bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulus Deprivation Myopia in Human Congenital Ptosis: A Study of 95 Patients
Authors: Gusek-Schneider Gabriele-Ch , Martus Peter 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To establish differences between the frequency of suspected deprivation myopia in unilateral and bilateral congenital ptosis with and without covered optical axis.
Methods: Ametropia was evaluated in both eyes of 95 patients with congenital ptosis. The amount of refraction was documented as spherical equivalent (100% cycloplegia). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and sign tests.
Results: In unilateral ptosis, the frequency of myopia was lower (10/68: 15%) than that of hyperopia (58/68: 85%) in the ptotic eye (P <0.001). However, myopia occurred more often in the ptotic eye (10/68: 15%) than in the fellow eye (3/68: 4.4%). Myopic anisometropia was found only in the ptotic eye (5/68 vs 0/68), but was less frequent than hyperopic anisometropia (6/68 vs 8/68). In bilateral ptosis 7/54 myopia as compared with 47/54 hyperopia were observed and 1/27 myopic anisometropia vs 6/27 hyperopic anisometropia. Covered center of the pupil, in children ≤8 years of age, was associated with myopia more frequently in bilateral than in unilateral ptosis (6/30 vs 1/27). We found a significantly higher rate of myopia <-1 diopter and hyperopia >2 diopter in comparison of children 5 to 7 years old with first-grade school children.
Conclusions: Two expected results were (1) compared with the normal population, an overall higher frequency of myopia in human congenital ptosis; (2) in unilateral ptosis, a higher frequency of myopia in the ptotic, than in the fellow eye.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:340-348.
Unilateral Rectus Resection in the Treatment of Undercorrected or Recurrent Strabismus
Authors: Olitsky Scott E , Kelley Christopher J , Lee Henry , Nelson Leonard B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: When surgery is required for an undercorrection or for a recurrent strabismus that is in the same direction as the previous deviation, traditional options have included a rerecession of the previously operated muscle(s), a marginal myotomy of the previously operated muscle(s) with or without a resection of the direct antagonist, or a bilateral resection of the antagonist muscles. While many surgeons prefer to perform a bilateral resection for these reasons, a unilateral resection would be a useful approach for small to moderate deviations.
Methods: Data were collected for patients who had undergone a unilateral rectus resection: age, number of prior surgeries, the preoperative deviation, the postoperative deviation at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months, and the amount of surgery performed. An acceptable postoperative result was considered to be any deviation ≤8 pd.
Results: A resection of a single rectus muscle was undergone by 113 patients. Complete data were available on 81 of these patients: 60 underwent a unilateral resection of the lateral rectus and 21 underwent a unilateral resection of the medial rectus. Of those patients undergoing a unilateral lateral rectus resection, 90% were acceptably aligned at the 6-month postoperative exam. Among those patients undergoing a medial rectus resection, 95.2% obtained a successful result.
Conclusions: A unilateral resection of the medial or lateral rectus is an effective tool in the treatment of undercorrected or recurrent strabismus. It is predictable, stable in the immediate postoperative period, and limits surgery to 1 eye.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:349-353.
Rapidly Polymerized Collagen Gel as a Smoothing Agent in Excimer Laser Photoablation
Authors: DeVore D P , Scott J B , Nordquist R E , Hoffman R S , Nguyen H , Eiferman R A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Excimer laser photoablation effectively and precisely removes corneal tissue but may not smooth irregularities on the anterior corneal surface. An even surface might be obtained by applying a smoothing substance that fills in irregularities and ablates at the same rate as corneal tissue. Evaluation of collagen gel as a smoothing agent is reported.
METHODS: Pure, type I collagen solutions were prepared to remain soluble at physiological pH and to spontaneously gel when exposed to cationic buffers. Collagen gels were formed on the surface of enucleated porcine corneas and on human donor corneas and exposed to varying pulses of 193nanometer excimer laser energy. Effects of collagen gel on ablation depth, corneal surface smoothness, and smoothing of roughened cornea were evaluated by examining scanning electron micrographs of control and treated specimens.
