bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Benzotriazole Phosphite Ammonium Salt Derivative (PN) Extreme Pressure Additive to Improve Gear Oil Tribological Properties
Authors: Fan Fengqi , Liu Qi , Zhou Kang , Wang Liping , Wei Binbin , Dong Guangneng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new benzotriazole phosphite ammonium salt derivative extreme pressure additive called PN was synthesized. Four-ball experiments and SRV experiments were used to test the high temperature and extreme pressure performance of PN additive, and comparisons were made with the commonly used additives including ZDDP and T304. The results show that the COF and wear amount of the PN additive in the four-ball experiment were much smaller than that of the ZDDP and T304 additives. The COF of the PN additive in the RSV experiment changed slightly with temperature, and it had better high temperature extreme pressure performance in friction reduction than the traditional ZDDP and T304 additives. When the temperature was 120oC, the COF of PN was about 30% lower than that of traditional additives. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the failure temperature of PN additives was within 180-200oC, and the thermal stability was better than that of ZDDP and T304. After the four-ball test, SEM was used to observe the morphology of wear spots on the ball surface. It was found that the wear spots containing PN additive had slight adhesive wear, while those containing ZDDP and T304 showed serious adhesion and ploughing wear, and the surface appeared peeling and tearing. XPS was used to detect the chemical composition of friction surface containing PN additive, and thus the formation process of film on frictional surface was analyzed.
Mathematical Modeling of Intraplaque Neovascularization and Hemorrhage in a Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Cai Y , Pan Jichao , Li Zhiyong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Growing experimental evidence has identified neovascularization from the adventitial vasa vasorum and induced intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) as critical indicators during the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In this study, we propose a mathematical model incorporating intraplaque angiogenesis and hemodynamic calculation of the microcirculation, in order to obtain the quantitative evaluation of the influences of intraplaque neovascularization and hemorrhage on the vulnerable plaque development. A two-dimensional nine-point model of angiogenic microvasculature is generated based on histology of a patient’s carotid plaque. The intraplaque angiogenesis model includes three key cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages) and three key chemical factors (vascular endothelial growth factors, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase), which densities and concentrations are described by a series of reaction-diffusion equations. The hemodynamic calculation by coupling the intravascular blood flow, the extravascular plasma flow and the transvascular transport is carried out on the generated angiogenic microvessel network. We then define the IPH area by using the plasma concentration in the interstitial tissue, as well as the extravascular transport across the capillary wall. Results The simulational results reproduce a series of pathophysiological phenomena during the atherosclerotic plaque progression, such as the high microvessel density region at the shoulder areas, the enlarged necrotic core, and the IPH caused by the extravascular plasma flow across the leaky wall of the neovasculature. The simulational results show significant consistency with both the MR imaging data and in vitro experimental observations in quantity ground. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of model parameters reveals that the IPH area and extent can be reduced significantly by decreasing the MVD and the wall permeability of the neovasculature. Conclusions The current quantitative model could help us to better understand the roles of microvascular and intraplaque hemorrhage during the carotid plaque progression.
The Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction on the Mortality in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Sato Ryota , Dugar Siddharth , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Schleicher Mary , Collier Patrick , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Duggal Abhijit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have found various incidences of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) and its association with clinical outcome. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the impact of the presence of RVD on mortality in patients with ARDS.Method: We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies investigating the association between RVD and mortality. Two authors independently evaluated whether studies meet eligibility criteria and extracted the selected patients’ and studies’ characteristics and outcomes. The primary outcome was the association between mortality and the presence of RVD in patients with ARDS. Results: We included 9 studies (N = 1,861 patients) in this meta-analysis. RVD was present in 21.0% (391/1,861). In the pooled meta-analysis, the presence of RVD in patients with ARDS was associated with significantly higher overall mortality (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.13-1.86, p-value = 0.003, I2 = 0%), as well as short-term mortality (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.14-1.93, p-value = 0.003, I2 = 0%).Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis including 1,861 patients with ARDS, the presence of RVD was significantly associated with increased overall and short-term mortality.Trial registration: The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020206521).
