bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat stress and reduced feed intake alter the intestinal proteomic profile (246.1)
Authors: Pearce Sarah , Huff‐Lonergan Elisabeth , Lonergan Steven , Baumgard Lance , Gabler Nicholas 
Published: June 2021

Heat stress (HS) and reduced feed intake have been shown to negatively affect intestinal integrity and barrier function. Our objective was to compare ileum protein profiles of pigs subjected to HS, thermal neutral (TN), or reduced feed intake conditions. Twenty‐four pigs (n=8/treatment) were assigned to one of these treatments for 12 h: 1) TN (21°C; 70% humidity with ad libitum intake, 2) HS (37°C; 40% humidity with ad libitum intake), or 3) TN conditions but pair fed (PFTN) to mirror nutrient intake of the HS pigs. Pigs were then euthanized, whole ileum was collected, and protein extracted. Proteins were solubilized and 2D‐Differential In Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE; 24 gels in duplicate), 11cm strips pH 3‐10, in the first dimension and 12.5% acrylamide gels in the second dimension, was performed. Relative abundance of 281 and 138 proteins were significantly different (P < 0.05) due to HS, compared to TN and PFTN pigs respectively. However, only 20 proteins were significantly different due to reduced feed intake alone (P < 0.05). Differentially expressed proteins were identified by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). Compared to TN and PFTN pigs, heat shock proteins 27, 70, 90‐α and β were increased during HS. However, metabolic enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase were decreased in HS pigs (75 and 10% respectively; P < 0.05) compared to TN and PFTN pigs. Similarly, stress response enzymes peroxiredoxin‐1 and peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase A were decreased (40 and 15% respectively; P < 0.05) in PFTN and TN pigs compared to HS. Interestingly, prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase‐β was reduced 10% in HS and PFTN pigs compared to TN controls. Together, these data show that HS directly alters intestinal protein profiles during a severe heat‐load, largely independent of reduced feed intake.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA‐AFRI grant# 2011‐67003‐30007
Men and women in space: bone loss and kidney stone risk after long‐duration space flight (257.3)
Authors: Smith Scott , Zwart Sara , Heer Martina , Hudson Edgar , Shackelford Linda , Morgan Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Bone loss on Earth is more prevalent in women than men, leading to the assumption that women may be at greater risk from bone loss during flight. Until recently, the number of women having flown long‐duration missions was too small to allow any type of statistical analysis. We report here data from 42 astronauts on long‐duration missions to the International Space Station, 33 men and 9 women. Bone mineral density (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), bone biochemistry (from blood and urine samples), and renal stone risk factors were evaluated before and after flight. Data were analyzed in two groups, based on available resistance exercise equipment. The response of bone mineral density to flight was the same for men and women, and the typical decrease in bone mineral density (whole body and/or regional) after flight was not observed for either sex for those using an Advanced Resistive Exercise Device. Bone biochemistry, specifically markers of formation and resorption, generally responded similarly in male and female astronauts. The response of urinary supersaturation risk to space flight was not significantly different between men and women, although risks were typically increased after flight in both groups and risks were generally greater in men than in women before and after flight. Overall, the bone and renal stone responses of men and women to space flight were not different.Grant Funding Source: Funded by the NASA Human Research Program.
Assessing an infant food frequency questionnaire: a pilot study (36.2)
Authors: Palacios Cristina , Torres Roxana , Trak Maria , Joshipura Kaumudi , Willett Walter 
Published: June 2021

