bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Contact Structure and Mixing on Control Measures and Disease-Induced Herd Immunity in Epidemic Models: A Mean-Field Model Perspective
Authors: Di Lauro Francesco , Berthouze Luc , Dorey Matthew D. , Miller Joel C. , Kiss István Z. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe contact structure of a population plays an important role in transmission of infection. Many ‘structured models’ capture aspects of the contact pattern through an underlying network or a mixing matrix. An important observation in unstructured models of a disease that confers immunity is that once a fraction $$1-1/{\mathcal {R}}_0$$

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has been infected, the residual susceptible population can no longer sustain an epidemic. A recent observation of some structured models is that this threshold can be crossed with a smaller fraction of infected individuals, because the disease acts like a targeted vaccine, preferentially immunising higher-risk individuals who play a greater role in transmission. Therefore, a limited ‘first wave’ may leave behind a residual population that cannot support a second wave once interventions are lifted. In this paper, we set out to investigate this more systematically. While networks offer a flexible framework to model contact patterns explicitly, they suffer from several shortcomings: (i) high-fidelity network models require a large amount of data which can be difficult to harvest, and (ii) very few, if any, theoretical contact network models offer the flexibility to tune different contact network properties within the same framework. Therefore, we opt to systematically analyse a number of well-known mean-field models. These are computationally efficient and provide good flexibility in varying contact network properties such as heterogeneity in the number contacts, clustering and household structure or differentiating between local and global contacts. In particular, we consider the question of herd immunity under several scenarios. When modelling interventions as changes in transmission rates, we confirm that in networks with significant degree heterogeneity, the first wave of the epidemic confers herd immunity with significantly fewer infections than equivalent models with less or no degree heterogeneity. However, if modelling the intervention as a change in the contact network, then this effect may become much more subtle. Indeed, modifying the structure disproportionately can shield highly connected nodes from becoming infected during the first wave and therefore make the second wave more substantial. We strengthen this finding by using an age-structured compartmental model parameterised with real data and comparing lockdown periods implemented either as a global scaling of the mixing matrix or age-specific structural changes. Overall, we find that results regarding (disease-induced) herd immunity levels are strongly dependent on the model, the duration of the lockdown and how the lockdown is implemented in the model.
An optical-flow-based monitoring method for measuring translational motion in infrared-thermographic images of AFP processes
Authors: Denkena Berend , Schmidt Carsten , Timmermann Marc , Friedel Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for a precise localization of the automated-fiber-placement head, without the need for a data access to the machine control. It is based on a sub-pixel accurate optical-flow-algorithm which determines information about the heads movement by means of the material flow in sequences of IR images. Using local curvatures in the temperature field of the IR images, feature matrices are created which can locally be compared to the features of successive images. Thus, the translation between images become visible. This enables the possibility to perform an accurate ($$16.8\,\upmu{\mathrm{m}}$$

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) and self-sufficient process monitoring that additionally is capable of capturing the motion and position information of the AFP system and can be linked to existing algorithms for defect detection and classification.
The Use of Behavioral Modalities for Headache During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Authors: Riggins Nina , Ehrlich Annika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Migraine is primary headache which commonly affects women of childbearing age. Migraine and other primary headache disorders are also common during pregnancy. Understanding which treatments are effective and can be safely given to patients with primary headache during pregnancy and lactation is essential in supporting these patients before, during, and after childbirth. Behavioral modalities have the potential to improve the health of both mother and baby, while empowering patients to make informed decisions in family planning and creating future treatment plans.

Recent Findings
Research shows that behavioral therapies can be powerful tools to treat pain conditions with minimal side effects. Recent literature prioritizes behavioral therapies in preparation for pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during lactation due to the superior safety profile of such therapies. Digital resources for behavioral therapy are another well-received recent direction supported by growing evidence of both efficacy and safety. Popular with patients and headache specialists, digital behavioral therapy has taken various forms during the pandemic, such as telemedicine, online psychology support groups, and smartphone applications that patients can interact with on their own time.

