bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral transfer‐dictated self‐assembly of chiral block copolymers
Authors: Li Hao , Xiong Bijin , Xu Jiangping , Zhu Jintao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChiral structures not only exist in nature widely, they also emerge in artificial systems, attracting myriad attentions due to their excellent mechanical, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Self‐assembly of chiral block copolymers (BCPs*), where at least one block consists of chiral centers, represents a facile strategy to form helical/spiral/network structures with a controlled chirality. Usually, morphological chirality of BCP* assemblies was closely associated with molecular and conformational chirality of the chiral block. Generally, chiral assemblies arose from molecular chirality of BCPs*, transferring up in the assembly process and dictated the chirality at a higher hierarchical level. In contrast, notwithstanding similar assemblies could be observed from achiral BCPs under certain conditions, both left‐ and right‐handed ones were usually observed simultaneously without a preference. Moreover, unique feature of BCPs* to access to controllable chiral assemblies affords an opportunity to prepare advanced functional materials. Herein, we dedicated a review on assembly of BCPs* into chiral assemblies in bulk/films, selective solvents, and confined spaces. The chiral transfer process in these assembly scenarios were discussed and highlighted as a key contributor to morphological chirality. Functionalities and representative applications of BCP* assemblies were also described, followed by present challenges and future prospects of BCP* self‐assembly.
Controlled release of thiram pesticide from polycaprolactone micro and nanofibrous mat matrix
Authors: Pouladchang Azimeh , Tavanai Hossein , Morshed Mohammad , Khajehali Jahangir , Shamsabadi Amir Shahin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolymeric nanofibers as a matrix for controlled release of pesticides has gained importance alongside controlled drug release. Electrospinning of thiram pesticide incorporated polycaprolactone micro and nanofibers and thereof release characteristics are reported. With only chloroform as the solvent for polycaprolactone, thiram incorporated microfibers could be electrospun. To electrospin polycaprolactone nanofibers containing thiram, methanol was added as a co‐solvent. Regular and beadless microfibers (mean diameter = 3.7–4.5 μm) and nanofibers (mean diameter = 29–481 nm) were successfully electrospun. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy showed that thiram was held by the polycaprolactone matrix physically. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that thiram could not reorganize its crystals in the fibrous matrix. The amount of thiram pesticide loaded in micro and nanofibers was measured to be in the range of 42.5–150 and 26.4–163.4 mg.g−1, respectively. Microfibers showed a higher release rate with lower amounts of the loaded thiram. Nanofibrous matrices showed an opposite trend.
Gross morphological and morphometric study of the upper respiratory system of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse 1840)
Authors: Ogbonnaya Obioma , Ibe Chikera Samuel , Ikpegbu Ekele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nose is a structurally and functionally complex organ in the upper respiratory tract. It not only serves as the principal organ for the sense of smell, but also functions to efficiently filter, warm, and humidify inhaled air before the air enters the more delicate distal tracheobronchial airways and alveolar parenchyma of the lungs. Despite the volume of published studies on the biology of rodents, there is no information on the gross upper respiratory morphology of the African giant rat (AGR) in the available literature. Hence, this study aimed to examine the anatomy of the turbinates, their meatuses, and the morphometry of the nasal cavity. The following were found and reported in this study: (a) There were three nasal conchae in AGR: the nasoturbinate, which was the largest; the ethmoturbinate, which was composed of one well‐developed ectoturbinate and three well‐developed endoturbinates; and the maxilloturbinate, which was fusiform, short, and branched. (b) Three major meatuses were observed: the dorsal nasal meatus, which was the longest and widest; the middle nasal meatus, which was without limbs but had a deep oval caudal recess; and the ventral nasal meatus, which directly continued caudally into the nasopharyngeal meatus. (c) Four ethmoturbinates with four slit‐like meatuses were observed, each with dorsal and ventral limbs; the first contacted the middle nasal meatus but not the nasopharyngeal meatus. (d) There were three paranasal sinuses: one sphenoid, two frontal, and two palatine sinuses. The data obtained are relevant to pathologists and eco‐morphologists, considering the burrowing habitat and behaviors of AGR, and provide baseline data for more investigative studies.
Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Anticorrosion Performance of Submicron/Nanocarbon from Jute Sticks
Authors: Basha Shaik Inayath , Aziz Md. Abdul , Maslehuddin M. , Ahmad Shamsad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJute stick, one of the most commonly and abundantly available agricultural waste product, was converted to a value‐added submicron/nano jute carbon by using pyrolysis and high‐energy ball milling techniques. The submicron/nano jute carbon was characterized using FE‐SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The anticorrosive performance of the submicron/nano jute carbon was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and salt spray techniques, on mild steel plates coated with a mixture of epoxy resin and the submicron/nano jute carbon. The electrochemical impedance of the steel coated with the composite coating was two orders of magnitudes higher than that of the specimen coated with neat epoxy. Consequently, the corrosion rate of specimens coated with composite coating was 13–20 times higher than that of steel coated with neat epoxy coating. The salt spray results also indicate an improvement in the corrosion resistance performance of the composite coating compared to the neat epoxy. The uniform distribution of the submicron/nano jute carbon particles in the epoxy resin improved the denseness of the composite coating by acting as a barrier against the diffusion of chloride, moisture, and oxygen, thus, improving the corrosion resistance of the developed coating.
Preparation of a Water‐Soluble ZnXCd1‐XS Quantum Dot Photocatalyst at Room Temperature Assisted by 3‐Mercaptopropionic Acid
Authors: Li Shenjie , Gong Xiaoyu , Yu Minghui , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Yanyan , Wang Shuang , Yu Hao , Shao Hongyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn effective path to synthesize ZnxCd1‐xS quantum dots (ZCS QDs) in aqueous phase at room temperature has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we developed a room‐temperature, aqueous‐phase approach to ZCS QDs, using 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to adjust the pH of the reaction precursor solution to regulate the competition between sulfur source and hydroxyl group, and realize the large‐scale preparation of water‐soluble ZCS QDs photocatalyst at room temperature. Without recombination with other materials, and only by regulating the ratio of pH, excess sulfur sources and Zn/Cd, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) can reach 98% within 1 min, showing high photocatalytic activity. ZCS QDs show high stability and recoverability, and are expected to be able to deal with organic pollutants on a large scale. This study provides a new idea for the preparation of other QDs at room temperature.
Buchenholzdübel zur Schubübertragung in Brettstapel‐Beton‐Verbunddecken
Authors: Mikoschek Michael , Colling François , Guggenberger Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractÜblicherweise wird bei Brettstapel‐Beton‐Verbunddecken der Verbund über Kerven und/oder metallische Verbindungsmittel ausgeführt. Eine neuartige, stahlfreie Verbundlösung sieht die Schubübertragung durch Buchenholzdübel bei gleichzeitigem Verzicht auf eine Stahlbewehrung vor. Die Holzprofile werden hierfür an der Oberseite parallel zur Spannrichtung zu trapezförmigen Profilen gefräst und darin die Buchenholzdübel in Querrichtung eingebracht, sodass mit dem Aufbeton ein formschlüssiger Verbund entsteht. Sowohl hinsichtlich der Tragfähigkeit als auch bez. der Nachgiebigkeit des Verbunds wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen dieses neuartigen Holz‐Beton‐Verbundsystems durchgeführt. Bei der Aufnahme der auftretenden Schubkräfte erfahren die Holzprofile eine Lochleibungsbeanspruchung und die Buchenholzdübel eine Scher‐ und Querdruckbeanspruchung, wodurch die Verbundsteifigkeit maßgeblich bestimmt wird. Der Haftverbund und die Reibung zwischen Holz und Beton können jedoch das Verbundverhalten deutlich beeinflussen. Die Tragfähigkeit des Verbunds wird im Wesentlichen dadurch bestimmt, dass die punktuelle Belastung der unbewehrten Betondeckschicht an den Dübeln zum Abscheren bzw. Aufspalten des Betons führt.
