bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic and comparative analyses of Rheum (Polygonaceae, Polygonoideae)
Authors: Zhang Hua‐Jie , Zhang Xu , Landis Jacob B. , Sun Yan‐Xia , Sun Jiao , Kuang Tian‐Hui , Li Li‐Juan , Tiamiyu Bashir B. , Deng Tao , Sun Hang , Wang Heng‐Chang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpecies of Rheum have high medicinal value, with the center of diversity in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions. However, phylogenetic relationships of Rheum are still unclear due to fragment markers providing insufficient informative loci. Here, we sequenced and annotated plastomes of nine Rheum species, and compared the genome structure among the novel nine species along with three published species. Comparative analyses revealed that plastomes of Rheum share a relatively conserved structure. Five highly divergent regions (accD, ccsA, matK, ndhF, and ndhH) can be used as valuable molecular markers for further species delimitation and population genetic studies. Twenty‐two accessions representing 17 species were used for phylogenetic analysis, which generated a robust phylogenetic tree and revealed two major clades within Rheum. Phylogenetic results showed that glasshouse structures and cushions of Rheum are results of parallel evolution during adaptation to similar environments. Inconsistent tree topology between concatenated and coalescent methods was detected, implying that incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization may have occurred in the evolutionary history of Rheum. Divergence time estimation based on two fossil calibrations and three secondary calibrations revealed a Miocene to middle Oligocene origin of Rheum. Our study provides valuable genomic resources for the medicinally important genus Rheum, while gaining helpful insights into its systematics and evolution.
Successful application of closed loop stimulation pacemakers with remote monitoring in 3 miniature donkeys with syncope
Authors: De Lange Lisa , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Vernemmen Ingrid , Vera Lisse , Cromheeke Kristel M. C. , Walser Ulla , Meert Hans , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRate‐adaptive single chamber pacemakers with accelerometer, closed loop stimulation (CLS), and remote monitoring functionality (Eluna 8 SR‐T, Biotronik, SE & Co, Germany) were implanted in 3 miniature donkeys with third‐degree atrioventricular block and syncope. After recovery, different pacemaker programming modes were tested at rest, during stress without physical exercise and during physical exercise. Pacing rates were compared to actual atrial rates and showed that CLS functionality allowed physiological heart rate adaptation. A transmitter installed in the stable provided wireless connection of the pacemaker to the internet. Home monitoring was activated which performed daily wireless transmission of pacemaker functional measurements to an online server allowing diagnosis of pathological arrhythmias and pacemaker malfunction from a distance. Closed loop stimulation and remote monitoring functionality resulted in nearly physiological rate adaptation and allowed remote “from‐the‐stable” patient follow‐up.
Evaluation of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, for biological solids control in raft aquaponic systems and the protective effectiveness of root guards
Authors: Dusci Joshua C. , Hager Janelle , Coyle Shawn , Tidwell James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe accumulation of excess solids within the hydroponic troughs of raft aquaponic systems is considered one of the most common problems in commercial production. These solids can negatively affect water quality during decomposition. They can also impact plant health by physically coating the plant roots, reducing nutrient uptake and inducing plant diseases such as Pythium. Manual removal is labor intensive and costly. Based on their detritivorous feeding behavior, the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, may have potential as a biological control of solids. However, in a preliminary trial it was found that prawn will damage unprotected plant roots. To address this, two trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of prawn on solids accumulation within the plant beds and the effectiveness of different mechanical approaches to protect the plant roots. Both trials used six replicate recirculating raft aquaponic systems. Three systems had no prawn and three had prawn (~8 g) stocked at five prawn per trough. The plant grown was Buttercrunch Bibb lettuce (Lactuca sativa) at a density of 24 plants/m2. Plant growth in Trial 1 was statistically analyzed using a 2 × 3 factorial with the main effects of presence of prawn (none or 5/trough) and root protection device (none, plastic screen, or cloth netting). Water quality and solids data were compared in systems with prawn and without prawn using a two sample t test. Trial 1 lasted 32 days. Trial 2 used a plastic mesh “false bottom” to exclude prawn from access to the plants over the entire beds. Trial 2 used six systems all with the false bottoms in place. The comparison of three systems with prawn and three systems without prawn and was conducted over two plant production cycles of 4 weeks each. All data was analyzed using a two sample t test. In Trial 1, the presence of prawn produced a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction of settled solid wastes within the troughs, but plant growth was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.01) in beds stocked with prawn regardless of root protection device. In Trial 2, the presence of prawn again produced a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction of settled solid waste within the troughs. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in average plant weight with this root protection device in systems with or without prawn. This research demonstrates that freshwater prawn can reduce solid waste buildup in aquaponic plant beds, but that effective root protection is essential to maintain efficient plant production.
