bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and future perspectives in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Garau Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrobial resistance is a serious threat to human health worldwide. Among the World Health Organisation’s list of priority resistant bacteria, three are listed as critical—the highest level of concern—and all three are Gram-negative. Gram-negative resistance has spread worldwide via a variety of mechanisms, the most problematic being via AmpC enzymes, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and carbapenemases. A combination of older drugs, many with high levels of toxicity, and newer agents are being used to combat multidrug resistance, with varying degrees of success. This review discusses the current treatments for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including new agents, older compounds, and new combinations of both, and some new treatment targets that are currently under investigation.
Improving natural language information extraction from cancer pathology reports using transfer learning and zero-shot string similarity
Authors: Park Briton , Altieri Nicholas , DeNero John , Odisho Anobel Y , Yu Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe develop natural language processing (NLP) methods capable of accurately classifying tumor attributes from pathology reports given minimal labeled examples. Our hierarchical cancer to cancer transfer (HCTC) and zero-shot string similarity (ZSS) methods are designed to exploit shared information between cancers and auxiliary class features, respectively, to boost performance using enriched annotations which give both location-based information and document level labels for each pathology report.Materials and MethodsOur data consists of 250 pathology reports each for kidney, colon, and lung cancer from 2002 to 2019 from a single institution (UCSF). For each report, we classified 5 attributes: procedure, tumor location, histology, grade, and presence of lymphovascular invasion. We develop novel NLP techniques involving transfer learning and string similarity trained on enriched annotations. We compare HCTC and ZSS methods to the state-of-the-art including conventional machine learning methods as well as deep learning methods.ResultsFor our HCTC method, we see an improvement of up to 0.1 micro-F1 score and 0.04 macro-F1 averaged across cancer and applicable attributes. For our ZSS method, we see an improvement of up to 0.26 micro-F1 and 0.23 macro-F1 averaged across cancer and applicable attributes. These comparisons are made after adjusting training data sizes to correct for the 20% increase in annotation time for enriched annotations compared to ordinary annotations.ConclusionsMethods based on transfer learning across cancers and augmenting information methods with string similarity priors can significantly reduce the amount of labeled data needed for accurate information extraction from pathology reports.
60Co-γ Radiation Alters Developmental Stages of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Through Apoptosis Pathways Gene Expression
Authors: Ahmad Shakil , Hussain Adil , Ullah Farman , Jamil Momana , Ali Asad , Ali Saqib , Luo Yanping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Radiation is considered as a promising insect pest control strategy for minimizing postharvest yield losses. Among various techniques, irradiation is a method of choice as it induces lethal biochemical or molecular changes that cause a downstream cascade of abrupt physiological abnormalities at the cellular level. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 60Co-γ radiation on various developmental stages of Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett and subsequent carry-over effects on the progeny. For this purpose, we treated eggs with 30- and 50-Gy radiation doses of 60Co-γ. We found that radiation significantly affected cellular antioxidants, insect morphology, and gene expression profiles. Our results indicate that in response to various doses of irradiation reactive oxygen species, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were increased along with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We observed higher mortality rates during the pupal stage of the insects that hatched from irradiated eggs (50 Gy). Furthermore, the life span of the adults was reduced in response to 50 Gy radiation. The negative effects carried over to the next generation were marked by significantly lower fecundity in the F1 generation of the irradiation groups as compared to control. The radiation induced morphological abnormalities at the pupal, as well as the adult, stages. Furthermore, variations in the gene expression following irradiation are discussed. Taken together, our results signify the utility of 60Co-γ radiation for fruit fly postharvest management.
Differences in Symptomatic Presentation and Cognitive Performance Among Participants With LATE-NC Compared to FTLD-TDP
Authors: Teylan Merilee A , Mock Charles , Gauthreaux Kathryn , Culhane Jessica E , Jicha Gregory , Chen Yen-Chi , Chan Kwun C G , Kukull Walter A , Nelson Peter T , Katsumata Yuriko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is aberrantly aggregated and phosphorylated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration of the TDP-43 type (FTLD-TDP), and in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). We examined data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center to compare clinical features of autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC and FTLD-TDP. A total of 265 LATE-NC and 92 FTLD-TDP participants were included. Cognitive and behavioral symptoms were compared, stratified by level of impairment based on global clinical dementia rating (CDR) score. LATE-NC participants were older at death, more likely to carry APOE ε4, more likely to have Alzheimer disease neuropathology, and had lower (i.e. less severe) final CDR global scores than those with FTLD-TDP. Participants with FTLD-TDP were more likely to present with primary progressive aphasia, or behavior problems such as apathy, disinhibition, and personality changes. Among participants with final CDR score of 2–3, those with LATE-NC were more likely to have visuospatial impairment, delusions, and/or visual hallucinations. These differences were robust after sensitivity analyses excluding older (≥80 years at death), LATE-NC stage 3, or severe Alzheimer cases. Overall, FTLD-TDP was more globally severe, and affected younger participants, whereas psychoses were more common in LATE-NC.
The Particle ′Kdy in the Namārah Inscription and a New Interpretation of Line 4
Authors: Al-Jallad Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper edits a new Safaitic inscription that attests the particle ‘kd(y), also found in the Namārah inscription. Based on the clear context of the Safaitic attestation, we can now be certain that the particle is a conjunction meaning ‘then’, ‘thereafter’, ‘until’ although its etymology remains uncertain. The paper then moves to a discussion on the linguistic relationship between the Arabic of the Namārah inscription and Safaitic, cautioning against the practice of labelling any pre-Islamic text attesting the ’l-definite article as Classical Arabic. Finally, a new interpretation of line 4 of the Namārah inscription is offered in an attempt to remedy the problem of double vassalage.
Conducting mass gathering events during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of Kumbh Mela 2021 as a potential ‘super spreader event’
Authors: Shukla Saurabh , Khan Ramsha , Ahmed Yusuf , Memish Ziad A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
With the emergence of novel pathogens, there is a worldwide debate on the cancellation or conduction of mass gathering events.

