bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heatwave‐induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators
Authors: Arimitsu Mayumi L. , Piatt John F. , Hatch Scott , Suryan Robert M. , Batten Sonia , Bishop Mary Anne , Campbell Rob W. , Coletti Heather , Cushing Dan , Gorman Kristen , Hopcroft Russell R. , Kuletz Kathy J. , Marsteller Caitlin , McKinstry Caitlin , McGowan David , Moran John , Pegau Scott , Schaefer Anne , Schoen Sarah , Straley Jan , von Biela Vanessa R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016, abundance and quality of several key forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska were simultaneously reduced throughout the system. Capelin (Mallotus catervarius), sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), and herring (Clupea pallasii) populations were at historically low levels, and within this community abrupt declines in portfolio effects identify trophic instability at the onset of the heatwave. Although compensatory changes in age structure, size, growth or energy content of forage fish were observed to varying degrees among all these forage fish, none were able to fully mitigate adverse impacts of the heatwave, which likely included both top‐down and bottom‐up forcing. Notably, changes to the demographic structure of forage fish suggested size‐selective removals typical of top‐down regulation. At the same time, changes in zooplankton communities may have driven bottom‐up regulation as copepod community structure shifted toward smaller, warm water species, and euphausiid biomass was reduced owing to the loss of cold‐water species. Mediated by these impacts on the forage fish community, an unprecedented disruption of the normal pelagic food web was signaled by higher trophic level disruptions during 2015–2016, when seabirds, marine mammals, and groundfish experienced shifts in distribution, mass mortalities, and reproductive failures. Unlike decadal‐scale variability underlying ecosystem regime shifts, the heatwave appeared to temporarily overwhelm the ability of the forage fish community to buffer against changes imposed by warm water anomalies, thereby eliminating any ecological advantages that may have accrued from having a suite of coexisting forage species with differing life‐history compensations.
Variations in ion transportation and accumulation in alfalfa plants under NaCl and Na2HCO3 stresses with different pH levels
Authors: Wang Xiaoshan , Liu Longyang , Wang Bingsheng , Dingxuan Qiyue , Zhou Guisheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor revealing the effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress at different pH levels on the absorption and accumulation of main ions in roots, stems and leaves, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants were cultivated in a nutrient solution system. After NaCl and Na2HCO3 imposition, the contents of main ions in roots, stems, leaves and xylem bleeding sap were determined. Under NaCl and Na2HCO3 stresses with the same Na+ concentration, Na2HCO3 stress showed severer inhibitory effects on alfalfa growth in contrast to NaCl stress at different pH levels. Under NaCl stresses at different pH levels, alfalfa plants showed much lower Na+ accumulation and Na+ delivery rate in root bleeding sap than that under NaHCO3 stress. The plants of NaHCO3 stress showed a severer inhibition in K+ accumulation, lower K+ delivery rate, but higher Na+/K+ ratios than the plants of NaCl stress. NaHCO3 stress increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ accumulation in alfalfa roots, decreased Ca2+ and Mg2+ delivery rates and increased leaf Na+/Ca2+ ratio and Na+/Mg2+ ratio. Both NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses decreased the contents of Fe3+ and Mn2+ in roots, but increased the contents of Cu2+ in roots, stems and leaves, the content of Mn2+ in stems and leaf Zn2+ content in alfalfa plants. However, the contents of Fe3+ and Mn2+ in roots and stem Mn2+ content in the NaHCO3 treatments were much lower than those in the NaCl treatments. In conclusion, NaHCO3 stress produced severer injury and induced severer Na+ toxicity to alfalfa plants than NaCl stress. The effects of NaHCO3 stress and NaCl stress on the absorption and accumulation of trophic ions were different. Under NaCl stress, the increased pH did not alter Na+ absorption and accumulation in plants, but altered the distribution of some nutrient ions in roots, stems and leaves.
