bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between the effects of school‐based education programs provided by peer group versus health practitioners on premenstrual syndrome in adolescents: A protocol for a non‐masked clinical trial
Authors: Babapour Farzaneh , Elyasi Forouzan , Yazdani‐charati Jamshid , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of school‐based education programs, by peer group versus health practitioner on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls.DesignNon‐masked three‐armed clinical trial.MethodsNinety 11th‐grade students with moderate to severe PMS will be allocated to Intervention Group 1 (IG1), Intervention Group 2 (IG2) and Comparison Group (CG). Three weeks (six online sessions) of parallel education will be implemented in IG1 by trained peer educators and in IG2 by a health practitioner. The primary outcome will be changes in PMS severity score between three groups over time (measured by Daily Record of Severity of Problems). Secondary outcomes include changes in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and General Health. Data collection will be conducted in two‐time points, at baseline, and at the end of the intervention.ResultsOur study will explore the effect of school‐based education programs, by peer group versus health practitioner on PMS. This will add to the evidence‐based interventions to PMS management and the effectiveness of peer education in health promotion of adolescents girls.
Control yourself: ISPE‐endorsed guidance in the application of self‐controlled study designs in pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Cadarette Suzanne M. , Maclure Malcolm , Delaney J. A. Chris , Whitaker Heather J. , Hayes Kaleen N. , Wang Shirley V. , Tadrous Mina , Gagne Joshua J. , Consiglio Giulia P. , Hallas Jesper 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeConsensus is needed on conceptual foundations, terminology and relationships among the various self‐controlled “trigger” study designs that control for time‐invariant confounding factors and target the association between transient exposures (potential triggers) and abrupt outcomes. The International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) funded a working group of ISPE members to develop guidance material for the application and reporting of self‐controlled study designs, similar to Standards of Reporting Observational Epidemiology (STROBE). This first paper focuses on navigation between the types of self‐controlled designs to permit a foundational understanding with guiding principles.MethodsWe leveraged a systematic review of applications of these designs, that we term Self‐controlled Crossover Observational PharmacoEpidemiologic (SCOPE) studies. Starting from first principles and using case examples, we reviewed outcome‐anchored (case‐crossover [CCO], case‐time control [CTC], case‐case‐time control [CCTC]) and exposure‐anchored (self‐controlled case‐series [SCCS]) study designs.ResultsKey methodological features related to exposure, outcome and time‐related concerns were clarified, and a common language and worksheet to facilitate the design of SCOPE studies is introduced.ConclusionsConsensus on conceptual foundations, terminology and relationships among SCOPE designs will facilitate understanding and critical appraisal of published studies, as well as help in the design, analysis and review of new SCOPE studies. This manuscript is endorsed by ISPE.
Identifying prescribing cascades in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: The calcium channel blocker‐diuretic prescribing cascade
