bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet and lifestyle behaviour disruption related to the pandemic was varied and bidirectional among US and UK adults participating in the ZOE COVID Study
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Leeming Emily R. , Merino Jordi , Nguyen Long H. , Selvachandran Somesh , Pujal Joan Capdavila , Maher Tyler , Kadé Kirstin , Murray Benjamin , Graham Mark S. , Sudre Carole H. , Wolf Jonathan , Hu Christina , Drew David A. , Steves Claire J. , Ourselin Sebastien , Gardner Christopher , Spector Tim D. , Chan Andrew T. , Franks Paul W. , Gibson Rachel , Berry Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviours in the general population is limited. In this retrospective longitudinal study including UK and US participants, we collected diet and lifestyle data pre-pandemic (896,286) and peri-pandemic (291,871) using a mobile health app, and we computed a bidirectional health behaviour disruption index. Disruption of health behaviour was higher in younger, female and socio-economically deprived participants. Loss in body weight was greater in highly disrupted individuals than in those with low disruption. There were large inter-individual changes observed in 46 health and diet behaviours measured peri-pandemic compared with pre-pandemic, but no mean change in the total population. Individuals most adherent to less healthy pre-pandemic health behaviours improved their diet quality and weight compared with those reporting healthier pre-pandemic behaviours, irrespective of relative deprivation; therefore, for a proportion of the population, the pandemic may have provided an impetus to improve health behaviours. Public policies to tackle health inequalities widened by the pandemic should continue to prioritize diet and physical activity for all, as well as more targeted approaches to support younger females and those living in economically deprived areas.
Evolution of eastern Tibetan river systems is driven by the indentation of India
Authors: Chen Yi , Wu Baosheng , Xiong Zhongyu , Zan Jinbo , Zhang Bangwen , Zhang Ruoyin , Xue Yuan , Li Minhui , Li Bingshuai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe main rivers that originate from the Tibetan Plateau are important as a resource and for the sedimentary and biogeochemical exchange between mountains and oceans. However, the dominant mechanism for the evolution of eastern Tibetan river systems remains ambiguous. Here we conduct geomorphological analyses of river systems and assess catchment-average erosion rates in the eastern Tibetan Plateau using a digital elevation model and cosmogenic radionuclide data. We find that major dividing ranges have northeast oriented asymmetric geometries and that erosion rates reduce in the same direction. This coincides with the northeastward indentation of India and we suggest this indicates a primarily tectonic influence on the large-scale configuration of eastern Tibetan river systems. In contrast, low-level streams appear to be controlled by fluvial self-organization processes. We propose that this distinction between high- and low-order channel evolution highlights the importance of local optimization of optimal channel network models in tectonically active areas.
Deep learning-based detection and segmentation of diffusion abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Chin-Fu , Hsu Johnny , Xu Xin , Ramachandran Sandhya , Wang Victor , Miller Michael I. , Hillis Argye E. , Faria Andreia V. ,   The STIR and VISTA Imaging investigators, Wintermark Max , Warach Steven J. , Albers Gregory W. , Davis Stephen M. , Grotta James C. , Hacke Werner , Kang Dong-Wha , Kidwell Chelsea , Koroshetz Walter J. , Lees Kennedy R. , Lev Michael H. , Liebeskind David S. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Thijs Vincent N. , Thomalla Götz , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Luby Marie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Accessible tools to efficiently detect and segment diffusion abnormalities in acute strokes are highly anticipated by the clinical and research communities.

Methods
We developed a tool with deep learning networks trained and tested on a large dataset of 2,348 clinical diffusion weighted MRIs of patients with acute and sub-acute ischemic strokes, and further tested for generalization on 280 MRIs of an external dataset (STIR).

Results
Our proposed model outperforms generic networks and DeepMedic, particularly in small lesions, with lower false positive rate, balanced precision and sensitivity, and robustness to data perturbs (e.g., artefacts, low resolution, technical heterogeneity). The agreement with human delineation rivals the inter-evaluator agreement; the automated lesion quantification of volume and contrast has virtually total agreement with human quantification.

