bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size and resin fractionations of dissolved organic matter and characteristics of disinfection by-product precursors in a pilot-scale constructed wetland
Authors: Pi Jiachang , Zhu Guangcan , Liu Lianqing , Wang Chuya , Yang Zhonglian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Controlling the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is a major issue in the drinking water industry, and understanding the characteristics of DBP precursors in treatment processes for micro-polluted raw water is key to improving water quality. In this study, a sampling program was undertaken to investigate the fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the characteristics of DBP precursors in a pilot constructed wetland imitating the Yanlong Lake ecological project. Using XAD resin adsorption and ultrafiltration techniques, the dissolved organic carbon, UV254, and DBP formation potential (DBPFP) were measured in different DOM fractions in raw water and wetland effluents. After the constructed wetland treatment, the low molecular weight fraction (&lt;3 kDa) of DOM and DBPFP generally showed a decreasing trend along the water path, while the high molecular weight fraction (&gt;3 kDa) of DOM increased. The specific DBPFP (SDBPFP) was much higher in the &lt;1 kDa fraction than in the other fractions. Although the hydrophobic fraction of DOM was the most abundant in all stages of the wetland treatment, the SDBPFP of the hydrophilic fraction was higher than that of the hydrophobic fraction. Furthermore, compared with raw water, the DOC, UV254 and DBPFP in the treated wetland effluents increased; however, all of the chemical DOM fractions exhibited decreased SDBPFP in accordance with a decrease in the specific ultraviolet absorbance during wetland treatment. These conclusions indicate that the DOM produced by the wetland system may generate DBPs less readily compared with the DOM of raw water.
Influence of water quality on the diversity of macroinvertebrates in the Mandakini River in India
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kumari Rama , Prasad Chandi , Deep Akash , Singh Neetu , Namtak Stanzin , Tiwari Vijayta , Merugu Ramchander , Mohapatra Swati , Singh Ravindra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research work was carried out from July 2018 to June 2019. WQI method was utilized to examine the seasonal changes in water quality that can indicate the potential use of water in the future. Water samples were tested from three locations along the Mandakini River. Fourteen physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. All water quality parameters were inside the admissible furthest reaches of the WHO for drinking water except turbidity, especially in the monsoon season. Twelve taxa of macroinvertebrates (Philopotamus sp., Laptophlebia sp., Isoperla sp., Diploperla sp., Tabanus sp., Hydropsyche sp., Baetis sp., Glossosoma sp., Heptagenia sp., Ephemerella sp., Psephenus sp., and Protandrous sp.) were identified in the Mandakini River. The fundamental goal of this investigation was to evaluate the seasonal effects on benthic macroinvertebrate diversity from the physicochemical variables of the Mandakini River. The study also affirmed that tourist-generated waste disposal and poisonous and dangerous chemicals from farming are the key components liable for the deterioration of water quality during the monsoon season.
Water quota system in China: problems and countermeasures
Authors: Zhao Ziyang , Wang Hongrui , Gong Shuxin , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Water resources are the foundation of economic development, social progress and ecological security, and water shortage is the primary problem facing China. Water quotas have great practical significance for the resolution of water shortages to achieve sustainable use of water resources and sustainable development of the national economy. In this study, to analyse the problems and countermeasures of the water quota system in China, the water quota system progress domestically and abroad, the water quota problem in China, and the countermeasures for the water quota problem are summarized. The data validity test, spatial correlation test and consistency test are used to test the rationality of water use quota. And the specific countermeasures are presented: improving the water quota system, defining its concept, and revising its scheme, etc. This study provides the support to standardize water quotas and implement the effective water conservation policies of China.
Synergistic photocatalytic activity of a combination of carbon nanotubes-graphene-nickel foam nanocomposites enhanced by dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology for water purification
Authors: Xu Qihui , Fang Shuaikang , Chen Yin , Park Jae Kwang , Pan Chao , Shen Yongjun , Zhu Na , Wu Huifang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Degradation activity of plasma catalysis between dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and carbon nanotubes-graphene-nickel foam (CNTs-G-Nif) has been studied in treatment of dye wastewater. CNTs-G-Nif was prepared through a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. The composite has been characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. SEM results showed that the Nif as the growth substrate was evenly wrapped by G and then CNTs were successfully grown on G as the support. The growth mechanism of composite was proposed. The possible coupled catalytic mechanism between DBD and CNTs-G-Nif were addressed. In addition, the modification on G-Nif was found by SEM during the discharge process in liquid phase. And the modification mechanism of DBD plasma (DBDP) acting on composites was discussed. Finally, by means of analyses of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the general degradation pathway and stepwise degradation pathways of alizarin green (AG) were proposed in detail.
Epidemiological Aspects of Dietary Supplement use among Saudi Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abdel-Salam Doaa M. , Alruwaili Jumanah M. , Alshalan Raghad A. , Alruwaili Taghreed A. , Alanazi Shrouq A. , Lotfy Alshimaa M. Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Background:Dietary supplement use received wide attention and interest throughout the world, particularly in Gulf countries, because of advanced economic and industrial growth.Objective:The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of dietary supplement use among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.Methods:For this cross-sectional study, an anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 381 medical students, 366 answered the questionnaire with a response rate of 96%. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program, version 24. Statistical significance was considered at P values <0.05.Results:Regarding the prevalence of dietary supplement use, 36.3% (n=133) and 29.5% (n=108) of the respondents were previous and current users of dietary supplements, respectively. Multivitamins and vitamin D were the most prevalent dietary supplements used by the participants. The students reported that the internet was the main source of knowledge concerning dietary supplements. The significant predictors of dietary supplement use in the logistic regression analysis were: age >21 years (odds ratio (OR): 3.26; confidence interval (CI): 1.67-10.53), females sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.23; confidence interval (CI): 2.34-6.84), and being in the third academic year or more (odds ratio (OR): 2.58; confidence interval (CI): 1.82-5.37). The most reported reasons for utilizing dietary supplements were nutritional supplementation and health promotion. Nearly three-quarters of the students agreed that dietary supplementation is good for health and recommended others to use them after doctor recommendation.Conclusion:Dietary supplement use was remarkably high among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Consumption of dietary supplements increased significantly among older students, females, and those in the third academic year or more. This study recommends other studies involving students from non-health domain colleges to detect if there is a difference in the prevalence of dietary supplement use within this population.
Research on the Method and Application of MapReduce in Mobile Track Big Data Mining
Authors: Liang Shaoyu 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Mass movement trajectory data with real scenarios has been evolved with
big data mining to solve the data redundancy problem.

