bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employee state paranoia: linking abusive supervision with employee voice behavior
Authors: Rani Hira , Shah Syed Mir Muhammad , Umrani Waheed Ali , Syed Jawad , Afshan Gul 
Published: July 2021

PurposeUtilizing affective event theory (AET), this paper aims to understand the affective reasoning behind choosing to speak up for or against abusive supervision. For this purpose, the authors examine the underlying mechanism of employee state paranoia in the relationship between abusive supervision and promotive and prohibitive voice of employees.Design/methodology/approachData from 307 microfinance bank employees were collected using supervisor–subordinate nested design and time-lag approach. The analysis was performed through partial least square (PLS) structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software.FindingsThe results support the direct relationship of abusive supervision with promotive and prohibitive voice. They also support the mediating relation of paranoia arousal between abusive supervision and promotive voice. However, the results do not support the mediating relationship of paranoia arousal between abusive supervision and prohibitive voice.Originality/valueIn light of the literature drawn from AET and empirical data, this study forwards robust recommendations for theory and practice and may assist future researchers interested in the role of employee paranoia arousal.
Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the barrier to access to care evaluation (BACE) scale
Authors: Alenezi Ahmad F. , Aljowder Ahmed , Almarzooqi Mohamed J. , Alsayed Marya , Aldoseri Rashed , Alhaj Omar , Souraya Sally , Thornicroft Graham , Jahrami Haitham 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to translate and validate an Arabic version of the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) BACE scale to make it appropriate for the targeted socio-cultural and linguistic context.Design/methodology/approachThis psychometric study has two main compounds: translating the BACE into Arabic and validating it. Using the back-translation method, the authors involved seven professional individuals to maximize the efficacy of the translated version. The authors began with the process of translating the scale from English into Arabic and vice versa followed by evaluation, compression and matching. Later, a pilot study with a sample size of 35 participants was conducted to receive feedback on the Arabic version of the scale. Finally, an online survey was generated and distributed among Arabic-speaking countries; a total of 630 participants were voluntarily involved in this study.FindingsA total of 630 participants completed the survey with a mean age of 31.4 ± 12.9, and 402 (63.8%) were females. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald's Omega coefficient were both greater than 0.9. The confirmatory factor analysis was found to fit highly satisfactory with the stigma-related barriers.Research limitations/implicationsThe BACE was validated in Arabic and its psychometric properties were examined in-depth and found to be strong.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to translate tools to make mental health more accessible to patients in need.
2020 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of prurigo
Authors: Satoh Takahiro , Yokozeki Hiroo , Murota Hiroyuki , Tokura Yoshiki , Kabashima Kenji , Takamori Kenji , Shiohara Tetsuo , Morita Eishin , Aiba Setsuya , Aoyama Yumi , Hashimoto Takashi , Katayama Ichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrurigo is a treatment‐resistant skin disease characterized by multiple isolated papules/nodules that cause severe itch. Prurigo papules/nodules occur either as primary lesions or as secondary lesions due to persistent scratching. The fundamental concepts and classifications of prurigo have not been sufficiently established, and considerable confusion remains regarding this topic. Clinical guidelines for chronic prurigo in Japan were published in 2012 in an attempt to reduce confusion regarding the concepts of prurigo and to standardize laboratory tests and treatments. However, the diagnostic terms for prurigo and associated concepts have changed over time, and new forms of treatment are under development. We have, thus, updated and revised the guidelines to classify prurigo based on clinical forms and causes, and disease name classifications based on the clinical form have been further simplified, such as prurigo nodularis, prurigo chronica multiformis, and prurigo (not otherwise specified). Expressions for acute, subacute, and chronic forms are not used. These guidelines outline the current concepts and specify treatments for prurigo.
Strong non‐growing season N uptake by deciduous trees in a temperate forest: A 15N isotopic experiment
Authors: Ma Linna , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Chaoxue , Lv Yixia , Liu Guofang , Zhang Qibing , Feng Jinchao , Wang Renzhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is a critical element for vegetation growth and subsequent carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Plant N uptake, the only pathway for plants to directly obtain N from soils, is a bottleneck process for ecosystem C and N cycling. Ecological theories predict that deciduous trees remain dormant and do not take up N during winters as no growth occurs during this season.

In this study, we adopted a 15N isotopic experiment to trace N processes throughout the non‐growing season in a temperate forest in northern China. The 15N‐labelled inorganic N ( and ) and 13C15N‐labelled organic N (glycine and tyrosine; equivalent to 150 mg 15N/m2) were applied to soils at mid‐fall, and the 15N recovery in various components of dominant evergreen and deciduous species was analysed.

