bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process of health behaviour change following participation in a randomised controlled trial targeting prediabetes: A qualitative study
Authors: Schmidt Kirstine , Færch Kristine , Zoffmann Vibeke , Amadid Hanan , Varming Annemarie R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo explore how participating in a randomised controlled trial affected motivation, barriers and strategies in the process of health behaviour change among individuals with prediabetes.MethodsAn extension to the PRE‐D trial, a qualitative study investigated the efficacy of glucose‐lowering interventions (metformin, dapagliflozin or exercise) compared with a control group among individuals with prediabetes and overweight/obesity. Data were collected through separate focus group interviews with participants using semi‐structured interview guides inspired by health behaviour change theories. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive‐deductive approach.ResultsFour interrelated themes were generated from interviews: (1) 'self‐construction of prediabetes', on how participants understood the term 'prediabetes', (2) 'altered health image', on how participants' health perceptions were affected, (3) 'personal strategies for health behaviour change', on different ways to attempt to implement behaviour changes and (4) 'the process of health behaviour change', on how participants progressed and relapsed while trying to change behaviour. Themes relate to the health belief model, self‐determination theory, self‐efficacy and the trans‐theoretical model of change. Participants shared their experiences and thoughts during interviews and inspired each other, which led some participants to develop a new perspective on prediabetes severity and increased their motivation for behaviour change.ConclusionsHow participants perceived and accepted, rejected or neglected prediabetes appeared to affect their health images and whether they realised a need for behaviour change. Their achievements during interventions, health literacy, self‐efficacy and perceived support from their social networks, professionals and technological aids influenced the maintenance of health behaviour changes.
Analysing the actions of the rebels in the English Revolt of 1381: The case of Cambridgeshire
Authors: Xu Mingjie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article throws new light on the forces that propelled the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 by focusing closely on the actions of the rebels, the number and nature of the attacks they carried out, and the identities, status, and roles of their victims. The exceptionally rich and comprehensive records of the violence and disorder that occurred in Cambridgeshire have been systematically studied and each incident analysed, categorized, and quantified. The results reveal that attacks in this region were overwhelmingly directed against political and judicial officials operating at a national and local level, and that attacks against landlords arising from oppressive manorial lordship constituted less than one‐tenth of recorded violent incidents. The use of similar analysis of the actions of rebels recorded in the judicial proceedings of revolts in other regions may lessen the scale of the contention that still exists over the grievances that provoked this momentous uprising and who the rebels judged to be their main adversaries.
Metabolic parameters as possible diagnostic predictors in first‐episode psychosis: An exploratory retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ramos Ferreira Sofia , Moura Diana , Oliveira Pedro , Santos Vítor , Bajouco Miguel , Morais Sofia , Coroa Manuel , Manadas Bruno , Madeira Nuno 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimPatients in early phases of schizophrenia or mood disorders with psychotic symptoms have a wide array of metabolic abnormalities. We analysed the potential predictive value of uric acid (UA) levels and other metabolic parameters in first‐episode psychosis patients to differentiate between non‐affective and affective psychosis.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all patients referenced to a first‐episode psychosis unit (n = 149), between 2012 and 2017, with available UA levels. Patients included (n = 37) were compared according to the follow‐up diagnosis of schizophrenia or mood disorder.ResultsMood disorder patients presented higher UA levels (p = .030) and lower fasting blood glucose levels (p = .020) compared with schizophrenia patients. The remaining variables did not show significant intergroup differences.ConclusionsFindings in this first‐episode psychosis cohort support previous evidence suggesting higher UA levels as a predictor of affective psychosis and glucose dysfunction as predictive of schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to explore metabolic parameters as possible diagnostic predictors in first‐episode psychosis.
Prevalence of salmonella faecal shedding in at‐risk hospitalised cases in an equine hospital in New Zealand: A pilot study
Authors: Lambe H. , Sykes B. W. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundSalmonella is an important veterinary pathogen contributing to gastrointestinal disease in horses and foals. Hospital biosecurity is an important consideration in preventing transmission between cases and zoonotic transmission. The prevalence of salmonella in horses in equine hospitals has previously been reported in the United States and Australia. However, to date, it has not been reported in New Zealand.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of salmonella faecal shedding in at‐risk cases undergoing testing by repeated faecal culture or faecal PCR in an equine hospital in the North Island of New Zealand.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsMedical records from a 2‐year period (July 2018 to June 2020) were reviewed. Cases identified by the treating clinician as at‐risk of salmonella, and subsequently tested with repeated faecal culture (at least three samples) or faecal PCR were included for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used, and prevalence data reported with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 28 horses were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of salmonella in the study population was 10.7% (n = 3/28, 95% CI 3.1–25.9%).Main limitationsSmall sample size (n = 28) and retrospective study design provide support for further investigation.ConclusionsThe prevalence of salmonella in the study population is comparable to previous reports in the United States. Further research into the prevalence and risk factors associated with faecal shedding of salmonella in hospitalised horses in New Zealand is warranted.
