bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Dirac-like surface state bands on the top surface of BiSe
Authors: Lohani H. , Majhi K. , Ganesan R. , Gonzalez S. , Di Santo G. , Petaccia L. , Anil Kumar P. S. , Sekhar B. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Weak topological insulators (TIs) host non-trivial topological surface state bands (SSBs) at the side surface of the crystal while the top (001) surface can be topologically either dark or light. In our detailed angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) study we found Dirac-like linearly dispersive SSBs on the (001) surface of BiSe and Sb-doped (8%) BiSe. The lower part of the SSBs buries deep in the bulk valence band (BVB) and the overlap region between the SSBs and BVB increases significantly with Sb doping. These results highlight the role of the interlayer coupling between the Bi bilayer and the Bi2Se3 quintuple layer (QL). Furthermore, in the overlap region the SSBs deviate from the Dirac-like linear dispersion. Interestingly, we observed a large intensity imbalance

) in the SSBs located at the positive and negative

directions. This asymmetry pattern

) gradually reverses to

) as the excitation energy scans from low (14 eV) to high (34 eV) values. The observed photon energy-dependent intensity variation could be a signature of the mixing between the spin and the orbit texture of the SSBs.
Oil as Solution to the Problems of Oil
Authors: Conway Kyle , Robertson Manjulika E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In North America, one factor shaping petromodernity is the idea that oil offers a solution to the very problems it causes. This article examines that paradox, focusing on the 1950s. It analyzes a set of pamphlets from the Petroleum Industry School Program that were distributed by the American Petroleum Institute (API), the trade organization that promotes the US oil industry. It first describes the evolution of support for and opposition to the oil industry as well as that of the ideas of freedom that the industry sought to mobilize to gain public support. Next it describes the content of the pamphlets, which employed a series of binary pairs, such as success/failure and risk/reward. API used these pairs to craft stories that acknowledged problems inherent in the oil industry, invoked their inverse, and showed how oil solved them. This article concludes by describing the real-world consequences of API’s efforts as they were manifest in processes of policy formation in North Dakota during its 1951–54 oil boom. Through its efforts to frame discussions about oil, API made it possible for political leaders to make decisions about technical issues from which the oil industry stood to benefit.
HoxD transcription factors define monosynaptic sensory-motor specificity in the developing spinal cord
Authors: Imai Fumiyasu , Adam Mike , Potter S. Steven , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The specificity of monosynaptic connections between proprioceptive sensory neurons and their recipient spinal motor neurons depends on multiple factors, including motor neuron positioning and dendrite morphology, axon projection patterns of proprioceptive sensory neurons in the spinal cord, and the ligand-receptor molecules involved in cell-to-cell recognition. However, with few exceptions, the transcription factors engaged in this process are poorly characterized. Here, we show that members of the HoxD family of transcription factors play a crucial role in the specificity of monosynaptic sensory-motor connections. Mice lacking Hoxd9, Hoxd10 and Hoxd11 exhibit defects in locomotion but have no obvious defects in motor neuron positioning or dendrite morphology through the medio-lateral and rostro-caudal axes. However, we found that quadriceps motor neurons in these mice show aberrant axon development and receive inappropriate inputs from proprioceptive sensory axons innervating the obturator muscle. These genetic studies demonstrate that the HoxD transcription factors play an integral role in the synaptic specificity of monosynaptic sensory-motor connections in the developing spinal cord.
Local protein synthesis of neuronal MT1-MMP for agrin-induced presynaptic development
Authors: Yu Jun , Oentaryo Marilyn Janice , Lee Chi Wai 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Upon the stimulation of extracellular cues, a significant number of proteins are synthesized distally along the axon. Although local protein synthesis is crucial for various stages throughout neuronal development, its involvement in presynaptic differentiation at developing neuromuscular junctions remains unknown. By using axon severing and microfluidic chamber assays, we first showed that treatment of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, inhibits agrin-induced presynaptic differentiation in cultured Xenopus spinal neurons. Newly synthesized proteins are prominently detected, as revealed by the staining of click-reactive cell-permeable puromycin analog O-propargyl-puromycin, at agrin bead-neurite contacts involving the mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway. Next, live-cell time-lapse imaging demonstrated the local capturing and immobilization of ribonucleoprotein granules upon agrin bead stimulation. Given that our recent study reported the roles of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in agrin-induced presynaptic differentiation, here we further showed that MT1-MMP mRNA is spatially enriched and locally translated at sites induced by agrin beads. Taken together, this study reveals an essential role for axonal MT1-MMP translation, on top of the well-recognized long-range transport of MT1-MMP proteins synthesized from neuronal cell bodies, in mediating agrin-induced presynaptic differentiation.
Defective mesothelium and limited physical space are drivers of dysregulated lung development in a genetic model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Gilbert Rachel M. , Schappell Laurel E. , Gleghorn Jason P. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental disorder associated with diaphragm defects and lung hypoplasia. The etiology of CDH is complex and its clinical presentation is variable. We investigated the role of the pulmonary mesothelium in dysregulated lung growth noted in the Wt1 knockout mouse model of CDH. Loss of WT1 leads to intrafetal effusions, altered lung growth, and branching defects prior to normal closure of the diaphragm. We found significant differences in key genes; however, when Wt1 null lungs were cultured ex vivo, growth and branching were indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. Micro-CT imaging of embryos in situ within the uterus revealed a near absence of space in the dorsal chest cavity, but no difference in total chest cavity volume in Wt1 null embryos, indicating a redistribution of pleural space. The altered space and normal ex vivo growth suggest that physical constraints are contributing to the CDH lung phenotype observed in this mouse model. These studies emphasize the importance of examining the mesothelium and chest cavity as a whole, rather than focusing on single organs in isolation to understand early CDH etiology.
Social Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Community Establishments’ Closure Decisions Follow Those of Nearby Chain Establishments
Authors: de Vaan Mathijs , Mumtaz Saqib , Nagaraj Abhishek , Srivastava Sameer B. 
Published: May 2021

