bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19, diseño ergonómico de silla de ruedas para traslado de pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Poveda Parra Erika Marcela , Córdova Suarez Manolo Alexander , Villacres Cevallos Edison Patricio 
Published: September 2021

Introducción. El coronavirus atacó a la población del mundo complicando de una manera especial la logística de traslado de pacientes en los hospitales designados que recibían a pacientes en las unidades de cuidado intensivo y que no contaban con medios ergonómicos adecuados de movilidad por lo que se generaba disconformidad y hasta accidentes. Objetivo. Diseñar una silla de ruedas ergonómica para un grupo de pacientes registrados utilizando antropometría en una unidad de cuidado intensivo de un hospital público de la ciudad de Ambato. Métodos. Este estudio comenzó con la reunión de datos antropométricos tomados a un grupo de 100 pacientes que ocuparon las instalaciones del Hospital Regional Docente Ambato en la unidad de cuidados intensivo y necesitaban traslado en silla de ruedas para: valoración, diagnóstico, aplicación de sedo analgesia y vasoactivos, y colocación de catéter venoso central. Seguidamente se utilizó antropometría de diseño para escoger los grupos principales de la silla de ruedas ergonómica y finalmente se calculó los percentiles por sección hasta tener las dimensiones ergonómicas adecuadas de cada parte del equipo diseñado. Resultados. Luego de tabulados los datos a una población de 100 pacientes, para 7 dimensiones antropométricas escogidas de acuerdo a los elementos recomendados de espacios interiores y el diseño de la silla ergonómica, se escogió las siguientes dimensiones: piso-poplíteo 42,13 cm, rodilla-nalga 50,94 cm, ancho hombros 49,87 cm, asientos-dorsales 52,70 cm, piso-codo 70,06 cm, piso brazo flexionado 49,39 cm, espalda-pie 75,11 cm, Conclusión. Se calculó y diseño una silla de ruedas ergonómica tomando las distancias antropométricas de un grupo de 100 pacientes de Covid-19.
ОНЛАЙН ЕНЦИКЛОПЕДІЇ США ЯК СУЧАСНІ ОСВІТНІ РЕСУРСИ
Authors: Железняк Микола Григорович , Іщенко Олександр Сергійович 
Published: September 2021

У дослідженні обґрунтовано використання онлайн енциклопедій як важливої складової комп’ютерно орієнтованого освітнього середовища. Для цього оглянуто енциклопедичні видання, присвячені штатам США – їх природі, історії, культурі, визначним постатям. Нині енциклопедичні проєкти укладають переважно у форматі онлайн енциклопедій (появу перших онлайн енциклопедій про штати США фіксуємо на межі ХХ–ХХІ століть). Частина з них має тривалу історію, яка починалася з книжкових видань. На основі інформації про 14 таких енциклопедій схарактеризовано основні тенденції розвитку сучасної енциклопедистики в США (серед них – «Довідник Техасу», «Енциклопедія Алабами», «Енциклопедія Арканзасу», «Енциклопедія Великої Філадельфії», «Енциклопедія Західної Вірджинії», «Енциклопедія історії і культури Теннессі», «Енциклопедія Кентуккі», «Енциклопедія Колорадо», «Енциклопедія Міссісіпі», «Енциклопедія Ореґону», «Енциклопедія Південної Кароліни», «Енциклопедія Чикаґо», «Інтернет-енциклопедія Невади», «Нова енциклопедія Джорджії»). Творення енциклопедій зазвичай здійснюють місцеві університети. Це, з одного боку, забезпечує професійність авторського колективу, оскільки в його складі – університетські професори та викладачі, а також якісну підготовку, об’єктивну перевірену інформацію, з іншого – спрямовує енциклопедичні видання на активне застосування в освітній сфері. Саме тому в США укладачі регіональних енциклопедій орієнтуються на навчальний процес: на сайтах енциклопедій часто присутні дидактичні матеріали для вчителів / викладачів – передусім ідеться про навчальні програми краєзнавчого характеру, однак і власне енциклопедичні статті, мультимедійні матеріали в деяких енциклопедіях мають адаптовані версії для школярів чи студентів. Основне джерело фінансування названих енциклопедій – грантові кошти з місцевих і національних гуманітарних фондів США, благодійні надходження від комерційних фондів, різноманітних організацій, підприємств, компаній, а також приватних осіб.
Propuesta de proceso para la fabricación de probetas a base de caucho reciclado granulado
Authors: Marín Nacarí , Fadul Jorge , Bernal Ana , Batista Javier 
Published: September 2021

