bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization of Dichlorofluorescein Silver Nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) and Their Effect on Seed Germination of Vigna radiata
Authors: Deochand Lade Bipin , Sanjay Shanware Arti , M. Barapatre Ruchika 
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is adequate for the formulation of stable dichlorofluorescein-induced silver nanoparticles under the boiling method to analyze their effects on the seed germination of Mung seeds (Vigna radiata). Preliminary dichlorofluoresceine nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) synthesis evidence by noticing the solution color transformed from a light green color to a dark brown color. The 2.5 ml of dichlorofluoresceine (DCF) solution was found sufficient for the formulation of dichlorofluoresceine induced silver nanoparticles at boiling conditions. Purified dichlorofluoresceine nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) measure an average diameter of 293 nm where the majority of nanoparticles were around 159 nm in size with the surface load of-9.35 mV zeta potential value. The impact of dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) on the germination percentage of V. radiata has shown that, the 25% concentration of DCF-SNPs is excellent for the growth of Mung seeds (V. radiata). Overall, the dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles may be constructive for improving the percentage of seed germination at 25% of its concentration and may also be useful for fluorescent measurement using the confocal microscopy technique. Hence, dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) are proposed as an efficient detection system for nanoparticles in agrochemicals for plants.
Assessment of facial landmarks for bone asymmetry in geometric morphometric studies: A review
Authors: Rupic Ivana , Čuković-Bagić Ivana , Ivković Vladimir , Lauc Tomislav 
Published: March 2021

Background
Anthropometrical points or landmarks are key for facial shape analysis using geometric morphometrics. In the early 1990s Fred Bookstein created a classification system with landmarks type 1., type 2., type 3. based on anatomical landmark homology. However, thirty years later, a uniform referece index of landmarks that can be used for assessing facial asymmetry still does not exist. The criteria for selecting landmark points are not fully defined, which makes classification of homology and and landmarks prone to arbitrary interpretations. A systematic review of literature indicates that authors of studies do not provide explanation for choosing exact points. Most of them also do not provide a clear definition of landmarks and landmarks classification according to homology.
Objective
The objective of this systematic review was to assess, in an evidence based manner, which landmarks inside the Bookstein groups of on facial hard tissues can be reccomended for facial asymmetry assessment using geometric mophometrics.
Search methods
An electronic search of 9 databases up to March 2020 by two reviewers was conducted to identify relevant articles.
Selection criteria
Prospective randomized, non-randomized controlled trials and cross sectional studies reporting on facial asymmetry using three-dimensional images and geometric morphometric methods. The reasons for assessing facial asymmetry were not considered.
Data collection and analysis
The 23 selected studies were categorized according to the number and specification of the research subjects, types of three-dimensional images, number of landmarks, and the craniofacial region of interest. All landmarks were extracted with the following data: name, abbreviation, and the author’s definition of the location.
Results
The craniofacial region is divided into neurobasic cranial part, ethmomaxillar part and the mandible. Assessment of neurobasic cranial asymmetry was conducted in 6 studies and 45 different landmarks were recorded, of which 11 were medial and 34 bilateral. Bregma and Lambda occur most frequently and according to homology both belong to type 1 landmarks.
Assessment of ethmomaxillary asymmetry was conducted in 21 studies and 68 different landmarks were recorded, of which 16 were medial and 52 bilateral. Nasion and Jugale occur most frequently and according to homology Nasion belongs to type 1 landmarks and Jugale to type 2 landmarks.
Conclusion
The selection and definition of craniofacial hard tissue landmarks is one of the most important tasks in the design of morphometric studies, and thus for the purpose of assessing facial asymmetry. The review provides an extensive cross-section of possible landmarks with the definition of the location as well as the possible location variation. The list of these landmarks should be observed through the classification of landmarks according to their homology, as well as possible variations of the classification.
Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Cancer in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Okari Tamunoiyowuna G. , West Boma A. , Wonodi Woroma 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Childhood cancer is on the increase globally with a heterogenous distribution in the type seen in different localities, age groups, and gender. So also, is the outcome of treatment variable in different countries and is dependent on the availability of funds, drugs, medical equipment among others.
