bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Led Remote Warfarin Management Model Using a Smartphone Application (Yixing) in Improving Patients’ Knowledge and Outcomes of Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Jiang Shudan , He Qiuyi , Yan Jiajia , Zhao Liyan , Zheng Yifan , Chen Pan , Chen Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Background: The management of warfarin-treated patients has been recognized as a challenge due to narrow therapeutic range and food and drug interactions in warfarin therapy. We aim to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-led remote warfarin management model using a smartphone application (app) on anticoagulation therapy.Methods: Eligible patients who had received warfarin therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement were enrolled. The intervention group was offered a pharmacist-led remote warfarin management model using the app named Yixing. Yixing incorporates functions including automatic daily reminder, personal health record, educational program, and online counseling. The control group received traditional pharmacy services without Yixing. Co-primary outcomes were patients’ awareness score of warfarin therapy obtained from questionnaire, the medication adherence measured by the percentage of the correct-warfarin-taken days in the monitored period, the fraction of time in therapeutic range (FTTR), and the incidence of anticoagulation-related complications. The needed information of the patients was acquired via electronic medical records from the hospital, Yixing system and telephone follow-up when necessary.Results: 64 and 66 patients were initially in the intervention and control groups respectively. After propensity score matching, 50 patients were assigned in each group. The intervention group had a median age of 51.0 years, in which 27 (54%) were male. The control group had a median age of 50.5 years, in which 28 (56%) were male. Patient awareness score in the intervention group was 8.00 (2.00), which was higher than that in the control group, with score at 6.50 (2.50) (p = 0.001). No significant difference was found in the percentage of the correct-warfarin-taken days between the two groups (p = 0.520). The median (interquartile range) value of FTTR was 80.3% (21.9%) and 72.1% (17.7%) in the intervention and control groups respectively (p = 0.033), and no significant differences in the incidence of anticoagulation-related complications were observed (p = 0.514).Conclusion: The pharmacist-led remote warfarin management model using Yixing improves patients’ awareness of warfarin therapy and increases FTTR, but may not have significant improvements on medication adherence and safety.
Deep Shape Features for Predicting Future Intracranial Aneurysm Growth
Authors: Bizjak Žiga , Pernuš Franjo , Špiclin Žiga 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are a common vascular pathology and are associated with a risk of rupture, which is often fatal. Aneurysm growth is considered a surrogate of rupture risk; therefore, the study aimed to develop and evaluate prediction models of future artificial intelligence (AI) growth based on baseline aneurysm morphology as a computer-aided treatment decision support.Materials and methods: Follow-up CT angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) angiograms of 39 patients with 44 IAs were classified by an expert as growing and stable (25/19). From the angiograms vascular surface meshes were extracted and the aneurysm shape was characterized by established morphologic features and novel deep shape features. The features corresponding to the baseline aneurysms were used to predict future aneurysm growth using univariate thresholding, multivariate random forest and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) learning, and deep shape learning based on the PointNet++ model.Results: The proposed deep shape feature learning method achieved an accuracy of 0.82 (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.63), while the multivariate learning and univariate thresholding methods were inferior with an accuracy of up to 0.68 and 0.63, respectively.Conclusion: High-performing classification of future growing IAs renders the proposed deep shape features learning approach as the key enabling tool to manage rupture risk in the “no treatment” paradigm of patient follow-up imaging.
