bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of missed infection control care: A tri‐partite international study
Authors: Blackman Ian , Riklikiene Olga , Gurkova Elena , Willis Eileen , Henderson Julie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to quantify types and frequencies of missed infection control care and to develop a theoretical model for estimating nurses’ consensus scores about this form of missed care.DesignA non‐experimental research design using self‐audit data was selected to collect information about the types and frequencies of missed infection control care from nurses employed in hospitals located in three different countries. Data collection commenced mid‐year 2018.MethodsA multivariate approach was used to apply the consensus scores of 1.911 internationally based nurses in the missed opportunities for maintaining infection control.Results/findingsThirteen variables exert direct effects on the nurses’ total scores underpinning missed infection control care. These include the methods used to prevent hospital‐acquired infections, surveillance and hand hygiene practices. Significant nurses’ demographic factors also included their countries of origin, employment status, employer type, job retention intentions, work intensity, length of clinical experience and staff development attendance.ConclusionIn magnitude of importance and having the largest effect on missed infection control care is missed care related to reducing hospital‐acquired infections followed closely by surveillance. Missed infection control care can be quantified, and variances in its practices can be accounted by exploring the nurses’ differing demographic factors, including the nurses’ country of origin.ImpactVariations in missed infection control care can be accounted for across three countries. While ward hygiene is underestimated by staff as a mechanism to minimize nosocomial infections, infection control surveillance remains the key to reducing hospital‐acquired infections. The study's outcomes invite the use of an ongoing, whole‐of‐organization approach to infection control with scrutiny being needed for improved staff adherence particularly with hand hygiene.
Infant feeding and internalized stigma: The role of guilt and shame
Authors: Russell Pascale Sophie , Birtel Michèle D. , Smith Debbie M. , Hart Kathryn , Newman Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobally the rates of breastfeeding duration are extremely low and postnatal mental health issues are common. As a result, it is important to examine the emotions that underlie these matters. Across two studies (one correlational study N = 160 and one experimental study N = 118), we examined participants’ experiences of shame and guilt when feeding their baby, and the relationship between these emotions with breastfeeding behaviors and internalized stigma. We also examined the psychosocial factors that predict internalized stigma, and whether shame and guilt mediate these relationships. We focused on three factors that have been shown to be associated with internalized stigma in other domains: self‐esteem and social support (Study 1), as well as self‐efficacy (Study 2). Multiple regression revealed that experienced guilt uniquely predicted a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding (Study 1). Higher self‐efficacy (Study 2), self‐esteem, and perceived social support (Study 1) predicted lower internalized stigma of feeding choice. We found that shame was a mediator for the self‐esteem and internalized stigma relationship (Study 1), while guilt was a mediator for the self‐efficacy and internalized stigma relationship (Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of experienced shame and guilt in mothers’ infant feeding experiences. The current results can inform future research and the design of interventions to improve breastfeeding rates and reduce feelings of stigma.
Does sibling composition in childhood contribute to adult fertility behaviors?
Authors: Hays Jake J. , Guzzo Karen Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis work addresses whether adolescent sibling composition—the presence of full‐, half‐, and step‐siblings—is associated with adult childbearing behaviors.BackgroundRecent research suggests that family complexity is transmitted across generations, with individuals with half‐siblings (i.e., parental multipartner fertility [MPF]) having an increased risk of MPF themselves. Yet this work may confound parental composition and sibling composition, as complex sibling ties occur more often among those living outside of a family with both biological parents.MethodUsing data from Rounds 1–18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort, the authors test, for men and women separately, whether parental composition and sibling composition in adolescence are independently associated with the marital status of first births (N = 8768) and MPF (N = 5574).ResultsHaving half‐siblings, but not full‐ or step‐siblings, increases women's odds of a nonmarital first birth over no birth and a marital birth, even when accounting for parental composition. Having half‐siblings also increases women's risk of MPF, though this link is attenuated with controls for first birth characteristics. These associations are not present for men. Parental composition is independently linked to fertility.ConclusionFor women, accounting for sibling composition appears to capture aspects of family that are not identified with parental composition.
