bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of life stage and target tissue on dose–response assessment of ethyl methane sulfonate‐induced genotoxicity
Authors: Mittelstaedt Roberta A. , Dad Azra , Pearce Mason G. , Heflich Robert H. , Cao Xuefei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to investigate the possibility that treatment age affects the genotoxic response to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) exposure, we dosed gpt‐delta neonatal mice on postnatal days 1–28 with 5–100 mg/kg/day of EMS and measured micronucleus (MN) induction in peripheral blood and gpt gene mutation in liver, lung, bone marrow, small intestine, spleen, and kidney. The data were compared to measurements from similarly exposed adult gpt‐delta mice. Our results indicate that the peripheral blood MN frequencies in mice treated as neonates are not substantially different from those measured in mice treated as adults. There were, however, differences in tissue‐specific gpt mutation responses in mice treated with EMS as neonates and adults. Greater mutant frequencies were seen in DNA isolated from kidney of mice treated as neonates, whereas the mutant frequencies in bone marrow, liver, and spleen were greater in the animals treated as adults. Benchmark dose potency ranking indicated that the differences for kidney were significant. Our data indicate that there are differences in EMS‐induced genotoxicity between mice treated as adults and neonates; the differences, however, are relatively small.
Dendritic neuron model neural network trained by modified particle swarm optimization for time‐series forecasting
Authors: Yilmaz Ayse , Yolcu Ufuk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferent types of artificial neural networks (NNs), such as nonprobabilistic and computation‐based time‐series forecasting tools, are widely and successfully used in the time‐series literature. Whereas some of them use an additive aggregation function, others use a multiplicative aggregation function in the structure of their neuron models. In particular, recently proposed sigma‐pi NNs and dendritic NNs have additional and multiplicative neuron models. This study aims to take advantage of the dendritic neuron model neural network (DNM‐NN) in forecasting and hence uses the DNM‐NN trained by a modified particle swarm optimization as the main contribution of the study optimization in time‐series forecasting to improve the forecasting accuracy. To evaluate the forecasting performance of the DNM‐NN, the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) was analyzed, and the obtained results were discussed together with the results produced by other time‐series forecasting models, including traditional, fuzzy‐based, and computational‐based models.
Theory of mind at school: Academic outcomes and the influence of the school context
Authors: Lecce Serena , Devine Rory T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe recent expansion of research on children's understanding of others' minds (or ‘theory of mind’, ToM) into middle childhood provides fresh opportunities to consider its origins and consequences. In this paper, we propose that, in addition to supporting children's social interactions, individual differences in ToM benefit academic achievement, in particular, reading comprehension and scientific reasoning. Furthermore, we argue that the school and classroom context can influence individual differences in ToM and its ongoing development in middle childhood. We suggest future directions for research to test these claims, which will provide a new perspective on the consequences of ToM and test the developmental continuity of socio‐cultural accounts of mindreading.
A large‐scale, online, multiprofessional opioid prescriber training program
Authors: Bednarczyk Edward M. , Blondell Richard D. , Wahler Robert G. , Fiebelkorn Karl D. , Waghmarae Romanth , Lu Chi‐Hua , Rogler Barbara A. , Dunn Terry E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn response to the opioid crisis, New York State (NYS) mandated training for all licensed professionals authorized to prescribe controlled substances. Content included state and federal requirements for prescribing controlled substances, pain management, appropriate prescribing, managing acute pain, palliative care, prevention, screening and signs of addiction; responses to abuse and addiction; and end‐of‐life care. Training was required to be completed by 1 July 2017.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this analysis was to answer the question: Would a large‐scale, enduring, online training program administered in an academic environment be feasible?MethodsAn interdisciplinary team from the University at Buffalo developed a 4‐hour accredited enduring training program which was launched on 15 March 2017. Pre‐ and posttests were required, with a score of ≥70% on the posttest set as successful completion of the course.ResultsAs of 1 July 2017, 31 909 participants had completed Module 1, with 26 511 (83.1%) originating from NYS. For Module 2, 29 450 participants completed the training, with 24 460 (83.1%) originating from NYS. A participant survey found that the overwhelming majority of participants were satisfied with the course. Prescribers (physicians, residents, dentists, nurse practitioners, midwives, and physician assistants) all demonstrated significant improvement for both course modules. Aggregate Module 1 scores improved from (mean ± SD) 79.88 (14.67) at baseline to 93.18 (7.45) postcourse (P < .0001). Aggregate Module 2 scores improved from 67.21 (14.8) to 89.13 (8.09; P < .0001).ConclusionsOur experience demonstrates the feasibility of deploying a credible, enduring, multiprofessional online educational program. The program has been well‐accepted, with a demonstration of increased knowledge across disciplines through pre‐ and posttraining assessment. Further study is needed to address the impact of this training on patterns of opioid prescribing.
