bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING AND MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN PROJECTS
Authors: Mansour Salamé Joseph , Leroy Yann , Saidani Michael , Nicolai Isabelle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe formalization of environmental issues has gained prominence since the definition of sustainable development by the Brundtland's report. Environmental performance has then been introduced to qualify the “green” contribution of an organization to its surrounding environment. However, its multi-dimensional aspects can be problematic when designing projects and making decisions, especially in the infrastructure sector where industrial activities are the most polluting ones. The aim of the study is to fill the environmental gap and confusion for decision-makers on the understanding of environmental performance, as well as to communicate on it, to define and share a clear vision and targets. A literature review is conducted and confronted with an industrial example in the railway sector to analyze the existing misunderstandings in industries while approaching environmental issues. By proposing and setting a clear framework of environmental performance, this research contributes to the conceptualization of environmental performance. More precisely, it characterizes an environmentally performant design project, in order to consider environmental performance as a driver and catalyzer of value creation.
CAPTURING MATHEMATICAL AND HUMAN PERCEPTIONS OF SHAPE AND FORM THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Gopsill James , Goudswaard Mark , Jones David , Hicks Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClassifying shape and form is a core feature of Engineering Design and one that we do this instinctively on a daily basis. Matching similar components to then reduce unique component counts, determining whether a competitors design infringes on copyright and receiving market feedback on product styling are all examples where shape and form comes into play. However, shape and form can be perceived in different ways from purely mathematical (e.g. shape grammars) to wholly subjective (e.g. market feedback) and these perceptions may not entirely agree.This paper examines the mathematical and human perceptions of shape and form through a study of classifying shapes that have been interpolated between one another, and in doing so, highlights the disparity in perceptions. Following this, the paper demonstrates how the emergent field of Machine Learning can be applied to capture mathematical and human perceptions of shape and form resulting in a means to twin this feedback into product development.
WHAT MOTIVATES AND DISCOURAGES DESIGNERS TO USE DIGITAL SKETCHING? COMPARING ITS USE TO EXTERNALISE IDEAS VERSUS COMMUNICATING WITH EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS
Authors: Ranscombe Charlie , Zhang Wenwen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDigital design tools have dominated engineering and design practice offering many advantages that ultimately improve efficiency in the design process. Digital sketching is one such example of these tools yet, its current use is primarily to present work to stakeholders (External Communication). It is relatively underused to externalise ideas (Externalisation) where sketching on paper is still favoured. This paper aims to understand the characteristics of digital sketching that motivate or discourage designers to use the tool. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 designers to gain insights on the tool's use in External Communication and Externalisation. Results highlight a trade-off between fidelity of visualisations and time and effort expended to achieve visualisations. The key difference between the use scenarios is the way in which this trade-off is connected to managing stakeholder involvement. While designers acknowledge advantages that digital sketching can offer in externalisation, it is viewed as requiring a level of detail to begin use. In conclusion we suggest segmenting roles of digital sketching in terms of the characteristics identified in this study would help to motivate use in Externalisation.
COMMUNICATION IN AI-ASSISTED TEAMS DURING AN INTERDISCIPLINARY DRONE DESIGN PROBLEM
Authors: Gyory Joshua T. , Song Binyang , Cagan Jonathan , McComb Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman-artificial intelligent (AI) - assisted teaming is becoming a strategy for coalescing the complementary strengths of humans and computers to solve difficult tasks. Yet, there is still much to learn regarding how the integration of humans with AI agents into a team affects human behavior. Accordingly, this work begins to inform this research gap by focusing specifically on how the communication structure and interaction changes within AI-assisted human teams. The underlying discourse data for this work originates from a prior research study in which teams solve an interdisciplinary drone design and path-planning problem. Several metrics are employed in this work to study team discourse, including count, diversity, content richness, and semantic coherence. Results show significant differences in communication behavior in AI-assisted teams including more diversity and frequency in communication, more exchange of information regarding principal design parameters and problem-solving strategies, and more cohesion. Overall, this work takes meaningful steps towards understanding the effects of AI agents on human behavior in teams, critical for fully building effective human-AI hybrid teams in the future.
