bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Typology of Translations of R. M. Rilke's Poetry into English
Authors: Вороневская Н.В. 
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются разновременные переводы XXI сонета первой части «Сонетов к Орфею» Р. М. Рильке, выполненные британскими и американскими переводчиками. Изучение типологии поэтического перевода на примере лирического цикла Рильке основывается на классификации поэтического перевода, разработанной Р. Р. Чайковским. Проанализированные в статье переводы XXI сонета первой части в интерпретациях американских переводчиков Р. Блая и Л. Норриса (в соавторстве с А. Килом) представлены прозаическим и адекватным переводами соответственно. Британский поэт и переводчик Д. Патерсон использует сонеты Рильке как основу для создания поэтической версии оригинала, навеянной мотивами переводимого произведения. Сравнение трех переводов XXI сонета позволяет сделать выбор в пользу адекватного перевода Л. Норриса и А. Кила, в котором воссозданы не только образы оригинала, но и его уникальная поэтическая форма. В прозаической интерпретации сонета Р. Блая не учтены ни жанровые характеристики сонета, ни индивидуально-авторский стиль Рильке.
The article deals with the different-time translations of the XXI sonnet of the first part of “Sonnets to Orpheus” by R. M. Rilke made by British and American translators. The study of the typology of poetic translation with examples drawn fromRilke’s lyric cycle is based on the classification of poetic translation developed by R. R. Tchaikovsky. The analyzed translations of the XXI sonnet of the first part in the interpretations of the American translators R. Bly and L. Norris (co-authored with A. Keel) are presented by prosaic and adequate translations, respectively. Inspired by Rilke’s original, the British poet and translator
D. Paterson uses Rilke’s sonnets as a basis for creating his poetic version (i. e. interpretation based on the original) of the German sonnets. Comparing three English translations of the XXI sonnet allows us to make
a choice in favor of the adequate translation made by L. Norris and A. Keel, in which not only the images of the original but also its unique poetic form are thoroughly recreated. In the prosaic interpretation of R. Bly’s sonnet, neither the genre characteristics of the original sonnet nor Rilke’s individual style are taken into account.
Анализ ошибок в употреблении модального наречия “反正”(fǎnzhèng) студентами-иностранцами (на английском языке)
Authors: Haiayn L. 
Published: March 2021

"反正" is a Chinese modal adverb with high frequency and complex usage, which is a difficult point for Chinese learners to acquire. In this paper, we take the Chinese HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus and Jinan University Interlanguage Corpus as the research object, investigate the application of "反正" in the teaching of Chinese as a second language, analyze the types and causes of learners' errors, and put forward suggestions on the compilation and instructional design of teaching materials involving modal adverb "反正".
Лексическая единица “反正”  fǎnzhèng — это высокочастотное модальное наречие, сложное по особенностям употребления и представляющее значительную трудность для изучающих китайский язык как иностранный. В статье в качестве объекта исследования анализируются данные Китайского динамического лексического корпуса сочинений HSK, а также Межъязыкового лексического корпуса Цзинаньского университета. Автор исследует особенности использования наречия “反正”  fǎnzhèng в письменной речи иностранцев, изучающих китайский язык, анализирует типы и причины ошибок

в употреблении этой лексической единицы и предлагает способы составления и организации учебных материалов, связанных с обучением употреблению этого частотного модального наречия.
Les intellectuels pacifistes allemands et la « suggestion de la guerre »
Authors: Alexandre Philippe 
Published: March 2021

L’analyse des causes de la guerre et la recherche des moyens d’y remédier sont deux aspects importants de la réflexion éthique et de l’action des pacifistes. Cette étude se propose d’étudier le cas de l’Allemagne dans les années qui ont précédé la Première Guerre mondiale. Parmi les intellectuels qui ont, à cette époque, soutenu le mouvement pacifiste, les publicistes et les juristes ont joué, à côté des pasteurs et des pédagogues, un rôle de premier plan. Utilisant des concepts de la sociologie de leur époque, ils ont cherché à montrer que la « suggestion » de la guerre à travers la presse constituait un danger. Pour se créer une audience, ils ont fondé des associations, diffusé des revues et des brochures. Mais, finalement, la diversité des formes de la suggestion et la complexité du processus de décision au moment du déclenchement d’une guerre empêchent de déterminer avec exactitude l’influence de la presse sur l’opinion et les décideurs.
Vers un anthropomorphisme critique
Authors: Choné Aurélie 
Published: March 2021

