bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities for Incremental and Radical Innovation in Knowledge‐Intensive Businesses
Authors: Sheehan Maura , Garavan Thomas N. , Morley Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe theorize and test the impact of two microfoundations of dynamic capabilities on incremental and radical innovation in knowledge‐intensive businesses (KIBs). We argue that numerical flexibility and training, as human resources (HR) microfoundations that enable the configuration and deployment of resources, have different implications for incremental and radical innovation. Furthermore, we contend that those KIBs that make significant use of numerical flexibility will invest less in training, thus impacting innovation outcomes. We test our arguments using an original, longitudinal dyadic dataset assembled from 1750 structured interviews conducted with HR directors and senior managers in 875 KIBs located in Finland, France, Sweden and the UK. We find that numerical flexibility is negatively related to both incremental and radical innovation, whereas training is positively related to both. Our test of the moderating impact of training on both types of innovation resulting from the use of numerical flexibility was not statistically significant. Overall, we suggest that not all efforts by KIBs to mobilize resources and capabilities and align them with a complex external environment in the pursuit of innovation are necessarily beneficial. We highlight some research, policy, and practice implications that arise from our findings.
Emancipating ethics: an autonomist reading of Islamic forms of life in Russia
Authors: Benussi Matteo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article advances a framework aimed at capturing the political life of ethical intensity by putting autonomist theory in resonance with ethnographic material pertaining to quietist Muslim milieus in post‐Soviet Russia. The emancipatory and prefigurative potential of collective projects of self‐legislation – in this case, ‘halal living’ – are explored through the notions of ethical form of life and Rule/Law. It will be argued that autonomist theory (a) is helpful in conceptualizing the friction between ethical projects (however quietist) and dominant moral/political orders; (b) has the potential to broaden anthropological conversations on virtue beyond existing fault lines (notably between what I call ‘traditionist’ and ‘liberal’ theoretical families) as well as conceptual silos (‘religion', ‘secularity’); and (c) can help us envision a radical, politically engaged anthropology of ethics.
Dietary cholesterol oxidation products: Perspectives linking food processing and storage with health implications
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Xuan , Xiao Fan , Jie Fan , Zhang Qinjun , Liu Yuqi , Xiao Hang , Lu Baiyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are heterogeneous compounds formed during the processing and storage of cholesterol‐rich foods, such as seafood, meat, eggs, and dairy products. With the increased intake of COPs‐rich foods, the concern about health implications of dietary COPs is rising. Dietary COPs may exert deleterious effects on human health to induce several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, knowledge regarding the effects of processing and storage conditions leading to formation of COPs is needed to reduce the levels of COPs in foods. Efficient methodologies to determine COPs in foods are also essential. More importantly, the biological roles of dietary COPs in human health and effects of phytochemicals on dietary COPs‐induced diseases need to be established. This review summarizes the recent information on dietary COPs including their formation in foods during their processing and storage, analytical methods of determination of COPs, metabolic fate, implications for human health, and beneficial interventions by phytochemicals. The formation of COPs is largely dependent on the heating temperature, storage time, and food matrices. Alteration of food processing and storage conditions is one of the potent strategies to restrict hazardous dietary COPs from forming, including maintaining relatively low temperatures, shorter processing or storage time, and the appropriate addition of antioxidants. Once absorbed into the circulation, dietary COPs can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory diseases, where the absorbed dietary COPs may induce inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells in the target organs or tissues. Improved intake of phytochemicals may be an effective strategy to reduce the hazardous effects of dietary COPs.
