bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of peat deposit using ground penetrating radar: Survey experiments and data interpretation
Authors: Sinyutkina A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the possibilities of different wave frequency antennae applications for estimation of the depth of peat deposits and detection of peat layers with different physical characteristics. We employed a GPR system “OKO-2” (“Logical systems”, Russia) with 250 MHz, 700 MHz, and 1700 MHz shielded antennae. The surveys were conducted in 2017–2019 within the pristine and drained raised bogs and swamp forest in the south taiga subzone of Western Siberia to assess the spatial differentiation of the peat deposit and the modern peat accumulation rate within drained bogs. The peculiarities of field surveying, GPR data processing and interpretation are shown. Based on GPR data analysis the influence zone of Bakchar bog and modern peat accumulation within drained bogs were assessed. We noted that the Bakchar bog has a vast zone of influence reaching 700 m from the bog border where peat accumulation is observed. The modern peat accumulation is observed within Bakchar the bog. Drained sites of Ust-Bakchar bog are characterised by the absent peat accumulation or degradation of the peat deposits.
Lateral and radial geochemical structure of bog catena soils (on the example of middle-taiga bog system of Western Siberia)
Authors: Stepanova V A , Mironycheva-Tokareva N P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lateral and radial geochemical structure of bog catena soils of Western Siberia middle-taiga subzone has been investigated on the base of B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hf, W, Pb, Th, U and lanthanoides content. Bog catena is characterized with high contrast of radial distribution of most studied elements. Lateral differentiation is significantly lower than radial one and is monotonous for most elements. In bog catena soils of Western Siberia middle-taiga subzone there are investigated correlations between elements content and soils characteristics that are mainly determined by specific peculiarities of ecosystem development.
Prospects for the peat using as the basis of the soil-like substrate in mini-ecosystems modelling
Authors: Tereshchenko N N , Zyubanova T I , Kravets A V , Akimova E E , Minaeva O M , Petrova T M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Global urbanization is causing a constant decline in arable land as cities and associated industrial zones are “attacking” adjacent agricultural areas. One of the promising ways to solve the problem of increasing food production for the constantly growing population of the planet against the background of rapidly decreasing land resources is the development of fundamentally new alternative methods for the production of crop products, including in greenhouses. The fundamental basis for technological optimization of plant cultivation parameters and the output of the productive process of a particular crop to the maximum of its genetic capacities can be the development of artificial mini-ecosystems based on the reproduction of nature-like processes, implying the balance and combination in one volume of the processes of plant production and reduction of organic waste, initiated directly in the zone of the rhizosphere of plants due to the introduction of technological earthworms into the reduction zone. According to the results of model studies presented in this article, peat is an acceptable basis for the substrate of the root block of a mini-ecosystem, and the introduction of earthworms Eisenia fetida Sav. into the reduction zone does not have a negative effect on lettuce plants, provided that it is used as an energy substrate for cattle manure worms in quantities not exceeding 10 - 20% of the total volume of the substrate.
Decomposition of Sphagnum mosses in Western Siberia bog ecosystems (on the example of Sphagnum fuscum)
Authors: Vishnyakova E K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
On the base of experiments there were recorded the greatest mass losses of Sphagnum fuscum samples flat palsa mires in the first year of experiment, in the following years decay rate decreased significantly (from 24 % to 16 %). On middle taiga bogs there was observed decay rate increasing over the third year while on southern taiga bogs Sphagnum fuscum was decomposed almost evenly over three years. On ridges of ridge-hollow complex of middle taiga and southern taiga mass losses under destruction were greater than those in ryams. The most dynamic decomposition was recorded for forest-steppe ryam with decay mass losses over three years of 56% average.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF VEHICLE EMISSIONS ON THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH AND THEIR MINIMIZATION
Authors: Ya. Manokhin V. , Manokhin M. V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the emissions of pollutants from road transport, in the total air pollution they make up 70 % on the example of a particular metropolis. The highway is considered as a linear source consisting of single point sources of pollution. Special attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase. It is determined that when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) exhaust gas components. The variability of the traffic flow density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory because of three-year monitoring were established. It is proposed to place accounting points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period [11]. The simulation of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase air pollutants of roadside territories is carried out. The model of diffusive displacements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants. The choice is implemented and the method of studying the level of dustiness of motor transport roads is recommended, which allows fixing dust particles from 0.1 microns to 250 microns in the air. An algorithm of an improved system for monitoring the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential zone is proposed. [16]. To minimize the emission of suspended substances, a two-stage emission purification system consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorber is proposed.
