bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Hemorrhage in The Third Stage of Labor: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: de Souza Maria de Lourdes , Chipindo Adalia Edna Fernando , Teixeira Eneida Patrícia , Souza Anna Carolina Raduenz Huf , Rangel Rita de Cássia Teixeira , Rodrigues Débora Batista , de Andrade Zannis Benevides , Nóbrega Juliana Fernandes da , Costa Inácio Alberto Pereira , Bentes Cheila Maria Lins , Chipindo Helder Lucas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common form of obstetric hemorrhage. This is the main cause of maternal death around the world: the incidence varies among countries and accounts for 27% (in some countries, more than 50%) of direct obstetric maternal deaths, mainly in the postpartum period. Recognizing risk factors for PPH in prenatal care and during childbirth care is the first stage to prevent maternal death from PPH. The objective this review is: To identify the risk factors for hemorrhage in the third stage of labor described in the literature from 2000 to 2020. MethodsA protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis study was developed, supported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and, registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The research question for conducting the review was structured according to the PEOS strategy (P — Populations/People/Patient/ Problem, E — Exposure (s), O — Outcome, S — Study design): P — women aged from 10 to 49 years, in labor; E — risk factors for hemorrhage in the third stage of labor; O — women with hemorrhage during birth and postpartum; S — observational studies (case control and cohort). Thus, the defined question was: what are the risk factors for hemorrhage in the third stage of labor described in the literature from 2000 to 2020? As for the planning of electronic searches, databases were consulted by using the platform of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in Brazil (CAPES, as per its Portuguese acronym). Due to the characteristics of each database, specific search strategies were chosen for each database. After applying the eligibility criteria, the articles that are selected will have the quality of the evidence evaluated by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), with the online tool GRADEpro GDT.Discussion Prevention and control of hemorrhage must be initiated in the prenatal period, requiring competent professionals to carry out the appropriate clinical evaluation to classify the degree of risk to which the woman is exposed. This systematic review will support the studies of professionals who working in Angola and Brazil.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021219303
Mitigating Effects of Beta-Carotene on Hydroponic Growth and Productivity of Amaranthus Hybridus L. under Aluminium Toxicity Induced Stress
Authors: Egedigwe Uchenna Oliver , Udengwu Obi Sergius 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major sources of environmental stress that limit plant growth and productivity in many acidic soils, especially in the tropics and sub-tropics. Al toxicity subsequently leads to food insecurity in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Though plants can synthesize their antioxidants; the need exists to investigate whether under Al toxicity-induced stress; beta-carotene (β-Carotene) supplementation could ameliorate the stress situation and enhance growth and productivity. A 3× 10− 2 mM aluminium chloride (AlCl3) at pH 4.6 was used to stress plants. β-Carotene was extracted from carrots and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine its peak absorbance at 295 nm. β-Carotene's activity was determined using the thiobarbituric acid method. The effects of 50 and 200 µM concentrations of β-Carotene on the hydroponic growth of Amaranthus hybridus, subjected to Al stress, were evaluated in this study. Pre- and post- β-Carotene treatments were applied to A. hybridus seedlings before and after Al treatment for 72 h. Results showed that post- β-Carotene treatments significantly ameliorated plants from Al stress when compared to pre- β-Carotene treatments. Higher doses of β-Carotene significantly increased leaf number, plant height, length and number of inflorescence, fresh and dry weights of shoot, root and inflorescence but significantly decreased root length. The present study suggests that plants of A. hybridus were susceptible to Al toxicity-induced stress and post-β-Carotene supplementation could significantly ameliorate the stress situation and enhance growth and productivity. However, intrinsic antioxidants could be adequate for plants not subjected to stress.
A Novel Clean Biopolymer-Based Additive To Improve Mechanical And Microstructural Properties of Clayey Soil
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Hasan , Modiri Farzaneh , Darvishan Ehsan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Conventional soil additives, as a sector of construction materials, can cause serious environmental problems due to their cement-dependent nature. To eliminate destroying effects of these kinds of additives, environmentally friendly ones have gained great consideration. Although polysaccharides are considered as powerful biocompatible soil additives in recent studies, the effect of their crosslinked hydrogel with elevated rheological and adhesive properties has been very rarely investigated in soil stabilization. In this paper, calcium chloride was used as ionic crosslinker to enhance recently proposed Persian gum biopolymer as a novel polysaccharide-based additive for clayey soil stabilization. A group of macro and micro scale tests including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear test (DS), freeze thaw durability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), stereo zoom microscopy (SZM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (N2-BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted. The tests were also performed on soil treated with xanthan gum as a common hydrocolloid of soil stabilization. As the results show, the introduced ionic crosslinked hydrogel at its optimum content has superior performance than well-known xanthan gum in terms of soil strength and ductility. Crosslinking has also positive effects on durability results of pure Persian gum to make it comparable to xanthan gum. Consumption of lower amounts of Persian gum at presence of ionic crosslinker can make stabilization projects more economical efficient. Microscale tests also confirmed the powerful impact of optimum modified hydrogel on soil interstructure by filling the pores, agglomeration of soil particles and formation of new cementitious compounds in the mineralogical structure of the soil.