Associations between T cells and attention problems in the general pediatric population: The Generation R study
Authors: Looman Kirsten I. M. , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Grosserichter‐Wagener Christina , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , van Zelm Menno C. , Moll Henriëtte A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe pathogenesis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently unclear. We hypothesized that chronic immune activation, as indexed by T and B cells, plays a role in the pathophysiology of attention problems. Therefore, we examined T and B cell subsets in a general pediatric population with information on attention problems.MethodsWe included 756 10‐year‐old children from the Generation R population‐based cohort. Eleven‐color flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood samples to determine T and B cell subsets. The Child Behavior Checklist rated by parents was used to measure attention problems. Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses, adjusting for maternal and child covariates and co‐occurring childhood psychopathology.ResultsFor T helper 1 (Th1) cells, one standard deviation (SD) increase was associated with 5.3% (95%CI 0.3; 10.5) higher attention problem scores. Furthermore, 1SD increase in CD8+ T cells was associated with 7.5% (95%CI 2.4; 12.7) higher attention problem scores. Within total CD8+ T cells, 1SD increase in naive or central memory cells was associated with 6.9% (95%CI 2.0; 12.1) and 6.4% (95%CI 1.5; 11.6) higher attention problem scores, respectively. No associations between Th2, Treg or B memory cells and attention problem scores were observed.ConclusionHigher Th1 and cytotoxic T cell numbers are associated with higher attention problem scores independent of co‐occurring psychopathology. This might indicate a possible role of a pro‐inflammatory immune profile in childhood attention problems.
A sustainable colloidal material with sorption and nutrient‐supply capabilities for in situ groundwater bioremediation
Authors: Elikem Essouassi , Persico Arantxa P. , Bulmer David , Siciliano Steven D. , Mussone Paolo , Peak Derek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrobial degradation of subsurface organic contaminants is often hindered by the low availability of both contaminants and nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). The use of activated carbon and traditional P fertilizers to overcome these challenges has proved ineffective; therefore, we sought to find an innovative and effective solution. By heating bone meal–derived organic residues in water in a closed reactor, we synthesized nonporous colloids composed of aromatic and aliphatic structures linked to P groups. X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy analysis revealed that the materials contain mostly bioavailable forms of P (i.e., adsorbed P and magnesium‐bearing brushite). The capacity of the materials to adsorb organic contaminants was investigated using benzene and batch isotherm experiments. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to the linearized Freundlich model; isotherm capacity (logKF) values for the materials ranged between 1.6 and 2.8 μg g–1. These results indicate that the colloidal materials have a high affinity for organic contaminants. This, coupled with their possession of bioavailable P, should make them effective amendments for in situ groundwater bioremediation. Also, the materials’ chemical properties suggest that they are not recalcitrant, implying that they will not become potential contaminants when released into the environment.
Duality theorems for stars and combs II: Dominating stars and dominated combs
Authors: Bürger Carl , Kurkofka Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a series of four papers we determine structures whose existence is dual, in the sense of complementary, to the existence of stars or combs. Here, in the second paper of the series, we present duality theorems for combinations of stars and combs: dominating stars and dominated combs. As dominating stars exist if and only if dominated combs do, the structures complementary to them coincide. Like for arbitrary stars and combs, our duality theorems for dominated combs (and dominating stars) are phrased in terms of normal trees or tree‐decompositions. The complementary structures we provide for dominated combs unify those for stars and combs and allow us to derive our duality theorems for stars and combs from those for dominated combs. This is surprising given that our complementary structures for stars and combs are quite different: Those for stars are locally finite whereas those for combs are rayless.
