bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unterscheidet sich die berufliche Wiedereingliederung nach medizinscher Rehabilitation bezüglich Sozialstatus und Art der rehabilitativen Versorgung?
Authors: Götz Simon , Wahrendorf Morten , Dragano Nico 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Beschäftigte mit einer niedrigen sozioökonomischen Position (SEP) scheiden nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation öfter gesundheitsbedingt vollständig aus dem Erwerbsleben aus, als solche in einer höheren Position. Bisher ist unklar, ob bestimmte Arten der rehabilitativen Versorgung diese Ungleichheit im Rehabilitationserfolg reduzieren können. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob bestimmte Arten der rehabilitativen Versorgung den Einfluss der SEP auf eine Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben (Return-to-Work; RTW) modifizieren.
Methodik Die Studie basiert auf administrativen Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung zu 266 413 medizinische Rehabilitationen von 253 311 voll ins Erwerbsleben integrierten Personen. Mit Poisson Regressionsanalysen wurde geprüft, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen SEP (Einkommen, Bildung, Berufliche Position) und der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines RTW in den 12 Monaten nach der Maßnahme besteht und ob dieser Zusammenhang ggf. bei einer Anschlussheilbehandlung (AHB), einer stationären Behandlung oder einer Behandlung mit anschließender stufenweiser Wiedereingliederung geringer ausfällt als bei Rehabilitationen, die diese Merkmale nicht erfüllen.
Ergebnisse Personen mit niedrigem Einkommen, geringer Bildung oder niedriger beruflicher Position haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine unvollständige Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation. Dieser Zusammenhang ist für alle 3 SEP-Indikatoren vergleichsweise schwächer, wenn die Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben als stufenweise Wiedereingliederung erfolgt. Bei AHB und stationären Rehabilitationen fällt der Zusammenhang ebenfalls schwächer aus, jedoch nur beim SEP Indikator Einkommen.
Schlussfolgerung Sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Bevölkerungsgruppen kehren vergleichsweise häufiger nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation nicht vollständig ins Erwerbsleben zurück. Diese Ungleichheiten fallen aber bei bestimmten Arten der rehabilitativen Versorgung geringer aus. Tendenziell ist dies bei einer aktiven strukturierenden Rolle des Versorgungssystems der Fall. Bezüglich der Effektmodifikation durch die Art der Behandlung besteht jedoch weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Diese sollte durch zu diesem Zweck erhobene Daten weiter untersucht werden, um Selektionseffekte auszuschließen.
Validation of the 2019 European Society of Cardiology Risk Stratification Algorithm for Pulmonary Embolism in Normotensive Elderly Patients
Authors: Moor Jeanne , Baumgartner Christine , Méan Marie , Stalder Odile , Limacher Andreas , Rodondi Nicolas , Aujesky Drahomir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend evaluation for right ventricular dysfunction in all normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We compared the predictive performance of the 2019 and 2014 ESC risk stratification algorithms and the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI).
