bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Telepharmacy To Support Patients Using Oral Antineoplastic Agents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wergles Cristiane Soares Cardozo , Guilarducci Carla Valéria Vieira , Fernandez Cecília de Souza , Calil-Elias Sabrina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study aims to use teleconsultation to perform pharmaceutical consultations with patients using oral antineoplastic agents, to identify their profile, and carry out activities to support the correct treatment.Methods The telepharmacy flowchart was designed considering the steps of a pharmaceutical consultation. A pilot study was carried out with 66 patients from a military hospital, who had been using oral antineoplastic agents for at least 3 months. Adherence was measured using a self-report semi-structured survey, medication possession ratio (MPR), and the proportion of days covered (PDC). The interventions were carried out through structured phone calls. Results Sixty-seven percent were male, and 33% were aged 65 to 75 years. According to the survey, 16 patients adhered to the oral antineoplastic agent. Based on MPR and PDC, 53 and 52 patients showed good persistence, respectively. When all methods were applied together, 9 patients were adherent. On average, each patient regularly uses 4.73 medicines. Most patients (83 %) reported adverse effects during treatment. Five hundred eighty-one pharmaceutical interventions were carried out, most of them corrective (29%) and related to the correct drug administration technique (29 %).Conclusions The proposed tool helped establish good communication with patients, obtain desired data, and carry out relevant interventions. However, it is necessary to carry out further consultations to verify whether the patients were able to apply the suggested recommendations in practice.
Termite Occurrence And Damage Assessment In Urban Trees From Different Parks Of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Rasib Khalid Zamir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Termite infestation is one of the fundamental problems associated with the loss of urban trees and ecological services. However, no such study has been performed in Pakistan to investigate the termite occurrence and assess such damages to urban trees caused by termites. For Lahore, research and comparable data on urban tree damages are rare or missing. This study surveyed six different microhabitats, including Bagh-e-Jinnah, Canal vegetation, Model Town Park, Jallo forestry, Race-course Park, and F.C. College vegetation employing three belt transects (100×5 m) method. We geo-referenced termite infested trees to investigate the termite occurrence on living and dead standing trees, termite diversity and assess the tree damage by termites' attack. We recorded four termite species (Odontotermes obesus, Coptotermes heimi, Heterotermes indicola, and Microtermes obesi) representing two families (Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae). However, the diversity indices result revealed that O. obesus (higher termite) and C. heimi (lower termite) were dominant and key species with 46.60 and 36% of occurrence among observed trees, respectively. Kernel density function indicated that the Lahore Canal and Bagh-e-Jinnah plantation shared all four termites' infestation evenly compared to other study sites. We observed the maximum number of damaged trees by termites in canal plantations with the most damaged exotic tree species Populus euramericana along the canal green belt.Additionally, we observed significant (P < 0.05) termite-tree interactions with exotic, living, and dead standing tree species and found termite colony size positively (R = 0.985) correlated with the tree trunk diameter up to breast height DBH. The average population of termites per unit volume of deadwood log was (0.39/cm3) within all plantations-sites. In conclusion, this study provides simple, reckless, and inexpensive knowledge about the assessment of termite damage of trees, which may give a better idea in making decisions on tree selection and management in urban ecosystems.
Nanoindentation Characterization of Single-Crystal Silicon With Oxide Film
Authors: Yin Lianmin , Dai Yifan , Hu Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to obtain ultra-smooth surfaces of single-crystal silicon in ultra-precision machining, an accurate study of the deformation mechanism, mechanical properties, and the effect of oxide film under load is required. The mechanical properties of single-crystal silicon and the phase transition after nanoindentation experiments are investigated by nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. It is found that pop-in events appear in the theoretical elastic domain of single-crystal silicon due to the presence of oxide films, which directly leads the single crystal silicon from the elastic deformation zone into the plastic deformation zone. In addition, the mechanical properties of single-crystal silicon are more accurately measured after it has entered the full plastic deformation.
