bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Characteristics of Crustal Structure and Seismotectonic Environment in Zigui Basin, Three Gorges
Authors: Wu Yunlong , Pei Junling , Wang Ze , Zhang Yi , Yuan Huaqing 
Published: November 2021

The Zigui Basin in the Three Gorges area is a syncline running in the north-south axial direction; the sediments in the basin are mainly late Triassic-late Jurassic sandy and argillaceous rocks. Since the Three Gorges Project began undergoing impoundment in May 2003, nearly 20,000 mini-earthquakes have occurred in the Zigui–Badong region, including five earthquakes with magnitudes greater than Ms 5.0. Herein, a 3D gravity inversion method was introduced to investigate the density structure of the Zigui Basin and its adjacent areas. A comprehensive analysis of the geological structure of the area was carried out, based on focal mechanism solutions of six moderate–strong earthquakes in the area. The Zigui Basin is a low–density area from the periphery, and the sediment in the east is thicker but less dense than in the west. The shallow part of the Zigui Basin is a weak bottom layer prone to slippage, and the deep part (5–10 km) could comprise lithological strata such as limestone, sandstone, and shale, which easily undergo dissolution by leaking reservoir water. Under the action of external forces such as long-term infiltration and unloading of reservoir water, fissures will expand and squeeze then earthquakes are likely induced in the deep strata. Furthermore, new buried faults in the western and southeastern edges of the core area of the Zigui Basin could also trigger an earthquake under long–term pressurization and reservoir water penetration.
Embodied Instruction: An Exploration and Qualitative Comparison of Expression and Performance of Yoga Instruction
Authors: Reeves Tegan , White Crystal L. 
Published: November 2021

Background: An inclusive, whole-child model of education is shifting the paradigm into an integrative mind-body approach. Toward contextualizing learning at the close of the cartesian era, the current work explores embodied instruction through the lens of a teacher whose primary focus is the integration of mind and body. Perhaps the longest standing curriculum aimed at embodied learning, yoga provides a unique perspective on techniques and experiences of embodied teaching.Method: This case study employed an in-depth explorative participatory design to observe instructor intentions in and performance of instruction. Consecutive interviews (5) in conjunction with participatory observation of weekly classes (8) were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and triangulated with researcher memos. A grounded and comparative methodology was used to analyze expressed understanding of embodied learning and performed instruction.Results: In-depth interviews revealed four themes of expressed understanding of embodied instruction: energetic state, personality of instruction, inviting experience and student vulnerability. Participatory observations revealed four themes of performance of embodied instruction: scoping, cadence, silence, and inviting practice. Overlap in expressed understanding and observed instruction were found in each theme. An example of the expressed understanding of a thematic concept is inviting experience: “If someone comes in the very first time and the teacher is very invasive and says, “Do this, do this, do this.” And the next pose the teacher is hovering over them, you are not going to go back. You are going to hate it so much [I] let people be really all over the place at the beginning as long as they are safe. [I] allow them that kind of freedom, initially”. This was further supported in the observed instruction; an example of this is: “We’re going to play with [a posture]. that firmness in your abs, engage the core so a foot might lift. Maybe both feet.” And “with the arms firm, maybe the legs straighten”.Conclusion: The current study yields preliminary insight into yoga instruction strategies to support further development of embodied teaching and learning.
Study of a High Temperature–Resistant Shielding Material for the Shielding Doors of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Xiao-ling LI , Rong-jun Wu , Xiao-hui Xu , Duo-fei Zhang , Ming YU 
Published: November 2021

An optimization design and application of high temperature–resistant shielding material was carried out according to the nuclear power plant source characteristics and special protection requirements such as loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The composition of lead–boron polyethylene shielding composite was optimized based on the genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo methods and then realized by blending modification and graft copolymerization to improve its high temperature–resistant, shielding, and mechanical properties. Then comprehensive properties such as mechanical, neutron shielding, damp heat aging, irradiation resistance, and high temperature resistance were tested. These experiments proved that the high temperature–resistant lead–boron polyethylene shielding composite has excellent performance; especially, as it is able to keep a complete structure in a high-temperature environment of up to 190°C for 48 h. Finally, the shielding composite was applied to the shielding door design of a reactor pit chamber. When the shield thickness is 60 mm, the level of the neutron dose rate was reduced by 10 times, and that of the γ dose rate was reduced by 5 times, which meets all the requirements of radiation protection safety for nuclear power plants.
