bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Teorema Phytagoras
Authors: Wahyuni Loria , Huriyati Nining 
Published: June 2021

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan sikap tanggung jawab siswa dalam pembelajaran masih kurang dalam hal menyelesaikan tugas individu. Model pembelajaran konvensional yang digunakan oleh guru kurang sesuai dengan spesifikasi materi pelajaran, sehingga pembelajaran yang dilakukan kurang memberi kesempatan seluas-luasnya bagi siswa untuk aktif mengkonstruksikan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya serta kurang mempertimbangkan hakikat gaya belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penulis ingin mengadakan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model pembelajaran picture and picture yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa dan mengatasi masalah tersebut di atas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Dimana Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa Kelas VIIIA, VIII B Dan VIII C yang berjumlah 3 kelas dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 62 siswa dengan kelas eksperimen adalah kelas VIII A dan keas control adalah VIII C. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi uji normalitas, homogenitas, kesamaan rata-rata dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran picture and picture terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa pada pokok bahasan Teorema Phytagoras. Selanjutnya rekomendasi atau saran untuk penelitian berikutnya adalah supaya menggunakan model pembelajaran picture and picture disertai dengan media animasi yang bias membuat peserta didik menjadi lebih tertarik dalam megikuti pembelajaran matematika.
Kepatuhan Mengonsumsi Suplemen Kalsium Pada Ibu Primipara dan Multipara dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia
Authors: Harahap Nirmala , Fitriani Wiwin Nur 
Published: June 2021

Preeklampsia merupakan penyebab tertinggi ke tiga kematian ibu setelah perdarahan dan infeksi. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa suplemen kalsium mampu mengurangi resiko terjadinya preeklampsia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan mengonsumsi suplemen kalsium pada ibu primipara dan multipara dengan kejadian preeklampsia di RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan tahun 2020. Jenis Penelitian mengggunakan analitik dengan pendekatan cohort retrosfektif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin di RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan sebanyak 124 orang. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney, uji korelasi spearman, dan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan mengonsumsi kalsium pada kelompok ibu primipara dan multipara (Pv=0,524). Namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna kepatuhan mengonsumsi kalsium pada kelompok ibu tidak preeklampsia dan preeklampsia (Pv=0,000). Tingkat kepatuhan mengonsumsi kalsium juga berhubungan dengan faktor perancu dalam penelitian ini seperti dukungan keluarga (Pv=0,003), sedangkan variabel lainnya seperti umur (Pv=0,304), kunjungan antenatal care (Pv =0,058), pengetahuan (Pv=0,386), dan peran tenaga kesehatan (Pv=0,198) bukan sebagai perancu. Selain itu kejadian preeklampsia juga terkait dengan variabel perancu yaitu dukungan keluarga (Pv=0,000), sedangkan variabel perancu lainnya seperti umur (Pv=0,143), kunjungan antenatal care (Pv =0,615), pengetahuan (Pv =0,160), dan peran tenaga Kesehatan (Pv=0,152) bukan sebagai perancu.
Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dalam Pemenuhan Nutrisi Balita Stunting
Authors: Naulia Resi Putri , Hendrawati Hendrawati , Saudi La 
Published: June 2021

Edukasi gizi bertujuan untuk mengurangi masalah gizi yang ditargetkan pada perubahan pengetahunan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua berkaitan dengan pemenuhan nutrisi balita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam pemenuhan nutrisi balita stunting. Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment dengan non-equivalent control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 ibu yang memiliki balita stunting, yang dibagi dalam kelompok intervensi (KI) dan kelompok kontrol (KK) masing-masing 30 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pengetahuan (Pv=0,005) dan sikap ibu dalam pemenuhan nutrisi (Pv=0,046) sebelum dan setelah edukasi gizi pada KI. Sementara pada KK tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna pengetahuan (Pv=0,655) dan sikap dalam pemenuhan nutrisi (Pv=1,000). Edukasi gizi pada ibu sangat penting untuk dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemenuhan nutrisi pada balita.
Pengembangan dan Penyusunan Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Kewargaan Negara sesuai Kebutuhan Mahasiswa dan Masyarakat pada Program PGSD FKIP Unib
Authors: Juarsa Osa Juarsa , Djuwita Puspa Djuwita 
Published: June 2021

