bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gram‐negative microbiota is related to acute exacerbation in children with asthma
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Jang Haerin , Kim Soo Yeon , Jung Jae Hwa , Kim Ga Eun , Park Mi Reu , Hong Jung Yeon , Kim Mi Na , Kim Eun Gyul , Kim Min Jung , Kim Kyung Won , Sohn Myung Hyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe upper‐airway microbiota may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma and useful for predicting acute exacerbation. However, the relationship between the lower‐airway microbiota and acute exacerbation in children with asthma is not well understood. We evaluated the characteristics of the airway microbiome using induced sputum from children with asthma exacerbation and compared the microbiota‐related differences of inflammatory cytokines with those in children with asthma.MethodsWe analysed the microbiome using induced sputum during acute exacerbation of asthma in children. We identified microbial candidates that were prominent in children with asthma exacerbation and compared them with those in children with stable asthma using various analytical methods. The microbial candidates were analysed to determine their association with inflammatory cytokines. We also developed a predictive functional profile using PICRUSt.ResultsA total of 95 children with allergic sensitisation including 22 with asthma exacerbation, 67 with stable asthma, and 6 controls were evaluated. We selected 26 microbial candidates whose abundances were significantly increased, decreased, or correlated during acute exacerbation in children with asthma. Among the microbial candidates, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus, and Porphyromonas were associated with inflammatory cytokines including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1β, programmed death‐ligand 1, and granzyme B. Both Campylobacter and MIP‐1β levels were correlated with sputum eosinophils. Increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and decreased glycan degradation were observed in children with asthma exacerbation.ConclusionGram‐negative microbes in the lower airway were related to acute exacerbation in children with asthma. These microbes and associated cytokines may play a role in exacerbating asthma in children.
Magnetically Manipulable Ionic Liquid Crystals Incorporating Neutral Radical Moiety
Authors: Uchida Yoshiaki , Sakaguchi Tatsunori , Oki Shigeaki , Shimono Satoshi , Park Jayeong , Sugiyama Masahito , Sato Shuichi , Zaytseva Elena , Mazhukin Dmitrii G. , Tamura Rui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith a view to fabricating a new remote input‐output system by applying functional ionic liquid crystalline (ILC) materials, we have developed novel ILC compounds containing a nitroxide radical unit in the organic cations, which show an enantiotropic smectic A (SmA) phase. We have implemented the magnetic manipulation of a droplet of one of the ILC compounds on the basis of the intermolecular magnetic interactions between radical moieties. This ILC monoradical compound shows a 55 % larger increase in paramagnetic susceptibility at the solid‐to‐LC melting point in the first heating process than the non‐ionic LC monoradical compounds. It is most likely owing to the nanosegregation of strongly bonded ionic and non‐ionic moieties. The increased molar magnetic susceptibility is preserved not only in the SmA phase but also in the isotropic liquid and solid phases during the first cooling process.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts
Authors: Ma Jiliang , Liu Kangning , Yang Xiaopan , Jin Dongnv , Li Yancong , Jiao Gaojie , Zhou Jinghui , Sun Runcang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotoreforming of biomass into hydrogen, biofuels, and chemicals is highly desired, yet this field of research is still in its infancy. Developing an efficient, novel, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst is key to achieving these goals. To date, the nonmetallic and eco‐friendly material carbon nitride has found many uses in reactions such as water splitting, CO2reduction, N2fixation, and biorefinery, owing to its outstanding photocatalytic activity. However, a narrow light absorption range and fast charge recombination are often encountered in the pristine carbon nitride photocatalytic system, which resulted in unsatisfying photocatalytic activity. To improve the photocatalytic performance of pure carbon nitride in biomass reforming, modification is needed. In this Review, the design and preparation of functional carbon nitride, as well as its photocatalytic properties for the synthesis of hydrogen, biofuels, and chemicals through biomass reforming, are discussed alongside potential avenues for its future development.
