of all the sites and in 24% (9/38) of the designated smokefree sites. In these designated sites the average number of smokefree signs was only 1.4 (range: 0 to 14). Issues identified with the signs included small size, being only a small part of a larger other sign, limited use of te reo Māori wording, and not covering vaping. At sites where tables were present, 12% had ash trays on the tables (none where smokefree).ConclusionsSmokefree plazas/malls/boulevards in this survey had multiple policy and signage deficiencies that are inconsistent with achieving the national smokefree goal for 2025. There is scope to address these issues with an upgrade to the national smokefree law.
Modeling and reviewing analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria with diagnostic shadow
Authors: Jia Jiwei , Liu Siyu , Liu Yawen , Shan Ruitong , Zennir Khaled , Zhang Ran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate a special epidemic dynamic model to describe the transmission of COVID-19 in Algeria. We derive the threshold parameter control reproduction number, and present the effective control reproduction number (Rc(t)) as a real-time index for evaluating the epidemic under different control strategies. Due to the limitation of the reported data, we redefine the number of accumulative confirmed cases with diagnostic shadow and then use the processed data to do the optimal numerical simulations. According to the control measures, we divide the whole research period into six stages. And then the corresponding medical resource estimations and the average effective control reproduction numbers for each stage are given. Meanwhile, we use the parameter values which are obtained from the optimal numerical simulations to forecast the whole epidemic tendency under different control strategies.
SARS-COV-2 VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT IDENTIFICATION THROUGH CANINE OLFACTIVE DETECTION ON AXILLARY SWEAT SAMPLES
Authors: Grandjean Dominique , Gallet Capucine , Lecoq-Julien Clotilde , Sarkis Riad , Muzzin Quentin , Roger Vinciane , Roisse Didier , Dirn Nicolas , Levert Clément , Breton Erwan , Galtat Arnaud , Forget Alexandre , Charreaudeau Sébastien , Gasmi Fabien , Jean-Baptiste Caroline , Petitjean Sébastien , Hamon Katia , Duquesne Jean-Michel , Coudert Chantal , Tourtier Jean-Pierre , Billy Christophe , Wurtz Jean-Marc , Chauvin Anthony , Eyer Xavier , Ziani Sabrina , Prevel Laura , Cherubini Ilaria , Khelili-Houas Enfel , Hausfater Pierre , Devillier Philippe , Desquilbet Loïc 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTFacing the COVID-19 pandemic, testing individuals in order to promptly isolate positive people is one of the key actions. One approach to rapid testing might be to consider the olfactory capacities of trained detection dogs in order to develop a non-invasive, rapid and cheap mass detection approach, through the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The goal of this study was to determine the individual values of sensitivity and specificity of trained dogs when performing olfactory detection of COVID-19 on axillary sweat samples. Seven dogs were used to sniff a total of 218 samples (62 COVID-19 positive and 156 COVID-19 negative samples), based on a randomised and double-blinded protocol carried out on olfaction cone line-ups. To ensure a wide olfactory range as close as possible to operational conditions, the samples were retrieved from 13 different sites.Sensitivities varied from 87% to 94% for 6 dogs, and were above 90% for 3 of them. Only one dog, whose sensitivity was 60%, was not selected to subsequently enter the operational stage. Specificities varied from 78% to 92%, with 6 dogs over 85% and 4 dogs over 90%.Based on the calculated sensitivity and specificity for each dog, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated according to several prevalence rates of SARS-CoV-2 scenarii, and were compared to PPV and NPV of an “almost perfect” diagnostic tool. For 6 out of the 7 dogs, and for a prevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 lower or equal than 40%, the NPV of the dogs were virtually the same as the one of the “almost perfect” tool. Along with other studies on olfactory detection of COVID-19 by dogs these positive and encouraging results suggest that olfactory dogs may play an important part in mass COVID-19 pre-testing situations.
Determinants of haemosporidian single and co-infections risks in western paleartic birds
Authors: Pigeault Romain , Chevalier Mathieu , Cozzarolo Camille-Sophie , Baur Molly , Arlettaz Mathilde , Cibois Alice , Keiser André , Guisan Antoine , Christe Philippe , Glaizot Olivier 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCo-infections with multiple pathogens are common in the wild and may act as a strong selective pressure on both host and parasite evolution. Yet, contrary to single infection, the factors that shape co-infection risk are largely under-investigated. Here, we explored the extent to which bird ecology and phylogeny impact single and co-infection probabilities by haemosporidian parasites using large datasets from museum collections and a Bayesian phylogenetic modelling framework. While both phylogeny and species attributes (e.g. size of the geographic range, life-history strategy, migration) were relevant predictors of co-infection risk, these factors were less pertinent in predicting the probability of being single infected. Our study suggests that co-infection risk is under a stronger deterministic control than single-infection risk. These results underscore the combined influence of host evolutionary history and species attributes in determining single and co-infection pattern providing new avenues regarding our ability to predict infection risk in the wild.
