bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic Relief Response to Fluvial Incision in the Central Tibetan Plateau: Evidence From Cosmogenic 10Be
Authors: Yang Ye , Cui Li‐Feng , Xu Sheng , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Fabel Derek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFluvial incision, regarded as one of the fundamental geomorphic processes, drives the evolution of mountainous landscapes. The transitional landscape from low‐relief to high‐relief in the central Tibetan Plateau is rapidly evolving as it is influenced by river dynamics, climate change and tectonic uplift. Combining cosmogenic 10Be depth profile dating and topographic analysis, this study provides new constraints on the formation and destruction of low‐relief surfaces in the central Tibetan Plateau. We find that the high‐relief landscape in the Suoqu area (a major tributary of the upper Nu River) shows a rapid fluvial incision rate of 710 ± 70 mm kyr−1 since the late Pleistocene, while the low‐relief topography in the adjacent Xiaqiuqu area presents an order of magnitude lower incision rate of 70 ± 10 mm kyr−1. These results are consistent with the long‐term (multi‐million‐year) exhumation rates derived from low‐temperature thermochronology, suggesting that this region has experienced an evolving incision history. We interpret that the higher relief was caused by enhanced fluvial incision, and the lower relief was slowly developed by sedimentation and relatively steady low exhumation rate. The presence of a knickzone appears to mark the boundary between these differentially incising landscapes, which may be caused by rapid headward retreat and higher river discharge in the Suoqu River. The coincidence of fluvial terraces ages with climate‐driven events, in addition to paleodenudation rates, indicates that the formation of fluvial terraces in the Xiaqiuqu and Suoqu areas might be associated with the quick sedimentation of weathered materials in early warming periods.
Synchronization of Heinrich and Dansgaard‐Oeschger Events Through Ice‐Ocean Interactions
Authors: Mann Logan E. , Robel Alexander A. , Meyer Colin R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe cause of Heinrich events and their relationship with Dansgaard‐Oeschger (DO) events are not fully understood. Previous modeling studies have argued that Heinrich events result from either internal oscillations generated within ice sheets or ocean warming occurring during DO events. In this study, we present a coupled model of ice stream and ocean dynamics to evaluate the behavior of the coupled system with few degrees of freedom and minimal parameterizations. Both components of the model may oscillate independently, with stagnant versus active phases for the ice stream model and strong versus weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) phases for the ocean model. The ice sheet and ocean interact through submarine melt at the ice stream grounding line and freshwater flux into the ocean from ice sheet discharge. We show that these two oscillators have a strong tendency to synchronize, even when their interaction is weak, due to the amplification of small perturbations typical in nonlinear oscillators. In synchronized regimes with ocean‐induced melt at the ice stream grounding line, Heinrich events always follow DO events by a constant time lag. We also introduce noise into the ocean system and find that ice‐ocean interactions not only maintain a narrow distribution of timing between Heinrich and DO events, but also regulate DO event periodicity against noise in the climate system. This synchronization persists across a broad range of parameters, indicating that it is a robust explanation for Heinrich events and their timing despite the significant uncertainty associated with past ice sheet conditions.
Effect of esaxerenone on nocturnal blood pressure and natriuretic peptide in different dipping phenotypes
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Ito Sadayoshi , Itoh Hiroshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Yamakawa Satoru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are limited data on the nighttime blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of esaxerenone and its effect on N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a predictor of cardiovascular risk, according to different dipping patterns of nocturnal BP. This was a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, open-label, long-term phase 3 study of esaxerenone, a new highly selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, in patients with essential hypertension. Patients were classified by dipping pattern (extreme dippers, dippers, non-dippers, risers). Mean changes in BP, changes in dipping pattern, mean NT-proBNP levels, and percentage of patients with normal NT-proBNP levels (<55 pg/mL) at baseline and Weeks 12 and 28 were evaluated. Nighttime systolic BP decreased in all dipping pattern groups at Week 28, with the riser group showing the greatest change (−25.5 mmHg). A significant shift in dipping pattern and riser/non-dipper pattern changes to dipper/extreme dipper pattern were found from baseline to Week 28 (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of the riser pattern decreased from 14.4% to 9.8%, and that of the non-dipper pattern from 44.7% to 39.2%. The decrease in NT-proBNP from baseline to Week 28 was statistically significant in risers, non-dippers, dippers, and extreme dippers (p < 0.001, respectively). At baseline, the proportion of patients with NT-proBNP <55 pg/mL was lowest in risers versus the other dipping pattern types, but after reductions in NT-proBNP in all groups to Week 28, these differences disappeared. Long-term administration of esaxerenone may be a useful treatment option for nocturnal hypertension, especially in patients with a riser pattern.
