bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable devices for seizure detection: Practical experiences and recommendations from the Wearables for Epilepsy And Research (WEAR) International Study Group
Authors: Bruno Elisa , Böttcher Sebastian , Viana Pedro F. , Amengual‐Gual Marta , Joseph Boney , Epitashvili Nino , Dümpelmann Matthias , Glasstetter Martin , Biondi Andrea , Van Laerhoven Kristof , Loddenkemper Tobias , Richardson Mark P. , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Brinkmann Benjamin H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Wearables for Epilepsy And Research (WEAR) International Study Group identified a set of methodology standards to guide research on wearable devices for seizure detection. We formed an international consortium of experts from clinical research, engineering, computer science, and data analytics at the beginning of 2020. The study protocols and practical experience acquired during the development of wearable research studies were discussed and analyzed during bi‐weekly virtual meetings to highlight commonalities, strengths, and weaknesses, and to formulate recommendations. Seven major essential components of the experimental design were identified, and recommendations were formulated about: (1) description of study aims, (2) policies and agreements, (3) study population, (4) data collection and technical infrastructure, (5) devices, (6) reporting results, and (7) data sharing. Introducing a framework of methodology standards promotes optimal, accurate, and consistent data collection. It also guarantees that studies are generalizable and comparable, and that results can be replicated, validated, and shared.
Comparison of ultrasonography and radiography with arthroscopy for diagnosis of dorsoproximal osteochondral fragmentation of the proximal phalanx in 56 Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Plevin Sarah , McLellan Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteochondral fragmentation of the proximal phalanx (DPP1 fragment) is a common finding in the racehorse. Whilst radiographic assessment has been reported to lack diagnostic sensitivity, ultrasonographic examination has been documented to be extremely sensitive for identification of bone fragments in the metacarpophalangeal joint.ObjectivesTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography as an imaging modality for diagnosis of DPP1 fragmentation and to compare it with radiography in the Thoroughbred racehorse.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsMedical records (radiographs and ultrasonographic examinations) of 56 Thoroughbred racehorses in training (average age 26.4 months [SD ±5.9]) with a history of forelimb fetlock joint effusion and arthroscopically confirmed DPP1 fragmentation were evaluated. Inter‐observer agreement was calculated between three blinded reviewers for both ultrasonographic and radiographic findings. Median values were used for statistical analyses. Ultrasonographic and radiographic identification of DPP1 fragmentation was considered correct if in agreement with arthroscopic findings. The McNemar test was used to compare correct proportions between radiography and ultrasonography. Analyses were performed to evaluate correct identification of presence of fragment(s), location of fragment(s) and presence and location of fragment(s) within the joints, with values P < .05 considered significant.ResultsEighty‐one fetlock joints from 56 Thoroughbreds were evaluated. In total, 99 individual DPP1 fragments were confirmed arthroscopically. Ultrasonography was shown to have high levels of sensitivity (94%, 95% CI 89%–99%) and specificity (97%, 95% CI 92%–100%) for identification of DPP1 fragments, with transverse ultrasonographic images being more sensitive than sagittal ultrasonography (P = .001). Ultrasonography was also shown in this population to have significantly greater sensitivity than radiography (47%, 95% CI 37%–56%) (P < .001).ConclusionsUltrasonography is an extremely sensitive and specific imaging modality for evaluation of DPP1 fragmentation, with transverse ultrasonographic imaging being the most sensitive technique. Radiographic evaluation was less sensitive than ultrasonography in this study.
Management implications of shifting baselines in fish stock assessments
Authors: Schijns Rebecca , Pauly Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo make sound decisions about the future of fisheries, managers need to have a good understanding of the amount of fish that have been caught over long periods. Unfortunately, current stock assessment processes are often flawed, as they are frequently based on data time series that do not represent the full range of change. The process of selecting a shortened (or truncated) time series may lead to misconceptions regarding the fishery's status and impact on management decisions. This study investigates shifting baseline effects in official stock assessments from the Ransom Myers Legacy Stock Assessment Database that used truncated catch time series. The findings suggest that truncated time series often fail to account for important features, such as historical biomass maxima, past recoveries, low abundance levels and biomass fluctuations, whose omission can bias reference points and perceptions of stock status. This study emphasises the importance of considering long‐term data wherever possible to improve historical scientific baselines and inform sustainable fisheries management.