Identification and characterization of metamorphic proteins: Current and future perspectives
Authors: Das Madhurima , Chen Nanhao , LiWang Andy , Wang Lee‐Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProteins that can reversibly alternate between distinctly different folds under native conditions are described as being metamorphic. The “metamorphome” is the collection of all metamorphic proteins in the proteome, but it remains unknown the extent to which the proteome is populated by this class of proteins. We propose that uncovering the metamorphome will require a synergy of computational screening of protein sequences to identify potential metamorphic behavior and validation through experimental techniques. This perspective discusses computational and experimental approaches that are currently used to predict and characterize metamorphic proteins as well as the need for developing improved methodologies. Since metamorphic proteins act as molecular switches, understanding their properties and behavior could lead to novel applications of these proteins as sensors in biological or environmental contexts.
Potent therapeutic targets for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid degrading enzymes
Authors: Choi Hang , Kim Eungchan , Choi Jae Yoon , Park Eunsik , Lee Hyuck Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn an aging society in the world, dementia that leads to pain in patients and their families has become a common disease in our lives. Among dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most commonly shown disease. Various causes of the disease have been proposed and amyloid hypothesis insists that the toxic amyloid‐β (Aβ) species could be the major risk factor of the onset and progression of AD. In this perspective, clearance of Aβ species from the brain by regulating the activity of amyloid degrading enzymes (ADE), including neprilysin and matrix metalloproteinases, could be a potent treatment for AD. Therefore, the structures and functions of these enzymes along with biological molecules in the brain would be important to understand the pathogenesis of AD and develop an effective medication for the disease. In this review, multiple ADE with biological molecules which could affect the activities and/or expression of the enzymes are summarized.
A phase II study of poziotinib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Heo Seong Gu , Ahn Beung‐Chul , Hong Min Hee , Cho Byoung Chul , Lim Sun Min , Kim Hye Ryun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn phase I studies, poziotinib has shown meaningful efficacy against various types of cancers. This phase 2 study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of poziotinib in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M‐HNSCC).MethodsOverall, 49 patients were enrolled (median age, 62 years; age range, 21–78 years). Patients received a median of two prior treatments including chemotherapy and others and received 12 mg poziotinib orally once daily as part of a 28‐day cycle. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Targeted capture sequencing was performed using available tissues to identify translational biomarkers related to clinical response.ResultsORR was 22.4%, median PFS was 4.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–6.2 months), and median OS was 7.6 months (95% CI, 4.4–10.8 months). The most common treatment‐related adverse events were acneiform rash (85%) and mucositis (77%). A grade 3 or higher adverse event was acneiform rash (3%). Targeted capture sequencing was performed in 30 tissue samples. TP53 and PIK3CA were the most frequently mutated genes (43%), followed by CCND1 (33%) and EGFR (30%). Mutations in ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4, which are HER family genes, were observed in 17%, 13%, and 10% samples, respectively. There was no difference in the frequency of somatic mutations in the HER family genes between the clinically benefitted and non‐benefitted groups.ConclusionCompared to other pan‐HER inhibitors, poziotinib showed clinically meaningful efficacy in heavily treated R/M‐HNSCC.Clinical trial registration number.NCT02216916.
