bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing ecological outcomes of pathways in the Grain for Green Program in the subtropical areas of China
Authors: Qiu Sijing , Peng Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Effective forestation policies are urgently required across the globe under the initiative of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Rather than simply planting trees, such initiatives involve complex components of societal and biophysical systems. However, the underlying pathways by which forestation influences ecological outcomes are not well understood, especially given the lack of a unified quantification framework. In this study, such a framework was developed to reveal the pathways by which reforestation programs influenced ecological outcomes by identifying the linkages among reforestation efforts, societal changes, land system changes and ecological outcomes. The framework was applied to the reforestation program of the Grain for Green Program (GFGP), to explore how the GFGP influenced vegetation dynamics and ecosystem functioning in Guizhou Province, China, through direct and indirect pathways. Two remote sensing based indicators, namely the enhanced vegetation index, derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and gross primary production (GPP), obtained from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) fine-resolution dataset GOSIF, were combined with inventory data and land-use maps to detect changes in social and ecological outcomes. Using the structural equation model to apply the framework, the results showed that the GFGP positively contributed to the increasing greenness and GPP of the study area through the direct conservation pathway. Although implementation of the GFGP encouraged the rural outmigration and led to a decrease in the area of farmland, the GFGP showed negative indirect effects on greenness and GPP because of the difficulty of reforestation during land-use conversion from farmland to forest land. This study revealed divergent impacts of the reforestation program through multiple pathways, which could provide valuable information for other parts of the globe for more precise design of ecological restoration policies.
Electrochemical behaviors and discharge performance of Mg-Sn binary alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries
Authors: Han Lu , Zhang Yuwenxi , Guo Yangyang , Wan Yangjie , Fan Lingling , Zhou Mingyang , Quan Gaofeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, the self-corrosion and discharge performance of the as-cast Mg-xSn (x = 1, 5, 9 wt%) anodes for primary Mg-air batteries were studied through microstructure characterization, electrochemical testing and discharge experiments. With the increase of Sn content, the volume fraction of the Mg2Sn phase increases, promoting dendrite refining. According to the electrochemical test, the Mg-1Sn anode shows a higher open circuit potential, resulting in a stronger electrochemical activity. The polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectra show the corrosion resistance order as Mg-1Sn > Mg-5Sn > Mg-9Sn. In the discharge measurement, the Mg-1Sn anode achieves the best average discharge voltage, anode efficiency, specific capacity, and energy density under all current densities tested. At 10 mA cm−2, the energy density of Mg-1Sn is 1239.621 mWh g−1, which is higher than the Mg-5Sn anode and Mg-9Sn anode, 37% and 25%, respectively. The optimal discharge performance of the Mg-1Sn anode is mainly attributed to the high electrochemical activity and the micron-sized Mg2Sn phase dispersed in the matrix, which facilitates more uniform dissolution.
An investigation into the environmental and therapeutic applications of holmium-doped titanium dioxide (Ho-TiO2) nanocatalysts: a kinetic and thermodynamic study of the photocatalytic degradation of Safranin O dye
Authors: Jan F Akbar , Wajidullah  , Ullah Rahat , Salman  , Ullah Naimat , Salam Abdul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and holmium-doped titanium dioxide (Ho-TiO2) nanoparticles(NPs) were synthesized through a sol gel route. The synthesized NPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. DNA binding, antibacterial, hemolysis, and antioxidant assays of the synthesized NPs were also carried out in order to find their therapeutic applications. Successful doping of TiO2 with Ho reduced the bandgap from 3.10 to 2.88 eV. SEM and XRD analysis showed that both TiO2 and Ho-TiO2 NPs exhibit a tetragonal structure and the morphology of the particles improved and agglomeration reduced as a result of doping. The PL emission intensity of TiO2 also reduced with doping. The degradation of Safranin O dye over both the catalysts followed first-order kinetics. The calculated activation energy for the photodegradation of the given dye was found to be 51.7 and 35.2 KJ mol−1 for bare TiO2 and Ho-TiO2 NPs, respectively. After 180 min, 84% and 87% dye degradation was observed using pure TiO2 and Ho-TiO2, respectively. A high percent of degradation of the dye was found at a low concentration (20 ppm) and at optimal dosage (0.035 g) of both the catalysts. The rate of Safranin O dye degradation was found to increase with an increase in temperature and pH of the medium. A DNA binding study revealed that Ho-TiO2 NPs are more capable of binding to human DNA. An antibacterial activity study showed that Ho-TiO2 NPs were more efficient against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains compared to pure TiO2. Hemolysis assay showed that TiO2 and Ho-TiO2 NPs are non-biocompatible. Ho-TiO2 NPs showed higher anti-oxidant activity compared to bare TiO2.
