bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral brain injury to pregnant rats induces asymmetric neurological deficits in the offspring
Authors: Carvalho Liliana S. , Brito Helena M. , Lukoyanova Elena A. , Maia Gisela H. , Sarkisyan Daniil , Nosova Olga , Zhang Mengliang , Lukoyanov Nikolay , Bakalkin Georgy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEffects of environmental factors may be transmitted to the following generation, and cause neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the offspring. Enhanced synaptic plasticity induced by environmental enrichment may be also transmitted. We here test the hypothesis that the effects of brain injury in pregnant animals may produce neurological deficits in the offspring. Unilateral brain injury (UBI) by ablation of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in pregnant rats resulted in the development of hindlimb postural asymmetry (HL‐PA), and impairment of balance and coordination in beam walking test in the offspring. The offspring of rats with the left UBI exhibited HL‐PA before and after spinal cord transection with the contralesional (i.e., right) hindlimb flexion. The right UBI caused the offspring to develop HL‐PA that however was cryptic and not‐lateralized; it was evident only after spinalization, and was characterized by similar occurrence of the ipsi‐ and contralesional hindlimb flexion. The HL‐PA persisted after spinalization suggesting that the asymmetry was encoded in lumbar spinal neurocircuits that control hindlimb muscles. Balance and coordination were affected by the right UBI but not the left UBI. Thus, the effects of a unilateral brain lesion in pregnant animals may be intergenerationally transmitted, and this process may depend on the side of brain injury. The results suggest the existence of left‐right side‐specific mechanisms that mediate transmission of the lateralized effects of brain trauma from mother to fetus.
Forecasting fish recruitment in age‐structured population models
Authors: Van Beveren Elisabeth , Benoît Hugues P. , Duplisea Daniel E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecruitment in age‐structured stock assessment models can be forecasted using a variety of algorithms to provide advice on the anticipated consequences of different possible management actions. Selecting one method over another usually involves some subjectivity, yet can be consequential to the provision of advice. Extensive case‐specific testing is not always feasible. We evaluated the forecast skill in 3‐, 5‐ and 10‐year forecasts of 16 recruitment forecasting methods under various circumstances to provide a broad evaluation and general guidelines on the reliability of forecasts. We used 31 operating models based on existing stock assessment models applied to a diversity of stocks with empirical data, which we show to be generally representative of assessed stocks worldwide. Although no single best‐performing method could be identified, we found that time‐series methods were most likely to perform poorly. Both forecast skill across all methods and forecast sensitivity to the selected method were linked to the properties of the stock or assessment: age at maturity and recruitment autocorrelation in 3‐year forecasts and previous long‐term recruitment variability in 10‐year forecasts. In some situations, all forecasting methods resulted in systematic over‐ or underestimation of spawning stock biomass. The simulation approach employed here to assess forecast performance, rooted directly in the predictions of existing stock assessment models, can be a complementary tool to existing simulation approaches which generate alternative sets of population dynamics or observations and we discussed the advantages and limitations.
Body mass index and risk of recurrent falls in community‐dwelling Japanese aged 40–74 years: The Murakami cohort study
Authors: Nakamura Kazutoshi , Kitamura Kaori , Watanabe Yumi , Kabasawa Keiko , Takahashi Akemi , Hinata Aya , Saito Toshiko , Kobayashi Ryosaku , Oshiki Rieko , Takachi Ribeka , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iki Masayuki , Sasaki Ayako , Yamazaki Osamu , Watanabe Kei 
Published: April 2021

AimsA prior meta‐analysis found that obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) was associated with a high fall risk, while being overweight (BMI≥25, <30 kg/m2) was associated with the lowest fall risk. However, whether these associations hold true for East Asians is unknown. This study aimed to assess the association between BMI and incidence of recurrent falls in Japanese aged 40–74 years.MethodsThis 5‐year follow‐up cohort study involved 7538 community‐dwelling individuals who did not experience recurrent falls in the year before the baseline study. Information on demographics, body size, lifestyle, and disease history was obtained using a self‐administered questionnaire. BMI was categorized as <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–20.6 (low‐normal), 20.7–22.7 (mid‐normal, reference), 22.8–24.9 (high‐normal), and ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight). The outcome was recurrent falls reported, and fall history in the previous year was recorded as none, once, or twice or more (recurrent falls).ResultsMean BMI was 23.5 kg/m2 (SD 2.9) for men and 22.7 kg/m2 (SD 3.2) for women. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for recurrent falls in the BMI ≥25 group was significantly higher (1.41, 95%CI: 1.02–1.93) than that in the reference group. The adjusted OR in the BMI ≥25 group was significantly higher than that in the reference group for the age ≥ 60 subgroup (1.62, 95%CI: 1.09–2.40), but not for the age < 60 subgroup (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.60–1.80).ConclusionsBeing overweight may be a risk factor for recurrent falls in community‐dwelling older Japanese. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanism. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 498–505.
