bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Brain Stroke Caused by the COVID-19 Seen Under Two Years of Age? A Case Report
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Yousefzadegan Sedigheh , Mahmoudabadi Ramin Zare , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Riahi Aina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Brain ischemic stroke in children especially in infancy is a rare condition. Stroke presents with a variety of symptoms and usually is an underestimated diagnosis in infants. The current pandemic of novel coronavirus disease type 2 (COVID-19), involves different organs in the human body, like the central nervous system. Researchers believe that there is a probable association between this retroviral infection and stroke but there were a few cases of strokes in the pediatrics field with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Case presentation: Herein we introduce a 17-month-old girl with a hemiparesis and focal status epilepticus that was admitted to Firoozabadi hospital. The onset of symptoms was approximately 4 days before the admission with non-bloody, watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and low-grade fever. The brain MRI with DWI sequence confirmed acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Because of her multisystemic involvement, the COVID-19 RT-PCR test was requested and the result was positive. So according to the positive PCR test and negative of other results along with fever and gastrointestinal involvement picture - which is a common form of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients- her neurological symptoms could be explainable with COVID-19 infection. Based on our knowledge, this is the first case of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to SARS CoV-2 infection that was reported under two years of age in the world. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients has different presentations. In a significant number of these patients, the involvement of more than 2 body organs could be seen, known as “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are some reports of stroke due to COVID-19 infection and it's related to hypercoagulability state so far and we introduce one infant case of that. According to this new emerging coronavirus and probability of nervous system involvement with this virus, we recommended checking the COVID-19 RT-PCR test in nasopharynx and cerebrospinal fluid of all children presented with neurological symptoms, even in the post-COVID-19 era.
Four-layer Convnet to Facial Emotion Recognition With Minimal Epochs and the Significance of Data Diversity
Authors: Debnath Tanoy , Reza Md. Mahfuz , Rahman Anichur , Band Shahab S. , Alinejad-Rokny Hamid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Emotion recognition defined as identifying human emotion and is directly related to different fields such as human-computer interfaces, human emotional processing, irrational analysis, medical diagnostics, data-driven animation, human-robot communi- cation and many more. The purpose of this study is to propose a new facial emotional recognition model using convolutional neural network. Our proposed model, “ConvNet”, detects seven specific emotions from image data including anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sadness, and surprise. This research focuses on the model’s training accuracy in a short number of epoch which the authors can develop a real-time schema that can easily fit the model and sense emotions. Furthermore, this work focuses on the mental or emotional stuff of a man or woman using the behavioral aspects. To complete the training of the CNN network model, we use the FER2013 databases, and we test the system’s success by identifying facial expressions in the real-time. ConvNet consists of four layers of convolution together with two fully connected layers. The experimental results show that the ConvNet is able to achieve 96% training accuracy which is much better than current existing models. ConvNet also achieved validation accuracy of 65% to 70% (considering different datasets used for experiments), resulting in a higher classification accuracy compared to other existing models. We also made all the materials publicly accessible for the research community at: https://github.com/Tanoy004/Emotion-recognition-through-CNN.
Diagnostic Value of 18F-PET/CT in Patients with Primary Lymphoma and the Prognostic Value of Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: Zhu Lin , Nie Kai , Chen Yinan , Liu Jing , Xiao Yongxing , Yu Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-PET/CT was assessed in patients with primary lymphoma and the clinical application value of SUVmax was determined.
Results

The diagnostic accuracy of a total of 97 patients with initial 18F-PET/CT scans between January 2015 and February 2020 were assessed, and the SUVmax was compared according to the different pathological subtypes. The relationship between SUVmax and immunophenotype, clinical characteristics, and genetic types were estimated. According to the pathological results, 10 cases were misdiagnosed by PET/CT, and the accuracy was about 90%. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant difference between Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (p = 0.9071). Among NHL, the average SUVmax was statistically different between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) (p = 0.0004), FL and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (p = 0.0078), FL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (p = 0.0117), DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (p = 0.0294). In patients with DLBCL, SUVmax was correlated with the expression level of proliferation index Ki-67 (r = 0.33, p = 0.018), while average SUVmax shows no difference between various immunophenotype expression levels, ages, gender, skeletal invasion situations, clinical grade stages, international prognostic index (IPI) score, and different gene types (germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB).
Conclusions

Although 18F-PET/CT had a marked diagnostic value in patients with primary lymphoma, some misdiagnosis was probable. The SUVmax is valuable in the differential diagnosis of different pathological types of NHL. Simultaneously, the SUVmax of patients with DLBCL correlated with Ki-67 might reflect the tumor invasiveness, thereby revealing a prognostic value.
