bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the bioabsorption of Fe‐based materials and their current developments in bone applications
Authors: Md Yusop Abdul Hakim , Ulum Mokhamad Fakhrul , Al Sakkaf Ahmed , Hartanto Djoko , Nur Hadi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIron (Fe) and Fe‐based materials have been vigorously explored in orthopedic applications in the past decade mainly owing to their promising mechanical properties including high yield strength, elastic modulus and ductility. Nevertheless, their corrosion products and low corrosion kinetics are the major concerns that need to be improved further despite their appealing mechanical strengths. The current studies on porous Fe‐based scaffolds show an improved corrosion rate but the in vitro biocompatibility is still problematic in general. Unlike the Mg implants, the biodegradation and bioabsorption of Fe‐based implants are still not well described. This vague issue could implicate the development of Fe‐based materials as potential medical implants as they have not reached the clinical trial stage yet. Thus, there is a need to understand in‐depth the Fe corrosion behavior and its bioabsorption mechanism to facilitate the material design of Fe‐based scaffolds and further improve its biocompatibility. This manuscript provides an important insight into the basic bioabsorption of the multi‐ranged Fe‐based corrosion products with a review of the latest progress on the corrosion & in vitro biocompatibility of porous Fe‐based scaffolds together with the remaining challenges and the perspective on the future direction.
AQP4‐IgG positive paraneoplastic NMOSD: A case report and review
Authors: Ding Manqiu , Lang Yue , Cui Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD; also known as Devic syndrome) is a clinical syndrome of central nervous system characterized by immune mediated attacks of acute optic neuritis and myelitis. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome is a group of nervous system disorders resulting from the remote immune effects of malignant neoplasm. NMOSD occurs mostly in young people, and tumor is not a common cause, especially recurrent tumor.MethodsWe reported a case of a 59‐year‐old man who developed anti‐aquaporin‐4 IgG positive longitudinally extensive myelitis. We also summarized and analyzed previously reported cases of paraneoplastic NMOSD.ResultsAmong these 43 patients, 88.4% patients are female. The largest number of patients is between 60 and 69 years old. Breast cancer and lung cancer are the most common types. The most common lesions were located in the cervicothoracic region with patchy gadolinium enhancement. The existing treatment can only delay rather than stop the progress of the disease.ConclusionIt is necessary to perform tumor screening in patients with NMOSD, especially patients over 50 years.
Optical coherence tomography monitoring and diagnosing retinal changes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mehmood Arshad , Ali Wajid , Song Shuang , Din Zaheer Ud , Guo Ruo‐Yi , Shah Wahid , Ilahi Ikram , Yin Bowen , Yan Hongjing , Zhang Lu , Khan Murad , Ali Wajid , Zeb Liaqat , Safari Hamidreza , Li Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study explores the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor and diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). The analysis of reduced total macular volume and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning are shown. The severity of these defects increases as MS progresses, reflecting the progressive degeneration of nerve fibers and retinal ganglion cells. The OCT parameters are noninvasive, sensitive indicators that can be used to assess the progression of neurodegeneration and inflammation in MS.
Neurosurgical robot‐assistant stereoelectroencephalography system: Operability and accuracy
Authors: Zhang Di , Cui Xuehua , Zheng Jie , Zhang Shunyao , Wang Meng , Lu Wenpeng , Sang Linxia , Li Wenling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFine operation has been an eternal topic in neurosurgery. There were many problems in functional neurosurgery field with high precision requirements. Our study aims to explore the operability, accuracy and postoperative effect of robot‐assisted stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in neurosurgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with epilepsy who underwent electrode implantation in our hospital. From 2016 to 2019, the epilepsy center of Hebei people's hospital implanted electrodes in neurosurgery on 24 patients, including 20 with SINO robot‐assisted SEEG system and eight with frame‐SEEG technology.ResultRobot‐assisted SEEG neurosurgery had higher accuracy, and the mean error of entry and target point was smaller than that of frame SEEG surgery. No bleeding or infection occurred postoperatively, and two patients who underwent robot‐assisted SEEG neurosurgery had electrode displacement. Electrode displacement was observed in two patients, both the entry points were orbital frontal, one in the frame system and one in the robot assistant system. The average placement time of each electrode in robot assisted system surgery was less than that in frame system surgery.ConclusionThe SINO SEEG electrode implantation assisted by surgical robot‐assistant system manufactured in China is safe, accurate and mature.