Will Low-Carbon Purchasing Behavior Make Residents’ Behaviors Greener? Research Based on Spillover Effects
Authors: Yue Ting , Zhang Lan , Long Ruyin , Chen Hong , Gao Chenchen , Li Mengting 
Published: November 2021

Low-carbon purchasing behavior is the core part of low-carbon consumption behavior. Its impact on low-carbon use behavior, recycling behavior, and garbage sorting behavior needs to be further clarified. Based on self-perception theory and cognitive dissonance theory, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the spillover effect of low-carbon purchasing behavior on low-carbon use behavior, recycling behavior and garbage sorting behavior through self-efficacy and environmental self-identity. This paper uses the Bootstrap method to analyze 494 valid questionnaires empirically. The results show that: low-carbon purchasing behavior has a significantly positive effect on low-carbon use behavior, recycling behavior, and garbage sorting behavior. Self-efficacy and environmental self-identity play partially parallel mediating roles in the spillover effect. The mediating effect of environmental self-efficacy is stronger than environmental self-identity between low-carbon purchasing behavior and low-carbon use behavior. The mediating effect of self-efficacy is weaker than environmental self-identity between low-carbon purchasing behavior and recycling behavior or garbage sorting behavior. The spillover effects are different in demographic variables. The spillover effect of men is more substantial than women. The spillover effect of residents in 18–44 years old is more significant than residents in other age groups. The spillover effect of married residents is the largest. Residents with a bachelor’s degree have the most significant spillover effects on recycling behavior and garbage sorting behavior than residents with other educational levels. Professional and technical personnel have the most considerable spillover effect than other occupation types. The spillover effect is the largest when the family have three members. The spillover effect of residents with a monthly household income of 6,000–8,000 yuan is the largest between low-carbon purchasing behavior and low-carbon use behavior.
Univariable and Multivariable Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Investigating the Effects of Leisure Sedentary Behaviors on the Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Peng Haoxin , Wu Xiangrong , Wen Yaokai , Ao Yiyuan , Li Yutian , Guan Wenhui , Lin Jinsheng , Li Caichen , Liang Hengrui , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: November 2021

Background:Leisure sedentary behaviors (LSB) are widespread, and observational studies have provided emerging evidence that LSB play a role in the development of lung cancer (LC). However, the causal inference between LSB and LC remains unknown.Methods: We utilized univariable (UVMR) and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis to disentangle the effects of LSB on the risk of LC. MR analysis was conducted with genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of LSB (408,815 persons from UK Biobank), containing 152 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for television (TV) watching, 37 SNPs for computer use, and four SNPs for driving, and LC from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (11,348 cases and 15,861 controls). Multiple sensitivity analyses were further performed to verify the causality.Results: UVMR demonstrated that genetically predisposed 1.5-h increase in LSB spent on watching TV increased the odds of LC by 90% [odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44–2.50; p &lt; 0.001]. Similar trends were observed for squamous cell lung cancer (OR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.31–2.94; p = 0.0010) and lung adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.64; 95%CI 1.12–2.39; p = 0.0110). The causal effects remained significant after adjusting for education (OR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.44–2.68; p &lt; 0.001) and body mass index (OR, 1.86; 95%CI, 1.36–2.54; p &lt; 0.001) through MVMR approach. No association was found between prolonged LSB spent on computer use and driving and LC risk. Genetically predisposed prolonged LSB was additionally correlated with smoking (OR, 1.557; 95%CI, 1.287–1.884; p &lt; 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR, 1.010; 95%CI, 1.004–1.016; p = 0.0016). Consistency of results across complementary sensitivity MR methods further strengthened the causality.Conclusion: Robust evidence was demonstrated for an independent, causal effect of LSB spent on watching TV in increasing the risk of LC. Further work is necessary to investigate the potential mechanisms.
