bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Drive-Through Testing for COVID-19 With Community Paramedics
Authors: Constantine S. Tyler , Callaway David , Driscoll Jeremy N. , Murphy Stephanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:In this manuscript, we discuss the implementation and deployment of mobile integrated health and community paramedicine (MIH/CP) testing sites to provide screening, testing, and community outreach during the first months of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the metropolitan region of Charlotte, North Carolina. This program addresses the need for an agile testing strategy during the current pandemic. We disclose the number of patients evaluated as “persons under investigation” and the proportion with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) results from these sites. We describe how the programs were applied to patient care and include considerations on how additional staffing, scalability, and flexibility of these services may be applied to future patient and health care crises.Methods:This is a descriptive report of the implementation of MIH/CP test sites in our health care system’s early response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Retrospective data on the number of patients and their associated demographics are reported here as raw data. No statistical analysis was performed.Results:Between March 15, 2020, and April 15, 2020, our 6 MIH/CP test sites evaluated 4342 patients. Of these, 401 patients (9.2%) had positive test results, 62.8% of whom were women. The estimated duration of each patient encounter under investigation was 3 to 5 minutes. The paramedics were able to perform a brief history, specific physical examination, and screening for signs of hypoxemic respiratory failure. There were no cases of accidental exposure or failure of personal protective equipment for the MIH/CP paramedics.Conclusions:In our health care system, we pivoted the traditional MIH/CP model to rapidly initiate remote drive-through testing for COVID-19 in pre-screened individuals. This model allowed us to test patients with suspected COVID-19 patients away from traditional health care sites and mitigate exposure to health care workers and other patients.
Exploration of Association Between Respiratory Vaccinations With Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Hassan Alan Bapeer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Respiratory disease vaccines may affect coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - associated infection and mortality rates due to vaccine nonspecific effects against viral infections. We compared the infection and mortality rates in relation to COVID-19 between countries with and without universal respiratory disease vaccine policies.

Methods:
In this ecological study, 186 countries with COVID-19 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included.

Results:
The study found that countries with universal BCG (bacillus Calmette Guérin) vaccine had significantly lower total infection and mortality rates, 0.2979 and 0.0077 versus 3.7445, and 0.0957/1000 people and confirmed cases (P < 0.001). The countries with universal pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), including PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3 vaccines, had significantly higher total mortality, 0.0111 versus 0.0080, respectively (P = 0.032). Higher income was associated with increasing total infection and mortality rates. Whereas, BCG vaccination was associated with a lower total mortality rate only (P = 0.030). The high-income countries were more likely to not receive universal BCG and receive second dose of meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV2) and third dose of PCV3 vaccination coverage. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates increased with increasing years of the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (P = 0.026) and pneumococcal conjugate third dose (PCV3).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that BCG vaccination could reduce the infection caused by COVID-19, and MCV2 vaccine years increases the total infection rate. This study identified high economic characteristics and not having universal BCG coverage as the independent risk factors of mortality by multivariate analysis.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Weight, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of Jordanian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Al Hourani Huda , Alkhatib Buthaina , Abdullah Mai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:The lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic affects lifestyle patterns globally and impacts children and adolescents. This study aims to assess the effect of the lockdown on body weight, eating habits, and physical activity of Jordanian youth (children and adolescents).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 477 Jordanian children and adolescents aged 6-17 y. The study tool was a structured validated questionnaire. It comprised 4 parts, including a general description of the study purpose, sociodemographic and anthropometric data, physical activity data, and food intake pattern. Questions were reported before and during lockdown. Changes in outcomes over the 2 study time points were evaluated.Results:After the lockdown period, the mean body weight and body mass index for age Z-scores (BAZ) showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) compared with before the lockdown period. More than 50% of the subjects reported that they spent more than 3 h in front of the screen during the lockdown. The percent of subjects who watched TV for more than 3h was increased. Moreover, physical inactivity was increased significantly during the lockdown. All food groups consumption was significantly increased during the lockdown compared to before the lockdown.Conclusions:COVID-19 lockdown period was characterized by an increase in the use of screen-based devices, lower physical activity, uncontrolled food intake, and weight gain.
