bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpatient urine collection methods for paediatric urinary tract infections: Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies
Authors: Boon Hanne Ann , Lenaerts Wouter , Van Aerde Cedric , Verbakel Jan Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the diagnostic test accuracy of urine collection methods for urinary tract infections in outpatient children.MethodsA systematic literature review until April 2021 (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cinahl) to examine the diagnostic test accuracy of urine culture on collection methods for urinary tract infection in outpatient children below 18 years. Contamination rates were studied as secondary outcome. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 criteria. Two‐by‐two tables were extracted in duplicate to calculate sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe search identified seven relevant studies. Clean catch compared to catheterization in children less than 90 days showed a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 89% (95% CI: 84%–100% and 67%–99%), respectively. Adhesive bags compared to catheterization showed a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 75%–90%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI: 83%–96%). There was a similar diagnostic accuracy when comparing urine sampling by means of adhesive bags versus nappy pads. The contamination rate was 5% for clean catch, 30%–80% for adhesive bags and 64% for nappy pads.ConclusionNappy pads and adhesive bags are easy to use with comparable accuracy but are extremely prone to contamination. Clean‐catch urine sampling might be an accurate alternative in young infants in ambulatory care.
Editorial: metformin for portal hypertension—old dog, new tricks? Authors' reply
Authors: Rittig Nikolaj , Aagaard Niels Kristian , Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Sandahl Thomas Damgaard , Jessen Niels , Grønbæk Henning , George Jacob 
Published: July 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rittig et al and Palaniyappan & Fallowfield papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16460 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16484
Enhancing spatial skills of preschoolers from under‐resourced backgrounds: A comparison of digital app vs. concrete materials
Authors: Bower Corinne A. , Zimmermann Laura , Verdine Brian N. , Pritulsky Calla , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpatial skills support STEM learning and achievement. However, children from low‐socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds typically lag behind their middle‐ and high‐SES peers. We asked whether a digital educational app—designed to mirror an already successful, spatial assembly training program using concrete materials—would be as effective for facilitating spatial skills in under‐resourced preschoolers as the concrete materials. Three‐year‐olds (N = 61) from under‐resourced backgrounds were randomly assigned to a business‐as‐usual control group or to receive 5 weeks of spatial training using either concrete, tangible materials or a digital app on a tablet. The spatial puzzles used were an extension of items from the Test of Spatial Assembly (TOSA). Preschoolers were pretested and posttested on new two‐dimensional (2D) TOSA trials. Results indicate that both concrete and digital spatial training increased performance on the 2D‐TOSA compared to the control group. The two trainings did not statistically differ from one another suggesting that educational spatial apps may be one route to providing early foundational skills to children from under‐resourced backgrounds.
A fiscal perspective on nominal GDP targeting
Authors: Abo‐Zaid Salem , Chen Huiying , Kamara Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies fiscal policy in a model with nominal gross domestic product (GDP) targeting. We find that, with wage rigidity, nominal GDP targeting generates lower welfare losses than inflation targeting and a Taylor rule. On the other hand, adopting this regime makes standard fiscal policy rules, whereby distortionary tax rates are designed to respond to economic activity, dependent on the behavior of inflation instead. We also find that the fiscal multipliers with nominal GDP targeting are smaller than the multipliers under inflation targeting and the Taylor rule. Therefore, nominal GDP targeting does not necessarily outperform other monetary policy rules.
Revising growth history: new estimates of GDP for Norway, 1816–2019†
Authors: Grytten Ola Honningdal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article offers revised historical national accounts for Norway for the period 1816–2019. The revisions have been carried out on both the production side and the expenditure side. The major difference is that the new series include a significantly broader set of data than the previous series. This makes it possible to calculate GDP for a wider set of industries with more detailed and precise data, in a way that is more in line with modern national accounting methodology. The new series deviate at some points from the previous series. In particular, they show higher growth rates during the last half of the nineteenth century until 1906 and lower growth rates from 1918 to 1930. This is basically due to improved quality of deflators and partly due to the extended use of a double deflation technique. The revised output and input figures play a less important role. In light of the revised series, parts of Norway's economic growth and development history should be revised. Comparisons with Denmark and Sweden reveal a relatively higher level of GDP per capita for Norway during the second half of the nineteenth century than according to the previous series.
