bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Stroke Organisation and European Academy of Neurology joint guidelines on post‐stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Quinn Terence J. , Richard Edo , Teuschl Yvonne , Gattringer Thomas , Hafdi Melanie , O'Brien John T. , Merriman Niamh , Gillebert Celine , Huygelier Hanne , Verdelho Ana , Schmidt Reinhold , Ghaziani Emma , Forchammer Hysse , Pendlebury Sarah T. , Bruffaerts Rose , Mijajlovic Milija , Drozdowska Bogna A. , Ball Emily , Markus Hugh S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe optimal management of post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial. These joint European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) guidelines provide evidence‐based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision making regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.MethodsGuidelines were developed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and made specific recommendations. Expert consensus statements were provided where insufficient evidence was available to provide recommendations.ResultsThere was limited randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence regarding single or multicomponent interventions to prevent post‐stroke cognitive decline. Lifestyle interventions and treating vascular risk factors have many health benefits, but a cognitive effect is not proven. We found no evidence regarding routine cognitive screening following stroke, but recognize the importance of targeted cognitive assessment. We describe the accuracy of various cognitive screening tests, but found no clearly superior approach to testing. There was insufficient evidence to make a recommendation for use of cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine nootropics or cognitive rehabilitation. There was limited evidence on the use of prediction tools for post‐stroke cognition. The association between PSCI and acute structural brain imaging features was unclear, although the presence of substantial white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin on brain magnetic resonance imaging may help predict cognitive outcomes.ConclusionsThese guidelines highlight fundamental areas where robust evidence is lacking. Further definitive RCTs are needed, and we suggest priority areas for future research.
Nitrogen effects on plant productivity change at decadal time‐scales
Authors: Liang Guopeng , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Zhenghu , Waring Bonnie G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAlthough some long‐term studies have been conducted to quantify the impacts of nitrogen (N) on plant productivity, uncertainties remain regarding whether these impacts change over time and the underlying mechanisms. By overlooking this, we might over‐ or underestimate the impacts of N on terrestrial ecosystems. Our goal was to determine whether the impacts of N on plant productivity change in the long term and what controls these dynamics.LocationGlobal.Time period1999–2018.Major taxa studiedEffects of N on plant productivity.MethodsWe synthesized 63 N addition studies with duration ≥ 8 years in natural terrestrial ecosystems.ResultsOur results showed temporally dynamic impacts of N on plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. The interannual coefficient of variation (CV) of N impacts ranged from 19 to 768% across 63 studies, with higher variability in acidic soils. Moreover, a substantial proportion (44%) of studies showed evidence of a consistent directional change in the strength of the impacts of N over time. The direction of change varied with biome type (forests, decrease; grasslands and shrublands, increase). The temporal pattern of the impacts of N was mostly responsive to mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT) and initial soil pH, which accounted for 24%, 19% and 19% of the variation, respectively.Main conclusionsOur findings indicate that temporally dynamic impacts of long‐term N addition on plant productivity and large fluctuations of the impacts of N between years are generally observed among studies in terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, not only the magnitude of N impacts on plant productivity, but also their temporal pattern and variability should be considered in future experimental and model research.
Impact of stage‐grade of periodontitis and self‐reported symptoms on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Nisanci Yilmaz Mediha Nur , Bulut Sule , Bakirarar Batuhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of stage‐grade of periodontitis and self‐reported signs and symptoms on oral health‐related quality of life.MethodsThe diagnosis of periodontitis was based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. The Turkish version of Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) was used to assess oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the participants were requested to state their symptoms associated with periodontal diseases.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐six patients were included in the study with a mean age of 46.54 ± 9.24 years. The participants with Stage IV and Grade C periodontitis had the highest total OHIP‐14 scores (median 20.00 [min.‐max, 3.00–35.00] and median 18.50 (min.‐max, 0.00–36.00]; respectively). The OHIP‐14 scores (mean ± SD) were significantly associated with the symptoms of bleeding gums (13.64 ± 9.39), sore gums (18.00 ± 10.47), swollen gums (17.42 ± 10.91), bad breath (15.82 ± 9.44), loose teeth (20.00 ± 8.66) and drifting teeth (24.56 ± 8.46).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a significant association between OHRQoL and periodontitis. Stage‐grade of periodontitis and its symptoms were associated with poor quality of life.
