bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting the Challenges in Oncology Care Management During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Rasschaert Marika , Vanclooster Pieterjan , Depauw Laura , Mertens Tim , Roelant Ella , Coenen Elke , Anguille Sebastien , Janssens Annelies , Dam Peter , Peeters Marc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has a far-reaching impact on healthcare. Cancer patients in particular were regarded as vulnerable and oncology departments drastically modified their Care systems and established new priorities. We evaluated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the activity of a single cancer center; and we studied patients’ perspectives of the preventive institutional or governmental safety measures.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of (i) Volumes of Oncological activities (2020 versus 2019), (ii) patients’ perception rate of the preventive measures, (iii) patients’ SARS-Cov-2 infections, clinical signs thereof and (iv) new diagnoses made during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results: As compared with a similar timeframe in 2019 the overall activity in total numbers of outpatient chemotherapy administrations and specialist visits, based on weekly average of daily accesses was not statistically different; while inpatient admissions decreased for both medical oncology and thoracic oncology (18% (p=0.0018) and 44% (p<0.0001) respectively). Cancer diagnosis plummeted (34%), but no stage shift could be demonstrated.Acceptance and adoption of hygienic measures was high, as measured by a targeted questionnaire administered to a sample of outpatients (>85%). However, only 46.2% of responding patients regarded telemedicine, although widely deployed, as an efficient surrogate to a consultation. Thirty-three patients developed SARS-CoV-2, 27 were hospitalized and 11 died within this time frame. These infected patients were younger, current smokers and suffered more comorbidities.Conclusions: This retrospective cohort analysis demonstrates that continuation of active cancer therapy and specialist visits is feasible and safe after implementation of population-wide, institutional and department specific safety measures. Substantial decreases in diagnosis of solid tumors were recorded. To manage the backlog of belated diagnoses, while providing continued state-of-the-art cancer care during this prolonged health crisis, we need policy interventions to adapt the health care system and allow telemedicine to fulfill a more prominent role.
WITHDRAWN: Aluminum chloride impairs learning and memory by P2X7 and A2A-receptor stimulations in hippocampus of mice
Authors: Reichert Karine Paula , Bottari Nathieli Biachin , Schetinger Maria Rosa Chitolina , Silva Aniélen Dutra da , Assmann Charles Elias , Costa Pauline da , Lopes Thauan Faccin , Heidrich Graciela , Dressler Valderi , Morsch Vera Maria Melchiors 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is considered a neurotoxic agent for biological systems and is recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Al exposure occurs through the environment, water and human diet. The Al cationic form (Al3+) has been associated with major deleterious effects on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism that links Al and neurodegeneration in vivo. Here, we evaluated memory tests, purinergic signaling and inflammatory markers during long-term oral exposure to Al of mice in the total hippocampus. For this study, Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control (CT) group, AlCl3 50 mg/kg group and AlCl3 100 mg/kg group. The animals were orally treated with saline or Al3+ at AlCl3 form for 30 days. The memory parameters, body and brain weight, Al3+ levels, DNA damage, enzyme activities, purinergic receptors and cytokine densities were assessed on the hippocampus of mice intoxicated with Al3+. Our results reveal that Al3+ was able to reduce brain weight and accumulate in the hippocampus of animals treated with 100 mg/kg of salt. In addition, Al3+ causes memory deficits and DNA damage. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis was also affected by Al3+. Our results point to an increase in nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5´-nucleotidase (5’-NT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities. In addition, Al3+ increases P2X7 and A2A receptor density, as IL-1β proinflammatory cytokine. Taken together, we suggest that Al3+ can cause memory loss through DNA damage and alterations to the purinergic system through the proinflammatory process.
