bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrrolyl‐Appended Zinc Porphodimethenes: Branched Oligopyrrole Products From the Templated One‐Pot Isoporphyrin Synthesis
Authors: Baş Çağla , Doettinger Florian , Klein Niels , Tschierlei Stefanie , Bröring Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of zinc isoporphyrins from pyrrole, an aryl aldehyde and zinc acetate was investigated with regard to the formation of by‐products. The optical spectra of the product mixtures differ strongly from each other depending on the aldehyde used and the water content in the solvent mixture of the condensation step. The compounds belonging to the two most prominent bands at approx. 500 nm and at approx. 640 nm could be isolated and structurally characterised. These are the homoleptic complexes (dipy)2Zn with a dipyrrolic ligand, and unexpected zinc‐tripyrrin species (trpy)ZnCl, respectively. The tripyrrin species further react under the conditions of chromatography to green intermediates and yellow end products, whose mass spectroscopic investigations indicate dimers and loss of one ZnCl2 equivalent. The final products could be crystallographically identified as zinc‐porphodimethene complexes and analysed with respect to the stereochemical situation and optical behaviour. In one case, the green intermediate form could be enriched. The investigations indicate a helical pentapyrrolic zinc complex with a non‐coordinated pyrrolyl side arm and give clues to the stereochemical course of the stepwise dimerisation.
Synthesis and Exploration of Abscisic Acid Receptor Agonists Against Dought Stress by Adding Constraint to a Tetrahydroquinoline‐Based Lead Structure
Authors: Bojack Guido , Baltz Rachel , Dittgen Jan , Fischer Christian , Freigang Jörg , Getachew Rahel , Grill Erwin , Helmke Hendrik , Hohmann Sabine , Lange Gudrun , Lehr Stefan , Porée Fabien , Schmidt Jana , Schmutzler Dirk , Yang Zhenyu , Frackenpohl Jens 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew oxotetrahydroquinolinyl‐ and oxindolinyl sulfonamides interacting with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins were identified as lead structures against drought stress in crops starting from protein docking studies of a sulfonamide lead structure, followed by in‐depth SAR studies. Optimized five to six step synthetic approaches via substituted amino oxo‐tetrahydro‐quinolines and amino oxo‐indolines as essential intermediates gave access to the envisaged oxo‐tetrahydroquinolinyl and oxindolinyl sulfonamides. Whilst oxo‐tetrahydroquinolinyl sulfonamides with additional carbon substituents or spiro‐cycloalkyl groups exhibited only low to moderate target affinities, the corresponding spiro‐oxindolinyl and oxo‐tetrahydroquinolinyl sulfonamides carrying optimized N‐substituents revealed strong interactions with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Remarkably, the in vitro activity observed for these new compounds was on the same level as observed for the naturally occurring plant hormone in line with strong efficacy against drought stress in‐vivo (canola and wheat as broad‐acre crops).
Economic long‐term effects of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment in paediatric patients with severe chronic pain: Analysis of claims data
Authors: Lopez Lumbi Susanne , Ruhe Ann‐Kristin , Pfenning Ingo , Wager Julia , Zernikow Boris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveChronic pain in children and adolescents gives rise to high healthcare costs. Successful treatment is supposed to reduce the economic burden. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in healthcare utilization and expenditures from 1 year before (Pre) intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) to the first (Post 1) and second (Post 2) years after discharge in a sample of paediatric chronic pain patients.MethodsClaims data from one statutory health insurance company were analysed for 119 children and adolescents (mean age = 15.3, 68.9% female) who sought IIPT at the German Paediatric Pain Centre. Costs incurred for inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, medication, remedies and aids were compared before treatment and 2 years after discharge. Healthcare utilization was compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and expenditures using trimmed means and the Yuen's t‐test.ResultsOverall costs were significantly lower in the 2 years after IIPT compared to before IIPT (Pre: 3,543€, Post 1:2,681€, Post 2:1937€ (trimmed means)). Healthcare utilization changed significantly; hospitalizations decreased in the years after discharge, while psychotherapies stayed stable in the year after discharge but lessened in the second year.ConclusionThe results of this study support prior findings on the high economic burden of paediatric chronic pain. IIPT may contribute to a transition in healthcare utilization from somatic‐focused treatments to more psychological treatments. Overall costs were reduced as soon as the first year after discharge and decreased even further in the second year.SignificanceThis study analyses original claims data from paediatric chronic pain patients in the year before and up to 2 years after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment in a specialized paediatric pain centre. The analysis of long‐term data reveals a continuous cost reduction after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment and a change in the subsequent outpatient treatment.
Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanorod Decorated Biosensor for Detection of microRNA‐126
Authors: Topkaya Seda Nur , Turunc Ezgi , Cetin Arif E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we introduced a novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of microRNA‐126. The biosensor utilizes a hybridization assay combined with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanorod‐decorated screen‐printed carbon electrodes. For electrode preparation, gold nanorods were first immobilized onto the surface of bare and multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐modified screen‐printed carbon electrodes, and the thiol tagged‐capture probe was immobilized on the electrode surface through gold and thiol group interaction. After the immobilization, thiol tagged‐capture probe hybridized with the target sequence. Under optimum conditions, we determined limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as high as 11 nM and 36 nM, respectively.
Identification of aroma compounds in raw and cooked broccoli
Authors: Wieczorek Martyna N. , Majcher Małgorzata A. , Jeleń Henryk H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBroccoli is characterized by its specific flavor, which is the reason it is not tolerated by some consumers. The role of aroma in flavor is crucial; however, the characteristics of aroma‐active components in broccoli are still unclear. Solvent‐assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) with the aid of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and fractionation using solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by different chromatography‐mass spectrometry approaches (GC‐MS, GC‐MS/MS, GC×GC‐ToFMS) were used to identify the compounds of interest. A total of 33 aroma‐active compounds were detected with the use of gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) in raw, and 9 in cooked broccoli florets; in majority sulfur compounds—thiols, sulfides, and isothiocyanates prevailed. Methanethiol and 1‐pentanethiol were the key odorants characterized by the highest FD (1024) in raw broccoli, followed by dimethyl sulfide, 2,3‐butanedione, dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl tetrasulfide, 2‐methyl methanethiosulphonate, 4‐methylpentyl isothiocyanate, hexyl isothiocyanate (all with an FD of 256). In cooked broccoli, the number and especially the intensity of detected compounds were much lower. The highest FD values (FD=4) were noted for dimethyl trisulfide and 1,4‐octadien‐3‐one. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed identification of odorants in raw and cooked broccoli.
Identification of Common Driver Gene Modules and Associations between Cancers through Integrated Network Analysis
Authors: Gao Bo , Zhao Yue , Gao Yonghang , Li Guojun , Wu Ling‐Yun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput biological data has created an unprecedented opportunity for illuminating the mechanisms of tumor emergence and evolution. An important and challenging problem in deciphering cancers is to investigate the commonalities of driver genes and pathways and the associations between cancers. Aiming at this problem, a tool ComCovEx is developed to identify common cancer driver gene modules between two cancers by searching for the candidates in local signaling networks using an exclusivity‐coverage iteration strategy and outputting those with significant coverage and exclusivity for both cancers. The associations of the cancer pairs are further evaluated by Fisher's exact test. Being applied to 11 TCGA cancer datasets, ComCovEx identifies 13 significantly associated cancer pairs with plenty of biologically significant common gene modules. The novel results of cancer relationship and common gene modules reveal the relevant pathological basis of different cancer types and provide new clues to diagnosis and drug treatment in associated cancers.
