bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic-like Experiences and Common Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: Bidirectional and Transdiagnostic Associations in a Longitudinal Community-based Study
Authors: Giocondo José G , Salum Giovanni A , Gadelha Ary , Argolo Felipe C , Simioni André R , Mari Jair J , Miguel Euripedes C , Bressan Rodrigo A , Rohde Luis A , Pan Pedro M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Psychotic-like Experiences (PE) in early adolescence may increase the risk for later psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. Common psychiatric disorders may also increase the risk of PE later in life. We aim to explore bidirectional associations of PE and common mental disorders among 1712 youth from a 3-year follow-up community-based study. At baseline, we evaluated 6–12 years old subjects using dimensional and categorical measures of PE by self-reports and clinician ratings. Common mental disorders were assessed by structured interviews grouped into DSM-based categories (Depressive, Anxiety, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Disruptive Behavior Disorders) and Common Adolescent Behaviors (Substance Use and Self-harm). Subjects were reassessed with the same instruments after 3 years. Our study suggests an association between PE variables over time. A total of 15.9% (n = 272) participants scored above cutoff values at baseline and an increased proportion of 20.9% (n = 358) remained positive after follow-up. We also found bidirectional associations between PE and Common Mental Disorders. Baseline PE increased the risk of Depressive Disorders, Substance Use, and Self-harm, whereas baseline ADHD was associated with later PE. Comorbidity analyses showed significant relationships in both directions, with increased risk of PE according to the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders. We showed that subthreshold psychotic symptoms predict subsequent Depressive Disorders and that, reciprocally, other comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD, can predict its future expression. These findings suggest PE might be a part of a shared psychiatric vulnerability continuum, with distinct phenotypes over development.
Decomposing Learning Inequalities in East Africa: How Much Does Sorting Matter?
Authors: Anand Paul , Behrman Jere R , Dang Hai-Anh H , Jones Sam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Inequalities in learning opportunities arise from both household- and school-related factors. Although these factors are unlikely to be independent, few studies have considered the extent to which sorting between schools and households might aggravate educational inequalities. To fill this gap, this article presents a novel variance decomposition, which is then applied to data from over one million children from East Africa. Results indicate that sorting accounts for around 8 percent of the test-score variance, similar in magnitude to the contribution of differences in school quality. Empirical simulations of steady-state educational inequalities reveal that policies to mitigate sorting could substantially reduce educational inequalities over the long run.
Awareness and perceptions among members of a Japanese cancer patient advocacy group concerning the financial relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians: a mixed-methods analysis of survey data
Authors: Murayama Anju , Senoo Yuki , Harada Kayo , Kotera Yasuhiro , Saito Hiroaki , Sawano Toyoaki , Suzuki Yosuke , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Ozaki Akihiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesFinancial conflicts of interest (FCOI) between pharmaceutical companies (Pharma) and healthcare domains may unduly influence physician-led clinical practice and patient-centered care. However, the extent of awareness and perceptions of FCOI among Japanese cancer patients remains unclear. This study aimed to assess these factors and their impacts on physician trustworthiness among Japanese cancer patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study using self-administered surveys was conducted on a Japanese cancer patient advocacy group with 800 registered members from January to February 2019. Main outcome measures included awareness and perceptions of physician-Pharma interactions, their impact on physician trustworthiness, and attitudes towards FCOI among professions. We also performed thematic analyses on additional comments responders provided in the surveys.ResultsAmong the 524 invited members, 96 (18.3%) completed the questionnaire. Of these, 69 (77.5%) were cancer patients. The proportion of participants aware of such interactions ranged from 2.1% to 65.3%, depending on the interaction type. Participants were generally neutral on how the interactions would affect physician trustworthiness. A large proportion of participants agreed that these interactions were unethical, could influence physicians’ prescribing behavior leading to unnecessary prescriptions, and negatively affect physician trustworthiness. Qualitative responses (n=56) indicated that patients expected physicians to use sound ethical judgment and avoid accepting incentives. Participants were also concerned about their treatment and the undue influence of FCOI on physicians.ConclusionMost participants were aware of at least one FCOI between Pharma and physicians and perceived them negatively. Further efforts to regulate FCOI appear necessary to protect patient-centered care.