Conclusion
Our tool is fast, public, accessible to non-experts, with minimal computational requirements, to detect and segment lesions via a single command line. Therefore, it fulfills the conditions to perform large scale, reliable and reproducible clinical and translational research.
The impact of global change - the COVID-19 pandemic on the evaluation of employee performance in companies in the Czech Republic
Authors: Čemerková Šárka , Pokorná Pavla , Malátek Vojtěch 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Human resource management is a process that includes several consecutive phases. Employee performance evaluation is one of them. It is a starting point for rewarding employees as well as for several other personnel activities, such as personnel planning, job analysis, employee deployment, and more. The company may approach the evaluation of employee performance itself in different ways. Employee performance can be evaluated in different ways and with different frequencies. The setting up of the employee performance evaluation system is based on global and local conditions, corporate culture, and the needs of the company's management.
Purpose of the article: The article aims discuss the approach of the companies in the Czech Republic to the evaluation of employee performance and to evaluate whether or not there have been any changes in this system due to the global pandemic COVID-19.
Methods: The starting point of our research is quantitative data on companies in the Czech Republic, obtained by a questionnaire survey immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic and after its first year. Using the chi-square test the attitudes of these companies to the evaluation of employee performance and their changes as a result of COVID-19 are evaluated.
Findings & Value added: Conclusions are drawn regarding changes in the system of employee performance evaluation, the method of implementation and frequency of evaluation, and its use in personnel work in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 on the sale of products and accompanying services to electrical engineering companies in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kaňovská Lucie , Bumberová Veronika 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The coronavirus pandemic and action taken by companies in response, necessarily led to a significant reduction in the performance of the Czech economy, and especially a downturn in industry. While in sectors it was easy to calculate the slump in production and orders, elsewhere the slowdown in the world economy is expected to be felt in the coming periods. Yet there were also companies that were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 situation. One of the options for maintaining a market position may be an emphasis on accompanying services, including smart services which, thanks to the limitations of COVID-19, could significantly alleviate the situation.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to find out whether COVID-19 will have an impact on the sale of products and accompanying services in the industry selected from the perspective of respondents' perceptions over time.
Methods: This paper draws on a conjunctural research approach via survey and structural interview data collected in electrical engineering companies during the Coronavirus pandemic situation. The data obtained from the quantitative survey carried out in September 2020 is used to evaluate the results by summarizing the answers in the individual variants. The data obtained from qualitative interviews conducted in July 2021 are used both to illustrate the views of selected entrepreneurs from industry who were actively involved in the research, and to map the current situation.
Findings and value added: The results of the quantitative survey show uncertain to more negative views on the impact of sales of firms’ own products and services in general, while current qualitative data collection on the present has a positive tendency to perceive further growth and recovery especially in the area of servitization which has helped in crisis resilience.
Changes in the Labour Market and Education in the Czech Republic in the Context of the Global Pandemic
Authors: Linkeschová Dana , Tichá Alena 
Published: December 2021

