bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid components of 10 different nut types
Authors: Kornsteiner‐Krenn Margit , Elmadfa Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine beneficial constituents, which are responsible for the lipid‐lowering effects of nuts.Almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia, peanuts, pecans, pines, pistachios and walnuts were investigated in terms of total oil content, fatty acid pattern, and phytosterol content. Total lipid content and fatty acid pattern were analysed with Soxhlet extraction and GC. The phytosterol content was determined with RP‐HPLC.The fat content varies between 45% (cashews) and 75% (macadamias). Almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias and pistachios are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids (> 55%). Peanuts and pecans are rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (both > 40%), whereas Brazil nuts, pines and walnuts have the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content (> 50 %). The mean total sterol composition (including campesterol, ergosterol, stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol) oscillated from 48 mg (Brazil nuts) to 139 mg (Pistachios) per 100 g nuts. Campesterol, ergosterol and stigmasterol were minor phytosterol components (< 10 mg).The results demonstrated that nuts are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols, which are recognized for lipid‐lowering effects.
Effect of Sasa borealis bamboo Diet on Lipid Levels, Platelet Aggregation and Erythrocyte Na+ Efflux in OLETF Rats
Authors: Kang Ja Young , Lee Dae‐Ho , Kang Young‐Hee , Kang Jung Sook 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Sasa borealis bamboo leaves on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation and erythrocyte Na efflux using OLETF rats. OLETF and the normal counterpart LETO rats were divided two groups each and fed either control diet or diet with 10% Sasa borealis bamboo leaves for four weeks.The final weight with high FER were significantly increased in OLETF rats (p<0.05). Plasma and liver total cholesterol and TG were significantly increased in OLETF rats compared with LETO rats (all, p<0.05). Plasma total cholesterol and TG in OLETF‐bamboo was significantly decreased compared with OLETF‐control (p<0.05, p<0.01). HDL‐cholesterol was significantly lower and blood glucose was significantly higher in OLETF than LETO rats (p<0.05, respectively). Platelet aggregation in initial slope was significantly decreased in OLETF rat (p<0.05), and bamboo reversed it. Intracellular Na was significantly increased in OLETF rats and bamboo diet significantly decreased (p<0.05). Na‐K ATPase and Na‐K cotransport tended to be lower and Na passive transport be higher in OLETF than LETO rats, and bamboo diet significantly decreased Na‐K cotransport in LETO and OLETF rats (p<0.05). Liver TBARS production decreased significantly in OLETF fed bamboo compared with OLETF‐control (p<0.05).In present study, OLETF rats, type II DM model showed unfavorable parameters in terms of weight gain and blood and liver lipids, and hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Sasa borealis bamboo were more evident in OLETF rats.
SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN HOMOCYSTEINE AND ox‐LDL IN HEALTHY HEAVY SMOKERS AFTER NUTRACEUTICAL SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Bamonti Fabrizia , Novembrino Cristina , Vigna Luisella , De Giuseppe Rachele , de Liso Federica , Pellegatta Marco , Gregori Dario , Della Noce Cinzia , Accinni Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Nutraceuticals may attenuate some negative effects of cigarette smoking. We evaluated effects of two different encapsulated formulas, consisting primarily of mixed juice powder concentrate (Juice Plus+®), in a randomized placebo controlled, double‐blind study on 101 heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/d, duration ≥10y, median age 47; 41–57 y, 63 M, mean capsule compliance 85.2%). Smokers were divided into 3 groups: A‐placebo, B‐fruit/vegetable, C‐fruit/vegetable/berry. Serum and erythrocyte folate (s‐fol and ery‐fol, respectively) and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were measured before and after 3‐m supplementation. In 75 (46 M) compliant (>95%) subjects, lipid panel parameters (total Cholesterol, tChol; LDL‐c; oxidized‐LDL, ox‐LDL) were evaluated. Median values were compared (t‐test for paired data); data are reported as mean delta values (± standard deviation). Intervention with both nutraceutical formulations resulted in reduction in ox‐LDL and tHcy compared to placebo.Support: NSA, Collierville, TN

