bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of botulinum toxin A and papaverine on human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts: an in vitro study
Authors: Duman Ipek , Tanyeli Ömer , Dereli Yuksel , Oltulu Pembe , Toy Hatice , Sahin Ayse 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAutologous saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA) are used as bypass conduits during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Vasospasm of the arterial and venous grafts may constitute a significant clinical problem. Pretreatment with a vasodilator drug of the graft ex vivo or intraluminal injection before implantation may be used for spasm prophylaxis. This in-vitro study was designed to assess the vasoactive effects and time-dependent changes of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and papaverine pretreatment on vasospasm of human SV and IMA grafts. Also histomorphology of the vessels were assessed.Material and methodsSV and IMA segments were suspended in organ baths and isometric contraction responses to two different concentrationsof 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were recorded after incubation with two different concentrations of BTX-A and papaverine at two time points (0 hours and 2nd hour).ResultsThe results suggest that; 1) incubation with BTX-A and papaverine relaxes both SV and IMA rings contracted with 5-HT and ET-1, 2) duration of the relaxant effect of BTX-A lasts longer than papaverine, 3) no apparent histomorphologic changes are observed in the grafts under light microscopy.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that in human SV and IMA grafts, pretreatment with both BTX-A and papaverine are safe and have a potent inhibitory effect depending on the vessel and vasoconstrictor agent. Long lasting vasodilatory effect of BTX-A on vascular smooth muscle may provide promising results for preventing venous and arterial graft spasm.
How can we use positron emission tomography/
computed tomography more accurately for characterization of asbestos-related pleural thickening?
Authors: Simsek F. Selcuk , Cakmak Muharrem , Kuslu Duygu , Balci Tansel , In Erdal , Ozercan Ibrahim , Narin Yavuz 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThere is no consensus about the standardized uptake value maximum (SUV<sub>max</sub>) cut-off value to characterize pleural thickening worldwide. Sometimes, this causes unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. Our first aim is to determine a cut-off value for SUV<sub>max</sub>. Secondly, we try to answer the following question: If we use this cut-off value together with morphological parameters, can we differentiate benign thickening from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) more accurately?Material and methodsThirty-seven patients who underwent 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before pleural biopsy were included the study. All of patients had histopathologically proven primary pleural disease. Their [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging reports were re-assessed. If a patient’s SUVmax or size of the thickening was not mentioned in the report, we calculated it with their [18F]FDG-PET/CT.ResultsAge, pleural effusion, size, and SUV<sub>max</sub> were found to have a relationship with MPM. We found the size > 14 mm, and SUV<sub>max</sub> > 4.0 as cut-off values for MPM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for size > 14 mm were found to be 86.4%, 85.2%, 82.6%, 88.5%, respectively. For SUV<sub>max</sub> > 4.0, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 90.9%, 87.0%, 85.1%, 92.2%, respectively.ConclusionsIf a patient has SUV<sub>max</sub> > 4.0 and/or size > 14 mm, the risk of MPM is high. These patients should undergo biopsy. If a patient’s SUV<sub>max</sub> < 4.0, size < 14 mm and does not have pleural effusion, he/she has low risk for MPM. These patients can undergo the follow-up. If a patient’s SUV<sub>max</sub> < 4, size < 14, and has pleural effusion the MPM risk is approximately 4%. These patients can undergo biopsy/cytology/follow-up. Novel studies are needed for these patients.
Ocular manifestations of Parkinson disease
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael 
Published: March 2021

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. We aimed to review both the disease and the drug-related ocular manifestations of PD.
Methods: In this manuscript, we have reviewed and summarized existing literature on the ocular manifestations and drug-related complications of PD. We have also discussed the use of current noninvasive imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), for the early diagnosis and monitoring of PD.
Results: Impaired color vision, reduced stereopsis, reduced contrast sensitivity, pupillary abnormalities, eye movement disorders, convergence insufficiency, dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, visual dysfunctions, retinal abnormalities, and drug-related side effects were among the listed ocular manifestations of PD. There is a large knowledge gap regarding the type of glaucoma affecting PD patients—whether it is open-angle or other types. Further case studies and long-term follow-ups during PD progression are necessary to fill this gap. Patient compliance with follow-up visits for more visual field tests and OCT during PD progression may become problematic when dementia and cognitive impairment occur.
Conclusions: There is a general need for clinicians to perform further tests and more visual examinations to rule out ocular manifestations. Furthermore, additional clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the use of different types of OCT findings as biomarkers of PD progression. This would aid in early diagnosis and in delaying disease progression, if treated promptly.
Role of intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Katsikatsos Konstantinos , Dallas Konstantinos , Ch’ng Soon Wai , Asproudis Ioannis , Stefaniotou Maria , Kalogeropoulos Chris 
Published: March 2021

