bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoracic Paravertebral Block Ameliorates Postoperative Delirium in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Heng Lei , Wang Mingyu , Wang Mingquan , Li Li , Zhu Shanshan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives Thoracic surgery often causes postoperative delirium (POD) in geriatric patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of ultrasound-guided continuous thoracic paravertebral block (UG-TPVB) on POD in geriatric patients undergoing pulmonary resection.Methods Total 128 patients who underwent pulmonary resection were randomly allocated to either the conventional patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) group or the UG-TPVB group (n = 64 per group). The consumption of opioid agents (propofol and remifentanil), postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and postoperative itchiness were recorded. The diagnosis of delirium was dependent on the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale. The postoperative pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were used to evaluate the postoperative neuroinflammation.Results The consumption of propofol and remifentanil, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and postoperative itchiness in the UG-TPVB group were lower than that in the PCA group. Compared with the PCA group, the prevalence of POD was decreased in the UG-TPVB group. In addition, use of UG-TPVB not only reduced postoperative pain (VAS score) but also decreased postoperative neuroinflammation compared with PCA in geriatric patients undergoing pulmonary resection.Conclusions This study determined the benefits of UG-TPVB over PCA, providing an effectiveness approach to alleviate POD in geriatric patients undergoing pulmonary resection.
Predator-induced maternal effects determine adaptive antipredator behaviors via egg composition
Authors: Sharda Sakshi , Zuest Tobias , Erb Matthias , Taborsky Barbara 
Published: September 2021

Significance
In dangerous environments, mothers can prepare their offspring to cope with predation risk. Rapid escape responses such as the characteristic “C-start reflex” of fishes improve survival chances of offspring during predator attacks. We found that mothers exposed to predators during egg maturation, by changes to egg composition, produced offspring with faster C-start reflexes, which is an unequivocal demonstration of an adaptive maternal effect on offspring antipredator behavior. Moreover, compared to the control treatment, eggs of predator-exposed mothers were larger and contained more total protein and resulted in offspring with larger initial body size but reduced expression of a growth gene.
The role of concrete in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of US buildings and pavements
Authors: Gregory Jeremy , AzariJafari Hessam , Vahidi Ehsan , Guo Fengdi , Ulm Franz-Josef , Kirchain Randolph 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Changes to concrete production as well as in building and pavements systems—the largest consumers of concrete—can lead to more than 50% reductions in associated GHG emissions by 2050. Over this period, the operational phase of newly constructed buildings and pavements still generates most GHG emissions unless the electrical grid, heating, and transportation are decarbonized aggressively. Meeting decarbonization targets will require lowering the GHG emissions of concrete production as well as innovative uses to lower building and vehicle fuel consumption. Owing to their low abatement costs, several concrete solutions should be prioritized in climate change policies. More than one-third of the embodied impacts of building and pavement construction can be offset by implementing concrete solutions.
Investor memory of past performance is positively biased and predicts overconfidence
Authors: Walters Daniel J. , Fernbach Philip M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
This paper makes several contributions to research in memory, overconfidence, and investment behavior. First, we find that investors’ memories for past performance are positively biased. They tend to recall returns as better than achieved and are more likely to recall winners than losers. No published paper has shown these effects with investors. Second, we find that these positive memory biases are associated with overconfidence and trading frequency. Third, we validated a new methodology for reducing overconfidence and trading frequency by exposing investors to their past returns.
Interleukins 4 and 13 drive lipid abnormalities in skin cells through regulation of sex steroid hormone synthesis
Authors: Zhang Chenlu , Chinnappan Mahendran , Prestwood Courtney A. , Edwards Marshall , Artami Methinee , Thompson Bonne M. , Eckert Kaitlyn M. , Vale Goncalo , Zouboulis Christos C. , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Harris-Tryon Tamia A. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting 13% of adults and 10% of children worldwide. The inflammation seen in AD is driven by type 2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13. We have an incomplete understanding about how these cytokines impact the epithelial barrier and drive AD pathology. Our study demonstrates that IL-4 and IL-13 promote androgen production and drive lipid abnormalities in sebocytes. These findings deepen our understanding of the impact of the immune system on the skin epithelium.
Structural changes in bacteriophage T7 upon receptor-induced genome ejection
Authors: Chen Wenyuan , Xiao Hao , Wang Li , Wang Xurong , Tan Zhixue , Han Zhen , Li Xiaowu , Yang Fan , Liu Zhonghua , Song Jingdong , Liu Hongrong , Cheng Lingpeng 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Many double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, including the tailed dsDNA bacteriophages and herpesviruses, use molecular machines at a unique vertex of the capsid for genome delivery. Bacteriophage T7 provides a tractable model for the study of dsDNA viruses. Here, we report the structure of the mature bacteriophage T7, as well as the structures of the full and empty T7 particles in complex with their cell receptor lipopolysaccharide. The symmetry-mismatch machines at the vertex, including internal ejection proteins, have been resolved at near-atomic resolutions in our structures. The structures of the T7 particles at different stages reveal a series of structural rearrangements after viral genome delivery.