COMPARING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TO CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING
Authors: Van Sice Corrie , Faludi Jeremy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (AM) is revered for the design freedom it brings, but is it environmentally better or worse than conventional manufacturing? Since few direct comparisons are published, this study compared AM data from life-cycle assessment literature to conventional manufacturing data from the Granta EduPack database. The comparison included multiple printing technologies for steel, aluminum, and titanium. Results showed that metal AM had far higher CO2 footprints per kg of material processed than casting, extrusion, rolling, forging, and wire drawing, so it is usually a less sustainable choice than these. However, there were circumstances where it was a more sustainable choice, and there was significant overlap between these circumstances and aerospace industry use of metal AM. Notably, lightweight parts reducing embodied material impacts, and reducing use-phase impacts through fuel efficiency. Finally, one key finding was the irrelevance of comparing machining to AM per kg of material processed, since one is subtractive and the other is additive. Recommendations are given for future studies to use more relevant functional units to provide better comparisons.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR DOORS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Authors: König Adrian , Neuhaus Patrick , Alexander Koch , Ferdinand Schockenhoff , Philipp Hafemann , Ingrid Bubb , Markus Lienkamp 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVehicle doors have barely changed in recent decades, and nor has the car. Since autonomous driving will lead to changes in vehicles and how they are used, their doors will also have to be rethought. In the project UNICARagil, researchers from several universities in Germany design and build four prototypes of driverless and autonomous vehicles, which are developed based on a new and modular architecture. As part of this, we developed a concept including a prototype of an automated door system. In this paper, we present our concept development process adapted for door systems of autonomous vehicles. Based on the vehicle concept development process, it should help researchers and engineers to select and design new door concepts in an early phase. At the end, by means of an example, we present the prototype of our door concept as well as a boarding user study we carried out. This study helps evaluate and improve the boarding comfort of future door concepts.
CONCEPT MAPS COLLABORATIVE CREATION IN PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Oliveira Daniela , Gardoni Mickael , Dalkir Kimiz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges of effectively managing knowledge in an organization is promoting seamless connections of operations between departments, the Product Lifecycle Management paradigm. It is also a paradigm that fosters organizational adaptability and quick change in production. Historically, information systems supporting operations have been developed with a specific department's culture in background. Due to this legacy, connecting data, information systems and people across the product lifecycle is an ongoing puzzle for organizations. Theorists and practicians agree on the need to include employees' expertise and vision in this process. However, this involves multiple perspectives and needs that are different but equally valid make. This study explores a tacit knowledge capture tool to be used as a means to voice the interaction and negotiation among employees. Through its influence on ontologies, concept maps collaborative creation can provide a usability tool focused on meaning throughout the product lifecycle. A literature review of the challenges involved and of the proposed tool is presented, followed by a use case and concluded with recommendations drawn from theory and practice.
CONFIGURING CUSTOMIZED PRODUCTS WITH DESIGN OPTIMIZATION AND VALUE-DRIVEN DESIGN
Authors: Vidner Olle , Wehlin Camilla , Persson Johan A , Ölvander Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to efficiently design and deliver customized products, it is crucial that the process of translating customer needs to engineering characteristics and into unique products is smooth and without any misinterpretations. The paper proposes a method that combines design optimization with value-driven design to support and automate configuration of customized products. The proposed framework is applied to a case example with spiral staircases, a product that is uniquely configured for each customer from a set of both standard and customized components; a process that is complex, iterative and error-prone. In the case example, the optimization and value-driven design models are used to automate and speed-up the process of delivering quotations and design proposals that could be judged based on both engineering characteristics as well as their added value, thereby increasing the knowledge at the sales stage. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to generate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions that contain four clusters of solutions that dominate the baseline design. Hence the decision-maker is given a set of optimal solutions to choose from when balancing different economical and technical characteristics.
