bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Disparity: Socioeconomic Deprivation and Cancer Outcomes in Patients Treated in Clinical Trials
Authors: Unger Joseph M. , Moseley Anna B. , Cheung Christabel K. , Osarogiagbon Raymond U. , Symington Banu , Ramsey Scott D. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSEPatients with cancer living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas have worse cancer outcomes. The association between socioeconomic deprivation and outcomes among patients with cancer participating in clinical trials has not been systematically examined.METHODSWe examined survival outcomes for patients enrolled in phase III and large phase II clinical trials for major cancers conducted by the SWOG Cancer Research Network from 1985 to 2012. Socioeconomic deprivation was measured using trial participants' residential zip codes linked to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Five-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and cancer-specific survival were examined using Cox regression frailty models, adjusting for age, sex, and race, and separately for insurance status, prognostic risk, and rural or urban residency.RESULTSWe examined 41,109 patients from 55 trials comprising 24 cancer histology and stage-specific cohorts. Compared with trial participants in the most affluent areas (ADI, 0%-20%), trial participants from areas with the highest socioeconomic deprivation (ADI, 80%-100%) had worse overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.37, P < .001), progression-free (HR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.28, P < .001), and cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.37, P < .001). The results were similar after adjusting for insurance status, prognostic risk, and rural or urban residency. There was a continuous increase in risk of all outcomes as the ADI quintile increased.CONCLUSIONIn patients with cancer with access to protocol-directed care in clinical trials, high area-level socioeconomic deprivation was associated with worse survival. Future research should examine whether the etiology of this residual disparity is related to reduced access to supportive care or postprotocol therapy and/or to differences in health status not reflected by protocol selection criteria.
Thyroid Eye Disease: Navigating the New Treatment Landscape
Authors: Dosiou Chrysoula , Kossler Andrea Lora 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex inflammatory disease that can have a long clinical course with sight-threatening and debilitating ocular sequelae. Until recently, there were limited therapeutic options available. In the last decade we have gained a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, which has led to the development of novel effective targeted therapies. This article discusses the challenges encountered in the clinical evaluation and treatment of TED patients, with the goal to empower endocrinologists and ophthalmologists to work together to provide effective multidisciplinary care. We will review recommendations of past clinical guidelines around evaluation and management of TED patients, discuss the randomized controlled trials of new biologic therapies, and explore how to navigate the emerging therapeutic landscape.
Aggressive Childhood-onset Papillary Craniopharyngioma Managed With Vemurafenib, a BRAF Inhibitor
Authors: Chik Constance L , van Landeghem Frank K H , Easaw Jacob C , Mehta Vivek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The papillary subtype of craniopharyngioma (CP) rarely occurs in children and commonly presents as a suprasellar lesion. Patients with papillary CPs frequently harbor the BRAF-V600E mutation, and treatment with a BRAF inhibitor results in tumor shrinkage in several patients. Herein, we report a patient with childhood-onset papillary CP treated with vemurafenib for 40 months after multiple surgeries. At age 10, he presented with growth failure secondary to an intrasellar cystic lesion. He had 3 transsphenoidal surgeries before age 12 and a 4th surgery 25 years later for massive tumor recurrence. Pathology showed a papillary CP with positive BRAF-V600E mutation. Rapid tumor regrowth 4 months after surgery led to treatment with vemurafenib that resulted in tumor reduction within 6 weeks. Gradual tumor regrowth occurred after a dose reduction of vemurafenib because of elevated liver enzymes. He had further surgeries and within 7 weeks after stopping vemurafenib, there was massive tumor recurrence. He resumed treatment with vemurafenib before radiation therapy and similar tumor shrinkage occurred within 16 days. In this patient with childhood-onset papillary CP that was refractory to multiple surgeries, the use of vemurafenib resulted in significant tumor shrinkage that allowed for the completion of radiation therapy and tumor control.
Using Active Science to Improve Both MVPA and STEM Learning Through PE in Urban Public Schools
Authors: Bowling April , Poloskey Leah , McInnis Kyle , Finn Kevin 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Children in low-income, urban public schools are at a greater risk of poor physical activity (PA) and academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of a novel exerlearning application, Active Science (AS), in third-grade physical education (PE) classes improved PA levels, student attitudes toward science, and third-grade science curriculum content knowledge.

Methods
A two-arm pragmatic evaluation was conducted in a public elementary school serving low-income, urban neighborhoods. Six third-grade classrooms were randomly assigned to take part in 8 wk of either PE classes using AS, in which students self-monitor their PA data and use it to complete tablet-based science lessons, or PE classes without the use of AS. PE curriculum was the same in both arms; accelerometers were used to track student PA data during classes. Student attitudes toward science were measured pre- or postintervention using the Modified Attitudes toward Science Inventory (MATSI); science content knowledge was assessed using the Integrated Active Science Knowledge Assessment (IASKA).

