bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oxford Classic Links Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition to Immunosuppression in Poor Prognosis Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Cunnea Paula , Zhong Zhe , Lu Haonan , Osagie Oloruntoba I. , Campo Leticia , Artibani Mara , Nixon Katherine , Ploski Jennifer , Santana Gonzalez Laura , Alsaadi Abdulkhaliq , Wietek Nina , Damato Stephen , Dhar Sunanda , Blagden Sarah P. , Yau Christopher , Hester Joanna , Albukhari Ashwag , Aboagye Eric O. , Fotopoulou Christina , Ahmed Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Using RNA sequencing, we recently developed the 52-gene–based Oxford classifier of carcinoma of the ovary (Oxford Classic, OxC) for molecular stratification of serous ovarian cancers (SOCs) based on the molecular profiles of their cell of origin in the fallopian tube epithelium. Here, we developed a 52-gene NanoString panel for the OxC to test the robustness of the classifier.

Experimental Design:
We measured the expression of the 52 genes in an independent cohort of prospectively collected SOC samples (n = 150) from a homogenous cohort who were treated with maximal debulking surgery and chemotherapy. We performed data mining of published expression profiles of SOCs and validated the classifier results on tissue arrays comprising 137 SOCs.

Results:
We found evidence of profound nongenetic heterogeneity in SOCs. Approximately 20% of SOCs were classified as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–high (EMT-high) tumors, which were associated with poor survival. This was independent of established prognostic factors, such as tumor stage, tumor grade, and residual disease after surgery (HR, 3.3; P = 0.02). Mining expression data of 593 patients revealed a significant association between the EMT scores of tumors and the estimated fraction of alternatively activated macrophages (M2; P &lt; 0.0001), suggesting a mechanistic link between immunosuppression and poor prognosis in EMT-high tumors.

Conclusions:
The OxC-defined EMT-high SOCs carry particularly poor prognosis independent of established clinical parameters. These tumors are associated with high frequency of immunosuppressive macrophages, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical outcome.
Diffusion-weighted Imaging Allows for Downgrading MR BI-RADS 4 Lesions in Contrast-enhanced MRI of the Breast to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsy
Authors: Clauser Paola , Krug Barbara , Bickel Hubert , Dietzel Matthias , Pinker Katja , Neuhaus Victor-Frederic , Marino Maria Adele , Moschetta Marco , Troiano Nicoletta , Helbich Thomas H. , Baltzer Pascal A.T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Diffusion-weighted imaging with the calculation of an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has been proposed as a quantitative biomarker on contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) of the breast. There is a need to approve a generalizable ADC cutoff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a predefined ADC cutoff allows downgrading of BI-RADS 4 lesions on CE-MRI, avoiding unnecessary biopsies.

Experimental Design:
This was a retrospective, multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data from five centers were pooled on the individual lesion level. Eligible patients had a BI-RADS 4 rating on CE-MRI. For each center, two breast radiologists evaluated the images. Data on lesion morphology (mass, non-mass), size, and ADC were collected. Histology was the standard of reference. A previously suggested ADC cutoff (≥1.5 × 10−3 mm2/second) was applied. A negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 or lower was considered as a rule-out criterion for breast cancer. Diagnostic performance indices were calculated by ROC analysis.

Results:
There were 657 female patients (mean age, 42; SD, 14.1) with 696 BI-RADS 4 lesions included. Disease prevalence was 59.5% (414/696). The area under the ROC curve was 0.784. Applying the investigated ADC cutoff, sensitivity was 96.6% (400/414). The potential reduction of unnecessary biopsies was 32.6% (92/282).

Conclusions:
An ADC cutoff of ≥1.5 × 10−3 mm2/second allows downgrading of lesions classified as BI-RADS 4 on breast CE-MRI. One-third of unnecessary biopsies could thus be avoided.
Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Menezes Júnior Luis Fernando , Santos Daniel Medina Corrêa , Menezes Ana Carolina Duarte Pinto , Peracchi Adriano Lúcio 
Published: January 2021

Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis (Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.
Método simplificado baseado na disponibilidade de luz difusa para estimar o potencial energético do aproveitamento da luz natural em edificações
Authors: França Suelem Schier de , Fonseca Raphaela Walger da , Pereira Fernando Oscar Ruttkay 
Published: January 2021