RESULTS: Collagen gels formed from 5 mg/ml collagen solutions dramatically altered the depth of photoablation. Photoablation of roughened cornea with collagen gels produced smooth corneal surfaces, whereas control eyes remained roughened and irregular. The smoothness of photoablated cornea surfaces improved when collagen gels were applied prior to photoablation.
CONCLUSIONS: The rapidly gelling collagen solution appears to exhibit the functional properties required for an effective smoothing agent for excimer laser photoablation. The substance has low viscosity when applied to the corneal surface and forms a rigid gel when exposed to cationic buffer solution. In addition, the concentration of the collagen gel can be adjusted to provide different ablation rates. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:50-55.]
Model for Deriving the Optical Performance of the Myopic Eye Corrected With An Intracorneal Ring
Authors: Patel Sudi , Marshall John , Fitzke Frederick W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The intracorneal ring has been advanced as a mechanical device for the correction of myopia. The device may reduce refractive error, but the effect on the overall optical performance of the eye has been neglected. This paper addresses this issue by presenting mathematical models that will predict the effect of the intracorneal ring on refractive error, corneal asphericity, and the spherical aberration of the eye.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Algorithms are derived for predicting the corneal apical radius, asphericity, and the change in myopia after inserting intracorneal rings of any thickness and diameter.
RESULTS: The model predicts that the magnitude of myopia reduction is a function of both ring thickness and diameter. The large diameter (9 to 10 mm), thin (0.1 to 0.2 mm) intracorneal ring is less likely to adversely affect corneal asphericity and therefore not significantly enhance the spherical aberration of the eye.
CONCLUSIONS: An intracorneal ring cannot correct more than 4.00 diopters (D) of myopia without significantly increasing ocular spherical aberration, which, in turn, will compromise the final visual outcome. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:248-252.]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Nassaralla Belquiz R A , Nassaralla João J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism in eyes with prior penetrating keratoplasty.
METHODS: Eight eyes of 8 patients with penetrating keratoplasty had significant postoperative refractive error. Each eye received LASIK 1 year or more after penetrating keratoplasty. All were followed for 6 months or more. All patients were treated with the Chiron Technolas 217 excimer laser and the Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratome.
RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction decreased from -4.50 D (range, -3.00 to -7.25 D) to -0.75 D (range, -1.50 to +0.50 D) and the mean preoperative astigmatism decreased from 3.50 D (range, 1.50 to 5.00 D) to 1.25 D (range, 0.75 to 2.00 D). Uncorrected visual acuity improved by at least two Snellen lines in all eyes. Best spectaclecorrected visual acuity did not change in four eyes (50%) and improved in three eyes (37.5%).
CONCLUSION: LASIK effectively reduced low and moderate myopia and myopic astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:431-437]
Hyaluronidase Treatment, Collagen Fibril Packing, and Normal Transparency in Rabbit Corneas
Authors: Connon C J , Meek K M , Newton R H , Kenney M C , Alba S A , Karageozian H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Hyaluronidase treatment is the initial step of corneaplasty, a treatment under development that induces stromal softening and involves the application of a custom designed forming lens to achieve modification of refractive error. The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in the arrangement of stromal collagen fibrils after hyaluronidase treatment.
METHODS: Rabbit corneas were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy at 0, 2 and 7 days after treatment and haze was assessed by subjective observation. Molecular and interfibrillar Bragg spacing of corneal collagen were measured from synchrotron x-ray scattering patterns. Transmission electron microscopy and digital image analysis were used to calculate radial distribution functions from the positions of collagen fibrils. The calculated fibril sizes and positions were also used to predict the transmission of visible light through these corneas.
RESULTS: Hyaluronidase-treated corneas were shown to have a decreased interfibrillar Bragg spacing of 15% to 21%. Fibril hydration did not change. Transparency of these corneas remained unaltered.