À travers quelques exemples issus de la littérature de langue allemande, cet article se propose de déconstruire la notion d’anthropomorphisme (appliquée aux animaux), voire de la réhabiliter dans le sens d’un usage critique. Pour ce faire, les approches théoriques issues de deux champs de recherche seront mobilisées : l’anthropologie de la nature et le Nouveau Matérialisme. On montrera dans un premier temps comment la thèse du pluralisme ontologique formulée par Philippe Descola peut amener à un usage critique de la notion d’anthropomorphisme dans les études littéraires et culturelles, celle-ci se présentant différemment dans le cadre d’une ontologie non naturaliste comme l’analogisme, et perdant même toute raison d’être dans le contexte d’une ontologie de la nature comme l’animisme. On analysera ensuite comment la notion de forme (morphḗ) a pu être retravaillée, chez Goethe notamment, dans le sens d’un anthropomorphisme de questionnement, avant de mettre en évidence, à la lumière de la ballade de Friedrich Dürrenmatt Minotaurus, à quel point il est difficile d’échapper à l’anthropomorphisme dans le cadre du naturalisme. Enfin il s’agira de voir, en s’appuyant sur quelques récits de Kafka, en quoi l’anthropos de l’anthropomorphisme, ainsi que la relation sujet-objet qu’il présuppose, ont fait l’objet d’une déconstruction en règle dans le cadre du Nouveau Matérialisme, amenant à repenser complètement la notion d’anthropomorphisme.
Zariski dense orbits for regular self-maps on split semiabelian varieties
Authors: Ghioca Dragos , Saleh Sina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide a direct proof of the Medvedev–Scanlon’s conjecture from Medvedev and Scanlon (Ann. Math. Second Series 179(2014), 81–177) regarding Zariski dense orbits under the action of regular self-maps on split semiabelian varieties defined over a field of characteristic
$0$
. Besides obtaining significantly easier proofs than the ones previously obtained in Ghioca and Scanlon (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 369(2017), 447–466; for the case of abelian varieties) and Ghioca and Satriano (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371(2019), 6341–6358; for the case of semiabelian varieties), our method allows us to exhibit numerous starting points with Zariski dense orbits, which the methods from Ghioca and Scanlon (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 369(2017), 447–466) and Ghioca and Satriano (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371(2019), 6341–6358) could not provide.
Constraints to Women Involvement in Fish Production in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nmeregini Daniel Chinomso , Onuekwusi Gideon Chinedu , Nzeakor Felix Chibueze 
Published: March 2021

The study analysed constraints to women involvement in fish farming and processing in Anambra State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 90 women fish farmers. Data were analysed using percentage and mean as well as ordinary least square regression. The study revealed that the women mostly used concrete pond (65.6%), the majority (70.0%) have between 1 and 3 ponds. Catfish was mainly cultured by the women (86.7%). The foremost constraints faced by the women in fish farming were inadequate capital ( = 3.31), inadequate land for expansion ( = 3.27), and high cost of fish pond establishment ( = 3.23). The coefficient of inadequate capital (-1.503) was significant at 1%, while the coefficients of inadequate land for expansion (-1.286), pre-occupation with other household chores (1.245), dominance by spouses (1.601) and high cost of fish pond establishment (- 1.768) were significant at 5% significant level. Providing low interest loans to active and registered women fish farmers, revisiting and amending the 1999 land reform, encouraging women to form formidable cooperative societies, among others were recommended by the study.
Key words: Concrete pond, women, fish farming
Student approaches and attitudes towards writing in German as a foreign language, using corpus-linguistic tools
Authors: Ortner Gwyndolen J. , Weber Undine S. 
Published: March 2021

