bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Drug Wastage in the Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units of a Regional Health Service
Authors: Barbariol Federico , Deana Cristian , Lucchese Francesca , Cataldi Giuseppe , Bassi Flavio , Bove Tiziana , Vetrugno Luigi , De Monte Amato 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Pharmacological treatments for critical processes in patients need to be initiated as rapidly as possible; for this reason, it is a standard of care to prepare the main anesthesia and emergency drugs in advance. As a result, 20%–50% of the prepared drugs remain unused and are then discarded. Decreasing waste by optimizing drug use is an attractive strategy for meeting both cost containment and environmental sustainability. The primary end point of this study was to measure the actual amount of drug wastage in the operating rooms (ORs) and intensive care units (ICUs) of a Regional Health Service (RHS). The secondary end point was to analyze and estimate the economic implications of this waste for the Health Service and to suggest possible measures to reduce it.

METHODS:
This prospective observational multicenter study was conducted across 12 hospitals, all of which belong to the same RHS in the north-east of Italy. Data collection took place in March 2018 and included patients admitted to ICUs, emergency areas, and ORs of the participating hospitals. Data concerning drug preparation and administration were collected for all consecutive patients, independent of case types and of whether operations were scheduled or unscheduled. Drug wastage was defined as follows: drugs prepared in ready-to-use syringes but not administered at all and discarded untouched. We then estimated the costs of wasted drugs for a 1-year period using the data from this study and the yearly regional pharmacy orders of drugs provided to the ORs and ICUs. We also performed a sensitivity analysis to validate the robustness of our assumptions and qualitative conclusions.

RESULTS:
We collected data for a total of 13,078 prepared drug syringes. Drug wastage varied from 7.8% (Urapidil, an alpha-1 antagonist antihypertensive) to 85.7% (epinephrine) of prepared syringes, with an overall mean wastage rate of 38%. The estimated yearly waste was 139,531 syringes, for a total estimated financial cost of €78,060 ($92,569), and an additional quantity of medical waste amounting to 4968 kg per year. The total provider time dedicated to the preparation of unused drugs was predicted to be 1512 working hours per year.