Adequate nutrition early in life optimizes growth and reduces the risk of obesity and chronic diseases in infancy and later in life. However, there is lack of data and instruments specifically designed to assess consumption early in life. This pilot study assessed an infant food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for clarity of questions and to identify additional questions/examples for inclusion. This FFQ was based on the 19‐item FFQ developed by the CDC, which was expanded to 55 items with additional questions on preparation/source of foods and supplements. A convenience sample of mothers 蠅21 years with infants <12 months (m) of age attending the pediatric hospital clinics in San Juan, Puerto Rico were recruited. Sixty mothers (28 with infants 1‐4m; 14 with infants 5‐8m and 18 with infants 9‐12m) completed the FFQ. Most considered it to be clear (90%). Ten percent was not clear when to report frequency by day or week. The word baby food was more accepted than commercial baby pure. In the open‐ended options, the most common fruits and vegetables reported were bananas, carrots, green beans, squash and pears. In terms of frequencies, only 18% of infants at 1‐4m, 7% at 5‐8m and 6% at 9‐12m were exclusively breastfed. In combination with formula, 11% at 1‐4m, 7% at 5‐8m and 0% at 9‐12m were breastfed. Cow’s milk was introduced <12m in 11%. Water was introduced early (39% of infants at 1‐4 m). Fruit juice (any type) was consumed by 14% at 1‐4m, 57% at 5‐8m and 89% at 9‐12m old. “Baby juice” (juice marketed for babies) was consumed by 11% at 1‐4m, 50% at 5‐8m and 61% at 9‐12m. Sodas were not consumed. Solids foods (cereals, fruits &amp; vegetables) were started <6m in 11%. Sweets were consumed by 12% starting at 7m. Most common supplements given were iron (67%) and multi‐vitamin (38%). Further work to assess validity of the FFQ is needed. A valid infant FFQ is important for understanding dietary consumption patterns in infants, which can help develop specific recommendations for fostering healthy eating habits in this stage of life.Grant Funding Source: This project was supported in part by NIMHHD 8G12‐MD007600
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling by clathrin‐coated membrane microdomains (603.2)
Authors: Antonescu Costin , Garay Camilo , Delos Santos Ralph Christian , Judge Gurjeet , Bautista Stephen , Lucarelli Stefanie , Pandey Rohan 
Published: June 2021

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) binding to its receptor (EGFR) activates several signaling intermediates including Akt, leading to control of cell survival and metabolism. Concomitantly, ligand‐bound EGFR is rapidly incorporated into clathrin‐coated pits, eventually leading to receptor internalization. Whether clathrin scaffolds have functions at the cell surface prior to internalization, such as facilitating EGFR signaling, is poorly understood. To determine if clathrin scaffolds are required for activation of specific EGFR signaling pathways, we employed selective perturbation of clathrin (which prevents formation of clathrin scaffolds) and dynamin (which allows formation of clathrin scaffolds but prevents EGFR endocytosis). We find that siRNA gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of clathrin, but not of dynamin, inhibits activation of the Akt pathway by EGFR but not receptor autophosphorylation. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we have examined the localization of EGFR signaling intermediates vis‐à‐vis clathrin‐coated pits. Our findings indicate that clathrin scaffolds may represent unique signaling microdomains within the plasma membrane, a function that can be separated from the role of clathrin in endocytosis.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Transcriptional regulation of O‐GlcNAc homeostasis (607.8)
Authors: Qian Kevin , Ruan Hai‐Bin , Yang Xiaoyong 
Published: June 2021