Summary
In summary, the purpose of this review is to equip providers with important information and updates on the use of behavioral modalities for the treatment of primary headache during pregnancy and lactation.
Small farms and development in sub-Saharan Africa: Farming for food, for income or for lack of better options?
Authors: Giller Ken E. , Delaune Thomas , Silva João Vasco , van Wijk Mark , Hammond James , Descheemaeker Katrien , van de Ven Gerrie , Schut Antonius G. T. , Taulya Godfrey , Chikowo Regis , Andersson Jens A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost food in sub-Saharan Africa is produced on small farms. Using large datasets from household surveys conducted across many countries, we find that the majority of farms are less than 1 ha, much smaller than previous estimates. Farms are larger in farming systems in drier climates. Through a detailed analysis of food self-sufficiency, food and nutrition security, and income among households from divergent farming systems in Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, we reveal marked contrasts in food security and household incomes. In the south of Mali, where cotton is an important cash crop, almost all households are food secure, and almost half earn a living income. Yet, in a similar agroecological environment in northern Ghana, only 10% of households are food secure and none earn a living income. Surprisingly, the extent of food insecurity and poverty is almost as great in densely-populated locations in the Ethiopian and Tanzanian highlands that are characterised by much better soils and two cropping seasons a year. Where populations are less dense, such as in South-west Uganda, a larger proportion of the households are food self-sufficient and poverty is less prevalent. In densely-populated Central Malawi, a combination of a single cropping season a year and small farms results in a strong incidence of food insecurity and poverty. These examples reveal a strong interplay between population density, farm size, market access, and agroecological potential on food security and household incomes. Within each location, farm size is a major determinant of food self-sufficiency and a household’s ability to rise above the living income threshold. Closing yield gaps strongly increases the proportion of households that are food self-sufficient. Yet in four of the locations (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Ghana and Malawi), land is so constraining that only 42–53% of households achieve food self-sufficiency, and even when yield gaps are closed only a small proportion of households can achieve a living income. While farming remains of central importance to household food security and income, our results help to explain why off-farm employment is a must for many. We discuss these results in relation to sub-Saharan Africa’s increasing population, likely agricultural expansion, and agriculture’s role in future economic development.
Towards food systems transformation—five paradigm shifts for healthy, inclusive and sustainable food systems
Authors: Ruben Ruerd , Cavatassi Romina , Lipper Leslie , Smaling Eric , Winters Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFood systems must serve different societal, public health and individual nutrition, and environmental objectives and therefore face numerous challenges. Considering the integrated performances of food systems, this paper highlights five fundamental paradigm shifts that are required to overcome trade-offs and build synergies between health and nutrition, inclusive livelihoods, environmental sustainability and food system resilience. We focus on the challenges to raise policy ambitions, to harmonize production and consumption goals, to improve connectivity between them, to strengthen food system performance and to anchor the governance of food systems in inclusive policies and participatory institutions. Taken together, these shifts in paradigms shape a new discourse for food system transformation that will be capable to respond to current and future policy challenges.
Kontaktlos „Helfen lernen“?
