bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term nutritional deficiencies following sleeve gastrectomy: a 6-year single-center retrospective study
Authors: Mulita Francesk , Lampropoulos Charalampos , Kehagias Dimitrios , Tsochatzis Stylianos , Tasios Konstantinos , Seretis Fotios , Drakos Nikolas , Kehagias Ioannis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is associated with short-term nutritional deficiencies postoperatively. This study evaluates the long-term percent excess weight loss (%EWL), and nutritional deficiencies in a single-center cohort undergoing SG as a primary procedure, with a 6-year follow-up. From January 2005 to December 2010, records of 209 patients who underwent laparoscopic SG were retrieved from a computer database for analysis. 60 out of 209 completed follow-ups of 6 years. Median %EWL at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year postoperatively was 80.9%, 79.1%, 73.8%, 71.8%, 71.5%, and 64.9%, respectively. Prior to surgery, 17.2% had anemia. Deficiencies of iron, ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12, magnesium, and phosphorus were 22%, 5.3%, 1.4%, 3.8%, 29.7%, 5.3%, respectively. Six years post-surgery, deficiencies of hemoglobin, ferritin, and B12 worsened (36.7%, 43.3%, and 11.7%, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.019, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in deficiencies of iron, folic acid, magnesium, and phosphorus (25%, 1.7%, 20%, and 3%, p = 0.625, p = 0.896, p = 0.139, p = 0.539, respectively). There was elevated PTH before and six years post-surgery (2.9% and 1.7%, p = 0.606). This retrospective study shows that LSG had a considerable effect on specific nutritional deficiencies in our patients at six-year post-surgery.
Learning styles and the myths surrounding it: a systematic scoping review of the literature.
Authors: de Mendonça Lucas , Vieira Regis Rodrigues , Duailibi Michel Silvio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Learning style (LS) is the theoretical assumption that each individual has a better form for cognitive processing throughout learning. In medical education, LS has been studied as a tool to optimize medical learning. Teaching in the postgraduate medical environment embraces specific methodological aspects for mastering medical abilities and LS inventories have been widely used for enhance learning. However, no review has been done on this subject until this date. Therefore, a scoping review was performed to explore the extent of evidence on LS and postgraduate medical education. Methods: a systematic scoping review was performed according to PRISMA - ScR and JBI guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, ERIC, LILACS and SCIELO virtual library on February 2020. A peer review was performed with blinding of both investigators and any divergence was resolved by consensus. Searching strategy, search terms, exclusion and inclusion criteria and data charting were structured prior to the beginning of the study. Data was summarized and collated. Analysis of the quality of the evidence was also performed using specific tools.Results: 211 studies were obtained with the search engine after duplicates were removed. Of these, 40 were selected after applying exclusion and inclusion criteria. Two other studies were excluded post initial screening. The majority of studies were from United States. General surgery, internal medicine and family medicine were the specialties that had most studies on LS. Kolb LSI was the most used LS inventory. The majority of studies were observational with a cross sectional design (34 out of 38). Only four studies were RCTs with a low quality of evidence and a high risk of bias. It was also seen that LS may change through training, with work-hours and areas of specialty training.Conclusion: There is a lack of high quality studies to provide reliable evidence for the utilization of LS in postgraduate medical education and it is desirable for more Cohort or Randomized Control Trials in this area for a more robust evidence.
Exposure to carbon nanotubes may induce cytotoxicity and increase protein expression of Bax in mouse skin fibroblasts
Authors: Nazeri Zahra , Jamalan Mostafa , Azizidoost Shirin , Cheraghzadeh Maryam , Kheirollah Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Simultaneous determination of 5 diuretic drugs using an HPLC method by quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker
Authors: Chen Fuchao , Fang Baoxia , Li Peng , Wang Sicen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Loop diuretics are commonly used in clinical practice to manage high fluid loads and to control fluid balance. In this paper, a novel quantitative analysis method for multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 5 diuretic drugs furosemide, torasemide, azosemide, etacrynic acid, and bumetanide, by HPLC. Qualitative analysis was performed using relative retention time and ultraviolet (UV) spectral similarity as the double indicator. The QAMS method was conducted with etacrynic acid as an internal reference substance. The quantities of the other four diuretics were calculated by using the relative correction factors for etacrynic acid. The quantities of the 5 diuretic drugs were also determined by the external standard method (ESM). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shimadzu HC-C18 column (150 mm× 4.6 mm, 5µm) using 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH adjusted to 4.0 with phosphoric acid) with acetonitrile (64:36, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a column temperature of 30 ℃. Results: Under these conditions, the 5 diuretic drugs were well separated, showing linear relationships within certain ranges. The quantitative results showed that there was no significant difference between the QAMS and ESM methods. Conclusions: Overall, the HPLC-QAMS analytical scheme established in this study is a simple, efficient, economical, and accurate method for the quantitative evaluation of 5 diuretic drugs.
