bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a musical fitness programme for older adults with cognitive impairment in long‐term care facilities: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Lin Pi‐Chu , Lay Yu‐Ling , Chiu Huei‐Ling , Chen I‐Hui , Peters Kath 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a musical fitness programme (MFP) intervention in improving neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression, upper‐limb muscle strength and cognition of older adults with cognitive impairment in long‐term care (LTC) facilities.BackgroundBecause of population ageing, the number of older adults with cognitive impairment has been increasing. The effectiveness of medications in treating cognitive impairment is limited; therefore, the global trend has been for non‐pharmacological treatments. However, intervention studies of MFPs on older LTC residents with cognitive impairment are scant.DesignThis study adopted a quasi‐experimental design in accordance with the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) checklist. In total, 84 older adults with cognitive impairment were recruited from seven LTC facilities. The MFP was implemented from July–November 2019.MethodsThe intervention group received the MFP, which was 50 min per session, twice a week for 12 weeks, whereas the comparison group received usual care. Neuropsychiatric inventory nursing home version, the Cornell scale for depression in dementia Chinese version, 30‐s arm curl test and Mini‐Mental State Examination were the outcome measures. Data were analysed using Chi‐square test, t test and repeated measure analysis of variance.ResultsAfter the intervention, the scores of neuropsychiatric inventory and the Cornell depression exhibited significant differences over time between two groups (F = 3.6, p = .029; F = 5.96, p = .003, respectively). Nevertheless, 30‐s arm curl test and Mini‐Mental State Examination demonstrated non‐significant between‐group differences.ConclusionThe MFP can effectively reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression in older adults with cognitive impairment in LTC facilities. To ensure a more robust evidence base, more research is warranted.Relevance to clinical practiceThe MFP is a non‐pharmacological treatment that can be implemented to promote psychological well‐being among older adults with cognitive impairment in LTC facilities, and to indirectly reduce nursing staff burden. To assist nursing staff in providing this intervention, on‐the‐job training is needed.
Uterocutaneous fistula after abdominal myomectomy: A case report
Authors: Wang Yongxue , Wang Shu , Shi Honghui , Lang Jinghe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUterocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare postoperative complication and the most appropriate treatment remains unclear. In this case report, we described uterocutaneous fistula of a 41‐year‐old woman with persistent purulent discharge from a small opening in her midline incision after abdominal myomectomy. The patient was diagnosed as uterocutaneous fistula based on magnetic resonance imaging and the methylene blue dye test. Fertility‐sparing surgery was performed and uterocutaneous fistula was successfully corrected. Some nonabsorbable silk sutures were found attached to the sinus tract. This could lead to infection, which could cause the formation of a uterocutaneous fistula. Since after 1‐year of operation, no evidence of recurrence was found. Fertility‐sparing surgery is effective for a patient with uterocutaneous fistula. Complete resection of the sinus tract and surrounding necrotic tissue is required in the repair of urterocutaneous fistula.
Polygenic and major‐locus contributions to sexual maturation timing in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Debes Paul V. , Piavchenko Nikolai , Ruokolainen Annukka , Ovaskainen Outi , Moustakas‐Verho Jacqueline E. , Parre Noora , Aykanat Tutku , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSexual maturation timing is a life‐history trait central to the balance between mortality and reproduction. Maturation may be triggered when an underlying compound trait, called liability, exceeds a threshold. In many different species and especially fishes, this liability is approximated by growth and body condition. However, environmental vs. genetic contributions either directly or via growth and body condition to maturation timing remain unclear. Uncertainty exists also because the maturation process can reverse this causality and itself affect growth and body condition. In addition, disentangling the contributions of polygenic and major loci can be important. In many fishes, males mature before females, enabling the study of associations between male maturation and maturation‐unbiased female liability traits. Using 40 Atlantic salmon families, longitudinal common‐garden experimentation, and quantitative genetic analyses, we disentangled environmental from polygenic and major locus (vgll3) effects on male maturation, and sex‐specific growth and condition. We detected polygenic heritabilities for maturation, growth, and body condition, and vgll3 effects on maturation and body condition but not on growth. Longitudinal patterns for sex‐specific phenotypic liability, and for genetic variances and correlations between sexes suggested that early growth and condition indeed positively affected maturation initiation. However, towards spawning time, causality appeared reversed for males whereby maturation affected growth negatively and condition positively via both the environmental and genetic effects. Altogether, the results indicate that growth and condition are useful traits to study liability for maturation initiation, but only until maturation alters their expression, and that vgll3 contributes to maturation initiation via condition.
