bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Transplantation in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: N. Mohite Prashant , Dave Kavita , Reed Anna , R. Simon André 
Published: January 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common indications for lung transplant (LTx) and nearly one-third of the LTx worldwide are performed in people with CF (PwCF). Due to vast developments in diagnostic modalities, antibiotic therapies, and management of associated comorbidities in dedicated and experienced centres, over the past few decades, more PwCF are reaching adulthood than ever before. This has increased the burden on transplant programs particularly in a universal donor shortage scenario. To improve the donor pool a diligent and proactive donor care management, acceptance of marginal organs and utilisation of ex-vivo lung perfusion systems for organ preservation, assessment, and improvement is being advocated widely. LTx is not a readily available therapy and the average waiting time is 18 months in the UK. Therefore, it is essential that PwCF are referred for LTx assessment when their disease is stable, before respiratory deterioration leads to overall deconditioning of the patients. Once listed for LTx, it is crucial to control waiting list mortality by prioritising rapidly deteriorating patients through schemes like the lung allocation score, national urgent and super-urgent waiting lists, and institutional highlighting of deteriorating patients that do not meet other urgent criteria. LTx in PwCF is challenging due to colonisation of the respiratory tract with multi-drug resistant organisms, associated comorbidities such as diabetes, liver disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) and CF-specific technical difficulties (adhesions due to prior pneumothoraces or pleurodesis, or bronchial collaterals that increase surgical time). Hilar lymphadenopathy and bronchial collaterals may increase surgical time, organ ischemia time, intra and post-operative bleeding, and blood transfusions. Advances in immunosuppression, prophylactic anti-viral and anti-fungal therapies, early ambulation and rigorous physiotherapy, and meticulous postoperative follow up with spirometry, x-rays, and bronchoscopies to detect rejection at the early stage followed by its efficient treatment have helped to improve post-LTx survival in the CF patients. Constant development in the surgical field with adoption of off-pump transplantation, sternal sparing bilateral thoracotomy approach, and utilisation of mechanical circulatory assist as a bridge to transplant and as a support for primary graft failure strives for better outcomes. However, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, chronic refractory infections, malignancies, and CF associated comorbidities remain major determinants of post-LTx long term survival. Despite this, CF patients are often good candidates for re-do LTx with improving survival outcomes. In this chapter, we are compiling the different aspects of LTx in PwCF emphasising the advances in bridge to transplantation, the surgical approach, management of primary graft failure, and immunosuppression as well as complications post-transplant.
Treatment of Textile Dyeing Waste Water Using TiO2/Zn Electrode by Spray Pyrolysis in Electrocoagulation Process
Authors: Kalivel Parameswari 
Published: January 2021

An alternative form of treatment for the remediation of textile waste water, electrocoagulation (EC) methods are used. This work deals mainly with the treatment of waste water for textile dyeing preceded by the use of wastewater. The goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process using TiO2/Zn electrodes using TiCl3 via spray pyrolysis. The surface morphology of the electrode was studied by SEM, XRD and EDS analysis. The efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process to treat synthetic waste water containing Coralene Navy RDRLSR, Coralene Red 3G, Rubru RD GLFI dye was studied. The effect of parameters such as current density, influence of effluent pH, supporting electrolyte NaCl concentration, and EC time on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The result indicates that this process is very efficient and was able to achieve color removal (99.5%) at pH 8.5 and 0.15 A in 10 minutes.
Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile
Authors: Vargas Héctor A. 
Published: January 2021

The adult stage of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) is described and illustrated from the arid western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile. The larvae of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. feed as leaf skeletonizers on Mirabilis acuta (Reiche) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae). The mostly gray forewing of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ornamented with strongly bulging metallic spots, resembles that of the representatives of the mainly Nearctic Lithariapteryx Chambers, 1876. However, the latter lacks CuP in the forewing, has a single bristle in the female frenulum, and lacks a well-developed cornutus. Helioandesia gen. nov. clustered as sister to Neoheliodines Hsu, 2004 in a cladistic analysis, although no synapomorphies were found for this cluster, while Lithariapteryx was sister to Helioandesia gen. nov. + Neoheliodines based on two synapomorphies. The genetic distance between a DNA barcode sequence of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. and representatives of other genera of Heliodinidae Heinemann, 1877 was 9.0–12.5% (K2P), and a maximum likelihood analysis based on this molecular marker confirmed the placement of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. as a member of this micromoth family. This contribution represents the first confirmed record of Heliodinidae for Chile.