Delimitation of the Tick-Borne Flaviviruses. Resolving the Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Louping-Ill Virus Paraphyletic Taxa
Authors: Bondaryuk Artem N. , Andaev Evgeny I. , Dzhioev Yurij P. , Zlobin Vladimir I. , Tkachev Sergey E. , Bukin Yurij S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tick-borne flavivirus (TBFV) group contains at least 12 members where five of them are important pathogens of humans inducing diseases with varying severity (from mild fever forms to acute encephalitis). The taxonomy structure of TBFV is not fully clarified at present. In particular, there is a number of paraphyletic issues of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping-ill virus (LIV). In this study, we aimed to apply different bioinformatic approaches to analyze all available complete genome amino acid sequences to delineate TBFV members at the species level. Results showed that the European subtype of TBEV (TBEV-E) is a distinct species unit. LIV, in turn, should be separated into two species. Additional analysis of the diversity of TBEV and LIV antigenic determinants also demonstrate that TBEV-E and LIV are significantly different from other TBEV subtypes. The analysis of available literature provided data on other virus phenotypic particularities that supported our hypothesis. So, within the TBEV+LIV paraphyletic group, we offer to assign four species to get a more accurate understanding of the TBFV interspecies structure according to the modern monophyletic conception.
Rhizospheric and endophyticPseudomonas aeruginosain edible vegetable plants share molecular and metabolic traits with clinical isolates
Authors: Ambreetha Sakthivel , Marimuthu Ponnusamy , Mathee Kalai , Balachandar Dananjeyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa,a leading opportunistic pathogen causing hospital-acquired infections is predominantly present in agricultural settings. There are minimal attempts to examine the molecular and functional attributes shared by agricultural and clinical strains ofP. aeruginosa.This study aims to investigate the presence ofP. aeruginosain edible vegetable plants (including salad vegetables) and analyze the evolutionary and metabolic relatedness of the agricultural and clinical strains. Eighteen rhizospheric and endophyticP. aeruginosastrains were isolated from cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and chili directly from the farms. The identity of these strains was confirmed using biochemical, and molecular markers and their genetic and metabolic traits were compared with clinical isolates. DNA fingerprinting analyses and 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic tree revealed that the plant- and human-associated strains are evolutionarily related. Both agricultural and clinical isolates possessed plant-beneficial properties, including mineral solubilization (phosphorous, potassium, and zinc), ammonification, and the ability to release extracellular siderophore and indole-3 acetic acid. These findings suggest that rhizospheric and endophyticP. aeruginosastrains are genetically and functionally analogous to the clinical isolates. This study highlights the edible plants as a potential source for human and animal transmission ofP. aeruginosa.
Evidence for two distinct thalamocortical circuits in retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Lomi Eleonora , Mathiasen Mathias L. , Cheng Han Yin , Zhang Ningyu , Aggleton John P. , Mitchell Anna S. , Jeffery Kate J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRetrosplenial cortex (RSC) lies at the interface between perceptual and memory networks in the brain and mediates between these, although it is not yet known how. It has two distinct subregions, granular (gRSC) and dysgranular (dRSC). The present study investigated how these subregions differ with respect to their electrophysiology and connections, as a step towards understanding their functions. gRSC is more closely connected to the hippocampal system, in which theta-band local field potential oscillations are prominent. We therefore compared theta-rhythmic single-unit activity between the two RSC subregions and found, mostly in gRSC, a subpopulation of non-directional cells with spiking activity strongly entrained by theta oscillations, suggesting a stronger coupling of gRSC to the hippocampal system. We then used retrograde tracers to examine whether differences in neural coding between RSC subregions might reflect differential inputs from the anterior thalamus, which is a prominent source of RSC afferents. We found that gRSC and dRSC differ in their afferents from two AV subfields: dorsomedial (AVDM) and ventrolateral (AVVL). AVVL targets both gRSC and dRSC, while AVDM provides a selective projection to gRSC. These combined results suggest the existence of two distinct but interacting RSC subcircuits: one connecting AVDM to gRSC that may comprise part of the cognitive hippocampal system, and the other connecting AVVL to both RSC regions that may link hippocampal and perceptual regions. We suggest that these subcircuits are distinct to allow for differential weighting during integration of converging sensory and cognitive computations: an integration that may take place in thalamus, RSC or both.HighlightsThe two retrosplenial cortex subregions, gRSC and dRSC, differ in their temporal firing characteristics and relation to theta oscillations.There are differential afferents from the anteroventral thalamic nucleus to gRSC and dRSC, with the dorsomedial subnucleus projecting selectively to gRSC.The anteroventral thalamus-retrosplenial cortex circuitry thus comprises two functionally and anatomically distinct but connected circuits, differentially connected to the hippocampal system, that may support the integration of cognitive and perceptual information.