A (placebo)
B (fruit/veg)
C (fruit/veg/berry)

tChol (mg/dL)
9.3 (±18.4)
−11.6 (±22.9)*
−6.3 (±25.5)*

LDL‐c (mg/dL)
16.8 (±17.6)
−8.1 (±17.9)*
−0.8 (±20.5)*

ox‐LDL (U/L)
−2.3 (±11.3)
−13.8 (±12.5)*
−11.2 (±12.2)*

tHcy (μM)
−0.14 (±1.4)
−2.38 (±2.3)#
−3.20 (±5.2)#

s‐fol (nM)
2.8 (±5.5)
13.7 (±9.9)#
16.6 (±9)#

ery‐fol (nM)
194 (±178.3)
488.2 (±349)#
646.3 (±362.1)#
EFFECTS OF NUTRACEUTICAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN HEALTHY HEAVY SMOKERS
Authors: Bamonti Fabrizia , Pellegatta Marco , Novembrino Cristina , De Giuseppe Rachele , de Liso Federica , Gregori Dario , Vigna Luisella 
Published: June 2021

It's well established that cigarette smoking is associated with reduced pulmonary function. The effects of two different encapsulated formulas, consisting primarily of mixed juice powder concentrate (Juice Plus+®) were evaluated in a randomized, placebo controlled, double‐blind study; spirometry indexes (in particular, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s, FEV1; Forced Expiratory Flow at 25% of forced vital capacity, FEF 25; CO Diffusion Lung per unit Alveolar Volume, DLCO/VA) were measured, at baseline and after 3 months’ supplementation, in 101 healthy heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/d, duration ≥10y, median age 47; 41–57 y, 63 M, mean capsule compliance 85.2%) randomized into three groups: A‐placebo; B‐fruit/vegetable; and, C‐fruit/vegetable/berry.Statistical analysis was performed by t‐test for paired data.Our results showed a significant improvement in FEF 25 (p<0.05, adjusted by smoking duration) in group C compared to group A. Group A showed a worsening respiratory function, probably due to seasonal factors (bronchitis, allergies); however, selecting subjects on the basis of compliance >95% and 79%<FEV1<105% (range of normal value), our study highlighted a slight improvement in DLCO/VA in group C (mean delta values ± standard deviation=5.1±4.96) and in FEV1 in group B (0.41±4.66). These data show improvements with both experimental formulas compared to placebo.Support: NSA, Collierville, TN
Leptin treatment alters the response of respiratory epithelial cells to influenza infection
Authors: Milner J Justin , Karlsson Erik A , Beck Melinda 
Published: June 2021

Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that diet‐induced obese mice have greater mortality and morbidity when infected with influenza virus. Respiratory epithelial cells are the primary target of influenza virus, and these cells act as the first line of defense. Infection of the respiratory epithelium leads to activation of an intracellular signaling cascade resulting in expression of antiviral cytokines. Regulation of this cascade is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism initiated by proteins from the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. Interestingly, leptin signaling also upregulates SOCS protein expression, and overproduction of leptin is a hallmark of obesity. To determine if leptin exposure affects the response to infection of respiratory cells, A549 human alveolar epithelial cells were treated with 0, 10 and 100 ng/mL of recombinant human leptin in culture for 24 hours. Cells were then inoculated with influenza, and samples were collected at various times post infection. Exposure to increased levels of leptin led to an increase in viral titers. In addition, increased leptin levels also resulted in increased IL‐6 and SOCS‐3 expression. Given the public health significance of both influenza infection and obesity, the results of this study suggest that elevated leptin levels found in the obese state may contribute to increased influenza susceptibility.Grant Funding Source: NIH DK56350
Quercetin supplementation does not enhance antibody responses to influenza vaccination
Authors: Henson Dru A , Kohut Marian L , Nieman David C , Heinz Serena A , Yin Fuxia 
Published: June 2021