DEFINITION OF DRIVING FACTORS FOR DESIGNING SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: Lizarralde Iban , Abi Akle Audrey , Hamwi Mikhail , Samir Basma 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrent development of renewable energy systems (RES) is characterised by an increasing participation of citizens in the upstream decision-making process. These citizens can be future users of the RES but also members of a Renewable Energy Community that develop RES. They can be at the same time Renewable Energy producer, investor and consumer. Moreover, several type of businesses and terms are used to cope with social innovations within the energy sector: local renewable projects, sustainable energy communities or community of renewable energy production. So, actors' engagement opens new solutions for designers who are induced to share alternatives before making decisions. They usually impose constraints since the early phases of the design process. This approach implies for designers to consider new criteria related to citizens motivations and barriers. This paper presents a study to define the main factors that drive people to contribute in social innovation schemes for clean-energy transition. After a state of the art, a survey about 6 main factors and 18 criteria is presented. The analysis based on the responses from 34 participants (i.e. experts) reveals 2 most important factors of motivation and 2 principal barrier sources.
DEMONSTRATING THE FEASIBILITY OF MULTIMODAL NEUROIMAGING DATA CAPTURE WITH A WEARABLE ELECTOENCEPHALOGRAPHY + FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (EEG+FNIRS) IN SITU
Authors: Dybvik Henrikke , Erichsen Christian Kuster , Steinert Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe developed a wearable experimental sensor setup featuring multimodal EEG+fNIRS neuroimaging applicable for in situ experiments of human behavior in interaction with technology. A low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) was integrated with a wearable functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system, which we present in two parts. Paper A provide an exhaustive description of setup infrastructure, data synchronization process, a procedure for usage, including sensor application, and ensuring high signal quality. This paper (Paper B) demonstrate the setup';s usability in three distinct use cases: a conventional human-computer interaction experiment, an in situ driving experiment where participants drive a car in the city and on the highway, and an ashtanga vinyasa yoga practice in situ. Data on cognitive load from highly ecologically valid experimental setups are presented, and we discuss lessons learned. These include acceptable and unacceptable artefacts, data quality, and constructs possible to investigate with the setup.
DESIGN EDUCATION - A REVERSED METHOD TO FILL AN INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE GAP BETWEEN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME STUDENTS
Authors: Sole Martin Edward York , Barber Patrick , Turner Ian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTeachers in schools, tutors in colleges, and lecturers in universities are all required to have specific teaching qualifications. As part of the qualification, it is normal to study tried and tested pedological theories. Some examples are Bloom’s Taxonomy, Constructivism, and Experiential Learning. This paper identifies a gap in the information and knowledge required of student design engineers studying on a full-time course, when compared to part-time students. To redress this gap, it is suggested that no new theories are required but just a new method of applying an old theory, the application of Bloom’s Taxonomy in reverse alongside reverse engineering. An example of applying this method to a class of design engineers in their final year of a BEng (Hons) Mechanical Engineering is provided.
Fit without fear: remarkable mathematical phenomena of deep learning through the prism of interpolation
Authors: Belkin Mikhail 
Published: August 2021

In the past decade the mathematical theory of machine learning has lagged far behind the triumphs of deep neural networks on practical challenges. However, the gap between theory and practice is gradually starting to close. In this paper I will attempt to assemble some pieces of the remarkable and still incomplete mathematical mosaic emerging from the efforts to understand the foundations of deep learning. The two key themes will be interpolation and its sibling over-parametrization. Interpolation corresponds to fitting data, even noisy data, exactly. Over-parametrization enables interpolation and provides flexibility to select a suitable interpolating model.As we will see, just as a physical prism separates colours mixed within a ray of light, the figurative prism of interpolation helps to disentangle generalization and optimization properties within the complex picture of modern machine learning. This article is written in the belief and hope that clearer understanding of these issues will bring us a step closer towards a general theory of deep learning and machine learning.