Application of permutation entropy and factorization network in the classification of congenital heart disease
Authors: Lin Zhe , Zhang Zhiqiang , Xiao Miao , Xiao Zhijian , Wang Qichu , Jiang Qian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOwing to the nonstationary feature of heart sound signal which is often disturbed by noise, a method based on permutation entropy and factorization network in the classification of heart sound of congenital heart disease is proposed. Firstly, the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) of normal and abnormal heart sound signals is performed to obtain several intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Secondly, the optimal parameters in the permutation entropy algorithm are determined by C_C algorithm, and then according to the algorithm, the entropy values of the IMF components of each order are calculated to form high‐dimensional eigenvectors. Finally, the recommended models of factorization machines (FMs) are used to classify the heart sounds and the generalisation performance of the FM network model are evaluated from accuracy and Area Under ROC Curve (AUC). The results show that the FM accuracy is 0.865, the AUC value is 0.887; the SVM accuracy is 0.812, and the AUC value is 0.805.
Feature‐weightedAdaBoostclassifier for punctuation prediction in Tamil and HindiNLPsystems
Authors: K Mrinalini , P Vijayalakshmi , T Nagarajan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPunctuation marks play a vital role in text representation and interpretation, and are useful in enhancing the performance of modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems such as voice input typing aids, machine translation, and speech synthesis systems. Punctuation marks, except period, are inherently not available in Indian languages such as Tamil and Hindi. However, some modern forms of writing such as news articles, blogs, stories, and so forth, incorporate user‐defined punctuation marks in these languages. The current work proposes an automatic punctuation prediction system for texts in Tamil and Hindi using classification approach, where punctuation prediction is considered as a multi‐class classification problem. Word‐level text features are chosen and are analysed to validate their language‐dependency and significance towards punctuation prediction. A Feature‐weighted AdaBoost (FAda) classifier is proposed that defines a novel boosting factor to adjust the hypothesis weight of the weak classifiers, hence reducing the number of false classifications. It is observed that the proposed classifier outperforms the other classification techniques such as, AdaBoost, SVM, CART, CRF, and Bi‐LSTM by a maximum difference of 50% and 16% in the macro F1‐scores for Tamil and Hindi texts, respectively. The proposed classifier performs on par with the attention‐based classifier for both Tamil and Hindi texts. Further, as a proof of concept, the proposed punctuation prediction system is applied to voice keyboard, machine translation, and speech synthesis systems, to validate the effect of the punctuation marks on the performance of these Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems.
Does the one‐child generation want more than one child at their fertility age?
Authors: Wang Penggang , Zhan Heying Jenny , Liu Jing , Barrett Patricia M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to understand intentions to have more children among reproductive‐age Chinese women who currently have had one child with the goal of understanding the factors influencing Chinese women's fertility intention 2 years after implementation of the universal two‐child policy.BackgroundOn January 1, 2016, the national one‐child policy formally ended in China. Do Chinese women desire to have more than one child? This study brings feminist insight into the Chinese contexts of economic development and patrilocal cultural tradition.MethodThis study used nationally representative data (n = 65,355) from the 2017 China Fertility Survey. Logistic regression was used to explore the determinants of the intention of having more children.ResultsFindings reveal that women from one‐child families are least likely to want additional children. Women's higher income is negatively related to the desire to have more children. Rural residence and having a female firstborn child are correlated with a greater likelihood of desiring additional children.ImplicationsAuthoritative social policies may have changed fertility behaviors for a generation of Chinese families, but removing restrictive fertility policies may not bring about higher fertility rates. New family size norms and family‐friendly social policies may be needed to facilitate higher fertility rates in China.
