bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of k-mer density in a DNA sequence and subsequent cluster formation algorithm based on the application of electronic filter
Authors: Sarkar Bimal Kumar , Sharma Ashish Ranjan , Bhattacharya Manojit , Sharma Garima , Lee Sang-Soo , Chakraborty Chiranjib 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a novel algorithm for information recovery from DNA sequences by using a digital filter. This work proposes a three-part algorithm to decide the k-mer or q-gram word density. Employing a finite impulse response digital filter, one can calculate the sequence's k-mer or q-gram word density. Further principal component analysis is used on word density distribution to analyze the dissimilarity between sequences. A dissimilarity matrix is thus formed and shows the appearance of cluster formation. This cluster formation is constructed based on the alignment-free sequence method. Furthermore, the clusters are used to build phylogenetic relations. The cluster algorithm is in good agreement with alignment-based algorithms. The present algorithm is simple and requires less time for computation than other currently available algorithms. We tested the algorithm using beta hemoglobin coding sequences (HBB) of 10 different species and 18 primate mitochondria genome (mtDNA) sequences.
Development of a novel micro-bead force spectroscopy approach to measure the ability of a thermo-active polymer to remove bacteria from a corneal model
Authors: Pattem J. , Swift T. , Rimmer S. , Holmes T. , MacNeil S. , Shepherd J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrobial keratitis occurs from the infection of the cornea by fungi and or bacteria. It remains one of the most common global causes of irreversible blindness accounting for 3.5% (36 million) of blind people as of 2015. This paper looks at the use of a bacteria binding polymer designed to bind Staphylococcus aureus and remove it from the corneal surface. Mechanical unbinding measurements were used to probe the interactions of a thermo-active bacteria-binding polymer, highly-branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), functionalised with modified vancomycin end groups (HB-PNIPAM-Van) to bacteria placed on rabbit corneal surfaces studied ex-vivo. This was conducted during sequential temperature phase transitions of HB-PNIPAM-Van-S. aureus below, above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in 3 stages, in-vitro, using a novel micro-bead force spectroscopy (MBFS) approach via atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of temperature on the functionality of HB-PNIPAM-Van-S. aureus showed that the polymer-bacteria complex reduced the work done in removing bacterial aggregates at T > LCST (p < 0.05), exhibiting reversibility at T < LCST (p < 0.05). At T < LCST, the breaking force, number of unbinding events, percentage fitted segments in the short and long range, and the percentage of unbinding events occurring in the long range (> 2.5 µm) increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the LCST phase transition temperature showed 100 × more unbinding events in the long-range z-length (> 2.5 µm) compared to S. aureus aggregates only. Here, we present the first study using AFM to assess the reversible mechanical impact of a thermo-active polymer-binding bacteria on a natural corneal surface.
Mooring observed intraseasonal oscillations in the central South China Sea during summer monsoon season
Authors: Jan Sen , Chang Ming-Huei , Yang Yiing Jang , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Cheng Yu-Hsin , Yeh Yu-Yu , Lee Chung-Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe South China Sea (SCS) is a high biodiversity region in the world ocean, supports abundant marine resources to the peripheral nations, and affects weather/climate in southeast Asia. A better understanding of its circulation is important to better prediction and management of the SCS. Here we reveal sizable intraseasonal oscillations at period ~ 50 days between May and November 2017 in the acoustic Doppler current profiler observed velocity in the central SCS. Satellite observed wind and sea level data together with a process-oriented numerical experiment suggest that the oscillations were caused by locally-generated and remotely-penetrated westward-propagating Rossby waves. The summer southwesterly monsoon strengthening/weakening and the resultant Ekman pumping velocity and shoreward Ekman transport increase/decrease and consequent coastal sea level rise/fall off the west coast of Palawan create westward-propagating Rossby waves causing velocity oscillations in the central SCS. Besides the local generation, Rossby waves with sea level anomaly > 0.2 m propagating from the Pacific through the Sulu Sea into the SCS could contribute to the intraseasonal velocity oscillations in the central SCS.
Results from a large cross-sectional study assessing Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility
Authors: Paira Daniela Andrea , Molina Guillermo , Tissera Andrea Daniela , Olivera Carolina , Molina Rosa Isabel , Motrich Ruben Dario 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFemale and male infertility have been associated to Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections. However, evidence from large studies assessing their prevalence and putative associations in patients with infertility is still scarce. The study design was a cross-sectional study including 5464 patients with a recent diagnosis of couple’s primary infertility and 404 healthy control individuals from Cordoba, Argentina. Overall, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis urogenital infection was significantly higher in patients than in control individuals (5.3%, 22.8% and 7.4% vs. 2.0%, 17.8% and 1.7%, respectively). C. trachomatis and M. hominis infections were significantly more prevalent in male patients whereas Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were more prevalent in female patients. Of clinical importance, C. trachomatis and Ureaplasma spp. infections were significantly higher in patients younger than 25 years. Moreover, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were associated to each other in either female or male patients being reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Our data revealed that C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis are prevalent uropathogens in patients with couple’s primary infertility. These results highlight the importance of including the screening of urogenital infections in the diagnostic workup of infertility.