Ultrafast optical circuit switching for data centers using integrated soliton microcombs
Authors: Raja Arslan Sajid , Lange Sophie , Karpov Maxim , Shi Kai , Fu Xin , Behrendt Raphael , Cletheroe Daniel , Lukashchuk Anton , Haller Istvan , Karinou Fotini , Thomsen Benn , Jozwik Krzysztof , Liu Junqiu , Costa Paolo , Kippenberg Tobias Jan , Ballani Hitesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the slowdown of Moore’s law, it will become increasingly challenging to efficiently scale the network in current data centers utilizing electrical packet switches as data rates grow. Optical circuit switches (OCS) represent an appealing option to overcome this issue by eliminating the need for expensive and power-hungry transceivers and electrical switches in the core of the network. In particular, optical switches based on tunable lasers and arrayed waveguide grating routers are quite promising due to the use of a passive core, which increases fault tolerance and reduces management overhead. Such an OCS-network can offer high bandwidth, low network latency and an energy-efficient and scalable data center network. To support dynamic data center workloads efficiently, however, it is critical to switch between wavelengths at nanosecond (ns) timescales. Here we demonstrate ultrafast OCS based on a microcomb and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Using a photonic integrated Si3N4 microcomb, sub-ns (<520 ps) switching along with the 25-Gbps non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and 50-Gbps four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) burst mode data transmission is achieved. Further, we use a photonic integrated circuit comprising an Indium phosphide based SOA array and an arrayed waveguide grating to show sub-ns switching (<900 ps) along with 25-Gbps NRZ burst mode transmission providing a path towards a more scalable and energy-efficient wavelength-switched network for data centers in the post Moore’s Law era.
Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology
Authors: Stangherlin Alessandra , Watson Joseph L. , Wong David C. S. , Barbiero Silvia , Zeng Aiwei , Seinkmane Estere , Chew Sew Peak , Beale Andrew D. , Hayter Edward A. , Guna Alina , Inglis Alison J. , Putker Marrit , Bartolami Eline , Matile Stefan , Lequeux Nicolas , Pons Thomas , Day Jason , van Ooijen Gerben , Voorhees Rebecca M. , Bechtold David A. , Derivery Emmanuel , Edgar Rachel S. , Newham Peter , O’Neill John S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBetween 6–20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control and tunes mammalian cell function with daily environmental cycles. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the daily variation in osmotic potential exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be counterbalanced. The mechanisms and consequences of this osmotic compensation have not been investigated before. In cultured cells and in tissue we find that compensation involves electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl− through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes confer daily variation in electrical activity. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.
Space-time crystalline order of a high-critical-temperature superconductor with intrinsic Josephson junctions
Authors: Kleiner Reinhold , Zhou Xianjing , Dorsch Eric , Zhang Xufeng , Koelle Dieter , Jin Dafei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe theoretically demonstrate that the high-critical-temperature (high-Tc) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x(BSCCO) is a natural candidate for the recently envisioned classical space-time crystal. BSCCO intrinsically forms a stack of Josephson junctions. Under a periodic parametric modulation of the Josephson critical current density, the Josephson currents develop coupled space-time crystalline order, breaking the continuous translational symmetry in both space and time. The modulation frequency and amplitude span a (nonequilibrium) phase diagram for a so-defined spatiotemporal order parameter, which displays rigid pattern formation within a particular region of the phase diagram. Based on our calculations using representative material properties, we propose a laser-modulation experiment to realize the predicted space-time crystalline behavior. Our findings bring new insight into the nature of space-time crystals and, more generally, into nonequilibrium driven condensed matter systems.
Biomimetic CO oxidation below −100 °C by a nitrate-containing metal-free microporous system
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Kovarik Libor , Derewinski Miroslaw A. , Wang Yong , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Szanyi Janos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCO oxidation is of importance both for inorganic and living systems. Transition and precious metals supported on various materials can oxidize CO to CO2. Among them, few systems, such as Au/TiO2, can perform CO oxidation at temperatures as low as −70 °C. Living (an)aerobic organisms perform CO oxidation with nitrate using complex enzymes under ambient temperatures representing an essential pathway for life, which enables respiration in the absence of oxygen and leads to carbonate mineral formation. Herein, we report that CO can be oxidized to CO2by nitrate at −140 °C within an inorganic, nonmetallic zeolitic system. The transformation of NOxand CO species in zeolite as well as the origin of this unique activity is clarified using a joint spectroscopic and computational approach.