Catchments of German surface water bodies
Authors: Gericke Andreas , Mahnkopf Judith , Venohr Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe European Water Framework Directive demands to assess and report the chemical and ecological status of water bodies (WB). Linking their status to drivers and pressures and deriving suitable mitigation measures require knowledge of the shape and area of WB catchments. We derived a network of 26 570 WB catchments in Germany using the hydrologically‐defined drainage basins of the German federal states. We established a network of 338 149 drainage basins. This network underwent plausibility checks and a validation with the catchment areas of 348 monitoring stations across Germany. To this network, we assigned the longest intersecting or the next downstream WB code. To account for geometric inaccuracies we revised spurious intersections resulting in splittings and cycles in the WB network. As WB may be ecologically but not hydrologically well defined, we split them at confluences and intersections. The network of drainage basins matched the monitoring stations with a Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency of 1.00. The final WB network contained 11 005 out of the 11 586 original WBs longer than 1 m. The corresponding local catchment areas range from <<0.0001 to 446 km2, with a median of 10 km2. The dataset combines the requirements of hydrological and ecological modelling applications at basin or national scales with the needs of the EU reporting which can foster their acceptance by state authorities and river‐basin management.
MakingFahrenheit 451“Come to Life”: Sound Inquiries with Youth and Teachers
Authors: Friesen Doug , Simon Rob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we describe how eighth‐grade students and teacher candidates used sound and listening to remix and attune themselves (Stewart, 2011) to the dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury (2011). We situate our sound inquiries in relation to critical literacy (Vasquez, Janks, & Comber, 2019; Wargo, 2019) and sound education (Schafer 1992, 2005; Oliveros, 2005). The examples we share suggest how students and teacher candidates used sound to, in the words of a participating teacher candidate, make Fahrenheit 451 “come to life.” This work demonstrates how sound inquiry can encourage students’ transformative engagement with their surroundings, with each other, and with canonical texts like Fahrenheit 451 in critical literacy classrooms.
Isoniazid Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Recommendation for Korean Patients With Tuberculosis Based on Target Attainment Analysis
Authors: Cho Yong‐Soon , Jang Tae Won , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Oh Jee Youn , Lee Hyun‐Kyung , Park Hye Kyeong , Ghim Jong‐Lyul , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Park Yumi , Choi Young‐Kyung , Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu , Shin Jae‐Gook ,   Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe wide variability of isoniazid (INH) pharmacokinetics is mainly attributed to the trimodal N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator phenotype, that is, rapid, intermediate, and slow. Consequently, a uniform INH dose in current clinical practice may lead to treatment failure and emergence of drug resistance. There is a lack of studies on specific doses of INH for different NAT2 acetylator phenotypes among tuberculosis (TB) patients. Therefore, we aimed to provide insight into the optimal dosing of INH for each NAT2 acetylator phenotype with respect to the probability of achieving a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic target. PK, the NAT2 genotype, and clinical data were collected in a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted at 13 clinical centers in Korea. Population PK modeling and simulation were carried out. Data from 454 TB patients were divided into a training data set and a test data set at a ratio of 4 to 1. The PK of the training data were best described by a 2‐compartment model with allometric scaling for body size effect. Importantly, NAT2 acetylator phenotypes significantly affected the apparent clearance. Our model, which provided better predictive performance compared with previously published models, was evaluated by external validation using the test set. The simulation for assessing target efficacy and toxicity indicated that the best INH dosing regimens for Korean tuberculosis patients were once‐daily doses of 400, 300, and 200 mg for rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylators, respectively. In conclusion, our study provides a step forward in precision dosing for antituberculosis management.
