bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGF-β Isoforms and Receptors: A Gene Expression Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Normal Individuals
Authors: Shirvani-Farsani Zeinab , Behmanesh Mehrdad , Sahraian Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), depicted by lymphocytic infiltration and demyelination. MS is associated with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the expression level of TGF-β1, TGF-β 2, TGF-β-R1 and TGF-β-R2 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patients and healthy controls using Real-Time PCR. Results: Our findings indicated that the TGF-β-R1 expression level was 2.25 times higher in controls than MS patients. Also, a significant correlation between normalized expression of TGF-β-R1 and TGF-β1, or TGF-β2 was observed. Therefore, these genes could likely play an important role in the etiology of MS.
Menopause Impacts Human Brain Structure, Connectivity,&nbsp;Energy Metabolism, and Amyloid-beta Deposition.
Authors: Mosconi Lisa , Berti Valentina , Dyke Jonathan , Schelbaum Eva , Jett Steven , Laughlin Lacey , Jang Grace , Rahman Aneela , Hristov Hollie , Pahlajani Sikly , Andrews Randolph , Matthews Dawn , Etingin Orli , Ganzer Christine , Leon Mony de , Isaacson Richard , Brinton Roberta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
All women undergo the menopause transition (MT) in their lifetime, yet little is known of how this process impacts the human brain. The MT occurs in stages characterized by unique endocrine properties that impact aging trajectories of multiple organ systems including brain. This multi-modality neuroimaging study indicates that MT stages (pre-menopause, peri-menopause, and post-menopause) are associated with substantial differences in brain structure, connectivity, and energy metabolism in regions subserving higher-order cognitive processes. Effects were specific to endocrine aging (menopause) rather than chronological aging, as determined by comparison to age-matched males. Brain biomarkers largely stabilized post-menopause, and gray matter volume (GMV) recovered in key brain regions sensitive to cognitive aging. Notably, GMV recovery and in vivo brain mitochondria ATP production correlated with preservation of cognitive performance post-menopause, suggesting adaptive compensatory processes. In parallel to the adaptive process, amyloid-β deposition was more pronounced in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women carrying apolipoprotein E-4 (APOE-4) genotype, the major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, relative to genotype-matched males. These data show that human menopause is a dynamic neurological transition that significantly impacts brain structure, connectivity, and metabolic profile, as well as cognitive integrity, during midlife endocrine aging of the female brain.
Trends in Mental Health Symptoms, Service Use, and Unmet Need for Services
among US Adults through the First Nine Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Coley Rebekah , Baum Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to rising morbidity, mortality, and social and economic disruption, stressors which have impaired mental health.1 Evidence emerged of substantial increases in anxiety and depression in spring and summer, 2020.2-7 To understand the effects of the pandemic and inform public health initiatives, it is essential to track trends in mental health disorders, as well as use of and need for mental health services, and to identify demographic groups at highest risk. Analyzing cross-sectional samples of 1,483,378 US adults, we show that reports of anxiety and depression rose significantly from April to November, 2020 to rates six-times higher than early 2019 US norms. Use of prescription medication, counseling services, and unmet need for mental health services also rose significantly. Prevalence rates of mental health disorders were highest among young, less educated, single, female, Black, Hispanic, and other race/ethnicity adults, with age and education disparities growing over time. Hispanics, Blacks, other race/ethnicities, and less educated respondents also were significantly less likely to be receiving medication or counseling and reported higher unmet needs for services. Together, disparities in estimates of mental health disorders and mental health treatment indicate a striking disequilibrium between the potential need for and the use of mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rising mental health challenges are being born largely by young, less advantaged people of color and women, with the potential for expanded interruptions to optimal functioning and repercussions for social and economic recovery from COVID-19.
Estimated Change in Prevalence of Hypertension in Bangladesh According to Following JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017: Secondary Analysis From Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Rahman Md Ashfikur , Halder Henry , Yadav Uday Narayan , Mistry Sabuj Kanti 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Most studies followed either Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) or World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) revised the definition of hypertension in 2017, which has significant public health importance. Identifying the change in the new guideline has resulted in the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension compared to that of the JNC7 guideline in Bangladesh. This study used data from the most recent round (2017-18) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the participants were categorized as hypertensive if they had BP measurements greater than or equal to 130/80 mm Hg, which was greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg according to the JNC 7 guideline. A total of 11 959 weighted participants were included in the analysis. The median (IQR) age of the respondents was 34.0 (18.0-95.0) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.0% according to the JNC 7 guideline, which was 50.5% according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Participants who were overweight and obese, aged, member of affluent households, urban residents, and Rangpur division inhabitants had significantly higher odds of being hypertensive according to both guidelines. The new guideline suggests that half of the adult population in Bangladesh is hypertensive when measured according to the new guideline, urging the policymakers and public health practitioners to take immediate action to address the already established modifiable risk factors.