Methods
In the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation, this study assesses the challenges in the conduction of the recently held Kumbh Mela mass gathering (MG), which took place from 14th January 2021 to 29th April 2021 at Haridwar, the capital city of the state of Uttarakhand, India. The correlation between increased cases of COVID-19 and the Kumbh Mela MG has been highlighted through statistical analysis and growth curves using the available data.

Results
The Kumbh Mela-2021 emerged as a potential super spreader event with an increase of 37 cases per day to 144 cases per day (276%) in the COVID-19 cases in Haridwar. An increase from 138 to 480 cases per day (236%) and from 45 600 to 92 754 cases per day (92%) was noted in Uttarakhand and India respectively during this MG. A very strong correlation of ‘more than 0.99’ was seen between the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Uttarakhand and Haridwar, and Haridwar and India during the Kumbh Mela in the third wave of the pandemic.

Conclusions
The direct influence of Kumbh Mela on the increase in the overall number of COVID-19 cases is observed. Although, the socio-cultural, psychological and economical advantages of MGs are considerable in a developing nation like India, but organization of such events can be a huge health hazard. The lack of efficient implementation and observance of COVID-19 guidelines elevates the necessity of cancellation of such MGs to prevent the outbreak of diseases. Thus, a well-conducted risk assessment prior to the hosting of a MG event during a pandemic is required with strict application of precautionary measures towards prevention of super-spreader events.
Firming up your tomato: a natural promoter variation in a MADS-box gene is causing all-flesh tomatoes
Authors: Trubanová Nina , Shi Jiaqi , Schilling Susanne 
Published: September 2021