CONCLUSIONS: Hyaluronidase reduced the hydration of the corneal stroma, which led to a more compacted collagen fibril arrangement. This compression was predicted to cause a small reduction in the transmission of visible light through the cornea but not to a point likely to cause visual impairment. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:448-455]
Phakic Intraocular Lens to Correct High Myopic Amblyopia in Children
Authors: Lesueur Laurence C , Arne Jean L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In a clinical investigation, we evaluated anatomical and functional outcomes of posterior phakic chamber lens (ICL) implantation for correction of high myopia with amblyopia in children.
METHODS: Twelve eyes of 11 children, age 3 to 16 years, with high myopic amblyopia were operated with implantation of a Staar Surgical ICL. In these patients, conventional therapy with spectacles or contact lenses was unsuccessful. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -12.70 D (range -8.00 to -18.00 D) and best spectaclecorrected visual acuity ranged from count fingers to 20/63. Mean follow-up was 20.5 months (range 3 to 48 mo) Preoperative and postoperative anatomical and functional outcomes were compared.
RESULTS: We noted good tolerance of ICLs without inflammatory reactions or secondary capsular opacity, stable intraocular pressure, and good ICL position in all eyes. Predictability was +0,71 D (range -0.75 to +2.00 D). Mean postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/63. Recovery of binocular vision was achieved in six patients and orthotropic position in seven patients. Quality of life was improved in all patients.
CONCLUSION: The Staar Surgical phakic ICL appeared to be an effective method to treat high myopia in children with amblyopia. Good results with high satisfaction were noted. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:519-523]
Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Action of 193-nm and 213-nm Laser Radiation
Authors: Kaido Thomas J , Kash Roger L , Sasnett Michael W , Twa Michael , Marcellino George , Schanzlin David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of 213-nm and 193-nm laser radiation on cultured mammalian cells.
METHODS: Chinese hamster lung (V79) cells were exposed to 193-nm radiation from an argon fluorine excimer laser or 213-nm radiation from a 5th harmonic Nd:YAG laser. The cytotoxic action of the lasers was compared by determining the number of V79 cell colonies that formed 1 week after irradiating cells with different doses of 193-nm or 213-nm laser radiation or with continuous wave 254-nm radiation. The cytotoxic action of the lasers on primary cultures of human corneal fibroblasts was also compared. The mutagenic potential of the lasers was compared by measuring the number of ouabain or 6-Thioguanine(6TG)-resistant V79 mutants that formed after exposing V79 cells to 193-nm or 213-nm radiation.
RESULTS: The dose of 193-nm laser radiation that resulted in 37% survival (D37) of V79 cells was estimated to be 11.3 mj/cm2 compared to 3.2 mJ/cm2 for 213-nm laser radiation and 1.2 mJ/cm2 for 254-nm UV radiation. The mean number of ouabain-induced mutants induced at the D37 for 193-nm, 213-nm, and 254-nm laser radiation were 28, 166, and 279 mutants/107 cells, respectively. Continuous wave 254-nm radiation induced 6TGresistant colonies, but there was no significant induction of 6TG-resistant mutants by either laser.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the in vitro data presented herein may or may not be meaningful to humans, the 213-nm Nd:YAG laser was more cytotoxic and mutagenic than the 193-nm excimer laser on cultured mammalian cells but was less cytotoxic and mutagenic than 254-nm radiation. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:529-534]
Internal Suture Occlusion of the Molteno Glaucoma Implant for the Prevention of Postoperative Hypotony
Authors: Egbert Peter R , Lieberman Marc F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Molteno glaucoma drainage implant procedure is useful for managing refractory glaucoma, but a significant concern has been the avoidance of postoperative hypotony due to temporary excessive filtration. We have developed a method of temporarily closing the translimbal tube with an internally-placed occluding suture (4-0 or 5-0 chromic). Seven to 12 days later this suture was removed, without surgery, in an outpatient setting. We have used this method on 30 patients. The advantages are that postoperative hypotony is reduced, and the Molteno drainage implant can be inserted in a single operation.