The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lambda (C.37) in South America
Authors: Romero Pedro E. , Dávila-Barclay Alejandra , Salvatierra Guillermo , González Luis , Cuicapuza Diego , Solis Luis , Marcos-Carbajal Pool , Huancachoque Janet , Maturrano Lenin , Tsukayama Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the emergence of a novel lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in South America, termed C.37. It presents seven nonsynonymous mutations in the Spike gene (Δ247-253, G75V, T76I, L452Q, F490S, T859N) and a deletion in the ORF1a gene (Δ3675-3677) also found in variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Initially reported in Lima, Peru, in late December 2020, it now accounts for 97% of Peruvian public genomes in April 2021. It is expanding in Chile and Argentina, and there is evidence of onward transmission in Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, the USA, Germany, and Israel. On June 15, 2021, the World Health Organization designated C.37 as Variant of Interest (VOI) Lambda.
Examining spousal and family support as predictors of long-term weight loss and remission of type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery
Authors: Tan Edina YQ , Lee Phong Ching , Tham Kwang Wei , Ganguly Sonali , Lim Chin Hong , Liu Jean CJ 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative outcomes vary considerably across bariatric patients and may be related to psychosocial factors. In this study, we examined whether a patient’s family support predicts weight loss and the remission of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) up to 5 years following surgery.MethodsBetween 2008 to 2018, 359 patients completed a pre-surgical questionnaire before undergoing gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. As part of the questionnaire, patients described their family support in terms of structure (marital status, number of family members in the household) and function (marriage satisfaction, family emotional support, family practical support). These were applied as predictors to percent total weight loss (%TWL) and T2DM remission at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years following surgery.ResultsMarital satisfaction was found to be a significant predictor of post-surgical weight trajectories. Namely, patients who reported higher marital satisfaction were more likely to sustain weight loss than patients who reported lower marital satisfaction (β = 0.92, SE = 0.37,p= 0.02).ConclusionsGiven the link between marital support and long-term weight outcomes, providers could consider asking patients about their spousal relationships during pre-surgical counselling.Key Points⍰Psychosocial factors may influence postoperative outcomes⍰Family support was examined as a predictor of weight loss and type 2 diabetes⍰Marital satisfaction significantly predicted post-surgical weight trajectories
Modeling robust COVID-19 intensive care unit occupancy thresholds for imposing mitigation to prevent exceeding capacities
Authors: Runge Manuela , Richardson Reese A.K. , Clay Patrick , Eagan Arielle , Holden Tobias M. , Singam Manisha , Tsuboyama Natsumi , Arevalo Philip , Fornoff Jane , Patrick Sarah , Ezike Ngozi O. , Gerardin Jaline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn managing COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical interventions, occupancy of intensive care units (ICU) is often used as an indicator to inform when to intensify mitigation and thus reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, strain on ICUs, and deaths. However, ICU occupancy thresholds at which action should be taken are often selected arbitrarily. We propose a quantitative approach using mathematical modeling to identify ICU occupancy thresholds at which mitigation should be triggered to avoid exceeding the ICU capacity available for COVID-19 patients. We used a stochastic compartmental model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease progression, including critical cases that would require intensive care. We calibrated the model for the United States city of Chicago using daily COVID-19 ICU and hospital census data between March and August 2020. We projected ICU occupancies from September to May 2021 under two possible levels of transmission increase. The effect of combined mitigation measures was modeled as a decrease in the transmission rate that took effect when projected ICU occupancy reached a specified threshold. We found that mitigation did not immediately eliminate the risk of exceeding ICU capacity. Delaying action by 7 days increased the probability of exceeding ICU capacity by 10-60% and this increase could not be counteracted by stronger mitigation. Even under modest transmission increase, a threshold occupancy no higher than 60% was required when mitigation reduced the reproductive number Rt to just below 1. At higher transmission increase, a threshold of at most 40% was required with mitigation that reduced Rt below 0.75 within the first two weeks after mitigation. Our analysis demonstrates a quantitative approach for the selection of ICU occupancy thresholds that considers parameter uncertainty and compares relevant mitigation and transmission scenarios. An appropriate threshold will depend on the location, number of ICU beds available for COVID-19, available mitigation options, feasible mitigation strengths, and tolerated durations of intensified mitigation.
