bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic Risk Score to Identify Subclinical Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Young Adults
Authors: Wells Quinn S. , Bagheri Minoo , Aday Aaron W. , Gupta Deepak K. , Shaffer Christian M. , Wei Wei-Qi , Vaitinadin Nataraja Sarna , Khan Sadiya S. , Greenland Philip , Wang Thomas J. , Stein C. Michael , Roden Dan M. , Mosley Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may enhance risk stratification for coronary heart disease among young adults. Whether a coronary heart disease PRS improves prediction beyond modifiable risk factors in this population is not known.

Methods:
Genotyped adults aged 18 to 35 years were selected from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; n=1132) and FOS (Framingham Offspring Study; n=663). Systolic blood pressure, total and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, and waist circumference or body mass index were measured at the visit 1 exam of each study, and coronary artery calcium, a measure of coronary atherosclerosis, was assessed at year 15 (CARDIA) or year 30 (FOS). A previously validated PRS for coronary heart disease was computed for each subject. The C statistic and integrated discrimination improvement were used to compare improvements in prediction of elevated coronary artery calcium between models containing the PRS, risk factors, or both.

Results:
There were 62 (5%) and 93 (14%) participants with a coronary artery calcium score >20 (CARDIA) and >300 (FOS), respectively. At these thresholds, the C statistic changes of adding the PRS to a risk factor–based model were 0.015 (0.004–0.028) and 0.020 (0.001–0.039) in CARDIA and FOS, respectively. When adding risk factors to a PRS-based model, the respective changes were 0.070 (0.033–0.109) and 0.051 (0.017–0.079). The integrated discrimination improvement, when adding the PRS to a risk factor model, was 0.027 (−0.006 to 0.054) in CARDIA and 0.039 (0.0005–0.072) in FOS.

Conclusions:
Among young adults, a PRS improved model discrimination for coronary atherosclerosis, but improvements were smaller than those associated with modifiable risk factors.
Prevalence and Outcomes of p.Val142Ile
TTR
Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chandrashekar Pranav , Alhuneafat Laith , Mannello Meghan , Al-Rashdan Lana , Kim Morris M. , Dungu Jason , Alexander Kevin , Masri Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The p.Val142Ile variant, predominantly found among people of African descent, is the most common cause of variant transthyretin amyloidosis and carriers predominantly develop a cardiomyopathy (variant transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy) phenotype. Yet, there are conflicting data on the prevalence and outcomes of p.Val142Ile variant carriers.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review of the prevalence and outcomes of p.Val142Ile variant transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy among subjects of African descent. We found 62 relevant articles after searching the MEDLINE databases from 1980 to 2020 that reported data for ≈150 000 subjects.

Results:
The reported worldwide prevalence of the p.Val142Ile variant is 0.3% to 1.6% in the general population. Among people of African descent, the reported prevalence from all studies ranges from 1.1% to 9.8%, but for studies with >1000 subjects, it is 3% to 3.5%. The prevalence of the p.Val142Ile variant in a region is dependent on the reported percentage of subjects who are of African descent in that region. p.Val142Ile variant transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy typically presents in the seventh to eighth decade of life and the majority of cases reported were male, with 25% to 38% diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. It was associated with a longitudinally worse quality of life and a lower adjusted survival compared with other types of transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions:
The p.Val142Ile variant is the most common variant of the transthyretin gene with most carriers being of African descent. The true penetrance is unknown but the p.Val142Ile variant is associated with increased rates of incident heart failure and portends a lower overall survival. Increased awareness could lead to earlier diagnosis and improved heart failure outcomes among those of African descent, which is of increasing importance given the advent of novel therapeutics for this disease.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects and Tolerability of Phosphodiesterase-1 Inhibition With ITI-214 in Human Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Gilotra Nisha A. , DeVore Adam D. , Povsic Thomas J. , Hays Allison G. , Hahn Virginia S. , Agunbiade Tolu A. , DeLong Allison , Satlin Andrew , Chen Richard , Davis Robert , Kass David A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
PDE1 (phosphodiesterase type 1) hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate. ITI-214 is a highly selective PDE1 inhibitor that induces arterial vasodilation and positive inotropy in larger mammals. Here, we assessed pharmacokinetics, hemodynamics, and tolerability of single-dose ITI-214 in humans with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods:
Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were randomized 3:1 to 10, 30, or 90 mg ITI-214 single oral dose or placebo (n=9/group). Vital signs and electrocardiography were monitored predose to 5 hours postdose and transthoracic echoDoppler cardiography predose and 2-hours postdose.