Esse trabalho verificou o potencial da utilização do Fator de Luz Diurna temporal para a estimativa do consumo de iluminação de ambientes com diferentes volumetrias, tipos de aberturas e distribuição de fotosensores[1]. Tal potencial foi verificado frente à simulação computacional anual baseada no clima, por meio de um estudo de caso para Florianópolis. Avaliaram-se seis cenários paramétricos cujas variações contemplaram a profundidade do ambiente, o tamanho da abertura e a área de atuação dos fotosensores. O método assume a premissa de que um único ponto de análise, associado à zona de controle do fotosensor e localizado na parcela da zona mais distante da abertura, é adotado para estimar o consumo de iluminação. A escolha desse ponto mostrou-se válida, dependendo da profundidade da área de abrangência do sensor e do tamanho da janela. Em geral, os resultados subestimaram o aproveitamento da luz natural. Concluiu-se que o método tem potencial para ser aplicado com erros de ~10%, definindo-se uma área mínima de abertura e limitando-se a profundidade das zonas em ~1,5 X a altura da verga. Assim, recomenda-se como trabalhos futuros a sua validação com base em um maior número de variáveis.

[1] Neste trabalho, o termo fotosensor foi utilizado para caracterizar dispositivos de controle do sistema de iluminação em função da luz natural.
Platelet Proteomes, Pathways, and Phenotypes as Informants of Vascular Wellness and Disease
Authors: Aslan Joseph E. 
Published: January 2021

Platelets rapidly undergo responsive transitions in form and function to repair vascular endothelium and mediate hemostasis. In contrast, heterogeneous platelet subpopulations with a range of primed or refractory phenotypes gradually arise in chronic inflammatory and other conditions in a manner that may indicate or support disease. Qualitatively distinguishable platelet phenotypes are increasingly associated with a variety of physiological and pathological circumstances; however, the origins and significance of platelet phenotypic variation remain unclear and conceptually vague. As changes in platelet function in disease exhibit many similarities to platelets following the activation of platelet agonist receptors, the intracellular responses of platelets common to hemostasis and inflammation may provide insights to the molecular basis of platelet phenotype. Here, we review concepts around how protein-level relations—from platelet receptors through intracellular signaling events—may help to define platelet phenotypes in inflammation, immune responses, aging, and other conditions. We further discuss how representing systems-wide platelet proteomics data profiles as circuit-like networks of causally related intracellular events, or, pathway maps, may inform molecular definitions of platelet phenotype. In addition to offering insights into platelets as druggable targets, maps of causally arranged intracellular relations underlying platelet function can also advance precision and interceptive medicine efforts by leveraging platelets as accessible, dynamic, endogenous, circulating biomarkers of vascular wellness and disease.Graphic Abstract:A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing to Disentangle the Blood System
Authors: Acosta Jean , Ssozi Daniel , van Galen Peter 
Published: January 2021

The blood system is often represented as a tree-like structure with stem cells that give rise to mature blood cell types through a series of demarcated steps. Although this representation has served as a model of hierarchical tissue organization for decades, single-cell technologies are shedding new light on the abundance of cell type intermediates and the molecular mechanisms that ensure balanced replenishment of differentiated cells. In this Brief Review, we exemplify new insights into blood cell differentiation generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, summarize considerations for the application of this technology, and highlight innovations that are leading the way to understand hematopoiesis at the resolution of single cells.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Polygenic Risk Score for Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated With Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease and Enriches for Individuals With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Wu Haoyu , Forgetta Vincenzo , Zhou Sirui , Bhatnagar Sahir R. , Paré Guillaume , Richards J. Brent 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The clinical implications of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are not well understood, both within the general population and individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Methods:
We developed the LDL-C PRS using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression in 377 286 White British participants from UK Biobank and tested its association with LDL-C according to FH variant carrier status in another 41 748 whole-exome sequenced individuals. Next, we tested for an enrichment of FH variant carriers among individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia and low LDL-C PRS. Last, we contrasted the effect of the LDL-C PRS, measured LDL-C and FH variant carrier status on risk of ischemic heart disease among 3010 cases and 38 738 controls.

Results:
Among the 41 748 whole-exome sequenced White British individuals, 1-SD increase in the LDL-C PRS was associated with elevated LDL-C among both FH variant carriers (0.34 [95% CI, 0.22–0.47] mmol/L) and noncarriers (0.42 [95% CI, 0.42–0.43] mmol/L). Among individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia, FH variant carriers were enriched in those with a low LDL-C PRS (odds ratio, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.66–2.71] per SD). Each SD increase in the LDL-C PRS was associated with risk of ischemic heart disease to the comparable magnitude as measured LDL-C (odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.20–1.29] and odds ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09–1.23], respectively). The LDL-C PRS was not strongly associated with other traditional ischemic heart disease risk factors.