El caucho es un material utilizado en diferentes aplicaciones debido a sus propiedades mecánicas, particularmente, las elásticas. Los niveles de contaminación a causa del elastómero son altos y van en aumento, de un 10% a un 28% durante la última década. La elaboración de productos a base de caucho reciclado representa una alternativa a la reducción de esta contaminación. Previo a la evaluación del potencial de reutilización del nuevo material a base de caucho, se requiere de la definición de probetas con formas y dimensiones específicas, basadas en normas estandarizadas. En este documento se presenta una propuesta de proceso para la elaboración de probetas cilíndricas y en forma de placas, a base de caucho reciclado granulado CRG y 7 aglomerantes comerciales seleccionados. Como resultado de esta investigación, las probetas obtenidas con sellador elastomérico de poliuretano y con adhesivo de poliuretano mantuvieron la forma al retirar la compresión y el molde. En un trabajo posterior, estas probetas serán sometidas a pruebas mecánicas que permitan determinar las propiedades mecánicas correspondientes.
Legislation study methods to save the environment
Authors: Purwaka Tommy Hendra 
Published: September 2021

This paper provides an overview of the different methods available to critical analyse existing environmental laws and their potential for achieving genuine environmental change. It highlights how misinterpretation of the substance of laws and regulations, malfunction of legislation, disagreement among stakeholders in the application of available legal instruments and the absence of monitoring, control, and surveillance can result in inappropriate application of laws, contributing to misuse of natural resources and the environment decline. It outlines four methods of legal analysis to review the efficacies of existing laws to identify areas potential for legal reform these are; analysis of legal content, legal functions, legal instruments, and legal monitoring, control and surveillance.Makalah ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang berbagai metode yang tersedia untuk menganalisis secara kritis undang-undang lingkungan yang ada dan potensinya untuk mencapai perubahan lingkungan asli. Tulisan ini menyoroti bagaimana salah tafsir substansi undang-undang dan peraturan, ketidak berfungsinya undang-undang, ketidak sepakatan di antara para pemangku kepentingan dalam penerapan instrumen hukum yang tersedia dan tidak adanya pemantauan, kontrol, serta pengawasan, yang dapat mengakibatkan penerapan undang-undang yang tidak tepat, berkontribusi pada penyalah gunaan sumber daya alam, dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Ini menguraikan empat metode analisis hukum untuk meninjau efektivitas hukum yang ada untuk mengidentifikasi bidang yang berpotensi untuk reformasi hukum; analisis muatan hukum, fungsi hukum, perangkat hukum, serta pemantauan hukum, kontrol dan surveillance.
HUBUNGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN IBU HAMIL PADA KELAS IBU DENGAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF
Authors: Rahmilasari Giari 
Published: September 2021

Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) dan pemberian ASI eksklusif dipercaya sebagai cara untuk menurunkan kematian neonatus. IMD dan ASI Eksklusif menjadi salah satu materi penting yang disampaikan dalam Kelas ibu hamil. KIH juga merupakan usaha yang dilanjutkan untuk mencapai target SDG’s (Sustainable Development Goal’s).
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan keikutsertaan ibu dalam kelas ibu hamil dengan pelaksanaan IMD dan pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Manfaat secara langsung yaitu memberikan informasi mengenai IMD dan ASI Eksklusif pada subjek penelitian, dan menjadi data dasar bagi bidan wilayah sekitar dalam memberikan peningkatan pelayanan pada ibu hamil, khususnya pada pemberian pelayanan kelas ibu hamil. Data diambil dari enam desa yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojongsoang Kabupatem Bandung, yaitu Cipagalo, Bojongsoang, Bojongsari, Lengkong, Buahbatu, dan Tegalluar.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study, pada ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-5 tahun.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang mengikuti kelas ibu hamil memiliki rerata pelaksanaan IMD yang lebih rendah (M=0,5489). Pada pemberian ASI Eksklusif data menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang mengikuti kelas ibu hamil memberikan ASI eksklusif jauh lebih tinggi (M=0,7191), dengan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan (t= -2,924, p<0,01). Maka dalam penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan kelas ibu berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusi
Association Between Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ting-Yi , Lai Yi-Fen , Chen Po-Huang , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chen Ching-Long , Chen Yi-Hao , Chen Jiann-Torng , Kuo Po-Chen , Chien Wu-Chien , Hsieh Yun-Hsiu 
Published: September 2021