Shrinkage in frozen desserts
Authors: VanWees Samantha R. , Rankin Scott A. , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractShrinkage is a well‐documented defect in frozen desserts, yet the root causes and mechanisms remain unknown. Characterized by the loss of volume during storage, shrinkage arose during the mid‐twentieth century as production of frozen desserts grew to accommodate a larger market. Early research found that shrinkage was promoted by high protein, solids, and overrun, as well as postproduction factors such as fluctuations in external temperature and pressure. Rather than approaching shrinkage as a cause‐and‐effect defect as previous approaches have, we employ a physicochemical approach to characterize and understand shrinkage as collapse of the frozen foam caused by destabilization of the dispersed air phase. The interfacial composition and physical properties, as well as the kinetic stability of air cells within the frozen matrix ultimately affect product susceptibility to shrinkage. The mechanism of shrinkage remains unknown, as frozen desserts are highly complex, but is rooted in the physicochemical properties of the frozen foam. Functional ingredients and processing methods that optimize the formation and stabilization of the frozen foam are essential to preventing shrinkage in frozen desserts.
Fatigue and apathy in patients on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Di Stasio Enrico , Monteburini Tania , Santarelli Stefano , Cenerelli Stefano , Manes Massimo , Parodi Emanuele Luigi , Angioletti Laura , Balconi Michela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study explores the link between fatigue and apathy in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD).MethodsOne hundred thirty‐nine chronic HD patients underwent the assessment of fatigue, apathy, depression, and their functional status, with the fatigue severity scale (FSS), the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), the beck depression inventory (BDI), the activity of daily living (ADL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL).ResultsPatients with high FSS had a significantly lower ADL and IADL score, higher BDI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and AES score, and lower serum levels of creatinine, compared to low FSS patients. FSS was highly correlated with the AES, as well as with the BDI and the AES correlates with the BDI. At multiple regression analyses, only apathy and IADL were independent predictor variables of fatigue in HD population.ConclusionFuture longitudinal studies could determine if apathy is a causative factor for fatigue manifestation and development in HD patients.
Peritoneal dialysis for refractory heart failure: A single‐center experience
Authors: Aslan Kutsal Dilek , Yıldırımtürk Özlem , Sungur Aylin , Sungur Mustafa A. , Kayahan Münire , Güngör Barış 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) is a disease associated with poor quality of life. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be an alternative in the treatment of these patients to overcome fluid overload. The objective of this study is to observe the effects of PD in refractory HF patients.MethodsWe conducted an observational study including 10 patients with refractory congestive HF. PD started solely for fluid overload. Patients' baseline parameters were compared with follow‐up parameters.ResultsMedian age was 57.5 (44.8–64.3) years. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 20% (18.8–31.3), and all patients had right ventricular dysfunction. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 51.2 (43.8–101.3) ml/min/1.73 m2. Two patients (20%) died during the follow‐up period. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class decreased significantly from a median of 4 to 2,1 and 1 in the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, respectively (p ≤ 0.01 for all from baseline). Number and length of hospitalization decreased significantly after treatment (number from a median of 3 to 0,p = 0.013; days from 50.5 to 0,p = 0.028).ConclusionPD significantly reduced NYHA functional class, number and days of hospitalization for HF. It could be a reasonable option in chronic treatment of patients with refractory HF.
High reliability Human Resource Management (HRM): A system for high risk workplaces
Authors: Kellner Ashlea , Townsend Keith , Loudoun Rebecca , Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh Performance Work Systems (HPWS) research is based on the search for the most suitable bundle of complementary practices appropriate for the organisation and its operating environment. We examine the contents of a HPWS in organisations seeking impeccable safety and reliability as their foremost ‘performance’ outcome. We propose a ‘High Reliability HRM’ framework, and examine the degree of implementation in a three case study of Australian state emergency services organisations. The findings highlight HRM practices inconsistent with the framework, and illustrated by rich interview accounts, we detail associated negative implications for employee behaviour and attitudes. We contribute to HPWS research by empirically examining how reliability‐seeking organisations conceptualise and implement HRM systems. This study emphasises how inconsistency in HRM practice bundles can pose a threat to reliable service provision, a critical finding for emergency services and reliability‐seeking organisations more broadly.
