bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supply chain analysis of silage in Chitwan district of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Sanjiv , Timsina Krishna Prasad , Sapkota Sudha , Chettry Jyoti 
Published: December 2024

Silage, anaerobically fermented green fodder, is valued worldwide as a source of animal feed during lean months. No studies have yet been documented exploring the supply chain map of silage and production economics of fodder used. Also, identification and prioritization of the major problems associated with fodder maize production, silage production and marketing is necessary. Chitwan district was purposively selected for this study as there are a greater number of commercial dairy cattle farms and silage-making agro-industries. A field survey and FGD was conducted among the fodder maize gowing farmers, Key Informant Interview was taken with the owner of six different silage producing farms during the time period between September, 2023 to February, 2024. A total of 90 sample farmers were selected for the study by applying the simple random sampling technique. The average productivity of the fodder maize was 539 qt/ha. The average land holding of the farmers growing fodder maize was found to be 0.38 ha. Moreover, the average price of the fodder maize was estimated NRs.345/qt. The positive gross margin and benefit cost ratio (BCR) greater than one showed both fooder maize production and silage production profitable and financially viable enterprises. Indexing identified the inadequate availability of fertilizers in time and the low price of fodder maize in the market as the first major problems associated with fodder maize production and marketing respectively. The role of cooperatives seemed to be important in the backward and forward linkages of silage as cooperatives were found to be closely associated with the marketing of fodder maize and silage as well. Assuring the timely availability of fertilizers, quality seed of suitable varieties and irrigation facilities must be the priority areras of government intervention to enahcne the production of fodder maize and silage. Moreover, price favour for the farmers, prioritizing the development of marketing channels, assuring the availability of market information, developing the transportation and storage facilities seemed to be primary areas of intervention to promote and strengthen the supply chain of silage. Assessing the demand for silage and exploring the more sustainable value chain could be an important area for further research.
Response of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen on tomato production in Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Jeet Narayan , Srivastava Arvind , Sharma Moha Dutta , Gautam Ishwori Prasad 
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the response of nitrogen (N) on tomato production using randomized completely block design (RCBD) design with two factorial arrangements of treatments in three replications at the research field of Directorate of Agricultural Research (DoAR), Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal in the winter seasons of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Factor A consisted of three genotypes (AVTO 1409, and AVTO 1306 and check Pusa Ruby). Factor B was comprised with five combinations of N application (i.e. 4 applications of N 100 and 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) through farm yard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) with one control only RDF (200:150:120 kg N:P2O5:K2O + 10 t ha-1 FYM). RDF of P2O5 and K2O were applied equally in all treatment combinations. The plot was maintained at 9 m2 (3 m x 3 m) and 28-day-old seedlings were transplanted at a 75 cm x 60 cm distance between rows and plants. The analysis of results observed highly significant variation for yield. However, their interaction effect was found non-significant. Whereas, Genotypes AVTO 1409 produced the highest plant height (71.20 cm,) and the earliest flowering (52 days). The earliest harvest (86 days) was found in AVTO 1306 along with the highest fruit weight. (47.9 g); fruit length (5.84 cm), fruit diameter (6.41 cm.), and the higher marketable yield (40.21 t/ha) followed by genotype AVTO 1409 (38.77 t/ha). The lowest yield (25.63 t ha-1) was found in Pusa Ruby over the years. Likewise, the combined application of 50 % N from PM and 50% from inorganic fertilizer produced the highest plant height (74.20 cm) which was statistically at par with the control, the earliest harvest (89 days), diameter (5.92 cm) and length (5.98 cm) and average weight (41.6 g) of fruits and marketable yield (39.36 t/ha) while the supply of 100 % N only from FYM produced the lowest yield (31.21 t/ha) in the mean over the combined years. Based on the results, genotype AVTO 1306 and the application of 50% N from PM and 50% from inorganic sources were found promising in the sustainable production of tomato.
Prevalence and Its Associated Factors of Maternal Stress among Mothers of Hospitalized Children Admitted to a Tertiary Health Care Center of Central Nepal
Authors: Dahal Nirmala , Dhimal Sita , Upadhyay Hari Prasad 
Published: December 2024