RT-LAMP has high accuracy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and naso/oropharyngeal swabs from asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals
Authors: Kidd Stephen P. , Burns Daniel , Armson Bryony , Beggs Andrew D. , Howson Emma L. A. , Williams Anthony , Snell Gemma , Wise Emma L. , Goring Alice , Vincent-Mistiaen Zoe , Grippon Seden , Sawyer Jason , Cassar Claire , Cross David , Lewis Thomas , Reid Scott M. , Rivers Samantha , James Joe , Skinner Paul , Banyard Ashley , Davies Kerrie , Ptasinska Anetta , Whalley Celina , Ferguson Jack , Bryer Claire , Poxon Charlie , Bosworth Andrew , Kidd Michael , Richter Alex , Burton Jane , Love Hannah , Fouch Sarah , Tillyer Claire , Sowood Amy , Patrick Helen , Moore Nathan , Andreou Michael , Morant Nick , Houghton Rebecca , Parker Joe , Slater-Jefferies Joanne , Brown Ian , Gretton Cosima , Deans Zandra , Porter Deborah , Cortes Nicholas J. , Douglas Angela , Hill Sue L. , Godfrey Keith M. , Fowler Veronica L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have described RT-LAMP methodology for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swab and saliva samples. This study describes the validation of an improved sample preparation method for extraction free RT-LAMP and defines the clinical performance of four different RT-LAMP assay formats for detection of SARS-CoV-2 within a multisite clinical evaluation. Direct RT-LAMP was performed on 559 swabs and 86,760 saliva samples and RNA RT-LAMP on extracted RNA from 12,619 swabs and 12,521 saliva from asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals across healthcare and community settings. For Direct RT-LAMP, overall diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) of 70.35% (95% CI 63.48-76.60%) on swabs and 84.62% (79.50-88.88%) on saliva was observed, with diagnostic specificity (DSp) of 100% (98.98-100.00%) on swabs and 100% (99.72-100.00%) on saliva when compared to RT-qPCR; analysing samples with RT-qPCR ORF1ab CT values of ≤25 and ≤33, DSe of 100% (96.34-100%) and 77.78% (70.99-83.62%) for swabs were observed, and 99.01% (94.61-99.97%) and 87.61% (82.69-91.54%) for saliva, respectively. For RNA RT-LAMP, overall DSe and DSp were 96.06% (92.88-98.12%) and 99.99% (99.95-100%) for swabs, and 80.65% (73.54-86.54%) and 99.99% (99.95-100%) for saliva, respectively. These findings demonstrate that RT-LAMP is applicable to a variety of use-cases, including frequent, interval-based testing of saliva with Direct RT-LAMP from asymptomatic individuals that may otherwise be missed using symptomatic testing alone.
Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Brazil during COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Stephen X. , Huang Hao , Li Jizhen , Antonelli-Ponti Mayra , Farias de Paiva Scheila , Aparecido da Silva José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is extremely severe, and Brazil has the third-highest number of cases in the world. The goal of the study is to identify the prevalence rates and several predictors of depression and anxiety in Brazil during the initial outbreak of COVID-19. We surveyed 482 adults in 23 Brazilian states online on 9–22 May 2020, and found 70.3% of the adults (N=339) had depressive symptoms and 67.2% (N=320) had anxiety symptoms. The results of multi-class logistic regression models revealed that females, younger adults and those with fewer children had a higher likelihood of depression and anxiety symptoms; adults who worked as employees were more likely to have anxiety symptoms than those who were self-employed or unemployed; adults who spent more time browsing COVID-19 information online were more likely to have depression and anxiety symptoms. Our results provide preliminary evidence and early warning for psychiatrists and healthcare organizations to better identify and focus on the more vulnerable sub-populations in Brazil during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Effectiveness of mRNA and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes with variants of concern in Ontario
Authors: Nasreen Sharifa , Chung Hannah , He Siyi , Brown Kevin A. , Gubbay Jonathan B. , Buchan Sarah A. , Fell Deshayne B. , Austin Peter C. , Schwartz Kevin L. , Sundaram Maria E. , Calzavara Andrew , Chen Branson , Tadrous Mina , Wilson Kumanan , Wilson Sarah E. , Kwong Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) are more transmissible and have the potential for increased disease severity and decreased vaccine effectiveness. We estimated the effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty), mRNA-1273 (Moderna Spikevax), and ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca Vaxzevria) vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization or death caused by the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) VOCs in Ontario, Canada using a test-negative design study. Effectiveness against symptomatic infection ≥7 days after two doses was 89–92% against Alpha, 87% against Beta, 88% against Gamma, 82–89% against Beta/Gamma, and 87–95% against Delta across vaccine products. The corresponding estimates ≥14 days after one dose were lower. Effectiveness estimates against hospitalization or death were similar to, or higher than, against symptomatic infection. Effectiveness against symptomatic infection is generally lower for older adults (≥60 years) compared to younger adults (<60 years) for most of the VOC-vaccine combinations.
A prospective study of time-dependent childhood adversity and DNA methylation across childhood and adolescence
Authors: Lussier Alexandre A. , Zhu Yiwen , Smith Brooke J. , Cerutti Janine , Simpkin Andrew J. , Smith Andrew D.A.C. , Suderman Matthew J. , Walton Esther , Relton Caroline L , Ressler Kerry J. , Dunn Erin C. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren exposed to adversity often have epigenetic profiles, including DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures, that differ from children without adversity histories. These signatures may be more common among children exposed during sensitive periods in development. However, it remains unclear if adversity has persistent (versus transient) effects on the epigenome across childhood and adolescence. Thus, we examined the relationship between time-varying adversity and genome-wide DNAm, measured three times from birth to adolescence using prospective data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.MethodsWe first investigated the timing of exposure to seven types of adversity (measured 5-8 times between ages 0-11) and DNAm at age 15 using a structured life course modeling approach (SLCMA). We also assessed the persistence of adversity-DNAm associations identified from age 7 DNAm into adolescence and the influence of adversity on DNAm trajectories from ages 0-15.ResultsAdversity exposure was associated with differences in age 15 DNAm at 41 loci (R2≥0.035; p<1×10−5; 22 at FDR<0.05). Most loci were associated with adversities (i.e., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; one-adult households) occurring between ages 3-5. DNAm differences present at age 7 resolved by adolescence; age 15 differences were not apparent in childhood. We also identified six distinct DNAm trajectories that highlighted both immediate and latent effects of adversity. Associations were robust in internal validation analyses using nonparametric bootstrapping.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the immediate and latent effects of childhood adversity on DNAm, providing a potential biological mechanism linking adversity to physical and mental health outcomes across development.
