bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Adams Forrest H. , Fujiwara Tetsuro , Spears Robert , Hodgman Joan 
Published: December 2021

Sixteen serial observations of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, R.Q., respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and skin blood flow were made on six premature infants ranging in age from 3 hours to 12 days and weighing from 1.14 to 1.94 kg, utilizing a specially designed climatized chamber at neutral (32-34°C), low (21-23°C), and high (36-38°C) ambient temperatures. Ten premature infants ranging in age from 2½ hours to 18 days were studied at high (36-38°C) ambient temperature.
At low ambient temperature, there was a mean increase of 63% in oxygen consumption even in infants under 24 hours of age. At the end of the rewarming period, rectal temperature, which had been lowered during a 20-minute exposure to 21-23°C, nearly recovered to the original level in infants in both of the age groups of 0 to 24 hours and 2 to 5 days, whereas in the 6 to 12 day old group, it returned faster than the former two and it was increased by 0.32 to 1.9°C (mean 0.9°C).
At 36-38°C, ambient temperature, the mean oxygen consumption increased 18% in infants ages 2½ to 7½ hours, whereas there was no significant increase in infants ages 10 to 18 days. Sweating and significant vasodilatation generally did not occur even in the older infants. The respiratory rate was increased in most infants. It is suggested that heat loss through the respiratory tract might be important to the premature infant who has a lack of evaporative means at high ambient temperature.
PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Allen Richard J. , Heffelfinger John C. , Masotti Ronald E. , Tsau Makepeace U 
Published: December 2021

One of the techniques that may be employed to expedite the diagnosis of phenylketonuria in the newborn infant is the phenylalanine load test. However, this is probably an impractical method for a routine examination but in the suspected sibling may permit rapid differentiation of an affected infant from one entirely normal. Also, carriers may simulate phenylketonuric infants so that the diagnosis must still rest on the appearance of abnormal metabolites in the urine.
Of 15 suspected infants, three proved to have typical phenylketonuria very early while four others demonstrated elevated phenylalanine levels in load tests in the newborn period and on serial follow-up, which might otherwise suggest the disease. Studies of these infants showed that they did not have phenylketonuria and that they were in all probability carriers. The carrier state which has been extensively studied in adults may therefore occur in the neonate and may be confused in the clinical diagnosis with the phenylketonuric infant. The proven phenylketonuric infants developed abnormal metabolites in the urine within the first few days of life so that the diagnosis could be corroborated by the simple ferric chloride test in addition to chromatographic methods which detected o-HPA and phenylalanine.
Also ten infants with phenylketonuria diagnosed at less than two months of age are included in this report. They consist of four infants who were "first cases" in the family and six infants diagnosed as the result of a known older sibling. Three infants were recognized by our study of 15 suspected newborns horn into 13 different families where phenylketonuria was known to be present. Positive urine ferric chloride tests appeared as early as two days of age and indicated that ferric chloride testing is useful in the newborn. If, however, the diagnosis is established by elevated serum phenylalanine levels the child should probably not be treated for phenylketonuria until other typical metabolites are identified.
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN INFANT MALNUTRITION
Authors: Mönckeberg Fernando , Beas Francisco , Horwitz Isidoro , Dabancens Alfredo , González Margarita 
Published: December 2021

Oxygen consumption was determined with a closed circuit apparatus in 52 normal infants and 22 marasmatic infants.
Oxygen consumption in marasmatic infants was similar to that of the normal ones when expressed in relation to the actual weight, but was significantly lower if expressed in regard to height.
The lower values were observed in marasmatic infants before recovery started (Group B), while those marasmatics that had started recovery (Group A), showed intermediate values between that of the normal infants and Group B.
The significance of these results has been discussed.
SEVERE RHEUMATIC MITRAL INSUFFICIENCY IN CHILDHOOD AMENABLE TO SURGERY
Authors: Yuan Shang-Hsien , Doyle Eugenie F. , Pisacano John C. , Reed George E. 
Published: December 2021

A case of severe rheumatic mitral insufficiency in a 12-year-old boy invalided by chronic congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation who was strikingly improved by mitral annuloplasty is described. The clinical course and cardiac catheterization findings before and after operation are outlined.
Indications for surgical relief of mitral insufficiency in the pediatric patient have been suggested. The problem of optimum timing of surgery after subsidence of acute rheumatic carditis is unsolved. Each case must be carefully evaluated. The case presented was less than two years from overt rheumatic activity at the time of surgery. We hope this case stimulates surgical consideration for the child with severe rheumatic mitral insufficiency since earlier operation in appropriate instances may prevent the onset of atrial fibrillation and progressively diminishing myocardial reserve.
Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products—Acute Poisoning (Home and Farm)
Authors: PRESS EDWARD 
Published: December 2021

