bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis carcinogenic to humans?
Authors: Roy Deodutta , Ehtesham Nasreen Z. , Hasnain Seyed Ehtesham 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe highlight the ability of the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to induce key characteristics that are associated with established IARC classified Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogenic agents. There is sufficient evidence from epidemiological case‐control, cohort and meta‐analysis studies of increased lung cancer (LC) risk in pre‐existing/active/old TB cases. Similar to carcinogens and other pathogenic infectious agents, exposure to aerosol‐containing Mtb sprays in mice produce malignant transformation of cells that result in squamous cell carcinoma. Convincing, mechanistic data show several characteristics shared between TB and LC which include chronic inflammation, genomic instability and replicative immortality, just to name a few cancer hallmarks. These hallmarks of cancer may serve as precursors to malignant transformation. Together, these findings form the basis of our postulate that Mtb is a complete human pulmonary carcinogen. We also discuss how Mtb may act as both an initiating agent and promoter of tumor growth. Forthcoming experimental studies will not only serve as proof‐of‐concept but will also pivot our understanding of how to manage/treat TB cases as well as offer solutions to clinical conundrums of TB lesions masquerading as tumors. Clinical validation of our concept may also help pave the way for next generation personalized medicine for the management of pulmonary TB/cancer particularly for cases that are not responding well to conventional chemotherapy or TB drugs.
Metformin and leucine increase satellite cells and collagen remodeling during disuse and recovery in aged muscle
Authors: Petrocelli Jonathan J. , Mahmassani Ziad S. , Fix Dennis K. , Montgomery Jessie A. , Reidy Paul T. , McKenzie Alec I. , de Hart Naomi M. , Ferrara Patrick J. , Kelley Joshua J. , Eshima Hiroaki , Funai Katsuhiko , Drummond Micah J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLoss of muscle mass and strength after disuse followed by impaired muscle recovery commonly occurs with aging. Metformin (MET) and leucine (LEU) individually have shown positive effects in skeletal muscle during atrophy conditions but have not been evaluated in combination nor tested as a remedy to enhance muscle recovery following disuse atrophy in aging. The purpose of this study was to determine if a dual treatment of metformin and leucine (MET + LEU) would prevent disuse‐induced atrophy and/or promote muscle recovery in aged mice and if these muscle responses correspond to changes in satellite cells and collagen remodeling. Aged mice (22–24 months) underwent 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU) followed by 7 or 14 days of reloading (7 or 14 days RL). MET, LEU, or MET + LEU was administered via drinking water and were compared to Vehicle (standard drinking water) and ambulatory baseline. We observed that during HU, MET + LEU resolved whole body grip strength and soleus muscle specific force decrements caused by HU. Gastrocnemius satellite cell abundance was increased with MET + LEU treatment but did not alter muscle size during disuse or recovery conditions. Moreover, MET + LEU treatment alleviated gastrocnemius collagen accumulation caused by HU and increased collagen turnover during 7 and 14 days RL driven by a decrease in collagen IV content. Transcriptional pathway analysis revealed that MET + LEU altered muscle hallmark pathways related to inflammation and myogenesis during HU. Together, the dual treatment of MET and LEU was able to increase muscle function, satellite cell content, and reduce collagen accumulation, thus improving muscle quality during disuse and recovery in aging.
Prevention and Management of Pseudoverrucous Lesions: A Review and Case Scenarios
Authors: Brogna Luanne 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Pseudoverrucous lesions are a late peristomal complication that occurs most commonly in people with urinary stomas. Impairment of the peristomal skin can result in pouching system leaks that can translate into odor, embarrassment, and diminished quality of life. Prevention is key to maintaining smooth, dry skin and intact psyche. Treatment revolves around outpatient postoperative follow-up, refitting the pouching system to eliminate moisture impacting the peristomal area, modification of pouching system wear time, acidification of the urine, and intensive education. This review includes three case scenarios to support early, intermediate, and late-stage intervention guidelines. Some interventions were successful; one case remains unresolved.

GENERAL PURPOSE
To present the associated risk factors, prevention measures, and assessment and management of pseudoverrucous lesions specific to a surgically created ileal conduit, as well as three clinical scenarios illustrating this condition.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Define pseudoverrucous lesions.
2. Identify the risk factors for stoma complications such as pseudoverrucous lesions.
3. Select the appropriate routine care procedures to teach patients following stoma creation to help prevent pseudoverrucous lesions.
4. Choose the recommended treatment options for patients who develop pseudoverrucous lesions.
Pressure-Measuring Devices for Compression Therapy in Venous Leg Ulcers: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kruanopparat Rungphet 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the evolution of pressure-measuring devices used in compression treatment for venous leg ulcers and assess the most practical and effective devices to determine optimal pressure in compression therapy.