Methods:
This paper proposes a parallel path based on the Map Reduce compression method, using
two kinds of piecewise point mutual crisscross, the classified method of trajectory, and then segment
trajectory distribution to multiple nodes to parallelize the compression.

Results:
Finally, the results based on both compression methods have been simulated for the different
real-time data by merging both techniques.

Conclusion:
The performance test results show that the parallel trajectory compression method proposed
in this paper can greatly improve the compression efficiency and completely eliminate the
error caused by the failure of the correlation between the segments.
centro de governo brasileiro e o desafio de coordenar o monitoramento e a avaliação de políticas públicas:
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia Álvares de Azevedo 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a implementação do Comitê de Monitoramento e Avaliação de Políticas Públicas (CMAP) no período de 2016 a 2017, quando presidiam o país Dilma Roussef (1ª. Fase) e Michel Temer (2ª. Fase), sob o aporte teórico de Capano, Howlett e Hamesh (2015), que propõem uma nova forma de pensar governança em políticas públicas. O arranjo, formado por quatro ministérios pertencentes ao Centro de Governo brasileiro, instituído para coordenar o monitoramento e a avaliação de um grupo seleto de políticas públicas, programas e ações do Poder Executivo federal, tinha como objetivos o aperfeiçoamento dessas políticas para que alcançassem melhores resultados e o aprimoramento da alocação de recursos públicos. Pretendeu-se, por meio do estudo da dinâmica da governança do arranjo, da sua natureza estratégica e da sua capacidade, avaliar os impactos da sua atuação nas políticas avaliadas pelo Comitê ao longo das duas fases. Este texto traz uma reflexão sobre as possíveis causas para o sucesso ou o fracasso na atuação do Comitê em cada um dos programas avaliados, de forma a contribuir com a discussão sobre o papel da coordenação executiva na avaliação de políticas públicas.
Clinical Decision Support for Traumatic Brain Injury: Identifying a Framework for Practical Model-Based Intracranial Pressure Estimation at Multihour Timescales
Authors: Stroh J N , Bennett Tellen D , Kheyfets Vitaly , Albers David 
Published: January 2021

Background
The clinical mitigation of intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain injury requires timely knowledge of intracranial pressure to avoid secondary injury or death. Noninvasive intracranial pressure (nICP) estimation that operates sufficiently fast at multihour timescales and requires only common patient measurements is a desirable tool for clinical decision support and improving traumatic brain injury patient outcomes. However, existing model-based nICP estimation methods may be too slow or require data that are not easily obtained.

Objective
This work considers short- and real-time nICP estimation at multihour timescales based on arterial blood pressure (ABP) to better inform the ongoing development of practical models with commonly available data.

Methods
We assess and analyze the effects of two distinct pathways of model development, either by increasing physiological integration using a simple pressure estimation model, or by increasing physiological fidelity using a more complex model. Comparison of the model approaches is performed using a set of quantitative model validation criteria over hour-scale times applied to model nICP estimates in relation to observed ICP.