Methods We performed a posthoc analysis of normotensive patients aged ≥ 65 years with acute PE from a prospective cohort. The primary outcome was overall mortality; secondary outcomes were PE-related mortality and adverse outcomes (PE-related death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, catecholamine use, recurrent venous thromboembolism) at 30 days. We assessed outcomes in intermediate-high, intermediate-low, and low-risk groups according to the 2019 and 2014 ESC algorithms and the PESI. Discriminative power was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Results Among 419 patients, 14 (3.3%) died (7 from PE) and 16 (3.8%) had adverse outcomes within 30 days. The 2019 ESC algorithm classified more patients as intermediate-high risk (45%) than the 2014 ESC algorithm (24%) or the PESI (37%), and only 19% as low risk (32% with 2014 ESC or the PESI). Discriminatory power for overall mortality was lower with the 2019 ESC algorithm (AUC: 63.6%), compared with the 2014 ESC algorithm (AUC: 71.5%) or the PESI (AUC: 75.2%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.063). Discrimination for PE-related mortality and adverse outcomes was similar.
Conclusion While categorizing more patients in higher risk groups, the 2019 ESC algorithm for PE did not improve prediction of short-term outcomes compared with the 2014 ESC algorithm or the PESI.
Stereochemical Control of Tricoordinate Copper(I) Complexes Based on N-(9-Alkyl-9-fluorenyl)-Substituted Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Brenner Eric , Matt Dominique , Almallah Hamze , Gourlaouen Christophe , Hissler Muriel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of tricoordinate copper(I) complexes of general formula [Cu(Et
F-NHC)(2,2′-dipyridylamine)][BF4], in which Et
F-NHC represents an imidazol-2-ylidene ligand bearing a 9-ethyl-9-fluorenyl N-substituent have been synthesised stepwise from appropriate N-arylimidazoles. All complexes are remarkably air-stable, both in solution and in the solid state. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that in three of the complexes the fluorenylidene plane and the dipyridylamine (dpa) unit undergo intramolecular π–π stacking. The resulting bending of the fluorenilydene plane towards the metal atom is likely to contribute to maintain the trigonal planar geometry of the [Cu–C,N,N] unit upon binding of exogenous substrates, thereby considerably increasing complex stability.
Depression in Patients with Epilepsy in Nigeria: Phenomenology and Predictors
Authors: Ogundare Temitope 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives In this article, we aimed to determine the correlates of depression among patients with epilepsy in Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Methods 270 patients with epilepsy attending the outpatient clinic of the hospital were recruited and assessed using sociodemographic questionnaire, MINI-Plus, and BDI-II.
Results The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the respondents was 32 (9.9) years, 45.6% were females, and 38.5% were married. Thirty-two (11.9%) patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 13 (4.8%) had a diagnosis of dysthymia. The most common depressive symptoms were loss of pleasure (84.4%), crying (84.4%), self-dislike (81.3%), and loss of energy, tiredness/fatigue, indecisiveness and punishment feelings (78.1% each). Vegetative symptoms such as changes in appetite and sleep and loss of interest in sex were the least common depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression, seizure frequency was the single predictor of MDD and dysthymia. Patients who had at least one seizure per week were five times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 5.1, p = 0.014) and 16 times likely to have dysthymia (OR= 16.0, p = 0.0007). Patients who had at least one seizure per month were 3 times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 3.3, p = 0.029).
Conclusion Seizure frequency is an independent predictor of depression among patients with epilepsy. Patients with poor seizure control are at higher risk of developing depression and should be routinely screened for depression.
Development of a Prognostic Model to Predict Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Intensive Care Setting in a Developing Country
Authors: Jayan Mini , Shukla Dhaval , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Konar Subhas K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to develop a prognostic model for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of our institute.

