bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of superior maize varieties high yield and biomass the availability of animal feed
Authors: Erawati Baiq Tri Ratna , Triguna Yanti , Hipi Awaludin , Widiastuti Eka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Maize is the second important commodity after rice in Indonesia. The application of high yielding varieties is one of the best strategies to increase productivity in maize development areas. The aim of the study was to obtain superior varieties with the highest yield potential and biomass to increase productivity and its availability as animal feed. The research was conducted in Pringgabaya district, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara from April to June 2020. The field experiment used a randomized block design with treatment of 8 hybrid varieties, where six new superior varieties (Bima-14, Bima 20, HJ-21, JH-27, JH-37, Nasa-29) and two comparison varieties (Bisi-2 and Pioner 21), each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that there were 3 high yielding hybrid maize varieties, namely JH-37 (8.43 t/ha), Nasa-29 (8.35 t/ha) and HJ-21 (8.15 t/ha) significantly differ from other varieties. For the highest biomass potential, there are 3 superior varieties of hybrid maize, namely HJ-21 (4.82 t/ha), Bima-20 (4.69 t/ha) and JH-27 (4.56 t/ha). High yielding hybrid maize varieties that available as animal feed were JH 37, Nasa-29 and HJ-21.
The effect of sulphur and lime dosage application on grain yield of hybrid maize
Authors: Tabri F. , Syafruddin  , Aqil M. , Herawati  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The preparation of the Method for Determining Fertilizer S Recommendations for Maize based on Soil Analysis and Yield has been carried out at the Bontobili Installation, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, from February 2020 to May 2020. The purpose of this experiment is to find out S fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis. The pH of the study site was <6.5, and to make a difference in soil pH, it was incubated with lime 2 t/ha to raise the pH to neutral and 4 t/ha to obtain a pH >7.5. For each soil pH condition treatment was made using a split plot group design. The main plots were given agricultural lime at a rate of 0, 200kg/ha, 400 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha.. While the sub-plots were fertilized with S, namely: 0.20,40,60,80, kg S with 3 (three) replications. All treatments will be fertilized with N and P based on soil analysis. The highest yield was obtained with lime and S fertilizer at the dose of K3S60 (600 kg/ha lime and 60 t/ha S fertilizer) showing the highest yield of 10.81 t/ha and not significantly different from the K3S80 treatment (600 t/ha lime). and fertilizer S 80 kg/ha) which is 10.64 t/ha.
Evaluating the implementation of fertilizer-based decision support systems to increase yield productivity and efficiency of irrigated rice farming in West Java
Authors: Sembiring Hasil , Patriyawaty Nia Romania , Nugraha Dedi , Ramadhan Rizky Prayogo , Purwanto Oky Dwi , Erythrina  , Subekti Nuning Argo , Susilowati  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nutrient management and fertilizer application are paramount elements for increasing rice productivity. However, most of farmers are still applying fertilizer in an improper way and hence economic benefit of the yield remain low. The objective of this study was to examine various fertilizer recommendations and hence the best and efficient dose of fertilizer can be obtain to increase growth and yield of rice. This experiment was conducted in farmers irrigated lowland Sukabumi, West Java in dry season 2019. The material used was high yielding IR-64 rice variety subjected to six fertilizer recommendation, namely urea only (A), LKP (B), factory’s recommendation (C), PUTS, (D), KATAM (E) and farmer’s practice (F). This experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The quantitative morphological and physiological traits and financial analysis were observed. The result showed that fertilizer significantly affected morphological, physiological parameters and grain yield of rice. PUTS and KATAM (9,7t/ha) treatments had higher grain yield compared to other treatments. Fertilizer by farmer’s practice tended lower in morphological, physiological and grain yield responses compared to other fertilizer recommendation. Similar pattern showed for yield components such as panicle number, grains number and % empty grain were also affected by fertilizer recommendation. Based on the financial analysis that treatment with LKP fertilizer recommendation had higher profit (75.61%) compared with farmer’s practice. That treatment can reduce fertilizer costs by 61.57%, can increase revenue by 14.04% and give a profit of Rp. 5,580,969,-.