Linguistic researchers are optimistic about what corpora can offer language learners; however, very little empirical assessment of the direct use of corpus tools is reported on in context, especially for languages other than English. One method of assessing the effectiveness and value of corpus tools is by collecting students’ experiences of using them and establishing if they perceive benefits through using corpus tools. Following a qualitative questionnaire which examined student approaches to writing in German as a foreign language, and a quantitative analysis of their writing, a writing module was designed and instituted at Rhodes University for third-year German Studies students. The writing module made use of both indirect (paper-based) and direct (computer-based) corpus-based methods to teach everyday academic vocabulary and formulaic expressions, based on materials developed for the WHiG project in the UK. This study presents an overview of the students’ attitudes and perspectives (as recorded in questionnaires and interviews), in order to give voice to the qualitative and subjective dimension of foreign language learning, which is often neglected in corpus-based studies. The participating students perceived an improvement in their writing through a changed approach to researching and using everyday academic German.
Keywords: German as a foreign language; student perceptions; teaching with corpora; everyday academic language; Deutsch als alltägliche Wissenschaftssprache; academic writing; students as co-creators of teaching materials.
I’m part of the collective: exploring the influence of L1 culture on communal representation through the use of we, us and our in Nigerian undergraduates’ written texts
Authors: Adeyemi Remilekun Iyabo 
Published: March 2021

This study explores the influence of L1 culture on Nigerian tertiary learners’ use of first-person plural personal pronouns we, us and our in written texts to indicate the collective, i.e., the writers’ social community. The quantitative and semantic analysis of the learners’ use of the pronouns was done using the Nigerian learner English corpus (NLEC) in comparison to Louvain corpus of native English student essays (LOCNESS). The quantitative analysis indicates the overuse of first-person plural pronouns by Nigerian learners compared to their LOCNESS counterparts. The study reports on the semantic analysis and reveals that the learners’ overuse of these pronouns can be traced to their cultural background of collective shared experience, communality, inclusiveness and solidarity. This is evident in the collocates of the pronouns, e.g., ‘we live,’ ‘we have,’ ‘technology has helped us,’' ‘it gives us’, ‘our society,’ ‘our nation.’ The student-writers’ use of these pronouns indicates their involvement in issues of discourse and they emphasize collective experience. The findings of the study confirm writers make discoursal choices that align them with their L1 community which is traceable in their L2 written texts.
Keywords: pronouns; culture; undergraduates; academic writing; student-writers; second language
Snakebite Outcome Study in Far west Provincial Hospital Of Nepal
Authors: Kamar Sher Bahadur , Amgain Kapil , Bhusal Laxman , Khanal Kiran Kumar , Puri Shureshraman , Singh Ratna 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Snakebite is well known medical emergencies and cause of hospital admission with significant mortality in our country. Objective of this study is to find out the status and outcome of snake bites envenoming management.
Methods: This is prospective observational study from 15th April 2018 to 14th April 2019.Data collected all snake bites presented this hospital and observed till discharged, death or referred. Case management was done as per the WHO guideline for the management of snake bite 2016. Permission for study was taken from Medical Superintendent of Seti provincial hospital and informed consent was taken. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed using latest version of SPSS version and appropriate descriptive statistical tools.
Results: A total of 362 snakebites were landed in the emergency of this hospital during one year period among them 71% non-poisonous and 29% poisonous snake bites. There were 17 deaths (case fatality rate 12%). Among poisonous Krait 36 % were identified snakes and half could not. Major features of envenoming were ptosis,nausea,vomiting and pain abdomen, parotid tenderness, numbness and blister and bleeding in bitten parts. Almost all 86% poisonous bites got 100ml snake venom antiserum. Few cases required additional 10 vials (100ml) and 13.5% required ventilation for respiratory paralysis. There was no mortality in Intensive Care Unit and ward.
Conclusions: Snake bite is the seasonal life-threatening emergency public health problem; significant numbers of snakebite and mortality but timely intervention has excellent outcome. Community awareness and strengthening health systems are major activities to be done.
ENGLISH: Islamic View on Right to Equal Opportunity to Work for Female Ex-Offenders and Pakistan's International Obligation for Provision of Equal Opportunities for Work
Authors: Khan Abida Sikander , Zia Prof. Dr. Farkhanda 
Published: March 2021

