bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐associated macrophage‐derived transforming growth factor‐β promotes colorectal cancer progression through HIF1‐TRIB3 signaling
Authors: Liu Changfu , Zhang Weihao , Wang Junfeng , Si Tongguo , Xing Wenge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most common cell components in the tumor microenvironment, have been reported as key contributors to cancer‐related inflammation and enhanced metastatic progression of tumors. To explore the underlying mechanism of TAM‐induced tumor progression, TAMs were isolated from colorectal cancer patients, and the functional interaction with colorectal cancer cells was analyzed. Our study found that coculture of TAMs contributed to a glycolytic state in colorectal cancer, which promoted the stem‐like phenotypes and invasion of tumor cells. TAMs produced the cytokine transforming growth factor‐β to support hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression, thereby upregulating Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) in tumor cells. Elevated expression of TRIB3 resulted in activation of the β‐catenin/Wnt signaling pathway, which eventually enhanced the stem‐like phenotypes and cell invasion in colorectal cancer. Our findings provided evidence that TAMs promoted colorectal cancer progression in a HIF1α/TRIB3‐dependent manner, and blockade of HIF1α signals efficiently improved the outcome of chemotherapy, describing an innovative approach for colorectal cancer treatment.
Racial discrimination and the moderating effects of racial and ethnic socialization on the mental health of Asian American youth
Authors: Park Michael , Choi Yoonsun , Yasui Miwa , Hedeker Donald ,   Specificity, Commonality, and Generalizability in Social‐Emotional Development Special Section Editors
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates trajectories of racial discrimination, racial and ethnic socialization (RES), and their interaction effects with social positions (nativity and gender) on mental health. A longitudinal study of 786 Filipino American (FA) and Korean American (KA) youth from the Midwestern United States (Mage.Wave1 = 15) confirmed that discrimination increased and significantly contributed to the upward trend of mental health distress, whereas the impact of RES differed by its type and by ethnicity. For example, promotion of mistrust and ethnic‐heritage socialization were protective among U.S.‐born FA youth, but for KA youth, preparation for bias was protective regardless of nativity and gender. This study highlights the importance of considering social positions to better understand the role of RES in youth psychological adjustment.
Ethics of folk medicine among the Igbo
Authors: Ogu John Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFolk medicine, also known as traditional medicine, is an ancient cultural practice used to contain and manage illnesses and diseases. It is not wrong to say that western/modern medicine developed from folk medicine because medicine was practiced with herbs, divination, and superstition. Some people continue to rely on spiritual powers, divination, and herds in treating ill health. Folk medicine continues to be an integral part of healthcare among many ethnic groups despite the advent of western/modern medicine. Its preference and resilience are based on tradition, choice, inexpensiveness, and easy access. Omenala‐tradition is the foundation of folk, and its operating principle is Ọfọ and Ogu. This work looks at the main ethical underpinnings of Igbo folk medicine of South‐Eastern Nigeria in the context of Omenala. It concludes that the ethical principle of Ọfọ and Ogu make treatment efficacious, promote patient‐healer relationships, and guides healers and patients.
Association of peripapillary hyper‐reflective ovoid masslike structures and disease duration in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wicklein Rebecca , Wauschkuhn Josephine , Giglhuber Katrin , Kümpfel Tania , Hemmer Bernhard , Havla Joachim , Knier Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePeripapillary hyper‐reflective ovoid masslike structures (PHOMS) are a novel finding during retinal optical coherence tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, there are no data on the occurrence of PHOMS in early MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of PHOMS in patients with first diagnosed early relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and to search for associations of PHOMS with disease patterns in different MS subtypes.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis in two different cohorts: cohort 1, consisting of early RRMS patients (n = 349); cohort 2, consisting of patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) (n = 66) and RRMS (n = 65).ResultsPeripapillary hyper‐reflective ovoid masslike structures were detected in 18.3% of patients with early RRMS. The occurrence of PHOMS was not associated with age, disease duration and disability. Investigating clinical patterns and the occurrence of PHOMS (cohort 2), an association of PHOMS with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale measures (PHOMS 4.9, 3.7–6.1; no PHOMS 3.5, 3.0–5.3; p = 0.03) and longer disease durations (PHOMS 6.5 years, 1.9–11.0; no PHOMS 1.0 years, 0.0–4.0, p = 0.0007) was found in patients with PPMS but not RRMS. After p value adjustment, the disease duration appeared to be more relevant (β = 0.16, p = 0.06).ConclusionPeripapillary hyper‐reflective ovoid masslike structures were found in 18% of patients with early MS. The presence of PHOMS might be associated with disease progression only in PPMS but not RRMS, suggesting that PHOMS might be embedded in neurodegenerative processes.