Opioid-Free Recovery from Bunionectomy with HTX-011, a Dual-Acting Local Anesthetic Combining Bupivacaine and Meloxicam, as the Foundation of Non-Opioid Multimodal Analgesia
Authors: Pollak Richard , Cai Danlin , Gan Tong J. 
Published: January 2021

Background
There is a need for postoperative pain control that minimizes or eliminates opioid use during the first 72 hours following surgery, when pain is most severe. HTX-011 is an extended-release, dual-acting local anesthetic that demonstrated superior 72-hour analgesia over standard of care bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) and saline placebo in a phase 3 bunionectomy study (EPOCH-1). Having shown HTX-011 monotherapy is superior to bupivacaine HCl in reducing postoperative pain intensity and opioid use, this follow-on study evaluated the safety and efficacy of HTX-011 as the foundation of a multimodal analgesia (MMA) regimen using over-the-counter medications recommended by practice guidelines for pain management.

Methods
Following regional anesthesia administered as a lidocaine block, patients underwent unilateral bunionectomy with osteotomy and internal fixation. Prior to closure, HTX-011 (up to 60 mg bupivacaine/1.8 mg meloxicam) was applied without a needle. Patients received scheduled postoperative MMA alternating ibuprofen (600 mg) and acetaminophen (1 g) every 3 hours for 72 hours. Efficacy was assessed based on pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS; 0–10]) and consumption of opioid rescue medication (intravenous morphine milligram equivalents [MME]). Adverse event and vital sign monitoring, plus laboratory and wound healing assessments, were used to determine safety.

Results
Over the 72-hour assessment period following bunionectomy, mean pain scores were mild in severity (NRS <4) and 22/31 patients (71%) experienced no severe pain (NRS ≥7) with HTX-011 as the foundation of scheduled, non-opioid MMA. Patients consumed an average of 1.61 MME total, with 24/31 (77%) requiring no opioid rescue medication (opioid-free). HTX-011 was well-tolerated and demonstrated no safety concerns with the inclusion of postoperative MMA.

Conclusions
HTX-011 as the foundation of an MMA regimen including scheduled ibuprofen and acetaminophen maintained mean postoperative pain scores in the mild range and enabled opioid-free recovery for 77% of bunionectomy patients through the 28-day recovery period.
Cell Surface Functionalization with Heparin‐Conjugated Lipid to Suppress Blood Activation
Authors: Asawa Kenta , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Nilsson Bo , Teramura Yuji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrgan transplantation leads to damage of the endothelial glycocalyx of the transplanted organ, and the activated endothelial surface induces thromboinflammation. The result is dysfunction of the transplanted organ, known as ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Long‐term graft survival strongly depends on the regulation of IRI. Here the aim is to reconstruct the glycocalyx to regulate blood activation during IRI. Heparin‐conjugated lipid (fHep‐lipid) is synthesized with 0.6, 1.8, 2.7, 4.5, or 8.0 fragmented heparins per lipid to compare their anticoagulation activity. First, liposome and cells are modified with each fHep‐lipid and the surface properties are evaluated. Then the hemocompatibility of the modified human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is examined in a loop model using human blood. The antithrombin‐binding capacity and anti‐factor Xa activity of the fHep‐lipids depend on the number of conjugated heparins, with efficacy increasing with increasing number of heparins. The modified liposomes are highly negatively charged and show strong anti‐factor Xa activity. In addition, the cell surfaces of human erythrocytes and hMSCs can be uniformly modified with fHep‐lipid. The whole blood studies reveal that fHep‐lipid on hMSCs can prevent generation of thrombin–antithrombin complexes, coagulation markers, and platelet aggregation, whereas unmodified hMSCs trigger activation of the platelet and coagulation systems.
Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Perovskite
Authors: Shao Shuyan , Talsma Wytse , Pitaro Matteo , Dong Jingjin , Kahmann Simon , Rommens Alexander Joseph , Portale Giuseppe , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo date, there are no reports of 3D tin perovskite being used as a semiconducting channel in field‐effect transistors (FETs). This is probably due to the large amount of trap states and high p‐doping typical of this material. Here, the first top‐gate bottom‐contact FET using formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite films is reported as a semiconducting channel. These FET devices show a hole mobility of up to 0.21 cm2 V−1 s−1, an ION/OFF ratio of 104, and a relatively small threshold voltage (VTH) of 2.8 V. Besides the device geometry, the key factor explaining this performance is the reduced doping level of the active layer. In fact, by adding a small amount of the 2D material in the 3D tin perovskite, the crystallinity of FASnI3 is enhanced, and the trap density and hole carrier density are reduced by one order of magnitude. Importantly, these transistors show enhanced parameters after 20 months of storage in a N2 atmosphere.
Organoboron‐Containing Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Dai Kuan , Zheng Yuan , Wei Weifeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolymer electrolytes (PEs) have been deemed as a sought‐after candidate for next‐generation lithium batteries. Substantial effort has been dedicated to exploiting PEs with improved comprehensive performance. Organoboron compounds have aroused great interest in PEs due to their distinct characteristics such as high design diversity, excellent thermal stability, promoting lithium‐ion transportation, and raising Li+ transference number. Organoboron compounds also have unique functions that facilitate the development of a stable solid electrolyte interface on the electrode surface. Their diversified structures and multiple functions are fundamentally associated with boron's hybridization form that determines the electronic structure of boron as a central atom. Here, recent advancement in organoboron‐containing PEs is reviewed in the aspect of polymer matrixes with boron moieties and organoboron additives for PEs. This review aims to highlight the diverse roles and high application potentials of organoboron compounds utilized in PEs. It is anticipated to provide a clear perspective of organoboron‐containing PEs and to spur more research interests for the exploration of safe and efficient lithium batteries.
Template‐Free Self‐Caging Nanochemistry for Large‐Scale Synthesis of Sulfonated‐Graphene@Sulfur Nanocage for Long‐Life Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Peng , Feng Lan‐Xiang , Ma Dai‐Chuan , Sun Xiao‐Rong , Pei Jing‐Ke , Zha Xiang‐Jun , Bao Rui‐Ying , Wang Yu , Yang Ming‐Bo , Guo Zai‐Ping , Yang Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBig volume changes, the shuttle effect, and poor conductivity are well‐known, critical issues of sulfur electrodes that prevent practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries. The design of active materials with a conductive shell provides an effective solution. Traditional strategies have long been limited for practical applications; however, by low productivity and time/energy consuming template‐based methods. Here, a facile template‐free self‐caging nanotechnology for the scalable fabrication of graphene@sulfur nanocages with atomic‐scale shells is reported. To do that, a new sulfur‐graphene nanochemistry based on a reductive sulfur solution and oxidative sulfonated‐graphene dispersion is developed for the first time. With only the help of mechanical mixing, sulfur particles are successfully synthesized in situ and encapsulated into reaction‐induced self‐assembled sulfonated‐graphene nanocages. These unique nanocages not only provide accommodation of the big volume changes in the active materials, but also exhibit robust polysulfide trapping capability due to the synergistic effects from physical blocking and strong chemical absorption. As a result, the resultant sulfur cathodes deliver superior electrochemical performance and have shown an extremely slow capacity decay of 0.019% per cycle at 0.5 C for over 2000 cycles. This study introduces a new self‐caging nanochemistry for scalable synthesis of functional nanocages with significant applications beyond lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Chemically Stabilized and Functionalized 2D‐MXene with Deep Eutectic Solvents as Versatile Dispersion Medium