Ketamine increases activity of a fronto-striatal projection that regulates compulsive behavior in SAPAP3 knockout mice
Authors: Davis Gwynne L. , Minerva Adelaide R. , Lario Argentina , Simmler Linda D. , Rodriguez Carolyn I. , Gunaydin Lisa A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions), is associated with dysfunction in fronto-striatal circuits. There are currently no fast-acting pharmacological treatments for OCD. However, recent clinical studies demonstrated that an intravenous infusion of ketamine rapidly reduces OCD symptoms. To probe mechanisms underlying ketamine’s therapeutic effect on OCD-like behaviors, we used the SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mouse model of compulsive grooming. Here we recapitulate the fast-acting therapeutic effect of ketamine on compulsive behavior, and show that ketamine increases activity of dorsomedial prefrontal neurons projecting to the dorsomedial striatum in KO mice. Optogenetically mimicking this increase in fronto-striatal activity reduced compulsive grooming behavior in KO mice. Conversely, inhibiting this circuit in wild-type mice increased grooming. Finally, we demonstrate that ketamine blocks the exacerbation of grooming in KO mice caused by optogenetically inhibiting fronto-striatal activity. These studies demonstrate that ketamine increases activity in a fronto-striatal circuit that causally controls compulsive grooming behavior, suggesting this circuit may be important for ketamine’s therapeutic effects in OCD.
A C. elegans model of C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD uncovers a conserved role for eIF2D in RAN translation
Authors: Sonobe Yoshifumi , Aburas Jihad , Krishnan Gopinath , Fleming Andrew C. , Ghadge Ghanashyam , Islam Priota , Warren Eleanor C. , Gu Yuanzheng , Kankel Mark W. , Brown André E. X. , Kiskinis Evangelos , Gendron Tania F. , Gao Fen-Biao , Roos Raymond P. , Kratsios Paschalis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCC in the non-coding region of C9orf72 is the most common cause of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Toxic dipeptide repeats (DPRs) are synthesized from GGGGCC via repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. Here, we develop C. elegans models that express, either ubiquitously or exclusively in neurons, 75 GGGGCC repeats flanked by intronic C9orf72 sequence. The worms generate DPRs (poly-glycine-alanine [poly-GA], poly-glycine-proline [poly-GP]) and poly-glycine-arginine [poly-GR]), display neurodegeneration, and exhibit locomotor and lifespan defects. Mutation of a non-canonical translation-initiating codon (CUG) upstream of the repeats selectively reduces poly-GA steady-state levels and ameliorates disease, suggesting poly-GA is pathogenic. Importantly, loss-of-function mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D (eif-2D/eIF2D) reduce poly-GA and poly-GP levels, and increase lifespan in both C. elegans models. Our in vitro studies in mammalian cells yield similar results. Here, we show a conserved role for eif-2D/eIF2D in DPR expression.
Iron phthalocyanine on Au(111) is a “non-Landau” Fermi liquid
Authors: Žitko R. , Blesio G. G. , Manuel L. O. , Aligia A. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paradigm of Landau’s Fermi liquid theory has been challenged with the finding of a strongly interacting Fermi liquid that cannot be adiabatically connected to a non-interacting system. A spin-1 two-channel Kondo impurity with anisotropy D has a quantum phase transition between two topologically different Fermi liquids with a peak (dip) in the Fermi level for D < Dc (D > Dc). Extending this theory to general multi-orbital problems with finite magnetic field, we reinterpret in a unified and consistent fashion several experimental studies of iron phthalocyanine molecules on Au(111) that were previously described in disconnected and conflicting ways. The differential conductance shows a zero-bias dip that widens when the molecule is lifted from the surface (reducing the Kondo couplings) and is transformed continuously into a peak under an applied magnetic field. We reproduce all features and propose an experiment to induce the topological transition.
Elevated serum levels of methylglyoxal are associated with impaired liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Michel Maurice , Hess Cornelius , Kaps Leonard , Kremer Wolfgang M. , Hilscher Max , Galle Peter R. , Moehler Markus , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Labenz Christian , Nagel Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl species that forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The binding of these AGEs to their receptor (RAGE) causes and sustains severe inflammation. Systemic inflammation is postulated to be a major driver in the progression of liver cirrhosis. However, the role of circulating MGO levels in liver cirrhosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of two dicarbonyl species, MGO and glyoxal (GO) using tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) and evaluated their association with disease severity. A total of 51 inpatients and outpatients with liver cirrhosis of mixed etiology and different disease stages were included. Elevated MGO levels were seen in an advanced stage of liver cirrhosis (p < 0.001). High MGO levels remained independently associated with impaired liver function, as assessed by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) (β = 0.448, p = 0.002) and acute decompensation (AD) (β = 0.345, p = 0.005) scores. Furthermore, MGO was positively correlated with markers of systemic inflammation (IL-6, p = 0.004) and the development of ascites (p = 0.013). In contrast, no changes were seen in GO serum levels. Circulating levels of MGO are elevated in advanced stages of liver cirrhosis and are associated with impaired liver function and liver-related parameters.