Research background: At a time when we are looking for ways to recover the economy most effectively from a global pandemic, digitalization represents a significant opportunity. This is a specific aspect of digitalization, i.e. automation through artificial intelligence-driven technologies, in various areas of society, particularly in the industry and related education.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to present the changes in the labour market and education in the context of the global pandemic. Even after the end of the pandemic, it will be necessary to continue increasing productivity through the use of modem technologies. Education will no longer be tailored to one profession, as it has been so far, but shall emphasise interdisciplinarity, comprehensiveness, creativity and flexibility. The Fifth Industrial Revolution (Industry 5.0) will logically follow. It is a vision of the return of a man and his creativity to the production processes.
Methods: The paper analyses the survey of the international research into the global crisis caused by the pandemic using desk research and mathematical statistics methods.
Findings and added value: Many professions tend to be at risk as work becomes increasingly digitalized and automated. This article looks at the possible evolution of the market and the emergence of new professions that cannot be imagined now. Therefore, it is very important to focus education in all areas of society to prepare the graduates to be able to flexibly respond to changes in the labour market requirements.
OTC market during COVID-19 pandemic and impact on its further development
Authors: Machová Veronika , Kučera Jiří , Juhaňáková Michaela 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected the development of the volume of trade on the OTC market. The volume was below its normal level due to the uncertainty and fear in the society.
Purpose of the article: The objective of the paper was to explain the differences between the period before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and to determine the predictions of further development until the year 2025
Methods: Using the method of neural networks, the prediction of the closing exchange rate until 2025 was determined based on the data from the past years, according to which the RM index value will be higher in December this year, with a subsequent slight decrease and fluctuations.
Findings & Value added: The results showed that the volume of trades was lower in the past compared to the period just before the pandemic, i.e. the year 2020, when the RM index was clearly highest. Investors should postpone investments until the value of the RM index is stable and trading on the OTC market is advantageous again. However, if they are willing to risk, investments can be made, although the return on investment will be unreasonably long.
The Values of Virtual Civilization in the Times of Global Consumption: Homo Sapiens VS Worldwide Pandemic
Authors: Pavlova Elena 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of COVID-19 and its influence of modern man. The article analyses the processes in which the mechanisms of human interaction with the environment manifest themselves, as well as ways to address the destructive processes in the minds and behavior of modern man.
Purpose of the article: In this article, from the point of view of philosophy, one of the most complex phenomena of the modern information age, is characterized, namely the modern stage of the human society in the context of pandemic is studied and analyzed.
Methods: Theoretical interpretation of understanding of problem of interpersonal communication in the context of globalization and pandemic COVID-19 requires an integrated approach. The method of temporal analysis and the method of personalistic and ideal-typical reconstruction, a tool that is adequate to the author’s interpretation of social self-organization in the era of globalization as a process of constituting the temporal and ethical dominance of individuals and collectivities that formalize the integrity of the cultural epoch, will become the immediate, applied methodological basis.
Findings &; Value added: Summing up our reflections, we can say that it is the flexibility, multiple variability in different behavioral situations tha is often the key to successful and efficient activity. On the contrary: constriction, resistance to the changing conditions and factors very often become an obstacle on the way to successful communication with the world around us.
Dynamics of commercial real estate market segments in the post-pandemic period
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Zasenko Vilena 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Commercial real estate segments have reacted differently to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic, announced early last year. Thus, the greatest interest is represented by commercial, service and warehouse real estate. The retail segment seriously felt the restrictions in the work of retail and service enterprises from March to July 2020 – due to the rotation of operators, the departure of many players from the market, the vacancy rate of space increased, the average rental rate decreased due to the revision of lease agreements. Warehouse real estate, on the contrary, has received incentives for development due to a twofold increase in online trade in Russia – the vacancy rate in the most high-quality areas tends to 0-2%, the average rental rate is growing rapidly.
Purpose of the article: to analyze the commercial real estate market in the context of retail and warehouse real estate in the regions of Russia and St. Petersburg, to develop mechanisms to increase their competitiveness in the postcovid period.
Methods: description, comparison, analogy, generalization and correlation and regression analysis.
Findings & Value added: there is a high dependence of the current state of retail and warehouse real estate on the growing volumes of online trade, which causes certain trends: the growth of the shortage of warehouse space and the increase in the vacancy rate of retail space-mechanisms have been developed to increase the competitiveness of commercial real estate operators in St. Petersburg and the regions
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life
Authors: Stofkova Zuzana , Seemann Peter 
Published: December 2021

Research background:The paper deals with the quality of life and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on people’s lives in Slovakia and in selected region. The concept of quality of life and dimensions of quality of life, which are necessary for its evaluation are mentioned, too. It also describes the current state of the issue in Slovakia and abroad on the basis of the selected indicators, where individual countries of the world are compared.Purpose of the article:There are mentioned approaches to quality of life assessment and to conduct a survey of quality of life in a selected region which deals with the development of the quality of life. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in Slovakia and abroad. Various definitions of the term quality of life through several authors and views.Methods:Indices in a global and national level for assessment of selected aspects of objective and subjective quality of life in terms of pandemics COVID-19 are mentioned. In order to assess the impact of a pandemic related to COVID-19 on satisfaction of citizens with several aspects of their lives in selected region is analyzed on the basis of an e-survey.Findings & Value added:The result of the article is a comparison of individual indicators of the subjective quality of life in selected EU member states and the Slovak Republic. A survey of the satisfaction of the inhabitants of selected region with selected areas of quality of their lives connected with the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out in order to monitor and evaluate the quality of life at the level of local governments.
Shopping behaviour of e - commerce customers on the example of generation Z
Authors: Laitkep Dominik , Repkova Stofkova Katarina 
Published: December 2021

