bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of antenatal syphilis point of care testing on pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Brandenburger Dana , Ambrosino Elena 
Published: March 2021

Background
Mother-to-child transmission of syphilis remains a leading cause of neonatal death and stillbirth, disproportionally affecting women in low-resource settings where syphilis prevalence rates are high and testing rates low. Recently developed syphilis point-of-care tests (POCTs) are promising alternatives to conventional laboratory screening in low-resource settings as they do not require a laboratory setting, intensive technical training and yield results in 10–15 minutes thereby enabling both diagnosis and treatment in a single visit. Aim of this review was to provide clarity on the benefits of different POCTs and assess whether the implementation of syphilis POCTs is associated with decreased numbers of syphilis-related adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases (PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane) were systematically searched for intervention studies and cost-effectiveness analyses investigating the association between antenatal syphilis POCT and pregnancy outcomes such as congenital syphilis, low birth weight, prematurity, miscarriage, stillbirth as well as perinatal, fetal or infant death.

Results
Nine out of 278 initially identified articles were included, consisting of two clinical studies and seven modelling studies. Studies compared the effect on pregnancy outcomes of treponemal POCT, non-treponemal POCT and dual POCT to laboratory screening and no screening program. Based on the clinical studies, significantly higher testing and treatment rates, as well as a significant reduction (93%) in adverse pregnancy outcomes was reported for treponemal POCT compared to laboratory screening. Compared to no screening and laboratory screening, modelling studies assumed higher treatment rates for POCT and predicted the most prevented adverse pregnancy outcomes for treponemal POCT, followed by a dual treponemal and non-treponemal POCT strategy.

Conclusion
Implementation of treponemal POCT in low-resource settings increases syphilis testing and treatment rates and prevents the most syphilis-related adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to no screening, laboratory screening, non-treponemal POCT and dual POCT. Regarding the benefits of dual POCT, more research is needed. Overall, this review provides evidence on the contribution of treponemal POCT to healthier pregnancies and contributes greater clarity on the impact of diverse diagnostic methods available for the detection of syphilis.
Asymptomatic Plasmodium infection and associated factors among pregnant women in the Merti district, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Subussa Bereket Wake , Eshetu Teferi , Degefa Teshome , Ali Musa Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Background
Asymptomatic Plasmodium infection (API) that occurs during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirths, abortion, premature delivery, and low birth weight. API also hinders the control and prevention of malaria as infected hosts serve as silent reservoirs for transmission of Plasmodium species in the community.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of API and associated factors among pregnant women. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Merti district, Oromia, Ethiopia among 364 pregnant women from March to September 2018.

Methods
Sociodemographic and obstetrics features were collected using a structured questionnaire. About 2ml of blood was collected from participants to detect Plasmodium species, gametocyte carriage rate, parasite density, and anemia.

Results
The prevalence of API among pregnant women was 3.6%. The proportion of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax was 6(46.2%) and 7(53.8%) respectively. Out of 13 Plasmodium species identified, Gametocyte carriage rate was 4(30.7%). The geometric mean density of the asexual stage of the parasites was 994.7(interquartile [IQR], 320 to 2200) parasites/ul. The geometric mean gametocyte density was 303.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 160 to 600). The proportion of anemia among Plasmodium-infected participants was 12(92.3%). Previous infection by Plasmodium species (AOR = 5.42; 95% CI: 1.19–29.03, p = 0.047), lack of insecticide-treated bed net use (AOR = 6.52; 95% CI: 1.17–36.44, p = 0.032), and living close to stagnant water (AOR = 4.18; 95% CI (1.12–17.36, p = 0.049) were significantly associated with API. Anemia was significantly higher among Plasmodium-infected than non-infected pregnant women (x2 = 27.62, p <0.001).