The use of web technologies in the transportation of medical waste generated during the treatment of COVID-19 on the territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Burlov V G , Mironova M V , Abramov V A , Yu Kapitsyn S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, explores the use of web technologies as a way to ensure that medical waste transportation is undertaken in a proper and safe way. Insofar as an incorrect waste sorting is regarded as a source of an epidemiological threat within further transportation, is proposed a synthesis of a waste sorting model. The model is based on a natural science approach to managerial decision-making. The model enables to identify and prove violations concerning medical waste sorting. Described four interconnected components of the model: an initial stage, when vaccination processes are not taking place; the vaccination is completed and medical waste is sorted according to the rules; the vaccination is completed, but the rules of medical waste sorting are violated; all the problems related to medical waste sorting are solved, so its transportation is possible.
The Role of Secondary Resource Market in the Development of the Extended Producer Responsibility Mechanism in Russia
Authors: Liubarskaia M A , Putinceva N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper is aimed at the evaluation of current state of secondary resource market in Russia and the determination of factors of their influence on the extended producer responsibility (EPR). Research objectives include scientific justification of directions for the improvement of solid waste management handling process in the Russian regions in order to provide the support for manufactories and importers performing the extended producer responsibility activities. GAP-analysis was used as a method of obtaining the systematic results on the basis of the information received about the current state of the Russian secondary resource market according to various criteria, including the product quality, processing methods, communication between producers and consumers, and state regulations. Research is executed on the grounds of collaborative use of positivistic and phenomenological approaches, where the findings are based on the comparison of experts’ opinions on the factors influencing the development of EPR mechanism, and statistics of the financial performance of main players of the Russian secondary resource market. As a scientific novelty, it is proposed to use the development of secondary resource market for enhancing of EPR mechanism in Russia. The study reveals that successful functioning of the extended producer responsibility mechanism depends not only on business representatives involved in the production of goods and packaging, but also on consumers and on the state authorities.
Biohydrogen production from food processing wastewater by a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium
Authors: Litti Yuriy V , Zhuravleva Elena A , Kovalev Andrey A , Kovalev Dmitriy A , Katraeva Inna V , Parshina Sofiya N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work was a comparative study of biohydrogen production from cheese whey and confectionary wastewater by a newly isolated thermophilic microbial strain Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum SP-H2. Experimental results showed that the fermentative hydrogen was successfully produced with the highest hydrogen yield of 3.9 mL H2/mL cheese whey or 80 mL H2/g chemical oxygen demand. The profile of soluble metabolite products showed that hydrogen generation by a new isolate was mainly acetate-type fermentation in the case of confectionary wastewater and mixed ethanol-acetate-lactate type fermentation in the case of cheese whey. The more optimal metabolic pathway of confectionary wastewater fermentation was confirmed by the better kinetic characteristics according to the Gompertz model.
Comparative evaluation of environmental efficiency of the municipal solid waste treatment scenarios for St. Petersburg region with the life cycle assessment method
Authors: Mikhailova N V , Yasinskaya A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research focuses on complex comparative evaluation of environmental efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment scenarios that can be implemented in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya oblast’. Three scenarios were modelled that technically and economically meet the regional needs. The scenarios imply the following systems: 1) sorting, Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT), landfilling; 2) sorting, MBT, Waste-to-Energy (WTE), landfilling; 3) sorting, MBT, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) for cement industry, landfilling. In comparison, the “zero” scenario implying landfilling untreated waste was modelled. A Life Cycle Assessment based approach was proposed, which allows comparing scenarios through converting heterogeneous impact categories to a single monetary index. The highest damage reduction (by 60-70% in comparison with the “zero” scenario) was shown in the complex scenarios, including both MBT and energy recovery. 40, 42 and 47% of the total damage in scenarios 1, 2, 3 accordingly is associated with MBT product landfilling. The results show that the main benefit of complex treatment cannot be fully realized without separate collection of food waste. In this situation the most environmentally soundable scenario comprises recyclables separation and subsequent WTE treatment of all the rest with the exception of some non-combustibles.