Toward integration of sea cucumber and cockles with culture of shrimps in earthen ponds in Kenya
Authors: Magondu Esther W. , Fulanda Bernerd M. , Munguti Jonathan M. , Mlewa Chrisestom M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study presents the first trial application of an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system in pond culture in Kenya using a combination of locally available species. Sea cucumber,Holothuria scabra, and cockles,Anadara antiquatawere obtained from the wild for culture trials with Indian white shrimp,Penaeus indicusin an IMTA for comparison with monoculture of shrimps in intertidal earthen ponds. The monoculture treatment (T1) ponds were stocked withP. indicusjuveniles at a stocking density of (5 ind/m2; 12.9 g/m2) while the IMTA treatment (T2) combination hadH. scabra,P. Indicus, andA. antiquatastocked at (1.2 ind/m2; 105.78 g/m2, 5 ind/m2; 12.9 g/m2and 3.5 ind/m2; 142.48 g/m2) respectively. During the culture period, the harvest weight gain (mean ± SE) for shrimps in T1 was 13.17 ± 0.75 g while the organisms in T2 combination a weight gain of 13.19 ± 0.57 g for shrimps, 175.03 ± 27.84 g for sea cucumber, and 44 ± 0.97 g for cockles. Economic analysis revealed increase in net income in T2 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.77 higher than T1. The findings of this study provide a basis for integration ofH. scabraandA. antiquatainto Kenya's coastal mariculture through application of pond IMTA technology.
A novel effector, CsSp1, from Bipolaris sorokiniana, is essential for colonization in wheat and is also involved in triggering host immunity
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Li Haiyang , Wang Limin , Xie Shunpei , Zhang Yuan , Kang Ruijiao , Zhang Mengjuan , Zhang Panpan , Li Yonghui , Hu Yanfeng , Wang Min , Chen Linlin , Yuan Hongxia , Ding Shengli , Li Honglian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana causes root rot, leaf blotching, and black embryos in wheat and barley worldwide, resulting in significant yield and quality reductions. However, the mechanism underlying the host–pathogen interactions between B. sorokiniana and wheat or barley remains unknown. The B. sorokiniana genome encodes a large number of uncharacterized putative effector proteins. In this study, we identified a putative secreted protein, CsSp1, with a classic N‐terminal signal peptide, that is induced during early infection. A split‐marker approach was used to knock out CsSP1 in the Lankao 9‐3 strain. Compared with the wild type, the deletion mutant ∆Cssp1 displayed less radial growth on potato dextrose agar plates and produced fewer spores, and complementary transformation completely restored the phenotype of the deletion mutant to that of the wild type. The pathogenicity of the deletion mutant in wheat was attenuated even though appressoria still penetrated the host. Additionally, the infectious hyphae in the deletion mutant became swollen and exhibited reduced growth in plant cells. The signal peptide of CsSp1 was functionally verified through a yeast YTK12 secretion system. Transient expression of CsSp1 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited lesion formation caused by Phytophthora capsici. Moreover, CsSp1 localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells. In B. sorokiniana‐infected wheat leaves, the salicylic acid‐regulated genes TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2 were down‐regulated in the ∆Cssp1 strain compared with the wild‐type strain under the same conditions. Therefore, CsSp1 is a virulence effector and is involved in triggering host immunity.