An assessment of executive function in two different rat models of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive versus Lphn3 knockout rats
Authors: Sable Helen J. K. , Lester Deranda B. , Potter Joshua L. , Nolen Hunter G. , Cruthird Destinee M. , Estes Lauren M. , Johnson Alyssa D. , Regan Samantha L. , Williams Michael T. , Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and often comorbid with other externalizing disorders (EDs). There is evidence that externalizing behaviors share a common genetic etiology. Recently, a genome‐wide, multigenerational sample linked variants in the Lphn3 gene to ADHD and other externalizing behaviors. Likewise, limited research in animal models has provided converging evidence that Lphn3 plays a role in EDs. This study examined the impact of Lphn3 deletion (i.e., Lphn3−/−) in rats on measures of behavioral control associated with externalizing behavior. Impulsivity was assessed for 30 days via a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) task and working memory evaluated for 25 days using a delayed spatial alternation (DSA) task. Data from both tasks were averaged into 5‐day testing blocks. We analyzed overall performance, as well as response patterns in just the first and last blocks to assess acquisition and steady‐state performance, respectively. “Positive control” measures on the same tasks were measured in an accepted animal model of ADHD–the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Compared with wildtype controls, Lphn3−/− rats exhibited deficits on both the DRL and DSA tasks, indicative of deficits in impulsive action and working memory, respectively. These deficits were less severe than those in the SHRs, who were profoundly impaired on both tasks compared with their control strain, Wistar‐Kyoto rats. The results provide evidence supporting a role for Lphn3 in modulating inhibitory control and working memory, and suggest additional research evaluating the role of Lphn3 in the manifestation of EDs more broadly is warranted.
Diminishing weed control exacerbates maize yield loss to adverse weather
Authors: Landau Christopher A. , Hager Aaron G. , Williams Martin M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoth weed interference and adverse weather can cause significant maize yield losses. However, most climate change projections on maize yields ignore the fact that weeds are widespread in maize production. Herein, we examine the effects of weed control and weather variability on maize yield loss due to weeds by using machine learning techniques on an expansive database of herbicide efficacy trials spanning 205 weather environments and 27 years. Late‐season control of all weed species was the most important driver of maize yield loss due to weeds according to multiple analyses. Average yield losses of 50% were observed with little to no weed control. Furthermore, when the highest levels of weed control were not achieved, drier, hotter conditions just before and during silking exacerbated maize yield losses due to weeds. Current climate predictions suggest much of the US maize‐growing regions will experience warmer, drier summers. This, coupled with the growing prevalence of herbicide resistance, increases the risk of maize yield loss due to weeds in the future without transformational change in weed management systems.
Beyond the control of the care home: A meta‐ethnography of qualitative studies of Infection Prevention and Control in residential and nursing homes for older people
Authors: Daker‐White Gavin , Panagioti Maria , Giles Sally , Blakeman Thomas , Moore Victoria , Hall Alex , Jones Paul P. , Wright Oliver , Shears Bethany , Tyler Natasha , Campbell Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop interpretive insights concerning Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) in care homes for older people.DesignThis study had a meta‐ethnography design.Data SourcesSix bibliographic databases were searched from inception to May 2020 to identify the relevant literature.Review MethodsA meta‐ethnography was performed.ResultsSearches yielded 652 records; 15 were included. Findings were categorized into groups: The difficulties of enacting IPC measures in the care home environment; workload as an impediment to IPC practice; the tension between IPC and quality of life for care home residents; and problems dealing with medical services located outside the facility including diagnostics, general practice and pharmacy. Infection was revealed as something seen to lie ‘outside’ the control of the care home, whether according to origins or control measures. This could help explain the reported variability in IPC practice. Facilitators to IPC uptake involved repetitive training and professional development, although such opportunities can be constrained by the ways in which services are organized and delivered.ConclusionsSignificant challenges were revealed in implementing IPC in care homes including staffing skills, education, workloads and work routines. These challenges cannot be properly addressed without resolving the tension between the objectives of maintaining resident quality of life while enacting IPC practice. Repetitive staff training and professional development with parallel organisational improvements have prospects to enhance IPC uptake in residential and nursing homes.Patient or Public ContributionA carer of an older person joined study team meetings and was involved in writing a lay summary of the study findings.