Although vaccination is an effective strategy for prevention of influenza, its efficacy is limited, especially in older adults. A search for novel adjuvant strategies to increase vaccine efficacy is ongoing. Quercetin (Q), a plant flavonoid is attributed with numerous health benefits due to its anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. The effects of 8‐wks Q supplementation on the antibody (AB) response to influenza immunization was studied in 82 subjects (ages 41–83 y) randomized to Q‐500 (500 mg/d Q, N=32), Q‐1000 (1000 mg/d Q, N=25) or placebo (N=25) groups. Subjects ingested supplements for 4‐wks, provided blood samples, were vaccinated with the 2008–09 trivalent influenza Afluria® vaccine containing A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1), A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2) and B/Florida/4/2006, and provided blood samples after 4 additional wks of supplementation. Q supplementation at two doses compared to placebo increased plasma Q (P<0.001), however no group differences were found for hemagglutination inhibition AB titers or seroconversion rates for any viral strain. Compared to placebo, Q‐1000 attenuated post‐vaccination increases in IgG for H1N1 and B (but not H3N2) and significantly reduced post‐vaccination IgG to all viruses combined by 83% (P=0.025). In conclusion, Q supplementation does not improve the AB response to influenza vaccination.Supported by grants from Coca‐Cola and Quercegen Pharma.
Effect of trans fatty acids from ruminants and industrial sources on plasma adhesion molecule concentrations in healthy men
Authors: Lacroix Emilie , Couillard Charles , Paquin Paul , Chouinard Yvan , Lemieux Simone , Couture Patrick , Lamarche Benoît 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) and industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) on plasma adhesion molecule concentrations (VCAM, ICAM and E‐selectin) in healthy male subjects.DesignIn a double‐blind, randomized crossover controlled study, 38 healthy men were each fed 4 experimental isoenergetic diets lasting 4 weeks each. The 4 diets were : 1‐ iTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), 2‐ high rTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), 3‐ moderate rTFA (4.2 g/2500 kcal), and 4‐ control diet low in TFA from any source (2.2 g/2500 kcal).ResultsPlasma ICAM concentrations were reduced significantly after the moderate rTFA diet (3.9% reduction, p=0.042) and the iTFA diet (4% reduction, p=0.036) when compared to the control diet. No significant change in plasma concentrations of VCAM and E‐selectin were observed after any of the TFA diets compared to the control diet.ConclusionsData from this controlled feeding study suggest that 1) consumption of TFA from any source appear to have minimal impact on markers of endothelial dysfunction such as VCAM and E‐selectin, and 2‐ that high dietary intakes of TFA from industrial and ruminant sources may have different effects on plasma ICAM concentrations. The clinical implications of these findings have yet to be established. Funding: Dairy Farmers of Canada, Novalait Inc, NSERC.
Dirlotapide improves body condition and insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant dogs
Authors: Leray Veronique , Serisier Samuel , Freuchet Benjamin , Le Bloc'h Jerome , Nguyen Patrick 
Published: June 2021

The aim of our study was to assess the effects of dirlotapide on metabolic disorders in obese insulin resistant dogs. Dirlotapide is a MTP inhibitor that should promote weight loss by lowering fat absorption.Obese dogs were treated with placebo or dirlotapide for 21 wk. Food intake and body weight (BW) were recorded. Prior to and at the end of the treatment period, body condition score (BCS), insulin sensitivity (IS), plasma leptin and ghréline, and adiponectin mRNA expression were measured.BW and BCS did not change in placebo‐treated dogs, whereas they were lower in dirlotapide‐treated dogs. During the treatment period, food intake was higher (+4 %) than previously in placebo‐treated dogs, whereas it was lower in dirlotapide‐treated dogs. Basal insulinemia did not change in either group. Basal glycemia increased in placebo‐treated dogs, while it was not affected by the dirlotapide treatment. IS did not change in placebo‐treated dogs, whereas it increased in dirlotapide‐treated animals. Plasma leptin and ghrelin levels were lower at the end of the dirlotapide treatment period. Adiponectin mRNA levels were higher at the end of the dirlotapide treatment.The lower BW and BCS at the end of the dirlotapide treatment period are consistent with lower leptin level, and higher adiponectin expression. That could have resulted from the lower food intake, and could account for the improvement in insulin sensitivity.
Soy Isoflavone Genistein Attenuates WNT Signaling By Up‐regulating WNT Antagonist sFRP2 In Human Colon Cell Line DLD‐1
Authors: Zhang Yukun , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2021

