bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitic load and self-medication of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp. wurmbii) in Sebangau National Park Central Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Panda A , Djohan T S , Artama W T , Priyowidodo D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Around 27.5% of human parasites have been found in primates. It is proposed that this parasitic load prevalence is not reflected in the specificity of the host or hosts capable of battling parasite infection. Since the dynamic of the field contributes to a broader understanding of host-parasite relationships, it is critical to proving what hosts capable of, in the first place. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to present adequate evidence of the Orangutan’s capacity to medicate itself. In September – October 2017, a swift assessment was carried out in the Punggualas area, Sebangau National Park (SNP). As per behavior procedure, a total of 72 hours follows on habitual Orangutan, on which focal behaviors, including their social behavior, have been reported every 2 minutes. All data is evaluated descriptively. Three focal orangutans, consisting of two dominant males, namely Eboy and Sander, and one independent female with an infant. The results showed that two male individuals revealed no signs of self-medication activity in their natural diets, only feeding activity. In the meanwhile, the female shows the actions. While we did not specifically find out the symptom they may have, the research outcome gained ample evidence that self-medication is performed by the Orangutan.
A Survey on Edible Aroids Consumed by Locals in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zulhazman H , Asraf Fizree M , Muhamad Azahar A , Mohd Fadzelly A B , Nazahatul Anis A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A total of seven variations of edible Araceae species were identically consumed by locals in the Districts of Kota Bharu and Machang, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. These species are Keladi Pinang, Keladi Batang Putih, Keladi Tapak Badak, Keladi Birah, Keladi Batang Hitam, Keladi Candek and Keladi Tetawi. However, through a taxonomic identification were recognised only four species, these are Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don, Alocasia longiloba Miq. and Xantosoma sagitifolia (L.) Schott. The results revealed that Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don. have three and two variations of species, respectively. The study also shows that Araceae is not only as sources of medicinal and ornamental but also commonly used by locals as foods which can be potentially explored and commercialized as a new bio-economy product.
Design of a Low-Cost Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton System
Authors: U Ullas , Rajendrakumar P K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Human locomotion is probably the single most crucial thing to carry out daily activities in a person’s life. It is hence a necessity than an option to help people walk, when they lose that essential ability, for any reason. Rehabilitation is a methodical process, usually carried out by trained professionals in this regard. With the current lifestyle, the increase in factors leading to disabilities is on the rise, and there is a pressing need to rehabilitate the needy. With a lack of specialized medical facilities and personnel to meet the rising demands, especially in many rural parts of India, a low cost rehabilitation device is necessary. The devices that exist for this purpose remain inaccessible to the masses mainly due to their cost, availability, and ability to adapt to different patients. In many of the works from literature, it is seen that actuators play a significant role in driving the costs high. Also, the designs need considerable customization for every individual patient, which makes mass production difficult. In this work, an affordable lower limb exoskeleton system is designed. This device is adaptable to the varying anthropometry of the Indian population while being affordable by the masses. Electric linear actuators are used to keep the costs low, with a simple control system. Adjustability and modularity are maintained throughout the design as an essential criterion.
Numerical Investigation on Laminar Cross-flow Around a Top Surface Heated Square Cylinder
Authors: Deepak K , Anandhavishnu V , Stephen Sujith , Ajith Kumar S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This numerical study attempts to discuss about the effects in vortex shedding and aerodynamic parameters due to heating the top surface of a square cylinder for various Ri values (0 < Ri < 1) at Pr = 0.71 and Re = 100. Numerical calculations are carried out using a finite volume method based on the PISO (Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators) algorithm. We have used ANSYS Fluent for the numerical simulation. The results in this study are promising and we found that the surface heating would rather changes or modifies the flow field and the vortex shedding phenomenon behind the square cylinder. Also it is observed that heating plays a critical role in the integral quantities such as aerodynamic coefficients, Strouhal number etc.
Experimenting to optimize topology parameters of a reinforced metal matrix composite using Taguchi technique of design of experiments
Authors: maruthur Praveen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experimental study is carried out to optimize topological parameters like wear rate and frictional force of an aluminium alloy AA2618 which is a metal matrix of composition Al-93.7%, Si-0.18%, Cu-2.30%, Mg-1.60%, Fe-1.1%, Ni-1.0%, Ti-0.07%. The aluminium alloy is reinforced with titanium di-oxide of 5% by weight. Taguchi design of experiment is used to carry out optimization study, taguchi method is he most reliable common and successful experiment technique for process performance improvement and raise quality of product. As per taguchi technique parameters chosen are sliding distance, speed and load with each property for 3 levels, so the test consists of 27 numbers according to L27 orthogonal array. Optimal parametric condition of minimum wear and frictional force are obtained through signal to noise analysis. For verification of results confirmation experiments is also conducted.
