bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a smartphone application-based intervention for encouraging children’s healthy eating in Denmark
Authors: Ragelienė Tija , Aschemann-Witzel Jessica , Grønhøj Alice 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The growing rates of childhood obesity constitute a public health challenge worldwide. Therefore it is important to identify effective and widely applicable interventions to prevent it. This study aims to explore children’s experience of using a newly developed smartphone application (app) designed to promote healthy eating and evaluate its efficacy on encouraging healthy eating. First, two focus groups were conducted to explore children’s experience of using the app. Then, a quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the app’s efficacy. The children were asked to use the app for three months. Afterwards, the effect of the intervention was evaluated. 118 children aged 9 to 13 years (M=10.9, Sd=1.1) participated in the study. The children’s experience of using the app was relatively positive, and they found the app easy to use. A significant increase in fruit (η2=.10) and vegetable preferences (η2=.37) and fruit intake (η2=.06) was found in the experimental group. No effects were found for vegetable intake, selfefficacy for healthy eating, or peer norms for healthy and unhealthy eating (p&gt;0.05). The smartphone app-based intervention could potentially serve as an attractive and low-cost intervention to reach a wide population of children for the promotion of healthy eating and prevention of childhood obesity.
Human photoreceptor cells from different macular subregions have distinct transcriptional profiles
Authors: Voigt Andrew P , Mullin Nathaniel K , Whitmore S Scott , DeLuca Adam P , Burnight Erin R , Liu Xiuying , Tucker Budd A , Scheetz Todd E , Stone Edwin M , Mullins Robert F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The human neural retina is a light sensitive tissue with remarkable spatial and cellular organization. Compared with the periphery, the central retina contains more densely packed cone photoreceptor cells with unique morphologies and synaptic wiring. Some regions of the central retina exhibit selective degeneration or preservation in response to retinal disease and the basis for this variation is unknown. In this study, we used both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing to compare gene expression within concentric regions of the central retina. We identified unique gene expression patterns of foveal cone photoreceptor cells, including many foveal-enriched transcription factors. In addition, we found that the genes RORB1, PPFIA1 and KCNAB2 are differentially spliced in the foveal, parafoveal and macular regions. These results provide a highly detailed spatial characterization of the retinal transcriptome and highlight unique molecular features of different retinal regions.
Recommendations for interpreting zooplankton metabarcoding and integrating molecular methods with morphological analyses
Authors: Matthews Stephanie A , Goetze Erica , Ohman Mark D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metabarcoding of zooplankton communities is becoming more common, but molecular results must be interpreted carefully and validated with morphology-based analyses, where possible. To evaluate our metabarcoding approach within the California Current Ecosystem, we tested whether physical subsampling and PCR replication affects observed community composition; whether community composition resolved by metabarcoding is comparable to morphological analyses by digital imaging; and whether pH neutralization of ethanol with ammonium hydroxide affects molecular diversity. We found that (1) PCR replication was important to accurately resolve alpha diversity and that physical subsampling can decrease sensitivity to rare taxa; (2) there were significant correlations between relative read abundance and proportions of carbon biomass for most taxonomic groups analyzed, but such relationships showed better agreement for the more dominant taxonomic groups; and (3) ammonium hydroxide in ethanol had no effect on molecular diversity. Together, these results indicate that with appropriate replication, paired metabarcoding and morphological analyses can characterize zooplankton community structure and biomass, and that metabarcoding methods are to some extent indicative of relative community composition when absolute measures of abundance or biomass are not available.
Circulating Regulatory T Cells Expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 Contribute to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression in Patients During Septic Shock
Authors: Gaborit Benjamin Jean , Chaumette Tanguy , Chauveau Marie , Asquier-Khati Antoine , Roquilly Antoine , Boutoille David , Josien Régis , Salomon Benoit L , Asehnoune Karim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Septic shock remains a major cause of death that can be complicated by long-term impairment in immune function. Among regulatory T (Treg) cells, the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 positive (TNFR2pos) Treg-cell subset endorses significant immunosuppressive functions in human tumors and a sepsis mouse model but has not been investigated during septic shock in humans.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled patients with septic shock hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU). We performed immunophenotyping and functional tests of CD4+ T cells, Treg cells, and TNFR2pos Treg cells on blood samples collected 1, 4, and 7 days after admission to ICU.

Results
We investigated 10 patients with septic shock compared to 10 healthy controls. Although the proportions of circulating Treg cells and TNFR2pos Treg-cell subsets were not increased, their CTLA4 expression and suppressive functions in vitro were increased at 4 days of septic shock. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors cultured with serum from septic shock patients had increased CTLA4 expression in TNFR2pos Treg cells compared to TNFR2neg Treg cells.