Dietary and exercise interventions for perimenopausal women Health status impact study
Authors: Hao Shuping , Tan Sisi , Li Jing , Li Weimin , Li Jingyun , Cai Xiaochen , hong zhongxin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: At present, there are few studies on individualized dietary guidance and exercise intervention for perimenopausal women. The purpose of this article is to explore the effects of centralized health education, health education + individualized diet guidance, and health education + individualized diet guidance + intensive resistance exercise on the physical measurements of perimenopausal women. Design: 78 perimenopausal women divided into three groups: Group A, Group B and Group C. Participants: Group A received routine gynecological diagnosis and treatment and participated in centralized lifestyle health education. Group B required to participate in all intensive education content, professional dietitians to give individualized dietary guidance. Group C received intensive education, individualized diet intervention, and intensified resistance exercise. Main Measures: Dietary scores, exercise habits, waist circumference, body mass index, fat and muscle mass were observed after 3 months. Results: After intervention, the total diet score of group C was higher than that of group A and B, and the red meat score was significantly reduced. The number of patients in group B and group C who exercised >3 times per week and the number of resistance exercises per week were significantly increased, while the number of aerobic exercises per week in group C was significantly increased. Comparison of the changes of body measurement indexes after the three different interventions showed that body fat and waist circumference were significantly reduced, and skeletal muscle weight was significantly increased; body mass index, trunk fat ratio and waist to hip ratio were significantly decreased in group B and C, while trunk muscle was significantly increased in group C. Conclusion: The combined intervention of the three methods can give full play to the synergistic effect of various interventions, and the improvement effect of increasing the appropriate amount of resistance exercise is more obvious, which is worthy of further promotion and application. Retrospectively registered: researchregistry6331, date of registration : December 4, 2020.
Which kind of classification is more suitable for Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome
Authors: Wei Heng , Li Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome (HWWs) in two classification methods.Methods: 87 HWWs patients syndrome admitted to the Shengjing hospital of China Medical University between April 2003 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Type II of average age at time of diagnosis (25.11±8.96) was significantly longer than the other two types(13.06±2.55; 13.06±2.55). The menarche and the interval between menarche and time of diagnosis was significant difference between types I and II. The average age at time of diagnosis, the menarche and the interval between menarche and time of diagnosis was significant difference between classification I and II. Cystic mass in vaginal wall was a significant difference between type I and II. Endometriosis of type I and II was a more common than type III. Sex life was a significant difference between type I and II. Mediastinum of uterus of type II was a more common than type I and III. The time of diagnosis, menarche, interval between menarche and time of diagnosis, cystic mass in vaginal wall, abnormal vaginal discharge, sex life, changes of urination and defecation and mediastinum of uterus were significant difference between classification 1 and classification 2. The site of olique septum vaginalis was significant difference in two classification methods. The absence of kidney in HWWs type was significant difference in two classification methods. Conclusion: Type I HWWs should be suspected in cases involving adolescent girls presenting with cyclical pelvic pain, change of urination and defecation. Two classification can be easy to treat in clinical work.
Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Services During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Findings From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Akaba Godwin Otuodichinma , Dirisu Osasuyi , Okunade Kehinde S , Adams Eseoghene , Ohioghame Jane , Obikeze Obioma O , Izuka Emmanuel , Sulieman Maryam , Edeh Emmanuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding how COVID-19 has shaped access to maternal. newborn and child health (MNCH) services in Nigeria and the contextual factors attributable to these changes is crucial towards development of policies and interventions that will assist the country in maintaining focus towards sustaining the little gains it has made over the past few years towards improving MNCH despite the COVID -19 pandemic.The objective of the study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of access to MNCH services during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted among different stakeholder groups in 18 public health facilities in Nigeria between May and July,2020. In-depth interviews were conducted among 54 study participants (service users, service providers and policymakers,) selected from across the three tiers of public health service delivery system in Nigeria (primary health centers, secondary health centers and tertiary health centers). Coding of the qualitative data and identification of themes from the transcripts were carried out and thematic approach was used for data analyses.ResultsBarriers to accessing MNCH services during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria include fear of contracting COVID-19 infection at health facilities, transportation difficulties, movement restriction, stigmatization of sick persons, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) /medical commodities, long waiting times at hospitals, shortage of manpower, lack of preparedness by health workers, and prioritization of essential services. Enablers to access include the COVID-19 non-pharmacological measures instituted at the health facilities, community sensitization on healthcare access during the pandemic, and alternative strategies for administering immunization service at the clinics.Conclusion Access to MNCH services was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic particularly due to challenges resulting from restrictions in movements and the health systems inability to provide enabling conditions for sustained utilization of MNCH services. There is need for national health managers and policy makers to institute measures that will allow unhindered access to MNCH services during future pandemics. This may include provision of socio-economic safety nets for women, provision of PPEs, use of e-health platforms for consultations, and incentives for health workers.
Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of fungemia: a 10-year data analysis in general hospitals
Authors: LIU Yunxi , Bai Yanling , Zheng Zhigang , Liu Ting , Yan Zhongqiang , Du Mingmei , Yao Hongwu , Suo Jijiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: with the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, broad-spectrum antibiotics and biological agents, the incidence rate of fungemia has been increasing, and the drug resistance has been widely concerned. However, the epidemic trend and drug resistance analysis of fungal bloodstream infection are lack of large sample data. This study intends to analyze the data of fungal bloodstream infection in a large tertiary hospital in the past 10 years, in order to understand its epidemic characteristics and drug resistance, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of fungal bloodstream infection. Methods: the "hospital infection real-time monitoring system" was used to retrieve the case information of all patients who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours from 2010 to 2019. The diagnosis of all bloodstream fungal infection was confirmed by the full-time staff and clinicians according to the diagnostic standards and the patient's infection situation. The questionnaire was designed to check the cases one by one, and the basic information, infection situation, drug resistance and other related information of patients were registered Software analysis. Results: 680 cases of fungi were detected in 233189 blood samples, the detection rate was 0.29%. 615 bloodstream infections occurred in 598 patients, including 207 catheter-related bloodstream infections. Non Candida albicans was the main fungus, accounting for 63.24%. The drug resistance of non Candida albicans (to itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B) was higher than that of Candida albicans, among which Candida glabrata had the highest resistance rate, and no amphotericin B resistance was found. Data analysis showed that the patients with more serious basic diseases, combined with infection of other sites, surgery, long hospital stay, complicated medication, and invasive catheterization were more likely to occur fungemia Conclusion: The detection rate of fungal bloodstream infection has no obvious upward trend in the past 10 years. Non Candida albicans is the main detected bacteria. We should pay attention to the drug resistance of non Candida albicans. In clinic, we should attach great importance to the patients with hospital acquired fungal bloodstream infection with high risk factors, detect the occurrence trend, species distribution and drug resistance, and reasonably choose antifungal drugs, so as to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.
Identification of the active substance and mechanisms of CFF-1 for treatment of prostate cancer based on network pharmacology, virtual screening, and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: dai zao , Liu Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

CFF-1 is an effective treatment option for prostate cancer patients, but there is a lack of network pharmacology research on its molecular mechanism.
Methods

Based on bioavailability and drug-likeness, the main active ingredients of CFF-1 were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. The GeneCard, OMIM, PharmGKB, Therapeutic Targets database, and DrugBank were used to construct prostate cancer target gene sets. Construct an ingredients-target network and a protein-protein interaction network respectively, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. After merging the two networks, important target genes were obtained in the merged network, and virtual screening of CFF-1 active ingredients was performed on these important target genes. Then the dynamic process of the binding of two small drug molecules to the target protein was simulated by molecular dynamics.