Women in Muslim society faces obstacles to get employment since it is generally assumed that Islam does not allow women to work as their responsibility is to be shouldered by men. This misapprehension leads to issue of gender discrimination in employment and situation get further worse when women hold criminal record. Therefore this paper sheds lights on Islamic view of gender equality while taking into consideration the natural difference exist between man and woman. Then the study aims to discuss that Shariah recognizes human rights of women in Islam and allows women to work as there is no explicit Quranic verse or tradition which ban jobs of women. The article further elaborates that women with previous criminal record are abandoned by the society and their families which further substantiate their right of to get employment in order to meet their ends. The article further encompasses discussion of conflicting interest of ex-offender women and society and how the same can be settled with harmony while applying principles of Islamic jurisprudence. The article has referred verses of the Qur’an, Sunnah of the Prophet (S.A.W.) practices of caliphs⁎ and opinion of Muslim jurists to enrich the legal analysis. The articles also encompasses Pakistan’s international obligation for provision of equal opportunities to work for all without discrimination to give an insight about basis to claim right to work for female offenders.
Dr. Francisco Bolaños Araya
Authors: Baixench Dr. Carlos Arrea 
Published: March 2021

Escribir sobre el Dr. Francisco Bolaños Araya es, para mí, confortante y a la vez inquietante, porque fui su amigo, su discípulo y su admirador, circunstancias que podrían sesgar mis opiniones. Al hacerlo, pretendo que los médicos jóvenes conozcan a un profesional de gran vocación quien, en un pequeño hospital de madera, y en una Costa Rica que era muy diferente a la actual, donde los médicos no contábamos con: resonancias magnéticas, tomografías computarizadas,
Comparación de recidiva posterior a hernioplastía diafragmática con cierre directo versus colocación de parche
Authors: Corrales González Daniela , Ceciliano Romero Norma 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: investigar con cuál técnica quirúrgica, cierre directo o con parche de Goretex, las hernias diafragmáticas congénitas operadas tienen más recidiva.
Metodología: los datos de los pacientes sometidos a reparación por hernia diafragmática congénita en el Hospital Nacional de Niños, entre enero 2008 y el 31 diciembre de 2017, fueron revisados retrospectivamente. De los 94 pacientes, solo 59 cumplen con los criterios de inclusión. Para la comparación de las variables cuantitativas se empleó pruebas de T de Student e intervalos deconfianza al 95 %; las variables cualitativas se analizaron por la prueba de Fisher con un nivel de significancia de 0,05.
Resultados: la mayoría de las hernias diafragmáticas operadas fueron izquierdas (78 %) y posterolaterales (91 %). La técnica de reparación más frecuente utilizada fue el cierre directo (68%). Hubo más recidivas posteriores a cierre con parche de Goretex. Se presentaron entre 1 y 12 meses postoperatorio. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre recidivas con técnica de cierre directo versus cierre con parche de Goretex.
Conclusión: realizar un cierre directo del diafragma es una buena opción quirúrgica para reparación de hernia diafragmática congénita. No hubo en este estudio diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a recidiva entre utilizar técnica con cierre directo o con parche.
Descriptores: parche Goretex, cierre directo, hernia diafragmática congénita
Codeine for Acute Dental Pain and Acute Pain Related to Dental Procedures
Authors: Khangura Sara D. , Argáez Charlene 
Published: March 2021