DATA SOURCES
Relevant information was retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online, and ScienceDirect without publication date restrictions. The keywords included venous leg ulcer, compression therapy, pressure measuring device, pressure sensor, and wireless system.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies included in the review had to be published in English and discuss or compare pressure-measuring devices/sensors for compression therapy, the development of alternative sensors, and the applications of wireless technologies. Veterinary studies, conference proceedings, and unpublished articles were excluded. Applicable studies and articles were critically evaluated and synthesized.

DATA EXTRACTION
After abstract review, 39 studies were identified. During full-text review, study details were collected using a data extraction form and organized into tables. Device attributes, accuracy, price, and limitations were categorized and analyzed.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Studies disagree on the effectiveness and user-friendliness of existing pressure-measuring devices. These devices often impact user comfort and convenience, which are crucial factors in the adoption and use of wearable devices. Potential solutions for pressure-measuring devices with promising technologies were proposed: four feasible alternative sensors are described that could improve comfort and facilitate prolonged use under bandages. Advanced communication technologies may provide more convenience for users and practitioners.

CONCLUSIONS
Conventional pressure-measuring devices used in compression therapy are not designed for the user’s comfort and convenience. The use of flexible and stretchy pressure sensors (e-skin) provides good biocompatibility, conformability, and comfort and when integrated with near-field communication technology could address the drawbacks of current pressure-measuring devices.
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Tophi Wounds Caused by Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a: A Rare Case
Authors: Wei Min , Li Jian , Xia Dongyun , Zhou Shaojing , Shen Shanmei , Wen Siyuan , Zhao Guanchun 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies in glycogen catabolism. The more common type, GSD type Ia, is caused by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and often complicated by gout from hyperuricemia. Here, the authors report a rare case of a tophi wound caused by GSD type Ia in a Chinese patient. Difficulties in this case included the control of abnormal blood markers, especially uric acid; removal of tophi deposited in the tissues; restoration of hand function after wound healing; and patient adherence to treatment and follow-up. A multidisciplinary team was set up consisting of experts from the authors’ wound care center and the departments of endocrinology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation. The wound healed in 53 days and was followed up for about 7 months. During follow-up, the patient’s hand function returned to normal, and no new tophi formed. Because GSDs are a congenital lifelong condition, regular follow-ups are especially important.
The Benefits and Harms of Cleansing for Acute Traumatic Wounds: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wynn Matthew 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Acute traumatic wound cleansing is currently a controversial issue demonstrated by the variability in solutions and techniques used to clean wounds in clinical practice. Although there is evidence of improved infection outcomes in wounds cleansed with antiseptics, these observations are often undermined by concurrent use of antibiotics in addition to poor study design. Cleansing techniques including pressurized irrigation have also been investigated indicating potential harms such as edema and inconsistencies in irrigation pressures. The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review on the contemporary evidence indicating the potential harms and benefits of wound cleansing in the context of acute traumatic wounds.
This literature review reveals that acute wound cleansing in clinical practice remains heavily dependent on tradition rather than robust clinical evidence. The evidence base remains limited because of methodological and pragmatic issues in obtaining definitive data on the efficacy of specific agents and techniques. Future studies should focus on establishing the relative benefits of different cleansing solutions and techniques. Establishing the most effective use of antiseptic cleansing solutions may also help reduce further antimicrobial resistance as observed in recent studies. Clinicians responsible for cleansing wounds must consider patient preference when deciding which solution and techniques are used. In addition, a risk assessment considering the potential harms and benefits of different solutions and techniques must be performed.
Distal Radius Fractures and the Dorsal Spanning Plate in the Management of the Polytraumatized Patient
Authors: Golden Ann S. , Kapilow Jaclyn M. 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Distal radius fractures are some of the most common fractures treated by the orthopaedic surgeon. There are a variety of methods of fixation to treat these fractures; however, in patients with polytrauma and in high-energy fracture patterns, fixation options can be limited. In the past, these fractures were treated with plaster, Kirschner wires, or external fixators that were fraught with complications. The dorsal spanning plate is an excellent option in the treatment of high-energy fractures and patients with polytrauma, fractures with dorsal or volar comminution, fracture dislocations, and shear injuries, and in geriatric patients with poor bone quality. The dorsal spanning plate not only allows for fixation of these complex fractures but also allows for weight-bearing through the wrist, an advantage for patients with concomitant lower extremity fractures and geriatric patients who need mobility aides. Understanding the risks and benefits of dorsal spanning plates and their use for the treatment of polytraumatized patient is a vital base of knowledge for the orthopaedic traumatologist.
Avoiding Complications in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Bates Taylor J. , Plucknette Benjamin F. 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Managing fractures of the distal radius is a fundamental skill for orthopaedic surgeons. Given the prevalence of these fractures, complications following operative management are well described and frequently encountered. Surgeons should be observant in the acute phase for emergent conditions such as acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Careful radiographic examination intra-operatively can help prevent delayed complications by identifying surgical errors such as hardware malposition or malreduction. Many problems that arise during the treatment of distal radius fractures are the result of technical errors and can be anticipated.
Distal Radius Fractures: Recognizing and Treating Complex Fracture Patterns
Authors: Lubbe Ryan J. , Kokmeyer Daniel T. , Young Colby P. 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Volar fixed-angle plate fixation is a commonly used treatment modality for distal radius fractures. However, not all fracture patterns are amenable to this type of fixation strategy. In this article, we review pertinent anatomy and radiographic landmarks that together highlight key differences when considering treatment strategies for complex distal radius fractures.
Plasma Exchange in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Nusshag Christian , Morath Christian , Speer Claudius , Kaelble Florian , Zeier Martin , Boxberger Monica , Schulze-Schleithoff Elisa , Fiedler Mascha O. , Weigand Markus A. , Merle Uta 
Published: August 2021