Results:

Patient age averaged 54 years; 42% female, and 60% Black. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 3 to 8 mm Hg (
P
<0.001) and heart rate increased 5 to 9 bpm (
P
≤0.001 for 10, 30 mg doses, RM-ANCOVA). After 4 hours, neither blood pressure or heart rate significantly differed among cohorts (supine or standing). ITI-214 increased mean left ventricular power index, a relatively load-insensitive inotropic index, by 0.143 Watts/mL
2
·10
4
(
P
=0.03, a +41% rise; 5–71 CI) and cardiac output by 0.83 L/min (
P
=0.002, +31%, 13–49 CI) both at the 30 mg dose. Systemic vascular resistance declined with 30 mg (–564 dynes·s/cm–
5
,
P
<0.001) and 90 mg (–370,
P
=0.016). Diastolic changes were minimal, and no parameters were significantly altered with placebo. ITI-214 was well-tolerated. Five patients had mild-moderate hypotension or orthostatic hypotension recorded adverse events. There were no significant changes in arrhythmia outcome and no serious adverse events.

Conclusions:
Single-dose ITI-214 is well-tolerated and confers inodilator effects in humans with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Further investigations of its therapeutic utility are warranted.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03387215.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Referral for Invasive Hemodynamic Evaluation for Advanced Heart Failure: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Larsson Johan , Kristensen Søren L. , Madelaire Christian , Schou Morten , Rossing Kasper , Boesgaard Søren , Køber Lars , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Factors determining referral for advanced heart failure (HF) evaluation are poorly studied. We studied the influence of socioeconomic aspects on the referral process in Denmark, which has a taxpayer-funded national health care system.

Methods:
We identified all patients aged 18 to 75 years with a first diagnosis of HF during 2010 to 2018. Hospitalized patients had to be discharged alive and were then followed for the outcome of undergoing a right heart catheterization (RHC) used as a surrogate marker of advanced HF work-up.

Results:

Of 36 637 newly diagnosed patients with HF, 680 (1.9%) underwent RHC during the follow-up period (median time to RHC of 280 days [interquartile range, 73–914]). Factors associated with a higher likelihood of RHC included the highest versus lowest household income quartile (HR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.19–2.06];
P
=0.001), being diagnosed with HF at a tertiary versus nontertiary hospital (HR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.37–2.05];
P
<0.001) and during a hospitalization versus outpatient visit (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.42–1.95];
P
<0.001). Level of education, occupational status, and distance to tertiary hospital were not independently associated with RHC. Older age, cancer, and a psychiatric diagnosis were independently associated with a decreased probability of RHC.

