bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic Accounting and Incidence of Fraud Detection
Authors: Umar Bello , Ibrahim Umar Abbas , Eriki Peter 
Published: January 2021

The study described and explained forensic accounting and the incidence of fraud detection in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to identify personal skills requirements and, assess the types of investigative techniques used in forensic accounting. A literature review was conducted to set up the conceptual and theoretical framework for the study. A quantitative approach was used by administering a structured questionnaire. A total of 101 investigators from Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) were used as sample for the study. We employed Jarque Bera statistics to conduct the analysis using the E views software. There is a significant relationship between forensic accounting personal skills; investigative techniques and fraud detection in Nigeria. The scope of the study was only in Nigeria and all samples were drawn from the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). The study concluded despite all fraudulent activities, forensic accounting is proffering solutions for fraud prevention and detection in Nigeria. It was recommended for practitioners to engage in further training on forensic accounting personal skills and techniques.
Associations between the Gut Microbiota, Immune Reconstitution, and Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Fiorenza Salvatore , Turtle Cameron J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Immune reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) sets the stage for the goal of a successful transplant—the prevention of disease relapse without graft versus host disease (GVHD) and opportunistic infection. In both epidemiologic studies and in controlled animal studies, it is known that the gut microbiome (GM) can profoundly influence normal innate and adaptive immune development and can be altered by microbial transfer and antibiotics. Following allo-HSCT the GM has been shown to influence clinical outcomes but published associations between the GM and immune reconstitution post-allo-HSCT are lacking. In this viewpoint we propose that the extensive knowledge garnered from studying normal immune development can serve as a framework for studying immune development post-allo-HSCT. We summarize existing studies addressing the effect of the GM on immune ontogeny and draw associations with immune reconstitution and the GM post-allo-HSCT.
PEMANFAATAN ISPRING SUITE QUIZMAKER UNTUK PEMBUATAN SOAL-SOAL BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Akmalia Frida - 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
This study aims to optimize the evaluation of Arabic learning by using the Ispring Suite Quizmaker software that can be integrated directly into Microsoft Power Point with images, animations, audios, videos, sets of student ability test and their feedback. With the data that already obtained, the writer does literature study to relate some of the problems with existing theories to find relevant solutions for each issue found. As for the main problems in this study are: 1) Advances in information technology that requires techers to always provide interesting, visual, and interactive learning facilities. 2) Limitations of teacher’s knowledge in making Arabic interactive questions by using software. From some of the existing problems, there are several solutions to overcome them. One was by utilizing the Ispring Suit Quizmaker software where the teacher can make various types of questions easily such as multiple choice, right wrong, match, and stuffing.
Analyzing the Dynamics of Mineral Dissolution during Acid Fracturing by Pore-Scale Modeling of Acid-Rock Interaction
Authors: You Jiahui , Lee Kyung Jae 
Published: January 2021