Clinicogenomic analysis of breakthrough infections by SARS CoV2 variants after ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 vaccination in healthcare workers
Authors: Kale Pratibha , Gupta Ekta , Bihari Chhagan , Patel Niharika , Rooge Sheetalnath , Pandey Amit , Bajpai Meenu , Khillan Vikas , Chattopadhyay Partha , Devi Priti , Maurya Ranjeet , Jha Neha , Mehta Priyanka , Kumar Manish , Sharma Pooja , Saifi Sheeba , S Aparna , Alam Sarfaraz , Uppili Bharathram , Faruq Mohammed , Agrawal Anurag , Pandey Rajesh , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndia saw a massive surge and emergence of SARS CoV2 variants. We elucidated clinical and humoral immune response and genomic analysis of vaccine breakthrough (VBT) infections after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsThe study was conducted on 1858 HCWs receiving two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Serial blood samples were collected to measure SARS CoV2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies. 46 RT-PCR positive samples from VBT infections were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS).ResultsInfection was confirmed in 219 (11.79%) HCWs of which 21.46% (47/219) were non-vaccinated, significantly more (p <0.001) than 9.52% (156/1639) vaccinated group. VBT infections were significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared to other hospital staff (p <0.001). Unvaccinated individuals had 1.57 times higher risk of infection compared to partially vaccinated (p 0.02) and 2.49 times than fully vaccinated (<0.001). Partially vaccinated were at higher risk of infection than fully vaccinated (RR 1.58,p 0.01). There were 3 (1.36%) severe cases and 1 death in unvaccinated group compared to none in the vaccinated. Non-response after 14 days of second dose was seen in 6.5% (3/46) and low antibody levels (1-4.62 S/CO) in 8.69% (4/46). Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was dominant (69.5%) and reinfection was documented in 4 (0.06%) HCWs.ConclusionsNearly one in ten vaccinated HCWs can get infected, more so with only single dose (13.65%) than two doses (8.62%). Fully vaccinated are better protected with higher humoral immune response. Genomic analysis revealed an alarming rise of Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in VBT infections.
LeMeDISCO: A computational method for large-scale prediction & molecular interpretation of disease comorbidity
Authors: Astore Courtney , Zhou Hongyi , Skolnick Jeffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOften different diseases tend to co-occur (i.e., they are comorbid), which yields the question: what is the molecular basis of their coincidence? Perhaps, common proteins are comorbid disease drivers. To understand the origin of disease comorbidity and to identify the essential proteins and pathways underlying comorbid diseases, we developed LeMeDISCO (Large-Scale Molecular Interpretation of Disease Comorbidity), an algorithm that predicts disease comorbidities from shared mode of action (MOA) proteins predicted by the AI-based MEDICASCY algorithm. LeMeDISCO was applied to predict the general occurrence of comorbid diseases for 3608 distinct diseases. To illustrate LeMeDISCO’s power, we elucidate the possible etiology of coronary artery disease and ovarian cancer by determining the comorbidity enriched MOA proteins and pathways and suggest hypotheses for subsequent scientific investigation. The LeMeDISCO web server is available for academic users at: http://sites.gatech.edu/cssb/LeMeDISCO.
PERFORMANCE AND UTILITY OF AN ORAL FLUID-BASED RAPID POINT-OF-CARE TEST FOR SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY RESPONSE FOLLOWING COVID-19 INFECTION OR VACCINATION
Authors: Rao Paturi V. , Nair-Shaef Dhanalakshmi , Chen Siting , Kazmierczak Steven C. , Roberts Charles T. , Nagalla Srinivasa R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAnalysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can identify recent-onset or prior COVID-19 infection or vaccine-induced humoral immunity. We have developed a rapid point-of-care test for IgG, M, or A-class immunoglobulins that recognize the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (CovAb™). The test employs a lateral-flow strip design with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 domain capture antigen to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in oral fluid samples. Oral fluid samples are collected with a swab that captures the gingival crevicular fluid component of oral fluid that represents a plasma transudate and that is the primary source of oral fluid monomeric antibodies. The sensitivity of the CovAb™ test is 97.29% and the specificity is 98.13%, and the results obtained are similar to those obtained using matched fingerstick whole blood samples and in an EUA-approved commercial serology test. Oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be detected in subjects more than 7 months post-symptom onset. We also demonstrate the utility of the CovAb™ test in characterizing adaptive immune responses to vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and exposed populations after first and second vaccine doses and show that significant heterogeneity in magnitude of antibody titers achieved is seen after both doses and that prior COVID-19 exposure increases the adaptive immune response to vaccination.