bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Baimukhamedova A.M. , Baimukhamedova G.S. , Komissarova O.V. 
Published: December 2024

The rail transport remains and will in the foreseeable future remain the main mode of transport in Kazakhstan. Its importance is enhanced by the growing transit rail traffic between China and the European Union as well as between the Central Asian countries and Russia, by the fact that Kazakhstan is a landlocked country and by an active development of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative. This is why it is so important to consider the problems of and prospects for the development of railway infrastructure in the country. The study is based on the relevant literature review and interviews with representatives of major market players and academia.
Теміржол көлігі Қазақстандағы жақын болашақта негізгі көлік түрі болып қала береді және болып қала береді. Оның маңыздылығы Қытай мен Еуропалық Одақ, сондай-ақ Орталық Азия елдері мен Ресей арасындағы транзиттік теміржол тасымалының өсуімен, Қазақстанның теңізге шыға алмайтындығымен және Қытайдың «Бір белдеу, бір жол» бастамасының белсенді дамуымен арта түседі. Сондықтан еліміздегі теміржол инфрақұрылымын дамытудың проблемалары мен перспективаларын қарастыру өте маңызды. Зерттеу тиісті әдебиеттерді шолуға және нарықтың негізгі ойыншылары мен академиялық орта өкілдерімен сұхбаттарға негізделген.
Железнодорожный транспорт остается и в обозримом будущем останется основным видом транспорта в Казахстане. Его значение усиливается растущими транзитными железнодорожными перевозками между Китаем и Европейским Союзом, а также между странами Центральной Азии и Россией, тем, что Казахстан не имеет выхода к морю, а также активным развитием китайской инициативы «Пояс и путь». Именно поэтому так важно рассмотреть проблемы и перспективы развития железнодорожной инфраструктуры в стране. Исследование основано на обзоре соответствующей литературы и интервью с представителями основных игроков рынка и научных кругов.
Анализ социально-экономического развития регионов Казахстана
Authors: Лучанинова А.А. , Притула Е.Е. 
Published: December 2024

В Республике Казахстан отмечается диспропорция развития территории. Целью исследования является анализ развития территориального неравенства на основе показателей реального сектора экономики и социальной политики. Ключевой задачей является определение факторов неравномерного развития регионов. Полученные данные дали возможность выявить причины данных явлений и оценить качество экономического пространства регионов Казахстана. На основе анализа было показано, что развитие территорий в Казахстане сосредоточено в полюсах роста сервисной экономики и регионах с ярко выраженной горнодобывающей промышленностью.
Қазақстан Республикасында аумақты дамытудың диспропорциясы байқалады. Зерттеудің мақсаты экономиканың нақты секторы мен әлеуметтік саясаттың көрсеткіштері негізінде аумақтық теңсіздіктің дамуын талдау болып табылады. Негізгі міндет өңірлердің біркелкі емес даму факторларын анықтау болып табылады. Алынған деректер осы құбылыстардың себептерін анықтауға және Қазақстан өңірлерінің экономикалық кеңістігінің сапасын бағалауға мүмкіндік берді. Талдау негізінде Қазақстандағы аумақтардың дамуы сервистік экономиканың өсу полюстерінде және тау-кен өнеркәсібі айқын өңірлерде шоғырланғандығы көрсетілді.
There is a disproportion in the development of the territory in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of territorial inequality based on indicators of the real sector of the economy and social policy. The key task is to identify the factors of uneven development of the regions. The data obtained made it possible to identify the causes of these phenomena and assess the quality of the economic space of the regions of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, it was shown that the development of territories in Kazakhstan is concentrated in the poles of growth of the service economy and regions with a pronounced mining industry.
РЕШЕНИЕ ЗАДАЧ МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ
Authors: Еслямов С.Г. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены системы оперативного и адаптивного управления (СОАУ) с учетом комплекса показателей финансово-хозяйственной деятельности (ФХД) предприятия. Комплексный учет этих показателей весьма проблематичен из-за отсутствия системного подхода к проблеме в целом, недостаточной разработки вопросов информационного и математического обеспечения. Автором разработана математическая модель рещения задачи многокритериальной оптимизации производственных процессов.