This article comments on:Liu L, Zhang K, Bai JR, Lu J, Lu X, Hu J, Pan C, He S, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Guo Y, Wang X, Huang Z, Du Y, Cheng F, Li J. 2022. All-flesh fruit in tomato is controlled by reduced expression dosage of AFF through a structural variant mutation in the promoter. Journal of Experimental Botany 73, 123–138.
Potential use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for simultaneous mitigation of arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice
Authors: Li Hui , Gao Meng Ying , Mo Ce Hui , Wong Ming Hung , Chen Xun Wen , Wang Jun-Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRice polluted by metal(loid)s, especially arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), imposes serious health risks. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the obligate plant symbionts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce As and Cd concentrations in rice. The behaviours of metal(loid)s in the soil–rice–AMF system are of significant interest for scientists in the fields of plant biology, microbiology, agriculture, and environmental science. We review the mechanisms of As and Cd accumulation in rice with and without the involvement of AMF. In the context of the soil–rice–AMF system, we assess and discuss the role of AMF in affecting soil ion mobility, chemical forms, transport pathways (including the symplast and apoplast), and genotype variation. A potential strategy for AMF application in rice fields is considered, followed by future research directions to improve theoretical understanding and encourage field application.
The Neighborhood of the Spike Gene Is a Hotspot for Modular Intertypic Homologous and Nonhomologous Recombination in Coronavirus Genomes
Authors: Nikolaidis Marios , Markoulatos Panayotis , Van de Peer Yves , Oliver Stephen G , Amoutzias Grigorios D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) have very large RNA viral genomes with a distinct genomic architecture of core and accessory open reading frames (ORFs). It is of utmost importance to understand their patterns and limits of homologous and nonhomologous recombination, because such events may affect the emergence of novel CoV strains, alter their host range, infection rate, tissue tropism pathogenicity, and their ability to escape vaccination programs. Intratypic recombination among closely related CoVs of the same subgenus has often been reported; however, the patterns and limits of genomic exchange between more distantly related CoV lineages (intertypic recombination) need further investigation. Here, we report computational/evolutionary analyses that clearly demonstrate a substantial ability for CoVs of different subgenera to recombine. Furthermore, we show that CoVs can obtain—through nonhomologous recombination—accessory ORFs from core ORFs, exchange accessory ORFs with different CoV genera, with other viruses (i.e., toroviruses, influenza C/D, reoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses) and even with hosts. Intriguingly, most of these radical events result from double crossovers surrounding the Spike ORF, thus highlighting both the instability and mobile nature of this genomic region. Although many such events have often occurred during the evolution of various CoVs, the genomic architecture of the relatively young SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 lineage so far appears to be stable.
Osteocrin, a bone-derived humoral factor, exerts a renoprotective role in ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Nishiguchi Yoshihiko , Hata Yusuke , Date Ryosuke , Fujimoto Daisuke , Umemoto Shuro , Kanki Tomoko , Yokoi Hideki , Mori Keita P , Handa Takaya , Watanabe-Takano Haruko , Kanai Yugo , Yasoda Akihiro , Izumi Yuichiro , Kakizoe Yutaka , Mochizuki Naoki , Mukoyama Masashi , Kuwabara Takashige 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Osteocrin (OSTN), a bone-derived humoral factor, was reported to act on heart and bone by potentiating the natriuretic peptide (NP) system. Ostn gene polymorphisms have been associated with renal function decline, but its pathophysiological role in the kidney remains unclear.

Methods
The role of endogenous OSTN was investigated using systemic Ostn-knockout (KO) mice. As a model for OSTN administration, liver-specific Ostn-overexpressing mice crossed with KO (KO-Tg) were generated. These mice were subjected to unilateral ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and renal lesions after 21 days of insult were evaluated. A comprehensive analysis of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was performed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Reporter plasmid-transfected proximal tubular cells (NRK52E) were used to investigate the mechanism by which OSTN affects the pathway.

Results
After injury, KO mice showed marginal worsening of renal fibrosis compared with wild-type mice, with comparable renal atrophy. KO-Tg mice showed significantly ameliorated renal atrophy, fibrosis and tubular injury, together with reduced expressions of fibrosis- and inflammation-related genes. The PCR array showed that the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was attenuated in KO-Tg mice. The downstream targets Mmp7, Myc and Axin2 showed similar results. MMP7 and Wnt2 were induced in corticomedullary proximal tubules after injury, but not in KO-Tg. In NRK52E, OSTN significantly potentiated the inhibitory effects of NP on transforming growth factor β1–induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which was reproduced by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate analog.

Conclusions
Ectopic Ostn overexpression ameliorated subsequent renal injury following ischemia–reperfusion. OSTN could represent possible renoprotection in acute to chronic kidney disease transition, thus serving as a potential therapeutic strategy.
An Investigation of Maximal Strength of the Upper Limb Bilaterally in Individuals With Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Heales Luke J , Bout Nicola , Dines Brandon , Parker Tegan , Reddiex Kent , Kean Crystal O , Obst Steven J 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of bilateral upper limb strength deficits in individuals with unilateral lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET).

Methods
The electronic databases Medline via Ovid, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2020. Included studies encompassed maximal strength outcomes of any upper limb and appendicular musculature in individuals with LET and an asymptomatic comparator. Study quality was rated using a modified version of the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument. Hedges g effect sizes (ES) and 95% CIs were calculated for comparisons of maximal strength in the LET group and an asymptomatic control group. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed when possible.

Results
Fourteen studies were included. Quality appraisal resulted in a mean Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument score of 46% (SD = 10%). Meta-analysis revealed strength deficits in shoulder abduction (pooled ES = −0.37 [95% CI = −0.62 to −0.12]) and shoulder external rotation (pooled ES = −0.55 [95% CI = −0.83 to −0.28]) of the symptomatic limb compared with an asymptomatic control group. Meta-analysis also revealed maximal strength deficits in the upper trapezius (pooled ES = −0.26 [95% CI = −0.49 to −0.02]) of the asymptomatic limb compared with an asymptomatic control group. There was also consistent evidence for strength deficits in the serratus anterior, lower trapezius, and wrist extensor muscles and deficits in grip strength of the symptomatic limb as well as strength deficits in the wrist extensor muscles of the asymptomatic limb in individuals with unilateral LET.

