bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Breathing Couples CSF and Venous Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Kollmeier Jost M , Gürbüz-Reiss Lukas , Badura Simon , Ellebracht Ben , Gärtner Jutta , Ludwig Hans-Christoph , Frahm Jens , Dreha-Kulaczewski Steffi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Deep inspiration acts as a driving force for eliciting an upward flow of CSF into the brain simultaneous to an increase of venous outflow to the heart. These findings suggest two interconnected fluid systems which together play a pivotal role in maintaining constant intracranial pressure. Moreover, venous system pathologies are increasingly connected with various disorders of CSF circulation, although exact coupling mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of respiratory forces in linking both fluid systems in the upper and lower body.Methods: Twelve healthy subjects (2 females, age 23-38 years) were studied using real-time phase-contrast flow MRI at 3T. Subjects followed a breathing protocol with 40 s of normal and forced respiration. CSF flow was quantified at the aqueduct and spinal levels C3 and L3. Venous flow was studied in the internal jugular veins and cervical epidural veins and in the inferior vena cava and lumbar epidural veins. Flow values (ml s-1), ROI sizes (mm2) and flow frequency components (Hz) were determined and Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests employed to calculate p values.Results: Cardiac-related flow components prevailed during normal breathing. Forced respiration shifted the main frequency component for CSF and venous dynamics to 0.2 in line with the breathing protocol. Amplification of fluid flow during forced breathing reached significance at all positions except for lumbar and cervical epidural veins and the internal jugular vein which showed decreased flow rates. Veins of the superior and inferior parts of the body followed an opposite flow behavior.Conclusion: Our results support the notion that deep respiration acts as a coupling mechanism of the interdependent venous and CSF flow. Surpassing a certain threshold of intrathoracic and abdominal volume and pressure, deep breathing may perturb their cardiac-dominated fluid dynamics and prompt a synchronous increase of movements. Insights into the driving forces of CSF and venous circulation extend our understanding how the cerebral venous system may be conjunct to intracranial pressure regulations. It will further facilitate our understanding of the pathophysiology of related forms of hydrocephalus.
Solid-State Growth of Cspbi3 Perovskites: Phases Formation and Stability
Authors: Satta Jessica , Casu Alberto , Chiriu Daniele , Carbonaro Carlo , Stagi Luigi , Ricci Pier Carlo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Totally inorganic perovskites are playing an increasingly important role for their potential applications in optoelectronics devices. However, a big problem to be solved is the role of the different phases, the presence of which is closely linked to the growth method and to the role of impurities. In this article, we propose a solvent-free, solid-state growth method, which allows to obtain samples free of any organic residues. The analysis of structural (XRD and Raman measurements), optical (absorption, steady-time and time-resolved luminescence) and morphological (HRTEM imaging), permitted to understand the phase evolution during the synthesis as a function of the temporal duration. The dynamic equilibrium process at high temperature between the CsPbI3 and the starting precursors, CsI and PbI2, plays a fundamental role in the final phase. If, from one side, the α and δ phases are related to the exact stoichiometry, on the other hand an excess of CsI permits the formation of room temperature stable perovskite γ-phase and, with a further excess, the secondary Cs4PbI6 phase is obtained.
Socializing The Evidence For Diabetes Control To Develop “Mindlines”: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Epling John W , Rockwell Michelle S. , Miller Allison D. , Carver M. Colette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:Evidence on specific interventions to improve diabetes control in primary care is available, but this evidence is not always well-implemented. The concept of “mindlines” has been proposed to explain how clinicians integrate evidence using specifics of their practices and patients to produce knowledge-in-practice-in-context. We designed a pilot study to operationalize this concept by creating a venue for clinician-staff interaction concerning evidence. We attempted to hold “mindlines”-producing conversations in primary care practices about evidence to improve diabetes control.Methods:In each of four primary care practices in a single health system, we held a practice-wide conversation about a simple diabetes intervention model over a provided lunch. We attempted to keep the conversation relatively informal and encouraged participation from all. We recorded the conversations and took field notes. We analyzed the data using a framework adapted from the “mindlines” research and noted additional emerging themes.Results:While most of the conversation concerned barriers to implementation of the simple diabetes intervention model, we noted examples of practices adopting and adapting the evidence to suit their own needs and context. Performance metrics regarding diabetes control for the four practices improved after the intervention. Conclusion:It appears that the type of conversations that “mindlines” research describes can be generated with facilitation around evidence, but further research is required to better understand the limitations and impact of this intervention.
