bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Role of Transition‐Metal Ions in the Thermal Degradation of Layered Ni–Co–Mn Cathodes for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Jung Sung‐Kyun , Kim Hyungsub , Song Seok Hyun , Lee Seongsu , Kim Jongsoon , Kang Kisuk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe need for batteries with high energy density and safety has motivated the development of Ni‐rich layered cathodes with high thermal stability, requiring a revisit of the role of the transition‐metal ion in the phase transition accompanying the oxygen evolution of highly charged cathodes. Here, the role of the transition‐metal ion in LixNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (x = 0.5, 0.33) is revealed in the phase transition and O2 evolution occurring at high temperatures using combined in situ high‐temperature neutron diffraction (ND) and gas analyses. The thermal migration of each transition‐metal ion upon heating is directly visualized at different states of charge using Rietveld refinement of ND patterns as well as the maximum entropy method. The oxygen evolution observed for the highly charged state at low temperature is accompanied by M3O4‐type spinel (M = Ni, Co, and Mn) phase formation with preferential occupation of Co in the tetrahedral site. Co3+/Co2+ reduction accompanying the oxygen evolution rather can mitigate and delay the formation of the rock‐salt phase. The findings provide insight into the manipulation of the composition of Ni‐rich layered cathode for the design of cathodes with high energy density and safety.
Advanced Materials and Sensors for Microphysiological Systems: Focus on Electronic and Electrooptical Interfaces
Authors: Kavand Hanie , Nasiri Rohollah , Herland Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvanced in vitro cell culture systems or microphysiological systems (MPSs), including microfluidic organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC), are breakthrough technologies in biomedicine. These systems recapitulate features of human tissues outside of the body. They are increasingly being used to study the functionality of different organs for applications such as drug evolutions, disease modeling, and precision medicine. Currently, developers and endpoint users of these in vitro models promote how they can replace animal models or even be a better ethically neutral and humanized alternative to study pathology, physiology, and pharmacology. Although reported models show a remarkable physiological structure and function compared to the conventional 2D cell culture, they are almost exclusively based on standard passive polymers or glass with none or minimal real‐time stimuli and readout capacity. The next technology leap in reproducing in vivo‐like functionality and real‐time monitoring of tissue function could be realized with advanced functional materials and devices. This review describes the currently reported electronic and optical advanced materials for sensing and stimulation of MPS models. In addition, an overview of multi‐sensing for Body‐on‐Chip platforms is given. Finally, one gives the perspective on how advanced functional materials could be integrated into in vitro systems to precisely mimic human physiology.
Design of Self‐Floating Photothermal Conversion Devices with Solar Steam Generation Capability
Authors: Ge Bo , Han Baobao , Lv Jing , Zhao Limin , Yin Yibin , Ren Guina , Zhang Zhaozhu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAiming to tackle water pollution from toxic and harmful substances and the lack of clean water, a multifunctional device is designed. The superhydrophobic fabric (M‐fabric) is taken as the floating layer. The contact angle of the water droplet on the surface of the M‐fabric is 160°, and the recovery of organic solvent can be realized by superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. The oil/water separation efficiency is 97.7% and the stability of the superhydrophobic fabric is confirmed. Due to the existence of Bi2WO6, the M‐fabric can photodegrade soluble pollutants. Based on the detailed analysis of the photoresponse ability, carrier fluorescence lifetime (1.95 ns), and reaction rate constant, the reaction mechanism is proposed. Importantly, the assembled photothermal device has a high rate of solar steam generation for the initially treated sewage. It is hoped that the multi‐component synergy can provide new ideas on environmental governance and clean water production.