Protein extraction from cold‐pressed hempseed press cake: From laboratory to pilot scale
Authors: Helstad Amanda , Forsén Erica , Ahlström Cecilia , Mayer Labba Inger‐Cecilia , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie , Rayner Marilyn , Purhagen Jeanette K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the production of industrial hempseed oil, a press cake is formed as a byproduct, which is often used as animal feed although it contains a high amount of protein that could be used for human consumption. Extracting this valuable protein would reduce food waste and increase the availability of plant‐based protein. A protein extraction process based on the pH‐shift method was adapted to improve the protein extraction yield from industrial hempseed press cake (HPC). Parameters such as alkali extraction pH, time, and temperature, as well as isoelectric precipitation pH, were investigated in laboratory scale and were thereafter carried out in a pilot trial to explore the suitability for future scale up. The phytic acid content of the extracted protein isolate was also analyzed to investigate any potential inhibitory effect on mineral absorption. A final protein yield of 60.6%, with a precipitated protein content of 90.3% (dw), was obtained using a constant alkali extraction pH of 10.5 for 1 h at room temperature, followed by precipitation at pH 5.5. The pilot trial showed promising results for the future production of industrial hemp protein precipitate on a larger scale, showing a protein yield of 57.0% and protein content of 90.8% (dw). The amount of phytic acid in the protein isolate produced in the optimal laboratory experiment and in the pilot trial was 0.595 and 0.557 g phytic acid/100 g dw, respectively, which is 83%–88% less than in the HPC. This is in the range of other plant‐based protein sources (tofu, kidney beans, peas, etc.).Practical ApplicationIndustrial hempseed press cake is a byproduct in the production of industrial hempseed oil, which is mostly used as animal feed, but has the potential to become an additional source of plant‐based protein for human consumption with a suitable protein extraction method. The extracted hemp protein could be used to develop new plant‐based dairy or meat analog products.
Dynamic variation of the phytochemical and volatile compounds in the pericarp ofCitrus reticulata‘‘Chachi’’ (Rutaceae) during 2 years of storage
Authors: Chao Yingxin , Tan E‐yu , Ma Shaofeng , Chen Baizhong , Liu Mengshi , Wang Kanghui , Yang Wanling , Wei Minyan , Zheng Guodong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe pericarp ofCitrus reticulata"Chachi" (CRCP) is used as nutritional food and traditional medicine in China, usually harvested at three periods, namely, immature (CRCP‐G1), semi‐mature (CRCP‐G2), and fully mature (CRCP‐G3). Traditionally, if the CRCP is stored for a longer period, then the quality will be better. In this study, the dynamic variation of phytochemical and volatile compounds was profiled in the same batches of CRCP during 2 years of storage. Results illustrated that most of the phytochemical compounds showed a decreasing trend during storage, that is, total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, hesperidin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone, 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone, synephrine, and limonin. The ferulic acid increased significantly, whereas no significant changes were observed in the total polymethoxyflavones, nobiletin, and tangeretin after 2 years of storage. In addition, we found that the extraction yield of volatile oil decreased significantly in CRCP‐G1 during storage, and the herb odors were enhanced with the increase of phenols and esters. No significant difference in the extraction yield of volatile oil of CRCP‐G2 and CRCP‐G3 was found after 2 years of storage, but the citrus‐like notes were increased with the promoted generation of alkenes. In particular, the multivariate statistical analysis indicated that 7 volatiles showed a higher level after 1 year of storage, whereas 11 volatiles decreased and 4 volatiles increased after 2 years of storage, respectively. This study could show the early aging mechanism of CRCP harvested at different periods and provide a scientific guidance in the storage of CRCP.Practical ApplicationThis study indicated a comprehensive method for rapid analysis of phytochemical and volatile compounds in pericarp ofCitrus reticulata‘‘Chachi’’ (Rutaceae) (CRCP) harvested at different periods during 2 years of storage. The results obtained from this study would be valuable for revealing the early aging mechanism and sustainable storage of CRCP.