The First Internal Electromagnetic Motion Monitoring Implementation For Stereotactic Liver Radiotherapy in China: Procedures and Preliminary Results
Authors: Mu Zhongde , Wang Qi , Guo Chang , Feng Yong , Gu Hongcheng , Zhai Zhenyu , Wu Jianfeng , He Xia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Respiratory motion may compromise the dose delivery accuracy in liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Motion management can improve treatment delivery. However, external surrogate signal may be unstable and inaccurate. This study reports the first case of liver SBRT based on internal electromagnetic motion monitoring in China.Materials and Methods. The patient with a primary liver cancer was treated with respiratory-gated SBRT guided by three implanted electromagnetic transponders. The treatment was carried out in breath-hold end-exhale with beam-on when the centroid of the three transponders drifted within 5 mm (left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) and cranio-caudal (CC) directions) from the planned position. The motion monitoring treatments were delivered in breath-hold end-exhale mode with the energy of 6 MV in FFF mode with 1200 monitor units (MU) per minute. For each fraction, QA results, intertransponder distances, geometric checks as well as tumor motion logs were explicitly recorded.Results. Comparing with the plan data, distance variances between each two transponders were -0.056±0.032 cm, 0.017±0.033 cm and -0.082±0.068 cm. Geometric residual, the pitch, roll and yaw angles were 0.048±0.021 cm (threshold 0.2 cm), 2.17°±1.85°(threshold 10°), -2.42°±1.51° (threshold 10°) and 1.67°±1.07° (threshold 10°), respectively. The delivery time of the five fields were 13.8 s, 13.1 s, 11.18 s, 11.57 s, 11.62 s with the average value of 12.254±1.13 s. Treatment duration of each fraction ranged from 6.22 minutes to 21.43 minutes, with the average value of 11.25±5.03 minutes.Conclusions. The first case of liver SBRT patient of China based on internal electromagnetic motion monitoring was performed. The system had a high tracking accuracy, and it did not delay the treatment time. In addition, the patient did not show any severe side effects except for I°myelotoxicity. The internal electromagnetic motion monitoring system provides a real-time and direct way to track liver tumor targets.
Source Identification and Pollution Factors of Elements in PM2.5 Samples obtained in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Abulude Ifeoluwa Ayodeji , Ezeh Godwin Chigaekwu , Acha Sunday 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Air quality is a big concern all over the world. It affects both humans and animals in a variety of ways. Air must be quantified to monitor the impact, and the consistency of the air must be determined. Both stakeholders will use the knowledge collected to take effective action. To that end, we've taken measures in Nigeria to measure PM2.5, elements, and meteorological parameters, as well as assess their enrichment, contamination, and emission levels. For a total of ten months, samples were collected at three locations in Ondo State, Nigeria: the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Oba Ile, and Museum (January to October). The pollution factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI), as well as Principal Component Analysis, were used to measure the PM and components (PCA). The average PM concentrations (101 g m3 (FUTA); 120 g m3 (Oba Ile); and 176 g m3 (Museum) were found to be higher than the WHO (35 g m3) and USEPA (15 g m3) normal limits. The macro elements (K > Na > Ca > P > Al) were ordered in this order, while the trace elements were ordered in this order: Cu > Fe, > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn > Pb. PCA listed elements from vehicular activities, biomass burning, dust, and soil as contributing elements. The findings are useful for identifying sources of PM2.5, primary, and trace elements, enrichment, contamination assessment, and air pollution index, as well as contributing to regional monitoring programs.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Hidabu Abote District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Bose Boja Tilinti , Melka Yoseph , Awas Tesfaye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The world population use medicinal plants for treating diseases in forms of drug developments also traditional medicinal specially developing countries. The economic growth and cultural changes threaten the traditional lifestyle of local people. The aim of the study is to investigate medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge. Methods: Ethnobotanical data were obtained using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and market survey. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, informant consensus factor, preference ranking and Direct matrix ranking using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Science Version 20. Results: Ethnomedicinal use of 136 medicinal plant species belonging to 117 genera and 63 families wereidentified and documented. The highest number of medicinal plants was used in midland kebele(74 species). Out of total medicinal plants 66 (48.53%) species were reported to treat human aliments only. Most of the medicinal plants harvested were herbs (37.50%), followed by trees (36.76%) and the least was lianas (0.74%). A Pearson correlation test indicated a positive and significant difference between age of informants and number of medicinal plant species cited, and negative and significant difference between level of education and number of medicinal plant species cited. The result indicates that there was significant difference between male and female informants in their knowledge of medicinal plants, and there was significant different between number of medicinal plants reported by key informants and household respondents. Cordia africana ranked first as a multipurpose medicinal plant. Agricultural expansion (41.96%) stood first as a factor threatening medicinal plants. Conclusion: The highest numbers of MPs were used in Sire Morose kebele (midland), but collection was not restricted only to their locality the move other kebeles to harvest MPs. In the study area elders have better knowledge of medicinal plant than younger and as people educate their knowledge on medicinal plants decrease.This implies that in study area there is potential indigenous knowledge but we are going loss this traditional knowledge if did not develop means transferring this to next generation. To support local people effort on in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation needed