Effect of salivary CYP4EM1 and CYP4EM2 gene silencing on the life span of Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) exposed to sublethal dose of deltamethrin
Authors: Paim R. M. M. , Pessoa G. C. D. , Nascimento B. W. L. , Nascimento A. M. D. , Pinheiro L. C. , Koerich L. B. , Diotaiuti L. , Araujo R. N. , Sant'Anna M. R. V. , Gontijo N. F. , Pereira M. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractControl of Chagas disease in endemic countries is primarily accomplished through insecticide spraying for triatomine vectors. In this context, pyrethroids are the first‐choice insecticide, and the evolution of insect resistance to these insecticides may represent an important barrier to triatomine control. In insects, cytochrome P450s are enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals that are encoded by genes divided into different families. In this work, we evaluated the role of three Rhodnius prolixus CYP4EM subfamily genes during blood meal and after deltamethrin exposure. CYP4 gene members were expressed in different insect organs (integument, salivary glands (SGs), midgut, fat body and malpighian tubules) at distinct transcriptional levels. CYP4EM1 gene was highly expressed in the SG and was clearly modulated after insect blood meal. Injection of CYP4EM1dsRNA promoted significant reduction in mRNA levels of both CYP4EM1 and CYP4EM2 genes and induced deleterious effects in R. prolixus nymphs subsequently exposed to sublethal doses of deltamethrin (3.4 or 3.8 ng/nymph treated). The higher dose reduced the survival over time and increased susceptibility of R. prolixus nymphs to deltamethrin. A better understanding of this mechanism can help in developing of more efficient strategies to reduce Trypanosoma cruzi vector transmission in Americas.
Crosstalk between B cells and neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Karmakar Utsa , Vermeren Sonja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease without known cure that primarily affects synovial joints. RA has a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population worldwide. A vicious circle between two critical immune cell types, B cells and neutrophils, develops and promotes disease. Pathogenic anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) directed against a range of citrullinated epitopes are abundant in both plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients. In addition to stimulating numerous cell types, ACPA and other autoantibodies, notably rheumatoid factor, form immune complexes (ICs) that potently activate neutrophils. Attracted to the synovium by abundant chemokines, neutrophils are locally stimulated by ICs. They generate cytokines and release cytotoxic compounds including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), strands of decondensed chromatin decorated with citrullinated histones and granule‐derived neutrophil proteins, which are particularly abundant in the synovial fluid. In this way, neutrophils generate citrullinated epitopes and release peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes capable of citrullinating extracellular proteins in the rheumatic joint, contributing to renewed ACPA generation. This review article focusses on the central function of citrullination, a post‐translational modification of arginine residues in RA. The discussion includes ACPA and related autoantibodies, somatic hypermutation‐mediated escape from negative selection by autoreactive B cells, promotion of the dominance of citrullinated antigens by genetic and lifestyle susceptibility factors and the vicious circle between ACPA‐producing pathogenic B cells and NET‐producing neutrophils in RA.
Evidence‐informed implementation of nurse prescribing under supervision: An integrative review
Authors: Fox Amanda , Joseph Ria , Cardiff Lynda , Thoms Debra , Yates Patsy , Nissen Lisa , Chan Raymond Javan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo explore evidence reporting facilitators and barriers to implementation of nurse prescribing and provide practical recommendations for evidence‐informed implementation and adoption of nurse prescribing under a supervision model.BackgroundAs demand for access to quality health care services increases, health professional roles are expanding to meet population needs. Nurse prescribing has been effective in some countries and is being considered globally to address growing health care demand. Successful implementation of health service models requires careful planning and consideration. No existing reviews have examined implementation factors in the literature.DesignIntegrative review.Data sourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to 15 April 2020.Review methodsThis integrative review is guided by Whittemore and Knafl and adheres to PRISMA reporting guidelines. The sustainability of innovation framework was used to synthesize data concerning implementation and sustainability factors (i.e. innovation, organizational, political, workforce and financial) for nurse prescribing.ResultsA total of 39 articles were reviewed with literature predominantly reporting findings related to non‐medical and nurse prescribing under various models. Variable evidence was found to inform nurse prescribing across five implementation and sustainability factors identifying several areas that require in‐depth consideration. Very little evidence is available on nurse prescribing under supervision.ConclusionIntroduction of service reform is often costly. This review highlights gaps in the literature and raises areas for consideration prior to implementation of this new service delivery model. The introduction of nurse prescribing must be planned and informed by available evidence to support effective adoption, practice and patient outcomes.ImpactThere are significant gaps in evidence related to nurse prescribing under a supervision model. Based on the evidence synthesized in this review, this paper provides practical recommendations for health service providers, managers, clinicians, educators and researchers to support implementation and adoption of nurse prescribing.