A vast number of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are modified by O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc), a dynamic post‐translational modification that has emerged as a key regulator of diverse cellular processes. The addition and removal of O‐GlcNAc are catalyzed by O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Accumulating evidence indicates that both excess and deficiency of O‐GlcNAc in the cell can have deleterious effects, suggesting that maintenance of O‐GlcNAc homeostasis is critical for cellular function. However, the mechanism by which O‐GlcNAc homeostasis is maintained in the normal state and disrupted in the disease state has not yet been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that Ogt expression is upregulated by OGA, creating a feedback mechanism that serves to maintain a balance between OGT and OGA expression levels in the cell. We found that OGA promotes Ogt transcription through cooperation with the histone acetyltransferase p300 and the transcription factor CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBP‐β). In this protein complex, OGA and p300 act as transcriptional coactivators of C/EBP‐β through their glycosidase and acetyltransferase activities, respectively. Since O‐GlcNAc homeostasis is often disrupted in cancer cells, we also sought to determine whether classical oncoproteins are involved in regulating Ogt expression. We found that extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) increases OGA glycosidase activity and promotes Ogt transcription, suggesting that chronic growth factor stimulation may be responsible for disrupted O‐GlcNAc homeostasis in cancer. Our study elucidates a transcriptional mechanism that controls cellular O‐GlcNAc homeostasis, which should lay a foundation for exploring O‐GlcNAc signaling as a therapeutic target for human disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R01‐DK089098
A study on high school students’ recognition of food additives in Incheon region, Korea (626.3)
Authors: Kim Young A , Kim Eun‐ju 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic information about how high school students recognize food additives in Incheon region, 5th largest city in Korea, using a questionnaire and data analysis tool, SPSSWIN 18.0.50% of students were found that they know about food additives. They recognized the harmfulness of food additives because that it was synthesized chemicals(59.6%, p<.05). But a test about 5 major food additives proved that they couldn’t’ distinguish between sweetener and seasoning (p<.05), and their interest about food additives except MSG was examined differently between the boys and girls. Only about 30% of students were likely to choose a food with less food additives. 71.5% of students answered that they would try to choose a food with natural additives in spite of higher cost, while 10% answered they surely choose a food with natural additives. The necessity of education about food additives was supported by 48% of girls and 35% of boys(p<.001), and the most popular reason of it was healthy and safe dietary life. As an educational method, education by a professional instructor was best supported by students, and there was a meaningful difference between boys(45.9%) and girls(54.5%), while the tentative attendance were replied by 31.9% of boys and 39.3% of girls(p<.01).Therefore a professional education program to let students be aware of food additives for advancing their dietary life is required.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Inha University
Niclosamide blocks autophagy via lysosomal dysfunction (663.18)
Authors: Gao Ying , Liang Aiwen , Kang Jeong‐Han , Liu Peiqing , Yin Xiao‐ming , Li Min 
Published: June 2021

Niclosamide is a salicylanilide derivative used as antihelminthic agent. Recently, Nic has been screened out as an autophagy modulator by us and other groups and was identified to be a structurally distinct mTORC1 signaling inhibitor. In this work, we measured the long‐lived protein degradation activity and found Niclosamide could inhibit the autophagic process. To elucidate the inhibition of Niclosamide on autophagy, we further tested the lysosomal activity using DQ‐BSA assay and measured protease activity such as Cathepsin B and Cathepsin D with fluorescent substrates. The lower degradation of DQ‐BSA and decreased protease activity after Niclosamide treatments indicated the impaired lysosome function. In addition, both LC‐II and P62 proteins accumulated significantly when treated by Niclosamide suggesting the late stage of autophagy was blocked. The increased pH of lysosome and release of Cathepsins from lysosome to cytosol demonstrated that Niclosamide might affect lysosome resulted from lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Collectively, we firstly disclosed Niclosamide not only inhibited mTORC1 activity but also, as other well‐known lysosome inhibitors, strongly blocked autophagy via lysosomal dysfunction.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Guandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (S2013010015876)
Severity of behavioral impairments and vascular dysfunction with chronic stress/depressive symptoms is increased by metabolic syndrome (676.7)
Authors: Brooks Steven , Stanley Shyla , Butcher Joshua , D'Audiffret Alexandre , Skaff Paulina , Chantler Paul , Frisbee Jefferson 
Published: June 2021