Nutrient cycling drives plant community trait assembly and ecosystem functioning in a tropical mountain biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Dantas de Paula Mateus , Forrest Matthew , Langan Liam , Bendix Jörg , Homeier Jürgen , Velescu Andre , Wilcke Wolfgang , Hickler Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Community trait assembly in highly diverse tropical rainforests is still poorly understood. Based on more than a decade of field measurements in a biodiversity hotspot of southern Ecuador, we implemented plant trait variation and improved soil organic matter dynamics in a widely used dynamic vegetation model (the Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena General Ecosystem Simulator, LPJ‐GUESS) to explore the main drivers of community assembly along an elevational gradient.

In the model used here (LPJ‐GUESS‐NTD, where NTD stands for nutrient‐trait dynamics), each plant individual can possess different trait combinations, and the community trait composition emerges via ecological sorting. Further model developments include plant growth limitation by phosphorous (P) and mycorrhizal nutrient uptake.

The new model version reproduced the main observed community trait shift and related vegetation processes along the elevational gradient, but only if nutrient limitations to plant growth were activated. In turn, when traits were fixed, low productivity communities emerged due to reduced nutrient‐use efficiency. Mycorrhizal nutrient uptake, when deactivated, reduced net primary production (NPP) by 61–72% along the gradient.

Our results strongly suggest that the elevational temperature gradient drives community assembly and ecosystem functioning indirectly through its effect on soil nutrient dynamics and vegetation traits. This illustrates the importance of considering these processes to yield realistic model predictions.
Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with isolated oligodontia and a Wnt gene mutation
Authors: Ross Jamila N. , Ruigrok Lisanne C. , Fennis Willem M.M. , Cune Marco S. , Rosenberg Antoine J.W.P. , van Nunen Annick B. , Créton Marijn A. , Ploos van Amstel Hans‐Kristian , van den Boogaard Marie‐José J.H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSince Wnt signaling plays an important role in both tooth agenesis and altered intestine homeostasis, the aim was to compare gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with isolated oligodontia caused by a Wnt pathway gene mutation and controls.MethodsA case–control study was designed to compare self‐reported gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with isolated oligodontia, caused by a Wnt signaling gene mutation, and fully dentate controls. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms among patients and age‐ and gender‐matched controls were evaluated.ResultsTwenty patients with isolated oligodontia and a pathogenic variant in the wnt pathway genes WNT10A, LRP6, or PAX9 participated. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was higher in the oligodontia patients compared to their controls (Χ2(1) = 87.33, p = .008). Mean GSRS total scores (p = .011) and domain scores for “abdominal pain” (p = .022), “reflux” (p = .003) and constipation (p = .030) were higher for these oligodontia patients compared to their controls.ConclusionGastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and more severe in patients with isolated oligodontia and a deficiency in a Wnt pathway‐related gene, when compared to controls without tooth agenesis.
Eruptive agminated nevi in a successfully treated Langerhans cell histiocytosis patient
Authors: Echavarria Maria , Schoch Jennifer , Tate Jesalyn , Motaparthi Kiran , De Benedetto Anna , Reith John , Howell Diane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old girl with a history of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), in remission, presented with the sudden appearance of multiple, agminated nevi. Skin biopsy revealed a benign junctional nevus, without recurrence of LCH. Subsequent immunohistochemical testing of both the skin and iliac wing biopsies demonstrated a BRAF V600E mutation. MAPK pathway mutations have been implicated in both LCH and nevogenesis.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A single‐center experience
Authors: Türe Mehmet , Kan Ahmet , Akın Alper , Yılmaz Kamil , Şen Velat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis case series aims to evaluate the presenting symptoms, laboratory data, systemic findings, and response to early treatment in patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsThe presentation, laboratory findings, and responses to treatment of patients hospitalized and diagnosed with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsA total of 32 patients were included in the study. The median age was 90 (1.5–204) months and 62.5% of the patients were male; 59.4% of the cases were non‐specific disease, 31.2% typical (complete) Kawasaki, and 9.4% had phenotypic characteristics of atypical (incomplete) Kawasaki. Most of the patients were found to have low albumin and elevated C‐reactive protein, sedimentation rate, and d‐dimer, and all patients had elevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, and procalcitonin. Lymphopenia was detected in 25 patients (78.1%) and serum ferritin levels were elevated in 25 patients (78.1%). Eleven (34.4%) patients responded well only to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Twenty patients (62.5%) received intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid therapy (second‐line therapy). Only one patient (3.1%) received third‐line therapy (intravenous immunoglobulin + steroid +anakinra + plasmapheresis). None of the patients died.ConclusionsMost patients had mild clinical symptoms and responded well to intravenous immunoglobulin and / or steroid therapies as first‐ and second‐line therapies. Only one of our patients was clinically stabilized after third‐line treatment because he did not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid therapy. We think that all of our patients diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children recovered because we had recommended quickly medical intervention. Treatment should therefore be started immediately in patients diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. If there is no response after 24 h to the initial treatment, the next treatment protocol should be started.