Materials and Methods The clinical and computed tomography scan data of consecutive patients admitted after a diagnosis TBI in ICU were reviewed. Construction of the model was done by using all the variables of Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury and International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI models. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality.

Results A total of 243 patients with TBI were admitted to ICU during the study period. The in-hospital mortality was 15.3%. On multivariate analysis, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, hypoxia, hypotension, and obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns were significantly associated with mortality. Patients with hypoxia had eight times, with hypotensions 22 times, and with obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns three times more chance of death. The TBI score was developed as a sum of individual points assigned as follows: GCS score 3 to 4 (+2 points), 5 to 12 (+1), hypoxia (+1), hypotension (+1), and obliteration third ventricle/basal cistern (+1). The mortality was 0% for a score of “0” and 85% for a score of “4.”

Conclusion The outcome of patients treated in ICU was based on common admission variables. A simple clinical grading score allows risk stratification of patients with TBI admitted in ICU.
Pulsed x-ray detector based on Fe doped β-Ga2O3 single crystal
Authors: Zhou Leidang , Chen Liang , Ruan Jinlu , Lu Xing , Liu Bo , Gao Runlong , Li Yang , Geng Li , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

β-Ga2O3 has shown great potential for x-ray detection. In this paper, we demonstrate a nanosecond fast-response metal–semiconductor–metal x-ray detection based on Fe doped semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 single crystal. Material characterizations revealed that the iron substituting for gallium (FeGa) and oxygen vacancy (V
O) were the main defects within the β-Ga2O3 and led to a high resistivity property of the material. The detector feathered a low dark current ∼270 pA (955 × pA cm−2) at 800 V and the x-ray detection process was slightly affected by the photodonductive gain. To x-ray illumination, the detector exhibited a low noise-equivalent dose rate ∼4.1 × 10−7 Gyair s−1 Hz−0.5, a response sensitivity of 23.2 nC Gyair
−1 and a fast transient response (<20 ms). In addition, a pulsed x-ray detection in 50 ns was achieved and the time resolution of the β-Ga2O3 detector was revealed to be <2 ns. The results demonstrate that the β-Ga2O3-based detector was promising for fast x-ray detection application.
Fabrication of 2D silicon nano-mold by side etch lift-off method
Authors: Guo Ran , Qi Liping , Xu Liang , Liu Lingpeng , Sun Lei , Yin Zhifu , Li Kehong , Zou Helin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nano-imprint technology is a method of nano-pattern reproduction, has the characteristics of high resolution, high throughput, and low-cost. It can reduce the complexity and cost of the equipment while improving the resolution, which considered a promising industrial production technology. The key to nanoimprinting lies in the mold, and the quality of the mold directly determines the quality of the imprinted graphics. Here, a method for fabricating sub-100 nm concave 2D silicon nano-mold by side etch lift-off is proposed. The effects of different wet etching time and the metal deposition angle on the width of nanochannels were studied. The measurement result of dry etching shows that on the entire 4 inch silicon wafer, the width of the nanochannel varies by 4% and the depth by 2%. The width of the nanochannel between chips varies by 0.7%, and the depth variation is 1%. With this new method, high-precision and large-scale silicon nano-mold can be produced, which has great potential for realizing high-precision and low-cost manufacturing of nano devices.
Respiratory motion correction for enhanced quantification of hepatic lesions in simultaneous PET and DCE-MR imaging
Authors: Ippoliti Matteo , Lukas Mathias , Brenner Winfried , Schatka Imke , Furth Christian , Schaeffter Tobias , Makowski Marcus R , Kolbitsch Christoph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous positron-emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a hybrid technique in oncological hepatic imaging combining soft-tissue and functional contrast of dynamic contrast enhanced MR (DCE-MR) with metabolic information from PET. In this context, respiratory motion represents a major challenge by introducing blurring, artifacts and misregistration in the liver. In this work, we propose a free-breathing 3D non-rigid respiratory motion correction framework for simultaneously acquired DCE-MR and PET data, which makes use of higher spatial resolution MR data to derive motion information used directly during image reconstruction to minimize image blurring and motion artifacts. The main aim was to increase contrast of hepatic metastases to improve their detection and characterization. DCE-MR data were acquired at 3T through a golden radial phase encoding scheme, enabling derivation of motion fields. These were used in the motion compensated image reconstruction of DCE-MR time-series (48 time-points, 6 s temporal resolution, 1.5 mm isotropic spatial resolution) and 3D PET activity map, which was subsequently interpolated to the DCE-MR resolution. The extended Tofts model was fitted to DCE-MR data, obtaining functional parametric maps related to perfusion such as the endothelial permeability (

K

t

). Fifty-seven hepatic metastases were identified and analyzed. Quantitative evaluations of motion correction in PET images demonstrated average percentage increases of 16% ± 5% (mean ± SD) in Contrast (C), 18% ± 6% in SUVmean and 14% ± 2% in SUVmax, while DCE-MR and

K

t

scored contrast-to-noise-ratio increases of 64% ± 3% and 90% ± 6%, respectively. Motion-corrected data visually showed improved image contrast of hepatic metastases and effectively reduced blurring and motion artefacts. Scatter plots of SUVmean versus