Lessons Learned From an Analysis of the Emergency Medical Services’ COVID-19 Drive-Through Testing Facilities in Israel
Authors: Zmora Itay , Alpert Evan Avraham , Shacham Uri , Mishraki Nisim , Jaffe Eli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne strategy for the containment of a pandemic is mass testing. Magen David Adom (MDA), the Israeli National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Organization undertook this mission by operating a nationwide series of drive-through testing complexes. The objective of this study is to learn lessons from an analysis of these centers. Data from 198 stationary and mobile drive-through complexes from March 20, 2020, through October 17, 2020, were analyzed for temporal and geographic factors, and cost. Also, an operational improvement program was implemented and analyzed. A total of 931,074 patients were sampled in the MDA drive-through system: 46.9% in stationary complexes, and 53.1% in mobile complexes. The optimized cost per patient of home testing was estimated at 74.5 USD compared with 6.55 USD in the drive-through centers. An operational improvement program lowered the total sampling time from 128 s/patient to 98 s and decreased the total cost per patient from 6.55 USD to 6.27 USD. The EMS led drive-through complexes were cost-effective and efficient in performing large numbers of viral tests, especially when compared with home testing. Established concepts in clinical operations should be implemented to increase the number of persons that can be tested and decrease cost.
NS SATURATED AND -DEFINABLE
Authors: HOFFELNER STEFAN 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that under the assumption of the existence of the canonical inner model with one Woodin cardinal$M_1$, there is a model of$\mathsf {ZFC}$in which$\mbox {NS}_{\omega _{1}}$is$\aleph _2$-saturated and${\Delta }_{1}$-definable with$\omega _1$as a parameter which answers a question of S. D. Friedman and L. Wu. We also show that starting from an arbitrary universe with a Woodin cardinal, there is a model with$\mbox {NS}_{\omega _{1}}$saturated and${\Delta }_{1}$-definable with a ladder system$\vec {C}$and a full Suslin treeTas parameters. Both results rely on a new coding technique whose presentation is the main goal of this article .
The potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing adult weight loss: a scoping review
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Ang Wei How Darryl , Lau Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:To present an overview of how artificial intelligence (AI) could be used to regulate eating and dietary behaviours, exercise behaviours and weight loss.Design:A scoping review of global literature published from inception to 15 December 2020 was conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step framework. Eight databases (CINAHL, Cochrane–Central, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched. Included studies were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers with good interrater reliability (k= 0·96).Results:Sixty-six out of 5573 potential studies were included, representing more than 2031 participants. Three tenets of self-regulation were identified –self-monitoring(n66, 100 %),optimisation of goal setting(n10, 15·2 %) andself-control(n10, 15·2 %). Articles were also categorised into three AI applications, namelymachine perception(n50),predictive analytics only(n6) andreal-time analytics with personalised micro-interventions(n10). Machine perception focused on recognising food items, eating behaviours, physical activities and estimating energy balance. Predictive analytics focused on predicting weight loss, intervention adherence, dietary lapses and emotional eating. Studies on the last theme focused on evaluating AI-assisted weight management interventions that instantaneously collected behavioural data, optimised prediction models for behavioural lapse events and enhance behavioural self-control through adaptive and personalised nudges/prompts. Only six studies reported average weight losses (2·4–4·7 %) of which two were statistically significant.Conclusion:The use of AI for weight loss is still undeveloped. Based on the current study findings, we proposed a framework on the applicability of AI for weight loss but cautioned its contingency upon engagement and contextualisation.