Aim: To determine the pattern and outcome of childhood cancer in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).
Methods: A 5-year retrospective study was carried out in RSUTH from January 2015 to December 2019. The case notes of all children aged 1-16years with diagnosis of childhood malignancy were retrieved and only those with histopathologic diagnosis of cancer and complete data were included in the study.
Results: Thirty-two children aged 1-16years, with a median age of 6years, 24 (75%) males and 8 (25%) females were recruited for the study. The median duration of symptoms was 3 months. Majority of the care givers (75%) were of low socio-economic class. Leukaemia 8 (25%) and lymphomas 5 (18.8%) were the common malignancies seen and 50% had metastatic disease at presentation. Fever (62.5%), weight loss (56.3%) and pallor (46.9%) were common complaints given, while chemotherapy alone 5 (15.6%) or in combination with surgery 5 (15.6%) was the most given treatment. Three (9.4%) children completed treatment and are alive, 28.1% requested for discharge against medical advice and 28.1% died.
Conclusion: Leukemia and lymphomas are common forms of childhood malignancy in our facility. Majority of the caregivers were poor and unable to complete the required treatment of their children.
A Case Report on Neonatal Giant Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Barkat Amina 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Hepatic hemangioma is the third most common pediatric tumor, and it is rare in the neonatal period. Because of its rarity, a treatment strategy for this disease is still being established.
Patient and Methods: A neonate girl was referred to our unit for hepatomegaly. She had a very high Alpha-fetoproteins, and the abdominal scan showed a large mass with no vascular invasion nor deep lymphadenopathy. She was diagnosed with hepatic hemangioma and treated successfully with propranolol and cortisone. After 17 months of treatment, the patient’s hepatomegaly was reduced by 97.3%.
Results: Report on successful treatment, with no side effects, for hepatic hemangioma with propranolol and cortisone associated with calcium, potassium, and vitamin D.
Conclusion: The patient’s large focal hepatic hemangioma was treated successfully with propranolol. The treatment included cortisone for one month, associated with calcium, potassium, and vitamin D.
Leaf Physiological and Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content Responses to Trinexapac-ethyl Application of Sports Turf Grasses Exposed to Water Stress
Authors: Agwa Mbah H. , Reade J. P. H , Hare M. 
Published: March 2021

Water stress causes alterations in physiological and metabolic processes in plants and is considered the primary environmental factor affecting the management of sports turf grass species.This glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on canopy net photosynthesis (Pn), cell membrane stability (CMS), turf quality (TQ) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation responses of sports turf cultivars [Cv] (100% fescue, Rootzone and Arena sports) subjected to water stress. Commercially obtained sods of turf plants were treated with 2 L/ ha TE and then exposed 7 days after to water stress. The treatments were: (i) water untreated, (ii) water TE-treated, (iii) water stress untreated; and (iv) water stress TE-treated and the experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that specifically in Cv. Rootzone, Pn was 50% higher for well water TE treated plants compared to the other treatments during the second and third week of the study. Similarly, at 14 days after application, the effect TE resulted to 35% and 50% reduction in cell membrane leakages respectively in well water and water stressed TE-treated Cv. Rootzone plants and this was statistically significant (P=0.05) different from the untreated plants. On a scale of 1-9, all turf types recorded TQ rating of ≥8 at the start of the experiment. By the fourth week of the study, it was observed that all water stress untreated plants had mean TQ (5.75) ratings lower than the minimum acceptable TQ (6). WSC content of well-watered TE-untreated plants was maintained below 60 mg/g DW throughout the study regardless of turf type. After 28 day of water stress duration, the WSC contents obtained in water stress TE-treated plants were 41%, 43% and 50% higher for Cv. Rootzone, 100% fescue and Cv. Arena sports, respectively , than in well water untreated plants. Summer preconditioning of plants with TE can be a possible management tool in alleviating the detrimental impacts of water stress in sport turf species.
