bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superoxide anions induce tension wood formation by promoting cambium cell activity
Authors: Huang Li-Chao , Li Yu-Yu , Lai Jian-Xin , An Yi , Song Xue-Qin , Zhao Shu-Tang , Zhang Jin , Lu Meng-Zhu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tension wood (TW), characterized by increased cambium cell proliferation and few vessels, is a classical model for the mechanical analysis of wood formation. In this study, we found higher superoxide anion (O2.−) levels in the cambium zone of poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa clone “84K”) TW than in that of opposite wood during gravistimulation. Treatment with an O2.− activator (methyl viologen) resulted in tension-wood-like xylem tissue formation, and transgenic plants with reduced cambium O2.− levels presented an attenuated gravity response. Time-course detection of O2.− and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels revealed that auxin responses were enhanced following increases in O2.− levels, suggesting that IAA mediates TW induction downstream of O2.−. Rapid division but advanced programmed cell death in cambium cells was detected in both gravistimulated and O2.− activator-treated plants. These findings suggest that high O2.− levels trigger downstream IAA signaling to promote cambium cell proliferation and induce TW formation.
The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments
Authors: Kluender Raymond , Mahoney Neale , Wong Francis , Yin Wesley 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two in five Americans have medical debt, nearly half of whom owe at least $2,500. Concerned by this burden, governments and private donors have undertaken large, high-profile efforts to relieve medical debt. We partnered with RIP Medical Debt (now Undue Medical Debt) to conduct two randomized experiments that relieved medical debt with a face value of $169 million for 83,401 people between 2018 and 2020. Our experiments focused on downstream medical debt that had been sold to debt collectors, and one of our experiments straddled an industry-wide pullback in the reporting of medical debt to the credit bureaus, allowing us to estimate the effects of debt relief with and without counterfactual reporting. We track outcomes using credit reports, collections account data, and a multimodal survey. There are three sets of results. First, we find a modest improvement in credit access when there is counterfactual credit reporting, but no impact on credit report outcomes when there is not. Second, we estimate that debt relief causes a moderate but statistically significant reduction in payments of existing medical bills. Third, we find no effects on survey measures of mental and physical health, healthcare utilization, and financial wellness. Taken together, our results indicate that the strong correlations documented in prior research do not translate into causal effects for downstream medical debt relief.
Representations on canonical models of generalized fermat curves and their syzygies
Authors: Karagiannis Kostas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We study canonical models of $\left(\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z}\right)^n$-covers of the projective line, tamely ramified at exactly n + 1 points each of index k, when $k,n\geq 2$ and the characteristic of the ground field K is either zero or does not divide k. We determine explicitly the structure of the respective homogeneous coordinate ring first as a graded K-algebra, next as a $\left(\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z}\right)^n$- representation over K and then as a graded module over the polynomial ring; in the latter case, we give generators for its first syzygy module, which we also decompose as a direct sum of irreducible representations.
Geocultural differences in preschooler sleep profiles and family practices: an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries
Authors: Zhang Zhiguang , Abdeta Chalchisa , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel , del Pozo-Cruz Jesús , Draper Catherine E , Engberg Elina , Florindo Alex , Germana Leyna , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Guan Hongyan , Ha Amy Sau-Ching , Hamdouchi Asmaa El , Tang Hong K , Hossain Mohammed Sorowar , Jambaldorj Bayasgalan , Kim Dong Hoon , Koh Denise , Kontsevaya Anna , Löf Marie , Lubree Himangi , Jáuregui Alejandra , Munambah Nyaradzai , Mwase-Vuma Tawonga , Oluwayomi Aoko , Pham Bang Nguyen , Reilly John J , Staiano Amanda E , Suherman Adang , Tanaka Chiaki , Tanui Stephen , Teo Wei-Peng , Tremblay Mark S , Turab Ali , Užičanin Edin , Veldman Sanne L C , Webster E Kipling , Wickramasinghe V Pujitha , Widyastari Dyah Anantalia , Okely Anthony 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine (1) multidimensional sleep profiles in preschoolers (3–6 years) across geocultural regions and (2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).

Methods
Participants were 3507 preschoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n = 1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured. Mixed models were used to estimate the marginal means of sleep characteristics by region and examine the differences.

Results
Geocultural region explained up to 30% of variance in sleep characteristics. A pattern of short nighttime sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and long nap duration was observed in Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia. The second pattern, with later sleep midpoints and greater night-to-night sleep variability, was observed in South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. Compared to the Minority World, less optimal sleep characteristics were observed in several Majority World regions, with medium-to-large effect sizes (∣d∣=0.48–2.35). Several Majority World regions reported more frequent parental smartphone use during bedtime routines (Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia: 0.77–0.99 units) and were more likely to have electronic devices in children’s bedroom (Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia: OR = 5.97–16.57) and co-sleeping arrangement (Asia, Latin America: OR = 7.05–49.86), compared to the Minority World.