Authors: Singh Sonal , Cocoros Noelle M. , Haynes Kevin , Nair Vinit P. , Harkins Thomas P. , Rochon Paula A. , Platt Richard , Dashevsky Inna , Reynolds Juliane , Mazor Kathleen M. , Bloomstone Sarah , Anzuoni Kathryn , Crawford Sybil L. , Gurwitz Jerry H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePrescribing cascades occur when a physician prescribes a new drug to address the side‐effect of another drug. Persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at increased risk for prescribing cascades. Our objective was to develop an approach to estimating the proportion of calcium channel blocker‐diuretic (CCB‐diuretic) prescribing cascades among persons with ADRD in two U.S. health plans.MethodsWe identified patients aged ≥50 on January 1, 2017, dispensed a drug to treat ADRD in the 365‐days prior to/on cohort entry date. Patients had medical/pharmacy coverage for 1 year before and through cohort entry. We excluded individuals with an institutional stay encounter in the 45 days prior to cohort entry and censored patients based on: disenrollment from coverage, death, or end of data. We identified incident and prevalent CCB use in the 183‐days following cohort entry, and identified subsequent incident diuretic use among incident and prevalent CCB‐users within 365‐days from cohort entry.ResultsThere were 121 538 eligible patients. Approximately 62% were female, with a mean age of 79.5 (SD ±8.6). Overall 2.1% of the cohort experienced a prevalent CCB‐diuretic prescribing cascade with 1586 incident diuretic‐users among 36 462 prevalent CCB‐users (4.3%, 95% CI 4.1–4.6%]); and there were161 incident diuretic‐users among 3304 incident CCB‐users (4.9%, 95% CI 4.2–5.7%) (incident CCB‐diuretic cascade).ConclusionsWe describe an approach to identify prescribing cascades in persons with ADRD, which can be used to assess the proportion of prescribing cascades in large cohorts. We determined the proportion of CCB‐diuretic prescribing cascades was low.
ZINC40099027 activates human focal adhesion kinase by accelerating the enzymatic activity of the FAK kinase domain
Authors: Rashmi  , More Shyam K. , Wang Qinggang , Vomhof‐DeKrey Emilie E. , Porter James E. , Basson Marc D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates gastrointestinal epithelial restitution and healing. ZINC40099027 (Zn27) activates cellular FAK and promotes intestinal epithelial wound closure in vitro and in mice. However, whether Zn27 activates FAK directly or indirectly remains unknown. We evaluated Zn27 potential modulation of the key phosphatases, PTP‐PEST, PTP1B, and SHP2, that inactivate FAK, and performed in vitro kinase assays with purified FAK to assess direct Zn27‐FAK interaction. In human Caco‐2 cells, Zn27‐stimulated FAK‐Tyr‐397 phosphorylation despite PTP‐PEST inhibition and did not affect PTP1B‐FAK interaction or SHP2 activity. Conversely, in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that Zn27 directly activates both full‐length 125 kDa FAK and its 35 kDa kinase domain. The ATP‐competitive FAK inhibitor PF573228 reduced basal and ZN27‐stimulated FAK phosphorylation in Caco‐2 cells, but Zn27 increased FAK phosphorylation even in cells treated with PF573228. Increasing PF573228 concentrations completely prevented activation of 35 kDa FAK in vitro by a normally effective Zn27 concentration. Conversely, increasing Zn27 concentrations dose‐dependently activated kinase activity and overcame PF573228 inhibition of FAK, suggesting the direct interactions of Zn27 with FAK may be competitive. Zn27 increased the maximal activity (Vmax) of FAK. The apparent Km of the substrate also increased under laboratory conditions less relevant to intracellular ATP concentrations. These results suggest that Zn27 is highly potent and enhances FAK activity via allosteric interaction with the FAK kinase domain to increase the Vmax of FAK for ATP. Understanding Zn27 enhancement of FAK activity will be important to redesign and develop a clinical drug that can promote mucosal wound healing.
Establishment of rapid, sensitive, and quantitative liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with liquid–liquid extraction for measurement of urinary bisphenol A, 4‐t‐octylphenol, and 4‐nonylphenol
Authors: Battal Dilek , Sukuroglu Ayca Aktas , Kocadal Kumsal , Cok Ismet , Unlusayin Irfan 
Published: March 2021