Conclusions:
An LDL-C PRS could be used to identify individuals with a higher probability of harboring FH variants. The association between ischemic heart disease and the LDL-C PRS was comparable to measured LDL-C, likely because the PRS reflects lifetime exposure to LDL-C levels.
The Portrayal of Muslims and Christians in the Traditional Sephardic Tales of Northern Morocco
Authors: Anahory-Librowicz Oro 
Published: January 2021

The Portrayal of Muslims and Christians in the Traditional Sephardic Tales of Northern MoroccoThe article analyzes the representation of Muslims and Christians in the folktales of the Sephardic Jews of northern Morocco. The stories are selected from the collection of Arcadio de Larrea Palacín, Cuentos populares de los judíos del norte de Marruecos, published in 1952 and 1953. A very brief historical background of Moroccan Jews will be given in order to better understand the perception that the Jews, as a minority group, had of their Muslim and Christian neighbours. This perception is based on the historical and emotional memory of the Jews as well as their daily coexistence with the other religious groups. We also examine how the tales fulfill an essential function of folklore, which is to preserve and reinforce the collective identity and moral values of the narrating group. Obraz muzułmanów i chrześcijan w tradycyjnych opowieściach sefardyjskich północnego MarokaW artykule poddano analizie sposób przedstawienia muzułmanów i chrześcijan w opowieściach Żydów sefardyjskich z północnego Maroka. Opowieści zostały wybrane ze zbioru Cuentos populares de los judíos del norte de Marruecos, opracowanego przez Arcadia de Larrea Palacína i opublikowanego w dwóch tomach w 1952 i 1953 r. W celu lepszego zrozumienia sposobu postrzegania chrześcijan i ich muzułmańskich współobywateli konieczne było zwięzłe omówienie tła historycznego dotyczącego Żydów marokańskich. Postrzeganie to oparte było zarówno na historycznej i emocjonalnej pamięci Żydów, jak i na analizie ich faktycznego współistnienia z innymi grupami religijnymi. W tekście badano również, w jaki sposób opowieści spełniają fundamentalne dla folkloru funkcje, to jest zachowanie i wzmocnienie tożsamości zbiorowej oraz wartości moralnych wypowiadającej się grupy.
My Father’s Wars – Are Our Wars: Review of the Book: Alisse Waterstone (2014), My Father’s Wars: Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century. New York and London: Rutledge Taylor & Francis Group
Authors: Grandakovska Sofija 
Published: January 2021

My Father’s Wars – Are Our Wars: Review of the Book: Alisse Waterstone (2014), My Father’s Wars: Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century. New York and London: Rutledge Taylor & Francis GroupThe book My Father’s Wars by Alisse Waterston is a structural expression of the need for a new anthropological orientation in history. Waterston chooses to gradually weave the narrative through the methodological directions of intimate ethnography. More precisely, it is a story about the importance of the relationship between micro-history and the fluidity of historical particularisms, between the relations of matrixes of power and reflections on anthropocultural systems of the higher kind. It is here that the value of the complex focalization point in the work is accommodated; it lies in the question in what grammatical person to tell an individual story (which at the same time leaves a strong seal the identity of the descendants) embedded in Jewish cultural history as part of the larger history of war(s) and migration trajectories in the 20th century. Wojny mojego ojca – to nasze wojny. Recenzja książki: Alisse Waterstone (2014), My Father’s Wars: Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century. New York and London: Rutledge Taylor & Francis GroupKsiążka My Father’s wars [Wojny mojego ojca] autorstwa Alisse Waterston jest wyrazem potrzeby nowej orientacji antropologicznej w historii. Waterston decyduje się na stopniowe splatanie narracji, wykorzystując metodologiczne kierunki etnografii intymnej. А dokładniej, jest to opowieść o znaczeniu związku pomiędzy mikrohistorią a płynnością historycznych partykularyzmów, między centrami władzy i refleksją zawartą w systemach antropologicznych wyższego rzędu. Właśnie na tej sferze jest skoncentrowany cel tej książki; zawarty jest w pytaniu, w jakiej kategorii gramatycznej opowiedzieć indywidualną historię (jednocześnie naznaczoną przez tożsamość potomków), osadzoną w żydowskiej historii kultury jako części szerszej historii wojny (wojen) i trajektorii migracyjnych w XX wieku.
Encounters with Antisemitism
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz 
Published: January 2021

