bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute flaccid paralysis in children in the post certification period of the Republic of Moldova as a country free of wild poliomyelitis
Authors: APOSTOL Mariana 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Monitoring acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a key strategy used by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in assessing the progress towards the global eradication goal.
Material and methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during the years 2002-2017. The current research was carried out within the National Agency for Public Health - Virology Laboratory. The study focused on a period of 15 years (2002-2017), during which the Republic of Moldova was included as a polio-free country.
Results. Thus, over 15 years (2002-2017) there were reported and registered 118 non-polio cases (AFP) on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The data of our study determined the rate of non-polio cases for the period 2002-2017, which ranged between 0.3-2.3 per 100 000 children, cumulatively, the incidence being of 17.9 cases per 100 000 children. The rate of males diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis accounted for 54.2%. Most cases were registered in the Central areas, including Chisinau city (29.7%) and other localities involving the same area 28.8%.
Conclusion. The study results showed that the Republic of Moldova has feasible monitoring of the epidemiological situation on polio, including an action plan for further preventive measures and surveillance of poliomyelitis, where detection, registration and investigation of AFP is the "gold standard" aimed at providing a favourable epidemiological situation.
Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Authors: Cilliers S.S. , Janse van Vuuren S. , Kellner K. , Krüger G.H.J. , Struwig M. , Van Niekerk C.J.G , Siebert S.J. 
Published: April 2021

