bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Health Competencies: A Survey of U.S. Nurse Practitioner Programs
Authors: Bellack Janis P , Musham Catherine , Hainer Anne , Graber David R , Holmes Dylan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Because of widespread public and governmental concern about the health effects of environmental hazards and exposure in recent years, and the increasing incidence of environmentally-induced diseases, it is important that primary care nurse practitioners possess the knowledge and skills to effectively address environmental health as a component of their practice. A mailed questionnaire survey of 187 U.S. nurse practitioner (NP) programs was conducted, with a response rate of 64%, to determine: 1) current and ideal emphasis on environmental health, 2) faculty preparation for teaching environmental health, 3) environmental health competencies expected of graduates, 4) didactic and clinical contact hours devoted to environmental health, and 5) barriers and incentives to greater emphasis on environmental health. Findings reveal that more than two-thirds of NP program directors believe there should be greater emphasis on environmental health in their programs, but expressed concerns about overcrowded curricula and lack of faculty preparation as barriers to change. Competencies with the highest mean ratings included understanding the relationship between environmental hazards and human health, accessing information resources related to environmental hazards and health, and counseling clients about how they can reduce risks associated with environmental hazards. The two factors identified as most likely to increase the emphasis on environmental health in NP programs were having nurse faculty with expertise and being able to access information resources related to environmental health. Currently, insufficient attention is given to environmental health in nurse practitioner education programs.
Student/Faculty Practice and Research in Occupational Health: Health Promotion and Outcome Evaluation
Authors: Wold Judith L , Williams Armenia M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Faculty strive to connect theory and practice with real life situations for students. This study evolved from student intervention with small industries aa part of their undergraduate community health nursing clinical experience. A pre-experimental static group design was used to explore the impact of health service availability on selected cardiovascular risk factors. Levels of health service: a) no service; b) student service; and c) formal health care service were compared. Chi-square, t-tests and MANOVA analyses supported three hypotheses that student intervention was equally as successful as formal health care service in reducing the selected cardiovascular risk factors of high weight to height ratios, blood pressure readings above 140/90 on three separate measurements, total cholesterol readings above accepted norms and a health risk profile which identifies risk for cardiovascular disease.
Learning About Another Culture: Project and Curricular Reflections
Authors: Spitzer Ada , Kesselring Annemarie , Ravid Carol , Tamir Batya , Granot Michal , Noam Rivka 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Over the past two years, an innovative collaborative project in the care of Ethiopian Jews who immigrated to Israel has been carried out. In this project, both students and faculty joined in activities of research and practice through a clinic at a trailer court that houses 96 Ethiopian immigrant families. This project brought about several favorable changes: a) Health of the underprivileged and underserved was enhanced through bi-weekly services provided to the poor and sick trailer court inhabitants; b) An educational program for learning in a crosscultural community setting was developed. This curricula advanced recognition of the growing cultural and racial diversity of both individual and family lifestyles, as well as allowed for learning events that are based on substantive contact with, or participation by, persons at health risk; c) An educational milieu that fosters the use of research-based interventions was developed. This article describes the cross-cultural educational project which was designed as a pilot for a new baccalaureate program in nursing, and critiques it based on the criteria of the five major concepts- primacy of the teacher-student relationship, social responsibility, centrality of caring, interpretive stance and theoretical pluralism, proposed by the promoters of the "curriculum revolution."
Grading Journals in Clinical Practice: A Delicate Issue
Authors: Holmes Vicki 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTOffering students opportunities to gain a strong sense of self, a positive professional image, and a chance to articulate their clinical practice is a challenge for nurse educators. Writing journals in clinical placements is one way in which students can create a dialogue with their teacher and reflect upon and explore their clinical experiences in the context in which these experiences occur. However, grading journals according to numerous predetermined criteria can sabotage the benefits and opportunities of writing journals. Judgment and control are two aspects of evaluation and subsequent grading that can sabotage the benefits. Limiting predetermined criteria and not assigning grades to students' journals are two answers to this delicate issue.
Contrast Sensitivity Functions in Normal Children With the Vistech Method
Authors: Rogers Gary L , Bremer Don L , Leguire L E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Vistech Contrast Sensitivity Function tester (VCTS 6500-1) for distance was evaluated to determine the minimum age of children who could complete the test and to determine changes in the CSF as a function of age. A total of 72 normal children between the ages of 24 and 84 months were tested twice with each eye. The results revealed that no child below 36 months of age could complete the test and by 48 months of age 50% could complete the test. By 60 months all children could complete the test. It was also found that as age increased the CSF increased equally at all spatial frequencies. A comparison between the eyes of the CSFs revealed a highly statistically significant correlation of 0.78, which showed that the eyes were very similar. Testretest correlations (0.78) also were highly statistically significant, which demonstrated that the test was very reliable. The results are discussed within the context of screening young children for visual disorders and the evaluation of patching therapy for amblyopia.