Nickel Boride/Boron Carbide Particles Embedded in Boron‐Doped Phenolic Resin‐Derived Carbon Coating on Nickel Foam for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis in Water and Seawater Splitting
Authors: Li Jilong , Wang Yanhui , Gao Hongwei , Song Shiwei , Lu Bowen , Tian Xueqing , Zhou Shuyu , Yuan Yungang , Zang Jianbing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrolysis of seawater can be a promising technology, but chloride ions in seawater can lead to adverse side reactions and the corrosion of electrodes. A new transition metal boride‐based self‐supported electrocatalyst was prepared for efficient seawater electrolysis by directly soaking nickel foam (NF) in a mixture of phenolic resin (PR) and boron carbide (B4C), followed by an 800 °C annealing. During PR carbonization process, the reaction of B4C and NF generated nickel boride (NixB) with high catalytic activity, while PR‐derived carbon coating was doped with boron atoms from B4C (B−CPR). The B−CPR coating fixed NixB/B4C particles in the frames and holes to improve the space utilization of NF. Meanwhile, the B−CPR coating effectively protected the catalyst from the corrosion by seawater and facilitates the transport of electrons. The optimal NixB/B4C/B−CPR/NF required 1.50 and 1.58 V to deliver 100 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively, in alkaline natural seawater for the oxygen evolution reaction.
RETRACTED; Combined rs‐fMRI study on brain functional imaging and mechanism of RAGE‐DAMPs of depression: Evidence from MDD patients to chronic stress‐induced depression models in cynomolgus monkeys and mice
Authors: Yan Weixin , Xie Lingpeng , Bi Yanmeng , Zeng Ting , Zhao Di , Lai Yuqi , Gao Tingting , Sun Xuegang , Shi Yafei , Dong Zhaoyang , Wen Ge , Gao Lei , Lv Zhiping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMore and more evidence show that major depressive disorder (MDD) is closely related to inflammation caused by chronic stress, which seriously affects human physical and mental health. However, the inflammatory mechanism of depression and its effect on brain function have not been clarified. Based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI), we investigated change of brain functional imaging and the inflammatory mechanism of damage‐related molecular patterns (DAMPs)—receptor of advanced glycation protein end product (RAGE) in MDD patients and depressive‐like cynomolgus monkeys and mice models induced by chronic stress. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed using MATLAB and SPM12 software. We detected the expression of DAMPs‐RAGE pathway‐related proteins and mRNA in MDD peripheral blood and in serum and brain tissue of cynomolgus monkeys and mice. Meanwhile, RAGE gene knockout mice, RAGE inhibitor, and overexpression of AVV9RAGE adeno‐associated virus were used to verify that RAGE is a reliable potential biomarker of depression. The results showed that the ReHo value of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in MDD patients and depressive‐like cynomolgus monkeys was decreased. Then, the PFC was used as a seed point, the FC of ipsilateral and contralateral PFC were weakened in depressive‐like mice. At the same time, qPCR showed that RAGE and HMGB1 mRNA were upregulated and S100β mRNA was downregulated. The expression of RAGE‐related inflammatory protein in PFC of depressive‐like monkeys and mice were consistent with that in peripheral blood of MDD patients. Moreover, the results were confirmed in RAGE–/– mice, injection of FPS‐ZM1, and overexpression of AAV9RAGE in mice. To sum up, our findings enhance the evidence that chronic stress‐PFC‐RAGE are associated with depression. These results attempt to establish the links between brain functional imaging, and molecular targets among different species will help to reveal the pathophysiological mechanism of depression from multiple perspectives.
