bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method of estimating longwave radiation Over the Indian seas based on surface synoptic observations
Authors: Mohanty U.C. , Mohan Kumar N. 
Published: December 2021

An attempt has been made to estimate longwave radiative flux from sea surface using semi empirical models with the help of routinely observed meteorological parameters during the monsoon season. The estimated values are then compared with observed values to find out an appropriate method to compute a longwave flux.
The study shows that clouds play an important role in determining the longwave flux. It IS found that lack of detailed knowledge of clouds obtained from ground based observations is responsible for the errors in the estimation of longwave flux. The errors are reduced using a regression method based on Monsoon-77 data set. The method was then tested with Monex-79 data set which served as independent data set. The method thus developed considerably reduces the errors associated with the estimation of long wave flux.
Decadal variations of Hadley and Walker circulations in the tropics
Authors: GOSWAMI B. N. , THOMAS MANU ANNA 
Published: December 2021

Preliminary estimate of divergent Hadley and Walker circulation associated with inter-decadal variations in the tropics is made with 50-year reanalysis data and compared with their inter-annual counterparts. Interdecadal and inter-annual components are separated using harmonic analysis and meridional and zonal mass flux stream functions are used to calculate the strength of Hadley and Walker circulations. The magnitude of inter-decadal Hadley and Walker circulation anomalies are shown to be comparable to those associated with dominant inter-annual variations. How superposition of inter-decadal and inter-annual divergent circulations may influence regional climate is discussed.
Trends and fluctuations of the cyclonic systems over North Indian Ocean
Authors: RAO D. V. BHASKAR , NAIDU C. V. , RAO B. R. SRINIVASA 
Published: December 2021

The data of the monthly cyclone frequencies over North Indian Ocean for the period 1877-1998 has been analysed to study the long-term trends and fluctuations. Analysis has been made separately for depressions and cyclones for the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons along with the annual frequencies. The data was subjected to 11-year moving averages and the epochs of increasing and decreasing trends have been identified. A consistent decreasing trend after 1950s is a notable feature.

The time series of the monthly cyclone frequency were passed through a high-pass filter to eliminate periods greater than 21 years and then subjected to spectrum analysis using Maximum Entropy Method to obtain dominant periodicities. Three significant periodicities at 2.2-2.8; 3.5-6.5 and 10-15 years have been identified which could be attributed to QBO, ENSO and decadal frequencies.
Potential for long-range regional precipitation prediction over India
Authors: SONTAKKE NEELIMA A. , SHEA DENNIS J. , MADDEN ROLAND A. , KATZ RICHARD W. 
Published: December 2021

The potential for long-range precipitation prediction over the Indian monsoon region is generally good where climate noise (i.e., variability due to daily weather fluctuations) is small as compared to the climate signal (i.e., variability due to year to year fluctuations in monthly/seasonal means) being in the tropical belt. In order to understand the potential on smaller spatial scales, the ratios of inter-annual variability to that associated with climate noise have been computed for precipitation of four seasons as well as SW monsoon sub-seasons/months over 1656 stations in the Indian subcontinent.

Precipitation in SW monsoon has been found potentially predictable on seasonal as well as intra-seasonal scale. The west coast and contiguous northwest India, part of the 'northeast India are more predictable. Potential for long-range prediction over northwest India is highest during the active monsoon period from July to September. Over eastern peninsula potential for prediction is generally found low whereas over north-central India it is always moderate. Over northern latitudes precipitation due to western disturbances during January to May is potentially predictable. Precipitation over southeast India and Sri Lanka during October to February due to northeast (NE) monsoon shows good potential for long-range prediction. It is manifested that long-range precipitation forecasting schemes for SW monsoon season, sub-seasons and months and for the other seasons over India on point to regional scale have good scope by taking into account the potential predictability at the individual stations as well as at contiguous resemblance areas over the country.
Past monsoons : A review of proxy data and modelling
Authors: Jagadheesha D. , Ramesh R. 
Published: December 2021

Recent modelling studies have given insight into the role of internal feedback processes among components of the climate system on the evolution of monsoon strength since the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years ago). Here we present an overview of these modelling studies related to the summer monsoon over India and northern Africa. These studies indicate that the seasonal insolation changes alone do not explain the observed extent of hydrological changes during the early and middle Holocene over northern Africa. To simulate the extent of observed changes during this period incorporation of vegetation as an active component in climate models appears to be necessary. Over the Indian region, model results show that precipitation-soil moisture feedbacks play an important role in determining the response of the monsoon to changes in insolation and glacial-age surface boundary conditions. Indian monsoon strength from proxy records during the early and middle. Holocene have also been used in conjunction with coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation model experiments to refute the suggestion that semi-permanent warm surface conditions prevailed over equatorial Pacific ocean from 11 to 5ka.
Climatology of dry and wet spell over Vidarbha region during monsoon months
Authors: SARKAR JAYANTA , SEETHARAM K. , SHAHA S. K. 
Published: December 2021

