bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alanine Aminotransferase is a Predictor of NAFLD Activity Score for Diagnosing Non-alcoholic Steatoehpatitis
Authors: Das Dulal Chandra , Alam Sheikh Mohammad Noor E , Das Ripon , Mohsena Masuda , Mahtab Mamun Al 
Published: January 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive triglyceride- accumulation in hepatocytes. NAFLD has a multifactorial etiology and a combination of environmental, genetic and metabolic factors play a role in the development of advanced disease. NAFLD consists of a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the high prevalence and severity of hepatic illness, NAFLD remains under diagnosed, because of few symptoms, lack of accurate laboratory markers. The accurate diagnosis of NASH remains dependent on specific histological parameters in liver biopsy. Although liver biopsy remains the ‘gold standard’, there are practical limitations, including costs and risks. There is an increasing requirement for simple, less invasive, highly accurate and affordable screening tools. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been proposed as a noninvasive and available marker for assessment of NASH. A hospital based observational study was carried out for a period of two years in the Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Statistical inference were done by estimating distribution, Chi-square test and student’s t-test respectively. Fifty (50) patients were analysed.Twenty five were NASH and twenty five were simple steatosis. ALT in NASH group were 97.0±51.5IU/L and insimple steatosis group were 55.5±28.6 IU/L. In NASH group 64% of raised ALT had NASH . In Non-NASH group 16% of raised ALT had no NASH.There was significant difference in the NAFLD activity score for diagnosing NASH between elevated and normal ALT( P value 0.001).
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 1-6
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Associated Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Presenting with Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Renal Angiomyolipomas
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mirazur , Sarkar Shish Mohammad , Musa Manzurul Ibrahim , Habib Farjana Binte , Hasan Md Nazmul , Hossain AKM Mosharraf 
Published: January 2021

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder manifested by involvement of multisystem including skin, central nervous system, heart, kidneys and eyes. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is also a multisystem disorder that primarily affects the lungs. We report a case of tuberous sclerosis complex associated lymphangio-leiomyomatosis (TSC-LAM) in a 26-year-old female patient who was presented with spontaneous pneumothorax and renal angiomyolipomas. In clinical examination; We found multiple angiofibromas over her face, shagreen patches over upper and lower back and ungual fibromas in both fingers and toes. HRCT of chest revealed right sided pneumothorax with multiple thin walled cysts in both lungs. Ultrasonogram (USG) and Computer Tomography (CT) scan of abdomen revealed bilateral angiomyolipomas. We managed her pneumothorax with intercostal chest tube drainage and oxygen inhalation.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 51-54
Age, Gender and Common Site of Haematoma Formation among Acute Subdural Hematoma Patients: Experience of 48 Cases in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Kalim , Salam Md Abdus , Haque Ashraful , Khan Amir Md , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Hussain Ahmed Riyad , Islam Rafiqul 
Published: January 2021

Background: Acute subdural hematoma can occurs in different age group of patients in both male and female.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe the age and gender distribution among acute subdural hematoma patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Neurosurgery Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2011 to August 2012 for a period of one year and eight months. Patients with acute subdural hematoma who fulfil the inclusion criteria for surgery and got admitted were selected as study population. Acute Subdural hematoma patient of any age, both sex with GCS 5 to 13, thickness of hematoma more than l0 mm, midline shift more than 5 mm, pupil reacting to light and patient presented within 72 hours of injury were included for this study. At admission, a detailed history of the illness was taken from the patient or attendant, thorough general and neurological examinations were carried out and were recorded.
Result: A total number of 48 patients were recruited for this current study. The mean age of the patients was 32.39±11.63 years and their age ranged from 10 to 56 years. The male and female ratio was 5:1. Out of 48 patients 17(31.25%) cases were fronto-temporal. Temporo-parietal were 16(33.3%) patients. Fronto-temporo-parietal were 7(14.5%) cases. Parietal were 5(10.41%) cases. Frontal were 3 (6.25%) case.
