bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Assessment of Coronary Artery Calcium in Non-ECG Gated Chest CT: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Yamamoto Hideya , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Aoshima Chihiro , Minamino Tohru , Fujii Takashi , Wakabaayshi Shinichi , Urabe Yoji , Ueda Hironori , Kunita Eiji , Abe Mitsunori , Higashino Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We sought to evaluate the visual measurements of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in chest CT without ECG gating, and to compare their predictive abilities for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We analyzed 163 subjects who underwent both coronary and chest CT examinations at 6 centers within 3 months. Agatston scores were calculated on standard ECG-gated scans and then classified into none (0), mild (1–99), moderate (100–400), and severe (>400) grades. Chest CT images were reconstructed with standard 5.0 mm axial slices. CAC in chest CT scans was measured using two methods: Weston score (sum of the assigned score of each vessel, range: 0–12) and number of slices showing CAC (Ca-slice#). Results: We found excellent inter-observer agreement in the estimates of the Weston score and Ca-slice# (R² = 0.913 and 0.955, respectively). When each of the two scores was divided into four levels, good agreement with the 4-grade Agatston score was observed (kappa value = 0.604 and 0.794, respectively). Of the 155 patients remaining after excluding non-diagnostic studies, obstructed CAD, defined as the presence of ≥70% stenosis on CT angiography, was found in 43 (27%). Receiver-operator characteristic curves of 4-grade hierarchies of Agatston score, Weston score, and Ca-slice# provided similar diagnostic powers to detect obstructed CAD (0.722, 0.706, and 0.718, respectively).Conclusion: The visual assessments of CAC detected by ECG non-gated chest CT scans were in good agreement with the ECG-gated Agatston score and also provided equivalent power to detect obstructive CAD. This study was registered at UMIN-CTR (identifier: UMIN000039178; registered date; Jan 16, 2020)
Mesoporous CdO/Al2O3 nanocomposite with enhanced optoelectronic properties for visible-light photocatalysis and bactericidal applications
Authors: B Janani , Syed Asad , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Bahkali Ali H. , Khan S. Sudheer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pristine Al2O3 and CdO are known to possess poor photocatalytic activity individually. The formation of CdO/Al2O3 heterojunction was investigated for the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to determine the crystalline feature and elemental composition of the NCs respectively. Peaks ascribed to Cd-O and O-Al-O was noted in fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The NCs exhibits a high surface area (27.23 m2/g) to their contributing particles which was analysed using BET analyser. The band gap energy of CdO/Al2O3NCs was observed to be 2.95 eV which shows a considerable energy shift from its individual particles, CdO (2.73 eV) and Al2O3 (3.94 eV). The results displayed that the degradation efficiency of the CdO-Al2O3 NCs was enhanced 14 times than pristine Al2O3 and 3.5 times than pristine CdO. The MB dye has showed the half life period of 80 min. TOC analysis of degraded product supported high mineralization of the pollutants. The dye degradation was driven by OH. radicals and the CdO-Al2O3 nanocomposite possessed high reusability which was confirmed by six cycle test. Growth inhibition of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis was attained by exposure to CdO/Al2O3 NCs. The CdO-Al2O3 NCs can be a viable solution for degradation of organic contaminants effectively under natural sun light as well as an efficient antibacterial agent.
Interleukin-10-592 Polymorphism: Impact on Relapse and Survival After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children With Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Schwenk Laura , Wittig Susan , Gruhn Bernd 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-10 (IL-10) potentially can promote the development of alloimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate if the IL-10-592 CC genotype in the donor reduces the risk of relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and if that has an impact on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).Methods A cohort of 211 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=99), acute myeloid leukemia (n=69), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=31) or chronic myeloid leukemia (n=12) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a single center and their respective donors were genotyped of IL-10 gene for rs1800872 using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results The IL-10-592 CC genotype was detected in 107 of the 211 donors (50.7%) and in 98 of the 197 patients (49.7%). Genotype AC was found in 95 donors (45%) and in 84 patients (42.6%). 