bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federalism, but how? The impact of vertical fiscal imbalance on economic growth. Evidence from Belgium*
Authors: Mitra Alessio , Chymis Athanasios 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper applies both parametric and nonparametric synthetic control methods in the case of a specific federal reform. It evaluates the impact of Belgium's constitutional federalism reform of 1993 on GDP per capita. The findings show a negative impact of the reform on economic growth. This negative impact ceases soon after 2001, when a subsequent reform reduced the vertical fiscal imbalance that characterized the 1993 federal reform. It is argued that the presence of a strong federalism with subnational spending autonomy and, conversely, a centralized tax system, enhanced pork barrel spending, a common pool problem, thus damaging economic growth.
Post Audit of Simulated Groundwater Flow to a Short‐Lived (2019 to 2020) Crater Lake at Kīlauea Volcano
Authors: Flinders Ashton F. , Kauahikaua James P. , Hsieh Paul A. , Ingebritsen Steven E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbout 14.5 months after the 2018 eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, liquid water started accumulating in the deepened summit crater, forming a lake that attained 51 m depth before rapidly boiling off on December 20, 2020, when an eruption from the crater wall poured lava into the lake. Modeling the growth of the crater lake at Kīlauea summit is important for assessing the potential for explosive volcanism. Our current understanding of the past 2500 years of eruptive activity at Kīlauea suggests a slight dominance of explosive behavior over effusive. The deepened summit crater and presence of the crater lake in 2019 raised renewed concerns about explosive activity. Groundwater models using hydraulic‐property data from a nearby drillhole successfully forecast the timing and rate of lake filling. Here we compare the groundwater‐model predictions with observational data through the demise of the crater lake, examine the implications for local water‐table configuration, consider the potential role of evaporation and recharge (neglected in previous models), and briefly discuss the energetics of the rapid boil‐off. This post audit of groundwater‐flow models of Kīlauea summit shows that simple models can sometimes be used effectively to simulate complex settings such as volcanoes.
Low immunogenicity of emicizumab in persons with haemophilia A
Authors: Schmitt Christophe , Emrich Thomas , Chebon Sammy , Fernandez Elena , Petry Claire , Yoneyama Koichiro , Kiialainen Anna , Howard Monet , Niggli Markus , Paz‐Priel Ido , Chang Tiffany 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a humanised, bispecific monoclonal antibody mimicking the cofactor function of activated factor (F)VIII. It is indicated for routine prophylaxis of bleeding episodes in persons with haemophilia A (PwHA) with/without FVIII inhibitors.AimTo evaluate the development of anti‐emicizumab antibodies and their impact on pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), efficacy and safety in PwHA.MethodsData from seven completed or ongoing phase 3 studies were pooled. The assessment of the immunogenicity profile of emicizumab included anti‐drug antibody (ADA) measurement and the association of ADAs with PK, PD, bleeding events, and adverse events.ResultsOf 668 PwHA evaluable for immunogenicity analysis, 34 (5.1%) developed ADAs after exposure to emicizumab. ADAs were transient in 14/34 PwHA (41.2%). ADAs were neutralising in vitro in 18/34 PwHA (52.9%) and associated with decreased emicizumab concentration in 4/668 evaluable PwHA (.6%); of those, one (.1%) discontinued emicizumab due to loss of efficacy. ADAs without decreased exposure did not impact emicizumab efficacy. The proportion of PwHA who had injection‐site reactions (ISRs) was higher in ADA‐positive PwHA (29.4% vs. 20.8%); however, the safety profile was similar between ADA‐positive and ADA‐negative PwHA, overall. No cases of anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity were reported in ADA‐positive participants.ConclusionThe immunogenicity risk of emicizumab in phase 3 studies was low. ADAs, including in vitro neutralising ADAs, were not associated with a change in safety profile. Routine surveillance is, therefore, not warranted; however, in cases where a loss and/or waning of efficacy are observed, prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider should be sought.