IMPORTANCE:
Recent evidence suggests a multilevel inflammatory syndrome as a driving factor in some of the most severely ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients with overlapping features to other hyperinflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, plasma exchange is considered as potential therapy in these patients.

OBJECTIVES:
We characterize the longitudinal therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of plasma exchange in critically ill patients with clinical and laboratory evidences of coronavirus disease 2019–related immunopathology.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
A retropsective case-control study of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with plasma exchange at Heidelberg University Hospital between March and December 2020. Plasma exchange–treated patients were compared with coronavirus disease 2019 patients on standard therapy matched for age, gender, disease severity, and features of hyperinflammatory syndrome.

MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES:
Mortality rate and course of clinical and laboratory parameters in response to plasma exchange were assessed in coronavirus disease 2019 patients and in patients on standard care. A plasma volume of 50 mL per kg body weight or a maximum of 4 L was exchanged.

RESULTS:
In total, 28 critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients were treated with a median of three plasma exchange procedures per patient. No relevant complications occurred during plasma exchange therapy. Inflammatory and biochemical markers of end-organ damage and endothelial activation were significantly reduced following plasma exchange together with normalization of body temperature, improved pulmonary function, and reduced vasopressor demand. Most importantly, these improvements were maintained after the last plasma exchange. In contrast, no such effects were observed in the control group, although baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were comparable. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed improved 30-day survival in the plasma exchange group compared with the control group (67.9% vs 42.9%; p = 0.044). In a multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio for death was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.11–0.68; p = 0.005) with plasma exchange versus standard care.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Our data provide further evidence for plasma exchange as a novel therapeutic strategy in a subset of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients by potentially reversing the complex coronavirus disease 2019 immunopathology. Randomized controlled trials are underway to confirm these positive results.
Antenatal Antidepressant Prescription Associated With Reduced Fetal Femur Length but Not Estimated Fetal Weight
Authors: Schoretsanitis Georgios , Carlini Sara V. , John Majnu , Kane John M. , Deligiannidis Kristina M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed medications during pregnancy and may affect fetal weight. Associations between antenatal antidepressant use and ultrasonographic measures of fetal development have rarely been examined. We hypothesized that the prescription of an antenatal antidepressant would be associated with lower estimated fetal weight (EFW).

Methods/Procedures
A retrospective analysis of routine ultrasonographic data extracted from electronic medical records was performed on a cohort of pregnant women with psychiatric diagnoses and grouped according to the presence of an antenatal antidepressant prescription (n = 32 antidepressant-prescribed and n = 44 antidepressant prescription-free). After stratifying for gestational age, comparisons included 13 ultrasonographic parameters, frequency of oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios and growth deceleration, and maternal serum protein markers assessed per routine care, including α-fetoprotein, free β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol levels, using t tests, nonparametric and Fisher tests, and effect sizes (ESs) were computed.

Findings/Results
No statistically significant EFW differences between groups at any time point were detected (P > 0.05). Antenatal antidepressant prescription was associated with lower femur length at weeks 33 to 40 (P = 0.046, ES = 0.75) and greater left ventricular diameter at weeks 25 to 32 (P = 0.04, ES = 1.18). No differences for frequency of oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios or growth deceleration were observed (P > 0.05). We did not detect group differences for maternal proteins (P > 0.05).