Background: Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a possible extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigate the relation between IBD and ION and possible risk factors associated with their incidence.Methods: Medical records were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013. The main outcome was ION development. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed.Results: We enrolled 22,540 individuals (4,508 with IBD, 18,032 without). The cumulative risk of developing ION was significantly greater for patients with IBD vs. patients without (Kaplan–Meier survival curve, p = 0.009; log-rank test). Seven (5%) and five (0.03%) patients developed ION in the IBD and control groups, respectively. Patients with IBD were significantly more likely to develop ION than those without IBD [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 4.135; 95% confidence interval: 1.312–11.246, p = 0.01]. Possible risk factors of ION development were age 30–39 years, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerosis, and higher Charlson comorbidity index revised (CCI_R) value.Conclusion: Patients with IBD are at increased risk of subsequent ION development. Moreover, for patients with comorbidities, the risk of ION development is significantly higher in those with IBD than in those without.
The Association of Fat-Mass-and Obesity-Associated Gene Polymorphism (rs9939609) With Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Akbari Mohammad Esmail , Doaei Saeid , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Bahar Bojlul , Tabesh Ghasem Azizi , Sadeghi Hossein , Razavi Hashemi Melika , Kheyrani Elham , Rastgoo Samira , Hajipour Azadeh , Aslany Zahra , Mirfakhraie Reza , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza 
Published: September 2021

Background and AimThe association between the rs9939609 polymorphism of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and risk of colorectal cancer is controversial. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) in Iranian people.MethodsA case-control study was conducted on 125 patients with CRC and 250 healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran. Demographic data and blood samples were collected from all participants. Genotyping of rs9939609 polymorphism was performed by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method.ResultsThe occurrence of AA genotype of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in the colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher compared to that of healthy subjects (16.4 vs. 2.9%, respectively, P=0.02). The association between the frequency of risk allele of the FTO polymorphism and CRC (B=1.67, P=0.042) remained significant after adjustment for age. Further adjustment for gender (model 2) and marital status (model 3) did not change this result (B=1.67, P= 0.042 and B=1.67, P=0.043, respectively). The results remained significant after additional adjustment for ethnicity (B=1.57, P= 0.047).ConclusionWe found a positive association between the A allele of the rs9939609 polymorphism and CRC. Future studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.
Bevacizumab Combined with Corticosteroids Does Not Improve the Clinical Outcome of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients With Radiation-Induced Brain Necrosis
Authors: Li Honghong , Rong Xiaoming , Hu Weihan , Yang Yuhua , Lei Ming , Wen Wenjie , Yue Zongwei , Huang Xiaolong , Chua Melvin L. K. , Li Yi , Cai Jinhua , He Lei , Pan Dong , Cheng Jinping , Pi Yaxuan , Xue Ruiqi , Xu Yongteng , Tang Yamei 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveOur aim was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients treated with bevacizumab combined with corticosteroids and those with bevacizumab monotherapy from a radiation-induced brain necrosis (RN) registry cohort (NCT03908502).MethodsWe utilized clinical data from a prospective RN registry cohort (NCT03908502) from July 2017 to June 2020. Patients were considered eligible if they had symptomatic RN after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and received bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, two to four cycles) with a minimum follow-up time of 3 months. The primary outcome was a 2-month response rate determined by MRI and clinical symptoms. Secondary outcomes included quality of life [evaluated by the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire] and cognitive function (evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale) at 2 months, RN recurrence during follow-up, and adverse events.ResultsA total of 123 patients (34 in the combined therapy group and 89 in the monotherapy group) were enrolled in our study with a median follow-up time of 0.97 year [interquartile range (IQR) = 0.35–2.60 years]. The clinical efficacy of RN did not differ significantly between patients in these two groups [odds ratio (OR) = 1.642, 95%CI = 0.584–4.614, p = 0.347]. Furthermore, bevacizumab combined with corticosteroids did not reduce recurrence compared with bevacizumab monotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.329, 95%CI = 0.849–2.079, p = 0.213]. The most common adverse events of bevacizumab were hypertension (17.89%), followed by nosebleed (8.13%) and fatigue (8.13%). There was no difference in grade 2 or more severe adverse events between the two groups (p = 0.811).InterpretationOur results showed that the treatment strategy of combining bevacizumab with corticosteroids did not lead to better clinical outcomes for RN patients with a background of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Shock Index, Pediatric Age-Adjusted Predicts Morbidity and Mortality in Children Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Huang Kuo-Chen , Yang Ying , Li Chao-Jui , Cheng Fu-Jen , Huang Ying-Hsien , Chuang Po-Chun , Chiu I-Min 
Published: September 2021