Women and girls with haemophilia receiving care at specialized haemophilia treatment centres in the United States
Authors: Miller Connie H. , Soucie J. Michael , Byams Vanessa R. , Payne Amanda B. , Sidonio Robert F. , Buckner Tyler W. , Bean Christopher J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionFemales may have haemophilia with the same factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) levels as affected males. Characterization of females with haemophilia would be useful for health care planning to meet their unique needs. Federally‐funded haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) in the United States contribute data on all individuals with bleeding disorders receiving care to the Population Profile (HTC PP) component of the Community Counts Public Health Surveillance of Bleeding Disorders project.AimsTo estimate the number of females with haemophilia receiving care at HTCs in the United States and compare their characteristics with those of males with haemophilia.MethodsHTC PP data collected on people receiving care at an HTC from January 2012 through September 2020 with haemophilia A and B were evaluated by sex for demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsA factor level < 40% was reported for 23,196 males (97.8%) and 1667 females (47.6%) attending HTCs; 51 (.48%) severe, 79 (1.4%) moderate, and 1537 (17.9%) mild haemophilia patients were female. Females were older, more often White, and less often non‐Hispanic than males. Females were less likely to have history of HIV or HCV infection, even among those with severe disease, but twice as likely to have infection status unknown. Females with mild haemophilia were more often uninsured than males.ConclusionsFemales with severe or moderate haemophilia are uncommon, even in specialized care centres; however, almost one in five patients with mild haemophilia was female, indicating needs for specialized care based on factor level and history for affected females.
Changes of static and dynamic spine alignment in patients with severe haemophilia
Authors: Hmida Jamil , Hilberg Thomas , Krüger Steffen , Jansen Tom R. , Goldmann Georg , Oldenburg Johannes , Wirtz Dieter C. , Strauss Andreas C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilic arthropathy results in a restricted range of motion and pain that often affects gait. The effect of these gait changes on spinal posture has not been studied.AimTo evaluate whether the altered joint situation in patients with haemophilia (PwH) leads to compensatory mechanisms evident in the trunk and spine, considering static and dynamic conditions.MethodsPwH and healthy controls (20–65 years) were examined using rasterstereography in a controlled cohort study. Analysis was performed in static and dynamic conditions in regard to gait phases. Joint status was determined using the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS).ResultsStatic measurements showed no group differences in PwH (n = 40) compared to healthy controls (n = 40) except pelvic torsion (median [25%‐quartile;75%‐quartile]: ‐1.9[‐3.2;.9]° vs. .5[‐1.1;1.9]°; P = .007). In contrast, under dynamic conditions PwH showed significantly higher trunk inclination and lower apex lumbar lordosis in all gait phases. Additionally, pelvic torsion was increased in mid stance and terminal swing. Considering joint status, PwH had a higher global HJHS (23.5[13.0;30.0] vs. 3.0[1.0;5.0]; P<.001). A significant moderate correlation was shown between the HJHS mobility score and spine parameters (r = .228–.588; P<.05).ConclusionDegenerative joint changes in PwH lead to altered spine posture during gait. A reason could be the reduced mobility in the affected joint. Changes in spinal and pelvic posture lead to higher structural burdens; therefore, clinicians should focus on posture of spinal column during gait in daily treatment.
COVID‐19 information seeking needs and behaviour among citizens in Isfahan, Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Soleymani Mohammad Reza , Esmaeilzadeh Maedeh , Taghipour Faezeh , Ashrafi‐rizi Hasan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccess to reliable and credible health information improves individuals’ personal care level in crises, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It subsequently results in enhancing the community's health and reducing the health system's costs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the COVID‐19 related information seeking behaviour demonstrated by citizens in Isfahan, Iran.MethodsThis research was conducted in 2020 and employed a qualitative approach using conventional content analysis. The research population was selected from almost different social classes of people in Iran using purposive sampling. The saturation point was reached at 24 semi‐structured interviews. The data's soundness was confirmed based on the criteria of credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability proposed by Guba and Lincoln.ResultsThe findings revealed five subcategories and 25 codes within the information seeking behaviour. The subcategories included attitude towards the COVID‐19 crisis, information needs, information resources, information validation and information seeking barriers.ConclusionPeople seek information from various resources to update their knowledge and become more prepared in the face of COVID‐19. The findings can be used to develop policies on informing and preventing the dissemination of false information in crises, such as the COVID‐19 crisis.