Authors: Rohleder Jonas , Vogt Tobias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Initiierung von Lernprozessen wird die Notwendigkeit aktiven Handelns zugeschrieben – eine Herausforderung in der Pandemiesituation, der auch in der anwendungsorientierten Turnausbildung angehender Sportlehrkräfte durch die Entwicklung angepasster Lehr-Lernkonzepte begegnet werden muss. Zuflucht wird – auch hier – gesucht in der Digitalisierung der universitären Lehre. Ob und, wenn ja, in welchem Maße dieser Herausforderung adäquat begegnet werden kann, diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag am konkreten Beispiel eines mediendidaktischen Lehr-Lernkonzepts zum Gegenstandsbereich Helfen und Sichern im fertigkeitsorientierten Turnen. Über eine Lehr-Lernplattform werden Sportstudierende auf Basis instruktionaler Erklärvideos an die Grifftechnik herangeführt und durch Aufforderung zur Erprobung am Modell zum motorischen Erwerb der Grifftechnik angeleitet. Mittels Videodokumentation der handwerklichen Durchführung erfolgt die Kontrolle des individuellen Lernerfolgs. Ein solches mediendidaktisches Lehr-Lernkonzept fördert die Theorie- und Wissensvermittlung, jedoch nur unzureichend die Einbindung dieses Wissens in erforderliche Handlungs- und Reflexionsprozesse als wesentliche Bausteine professioneller Lehre. Räumliche, dynamische und kinästhetische Bedingungen der Hilfegebung werden ebenso wenig erfahren wie das pädagogische Potenzial der gemeinsamen Interaktion bei der gegenseitigen Hilfeleistung. Als Szenario ohne Präsenzlehre vermag das mediendidaktische Konzept pandemiebedingte Einbußen wohl zu begrenzen, aber nie zu kompensieren.
Production optimization of a network of multiple wells with each well using a combination of Electrical Submersible Pump and Gas lift
Authors: Pham Son Tung , Tran Dinh Hau 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArtificial lift methods such as ESP and GL are commonly used in oil wells around the world, especially in offshore wells. However, these two methods are normally used separately, and this paper therefore aimed to study the possible combination of ESP and GL by analyzing its effects on energy saving using equivalent depth method and on production rate as well as on ESP life cycle using nodal analysis. The paper also performed the production optimization for a network of wells using each well a combination of GL and ESP. The optimization process consists of selecting the appropriate operation frequency for the ESP system and the injection gas lift distributed to each well with the aim of maximizing the total production of the network. In addition, this optimization process was conducted in two cases: unlimited and limited volume of injection gas lift. In case the GL flow is limited, the BST (Binary Search Tree) algorithm was used to determine the suitable gas rates injected into each well to maximize the total network production. The optimization workflow proposed in this study was applied to the field X in Cuu Long basin of Vietnam and was calibrated from the real data of this field. The results demonstrated the advantage of the combination of ESP and GL in energy saving and in application for small diameter wells. In addition, the workflow and source code will allow engineers to replicate the results and to apply this method for future studies in order to determine optimum operating parameters of this hybrid artificial lift to achieve the highest production rate from a network of multiple wells.
X-Mark: a benchmark for node-attributed community discovery algorithms
Authors: Citraro Salvatore , Rossetti Giulio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrouping well-connected nodes that also result in label-homogeneous clusters is a task often known as attribute-aware community discovery. While approaching node-enriched graph clustering methods, rigorous tools need to be developed for evaluating the quality of the resulting partitions. In this work, we present X-Mark, a model that generates synthetic node-attributed graphs with planted communities. Its novelty consists in forming communities and node labels contextually while handling categorical or continuous attributive information. Moreover, we propose a comparison between attribute-aware algorithms, testing them against our benchmark. Accordingly to different classification schema from recent state-of-the-art surveys, our results suggest that X-Mark can shed light on the differences between several families of algorithms.
Does a lack of vaccine side effects correlate with reduced BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response among healthcare workers and nursing home residents?
Authors: Oyebanji Oladayo A. , Wilson Brigid , Keresztesy Debbie , Carias Lenore , Wilk Dennis , Payne Michael , Aung Htin , Denis Kerri St. , Lam Evan C. , Rowley Christopher F. , Berry Sarah D. , Cameron Cheryl M. , Cameron Mark J. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Balazs Alejandro B. , King Christopher L. , Canaday David H. , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination has mitigated the burden of COVID-19 among residents of long-term care facilities considerably, despite being excluded from the vaccine trials. Data on reactogenicity (vaccine side effects) in this population are limited.