Six Autoimmune Disorders Are Associated With Increased Incidence of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Half a Million Patients
Authors: Zádori Noémi , Szakó Lajos , Váncsa Szilárd , Vörhendi Nóra , Oštarijaš Eduard , Kiss Szabolcs , Frim Levente , Hegyi Péter , Czimmer József 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundGastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate. The potential etiological role of autoimmune (AI) disorders has been described in gastric cancer; however, the literature is controversial. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the association between autoimmune disorders and the incidence of gastric cancer.MethodsThis study was registered on PROSPERO under registration number CRD42021262875. The systematic literature search was conducted in four scientific databases up to May 17, 2021. Studies that reported standardized incidence rate (SIR) of gastric cancer in autoimmune disorders were eligible. We calculated pooled SIRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in this meta-analysis.ResultsWe included 43 articles describing 36 AI disorders with data of 499,427 patients from four continents in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Significantly increased incidence of gastric cancer was observed in dermatomyositis (SIR = 3.71; CI: 2.04, 6.75), pernicious anemia (SIR = 3.28; CI: 2.71, 3.96), inflammatory myopathies (SIR = 2.68; CI:1.40; 5.12), systemic lupus erythematosus (SIR = 1.48; CI: 1.09, 2.01), diabetes mellitus type I (SIR = 1.29; CI:1.14, 1,47), and Graves’ disease (SIR = 1.28; CI: 1.16, 1.41). No significant associations could be found regarding other AI disorders.ConclusionsPernicious anemia, Graves’ disease, dermatomyositis, diabetes mellitus type I, inflammatory myopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with higher incidence rates of gastric cancer. Therefore, close gastroenterological follow-up or routinely performed gastroscopy and application of other diagnostic measures may be cost-effective and clinically helpful for patients diagnosed with these autoimmune diseases.
HOTAIR Up-Regulation Activates NF-κB to Induce Immunoescape in Gliomas
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Yi Kaikai , Liu Xing , Tan Yanli , Jin Weili , Li Yansheng , Zhou Junhu , Wang Hongjun , Kang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCheckpoint blockade therapies targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death 1 promote T cell-mediated immune surveillance against tumors and have been associated with significant clinical benefit in cancer patients. The long-stranded non-coding RNA HOTAIR is highly expressed and associated with metastasis in a variety of cancer types and promotes tumor metastasis at least in part through association with the PRC2 complex that induces redirection to hundreds of genes involved in tumor metastasis. Here, we report that HOTAIR is an activator lncRNA of the NF-κB pathway and demonstrate that its apparent upregulation promotes inflammatory signaling and immune escape in glioma cells.MethodsBioinformatics analysis was used to elucidate the relationship between HOTAIR and NF-κB pathway in HOTAIR knockdown glioma cells. At the cytological level, protein hybridization and immunofluorescence were used to detect the response of proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway to HOTAIR regulation. ChIP and ChIRP experiments identified HOTAIR target genes. Animal experiments verified alterations in inflammation and immune escape following HOTAIR knockdown and activity inhibition.ResultsHOTAIR activated the expression of proteins involved in NF-κB, TNFα, MAPK and other inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, HOTAIR induced various proteins containing protein kinase structural domains and promoted the enrichment of proteins and complexes of important inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the TNFα/NF-κB signaling protein complex, the IκB kinase complex, and the IKKA-IKKB complex. In addition, HOTAIR aberrantly activated biological processes involved in glioma immune responses, T-cell co-stimulation and transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. HOTAIR facilitated the induction of IκBα phosphorylation by suppressing the expression of the NF-κB upstream protein UBXN1, promoting NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In vivo, reduction of HOTAIR decreased PD-L1 protein expression, indicating that cells are more likely to be targeted by immune T cells.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results provide convincing evidence that lncRNA HOTAIR drives aberrant gene transcription and immune escape from tumor cells through the NF-κB pathway.
