bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage progression inRC beam‐columnjoints under cyclic loading using acoustic emission technique
Authors: Singh Shamsher , Sharma Shruti , Kwatra Naveen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBeam‐column joint (BCJ) is the most critical element of a RC structure and plays an important role in the sound seismic performance of buildings. A number of joint failures have been reported in the literature and it is important to monitor the BCJ regularly to assess their performance so that the damage is predicted much before it reaches a catastrophic level. This study aims to monitor the initiation and progression of damage in BCJ reinforced with and without ductile reinforcement detailing under cyclic loading using a real‐time passive acoustic emission (AE) technique. Results have been analyzed on the basis of AE parameters such as cumulative AE hits, cumulative energy, rise angle, average frequency, and Ib‐value. The Ib‐value analysis has demonstrated good correlation with the experimental observations and it has been established that macroscopic fracture occurs in a RC BCJ during loading. The AE event map successfully gives pictorial representation of the crack development inside the concrete and crack pattern plotted by the AE event maps gives an idea of presence of cracks near the damage area of BCJ. It is also possible to distinguish between tensile and shear crack developing at the joint by using AE data. A linear relationship has been observed between the AE energy and energy dissipated by BCJ to evaluate damage indices in seismically damaged structures. The AE energy gives better representation of quantum of damage than AE hits.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Benzylic Sulfone Derivatives
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the use of organosulfones as a new class of cross‐coupling partner in transition‐metal catalyzed reactions has undergone significant advancement. In this personal account, our recent investigations into desulfonylative cross‐coupling reactions of benzylic sulfone derivatives catalyzed by Pd, Ni, and Cu catalysis is described. Combined with the facile α‐functionalizations of sulfones, our methods can be used to form valuable multiply‐arylated structures such as di‐, tri‐, and, tetraarylmethanes from readily available substrates. The reactivity of sulfones can be increased by introducing electron‐withdrawing substituents such as 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, which enable more challenging cross‐coupling reactions. Reactive intermediates including Cu‐carbene complexes were identified as key intermediates in sulfone activation, representing new types of C−SO2bond activation processes. These results indicate sulfones are powerful functional groups, enabling new catalytic desulfonylative transformations.
Investigating support by minimal detectable displacement in confidence region determination and significance test of displacements
Authors: Prószyński Witold , Łapiński Sławomir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Minimal Detectable Displacement (MDD) is an important measure of monitoring networks sensitivity to displacements. In addition to the accuracy criteria, it is used as a detectability criterion in the optimal design of such networks. The paper examines whether the MDD provides grounds for verifying the correctness of the confidence, and the significance thresholds applied in the analyses of the determined displacements. According to our knowledge, the task so formulated has not yet been the subject of research presented in the literature in the field of geodetic determination of displacements. Hence, the approach presented here can be regarded as a new proposal extending the application area of the MDD. The investigations are focused on a probabilistic aspect of combining confidence and detectability as well as significance and detectability by the superimposition of the corresponding ellipsoids and their joint analysis. An initial research result is the diagrams showing a significance index and a non-centrality parameter as functions of the rank of the covariance matrix for displacements and also of system redundancy for specified values of Type I and Type II error probabilities. The diagrams, together with the theoretical basis created within the research, made it possible to analyse and evaluate the support by Minimal Detectable Displacement in confidence region determination and significance test of displacements. Based on the analysis of MDD support, two options of modifying the confidence and significance thresholds related to single point displacements are proposed for practical use.
CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRct) for functional coronary artery evaluation in the follow-up of patients after heart transplantation
Authors: Budde Ricardo P. J. , Nous Fay M. A. , Roest Stefan , Constantinescu Alina A. , Nieman Koen , Brugts Jasper J. , Koweek Lynne M. , Hirsch Alexander , Leipsic Jonathon , Manintveld Olivier C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Invasively measured fractional flow reserve (FFR) is associated with outcome in heart transplant (HTx) patients. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)–derived FFR (FFRct) provides additional functional information from anatomical CT images. We describe the first use of FFRct in HTx patients.

Methods
HTx patients underwent CCTA with FFRct to screen for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. FFRct was measured distal to each coronary stenosis > 30% and FFRct ≤ 0.8 indicated hemodynamically significant stenosis. FFRct was also measured at the most distal location of each vessel. Overall distal FFRct was calculated as the mean of the distal values in the left, right, and circumflex coronary artery in each patient.

