bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation and Optimal Control of the Multiscale Dynamics of Covid-19: A Case Study From Cameroon
Authors: MBOGNE David Jaures FOTSA , TCHOUMI Stéphane Yanick , TCHAPTCHIE Yannick KOUAKEP , KAMLA Vivient Corneille , KAMGANG Jean Claude , DANGA Duplex Elvis HOUPA , TSAKOU Samuel BOWONG , BEKOLLE David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work aims at a better understanding and the optimal control of the spread of the new severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We first propose a multi-scale model giving insights on the virus population dynamics, the transmission process and the infection mechanism. We consider 10 compartments in the human population in order to take into accounts the effects of different specific mitigation policies. The population of viruses is also partitioned into 10 compartments corresponding respectively to each of the first nine human population compartments and the free viruses available in the environment. We show the global stability of the disease free equilibrium if a given threshold T0 is less or equal to 1 and we provide how to compute the basic reproduction number R0. A convergence index T1 is also defined in order to estimate the speed at which the disease extincts and an upper bound to the time of extinction is given. The existence of the endemic equilibrium is conditional and its description is provided. We evaluate the sensitivity of R0, T0 and T1 to control parameters such as the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, the rate of disinfection both for people and environment, the mobility probability, the wearing mask probability or efficiency, and the human to human contact rate which results from the previous one. According to a functional cost taking into consideration economic impacts of SARS-CoV-2, we determine and discuss optimal fighting strategies. The study is applied to available data from Cameroon.
A Multi-part Production Planning Framework for Additive Manufacturing of Unrelated Parallel Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printers
Authors: Cadiou Thibaut , DEMOLY Frédéric , Gomes Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fostering the development of additive manufacturing (AM) in the context of mass production is a key factor to ensure its adoption in industry. It should be remembered that this technology intrinsically makes it possible to produce parts with unexpected complexities in terms of shape and structure, but this comes at a price: time. To overcome this productivity barrier, AM technology providers are currently developing 3D printing machines with high-speed performance and mass reproduction means in a single run. Although such trends can be seen as a natural evolution of this technology with respect to current consumption patterns, it still remains scientific issues on production planning strategies to be tackled. The objective of the paper is to address on-demand production planning of different AM parts in FabLabs/hubs composed of unrelated parallel 3D printers. A novel framework is then introduced to consider part orientation, path planning and part- to-printer assignment with a specific focus on fused filament fabrication technique. By targeting a minimum production time, it exhibits reasoning algorithms implemented in a Python application at the interface of computer-aided design system and process planning software. A case study with a batch of non-identical parts and 3D printers is introduced to illustrate the added value of the framework and its operational side.
Hjorth features and k-nearest neighbors algorithm for visual imagery classification
Authors: Costa Fabio Ricardo Llorella , Patow Gustavo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Visual imagery is an interesting paradigm for use in Brain-Computer Interface systems. Through visual imagery we can extend the potential of BCI systems beyond motor imagery or evoked potentials. In this work we have studied the possibility of classifying different visual imagery shapes in the time domain using EEG signals, with the Hjorth parameters and k-nearest neighbors classifier 69% accuracy has been obtained with a Cohen's kappa value of 0.64 in the classification of seven geometric shapes, obtaining results superior to other related works.
