bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress with the Etiopathogenesis of Chronic Tonsillitis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective, Parallel-Group Study
Authors: Onal Merih , Kocak Nadir , Duymus Fahrettin , Bozkurt Mete Kaan , Elsurer Cagdas , Erdur Omer , Onal Ozkan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Tonsil tissue is a very important component of the human immunity system, contributing to the functioning of the cellular and humoral defence system, especially in childhood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that has a very important function in the balanced functioning of cells, in which the accumulation of a cellular protein called ER stress occurs in case of dysfunction. ER stress influences the pathogenesis of many diseases and immune system functions. We aimed to investigate the relation between the diseases of tonsil tissue and ER stress response to elucidate the mechanisms of diseases related with the immune system.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 46 children aged between 2 and 16 years who underwent tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy. Tonsil tissue was separated into two groups according to their size and evaluated in terms of ER stress markers and apoptosis markers by Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.Results: The ΔCT levels of ER stress markers (ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, GRP78, EIF2AK3, ERN1, GRP94) were greater in children with chronic tonsillitis (p < 0.005). In contrast, the tonsillar hypertrophy group had greater ΔCT levels of apoptosis markers (BAX, BCL-2) according to the Real-time PCR method (p < 0.005). According to the Western blot analysis, the normalized levels of ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, GRP78, and ERN1 genes were found greater in the chronic tonsillitis group than the tonsillar hypertrophy group. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of normalized BCL-2 and BAX levels by Western blot analysis.Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature investigating the effect of the ER stress pathway on the etiopathogenesis of tonsil diseases. It was concluded that the ER stress pathway plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis. Investigating the relationship between ER stress and structures such as the tonsil tissue that make up the immune system can help create new treatment strategies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04653376
A Fully Automatic AI-based CT Image Analysis System for Accurate Detection, Diagnosis, and Quantitative Severity Evaluation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Yan Chenggong , Wang Lingfeng , Lin Jie , Xu Jun , Zhang Tianjing , Qi Jin , Li Xiangying , Ni Wei , Wu Guangyao , Huang Jianbin , Xu Yikai , Woodruff Henry C. , Lambin Philippe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Accurate and rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) plays a crucial role in timely prevention and appropriate medical treatment to the disease. This study aims to develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based fully automated CT image analysis system for detection, diagnosis, and burden quantification of pulmonary TB.Methods: From December 2007 to September 2020, 892 chest CT scans from pathogen-confirmed TB patients were retrospectively included. A deep learning based cascading framework was connected to create a processing pipeline. To train and validate the model, 1921 lesions were manually labeled, classified by six categories of critical imaging features, and visually scored for the lesion involvement as the ground truth. “TB score” was calculated by the network-activation map to assess the disease burden quantitively. Independent test datasets from two additional hospitals and NIH TB Portal were used to validate externally the performance of the AI model.Results: CT scans from 526 participants (mean age, 48.5 years±16.5; 206 women) were analyzed. The lung lesion detection subsystem yielded a mean average precision of 0.68 on the validation cohort. In the independent datasets, the overall classification accuracy for six pulmonary critical imaging findings indicative of TB were 81.08%-91.05%. A moderate to strong correlation was demonstrated between the AI model quantified “TB score” and the radiologist-estimated CT score.Conclusion: This end-to-end AI system based on chest CT can achieve human-level diagnostic performance, and holds great potential for early management and medical resource optimization of patients with pulmonary TB in clinical practice.
Comprehensive Analysis of a ceRNA Network Reveals Potential Prognostic lncRNAs Involved in Progression of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ou Dehua , Wu Zesong , Shen Peilin , Hong Yingkai , Chen Si , Huang Yichuan , Lin Ming-en 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has attracted more and more attention in the biological field of bladder cancer(BC). We aim to construct a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA) network reveals potential prognostic lncRNAs involved in progression of BC.Results: Expression profiles of messenger RNA(mRNA), micro RNA(miRNA) and lncRNA of 397 BC samples and 19 non-tumor tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database. Patients with BC were randomly divided into training group (n=198) and validation group (n=199). Then, 130 lncRNAs, 159 miRNAs and 2,048 mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs, |logFC|>1, FDR<0.01) related to BC progression. Nextly, we constructed an BC associated deregulated competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA) network with 70 lncRNAs, 30 miRNAs, and 62 mRNAs involved in. Subsequently, a seven-lncRNA signature was constructed by establishing a LASSO Cox model with 13 lncRNAs associated with survival from the ceRNA network. This signature can well distinguish high-risk patients from low-risk patients in training group and verification group. Furthermore, we combined the risk score model with other clinical fictures to estimate the ability of survival prediction. The result suggested that the risk score can be selected as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival(OS) rate. Conclusion: In this study, we construct a ceRNA network related to progression of BC and established an seven-lncRNA signature, which was a candidate prognostic biomarker for prognostic prediction of BC patients .
Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Hypothyroidism and Sclerosing Cholangitis: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Xie Shuangshuang , Du Wenjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease caused by a disorder of dendritic cells. LCH mainly occurs in children and the tissue damage is caused by proliferative dendritic cells. In most LCH patients, only a single organ is affected, whereas some cases may involve multiple organs, such as bone marrow, liver, lungs, and brain.Case presentation: Herein we present an LCH case, that involved a multisystem: the skin, lungs, thyroid, liver, nails, and spleen. Low appetite, fatigue, and jaundice were the main symptoms. The patient had extensive skin lesions, nail lesions, macular sclera, and bilateral goiter. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher than normal. Lymphocytic thyroiditis was diagnosed by fine needle biopsy and skin rash. A liver biopsy revealed sclerosing cholangitis (SC). Response to treatment with Etoposide（VP-16), Prednisone acetate tablets, cyclophosphamide, and vinblastine was excellent. With disease remission, the corresponding ESR levels decreased.Conclusions: LCH involved not only the skin and thyroid, but also liver, lungs, nails and possibly the spleen in this case. Currently there are no standard treatment options and the treatment needs to be individualized. It is rare that LCH with sclerosing cholangitis is the first presentation, and we should be vigilant to whether other organs are involved. An elevated ESR may be a valuable indicator of disease activity in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
HMMR is a prognostic-related biomarker of p ancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and promotes the development of p ancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Neng , Dou Xiaolin , You Xing , Ou Zhenglin , Zhao Yaxin , Liu Guodong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background HMMR is an essential oncogene, which is highly expressed in most tumors and is related to the survival and prognosis of many tumors. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. The five-years overall survival (OS) is less than 10%. This study aim to investigate the relationship between HMMR expression and survival prognosis in patients with different tumors, the function of HMMR in pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) cells and explore the possible mechanisms in tumorigensis and development. Methods The Oncomine, Tumor Immunoassay Resource (TIMER) and GEPIA databases were used for assessing the expression of HMMR, after which PrognoScan database and Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used to explore the relationship between HMMR and tumour outcomes including overall survival (OS), diseases free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS). Then, we investigated the function of HMMR in PDAC cells. Finally, we conduct HMMR-related gene enrichment analysis. Results We determined HMMR expression to be significantly correlated with outcome in multiple types of cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with the effect being particularly pronounced in pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma. Elevated HMMR expression was found to be significantly correlated with PDAC staging and grade. Furthermore, we found that HMMR promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of PDAC cells. The KEGG data suggest that “Oocyte meiosis”, “Cell cycle”, “Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation”, “FoxO signaling pathway” and “p53 signaling pathway” might be involved in the effect of HMMR on tumor pathogenesis. Conclusions HMMR is high expression and associated with patient outcome in multiple cancer types, in addition, HMMR is a key factor which governs invasion and migration to PDAC, potentially playing a vital role in governing tumor invasion and migration and thus representing a valuable prognostic biomarker in PDAC patients.
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Acute Portomesenteric Vein Thrombosis After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: BARAH Ali , Al-Hashimi Israa , Kassamali Rahil , Aldebyani Qayed , Almokdad Omran , Elmagdoub Ayman , Khader Mohammed , Rehman Saad U , Omar Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Portomesenteric vein thrombosis (PMVT) following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is an uncommon but potentially debilitating complication. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) has an evolving role in recanalizing the venous flow and preventing thrombus propagation. It can be used as an alternative or in combination with systemic anticoagulants in selected patients. We report two cases of trans-hepatic and trans-splenic CDT of acute PMVT developed in post LSG. The patient's clinical details, radiological findings, safety, and efficacy are reported.Cases presentation: Two patients presented to the emergency department (ED) within 14 days of surgery. The presenting complaints were generally nonspecific. The diagnosis of PMVT was established in both patients based on abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). The two patients received a combined therapy of intravenous (IV) heparinization and CDT using trans-hepatic approach in case 1 and trans-splenic approach in case 2, determined by the extent of thrombosis. Subsequent post-procedure venograms and CECT were performed and showed significant thrombus resolution. Both patients received long-term anticoagulant therapy upon discharge with a successful overall recovery. Conclusion: PMVT is an infrequent and severe post LSG complication. Various approaches for re-establishing the portal venous flow have been described according to the severity of venous thrombosis. This article describes CDT therapy as a safe and effective option for treating PMVT in symptomatic patients.
Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression Based on Multi-Omics Databases Identified CXC Chemokines as Immune Prognostic Biomarkers of Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuai , Hu Zhiyang , Du Zefeng , Hong Dongchun , Huang Haoyang , Han Yueyin , Hou Yingdong , Feng Haoqian , Chen Tianyu , Xue Zhicheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) is one of the most frequent malignancies with a high recurrence rate. CXC chemokines, as indispensable components of the immune system, are considered broadly involving in tumorigenesis by orchestrating the immune cell chemotaxis and thus affect the prognosis of READ patients. However, the values of CXC chemokines as prognostic biomarkers and potential regulatory mechanisms for READ remain unclear.Results: The expression levels of CXCL3, CXCL12, and CXCL13 were aberrant in both TCGA and ONCOMINE databases. Lower expression of CXCL3 and CXCL13 predicted poor survival of READ patients. Additionally, both CXCL3 and CXCL13 were associated with several clinicopathological features. CXCL3 and CXCL13 expressions were significantly correlated with the tumor infiltration levels of immune cells in READ tissue. CeRNA networks of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA were constructed to reveal the potential mechanisms that regulated the expressions of CXCL3 and CXCL13. Furthermore, GSEA revealed the association between immune-related pathways and CXCL3 as well as CXCL13.Conclusions: CXCL3 and CXCL13 could be valuable prognostic biomarkers in READ. CXCL3/miR-425-5p/chr22-38_28785274–29006793.1 was identified as the most potential ceRNA network in READ. Our results might provide novel insights in READ immunotherapy.
Antiviral Bioactivity of Resveratrol Against Zika Virus Infection in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Russo Constanza Andrea , Torti Maria Florencia , Márquez Agostina Belén , Sepúlveda Claudia Soledad , Alaimo Agustina , García Cybele Carina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol with increasing interest for its inhibitory effects on a wide variety of viruses. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family for which there is no approved treatment or vaccine, and which has become a major global health threat. Within the broad spectrum of ophthalmological manifestations after infection, retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) type is one of the most permissive and susceptible to the virus. This work explored the protective effects of RES on ZIKV-infected human RPE cells. RES treatment resulted in a significant reduction of infectious viral titer in infected male ARPE-19 and female hTERT-RPE1 cells. This protection was positively influenced by the action of RES on mitochondrial dynamics, restoring the ZIKV induced fragmentation of mitochondrial network to conditions similar to those of uninfected control cultures. Also, docking studies showed that RES has a high affinity for two enzymes of the rate-limiting steps of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis and viral polymerase. In conclusion, our findings indicated that RES could be considered as an antiviral agent to treat ZIKV-induced ocular abnormalities.
Melatonin Contributes to The Hypertrophic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Chondrocytes Via Activation of The WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xuan , He Tianwei , He Lei , Yang Bu , Liu Zhongyu , Pang Mao , Xie Peigen , Zhang Liangming , Rong Limin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHypertrophy is a critical process for chondrocyte differentiation and maturation during endochondral ossification, which is responsible for the formation of long bone and its postnatal longitudinal growth. Increasing evidence suggests that melatonin, an indole hormone, plays a pivotal role in chondrogenesis; however, little is known about its effects on the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. MethodsMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived chondrocytes generated by a high-density micromass culture system were further induced to hypertrophic differentiation. The melatonin-mediated hypertrophic differentiation were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) analysis and histological staining and immunohistochemistry. The expression of downstream factors of WNT signaling pathway was evaluated by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The WNT signaling pathway antagonist XAV-939 was used to further demonstrate melatonin-induced hypertrophic chondrocytes and WNT signaling pathway activation.ResultsHistological staining showed melatonin increased the chondrocytes cell volume and the expression of type X collagen, but decreased the expression of type II collagen compare to the control group. RT-PCR showed that melatonin signiﬁcantly up-regulated the expression of biomarkers of hypertrophic chondrocytes, including type X collagen (COL10A1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Indian hedgehog (IHH), and parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor (PTHrP-R) and down-regulated the hallmarks of chondrocytes, including parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). The WNT signaling pathway PCR array showed that the effect of melatonin was accompanied by the up-regulation of multiple target genes of the canonical WNT signaling pathway and the melatonin-mediated effect can be blocked by XAV-939. ConclusionsThese ﬁndings demonstrate that melatonin can enhance the hypertrophic differentiation of MSCs-derived chondrocytes through the WNT signaling pathway. It adds evidence to the role of melatonin in promoting bone development and highlights its positive effects on chondrocytes terminal differentiation.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Recurrence of Ovarian Endometrioma in Young Women