9 donors (4.3%) and 15 patients (7.6%) were homozygous for AA. Ultimately, we observed a significantly reduced incidence of relapse rate (RR) in patients who were transplanted from a donor with the IL-10-592 CC genotype (19% versus 43% (AC) versus 49% (AA); p=0.0007). In addition, a significant increase of event-free survival (p=0.004) and overall survival (p=0.006) was detected if the IL-10-592 CC genotype is present in the donor. The occurrence of the IL-10-592 CC genotype, in either donors or recipients, had no significant impact on acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.Conclusion The IL-10-592 CC genotype in the donor was associated with a significant decrease of RR which led to a significant increase of EFS and OS after HSCT. This is the first study to describe an association of the IL-10 gene polymorphism with RR, EFS, and OS after HSCT. Selecting a donor with the IL-10-592 CC genotype could be a useful therapeutic strategy for improving the outcome after allogeneic HSCT.
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Six Lower- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kebede Adugna , Kanwagi Robert , Dibaba Asrat Tolossa , Kalam Md Abul , Davis Thomas , Larson Heidi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: While a vaccine is the only clinical preventive measure to control the infection and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), delayed acceptance or refusal of COVID-19 vaccines may increase and prolong the threat to global public health and the economy. Identifying behavioural determinants is considered a critical step in explaining and addressing the barriers of vaccine refusal, but there is a lack of evidence around COVID-19 vaccine refusal and delay from a behavioural perspective. This study aims to identify the behavioural determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and provide recommendations to design actionable interventions to increase the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in six lower-and-middle income countries.Methods: Taking into consideration the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and other behavioural models, a Barrier Analysis (BA) approach was employed to examine twelve potential behavioural determinants of vaccine acceptance in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania. In all six countries, at least 45 interviews with those who intended to take the vaccine (“Acceptors”) and another 45 or more interviews with those who did not (“Non-Acceptors”) were conducted, totalling 542 interviews. Data analysis was performed to find statistically significant (a p-value of less than 0.05) differences between Acceptors and Non-acceptors and to identify which beliefs were most highly associated with acceptance and non-acceptance of the behaviour based on estimated relative risk (ERR). Results: The analysis showed that perceived social norms, perceived positive and negative consequences, perceived risk of getting COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, trust in COVID-19 vaccines, perceived safety of COVID-19 vaccines, and expected access to COVID-19 vaccines had the highest association with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Bangladesh, Kenya, Tanzania, and DRC. Additional behavioural determinants found to be significant in both Myanmar and India were perceived self-efficacy, trust in COVID-19 information provided by leaders, perceived divine will, and perceived action efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. The study also identified important perceptions and beliefs around COVID-19 and its severity, advantages and disadvantages of being vaccinated, and action efficacy of the vaccine to control the spread of the virus.Conclusion: Many of the determinants found to be significant and their level of significance varied from country to country. National and local plans should include messages and activities that address the behavioural determinants found in this study in order to significantly increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine across these countries.
Post-Transplant Diarrhea is Associated with Increased Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Choudhry Aruj , Leopold Andrew , Selby Alexandra , Chamarthy Padma , Friedman Emily , Goraya Navneet , Smith Michael , Schey Ron , Mamary A. James , Parkman Henry P. , Shenoy Kartik , Ehrlich Adam C. , Malik Zubair 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Diarrhea causes significant morbidity among solid organ transplant recipients. It is described in liver and kidney transplant recipients, but not in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The primary aim of this study was to characterize diarrhea in LTx recipients.
Methods

