bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine virtual reality based skin image in children's dermatology medical system
Authors: Gao Juanjuan , Lyu Chong , Qiao Xianhua , Tian Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt present, with the rapid development of computer and communication technology and people's demand for medical technology services, telemedicine virtual reality technology has become a high‐tech hot spot in the information age and a new trend in the development of the medical industry. However, my country's high‐quality medical resources are mainly concentrated in large and medium‐sized cities, and there is an urgent need to improve the fairness of medical services. Telemedicine virtual reality technology has received more and more attention from people, has been widely used worldwide, and has become an important part of hospital information engineering. This article first introduces the basic concepts of telemedicine virtual reality technology, the latest development of telemedicine virtual reality technology and related technologies, and then introduces the system in detail. The system is functionally divided into two parts: consulting management and system management. Consulting management includes all remote business consulting processes; system management includes management of medical resources and user data, and then detailed description and visualization of the development and use of disease model libraries. Telemedicine completely separates the rehabilitation area of skin patients from the hospital, and patients can complete relief and rehabilitation outdoors or even when they are discharged from the hospital. As a remote access device, telemedicine virtual reality technology has been popularized to a certain extent. The general patient group represented by patients with stable skin conditions has improved their understanding of telemedicine technology, which is beneficial to the development of telemedicine virtual reality technology. The utilization rate, safety, rehabilitation effect and completion rate of telemedicine virtual reality technology are as high as 85%, 92%, and 96%, respectively, saving a lot of time and medical expenses. Therefore, telemedicine virtual reality technology is also the direction of my country's next medical reform, and it can also be used in other aspects of continuing education of telemedicine virtual reality technology.
Phenotypical peculiarities and species‐specific differences of canine and murine satellite glial cells of spinal ganglia
Authors: Huang Bei , Zdora Isabel , de Buhr Nicole , Lehmbecker Annika , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Leitzen Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSatellite glial cells (SGCs) are located in the spinal ganglia (SG) of the peripheral nervous system and tightly envelop each neuron. They preserve tissue homeostasis, protect neurons and react in response to injury. This study comparatively characterizes the phenotype of murine (mSGCs) and canine SGCs (cSGCs). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence as well as 2D and 3D imaging techniques were performed to describe a SGC‐specific marker panel, identify potential functional subsets and other phenotypical, species‐specific peculiarities. Glutamine synthetase (GS) and the potassium channel Kir 4.1 are SGC‐specific markers in murine and canine SG. Furthermore, a subset of mSGCs showed CD45 immunoreactivity and the majority of mSGCs were immunopositive for neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), indicating an immune and a progenitor cell character. The majority of cSGCs were immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 2',3'‐cyclic‐nucleotide 3'‐phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and Sox2. Therefore, cSGCs resemble central nervous system glial cells and progenitor cells. SGCs lacked expression of macrophage markers CD107b, Iba1 and CD204. Double labelling with GS/Kir 4.1 highlights the unique anatomy of SGC‐neuron units and emphasizes the indispensability of further staining and imaging techniques for closer insights into the specific distribution of markers and potential colocalizations.
Adaptation and correlated fitness responses over two time scales in Drosophila suzukii populations evolving in different environments
Authors: Olazcuaga Laure , Foucaud Julien , Gautier Mathieu , Deschamps Candice , Loiseau Anne , Leménager Nicolas , Facon Benoit , Ravigné Virginie , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Estoup Arnaud , Rode Nicolas O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe process of local adaptation involves differential changes in fitness over time across different environments. Although experimental evolution studies have extensively tested for patterns of local adaptation at a single time point, there is relatively little research that examines fitness more than once during the time course of adaptation. We allowed replicate populations of the fruit pest Drosophila suzukii to evolve in one of eight different fruit media. After five generations, populations with the highest initial levels of maladaptation had mostly gone extinct, whereas experimental populations evolving on cherry, strawberry and cranberry media had survived. We measured the fitness of each surviving population in each of the three fruit media after five and after 26 generations of evolution. After five generations, adaptation to each medium was associated with increased fitness in the two other media. This was also true after 26 generations, except when populations that evolved on cranberry medium developed on cherry medium. These results suggest that, in the theoretical framework of a fitness landscape, the fitness optima of cherry and cranberry media are the furthest apart. Our results show that studying how fitness changes across several environments and across multiple generations provides insights into the dynamics of local adaptation that would not be evident if fitness were analysed at a single point in time. By allowing a qualitative mapping of an experimental fitness landscape, our approach will improve our understanding of the ecological factors that drive the evolution of local adaptation in D. suzukii.