Labour is not a commodity: The content and meaning of work in the twenty‐first century
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn his valedictory lecture before the Collège de France, Alain Supiot reviews his work on the transformation of labour in the twenty‐first century, highlighting the role of law and institutions in addressing the consequences of the digital revolution and environmental crisis. In his view, the moral, social and environmental bankruptcy of neoliberalism calls for us to reconsider the legal fiction of labour as a commodity and to re‐establish the truly “humane labour regime” envisaged by the preamble to the ILO Constitution, recognizing both the meaning and content of work. He uses the case of scientific research to illustrate his argument.
Analysing the role of a pedagogical agent in psychological and cognitive preparatory activities
Authors: Arguedas Marta , Daradoumis Thanasis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of studies that examine the role of a pedagogical agent on student development in a specific learning situation that involves psychological and cognitive preparatory activities in high school settings. We examined the effectiveness of pedagogical agent (APT) cognitive and affective feedback on learner motivation and well‐being. We applied an experimental research design, involving 45 fourth‐year high school students, divided in experimental and control groups (APT vs. human tutor). We performed a quantitative analysis to collect and analyse data of students using our APT. APT cognitive feedback had a positive effect on students' motivation for learning by encouraging students' proposals and initiatives and arousing students' interest in the topic. In addition, APT affective feedback fostered an appropriate emotional climate and creative environment for learning by enhancing students' curiosity, creativity and confidence for carrying out the activity, while reducing students' negative emotions such as boredom and anger. This study provided us useful insights about the affective (and cognitive) competencies that a virtual affective pedagogical agent needs to have in order to support students' mental and emotional health throughout a learning situation. Yet, further research is needed to consolidate these findings and make APT more adaptive to different learning situations.
Evidence of feminization in seahorses from a tropical estuary
Authors: Freret‐Meurer Natalie Villar , Vaccani Amanda do Carmo , Cabiró Gabriela dos Santos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntersex has been reported regularly in wild populations of gonochoristic fish. The authors investigated the possible feminization of seahorses in a population of Hippocampus reidi in Brazil, as well as report a case of a brood pouch reduction after reproductive stimuli. The female seahorses of this population showed two kinds of morphological anomalies. The proportion of the animals affected in the study population was consistent and was uncorrelated with the sex ratio. The study indicates the changes in the sexual profile of the individual.
A Model of Endogenous Financial Inclusion: Implications for Inequality and Monetary Policy
Authors: AIT LAHCEN MOHAMMED , GOMIS‐PORQUERAS PEDRO 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a monetary model with endogenous credit market participation to study the impact of financial inclusion on inequality and welfare. We find that consumption inequality results from differences in agents' decision to access financial services. This heterogeneity generates a pecuniary externality, potentially resulting in some agents overconsuming. Moreover, monetary policy has distributional consequences. To quantify these effects, we calibrate our model to India, accounting for a third of observed consumption inequality. Finally, we analyze various policies aimed at increasing financial inclusion and find that a direct transfer to bank account holders yields the highest welfare and lowest consumption inequality.