L-Leucine Improves Metabolic Disorders in Mice With in-utero Cigarette Smoke Exposure
Authors: Zeng Yunxin , Huang Taida , Wang Nan , Xu Yi , Sun Chunhui , Huang Min , Chen Chun , Oliver Brian G. , Yi Chenju , Chen Hui 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) causes intrauterine undernutrition, resulting in increased risk for metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes in the offspring without sex differences. L-leucine supplementation has been shown to reduce body weight and improve glucose metabolism in both obese animals and humans. In this study, we aimed to determine whether postnatal L-leucine supplementation in female offspring can ameliorate the detrimental impact of maternal SE.Methods: Female Balb/c mice (6-week) were exposed to cigarette smoke (SE, 2 cigarettes/day) prior to mating for 5 weeks until the pups weaned. Sham dams were exposed to air during the same period. Half of the female offspring from the SE and SHAM dams were supplied with L-leucine via drinking water (1.5% w/w) after weaning (21-day) for 10 weeks and sacrificed at 13 weeks (adulthood).Results: Maternal SE during pregnancy resulted in smaller body weight and glucose intolerance in the offspring. L-leucine supplement in Sham offspring reduced body weight, fat mass, and fasting blood glucose levels compared with their untreated littermates; however somatic growth was not changed. L-leucine supplement in SE offspring improved glucose tolerance and reduced fat mass compared with untreated littermates.Conclusions: Postnatal L-leucine supplement could reduce fat accumulation and ameliorate glucose metabolic disorder caused by maternal SE. The application of leucine may provide a potential strategy for reducing metabolic disorders in offspring from mothers who continued to smoke during pregnancy.
A Web-Based Tool for Quantification of Potential Gains in Life Expectancy by Preventing Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Chandran Aruna , Xu Churong , Gross Jonathan , Leifheit Kathryn M. , Phelan-Emrick Darcy , Helleringer Stephane , Althoff Keri N. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Local health departments are currently limited in their ability to use life expectancy (LE) as a benchmark for improving community health. In collaboration with the Baltimore City Health Department, our aim was to develop a web-based tool to estimate the potential lives saved and gains in LE in specific neighborhoods following interventions targeting achievable reductions in preventable deaths.Methods: The PROLONGER (ImPROved LONGEvity through Reductions in Cause-Specific Deaths) tool utilizes a novel Lives Saved Simulation model to estimate neighborhood-level potential change in LE after specified reduction in cause-specific mortality. This analysis uses 2012–2016 deaths in Baltimore City residents; a 20% reduction in heart disease mortality is shown as a case study.Results: According to PROLONGER, if heart disease deaths could be reduced by 20% in a given neighborhood in Baltimore City, there could be up to a 2.3-year increase in neighborhood LE. The neighborhoods with highest expected LE increase are not the same as those with highest heart disease mortality burden or lowest overall life expectancies.Discussion: PROLONGER is a practical resource for local health officials in prioritizing scarce resources to improve health outcomes. Focusing programs based on potential LE impact at the neighborhood level could lend new information for targeting of place-based public health interventions.
RETRACTED: CT-Based Risk Factors for Mortality of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Nannan , Chen Zhen , Ye Ling , Zhang Ling , Jin Dakai , Gao Liangxin , Liu Xinhui , Lai Bolin , Yao Jiawen , Guo Dazhou , Zhang Hua , Lu Le , Xiao Jing , Huang Lingyun , Ai Fen , Wang Xiang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) characteristics associated with critical outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported. However, CT risk factors for mortality have not been directly reported. We aim to determine the CT-based quantitative predictors for COVID-19 mortality.Methods: In this retrospective study, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients at Wuhan Central Hospital between December 9, 2019, and March 19, 2020, were included. A novel prognostic biomarker, V-HU score, depicting the volume (V) of total pneumonia infection and the average Hounsfield unit (HU) of consolidation areas was automatically quantified from CT by an artificial intelligence (AI) system. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate risk factors for mortality.Results: The study included 238 patients (women 136/238, 57%; median age, 65 years, IQR 51–74 years), 126 of whom were survivors. The V-HU score was an independent predictor (hazard ratio [HR] 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–5.17; p = 0.001) after adjusting for several COVID-19 prognostic indicators significant in univariable analysis. The prognostic performance of the model containing clinical and outpatient laboratory factors was improved by integrating the V-HU score (c-index: 0.695 vs. 0.728; p &lt; 0.001). Older patients (age ≥ 65 years; HR 3.56, 95% CI 1.64–7.71; p &lt; 0.001) and younger patients (age &lt; 65 years; HR 4.60, 95% CI 1.92–10.99; p &lt; 0.001) could be further risk-stratified by the V-HU score.Conclusions: A combination of an increased volume of total pneumonia infection and high HU value of consolidation areas showed a strong correlation to COVID-19 mortality, as determined by AI quantified CT.