Zinc deficiency correlates with severity of diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Hussein Mona , Fathy Wael , Hassan Amr , Elkareem Rehab Abd , Marzouk Salma , Kamal Yasmine Shawki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere are controversies about the role of zinc in the development of both types 1 and 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess serum zinc level in diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy in comparison to healthy controls and to explore the possible relationship between serum zinc level and severity of peripheral neuropathy.MethodsThis case control study was conducted on 120 subjects: 40 patients fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of probable diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), 40 diabetic patients without polyneuropathy (N‐DPN) and 40 healthy controls. DPN patients were submitted to clinical assessment of diabetic neuropathy using neuropathy symptom and change (NSC) scale, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Physical Assessment (MNSI) scale and electrophysiological assessment using nerve conduction study. Zinc serum level was measured in all subjects included in this study using direct colorimetric test method.ResultsDiabetic patients with and without neuropathy were found to have significantly lower mean values of serum zinc than healthy controls (p = .025, .03 respectively). There is a statistically significant negative correlation between zinc serum level and hemoglobin A1C (HA1C) (p ˂ .001), NSC score (p = .001) and MNSI score (p = .003) in DPN group. There were also statistically significant correlations between zinc serum level and nerve conduction study values.ConclusionZinc deficiency significantly correlates with the severity of DPN and glycemic control.
Is blockchain able to enhance environmental sustainability? A systematic review and research agenda from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Parmentola Adele , Petrillo Antonella , Tutore Ilaria , De Felice Fabio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBlockchain is a disruptive technology that is revolutionizing information technology and represents a change of cultural paradigm for the way in which information is shared. Companies are rushing to understand how they can use blockchain distributed ledger technology to innovate processes, products and transactions. In a globalized world where environmental sustainability is a critical success factor, what is the role of the blockchain? By using a systematic review approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, this study attempts to identify whether and how blockchain technology is considered able to affect environmental sustainability. Findings from 195 studies from 2015 to 2020 were analysed after the search protocol was applied. The results indicate that blockchain technology could contribute to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs) from different points of view, such as supporting the realization of a sustainable supply chain, improving energy efficiency and promoting the creation of secure and reliable smart cities. Furthermore, the investigation highlights the sectors where to focus research investments, providing a way to reward sustainable behaviour and increasing environmental sustainability. On the other hand, blockchain has no negligible negative effects on the environment that need to be considered before adoption.
Two New Oleanane‐Triterpenoid Saponins from Clinopodium gracile
Authors: Zhao Ting , Liu Yi‐Nan , Sun Xin‐Yu , Li Jing‐Ya , Lei Chun , Hou Ai‐Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo new oleanane‐triterpenoid saponins, clinograsaponins A (1) and B (2), together with twelve known ones (3–14), were isolated from the whole herb of Clinopodium gracile (Bentham) Matsumura. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical method. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their activities against ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB).