Total Endoscopic Left Ventricle Lipoma Removal: A Case Report
Authors: Langenaeken Tom , Yilmaz Alaaddin , Basoglu Aydin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Left ventricle (LV) lipoma is a very rare, benign cardiac tumor. Due to its rarity, LV lipoma is often misdiagnosed. Aspecific symptoms such as murmurs, arrhythmias, memory loss and palpitation may occur due to the mass effect. Case presentation: We report a case report of a 42 year old woman who was found to have left ventricle mass after check-up for arrhytmia. By a fully endoscopic approach, the mass was successfully resected from the left ventricle without the need for sternotomy. Conclusion: Total endoscopic removal of left ventricle lipoma’s can be done safely and has several advantages to conventional sternotomy. Larger studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients With Haemophilia - A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Northeast of China
Authors: Niu Jinyu , Ning Liangwen , Zhang Qiao , Liu Ze , Ma Yi , Xu Xiaoxue , Wu Qunhong , Hao Yanhua , Cui Yu , Liu Chaojie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Haemophilia is a hereditary, chronic, and hemorrhagic disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factors. Long-term spontaneous bleeding of joints and soft tissues can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life of patients with haemophilia and associated factors. Methods: A snowball sampling strategy was adopted to select study participants. Eligible participants were those who were 18 years or older and had mild, moderate or severe haemophilia. They were asked to self-complete a questionnaire, collecting data regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, target joint status, and health related quality of life measured by the EQ-5D-5L. Results: The respondents reported a mean EQ-5D utility score of 0.51 (SD=0.34). Those with severe haemophilia had a lower utility score than those with mild/moderate haemophilia (0.46±0.37 vs 0.56±0.30, p =0.737). The linear regression analyses showed that older age (>25 years), two or more target joints, not working, low levels of knowledge of the disease, and borrowing money to pay for medical treatments were associated with lower EQ-5D utility scores . Conclusion: Low health related quality of life of haemophilia patients is evident in China. Social support needs to be strengthened to address this issue.
Independent Associations of Thyroid-Related Hormones with Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Euthyroid Overweight/Obese Chinese Adults
Authors: Ma Danyan , Zeng Jinyang , Huang Bingkun , Yan Fangfang , Ye Jiawen , Chen Yun , Zeng Xiying , Zheng Xin , Xiao Fangsen , Lin Mingzhu , Liu Changqin , Li Zhibin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the independent association of free triodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 88 overweight/obese adults who underwent anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)), hepatic steatosis assessment (FibroScan) and thyroid-related hormones tests was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Xiamen, China.Results: Subjects with increasing tertiles of FT3 showed significantly higher levels of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ((295.4±44.1, 290.1 ± 68.2 and 331.7 ± 43.6 (dB/m) for tertile 1-3, respectively, p=0.007) and fatty liver index (FLI) score (47.7 (33.9-60.8), 61.5 (45.1-88.9) and 90.5 (84.5-94.8), respectively, p<0.001). FT3 significantly and positively correlated with obesity index (BMI, WC, and WHtR), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hepatic steatosis (CAP and FLI). Multivariable linear regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounding factors showed FT3 was independently associated with BMI (regression coefficient (β(95%CI): 0.024(0.004-0.043), p=0.020), HOMA-IR (β(95%CI): 0.091(0.007-0.174), p=0.034), CAP (β(95%CI): 25.45(2.59-48.31), p=0.030) and FLI (β(95%CI): 0.121(0.049-0.194), p=0.001). Neither FT4 nor TSH was significantly associated with any indicators of obesity, insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis.Conclusions: Increased FT3, but not FT4 or TSH, was independently associated with higher risks of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults.Trial registration: Registration is not applicable for our study.
Identification of hidden N4-like viruses and their interactions with hosts in global metagenomes
Authors: Zheng Kaiyang , Liang Yantao , Paez-Espino David , Huang Sijun , Zou Xiao , Gao Chen , Jiang Yong , He Hui , Guo Cui , Shao Hongbing , Wang Hualong , Sung Yeong-Yik , Mok Wen-Jye , Wong Li-Lian , Zhang Yuzhong , Tian Jiwei , Jiao Nianzhi , Suttle Curtis A. , He Jianfeng , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: N4-like viruses, with specific genomic features and propagation signatures, comprise a unique viral clade within the Podoviridae family. N4-like viruses are commonly characterized by the N4-like major capsid protein (MCP) and a giant virion-encapsulated RNA polymerase (N4-like RNAP) with a size of approximately 3,500-aa, which is the largest viral protein so far described. To date, our understanding of N4-like viruses is largely derived from 80 viral isolates that infect bacteria. Thus, it is necessary to expand the diversity of N4-like viruses in culturing-independent methods.Methods: A Hidden-Markov-Module based method was designed based on two characterized N4-specific marker genes, major capsid protein and N4-like virion-encapsulated RNA polymerase. Viral sub-clades were classified based on the monophyly presented in phylogenic tree and the results of pangenome analysis. Further analysis assessed different distribution patterns, genomic properties, hosts’ metabolism reprogramming potentialities, significance of viral tRNA and horizontal gene transfer landscape.Results: We identified 1,000 N4-like virus sequences from genomes and metagenomes representing diverse habitats from around the world. N4-like viruses have been classified into 27 sub-clades and detected in almost all habitats from pole to pole, including some novel habitats, such as oral mucosa and Antarctica. Virulent factors might be crucial for some human-associated N4-like viruses to reprogram the metabolism of host cells and mediate their pathogenic ability through horizontal gene transfer. From the pangenome analysis, the protein diversity was expended over 7-fold and 17 conserved house-keeping genes were identified. Transcriptional compensation of tRNA indicates that producing progeny virion might be the main significance of viral tRNAs. From the horizontal gene transfer network, some N4-like viral sub-clades were observed that potentially infect some important human pathogens, such as Campylobacteria and Veillonella , which have not been considered as potential hosts of N4-like virus or even any virus.Conclusion: This study expands the knowledge of N4-like viruses via global metagenomic datasets, reveals the novel ecological and genomic signatures of these viruses and will provide the backbone for further N4-like virus studies.