Background: The microbiome is strongly linked to many extra-intestinal disorders. Gut commensal microbiota, in particular, plays an active role in human immune and intestinal homeostasis. Complex interactions of the microbiota with host genetics and other underlying factors lead to intestinal dysbiosis, which is thought to be linked to ocular inflammatory diseases. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the role of intestinal microbiome in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, limited to English language publications, from January 2004 to March 2020. An additional search was made employing Google Scholar to complete the collected data as per the above-mentioned time-line and language limitations. The main keywords used included age-related macular degeneration, microbiome, dysbiosis, autoimmunity, gut microbiota, epigenetics, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and gut-retina axis.
Results: Recent studies have proposed the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AMD. Changes in the microbiome have been shown to trigger several ocular inflammatory processes. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that intestinal microbial imbalance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD.
Conclusions: This review summarizes how alterations in the intestinal microbiota can be associated with the pathogenesis of AMD and how new therapeutic modalities can be designed to target this microbiome to limit the severe nature of this disease. Future advances in microbiome research may unveil a new era in understanding and managing AMD.
Ice-nucleating particles in precipitation samples from the Texas Panhandle
Authors: Vepuri Hemanth S. K. , Rodriguez Cheyanne A. , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios G. , Hume Dustin , Webb James , Mayer Gregory D. , Hiranuma Naruki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) influence the formation of ice crystals in clouds and many types of precipitation. This study reports unique
properties of INPs collected from 42 precipitation samples in the Texas Panhandle region from June 2018 to July 2019. We used a cold stage instrument called the West Texas Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test system to estimate INP concentrations per unit volume of air (nINP) through immersion freezing in our precipitation samples with our detection capability of > 0.006 INP L−1. A
disdrometer was used for two purposes: (1) to characterize the ground-level precipitation type and (2) to measure the precipitation intensity as
well as size of precipitating particles at the ground level during each precipitation event. While no clear seasonal variations of nINP values were apparent, the analysis of yearlong ground-level precipitation observation as well as INPs in the precipitation samples showed some INP variations, e.g., the highest and lowest nINP values at −25 ∘C both in the summer for hail-involved severe thunderstorm samples (3.0 to 1130 INP L−1), followed by the second lowest at the same temperature from one of our snow samples collected during the winter (3.2 INP L−1). Furthermore, we conducted bacteria community analyses using a subset of our precipitation samples to examine the presence of known biological INPs. In parallel, we also performed metagenomics characterization of the bacterial microbiome in suspended ambient dust samples collected at commercial open-lot livestock facilities (cattle feedyards hereafter) in the Texas Panhandle (i.e., the northernmost counties of Texas, also known as “West Texas”) to ascertain whether local cattle feedyards can act as a source of bioaerosol particles and/or INPs found in the precipitation samples. Some key bacterial phyla present in cattle feedyard samples appeared in precipitation samples. However, no known ice nucleation active species were detected in our samples. Overall, our results showed that cumulative nINP in our precipitation samples below −20 ∘C could be high in the samples collected while observing > 10 mm h−1 precipitation with notably large hydrometeor sizes and an implication of cattle feedyard bacteria inclusion.
Assessment of stochastic weather forecast of precipitation near European cities, based on analogs of circulation
Authors: Krouma Meriem , Yiou Pascal , Déandreis Céline , Thao Soulivanh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this study, we aim to assess the skill of a stochastic weather generator (SWG) to forecast precipitation in several cities of Western Europe. The SWG is based on random sampling of analogs of the geopotential height at 500 hPa. The SWG is evaluated for two reanalyses (NCEP and ERA5). We simulate 100-member ensemble forecasts on a daily time increment. We evaluate the performance of SWG with forecast skill scores and we compare it to ECMWF forecasts. Results show significant positive skill scores (continuous rank probability skill score and correlation) for lead times of 5 and 10 days for different areas in Europe. We found that the low predictability of our model is related to specific weather regimes, depending on the European region. Comparing SWG forecasts to ECMWF forecasts, we found that the SWG shows a good performance for 5 days. This performance varies from one region to another. This paper is a proof of concept for a stochastic regional ensemble precipitation forecast. Its parameters (e.g. region for analogs) must be tuned for each region in order to optimize its performance.
PENGARUH SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN, TARIF PAJAK, SANKSI PERPAJAKAN, DAN KESADARAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PELAPORAN SPT TAHUNAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI (Studi Empiris Pada KPP Pratama Jayapura)
Authors: Muhamad Marisa Setiawati , Asnawi Meinarni , Pangayow Bill J.C 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of taxation socialization, tax rates, tax sanctions, and tax awareness on tax reporting compliance Annual taxpayer person. Study at KPP Pratama Jayapura. Data collection in this study is to use questionnaires to individual taxpayers in KPP Pratama Jayapura. The sampling technique used in this research is convenience sampling. Data analysis techniques using Partial Least Square (PLS) using Smart PLS 3.0 software. Based on the results ofanalysis by using PLS test tool shows that there is influence between taxation on taxation awareness. There is an influence between taxation socialization, tax rate and tax awareness on tax reporting compliance annual taxpayer personal person. While the tax sanction does not affect the taxpayer annual reporting of the individual taxpayers. Tax awareness may interfere with the socialization of annual taxpayer's annual reporting compliance
PENGARUH KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI, KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN DAN KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Tanto Tania Ivanna A. , Simanjuntak Aaron M. A. , Pangayow Bill J.C 
Published: March 2021