Development and fabrication of fused deposition modelling 3D printer
Authors: Wilson Samson , Thomas Rahul , Mary Nimmi , Bosco Eric Tom , Gopinath Ajith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe usage of 3d printing has been a widely applicable in various branches such as aerospace, medical, food industry and recently even in construction of houses. As we can see 3d printing has become a revolutionary invention and is becoming very common in manufacturing of various machining parts. So as we know there are various forms of 3d printing technologies and each of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantage is the quality of finishing on the 3d printed parts. Apart from this the cost of 3d printing has also been one of the major disadvantage. The purpose of this projects is to design and fabricate a 3d printer which would increase the quality of the parts manufactured and also make it cost efficient. This quality product can be achieved by decreasing the layer thickness. The other ways to increase quality of the product is fabricate the 3d printer in such a way that the temperature of the nozzle is within the given range all through the process. This project is expected to result in the fabrication of the 3d printer considering all the above features.
Heat Transfer Effect of Louvered Baffle in Jet Impingement Heat Transfer with Cross-flow
Authors: Kurian Sabu , Tide P S , Biju N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this research is to numerically investigate heat transfer characteristic of a louvered baffle assisted multi-jet impingement of air on a heated plate subjected to constant heat flux and cross flow. Two h/d configurations were considered for the present study. An array of jets with 3 x 3 configurations discharging from round orifices of diameter d=5 mm and with jet-to-target plate distance ranging from 2d to 3 d were studied. SST k-ω turbulence model was used for numerical simulation to examine the effect of blow ratio, louver angle and baffle clearance on heat transfer. Blow ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 075 and 1.0 and louver angle 30°, 45° and 60° were considered for CFD simulations. In all the cases, heat transfer increases with blow ratio and blow ratio with 1 has the maximum heat transfer. It is also noticed that heat transfer rate increases with decrease in louver angle h/d ratio.
Process parameter optimization of wire EDM on weldment of Monel 400 and AISI 316 grade steel
Authors: Hema P , Aparna K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the optimal set of input parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time and wire tension in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) on weldment of dissimilar metals of Monel 400 and AISI 316 grade steel using brass wire. This experiment describes the difference in values in material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness and kerf width with change in three process parameters. A rectangle shaped cut is made using ZNC WEDM. Each combination of parameters is considered according to the L9 Orthogonal array. Taguchi method based grey relational analysis is used and analyzed results indicated that pulse on time has a significant effect on three output parameters. 9th experiment, i.e., pulse on time at 150μs, pulse off time at 40μs, wire tension of 14 kg-f are found to be optimal process parameters.
Kinematic Modelling and Structural Analysis of a Spherical Robot: BALL-E
Authors: Tholapu Satwik , Sudheer A P , Joy M L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a spherical mobile robot which is capable of executing rolling and walking motions. The proposed robot can also transform into a quadruped based on the terrain conditions. The advantage of combining these motions in the robot is that it improves the collision recovery and manoeuvrability over multiple terrains. Various conceptual designs are developed, and concept scoring is carried out to find the best design. The kinematic analysis is presented for the chosen design using the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) method. The inverse kinematics is solved using MATLAB and the corresponding robot configurations are plotted. The structural analysis of the robot is also completed using ANSYS Workbench.
Chemical and Enzymatic transesterification of rubber seed oil – A comparative study
Authors: Joy Eldhose K , Sebastian Jilse , Eldose K K , Jithesh S R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel produced from a wide variety of vegetable oils is expected to replace diesel fuel. Conventional diesel engines are the major sources of expelling the particulate matter, soot, smoke and oxides of nitrogen to the environment which are harmful. Biodiesel is an attractive alternative fuel to replace petroleum derived diesel because it is environment friendly and can be produced from edible or non-edible vegetable oils. The conflict between food and fuel led to the identification of more than fifty non-edible oil sources for biodiesel production. Utilization of locally available non-edible oil sources for production of biodiesel reduces the cost of fuel and increases production interest. Rubber seed oil is a non-edible type vegetable oil, identified as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. This paper comprises the synthesis of biodiesel from high free fatty acid rubber seed oil through transesterification by chemical and enzymatic methods. The transesterification of rubber seed oil with chemical catalyst and enzyme catalyst were investigated in the work. The variables affecting the reaction such as molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time and temperature were analysed. Kinetic study was carried out to find the reaction constants and activation energy of both chemical and enzymatic transesterification reactions. The properties of fuel such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value and specific gravity were found out and compared with the properties of diesel. Base catalyst concentration was varied from 0.5wt% to 2wt% for alkaline transesterification process and the result revealed that maximum yield of 90% was obtained with a base catalyst concentration of 1.5wt% with 1:9 molar ratio at 55± 3°C. The best condition arise in enzymatic reaction was 10wt% enzyme and 1:4 methanol ratio with 5wt% addition of water as the solvent.