Conclusions
In patients with septic shock, CTLA4 expression and suppressive function were increased in circulating TNFR2pos Treg cells. We identify TNFR2pos Treg cells as a potential attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
Impact of trace mineral source on beef replacement heifer growth, reproductive development, and biomarkers of maternal recognition of pregnancy and embryo survival
Authors: Perry George A , Perkins Stephanie D , Northrop Emmalee J , Rich Jerica J J , Epperson Kaitlin M , Andrews Taylor N , Kline Adalaide C , Quail Lacey K , Walker Julie A , Wright Cody L , Russell Jason R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Trace minerals are known to play important roles in early embryo development. The study objective was to determine effects of trace mineral source on heifer reproductive performance. Beef heifers (n = 129) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments. From weaning through breeding, all heifers were individually fed a basal diet supplemented with cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) either from organic sources (COMP; Cu, Mn, and Zn amino acid complexes and Co glucoheptonate; Availa-4, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) or inorganic sources (INORG; Cu, Mn, and Zn hydroxychlorides; Intellibond C, M, and Z, Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN) and Co as CoSO4. Blood samples and a reproductive tract score (RTS) were collected to determine pubertal status. All animals were synchronized and artificially inseminated. Pregnancy status was determined by lymphocyte gene expression, circulating concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs), and by transrectal ultrasonography after artificial insemination. Embryonic loss was defined as when a previously pregnant animal was subsequently diagnosed not pregnant. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS. Puberty (P = 0.44), pelvic area (P = 0.74), RTS (P = 0.49), and estrus expression (P = 0.82) were not influenced by treatment. There was no effect of treatment (P = 0.37) or treatment by time (P = 0.19) on pregnancy, but there was a tendency (P = 0.13) for decreased embryonic loss among COMP heifers (27 ± 6%) compared to INORG heifers (38 ± 6%). There was a treatment by pregnancy status by time interaction (P &lt; 0.01) on circulating PAG concentrations with PAG concentrations tending (P = 0.08) to be greater on day 25 among heifers in the COMP treatment compared to heifers in the INORG group. In summary, source of trace mineral did not affect puberty, RTS, pelvic area, or overall pregnancy success, but feeding complexed trace minerals tended to increase circulating PAG concentrations and embryo survival.
656 Autologous Skin Cell Suspension is Associated with Decreased Hospital Length of Stay and Limited Surgical Interventions
Authors: Qumsiyeh Yazen , Kopari Nicole M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Hospital length of stay is a measure of burn care quality and resource allocation. Traditionally, the average length of stay (LOS) for patients with burns is estimated at 1 day/% total body surface area (TBSA) although the 2016 American Burn Association National Burn Repository predicts closer to 3 days/%TBSA. Recent literature has shown that application of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) is associated with decreased hospital LOS and therefore is considered economically advantageous. Our study evaluated the LOS as it related to TBSA as well as the number of operations in patients treated with ASCS.

Methods
This is a single institution, retrospective review of burn patients at an American Burn Associated verified burn center admitted from August 2019 - August 2020 who underwent epidermal autografting. Patients were treated for partial thickness and full thickness burns either with epidermal grafting alone or in combination with widely meshed skin grafting. Demographics included age and sex of patient. The TBSA, LOS, number of operations, and re-admission rates were also collected.

Results
A total of 52 patients were included in the review. 73% were male with an average age of 42 years (range 15 months to 88 years. The patients were stratified into 4 different categories based on their burn TBSA: 0-10% (n=25), 11-20% (n=16), 21-30% (n=5), and &gt;30% (n=6). The average number of operations increased with %TBSA (0-10%=1, 11-20%=1, 21-30%=2, &gt;30%=4). The average LOS overall was 0.9 days/%TBSA (0-10%=1.0, 11-20%=0.7, 21-30%=0.9, &gt;30%=0.8). Only one patient required re-admission after the first dressing takedown and underwent a second application of ASCS with subsequent healing. No patients required reconstructive surgery.