Authors: Kim Jeonghui , Yoon Yeoheung , Kim Seong K. , Park Seungyoung , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Jung Ha‐Kyun , Lee Sun Sook , Yoon Dae Ho , An Ki‐Seok 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, namely MXenes, are normally synthesized in acidic solutions and are delaminated in basic solutions. This results in versatile materials with unique physical/chemical properties suitable for various practical applications. However, solution‐based chemical treatments can affect the chemical structures of MXenes, which accelerates the oxidation reactions and degrades their intrinsic properties. Here, long‐term stable Ti3C2Tx dispersion in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) that resisted oxidation degradation for up to 28 weeks is demonstrated. As an anti‐oxidative dispersion medium, DESs helped prevent oxidation of Ti3C2Tx layers due to hydrogen bond accepting and donating molecules passivated surface of the Ti3C2Tx. In addition, DES molecules in bulk solution can also be hydrated in the presence of water, which stabilizes reactive oxygen by forming stable DES‐water cluster. Therefore, the use of DESs enhanced the delamination of the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, while preventing oxidation of the nanosheets in solution and even in their dried state. As a result, thick and thin films of Ti3C2Tx fabricated using DESs exhibited stable sheet resistance in comparison with pristine‐Ti3C2Tx. In addition, Ti3C2Tx dispersed in DESs can be applied as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors, in which they showed higher chemical stability and better performance than pristine Ti3C2Tx.
Efficient Electrical Doping of Organic Semiconductors Via an Orthogonal Liquid‐Liquid Contact
Authors: Sun Lulu , Yang Mengyuan , Dong Xinyun , Hu Lu , Hu Lin , Xie Cong , Liu Tiefeng , Qin Fei , Wang Wen , Jiang Youyu , Wu Mengying , Cao Wei , Larrain Felipe A. , Fuentes‐Hernandez Canek , Meng Ke , Kippelen Bernard , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDoping is an effective strategy to tune the electrical properties of organic semiconductors. Traditional solution‐processed doping methods, including “host‐dopant mixing‐doping” and “post‐fabrication doping” methods, present challenges for their use in applications in optoelectronic devices. This work reports about a novel method to prepare electrically doped films, the authors call orthogonal liquid‐liquid‐contact (OLLC) doping. In OLLC doping, dopant and polymer semiconductors are dissolved in water and an organic solvent, respectively, and electrical doping occurs during film formation at the orthogonal liquid‐liquid (aqueous‐organic) interface. A large free volume of polymer and dopant in their solutions enables diffusion for effective doping. Thanks to the high surface tension of water, nanometer‐thick polymer films form spontaneously on the aqueous surface and simultaneously get doped. The doped thin polymer films on the aqueous surface can be easily transferred to devices to facilitate hole collection/injection in organic photovoltaics and light‐emitting diodes with solution‐processed top electrodes.
Noble Metal Nanomaterials for NIR‐Triggered Photothermal Therapy in Cancer
Authors: Lv Zhuoqian , He Sijia , Wang Youfu , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is of great significance to develop anticancer therapeutic agents or technologies with high degree of specificity and patient compliance, while low toxicity. The emerging photothermal therapy (PTT) has become a new and powerful therapeutic technology due to its noninvasiveness, high specificity, low side effects to normal tissues and strong anticancer efficacy. Noble metal nanomaterials possess strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and synthetic tunability, which make them facile and effective PTT agents with superior optical and photothermal characteristics, such as high absorption cross‐section, incomparable optical‐thermal conversion efficiency in the near infrared (NIR) region, as well as the potential of bioimaging. By incorporating with various functional reagents such as antibodies, peptides, biocompatible polymers, chemo‐drug and immune factors, noble metal nanomaterials have presented strong potential in multifunctional cancer therapy. Herein, the recent development regarding the application of noble metal nanomaterials for NIR‐triggered PTT in cancer treatment is summarized. A variety of studies with good therapeutic effects against cancer from impressive photothermal efficacy of noble metal nanomaterials are concluded. Intelligent nanoplatforms through ingenious fabrication showing potential of multifunctional PTT, combined with chemo‐therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), as well as simultaneous imaging modality are also demonstrated.