Evaluación en Psicoterapia: Propiedades Psicométricas de la versión Argentina de la Escala de Calificación de Resultados y la Escala de Calificación de Sesiones
Authors: Santangelo Pablo Rafael , Conde Karina , Schupp Helga , Paoloni Natalia 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Los instrumentos que ponderen alianza terapéutica y resultados en psicoterapia son esenciales, ya que los profesionales tienden a presentar sesgos de juicio en sus evaluaciones. Sin embargo, en muchos países de habla hispana son escasos. En este estudio, se evaluó la Escala de calificación de resultados (ORS por sus siglas en inglés) y la Escala de calificación de sesiones (SRS por sus siglas en inglés) en el contexto argentino. Las dos escalas son analógicas y breves, la ORS evalúa el progreso del paciente y la SRS la alianza terapéutica. Método: Se contó con una muestra clínica de n=167 pacientes. Las escalas fueron aplicadas en cuatro momentos del proceso psicoterapéutico. Se analizó las puntuaciones de la ORS según sexo y edad, y se evalúo el Índice de Cambio Confiable (ICC). Se estimo la fiabilidad y validez concurrente en ambas escalas y la validez predictiva en SRS. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias de sexo ni de edad en la ORS, con un ICC = 5,61. La consistencia interna fue mayor a α = .80 en las dos escalas, la correlación test-retest fue moderada-alta y se encontró evidencia de validez concurrente. Discusión: Las características que la ORS y la SRS presentan para el contexto argentino parecen ser similares a las escalas originales, incluida el ICC, presentando potencial para aplicarse a nivel práctico.
Biological Characteristics of Verticillium dahliae MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 Strains
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Ya-Duo , Zhang Dan-Dan , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Dan , Song Jian , Zhang Jian , Li Ran , Kong Zhi-Qiang , Klosterman Steven J. , Dai Xiao-Feng , Subbarao Krishna V. , Zhao Jun , Chen Jie-Yin 
Published: July 2021

Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus that causes Verticillium wilt on hundreds of dicotyledonous plant species. V. dahliae is considered an asexually (clonal) reproducing fungus, although both mating type idiomorphs (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) are present, and is heterothallic. Most of the available information on V. dahliae strains, including their biology, pathology, and genomics comes from studies on isolates with the MAT1-2 idiomorph, and thus little information is available on the MAT1-1 V. dahliae strains in the literature. We therefore evaluated the growth responses of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 V. dahliae strains to various stimuli. Growth rates and melanin production in response to increased temperature, alkaline pH, light, and H2O2 stress were higher in the MAT1-2 strains than in the MAT1-1 strains. In addition, the MAT1-2 strains showed an enhanced ability to degrade complex polysaccharides, especially starch, pectin, and cellulose. Furthermore, several MAT1-2 strains from both potato and sunflower showed increased virulence on their original hosts, relative to their MAT1-1 counterparts. Thus, compared to MAT1-1 strains, MAT1-2 strains derive their potentially greater fitness from an increased capacity to adapt to their environment and exhibit higher virulence. These competitive advantages might explain the current abundance of MAT1-2 strains relative to MAT1-1 strains in the agricultural and sylvicultural ecosystems, and this study provides the baseline information on the two mating idiomorphs to study sexual reproduction in V. dahliae under natural and laboratory conditions.