CONCLUSIONS:
The overall extent of drug wastage in ORs and ICUs is concerning. Interventions aimed at minimizing waste-related costs and improving the environmental sustainability of our practice are paramount. Effort should be put into designing a more efficient workflow that reduces this waste while providing for the emergency availability of these medications in the OR and ICU.
MFN2 interacts with nuage-associated proteins and is essential for male germ cell development by controlling mRNA fate during spermatogenesis
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Wen Yujiao , Zhang Jin , Swanson Grace , Guo Shuangshuang , Cao Congcong , Krawetz Stephen A. , Zhang Zhibing , Yuan Shuiqiao 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria play a crucial role in spermatogenesis and are regulated by several mitochondrial fusion proteins. However, their functional importance associated with their structure formation and mRNA fate regulation during spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a mitochondrial fusion protein, interacts with nuage-associated proteins (including MIWI, DDX4, TDRKH and GASZ) in mice. Conditional mutation of Mfn2 in postnatal germ cells results in male sterility due to germ cell developmental defects. Moreover, MFN2 interacts with MFN1, another mitochondrial fusion protein with a high-sequence similarity to MFN2, in testes to facilitate spermatogenesis. Simultaneous mutation of Mfn1 and Mfn2 in testes causes very severe infertile phenotypes. Importantly, we show that MFN2 is enriched in polysome fractions of testes and interacts with MSY2, a germ cell-specific DNA/RNA-binding protein, to control gamete-specific mRNA (such as Spata19) translational activity during spermatogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MFN2 interacts with nuage-associated proteins and MSY2 to regulate male germ cell development by controlling several gamete-specific mRNA fates.
Selective axonal translation of the mRNA isoform encoding prenylated Cdc42 supports axon growth
Authors: Lee Seung Joon , Zdradzinski Matthew D. , Sahoo Pabitra K. , Kar Amar N. , Patel Priyanka , Kawaguchi Riki , Aguilar Byron J. , Lantz Kelsey D. , McCain Caylee R. , Coppola Giovanni , Lu Qun , Twiss Jeffery L. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The small Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 has long been known to have a role in cell motility and axon growth. The eukaryotic Ccd42 gene is alternatively spliced to generate mRNAs with two different 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) that encode proteins with distinct C-termini. The C-termini of these Cdc42 proteins include CaaX and CCaX motifs for post-translational prenylation and palmitoylation, respectively. Palmitoyl-Cdc42 protein was previously shown to contribute to dendrite maturation, while the prenyl-Cdc42 protein contributes to axon specification and its mRNA was detected in neurites. Here, we show that the mRNA encoding prenyl-Cdc42 isoform preferentially localizes into PNS axons and this localization selectively increases in vivo during peripheral nervous system (PNS) axon regeneration. Functional studies indicate that prenyl-Cdc42 increases axon length in a manner that requires axonal targeting of its mRNA, which, in turn, needs an intact C-terminal CaaX motif that can drive prenylation of the encoded protein. In contrast, palmitoyl-Cdc42 has no effect on axon growth but selectively increases dendrite length. Together, these data show that alternative splicing of the Cdc42 gene product generates an axon growth promoting, locally synthesized prenyl-Cdc42 protein.
This article has an associated First Person interview with one of the co-first authors of the paper.
Jaw kinematics and tongue protraction–retraction during chewing and drinking in the pig
Authors: Olson Rachel A. , Montuelle Stéphane J. , Chadwell Brad A. , Curtis Hannah , Williams Susan H. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Mastication and drinking are rhythmic and cyclic oral behaviors that require interactions between the tongue, jaw and a food or liquid bolus, respectively. During mastication, the tongue transports and positions the bolus for breakdown between the teeth. During drinking, the tongue aids in ingestion and then transports the bolus to the oropharynx. The objective of this study was to compare jaw and tongue kinematics during chewing and drinking in pigs. We hypothesized there would be differences in jaw gape cycle dynamics and tongue protraction–retraction between behaviors. Mastication cycles had an extended slow-close phase, reflecting tooth–food–tooth contact, whereas drinking cycles had an extended slow-open phase, corresponding to tongue protrusion into the liquid. Compared with chewing, drinking jaw movements were of lower magnitude for all degrees of freedom examined (jaw protraction, yaw and pitch), and were bilaterally symmetrical with virtually no yaw. The magnitude of tongue protraction–retraction (Txt), relative to a mandibular coordinate system, was greater during mastication than during drinking, but there were minimal differences in the timing of maximum and minimum Txt relative to the jaw gape cycle between behaviors. However, during drinking, the tongue tip is often located outside the oral cavity for the entire cycle, leading to differences between behaviors in the timing of anterior marker maximum Txt. This demonstrates that there is variation in tongue–jaw coordination between behaviors. These results show that jaw and tongue movements vary significantly between mastication and drinking, which hints at differences in the central control of these behaviors.
In vitro inhibitory effects of commercial antiseptics and disinfectants on foodborne and environmental bacterial strains
Authors: Isawumi Abiola , Donkor Jacob K. , Mosi Lydia 
Published: March 2021

Background: Antibacterial agents, including disinfectants and antiseptics are commonly used to reduce bacterial loads. As they have a broad-spectrum of activity against bacteria, function either as bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents. While bacterial antimicrobial resistance is increasing, disinfectants and antiseptics are still relevant antibacterial agents. Methods: This study investigated the in vitro inhibitory effects of commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants. Using standard disc diffusion methods, selected common household antibacterial agents were tested on resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital environment and foodborne Escherichia coli and Bacillus species. Results: The study showed that the selected antibacterial agents were effective against the antibiotic resistant bacteria with appreciable zone of inhibition relative to the standard controls used. Conclusions: Though bacteria are consistently developing resistance to available antibiotics, disinfectants still inhibit bacterial growth and survival with considerable public health importance.
Intrinsic amplitude-noise suppression in fiber lasers mode-locked with nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors
Authors: Edelmann Marvin , Hua Yi , Şafak Kemal , Kärtner Franz X. 
Published: March 2021

