bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous Fat Transfer Harvest-site Complications: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management
Authors: Homer Natalie A. , Patel Anika S. , Epstein Aliza , Durairaj Vikram D. , Nakra Tanuj 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
Autologous fat transfer is an effective tool for volume restoration to the aging face. Although numerous reports exist regarding injection site complications, there is limited data on donor-site morbidity in the cosmetic surgery literature.

Methods:
This study is a large-scale retrospective review to determine incidence of fat harvest-site complications, identify risk factors, and describe management strategies. Records of all patients who underwent autologous fat harvesting and facial grafting at a single oculofacial plastic surgery practice from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected and assessed. A statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed T-test with p values of <0.05 considered significant.

Results:
Four-hundred sixteen patients were followed for an average of 6.2 months postoperatively. There was an overall 5.5% harvest-site complication rate. There was no correlation of harvest-site complications with gender (p = 0.249) or age (p = 0.881). Harvest location did not significantly correlate with complication rate. The most common complications were contour irregularities, prolonged induration, and prolonged erythema. Low body mass index was associated with higher complication rate (p = 0.003), even when excluding those patients with contour irregularities (p = 0.001). Various treatment modalities were used to manage donor-site morbidity with consistent improvement.

Conclusions:
Autologous fat transfer used for facial volume augmentation has low donor-site morbidity. Minor harvest-site complications occur more commonly in patients with low body mass index, irrespective of age, gender, or fat source.
Thrombogenicity of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: A Quantitative Thrombodynamics Study
Authors: Kim Jane S. , Gonzales Luigi , Lester Jacob , Householder Nick , Boxrud Cynthia , Goldberg Robert , Ugradar Shoaib 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
At present, there is a paucity of data regarding the thrombogenicity of hyaluronic acid fillers (HAFs). This article quantitatively analyses the thrombogenicity of 2 commonly used HAFs: Restylane Lyft and Juvéderm Ultra.

Methods:
Thrombogenicity was assessed using the Thrombodynamics Analyzer System and plasma obtained from healthy controls. Following the addition of HAFs or control, spontaneous clot formation time, initial rate of clot growth, average rate of clot growth over 30 minutes, and clot size at 30 minutes was measured for each sample. The median of differences between each group were analyzed.

Results:
Nine individuals with a mean (SD) age of 37 (17) years, participated in the study. Initial rate of clot growth was significantly lower in plasma mixed with Juvéderm compared to control (p = 0.008) or Restylane (p = 0.038). The average rate of clot growth more than 30 minutes was significantly lower in both HAF groups (Restylane vs. control p = 0.038; Juvéderm vs. control p = 0.008), there was no significant difference between HAF groups (p = 0.635). Final clot size was significantly smaller with Juvéderm (p = 0.038 vs. control and p = 0.013 vs. Restylane). Spontaneous clot formation time did not significantly change with the addition of either HAF.

Conclusions:
Juvéderm significantly reduces the initial rate of clot growth, the average rate of clot growth more than 30 minutes, and clot size, whereas the addition of Restylane decreases the average rate of clot growth without affecting overall clot size in healthy individuals.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: DIPNECH
Authors: Almquist Daniel R. , Ernani Vinicius , Sonbol Mohamad Bassam 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare premalignant condition. Over the past decade, there has been increased recognition and reporting of DIPNECH in the literature. Currently, our understanding is that DIPNECH has a predilection to nonsmoking females around their sixth decade of life. The patients usually present with chronic cough, dyspnea, and computed tomography (CT) showing multifocal pulmonary nodules with associated mosaic attenuation. The clinic history is largely driven by constrictive obliterative bronchiolitis, which typically has an indolent course with progressive respiratory decline and difficult to treat symptoms.

Recent findings
DIPNECH has been found to be associated with carcinoid tumors. Recent data has found that symptomatic DIPNECH patients respond to somatostatin analog (SSA). SSAs provide improvement in symptoms and pulmonary function tests. According to small studies and case series SSAs can be used in conjunction with steroids and bronchodilators for the treatment of respiratory symptoms.