The value of the company is very important because the high value of the company will be followed by the high prosperity of shareholders. The higher the stock price, the higher the value of the company, in order to achieve company value, investors generally give their management to professionals. Optimizing company value can be achieved through the implementation of financial management functions, where one financial decision taken will influence other financial decisions and have an impact on the value of the company. This study aims to determine the effect of investment decisions, funding decision taken will influence other financial decision and have an impact on the value of the company. This study aims to determine the effect of investment decisions, funding decisions and dividend policies on firm value. The population in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2016 while sample selection using purposive sampling technique obtained 89 companies that will be used as samples in this study. The hypothesis testing uses multiple regression analysis. The results of the study partially show that investment decision affect the value of the company, funding decisions do not affect the value of the company and dividend policy does not affect the value of the company. While the simultaneous research resultshows that investment decisions, funding decisions and dividend policies have a significant effect on firm value
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSEPSI WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI TERHADAP ETIKA PENGGELAPAN PAJAK (Studi Empiris pada Wajib Pajak Terdaftar di KPP Pratama Jayapura)
Authors: Helweldery Bryando , Allolayuk Theo , Matani Cornelia D. 
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine the influence of taxation, tax-service, and taxation sanctions on tax evasion. The population in this research is a registered taxpayer at KPP Pratama Jayapura. Sampling is done according to the proportions, so that the number of respondents are fulfilled by a certain characteristic of 100 respondents. The data analysis methods used in this study are validity, reliability, classical assumption test, hypothesized test and multiple linear regression. The results showed that partially understanding taxation positively affect tax evasion, while the tax authorities have no positive effect and the taxation sanctions have no positive effect on tax evasion In addition, the research has no simultaneous effect on tax evasion at KPP Pratama Jayapura. The implications of this study show that tax evasion is seen as unethical action to do. The Directorate General of Taxation needs to socialize the importance of taxation understanding to lower tax evasion rates.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Kurniawan Alam Ashari , Hutadjulu Linda Y. , Simanjuntak Aaron M. A 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of earnings management and corporate governance on fraudulent financial statements. This research was conducted again to review the influence of earnings management and corporate governance on fraud. The population in this study is amanufacturing company listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. Based on the purposive sampling method obtained by 50 companies. The number ofobservations is 150 observations. The analysis used is logistic regression. The results in this study indicate that earnings management as measured by discretionary accruals and unexpected revenue per employee proves that there is no influence onfraudulent financial statements. Corporate governance as measured by managerial ownership, institutional ownership, board of commissioners, independent commissioners, independent audit committees does not affect on fraudulent financial statements.
PENGARUH SIZE, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNGJAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018)
Authors: Irianti Ike Nur , Allo Layuk Paulus Kombo , Andrianti Hastutie Noor 
Published: March 2021

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence on the analysis of factors influencing The disclosure of Corporate social responsibility in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Factors used include Size, Profitability, Leverage, and age of the company. Measurement of the corporate social responsibility disclosure Using the Global REPORTING Initiative (GRI). There are 79 items to detect the level of disclosure of corporate social responsibility. The population of this research is all the financial data of manufacturing companies listed on IDX period 2014-2018. The sample determination method used in this study is the purposive sampling method. The samples used in this research are all manufacturing companies that publish annual and financial reports during the observation period. Total sample used in this study as much as 40 companies. The data used is secondary data from IDX. The analytical techniques used are multiple linear regression analyses.The results of this study showed that the company size affects the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, while profitability, leverage, and the company's age do not affect the disclosure ofcorporate social responsibility.
PENGARUH TANGIBILITY, PROFITABILITAS, GROWTH, RISIKO BISNIS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN HUTANG (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017)
Authors: Abubakar Dwi Yuniarti , Daat Sylvia Christina , Sanggenafa Mariolin A. 
Published: March 2021

