bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Low Aromatic Amino-Acid Diet Improves Renal Function and Prevent Kidney Fibrosis in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Barba Christophe , Benoit Bérengère , Emilie Bres , Chanon Stéphanie , Vieille-Marchiset Aurélie , Pinteur Claudie , Pesenti Sandra , Glorieux Griet , Picard Cécile , Fouque Denis , Soulage Christophe O. , Koppe Laetitia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite decades of use of low protein diets (LPD) in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), their mechanisms of action are unclear. A reduced production of uremic toxins could contribute to the benefits of LPDs. Aromatic amino-acids (AA) are precursors of major uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS). We hypothesize that a low aromatic amino acid diet (LA-AAD, namely a low intake of tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine) while being normoproteic, could be as effective as a LPD, through the decreased production of uremic toxins. Kidney failure was chemically induced in mice with a diet containing 0.25% (w/w) of adenine. Mice received three different diets for six weeks: normoproteic diet (NPD: 14.7% proteins, aromatic AAs 0.019%), LPD (5% proteins, aromatic AAs 0.007%) and LA-AAD (14% proteins, aromatic AAs 0.007%). Both LPD and LA-AAD significantly reduced proteinuria, kidney fibrosis and inflammation. While LPD only slightly decreased plasma free PCS and free IS compared to NPD; free fractions of both compounds were significantly decreased by LA-AAD. These results suggest that a LA-AAD confers similar benefits of a LPD in delaying the progression of CKD through a reduction in uremic toxins production, with a lower risk of malnutrition.
Clinical Outcomes Associated with Degree of Hypernatremia in Neurocritically Ill Patients
Authors: Lee Yun Im , Ahn Joonghyun , Ryu Jeong-Am 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypernatremia is a common complication encountered during the treatment of neurocritically ill patients. However, it is unclear whether clinical outcomes correlate with the severity of hypernatremia in such patients. Therefore, we investigated the impact of hypernatremia on mortality of these patients, depending on the degree of hypernatremia.Methods: Among neurosurgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2019, patients who were hospitalized in the ICU for more than 5 days and whose serum sodium levels were obtained during ICU admission were included. Hypernatremia was defined as the highest serum sodium level exceeding 150 mEq/L observed. We classified the patients into four subgroups according to the severity of hypernatremia and performed propensity score matching analysis.Results: Among 1,146 patients, 353 patients (30.8%) showed hypernatremia. Based on propensity score matching, 290 pairs were included in the analysis. The hypernatremia group had higher rates of in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality in both overall and matched population (both p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). In multivariable analysis of propensity score-matched population, moderate and severe hypernatremia were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15 – 9.75 and adjusted OR: 6.93, 95% CI: 3.46 – 13.90, respectively) and 28-day mortality (adjusted OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.54 – 7.98 and adjusted OR: 10.60, 95% CI: 5.10 – 21.90, respectively) compared with the absence of hypernatremia. However, clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality, were not significantly different between the group without hypernatremia and the group with mild hypernatremia (p = 0.720 and p = 0.690, respectively). The mortality rates of patients with moderate and severe hypernatremia were significantly higher in both overall and matched population. Interestingly, the mild hypernatremia group of matched population showed the best survival rate.Conclusions: Moderate and severe hypernatremia were associated with poor clinical outcomes in neurocritically ill patients. However, the prognosis of patients with mild hypernatremia was similar with that of patients without hypernatremia. Therefore, mild hypernatremia may be allowed during treatment of intracranial hypertension using hyperosmolar therapy.
