bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing audit outcomes of pre-determined objectives in a public institution (South Africa)
Authors: Mosimege Stella Banyana , Masiya Tyanai 
Published: September 2021

PurposeMany developing countries such as South Africa have been introducing measurement of results to improve public service delivery. The practice of development of performance measures in the public service emanates from pressure exerted by citizens who are calling for more efficiency and effectiveness in delivering services. This article examines the implementation of the audit of pre-determined objectives at the Department of Basic Education (DBE).Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a qualitative case study approach. Secondary sources of data were used in order to analyse the DBE's challenges in managing performance information. Key secondary documents used include the AGSA annual audit reports as well as the DBE 2010/11–2014/15 Strategic Plan and Annual Performance Plans (APP) that provide the pre-determined objectives selected by the Department to measure performance for the five-year period.FindingsThe findings indicate that there are shortcomings in the processes of managing performance information. Based on the findings, it is incumbent upon the senior management of the DBE to strive towards understanding and improving their oversight roles and responsibilities in the management of pre-determined objectives.Originality/valueThe study generates a deeper understanding of what has been happening when pre-determined objectives were developed, reported or assessed in the DBE. This will assist the Department and similar public institutions to make further improvements in order to achieve pre-determined objectives.
Growing pains – a case study from higher education
Authors: Kyvik Oyvin 
Published: September 2021

Theoretical basis
The teaching case study is based on a (real-life) complex organizational and strategic context, and several bodies of literature may be used to interpret, analyze, explore and discuss alternative solutions. Among several relevant theoretical basis are (educational) leadership, strategy, institutional change, organization, practice orientation of education and organizational learning. The Instructors’ Manual gives suggestions as to how the case may be used in teaching and gives references to relevant literature.

Research methodology
The teaching case study is based on participatory action research. The narrative of the case is based on empirical observations in form of a research diary recording events, dialogues and discussion with colleagues and organizational leaders during a five-year period. The case study is based on real proceedings. But, the narrative is generic, and names are anonymized, and organizational contexts and events are disguised. Any similarities to real institutions are coincidental.

Case overview/synopsis
The case tells the story of Birk Grimson (PhD), a professional who returns to academia after many years of business practice in the private sector. He is struck by how different the work ambience is in academia and how bureaucracy and a rigid organizational structure seem to quell innovation, resulting in resistance to systematic learning, organizational development and strategic change.

Complexity academic level
The teaching case study is appropriate for business, organizational or administrative students at master’s, PhD level or executive education. For students with other disciplinary educational backgrounds (such as engineering, education or health care), some basic knowledge of organization and management or alternatively relevant experience is recommended.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Single inhaler triple therapy (SITT) in asthma: Systematic review and practice implications
Authors: Agusti Alvar , Fabbri Leonardo , Lahousse Lies , Singh Dave , Papi Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA significant number of patients with asthma remain uncontrolled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long‐acting β2 adrenergic bronchodilators (LABA). The addition of long‐acting antimuscarinic agents (LAMA) can improve the management of asthma in these patients. Recently, three novel triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA) formulations in a single‐inhaler device (SITT) have been investigated in patients with uncontrolled asthma despite ICS/LABA treatment. Here, we review systematically the evidence available to date in relation to SITT in patients with uncontrolled asthma despite ICS‐LABA treatment and conclude that SITT is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative in these patients. We also discuss how to position this new therapeutic alternative in their practical clinical management as well as the opportunities and challenges that it may generate for patients, physicians, and payers.
“The odds were stacked against me”: a qualitative study of underrepresented minorities in surgical training
Authors: Villanueva Claudia , Cain Justin , Greenhill Jennene , Nestel Debra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) is expected to provide surgical care to a diverse patient population across Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). To improve the quality‐of‐care individuals receive, the surgical workforce must reflect the population it serves. Achieving diversity within RACS will strengthen therapeutic relationships with patients and promote an inclusive culture. This study investigates the perspectives of underrepresented minority (URM) trainees to highlight barriers for the selection and completion of the RACS Surgical Education and Training (SET) program.MethodsThis qualitative study used online, semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews of URM trainees. Participants were recruited by self‐identification and were invited to participate based on inclusion criterion. Interviews took place between August and October 2020, were transcribed and de‐identified. Framework analysis was used to identify themes.FindingsEight participants from four surgical specialities were interviewed, six from Australia and two from New Zealand. There were six female and two male participants. The findings identified barriers that were grouped into eight broad areas: discouragement; structural racism, discrimination and unconscious bias; language barriers; policies and procedures; lack of role models; homophobia; sexual harassment and women in surgery.ConclusionThe findings offer guidance to RACS and the surgical community to explore new strategies to improve the experience of URM SET trainees. While on a small scale, the study draws directly on the URMs' experiences to inform strategies addressing equity, diversity and inclusion. The aim is to produce a diverse surgical workforce that better delivers healthcare services to a diverse population.