Comparison of Time Taken to Assess Cognitive Function Using a Fully Immersive and Automated Virtual Reality System vs. the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Wong Wei Teen , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Lim Jie En , Allen John Carson , Lee Wan Sian , Quah Joanne Hui Min , Paulpandi Muthulakshmi , Teh Tuan Ann , Lim Soon Huat , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Dementia is increasingly prevalent globally. Existing questionnaire-based cognitive assessment tools may not comprehensively assess cognitive function and real-time task-performance across all cognitive domains. CAVIRE (Cognitive Assessment by VIrtual REality), a fully immersive virtual reality system incorporating automated audio-visual instructions and a scoring matrix was developed to assess the six cognitive domains, with potential to maintain consistency in execution of the testing environment and possibly time-saving in busy primary care practice.Aims: This is a feasibility study to compare the completion times of the questionnaire-based Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the CAVIRE in cognitively-healthy Asian adults aged between 35 and 74 years, overall, and in and across each 10-year age group (35–44; 45–54; 55–64; 65–74).Methods: A total of 100 participants with a MoCA score of 26 or more were recruited equally into the four 10-year age groups at a primary care clinic in Singapore. Completion time for the MoCA assessment for each participant was recorded. They were assessed using the CAVIRE, comprising 13 segments featuring common everyday activities assessing all six cognitive domains, and the completion time was also recorded through the embedded automated scoring and timing framework.Results: Completion time for CAVIRE as compared to MoCA was significantly (p &lt; 0.01) shorter, overall (mean difference: 74.9 (SD) seconds) and in each age group. Younger, vs. older, participants completed both the MoCA and CAVIRE tasks in a shorter time. There was a greater variability in the completion time for the MoCA, most markedly in the oldest group, whereas completion time was less variable for the CAVIRE tasks in all age groups, with most consistency in the 45–54 year-age group.Conclusion: We demonstrate almost equivalent completion times for a VR and a questionnaire-based cognition assessment, with inter-age group variation in VR completion time synonymous to that in conventional screening methods. The CAVIRE has the potential to be an alternative screening modality for cognition in the primary care setting.
Spatial Neglect Subtypes, Definitions and Assessment Tools: A Scoping Review
Authors: Williams Lindy J. , Kernot Jocelyn , Hillier Susan L. , Loetscher Tobias 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to capture the reported definitions for the subtypes of neglect post stroke and map the range of assessment tools employed for each neglect subtype.Methods: EMBASE, Emcare, Medline, and psychINFO were searched from database inception. Searching included all allied terms and mesh headings for stroke, spatial neglect, measurement, screening tools, psychometric properties. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion. Primary studies with documented protocols of a spatial neglect tool for adults post stroke, with some aspect of validity or reliability were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed the documented protocols of each tool to determine the underlying subtypes and disagreements were resolved through discussion.Results: There were 371 articles included with 292 tools used for the screening or diagnosis of neglect. The majority of studies (67%) included a tool that did not specify the neglect subtype being assessed, therefore an analysis of the underlying subtypes for each tool is presented.Conclusions: There is no consistency with the terms used to refer to the syndrome of spatial neglect with over 200 different terms used within the included studies to refer to the syndrome as a whole or one of its subtypes. It is essential to unify the terminology and definition for each neglect subtype. There are hundreds of neglect tools available, however many are not able to differentiate presenting subtypes. It is important for clinicians and researchers to critically evaluate the neglect tools being used for the screening and diagnosis of neglect.