Impact of Capsulectomy Type on Post-Explantation Systemic Symptom Improvement: Findings From the ASERF Systemic Symptoms in Women-Biospecimen Analysis Study: Part 1
Authors: Glicksman Caroline , McGuire Patricia , Kadin Marshall , Lawrence Marisa , Haws Melinda , Newby Jill , Ferenz Sarah , Sung James , Wixtrom Roger 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast Implant Illness (BII) is a term used to describe a variety of symptoms by patients with breast implants for which there are no abnormal physical or laboratory findings to explain their symptoms. There currently exists a difference of opinion among clinicians and patients concerning the diagnosis and treatment of patients self-reporting BII.ObjectivesThe first aim of this study was to determine if there is a valid indication for “en bloc” capsulectomy in patients self-reporting BII and if the type of capsulectomy performed alters long-term symptom improvement. The second goal was to identify any clinical laboratory differences between the cohorts. This study was funded by the Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF).MethodsA prospective blinded study enrolled 150 consecutive subjects divided equally into 3 cohorts: (A) women with systemic symptoms they attribute to their implants who requested implant removal; (B) women with breast implants requesting removal or exchange who do not have symptoms they attribute to their implants; and (C) women undergoing cosmetic mastopexy who have never had any implanted medical device. The subject’s baseline demographic data and a systemic symptoms survey, including PROMIS validated questionnaires, was obtained before surgery and at 3-6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Blood was collected from all 3 cohorts and implant capsules were collected from Cohorts A and B.Results150 patients were enrolled between 2019-2021. Follow-up at 3-6 weeks for all 3 cohorts was between 98%-100%, 78%-98% at 6-months, and 1 year data is currently at 80%. The type of capsulectomy; intact total, total, or partial all showed similar symptom improvement with no statistical difference in the reduction of symptoms based on the type of capsulectomy.ConclusionsThis study addresses one of the most discussed questions by plastic surgeons, patients, their advocates, and social media. The findings show that patients who self-report BII demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in their symptoms after explantation and that this improvement persists for at least 6 months. This improvement in self-reported systemic symptoms was seen regardless of the type of capsulectomy performed.Level of Evidence: 2
A flexible Bayesian framework for individualized inference via adaptive borrowing
Authors: Ji Ziyu , Wolfson Julian 
Published: December 2021

Summary
The explosion in high-resolution data capture technologies in health has increased interest in making inferences about individual-level parameters. While technology may provide substantial data on a single individual, how best to use multisource population data to improve individualized inference remains an open research question. One possible approach, the multisource exchangeability model (MEM), is a Bayesian method for integrating data from supplementary sources into the analysis of a primary source. MEM was originally developed to improve inference for a single study by asymmetrically borrowing information from a set of similar previous studies and was further developed to apply a more computationally intensive symmetric borrowing in the context of basket trial; however, even for asymmetric borrowing, its computational burden grows exponentially with the number of supplementary sources, making it unsuitable for applications where hundreds or thousands of supplementary sources (i.e., individuals) could contribute to inference on a given individual. In this article, we propose the data-driven MEM (dMEM), a two-stage approach that includes both source selection and clustering to enable the inclusion of an arbitrary number of sources to contribute to individualized inference in a computationally tractable and data-efficient way. We illustrate the application of dMEM to individual-level human behavior and mental well-being data collected via smartphones, where our approach increases individual-level estimation precision by 84% compared with a standard no-borrowing method and outperforms recently proposed competing methods in 80% of individuals.
Toxoplasma-proximal and distal control by GBPs in human macrophages
Authors: Fisch Daniel , Clough Barbara , Khan Rabia , Healy Lyn , Frickel Eva-Maria 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTHuman guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are key players of interferon–gamma (IFNγ)-induced cell intrinsic defense mechanisms targeting intracellular pathogens. In this study, we combine the well-established Toxoplasmagondii infection model with three in vitro macrophage culture systems to delineate the contribution of individual GBP family members to control this apicomplexan parasite. Use of high-throughput imaging assays and genome engineering allowed us to define a role for GBP1, 2 and 5 in parasite infection control. While GBP1 performs a pathogen-proximal, parasiticidal and growth-restricting function through accumulation at the parasitophorous vacuole of intracellular Toxoplasma, GBP2 and GBP5 perform a pathogen-distal, growth-restricting role. We further find that mutants of the GTPase or isoprenylation site of GBP1/2/5 affect their normal function in Toxoplasma control by leading to mis-localization of the proteins.