On Turán exponents of bipartite graphs
Authors: Jiang Tao , Ma Jie , Yepremyan Liana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA long-standing conjecture of Erdős and Simonovits asserts that for every rational number
$r\in (1,2)$
there exists a bipartite graph H such that
$\mathrm{ex}(n,H)=\Theta(n^r)$
. So far this conjecture is known to be true only for rationals of form
$1+1/k$
and
$2-1/k$
, for integers
$k\geq 2$
. In this paper, we add a new form of rationals for which the conjecture is true:
$2-2/(2k+1)$
, for
$k\geq 2$
. This in turn also gives an affirmative answer to a question of Pinchasi and Sharir on cube-like graphs. Recently, a version of Erdős and Simonovits
$^{\prime}$
s conjecture, where one replaces a single graph by a finite family, was confirmed by Bukh and Conlon. They proposed a construction of bipartite graphs which should satisfy Erdős and Simonovits
$^{\prime}$
s conjecture. Our result can also be viewed as a first step towards verifying Bukh and Conlon
$^{\prime}$
s conjecture. We also prove an upper bound on the Turán number of theta graphs in an asymmetric setting and employ this result to obtain another new rational exponent for Turán exponents:
$r=7/5$
.
Psychotherapie im höheren Lebensalter in der Psychotherapieausbildung
Authors: Becker Tobias , Martin Franziska , Wilz Gabriele , Risch Anne Katrin , Kessler Eva-Marie , Forstmeier Simon 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Psychotherapie im höheren Lebensalter (PihL) gewinnt in Deutschland in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dennoch ist dieses Feld trotz des großen Bedarfs weiterhin unterrepräsentiert. Fragestellung: Wie werden angehende Psychotherapeut_innen aktuell in Bezug auf die psychotherapeutische Behandlung älterer Menschen ausgebildet? Methode: Sämtliche Ausbildungsinstitute in Deutschland mit dem Schwerpunkt Verhaltenstherapie sowie Dozierende mit Seminaren zu PihL wurden im Jahr 2018 zu einer Befragung eingeladen. Ergebnisse: Von 48 Instituten boten zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung 64.6 % gerontopsychlogische Unterrichtsstunden (M = 13.03 h) an (2.2 % des Theorieunterrichts). In den ausfindig gemachten Seminaren zeigen sich zu einem großen Teil die von Knight et al. (2009 ) vorgeschlagenen Themenschwerpunkte von allgemeinen und pathologischen Alterungsprozessen über diagnostische Besonderheiten bis hin zu konkreten Interventionsmethoden. Diskussion: Sowohl die Weiterbildungsstudiengänge als auch die neuen psychotherapeutischen Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge sollten mehr Inhalte zum Thema PihL ähnlich wie die hier ausfindig gemachten Seminare berücksichtigen. Eine Orientierung für eine Basiswissensvermittlung bieten die vorgeschlagenen Themenschwerpunkte.
The Distribution of Peak‐Ring Basins on Mercury and Their Correlation With the High‐Mg/Si Terrane
Authors: Hall G. P. , Martindale A. , Bridges J. C. , Nittler L. R. , Bunce E. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA catalog of mercurian craters that retain their central peak or peak‐ring structure was created to aid target prioritization for the Mercury Imaging X‐ray Spectrometer (MIXS), now on its way to Mercury aboard BepiColombo. Preliminary analysis of the MIXS crater catalog suggested a potential spatial correlation between an abnormally high spatial density of peak‐ring basins and a region of Mercury with elevated Mg/Si values (High‐Magnesium Terrane [HMT]). Robust statistical analysis of previously published crater catalogs confirmed that the spatial correlation exists, with an overall confidence level of 97.7%, specifically between peak‐ring basins and the HMT, delineated by a contour of Mg/Si = mean + 2σ = 0.648. Applying empirical impact cratering scaling laws to the 15 basins intersecting the HMT suggested that all have excavated material from ~13 to 20 km depth. None of the basins excavated mantle material, predicting instead that deep crustal material contains elevated Mg/Si material. However, five of the basins are predicted to have melted underlying mantle material, which might be a contributing factor in the elevated Mg/Si signature. In the absence of resolvable volcanic features associated with the rise of basaltic melts from the mantle, we favor excavation of deep crustal, high Mg/Si material. MIXS‐T is capable of spatially resolving individual features associated with peak‐ring basins and it is proposed that the 15 basins within the HMT are prioritized targets for MIXS, to test the hypothesis of exposed deep‐crustal material.