Design and analysis of a solar drier with a parabolic shaped dish type collector for drying peanut
Authors: Varghese Jobin , Rupesh S , Augustine Jithu , Nair Adithya , Prajith  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present work deals with the performance evaluation of an active indirect solar dryer integrated with a parabolic dish collector to dry peanuts. Peanut is a widely available edible seed in India, obtained from a legume crop (Arachis hypogaea) which is used either directly in food or for extracting cooking oil. The system mainly consists of a parabolic collector which is provided with an insulator made of plywood with air gaps and aluminium foil wrapping, and a drier consisting of four trays where the peanuts are dried. The flow of hot air through the tray is maintained using an exhaust fan positioned at the top of the drier. The fan exhausts the moisture extracted from the product to make the flow of air without any localization. From the analysis it is found that the parabolic dish collector generates a maximum temperature of 79 °C at 12.30 PM and dries 1.5 kilograms of peanut in 5 hours of a day. Thus, hot air from the parabolic dish concentrator reduces moisture content of peanut by 21% more than obtained from open solar drying.
Relevance of longitudinal fields of paraxial optical vortices
Authors: Forbes Kayn A , Green Dale , Jones Garth A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Longitudinal electromagnetic fields generally become comparable with the usually dominant transverse components in strongly focused, non-paraxial beams. For paraxial optical vortex modes it is highlighted here how their angular momentum properties produce longitudinal fields that in general must be accounted for. First-order longitudinal components of quantized Laguerre–Gaussian modes are derived and numerically studied with respect to the paraxial parameter, highlighting light-matter and spin-orbit interactions that stem from the longitudinal fields of paraxial beams in free space. New restrictions are cast on the validity of neglecting longitudinal fields for paraxial optical vortices interacting with atoms, molecules and other nanostructures.
Enrolment of older adults with cancer in early phase clinical trials—an observational study on the experience in the north west of England
Authors: Gomes Fabio , Descamps Tine , Lowe Jessica , Little Martin , Lauste Rosie , Krebs Matthew G , Graham Donna , Thistlethwaite Fiona , Carter Louise , Cook Natalie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
older patients represent the majority of cancer patients but are under-represented in trials, particularly early phase clinical trials (EPCTs).

Material and Methods
observational retrospective study of patients referred for EPCTs (January–December 2018) at a specialist cancer centre in the UK. The primary aim was to analyse the successful enrolment into EPCTs according to age (&lt;65/65+). The secondary aims were to identify enrolment obstacles and the outcomes of enrolled patients. Patient data were analysed at: referral; in-clinic assessment and after successful enrolment. Among patients assessed in clinic, a sample was defined by randomly matching the older cohort with the younger cohort (1:1) by tumour type.

Results
555 patients were referred for EPCTs with a median age of 60 years, of whom 471 were assessed in new patient clinics (38% were 65+). From those assessed, a randomly tumour-matched sample of 318 patients (159 per age cohort) was selected. Older patients had a significantly higher comorbidity score measured by ACE-27 (P &lt; 0.0001), lived closer to the hospital (P = 0.045) and were referred at a later point in their cancer management (P = 0.002). There was no difference in suitability for EPCTs according to age with overall 84% deemed suitable. For patients successfully enrolled into EPCTs, there was no difference between age cohorts (20.1 vs. 22.6% for younger and older, respectively; P = 0.675) and no significant differences in their safety and efficacy outcomes.

Discussion
older age did not affect the enrolment into EPCTs. However, the selected minority referred for EPCTs suggests a pre-selection upstream by primary oncologists.