Minimizing insecticides for control of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in soft fruit using bait sprays
Authors: Noble Ralph , Walker Adam , Whitfield Charles , Harris Adrian , Dobrovin‐Pennington Andreja , Fountain Michelle T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrosophila suzukii is a major pest of soft fruits, laying eggs in fruit before it is harvested. Control remains dependent on routine applications of insecticides. In semi‐field experiments, we tested the possibility of reducing the amount of insecticide needed to control D. suzukii by combining lower rates, volumes and area of application, in combination with phagostimulant baits in comparison with full field rates of the insecticides and an untreated control. The baits were (1) Combi‐protec—a proprietary mixture of plant extract, proteins and sugars, (2) a suspension of the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum and (3) molasses. Low insecticide rates were 4% of the full rates and were attained by diluting the insecticide concentration in the spray and reducing the sprayed volume. The low rate was applied as a coarse quality spray in a swath across the middle of the strawberry or raspberry crop. The full rate was applied as fine droplets to the entire crop canopy. In strawberry, the Combi‐protec with a low rate of cyantraniliprole resulted in the same level of control of D. suzukii as the full rate. Combi‐protec was a more effective bait than the H. uvarum suspension. In raspberry, the average spray deposit coverage on the crop was approximately eight times higher with the full rate application compared with the low rate application. However, low rates of cyantraniliprole and spinosad with Combi‐protec or molasses baits were equally effective in D. suzukii control compared with the full rates of insecticides. In raspberry, the cost of the four full rate sprays of insecticides was £74 ha‐1 or £314 ha‐1 more than the four low rate insecticide sprays with Combi‐protec or molasses, respectively. The low rates of application resulted in fruit insecticide residues being less than 11% of those from raspberries sprayed with the full rates.
Benign lymphoproliferative disorders in the immunosuppressed patient: an update
Authors: Robinson Liam , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , van Heerden Willie F. P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunosuppressed patients may be affected by a wide range of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) ranging from self‐limiting disorders to malignant lymphoid proliferations. These LPDs may be associated with systemic immune disorders, develop following organ transplantation or occur in the background of other forms of iatrogenic immunosuppression. Lymphotropic viruses, including Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV8), have been associated with the pathogenesis of distinct LPDs. The resulting classification of this group of disorders is very complex and inconsistent, with several new and emerging entities. Consequently, the diagnosis of an LPD, especially in an immunosuppressed patient, and its subsequent clinical management usually represent an important pitfall in daily clinical and pathology work. Therefore, the aim of this review was to use the available literature to describe the clinicopathological features of the most important benign LPDs that may be diagnosed in the head and neck region of immunosuppressed patients. Original clinical and microscopic images were used to illustrate some of these entities.
Oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas: A multi‐institutional collaborative study
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Conte Neto Nicolau , de Souza Lucas Lacerda , Rodrigues‐Fernandes Carla Isabelly , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Soares Ciro Dantas , de Carvalho Maria Goretti Freire , Agostini Michelle , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Romañach Mário José , Zanella Virgilio Gonzales , Barra Marinez Bizarro , Martins Manoela Domingues , Souto Giovanna Ribeiro , Etges Adriana , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Pontes Flávia Sirotheau Correa , Vargas Pablo Agustin , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Pires Fábio Ramôa , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymphomas in the oral and oropharyngeal regions are relatively uncommon, and their diagnosis is challenging and complex due to the myriad histopathological subtypes. Herein, we report a large series of oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas and compare our data with the currently available literature.MethodsAll cases diagnosed as lymphomas affecting the oral and oropharyngeal regions were retrospectively retrieved from seven Brazilian institutions. Clinicodemographic data and histopathological features were evaluated and described, while a comprehensive literature review was undertaken in order to compare our findings.ResultsA total of 304 cases of oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas were obtained, mostly affecting individuals aged 60–69 years (n = 68) with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.2 ± 20.1 years. Males and females were equally affected. Mature B‐cell neoplasms (87.2%) were the most common group, followed by mature T‐ and NK‐cell neoplasms (11.2%) and precursor lymphoid neoplasms (1.6%). The most frequent subtypes in each group were diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (n = 99), extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphomas, nasal type (n = 12), and B‐lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphomas, not otherwise specified (n = 4). The most commonly involved sites were the palate (26.3%), mandible (13%), and maxilla (10.5%).ConclusionDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, remains the most common subtype of lymphomas in the oral and oropharyngeal region. Older patients are the most affected, with no gender predilection and the palate and jaw are usually affected.
