bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic antropometric measurement in 3D CT for placement of two unilateral iliosacral S1 - 7.3 mm screws
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Helm Lisa , Obertacke Udo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Stability of the dorsal pelvic ring is important for patient mobilisation and can be restored using several surgical procedures after fracture. Placement of percutaneous iliosacral screws is a reliable and minimal-invasive technique to achieve stabilisation of the dorsal pelvic ring by placement of two screws in the first sacral vertebra. Aim of this study was to evaluate 3D CT scans regarding the anatomical possibility to place two 7.3 mm iliosacral screws for fixation of the dorsal pelvic ring.

Methods
3D CT datasets of 500 consecutive trauma patients with 1000 hemipelves of a mid-european level I trauma centre with or without pelvic injury were evaluated and measured bilaterally in this retrospective study.

Results
One thousand hemipelvic datasets of 500 patients (157 females, 343 males) with a mean age of 49.7 years (18 to 95) were included in this study. Only 16 hemipelves (1.6%, 11 in females, 5 in males) in 14 patients (2.8%, 9 females = 5.73%, 5 males = 1.5%) showed too narrow corridors so that 7.3 mm screw placement would not be possible (p = 0.001). In women, too narrow corridors occurred 3.9 times as often as in men. Only two females showed this bilaterally.

Conclusion
The evaluation of 3D CT scans of the pelvis showed the importance of planning iliosacral screw placement, especially if two 7.3 mm screws are intended to be placed in the first sacral vertebra.
Reliability and reproducibility of sciatic nerve magnetization transfer imaging and T2 relaxometry
Authors: Preisner Fabian , Behnisch Rouven , Foesleitner Olivia , Schwarz Daniel , Wehrstein Michaela , Meredig Hagen , Friedmann-Bette Birgit , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Kronlage Moritz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the interreader and test-retest reliability of magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and T2 relaxometry in sciatic nerve MR neurography (MRN).

Materials and methods
In this prospective study, 21 healthy volunteers were examined three times on separate days by a standardized MRN protocol at 3 Tesla, consisting of an MTI sequence, a multi-echo T2 relaxometry sequence, and a high-resolution T2-weighted sequence. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), T2 relaxation time, and proton spin density (PSD) of the sciatic nerve were assessed by two independent observers, and both interreader and test-retest reliability for all readout parameters were reported by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM).

Results
For the sciatic nerve, overall mean ± standard deviation MTR was 26.75 ± 3.5%, T2 was 64.54 ± 8.2 ms, and PSD was 340.93 ± 78.8. ICCs ranged between 0.81 (MTR) and 0.94 (PSD) for interreader reliability and between 0.75 (MTR) and 0.94 (PSD) for test-retest reliability. SEM for interreader reliability was 1.7% for MTR, 2.67 ms for T2, and 21.3 for PSD. SEM for test-retest reliability was 1.7% for MTR, 2.66 ms for T2, and 20.1 for PSD.

Conclusions
MTI and T2 relaxometry of the sciatic nerve are reliable and reproducible. The values of measurement imprecision reported here may serve as a guide for correct interpretation of quantitative MRN biomarkers in future studies.

Key Points
• Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and T2 relaxometry of the sciatic nerve are reliable and reproducible.
• The imprecision that is unavoidably associated with different scans or different readers can be estimated by the here presented SEM values for the biomarkers T2, PSD, and MTR.
• These values may serve as a guide for correct interpretation of quantitative MRN biomarkers in future studies and possible clinical applications.
Development and external validation of prognostic models to predict sudden and pump-failure death in patients with HFrEF from PARADIGM-HF and ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Shen Li , Claggett Brian L. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Abraham William T. , Desai Akshay Suvas , Dickstein Kenneth , Gong Jianjian , Køber Lars V. , Lefkowitz Marty P. , Rouleau Jean L. , Shi Victor C. , Swedberg Karl , Zile Michael R. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Sudden death (SD) and pump failure death (PFD) are the two leading causes of death in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Objective
Identifying patients at higher risk for mode-specific death would allow better targeting of individual patients for relevant device and other therapies.

Methods
We developed models in 7156 patients with HFrEF from the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF) trial, using Fine-Gray regressions counting other deaths as competing risks. The derived models were externally validated in the Aliskiren Trial to Minimize Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure (ATMOSPHERE) trial.

Results
NYHA class and NT-proBNP were independent predictors for both modes of death. The SD model additionally included male sex, Asian or Black race, prior CABG or PCI, cancer history, MI history, treatment with LCZ696 vs. enalapril, QRS duration and ECG left ventricular hypertrophy. While LVEF, ischemic etiology, systolic blood pressure, HF duration, ECG bundle branch block, and serum albumin, chloride and creatinine were included in the PFD model. Model discrimination was good for SD and excellent for PFD with Harrell’s C of 0.67 and 0.78 after correction for optimism, respectively. The observed and predicted incidences were similar in each quartile of risk scores at 3 years in each model. The performance of both models remained robust in ATMOSPHERE.