Results

112 active ingredients of CFF-1 and 206 prostate cancer target genes were identified. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target genes regulated by CFF-1 were involved in prostate cancer-related signaling pathways. Two important target genes were obtained in the merge network, as well as the small molecules with the best binding among the active ingredients of CFF-1 were obtained through a virtual screening tool developed by us. Finally, simulate the dynamic process of two small molecules binding to the target protein.
Conclusion

In conclusion, this study predicted the potential molecular mechanism of CFF-1 in the treatment of prostate cancer through network pharmacology and found important target genes and their active ingredients in CFF-1. This provided a direction for future research on CFF-1 and promoted the reasonable application of CFF-1 in the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.
The Burden of Orthopaedic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Tanzania
Authors: Hardaker William Mack , Jusabani Mubashir , Massawe Honest , Pallangyo Anthony , Temu Rogers , Masenga Gileard , Fessehaie Nathaniel , Numfor Anchi , Winterton Matthew , Premkumar Ajay , Sheth Neil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background As road traffic crashes (RTCs) continue to rise in the developing world, the current growth rate and true burden of orthopaedic injuries are unknown. In 2015, we characterized the orthopaedic burden at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Tanzania. In this study, we re-evaluated the burden and growth-rate over three years in the absence of any system level changes. Additionally, we calculated the percentage of orthopaedic patients that received definitive fixation for their orthopaedic injury when surgery was indicated.Methods We prospectively collected data for 190 patients admitted to the orthopaedic ward at KCMC during June/July 2018. We also retrospectively reviewed available records for patients presenting to the KCMC emergency department, orthopaedic outpatient clinic and orthopaedic ward.Results Prospective data: RTC (48.6%) was the most common etiology and femur fractures (31.0%) the most common type of injury. Almost 96% of admitted patients were indicated for surgical fixation, but only 44.5% received definitive fracture treatment. Retrospective data: KCMC treated an average of 15,117 orthopaedic patients per year, representing a 35.3% growth in the orthopaedic burden compared to 2015.Conclusion The burden of orthopaedic surgical disease at KCMC continues to grow. Throughout the developing world, multiple system level constraints preclude delivery of definitive treatment for most patients. Without innovative strategies to address this situation, the discrepancy between the need for orthopaedic care and surgical care capacity in the developing world will continue to grow.
Modeling of the transmission dynamics of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals and design of control strategies
Authors: Changruenngam Suttikiat , Modchang Charin , Bicout Dominique J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as a major threat to global public health. Epidemiological and infection controls associated with CRKP are very challenging owing to several potential elements involved in a complicated cycle of transmission. Here, we proposed a comprehensive mathematical model to investigate the transmission dynamics of CRKP, determine factors affecting the prevalence, and evaluate the impact of interventions on the transmission. The model includes the essential compartments, which are uncolonized, asymptomatic colonized, symptomatic colonized, and relapsed patients. Moreover, the symptomatic colonized and relapsed patients are further classified into subpopulations according to their number of treatment failures or relapses. We found that the admission of colonized patients and the use of antibiotics have a significant influence on the endemic transmission. The proposed treatment efficacy, which is defined as a combination of the treatment duration and the probability of successful treatment, could also describe the effects of antibiotic treatment on the transmission. A high efficacy of the antibiotic treatment could significantly reduce the likelihood of readmission of a patient in the health care unit. In addition, our findings demonstrate that the CRKP transmission with different epidemiological characteristics needs to be controlled with distinct interventions.
Electron Matter-Waves as Electromagnetically Induced Crystal Oscillator Effects
Authors: Hazani Joseph A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The famed Davisson-Germer Experiments demonstrated the wave phenomenon of electrons similarly to X-Ray scattering from Sir Lawrence Bragg’s X-ray experimentations on crystals c. 1913. Their empirical deduction of electrons behaving as waves (i.e. oscillatory) ignores the possibility of an electron beam behaving harmonically upon elastic collision with a diffraction grating - represented by nickel crystal - in their experiment. However, it is well established in the electrical engineering science that crystals possess piezoelectric effects and are used ubiquitously in electronic circuit designs for causing stable harmonic oscillation responses to direct current voltages. In light of this, the current mathematical model proposes the Davisson-Germer results to be the effect of a nickel crystal oscillator circuit which amplifies a direct voltage source – the electron beam – causing the phenomenon of inductance from the resultant electrical feedback with the crystal atom’s electromagnetic field.