This book is an unusually detailed and comprehensive revision of an encyclopedic reference source on the composition of thousands of chemicals and a correlated practical guide to the first-aid and medical treatment of poisonings. It is an extremely useful resource for hospitals and physicians in the handling of accidental and intentional poisonings.
A new (8th) section has been added to the book based on the 1961 edition of Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations and this should promote uniform classification of poisonings thus facilitating research and distribution of clinical data and experience in this area.
MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Feinstein Alvan R. , Arevalo Aida C. 
Published: December 2021

This report analyzes the manifestations and treatment of 90 episodes of congestive heart failure in 40 children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease. By use of specific clinical criteria, 34 episodes could be designated as part of "active" rheumatic inflammation, and 56 as "inactive."
The most common signs in "active" and "inactive" groups were hepatic enlargement or tenderness, tachycardia, distention of neck veins, peripheral edema, and weight gain. The most common symptom was dyspnea, but it often was absent and, when present, was usually unaccompanied by rales. Three symptoms uncommon in the congestive failure of adults were frequently noted: cough, nausea, and a right upper quadrant abdominal ache. The latter finding was due to hepatic tenderness, demonstrated by a positive "liver slap" test, that often preceded palpable hepatomegaly and was sometimes the first evidence of decompensation.
The "active" and "inactive" distinctions were therapeutically useful in that "active" episodes sometimes responded well to anti-inflammatory agents alone. Digitalis seemed to have equal occurrences of effectiveness or toxicity in "active" or "inactive" patients, and showed no major advantages over diuretics except when ventricular rates were rapid. In "active" patients, anti-inflammatory therapy seemed preferable and most beneficial only in the early untreated stages of the rheumatic attack. Although usually less effective than steroids for this purpose, salicylates were occasionally successful. Decompensation occurring as part of post-therapeutic rebounds in "active" patients could often be managed by digitalis or diuretics, without need for resumption of anti-inflammatory agents and their attendant risk of another post-therapeutic rebound. Except in the specific "active" and "inactive" instances cited above, we believe diuretics are a preferable first choice in the pharmaceutical treatment of the decompensated young rheumatic heart. Success with diuretics obviates not only the hazards of digitalis toxicity, but also the risk of inflammatory recrudescence after steroids.
An Increased Incidence of Spina Bifida in Vermont in 1962
Authors: LUCEY JEROLD F. , MANN ROBERT W. , SIMMONS G. MILLARD , FRIEDMAN EDWARD 
Published: December 2021

An increased incidence of spina bifida among live-born infants in Vermont during 1962 has been observed and documented. The average incidence for this congenital anomaly during the period 1952-1961 was 99 per 100,000 live births; in 1962 it increased to 232 per 100,000 live births. This is the second report of such an occurrence in the United States during 1962.
Epidemiologic studies failed to reveal any clues as to a possible teratologic agent.
EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC GRADIENTS ACROSS THE PRIMATE PLACENTAL UPON FETAL AND PLACENTAL WATER CONTENTS
Authors: Bruns Paul D. , Hellegers Andre E. , Seeds A. Elmore , Behrman Richard E. , Battaglia Frederick C. 
Published: December 2021

Infusions of 2.7 g/100 ml sodium chloride or 30 g/100 ml disaccharide solutions into the maternal circulation of pregnant rhesus monkeys produced a significant reduction in fetal and placental total water content. At the same time large transplacental total solute concentration gradients were produced.
The injection of sucrose into the amniotic fluid of pregnant rhesus monkeys produced a reduction in fetal total body water alone. The significance of these differences is discussed.
THE HEART AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION IN CHILDREN AT HIGH ALTITUDES
Authors: Peñaloza Dante , Arias-Stella Javier , Sime Francisco , Recavarren Sixto , Marticorena Emilio 
Published: December 2021

Physiologic and anatomic changes have been demonstrated in healthy children born and living at high altitudes. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic studies indicate that after birth the right ventricular preponderance remains throughout infancy and childhood. Anatomic observations have confirmed the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy in healthy children of high altitudes. Cardiac catheterizations reveals mild pulmonary hypertension associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance, the degree of pulmonary hypertension being higher under 5 years of age. The increased pulmonary resistance is principally related to structural changes of the pulmonary vasculature, while arteriolar vasoconstriction and polycythemia are secondary factors. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy are not associated with any kind of symptoms in high-altitude children, and we must understand these changes as related in some way to the mechanisms of natural acclimatization.
Patent ductus arteriosus is more frequent at high altitudes than at sea level, and the incidence augments gradually as altitude above sea level increases, the relationship following a curve of parabolic type. It is probable that at high altitude hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension, which remain as chronic conditions after birth, are factors related to the patency of ductus arteriosus.
High altitude pulmonary edema may occur in healthy children returning to altitude after being at sea level for a few days or weeks. Rapid improvement of the clinical condition is obtained after continuous oxygen administration; however, death may occur if early treatment is not given. Cardiac catheterization reveals a normal pulmonary wedge pressure and a degree of pulmonary hypertension two or three times greater than that corresponding to healthy children of high altitude. The mechanism of high altitude pulmonary edema is discussed.
NEONATAL STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: Simon Harold J. , Allwood-Paredes Juan , Trejos Alfonso 
Published: December 2021