Agar kompetensi lulusan serta isi bahan ajar sesuai dengan tuntutan KKNI serta tuntutan kebutuhan lapangan (stakeholder) maka isi kompetensi lulusan serta semua bahan ajar perlu ditinjau ulang untuk disesuaikan dengan jenjag kompetensi KKNI dan kebutuhan stakeholder. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survey yaitu peneliti berupaya untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang kompetensi lulusan dan bahan ajar dari stakeholder dan mahasiswa yang diharapkan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa PGSD setelah menempuh mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket yang disusun berdasarkan pokok-pokok bahan ajar yang selayaknya dikuasai oleh mahasiswa PGSD, disamping kemungkinan baru tambahan kompetensi dan isi kompetensi menurut responden. Data yang terkumpul dianalis secara deskriptif argumentatif mengenai isi kompetensi dan bahan ajar yang seharusnya dikuasai oleh mahasiswa. Kesimpulan menunjukan bahwa kompetensi dan pokok-pokok bahan ajar Mk PKn yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa dan stakeholder yaitu konsep dasar hakikat pendidikan kewarganegaraan, esensi dan urgensi identitas nasional, urgensi integrasi nasional, nilai dan norma UUD NRI 1945 dan konstitusionalitas, harmoni kewajiban dan hak Negara dan warga Negara dalam demokrasi, Dinamika historis konstitusional social politik, kultural serta konteks kontemporer penegakkan hokum yang berkeadilan, Wawasan Nusantara, dan Ketahanan Nasional
Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite
Authors: Ameh Alechine E. , Musyoka Nicholas M. , Oyekola Oluwaseun , Louis Benoit , Petrik Leslie F. 
Published: June 2021

Stable HBEA zeolite with high surface area and strong acid sites was synthesized from coal fly ash–based silica extract via indirect hydrothermal synthesis. The rapid HBEA hydrothermal crystallization times of 8, 10, and 12 h were achieved through a reduced molar water fraction in the synthesis composition. The HBEA zeolites prepared from fly ash silica extract exhibited well-defined spheroidal-shaped crystal morphology with uniform particle sizes of 192, 190, or 239 nm obtained after 8, 10, or 12 h of synthesis time, respectively. The high surface area and the microporous area of 702 and 722 m2/g were achieved as a function of shorter hydrothermal synthesis durations (10 and 24 h, respectively) compared to 48 or 72 h, which resulted in HBEA zeolites with lower surface areas of 538 and 670 m2/g. Likewise, temperature-programmed desorption measurements of fly ash–based HBEA zeolites revealed the presence of weak and strong acid sites in the zeolite. The submicron crystal sizes with a well-defined porosity of HBEA zeolites enhanced the diffusion of anisole and benzoyl chloride molecules toward the active acid sites and hence showed better conversion and selectivity in acylation products. High conversion of benzoyl chloride with anisole was achieved, reaching up to 83% with a 93–96% selectivity toward 4-methoxyacetophenone.
Characterisation of Bacteriophage-Encoded Depolymerases Selective for Key Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsular Exopolysaccharides
Authors: Blundell-Hunter George , Enright Mark C. , Negus David , Dorman Matthew J. , Beecham Gemma E. , Pickard Derek J. , Wintachai Phitchayapak , Voravuthikunchai Supayang P. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Taylor Peter W. 
Published: June 2021