Correlation between Perfusion Index and Left Ventricular Output in Healthy Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Hakan Nilay , Aytekin Ayça , İlhan Özkan , Aydin Mustafa , Olgun Haşim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The perfusion index (PI) is a noninvasive marker derived from photoelectric plethysmographic signals in pulse oximetry in the evaluation of peripheral perfusion. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between PI and left ventricular output (LVO) in healthy late preterm infants at 48th hour of life. With new generation pulse oximeter [MASIMO Rad 7 Oximeter] pre- and post-ductal PI values were recorded from healthy late preterm babies at the 48th hour of life. PI was determined simultaneously with LVO as measured by transthoracic echocardiography. A total of 50 late preterm babies were included in the study. The mean gestational age of the cases was 35.4 ± 0.7 weeks and the birth weight was 2586 ± 362 g. Mean pre- and post-ductal PI values at the postnatal 48th hour of babies’ life were found to be 2.0 ± 0.9 and 1.7 ± 1.1. The mean LVO value was 438 ± 124, LVO/kg 175 ± 50. When the LVO value was normalized according to the babies’ body weight, there was no statistically significant correlation between the pre- and post-ductal PI and the LVO / kg value (r < 0.2, p > 0.05 in both comparisons). Conclusion: There was no correlation between pre- and post-ductal PI and LVO values in healthy late preterm infants. This may be due to the failure of the LVO, a systemic hemodynamic parameter, to accurately reflect microvascular blood flow due to incomplete maturation of the sympathetic nervous system involved in the regulation of peripheral tissue perfusion in preterm babies.
Facile Synthesis and Catalytic Activity Assessment of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles: Towards State-of-Art of Advanced Energetic Systems
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , Ismael Shukri , Yehia M. , Tantawy Hesham , Saleh Ahmed , Abdelkhalek Sherif M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
HMX is considered one of the most powerful energetic materials; however HMX experiences low sensitivity. Cobalt oxide particles can expose active surface sites; low coordination surface oxygen has remarkable capability to act as electron donor to electron deficient explosive materials. Furthermore, cobalt oxide hydrous surface could release active ȮH radicals that could attack HMX heterocyclic ring. Consequently cobalt oxide can experience potential catalyzing ability. Highly crystalline, mono-dispersed cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) of 20 nm were fabricated using hydrothermal processing. Cobalt oxide demonstrated stable colloidal particles; these particles were re-dispersed in organic solvent and integrated into HMX matrix via co-precipitation technique. Enhanced particle dispersion into energetic matrix was verified using SEM. The effectiveness of cobalt oxide on HMX decomposition was evaluated using DSC and TGA. Cobalt oxide NPs demonstrated superior catalytic activity; with an increase in HMX decomposition enthalpy by 53 % using DSC. The main decomposition temperature was decreased by 10 0C. Cobalt oxide NPs offered enhanced reaction propagation index by 56 %; additionally HMX activation energy was decreased by 41 % and 37 % using Kissinger and KAS models respectively.
