bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of intensity flattened phase shifting enabled by unidirectional guided resonance
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Yin Xuefan , Chen Zihao , Wang Feifan , Hu Weiwei , Peng Chao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Phase-only light modulation is an important functionality for many optoelectronic applications. Although modulation efficiency can be significantly improved by using optical resonances, resonance detuning is always accompanied with dramatic intensity variation that is less ideal. Here, we propose a method to achieve intensity-flattened phase shifting by utilizing the unidirectional guided resonance (UGR) – a novel class of topologically enabled guided resonance that only radiates toward a single side. Consequently, the incident excites resonances and generates phase shifting, but it transmits to only one out-going port without other choice, which flattens the transmittance. Theory and simulation agree well and confirm our findings, in particular when nonradiative loss has been taken into account. By directly measuring the intensity and phase responses of UGR samples, a dip depth of 0.43 is observed with nonradiative Q around 2500. We further predict a dip depth of 0.13 can be achieved with a reasonable nonradiative Q around 8000 in state-of-art fabrication precision, which is sufficient and useful for the applications ranging from light projection, flat metalens optics, optical phased array, to light detection and ranging.
Label-free DNA biosensing by topological light confinement
Authors: Zito Gianluigi , Sanità Gennaro , Guilcapi Alulema Bryan , Lara Yépez Sofía N. , Lanzio Vittorino , Riminucci Fabrizio , Cabrini Stefano , Moccia Maria , Avitabile Concetta , Lamberti Annalisa , Mocella Vito , Rendina Ivo , Romano Silvia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Large-area and transparent all-dielectric metasurfaces sustaining photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a set of fundamental advantages for ultrasensitive biosensing. BICs bridge the gap of large effective mode volume with large experimental quality factor. Relying on the transduction mechanism of reactive sensing principle, herein, we first numerically study the potential of subwavelength confinement driven by topological decoupling from free space radiation for BIC-based biosensing. Then, we experimentally combine this capability with minimal and low-cost optical setup, applying the devised quasi-BIC resonator for PNA/DNA selective biosensing with real-time monitoring of the binding event. A sensitivity of 20 molecules per micron squared is achieved, i.e. ≃0.01 pg. Further enhancement can easily be envisaged, pointing out the possibility of single-molecule regime. This work aims at a precise and ultrasensitive approach for developing low-cost point-of-care tools suitable for routine disease prescreening analyses in laboratory, also adaptable to industrial production control.
A new polymorph of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (C13H9N3O2)
Authors: Ibrahim Halliru , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Bala Muhammad D. , Friedrich Holger B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
C13H9N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.7375(1) Å, b = 27.9680(6) Å, c = 10.2595(2) Å, β = 95.5120(10)°, V = 1067.47(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0370, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0975, T = 100 K.
Introduction: The Political Ambiguities of Pius XII
Authors: Unger-Alvi Simon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This collection of essays evaluates the relations between Eugenio Pacelli and Germany from the beginning of his career as a papal nuncio in Munich in 1917 until his pontificate during the wartime and post-war periods. The contributions to this volume do not provide a complete overview of this topic. Instead, they should be understood as case studies on certain aspects of Vatican-German history. At the core of this work are the complexities and ambiguities of papal politics between four political systems from the Kaiserreich to the West German Federal Republic. Ultimately, this volume thus touches upon very diverse subjects ranging from Pacelli’s ‚concordat diplomacy‘ in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich to his silence during the Holocaust and the German occupation of Italy, the anti-communism of the Cold War, and the Vatican’s path towards reform in the post-war period.
Dies natalis papae – der „Geburtstag“ des Papstes
Authors: Hack Achim Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dies natalis papae has received little attention in the previous literature. This is not the actual birthday of the Roman chief pastor, but the anniversary of his consecration as bishop. Explicit evidence of this has been available since the second half of the 4th century (Damasus I), mainly in letters. However, the recording of the exact consecration dates since the 250s suggests that the day was also celebrated earlier. In any case, it is certain that the dies natalis papae was celebrated as a festival of joy and gratitude for the (albeit undeservedly conferred) Petrine office. Numerous bishops from all over Italy are invited to attend, and, if necessary, these gatherings can also be used for synods. While Leo I regularly exploits this opportunity to preach – five „Sermones“ have survived, after all – 150 years later Gregory the Great flatly rejects the celebration as „superfluous vanity“ and instead refers to the „birthday celebration“ of St. Peter himself. The Roman „Liber Diurnus“ has its own forms of epistolary „invitatoria in natale papae“ as well as „excusatoria quando episcopus infirmatur“, and the sacramentaries of this time contain models for the celebration, i. e. „Orationes in natale papae“ or „in natale episcoporum“.
Das Rom der Frührenaissance in den Imbreviaturen des Notars Angelo degli Atti da Todi 1423–1432
Authors: Daniels Tobias 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This essay analyses the previously unexplored protocol of the notary Angelo degli Atti da Todi, which contains 141 new sources on the history of Rome – City and Curia – during the pontificate of Martin V and the early pontificate of Eugenius IV. After an overview of notarial research on early Renaissance Rome, it presents Angelo degli Atti’s career and cultural profile, based partly on his will, found in a legal dispute over inheritance with the Florentine Alberti family. Possibilities for analysing the protocol are then discussed. For the first time, this protocol provides insights into the jurisdiction of the Camera Apostolica in the period mentioned and expands our knowledge of the actors and transactions of the Papal Finance at the Curia of Martin V, especially as regards the Florentine merchant bankers, and above all the Alberti and Boscoli. The protocol also contains a wide range of sources on the history of Rome, including its art history and the maritime economy in which the city was involved. The entire protocol is made accessible by regesta including an index of persons and places.
