bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development or Exacerbation of an Autoimmune Disorder Associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Systematic Review of Case Reports
Authors: Gonçalves Nuno , Mata Emídio , Capela Carlos , Teixeira Pedro Miguel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Infections have long been studied as environmental triggers of autoimmunity. Previous associations between coronavirus and autoimmune disorders make severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus identified in December 2019, a potential candidate for autoimmune disorder development. Indeed, an increasing number of these cases have been reported prompting a characterization and summarization of existing evidence.Objectives: This review aims to characterize and summarize case reports documenting the development or exacerbation of an autoimmune disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods: A bibliographic search of Embase was performed from inception to July 2020. Studies included reported the development or exacerbation of an autoimmune disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Quality was judge using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports and piloted forms were used for data collection. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.Results: From 304 entries, 85 different cases were included, 41%-99% with good appraisal across quality domains. Sixty-two (72.9%) patients had no previous autoimmune disorder and 70 (82.4%) developed it De novo, the most frequent being Guillain–Barré syndrome and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Eighteen (21.2%) cases of autoimmune disorders, mostly in remission, exacerbated. Organ-specific disease was found in 57 (67.1%) and systemic in 28. Disease affection was categorized into groups, the most frequent being neurological (36; 42.4%), vasculitis (19; 22.4%), blood (15; 17.6%), and connectivitis/systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome (6; 7.1%). The median coronavirus disease-2019 to De novo autoimmune disorder latency was 11 days (IQR = 5.75-16).Conclusions: Although, as a systematic review of case reports, this study cannot verify causality, it provides support for further studies on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, it delivers a characterization and summarization of existing reports making it a resource for clinicians to be aware of possible autoimmune disorder complications while taking care of their SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
In-silico predictions of deleterious SNPs in Human ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EPHA3) gene
Authors: Chatterjee Dipankor , Chowdhury Umar Faruq , Shohan Mohammad Umer Sharif , Mohasin Md , Kabir Yearul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EPHA3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the EPHA3 gene, involves in many biological functions, such as cell migration, adhesion, etc. Overexpression or inactivation of EPHA3 receptors can be complicit in various oncogenic events. Therefore, SNP analysis is required to screen out the deleterious SNPs, such as non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), and in-silico analysis is an effective way to do this screening process. Using eight bioinformatics tools, 81 nsSNPs were found as potential harmful nsSNPs by in-silico analysis among 631 nsSNPs that were retrieved from the dbSNP database. 77 out of 81 substitutions were found as highly conserved by ConSurf analysis. G628E, I652M nsSNPs were found to be present in the ATP-binding site. N751D was found in one of the catalytic residues and P824S in the αF-αG loop in the substrate-binding region. Y596H, Y779C & D598G nsSNPs were found to be associated with activation and regulatory mechanism. R66S, R160H, R104Q nsSNPs were present in the EPH-ligand binding domain that has a higher probability of interfering with ligand-receptor interactions. 21 SNPs associated with the alteration of miRNA target site at 3’ UTR region, which may be responsible for affecting post-transcriptional regulation of EPHA3 gene. These findings will provide necessary data to explore various diseases or cancers pertinent to the EPHA3 receptor protein, will provide remedial biomarkers, may help in molecular diagnosis, and help to design target-specific therapeutic agents.
Facial Fractures: Independent Prediction of Neurosurgical Intervention
Authors: Lucke-Wold Brandon , Pierre Kevin , Aghili-Mehrizi Sina , Murad Gregory 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Over half of patients with facial fractures have associated traumatic brain injury. Based on previous force dynamic cadaveric studies, Lefort type 2 and 3 fractures are more associated with severe injury. Whether this correlates to neurosurgical intervention have not been well characterized. The purpose of this retrospective data analysis is to characterize fracture pattern types in patients requiring neurosurgical intervention and to see if this is different from those not requiring intervention. Methods:Retrospective data was collected from the trauma registry from 2010-2019. Inclusion criteria: adults over 18, confirmed facial fracture with available neuroimaging, reported traumatic brain injury, and admission to ICU or floor bed. Exclusion criteria: patients less than 18 years old, patients with no neuroimaging, and patients that were deceased prior to initiation of neurosurgical intervention. Data included: basic demographic data, presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, mechanism of injury, type of traumatic brain injury, neurosurgical intervention, and facial fracture type. Retrospective Contingency Analysis with Fraction of Total Comparison was used with Chi-Square analysis for demographic and injury characteristic data.Results:1172 patients met inclusion criteria. 1001 required no neurosurgical intervention and 171 required intervention. No significant difference was seen between the non-intervention group and intervention group in terms of demographic data or baseline injury characteristics except for presenting GCS. A significant difference was seen between groups for presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (c2=67.71, p<0.001). The intervention group had greater number of patients with GCS<8 compared to the non-intervention group. Fracture patterns were overall similar between the non-intervention group compared to intervention group (c2=4.518, p=0.92), however subset analysis did reveal a 2 fold increase in Lefort type 2 fractures and notable increase in Lefort type 3 and panfacial fractures in the intervention group. The intervention group was further divided into those requiring external ventricular drain or intracranial pressure monitor only vs. patients requiring craniectomy, craniotomy, or burr holes with or with external ventricular drain or intracranial pressure monitor. A significant difference was seen between groups (c2=20.02, p=0.03). The craniectomy, craniotomy, or burr hole group was much more likely to have Lefort type 2 or 3 fractures compared to the external ventricular drain or intracranial pressure monitor group only. Conclusions:Lefort type 2 and type 3 fractures are significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. An improved algorithm for managing these patients has been proposed in the discussion. Ongoing work will focus on validating and refining the algorithm in order to improve patient care for trauma patients with facial fracture and traumatic brain injury.