Assessment of the immune landscapes of advanced ovarian cancer in an optimized in vivo model
Authors: Pisano Simone , Lenna Stefania , Healey Gareth D. , Izardi Fereshteh , Meeks Lucille , Jimenez Yajaira S. , Velazquez Oscar S , Gonzalez Deyarina , Conlan Robert Steven , Corradetti Bruna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is typically diagnosed late, associated with high rates of metastasis and the onset of ascites during late stage disease. Understanding the tumor microenvironment and how it impacts the efficacy of current treatments, including immunotherapies, needs effective in vivo models that are fully characterized. In particular, understanding the role of immune cells within the tumor and ascitic fluid could provide important insights into why OC fails to respond to immunotherapies. In this work, we comprehensively described the immune cell infiltrates in tumor nodules and the ascitic fluid within an optimized preclinical model of advanced ovarian cancer.MethodsGreen Fluorescent Protein (GFP)‐ID8 OC cells were injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice and the development of advanced stage OC monitored. Nine weeks after tumor injection, mice were sacrificed and tumor nodules analyzed to identify specific immune infiltrates by immunohistochemistry. Ascites, developed in tumor bearing mice over a 10‐week period, was characterized by mass cytometry (CyTOF) to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the distribution of the immune cell subsets, and their relationship to ascites from ovarian cancer patients.ResultsTumor nodules in the peritoneal cavity proved to be enriched in T cells, antigen presenting cells and macrophages, demonstrating an active immune environment and cell‐mediated immunity. Assessment of the immune landscape in the ascites showed the predominance of CD8+, CD4+, B–, and memory T cells, among others, and the coexistance of different immune cell types within the same tumor microenvironment.ConclusionsWe performed, for the first time, a multiparametric analysis of the ascitic fluid and specifically identify immune cell populations in the peritoneal cavity of mice with advanced OC. Data obtained highlights the impact of CytOF as a diagnostic tool for this malignancy, with the opportunity to concomitantly identify novel targets, and define personalized therapeutic options.
Machine learning of brain structural biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, prediction of disease progression, and amyloid beta deposition in the Japanese population
Authors: Shiino Akihiko , Shirakashi Yoshitomo , Ishida Manabu , Tanigaki Kenji ,   Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe developed machine learning (ML) designed to analyze structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and trained it on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. In this study, we verified its utility in the Japanese population.MethodsA total of 535 participants were enrolled from the Japanese ADNI database, including 148 AD, 152 normal, and 235 mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Probability of AD was expressed as AD likelihood scores (ADLS).ResultsThe accuracy of AD diagnosis was 88.0% to 91.2%. The accuracy of predicting the disease progression in non‐dementia participants over a 3‐year observation was 76.0% to 79.3%. More than 90% of the participants with low ADLS did not progress to AD within 3 years. In the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET)–positive MCI, the hazard ratio of progression was 2.39 with low ADLS, and 5.77 with high ADLS. When high ADLS was defined as N+ and Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET positivity was defined as A+, the time to disease progression for 50% of MCI participants was 23.7 months in A+N+, whereas it was 52.3 months in A+N‐.ConclusionThese results support the feasibility of our ML for the diagnosis of AD and prediction of the disease progression.
Habitat heterogeneity affects the thermal ecology of an endangered lizard
Authors: Gaudenti Nicole , Nix Emmeleia , Maier Paul , Westphal Michael F. , Taylor Emily N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change is already contributing to the extirpation of numerous species worldwide, and sensitive species will continue to face challenges associated with rising temperatures throughout this century and beyond. It is especially important to evaluate the thermal ecology of endangered ectotherm species now so that mitigation measures can be taken as early as possible. A recent study of the thermal ecology of the federally endangered Blunt‐nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila) suggested that they face major activity restrictions due to thermal constraints in their desert habitat, but that large shade‐providing shrubs act as thermal buffers to allow them to maintain surface activity without overheating. We replicated this study and also included a population of G. sila with no access to large shrubs to facilitate comparison of the thermal ecology of G. sila populations in shrubless and shrubbed sites. We found that G. sila without access to shrubs spent more time sheltering inside rodent burrows than lizards with access to shrubs, especially during the hot summer months. Lizards from a shrubbed site had higher midday body temperatures and therefore poorer thermoregulatory accuracy than G. sila from a shrubless site, suggesting that greater surface activity may represent a thermoregulatory trade‐off for G. sila. Lizards at both sites are currently constrained from using open, sunny microhabitats for much of the day during their short active seasons, and our projections suggest that climate change will exacerbate these restrictions and force G. sila to use rodent burrows for shelter even more than they do now, especially at sites without access to shrubs. The continued management of shrubs and of burrowing rodents at G. sila sites is therefore essential to the survival of this endangered species.
