bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the substrates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: A multiparametric structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Conti Lorenzo , Preziosa Paolo , Meani Alessandro , Pagani Elisabetta , Valsasina Paola , Marchesi Olga , Vizzino Carmen , Rocca Maria A. , Filippi Massimo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment frequently affects multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, its neuroanatomical correlates still need to be fully explored. We investigated the contribution of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in explaining cognitive impairment in MS.MethodsBrain dual‐echo, diffusion tensor, 3D T1‐weighted and resting‐state (RS) MRI sequences were acquired from 276 MS patients and 102 healthy controls. Using random forest analysis, the contribution of regional white matter (WM) lesions, WM fractional anisotropy (FA) abnormalities, gray matter (GM) atrophy and RS functional connectivity (FC) alterations to cognitive impairment in MS patients was investigated.ResultsEighty‐four MS patients (30.4%) were cognitively impaired. The best MRI predictors of cognitive impairment (relative importance [%]) (out‐of‐bag area under the curve [AUC] = 0.795) were (a) WM lesions in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (100%), left anterior thalamic radiation (93.4%), left posterior corona radiata (78.5%), left medial lemniscus (74.2%), left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (70.4%), left optic radiation (68.7%), right middle cerebellar peduncle (60.6%) and right optic radiation (53.5%); (b) decreased FA in the splenium of the corpus callosum (64.3%), left optic radiation (61.0%), body of the corpus callosum (51.9%) and fornix (50.9%); and (c) atrophy of the left precuneus (91.4%), right cerebellum crus I (84.4%), right caudate nucleus (78.6%), left thalamus (76.2%) and left supplementary motor area (59.8%). The relevance of these MRI measures in explaining cognitive impairment was confirmed in a cross‐validation analysis (AUC =0.765).ConclusionStructural damage in strategic WM and GM regions explains cognitive impairment in MS patients more than RS FC abnormalities.
Long‐term safety of adjunctive cenobamate in patients with uncontrolled focal seizures: Open‐label extension of a randomized clinical study
Authors: French Jacqueline A. , Chung Steve S. , Krauss Gregory L. , Lee Sang Kun , Maciejowski Maciej , Rosenfeld William E. , Sperling Michael R. , Kamin Marc 
Published: July 2021

SummaryObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine long‐term (up to 7.8 years) retention rate, safety, and tolerability of the antiseizure medication (ASM) cenobamate as adjunctive treatment in the open‐label extension (OLE) of study YKP3089C013 (C013; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01397968).MethodsPatients who completed the 12‐week, multicenter, multinational, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled C013 study, which examined adjunctive cenobamate treatment of adults with uncontrolled focal seizures, were eligible to enroll in the OLE. During the OLE, dose adjustments of cenobamate and concomitant ASMs were allowed. Safety assessments included frequency of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs, TEAE severity, and TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Probability of patient continuation in the OLE was examined using a Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsOne hundred forty‐nine patients entered the OLE (median duration of cenobamate treatment = 6.25 years). As of the data cutoff, 57% of patients (85/149) remained in the OLE (median treatment duration = 6.8 years, range = 6.4–7.8 years). The median modal daily cenobamate dose was 200 mg (range = 50–400 mg). The probability of treatment continuation at 1–6 years of cenobamate treatment was 73%, 67%, 63%, 61%, 60%, and 59%, respectively. Among patients who continued at 1 year (n = 107), the probability of continuing at Years 2–5 was 92%, 87%, 83%, and 82%. The most common discontinuation reasons were patient withdrawal (19.5%, 29/149), adverse event (10.1%, 15/149), and lack of efficacy (5.4%, 8/149). TEAEs leading to discontinuation in 1% or more of patients were fatigue (1.3%, 2/149), ataxia (1.3%, 2/149), and memory impairment or amnesia (1.3%, 2/149). Dizziness (32.9%, 49/149), headache (26.8%, 40/149), and somnolence (21.5%, 32/149) were the most frequently reported TEAEs and were primarily mild or moderate in severity.SignificanceLong‐term retention in the C013 OLE study demonstrated sustained safety and tolerability of adjunctive cenobamate treatment up to 7.8 years in adults with treatment‐resistant focal seizures taking one to three ASMs.