K

t

suggested that the proposed framework improved differentiation of

K

t

measurements. The presented motion correction framework for simultaneously acquired PET-DCE-MR data provides accurately aligned images with increased contrast of hepatic lesions allowing for improved detection and characterization.
Feasibility of space-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Dong Chen , Zhao Shanghong , Liu Yong , Liu Xiaowen , Zhu Haonan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) is considered to be an alternative to overcome the currently trusted satellite paradigm. However, the feasibility of the space-based MDI-QKD remains unclear in terms of the factors: the high-loss uplink between a ground station and a satellite, the limited duration when two ground stations are simultaneously visible, as well as the rigorous requirements for the two-photon interference when performing the Bell-state measurement. In this paper, we present a feasibility assessment of space-based MDI-QKD based on the Micius satellite. Integrated with the orbital dynamics model and atmosphere channel model, a framework is presented to explore the whole parameters space including orbit height, elevation angle, apertures of transceiver and atmospheric turbulence intensity to give the considerations for improving key rates and subsequently provide a relevant parameter tradeoff for the implementation of space-based MDI-QKD. We further investigate the heart of MDI-QKD, the two-photon interference considerations such as the frequency calibration and time synchronization technology against Doppler shift, and the way of performing the intensity optimization method in the dynamic and asymmetric channels. Our work can be used as a pathfinder to support decisions involving as the selection of the future quantum communication satellite missions.
Inflationary magnetogenesis with reheating phase from higher curvature coupling
Authors: Bamba Kazuharu , Elizalde E. , Odintsov S.D. , Paul Tanmoy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the generation of magnetic fields from inflation, which occurs via breakdown of the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic (EM) field, when coupled with the Ricci scalar and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. For the case of instantaneous reheating, the resulting strength of the magnetic field at present is too small and violates the observational constraints. However, the problem is solved provided there is a reheating phase with a non-zero e-fold number. During reheating, the energy density of the magnetic field is seen to evolve as (a
3
H)-2 and, after that, as a
-4 up to the present epoch (here a is the scale factor and H the Hubble parameter). It is found that this reheating phase –characterized by a certain e-fold number, a constant value of the equation of state parameter, and a given reheating temperature– renders the magnetogenesis model compatible with the observational constraints. The model provides, in turn, a viable way of constraining the reheating equation of state parameter, from data analysis of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
Updated BBN constraints on electromagnetic decays of MeV-scale particles
Authors: Depta Paul Frederik , Hufnagel Marco , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, we revise and update model-independent
constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis on MeV-scale particles
ϕ which decay into photons and/or electron-positron pairs. We
use the latest determinations of primordial abundances and extend
the analysis in [1] by including all
spin-statistical factors as well as inverse decays, significantly
strengthening the resulting bounds in particular for small masses.
For a very suppressed initial abundance of ϕ, these effects
become ever more important and we find that even a pure `freeze-in'
abundance can be significantly constrained. In parallel to this
article, we release the public code ACROPOLIS which
numerically solves the reaction network necessary to evaluate the
effect of photodisintegration on the final light element
abundances. As an interesting application, we re-evaluate a possible
solution of the lithium problem due to the photodisintegration of
beryllium and find that e.g. an ALP produced via freeze-in can lead
to a viable solution.
Spectroscopic investigation of light strange S = −1 Λ and Σ and S = −2 Ξ baryons
Authors: Menapara Chandni , Rai Ajay Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study is dedicated to light-strange

with strangeness S = −1 and isospin I = 0,

with S = −1 and I = 1, and

baryon with S = −2 and

. In this study, the hypercentral constituent quark model with linear confining potential has been employed along with a first order correction term to obtain the resonance masses up to approximately 4 GeV. The calculated states include 1S-5S, 1P-4P, 1D-3D, 1F-2F, and 1G (in a few cases) along with all possible spin-parity assignments. Regge trajectories have been explored for the linearity of the calculated masses for