Background: Stress is a universal phenomenon and all person experiences it. Stress can result from both negative and positive experiences. Stress is a physical and emotional state always present in the person. Experience of having a child hospitalized can be profoundly stressful for mothers, impacting their mental and emotional well-being. The limited access to resources, cultural norms, and quality of healthcare services may further exacerbate maternal stress. This research aimed to find out factors associated with stress among mothers of hospitalized children at college of medical science, teaching hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan.
Method: The descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 131 mothers were obtained information through structured interview by face-to-face interview technique. Filled up questionnaires were checked for accuracy and completeness and coded, entered into computer system and analyzed using SPSS (version 18.0). Chi-square test was used to find out association between the variables.
Result: The study result indicated that majority of respondents were age of 21 to 30 years (56.5%), followed Hinduism (82.4%), residing in urban areas (65.6%), and predominantly housewives (67.2%). Regarding education, a significant portion attained secondary level education (40.5%). The proportion of mothers expressed stress, with 80.9% experiencing moderate stress. Association between stress levels and various factors were explored, revealing significant relationships with educational status (p < 0.001) and the number of children (p = 0.019), among socio-demographic variables. Child-related factors such as receiving help for treatment costs (p = 0.001) also showed significant associations with maternal stress.
Conclusion: The study result reveals that mothers of hospitalized children at college of medical science, Teaching Hospital, experienced significant stress, with socio-demographic factors, financial challenges and treatment costs.
Clinicopathological Profile of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Patients
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Bhusal Pramod , Maharjan Chunumila , Ghimire Madhav 
Published: December 2024

Background
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent glomerulonephritis (GN) in the world. It has variation in presentation among the patients. The aim of the research was to evaluate the clinical and histological characteristics of individuals identified by renal biopsy as having Immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN).
Methods
For this retrospective investigation, medical records of patients with biopsy-proven IgAN between January 2021 to July 2024 were evaluated.

Results
Fifty two patients with primary IgAN fulfilled our requirements for inclusion. The prevalence of affected males was higher (61.5%). The average age was 35.26 ± 10.39 years. Of the patients, 84.5% had hypertension. At presentation, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 15.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the median serum creatinine was 3.58 mg/dL. Mesangial hypercellularity (M1), endocapillary hypercellularity (E1), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S1), tubular atrophy/ interstitial fibrosis (T1/T2), and crescents (C1/C2) were present in 46.2%, 38.5%, 88.5%, 75% and 36.6% of patients respectively. 38.5% and 86.5% of patients, respectively, had hypertensive vasculopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Low eGFR at presentation was significantly correlated with tubular atrophy (T1/T2), hypertensive vasculopathy, and TMA on renal biopsy.
Conclusion:
Since hypertension was the most frequent clinical manifestation of IgAN, we recommend that patients with hypertension be checked for microscopic dysmorphic hematuria and, if found, have a renal biopsy to confirm an early diagnosis of the condition. The presence of TMA on the renal biopsy and hypertensive vasculopathy along with tubular atrophy (T1/T2) were linked to low eGFR at presentation.
Effect of NPK Levels on Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annum) under Different Growing Conditions in Arghakhanchi, Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Prem Bahadur , Khatri Sushil , Bhusal Tej Narayan 
Published: December 2024

Optimizing fertilization to boost sweet pepper yield is essential for meeting food demands and promoting agricultural sustainability. This field experiment was performed from March to July 2022 in Sandhikharka, Arghankhanchi, to evaluate the effect of NPK levels from inorganic sources on the growth and yield of sweet pepper under different growing conditions. The experiment followed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments: two growing conditions (open field vs. poly-tunnel) and four NPK levels (0 %, 50%, 100%, and 150 % of the recommended dose of NPK), replicated thrice. Results revealed that poly-tunnel had the highest plant height (44 cm), stem base diameter (1.63 cm), number of leaves (169), number of branches (12), number of buds (10), number of flowers (5), number of fruits (6), fruit length (7 cm), fruit diameter (8 cm), average fruit weight (122 g) and yield (8.90 t/ha) as compared to open field conditions. The 50 % more of the recommended NPK had the highest plant height (47 cm), stem diameter (1.67 cm), number of leaves (165), number of branches (12), number of buds (11), number of flowers (6), number of fruits (6), fruit length (7 cm), fruit diameter (8.26 cm), average fruit weight (125 g) and yield (9.68 t/ha). Significant interactions between growing conditions and NPK levels were observed for fruit diameter, average fruit weight, and yield. The study concluded that the recommended NPK dose is optimal for poly-tunnel cultivation, while 150% of the recommended dose is needed for open field conditions.
Educational Intervention on Self Care among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in a Tertiary Hospital Of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Sah Bimala Kumari , Pandey Apsara , Bhandari Nisha , Luitel Kopila , Dev Renu 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally, educational intervention to the CKD patients is crucial to self-manage the problems arising from disease and haemodialysis. The study aims to assess the effect of educational intervention on self-care among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Methods: The pre-experimental design was used for assessing the effect of educational intervention on self- care among CKD patients undergoing haemodialysis in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. A total of 43 patients were included using nonprobability purposive sampling technique. Face to face interview with structured interview schedule was conducted for data collection followed by educational intervention with educational package to each individual. After 6 weeks of intervention, post-test was carried out with the same interview schedule to the same participants who were participated in pre-test and intervention. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the interpretation of data. Inferential statistics- paired t- test was used to measure the significant difference on Knowledge score on Self-care before and after educational intervention.
Results: The findings of the study showed significantly increased knowledge score after the intervention in diet (p=0.001), exercise (p=0.001), infection prevention (p=0.001), stress management (p=0.001), complication prevention (p=0.001), laboratory test (p=0.001) and total knowledge score (p=0.001) with 95.0% confidence level (p-value <0.05). However, in fistula care the score increased insignificantly (p-value: 0.250).
Conclusions: Educational intervention increased the knowledge score, so it is obligatory to conduct the intervention program for improvement in self - care among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis. >
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA MELALUI PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN PADA SISWA SANGGAR BIMBINGAN (SB) AT TANZIL SERDANG, MALAYSIA
Authors: Dian Ayuningrum Lia , Kholis Frendika  , Hasna Widya Nastiti  , Fatimatasari  
Published: December 2024