Encounters with AntisemitismThe Holocaust destroyed Jewish communities across Europe and in Poland. Subsequently, in the Soviet bloc, most Jewish survivors were expelled from or coerced into leaving their countries, while the memory of the millennium-long presence of Jews in Poland was thoroughly suppressed. Through the lens of a scholar’s personal biography, this article reflects on how snippets of the Jewish past tend to linger on in the form of absent presences, despite the national and systemic norm of erasing any remembrance of Poles of the Jewish religion. This norm used to be the dominant type of antisemitism in communist Poland after 1968, and has largely continued unabated after the fall of communism. Spotkania z antysemityzmemZagłada zniszczyła społeczności żydowskie w Europie i w Polsce. Następnie w bloku sowieckim większość Żydów, która przeżyła, wygnano lub zmuszono do wyjazdu, a pamięć o tysiącletniej obecności Żydów w Polsce została całkowicie stłumiona. Artykuł ten, z perspektywy osobistej biografii badacza, stanowi zadumę nad tym, jak fragmenty żydowskiej przeszłości mają tendencję do trwania w formie nieobecnej obecności, pomimo systemowo-narodowej normy wymazywania jakiejkolwiek pamięci o Polakach religii żydowskiej. Norma ta była dominującym rodzajem antysemityzmu w komunistycznej Polsce po roku 1968. Po upadku komunizmu raczej nic się nie zmieniło w tym względzie.
Rola religii w życiu duchowym i politycznym Tomáša Garrigue’a Masaryka
Authors: Kubok Beata 
Published: January 2021

The Role of Religion in the Spiritual and Political Life of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk This article discusses the political and religious views of the Czech philosopher and first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš G. Masaryk (1850–1937). First, the author describes the model of religiousness created by Masaryk and themes in his biography that fit into this model. Then, the article discusses the main thesis presented by T. G. Masaryk in an essay entitled The Main Principles of Humanitarian Ethics, which was a result of Masaryk’s own concept of “religion of humanitarianism”. It is based on such elements as the universal dimension of the Hussite and Czech Brethren (Protestant) reformation, on which the foundations of the Czech national identity were built; the abandonment of institutional religion (primarily Catholic) in favor of individual piety; and the rejection of the Christological dogma and replacing it with a highly individualized and historical Jesus. Rola religii w życiu duchowym i politycznym Tomáša Garrigue’a MasarykaArtykuł dotyczy projektu polityczno-religijnego czeskiego filozofa i pierwszego prezydenta Czechosłowacji – Tomáša G. Masaryka (1850–1937). W pierwszej kolejności zostały przybliżone model religijności stworzony przez Masaryka oraz wątki biograficzne, wpisujące się w ów model. Następnie zostały przeanalizowane kwestie poruszane w eseju pt. Główne zasady etyki humanitarnej a wynikające z oryginalnej Masarykowskiej koncepcji „religii humanitaryzmu”, takie jak: uniwersalny wymiar reformacji husyckiej i czeskobraterskiej (protestanckiej), stanowiącej podwaliny czeskiej tożsamości narodowej, rezygnacja z religii instytucjonalnej (przede wszystkim katolickiej) na rzecz indywidualnej pobożności oraz odrzucenie chrystologicznego dogmatu na rzecz Jezusa mocno zindywidualizowanego i historycznego.
Role intelektuálů v procesu „ateizace“ české společnosti v druhé polovině 20.století a její transformace
Authors: Václavík David 
Published: January 2021

The (Transforming) Role of Intellectuals in the Process of the “Atheization” of Czech Society in the 2nd Half of 20th CenturyThe article deals with resonance, development, and changes in various forms of atheism in the works of Czech, especially Marxist, intellectuals in the second half of the 20th century. Attention is also paid to their influence on public opinion, especially in connection with a rise in negative attitude of a large part of the Czech public towards religion. The study is based primarily on historical and discursive analyses of the works of principal authors from the 1950s to 1989. Among the authors discussed are important figures such as Ivan Sviták, Milan Machovec, and Vítězslav Gardavský. Rola intelektualistów w procesie „ateizacji” społeczeństwa czeskiego w drugiej połowie XX wieku i jej transformacjaArtykuł dotyczy oddziaływania, rozwoju i zmian różnych form ateizmu w twórczości czeskich, zwłaszcza marksistowskich, intelektualistów w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Omawia również ich wpływ na opinię publiczną, przede wszystkim w obliczu narastania negatywnego stosunku do religii u dużej części czeskiego społeczeństwa. Opracowanie opiera się szczególnie na historycznych i dyskursywnych analizach dzieł głównych autorów od lat 50. XX wieku do roku 1989, a zwłaszcza tak ważnych postaci, jak Ivan Sviták, Milan Machovec czy Vítězslav Gardavský.