The asteroid 162173 Ryugu: a cometary origin
Authors: Miura Hitoshi , Nakamura Eizo , Kunihiro Tak 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Japanese Hayabusa2 mission has revealed in detail the physical characteristics of the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu, in particular, its spinning top-shaped rubble pile structure [1] and the potentially extremely high organic content [2,3]. A widely-accepted formation scenario for Ryugu is catastrophic collision between larger asteroids and the subsequent slow gravitational accumulation of collisional debris [4,5]. However, the collisional re-accumulation scenario does not explain the origin of the abundant organic matter. An alternative scenario is that Ryugu is an extinct comet, which lost its icy components [2,6,3]. Here, the sublimation of water ice from a uniform porous cometary nucleus was numerically simulated until the refractory components, such as silicate rocks and organic matter were left behind as evaporative residues. Such a process represents the transformation from a comet to an asteroid. The spin-up related to the shrinking nucleus, associated with the water ice sublimation, was also calculated. The result of the calculation indicates that the cometary origin scenario can quantitatively account for all the features of Ryugu discussed above. We conclude that organic-rich spinning top-shaped rubble pile asteroids, such as Ryugu, are comet-asteroid transition objects or extinct comets.
Altered regulation of mesenchymal cell senescence promotes pathological changes associated with diabetic wound healing
Authors: Kita Arisa , Saito Yuki , Norihiro Miura , Miyajima Maki , Yotsuyanagi Takatoshi , Fujimiya Mineko , Chikenji Takako 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pathologic diabetic wound healing is caused by sequential and progressive deterioration of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and resolution/remodeling. Cellular senescence promotes physiological wound process; however, diabetic wounds exhibit low levels of senescent factors and accumulate senescent cells, which impair the healing process. In this study, we demonstrate that the number of p15INK4B + senescent PDGFR-α + mesenchymal cells in adipose tissue transiently increases in early phases of wound healing in non-diabetic mice and humans. Transplantation of adipose tissue from diabetic mice into non-diabetic mice results in wound healing impairment and an alteration in the cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), suggesting that insufficient induction of adipose tissue senescence after injury is a pathological mechanism of diabetic wound healing. These results give novel insight into how regulation of senescence in adipose tissue contributes to the wound healing process and provide the basis for the development of therapeutic approaches for wound healing impairment in diabetes.
Air Particulate Concentration in Dental Surgery During Orthodontic Procedures: A Pilot Study
Authors: Martín-Quintero Inmaculada , Cervera-Sabater Alberto , Tapias-Perero Víctor , Nieto-Sánchez Iván , Cruz-Pérez Javier de la 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: This study evaluates the particle dispersion involved in dental procedures carried out during orthodontic treatments. Variants such as temperature and relative humidity in the dental cabinet were considered. Methods: Using a particle counter, a pilot study was conducted, in which 98 consecutive recordings were made during appointments of patients undergoing orthodontic treatments. Temperature, relative humidity and particles present at the beginning (AR) and during the appointment (BR) were recorded. A control record (CR) of temperature, relative humidity and particles present was made before the start of the clinical activity. In addition to conventional statistics, differential descriptive procedures were used to analyse results, and the influence of relative humidity on particle concentration was analysed by statistical modelling with regression equations. Results: The number of particles present, regardless of their size, was much higher in AR than in CR (p<.001). The same was true for relative humidity and ambient temperature. The relationship between relative humidity and particle number was determined to be exponential. Limitations of the study: The limitations are associated with sample size, environmental conditions of the room and lack of discrimination among the procedures performed. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that from the moment a patient enters a dental office, a large number of additional particles are generated. During treatment, the number of particles of 0.3 microns – which have a high capacity to penetrate the respiratory tract – increases. Moreover, a relationship between relative humidity and particle formation is observed. Further studies are needed.