Conclusion
In the current study, a relatively high prevalence of API was detected among pregnant women. Identifying API in the community is important to prevent the unwanted outcomes of Plasmodium infection and its transmission.
The association between body composition and metabolically unhealthy profile of adults with normal weight in Northwest China
Authors: Fan Ling , Qiu Jiangwei , Zhao Yu , Yin Ting , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Qingan , Jing Jinyun , Zhang Jiaxing , Wang Faxuan , Liu Xiuying , Liu Lan , Zhao Yi , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Related evidences of metabolically unhealthy profile of adults with normal weight are not well characterized in the Chinese population. This is because they cannot be effectively identified by regular measurements (such as body mass index [BMI]). To overcome this gap in literature, this study aimed at investigating the association between body composition and metabolically unhealthy profile in Chinese adults with normal weight.

Methods
A total of 5427 individuals with normal-weight were recruited from 15820 people living in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China. Normal-weight was defined as a BMI of 18.5–23.9 kg/m2. Metabolically unhealthy profile was assessed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW) profile was defined in individuals who had normal weight and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors. Generalized linear model was used to investigate the association between body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance and metabolically unhealthy profile in adults with normal-weight.

Results
The percentage of metabolically unhealthy profile was 35.86% in adults with normal weight. Different MUHNW distributions were found between males and females depending on age. The percentage of the MUHNW profile significantly increased in women after the age of 55, contrary to men. The association between body composition and MUHNW was affected by age and sex. The increased adiposity indices (fat mass index [FMI], visceral fat level [VFL], waist circumference [WCF]), and reduced skeletal muscle mass ratio [SMR] showed significant differences between MUHNW and metabolically healthy with normal weight (MHNW) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The distribution of MUHNW differed between ages and sexes. FMI, VFL, WCF and SMR could be responsible for the MUHNW adults, providing a new insight into the potential metabolic risks for the adults with normal weight in China. This directs us in the management of the MUHNW for their early prevention.
Prevention of road traffic collisions and associated neurotrauma in Colombia: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: M. Selveindran Santhani , Samarutilake Gurusinghe D. N. , Vera David Santiago , Brayne Carol , Hill Christine , Kolias Angelos , Joannides Alexis J. , Hutchinson Peter J. A. , Rubiano Andres M. 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionNeurotrauma is an important but preventable cause of death and disability worldwide, with the majority being associated with road traffic collisions (RTCs). The greatest burden is seen in low -and middle- income countries (LMICs) where variations in the environment, infrastructure, population and habits can challenge the success of conventional preventative approaches. It is therefore necessary to understand local perspectives to allow for the development and implementation of context-specific strategies which are effective and sustainable.MethodsThis study took place in Colombia where qualitative data collection was carried out with ten key informants between October and November 2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and explored perceptions on RTCs and neurotrauma, preventative strategies and interventions, and the role of research in prevention. Interview transcripts were analysed by thematic analysis using a framework approach.ResultsParticipants’ confirmed that RTCs are a significant problem in Colombia with neurotrauma as an important outcome. Human and organisational factors were identified as key causes of the high rates of RTCs. Participants described the current local preventative strategies, but were quick to discuss limitations and challenges to their success. Key barriers reported were poor attitudes and knowledge, particularly in the community. Suggestions were provided on ways to improve prevention through better education and awareness, stricter enforcement and new policies on prevention, proper budgeting and resource allocation, as well as through collaboration and changes in attitudes and leadership. Participants identified four key research areas they felt would influence prevention of RTCs and associated neurotrauma: causes of RTCs; consequences and impact of RTCs; public involvement in research; improving prevention.ConclusionRTCs are a major problem in Colombia despite the current preventative strategies and interventions. Findings from this study have a potential to influence policy, practice and research by illustrating different solutions to the challenges surrounding prevention and by highlighting areas for further research.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending Antenatal care in Dilla University Referral Hospital Gedio Zone, Ethiopia; health facility based cross-sectional study
Authors: Atalay Adugnaw Atnafu , Abebe Reta Kassa , Dadhi Aberash Eifa , Bededa Worku Ketema 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionA pregnancy that has been complicated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in typical management problems for both the mother and the newborn. One of the universal efforts in tackling the impact of chronic HBV is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission during Antenatal care via prompt screening as the majority of chronic infections globally harbored during this period. Rewarding result have been achieved in reducing this problem at this period of life through maternal screening programs and universal vaccination of infants. This study was aimed at assessing the seroprevalence and associated risk factor of HBV among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH), Southern Ethiopia.MethodA facility- based cross- sectional study was conducted from December 01 to May 30, 2017 among pregnant women attending ANC. A total of 236 pregnant women were included in this study. All Pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic and were volunteer during the study period were included, whereas those women who were unable to communicate due to any problem, and not volunteer to give informed consent were excluded. Volunteer participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and had offered to test for HBsAg infection. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables.ResultsFrom 215 pregnant women attending ANC, the prevalence of HBsAg by the rapid test was found to be 11 (5.1%). Among the study participants, 91.1% (215) were tested for HIV antibody during the ANC visit, with the positivity rate of 4.5%. The result showed 1.86% of the study participants who were tested for HIV were also positive for HBsAg. Among those factors affecting the transmission of HBV infection, multiple partners and HIV confection have significant association at P-value less than 0.05.ConclusionThe Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women was found to be significant and hence, routine screening of pregnant mother at Antenatal care for this virus, and subsequent management according to the guideline for both the mother and child is recommended.
Desentralisasi dan Resentralisasi: Upaya Menyeimbangkan Pendulum Pusat-Daerah
Authors: Harsasto Priyatno 
Published: March 2021