Molecular Detection and Typing of Cervical Human Papillomavirus in a Selected Population in Bayelsa State: Comparison with the National and International Trend and Clinical Significance
Authors: Oboma Y. I. , Ngokere A. A. , Tatfeng Y. M. , Musa S. I. , Ibrahim I. A. , Itodo S. E. , Abdu A. B. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The link between cervical lesions and human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 is well established, but the magnitude of the risk of association and the importance of other high-risk hpv types is uncertain in Bayelsa state.
Aims: The study was aimed at detecting and typing of cervical hpv among selected subjects, establish the relationship between cervical dysplasia and hpv and also asses the level of knowledge of hpv, perception and attitude of women in Bayelsa State.
Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were used to assess the level of knowledge of hpv and cervical cancer. Papanicolaou stain for cervical cytology and Haematoxylin and Eosin stain used to study general tissue structure. Nested PCR was used to detect and multiplex PCR for typing. Results: The prevalence of hpv spectrum among participants was 52% while high risk hpv was 24%. Five (5) subtypes were identified. The subtypes identified were hpv 52(40.4%) most predominant, followed by 51(1.9%), 45(1.9%), 31(1.9%) and hpv 30 (9.6%). The age-specific prevalence showed a peak prevalence of 44.2% in the ages of 25-34 years and lowest in the age group (15-24years). Sequence alignment showed a single point mutation for hpv 45 and several points' mutation for hpv 52 at certain points of the sequenced nucleotides with Sequence no: 53CN12 and SeqH2011055303 and accession no: MG195999 and MG196000. HPV 52 was highest compared to previous studies, national and international. The level of knowledge on hpv infection and cancer of the cervix was low among subjects with a percentage score of 38.9%. Among other variables studied, life time sexual partners showed a statistically significant relationship in the prevalence of hpv (OR=0.02, P˂0.01). Perceived seriousness on hpv infection was high among hpv positive subjects compared with hpv negative participants ( =16.39, p ˂0.01).
Conclusion: The emergence of hpv 52 in the study area requires public health attention and thus urgent need for local hpv vaccines production.
Impact Assessment on Adoption of Soil Health Cards for Fertilizer Management in Tiruvallur District
Authors: Manimekalai R. , Vijayashanthi V. A. , Yogameenakshi P. , Santhi P. , Sathish G. 
Published: March 2021

Soil Health plays a vital role to ensure agricultural production in a sustainable manner. The basic objective of the soil testing is to provide recommendations to the farmers for the optimum and economic use of fertilizers and better soil management practices to increase agricultural production in their farm. The present study was conducted to analyze the adoption of soil testing and Soil Health Cards for fertilizer management conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Tirur, Tiruvallur district. The data revealed that the number of conduct of awareness and training programmes on soil health management and soil samples analysed (30 nos. to 240 nos.) at KVK Tirur increased from 2012 to 2018. Results indicated that highest percentage of beneficiaries belonged to the middle age group of 36-55 years (48.75%) followed old age (37%). Most of the farmers were practicing agriculture in Semi Medium (28%) followed by medium land holdings (24%) among the SHC beneficiaries and small (35%) and Marginal land holdings (30%) among non-SHC beneficiaries. It was observed that medium level of knowledge was obtained (48%) by SHC beneficiaries followed by high level (20%) whereas 60% of non-beneficiary was having low level of knowledge on SHC. On an average majority of the SHC beneficiary were lying in the medium adoption level (43%) followed by high adoption category (21%). Reason behind the partial adoption and no adoption might be due to their unawareness on the benefits of optimum fertilizer application. Comparative analysis between adopted beneficiaries and SHC non-beneficiaries on crop productivity in paddy, Greengram Blackgram and groundnut indicated 11.66%, 16.12%, 8.67 and 15.10% increase in productivity over non-beneficiaries.
An Analytical Investigation Study of Potential Human Health Risks Caused by Petroleum-contaminated Surface Water Containing Various Toxic Heavy Metals at the Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Charles Fawole , Salami S. J. , Dashak D. A. , Chimezie-Nwosu H. A. 