Summary
DINPNECH is a premalignant condition that can transform into carcinoid tumors. Although the recent data suggest the potential efficacy of SSA, further studies are needed to validate such results in prospective fashion in addition to investigating other therapeutic agents.
Severe pulmonary toxicity associated with inhalation of pyrethroid-based domestic insecticides (Bop/Sapolio): a case series and literature review
Authors: Vorselaars Adriane D.M. , van den Berg Paulus M. , Drent Marjolein 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
The current review focuses on serious pulmonary toxicity after inhalation of over the counter available pyrethroid-based insecticides. Pyrethroid is a synthetic product of pyrethrin, which in turn is the active ingredient of pyrethrum, a flower extract.

Recent findings
On the contrary, a large gap of knowledge exists in the association of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with pyrethroids. So far, two cases of ILD, one associated with pyrethrin and one associated with pyrethrum, were described. Existing literature on both other (pulmo)toxic effects of pyrethroids in human and animals is summarized.

Summary
We present three cases of severe pulmonary toxicity after inhalation of pyrethroid-based insecticides demanding hospitalization and oxygen therapy. One of these cases died. Although a causal relationship was hard to establish, these cases all demonstrated an obvious history of (repeated) pyrethroid exposure associated with ILD. Moreover, other causes of ILD as well as infections were excluded. Furthermore, studies in mammals as well as aquatic animals confirm (pulmonary) toxicity of pyrethroids. The occurrence of toxicity is dose-dependent but also associated with individual susceptibility. Therefore, we would like to acknowledge that awareness of potential hazards of commercially available insecticides containing pyrethroids to both medical physicians and the public is mandatory.
Adjunctive Ketamine for Sedation in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients: An Active-Controlled, Pilot, Feasibility Clinical Trial
Authors: Amer Marwa , Maghrabi Khalid , Bawazeer Mohammed , Alshaikh Kamel , Shaban Mohammad , Rizwan Muhammad , Amin Rashid , De Vol Edward , Baali Mawadah , Altewerki Malak , Bano Mehreen , Alkhaldi Fawziah , Alenazi Sanaa , Hijazi Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveKetamine has been shown to decrease sedative requirements in intensive care unit (ICU). Randomized trials are limited on patient-centered outcomes. We designed this pilot clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of using ketamine as an adjunct analgosedative compared with standard of care (SOC) alone and determine preliminary effect size on 28-day mechanical ventilation (MV) duration and ventilator-free days (VFDs).DesignPilot, single-center, active-controlled, open-label, randomized clinical trial.SettingMedical, surgical, and transplant ICUs at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia.Patients and MethodsAdult patients who were intubated within 24 hours, expected to require MV for the next calendar day, and had institutional pain and sedation protocol initiated.InterventionAdjunct ketamine infusion 1-2 μg/kg/min for 48 hours versus SOC.Measurements and Main ResultsTotal of 83 patients (43 in SOC and 40 in ketamine) were included. Demographics were balanced between groups. Median MV duration was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 3-9.25 days) in ketamine and 5 (IQR 2-8 days) in SOC, p= 0.15. Median VFDs was 19 (IQR 0-24.75 days) in ketamine and 19 (IQR 0-24 days) in the SOC (p=0.70). More patients attained goal RASS score at 24 and 48 hours in ketamine (67.5% and 73.5%, respectively) compared with SOC (52.4% and 66.7%, respectively). Sedatives and vasopressors cumulative doses, and hemodynamic changes were similar. ICU length-of-stay was 12.5 (IQR 6-21.2 days) in ketamine, compared with 12 (IQR 5.5-23 days) in SOC, p=0.89. Consent and protocol adherence rate were adequate. No serious adverse events were observed in either group.ConclusionsUse of ketamine as an adjunct analgosedative agent appeared to be feasible and safe with no negative impact on outcomes, including hemodynamics. The protocol of this pilot trial could be improved by modifying ketamine dosing regimen. These findings provide a basis for future, adequately powered, multicenter trial to investigate its association with patient-centered outcomes further.