As conveners that bring various stakeholders into the same physical space, firms can powerfully influence the course of pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019. Even when operating under government orders and health guidelines, firms have considerable discretion to keep their establishments open or closed during a pandemic. We examine the role of social learning in the exercise of this discretion at the establishment level. In particular, we evaluate how the closure decisions of chain establishments, which are associated with national brands, affect those of proximate, same-industry community establishments, which are independently owned or managed. We conduct these analyses using cell phone location tracking data on daily visits to 230,403 U.S.-based community establishments that are colocated with chain establishments affiliated with 319 national brands. We disentangle the effects of social learning from confounding factors by using an instrumental variables strategy that relies on local variation in community establishments’ exposure to closure decisions made by brands at the national level. Our results suggest that closing decisions of community establishments are affected by the decisions made by chain establishments; a community establishment is 3.5% more likely to be open on a given day if the proportion of nearby open chain establishments increases by one standard deviation. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
Laser frequency stabilization via bichromatic Doppler-free spectroscopy
of an 87Rb D1 line
Authors: Zhao Minhua , Jiang Xunda , Fang Ruihuan , Qiu Yuxiang , Ma Zhu , Han Chengyin , Lu Bo , Lee Chaohong 
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate a bichromatic Doppler-free spectroscopy of an

87

R
b

D

1

line by using a dual-frequency,
counterpropagating laser field with orthogonal linear polarizations. A
reversed Doppler-free resonance dip is observed in the dual-frequency
scheme, and a significant improvement of frequency discrimination
curve is acquired due to the coherent population trapping (CPT)
effect. The influence of the static magnetic field and laser intensity
on the spectroscopy is studied in both single- and dual-frequency
schemes. After locking the laser frequency to the

87

R
b

D

1

line in the dual-frequency
stabilization scheme, the beat note fractional frequency stability is
at the level of

7
×

10

−
12

at 1 s integration time. This
technique can be used in various applications, such as CPT atomic
clocks, laser spectroscopy, quantum optics, and laser-cooling
experiments.
Experimental investigation of 16.6 Gbps SDM-WDM visible light communication based on a neural network receiver and tricolor mini-LEDs
Authors: Liu Xin , Wei Zixian , Li Mutong , Wang Lei , Liu Zhongxu , Yu Changyuan , Wang Lai , Luo Yi , Fu H. Y. 
Published: May 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) based on a light-emitting diode (LED) suffers from a limited bandwidth of commercial LED, device nonlinearity, channel distortion, and transmitted power caused by a complex free-space channel, power amplifier, and illuminant devices resulting in a limited data rate. In this Letter, to provide an alternative high-speed solution, we first designed and fabricated three 175 µm tricolor mini-LEDs with various wavelengths. They are used to set up a spatial division multiplexing-wavelength division multiplexing VLC system over a 2 m link. Then we utilize a neural network receiver to replace the traditional channel estimation, equalization, and demodulation at the offline digital signal processing of the receiver. The experiment showed that the data rates of 2.65, 7, and 7 Gbps were achieved in three respective links using quadrature phase shift keying-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The three data rates have bit-error rates below the forward error correction limit, whose data rate sum of 16.6 Gbps is the highest mini/micro-LED-based VLC, to the best of our knowledge.
Comparison the effects of carotid endarterectomy with carotid artery stenting for contralateral carotid occlusion
Authors: Sun Yaxuan , Ding Yongxia , Meng Kun , Han Bin , Wang Jing , Han Yan 
Published: May 2021

Background
There have been inconsistent results regarding the use of carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) versus carotid artery stenting (CAS) for contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO). This study aimed to determine the optimal revascularization technique for patients with CCO.