Results

N = 135 students participated in the study; n = 66 completed both pre- and post-MATSI and IASKA testing. Because of the time needed to complete the tablet-based AS lessons, student steps, minutes of PA, and minutes of moderate to vigorous PA were significantly lower in the intervention group; however, steps per minute and PA as a percentage of available PE time increased in the intervention group. Participation in AS did not affect MATSI scores but did significantly improve IASKA performance.

Conclusions
AS has promise to economically improve student PA and science achievement. However, lesson completion should be moved into academic transitional or science instruction periods to better achieve the goal of increasing moderate to vigorous PA during PE.
Translating School Physical Education and Activity Policies into Practice: A Case Study
Authors: O’Hara Tompkins Nancy , Northrup Karen , Grant Josh , Weikle Mary Foltz , Long Dustin , Bassler John , Workman Charlotte , Ramsey Zachary , Jarrett Traci , Sirk Hannah , Cottrell Lesley 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Public health experts recommend school-based policies as a population-based approach to increase youth physical activity. The purpose of this case study is to describe one, largely rural, state’s efforts to translate this recommendation into practice. Details about the genesis, implementation, and evolution of two state-level policies (physical education and physical activity), as well as in-house efforts of a State Department of Education to monitor policy compliance and challenges encountered are described. Two specific years are highlighted because of policy and monitoring enhancements made during those particular time periods.

Methods
Data for this article come from the West Virginia Department of Education for two time periods: 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 (n = 369 elementary schools). Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data were used to document school-level compliance and provide context for implementation challenges.

Results
Greater than 70% of school principals reported achievement of physical education and physical activity policy expectations for each year. Limited staff was the predominant explanation for nonfulfillment of physical education expectations, followed by lack of time and facilities. Recess and classroom-based physical activity were the primary strategies used to comply with the physical activity expectations. Physical education and physical activity policy compliance varied significantly by certain school characteristics in each school year studied.

Conclusions
Further investigation is warranted on how states translate public health policy recommendations into practice, including how physical education and physical activity policies are developed and monitored at the state level and how to support states and schools with monitoring and implementation challenges.
Under-reported COVID-19 cases in South Asian countries
Authors: Khan Soban Qadir , Moheet Imran Alam , Farooqi Faraz Ahmed , Alhareky Muhanad , Alonaizan Faisal 
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare trends in the progression of COVID-19 among South Asian countries with more developed Western countries. Methods: COVID-19 data from South Asian countries were used for this observational study. Data were taken up to April 21, 2020 from the outbreak of the COVID-19. Four of the seven countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Results: An exponential increase in the average number of weekly cases was reported after the fifth week following the first case. The correlation between reported cases and tests was found to be strong and significant (r=0.90, p=0.037). However, on average, 315.25 tests per million population were performed, which was at least 12 times lower than the number of tests performed in countries with a large number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: At present, the number of confirmed cases from South Asia was found to be significantly lower than in Western countries. Hence, an increase in the strength of performing diagnostic tests is highly recommended. Strict measures are required to make the people of these countries follow the instructions of social distancing and comply with preventive measures.
Use of fentanyl, butyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl as discussed on Polish online forums devoted to new psychoactive substances.
Authors: Kacela Monika , Wojcieszak Jakub , Zawilska Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

Cel pracyCelem badań była analiza informacji zamieszczonych przez użytkowników syntetycznych opioidów na polskich internetowych forach dyskusyjnych dotyczących narkotyków. Szczególny nacisk położono na źródła związków i ich dostępność, drogi podania, dawki, działania oczekiwane i toksyczne.MetodaAnalizie poddano 6 143 wpisów związanych z syntetycznymi opioidami, umieszczonych w okresie od 2005 r. do połowy 2019 r. na trzech ogólnodostępnych polskich forach internetowych poświęconych substancjom psychoaktywnym: https://hyperreal.info/talk, https://dopek.info i https://forum.dopalamy.WynikiFentanyl był najczęściej stosowanym i stosunkowo łatwo dostępnym syntetycznym opioidem w Polsce. Dwie pochodne fentanylu - butyrylofentanyl i furanylofentanyl były znacznie mniej popularne. Głównym źródłem fentanylu wykorzystywanym do celów „rekreacyjnych” były transdermalne preparaty medyczne. Fentanyl, butyrylofentanyl i furanylofentanyl są zażywane doustnie, na wewnętrzną część policzka, podjęzykowo, donosowo, wziewnie i dożylnie. Fentanyl i jego dwie pochodne są stosowane razem z innymi związkami psychoaktywnymi, co zwiększa ryzyko poważnych działań niepożądanych.WnioskiNiniejsze badanie przyczyniło się do pełniejszego zrozumienia problemów związanych ze stosowaniem w Polsce fentanylu, butyrylofentanylu i furanylofentanylu jako związków odurzających. Stosunkowo duża popularność fentanylu, którego źródłem były głównie preparaty transdermalne, zwraca uwagę na konieczność walki z nielegalnym obrotem tymi lekami przez Internet, edukacji pacjentów stosujących fentanyl z podkreśleniem, że lek jest przepisany przez lekarza dla konkretnego pacjenta, a udzielenie go innej osobie jest niezgodne z prawem oraz może doprowadzić do rozwoju uzależnienia i innych poważnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, a także ewidencjonowania utylizacji zużytych plastrów w podmiotach leczniczych. Ponadto istotna jest edukacja społeczeństwa prowadząca do zwiększenia świadomości na temat problemu stosowania opioidów, szczególnie przez młode osoby, ze zwróceniem uwagi na sygnały, które mogą świadczyć o uzależnieniu u członka rodziny.
New research in the sacred zone of the Fabrika Hill in Nea Paphos, Cyprus
Authors: Młynarczyk Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