ASSESSING HOME DELIVERY MODEL OPTION FOR IMPROVING ACCESS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTOCOL FOR A CLUSTER- RANDOMIZED TRIAL IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nnenna Ajagu , Ogochukwu Offu , Sunday Nduka , Obinna Ekwunife Ikechukwu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough different antiretroviral (ARV) agents’ delivery models have been explored in Nigeria, yet only about 55% and 35% of affected adults and children respectively are currently on these agents. This, therefore, underscores the need for the identification of newer effective antiretroviral therapy delivery models and best strategies to increase access to ARV therapy in Nigeria.Method and AnalysisThe study will be a cluster randomized controlled trial, which will be conducted in two HIV treatment centers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Participants will be randomized into intervention and control arm. Home delivery personnel will be trained to deliver the ARV drugs at 3months intervals to the homes of those in the intervention group while those in the control group (Facility-based services group) will receive ARVs at the HIV treatment hospital. The primary outcome for the trial will be the difference between groups in the proportion with HIV viral load suppression (≤20 copies/mL) by 12 months and then 24months. Secondary outcome include adherence to ARVs, the cost-effectiveness of home delivery service, and patient satisfaction.Ethics and disseminationNnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (NAUTHHREC) approved this study (NAUTH/CS/66/VOL.13/VER III/23/2020/011) with a trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, ID: PACTR202004535536808 on 8th April 2020. Study dissemination plans include holding advocacy meetings with stakeholders in HIV care, publishing study outcomes in an open-access peer-review journal, and presentation of the outcome at an international conference.Strength and Limitations of this studyThis is the first randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of the home delivery model of antiretroviral therapy.The primary outcome in this trial will be measured by assessing the difference between baseline HIV viral load and 12/24 months in both the intervention and control arm.In this study, patients will be assigned to treatment groups and non-treatment groups. This will help us to compare the effect of the home delivery model.In this study, only one state in Nigeria and two HIV/AIDS treatment hospitals in the state will be used to access the impact of the home delivery model. This may not allow for the generalization of the study findings.This study could serve as a pilot to a full-fledged national study to access the effectiveness of the home delivery model.
Randomised clinical trial of long term glutathione supplementation offers protection from oxidative damage, improves HbA1c in elderly type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Kalamkar Saurabh , Acharya Jhankar , Madathil Arjun Kolappurath , Gajjar Vijay , Divate Uma , Karandikar-Iyer Sucheta , Goel Pranay , Ghaskadbi Saroj 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSustained hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is associated with low levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage. It is therefore important to investigate whether oral GSH supplementation would restore GSH levels, and also help improve redox state and glycaemia in diabetic individuals. We conducted a pragmatic clinical trial to assess effectiveness of oral GSH supplementation along with anti-diabetic treatment. 104 non-diabetic and 250 diabetic individuals were recruited. All the 250 diabetic individuals were on anti-diabetic therapy; of these 125 were given oral GSH supplementation additionally for a period of six months. Fasting and PP glucose and insulin, HbA1c, GSH and the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG were measured at the recruitment time and after three and six months of supplementation. GSH supplementation increased blood GSH and decreased 8-OHdG significantly within three months in diabetic individuals. It also reduced HbA1c within three months and stabilized it thereafter in diabetic population overall. Patients above 55 years benefited more as evidenced by a significant decrease in HbA1c and 8-OHdG and an increase in fasting insulin. Data suggest that GSH supplementation can be used as an adjunct therapy to anti-diabetic treatment to achieve better glycemic targets, especially in elderly population.Trial registeredThis study has been registered with Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2018/01/011257)Novelty bulletsOral GSH supplementation replenishes body stores of GSH and significantly reduces oxidative DNA damage in diabetic patients over six months.HbA1c is lowered at three months and is stabilized thereafter.A significant decrease in HbA1c and elevated fasting insulin was observed in people older than 55 years.
Laser speckle contrast imaging for visualizing blood flow during cerebral aneurysm surgery: A comparison with indocyanine green angiography