Estimating the Rate of Overdiagnosis With Prostate Cancer Screening: Evidence From the Finnish Component of The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Walter SD , Hu Jiarui , Talala Kirsi , Tammela Teuvo , Taari Kimmo , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Screening for prostate cancer may have limited impact on decreasing prostate cancer-related mortality. A major disadvantage is overdiagnosis, whereby lesions are identified that would not have become evident during the man’s lifetime if screening had not taken place. The present study aims to estimate the rate of overdiagnosis using Finnish data from the European randomized trial of prostate screening. Methods: We used data from 80,149 men randomized to a screening or a control group, distinguishing four birth cohorts. We used the “catch-up method” to identify when the difference in the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer between the screening and control groups had stabilised, implying that the screening has no further effect. We define the overdiagnosis rate to be the relative excess cumulative incidence in the screened group at that point. As an independent method, we also examined the diagnosis rates of T1c tumours as an indicator of early tumors detected by PSA. Results: The estimates of overdiagnosis rates from the catch-up method using the full period of available follow-up ranged between cohorts from 2.3% to 15.4%, and the T1c analysis gave very similar results. Conclusions: Some overdiagnosis has occurred, but there is uncertainty about its extent. A long follow-up is required to demonstrate the full impact of screening. We evaluated the overdiagnosis rates at a population level, associated with being offered screening, taking account of contamination (screening among the controls). The overall evaluation of screening should incorporate mortality benefit, cost-effectiveness and quality of life.
Towards a reverse world in automation: human as a sensor
Authors: Bersani Chiara , Sacile Roberto , Zero Enrico 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Automation is more and more shifting towards a technologic world where the human component is however still involved. The autonomous cars represent an example where the shift towards a fully automated vehicle still requires the presence of the human component, that is a human-in-the-loop, which may represent the failure or the added value of such systems. Stress and fatigue represent the main concerns in safety issues during workloads, above all, in situations where the person’s behaviour represents a potential source of harm in human–computer interaction. After a brief survey of the recent literature on the human as a sensor concept, in this paper, some examples of an electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interface showing the still limited but potentially challenging effectiveness of such an approach in systems engineering. The aim is to explore brain activities when a subject is conditioned by external stimuli during the execution of a cognitive task and to evaluate the human capability to react to the unexpected event faster than a machine.Different experiment tests have been designed to evaluate the human reactions under simulated driving scenarios and workload sessions. Accordingly, different methodologies to use this information are shown. Driver’s performance has been evaluated by EEG power spectrum analysis when unpredicted acoustic stimuli or breaking emergency situations are simulated during the driving session. A Fine Gaussian Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach has been carried out to classify the human’s brain activities when the participant has to drive a car along a challenging curvilinear path in a virtual simulated scenario or when he is exposed to visual disturbances while performing a common task.The results demonstrate an interesting potential correlation between external stimuli and driver’s brain wave activities in virtual driving environment. In addition, the EEG pattern recognition in the visual external stimulus test and in the driver’s stress simulation to tackle a road with different curve angles generated promising outcomes. However, despite the wide literature on the subject, the effective use of such signal still represents a hard although challenging task.
A Genetically Modified Anti-Plasmodium Bacterium Is Harmless to the Stingless Bee Partamona Helleri
Authors: Viana Thaís , Barbosa Wagner , Botina Lisbetd , Bernardes Rodrigo , Soares Juliana , Jacobs-Lorena Marcelo , Martins Gustavo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paratransgenesis consists of genetically engineering an insect symbiont to control vector-borne diseases. Biosafety assessments are a prerequisite for the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Assessments rely on the measurement of the possible impacts of GMOs on different organisms, including beneficial organisms, such as pollinators. The bacterium Serratia AS1 has been genetically modified to express anti-Plasmodium effector proteins and does not impose a fitness cost on mosquitoes that carry it. In the present study, we assessed the impact of this bacterium on the native bee Partamona helleri (Meliponini), an ecologically important species in Brazil. Serratia eGFP AS1 (recombinant strain) or a wild strain of Serratia marcescens were suspended in a sucrose solution and fed to bees, followed by measurements of survival, feeding rate, and behavior (walking and flying). These bacteria did not change any of the variables measured at 24, 72, and 144 h after ingestion. Recombinant and wild bacteria were detected in the digestive tract up to 144 h after ingestion, but their numbers decreased with time. The recombinant strain was detected in the midgut at 24 h and in the hindgut at 72 h and 144 h after ingestion. As reported for mosquitoes, Serratia eGFP AS1 is a safe candidate for combating vector-borne diseases, as it did not compromise the native and ecologically relevant bee, P. helleri.