Assessment of laboratory waste management and laboratory staff awareness in Khartoum state
Authors: Hussein Hussein Abker 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background A good environmental health conditions is a challenge worldwide. However, Majority of Laboratory wastes extremely dangerous to the environment, animals, and human because of increasing numbers of laboratories and health facilities especially on big cities in Africa like Khartoum state Capital of Sudan. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group included 36 laboratories in Khartoum state from February to march 2021. Approvals have taken from each laboratory and participants voluntary informed consent and the data were collected using administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS . Result Majority of the laboratories have sharp and needles waste , biological waste of human samples mainly (urine, stool, blood) and regular waste. Followed by chemical waste, culture media respectively, and radioactive waste which is the least frequent waste in Khartoum medical laboratories. More than two thirds of laboratory personal did not get training in waste management. greater portion of laboratories have specialized company approved by authorities to collect the medical waste and treat it. similar percentage of laboratories have dustman for this job and in few laboratories the collection and treatment of the waste done by laboratory staff. Majority of laboratories staff are separating the medical sharps from other types of wastes in safety boxes and get rid of it by specialized company in medical waste. Few laboratories throw the safety box in landfill and reuse the safety box again and others burring or burning it. Majority of laboratory staff they don’t know how to manage chemical waste. Conclusion Laboratories wastes are harmful to the environment, human, and animals. laboratories staff have inadequate training in waste management and disposable .there is no unique protocol for waste management and disposal followed by laboratories in Khartoum state so jeopardize laboratorian and community .
Diagnostic utility of metabolic parameters on FDG PET/CT for lymph node metastasis in patients with cN2 non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nakanishi Keita , Nakamura Shota , Sugiyama Tomoshi , Kadomatsu Yuka , Ueno Harushi , Goto Masaki , Ozeki Naoki , Fukui Takayuki , Iwano Shingo , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of metabolic parameters on fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) for predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with cN2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 45 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for cN2 NSCLC between 2007 and 2020. Among them, 84 hilar and mediastinal LNs clinically diagnosed as positive and retrieved by surgery were investigated. To measure the metabolic parameters of LNs, preexisting PET data were reanalyzed, and the data according to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and LN-to-primary tumor ratio of SUVmax (LPR) were examined. Diagnosis of each retrieved LN was confirmed based on histopathological examination of tissue specimens at surgery. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with area under the curve (AUC) calculations and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were performed.Results Of the 84 LNs clinically diagnosed as positive, 63 LNs were pathologically proven as positive (75%). The SUVmax, MTV, TLG, and LPR of LN metastasis were significantly higher than those of benign nodes. In the ROC analysis, the AUC value of LPR [AUC, 0.776; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.640–0.913] was higher than that of LN SUVmax (AUC, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.626–0.880) or LN TLG3.5 (AUC, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.607–0.885). Using the optimal LPR cutoff value of 0.47, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 84.1%, 66.7%, 88.3%, 58.3%, and 79.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression showed that LPR was an independent predictor for LN metastasis (odds ratio, 6.45; 95% CI, 1.785–23.301; P = 0.004). In the subgroup analysis of adenocarcinoma patients (n = 18; 32 LNs), TLG3.5 was a better predictor (AUC, 0.816; 95% CI, 0.639–0.985) than LPR (AUC, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.599–0.986) or LN SUVmax (AUC, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.625–0.959).Conclusions LPR on FDG-PET before surgery is a useful predictor for LN metastasis in patients with cN2 NSCLC. TLG can be a good predictor for LN metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma.