Substitution Mapping of Two Closely Linked QTLs Controlling Grain Chalkiness and Grain Shape on Rice Chromosome 8
Authors: Yang Weifeng , Xiong Liang , Liang Jiayan , Hao Qingwen , Luan Xin , Tan Quanya , Lin Shiwan , Zhu Haitao , Liu Guifu , Liu Zupei , Bu Suhong , Wang Shaokui , Zhang Guiquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Rice varieties are required to have high yield and good grain quality. Grain chalkiness and grain shape are two important traits of rice grain quality. Low chalkiness slender grains are preferred by most rice consumers. Here, we dissected two closely linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape on rice chromosome 8 by substitution mapping. Results: Two closely linked QTLs controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape were identified using single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs). The two QTLs were then dissected on rice chromosome 8 by secondary substitution mapping. qPGC8.1 was located in an interval of 1382.6 kb and qPGC8.2 was mapped in a 2057.1 kb region. The maximum distance of the two QTLs was 4.37 Mb and the space distance of two QTL intervals was 0.72 Mb. qPGC8.1 controlled grain chalkiness and grain width. qPGC8.2 was responsible for grain chalkiness and for grain length and grain width. The additive effects of qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 on grain chalkiness were not affected by heat stress. Conclusions: Two closely linked QTLs qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 were dissected on rice chromosome 8. They controlled the phenotypes of grain chalkiness and grain shape. The two QTLs were insensitive to high temperature.
Effect of Stachyose on Growth, Non-Specific Immune Response, and Disease Resistance in Oreochromis Niloticus
Authors: elumalai preetham , Lakshmi Sreeja , Balakrishnan Ambili , Arokiaraj Jesu , Baskerlingam Vasaheeran , Ringo Einar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of stachyose on immune responses, gut morphology, growth, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fishes were distributed randomly into fifteen 150 L glass tanks with 20 fish tank− 1 and fed control (0 g/kg), 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 16 g/kg of stachyose. After eight weeks of experimental feeding, skin mucus and serum innate immune parameters (lysozyme, alternative complement, phagocytosis, peroxidase), and growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio) were analysed, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae was also determined. Supplementation of stachyose revealed that serum lysozyme, serum and mucus peroxidase activities, weight gain and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher compared to control fed fish. In contrast, specific growth ratio, phagocytic activity and mucus lysozyme did not show significant (P > 0.05) differences.
Association between thyroid hormones and diabetic complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yanli , Yi Min , Deng Xiaoyi , Li Wangen , Chen Yimei , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are two closely associated disorders. The coexistence of TD could adversely influence metabolic control and even increase the long-term mortality in patients with DM. The objective of the present study was to investigate the thyroid status and the relationship between thyroid hormones, diabetic complications and metabolic parameters in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM (T2DM).
Methods

This is an observational cross-sectional study, conducting on 340 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who were admitted to ward of endocrinology department and 120 matched nondiabetic subjects. Clinical characteristics were collected and laboratory measurements were conducted.
Results

Levels of free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and TSH were significantly lower in patients with T2DM as compared to nondiabetic subjects. The prevalence of TD was 21.2% in patients with diabetes, higher than that of controls (4.2%). The low T3 syndrome was the most frequent TD, shown in 14.7% of patients. The presence of diabetic complications (diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic ketosis), metabolic and demographic factors, including age, glycemic control and insulin resistance were factors associated with levels of thyroid hormones. FT3 level was inversely correlated with the level of urinary total protein (mg/24h) and the presence of DN. Multivariate analysis indicated low FT3 level as a strong independent risk factor (OR = 0.364, P < 0.001) for DN.
Conclusions

TD is not rarely seen in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Diabetic complications and diabetes-related metabolic and demographic factors are related to TD. Decreased FT3 is strongly correlated with the presence of DN.
Landuse and Water Quality Threats to Current and Historical Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Streams Across Multiple Ecoregions
Authors: Neto J.G. Da Silva , Williams Lori A. , Lawson Charles R. , Groves John D. , BYL T. D. , GIBSON C. , Perkins C. , Sutton W. B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) is a large, long-lived, and fully aquatic salamander species endemic to streams and rivers across 15 states in the Midwest and Eastern United States. Hellbender populations have experienced drastic declines due to habitat degradation, accelerated sedimentation, aquatic contaminants, and infectious diseases. Although declining water quality is often suggested as a major contributing factor to hellbender population declines, few studies have evaluated the presence of aquatic contaminants at sites with current and historical C. alleganiensis populations. We used a novel passive sampling technique to assess the presence and concentration of two herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) in the water and analyzed heavy metal (cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) concentrations in stream sediment samples at 30 sites across a watershed development gradient throughout the C. alleganiensis range in Tennessee (TN) and North Carolina (NC). Our results indicated the presence of atrazine in 23% of our sites. All 30 sites contained Cd and Pb, and 26 sites contained Hg. Levels of glyphosate were too low to detect using our methods. Although percent watershed development was not significantly different among ecoregions, Blue Ridge watersheds were overall less developed than watersheds in the Ridge and Valley and Interior Plateau ecoregions. The model with greatest support suggested that percent watershed development and specific conductivity were negatively correlated with hellbender population status. Because this research focused on assessing the prevalence of commonly encountered aquatic contaminants, our results and study design are broadly applicable to C. alleganiensis populations across the species range.
