bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Aptian marine osmium isotopic record of Ontong Java Nui activity
Authors: Matsumoto Hironao , Coccioni Rodolfo , Frontalini Fabrizio , Shirai Kotaro , Jovane Luigi , Trindade Ricardo , Savian Jairo F. , Tejada Maria Luisa G. , Gardin Silvia , Kuroda Junichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe early to mid-Aptian was punctuated by episodic phases of organic-carbon burial in various oceanographic settings, which are possibly related to massive volcanism associated with the emplacement of the Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Hikurangi oceanic plateaus in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, inferred to have formed a single plateau called Ontong Java Nui. Sedimentary osmium (Os) isotopic compositions are one of the best proxies for determining the timing of voluminous submarine volcanic episodes. However, available Os isotopic records during the age are limited to a narrow interval in the earliest Aptian, which is insufficient for the reconstruction of long-term hydrothermal activity. We document the early to mid-Aptian Os isotopic record using pelagic Tethyan sediments deposited in the Poggio le Guaine (Umbria-Marche Basin, Italy) to precisely constrain the timing of massive volcanic episodes and to assess their impact on the marine environment. Our new Os isotopic data reveal three shifts to unradiogenic values, two of which correspond to black shale horizons in the lower to mid-Aptian, namely the Wezel (herein named) and Fallot Levels. These Os isotopic excursions are ascribed to massive inputs of unradiogenic Os to the ocean through hydrothermal activity. Combining the new Os isotopic record with published data from the lowermost Aptian organic-rich interval in the Gorgo a Cerbara section of the Umbria-Marche Basin, it can be inferred that Ontong Java Nui volcanic eruptions persisted for ∼5 m.y. during the early to mid-Aptian.
New onset headache caused by histiocytic sarcoma of the spinal cord and leptomeninges: a case report
Authors: Silsby Matthew , Varikatt Winny , Vucic Steve , Menon Parvathi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHeadache due to raised intracranial pressure is rarely caused by spinal lesions. We describe a patient with primary histiocytic sarcoma who presented with a new onset headache with features of raised intracranial pressure and subtle signs of cauda equina syndrome due to predominant lower spinal cord infiltration and minimal intracranial involvement.CaseA previously well 54-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of new onset headache with features of raised intracranial pressure. Progression of lower limb weakness was delayed and mild with diagnostic delay resulting from the primary presentation with headache leading to an initial focus on cerebral pathology. Subsequent investigations revealed a previously unreported presentation of primary histiocytic sarcoma infiltrating the cauda equina causing raised intracranial pressure headache.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of a broad search in the investigation of new onset raised intracranial pressure headache, including imaging of the lower spinal cord. Primary histiocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this rare syndrome.
Comparing and determining factors associated with hypertension self-care profiles of patients in two multi-ethnic Asian countries: cross-sectional studies between two study populations
Authors: Wee Sabrina Yi-Mei , Salim Hani , Mawardi Maliza , Koh Yi Ling Eileen , Ali Hanifatiyah , Shariff Ghazali Sazlina , Lee Ping Yein , Ching Siew Mooi , Shamsuddin Nurainul Hana , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the sociodemography, disease characteristics and hypertension self-care profiles and to determine the factors influencing Hypertension Self-Care Profiles (HTN-SCP) in two populations in primary care settings from Singapore and Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional, cross national.SettingMulti-centre, primary care clinics Malaysia and Singapore.Participants1123 adults with hypertension enrolled and analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresComparison between sociodemography, disease characteristics and the mean scores of HTN-SCP domains (behaviour, motivation and self-efficacy) and the factors influencing hypertension self-care.Results1123 adults with hypertension attending primary care clinics in Malaysia and Singapore were involved. The participants’ mean age was 63.6 years (SD 9.7) in Singapore and 60.4 (SD 9.1) in Malaysia. Most of the participants in Singapore had tertiary education (22.3%) compared with Malaysia (13.0%), p<0.001. A higher proportion of participants from Singapore had controlled blood pressure (74.6%) compared with Malaysia (33.8%), p<0.001. The mean total score of HTN-SCP was significantly higher among Singapore participants compared with Malaysia participants 190 (SD 28) versus 184 (SD 23) (p<0.001). Similarly, the mean score for motivation domain 67 (SD 10) versus 65 (SD 9), followed by self-efficacy score 65 (SD 11) versus 62 (SD 9) and behaviour score (58 SD 9 vs 56 SD 9) were higher among Singapore participants. In both countries, the factors which influenced higher HTN-SCP mean scores across all domains were being Indian and had tertiary education.ConclusionsThe study population in Singapore had a higher HTN-SCP mean score compared with Malaysia. The common factors influencing higher HTN-SCP mean scores at both study sites were ethnicity and level of education. Future intervention to improve self-care among people with hypertension may need to be tailored to their behaviour, motivation and self-efficacy levels.