Eocene Arc-related Magmatism within the Neotethys Subduction System in NW Iran; Geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb Dating on Magmatic Phases in the Shahjahan Batholith
Authors: Ahmadi Zahra , Jahangiri Ahmad , Moazzen Mohssen , oh Chang Whan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Granitoids of the composite Shahjahan batholith in the northernmost part of the Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic arc of Iran, and southernmost of the Lesser Caucasus (South Armenia) show SHRIMP zircon ages of 37.1±1.2 to 47.1±4.5 Ma. Dioritic rocks of the pluton with an age of 46.6 ± 4.6 to 47.1 ± 4.5 Ma are calk-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous and I-type. They show arc-related affinities, characterized by LREE and LILE enrichment and HREE and HFSE depletion, especially negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies (TNT effect) in the normalized spider diagrams. low Ce/Pb, Nb/La and high Ba/Nb, U/Th and Hf/Zr ratios along with positive Pb, K, Th and Sr anomalies in the normalized spider diagrams for the studied samples are compatible with magma contamination with crustal materials during ascend to the lower crustal levels. Felsic dikes with granodiorite and syenite compositions and 37.1 ± 1.2 to 38.57 ± 0.41 Ma old, are characterized by high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, metaluminous, and A2- type affinities which show post-collision tectonic setting geochemical features. The REE patterns for all studied samples and the composition of the trace element ratios indicate a geochemically enriched spinel-lherzolite lithospheric mantle source for the magmas, which underwent a low degree of partial melting. Dating arc-related dioritic samples and post collision felsic dikes put constrain on timing of Neotethys Ocean closure in NW Iran. Based on the present study, Middle to Upper Eocene is suggested as closure time of the Neotethys Ocean, Arabia and Central Iran plates’ collision and crustal thickening in Northwest Iran.
The study of the pathogenesis of idiopathic central precocious puberty based on gut microbiota
Authors: Huang Congfu , Wu Bin , Yang Wei , Chen Junru , Yang Zhenyu , Li Yinhu , Chen Shufen , Wu Xiangling , Wu Liping , Liu Haiying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Object

To analyze the correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolism, and explore whether the pathogenesis of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is consistent based on GM.
Methods In this study, we have

recruited 27 ICPP (ICPP group) and 23 healthy children (healthy group), and collected the blood and fecal samples from the participants. Blood samples were tested for hormones, including the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, prolactin, and testosterone. DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and amplified and sequenced with 16S rDNA V3-V4 region. Finally, we annotated the sequencing results, counted the differences in hormone indicators and GM composition between the two groups, and analyzed the correlation with clinical indicators. At the same time, we reviewed the literature on GM and PCOS.
Results

Compared with the healthy group, the ICPP group exhibited significantly higher levels of the hormone and other indicators (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the ICPP group showed significantly enriched Proteobacteria than the healthy group (4.85% vs 2.92%). At the genus level, the abundances of Roseburia and Prevotella were significantly higher in the ICPP group than those in the healthy group (7.55% vs 2.01%, 3.95% vs 0.19%), but Bacteroides were obviously decreased in the ICPP group (29.96% vs 44.91%). In addition, the potential associations underlying the sex hormonal secretion and the carbohydrate metabolism pathways of GM increased significantly in the ICPP group.
Conclusion

The alternations of GM in ICPP patients are closely related to carbohydrate metabolism, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance, indicating similar pathogenesis with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Metabolic resilience is encoded in genome plasticity
Authors: Agudelo Leandro , Tuyeras Remy , Llinares Claudia , Morcuende Alvaro , Park Yongjin , Sun Na , Linna-Kuosmanen Suvi , Atabaki-Pasdar Naeimeh , Ho Li - Lun , Galani Kyriakitsa , Franks Paul , Kutlu Burak , Grove Kevin , Femenia Teresa , Kellis Manolis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metabolism plays a central role in evolution, as resource conservation is a selective pressure for fitness and survival. Resource-driven adaptations offer a good model to study evolutionary innovation more broadly. It remains unknown how resource-driven optimization of genome function integrates chromatin architecture with transcriptional phase transitions. Here we show that tuning of genome architecture and heterotypic transcriptional condensates mediate resilience to nutrient limitation. Network genomic integration of phenotypic, structural, and functional relationships reveals that fat tissue promotes organismal adaptations through metabolic acceleration chromatin domains and heterotypic PGC1A condensates. We find evolutionary adaptations in several dimensions; low conservation of amino acid residues within protein disorder regions, nonrandom chromatin location of metabolic acceleration domains, condensate-chromatin stability through