Could 3D food printing help to improve the food supply chain resilience against disruptions such as caused by pandemic crises?
Authors: Derossi Antonio , Bhandari Bhesh , van Bommel Kjeld , Noort Martijn , Severini Carla 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic is having a tremendous effect on the current food system. The situation urges us to face many issues never experienced before, aimed at mitigating a multitude of sanitary and social risks. The current pandemic has affected the food system in many ways: significant changes in dietary habits and in the health status of people; the food chain is broken, which has an effect on food security (including making it difficult to find or to buy fresh food at affordable prices); unemployment or underemployment is rising due to the damages of the food sector; there is a lack of food‐socialising events which has an effect on people’s mental status; and there are concerns about food safety. To mitigate all these issues, the implementation of innovative technologies urges. We have mapped the scientific studies and online information on 3D food printing (3DFP) about the effects of 3DFP on the food system and people’s health when adopted in food industry, restaurants, hospitals, schools, offices, homes, etc. Finally, this information has been examined in light to the future challenges of the food chain also considering the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, demonstrating its potential benefits to mitigate this and future pandemics.
Training poverty in India: Reassessing the effect of social ascription
Authors: Anikin Vasiliy A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper set out to reassess the effects of economic and social determinants of the probability of formal vocational training in India. Applying the four‐level cross‐classified logistic model to the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, the paper identified the association between formal training and ‘good jobs’ in large urban electrified firms that offer permanent employment and regular monthly salary to their skilled occupation workers. Nevertheless, India remains a country of severe training poverty. This study confirms that the traditional mindset of the society does contribute to the training poverty; however, this impact is much limited to the household level and religious groups, such as Christians, which are systematically excluded from formal training as compared to Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists. In contrast, the lower castes and deprived social backgrounds do not affect, as predicted by previous studies. Moreover, it is shown that unskilled males from the rural area of India were less likely to receive formal training as compared to educated single women.
Which phase of Ta2O5 being of the largest dielectric constant
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Fen , Ning Bo‐Yuan , Weng Tsu‐Chien , Ning Xi‐Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a promising dielectric material, tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) exhibits multi‐phase co‐existing under common fabrication conditions, so it is highly desired to predict theoretically which phase is of the largest dielectric constant. Considering that the specific operations and parameters employed in ab initio calculations may lead to considerably different lattice structure, we set the experimental lattice constants as the criteria to select the functional and parameters in density of functional theory and calculated the dielectric tensors of crystalline δ‐, β‐, LSR‐, B‐, and Z‐Ta2O5, showing that the dielectric constant is very sensitive to the lattice constants and δ‐Ta2O5 possesses the largest dielectric constant, 375.1, which is about 10 times larger than those of the other four phases and the experimental measurement of common Ta2O5 samples with several phases co‐existed, and furthermore, the dielectric constant of δ‐ and β‐Ta2O5 could be enhanced to 1175.2 and 939.5, respectively, with the Ta atom replaced by Ti atom at a molar ratio of 7.14%, which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations of Ti‐doped β‐, LSR‐, and H‐Ta2O5.
Pressure‐assisted flash sintering of ZnO ceramics
Authors: Liang Yihan , Xiang Siqi , Li Tongye , Yu Chong , Leng Ke , Zhang Xinfang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImplementing pressure‐assisted flash sintering of ZnO powder without pretreatment by a new experimental configuration is presented. Rapid and energy‐concentrated heating of electrode‐sample‐electrode area by induction heating allows preheating and flash sintering of loose‐pack powder in the die with pressure assistance. Using an insulated die enables the current to flow through the sample during flash sintering. ZnO ceramics with a relative density of 95.1% can be achieved in less than 3 min. The whole process includes 104 s of preheating by a low‐power induction heating device and 30 s of flash sintering assisted by a pressure of 26 MPa using the pulsed direct current (DC). The process characteristics of pressure‐assisted flash sintering using the pulsed DC are discussed. The effect of pressure on densification and grain size is analyzed in detail, and some potential mechanisms are provided.
Prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of endocardial and nonendocardial conduction gaps during local impedance‐guided extensive pulmonary vein isolation of atrial fibrillation with high‐resolution mapping
Authors: Nakamura Kohki , Sasaki Takehito , Minami Kentaro , Take Yutaka , Inoue Mitsuho , Sasaki Wataru , Kishi Shohei , Yoshimura Shingo , Okazaki Yoshinori , Motoda Hiroyuki , Niijima Katsura , Miki Yuko , Goto Koji , Kaseno Kenichi , Yamashita Eiji , Koyama Keiko , Funabashi Nobusada , Naito Shigeto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionLocal impedance (LI) drops during radiofrequency ablation can predict lesion formation. Some conduction gaps during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) can be associated with nonendocardial connections. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, characteristics, and predictors of endocardial and nonendocardial conduction gaps during an LI‐guided PVI.Methods and ResultsWe prospectively enrolled 157 consecutive patients undergoing an initial LI‐guided extensive PVI of atrial fibrillation (AF). After the first‐pass encirclement, the residual conduction gaps and reconnected gaps were mapped using Rhythmia (Boston Scientific) and a mini‐basket catheter. Right and left PV (RPV/LPV) gaps were observed in 22.3% and 18.5% of the patients, respectively: 27 endocardial and 49 nonendocardial gaps. The carina regions were common sites for the gaps (51 carina‐related vs. 25 noncarina‐related). The carina‐related gaps consisted of more nonendocardial gaps than endocardial gaps (RPVs: 90.0% vs. 10.0%, p = .001; LPVs: 76.2% vs. 23.8%, p < .001). A univariate analysis revealed that paroxysmal AF and the left atrial (LA) volume index for RPV endocardial gaps (odds ratio [OR]: 8.640 and 0.946; p = .043 and 0.009), minor right inferior PV diameter for RPV nonendocardial gaps (OR: 1.165; p = .028), and major left inferior PV diameter for LPV endocardial gaps (OR: 1.233; p = .028) were significant predictors.ConclusionsDuring the LI‐guided PVI, approximately two‐thirds of the conduction gaps were nonendocardial. The carina regions had more conduction gaps than noncarina regions, which was due to the presence of nonendocardial connections. Paroxysmal AF, a lower LA volume index, and larger inferior PV diameters may increase the risk of conduction gaps.
Serum tumour M2‐pyruvate kinase as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Liu Wei , Li Li , Wang Yuchao , Yuan Qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTumour M2‐pyruvate kinase (TUM2‐PK) is up‐regulated in many human cancers. This study was to evaluate the clinical value of serum TUM2‐PK in early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 162 consecutive early‐stage NSCLC patients were enrolled and followed up after tumour resection. Serum TUM2‐PK level was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in NSCLC patients, 50 benign pulmonary disease patients and 102 healthy controls. The TUM2‐PK level in NSCLC patients was higher than that of healthy controls (P < .001) and benign pulmonary disease patients (P < .001). A threshold of 30 U/mL could be used to diagnose early‐stage NSCLC with 71.6% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity. The 5‐year overall survival rate in patients with high TUM2‐PK level was lower than that of patients with low TUM2‐PK level (P = .009). Multivariable Cox regression showed that high TUM2‐PK level was an independent risk factor for overall survival (HR = 2.595, 95% CI: 1.231‐5.474, P = .012). High serum TUM2‐PK level could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of early‐stage NSCLC patients.