NMDARs in granule cells contribute to parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synaptic plasticity and motor learning
Authors: Schonewille Martijn , Girasole Allison E. , Rostaing Philippe , Mailhes-Hamon Caroline , Ayon Annick , Nelson Alexandra B. , Triller Antoine , Casado Mariano , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Bouvier Guy 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Learning depends on synaptic plasticity. The signaling mechanisms that control induction of plasticity determine the learning rules at the specific synapse involved. Moreover, the relationship between the activity patterns of synaptic inputs and the type, direction, and level of plasticity induced may evolve during development. Here, we establish a key link between receptor activation presynaptic to cerebellar Purkinje cells, downstream signaling mechanisms, and the ability of adult animals to learn a cerebellar motor task.
Optimal ligand discrimination by asymmetric dimerization and turnover of interferon receptors
Authors: Binder Patrick , Schnellbächer Nikolas D. , Höfer Thomas , Becker Nils B. , Schwarz Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceUpon viral infection, cytokine signaling molecules coordinate the immune response, but their distributions are highly inhomogeneous due to localized production and degradation in the infected tissue. It is a long-standing question how cytokine receptors can nevertheless decode inflammatory signals reliably. Here, we formulate this question as an inference problem in information theory and show that the molecular architecture of a receptor system determines its ability to discriminate between ligand types. Our results suggest that the type I interferon cytokine receptors have evolved the optimal design to detect and separate the presence of different ligand types in a noisy environment.
Sequential in vivo labeling of insulin secretory granule pools inINS-SNAPtransgenic pigs
Authors: Kemter Elisabeth , Müller Andreas , Neukam Martin , Ivanova Anna , Klymiuk Nikolai , Renner Simone , Yang Kaiyuan , Broichhagen Johannes , Kurome Mayuko , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Kessler Barbara , Knoch Klaus-Peter , Bickle Marc , Ludwig Barbara , Johnsson Kai , Lickert Heiko , Kurth Thomas , Wolf Eckhard , Solimena Michele 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceThe failure of β cells to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin is a key feature of diabetes mellitus. Each β cell secretes only a small amount of insulin upon stimulation in a highly regulated fashion: young insulin is preferentially released, whereas old insulin is mainly degraded within the β cell. How this process is regulated in vivo and likely altered in diabetes is currently unknown. We present here a transgenic pig model that allows the in vivo fluorescent labeling of age-distinct insulin secretory granule pools, hence providing a close-to-life readout of insulin turnover. This will enable the study of alterations in β cell function in an animal model close to humans.
Probing solution structure of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel GLIC by small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Lycksell Marie , Rovšnik Urška , Bergh Cathrine , Johansen Nicolai T. , Martel Anne , Porcar Lionel , Arleth Lise , Howard Rebecca J. , Lindahl Erik 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Ligand-gated ion channels are membrane proteins that cycle rapidly between open and closed forms, a process called gating. The structural basis of gating is foundational to receptor biophysics, cellular physiology, and drug design; however, it remains unclear how experimental X-ray structures correspond to solution behavior. Here, we test the solution structure of a model ion channel, GLIC, based on small-angle neutron scattering and molecular simulations under conditions that favor closed or open states. We find that closed-state conditions correspond well to closed X-ray structures, while open-state conditions implicate intermediate or mixed open/closed structures. These results elucidate the states sampled during ion channel gating, and the utility of neutron scattering combined with simulations to distinguish subtle shifts in membrane protein structure.
Relative mobility of screw versus edge dislocations controls the ductile-to-brittle transition in metals
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhang Yu-Heng , Ma En , Han Wei-Zhong 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceThis work uncovers the mystery of ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) in body-centered cubic (BCC) metals. Temperature-dependent dislocation mobility and dislocation nucleation have been proposed as the potential factors responsible for the DBT. However, there is no compelling explanation as to why the smooth/gradual temperature-dependent kink-pair formation always gives rise to an abrupt DBT. We discover that the ratio of screw dislocation velocity to edge dislocation velocity is a controlling factor responsible for the DBT. A sufficiently high relative mobility is a prerequisite for the coordinated movement of screw and edge segments to sustain dislocation multiplication. The study offers fundamental insights into the deformation mechanism of BCC metals.