Using MALDI-TOF spectra in epidemiological surveillance for the detection of bacterial subgroups with a possible epidemic potential
Authors: Giraud-Gatineau Audrey , Texier Gaetan , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Raoult Didier , Chaudet Hervé 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background For the purpose of epidemiological surveillance, the Hospital University Institute Méditerranée infection has implemented since 2013 a system named MIDaS, based on the systematic collection of routine activity materials, including MALDI-TOF spectra, and results. The objective of this paper is to present the pipeline we use for processing MALDI-TOF spectra during epidemiological surveillance in order to disclose proteinic cues that may suggest the existence of epidemic processes in complement of incidence surveillance. It is illustrated by the analysis of an alarm observed for Streptococcus pneumoniae.Methods The MALDI-TOF spectra analysis process looks for the existence of clusters of spectra characterized by a double time and proteinic close proximity. This process relies on several specific methods aiming at contrasting and clustering the spectra, presenting graphically the results for an easy epidemiological interpretation, and for determining the discriminating spectra peaks with their possible identification using reference databases. Results The use of this pipeline in the case of an alarm issued for Streptococcus pneumoniae has made it possible to reveal a cluster of spectra with close proteinic and temporal distances, characterized by the presence of three discriminant peaks (5228.8, 5917.8, and 8974.3 m/z) and the absence of peak 4996.9 m/z. A further investigation on UniProt KB showed that peak 5228.8 is possibly an OxaA protein and that the absent peak may be a transposase.Conclusion This example shows this pipeline may support a quasi-real time identification and characterization of clusters that provide essential information on a potentially epidemic situation. It brings valuable information for epidemiological sensemaking and for deciding on the continuation of the epidemiological investigation, in particular the involving of additional costly resources to confirm or invalidate the alarm. Clinical trials registration. NCT03626987Study authorization. This study has been allowed by the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL decision DR-2018-177).
Treatment with 188Re Reduces Cancerous Phenotype in Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Asadian Samieh , Piryaei Abbas , Gheibi Nematolah , Kalantari Bagher Aziz , Davarpanah Mohamad Reza , Saberi Samaneh , Azad Mehdi , Kapustina Valentina , Nejad Sahar Moghbeli , Mohamadi Morteza , Shpichka Anastasia , Timashev Peter , Hassan Moustapha , Vosough Massoud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conventional treatments is a big challenge. Despite the promising progress in advanced targeted therapies, HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radionuclide therapy could be an effective targeted approach to address this concern. Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a β-emitting radionuclide that can be used in clinic for apoptosis induction and inhibit cell proliferation. Although adherent cell cultures are efficient and reliable, the lack of appropriate cell-cell and cell-ECM contact exists. It has been demonstrated that three-dimensional organotypic human cancer models are suitable alternatives.
Methods

Conventional adherent culture and 3D constructs of Huh7 or HepG2 hepatoma cell lines cultured on liver extracellular matrix (ECM) were treated by different doses of 188 Rhenium Perrhenate (188ReO4). To evaluate cell viability, live/dead assay carried out. The flow-cytometric assay, qRT-PCR, western bolting, colony formation assay, and immunofluorescence (IF) studies were performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of 188ReO4. Subsequently, the tumor formation ability of 188ReO4-treated Huh7 cells was evaluated in animal model.
Results

According to viability assay and live/dead staining, the number of dead cells in Huh7 and HepG2 lines were significantly increased compared to untreated control groups. Data obtained from Annexin/PI showed that Huh7 and HepG2 cells showed typical apoptotic changes after treatment with 188ReO4. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting data also supported that 188ReO4 treatment can induce apoptosis. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest observed in G2 phase after exposure to effective dose of 188ReO4 in Huh7 cells. Colony formation assay confirmed growth suppression in Huh7 and HepG2 cells post exposure. The IF also displayed proliferation inhibition in the 188ReO4 treated cells on 3D scaffolds of liver extracellular matrix (LEM). In 2D culture, PI3-AKT signaling pathway remained unchanged whereas, in the 3D condition it was activated. Treated Huh7 cells with effective dose of 188ReO4 lose their tumor formation ability in nude mice compare to the control group.
Conclusion

The results supported that 188ReO4 could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibit tumor formation capacity in HCC cells.