cis-regulatory anchoring and encoding of genome plasticity in radial chromatin organization. We show that environmental tuning of these adaptations leads to fasting endurance, through efficient nuclear compartmentalization of lipid metabolic regions, and, locally, human-specific burst kinetics of lipid cycling genes. This process reduces oxidative stress, and fatty-acid mediated cellular acidification, enabling endurance of condensate chromatin conformations. Comparative genomics of genetic and diet perturbations reveal mammalian convergence of phenotype and structural relationships, along with loss of transcriptional control by diet-induced obesity. Further, we find that radial transcriptional organization is encoded in functional divergence of metabolic disease variant-hubs, heterotypic condensate composition, and protein residues sensing metabolic variation. During fuel restriction, these features license the formation of large heterotypic condensates that buffer proton excess, and shift viscoelasticity for condensate endurance. This mechanism maintains physiological pH, reduces pH-resilient inflammatory gene programs, and enables genome plasticity through transcriptionally driven cell-specific chromatin contacts. In vivo manipulation of this circuit promotes fasting-like adaptations with heterotypic nuclear compartments, metabolic and cell-specific homeostasis. In sum, we uncover here a general principle by which transcription uses environmental fluctuations for genome function, and demonstrate how resource conservation optimizes transcriptional self-organization through robust feedback integrators, highlighting obesity as an inhibitor of genome plasticity relevant for many diseases.
Tracking Forest Loss and Fragmentation During 1930–2020 in Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus) Habitats in Nepal
Authors: Ram Ashok Kumar , Yadav Nabin Kumar , Kandel Pem Narayan , Mondol Samrat , Pandav Bivash , Natarajan Lakshminarayanan , Subedi Naresh , Naha Dipanjan , Reddy C. Sudhakar , Lamichhane Babu Ram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forest cover is the primary determinant of elephant distribution, thus, understanding forest loss and fragmentation is crucial for elephant conservation. We assessed deforestation and patterns of forest fragmentation during 1930–2020 in Chure Terai Madhesh Lanscape (CTML) which covers the entire elephant range in Nepal. Forest cover maps and fragmentation matrices were generated using multi-source data (Topographic maps and Landsat images of 1930, 1975, 2000, and 2020) and spatiotemporal changes was quantified. Forest cover within the elephant range was 19,069 km2. Overall, 21.5% of elephant habitat was lost between 1930 to 2020, with a larger (12.3%) forest cover loss between 1930 & 1975. Area of the large forests (Core 3) in CTML has decreased by 43.08% whereas smaller patches (Core 2, Core 1, edge and patch forests) has increased multifold during 1930–2020. The continued habitat loss and fragmentation probably fragmented elephant populations during the last century and made them insular with long-term ramifications for elephant conservation and human-elephant conflict. Given the substantial loss in forest cover and high levels of fragmentation, improving the resilience of elephant habitats in Nepal would urgently require habitat and corridor restoration to enable the movement of elephants.
Investigation and Mapping of Geological Construction Materials in Parts of Chemoga River Sub Basin, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Authors: Zewdie Mulusew Minuyelet , Asmare Dawit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The present research was carried out in the Chemoga river sub basin in the Southern direction of Debre Markos town, North Western Ethiopia. The objective of the research was to investigate and map the geological construction materials following Chemoga river sub basin. To meet out the objectives of the present study, systematic and extensive field work was conducted. To detect the different lithologic formations and the contacts, surface exploration through selected travel lines was carried out and representative rock samples were collected for visual interpretations. Meter was used to quantify stratigraphic successions and the bedding thickness of the strata. Besides of this, literature review was undertaken to have a general background on the subject matter.In this study the potential and the spatial distribution of geomaterials are investigated and revealed on the map using mostly ArcGIS software. Hence, Basalt, Sandstone and Chert are the dominant lithogical units in the study area. Basaltic, Sandstone and Chert unit have existed with an average thickness of 115 m, 145 m and 30 m respectively. Basalt exposure is easily accessible, workable and the most dominant lithologic units in the study area. Moreover, sandstone unit has well exposed in a desirable potential and quality. Geometrically it forms, mostly steep rock faces which are difficult for quarrying process. Generally, a sandstone rock unit is surrounded by three major normal faults and inaccessible as compared to basalt unit. Chert is exposed on geographically limited area and rarely observed following stream cuts. Chert and basalt units are slightly to highly weathered and showed alterations on the surface. Finally, on the basis of the findings of the present research, recommendations are forwarded.