Exploration of Novel TOSMIC Tethered Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Compounds for the Development of Potential Antifungal Drug Candidate.
Authors: Shukla Pratibha , Deswal Deepa , Pandit Mansi , Latha N , Mahajan Divyank , Srivast Tapasya , Narula Anudeep Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
New candidates of imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine were designed by combining 2-amino pyridine, TOSMIC isocyanide and various assorted aldehydes were synthesized to explore their antioxidant and antifungal potential. The design of these derivatives was based on utilizing the antifungal potential of azoles and TOSMIC moiety. These derivatives were synthesized by adopting multi-component reaction methodology, as it serves as a rapid and efficient tool to target structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds in quantitative yield. The resulting imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine derivatives were structurally verified by 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The compounds were analyzed for their antioxidant and fluorescent properties and it was observed that compound 15 depicted good fluorescence and antioxidant potential. Additionally, the compounds were evaluated for their antifungal potential against both Aspergillus fumigatus 3007 & Candida albicans 3018 and it was observed that all the compounds had moderate to significant antifungal effect. Confocal images depicted the porous nature of compound treated fungal cell membranes leading to fungal growth inhibition. Molecular docking was performed to establish the interaction with the target enzyme (Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase) which also corroborated with the in vitro results. In silico tools were employed to determine drug-likeliness of the compounds along with determination of ADME properties.
Survival Impact of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Olfactory Neuroblastoma ： 513 Cases from the SEER Database
Authors: Duo Guo-Shuai , Feng Ji-Long , Zhang En-Yi , Wang Li-jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on survival in olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) patients with different stages. MethodsPatients with ONB were selected in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2004–2016. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan Meier (K-M) method, Cox regression analysis, and competing risk model. ResultsA total of 513 patients were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analysis results demonstrated that PORT was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of patients with modified Kadish stage A and B (p=0.699 and p=0.248, respectively). For C and D cases, patients who underwent PORT had significantly better OS than those who did not undergo PORT (p=0.03 and p< 0.0001, respectively). K-M curves illustrated that the 5- and 10-year OS rates according to radiotherapy (PORT vs. non-PORT) were 70.4% vs. 85.3% and 56.8% vs. 68.2% in stage C, respectively. For stage D patients, the 5-year OS rates were 42.6% and 70.7%, and 10-year OS rates were 29.5% and 53.4% in the PORT and non-PORT groups, respectively. The competitive risk model revealed that the 5-year cancer-specific cumulative mortality incidence decreased by 26.6% and the 10-year mortality incidence by 41.4% in patients with stage C who were treated using PORT; meanwhile, for patients with stage D who were treated with PORT, the 5- and 10-year mortality incidence reduced by 35.3% and 42.6%, respectively. Chemotherapy was not related to the prognosis of ONB (all p> 0.05).ConclusionsOur results indicate that PORT improved survival outcomes in ONB patients with modified Kadish stage C and D. However, for modified Kadish stage A and B cases, PORT may not affect survival. Chemotherapy was not recommended for ONB patients until more studies determine the role of chemotherapy.
Clinical effectiveness of space maintainers and space regainers in the mixed dentition: A systematic review
Authors: Khalaf Khaled , Mustafa Aseel , Wazzan Mohammad , Omar Mennatalla , Estaitia Mohammed , El-Kishawi Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this systematic review was to address the clinical effectiveness of space maintainers and space regainers in the prevention and correction of dental arch decrease in the mixed dentition. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using five databases and 6 relevant journals. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs), Controlled Clinical Trials (CCTs), cohort studies and case-control studies of children in the mixed dentition requiring a space maintainer or a space regainer, children with mild to moderate crowding, and with Class I and mild Class II or Class III skeletal pattern. Results: Following the three phases of a systematic search, 11 were included for the final analysis, of which 1 article was found to be of critical risk, 2 articles of serious risk and 8 articles of moderate risk of bias. Conclusions: Space maintainers may preserve arch length and prevent crowding in mildly to moderately crowded cases, but at the cost of proclination of the lower incisors. Space regainers were somehow effective in distalizing the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars and thus contributing to the resolution of mild to moderate crowding in the mixed dentition. However, considering the low evidence provided by this systematic review, high-quality studies are needed.Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020170035).