Conclusion
We developed and validated models which separately predict SD and PFD in patients with HFrEF. These models may help clinicians and patients consider therapies targeted at these modes of death.

Trial registration number
PARADIGM-HF: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01035255, ATMOSPHERE: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00853658.

Graphics abstract
The role of the femoral component orientation on dislocations in THA: a systematic review
Authors: van Erp Joost H. J. , Snijders Thom E. , Weinans Harrie , Castelein René M. , Schlösser Tom P. C. , de Gast Arthur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Dislocation remains a major complication in total hip arthroplasty (THA), in which femoral component orientation is considered a key parameter. New imaging modalities and definitions on femoral component orientation have been introduced, describing orientation in different planes. This study aims to systematically review the relevance of the different orientation parameters on implant stability.

Methods
A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles in the PubMed and EMBASE databases that study the relation between any femoral component orientation parameters and implant stability in primary THA.

Results
After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment, nine articles were included. Definitions to describe the femoral component orientation and methodologies to assess its relevance for implant stability differed greatly, with lack of consensus. Seven retrospective case–control studies reported on the relevance of the transversal plane orientation: Low femoral- or low combined femoral and acetabular anteversion was statistical significantly related with more posterior dislocations, and high femoral- or combined femoral and acetabular anteversion with anterior dislocations in two studies. There were insufficient data on sagittal and coronal component orientation in relation to implant stability.

Conclusion
Because of incomparable definitions, limited quality and heterogeneity in methodology of the included studies, there is only weak evidence that the degree of transverse component version is related with implant stability in primary THA. Recommendations about the optimal orientation of the femoral component in all three anatomical planes cannot be provided. Future studies should uniformly define the three-dimensional orientation of the femoral component and systematically describe implant stability.
Implementation of secondary reconstructions of flat-panel volume computed tomography (fpVCT) and otological planning software for anatomically based cochlear implantation
Authors: Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Ilgen Lukas , Schendzielorz Philipp , Voelker Johannes , Taeger Johannes , Kurz Anja , Hagen Rudolf , Neun Tilmann , Rak Kristen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
For further improvements in cochlear implantation, the measurement of the cochlear duct length (CDL) and the determination of the electrode contact position (ECP) are increasingly in the focus of clinical research. Usually, these items were investigated by multislice computed tomography (MSCT). The determination of ECP was only possible by research programs so far. Flat-panel volume computed tomography (fpVCT) and its secondary reconstructions (fpVCTSECO) allow for high spatial resolution for the visualization of the temporal bone structures. Using a newly developed surgical planning software that enables the evaluation of CDL and the determination of postoperative ECP, this study aimed to investigate the combination of fpVCT and otological planning software to improve the implementation of an anatomically based cochlear implantation.

Methods
Cochlear measurements were performed utilizing surgical planning software in imaging data (MSCT, fpVCT and fpVCTSECO) of patients with and without implanted electrodes.

Results
Measurement of the CDL by the use of an otological planning software was highly reliable using fpVCTSECO with a lower variance between the respective measurements compared to MSCT. The determination of the inter-electrode-distance (IED) between the ECP was improved in fpVCTSECO compared to MSCT.

Conclusion
The combination of fpVCTSECO and otological planning software permits a simplified and more reliable analysis of the cochlea in the pre- and postoperative setting. The combination of both systems will enable further progress in the development of an anatomically based cochlear implantation.
Chronobiology of transient global amnesia
Authors: Hoyer Carolin , Higashida Kyoko , Fabbian Fabio , De Giorgi Alfredo , Sandikci Vesile , Ebert Anne , Platten Michael , Okazaki Shuhei , Manfredini Roberto , Szabo Kristina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The etiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) is still a matter of debate. Based, among others, on the observation of a close temporal relation between certain events and subsequent TGA episodes, recent proposals discuss the relevance of stress-associated processes impacting on hippocampal functioning. Circadian, infra- and ultradian rhythmicity has been found to play a relevant role in the multifactorial pathomechanisms of various disorders but has not been thoroughly studied in TGA.

Methods
Data of patients with a final diagnosis of TGA were collected in Mannheim, Germany (06/1999–01/2018, n = 404), and in the Kansai district, Japan (04/2006–03/2018, n = 261). Chronological patterns of TGA occurrence were determined.