Margins of Safety in Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Botek Alison A , Goldberg Stuart H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We attempted to clarify the anatomic relationships of the lacrimal sac by performing standard orbital dissections to expose the lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, the ethmoid air cells, nasal septum, frontal sinuses, and the cribriform plate in five human cadaver heads; and then measuring the distance between the internal common punctum (ICP) and five key structures. The mean vector distance from the ICP to the anterior aspect of the cribriform plate was 25.1 ± 2.95 mm. This measurement, along with the others, helps clarify osteotomy placement for dacryocystorhinostomy, so that, for example, cerebrospinal fluid leak can be prevented. Improved understanding of the anatomy of this region is also valuable in planning surgery for orbital and nasoorbital tumors, trauma, and congenital abnormalities.
Conjunctival Autograft for Pterygium Surgery: How Well Does It Prevent Recurrence?
Authors: Figueiredo Regis S , Cohen Elisaberh J , Gomes Jose A P , Rapuano Christopher J , Lailson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of the surgical management of pterygium with conjunctival autograft was evaluated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective survey, the records of 94 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for pterygium between 1984 and 1993 were reviewed. Only the first pterygium procedure for each patient performed at Wills Eye Hospital was included. The statistical technique of survival curve analysis by the Kaplan-Meier product limit was used to analyze the results separately after the removal of primary and recurrent pterygia.
* RESULTS: Thirty-one patients with primary pterygium underwent simple excision. Forty patients had conjunctival autografts. The recurrence rates estimated at 1 year were 40% and 16%, respectively (P = .031). In both groups, patients who were 50 years old or younger were more likely to have a recurrence (P = .029). All 23 patients with recurrent pterygium had conjunctival grafts, and the estimation of recurrence at 1 year was 25%. No serious complications occurred in any group.
* CONCLUSION: Conjunctival autograft decreases the recurrence rate for primary pterygium compared with simple excision.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:99-104.]
Sclerokeratoplasty Versus Penetrating Keratoplasty in Anterior Staphyloma
Authors: Panda Anita , Sharma Namrata , Angra Surender K , Singh Rajvir 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the newer surgical technique of sclerokeratoplasty in spherical anterior staphyloma of the cornea and to compare it with total penetrating keratoplasty.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective clinical trial in 20 eyes with acquired spherical anterior staphylomas was undertaken. Ten eyes each underwent sclerokeratoplasty (group 1) or total penetrating keratoplasty (group 2). The parameters evaluated were visual acuity, keratometry, graft status, and complications. Patients were observed for a minimum of 1 year.
* RESULTS: Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 6/60 or better with astigmatism of less than 3 D was achieved in all but one patient in group 1 in contrast to 5 cases in group 2. Postoperative complications included epithelial defects, shallow anterior chamber, hyphema, and uveitis, which did not significantly vary between the 2 procedures. Secondary glaucoma was significant associated with group 2 as compared with group 1. At the end of 1 year, no significant difference in the graft clarity was present. Grafts were clear 3+ or more in 8 eyes in group 1 and in 5 eyes in group 2. Good cosmetic results were achieved in cases of sclerokeratoplasty due to the absence of corneal opacification and suture marks.
* CONCLUSION: Sclerokeratoplasty is a useful alternative to total penetrating keratoplasty in cases of acquired spherical anterior staphylomas of the cornea with good anatomic and useful visual outcome.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30: 31-36.]
CDCR With Buccal Mucosal Graft: Comparative and Histopathological Study
Authors: Can Izzet , Can Belgin , Yarangümeli Alper , Gürbüz Özlem , Tekelioglu Meral , Kural Gülcan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) is a procedure with a high functional success rate, on the other hand post-operative complications are frequent and tube replacement is often required. Therefore, new investigations were undertaken in order to relieve the undesired effects of the tube. Implantation of the Jones tube circumscribed with a buccal mucosal graft and subsequent removal of the tube when an epithelium lined track was formed has been reported in the literature in recent years. In this study efficacy and safety of this alternative technique was evaluated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: CDCR with insertion of Jones tube surrounded with a buccal mucosal graft was performed on 14 patients (14 eyes) between September 1995 and March 1997 and results were evaluated. Results were compared with our previous series of traditional CDCR, involving 22 patients (22 eyes).