In this Letter, we investigate steady states of fiber lasers mode-locked with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror that have an inherent amplitude-noise-suppression mechanism. Due to the interaction of the sinusoidal transmission function with the fluctuating intracavity pulse amplitude, we show that under specific preconditions, this mechanism may lead to a detectable difference in relative intensity noise at the reflected and transmitted output port of the laser. We present systematic intensity noise measurements with a nonlinear fiber-based system that replicates a single roundtrip in the laser cavity. The experimental results and simulations clearly show a reduction of the intracavity amplitude fluctuations up to 4 dB for certain steady states.
Comparison of porcine corneal decellularization methods and importance of preserving corneal limbus through decellularization
Authors: Isidan Abdulkadir , Liu Shaohui , Chen Angela M. , Zhang Wenjun , Li Ping , Smith Lester J. , Hara Hidetaka , Cooper David K. C. , Ekser Burcin 
Published: March 2021

Background
The aim of this study is to compare the three previously applied, conventional porcine corneal decellularization methods and to demonstrate the importance of preserving the corneal limbus through decellularization.

Methods
Fresh, wild-type (with or without) limbus porcine corneas were decellularized using three different methods, including (i) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), (ii) hypertonic saline (HS), and (iii) N2 gas (NG). Post-treatment evaluation was carried out using histological, residual nuclear material, and ultrastructural analyses. Glycerol was used to help reduce the adverse effects of decellularization. The corneas were preserved for two weeks in cornea storage medium.

Results
All three decellularization methods reduced the number of keratocytes at different rates in the stromal tissue. However, all methods, except SDS, resulted in the retention of large numbers of cells and cell fragments. The SDS method (0.1% SDS, 48h) resulted in almost 100% decellularization in corneas without limbus. Low decellularization capacity of the NG method (<50%) could make it unfavorable. Although HS method had a more balanced damage-decellularization ratio, its decellularization capacity was lower than SDS method. Preservation of the corneoscleral limbus could partially prevent structural damage and edema, but it would reduce the decellularization capacity.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that SDS is a very powerful decellularization method, but it damages the cornea irreversibly. Preserving the corneoscleral limbus reduces the efficiency of decellularization, but also reduces the damage.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of hydroxychloroquine, its two metabolites, and azithromycin in EDTA-treated human plasma
Authors: Sok Vong , Marzan Florence , Gingrich David , Aweeka Francesca , Huang Liusheng 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM) are antimalarial drugs recently reported to be active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the global COVID-19 pandemic. In an emergency response to the pandemic, we aimed to develop a quantitation method for HCQ, its metabolites desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) and bisdesethylchloroquine (BDCQ), and AZM in human plasma.MethodsLiquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop the method. Samples (20 μL) are extracted by solid-phase extraction and injected onto the LC-MS/MS system equipped with a PFP column (2.0 × 50 mm, 3 μm). ESI+and MRM are used for detection. Ion pairsm/z336.1→247.1 for HCQ, 308.1→179.1 for DHCQ, 264.1→179.1 for BDCQ, and 749.6→591.6 for AZM are selected for quantification. The ion pairsm/z342.1→253.1, 314.1→181.1, 270.1→181.1, and 754.6→596.6 are selected for the corresponding deuterated internal standards (IS) HCQ-d4, DHCQ-d4, BDCQ-d4, and AZM-d5.The less abundant IS ions from37Cl were used to overcome the interference from the analytes.ResultsUnder optimized conditions, retention times are 0.78 min for BDCQ, 0.79 min for DHCQ, 0.92 min for HCQ and 1.87 min for AZM. Total run time is 3.5 min per sample. The calibration ranges are 2–1000 ng/mL for HCQ and AZM, 1–500 ng/mL for DHCQ and 0.5–250 ng/mL for BDCQ; samples above the range are validated for up to 10-fold dilution. Recoveries of the method ranged from 88.9–94.4% for HCQ, 88.6–92.9% for DHCQ, 88.7–90.9% for BDCQ, and 98.6%-102% for AZM. The IS normalized matrix effect were within (100±10) % for all 4 analytes. Blood samples are stable for at least 6 hr at room temperature. Plasma samples are stable for at least 66 hr at room temperature, 38 days at -70°C, and 4 freeze-thaw cycles.ConclusionsAn LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of HCQ, DHCQ, BDCQ, and AZM in human plasma was developed and validated for clinical studies requiring fast turnaround time and small samples volume.
The effects of MDR/RR-TB treatment on HIV disease: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Geiger Keri , Stamper Paul D. , Farley Jason E. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection are a deadly combination. While evidence on the effects of HIV co-infection on MDR/RR-TB treatment outcomes is well-documented, little published evidence describes the effects of MDR/RR-TB treatment on HIV disease.