Chronic stress/depressive symptoms impair the normal patterns of vascular reactivity. However, they also can increase CVD risk owing to an elevation in markers of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., blood pressure, glycemic control, dyslipidemia). To interrogate this, we imposed 8 weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) onto lean (LZR) and obese (OZR) Zucker rats to determine their behavioral and vascular outcomes. UMCS resulted in depressive symptoms in LZR, including reduced chronic and stimulated grooming, learned helplessness, and increased plasma cortisol. A directionally consistent, although milder, effect was determined in control OZR. In ex vivo aortic rings and skeletal muscle arterioles, endothelium‐dependent dilation was blunted by either metabolic syndrome (OZR) or imposition of UCMS (LZR) owing to increased ROS and TxA2 production. However, when OZR were exposed to UCMS, the severity of the depressive symptoms was increased, and dilator reactivity in conduit/resistance vessels was nearly abolished. These observations suggest that a combination of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms creates a condition causing rapid degradation of vascular function.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Institutes of Health and American Heart Association
NF‐κB inhibitor MG132 enhances differentiation and collagen expression of dental pulp stem cells (732.1)
Authors: Saffarian Tousi Hozhabri Neda , Kim Harry , Varanasi Venu 
Published: June 2021

Inflammatory response in the dental pulp is mediated by interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α, which may alter collagen matrix formation by dental pulp stem cells and lead to a delay or poor healing of the dental pulp. We hypothesized that these inflammatory cytokines inhibit dental pulp stem cell collagen production by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor ‐ κB. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of nuclear factor ‐ κB signaling during odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells and collagen synthesis under inflammatory culture conditions. Data for the study were obtained by qRT‐PCR and Picrosirius staining for gene expression and collagen matrix staining, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used for generating high‐resolution images of the samples. Results showed a significant increase in nuclear factor ‐ κB gene expression by interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and this was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by a nuclear factor ‐ κB inhibitor (MG132). Interestingly, dental pulp stem cells exposed to inflammatory conditions resulted in a significant increase in collagen (I)‐α1 gene expression, which was further enhanced in the presence of the inhibitor. This correlated with collagen matrix staining. Nuclear factor ‐ κB inhibition also enhanced the gene expression of the odontoblastic marker dentin sialophosphoprotein and demonstrated an odonotblastic cell morphology for the promotion of an odontogenic lineage during inflammation. Conversely, inhibition of NF‐kB in the absence of inflammation resulted in an increase in the gene expression of osteogenic markers (runx2, osteocalcin). In conclusion, controlling inflammatory signaling in DPSCs by reducing the activity of NF‐kB enhances odontoblastic differentiation and collagen matrix formation, potentially stimulating pulp and dentin healing.Grant Funding Source: NIH grants #A107380, #1K25DE018230‐01, #5P30DE020742‐02
Saline stress modulates mir‐27a, mir‐103 and mir135 in 3T3‐PKD‐1 cells (802.15)
Authors: Torres‐Marquez M Eugenia , Ruiz Esparza‐Garrido Ruth , Sinnett‐Smith Jim , Rozengurt Enrique 
Published: June 2021