Effect of non‐alcoholic beer containing matured hop bitter acids on mood states in healthy adults: A single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Fukuda Takafumi , Akiyama Shiori , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Iwadate Yasuo , Ano Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of non‐alcoholic beer containing matured hop bitter acids on mood states among healthy adults older than 20 years. This study was an open‐label longitudinal intervention design in which each participant served as their control. For 3 weeks, we evaluated the effect of non‐alcoholic beer containing 35 mg of matured hop bitter acids on mood, sleep quality, and work performance. The data of 97 participants (age range: 23–72 years, median age: 42) were analyzed. After the intervention, we found that matured hop bitter acids significantly improved total mood state, including anxiety, depression, fatigue, and vigor, compared with the baseline. Furthermore, sleep quality and absolute presenteeism were significantly improved after the intervention compared with the baseline. The present exploratory study suggested that 3‐week supplementation with matured hop bitter acids improved mood and peripheral symptoms in persons of a wide range of ages. Although further investigation is needed, the findings suggested that non‐alcoholic beer in daily life might become a choice for maintaining mood states.
Nurses' conceptualizations of managing emergencies in nursing homes
Authors: Choi Young‐Rim , Chang Sung Ok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmergencies can negatively affect the morbidity and mortality of nursing home residents. As nurses employed at nursing homes play a key role in such situations, their conceptualizations of emergency management should be considered to improve care. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify nurses' conceptualizations of managing emergencies in nursing homes. A qualitative research design was conducted using interviews with 20 nurses working in five different nursing homes in the Republic of Korea between September 2019 and August 2020. The data were analyzed using phenomenography. This study identified two main perspectives used by nurses in nursing homes to manage emergencies, depending on the resident's condition: emergency care and daily preventive care. Nurses' conceptualizations of care provided in emergencies were organized under the frames of assessment and intervention, whereas routine care carried out during daily life activities fell under the frame of prevention. This study's findings, which elucidate nurses' complex practical and experiential knowledge, provide insights for the development of emergency management training.
Transtheoretical model for lifestyle changes in older persons: a systematic review protocol
Authors: da Rosa Melissa Côrtes , Rosa Carolina Böettge , Boff Raquel de Melo , Oliveira Margareth Silva , Schwanke Carla Helena Augustin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdherence to lifestyle changes is a major challenge for healthcare professionals. The transtheoretical model (TTM) was proposed to promote behavioral changes, used in different health conditions (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, and obesity) and age groups. However, the effectiveness of the model in older persons is not yet known. This systematic review protocol follows the PRISMA‐P guidance. The question the review will address is, Are interventions based on the TTM, compared with conventional interventions, associated with lifestyle changes in older adults? Databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, WoS, and PsycINFO will be searched. Randomized clinical controlled trials and quasi‐experimental studies describing the effectiveness of TTM‐based interventions in changing the lifestyle of individuals aged 65 and over, compared with conventional interventions for lifestyle changes, will be included. Studies that do not address the stages of change characteristic of TTM or that use pharmacological interventions as a comparator will be excluded. Reviewers independently will screen papers for eligibility criteria, and, extracting data, assess the risk of bias for included studies and will evaluate the overall quality of evidence (GRADE system). If possible, a meta‐analysis will be conducted. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be prepared according to the SWiM guideline.