The Department of Botany on the Potchefstroom Campus (formerly Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education) of the North-West University (NWU) had its centenary in 2020. In this paper we celebrate this milestone by giving an overview of the history of the Department at this campus, including its recent establishment and expansion on the NWU Mahikeng Campus (formerly the University of North-West). A brief overview is presented of the advances in teaching and research over the years, and the development and relevance of the important plant collections in the botanical garden, two herbaria and the national diatom collection. The main emphasis of this contribution is, however, a reflection on the advancement and significance of research conducted by various disciplines on plant and algae function, diversity and ecological restoration over the years. The different disciplines in Botany at NWU, from the oldest to the more recent, are Plant Taxonomy, Plant Ecophysiology, Terrestrial Plant Ecology, Aquatic Sciences, Urban and Settlement Ecology, Geoecology, and Proteomics. Different aspects contributing to changes occurring in the environment, such as pollution, land degradation, urbanisation, overexploitation of resources and the subsequent effect of these on plant diversity and function are especially addressed in our current research. The results of our research inter alia led to solutions for problems occurring in the landscape and contribute to the well-being of the people using the land and water by restoring important ecosystem services.
The Galactic H ii Region Luminosity Function at Radio and Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Mascoop J. L. , Anderson L. D. , Wenger Trey. V. , Makai Z. , Armentrout W. P. , Balser Dana. S. , Bania T. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Galactic H ii region luminosity function (LF) is an important metric for understanding global star formation properties of the Milky Way, but only a few studies have been done, and all use relatively small numbers of H ii regions. We use a sample of 797 first Galactic quadrant H ii regions compiled from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions to examine the form of the LF at multiple infrared and radio wavelengths. Our sample is statistically complete for all regions powered by single stars of type O9.5V and earlier. We fit the LF at each wavelength with single and double power laws. Averaging the results from all wavelengths, the mean of the best-fit single power-law index is 〈α〉 = −1.75 ± 0.01. The mean best-fit double power-law indices are 〈α
1〉 = −1.40 ± 0.03 and 〈α
2〉 = −2.33 ± 0.04. We conclude that neither a single nor a double power law is strongly favored over the other. The LFs show some variation when we separate the H ii region sample into subsets by heliocentric distance, physical size, Galactocentric radius, and location relative to the spiral arms, but blending individual H ii regions into larger complexes does not change the value of the power-law indices of the best-fit LF models. The consistency of the power-law indices across multiple wavelengths suggests that the LF is independent of wavelength. This implies that infrared and radio tracers can be employed in place of Hα.
Core Mass Estimates in Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters Using a Single-halo Lens Model
Authors: González J. D. Remolina , Sharon K. , Li N. , Mahler G. , Bleem L. E. , Gladders M. , Niemiec A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The core mass of galaxy clusters is an important probe of structure formation. Here we evaluate the use of a single-halo model (SHM) as an efficient method to estimate the strong lensing cluster core mass, testing it with ray-traced images from the Outer Rim simulation. Unlike detailed lens models, the SHM represents the cluster mass distribution with a single halo and can be automatically generated from the measured lensing constraints. We find that the projected core mass estimated with this method, M
SHM, has a scatter of 8.52% and a bias of 0.90% compared to the “true” mass within the same aperture. Our analysis shows no systematic correlation between the scatter or bias and the lens-source system properties. The bias and scatter can be reduced to 3.26% and 0.34%, respectively, by excluding models that fail a visual inspection test. We find that the SHM success depends on the lensing geometry, with single giant arc configurations accounting for most of the failed cases due to their limiting constraining power. When excluding such cases, we measure a scatter and bias of 3.88% and 0.84%, respectively. Finally, we find that when the source redshift is unknown, the model-predicted redshifts are overestimated, and the M
SHM is underestimated by a few percent, highlighting the importance of securing spectroscopic redshifts of background sources. Our analysis provides a quantitative characterization of M
SHM, enabling its efficient use as a tool to estimate the strong lensing cluster core masses in the large samples, expected from current and future surveys.
The Peculiar X-Ray Transient Swift J0840.7−3516: An Unusual Low-mass X-Ray Binary or a Tidal Disruption Event?
Authors: Shidatsu Megumi , Iwakiri Wataru , Negoro Hitoshi , Mihara Tatehiro , Ueda Yoshihiro , Kawai Nobuyuki , Nakahira Satoshi , Kennea Jamie A. , Evans Phil A. , Gendreau Keith C. , Enoto Teruaki , Tombesi Francesco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on the X-ray properties of the new transient Swift J0840.7−3516, discovered with Swift/BAT in 2020 February, using extensive data from Swift, MAXI, NICER, and NuSTAR. The source flux increased for ∼103 s after the discovery, decayed rapidly over ∼5 orders of magnitude in five days, and then remained almost constant over nine months. Large-amplitude short-term variations on timescales of 1–104 s were observed throughout the decay. In the initial flux rise, the source showed a hard power-law-shaped spectrum with a photon index of ∼1.0 extending up to ∼30 keV, above which an exponential cutoff was present. The photon index increased in the following rapid decay and became ∼2 at the end of the decay. A spectral absorption feature at 3–4 keV was detected in the decay. It is not straightforward to explain all the observed properties by any known class of X-ray sources. We discuss the possible nature of the source, including a Galactic low-mass X-ray binary with multiple extreme properties and a tidal disruption event by a supermassive black hole or a Galactic neutron star.
Angular Distribution and Polarization of the 3C and 3D Lines Following Electron-impact Excitation of Fe16+ Ions
Authors: Wu Z. W. , Tian Z. Q. , An Y. H. , Dong C. Z. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The electron-impact excitations from the ground state to the excited levels

and

as well as the subsequent radiative decays of neonlike Fe16+ ions have been investigated within the framework of the multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock method and the relativistic distorted-wave theory. Special attention has been paid to emission behaviors of the astrophysically relevant resonance 3C and intercombination 3D lines emitted in the radiative decays of Fe16+ ions. To this end, we calculate the angular distribution and linear polarization of both of the lines for a series of impact electron energies. It is found that the angular and polarization behaviors of the resonance 3C line are nearly the same as those of the intercombination 3D line. Nevertheless, the angular and polarization behaviors of both of the lines are found to be very sensitive to the impact electron energy, especially at low impact energies. Based on such a sensitivity, it is expected that high-precision angular and polarization measurements of the 3C and 3D lines could be served as a tool for revealing detailed information such as electron energy of relevant laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
Tous au charbon ?
Authors: Perdoncin Anton 
Published: April 2021