PKD is a founding member of CAMK group of kinases and there is ample evidence of its participation in important cellular process including stress. Due to the lack of specific inhibitors for its action in vivo, its protein targets are scarcely described. Even less is known about its role at regulating the transcription of target proteins. The miRNA are important regulators of protein expression and several groups are currently undertaking studies about its targets, enriching a database that will enable a better understanding of the networks in which they participate.In this work we aimed to identify miRNA that are modulated by hyperosmotic stress in 3T3 expressing PKD‐1 cells as a means to understand the PKD participation in this cellular process.We obtained the RNA from 3T3‐PKD‐1 cells and their control counterparts, without or with an hour challenge with 0.3M NaCl, and sought to identify the up‐ or down‐ regulated miRNA. This was performed using miRNA3.0 Affymetrix microchips, and analyzed with software provided.We found that miRNA that are exclusively regulated by the PKD action after the 0.3M NaCl challenge are: mir‐103, mir135, which are down‐regulated, and mir27a, which is up‐regulated.Some of the targets of the down regulated mir‐103 include Syntaxin‐17, which participates in the autophagosomes formation; inhibitory growth factor 5 which participates in proliferation; and cadherin‐11, which participates in shaping cell morphology. The mir‐135 has as targets complexin 1 that participates in vesicle transport. The up‐regulated mir‐27a has as targets the A2B adenosine receptors that help repair ischemia/reperfusion injury, the activin A receptor ‐type C and the Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2N and Polo‐like kinase that regulates the differentiation of various organs.Grant Funding Source: IN222014
Supplementation with multiple micronutrients and polyunsaturated fatty acids does not improve school performance of obese children in a rural area of Mexico (811.23)
Authors: Escobedo Sara , García Olga , Ronquillo Dolores , Caamaño María , Rosado Jorge 
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the effect of nutrition education and supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MM) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the school performance of obese children in a rural area of Queretaro, Mexico. In a longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial, 134 children (6‐10 y) were assigned to one of two groups: a) 237mL/day of a supplement with MM and PUFA’s (SMP) and nutrition education; b) nutrition education alone (CON). All treatments were administered for 24 wks. Weight, height, waist circumference and body composition (by DXA) were measured at 0 and 24 wks. Diet was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study using 3 of 24h recalls. School performance was evaluated with school grades before and after the intervention, and with the CONNERS questionnaire applied to parents and teachers at 24 wks. Vitamins A and C intake at baseline was positively associated with Spanish, mathematics and overall grades (p<0.05). There were no differences between groups in school performance at the end of the study. Also, no significant differences between groups were observed in the CONNERS evaluation of teachers or parents. In conclusion, nutrition education and supplementation with MM and PUFA’s does not improve school performance of obese children living in rural Mexico.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CONACYT
An enhanced photonic crystal biosensor‐based immunodiagnostic assay for detection of soluble transferrin receptor as a biomarker of iron deficiency (813.7)
Authors: Peterson Ross , Cunningham Brian , Andrade Juan 
Published: June 2021

Identification of populations at risk for iron deficiency is of critical concern. Studies on the detection of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) using a PC biosensor assay are presented. sTfR (85kDa) is a favorable biomarker of iron status as it is less confounded by inflammation related factors. PCs are periodic dielectric surface structures designed to reflect a narrow band of wavelengths when illuminated by a broadband light source. Adsorption and binding of biomolecules on the PC surface elicits a wavelength shift (PWV) measured in nm. The PC surface of 384‐well microplate was functionalized with silane for immobilization of capture antibodies (Ab), followed by a blocking step. sTfR antigen was added before secondary Ab was dispensed in standard and control wells. Secondary Ab was functionalized with iron‐oxide nanoparticles (30 nm) to enhance signal‐to‐noise ratio. Antigen‐Ab interactions were followed using the BIND system. A sTfR standard curve (200‐5 ng/ml) was created and compared against a commercial ELISA kit. Ab selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), and dose‐response were evaluated (two experiments, n=4/sample). The PC biosensor showed a LOD of 28 ng/ml, a linear response ([PWV=0.8 + 8.4(ug/ml)‐1]; R2=0.98) and limited non‐specific binding against BSA. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the PC biosensor as an immunodiagnostic assay for sTfR detection.Grant Funding Source: ACES VISION 20/20 Grant
Effects of rice bran oil deodorizer distillate on plasma cholesterol levels in rats (829.23)
Authors: Gomes Tina , Gu Xuan , Min Byungjick , Lee Sun‐Ok 
Published: June 2021

Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is a byproduct in the refinement of rice oil. RBODD has received great interest as a potential health‐promoting product because it is a rich source of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of RBODD on plasma cholesterol concentrations in Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty three 6 week old rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal fat control (NFC), high fat control (HFC) and high fat diet plus RBODD treatment (RBO). 45 mg of RBODD was orally administered daily for 3 weeks into each treatment rat using 5% of Tween‐80 as a vehicle. The rats in the control groups were received Tween‐80 alone in the same manner. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for lipid analysis. RBO group had significantly lower plasma triglyceride compared with HFC group (p<0.05). RBODD treatment did not show changes in the cholesterol levels. This study suggests that the efficacy of RBODD on plasma lipid profile is to improve triglyceride levels.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Arkansas Bioscience Institute (ABI)