Quantitative Laryngoscopy With Computer-aided Diagnostic System for Laryngeal Lesions
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng , Lai Wen-Sen , Liu Shao-Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Laryngoscopes are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal lesions, but such diagnosis relies heavily on the physician's subjective experience. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the detection of laryngeal lesions based on objective criteria.Methods: This study used the distinct features of the image contour to find the clearest image in the laryngoscopic video. For the illumination problem caused by the laryngoscope lens, which could not fix the position of the light source, this study proposed image compensation to provide the image with a consistent brightness range. We also proposed a method to automatically screen clear images from laryngoscopic film and automatically segment them based on structural features of the pharynx and larynx, using hue and geometric analysis in the vocal cords and other zones. Finally, the support vector machine was used to classify laryngeal lesions based on a decision tree.Results: This study evaluated the performance of the proposed system by assessing the laryngeal images of 284 patients. The accuracy of the detection for vocal cord polyps, cysts, leukoplakia, tumors, and healthy vocal cords were 93.15%, 95.16%, 100%, 96.42%, and 100%, respectively, and the classification accuracy for laryngeal lesions was 96.47%.Conclusion: Our results showed that it was feasible to take the hue and geometric features of the larynx as signs to identify laryngeal lesions and that they could effectively assist physicians in diagnosing laryngeal lesions.
Increased Total Serum Alkaline Phosphate Is Associated With Enhanced Bone Mineral Density in Dogs With Interval Exercise Training
Authors: Lee Hae Sung , Oh Hyun Ju , Kim Jong-Hee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There are growing attention and interdisciplinary efforts for One Health to attain optimal health and well-being for humans and animals. Exercise has been suggested as a powerful intervention for health care and fitness management in humans; however, few studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of exercise on dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise training on heart rate (HR), bone mineral density (BMD), muscle volume (MV), and hematological and serum biomarkers in dogs. Six healthy beagles completed the interval treadmill exercise protocol, developed based on the FITT principle, two times a week for 12 weeks. For a physiological parameter evaluation, the mean HR value was analyzed using a Polar H10 system and software program. Quantitative computed tomography was used to determine BMD in the femur and vertebrae and MV in the thigh before and after exercise training. To perform hematological and serum biochemical parameter assessment, blood samples were analyzed at zero and 12 weeks of exercise. We show that interval exercise results in a normal HR response and no adverse behavioral and physiological effects on dogs. Exercise improves BMD in the femur (541.6 ± 16.7 vs. 610.2 ± 27.8 HA, p < 0.01) and increases serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP; 68.6 ± 9.2 vs. 81.3 ± 17.2, p < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (23.5 ± 1.0 vs. 33.5 ± 1.6, p <0.01), and creatine kinase (114.8 ± 5.3 vs. 214.0 ± 20.8, p < 0.01) levels. There is a positive relationship between BMD and TALP (femur: r = 0.760, p = 0.004; vertebrae: r = 0.637; p = 0.025). Our findings suggest that long-term interval exercise training is beneficial to increase BMD in the femur, and an increased TALP level is a concomitant mechanism for enhancing BMD with exercise in dogs.
Repair Abilities of Mouse Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and ShakeGelTM3D Complex Local Injection With Intrauterine Adhesion by&nbsp;&nbsp;BMP7-Smad5 Signaling Pathway Activation
Authors: Zhao Yun-xia , Huang Qiao-yi , Chen Wei-can , Xia Tian , Chen Shao-rong , Gao Hongzhi , Shi Qi-yang , Lin shu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective was to explore the therapeutic effect of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) combined with ShakeGelTM3D transplantation to activate the BMP7-Smad5 signaling pathway to treat intrauterine adhesions (IUA). Methods: Autologous ADSCs were isolated and then merged with ShakeGelTM3D. The IUA model was established by mechanical injury. The third generation of autologous ADSCs was injected directly into the uterus in combination with ShakeGelTM3D. After 7 days of treatment, endometrial morphology, number of endometrial glands, endometrial fibrosis area, and fibrosis biomarker analysis by RT-PCR and IHC were examined. BMP7 and phosphorylation of Smad5 were also detected, and the recovery of infertility function in treated mice was evaluated. Results: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) showed that autologous ADSCs expressed CD105 (99.1%), CD29 (99.6%) and CD73 (98.9%). Autologous ADSCs could still maintain a good growth state in ShakeGelTM3D. Histological examination revealed that the number of endometrial glands increased significantly, and the area of fibrosis decreased. At the same time, the expression of BMP7 and Smad5 in the ADSCs + Gel group was significantly upregulated, and the final reproductive function recovered to about 70%. Conclusions: Autologous ADSCs can be used in combination with ShakeGelTM3D to maintain functionality and create a viable three-dimensional growth environment. The combined transplantation of autologous ADSCs and ShakeGelTM3D promotes the recovery of damaged endometrial tissue by increasing BMP7-Smad5 signal transduction, resulting in endometrium thickening, increased number of glands, and decreased fibrosis, leading to restoration of partial fertility.