Degradation of Polyfurfuryl Alcohol-based Biopolymer by Soil-burial and Photo-degradation Methods
Authors: Singh Priyaragini , Kumar K. Dinesh , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) based material has been gaining attention. Despite its use as an intermediate in various industries, the degradation process of PFA has rarely been reported. In this study, neat PFA (PF) and polylactic acid (PLA) incorporated PFA (PF-PL) based thermoset biopolymers were prepared by casting method. The degradation of the prepared biopolymer specimens was carried out under environmental conditions via soil-burial test and photo-degradation method for 21-months. The extent of degradation of PF and PF-PL was assessed by evaluating weight loss, structural and morphological change by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Weight loss percentage in case of photo-degraded samples was found to be much higher compared to soil buried specimens. SEM micrographs showed a blistered surface with visible cracks on the surface of soil buried and photo-degraded samples. FTIR spectra of photo-degraded samples showed a new peak at 673 cm-1 indicating the furan ring opening during the degradation process. Significant variation in mechanical properties of PF and PF-PL specimens after soil-burial test also indicated biodegradable nature of the biopolymers. Approximately 45% and 63% of loss in tensile strength was obtained in PF and PF-PL soil buried specimens, respectively. All the obtained data revealed the fragmentation of biopolymers, hence supporting the biodegradable nature of PFA-based biopolymer.
Caregiver Perspective on The Initial Signs and Symptoms of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Eichler Florian , Pang Francis , Howie Kenneth , Walz Markus , Wilds Alexandra , Calcagni Carlo , Chanson Charlotte , Campbell Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a relentlessly progressive and ultimately fatal condition, is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Historically management has been palliative or supportive care. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is poorly effective in early-onset MLD and benefit in late-onset MLD remains controversial. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for early-onset MLD. Treatment benefit is mainly observed at an early disease stage, indicating the need for early diagnosis and intervention. This study contributes a caregiver perspective of initial MLD symptomatology, and thereby aims to improve communication between clinicians and families impacted by this condition and promote a faster path to diagnosis.
Results
Data was collected through a moderator-assisted online 60-minute survey and 30-minute semi-structured follow-up telephone interview with 21 MLD caregivers in the United States (n = 10), the United Kingdom (n = 5), and Germany (n = 6). All respondents were primary caregivers of a person with late infantile (n = 13), juvenile (n = 7) or borderline late infantile/juvenile (n = 1) MLD. Caregivers were asked questions related to their child’s initial signs and symptoms, time to diagnosis and interactions with healthcare providers. These results highlight the caregiver language used to describe the most common initial symptoms, which can be summarized as developmental stagnation, difficulty walking/running, and clonus/tremors, in the absence of notable prior history. Distinctions between late infantile versus juvenile MLD in symptom onset and disease course were also identified.
Conclusions
This study captures the most frequent caregiver-reported physical, behavioral, and cognitive signs of MLD leading up to diagnosis. The understanding of the caregiver experience at symptom onset sheds light on a critical window of often missed opportunity for earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in MLD.
Reliability and Validity of The Korean Translation of The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score
Authors: Park Young Hwan , Cho Hyun Woo , Choi Jung Woo , Kim Hak Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure to assess clinical outcomes of Achilles tendon rupture, but it has not been validated in Korean yet. The purpose of this study was to translate the ATRS into Korean and evaluate its reliability and validity in a Korean population.
Methods

The ATRS was translated into Korean according to recommended guidelines for forward-backward translation. Thirty-eight patients who underwent surgical treatment for Achilles tendon rupture from 2017 to 2019 were enrolled. Reliability was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of the measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed with Spearman rank correlations with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain in daily activity.
Results

The Korean translation of the ATRS had excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.838) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84). The SEM was 6.63, and the MDC was 18.38 at the individual level and 2.98 at the group level. The Korean translation of the ATRS was strongly correlated with the FASO (r = 0.876). Correlation with the NRS in daily activity (r = -0.659) was moderate.
Conclusion

The Korean translation of the ATRS showed sufficient reliability and validity for use in the Korean population.