Paper-based ELISA Diagnosis Technology for Human Brucellosis Based on a Multiepitope Fusion Protein
Authors: Yin Dehui , Bai Qiongqiong , Wu Xiling , Li Han , Shao Jihong , Sun Mingjun , Jiang Hai , Zhang Jingpeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: At present, as a serious zoonotic infectious disease, the incidence of brucellosis is increasing each year worldwide, exhibiting signs of resurgence. Brucellosis seriously threatens the health of humans, and it is necessary to strengthen the methods utilized for its rapid and accurate diagnosis.Methods: Bioinformatic technology was used to predict B-cell epitopes of the main outer membrane proteins of Brucella and subsequently verified the antigenicity of these epitopes. Prepared a Brucella multiepitope fusion protein and verified the antigenicity of the protein by indirect ELISA. Whatman filter paper was then modified with nano-zinc oxide to construct a paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) technology for the diagnosis of brucellosis.Results: A total of 22 linear B cell epitopes were predicted. Each epitope could recognize some brucellosis sera. The constructed multiepitope fusion protein had good antigenicity and significantly reduced cross-reaction compared with LPS. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 92.38% and 98.35%, the positive predictive value was 98.26%, and the negative predictive value was 91.67%.Conclusions: A multiepitope fusion protein of Brucella was successfully prepared, and a rapid diagnostic technique for brucellosis was established. This technology has potential application value and can be used for the rapid diagnosis of brucellosis.
Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from Glioma Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions Induce Pericyte-Phenotype Transition of Glioma Stem Cells.
Authors: Cheng Yue , Li Shijie , Hou Yongying , Wang Weijun , Wang Ke , Yuan Ye , Ye Xiufeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe prognosis of malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is dismal despite advances in surgery, radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Thus, alternative therapy strategies are urgently needed. Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer offers the possibility of universal efficacy. However, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that this therapy using anti-VEGF drug Avastin (Bevacizumab) may lead to a pro-migratory phenotype in therapy resistant GBM and thus actively promote tumor invasion and recurrent tumor growth. MethodsAn ultracentrifugation strategy was used to isolate glioma-derived sEVs under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to characterize these isolated particles. Cytochalasin D was added to disrupt cellular sEVs uptake. A tube formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenic activity, while ELISAs and Western blotting were used to assess the activated TGF-β signaling pathway. The effects of sEVs on glioma stem cells (GSCs) in vivo were evaluated using subcutaneous xenografts model system in nude mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were set out to evaluate the pericyte-phenotype transition of GSCs.ResultsIn this present study, we showed that hypoxia could promote the release of sEVs by glioblastoma cells and hypoxia-induced glioma-derived sEVs could be taken up by GSCs. This internalization of sEVs promoted tumor growth in mouse Xenografts through the pericyte-phenotype transition of GSCs. We also demonstrated hypoxia-derived sEVs can efficiently deliver TGF-β1 to GSCs. The activated TGF-β signaling pathway mediated this kind of phenotype transition. In addition, combination of Ibrutinib and Bevacizumab showed more effective in targeting GBM. Conclusions﻿This present study provides a new interpretation to the failure of antiangiogenesis therapy in noncurative surgical resection of GBM, and discovers promising brain-specific therapeutic targets for this damaging tumor.
Should the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Be Cross-culturally Used, and Should It Be Interviewer-administered to Illiterate People? Findings From a Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation Study in Nigeria
Authors: Igwesi-Chidobe Chinonso , Muomah Rosemary C , Sorinola Isaac O , Godfrey Emma L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNo available measure of anxiety and depression exists for illiterate non-English speaking Igbo Nigerians who have one of the greatest global burden of back pain. This study translated, culturally adapted and psychometrically tested the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in rural and urban Nigerian populations with chronic low back pain (CLBP). MethodsHADS was translated forwards and backwards by clinical and non-clinical translators; appraised by an expert review committee; and pre-tested among twelve rural Nigerian dwellers with CLBP. Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman plots and minimal detectable change were investigated amongst 50 rural and urban Nigerian dwellers with CLBP. Construct validity was investigated using Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and eleven-point box scale of pain intensity; and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using randomly selected 200 adults with CLBP in rural Nigeria. ResultsThere was difficulty achieving cross-cultural equivalence with western idioms. Internal consistency, intra class correlation coefficients, standard error of measurements, and minimal detectable change were good. Igbo-HADS correlated at least moderately with generic self-reported disability, self-reported back pain-specific disability, fear avoidance beliefs and pain intensity. The EFA produced a two-factor structure and cross-loading of items. The CFA showed no good fit indices for the Igbo-HADS EFA structure, and the original two-factor and one-factor structures identified in the literature. ConclusionIgbo-HADS measures emotional distress. However, the suitability of the HADS for assessing anxiety and depression, or emotional distress in this particular population is doubtful.