Microbial traits determine soil C emission in response to fresh carbon inputs in forests across biomes
Authors: Ren Chengjie , Wang Jieying , Bastida Felipe , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Yang Yuanhe , Wang Jun , Zhong Zekun , Zhou Zhenghu , Zhang Shuohong , Guo Yaoxin , Zhou Sha , Wei Gehong , Han Xinhui , Yang Gaihe , Zhao Fazhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil priming is a microbial‐driven process, which determines key soil–climate feedbacks in response to fresh carbon inputs. Despite its importance, the microbial traits behind this process are largely undetermined. Knowledge of the role of these traits is integral to advance our understanding of how soil microbes regulate carbon (C) emissions in forests, which support the largest soil carbon stocks globally. Using metagenomic sequencing and 13C‐glucose, we provide unprecedented evidence that microbial traits explain a unique portion of the variation in soil priming across forest biomes from tropical to cold temperature regions. We show that microbial functional profiles associated with the degradation of labile C, especially rapid simple sugar metabolism, drive soil priming in different forests. Genes involved in the degradation of lignin and aromatic compounds were negatively associated with priming effects in temperate forests, whereas the highest level of soil priming was associated with β‐glucosidase genes in tropical/subtropical forests. Moreover, we reconstructed, for the first time, 42 whole bacterial genomes associated with the soil priming effect and found that these organisms support important gene machinery involved in priming effect. Collectively, our work demonstrates the importance of microbial traits to explain soil priming across forest biomes and suggests that rapid carbon metabolism is responsible for priming effects in forests. This knowledge is important because it advances our understanding on the microbial mechanisms mediating soil–climate feedbacks at a continental scale.
LincRNA‐p21 exon 1 expression correlates with Cdkn1a expression in vivo
Authors: Furuhata Riki , Imasaka Mai , Sugimoto Michihiko , Yoshinobu Kumiko , Araki Masatake , Araki Kimi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLincRNA‐p21 is a long intergenic non‐coding RNA (LincRNA) gene reported to activate the transcription of the adjacent Cdkn1a (p21) gene in cis. The importance of the enhancer elements in the LincRNA‐p21 gene region has also been reported; however, the involvement of the LincRNA‐p21 transcripts in regulating Cdkn1a in vivo is still unclear. In this study, we used a LincRNA‐p21‐trapped mouse line (LincRNA‐p21Gt) in which βgeo was inserted into intron 1, and all enhancer elements were retained. In LincRNA‐p21Gt/Gt mice, the transcription of LincRNA‐p21 was repressed due to the βgeo sequence, and the expression of exon 1 of LincRNA‐p21 was restored through its deletion or replacement by another sequence, and Cdkn1a expression was also upregulated. Furthermore, regardless of the full‐length transcripts, the expression of Cdkn1a correlated with the transcription of the exon 1 of LincRNA‐p21. This result indicates that the LincRNA‐p21 transcripts are not functional, but the transcriptional activity around exon 1 is important for Cdkn1a expression.
Real‐world persistence of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic and episodic migraine: Retrospective real‐world study
Authors: Gladstone Jonathan , Chhibber Sameer , Minhas Jagdeep , Neish Calum S. , Power G. Sarah , Lan Zhiyi , Rochdi Driss , Lanthier‐Martel Jessica , Bastien Natacha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the real‐world treatment persistence (defined as the continuation of medication for the prescribed treatment duration), demographics and clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns for patients prescribed erenumab for migraine prevention in Canada.BackgroundThe effectiveness of prophylactic migraine treatments is often undermined by poor treatment persistence. In clinical trials, erenumab has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability as a preventive treatment, but less is known about the longer term treatment persistence with erenumab.MethodsThis is a real‐world retrospective cohort study where a descriptive analysis of secondary patient data was conducted. Enrollment and prescription data were extracted from a patient support program for a cohort of patients prescribed erenumab in Canada between September 2018 and December 2019 and analyzed for persistence, baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns. Descriptive analyses and unadjusted Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves were used to summarize the persistence and dose escalation/de‐escalation at different timepoints.ResultsData were analyzed for 14,282 patients. Median patient age was 47 years, 11,852 (83.0%) of patients were female, and 9443 (66.1%) had chronic migraine at treatment initiation. Based on KM methods, 71.0% of patients overall were persistent to erenumab 360 days after treatment initiation. Within 360 days of treatment initiation, it is estimated that 59.3% (KM‐derived) of patients who initiated erenumab at 70 mg escalated to 140 mg, and 4.4% (KM‐derived) of patients who initiated at 140 mg de‐escalated to 70 mg.ConclusionsThe majority of patients prescribed erenumab remained persistent for at least a year after treatment initiation, and most patients initiated or escalated to a 140 mg dose. These results suggest that erenumab is well tolerated, and its uptake as a new class of prophylactic treatment for migraine in real‐world clinical practice is not likely to be undermined by poor persistence when coverage for erenumab is easily available.