Optical Coherence Tomography Applied to Non-Destructive Seed Coat Thickness Measurement
Authors: Nguyen Brandon D , Bett Kirstin E , Noble Scott David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Seed coat thickness is a parameter of interest in lentil breeding and processing. Methods described in the literature are destructive and time consuming, limiting the usefulness of this seed characteristic in breeding or grading. In this study, a low-cost optical coherence tomography (OCT) system (OQ Labscope 2.0 from Lumedica, Inc., Durham, NC USA) was used to non-destructively measure lentil seed coat thicknesses. These measurements were compared to destructive measurements obtained via optical microscopy of cross-sectioned seeds. Results: Measurements from the two methods were comparable with consistent trends in thickness and population separability among the five lentil accessions used. The average microscope-based measurements for each accession were higher than those from the OCT, with a linear relationship between the two sets of measurements. The discrepancy in absolute thicknesses is attributed to differences in instrument calibration and in the definition of seed coat boundaries in the two methods. Based on data collected from a larger population, OCT measurements took a mean time of 30 seconds/seed, and a median time of 16 seconds/seed, with no sample preparation required. Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography is a viable method for acquiring comparative data on seed coat thickness of lentil seeds, and presumably other species with similar seed characteristics. The method is non-destructive, and fast enough to be practical for studying large breeding populations. Opportunities for greater efficiencies as part of an automated imaging system are being explored.
Novel Medical Image Cryptogram Technology Based on Segmentation and DNA Encoding
Authors: Xie Hongwei , Zhang Yuzhou , Zhang Hao , Li Zhenyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel medical image encryption method based on fast and robust fuzzy C-means clustering image segmentation method and deoxyribonucleic acid encoding. Firstly, the plain medical image is split to interested pixels and uninterested pixels, respectively. Then, the uninterested 0-value pixels are abandoned to reduce the pixels in encryption. Secondly, for the interested pixels, some low-value pixels are also discarded by image segmentation to further reduce the encryption time. Thirdly, a 4-dimensional hyperchaotic system is utilized to process the main pixels of medical image with deoxyribonucleic acid encoding. Finally, lossless encryption and fast encryption are done for different purposes and security analysis shows that the encryption method is robust and secure to resist various attacks.
Alterations in the Expression Levels of miR-9-5p and miR-4467 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Jin Mengdi , Zhu Xiaojing , Sun Yaoyao , Li Zhijun , Li Xinwei , He Yang , Liu Yane , Jia Ningning , Hu Guoyan , Cui Xingyao , Yu Qiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients largely rely on abnormal behavior and mental state examination, which is inevitably subjective and susceptible. Finding more stable and objective biomarkers has always been the vision of scholars. In this study, we aim to validate peripheral blood miRNA as potential biomarkers for patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We performed high-throughput sequencing analysis and screened 138 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the peripheral blood in a test cohort (15 FES patients and 15 healthy controls), followed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in miR-9-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-328-3p, and miR-4467 in a validation cohort (35 FES patients and 60 healthy controls), compared with healthy controls, miR-9-5p of FES patients was significantly down-regulated, and miR-4467 was up-regulated. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrated that miR-4467 had a better diagnostic value than miR-9-5p. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the potential target genes of miR-9-5p and miR-4467 mainly involved in the regulation of body behavior, neuronal differentiation, and nervous system development, and enriched in Neurotrophin, MAPK, and phosphatidylinositol signaling systems. The protein interaction assay identified NEDD4, EIF4G1, FBXL16, FBXL3, etc. as the hub target genes. Summarily, our data suggested the expression of miR-9-5p and miR-4467 in peripheral blood might serve as promising biomarkers for FES patients, and might involve in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia by regulating gene modules related to neurodevelopment and neuroprotective.