RationaleBisphenol A (BPA), 4‐t‐octylphenol (4‐t‐OP), and 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP) are ubiquitous manufactured chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors. Now these substances are prevalent and found in a wide range of biological and environmental matrices globally. Acting as xenoestrogens, their target is to bind estrogen receptors and compete against natural hormones. Thus, there is an increasing concern on their negative health consequences.MethodsA rapid, sensitive, and robust method was established, validated, and used for the trace analysis of BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP in human urine using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThe linear ranges for BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP were 5.0–500 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.996. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for the compounds were 0.001, 0.007, and 0.005 ng/mL and 0.005, 0.023, and 0.180 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries were as follows: 99.539%–108.557%, 97.780%–110.768%, and 99.694%–106.908% for BPA, 4‐NP, and 4‐t‐OP respectively, with relative standard deviation <8.26%.ConclusionsThe established method was also applied effectively for the determination of BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP levels in 15 human urine samples. This method was specifically developed for easy and precise analysis of BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP in human urine. The method developed has been shown to be accurate, precise, and sensitive.
Chances of pregnancy after dropping out from infertility treatments: Evidence from a social survey in Japan
Authors: Hirakawa Marie , Usui Emiko , Mitsuyama Nahoko , Oshio Takashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeWe examined a patient's chances of pregnancy after dropping out from infertility treatments, an issue that has been largely understudied.MethodDrawing from a nationwide Internet survey in Japan with 1930 respondents, we used data from 199 individuals (109 women and 90 men) who had undergone an infertility treatment. We estimated linear probability models to investigate the extent to which the probability of pregnancy was affected by dropping out after controlling for a couple's attributes.ResultsAmong the 199 respondents who had experienced an infertility treatment, 91 (45.7% of the entire sample) became pregnant during the treatment, and 108 (54.3%) dropped out. Among these 108 dropouts, 66 (33.2%) eventually became pregnant. After controlling for a couple's attributes, treatment discontinuation reduced the probability of pregnancy by 31.6% (standard error: 5.0%). A relatively limited reduction in the chances of pregnancy was also observed after a patient dropped out of any of the three treatment stages (timed intercourse, intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization).ConclusionsThe results suggest that dropping out from infertility treatments does not preclude any chance of a future pregnancy. More follow‐up attention should be provided to dropout patients.
Multiple‐input multiple‐output homogeneous integral control design using the implicit Lyapunov function approach
Authors: Mercado‐Uribe Angel , Moreno Jaime A. , Polyakov Andrey , Efimov Denis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, continuous and discontinuous integral controllers for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems are designed for a large class of nonlinear systems, which are (partially) feedback linearizable. These controllers of arbitrary positive or negative degree of homogeneity are derived by combining a Lyapunov function obtained from the implicit Lyapunov function (ILF) method with some extra explicit terms. Discontinuous integral controllers are able to stabilize an equilibrium or track a time‐varying signal in finite time, while rejecting vanishing uncertainties and nonvanishing Lipschitz matching perturbations. Continuous integral controllers achieve asymptotic stabilization despite nonvanishing constant perturbations in finite‐time, exponentially or nearly fixed‐time for negative, zero, or positive homogeneity degree, respectively. The design method and the properties of the different classes of integral controllers are illustrated by means of a simulation example.
Entrepreneurial strategies during institutional changes: Evidence from China's economic transition
Authors: Wu You (Willow) , Eesley Charles E. , Yang Delin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryInstitutional changes create entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurs strategically respond to institutional pressure. However, we lack an understanding of how institutional changes impact entrepreneurial strategies. By exploiting the regional disparities in China's economic transition, we examine how institutional changes alter the effects of entrepreneurial strategies. Using data from an alumni survey in China, we find that relationship‐based strategies are positively associated with firm size in the early stage of the institutional change, innovation‐based strategies appear more effective in the late stage, and “cocoon‐based” strategies are associated with larger firm size in the intermediate stage. We propose that entrepreneurs may temporarily leverage “cocoon institutions” to buffer uncertainty in the broader institutional environment. Overall, we contribute to research at the intersection of institutional change and entrepreneurial strategies.Managerial SummaryInstitutional environments influence the effectiveness of entrepreneurial strategies. How should entrepreneurs adopt different strategies at different stages of an institutional change? We tackle this question by examining China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Using data from an alumni survey in China, we find that relationship‐based strategies promote firm growth in the early stage, innovation‐based strategies appear more effective in the late stage, and locating in science parks benefits firm growth in the intermediate stage. Overall, our study implies that entrepreneurs should adopt different strategies to fit different types of institutional environments. Also, our study provides implications to policymakers that cocoon institutions, such as science parks, may be temporarily effective during the intermediate stage of an institutional change.
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives: Designing Principles and Advances toward Advanced Cathode Materials for Alkali Metal Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Ang , Wang Zhuanping , Yang Jixing , Xu Yunhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal−organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have attracted enormous attention in the field of energy storage, due to their high specific surface area, tunable structure, highly ordered pores, and uniform metal sites. Compared with the wide research of MOFs and their related materials on anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries, few works are on cathode materials. In this review, design principles for promoting the electrochemical performance of MOF‐related materials in terms of component/structure design, composite fabrication, and morphology engineering are presented. By summarizing the advancement of MOFs and their derivatives, Prussian blue and its analogs, and MOF surface coating, challenges and opportunities for future outlooks of MOF‐related cathode materials are discussed.
Halogen‐Bond Mediated 3D Confined Assembly of AB Diblock Copolymer and C Homopolymer Blends