Au long du xx e siècle les mondes du travail et la condition ouvrière sont travaillés par des lignes de faille nombreuses et croisées, approfondies par l’ampleur des restructurations industrielles et des saignées dans les effectifs ouvriers depuis les années 1970 et 1980. Cet article, consacré à l’exploration des rapports entre inégalités de carrières, mobilités professionnelles et récession économique, propose d’étudier la déstabilisation des mondes ouvriers au prisme des carrières ouvrières. Une démarche prosopographique est mise en œuvre afin d’observer la transformation des carrières d’ouvriers mineurs – français et marocains essentiellement – des Houillères du Bassin du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, de leur création en 1946 à leur fermeture définitive en décembre 1990, au fil de la politique de récession charbonnière.
Ranking the soft skills of the dental profession based on the importance in job performance
Authors: Khajeghyasi Roghayeh Valipour , Liaghatdar Mohammad Javad , Nili Mohammad Reza , Shirazi Mandana 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Soft skills are the key indicators of success and quality of performance in various professions, including the dental profession. The skills are the main tools for enhancing the quality of technical work in Dentistry. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the soft skills in dental profession.

Materials and Methods:
The study employed a mixed methods research. In the qualitative phase, the dental skills were identified using a semi-structured interview with faculty members and dental students. In the quantitative phase, the soft skills were prioritized with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The data analysis was using Expert Choice software.

Results:
The results showed that the dental profession to improve the quality of performance needs to 29 soft skills in six categories. In professional ethics, work ethics (with weight of 0.212) and responsibility (0.188); in artistic skills, handicrafts (0.616); in cognitive skills, decision-making ability (0.290) and spatial thinking (0.249); in communication skills, verbal/nonverbal communication and listening (0.266), and patience (0.240); in individual characteristics, stress management (0.381) and self-esteem (0.260); and finally, in management skills, time management (0.481) are among the most important soft skills in dental profession.

Conclusion:
Identify and prioritize the soft skills can help to improve the quality of performance the dental profession. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate these skills into the dentistry curriculum. Moreover, by increasing the number of studies the essential backgrounds for developing soft skills in dentistry education will be provided.
Effect of accelerated aging and double application on the dentin bond strength of universal adhesive system
Authors: Bahari Mahmoud , Oskoee Siavash Savadi , Chaharom Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi , Kahnamoui Mehdi Abed , Gholizadeh Sarah , Davoodi Farnaz 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Despite the many advantages of simplified adhesive systems, there are concerns about the durability of the adhesive layer over time. The aim was to investigate the effects of various aging methods and double application of an adhesive layer on the bond strength of the universal adhesive system using etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, the occlusal enamel of 120 extracted, intact human third molars was removed to expose the dentin. Then, the samples were randomly divided into four groups of thirty according to All-Bond Universal (ABU) adhesive application strategy (ER and SE) and the number of adhesive layers (1 or 2). Then, each group was subdivided into three subgroups of ten according to aging method (control, thermal cycling, and 10% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl]). The shear bond strength was measured at the strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (P < 0.05).

Results:
The effect of adhesive application strategy (P < 0.001) and aging method (P < 0.001) on the bond strength was statistically significant, but the effect of the double application was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, the interactive effect of adhesive application strategy–aging method was significant (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Using ABU with ER strategy leads to higher dentin bond strength compared to the SE method in the control and thermal cycling groups. However, no significant differences were observed between ER and SE strategies after aging with the NaOCl. Furthermore, the double application might not have any effect on the bond strength and durability.
Effect of Rāja yoga Meditation on Psychological and Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Chalageri Ekta , Vishwakarma Gayatri , Ranjan Randhir Lal , Govindaraj Ramajayam , Chhabra Harvinder Singh 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder with dysfunction in daily activities and psychological consequences like anxiety as well as depression impacting the quality of life substantially. Existing treatments focus mainly on rehabilitation, symptom reduction, and secondary complications. However, psychological, social, and existential issues are least addressed in the prevailing models.