Approaching Rapid, High‐Resolution, Large‐Area Patterning of Semiconducting Polymers Using Projection Photothermal Lithography
Authors: Murrey Tucker L. , Mulvey Justin T. , Jha Meghna , Fergerson Alice S. , Vong Daniel , Soika Andreas , Lorek Jakob , Dolan Sarah E. , Tiffany‐Appleton Daniel R. , Moulé Adam J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatterned semiconductors are essential for the fabrication of nearly all electronic devices. Over the last two decades, semiconducting polymers (SPs) have received enormous attention due to their potential for creating low‐cost flexible electronic devices, while development of scalable patterning methods capable of producing sub‐μm feature sizes has lagged. A novel method for patterning SPs termed Projection Photothermal Lithography (PPL) is presented. A lab scale PPL microscope is built and it is demonstrated that rapid (≈4 cm2 h−1) and large single exposure area (≈0.69 mm2) sub‐μm patterns can be obtained optically. Polymer domains are selectively removed via a photo‐induced temperature gradient that enables dissolution. It is hypothesized that commercial‐scale patterning with a throughput of ≈5 m2 h−1 and resolution of <1 μm could be realized through optimization of optical components.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbamoyl‐Carbamoylation/ Carboxylation/Thioesterification of Alkene‐Tethered Carbamoyl Chlorides Using Mo(CO)6 as the Carbonyl Source
Authors: Chen Chen , Huang Yujie , Ding Jie , Liu Liying , Zhu Bolin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe reported a palladium‐catalyzed carbamoyl‐carbamoylation/carboxylation/thioesterification of alkene‐tethered carbamoyl chlorides using Mo(CO)6 as the carbonyl source. The reactions were typically performed with good functional group compatibility and tolerated different nucleophiles (amines, alcohols, phenols, thiols and water), which provided a new access to amidated/esterificated/thioesterificated/carboxylated oxindoles or lactams bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter under CO gas‐free conditions. Furthermore, natural product mutation and divergent late‐stage derivatization are the important practical features.magnified image
How Materials and Device Factors Determine the Performance: A Unified Solution for Transistors with Nontrivial Gates and Transistor–Diode Hybrid Integration
Authors: Liu Chuan , Li Xiaojie , Luo Yiyang , Wang Ya , Hu Sujuan , Liu Chenning , Liang Xiaoci , Zhou Hang , Chen Jun , She Juncong , Deng Shaozhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvanced field‐effect transistors (FETs) with nontrivial gates (e.g., offset‐gates, mid‐gates, split‐gates, or multi‐gates) or hybrid integrations (e.g., with diodes, photodetectors, or field‐emitters) have been extensively developed in pursuit for the “More‐than‐Moore” demand. But understanding their conduction mechanisms and predicting current–voltage relations is rather difficult due to countless combinations of materials and device factors. Here, it is shown that they could be understood within the same physical picture, i.e., charge transport from gated to nongated semiconductors. One proposes an indicator based on material and device factors for characterizing the transport and derives a unified and simplified solution for describing the current–voltage relations, current saturation, channel potentials, and drift field. It is verified by simulations and experiments of different types of devices with varied materials and device factors, employing organic, oxide, nanomaterial semiconductors in transistors or hybrid integrations. The concise and unified solution provides general rules for quick understanding and designing of these complex, innovative devices.
Freestanding Graphene Fabric Film for Flexible Infrared Camouflage
Authors: Cui Guang , Peng Zhe , Chen Xiaoyan , Cheng Yi , Lu Lin , Cao Shubo , Ji Sudong , Qu Guoxin , Zhao Lu , Wang Shaokai , Wang Shida , Li Yizhen , Ci Haina , Li Maoyuan , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGraphene films, fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, have exhibited superiorities in high crystallinity, thickness controllability, and large‐scale uniformity. However, most synthesized graphene films are substrate‐dependent, and usually fragile for practical application. Herein, a freestanding graphene film is prepared based on the CVD route. By using the etchable fabric substrate, a large‐scale papyraceous freestanding graphene fabric film (FS‐GFF) is obtained. The electrical conductivity of FS‐GFF can be modulated from 50 to 2800 Ω sq−1 by tailoring the graphene layer thickness. Moreover, the FS‐GFF can be further attached to various shaped objects by a simple rewetting manipulation with negligible changes of electric conductivity. Based on the advanced fabric structure, excellent electrical property, and high infrared emissivity, the FS‐GFF is thus assembled into a flexible device with tunable infrared emissivity, which can achieve the adaptive camouflage ability in complicated backgrounds. This work provides an infusive insight into the fabrication of large‐scale freestanding graphene fabric films, while promoting the exploration on the flexible infrared camouflage textiles.
The effect of compound biofertilizers on nitrogen metabolism and microbial diversity of soil rhizosphere in tobacco fields
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Xiquan , Wang Xiaohua , Dai Fei , Chen Xue , Ding Mengjiao , Liu Minghong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCompound biofertilizers could improve the nutrient condition of the ecosystem and the fertility of agricultural fields. At micro level, the soil microbial communities could be influenced, resulting in taxonomic and functional changes in the soil microbiome. In the present research, compound biofertilizers were applied into tobacco (Nocotiana tabacum L., Family: Solanaceae) field ecosystems of Qianxi, Weining, and Meitan city of China, and the diversity of microbial communities were determined using metagenome technique. The results revealed that nitrogen compounds of each treatment were significantly increased after 30 d. In addition, indigenous microorganisms in fertilizer were developed into the dominant bacteria, and Compound Biofertilizer III has a potential and great effect compared with others. Depending on our findings, the research‐based knowledge obtained between compound biofertilizers, and soil microbiome could provide a clue to the development of environmentally friendly and long‐acting biofertilizer application processes in the agricultural fields.