Primary care professionals’ attitudes towards digital health interventions for common mental disorders: study protocol for a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Hanf Maria , Hirt Julian , van den Akker Marjan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMental disorders such as depression are common, and an estimated 264 million people are affected by them throughout the world. In recent years, studies on digital health interventions to treat mental disorders have shown evidence of their efficacy, and interest in using them has increased as a result. In the primary care setting, depression and anxiety are the two most frequently diagnosed and treated mental disorders. When they do not refer them to specialists, primary care professionals such as general practitioners treat patients with mental disorders themselves but have insufficient time to treat them adequately. Furthermore, there is a shortage of psychotherapists and those that exist have long waiting lists for an appointment. The purpose of this mixed methods systematic review is to explore the attitudes of primary care professionals towards the use of digital health interventions in the treatment of patients with mental disorders. Their attitudes will provide an indication whether digital mental health interventions can effectively complement standard care in the primary care setting.Methods and analysisWe searched for qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies published in English, German, Spanish, Russian, French and Dutch after January 2010 for inclusion in the review. The included studies must involve digital mental health interventions conducted via computer and/or mobile devices in the primary care setting. The search was conducted in July 2020 in the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core Collection. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts and extract data. We will use the ‘Integrated methodology’ framework to combine both quantitative and qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. We will disseminate the results of the mixed methods systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal and scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020188879.
Blood pressure and cardiac output during caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Michelsen Trond Melbye , Tronstad Christian , Rosseland Leiv Arne 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe have previously established a method to measure transfer of nutrients between mother, placenta and fetus in vivo. The method includes measurements of maternal and fetal blood flow by Doppler ultrasound prior to spinal anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia affects maternal blood pressure and cardiac output. We aimed to determine the effect of spinal anaesthesia in mothers undergoing an elective caesarean section on blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output, and whether cardiac output levels were comparable before induction of spinal anaesthesia and before delivery.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary hospital in Norway.Participants76 healthy women with uneventful pregnancies undergoing an elective caesarean section.InterventionsWe induced spinal anaesthesia with a standard prevention of hypotension including intravenous fluid coloading and phenylephrine infusion.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was maternal cardiac output, and secondary outcome measures were invasive systolic blood pressure and heart rate. We measured heart rate and blood pressure by continuous invasive monitoring with a cannula in the radial artery. Cardiac output was estimated based on continuous arterial waveform. We compared maternal parameters 30 s before induction of spinal anaesthesia to 30 s before delivery.ResultsMedian age at delivery was 34.5 (range 21–43) years and 17 of 76 women were nulliparous. The most prevalent indications were previous caesarean section and maternal request. Among 76 included women, 71 had sufficient data for analysis of endpoints. Median cardiac output was 6.51 (IQR (5.56–7.54) L/min before spinal anaesthesia and 6.40 (5.83–7.56) L/min before delivery (p=0.40)). Median invasive systolic blood pressure increased from 128.5 (120.1–142.7) mm Hg to 134.1 (124.0–146.6) mm Hg (p=0.014), and mean heart rate decreased from 86.0 (SD 13.9) to 75.2 (14.2) (p<0.001).ConclusionsMaternal cardiac output at the time of caesarean delivery is comparable to levels before induction of spinal anaesthesia.Trial registration numberNCT00977769.
Ascertaining Framingham heart failure phenotype from inpatient electronic health record data using natural language processing: a multicentre Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) validation study
Authors: Moore Carlton R , Jain Saumya , Haas Stephanie , Yadav Harish , Whitsel Eric , Rosamand Wayne , Heiss Gerardo , Kucharska-Newton Anna M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesUsing free-text clinical notes and reports from hospitalised patients, determine the performance of natural language processing (NLP) ascertainment of Framingham heart failure (HF) criteria and phenotype.Study designA retrospective observational study design of patients hospitalised in 2015 from four hospitals participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study was used to determine NLP performance in the ascertainment of Framingham HF criteria and phenotype.SettingFour ARIC study hospitals, each representing an ARIC study region in the USA.ParticipantsA stratified random sample of hospitalisations identified using a broad range of International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, diagnostic codes indicative of an HF event and occurring during 2015 was drawn for this study. A randomly selected set of 394 hospitalisations was used as the derivation dataset and 406 hospitalisations was used as the validation dataset.InterventionUse of NLP on free-text clinical notes and reports to ascertain Framingham HF criteria and phenotype.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNLP performance as measured by sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value (PPV) and agreement in ascertainment of Framingham HF criteria and phenotype. Manual medical record review by trained ARIC abstractors was used as the reference standard.ResultsOverall, performance of NLP ascertainment of Framingham HF phenotype in the validation dataset was good, with 78.8%, 81.7%, 84.4% and 80.0% for sensitivity, specificity, PPV and agreement, respectively.ConclusionsBy decreasing the need for manual chart review, our results on the use of NLP to ascertain Framingham HF phenotype from free-text electronic health record data suggest that validated NLP technology holds the potential for significantly improving the feasibility and efficiency of conducting large-scale epidemiologic surveillance of HF prevalence and incidence.