Crop and Semi-Natural Habitat Configuration Affects Diversity and Abundance of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in a Large-Field Cotton Agroecosystem
Authors: Esquivel Isaac L. , Parys Katherine A. , Wright Karen W. , Eubanks Micky D. , Oswald John D. , Coulson Robert N. , Brewer Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

The cotton agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed, economically and culturally important fiber crops worldwide, including in the United States of America (U.S.), China, India, Pakistan, and Brazil. The composition and configuration of crop species and semi-natural habitat can have significant effects on ecosystem services such as pollination. Here, we investigated the local-scale effect of crop and semi-natural habitat configuration in a large field (>200 ha in size) cotton agroecosystem on the diversity and abundance of native bees. The interfaces sampled included cotton grown next to cotton, sorghum or semi-natural habitat along with a natural habitat comparator. Collections of native bees across interface types revealed 32 species in 13 genera across 3 families. Average species richness metrics ranged between 20.5 and 30.5, with the highest (30.5) at the interface of cotton and semi-natural habitat. The most abundant species was Melissodes tepaneca Cresson (>4000 individuals, ~75% of bees collected) with a higher number of individuals found in all cotton–crop interfaces compared to the cotton interface with semi-natural habitat or natural habitat alone. It was also found that interface type had a significant effect on the native bee communities. Communities of native bees in the cotton–crop interfaces tended to be more consistent in species richness and abundance. While cotton grown next to semi-natural habitat had higher species richness, the number of bees collected varied. These data suggest that native bee communities persist in large-field cotton agroecosystems. Selected species dominate (i.e., M. tepaneca) and thrive in this large-field cotton system where cotton–crop interfaces are key local landscape features. These data have implications for potential pollination benefits to cotton production. The findings also contribute to a discussion regarding the role of large-field commercial cotton growing systems in conserving native bees.
An Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Damage from the Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident
Authors: Han Haiwen , Huang Shengmao , Liu Shuang , Sha Jingjing , Lv Xianqing 
Published: July 2021

Oil spills have immediate adverse effects on marine ecological functions. Accurate assessment of the damage caused by the oil spill is of great significance for the protection of marine ecosystems. In this study the observation data of Chaetoceros and shellfish before and after the Penglai 19-3 oil spill in the Bohai Sea were analyzed by the least-squares fitting method and radial basis function (RBF) interpolation. Besides, an oil transport model is provided which considers both the hydrodynamic mechanism and monitoring data to accurately simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the Bohai Sea. It was found that the abundance of Chaetoceros and shellfish exposed to the oil spill decreased rapidly. The biomass loss of Chaetoceros and shellfish are 7.25×1014~7.28×1014 ind and 2.30×1012~2.51×1012 ind in the area with TPH over 50 mg/m3 during the observation period, respectively. This study highlights the evaluation of ecological resource loss caused by the oil spill, which is useful for the protection and restoration of the biological resources following the oil spill.
Apparition d'influenza aviaire chez la poule dans le nord de la France. Isolement d'un virus Hav 9 N 2
Authors: Duée J. P. , Fontaine M.-P. 
Published: July 2021

Dans le département du Nord, en décembre 1979 puis en août 1980, sont apparus deux foyers d'Influenza aviaire dans des élevages de poules pondeuses. Ils se traduisent par une haute morbidité à prédominance digestive, un certain taux de mortalité chez les poulettes et un retard d'entrée en ponte.
Les différents examens de laboratoire, mettent en évidence un virus hémagglutinant non neutralisé par le sérum anti-Newcastle, par double diffusion en gélose il donne un trait de précipitation spécifique des Influenza A.
D’après les tests d’inhibition croisée de l'hémagglutinine et de la neuraminidase, l'isolat correspond au sous-type Influenza A/Turkey/Wisconsin/66 (Hav 9 N 2).
A propos de ces premiers foyers d’Influenza décrits en France chez des oiseaux domestiques, la situation épidémiologique générale est discutée en fonction des résultats des enquêtes d’écologie virale en cours dans différents pays.
Basileus et turannos chez Hérodote
Authors: Lévy Edmond 
Published: July 2021

Hérodote, bien que généralement hostile à la tyrannie, ne donne pas une valeur systématiquement négative au vocabulaire, relativement récent, de la tyrannie.
Ce vocabulaire est appliqué à des monarques traditionnels (par ex. en Lydie), à des «gouverneurs» soumis aux Perses, qui portent peut-être officiellement le titre de turannos de telle région, et à des tyrans grecs. On trouve de nombreuses interférences avec le vocabulaire de la royauté, même pour les tyrans grecs.
Quand les deux vocabulaires sont en concurrence, la famille de turannos évoque plutôt l’exercice effectif du pouvoir et celle de basileus, le titre royal, tandis que turannos implique un pouvoir absolu, ce que peut être, mais n’est pas nécessairement la basileia.