New research in the sacred zone of the Fabrika Hill in Nea Paphos, Cyprus
The rocky hillock of Fabrika in the north-eastern most part of ancient Nea Paphos, founded during the late 4th century BC, is of key importance for understanding the early phase of the town planning, but at the same time very difficult to be methodically explored. Both its eminent location and geology made it a natural source of building material throughout the ages, greatly hindering any accurate reconstruction of the site development. However, the data collected so far strongly suggest that the arrangement of the southern part of the hill was of a cultic nature. Therefore, on undertaking a joint project with Université d’Avignon, we decided to focus the research on the southern part of the hill where, near the top of an Early Hellenistic theatre, there are rock-cut outlines of atemple possibly devoted to Aphrodite Paphia. During two seasons of field work (2018-2019), we retrieved some important information regarding both an original Hellenistic arrangement of the sacred area and its later (Late Roman/Byzantine and Medieval) use. Some new observations were also made regarding the topographical details of the area.
Monks across the desert. Hermitic life in Christian Petra
Authors: Desideri Andrea Vanni , Leporatti Silvia 
Published: March 2021

Monks across the desert. Hermitic life in Christian Petra
A new interpretation of the pre-Crusader phase of the site follows from the identification of a pre-Crusader rock-cut chapel. In particular, in early mediaeval time, a monastic community at al-Wu’ayra and a number of hermitic cells surrounding a central fortified coenobium preceded the later military castle keep. The Crusaders profited by the presence of a Christian fortified settlement, easy to transform into a military installation by a simple addition of a number of buildings, which are identifiable by a chrono-typology of building techniques.The new program of research which started in 2017 aims at registering, surveying, and studying various hermitic installations around the perimeter of the town in order to contextualize this early medieval phase of al-Wu’ayrain the topography of Petra and contribute to the knowledge of a ‘minor’and underestimated aspect of the town in early Christian time. In fact, these monastic-hermitic settlements located in segregated spots of the peri-urbanarea, surviving the abandonment of the major churches of the town, can help to understand in a more realistic way the articulated forms of Christian presence and its duration until the late 19th century.
The view from ‘pre-Crusader’ Shawbak: towards a first contextualization through GIS visibility and spatial analyses
Authors: Ponticelli Giacomo 
Published: March 2021

The view from ‘pre-Crusader’ Shawbak: towards a first contextualization through GIS visibility and spatial analyses
The purpose of this study is to provide a first preliminary interpretation of part of the evidence from Shawbak castle which attests to the presence of a ‘pre-Crusader, probably Byzantine fort. The strategic features of the location of the fort, in particular a great abundance of water resources, made it indeed strategically advantageous during the Crusader period and in the later Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. Stratigraphic evidence from readings of extant buildings and excavations revealed that the first Crusader foundation of the castle was laid out upon the remains of a LateRoman/Byzantine fortification identified in different parts of the castle. The presence of such fortification should probably be considered contextual to the presence of major forts and potential watchtower sites that have been documented by previous surveys in the area, in particular, a system of strategic locations depending on the castellum of Da’janiya betweenthe Desert highway to the east and the Via Nova Traiana to the west. The need to protect the fertile strip of land east of Shawbak and the natural resources of the area might have required a system of visual control attested to in other nearby regions, which could have involved a signaling network in communication with Shawbak. In this paper, a series of visibility analyses are proposed in order to demonstrate that such system could have worked for Byzantine Shawbak.
Surveying the rural village of Al-Jāyyah (Ma’an Governorate, Jordan): archaeological methodologies and first results
Authors: Marcotulli Chiara 
Published: March 2021

