bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mura’ah al-khilaf and ma’alat method in fatwa decisions: its application for fatwa coordination related to conditional hibah in Malaysia
Authors: Asni Fathullah , Sulong Jasni 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the differences in fatwa amongst official fatwa institutions in Malaysia comprising the State Mufti’s Departments (SMDs), the National Fatwa Committee Muzakarah (NFCM) and the National Bank Shariah Advisory Council (NBSAC) regarding the conditional gift issue and to propose a uniformed fatwa by taking an approach of celebrating views of all the official fatwa institutions involved.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used for this study is qualitative; data was collectedthrough library research and field studies.[AQ1] The library research was accomplished by examining books, statutes and related circulars, while field studies were conducted through unstructured interviews with eight Shariah (Sharia) officers and two academicians from SMDs, NFCM, NBSAC and public universities.

Findings
The findings of the study found that the conditional hibah (ruqba and 'umra) is valid as far as gifting is concerned, while the conditions pertaining to it are null and void. The findings also found that the concept of mura’ah al-khilaf and ma’alat al-af’al can be practised by applying conditional hibah to maintain maslahah, as provided under the concept of maqasid al-Shariah. Hence, this study proposed that formal fatwa institutions consisting of SMDs, NFCM and NBSAC issue a comprehensive guideline in contracting conditional hibah by providing an explicit provision on the recognised and different opinions about the said hibah.

Originality/value
The study analyses the differences of opinions of the official fatwa on conditional hibah issued by SMDs, NFCM and NBSAC based on the discipline of usul al-fiqh. It is found that conditional hibah is not allowed in Islamic law. It also found that conditional hibah granted by the NBSAC is not in adherence to the strict permission granted by Islamic law. Therefore, taking into consideration all the fatwas issued by the fatwa bodies, the researchers proposed to celebrate all official fatwas using the method of mura'ah al-khilaf and ma’alat al-af'al.
Willingness to share personal health information: impact of attitudes, trust and control
Authors: Juga Jari , Juntunen Jouni , Koivumäki Timo 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to explicate the behavioral factors that determine willingness to share personal health data for secondary uses.

Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical model is developed and tested with structural equation modeling using survey data from Finland.

Findings
It is shown that attitude toward information sharing is the strongest factor contributing to the willingness to share personal health information (PHI). Trust and control serve as mediating factors between the attitude and willingness to share PHI.

Research limitations/implications
The measures of the model need further refinement to cover the various aspects of the behavioral concepts.

Practical implications
The model provides useful insights into the factors that affect the willingness for information sharing in health care and in other areas where personal information is distributed.

Social implications
Sharing of PHI for secondary purposes can offer social benefits through improvements in health-care performance.

Originality/value
A broad-scale empirical data gives a unique view of attitudes toward sharing of PHI in one national setting.
A moderated mediation model of the association between coworker social undermining and knowledge hiding
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Shafique Imran , Kalyar Masood Nawaz 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to test the relationship between perceived coworker social undermining and knowledge hiding behavior among Pakistani doctors working in hospitals. This study further investigates the mediating role of employee cynicism (EC) and the moderating role of family social support between the association of family social support and knowledge hiding.

Design/methodology/approach
Time lagged approach was used to collect the data from 391 trainee doctors working in large hospitals in Pakistan.

Findings
The findings suggest that coworker social undermining is significantly related to EC and knowledge hiding behaviors. EC mediates the relationship between EC and knowledge hiding. Furthermore, family social support was found to play a buffer role such that the indirect effect of social undermining on knowledge hiding through cynicism was weak for those who received high family social support and vice versa.

Originality/value
Knowledge hiding is deleterious to effective organizational functioning. This study adds to knowledge about the relationship between coworker social undermining and knowledge hiding behavior. This research extends the existing research streams of social undermining and knowledge hiding research to one of the underrepresented South Asian context, Pakistan.
Optimization of laser-assisted jet electrochemical machining parameters by grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic
Authors: Malik Anup , Sanghvi Neel 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to optimize the laser-assisted jet electrochemical machining parameters, namely, supply voltage, inter-electrode gap, duty cycle and electrolyte concentration during machining of WC-Co composite using grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, experiments were carried out as per the Taguchi methodology and an L16 orthogonal array was used to study the influence of various combinations of process parameters on material removal rate, hole taper angle and surface roughness height. As a dynamic approach, the multiple response optimization was carried out using grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic.

