bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Wolf-Pack Case and the Reform of Sex Crimes in Spain
Authors: Faraldo-Cabana Patricia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe controversial trial of five men accused of gang-raping a young woman during the 2016 San Fermín festival and their conviction not for rape, but for a lesser crime of sexual abuse in 2018, known as La Manada (the Wolf-Pack) case, brought the Spanish law under intense public scrutiny. The case led to an outpouring of protests across the country and called for the urgent reform of rape laws, which then led to the drafting of new provisions to address the outcry. To set the analysis in the context of feminist activism, this Article is organized around the hashtags used during the protests. Accordingly, this Article examines three aspects of considerable debate: Namely the distinction between sexual abuse and rape (“it’s not abuse, it’s rape!”), the murky legal understanding of consent (“only yes is yes”), and the introduction of the gender perspective in the legal system (“sister, I believe you”). By addressing these issues, this Article demonstrates the pervasive influence of feminism over recent Spanish law-making, and the continued resistance which such efforts meet. This Article concludes by scrutinizing this effect and examining the conditions under which a civil society network may succeed in challenging socially outdated legal provisions.
Sexual Violence in the Digital Age: A Criminal Law Conundrum?
Authors: Jurasz Olga , Barker Kim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe emergence of new interactions, notably those online, has led to the parallel development of criminal behaviors—not all of which are captured by the current legal framework. This article addresses the challenge posed to criminal law by the emergence of technologically facilitated violence, specifically its sexualized online forms. In particular, it argues for cautious yet specific criminalization of violent behaviors online whilst considering the broader criminal liabilities of all actors involved in the facilitation and perpetration of digital sexual violence. This article draws upon national—contentious—examples of attempts to regulate disruptive sexual violence perpetrated through digital means, with particular attention given to provisions in the UK, Germany, and France.
Sexual Violence and Criminal Justice in the 21st Century
Authors: Burghardt Boris , Steinl Leonie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, no area of criminal law has received more public attention than the laws on sexual violence. Discussions about the need for reforms have exhibited a mobilizing force extending far beyond the legal community. From a legal perspective, these discussions concern intricate normative questions regarding the content of the right to sexual autonomy and the suitability of the consent paradigm to establish the limitations of its protection under criminal law. At the same time, they ultimately concern the question of gender-related societal power hierarchies. Acknowledging these broader socio-political dimensions allows us to comprehend the highly contentious manner in which this debate is often conducted. This Special Issue attempts to analyze from a transnational perspective both the fundamental legal and socio-political questions in the current discussions on sexual violence and criminal justice. A recurring theme is the question as to whether criminal law can be used not only as an instrument of repressive social control, but also as a means of power-critical – even emancipatory – social policy.
Victims’ Rights Looking Good on Paper — How Criminal Prosecution in Germany Fails Victims of Sexual Violence
Authors: Wolf Anne-Katrin , Werner Maja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhether in Germany or abroad, victims of sexual violence typically played only a minor part in criminal proceedings, serving primarily as witnesses due to the widespread public and objective nature of the trial.1 This led to victim disempowerment and a paternalistic method of State protection of victims.2 During the last decades, this perception underwent major changes in European legal systems, owing to a rising awareness of victim’s needs, especially in cases of sexual violence.3 International and European conventions and treaties played a major role4 by establishing an international regulatory framework. To implement those international standards, domestic criminal laws have changed significantly on both substantive and procedural levels. Today, Germany’s criminal procedure law contains many mechanisms for protecting victims. Nevertheless, in cases of sexual violence, the implementation of these mechanisms in criminal proceedings leaves much to desire due to the affect of gender stereotypes and rape myths. This Article argues that in these cases the law in action ultimately fails to meet international requirements.
Dietary and serum vitamin D and preeclampsia risk in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case–control study
Authors: Huang Xue-Min , Liu Yan-Hua , Zhang Han , Cao Yuan , Dou Wei-Feng , Duan Dan-Dan , Chen Hua-Nan , Bo Yacong , Amoah Adwoa N. , Fu Wen-Jun , Zhao Xian-Lan , Zeng Fang-Fang , Chen Yu-Ming , Lyu Quan-Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of vitamin D (VD) on the risk of preeclampsia (PE) is uncertain. Few of previous studies focused on the relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk. Therefore, we conducted this 1:1 matched case–control study to explore the association of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk in Chinese pregnant women. A total of 440 pairs of participants were recruited during March 2016 to June 2019. Dietary information was obtained using a seventy-eight-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem MS. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were plotted to evaluate the dose–response relationship of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk. Compared with the lowest quartile, the OR of the highest quartile were 0·45 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·71, Ptrend = 0·001) for VD dietary intake and 0·26 (95 % CI 0·11, 0·60, Ptrend = 0·003) for serum levels after adjusting for confounders. In addition, the RCS analysis suggested a reverse J-shaped relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0·02). A similar association was also found between serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0·02). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that higher dietary intake and serum levels of VD are associated with the lower risk of PE in Chinese pregnant women.