Conclusions:
Higher household income, HF diagnosis during hospitalization, and first admission at a tertiary hospital were associated with increased likelihood of subsequent referral for RHC independent of other demographic and clinical variables. Greater attention may be required to ensure timely referral for advanced HF therapies in lower income groups.
Dynamical attribution of North Atlantic interdecadal predictability to oceanic and atmospheric turbulence under diagnosed and optimal stochastic forcing
Authors: Stephenson Dafydd , Sévellec F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnpredictable variations in the ocean originate from both external atmospheric forcing and chaotic processes internal to the ocean itself, and are a crucial sink of predictability on interdecadal timescales. In a global ocean model, we present i.) an optimization framework to compute the most efficient noise patterns to generate uncertainty and ii.) a computationally inexpensive, dynamical method for attributing sources of ocean uncertainty to internal (mesoscale eddy-driven) and external (atmospherically driven) origins, sidestepping the more typical ensemble approach. These two methods are then applied to a range of metrics (heat content, volume transport, and heat transport) and time averages (monthly, yearly, and decadal) in the subtropical and subpolar North Atlantic. The optimal noise patterns create variability in integrated quantities of interest through features of the underlying circulation such as the North Atlantic Current and deep water formation regions. Meanwhile, noise forcing diagnosed from model representations of the actual climate system stimulates these theoretical patterns with various degrees of efficiency, ultimately leading to the growth of error. We reaffirm that higher frequency variations in meridional transports are primarily wind driven, while surface buoyancy forcing is the ultimately dominant source of uncertainty at lower frequencies. For year-averaged quantities in the subtropics, it is mesoscale eddies which contribute the most to oceanic uncertainty, accounting for up to 60% after 60 years of growth for volume transport at 25°N. The impact of eddies is greatly reduced in the subpolar region, which we suggest may be explained by overall lower sensitivity to small-scale noise there.
Local and remote atmospheric responses to soil moisture anomalies in Australia
Authors: Martius Olivia , Wehrli Kathrin , Rohrer Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThree sets of model experiments are performed with the Community Earth System Model to study the role of soil moisture anomalies as a boundary forcing for the formation of upper-level Rossby wave patterns during Southern Hemisphere summer. In the experiments, soil moisture over Australia is set to ±1STD of an ERA-Interim reanalysis derived soil moisture reconstruction for the years 2009 to 2016 and 50 ensemble members are run. The local response is a positive heating anomaly in the dry simulations that results in a thermal low-like circulation anomaly with an anomalous surface low and upper-level anticyclone. Significant differences in convective rainfall over Australia are related to differences in convective instability and associated with changes in near surface moisture and moisture advection patterns. A circum-hemispheric flow response is identified both in the upper-level flow and in the surface storm tracks that overall resembles a positive Southern Annular Mode-like flow anomaly in the dry simulations. The structure of this atmospheric response strongly depends on the background flow. The results point to a modulation of the hemispheric flow response to the forcing over Australia by the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Significant changes of precipitation over the Maritime continent and South Africa are found and significant differences in the frequency of surface cyclones are present all along the storm tracks.
Impact of CYGNSS-Derived Winds on Tropical Cyclone Forecasts in a Global and Regional Model
Authors: Mueller Michael J. , Annane Bachir , Leidner S. Mark , Cucurull Lidia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn observing system experiment was conducted to assess the impact of wind products derived from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) on tropical cyclone track, maximum 10-m wind speed Vmax, and minimum sea level pressure forecasts. The experiment used a global data assimilation and forecast system, and the impact of both CYGNSS-derived scalar and vector wind retrievals was investigated. The CYGNSS-derived vector wind products were generated by optimally combining the scalar winds and a gridded a priori vector field. Additional tests investigated the impact of CYGNSS data on a regional model through the impact of lateral boundary and initial conditions from the global model during the developmental phase of Hurricane Michael (2018). In the global model, statistically significant track forecast improvements of 20–40 km were found in the first 60 h. The Vmax forecasts showed some significant degradations of ~2 kt at a few lead times, especially in the first 24 h. At most lead times, impacts were not statistically significant. Degradations in Vmax for Hurricane Michael in the global model were largely attributable to a failure of the CYGNSS-derived scalar wind test to produce rapid intensification in the forecast initialized at 0000 UTC 7 October. The storm in this test was notably less organized and symmetrical than in the control and CYGNSS-derived vector wind test. The regional model used initial and lateral boundary conditions from the global control and CYGNSS scalar wind tests. The regional forecasts showed large improvements in track, Vmax, and minimum sea level pressure.
Prevalence of dental disorders among people with mental illness: An umbrella review
Authors: Choi Jisu , Price Josh , Ryder Samuel , Siskind Dan , Solmi Marco , Kisely Steve 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Psychiatric patients have increased rates of comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease, especially decay, despite risk factors including lifestyle and psychotropic side effects such as xerostomia. We therefore undertook an umbrella review of all meta-analyses on the association between mental illness and oral health. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and CINAHL. Articles were independently assessed. Outcomes were caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and partial or total tooth loss (edentulism), measured where possible with standardised measures such as the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces. Quality was assessed in line with National Institutes of Health guidelines. Results: We identified 11 meta-analyses. The most information and strongest association was between dental decay and severe mental illness or substance use, as well as erosion and eating disorders. Depressive, anxiety and eating disorders were also associated with caries, but the datasets were small. People with severe mental illness had nearly three times the odds of having lost all their teeth than the general community (odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.73, 4.57]) and those with depression between 1.17 and 1.32. Findings for periodontal disease were more equivocal, possibly because of study heterogeneity. Conclusion: Mental health clinicians should screen for oral diseases when treating those with mental illness and facilitate referral to affordable dental clinics when indicated. Prevention should be a priority, including the promotion of dental care, as well as the management of xerostomia when psychopharmacologic agents are prescribed.
Co-location of Formal and Informal Manufacturing and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from India
Authors: Ramachandran Renjith , Sasidharan Subash 
Published: August 2021

This study analyses the impact of co-location between formal and informal manufacturing sectors on plant-level productivity. We employ a unique data obtained by merging plant-level data from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI 2011–2012) and Survey of Unorganised Manufacturing and Repairing Enterprises provided by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO 67th round). We find that formal and informal manufacturing plants gain from localisation. Further, co-location with informal enterprises has a positive impact on productivity of formal sector plants; however, we observe insignificant impact of co-location on informal sector enterprises. Additionally, we find evidence that informal sector enterprises benefit from industrially diversified regions. JEL Codes: D24, R12, R3
Transbronchial tuberculosis cavity plugging therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Han Junfeng , Yuan Long , Li Jianguo , Liang Chunbao , Zhang Dong , Mei Zaoxian 
Published: August 2021