SummaryHydrochloric acid (HCl) is commonly used in acid fracturing. Given that the interaction between acid and rock affects multiphase flow behaviors, it is important to thoroughly understand the relevant phenomena. The Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes (DBS) method is most effective in describing the matrix-fracture system among the proposed models. This study aims to analyze the impact of acid-rock interaction on multiphase flow behavior by developing a pore-scale numerical model applying the DBS method. The new pore-scale model is developed based on OpenFOAM, an open-source platform for the prototyping of diverse flow mechanisms. The developed simulation model describes the fully coupled mass balance equation and the chemical reaction of carbonate acidizing in an advection-diffusion regime. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to track the liquid- and gas-phase interface on fixed Eulerian grids. Here, the penalization method is applied to describe the wettability condition on immersed boundaries. The equations of saturation, concentration, and diffusion are solved successively, and the momentum equation is solved by pressure implicit with splitting of operators method. The simulation results of the developed numerical model have been validated with experimental results. Various injection velocities and the second Damkohler numbers have been examined to investigate their impacts on the CO2 bubble generation, evolving porosity, and rock surface area. We categorized the evolving carbon dioxide (CO2) distribution into three patterns in terms of the Damkohler number and the Péclet number. We also simulated a geometry model with multiple grains and a Darcy-scale model using the input parameters found from the pore-scale simulations. The newly developed pore-scale model provides the fundamental knowledge of physical and chemical phenomena of acid-rock interaction and their impact on acid transport. The modeling results describing mineral acidization will help us implement a practical fracturing project.
A Semianalytical Modeling Approach for Hydraulic Fracture Initiation and Orientation from Perforated Wells
Authors: Michael Andreas , Gupta Ipsita 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Accurate prediction of fracture initiation pressure and orientation is paramount to the design of a hydraulic fracture stimulation treatment and is a major factor in the treatment's eventual success. In this study, closed-form analytical approximations of the fracturing stresses are used to develop orientation criteria for relative-to-the-wellbore (longitudinal or transverse) fracture initiation from perforated wells. These criteria were assessed numerically and found to overestimate the occurrence of transverse fracture initiation, which only takes place under a narrow range of conditions in which the tensile strength of the rock formation is lower than a critical value, and the breakdown pressure falls within a “window.” For a case study performed on the Barnett Shale, transverse fracture initiation is shown to take place for breakdown pressures below 4,762 psi, provided that the formation's tensile strength is below 2,482 psi.
A robust 3D finite volume numerical model is used to evaluate solutions for the longitudinal and transverse fracturing stresses for a variable wellbore pressure, hence developing correction factors for the existing closed-form approximations. Geomechanical inputs from the Barnett Shale are considered for a horizontal well aligned parallel to the direction of the least compressive horizontal principal stress. The corrected numerically derived expressions can predict initiation pressures for a specific orientation of fracture initiation. Similarly, at known breakdown pressures, the corrected expressions are used to predict the orientation of fracture initiation. Besides wellbore trajectory, the results depend on the perforation direction. For the Barnett Shale case study, which is under a normal faulting stress regime, the perforations on the side of the borehole yield a wider breakdown pressure window by 71% and higher critical tensile strength by 32.5%, compared to perforations on top of the borehole, implying better promotion of transverse fracture initiation. Leakage of fracturing fluid around the wellbore, between the cemented casing and the surrounding rock, reduces the breakdown pressure window by 11% and the critical tensile strength by 65%.
Dimensionless plots are employed to present the range of in-situ stress states in which longitudinal or transverse hydraulic fracture initiation is promoted. This is useful for completion engineers; when targeting low permeability formations such as shale reservoirs, multiple transverse fractures must be induced from the horizontal wells, as opposed to longitudinal fracture initiation, which is desired in higher permeability reservoirs or “frac-and-pack” operations.
Bd. 21 (2001)
Authors: Teuber Oliver , Fuhrhop Nanna 
Published: January 2021

Widmung
Dieser Band ist Ewald Lang gewidmet - zu seinem Abschied als 'amtierender' Direktor des Zentrums für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft. Ewald Lang leitete das Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Typologie und Universalienforschung seit der Gründung 1996 (von 1992-1995 "Forschungsschwerpunkt Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft") und prägte es wesentlich. [...] Der vorliegende Band soll einen Einblick in die Arbeit des ZAS geben; nicht im Sinne eines Ergebnis- oder Jahresberichts, sondern als zeitlich willkürlich gesetzter Querschnitt durch das, was am Zentrum gegenwärtig erforscht wird. Der Kontinuität des Zentrums (und dem Charakter der ZAS Papers) entsprechend repräsentiert er work in progress in unterschiedlichen Stadien, von der Skizze eines Gedankens bis zur Präsentation eines ausgearbeiteten, theoretisch fundierten Konzepts. [...]
Questions and focus
Authors: Eckardt Regine 
Published: January 2021