Are Oil Spills Enhancing Outbreaks of Red Tides in the Chinese Coastal Waters from 1973-2017?
Authors: LIU xin , zhang chunchang , geng ruiying , lv xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Between 1973–2017, evidences of red-tide outbreaks and oil spill accidents in the Chinese coastal waters were collected. Statistical analysis and multiple regression models were used to determine the relationship between the red tide and the oil spill. Major findings reveal that, (1) the frequency of red tides positively correlates to the number of oil spills and the volume of oil spilled as well; (2) The higher percentage of small spills (< 7 tonnes) are more likely to enhance the outbreaks of red tides; (3) More severe oil spill with penalty recorded implies a higher possibility to trigger the red tide afterwards. Therefore, oil spill contingency management aiming at preventing oil spills and mitigating spill effect could be of benefit to decrease the frequency of red tides as well. For example, it is suggested to carry out physical combat instead of chemical dispersants to remove the spilled oil in the shallow coastal areas for reducing the outbreak risk of red tides after the oil spill. The findings from this study shed light on the preventative management of red tides occurrence in the Chinese coastal waters and the similar coastal region elsewhere.
Effects of Exenatide on Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Chen Ruofei , Jia Yangyang , Shuai Zongwen , Chen Mingwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exenatide on blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Method: Thirty patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled as the case group, and 30 healthy people with matching age and sex were selected as the control group. Patients in the case group received exenatide treatment for 8 weeks. Collect the general clinical data and biochemical indicators of the patients in the case group before and after 8 weeks of exenatide treatment and the control subjects, and detect their peripheral blood platelet count (×1012 g/L), plasma prothrombin time (PT, s), prothrombin time activity (PTA, %), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, s), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB, g/L), plasma thrombin time (TT, s) , Fibrin degradation products (FDP, μg/mL), D-dimer (DD, μg/mL), nitric oxide (NO, μmol/L), CD62p (%), platelet activation complex-1 (PAC-1, %) and platelet aggregation induced by collagen, epinephrine, arachidonic acid (AA, %), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP, %).Results: There was no significant difference in platelet count, PLT, PT, PTA, APTT, TT, INR, FDP, DD between the case group and the control group; the FIB, CD62p, PAC-1, platelet aggregation rates of the case group (EPI 87.23±6.84 , ADP 87.51±9.21, AA 90.17±3.19) is higher than normal control group (EPI 82.15±5.37, ADP 82.38±6.42, AA 83.41±6.17, P＜0.05), NO level is lower than normal control group (68.1±14.7 vs. 79.4±11.2, P<0.05); After 8 weeks of exenatide treatment in the case group, CD62p, PAC-1, and platelet aggregation rates were lower than before (EPI: 81.62±9.02 vs. 87.23±6.84, AA: 84.62±7.12 vs. 90.17±3.19, P＜0.05), the level of NO was higher than before (89.6±15.8 vs. 68.1±14.7); Pearson correlation analysis showed that the changes in platelet aggregation rates (Δ EPI, ΔAA) of patients in the case group after 8 weeks of exenatide treatment were positively correlated with the changes in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), weight (kg), total cholesterol (TCH, mmol/L), triglycerides (TG, mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C, mmol/L), fasting plasma glucose (FPG, mmol/L), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, %), CD62p, PAC-1 (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the change of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C, mmol/L) and NO (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the changes of NO, CD62p and PAC-1 were independent risk factors affecting the changes of platelet aggregation rates.Conclusions: The GLP-1R agonist exenatide can inhibit the activation state of platelets in patients with T2DM, reduce the platelet aggregation rate, and inhibit thrombosis, which is beneficial to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
Developing a Nomogram for Predicting Risk of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Children With Severe Adenovirus Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Yin , Lin Jilei , Fu Zhou , Dai Jihong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The recognition of the development of poor outcomes in children with HAdV infection in early stage of the disease is vital because of high mortality rates. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram in predicting risk of IMV in children with SAdVP at the early stage of the disease.Methods: The retrospective study collected clinical data of hospitalized children with SAdVP in general wards of a 1900-bed teaching hospital in Chongqing, China (2015-2019). The nomogram was built by using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by discrimination, calibration and clinical utility. Results: Two hundred and seven children with SAdVP were included. Age, level of albumin, atelectasis and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme were identified as predictors in the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.91) in the training set and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69-0.94) in the validating set. A good consistency was observed between the predictions and the actual observations, and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusions: Nomogram to predict the risk of IMV in children with SAdVP in general wards was established and validated. It may be a valuable tool for clinicians to recognize the risk of IMV for children with SAdVP at the early stage of the disease.