Interpersonal Closeness Impairs Decision Memory
Authors: Uğurlar Pınar , Posten Ann-Christin , Zürn Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We hypothesized that self-other confusion as a result of interpersonal closeness impairs people’s memory of their own decisions. Four studies (min N = 352) tested whether closeness affects memory in cooperative decisions. Participants played trust games in which they entrusted resources to another person and then had to recall their own decisions. Study 1 showed that people with an independent self-construal recalled their decisions more accurately, suggesting that less self-other overlap results in higher accuracy. Studies 2–4 showed that people made more recall errors when they played the trust game with a close in comparison with a distant partner. The findings suggest that interpersonal closeness impairs people’s memory of cooperative decisions.
Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Roadside Soils
Authors: Negahban Saeed , Mokarram Marzieh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study seeks to both estimate and analyze the rate of heavy metal changes in soils of road margins affected by the traffic on Fasa‐Darab Road, Iran. Muller index, contamination factor (CF), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated to determine the contamination rate. Principal component analysis was also employed to determine the most relevant parameters affecting the PERI. The maximum amount of heavy metal contamination (2.5 mg/kg) occurred at the nearest road distance, that is, 2 m. The results of theIgeoshow that these elements are naturally present in the soil, albeit anthropogenic activity caused an increase in the concentration of these metals in soil. Results of the CF index showed that Ni, Cu, and Zn values were less than 1, indicative of low contamination, whereas Pb contamination, with values ranging from 3 to 6 was indicative of high pollution. The PLI results for the most polluted stations showed that stations 14 and 23 were classified as very high contamination and other stations as uncontaminated. The results of clustering data showed that the data were in two pollution classes. As maintained by the findings, the first component contributed to 44.98% of the changes and included the Cd, CFCd, RI, andIgeo(Cd)parameters, while the second component represented 27.83% of the changes, containing parameters Pb,Igeo(Pb), and CFPb. Therefore, Pb and Cd are the most relevant parameters in the analysis of PERI within the study area.
Children With Cortical Visual Impairment and Complex Communication Needs: Identifying Gaps Between Needs and Current Practice
Authors: Blackstone Sarah W. , Luo Fei , Canchola Jesse , Wilkinson Krista M. , Roman-Lantzy Christine 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis scoping study sought to establish a baseline for how well the needs of children with cortical visual impairment (CVI) who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are currently aligned with the services available to them. CVI is the most common cause of visual impairment in children today, and AAC methods rely heavily on vision. Yet, the prevalence of CVI in children who use AAC methods is not yet known, and there is virtually no research concerning use of AAC with children with CVI. Our overarching goals were to identify barriers and suggest priorities for improving outcomes for these children.MethodSurveys were distributed anonymously online to professionals from multiple disciplines in different school-based settings and to parents of children with CVI who use AAC.ResultsSchool-based professionals identified many barriers, including a lack of knowledge and skills about CVI and about AAC, limited access to training and experts, and concerns about services being delivered in isolated silos with limited time allotted for interprofessional collaboration and planning. Parent reported that their children (Mage= 11 years) continued to rely predominantly on body-based forms of communication and lacked access to symbolic language, which, in AAC, is primarily visually based.ConclusionsThe barriers to services identified by school-based professionals indicate a need to develop and disseminate reliable information about CVI and AAC, both at a preservice and in-service level and, while doing so, to respect the diversity of stakeholders who need this information, including parents. Future research on what types of AAC approaches support the development of language and communication skills for children with CVI is essential.
Inferring possible magnetic field strength of accreting inflows in EXor-type objects from scaled laboratory experiments
Authors: Burdonov K. , Bonito R. , Giannini T. , Aidakina N. , Argiroffi C. , Béard J. , Chen S. N. , Ciardi A. , Ginzburg V. , Gubskiy K. , Gundorin V. , Gushchin M. , Kochetkov A. , Korobkov S. , Kuzmin A. , Kuznetsov A. , Pikuz S. , Revet G. , Ryazantsev S. , Shaykin A. , Shaykin I. , Soloviev A. , Starodubtsev M. , Strikovskiy A. , Yao W. , Yakovlev I. , Zemskov R. , Zudin I. , Khazanov E. , Orlando S. , Fuchs J. 