Visual Pathway Abnormalities in Albinism and Infantile Nystagmus: VECPs and Stereoacuity Measurements
Authors: Guo Suqin , Reinecke Robert D , Fendick Michael , Calhoun Joseph H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The visual pathway of albinos is characterized by abnormal optic nerve fiber decussation with increased contralateral projection. This results in hemispheric asymmetry of monocular visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) and may be related to lack of stereopsis. Flash VECP, Random Dot E (RDE), and Titmus stereotest data were collected from 40 nystagmus patients, 19 albino and 21 with normal pigmentation. Data were compared with results obtained from 19 race- and age-matched normal subjects. All albino patients demonstrated hemispheric VECP asymmetries exceeding ± 2.0 standard deviations from the normal mean, showing either delayed ipsilateral P latency (88%), reduced ipsilateral P amplitude (59%), or both (47%). None of the normally pigmented Infantile nystagmus patients exceeded this criteria on either VECP measure. While only one albinotic patient showed positive RDE and stereofly results, 86% of normally pigmented nystagmus patients passed the stereofly test, 60% demonstrated 400 sec (Titmus) stereopsis, and 66% showed positive RDE results. These findings reveal that normally pigmented infantile nystagmus patients have variable degrees of stereopsis and no excessive abnormalities of optic nerve fiber decussation as evidenced by flash VECP. Additionally, this study verifies visual pathway abnormalities and the lack of stereopsis in albino nystagmus patients.
Study of Chart Designs and Optotypes for Preschool Vision Screening - I. Comparability of Chart Designs
Authors: Sprague James B , Stock Laetitia A , Connett John , Bromberg Jill 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Design variations in children's distance vision screening charts contribute to inconsistencies noted in preschool vision screening programs. This study compares children's distance visual acuity on two chart designs: logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (LOGMAR) vs a chart of 'standard' design. In theory, the LOGMAR chart offers the advantages of improved precision in measuring inter-patient differences and greater consistency of follow-up measurements. Our findings indicate the following: 1) the ability to complete a test depends upon the child's age. not on chart design ; 2) isolation of sym bols is required more frequently for the LOGMAR charts than for the standard charts; and 3) on average, children have slightly poorer visual acuity scores on LOGMAR charts than on standard charts.
Anterior Tendon Displacement of the Inferior Oblique for DVD
Authors: Kratz Richard E , Rogers Gary L , Bremer Don L , Leguire Lawrence E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of grading the anteriorization of the posterior portion of the inferior oblique muscle tendon fibers, relative to the insertion of the inferior rectus, was assessed for patients with dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). The placement of these fibers was varied dependent on the degree of preoperative DVD. The results from the graded group were compared to a group of patients with DVD that always received the same amount of anteriorization regardless of the degree of preoperative DVD. The results showed that, in general, anteriorization of the inferior oblique muscle tendon fibers to the level of insertion of the inferior rectus was an effective treatment for DVD. In addition, grading the anteriorization of the posterior portion of the inferior oblique muscle tendon fibers significantly decreased residual postoperative deviation.
Recovery of Extraocular Muscle Function After Adjustable Suture Strabismus Surgery Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Brown D Randolph , Pacheco Elba M , Repka Michael X 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Limited data exist on the recovery of ocular motitity after adjustable suture strabismus surgery performed under local anesthesia. The timing of adjustment has been chosen empirically and has varied widely.
We sought to more precisely quantify the recovery of motility by measuring auctions before and after surgery with a modified arc perimeter. Twenty-one eyes of 20 patients were studied. All patients underwent adjustable suture strabismus surgery under retrobulbar or peri buibar anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with hyaluronidase. Mean auctions orthogonal to the field of action of the operated muscle(s) returned to 90% of preoperative levels between 5 and 6 hours after injection.
We recommend adjustment 6 or more hours after injection, or at least 5 to 6 hours postoperatively, when 2% lidocaine with hyaluronidase is used for local anesthesia.
Infantile Glaucoma Associated With the Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome
Authors: Young Terri L , Schaffer David B , Cohen Alan R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Diamond-Blackfan syndrome is a rare congenital hématologie disorder characterized by isolated erythroid hypoplasfa. Physical abnormalities such as short stature, thumb deformities, and ophthalmic findings including strabismus, hypertelorism, and microphthalmos have been reported to occur with this disease entity. We describe two patients with this blood dyscrasia and infantile glaucoma with trabeculodysgenesls. Both patients underwent multiple surgical procedures to control their glaucoma. The patients were on chronic systemic adrenal corticosteroid therapy for their anemia, which caused some confusion regarding the etiology of their glaucoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association of Infantile glaucoma with DiamondBlackfan syndrome. We hope this report will encourage early recognition and treatment of glaucoma in patients with this disorder.