Post Intensive Care Unit Follow-up General Health Survey: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Academic Hospital
Authors: Aljuhani Ohoud , Tirkistani Albatool , Albeeshy Muna , Alnahdi Afnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the tremendous efforts regarding post hospital discharge services, the literature regarding health status, social and medical support of ICU survivors in Saudi Arabia is very limited. This study aimed to involve pharmacists to conduct a general survey to assess health, medical and social status of ICU survivors. Methods: This was a cross- sectional study conducted at a tertiary academic center in Saudi Arabia. The phone survey has been conducted by the study investigators after getting a verbal consent for participation. Results: Majority of our participants have no issues in concentration and only small percentage reported that they experience one or more of anxiety, depression, despair, and blue mood. A larger percentage of our subjects were satisfied by the support they received from their relatives, social support, and access to medical services. Conclusion: ICU survivors discharged from one center in Saudi Arabia reported great general health and satisfied by social and medical support but functional and mental status and multidisciplinary team approach worth further investigations.
Cryogenic Treatment Analysis in WEDM of Al2024/Al2O3/W Composite
Authors: Raza Muhammad Huzaifa , Ali Muhammad Asad , Tahir Waseem , Zhong Ray Y. , Mufti Nadeem Ahmad , Ahmad Naveed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasing demand for aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) in the manufacturing sector leads to the development of squeeze casted hybrid AMCs bearing superior mechanical attributes. Excessive hardness due to squeeze pressure and the presence of reinforcement particles makes the machining of AMCs challenging and results in excessive tool wear and inadequate surface finish. Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) process has been preferred over conventional manufacturing processes for the machining of squeeze casted Al2024/Al2O3/W hybrid composite. This study investigates the selection of the most pertinent wire electrode for the precise machining of Al2024/Al2O3/W. Simple zinc-coated (NT) and cryogenic treated (CT) brass wire electrodes have been selected for machining. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of CT wire shows that cryogenic treatment enhances the soundness and stability by reducing microcavities in its microstructure. To analyze the effects of cryogenic treatment, the machining performance of CT wire has been compared with NT wire. Besides wire type, the influence of key input variables has also been analyzed on the imperative response measures including cutting speed (CS), surface roughness (SR) and kerf width (KW) to make the machining process more effective. Microstructural analysis of NT wire depicts a high concentration of micro-voids, micro-cracks, and deep craters, while the surface of CT has been observed relatively fine after the machining. Comparative analysis of both wire electrodes has declared that CT wire yields 26.96% and 15.10% superior results for CS and SR respectively, and 6.92% deprived results for KW than NT wire.
Optic Nerve Head Microcirculation in Eyes With Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Accompanied by Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: a Case Report
Authors: Yamashita Yui , Hashimoto Yuki , Namba Kenichi , Mizuuchi Kazuomi , Ishida Susumu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: It has been reported that anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is an infrequent complication of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease; however, the physiological changes have not been understood. We quantitatively examined sequential changes in the morphology and circulation hemodynamics using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) C-scan and laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in a patient with VKH disease accompanied by AION.Case presentation: A 65-year-old female complained of blurred vision in both of her eyes. She presented with optic disc swelling and remarkable choroidal thickening detected by OCT bilaterally. Indocyanine green angiography in the middle phase showed multiple hypofluorescent dark dots scattering around the fundus. With the use of Goldmann perimetry, bilateral visual field defects were detected; these were similar to those of inferior altitudinal hemianopsia. Pleocytosis was detected. The patient was diagnosed with VKH disease, suspected to be accompanied by AION in both eyes. She received methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone. With these treatments, optic disc swelling disappeared; however, optic disc atrophy with visual field defects remained in both eyes. An OCT C-scan showed the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness getting thinner below the normal range, and LSFG showed a decrease in optic nerve head tissue microcirculation during follow-up. These results supported the occurrence of AION in this patient with VKH disease.Conclusion: The analyses of GCC and cpRNFL thicknesses with an OCT C-scan and optic nerve head microcirculation with LSFG would be useful for supporting the occurrence of AION in cases of VKH disease.