Study on Gender Differences in Acne Vulgaris Associated with Insulin Resistance:A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mi Wenyao , Feng Xia , Wang Zheng-Qun , Ye Xin , Shu Hui-Ling , Yu Bei , Li Chang-Qiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the clinical characteristics and gender differences of acne vulgaris associated with insulin resistance (IR).Methods The present study was conducted in 100 patients, comprising 52 males and 48 females, having acne vulgaris. Of the total, 18 male patients and 9 female patients exhibited IR, whereas 34 male patients and 39 female patients exhibited non-IR (NIR). The height, weight, acne grade, sex hormone, lipid metabolism, plasma glucose, and insulin levels of all the patients were measured and statistically analyzed.Results In the male group, the body mass index of the group with IR was significantly higher than that of the group with NIR (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the sex hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) between female patients having acne associated with IR and those having acne associated with NIR. Levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in male patients having acne associated with IR were lower than those in patients having acne associated with NIR, whereas the estrogen and IGF-1 levels in male patients with acne in the IR group were higher than those in the NIR group. Significant differences were observed in the fasting plasma glucose and fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma insulin levels between male and female groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion Disorders of sex hormone in male patients with acne vulgaris are related to IR; however, this correlation is not significant in women. Levels of sex hormones and metabolism in male patients having acne associated with IR must be actively monitored, and appropriate intervention must be administered.
Human Mobility and Epidemic Evolution
Authors: Vanni Fabio , Lambert David , Palatella Luigi , Grigolini Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The CoViD-19 pandemic ceased to be describable by a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model when lockdowns were enforced. We introduce a theoretical framework to explain and predict changes in the reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 (Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) in terms of individual mobility and interpersonal proximity (alongside other epidemiological and environmental variables) during and after the lockdown period. We use an infection-age structured model described by a renewal equation. The model predicts the evolution of the reproduction number up to a week ahead of well-established estimates used in the literature. We show how lockdown policies, via reduction of proximity and mobility, reduce the impact of CoViD-19 and mitigate the risk of disease resurgence. We validate our theoretical framework using data from Google, Voxel51, Unacast, The CoViD-19 Mobility Data Network, and Analisi Distribuzione Aiuti.
Design of microring resonators integrated with 2D graphene oxide films for FWM
Authors: Moss David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate and optimize the performance of four-wave mixing (FWM) in microring resonators (MRRs) integrated with two-dimensional (2D) layered graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the interaction between the MRRs and the highly nonlinear GO films as well as to the resonant enhancement effect, the FWM efficiency in GO-coated MRRs can be significantly improved. Based on previous experiments, we perform detailed analysis for the influence of the GO film parameters and MRR coupling strength on the FWM conversion efficiency (CE) of the hybrid MRRs. By optimizing the device parameters to balance the trade-off between the Kerr nonlinearity and loss, we achieve a high CE enhancement of ~ 18.6 dB relative to the uncoated MRR, which is ~ 8.3 dB higher than previous experimental results. The influence of photo-thermal changes in the GO films as well as variations in the MRR parameters such as the ring radius and waveguide dispersion on the FWM performance is also discussed. These results highlight the significantly improved FWM performance that can be achieved in MRRs incorporating GO films and provide a guide for optimizing their FWM performance.
Emisiones de CO2 de una turbina Pelton en laboratorio para condiciones de caudal entre 0,1 l/s y 0,2 l/s.
Authors: Beltran Prieto Camilo Andres , Guevara Martinez Maria Fernanda , Camargo Vargas Gabriel De Jesus , Arias Henao Camilo Andres 
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo estudia a escala de laboratorio la eficiencia de la turbina Pelton en un rango de caudal entre 0,1 L/S y 0,2 L/S, con el propósito de cuantificar las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) emitidas a partir de su operación y el resultado compararlo con el consumo energético de un hogar piloto.
Por consiguiente es necesario contemplar diferentes métodos de obtención de energía, que aporten una disminución en el impacto al medio ambiente.