Analysis of the Genetic Structure and Diversity of Upland Cotton Groups in Different Planting Areas Based on SNP Markers
Authors: Wang Jungduo , Zhang Zeliang , Gong Zhaolong , Liang Yajun , Ai Xiantao , Sang Zhiwei , Guo Jiangping , Li Xueyuan , Zheng Juyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenetic diversity, kinship and population genetic structure analyses of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm can provide a better understanding of the origin and evolution of G. hirsutum biodiversity. In this study, 1313331 SNP molecular markers were used to construct a phylogenetic tree of each sample using MEGAX, to perform population structure analysis by ADMIXTURE software and principal component analysis (PCA) by EIGENSOFT software, and to estimate relatedness using SPAGeDi. ADMIXTURE software divided the experimental cotton population into 16 subgroups, and the Gossypium hirsutum samples could be roughly clustered according to source place, but there were some overlapping characteristics among samples. The experimental cotton population was divided into six groups according to source to calculate the genetic diversity index (H), and the obtained value (0.306) was close to that for germplasm collected by others in China. Cluster 4 had a relatively high genetic diversity level (0.390). The degrees of genetic differentiation within the experimental cotton population groups were low (the population differentiation indexes ranged from 0.02368 to 0.10664). The genetic distance among cotton accessions varied from 0.000332651 to 0.562664014, with an average of 0.25240429. The results of this study may provide a basis for mining elite alleles and using them for subsequent association analysis.
Ageing red deer alter their spatial behaviour and become less social
Authors: Albery Gregory F , Clutton-Brock Tim H. , Morris Alison , Morris Sean , Pemberton Josephine M , Nussey Daniel H , Firth Josh A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial relationships are important to many aspects of animals’ lives, and an individual’s connections may change over the course of their lifespan. Currently, it is unclear whether social connectedness declines within individuals as they age, and what the underlying mechanisms might be, so the role of age in structuring animal social systems remains unresolved, particularly in non-primates. Here, we describe senescent declines in social connectedness using 43 years of data in a wild, individually monitored population of a long-lived mammal (European red deer,Cervus elaphus). Applying a series of spatial and social network analyses, we demonstrate that these declines occur due to within-individual changes in social behaviour, with correlated changes in spatial behaviour (smaller home ranges and movements to lower-density, lower-quality areas). These findings demonstrate that within-individual socio-spatial behavioural changes can lead older animals in fission-fusion societies to become less socially connected, shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary processes structuring wild animal populations.
Stratum Lacunosum-moleculare Interneurons of the Hippocampus Coordinate Memory Encoding and Retrieval
Authors: Guo Jun , Oliveros Heankel Cantu , Oh So Jung , Liang Bo , Li Ying , Kavalali Ege T. , Lin Da-Ting , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEncoding and retrieval of memory are two processes serving distinct biological purposes but operating in highly overlapping brain circuits. It is unclear how the two processes are coordinated in the same brain regions, especially in the hippocampal CA1 region where the two processes converge at the cellular level. Here we find that the neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF)-positive interneurons at stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) in CA1 play opposite roles in memory encoding and retrieval. These interneurons show high activities in learning and low activities in recall. Increasing their activity facilitates learning but impairs recall. They inhibit the entorhinal- but dis-inhibit the CA3- inputs to CA1 pyramidal cells and thereby either suppress or elevate CA1 pyramidal cells’ activity depending on animal’s behavioral states. Thus, by coordinating entorhinal- and CA3- dual inputs to CA1, these SLM interneurons are key to switching the hippocampus between encoding and retrieval modes.
SpotClean adjusts for spot swapping in spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Ni Zijian , Prasad Aman , Chen Shuyang , Halberg Richard B. , Arkin Lisa , Drolet Beth , Newton Michael , Kendziorski Christina 
Published: June 2021

SummarySpatial transcriptomics (ST) is a powerful and widely-used approach for profiling genome-wide gene expression across a tissue with emerging applications in molecular medicine and tumor diagnostics. Recent spatial transcriptomics experiments utilize slides containing thousands of spots with spot-specific barcodes that bind mRNA. Ideally, unique molecular identifiers at a spot measure spot-specific expression, but this is often not the case owing to bleed from nearby spots, an artifact we refer to as spot swapping. We propose SpotClean to adjust for spot swapping and, in doing so, to increase the sensitivity and precision with which downstream analyses are conducted.