Oculocutaneous Albinism: Variable Expressivity of Nystagmus in a Sibship
Authors: Cheong Pauline Y Y , King Richard A , Bateman J Bronwyn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Traditionally, the diagnosis of ocular or oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is based on a constellation of features including the presence of nystagmus associated with iris transillumination defects, hypopigmentation of the fundus, and hypoplasia of the fovea and optic nerve head. Nystagmus is the most frequent ocular sign for the ascertainment of albinism particularly in individuals who have lightly-pigmented parents. We report two siblings, a male and female, with minimal, if any, pigmentation of skin and hair, iris transillumination defects, blond fundi, and hypoplasia of the foveae and optic nerve heads who were discordant for nystagmus; the diagnosis of OCA was based on the clinical findings. These siblings presumably have the same genetic hypopigmentation defect and demonstrate that nystagmus is not a consistent finding in OCA and may not be an absolute criterion for diagnosis.
Anterior Polar Congenital Cataract and Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Bouzas Andreas G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seven eyes of six patients with anterior polar congenital cataract were examined. All patients presented with corneal astigmatism greater than 1.50 diopters. The combination of these two anomalies has often been responsible for amblyopia and occasionally for squint. The association of corneal astigmatism with this type of congenital cataract is possibly due to a delayed separation of the lens from the surface ectoderm during fetal development and thus may be considered a new syndrome.
Recognized Scleral Perforation During Eye Muscle Surgery: Incidence and Sequelae
Authors: Simon John W , Lininger Lloyd L , Scheraga Janet L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Inadvertent perforation of the sclera is a widely recognized complication of eye muscle surgery. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was estimated to occur in 9% to 12% of patients operated. Fortunately, dreaded visionthreatening sequelae have been much less common.
To better define the occurrence and sequelae of this complication, we sent a questionnaire to all 342 members of the American Association for Pediatrie Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Scierai perforations, defined to Include known retinal damage, occurred in 728 of nearly 554 000 eye muscle procedures performed by 223 surgeons. Perforations were two times more common with residents or fellows operating. They occurred not only during muscle reattachment (633 cases), but also during muscle disinsertion (24 cases), muscle dissection (6 cases), passage of traction sutures beneath the lateral rectus (5 cases), and preplacement of muscle sutures (5 cases). Many other perforations may have been unrecognized and uncounted.
Visual loss was uncommon, occurring in only nine patients. Fourteen retinal detachments included four cases with partial and two with total loss of vision. Only three cases of endophthalmitis occurred, one resulting in partial visual loss and two in total visual loss. Techniques suggested by respondent surgeons to avoid perforations are discussed.
Refractive Error Changes Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Preslan Mark W , Cioffi George , Min Yuan-I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Several uncontrolled, retrospective studies have suggested that permanent changes in refractive error can be seen following strabismus surgery. We prospectively enrolled 68 patients undergoing strabismus surgery for evaluation of pre- and postoperative cycloptegic refraction. In addition, the adult patients had computerized corneal topography recorded using the Corneal Modeling System, (Computed Anatomy, Inc, New York, NY). Pre- and postoperative refractions were compared using spherical equivalent and meridional equivalent (90- and 180-degree meridian). We found no significant change in the spherical equivalent between the pre- and postoperative measurements. However, a significant increase in the astigmatic power at 180° (meridional equivalent at 180°) was detected in both pediatrie and adult patients. We did not observe any qualitative change in the corneal topography pre- and postoperatively. The change in astigmatic power at 180° is equivalent to additional plus-cylinder correction at 90° and was persistent throughout the 4-month postoperative period.
Oculomotor Nerve Palsies in Children
Authors: Ing Edsel B , Sullivan Timothy J , Clarke Michael P , Buncic J Raymond 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifty-four patients with oculomotor nerve palsy who presented over a 21-year period at our institution were reviewed retrospectively. There were 38 isolated third nerve lesions, and 16 with additional cranial nerve involvement. Eleven cases were congenital in origin, and 43 were acquired. Of the acquired group, 31 were traumatic, 7 infection-related, 3 attributed to migraine or other vascular causes, and 2 neoplastic. Average follow up was 36 months. The congenital lesions were predominantly right-sided; amblyopia, although common, responded well to treatment. Trauma and bacterial meningitis accounted for more cases of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy than seen in the previous literature. In distinct contrast to the adult population, no cases of diabetes, posterior communicating artery aneurysms, metastatic tumors, or pituitary lesions were found.