Мақалада кәсіпорынның қаржылық-шаруашылық қызметінің (ҚЭҚ) көрсеткіштерінің жиынтығын ескере отырып, операциялық және бейімделген басқару жүйелері (OSAC) қарастырылады. Бұл көрсеткіштерді кешенді есепке алу проблемаға тұтастай жүйелі көзқарастың жоқтығынан, ақпараттық-математикалық қамтамасыз ету мәселелерінің жеткіліксіз дамуымен байланысты өте проблемалы болып табылады. Автор өндірістік процестерді көпкритериалды оңтайландыру мәселесін шешудің математикалық моделін жасады.
The article considers the systems of operational and adaptive management (SOAM) taking into account a set of indicators of financial and economic activity (FEA) of the enterprise. Complex accounting of these indicators is very problematic due to the lack of a systematic approach to the problem as a whole, insufficient development of information and mathematical support. The author has developed a mathematical model of solving the problem of multicriteria optimisation of production processes.
Некоторые особенности формирования правового статуса личности в Казахстане
Authors: Узакбаева А.Б. , Шунаева С.М. 
Published: December 2024

В статье авторы, опираясь на анализ научной литературы, статей и нормативно-правовых актов, раскрывают некоторые особенности формирования правового статуса личности в Казахстане. Необходимость изучения данного вопроса является эффективным инструментом в понимании основополагающих принципов правового государства и построение взаимоотвественных отношений между государством и гражданином. Знание и анализ различных подходов в понимании правового статуса личности, позволяет раскрыть данный юридический феномен в полном объеме.
Мақалада авторлар ғылыми әдебиеттерді, мақалалар мен нормативтік-құқықтық актілерді талдауға сүйене отырып, Қазақстанда жеке тұлғаның құқықтық мәртебесін қалыптастырудың кейбір ерекшеліктерін ашады. Бұл мәселені зерделеу қажеттілігі құқықтық мемлекеттің негізгі қағидаттарын түсінудің және мемлекет пен азамат арасындағы өзара қарымқатынастарды құрудың тиімді құралы болып табылады. Тұлғаның құқықтық мәртебесін түсінудегі әртүрлі тәсілдерді білу және талдау осы заңды құбылысты толық ашуға мүмкіндік береді.
In the article, the authors, based on the analysis of scientific literature, articles and normative legal acts, reveal some features of the formation of the legal status of an individual in Kazakhstan. The need to study this issue is an effective tool in understanding the fundamental principles of the rule of law and building mutually beneficial relations between the state and the citizen. Knowledge and analysis of various approaches to understanding the legal status of a person allows us to reveal this legal phenomenon in full.
Perkembangan Teori dan Penerapan Asas Legalitas dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Dedi , W.N Zulbaidah , Almanda Angga , Abdinur Iswandi , Putra Devi Yanda , Andriani Cut Yessi , Zulhazrul Zulhazrul 
Published: December 2024

Asas legalitas merupakan prinsip fundamental dalam hukum pidana yang menegaskan bahwa tidak ada perbuatan yang dapat dipidana tanpa aturan hukum yang jelas sebelumnya (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege). Dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, asas ini menjadi landasan utama dalam menciptakan kepastian hukum dan melindungi hak asasi manusia, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1 ayat (1) KUHP. Namun, perkembangan kejahatan modern seperti kejahatan siber, tindak pidana transnasional, dan kompleksitas hukum internasional memunculkan tantangan baru dalam penerapan asas legalitas. Ketidakjelasan perumusan undang-undang, keterbatasan regulasi, dan kebutuhan fleksibilitas hukum menjadi isu yang memengaruhi efektivitas asas ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan teori asas legalitas, tantangan dalam penerapannya, serta langkah-langkah untuk memperkuat relevansinya di era hukum modern. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka, penelitian ini mengkaji literatur hukum, putusan pengadilan, dan norma internasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan asas legalitas memerlukan pembaruan regulasi untuk mengakomodasi perkembangan teknologi, peningkatan kompetensi aparat hukum, dan harmonisasi dengan hukum internasional. Kesimpulannya, meskipun asas legalitas menghadapi tantangan, upaya reformasi dan adaptasi yang tepat dapat menjadikannya tetap relevan sebagai landasan utama dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia yang adil, efektif, dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat.