Workplace accidents and workers’ solidarity: mutual health insurance in early twentieth‐century Sweden†
Authors: Andersson Lars Fredrik , Eriksson Liselotte , Nystedt Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the industrialization period, the rate of workplace‐related accidents increased. Because of the lack of public insurance, mutual health insurance societies became the main providers of workplace accident insurance among workers. Due to large differences in accident risk, health insurance societies were potentially exposed to the risk of adverse selection, since they employed equal pricing for all members regardless of risk profile. This article investigates the impact of workplace accident risk on health insurance selection and outcomes. We employ household budget surveys encompassing urban workers in Sweden during the early twentieth century. We find evidence for a redistribution from low‐ to high‐risk‐exposed workers, as workplace accident risk had a significant and positive impact on receiving health insurance benefits, also when controlling for a variety of factors. Workers exposed to greater risks in the workplace were more likely to have health insurance but did not pay higher premiums. The redistribution from low‐ to high‐risk‐exposed workers was largely accepted and viewed as an act of solidarity between workers. Given that health insurance societies were aware of this redistribution, we argue for the presence of informed, rather than adverse, selection.
Fatigue life prediction for the main spar with wrinkle defects of a wind turbine blade
Authors: Yu Fangai , Zhou Bo , Xin Wen , Zhang Xueyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA practical method for predicting fatigue life of the main spar with wrinkle defects in a wind turbine blade is presented in this paper. First, the effect of different wrinkle geometry on stiffness in a composite laminate is quantified. Then, the model of intrinsic dissipated energy is proposed to determine the fatigue limit rapidly. A fatigue life prediction model containing unknown parameters is developed by introducing intrinsic dissipated energy to characterize stiffness degradation of the main spar laminate with wrinkle defects. The specimens with different wrinkle geometry are subjected to fatigue tests, monitored with an infrared thermography system to obtain experimental data. After determining the unknown parameters of the developed model, the S‐N curves of specimens are evaluated in a relatively short time. The predicted fatigue life is within the 95% confidence interval of lifetime obtained by the traditional tests, which suggests the developed model is accurate. This work is suitable for fatigue life prediction of main spar with different wrinkle defects.
Characterization of a biofilm formed by Fusarium oxysporum on the human nails
Authors: Veiga Flavia Franco , de Castro‐Hoshino Lidiane Vizioli , Sato Francielle , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Silva Sónia , Negri Melyssa , Svidzinski Terezinha Inez Estivalet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFusarium spp. has been considered as an onychomycosis agent, but little is known about the etiopathogenesis of fusarial onychomycosis; thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the fungal‐nail interaction and the consequences of the nail infection process by Fusarium oxysporum using the human nail, in an ex vivo model.MethodsThe kinetic of biofilm production and infection by F. oxysporum using the nail as the only nutritional source were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, number of culturable cells, metabolic activity, characterization of extracellular matrix, spectroscopy and histopathology analyses.ResultsAfter evaluating the biofilm kinetic over 7 days using different parameters and techniques, it was possible to characterize the Fusarium‐nail interaction.ConclusionsThis study is a part of a big project aiming to clarify the fusarial pathogenesis and contributes to proving F. oxysporum is able to adapt, grow, develop, and form a biofilm on healthy human nails, which are crucial steps for the invasion process.
Low‐field NMR and FTIR determination relationship between water migration and protein conformation of the preparation of minced meat
Authors: Zheng Jinyue , Sun Di , Liu Dengyong , Sun Jingxin , Shao Jun‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique were carried out to evaluate the relationship between hydration characteristics and proteins structure in different stages pork of meat batters. The results showed that T21 increased throughout the process and the change of T22 and P21 was easily impacted by water, and the alternation of secondary structure was mostly impacted by salt; P21 was negatively correlated with the content of β‐sheet (r = −0.862), and positively correlated with the content of α‐helix (r = 0.933), β‐turn (r = 0.871) and random coil (r = 0.677), which meant there was some relationship between secondary structure and water distribution and migration. This research will provide theoretical support for the processing and production of meat products.
Experienced crawlers avoid real and water drop‐offs, even when they are walking
Authors: Burnay Carolina , Cordovil Rita , Button Chris , Croft James L. , Anderson David I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCrawling experience was recently linked to crawling and walking infants’ avoidance of falling on real and water cliffs, whereas walking experience had no effect on walkers’ avoidance behavior (Burnay et al., 2021). In the current study, the behavior of 25 infants was analyzed on the Real Cliff/Water Cliff apparatus using a longitudinal study design. Infants were tested as experienced crawlers (Mcrawling = 2.93 months, SD = 1.07), novice walkers (Mwalking = 0.68 months, SD = 0.29), and experienced walkers (Mwalking = 4.90 months, SD = 0.92). Infants avoided falling on both cliffs when tested as experienced crawlers and their behavior was not different when tested as novice or experienced walkers. These findings confirmed the effect of crawling experience on crawling and walking infants’ avoidance of falls from heights and into water and the transfer of perceptual learning from crawling to walking postures.