Results
The simple fully coupled estimation scheme based on windowed regression outperforms a more complex nICP model with prescribed intracranial inflow when pulsatile ABP inflow conditions are provided. We also show that the simple estimation data requirements can be reduced to 1-minute averaged ABP summary data under generic waveform representation.

Conclusions
Stronger performance of the simple bidirectional model indicates that feedback between the systemic vascular network and nICP estimation scheme is crucial for modeling over long intervals. However, simple model reduction to ABP-only dependence limits its utility in cases involving other brain injuries such as ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additional methodologies and considerations needed to overcome these limitations are illustrated and discussed.
Pengaruh Coaching Support Terhadap Kepatuhan Penderita Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Sulistyana Caturia Sasti 
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang: Salah satu langkah yang sangat penting untuk kelangsungan hidup penderita Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) yaitu pengaturan diet secara tepat dan pembatasan cairan. Penderita CKD yang tidak patuh dapat berisiko akan mengalami kelebihan volume cairan di dalam tubuh yang dapat mengancam nyawa. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh coaching support terhadap kepatuhan penderita Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) di RS Adi Husada Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experiment dengan desain pretest posttest with control group design. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 40 penderita CKD dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Coaching support diberikan kepada kelompok perlakuan selama dua minggu empat pertemuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik yaitu Paired t-Test dan Independent t-Test dengan signifikansi p<0,05.Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan kepatuhan yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan dengan p-value = 0,000. Intervensi coaching support efektif terhadap kepatuhan penderita CKD. Pelaksanaan coaching support berlangsung dengan baik karena responden dan keluarga proaktif. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh antara coaching support terhadap kepatuhan penderita CKD. Coaching support sebaiknya diterapkan oleh perawat sebagai daily activity manajemen penderita CKD pada stadium dini supaya menghambat progresivitas kerusakan ginjal sehingga penderita tidak jatuh pada stadium lanjut.
La Iglesia católica y los recuerdos de la Campaña Nacional
Authors: Méndez Alfaro Rafael Ángel 
Published: January 2021

El artículo que se presenta ofrece al lector una panorámica general sobre las percepciones que ha tenido la Iglesia católica costarricense sobre el tema de la Campaña Nacional, así como de la figura del héroe nacional Juan Santamaría. Explora preliminarmente la coyuntura 1856-1857 en función del papel desempeñado de forma oficial por la jerarquía eclesiástica del país, de igual modo, recupera las intervenciones y posturas que asumió la dirigencia eclesial en las décadas finales del siglo XIX, momento en que se presenta un interés explícito por parte de las autoridades del Estado costarricense por recuperar de modo sistemático las imágenes de la Campaña Nacional y del héroe alajuelense.
Diversity of Signing Auditors and Audit Quality
Authors: He Chang , Li Chao Kevin , Monroe Gary S. , Si Yi 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
Using data for listed firms in China, where two auditors sign the audit report, we examine whether the diversity of signing auditors' characteristics affects audit quality. We find a positive association between diversity and audit quality, consistent with the notion that diversity facilitates team performance. Further analyses show there is a stronger association between cognitive, rather than demographic, diversity of signing auditors and audit quality. Our results are robust to the inclusion of client firm and engagement auditor fixed effects. Cross-sectional results indicate stronger effects of the cognitive diversity of signing auditors on audit quality in complex, opaque, less important clients or firms without industry specialist auditors. Findings from our study suggest that audit firms should allocate staff to audit teams in a manner that results in cognitively diverse audit teams because such teams are more likely to deliver high quality audits.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Preparing Accountants of the Future: Five Ways Business Schools Struggle to Meet the Needs of the Profession
Authors: Pasewark William R. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIn the past few years, the demand for accountants has decreased significantly. Much of the decrease can be explained by offshoring and use of robotic and automated cognitive processes. To prepare for changing needs of the financial community, several groups have identified professional competencies they believe will be needed by future accounting professionals. The intent of this commentary is to illustrate changes in the profession and emphasize how academic institutions might preemptively address those needs. I discuss five ways business schools have struggled to meet the needs of the accounting profession. These include obstacles related to (1) developing competency-based curricula, (2) formulating reliable indicators of student performance, (3) offering convenient delivery of educational services, (4) delivering economical tuition value, and (5) providing meaningful opportunities for lifelong learning. I conclude by suggesting ways academic institutions might improve their value to the accounting profession.
Information Quality and Workplace Safety
Authors: Hope Ole-Kristian , Wang Danye , Yue Heng , Zhao Jianyu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the effect of internal information quality on workplace safety. Using establishment-level data on workplace injuries from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and employing a strict fixed-effects structure, we show that higher information quality is associated with significantly lower work-related injury rates. Further investigation reveals that the effect is stronger when more decision rights reside in headquarters, weaker when employees have greater bargaining power, and weaker when firms are subject to financial constraints. Our findings are robust to the use of two plausibly exogenous shocks and other robustness checks. Our study suggests an important economic consequence of information quality not examined by prior literature.
الكلمة والجملة في اللغة العربية
Authors: Munawwir Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