Trends in outcomes, cost, and readmissions of transcatheter edge to edge repair in the United States (2014–2018)
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Sulaiman Samian , Osman Mohammed , El Shaer Ahmed , Mayahni Abdulah Amer , Kawsara Akram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite the growth in transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) volume in the United States, data on the temporal changes in procedural outcomes are lacking.MethodsWe utilized the National Readmission Database to assess the annual changes in patient's characteristics, in‐hospital outcomes, cost, and readmissions for patients who underwent TEER between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Outcomes of interest included mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and any adverse event (AE). We also assessed length of stay and cost.ResultsA total of 22,692 hospitalizations were included. The mean age increased from 75.2 ± 12.9 in 2014 to 78.1 ± 9.8 years in 2018. Changes in the prevalence of risk factors were heterogenous. The incidence of in‐hospital mortality decreased from 4.0% in 2014 to 2.0% in 2018. Both MACE and any AE decreased significantly. Although the incidence of 30‐day readmission remained stable, there was a trend towards a temporal increase in both 90‐day and 180‐day. The adjusted median length of stay of the index admission decreased by 50% and this trend was associated with a $2100 reduction in risk and inflation adjusted in‐hospital cost, however, this reduction was offset by the increased total cost of readmissions within the first 6 months resulting in similar net‐cost.ConclusionThe volume of TEER has grown substantially between 2014 and 2018 coupled with a temporal improvement in in‐hospital outcomes and reduction in cost and length of stay. Re‐hospitalization rates after TEER remained steady at 30‐day and trended towards worsening overtime at 90‐ and 180‐days.
Impact of Carbon Support Meso‐Porosity on Mass Transport and Performance of PEMFC Cathode Catalyst Layers
Authors: Ott Sebastian , Bauer Andreas , Du Fengmin , Dao Tuan Anh , Klingenhof Malte , Orfanidi Alin , Strasser Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe analysis of the impact of the cathode catalyst layer pore structure on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell performance of a PEMFC is presented. In this study, a pristine CMK‐3 catalyst carbon support material with well‐defined pore structure in the 3–6 nm range together with two nitrogen‐doped variants is analyzed against a commercial carbon black to achieve a better understanding of catalyst layer porosity‐performance relations. We used chemically N‐doped CMK‐3 catalyst to learn more about the effect of N‐doped porous catalyst supports on the concomitant transport properties and PEMFC cell performance. Chemical treatment using cyanamide was conducted to introduce a variety of N‐functionalities. A detailed in‐situ electrochemical investigation was combined with N2‐physisorption analysis. Based on their structural properties, the mesopore fractions and pore openings display a major role for reducing oxygen transport resistance and enhance Pt accessibility. We find that hierarchically ordered mesoporosity is superior to disordered porosity with prevalent micropore character: Analysis including adsorption electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), Pt‐accessibility, ionomer coverage, pore geometry, proton resistivity and transport loss we conclude the importance of a well‐defined mesoporous structure for its cell performance.
Computational Mechanistic Study of Fused Phenol Formations from 1,6‐Heptadiyne Involving Carbyne Complexes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe reaction of a tungsten carbyne complex, MeC≡WBr(CO)4, with 1,6‐heptadiyne was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was suggested that the plausible mechanism involves [2+2] cycloaddition of the carbyne with the diyne, subsequent insertion of CO and alkyne into a metallacyclobutadiene intermediate, and a final reductive elimination step from a metallacycloheptatrienone intermediate to produce a η5‐cyclohexadienyl complex. A related Ru‐catalyzed reaction of 1,6‐heptadiyne involving a hydroxycarbyne complex was investigated to propose a possible pathway starting from a bis(hydroxycarbyne) complex, (HOC≡)2Ru(CO)2. It was found that the biscarbyne complex undergoes carbyne‐carbyne coupling to generate a stable metallacyclopropene intermediate, which reacts with 1,6‐heptadiyne through two different pathways to produce the final η6‐arene complex. Moreover, a non‐carbyne pathway was also investigated to propose an alternative mechanism.