Warming effects on arctic tundra biogeochemistry are limited but habitat‐dependent: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pold Grace , Baillargeon Natalie , Lepe Adan , Rastetter Edward B. , Sistla Seeta A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArctic tundra consists of diverse habitats that differ in dominant vegetation, soil moisture regimes, and relative importance of organic vs. inorganic nutrient cycling. The Arctic is also the most rapidly warming global area, with winter warming dominating. This warming is expected to have dramatic effects on tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics. We completed a meta‐analysis of 166 experimental warming study papers to evaluate the hypotheses that warming changes tundra biogeochemical cycles in a habitat‐ and seasonally specific manner and that the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles will be differentially accelerated, leading to decoupling of elemental cycles. We found that nutrient availability and plant leaf stoichiometry responses to experimental warming were variable and overall weak, but that both gross primary productivity and the plant C pool tended to increase with growing season warming. The effects of winter warming on C fluxes did not extend into the growing season. Overall, although warming led to more consistent increases in C fluxes compared to N or P fluxes, evidence for decoupling of biogeochemical cycles is weak and any effect appears limited to heath habitats. However, data on many habitats are too sparse to be able to generalize how warming might decouple biogeochemical cycles, and too few year‐round warming studies exist to ascertain whether the season under which warming occurs alters how ecosystems respond to warming. Coordinated field campaigns are necessary to more robustly document tundra habitat‐specific responses to realistic climate warming scenarios in order to better understand the mechanisms driving this heterogeneity and identify the tundra habitats, communities, and soil pools most susceptible to warming.
Personal intergroup contact between different groups of ex‐combatants and civilians: Evidence from a behavioural experiment in Rwanda
Authors: Onuki Mayuko , Aoyagi Keitaro , Takasaki Yoshito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough personal intergroup contact is known to predict positive intergroup outcomes, little is known about the kind of positive personal contact that reduces prejudice in real‐world post‐conflict societies. Using a behavioural experiment, the present study examined the effect of face‐to‐face personal contact between three groups of ex‐combatants (national army, former national army and armed group) and civilians with disabilities in Rwanda. A total of 444 participants were randomly assigned to intergroup or intragroup pairs under high and low personalisation conditions, and their person preference, evaluative bias and impressions of contact partners were compared to those who had contact without personalisation. Between ex‐combatants of the national army and civilians, low personalisation generally resulted in better intergroup outcomes than high personalisation or no personalisation. The trend is reversed for personalisation between the three groups of ex‐combatants, who are former adversaries. Implications for personal contact in real‐world post‐conflict societies are discussed.
Critical role of the high mobility group A proteins in hematological malignancies
Authors: De Martino Marco , Esposito Francesco , Fusco Alfredo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe high mobility group A (HMGA) protein family is composed of three non‐histone chromatin remodeling proteins that act as architectural transcriptional factors. Indeed, although HMGA proteins lack transcriptional activity per se, they bind the minor groove of DNA at AT‐rich sequences, and, interacting with the transcription machinery, are able to modify chromatin modeling, thus regulating the expression of several genes. HMGA proteins have been deeply involved in embryogenesis process, and a large volume of studies has pointed out their key role in human cancer. Here, we review the studies on the role of the HMGA proteins in human hematological malignancies: they are overexpressed in most of the cases and their expression correlates with a reduced survival. In some cases, such as in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia, HMGA2 gene rearrangements have been also described. Finally, recent studies evidence a synergism between HMGA and EZH2 in diffuse B‐cell lymphomas, suggesting an innovative therapy for this disease based on the inhibition of the function of both these proteins.