Design of the MIDES plant
Authors: Arévalo Juan , Zamora Patricia , Mena Vicente F. , Hernández-Ibáñez Naiara , Monsalvo-Garcia Victor , Rogalla Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the full design of two microbial desalination cells (MDCs) at pilot-plant scale from the MIDES project. The final MDC pilot unit design was based on the knowledge gained through up scaling of the MDC from lab- to prepilot scale. The MDC pilot plant consists of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with 0.4 m2 electrode area. This chapter also presents the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) and layout of the MDC pilot plant. The MIDES pilot plants are comprised of an MDC pilot plant housed in a 40-ft container with the rest of the peripheral elements. Finally, this chapter presents the improvement made from the first to the second MDC stack in terms of stability and the chemical compatibility of the end plates.
Simulation and control systems in MIDES
Authors: Perz Erhard , Dargam Fatima , Bergmann Stefan , Rodionova Ekaterina , Sousa Pedro , Souza Francisco Alexandre A. , Matias Tiago 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the work concerning the modelling and simulation of the overall MDC process, as well as its performance analysis and optimization. It also focuses on the support that the work brings for operational decisions on desalination plants, specifically applied to a microbial-powered approach for water treatment and desalination, starting from the stages of process modelling, process simulation, optimization and lab-validation, through the stages of plant monitoring and automated control. The work is based on the application of the environment IPSEpro from SimTech for the stage of process modelling and simulation; and on the system Databridge from Oncontrol for automated control, which employs techniques of machine learning.
Environmental assessment for desalination projects including microbial desalination cells
Authors: Mendoza-Sammet Angeles , Jamtsho Sonam , Salinas-Rodríguez Sergio G. , Kennedy Maria D. , Bossa Nathan , Delpivo Camilla , Diez Maria , González Andrés Verónica 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For MIDES it was necessary to analyse the aspects that should be considered for the environmental assessment of desalination projects that integrate the microbial desalination cells as pre-treatment for reverse osmosis. The approach used to that end was to combine three methods: revision of existing guidance for environmental and social assessment of desalination projects to compile a list of components and impacts; life cycle analysis based on a pre-pilot MDC to determine impacts associated with its construction and operation; and risk assessment to determine risks of the potential release of nanoparticles. The results showed that, at project level, existing guidance needs to pay more attention to the effects that the local and regional environment could have on a desalination project and to the regional cumulative effects to which a project could contribute. At the level of the MDC, the main impacts were the contribution to climate change and toxicity resulting from the 20:1 ratio of catholyte to feed water; however, preliminary data for the operation of a pilot MDC showed a reduction to a 5:1 ratio, with largely reduced impacts. At the structural level, the risk assessment showed that the release of nanoparticles from the cathodes and membranes is negligible.
New frontiers and outlook
Authors: Ortiz Juan M. , Salinas-Rodríguez Sergio G. , Bossa Nathan , Borràs Eduard , Arévalo Juan , Esteve-Núñez Abraham 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this chapter is to outline the areas for further development and research of microbial desalination cells (MDCs) for production of low energy drinking water. This chapter highlights the challenges ahead in the context of membrane and electrode development, scaling-up, construction, environmental challenges, capital and operational costs, social acceptancy and further identification of niche areas for MDCs.
Socio-economic influence of hydrogeology in regions adjoining coal bearing formation: Water policy in Anambra Basin
Authors: Ukpai S. N. , Ojobor R. G. , Okogbue C. O. , Nnabo P. N. , Oha A. I. , Ekwe A. C. , Nweke M. O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Coal Province lies within the central portion of Anambra Basin and along the axis of regional water resources catchment of Southeastern Nigeria. Although this area includes a prolific aquifer, the high cost of development and treatment of the groundwater degraded by AMD has created water scarcity problems against water policy initiatives. Social and economic impacts were investigated, even as policy measures for rehabilitation purposes through water resource management were highlighted. Several geoscientific methods were integrated for the investigations. Mean resistivity up to 30 Ω-m relatively at shallow depths indicated aquitards of Enugu/Mamu Formations, whereas the aquifer reflected resistivity ≤1,000 Ω-m at depths of ≥180 m across Ajali Sandstone. Alkaline-rich seepage flushed Fe-rich AMD at aquifer-aquitards interfaces adjoining the river catchment area. The AMD-induced oxidation process produced noxious Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4-Cl facie. These results were correlated with policy related questionnaires. Plans for water security were proposed, mainly to channel groundwater directly from the regional aquifer, or the chemically degraded seeped water from the fluvial system, into constructor water reservoir (treatment) columns prior to distribution to the town-water supply. Such water resource development is cost effective; and with management policies regulated by relevant decision-making agencies, sustainable supply is assured.