Issue of Lithium-indium Anode in High Energy and Power All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Luo Shuting , Wang Zhenyu , Li Xuelei , Liu Xinyu , Wang Haidong , Ma Weigang , Zhang Lianqi , zhu Lingyun , Zhang Xing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) using sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) offer an attractive option for energy storage applications. Lithium anode is the ultimate goal for ASSLBs, but lithium-indium (Li-In) alloy anode is more widely utilized in lab testing owing to the quite stable interface and elimination for the risk of short circuit. However, vigorous growth of Li-In dendrites in SSE is discovered in the present work when a full cell (LiNbO3 coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2//Li6PS5Cl//Li-In) is cycled in high loading and high rate. Our study demonstrates that Li-In anode is unstable towards SSEs at high current, which induces Li-In dendrite growth enclosing electrolyte particles and eventually results in cell death after a long cycling. The morphology and growth mechanism of Li-In dendrites are revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) analysis and density function theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the differences between Li and Li-In dendrites are systematically compared.
The Impact of Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Chemoresistance via Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shibutani Masatsune , Nakao Shigetomi , Maeda Kiyoshi , Nagahara Hisashi , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been reported to promote proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Furthermore, angiogenesis has been reported to induce chemoresistance due to the inefficient distribution of drugs to cancer cells. However, the impact of TAMs on chemoresistance via angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of TAMs on the chemotherapeutic outcome in CRC. Methods: We enrolled 54 patients who underwent chemotherapy for unresectable metastatic CRC after resection of the primary tumor. We evaluated the density of TAMs and the degree of angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry and then explored the correlation between the density of TAMs and the chemotherapeutic outcome. Furthermore, we also assessed any correlation between the density of TAMs and that of neovascularity.Results: The high-TAMs group had a significantly worse progression-free survival (p=0.0006) and a poorer response rate (p=0.0274) than the low-TAMs group. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the density of TAMs and the degree of neovascularity (r=0.665, p=0.0004). Conclusions: TAMs were revealed to promote chemoresistance via angiogenesis in CRC.
Hemogram Rates as Prognostic Markers of ICU Admission in COVID-19
Authors: Velazquez Sara , Madurga Rodrigo , Castellano Jose Maria , Rodriguez-Pascual Jesus , de Aguiar Santiago Ruiz , Jimeno Sara , Montero Juan Ignacio , Ventura Paula Sol , López-Escobar Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSince first cases of SARS COV-2 were identified, the number of affected and dead people make necessary to identify factors related to worse evolution. Endothelial injury has been proposed as the main pathophysiological mechanism in the illness development, which provokes a hyper inflammation and prothrombotic state. Leukocytes and platelets play a role in inflammation and thrombogenesis so we propose to study if neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the novel neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), could be useful to identify patients who will need admission at Intensive Care Units.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed at HM Hospitales including 2245 patients with COVID-19 from March 1 to June 10, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups, admitted, and not admitted to ICU. ResultsPatients requiring ICU admission had significantly higher rates at the moment of hospital admission in NLR (6.9 [4–11.7] vs 4.1 [2.6–7.6], p<0.0001), PLR (2 [1.4–3.3] vs 1.9 [1.3–2.9], p=0.023), NPR (3 [2.1–4.2] vs 2.3 [1.6–3.2], p<0.0001) and SII (13 [6.5–25.7] vs 9 [4.9–17.5], p<0.0001) than those who did not enter ICU. After multivariable logistic regression models, the hemogram rate that better remains as a predictor of ICU admission, when adjusted for the more complex model, was NPR, OR 1.11 (95% CI: 0.98-1.22, p=0.055).ConclusionsThe four rates obtained from hemogram at hospital admission, especially the novelty NPR, have shown to be useful as predictors of unfavorable clinical evolution.
Land Cover Pattern and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19
Authors: Li Chao , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has already caused 1,405,029 deaths worldwide, as of November 25th, 2020. Assessing whether land cover in people’s living environments affects COVID-19 health outcomes is an urgent and crucial public health problem. Here, we examine land cover data associated with the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 at the county-level, in the United States. A 1% increase in green space in the county is associated with a statistically significant 0.34% (95% confidence interval 0.13%-0.55%) decrease in the county’s COVID-19 CFR, and a 1% increase in emergent herbaceous wetlands are correlated with a 1.65% (0.19%-3.11%) decrease in the CFR. In addition, a 1% increase in high intensity developed area among the total developed area is related to a significant 3.63% (2.14%-5.12%) increase in the CFR, while a 1% increase in medium intensity developed area is associated with a 0.75% (-0.02%-1.51%) decrease. Our research highlights that governments could prevent similar pandemics in the future and even achieve some sustainable development goals by decreasing development intensity and increasing green space in living environments.