Published: March 2021

Surface water samples were collected from the Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta using the grab samples method and were analytically investigated for petroleum contamination. The liquid-liquid extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons was carried out following standard procedures of U.S EPA 3510; 1664 method and ASTM D3695 -95(2013). The US EPA 3005A method was adopted for acid wet digestion (Aqua regia mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl in ratio 1:3) for toxic heavy metal (HMs) determination. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) was analytically identified and quantified with the representative extract (sample) using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection (GC-MSD) Agilent Technologies 7890A in adherence to the standard analytical method of U.S EPA 8270;625. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Buck Scientific 210VGP in adherence in to the manufacturer’s specifications was employed for HMs. The recorded elevated levels of the TPHs were significantly above the permissible limit of DPR/EGASPIN and HMs were also overwhelmingly above permissible limits of relevant regulatory agencies. The elevated concentrations of these contaminants of concern provided evidences of severe contamination in the study site and severe threats to environment and human health.
Clinical Pattern and Frequency of Co-morbidities among Patients Presented with Cholelithiasis’ at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Memon Juwereya , Jarwar Muhammad , Soomro Sohail Ahmed , Memon Abdul Sattar , Memon Riffat Jabeen 
Published: March 2021

Background: Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) remains the commonest medical issue leading to surgical intervention. Causes of the Gall stone has been not properly understood, but it is thought to have several factors. Untreated gall stones can cause the various complications like inflammation of gall bladder, tissue damage, gallbladder tears and infection.
Objective: To determine the clinical pattern and frequency of comorbidities among patients presented with cholelithiasis at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at general Surgery department, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. All the patients having diagnosis of gall stone disease, age>18 years and either of gender were included in the study. Patients were selected on outpatient department (OPD) basis. Complete clinical examination was done including abdominal ultrasound and required laboratory investigations. Data regarding demographic information including clinical presentational and comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension and obesity was recorded and also smoking status was assessed. All the data was recorded via study proforma and was analyzed by SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 149 patients were studied, their mean age was 49.23+7.33 years. Females were commonest as 57(38.3%) and males were 92(61.7%). As per clinical presentation pain was found to be most common, particularly as epigastrium pain was found in (93.95%) cases, right Hypochondrium pain (73.82%), pain radiation was more towards scapula (50.33%), dyspepsia was noted in (49.66%), nausea was observed in 44 patients, flatulence in 45 patients and vomiting was least common (21.47%). Diabetes mellitus was 76(51.0%), hypertension was 67(45.0%), overweight were 63(42.3%), obese were 25(16.8%), HCV positive cases were 34(22.8%) and HBV positive cases were 09(59.7%). However smokers were 48(32.2%) and 06(4.0%) were alcohol consumers. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity were significantly more prevalent in females as compared to males (p=<0.05). Smoking habits and alcohol consumption were mostly found in males (p=<0.05). However HCV and HBV infections were statically insignificant according to gender.
Conclusion: It was concluded that gallstone is a common problem and most of the patients who were diagnosed with gallstones were females, obese (BMI>27kg/m2), diabetes mellitus and belonged to fourth decade (40 to 50 years) of their life. Commonest clinical presentations were epigastrium pain, right Hypochondrium pain, pain radiation towards scapula and dyspepsia.
Phytochemical Study and Anthelmintic Activity of Nine Congolese Medicinal Plants
Authors: Merveille Mikala Grâce Raycélia , Célestine Nkounkou Loumpangou , Brice Kadja Amani , Akhanovna Mamyrbekova-Békro Janat , Yves-Alain Békro , Jean-Maurille Ouamba 
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite advances in hygiene and preventive medicine, parasitic diseases, particularly digestive parasitosis, remain a public health problem in tropical countries. Elaborate the ethnobotanical survey carried out in Brazzaville - Congo, 21 plants (divided into 20 families, 20 genera) were identified, among them 9 were selected for this study. These were: Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L., Rauvolfia mannii Stapf, Aloe buettneri A. Berger, Garcinia kola Heckel, Piper guineense Schumach & Thonn., Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridl.) K. Schum., Plagiostyles africana (Müll .Arg.) Prain, Morinda lucida Benth, Cogniauxia podoleana Baill.