A retrospective study of maternal near miss in the Critical Maternal Care Center in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China: A single‐center study
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Qi Yalan , Xue Xiumei , Zhang Xiaojing , Cao Qingling , Fang Yuelan , Ge Mingming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsThrough a retrospective study of maternal near miss (MNM) cases treated by the Suqian Critical Maternal Care Center in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, we summarized the most common diseases that caused MNM, treatment measures, and short‐term prognosis in this region. The purpose of the research is to improve the clinical evidence of maternal health care in the region.MethodsThe study is a retrospective descriptive study. Among the pregnant women admitted to the Critical Maternal Care Center from 1 January 2015, to 31 December 2019, the pregnant women with severe pregnancy complications or comorbidities were identified as the research subjects. The study subjects were divided into an MNM group and a control group according to the MNM criteria recommended by the WHO.A retrospective analysis of the study subject data, including causes and clinical manifestations of MNM, treatment measures, and short‐term prognosis, was conducted.ResultsThe total number of deliveries was 27 619. There were 145 women in the control group and 65 women in the MNM group. The number of MNM cases accounted for 2.4% (65/27619) of the total number of deliveries. Placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, and hypertension accounted for 72.3% (47/65) of the causes of MNM cases observed. In the MNM group, the most common clinical manifestation was bleeding (80.0%, 52/65). Sixty‐three patients underwent massive blood transfusion (96.9%, 63/65), and 36 underwent hysterectomy (55.4%,36/65). The prevalence of interventional procedures and unplanned secondary operations in the MNM group was higher than that in the control group.ConclusionsThe top three causes of MNM were placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, and hypertension in pregnancy in Suqian area. Sufficient blood sources, convenient and fast blood transfusion procedures, and the use of large amounts of blood transfusion technology have an important impact on the success of treatment. Hysterectomy is still the main method of MNM treatment.
Heterogeneous timing of freshwater input into Kobbefjord, a low‐arctic fjord in Greenland
Authors: Abermann Jakob , Langley Kirsty , Myreng Sille M. , Rasmussen Kerstin , Petersen Dorthe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe majority of freshwater input from Greenland to the global ocean stems from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Currently, almost a quarter of the freshwater flowing from Greenland is derived from catchments that are disconnected from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Despite their importance to the total freshwater flux and influence on fjord geochemistry, there is relatively little monitoring data available for those catchments and therefore the drivers of regional differences in export are largely unknown. We present a dataset of 12 years of discharge of four catchments less than 15 km apart, that are different in size (between 7 and 32 km2), local glacier coverage (4%–11%) and lake cover (0%–5%). They all drain into Kobbefjord, a well‐studied fjord in West Greenland, near Greenland's capital Nuuk. Between catchments, the magnitude of discharge varies at annual, seasonal and sub‐daily timescales, due to differences in physical catchment properties as well as local climate variability. We find that annual specific discharges vary greatly (between 1.2 and 1.9 m/year on a 12‐year average) due to a longitudinal precipitation gradient from West to East caused by different amount of orographic precipitation shading. The seasonal cycle of discharge (amplitude, timing and minimum flow) differs among the sites mainly due to different exposure to solar radiation as a driver for major snowmelt; the small ice coverage in the catchments plays only a minor role in discharge variability. Dry years generally increase the relative differences in annual specific discharge and no significant temporal trends have been found in the studied catchments. On a sub‐daily timescale, the difference in timing of maximum discharge during fair‐weather days (>80% maximum solar radiation and no precipitation) ranged between 7 and 12 h, which is attributed to differences between the presence and elevation of lakes among the catchments. The response of discharge to major precipitation events is discussed, where a delay of between 5 and 7 h is found for the catchments that do not contain lakes near the gauge.