Epidemiology of child playground equipment‐related injuries in the USA: Emergency department visits, 1995–2019
Authors: Nabavizadeh Behnam , Hakam Nizar , Holler Jordan T , Namiri Nikan K , Sadighian Michael J , Rios Natalie , Enriquez Anthony , Amend Gregory M. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: July 2021

AimTo analyse the most recent trends and characteristics of playground equipment‐related injuries in children.MethodsWe used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database to acquire cases of playground equipment‐related injuries in children ≤17 years old between 1995 and 2019. A total of 184 580 unweighted cases met our study inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 5 356 703 (95% confidence interval 4 235 530–6 477 876) emergency department visits for playground‐related injuries in the USA were estimated during the study period which was equal to an average of 29.4 annual injuries per 10 000 US population ≤17 years. The mean age was 6.5 (standard error 0.049) years. School‐aged (42.7%) and pre‐school children (35.3%) accounted for most playground injuries. More than half of the injuries were reported in males (53.6%). Most injuries occurred with climbing apparatuses (36%), followed by swings (25.9%) and slides (20.9%). Overall number of injuries (∆ − 22.3%, P = 0.01) and incidence (∆ − 21.6%, P = 0.01) had a declining trend after 2012. However, reported concussion injuries showed an increasing trend during the study (∆ + 28.3%, P < 0.001). A marked seasonal variation in number of injuries existed with most injuries in May and September.ConclusionsAlthough injuries arising from playground equipment have decreased during the past 8 years, there was an increase in number of reported concussions. The outcomes of this study suggested that further efforts should be directed towards such serious injuries.
Functional and taxonomic alpha and beta diversity responses to burning grasslands in southern Brazil
Authors: Joner Fernando , Giehl Eduardo L. H. , Pillar Valério D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuestionsGrasslands in subtropical Brazil are known as potentially fire‐prone ecosystems. Aiming to better understand the effects of fire on biodiversity, we addressed the following questions: does fire benefit all alpha and beta components of taxonomic and functional diversity in grasslands; which functional groups are affected; does diversity foster recovery of above‐ground biomass after fire?LocationCampos grassland, southern BrazilMethodsThe effects of fire were investigated using a before/after control/impact experimental design. A randomized block design with seven replicates was set up, where a fire experiment was established after three years of both grazing and fire exclusion. Each block contained two paired 10 m × 10 m plots. We assessed plant species composition, plant functional trait composition, plant functional groups, and above‐ground biomass before and after fire in both burnt and control plots.ResultsBoth taxonomic and functional alpha diversity increased in burnt plots and decreased in unburnt plots across time. Taxonomic species richness considering total species increased more than considering common species only. Functional beta diversity increased in burnt plots while taxonomic beta diversity stayed similar between treatments. Forb total cover increased after fire while graminoids and shrubs remained unchanged. Burnt plots with high initial functional richness presented greater biomass recovery, whereas species richness presented no relation with above‐ground biomass.ConclusionsFire increases species and functional richness in plots of subtropical Campos grasslands (alpha diversity component), and while it increases functional beta diversity, taxonomic beta diversity remained unchanged. Functional diversity is important for maintaining grassland biomass recovery after fire.
The effects of climate and demographic history in shaping genomic variation across populations of the Desert Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma platyrhinos)
Authors: Farleigh Keaka , Vladimirova Sarah A. , Blair Christopher , Bracken Jason T. , Koochekian Nazila , Schield Drew R. , Card Daren C. , Finger Nicholas , Henault Jonathan , Leaché Adam D. , Castoe Todd A. , Jezkova Tereza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpecies often experience spatial environmental heterogeneity across their range, and populations may exhibit signatures of adaptation to local environmental characteristics. Other population genetic processes, such as migration and genetic drift, can impede the effects of local adaptation. Genetic drift in particular can have a pronounced effect on population genetic structure during large‐scale geographic expansions, where a series of founder effects leads to decreases in genetic variation in the direction of the expansion. Here, we explore the genetic diversity of a desert lizard that occupies a wide range of environmental conditions and that has experienced post‐glacial expansion northwards along two colonization routes. Based on our analyses of a large SNP data set, we find evidence that both climate and demographic history have shaped the genetic structure of populations. Pronounced genetic differentiation was evident between populations occupying cold versus hot deserts, and we detected numerous loci with significant associations with climate. The genetic signal of founder effects, however, is still present in the genomes of the recently expanded populations, which comprise subsets of genetic variation found in the southern populations.
Expression of Concern: Natural copy number variation of tandemly repeated regulatory SNORD RNAs leads to individual phenotypic differences in mice
Authors: Keshavarz Maryam , Savriama Yoland , Refki Peter , Reeves R. Guy , Tautz Diethard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenic copy number differences can have phenotypic consequences, but so far this has not been studied in detail in natural populations. Here, we analysed the natural variation of two families of tandemly repeated regulatory small nucleolar RNAs (SNORD115 and SNORD116) in the house mouse (Mus musculus). They are encoded within the Prader‐Willi Syndrome gene region, known to be involved in behavioural, metabolic, and osteogenic functions in mammals. We determined that the copy numbers of these SNORD RNAs show substantial natural variation, both in wild‐derived mice as well as in an inbred mouse strain (C57BL/6J). We show that copy number differences are subject to change across generations, making them highly variable and resulting in individual differences. In transcriptome data from brain samples, we found SNORD copy‐number correlated regulation of possible target genes, including Htr2c, a predicted target gene of SNORD115, as well as Ankrd11, a predicted target gene of SNORD116. Ankrd11 is a chromatin regulator, which has previously been implicated in regulating the development of the skull. Based on morphometric shape analysis of the skulls of individual mice of the inbred strain, we show that shape measures correlate with SNORD116 copy numbers in the respective individuals. Our results suggest that the variable dosage of regulatory RNAs can lead to phenotypic variation between individuals that would typically have been ascribed to environmentally induced variation, while it is actually encoded in individual differences of copy numbers of regulatory molecules.