Pediatric Ocular Trauma: A Retrospective Survey
Authors: Cascairo Mark A , Mazow Malcolm L , Prager Thomas C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted of all pediatrie trauma cases seen by the ophthalmology department at our institution from January 1986 to December 1991. The study included 504 patients who were 15 years old or younger. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for ocular injury, especially injury resulting in severe visual impairment, and to identify trends and preventable causes. Our results were consistent with the findings of other similar studies: male patients predominated, penetrating Injuries resulted in poor visual outcomes, and many of the causes of severe visual deficit were preventable with more adequate adult supervision.
Health Locus of Control, Values, and Weight Reduction Behavior
Authors: Muhlenkamp Ann F , Nelson Arlene M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study, in a natural setting, attempted to predict health-related behavior on the basis of the personality construct locus of control. Thirty-six participants in a weight reduction program completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) and a value scale that included the values of "health" and "physical appearance." Subjects also were asked to determine their weight loss goal in pounds. Three months later their progress was assessed, and 22 of the subjects again completed the MHLC and value surveys. Consistent with the first hypothesis, those subjects who perceived their health status to be under the control of powerful others and valued health and/or physical appearance highly weighed in more frequently at the weight center than did the other subjects. Contrary to the second hypothesis, subjects did not become more "internal" as a result of sucessful weight loss. Subjects who valued physical appearance highly were found to have higher "external" control beliefs. Theoretical significance and practical applications of the findings are discussed.
Relative Mydriasis After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Geerling Gerd , Neppert Birte , Wirbelauer Christopher , Laqua Horst 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the incidence of anisocoria after unilateral excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and subsequent corticosteroid therapy in a retrospective and prospective study and to explore possible etiologies.
METHODS: The horizontal pupil diameter was determined in 6 patients (6 eyes) at 21.8 ± 12.6 months after unilateral wide-field excimer laser PRK (retrospective group) as well as in 8 consecutive patients (8 eyes) before and 3.4 ± 2.9 months after unilateral PRK (prospective group). The Schwind-Keratom wide-field excimer laser was used. Measurements were done in an examination room using Rosenbaum card comparison pupillometry and with a Goldmann perimeter at 31.5 asb. In the prospective group, the effect of fitting a hard contact lens of zero diopter power and the application of 0.1% pilocarpine were evaluated.
RESULTS: Relative mydriasis was present in all treated eyes and the difference in pupil diameter between the two eyes measured 0.25 to 1.75 mrn (retrospective group: +0.56 ± 0.82 mm; prospective group: +0.72 ± 0.29 mm). At the time of pupil measurement, the retrospective group had a significantly longer mean postoperative follow-up (21 mo) than the prospective group (3.4 mo) and significantly more eyes still received topical corticosteroid treatment (retrospective group, 1 of 6 eyes; prospective group, 7 of 8 eyes). The amount of anisocoria did not correlate with the applied laser energy, ablation depth, or refractive change, but showed a negative correlation with increasing time after PRK. Neither hard contact lens fitting nor pilocarpine 0.1% reduced the amount of anisocoria significantly.
CONCLUSION: Unilateral PRK with wide-field excimer laser ablation and subsequent application of topical corticosteroids regularly resulted in a relative pupillary mydriasis. Neither an altered corneal profile nor parasympathetic denervation is responsible for this. Weakening of the pupillary sphincter of the treated eye may cause this phenomenon. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:69-74]
Evaluation of Corneal Flap Dimensions and Cut Quality Using the Automated Corneal Shaper Microkeratome
Authors: Behrens Ashley , Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Kus Murat M , Rummelt Carmen , Küchle Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate flap dimensions and cut deterioration with repeated blade use in an automated microkeratome.
METHODS: The Automated Corneal Shaper (Chiron-Adatomed, Munich, Germany), 160-/«m plate attached, was used to make a corneal flap in 90 pig cadaver eyes, reusing blades up to five times. Flap diameter was measured by planimetry and thickness was calculated by ultrasound pachymetry. Scanning electron microscopy of stromal beds and blade cutting edges was performed to assess cut deterioration after repeated blade use.
RESULTS: Mean flap central thickness was 125 ± 32 µt?. Mean vertical flap diameter was 7.6 ± 0.4 mm. No correlation was found between thickness and diameter (r = 0.15, P = .45). Progressive thinning of the flap was observed in the direction of the flap hinge. Smooth cuts (using new blades) with periodic chatter Unes at the keratectomy edge and in the stromal bed were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Increasing tissue remnants on the stromal bed and decreasing cut quality occurred with repeated blade use. Blades showed larger tissue remnants, nicks, and even folds on the cutting edge proportional to the number of times blades were used.
CONCLUSION: Satisfactory cut quality and reproducibility were obtained after a single use of stainless steel blades in the Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratome. Cut quality was degraded dramatically by repeated use of blades. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:83-89]