Multi-Regression Fusion Based Blood Pressure Estimation
Authors: Ye Qi , Ling Bingo Wing-Kuen , Chen Danni , Xu Nuo , Lin Yuxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using the traditional cuff based instruments to estimate the blood pressure (BP) values is inconvenient and difficult to have a continuous measurement. On the other hand, using the intelligent watch based instruments to perform the continuous BP estimation for monitoring the human health conditions is convenient and easy. This paper proposes a method for estimating the BP values continuously only using the photoplethysmogram (PPG). First, the PPGs are denoised by the discrete cosine transform (DCT). It is worth noting that the conventional DCT denoising approach only takes the low frequency DCT coefficients. On the other hand, this paper proposes a training based method for selecting the DCT AC coefficients. Here, the DCT AC coefficients refer to those non-DC DCT coefficients. Then, the features based on some specific points in the PPGs are extracted and the feature vectors are categriozed into two classes of the BP values using the random forest (RF) classifier. Third, for each class and each type of the BP values, three popular regressions including the support vector regression (SVR), the RF regression and the L1 norm criterion based linear regression are used to estimate the BP values. These three estimated BP values are fused together via an L2 norm based regression. It is worth noting that different classes and different types of the BP values are considered separately. Hence, each class and each type of the BP values can be estimated more accurately. Moreover, since the multi-model fusion is employed for combining these three regressions, the overall estimation results are more accurate. The computer numerical simulation results show that the average root mean squares errors (RMSEs) of the SBP and the DBP estimated by our proposed method are 9.12 and 8.19, respectively. In fact, our proposed multi-model fusion based BP estimation approach achieves a higher accuracy compared to the individual regressions.
Mars Methane Sources in Northwestern Gale Crater Inferred from Back-Trajectory Modeling
Authors: Luo Yangcheng , Mischna Michael , Lin John , Fasoli Benjamin , Cai Xiang , Yung Yuk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During its five years of operation, the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) on board the Curiosity rover has detected six methane spikes above a low background abundance in Gale crater. The methane spikes are likely the consequence of nearby surface emission. Here we use inverse Lagrangian modeling techniques to identify probable upstream emission regions for these methane spikes at an unprecedented spatial resolution. Inside Gale crater, the northwestern crater floor casts the strongest influence on the detections. Outside Gale crater, the emission region with the strongest influence extends towards the north. The contrasting results from two consecutive methane measurements point to an active emission region to the west and the southwest of the Curiosity rover on the northwestern crater floor. The observed spike magnitude and frequency also favor emission sites on the northwestern crater floor, unless fast methane removal mechanisms that are unknown to date are at work.
Intraoperative Frozen Section Performance for Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Goemann Iuri Martin , Paixão Francisco , Migliavaca Alceu , Guimarães José Ricardo , Scheffel Rafael Selbach , Maia Ana Luiza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A primary medical relevance of thyroid nodules consists of excluding thyroid cancer, present in approximately 5% of all thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has a paramount role in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules due to its availability and diagnostic performance. Nevertheless, intraoperative frozen section (iFS) is still advocated as a valuable tool for surgery planning, especially for indeterminate nodules. Methods: To compare the FNAB and iFS performances in thyroid cancer diagnosis among nodules in Bethesda Categories (BC) I to VI. The performance of FNAB and iFS tests were calculated using final histopathology results as the gold standard.Results: In total, 316 patients were included in the analysis. Both FNAB and iFS data were available for 272 patients (86.1%). The overall malignancy rate was 30.4%% (n=96). The FNAB sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for benign (BC II) and malignant (BC V and VI) were 89.5%, 97.1%, and 94.1%, respectively. For all nodules evaluated, the iFS sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80.9%, 100%, and 94.9%, respectively. For indeterminate nodules and follicular lesions (BC III and IV), the iFS sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 25%, 100%, and 88.7%, respectively. For BC I nodules, iFS had 95.2% of accuracy.Conclusion: Our results do not support routine iFS for indeterminate nodules or follicular neoplasms (BC III and IV) due to its low sensitivity. In these categories, iFS is not sufficiently accurate to guide the intraoperative management of thyroidectomies. iFS for BC I nodules could be a reasonable option and should be specifically investigated.