Research background: In today's competition markets and different types of customers, it is difficult to achieve a competitive advantage for merchants without knowing the shopping behaviour or intentions of customers. We can classify online store customers into many categories, but we have chosen a category - Generation Z.
Purpose of the article: Generation Z can be generally defined as the technically most advanced generation of the entire population. This generation represents demanding customers who seek experiences and shop the mostly online. Generation Z members have relatively high ambitions regarding their careers, lives and they know exactly what, where and how they shop. The aim of this article is to present key factors influencing purchasing behaviour of Generation Z in Slovakia.
Methods: Methods were used to meet the aim of the paper, to present the results of the author's primary research, processed by reducing the number of attributes influencing purchasing behavior using factor analysis. The target group of primary research respondents was born between 1997 and 2012.
Findings & Value added: Purchasing behavior of the Z generation is mainly influenced by design of the website, the importance of delivery methods together with the possibility of online payment, reviews of merchants and shopping at a well-known seller. An interesting finding is Generation Z's lack of interest in a new wave of trends influencing shopping preferences through popular people on the Internet, called influencers.
Influence of marketing communication tools on customer’s purchase processes of erotic products in the Czech Republic
Authors: Milichovský František , Mráček Pavel , Prokopová Lucie 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Even today, part of society considers shops with erotic goods as something completely controversial, which should not be talked about, or used in any case. Erotic tools have been used by people for thousands of years (30,000 years ago, people in caves painted the first erotic aids). In the case of material finds, various tools from the period of 2,500 BC were discovered. Due to the understanding of erotic tools and the presentation of conservative to negative opinions of people, it is important to create effective communication and effectively influence the information of potential customers.
Purpose of the article: The main goal of the work is a description of customer behavior, analysis of the point of sale, and marketing communication in the market of erotic tools. The primary research was realized in questionnaire form in focus on the definition of a typical customer and his characteristics within their purchase habits with the support of interviews.
Methods: The description of customer behavior is based on the analysis of their behavior based on a quantitative questionnaire survey. We asked 870 people and received 463 fulfilled sheets. The results of the questionnaires will be extended by a qualitative survey in the form of personal interviews with 10 respondents.
Findings & Value added: We find out four different customer types which have different purchase behavior, and on which is necessary to use a different type of communication. According to our types, sellers of erotic tools could improve their communication channels to become more effective.
Decentralized finance
Authors: Frajtova Michalikova Katarina , Poliakova Adela 
Published: December 2021

Research background:Its simplest form, decentralized finance is a system by which financial products become available on a public decentralized blockchain network, making them open to anyone to use, rather than going through middlemen like banks or brokerages. Unlike a bank or brokerage account, a government-issued ID, Social Security number, or proof of address are not necessary to use DeFi.Purpose of the article:The aim of the contribution is more specifically, DeFi refers to a system by which software written on blockchains makes it possible for buyers, sellers, lenders, and borrowers to interact peer to peer or with a strictly software-based middleman rather than a company or institution facilitating a transaction.Methods:Multiple technologies and protocols are used to achieve the goal of decentralization. For example, a decentralized system can consist of a mix of open-source technologies, blockchain, and proprietary software. Smart contracts that automate agreement terms between buyers and sellers or lenders and borrowers make these financial products possible. Regardless of the technology or platform used, DeFi systems are designed to remove intermediaries between transacting parties.Findings & Value added:The article provides an overview of decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions that have already proved they are better alternatives to traditional finance. With DeFi, users can take advantage of lower transaction rates, higher interest rates or an opportunity to diversify investments.
Evaluation of selected capital market
Authors: Horák Jakub , Kalinová Eva , Novotná Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Stock exchange trading is an activity carried out in order to achieve a profit. The oldest and largest market operator in the CR is the Prague Stock Exchange. The complex development of the market in a given period with regard to its development trends is monitored by means of the stock market index. The index of the Prague Stock Exchange is PX index.
Purpose of the article: The objective of the contribution is the evaluation of the development of the PX index in the years 2018-2020 and the prediction of its further development.
Methods: The data on the PX index were obtained from the official Prague Stock Exchange websites. The data are available for the period of 26 March 2018-31 March 2021. The processed data are analysed using neural networks, specifically the time series analysis. The opening price is used as a variable.
Findings & Value added: The research results show that the Czech market index has been relatively stable in the past, its values being around its initial value, 1,000 points. No major fluctuations were recorded, as the PX index included very stable firms. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharp decline caused by the effect of anti-pandemic measures on the economy. Currently, the Czech market index is expected to grow gradually and stabilize at around 1,000 points.