Acute kidney injury in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients receiving sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Horii Takeshi , Oikawa Yoichi , Kunisada Narumi , Shimada Akira , Atsuda Koichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present retrospective study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. We identified 171,622 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; among them, 476 (0.3%) patients developed acute kidney injury. The hazard ratio for acute kidney injury occurrence risk was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for patient characteristics at baseline and use of concomitant agents. In the adjusted model, patients who developed acute kidney injury were mostly men, aged ≥65 years, had lower body mass index, had a history of heart failure and used diuretics more frequently than those who did not. These findings suggest that associated clinical risk factors should be thoroughly evaluated before administering sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors to minimize acute kidney injury onset.
Effects of dentin and enamel porcelain layer thickness on the color of various ceramic restorations
Authors: Xu Binting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of dentin and enamel porcelain layer thickness on the color of various ceramic restorations.Materials and methodsEighty specimens (shade A2 and A3, n = 10) (20 mm in length, 4 mm in width, 1.5 mm in thickness respectively) of casting ceramic (EM); alumina ceramic (AL); zirconia ceramic (ZR); and porcelain‐fused‐metal (PFM) were prepared. The color distributions of each specimen were measured at 4 places using a spectroradiometer. The dentin/enamel porcelain (D/E) layer thicknesses of the 4 places were 0.8/0.2 mm, 0.6/0.4 mm, 0.4/0.6 mm, and 0.2/0.8 mm. The color differences (ΔE00) between the specimens and the corresponding color shade tabs were calculated. Data were analyzed using three‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA and Holm–Sidak pairwise comparisons (a = 0.05). The acceptability threshold (AT) was used to analyze the results.ResultsThe minimum ΔE00 values were 1.31 (0.6/0.4 mm for EM), 1.41 (0.8/0.2 mm for AL), and 1.92 (0.2/0.8 mm for ZR) for shade A2, and 0.93 (0.6/0.4 mm for EM), 0.89 (0.8/0.2 mm for AL), and 1.34 (0.8/0.2 mm for ZR) for shade A3. Most of them were below AT value (1.8). For AL and ZR (shade A2) and ZR (shade A3), the D/E layer thicknesses of 0.8/0.2 mm and 0.6/0.4 mm had lower ΔE00 values than 0.4/0.6 mm and 0.2/0.8 mm (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsThe dentin/enamel porcelain layer thickness that was most color‐matched to the shade tab was different for various ceramic restorations. The color of shade A2 AL and ZR and shade A3 ZR was closer to the shade tab when dentin porcelain was thicker than enamel porcelain.Clinical significanceMatching the shade of ceramic restoration to the shade tab color is a great challenge in esthetic dentistry. The dentin/enamel porcelain layer thickness is an important factor to influence the improved color matching.
Recent technical advances in whole slide imaging instrumentation
Authors: Katare Prateek , Gorthi Sai Siva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroscopic observation of biological specimen smears is the mainstay of diagnostic pathology, as defined by the Digital Pathology Association. Though automated systems for this are commercially available, their bulky size and high cost renders them unusable for remote areas. The research community is investing much effort towards building equivalent but portable, low‐cost systems. An overview of such research is presented here, including a comparative analysis of recent reports. This paper also reviews recently reported systems for automated staining and smear formation, including microfluidic devices; and optical and computational automated microscopy systems including smartphone‐based devices. Image pre‐processing and analysis methods for automated diagnosis are also briefly discussed. It concludes with a set of foreseeable research directions that could lead to affordable, integrated and accurate whole slide imaging systems.