Aims
To assess reactogenicity among nursing home (NH) residents. To provide a plausible proxy for predicting vaccine response among this population.

Methods
We enrolled and sampled NH residents and community-dwelling healthcare workers who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, to assess local or systemic reactogenicity and antibody levels (immunogenicity).

Results
NH residents reported reactions at a much lower frequency and lesser severity than the community-dwelling healthcare workers. These reactions were mild and transient with all subjects experiencing more local than systemic reactions. Based on our reactogenicity and immunogenicity data, we developed a linear regression model predicting log-transformed anti-spike, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), and neutralizing titers, with a dichotomous variable indicating the presence or absence of reported reactions which revealed a statistically significant effect, with estimated shifts in log-transformed titers ranging from 0.32 to 0.37 (all p < 0.01) indicating greater immunogenicity in subjects with one or more reported reactions of varying severity.

Discussion
With a significantly lower incidence of post-vaccination reactions among NH residents as reported in this study, the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine appears to be well-tolerated among this vulnerable population. If validated in larger populations, absence of reactogenicity could help guide clinicians in prioritizing vaccine boosters.

Conclusions
Reactogenicity is significantly mild among nursing home residents and overall, subjects who reported post-vaccination reactions developed higher antibody titers.
Bilateral teleoperation with object-adaptive mapping
Authors: Gao Xiao , Silvério João , Calinon Sylvain , Li Miao , Xiao Xiaohui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTask space mapping approaches for bilateral teleoperation, namely object-centered ones, have yielded the most promising results. In this paper, we propose an invertible mapping approach to realize teleoperation through online motion mapping by taking into account the locations of objects or tools in manipulation skills. It is applied to bilateral teleoperation, with the goal of handling different object/tool/landmark locations in the user and robot workspaces while the remote objects are moving online. The proposed approach can generate trajectories in an online manner to adapt to moving objects, where impedance controllers allow the user to exploit the haptic feedback to teleoperate the robot. Teleoperation experiments of pick-and-place tasks and valve turning tasks are carried out with two 7-axis torque-controlled Panda robots. Our approach shows higher efficiency and adaptability compared with traditional mappings.
Mary, woman of faith and displaced person: insights for Catholic schools
Authors: McKinney Stephen J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCatholic schools share in the preferential option for the poor that is an essential part of following Jesus and the mission of the Church. Catholic schools in many parts of the world have an historical and contemporary mission for the care and education of the poor. This article uses key passages from the Gospels of Luke and Matthew to illustrate that Mary can be understood as an exemplar of God’s preferential option for the poor. Mary is presented as a young and poor Jewish woman of faith in the Annunciation and the Magnificat in Luke’s Gospel and is presented as an externally displaced person in flight into Egypt in Matthew’s Gospel. The paper also examines the journey to Bethlehem in Luke’s Gospel as interpreted by Pope Francis. He interprets this as Mary being an internally displaced person. Adopting these distinctive modes of interpretation, Mary can be recognised as a model of the preferential option for the poor for Catholic schools.
Review of DC-DC Converter Topologies Based on Impedance Network with Wide Input Voltage Range and High Gain for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Wu Xiaogang , Wang Jiulong , Zhang Yun , Du Jiuyu , Liu Zhengxin , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) has a major impact on improving air quality and reducing other fossil-fuel-related problems. DC-DC boost converters with wide input voltage ranges and high gains are essential to fuel cells and DC buses in the powertrains of FCVs, helping to improve the low voltage of fuel cells and “soft” output characteristics. To build DC-DC converters with the desired performance, their topologies have been widely investigated and optimized. Aiming to obtain the optimal design of wide input range and high-gain DC-DC boost converter topologies for FCVs, a review of the research status of DC-DC boost converters based on an impedance network is presented. Additionally, an evaluation system for DC-DC topologies for FCVs is constructed, providing a reference for designing wide input range and high-gain boost converters. The evaluation system uses eight indexes to comprehensively evaluate the performance of DC-DC boost converters for FCVs. On this basis, issues about DC-DC converters for FCVs are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. The main future research directions of DC-DC converter for FCVs include utilizing a DC-DC converter to realize online monitoring of the water content in FCs and designing buck-boost DC-DC converters suitable for high-power commercial FCVs.
Contribution of home availability, parental child-feeding practices and health beliefs on children’s sweets and salty snacks consumption in Europe: Feel4Diabetes-Study
Authors: Papamichael Maria Michelle , Karaglani Eva , Karatzi Kalliopi , Iotova Violeta , Kivelä Jemina , Cardon Greet , De Vylder Flore , Bazdarska Yuliya , Dimova Roumyana , González-Gil Esther , Flores-Barrantes Paloma , Liatis Stavros , Moreno Luis , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Manios Yannis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdoption of healthy dietary and snacking habits could support optimum physical and mental development in children as they define health in adulthood. This study assessed parameters associated with children’s snacking such as food home availability, parenting practices, and parents’ health beliefs. In this cross-sectional study 12 039 children, 49·4% boys 5–12 years, participating in the European Feel4Diabetes-Study were included. Children’s weekly consumption of sweets and salty snacks, home availability of snacks, food parenting practices, and health beliefs were assessed via questionnaires. Logistic regression was applied to explore associations of a) home availability of snacks, b) food parenting practices (permissiveness and rewarding with snacks) and c) parent’s opinions on deterministic health beliefs with children’s consumption of sweets and salty snacks. Results showed that home availability (sweets: ORadj: 4·76, 95 % CI: 4·32, 5·23; salty snacks: ORadj: 6·56, 95 % CI: 5·64, 7·61), allowing to consume (sweets: ORadj: 3·29, 95 % CI: 2·95, 3·67; salty snacks: ORadj: 3·41, 95 % CI: 2·98, 3·90) and rewarding with sweets/salty snacks (sweets: ORadj: 2·69, 95 % CI: 2·23, 3·24; salty snacks: ORadj: 4·34, 95 % CI: 3·57, 5·28) ‘sometimes/or less frequently’ compared to ‘always/or often’ were associated with lower weekly consumption of sweets and snacks. Parents’ disagreement compared to agreement with deterministic health beliefs and inattentive eating were associated with lower consumption of salty snacks and sweets in children. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that attempts to promote healthy snacking habits in children should aim to improve parental dietary habits, food parenting practices, health beliefs, and reducing home availability of unhealthy foods and snacks.
The Scottish Independence Referendum in an International Context
Authors: Vidmar Jure 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThere are no universally applicable procedural standards under international law for independence referenda. However, in contemporary comparative practice, a minimum requirement has emerged for clarity of both the winning majority and the referendum question. This article demonstrates that Scotland could become an independent state with the lowest popular support in recent international practice, yet this outcome would not compromise the legitimacy of the vote. Even the referendum question is an exemplar of textual clarity. However, the possibility of a referendum on the United Kingdom’s (UK) exit from the European Union (EU) complicates the matter. The author argues that, with independence, Scotland would, prima facie, also exit the EU, unless negotiated otherwise. However, with a potential referendum on the UK’s EU membership on the horizon, Scots do not know whether a vote to remain within the UK is also a vote to remain within the EU. Given the complexity and significance of the EU legal order, Scots have a right to know whether, at least in the near future, the alternative to independence is the UK within or outside the EU. If the two referenda fall too close to each other, the clarity of the Scottish independence referendum could be unduly compromised.