The Abraham Accords and Religious Tolerance: Three Tales of Faith‐Based Foreign‐Policy Agenda Setting
Authors: Jeong Hae Won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow do religious tolerance and religious freedom affect foreign policy? How are they institutionalized across the signatories of the Abraham Accords? This article examines foreign policy agenda setting of religious tolerance in the United States, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates. In the first section, the article analyzes discursive representations of the common roots of the three monotheistic religions and identifies recurrent tropes that highlight idealistic undertones in the Abraham Accords Declaration. In the following section, it critically examines the nexus between domestic and international politics and assesses the compatibility between social and public policy and foreign‐policy agenda setting centered on interfaith diplomacy and dialogue. While this article acknowledges Donald Trump's and previous US presidents’ contributions to the advancement of international religious freedom, it argues that Trump's conflicting standards and selective approaches to foreign policy and human rights preceding the agreement have failed to promote constructive relations for furthering faith‐based diplomacy. This article suggests that while the United States and the UAE laid the groundwork for promoting religious freedom and tolerance leading up to the Abraham Accords, projecting a coherent foreign‐policy narrative across these contexts is hampered by institutional, legal, and political considerations.
Allies as adversaries: China, the Netherlands and clashing nationalisms in the emergence of the post‐war order, 1942–1945
Authors: Chang Vincent K L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOutside of the dominant frame depicting World War II as a showdown between the Allied and Axis powers, the war also represented a critical juncture in the global battle between empire and nation. In Asia, the war allowed a “semi‐colonial” China to successfully reclaim its sovereignty from both its allies and enemies and compelled the Dutch to forfeit colonial rule in Indonesia and its prestige as a regional power. Moving beyond conventional dichotomies and great‐power bias, this paper analyses two portentous wartime controversies between China and the Netherlands, whose common goals as allies did not prevent clashes over diametrically opposed national pursuits. In exposing the conflicting nature of their respective nationalisms, these disputes elucidate the interplay of war, nationalism, and imperialism in East Asia as well as China's changing place in the emergent post‐war regional and global orders. The Dutch refusal to accept these shifting realities and underlying notions of national self‐determination presaged the traumatic trajectory of Indonesia's decolonisation.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear Sw‐5b NLR act both independently and synergistically to confer full host defense against tospovirus infection
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Qian Xin , Chen Xiaojiao , Yang Tongqing , Feng Mingfeng , Chen Jing , Cheng Ruixiang , Hong Hao , Zheng Ying , Mei Yuzhen , Shen Danyu , Xu Yi , Zhu Min , Ding Xin Shun , Tao Xiaorong 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Plant intracellular nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) receptors play critical roles in mediating host immunity to pathogen attack. We use tomato Sw‐5b::tospovirus as a model system to study the specific role of the compartmentalized plant NLR in dictating host defenses against the virus at different infection steps.

We demonstrated here that tomato NLR Sw‐5b distributes to the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, to play different roles in inducing host resistances against tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) infection. The cytoplasmic‐enriched Sw‐5b induces a strong cell death response to inhibit TSWV replication. This host response is, however, insufficient to block viral intercellular and long‐distance movement. The nuclear‐enriched Sw‐5b triggers a host defense that weakly inhibits viral replication but strongly impedes virus intercellular and systemic movement. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic and nuclear Sw‐5b act synergistically to dictate a full host defense of TSWV infection.

We further demonstrated that the extended N‐terminal Solanaceae domain (SD) of Sw‐5b plays critical roles in cytoplasm/nucleus partitioning. Sw‐5b NLR controls its cytoplasm localization. Strikingly, the SD but not coil‐coil domain is crucial for Sw‐5b receptor to import into the nucleus to trigger the immunity. The SD was found to interact with importins. Silencing both importin α and β expression disrupted Sw‐5b nucleus import and host immunity against TSWV systemic infection.

Collectively, our findings suggest that Sw‐5b bifurcates disease resistances by cytoplasm/nucleus partitioning to block different infection steps of TSWV. The findings also identified a new regulatory role of extra domain of a plant NLR in mediating host innate immunity.
Genotypic variation in maize (Zea mays) influences rates of soil organic matter mineralization and gross nitrification
Authors: Mwafulirwa Lumbani , Paterson Eric , Cairns Jill E. , Daniell Tim J. , Thierfelder Christian , Baggs Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Agricultural management practices that increase soil organic matter (SOM), such as no‐tillage (NT) with crop residue retention, together with crop varieties best able to source nutrients from SOM, may help reverse soil degradation and improve soil nutrient supply and uptake by plants in low‐input environments of tropical and subtropical areas.

Here, we screened germplasm representing genetic diversity within tropical maize breeding programmes in relation to shaping SOM mineralization. Then we assessed effects of contrasting genotypes on nitrification rates, and genotype‐by‐management history interactions on these rates.

SOM‐C mineralization and gross nitrification rates varied under different maize genotypes. Cumulative SOM‐C mineralization increased with root diameter but decreased with increasing root length. Strong influences of management history and interaction of maize genotype‐by‐management history on nitrification were observed. Overall, nitrification rates were higher in NT soil with residue retention.