Assessment of post‐surgical donor‐site morbidity in vastus lateralis free flap for head and neck reconstructive surgery: an observational study
Authors: Seth Ishith , Hewitt Lyndel , Yabe Takako , Dunn Masako , Wykes James , Clark Jonathan R. , Ashford Bruce 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVastus lateralis (VL) can be used to reconstruct defects of the head and neck. Whilst the advantages are documented, donor‐site morbidity is not well described. This study aimed to assess donor‐site morbidity after VL flap harvest. Results will determine future directions for preventative and post‐operative care to improve patient health outcomes.MethodsTen participants (mean age 55 years) were assessed for the presence of donor‐site morbidity after VL harvest. Musculoskeletal (pain, muscle strength, muscle length and tactile sensation), quality of life (SF‐12), lower extremity function, gait (function and speed) and sit to stand were assessed using validated and standardized procedures. The outcomes were compared to age‐matched healthy reference values or to the non‐operative side. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests.ResultsThere was no difference in muscle strength (knee extension), muscle length, ability to sit‐to‐stand, or gait function (all P > 0.05). Knee flexor muscle strength was significantly less on the operated leg compared to the non‐operated leg (P = 0.02) and walking speed was slower than age‐matched healthy values (P < 0.001). Thigh tactile sensation was impaired in 89% of participants. Quality of life was significantly less for the physical health component of the SF‐12 (P < 0.001). The mental health component of the SF‐12 was similar to healthy controls (P = 0.256).ConclusionThere was no effect on donor site morbidity with regards to knee extensor strength, pain, walking function, ability to sit‐to‐stand and muscle length. VL harvest affected donor‐site knee flexion strength, walking speed, tactile sensation and physical health‐related quality of life.
Emergency cervical cerclage in twin and singleton pregnancies with 0‐mm cervical length or prolapsed membranes
Authors: Freegard Georgina D. , Donadono Vera , Impey Lawrence W. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCervical cerclage is controversial in twin pregnancies, although recent data from the USA supports its use where “physical examination‐indicated”. Limited data exist, however, in the extreme situation of 0‐mm ultrasound‐measured cervical length or even prolapsed membranes. This research compares the success of emergency cervical cerclage in multiple and singleton pregnancies.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all such cerclages performed at a tertiary hospital over a 15‐year period. “Emergency” was where transvaginal ultrasound‐assessed cervical length was 0 mm, with amniotic membranes at or beyond the external cervical os. Exclusion criteria were clinical or biochemical evidence of infection, regular contractions, bleeding, ruptured membranes, or gestation beyond 24+0 weeks. The primary outcome, or “success”, was defined as birth >27+6 weeks of gestation, with the neonate alive 28 days later with no markers of adverse outcome (seizures, periventricular leukomalacia, intracranial hemorrhage more than Grade 2, or necrotizing enterocolitis). Demographic and cerclage variables were assessed against the primary outcome. Variables correlated with success were analyzed between multiple and singleton pregnancies. Comparison of all adverse outcomes was then adjusted using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 135 pregnancies were included (107 singletons and 28 multiples [all twins]). Success was achieved in 79 (58.5%; 57.9% in singletons, 60.7% in twins). Nulliparity, in utero transfer, symptoms, prolapsed membranes, and dilation more than 3 cm were predictors of failure, but twin pregnancy was not. After controlling for potential confounding variables, there was no significant difference in measures of success between singleton and twin pregnancies, apart from higher rates of neonatal unit admission.ConclusionsEmergency cervical cerclage, even in extreme situations, is as effective in twin pregnancies as it is in singletons.
Examining self‐affirmation as a tactic for recruiting inactive women into exercise interventions
Authors: More Kimberly R. , Phillips Leigh Alison , Green Zoie , Mentzou Aikaterini 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecruitment of insufficiently active individuals into exercise interventions is difficult due to many different barriers, including motivational barriers and negative body image. The present study provided an initial conceptual test of whether self‐affirmation can help increase recruitment of insufficiently active women to an exercise intervention. Emerging adult women were randomly assigned to complete a self‐affirmation or control task prior to reading the same message concerning the consequences of inactivity. In addition to completing demographic and body image measures at baseline, U.S. undergraduate participants (N = 254) indicated their interest in registering for an intervention and their intention to exercise after the experimental manipulation. Data did not support hypotheses that (1) self‐affirmed women would find the message less threatening and less manipulative, (2) self‐affirmed women would have higher intentions to exercise, (3) self‐affirmed women would be more likely to register interest for a future exercise intervention, and (4) condition and body dissatisfaction would interact such that the intervention would be particularly beneficial for women with high body dissatisfaction. Results revealed that 70% of participants were unwilling to register for an exercise intervention, which indicates that other novel exercise intervention recruitment techniques need to be tested.