Conclusion: In conclusion majority of the patients are male young adults presented with fronto-temporal and temporo-parietal region of shull.
Journal of Science Foundation 2019;17(2):54-57
Autonomic and Motor Involvement among the Patients Presented with Prolapse Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Ali Md Rustom , Chowdhury Ayesha Afroz , Ahmed Md. Farhad , Khalil Md Ibrahim 
Published: January 2021

Background: Involvement of autonomic and motor nervous system are very crucial for the patients suffering from prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the involvement of autonomic and motor nervous system of the patients suffering from prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Neurosurgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2006 to October 2007 for a period of one and half year. Prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID) patients who were admitted in the Department Neurosurgery at BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh after clinical and radiological evaluation were selected as study population. The involvement of autonomic and motor nervous system were examined among the patients suffering from prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc.
Result: A total of 59 hospital-admitted cases of PLID were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 40.8±11.9 years and the lowest and highest ages were 21 and 65 years respectively. Majority of the patients had intact bladder function which was 57(94.9%) cases and the remaining 2(3.4%) cases had incontinence of urine. More than half (54.2%) of the subjects exhibited weak extensor hallucis longus test, while 30.5% had weak flexor digitalis longus test.
Conclusion: In conclusion motor dysfunction is very high, but low rate of autonomic abnormalities are found among the patients suffering from prolapse lumbar intervertebral disc.
Journal of Science Foundation, January 2020;18(1):3-6
Extraction and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) From Bacillus flexus MHO57386.1 Isolated From Marine Sponge Oceanopia arenosa (Rao, 1941)
Authors: D Aryaraj , V S Pramitha 
Published: January 2021

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most widely studied biodegradable plastic that does not release any toxins or residues in the environment like petroleum based plastics. This work has been undertaken to screen PHB accumulating microorganisms from marine sponges and a total of sixteen isolates were collected and purified. Screening of isolated strains was done by Nile blue staining and observed under Leica LSCM to confirm the production of PHB. Yellow pigmented AB8a isolate from Oceanopia arenosa scored positive for PHB accumulation and subjected to morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic characterization. The biopolymer was extracted by dispersion of sodium hypochlorite and chloroform solution and characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR for the confirmation as PHB. The highest PHB production (70.25%/100 ml) was achieved at pH 7.0 by applying dextrose as medium at incubation temperature 30°C and 150 rpm agitation speed. The FTIR spectrum of the PHB sample showed major peaks at 3457, 1692, 1550, 1454, 1420, 1190 and 1050 cm-1, whereas the remaining peaks are closely laid between 3450 cm-1 and 600 cm-1. 1H NMR spectrum of PHA isolated from dextrose media indicated characteristic signals of PHB. The spectrum also revealed the presence of three groups of signals characteristic of PHB by the doublet at 1.3 ppm attributed to the methyl group coupled to one proton; and the spectrum of the quadruplet at 2.57 ppm, the methylene group adjacent to an asymmetric carbon atom bearing a single proton and the multiplet at 5.28 ppm indicated signals of PHB. The PHB accumulated bacterium identified as Bacillus flexus strain based on characterization studies and 16S rRNA sequence analysis and confirmed the presence of intracellular accumulated polymer substantiated as PHB.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pola Permukiman Sebagian Wilayah Kecamatan Kambu Kota Kendari
Authors: Mucolifah Maryatun , Ido Irfan , Harimudin Jamal 
Published: January 2021

