bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining resource availability and usefulness in a National Health Service Research Interprofessional Postdoctoral Fellowship Program
Authors: Bryan Jennifer L. , Gregory Megan E. , Brown Charnetta R. , Walder Annette , Hamer Joshua D. , Mills Whitney L. , Naik Aanand D. , Godwin Kyler M. , Hysong Sylvia J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPostdoctoral fellowships are costly: institutions incur substantial monetary costs, and fellows suffer the opportunity cost of delaying entry into their professional careers. Nevertheless, fellowship training is a beneficial academic investment; the right resources can attract high-quality candidates and maximize return on investment for all parties. This study examined the availability and perceived utility of training resources in a national, multisite interprofessional health services research fellowship program and examined differences in resource perception between alumni and directors as well as M.D. and Ph.D. alumni. One-hundred thirty-one alumni and 15 directors from a multisite interprofessional postdoctoral fellowship completed surveys regarding fellowship resources. Results from the fellowship sample as a whole revealed that mentoring and seminars were the most commonly available resources in fellowships and alumni from the same site often disagreed about resource availability. When we compared alumni and directors’ responses from the same site, we found they often disagreed about resource availability, with directors often being more likely to respond that the resource is available than the alumni. Finally, M.D. alumni reported availability of more resources and found resources to be more useful overall than Ph.D. alumni. Mentoring and seminars are important and commonly provided resources for trainees in fellowship programs; however, M.D.s and Ph.D.s vary in perceived usefulness of other resources, suggesting that one resource does not fit all. Given the gap, postdoctoral fellows may benefit from direct communication of available resources. Moreover, as Ph.D. fellows reported less resource availability and usefulness, attention should be given to meeting their unmet needs. Taken together, this will optimize their fellowship experience, thus better preparing them for their career and, ultimately, their impact on health care.
Pulmonary benign metastasising leiomyoma: a single-institution case series
Authors: Chandarana Karishma , Caruana Edward J. , Richards Cathy J. , Rathinam Sridhar , Nakas Apostolos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Benign metastasising leiomyoma (BML) is a rare and often asymptomatic presentation of smooth muscle tumour of uterine origin, occurring outside the uterus. We present the first case series of pulmonary BML in a contemporary UK population.
Patients were identified from prospective histopathological databases spanning from 2003 to 2019. Data was collected retrospectively from physical and electronic data sources.

Results
Six post-menopausal females were identified with an average age of 44±8 years (mean±SD). Fifty percent of our cohort was asymptomatic with an incidental finding of pulmonary nodules, whilst the others complained of non-specific respiratory symptoms. Five patients (88%) had multiple lesions (median 9, range 2 to 12)—with bilateral distribution, measuring an average of 11 mm (range 7 to 27) in size on cross-sectional imaging. All patients underwent diagnostic surgical pulmonary wedge resection, with no perioperative morbidity.
Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of ‘spindle cells’, staining positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin and progesterone receptors for all patients (100%), and oestrogen receptors in five patients (87%). Four patients (67%) underwent a hysterectomy prior to diagnosis of BML and one (17%) due to the diagnosis itself. Four patients (67%) underwent oophorectomy, whilst one patient required hormonal suppression therapy. Survival was 100% at a median follow-up of 59.5 months (range 29 to 166).

Conclusions
BML is a rare clinical entity accounting for a small proportion of patients presenting with pulmonary nodules. Following successful tissue diagnosis, outcomes with conservative or medical management are excellent.
Physical activity as an intervention in severe mental illness
Authors: Kandola Aaron A. , Osborn David P. J. 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYPhysical activity is a modifiable risk factor for several physical and mental health conditions. It is well established that people with severe mental illness have increased risk of physical health complications, particularly cardiovascular disease. They are also more likely to be physically inactive, contributing to the elevated cardiovascular and metabolic risks, which are further compounded by antipsychotic medication use. Interventions involving physical activity are a relatively low risk and accessible way of reducing physical health problems and weight in people with severe mental illness. They also have wider benefits for mental health symptoms and quality of life. However, many barriers still exist to the widespread implementation of physical activity interventions in the treatment of severe mental illness. A more concerted effort is needed to facilitate their translation into routine practice and to increase adherence to activity interventions.
Routine clozapine assay monitoring to improve the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Kitchen David , Till Alex , Xavier Panchu 
Published: April 2021