Ice microphysical processes exert a strong control on the simulated radiative energy budget in the tropics
Authors: Sullivan Sylvia C. , Voigt Aiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimulations of the global climate system at storm-resolving resolutions of 2 km are now becoming feasible and show promising realism in clouds and precipitation. However, shortcomings in their representation of microscale processes, like the interaction of cloud droplets and ice crystals with radiation, can still restrict their utility. Here, we illustrate how changes to the ice microphysics scheme dramatically alter both the vertical profile of cloud-radiative heating and top-of-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation (terrestrial infrared cooling) in storm-resolving simulations over the Asian monsoon region. Poorly-constrained parameters in the ice nucleation scheme, overactive conversion of ice to snow, and inconsistent treatment of ice crystal effective radius between microphysics and radiation alter cloud-radiative heating by a factor of four and domain-mean infrared cooling by 30 W m−2. Vertical resolution, on the other hand, has a very limited impact. Even in state-of-the-art models then, uncertainties in microscale cloud properties exert a strong control on the radiative budget that propagates to both atmospheric circulation and regional climate. These uncertainties need to be reduced to realize the full potential of storm-resolving models.
Innovative route for the preparation of high-performance polyolefin materials based on unique dendrimeric silica particles
Authors: Cecílio Duarte M. , Fernandes Auguste , Lourenço João Paulo , McKenna Timothy F. L. , Ribeiro M. Rosário 
Published: July 2021

An innovative methodology for the preparation of high-performance polyolefin-based materials combining a unique dendrimeric silica carrier, a straightforward in situ supporting procedure and in situ ethylene polymerization technique was developed.
Multi‐hop non‐destructive qudit teleportation via non‐maximally entangled GHZ channels
Authors: Liu Qin , Wei Yuzhen , Xue Shibei , Jiang Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA scheme for the multihop non‐destructive teleportation of an arbitrary single‐qudit state based on various non‐maximally entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger channels is proposed here. The parallel entanglement swap is used to form a direct d‐dimensional () entangled channel shared between the sender and the receiver. The authors’ propose a novel idea that the third‐party Charlie with high quantum information processing technology executes the channel modulation, which reduces the technical requirements of the sender and the receiver. In addition, if the teleportation fails, the unknown state will be restored by the sender. This work provides a feasible method for teleportation and ensures the integrity of the unknown quantum information.
Mit Toyohari Ursachen und Symptome behandeln
Authors: Stiehle Anja 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMit Toyohari wird die Ursache von Beschwerden über das Root-Treatment und die Symptomatik über das Branch-Treatment behandelt. Für das Root-Treatment ermittelt man zunächst das Grundmuster eines Patienten, um eine individuell angepasste Behandlung durchzuführen. Zur Behandlung von Beschwerden können verschiedene Toyohari-Techniken hilfreich sein; dabei kommen unter anderem unterschiedliche Nadeln zum Einsatz.
Kampō – traditionelle japanische Arzneimitteltherapie
Authors: Kostner Bernd 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDie traditionelle japanische Arzneimitteltherapie Kampō hat ihren Ursprung in der klassischen chinesischen Medizin, hat sich jedoch in Japan zu einer eigenständigen Therapieform entwickelt. Kampō kann vielseitig angewendet werden, zum Beispiel bei funktionellen, hormonellen, neurologischen und somatoformen Störungen. Die Anwendung von Kampō hat zahlreiche Facetten; einige Grundbegriffe können diese beispielhaft verdeutlichen, zum Beispiel In-Yō (chin. Yin und Yang), Hyō-Ri (Außen-Innen) und Kyū-Jitsu (Mangel-Überschuss).
Resonanzfelder zur Stärkung der Selbstheilungskräfte
Authors: Weber Friedl 
Published: July 2021

SummaryJin Shin Jyutsu ist eine Resonanztherapie, in der über sanfte Berührungen ohne Druck und Massage – meist am bekleideten Körper – eine Resonanz zu einem unverletzten Urbild des Behandelten entsteht. Die Kunst des Jin Shin wird als Fremd- oder als Eigenbehandlung angewandt. Hände und Füße haben die Kraft, durch Berührungen die Resonanz zum unverletzten Urbild herzustellen. Diese Heilkunst wirkt in erster Linie harmonisierend. Der Behandler wie der Behandelte profitieren von dem Feld der Resonanz.
Luvas cirúrgicas em procedimentos ortopédicos de trauma: Quantas perdem a integridade?