Background: The shock index, pediatric age-adjusted (SIPA), defined as the maximum normal heart rate divided by the minimum normal systolic blood pressure by age, can help predict the risk of morbidity and mortality after pediatric trauma. This study investigated whether the SIPA can be used as an early index of prognosis for non-traumatic children visiting the pediatric emergency department (ED) and were directly admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We hypothesized that an increase in SIPA values in the first 24 h of ICU admission would correlate with mortality and adverse outcomes.Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled non-traumatic patients aged 1–17 years who presented to the pediatric ED and were directly admitted to the ICU from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, in Taiwan. The SIPA value was calculated at the time of arrival at the ED and 24 h after ICU admission. Cutoffs included SIPA values &gt;1.2 (patient age: 1–6), &gt;1.0 (patient age: 7–12), and &gt;0.9 (patient age: 12–17). The utility of the SIPA and the trends in the SIPA during the first 24 h of ICU admission were analyzed to predict outcomes.Results: In total, 1,732 patients were included. Of these, 1,050 (60.6%) were under 6 years old, and the median Pediatric Risk of Mortality score was 7 (5–10). In total, 4.7% of the patients died, 12.9% received mechanical ventilator (MV) support, and 11.1% received inotropic support. The SIPA value at 24 h after admission was associated with increased mortality [odds ratio (OR): 4.366, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.392–7.969, p &lt; 0.001], MV support (OR: 1.826, 95% CI: 1.322–2.521, p &lt; 0.001), inotropic support (OR: 2.306, 95% CI: 1.599–3.326, p &lt; 0.001), and a long hospital length of stay (HLOS) (2.903 days, 95% CI: 1.734–4.271, p &lt; 0.001). Persistent abnormal SIPA value was associated with increased mortality (OR: 2.799, 95% CI: 1.566–5.001, p = 0.001), MV support (OR: 1.457, 95% CI: 1.015–2.092, p = 0.041), inotropic support (OR: 1.875, 95% CI: 1.287–2.833, p = 0.001), and a long HLOS (3.2 days, 95% CI: 1.9–4.6, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with abnormal to normal SIPA values were associated with decreased mortality (OR: 0.258, 95% CI: 0.106–0.627, p = 0.003), while patients with normal to abnormal SIPA values were associated with increased mortality (OR: 3.055, 95% CI: 1.472–5.930, p = 0.002).Conclusions: In non-traumatic children admitted to the ICU from the ED, increased SIPA values at 24 h after ICU admission predicted high mortality and bad outcomes. Monitoring the trends in the SIPA could help with prognostication and optimize early management.
A Review of the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Online Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescents
Authors: Lysenstøen Christoffer , Bøe Tormod , Hjetland Gunnhild Johnsen , Skogen Jens Christoffer 
Published: September 2021