Geriatric Interprofessional Education: In-Person Simulation
Authors: Brown Diane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Our in-person geriatric interprofessional training model is layered with scaffolds of active learning, tabletop team meeting simulation, assessment of older adult community members at risk for falls, and reflective feedback. The first step addresses knowledge acquisition via online didactic content. The second step reinforces the knowledge gained in the online didactics through in-person posters and interactive skills practice, followed by a profession-specific huddle to communicate patient assessment findings. The third step is an interprofessional team meeting simulation based on a case study of a complex geriatric patient. The fourth step is performing a supervised assessment on an older adult. The assessment incorporates the assessment tools practiced during the poster/skills session and team skills learned in the didactics and simulation. This is followed by the design of an interprofessional team-developed patient-centered plan of care. The event ends with a reflective debrief focused on interprofessional collaborative competencies.
A 10-Year Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Agenda for ADRD: Reflection on a New National Academies Report
Authors: Powell Tia , Reuben David , Mor Vincent , Blacker Deborah , Checksfield Molly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) was charged with developing a ten-year agenda for research in the behavioral and social sciences that would substantially contribute to reducing the impact of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). The report, expected to be publicly released in June 2021, has been developed by a committee of individuals with expertise across a range of disciplines and fields, including dementia research. The committee was charged with assessing the role of the social and behavioral sciences in reducing the impact of dementia. The committee held several evidence-gathering sessions, reviewed published literature, commissioned several papers, and engaged individuals living with dementia and caregivers as a part of an Advisory Panel to the committee. This presentation will engage attendees in a discussion about the ten-year behavioral and social science research agenda related to dementia produced by this NASEM committee.
Creating a Person- and Family-Centered Program of Research: Lessons Learned From Over 30 Years of Applied Research
Authors: Whitlatch Carol , Orsulic-Jeras Silvia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Approximately 6 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementia. Due to these alarming statistics, there is an increased need for families to seek out services and supports to not only cope with these devastating diagnoses, but to plan effectively for their future care needs. A plethora of research has shown that both the family care partner and person living with dementia are at-risk for negative outcomes such as depression, anxiety, social isolation, and worsening physical and mental health. Moreover, further and encouraging research supports the development and implementation of empowerment-based, person- and family-centered interventions. When utilized effectively these interventions improve quality of care and well-being in persons living with dementia and their care partners. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for researchers interested in making their work more person- and family-centered. Strategies discussed are based on over 30 years of applied research and include: 1) placing individuals at the center of their own care, 2) including persons with dementia as co-investigators, 3) convening diverse professionals and individuals in advisory councils from the start, and 4) conducting focus groups to obtain participant and stakeholder feedback. Demonstrations of select person-and-family-centered, evidence-programs will be included and supplemented with case examples to illustrate person-centered principles in practice.
The Roles of General and Domain-Specific Perceived Stress in Healthy Aging
Authors: Luo Jing , Zhang Bo , Willroth Emily , Mroczek Daniel , Roberts Brent 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests the existence of a general perceived stress factor overarching different life domains. The present study investigated the general perceived stress relative to domain-specific perceived stress as predictors of 26 diverse health outcomes, including mental and physical health, health behaviors, cognitive functioning, and physiological health indicators. A bifactor exploratory structural equational modelling approach was conducted in two samples from the Health and Retirement Study. Across the two samples, perceived stress was well-represented by a bifactor structure where there was a robust general perceived stress factor representing a general propensity towards stress perception. Meanwhile, after controlling for the general factor, specific factors representing perceived stress in different life domains were still clearly present. The general perceived stress factor was the most robust predictor of the majority of health outcomes. Age, sex, personality traits, and stressor exposure were found as possible diathesis underlying the general perceived stress factor.
No Increase in Short-Term Mortality Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara , Gravenstein Stefan , Gutman Roee , Sarkar Neil , Feifer Richard , White Elizabeth , Mor Vincent 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reports of fatal adverse events following mRNA-based vaccination for COVID-19 in Norwegian nursing home (NH) residents have raised concern regarding vaccine safety in very old and frail persons. A limitation of these reports, however, is the absence of contemporaneous control groups, particularly given the high baseline mortality in this population. Using electronic health records’ data on resident deaths, hospital transfer, vaccination, and daily census from Genesis Healthcare, a large NH provider spanning 24 U.S. states, we compared 7-day mortality and hospitalization rates for vaccinated versus unvaccinated NH residents. Between December 18, 2020 and December 31, 2020, 7006 residents across 118 NHs were vaccinated with the first dose. Mortality and hospital transfer rates within 7 days of vaccination were compared to rates for: (1) unvaccinated residents in the same facility within 7 days of the vaccine clinic (n=4414), and (2) residents in 166 yet-to-be-vaccinated facilities between December 25, 2020 and January 1, 2021 (n=17,076). We excluded residents with a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test within 20 days prior to their 7-day observation window. Mortality rates per 100,000 residents were lower among vaccinated (587, 95%CI: 431, 798) versus unvaccinated residents within the same facilities (984, 95%CI: 705, 1382), and compared to residents in not-yet-vaccinated facilities (912, 95%CI: 770-1080), with overlapping 95% CIs. Hospital transfers were lower among vaccinated residents than in either comparison group, but with overlapping CIs. Our findings suggest that short term mortality rates appear unrelated to vaccination for COVID-19 in NH residents, and should dispel concerns raised by previous reports.