Dispensing errors in a Rio de Janeiro tertiary hospital: incidence, types, and causes / Erros de dispensação em hospital terciário do Rio de Janeiro: incidência, tipos e causas
Authors: De Moura Luciana Lima , Cunha Rafael Garcia , Fonseca Ana Beatriz Monteiro , De Brito Monique Araújo , De Castilho Selma Rodrigues 
Published: July 2021

Objective: In this study, the drug dispensing system of a tertiary care center was analysed, with the purpose of identifying the occurrence of dispensing errors, their types, causes, and the role of double checking in prevention. The main factors that contribute for the errors and the recommendations to avoid them have been evaluated from the perspective of the professionals involved in the dispensation process. Methods: 1,077 prescriptions were assessed in a 6-month period. The errors were recorded and corrected before the medication left the pharmacy. Each pharmaceutical unit dispensed was considered as a possibility of error. The results were analyze through descriptive statistics (average, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and frequencies). In the second step of the research, the opinion of the professionals directly involved with dispensing about causes and consequences of the errors was assessed through a questionnaire with open and closed questions to explore the factors and causes of errors. Results: A 4.5% rate of dispensing errors inside the pharmacy was observed , during the double-check process. The rate observed when the medicines arrived at the admission units was of 0.37%. The most frequent class of errors in dispensing was drug omission (62.9%), followed by dose added errors (11.7%); incorrect time (10.2%); incorrect drug (9.2%), and changed dosage form (6.4%). We found a direct relationship between the number of dispensed items during a shift and the number of dispensing errors (ρ=0,844). The schedule for team shifts influenced the error rate (p=0,016). Conclusion: Knowing the dispensing error profile is crucial for promoting behaviour changes and to define adequated error barriers.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ УЯВЛЕНЬ МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ ЩОДО СТРУКТУРИ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ЛІДЕРА
Authors: Храбан Тетяна , Сілко Олексій 
Published: July 2021

Мета статті – проаналізувати пріоритизацію лідерських компетенцій майбутніми офіцерами, через оцінку ними значення поведінкових стандартів для ефективного виконання місії та удосконалення структури військового формування. Респондентами були обрані курсанти, які навчаються у Військовому інституті телекомунікацій та інформатизації за спеціальністю «Військове управління», – майбутні офіцери по роботі з особовим складом. Кількість респондентів, які були обрані для участі в опитуванні, склала 50 осіб, серед них 37 чоловіків й 13 жінок. Основу діагностичного опитувальника склав перелік поведінкових стандартів як показників лідерських компетенцій, визначених у відповідності з Доктриною ADP 6-22 «Army Leadership and the Profession». Отримані результати вказують, що чільне місце у відповідях респондентів займає лідерська компетенція, яка проявляється у вмінні змусити підлеглих вийти за рамки своїх особистих інтересів й працювати на загальне благо. Нами були встановлені певні гендерні відмінності у пріоритетах курсантів-жінок та курсантів-чоловіків. Так, курсанти-жінки вбачають розвиток лідерського потенціалу в пріоритизації компетенції управління людськими ресурсами, а саме – у володінні навичками ефективного спілкування і здатності зміцнювати довіру в колективі. При цьому лідерські компетенції розглядаються ними як результат прагнення до саморозвитку. Для курсантів-чоловіків визначальною є функціональна спрямованість лідерських компетенцій, оскільки вони розглядають лідерські поведінкові стандарти як практичні інструменти постановки і досягнення мети. Вони вважають, що між лідером та іншими членами групи має зберігатися певна дистанція, критерієм його ефективності служать не міжособистісні відносини з підлеглими, а виконання завдання, яке він повинен забезпечити. Курсанти обох статей демонструють інтегральний підхід до розуміння військового лідерства, яке поєднує парадигми командного духу і харизматичності особистості. Квінтесенція інтегрального підходу полягає в об’єднанні індивідуальної та командної природи лідерства, при якому реалізується іманентна потреба особистості в пошуках своєї ідентичності, коли індивідуальність схвалюється, і вміння підпорядковувати свої інтереси інтересам військової організації (місії)