Qu'est-ce qu'un constructiviste peut dire sur la question animale — ou toute autre question normative, d'ailleurs ?
Authors: Soucy Guillaume 
Published: August 2021

RésuméDansFellow creatures, Christine Korsgaard soutient que les êtres humains auraient l'obligation morale de traiter les animaux sensibles comme des fins en soi. Cependant, cet article tente de démontrer que la méthode korsgaardienne dépasse ce que permet une théorie constructiviste conséquente et soutient que nous devrions opter pour une version humienne plutôt que kantienne du constructivisme. Selon moi, une telle conception permet tout à fait de soutenir des positions éthiques substantielles sur la question animale sans avoir à compromettre ses engagements ontologiques.
Contested Numbers: Census Controversies and the Press in 1960s Nigeria
Authors: Serra Gerardo , Jerven Morten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article reconstructs the controversies following the release of the figures from Nigeria's 1963 population census. As the basis for the allocation of seats in the federal parliament and for the distribution of resources, the census is a valuable entry point into postcolonial Nigeria's political culture. After presenting an overview of how the Africanist literature has conceptualized the politics of population counting, the article analyses the role of the press in constructing the meaning and implications of the 1963 count. In contrast with the literature's emphasis on identification, categorization, and enumeration, our focus is on how the census results informed a broader range of visual and textual narratives. It is argued that analysing the multiple ways in which demographic sources shape debates about trust, identity, and the state in the public sphere results in a richer understanding of the politics of counting people and narrows the gap between demographic and cultural history.
Intestinal parasites in Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii): a field survey at the Hortobágy National Park, Hungary
Authors: Jota Baptista C. , Sós E. , Szabados T. , Kerekes V. , Madeira de Carvalho L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Pentezug Wildhorse Reserve, located in the Hortobágy National Park, Hungary, has one of the biggest ex situ populations of Przewalski's horses and aims to preserve its landscape and to study this subspecies. Between September and November 2018, 79 faecal samples were collected from Przewalski's horses. The McMaster, Willis flotation, natural sedimentation and coproculture methods were applied to all the samples. Results showed an average level of 1287 eggs per gram (EPG), which is a high faecal egg-shedding level. All the samples were positive for strongyle-type eggs (100%). There were no statistical differences regarding the EPG values between different harems of the population. The same happened when considering sexes, ages, lactating status or when bachelors are compared with harem members. Cyathostominae were dominant, when compared to Strongylinae and Tricostrongylidae, and 15 different morphological infective third-stage larvae types and/or species belonging to the order Strongylida were identified. The subfamily Cyathostominae was prevalent in 100% of the horses. Strongylus vulgaris was the most prevalent strongylin (40.5%). Additionally, 27.8% were positive for Parascaris sp. and 2.5% showed Oxyuris equi in their faeces. This study revealed that there is a higher prevalence of Triodontophorus serratus and Poteriostomum spp. in juveniles. Horses with S. vulgaris showed lower levels of EPG. This was the first study involving this population, showing 100% prevalence of intestinal parasites.
Leukogram and cortisol parameters in Swiss mice experimentally infected withAngiostrongylus costaricensis
Authors: Benvegnú E. , Hermes C.C. , Guizzo J.A. , Soares S.M. , Costa M.M. , Rodriguez R. , Frandoloso R. , Vieira M.I.B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study describes changes in haematological parameters, cytokine profile, histopathology and cortisol levels in Swiss mice experimentally infected withAngiostrongylus costaricensis. Twenty-eight Swiss mice were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) of 14 animals each. In each group, eight animals were infected orally with ten third-stage larvae ofA.costaricensisand six were used as a control group. The mice of groups G1 and G2 were sacrificed 14 and 24 days after infection, respectively. Samples were collected for histopathological and haematological analyses and determination of the cytokine profile and cortisol levels. Granulomatous reaction, eosinophilic infiltrate and vasculitis in the intestinal tract, pancreas, liver and spleen were observed with varying intensity in infected animals. Our results showed that the mice developed normocytic and hypochromic anaemia, and that the histopathological lesions caused by the experimental infection influenced increases in cortisol, neutrophil and monocyte levels. In addition to this, we detected increased interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha levels in the infected animals.