In this investigation 10-day period-wise simple probability, 10-day period-wise probability of consecutive dry and wet spells of different lengths, and month-wise different parameters, and properties of Markov Chain Model over Vidarbha region during south-west monsoon months have been studied.

For this purpose, daily rainfall data (1 June – 30 September) of 11 stations covering all the districts of Vidarbha for the period 1960-90 have been utilized.

The study reveals that over Vidarbha during monsoon season (June - September) probability of a day being wet and probability of consecutive wet spell of different lengths are by and large high during the last and first 10-day periods of July and August respectively when the monsoon is at its peak. During the first two 10-day periods in June and last two 10-day periods in September, the probabilities of a dry day and that of consecutive dry spell of different lengths and quite high. During July and August a maximum of 12-14 wet days are expected and wet spell, on an average, lasts for 2 days. Stationary probability of the occurrence of wet day (pi2) is found to be maximum during July making it the most humid month in the monsoon season.
Debottlenecking of the Integrated Biomass Network with Sustainability Index in Malaysia
Authors: Yeoh Tze Tin  , Tan Tiong Kean  , Chong Kok Hui  , Ganga Devi A/P Ponniah  , Lam Hon Loong  
Published: December 2021

The world has grown large interest towards the biomass industry but there are many challenges that forbid the commercialization of biomass conversion technologies. The underutilized biomass in Malaysia proves that optimisation of individual processes is no longer suficient to introduce advancement or breakthrough in the biomass industry. This research paper aims to irstly identify several bottlenecks or challenges that have been hampering the development of the biomass utilization at any stage of the biomass network, and secondly to debottleneck using sustainability index and P-graph. The integration of sustainability index into the biomass network for debottlenecking is a novel approach in this research paper. This research will help in the development of the nation’s biomass utilization and industry by using debottlenecking approaches to expand the biomass industry and unlock the potential of underutilized biomass.
Formation of grain sorghum grain yield by different systems of shoots depending on crop fertilizer
Authors: Hryshchenko R.E. , Lyubchych O.G. , Glieva O.V. 
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the main results of research conducted in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical soils of the zone – dark gray podzolic coarse-grained light loam to study the productivity of sorghum grain variety Armida. The efficiency of seed treatment with biological preparation, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization and nitrogen fertilization during the growing season on crop productivity was established. The combination of these components provides an increase in crop yields. The fertilizer system, which provided for the introduction of N60P60K60, turned out to be optimal for sorghum cultivation. Crop productivity with this technology was 8,49 t/ha, and for sowing seeds treated with biological preparation – increased by 32%.The productivity of the crop increased by 30,6% and with complex application – seed treatment, application of N60P60K60 in the main and application of microfertilizer in foliar fertilization, compared to the option without seed treatment (7,74 t/ha).The percentage of grain of the main shoot, panicle and tillering shoots in the biological yield of the crop is determined. It is determined that the main panicle always has a higher percentage (62,8–70,4) in the formation of crop productivity. The growth of the role of the main shoot in the formation of the overall biological yield depends on the smaller number of side shoots.
A sign of plant height and resistance to lodging of soft wheat varieties of the different variety rotation
Authors: Zaika Ye.V. 
Published: December 2021