Authors: de Barros Maurício Pandini Monteiro , Godoi Thales Thiago Ferreira , Ferretti Filho Mario , Fernandes Helio Jorge Alchavian , dos Reis Fernando Baldy 
Published: July 2021

Resumo
Introdução Cirurgias ortopédicas apresentam a possibilidade de perfuração das luvas, que pode chegar a 56,8%, relacionada principalmente à manipulação de instrumentos cortantes. O tratamento de fraturas e cirurgias de trauma apresenta risco adicional pelo contato com espiculas ósseas.
Objetivo Análise da prevalência de perda de integridade das luvas cirúrgicas em procedimentos ortopédicos de trauma, principalmente fraturas, avaliando a exposição do cirurgião e o contato com secreções provenientes do paciente.
Métodos Inspeção macroscópica das luvas de dois cirurgiões especializados em trauma, durante um período de 4 meses. Ambos usaram duas luvas para todos os procedimentos e, ao término da cirurgia, analisaram a presença ou ausência de manchas de sangue nas luvas internas e/ou nos dedos. Os procedimentos foram categorizados quanto ao tempo e tipo de cirurgia. A intercorrência investigada foi a perfuração de uma ou duas luvas; se a perfuração foi percebida imediatamente ou apenas ao final da cirurgia, e qual o local e o motivo do rasgo, se identificado.
Resultados Foram incluídas 210 cirurgias, das quais 87 apresentaram perfurações, sendo 17 casos em ambas as luvas e 70 apenas na luva externa. Um total de 27,5% dos danos foram descobertos apenas no final da cirurgia; os rasgos se concentraram no indicador esquerdo em 62,5% dos casos. Por último, houve uma relação mais significativa com cirurgias de foco aberto e com duração superior a 60 minutos.
Conclusão O nosso resultado sugere que em cirurgias prolongadas e com foco aberto, é necessário maior cuidado e inspeção à procura de danos nas luvas.
The Prevalence of Second Victim Syndrome and Emotional Distress in Pediatric Intensive Care Providers
Authors: Wolf Michael , Smith Kathleen , Basu Mohua , Heiss Kurt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPediatric critical care providers are at higher risk of second victim syndrome (SVS) and emotional distress after a poor patient outcome, unanticipated adverse event, medical error, or patient-related injury. We sought to determine the prevalence of SVS within our intensive care units (ICUs) and evaluate the adequacy of current institutional peer support. A validated survey tool, the second victim experience and support tool was sent electronically to all ICU providers in our pediatric health care system. Of 950 recipients, there were 266 respondents (28%). Sixty-one per cent of respondents were nurses; 19% were attending physicians, advanced practice providers, and fellows; 88% were females; 42% were aged 25 to 34 years; and 43% had worked in the ICU for 0 to 5 years. The most common emotion experienced was psychological distress (42%) and one-third of respondents questioned their self-efficacy as a provider after a second victim event. Support from colleagues, supervisors, and the institution was perceived as low. Support from a respected peer was the most desired type of support by 81% of respondents. Emotional distress and SVS are commonly found among pediatric ICU providers and the level of support is perceived as inadequate. Developing and deploying a peer support program are crucial to staff's well-being and resilience in the high-stress ICU environment.
Ultrasound scanner—Teaching tool
Authors: Zhao Xu , Hebden Jem , Yerworth Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ultrasound imaging, one of the most widely used diagnostic modalities, anchors the fields of medicine, physics, and engineering. In university classrooms, however, ultrasound imaging is often taught passively with a lack of practical element as the clinical machines are not easily available and there are very few alternative teaching tools available on the market. As part of an undergraduate student project, we have developed a teaching toolkit featuring an inexpensive ultrasonic range finder to demonstrate the pulse-echo imaging process. The primary focus is the construction of equipment to enable known pedagogic principles (relating to active learning) to be applied to the subject area of ultrasound. Although operating at an acoustic frequency considerably lower than that employed clinically (and therefore achieving a much lower spatial resolution), the toolkit provides students with large observable effects while keeping cost to the minimum. Completed with an easy-to-use user interface and a set of carefully designed supplementary material (https://stacks.iop.org/EJP/42/055703/mmedia) including worksheets and lab technician guide, this toolkit aims to teach students the fundamental principles of ultrasound imaging via hands-on practice. We have designed it to be cheap, easy to set up, and portable. The effectiveness and impact of the toolkit were evaluated by ten undergraduate students who responded in the form of satisfaction questionnaires. To minimise the selection bias, we chose five students who had received no prior university-based instruction on ultrasound and five third-year biomedical engineering students who had learned about the topic previously. They demonstrated a strong interest in using the toolkit for a lab session and described it as user-friendly and highly engaging.