COVID-19: visualizing peaks and waves in recorded cases across the globe
Authors: Dayal Vikram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has affected different parts of the globe in waves. Yet, waves are not specifically defined. Using a simple and transparent approach, I provide a bird’s-eye view of waves of recorded cases of COVID-19 at different locations across the globe. Using a widely available dataset, I compile and visualize the peak size and number of waves for over 150 locations, with a population of at least a million each. Most locations experienced one to three waves. Whether the waves increased or decreased in size within locations varies. I have created a Shiny app that helps the reader interact with the data graphs.
Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Breastfeeding: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Beggs Bridget , Koshy Liza , Neiterman Elena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Despite public health efforts to promote breastfeeding, global rates of breastfeeding continue to trail behind the goals identified by the World Health Organization. While the literature exploring breastfeeding beliefs and practices is growing, it offers various, and sometimes conflicting, explanations regarding women’s attitudes towards and experiences of breastfeeding. This research explores existing empirical literature suggestions regarding women’s perceptions about and experiences with breastfeeding. The overall goal of this research is to identify what barriers mothers face when attempting to breastfeed and what supports they need to guide their breastfeeding choices. Methods This paper uses a scoping review methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley. PubMed, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and PsychInfo databases were searched utilizing a predetermined string of key words. After removing duplicates, papers published in 2010-2020 in English were screened for eligibility. A literature extraction tool and thematic analysis were used to code and analyze the data.Results In total, 59 papers were included in the review. Thematic analysis showed that mothers tend to assume that breastfeeding will be easy and find it challenging to cope with breastfeeding challenges. A lack of partner support and social networks, as well as advice from health care professionals, play critical roles in women’s decision to breastfeed. Conclusion While breastfeeding mothers are generally aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, they experience barriers at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Acknowledging that breastfeeding is associated with challenges and providing adequate institutional support can improve breastfeeding rates and have a positive impact on women’s breastfeeding experiences.
The Effects of Intermittent Feeding And Cold Water On Welfare Status And Meat Quality In Broiler Chickens Reared Under Daily Heat Stress
Authors: Erensoy Kadir , Sarıca Musa , Noubandiguim Moise , Aslan Resul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of feeding type (ad-libitum: AF and intermittent: IF) and water temperature (normal: NW and cold: CW) treatments on welfare status and meat quality in fast-growing broiler chickens reared under daily heat stress between 22-42 days of age. Panting rate and rectal temperature of the chickens were determined at 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age and twice a week in 3 female and 3 male chickens in each pen. Welfare traits such as foot pad dermatitis (FPD), hock burn (HB), breast burn (BB) and leg problems (LP) were examined individually at 42 days of age. At day 43, 3 male and 3 female chickens per pen were randomly selected and slaughtered after an 8-h fasting period, pH and color [lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*)] of breast and thigh meat were determined. AF×CW chickens had significantly higher panting rates at all ages compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). While FPD and LP were not affected by feeding type and water temperature treatments, interaction effects on HB and BB were found significant (P < 0.05). The HB and BB levels were the lowest in AF×NW chickens (P < 0.05). While treatments did not change to any color traits in breast meat (P > 0.05), interactions significantly affected the yellowness (b*) value in thigh (P < 0.05). In conclusion, management practices such as IF and CW in fast-growing broilers could not completely reduce the detrimental effects of heat stress on some welfare and meat quality traits, and in some cases even caused more negativity.