miR‐223‐3p targets FBXW7 to promote epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yuli , Shi Shuang , Wang Yunshan , Zhang Xuhua , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Juan , Li Peilong , Du Lutao , Wang Chuanxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor diagnosed in women. It is the second leading cause of cancer‐related death among women in the world. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to be involved in the development and progression of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of miR‐223‐3p in breast cancer progression and metastasis.MethodsqRT‐PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of miR‐223‐3p in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Wound healing and Matrigel assays were used to examine cell motility and invasiveness. FBXW7 3′‐UTR construct and luciferase reporter assays were performed for the target gene.ResultsmiR‐223‐3p was overexpressed in breast cancer tissue and cell lines. A high level of miR‐223‐3p was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, overexpressed miR‐223‐3p promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 is a target of miR‐223‐3p. Luciferase activity reporter assay indicated miR‐223‐3p could directly bind with the 3′‐UTR of FBXW7. miR‐223‐3p exhibited its oncogenic role partly by decreasing FBXW7 expression, and consequently promoted the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells.ConclusionsOur study revealed a physical and functional relationship among miR‐223‐3p and FBXW7. By negatively regulating FBXW7 expression, miR‐223‐3p exerts a tumor promotion role promoting cell invasion and metastasis in breast cancer.
Association of the programmed death ligand‐1 combined positive score in tumors and clinicopathological features in esophageal cancer
Authors: Huang Ziling , Jin Yan , Cai Xu , Chen Lijun , Shen Xuxia , Li Bin , Chen Haiquan , Li Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe combined positive score (CPS) of the programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) 22C3 assay is a predictive marker of pembrolizumab monotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer (EC) patients. However, little is known about the association of the PD‐L1 22C3 CPS with the clinicopathological features and heterogeneity of PD‐L1 expression in EC in the Chinese population in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe examined the association of the PD‐L1 22C3 CPS with clinicopathological characteristics in 533 EC specimens. Further, we compared 37 cases' different blocks of the same specimen and 50 paired primary/metastatic lymph node lesions to investigate the heterogeneity of PD‐L1 expression.ResultsPD‐L1 positive expression was observed in 45.0% of 533 EC patients, including 46.8% with squamous cell carcinoma, 15.4% with adenocarcinoma, 28.6% with basaloid squamous carcinoma, 42.9% with spindle cell carcinoma, and 33.3% with neuroendocrine tumors. PD‐L1 positive expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (59.2% chance, p = 0.021) and venous/lymphatic invasion (66.3% chance, p = 0.029). PD‐L1 expression was highly consistent in different paraffin blocks of the same surgically resected specimen (concordance rate: 86.5%, p = 0.000016) and a moderate consistency (concordance rate: 78.0%, p = 0.000373) for the primary and metastatic lymph node lesion comparison.ConclusionsThis is a novel study which demonstrated a positive correlation between a high PD‐L1 22C3 CPS and invasion/metastasis risk in EC surgical specimens. Both paired blocks and paired primary/metastatic lymph node lesions showed significant concordance. PD‐L1 heterogeneity was inferred to be mainly related to positive mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs), which might have substantial implications for clinical practice.
Use of PD‐1 inhibitor tislelizumab in the treatment of advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Xu Li , Tao Ning‐ning , Liang Bin , Li Dao‐wei , Li Huai‐chen , Su Li‐li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC), characterized by poor differentiation, aggressive progression, and early metastasis, is a rare type of non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which shows a low response rate to conventional antitumor therapies and has a poor prognosis. With the achievements in gene sequencing, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, several new approaches have recently been explored in PSC treatment. A small case series of PSC patients were found to have programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) overexpression, a prerequisite for PD‐1 inhibiting therapy, which made immunotherapy possible. However, anti‐PD‐1 treatment for PSCs was still at a preliminary stage. Here, we report the successful outcome of tislelizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced PSC with pleural invasion, thus providing a novel promising approach for PSC patients with PD‐L1 overexpression.
