bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary exploration on the serum biomarkers of bloodstream infection with carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae based on mass spectrometry
Authors: Bao Jinfeng , Ma Yating , Ding Mengshan , Wang Chi , Du Gaofei , Zhou Yuan , Guo Ling , Kang Haiquan , Wang Chengbin , Gu Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infections (BSI) must be rapidly identified to improve patient survival rates. This study investigated a new mass spectrometry‐based method for improving the identification of CRKP BSI and explored potential biomarkers that could differentiate CRKP BSI from sensitive.MethodsMouse models of BSI were first established. MALDI‐TOF MS was then used to profile serum peptides in CRKP BSI versus normal samples before applying BioExplorer software to establish a diagnostic model to distinguish CRKP from normal. The diagnostic value of the model was then tested against 32 clinical CRKP BSI and 27 healthy serum samples. Finally, the identities of the polypeptides used to establish the diagnostic model were determined by secondary mass spectrometry.Results107 peptide peaks were shared between the CRKP and normal groups, with 18 peaks found to be differentially expressed. Five highly expressed peptides in the CRKP group (m/z 1349.8, 2091.3, 2908.2, 4102.1, and 8129.5) were chosen to establish a diagnostic model. The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the model were determined as 79.66%, 81.48%, and 78.12%, respectively. Secondary mass spectrometry identified the Fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), Inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) and Serum amyloid A‐2 protein (SAA2) as the source of the 5 serum peptides.ConclusionsWe successfully established a serum peptide‐based diagnostic model that distinguished clinical CRKP BSI samples from normal healthy controls. The application of MALDI‐TOF MS to measure serum peptides, therefore, represents a promising approach for early BSI diagnosis of BSI, especially for multidrug‐resistant bacteria where identification is urgent.
Short‐term impacts of COVID‐19 on family caregivers: Emotion regulation, coping, and mental health
Authors: Russell Beth S. , Hutchison Morica , Park Crystal L. , Fendrich Michael , Finkelstein‐Fox Lucy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe negative mental health impact of coronavirus disease 2019‐related stressors may be heightened for those caring for children, who bear responsibity for their welfare during disasters.AimBased on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, we inquired whether caregivers' emotion regulation and coping behavior were associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).Materials & MethodsData were collected through a national online survey in April 2020, and again 60 days later.Results:Of the 801 longitudinal cases, 176 (63.6% female; mean age = 33.5) reported caring for minors in their homes during the pandemic. Over 20% of caregivers experienced clinically concerning PTSS, rates higher than their noncaregiving counterparts. Regression analysis indicates caregivers' baseline mental health symptoms and emotion regulation predicted PTSS 60 days later.DiscussionImplications for needed parenting supports among families experiencing traumatic stress are provided.ConclusionAnxiety symptoms at baseline were the most significant and consistent contributor to all models and were significantly higher among those with clinically concerning levels of PTSS suggesting a clear intervention target.
The path not taken: Distinguishing individuals who die by suicide from those who die by natural causes despite a shared history of suicide attempt
Authors: Beale Eleanor E. , Overholser James , Gomez Stephanie , Brannam Sidney , Stockmeier Craig A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify variables that distinguish suicide risk among individuals with previous suicide attempts.MethodUsing psychological autopsy procedures, we evaluated 86 decedents who had at least one lifetime suicide attempt before eventual death by suicide (n = 65) or natural causes (n = 21).ResultsThe Suicide Death group was more likely to be male, to have alcohol in the toxicology report at time of death, and to have a depression diagnosis, while the Natural Cause Death group was more likely to have personality disorder traits, a polysubstance use disorder, higher reported health stress, and an antidepressant in the toxicology report at time of death. Hopelessness and ambivalence were found to distinguish between groups during the 6 months before death.ConclusionsThese findings suggest important differences between individuals with a shared history of a suicide attempt who die by suicide versus natural causes.