Arachnoiditis, a complication of epidural blood patch for the treatment of low‐pressure headache: A case report and systematic review
Authors: Villani Linda A. , Digre Kathleen B. , Cortez Melissa M. , Bokat Christina , Rassner Ulrich A. , Ozudogru Seniha N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of arachnoiditis as a complication of epidural blood patch procedures and to systematically review the diagnostic workup, clinical outcomes, and treatment modalities reported in the literature.BackgroundEpidural blood patching is an effective treatment for low‐pressure headache secondary to spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak or iatrogenic post‐dural puncture. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is believed to be a rare headache disorder, but recently has been diagnosed at higher frequencies, making it an important differential diagnosis for intractable headaches. Arachnoiditis has surfaced as a rare complication of epidural blood patching. Symptom presentation does not always correlate with evidence of meningeal enhancement on imaging. Optimal methods for treatment remain largely unknown.MethodsDatabases Embase and PubMed were searched for all published studies on arachnoiditis post‐epidural blood patch using a combination of the following medical subject headings and keywords: arachnoiditis, arachnoid inflammation, adverse event, and epidural blood patch. All original English‐language articles that described arachnoid and/or meningeal inflammation in conjunction with epidural blood patch procedures were included for analysis. Title and abstract screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers.ResultsSeven other cases of arachnoiditis post‐blood patch placement have been documented, most of which were diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging. Six of these were a result of a spinal‐epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery. Common symptoms reported were headache, back and radicular pain, paresthesia, and motor weakness. There are currently no proven consensus‐based treatment recommendations available. While intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisone taper was found to be effective in the case presented, the benefit of other multi‐modal therapies was unclear.ConclusionsHeadache specialists who treat postural headache should be aware of arachnoiditis as a potentially severe complication of epidural blood patch. The case presented is the first of its kind to report arachnoiditis as a complication of high‐volume blood patch for the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. More studies are required to determine suitable treatment options for post‐epidural blood patch arachnoiditis.
Differences in emotional reactions of Greek, Hungarian, and British users of English when watching television in English
Authors: Dewaele Jean‐Marc , Lorette Pernelle , Rolland Louise , Mavrou Irini 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigated differences in self‐reported Emotional Reactions (ER) of first (L1) and foreign (LX) language users of English when watching television in English and identified the predictors. Participants were 271 British citizens, 282 Greek, and 271 Hungarians living in their home country. English LX users had significantly lower values for ER compared to L1 users. Frequency of watching television in English and Trait Emotional Intelligence were the strongest predictors of ER among LX users. No significant predictors emerged for L1 users. Significant differences emerged between the Greeks and Hungarians despite having similar levels of proficiency. This suggests that the implicit assumption in previous research that any group of LX users with the same L1 and LX represent all LX users in the world is incorrect.
Exploring the meanings and grammatical functions of idioms in teaching Chinese as a second language
Authors: Wang Shan , Luo Huiting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIdioms are an important part of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL), but current research on the meanings and grammatical functions of idioms is still quite weak. This study selected commonly used idioms in TCSL, extracted sentences containing these idioms from large‐scale modern Chinese corpora, and manually annotated the meaning and grammatical functions of each idiom in these sentences. It then analyzed the characteristics of the idioms in TCSL and revealed the importance of meanings and grammatical functions in idiom teaching. This study further examined the problems of the idioms in textbooks and learner's dictionaries, proposed methods and principles for setting example sentences, and introduced how to carry out idiom teaching. This research not only provides theoretical and practical references for Chinese language teachers and learners, but also helps to promote the development of textbook editing, dictionary compilation, and idiom teaching.
Modelling perceived service quality and turnover intentions in gender‐segregated environments
Authors: Olya Hossein , Taheri Babak , Farmaki Anna , Joseph Gannon Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study extends current understanding of how gender shapes value co‐creation, perceived service quality and turnover intention within health and fitness clubs. Survey responses were collected from 485 fitness club customers in Iran. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was deployed to demonstrate the effects of predictor variables while fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to identify combinations of value co‐creation behaviours capable of predicting model outcomes. Necessary condition analysis (NCA) was also employed to identify the value co‐creation factors required to achieve low turnover intentions and high service quality perceptions. Results reveal the moderating role of gender in shaping the complex combinations of value co‐creation factors leading to low turnover and high perceived quality; fsQCA findings demonstrate how this differs between male and female consumers. NCA findings suggest that fitness club managers should foster an interactive environment through advocacy programmes, promoting responsible behaviours andwboosting tolerance, to encourage both male and female customers to participate in co‐creation processes. This is the first empirical study to apply complexity theory to explore whether service quality perceptions and turnover intentions vary across gender via structural and configurational modelling.
Efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of KRP‐116D (50% dimethyl sulfoxide solution) for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in Japanese patients: A multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical study
Authors: Yoshimura Naoki , Homma Yukio , Tomoe Hikaru , Otsuka Atsushi , Kitta Takeya , Masumori Naoya , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Niimi Aya , Mitsui Takahiko , Nanri Masaharu , Namima Takashige , Takei Mineo , Yamaguchi Akito , Sekiguchi Yuki , Kajiwara Mitsuru , Kobayashi Shinya , Ameda Kaname , Ohashi Yozo , Sakamoto Sadaaki , Muraki Osamu , Shishido Toshihide , Kageyama Shinji , Kokura Koji , Okazoe Homare , Yamanishi Tomonori , Watanabe Toyohiko , Uno Takashi , Ohinata Akira , Ueda Tomohiro 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical KRP‐116D, 50% dimethyl sulfoxide solution compared with placebo, in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients.MethodsJapanese interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients with an O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index score of ≥9, who exhibited the bladder‐centric phenotype of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome diagnosed by cystoscopy and bladder‐derived pain, were enrolled. Patients were allocated to receive either KRP‐116D (n = 49) or placebo (n = 47). The study drug was intravesically administered every 2 weeks for 12 weeks.ResultsFor the primary endpoint, the change in the mean O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index score from baseline to week 12 was −5.2 in the KRP‐116D group and −3.4 in the placebo group. The estimated difference between the KRP‐116D and placebo groups was −1.8 (95% confidence interval −3.3, −0.3; P = 0.0188). Statistically significant improvements for KRP‐116D were also observed in the secondary endpoints including O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index score, micturition episodes/24 h, voided volume/micturition, maximum voided volume/micturition, numerical rating scale score for bladder pain, and global response assessment score. The adverse drug reactions were mild to moderate, and manageable.ConclusionsThis first randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial shows that KRP‐116D improves symptoms, voiding parameters, and global response assessment, compared with placebo, and has a well‐tolerated safety profile in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients with the bladder‐centric phenotype.
Prognostic significance of tertiary Gleason pattern in the contemporary era of Gleason grade grouping: A narrative review
Authors: Taguchi Satoru , Morikawa Teppei , Shibahara Junji , Fukuhara Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince the Gleason score was developed in 1966 as a histological classification for prostate cancer, it has been widely used in clinical practice and has evolved over time. The concept of a “tertiary Gleason pattern” (also known as a minor Gleason pattern) was first proposed in 2000, and has been used in clinical practice since the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology conference. The prognostic significance of a tertiary Gleason pattern has been widely validated in various settings of prostate cancer, whereas its definition has yet to be fully established. Currently, a provisional definition of tertiary Gleason pattern is “<5% Gleason pattern 4 or 5 in radical prostatectomy specimens.” In contrast, “Gleason grade grouping” was proposed in 2013 and came into use in clinical practice in 2016 according to the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology conference. Although the prognostic significance of Gleason grade grouping has already been widely confirmed, it does not incorporate the concept of tertiary Gleason pattern. Recently, the 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology conference discussed how to handle tertiary Gleason pattern in the current Gleason scoring system, but no consensus was reached on the issue. This review summarizes the evidence on the prognostic significance of tertiary Gleason pattern and discusses how to deal with it in the context of the contemporary Gleason grade grouping. It also refers to reporting of the percentage of Gleason patterns 4 and 5, as well as quantitative Gleason score models incorporating tertiary Gleason pattern.
La transition verte: analyser la croissance de l'emploi vert
Authors: SOFRONIOU Nick , ANDERSON Pauline 
Published: February 2021

RésuméLes auteurs estiment le nombre des emplois verts en Écosse et analysent son évolution dans le temps en s'appuyant sur les données de l'Enquête sur la main‐d'œuvre du Royaume‐Uni (2011‐2014) et en croisant deux systèmes de classification professionnelle (CITP‐08 et O*NET). Leur cadre méthodologique est transposable à n'importe quelle région. Ils montrent qu'il vaut mieux retenir une définition large des emplois verts, plutôt qu'une définition étroite, pour mesurer correctement l'impact de la transition verte sur l'emploi en général. Ils concluent par ailleurs qu'il faudrait s'intéresser davantage à la qualité des emplois verts et au caractère inclusif de la croissance de l'emploi vert.
Unexpected high frequency of early mortality in COVID‐19: a single‐centre experience during the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: Consuegra Diana , Seidner‐Isaacs Yoshua , Larios‐Sanjuan Didier , Ibarra Julieth , Benavides‐Rodríguez Pedro , Viloria Samir , Buendía Emiro , Viasus Diego 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the high frequency of early mortality in COVID‐19 patients (48.6% of 72 deaths). Early deaths were not explained by differences in age, sex and comorbidities, but they had a more severe disease at hospital admission compared with late deaths. These data highlight the importance of outpatient monitoring for the early identification of COVID‐19 patients who require hospital admission.
Residential aged care facility COVID‐19 outbreaks and magnitude of spread among residents: observations from a Victorian residential in‐reach service
Authors: Viray Paul , Low Zi , Sinnappu Rabindra , Harvey Penelope A. , Brown Sandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity of Australian literature exploring the spread of COVID‐19 among residents living in residential aged care facilities (RACF). In this case series of COVID‐19 outbreaks in six RACF, we collected data on the cumulative proportion of residents who tested positive for COVID‐19 within 21 days of the index case being identified. We describe the observations of a Residential In‐Reach service within these six RACF and found that rapid cohorting strategies, personal protective equipment availability and adequacy of use, embedded infection control staff, and adequate outbreak preparedness plans may have influenced the differences observed between RACF in the containment and minimisation of the spread of COVID‐19 amongst residents.