The roles of mitochondrial dynamics and NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of retinal light damage
Authors: Rong Rong , Yang Rongliang , Li Haibo , You Mengling , Liang Zhuotao , Zeng Zhou , Zhou Rongrong , Xia Xiaobo , Ji Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the widespread popularity of electronic products and the diversification of lighting equipment, ocular photochemical damage caused by light has attracted research attention. Although such equipment mainly cause damage to the retina, the specific pathogenesis has not been systematically elucidated. Thus, the goal of this study was to explore the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of the NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in retinal cell death caused by light damage. We used a white light–emitting diode source to establish a mouse model of retinal light damage and observed significant changes of retinal structure and an impairment of visual function. Further experiments revealed that dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1)–mediated excessive mitochondrial fission induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the retinal cells, leading to apoptosis, activation of microglia, and formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This, in turn, triggered a series of inflammatory cascade reactions, leading to pyroptosis. We also carried out red light and Drp1 inhibitor treatment and found that retinal damage and the decline in visual function caused by white light could be partially ameliorated. In conclusion, this study clarified the association between mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal light damage and provides opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Regulatory T cells showed characteristics of T helper‐17(Th17) cells in mice periodontitis model
Authors: Kou Yuying , Jiang Yujun , Liu Shanshan , Yang Panpan , Lu Yupu , Liu Hongrui , Li Minqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the regulatory role of Th17‐Treg balance in periodontitis and further reveal Treg plasticity.Materials and MethodsAn experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation and injection of Pg‐LPS. Inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA and RT‐PCR. Alveolar bone absorption was evaluated by micro‐CT and histomorphology. Quantities of Treg and Th17 cell and their related gene expression were examined. Furthermore, after magnetic bead‐sorting spleen Treg cells, Treg/Th17 characteristic genes were explored. Immunofluorescence double staining of Foxp3 and IL‐17 was conducted to further reveal Treg plasticity.ResultsInflammatory cytokines in serum and gingival tissue increased significantly in periodontitis, which revealed obvious crestal bone loss. Further analysis showed that the number of Th17 cells and expression of related genes increased more significantly than Treg cells, demonstrating Treg‐Th17 imbalance. Flow cytometry showed that the proportions of Treg cells in the blood and spleen were lower in periodontitis group. Furthermore, Foxp3 was downregulated, and Rorc/ IL‐17A were increased in Treg cells of periodontitis group. Immunofluorescence double staining showed significantly increased number of IL‐17+Foxp3+ cells in periodontitis.ConclusionsThese results provided evidence that Treg cells showed characteristics of Th17 cells in mice with periodontitis, although its mechanisms require further study.
Blood pressure and flow in pediatric anesthesia: An educational review
Authors: Karlsson Jacob , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring recent years, a lot of interest has been focused on blood pressure in the context of pediatric anesthesia, trying to define what is normal in relation to age and what numeric values that should be regarded as hypotension, needing active intervention. However, blood pressure is mainly measured as a proxy for flow, that is, cardiac output. Thus, just focusing on specific blood pressure numbers may not necessarily be very useful or appropriate. The aim of this educational review is to put the issue of intraoperative blood pressure in the context of pediatric anesthesia in further perspective.
Strategic Decision Making and Implementation in Public Organizations in the Gulf Cooperation Council: The Role of Procedural Rationality
Authors: Al‐Hashimi Khalid , Weerakkody Vishanth , Elbanna Said , Schwarz Gary 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on Herbert Simon's conceptualization of bounded rationality, this article develops and tests an integrative model of the strategic decision‐making process (SDMP) and outcomes in public organizations. The model integrates different SDMP dimensions—procedural rationality, intuition, participation, and constructive politics—and examines their impacts on the successful implementation of strategic decisions. Additionally, it analyzes the influence of implementation on the overall outcomes of strategic decisions. The model was tested with data from multiple sources on 170 strategic decisions collected from senior executives working in 38 public organizations in Qatar—a context in which studies on decision making are rare. With the exception of intuition, this study shows a positive impact of all SDMP dimensions on the successful implementation and outcomes of strategic decisions. Successful implementation fully mediates the relationships between procedural rationality, participation, and constructive politics and the outcomes of strategic decisions.Evidence for Practice

The study shows how managers decide on strategic issues for public organizations.