REBET: a method to determine the number of cell clusters based on batch effect removal
Authors: Fang Zhao-Yu , Lin Cui-Xiang , Xu Yun-Pei , Li Hong-Dong , Xu Qing-Song 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis, a fundamental problem is to determine the number of cell clusters based on the gene expression profiles. However, the performance of current methods is still far from satisfactory, presumably due to their limitations in capturing the expression variability among cell clusters. Batch effects represent the undesired variability between data measured in different batches. When data are obtained from different labs or protocols batch effects occur. Motivated by the practice of batch effect removal, we considered cell clusters as batches. We hypothesized that the number of cell clusters (i.e. batches) could be correctly determined if the variances among clusters (i.e. batch effects) were removed. We developed a new method, namely, removal of batch effect and testing (REBET), for determining the number of cell clusters. In this method, cells are first partitioned into k clusters. Second, the batch effects among these k clusters are then removed. Third, the quality of batch effect removal is evaluated with the average range of normalized mutual information (ARNMI), which measures how uniformly the cells with batch-effects-removal are mixed. By testing a range of k values, the k value that corresponds to the lowest ARNMI is determined to be the optimal number of clusters. We compared REBET with state-of-the-art methods on 32 simulated datasets and 14 published scRNA-seq datasets. The results show that REBET can accurately and robustly estimate the number of cell clusters and outperform existing methods. Contact: H.D.L. (hongdong@csu.edu.cn) or Q.S.X. (qsxu@csu.edu.cn)
Measuring and Evaluating the Visual Complexity Of Chinese Ink Paintings
Authors: Fan Zhen-Bao , Li Yi-Na , Zhang Kang , Yu Jinhui , Huang Mao Lin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Painters arrange white space in contrast with chromatic space composed of strokes. This research measures white space, color complexity and stroke density in Chinese ink paintings and examines how these attributes influence the paintings’ perceived complexity. Empirical evidence from 21 well-known modern Chinese artists’ ink paintings shows that white space decreases paintings’ complexity, while chromatic space and stroke density increase complexity. We also reveal that a large rate of white space guides the viewers’ attention on chromatic space and enhances the impacts of color complexity and stroke density on perceived complexity. An eye-tracker measures viewers’ elaboration duration on each painting, which provides consistent evidence to validate our conclusion based on subjective reported visual complexity. Our research provides insights into the rhetorical role of white space in sensory information processing.
On the g-Extra Connectivity of the Enhanced Hypercubes
Authors: Yin Shanshan , Xu Liqiong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reliability evaluation of interconnection networks is of significant importance to the design and maintenance of interconnection networks. The extra connectivity is an important parameter for the reliability evaluation of interconnection networks and is a generalization of the traditional connectivity. Let $g\geq 0$ be an integer and $G$ be a connected graph; the $g$-extra connectivity of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set of vertices in $G$, if it exists, whose removal disconnects $G$ and leaves every component with more than $g$ vertices. Determining the $g$-extra connectivity is still an unsolved problem in many interconnection networks. Let $n$, $k$ be positive integers. Let $Q_{n,k}\, (1 \leq k \leq n-1)$ denote the $(n, k)$-enhanced hypercube. In this paper, we determine the $g$-extra connectivity of $Q_{n,k}$ is $(n+1)(g+1)-\frac{g(g+3)}{2}$ for $0\leq g\leq n-k-1$, $4\leq k\leq n-5\,(n\geq 9)$. Some previous results in [Zhang, M. and Zhou, J. (2015) On g-extra connectivity of folded hypercubes. Theor. Comput. Sci., 593, 146–153.] and [Sabir, E., Mamut, A. and Vumar, E. (2019) The extra connectivity of the enhanced hypercubes. Theor. Comput. Sci., 799, 22–31.] are extended.
Obesity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated with Early Readmissions Characterised by an Increased Systems and Patient-level Burden
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Patel Kirtenkumar , Kolli Sindhura , Lipcsey Megan , Qureshi Nabeel , Elias Sameh , Walfish Aaron , Swaminath Arun , Feuerstein Joseph D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Rates of obesity are rising in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We conducted a US population-based study to determine the effects of obesity on outcomes in hospitalised patients with IBD.

Methods
We searched the Nationwide Readmissions Database 2016-2017 to identify all adult patients hospitalised for IBD, using ICD-10 codes. We compared obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) vs non-obese [BMI &lt; 30] patients with IBD to evaluate the independent effects of obesity on readmission, mortality, and other hospital outcomes. Multivariate regression and propensity matching were performed.

Results
We identified 143 190 patients with IBD, of whom 9.1% were obese. Obesity was independently associated with higher all-cause readmission at 30 days {18% vs 13% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.16, p = 0.005)} and 90 days (29% vs 21% [aOR 1.27, p &lt; 0.0001]), as compared with non-obese patients, with similar findings upon a propensity-matched sensitivity analysis. Obese and non-obese patients had similar risks of mortality on index admission [0.24% vs 0.31%, p = 0.18] and readmission [1.5% vs 1.8% p = 0.3]. Obese patients had longer [5.3 vs 4.9 days] and more expensive [USD12,195 vs USD11,154] hospitalisations on index admission. Obesity did not affect the risk of intestinal surgery or bowel obstruction. Compared with index admissions, readmissions were characterised by increased mortality [6-fold], health care use, and bowel obstruction [3-fold] [all p &lt; 0.0001].

Conclusions
Obesity in IBD appears to be associated with increased early readmission, characterised by a higher burden, despite the introduction of weight-based therapeutics. Prevention of obesity should be a focus in the treatment of IBD to decrease readmission and health care burden.