A Model for the Soil Freezing Characteristic Curve That Represents the Dominant Role of Salt Exclusion
Authors: Amankwah S. K. , Ireson A. M. , Maulé C. , Brannen R. , Mathias S. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe phenomenon of freezing point depression in frozen soils results in the co‐existence of ice and liquid water in soil pores at temperatures below 273.15 K (0°C), and is thought to have two causes: (a) capillary and adsorption effects, where the phase transition relationship is modified due to soil‐air‐water‐ice interactions, and (b) solute effects, where the presence of salts lowers the freezing temperature. The soil freezing characteristic curve (SFC) characterizes the relationship between liquid water content and temperature in frozen soils. Most hydrological models represent the SFC using only capillary and adsorption effects with a relationship known as the Generalized Clapeyron Equation (GCE). In this study, we develop and test a salt exclusion model for characterizing the SFC, comparing this with the GCE‐based model and a combined salt‐GCE effect model. We test these models against measured SFCs in laboratory and field experiments with diverse soil textures and salinities. We consistently found that the GCE‐based models under‐predicted freezing‐point depression. We were able to match the observations with the salt exclusion model and the combined model, suggesting that salinity is a dominant control on the SFC in real soils that always contain solutes. In modeling applications where the salinity is unknown, the soil bulk solute concentration can be treated as a single fitting parameter. Improved characterization of the SFC may result in improvements in coupled mass‐heat transport models for simulating hydrological processes in cold regions, particularly the hydraulic properties of frozen soils and the hydraulic head in frozen soils that drives cryosuction.
CtBP modulates Snail-mediated tumor invasion in Drosophila
Authors: Wu Chenxi , Ding Xiang , Li Zhuojie , Huang Yuanyuan , Xu Qian , Zou Rui , Zhao Mingyang , Chang Hong , Jiang Chunhua , La Xiaojin , Lin Gufa , Li Wenzhe , Xue Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer is one of the most fatal diseases that threaten human health, whereas more than 90% mortality of cancer patients is caused by tumor metastasis, rather than the growth of primary tumors. Thus, how to effectively control or even reverse the migration of tumor cells is of great significance for cancer therapy. CtBP, a transcriptional cofactor displaying high expression in a variety of human cancers, has become one of the main targets for cancer prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. The roles of CtBP in promoting tumorigenesis have been well studied in vitro, mostly based on gain-of-function, while its physiological functions in tumor invasion and the underlying mechanism remain largely elusive. Snail (Sna) is a well-known transcription factor involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor invasion, yet the mechanism that regulates Sna activity has not been fully understood. Using Drosophila as a model organism, we found that depletion of CtBP or snail (sna) suppressed RasV12/lgl-/--triggered tumor growth and invasion, and disrupted cell polarity-induced invasive cell migration. In addition, loss of CtBP inhibits RasV12/Sna-induced tumor invasion and Sna-mediated invasive cell migration. Furthermore, both CtBP and Sna are physiologically required for developmental cell migration during thorax closure. Finally, Sna activates the JNK signaling and promotes JNK-dependent cell invasion. Given that CtBP physically interacts with Sna, our data suggest that CtBP and Sna may form a transcriptional complex that regulates JNK-dependent tumor invasion and cell migration in vivo.