The dynamics, consequences, and prevention of neonatal staphylococcal colonization were studied in San Salvador, El Salvador. The results indicate that:
All untreated infants who resided in the hospital for more than 48 hours became colonized. Umbilical preceded nasal colonization in this group.
An antiseptic skin care program effectively prevented colonization among treated infants in the hospital. Colonization in this group did occur in the first 3 months of life, but never to the extent found among the controls. Nasal preceded umbilical colonization in the treated group.
Staphylococcal disease occurred four times as frequently in the control group as in the treated group and four times as often in males as in females.
Initial staphylococcal colonization in mothers and family members of the two study groups and the non-staphylococcal disease experiences of both populations were essentially identical. Therefore, the differences in colonization rates and staphylococcal disease among the infants were probably due to the infant care program.
Studies on the epidemiology of neonatal staphylococcal infection and disease in San Salvador were carried out from birth through the first 3 months of life.
The phage-types and antibiograms of hospital- and community-derived strains differed widely from each other. The excess morbidity encountered in untreated infants was traceable almost entirely to hospitalacquired infections.
The first strain acquired by an infant was not necessarily the disease-producing strain, and multiple sequential colonizations occurred among the infants and their mothers. All hospital-acquired strains persisted and declined at approximately the same rate throughout the study.
CARDIAC PROBLEMS IN THE GLYCOGENOSES WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO POMPE'S DISEASE
Authors: Hohn Arno R. , Lowe Charles U. , Sokal Joseph E. , Lambert Edward C. 
Published: December 2021

In 4 of 16 patients having glycogenoses other than Pompe's disease electrocardiographic abnormalities were found. These abnormalities could not be related to the type of glycogenosis present and were limited to changes in the T wave and the QT interval. No other evidence of heart disease was found in these patients.
Hemodynamic and cineangiographic evidence of muscular obstruction to cardiac outflow from both right and left ventricles was documented in a case of Pompe's disease. The obstruction was confirmed by postmortem findings. In one other case not investigated by cardiac catheterization, similar autopsy findings were found. This alteration is probably more widespread than is generally known, and has important therapeutic implications.
FRANK H. DOUGLASS, M.D. 1899-1965
Authors: CHRISTOPHERSON E. H. 
Published: December 2021

FRANK H. DOUGLASS, M.D., of Seattle, Washington, thirty-fourth President of the American Academy of Pediatrics (1963-64) and the immediate past President, died unexpectedly in Seattle on the morning of January 22, 1965, at the age of sixty-five years.
Born in Sedro Woolley, a small community about 65 miles north of Seattle, a son of a pharmacist and one of a family of ten children, Dr. Douglass graduated in Pharmacy from Washington State University in 1919.
THE GROWTH AND MATURATION OF HUMAN GLOMERULI AND PROXIMAL CONVOLUTIONS FROM TERM TO ADULTHOOD
Authors: Fetterman George H. , Shuplock Nancy A. , Philipp Frederick J. , Gregg Helen S. 
Published: December 2021

A quantitative study of dimensions of immature human glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules has been made by means of microdissection. Normal kidneys from 23 subjects varying in age from full term to 18 years were utilized in this study.
The proximal convoluted tubules in the normal kidney of a full-term infant are small in relation to their corresponding glomeruli. With the rapid growth of the proximal tubules in the first few months of life, a correspondingly rapid shift in anatomic glomerulotubular balance occurs.
The final dimensional change in the maturation of a proximal convoluted tubule is an increase in its volume.
The extreme heterogeneity of nephrons at term is recorded, along with their rapid attainment of relative homogeneity at an early age.
The best anatomic correlates for glomerulotubular balance in immature human kidneys were found to be glomerular surface area and proximal tubular volume.
The small proximal tubular mass shown to exist in early infancy may well account for the low Epah, TmPAH, and TmG values which have been demonstrated during this age period.
Health and the School Child
Authors: CHIPMAN SIDNEY S. 
Published: December 2021

This book representing the views of twenty contributors, the majority of whom are physicians, is intended as a reference book for teachers, school administrators, nurses, and other professional people working with school children. Their material is clearly presented and readily comprehended. A glossary which has been included should be useful to teachers and school administrators. The bibliography is very spotty and incomplete.
The twenty-one chapters deal with many of the subjects pertinent to the health of schoolage children and to school health services.
CONTINUOUS RECORDING OF SWEATING BY RESISTANCE HYGROMETRY
Authors: Segar William E. , Hancock Charles J. , Sawyer Thomas , Bullard Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