Conclusions
Preschoolers’ sleep profiles and related family practices vary across geocultural regions, which should be considered in sleep health promotion initiatives and policies.
Association between genetic variation rs57095329 of microRNA-146a and development of cognitive impairment after anesthesia: a case–control study in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Fan Leijun , Wu Ru , Sun Yunyun , Li Xia , Chen Liang , Zhang Jun , Miao Chenghao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The latest studies have demonstrated that aberrant expression of microRNA-146a is related to cognitive decline. The rs57095329 polymorphism occurring in the miR-146a promoter modulates its expression and causes downstream pathogenicity. A case–control study in a Chinese Han population was established to investigate the genetic association between the miR-146a rs57095329 polymorphism and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). 242 patients with POCD and another 238 non-POCD cases were enrolled in the case–control study. Serum miR-146a levels were detected by qRT-PCR. miR-146a rs57095329 polymorphism was genotyped using the ABI PRISM SNaPshot method. The genetic association between the rs57095329 polymorphism and POCD was assessed by regression analysis. No significant difference was detected for age, gender and BMI between POCD and non-POCD groups. MiR-146a rs57095329 polymorphism revealed significant generic associations with POCD in both dominant and recessive models, and the AA genotype may increase the risk of developing POCD. qRT-PCR indicated the upregulation of miR-146a level in POCD group. Serum levels of miR-146a and inflammatory factors were higher in rs57095329 AA genotype carriers than in AG/GG genotype carriers. Rs57095329 polymorphism was independently associated with the development of POCD. In conclusion, miR-146a rs57095329 polymorphism was associated with POCD in the Chinese Han population. The rs57095329 AA genotype was the causative genotype for POCD and was related to the upregulation of miR-146a and inflammatory factor levels.
Pilot Feasibility Study of Physical Activity to Manage Bowel Dysfunction in Survivors of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Nehemiah Ariel , Pettke Erica , Appel Scott , Garcia David O. , Bea Jennifer W. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Sun Virginia , Krouse Robert S. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Low anterior resection syndrome can disrupt health-related quality of life for survivors of rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the feasibility, satisfaction with, and benefit of a pilot telehealth physical activity counseling intervention for survivors of rectal cancer with low anterior resection syndrome.

DESIGN:
Single site, single arm prospective pre-post pilot feasibility intervention.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted at a single academic institution via telehealth.

PATIENTS:
Patients with stage I-III rectal or rectosigmoid cancer and low anterior resection syndrome who were 3 months to 5 years post-low anterior resection alone or with diverting loop ileostomy and subsequent reversal were included.

INTERVENTIONS(S):
Twenty-four patients completed 12 weekly one-on-one physical activity counseling sessions with a health coach.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Feasibility, participant satisfaction, low anterior resection syndrome score, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Bowel Function Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, City of Hope Quality of Life Survey – Colorectal Cancer, daily step counts.

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven patients enrolled in the study and 24 (89%) completed the intervention. Every intervention participant attended all telehealth coaching sessions. Through exit interviews, participants expressed satisfaction with the study, said it positively impacted their mental health, and helped them cope with their symptoms. At 12 weeks, 7.27% (p = 0.002) and 16.5% (p ≤ 0.0001) improvements in bowel function, as measured by the bowel function instrument and low anterior resection syndrome score, respectively were demonstrated. Quality of life improved by 9.8% at 12 weeks (p = 0.009), with the social domain having the greatest improvement (22%, p < 0.0001). These improvements persisted at twelve-week follow-up. Daily steps increased by 17.5% during the intervention (p = 0.035).

LIMITATIONS:
Pre-post study design.

CONCLUSIONS:
Delivering a telehealth counseling intervention is feasible and satisfactory for survivors of rectal cancer with LARS. This intervention has positive implications for bowel health and health-related quality of life. See Video Abstract.