Findings
The process parameters were optimized using grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic for different machining conditions such as balanced manufacturing, high-speed manufacturing and high-quality manufacturing. The research documented in this paper can be scaled up for case studies regarding industrial applications to compare optimization methods for manufacturing processes that are already being carried out.

Originality/value
An attempt to optimize material removal rate, hole taper angle and surface roughness height together by a combined approach of grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic has not been previously done.
Effects of Solanum undatum extract (SR‐T100) on photocarcinogenesis and photoaging of actinic keratosis
Authors: Yang Chao‐Chun , Wu Chin‐Han , Wong Tak‐Wah , Lai Feng‐Jie , Wei Kai‐Che , Lin Tzu‐Kai , Lin Chrang‐Shi , Zhao Juemin , Xiang Leihong , Kao Chao‐Hsing , Wang Ying‐Jan , Lan Cheng‐Che Eric , Sheu Hamm‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSR‐T100 gel, containing solamargine extracted from Solanum undatum (synonym: Solanum incanum), had good therapeutic effects on actinic keratosis (AK) in human and ultraviolet B‐induced papilloma in mice. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical changes in the human skin after SR‐T100 treatment. An immunohistochemical study was performed and the changes in photocarcinogenesis and photoaging markers after 16‐week SR‐T100 gel treatment were documented. SR‐T100 gel treatment for 16 weeks resulted in complete remission in nine AK lesions and partial remission in four AK lesions. SR‐T100 gel abolished the expression of mutant p53 and SOX2 and restored the expression of NOTCH1. Additionally, SR‐T100 gel improved wrinkling in human skin, while restoring the expression of lamin B1 and increasing synthesis of new elastic fibers. SR‐T100 gel had therapeutic effects on photocarcinogenesis and photoaging of photodamaged skin with AK.
Multitrophic richness enhances ecosystem multifunctionality of tropical shallow lakes
Authors: Moi Dieison A. , Romero Gustavo Q. , Antiqueira Pablo A. P. , Mormul Roger P. , Teixeira de Mello Franco , Bonecker Claudia C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The role of multitrophic diversity in sustaining multiple functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) is still poorly understood in natural communities, especially in highly diverse aquatic ecosystems. Existing studies have focused on the effect of single trophic group on ecosystem function and on individual ecosystem functions, neglecting the fact that multiple trophic groups are needed to maintain ecosystem multifunctionality.

Here, using a 16‐year database from tropical shallow lakes, we combined species richness of nine single trophic group into a unique measurement of multitrophic richness. We then investigated the influence of the richness within separate single trophic group and in a multitrophic context on ecosystem multifunctionality. We also investigated how removal of any single trophic group influence the effect of the multitrophic richness on multifunctionality; and how the interactions among multiple single trophic group affect multifunctionality.

We showed that the multitrophic richness had a stronger positive effect on multifunctionality than the richness of single trophic group. The removal of each single trophic group decreased the effect of the multitrophic richness on multifunctionality. The larger predatory vertebrates and primary producers had stronger positive effects on multifunctionality, but the richness of basal trophic groups fuelled the large‐sized predators, thus indirectly contributing to increase multifunctionality.

Our study highlights the need for preserving multiple trophic groups to sustain multifunctionality in highly diverse aquatic ecosystems; thus, trophic degradation of the ecosystems should strongly impair their functioning.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Coexistence and bush encroachment in African savannas: The role of the regeneration niche
Authors: Lewis Joel R. , Verboom George A. , February Edmund C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Globally there is increasing concern over the biodiversity and economic losses associated with bush encroachment. The dominant species responsible for bush encroachment in Africa belong to the mimosoid genera Senegalia and Vachellia, with previous research identifying Vachellia as the more aggressive invader. We asked whether these genera have evolved different traits to enable germination and establishment among competitively superior grasses. We hypothesised that these traits enable coexistence at local scales and underpin differences in invasiveness.

We conducted a large greenhouse pot experiment to quantify functional trait differences between the two genera during seedling establishment both in the presence and absence of grasses. We also examined differences in seed morphology and tested whether co‐occurrence of the two genera at the plot scale is greater than expected by chance.

Our results showed that Vachellia grew faster and taller than Senegalia in the absence of competition from grasses. In the presence of grasses, however, Senegalia increased root tissue density while Vachellia did not. The seed coats of Vachellia species were thicker than those of Senegalia, and their seeds were spherical while those of Senegalia were discoid. The two genera coexist at a local (plot) scale.