Assessment of maize-peanut intercropping and its potential waste usage for cattle feed in dry land
Authors: Adijaya I N , Budiari N L G , Yasa I M R , Sari A R K , Silitonga T F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntercropping planting system is one of methods to enhance the land productivity. The maize and peanut crops waste has high beneficial to farmers for cattle feed. The study of maize and peanut crops intercropping has been conducted in May-August 2020. Study was arranged by using Randomized Complete Block Design with 5 treatments and replicated for 8 times. Treatments examined were P1: Srikandi Kuning maize variety cultivated by monoculture planting system; P2: Nasa 29 maize variety cultivated by monoculture; P3: Peanut crop cultivated by monoculture; P4: Srikandi Kuning and peanut crop cultivated by intercropping; P5: Nasa 29 and peanut crop cultivated by intercropping. Variables observed were growth and yield components and analysed by analysis of variance and advanced tested by LSD at 5%. To know the land productivity, the calculation ofLand Equivalent Ratio(LER) was done meanwhile theIndex of Plant Competition(IPC) also was calculated to know the plant competition level. Results showed that the peanut crop productivity by intercropping was decrease about 37.50%-38.79% compared to monoculture. Meanwhile, the productivity of Srikandi Kuning maize variety was also decrease due to the reducing of plant population. The intercropping of Srikandi Kuning and Nasa 29 variety with peanut crop enhance the LER became 1.02 and 1.03. The utilization of Nasa 29 maize variety by intercropping with peanut crop was better than Srikandi Kuning with the lower IPC namely 0.8932 meanwhile the IPC of Srikandi Kuning was 0.9270. The potential waste for cattle feed at maize crop plantation by monoculture was higher than intercropping with peanut crop and peanut crops by monoculture namely P3: 572 head/ha; P1: 500 head/ha; P5: 484 head/ha; P4: 454 head/day; P3: 288 head/day.
Influence of growth media and bulbil sizes on plant growth and corm yield of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Soedarjo M. , Sasmita P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPorang (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume) is usually cultivated on the field under the tree as natural shading. Porang can also be grown on a pot containing limited amount of growth media. The present research work was carried to evaluate the minimum amount of growth media required for optimum growth and corm yield. The study used bulbils (10 g/bulbil and 20 g/bulbil) and corm (+ 15 g/corm) sown on growth media of 2.5 kg, 5.0 kg and 7.5 kg/pot as treatments. Each treatment was arranged in completely randomized design and was replicated 3 times. Plant height, plant diameter, shoot dry weight, diameter and thickness of corm and fresh weight of corm were measured to evaluate the influence of the treatments on growth and corm yield of porang. The plant growth of porang measured as plant height, plant diameter, shoot dry weight was improved when the planting materials were planted on bigger size of growth media. Bigger size of bulbil caused better growth of porang on each growth medium. The effect of plant materials and the size of growth media on porang growth was in parallel to its effect on corm yield measured as corm diameter, corm thickness and fresh weight of corm. The result of the present study suggests to use bigger bulbil and bigger size of growth media when planted on polyethylene bag. Corm as planting material was better than bulbil because less size of corm produced similar plant growth and corm yield compared to bigger size of bulbil. Therefore, the use of corm as planting material is more favorable to bulbil.
The effect of different substrates on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spawn growth
Authors: Muslimin R , Hartono H , Rachmawaty R , Ali A , Junda M , Pagarra H , Azis A A. , Muis A , Jumadi O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to find alternative substrates for growing spawn of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three compositions of substrates. The substrate compositions were: (1) Substrate A (corn 100%), (2) Substrate B (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (1:1, v/v)), and (3) Substrate C (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (3:1, v/v)). All compositions were replicated 18 times. The complete colonization (days) and mycelium growth rate (cm day−1) were recorded. Means were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and duncan test was performed if there were significant between the substrate compositions. The results showed that substrate C was the best substrate indicated with the fastest complete colonization of 14.17±0.92 and the highest growth rate of 0.85±0.06 cm day−1.
Effect of population density on growth and production of hybrid maize
Authors: Suwardi  , Syafruddin  , Aqil Muhammad , Efendi Roy , Bunyamin Z. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the strategies to increase maize production is by selecting the proper combination among variety and planting density. The plant density population experiment was carried out to identify the candidate of maize variety that has high productivity with limited sunlight levels. Our hypothesis was how the erect leaf maize type can get optimal sunlight and affect the productivity. The study was conducted in IP2TP Bajeng, Gowa, South Sulawesi from March to June 2020. This study was designed under split plot design where spacing or plant density as the main plot with 3 levels of treatment (70 cm x 20 cm (population 71,428 plants/ha), 60 cm x 20 cm (population 83,333 plants/ha) and 50 cm x 20 cm (population 100,000 plants/ha). Furthermore, eight genotypes of hybrid maize (ERC 01, ERC 02, ERC 03, ERC 04, ERC 05, ERC 06, ERC 07, ERC 08), including control varieties (JH 45 and Pioneer 36) were treated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that the maize yield increase in line with the increase in plant population. The plant’s spacing of 70 x 20 cm with 100,000 plants/ha was produced 10.61 t/ha, significantly higher than other treatments.