A bioreactor for studying negative pressure wound therapy on skin grafts
Authors: Notorgiacomo Gabrielle , Klug Justin , Rapp Scott , Boyce Steven T. , Schutte Stacey C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become the prevailing standard of care for treating complex soft tissue wounds and is now being considered for use in alternative applications including improving skin graft take. While it is generally agreed that negative pressure leads to improved wound healing, universal consensus on its optimal application is not supported in the literature. We describe the design and validation of a bioreactor to determine the prospective benefits of NPWT on skin grafts and engineered skin substitutes (ESS). Clinically relevant pressures were applied, and the native human skin was able to withstand greater negative pressures than the engineered substitutes. Both skin types were cultured under static, flow‐only, and −75 mm Hg conditions for 3 days. While it remained intact, there was damage to the epidermal‐dermal junction in the ESS after application of negative pressure. The normal skin remained viable under all culture conditions. The engineered skin underwent apoptosis in the flow‐only group; however, the application of negative pressure reduced apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly higher in the normal flow‐only group, 152.0 ± 75.1 pg/mg protein, than the other culture conditions, 81.6 ± 35.5 pg/mg for the static and 103.6 ± pg/mg for the negative pressure conditions. The engineered skin had a similar trend but the differences were not significant. This bioreactor design can be used to evaluate the impacts of NPWT on the anatomy and physiology of skin to improve outcomes in wounds after grafting with normal or engineered skin.
‘I wouldn't choose this work again’: Perspectives and experiences of care aides in long‐term residential care
Authors: Booi Laura , Sixsmith Judith , Chaudhury Habib , O’Connor Deborah , Young Melanie , Sixsmith Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo provide insight into the everyday realities facing care aides working in long‐term residential care (LTRC), and how they perceive their role in society.DesignA qualitative ethnographic case study.MethodsData were collected over.10 months of fieldwork at one LTRC setting [September 2015 to June 2016] in Western Canada; semi‐structured interviews (70 h) with 31 care aides; and naturalistic observation (170 h). Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings in this work highlight the underpinned ageism of society, the gendered work of body care, and the tension between the need for relational connections – which requires time and economic profit. Four themes were identified, each relating to the lack of training, support, and appreciation care aides felt about their role in LTRC.ConclusionCare aides remain an unsupported workforce that is essential to the provision of high‐quality care in LTRC. To support the care aide role, suggestions include: (i) regulate and improve care aide training; (ii) strengthen care aides autonomy of their care delivery; and (iii) reduce stigma by increasing awareness of the care aide role.Impact

What problem did the study address? The unsupportive working conditions care aides experience in LTRC and the subsequent poor quality of care often seen delivered in LTRC settings.

What were the main findings? Although care aides express strong affection for the residents they care for, they experience insurmountable systemic and institutional barriers preventing them from delivering care.

Where and on whom will the research have impact? Care aides, care aide educators, care aide supervisors and managers in LTRC, retirement communities, and home care settings.
Role of the nurse in the design, delivery, monitoring and coordination of cancer survivorship care plans: An integrative review
Authors: Elizondo Rodriguez Nerea , Ambrosio Leire , La Rosa‐Salas Virginia , Domingo‐Osle Marta , Garcia‐Vivar Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimSurvivorship care plans (SCPs) are recommended as a tool for the care of cancer survivors. SCPs have been implemented with a multidisciplinary approach; however, the specific role of nurses in the SCP is unknown. Our aim is to determine the role of nurses and their degree of participation in cancer SCPs.DesignIntegrative review of the literature with systematic methodology.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane and Cancerlit databases were reviewed. Articles published up to March 2021 were included.Review methodOf the 2,638 publications identified, 22 studies met our inclusion criteria. Quality of included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tools.ResultsThe studies showed that nurses play a key role and participate in different phases of the SCP, including design, delivery, monitoring and coordination among different levels of care, with varying degrees of involvement and responsibility; design and delivery of the SCP are the phases with the highest nurse participation (18 out of 22 studies). The majority of SCPs are implemented in specialized, hospital‐based care and focus on short‐term cancer survivors, who are actively undergoing oncological treatments.ConclusionThis review shows that nurses actively participate in the design, implementation and coordination of SCPs. However, SCPs focus on the acute survival and treatment phases, and there is a gap in their use in long‐term cancer survivorship. This gap may be one reason the needs of long‐term cancer survivors are not covered.ImpactThis review contributes to the current body of knowledge by addressing the role of nurses in cancer SCPs. We recommend the involvement of an advanced practice nurse as SCP coordinator to improve communication between cancer specialists and primary care providers and to promote continued care throughout the different phases of cancer survivorship, including long‐term survival.