Tattoo aftercare management with a dermo‐cosmetic product: Improvement in discomfort sensation and skin repair quality
Authors: Fauger Aurélie , Sonck Säde , Kluger Nicolas , Chavagnac‐Bonneville Marlène , Sayag Michèle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA moisturizer application during the healing process after a tattoo session is a common practice to help wound healing and to reduce discomfort sensations. This practice was recently recommended by the standard European guidelines on tattoos, with the use of an adapted ointment to keep the site moist.AimsTo assess the efficacy and the tolerability of a specific dermo‐cosmetic product (Cicabio Pommade, Laboratoire Bioderma, NAOS, France) in tattoo aftercare.Patients/MethodsThirty subjects included in this survey applied the product immediately after the tattoo session for 14 days. The objective symptoms (redness, edema, skin repair quality) were assessed by the tattooist and the subjects. The subjective symptoms, discomfort sensations (pain, itching, burning sensations, tingling), soothing, moisturizing, and undesirable effects were assessed by the tattooed individuals.ResultsAfter 14 days of application, redness was absent for 100% and 96% of subjects according to the tattoo artist and the subjects, respectively, and edema had completely disappeared for both assessors. Most of the subjects rated the skin quality repair and the aesthetic outcomes as very good to excellent. Soothing and moisturizing effects were observed as early as the first day. The effects were maintained over 14 days. Discomfort sensations were judged absent to slight in 96%–100% of cases after 7 days. They were assessed as absent to slight in all cases for pain, itching, and tingling, and in 96% for burning sensations after 14 days. The product was very well tolerated by 87% of the subjects.ConclusionsOur survey demonstrates that this dermo‐cosmetic product is suitable for tattooed skin aftercare as it reduced skin discomfort as soon as the first day and led to a good skin quality repair while being well tolerated.
The FTA Show: Jane Fonda, the GI Movement, and Celebrity Activism in the Late Vietnam War
Authors: King Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores the FTA (or Free the Army) show, a touring antiwar performance led by Hollywood actors Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland in 1971. FTA sought to support antiwar GIs who, by the early 1970s, constituted a GI movement opposed to the Vietnam War. FTA visited military towns in the continental United States, performing for an estimated 15,000 GIs and reflecting antiwar GIs’ increasingly intersectional analysis of war, militarism, racism, and sexism. In November, the troupe traveled to the Asia‐Pacific—the staging ground for the American war effort in Vietnam—to perform for an additional 64,000 US troops in Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, and Okinawa. Pitched as a counter‐USO show, FTA, which took its critique of the war to the doorstep of the US military, not only served as a megaphone for the under‐reported GI movement, but also evolved celebrity activism, taking it to new heights of oppositional politics.
Death Pathways Associated with Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kessel David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis report describes studies involving ER vs. lysosomal targeting and is designed to assess the initiation of different death pathways as a function of subcellular targeting and PDT dose. Photodamage directed at mitochondria or lysosomes initiates apoptosis, a death pathway generally considered to be irreversible. Photodamage that involves the ER can lead to another death pathway termed paraptosis. This does not involve caspase activation, can eradicate cell types with impaired apoptosis; at high levels of irradiation, apoptosis and necrosis were observed. Autophagy has a cytoprotective function unless lysosomes are targeted; loss of lysosomal integrity can interfere with the autophagic recycling processes.
Resentment and retrenchment: Rereading Doniger on comparison and Edward Said
Authors: Geslani Marko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite significant genealogical work in recent decades, curricula in religious studies still struggle to incorporate disciplinary histories of colonialism and Orientalism, especially at the undergraduate level. This reticence seems ironic, given the historic importance of Asian religions to twentieth century frameworks of comparison still regnant today. To assess this postcolonial impasse, I juxtapose Wendy Doniger's theory of comparison in her 1998 work, The Implied Spider, to her obliquely critical comments on Edward Said and postcolonial studies. Doniger's still canonical work illustrates a tendency to post‐Saidian retrenchment, which poses postcolonial thought beyond the bounds of the humanism that undergirds the comparative approach to religious studies. To the extent that such deferrals of postcolonial politics continue to hold sway, they will inhibit our development of antiracist pedagogies in the field.