The Use of Traditional Medicine in the Implementation of Quaternary Prevention From the Perspective of Experts in Traditional Medicine
Authors: GhorbaniNia Rahil , Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossain , Vali Leila , Shaabani Yuosef 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Traditional medicine includes a variety of disease treatments or prevention methods based on knowledge, skills, and practice that are rooted in indigenous beliefs and experiences. It also has a health-oriented and holistic view and considers measures following the characteristics of each individual. Patient harm can be prevented by using Traditional medicine and limiting the use of ineffective and harmful methods. Methods: This qualitative study with the phenomenological approach was carried out with the participation of 12 individuals who were selected using purposeful sampling and snowball sampling methods among the faculty members of the Faculty of Traditional Medicine of Kerman University of Medical Sciences between May and June 2019. The data collected through semi‑structured interviews based on the research objectives, review of texts. Data analysis performed using the content analysis method in MaxQDA software.Results: Data analysis provided six main categories of the necessity of services, patient benefit, complications, prevention, rules and regulations, the financial burden.Conclusion: Quaternary prevention is a concept derived from Traditional medicine. Health care providers must protect their clients from the harms and costs of unnecessary diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures. By employing Traditional Medicine specialists and integrating the Traditional Medicine specialist program in the family doctor program, attending general and specialized hospitals, integrated medicine could use, and the harm to the patient could minimize.Trial registration: IR.KMU.REC.1400.032 date: 1400/1/17 (6 April 2021)
Pre-Fibrillation of Pulps to Manufacture Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene using the Dry-Pulp Direct Kneading Method
Authors: Igarashi Yuko , Sato Akihiro , Okumura Hiroaki , Nakatsubo Fumiaki , Kuboki Takashi , Yano Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The dry-pulp direct-kneading method is an industrially viable, low-energy process to manufacture cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polymer composites, where chemically modified pulps can be nanofibrillated and dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix during melt-compounding. In this study, cellulose fibers with different sizes, ranging from surface-fibrillated pulps with 20 µm in width to fine CNFs with 20 nm in width were prepared from softwood bleached kraft pulps (NBKPs) using a refiner and high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). These cellulose fibers were modified with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), and then dried. The dried ASA-treated cellulose fibers were used as a feed material for melt-compounding in the dry-pulp direct kneading method to fabricate CNF reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE). When surface-fibrillated pulps were employed as a feed material, the pulps were nanofibrillated and dispersed uniformly in the HDPE matrix during the melt-compounding, and the composites had much better properties (i.e., much higher tensile modulus and strength and much lower coefficient of thermal expansion) than the composites produced using the pulps without pre-fibrillation. However, when CNFs were used as a feed material, the CNFs were shortened and agglomerated during the melt-compounding, thus deteriorating the properties of the composites. The study concludes that the pre-fibrillation of pulps had a significant impact on the morphology and properties of the composites. Unexpectedly, the surface-fibrillated pulp, which can be produced cost-effectively using a refiner at an industry scale, was a more suitable form than the CNF as a feed material for melt-compounding in the dry-pulp direct kneading method.