Methods
We conducted a review of literature published prior to June 2020. We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, and EMBASE using variations of the terms “multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,” “HIV,” and either “CD4” or “viral load.” Two reviewers independently completed title and abstract screening, full-text screening, article evaluation, and data extraction. We also included five published articles evaluated as evidence by the World Health Organization (WHO) in preparation for the 2019 MDR/RR-TB treatment guideline update.

Results
A total of 459 references were returned, with 362 remaining after duplicate removal. Following article screening, six manuscripts were included. Articles reported CD4 count and/or viral load results for MDR/RR-TB and HIV co-infected patients during and/or after MDR/RR-TB treatment. The additional five references identified from the WHO guideline revision did not report HIV disease indicators after MDR/RR-TB initiation.

Conclusion
There is a paucity of evidence on HIV disease indicators following MDR/RR-TB treatment. Researchers should report longitudinal HIV disease indicators in co-infected patients in publications.
Relationships between depression and anxiety symptoms and adipocyte-derived proteins in postmenopausal women
Authors: Wu Yu-Ting , Huang Wan-Yu , Kor Chew-Teng , Liu Ko-Hung , Chen Ting-Yu , Lin Po-Te , Wu Hung-Ming 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionStudies on the association between adiponectin and leptin and anxiety and depression among postmenopausal women are limited. Therefore, the present study specifically evaluates the mutual relationships between adiponectin and leptin and anxiety and depression in postmenopausal women.Participants and designIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 190 women aged 40–65 years were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Fasting specimens were collected to measure sex hormone, glucose, insulin, and adipokine levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between depression and anxiety and adipocyte-derived hormones.SettingsThe study was performed in a hospital medical center.ResultsAmong 190 enrolled postmenopausal women, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between CES-D and HAM-A (r = 0.715,P< 0.0001), between CES-D and adiponectin (p= 0.009) and leptin (p= 0.015), and between HAM-A and adiponectin (p= 0.01) and leptin (p= 0.001). The subjects with CES-D ≥ 16 and with HAM-A ≥ 18 had higher adiponectin levels than those with CES-D < 16 and HAM-A < 18, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index, exercise, alanine amino transferase and parameters of lipid profiles, Log adiponectin levels were found to be significantly associated with both CES-D and HAM-A, and Log leptin levels were only significantly associated with HAM-A.ConclusionsThe data show that adiponectin and leptin levels are significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. These results suggest that higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels may serve as potential markers related to anxiety and mood in postmenopausal women. More future research that is designed to deal with the important confounders (e.g., population heterogeneity) is needed to investigate comprehensively on these associations.
ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM MEDIADOS PELA TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Valente Vânia C. P. N. , Barros Victor F. A. 
Published: March 2021