Mimics and artefacts of measurable residual disease in a highly sensitive multicolour flow cytometry assay for B‐lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma: critical consideration for analysis of measurable residual disease
Authors: Chatterjee Gaurav , Sriram Harshini , Ghogale Sitaram , Deshpande Nilesh , Khanka Twinkle , Girase Karishma , Verma Shefali , Arolkar Gauri , Dasgupta Niharika , Narula Gaurav , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Dhamne Chetan , Moulik Nirmalya R. , Rajpal Sweta , Patkar Nikhil V. , Banavali Shripad , Gujral Sumeet , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Tembhare Prashant R. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryHigh‐sensitivity multicolour flow cytometry (MFC)‐based B‐lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL) measurable residual disease (BMRD) assay is increasingly being used in clinical practice. Herein, we describe six consistently present low‐level populations immunophenotypically mimicking abnormal B‐ALL blasts in 441 BMRD samples from 301 children. These included CD19+CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells differentiating from lymphoid precursors, CD10+ transitional B cells with CD10+/CD38dim‐to‐negative/CD20bright/CD45bright phenotype, CD19+ natural killer (NK) cells, CD73bright/CD10+ mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, CD73bright/CD34+ endothelial cells, and a CD34+CD38dim‐to‐negative/CD10−/CD20bright/CD45bright subset of mature B cells. We provide the proportions, comprehensive immunophenotype, and practical clues for proper identification of these low‐level populations. Knowledge regarding the presence and immunophenotype of these mimics is essential for accurate interpretation in high‐sensitivity MFC‐BMRD analysis.
Entry deterrence by cheap talk
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Yoo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe conventional wisdom is that an incumbent can deter the rival firm's entry by costly limit pricing but cannot deter entry by a costless signal, so‐called cheap talk. In this short paper, we show that an incumbent can deter entry of a potential competitor by cheap talk if there is another potential entrant producing complementary goods. In equilibrium, which is partially revealing, the incumbent can use publicly observable cheap talk that can deter entry of the rival firm with some positive probability.
A landscape‐scale framework to identify refugia from multiple stressors
Authors: Rojas Isabel M. , Jennings Megan K. , Conlisk Erin , Syphard Alexandra D. , Mikesell Jack , Kinoshita Alicia M. , West Krista , Stow Doug , Storey Emanuel , De Guzman Mark E. , Foote Diane , Warneke Alexandria , Pairis Amber , Ryan Sherry , Flint Lorraine E. , Flint Alan L. , Lewison Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrom a conservation perspective, quantifying potential refugial capacity has been predominantly focused on climate refugia, which is critical for maintaining the persistence of species and ecosystems. However, protection from other stressors, such as human‐induced changes in fire and hydrology, that cause habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation is also necessary to ensure that conservation efforts focused on climate are not undermined by other threats. Thus, conceptual and methodological advances for quantifying potential refugia from multiple anthropogenic stressors are important to support conservation efforts. We devised a new conceptual approach, the domains of refugia, for assessing refugial capacity that identifies areas where exposure to multiple stressors is low. In our framework, patterns of environmental variability (e.g., increased frequency of warm summers), thresholds of resilience, and extent and intensity of stressors are used to identify areas of potential refugia from a suite of ongoing anthropogenic stressors (e.g., changes in fire regime). To demonstrate its utility, we applied the framework to a Southern California landscape. Sites with high refugial capacity (super‐refugia sites) had on average 30% fewer extremely warm summers, 20% fewer fire events, 10% less exposure to altered river channels and riparian areas, and 50% fewer recreational trails than the surrounding landscape. Our results suggest that super‐refugia sites (∼8200 km2) for some natural communities are underrepresented in the existing protected area network, a finding that can inform efforts to expand protected areas. Our case study highlights how considering exposure to multiple stressors can inform planning and practice to conserve biodiversity in a changing world.