Results
Seventy-three patients (age 56 (42–65) years, 63% males) at 11 (8–16) years after HTx were included. Eighteen (25%) patients had a focal hemodynamically significant stenosis (stenosis > 30% with FFRct ≤ 0.8). In the 55 patients without a hemodynamically significant focal FFRct stenosis (FFRct > 0.80), the distal left anterior descending artery FFRct was < 0.90 in 74% of the patients and 10 (18%) patients had ≥ 1 coronary artery with a distal FFRct ≤ 0.8, including 1 with a distal FFRct ≤ 0.8 in all coronaries. Overall distal FFRct in patients without focal stenosis was 0.88 (0.86–0.91), 0.87 (0.86–0.90), and 0.88 (0.86–0.91) (median with 25th–75th percentile) at 5–9, 10–14, or ≥ 15 years post-transplantation, respectively (p = 0.93).

Conclusions
FFRct performed on CCTA scans of HTx patients demonstrated that 25% of patients had a focal coronary stenosis with FFRct ≤ 0.8. Even without a focal stenosis, FFRct values are often abnormal in HTx patients.

Key Points
• This is the first report describing the use of FFRct in in heart transplant patients.
• FFRct identifies patients after heart transplantation with hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis.
• Even without a focal stenosis, FFRct values are often abnormal in heart transplant patients.
Clinical importance of preoperative red-cell volume distribution width as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing radical surgery for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dang Chao , Wang Min , Qin Tingting , Qin Renyi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
A new noninvasive biomarker is being sought to predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Red-cell volume distribution width (RDW), a descriptive parameter for erythrocyte variation, has been shown to have prognostic value for some tumor types. Our purpose was to assess the RDW value to predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods
The subjects of this retrospective study were 792 patients who underwent radical surgery for pancreatic cancer, divided into high-RDW and low-RDW groups based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (15.6%). The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score was used to assess preoperative nutritional status. Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the differences between the high and low RDW groups, and to explore the possibility of the RDW being used as prognostic predictor for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Results
The immune-nutritional status was worse in the high-RDW group than in the low-RDW group. The high-RDW group patients also had a poorer prognosis. Risk factor analysis showed that the RDW could be an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions
The RDW is associated with immune-nutritional status in pancreatic cancer patients and can be used as an independent prognostic factor for their postoperative survival.
Deep nitriding—contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth
Authors: Sitzmann André , Hoja Stefanie , Schurer Stefan , Tobie Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe load carrying capacity of gears can be significantly increased by nitriding. However, the required nitriding hardening depth depends on the stress level and the gear size. In order to achive a high fatigue resistance and durability of nitrided gears an adequate nitriding hardening depth is necessary. In industrial practice, a nitriding hardening depth (NHD) of about 0.6 mm is currently regarded as the upper limit that can be reached within a reasonable time and cost. This also limits of the load carrying capacity of nitrided gears, in particular with increasing gear sizes. Therefore, case hardening is the main treatment used with increasing gear sizes, although nitriding provides some advantages over case hardening. However, with an increased nitriding hardening depth, a significant increase in the load carrying capacity of nitrided gears for medium and larger gear sizes could be expected, which will be discussed in this publication. In order to evaluate the expected potential of the load carrying capacity of nitrided gears with an increased nitriding hardening depth of NHD ≈ 0.8 to 1.0 mm (deep nitriding heat treatment) made out of the materials 31CrMoV9 (1.8519), 30CrNiMo8 (1.6580) and 32CDV13 (alloy for aerospace applications according to AIR 9160), experimental investigations were carried out, which will be discussed in this publication. Both, the tooth root bending strength and the flank load carrying capacity were investigated.
Wear simulation of worm gears based on an energetic approach
Authors: Daubach K. , Oehler M. , Sauer B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWear phenomena in worm gears are dependent on the size of the gears. Whereas larger gears are mainly affected by fatigue wear, abrasive wear is predominant in smaller gears. In this context a simulation model for abrasive wear of worm gears was developed, which is based on an energetic wear equation. This approach associates wear with solid friction energy occurring in the tooth contact. The physically-based wear simulation model includes a tooth contact analysis and tribological calculation to determine the local solid tooth friction and wear. The calculation is iterated with the modified tooth flank geometry of the worn worm wheel, in order to consider the influence of wear on the tooth contact. Experimental results on worm gears are used to determine the wear model parameter and to validate the model. A simulative study for a wide range of worm gear geometries was conducted to investigate the influence of geometry and operating conditions on abrasive wear.
Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s
Authors: Vorgerd J. , Tenberge P. , Joop M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing demands on the power density of gearboxes require a precisive gear design regarding common failure mechanism. Particularly in turbo gearboxes with low-viscosity lubricants, the damage mechanism scuffing is relevant. In this paper an innovative test rig for the experimental investigation of scuffing at pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s is presented. The scuffing load capacity depending on the pitch line velocity of two gear design variants running at constant temperatures and lubricant conditions was investigated. Furthermore, the morphology of scuffing was investigated with regard to the damage location and the surface condition. Based on the experimental results, a simulation approach with an accuracy superior to the existing standards for calculating the scuffing load capacity of highspeed gears has been derived.
Crystalline phase analysis and phosphorus availability after thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium and potassium sulfates for fertilizer production
Authors: Herzel Hannes , Aydin Zeynep , Adam Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhosphorus rich sewage sludge ash is a promising source to produce phosphorus recycling fertilizer. However, the low plant availability of phosphorus in these ashes makes a treatment necessary. A thermochemical treatment (800–1000 °C) with alkali additives transforms poorly plant available phosphorus phases to highly plant available calcium alkali phosphates (Ca,Mg)(Na,K)PO4. In this study, we investigate the use of K2SO4as additive to produce a phosphorus potassium fertilizer in laboratory-scale experiments (crucible). Pure K2SO4is not suitable as high reaction temperatures are required due to the high melting point of K2SO4. To overcome this barrier, we carried out series of experiments with mixtures of K2SO4and Na2SO4resulting in a lower economically feasible reaction temperature (900–1000 °C). In this way, the produced phosphorus potassium fertilizers (8.4 wt.% K, 7.6 wt.% P) was highly plant available for phosphorus indicated by complete extractable phosphorus in neutral ammonium citrate solution. The added potassium is, in contrast to sodium, preferably incorporated into silicates instead of phosphorus phases. Thus, the highly extractable phase (Ca,Mg)(Na,K)PO4in the thermochemical products contain less potassium than expected. This preferred incorporation is confirmed by a pilot-scale trial (rotary kiln) and thermodynamic calculation.
Designing accessible visual programming tools for children with autism spectrum condition
Authors: Zubair Misbahu S. , Brown David J. , Hughes-Roberts Thomas , Bates Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVisual programming tools allow users to create interactive media projects such as games and animations using visual representations of programming concepts. Although these tools have been shown to have huge potential for teaching children, research has shown that they may not be accessible for children with cognitive impairments, including those with autism spectrum condition. Therefore, this study proposes a set of recommendations for the design of accessible visual programming tools for children with autism spectrum condition. Semi-structured interviews with experts ($$n=7$$