* RESULTS: Functional success was obtained in all cases with relief of epiphora after a mean follow-up of 13.7 ± 5-7 months. In 1 1 cases, tubes were removed at the sixth post-operative month and passage was blocked in 9 cases. Subsequent surgical tube reinsertion was performed in those patients. Biopsy specimens were obtained in two cases during tube replacement and were examined histologically. Disarrangement of the basal epithelial cells and infiltration of the surrounding connective tissue with round cells were observed. These histopathological findings suggested a significant graft degeneration threatening the continuity of the passage. Tube displacement existed in two patients, and partial mucosal graft extrusion was apparent in one case during the period with the tube still inserted. Surgical tube replacement was required in only two cases to correct lateral migration of the tube. Incidence of complications and need for surgical tube replacement were found to be less than our previous series of 22 CDCR patients without buccal mucosa grafting.
* CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CDCR with buccal mucosal graft is a promising new method for the treatment of epiphora because of its low incidence of complications during the period with the tube. However, tube removal at the sixth post-operative month is probably not indicated. Therefore, studies with larger series and longer follow-up should be undertaken to confirm the advantages of the technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999:30:98-104.]
Use of Viscoelastics Post-Trabeculectomy: A Survey of Members of the American Glaucoma Society
Authors: Salvo Eugene C , Luntz Maurice H , Medow Norman B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: American Glaucoma Society members were surveyed to determine the pattern of use of viscoelastics for anterior chamber reformation at the slit-lamp in the post-operative clinical management of patients who have undergone trabeculectomy in order to give ophthalmologists an indication of how these materials are being used by their colleagues.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: We surveyed 196 members of the American Glaucoma Society regarding the following; (1) whether they inject viscoelastic post-operatively at the slit-lamp as an inoffice procedure, (2) the type of viscoelastic used most often, (3) the criteria for injection of viscoelastic, (4) the time to first follow-up, (5) the average number of injections, and (6) the occurrence of post-injection endophthalmitis.
* RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five (64%) of the 196 mailed surveys were answered and returned. Ninety-four (75%) of the respondents reported injecting viscoelastics in the postoperative period at the slit-lamp as an in-office procedure. Healon (60%) (Pharmacia & Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI), Viscoat (17%) (Alcon, Ft. Worth, TX), and Healon GV (7%) (Pharmacia & Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI) were the three most often used viscoelastics. Hypotony, iris-cornea touch, and lens-cornea touch were given as criteria for injection 19%, 47%, and 88% of the time, respectively. Range of time to first follow-up was 1 hour to 7 days, with a mean time of 1 day. Range of average number of injections was 1 to 3 with a mean of 2 injections for patients requiring injection. Only one respondent reported an incidence of endophthalmitis.
* CONCLUSIONS: The use of viscoelastic materials in the postoperative trabeculectomy patient in the office at the slit-lamp for anterior chamber reformation is a prevalent practice. Healon is the most commonly used viscoelastic postoperatively and lens-corneal touch is the most common criterion for injection. The average number of injections is 2, with a mean and mode follow-up time of 1 day. Endophthalmitis is a rare complication.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:271-275.]
Retinal Breaks and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Association with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Kir Erkin , Saatci A Osman , Özbek Zeynep , Kaynak Süleyman , Ergin Mehmet H 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of retinal breaks and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 230 eyes of 214 patients with BRVO and identified eyes with retinal breaks and/or RRD. Patients had at least 6 months of follow-up.
* RESULTS: Seven of 230 eyes (3%) had retinal breaks and 3 eyes (1.3%) had RRD. One of the eyes with RRD had subclinical retinal detachment. All 7 eyes had ischemic disease documented by fluorescein angiography. Two of 7 eyes had concurrent retinal neovascularization. Four eyes with breaks, but without RRD, and the eye with subclinical RRD were managed by argon green laser. Two eyes with RRD were managed successfully with scleral buckling surgery and postoperative supplemental argon green laser. The mean follow-up period was 14.8 ± 8.3 months.
* CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BRVO should be monitored closely for possible retinal break formation and RRD development.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:285-288.]