Cytotoxic and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Xanthones from Garcinia mckeaniana Leaves and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Thi Thu Ha Nguyen , Minh Quan Pham , Van Cuong Pham , Van Tuyen Nguyen , Van Kiem Phan , Thanh Tra Nguyen , Le Thi Tu Anh , Litaudon Marc , The Son Ninh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new racemic xanthone, garmckeanin A (1), and eight known analogs 2–9 were isolated from the ethyl acetate (AcOEt) extract of the Vietnamese Garcinia mckeaniana leaves. Their structures were determined by MS and NMR spectral analyses and compared with the literature. The AcOEt extract showed good cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines KB, Lu, Hep‐G2 and MCF7, with IC50 values of 5.40–8.76 μg/mL, and it also possessed α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 9.17 μg/mL. Garmckeanin A (1) exhibited inhibition of all cancer cell lines, with an IC50 value of 7.3–0.9 μM. Allanxanthone C (5) successfully controlled KB growth, with an IC50 value of 0.54 μM, higher than that of the positive control, ellipticine (IC50 1.22 μM). Norathyriol (8) was a promising α‐glucosidase inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.07 μM, much higher than that of the positive control, acarbose (IC50 161.0 μM). The interactions of the potential α‐glucosidase inhibitors with the C‐ and N‐terminal domains of human intestinal α‐glucosidase were also investigated by molecular docking study. The results indicated that bannaxanthone D (2), garcinone E (4), bannaxanthone E (6), and norathyriol (8) exhibit higher binding affinity to the C‐terminal than to the N‐terminal domain through essential residues in the active sites. In particular, compound 8 could be assumed to be the most potent mixed inhibitor.
A non‐cytotoxic regimen of decitabine to treat refractory T‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zawit Misam , Gurnari Carmelo , Pagliuca Simona , Awada Hassan , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Saunthararajah Yogen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report on a novel, successful, non‐cytotoxic therapy to treat multiply‐refractory T‐LGL in an elderly patient.
Transient lymphadenopathy during intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Foulad Delila Pouldar , Rigas Michael , Piracha Fawad , Gupta Meeta , Nguyen Maisie , Grando Sergei A. , Memon Shehla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis is the first case of transient cervical lymphadenopathy as an adverse event during IVIg infusion. IVIg plays a vital role in the treatment of many dermatological conditions and identification of adverse events can facilitate patient counseling.
Acute appendicitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia‐induced acute pancreatitis: A case report
Authors: Kadel Dhruba , Chaulagain Sabin , Thapa Bikash Raj , Basnet Angela , Bhuju Shashinda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypertriglyceridemia led acute pancreatitis secreted exudative fluid tacked to the right iliac fossa may cause irritation of retroperitoneum leading to acute periappendicular inflammation and acute appendicitis.
Broad ligament pregnancy – A rare and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Sadłecki Paweł , Grabiec Marek , Walentowicz‐Sadłecka Małgorzata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBroad ligament pregnancy is a very rare life‐threatening form of ectopic pregnancy, in which implantation occurs within the peritoneal cavity. The advantages of a laparoscopic approach over a laparotomy in this setting include a reduced estimated blood loss, a shorter operating time, reduced analgesic requirements, shorter hospital stay, and convalescence.
Non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Toyoshima Hirokazu , Nakanura Bun , Tanigawa Motoaki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nakanishi Yuki , Sakabe Shigetoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNegative blood culture and pathological findings are helpful to diagnose non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. The treatment strategy, including lifelong anticoagulation or surgery, should be individualized based on patients' underlying diseases.