Microwave‐assisted Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé multicomponent reaction to synthesize imidazo fused heterocycles via in‐situ generated isocyanides from N‐formylamines: An undergraduate organic laboratory experiment
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Rahul , Patil Madhuri T. , Kumar Kushvinder , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Singh Kamal Nain , Chaudhari Vinod D. , Salunke Deepak B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA one‐pot methodology is developed for the direct conversion of N‐formylamine, 2‐amino pyridine, and aldehyde into 2,3‐substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine heterocycles using I2‐PPh3‐Et3N reagent system under microwave irradiation. During the reaction, I2‐PPh3‐Et3N converts N‐formylamine into isocyanide, which in the presence of in‐situ generated hydrogen iodide (HI) undergoes Groebke‐Balckburn‐Bienaymé (GBB) multicomponent reaction with aldehyde and 2‐aminopyridine. The in‐situ generated HI eliminates the need for an external catalyst for the GBB reaction. The developed process incorporates the use of readily accessible and cheap reagents and also avoid a separate step for the synthesis of isocyanides having disagreeable odor. Fourteen different GBB based heterocycles have been synthesized to demonstrate the feasibility of the optimized protocol. The preparation of N‐formylamines utilized in the synthesis is also elaborated and the overall process was optimized to be suitable for a typical undergraduate organic laboratory experiment. One of the final products was characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HRMS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Overall, the experiment will be useful in the organic chemistry curriculum to teach about multicomponent reactions, the importance of isocyanides in organic synthesis, formylation of amines, application of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis, and structural elucidation of small organic molecules.
Prediction of in‐hospital mortality with machine learning for COVID‐19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Sahashi Yuki , Kawahito Shinpei , Takahashi Mai , Iwagami Masao , Egorova Natalia N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe aimed to create the prediction model of in‐hospital mortality using machine learning methods for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treated with steroid and remdesivir. We reviewed 1571 hospitalized patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 from the Mount Sinai Health System treated with both steroids and remdesivir. The important variables associated with in‐hospital mortality were identified using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) through the light gradient boosting model (GBM). The data before February 17th, 2021 (N = 769) was randomly split into training and testing datasets; 80% versus 20%, respectively. Light GBM models were created with train data and area under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. Additionally, we calculated AUC with the data between February 17th, 2021 and March 30th, 2021 (N = 802). Of the 1571 patients admitted due to COVID‐19, 331 (21.1%) died during hospitalization. Through LASSO and SHAP, we selected six important variables; age, hypertension, oxygen saturation, blood urea nitrogen, intensive care unit admission, and endotracheal intubation. AUCs using training and testing datasets derived from the data before February 17th, 2021 were 0.871/0.911. Additionally, the light GBM model has high predictability for the latest data (AUC: 0.881) (https://risk-model.herokuapp.com/covid). A high‐value prediction model was created to estimate in‐hospital mortality for COVID‐19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir.
Persistence of sleep disturbance among post‐COVID patients: Findings from a 2‐month follow‐up study in a Bangladeshi cohort
Authors: Islam Md. Khairul , Molla Md. Maruf Ahmed , Hasan Pratyay , Sharif Md. Mohiuddin , Hossain Fahima Sharmin , Amin Md. Robed , Rahman Md. Ridwanur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the persistence and factors associated with sleep disturbances among COVID‐19 patients with a history of sleep disturbances 2 months after discharge from the hospital. A total of 400 patients admitted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital during July and August were diagnosed as suffering from sleep disturbances during their hospital stay using a standardized scale. They were followed up 2 months later through telephone, and a total of 322 participants were interviewed (excluding 63 nonresponders and five deceased) regarding the persistence of disturbances in sleep through a structured questionnaire. Patient demographic, clinical, and epidemiological data including history regarding in‐hospital sleep disturbance were retrieved from hospital treatment sheets. Results revealed, 35% of study participants (n = 113) were still experiencing symptoms of sleep disturbances during the interview by telephone. Age (p = 0.015), diabetes mellitus (relative risk [RR]: 1.21; confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.42, p = 0.022), on admission SPO2 (p = 0.009), C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.025), serum ferritin (p = 0.014), and d‐dimer (p = 0.030) were independently associated with sleep disturbances among participants (p < 0.05). Binary and fitting logistic regression through repeated K folds cross‐validation revealed 1.65 (CI: 1.02–2.66), 1.07 (CI: 1.01–1.14), and 1.07 (CI: 1.00–1.15) times higher odds of persistence of sleep disturbances among patients with diabetes mellitus, increased neutrophil, and lymphocyte percentages, respectively. Findings of this study need to be validated and patients should be further followed up with more in‐depth studies conducted 6 or 12 months after initial infection, possibly with the help of higher sample size and in‐person interview.