During adolescence, having knowledge about reproductive health is a very important aspect for the formation of healthy attitudes and behavior in adolescents. Lack of knowledge about reproductive health can have an impact on risky behavior, especially in adolescents who have limited access to information and health services. This activity aims to increase reproductive health knowledge among teenagers at the At-Tanzil Serdang Guidance Studio (SB), Malaysia, most of whom come from Indonesian Migrant Worker (PMI) families. This activity uses an interactive lecture method supported by media in the form of PowerPoint and educational videos. The ultrasound method ((Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) is applied to determine problem priorities, while the fishbone diagram is used to identify the root causes of low understanding of reproductive health in adolescents. Evaluation of counseling activities is carried out through pretest and posttest. The results show a significant increase in adolescents' understanding of reproductive health after counseling, the statistical test results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). This activity is expected to have a long-term impact in helping teenagers maintain their reproductive health during puberty.

Keywords: Reproductive health, adolescents, counseling, Guidance Studio
REVIEW OF GREEN HYDROGEN TRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION AT EXISTING PLANTS IN UKRAINE AND EUROPE
Authors: Tracksler I.S. , Potapova M.V. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this review is to analyze the technologies for transforming green hydrogen to enhance biomethane production at existing plants in Ukraine and Europe, and to assess their potential in the context of achieving climate neutrality and energy independence.
Tasks:

Evaluate the European Union's strategies for achieving climate neutrality with an emphasis on the use of green hydrogen.
Examine the technologies for integrating green hydrogen into biomethane production at operational biogas plants.
Analyze the prospects and challenges of implementing such technologies in Ukraine and Europe.

Research Methods: To achieve the objectives, methods of review analysis, comparison of existing technologies, and assessment of their economic and environmental effectiveness were used. Information was gathered from scientific publications, official reports of the European Union, as well as data on the current state and prospects of the biogas and biomethane market.
Results: The article analyzes EU strategies aimed at achieving climate neutrality by 2050 through the active use of green hydrogen. Green hydrogen, produced from renewable energy sources, is a key component in the decarbonization of energy systems. Integrating green hydrogen into biomethane production allows for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and enhances energy independence.
European plants are already successfully employing water electrolysis and methane synthesis technologies to convert CO₂ into biomethane. These technologies provide additional opportunities for energy storage and reduction of CO₂ emissions. Technologies such as hydrogenotrophic CO₂ reduction have shown high potential in biomethane production using green hydrogen.
In Ukraine, the development of biomethane and hydrogen infrastructure is also outlined in the "Memorandum of Understanding" with the EU. These investments are expected to contribute to the country's energy independence and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, achieving this potential requires overcoming regulatory barriers and securing appropriate investments.
Thus, integrating green hydrogen into biomethane production is an important step towards clean energy and sustainable development both in Ukraine and in Europe. Further research and investment in this field will contribute to achieving climate goals and enhancing energy security.
Otsenka investitsionnoi aktivnosti Kemerovskoi oblasti - Kuzbassa
Authors: Fedulova Elena Anatolevna 
Published: December 2024