Update on perioperative management of patients undergoing surgery for liver cancer
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Matsui Kosuke , Shimada Mitsuo , Kubo Shoji , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is often accompanied by chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Preoperative evaluation of liver function and postoperative nutritional management are critical in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who undergo liver surgery. Although the incidence of postoperative complications and death has declined in Japan over the last 10 years, postoperative complications have not been fully overcome. Therefore, surgical procedures and perioperative management must be improved. Accurate preoperative evaluations of liver function, nutrition, inflammation, and body skeletal muscle are required. Determination of the optimal surgical procedure should consider not only tumor characteristics but also the physical reserve of the patient. Nutritional management of chronic liver disorders, especially maintaining protein synthesis for postoperative protein/energy, is important. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for short‐term use within 24 hours after surgery. Abdominal drainage is recommended for patients with cirrhosis who may develop large amounts of ascites, who are at risk of postoperative bleeding, or who may have bile leakage due to a large resection area. Postoperative exercise therapy may improve insulin resistance in patients with chronic liver damage. Implementation of an early/enhanced recovery after surgery program is recommended to reduce biological invasive responses and achieve early independence of physical activity and nutrition intake. We review the latest information on the perioperative management of patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Elastic interface in few‐layer graphene/poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) nanocomposite with improved polarization
Authors: Ye Huijian , Jiang Huilei , Luo Zhenggang , Xu Lixin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymer film capacitor exhibits extensive applications in advanced electronics because of its flexibility and huge power density. The current research interests of polymer capacitor are addressed on large energy density and high charge–discharge efficiency of composite film. Here we developed the compatible elastic interface composed of hyperbranched poly(methyl acrylate) copolymer in graphene/poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE)) nanocomposite with high energy capability. This hyperbranched copolymer comprising polyethylene core that was grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) segments and pyrene units was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The few‐layer graphene was exfoliated with assistance of hyperbranched copolymer that was attached on surface of flakes via π‐π non‐covalent interactions between pyrene groups and delocalized π electrons of nanosheets. Graphene/P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) nanocomposite film was prepared by solution casting method. The compatibility between graphene and fluoropolymer is greatly improved due to the elastic interphase of PMA segments in hyperbranched copolymer, which enhances the interfacial polarization and decreases the accumulation of charge carriers under high electric field. The energy density of 7.0 J/cm3 with charge–discharge efficiency of 60% at 300 MV/m is achieved for 0.1 wt% nanocomposite. This work reveals an effective architecture of polymer composite with elastic interface to increase the energy capability of polymer dielectric film.
Colloidal and rheological properties of natural rubber latex concentrated with hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulphate
Authors: Walteros‐León Manuela , Álvarez‐Láinez Mónica Lucía 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNatural rubber latex (NRL) is a complex colloidal system composed of rubber particles surrounded by a layer of phospholipids and proteins maintaining its colloidal stability. NRL creaming is a nonrobust concentration method, and its colloidal and rheological properties can be altered due to the presence of creaming agents and surfactants. Both properties must remain stable over time after creaming to ensure conditions for subsequent manufacturing processes. These properties have been evaluated for synthetic latex, but not for NRL in which the clone variety and phenological factors make the system being always different. In this research, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are used to concentrate NRL and response surface methodology was selected to optimize the colloidal and rheological properties of creamed NRL. Flocculation and stabilization by depletion are involved on NRL concentration depending on HEC and SDS concentration. Those agents modify NRL zeta potential in a range of −78 and −63 mV, and viscosity increases more than 10 times the raw NRL value. SDS plays a key role on enhancement of the creaming process and in electrostatic stability because its anionic nature. Physicochemical interactions between NRL, HEC, and SDS are proposed.
Functionalized bio‐adsorbents for removal of perfluoroalkyl substances: A perspective
Authors: Li Duning , Londhe Kaushik , Chi Kai , Lee Cheng‐Shiuan , Venkatesan Arjun K. , Hsiao Benjamin S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known as “forever chemicals” due to their ubiquitous persistence in the environment, and their negative human health effects. Among them, short‐chain PFAS are of increasing concern due to their high solubility and mobility in water, while possessing persistency and toxicity nature like their longer‐chain analogs. The most common method for PFAS removal from water is by sorption with activated carbons or ion exchange resins, but these adsorbents only exhibit limited removal efficiency against short‐chain PFAS, and they require frequent replacement leading to high operational cost. Here we review and discuss the potential of using bio‐adsorbents, which can be derived from common biomass feedstocks, as low‐cost alternatives to traditional adsorbents, while these materials can also possess good removal efficiency against short‐chain PFAS. We further provide the perspective on the designs of low‐cost, activated bio‐adsorbent systems that can be implemented for effective removal of short‐chain PFAS.