Authors: Miller David R. , Ashour Ramsey , Sullender Colin T. , Dunn Andrew K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLaser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has emerged as a promising tool for intraoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring because it produces real-time full-field blood flow maps non-invasively and label-free. In this study, we compare LSCI with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) to assess CBF during aneurysm clipping surgery in humans. LSCI hardware was attached to the surgical microscope prior to the start of each surgery and did not interfere with the sterile draping of the microscope or normal operation of the microscope. LSCI and ICGA were performed simultaneously to visualize CBF inn=4 aneurysm clipping cases, and LSCI was performed throughout each surgery when the microscope was positioned over the patient. To more easily visualize CBF in real-time, LSCI images were overlaid on the built-in microscope white light camera images and displayed to the neurosurgeon in real-time. Blood flow changes before, during, and after an aneurysm clipping were visualized with LSCI and later verified with ICGA. LSCI was performed continuously throughout the aneurysm clipping process, providing the surgeon with immediate actionable information on the success of the clipping. The results demonstrate that LSCI and ICGA provide different, yet complementary information about vessel perfusion.
SARS-CoV-2 sculpts the immune system to induce sustained virus-specific naïve-like and memory B cell responses
Authors: de Campos-Mata Leire , Vaquero Sonia Tejedor , Tachó-Piñot Roser , Piñero Janet , Grasset Emilie K. , Aldea Itziar Arrieta , Melero Natalia Rodrigo , Carolis Carlo , Horcajada Juan P. , Cerutti Andrea , Villar-García Judit , Magri Giuliana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection induces virus-reactive memory B cells expressing unmutated antibodies, which hints at their emergence from naïve B cells. Yet, the dynamics of virus-specific naïve B cells and their impact on immunity and immunopathology remain unclear. Here, we longitudinally studied moderate to severe COVID-19 patients to dissect SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell responses overtime. We found a broad virus-specific antibody response during acute infection, which evolved into an IgG1-dominated response during convalescence. Acute infection was associated with increased mature B cell progenitors in the circulation and the unexpected expansion of virus-targeting naïve-like B cells that further augmented during convalescence together with virus-specific memory B cells. In addition to a transitory increase in tissue-homing CXCR3+plasmablasts and extrafollicular memory B cells, most COVID-19 patients showed persistent activation of CD4+and CD8+T cells along with transient or long-lasting changes of key innate immune cells. Remarkably, virus-specific antibodies and the frequency of naïve B cells were among the major variables defining distinct immune signatures associated with disease severity and inflammation. Aside from providing new insights into the complexity of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, our findings indicate that the de novo recruitment of mature B cell precursors into the periphery may be central to the induction of antiviral immunity.
Single-cell resolution of MET- and EMT-like programs in osteoblasts during zebrafish fin regeneration
Authors: Tang W. Joyce , Watson Claire J. , Olmstead Theresa , Allan Christopher H. , Kwon Ronald Y. 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYZebrafish regenerate fin rays following amputation through epimorphic regeneration, a process that has been proposed to involve the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to elucidate osteoblastic transcriptional programs during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. We show that osteoprogenitors are enriched with components associated with EMT and its reverse, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and provide evidence that the EMT markerscdh11andtwist2are co-expressed in dedifferentiating cells at the amputation stump at 1 dpa, and in differentiating osteoblastic cells in the regenerate, the latter of which are enriched in EMT signatures. We also show thatesrp1, a regulator of alternative splicing in epithelial cells that is associated with MET, is expressed in a subset of osteoprogenitors during outgrowth. This study provides a single cell resource for the study of osteoblastic cells during zebrafish fin regeneration, and supports the contribution of MET- and EMT-associated components to this process.
Genome sequence ofPseudopithomyces chartarum, causal agent of facial eczema (pithomycotoxicosis) in ruminants, and identification of the putative sporidesmin toxin gene cluster