n
=
7

) were conducted and thematically analysed to identify initial recommendations. A second set of semi-structured interviews with a subset of the initial experts ($$n=3$$

n
=
3

) were then conducted to validate and produce a final set of recommendations.
The pre-reflective roots of the madeleine-memory: a phenomenological perspective
Authors: Righetti Francesca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the madeleine-memory (so-called from Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time) as a case of pre-reflective experience, from the genesis of its sedimentation into the body. Indeed, I aim to address the question of the literary protagonist Marcel on the roots of his happiness and the genesis of his memories. Until now, the madeleine-memory has been described as bodily and involuntary. In phenomenology, a wide literature has confirmed the relationship between the sense of body ownership and pre-reflective self-awareness. I aim to build upon such a mutual link and show that the pre-reflective roots of the madeleine-memory have to be traced back to the genesis of the involuntary recollections. To this purpose, I will illustrate that the epistemological relationship between the object and the subject plays a relevant role in the way the subject remembers. First, I will present that madeleine-memory is a unique case of bodily memory, by analyzing the main features that characterize it. Secondly, I will analyze the original experience of the madeleine within the phenomenological logic of transcendence in immanence. For this aim, I will rely on the Husserlian notions of “epistemological inadequacy of perception” and “background experiences”. Through these notions, I will show that Proustian involuntary recollections are pre-reflective experiences because previously subjects have pre-reflectively experienced the content of recollections.
Lessons Learned from Longer Acting Reversible Contraception Applied to Longer Acting HIV Prevention Technologies
Authors: Logan Rachel , Seidman Dominika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review describes lessons learned from longer acting contraception and employs a reproductive justice lens to inform expansion of emerging HIV prevention technologies.