Aberrant WNT signaling has been observed in colon cancer, with nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin, and activation of target gene expression. Secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) inhibit WNT signaling through competing with frizzled receptors. Decreased sFRP2 is associated with dysregulated WNT. According to our previous observation, genistein inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we hypothesized that intake of genistein contributes to up‐regulation of sFRP2, which results in decreased nuclear β‐catenin and attenuation of WNT signaling. Human cancer cell line DLD‐1 cells were harvested after being treated with 75μM genistein for four days. Western blot showed decreased β‐catenin accumulation in nuclear extract, along with increased phospho‐ β‐catenin, indicated that moderated the WNT signaling has been modulated. Increased sFRP2 mRNA level was detected by real time RT‐PCR. Methylation‐sensitive restriction enzyme PCR and methylation selective PCR showed decreased DNA methylation at the CpG islands in sFRP2's promoter. Furthermore, we tested out that genistein inhibited the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 but had no effect on DNMT3a. In conclusion, genistein treatment inhibits WNT pathway by increasing sFRP2 expression through DNA demethylation at the promoter of sFRP2.Grant Funding Source: NIH
A school wellness program combined with repeated taste exposures increased preferences for fruits and vegetables in fourth and fifth grade children
Authors: Lakkakula Anantha , Zanovec Michael , Pierce Sarah , Murphy Ellen , Tuuri Georgianna 
Published: June 2021

Children's food preferences are major determinants of their consumption. The present study aimed to increase children's preferences for fruits and vegetables (FV) through a school wellness program combined with cafeteria vegetable tasting. A total of 250 fourth and fifth grade students (41% boys; 63% fourth graders) attending low‐income, public elementary schools in southeastern Louisiana participated. The 15‐week intervention included a classroom curriculum that emphasized benefits and consumption of FV and a cafeteria‐based vegetable tasting program (four vegetables). After participating in the intervention, children's knowledge of the benefits of eating FV increased (p < .01). Nutrition knowledge was greater among fifth graders as compared to fourth graders (p < .01) and girls compared to boys (p < .01). Children's preferences for baked potatoes, greens, and green beans increased (p < .01) and fourth graders had higher preferences for apples, oranges, pineapple, strawberries, and tangerines than fifth graders (p = .02). For broccoli, carrots, celery, cabbage, corn, lettuce, and spinach fifth grader's preferences were increased while fourth grader's preferences dropped following the intervention (p = .03). This school wellness program increased children's nutrition knowledge and preferences for a variety of FV. Funding: Baton Rouge Area and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana FoundationsGrant Funding Source: Baton Rouge Area and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundations
Assessment of body composition in children by bioelectrical impedance and skinfold anthropometry
Authors: Vidueiros Silvina Mariela , Tarducci Gabriel , Morea Guillermo , Bardach Ariel , Paganini Amalia , Dimarco Gabriela , Aquino Bernando , Pallaro Anabel 
Published: June 2021

This study is part of an intervention program related to overweight and obesity in children. Skinfold anthropometry (SKF) and Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) were used to know the initial body fat mass (BF).Aimto determine the level of agreement for BF measurement by BIA and SKF, using Bland and Altman method.Subjects and methodsBF was calculated using Deurenberg for SKF and 7 different algorithms (Deurenberg A y B, Schaeffer, Rush y Schoeller A, B y C) for BIA in 145 children of both sex aged between 6–9 years.ResultsBF % (SKF): 23.3 ± 4.6 and average BF % (BIA): 21.89 ± 2.63. Concordance analysis revealed that the average difference between SKF‐BIA was variable (−5.5% to 0.2 %), and the standard deviation too wide (6.3 to 17.3). The algorithm Deurenberg A had the minor average difference of 0,21 % ± 7,88.ConclusionMeasurements of BF determined by these algorithms for BIA gave poor agreement with SKF, thus the results suggest the need to develop validated equations for BIA using reference methodology as deuterium dilution method. This study is going on at present.Supported by UBACyT B098 and ARCAL RLA/6/059
Knowledge and barriers related to whole grain pasta in schools
Authors: Rosen Renee A , Hauge Denise A , Arndt Elizabeth , Veal Mike , Marquart Len , McCurry Steve 
Published: June 2021

A recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) report entitled School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children reinforces that school menus should adopt standards for menu planning that increase the amounts of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. In addition the IOM recommends that the Food and Drug Administration should take action to require labeling for the whole grain content of food products. The primary objective was to elicit input from School Foodservice Directors (SFD) regarding their experiences in purchasing, preparing, and serving whole grain pasta in the school environment. Individual interviews (n = 8) with SFD, focus groups (n = 40) with managers from Minnesota; and focus groups (n = 32) with SFD at the School Nutrition Association's Annual Conference were conducted to assess knowledge and practices regarding whole grain pasta. Qualitative data analysis procedures were used to generate common themes. Results indicated that few schools use whole grain pasta due to availability, cost, taste, quality and relevant application to the school food service environment. Additionally, standardized alternative methods for identification need to be developed to recognize whole wheat and whole grain pasta. Collaborative efforts involving the various sectors and disciplines would allow for standard product development and identification to minimize barriers by SFDs to successfully purchase, prepare and serve whole grain pasta in a school environment.Support: ConAgra Foods, Inc. and Grains for Health
High dietary calcium does not mediate the effects of dairy to attenuate weight gain and improve glucose tolerance in mice with pre‐existing obesity
Authors: Dunn Tamara N. , Thomas Anthony P. , Drayton Josephine B. , Adams Sean H. 
Published: June 2021

Previous research in animal models suggests increased dietary Ca and dairy reduces weight gain and obesity‐associated inflammation. Effects of these dietary factors on obese phenotypes when introduced in the context of pre‐existing obesity are less clear. We investigated the effects of introducing high calcium (HC) and HC with non‐fat dry milk (NFDM) in adult male C57BL/6J mice pre‐fattened with an obesigenic, pro‐inflammatory high fat diet (45% kcal; HFD) for 12 wks. Mice were then assigned (n=30/group) to one of three macronutrient‐matched HF diets for an additional 8 wks: control (0.5%; CON), HC (1.5% Ca), or HC with NFDM. Surprisingly, HC mice gained more wt (10.1 + 0.5 g vs. 5.3 + 0.4 g; P<0.001) with a significantly higher feed efficiency (12.8 + 0.5 mg wt gain/kcal intake) and decreased glucose tolerance (GT) compared to CON. NFDM mice gained the least wt (2.2 + 0.6g; P<0.001) with a lower feed efficiency (3.0 + 0.6 vs. 7.8 + 0.4 mg wt gain/kcal intake) and improved GT vs. CON. Obesity‐related inflammatory markers are currently being analyzed. We conclude that effects of dairy to reduce weight gain and improve glucose tolerance in mice with pre‐existing obesity and fed a HFD is not mediated by dietary Ca, and likely results from other factors specific to the NFDM diet.Grant Funding Source: National Dairy Council and ARS Project 5306–51530–016–00D
Whey protein preserves lean tissue mass better than gelatin protein during weight loss in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Comerford Kevin , Karakas Sidika 
Published: June 2021

Research in humans has shown that whey protein (WP) helps preserve lean tissue mass (LTM) better than carbohydrates during weight loss, but it is not determined if other protein sources are as effective. WP is rich in essential amino acids, especially leucine, which has been shown to promote muscle protein synthesis via mTOR signaling. We compared the effects of WP and gelatin protein (GP), which is a poor source of essential amino acids, on weight loss in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Subjects consumed 20g daily of Prolibra™, a partially hydrolyzed WP rich in calcium and bioactive peptides, or a partially hydrolyzed GP during prescribed caloric restriction to induce weight loss. Both WP and GP groups lost a significant amount of weight over 3 months (18.8 + 6.7 lbs and 24.6 + 7.8 lbs, respectively). Although the GP group lost more weight, there was no significant difference in fat loss between WP and GP groups (14.8 + 6.6 lbs vs. 16 + 3.2 lbs). The GP group lost nearly twice as much LTM compared to the WP group (8.26 + 2.3 lbs vs. 4.4 + 1.6 lbs). Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, metabolic cart and blood marker data are currently being analyzed. We conclude that WP preserves LTM better than GP during weight loss. Preservation of LTM during weight loss may be important in maintaining weight loss and reducing risk of obesity related morbidities.Grant Funding Source: The California Dairy Research Foundation