The Syntax of Hoo‐Resultatives in Taiwanese Southern Min*
Authors: Wang Chyan‐an Arthur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the hoo‐resultative construction in Taiwanese Southern Min from the syntactic perspective. Specifically, it is argued that the morpheme hoo in hoo‐resultatives is responsible for causativizing an otherwise non‐unaccusative secondary predicate in resultative formation. The restriction with respect to the occurrence of object pronouns in the sentence‐final position is argued to result from prosodic considerations that ban two consecutive weak constituents from surfacing on the right edge. It is also suggested that the counterpart of this particular hoo in resultatives of Mandarin Chinese is covert and has no phonetic content. This view offers a systematic way to capture several cross‐linguistic contrasts with respect to resultatives between Taiwanese Southern Min and Mandarin Chinese.
Conversion from cytomegalovirus universal prophylaxis with valganciclovir to the preemptive monitoring approach to manage leukopenia after kidney or pancreas transplantation
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Wong Cynthia , Descourouez Jillian L. , Saddler Christopher M. , Smith Jeannina A. , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeIn clinical practice, conversion from universal cytomegalovirus prophylaxis (CMV PPX) with valganciclovir (VGC) to targeted therapy (preemptive monitoring, PEM) is often pursued in the setting of leukopenia. It is unknown if this is an effective strategy.MethodsAdult patients receiving a kidney and/or pancreas transplant were included if converted from PPX to PEM between 9/1/19 and 3/1/20 due to leukopenia. A positive CMV viral load (VL) was defined as CMV PCR greater than the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) based on local lab testing. A CMV VL of >500 IU/mL was chosen as the preemptive treatment (PET) threshold. Primary objective was to describe the impact of conversion on resolution of leukopenia. Secondary objectives were to assess PEM associated outcomes.ResultsThere were 49 patients converted from PPX to PEM due to leukopenia in the study period; 88% were KTRs and 96% received lymphocyte‐depleting induction; 84% were seropositive at transplant (R+) and 16% were high‐risk (D+/R−). Mean WBC at time of enrollment was 1.4 ± 0.4. After PEM conversion, WBC recovered to >3 in 87.8% of the population in a mean of 26.8 ± 24.5 days. Immunosuppression was modified in 96% of the population and GCSF was required in 46.9% of patients.CMV viremia occurred in 36.7% of the population; 78% were KTRs and 94% were R+. Time from PEM enrollment to PET was 64 ± 34 days. Median VL at first detection was 587 IU/mL, median peak was 1920 IU/mL. Five patients (27.8%) presented with symptoms consistent with CMV syndrome, none had end organ disease. Six patients (33%) presented with a VL <500 IU/mL at first detection, but all subsequently surpassed the threshold and required PET. Mean duration of PET was 25 ± 11 days. Mean change in WBC in response to PET was −0.4 ± 1.3. Immunosuppression required further adjustment in 61% of patients. There were no deaths or graft loss due to CMV at last follow‐up.ConclusionIn kidney and pancreas transplant recipients who undergo PEM conversion due to leukopenia, withholding of VGC can improve leukopenia, but other concomitant measures are necessary. This population should be considered fairly high risk, with a threshold of treatment of first quantifiable replication. Our findings suggest lack of harm from this approach but highlight the importance of close monitoring to prevent symptomatic replication. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are needed to better evaluate the impact of PEM conversion on late‐onset CMV and patient and graft outcomes.