A Stepped-Wedge Randomized trial Investigating the Effect of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) Intervention on Implementation and Transformational Leadership, and Implementation Climate
Authors: Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim , Braathu Nora , Peters Nadina , Bækkelund Harald , Endsjø Mathilde , Babaii Aida , Borge Randi Hovden , Wentzel-Larsen ToRe , Ehrhart Mark G. , Sklar Marisa , Brown C. Hendricks , Aarons Gregory A. , Egeland Karina M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study evaluates the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy and its effect on implementation leadership, transformational leadership, and implementation climate. Methods: A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial enrolled 47 first-level leaders from child- and adult-specialized mental health clinics within Norwegian health trusts across three cohorts. All therapists (n = 804) received training in screening of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress, and a subgroup (n = 249) of therapists received training in evidence-based treatment methods for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). First-level leaders and therapists were asked to complete surveys at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 months assessing leadership and implementation climate. General linear mixed effects models were used to investigate whether engagement in the LOCI strategy would lead to greater therapist-rated scores on implementation leadership, transformational leadership, and implementation climate.Results: There was a significant increase in therapist-rated implementation and transformational leadership as well as implementation climate after the leaders were introduced to the LOCI strategy. This increase was sustained at all measurement time point compared to non-LOCI conditions which demonstrated a steady decrease in scores before LOCI was introduced. Conclusions: The LOCI strategy can develop better transformational and implementation leadership skills as well as contribute to a more positive implementation climate to enhance successful evidence-based practice implementation. Thus, LOCI can help leaders create an organizational context conducive for effective EBP implementation. Trial registration: NSD 60036/3/LH, NSD 60059/3/OOS The full trial protocol can be accessed from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6417075/
Role of IGF-1 in Neuroinflammation and Cogniton Deficits Induced by Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Wan Yahui , Gao Wei , Zhou Kaili , Liu Xuan , Zheng Pei , Xue Rong , Wu Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation negatively influences cognition, although inflammatory and immune responses participate in sleep deprivation,the molecular regulators of neuroinflammation after sleep deprivation remain to be defined. IGF-1 have shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in models of CNS injury. This study investigated the role of IGF-1 on neuroinflammation and cognition deficits after sleep deprivation.Methods: Human periphery blood were obtained from chronic insomia(CI) patients to evaluated the levels of IGF-1. Mouse model of modified multiple platforms method (MMPM) was used to examine the role of IGF-1 in sleep deprivation. Behavior was evaluated by water maze tests.Inflammatory markers, and neuroinflammation were assessed by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR.Results: We found down-regulation of IGF-1 in human peripheral blood and in mice subjected to sleep deprivation for 5 days, and reduced activation of downstream the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway in mice brain. In conjunction, we found reduced levels of anti-apoptosis enzyme Bcl-2 and increased levels of pro-apoptosis enzyme Caspase-9, together with increased pro-inflammatory factors. Administration of IGF-1 induced activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reversed changes in Bcl-2, Caspase-9 and pro-inflammatory factors, and prevented cognitive decline.Conclusion: These findings indicate that the IGF-1 reduces neuroinflammation and cogniton deficits after sleep deprivation. The effects may be mediated by the interaction among IGF-1 and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling. IGF-1 may be a viable therapeutic target that requires further investigations in sleep deprivation.
Prognosis Stratification Tools in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Could We Improve Their Accuracy?
Authors: Ramon-Patino Jorge Luis , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Heredia-Soto Victoria , Calle Luis Eduardo Garcia de la , Zagidullin Bulat , Wang Yinyin , Berjon Alberto , Lopez-Janeiro Alvaro , Miguel Maria , Escudero Javier , Gallego Alejandro , Castelo Beatriz , Yebenes Laura , Hernandez Alicia , Feliu Jaime , Pelaez-García Alberto , Tang Jing , Hardisson David , Mendiola Marta , Redondo Andres 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere are 3 prognostic stratification tools used in clinics for endometrial cancer: ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO 2016, ProMisE, and ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2020. However, these methods are not sufficiently accurate to address the prognosis and adjuvant therapy. Some other previously explored biomarkers have also shown prognostic relevance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the integration of molecular classification and other biomarkers could be used to refine the prognosis in early-stage endometrial cancer. MethodsThis was a retrospective single-institution cohort of patients with early-stage endometrial cancer to evaluate these stratification tools. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival of each classifier were analysed, and the c-index was employed to assess accuracy. Other biomarkers were explored to improve the precision of risk classifiers.ResultsWe analysed 294 patients: 88% had endometrioid histology, 69% stage Ia, and 15% had a relapse. A comparison between the 3 classifiers showed a slightly improved accuracy in ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2020 when RFS was evaluated (c-index = 0.79), although we did not find differences between intermediate prognostic groups. However, the inclusion of CTNNB1 status to stratify patients of intermediate groups allowed a better discrimination between the intermediate prognostic groups, resulting in a c-index of 0.82. Therefore, we propose a novel classifier based on ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2020 and CTNNB1, which achieved statistically significant and clinically relevant differences in 5-year RFS: 93.4% for low risk, 79.6% for intermediate merged group/CTNNB1 wild type, and 37.3% for high risk (including patients from the merged intermediate groups with CTNNB1 mutation).ConclusionsThe incorporation of molecular classification in risk stratification of endometrial cancer resulted in better discriminatory capability, which was improved even further with the addition of CTNNB1 mutational evaluation.