Comparison of Pretic-I Versus Discover Disc Arthroplasty As Treatment for Single-level Cervical Disc Degenerative Disease With 5-year Follow-up
Authors: Guo Yingjun , Liu Hao , Xu Jianzhong , Deng Yuxiao , Tao Xiaoliang , Meng Yang , Wang Xiaofei , Hong Ying , Wang Beiyu , Ding Chen , Wu Wenjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The newly designed cervical disc prosthesis, Pretic-I, had been finished its limited clinical use for over 5 years. At a short-term follow-up of 2 years, we obtained satisfactory clinical results. The long-term clinical efficacy and safety of Pretic-I will now be analyzed. Methods: Peri-operative parameters included intra-operative blood loss, operation time, off-bed time. Clinical parameters included visual analogue scale (VAS) for arm and neck, neck disability index (NDI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Radiological parameters included C2-7 Cobb angle, Shell angle, and the range of motion (ROM) of C2-7, functional segment unit (FSU), and adjacent FSU. The CDA-related complications included adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg), adjacent segment disease (ASDis) , heterotopic ossification (HO), prosthesis subsidence, prosthesis displacement, and dysphagia.Results: A total 64 patients from two independent centers received a single-level CDA with Discover (n=32) and Pretic-I (n=32), and all of patients finished a 5-year follow-up. There’re no significant differences between two groups in peri-operative parameters. The clinical parameters improved greatly in Pretic-I group (p＜0.0001), and there’s no statistical difference from Discover group. Furthermore, Pretic-I could slightly improve the cervical curvature (15.08±11.75 to 18.00±10.61, p=0.3079) and perfectly maintain the Shell angle (3.03±3.68 to 2.23±4.10, p=0.1988), cervical ROM (52.48±14.31 to 53.30±11.71, p=0.8062) and FSU ROM (12.20±4.52 to 10.73±4.45, p=0.2002). The incidence of high-grade HO (Grade III-IV) at the final follow-up was significantly lower in Pretic-I group than in Discover group (12.50% vs. 34.38%, p=0.0389, Statistical Power=95.36%). The incidences of other CDA-related complications in Pretic-I group were also well-accepted, comparable to the Discover group, without significant differences.Conclusion: CDA with Pretic-I demonstrated a well-accepted and sustained clinical outcome, with a significantly lower incidence of high-grade HO. This newly designed prosthesis is expected to become an alternative choice for cervical disc prosthesis in the future.
Magnetoencephalography-detected Phase-amplitude Coupling in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Tanaka Masataka , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Fukuma Ryohei , Tani Naoki , Oshino Satoru , Mihara Masahito , Hattori Noriaki , Kajiyama Yuta , Hashimoto Ryota , Ikeda Manabu , Mochizuki Hideki , Kishima Haruhiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To characterize Parkinson disease, abnormal phase-amplitude coupling is assessed in the cortico-basal circuit using invasive recordings. Whether the same phenomenon might be found in areas other than the cortico-basal ganglia circuit is unknown. We hypothesized that using magnetoencephalography to assess phase-amplitude coupling in the whole brain can characterize Parkinson disease. We recorded resting-state magnetoencephalographic signals in patients with Parkinson disease and in healthy age- and sex-matched participants. We compared the whole-brain signals from the two groups, evaluating the power spectra of 3 frequency bands (alpha, 8–12 Hz; beta, 13–25 Hz; gamma, 50–100 Hz) and the coupling between the gamma amplitude and the alpha or beta phases. Compared with the healthy participants, the patients with Parkinson disease showed significant beta–gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the sensorimotor, occipital, and temporal cortices. In contrast, the two groups showed no significant difference in their resting-state powers. Further, in a resting state, the beta–gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the sensorimotor cortices correlated significantly with motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (P < 0.05); the beta-band power did not. We thus demonstrated that beta–gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the resting state characterizes Parkinson disease.