Genotype resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate against major corn diseases
Authors: Mirsam Hishar , Suriani  , Rahman Ayyub Ar , Pakki Syahrir , Azrai Muhammad , Prayitno Oky Dwi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The resistance level of several national superior corn varieties to the primary disease of corn is still varied and unstable. Therefore, evaluating the resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate to the primary disease of corn is deemed necessary as an initial step in managing the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance reaction of the hybrid corn varieties candidate against the primary disease of corn. This study was conducted at two different locations. The first location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI) of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi first, where the test for P. phillipinensis downy mildew, leaf blight, and leaf rust was conducted. The next location was at the ATRAI of Muneng of the Research Institute for Various Nuts and Tubers in Probolinggo, East Java, where the test for the P. maydis downy mildew was conducted. The tests were carried out using plants as the source of the test pathogen inoculum planted around the experimental block. The four corn genotypes tested were CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5. Meanwhile, the comparison varieties used were P36, Pertiwi-6, PAC339, BISI18, Anoman, and Pulut. The test results showed the two hybrid corn varieties candidate that were moderately resistant to P. philipinensis, namely CHC1 and CHC2, with attack intensities of 30.94% and 32.07%, respectively; one variety candidate resistant to P. maydis, namely CHC1 with an attack intensity of 15.92%. Meanwhile, the five hybrid corn varieties candidate, namely CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5, showed a moderately resistant reaction to maydis leaf blight and leaf rust with an attack intensity of 35%.
Foraging ability of maize weevil in several varieties under dark and light conditions
Authors: Sebayang Amelia , Arrahman Ayyub , Pakki Syahrir , Sudjak Saenong M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Laboratory research to investigate the ability of maize weevil to find food source in the dark and light condition had been conducted in laboratory of pests and plan diseases of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi. This research was arranged in complete random design with three replications. There were six maize varieties put into small glasses and placed in circle within big jar and then invested with 100 heterogenous adult maize weevils in each jar. As a control, an empty glass was put in the center of glasses circle within the jar. Observation and calculation on living and dead maize weevils on each glass and outside glass was conducted with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 after maize weevil infestation. This research was performed in the light and dark condition. Result of the research showed that maize weevil ability to find their food sources was not determined by the light and dark. In addition, from this research, it was found that there were influence of corn variety as food resources, but this factor of variety as food resources needs to be examined further. The implication of this study are about the maize varieties attracted the weevil.
The incidence of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (FAW) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a newly invasive corn pest in Indonesia
Authors: Kalqutny Septian Hary , Nonci Nurnina , Muis Amran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (FAO) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae), is one of a newly Invasive armyworms on corn in Indonesia has been quickly spreading recently. S. frugiperda attack in Indonesia was first discovered in March 2019, in West Sumatra and Lampung. These pests have caused major damage on corn in the United States, which has become one of the important invasive pests that are polyphagous, however, its main host is corn. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of eggs, larvae, pupae and its adults’ stage, as well as the attacks, and the distribution area of Spodoptera frugiperda in Indonesia. Observations and sampling were carried out at locations affected by S. frugiperda attack from March 2019 to May 2020. The characteristics of eggs and larvae were observed in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX 12) while pupae, and the adult stage was observed visually. The field observations were carried out on 50 plant samples at each location, using the scouting method, the data collected were the number of larvae and the percentage of attacks. The S. frugiperda was observed placing the eggs in groups under the surface of the leaf, sometimes the eggs are covered with fine hairs. The defining characteristics of S. frugiperda larvae are the inverted Y shape on its caput, and four black dots on the eighth abdominal segment, and the larvae consisting of 5 stages of instars. These characteristics were found at all observation sites (West Sumatra, Lampung, South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, and East Java. Based on field observations, it is known that S. frugiperda has spread and attacked several regions in Indonesia, namely: Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java and South Sulawesi, with an average between 1.26 - 3 individuals/plant and an average percentage of attacks between 60.12 - 87, 05%. In accordance with the development of FAW attacks in the field that are increasingly widespread, it is better to design and test to support a continuous FAW control program in accordance with IPM principles.