Authors: Zheng Xihuang , Ren Min , Wang Huayang , Wang Huiying , Geng Zhen , Xu Jiangping , Deng Renhua , Chen Senbin , Binder Wolfgang H. , Zhu Jintao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHalogen‐bond driven assembly, a world parallel to hydrogen‐bond, has emerged as an attractive tool for constructing (macro)molecular arrangement. However, knowledge about halogen‐bond mediated confined‐assembly in emulsion droplets is limited so far. An I….N bond mediated confined‐assembly pathway to enable order‐order phase transitions is reported here. Compared to hydrogen bonds, the distinct features of halogen bonds (e.g., higher directionality, hydrophobicity, favored in polar solvents), offers opportunities to achieve novel nanostructures and materials. Polystyrene‐b‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) AB diblock copolymer is chosen as halogen acceptor, while an iodotetrafluorophenoxy substituted C‐type homopolymer, (poly(3‐(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐4‐iodophenoxy)propyl acrylate), PTFIPA) is designed as halogen donor, synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Formation of halogen bonding donor–acceptor pairs between the PTFIPA homopolymer and the P4VP segments presented in PS‐b‐P4VP, increase the volume of P4VP domains, in turn inducing an order‐to‐order morphology transition sequence: changing from spherical → cylindrical → lamellar → inverse cylindrical, by tuning the PTFIPA content and choice of surfactant. Subsequent selective swelling/deswelling of the P4VP domains give rise to further internal morphology transitions, creating tailored mesoporous microparticles, disassembled nanodiscs, and superaggregates. It is believed that these results will stimulate further examinations of halogen bonding interactions in emulsion droplets and many areas of application.
A Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly Route to Electroplated Fibril‐Based 3D Porous Current Collectors for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Woo Seunghui , Nam Donghyeon , Chang Woojae , Ko Younji , Lee Seokmin , Song Yongkwon , Yeom Bongjun , Moon Jun Hyuk , Lee Seung Woo , Cho Jinhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and large electroactive surface areas are the most important factors in determining the performance of various flexible electrodes in energy storage devices. Herein, a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly‐induced metal electrodeposition approach is introduced to prepare a variety of highly porous 3D‐current collectors with high flexibility, metallic conductivity, and large surface area. In this study, a few metal nanoparticle (NP) layers are LbL‐assembled onto insulating paper for the preparation of conductive paper. Subsequent Ni electroplating of the metal NP‐coated substrates reduces the sheet resistance from ≈103 to <0.1 Ω sq−1 while maintaining the porous structure of the pristine paper. Particularly, this approach is completely compatible with commercial electroplating processes, and thus can be directly extended to electroplating applications using a variety of other metals in addition to Ni. After depositing high‐energy MnO NPs onto Ni‐electroplated papers, the areal capacitance increases from 68 to 811 mF cm−2 as the mass loading of MnO NPs increases from 0.16 to 4.31 mg cm−2. When metal NPs are periodically LbL‐assembled with the MnO NPs, the areal capacitance increases to 1710 mF cm−2.
Renin-angiotensin system is involved in embryonic emergence of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Julien Emmanuelle , Biasch Katia , El Omar Reine , Freund Jean-Noël , Gachet Christian , Lanza François , Tavian Manuela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key element of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has recently been identified as a new marker of both adult and embryonic human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, whether a full renin-angiotensin pathway is locally present during the hematopoietic emergence is still an open question. In the present study, we show that this enzyme is expressed by hematopoietic progenitors in the developing mouse embryo. Furthermore, ACE and the other elements of RAS—namely angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors—are expressed in the paraaortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp) and in its derivative, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, both in human and mouse embryos. Their localization is compatible with the existence of a local autocrine and/or paracrine RAS in these hemogenic sites. in vitro perturbation of the RAS by administration of a specific AT1 receptor antagonist inhibits almost totally the generation of blood CD45-positive cells from dissected P-Sp, implying that angiotensin II signaling is necessary for the emergence of hematopoietic cells. Conversely, addition of exogenous angiotensin II peptide stimulates hematopoiesis in culture, with an increase in the number of immature c-Kit+CD41+CD31+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitors, compared to the control. These results highlight a novel role of local-RAS during embryogenesis, suggesting that angiotensin II, via activation of AT1 receptor, promotes the emergence of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitors.
Inhibited vertical mixing and seasonal persistence of a thin cyanobacterial layer in a stratified lake
Authors: Fernández Castro Bieito , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Knapp Deborah , Posch Thomas , Bouffard Damien , Wüest Alfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHarmful blooms of the filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix rubescens have become common in many lakes as they have recovered from eutrophication over the last decades. These cyanobacteria, capable of regulating their vertical position, often flourish at the thermocline to form a deep chlorophyll maximum. In Lake Zurich (Switzerland), they accumulate during stratified season (May–October) as a persistent metalimnetic thin layer (~2 m wide). This study investigated the role of turbulent mixing in springtime layer formation, its persistence over the summer, and its breakdown in autumn. We characterised seasonal variation of turbulence in Lake Zurich with four surveys conducted in April, July and October of 2018 and September of 2019. Surveys included microstructure profiles and high-resolution mooring measurements. In July and October, the thin layer occurred within a strong thermocline ($$N \gtrsim 0.05$$

N
≳
0.05

s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

) and withstood significant turbulence, observed as turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates ($$\varepsilon \approx 10^{-8}$$

ε
≈

10

-
8

W kg$$^{-1}$$

-
1

). Vertical turbulent overturns –monitored by the Thorpe scale– went mostly undetected and on average fell below those estimated by the Ozmidov scale ($$L_O \approx 1$$

L
O

≈
1

cm). Consistently, vertical diffusivity was close to molecular values, indicating negligible turbulent fluxes. This reduced metalimnetic mixing explains the persistence of the thin layer, which disappears with the deepening of the surface mixed layer in autumn. Bi-weekly temperature profiles in 2018 and a nighttime microstructure sampling in September 2019 showed that nighttime convection serves as the main mechanism driving the breakdown of the cyanobacterial layer in autumn. These results highlight the importance of light winds and convective mixing in the seasonal cycling of P. rubescens communities within a strongly stratified medium-sized lake.