Association between maternal body mass index and congenital anomalies: A case‐control study in Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Mezzasalma Lorena , Santoro Michele , Coi Alessio , Pierini Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between prepregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and congenital anomalies (CAs).DesignCase‐control study on data collected by the registry of CAs of Tuscany (Italy) and birth certificates from 2005 to 2017.Main exposureMaternal prepregnancy BMI.Main outcome measuresAny major CAs and groups of organ‐specific anomalies. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for maternal factors.ResultsMaternal BMI ≥25 was significantly associated with all nervous system anomalies (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13–2.29) and with neural tube defects (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.00–4.12); maternal underweight was significantly associated with orofacial clefts (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.12–2.48). After stratification by education, in the low education group, mothers with BMI ≥25 had an increased risk of nervous system anomalies (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.01–4.76), whereas underweight mothers had an increased risk of nervous system anomalies (OR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.44–10.53), orofacial clefts (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.24–5.42), and urinary anomalies (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.07–2.82). In the medium/high education group, the only significantly increased risk was found in mothers with BMI ≥25 for nervous system anomalies (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.00–2.25).ConclusionMain results have shown a positive association of maternal BMI ≥25 with nervous system anomalies and maternal underweight with orofacial clefts. The study has also evidenced the impact of social status and provided clues to the role of maternal ethnic background.
Dirichlet composition distribution for compositional data with zero components: An application to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of chromosome
Authors: Tang Man‐Lai , Wu Qin , Yang Sheng , Tian Guo‐Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZeros in compositional data are very common and can be classified into rounded and essential zeros. The rounded zero refers to a small proportion or below detection limit value, while the essential zero refers to the complete absence of the component in the composition. In this article, we propose a new framework for analyzing compositional data with zero entries by introducing a stochastic representation. In particular, a new distribution, namely the Dirichlet composition distribution, is developed to accommodate the possible essential‐zero feature in compositional data. We derive its distributional properties (e.g., its moments). The calculation of maximum likelihood estimates via the Expectation‐Maximization (EM) algorithm will be proposed. The regression model based on the new Dirichlet composition distribution will be considered. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodologies. Finally, our method is employed to analyze a dataset of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosome detection.
Dioscin: A review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values
Authors: Bandopadhyay Shinjini , Anand Uttpal , Gadekar Vijaykumar Shivaji , Jha Niraj Kumar , Gupta Piyush Kumar , Behl Tapan , Kumar Manoj , Radha  , Shekhawat Mahipal S. , Dey Abhijit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDioscin has gained immense popularity as a natural, bioactive steroid saponin, which offers numerous medical benefits. The growing global incidence of disease‐associated morbidity and mortality continues to compromise human health, facilitating an increasingly urgent need for nontoxic, noninvasive, and efficient treatment alternatives. Natural compounds can contribute vastly to this field. Over recent years, studies have demonstrated the remarkable protective actions of dioscin against a variety of human malignancies, metabolic disorders, organ injuries, and viral/fungal infections. The successful usage of this phytocompound has been widely seen in medical treatment procedures under traditional Chinese medicine, and it is becoming progressively prevalent worldwide. This review provides an insight into the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities of dioscin, as reported and compiled in recent literature. The various novel approaches and applications of dioscin also verify the advantages exhibited by plant extracts against commercially available drugs, highlighting the potential of phytochemical agents like dioscin to be further incorporated into clinical practice.
Sensitive and rapid simultaneous quantitation of leucovorin and its major active metabolite 5‐methyl‐tetrahydrofolate in human plasma using a liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry
Authors: Dubey Naveen Kr 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBioanalysis of an endogenous compound such as leucovorin is never an easy task on a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer (LC–MSMS). Unless it is necessary, regulatory guidance discourages working with surrogate matrices for calibration curve standard preparation. Herein, a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of leucovorin and 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in human plasma was developed and validated. Stable labeled internal standards, i.e. leucovorin D4 and 5‐ methyl tetrahydrofolic acid 13C5, were used as internal standards to track and compensate the parent compounds during processing and extraction from plasma. The method involves a rapid solid‐phase extraction from plasma followed by reverse‐phase gradient chromatography and mass spectrometry detection with a total run time of 5 min. The method was developed and validated from 5 to 2,202 ng/ml for leucovorin and from 5 to 1,300 ng/ml for 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid. The mean recoveries for leucovorin and 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid were 100.4 and 100.9% respectively. The validated method enabled the simultaneous analysis of leucovorin and 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in samples from clinical pharmacokinetic studies of leucovorin. The peak concentrations of leucovorin and 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid were 651–883 and 518–635 ng/ml, respectively, in fasted and fed conditions. The terminal half‐life values for leucovorin and 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid were 9.3–10.5 and 9.2–17.6 h, respectively.