Conclusion
In individuals with LET, there were maximal strength deficits in shoulder abduction, shoulder external rotation, serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles, and wrist extension, as well as deficits in grip strength of the symptomatic limb compared with an asymptomatic control group. In addition, there appeared to be strength deficits in the upper trapezius muscle, wrist extension, and metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension, as well as deficits in grip strength of the asymptomatic limb in individuals with LET compared with an asymptomatic control group. These results suggest bilateral strength deficits.

Impact
These findings highlight the importance of a thorough physical examination and appropriate strengthening intervention for the upper limb with a focus on shoulder and scapular stabilizers, in addition to forearm muscles, in individuals with LET.

Lay Summary
In people with tennis elbow, widespread strength deficits, including weakness of the shoulder, forearm, and wrist muscles, may exist. Interestingly, some of these weaknesses appear on both the affected and the unaffected sides in people with tennis elbow. A physical therapist can help strengthen these areas.
Comparison between Salbutamol and Salbutamol with Magnesium Sulphate by nebulization in Treatment of Acute Asthma in Asthmatic Patient
Authors: El kady Galal Adel , Elmalek Fady Adeb Abd , Shahaat Gerges Amine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Asthma exacerbations are acute or subacute episodes of breathlessness, cough, wheezing, and chest tightness, or any combination of these symptoms. Exacerbations are associated with airways obstruction that should be documented and quantified by PEF or FEVI measurement. Early treatment of asthma exacerbations should be the best strategy for management.

Objective
To compare fast effectiveness between the nebulized salbutamol with normal Saline and salbutamol with magnesium sulphate by nebulizer in treatment of acute asthma. Patients and Methods: This two armed prospective randomized study included 60 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit, Ain Shams University Hospital from July 2019 to July 2020. Patients were randomized into two equal groups: group A which included 30 patients on salbutamol nebulization and group B that included 30 patients on combination of salbutamol and magnesium sulphate.

Results
systolic blood pressure, diastolic Bl. P and FEVI were higher among salbutamol group (A) than combination group (B), meanwhile HR and 02% were significantly lower among group A than group B with statistically insignificant differences (p &gt; 0.05). Group A had significantly higher mean of RR (20±1.33) than group B (17.2 ±1.14) (p &lt; 0.001). Also, Group A had significantly higher mean of PEFR (217.5 ±74.72) than group B (125±78.05) (p = 0.014). There were significant differences between in group A in HR and 02% before and after TTT (p &lt; 0.05). With treatment, the pulse rate rose significantly (p = 0.010) but there was no significant change in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The 02% rose significantly (p&lt;O.001). There were significant differences between in group B in RR, HR, 02%, PEFR and FEVI before and after TTT (p &lt; 0.05). With treatment, the respiratory rate declined significantly (p &lt; 0.001), the pulse rate declined significantly (p = 0.013) in but there was no significant change in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The PEFR rose significantly (p = 0.001) and also the 02% rose significantly (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Nebulized MgS04, either alone or combined with salbutamol, has a clinically significant bronchodilator effect in acute asthma. This suggests that a combination of MgS04 and salbutamol may be the best choice for the management of acute exacerbations of asthma.
Comparative Study between the Effect of Ultrasound Guided Pectoral Nerve Block (PEC 1) versus Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) For Postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: El-Megeed Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Abd , Hassan Alaa Eid Mohamed , Ashour Tarek Mohamed Ahmed , Youssef Ahmed Mounir Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer has continued to be the most common cancer afflicting women, accounting for 31% of all new cancer cases in the female population. Every year, thousands of patients undergo surgery in the region of the breast and axilla. Surgery is one of the mainstays of treatment, and a procedure called modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is now a standard surgical treatment for earlystage breast cancers.

Objectives
The aim of this work is to evaluate the Effectiveness of Ultrasound Guided Pectoral nerve block (PEC1) versus Serratus Anterior plane block (SAPB) for postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy

Patients and Methods
After obtaining approval from the medical ethical committee in Ain Shams University This study was conducted in the operating theatres of Ain Shams University Hospitals. It included Thirty Female patients undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy were divided randomly into two groups, each group consisted of 15 patients group I in which patients received PEC 1 and group II in which patients received Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB).

Results
The two groups were adequately monitored and assessed post-operatively and they were compared regarding analgesic outcome by using the visual analogue scaling system, besides, recording time for first for analgesic need and total consumption of opioid and analgesic in the 1st 24 postoperative hours. Demographic data and post operative hemodynamics were also assessed.

Conclusion
SAPB was effective in reducing postoperative pain scores for 6 -12 hours and lower total 24-h postoperative opioid and analgesic consumption after Modified Radical Mastectomy under general anesthesia, compared to PEC 1 block.