Influence of Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding on Serum and Erythrocyte Zinc Levels in Preterm and Term Infants: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Silva Talita Rodrigues Azevedo e , Vivi Anna Caroline Pereira , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Lebrão Cibele Wolf , Strufaldi Maria Wany Louzada , Sarni Roseli Oselka Saccardo , Suano-Souza Fabiola Isabel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Zinc is an important micronutrient involved in cell division, growth, and immune system function. Most studies evaluating the nutritional status related to zinc and prematurity were conducted with hospitalized preterm infants. These studies show controversial results regarding the prevalence of deficiency, clinical implications, and the effect of zinc supplementation on mortality, infectious diseases, and growth in these groups. This study aimed to compare serum and erythrocyte zinc levels in a group of preterm and term infants during complementary feeding and related the zinc levels to dietary intake, and current nutritional condition in both groups. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 43 preterm infants (24 to 33 weeks) aged 9-24 months (mean: 14.3±6.4 months), compared with 47 term healthy infants. Data collected: socioeconomic status and maternal health during pregnancy, dietary history, anthropometry (weight, height, and head circumference), and current dietary intake. Laboratory tests: blood count, serum and erythrocyte zinc concentrations, and C-reactive protein.Results: Males predominated (24, or 55.8%) in the preterm group; the mean birth weight was 1,245±381.7 grams. Serum zinc levels <65 µg/dL and anemia were observed in four preterm (5.1%) and four term infants (5.3%), respectively. No infant had erythrocyte zinc < 40 µg/gHb. The variables independently associated with serum zinc levels were breastfeeding at the time of evaluation (20.11 µg/dL; 95% CI 9.62 to 30.60; p<0.001) and late (4-7 months) introduction of complementary feeding (6.6 µg/dL; 95% CI 5.3 to 11.4; p<0.001). Breastfeeding was also independently and directly associated with erythrocyte zinc levels (18.8 ug/dL; 95% CI 3.7 to 33.8; p=0.015). Conclusions: No difference was observed in the nutritional status related to zinc between preterm and term infants during complementary feeding. Serum and erythrocyte zinc levels were influenced by breastfeeding and the onset of solid foods.
Differentiation of Vulnerable Carotid Plaques by Analysis of Calcium Content and Spectral Curve Slope using Gemstone Spectral Imaging
Authors: Fan Ze-Xin , Li Xiao-Qing , Yang Ting-Ting , Yuan Shao-Jie , Niu Tian-Tong , Ma Lin , Sun Kai , Wang Li , Liu Guang-Zhi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that vulnerable carotid plaque rupture is an important cause of stroke. However, fewer studies have been conducted to investigate the role of a novel gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) in assessment of vulnerable carotid plaque. In this study, we analyzed GSI data including calcium content of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and spectral curve slope, as well as serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque using the GSI-computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and immunoturbidimetry. The patients with unstable plaques demonstrated a significantly lower calcium content and higher spectral curve slope than the stable plaques group. In addition, the patients with unstable plaque showed an increase in Hs-CRP levels and MCP-1 levels compared with the stable plaque and normal controls (NC) group. The alternation in GSI calcium content and spectral curve slope reflects a close link between calcification and plaque instability, while derangement of Hs-CRP and MCP-1 is involved in the formation or development of vulnerable plaques. Taken together, our results strongly support the feasibility of using these serological and newly discovered imaging parameters as multiple potential biomarkers relevant to plaque vulnerability or stroke progression.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity in the Oxidative Synthesis of Benzoxazoles by Tuning Local Electron Charge Densities in N-doped sp3@sp2 Hybrid Nanodiamond
Authors: Gu Qingqing , Zhou Yanan , Huang Rui , Lin Yangming , Xu Chi , Jiang Qian , Perathoner Siglinda , Centi Gabriele , Liu Yuefeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metal-free nanocarbons among other unique characteristics, offer the possibility of tuning the local electronic structure of the active sites allowing to identify precisely how to enhance the catalytic activity. Hence N-doped sp3@sp2 hybrid nanocarbons are studied here for the catalytic oxidative synthesis of a broad series of drug-related compounds (23 examples), like 2-substituted benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles under mild conditions and they show good catalytic activity and reusability which is comparable to homogeneous /heterogeneous metal-based catalysts. We demonstrate for the first time that the electron-donating capability and intrinsic catalytic activity of pyridinic N and neighboring C atoms can be enhanced by increasing up to c.a. 3 layers of sp2 C over the N-doped sp3@sp2 nanocarbon, which is evidenced by the KPFM measurements and DFT calculations. The mechanistic study suggests that the O2 could be activated to O2•−, which could subsequently react with abstracted H along with the formation of H2O2. This study provides a methodology of applying carbocatalysts for the synthesis of complex drug targets and shed light on the origin of the intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement of the pyridinic N by regulating the sp2 C layers of the catalysts.