Female Western Australian magpies discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar human voices
Authors: Dutour Mylène , Walsh Sarah L. , Speechley Elizabeth M. , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar individuals is important as it plays a central role in many social interactions. Previous research has found that some animal species can discriminate among conspecifics, and recent findings indicate that some species are also able to discriminate among heterospecifics, including humans. The ability to discriminate between humans based on voice recognition has been thoroughly investigated in domestic species and in some wild species housed in captivity. However, human voice recognition remains largely untested in wild animals living in their natural environment. In the present study, we investigated whether wild Western Australian magpies can discriminate between the voices of familiar and unfamiliar humans using playback experiments. Magpies showed an increase in vigilance when exposed to playback of unfamiliar voices compared with familiar, suggesting that magpies perceive unfamiliar humans as a greater threat. These results provide the first evidence that birds in their natural environment have the capacity to discriminate between humans using vocal recognition. Given that humans can represent a threat for wild animals, this capacity to discriminate based on vocal familiarity may be beneficial.
Medical informatization of management system for admission office under convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Guan , Li Dandan , Ge Jinling , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study aims to construct a client/server model of a three‐tier architecture based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), which is responsible for information management in admission office, including eight aspects of the registration management, admission management, prepayment management, inpatient charge management, settlement management, report statistics management, information query management, and help management. The test results of the system show that the management system constructed can run 48 h trouble‐free for registration services, no‐fee discharge services, inpatient charge services, and settlement services, and the average response time of the system is less than 10 s. The management system constructed for the admission office realizes the medical informatization, and heightens the work efficiency of relevant workers.
Improvements in quality of life and work productivity with up to 6 months of fremanezumab treatment in patients with episodic and chronic migraine and documented inadequate response to 2 to 4 classes of migraine‐preventive medications in the phase 3b FOCUS study
Authors: Spierings Egilius L. H. , Ning Xiaoping , Ramirez Campos Verena , Cohen Joshua M. , Barash Steve , Buse Dawn C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is associated with depression as well as negative impact on quality of life and work productivity. Fremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG2Δa), selectively targets the calcitonin gene‐related peptide and has proven efficacy for the preventive treatment of migraine.ObjectiveIn this open‐label extension (OLE) of the phase 3b FOCUS study, we assessed patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) over time.MethodsPatients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) completing the 12‐week, double‐blind (DB) period of the FOCUS trial entered the 12‐week OLE and received three monthly doses of fremanezumab (225 mg). PROs included the Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life (MSQoL) questionnaire (role function—restrictive [RFR], role function—preventive [RFP], and emotional function [EF] domains), EuroQol‐5‐Dimension‐5‐Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaire, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) assessment, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, and 9‐Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9).ResultsA total of 838 patients were randomized in the DB period, 807 entered the OLE at 3 months, and 772 were still enrolled at 6 months. At 6 months, patients in the quarterly fremanezumab, monthly fremanezumab, and placebo DB randomization groups, respectively, reported improvements in RFR (mean [standard deviation] change from baseline: 24.6 [21.9]; 22.9 [21.3]; 20.8 [26.5]), RFP (19.6 [20.0]; 18.3 [19.7]; 16.0 [19.9]), and EF (22.5 [24.2]; 19.1 [23.6]; 17.2 [24.7]) domains of the MSQoL questionnaire, the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire (8.0 [19.6]; 7.3 [21.1]; 6.6 [21.0]), all four domains of the WPAI questionnaire, and the PHQ‐9 (−2.4 [5.3]; −1.6 [5.5]; −2.0 [4.9]); 77.1% (209/271), 75.4% (205/272), and 68.8% (181/263) of patients were identified as PGIC responders.ConclusionAmong patients with EM or CM and prior inadequate response to multiple migraine‐preventive medication classes, progressive improvements in MSQoL, depression, and work productivity were achieved during 6 months of fremanezumab treatment.