The research aims to analyze the influence oftangibility, profitability, growth, business risk, and liquidity to debt policy. This research is repurposed to review the influence oftangibility, profitability, growth, business risk, and liquidity of debt policy. Financial report is obtained by access to www.idx.co.id. The number of samples obtained in this study was as much as 178 samples. The analytical techniques used in this study are multiple linear regression to obtain a thorough picture of the relationship between the variables of one another. The results in this study show that profitability, business risk, liquidity, and size of the company have an influence and significance to the debt policy. While tangibility, growth, and age companies do not affect the debt policy.
Political Union? Some Critical Reflections
Authors: Issing Otmar 
Published: March 2021

This conference brings together an impressive number of eminent politicians, outstanding representatives from business, public administration and academia. Notwithstanding nuances there seems to be a broad consensus that the crisis has demonstrated not only that we need more Europe, but also —having read many contributions— how this «more Europe» should be realized.
Bearing in mind the atrocities of two World Wars, the separa-tion of Europe by the iron curtain, the challenge stemming from globalisation and a rapidly changing world who would not support the project of a strong and prosperous Europe to guarantee peace in this sphere and to assert, if not enhance its position in the world. However, agreement on the goal does not necessarily imply agreement on the way and the tools by which this end can be achieved.
While the positions presented at this conference and at many other occasions have been straightforward and firm, my position is much more cautious. I will, in fact, mainly raise a number of questions.
«If the Euro fails, Europe will fail», is Chancellor Merkel’s dictum. I am critical on this. The Euro, not to mention Europe is not at stake. What is at stake is the euro zone, and by that I mean the composition of the euro zone rather than the euro zone itself.
A popular argument is that the crisis confronts «Europe» —or rather EMU— with two alternatives. Either political integration is strengthened with the «finalité» of political union or monetary union is doomed to collapse.
Real Austerity
Authors: Thornton Mark 
Published: March 2021

Austerity has been hotly debated as either an elixir or a poison for tough economic times. But what is austerity? Real austerity means that the government and its employees have less money at their disposal. For the economists at the International Monetary Fund, «austerity» may mean spending cuts, but it also means increasing taxes on the beleaguered public in order to, at all costs, repay the government’s corrupt creditors. Keynesian economists reject all forms of austerity. They promote the «borrow and spend» approach that is supposedly scientific and is gentle on the people: paycheck insurance for the unemployed, bailouts for failing businesses, and stimulus packages for everyone else.
Austrian School economists reject both the Keynesian stimulus approach and the IMF-style high-tax, pro-bankster «Austerian» approach. Although «Austrians» are often lumped in with «Auste-rians,» Austrian School economists support real austerity. This involves cutting government budgets, salaries, employee benefits, retirement benefits, and taxes. It also involves selling government assets and even repudiating government debt.
Despite all the hoopla in countries like Greece, there is no real austerity except in the countries of eastern Europe.
For example, Latvia is Europe’s most austere country and also has its fastest growing economy. Estonia implemented an austerity policy that depended largely on cuts in government salaries. There simply is no austerity in most of western Europe or the U.S. As Professor Philipp Bagus explains, «the problem of Europe (and the United States) is not too much but too little austerity—or its complete absence.»
Gary North: a critique
Authors: Block Walter E. 
Published: March 2021

In this paper I take Gary North to task for several errors in his recent writings. In section II I address North (2012a). Section III is devoted to a critique of North (2012b). The purpose of section IV is to explore the propriety of criticizing a fellow Austrian-libertarian, with whom I am in agreement in probably 99% of all issues in political economy. I conclude in section V.
North (2012a) is a very, very good essay on behalf of using gold as money. Entitled «Economists vs. the Gold Coin Standard,» it is an utter intellectual annihilation of the mainstream economics profession on this vitally important question.
However, in the course of his essay, he makes several relatively minor mistakes.
But, before I get to them, let me say that I regard them as only minor errors in an otherwise excellent, no, make that magnificent piece. This author explains in great detail why most mainstream economists think a full gold (coin) standard will lead to economic disarray. He also unearths in great detail the evils of the fed in suborning most mainstream money-macro economists.