bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Autogenous Cancellous Bone Graft and Bovine-Derived Demineralized Bone Matrix for Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Rattan Vidya , Rai Sachin , Singh Satinder Pal , Mahajan Jai Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Comparison between bovine-derived demineralized bone matrix (DMBM) and iliac crest graft over long term for secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in terms of radiological and clinical outcomes. Design: Prospective, randomized, parallel groups, double-blind, controlled trial. Setting: Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Science Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh. Participants: Twenty patients with UCLP. Interventions: Patients were allocated into group I (Iliac crest bone graft) and group II (DMBM) for SABG. Outcomes were assessed at 2 weeks, 6 months, and then after mean follow-up period of 63 months. Outcomes Measures: Volumetric analysis of the grafted bone in the alveolar cleft site was done through cone beam computed tomography using Cavalieri principle and modified assessment tool. Clinical assessment was performed in terms of pain, swelling, duration of hospital stay, cost of surgery, alar base symmetry, and donor site morbidity associated with iliac crest harvesting. Results: Volumetric analysis through Cavalieri principle revealed comparable bone uptake at follow-up of 6 months between group I (70%) and group II (69%). Modified assessment tool showed no significant difference between horizontal and vertical bone scores over short- and long-term follow-up. In group II, there was higher cost of surgery, but no donor site morbidity unlike group I. Conclusions: Demineralized bone matrix proved analogous to iliac crest bone graft as per volumetric analysis over shorter period. However, although statistically insignificant, net bone volume achieved was lower than the iliac crest graft at longer follow-up.
Preventing drug vial wastage and reducing expenditure associated with injectable cancer drugs: International oncology pharmacy survey
Authors: Gilbar Peter J , Chambers Carole R , Musicco Felice 
Published: June 2021

Purpose Our objective was to determine what vial sharing techniques and other strategies were being used globally to reduce wastage from partially used single-use drug vials, what barriers are preventing these strategies being employed, and what savings are being achieved. Methods A survey, comprising 19 questions, was distributed to the membership of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners and British Oncology Pharmacy Association. Questions asked included how parenteral cancer drugs are obtained and prepared, what vial sharing strategies are used, what means are employed to extend stability, how prepared products are reused and what cost savings are achieved. Results In all, 74 responses were received from 20 countries, most from the United Kingdom. Some manufacturing is done by 60.8% of institution, with 41.9% making all products. Vial sharing strategies, for frequently used drugs, were employed in 53% of cases. Barriers preventing vial sharing being used included government legislation, USP 797 guidelines, and health insurance companies. Extension of stability was possible for 70.2% of centres. Most respondents reported reduction in cytotoxic and biological waste, and alleviation of drug shortages from vial sharing utilisation. Cost savings were achieved in 74% of cases and was significant in one third. Conclusions The survey has determined that drug vial wastage and expenditure can be reduced, and vial sharing facilitates this. International collaboration plus the assistance of governments and the pharmaceutical industry is vital in achieving this aim. These findings can hopefully guide oncology pharmacy in establishing appropriate strategies to reduce wastage internationally.
Stabilizing Technique for Bridging Stent Placement in Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Zander Tobias , García Giovanni , Concepción Yamileth , Parra Felipe , Valdés Michel , Maynar Manuel 
Published: June 2021

Purpose To present a bailout technique for bridging covered stent placement during branched endovascular aortic repair (BEVAR) in complex anatomy. Technique BEVAR is an alternative technique for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Visceral and renal vessels must be preserved by bridging covered stent placement through downward-oriented branches of the main stent graft device. Challenging anatomy such as kinking and elongation of the aorta, or type III aortic arch configuration may impede successful catheterization of these branches due to reduced steerability and pushability of the endovascular material. Different alternative techniques have been described to overcome these anatomic barriers. This technical note adds another endovascular solution to complex cases using the guiding sheath stabilizing technique. It is based on a standard “through-and-through” technique. An attached snare is inserted via femoral approach, providing a stable position for branch catheterization and bridging covered stent deployment. Conclusion The stabilizing technique is safe and easy to perform and provides a stable position of the guiding sheath when antegrade branch catheterization is challenging. This technique is an additional tool for handling challenging cases.
An algorithm using clinical data to predict the optimal individual glucocorticoid dosage to treat multiple sclerosis relapses
Authors: Gili-Kovács Judit , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Bagnoud Maud , Gold Ralf , Chan Andrew , Briner Myriam 
Published: June 2021