Retrospective review was performed for all patients undergoing LTx at our tertiary care hospital between 01/2011 and 02/2019. Electronic medical records were reviewed for the development of diarrhea.
Results

A total of 564 patients (66.3% male, mean age 64.4 ± 8.8 years) underwent LTx during the 8-year study period, with 289 patients (51.2%) experiencing post-LTx diarrhea. The most common etiologies of diarrhea were medication-induced (33.6%) and CDI (15.6%). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was the most common cause of medication induced diarrhea (33.3%). Diarrhea and age were significantly associated with increased LTx rejection rates in multivariate analysis (Diarrhea OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.48–3.45; Age OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.0).
Conclusions

Diarrhea is common in LTx recipients, with medication-induced diarrhea being the most common etiology. Diarrhea and younger age were associated with an increased risk of LTx rejection. Recognizing the causes of diarrhea in LTx recipients is important for early diagnosis and treatment, leading to greater quality of life and improved graft function.
The features of online news websites in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabil Khan Abdul , Shnaider Anna 
Published: April 2021

The Internet has opened borderless opportunities in the field of journalism and mass communication, especially significant on how journalistic stories will be created and distributed across the multiple platforms. Since 2006 Bangladeshi mainstream news organizations have been transforming and reshaping their strategy towards being a digital-only news outlet. News organizations are now using different features of mobile devices and social media to tell stories and engage with their target audiences.
We consider digital-only platforms as a new media, social media and convergence media platforms. Almost each traditional media outlet observed has the analogue or another version on the web. Social media platforms, like Facebook, Twitter, weblogs, Tik Tok have provided the opportunity for the traditional journalists to share news quickly, get feedback from the audience and have two-way communication with the reader. Over the years they have created thousands of new jobs for aspiring journalists.
In this article, we analyze the basic features of online news media that exists in contemporary Bangladesh and provide an account of the development trends. We outline the new genres, techniques and use as a sample two most famous online news platforms: The Daily Star and bdnews24. This study is based on both primary and secondary sources of qualitative data to understand the new genres of online news media, challenges and opportunities to work in the ever-changing media landscape.
Endothelial progenitor cells in pathogenesis of new coronaviral infection
Authors: Kuzubova N. A. , Titova O. N. , Lebedeva E. S. , Volchkova E. V. 
Published: April 2021

Pulmonary vascular endothelium dysfunction is one of the main pathogenic factors responsible for many clinical manifestations of the severe course of COVID-19. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the endogenous regenerative reserve that maintains the integrity of the vascular endothelium and its restoration in case of damage by pathogenic factors. A decrease in the circulating EPCs is regarded as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in conditions associated with development of endothelial dysfunction, including COVID-19. The exact phenotype of progenitor cells capable of differentiating into endothelial cells has not been determined. In most laboratories antigens CD133+, CD34+, VEGFR-2+ (CD 309) or combination of these are used to identify EPCs. The process of EPCs mobilization and migration is controlled by molecular signals from immune cells located in the damage area. Stromal cell factor 1 (SDF-1), produced by the bone marrow and many other tissues, is an important chemoattractant for EPCs which express its receptors. The results of studies carried out in 2020 indicate that SARS-Cov-2 infects both hematopoietic stem cells, transforming into EPCs, and directly circulating EPCs, causing inflammatory and procoagulant reactions that complicate the COVID-19 course. There is no consensus on the mechanism of EPCs infection with coronavirus – directly through the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor or through an ACE2-independent mechanism. Today there is no effective therapy for COVID-19. The use of the EPCs regenerative potential, and the search for ways to enhance the EPCs mobilization from the depot, and increase their functional activity may become a promising approach to the prevention of severe complications and mortality from COVID-19.
Superfood: Value and Need
Authors: Singh Monika Prakash , Soni Kritika , Bhamra Rashmi , Mittal Ravi Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Superfood is the name coined by the marketing industries to segregate the food
which is claimed to have an edge over the common food, having increased nutritional efficiency,
and possessing more amounts of antioxidants which lead to the prevention of many coronary
heart diseases. The history and introduction of the superfood have been discussed through
brief instances, and nutritional analysis of some of the most popularly available superfoods like
quinoa, goji berry, acai berry, etc. has been done. Some of the indigenous superfood nutritional
benefits have also been stated. The need and value with respect to the therapeutic and economic
aspects of the superfood are reported in the present review in accordance with the current
and relevant data.
The Application of Modified SBA-15 as a Chemosensor
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Khademi Mahdieh , Mohajer Fatemeh , Badiei Alireza 
Published: April 2021