Kebijakan desentralisasi di Indonesia belum juga mampu memenuhi harapan akan munculnya pemerintahan demokratis yang membawa kesejahteraan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengulik masalah yang muncul dalam proses pemaknaan desentralisasi politik saat ini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus yang mengandalkan data-data sekunder, penelitian ini mencermati dinamika politik desentralisasi di Jawa Tengah. Desentralisasi memang telah berhasil meningkatkan kapasistas birokrasi dalam menyediakan pelayanan publik, namun pengembangan karir birokrat seringkali tergantung pada hubungan personal daripada institusional. Di samping itu, upaya peningkatan efisiensi pelayanan publik pada saat yang sama dikuatkan dengan upaya resentralisasi birokrasi yang membatasi otonomi birokrasi.
Karakteristik Pola Pertumbuhan dan Distribusi Ukuran Thunnus albacares, Bonnaterre, 1788 (Teleostei: Scombridae) yang Tertangkap dengan Pancing Ulur di Perairan Selatan Pulau Ambon
Authors: Paillin Jacobus Bunga , Siahainenia Stany Rachel , Tawari Ruslan Husen Saban 
Published: March 2021

Handline is a fishing tool that is always used by fishermen in Passo Village to catch tuna fish in the southern waters of Ambon Island. In carrying out tuna fishing activities, these fishermen use two hand lines at the same time operating together but differ in their operating techniques. This research was conducted to know the size distribution and growth pattern of yellowfin tuna caught by handline (PUT and PUH) in the southern waters of Ambon Island. From the results of this study, the total yellowfin tuna caught using the PUT handline was 323 individuals with an average class length of 117.23 cm, while the yellowfin tuna caught using the PUH handline was 159 with an average class length of 118.1 cm. The average total weight of yellowfin tuna caught by the PUT handline was 21.26 kg. The average total weight caught using the PUH handline was 21.94 kg. The growth pattern of yellowfin tuna as a whole is negative allometric, which means that the length growth is faster than the weight growth. Pancing ulur merupakan alat tangkap yang selalu dipakai oleh nelayan di Desa Passo untuk menangkap ikan tuna di perairan selatan Pulau Ambon. Dalam melakukan aktivitas penangkapan ikan tuna, nelayan tersebut menggunakan dua pancing ulur (hand line) sekaligus diopresikan secara bersama-sama namun berbeda dalam teknik pengoprasiannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran dan pola pertumbuhan ikan tuna madidihang yang tertangkap dengan pancing ulur (PUT dan PUH) di perairan selatan Pulau Ambon. Dari hasil penelitian ini total ikan tuna madidihang yang tertangkap dengan PUT sebanyak 323 individu dengan rata-rata kelas ukuran panjang yang tertangkap yaitu 117.23 cm, sedangkan tuna madidihang yang tertangkap menggunakan PUH sebanyak 159 ekor dengan rata-rata kelas ukuran panjang 118.1 cm. Rata-rata berat total tuna madidihang yang tertangkap dengan PUT yaitu 21.26 kg. rata-rata berat total yang tertangkap dengan PUH yaitu 21.94 kg. Pola pertumbuhan ikan tuna madidihang secara keseluruhan bersifat allometrik negatif hal ini berarti pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat pertumbuhan beratnya.
Distribusi Spasial dan Faktor Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Pesisir Kota Makassar
Authors: Noor Rahmat Januar , Kabangnga Arnold , Fathuddin Fathuddin 
Published: March 2021