Vivax malaria detection using a parasitic red blood cell flag generated by the Sysmex XN‐9000 hematology analyzer
Authors: Huh Hee Jin , Chung Jae‐Woo , Park Seong Yeon , Chae Seok‐Lae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionA Sysmex XN‐series hematology analyzer (Sysmex), the next generation up from the Sysmex XE‐series, can provide information regarding malaria infection in the form of a parasitic red blood cell (pRBC) flag. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the pRBC flag for early detection and follow‐up in patients infected with Plasmodium vivax.MethodsA total of 221 patients with fever for whom CBC and malaria microscopy had been requested were analyzed. Sixty‐seven individuals were diagnosed with P vivax infection, and 154 were diagnosed with other febrile diseases. The sensitivity and specificity of the pRBC flag for malaria parasite detection and the relationship between parasite density and presence of the pRBC flag were determined. The concordance rate between malaria microscopy and pRBC flag in 147 follow‐up cases was calculated.ResultsThe pRBC flag was detected in 56 of 67 malaria patients (sensitivity, 83.6%; specificity, 100%). The patients with the pRBC flag at initial diagnosis revealed significantly higher parasite density than the patients without the pRBC flag (P < .05). The concordance rate between malaria microscopy and pRBC flag in the follow‐up cases was 53.1%.ConclusionConsidering its high sensitivity in malaria‐suspicious patients, unexpected vivax malaria cases can be detected with the pRBC flag when CBC is done in a routine laboratory setting. The pRBC flag provided by the Sysmex XN series is a valuable tool for vivax malaria detection.
Perceived COVID‐19‐associated discrimination, mental health and professional‐turnover intention among frontline clinical nurses: The mediating role of resilience
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J. , De los Santos Janet Alexis A. , Fronda Dennis C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19‐associated discrimination (CAD) is an important issue that may adversely affect frontline nurses’ work effectiveness and well‐being. This study examined the relationships between frontline nurses’ perceptions of COVID‐19‐associated discrimination and their resilience, mental health, and professional‐turnover intention. This cross‐sectional descriptive study involved 259 frontline nurses in the Central Philippines and used four online self‐report measures. The results revealed that frontline nurses perceived a moderate level of COVID‐19‐associated discrimination. Frontline nurses who perceived a higher level of discrimination during the coronavirus pandemic reported poorer mental health and higher professional‐turnover intention. Resilience acted as a mediator and reduced the effects of COVID‐19‐associated discrimination on nurses’ mental health and their professional‐turnover intention. Proactive measures to reduce the negative consequences of discrimination during the pandemic, and efforts to foster resilience in nurses who are in the forefront of the fight against the highly transmissible virus, should be given high priority by hospital and nursing administrators to better support nurses’ mental health and foster retention.