Der vorliegende Band präsentiert zwei Arbeiten, die sich im Themenkreis Frage - Fokus bewegen.
Während die Konruenz von Fragen und Fokussierung in einem Kernbereich von Daten gut etabliert ist, bleibt weitgehend unverstanden, welcher Teil der (jeweils sprachspezifischen) Daten im Umfeld von Frageform und Fokussierungskonstruktionen eine kontingente "Korona" dieses Kernbereichs darstellt bzw. wie weit der systematische Zusammenhang zwischen Fragen und Fokussierung reicht. Beide Arbeiten tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis dieses Aspekts bei.
Mixtures of fluopyram and abamectin for management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato
Authors: Li Qing-Qing , Li Jing-Jing , Yu Qi-Tong , Shang Ze-Yu , Xue Chao-Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, causes significant damage to vegetable production and is a major problem in greenhouse tomatoes. The effect of a combination of fluopyram and abamectin, at a mass ratio of 1:5, was studied for RKN control. Pot trials showed that fluopyram, abamectin, and their combination at three dosages increased the height, stem diameter, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and the root length of tomato plants. The RKN control efficacy of the 1:5 combination at 450 g a.i./ha was 74.06% at 30 days after transplanting (DAT), and the control efficacy of the combination at 337.5 and 450 g a.i./ha differed significantly from those of other treatments at 60 DAT. The root-galling index (RGI) control efficacy of the combination at 450 g a.i./ha and of fluopyram (41.7% SC) only at 450 g a.i./ha were better than the control efficacies of other treatments, and these two treatments significantly increased root activity. Field trial results showed that the soil nematode control efficacy was similar to that of the pot trials at 30 and 60 DAT. The RGI control efficacy of the combination at 337.5 and 450 g a.i./ha and of fluopyram (41.7% SC) only at 450 g a.i./ha differed significantly from those of the two other treatments. The tomato yields of the 1:5 combination at 450 g a.i./ha were increased by 24.07 and 23.22% compared to the control in field trials during two successive years. The combination of fluopyram and abamectin provides good nematode measure, and it can increase tomato yields. It provides an effective solution for the integrated management of southern RKN.
Investigation and evaluation of water literacy of urban residents in China based on data correction method
Authors: Tian Kang , Wang Han , Wang Yanrong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study proposes an evaluation index system of water literacy levels. Thirty-one provincial capitals in mainland China were selected for the survey. The preliminary evaluation results were revised to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of water literacy. The results of the questionnaire show that the water literacy score is relatively high, but the water behavior score is relatively low; the modified evaluation results are closer to the actual water literacy level of urban residents; and the comprehensive evaluation value of water literacy has a certain correlation with the distribution of water resources in China. The research results can provide theoretical support for China's future work to improve citizens’ water literacy, and the water sector can formulate policies that are more in line with China's water resource status based on the level of water literacy, differences in water behavior, and water resource distribution.
Evaluating the effects of climate change on groundwater level in the Varamin plain
Authors: Azizi Hamidreza , Ebrahimi Hossein , Mohammad Vali Samani Hossein , Khaki Vida 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research, a number of paired three-dimensional Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCM) from CMIP (Climate Model Inter Comparison Project) 5 group with the base period of 1989–2005 have been evaluated and the output of these models was micro-scaled and calibrated by LARS-WG software. The appropriate model was selected to simulate temperature and rainfall data under the emission scenarios of RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the future period of 2020–2050, and then to model the groundwater level of the region, GMS software for both stable and transient states for one water year was calibrated and then was validated by observation data. The results in the future periods showed an increase of 1–1.5 degrees in temperature and an increase in rainfall in the early months of the year to late spring season and a decrease in rainfall in autumn season. Generally, the RCP4.5 scenario showed slightly more annual rainfall increase over the next 30 years compared to the base period than the other two scenarios. The time series investigation of the average of groundwater level shows that the implementation of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios respectively leads to an average monthly increase of 4.2, 4.3 and 4.6 cm of the groundwater level.
Exploring Quinolone Scaffold: Unravelling the Chemistry of Anticancer Drug Design
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Diksha , Sahu Ram Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:Globally, cancer is considered as the major leading cause in decreasing the patient health care system of human beings. The growing threat from drug-resistant cancers makes heterocyclic moieties as an urgent need to develop more successful candidates for anti-cancer therapy. In view of outstanding pharmacological activities Quinolone and its derivatives have attracted more attention towards drug designing and biological evaluation in the search of new drug molecules. The inspired researchers attempted efforts in order to discover quinolone based analogs due to its wide range of biological activities. Due to immense pharmacological importance, distinct synthetic methods have been executed to attain new drug entities from quinolones and all the reported molecules have shown constructive anticancer activity. Some of the synthetic protocol like, one pot synthesis, post-Ugi-transformation, catalysed based synthesis, enzyme-based synthesis and nano-catalyst based synthetic procedures are also discussed as recent advancement in production of quinolone derivatives. In this review, recent synthetic approaches in the medicinal chemistry of quinolones and potent quinolone derivatives on the basis of structural activity relationship are outlined. Moreover, their major methods and modifications are discussed.
Outcomes of Clinical Treatments Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Selangor, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mahmud Zamalia , Abrahhim Syahidatul Alyia , Sulong Saperi 
Published: January 2021