We propose that there is potential to exploit genotypic variation in traits associated with SOM mineralization and nitrification within breeding programmes. Root diameter and length could be used as proxies for root–soil interactions driving these processes. Development of maize varieties with enhanced ability to mineralize SOM combined with NT and residue retention to build/replenish SOM could be key to sustainable production.
Wood ash and water: Cause of superficial alkaline burns in a toddler
Authors: Jackson Abigail , Odom Carolyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThough seemingly innocuous, the combination of wood ash and water can result in an alkaline solution with a pH up to 12, making it a burn risk. A 2‐year‐old boy developed a significant irritant reaction to his arms and legs while playing outdoors in wood ashes with a water gun. This case is novel because an unintentional, trivial exposure resulted in ulcerative irritant dermatitis. It is necessary to raise awareness of the corrosive risk from wood ash and water in the medical community, especially in primary and emergency care settings, to improve recognition of ash‐water burns and irritant contact dermatitis and to ensure appropriate treatment.
An automatic workflow for orientation of historical images with large radiometric and geometric differences
Authors: Maiwald Ferdinand , Maas Hans‐Gerd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis contribution proposes a workflow for a completely automatic orientation of historical terrestrial urban images. Automatic structure from motion (SfM) software packages often fail when applied to historical image pairs due to large radiometric and geometric differences causing challenges with feature extraction and reliable matching. As an innovative initialising step, the proposed method uses the neural network D2‐Net for feature extraction and Lowe’s mutual nearest neighbour matcher. The principal distance for every camera is estimated using vanishing point detection. The results were compared to three state‐of‐the‐art SfM workflows (Agisoft Metashape, Meshroom and COLMAP) with the proposed workflow outperforming the other SfM tools. The resulting camera orientation data are planned to be imported into a web and virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) application for the purpose of knowledge transfer in cultural heritage.
Molecular Mechanisms of UVR8‐Mediated Photomorphogenesis Derived from Revaluation of Action Spectra
Authors: Takeda Junko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsidering previously reported action spectra and molecular evidence, I propose a hypothetical model for UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8)‐mediated photomorphogenesis. Upon UV‐B irradiation, a UVR8 dimer dissociates and accumulates in the nucleus and photomorphogenesis begins following two pathways: one in which the UVR8 monomer binds to transcription factor(s) of gene(s) supporting hypocotyl growth to stop gene expression resulting in hypocotyl growth inhibition and the other in which the UVR8 monomer binds both with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1‐SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA (COP1‐SPA) to release HY5 (referred to as “stabilized”) and WRKY DNA‐BINDING PROTEIN 36 (WRKY36) on the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) gene to release HY5 transcription, and both HY5 and another UV‐B‐activated UV‐B sensor (denoted the Hyp sensor in this article) through a self‐interacting factor (HIF) associates with the HY5 promoter to initiate HY5 transcription, leading to anthocyanin synthesis. These two pathways can be distinguished by action spectra in the UV‐B region, with a single peak at 280 nm and two peaks (or a broad peak near 280–300 nm) for the former and the latter, respectively. Expanding the concept to cyanobacteria and other algae, I discuss the evolution of a UV‐B sensor in green plants.
Group‐level physiological synchrony and individual‐level anxiety predict positive affective behaviors during a group decision‐making task
Authors: Gordon Ilanit , Wallot Sebastian , Berson Yair 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJoint performance can lead to the synchronization of physiological processes among group members during a shared task. Recently, it has been shown that synchronization is indicative of subjective ratings of group processes and task performance. However, different methods have been used to quantify synchronization, and little is known about the effects of the choice of method and level of analysis (individuals, dyads, or triads) on the results. In this study, participants performed a decision‐making task in groups of three while physiological signals (heart rate and electrodermal activity), positive affective behavior, and personality traits were measured. First, we investigated the effects of different levels of analysis of physiological synchrony on affective behavior. We computed synchrony measures as (a) individual contributions to group synchrony, (b) the average dyadic synchrony within a group, and (c) group‐level synchrony. Second, we assessed the association between physiological synchrony and positive affective behavior. Third, we investigated the moderating effects of trait anxiety and social phobia on behavior. We discovered that the effects of physiological synchrony on positive affective behavior were particularly strong at the group level but nonsignificant at the individual and dyadic levels. Moreover, we found that heart rate and electrodermal synchronization showed opposite effects on group members' display of affective behavior. Finally, trait anxiety moderated the relationship between physiological synchrony and affective behavior, perhaps due to social uncertainty, while social phobia did not have a moderating effect. We discuss these results regarding the role of different physiological signals and task demands during joint action.