Lamivudine improves cognitive decline in SAMP8 mice: Integrating in vivo pharmacological evaluation and network pharmacology
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Jie , Tang Qi , Zhang Qingchen , Wang Yong , Zhang Jian , Hao Yingying , Bai Xiaohui , Lu Zhiming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as lamivudine (3TC) play important roles in anti‐ageing, but their effects on neurodegenerative diseases caused by ageing are not clear, especially on the functions of the nervous system such as cognition. In this study, we administered 3TC to senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice by gastric perfusion (100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Our results showed that 3TC significantly improved the ageing status of SAMP8 mice, especially the decline of cognitive ability evaluated by the Morris water maze test. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of improving the ageing status of SAMP8 mice by 3TC, the qPCR and tissue staining methods were used to study the brain tissues (i.e., hippocampus and cortex) of mice, while the network pharmacology analysis was applied to investigate the potential targets of 3TC. The results showed that the mRNA levels of genes related to long interspersed element‐1, type 1 interferon response, the senescence‐associated secretion phenotype and the Alzheimer's disease in the hippocampus and cortex of SAMP8 mice were increased due to senescence, but this trend was reversed partially by 3TC. Results of histological studies showed that 3TC reduced the death of hippocampal neurons, while the results of network pharmacology analysis indicated that 3TC may exert its influence through multiple pathways, including the oestrogen signalling and the PI3K/Akt and neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction signalling pathways, which we have verified through in vitro experiments. These findings provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of 3TC in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Impact of fever thresholds in detection of COVID‐19 in Department of Veterans Affairs Community Living Center residents
Authors: Bej Taissa , Kothadia Sonya , Wilson Brigid M. , Song Sunah , Briggs Janet M. , Banks Richard E. , Donskey Curtis J. , Perez Federico , Jump Robin L. P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong nursing home residents, for whom age and frailty can blunt febrile responses to illness, the temperature used to define fever can influence the clinical recognition of COVID‐19 symptoms. To assess the potential for differences in the definition of fever to characterize nursing home residents with COVID‐19 infections as symptomatic, pre‐symptomatic, or asymptomatic, we conducted a retrospective study on a national cohort of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Center (CLC) residents tested for SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsResidents with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 tests were classified as asymptomatic if they did not experience any symptoms, and as symptomatic or pre‐symptomatic if the experienced a fever (>100.4°F) before or following a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test, respectively. All‐cause 30‐day mortality was assessed as was the influence of a lower temperature threshold (>99.0°F) on classification of residents with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 tests.ResultsFrom March 2020 through November 2020, VA CLCs tested 11,908 residents for SARS‐CoV‐2 using RT‐PCR, with a positivity of rate of 13% (1557). Among residents with positive tests and using >100.4°F, 321 (21%) were symptomatic, 425 (27%) were pre‐symptomatic, and 811 (52%) were asymptomatic. All‐cause 30‐day mortality among residents with symptomatic and pre‐symptomatic COVID‐19 infections was 24% and 26%, respectively, while those with an asymptomatic infection had mortality rates similar to residents with negative SAR‐CoV‐2 tests (10% and 5%, respectively). Using >99.0°F would have increased the number of residents categorized as symptomatic at the time of testing from 321 to 773.ConclusionsAll‐cause 30‐day mortality was similar among VA CLC residents with symptomatic or pre‐symptomatic COVID‐19 infection, and lower than rates reported in non‐VA nursing homes. A lower temperature threshold would increase the number of residents recognized as having symptomatic infection, potentially leading to earlier detection and more rapid implementation of therapeutic interventions and infection prevention and control measures.
Diagnostic performance of HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing towards HPV‐DNA testing and p16/Ki67 immunostaining as a biomarker of high‐risk HPV recurrence in Greek women surgically treated for their cervical lesions
Authors: Carcea Fausto , Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Petousis Stamatios , Papandreou Panagiotis , Siarkou Chrysoula Margioula , Nasioutziki Maria , Papanikolaou Alexios , Dinas Konstantinos , Daniilidis Angelos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of E6/E7 HPV‐mRNA overexpression towards HPV‐DNA testing and p16/Ki67 immunocytochemistry in a post‐op population to verify if this biomarker can be effectively used as indicator of successful cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment.MethodsOur study retrospectively analyzed 197 patients of our Colposcopy Clinic between January 2013 and September 2020 coming with an abnormal Pap smear suggestive for colposcopy, and after a series of follow‐ups including liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and punch‐biopsy sampling, there were surgically treated. LBC was used for cytology and molecular analysis of the three HPV‐related biomarkers.ResultsSix months after treatment, 93% of the HPV‐mRNA‐positive women became negative while this applied to only 80.2% of the HPV‐DNA‐positive women. HPV persistence was 6.9% at 6–12 months after treatment. The comparison among cytology, colposcopy, HPV‐DNA test, and HPV‐mRNA test after treatment revealed that the last one is the only with a strong correlation with actual severity (histology during treatment) (ρ = 0.345, p = 0.006) implying that clinical cases with more severe CIN may have higher chances of unsuccessful treatment. HPV‐mRNA test had higher sensitivity (100%), specificity (96.88%), and positive predictive value (45.45%) for CIN2+ recurrent lesions when compared with HPV‐DNA testing (80%, 82.81%, 10.81% respectively) and p16/Ki67 immunocytochemistry (80%, 95.83%, 33.33% respectively) while their negative predictive values were similar.ConclusionsE6/E7 mRNA detection has higher diagnostic values for the prediction of treatment failure compared with HPV‐DNA testing and p16/Ki67 immunocytochemistry, and as an outcome could be used as predictive indicator of CIN‐treatment status.