La Distribución del Ingreso en el Perú, 1996-199
Authors: Quispe Llanos Renán 
Published: May 2021

La desigual distribución del ingreso y los altos niveles de pobreza, determinan que en nuestra sociedad se observen limitaciones para un desarrollo más constante y equitativo y reducen el acceso a educación, salud y mejores niveles de vida.
De otro lado, en el concepto moderno del desarrollo no es suficiente el crecimiento de un país, si en forma simultánea no se acortan los desequilibrios y desigualdades en la búsqueda de un bienestar más duradero en lo económico, político y social.
Puno: paisajes, cifras e historia para armar un modelo
Authors: Cetraro Cardó César 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo es un diagnóstico de la realidad puneña que destaca las condiciones de pobreza en la que vive el 80,4% de los habitantes, pese a la mejoría de ciertos indicadores a lo largo de los últimos 40 años en aspectos como el alfabetismo y el nivel educativo. La agricultura sigue siendo la principal actividad económica de los puneños, le siguen los servicios.
Se describen las condiciones geográficas, políticas y administrativas con cuadros informativos basados en la estadística más reciente.
Kill Me Please: Being a Final Girl in Times of Fear, Terror, and Nightmare
Authors: Christofoletti Barrenha Natalia 
Published: May 2021

This article explores how the film Mate-me por favor/Kill Me Please (dir. Anita Rocha da Silveira, 2015) appropriates and subverts horror tropes in order to consider class, gender and generational concerns in contemporary Rio de Janeiro. It questions what the use of horror elements seeks to promote, and how this approach to the genre can be productive in discussions of the fears of growing up in a violent and sexist society.

Este artigo pretende explorar como o filme Mate-me por favor (Anita Rocha da Silveira, 2015) se apropria e subverte códigos do horror levando em conta preocupações de classe, de gênero e geracionais no Rio de Janeiro atual. Meu interesse se concentra no que o uso do horror busca promover, e como a aproximação a esse gênero pode ser produtiva para discutir os medos (e como enfrentá-los) de crescer em uma sociedade violenta e sexista.
PRESCRIBING TRENDS IN ASTHMA IN PEDIATRICS: A LONGITUDINAL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: KAUR AMANPREET , SEHGAL ARSHIYA , SEHGAL VIJAY K , SINGH HARJINDER 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: In recent years, the prevalence of asthma has globally increased. Despite intensive treatment, many children with asthma are not achieving good symptom control. The present study aims to analyze the prescribing trends in pediatric asthma according to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators.
Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal study conducted for the duration of 6 months with a sample size of 62. Children with age 1–14 years with asthma, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled after obtaining the written informed consent. Data were collected from outpatient department prescription slips for 2 times, one at 1st enrollment and the next after 1 month and changes in the prescription were noted. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured on both visits and the change in PEFR was noted.
Results: Male predominance was seen (67.74%) with age of 5–9 years (40.32%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 1.96. The most commonly prescribed anti-asthmatic drug was inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (78.22%). Only 1.5% drugs were prescribed by generic names and 22.22% drugs from the essential drug list. Inhalational route (38.71%) was preferred over the oral route (20.97%). After 1 month of treatment, change in PEFR was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study concluded that average number of drugs per prescription and use of antibiotics was conforming to the WHO prescribing standards but prescribing from essential medicines list and by generic name need to be encouraged.