Este número da revista â€œBrazilian Journal of Education, Technology and Society (BRAJETS)â€ discute o contexto atual da necessidade de uma educação mediada pela tecnologia. Em tempos de excepcionalidade em que a humanidade se encontra devido ao isolamento social causado pela disseminação da Covid-19, é muito pertinente aprofundar o tema â€œensino e aprendizagem mediados pela tecnologiaâ€. Antes apenas as reflexões eram apropriadas, agora, mais do que nunca, sua aplicação é imprescindÃ­vel, pois, sem o meio da tecnologia, não há como dar continuidade Ã s práticas acadêmicas. Desse modo, trazemos algumas contribuições cientÃ­ficas sobre o tema, de grande relevância na atualidade, por meio de um conjunto de 12 artigos em sua maioria relacionados Ã s diferentes esferas da educação e do ensino mediados pela tecnologia, envolvendo tanto discussões teóricas quanto pesquisas exploratórias. Convidamos a todos a fazerem uma boa leitura deste número, e que ela possa contribuir com inspirações e ideias para a redação e execução; seja de pesquisas ou trabalhos futuros.
Both Default and Multiple-Demand Regions Represent Semantic Goal Information
Authors: Wang Xiuyi , Gao Zhiyao , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

We used a semantic feature-matching task combined with multivoxel pattern decoding to test contrasting accounts of the role of the default mode network (DMN) in cognitive flexibility. By one view, DMN and multiple-demand cortex have opposing roles in cognition, with DMN and multiple-demand regions within the dorsal attention network (DAN) supporting internal and external cognition, respectively. Consequently, while multiple-demand regions can decode current goal information, semantically relevant DMN regions might decode conceptual similarity regardless of task demands. Alternatively, DMN regions, like multiple-demand cortex, might show sensitivity to changing task demands, since both networks dynamically alter their patterns of connectivity depending on the context. Our task required human participants (any sex) to integrate conceptual knowledge with changing task goals, such that successive decisions were based on different features of the items (color, shape, and size). This allowed us to simultaneously decode semantic category and current goal information using whole-brain searchlight decoding. As expected, multiple-demand cortex, including DAN and frontoparietal control network, represented information about currently relevant conceptual features. Similar decoding results were found in DMN, including in angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex, indicating that DMN and multiple-demand regions can support the same function rather than being strictly competitive. Semantic category could be decoded in lateral occipital cortex independently of task demands, but not in most regions of DMN. Conceptual information related to the current goal dominates the multivariate response within DMN, which supports flexible retrieval by modulating its response to suit the task demands, alongside regions of multiple-demand cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe tested contrasting accounts of default mode network (DMN) function using multivoxel pattern analysis. By one view, semantically relevant parts of DMN represent conceptual similarity, regardless of task context. By an alternative view, DMN tracks changing task demands. Our semantic feature-matching task required participants to integrate conceptual knowledge with task goals, such that successive decisions were based on different features of the items. We demonstrate that DMN regions can decode the current goal, as it is applied, alongside multiple-demand regions traditionally associated with cognitive control, speaking to how DMN supports flexible cognition.
Sampul Depan
Authors: Nurhayati Ai 
Published: March 2021

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan ke Hadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat Rahmat dan Hidayah-Nya kami dapat menerbitkan jurnal di bidang pendidikan, gizi, dan kuliner Tata Boga. Jurnal ini disusun sebagai wujud usaha program studi pendidikan tata boga untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah mahasiswa maupun dosen di bidang pendidikan, gizi, dan kuliner Tata Boga secara online. Usaha ini dilakukan berdasarkan pada surat edaran dari Dirjen DIKTI No. 2050/E/T/2011 tentang kebijakan unggah karya ilmiah dan jurnal. Kebijakan tersebut kemudian direalisasikan oleh UPI melalui kebijakan dalam bentuk program pengembangan jurnal setiap departemen dan program studi di lingkungan UPI.Jurnal ini diberi nama Media Pendidikan, Gizi, dan Kuliner. Jurnal ini akan terbit secara berkala dua kali dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan November dan April. Pada bulan November 2019 ini merupakan jurnal terbitan volume kedelapan dan nomor dua.Kami mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu terbitnya jurnal ini. Selain itu, kami pun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada para kontributor yang telah mengirimkan naskah artikel hasil penelitiannya. Semoga jurnal ini dapat terus terbit secara berkala dan memberikan sumbangan pada dunia keilmuan dan perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia.