bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Oxide‐Assisted Dual‐Cross‐Linking Bio‐Multifunctional Hydrogels for Wound Repair during Full‐Thickness Skin Injuries
Authors: Tang Xiaoduo , Wang Xiaomeng , Sun Yihan , Zhao Liang , Li Daowei , Zhang Junhu , Sun Hongchen , Yang Bai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFull‐thickness skin injuries have always been an intricate problem in clinical treatment. The application of biomaterials provides an artificial matrix for the recruitment of cells and deposition of extracellular matrix to accelerate wound healing. For the recovery of full‐thickness skin defects, the double cross‐linking of MgO‐catechol and Schiff's base bonds are used as part of the gel‐forming mechanism, and a bio‐multifunctional hydrogel (CCOD‐MgO) is prepared by adding MgO to catechol‐modified chitosan (CHI‐C) and oxidized dextran (ODex). The CCOD‐MgO demonstrates high tissue adhesion, excellent self‐repairing, hemostasis function, and low swelling rate. With the addition of MgO and catechol chelation, the adhesion strength of CCOD‐MgO is about 35 kpa, which is much greater than fibrin glue. Moreover, the CCOD‐MgO has better antibacterial properties than CHI‐C/ODex hydrogel (CCOD) due to the synergy of chitosan and MgO in vitro. Accordingly, the CCOD‐MgO can protect the wounds from infection and accelerate the healing speed of the epidermis in full‐thickness cutaneous defect and burn model in vivo. These results demonstrate that the CCOD‐MgO would be a promising therapeutic strategy in full‐thickness skin injuries for clinical therapies.
Black Phosphorus/Polymers: Status and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Ye , Ma Chunyang , Xie Jianlei , Ågren Hans , Zhang Han 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a newly emerged mono‐elemental nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) has been widely investigated for its fascinating physical properties, including layer‐dependent tunable band gap (0.3–1.5 eV), high ON/OFF ratio (104), high carrier mobility (103 cm2 V−1 s−1), excellent mechanical resistance, as well as special in‐plane anisotropic optical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics. However, the instability caused by chemical degradation of its surface has posed a severe challenge for its further applications. A focused BP/polymer strategy has more recently been developed and implemented to hurdle this issue, so at present BP/polymers have been developed that exhibit enhanced stability, as well as outstanding optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. This has promoted researchers to further explore the potential applications of black phosphorous. In this review, the preparation processes and the key properties of BP/polymers are reviewed, followed by a detailed account of their diversified applications, including areas like optoelectronics, bio‐medicine, and energy storage. Finally, in accordance with the current progress, the prospective challenges and future directions are highlighted and discussed.
Probing Heterogeneous Degradation of Catalyst in PEM Fuel Cells under Realistic Automotive Conditions with Multi‐Modal Techniques
Authors: Khedekar Kaustubh , Rezaei Talarposhti Morteza , Besli Münir M. , Kuppan Saravanan , Perego Andrea , Chen Yechuan , Metzger Michael , Stewart Sarah , Atanassov Plamen , Tamura Nobumichi , Craig Nathan , Cheng Lei , Johnston Christina M. , Zenyuk Iryna V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe heterogeneity of polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst degradation is studied under varied relative humidity and types of feed gas. Accelerated stress tests (ASTs) are performed on four membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) under wet and dry conditions in an air or nitrogen environment for 30 000 square voltage cycles. The largest electrochemically active area loss is observed for MEA under wet conditions in a nitrogen gas environment AST due to constant upper potential limit of 0.95 V and significant water content. The mean Pt particle size is larger for the ASTs under wet conditions compared to dry conditions, and the Pt particle size under land is generally larger than under the channel. Observations from ASTs in both conditions and gas environments indicate that water content promotes Pt particle size growth. ASTs under wet conditions and an air environment show the largest difference in Pt particle size growth for inlet versus outlet and channel versus land, which can be attributed to larger water content at outlet and under land compared to inlet and under channel. From X‐ray fluorescence experiments Pt particle size increase is a local phenomenon as Pt loading remains relatively uniform across the MEA.
Nitrogen forms and irrigation regimes interact to affect rice yield by regulating the source and sink characteristics
Authors: Xu Guowei , Zhao Xihui , Jiang Mengmeng , Lu Dake , Chen Mingcan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interaction betweennitrogen management and irrigation regimes plays important roles in regulating the rice (Oryza sativa L.) source, sink characteristic, and grain yield. However, if and how nitrogen forms could synergistically interact with irrigation methods in rice remain unclear. Herein, a soil‐grown experiment was conducted with three nitrogen forms, namely, ammonium nitrogen (AN), ammonium, nitrate mixed (ANM), and nitrate nitrogen (NN), as well as three irrigation regimes, namely, submerged irrigation (0 kPa), alternate wetting and moderate drying (−20 kPa), and alternate wetting and severe drying (−40 kPa). Results demonstrated that grain yield was the highest in the ammonium nitrate and alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation. Nitrate nitrogen application decreased grain yield in each irrigation regime. The alternate wetting and moderate drying and ammonium nitrate treatment had higher chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and sucrose‐synthase activity and decreased leaf malondialdehyd (MDA) content than the other treatments at mid‐tillering, panicle initiation, heading, and maturity stages. By contrast, AN treatment exhibited very small difference between AN and ANM treatment in submerged irrigation. Besides, grain yield was positively correlated with chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, LAI, photosynthesis rate, antioxidant enzymes, and sucrose‐synthase activity at main growth stages. Therefore, the adoption of ANM and alternate wetting and moderate drying can synergistically increase grain yield by promoting the leaf‐source and grain‐sink activity of rice. Results of the present investigation provided new ideas for increasing grain yield by nitrogen forms management in alternate wetting and drying irrigation.
Multi‐center analysis of practice patterns and outcomes of younger and older patients with mantle cell lymphoma in the rituximab era
Authors: Karmali Reem , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Goyal Subir , Shanmugasundaram Krithika , Churnetski Michael C. , Kolla Bhaskar , Bachanova Veronika , Gerson James N. , Barta Stefan K. , Gordon Max J. , Danilov Alexey V. , Grover Natalie S. , Epperla Narendranath , Mathews Stephanie , Burkart Madelyn , Sawalha Yazeed , Hill Brian T. , Ghosh Nilanjan , Park Steven I. , Bond David A. , Maddocks Kami J. , Badar Talha , Fenske Timothy S. , Hamadani Mehdi , Guo Jin , Malecek Mary , Kahl Brad S. , Martin Peter , Blum Kristie A. , Flowers Christopher R. , Cohen Jonathon B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClinical outcomes and predictors of survival in patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) treated in the rituximab era (2000–2015) at 12 US academic centers were assessed to identify determinants of survival across age groups. Objectives were to characterize and compare practice patterns, outcomes and prognostic factors for survival in younger patients (age < 65) and older patients (age ≥ 65 years). Among 1162 patients included, 697 were younger and 465 were older. In younger patients, 2‐year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 79% and 92% respectively; blastoid histology, ECOG ≥ 2, and lack of maintenance rituximab (MR) remained statistically relevant to poor OS on univariate analysis (UVA) and multivariate analysis (MVA). In older patients, 2‐year PFS and OS rates were 67% and 86% respectively; lack of maintenance rituximab remained significantly associated with inferior PFS and OS on UVA and MVA (p < 0.001). Two‐year PFS rates were 79%, and 67% and 2‐year OS rates were 92% and 86% for ages < 65 and ≥ 65 respectively (p < 0.001). First‐line high‐dose cytarabine exposure and/or MR lessened the negative impact of age on survival. Taken collectively, survival outcomes for older patients remain inferior to those of younger patients in the rituximab era. However, maintenance rituximab and potentially high‐dose cytarabine‐based induction can mitigate the negative impact of age on survival.
Autophagic defects observed in fibroblasts from a patient with β‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hyeok , Nam Sang Ook , Kim Eun Kyoung , Shin Jin‐Hong , Oh Seung Hwan , Ryu Dongryeol , Lee Hye Eun , Mun Ji Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBeta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is associated with mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45. The aim of this study was to demonstrate autophagic defects in a patient with BPAN. We assayed autophagic markers using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry and applied transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the autophagic structures in fibroblasts from a 7‐year‐old Korean female with WDR45 splice‐site mutation (c.977‐1G>A; NM_007075.3). The protein and mRNA expression levels of WDR45 gene were decreased in the patient‐derived fibroblasts. The amount of increase in LC3‐II upon treatment with an autophagy inducer and inhibitor was reduced in mutant cells compared to control cells, suggesting decreased autophagic flux. TEM showed the accumulation of large vacuoles in mutant cells with a decrease of autophagosomes. Our study demonstrated that the WDR45 mutation in this patient impaired autophagy and provided additional insight into ultrastructural changes of autophagic structures.
Findings of unacceptable risk – A comment on Webb et al.'s analysis of child sexual abuse allegations in the Family Court of Australia
Authors: Parkinson Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWebb et al.'s study of Family Court judgements involving allegations of child sexual abuse has yielded much valuable statistical data. It demonstrates that only 12 per cent of fully contested cases where an allegation of sexual abuse is made result in a finding that a child is exposed to an unacceptable risk of sexual abuse. This commentary seeks to explain this low percentage by reference to the cohort of cases that fall for judicial determination in the Family Court. The fully contested cases are disproportionately those in which police, child protection department staff or independent evaluators have been unable to reach a clear view. Typically, these cases involve children under 7 years old. The Family Court is the “too hard basket” of the child protection system, and so the low level of findings of unacceptable risk is not necessarily indicative of systemic failure.
NIR‐Triggered Intracellular H+ Transients for Lamellipodia‐Collapsed Antimetastasis and Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Yang , Wang Chaochao , Jiang Yaqin , Chu Xu , Wu Fan , Wu Yelin , Cai Xuechao , Cao Yi , Liu Yanyan , Bu Wenbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn solid tumors, tumor invasion and metastasis account for 90 % of cancer‐related deaths. Cell migration is steered by the lamellipodia formed at the leading edge. These lamellipodia can drive the cell body forward by its mechanical deformation regulated by cofilin. Inhibiting cofilin activity can cause significant defects in directional lamellipodia formation and the locomotory capacity of cell invasion, thus contributing to antimetastatic treatment. Herein, a near infrared light (NIR)‐controlled nanoscale proton supplier was designed with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a core coated in MIL‐88B for interior photoacids loading; this photoacids loading can boost H+ transients in cells, which converts the cofilin to an inactive form. Strikingly, inactive cofilin loses the ability to mediate lamellipodia deformation for cell migration. Additionally, the iron, which serves as a catalyticaly active center in MIL‐88B, initiates an enhanced Fenton reaction due to the increased H+ in the tumor, ultimately achieving intensive chemodynamic therapy (CDT). This work provides new insight into H+ transients in cells, which not only regulates cofilin protonation for antimetastatic treatment but also improves chemodynamic therapy.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Glycine from Oxalic Acid and Nitrate
Authors: Kim Jeong Eun , Jang Jun Ho , Lee Kyu Min , Balamurugan Mani , Jo Young In , Lee Moo Young , Choi Seungwoo , Im Sang Won , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn manufacturing C−N bond‐containing compounds, it is an important challenge to alternate the conventional methodologies that utilize reactive substrates, toxic reagents, and organic solvents. In this study, we developed an electrochemical method to synthesize a C−N bond‐containing molecule avoiding the use of cyanides and amines by harnessing nitrate (NO3−) as a nitrogen source in an aqueous electrolyte. In addition, we utilized oxalic acid as a carbon source, which can be obtained from electrochemical conversion of CO2. Thus, our approach can provide a route for the utilization of anthropogenic CO2 and nitrate wastes, which cause serious environmental problems including global warming and eutrophication. Interestingly, the coreduction of oxalic acid and nitrate generated reactive intermediates, which led to C−N bond formation followed by further reduction to an amino acid, namely, glycine. By carefully controlling this multireduction process with a fabricated Cu–Hg electrode, we demonstrated the efficient production of glycine with a faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of up to 43.1 % at −1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl (current density≈90 mA cm−2).
Surprising Condensation Reactions of the Azadithiolate Cofactor
Authors: Zhang Fanjun , Richers Casseday P. , Woods Toby J. , Rauchfuss Thomas B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAzadithiolate, a cofactor found in all [FeFe]‐hydrogenases, is shown to undergo acid‐catalyzed rearrangement. Fe2[(SCH2)2NH](CO)6 self‐condenses to give Fe6[(SCH2)3N]2(CO)17. The reaction, which is driven by loss of NH4+, illustrates the exchange of the amine group. X‐ray crystallography reveals that three Fe2(SR)2(CO)x butterfly subunits interconnected by the aminotrithiolate [N(CH2S)3]3−. Mechanistic studies reveal that Fe2[(SCH2)2NR](CO)6 participate in a range of amine exchange reactions, enabling new methodologies for modifying the adt cofactor. Ru2[(SCH2)2NH](CO)6 also rearranges, but proceeds further to give derivatives with Ru‐alkyl bonds Ru6[(SCH2)3N][(SCH2)2NCH2]S(CO)17 and [Ru2[(SCH2)2NCH2](CO)5]2S.
New poly(lactic acid) composites produced from coffee beverage wastes
Authors: Gama Nuno , Ferreira Artur , Evtuguin Dmitry V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of plastics, new composite materials containing recycled fibers from used paper coffee cups and oil extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCG) were produced. Accordingly, the cellulose fibers were chemically modified using lactic acid to be used as poly(lactic acid) filler reinforcement. The obtained results revealed that its addition improved the mechanical properties of the ensuing composites. The addition of 30% wt/wt of unmodified and modified fibers increased the Young modulus by 53% and 72%, respectively. In addition, enhanced biodegradability was obtained due to higher water absorption (up to 4% wt/wt). In parallel, coffee oil was used as a plasticizer and the affinity between the plasticizer and polymer matrix was confirmed by the lack of phase separation, by the improved flexibility of derived materials (the addition of 40% wt/wt of plasticizer increased the elongation at break by 86%) and by the better processability of the ensuing materials (the addition of 30% wt/wt of plasticizer increased the MFI by 205%). Overall, the results suggest that the use of modified cellulose fibers and the addition of SCG oil‐based plasticizer can be promising routes to produce eco‐friendly plastics.
Neutral Nitrogen Donor Ligand‐based MOFs for Sensing Applications
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Dutta Subhajit , Dam Gourab K. , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutral nitrogen donor (N‐donor) ligand‐based MOFs, with their enticing features inclusive of facile synthesis, labile metal‐ligand bond, framework flexibility, atomic level tunability renders them appealing in molecular recognition‐based studies. Intriguingly, the flexibility in such systems (owing to weaker metal‐nitrogen bonds) promote maximization of host‐analyte interactions, which is critical for the manifestation of a signaling response. Such host‐analyte interactions can be tapped by discerning any change in the physical properties associated with the system, such as optical, fluorometric, chemiresistive, magnetic, dielectric constant, mass. This minireview presents a brief discussion on the various types of signal transduction pathways unveiled hitherto using neutral N‐donor ligand‐based MOFs and the fundamental insight into the signal‘s origin. Moreover, an elaborate compilation of the recent examples in this field has been presented. Also, the untapped prospects have been highlighted, which may serve as a beacon to drive future research.
Coexpression of the discoidin domain receptor 1 gene with oligodendrocyte‐related and schizophrenia risk genes in the developing and adult human brain
Authors: Muntané Gerard , Chillida Marc , Aranda Selena , Navarro Arcadi , Vilella Elisabet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiscoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1) is present in multiple types of epithelial cells and is highly expressed in the nervous system. Previous studies have revealed that DDR1 is involved in schizophrenia (SCZ). Although the expression of DDR1 in oligodendrocytes has been described, its role in brain myelination is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the coexpression network of DDR1 in the human brain and to compare the list of DDR1 coexpressing genes with the list of genes containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with SCZ.Materials and MethodsWe used a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of a dataset from four brain areas (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, hippocampus, and striatum) and from four different intervals (I) of life (I‐1 = 10–38 weeks postconception, I‐2 ≥0 to < 6 years, I‐3 ≥ 6 to < 40 years, and I‐4 ≥ 40 years of age). We compared the list of genes that are associated with SCZ in the GWAS Catalog with the list of genes coexpressing with DDR1 in each interval.ResultsOur study revealed that DDR1 was coexpressed with oligodendrocyte‐related genes mainly in I‐2 (adjP = 5.66e‐24) and I‐3 (adjP = 2.8e‐114), which coincided with the coexpression of DDR1 with myelination‐related genes (adjP = 9.04e‐03 and 2.51e‐08, respectively). DDR1 was also coexpressed with astrocyte‐related genes in I‐1 (adjP = 1.11e‐71), I‐2 (adjP = 2.12e‐20) and I‐4 (adjP = 9.93e‐52) and with type 2 microglia‐related genes in I‐1 (adjP = 2.84e‐08), I‐2 (adjP = 5.68e‐16) and I‐4 (adjP = 3.66e‐10). Moreover, we observed significant enrichment of SCZ susceptibility genes within the coexpression modules containing DDR1 in I‐1 and I‐4 (P = 1e‐04 and 0.0037, respectively), during which the DDR1 module showed the highest association with the astrocytes.ConclusionsOur study confirmed that DDR1 is coexpressed with oligodendrocyte‐ and myelin‐related genes in the human brain but suggests that DDR1 may contribute mainly to SCZ risk through its role in other glial cell types, such as astrocytes.