Materials and Methods: The in vitro evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of the aqueous extracts of these 9 plants was determined at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 mg/mL against Lumbricus terrestris used as animal support in comparison to the Mebendazole (20 mg/mL). The phytochemical screening realized by TLC to detect phytochemical families in plant, also, the antioxidant potential with DPPH radical was determined by UV-Visible spectrophometry in comparison to the Vitamin C.
Results: Thus, P. guineense, A. conyzoides and A. alboviolaceum are those which presented significant vermicidal effect, after Mebendazole. Phytochemical screening into TLC revealed the co-presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and terpenes.The antioxidant potential of the aqueous extracts of these different plants in comparison to vitamin C, has shown that the species A. Buettineri and A. alboviolaceum presented the best potential compared to 7 other species studied, with the concentration needed to reduce 50% of the DPPH radical (CR50) respectively 0.096 mg/mL for A. Buettineri, 0.098 mg/mL for A. alboviolaceum Berger and 0.015 mg/mL for vitamin C.
Conclusion: There is modern drugs against intestinal worms, it is necessary to identify the plants with anthelmintic activity, to determine phytochemical compounds that would be responsible for their use by traditional healers to treat the intestinal parasitosis.
Role of Pharmacological Therapy and Surgical Intervention in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Laghari Ahsan Ali , Hameed Faiza , Abro Shah Nawaz , Muneer Ambreen , Jamali Anwar Ali , Pathan Nusrat Fozia , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the Role of medical therapy and surgical intervention in carcinoma of breast.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration: Two years study from January 2018 to December 2020 was conducted at Liaquat university of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro.
Methods: The study comprises 50 patients. Data was collected from all who were admitted at OPD. The patients were evaluated fully after history & Clinical examinations and Specific investigations of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Tru cut biopsy for Histology ERPR Receptor and Herceptin receptor, ultra sound of breast, and Abdomen, Mammography, C T scan, M R I, Tumor marker CA15.3. CA 125 for ovary and breast, X ray chest and Bone scan. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for lymphatic involvement, Liver Function Test, serum calcium, Complete Blood Picture (CBP), blood sugar, blood urea. HBSAG, HCV, HIV and COVID-19 Evaluated patients were evaluated fully after history, clinical examinations & specific investigations.
Results: In this study 50 patients of Carcinoma of breast. The maximum numbers of patients were in age group 20 to 80 years. 15 patients were in age group 20 to 39 year, 24 patients were in age group 40 to 59 years, 11 patients were in age group 60 to 80 year. Out of 50 patients 29 patients were presented with breast lump, 8 patients were presented with bloody discharge, 7 patients were presented with nipple destruction and 6 Patients were presented with pricking sensation Out of 50 patients 21 patients were presented with stage I, 13 Patients presented with stage II, 9 patients were presented with stage III and 7 patients were presented with stage IV. Out of 50 patients 22 Patients were diagnosed duct cell carcinoma, 11 patients were diagnosed Phyllodes tumor, 9 patients were diagnosed lobular cell carcinoma, 5 patient were diagnosed tubular cell carcinoma and 3 patients were diagnosed Paget’s type of carcinoma .Out of 50 patients 25 patients were ERPR positive treated by Nolvadex (tamoxifeen) 16 Patients were ERPR negative treated by chemotherapy drugs and Aromatase inhibitors, 9 Patients were Her2neu receptor positive treated by Herceptin (Trastuzumab) Out of 50 patients 34 patients were treated by Modified radical mastectomy, 16 patients were initially were treated neo adjuvant therapy. Then Modified Radical Mastectomy, Out of 50 patients 25 patients were treated with Nolvadex (tamoxifeen) after Modified Radical Mastectomy better outcome seen in those patients.
Conclusion: Carcinoma of breast is a common problem all over the word, patient can present with lump over the breast, bloody discharge, destruction of nipple or areola if not diagnosed and treat early stage, patient can die within a year without Medical and surgical treatment.