Published: February 2021

Aims. EXor-type objects are protostars that display powerful UV-optical outbursts caused by intermittent and powerful events of magnetospheric accretion. These objects are not yet well investigated and are quite difficult to characterize. Several parameters, such as plasma stream velocities, characteristic densities, and temperatures, can be retrieved from present observations. As of yet, however, there is no information about the magnetic field values and the exact underlying accretion scenario is also under discussion.
Methods. We use laboratory plasmas, created by a high power laser impacting a solid target or by a plasma gun injector, and make these plasmas propagate perpendicularly to a strong external magnetic field. The propagating plasmas are found to be well scaled to the presently inferred parameters of EXor-type accretion event, thus allowing us to study the behaviour of such episodic accretion processes in scaled conditions.
Results. We propose a scenario of additional matter accretion in the equatorial plane, which claims to explain the increased accretion rates of the EXor objects, supported by the experimental demonstration of effective plasma propagation across the magnetic field. In particular, our laboratory investigation allows us to determine that the field strength in the accretion stream of EXor objects, in a position intermediate between the truncation radius and the stellar surface, should be of the order of 100 G. This, in turn, suggests a field strength of a few kilogausses on the stellar surface, which is similar to values inferred from observations of classical T Tauri stars.
L’anémone de merNematostella vectensis
Authors: Amiel Aldine R. , Michel Vincent , Carvalho João E. , Shkreli Marina , Petit Christine , Röttinger Eric 
Published: February 2021

Nematostella, petite anémone de mer, possède de fascinantes propriétés, telles que la régénération du corps entier, l’absence de signes de vieillissement et d’affections liées à l’âge comme, par exemple, le développement de cancers. Elle se cultive aisément et se reproduit en laboratoire. Malgré son aspect « simple », cet invertébré marin de l’embranchement des cnidaires partage avec les vertébrés des caractéristiques non seulement morphologiques, mais également génomiques. La communauté scientifique développe aujourd’hui une variété d’outils de génomique fonctionnelle permettant l’utilisation de cet animal de façon intégrative dans le domaine de la médecine régénérative, de la longévité et des maladies mécano-sensorielles. Son étude se présente comme particulièrement prometteuse pour faire progresser la connaissance dans ces différents domaines, offrant des possibilités expérimentales qui font défaut dans les modèles animaux classiques.
Parasitellus fucorum im Gemüll von Apis mellifera – Gefahr der Verwechslung mit Tropilaelaps spp.
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute , Christian Axel 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Befall mit Tropilaelaps-Milben ist eine die Bienenbrut schädigende Krankheit und unterliegt bei Apis mellifera der Anzeigepflicht. Trotz des hohen Einschleppungsrisikos ist diese Tierseuche bislang noch nicht in Europa präsent. Um eine Einschleppung und Verbreitung zu verhindern, müssen Milben in Tropilaelaps-Größe im Gemüll oder in der verdeckelten Bienenbrut erkannt und unverzüglich identifiziert werden. Im vorliegenden Fall wurde mit Parasitellus fucorum eine weitere Milbenart im Gemüll von Apis mellifera festgestellt, die ein Verwechslungspotenzial zu Tropilaelaps spp. besitzt.
Ethisch vertretbare Tierhaltung – Von der Notwendigkeit neue Wege zu gehen
Authors: Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia , Spielberger Uli 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEier- und Geflügelfleisch werden aktuell weltweit mit genetisch stark eingeschränkten, hochspezialisierten Hybridzuchtlinien produziert. Das hat zur fast vollständigen Konzernabhängigkeit sowohl der konventionellen als auch der meisten Bio-Betriebe geführt. Die einseitige Zucht auf Höchstleistung ist aus ethischer Sicht ein Irrweg. Sie beeinträchtigt die Gesundheit der Tiere und bedingt das Töten von Millionen Küken. Dies ist weder mit geltenden tierschutzrechtlichen Bestimmungen noch mit dem Wertekanon der Bio-Branche vereinbar. Einen Ausweg aus der Misere böte der Einsatz moderner Zweinutzungshühner, bei denen Legeleistung und Fleischansatz ohne Hochleistung harmonisch kombiniert sind. Dieses Ziel ist jedoch nur durch grundlegende Änderungen bei der Zucht und Haltung von Hühnern zu erreichen. Zudem bedarf es der Unterstützung durch die Politik und durch die Verbraucher.