Retrospective analysis of infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Mycoplasma genitalium among pregnant women in the southwestern USA
Authors: Stafford Irene A , Hummel Kelsey , Dunn James J , Muldrew Kenneth , Berra Alexandra , Kravitz Elizabeth Skye , Gogia Soumya , Martin Irene , Munson Erik 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogen. There have been no published studies concerning symptomatology, prevalence data, antibiotic resistance profiling or reports of co-infection with other STI in pregnant women.ObjectiveTo describe these characteristics among pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in a large tertiary care centre.DesignRemnant genital samples collected from pregnant women between August 2018 and November 2019 were tested for M. genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis by the transcription-mediated amplification technique. Specimens with detectable M. genitalium RNA were sequenced for 23S rRNA mutations associated with azithromycin resistance and parC and gyrA mutations associated with resistance to moxifloxacin. Demographic, obstetric and STI co-infection data were recorded.ResultsOf the 719 samples, 41 (5.7 %) were positive for M. genitalium. M. genitalium infection was associated with black race, Hispanic ethnicity and young age (p=0.003, p=0.008 and p=0.004, respectively). M. genitalium infection was also associated with T. vaginalis co-infection and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) colonisation (p≤0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Of the 41 positive samples, 26 (63.4%) underwent successful sequencing. Eight (30.8%) had 23S rRNA mutations related to azithromycin resistance. One of 26 (3.8%) positive samples with sequencing results had the gyrA gene mutation and 1 of 18 sequenced samples (5.6%) had the parC gene mutation associated with moxifloxacin resistance.ConclusionsPrevalence rates of M. genitalium in pregnant women was 5.7%. M. genitalium infection disproportionately affects young black women co-infected with T. vaginalis. Pregnant women remain at risk for persistent infection with M. genitalium due to decreased azithromycin susceptibility.
Transatlantic Exchanges and the Shifting “Geography of the Word”: Two New Letters from Emerson to Carlyle
Authors: Sommer Tim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This essay prints two previously unpublished letters from Ralph Waldo Emerson to Thomas Carlyle and contextualizes them against the background of the transatlantic collaboration between the two writers, shedding new light on their exchange of books and manuscripts between Boston and London during the second third of the nineteenth century.
Şeyhulislâm Feyzullah Efendi, the Ḥanafī Mufti of Jerusalem and the Rise of the Provincial Fatāwā Collections in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Burak Guy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article examines the rise of standardized collections of fatāwā issued by officially appointed provincial Hanafi muftis across the Ottoman Empire in the long eighteenth century. The article focuses on the earliest compilation, that of the Jerusalemite Ḥanafī mufti, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Abī al-Luṭf. This compilation was commissioned by the famous chief imperial mufti Feyzullah Efendi. The article then traces the proliferation of the standardized fatāwā compilation over the course of the eighteenth century, from Medina to the Balkans. This essay seeks to examine the emergence of local/provincial compilations of fatāwā over the eighteenth century as yet another chapter in the long intervention of the Ottoman dynasty (through its learned hierarchy) in the regulation of the doctrines of the Ḥanafī madhhab at the imperial and provincial levels. Focusing on Feyzullah Efendi’s initiative and its aftermath may cast light on specific venues and practices in which this intervention took place in a particular historical moment.