Sparse time‐frequency analysis for aircraft target classification with low sampling rate and short observation time
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Yang Shuhui , Yin Hongcheng , Huo Chaoying , Man Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe traditional time‐frequency analysis (TFA) techniques are instruments for target classification, which can reflect the feature of the target in the time‐frequency domain. However, it will lead to a serious decrease in the recognition accuracy as the decline of the sampling rate. To ease this problem, in this article, the sparse time‐frequency feature analysis (STFFA) is implemented for aircraft classification, and the genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the sparse problem quickly for saving time. Firstly, the sparse time‐frequency decomposition and recovery signal are obtained by matching pursuit. Then, three novel kinds of aircraft features are extracted from the sparse time‐frequency decomposition, which are sparse recovery time‐frequency entropy (SRTFE), frequency entropy by time, and first‐order sparse time‐frequency moment. Thus, the feature combination modes based on the three features are applied to realize the classification of aircraft and compared with the traditional TFA techniques. Besides, a support vector machine is also used to classify the three kinds of aircraft. The accuracy and efficiency of the STFFA method have been investigated by employing the parametric model data and electromagnetic scattering model simulated trials. Furthermore, in contrast to the traditional TFA instrument, our method can reach a recognition accuracy of more than 90% from the numerical experiment results, which demonstrates that the feature extraction by sparse time‐frequency analysis improves the accuracy of aircraft classification under a low sampling rate.
Cost‐effectiveness of insertable cardiac monitors for diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke in Australia
Authors: Thijs Vincent , Witte Klaus K. , Guarnieri Carmel , Makino Koji , Tilden Dominic , Gillespie John , Huynh Marianne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionDetection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is required to initiate oral anticoagulation (OAC) after cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, paroxysmal AF can be difficult to diagnose with short term cardiac monitoring. Taking an Australian payer perspective, we evaluated whether long‐term continuous monitoring for 3 years with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is cost‐effective for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with CS.MethodsA lifetime Markov model was developed to simulate the follow‐up of patients, comparing long‐term continuous monitoring with an ICM to monitoring by conventional care. We used a linked evidence approach to estimate the rates of recurrent stroke when AF detection leads to initiation of OAC, as detected using ICM during the lifetime of the device or as detected using usual care. All diagnostic and patient management costs were modeled. Other model inputs were determined by literature review. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was undertaken to explore the effect of parameter uncertainty according to CHADS2 score and OAC treatment effect.ResultsIn the base‐case analysis, the model predicted an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of A$29 570 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Among CHADS2 subgroups analyses, the ICER ranged from A$26 342/QALY (CHADS2 = 6) to A$42 967/QALY (CHADS2 = 2). PSA suggested that the probabilities of ICM strategy being cost‐effective were 53.4% and 78.7%, at thresholds of $30 000 (highly cost‐effective) and $50 000 per QALY (cost‐effective), respectively.ConclusionsLong‐term continuous monitoring with an ICM is a cost‐effective intervention to prevent recurrent stroke in patients following CS in the Australian context.
What matters most for Indian Generation Y employees? An empirical study based on work‐values
Authors: Naim Mohammad Faraz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe workplace is undergoing a major generational change as the baby boomer generation retires and younger generations replace them. Each generation brings with it a set of work values; the work values of Generation Y have been a focus of particular interest as this generation will soon form a significant proportion of the workforce. Even though Generation Y constitutes a large part of the Indian workforce, very little research has been done on this group. Using a sample of 1220 employees working in the Indian service industry, this study sets out to find the extent to which the work values of Generation Y in India are congruent with those of their global counterparts. The findings suggest that Indian employees value extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of work, and place less importance on social and prestige values; their work values are similar to those from Generation Y in the US and Slovenia, but differ significantly from those in Malaysia, Brazil, and Germany. The study provides valuable insights for international organizations where employees from various countries and cultural backgrounds work together, particularly when these involve Indian employees.