Capsular polysaccharides enable clinically important clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cause severe systemic infections in susceptible hosts. Phage-encoded capsule depolymerases have the potential to provide an alternative treatment paradigm in patients when multiple drug resistance has eroded the efficacy of conventional antibiotic chemotherapy. An investigation of 164 K. pneumoniae from intensive care patients in Thailand revealed a large number of distinct K types in low abundance but four (K2, K51, K1, K10) with a frequency of at least 5%. To identify depolymerases with the capacity to degrade capsules associated with these common K-types, 62 lytic phage were isolated from Thai hospital sewage water using K1, K2 and K51 isolates as hosts; phage plaques, without exception, displayed halos indicative of the presence of capsule-degrading enzymes. Phage genomes ranged in size from 41–348 kb with between 50 and 535 predicted coding sequences (CDSs). Using a custom phage protein database we were successful in applying annotation to 30 - 70% (mean = 58%) of these CDSs. The largest genomes, of so-called jumbo phage, carried multiple tRNAs as well as CRISPR repeat and spacer sequences. One of the smaller phage genomes was found to contain a putative Cas type 1E gene, indicating a history of host DNA acquisition in these obligate lytic phage. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) indicated that some phage displayed an extended host range due to the presence of multiple depolymerase genes; in total, 42 candidate depolymerase genes were identified with up to eight in a single genome. Seven distinct virions were selected for further investigation on the basis of host range, phage morphology and WGS. Candidate genes for K1, K2 and K51 depolymerases were expressed and purified as his6-tagged soluble protein and enzymatic activity demonstrated against K. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides by gel electrophoresis and Anton-Paar rolling ball viscometry. Depolymerases completely removed the capsule in K-type-specific fashion from K. pneumoniae cells. We conclude that broad-host range phage carry multiple enzymes, each with the capacity to degrade a single K-type, and any future use of these enzymes as therapeutic agents will require enzyme cocktails for utility against a range of K. pneumoniae infections.
Response of Peatland CO2 and CH4 Fluxes to Experimental Warming and the Carbon Balance
Authors: Li Qian , Gogo Sébastien , Leroy Fabien , Guimbaud Christophe , Laggoun-Défarge Fatima 
Published: June 2021

The function of peatlands as a large carbon (C) reservoir results from the net C uptake under cold, wet, and acid environments. However, in the context of global warming, the balance between C input and release is expected to change, which may further alter the C sink of peatlands. To examine the response to climate warming of a temperate Sphagnum peatland which has been invaded by vascular plants, a mesocosm experiment was conducted with open top chambers (OTCs) to simulate a moderate temperature increase. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and methane (CH4) emissions were monitored for 2 years. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes were modeled by relating to abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, water table depth (WTD), and vegetation, in order to calculate the annual C budget. Results showed that the annual cumulated GPP was significantly enhanced by the simulated warming (−602 compared to −501 gC m−2 yr−1 in OTC and control plots, respectively), mainly due to the increase of graminoid biomass by warming, while experimental warming had no significant effect on the annual ER and CH4 emissions (an output of 615 and 500 gC m−2 yr−1 for ER; 21 and 16 gC m−2 yr−1 for CH4 emissions in OTC and control plots, respectively). The annual NEE and C budget were not affected by the short-term experimental warming. The mesocosms under both treatments acted as a gaseous C source with 34 and 14 gC m−2 yr−1 output under OTC and control treatment, respectively. This C source was driven by the strong net carbon dioxide (CO2) release during a low WTD period in summer, as CH4 emissions only accounted for 0.9–2.2% of the total C fluxes. Our study identified the effect of moderate warming on the C fluxes, even on a short-term basis. Also, our findings highlighted that the response of C fluxes to warming largely depends on the WTD and vegetation composition. Thus, long-term monitoring of hydrology and vegetation change under climate warming is essential to examine their interactions in determining the C fluxes in peatlands.
Testosterone Deficiency Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19
Authors: Lanser Lukas , Burkert Francesco Robert , Thommes Lis , Egger Alexander , Hoermann Gregor , Kaser Susanne , Pinggera Germar Michael , Anliker Markus , Griesmacher Andrea , Weiss Günter , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMale sex is related to increased COVID-19 severity and fatality although confirmed infections are similarly distributed between men and women. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the impact of sex hormones on disease progression and immune activation in men with COVID-19.Patients and MethodsWe studied for effects of sex hormones on disease severity and immune activation in 377 patients (230 men, 147 women) with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections hospitalized at the Innsbruck University Hospital between February and December 2020.ResultsMen had more severe COVID-19 with concomitant higher immune system activation upon hospital admission when compared to women. Men with a severe course of infection had lower serum total testosterone (tT) levels whereas luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) levels were within the normal range. tT deficiency was associated with elevated CRP (rs = - 0.567, p &lt; 0.001), IL-6 levels (rs = - 0.563, p &lt; 0.001), lower cholesterol levels (rs = 0.407, p &lt; 0.001) and an increased morbidity and mortality. Men with tT levels &lt; 100 ng/dL had a more than eighteen-fold higher in-hospital mortality risk (OR 18.243 [95%CI 2.301 – 144.639], p = 0.006) compared to men with tT levels &gt; 230 ng/dL. Moreover, while morbidity and mortality showed a positive correlation with E2 levels at admission, we detected a negative correlation with the tT/E2 ratio upon hospital admission.ConclusionHospitalized men with COVID-19 present with rather low testosterone levels linked to more advanced immune activation, severe clinical manifestations translating into an increased risk for ICU admission or death. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive but may include infection driven hypogonadism as well as inflammation mediated cholesterol reduction causing gonadotropin suppression and impaired androgen formation. Finally, in elderly late onset hypogonadism might also contribute to lower testosterone levels.
Patterns of Immune Infiltration in Endometriosis and Their Relationship to r-AFS Stages
Authors: Zhong Qiyu , Yang Fan , Chen Xiaochuan , Li Jinbo , Zhong Cailing , Chen Shuqin 
Published: June 2021