Shifting roles of the East China Sea in the phylogeography of red nanmu in East Asia
Authors: Jiang Kai , Tong Xin , Ding Yan‐Qian , Wang Zheng‐Wei , Miao Li‐Yuan , Xiao Yue‐E , Huang Wei‐Chang , Hu Yong‐Hong , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe effect of eustasy driven by climatic oscillations on species diversification across the East China Sea (ECS) remains unclear. In this study, Machilus thunbergii (红楠, red nanmu in Chinese) was used as a model species to determine whether the ECS acted as either a “species pump” or “species vacuum” during the Pleistocene.LocationsEastern China, and southern and central Japan.TaxonLauraceae.MethodsEcological niche modelling was employed to predict the potential distribution of M. thunbergii during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the last interglacial period. Nuclear microsatellite and chloroplast markers were used to reveal the phylogeographic pattern and infer the population history of 33 M. thunbergii populations.ResultsThe ecological niche models suggested that the ECS provided potentially suitable habitats for M. thunbergii during the LGM. A sharp change in cpDNA haplotypes was found along the eastern China coasts, while microsatellites revealed a clinal pattern for genetic composition from eastern China to central Japan. The divergent lineages formed an admixture on the Zhoushan Archipelago of China and Kyushu Island of Japan. The estimated divergent and admixture times were c. 68 kyr and c. 15 kyr, corresponding to the periods where there were rising sea levels after the MIS4 glaciation and falling sea levels during the LGM, respectively.Main conclusionsMachilus thunbergii probably underwent alternating population isolation during interglacial periods and connection during glacial maxima across the ECS, but such periodicity of isolation and connection seems not to have promoted diversification as suggested by the species pump hypothesis. Incipient divergence has been periodically wiped out due to frequent coalescence, rendering the ECS more like a “species vacuum”, particularly for species with relatively long generation lengths.
Simultaneous visual diagnosis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in shrimp with duplex recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Wang Pei , Ma Chao , Liao Lei , Yu Junwei , Yi Longyu , Qiao Yi , Liu Xin , Gao Song , Shen Hui , Lu Qunwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShrimp is a globally popular seafood. Shrimp farming has been challenged by various infectious diseases that lead to significant economic losses. The prevention of two important shrimp infectious diseases, the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection, is highly dependent on early and accurate diagnostic. On‐site monitoring of the two diseases in shrimp farming facilities demands point‐of‐care‐testing (POCT) type of diagnostic assays. This study established a duplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) combined assay that could simultaneously diagnose the two diseases. The optimized RPA‐LFD assay could finish the diagnostic in 35 min with good specificity, and the sensitivity reached 101 and 102 gene copies per reaction for EHP and AHPND, respectively, which were at the same level as the currently available molecular diagnostic assays. Test results of clinical samples showed 100% agreement of this assay with the industrial standard nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and samples with both diseases were simultaneously identified. Because of the isothermal 37℃ amplification and the visual reading of the signal on dipsticks, the dependence on equipment is minimal. This duplex RPA‐LFD assay is well suited for simultaneous POCT diagnostic of the two important shrimp infectious diseases. Moreover, the principle can be applied to multiplex POCT diagnostic of other infectious diseases in aquaculture.
Abdominal compartment syndrome in a monochorionic‐triamniotic triplet pregnancy complicated by feto‐fetal transfusion syndrome
Authors: Obata Kenta , Tanimura Kenji , Masuko Naohisa , Imafuku Hitomi , Egi Moritoki , Terai Yoshito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 40‐year‐old primigravida woman with a monochorionic‐triamniotic (MT) triplet pregnancy was hospitalized due to threatened abortion at 16 gestational weeks. Polyhydramnios in two fetuses and oligohydramnios in the third supported a diagnosis of feto‐fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) at 23 weeks and 3 days of gestation. Severe dyspnea and liver dysfunction required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation support, and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) caused by polyhydramnios was clinically diagnosed. When her general condition was not improved regardless of intensive care, the patient delivered the three fetuses by cesarean section at 23 weeks and 5 days gestation. Abdominal decompression was achieved with delivery, and the patient was discharged 13 days after operation without morbidity. This is the first case report of ACS caused by FFTS in a MT triplet pregnancy resulting in extremely preterm birth.