Bridging the scale gap: Predicting large‐scale population dynamics from small‐scale variation in strongly heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Cobbold Christina A. , Lutscher Frithjof , Yurk Brian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Often, ecologists are challenged with a mismatch of scales: how do we upscale from local variation and available data to landscape‐level models and predictions?

We present a general recipe for coarse‐graining from local‐ to landscape‐scale reaction–diffusion equations when spatial heterogeneity is small in extent compared to dispersal of organisms. Our homogenization approach uses the fundamental ecological concepts of Turchin's residence index and Skellam's dynamic level.

Our approach opens avenues to new ecological theory that connects different scales, which we illustrate using predator–prey interactions. It also presents opportunities for using the increasingly available small‐scale data for landscape‐level predictions, such as range expansion rates.

We find several unexpected nonlinear relationships between the movement behaviour on the local level and the spatially implicit and explicit outcomes at the landscape level, for example, predator spread rate may increase or decrease when predators move faster locally. Our method provides a mechanistic link for population dynamics and data integration across spatial and temporal scales, addressing a fundamental goal of landscape ecology.
Increased MFG‐E8 at neuromuscular junctions is an exacerbating factor for sarcopenia‐associated denervation
Authors: Ikemoto‐Uezumi Madoka , Zhou Heying , Kurosawa Tamaki , Yoshimoto Yuki , Toyoda Masashi , Kanazawa Nobuo , Nakazawa Tatsu , Morita Mitsuhiro , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Uezumi Akiyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSarcopenia is an important health problem associated with adverse outcomes. Although the etiology of sarcopenia remains poorly understood, factors apart from muscle fibers, including humoral factors, might be involved. Here, we used cytokine antibody arrays to identify humoral factors involved in sarcopenia and found a significant increase in levels of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG‐E8) in skeletal muscle of aged mice, compared with young mice. We found that the increase in MFG‐E8 protein at arterial walls and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in muscles of aged mice. High levels of MFG‐E8 at NMJs and an age‐related increase in arterial MFG‐E8 have also been identified in human skeletal muscle. In NMJs, MFG‐E8 is localized on the surface of terminal Schwann cells, which are important accessory cells for the maintenance of NMJs. We found that increased MFG‐E8 at NMJs precedes age‐related denervation and is more prominent in sarcopenia‐susceptible fast‐twitch than in sarcopenia‐resistant slow‐twitch muscle. Comparison between fast and slow muscles further revealed that arterial MFG‐E8 can be uncoupled from sarcopenic phenotype. A genetic deficiency in MFG‐E8 attenuated age‐related denervation of NMJs and muscle weakness, providing evidence of a pathogenic role of increased MFG‐E8. Thus, our study revealed a mechanism by which increased MFG‐E8 at NMJs leads to age‐related NMJ degeneration and suggests that targeting MFG‐E8 could be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent sarcopenia.
Chemically induced senescence in human stem cell‐derived neurons promotes phenotypic presentation of neurodegeneration
Authors: Fathi Ali , Mathivanan Sakthikumar , Kong Linghai , Petersen Andrew J. , Harder Cole R. K. , Block Jasper , Miller Julia Marie , Bhattacharyya Anita , Wang Daifeng , Zhang Su‐Chun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModeling age‐related neurodegenerative disorders with human stem cells are difficult due to the embryonic nature of stem cell‐derived neurons. We developed a chemical cocktail to induce senescence of iPSC‐derived neurons to address this challenge. We first screened small molecules that induce embryonic fibroblasts to exhibit features characteristic of aged fibroblasts. We then optimized a cocktail of small molecules that induced senescence in fibroblasts and cortical neurons without causing DNA damage. The utility of the “senescence cocktail” was validated in motor neurons derived from ALS patient iPSCs which exhibited protein aggregation and axonal degeneration substantially earlier than those without cocktail treatment. Our “senescence cocktail” will likely enhance the manifestation of disease‐related phenotypes in neurons derived from iPSCs, enabling the generation of reliable drug discovery platforms.