يبحث هذا البحث في الكلمة والجملة في اللغة العربية وأنواعهما، إذ يتركز على شيئين: 1) ما هي الكلمة وما تقسيماتها، و2) ما هي الجملة وما تقسيماتها. وكان البحث بحثا مكتبيا معتمدا على الكتب والمراجع الأخرى. فالكلمة لفظ يدل على معنى مفرد، وهي تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أقسام؛ اسم وفعل وحرف. أما الجملة أو الكلام فهي ما تركب من كلمتين أو أكثر، وله معنى مفيد مستقل. والجملة تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أقسام؛ الجملة الأصلية والجملة الكبرى والجملة الصغرى.
Influência dos acidentes e dos procedimentos intra-hospitalares no óbito
Authors: Andrade Menolli Gisele , Penha Martins Eleine Aparecida 
Published: January 2021

Identificar a influência da gravidade do trauma e do atendimento intra-hospitalar no óbito, em vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos. Estudo transversal, quantitativo com 31 vítimas encaminhadas para o Hospital no norte do Paraná, entre dezembro de 2016 e março de 2017. 80,6% das vítimas eram homens, 48,4% das ocorrências aconteceram durante o dia. As escalas de trauma, Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS) e Injury Severity Score (ISS) evidenciaram escores leves com baixo risco de morte. Houve associação entre gravidade do trauma e óbito, chegaram ao hospital com imobilizações corporais 61,3%; o protocolo de atendimento ao trauma foi utilizado em 45,2% dos casos; a cirurgia ortopédica compreendeu 43,4%; houve associação das cirurgias com o desfecho óbito; 90,3% das vítimas não tiveram infecção. A gravidade do trauma e cirurgias tiveram associação com o desfecho óbito, todas as vítimas de trauma devem ser atendidas conforme protocolo.
Amygdalin isolated from Amygdalus mongolica protects against hepatic fibrosis in rats
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhou Hongbing , Wu Tong , Wu Peisai , Liu Quanli , Shi Songli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of amygdalin on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Amygdalin was purified and identified from the seeds of Amygdalus mongo lica. Sprague Dawley rats in the control and model groups were administered water. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the low-, middle-, and high-dose amygdalin groups that received 20, 40, and 80 mg kg−1 amygdalin, respectively. whereas the silymarin group was treated with 50 mg kg−1 silymarin. The control and model groups were administered water. Liver tissue analysis revealed significantly lower activities of ALT, AST, ALP, SOD, and MDA in the drug-treated groups compared to the model group. Serum analysis revealed significantly lower HYC and C-IV in the middle-dose amygdalin-treated group compared to the model group. The histopathological changes were less severe in the drug-treated groups as observed by the formation of pseudolobuli and decreased collagen fiber deposition. Hepatic fibrosis-related genes were expressed at significantly lower levels in the amygdalin-treated groups than in the model group. Amygdalin from A. mongolica represents a therapeutic candidate for hepatic fibrosis prevention and treatment.
Determination of carbohydrates in the herbal antidiabetic mixtures by GC-MC
Authors: Savych Alona , Marchyshyn Svitlana , Milian Ivanna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Due to the wide range of biologically active substances, the herbal mixtures can influence the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Carbohydrates attract particular attention due to their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxifying activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of carbohydrates through their monomeric composition in the herbal mixture samples: a) Urtica dioica leaf, Cichorium intybus roots, Rosa majalis fruits, Elymys repens rhizome, Taraxacum officinale roots, b) Arctium lappa roots, Elymys repens rhizome, Zea mays columns with stigmas, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa majalis fruits, c) Inula helenium rhizome with roots, Helichrysi arenarium flowers, Zea mays columns with stigmas, Origanum vulgare herb, Rosa majalis fruits, Taraxacum officinale roots, d) Cichorium intybus roots, Elymys repens rhizome, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa majalis fruits, Zea mays columns with stigmas and e) Urtica dioica leaf, Taraxacum officinale roots, Vaccinium myrtillus leaf, Rosa majalis fruits, Mentha piperita herb, which were used in Ukrainian folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
The carbohydrates were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile aldononitrile acetate derivatives. The monomeric composition of polysaccharides was studied after their hydrolysis to form monosaccharides and poly-alcohols.
Quantitative analyses of free carbohydrates showed that the predominant sugars were fructose, glucose and disaccharide – sucrose, in all samples. Concerning the determination of polysaccharide monomers after hydrolysis, glucose was the most abundant in all samples. The chromatographic study revealed a number of polyalcohols that are important for the treatment and prevention of progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications, namely, mannitol, pinitol and myo-inositol.