Light Guide Layer Thickness Optimization for Enhancement of the Light Extraction Efficiency of Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ye Zhi Ting , Cheng Yuan Heng , Hung Li Wei , Hsu Kung Hsieh , Hu Yu Chang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Challenges related to deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode substrates include material costs and lattice mismatch. Sapphire substrates are commonly used, although their high refractive index can result in the total internal reflection of light whereby some light is absorbed, reducing light extraction efficiency (LEE). In this study, we proposed an optimal thickness value of a sapphire substrate light guide layer through first-order optical design and used the optical simulation software Ansys SPEOS to assess and refine its effect on LEE. AlGaN ultraviolet-C light-emitting diode (UV-C LED) wafers with a substrate thickness of 150–700 μm were used. The simulation proceeded under a UV-C LED center wavelength of 275 nm to determine the optimal thickness of the light guide layer. Finally, the experimental results demonstrated that a light guide layer thickness of 150 μm resulted in a reference output power of 13.53 mW, and an increased thickness of 600 um resulted in output power of 20.58 mW. The LEE can therefore be increased by 1.52 times through light guide layer thickness optimization.
Prognostic Value of Immune-Related lncRNA Pairs In Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gao zhenzhen , Wu Dongjuan , Zheng Wenwen , Zhu taohong , Sun Ting , Yuan Lianhong , Fei Faming , Fu Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The characteristics of immune-related long non-coding ribonucleic acids (ir-lncRNAs), regardless of their specific expression level, have important implications for the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we downloaded original transcript data, obtained the ir-lncRNAs using a coexpression method, and identified the differentially expressed pairs of ir-lncRNAs (DE-ir-lncRNAs) using univariate analysis. The lncRNA pairs were verified using a Lasso regression test. Thereafter, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated; the area under the curve was calculated; the Akaike information criterion (AIC) of the 5-y ROC was determined; the optimal cutoff value of the high- and low-risk populations of patients with bladder cancer was confirmed, and the optimal risk model was established. The clinical value of the model was verified using survival analysis, clinicopathological characteristics, presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and chemotherapy efficacy evaluation. Results: In total, 49 pairs of DE-ir-lncRNAs were identified, and 21 pairs were included in the Cox regression model. In this study, ir-lncRNA pairs were obtained, and a risk regression model was established on the premise of not involving the specific expression value of transcripts. Conclusions: The method and model used in this study have important clinical predictive value for bladder cancer and other malignant tumors.
Natural Selection at an Exceptionally Long GGC Repeat in the Human RASGEF1C and Divergent Genotypes in Late-onset Neurocognitive Disorder
Authors: Jafarian Z , Khamse S , Afshar H , HR Khorram Khorshid , Delbari A , Ohadi M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Across the human protein-coding genes, the neuron-specific gene, RASGEF1C, contains the longest (GGC)-repeat, spanning its core promoter and 5′ untranslated region (RASGEF1C-201 ENST00000361132.9). RASGEF1C expression dysregulation occurs in late-onset neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease. Here we sequenced the GGC-repeat in a sample of human subjects (N = 269), consisting of late-onset NCDs (N = 115) and controls (N = 154). We also studied the status of this STR across vertebrates. The 6-repeat allele of this repeat was the predominant allele in the controls (frequency = 0.85) and NCD patients (frequency = 0.78). The NCD genotype compartment consisted of an excess of genotypes that lacked the 6-repeat (Mid-P exact = 0.004). We also detected divergent genotypes that were present in five NCD patients and not in the controls (Mid-P exact = 0.007). This STR expanded beyond 2-repeats specifically in primates, and was at maximum length in human. We conclude that there is natural selection for the 6-repeat allele of the RASGEF1C (GGC)-repeat in human, and significant divergence from that allele in late-onset NCDs. Indication of natural selection for predominantly abundant STR alleles and divergent genotypes enhance the perspective of evolutionary biology and disease pathogenesis in human complex disorders.