Aims and methodRoutine therapeutic drug monitoring in clozapine therapy has previously not been considered justifiable. Using observational data, the clinical utility of annual clozapine assay monitoring is explored within a large mental health trust.ResultsAfter the introduction of routine monitoring, the rate of clozapine assays rose to 2.3 per patient per year, with a consistent reduction in high-risk clozapine assays (<0.1 mg/L or >1.0 mg/L or any result more than 24 months old). High-risk assays are associated with a mortality rate of 31.6 deaths per 1000 patients, more than twice that of those within the target range (0.35–0.60 mg/L and conducted within the past 12 months) (P = 0.048).Clinical implicationsRoutine clozapine assay monitoring has significant clinical utility. Our simple but targeted approach can be readily implemented to reduce the number of patients with high-risk clozapine assay levels, potentially reduce all-cause mortality and provide optimal treatment for those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Quasi-two-dimensional magnetism in spin-

square lattice compound Cu[C6H2(COO)4][H3N-(CH2)2-NH3] · 3H2O
Authors: Guchhait S. , Baby S. , Padmanabhan M. , Medhi A. , Nath R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the crystal growth and structural and magnetic properties of quasi-two-dimensional

quantum magnet Cu[C6H2(COO)4][H3N-(CH2)2-NH3]

3H2O. It is found to crystallize in a monoclinic structure with space group

. The CuO4 plaquettes are connected into a two-dimensional framework in the ab-plane through the anions of [C6H2(COO)4]4− (pyromellitic acid). The [H3N-(CH2)2-NH3]

3H2O groups are located between the layers and provide a weak interlayer connection via hydrogen (H...O) bonds. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility is well described by

frustrated square lattice

model with nearest-neighbor interaction

and next-nearest-neighbor interaction

. Our analysis using frustrated rectangular lattice

model also confirms almost isotropic nearest-neighbour interactions (

and

) in the ab-plane and

. Further, the isothermal magnetization at

is also well described by a non-frustrated square lattice model with

. Based on the

ratio, the compound can be placed in the Néel antiferromagnetic state of the

phase diagram. No signature of magnetic long-range order is detected down to 2 K.
The Jurisgenerativity of a Liquid Praxis
Authors: Raengo Alessandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
liquid blackness founder Alessandra Raengo talks with filmmaker and installation artist John Akomfrah about the emergence of the trope of liquidity in his work, in the context of the reversibility between aesthetics, practice, and praxis exhibited since his output with the Black Audio Film Collective, and about the intellectual errantry of his practice ever since. Together they explore liquidity as a feature of double consciousness, a way to comprehend the dispersion of the polyrhythmic, and a key to approach the aesthetic philosophy of collective praxis.
Visualization of incidentally imaged pituitary gland on three-dimensional arterial spin labeling of the brain
Authors: Bohara Manisha , Nakajo Masanori , Kamimura Kiyohisa , Yoneyama Tomohide , Ayukawa Takuro , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the visualization of incidentally imaged normal pituitary gland on three-dimensional (3D) pseudo continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) perfusion imaging of the brain.

Methods:
Ninety-three patients with a normal pituitary gland who underwent 3D PCASL for suspected brain diseases were retrospectively included. Visualization of the pituitary gland on PCASL cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps was assessed independently by two observers using a three-point grading system: Grade 1, pituitary CBF ≤ CBF of the cerebral white matter (WM); Grade 2, CBF of WM &lt; pituitary CBF ≤ CBF of the cortical gray matter (GM); and Grade 3, CBF of GM &lt; pituitary CBF. The interobserver agreement of visual grading was determined using weighted κ statistic. The associations of visual grades with age, sex, and pituitary volume were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Pituitary glands were divided equally into three groups (small, medium, and large) according to their volume for categorization.

Results:
The interobserver agreement for visual rating was excellent (weighted κ = 0.823). Of the 93 cases, Grades 1, 2, and 3 included 17 (18.3%), 41 (44.1%), and 35 cases (37.6%), respectively. Medium and large pituitary volume were significantly associated with Grade 3 visualization (p = 0.0153, OR = 4.8323; 95% CI: 1.3525, 17.2649 and p = 0.0009; OR = 9.0299; 95% CI: 2.4663, 33.0614, respectively), whereas there was no significant association for age or sex.

Conclusion:
The normal pituitary gland is often visualized with higher CBF than cortical GM on 3D PCASL, especially in individuals with larger pituitary volume.