Assessment of exposure to ionizing radiation in Chernobyl tree frogs (Hyla orientalis)
Authors: Burraco Pablo , Car Clément , Bonzom Jean-Marc , Orizaola Germán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIonizing radiation can damage organic molecules, causing detrimental effects on human and wildlife health. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1986) represents the largest release of radioactive material to the environment. An accurate estimation of the current exposure to radiation in wildlife, often reduced to ambient dose rate assessments, is crucial to understand the long-term impact of radiation on living organisms. Here, we present an evaluation of the sources and variation of current exposure to radiation in breeding Eastern tree frogs (Hyla orientalis) males living in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Total absorbed dose rates in H. orientalis were highly variable, although generally below widely used thresholds considered harmful for animal health. Internal exposure was the main source of absorbed dose rate (81% on average), with 90Sr being the main contributor (78% of total dose rate, on average). These results highlight the importance of assessing both internal and external exposure levels in order to perform a robust evaluation of the exposure to radiation in wildlife. Further studies incorporating life-history, ecological, and evolutionary traits are needed to fully evaluate the effects that these exposure levels can have in amphibians and other taxa inhabiting radio-contaminated environments.
A study on the therapeutic effects of biplane skin dilator implantation in auricular reconstruction
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Lu Meng , Wang Changchen , Pan Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of biplane skin dilator implantation with those of conventional skin dilator implantation in auricular reconstruction. A total of 137 patients with microtia who met the inclusion criteria from January 2020 to April 2021 were retrospectively selected. Sixty-three patients comprised the control group and were implanted with a skin expander using the conventional method. Seventy-four patients comprised the experimental group and were implanted with a skin expander using the biplane method. Non-parametric tests were used to compare the down-moving distance of the skin dilator between the experimental group and the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the down-moving distance of the skin dilator between the experimental group and the control group (P < 0.05). The chi-square test showed no significant difference in postoperative complications between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the satisfaction rate of patients and their families between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). In this study, the treatment effect of biplane skin dilator implantation was better than that of conventional skin dilator implantation.
Desertification of Iran in the early twenty-first century: assessment using climate and vegetation indices
Authors: Eskandari Dameneh Hadi , Gholami Hamid , Telfer Matt W. , Comino Jesús Rodrigo , Collins Adrian L. , Jansen John D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRemote sensing of specific climatic and biogeographical parameters is an effective means of evaluating the large-scale desertification status of drylands affected by negative human impacts. Here, we identify and analyze desertification trends in Iran for the period 2001–2015 via a combination of three indices for vegetation (NPP—net primary production, NDVI—normalized difference vegetation index, LAI—leaf area index) and two climate indices (LST—land surface temperature, P—precipitation). We combine these indices to identify and map areas of Iran that are susceptible to land degradation. We then apply a simple linear regression method, the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test, and the Theil–Sen estimator to identify long-term temporal and spatial trends within the data. Based on desertification map, we find that 68% of Iran shows a high to very high susceptibility to desertification, representing an area of 1.1 million km2(excluding 0.42 million km2classified as unvegetated). Our results highlight the importance of scale in assessments of desertification, and the value of high-resolution data, in particular. Annually, no significant change is evident within any of the five indices, but significant changes (some positive, some negative) become apparent on a seasonal basis. Some observations follow expectations; for instance, NDVI is strongly associated with cooler, wet spring and summer seasons, and milder winters. Others require more explanation; for instance, vegetation appears decoupled from climatic forcing during autumn. Spatially, too, there is much local and regional variation, which is lost when the data are considered only at the largest nationwide scale. We identify a northwest–southeast belt spanning central Iran, which has experienced significant vegetation decline (2001–2015). We tentatively link this belt of land degradation with intensified agriculture in the hinterlands of Iran’s major cities. The spatial and temporal trends identified with the three vegetation and two climate indices afford a cost-effective framework for the prediction and management of future environmental trends in developing regions at risk of desertification.