Atypical pathogens associated with cardiac implantable electronic device infections
Authors: Kohli Utkarsh , Hazra Aniruddha , Shahab Ahmed , Beaser Andrew D. , Aziz Zaid A. , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Ozcan Cevher , Tung Roderick , Nayak Hemal M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality making the identification of the causative organism critical. The vast majority of CIED infections are caused by Staphylococcal species. CIED infections associated with atypical pathogens are rare and have not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study is to characterize the clinical course, management and outcome in patients with CIED infection secondary to atypical pathogens.MethodsMedical records of all patients who underwent CIED system extraction at the University of Chicago Medical Center between January 2010 and November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with CIED infection. Demographic, clinical, infection‐related and outcome data were collected. CIED infections were divided into typical and atypical groups based on the pathogens isolated.ResultsAmong 356 CIED extraction procedures, 130 (37%) were performed for CIED infection. Atypical pathogens were found in 5.4% (n = 7) and included Pantoea species (n = 2), Kocuria species (n = 1), Cutibacterium acnes (n = 1), Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum (n = 1), Corynebacterium striatum (n = 1), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 1), and Pseudozyma ahidis (n = 1). All patients with atypical CIED infections were successfully treated with total system removal and tailored antibiotic therapy. There were no infection‐related deaths.ConclusionsCIED infections with atypical pathogens were rare and associated with good outcome if diagnosed early and treated with total system removal and tailored antimicrobial therapy. Atypical pathogens cultured from blood, tissue or hardware in patients with CIED infection should be considered pathogens and not contaminants.
Predictors of outcomes in hospitalized patients undergoing pacemaker insertion: Analysis from the national inpatient database (2016‐2017)
Authors: Kichloo Asim , Shaka Hafeez , Aljadah Michael , Amir Rawan , Albosta Michael , Jamal Shakeel , Khan Muhammad Zia , Wani Farah , Mir Khalid Mohiuddin , Kanjwal Khalil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPacemaker implantation in the U.S. is rising due to an aging population. The aim of this analysis was to identify risk factors associated with increased mortality and complications in hospitalized patients requiring pacemaker implantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample database, identifying hospitalized patients who underwent pacemaker implantation using International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Independent predictors of inpatient mortality were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere were 242,980 hospitalizations with pacemaker implantation during 2016 and 2017. The most frequently encountered indications for hospitalizations involving pacemaker insertion included sick sinus syndrome (SSS) (27.60%), complete atrioventricular (AV) block (21.57%), and second‐degree AV block (7.83%). Chronic liver disease was associated with the highest adjusted odds of inpatient mortality (aOR = 5.76, 95% CI: 4.46 to 7.44, p < .001). Comorbid anemia had the highest statistically significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for predictors of post‐procedural cardiac complications (aOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 2.81 to 3.58, p < .001). Mortality in hospitalized patients needing pacemaker implantation was 1.05%. About 3.36% of hospitalizations developed post procedural circulatory complications (PPCC), 2.45% developed sepsis, and 1.84% developed mechanical complications of cardiac electronic devices.ConclusionsWe identified several predictors of inpatient mortality in hospitalized patients undergoing pacemaker implantation, including chronic liver disease, protein‐calorie malnutrition, chronic heart failure, anemia, and history of malignancy. Anemia, chronic liver disease, and congestive heart failure were independent predictors of adverse outcomes in such patients.
Periorbital hypopigmentation and telangiectasias: Clues to diagnosing neonatal lupus in skin of color
Authors: Kleitsch Julianne , Mazori Daniel R. , Derrick Kristina M. , Uwakwe Laura N. , Glick Sharon A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a periorbital erythematous rash. Although post‐inflammatory hypopigmentation and telangiectasias are known possible sequelae, these features may be particularly noticeable in skin of color. Herein, we describe two infants with skin of color in whom periorbital hypopigmentation and telangiectasias were clues to the diagnosis of NLE.