Regulatory short RNAs: A decade's tale for manipulating salt tolerance in plants
Authors: Negi Pooja , Mishra Shefali , Ganapathi Thumballi Ramabhatta , Srivastava Ashish Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalt stress is a globally increasing environmental detriment to crop growth and productivity. Exposure to salt stress evokes a complex medley of cellular signals, which rapidly reprogram transcriptional and metabolic networks to shape plant phenotype. To date, genetic engineering approaches were used with success to enhance salt tolerance; however, their performance is yet to be evaluated under realistic field conditions. Regulatory short non‐coding RNAs (rsRNAs) are emerging as next‐generation candidates for engineering salt tolerance in crops. In view of this, the present review provides a comprehensive analysis of a decade's worth of functional studies on non‐coding RNAs involved in salt tolerance. Further, we have integrated this knowledge of rsRNA‐mediated regulation with the current paradigm of salt tolerance to highlight two regulatory complexes (RCs) for regulating salt tolerance in plants. Finally, a knowledge‐driven roadmap is proposed to judiciously utilize RC component(s) for enhancing salt tolerance in crops.
Functional role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the modulation of cognitive bias
Authors: Xia Xue , Li Yansong , Wang Yanqiu , Xia Jing , Lin Yitong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Liu Yu , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman cognition is often biased. It is a fundamental question in psychology how cognitive bias is modulated in the human brain. Automatic action tendency is a typical cognitive bias. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a crucial area for processing various behavioral tasks. We investigated the functional role of DLPFC in the modulation of cognitive bias by testing the automatic action tendency during automatic and regulated behavioral tasks. Unilateral intermittent or continuous theta burst stimulation (excitatory iTBS or inhibitory cTBS) was used to manipulate the left or right DLPFC excitability and assess the changes in automatic action tendency during a manikin task. An approaching behavior with positive stimulus and avoiding behavior with negative stimulus were performed in an automatic task. An approaching behavior with negative stimulus and avoiding behavior with positive stimulus were performed in a regulated task. Reaction time was measured. We confirmed the automatic action tendency that reaction time for performing an automatic task was shorter than that for performing a regulated task. The automatic action tendency was enhanced after left DLPFC excitatory iTBS and was abolished after left DLPFC inhibitory cTBS stimulation. On the other hand, right DLPFC excitatory iTBS accelerated the avoiding behaviors and right DLPFC inhibitory cTBS accelerated approaching behaviors. The results suggest that left DLPFC modulates the automatic action tendency while the right DLPFC modulates the direction of behavioral tasks. We conclude that left DLPFC and right DLPFC are key nodes in modulating the cognitive bias while their functional roles are different.
Polygonal simplification and its use in DEM generalization for land surface segmentation
Authors: Feciskanin Richard , Minár Jozef 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce a simplification method based on irregular triangular networks to create a generalized digital elevation model (DEM) for land surface segmentation. The quadric error metrics simplification (QEMS) algorithm was used to generalize the DEM as a method that follows the theory of optimal triangle for (land) surface representation. Its use for land surface modeling is novel, however, it is well known in computer graphics. Comparison of QEMS with the maximum z‐tolerance method shows priority in terms of root mean square error. Numerical expression of the value concentration of the third‐order variables (curvature changes) around zero (K0) was used as an indicator of elementary form representation in generalized DEMs. K0 was calculated for a set of DEMs at several generalization levels in two different territories, as well as for comparably generalized artificial surfaces. K0 values of real DEMs vary significantly with generalization levels and character of the landforms, and their maxima point to the generalization levels that best preserve the information about elementary forms of various hierarchical levels. Differences between K0 of real DEMs and artificial surfaces confirm the same.
Production and consumption of gentrification aesthetics in Shanghai’s M50
Authors: Ning Yajing , Chang T.C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe transformation of artist communities into cultural consumption sites is a notable trend in many post‐reform Chinese cities. Once enclaves for creative freelancers, artist communities have seen an influx of tourists, cultural commodification, and socio‐spatial changes. While much has been written about the role of state and art practitioners in effecting gentrification, less attention has been given to the transformation of gentrified sites into consumable spaces and how they are received. Drawing on the case of 50 Moganshan Road (M50), a former industrial zone and artist colony in Shanghai that has become a cultural district, this paper sheds light on the relationships between urban regeneration, artistic production, and aesthetic consumption. The study applies the idea of gentrification aesthetics, a concept that bridges middle‐class consumption with inner‐city regeneration. By extending the concept to an art space shaped by production and consumption forces, a more holistic understanding of urban redevelopment is afforded, along with its attendant social, cultural, and personal dimensions and challenges.