The causal relationship between remittance and poverty in South Africa: A multivariate approach
Authors: Musakwa Mercy T. , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to investigate the causality between international remittance inflows and poverty in South Africa using time series data from 1980 to 2017. The study was motivated by the increasing role of remittances in poverty reduction and human development on the one hand, and the burgeoning inflow of remittances on the other hand. Since 1998, South Africa remittance inflows have shown a more or less upward trend. As an example, in 1998, the country recorded an increase in remittance inflows of 18.5 per cent and later maintained a steady increase in remittance inflows with an average increase of 25.3 per cent during the period 1999 ‐2017. Using a multivariate Granger‐causality model, our results show that there is a distinct unidirectional causal flow from poverty to remittances in the short term when the infant mortality rate is used as a proxy for poverty. However, when household consumption expenditure is used as a proxy, no causality is found to prevail in both the short and the long term. Policy implications are discussed.
Surgical site infection after posterior lumbar interbody fusion and instrumentation in patients with lumbar degenerative disease
Authors: Pei Honglei , Wang Haiying , Chen Meiyun , Ma Lei , Liu Guobin , Ding Wenyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe designed this retrospective study with aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and instrumentation in patients with lumbar degenerative disease. Eligible patients treated between January 2016 and June 2019 were included. Electronic medical records were inquired for data extraction and collection. Patients with SSI and without SSI were compared using the univariate analyses, and the association between variables and risk of SSI was investigated using multivariate logistics regression analyses. Among 1269 patients, 43 were found to have SSI, indicating a rate of 3.4%. Microbiological culture tests showed 88.4% patients had a positive result. Four SSIs were caused by mixed bacterial, and the remaining 34 by single bacteria. Multiple drug‐resistant strains were detected in 25 (65.8%) SSIs, with meticillin‐resistant coagulase‐negative staphylococcus (MRCNS) predominating (12, 48.0%). ASA III and above (odd ratio (OR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 3.07), preoperative stay (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.23), heart disease (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.24 to 6.71), diabetes mellitus (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.66 to 6.47) and renal insufficiency (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.26 to 10.21), prolonged prophylactic antibiotics use (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 2.30 to 8.54), and the reduced lymphocyte count (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.03 to 4.33) were identified as independent risk factors associated with SSI. These factors, although most not modifiable, should be kept in mind, optimised for surgical conditions, or readily adjusted in the future postoperative management of antibiotics, to reduce postoperative SSIs.
Viability of the Serengeti Cheetah Population
Authors: Kelly Marcella J. , Durant Sarah M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost recent population viability analyses, especially those of long‐lived species, rely on only a few years of data or data from a closely related species, combined with educated guesswork, to estimate model parameters and the variability surrounding those measures. This makes their conclusions or predictions difficult to evaluate. In our study, we used 20 years of demographic data on Serengeti cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)to conduct a population viability analysts. First we constructed a model of the deterministic growth rate and found that the cheetah population is nearly self‐replacing (λ = 0.997). Our model showed that population growth was most strongly influenced by adult survival, followed by juvenile survival, which is typical of long‐lived, iteroparous species. We then examined extinction risk and long‐term projections of cheetah population size with our stochastic model, Popgen. We compared the projections with over 20 years of field data and found that demographic stochasticity trials produced a stable population size, whereas environmental stochasticity trials were slightly more pessimistic. Extinction risk was highly sensitive to both adult survival and juvenile survival (from 0‐1 years). Decreasing the variance in survival rates also decreased extinction risk. Because lions are the major predator on cheetah cubs, we used our demographic records to simulate the effect of different lion numbers on juvenile survival. High lion abundance and average lion abundance resulted in extinction of nearly all cheetah populations by 50 years, whereas with low lion abundance most cheetah populations remained extant. Conservation of cheetahs may not rely solely on their protection inside national parks, but may also rely on their protection in natural areas outside national parks where other large predators are absent.
Cognitive Enhancement and the Value of Cognitive Achievement
Authors: Wang Ju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCognitive enhancement has an increasingly wider influence on our life. The main issue that concerns epistemologists is what its epistemological implications are. Adam Carter and Duncan Pritchard argue that cognitive enhancement improves cognitive achievement, but this view faces axiological objections. A worry exists that cognitive enhancement undermines achievements and erodes intellectual character. Crucially, two parties seem to talk past each other because the nature of cognitive enhancement and the value of cognitive enhancement are not clearly distinguished. To end the stand‐off between the two parties, I take insight from Gwen Bradford’s work and argue that, other things being equal, cognitive enhancement either decreases the value of cognitive achievement or undermines cognitive achievement. In the face of this threat, I further submit that we could learn to live with cognitive enhancement in an integrated way so that the lost value can be restored.