Adjunctive benefit of ozonized water irrigation with mechanical debridement in the management of Stage III periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical and biochemical study
Authors: Ranjith Ambili , Niranjana J. Mohan , Baiju Kamalasanan Vijayakumary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by dysbiotic microbiota. Conventional mechanical debridement often needs adjunctive measures to control the disease process. The objective of the present study was to find out benefit of ozonized water irrigation along with nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the management of periodontitis.MethodsWe have conducted a randomized controlled, triple‐blinded, parallel‐group clinical trial. The test group (n = 25) was treated with ozonized water irrigation, whereas the control group (n = 25) received normal saline irrigation along with mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were evaluated at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Salivary interleukin 1 beta was analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of covariance, t test and chi‐square test were used for intergroup comparison. Intragroup comparison was done using the paired t test.ResultsAdjunctive ozone water irrigation resulted in significant improvement in all clinical parameters, except probing pocket depth after adjusting the extraneous effects due to initial confounding factors (p < 0.001). But as per subgroup analysis, ozone water irrigation resulted in significant reduction in pocket depth in deep pockets (p = 0.01) and the number of sites with a pocket depth ≥4 mm with bleeding on probing. Salivary interleukin 1 beta also reduced significantly in the test group after therapy.ConclusionOzone irrigation provides adjunctive benefit along with nonsurgical periodontal therapy in reducing clinical parameters and inflammatory mediators in saliva. But long‐term benefits need to be assessed with future studies. The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI no: CTRI/2020/06/026275).
The investigation of thermal behaviour and physical properties of several types of contemporary gutta‐percha points
Authors: Liao Szu‐Chin , Wang Hsin‐Hui , Hsu Yung‐Hao , Huang Haw‐Ming , Gutmann James L. , Hsieh Sung‐Chih 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse the contents and thermal behaviour of several brands of contemporary gutta‐percha points due to the variable nature of the components of gutta‐percha, and the impact they can have on the physical properties of this unique material during canal filling.MethodologySix brands of gutta‐percha were investigated: Conform Fit TM Gutta‐Percha Points for ProTaper Gold® (PTG) (Dentsply Sirona), ProTaper® Universal Gutta‐Percha Points (PTU) (Dentsply Sirona), Autofit TM Feathered Tip Gutta Percha (Kerr), Mtwo® Gutta‐Percha (VDW), Gutta Percha Root Canal Points (GC, GC Corporation) and Gutta‐Percha Points ISO Color‐Coded (ISO; Dentsply Sirona). The organic and inorganic fractions of gutta‐percha points were separated by quantitative chemical analysis. Thermal conductivity was detected using a laser flash method. In addition, the thermal behaviour of gutta‐percha in response to temperature variations was analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests were applied for comparisons amongst groups for chemical compositions and temperature obtained from DSC. The associations between compositions and thermal conductivity were determined using simple linear regression. A p value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThere were significant difference in the inorganic fractions of the gutta‐percha points in percentage by weight amongst the groups (p < .05). PTG had the lowest thermal conductivity (0.42 W/m K). A positive correlation was observed between the percentage of inorganic fraction and thermal conductivity (r = 0.95). The initial phase changing temperature and peak temperature measured by DSC were significantly different when the β‐form transformed to α‐form (p < .05), whereas no significant difference was found during the α‐form to the amorphous‐phase transition (p > .05).ConclusionsChemical compositions and initial phase changing temperature by DSC varied according to the various brands of gutta‐percha points. Conform Fit TM gutta‐percha had the lowest percentage of inorganic fraction and thermal conductivity amongst these six brands of gutta‐percha. Thermal conductivity had the strongest positive correlation with the percentage of inorganic components and zinc, whilst there was a negative correlation to the amount (ratio) of gutta‐percha.
Calcium aluminate cements under high‐temperature compression tests
Authors: Zapata John F. , Gómez Maryory A. , Colorado Henry A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis investigation is about the damage generated with high‐temperature compression tests in pure calcium aluminate cement pastes (CACP) with quartz. Two types of formulations of CACP were manufactured and later exposed to a compression of .3 MPa at 800°C for 16 h. Samples had a water to cement ratio (W/C) of .40. The formulations were characterized using laser granulometry, X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The theta projection model parameters for creep were estimated using nonlinear regression fit methods. The activation energy, minimum time of creep, minimum creep rate, and other parameters were calculated. The creep micro‐mechanisms were established as well. The activation energy was obtained exclusively by creep for the formulations CACP 71–0 wt% and CACP 71–20 wt% of 2.98 kJ/mol and 7.04 kJ/mol, respectively.
Determinants of mobile social media use, customer heterogeneity, and international microsegmentation
Authors: Ju Xingting , Martín Martín Oscar , Chocarro Raquel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow to effectively examine the heterogeneous nature of consumer preferences across borders and cultures is a challenge for firms that use mobile social media. This study identifies the determinants of individuals’ mobile social media use behavior and profiles the resulting international microsegments. We propose a model that integrates different theoretical perspectives and sets of factors to explain mobile social media use behavior and test it on a sample of users in China and the United States via online surveys. We estimate a global model (GM) based on all respondents and three local models created by post hoc international microsegmentation. The three local models reveal the existence of three unobserved user segments: “usage goal experts,” “determined pragmatists,” and “pressured hedonists.” Perceived usefulness is the most influential factor in the GM, while users in the three segments significantly differ in their behavioral patterns, cultural value orientations, and demographic characteristics. This study is the first to examine unobserved heterogeneity and international microsegmentation in the mobile social media domain. It provides insights into the factors explaining use behavior and international microsegmentation for scholars and marketers operating in the global marketplace.