Advances in knowledge:
Appearance of the normal pituitary gland on 3D PCASL has been documented for the first time.
Enabling change in public health services: Insights from the implementation of nurse mentoring interventions to improve quality of obstetric and newborn care in two North Indian states
Authors: Kane Sumit , Dayal Prarthna , Mahapatra Tanmay , Kumar Sanjiv , Bhasin Shikha , Gore Aboli , Das Aritra , Reddy Sandeep , Mahal Ajay , Krishnan Suneeta , Kermode Michelle 
Published: April 2021

Background: Few studies have explicitly examined the implementation of change interventions in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) public health services. We contribute to implementation science by analyzing the implementation of an organizational change intervention in a large, hierarchical and bureaucratic public service in a LMIC health system. Methods: Using qualitative methods, we critically interrogate the implementation of an intervention to improve quality of obstetric and newborn services across 692 facilities in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states of India to reveal how to go about making change happen in LMIC public health services. Results: We found that focusing the interventions on a discreet part of the health service (labour rooms) ensured minimal disruption of the status quo and created room for initiating change. Establishing and maintaining respectful, trusting relationships is critical, and it takes time and much effort to cultivate such relationships. Investing in doing so allows one to create a safe space for change; it helps thaw entrenched practices, behaviours and attitudes, thereby creating opportunities for change. Those at the frontline of change processes need to be enabled and supported to: lead by example, model and embody desirable behaviours, be empathetic and humble, and make the change process a positive and meaningful experience for all involved. They need discretionary space to tailor activities to local contexts and need support from higher levels of the organisation to exercise discretion. Conclusions: We conclude that making change happen in LMIC public health services, is possible, and is best approached as a flexible, incremental, localised, learning process. Smaller change interventions targeting discreet parts of the public health services, if appropriately contextualised, can set the stage for incremental system wide changes and improvements to be initiated. To succeed, change initiatives need to cultivate and foster support across all levels of the organisation.
Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
Authors: Galle Nadina , Brinton William , Vos Robin , Duarte Fábio , Collier Marcus , Ratti Carlo , Pilla Francesco 
Published: April 2021

Background:Soil spatial variability is a major concern when deciding how to collect a representative topsoil sample for laboratory analysis. Sampling design to capture site-specific variability is documented in the agricultural literature, but poorly understood for urban forest soils where soils may be characterized by strong horizontal and vertical variability and large temporal anthropogenic disturbances.Methods:This paper evaluates the spatial variability of selected topsoil properties under urban trees to define a statistically robust sampling design that optimizes the number of samples to reliably characterize basal soil respiration (BSR), a property associated with soil health. To provide a reference on variability, two additional soil properties were measured, unrelated to BSR: electrical conductivity (EC) and bulk density (BD). Thirteen sampling sites comprising both park and street trees (Acer rubrum) were selected in Cambridge, MA, USA.Results:Results indicate street tree topsoil had approximately twice as much variation, requiring more intensive sampling, as did park tree topsoil, even though street trees had smaller soil sampling zones, constricted by tree pits. The variability of BSR was nearly identical to that of EC, and BD results varied least. A large number of samples would be required for acceptable levels of statistical reliability (90% CI - 10% ER) of 44.4, 41.7, and 6.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively, whereas by accepting a lower level of certainty (80% CI - 20% ER) the number of required soil samples was calculated as 6.8, 6.4, and 0.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively.Conclusions:The use of EC testing as a baseline measure to determine spatial variation in the topsoil is proposed, to alleviate the financial implications of more expensive BSR testing. Factors of topsoil disturbance and soil access restrictions at sites with severe root-sidewalk conflicts and the overall generalizability of the results are also discussed.
O USO DA TECNOLOGIA QR CODE E DE OUTROS RECURSOS DIGITAIS EM ESTUDOS DE INVERTEBRADOS
Authors: Soibelman Renée , Barbosa Oscar Rocha 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo disponibilizar uma metodologia de uso da tecnologia QR Code e outros recursos digitais na construção do conhecimento, em estudos de invertebrados. Através de uma sequência didática, em uma página da Web, o projeto irá proporcionar um enfoque investigativo no estudo deste grupo zoológico. A ideia desse projeto surgiu da necessidade de se produzir um recurso tecnológico para se inserir o conteúdo de estudos dos invertebrados utilizando as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs), tão presentes no cotidiano dos alunos. O professor, através de uma aula diversificada, irá conduzir os alunos a atividades e pesquisas, que serão apresentadas por meio do QR Code e links do site, objetivando promover nos discentes as competências de leitura, construções de textos e motivação para o estudo de zoologia dos invertebrados. O smartphone sendo utilizado como recurso didático será um diferencial para os alunos já que é presença constante no seu cotidiano. No cenário atual da Covid 19, em que as aulas presenciais foram suspensas, o uso de sequência didática online poderá auxiliar os docentes como metodologia de ensino. Essa sequência didática também ficará disponibilizada em pôsteres com os códigos QR, de forma que somente com o aparelho celular com acesso a internet e com leitor de código, o professor poderá conduzir a sequência didática. Como sugestões para trabalhos futuros essa metodologia poderia ser utilizada para qualquer conteúdo de Biologia ou em qualquer outra disciplina.
Fast fiber mode decomposition with a lensless fiber-point-diffraction interferometer
Authors: Li Junbo , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zheng Yunhan , Li Fangxin , Shan Xiaoqin , Han Zhigang , Zhu Rihong 
Published: April 2021