In Situ Lignin Modification toward Photonic Wood
Authors: Xia Qinqin , Chen Chaoji , Yao Yonggang , He Shuaiming , Wang Xizheng , Li Jianguo , Gao Jinlong , Gan Wentao , Jiang Bo , Cui Mingjin , Hu Liangbing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLignin serves as a binder that forms strong matrices of the cell walls of wood. However, it has many photolabile chromophore groups that create a monotonic brownish color and make wood susceptible to photodegradation. Herein, a new strategy is reported for modifying lignin using an in situ, rapid, and scalable process that involves the photocatalytic oxidation of native lignin in wood by H2O2 and UV light. The reaction selectively eliminates lignin's chromophores while leaving the aromatic skeleton intact, thus modulating the optical properties of wood. The resulting “photonic wood” retains ≈80% of its original lignin content, which continues to serve as a strong binder and water‐proofing agent. As a result, photonic wood features a much higher mechanical strength in a wet environment (20‐times higher tensile strength and 12‐times greater compression resistance), significant scalability (≈2 m long sample), and largely reduced processing times (1–6.5 h vs 4–14 h) compared with delignification methods. Additionally, this in situ lignin‐modified wood structure is easily patterned through a photocatalytic oxidation process. This photocatalytic production of photonic wood paves the way for the large‐scale manufacturing of sustainable biosourced functional materials for a range of applications, including energy‐efficient buildings, optical management, and fluidic, ionic, electronic, and optical devices.
Tuning the Selective Adsorption Site of Biomass on Co3O4 by Ir Single Atoms for Electrosynthesis
Authors: Lu Yuxuan , Liu Tianyang , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Li Yafei , Chen Jun , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe electrosynthesis from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is considered a green strategy to achieve biomass‐derived high‐value chemicals. As the molecular structure of HMF is relatively complicated, understanding the HMF adsorption/catalysis behavior on electrocatalysts is vital for biomass‐based electrosynthesis. The electrocatalysis behavior can be modulated by tuning the adsorption energy of the reactive molecules. In this work, the HMF adsorption behavior on spinel oxide, Co3O4 is discovered. Correspondingly, the adsorption energy of HMF on Co3O4 is successfully tuned by decorating with single‐atom Ir. It is observed that compared with bare Co3O4, single‐atom‐Ir‐loaded Co3O4 (Ir‐Co3O4) can enhance adsorption with the CC groups of HMF. The synergetic adsorption can enhance the overall conversion of HMF on electrocatalysts. With the modulated HMF adsorption, the as‐designed Ir‐Co3O4 exhibits a record performance (with an onset potential of 1.15 VRHE) for the electrosynthesis from HMF.
From Understanding Mechanical Behavior to Curvature Prediction of Humidity‐Triggered Bilayer Actuators
Authors: Dingler Carsten , Müller Henry , Wieland Matthias , Fauser Dominik , Steeb Holger , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNature will always be an endless source of bioinspiration for man‐made smart materials and multifunctional devices. Impressively, even cutoff leaves from resurrection plants can autonomously and reproducibly change their shape upon humidity changes, which goes along with total recovery of their mechanical properties after being completely dried. In this work, simple bilayers are presented as autonomously moving, humidity‐triggered bending actuators. The bilayers—showing reproducible bending behavior with reversible kinematics and multiway behavior—are studied in terms of their mechanical behavior upon humidity changes. The active layer consists of a highly conducting polymer film based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as passive layer. The response to humidity is explored with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Introduction of a composite beam model allows to predict the curvature of the actuators with input from the rheological measurements. It is clearly demonstrated that volumetric strain and Young's modulus, both heavily influenced by the water uptake, dominate the bending behavior and therefore the curvature of the actuators. This loop of rheological characterization coupled with an analytical model allows to predict curvatures of in principle any complex geometry and material combination for moving parts in soft robotics.