A Chemical Evolution‐Like Method to Synthesize a Water‐Oxidizing Catalyst
Authors: Moghaddam Navid Jameei , Feizi Hadi , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Bagheri Robabeh , Chernev Petko , Song Zhenlun , Dau Holger , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of new procedures for synthesizing new, low‐cost, and stable metal oxides for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) by water oxidation is critical. Since the 2000s, there has been a rapid rise in the use of first‐row transition metal (hydr)oxides for the OER. However, there is still a need to design and synthesize an efficient and stable catalyst for the OER. The present paper aims to design and synthesize an OER catalyst based on “a look at nature” strategy. In a simple and chemical evolution‐like experiment, for the first time, a solution composed of various perchlorate cations, namely, Li(I), Mg(II), Ca(II), Al(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ba(II), and Na2SiO3, at a concentration of 1.0 mM at pH=4 and a potential of 1.40 V vs. NHE, which was under stirring for 15 days, was investigated. The stable OER catalyst on the electrode was characterized by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Based on the extrapolation of the Tafel plot, the onset of the OER in the presence of this catalyst was 130 mV lower than a bare electrode without it. This approach could be a roadmap to design and synthesize new and stable catalysts.
TEMPO‐Modified Polymethacrylates as Mediators in Electrosynthesis – Redox Behavior and Electrocatalytic Activity toward Alcohol Substrates
Authors: Mohebbati Nayereh , Prudlik Adrian , Scherkus Anton , Gudkova Aija , Francke Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Robert Francke at the Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock). The cover picture illustrates the anodic oxidation of 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol catalyzed by TEMPO‐modified polymethacrylate, one of the model reactions that was used to study the catalytic behavior of the polymediator. Two transformations are shown, one proceeding at the electrode surface (left) and one in solution (right), indicating that the electrocatalytic process comprises both homogeneous and heterogeneous contributions. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100768.
Facile Synthesis of Alkylidene Phthalides by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Domino C−H Acylation/Annulation of Benzamides with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Liu Sien , He Bangyue , Li Hongyi , Zhang Xiaofeng , Shang Yaping , Su Weiping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Rh‐catalyzed ortho‐C(sp2)−H functionalization of 8‐aminoquinoline‐derived benzamides with aliphatic acyl fluorides generated in situ from the corresponding acids has been developed. This reaction initiated with 8‐aminoquinoline‐directed ortho‐C(sp2)−H acylation, which was accompanied by subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution of amide group to produce alkylidene phthalides This approach exhibits high stereo‐selectivity for Z‐isomer products, and tolerates a variety of functional groups as well as aliphatic carboxylic acids with diverse structural scaffolds.
Calcined ZnTi‐Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with H3PW12O40 with Efficiently Photocatalytic and Adsorption Performances
Authors: Zou Xinyu , Shi Rui , Zhang Zhijuan , Fu Guoyuan , Li Lei , Yu Li , Tian Yurun , Luo Fang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWastewater treatment is of great significance to environmental remediation. The exploration of efficient and stable methods for wastewater treatment is still a challenging issue. Herein, a heterojunction material with photocatalysis and adsorption properties has been designed to remove the complex pollutants from wastewater. The heterojunction material (ZnO/TiO2−PW12, PW12=[PW12O40]3−) was synthesized by calcining the ZnTi−layered double hydroxide (ZnTi‐LDH) intercalated with the Keggin‐type polyoxometalate H3PW12O40. In the construction of ZnO/TiO2−PW12 it was found that the polyanionic PW12 remained unchanged in the process of forming the proposed heterojunction. The photochemical properties verify that heterojunction synergistic with PW12 facilitated the separation of photoproduced electron‐hole pairs and thus suppressed the recombination. Therefore, ZnO/TiO2−PW12 exhibits excellent photocatalytic property, and the efficiency of Cr(VI) photoreduction reached more than 90 % in the first 3 min. Furthermore, the electrostatic force between the PW12 and cationic dyes makes ZnO/TiO2−PW12 having an outstanding adsorption performance for cationic dyes, such as rhodamine B, crystal violet and methyl blue. Such heterojunction material combined with polyoxometalate puts forward new insights for the design of functional materials for water treatment with low cost and high efficiency.