Background: Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disease in which endometrial glands and stroma arise outside the uterus. Current studies have suggested that the number and function of immune cells are abnormal in the abdominal fluid and ectopic lesion tissues of patients with EMS. The developed CIBERSORT method allows immune cell profiling by the deconvolution of gene expression microarray data.Methods: By applying CIBERSORT, we assessed the relative proportions of immune cells in 68 normal endometrial tissues (NO), 112 eutopic endometrial tissues (EU) and 24 ectopic endometrial tissues (EC). The obtained immune cell profiles provided enumeration and activation status of 22 immune cell subtypes. We obtained associations between the immune cell environment and EMS r-AFS stages. Macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 60 patients with ovarian endometriomas.Results: Total natural killer (NK) cells were significantly decreased in EC, while plasma cells and resting CD4 memory T cells were increased in EC. Total macrophages in EC were significantly increased compared to those of EU and NO, and M2 macrophages were the primary macrophages in EC. Compared to those of EC from patients with r-AFS stage I ~ II, M2 macrophages in EC from patients with stage III ~ IV were significantly increased. IHC experiments showed that total macrophages were increased in EC, with M2 macrophages being the primary subtype.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that deconvolution of gene expression data by CIBERSORT provides valuable information about immune cell composition in EMS.
Pembrolizumab-Induced Thyroiditis Shows PD-L1Expressing Histiocytes and Infiltrating T Cells in Thyroid Tissue - A Case Report
Authors: Jabkowski Jörg , Loidl Almute , Auinger Barbara , Kehrer Helmut , Sepp Norbert , Pichler Robert 
Published: June 2021