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Decne) Rehder leaf extract and its biological activities
Authors: Ali Saima , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Khan Asghar , Khan Muhammad Rashid , Khan Raees 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Decne) Rehder aqueous extract of leaf was used for biosynthesis of AgNPs and characterized through UV–Visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform‐infrared, diffraction light scattering, and scanning electron microscope analysis. Moderate to strong antioxidant activity during in vitro antioxidant assays for scavenging of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), nitric oxide (NO) radicals, iron chelation, and inhibition of β‐carotene bleaching was recorded with minimum IC50 value (27.70 ± 2.67 μg/ml) calculated for OH radicals. The AgNPs were evaluated against six multidrug resistant human bacterial strains and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) along with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values was determined and all were found remarkably susceptible. The bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible with MIC = 5 μg/ml and MBC = 10 μg/ml. Among six fungal strains, Fumigatus esculentum was the most susceptible with MIC and MBC of 10 μg/ml. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2 yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) screening assay against cancer cell lines (HCCLM3, HEPG2, MDA‐MB 231, and MCF‐7) revealed the least IC50 values against HCCLM3 (74.20 ± 5.04) and MCF‐7 (91.90 ± 1.17). While no cytotoxicity against normal cell lines; LO2 and MCF‐10a was recorded. Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana silver nanoparticles (PJAgNPs) significantly (p > .001) prevented the migration of HCCLM3 cells in a dose‐dependent style, relative to control. The wound healing potential of AgNPs in rat was found higher (p < .05) for wound contraction rates, hydroxyproline content, hemostatic and re‐epithelization and regeneration efficiency in comparison to the reference group.
Micromorphological characters variation of lemma and palea in subtribe of Loliinae (Poaceae)
Authors: Tabaripour Raheleh , Keshavarzi Maryam , Ullah Fazal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe subtribe Loliinae is one of the largest subtribes of Poeae with about 600 species. Festuca is a large genus with close relations to other genera as Lolium, Castellia, and Vulpia. The taxonomic history of the Festuca‐Lolium species group is very complicated. The polyploidy and hybridization make it more confusing. Due to the morphological similarities between genera identification is very difficult, the aim of the present study is to provide the taxonomic characters for the delimitation of the taxa of subtribe Loliinae. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for the evaluation of the lemma and palea surface micromorphology for 33 species of this subtribe. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to show the species groupings. Factor analysis based on the principal component analysis showed the diagnostic importance of each of the characters. The lemma and palea epidermal patterns of Castellia, Festuca, and Lolium were examined, and results revealed that Lolium and Vulpia sensu lato species made separate groups nested in the Festuca clusters. The length of the long cell of the lemma, prickle in the lemma and palea, the wall shape of long cells of the lemma, wax type, silica bodies of lemma and palea, and the short cells in palea were important diagnostic characters for the species studied. The measured and evaluated set of lemma and palea micromorphological features was unable to provide the delimitation of the Festuca genus as subgeneric or sectional level. Present observations illustrated a heterogeneous assemblage as Festuca that needs further study for delimitation.
Consensus statements and recommendations on the management of mild‐to‐moderate gastroesophageal reflux disease in the Southeast Asian region
Authors: Goh Khean‐Lee , Lee Yeong‐Yeh , Leelakusolvong Somchai , Makmun Dadang , Maneerattanaporn Monthira , Quach Duc Trong , Raja Ali Raja Affendi , Sollano Jose D , Tran Van Huy , Wong Reuben Kong‐Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the proceedings from the first consensus meeting on the management of mild‐to‐moderate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region. Seventeen statements were drawn up by a steering committee that focused on epidemiology, mechanism of action, diagnostic investigations, and treatment. Voting on the recommendations used the Delphi method with two rounds of voting among the 10 panel members. The consensus panel agreed that GERD is mostly a mild disease in the SEA region with predominantly non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD). Complicated GERD and Barrett's esophagus are infrequently seen. The panel recommended endoscopy in patients with alarm or refractory symptoms but cautioned that the incidence of gastric cancer is higher in SEA. pH and impedance measurements were not recommended for routine assessment. The acid pocket is recognized as an important pathogenic factor in GERD. Lifestyle measures such as weight reduction, avoidance of smoking, reduction of alcohol intake, and elevation of the head of the bed were recommended but strict avoidance of specific foods or drinks was not. Alginates was recommended as the first‐line treatment for patients with mild‐to‐moderate GERD while recognizing that proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) remained the mainstay of treatment of GERD. The use of alginates was also recommended as adjunctive therapy when GERD symptoms were only partially responsive to PPIs.
A facile approach to [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐i]purine via PIDA oxidation ring‐closing reaction
Authors: Sun Xiangbin , Yu Mingwu , Mu Xianfeng , Zhou Zheng , Wang Linqing , Liu Jianhui , Liu Xiguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA facile conversion of 6‐(2‐arylidenehydrazineyl) purines to [1,2,4] triazolo [3,4‐i] purines is presented using PhI(OAc)2 as oxidant in only 10 min under room temperature. This approach is metal‐free, wide functional group tolerant, and provides an efficient and convenient method to synthesize purine‐fused tricyclics.