An environmental engineering approach to wastewater treatment with bivalves in the coastal zone
Authors: Gudimov AV 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High tolerance to pollution and filtration capacity of some seston-eating bivalves and mussels of g. Mytilus first of all, principally determine mussel populations as a powerful natural biofilter. Both marine and freshwater mussels consume relatively large amounts of seston, feeding directly on the primary producers. Particles with contaminants extracted from ambient water during the filtration are accumulated in mussel pseudofaeces and faeces discharged after digestion. These specific particles of faeces and soft pseudofeaces become very suitable substrata for bacteria development with following contaminant destruction. Moreover, such biodeposits appeared to be the nutritious food for bottom detritophages, in particular of polychaetes and amphipods. Some fluid metabolites excreted by mussels, i.e. dissolved organic matter (DOM) have a pronounced biological activity to producers. In general, mussels possess high resistance to acute and chronic pollution stress, although their growth may slow down and even stops. In clean conditions food supply is the most important factor in determining activity and growth rate of mussels for northern environment. Mussel and some other aquaculture, as a relatively new application of environmental engineering is able to improve the recycling of nutrients from wastewater to bioproduction and greatly reduce the risk of environmental degradation in the coastal zone.
A Critical Review On Mixing Parameters For High Content Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Rathore Mukul , Haritonovs Viktors , Zaumanis Martins 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh content reclaimed asphalt (RA) mixtures have been identified as one of the options to reduce the environmental and economic impacts of pavements construction. However, the process of designing and producing high content RA mixtures is challenging and the asphalt industry have serious concerns towards quality and long-term performance these mixtures. In laboratory, several parameters affect mixture characteristic, and if not controlled, may results into inaccurate estimation of performance. This state- of-the-art study aims to identify critical parameters for high content RA mixture production and highlight the effects of these parameters on mixture performance. The mixing parameters adopted in several laboratory studies have been highlighted and compared. The best practices to mix recycled asphalt in laboratory are reviewed in order to optimize the laboratory mixing. Based on review, important considerations for evaluating laboratory performance have been discussed.
Enhancement of image quality in planar Airy light-sheet microscopy via subtraction method
Authors: Deng Suhui , Yuan Liusong , Cheng Peiwei , Wang Yuhao , Liu Mingping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of propagation-invariant Airy beams enables a light-sheet microscopy with a large field-of-view. Without relying upon two-photon excitation or deconvolution-based processing to eliminate out-of focus blur caused by the side lobes, here, we present how the subtraction method is applied to enhance the image quality in digital scanned light-sheet microscopy with Airy beam. In the proposed method, planar Airy beam with the symmetric transversal structure is used to excite the sample. A hollow Airy beam with zero intensity at the focal plane is created, which is mainly used to excite the out-of-focus signal. By scanning the sample twice with the normal planar Airy beam and the hollow Airy beam, digital post-processing of the obtained images by subtraction allows for the rejection of out-of-focus blur and improves the optical sectioning, the axial resolution and the intensity distribution uniformity of the light-sheet microscopy.
Study on dynamic mechanical properties of O-ring with large ring diameter ratio based on metal rubber
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyuan , Huang Wei , Ren Zhiying , Yang Yangyang , Bai Hongbai , Liang Yi , Lu Chunhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The demand for high-temperature-resistant metal rubber seals (MRSs) with a large ring-to-diameter ratio is increasing. In this work, an O-type MRS with a large ring-to-diameter ratio was developed by embedding a spiral network metal rubber into a stainless-steel ring with a special preparation process. The effects of the frequency, porosity, and amplitude on the dynamic performance of this O-type MRS were studied in detail. The mechanical properties of the MRS were characterized through dynamic tests, and the damping sensitivity was analyzed using orthogonal tests. The results show that the MRS has a better stability under different vibration frequencies. The energy consumption and loss factor of the sample increase with increasing porosity. With an increase in the loading amplitude, the energy consumption and loss factor of the test samples with the same porosity increase, whereas the dynamic average stiffness of the specimen gradually decreases. Furthermore, the range analysis of the orthogonal experiment shows that the factors affecting the damping performance of the seal are in the following order: porosity > amplitude > frequency. This study presents the dynamic mechanical properties of O-shaped MRSs with a large ring-to-diameter ratio and provides a foundation for their engineering application.
Hard and soft materials: putting consistent van der Waals density functionals to work
Authors: Frostenson Carl M , Granhed Erik Jedvik , Shukla Vivekanand , Olsson Pär A T , Schröder Elsebeth , Hyldgaard Per 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present the idea and illustrate potential benefits of having a tool chain of closely related regular, unscreened and screened hybrid exchange–correlation (XC) functionals, all within the consistent formulation of the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method (Hyldgaard et al (2020 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
32 393001)). Use of this chain of nonempirical XC functionals allows us to map when the inclusion of truly nonlocal exchange and of truly nonlocal correlation is important. Here we begin the mapping by addressing hard and soft material challenges: magnetic elements, perovskites, and biomolecular problems. We also predict the structure and polarization for a ferroelectric polymer. To facilitate this work and future broader explorations, we present a stress formulation for spin vdW-DF and illustrate the use of a simple stability-modeling scheme. The modeling supplements density functional theory (DFT) (with a specific XC functional) by asserting whether the finding of a soft mode (an imaginary-frequency vibrational mode, ubiquitous in perovskites and soft matter) implies an actual DFT-based prediction of a low-temperature transformation.