Covalent Linkage of BODIPY‐Photosensitizers to Anderson‐Type Polyoxometalates Using CLICK Chemistry
Authors: Cetindere Seda , Clausing Simon T. , Anjass Montaha , Luo Yusen , Kupfer Stephan , Dietzek Benjamin , Streb Carsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe covalent attachment of molecular photosensitizers (PS) to polyoxometalates (POMs) opens new pathways to PS‐POM dyads for light‐driven charge‐transfer and charge‐storage. Here, we report a synthetic route for the covalent linkage of BODIPY‐dyes to Anderson‐type polyoxomolybdates by using CLICK chemistry (i. e. copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition, CuAAC). Photophysical properties of the dyad were investigated by combined experimental and theoretical methods and highlight the role of both sub‐components for the charge‐separation properties. The study demonstrates how CLICK chemistry can be used for the versatile linkage of organic functional units to molecular metal oxide clusters.
Development of Red‐Shifted and Fluorogenic Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Diarylethene Photoswitches
Authors: Kolmar Theresa , Becker Antonia , Pfretzschner Ronja A. , Lelke Alina , Jäschke Andres 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe reversible modulation of fluorescence signals by light is of high interest for applications in super‐resolution microscopy, especially on the DNA level. In this article we describe the systematic variation of the core structure in nucleoside‐based diarylethenes (DAEs), in order to generate intrinsically fluorescent photochromes. The introduction of aromatic bridging units resulted in a bathochromic shift of the visible absorption maximum of the closed‐ring form, but caused reduced thermal stability and switching efficiency. The replacement of the thiophene aryl unit by thiazol improved the thermal stability, whereas the introduction of a benzothiophene unit led to inherent and modulatable turn‐off fluorescence. This feature was further optimized by introducing a fluorescent indole nucleobase into the DAE core, resulting in an effective photoswitch with a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.0166 and a fluorescence turn‐off factor of 3.2. The site‐specific incorporation into an oligonucleotide resulted in fluorescence‐switchable DNA with high cyclization quantum yields and switching efficiency, which may facilitate future applications.
Kinetic Stabilization of Blue‐Emissive Anthracenes: Phenylene Bridging Works Best
Authors: Nathusius Marvin , Sleeman Daniel , Pan Junyou , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn attempts at kinetically stabilizing blue‐emissive anthracenes, a series of 9,10‐diaryl substituted derivatives were tested for their photochemical and photooxidative persistence. A major breakthrough in light fastness comes from a new bis‐meta‐terphenylyl substituted anthracene which is much superior to industrially relevant 9,10‐biarylated anthracenes. The key issue is the steric shielding of the anthracene core. Further, intramolecular ring closure via Yamamoto coupling furnished a doubly bridged anthracene as a “self‐encapsulated” sky‐blue emitter which is most resistant to photodegradation. The improved stabilization was corroborated by time‐resolved irradiation experiments and rationalized by X‐ray crystallography.
Removing the Obstacle to (−)‐Menthol Biosynthesis by Building a Microbial Cell Factory of (+)‐cis‐Isopulegone from (−)‐Limonene
Authors: Shou Chao , Zheng Yu‐Cong , Zhan Jing‐Ru , Li Chun‐Xiu , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrobial synthesis of plant‐based (−)‐menthol is of great interest because of its high demand (≈30 kiloton per year) as well as unique odor and cooling characteristics. However, this remains a great challenge due to the yet unfilled gap between (−)‐limonene and (+)‐cis‐isopulegone. Herein, the first artificial and effective system was developed for (+)‐cis‐isopulegone biosynthesis from (−)‐limonene by recruiting two bacterial enzymes to replace their inefficient counterparts from Mentha piperita, limonene‐3‐hydroxylase, and isopiperitenol dehydrogenase. A cofactor self‐regenerative recombinant Escherichia coli strain was constructed by introducing a formate dehydrogenase for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) regeneration and an engineered microbial isopiperitenol dehydrogenase. The production of (+)‐cis‐isopulegone (up to 281.2 mg L−1) was improved by 36 times compared with that of the initial strain. This work lays a reliable foundation for the microbial synthesis of (−)‐menthol.