Objective To investigate the effect of drug treatment combined with interventional cavity therapy for cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods One-hundred thirty patients who underwent transbronchial tuberculosis cavity plugging (TTCP) combined with drug therapy from 2012 to 2018 were selected as the observation group, and 130 patients with cavitary tuberculosis who underwent treatment with drugs only were selected as the control group. Changes in cavity size and sputum tests were compared between the two groups. In addition, adverse reactions were monitored. Results The number of cases with cavity closure was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group at different time points. The number and proportion of negative sputum samples in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The treatment success rate was 98.46% in the observation group and 92.3% in the control group. No recurrence was observed in the observation group, and 8.3% of cases in the control group showed recurrence. Conclusions TTCP for the treatment of cavity tuberculosis showed good outcomes, with limited side effects and minimal complications.
Work Time Matters for Mental Health: A Gender Analysis of Paid and Unpaid Labor in the United States
Authors: Piovani Chiara , Aydiner-Avsar Nursel 
Published: August 2021

Based on Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey data for 2013–14, this paper examines the association between work time (inclusive of both paid and unpaid work time) and the mental health outcomes of men and women in the United States, controlling for economic and social buffers, education, and demographic factors. In the United States, even though women constitute close to half of the paid labor force, they still perform the lion’s share of unpaid work. The findings indicate that total work time is positively related with emotional distress for women, while there is no statistically significant relationship for men. For women, the relationship between work time and mental health is primarily driven by unpaid work rather than paid work. Evaluating the relationship between mental health and both productive and reproductive work is critical to develop effective public policies toward gender equity and social well-being. JEL classification: I14, J16, J01
Predictors of functioning and clinical outcomes in inpatient with schizophrenia on clozapine augmented with antipsychotics
Authors: Mukherjee Hindol , Sazhin Vladimir 
Published: August 2021

Objective: We aimed at exploring predictors of improvement in clinical and functional outcomes of patients on clozapine with chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenia admitted into rehabilitation wards. Method In a cross-sectional study of 62 patients on clozapine augmented with oral and parenteral antipsychotics, predictors of HoNOS (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales) scores were analysed using ordinal logistic regression. Result: Augmentation with parenteral antipsychotics was associated with lower psychotic symptom scores (OR 0.38 [95%CI 0.15, 0.99]) and activity of daily living scores (OR 0.36 [95%CI, 0.13, 0.96]) compared with oral antipsychotics. Increased age was a predictor of behavioural disturbances, physical illness and cognitive problems for all clozapine patients, and female gender was associated with the increase in depression scores. Conclusion: The addition of parental antipsychotics to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia might have potential benefits for clinical and functional outcomes and needs a further investigation.
Nutrition Knowledge is Associated With the Consumption of Iron Rich Foods: A Survey Among Pregnant Women From a Rural District in Northern Ghana
Authors: Adjei-Banuah Nhyira Yaw , Aduah Victor Abugah , Ziblim Shamsu-Deen , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Amalba Anthony , Mogre Victor 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia is an international public health concern and pregnant women are at an increased risk. We investigated the consumption of iron rich foods and associated factors among pregnant women in a rural district from Ghana. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, dietary intake of iron rich foods was obtained from 252 pregnant women using a 24-hour recall food check list. Nutrition knowledge, attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics were also assessed. Findings: Participants had a mean (SD) knowledge score of 54.66 (22.74)%. About 73% of the participants had heard about iron-deficiency anaemia. Only 16.3% of the participants knew foods that help the body to absorb and use iron while 9.1% knew beverages that decrease iron absorption. About 71% of the participants ate fish and/or seafood while 67.1% of them ate green leafy vegetables. Only 4.4% of the participants ate organ meat, and 29% took flesh meat. Only 22.4% of the study participants usually drank coffee or tea while 78.2% ate vitamin C-rich foods. With regards to attitudes, 88.5% of the participants perceived anaemia to be a serious disease. Nutrition knowledge was significantly associated with the consumption of iron rich foods (β = .02; 95% CI = 0.01-0.02). Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge may be an important determinant of the consumption of iron rich foods among pregnant women making it necessary for healthcare providers to continue to provide nutrition education to pregnant women during routine antenatal care.