Rural and Urban Difference in Longitudinal Trends in Prevalence of Dementia in Medicare Claims and Survey Data
Authors: Ferdows Nasim B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Shortage of physicians in rural areas can lead to lower diagnosis and underestimation of dementia prevalence in these communities. We used data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study and a 20-percent sample of Medicare claims to study rural-urban differences in dementia prevalence. The survey dementia diagnosis is free from medical assessment while the claims diagnosis needs a physician diagnosis. We estimated the trends in dementia prevalence from (2002-2016) based on cognitive tests (using survey data) and diagnosis codes (using claims data) utilizing ordinary least squares regression. Dementia prevalence based on diagnosis codes declined in both urban and rural areas over the course of the study, with a sharper decline in urban areas. Dementia prevalence using diagnosis codes showed significantly higher rates in urban areas during all years (0.024 vs 0.018 in 2002 and 0.017 vs 0.013 in 2014 in rural vs urban areas, respectively). Dementia in the cognitive test sample was higher in rural areas (0.11 vs 0.08 in 2000 and 0.08 vs 0.7 in 2014 in rural vs urban areas), a difference that was significant only in 2004. Our results indicate lower dementia prevalence rates in rural areas in claims based sample compared to survey sample which its dementia prevalence is free medical assessment. Claims data are valuable sources for tracking dementia in the US population, however they are based on medical diagnosis.In rural areas, where there is shortage of physicians and a lack of access to health care services, claims based studies may underestimate dementia rates.
Diversity of Activities, Emotions, and Pleasant Events and Their Associations With Mental and Cognitive Health
Authors: Lee Soomi , Urban-Wojcik Emily , Almeida David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed the structure of our daily lives. One of the most significant changes is a limited opportunity to engage in face-to-face social interactions and enjoy diverse daily activities. This raises a public health concern, because diverse experiences are critical sources of health by increasing social integration, cognitive reserve, and psychological resources. Recently, two lines of research have consistently shown that activity diversity or emodiversity is associated with multiple health outcomes. However, still more integrated efforts are needed to better understand diversity of daily experiences in various aspects and their contributions to health. This symposium brings together different endeavors towards understanding how diversity of daily experiences – activity diversity, emodiversity, and variety in positive experiences – are associated with health and well-being across adulthood. The topic of this symposium is timely to discuss potential prevention approaches to protect population well-being as the pandemic evolves. Paper 1 examines activity diversity (breadth and evenness of daily activity participation) and how it is related to positive and negative emodiversity (rich and balanced emotional experiences) differently by age groups. Paper 2 investigates the longitudinal relationship between activity variety across cognitive, physical, and social domains and cognitive functioning. Paper 3 examines variety in pleasant events and its associations with mental health outcomes. Paper 4 examines whether and how negative emodiversity is associated with mental illness during COVID-19. The discussant, Dr. David Almeida will integrate key findings from these studies, discuss their theoretical and methodological contributions, and consider opportunities for future research.
Everyday Life Experiences of Swedes Age 70+ During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bildtgard Torbjorn , Öberg Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As many other countries Sweden has been hit hard by the Corona pandemic, with high numbers of dead in the older population. Since march 16, 2020, the authorities have encouraged people 70+ to voluntarily quarantine and avoid contacts outside the household. How has this affected older people’s everyday lives? This study reports on results from a web-survey on the everyday life experiences of Swedes 70+ carried out between May 28 and July 13, 2020 (n=1 926). The presentation focuses answers to an open-ended question: “Describe with your own words how your life has been affected by the Corona pandemic”. A qualitative content analysis was used to investigate changes in the everyday lives of the respondents and their appreciations of these changes. Results show that older Swedes have mostly adhered to public recommendations of self-isolation and withdrawn from social and family contacts, as well as paid and volunteer work. The vast majority (76%) of the respondents describe what they see as negative life changes, such as loss of structure in their everyday life, loss of contact with children/grandchildren and friends, loss of meaningful activities, loss of abilities due to forced unemployment and experiences of ageism. Experiences of loneliness, depression and drop in quality of life are common. Some positive changes were reported. We argue that the experience of the 70+ population during Corona needs to be understood in relation to the promise of the third age, where everyday restrictions are experienced as a forced disengagement into a fourth age life style.