Chemical Constituents from a Mangrove‐Derived Actinobacteria Isoptericola chiayiensis BCRC 16888 and Evaluation of Their Anti‐NO Activity
Authors: Su Yung‐Shun , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Wu Ming‐Der , Chai Chee‐Yin , Kwan Aij‐Lie , Su Sheng‐Han , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCultivation of the actinobacteria strain Isoptericola chiayiensis, a mangrove‐derived actinobacteria that was isolated from a mangrove soil collected in Chiayi County, resulted in the isolation of one new 2‐furanone derivative, isopterfuranone (1), one new sesquiterpenoid, isopterchiayione (2), one new benzenoid derivative, isopterinoid (3), five new flavonoids, chiayiflavans A−E (4–8), and 4 metabolites isolated for the first time from nature source, methyl 3‐(4‐methyl‐2,5‐dioxopyrrolidin‐3‐yl)propanoate (9), 3‐ethyl‐4‐methylpyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione (10), chiayiensol (11) and chiayiensic acid (12). Their structures were determined through in‐depth spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses. Most of the isolates showed potent inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cells with IC50 values ranging from 9.36 to 40.02 μM. Of these isolates, 4 and 5 showed NO inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 17.14 and 9.36 μM, stronger than the positive control quercetin (IC50=36.95 μM). This is the first report on flavan metabolites from the genus Isoptericola.
Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Authors: Zulqarnain  , Yusoff Mohd Hizami Mohd , Ayoub Muhammad , Hamza Nazir Muhammad , Zahid Imtisal , Ameen Mariam , Abbas Wajahat , Shoparwe Noor Fazliani , Abbas Nadir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiodiesel synthesis processes including pyrolysis, direct blending, transesterification, and advanced technologies such as microwave‐ and ultrasound‐assisted and supercritical processes from palm oil mill effluent (POME) are reviewed to highlight the significance and advances in terms of process sustainability and cost. POME as the most contaminated waste can be effectively utilized for biodiesel production. Supercritical transesterification offers more advantages over the other processes including higher reaction rate, without catalyst constraint, producing pure glycerol, and simple product separation process. The addition of co‐solvents like CO2should be investigated for supercritical biodiesel production from POME. Although POME is an inexpensive source to synthesize biodiesel, innovative processes are needed to maximize the oil recovery from POME. Optimization of transesterification parameters is required for high production yields and sustainable processing.
Organophotoredox‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative N‐Alkylation of Sulfonamides
Authors: Nakagawa Masanari , Nagao Kazunori , Ikeda Zenichi , Reynolds Matthew , Ibáñez Ignacio , Wang Junsi , Tokunaga Norihito , Sasaki Yusuke , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe developed an organophotoredox‐catalyzed reaction for N‐alkylation of sulfonamides with aliphatic carboxylic acid‐derived redox active esters as alkylating reagents. Under mild and transition metal‐free conditions, a series of functionalized N‐alkylated sulfonamides were prepared. This protocol also enabled the functionalization of pharmaceutical drugs bearing a sulfonamide or carboxylic acid moiety. This radical‐mediated process allowed the assembly of three components including sulfonamides, redox active esters, and alkenes to yield complex sulfonamides in a one‐pot manner.