Microvesicles, blood cells, and endothelial cells mediate phosphatidylserine‐related prothrombotic state in patients with periodontitis
Authors: Zuo Nan , Liu Wenhui , Hu Tenglong , Liu Yingmiao , Li Baorong , Liu Huan , Jing Haijiao , Chen Xiaojing , Li Yueyue , Du Jingwen , Hu Tianshui , Dong Zengxiang , Niu Yumei , Shi Jialan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhosphatidylserine (PS) is essential for inflammation‐associated thrombogenesis, but the exact effect of PS on the prothrombotic state in periodontitis is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the PS‐related procoagulant state in patients with periodontitis.MethodsA total of 138 patients with periodontitis were examined compared with 42 healthy controls. PS‐exposing cells and microvesicles in blood samples were detected by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The clotting time assay and prothrombinase complex formation assay were used to measure the procoagulant activity of microvesicles, blood cells and endothelial cells. Periodontal clinical parameters and laboratory characteristics of patients with severe periodontitis were recorded and analyzed at baseline and 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal therapy.ResultsTotal PS‐positive (PS+) microvesicles and the percentage of PS+ blood cells increased in patients with severe periodontitis compared with patients with moderate/mild periodontitis or healthy controls. Endothelial cells cultured in serum from patients with severe periodontitis expressed more PS compared with those cultured in serum from healthy controls. Specifically, PS exposure on blood cells and endothelial cells significantly decreased after inhibiting the effect of inflammatory cytokines. The elevated levels of PS+ cells and microvesicles in severe periodontitis shortened clotting time and led to increased prothrombinase complex formation. Non‐surgical periodontal therapy significantly attenuated the release of microvesicles and the PS exposure of blood cells in severe periodontitis.ConclusionsThe prothrombotic state of patients with periodontitis is mediated by PS+ cells and microvesicles stimulated by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Comparing the long‐term effects of artificial and natural vegetation restoration strategies: A case‐study of Wuqi and its adjacent counties in northern China
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Daojun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe significant increase in vegetation coverage in northern China over the past two decades has attracted worldwide attention. Revegetation has been completed via artificial and natural restoration techniques, and the relative performance of each needs to be further explored. Although some studies have focused on the comparison between artificial and natural methods in vegetation restoration from a micro‐perspective, there is a lack of evidence at the regional scale. This study considers Wuqi County and its adjacent areas of the Loess Plateau in northern China as our study area. First, natural and artificial restoration areas were identified. Then, the restoration sustainability of different restoration strategies and the adjustment effect of climate factors in the relationship between vegetation restoration strategy choice and vegetation restoration sustainability were analyzed. We found that the vegetation restoration strategies employed varied between local jurisdictions. In areas dominated by artificial restoration, vegetation coverage increased over a short period, but the growth rate diminished in the long term. In comparison, in areas mainly dominated by natural restoration, although the growth rate of revegetation was not very high in the short term, it was stable in the long term. In addition, the impact of vegetation restoration strategies on vegetation restoration sustainability exhibited spatial heterogeneity, and the temperature, humidity, and wind speed further affected strategy outcomes. This study provides a new perspective for vegetation restoration strategy evaluation and is expected to serve as a reference for the optimization of relevant ecological policies in the future.
High sensitivity open‐path gas sensor based on a triangular multi‐pass cell
Authors: Wu Xu , Sang Jian , Zhou Sheng , Li Jingsong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, a gas sensing technique utilizing a compact multi‐pass absorption cell in a triangular configuration was proposed for open‐path trace gases detection. To demonstrate this technique, an open‐path gas sensor system was developed by combing the innovated triangular multi‐pass cell with a near infrared distributed feedback diode laser (at 1.65 μm) for simultaneous detection of atmospheric CH4 and H2O. A Gaussian‐noise‐limited limit of detection of approximate 52 ppb and 445 ppm were achieved for CH4 and H2O, respectively, with 1 Hz sampling rate and at normal atmospheric pressure. Allan variance analysis indicates that a sensitivity of 5.5 ppb (for CH4) and 75 ppm (for H2O) could be obtained at the optimal averaging time of 300 s, which is comparative with the mid‐infrared laser based gas sensors. This technique will be a critical tool for developing low‐cost open‐path trace gas monitoring networks for environmental, industrial, and public security applications.