Results
Significant circadian rhythmicity of TGA occurrence with bimodal peaks (mid-morning, late afternoon) was found for the entire population (p = 0.002) and for either sub-cohort (Mannheim: p = 0.003, Kansai: p = 0.007). This finding was confirmed for either sex (women: p = 0.004, men: p = 0.004) and different age groups (< 65 years: p = 0.0009, ≥ 65 years: p = 0.003). There was no variation according to day of the week, month or season, but the proportion of patients with a weekday episode was significantly higher in the Mannheim cohort (p = 0.002).

Discussion
We identified a robust circadian rhythm in TGA occurrence which remarkably applied to either of the two study sites located on different continents and which was independent of sex and age. In light of abundant evidence of circadian rhythmicity of both, components of the human stress response system and memory, chronobiological analyses may provide an opportunity to further uncover the mechanisms underlying TGA.
Frequency and phenotype of thalamic aphasia
Authors: Rangus Ida , Fritsch Merve , Endres Matthias , Udke Birgit , Nolte Christian H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Aphasia is a recognized presenting symptom of thalamic lesions. Little is known regarding its frequency and phenotype. We examined the frequency of thalamic aphasia following Isolated Acute unilateral ischemic Lesions in the Thalamus (IALT) with respect to lesion location. Furthermore, we characterized thalamic aphasia according to affected language domains and severity.

Methods
Fifty-two patients with IALT were analyzed [44% female, median age: 73 years (IQR: 60–79)]. Lesion location was determined using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and categorized as anterior, posterior, paramedian or inferolateral. Standardized language assessment was performed using the validated Aphasia checklist (ACL) directly after symptom onset. Aphasia was defined as an ACL sum score of < 135 (range: 0–148).

Results
Of 52 patients, 23 (44%) fulfilled the ACL diagnostic criteria for aphasia, including nearly all lesion locations and both sides. The average ACL sum score was 132 ± 11 (range: 98–147). Aphasia was characterized by deficits within domains of complex understanding of speech and verbal fluency. Patients with left anterior IALT were most severely affected, having significantly lower ACL scores than all other patients (117 ± 13 vs. 135 ± 8; p < 0.001). In particular, aphasia in patients with left anterior IALT was characterized by significantly worse performance in the rating of verbal communication, verbal fluency, and naming (all p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
Aphasia occurs in almost half of patients with focal thalamic lesions. Thalamic aphasia is not confined to one predefined thalamic lesion location, but language deficits are particularly pronounced in patients with left anterior IALT presenting with a distinct pattern.
C-Planarity Testing of Embedded Clustered Graphs with Bounded Dual Carving-Width
Authors: Da Lozzo Giordano , Eppstein David , Goodrich Michael T. , Gupta Siddharth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor a clustered graph, i.e, a graph whose vertex set is recursively partitioned into clusters, the C-Planarity Testing problem asks whether it is possible to find a planar embedding of the graph and a representation of each cluster as a region homeomorphic to a closed disk such that (1) the subgraph induced by each cluster is drawn in the interior of the corresponding disk, (2) each edge intersects any disk at most once, and (3) the nesting between clusters is reflected by the representation, i.e., child clusters are properly contained in their parent cluster. The computational complexity of this problem, whose study has been central to the theory of graph visualization since its introduction in 1995 [Feng, Cohen, and Eades, Planarity for clustered graphs, ESA’95], has only been recently settled [Fulek and Tóth, Atomic Embeddability, Clustered Planarity, and Thickenability, to appear at SODA’20]. Before such a breakthrough, the complexity question was still unsolved even when the graph has a prescribed planar embedding, i.e, for embedded clustered graphs. We show that the C-Planarity Testing problem admits a single-exponential single-parameter FPT (resp., XP) algorithm for embedded flat (resp., non-flat) clustered graphs, when parameterized by the carving-width of the dual graph of the input. These are the first FPT and XP algorithms for this long-standing open problem with respect to a single notable graph-width parameter. Moreover, the polynomial dependency of our FPT algorithm is smaller than the one of the algorithm by Fulek and Tóth. In particular, our algorithm runs in quadratic time for flat instances of bounded treewidth and bounded face size. To further strengthen the relevance of this result, we show that an algorithm with running time O(r(n)) for flat instances whose underlying graph has pathwidth 1 would result in an algorithm with running time O(r(n)) for flat instances and with running time $$O(r(n^2) + n^2)$$

O
(
r

(

n
2

)

+

n
2

)

for general, possibly non-flat, instances.
The impact of EAES Fellowship Programme: a five-year review and evaluation
Authors: Tsai Alice , Soltes Marek , Lesko Dusan , Adamina Michel , Andrejevic Pedrag , Bjelovic Milos , Campbell Kenneth , Coleman Mark , de Manzini Nicoló , Delibegovic Samir , Majewski Wlodzimierz , Malanowska Ewelina , Martinek Lubomir , Sedman Peter , Lázár György , Tsalis Konstantinos , Popa Dorin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) fellowship programme was established in 2014, allowing nine surgeons annually to obtain experience and skills in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) from specialist centres across the Europe and United States. It aligns with the strategic focus of EAES Education and Training Committee on enabling Learning Mobility opportunities. To assess the impact of the programme, a survey was conducted aiming to evaluate the experience and impact of the programme and receive feedback for improvements.