Simplified hypertension screening approaches with low misclassification and high efficiency in the United States, Nepal, and India
Authors: Tang Olive , Kou Minghao , Lu Yifei , Miller Edgar R. , Brady Tammy , Dennison‐Himmelfarb Cheryl , More Arun , Neupane Dinesh , Appel Lawrence , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStandard triplicate blood pressure (BP) measurements pose time barriers to hypertension screening, especially in resource‐limited settings. We assessed the implications of simplified approaches using fewer measurements with adults (≥18 years old) not using anti‐hypertensive medications from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2016 (n = 30 614), and two datasets from May Measurement Month 2017‐2018 (n = 14 795 for Nepal and n = 6 771 for India). We evaluated the proportion of misclassification of hypertension when employing the following simplified approaches: using only 1st BP, only 2nd BP, 2nd if 1st BP in a given range (otherwise using 1st), and average of 1st and 2nd BP. Hypertension was defined as average of 2nd and 3rd systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg. Using only the 1st BP, the proportion of missed hypertension ranged from 8.2%–12.1% and overidentified hypertension from 4.3%–9.1%. Using only 2nd BP reduced the misclassification considerably (corresponding estimates, 4.9%–6.4% for missed hypertension and 2.0%–4.4% for overidentified hypertension) but needed 2nd BP in all participants. Using 2nd BP if 1st BP ≥130/80 demonstrated similar estimates of missed hypertension (3.8%–8.1%) and overidentified hypertension (2.0%–3.9%), but only required a 2nd BP in 33.8%–59.8% of participants. In conclusion, a simplified approach utilizing 1st BP supplemented by 2nd BP in some individuals has low misclassification rates and requires approximately half of the total number of measurements compared to the standard approach, and thus can facilitate screening in resource‐constrained settings.
The Impact of Immigration on Attitudes toward the EU: Evidence from a Three‐Country Survey Experiment*
Authors: Ringlerova Zuzana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmigration is one of the important issues that influence attitudes toward the EU. It is unclear, however, what causal mechanisms explain this link. Is the causal mechanism rooted in identity the only causal mechanism involved? Or do other causal mechanisms play a role as well? In an analysis of data from an original framing experiment conducted in Germany, Italy, and Czechia, I find that in Italy, exposure to information about negative consequences of immigration leads to more negative attitudes to the EU. This effect happens via causal mechanisms rooted in economic concerns and national politics rather than via the identity mechanism. In Germany and Czechia, the analysis finds no systematic relationship. Overall, this study shows that receiving information about negative consequences of immigration is related to attitudes toward the EU to a lesser degree and via different causal mechanisms than existing literature would have us expect.
Alpha oscillatory activity during attentional control in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and ASD+ADHD
Authors: Cañigueral Roser , Palmer Jason , Ashwood Karen L. , Azadi Bahar , Asherson Philip , Bolton Patrick F. , McLoughlin Gráinne , Tye Charlotte 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) share impairments in top‐down and bottom‐up modulation of attention. However, it is not yet well understood if co‐occurrence of ASD and ADHD reflects a distinct or additive profile of attention deficits. We aimed to characterise alpha oscillatory activity (stimulus‐locked alpha desynchronisation and prestimulus alpha) as an index of integration of top‐down and bottom‐up attentional processes in ASD and ADHD.MethodsChildren with ASD, ADHD, comorbid ASD+ADHD, and typically‐developing children completed a fixed‐choice reaction‐time task (‘Fast task’) while neurophysiological activity was recorded. Outcome measures were derived from source‐decomposed neurophysiological data. Main measures of interest were prestimulus alpha power and alpha desynchronisation (difference between poststimulus and prestimulus alpha). Poststimulus activity linked to attention allocation (P1, P3), attentional control (N2), and cognitive control (theta synchronisation, 100–600 ms) was also examined. ANOVA was used to test differences across diagnostics groups on these measures. Spearman’s correlations were used to investigate the relationship between attentional control processes (alpha oscillations), central executive functions (theta synchronisation), early visual processing (P1), and behavioural performance.ResultsChildren with ADHD (ADHD and ASD+ADHD) showed attenuated alpha desynchronisation, indicating poor integration of top‐down and bottom‐up attentional processes. Children with ADHD showed reduced N2 and P3 amplitudes, while children with ASD (ASD and ASD+ADHD) showed greater N2 amplitude, indicating atypical attentional control and attention allocation across ASD and ADHD. In the ASD group, prestimulus alpha and theta synchronisation were negatively correlated, and alpha desynchronisation and theta synchronisation were positively correlated, suggesting an atypical association between attentional control processes and executive functions.ConclusionsASD and ADHD are associated with disorder‐specific impairments, while children with ASD+ADHD overall presented an additive profile with attentional deficits of both disorders. Importantly, these findings may inform the improvement of transdiagnostic procedures and optimisation of personalised intervention approaches.
Preliminary observations on the movement ecology of a crested horn shark (Heterodontus galeatus)
Authors: Bass Nathan Charles , Day Joanna , Guttridge Tristan L. , Knott Nathan A. , Brown Culum 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe residency and movements of a single acoustically tagged female crested horn shark (Heterodontus galeatus) were monitored in Jervis Bay, Australia. The individual was intermittently detected by receivers throughout the 8‐year study period and showed preference for particular rocky reefs in terms of its residency indices and duration of residency events. This individual exhibited lower residency and dissimilar movement patterns to that of the well‐studied and sympatric Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni), highlighting the need for research into the basic life history and movement ecology of H. galeatus.