Homeowner perceptions of watering restriction scenarios in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area
Authors: Barnes Michael R. , Yue Chengyan , Watkins Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTurfgrass‐dominated residential yardscapes are an important component of urban ecological landscapes. These spaces provide a multitude of benefits both ecological (e.g., water filtration) and social (e.g., recreation). However, yardscapes can require significant amounts of input such as fertilizers, herbicides, and more critically water. Residential outdoor water use has been extensively studied in water‐scarce areas (e.g., southwestern United States) but water supply issues are also beginning to impact previously water‐rich regions. One tool a municipality can use to control water usage is residential watering restrictions. Despite past research on the outcomes of such watering restrictions, few studies have tried to understand the perceptions of how homeowners subject to such restrictions feel about them. The current study addresses two critical gaps: first to understand homeowner perceptions of common watering restriction types and their likelihood to water, and second to expand the geographic scope of water use research by targeting a nonwater‐scarce area. We conducted an online survey of homeowners in the Twin Cities metropolitan area (TCMA) in Minnesota. Overall, homeowners held moderately favorable views towards three theoretical restriction scenarios and were about equally as likely to water across scenarios compared to no restrictions. Attitudes and perceptions of restrictions saving water drove favorability; conversely, the presence of irrigation systems predicted increased watering likelihood across scenarios. Strategies to reduce water use and achieve conservation goals in nonwater‐scarce areas should include assessment of resident perceptions of watering restrictions alongside sustained education campaigns.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Repository Corticotropin Injection Compared With Synthetic ACTH1‐24 Depot and Methylprednisolone in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Poola Nagaraju , Due Bryan , Wright Dale , Brooks Leah R. , Zaman Fahima 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRepository corticotropin injection (RCI; Acthar Gel) is a naturally sourced complex mixture of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) analogs and other pituitary peptides. This phase 1, single‐center, open‐label, randomized parallel study directly compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of RCI and synthetic ACTH1‐24 depot. Methylprednisolone was included to estimate the steroidogenic exposure of RCI and synthetic ACTH1‐24 depot when used to treat nephrotic syndrome. A total of 48 healthy subjects aged 18 to 50 years were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to RCI (80 IU subcutaneously twice weekly on study days 1 and 4), synthetic ACTH1‐24 depot (1 mg subcutaneously twice weekly on study days 1 and 4), or methylprednisolone (32 mg orally once daily on study days 1 through 6). After 2 doses, RCI induced about 5‐fold lower free cortisol exposure and an estimated 4‐fold lower steroidogenic exposure than synthetic ACTH1‐24 depot. The lower endogenous cortisol response of RCI was achieved despite higher observed mean plasma concentrations of N25‐deamidated porcine ACTH1‐39 (the pharmacokinetic marker for RCI) than of ACTH1‐24. The different pharmacodynamic properties demonstrated by RCI and synthetic ACTH1‐24 depot in this study suggest that these products in the ACTH class are not interchangeable.
Performance modeling of graphics processing unit application using static and dynamic analysis
Authors: Alavani Gargi , Sarkar Santonu 
Published: September 2021

SummaryGraphics processing units (GPUs) have become an integral part of high‐performance computing to achieve an exascale performance. Understanding and estimating GPU performance is crucial for developers to design performance‐driven as well as energy‐efficient applications for a given architecture. This work presents a model developed using a static analysis of CUDA code to predict the execution time of NVIDIA GPU kernels without the need for running it. Here a PTX code is statically analyzed to extract instruction features, control flow, and data dependence. We propose a scheduling algorithm that satisfies resource reservation constraints to schedule these instructions in threads across streaming multiprocessors (SMs). We use dynamic analysis to build a set of memory access penalty models and use these models in conjunction with the scheduling information to estimate the execution time of the code. We present the experimental results which support that this approach works across architectures of NVIDIA GPUs. We first tested our model on two Kepler machines, where the mean percentage error (MPE)/mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 8.88%/28.3% for Tesla K20 and 5.66%/29.4% for Quadro K4200. We further tested the model on Maxwell and Pascal architectures and recorded the MPEs/MAPEs to be 10.64%/47.8% and %/28.5%, respectively.
Improved single shot multibox detector target detection method based on deep feature fusion
Authors: Bai Dongxu , Sun Ying , Tao Bo , Tong Xiliang , Xu Manman , Jiang Guozhang , Chen Baojia , Cao Yongcheng , Sun Nannan , Li Zeshen 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe feature layers of different layers in the single shot multibox detector (SSD) are independently used as the input of the classification network, so it is easy to detect the same object. This article proposes an improved SSD model based on deep feature fusion. In the SSD algorithm, the deep feature fusion between the target detection layer and its adjacent feature layer is used, including convolution kernels and pooling kernels of different sizes, down‐sampling of low‐level features and up‐sampling of deconvolution of high‐level features. The network is improved by combining the target frame recommendation strategy in the SSD algorithm and the frame regression algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved SSD algorithm improves the detection accuracy and detection rate of the target, and the effect is more obvious for the relatively small‐scale target.