Methods
A survey using a 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate clinical, education and research experience. The impact on acquisition of new technical skills, change in clinical practice and ongoing collaboration with the host institute was assessed. The fellows selected between 2014 and 2018 were included. Ratings were analysed in percentage; thematic analysis was applied to the free-text feedbacks using qualitative analysis.

Results
All the fellows had good access to observing in operating theatres and 70.6% were able to assist. 91.2% participated in educational activities and 23.5% were able to contribute through teaching. 44.1% participated in research activities and 41.2% became an author/co-author of a publication from the host. 97.1% of fellows stated that their operative competency had increased, 94.3% gained new surgical skills and 85.7% was able to introduce new techniques in their hospitals. 74.29% agreed that the clinical experience led to a change in their practices. The most commonly suggested improvements were setting realistic target in clinical and research areas, increasing fellowship duration, and maximising theatre assisting opportunities. Nevertheless, 100% of fellows would recommend the fellowship to their peers.

Conclusion
EAES fellowship programme has shown a positive impact on acquiring and adopting new MIS techniques. To further refine the programme, an individualised approach should be adopted to set achievable learning objectives in clinical skills, education and research.
Differentiating PSP from MSA using MR planimetric measurements: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heim Beatrice , Krismer Florian , Seppi Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes is considered one of the most challenging in neurology. Quantitative MR planimetric measurements were reported to discriminate between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and non-PSP-parkinsonism. Several studies have used midbrain to pons ratio (M/P) and the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index (MRPI) in distinguishing PSP patients from those with Parkinson's disease. The current meta-analysis aimed to compare the performance of these measures in discriminating PSP from multiple system atrophy (MSA). A systematic MEDLINE review identified 59 out of 2984 studies allowing a calculation of sensitivity and specificity using the MRPI or M/P. Meta-analyses of results were carried out using random effects modelling. To assess study quality and risk of bias, the QUADAS-2 tool was used. Eight studies were suitable for analysis. The meta‐analysis showed a pooled sensitivity and specificity for the MRPI of PSP versus MSA of 79.2% (95% CI 72.7–84.4%) and 91.2% (95% CI 79.5–96.5%), and 84.1% (95% CI 77.2–89.2%) and 89.2% (95% CI 81.8–93.8%), respectively, for the M/P. The QUADAS-2 toolbox revealed a high risk of bias regarding the methodological quality of patient selection and index test, as all patients were seen in a specialized outpatient department without avoiding case control design and no predefined threshold was given regarding MRPI or M/P cut-offs. Planimetric brainstem measurements, in special the MRPI and M/P, yield high diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination of PSP from MSA. However, there is an urgent need for well-designed, prospective validation studies to ameliorate the concerns regarding the risk of bias.
The association between treated psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and out-of-home care among Finnish children born in 1997
Authors: Kääriälä Antti , Gyllenberg David , Sund Reijo , Pekkarinen Elina , Keski-Säntti Markus , Ristikari Tiina , Heino Tarja , Sourander Andre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComprehensive overviews of the use of psychiatric services among children and adolescents placed in out-of-home care (OHC) by child welfare authorities are scarce. We examine specialized service use for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders among children and adolescents in a total population involving children in OHC. We used the longitudinal administrative data of a complete Finnish birth cohort 1997 (N = 57,174). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for a range of diagnosed psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders among children in OHC. We also estimated RRs for OHC among those with diagnosed disorders. We used descriptive methods to explore the timing of first entry into OHC relative to the first diagnosis. Among children in OHC, 61.9% were diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder, compared with 18.0% among those never in OHC (RR: 3.7; 95% CI 3.6–3.8). The most common diagnosed disorders among children in OHC were depression and anxiety disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Among all children with any diagnosis, 18.1% experienced OHC, compared with 2.5% among those without a diagnosis (RR: 7.4; 95% CI 6.9–7.9). Of those diagnosed with self-harm and suicidality, ODD/CD, substance-related disorders, and psychotic and bipolar disorders, 43.5–61.2% experienced OHC. Of the children in OHC receiving psychiatric services, half were diagnosed before first placement in OHC. The majority of children with experience in OHC were diagnosed with psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders. They comprised a significant proportion of individuals treated for severe and complex psychiatric disorders and self-harm.