Oppy on Thomistic cosmological arguments
Authors: FESER EDWARD 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGraham Oppy has criticized several Thomistic versions of the cosmological argument in a series of publications over the years, most recently in aReligious Studiesarticle responding to my bookFive Proofs of the Existence of God. Here I reply to his criticisms, arguing that while Oppy raises important issues, a besetting weakness of his approach is a failure adequately to grapple with the metaphysical underpinnings of the arguments.
The Psychosocial Impact of Compounding Humanitarian Crises Caused by War and COVID-19 Informing Future Disaster Response
Authors: Harutyunyan Hakob , Mukhaelyan Artak , Hertelendy Attila J. , Voskanyan Amalia , Benham Todd , Issa Fadi , Hart Alex , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the greatest global loss of life and economic impact due to a respiratory virus since the 1918 influenza pandemic. While health care systems around the world faced the enormous challenges of managing COVID-19 patients, health care workers in the Republic of Armenia were further tasked with caring for the surge of casualties from a concurrent, large-scale war. These compounding events put a much greater strain on the health care system, creating a complex humanitarian crisis that resulted in significant psychosocial consequences for health care workers in Armenia.
Inclusive Assessment of Class Participation: Students’ Takeaways as a One-Minute Paper
Authors: Levin-Banchik Luba 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBuilding on the concept of a one-minute paper, I suggest students’ takeaways as a simple technique for inclusive assessment of participation in a classroom. Acknowledging cultural and language barriers, the takeaways technique allows an instructor to grade participation not by observing the frequency of spoken comments but instead by the quality of written comments in students’ one-point takeaway memos completed at the end of each class. In this way, all students have an equal chance to be appraised for their participation, indicated by being attentive in class. This article surveys the scholarship on one-minute papers and participation grading in political science, outlines takeaway procedures, and discusses how to adjust this technique for face-to-face and online learning environments. I suggest that takeaways ensure transparency in grading participation, enable equal opportunities to participate, encourage students’ attentiveness, and create a communication channel for the exchange of immediate feedback between a professor and students.
100 days outcome of severe wasting in hospitalised infants <6 months of age
Authors: Patel Jai Prakash , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Shah Dheeraj , Gupta Piyush 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the outcome of severe wasting in infants below 6 months of age.Design:A prospective observational study conducted between January 2017 and October 2018.Setting:A medical college-affiliated hospital in Eastern Delhi, catering mainly to the urban poor population.Participants:All children with severe wasting (weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ) < −3 sd) between 1 and 6 months of age, requiring hospitalisation.Results:Out of fifty children enrolled, during hospitalisation, forty-two (84 %) recovered (WLZ > −3 sd) and discharged; the median (interquartile range (IQR)) duration of stay was 9·5 (6·5, 13·0) d. After 100 d of enrolment, sustained cure (WLZ > −2 SD) could be achieved in only fifteen (30 %) infants, while another fourteen (28 %) recovered from severe wasting, but remained in moderately wasted state (WLZ between −2 and −3 sd). Overall, there were three (6 %) deaths (all during first week of hospitalisation); three (6 %) relapses and fifteen (30 %) defaulters (5, 5, 2, 1 and 2 defaulted during hospitalisation at day 15, day 60, day 75 and day 90, respectively).Conclusions:The overall recovery rate from severe wasting in infants below 6 months of age was below the acceptable levels. In order to achieve better long-term outcome, community linkage services after discharge from hospital are required for supervised feeding, close monitoring and supportive care.
Quaternary Reelfoot Fault Deformation in the Obion River Valley, Tennessee, USA
Authors: Delano Jaime E. , Briggs Richard W. , Thompson Jobe Jessica , Gold Ryan D. , Engelhart Simon E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBlind reverse faults are challenging to detect, and earthquake records can be elusive because deep fault slip does not break the surface along readily recognized scarps. The blind Reelfoot fault in the New Madrid seismic zone in the central United States has been the subject of extensive prior investigation; however, the extent of slip at the southern portion of the fault remains unconstrained. In this study, we use lidar to map terraces and lacustrine landforms in the Obion River valley and investigate apparent broad folding resulting from slip on the buried Reelfoot fault. We compare remote surface mapping results with three auger boreholes in the ∼24 ka Finley terrace and interpret apparent warping as due to tectonic folding and not stratigraphic thickening. We combine our results with historical records of coseismic lake formation that indicate surface deformation dammed the Obion River in the 1812 CE earthquake. Older terraces (deposited at least 35–55 ka) record progressive fold scarps ≥1, ≥2, and ≥8 m high indicating a long record of earthquakes predating the existing paleoseismic record. Broad, distributed folding above the Reelfoot fault into the Obion River valley is consistent with a deep active fault tip along the southern reaches of the fault. Our analyses indicate the entire length of the fault (≥70 km) is capable of rupture and is more consistent with longer rupture scenarios.