Conclusions
Burn patients treated with ASCS continue to demonstrate a decreased LOS/%TBSA and an overall decrease in the number of operations. The most significant impact may be noted as burn size increases.
The Patentability of Computer-Implemented Simulations and Implications for Computer-Implemented Inventions (CIIs)
Authors: Minssen Timo , Aboy Mateo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
G 1/19 (Simulations), Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, 10 March 2021
The Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) held that a computer-implemented simulation of a technical system or process which is claimed as such can, for the purpose of assessing inventive step, solve a technical problem by producing a technical effect going beyond the simulation’s implementation on a computer; and that the established case law on computer-implemented inventions (COMVIK approach) applies to computer-implemented simulations even if these do not have an output having a direct link with physical reality.
Novel Biomarkers of Habitual Alcohol Intake and Associations With Risk of Pancreatic and Liver Cancers and Liver Disease Mortality
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Stepien Magdalena , Viallon Vivian , Trijsburg Laura , Rothwell Joseph A , Robinot Nivonirina , Biessy Carine , Bergdahl Ingvar A , Bodén Stina , Schulze Matthias B , Bergman Manuela , Weiderpass Elisabete , Schmidt Julie A , Zamora-Ros Raul , Nøst Therese H , Sandanger Torkjel M , Sonestedt Emily , Ohlsson Bodil , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , Ricceri Fulvio , Tjønneland Anne , Dahm Christina C , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Trichopoulou Antonia , Tumino Rosario , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Masala Giovanna , Ardanaz Eva , Vermeulen Roel , Brennan Paul , Albanes Demetrius , Weinstein Stephanie J , Scalbert Augustin , Freedman Neal D , Gunter Marc J , Jenab Mazda , Sinha Rashmi , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Ferrari Pietro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol is an established risk factor for several cancers, but modest alcohol-cancer associations may be missed because of measurement error in self-reported assessments. Biomarkers of habitual alcohol intake may provide novel insight into the relationship between alcohol and cancer risk.MethodsUntargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites correlated with self-reported habitual alcohol intake in a discovery dataset from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; n = 454). Statistically significant correlations were tested in independent datasets of controls from case-control studies nested within EPIC (n = 280) and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC; n = 438) study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of alcohol-associated metabolites and self-reported alcohol intake with risk of pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cancer, and liver disease mortality in the contributing studies.ResultsTwo metabolites displayed a dose-response association with self-reported alcohol intake: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid and an unidentified compound. A 1-SD (log2) increase in levels of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid was associated with risk of HCC (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.51 to 4.27) and pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.99) in EPIC and liver cancer (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.44 to 2.77) and liver disease mortality (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.63 to 2.86) in ATBC. Conversely, a 1-SD (log2) increase in questionnaire-derived alcohol intake was not associated with HCC or pancreatic cancer in EPIC or liver cancer in ATBC but was associated with liver disease mortality (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.98) in ATBC.Conclusions2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is a candidate biomarker of habitual alcohol intake that may advance the study of alcohol and cancer risk in population-based studies.
Human tRNAs with inosine 34 are essential to efficiently translate eukarya-specific low-complexity proteins
Authors: Torres Adrian Gabriel , Rodríguez-Escribà Marta , Marcet-Houben Marina , Santos Vieira Helaine Graziele , Camacho Noelia , Catena Helena , Murillo Recio Marina , Rafels-Ybern Àlbert , Reina Oscar , Torres Francisco Miguel , Pardo-Saganta Ana , Gabaldón Toni , Novoa Eva Maria , Ribas de Pouplana Lluís 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The modification of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position (I34) of tRNA anticodons is an abundant and essential feature of eukaryotic tRNAs. The expansion of inosine-containing tRNAs in eukaryotes followed the transformation of the homodimeric bacterial enzyme TadA, which generates I34 in tRNAArg and tRNALeu, into the heterodimeric eukaryotic enzyme ADAT, which modifies up to eight different tRNAs. The emergence of ADAT and its larger set of substrates, strongly influenced the tRNA composition and codon usage of eukaryotic genomes. However, the selective advantages that drove the expansion of I34-tRNAs remain unknown. Here we investigate the functional relevance of I34-tRNAs in human cells and show that a full complement of these tRNAs is necessary for the translation of low-complexity protein domains enriched in amino acids cognate for I34-tRNAs. The coding sequences for these domains require codons translated by I34-tRNAs, in detriment of synonymous codons that use other tRNAs. I34-tRNA-dependent low-complexity proteins are enriched in functional categories related to cell adhesion, and depletion in I34-tRNAs leads to cellular phenotypes consistent with these roles. We show that the distribution of these low-complexity proteins mirrors the distribution of I34-tRNAs in the phylogenetic tree.
Justifying quarantine in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in healthcare
Authors: Kerr G M , Crowley M , O’Reilly E J , Cunningham C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The first COVID-19-positive patient was identified in Ireland on 29 February 2020 (Department of Health, Government of Ireland; https://www.gov.ie/en/pressrelease/2f75fd-statement-from-the-national-public-healthemergency-team-sat-29-feb/). Healthcare worker (HCW) quarantining became a core intervention for those identified as ‘close contacts’ to reduce onward transmission within the workplace to patients and colleagues. Whether a quarantining strategy could be justified at a time when there was an increased demand for the services of HCWs remained unknown.