Special economic zones as a mechanism for territorial development ensuring national security in the context of sanctions restrictions
Authors: Starovoitov Vladimir Gavrilovich , Krupnov Yurii Aleksandrovich 
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the socio-economic relations that arise during the formation and functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions restrictions. The object of the study is the economic development and ensuring the national security of Russia in the context of sanctions pressure from "Western" countries. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations on the creation and functioning of special economic zones to ensure socio-economic development and national security of Russia under sanctions. In order to achieve this goal, successfully functioning special economic zones were analyzed. The economic and social changes arising in Russian regions and municipalities as a result of the SEZ activities are identified. It is shown that these changes are complex and have a significant positive effect on the socio-economic development of the territory. The necessity of the formation and functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation is substantiated. The research used the method of system analysis, comparative analysis, the method of analysis and synthesis, methods of structural and factor analysis. The main conclusions of the study: - in conditions of severe sanctions restrictions, the structural transformation of the economy is being carried out based on domestic resources and domestic capital; - SEZs with developed infrastructure and favorable business conditions are an effective mechanism for attracting investments, expanding import substitution activities, strengthening technological independence, etc. - a successfully functioning SEZ is an effective mechanism for territorial development and ensuring national security. The author's special contribution to the study is to analyze and develop proposals for the creation and development of special economic zones under sanctions restrictions for federal, regional and municipal authorities on the example of the SEZ "Vladimir". The novelty of the research lies in the creation and dissemination of best practices for the formation and functioning of the SEZ as a mechanism for territorial development and ensuring national security in the face of unprecedented sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation from "Western" countries.
Utilizing the Susceptible Infectious Susceptible (sis) Model to Evaluate the Risk for Waterborne Parasites to Spread through Household Water Sources in Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Augustine Asakizi Nji , Atud Asi Quigle , Mama Mbouombouo , Aghaindum Ajeagah Gideon 
Published: December 2024

This research presents a distributed continuous-time epidemic model, called a SUSCEPTIBLE INFECTIOUS SUSCEPTIBLE- SIS model to denote a waterborne disease spreading over a network of different domestic waters sources such as tap water, well water and spring water in the understanding of infectious pathogens in the Municipality of Bamenda. It involves multiple groups of individuals sharing a water source which comprises the population in the communities or quarter of Upstation mile 1, Nkwen, Mankon and Nsongwa in and around this urban area. A sufficient condition is obtained for the healthy state, at which all individuals are not infected and the water is not contaminated, to be globally asymptotically stable. The effects of the shared water source on the disease spreading were analyzed through the comparison of the basic reproduction number with the networked SIS model without water and demonstrated via simulations. It was realized that human activities and generally anthropogenic influences contaminate these water sources making individuals of this localities to become susceptible to waterborne infections. The characterization and identification of intestinal parasites reveal that, those who consume these contaminated water were infected and these infected individuals intend re-contaminate the environment including water bodies and or food thereby by making the population and uninfected individuals susceptible to waterborne diseases in the community.
Computational Modeling of Metal Separations by Solvent Extraction
Authors: Carrick Andrew I. , Morrison Carole A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Society requires metals for a wide range of applications, with almost every metal having an industrial application. Solvent extraction processes, originally designed for the recovery of uranium from spent nuclear waste, can provide a sustainable means of separating and purifying metals from primary and secondary sources. It is important to understand the mode of action of current systems to aid the rational design of new, more efficient solvent extraction processes as demand for metal separation technology grows. Herein, we review the application of a variety of computational techniques in understanding and developing solvent extraction processes. The use of classical and quantum mechanical models to study both the aqueous and organic phases, as well as the phase boundary, is considered.
The Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Optimization Program
Authors: Langer‐Gould Annette , Cheng Stephen C. , Li Bonnie H. , Kanter Michael H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo design and implement a health system level intervention to reduce escalating multiple sclerosis (MS) disease modifying treatment (DMT) expenditures and improve outcomes.MethodsWe conducted stakeholder meetings, reviewed pharmacy utilization data, and abstracted information in subsets of persons with MS (pwMS) from the electronic health record to identify gaps in, and barriers to improving, quality, and affordability of MS care in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. These results informed the development and implementation of the MS Treatment Optimization Program (MSTOP).ResultsThe two main gaps identified were under‐prescribing of highly effective DMTs (HET, 4.9%) and the preferred formulary DMT (20.9%) among DMT‐treated pwMS. The main barriers identified were prescribers’ fear of rare but serious HET side effects, lack of MS‐specific and health systems science knowledge, Pharma influence, evidence gaps, formulary decisions‐based solely on costs, and multidirectional mistrust between neurologists, practice leaders, and health plan pharmacists. To overcome these barriers MSTOP developed four strategies: (1) risk‐stratified treatment algorithm to increase use of HETs; (2) an expert‐led ethical, cost‐sensitive, risk‐stratified, preferred formulary; (3) proactive counter‐launch campaigns to minimize uptake of new, low‐value DMTs; and (4) discontinuation of ineffective DMTs in progressive, non‐relapsing MS. The multicomponent MSTOP was implemented through education, training, and expanding access to MS‐trained providers, audit and feedback, and continual evidence reviews.InterpretationThe causes of wasteful spending on MS DMTs are complex and require multiple strategies to resolve. We provide herein granular details of how we designed and implemented our health system intervention to facilitate its adaption to other settings and conditions.
A Self‐Healing and Ionic Liquid Affiliative Polyurethane toward a Piezo 2 Protein Inspired Ionic Skin
Authors: Chen Chao , Ying Wu Bin , Li Jiayi , Kong Zhengyang , Li Fenglong , Hu Han , Tian Ying , Kim Do Hwan , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhu Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIonic skin (I‐Skin) has the advantage of feasible compatibility with biological systems. Nevertheless, developing a stable and durable ionic skin is challenging. Here, an ionic polyurethane (i‐PU) is synthesized, which is capable of self‐healing and able to lock the ionic liquids (ILs). In detail, an ionic chain extender containing an ammonium cationic group is synthesized, followed by the polymerization to obtain the target i‐PU. Through electrostatic interaction and chain diffusion, the i‐PU can be fully self‐healed at room temperature within 400 min. Afterward, low contact angle (37°) of the i‐PU against IL and the density functional theory (DFT) calculation prove their good compatibility and strong interaction, originating from the electrostatic interaction. The Raman intensity map shows the reversible process of the enrichment and restoration of ionic concentration on the i‐PU/IL surface when external pressure is applied or released, proving stable binding of ions by ionic polymer chains. Lastly, the self‐healing I‐Skin based on the i‐PU/IL is fabricated with a wide range of pressures (0–120 kPa), fast response time (32 ms), excellent antifatigue property (2% attenuation after 1000 cycles), and remarkable sensitivity (52.4 kPa–1).
4D Printing of Engineered Living Materials
Authors: Rivera‐Tarazona Laura K. , Shukla Tarjani , Singh Kanwar Abhay , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Campbell Zachary T. , Ware Taylor H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, a method that uses direct‐ink‐write printing to fabricate engineering living materials (ELMs) that respond by undergoing a programmed shape change in response to specific molecules is reported. Stimuli‐responsiveness is imparted to ELMs by integrating genetically engineered yeast that only proliferate in the presence of specific biomolecules. This proliferation, in turn, leads to a shape change in the ELM in response to that biomolecule. These ELMs are fabricated by coprinting bioinks that contain multiple yeast strains. Locally, cellular proliferation leads to controllable shape change of the material resulting in up to a 370% increase in volume. Globally, the printed 3D structures contain regions of material that increase in volume and regions that do not under a given set of conditions, leading to programmable changes in form in response to target amino acids and nucleotides. Finally, this printing method is applied to design a reservoir‐based drug delivery system for the on‐demand delivery of a model drug in response to a specific biomolecule.