Clinical Trial Registration:
NCT06435975.
Surprise Baby: Abdominoplasty Performed During Unknown Pregnancy
Authors: Lagumdzija Jasmina , Ender Sebastian , Mahrhofer Maximilian , Wechselberger Gottfried , Russe Elisabeth 
Published: December 2024

Summary:
Abdominoplasty is a commonly performed procedure for patients after significant weight loss and in postpregnancy women. Stable weight and completed family planning are critical for optimal outcomes, as pregnancy postabdominoplasty can increase risks for both mother and fetus and potentially compromise aesthetic results. We present the first reported case of a patient undergoing abdominoplasty while unknowingly pregnant. A 40-year-old woman, 4 years postbariatric bypass surgery, presented for abdominoplasty with a body mass index of 28 kg/m2. She had 3 children and had concluded her family planning. The surgery was performed without complications. Four months later, an unexpected pregnancy at 24 weeks was discovered. The patient developed gestational diabetes and hypertension but had no complications related to the abdominoplasty. The male newborn, delivered at 38 weeks, was small for gestational age but healthy. Ten years postsurgery, the patient maintained excellent aesthetic results with no abdominal complications. This case highlights that although family planning completion is recommended preoperatively to avoid complications, pregnancy postabdominoplasty can still result in favorable maternal and fetal outcomes. Although performing abdominoplasty on pregnant women is not advised, this case demonstrates that an undetected pregnancy during the procedure did not lead to adverse outcomes for the mother or child.
Vascular Basement Membrane Fragmentation in Keloids and the Expression of Key Basement Membrane Component Genes
Authors: Saijo Yusaku , Ichinose Shizuko , Dohi Teruyuki , Ogawa Rei 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Keloids are growing scars that arise from injury to the reticular dermis and subsequent chronic local inflammation. The latter may be promoted by vascular hyperpermeability, which permits the ingress of chronic inflammatory cells/factors. Cutaneous capillaries consist of endothelial cells that generate, and are anchored by, a vascular basement membrane (VBM). Because VBM blocks immune cells/factors ingress, we investigated whether keloids are associated with altered VBM structure and/or VBM component expression by local endothelial cells.

Methods:
In total, 54 keloid (n = 27) and adjacent normal skin (n = 27) samples from 14 patients underwent transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross-sections of whole capillaries were identified. VBM thickness, continuity, and the number of layers in keloid and normal skin tissues were quantified. The differential expression of 222 previously reported VBM component genes in keloid and normal skin endothelial cells was analyzed using the GSE121618-microarray dataset.

Results:
TEM images showed that keloid VBMs were significantly thinner than adjacent skin VBMs (0.053 versus 0.078 nm; P < 0.001). They were also greatly fragmented (continuity was 46% versus 85% in normal skin; P < 0.001) and had fewer (1.2 versus 2.4) layers (P < 0.001). Keloidal endothelial cells demonstrated downregulation of 22 genes, including papilin, laminin-α5, and laminin-α2, and upregulation of 28 genes, including laminin-β1, laminin-β2, laminin-γ1, and laminin-γ2.

Conclusions:
VBMs are greatly fragmented in keloids. These changes support the notion that keloids are initiated/promoted, at least partly, by vascular hyperpermeability.
Comparing Teleretinal Screening-Identified Diabetic Retinopathy With Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Markers of Systemic Disease
Authors: Rodriguez Sean M. , Hamill Eric B. , Sundaresan Amritha , Guffey Danielle , Weng Christina Y. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy are two major life-altering complications of diabetes mellitus. Identifying permissive and protective factors for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy is imperative so that diabetic quality of life can be optimized and downstream complications can be minimized.

Methods:
We performed a large retrospective chart review of 997 patients at a county medical center with a majority Hispanic population. Through multivariable regression analysis, we identified significant factors associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. We also identified patients with a discordance between diabetic control and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

Results:
Chronic kidney disease, baseline HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure were found to be positive risk factors for both diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Beta-blocker use and insulin use were identified as positive risk factors for diabetic retinopathy but not diabetic nephropathy. A higher body metabolic index (BMI) was found to be protective for diabetic retinopathy. We identified 7 patients with poor diabetic control (HbA1c >10%) but no diabetic retinopathy. There were no outlier patients found in the low glycemic exposure group.

Conclusions and Importance:
Our results are similar to other large-cohort reviews identifying factors associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. We identified a small cohort with discordance between diabetic control and the development of diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy. Future studies should be conducted looking into reasons for the anomalous progression of disease in certain patients.
The surgical safety margin after neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with nimotuzumab leading to tumor regression
Authors: Zhang Suxin , Chen Si , Chai Guochao , Shi Yaoyao , Bao Yang , Peng Shixiong , Cui Zifeng , Hao Jiamei 
Published: December 2024

Background:
To investigate the effect of nimotuzumab (N) combined with nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (APF) neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the surgical margin.

Methods:
55 patients were divided into three groups: neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery group (G1, 15 cases), chemotherapy and surgery group (G2 group, 20 cases), and surgery group (G3 group, 20 cases). Tissue samples of the tumor core zone (P0), adjacent (P1, 3-5mm from tumor), distal adjacent (P2, 7-10mm from tumor), and surgical margin (P3, 15mm from tumor) were collected. Morphological changes and pathological remission rates were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EGFR, elF4E, P53, and VEGF in each specimen by statistical analysis.