Background: Glucocorticoid (GC) pulse therapy is used for multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse treatment; however, GC resistance is a common problem. Considering that GC dosing is individual with several response-influencing factors, establishing a predictive model, which supports clinicians to estimate the maximum GC dose above which no additional therapeutic value can be expected presents a huge clinical need. Method: We established two, independent retrospective cohorts of MS patients. The first was an explorative cohort for model generation, while the second was established for its validation. Using the explorative cohort, a multivariate regression analysis with the GC dose used as the dependent variable and serum vitamin D (25D) concentration, sex, age, EDSS, contrast enhancement on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immune therapy, and the involvement of the optic nerve as independent variables was established. Results: In the explorative cohort, 113 MS patients were included. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) serum concentration and the presence of optic neuritis were independent predictors of the GC dose needed to treat MS relapses [(25D): −25.95 (95% confidence interval (CI)): −47.40 to −4.49; p = 0.018; optic neuritis: 2040.51 (95% CI: 584.64–3496.36), p = 0.006]. Validation of the multivariate linear regression model was performed within a second cohort. Here, the predicted GC dose did not differ significantly from the dose administered in clinical routine (mean difference: −843.54; 95% CI: −2078.08–391.00; n = 30, p = 0.173). Conclusion: Our model could predict the GC dose given in clinical, routine MS relapse care, above which clinicians estimate no further benefit. Further studies should validate and improve our algorithm to help the implementation of predictive models in GC dosing.
Outcomes and complications of distal humeral hemiarthroplasty for distal humeral fractures – A systematic review
Authors: Wilfred Ann M , Akhter Shakib , Horner Nolan S , Aljedani Ahmed , Khan Moin , Alolabi Bashar 
Published: June 2021

Background Distal humeral hemiarthroplasty has been performed for a variety of indications with the most common being management of distal humeral fractures. This systematic review evaluates the outcomes and complications of distal humeral hemiarthroplasty for this pathology. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for studies reporting indications and outcomes of patients undergoing distal humeral hemiarthroplasty. Study screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were performed. Summery statistics were provided. Results We included 11 studies ( N = 163) in this review. In all studies, the indication for distal humeral hemiarthroplasty was the presence of an intraarticular, comminuted, unreconstructable fracture. The mean post-operative MEPS, FullDASH, and QuickDASH (SD) scores were 83.6 (6.1) points, 25.4 (10.3), and 15.7 (7.4) points, respectively. The mean post-operative range of motion (SD) was 106° (11°) in the flexion and extension arc and 153° (19°) in the protonation and supination arc. The overall rate of adverse events and complication was 63%. The rate for major complications was 11%. The mean total revision rate was 4% (0% to 15) and total re-operation rate was 29% (0% to 88%). Conclusion Distal humeral hemiarthroplasty is a suitable option for unreconstructable distal humeral fractures and offers good functional outcomes with acceptable complication rates.
External validity of clinical trials with diverse trastuzumab-based chemotherapy regimens in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: data from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry
Authors: Jimenez-Fonseca Paula , Carmona-Bayonas Alberto , Martinez-Torron Alba , Alsina Maria , Custodio Ana , Serra Olbia , Cacho Lavin Diego , Limón María Luisa , Sauri Tamara , López Flora , Visa Laura , Granja Mónica , Martínez Lago Nieves , Arrazubi Virginia , Vidal Tocino Rosario , Hernandez Raquel , Aguado Gema , Cano Juana María , Martín Carnicero Alfonso , Mangas Monserrat , Pimentel Paola , Fernández Montes Ana , Macias Declara Ismael , Longo Federico , Ramchandani Avinash , Martín Richard Marta , Hurtado Alicia , Azkarate Aitor , Hernández Pérez Carolina , Serrano Raquel , Gallego Javier ,   on behalf of the AGAMENON-SEOM study group
Published: June 2021

Background: Trastuzumab combined with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidines, either capecitabine or 5-fluorouracile (XP/FP), is the standard first-line treatment for advanced, HER2-positive, gastric cancer patients based on the ToGA trial. Despite the lack of phase III trials, many clinicians administer trastuzumab with alternative regimens. One meta-analysis suggests that substituting cisplatin for oxaliplatin might lead to greater efficacy and less toxicity. Methods: 594 patients with HER2-positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma were recruited from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry. The objective was to evaluate the external validity of clinical trials with chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Results: The regimens used in at least 5% of the patients were XP (27%), oxaliplatin and capecitabine (CAPOX) (26%), oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) (14%), FP (14%), triplet with anthracycline/docetaxel (7%), and carboplatin-FU (5%). Median exposure to trastuzumab was longer with FOLFOX (11.4 months, 95% CI, 9.1–21.0) versus ToGA regimens (7.5, 6.4–8.5), p < 0.001. Patients with HER2-IHC 3+ cancers had higher response rates than those with IHC 2+/FISH+, odds-ratio 1.97 (95% CI, 1.25–3.09). The results achieved with CAPOX–trastuzumab were comparable to those attained with ToGA regimens. FOLFOX–trastuzumab was superior to ToGA schemes in terms of overall survival (OS), with a greater magnitude of effect in IHC 2+/FISH+ tumors (HR 0.47, 0.24–0.92) compared with IHC 3+ (HR 0.69, 0.49–0.96), and in diffuse (HR 0.37, 0.20–0.69) versus intestinal-type tumors (HR 0.76, 0.54–1.06). Conclusion: We have updated the external validity of clinical trials with trastuzumab in first-line treatment of gastric cancer. Our data confirm the comparable outcomes of ToGA regimens and CAPOX–trastuzumab in clinical practice and point toward a possible benefit of FOLFOX–trastuzumab, contingent on the subtypes typically less sensitive to trastuzumab, to be confirmed in clinical trials.
Association of Wilms tumor in multicystic dysplastic kidneys: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Andreas Darian , Glick Richard D , Fish Jonathan D , Fein Levy Carolyn , Gitlin Jordan S 
Published: June 2021

Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a rare urinary anomaly characterized by multiple non-communicating cysts resulting in a non-functional kidney. In addition to association with hypertension and contralateral renal anomalies, children with multicystic dysplastic kidney have an increased risk of Wilms tumor. Cohort studies and systematic reviews are hampered in estimating the true risk of this association due to the rarity and infrequent reporting of the condition. We present a case of a 2-year-old male child with an antenatal diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney undergoing surveillance ultrasonography who presented with a symptomatic Wilms tumor. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Comparing tolerability of local anaesthetic transperineal and transrectal prostate biopsies
Authors: Starmer Benjamin , Iordan Nic , McCabe John 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Local anaesthetic transperineal prostate biopsies have been demonstrated as tolerable. However, to date, the tolerability has not been directly compared to the standard of care for transrectal biopsy. We set out to prospectively compare the tolerability of local anaesthetic transperineal and transrectal prostate biopsies. Patients and methods: All patients between 3 April 2019 to 6 December 2019 undergoing local anaesthetic transperineal / transrectal ultrasound biopsy were prospectively asked to complete a questionnaire using visual analogue scales assessing the tolerability of their biopsy. Results: 108 patients were included. Baseline characteristics (mean): age 66.4 years, prostate-specific antigen 13.7 ng/dl, prostate volume 48 ml. Of the patients 51% had ⩾ Gleason 3+4 prostate cancer. 56 patients had transperineal and 52 patients had transrectal biopsy. Median visual analogue scale scores (0–9: transperineal vs transrectal) for probe insertion, probe presence, local anaesthetic injection and taking biopsy were 3 vs 4 ( p=0.66), 3 vs 3 ( p=0.91), 3 vs 2 ( p=0.15) and 3 vs 3 ( p=0.18), respectively. Median visual analogue scale scores (0–3) for overall pain, embarrassment and how they would describe it to a friend were 1 vs 1 ( p=0.17), 0 vs 0 ( p=0.34) and 1 vs 1 ( p=0.2), respectively (transperineal vs transrectal ultrasound). 42 of the 56 patients in the transperineal group had prior transrectal biopsy. 24/42 patients described local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy as the same or better than transrectal; 15/42 described it as a little worse. Conclusion: Tolerability of local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy is comparable to transrectal biopsy. As such, we advocate the routine use of transperineal biopsy and to phase out the transrectal approach where possible. Level of evidence: 2b
The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in the Netherlands
Authors: Schildkraut Jodie Anne , Zweijpfenning Sanne Maria Henriëtte , Nap Martijn , He Kun , Dacheva Elena , Overbeek Jetty , Tostmann Alma , Wertheim Heiman F.L. , Hoefsloot Wouter , van Ingen Jakko 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans. Because NTM pulmonary disease (PD) is not a notifiable disease in Europe, the epidemiology of NTM-PD is not well known. However, the prevalence of NTM-PD is thought to be increasing, particularly in countries where tuberculosis rates have decreased. Here we aim to determine the prevalence of NTM-PD in the Netherlands.MethodsAnnual prevalence estimates of NTM-PD in the Netherlands (2012–2019) were derived from four separate databases, including two drug dispensing databases, an ICD-10 code database and a hospitalisation database. Databases covered a fraction of the Dutch population and were extrapolated. In addition, annual NTM-PD prevalence was also estimated by means of a pulmonologist survey.ResultsThe estimated annual prevalence of NTM-PD using databases is between 2.3 and 5.9 patients per 100 000 inhabitants. Prevalence estimates derived from the drug dispensing databases, the hospitalisation database and the claims database were 2.3, 5.9, 3.5 and 4.5 per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. The annual prevalence estimated in the pulmonologist survey was between 6.2 and 9.9 per 100 000 inhabitants. The annual prevalence remained stable over the included period.ConclusionThe estimated annual prevalence of NTM-PD using databases was between 2.3 and 5.9 patients per 100 000 inhabitants. Due to the possible presence of tuberculosis patients and low coverage in one dispensing database, we believe an annual prevalence of between 2.3 and 4.5 patients per 100 000 inhabitants is more probable, which still renders NTM-PD a serious health threat. This estimate is lower than the estimate from the pulmonologist survey, indicating physicians likely overestimate prevalence.
Challenging the obesity paradox: extreme obesity and COPD mortality in the SUMMIT trial
Authors: Brigham Emily P. , Anderson Julie A. , Brook Robert D. , Calverley Peter M.A. , Celli Bartolome R. , Cowans Nicholas J. , Crim Courtney , Diserens James E. , Martinez Fernando J. , McCormack Meredith C. , Newby David E. , Yates Julie , Vestbo Jorgen , Wu Tianshi David , Wise Robert A. 
Published: June 2021