Turcichondrostoma, a new genus for the Leuciscidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Southwestern Anatolia
Authors: Turan Davut , Küçük Fahrettin , Güçlü Salim Serkan , Aksu İsmail 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTurcichondrostoma, a new genus, from the Southwestern Anatolia is distinguished by having fewer gill rakers on first gill arch and morphologies of premaxilla and dentary bones. In addition, as a result of the phylogenetic analyses based on combine data set (mtDNA COI + Cytb) sequences (1706 bp.), Turcichondrostoma genus was recovered with high posterior probability value (BI PP:1.0) and strong‐supported bootstrap value (ML BP: 100%) among the former Chondrostoma groups. Also, high K2P mean genetic distance values (more than 7.84%) differentiated genus Turcichondrostoma from the other genera of former Chondrostoma group. The results of both morphological‐osteological and molecular analyses are congruent with each other. The results of this study revealed that the genus Turcichondrostoma is easily distinguished from the genera in Chondrostoma group.
Technologies for extraction of oil from oilseeds and other plant sources in retrospect and prospects: A review
Authors: Rani Heena , Sharma Sanjula , Bala Manju 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe vegetable oils are obtained from the oilseeds and also from other oil bearing parts of plants like fruits (mesocarp and/or stones), tubers, germs, sprouts, and so on. A host of methods are employed to obtain the oil from different matrices and each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The traditional methods of oil extraction are exhaustive and have low efficacy, while conventional method of mechanical pressing is simple and involves low cost but considered as an inefficient method because of low oil recovery when compared with chemical extraction methods. Due to higher oil recovery and economic gains, chemical methods of oil extraction are preferred globally; however, the chemical solvents used exhibited detrimental effect on the environment, oil quality, and human health, which impelled the development of new technologies. New advanced eco‐friendly techniques namely, enzyme‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction can easily overcome the shortcomings of the conventional methods and holds the potential to meet the ever‐increasing demand of edible oils.Practical applicationsLimited land availability and growing demands for vegetable oils call for the development of improved cultivars for harnessing higher yields as well as more efficient oil extraction technologies to augment oil recovery from different oilseed crops without compromising with the oil quality. Widely practiced traditional and conventional methods of extraction have various disadvantages namely, use of solvents, protractive protocols, and have adverse effects on environment, oil quality, and human health. Therefore, in order to overcome the demerits associated with the existing methods, green extraction technologies have been developed as an alternative, which offer various advantages like less extraction time, high extraction yields, and quality and minimized solvent consumption. The information compiled in this review on various extraction technologies will help oilseed processors and researchers in choosing the most appropriate method of oil extraction in order to achieve high yields without compromising the inherent quality of oil.
Long‐term effects of entecavir and tenofovir treatment on the fibrotic burden in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chon Young Eun , Kim Seung Up , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Hye Won , Lee Han Ah , Kim Mi Na , Roh Yun Ho , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Tak Won Young , Park Soo Young , Kim Beom Kyung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAntiviral therapy (AVT) induces fibrosis regression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We investigated long‐term effects of entecavir (ETV) versus tenofovir (TDF) on fibrotic burden.MethodsTreatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients who had begun ETV or TDF were recruited from four tertiary hospitals. The aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB‐4) were used to determine fibrotic burden.ResultsIn the entire population (n = 3277), although patients treated with ETV had higher baseline APRI (1.71 vs 1.07, P < 0.001) and FIB‐4 (3.60 vs 2.80, P < 0.001) than those treated with TDF, significant fibrosis regression was identified during 6 years of AVT in both ETV (APRI, mean 1.71 → 0.48, P < 0.001; FIB‐4, mean 3.60 → 2.21, P < 0.001) and TDF groups (APRI, mean 1.07 → 0.43, P < 0.001; FIB‐4, mean 2.80 → 2.19, P < 0.001). In patients without cirrhosis (n = 2366), baseline APRI was significantly higher in ETV group than in TDF group (1.72 vs 0.97, P < 0.001); however, they became similar after 6 months. Similarly, baseline FIB‐4 was significantly higher in ETV group than in TDF group (3.25 vs 2.35, P < 0.001), but became similar from 4 to 6 years. In patients with cirrhosis (n = 911), baseline APRI (1.70 vs 1.34, P < 0.001) and FIB‐4 (4.62 vs 3.91, P = 0.005) were higher in ETV group than in TDF, however, both parameters became statistically similar from 6 months to 6 years.ConclusionSignificant regression of APRI and FIB‐4 was observed during long‐term ETV and TDF treatment. Despite higher baseline fibrotic burden in ETV group, fibrotic burden between the groups eventually converged through significant fibrosis regression after 1 to 4 years of AVT.