Jumlah penduduk Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun selalu bertambah. Kondisi ini akan membawa konsekuensi semakin bertambahnya kebutuhan ruang hidup yang berupa lahan permukiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui dan memahami pola permukiman penduduk sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Kambu Kota Kendari, dan (2) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola permukiman penduduk sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Kambu Kota Kendari. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah: (1) Nearest Neighbour Analysis dan (2) analisis scoring/pembobotan. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Kambu terdapat empat kelurahan, yaitu Kelurahan Kambu, memiliki pola mengelompok dan acak di beberapa RT, Kelurahan Lalolara, Padaleu, dan Mokoau memiliki pola mengelompok. Dan memiliki tiga kelas permukiman, yaitu kelas permukiman teratur, semi teratur, dan tidak teratur dari beberapa RT/RW nya; (2) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada pola permukiman, yaitu faktor aksessibilitas, pendapatan atau ekonomi, aspek sosial, dan aspek budaya. Kata kunci: Permukiman, Pola Permukiman, Faktor-Faktor Pola Permukiman, Nearest Neighbour Analysi
Microbial Communities in Vermiculation Deposits from an Alpine Cave
Authors: Jurado Valme , Gonzalez-Pimentel Jose Luis , Miller Ana Zelia , Hermosin Bernardo , D’Angeli Ilenia M. , Tognini Paola , De Waele Jo , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo 
Published: January 2021

Morgana Cave is located inVal di Scerscen, Central Italian Alps. The cave opens at an altitude of 2,600 m a.s.l. close to the retreating glacierVedretto di Scerscen, and its entrance was discovered 30 years ago hidden underneath the glacier. A characteristic of this cave is the occurrence of vermiculation deposits on the walls and ceiling. In general, the composition of the microbial communities in cave vermiculations is relatively unknown and rarely investigated. Here we present the data of a geomicrobiological study of vermiculations from an Alpine cave subjected to extreme climate conditions. The microbial communities were dominated by 13 main phyla ofBacteria, and contained a negligible percentage (&lt;1%) ofArchaea. The two major bacterial classes wereGammaproteobacteriaandBetaproteobacteria, whose metabolic traits were mainly associated with the nitrogen cycle. In addition, psychrophilic and methanotrophic bacterial groups were identified. The occurrence of a large number of uncultured members, at the lowest taxonomic ranks, indicated the presence of still unexplored microbial taxa in the vermiculations.
Anti-FIM and Anti-FHA Antibodies Inhibit Bordetella pertussis Growth and Reduce Epithelial Cell Inflammation Through Bacterial Aggregation
Authors: Yougbare Issaka , McTague Adam , He Liwei , Choy Christopher H. , Su Jin , Gajewska Beata , Azizi Ali 
Published: January 2021

The pertussis vaccination is highly recommended for infants, children, and pregnant women. Despite a high coverage of vaccination, pertussis continues to be of public health concern as a re-emerging infectious disease. The mechanism by which vaccine-elicited anti-pertussis antibodies mediate direct bactericidal effects is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that the interaction ofB. pertussiswith A549 epithelial cells induce release of biological factors which enhance bacteria growth. Complement-depleted antisera from vaccine-immunized guinea pigs or monoclonal antibodies targeting FHA and FIM mediate bacteria aggregation and elicit bactericidal effects. Ourin vitroresults indicated that aggregation of bacteria through anti-FIM and anti-FHA specific antibodies is one of the major biological mechanisms to clear bacterial infections and restore epithelial cell survivalin vitro. Our data also indicates that the anti-pertussis antibodies reduce secretion of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines by preventing interaction ofB. pertussiswith host cells. The results of this study not only demonstrate mechanism of action of anti-FIM and anti-FHA antibodies, but also opens translational applications for potential therapeutic approaches or development of analytical assays such asin vitropotency assays.