Aims
To establish whether quarantining staff away from a healthcare setting during a pandemic is justified.

Methods
This retrospective study examined close contacts of COVID-19-positive index cases (both residents and HCWs) in a community hospital over a 4-week period from 1 to 28 April 2020. Close contacts were identified in accordance with national guidelines. Zones of the hospital were examined to determine the number of COVID-positive index cases and their close contacts. A cumulative result for the hospital was recorded.

Results
While outcomes varied over time, per zone and per HCW category, the overall conversion rate from close contact to an index case was 30%.

Conclusions
This study vindicates the policy of quarantining close contact HCWs from their workplaces as they pose a significant threat to both their patients and fellow workers.
New Examples Of Shrinking Laplacian Solitons
Authors: Nicolini Marina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe give a one-parameter family of examples of shrinking Laplacian solitons, which are the second known solutions to the closed G2-Laplacian flow with a finite-time singularity. The torsion forms and the Laplacian and Ricci operators of a large family of G2-structures on different Lie groups are also studied. We apply these formulas to prove that, under a suitable extra condition, there is no closed eigenform for the Laplacian on such family.
Proteomic characteristics of beryllium sulfate-induced differentially expressed proteins in rats
Authors: Zheng Kai , Cai Ying , Lei Yuandi , Liu Yanping , Sun Zhanbing , Wang Ye , Xu Xinyun , Zhang Zhaohui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to beryllium sulfate (BeSO4), and proteomic and bioinformatic techniques were applied to screen for differentially expressed proteins in their lung tissue and serum. A total of 12 coexpression modules were constructed for 18 samples with 2333 proteins. Four modules were found to have significant differences in the regulation of protein coexpression modules in the serum following exposure to BeSO4. A further three modules had significant differences in the regulation of protein coexpression modules in the lung tissues. Five modules with good correlation were obtained by calculating the gene significance and module membership values, whereas these module Hub proteins included: Hspbp1, Rps15a, Srsf2, Hadhb, Elmo3, Armt1, Rpl18, Afap1L1, Eif3d, Eif3c, and Rps3. The five proteins correlating highest with the Hub proteins in the lung tissue and serum samples were obtained using string analysis. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed that these proteins are mainly involved in ribosome formation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and tumor necrosis factor regulation. By analyzing the biological functions of these proteins, proteins that can be used as biomarkers, such as Akt1, Prpf19, Cct2, and Rpl18, are finally obtained.
Distal Femur Replacement Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Treatment of Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wadhwa Harsh , Salazar Brett P. , Goodnough L. Henry , Van Rysselberghe Noelle L. , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Wong Hong-Nei , Gardner Michael J. , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To compare complications and functional outcomes of treatment with primary distal femoral replacement (DFR) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Data Sources:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for English language studies up to May 19, 2020, identifying 913 studies.

Study Selection:
Studies that assessed complications of periprosthetic distal femur fractures with primary DFR or ORIF were included. Studies with sample size ≤5, mean age <55, nontraumatic indications for DFR, ORIF with nonlocking plates, native distal femoral fractures, or revision surgeries were excluded. Selection adhered to the PRISMA criteria.

Data Extraction:
Study quality was assessed using previously reported criteria. There were 40 Level IV studies, 17 Level III studies, and 1 Level II study.

Data Synthesis:
Fifty-eight studies with 1484 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Complications assessed {incidence rate ratio [IRR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.78 [0.59–1.03]} and reoperation or revision [IRR (95% CI): 0.71 (0.49–1.04)] were similar between the DFR and ORIF cohorts. The mean knee range of motion was greater in the ORIF cohort (DFR: 90.47 vs. ORIF: 100.36, P < 0.05). The mean Knee Society Score (KSS) (DFR: 79.41 vs. ORIF: 82.07, P = 0.35) and return to preoperative ambulatory status were similar [IRR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.48–1.41)].

Conclusions:
In comparing complications among patients treated for periprosthetic distal femur fracture with DFR or ORIF, there was no difference between the groups. There were also no differences in functional outcomes, although knee range of motion was greater in the ORIF group. This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the need for future prospective trials evaluating the outcomes of these divergent treatment strategies.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.