Surface Modification of Film Chitosan Materials With Aldehydes for Wettability and Biodegradation Control
Authors: Bryuzgina Ekaterina , Yartseva Vitaliya , Bryuzgin Evgeny , Tuzhikov Oleg , Navrotskiy Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chitosan is one of prospective polymer for use in regenerative medicine which has unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor potency. In this article, we study the peculiarities of the surface modification of chitosan films with carbonyl-containing compounds, which differed both in molecular characteristics and in their hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The potential for controlling the biodegradation of the resulting materials has been established, which can be used in the creation of wound dressings. Both the destruction time and lyophilic properties of the surface depend on the length of the modifier's hydrocarbon radical. The contact angle and water absorption of obtained film materials correlate with hydrophobicity, which estimated by the calculated value of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB). The cytotoxicity of modified chitosan films was studied, and it was found that they are non-toxic (cytotoxic index of <50%) for human skin cell cultures, which shows their potential for use in the creation of materials for skin protection and external wound healing.
Cav-1 Protein Levels in Serum and Infarcted Brain Correlate with Hemorrhagic Volume in a Mouse Model of Thromboembolic Stroke, Independently of Rt-PA Administration
Authors: Gubern-Mérida Carme , Comajoan Pau , Huguet Gemma , García-Yebenes Isaac , Lizasoain Ignacio , Moro María Angeles , Puig-Parnau Irene , Sánchez Juan Manuel , Serena Joaquin , Kadar Elisabet , Castellanos Mar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke. However, its administration is still limited due to the associated increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). rt-PA may exacerbate blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury by several mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a major structural protein of caveolae, has been linked to the endothelial barrier function. The effects of rt-PA on Cav-1 expression remains largely unknown. Here, Cav-1 protein expression after ischemic conditions, with or without rt-PA administration, was analyzed in a murine thromboembolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in brain microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Our results show that Cav-1 is overexpressed in endothelial cells after ischemia in both models. rtPA significantly reduced Cav-1 expression and increases pCav-1/Cav-1 ratio in bEnd.3 cells, but not in the in vivo model. In addition, we first show that increased Cav-1 immunoreactivity in the infarcted area and Cav-1 serum levels are positively correlated at 24 h post-MCAO. Interestingly, Cav-1 expression in infarcted area and baseline serum Cav-1 levels negatively correlate with hemorrhagic volume, supporting a protective role of Cav-1 in cerebral ischemia and pointing to a potential usefulness of baseline serum Cav-1 levels as predictor of hemorrhagic volume, independently of rt-PA administration.
Concomitant Medication Use with Xiyanping Injection and the Risk of Suspected Allergic Reactions: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on China’s National Medical Insurance Database
Authors: Tong Xunliang , Zhu Xiaochen , Wang Chunping , Zhou Yifan , Zhan Siyan , Zhu He , Cheng Yinchu , Han Sheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Xiyanping injection (XYP), a type of Traditional Chinese Medicine, is often applied in combination with other medications in treating bronchitis, tonsillitis, and bacillary dysentery in China, which is evidently associative with allergic reactions. In recent years, XYP’s adverse drug reactions (ADRs), represented by allergic reactions, have emerged throughout the country.Objective This study aims to investigate the association between the concomitant use of XYP and 25 most frequently co-applied medications with suspected allergic reactions for China’s patients receiving XYP.Methods A nested case-control study was conducted using the sampling data from 2015 China’s Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance database. Four anti-allergic marker drugs were used to evaluate suspected allergic reactions. Univariate analyses and multivariable conditional logistic regression were conducted, and results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity analyses were performed on the expanded sample by including those prescribed with anti-allergic marker drugs on the same day as XYP and then stopped XYP on the next day.Results Out of 57,612 participants with XYP prescription, we got 949 matched case-control pairs. Multivariable conditional logistic regression revealed that seven concomitant medications including gentamicin (OR = 4.3; 95% CI [2.5, 7.3]), cefoperazone-sulbactam (OR = 4.3; 95% CI [1.4, 13.0]), lidocaine (OR = 2.8; 95% CI [1.8, 4.2]), aminophylline (OR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.1, 2.9]), ribavirin (OR = 1.5; 95% CI [1.1, 2.1)), potassium chloride (OR = 1.4; 95% CI [1.1, 1.9]), and vitamin C (OR = 1.3; 95% CI [1.0, 1.7]) were associated with increased risk, while cefathiamidine (OR = 0.3; 95% CI [0.2, 0.5]) was associated with reduced risk. Sensitivity analysis on 2,438 matched pairs revealed similar findings. Conclusion Increased risks for suspected allergic reactions were found for the concomitant use of XYP with seven medications. Our data suggest that gentamicin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, lidocaine and ribavirin should be applied with precautions for patients receiving XYP, and further studies on drug interactions and allergy mechanisms are warranted.