Aims:
To study the role of meditation in addressing psychological impairment and any resultant improvement in functional outcomes in SCI patients.

Methods:
Nonrandomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care center for SCI patients. Hospital inpatients were recruited into either experimental intervention group (add on easy rāja yoga with conventional rehabilitation-ER n = 50) or control intervention group (conventional rehabilitation alone-CR n = 50). Patients in the ER group received easy rāja yoga for 1 month, along with conventional rehabilitation and the CR group patients received only conventional rehabilitation. All the subjects were assessed for psychological (perceived stress scale [PSS], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) and functional impairment (spinal cord independence measure (SCIM), numeric pain rating (NPR) and WHO quality of life-BRIEF (WHOQOLBREF)] at baseline and after 1 month.

Results:
After 1 month of add-on easy rāja yoga, there was significant decrease in the scores of HADS (F[1,88] = 272.92, P < 0.001), PSS (F[1,88] = 274.41, P < 0.001) and NPR (F[1,88] = 60.60, P < 0.001) and significant increase in the scores of WHOQOLBREF (F[1,88] = 349.94, P < 0.001) and SCIM (F[1,88] = 29.09, P < 0.001) in the ER group compared to CR group in analysis of covariance.

Conclusion:
One-month add-on easy rāja yoga improves psychological and functional outcomes (HADS, PSS, NPR, WHOQOLBREF and SCIM) in patients with SCI. Future studies with robust designs are needed to validate the results.
Effect of Yogasana Intervention on Standing Balance Performance among People with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Kanjirathingal Jinny P. , Mullerpatan Rajani P. , Nehete Girish , Raghuram Nagarathna 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is known to cause impaired balance and eventually increased risk of fall. Yogasanas characterized by slow, gentle transitions into postures with a varying base of support and focus on body awareness during movement hold potential for training balance control. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate effect of structured Yogasana intervention compared to conventional balance exercise on static and dynamic balance performance among people with diabetic neuropathy.

Methods
: Thirty-five people with DPN aged 42–70 years were recruited to Yogasana intervention group (n = 11), conventional balance exercises group (n = 10), and Control group (n = 14) following ethical approval. All participants were evaluated at baseline and post 12-week intervention on star excursion balance test, single-limb stance test, and center of pressure (CoP) excursion for balance performance, Modified fall efficacy scale for fear of falls and lower extremity strength using chair stand test and step-up test.

Results:
Balance performance (static and dynamic measured by star excursion balance test, single-limb stance test, and CoP excursion, lower extremity strength (using chair stand test and step-up test) demonstrated improvement and fear of fall reduced among Yogasana intervention group (p = 0.05) and conventional balance exercises group (p = 0.05) post 12-week intervention. CoP excursion increased in the control group indicating deterioration in balance performance after 12 weeks (p = 0.05). Post hoc comparison revealed that Yogasana intervention was marginally more effective in improving static and dynamic balance performance compared to conventional balance exercises in all variables of standing balance performance (p = 0.025).