Le commende gerosolimitane nella Terraferma veneziana (secoli XVI–XVIII): identificazione e amministrazione
Authors: Robuschi Luigi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The comparative analysis of the sources preserved at the Archivio del Gran Priorato di Lombardia e Venezia and the Archives of the Order of Malta in the National Library of Malta, have made it possible to quantify and identify the lands owned by the Order of Malta on the Venetian mainland – the Terraferma – between the 16th and the 18th centuries. The archival documentation, further corroborated by research in the Archives of Venice, Padua and Verona, uncovered a vast range of situations, yet to be studied and linked to the properties owned by the knights in Veneto. Furthermore, the documentation sheds some light not only on the knights to whom the Commanderies were assigned, but also on the vast number of people who actively participated in the life and administration of the properties owned by the Order of Malta in the Terraferma.
Finite element analysis on the bond behavior of steel bar in salt–frost-damaged recycled coarse aggregate concrete
Authors: Su Tian , Wang Ting , Yi Haihe , Zheng Rui , Liu Yizhe , Zhai Haoran , Huang Zhanfang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, the ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the bond behavior of the steel bar in salt–frost-damaged recycled coarse aggregate concrete, and the influence of the steel bar diameter and the concrete cover thickness on the bond strength is investigated. The result shows that the calculated bond–slip curve is in good agreement with the experimental bond–slip curve; the mean value of the ratio of the calculation results of ultimate bond strength to the experiment results of ultimate bond strength is 1.035, the standard deviation is 0.0165, and the coefficient of variation is 0.0159, which proves that the calculation results of the ultimate bond strength are in good agreement with the experimental results; with the increase of steel bar diameter and the concrete cover thickness, the ultimate bonding strength of RAC and steel increases; the calculation formulas for the ultimate bond strength of specimens with different steel bar diameters (concrete cover thickness) after different salt–frost cycles are obtained.
Law and Rhetoric in Ancient Greece and Today
Authors: Gagarin Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the interaction of law and rhetoric in classical Athens and in current US common law. I argue that there is an inevitable tension between rhetoric, which operates with words (Greeklogoi), and law, which supposedly deals with facts (Greekerga) but necessarily works also with words. The Greeks understood this tension and accepted it, whereas today we often try to deny it, though recent work in the field of Law and Literature has done much to illuminate the operation of rhetoric in law today.
Online hate speech in Belarus: Highlighting the topical issues
Authors: Vasilenko Ekaterina 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Hate speech can be viewed as a form of socio-political conflict that might be considered an inevitable result of the shift of the historical paradigm in the former Soviet republics. In the meantime, the study of hate speech in Belarus demonstrates its relevance not only in the context of the current socio-political situation, but also because of the lack of the related research in the country. This study provides a general outline of hate speech in the Belarusian online discourse at the present time. At the beginning of the article, a brief literature review and the definition of the key terms are given. Afterwards, extralinguistic factors that influence hate speech functioning within the discourse community are described. Most attention is paid to the linguistic analysis of the legal documents of the Republic of Belarus as compared to those of other countries. Then, based on the analysis of the Internet users’ comments to online news, the most topical issues are determined and some observations on labeling as a move aimed at creating an image of a social group are provided.
The long-journeying poor cousin before the shut EU door: How the Western Balkans are metaphorically conceptualised in the context of the EU integrations
Authors: Vuković-Stamatović Milica 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn this paper we critically analyse how the identity of the Western Balkans (WB) has been metaphorically conceptualised in the latest stages of the EU integration processes in a corpus of internet news articles recently posted in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Hercegovina. Unlike the accession processes of the former membership candidates from Europe, the WB’s integration has proven to be a very long one, hindered by many, perhaps insurmountable obstacles and subject to a great deal of uncertainty regarding its final outcome. Although this process is predominantly conceptualised through the already established metaphors employed to depict such processes of the former member candidates (journey, house, circles/rings, family, etc.), their evaluative content is different, given that the roles and the positions of the EU and the WB are starkly asymmetrical, i. e. that the WB is deeply marginalised. We identified some new metaphors that this specific political situation has engendered, also reflecting the said asymmetry – the WB is perceived as a colony, self-imprisoned state, Trojan horse, victim of blackmail, immature person, experimenting ground and waste-collector for immigrants. These metaphors construct an image of the WB as that of the very inferior Other.
Cerebrospinal fluid electrolytes and acid-base in diabetic patients
Authors: Liao Chia-Chih , Hou Te-Hsin , Yu Huang-Ping , Li Allen , Liu Fu-Chao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has detrimental effects on the function of microvascular beds, resulting in blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The objective of the study was to investigate whether DM affects the brain physiology through composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and compare gas tension and electrolyte levels in CSF between the diabetic and nondiabetic populations.