The author analyzes the relationship between investments and economic growth, establishes the dependence of the volume of investments in the region on the profitability of corporations, which in turn depends on the conjuncture of world coal prices. Investments in the region are studied on the basis of the investment rate indicator, which for 2015–2022 is presented in the form of a polyline and is in the range of 17–26%. An analytical study of the sources of attracting investments notes significant volatility in both credit and budgetary resources. The share of borrowed funds of credit institutions in 2022 decreased to a historic low of 2.2%. On the contrary, the share of budget funds has increased to 16%, but at the same time remains significantly lower than other regions of the Russian Federation. Mining is the main activity in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass and over the period under study, the share of investments in the structure of economic activities increased to 47 percent. Over the past three years, there has been an increase in investments by state-owned organizations from 9.2% in 2019 to 15.6–11.8%% in 2020–2022. The share of active investments in Kuzbass significantly exceeds the share of active investments in the Russian Federation at 36.4% in 2022 and indicates the dynamism and efficiency of investments in the region. The dynamism of the investment process in the region is confirmed by a review of major investment projects being implemented in the Kemerovo Region: the plywood mill on the territory of the Angero-Sudzhensk TOR, the four-star Cosmos Sheregesh hotel complex, the BELAZ technical support center, the Kuzbass Broiler mushroom production workshop.
O nekotorykh ekonomicheskikh aspektakh NMO: vzgliad so storony praktikuiushchikh vrachei
Authors: Sudakov Dmitrii Valerievich , Sudakov Oleg Valerievich , Gordeeva Olga Igorevna , Sych Galina Vladimirovna 
Published: December 2024

The chapter is devoted to the study of some economic (financial) aspects related to continuous medical education (CME). This topic is currently very relevant, due to the fact that currently in our country there are a number of consistent changes in the health care system aimed at optimizing and modernizing the above-mentioned system. The purpose of the work was to study some aspects, mainly affecting the financial sphere of CME. The objects of the study were 150 people, practicing doctors of various city hospitals, divided into 3 groups of 50 people, depending on the number of certificates they have (1, 2, 3 and more). The study is based on a questionnaire specially developed by the authors, including a number of questions about various aspects of CME. In particular, the following were studied: the experience of undergoing advanced training «according to the old» and «according to the new» rules; various aspects of satisfaction with the above systems were assessed; further, all subjects were asked to highlight five, in their opinion, the most important positive and negative aspects of CME, etc. At the same time, one of the most interesting parts of the presented study was the «financial» analysis of training in the CME system, taking into account the cost and aspects of payment for training for doctors of various groups – with one or several certificates. The data obtained allow us to take a new look at some aspects of the CME and determine the vectors of studying this topic, and also allows us to draw the attention of the medical community to a number of financial aspects of extending certificates. All of the above may have a positive effect on the CME system in the future.
Implementation of multidimensionality policies of inclusive development within the system of stated socioeconomic institutions
Authors: ВДОВІЧЕН А. А. , ВДОВІЧЕНА О. Г. 
Published: December 2024

This research paper defines the close mutually complementary relationship of economic, social and inclusive growth as a new, modern model of long-term economic development, global trends of progressive development within the resource-limited conditions and focusing on the interests of humanity. The purpose of the research. The aim of this study is to specify the general approaches, to generalize the theoretical and methodological foundations of inclusive development, to determine the basic principles which form the essence of inclusive concepts in view of multidimensionality, as the ones that determine the possibilities and prospects for a stable balanced economic development of systems and institutions at both global and local levels. Methodology. The author has applied the methods of systematic approach, logical modeling, logical deduction, induction in interaction with methods of classification and cognitive structuring. The latter ones enabled to reveal the essence of inclusive development as a multidimensional concept, to model the systems of institutions considering multidimensional inclusive development, to generalize and to structure the main advantages of an inclusive approach for the development of each system, stated in the study (state, society, market). Results. The obtained results made it possible to determine the principles of formation of an inclusive economy. Given study investigated the multidimensional concepts of an inclusive development and of an inclusive society. The author elaborated multidimensionality models of an inclusive society and an institutional system formation with consideration of multidimensionality of an inclusive development. Conclusions concerning the influence of new inclusive vectors in the terms of disclosure of multidimensionality with a longterm orientation are drawn. Practical meaning. The author suggests priorities of an inclusive development for certain systems within the context of stated institutions, which in future will provide an accurate creation of programs and strategies, oriented on the inclusive development vector within the system of defined institutes. Prospects for further research. As modern models of development are formed on the basis of multidimensional inclusive-oriented institutional systems, operating in the socio-economic environment of certain states or world economic system, the further research and implementation of inclusive development policies by the world community will enable, regarding economic, social and environmental components, to develop effective growth programs and to create a new integrated and responsible society.