Background::
It is important to assess how well patients respond to their medical treatments
by observing the results that appear during the clinical treatments. As such, the clinical treatments
and results must obtain information on how effective recommended treatments were for patients
with diabetes.

Objective::
This study examines how patients with diabetes mellitus responded towards their clinical
treatments, where the probability distribution of patients and the types of treatment received
were derived from the Rasch probabilistic model.
Methods: This is a retrospective study wherein data were collected from patients’ medical records
at a local public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. Clinical and demographic information such as fasting
blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), family history, type of diabetes (type 1 or type 2),
types of medication (oral or insulin), compliance with treatments, gender, race and age were chosen
as the agents of measurement.

Methods::
This is a retrospective study wherein data were collected from patients’ medical records
at a local public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. Clinical and demographic information such as fasting
blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), family history, type of diabetes (type 1 or type 2),
types of medication (oral or insulin), compliance with treatments, gender, race and age were chosen
as the agents of measurement.

Results::
The use of Rasch analysis in the present study helped to compare the patients’ responses towards the DM treatments and identify the types of treatment they received. Results from the Wright map show that a majority of the Diabetes Mellitus patients who were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes have no controlled readings of HbA1c during their first and second visits to the medical center. However, patients with a family history of Diabetes Mellitus who took oral medication have controlled readings of fasting blood glucose based on the probabilistic outcomes of the treatment received by the patients.

Conclusion::
Controlled readings were found only in the readings of fasting blood glucose during
the first and second visits, followed by family history, types of medication received, and compliance
with the treatment. This study has recommended that type 2 patients with diabetes without
a family history of diabetes mellitus need to exercise more control over the readings of HbA1c.
Could Computed Tomography Hounsfield Unit Values of Lumbar Vertebrae Detect Osteoporosis?
Authors: Hocaoglu Elif , Inci Ercan , Vural Meltem 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning has several disadvantages
determining osteoporosis, especially for the degenerative spine.

Introduction:
This study aims to determine spinal osteoporosis in patients suffering from lumbar
degenerative disease using computed tomography (CT).

Methods:
A total of 547 subjects that underwent DEXA and abdominal CT within a period of three
months were examined retrospectively and separated into groups based on lumbar degenerative alteration
on the CT scan. The subjects that showed degenerative severity at L1–L4, in at least two
levels, were graded and placed in the degenerative group (Group D, n=350). In contrast, the other
subjects constituted the control group (Group C, n=197). The Hounsfield unit (HU) of the vertebral
body trabecular bone, the T-score, and bone mineral density (BMD) of L1–L4 and hips were determined
from the CT images. CT-HU parameters for osteoporosis acquired from the control group
were used to ascertain undiagnosed osteoporosis.