Methods
Patients aged between 20 and 70 years scheduled for elective orthopedic or urologic surgery requiring spinal anesthesia were enrolled. They were assigned to either of the two groups (control or type 2 DM). Gas tension and electrolytes in the CSF and whole blood samples were measured in both groups.

Results
All 49 enrolled patients (24 in the control and 25 in the DM group) completed the study. The concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+ in the blood were significantly lower in the DM group than those in the control. The levels of pCO2 and

HCO

3

−

{\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}

in the CSF were lower in the DM group than in the control group. In addition, there was a marked increase in the glucose level in both the blood and CSF in the DM group.

Conclusion
The results show that there were some homeostatic changes in blood and CSF in patients with DM.
A Prosopographical Study of the imȝ-ʿ Title Holders down to the End of the Old Kingdom
Authors: González León Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The obscure title imȝ-ʿ has received some scholarly attention, but there is still uncertainty regarding its reading and meaning. Even so, there is something to be attributed to the imȝ-ʿ holder very clearly: their high, even very high, position within the structure of the Egyptian elite. This paper, articulated in two parts, aims to provide a prosopographical study of the imȝ-ʿ title from sources dated from the Thinite Age to the end of the Old Kingdom. In this part, the sources of the title are presented in order to examine their nature, their provenance, and the social and historical context of the title’s holder. Eventually, some considerations of the field of activity to which the title is related, the function that it implies, if any, and changes that it experienced through time will be offered. The second part, which will be published in the following issue of ZÄS, will contain the actual prosopographical list consisting of 37 entries, namely the documentation which supports the contents of the present part.
Final –

ww
in the Late Egyptian Orthography: A Linguistic Assessment
Authors: Kilani Marwan 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Various words in Late Egyptian texts present a final sequence
–ww that is absent in earlier attestations and does not have any obvious etymological justification. No systematic discussion of these
–ww, and not explanation for their use, has been offered so far. The present paper aims at filling this gap through a systematic reassessment of the phonological characteristics of a comprehensive corpus of words displaying this marker
–ww. The results suggest that this marker is related in function with the so called spacefillers discussed in Kilani 2017; in particular it appears to be added at the end of words characterized by a stressed back vowel adjacent to a labial consonant w, b, p, f or m, and possibly ˓. Some considerations about the possible underlying linguistic reality and the rational for the use of this marker are added at the end of the article. One instance of the marker
–ww in a magic spell of P. BM EA 9997 IV, and its possible role in clarifying a potentially ambiguous pronunciation of the associated verb, is discussed in a final Addendum. An appendix with the reconstruction of the vocalization for the words that survive in Coptic is provided here. A second appendix with the whole corpus is provided as online supplement.
Impact of fear on a delayed eco-epidemiological model for migratory birds
Authors: Song Caihong , Li Ning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a delayed eco-epidemiological model including susceptible migratory birds, infected migratory birds and predator population is proposed by us. The interaction between predator and prey is represented by functional response of Leslie–Gower Holling-type II. Fear effect is considered in the model. We assume that the growth rate and activity of prey population can be reduced because of fear effect of predator, and this series of behaviors will indirectly slow down the spread of diseases. Positivity, boundedness, persistence criterion, and stability of equilibrium points of the system are analyzed. Transcritical bifurcation and Hopf-bifurcation respect to important parameters of the system have been discussed both analytically and numerically (e.g. fear of predator, disease transmission rate of prey, and delay). Numerical simulation results show that fear can not only eliminate the oscillation behavior caused by high disease transmission rate and long delay in the model system, but also eliminate the disease.
Putting Together Pieces of the Lateral Septum: Multifaceted Functions and Its Neural Pathways
Authors: Rizzi-Wise Candace A. , Wang Dong V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe lateral septum (LS) is implicated as a hub that regulates a variety of affects, such as reward, feeding, anxiety, fear, sociability, and memory. However, it remains unclear how the LS, previously treated as a structure of homogeneity, exhibits such multifaceted functions. Emerging evidence suggests that different functions of the LS are mediated largely by its diverse input and output connections. It has also become clear that the LS is a heterogeneous region, where its dorsal and ventral poles play dissociable and often opposing roles. This functional heterogeneity can often be explained by distinct dorsal and ventral hippocampal inputs along the LS dorsoventral axis, as well as antagonizing connections between LS subregions. Similarly, outputs from LS subregions to respective downstream targets, such as hypothalamic, preoptic, and tegmental areas, also account for this functional heterogeneity. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on LS subregion classification, connectivity, and functions. We also identify key questions that have yet to be addressed in the field.
Threat and Bidirectional Valence Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens Core
Authors: Ray Madelyn H. , Moaddab Mahsa , McDannald Michael A. 
Published: November 2021