A Misdiagnosis of a Huge Lung Fibroleiomyomatous Hamartoma in Pleural Cavity
Authors: Liu Minghui , Li Xin , Zhang Hongbing , Ren Fan , Dong Ming , Xia Chunqiu , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: Lung fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma is an extremely rare benign tumor in lung, it belongs to hamartoma. There were only five patients with solitary pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma reported in literatures and our case has the largest size of the tumor from lung.Case presentation: Our case is a 36-year woman with a huge mass in pleural cavity. She was once misdiagnosed mediastinal germ cell tumor with pleural effusion through percutaneous lung biopsy in other hospital. After traditional thoracotomy, a huge size of 22 x 18 x 5.5 cm mass was completely dissected and a diagnosis of pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma was given by pathology combined with immunohistochemical staining, which showed the positive staining of SMA, Desmin, CD34, BCL2, TTF1, Napsin A, and CK7, and the negative staining of S-100 and Calretinin. The patient recovered well with 40 months following up without recurrence.Conclusions:In our case, we had reported the largest size of lung fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma. The treatment of fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma is completely resected it and have a good prognosis.
Direct measurements of the RHeq in salt mixtures including the contribution from metastable phases
Authors: Rorig-Dalgaard I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Accelerated salt-induced deterioration occurs by frequent changes across the equilibrium relative humidity (RH eq ). Therefore, knowledge of the actual RH eq of a salt mixture has a major impact on preventive conservation to ensure that the relative humidity (RH) does not cause a salt phase transition and in situ desalination as the dissolution of salt is the essential criterion to enable transport of salt (ions) in materials. For decades, it has been possible to determine the RH eq in salt mixtures with the user-friendly, thermodynamic-based ECOS-Runsalt software. However, the ECOS-Runsalt model is challenged by the influence of kinetics along with some limitations in regard to possible ion types and combinations. A dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) instrument is used for the direct measurement of RH eq and to deduce knowledge on the physicochemical nonequilibrium process related to the phase changes in salt mixtures. The experimentally measured RH eq values in this study of NaCl-Na 2 SO 4 -NaNO3, NaNO 3 -Na 2 SO 4 , NaCl-NaNO 3 , NaCl-Na 2 SO 4 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 -Na 2 SO 4 are in agreement with values from the literature. A comparison with thermodynamically calculated results makes it probable that the phase transition for some salts is significantly influenced by nonequilibrium conditions. The present work bridges some of the existing gaps in regard to accuracy, including the effects of kinetics and the possible ions and combinations that may be found in situ. The proposed method makes it possible to determine a more representative RH eq in relation to real conditions for the improved treatment of salt-infected constructs.
Are there network differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with migraine?
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho-Joon , Kim Hyung Chan , Park Bong Soo , Ko Junghae , Park Si Hyung , Kim Il Hwan , Park Jin Han , Lee Yoo Jin , Park Kang Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The present study aimed to investigate differences in the structural co-variance network based on structural volume and differences in the functional network based on cerebral blood flow between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with migraine.
Methods

We prospectively enrolled 27 patients with migraine without aura, all of whom had unilateral migraine pain that always occurred on the same side. We defined the ipsilateral hemisphere as the side of migraine pain, whereas we defined the contralateral hemisphere as that contralateral to the side of migraine pain. We obtained structural volumes using three-dimensional T1-weighted images and cerebral blood flow measurements using arterial spin labeling MRI. We then analyzed structural co-variance networks based on structural volumes and functional networks based on cerebral blood flow using graph theory.
Results

There were no significant differences in structural volume or cerebral blood flow between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. However, there were significant differences in the structural co-variance network and functional network. In the structural co-variance network, the betweenness centrality of the thalamus was lower in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere. In the functional network, the betweenness centrality of the anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus was lower, while that of the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus was higher, in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere.
Conclusion

The present findings successfully demonstrate that there are significant differences in the structural co-variance network and functional network between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with migraine. Such findings may be related to the pathogenesis of pain in these patients.