Zeckenalarm – Welche Strategie bietet zuverlässigen Schutz?
Authors: Eissing Nathalie , Bolbecher Gisela , Kübler Heidi , von Bremen Dörte , Schönenstein Judith 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund möglicher Nebenwirkungen und Spätfolgen chemischer Insektizide und Akarizide wie auch der damit verbundenen Rückstandsproblematik steigt die Nachfrage nach natürlichen Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Zecken. Unterschieden wird dabei zwischen Mitteln zur innerlichen und zur äußerlichen Anwendung. Innerlich angewandt werden können B-Vitamine (Bierhefe), Knoblauch und Zistrose. Sowohl innerlich wie auch äußerlich kommen Kokos- und Schwarzkümmelöl zum Einsatz. Äußerlich angewandt gibt es physikalische Maßnahmen in Form von Bernsteinketten, speziellen Anhängern und Babypuder bzw. Kieselgur und Präparate auf der Basis von natürlichem Pyrethrum und unterschiedlichen ätherischen Ölen. Unterstützend im Sinne eines ganzheitlichen Behandlungsansatzes wirken die Herstellung und Anwendung einer Zecken-Nosode und die Bioresonanztherapie.
Platelet Shape Changes during Thrombus Formation: Role of Actin-Based Protrusions
Authors: Bender Markus , Palankar Raghavendra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlatelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit blood loss at sites of vascular injury but may also lead to occlusion of diseased vessels. The platelet cytoskeleton is a critical component for proper hemostatic function. Platelets change their shape after activation and their contractile machinery mediates thrombus stabilization and clot retraction. In vitro studies have shown that platelets, which come into contact with proteins such as fibrinogen, spread and first form filopodia and then lamellipodia, the latter being plate-like protrusions with branched actin filaments. However, the role of platelet lamellipodia in hemostasis and thrombus formation has been unclear until recently. This short review will briefly summarize the recent findings on the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodial structures to platelet function.
Glomus tumors of the upper extremity
Authors: Çevik Hüseyin Bilgehan , Çiçek Çagla Amutkan , Kayahan Sibel , Gümüstas Seyit Ali , Filinte Gaye Taylan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Glomus tumors are uncommon and painful benign perivascular neoplasms. They usually occur in the subungual region of phalanx, and present with a classic clinical triad of localized tenderness, cold hypersensitivity, and excruciating paroxysmal pain. The aim of this study was to review 45 cases of glomus tumor according to the clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics, and the clinical and functional outcomes of surgical treatment.
Materials and methods A retrospective review was made of 45 glomus tumors of the upper extremity operated on between June 2005 and January 2019. Data were collected of demographic characteristics and the diagnostic, immunohistochemical, therapeutic and postoperative clinical findings.
Results The patients comprised 69 % females and 31 % males with a median age of 41 years at the time of surgery. The most commonly affected anatomic location was the digits (87 %). Of the 39 cases with an affected digit, there was a predominance of the middle finger in 28 % and the peri-subungual area in 51 %. There was no recurrence or need for secondary surgical intervention in any patient in this study. The mean QuickDASH score was 1.47 at mean 66 months follow-up.
Conclusions Glomus tumor, which is usually seen in the middle finger of middle-aged women, presents with excruciating paroxysmal pain out of proportion to the tumor size. The long-term outcomes after surgical loupe-assisted surgery with a transungual approach were seen to be good, without local recurrence and an acceptable rate of postoperative nail dystrophy.