We speculated that the thicker seed coat and spherical seed shape of Vachellia reflect its primarily endozoochorous dispersal mode, while the thinner seed coat and more discoid seeds of Senegalia reflect its use of wind dispersal. Since animal dispersal is directed, promoting the movement of seed into sites frequented by animals, and in which competition from grasses and fire has been removed, animal dispersal may contribute to the greater invasiveness of Vachellia. Once established in such sites, coexistence at the local scale is facilitated by differences in root tissue density with low‐density root tissue allowing for rapid resource acquisition and growth in Vachellia, and high‐density root tissue enabling slower but more persistent growth in Senegalia.

Where previous research has focussed on environmental filtering, competition, predation or facilitation as explanations of plot‐scale phylogenetic overdispersion, our work suggests a potential role for regeneration niche in structuring local co‐occurrence.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Implementing a pandemic roster in a specialty emergency department: Challenges and benefits
Authors: Au Benjamin WY , Tranquilino Ramil , Apswoude Geraldine , Crock Carmel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo create a roster that eliminated unnecessary cross‐staff exposure to ensure the hospital had sufficient staff to run the ED in the event that a group of staff are affected by COVID‐19. This roster was aimed at providing staff with ‘manageable shift lengths, down‐time between shifts, regular breaks and access to refreshments’ as dictated by the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services.MethodsCreating six fixed teams in our ED. Teams work blocks of three consecutive days of 12 h shifts, each block alternates between day and night shifts.ResultsWe managed to completely eliminate unnecessary crossover of staff thus reducing risk of having a large part of our workforce incapacitated should any member be affected by COVID.ConclusionA pandemic roster plan to minimise staff exposure from other colleagues during a pandemic was possible. This helps to ensure an adequate workforce in the unfortunate event a staff contracts the disease leading to other close contact staff requiring isolation or succumbing to the same illness.
Distribution and mitochondrial DNA tracing of the invasive Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) in South Korea
Authors: Park Sang‐Hyun , Ha Young‐Ho , Kim Dong Eon , Kim Chang‐Jun , Choi Moon Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArgentine ants (Linepithema humile) are one of the world's most invasive species and were first reported in South Korea, near Busan Port in 2019. The distribution of their initial spread was investigated here from April to July 2020. In the invasion area, numerous nests and individuals were identified, indicating that they had settled and successfully invaded the habitat. To track the invasion of the Argentine ants we conducted haplotype analysis using COI, COII, and Cytb sequences of their mitochondrial DNA. The invasive ants had the same mitochondrial haplotype (H3) as Argentine ants from America (Chile, Ecuador, Bermuda) and East Asia (Japan). When comparing the import trade volumes at Busan port with the Argentine ant haplotypes from other countries, it was determined that the invasive ants may have originated from the United States or Japan. Numerous ecological and economic impacts due to their invasion and spread in other countries has previously been reported. Therefore, prompt control measures for the Argentine ants found at Busan port, at this relatively early stage of settlement, is required.
Analysing landscape effects on dispersal networks and gene flow with genetic graphs
Authors: Savary Paul , Foltête Jean‐Christophe , Moal Hervé , Vuidel Gilles , Garnier Stéphane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraph‐theoretic approaches have relevant applications in landscape genetic analyses. When species form populations in discrete habitat patches, genetic graphs can be used (a) to identify direct dispersal paths followed by propagules or (b) to quantify landscape effects on multi‐generational gene flow. However, the influence of their construction parameters remains to be explored. Using a simulation approach, we constructed genetic graphs using several pruning methods (geographical distance thresholds, topological constraints, statistical inference) and genetic distances to weight graph links (FST, DPS, Euclidean genetic distances). We then compared the capacity of these different graphs to (a) identify the precise topology of the dispersal network and (b) to infer landscape resistance to gene flow from the relationship between cost‐distances and genetic distances. Although not always clear‐cut, our results showed that methods based on geographical distance thresholds seem to better identify dispersal networks in most cases. More interestingly, our study demonstrates that a sub‐selection of pairwise distances through graph pruning (thereby reducing the number of data points) can counter‐intuitively lead to improved inferences of landscape effects on dispersal. Finally, we showed that genetic distances such as the DPS or Euclidean genetic distances should be preferred over the FST for landscape effect inference as they respond faster to landscape changes.
Effect of mannose‐binding lectin gene polymorphisms on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Jinjian , Chen Gang , Yan Zhen , Qiu Mochang , Tong Wentao , Zhang Xiaobin , Zhang Li , Zhu Yimin , Liu Keqi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphisms on susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated in ethnically different populations, whereas the results were always inconsistent.Materials and methodsFourteen articles involving 36 datasets were recruited to evaluate the association between MBL gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in a meta‐analysis. The random or fixed effect models were used to evaluate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsStratified analysis by ethnicities was conducted and the result revealed that rs1800450 (T vs C, OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.67, P < .05) and MBL‐A/O (T vs C, OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.34, P < .001) were strongly associated with RA in Brazilian populations. In addition, the significant relationship between rs11003125 (T vs C, OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.26, P < .05) with RA were also observed in East Asian populations. Meanwhile, the inverse associations between rs5030737 with RA in East Asians and rs1800450 with RA in Indians were acquired. However, no association between any MBL polymorphism with RA susceptibility was confirmed in Caucasians.ConclusionsThe structural polymorphisms in exon 1 of MBL gene may significantly contribute to susceptibility and development of RA in Brazilian and Indian populations, whereas the functional polymorphisms in the promoter region were more likely to associate with RA in East Asians.
Long‐term remission of small cell lung cancer after reactivation of tuberculosis following immune‐checkpoint blockade: A case report
Authors: Sirgiovanni Mattia , Hinterleitner Clemens , Horger Marius , Atique Naushad Bijoy , Lauer Ulrich M. , Zender Lars , Hinterleitner Martina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide a promising treatment option for advanced tumors including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Nevertheless, in addition to immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), an increased risk of infection including tuberculosis has been previously described. Here, we report a case of long‐term remission of a patient with SCLC after reactivation of lung tuberculosis following ICI therapy. Our case illustrates the complexity of ICI‐associated immune modulation in tuberculosis. Since new lesions in lung cancer patients are commonly associated with tumor progression, infections with mycobacterial tuberculosis may be underdiagnosed in lung cancer.
MEDI: Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from invertebrates, a rapid, cheap and streamlined protocol
Authors: Cuff Jordan P. , Wilder Shawn M. , Tercel Maximillian P. T. G. , Hunt Rhiannon , Oluwaseun Somoye , Morley Paige S. , Badell‐Grau Rafael A. , Vaughan Ian P. , Bell James R. , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo , Symondson William O. C. , Müller Carsten T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Macronutrients, comprising carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, underpin many ecological processes, but their quantification in ecological studies is often inaccurate and laborious, requiring large investments of time and bulk samples, which make individual‐level studies impossible. This study presents Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from Invertebrates (MEDI), a protocol for the direct, rapid and relatively low‐cost determination of macronutrient content from single small macroinvertebrates.