and

. Magnetic moments have been intensively studied for ground state spin

and

, in addition to the configuration mixing of the first negative parity state for

. Lastly, the transition magnetic moments and radiative decay widths have been presented.
Optimizing deep brain stimulation based on isostable amplitude in essential tremor patient models
Authors: Duchet Benoit , Weerasinghe Gihan , Bick Christian , Bogacz Rafal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. Deep brain stimulation is a treatment for medically refractory essential tremor. To improve the therapy, closed-loop approaches are designed to deliver stimulation according to the system’s state, which is constantly monitored by recording a pathological signal associated with symptoms (e.g. brain signal or limb tremor). Since the space of possible closed-loop stimulation strategies is vast and cannot be fully explored experimentally, how to stimulate according to the state should be informed by modeling. A typical modeling goal is to design a stimulation strategy that aims to maximally reduce the Hilbert amplitude of the pathological signal in order to minimize symptoms. Isostables provide a notion of amplitude related to convergence time to the attractor, which can be beneficial in model-based control problems. However, how isostable and Hilbert amplitudes compare when optimizing the amplitude response to stimulation in models constrained by data is unknown. Approach. We formulate a simple closed-loop stimulation strategy based on models previously fitted to phase-locked deep brain stimulation data from essential tremor patients. We compare the performance of this strategy in suppressing oscillatory power when based on Hilbert amplitude and when based on isostable amplitude. We also compare performance to phase-locked stimulation and open-loop high-frequency stimulation. Main results. For our closed-loop phase space stimulation strategy, stimulation based on isostable amplitude is significantly more effective than stimulation based on Hilbert amplitude when amplitude field computation time is limited to minutes. Performance is similar when there are no constraints, however constraints on computation time are expected in clinical applications. Even when computation time is limited to minutes, closed-loop phase space stimulation based on isostable amplitude is advantageous compared to phase-locked stimulation, and is more efficient than high-frequency stimulation. Significance. Our results suggest a potential benefit to using isostable amplitude more broadly for model-based optimization of stimulation in neurological disorders.
Fluctuation–dissipation relations in the absence of detailed balance: formalism and applications to active matter
Authors: Cengio Sara Dal , Levis Demian , Pagonabarraga Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study about the relationship between the way detailed balance is broken in non-equilibrium systems and the resulting violations of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem. Starting from stochastic dynamics with both odd and even variables under time-reversal, we derive an explicit expression for the time-reversal operator, i.e. the Markovian operator which generates the time-reversed trajectories. We then exploit the relation between entropy production and the breakdown of detailed balance to establish general constraints on the non-equilibrium steady-states (NESS), which relate the non-equilibrium character of the dynamics with symmetry properties of the NESS distribution. This provides a direct route to derive extended fluctuation–dissipation relations, expressing the linear response function in terms of NESS correlations. Such framework provides a unified way to understand the departure from equilibrium of active systems and its linear response. We then consider two paradigmatic models of interacting self-propelled particles, namely active Brownian particles and active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particles. We analyze the non-equilibrium character of these systems (also within a Markov and a Chapman–Enskog approximation) and derive extended fluctuation–dissipation relations for them, clarifying which features of these active model systems are genuinely non-equilibrium.
Research of the Technology of Joint Processing of Stale Copper-Smelting Slags and Pyrite Cinders with the Extraction of Non-Ferrous Metals into a Commercial Product
Authors: Kolmachikhina O B , Polygalov S E , Lobanov V G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the problems of slags processing from copper-smelting production, both current production and those which had been accumulating over many years of enterprises’ activity in heaps (stale). There are data about possible methods of slag processing. It is proposed a technology for the joint processing of stale copper-smelting slags of the Urals and pyrite cinders (waste from the production of sulfuric acid) - smelting with obtain a poor matte, into which copper and precious metals will be transferred. The results of scientific research on matte melting are presented. It is shown that when the ratio in the furnace charge "stale slag: pyrite cinder" at the level of 2.5, the extraction of non-ferrous metals into the matte is at the level of 90%.