Variation of Actual Corn (Zea Mays L.) Evapotranspiration, Single and Dual Crop Coefficient Under Different Point Source Irrigation Systems in a Semiarid Region
Authors: Kanani Elahe , Dehghanisanij Hossein , Akhavan Samira 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Paying attention to irrigation of corn could have significant attention on water resources. The experiment was carried out to consider the influence of porous capsule irrigation (PCI), surface drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems under mulch condition on actual evapotranspiration (ETc act), crop coefficients (Kc single and Kc dual), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of corn in a semi-arid region of Iran. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three irrigation systems as the main-factor and two soil coverage with mulch (M1) and non- mulch (M2) as sub- factor. The results showed that corn ETc act varied significantly with different irrigation systems (P < 0.05), and was reported 389.8, 377.0 and 372.8 mm for PCI, DI and SDI systems, respectively. The highest value of Kc average and Kcb (0.82 and 1.22, respectively) and the minimum value of Ke (0.12) were seen in PCI system. The dry and wet biological yield were the highest in (PCI + M1) treatment (29.98 and 107 ton/ ha, respectively), and the lowest dry and wet biological yield were recorded in (DI + M2) treatment (23.19 and 58.54 ton/ha, respectively). The highest WUE (7.89 kg/m3) were recorded in (PCI + M1) treatment. Using PCI system leads to higher biological yield, WUE and IWUE in comparison to DI and SDI systems. Accordingly, PCI system as an alternative to drip irrigation system can be a viable option for water scarce area particularly for smallholder farmers.
Occupational Exposure to Gasoline in Gasoline Station Male Attendants Promote M1 Polarization in Macrophages
Authors: Toson Elshahat , saad Entsar , omar hadeer abd el-raouf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several studies have reported the toxicological implications of exposure of petroleum hydrocarbon fumes in animal models. There is little documentation on the effect of such exposure on oxidative stress levels and immune response. To our knowledge; no documentation of M1 polarization in macrophages in gasoline station male attendants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of gasoline vapors in 62 of male attendants (16–70 years) compared to 29 age- and sex- matched- unexposed controls. The attendants were recruited from Damietta governorate gasoline stations. Results, gasoline exposure induced significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level (p < 0.05) as well as a slight but non-significant increase in the activity of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) (p > 0.05). Further TNF-α/AMCase ratio was significantly increased )p < 0.01) in sera of the attendants when compared to those of the healthy controls. Also, the total leucocytic and lymphocytic counts were significantly increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). On contrary, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, significant reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, plasma glutathione reduced form (GSH) and catalase, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in red blood cells were observed in the exposed attendants. As a result, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels and NO/AMCase ratio were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study inferred that prolonged gasoline exposure can mediate immune activation; especially M1 macrophages polarization; possibly via oxidative stress mediated mechanism.
Morphological Classification of Trochlear Dysplasia Based On Three-Dimensional Models
Authors: Lu Jiangfeng , Wang Yanru , Ji Gang , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Trochlear dysplasia (TD) is a common risk factor for the development of patellofemoral instability (PI). Dejour’s classification shows low agreement between conventional radiography and axial magnetic resonance imaging. The present study aimed to evaluate and categorize the true lateral view of three-dimensional (3D) femoral models in patients with TD. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 96 hip-knee-ankle joints (49 PI patients: 34 female, 15 male; mean age 19.1±6.7 years, range 12–41 years) during 2017–2019 were collected and analyzed. A senior orthopedic surgeon classified the true lateral views of femoral 3D models and raw CT images. The crossing-point site and lateral condyle/facet morphology (lateral condyle bump or supratrochlear spur) were the main criteria. Results: TD cases were classified into four types and their frequencies recorded: type 1 (7.3%) = crossing-point site in the proximal trochlear area and no lateral condyle bump or supratrochlear spur; type 2 (19.8%) = crossing-point site in the proximal trochlear area and presence of a lateral condyle bump or supratrochlear spur; type 3 (13.5%) = crossing-point site in the distal trochlear area and no lateral condyle bump or supratrochlear spur; type 4 (59.4%) = crossing-point site in the distal trochlear area and presence of lateral condyle bump or supratrochlear spur.Conclusion: The presentation of TD varies greatly among PI patients and can be categorized into four types. This new classification, based on true lateral views of 3D femoral models, may provide relatively reliable guidance when using trochleoplasty to treat TD. Level of Evidence: II, development of diagnostic or monitoring criteria in consecutive patients.