Emerging Techniques in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Guo Rui , Weingärtner Sebastian , Šiurytė Paulina , T. Stoeck Christian , Füetterer Maximilian , E. Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne , Suinesiaputra Avan , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Nezafat Reza 
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and a significant contributor of health care costs. Noninvasive imaging plays an essential role in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) can noninvasively assess heart and vascular abnormalities, including biventricular structure/function, blood hemodynamics, myocardial tissue composition, microstructure, perfusion, metabolism, coronary microvascular function, and aortic distensibility/stiffness. Its ability to characterize myocardial tissue composition is unique among alternative imaging modalities in cardiovascular disease. Significant growth in cardiac MR utilization, particularly in Europe in the last decade, has laid the necessary clinical groundwork to position cardiac MR as an important imaging modality in the workup of patients with cardiovascular disease. Although lack of availability, limited training, physician hesitation, and reimbursement issues have hampered widespread clinical adoption of cardiac MR in the United States, growing clinical evidence will ultimately overcome these challenges. Advances in cardiac MR techniques, particularly faster image acquisition, quantitative myocardial tissue characterization, and image analysis have been critical to its growth. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in established and emerging cardiac MR techniques that are expected to strengthen its capability in managing patients with cardiovascular disease.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 1
Comparison of nasopharyngeal swab and nasopharyngeal aspiration in adults for SARS‐CoV‐2 identification using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ünsaler Selin , Okan Ayşe , Tekin Süda , Hafız Ayşenur M. , Gökler Ozan , Altuntaş Ozan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe aimed to compare reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results of nasopharyngeal aspiration (NA) and nasopharyngeal swab (NS) samples in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. NS was obtained with a dacron swab and NA was performed by aspiration cannula. The sampling was performed by an otolaryngologist to ensure standardized correct sampling from the nasopharynx. RT‐PCR was performed for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The level of agreement between the result of NA and NS samples for each patient was analyzed. The Ct values were compared. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 56.3 years. Thirteen subjects resulted negative with both NS and NA; 20 subjects resulted positive with NA and 18 subjects resulted positive with NS. The mean values of Ct for NA samples and NS samples were 24.6 ± 5.9 and 24 ± 6.7, respectively. There was no statistical difference between Ct values of NA and NS samples (p = 0.48). RT‐PCR for SARS‐Cov2 performed with NA sample and NS sample showed a strong correlation regarding the positivity/negativity and the Ct values.
Performance assessment of seven SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays
Authors: Deshpande Ketki , PT Ullas , Kaduskar Ojas , Vijay Neetu , Rakhe Aparna , Vidhate Shankar , Khutwad Kirtee , Deshpande Gururaj Rao , Tilekar Bipin , Saka Sanskruti , Gadekar Kshitija , Patil Roshni , Yadav Pragya , Potdar Varsha , Gurav Yogesh , Gupta Priyanka , Kaur Harmanmeet , Narayan Jitendra , Sapkal Gajanan , Abraham Priya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pandemic of COVID‐19 has caused enormous fatalities worldwide. Serological assays are important for detection of asymptomatic or mild cases of COVID‐19, and sero‐prevalence and vaccine efficacy studies. Here, we evaluated and compared the performance of seven commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)s for detection of anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin G (IgG). The ELISAs were evaluated with a characterized panel of 100 serum samples from qRT‐PCR confirmed COVID‐19 patients, collected 14 days post onset disease, 100 SARS‐CoV‐2 negative samples and compared the results with that of neutralization assay. Results were analysed by creating the receiver operating characteristic curve of all the assays in reference to the neutralization assay. All kits, were found to be suitable for detection of IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 with high accuracy. The DiaPro COVID‐19 IgG ELISA showed the highest sensitivity (98%) among the kits. The assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2. However, the presence of IgG antibodies does not always correspond to neutralizing antibodies. Due to their good accuracy indices, these assays can also aid in tracing mild infections, in cohort studies and in pre‐vaccine evaluations.
The development of long temperature and precipitation series for Ascension Island
Authors: Jones Philip D. , Lister David H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAscension Island has had a long intermittent record of instrumental weather recording. Here, we develop monthly records of mean temperature and precipitation totals (for 1924–2020 when an almost complete record is available) from the three principal recording sites: the capital Georgetown and two gauges at Wideawake Airfield. Although some of the data are in global climate databases, we have sourced as much data as possible from the primary sources in the United Kingdom, the United States and from the island itself. Air temperature shows statistically significant warming since 1950 of 0.54°C and since 1979 of 0.40°C, and agrees closely with sea surface temperatures, taken from the seas around the island, back to the start of the island series in 1924. Although the island is too small to be in Reanalyses, the warming trends of air temperatures from these products also agree, but the absolute air temperature values are about 1°C cooler than measured on the island. Annual precipitation on the island indicates it is very arid, with a long‐term average of only 165 mm. Occasionally, heavy monthly precipitation totals occur (always between February and June) which bring severe damage to the island's infrastructure and ecosystems. The heaviest monthly total was 334 mm for April 1985.