1. CHASING INDIA IN MEXICO CITY
Authors: ZAMAN TAYMIYA R. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTA paradox informs the writing of Mexican and Indian history. In Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico (2006), Camilla Townsend writes that Mexico was conquered and could never be conquered because indigenous ways of being in the world survived, adapted, and continued. Similarly, in A Book of Conquest: The Chachnama and Muslim Origins in South Asia (2016), Manan Ahmed Asif writes that Sindh was conquered by British armies but cities such as Uch, in which shrines and trees remain imbued with the sacred, point to that which is impossible to conquer. If change itself has unchanging essence embedded within it (we must know what Sindh or Mexico are in order to recognize that they have changed), then what would it mean for postcolonized historians to think more deeply about what historical narrative cannot conquer, tame, or control? How might we think about ways of doing history that we have internalized despite these being products of European conquest themselves? To reflect on these questions, I draw on my forays into Mexican history as a Mughal historian and discuss how examining premodern and modern encounters between the Muslim world and the Americas might open windows into unexplored ways of inhabiting the past and present.
2. READING ACROSS FIRISHTA AND CHIMALPAHIN
Authors: ASIF MANAN AHMED 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I reflect on the position of a postcolonized historian traversing space and time, thinking and linking to histories of European arrivals to Mexico and India. The essay is concerned with early seventeenth‐century histories by Chimalpahin and Firishta, who documented their worlds before and after the arrival of Europeans. I argue for a transregional decolonial approach to thinking about historical violence and the formation of disciplinary histories.
3. RESPONSES FROM LATIN AMERICA: THOUGHTS OF A CONTEMPORARY SCHOLAR AND OF THE SEVENTEENTH‐CENTURY INDIGENOUS HISTORIAN CHIMALPAHIN
Authors: TOWNSEND CAMILLA 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis essay is a response to this forum's other two essays, which are by Taymiya R. Zaman and Manan Ahmed Asif. In it, I share in the excitement presently generated in the field of history by the effort to make South‐South connections and yet also warn of the inherent limitations of such efforts. Subaltern studies famously failed to take hold among Latin Americanists, largely because the colonial context there was so profoundly different than in South Asia that it failed to illuminate history in the same ways. I assert that what Zaman and Asif attempt to do in their essays differs significantly from what subaltern studies scholars have done because they visit Latin America, literally and figuratively, in order to foster new lines of thinking in their writings about Asia. In response, I begin by considering what forays into Asia would likely do for the study of Mexico. Then, to test the forum contributors' modern assumptions about the usefulness of such efforts, I consider what Chimalpahin, the greatest of the colonial Nahua historians, revealed about his own interest in using the notion of Asia to think with.