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify eligible studies published from inception to January 2, 2021. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate pooled effect estimates using a random-effects model. Sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also performed.

Results
Six studies involving 6,953 patients were selected for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that while CEA was not associated with an increased risk of stroke compared to CAS (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.75–1.51; P = 0.713), CEA was associated with a reduced risk of death compared to CAS (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29–0.70; P < 0.001). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between CEA and CAS for the risks of myocardial infarction (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.73–2.62; P = 0.319) or major adverse cardiovascular events (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.56–1.88; P = 0.926). Finally, the risk of myocardial infarction for CEA versus CAS was affected by disease status, while the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events was affected by the proportions of patients with male gender, coronary artery disease, and current or prior smoking.

Conclusion
This study found that CEA and CAS resulted in similar outcomes for patients with CCO, while the risk of death was reduced in patients treated with CEA. Further high-level evidence should be collected to verify the results of this study.
Impact of varicella vaccine on nosocomial outbreaks and management of post exposure prophylaxis following in a paediatric hospital
Authors: Gentile Angela , Giglio Norberto , Lucion Maria Florencia , Martínez Ana Clara , Pejito Natalia , Juarez Maria del Valle 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
In 2015, varicella vaccine was introduced to the National Immunization Programme in a one-dose regimen for infants aged 15 months. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the epidemiologic characteristics, management strategies and costs of varicella outbreaks in Ricardo Gutierrez Children’s Hospital (HNRG) from 2000 to 2019, before (PreV period) and after (PostV period) the introduction of the varicella vaccine.

Methods
A retrospective, analytic study of the impact of nosocomial varicella outbreaks at the HNRG, based on active epidemiologic surveillance. We compared nosocomial varicella outbreaks rates (per 10,000 discharges) between PreV and PostV, excluding the intervention year (2015).

Results
During PreV, an average of 15.87 (13.91–18.02) outbreaks per year was observed and in PostV 5.5 per year (3.44–8.32). Outbreaks adjusted by all cause discharges showed a reduction of 59.13% (-36.68%, -73.62%) after vaccine introduction.
Considering that in PreV the average of susceptible cases per outbreak was 5.0 and in PostV 7.8, with a cost per susceptible of AR$ $6,522 (80.27 USD) PreV and 6,708 PostV the economic impact on the reduction of outbreaks after the introduction of the vaccine, showed an estimated average savings per year of AR$ -252,128 AR$ (-3,103.11 USD).

Conclusions
The number of annual varicella hospital outbreaks at the HNRG decreased significantly after varicella vaccine was introduced to NIP in Argentina with a relevant reduction in terms of costs.
National trends in emergency department closures, mergers, and utilization, 2005-2015
Authors: Venkatesh Arjun K. , Janke Alexander , Rothenberg Craig , Chan Edwin , Becher Robert D. 
Published: May 2021

Study objectives
To describe nationwide hospital-based emergency department (ED) closures and mergers, as well as the utilization of emergency departments and inpatient beds, over time and across varying geographic areas in the United States.

Methods
Observational analysis of the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey from 2005 to 2015. Primary outcomes were hospital-based ED closure and merger. Secondary outcomes were yearly ED visits per hospital-based ED and yearly hospital admissions per hospital bed.

Results
The total number of hospital-based EDs decreased from 4,500 in 2005 to 4,460 in 2015, with 200 closures, 138 mergers, and 160 new hospital-based EDs. While yearly ED visits per hospital-based ED exhibited a 28.6% relative increase (from 25,083 to 32,248), yearly hospital admissions per hospital bed had a 3.3% relative increase (from 45.4 to 43.9) from 2005 to 2015. The number of hospital admissions and hospital beds did not change significantly in urban areas and declined in rural areas. ED visits grew more uniformly across urban and rural areas.

Conclusions
The number of hospital-based ED closures is small when accounting for mergers, but occurs as many more patients are presenting to a stable number of EDs in larger health systems, though rural areas may differentially affected. EDs were managing accelerating patient volumes alongside stagnant inpatient bed capacity.
Maternal precarity and HPA axis functioning shape infant gut microbiota and HPA axis development in humans
Authors: Jahnke Johanna R. , Roach Jeffrey , Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea , Thompson Amanda L. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Early life exposure to adverse environments, and maternal stress in particular, has been shown to increase risk for metabolic diseases and neurobehavioral disorders. While many studies have examined the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) as the primary mechanism behind these relationships, emerging research on the brain-gut axis suggests that the microbiome may play a role. In this study, we tested the relationships among maternal precarity and HPA axis dysregulation during the peripartum period, infant gut microbiome composition, and infant HPA axis functioning.