5′-Cap sequestration is an essential determinant of HIV-1 genome packaging
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Kharytonchyk Siarhei , Kuo Nansen , Cannistraci Emily , Flores Hana , Chaudhary Ridhi , Sarkar Mitali , Dong Xinmei , Telesnitsky Alice , Summers Michael F. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
HIV-1 replication is critically dependent on the selective incorporation of viral RNA genomes into assembling virions. Although RNA elements that promote packaging have been identified, the determinants of authentic packaging fidelity and efficiency have until now remained unknown. The present studies show that genome selection is achieved by a bipartite mechanism that requires both dimerization-dependent exposure of packaging signals within the 5′ leader of the viral RNA and structural sequestration of the 5′ cap. Cap sequestration likely prevents capture by the cellular RNA processing and translation machinery, a mechanism that may help explain why some cellular RNA polymerase III transcripts that lack 5′ caps can parasitize virions. Cap sequestration may be commonly employed among RNA viruses that package 5′-capped genomes.
Vestibular rehabilitation in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
Authors: Tramontano Marco , Princi Alessandro Antonio , De Angelis Sara , Indovina Iole , Manzari Leonardo 
Published: September 2021

Objective
In 2017, the Committee for Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society unified four dizziness disorders under the definition of persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Currently, the efficacy of vestibular training (VR) in treating patients with PPPD is still under debate. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the possible clinical application of VR alone or in combination with other therapy in patients with PPPD.

Methods
Electronic databases searched in May 2021 were PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database and the data selection was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR extension for scoping reviews.

Results
Electronic searches identified 41 studies and after the selection process 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. We reported a narrative summary of results and presented the overall clinical parameters and outcomes of all included studies in a tabular format.

Conclusion
An accurate instrumental assessment of the vestibular function is needed to guide the clinical reasoning in the management of patients with PPPD. Considering the lack of RCTs, a consensus is needed to develop a shared and robust framework to find the best rehabilitative treatment for individuals with PPPD.
Passive, remote and omnidirectional suppression of sound source radiation via an acoustic superscatterer
Authors: Bai Yue , Gu Limin , Wang Xiaole , Huang Zhenyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Effective direct control of the sound source is the fundamental solution to the problem of noise. Herein, we propose a passive, non-closed and remote scheme for omnidirectional reduction of the sound power radiated from vibrating sources. The physical mechanism of this scheme is to design an acoustic superscatterer based upon the idea of transformation media so that the virtual boundary of the acoustic superscatterer can overlap with the radiation boundary of the sound source to construct drastic multiple scattering effects. Through theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we confirm the effectiveness of adopting an acoustic superscatterer to significantly suppress the sound radiation power generated by some typical dipolar sources in air. Our study shows that by arranging no more than two acoustic superscatterers at designated positions away from a dipolar thin rod, about 90% of the sound radiation power, i.e. 10 dB, can be suppressed in all directions of the dipole axis. This preliminary work could aid research into the use of passive methods to achieve non-contact omnidirectional noise control of vibrating sources.
Modal dispositionalism and necessary perfect masks
Authors: Vetter Barbara , Busse Ralf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Modal dispositionalism is the view that possibilities are a matter of the dispositions of individual objects: it is possible that p if and only if something has a disposition for p to be the case. We raise a problem for modal dispositionalism: nothing within the theory rules out that there could be necessary, perfect masks, which make the manifestation of a disposition impossible. Unless such necessary perfect masks are ruled out, modal dispositionalism runs the risk of failing to provide a sufficient condition for possibility, and indeed of engendering contradictions. But to rule them out, modal dispositionalism would have to revise a crucial tenet of the view, its localism.
The Relationship between Health Literacy and Comfort with Teleneuropsychology in a Veteran Sample
Authors: Sullivan-Baca Erin , Babicz Michelle A , Choudhury Tabina K , Miller Brian I 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveHealth literacy is a strong psychosocial determinant of health disparities and has been found to relate to various aspects of health-related technology use. With the increased implementation of neuropsychological services performed via telehealth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the relationship between health literacy and comfort with teleneuropsychology warrants further investigation.MethodThe present study examined 77 Veterans participating in neuropsychological evaluations as a part of standard clinical care. The sample was diverse in terms of age ethnicity, and psychiatric and neurocognitive diagnoses. In addition to a fixed-flexible neuropsychological battery, the Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool (BRIEF) was administered to evaluate health literacy. Self-reported comfort with the teleneuropsychological evaluation was assessed using an informal 10-point scale, and qualitative comfort responses were also recorded.ResultsIndependent samples t-tests revealed older adults were more likely to participate in the evaluation via telephone than with VA Video Connect. Although health literacy was not related to telehealth modality, it was correlated with comfort with the teleneuropsychological evaluation (r = .34, p &lt; .01), although it is notable that average comfort levels were high across modalities (M = 8.16, SD = 2.50).ConclusionsFindings support the notion that teleneuropsychological services may feasibly be implemented with a diverse group of patients, although flexibility with modality may be necessary. Those performing these services should also be aware that patients with lower health literacy may feel less comfortable with teleneuropsychology as they seek to build rapport and optimize evaluation engagement.