Compatibility of biocontrol agent formulas and synthetic fungicides in controlling maydis leaf blight on corn caused by Bipolaris maydis
Authors: Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Sebayang Amelia , Nonci Nurnina , Muis Amran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaydis leaf blight caused by Bipolaris maydis is one of the limiting factors in increasing maize production. The application of biological control agents (BCAs) as a biopesticide to control pests and plant diseases expected to decrease synthetic fungicide usage and its impacts. Several researches showed that the formula of Bacillus subtilis biopesticide suppress the development of several plant diseases including maydis leaf blight in maize. Nevertheless, biological control agents cannot completely replace the need for chemical fungicides in the agro-ecosystem. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect and compatibility of several synthetic fungicides with antagonistic bacterial formulas in controlling B. maydis on maize. Five types of synthetic active ingredients used were difenoconazole, propinep, fluopicolide, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph. From the results of laboratory tests, 3 types of active ingredients with the highest inhibitory effectiveness be selected for the field test. Field treatments were arranged using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, factor I was biological control agents with 2 levels (T0 = without biological control agents, T1 = with biological control agents) and factor II was synthetic fungicide with different active ingredients with 4 levels (S0 = no synthetic fungicide, S1=diphenoconazole, S2=propinep, S3 = fluopicolide). Each treatment combination was repeated 4 times. The result showed that all the synthetic fungicides tested were compatible with the biological control agent. Fungicide with active ingredient of diphenoconazole was the most compatible with the BCAs showing the lowest disease severity value of 27%, while control treatment conditions without BCAs was 72%.
Relationship analysis of farmers participation in agricultural extension with corn production levels in South Sulawesi
Authors: Yuniarsih E T , Andriyani I , Rahmatiah  , Halil W , Rahmi  , Anas S , Sunanto  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Extension activities cannot be separated from the participation of farmers as objects. The success of the extension can be seen from the extent to which farmers apply what they get to the farm they manage and the extent to which the production results obtained from their farming. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between farmer participation in extension activities and maize production levels in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi Province, Jeneponto Regency and Gowa Regency. The data collected is primary data obtained from 40 corn farmers taken from 2 farmer groups. The data used are respondent characteristics, technology characteristics, farmer participation variables. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and Chi Square data analysis using SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 58.1 percent of farmer characteristics had an effect on the level of corn production and there was a significant relationship between farmer participation in extension and corn production.
Sensory evaluation of panelists on biscuit products based on sorghum flour and corn bran flour
Authors: Tadju Rosna , Rosantty Erny , Buri Nanang , Antu Muhammad Yusuf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biscuits are a popular snack food because taste delicious and varied. However, these biscuits need to be enriched with nutrients through the addition of a combination of sorghum flour and corn bran flour. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of the panelists on biscuit products based on sorghum flour and corn bran flour. The data analysis method used statistical tests Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a combination of treatments sorghum flour 62% + corn bran flour 38% (P1), sorghum flour 72% + corn bran flour 28% (P2), and sorghum flour 83 % + corn bran flour 17% (P3). The variables observed were the sensory characteristics of the panelists including the texture, color, aroma, and taste of the product. Based on the sensory test of the biscuit panelists with a combination of sorghum flour and corn bran flour, it affected the texture, color, aroma, and taste of the resulting biscuit. P3 treatment with a combination of 83% sorghum flour + 17% corn bran flour was the preferred one from all sensory variables including texture, color, aroma, and taste.
Sorghum plants with ratoon cultivation increase production and income
Authors: Syuryawati  , Faesal  , Aqil Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sorghum has broad adaptability, drought tolerance, high production, has strong and deep roots so that it can grow back after being harvested (ratoon) which can reduce production costs, with ratoon sorghum cultivation it can increase production and income. This study aims to determine the benefits of sorghum farming with ratoon cultivation which can increase farmers’ production and income. Research was conducted in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi,March- September 2018. Research consisted of eight sorghum lines andNumbu variety, using Randomize Block Design of three replications. Spacing 75 cm x 20 cm 1 plant/hole. The main fertilizing plants were 300 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 + 100 kg KClha−1, and ratoon plants were 150 kg urea + 50 kg SP36 + 50 kg KClha−1. Results showed that average yield of main crop was 5.92-6.57 tha−1, and ratoon 4.85-5.83 tha−1. Revenue obtainedmain cropRp. 11,840,000-13,140,000 andratoonRp. 9,706,000-11,660,000ha−1. Benefit of sorghum farming using ratoon system is Rp. 4,843,000-5,950,000ha−1, and Rp.6,729,000-Rp. 8,572,000ha−1 forratoon system. with two harvests, farming benefits range from Rp. 11.5 million-14.5 millionha−1. This is supported by efficient use of sorghum ratoon farming to produce 1 kg of sorghum seeds at a cost of only Rp. 530-615 or more cost efficient up to 49.47% of main crop. Thus, sorghum farming with ratoon cultivation is very helpful for farmers because there is additional production and income so that it is feasible to develop.