Authors: Sidhu Jaspreet Singh , Suresh Vinod , Baten Abdul , McCartney Ann M. , Lear Gavin , Sprosen Jan M. , Oliver Mark H. , Forester Natasha T. , Maclean Paul H. , Palevich Nikola , Jauregui Ruy , Voisey Christine R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFacial eczema (FE) in grazing ruminants is a debilitating liver syndrome induced by ingestion of sporidesmin, a toxin belonging to the epipolythiodioxopiperazine class of compounds. Sporidesmin is produced in spores of the fungusPseudopithomyces chartarum, a microbe which colonises leaf litter in pastures. New Zealand has a high occurrence of FE in comparison to other countries as animals are fed predominantly on ryegrass, a species that supports high levels ofPse. chartarumspores. The climate is also particularly conducive forPse. chartarumgrowth. Here, we present the genome ofPse. chartarumand identify the putative sporidesmin gene cluster. ThePse. chartarumgenome was sequenced using single molecule real-time sequencing (PacBio) and gene models identified. Loci containing genes with homology to the aspirochlorine, sirodesmin PL and gliotoxin cluster genes ofAspergillus oryzae, Leptosphaeria maculansandAspergillus fumigatus, respectively, were identified by tBLASTn. We identified and annotated an epipolythiodioxopiperazine cluster at a single locus with all the functionality required to synthesise sporidesmin.HighlightsThe whole genome ofPseudopithomyces chartarumhas been sequenced and assembled.The genome is 39.13 Mb, 99% complete, and contains 11,711 protein coding genes.A putative sporidesmin A toxin (cause of facial eczema) gene cluster is described.The genomes ofPse. chartarumand theLeptosphaerulina chartarumteleomorph differ.Comparative genomics is required to further resolve thePseudopithomycesclade.
Factorization-based Imputation of Expression in Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis (FIESTA) recovers Gene-Cell-State relationships
Authors: Mehrabad Elnaz Mirzaei , Bhaskara Aditya , Spike Benjamin T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a gene expression profiling technique that is presently revolutionizing the study of complex cellular systems in the biological sciences. Existing scRNA-seq methods suffer from sub-optimal target recovery leading to inaccurate measurements including many false negatives. The resulting ‘zero-inflated’ data may confound data interpretation and visualization. Since cells have coherent phenotypes defined by conserved molecular circuitries (i.e. multiple gene products working together) and since similar cells utilize similar circuits, information about each expression value or ‘node’ in a multi-cell, multi-gene scRNA-seq data set is expected to also be predictable from other nodes in the data set. Based on this logic, several approaches have been proposed to impute missing values in a data set by extracting information from its non-zero measurements. In this study, we apply non-negative matrix factorization to a selection of published scRNA-seq data sets followed by multiplication of the factor matrices to generate idealized ‘completed’ model versions of the data. From the model matrices, we recommend new values where original measurements are likely to be inaccurate and where ‘zero’ measurements are predicted to be false negatives. The resulting imputed data model predicts novel type markers and expression patterns that match orthogonal measurements and field literature better than those obtained from pre-imputation data or alternative imputation strategies.Contactbenjamin.spike@hci.utah.eduAvailability and implementationFIESTA is written in R and is available athttps://github.com/elnazmirzaei/FIESTAandhttps://github.com/TheSpikeLab/FIESTA.Author summaryIn this work, we develop FIESTA, a novel, unsupervised, mathematical approach to impute missing values in scRNA-seq data. For each dataset, we use parts-based, non-negative matrix factorization to break the cells-by-genes expression matrix into optimized component matrices and then multiply these component matrices to generate an idealized, ‘completed’ matrix. The completed matrix has many of the null values filled in because the optimized low rank factors from which it is generated, take multiple cells into account when estimating a particular component, including some cells with positive expression values for genes which are false negatives in other related cells. We also implement scaling and thresholding approaches based on intrinsic data topology for improved interpretability and graphical representation. Overall, FIESTA performs favorably relative to alternative imputation approaches and uncovers gene-gene and gene-cell relationships that are occluded in the raw data. The FIESTA computational pipeline is freely available for download and use by other researchers analyzing scRNA-seq data or other sparse data sets.