Global existence to a diagonal hyperbolic system for any BV initial data
Authors: Al Zohbi Maryam , El Hajj Ahmad , Jazar Mustapha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for a diagonal hyperbolic system, that is not necessarily strictly hyperbolic, in one space dimension, considering discontinuous BV initial data without any restrictions on the size of its norm. This system appears naturally in various physical domains, particularly in isentropic gas dynamics and dislocation dynamics in materials. In the case of strictly hyperbolic systems, an existence and uniqueness of a discontinuous solution result is available for BV initial data with small norm, whereas several existence and uniqueness results have been presented for non-decreasing continuous solutions. In the present paper, we show the global in time existence of discontinuous viscosity solutions to a diagonal hyperbolic system for every initial data of bounded total variation, without the assumption that the system is strictly hyperbolic. Up to our knowledge, this is the first global existence result of large discontinuous solutions to this system.
Programming material compliance and actuation: hybrid additive fabrication of biocomposite structures for large-scale self-shaping
Authors: Cheng Tiffany , Wood Dylan , Kiesewetter Laura , Özdemir Eda , Antorveza Karen , Menges Achim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a hybrid approach to manufacturing a new class of large-scale self-shaping structures through a method of additive fabrication combining fused granular fabrication (FGF) and integrated hygroscopic wood actuators (HWAs). Wood materials naturally change shape with high forces in response to moisture stimuli. The strength and simplicity of this actuation make the material suitable for self-shaping architectural-scale components. However, the anisotropic composition of wood, which enables this inherent behavior, cannot be fully customized within existing stock. On the other hand, FGF allows for the design of large physical parts with multi-functional interior substructures as inspired by many biological materials. We propose to encode passively actuated movement into physical structures by integrating HWAs within 3D-printed meta-structures with functionally graded stiffnesses. By leveraging robotic manufacturing platforms, self-shaping biocomposite material systems can be upscaled with variable resolutions and at high volumes, resulting in large-scale structures capable of transforming from flat to curved simply through changes in relative humidity.
Quantifying the demographic distribution characteristics of ecological space quality to achieve urban agglomeration sustainability
Authors: Chen Xinchuang , Li Feng , Li Xiaoqian , Hu Yinhong , Hu Panpan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human activities are changing the quality of ecological spaces continually, and creating increasing imbalances in ecosystem services. Hence it is necessary to identify the distribution equity in ecological spaces. In 2018, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration was used as a test case to analyze the distribution characteristics of ecological space quality (ESQ) among different demographic groups and explore socioeconomic factors’ determining forces. The imbalance in ESQ distribution was less than that in income. At the urban and rural scales, the difference in ESQ was not significant, but rural areas had both the best and worst ecological space. Further, the equality of urban ESQ was higher than that in rural areas. Higher-quality ecological spaces were concentrated both in low-income groups, in addition to the cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In areas with higher income gaps, the ecological pressure was concentrated primarily on low-income counties, but more ecological health risks were detected among high-income counties. Limiting rural population density and increasing rural residents’ income can improve the ESQ significantly. The government should improve ecological protection consciousness and ecological compensation policies, particularly with respect to the supervision of, and compensation for, ecological spaces for low-income counties in rural areas to reduce the imbalance in ecosystem services and the burden on those counties.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Fadnavis Suvarna , Sabin T P , Rap Alexandru , Müller Rolf , Kubin Anne , Heinold Bernd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAerosol concentrations over Asia play a key role in modulating the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall. Lockdown measures imposed to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial reductions in observed Asian aerosol loadings. Here, we use bottom-up estimates of anthropogenic emissions based on national mobility data from Google and Apple, along with simulations from the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ state-of-the-art aerosol-chemistry-climate model to investigate the impact of the reduced aerosol and gases pollution loadings on the ISM. We show that the decrease in anthropogenic emissions led to a 4 W m−2increase in surface solar radiation over parts of South Asia, which resulted in a strengthening of the ISM. Simultaneously, while natural emission parameterizations are kept the same in all our simulations, the anthropogenic emission reduction led to changes in the atmospheric circulation, causing accumulation of dust over the Tibetan plateau (TP) during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. This accumulated dust has intensified the warm core over the TP that reinforced the intensification of the Hadley circulation. The associated cross-equatorial moisture influx over the Indian landmass led to an enhanced amount of rainfall by 4% (0.2 mm d−1) over the Indian landmass and 5%–15% (0.8–3 mm d−1) over central India. These estimates may vary under the influence of large-scale coupled atmosphere–ocean oscillations (e.g. El Nino Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole). Our study indicates that the reduced anthropogenic emissions caused by the unprecedented COVID-19 restrictions had a favourable effect on the hydrological cycle over South Asia, which has been facing water scarcity during the past decades. This emphasizes the need for stringent measures to limit future anthropogenic emissions in South Asia for protecting one of the world’s most densely populated regions.