ContextImmune-related adverse events frequently take place after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy. The thyroid gland is the endocrine organ most commonly affected by ICI therapy, the pathological mechanism is still poorly understood.Case DescriptionA 60-year old Upper Austrian male melanoma patient under pembrolizumab therapy received thyroidectomy because of a suspicious FDG avid thyroid nodule. Histopathology showed a pattern comparable with thyroiditis de Quervain. The inflammatory process consisted predominantly of T lymphocytes with a dominance of CD4+ T helper cells. In addition CD68+ histiocytes co-expressing PD-L1 were observed.ConclusionClusters of perifollicular histiocytes expressing PD-L1 were observed in this case of pembrolizumab induced thyroiditis - probably induced by the former ICI therapy. This finding might indicate the initial target for the breakdown of self tolerance. In context with other data the immunological process seems to be driven by CD3+ lymphocytes infiltrating the thyroid.
Real-World Data on Outcomes in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Abiraterone or Enzalutamide: A Regional Experience
Authors: Raju Rachel , Sahu Arvind , Klevansky Myron , Torres Javier 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBoth abiraterone and enzalutamide have shown to improve overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) regardless of previous treatment with chemotherapy (COU-AA3011, COU-AA3022, AFFIRM3 and PREVAIL4). The data regarding the impact of these treatments in the real world setting is scarce. This study assessed the real world survival and disease outcomes in mCRPC patients in a regional health service in Victoria with the use of abiraterone and enzalutamide.MethodsThis retrospective clinical audit included 75 patients with diagnosis of mCRPC treated with either abiraterone or enzalutamide between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019, at Goulburn Valley Health. Patients were stratified according to the drug received, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Gleason score, burden of disease at diagnosis, presence of visceral metastases and use of previous chemotherapy. The primary end point was PSA response (defined as a reduction in the PSA level from baseline by 50% or more). The secondary outcomes were PSA PFS, radiographic PFS, and OS.ResultsThirty-seven patients received enzalutamide, and the other 38 received abiraterone. Only 20% of patients in either group had visceral metastases. 32% of patients receiving enzalutamide had a high burden of disease, compared to 53% receiving abiraterone. 38% of patients in the enzalutamide group and 53% in the abiraterone group had received prior chemotherapy. PSA response rates were higher in the enzalutamide group than abiraterone group (70.3% vs 37.8%). Both PSA and radiographic PFS were longer in the enzalutamide group than abiraterone group; 7 months vs 5 months for both end points. OS was also found to be longer in patients receiving enzalutamide; 30 months compared to only 13 months in patients receiving abiraterone.ConclusionBoth abiraterone and enzalutamide have shown to result in significant PSA response rates, as well as PFS and OS benefit in mCRPC patients in the real world setting. The difference in responses and survival benefit are probably impacted by the unbalanced burden of disease.
Exercise Capacity, Ventilatory Response, and Gas Exchange in COPD Patients With Mild to Severe Obstruction Residing at High Altitude
Authors: Gonzalez-Garcia Mauricio , Barrero Margarita , Maldonado Dario 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundExercise intolerance, desaturation, and dyspnea are common features in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At altitude, the barometric pressure (BP) decreases, and therefore the inspired oxygen pressure and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) also decrease in healthy subjects and even more in patients with COPD. Most of the studies evaluating ventilation and arterial blood gas (ABG) during exercise in COPD patients have been conducted at sea level and in small populations of people ascending to high altitudes. Our objective was to compare exercise capacity, gas exchange, ventilatory alterations, and symptoms in COPD patients at the altitude of Bogotá (2,640 m), of all degrees of severity.MethodsMeasurement during a cardiopulmonary exercise test of oxygen consumption (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), heart rate (HR), ventilatory equivalents of CO2 (VE/VCO2), inspiratory capacity (IC), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2), and ABG. For the comparison of the variables between the control subjects and the patients according to the GOLD stages, the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test or the one-way analysis of variance test was used.ResultsEighty-one controls and 525 patients with COPD aged 67.5 ± 9.1 years were included. Compared with controls, COPD patients had lower VO2 and VE (p &lt; 0.001) and higher VE/VCO2 (p = 0.001), A-aPO2, and VD/VT (p &lt; 0.001). In COPD patients, PaO2 and saturation decreased, and delta IC (p = 0.004) and VT/IC increased (p = 0.002). These alterations were also seen in mild COPD and progressed with increasing severity of the obstruction.ConclusionThe main findings of this study in COPD patients residing at high altitude were a progressive decrease in exercise capacity, increased dyspnea, dynamic hyperinflation, restrictive mechanical constraints, and gas exchange abnormalities during exercise, across GOLD stages 1–4. In patients with mild COPD, there were also lower exercise capacity and gas exchange alterations, with significant differences from controls. Compared with studies at sea level, because of the lower inspired oxygen pressure and the compensatory increase in ventilation, hypoxemia at rest and during exercise was more severe; PaCO2 and PETCO2 were lower; and VE/VO2 was higher.