Validation Study of 6 Dye-Based SF25TM PCR Amplification Kit
Authors: Shrivastava Pankaj , Kumawat R. K. , Kushwaha Pushpesh , Kumar Akshay , Rana Manisha , Bhasney Varsha , Srivast Ankit , Rao Shivangi , Dixit Shivani , Dash Hirak Ranjan , Kaitholia Kamlesh , Shankar Hari , Srivas Kunwar Veer Vikram , Chaubey Gyaneshwer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ever since the inception of STR-based forensic DNA analysis for human Identification and DNA profiling, the approach developed continuously. Most of these developments are pertaining to achieve the best polymorphic loci set for analysis, high inhibitor tolerance capability, increase in sensitivity, reduction in turnaround time, and cost-effectiveness. On the similar line, the SF25TM PCR amplification kit, a 6 fluorescent dye-chemistry based autosomal STR kit was developed, which analyses 25 STR loci viz., FAM fluorescent dye-labelled D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, D1S1656, and Penta E; HEX fluorescent dye-labelled TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, CSF1PO, and Penta D; SUM fluorescent dye-labeled D19S433, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, and D6S1043; LYN fluorescent dye-labelled Amelogenin, D8S1179, D5S818, D12S391, and FGA; PUR fluorescent dye-labelled D22S1045, Y indel; D2S441 and D10S1248, The developmental validation of the SF25 PCR Amplification reagents were carried out in this study to analyze its specificity, sensitivity, and concordance. This multiplex kit showed higher sensitivity with 125pg of DNA template generating a complete profile (with 100% allele call). Out of 83 samples, 10 samples showed aberrant triallelic pattern/aberrant heterozygous pattern at D16S539 locus. The possible discrepant homozygous condition at locus D1S1656 might be due to the invasion of alleles at D1S1656 locus present adjacent to D16S539 locus. Such invasion resulted due to the shortening of the allelic bin at the D1S1656 locus. The allelic ladder of the SF25TM PCR amplification kit reveals the allelic range of D1S1656 from 11 to 19.3 which can be interpreted according to the casework as deemed by the end-users for their samples.
Is It AIDS? Or Is It Kaliondeonde? Preliminary Assessment of an Indigenous AIDS-like Illness in Zambia
Authors: Feldman Douglas A. , Ketonen-Keating Irene , Chitalu Ndashi W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Kaliondeonde is an AIDS-like immunosuppressive illness of unknown etiology common in Zambia and Malawi. It has similar, but not identical, symptoms to HIV/AIDS, and appears to have been in south central Africa longer. It is often viewed by both the public and academics as being the same as HIV/AIDS. Method: Research was conducted in Zambia among seven kaliondeonde patients to determine the perceptions of the sickness, and the symptoms of the disease, in comparison with HIV/AIDS. A subset of four of the patients were examined by both a traditional healer and a physician, and tested for HIV. Results: Two of the four kaliondeonde patients were found to be HIV negative, suggesting the possibility that kaliondeonde is different from HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: If future research confirms that many kaliondeonde patients are in fact HIV-negative, it will become vitally urgent to clarify the distinctiveness of the two illnesses and alter perceptions and knowledge of kaliondeonde prevention, epidemiology, etiology, and clinical practices.
Delineating Neural Responses and Functional Connectivity Changes During Vestibular and Nociceptive Stimulation Reveal the Uniqueness of Cortical Vestibular Processing
Authors: Huber Judita , Rühl Ria Maxine , Flanagin Virginia , zu Eulenburg Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vestibular information is ubiquitous and often processed jointly with visual, somatosensory and proprioceptive information. Among the cortical brain regions associated with human vestibular processing, area OP2 in the parietal operculum has been proposed as vestibular core region. However, delineating responses uniquely to vestibular stimulation in this region using neuroimaging is challenging for several reasons: Firstly, the parietal operculum is a cytoarchitectonically heterogeneous region responding to multisensory stimulation. Secondly, artificial vestibular stimulation evokes confounding somatosensory and nociceptive responses blurring responses contributing to vestibular perception. Furthermore, immediate effects of vestibular stimulation on the organization of functional networks have not been investigated in detail yet.Here, we compared two equally salient stimuli - galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and galvanic nociceptive stimulation (GNS)- to disentangle the processing of both modalities in the parietal operculum and characterize their effects on functional network architecture. GNS and GVS gave joint responses in area OP1,3,4, and the anterior and middle insula, but not in area OP2. Contrasting both stimulation modalities resulted in stronger responses in parts of the parietal operculum adjacent to OP3 and OP4 during GVS, whereas GNS evoked stronger responses in area OP1,3 and 4. Our results underline the importance of considering this common multisensory trunk when interpreting vestibular neuroimaging experiments and further underpin the role of area OP2 in central vestibular processing. Global network changes were found during GNS, but not during GVS. This lack of network reconfiguration despite the saliency of GVS may reflect the continuous processing of vestibular information in the awake human.