Surveying the rural village of Al-Jāyyah (Ma’an Governorate, Jordan): archaeological methodologies and first results. A contribution to the knowledge of the Shawbak territorial settlement in the longue durée
This paper presents some preliminary results about systematic Light Archaeology surveys (integrating Building and Landscape Archaeology) that the author is leading in the village of Al-Jāyyah, SE ofthe Shawbak castle, within the archaeological investigations on the landscape surrounding the fortress managed by the Italian archaeological Mission‘Medieval Petra,’ University of Florence. The aim of the surveys is to investigate the historical connection between the castle and the village, suggested by some Medieval written sources. The research’s preliminary outcomes are confirming that even if the present appearance of the village is modern, it preserves significant Medieval material evidences plausibly linked to the Crusader suburb and the Islamic madīnah of Shawbak.
A bone disc with an inscription from Marina el-Alamein (Egypt)
Authors: Bąkowska-Czerner Grażyna 
Published: March 2021

A bone disc with an inscription from Marina el-Alamein (Egypt)
A bone disc with an inscription has been found at the archaeological site of the Greco-Roman period at Marina el-Alameinin Egypt. It has a hole drilled in the center and a name IOULIOS (Ιούλιος) written in Greek letters on one side. One may wonder about the diskfunction. Names appear on theatre tickets and on game counters, but they also usually bear a number or an image, e.g. a figure or a building. In the town, which has been subject of a recent research, a large number of diverse types of game pieces were discovered; glass pawns and bone counters predominate among them, however, they differ from the discussed disc: they are smooth or decorated with cut concentric circles. The number and variety of pawns indicates diverse types and a big popularity of games among the inhabitants of Marina. The described disc may have been a strategic board game counter.
Adaptive optics correction in natural turbulent waters
Authors: Ata Yalçın , Korotkova Olga 
Published: March 2021

The recently introduced power spectrum of the refractive index fluctuations of the natural oceanic water turbulence is applied to an underwater communication system in the presence of adaptive optics corrections. The effects of the average temperature (0–30°C), the average salinity (0–40 ppt), the temperature–salinity gradient ratio (0–400°C/ppt), and the wavelength of the source (400–700 nm) on such a system are considered for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. It is revealed that even in the presence of adaptive optics the communication system’s operation is severely affected by the regional and seasonal averages and fluctuations in the water’s refractive index.
Temporal coherence of surface plasmons in silver waveguides
Authors: Sur Soutik , Ghosh Ambarish , Venkataraman V. 
Published: March 2021

Surface plasmon polaritons, in spite of being lossy, are known to preserve their coherence over long distances. In this paper, we investigate the coherence of surface plasmons propagating on a silver thin film surface using free-space optical Mach–Zehnder interferometry, where they are found to maintain their temporal coherence up to 80 µm, thus setting, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a new limit. This can be important in applications integrating plasmonics with quantum information processing, where decoherence is a major challenge.
Computation efficient sparse DNN nonlinear equalization for IM/DD 112  Gbps PAM4 inter-data center optical interconnects
Authors: Yadav Govind Sharan , Chuang Chun-Yen , Feng Kai-Ming , Chen Jyehong , Chen Young-Kai 
Published: March 2021

In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, sparse deep neural network-based nonlinear equalizer (SDNN-NLE). By identifying only the significant weight coefficients, our approach remarkably reduces the computational complexity, while still upholding the desired transmission accuracy. The insignificant weights are pruned in two phases: identifying the significance of each weight by pre-training the fully connected DNN-NLE with an adaptive L2-regularization and then pruning those insignificant ones away with a pre-defined sparsity. An experimental demonstration is conducted on a 112 Gbps PAM4 link over 40 km standard single-mode fiber with a 25 GHz externally modulated laser in O-band. Our experimental results illustrate that, for the 112 Gbps PAM4 signal at a received optical power of

−

5

d
B
m

over 40 km, the proposed SDNN-NLE exhibits promising solutions to effectively mitigate nonlinear distortions and outperforms a conventional fully connected Volterra equalizer (VE), conventional fully connected DNN-NLE, and sparse VE by providing 71%, 63%, and 41% complexity reduction, respectively, without degrading the system performance.
Development of a terahertz wave circular polarizer using a 2D array of metallic helix metamaterial
Authors: Tomita Hiroya , Hashimoto Kazuma , Takeya Kei , Tripathi Saroj R. 
Published: March 2021

We developed a broadband terahertz wave circular polarizer that consists of a two-dimensional (2D) array of three-dimensional metallic helices. Each helix operates in an axial mode of operation where the wavelength of resonance is comparable to the dimensions of the helix. We evaluated the performance of the polarizer using standard terahertz time domain spectroscopy, and we confirmed that the array of helices transmits a circularly polarized terahertz wave with opposite handedness as that of the helices. The polarizer covers the frequency range from 117 GHz to 208 GHz, close to one octave. We obtained the ellipticity of the circularly polarized terahertz wave close to unity in this frequency band.