We found that soil N transformation remained active in the winter and microbial N immobilization reached its peak in late winter. Surprisingly, deciduous species maintained a high N uptake that was comparable with the evergreen species throughout the non‐growing season. Perennial herbs did not take up N until the next spring. All plant species acquired inorganic N and simple amino acids, while only the tree species utilized complex amino acids. Throughout the non‐growing season, evergreen and deciduous trees showed higher uptake rates for and glycine than and tyrosine, while deciduous shrubs and herbs showed a stronger preference for over other N forms.

Synthesis. The finding that deciduous trees have strong N uptake in the non‐growing season challenges the conventional viewpoint that deciduous trees remain dormant during non‐growing seasons. This mechanism might supplement the algorithm in the model representation of N‐limited temperate forest ecosystems.
Renal lipotoxicity: Insights from experimental models
Authors: Castro Barbara Bruna Abreu , Foresto‐Neto Orestes , Saraiva‐Camara Niels Olsen , Sanders‐Pinheiro Helady 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease. Renal lipotoxicity has been associated with obesity. Although lipids play fundamental physiological roles, the accumulation of lipids in kidney cells may cause dysfunction and/or renal fibrosis. Adipose tissue that exceeds their lipid storage capacity begins to release triglycerides into the bloodstream that can get stored in several organs, including the kidneys. The mechanisms underlying renal lipotoxicity involve intracellular lipid accumulation and organelle dysfunction, which trigger oxidative stress and inflammation that consequently result in insulin resistance and albuminuria. However, the specific pathways involved in renal lipotoxicity have not yet been fully understood. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which lipotoxicity affects the renal morphology and function in experimental models of obesity. The accumulation of fatty acids in tubular cells has been described as the main mechanism of lipotoxicity; however, lipids and their metabolism also affect the function and the survival of podocytes. In this review, we presented indication of mitochondrial, lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum alterations involved in kidney damage caused by obesity. The kidney is vulnerable to lipotoxicity, and studies of the mechanisms underlying renal injury caused by obesity can help identify therapeutic targets to control renal dysfunction.
Exploring metal ion metabolisms to improve xylose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Palermo Gisele Cristina de Lima , Coutouné Natalia , Bueno João Gabriel Ribeiro , Maciel Lucas Ferreira , dos Santos Leandro Vieira 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe development of high‐performance xylose‐fermenting yeast is essential to achieve feasible conversion of biomass‐derived sugars in lignocellulose‐based biorefineries. However, engineered C5‐strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae still present low xylose consumption rates under anaerobic conditions. Here, we explore alternative metabolisms involved in metal homeostasis, which positively affect C5 fermentation and analyse the non‐obvious regulatory network connection of both metabolisms using time‐course transcriptome analysis. Our results indicated the vacuolar Fe2+/Mn2+ transporter CCC1, and the protein involved in heavy metal ion homeostasis BSD2, as promising new targets for rational metabolic engineering strategies, enhancing xylose consumption in nine and 2.3‐fold compared with control. Notably, intracellular metal concentration levels were affected differently by mutations and the results were compared with positive controls isu1Δ, a Fe‐S cluster scaffold protein, and ssk2Δ, a component of HOG pathway. Temporal expression profiles indicate a metabolic remodelling in response to xylose, demonstrating changes in the main sugar sensing signalling pathways.
Chest computed tomography findings among adult Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Heraganahally Subash Shanthakumar , Howarth Timothy P , Sorger Lisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is sparse evidence in the literature in relation to the chest computed tomography (CT) findings among adult Indigenous Australians with chronic respiratory conditions.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients who underwent chest CT between 2012 and 2020 among those referred to undergo lung function tests (spirometry) were assessed for the prevalence of abnormal chest CT radiological findings.ResultsOf the 402 patients (59% female) included in this study, 331 (82%) had an abnormality identified on chest CT. Most abnormalities occurred alongside one (25%) or multiple (46%) other CT abnormalities. Airway disease ((AD) (including, emphysema, airway wall thickening and small airway disease) (35%), atelectasis: segmental or lobar collapse (27%), inflammatory opacities (24%) and bronchiectasis (23%) were the most common findings. AD and bronchiectasis were also the most common concurrent abnormalities in 40–50%. Other CT abnormalities noted in isolation or in combination with other CT findings were lung nodules (19%), lymph node enlargement (17%), consolidation or mass (17%), followed by lung cysts, ground‐glass opacity, lung parenchymal architectural distortion, cavitating lung lesions and chronic pleural effusion were observed in ≤10%. Predictive models for odds of abnormality and outcomes showed age, smoking and underweight were associated with AD, and male sex and very remote residence were associated with bronchiectasis.ConclusionThis study has illustrated that Indigenous Australian adults have a high prevalence of multiple chest CT abnormalities that may impose unprecedented diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in this population. Further studies are warranted to determine the long‐term implications and prognostic significance of the CT findings as demonstrated in this study.