Using Wavelet Analysis to Distinguish Cavitation Acoustic Emissions From Blunt Impact Noise
Authors: Eckersley Christopher , Op 't Eynde Joost , Abrams Mitchell , Bass Cameron R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cavitation has been shown to have implications for head injury, but currently there is no solution for detecting the formation of cavitation through the skull during blunt impact. The goal of this communication is to confirm the wideband acoustic wavelet signature of cavitation collapse, and determine that this signature can be differentiated from the noise of a blunt impact. A controlled, laser induced cavitation study was conducted in an isolated water tank to confirm the wide band acoustic signature of cavitation collapse in the absence of a blunt impact. A clear acrylic surrogate head was impacted to induce blunt impact cavitation. The bubble formation was imaged using a high speed camera, and the collapse was synched up with the wavelet transform of the acoustic emission. Wideband acoustic response is seen in wavelet transform of positive laser induced cavitation tests, but absent in laser induced negative controls. Clear acrylic surrogate tests showed the wideband acoustic wavelet signature of collapse can be differentiated from acoustic noise generated by a blunt impact. Broadband acoustic signal can be used as a biomarker to detect the incidence of cavitation through the skull as it consists of frequencies that are low enough to potentially pass through the skull but high enough to differentiate from blunt impact noise. This lays the foundation for a vital tool to conduct CSF cavitation research in-vivo.
Numerical Thermal Analysis of a Hot Noncircular Rotating Cylinder in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Khozeymeh-Nezhad Hojjat , Basati Yaser , Niazmand Hamid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper for the first time, a Lattice Boltzmann Simulation is performed to analyze the simultaneous effects of a hot rotating elliptic cylinder and the magnetic field on the mixed convection flow in a square enclosure. Complicated flow patterns and isotherm plots are found and analyzed in the concentric annulus between the internal elliptic cylinder and the outer square enclosure. Results indicate that increasing the Reynolds number, instantaneous averaged Nusselt number of the enclosure and its oscillation amplitude increase, while decrease with increasing the Hartmann number especially at its lower values. Furthermore, response surface method is adopted to find the optimal location of the elliptic cylinder. Response surface optimization results reveal that the average Nusselt number shows a decreasing–increasing trend with increasing both nondimensional parameters of cylinder center (Xc, Yc). Finally, the optimal location of the elliptic cylinder for the maximum heat transfer rate is obtained as Xc = 0.65 and Yc = 0.35. Moreover, a comparative study is performed to evaluate the heat transfer effects of the elliptical cylinder rotation as compared to circular cylinder. It was found that the elliptical cylinder rotation has a significant effect on the heat transfer enhancement, especially at high values of Re and Ha. As an example, the heat transfer rate for the elliptical cylinder at Re = 200 is increased by 13% and 34% as compared to the circular cylinder at Ha = 50 and 100, respectively.
Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Trapezoidal Baffles Inside Fuel and Air Channels on the Performance of a Planar-Type Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Ramírez-Minguela J. J. , Alfaro-Ayala J. A. , Rangel-Hernández V. H. , Belman-Flores J. M. , Rodríguez-Muñoz J. L. , Pérez-Segura T. , Alvarado-Rodríguez C. E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of trapezoidal baffles inside a planar-type solid oxide fuel cell. To achieve the objective, four cases are proposed: (1) simple planar geometry as a base case, (2) trapezoidal baffles inside the fuel channel, (3) trapezoidal baffles inside the air channel, and (4) trapezoidal baffles in both fuel and air channels. The height of the trapezoidal baffles inside the channels of the solid oxide fuel cell increases along the direction of the fluid flow. The numerical investigation is based on a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that takes into account the phenomenon of mass transfer, heat transfer, species transport, and electrochemical reactions. A detailed comparison of the performance between the four cases of the fuel cell is provided in terms of power density, fluid flow, species concentration, temperature distributions, and electric fields at a variable current density and a fixed power density of 3000 W/m2. The results show that the power density, the velocity, the availability of the hydrogen and oxygen species on the electrodes-electrolyte interfaces increases for case 2, case 3, and case 4, respectively, in comparison to case 1. Finally, the average temperature of the electrode–electrolyte interface is reduced with the baffles, and it is concluded that the configuration with baffles inside the air channel (case 3) shows better results in terms of the increment of the power density and the decrement of the average temperature.