Hsa‐miRNA‐143‐3p regulates the odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla by targeting NFIC
Authors: Gao Shuo , Ge Li‐Hong , Zhao Yu‐Ming , Li Pei , Li Yao‐yin , Zhao Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of hsa‐miRNA‐143‐3p on the cytodifferentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs) and the post‐transcriptional regulation of Nuclear factor I‐C (NFIC).MethodologymiRNA expression profiles in human immature permanent teeth and during hSCAP differentiation were examined. hSCAPs were treated with miR‐143‐3p overexpression or silencing viruses, and the proliferation and odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of these stem cells, and the involvement of the NFIC pathway, were investigated. Luciferase reporter and NFIC mutant plasmids were used to confirm NFIC mRNA as a direct target of miR‐143‐3p. NFIC expression analysis in the miR‐143‐3p overexpressing hSCAPs was used to investigate whether miR‐143‐3p functioned by targeting NFIC. Student's t‐test and chi‐square tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsmiR‐143‐3p expression was screened by microarray profiling and was found to be significantly reduced during hSCAP differentiation (p < .05). Overexpression of miR‐143‐3p inhibited the mineralization of hSCAPs significantly (p < .05) and downregulated the levels of odontogenic differentiation markers (NFIC [p < .05], DSP [p < .01] and KLF4 [p < .01]), whereas silencing of miR‐143‐3p had the opposite effect. The luciferase reporter gene detection and bioinformatic approaches identified NFIC mRNA as a potential target of miR‐143‐3p. NFIC overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‐143‐3p on the odontogenic differentiation of hSCAPs.ConclusionsmiR‐143‐3p maintained the stemness of hSCAPs and modulated their differentiation negatively by directly targeting NFIC. Thus, inhibition of this miRNA represents a potential strategy to promote the regeneration of damaged tooth roots.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of test output in haemostasis laboratories
Authors: Arisz Ryanne A. , Meijer Piet , Péquériaux Nathalie C.V. , van de Leur Sjef J. , Lukens Michaël V. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Hollestelle Martine J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe high incidence of thrombotic events in patients with COVID‐19 affects health care worldwide and results in an increased workload in haemostasis laboratories due to more frequent testing of D‐dimer, haemostatic parameters and anti‐Xa tests. However, the impact of this increase in assay requests on the quality of performance in haemostasis laboratories remains unclear. In this study, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of performance and management of haemostasis laboratories was evaluated.MethodsThe impact on the quality of performance was studied using external quality assessment data from 2019 to 2020 derived from ECAT surveys. A questionnaire was sent to Dutch haemostasis laboratories to identify challenges and management strategies. Furthermore, the number of assays performed in 2019 and 2020 was supplied by four Dutch hospitals, located in regions with different disease incidence.ResultsNo differences in response rate nor the quality of the measurements were observed between the EQA surveys in 2019 and 2020. The questionnaire results showed a large increase of >25% in the number of test requests for anti‐Xa, D‐dimer and fibrinogen assays in 2020 compared to 2019. Extreme peaks in test requests were also observed in the four evaluated hospitals. Additionally, 84% of the respondents indicated that they had experienced increased work pressure, and increased sick leave was observed in 71% of the participating laboratories.ConclusionsThe enormous increase in test requests, especially for D‐dimer assays and anti‐Xa activity, did not affect the quality of performance within haemostatic laboratories during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Downsizing and Value Creation at General Dynamics: A PE‐Like Solution for Industries That Must Shrink
Authors: Dial Jay , Murphy Kevin J. 
Published: November 2021

Finance theory says that companies in declining industries with excess capacity should transfer capital to other sectors of the economy to preserve value, yet this has proven very difficult for firms in such situations to do. The authors showcase a particularly successful case involving defense contractor General Dynamics and explain why that company was so successful at something very few other companies have achieved.Faced with very poor prospects for the defense industry, GD increased the wealth of its shareholders by more than 500% in the three years from January 1, 1990, when sharp defense spending cuts were confirmed after the end of the Cold War, to January 1993. The downsizing, restructuring, and partial liquidation of General Dynamics was a remarkable economic achievement in three important respects. First, managing effectively in a declining business environment required dramatic changes in traditional corporate policies, particularly compensation policies. Second, GD's operating changes had to be closely coordinated with a series of complicated corporate financial transactions that were unprecedented for GD. Third, senior management had to confront extraordinary public relations, political, and labor union challenges. The successful plan involved providing high‐powered and front‐loaded equity incentives for the (largely new) GD senior management team, asset sales, radically lower capex budgets, sharply higher dividends, and aggressive share repurchases. And although many GD employees lost their jobs (or went to different companies), GD shareholders, including many of those same GD employees, ended up handsomely rewarded.