Caribbean Low‐Level Jet future projections using a multiparameter ensemble of RegCM4 configurations
Authors: Vichot‐Llano Alejandro , Martinez‐Castro Daniel , Bezanilla‐Morlot Arnoldo , Centella‐Artola Abel , Gil‐Reyes Laura , Torres‐Alavez José Abraham , Corrales‐Suastegui Arturo , Giorgi Filippo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA multiparameter ensemble generated by four configurations of the regional model RegCM4 using different cumulus parameterizations and driven by the HadGEM2‐ES global model is used to project changes in the Caribbean wind field, with the focus on the Caribbean Low‐Level Jet (CLLJ). Two scenarios are considered, the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The CLLJ shows a strengthening (weakening) during the summer (winter) months compared to present day conditions in both a near future (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) time slice, with an eastward and northward expansion (contraction) in the core region. The warmer conditions produce an increase in specific humidity and an intensified moisture flux from the lower to the middle atmosphere in correspondence of the jet intensification. This occurs as a result of an expansion (contraction) of the North Atlantic Subtropical High of about +2 hPa (−2 hPa) into the Caribbean. All the changes are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level with a consensus across all the ensemble members.
Observed changes in seasonal drought characteristics and their possible potential drivers over Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Ma Xieyao , Yin Jun , Saleem Farhan , Syed Sidra , Omer Abubaker , Habtemicheal Birhanu Asmerom , Liu Mengyang , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong‐term drought monitoring and its assessment are of great importance for meteorological disaster risk management. The recurrent spells of heat waves and droughts have severely affected the environmental conditions worldwide, including Pakistan. The present work sought to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in drought characteristics over Pakistan during Rabi and Kharif cropping seasons. The role of large‐scale circulation and interannual mode of climate variability is further explored to identify the physical mechanisms associated with droughts in the region. Monthly precipitation and temperature data (1983–2019) from 53 meteorological stations were used to study drought characteristics, using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The nonparametric Mann–Kendall, Sen's Slope, and Sequential Mann–Kendall tests were applied on the drought index to determine the statistical significance and magnitude of the historical trend. The state‐of‐the‐art Bayesian Dynamic Linear model was further used to analyse large‐scale climate drivers of droughts, revealed an increase in drought severity, mostly over arid to semiarid regions for both cropping seasons. While temperature played a significant role in defining droughts over dry and hot seasons, rainfall is influential over the western disturbances influenced region. The analysis of atmospheric circulation patterns revealed that large‐scale changes in wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and geopotential height anomalies are the likely drivers of droughts in the region. We found that Niño4, sea surface temperature, and multivariate El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO4.0) Index are the most influential factors for seasonal droughts across Pakistan. Overall, the findings provide a better understanding of drought‐prone areas in the region, and this information is of potential use for mitigating and managing drought risks.
The potential of in situ Raman spectroscopy in the study of the health of cement‐based materials of modern buildings during restoration works
Authors: Prieto‐Taboada Nagore , Gómez‐Laserna Olivia , Ibarrondo Iratxe , Martinez‐Arkarazo Irantzu , Castro Kepa , Arana Gorka , Olazabal María Ángeles , Arrieta Iñaki , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough Raman spectroscopy is a common technique for the analysis of cement‐based materials in the research studies or in the field of Cultural Heritage to carried out multianalytical studies, it is not generally used as unique technique of a research or to carry out analysis during ordinary restoration works of modern urban buildings affected by environmental stressors. The disadvantages associated with Raman spectroscopy as fluorescence limits its implementation beyond research studies, more in the case of in situ equipment. However, the technological development allows high‐quality results with in situ equipment, so its use could be useful during restoration works. Thus, this work demonstrates how the implementation of the correct methodology could lead to useful and fast results during restoration works. The proposed methodology is based on the use of in situ analysis (screening) on the scaffolding, followed by the sampling of layers based on the previous screening and a posterior exhaustive laboratory analysis. The research has been conducted during the restoration works of a reinforced concrete building in which the attack of atmospheric acid gases (CO2, SO2, and NOx) was identified as the main affection suffered, and the fixed sulfates were the most important intermediary compounds of decaying processes. Many of the pollutants and decaying compounds were even identified during the in situ analysis, improving the anticipation and responsiveness. Therefore, this methodology allows the understanding of the chemistry of the materials to evaluate its health state in a fast and reliable way.