The presence of heavy metals in coastal waters is a threat to the wealth of coastal ecosystems because they are toxic. The people activities of Makassar City are centered in the coastal area so that they have the potential to produce heavy metal pollutants that can escape into coastal waters. This study aimed to determine the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment and water column and to determine the contamination factor. The research location is along the coast of Makassar City by determining the location of the observation based on potential sources of input, namely ports, river estuaries, and tourism activities. The research method used survey methods with in-situ measurements (oceanographic parameters) and ex-situ (heavy metal concentrations) and data presentation using tables, graphs, and analysis of variance test results. The concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in the sediment were higher and significantly different (p <0.05) compared to the water column, while Cu not different. There was no significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals (p> 0.05) spatially (ports, river estuaries, tourist sites). Heavy metals in the sediments did not exceed the quality standard, while several heavy metals in the water column exceeded the quality standards, namely Pb and Cd. The contamination level of heavy metal pollutants studied in the coastal waters of Makassar City was low (CF <1), and if sorted, a pattern of heavy metal was Cd> Zn> Pb> Cu. Keberadaan logam berat di perairan pesisir merupakan ancaman bagi kekayaan ekosistem pesisir sebab bersifat toksik. Aktivitas masyarakat Kota Makassar berpusat di daerah pesisir sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan bahan pencemar logam berat yang dapat lepas ke perairan pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi konsentrasi logam berat di sedimen dan kolom air serta menentukan faktor kontaminasi. Lokasi penelitian di sepanjang pesisir Kota Makassar dengan penentuan lokasi pengamatan berdasarkan potensi sumber masukan yaitu pelabuhan, muara sungai, dan aktivitas wisata. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan pengukuran secara insitu (parameter oseanografi) dan exsitu (konsentrasi logam berat) serta penyajian data menggunakan tabel, grafik, dan hasil pengujian analisis varians. Konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada sedimen lebih tinggi serta berbeda secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kolom air sedangkan Cu tidak berbeda. Tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi logam berat yang nyata (p>0,05) secara spasial (pelabuhan, muara sungai, lokasi wisata) Logam berat pada sedimen tidak melampaui baku mutu sedangkan pada kolom air terdapat beberapa logam berat yang melampaui baku mutu yaitu Pb dan Cd. Tingkat kontaminasi bahan pencemar logam berat yang diteliti di perairan pesisir Kota Makassar termasuk rendah (CF<1) dan bila diurutkan maka ditemui pola Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu.
Yıkıcı yönetim, sanal kaytarma ve işteki üretkenlik: Banka çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Güğerçin Seda , Çavuş Mustafa Fedai 
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; yıkıcı yönetim algısı, sanal kaytarma davranışları ve işteki üretkenlik kavramları arasındaki ilişkilerin yapılan ampirik bir araştırma ile ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmanın kuramsal çerçevesini, sosyal mübadele teorisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Adana ilinde faaliyet gösteren kamu ve özel banka çalışanlarından anket yöntemi ile temin edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında temin edilen veriler; doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, yıkıcı yönetim algısının işteki üretkenlik ve sanal kaytarmanın önemli ve önemsiz olarak adlandırılan her iki boyutu ile anlamlı ilişkilerinin olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Yıkıcı yönetimin işteki üretkenliği negatif yönde, sanal kaytarmanın her iki boyutunu ise pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, sanal kaytarma davranışının her iki boyutunun işteki üretkenlik ile ilişkisinin anlamlı olmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonuçlarına bağlı olarak, işletmelerdeki yöneticilere yıkıcı yönetimin olası zararlarına yönelik bilgilendirici eğitimler verilerek yıkıcı yönetim uygulamalarının önüne geçilmesi önerilmektedir. İlaveten işletmeler sanal kaytarma davranışlarına yönelik güvenlik açığı oluşturmayacak şekilde kısmi esneklikte bir kısıtlama politikası uygulayabilir ve üretkenlik için tehdit olarak gördükleri spesifik sanal kaytarma davranışlarını takip ederek gerektiğinde ilave önlemler alabilirler.
Evaluation of TGF-β1 and EGFR in Cleft Affected Lip Mucosa
Authors: Rimdenoka Olga , Pilmane Māra 
Published: March 2021