Sensory properties and consumer acceptance of ready‐to‐drink vanilla protein beverages
Authors: Liu Yaozheng , Toro‐Gipson Rachel S. Del , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReady‐to‐drink (RTD) protein beverages are growing in popularity in the US market. Protein beverages vary in protein amount and source and as such, have substantially different sensory experiences. This study applied descriptive analysis and consumer acceptance testing to identify sensory properties and drivers of like and dislike in vanilla RTD protein beverages. A category survey with 33 beverages were conducted by a trained panel. Ten representative beverages were evaluated by vanilla protein beverage consumers (n = 150) for overall and specific liking attributes. Twenty sensory attributes were identified. The drivers of liking for vanilla RTD protein beverages included cooked/milky, caramelized, and vanilla/vanillin flavors, sweet and salty tastes, and viscosity, while the drivers of dislike were green pea and cereal/grainy flavors. Consumer clusters were differentiated by preferences for vanilla flavor intensity, viscosity and their tolerances for bitter taste and astringency. Consumer clusters were also distinguished by preferences for natural label, protein type, carbohydrate content, and sweeteners.Practical applicationsThe ideal vanilla ready‐to‐drink (RTD) protein beverage for all consumers is a sweet and viscous beverage with intense milky and caramelized flavors with high protein content. This study adapted a lexicon for vanilla RTD beverages, demonstrated the intrinsic drivers of liking for vanilla RTD protein beverages and provides insights on consumer preferences to guide further product development of RTD protein beverages.
Histopathologic, phenotypic, and molecular criteria to discriminate low‐grade intestinal T‐cell lymphoma in cats from lymphoplasmacytic enteritis
Authors: Freiche Valérie , Paulin Mathieu V. , Cordonnier Nathalie , Huet Hélène , Turba Maria‐Elena , Macintyre Elizabeth , Molina Thierry‐Jo , Hermine Olivier , Couronné Lucile , Bruneau Julie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation of low‐grade intestinal T‐cell lymphoma (LGITL) from lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) in cats is a diagnostic challenge for pathologists.ObjectiveCharacterize histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of LGITL and LPE.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned cats, 22 diagnosed with LGITL and 22 with LPE.MethodsProspective, cohort study. Clinical suspicion of LGITL or LPE was based on persistent gastrointestinal signs, unresponsive to empirical treatments. All cats underwent a standardized diagnostic evaluation, including biopsy (preferentially full‐thickness), and were diagnosed with LGITL or LPE after review of clinical, laboratory, sonographic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and clonality results.ResultsA monomorphic lymphocytic population (22/22, 100%) and in‐depth mucosal infiltration (15/22, 68%) were hallmarks of LGITL. Epithelial patterns (nests and plaques) were significantly more frequent in LGITL (11/22, 50%) than in LPE (1/22, 5%) cases (P = .001). A CD3+ lymphocytic apical‐to‐basal gradient was observed in 9/22 (41%) of LGITL vs 1/22 (5%) of LPE cases (P = .004). Most LPE cases (17/18, 94%) featured marked fibrosis in the superficial part of the lamina propria. The Ki‐67 20%‐ and 30%‐thresholds discriminated between LGITL and LPE within both the epithelium (specificity >95%) and lamina propria (specificity >95%), respectively. All LGITL cases were CD3+ pSTAT3− and pSTAT5+. T‐cell receptor gamma chain gene rearrangements indicated monoclonality in 86% of LGITL cases. Surprisingly, 70% of LPE cases featured monoclonality (40%) or monoclonality on a polyclonal background (30%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe identified new histologic, immunohistochemical, and clonality criteria to distinguish LGITL from LPE.