Appropriate responding to threat and reward is essential to survival. The nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) is known to support and organize reward behavior. The NAcc is also necessary to fully discriminate threat and safety cues. To directly reveal NAcc threat firing, we recorded single-unit activity from seven female rats undergoing pavlovian fear discrimination. Rats fully discriminated danger, uncertainty, and safety cues, and most NAcc neurons showed the greatest firing change to danger and uncertainty. Heterogeneity in cue and reward firing led us to identify distinct functional populations. One NAcc population signaled threat, specifically decreasing firing to danger and uncertainty cues. A separate population signaled Bidirectional Valence, decreasing firing to the danger cue (negative valence), but increasing firing to reward (positive valence). The results reveal the NAcc to be a source of threat information and a more general valence hub.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) is synonymous with reward. Yet, anatomy, neurotoxic lesions, and optogenetic manipulation implicate the NAcc in threat. Here, we directly revealed NAcc threat firing by recording single-unit activity during multicue fear discrimination. Most cue-responsive NAcc neurons markedly altered firing to threat cues. Finer analyses revealed a NAcc population signaling threat, specifically decreasing firing to danger and uncertainty cues; and a NAcc population signaling Bidirectional Valence, increasing firing to reward but decreasing firing to the danger cue. The results reveal the NAcc to be a source of threat information and a valence hub.
Speech Categorization Reveals the Role of Early-Stage Temporal-Coherence Processing in Auditory Scene Analysis
Authors: Viswanathan Vibha , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G. , Heinz Michael G. 
Published: November 2021

Temporal coherence of sound fluctuations across spectral channels is thought to aid auditory grouping and scene segregation. Although prior studies on the neural bases of temporal-coherence processing focused mostly on cortical contributions, neurophysiological evidence suggests that temporal-coherence-based scene analysis may start as early as the cochlear nucleus (i.e., the first auditory region supporting cross-channel processing over a wide frequency range). Accordingly, we hypothesized that aspects of temporal-coherence processing that could be realized in early auditory areas may shape speech understanding in noise. We then explored whether physiologically plausible computational models could account for results from a behavioral experiment that measured consonant categorization in different masking conditions. We tested whether within-channel masking of target-speech modulations predicted consonant confusions across the different conditions and whether predictions were improved by adding across-channel temporal-coherence processing mirroring the computations known to exist in the cochlear nucleus. Consonant confusions provide a rich characterization of error patterns in speech categorization, and are thus crucial for rigorously testing models of speech perception; however, to the best of our knowledge, they have not been used in prior studies of scene analysis. We find that within-channel modulation masking can reasonably account for category confusions, but that it fails when temporal fine structure cues are unavailable. However, the addition of across-channel temporal-coherence processing significantly improves confusion predictions across all tested conditions. Our results suggest that temporal-coherence processing strongly shapes speech understanding in noise and that physiological computations that exist early along the auditory pathway may contribute to this process.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTemporal coherence of sound fluctuations across distinct frequency channels is thought to be important for auditory scene analysis. Prior studies on the neural bases of temporal-coherence processing focused mostly on cortical contributions, and it was unknown whether speech understanding in noise may be shaped by across-channel processing that exists in earlier auditory areas. Using physiologically plausible computational modeling to predict consonant confusions across different listening conditions, we find that across-channel temporal coherence contributes significantly to scene analysis and speech perception and that such processing may arise in the auditory pathway as early as the brainstem. By virtue of providing a richer characterization of error patterns not obtainable with just intelligibility scores, consonant confusions yield unique insight into scene analysis mechanisms.