One of these wolves is not like the other: morphological effects and conservation implications of captivity in Mexican wolves
Authors: Siciliano‐Martina L. , Light J. E. , Riley D. G. , Lawing A. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaintaining animal populations in captivity can be a useful way to conserve species, especially those that are extinct in the wild or endangered in their native habitats. These animals could be reintroduced into the wild from captivity if conditions improve. However, captive populations of endangered species are often established with few wild‐caught individuals and are maintained in novel habitats, conditions which may make these populations prone to morphological divergence. Changes in cranial morphology, in particular, may limit reintroduction success because these morphological changes may alter cranial functionality related to capturing and consuming prey. To assess whether unintentional morphological changes occur in captivity, we examined the crania and mandibles of 275 specimens of wild, captive and reintroduced Mexican wolvesCanis lupus baileyi. We detected significant differences in skull size and shape among these populations. Captive specimens displayed the greatest overall shape variation and were significantly differentiated from the wild population in regions of the skull that are essential to cranial functionality. The reintroduced population displayed the narrowest trait distribution, with cranial morphology that grouped consistently with the captive morphotype. The small number of individuals of the founding population along with the increased variation in cranial morphology among captive Mexican wolves suggests that morphological changes in captivity may be related to genetic changes such as genetic drift or relaxed selection. This study helps to define the changes that may occur in captivity, the potential mechanisms behind these shifts, and the ways in which morphological variation in captive populations may impact conservation initiatives.
Morphometric and volumetric analysis of the cervical spinal cord and vertebral canal using computed tomography images in normal Van cats
Authors: Elasan Sadi , Yilmaz Osman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study was performed on Van cats to determine the volumetric, morphometric and surface area measurement values of their cervical spinal cords (SC) and vertebral canals (CC) and the ratios between their dimensions using computed tomography (CT) images. The study also aims to reveal any biometric differences in these values between the two sexes. Spinal cord and vertebral canal CT images of 16 healthy adult Van cats (8 males and 8 females) were used in the study. First, three measurement points were selected for each vertebra on their cranial, medial and caudal sections along the sagittal axis. Next, the morphometric values were obtained using the transversal images of these measurement points. The surface areas for the SC and CC were calculated using the stereological planimetry method. The Cavalieri's principle was then used to calculate the relevant anatomic structure volumes. The obtained values were then statistically analysed. SC and CC were found to be larger in males in general, while ‘SC cranial/CC cranial’ and ‘SC medial/CC medial’ dimensions and volume ratios were found to be larger in female cats on average. Bodyweight and age values were found to have a negative correlation with SC and CC ratio, but the correlation was statistically insignificant. All SC and CC surface area and volume measurements were found to be higher in male cats (p < .05). We believe the results obtained by this study will provide valuable insight into veterinary clinicians in evaluating pathological lesions in the cervical spinal cord and vertebral canal CT scans.
Clinical significance and prognostic value of circulating B10 cells in colorectal cancer
Authors: Qiu Zhaoyan , Li Qian , Lu Yixun , Wang Qian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundB10 cells, a subset of regulatory B cells, can inhibit antitumor response and thus promote tumor development. This study explored the clinical meaning and prognostic value of circulating B10 cells in colorectal cancer (CRC).Materials and methodsThe proportion of B10 cells in peripheral blood in CRC patients and healthy controls was detected by multicolor flow cytometry.ResultsThe proportion of circulating B10 cells was remarkably elevated in CRC patients compared to normal controls (% of CD19+B cells; 16.6% (IQR 6.0%) versus 9.0% (IQR 5.7%), p < 0.001). B10 cells proportion was associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage in CRC. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that CRC patients with high B10 cells proportion suffered worse overall survival than those with low B10 cells proportion. Multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of B10 cells was an independent prognostic indicator for CRC patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that the proportion of circulating B10 cells is an independent prognostic factor for patients with CRC and thus may help guide the clinical decision in CRC.