Results:
The CT-HU was positively correlated with T-score and lumbar BMD for both groups
(P<0.001), while the L1–L4 correlation was higher in Group C than in Group D. Based on linear
regression, the T-score and CT-HU for L1-L4 osteoporosis were 129, 136, 129 and 120 HU, respectively
in Group C. Undiagnosed spinal osteoporosis was greater in Group D compared to the controls
(44.2% vs. 9.6%, respectively) based on the CT-HU thresholds.

Conclusion:
Lumbar spine degeneration can augment BMD and T-score, resulting in the underestimation
of lumbar osteoporosis. The osteoporosis threshold determined by CT-HU may be a valuable
technique to determine undiagnosed spinal osteoporosis.
Texture Analysis in the Evaluation of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Chest X-Ray Images: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Cavallo Armando Ugo , Troisi Jacopo , Forcina Marco , Mari Pier-Valerio , Forte Valerio , Sperandio Massimiliano , Pagano Sergio , Cavallo Pierpaolo , Floris Roberto , Garaci Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Background:
One of the most challenging aspects related to Covid-19 is to establish the
presence of infection in an early phase of the disease. Texture analysis might be an additional tool
for the evaluation of Chest X-ray in patients with clinical suspicion of Covid-19 related pneumonia.

Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of texture analysis and machine learning models
for the diagnosis of Covid-19 interstitial pneumonia in Chest X-ray images.

Methods:
Chest X-ray images were accessed from a publicly available repository(https://www.kaggle.
com/tawsifurrahman/covid19-radiography-database). Lung areas were manually segmented using
a polygonal region of interest covering both lung areas, using MaZda, a freely available software
for texture analysis. A total of 308 features per ROI was extracted. One hundred-ten
Covid-19 Chest X-ray images were selected for the final analysis.

Results:
Six models, namely NB, GLM, DL, GBT, ANN, and PLS-DA were selected and ensembled.
According to Youden’s index, the Covid-19 Ensemble Machine Learning Score showing the
highest area under the curve (0.971±0.015) was 132.57. Assuming this cut-off the Ensemble model
performance was estimated by evaluating both true and false positive/negative, resulting in 91.8%
accuracy with 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Moving the cut-off value to -100, although the
accuracy resulted lower (90.6%), the Ensemble Machine Learning showed 100% sensitivity, with
80% specificity.

Conclusion:
Texture analysis of Chest X-ray images and machine learning algorithms may help in
differentiating patients with Covid-19 pneumonia. Despite several limitations, this study can lay
the ground for future research works in this field and help to develop more rapid and accurate
screening tools for these patients.
Anticancer Potential of Azole Containing Marine Natural Products: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rani Dimpy , Garg Vandana , Dutt Rohit 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Despite significant advancement in oncology research, cancer still poses one of the
leading causes of mortality worldwide. The increased incidences of cancer may be attributed to the limited
efficacy and disastrous side effects of conventional therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Azole
containing medicinal agents are known for plethora of medicinal properties, including anticancer potential.

Objective:
In this review, we highlighted azole containing natural products with anticancer potential from marine
sources.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was performed for writing the review. Updated views about various marine sponges,
cyanobacteria, tunicates and microalgae producing azole nucleus containing secondary metabolites with anticancer potential have been
discussed.

Results:
The present article describes the structural, chemical, and biological features of azoles containing
natural agents from marine sources with promising anti-cancer potential. Additionally, current challenges and
future perspectives of azoles in cancer prevention and treatment are also discussed.

Conclusion:
This review might encourage scientific community to explore marine sources for developing novel and potent azole
containing anti-cancer agents with better safety profile.