The compatibility of animal-sourced food and circularity in healthy European diets
Authors: Selm Benjamin van , Frehner Anita , de Boer Imke , Hal Ollie van , Hijbeek Renske , Ittersum Martin van , Talsma Elise , Lesschen Jan-Peter , Hendriks Chantal , Herrero Mario , Zanten Hannah Van 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Several dietary guidelines are developed that propose limiting the intake of animal protein to stay within planetary boundaries and improve human health. Simultaneously, circular food systems are receiving significant attention in the European Union as an option to improve the current food system. In a circular system, animals are solely fed with low-opportunity-cost-biomass (LCB), resulting in substantially fewer animals and reduced supply of animal-sourced nutrients to humans. We assessed whether this circularity principle within the EU-28 is compatible with the recommended animal-source food consumption in healthy and environmentally friendly dietary guidelines such as the EAT-LANCET dietary guidelines. Our results show that the overall quantity of animal-sourced protein in EAT-LANCET dietary guidelines can be met, but that the precise levels of inclusion of different animal-sourced foods in such a diet cannot be achieved. The EAT-LANCET guidelines recommend larger quantities of chicken meat over beef and pork while a circular food system produces mainly milk, dairy-beef, and pork. All three circularity diets outperform the EAT-LANCET diet in nutritional value while reducing GHG emissions (up-to 31%) and arable land use (up-to 42%). Careful consideration of the permissible substitutability between animal-sourced foods is urgently needed to define the role of animal products in circular human diets. In this way the consumption of animal products - based on the circularity principle of only feeding animals with LCB - benefits both human health and the environment.
Psychiatry Curriculum: How Does It Affect Medical Students’ Attitude Toward Psychiatry?
Authors: Lee Hye Jeong , Jang Hyeok Jun , Jang Seoyoung , Bong Su Hyun , Won Geun Hui , Yoon Seoyoung , Choi Tae Young 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the attitude of South Korean medical school students towards psychiatry and to analyze how lectures and clinical clerkship in psychiatry effect changes in students’ attitudes. MethodsA total of 100 medical school students were recruited as subjects in the study, 86 of whom completed psychiatry lectures and underwent psychiatry clerkship from March 2015 to August 2018. The participating students completed a survey, which included demographic data, specialty choice, and attitude towards psychiatry. ResultsSubjects who completed lectures and clinical clerkship in psychiatry showed positive changes in attitude towards psychiatry in the following items: “Among mental health professionals, psychiatrists have the most authority and influence” (p=0.002), “Psychiatrists frequently abuse their legal power to hospitalize patients against their will” (p<0.001), and “Many people who could not obtain a residency position in other specialties eventually enter psychiatry” (p=0.028). However, negative changes in attitude towards psychiatry were shown in the following item: “On average, psychiatrists make as much money as most other doctors” (p=0.008). Also, specific medical school factors scored positively overall. Although it was not statistically significant, the questionnaire item “During my psychiatry rotation, psychiatry residents were good role models” was more positively observed by students after completion of psychiatry lectures and clerkship. ConclusionAfter each curriculum, certain attitudes toward psychiatry were positively changed, but others either remained unchanged or were negatively changed. By using these study results to revise the current curriculum, medical school students’ attitude towards psychiatry can be improved.
Silicate Fertilization Improves Microbial Functional Potential For Stress Tolerance in Arsenic-Enriched Rice Cropping Systems
Authors: Das Suvendu , Kim Gil Won , Lee Jeong Gu , Bhuiyan Mohammad Saiful Islam , Kim Pil Joo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The host plant and its rhizosphere microbiome are similarly exposed to abiotic stresses under arsenic (As)-enriched cropping systems. Since silicon (Si) fertilization is effective in alleviating As-induced stresses in plants, and plant-microbe interactions are tightly coupled, we hypothesized that Si-fertilization would improve soil microbial functional potential to environmental stress tolerance, which was surprisingly not yet studied. With the help of high throughput metagenome, microarray and analyzing plant impacts on soil microbiome and the environment, we tested the hypothesis in two geographically different rice (i.e., Japonica and Indica) grown on As- enriched soils.Results: Silicate fertilization in rice grown on As-enriched soils altered rhizosphere bacterial communities and increased several commensal microorganisms and their genetic potential to tolerate oxidative stress, osmotic stress, oxygen limitation, nitrogen and phosphate limitation, heat and cold shock, and radiation stress. The stress resistant microbial communities shifted with the changes in rhizosphere nutrient flows and cumulative plant impacts on the soil environment.Conclusions: The study highlights a thus-far unexplored behavior of Si-fertilization to improve microbial stress resilience under As-laden cropping systems and open up promising avenue to further study how commonalities in plant-microbe signaling in response to Si-fertilization alleviates As-induced stresses in agro-systems.