CATASTROPHE NOW
Authors: Catlin Jonathon 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLiterary scholar Eva Horn's The Future as Catastrophe: Imagining Disaster in the Modern Age investigates why modern Western culture so often imagines its own end. Through insightful readings of modern literature, film, and philosophical and sociological discourses, Horn argues that our hunger for apocalypse narratives—chief among them those about the so‐called Last Man—is rooted in a deep‐seated but diffuse mood of risk and crisis that has been generated by contingent and often imperceptible threats, such as impending nuclear disaster and climate change. Without concrete events to anchor it, this anxiety grows and paralyzes action. Representing these possible catastrophes through fiction provides us with cathartic, vivid, and plausible depictions of discrete events. Imagining such scenarios also serves as a practical means of preparing ourselves individually and collectively for possible threats, in turn helping to make them self‐defeating prophecies. One of Horn's central claims is that fiction's capacity to imagine and capture affect, nuance, and detail offers a uniquely powerful means of thinking about the future. This essay challenges that position by arguing that fiction (though it is, as Donna J. Haraway has quipped, often the best political theory) on its own lacks the capacity for critique that connects imagined future catastrophes to their latent causes in presently catastrophic social conditions. Horn illustrates that imagined future catastrophes often illuminate the latent vulnerabilities of the societies that produced them, but her focus on apocalyptic scenarios reproduces, rather than challenges, cultural patterns that obscure more quotidian and destructive forms of “slow violence” and “slow disaster.” If historians and critics are to achieve the consciousness of catastrophic threats against which Horn seeks to mobilize apocalypse fiction, such narratives must also be folded back into a critical history of the present that asks a more pointed political question: for whom is life already catastrophic?
Prevalence of filaggrin loss‐of‐function variants in Chilean population with and without atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cárdenas Geovanna V. , Iturriaga Carolina , Hernández Caroll D. , Tejos‐Bravo Macarena , Pérez‐Mateluna Guillermo , Cabalin Carolina , Urzúa Marcela , Venegas‐Salas Luis F. , Fraga Juan P. , Rebolledo Boris , Poli Maria C. , Repetto Gabriela M. , Casanello Paola , Castro‐Rodríguez José A. , Borzutzky Arturo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFilaggrin (FLG) loss‐of‐function variants are major genetic risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD), but these have not been studied in Latin American populations with and without AD.MethodsFLG variants R501X and 2282del4 were genotyped in 275 Chilean adults with and without AD from the “Early origins of allergy and asthma” (ARIES) cohort and in 227 patients from an AD cohort based in Santiago, Chile.ResultsAmong adults in the ARIES cohort, 3.3% were carriers of R501X and 2.9% of 2282del4 variants, all heterozygotes. In this cohort, 6.2% were FLG variant carriers: 11.1% of subjects reporting AD were carriers of FLG variants vs. 5.2% in those without AD (P = 0.13). In this first cohort, FLG variants were not significantly associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, or food allergy. In the AD cohort, the prevalence of FLG variants was 7% for R501X, 2.2% for the 2282del4 variant, and 9.3% for the combined genotype. In this cohort, FLG variants were present in 15.5% of severe AD vs. 7.1% of mild‐to‐moderate AD subjects (P = 0.056). Evaluation of Chilean population from both cohorts combined (n = 502) revealed that FLG variants were not significantly associated with AD (OR = 1.92 [95% CI 0.95–3.9], P = 0.067) but were associated with asthma (OR = 2.16 [95% CI 1.02–4.56], P = 0.039).ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate FLG loss‐of‐function variants R501X and 2282del4 in Latin American population, revealing a similar prevalence of these FLG variant carriers to that of European populations. Among Chileans, FLG variants were significantly associated with asthma but not AD.
Beyond street‐level bureaucracy: the organisational culture of migration policy‐making and administrative elites
Authors: Wakisaka Daisuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMigration policies are shaped by multiple actors, including politicians, business sectors, civil society and the courts. Literature has to date elucidated the role and agency of each of these actors in order to theorize the policy‐making process and its interplay with the lives of migrants. Nevertheless, the institutional functions of government officials, namely bureaucrats, have been significantly understudied, although they are the primary decision‐makers in framing and implementing regulations. Drawing on in‐depth qualitative research conducted in Japan, this article sheds light on the organizational culture of administrative elites in designing migration policies. The findings show that human resource practices and organizational positions predicate risk averse behaviour, consequently limiting the development of innovative policies. The paper finally argues that a paradigm shift in migration policy‐making is required in tackling the communal challenges of wealthy states.