Results:
In the G1 and G2 groups, various degrees of degeneration and necrosis were observed in the tumor retraction area. Nine cases of MPR (major pathologic response) and 4 cases of pCR (pathologic complete response) in the G1 group; 8 cases of MPR and 3 cases of pCR in the G2 group. The expressions of p53, eIF4E, and EGFR in the samples of the three groups decreased from P0 to P2 with statistical differences (p<0.05). In the molecular tumor shrinkage area, the expression levels of p53, eIF4E, and EGFR in the shrinkage zone were lower than those in the negative margin.

Conclusion:
In summary, although there is no significant statistical difference between neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nimotuzumab combined with APF and APF alone in the pathological remission rate of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, there is a trend indicating that nimotuzumab combined with APF is superior.
Probiotics prevent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-associated hand-foot syndrome and oral mucositis of breast cancer patients following surgery and chemotherapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Juan Zhang , Chen Jie , Ding Boni , Yongping Liang , Cai Haifeng , Chen Hui , Wang Ling , Le Yuan , Shi Jingcheng , Wu Yuhui , Ma Daqing , Ouyang Wen , Cheng Yong , Tong Jianbin 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and oral mucositis (OM) are common adverse events during cancer chemotherapy and can significantly decrease patients’ quality of life and chemotherapy adaptation, however, prevention strategies of these complications yet to be established.

Methods:
Patients with stages I–III breast cancer, who had surgery and needed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)-based adjuvant chemotherapy were screened, recruited and randomly assigned to receive either probiotics or placebo (three capsules, twice/day) treatment during the course of chemotherapy from November 2019 to August 2020. The incidence and severity of PLD related HFS and OM, and patients’ quality of life were assessed. Their plasma biomarkers, metabolites and fecal microbiota compositions were measured. And the results were further verified in animal experiments.

Results:
Probiotics supplement during PLD treatment significantly decreased the incidence and the severity of HFS and OM (P < 0.001), improved patients’ life quality (P < 0.001), increased the relative abundance of intestinal Enterococcus (P = 0.025) and mitigated the changes of seven plasma metabolites. Among these metabolites, the changes of p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol (MDO) (B = − 0.441, P = 0.02) and L-arginine (B = − 0.586, P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of severe HFS and OM. MDO can partly reproduce the preventive effects of probiotics on PLD-related skin cell proliferating inhibition, DNA damage, and local inflammation in rats.

Conclusion:
Probiotics supplement during PLD-based chemotherapy prevents the incidence and severity of HFS and OM, which may be associated with modulating plasma metabolites including the MDO.
Lip-split mandibulectomy versus lip-mandible preservation technique for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Sun Bincan , Gan Chengwen , Tang Yan , Zhu Feiya 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Many studies have compared lip-splitting mandibulotomy (LSM) and lip-mandible preservation (LMP) techniques in oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OOPC) patients with inconsistent conclusions. Evidence-based recommendations for the optimal surgical approach for treating OOPC are lacking.

Methods:
The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, WAN-FANG, CQVIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched to identify studies that compared LSM versus LMP for OOPC. An additional search of the gray literature was performed using Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Survival rate, recurrence rate, surgical margin, perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications and functional status were assessed. The standard mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models.

Results:
Four randomized controlled trials, five case-control studies, and twenty cohort studies including a total of 2622 patients were identified. The LSM approach significantly increased postoperative complications such as mandibular osteomyelitis/osteoradionecrosis (OR = 4.57; 95% CI = 1.20-17.39; P = 0.026), fistula (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.05-2.15; P = 0.027), and flap infection (OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.49-5.87; P = 0.002), while LMP improved facial appearance (SMD = −0.65; 95% CI = −1.05 to −0.25; P = 0.002). Meta-analyses showed no significant difference in survival rate (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.83-1.38; P = 0.59), total recurrence (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.87-1.52; P = 0.325), local recurrence (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.88-2.19; P = 0.163), operation duration (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI = −0.75 to 1.13; P = 0.688), length of hospital stay (SMD = 0.48; 95% CI = −0.27 to 1.22; P = 0.208), volume of blood loss (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI = −0.17 to 1.03; P = 0.156), surgical margin (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.72-1.41; P = 0.947), hematoma/seroma (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.46-2.25; P = 0.972), wound infection (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 0.92-1.79; P = 0.145), swallowing (SMD = −0.33; 95% CI = −0.91 to 0.24; P = 0.428) and speech (SMD = −0.14; 95% CI = −0.44 to 0.17; P = 0.381) between the LSM and LMP groups.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that LMP may be a safe and efficient alternative to LSM for treating OOPC patients with decreased mandibular osteomyelitis/osteoradionecrosis, fistula, flap infection, and a better aesthetic outcome.