Effect of Obesity on Retinal Integrity in African Americans and Caucasian Americans With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rube Jacob , Bross Madeline , Bernitsas Christopher , Hackett Melody , Bao Fen , Bernitsas Evanthia 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To study the effect of obesity on retinal structures in African Americans (AAs) and Caucasian Americans (CAs) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).Methodology: About 136 patients with RRMS without history of optic neuritis were divided into two groups, based on body mass index (BMI): 67 obese (40 AA, 27 CA, mean BMI ± SD: 36.7 ± 5.8), and 69 non-obese (23 AA, 46 CA, mean BMI ± SD: 24.0 ± 3.1). The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness was quantified by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and was segmented into quadrant thickness: superior (S), inferior (I), temporal (T), and nasal (N). Papillomacular bundle (PMB) thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), inner nuclear (INL), outer plexiform (OPL), outer nuclear (ONL), and total macular (TMV) volumes were obtained.Results: Obesity was associated with lower T thickness (58.54 ± 15.2 vs. 61.9 12.4, p = 0.044), higher INL (0.98 ± 0.07 vs. 0.96 ± 0.06, p = 0.034), and lower RNFL (0.77 ± 0.14 vs. 0.82 ± 0.12, p = 0.009) volumes. Obese AA had significantly thinner T (58.54 ± 15.19 vs. 61.91 ± 12.39, p = 0.033), N (68.94 ± 2.7 vs. 77.94 ± 3.3, p = 0.044), and TMV (8.15 ± 0.07 vs. 8.52 ± 0.09, p = 0.003), RNFL (0.74 ± 0.02 vs. 0.82 ± 0.02, p = 0.013), OPL (0.76 ± 0.01 vs. 0.79 ± 0.1, p = 0.050), ONL (1.68 ± 0.031 vs. 1.79 ± 0.038, p = 0.026), and GCIPL (1.78 ± 0.04 vs. 1.9 ± 0.05, p = 0.038) compared to obese CA. Among patients with non-obesity, the ONL was significantly lower in AA (1.78 ± 0.04 vs. 1.9 ± 0.05, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Obesity is associated with retinal structure abnormalities in patients with RRMS. Its impact might be more prominent in AA than CA. Large longitudinal studies are needed to validate our findings.
Intermittent Fasting Reshapes the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome and Reduces Weight Gain More Effectively Than Melatonin in Mice
Authors: Liu Jingliang , Zhong Yifan , Luo Xin M. , Ma Yanfei , Liu Jianxin , Wang Haifeng 
Published: November 2021

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) can reduce energy intake and body weight (BW). Melatonin has many known functions, which include reducing appetite and preventing excessive weight gain.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of IF on body fat and the gut microbiota and metabolome as well as a potential interaction with melatonin.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (23.0 ± 0.9 g, 6 wk old) were randomly assigned into four groups (12 mice/group): control (C), intermittent fasting (F), melatonin (M), and intermittent fasting plus melatonin (MF). The C and M groups mice were provided with ad libitum access to food and water, while the F and MF groups underwent alternative-day feed deprivation (15 cycles total). Melatonin was administered in the drinking water of the M and MF groups. Blood, epididymal fat, liver tissue, and intestinal tissue and contents were collected for lab measurements, histology, and microbiota and metabolome analysis. Main effects and interactions were tested by 2-factor ANOVA.Results: IF significantly reduced BW gain and serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Adipocyte size significantly decreased with IF, then the number of adipocytes per square millimeter significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the C group, the M and MF groups had significantly higher serum melatonin levels (17 and 21%, respectively), although melatonin monotherapy had no effect on serum parameters and adipocytes. There was no interaction between IF and melatonin on BW gain and serum parameters except for on adipocyte area and number per square millimeter, Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia bacterial abundance, and the levels of the intestinal metabolites alanine, valine and isoleucine. IF changed the intestinal microbiota structure, with the F and MF groups clearly separating from the C and M groups. Metabolomic analysis showed that there was obvious separation between all four groups.Conclusions: IF, but neither melatonin nor the interaction between IF and melatonin, could alter intestinal microbiota and metabolism and prevent obesity by reducing BW gain, serum glucose, TC, and TG, and adipocyte size in mice.