Plant height is an important component of the model of many wheat varieties. Studies aimed at identifying the relationship between important economic characteristics of wheat and heights are relevant given the long process of wheat domestication. The article highlights the results of a research of plant height and lodging resistance of 28 winter wheat varieties created in the period from 1971 to 2017. Studies have shown that varieties vary in height and lodging resistance over the years. In terms of height relative to the variety-standard Perlyna Lisostepu, the highest yield were of the varieties Zhuravka (112 cm), Miryutinka (113 cm), Kievskaya-73 (102 cm), Pamiati Girka (103 cm). The lowest varieties were Gnome (65 cm), Analog (77 cm), Kievskaya polukarlikova (76 cm), Shchedraya Polesia (83 cm). According to the resistance to lodging, the studied varieties can be attributed to different groups. Varieties created after 1992 were resistant to lodging: Kraevid, Polesskaya-90, Gnom, Analog, Kesaria Polisska, Olzhana. Conventionally dividing varieties into groups according to the years of creation in the period from 1971 to 2012, you can notice a tendency to decrease in height and increase resistance to lodging with each subsequent variety change. According to the results of field tests, the average height of winter soft wheat varieties of the Institute of Agriculture created in the period from 1992-2017 decreased by 5 cm compared to varieties created in the period from 1971 to 1992.So, the results obtained indicate the active involvement of short-stemmed genotypes in the breeding process of winter wheat, which are still being successfully studied. Most varieties of the Institute belong to the semi-dwarf group in terms of height and are highly resistant to lodging, and therefore are promising as a source of economically valuable traits.
A Survey of Cannabis Use in a Large US-Based Cohort of People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Salter Amber , Fox Robert J. , Cutter Gary , Marrie Ruth Ann , Nichol Kate E. , Steinerman Joshua R. , Smith Karry M.J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
As cannabis products become increasingly accessible across the United States, it is important to understand the contemporary use of cannabis for managing multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms.

Methods:
We invited participants with MS from the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry (aged 18 years or older) to complete a supplemental survey on cannabis use between March and April 2020. Participants reported cannabis use, treated symptoms, patterns, preferences, methods of use, and the factors limiting use. Findings are reported using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Of the 6934 participants invited, 3249 responded. Of the respondents, 31% reported having ever used cannabis to treat MS symptoms, with 20% currently using cannabis. The remaining 69% had never used cannabis for MS symptoms, for reasons including not enough data about efficacy (40%) and safety (27%), and concerns about legality (25%) and cost (18%). The most common symptoms current users were attempting to treat were spasticity (80%), pain (69%), and sleep problems (61%). Ever users (vs never users) were more likely to be younger, be non-White, have lower education, reside in the Northeast and West, be unemployed, be younger at symptom onset, be currently smoking, and have higher levels of disability and MS-related symptoms (all P &lt; .001).

Conclusions:
Despite concerns about insufficient safety and efficacy data, legality, and cost, almost one-third of NARCOMS Registry respondents report having tried nonprescription cannabis products in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms. Given the lack of efficacy and safety data on such products, future research in this area is warranted.
The Determinant of Student Decision to Continue Their Study on Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of Uin Alauddin Makassar
Authors: . Siradjuddin , Wahid Haddade Abdul , Arif Widyantono , Fajriani Imaniar N. , Zulqadri Juanda 
Published: December 2021

This research aims to examine and partially and simultaneously the effects of (1) socialization, (2) study program accreditation, (3) tuition fees, and (4) job opportunities for students' decisions to continue their education on Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar. This research is an ex-post facto research that examines causal associative relationships with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique is done by proportional random sampling. Techniques of analysis and processing of research data using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that socialization partially does not have an effect, study program accreditation has a positive and significant effect, tuition fees has a positive and significant effect, and job opportunities do not have an effect, and simultaneously socialization, accreditation, tuition fees, and job opportunities have effect on students' decisions to continue their education in the Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar. It indicates that the all factors in this study can be determined as the factors for the students to choose Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program in UIN Alauddin Makassar; thus, in order to increase the decisions of other students, the university needs to increase aspects that this research has been conducted. The recommendation for future researchers is conducting research with other variables to know other reasons and aspects of students to continue their study at Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar.
Site Specific Nutrient Management Options for Achieving Higher Yields in Cotton and Chickpea under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Nayak S. Balaji , Balaguravaiah D. , Ramana K. V. , Giridharakrishna T. , Munirathnam P. , Reddy B. Ravindra 
Published: December 2021