The use of technology‐mediated interviews and their perception from the organization's point of view
Authors: Basch Johannes M. , Melchers Klaus G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTechnology‐mediated interviews are increasingly finding their way into selection processes. However, it is unclear which factors lead to their use and how recruiters perceive these interviews. In the present study, 98 recruiters were surveyed regarding reasons for the use or nonuse of these interviews and their perceptions of them. The results showed that innovativeness in IT, the perceived usability, the perceived usefulness, the ease of implementation, and accessing a larger applicant pool are relevant factors for the use of technology‐mediated interviews. With regard to the perception of technology‐mediated interviews, recruiters tend to share the perception of applicants and view these interviews more skeptically than face‐to‐face interviews.
Estimating Ni valence with magnetometry in solid‐state reactive sintered yttrium‐doped barium zirconate
Authors: Knight Michael , Jennings Dylan , Ricote Sandrine , Reimanis Ivar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNi is known to have a significant impact on the sintering and microstructure evolution in yttrium‐doped barium zirconate (BZY) and yet details of its specific role remain unclear. The present study examined the valence state of Ni in solid‐state reactive sintered BZY prepared with different amounts of Ni, formulated for deliberate substitution of Ni for Zr : BaZr0.8−xY0.2NixO3−δ with x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 (approx. 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt%). Quenching from revealed transient BaY2NiO5 phase was present in the microstructure for all concentrations of Ni studied here. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy identified Ni segregation in grain‐boundary regions upon completion of the solid‐state reactive sintering process, and magnetometry is used to show that low‐spin Ni3+ predominantly substitutes for Zr4+.
“Doing Good” versus “Being Good”: The interplay between pride appeals and regulatory‐focused messages in green advertising
Authors: Hong Ji Mi , Lim Rachel Esther , Atkinson Lucy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany consumers feel proud of making green choices, which is of crucial relevance to explaining environmentally responsible behaviors. However, compared to other self‐conscious emotions, such as guilt and shame, little research attention has been paid to the role of pride in green consumerism. Through conducting two online experimental surveys, this research examined what features of a message induce the two facets of the emotion pride—authentic and hubristic—and how pride appeals interact with message frames having different regulatory foci. In Study 1, participants revealed more favorable eco‐friendly attitudes and intentions when hubristic pride appeals were combined with promotion‐focused messages (detailing the positive benefits of using the green product), and when authentic pride appeals were matched with prevention‐focused messages (emphasizing the negative consequences averted by using the green product). Study 2 replicated and supported the proposed matching hypotheses while including a control condition. Findings of this research will add to a growing body of literature on pride as a discrete emotion and its carryover effects on persuasion while providing guidelines to help practitioners design green advertising campaigns.
Newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia in a pregnant patient after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination
Authors: Bennett Carrie , Chambers Laura M. , Son Ji , Goje Oluwatosin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver 26 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been reported in the United States with over 440 000 deaths. Despite COVID‐19 vaccine approval, pregnant women were excluded from clinical trials. We report a case of immune thrombocytopenia in the first trimester, which occurred 13 days after initiating the COVID‐19 vaccination series. Thorough evaluation, including hematology consultation, established the diagnosis. High‐dose oral corticosteroids were started, and she was discharged home with significant improvement in platelet count on her fourth day of hospitalization with no subsequent complications. We advocate that the benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination outweigh the risk of infection in pregnancy and that pregnant women should be included in clinical trials. Closer post‐vaccination surveillance may be warranted in the pregnant population pending further data.
The devil is in the categories: Metaphysics and social and political thought
Authors: Porter Groff Ruth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is often assumed that social and political thought have nothing to do with issues of concern to metaphysicians. I have referred to this assumption in the past as The Myth of Metaphysical Neutrality. I argue here that social and political theories have metaphysical positions built into them, such that to adopt a given social or political account commits one to that theory's implicit metaphysics ‐‐ and, conversely, that commitment to a given metaphysical position will preclude adopting social or political accounts that are at odds with it. I look first at the issue of emergence, showing that key concepts employed by Aristotle, Rousseau and Marx, respectively, require a belief that wholes do not reduce to their parts. I then turn to Marx's account of alienation, arguing that it presupposes a belief in agent‐causal free will.