Impact of yoga intervention on menopausal symptoms‐specific quality of life and changes in hormonal level among menopausal women
Authors: Swain Dharitri , Nanda Pranati , Das Hrushikesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe menopause transition is experienced by women often involves troublesome symptoms due to changes in the level of reproductive hormones. Non‐hormonal therapies are more commonly accepted by women than hormonal therapy for coping with the climacteric symptoms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of yoga practice on menopausal symptoms, specific quality of life, and changes in hormonal levels among menopausal women.MethodA single‐blinded randomized control trial was conducted among 80 participants aged 40 of 50 years and was randomly divided into two study arms, that is, Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) and brisk walking intervention, to find the effect on the hormonal changes and menopausal quality of life (measured by MENQOL tool). The significant improvements in the outcome measures were measured by using repeated measures analysis of variance and McNemar's test.ResultsSignificant improvements in the menopausal‐specific quality of life were observed in the domain of vasomotor, psychosocial, and physical symptoms (p < 0.05). The antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly elevated after 1 year of regular practice of SKY compared to walking intervention (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant improvement was observed in follicle‐stimulating hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. The women reported no adverse events after SKY practice or brisk walking.ConclusionThe study concluded that 1 year of SKY practice could be one of the preferred non‐hormonal, lifestyle‐modifying regimens for improving the overall quality of life in menopausal women.
Integrative analyses of metabolome and genome‐wide transcriptome reveal the regulatory network governing flavor formation in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
Authors: Wang Ruochen , Shu Peng , Zhang Chi , Zhang Junlin , Chen Ya , Zhang Yaoxin , Du Kui , Xie Yue , Li Mingzhang , Ma Tao , Zhang Yang , Li Zhengguo , Grierson Don , Pirrello Julien , Chen Kunsong , Bouzayen Mondher , Zhang Bo , Liu Mingchun 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Soluble sugars, organic acids and volatiles are important components that determine unique fruit flavor and consumer preferences. However, the metabolic dynamics and underlying regulatory networks that modulate overall flavor formation during fruit development and ripening remain largely unknown for most fruit species.

In this study, by integrating flavor‐associated metabolism and transcriptome data from 12 fruit developmental and ripening stages of Actinidia chinensis cv Hongyang, we generated a global map of changes in the flavor‐related metabolites throughout development and ripening of kiwifruit.

Using this dataset, we constructed complex regulatory networks allowing to identify key structural genes and transcription factors that regulate the metabolism of soluble sugars, organic acids and important volatiles in kiwifruit. Moreover, our study revealed the regulatory mechanism involving key transcription factors regulating flavor metabolism. The modulation of flavor metabolism by the identified key transcription factors was confirmed in different kiwifruit species providing the proof of concept that our dataset provides a suitable tool for clarification of the regulatory factors controlling flavor biosynthetic pathways that have not been previously illuminated.

Overall, in addition to providing new insight into the metabolic regulation of flavor during fruit development and ripening, the outcome of our study establishes a foundation for flavor improvement in kiwifruit.
Legalizing a Political Fight: Congressional Abdication of War Powers in the Bush and Obama Administrations
Authors: Burns Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor decades, presidents and members of Congress have actively shifted the separation of powers to provide the executive branch with more room for unilateral action in the realm of war. While this imbalance is clearest when presidents decide to act without the consent of Congress, it is still present and arguably more dangerous when Congress does provide authorization. By examining the legal language used in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the subsequent Authorizations for the Use of Military Force (AUMF), I demonstrate how members of Congress crafted documents that were not designed to ensure presidential accountability and this allowed for the execution of poorly designed policy. Drawing on the work of scholars who emphasize the positive ends of constitutional grants of power, this essay establishes a metric for evaluating congressional deliberations on military operations. I apply this metric to deliberation about the 2003 war in Iraq and the military operation against ISIS in 2014. Neither operation compelled deliberation about the merits of action from Congress or ensured accountability from the executive after the fact.
Trade, access to varieties, and patterns of consumption
Authors: Aubry Amandine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence that product diversity drove a part of the evolution of consumers’ spending in the US over the 1993–2018 period. The change in the set of varieties available led consumers to increase by 1.19% the share of their budget allocated to a sector subject to the average variety expansion over that period. I exploit the exogenous change in the range of products available due to the growth of international trade to identify the causal relation. Using this identification strategy, I show that through changes in product diversity, international trade has a sizable effect on the evolution of patterns of consumption in a country, especially relative to the price effect.