Accelerated Sea‐Level Rise Limits Vegetation Capacity to Sequester Soil Carbon in Coastal Wetlands: A Study Case in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Sandi S. G. , Rodriguez J. F. , Saco P. M. , Saintilan N. , Riccardi G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEstimates of global carbon stocks in coastal wetlands reveal that these are some of the most efficient carbon‐sequestering environments in the world, which has prompted a renewed interest in conservation and restoration programs as an opportunity for greenhouse gas abatement. Accumulation of carbon in coastal wetlands is linked to diverse factors such as the type of vegetation, geomorphic setting, and sediment supply. Feedbacks between these factors and the tidal flow conditions drive the dynamics of carbon accumulation rates. Climate change‐induced sea‐level rise has been shown to increase the vulnerability to submergence of saltmarsh and mangroves in coastal wetlands, even if accommodation and landward colonization are possible. These potential losses of wetland vegetation combined with the reduced productivity of newly colonized areas will directly affect the capacity of the wetlands to sequester carbon from sediments and root growth. Here, we implement an eco‐geomorphic model to simulate vegetation dynamics, soil carbon accumulation, and changes in soil carbon stock for a restored mangrove‐saltmarsh wetland experiencing accelerated sea‐level rise. We evaluate model outcomes for existing conditions and two different management scenarios aimed at mitigating sea‐level rise effects and conserve wetland vegetation. Even though some management measures can result in partial conservation of wetland vegetation, they do not necessarily result in the best option for soil carbon capture. Our results suggest that accelerated sea‐level can trigger accelerated wetland colonization resulting in wetland areas with limited opportunities for soil carbon capture from sediment and root mineralization, an issue that has not been considered in previous studies.
Long‐Term Disconnect Between Nutrient Inputs and Riverine Exports in a Semi‐Arid, Agricultural Watershed: Yakima River Basin 1945–2012
Authors: Grieger S. R. , Harrison J. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNutrient budgets are useful tools in addressing impaired water quality from increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs to watersheds. Long term analyses can identify temporal ecological responses to past nutrient management strategies. Multidecadal watershed analyses of nutrient dynamics traditionally have been limited to large humid or mesic river basins focused primarily on a single nutrient (N or P). Here we present a long term, dual N and P input‐output budget for the agriculturally rich Yakima River Basin (YRB) located in the semi‐arid western U.S. We quantified N and P terrestrial inputs from 1945 to 2012 using past agricultural and water quality data to investigate interactions between water flow and N and P exports in the YRB. Between 1945 and 2012, N and P inputs to agricultural lands increased by over 18 and 10‐fold, respectively, with synthetic fertilizer accounting for the majority of input increases. While such increases in nutrient inputs were comparable to other U.S. basins, observed riverine N and P export did not significantly increase over time. Rather, we found that since the mid‐1970s both N and P loads and concentrations in the Yakima River have decreased, indicating a temporal disconnect between nutrient inputs and riverine exports in the YRB. This disconnect highlights a need to further investigate nutrient dynamics at local scales in semi‐arid watersheds. Our analysis raises questions about long‐term N and P retention in the YRB and potential impacts on future water quality across the western US.
A Disaggregation‐Emulation Approach for Optimization of Large Urban Drainage Systems
Authors: Seyedashraf Omid , Bottacin‐Busolin Andrea , Harou Julien J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMulti‐objective optimization can help identify efficient and appealing designs of urban drainage systems. However, their application to large‐scale problems is hindered by the computational cost of urban drainage simulation. We propose a novel disaggregation approach that allows simulating a portion of a drainage network while the remaining part is represented by a surrogate model that maps changes in the region of interest to hydraulic head time‐series at synthetic nodes shared with the remaining part of the network. The proposed approach is demonstrated with an application to the many‐objective optimization of sustainable urban drainage systems in two urban areas. The design problem's decision variables include the types of sustainable drainage systems, their combination within a subcatchment, their surface areas and spatial distribution, whereas the objectives include the minimization of capital cost, flood volume, flood duration, and total suspended solids or average peak runoff. The results show that the proposed disaggregation‐emulation approach can provide an accurate representation of the system dynamics while significantly reducing the computational time compared to a model that simulates the whole network dynamics. Two alternative surrogate models are considered based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and generalized regression neural networks (GRNN). MLP is found to be more accurate compared to GRNN at the cost of a larger computational time for the training process.