Conclusion:
Yogasana and conventional balance exercises were effective in improving static and dynamic balance performance, lower extremity muscle strength, and reducing fear of fall among people with DPN. Yogasana intervention demonstrated marginally greater improvement in static and dynamic balance performance and lower extremity muscle strength compared to conventional exercise.
Tele-Yoga Therapy for Common Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Jagannathan Aarti , Bhide Shree Raksha , Varambally Shivarama , Chandra Prabha S. , Gangadhar B. N. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Tele-yoga is a cost-effective method of teaching yoga using cloud technology to relay from one source (trainer's venue) to multi-point video conferencing centers (participants' homes). However, there is a need to assess the tele-yoga trainer and the training itself to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Materials and Methods:
The Tele-Yoga Trainers Assessment (TYTA) tool was developed through (a) review of existing tools, (b) key informant interviews, and (c) validation by experts. It was tested for its feasibility in six persons with common mental disorders. A trained yoga therapist conducted tele-yoga therapy sessions which was webcast from NIMHANS Integrated Center for Yoga to NIMHANS Center for Well-Being for the first 15 days and to the respective homes of the participants using “Skype” in the remaining 15 days. Participants were assessed on (a) mental well-being, (b) satisfaction with overall health and were administered the (c) TYTA tool on the 1st, 15th, and 30th day.

Results:
The TYTA was easy to administer for assessing the performance of the yoga trainer. The qualitative case reports of individual participants depicted that over 30 days, mental well-being and satisfaction with overall health improved trainer's performance.

Conclusion:
Tele-yoga therapy is feasible with minimum technology and availability of good internet access at the relay and reception site. The trainer must be assessed for his/her suitability and be provided guidelines for achieving desired outcomes.
Estimation of Gestational Age by Ultrasound Measurement of Fetal Transcerebellar Diameter
Authors: Cinnusamy Maheswari , Shastri Deepti , Martina Josephine Arokia 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Transcerebellar diameter (TCD) normogram predicts gestational age (GA) with an accuracy of 94% in the third trimester. The study aims to evaluate the application and accuracy of Transcerebellar diameter in determining the GA of the fetus and Its Correlation.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional prospective study conducted to determine the different antenatal ultrasound examinations were performed in 100 normal healthy pregnant with single fetus women having between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation.

Results:
Mothers mean GA on ultrasound was 28.4 ± 0.75 (27–30.2) weeks. The mean fetal biometry parameters including biparietal diameter (BPD) was 73 ± 2.3 mm (67–80), head circumference (HC) was 264 ± 8.7 mm (237.8–311), abdominal circumference (AC) was 244 ± 8.9 mm (226.6–265.9), femur length (FL) was 55 ± 2.1 mm (49.5–59.6), fetal heart rate was 149 ± 8.5 beats (121–175). The mean transcerebellar (TCD) measurement was 31 ± 1.1 mm. The correlation coefficient between the period of gestation and TCD was found to be 0.99 at 27–30 weeks which was statistically significant (P < 0.001) (r > 0.99).

Discussion and Conclusion:
From the present study, it was observed that the TCD increases linearly with GA. The correlation between GA and the GA by TCD seems to increase from 28 to 30 weeks. There is a good correlation between GA derived from TCD and from established biometric indices like BPD, HC, AC, and femur length.
Analysis of Vertical Forces in Children with down's Syndrome by Using Emed® Capacitance-Based Pressure Platform
Authors: Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Gannamaneni Vamsi Krishna , Kakaraparthi Lalitha 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
This study aimed to analyze the vertical forces functioning under the plantar surface of the feet in children with and without Down's syndrome (DS) during walking using a capacitance-based pressure platform (emed®).

Material and Methods:
This is an observational study on 10 individuals with DS, (Group I) and 10 children without DS (Group II), aged 8–15 years. Both the groups were evaluated while standing on a capacitance-based pressure platform. Maximum force, peak pressure, contact time, and contact area parameters were assessed for both right and left foot. In this study, we assessed and compared these parameters in both the groups.

Results:
The results showed that the foot-ground interaction forces varied between the two groups. In particular, parameters such as maximum force, peak pressure, and contact area were statistically significant, where no significant difference was found concerning the contact time parameter.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The capacitance-based pressure platform (emed®) must be considered an essential evaluation tool for assessing vertical forces associated with children with DS. Thus, organizing regular monitoring of foot-ground reaction forces during the early years in DS children is suggested to prevent potential complications associated and decrease the probability of mobility impairments in adulthood.