Authors: Xin Xing , Song Xiaochen , Zhao Xinyang , WU Shanshan , Hao Xinyao , Song Aixin , Meng Zifan , Qi Jiarui , Tan Jichun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian endometroma seriously affects women's health, and is susceptible to recurrence after surgery. However, only a few studies have been conducted to asses the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of ovarian endometrioma in young women, and no risk factors associated with recurrence have been found. The purpose of this study is to analyse the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of ovarian endometrioma in young women. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed 196 young women who underwent ovarian endometrioma resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Shengjing Hospital from January 2008 to January 2018 and were followed-up for at least 3 years postoperatively. The patients were divided into a recurrence group or a non-recurrence group. Their preoperative histories, laboratory indexes, intraoperative manifestations, and follow-up symptoms were analysed. Results: The cumulative recurrence rate of ovarian endometrioma in young women 3 and 5 years after surgery was 8.0%, and 20.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in cancer antigen-125 levels (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.207, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.126–9.135, P = 0.029), the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) disease stage (HR: 4.588, 95%CI: 1.422–14.805, P =0.011), postoperative pregnancy (HR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.109–0.723, P = 0.008), and postoperative dysmenorrhoea (HR: 2.465, 95%CI :1.320–4.604, P = 0.005) between the two groups. Cox multivariate proportional risk analysis showed that rAFS disease stage (HR:3.783, 95%CI: 1.162–12.311, P=0.027) and postoperative dysmenorrhoea (HR: 2.291, 95%CI :1.222–4.296, P = 0.01) were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of ovarian endometrioma, whereas postoperative pregnancy (HR: 0.361, 95%CI: 0.138–0.944, P=0.038) was a protective factor for postoperative recurrence. There was no significant correlation between recurrence of ovarian endometrioma and age at surgery, age at the time of menarche, body mass index, duration of dysmenorrhoea, degree of dysmenorrhoea, genital malformation, surgical approach, maximum diameter of the cyst, and postoperative medication. Conclusion: rAFS disease stage and postoperative dysmenorrhoea are risk factors for the recurrence of ovarian endometrioma during long-term follow-up, whereas postoperative pregnancy is a protective factor.
The Glycemic Response to Infant Formulas: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Anafy Adi , Moran-Lev Hadar , Shapira Niva , Priel Meital , Oren Asaf , Mangel Laurence , Mandel Dror , Lubetzky Ronit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Commercial infant formulas attempt to imitate the unique composition of human milk, which contributes to its distinctive influence on glycemic and insulinemic responses. However, lactose-free and milk protein-free formulas are often recommended due to medical reasons or chosen due to personal preferences (e.g., veganism). The aim of this study was to determine the glycemic and insulinemic indices of a variety of infant formulas.Methods: We conducted a three-arm, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. The participants were healthy adult volunteers aged 25-40 years. Each participant randomly drank three commercially available infant formulas (cow's milk protein-based ["standard"], soy protein-based, and lactose-free). Glycemic and insulinemic responses and glucose and insulin blood levels were determined and compared between the three formulas. Results: Twenty subjects were enrolled (11 females/9 males, mean age 32.8 ± 2.9 years). No significant difference was found in the glycemic index between the three formulas (21.5, 29.1, and 21.5 for the standard, soy protein-based, and lactose-free formulas, respectively, p = 0.21). However, maximal glucose levels were significantly higher for the soy protein-based formula compared to both the standard and lactose-free formulas (111.5 mg/dL compared to 101.8 mg/dL and 105.8 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.001).Conclusion: A cow's milk protein-based formula, a lactose-free formula, and a soy protein-based formula elicited similar glycemic index. However, soy protein-based formula produced a significantly higher increase in postprandial glucose levels. The implication and the biological significance of these results has yet to be determined.
A Rare Case Report of Primary Ovarian Burkitt Lymphoma and Review of Literature
Authors: Xu Hongliang , Zhao Caixia , Wang Qing , Chen Yong , Zhang Weiqin , Zhang Heping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma is rare, with only 26 reported cases，usually with high proliferative activity and MYC translocation. A case of primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma that occurred in a 25-year-old woman was described in the present study.Case presentation: An ultrasound examination indicated that the right ovary was enlarged and abundant blood flow signals were observed. The right salpingo-oophorectomy was subsequently performed. Histology was characterized by diffuse sheets of monotonous medium-sized lymphoid cells with high mitotic activity and apoptosis. Numerous tangible-body macrophages were found in the ovarian tissue, presenting a starry sky pattern. The tumor cells expressed CD20, CD79-a, PAX5, CD10, BCL6, and MYC in the absence of BCL2, CD3, CD5, CD138, and TdT. A significant Ki-67 proliferation index was revealed at virtually 90%. FISH examination indicated positive MYC (8q24) rearrangement but negative, BCL2 (18q21) and BCL6 (3q37) rearrangement. Cumulative evidence indicated primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma as the final histopathological diagnosis. The patient was treated with 8 courses of CODOX-M/IVAC combined with HyperCVAD chemotherapy after surgery.Conclusion: By reporting the histological patterns, immunophenotypes, FISH, and successful post-surgical combined chemotherapy of this rare case of primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma, we expected to provide insights into the future treatment of this rare but lethal disease.