There is a positive relationship between procedural rationality, participation, and constructive politics and the successful implementation of strategic decisions.
Public managers can influence the success of strategic decisions by establishing formal processes to ensure that all relevant information is collected and analyzed and that people with experience and diverse perspectives participate in decision making.
Developing effective implementation processes is necessary for improving the outcomes of strategic decisions in public organizations.
Human amniotic membrane stem cells’ conditioned medium has better support for in‐vitro production of bovine embryos than FBS
Authors: Shadmanesh Ali , Nazari Hassan , Shirazi Abolfazl , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Shams‐Esfandabadi Naser 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApart from oocyte quality, the media used has a significant effect on the production and quality of blastocysts produced in vitro. This study was designed to evaluate the replacement of serum with human amniotic membrane stem cells’ conditioned medium (hAMSCs‐CM) during bovine embryo culture on the quantity and quality of produced blastocysts. The in‐vitro‐produced embryos on the third day of IVC were randomly divided into the following culture groups: SOFaa + 5% FBS (Control), SOFaa + 5% hAMSCs‐CM (5% CM), SOFaa + 2.5% hAMSCs‐CM + 2.5% FBS (2.5% CM) and SOFaa + hAMSC co‐culture (co‐culture). The blastocyst and hatching rates, blastocyst cells number (the number of trophectoderm, inner cell mass and total cells), and the expression of some developmentally important genes (OCT4, PLAC8 and COX2 genes) in the treated groups, especially in the 5% CM, compared to the control had improved (p < .05). No significant difference was observed between groups for viability and hatching rate in vitrified‐warmed blastocysts. Due to the positive effect of hAMSCs’ conditioned medium (hAMSCs‐CM) on blastocyst production, as well as its ease of preparation and the need to avoid the transmission of microbial contamination to the culture medium, hAMSCs‐CM can be used as a suitable alternative to FBS during 3 to 8 days of bovine embryo culture.
Disaster Risk Planning With Fuzzy Goal Programming
Authors: Rakes Terry R. , Deane Jason K. , Rees Loren P. , Goldberg David M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe uncertainty in the timing and severity of disaster events makes the long‐term planning of mitigation and recovery actions both critical and extremely difficult. Planners often use expected values for hazard occurrences, leaving communities vulnerable to worse‐than‐usual and even so‐called “black swan” events. This research models disasters in terms of their best‐case, most‐likely, and worst‐case damage estimates. These values are then embedded in a fuzzy goal programming model to provide community planners and stakeholders with the ability to strategize for any range of events from best‐case to worst‐case by adjusting goal weights. Examples are given illustrating the modeling approach, and an analysis is provided to illustrate how planners might use the model as a planning tool.
Short‐term liver transplant outcomes from SARS‐CoV‐2 lower respiratory tract NAT positive donors
Authors: La Hoz Ricardo M. , Mufti Arjmand R. , Vagefi Parsia A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOn April 2021, the United States Organ Procurement and Transplantation Executive Committee approved the “lower respiratory SARS‐CoV‐2 testing for lung donors” emergency policy upon recommendation from the Ad Hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee. This policy requires that all lung donors be tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 in a lower respiratory specimen by nucleic acid test (NAT) and that the results be available before the lungs are transplanted. The overarching goal of the emergency policy was to minimize the risk of donor‐derived COVID‐19 to lung recipients. However, an unintended consequence of the policy was the emergence of a new population of potential donors: the SARS‐CoV‐2 lower respiratory tract (LRT) NAT positive donor. We describe the use of two SARS‐CoV‐2 LRT NAT positive liver donors without a known history of COVID‐19 infection with adequate short‐term outcomes. The recipients did not have a prior history of COVID‐19, nor did they receive monoclonal antibodies post‐transplantation; one was unvaccinated. If the safety and long‐term outcomes from SARS‐CoV‐2 LRT NAT positive donors are confirmed in larger studies, this strategy represents a promising way to increase the pool for organ donation.