‘What is infrastructure? What does it do?’: anthropological perspectives on the workings of infrastructure(s)
Authors: Kanoi Lav , Koh Vanessa , Lim Al , Yamada Shoko , Dove Michael R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Infrastructure is often thought of in big material terms: dams, buildings, roads, and so on. This study, instead, draws on literatures in anthropology and the social sciences to analyse infrastructures in relation to society and environment, and so cast current conceptions of infrastructure in a new light. Situating the analysis in context of President Biden’s recent infrastructure bill, the paper expands what is meant by and included in discussions of infrastructure. The study examines what it means for different kinds of material infrastructures to function (and for whom) or not, and considers how the immaterial infrastructure of human relations are manifested in, for example, labour, as well as how infrastructures may create intended or unintended consequences in enabling or disabling social processes. Further, in this study, we examine concepts embedded in thinking about infrastructure such as often presumed distinctions between the technical and the social, nature and culture, the human and the non-human, and the urban and the rural, and how all of these are actually implicated in thinking about infrastructure. Our analysis, thus, draws from a growing body of work on infrastructure in anthropology and the social sciences, enriches it with ethnographic insights from our own field research, and so extends what it means to study ‘infrastructures’ in the 21st century.
Infrastructure and SDG localization: the 21st century mandate
Authors: Hartley Kris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) propose a vision for policymaking at all scales and an institutional platform for producing knowledge and sharing experiences. National governments have the prerogative to determine their SDG planning and implementation strategies, with 169 targets and 232 indicators guiding efforts to achieve the 17 goals. At the same time, pursuing the SDGs is often a ground-level endeavor, highlighting the local and urban scale for policy concerns like infrastructure. In this way, cities are at the front lines of SDG implementation. This article considers how the global political economy of the SDGs—that is, the power and resource dynamics shaping sustainability narratives—imprints itself on relationships among cities and across levels of government in the planning of sustainable infrastructure.
First Identification of the New Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) in Italy
Authors: Micheli Valeria , Bracchitta Fiorenza , Rizzo Alberto , Mancon Alessandro , Mileto Davide , Lombardi Alessandra , Stefanelli Paola , Gismondo Maria Rita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We identified the first case in Italy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 variant, using whole-genome sequencing in an Italian subject traveling from Mozambique. Specific mutation profiles deserve further investigations to clarify potential effects on vaccination efficacy. This case highlights the crucial role of rapid and continuous surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variant circulation.
Remote digital urinalysis with smartphone technology as part of remote management of glomerular disease during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic: single-centre experience in 25 patients
Authors: Stauss Madelena , Dhaygude Ajay , Ponnusamy Arvind , Myers Martin , Woywodt Alexander 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the provision of healthcare through remote and increasingly digitalized means. The management of glomerular pathology, for which urinalysis is crucial, has been notably affected. Here we describe our single-centre experience of using remote digital urinalysis in the management of patients with glomerular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
All patients with native kidney glomerular disease who consented to participate in digital smartphone urinalysis monitoring between March 2020 and July 2021 were included. Electronic health records were contemporaneously reviewed for outcome data. Patient feedback was obtained through the testing portal.

Results
Twenty-five patients utilized the digital urinalysis application. A total of 105 digital urinalysis tests were performed for a wide variety of indications. Four patients experienced a relapse (detected remotely) and two patients underwent three successful pregnancies. The majority of patients were managed virtually (60%) or virtually and face to face (F2F) combined (32%). The average number of clinic reviews and urine tests performed during the pandemic either virtually and/or F2F was comparable to levels pre-pandemic and the ratio of reviews to urinalysis (R:U) was stable (pre-pandemic 1:0.9 versus during the pandemic 1:0.8). Patients seen exclusively F2F with supplementary home monitoring had the highest R:U ratio at 1:2.1. A total of 95% of users provided feedback, all positive.

Conclusion
Remote urinalysis proved a safe and convenient tool to facilitate decision-making where traditional urinalysis was difficult, impractical or impossible. Our approach allowed us to continue care in this vulnerable group of patients despite a lack of access to traditional urinalysis.