RGS14414-Mediated Activation of the 14-3-3ζ in Rodent Perirhinal Cortex Induces Dendritic Arborization, an Increase in Spine Number, Long-Lasting Memory Enhancement, and the Prevention of Memory Deficits
Authors: Navarro-Lobato Irene , Masmudi-Martín Mariam , López-Aranda Manuel F , Quiros-Ortega María E , Carretero-Rey Marta , Garcia-Garrido María F , Gallardo-Martínez Carmen , Martín-Montañez Elisa , Gaona-Romero Celia , Delgado Gloria , Torres-Garcia Laura , Terrón-Melguizo Javier , Posadas Sinforiano , Muñoz Lourdes Rodríguez , Rios Carlos Vivar , Zoidakis Jerome , Vlahou Antonia , López Juan C , Khan Zafar U 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The remedy of memory deficits has been inadequate, as all potential candidates studied thus far have shown limited to no effects and a search for an effective strategy is ongoing. Here, we show that an expression of RGS14414 in rat perirhinal cortex (PRh) produced long-lasting object recognition memory (ORM) enhancement and that this effect was mediated through the upregulation of 14-3-3ζ, which caused a boost in BDNF protein levels and increase in pyramidal neuron dendritic arborization and dendritic spine number. A knockdown of the 14-3-3ζ gene in rat or the deletion of the BDNF gene in mice caused complete loss in ORM enhancement and increase in BDNF protein levels and neuronal plasticity, indicating that 14-3-3ζ-BDNF pathway-mediated structural plasticity is an essential step in RGS14414-induced memory enhancement. We further observed that RGS14414 treatment was able to prevent deficits in recognition, spatial, and temporal memory, which are types of memory that are particularly affected in patients with memory dysfunctions, in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. These results suggest that 14-3-3ζ-BDNF pathway might play an important role in the maintenance of the synaptic structures in PRh that support memory functions and that RGS14414-mediated activation of this pathway could serve as a remedy to treat memory deficits.
Reversible Fronto-occipitotemporal Signaling Complements Task Encoding and Switching under Ambiguous Cues
Authors: Tsumura Kaho , Kosugi Keita , Hattori Yoshiki , Aoki Ryuta , Takeda Masaki , Chikazoe Junichi , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Jimura Koji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Adaptation to changing environments involves the appropriate extraction of environmental information to achieve a behavioral goal. It remains unclear how behavioral flexibility is guided under situations where the relevant behavior is ambiguous. Using functional brain mapping of machine learning decoders and directional functional connectivity, we show that brain-wide reversible neural signaling underpins task encoding and behavioral flexibility in ambiguously changing environments. When relevant behavior is cued ambiguously during behavioral shifting, neural coding is attenuated in distributed cortical regions, but top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex complement the coding. When behavioral shifting is cued more explicitly, modality-specialized occipitotemporal regions implement distinct neural coding about relevant behavior, and bottom-up signals from the occipitotemporal region to the prefrontal cortex supplement the behavioral shift. These results suggest that our adaptation to an ever-changing world is orchestrated by the alternation of top-down and bottom-up signaling in the fronto-occipitotemporal circuit depending on the availability of environmental information.
Functional Organization of Frontoparietal Cortex in the Marmoset Investigated with Awake Resting-State fMRI
Authors: Hori Yuki , Cléry Justine C , Schaeffer David J , Menon Ravi S , Everling Stefan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Frontoparietal networks contribute to complex cognitive functions in humans and macaques, such as working memory, attention, task-switching, response suppression, grasping, reaching, and eye movement control. However, there has been no comprehensive examination of the functional organization of frontoparietal networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging in the New World common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), which is now widely recognized as a powerful nonhuman primate experimental animal. In this study, we employed hierarchical clustering of interareal blood oxygen level–dependent signals to investigate the hypothesis that the organization of the frontoparietal cortex in the marmoset follows the organizational principles of the macaque frontoparietal system. We found that the posterior part of the lateral frontal cortex (premotor regions) was functionally connected to the anterior parietal areas, while more anterior frontal regions (frontal eye field [FEF]) were connected to more posterior parietal areas (the region around the lateral intraparietal area [LIP]). These overarching patterns of interareal organization are consistent with a recent macaque study. These findings demonstrate parallel frontoparietal processing streams in marmosets and support the functional similarities of FEF–LIP and premotor–anterior parietal pathways between marmoset and macaque.