Methods
Data come from 25 mother-infant dyads in the Galápagos, Ecuador. Women completed surveys on precarity measures (food insecurity, low social support, depression, and stress) and gave salivary cortisol samples during and after pregnancy. Infant salivary cortisol and stool were collected in the postpartum. Statistical significance of differences in microbial diversity and relative abundance were assessed with respect to adjusted linear regression models.

Results
Maternal precarity was associated with lower diversity and higher relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae. These patterns of colonization for Enterobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium mirrored those found in infants with HPA axis dysregulation. Maternal HPA axis dysregulation during pregnancy was also associated with a greater relative abundance of Veillonella.

Conclusions
Overall, exposures to precarity and HPA axis dysregulation were associated with an increase in groups that include potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Veillonella, and a decrease in potentially protective bacteria, including Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae, as well as a decrease in overall diversity.
DPP-4 inhibitors may improve the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yan , Cai Zixin , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: May 2021

AimsDPP-4 inhibitors are predicted to exert a protective effect on the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate this hypothesis.MethodsFour databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify studies on DPP-4 and COVID-19. The outcome indicators were the mortality of COVID-19. Funnel plots, Begg’s tests and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias.ResultsFour articles were included with a total of 1933 patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes. The use of DPP-4 inhibitors was negatively associated with the risk of mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.58 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34–0.99).ConclusionsDPP-4 inhibitors may improve the mortality of patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes. As few relevant studies are available, more large-scale studies need to be performed.
Displacement between anterior chamber width obtained by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography and white-to-white distance
Authors: Taechameekietichai Teerajet , Nguyen Anwell , Chansangpetch Sunee , Lin Shan C. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
To determine the relationship between the external limbal location, represented by white-to-white (WTW) distance, and the actual angle location, represented by spur-to-spur (STS) and angle-to-angle (ATA) distances.

Methods
166 eyes from 166 participants were imaged using CASIA2 anterior chamber optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and LenStar LS 900 optical biometer. The horizontal ATA and STS were measured using the swept-source Fourier-domain AS-OCT (CASIA2). The horizontal WTW was automatically measured using LenStar. The displacement lengths (DL) between WTW-STS and WTW-ATA were calculated. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation were performed.

Results
The study showed that WTW has a positive correlation with STS (ICC = 0.82, p<0.001) and ATA (ICC = 0.82, p<0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean difference of WTW-STS is 0.10 mm (95% CI 0.06 to 0.14 mm) with limits of agreement of -0.42 to 0.63 mm between WTW and STS, and the mean difference of WTW-ATA is 0.10 mm (95% CI 0.06 to 0.15 mm) with limits of agreement of -0.48 to 0.64 mm between WTW and ATA. Linear regression with adjustment showed that a WTW value greater than 12.07 mm is associated with a greater DL (WTW-STS DL ß 0.18, p = 0.003; WTW-ATA DL ß 0.14, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Greater WTW was significantly associated with higher displacement of WTW from the two distances representing anterior chamber width. External limbal location may not accurately represent the actual angle location in eyes with larger WTW.
Establishment and validation of a predictive model for mortality within 30 days in patients with sepsis-induced blood pressure drop: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Jianping 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
To establish and validate an individualized nomogram to predict the probability of death within 30 days in patients with sepsis-induced blood pressure drop would help clinical physicians to pay attention to those with higher risk of death after admission to wards.

Methods
A total of 1023 patients who were admitted to the Dongyang People’s Hospital, China, enrolled in this study. They were divided into model group (717 patients) and validation group (306 patients). The study included 13 variables. The independent risk factors leading to death within 30 days were screened by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses and used for Nomogram. The discrimination and correction of the prediction model were assessed by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the calibration chart. The clinical effectiveness of the prediction model was assessed by the Decision Curve Analysis (DCA).

Results
Seven variables were independent risk factors, included peritonitis, respiratory failure, cardiac insufficiency, consciousness disturbance, tumor history, albumin level, and creatinine level at the time of admission. The area under the ROC curve of the model group and validation group was 0.834 and 0.836. The P value of the two sets of calibration charts was 0.702 and 0.866. The DCA curves of the model group and validation group were above the two extreme (insignificant) curves.

Conclusions
The model described in this study could effectively predict the death of patients with sepsis-induced blood pressure drop.