In vitro thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile mechanical circulatory support systems: Design and proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Brockhaus Moritz K. , Behbahani Mehdi J. , Muris Farina , Jansen Sebastian V. , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Clauser Johanna C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrombogenic complications are a main issue in mechanical circulatory support (MCS). There is no validated in vitro method available to quantitatively assess the thrombogenic performance of pulsatile MCS devices under realistic hemodynamic conditions. The aim of this study is to propose a method to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of new designs without the use of complex in‐vivo trials. This study presents a novel in vitro method for reproducible thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile MCS systems using low molecular weight heparinized porcine blood. Blood parameters are continuously measured with full blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM; EXTEM, FIBTEM and a custom‐made analysis HEPNATEM). Thrombus formation is optically observed after four hours of testing. The results of three experiments are presented each with two parallel loops. The area of thrombus formation inside the MCS device was reproducible. The implantation of a filter inside the loop catches embolizing thrombi without a measurable increase of platelet activation, allowing conclusions of the place of origin of thrombi inside the device. EXTEM and FIBTEM parameters such as clotting velocity (α) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) show a total decrease by around 6% with a characteristic kink after 180 minutes. HEPNATEM α and MCF rise within the first 180 minutes indicate a continuously increasing activation level of coagulation. After 180 minutes, the consumption of clotting factors prevails, resulting in a decrease of α and MCF. With the designed mock loop and the presented protocol we are able to identify thrombogenic hot spots inside a pulsatile pump and characterize their thrombogenic potential.
Foreign disinformation operation's affective engagement: Valence versus discrete emotions as drivers of tweet popularity
Authors: Cheung‐Blunden Violet , Sonar Kunal Uday , Zhou Emily Ann , Tan Caleb 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwitter's 2018 release of its data corpus on Iran‐ and Russia‐backed accounts provided an opportunity to examine whether emotion‐laden tweets reached a wider audience than nonemotional tweets in the first large‐scale attempt to interfere in the US presidential election in 2016. We contrasted the dimensional and discrete theories of emotion by comparing tweets’ virality as a function of their valence or discrete emotional content. While both perspectives were supported by the popularity of positive and joyful tweets, the unpopularity of negative and fearful tweets uniquely supported the discrete view. The robustness of this theoretically insightful finding was checked by applying a set of keywords from the Department of Homeland Security to identify tweets that were both negative and fear‐evoking. Iranian and Russian disinformation operatives seemed unaware of negative and fearful tweets’ unpopularity and composed most posts with these sentiments. This study's findings explored the digital extensions of two emotion theories and balanced the prevailing media reporting on foreign disinformation operations’ sophistication.
Bipolar symptoms, somatic burden, and functioning in older‐age bipolar disorder: Analyses from the Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database project
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Dols Annemiek , Rej Soham , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Beunders Alexandra J.M. , Blumberg Hilary P. , Briggs Farren B. S. , Forester Brent P. , Patrick Regan E. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Gildengers Ariel , Jimenez Esther , Vieta Eduard , Mulsant Benoit , Schouws Sigfried , Paans Nadine , Strejilevich Sergio , Sutherland Ashley , Tsai Shangying , Wilson Betsy , Eyler Lisa T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveLiterature on older‐age bipolar disorder (OABD) is limited. This first‐ever analysis of the Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE‐BD) investigated associations among age, BD symptoms, comorbidity, and functioning.MethodsThis analysis used harmonized, baseline, cross‐sectional data from 19 international studies (N = 1377). Standardized measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D), Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).ResultsMean sample age was 60.8 years (standard deviation [SD] 12.2 years), 55% female, 72% BD I. Mood symptom severity was low: mean total YMRS score of 4.3 (SD 5.4) and moderate‐to‐severe depression in only 22%. Controlled for sample effects, both manic and depressive symptom severity appeared lower among older individuals (p's < 0.0001). The negative relationship between older age and symptom severity was similar across sexes, but was stronger among those with lower education levels. GAF was mildly impaired (mean =62.0, SD = 13.3) and somatic burden was high (mean =2.42, SD = 1.97). Comorbidity burden was not associated with GAF. However, higher depressive (p < 0.0001) and manic (p < 0.0001) symptoms were associated with lower GAF, most strongly among older individuals.ConclusionsFindings suggest an attenuation of BD symptoms in OABD, despite extensive somatic burden. Depressive symptom severity was strongly associated with worse functioning in older individuals, underscoring the need for effective treatments of BD depression in older people. This international collaboration lays a path for the development of a better understanding of aging in BD.