Immediate detection of Co2+ by a phthalazine‐based colorimetric chemosensor
Authors: Heo Jae Sung , Kim Cheal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe designed a colorimetric chemosensor based on phthalazine ((E)‐9‐((2‐(phthalazin‐1‐yl)hydrazono)methyl)‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H,5H‐pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinoline‐8‐ol), denoted HPJ, for detecting Co2+. In the presence of Co2+, HPJ undergoes a colour variation from yellow to dark pink. Analysis of a Job plot and electrospray ionisation‐mass spectra enabled the binding mode of HPJ to Co2+ to be determined as a 1:1 ratio. The detection limit of Co2+ with HPJ was 1.74 μM. In addition, the feasibility of using HPJ in the form of a test strip was confirmed. The sensing process of Co2+ by HPJ was monitored by using a Job plot, proton nuclear magnetic resonance titration, electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry and ultraviolet‐visible titration.
Efficacy and tolerability of vismodegib treatment in locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma: Retrospective real‐life data
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa , Doğan İzzet , Akkuş Erman , Ermiş Hande , Utkan Güngör , Vatansever Sezai , Taş Faruk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study aims to evaluate the vismodegib treatment in local advanced (laBCC) and metastatic (mBCC) basal cell carcinoma. The data of 29 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and histopathological features of the patients and adverse events of vismodegib were recorded. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier analysis. The median follow‐up period was 17 months (range: 1.6–57.3), and the median age at diagnosis 73 years (range: 39–88). The most common disease location was head and neck (86.2%), and the most common non‐skin sites of disease were lymph nodes (13.8%), bone (13.8%), lung (6.9%), and brain (6.9%). Three (10.3%) patients had Gorlin's syndrome. The number of metastatic patients was 5 (17.2%). With vismodegib treatment, the complete response rate was 27.6%, partial response 55.2%, and stable response 10.3%. Treatment responses were most frequently seen within 2 months from the beginning of vismodegib. The median OS was 43.3 ± 9.0 months (25.6–61.1) for all patients. The median PFS in the laBCC was 15.7 ± 1.8 months (12.2–19.3), and 12.1 ± 4.6 months (2.9–21.2) in the mBCC. In the univariable analysis for the OS, only the treatment after the vismodegib was statistically significant, showing chemotherapy was better comparing to no treatment or surgery. The most common adverse events were fatigue‐58.6%, muscle spasms‐48.3%, alopecia‐13.8%, and weight loss‐13.8%. This real‐life data study shows that vismodegib treatment in locally advanced and metastatic BCC was well tolerated and effective.
Disorganized resting‐state functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and intrinsic networks in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait
Authors: Yu Qian , Li Qun , Fang Weidong , Wang Yuchan , Zhu Yingcheng , Wang Juan , Shen Yalian , Han Yu , Zou Dezhi , Cheng Oumei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFreezing of gait (FOG) is a common and complex manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with impairment of attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional network connectivity (FNc) changes between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the other seven intrinsic networks relevant to attention, visual–spatial, executive and motor functions in PD with or without FOG. Forty‐three idiopathic PD patients (21 with FOG [FOG+] versus 22 without FOG [FOG−]) and 18 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. The data‐driven independent component analysis (ICA) method was used to extract and analyze the above‐mentioned resting‐state networks (RSNs). Compared with FOG−, FOG+ displayed decreased positive connectivity between the DAN and medial visual network (mVN) and sensory‐motor network (SMN) and increased negative connectivity between the DAN and default mode network (DMN). The within‐network connectivity in the SMN and visual networks were decreased, whereas the connectivity within DMN was increased significantly in FOG+. Correlation analysis showed that the clock drawing test (CDT) scores were positively correlated with the functional connectivity of mVN (r = 0.573, p = 0.008) and lateral visual network (lVN) (r = 0.510, p = 0.022), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) duration were negatively correlated with the connectivity of SMN (r = −0.629, p = 0.003), and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores were negatively correlated with the connectivity of DMN in FOG+. Functional connectivity was changed in multiple intra‐networks in patients with FOG. Inordinate inter‐network connectivity between the DAN and other intrinsic networks may partly contribute to the mechanism of freezing.
How radical is radical realism?
Authors: Cross Ben 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRadical realism is distinguished in part from other forms of political realism by its more explicit anti‐status quo objectives. In particular, radical realists generally reject the legitimacy of liberal political institutions, and often defend some version of Marxism or anarchism. However, critics of radical realism sometimes argue that radical realist's aversion to certain kinds of normative theorising hinders their capacity to criticize the status quo. This objection may therefore be best understood as one of “self‐frustration,” rather than “status quo bias.” According to the objection, radical realists want to criticise the status quo, but their own methodological positions prevent them from doing so effectively. I have three aims in this article. First, I will clarify the kinds of normativity which radical realists do (and do not) object. Second, I will then show how this enables us to see that the self‐frustration objection fails. Third, I will suggest that it is not radical realism but its critics who may have a problematic relationship with the status quo.