A method is described for the continuous recording of sweating rate by the use of resistance hygrometry. The data indicate the chloride concentration of sweat collected under a vapor pressure barrier is not different from the chloride concentration of sweat collected during experiments permitting normal evaporation of water from the surface of the skin.
Sweating is a cyclic process, and two rates of cyclic activity can be demonstrated. The major cyclic activity is probably regulated by the central nervous system.
In a constant environment, sweating rate is inconstant and not directly related to size or age. Sweating rate is not proportional to the number of functioning sweat glands in the skin area studied.
Children with fibrocystic disease did not differ in sweating rate or cyclic activity from normal children and adults.
THERAPEUTIC PRINCIPLES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS VIRIDANS INFECTIONS: RECURRENT BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS IN A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Gersony Welton M. , Nadas Alexander S. 
Published: December 2021

A case of recurrent bacterial endocarditis due to a relatively resistant alpha streptococcus is reviewed. The following general principles of treatment are recommended:
1. Intravenous penicillin therapy should be instituted in all instances.
2. Should serum bactericidal levels indicate the organism to be extremely sensitive (&lt; 0.1 units/ml) oral phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin-V) may be substituted after 3 weeks.
3. In cases infected with organisms sensitive to greater than 0.1 units/ml, intravenous therapy should be continued for 6 weeks and streptomycin added for 2 weeks.
4. When facilities for studying penicillin sensitivity and serum bactericidal activity are not available, the intravenous penicillin-streptomycin regime is recommended.
Benzalkonium Chloride Solution as a Source of False Proteinuria
Authors: ROBINSON JOHN C. , CONNELLY JOHN P. 
Published: December 2021

A source of false proteinuria was recently discovered when two female children were noted to have heavy "proteinuria" in clean voided urine specimens obtained in the Children's Service Ambulatory Clinic. The girls were admitted to the hospital a few days later. Repeated urine specimens were negative for protein in the hospital.
In an effort to explain this discrepancy, 5 drops of 10% sulfosalicylic acid were added to benzalkonium chloride solution which is routinely used to clean the genitalia in the [See Table I in Source Pdf.] Children's Clinic but not used on the wards. The benzalkonium chloride-sulfosalicylic acid mixture gave a 4+ precipitate indistinguishable from the 4+ protein reaction.
MATERNAL, CORD, AND SERIAL VENOUS BLOOD: PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE, THYROID-BINDING GLOBULIN, THYROID-BINDING ALBUMIN, AND PREALBUMIN VALUES IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Perry Ralph E. , Hodgman Joan E. , Starr Paul 
Published: December 2021

1. P.B.I. and thyroid-binding protein levels in mothers delivering premature infants of varying weights are the same as those reported for mothers delivering at term. The maternal T.B.G. is from 50-60% greater than the T.B.G. of the cord blood.
2. The cord P.B.I. in the smallest infants is significantly lower than their mothers' and is lower than that of the babies weighing over 1,500 gm.
3. The characteristic newborn P.B.I. pattern of abrupt rise in the 48 hours after birth followed by a more gradual fall has been established for the premature infant. The magnitude of rise is less in the smallest prematures. The increase in P.B.I. following delivery is found in all weight groups and does not appear to be associated with the gestational age.
4. T.B.G. levels in prematures are the same as those reported in term infants, and are stable throughout the first 10 days. The rise in P.B.I. cannot be attributed to a change in T.B.G.
5. A pattern of alterations in T.B.A. and T.B.P.A. has been described.
The Maltreated Child–the Maltreatment Syndrome in Children
Authors: PICKERING M. R. 
Published: December 2021

This slim volume is an easy-to-read, concise, thought-provoking review of the multiple aspects and current status of the Maltreatment Syndrome in Children. A brief historical survey of society's increasing concern about the welfare of children sets the stage for a detailed description of the problem and its implications. Following discussion of many aspects of the syndrome, a number of case reports and illustrative photographs are presented, effectively enhancing the impact of the text.
The Maltreatment Syndrome in Children, a term coined by the author, includes manifestations ranging from deprivation of food, shelter, or love to actual physical trauma.
Asian Pediatrics: The Scientific Proceedings of the First All-Asian Congress of Pediatrics, New Delhi, 1961
Authors: CONE THOMAS E. 
Published: December 2021

This is a book of historic importance because it records the scientific proceedings of the First All-Asian Congress of Pediatrics held in January, 1961, in New Delhi. Delegates from twenty-three countries heard nearly one hundred and fifty original papers on a wide range of child health and care. Ninety of these papers are published in this book, although a few are in the form of a short abstract.
The participants covered the broad areas of pediatrics which are of particular interest to those involved in child care in Afro-Asia.