Recent Findings
Reproductive justice is a framework that advocates for the promotion of universal sexual and reproductive freedoms, particularly among historically marginalized communities. This framework takes a holistic view of individuals and sees the interconnections between sexual health, reproductive health, and overall health. Employing a sexual and reproductive justice perspective is essential to understanding and helping to mitigate the role intersecting structural, sexual, and reproductive oppressions, including those demonstrated through promotion of longer acting contraception, and can critically inform rollout of future prevention technologies, such as longer acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Summary
This review highlights the need for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to apply lessons learned from contraception and specifically focuses on principles of reproductive justice to offer expanding HIV prevention options.
An Integrated Account of Rosen’s Relational Biology and Peirce’s Semiosis. Part I: Components and Signs, Final Cause and Interpretation
Authors: Vega Federico 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRobert Rosen’s relational biology and biosemiotics share the claim that life cannot be explained by the laws that apply to the inanimate world alone. In this paper, an integrated account of Rosen’s relational biology and Peirce’s semiosis is proposed. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the construction of a unified framework for the definition and study of life. The relational concepts of component and mapping, and the semiotic concepts of sign and triadic relation are discussed and compared, and a representation of semiotic relations with mappings is proposed. The role of the final cause in two theories that account for what differentiates living beings, natural selection and relational biology, is analyzed. Then the presence of the final cause in Peirce’s semiosis is discussed and, with it, the similarities and differences between the theories of Rosen and Peirce are deepened. Then, a definition of a semiotic relation in an organism is proposed, and Short’s definition of interpretation is applied. Finally, a method to identify and analyze semiotic actions in an organism is proposed.
Symptomatology and Serum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics; Do They Predict Endometriosis in Fertile Women Undergoing Laparoscopic Sterilisation? A Prospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tempest Nicola , Hill C. J. , Whelan A. , De Silva A. , Drakeley A. J. , Phelan M. M. , Hapangama D. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndometriosis is a common, chronic inflammatory condition, thought to have a higher incidence in symptomatic women, yet, commonly associated symptoms do not always correlate with the presence or severity of disease and diagnosis requires surgery. We prospectively collected data and assessed symptomology and NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics of 102 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilisation at a tertiary referral centre in a cross-sectional study. Twelve women were incidentally diagnosed with endometriosis (11.7%). According to the pre-operative questionnaire, presence and absence of many symptoms usually attributed to endometriosis were declared at similar frequencies in women with or without endometriosis. Women with endometriosis reported apparently more persistent heavy periods (50% vs 18.9%), prolonged periods (25% versus 7.8%) and problems conceiving (27.3% versus 9%) than those without endometriosis. NMR could not discern any distinguishable differences in the serum metabolome between those with and without endometriosis. Our paper highlights the complex symptomology experienced by women, regardless of a surgical diagnosis of endometriosis. Previous literature and the current study failed to identify clear, distinguishable symptoms or biomarkers pertinent to surgically confirmed endometriosis in the general population. Therefore, development of effective, non-invasive tests for identifying this heterogenous benign condition, endometriosis, is likely to be challenging.
The Rise of Technocracy and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Courts, Human Rights, and the Protection of Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Lee Tsung-Ling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDriven by the need to address the immediate public health threats of the COVID-19 pandemic, this has seen a rise of the technocratic mode of governance around the world. A technocratic approach is evidence-based and relies upon the guidance of experts to respond to the public health crisis. The rise of technocracy reflects a utilitarian calculus that seeks to preserve the greater good. Taiwan’s pandemic response exemplifies the strengths and weaknesses of this type of governance. Based on an analysis of the relevant case law of the Taiwan Constitutional Court, legislation, and political developments this Article takes a legal-historical look and traces the current technocratic approach—defined for this Article as an experts-driven and procedural-driven process—which is a hallmark of Taiwan’s pandemic response. Examining Taiwan’s pandemic response through a human rights lens sheds light on a more complex relationship between the collective right to health and life, and the individual rights to health, work, privacy, and liberty during the pandemic.
How the European Central Bank and Other Independent Agencies Reveal a Gap in Constitutionalism: A Spectrum of Institutions for Commitment
Authors: Tucker Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractToday’s central banks wield extraordinary powers, both monetary and regulatory, and with a capacity to substitute for elected governments tempted to pass the buck. Debates about central banking’s powers and legitimacy barely touch, however, on whether and how monetary independence fits with the values that drive constitutionalism. It turns out that, for modern economies using fiat money, independence is a corollary of the higher level separation of (fiscal) powers between the legislative and executive branches. Even though independence is necessary, it needs to be carefully constrained by a “money-credit constitution.” Those general arguments, applicable in liberal democracies, do not carry across cleanly to the euro area. A principled case can be made for the ECB’s mandate being specially tight, but that is in tension with its de facto role as the emergency economic actor for the euro area. Facing up to that will be necessary sooner or later.