Social media (SoMe) activity constitutes a large part of the lives of adolescents. Even though the behavior on SoMe is complex, the research on SoMe has mostly focused on negative effects, bad content, and online antisocial behavior (OAB). Less research has been conducted on online prosocial behavior (OPB), and to what extent OPBs are widespread is relatively unknown. A review was conducted to investigate to what extent OPB is related to SoMe use among adolescents based on studies published from 2014 to May 2021. To be included, the studies had to be quantitative, non-experimental, have participants aged 13–18, include measures of SoMe and OPB, and be published in peer-reviewed journals with full text available in English, Swedish, Danish or Norwegian. A research was conducted in databases PsychINFO, Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, Sociological Services Abstracts, and Eric. Two studies met the eligibility criteria. Both studies found an association between OPB and SoMe use. Methodological issues, however, were identified through a quality assessment using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies, and the small samples in the studies prevent us from drawing any firm conclusions. Possible reasons for the scarcity of eligible studies and directions for future research are discussed.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO; ID CRD42020162161 and CRISTIN; ID 2038994.
PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE BOUNDARY DISTANCE OF SHORE RADIO STATIONS IN VHF RANGE FOR THE SHORE-TO-SHIP DIRECTION
Authors: ПРОЦЕНКО М.Б. , ГРОМОЗДИН В.В. , КОЗУБ М.С. 
Published: September 2021

Сформулирована и детализирована методика оценивания граничной дальности береговых ОВЧ радиостанций в направлении Берег-Судно, которая основана на зависимостях напряженности поля, полученных эмпирическим путем. Определены численные значения граничной дальности ОВЧ радиосвязи применительно к типовому судовому радиооборудованию и шумовой обстановке вблизи судовой антенны. Проведена оценка максимальных допусков определения граничной дальности ОВЧ радиосвязи.
The procedure for estimating the boundary distance of the shore VHF radio stations in the shore-to-ship direction, which is based on the dependences of the electromagnetic field strength obtained empirically, has been formulated and detailed. Numerical values of the boundary distance of VHF radio communication in relation to typical ship radio equipment and the noise environment near the ship's antenna are determined. The estimation of the maximum tolerances for determining the boundary distance of VHF radio communication is carried out.
An Estimated Answer of a Condition between the Interpretive Structure and Surface Structure: Al-Qurtubi’s Tafseer as a Model
Authors: Alddajah Omar Okleh Khulaif 
Published: September 2021

This present work is concerned with one of the syntactic issues that has been researched by many linguists, grammarians, and specialists in Islamic studies, the estimated answer to a condition. However, this topic is researched this time by examining Imam Al-Qurtbi’s opinions in interpreting related ayas from the holly Quraan in his book (Collector of Quranic Rules) or its transliteration (Al-Jami’ Li Ahkam Al-Quran). Such a step involves commenting on, tracking what Al-Qurtbi said in this regard, discussing it from the points of view of other grammarians, and judging it accordingly, taking into account the apparent surface structures of the examples collected. To achieve this objective, the inductive analytical approach has been adopted in the analysis by tracing Al-Qurtbi’s various views in interpreting the Quranic verses. One of the most important conclusions of this study is that Al-Qurtubi was a carful interpreter of such linguistic issues, as his analysis was characterized by being highly intellectual and mature. Concerning the estimation of the answer to a condition, the study has concluded that Al-Qurtubi was concerned with the applied aspect of the concepts of interpretive and superficial structures, specifically when he estimated the answer to a condition in each presented verse.
Classism Hate Speech in Katherine Mansfield's Short Story ‘The Doll’s House’: A Pragmatic Study
Authors: Jassim Iman Noori , Ahmed Muslih Shwaysh 
Published: September 2021

Hate speech (henceforth HS) has recently spread and become an important issue. This type of speech in children's writings has a particular formulation and specific objectives that the authors intend to convey. Thus, the study aims at examining qualitatively and quantitatively the classism HS and its pragmatic functions via identifying the speech acts used to express classism HS, the implicature instigated as well as impoliteness. Since pragmatics is the study of language in context, which is greatly related to the situations and speaker’s intention, this study depends on pragmatic theoriespeech acts, impoliteness and conversational implicature) to analyze the data which are taken from Katherine Mansfield's short story (The Doll’s House). The data has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It is qualitative, as it is dedicated to describe HS phenomenon that is found in the selected short story, depending on an eclectic model. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the researchers have used SPSS 23 program to determine the frequencies and percentages of the strategies that are intended to be measured. The study has concluded that HS has multiple dimensions that are difficult to interpret outside the context of speech. It can be conveyed by many strategies, both explicit and covert. Further, the simplest form of HS involves an insult in addition to other functions, such as disapproval and humiliation.