A Uniform and Robust Bioinspired Zwitterion Coating for Use in Blood‐Contacting Catheters with Improved Anti‐Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Properties
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Zhang Fanjun , Lang Shiying , Yang Li , Gao Shuai , Wu Dimeng , Liu Gongyan , Wang Yunbing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInflammation and thrombosis are two major complications of blood‐contacting catheters that are used as extracorporeal circuits for hemodialysis and life‐support systems. In clinical applications, complications can lead to increased mortality and morbidity rates. In this work, a biomimetic erythrocyte membrane zwitterion coating based on poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐dopamine methacrylate) (pMPCDA) copolymers is uniformly and robustly modified onto a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter via mussel‐inspired surface chemistry. The zwitterionic pMPCDA coating exhibits excellent antifouling activity and resists bacterial adhesion, fibrinogen adsorption, and platelet adhesion/activation. The material also demonstrates great hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and anticoagulation properties in vitro. Additionally, this biocompatible pMPCDA coating reduces in vivo foreign‐body reactions by mitigating inflammatory response and collagen capsule formation, due to its outstanding ability to resist nonspecific protein adsorption. More importantly, when compared with a bare PVC catheter, the pMPCDA coating exhibits outstanding antithrombotic properties when tested in an ex vivo rabbit perfusion model. Thus, it is envisioned that this biomimetic erythrocyte membrane surface strategy will provide a promising way to mitigate inflammation and thrombosis caused by the use of blood‐contacting catheters.
Design and Synthesis of Hsp90 Inhibitors with B‐Raf and PDHK1 Multi‐Target Activity
Authors: Pinzi Luca , Foschi Francesca , Christodoulou Michael S. , Passarella Daniele , Rastelli Giulio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe design of multi‐target ligands has become an innovative approach for the identification of effective therapeutic treatments against complex diseases, such as cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combined inhibition of Hsp90 and B‐Raf provides synergistic effects against several types of cancers. Moreover, it has been reported that PDHK1, which presents an ATP‐binding pocket similar to that of Hsp90, plays an important role in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression, participating also to the senescence process induced by B‐Raf oncogenic proteins. Based on these premises, the simultaneous inhibition of these targets may provide several benefits for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we set up a design strategy including the assembly and integration of molecular fragments known to be important for binding to the Hsp90, PDHK1 and B‐Raf targets, aided by molecular docking for the selection of a set of compounds potentially able to exert Hsp90‐B‐Raf‐PDHK1 multi‐target activities. The designed compounds were synthesized and experimentally validated in vitro. According to the in vitro assays, compounds 4 a, 4 d and 4 e potently inhibited Hsp90 and moderately inhibited the PDHK1 kinase. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide further insights into the structural basis of their multi‐target activity.
Nomograms of fetal cardiothoracic ratio from 17 to 37 weeks' gestation as assessed by three different measurement techniques and their correlation with gestational age
Authors: Sompagdee Nalat , Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Burapasikarin Chada , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Thongkloung Piyatida 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo create nomograms for fetal cardiothoracic (CT) ratio as assessed by three different 2‐dimensional sonographic measurements, including CT diameter, circumference, and area ratios, in Thai fetuses with a gestational age (GA) of 17–37 weeks, and to evaluate both their correlation with GA or biparietal diameter (BPD) and variability among the three measurement methods.MethodsTwo‐dimensional sonographic measurements of fetal CT ratio in 4‐chamber view were assessed by three different measurement techniques. The 95% reference intervals and Z‐scores of all measurement methods based on GA or BPD were constructed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the reproducibility of each technique were compared.ResultsA total of 511 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were included. The fetal CT ratio values by all measurement techniques gradually and smoothly increased with increasing GA and BPD. The fetal CT circumference ratio showed the least correlation with both GA and BPD. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability coefficients of all techniques demonstrated almost excellent agreement (all ICCs at least 0.87).ConclusionReference intervals and Z‐score reference ranges were developed using three different techniques for fetal CT ratio with a GA of 17–37 weeks. These nomograms are a simple and reliable screening tool for identifying abnormal fetal heart size.
Secretome analysis of human schwann cells derived from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Ferdoushi Aysha , Jamaluddin M. Fairuz B. , Li Xiang , Pundavela Jay , Faulkner Sam , Hondermarck Hubert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive, nerve‐associated tumors and the main cause of death amongst neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) patients. Schwann cells (SCs) are the pathogenic cell type in MPNST, however the secretome of human MPNST ‐derived SCs is poorly defined. In this study, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the proteins secreted by the sNF96.2 human SC line, derived from a patient with MPNST, was performed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). A total of 17,354 unique peptides corresponding to 1538 individual proteins were identified. Among them, 995 proteins were confirmed as secreted using various bioinformatics tools including SignalP, SecretomeP, Vertebrate Secretome Database (VerSeDa), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted to assign protein localization and function, and to define enriched pathways. Protein binding was the most enriched molecular function, and the most enriched biological process was cell‐cell adhesion. Metabolic pathways showed the highest levels of enrichment. In addition, 13 of the identified proteins were validated in Western blotting. This comprehensive secretome map constitutes a reference library providing a new molecular insight into MPNST.