Psychological disorder diagnosis is no cure for trait inferences bias
Authors: Jacinto Sofia , Braga João Niza , Ferreira Marina Silva , Collins Elizabeth C. , Krendl Anne C. , Lewis Cara C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, maladaptive behavior stemming from a psychological disorder should not be attributed to personality. Attribution of behavioral symptoms to personality may undermine treatment‐seeking and therapy outcomes and increase the stigmatization of the mentally ill. Although people adjust dispositional inferences given contextual alternative causes, we propose that beliefs in the stability and controllability of mental illness could lead to confounded representations of personality and psychological disorders. In six studies we tested whether people adjust dispositional inferences given a psychological disorder as they do give a physical impairment. Participants made trait ratings from short behavioral descriptions and corresponding contextual accounts. When the putative cause for the behavior was a psychological disorder, people did not reduce the trait inference to the extent they did when the cause was a physical impairment, except when the psychological disorder was presented as controllable/unstable. This suggests a conflation of psychological disorders with personality.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Bangladesh: Findings from National Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Khan Md. Nuruzzaman , Oldroyd John C. , Chowdhury Enayet K. , Hossain Mohammad Bellal , Rana Juwel , Renzetti Stefano , Islam Rakibul M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate the age‐standardised prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and to identify their risk factors in Bangladeshi adults. Data from 12 904 adults aged 18–95 years, available from the most recent nationally representative 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey were used. Hypertension was defined as having systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, and/or taking anti‐hypertensive drugs to control blood pressure. Age‐standardized prevalence of hypertension and management were estimated with direct standardisation. A multilevel mixed‐effects Poisson regression model with a robust variance was used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension and its awareness, treatment, and control. The overall age‐standardized prevalence of hypertension was 26.2% (95% CI, 25.5‐26.9); (men: 23.5%, women: 28.9%). Among those with hypertension (n = 3531), 36.7% were aware that they had the condition, and only 31.1% received anti‐hypertensive medication. The prevalence of controlled hypertension was 12.7% among those with hypertension and 43.6% among those treated for hypertension (n = 1306). Factors independently associated with hypertension were increasing age, higher body mass index, being women, having diabetes, and residing in selected administrative divisions. A declining trend of hypertension control was observed with increasing age and low education. Hypertension is highly prevalent (one in four) in Bangladeshi adults, while awareness, treatment, and control are low. Irrespective of the risks associated with hypertension and its management, programs to increase its awareness, treatment, and control should be given high priority in reducing hypertension prevalence and improving hypertension control in Bangladesh.
The association between fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) genotype and serum vitamin D level in breast cancer patients
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Mokhtari Zohreh , Doaei Saeid , Jalili Vahideh , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Jonoush Mona , Akbari Mohammad Esmail , Hajipour Azadeh , Bahar Bojlul , Tabesh Ghasem Azizi , Omidi Saeed , Mosavi Jarrahi Seyed Alireza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe preventive effect of vitamin D against breast cancer can be influenced by gene polymorphisms. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D and FTO genotype in breast cancer patients. A cross‐sectional study was carried out on 180 newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer in Tehran, Iran. The blood samples were collected from the participants in order to assess the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism by the tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system (Tetra‐ARMS) PCR method. The serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D was measured using the direct competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The association between vitamin D and the FTO genotype in patients with breast cancer was assessed after adjustment for cofounders. The frequency of TT, AT and AA genotypes in the breast cancer patients were 43% (n = 77), 49% (n = 89) and 8% (n = 14), respectively. All patients with higher than 40 ng/dl of serum 25(OH) vitamin D had one or two copies of FTO rs9939609 risk allele (p = 0.019). No linear association was found between the number of FTO risk allele and the level of serum vitamin D. All patients with high serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D had one or two copies of FTO rs9939609 risk allele. FTO gene polymorphisms may counteract the beneficial effects of vitamin D in breast cancer prevention. Further studies can help to better understand the genetic factors predisposing to breast cancer and their effect on the association between vitamin D and breast cancer.