Recently, the growing interest in few-mode fibers in telecommunications and high-power lasers has stimulated the demand for fiber mode decomposition (MD). Here we present a fast fiber MD method with a lensless fiber-point-diffraction interferometer. The complex amplitude at the fiber end is achieved by the polarization phase-shifting technique and the lensless imaging technique. Then, the eigenmode coefficients are determined by the mode orthogonal operations of the complex amplitude. In the experiment, the SMF-28e fiber containing 10 linear polarized modes at the wavelength of 632.8 nm is studied for MD. The decomposition of the 50 * 50 pixels interferograms takes only 0.0168 s. The similarity of the intensity patterns of the testing light is larger than 97% before and after the MD. This new, to the best of our knowledge, method can achieve fast and accurate 10-mode MD without using any imaging systems.
Service user experiences of community services for complex emotional needs: A qualitative thematic synthesis
Authors: Sheridan Rains Luke , Echave Athena , Rees Jessica , Scott Hannah Rachel , Lever Taylor Billie , Broeckelmann Eva , Steare Thomas , Barnett Phoebe , Cooper Chris , Jeynes Tamar , Russell Jessica , Oram Sian , Rowe Sarah , Johnson Sonia 
Published: April 2021

Background
There is a recognised need to develop clear service models and pathways to provide high quality care in the community for people with complex emotional needs, who may have been given a “personality disorder” diagnosis. Services should be informed by the views of people with these experiences.

Aims
To identify and synthesise qualitative studies on service user experiences of community mental health care for Complex Emotional Needs.

Methods
We searched six bibliographic databases for papers published since 2003. We included peer reviewed studies reporting data on service user experiences and views about good care from community-based mental health services for adults with CEN, including generic mental health services and specialist “personality disorder” services. Studies using any qualitative method were included and thematic synthesis used to identify over-arching themes.

Results
Forty-seven papers were included. Main themes were: 1) The need for a long-term perspective on treatment journeys; 2) The need for individualised and holistic care; 3) Large variations in accessibility and quality of mental health services; 4) The centrality of therapeutic relationships; 5) Impacts of ‘personality disorder’ diagnosis. Themes tended to recur across studies from different countries and years.

Discussion
Recurrent major themes included wanting support that is individualised and holistic, provides continuity over long journeys towards recovery, and that is delivered by empathetic and well-informed clinicians who are hopeful but realistic about the prospects of treatment. Care that met these simple and clearly stated priorities tended to be restricted to often limited periods of treatment by specialist “personality disorder” services: generic and primary care services were often reported as far from adequate. There is an urgent need to co-design and test strategies for improving long-term support and treatment care for people with “personality disorders” throughout the mental health care system.
Transition to adult care: Exploring factors associated with transition readiness among adolescents and young people in adolescent ART clinics in Uganda
Authors: Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Lusota Derrick Amooti , Musoke Philippa , Nyashanu Mathew , Kaye Dan Kabonge 
Published: April 2021

Background
Transition readiness refers to a client who knows about his/her illness and oriented towards future goals and hopes, shows skills needed to negotiate healthcare, and can assume responsibility for his/ her treatment, and participate in decision-making that ensures uninterrupted care during and after the care transition to adult HIV care. There is a paucity of research on effective transition strategies. This study explored factors associated with adolescent readiness for the transition into adult care in Uganda.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 786 adolescents, and young people living with HIV randomly selected from 9 antiretroviral therapy clinics, utilizing a structured questionnaire. The readiness level was determined using a pre-existing scale from the Ministry of Health, and adolescents were categorized as ready or not ready for the transition. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results
A total of 786 adolescents were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 17.48 years (SD = 4). The majority of the participants, 484 (61.6%), were females. Most of the participants, 363 (46.2%), had no education. The majority of the participants, 549 (69.8%), were on first-line treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that readiness to transition into adult care remained significantly associated with having acquired a tertiary education (AOR 4.535, 95% CI 1.243–16.546, P = 0.022), trusting peer educators for HIV treatment (AOR 16.222, 95% CI 1.835–143.412, P = 0.012), having received counselling on transition to adult services (AOR 2.349, 95% CI 1.004–5.495, P = 0.049), having visited an adult clinic to prepare for transition (AOR 6.616, 95% CI 2.435–17.987, P = < 0.001) and being satisfied with the transition process in general (AOR 0.213, 95% CI 0.069–0.658, P = 0.007).

Conclusion
The perceived readiness to transition care among young adults was low. A series of individual, social and health system and services factors may determine successful transition readiness among adolescents in Uganda. Transition readiness may be enhanced by strengthening the implementation of age-appropriate and individualized case management transition at all sites while creating supportive family, peer, and healthcare environments.