Implications/Conclusions
Our evidence suggested a lack of association between antenatal antidepressant prescription and lower EFW but indicated an association with lower femur length and greater left ventricular diameter in mid-late gestation. Future research should examine the clinical implications of these findings.
Opposite Roles for Cannabidiol and δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Psychotomimetic Effects of Cannabis Extracts
Authors: Sainz-Cort Alberto , Jimenez-Garrido Daniel , Muñoz-Marron Elena , Viejo-Sobera Raquel , Heeroma Joost , Bouso Jose Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Although δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main cannabinoid from the cannabis plant, is responsible for the psychotomimetic effects of cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), the second most abundant cannabinoid in the cannabis plant, does not show any psychotomimetic effect. Cannabidiol has even been proposed to be antipsychotic and to counteract some of the psychotomimetic effects of THC. The aim of this study was to test the potential antipsychotomimetic effects of CBD.

Method
Eighteen members from a cannabis social club were tested for subjective and psychotomimetic effects under the effects of different full-spectrum cannabis extracts containing either THC, CBD, THC + CBD, or placebo in a naturalistic, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study.

Results
Results showed that participants under the effects of THC + CBD showed lower psychotomimetic scores in subjective scales when compared with THC alone. Subjective scores were lower under the effects of CBD and placebo when compared with THC + CBD. Cannabidiol and placebo did not show any psychotomimetic effect.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for both the psychotomimetic effects of THC and the antipsychotomimetic effects of CBD when it is coadministered with THC in real-world situations, which can be very relevant for the clinical practice of medical cannabis. Ultimately, this study substantiates the link between the endocannabinoid system and psychotic-like symptoms and has important implications for the understanding of schizophrenia and the therapeutic potential of CBD as an antipsychotic. Lastly, we demonstrate how reliable methodologies can be implemented in real situations to collect valid ecological evidence outside classic laboratory settings.
Improving Outcomes for Work-Related Concussions
Authors: LeGoff Daniel B. , Wright Roslyn , Lazarovic Jacob , Kofeldt Miranda , Peters Aimee 
Published: August 2021

Objective:This study assessed the efficacy of a neurocognitive screening evaluation and brief therapy model to improve RTW outcomes for workers who experienced mild head injuries.Methods:Patients referred were evaluated using a neurocognitive and psychological screening battery. Work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy was provided when appropriate, addressing the role of negative emotional adjustment and functional sleep disturbance in prolonging recovery.Results:Average time to RTW was 7 weeks post-evaluation, despite workers being off an average of 10 months between injury and referral dates. Overall, 99% were released to full-duty work without restrictions or accommodations.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the favorable outcomes achieved via a structured, clinically driven program for workers who experience head-involved injuries, validating previous research on the importance of recognizing the role of psychological factors in prolonging concussion recovery.
COVID-19 Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Sample of Community Health Center Employees in New York State
Authors: Nolon Anne Kauffman , Ryvicker Miriam , Glassberg Hope , Dubois Allison , Oluwasanmi Oluwatomi , Steier Jessica 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To document COVID-19 sero-prevalence, prior testing, symptom experiences, and risk factors in a sample of community health center (CHC) workers.

Methods:
Descriptive statistics and log-binomial regression were used to analyze an electronic employee survey linked with COVID-19 antibody results. The sample included 378 employees who completed the survey; 325 had complete lab data.

Results:
The sero-positivity rate was 15.4%. One third of sero-positive participants had no previous COVID-19 symptoms or were unsure. Working on-site only and/or with direct patient contact was not associated with sero-positivity. Employees in their 20s were more likely to test positive than employees ages 50+, controlling for sex, race, and region (PR = 2.96; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
With CHCs central to COVID-19 response and vaccination efforts, public health messaging should remind CHC workers, especially younger employees, of their risks of community-based exposure.
Developing a Competency Framework of Interprofessional Occupational Health Team
Authors: Keshmiri Fatemeh , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The present study aimed to develop a competency framework for interprofessional collaboration in an occupational health team.

Methods:
This study was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the viewpoints of different stakeholders on the essential competencies of interprofessional team members in occupational health services (OHS) were assessed. In the second stage, extracted codes were converted into competencies in expert panels. After that, the extracted items were categorized by inductive content analysis approach into competency framework. In the third stage, the content validity of interprofessional competencies in OHS was evaluated.

Results:
The competency framework was finalized in six competency domains including prevention, occupational disease management, occupational health assessments, inter-disciplinary and interprofessional collaboration, education, and evidence-based practice and professionalism.

Conclusion:
The framework could be developed in interprofessional education in OHS based on competency-based education approach.