On Folklore Archives and Heritage Claims: the Manas Epic in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Jacquesson Svetlana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article I focus on the importance of folklore archives in staking heritage claims and in disputes over cultural “ownership.” I use as a case study the Manas epic which is shared by post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan and China’s Kyrgyz minority. By analyzing the actors who took part in the transcription of the epic, the conditions under which these transcriptions were conducted, and the results they yielded, I show how, in the case of Kyrgyzstan, turning the epic from an oral tradition into a literary monument that could be claimed as national heritage was a long story of suffering and coercion, aspirations for reward and recognition, disaccords between holders of official authority and subordinates, and never-ending personal conflicts, all under the constantly looming threat of political repression. I contrast the uses of collections of transcripts under Soviet rule and in the post-independence period which overlapped with the UNESCO-driven heritage rush worldwide. I argue that while under Soviet rule the transcripts of the epic were “raw data” which editors, translators and scholars could bend according to their needs or their expertise, after independence these transcripts have been used both as a means of authenticating the epic and claiming it as heritage. I conceptualize this process as the “transvaluation” of folklore archives, or a process in which transcripts were turned into valuable historical artefacts by downplaying the agencies involved in their production and the circumstances under which it took place.
Wandering Days: Two Sources in Poetry on the Abbasid Reforms of the Fiscal Schedule
Authors: Borroni Massimiliano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A close reading of two poetical sources provides new data on the reforms of the fiscal schedule of the Abbasid state in the ninth century. This paper reconstructs the calendrical complications in those Abbasid regions that followed Iranian administrative tradition and its solar calendar without intercalations. Two reforms were issued under al-Mutawakkil and al-Muʿtaḍid to correct the fiscal schedule of these regions. A panegyric by al-Buḥturī allows us to confirm and contextualize al-Mutawakkil’s reform in the final years of his caliphate. A few verses by Ibn al-Muʿtazz give a significant description of the close connection between al-Muʿtaḍid’s reform of the Iranian New-Year’s day and the construction of his public figure.
Contour Map Point Distribution and Surgeon Experience Level Affect Accuracy of Surgical Navigation in a Pilot Study
Authors: Talmadge Jason , Jiang Zi Yang , Zebda Denna A. , Yao William C. , Luong Amber U. , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Reliable use of surgical navigation depends upon the registration process. The gold standard is paired-point registration with bone-anchored fiducials, but contour-map registration is more practical. Surgeons may employ variable contour maps and less experienced team members often perform this critical step. The impact of these practices on target registration error (TRE) is not well-studied. Methods: A dry lab set-up consisting of a navigation system (Fusion ENT, Medtronic, Jacksonville, FL) and a sinus phantom with 2 mm radiopaque spheres in the sphenoid and ethmoid regions was developed. A CT (0.625 mm slice thickness) was obtained. Registration was performed with a contour-based protocol. Accuracy was determined using the software’s distance measurement tool. Registration was performed with narrow-field (NF; forehead points medial to the mid-pupillary line) and wide field (WF; entire forehead) contour maps. An experienced rhinologist and a resident surgeon performed each registration in triplicate and TRE at the sphenoid and ethmoid markers was measured in triplicate. Results: WF mapping had a lower TRE than NF (1.09 mm [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.96-1.22] vs 1.68 mm [95% CI 1.50-1.86]). The experienced surgeon had a lower TRE compared to the resident (1.21 mm [95% CI 1.08-1.34] vs 1.54 mm [95% CI 1.35-1.74]). Conclusions: In this navigation model, wide field mapping offers better accuracy than narrow-field mapping, and an experienced surgeon seemed to achieve better accuracy than a resident surgeon. These observations have potential implications for the use of this technology in the operating room.
La doppia natura dei suicidi del canto XIII dell’Inferno: un parallelismo con la dualità onda-particella nella fisica quantistica
Authors: Raffaello Pengue Simone 
Published: June 2021

The hybrid nature of the human–plant suicidal souls explored through the character of Pier delle Vigne in Inferno XIII exhibits unique characteristics in the Comedy’s first cantica. For centuries the Wood of the Suicides has demanded the attention of readers and scholars alike and yet the interplay and structure of their coexisting identities remain subject to lively debate. As an analytical tool, Dante’s encounter with Pier delle Vigne is compared to the wave–particle duality of light, a peculiar phenomenon of quantum physics. Indeed just as the suicides are at once true human and true plant, light behaves simultaneously as wave and particle depending on the experiment performed. The two complementary descriptions of light are mirrored in the duality of Pier delle Vigne, allowing a schematic restating of the canto emphasizing the multisensory interaction between Dante and the sinner. The hybrid nature of the damned soul thus becomes an expression of the contrasting judgments of Dante–theologian and Dante–poet on this character. Furthermore, the analogy shows how the anonymous suicide from Florence introduced at the end of the canto embodies the ambivalent perspective of Dante on the city of Florence itself.