Cadaverine regulates biotin synthesis to modulate primary root growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gibbs Nicole M. , Su Shih‐Heng , Lopez‐Nieves Samuel , Mann Stéphane , Alban Claude , Maeda Hiroshi A. , Masson Patrick H. 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYCadaverine, a polyamine, has been linked to modification of root growth architecture and response to environmental stresses in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation of root growth by cadaverine are largely unexplored. Here we conducted a forward genetic screen and isolated a mutation, cadaverine hypersensitive 3 (cdh3), which resulted in increased root‐growth sensitivity to cadaverine, but not other polyamines. This mutation affects the BIO3‐BIO1 biotin biosynthesis gene. Exogenous supply of biotin and a pathway intermediate downstream of BIO1, 7,8‐diaminopelargonic acid, suppressed this cadaverine sensitivity phenotype. An in vitro enzyme assay showed cadaverine inhibits the BIO3‐BIO1 activity. Furthermore, cadaverine‐treated seedlings displayed reduced biotinylation of Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein 1 of the acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase complex involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, resulting in decreased accumulation of triacylglycerides. Taken together, these results revealed an unexpected role of cadaverine in the regulation of biotin biosynthesis, which leads to modulation of primary root growth of plants.
Grain Temperature-Dependent Thermal Properties Estimation Using FI-QPSO Algorithm
Authors: Xu Hongmei , Liu Juan , Wang Kun , Kong Songtao , Shi Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A hybrid fuzzy inference-quantum particle swarm optimization (FI-QPSO) algorithm is developed to estimate the temperature-dependent thermal properties of the grain. The fuzzy inference scheme is established to determine the contraction-expansion coefficient according to the aggregation degree of particles. The heat transfer process in the grain bulk is solved using the finite element method, and the estimation task is formulated as an inverse problem. Numerical experiments are performed to study the effects of the surface heat flux, measurement errors, and the individual space on the estimation results. Comparison with the quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and conjugate gradient method (CGM) is also conducted, and it shows the validity of the estimation method established in this paper.
Inelastic Deformation of Copper Nanoparticle Based Joints and Bonds
Authors: Thekkut Sanoop , Kokash Maan Zaid , Sivasubramony Rajesh Sharma , Kawana Yuki , Mirpuri Kabir , Shahane Ninad , Thompson Patrick , Greene Christopher M. , Borgesen Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The inelastic deformation properties of sintered metal nanoparticle joints are complicated by the inherent nanocrystalline and nanoporous structures, as well as by dislocation networks formed in sintering or under cyclic loading. Creep rates of sintered nanocopper structures were found to be dominated by the diffusion of individual atoms or vacancies, while dislocation motion remained negligible up to stresses far above those of practical interest. Rapid sintering of one material led to unstable structures with particularly narrow necks between Cu particles and a dense network of dislocations. Creep rates were dominated by dislocation core diffusion within the necks to the nearest open pore surfaces. Exposure to elevated temperatures led to coarsening of the necks and, importantly, annihilation of dislocations, which reduced the creep strongly. Longer sintering of another material led to wider necks without excess dislocations and thus more stable structures. Creep rates were dominated by grain boundary diffusion within the necks and could be strongly enhanced by subsequent work hardening in mild cycling.
Computationally Efficient and Accurate Solution for Colebrook Equation Based on Lagrange Theorem
Authors: Lamri Ahmed A. , Easa Said M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Computationally efficient solutions (less computation time) for the Colebrook equation are essential for simulating pipeline networks. However, the friction law resistance formula has an implicit form for the friction factor. In this study, a computationally efficient and accurate solution for the friction head loss in pipeline networks is developed using the Lagrange inversion theorem. The results are in the form of fast converging power series. Truncated and regressed expressions are obtained using two and three terms of the expanded series that have maximum relative errors of 0.149% and 0.040%, respectively. The proposed solution is as accurate as existing analytic solutions but is computationally more efficient in estimating the friction head loss.
Glucocorticoid induced adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Prete Alessandro , Bancos Irina 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. A possible unwanted effect of glucocorticoid treatment is suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which can lead to adrenal insufficiency. Factors affecting the risk of glucocorticoid induced adrenal insufficiency (GI-AI) include the duration of glucocorticoid therapy, mode of administration, glucocorticoid dose and potency, concomitant drugs that interfere with glucocorticoid metabolism, and individual susceptibility. Patients with exogenous glucocorticoid use may develop features of Cushing’s syndrome and, subsequently, glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome when the treatment is tapered down. Symptoms of glucocorticoid withdrawal can overlap with those of the underlying disorder, as well as of GI-AI. A careful approach to the glucocorticoid taper and appropriate patient counseling are needed to assure a successful taper. Glucocorticoid therapy should not be completely stopped until recovery of adrenal function is achieved. In this review, we discuss the factors affecting the risk of GI-AI, propose a regimen for the glucocorticoid taper, and make suggestions for assessment of adrenal function recovery. We also describe current gaps in the management of patients with GI-AI and make suggestions for an approach to the glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome, chronic management of glucocorticoid therapy, and education on GI-AI for patients and providers.