Populations with COPD demonstrate higher survival in overweight and obese compared with normal weight; the “obesity paradox”. Relationships in less-severe COPD are unclear, as is the impact of cardiovascular risk, and few studies include individuals at extremes of obesity. We examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI; defined as underweight: <20 kg·m−2, normal: 20–25 kg·m−2, overweight: 25– <30 kg·m−2, obese class I: 30– <35 kg·m−2, class II: 35– <40 kg·m−2and class III: ≥40 kg·m−2), morbidity, and mortality in the SUMMIT trial population (n=16 485), characterised by moderate COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk with a substantial proportion with class III obesity. The association between BMI category and time to event was modelledviaproportional hazards (reference normal weight) adjusted for demographics and cardiorespiratory disease. Consistent with the paradox, underweight individuals demonstrated higher mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.31 (95% CI 1.04–1.64)), with lower mortality among overweight (HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.52–0.73)) and obese class I (HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.62–0.90)). However, mortality increased in obese class III (HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.00–1.86)). Death was primarily attributable to cardiovascular causes. Within a large, multinational cohort with moderate COPD and increased cardiovascular risk, the phenomenon of reduced mortality with obesity did not persist at BMI >40 kg·m−2, suggesting that obesity may not remain protective at the extremes in this population.
Assesment of the potential of cargo bikes and electrification for last-mile parcel delivery by means of simulation of urban freight flows
Authors: Llorca Carlos , Moeckel Rolf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The paper presents a simulation model for freight. In the paper, this model is applied to understand the impacts of electric vans and cargo bikes for the last-mile delivery of parcels. Cargo bikes are electrically assisted vehicles that distribute parcels from micro depots located close to the final customers by means of short tours. The parcels are sent from the major distribution center to micro depots in vans (called feeders).

Materials and methods
An agent-based model is used for the purpose of the paper. The model is based on the disaggregation of commodity flows to represent trucks (for all commodities) and individual shipments (for parcel deliveries). The model represents microscopically every freight vehicle in the study area.

Results
The simulation of various scenarios with different shares of cargo bikes and electric vans assesses the impacts of electrification and cargo bikes. The use of cargo bikes to deliver parcels allows to reduce the number of motorized vehicles, although the presence of large parcels requires that at least half of deliveries by vans are still required. The shift to cargo bikes represents a slight increase in the total operating time to deliver the parcel demand. With low shares of cargo bikes, the total distance traveled increases, since the reduction of van tours cannot compensate the additional feeder trips from distribution centers to micro depots. The cargo bikes also do not reduce the number of vehicles for the served area, but modify the composition of vehicle types. Low noise, smaller, low emission vehicles increase, while delivery vans are reduced.

Conclusion
Both cargo bikes and electric vans are able to reduce CO2 emissions, even after accounting for the emissions related to electricity production.
Determining service provider and transport system related effects of ridesourcing services by simulation within the travel demand model mobiTopp
Authors: Wilkes Gabriel , Briem Lars , Heilig Michael , Hilgert Tim , Kagerbauer Martin , Vortisch Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Ridesourcing services have become popular recently and play a crucial role in Mobility as a Service (MaaS) offers. With their increasing importance, the need arises to integrate them into travel demand models to investigate transport system-related effects. As strong interdependencies between different people’s choices exist, microscopic and agent-based model approaches are especially suitable for their simulation.

Method
This paper presents the integration of shared and non-shared ridesourcing services (i.e., ride-hailing and ride-pooling) into the agent-based travel demand model mobiTopp. We include a simple vehicle allocation and fleet control component and extend the mode choice by the ridesourcing service. Thus, ridesourcing is integrated into the decision-making processes on an agent’s level, based on the system’s specific current performance, considering current waiting times and detours, among other data.

Results and Discussion
In this paper, we analyze the results concerning provider-related figures such as the number of bookings, trip times, and occupation rates, as well as effects on other travel modes. We performed simulation runs in an exemplary scenario with several variations with up to 1600 vehicles for the city of Stuttgart, Germany. This extension for mobiTopp provides insights into interdependencies between ridesourcing services and other travel modes and may help design and regulate ridesourcing services.