Macronutrients were extracted by a sequential process of soaking in 1:12 chloroform:methanol solution to remove lipid and then solubilising tissue in 0.1 M NaOH. Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids were determined by colorimetric assays from the same individual specimens.

The limits of detection of MEDI with the equipment and conditions used were 0.067, 0.065 and 0.006 mg/ml for proteins, carbohydrates and lipids respectively. Adjusting the volume of reagents used for extraction and determination can broaden the range of concentrations that can be detected. MEDI successfully identified taxonomic differences in macronutrient content between five insect species.

Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from Invertebrates can directly and rapidly determine macronutrient content in tiny (dry mass ~3 mg) and much larger individual invertebrates. Using MEDI, the total macronutrient content of over 50 macroinvertebrates can be determined within around 3 days of collection at a cost of ~$1.35 per sample.
Calibration chain transformation improves the comparability of organic hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data
Authors: Magozzi Sarah , Bataille Clement P. , Hobson Keith A. , Wunder Michael B. , Howa John D. , Contina Andrea , Vander Zanden Hannah B. , Bowen Gabriel J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ2H and δ18O, respectively) of animal tissues have been used to infer geographical origin or mobility based on the premise that the isotopic composition of tissue is systematically related to that of local water sources. Isotopic data for known‐origin samples are required to quantify these tissue–environment relationships. Although many of such data have been published and could be reused by researchers, differences in the standards used for calibration and analytical procedures for different datasets limit the comparability of these data.

We develop an algorithm that uses results from comparative analysis of secondary standards to transform data among reference scales and estimate the uncertainty inherent in these transformations. We apply the algorithm to a compilation of known‐origin keratin data published over the past ~20 years.

We show that transformation improves the comparability of data from different laboratories, and that the transformed data suggest ecophysiologically meaningful differences in keratin–water relationships among different animal groups and taxa.

The compiled data and algorithms are freely available in the ASSIGNR r‐package to support geographical provenance research, and more generally offer a methodology overcoming several challenges in geochemical data integration and reuse.