A study was undertaken to delineation of spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to prepare soil available nutrient maps for improved productivity in different crops grown in the study area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Knowledge of spatial-variability is critical for site specific nutrient management in soil fertility to obtain higher yields. Soil sample (350) were collected from surface from 350 selected sites for preparing precise digital maps using point, line and polygon tools of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with ArcGIS software 10.3 was used for database creation and for creating the union of various thematic maps. The spatial variability maps were generated and delineated into different zones for N, P and K. Soil available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium spatial variability values generated from the thematic maps of Kurnool division were used to establish fertilizer recommendations for cotton in kharif and Chickpea in rabi during 2018-19 seasons. The recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) that worked for cotton were 401 to 450, 351 to 400, > 450 and < 350 kg ha-1 for the areas with Nitrogen availability of 140 to 210, 210 to 280, <140 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphorous fertilizer recommendation for soils with available P of < 30 kg/ha and > 30 kg/ha was figured out as > 250 kg ha-1 and < 250 kg ha-1, respectively. For soil available Potassium recorded 230 to 560, < 230 and > 560 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 301 to 400, > 401 and < 300 kg/ha, respectively. Recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) was worked out for chickpea were 51 to 75, > 76 and < 50 kg/ha for the areas with available N ranges of 184 to 280, < 184 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphatic fertilizer recommendation for soils of available P of < 23.5 and 23.5 to 40 kg/ha was figured out as > 200 kg/ha and 171 to 200 kg/ha, respectively. For the soil available potassium recorded 253 to 412, 413 to 570, < 253 and > 570 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 66 to 100, 31 to 65, > 100 and < 30 kg/ha, respectively.
Effect of Growth Regulators and Organics on Growth and Yield of Spiny Brinjal Variety VRM (Br) -1
Authors: Nanthakumar S. , Kumar C. Pravin , Thilagam P. 
Published: December 2021

Two field experiments were carried out at Horticultural College, Kalavai to study the effect of growth regulators and organics on growth and yield of spiny brinjal (Solanum melongena) var.VRM-1. Growth regulators viz., Salicylic acid @ 200 ppm, Brassinosteriods @ 0.1 ppm, Triacontanol @ 5 ppm and NAA @ 40 ppm and organics viz., Seaweed extract @ 1.0%, Humic acid @ 1.0%, Panchagavya @ 5.0% and Vermiwash @ 5.0% were tested and applied as foliar spray in spiny brinjal var VRM-1. Among the treatments tested, Panchagavya treatment recorded maximum value with regard to plant height (85.45 cm), leaf area (131.59 cm), leaf area index (3.66), branches per plant (21.3 Nos) , flowers per plant (55.5 Nos), fruits per plant (20.9 Nos), fruit length (5.8 cm), fruit circumference (14.7 cm) and individual fruit weight (82.1 g). Brassinosteroids treatment found to be effective in increasing root length (22.75 cm).
Influence of Long Term Fertilization and Manures on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Udorthentic Chromusterts
Authors: Venkatesh V. , Sekaran N. Chandra , Sanjivkumar V. , Meena S. , Parthiban K. T. 
Published: December 2021

To study the effect of different nutrient management practices on different soil physical and chemical properties in the permanent manurial experiment field of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, which was established during 1982 at Agriculture Research Station, Kovilpatti. Soil physical and chemical properties are mainly affected by the continuous application of fertilizers or manures from years together. To study the above mentioned properties of soil the soil samples were collected from the permanent manurial experiment of kovilpatti where the Randomized Block Design (RBD) was followed with nine different treatments viz., T1- Control; T2- 100 % RDF (40:20:40 NPK kg ha-1); T3- 50% RDF (20:10:20 NPK kg ha-1); T4- 50% N (Crop residues); T5- 50 % N (FYM); T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%) ; T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%); T8- 100 % RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1; T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1. The effect of these treatments along with the depth (0-15 cm; 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm) was compared. The treatment receiving organics viz., T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1 was observed to be the best in all the physical and chemical properties which was then followed by INM viz., T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%) and T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%).
Patients’ Perceptions of Hospital Care in a Covid-19 Pandemic Population
Authors: Felix Erondu Okechwukwu , Ogolodom Michael Promise , Mbaba Awajimijan Nathaniel , Nonyelum Aniebo 
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with pandemonium and misinformation, affecting patients' health-seeking behavior. This study was designed to explore patients' perceptions of hospital care during this period and to provide evidence-based and appropriate public health planning strategies.
Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 155 patients using 22 items structured and self-completion questionnaires to determine (A) Socio-demographic variables, (B) Knowledge and perception of the disease, and (C) The participants’ behaviors towards COVID-19. A Hardcopy version of the questionnaire was administered to the respondents by direct issuance.
Results: 103(66.45%) of the respondents knew the cause of COVID-19, while 104 (67.09%) agreed that people can be infected with COVID-19 in the hospital. 84 (54.19%) were afraid of a hospital visit and 66 (42.58%) are unwilling to self-report if they have minor symptoms. A large number 43(27.74%) perceived a clean environment as the impetus to make them comfortable in the hospital.
Conclusion: Our study illuminates gaps in the patients’ perceptions of hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted negatively on the patient population as they avoided hospitalization for fear of contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. Furthermore, appropriate public health strategies can improve patients’ perceptions and health-seeking behavior in a pandemic period.