High‐quality chromosome‐level genomes of Cucumis metuliferus and Cucumis melo provide insight into Cucumis genome evolution
Authors: Ling Jian , Xie Xiaoxiao , Gu Xingfang , Zhao Jianlong , Ping Xingxing , Li Yan , Yang Yuhong , Mao Zhenchuan , Xie Bingyan 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCucumis metuliferus (African horned cucumber), a wild relative of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Cucumis melo (melon), displays high‐level resistance to several important plant pathogens (e.g., root‐knot nematodes and several viruses). Here, we report a chromosome‐level genome assembly for C. metuliferus, with a 316 Mb genome sequence comprising 29 039 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of related species in family Cucurbitaceae indicated that the divergence time between C. metuliferus and melon was 17.8 million years ago. Comparisons between the C. metuliferus and melon genomes revealed large structural variations (inversions and translocations >1 Mb) in eight chromosomes of these two species. Gene family comparison showed that C. metuliferus has the largest number of resistance‐related nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) genes in Cucurbitaceae. The loss of NBS‐LRR loci caused by large insertions or deletions (indels) and pseudogenization caused by small indels explained the loss of NBS‐LRR genes in Cucurbitaceae. Population structure analysis suggested that C. metuliferus originated in Zimbabwe, then spread to other southern African regions where it likely underwent similar domestic selection as melon. This C. metuliferus reference sequence will accelerate the understanding of the molecular evolution of resistance‐related genes and enhance cucurbit crop improvement efforts.
To map or not to map the cN0 neck: Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in canine head and neck tumours
Authors: Chiti Lavinia E. , Stefanello Damiano , Manfredi Martina , Zani Davide D. , De Zani Donatella , Boracchi Patrizia , Giudice Chiara , Grieco Valeria , Di Giancamillo Mauro , Ferrari Roberta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTumour stage is a prognostic indicator for canine malignant head and neck tumours (MHNT). However, consensus is lacking on nodal staging in the absence of clinically apparent nodal disease (cN0 neck). This prospective observational study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of radiopharmaceutical and blue dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), to assess the correspondence between sentinel lymph node (SLN) and clinically expected regional lymph node (RLN) and the impact on staging of the procedure in dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck. Twenty‐three dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck underwent tumour excision and SLNB guided by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma‐probe and blue dye. Diagnostic performances and detection rate were calculated. Correspondence between SLN and RLN, number of nodes excised, histopathological status of the SLN and complications related to the procedure were recorded. The mapping technique identified at least one SLN in 19/23 dogs, with a detection rate of 83%. The SLN did not correspond to the RLN in 52% of dogs. Multiple nodes were removed in 61% of dogs. At histopathology, eight (42%) dogs had SLN+, of which four differed from the RLN. Only minor self‐limiting complications occurred in five (22%) dogs. Radiopharmaceutical and blue dye guidance is accurate (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 100%) for SLNB in dogs with MHNT and cN0 and allowed the extirpation of unpredictable and/or multiple SLN with minimal morbidity. Incorporation of SLNB in the management of MHNT is desirable to correctly stage the cN0 neck, owing the unpredictability of the lymphatic drainage.
Resonance Attenuation in Fluid Transmission Through Channels Without the Use of Accumulator Systems
Authors: Nair Prashant Unnikrishnan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Accumulators are often effective in reducing noise from hydraulic systems due to their pressure spike dampening effect. Their use is feasible in most cases where replacements are easy. However, in certain conditions, like harsh environments or certain operations, such as subsea fishing, accumulator replacements are challenging. In-line dampeners provide a straightforward solution but have never been designed to cater for resonance dampening as such. Commercially developed in-line dampeners also have nitrogen-filled bladders or act like and behave as accumulators, posing the same risk of rupture and replacement. A simple device has been developed that eliminates the need for a bladder/bladderless accumulator for the moderate-pressure, high-rate flow of a non-Newtonian fluid for reduced resonance. Test results show minimal backpressure from the use of the device. This brief only addresses the resonance factor and not the usual pressure spike that hydraulic lines suffer from where accumulators work best. Proprietary material and innovation used in the design of the dampener are not discussed here. Sound attenuation for various input levels is compared between the device made and a traditional accumulator. Test results were used to complete the in-line bladderless nitrogen-free resonance attenuation device, which performs better than having an accumulator in the system.