Amphipathic Binder Integrating Ultrathin and Highly Ion‐Conductive Sulfide Membrane for Cell‐Level High‐Energy‐Density All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Cao Daxian , Li Qiang , Sun Xiao , Wang Ying , Zhao Xianhui , Cakmak Ercan , Liang Wentao , Anderson Alexander , Ozcan Soydan , Zhu Hongli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrent sulfide solid‐state electrolyte (SE) membranes utilized in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASLBs) have a high thickness (0.5–1.0 mm) and low ion conductance (<25 mS), which limit the cell‐level energy and power densities. Based on ethyl cellulose's unique amphipathic molecular structure, superior thermal stability, and excellent binding capability, this work fabricates a freestanding SE membrane with an ultralow thickness of 47 µm. With ethyl cellulose as an effective disperser and a binder, the Li6PS5Cl is uniformly dispersed in toluene and possesses superior film formability. In addition, an ultralow areal resistance of 4.32 Ω cm−2 and a remarkable ion conductance of 291 mS (one order higher than the state‐of‐the‐art sulfide SE membrane) are achieved. The ASLBs assembled with this SE membrane deliver cell‐level high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 175 Wh kg−1 and 675 Wh L−1, individually.
Modeling the Triboelectric Behaviors of Elastomeric Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Wang Yanan , Shim Eunkyoung , He Nanfei , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTheoretical modeling of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is fundamental to their performance optimization, since it can provide useful guidance on the material selection, structure design, and parameter control of relevant systems. Built on the theoretical model of film‐based TENGs, here, an analytical model is introduced for conductor‐to‐dielectric contact‐mode nonwoven‐based TENGs, which copes with the unique hierarchical structure of nonwovens and details the correlation between the triboelectric output (maximum transferred charge density) and nonwoven structural parameters (thickness, solidity, and average fiber diameter). A series of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene nonwoven samples are fabricated through a melt‐blowing process to map nonwoven structural features within certain ranges, while an ion‐injection protocol is adopted to quantify the triboelectric output with superior consistency and reproducibility. With a database containing structural features and triboelectric output of 43 nonwoven samples, a good model fitting is achieved via nonlinear regression analysis in Python, which also shows good predictive power and suggests the existing of tribo‐output maxima at a specific thickness, solidity, or average fiber diameter when other structural parameters are fixed. The model is also successfully applied to a group of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens, which verifies its universality on meltblown‐nonwoven‐based TENGs.
2D Piezoelectric Bi2MoO6 Nanoribbons for GSH‐Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dong Yushan , Dong Shuming , Liu Bin , Yu Chenghao , Liu Jing , Yang Dan , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReducing the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevating ROS production are two primary goals of developing novel sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Hence, ultrathin 2D Bi2MoO6–poly(ethylene glycol) nanoribbons (BMO NRs) are designed as piezoelectric sonosensitizers for glutathione (GSH)‐enhanced SDT. In cancer cells, BMO NRs can consume endogenous GSH to disrupt redox homeostasis, and the GSH‐activated BMO NRs (GBMO) exhibit an oxygen‐deficient structure, which can promote the separation of electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing the efficiency of ROS production in SDT. The ultrathin GBMO NRs are piezoelectric, in which ultrasonic waves introduce mechanical strain to the nanoribbons, resulting in piezoelectric polarization and band tilting, thus accelerating toxic ROS production. The as‐synthesized BMO NRs enable excellent computed tomography imaging of tumors and significant tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo. A piezoelectric Bi2MoO6 sonosensitizer‐mediated two‐step enhancement SDT process, which is activated by endogenous GSH and amplified by exogenous ultrasound, is proposed. This process not only provides new options for improving SDT but also broadens the application of 2D piezoelectric materials as sonosensitizers in SDT.