Two overviews of systematic reviews, 4 systematic reviews, and 9 randomized controlled trials were identified comparing codeine or codeine combination drugs with placebo and/or other drugs in the management of acute dental pain.
As compared to placebo, codeine was generally shown to offer a benefit to patients experiencing acute dental pain.
When compared to other drugs and/or drug combinations — particularly those that were acetaminophen- or ibuprofen-based — codeine generally was not found to be as clinically effective for the management of acute dental pain, with the potential exception of tooth sensitivity following dental bleaching, where 1 study reported that acetaminophen plus codeine was statistically significantly superior to ibuprofen or placebo.
Increased adverse events were observed with codeine-containing drugs as compared to other drugs and/or placebo.
Studies included in this review demonstrated both strengths and limitations, some of which limit the extent to which the findings from these studies were relevant to this report and/or can be generalized.
Hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan dan Fasilitas Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien di Puskesmas Kota Kuala Simpang Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Tahun 2019
Authors: Malinda Risnati , Azhar Azhar 
Published: March 2021

Kepuasan pasien adalah keluaran (outcome) layanan kesehatan. Dengan demikian kepuasan pasien merupakan salah satu tujuan dari peningkatan mutu layanan kesehatan. Kepuasan pasien adalah suatu tingkat perasaan pasien yang timbul sebagai akibat dari kinerja layanan kesehatan yang diperolehnya setelah pasien membandingkannya dengan apa yang diharapkannya (Pohan, 2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan dan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien di Puskesmas. Penelitian ini bersifat Analitikdengan desain crossectional yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Kota Kuala Simpang pada tanggal 19 s/d 25 September 2019 menggunakan data primer dengan jumlah 97 respondenmenggunakan tehnik accidental sampling. Variabel penelitian ini adalah kepuasan pasien, kualitas pelayanan dan fasilitas. Data ini di analisa secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Ha diterima dimana kualitas pelayanan dengan P value=0,000 < α = 0,05, fasilitas P value=0,00 < α = 0,05. Sehingga ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas pelayanan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien peserta di Puskesmas Kota Kuala Simpang.
Nwikpe Probability Distribution: Statistical Properties and Goodness of Fit
Authors: Nwikpe Barinaadaa John , Essi Isaac, Didi , Emeka Amos 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new continuous probability distribution developed from two classical distributions namely, gamma and exponential distributions. The new distribution is called the Nwikpe distribution. Some statistical properties of the new distribution were derived. The shapes of its probability density function have been established for different values of the parameters. The moment generating function, the first four raw moments, the second moment about the mean, Renyi’s entropy and the distribution of order statistics were derived. The parameter of the new distribution was estimated using maximum likelihood method. The shape of the hazard function of the new distribution is increasing. The flexibility of the distribution was shown using some real life data sets, the goodness of fit shows that the new distribution gives a better fit to the data sets used in this study than the one parameter exponential, Shanker, Lindley, Akash, Sujatha and Amarendra distributions.
Screening for Speech and Language Delay among Children Up to or Less than 3 years Seen in the Children Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda , Nneka Gabriel-Job 
Published: March 2021

Background: In the literature, there appears to be a lot of data on speech delay in children but most emanated from the western world, but little from sub-Sahara Africa especially Nigeria. This study therefore is to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of speech and language delay among children up to or less than 3years seen in our environment.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study carried out in the Paediatric outpatient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital within the period of June 2020 to September 2020. The Language Evaluation Scale Trivandrum (LEST 0-3) and Trivandrum Development Screening Chart (TDSC 0-3) are the tools used both to determine the speech and language delays and the developmental milestone in these children aged 0-3 years. Any child 3 years and below attending the clinic was included in the study; however children with apparent syndromes are excluded as well as children whose parents decline to give consent. IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics was employed in the analysis.
Results: The study comprised of 157 subjects with ages ranging from 2 months to 36 months. There is a significant relationship between hearing impairment and language/speech delay (p=0.002). There was a significant relationship between the various identified delays and a history of jaundice in the neonatal period. A prevalence of 15.3% for language/speech delay was obtained.
Conclusion: Language/speech delay is prevalent in our environment. Perinatal risk factors are significantly associated with these delays.