Background. The morphopathogenesis of orofacial cleft development is only partly understood; therefore, it is important to identify factors, which possibly could be involved in it. The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of TGF-β1 and EGFR-containing cells in cleft affected lip mucosa.Materials and Methods. The study group included lip mucosa tissue samples from 14 patients with orofacial cleft. The control group contained 11 healthy oral mucosa tissue samples. The tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for TGF-β1 and EGFR. The expression of positive structures was graded semiquantitatively. IBM SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, Spearman`s rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed.Results. Mostly few to moderate number (+/++) of TGF-β1-containing cells was found in epithelium, also the same number of fibroblasts and macrophages was seen in the lamina propria of cleft affected lip mucosa. Meanwhile, healthy oral mucosa on average demonstrated a moderate number (++) of TGF-β1-containing epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. A variable, mostly indistinct number of EGFR-containing cells was seen in the epithelium of cleft affected lip mucosa, meanwhile, mostly no (0) EGFR positive cells were found in the epithelium of healthy mucosa. Statistically significantly less TGF-β1-containing cells were found in the epithelium of cleft affected lip mucosa than in the healthy mucosa (U=33.000; p=0.015). Also, the lamina propria of cleft affected lip mucosa showed statistically significantly less TGF-β1 immunoreactive fibroblasts and macrophages than the healthy mucosa (U=28.500; p=0.006).Conclusions. The decreased number of TGF-β1-containing epithelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages in cleft affected lip mucosa proves the role of problematic tissue remodelation in the cleft pathogenesis. The distribution of EGFR in cleft affected and healthy mucosa is similar and possibly does not play a role in the cleft development of humans.
Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration
Authors: Sakoparnig Marlene , Galan Isabel , Steindl Florian R. , Kusterle Wolfgang , Juhart Joachim , Grengg Cyrill , Briendl Lukas , Saxer Andreas , Thumann Maria , Mittermayr Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reduction of clinker use is mandatory to lower the negative environmental impact of concrete. In shotcrete mixes, similarly to the case of conventional concrete, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and proper mix design allow for the substitution of clinker without compromising the mechanical properties. However, the impact of the substitution on the durability of shotcrete needs to be further assessed and understood. The results from the present study, obtained from real-scale sprayed concrete applications, show a reduction of the Ca2+ leaching and sintering potential of clinker-reduced shotcrete mixes due to the presence of SCMs. This positive effect, crucial for low maintenance costs of tunnels, is mainly related to a reduced portlandite content, which on the other hand negatively affects the carbonation resistance of shotcrete. Additionally, the hydration of SCMs positively influences the chloride penetration resistance presumably due to a combination of microstructural changes and changes in the chloride binding capacity. Differences found in the pore size distribution of the various mixes have low impact on the determined durability parameters, in particular compared to the effect of inhomogeneities produced during shotcrete application.