Dabigatran Level Before Reversal Can Predict Hemostatic Effectiveness of Idarucizumab in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Gendron Nicolas , Chocron Richard , Billoir Paul , Brunier Julien , Camoin-Jau Laurence , Tuffigo Marie , Faille Dorothée , Teissandier Dorian , Gay Juliette , de Raucourt Emmanuelle , Suner Ludovic , Bonnet Corentin , Martin Anne-Céline , Lasne Dominique , Ladhari Chayma , Lebreton Aurélien , Bertoletti Laurent , Ajzenberg Nadine , Gaussem Pascale , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Le Cam Duchez Véronique , Viallon Alain , Roy Pierre-Marie , Lillo-le Louët Agnès , Smadja David M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Idarucizumab has been included in guidelines for the management of bleeding or surgical procedure in dabigatran-treated patients without need for biological monitoring. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of dabigatran plasma level before reversal to test the hemostatic efficacy of idarucizumab. The secondary objectives were (i) to analyze plasma dabigatran level according to the risk of rebound and (ii) to evaluate the incidence of post-reversal non-favorable clinical outcomes (including thromboembolism, bleeding, antithrombotic, and death) and antithrombotic resumption.Methods and Results: This was an observational multicentric cohort study, which included all French patients who required idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal. Between May 2016 and April 2019, 87 patients from 21 French centers were enrolled. Patients received idarucizumab for overt bleeding (n = 61), urgent procedures (n = 24), or overdose without bleeding (n = 2). Among patients with major bleeding (n = 57), treatment with idarucizumab was considered effective in 44 (77.2%) of them. Patients who did not achieve effective hemostasis after reversal had a significantly higher mean level of plasma dabigatran at baseline (524.5 ± 386 vs. 252.8 ng/mL ± 235, p = 0.033). Furthermore, patients who did not achieve effective hemostasis after reversal had less favorable outcomes during follow-up (46.2 vs. 81.8%, p = 0.027). ROC curve identified a cutoff of 264 ng/mL for dabigatran level at admission to be predictive of ineffective hemostasis. No plasma dabigatran rebound was observed after reversal in patients with dabigatran plasma level &lt; 264 ng/mL at baseline.Conclusion: This retrospective study shows that dabigatran level before reversal could predict hemostatic effectiveness and dabigatran plasma rebound after idarucizumab injection.
Abnormal Cingulum Bundle Induced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study
Authors: Cui Ying , Tang Tian-Yu , Lu Chun-Qiang , Cai Yu , Lu Tong , Wang Yuan-Cheng , Teng Gao-Jun , Ju Shenghong 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: In Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), white matter (WM) pathology has been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of T2DM-related cognitive impairment. This study aims to investigate the integrity of the cingulum bundle (CB), a major WM tract, in T2DM patients using diffusion tensor tractography.Methods: Thirty-seven T2DM patients and 34 age-, sex- and education matched healthy controls were included and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Tractography of bilateral CB tracts was performed and diffusion measurements were compared between the two groups. Next, brain regions with significant group differences on fractional anisotropy (FA) values were set as the region of interest (ROI), and the CB fibers that passed through were identified. Diffusion measures were extracted from these fibers to investigate their correlations with the cognitive performances and endocrine parameters.Results: T2DM patients exhibited decreased FA in bilateral CB, increased mean diffusion (MD) in the right CB, and decreased length in the left CB. Through voxel-wise comparison, the most prominent FA difference was identified in the posterior segment of the CB and the reconstructed tract was part of the retrosplenial component. Importantly, the diffusion measurements of the tract were significantly correlated with the impaired performance in executive functioning and elevated insulin resistance (IR) in the T2DM group, instead of the control group.Conclusions: The diffusion measurements in bilateral CB were altered in T2DM patients, which might reflect important neuropathologic changes in the fibers. Our study adds to knowledge about how the cingulum changes structurally along its entire length in T2DM and highlights the relationship between WM and cognitive performance. Besides, IR might be an important risk factor that warrants further exploration.
Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroapoptosis in Rat Dentate Gyrus Is Activated by Autophagy Through NF-κB Signaling on the Late-Stage Progenitor Granule Cells
Authors: Tong Dongyi , Ma Zhongliang , Su Peng , Wang Shuai , Xu Ying , Zhang Li Min , Wu Ziyi , Liu Kun , Zhao Ping 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe mechanisms by which exposure of the late-stage progenitor cells to the anesthesia sevoflurane alters their differentiation are not known. We seek to query whether the effects of sevoflurane on late-stage progenitor cells might be regulated by apoptosis and/or autophagy.MethodsTo address the short-term impact of sevoflurane exposure on granule cell differentiation, we used 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to identify the labeled late-stage progenitor granule cells. Male or female rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 4 h when the labeled granule cells were 2 weeks old. Differentiation of the BrdU-labeled granule cells was quantified 4 and 7 days after exposure by double immunofluorescence. The expression of apoptosis and autophagy in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence. Western blot for the expression of NF-κB was used to evaluate the mechanism. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to detect cognitive function in the rats on postnatal 28–33 days.ResultsExposure to sevoflurane decreased the differentiation of the BrdU-labeled late-stage progenitor granule cells, but increased the expression of caspase-3, autophagy, and phosphorylated-P65 in the hippocampus of juvenile rats and resulted in cognitive deficiency. These damaging effects of sevoflurane could be mitigated by inhibitors of autophagy, apoptosis, and NF-κB. The increased apoptosis could be alleviated by pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, and the increased autophagy and apoptosis could be reduced by pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7085.ConclusionThese findings suggest that a single, prolonged sevoflurane exposure could impair the differentiation of late-stage progenitor granule cells in hippocampal DG and cause cognitive deficits possibly via apoptosis activated by autophagy through NF-κB signaling. Our results do not preclude the possibility that the affected differentiation and functional deficits may be caused by depletion of the progenitors pool.
Preliminary Study of Subclinical Brain Alterations in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Vulnerable Plaques Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging by Voxelwise Comparison: A Study of Whole-Brain Imaging Measures
Authors: Guo Jiuqing , OuYang Lirong , Wang Xiaoyi , Liao Weihua , Huang Qing , He Wei , Zhou Gaofeng , Yang Shuai 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo preliminarily explore subclinical brain alterations in an asymptomatic carotid vulnerable plaque group based on intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging through voxelwise comparison in the whole brain.Materials and MethodsForty-nine elderly participants underwent multi-b-value DWI, of whom 24 participants with asymptomatic carotid vulnerable plaques and &lt;50% stenosis served as the test group, while the rest served as the healthy control group. After fitting the double-exponential model, slow ADC (Ds) and the fraction of fast ADC (f) values of the whole brain were obtained, which then were compared in a voxelwise manner by two-sample t-test. Multiple comparisons were corrected by the family-wise error (FWE) method with a corrected threshold of P &lt; 0.05. Pearson correlations between IVIM parameters in altered brain regions and blood pressure, glucose, lipid, and homocysteine were calculated.ResultsFor the test group, the Z-normalized Ds values were significantly higher in the left median cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (DCG.L), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG. L), and left precuneus gyrus (PCUN.L) (cluster size = 156) and in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.L), orbital middle frontal gyrus (ORBmid.L), and superior frontal gyrus (SFG.L) (cluster size = 165); the Z-normalized Ds values were significantly lower in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG.R) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.R) (cluster size = 116); and the Z-normalized f-values were significantly lower in the MTG.R and ITG.R (cluster size = 85) (p &lt; 0.05, FWE correction). LDL-C was negatively correlated with the Z-normalized Ds values in the DCG.L, PCG.L, and PCUN.L (r = 0.601, p = 0.002). LDL-C was positively correlated with the Z-normalized f-value in the MTG.R and ITG.R (r = 0.405, p = 0.05). Systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with the Z-normalized Ds values in the MFG.L, ORBmid.L, and SFG.L (r = 0.433, p = 0.035).ConclusionThis study was the first to detect subclinical brain alterations in asymptomatic carotid vulnerable plaque group through IVIM using whole-brain voxelwise comparisons, which were partially correlated with blood pressure and lipids. Thus, IVIM might be utilized as a noninvasive biomarker of microvascular and microstructural brain changes in the asymptomatic carotid vulnerable plaque group.