:
The Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15), with a large surface area covered with abundant
Si-OH active groups on the walls of its pores, can be modified with various organic compounds
to build organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which can be used as a catalyst in organic reactions,
drug delivery systems, nano sorbent due to its high capacity for removing heavy metals in
waste water and as chemosensors for ions. Tunable and straight channels of SBA-15 facilitate the
entrance and diffusion of ions through the channels. This paper presents a review of the past five
years of literature covering the application of SBA-15 as an ions chemosensor in the liquid and
gaseous media.
Utilizing Health Behavior Change and Technology Acceptance Models to Predict the Adoption of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Tomczyk Samuel , Barth Simon , Schmidt Silke , Muehlan Holger 
Published: April 2021

Background
To combat the global COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing apps have been discussed as digital health solutions to track infection chains and provide appropriate information. However, observational studies point to low acceptance in most countries, and few studies have yet examined theory-based predictors of app use in the general population to guide health communication efforts.

Objective
This study utilizes established health behavior change and technology acceptance models to predict adoption intentions and frequency of current app use.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey between May and July 2020 in a German convenience sample (N=349; mean age 35.62 years; n=226, 65.3% female). To inspect the incremental validity of model constructs as well as additional variables (privacy concerns, personalization), hierarchical regression models were applied, controlling for covariates.

Results
The theory of planned behavior and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology predicted adoption intentions (R2=56%-63%) and frequency of current app use (R2=33%-37%). A combined model only marginally increased the predictive value by about 5%, but lower privacy concerns and higher threat appraisals (ie, anticipatory anxiety) significantly predicted app use when included as additional variables. Moreover, the impact of perceived usefulness was positive for adoption intentions but negative for frequency of current app use.

Conclusions
This study identified several theory-based predictors of contact tracing app use. However, few constructs, such as social norms, have a consistent positive effect across models and outcomes. Further research is required to replicate these observations, and to examine the interconnectedness of these constructs and their impact throughout the pandemic. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that promulgating affirmative social norms and positive emotional effects of app use, as well as addressing health concerns, might be promising strategies to foster adoption intentions and app use in the general population.
Health Behavior Survey Among People Who Use Opioids: Protocol for Implementing Technology-Based Rapid Response Surveillance in Community Settings
Authors: Frew Paula M , Randall Laura A , King Adrian R , Schamel Jay T , Spaulding Anne C ,   HBOU Study Team, Holloway Ian W 
Published: April 2021

Background
In 2018, 2 million Americans met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition diagnostic criteria for an opioid use disorder, and 9.9 million Americans had misused prescription pain relievers the previous year. Despite a rapid increase in opioid misuse, opioid use disorders, and overdoses, data are limited on the behavioral and contextual risks as well as the protective factors fueling the opioid epidemic in some hard hit US cities—Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas. Opioid use also contributes to the risk of other health problems such as HIV and hepatitis C virus infections or mental health disorders and is linked to behavioral and environmental risks (eg, homelessness, experiences of violence, involvement in the justice system). Knowledge of the relationships between these linked vulnerabilities and how they influence service utilization is critical to effective policy and interventions.

Objective
This survey explores the relationships between demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral and environmental risk factors, and service utilization of people who use opioids to inform public health practice, policy, and future efforts to mitigate the risks faced by this population experiencing multiple health, social, and economic vulnerabilities. The results of this survey will be used to identify needs and intervention points for people who use drugs currently served by public health organizations.

Methods
We implemented a community-engaged strategy that involved development and execution of a two-stage purposive sampling plan involving selection of partner organizations (syringe exchange programs in urban settings) and recruitment and enrollment of participants aged 18-69 years served by these organizations in Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas from 2019 to 2020. The recruited participants completed a survey, including a variety of measures to assess health (physical and mental) and health behaviors such as sexual behavior, vaccine receipt, and HIV/ hepatitis C virus infection testing. Additional items assessed drug use and misuse, syringe exchange and health service utilization, sex exchange, histories of interpersonal violence, and vaccine confidence.

Results
This protocol was successfully implemented despite challenges such as real-time technology issues and rapidly finding and surveying a difficult-to-reach population. We sampled 1127 unique participants (248 in Atlanta, 465 in Los Angeles, and 414 in Las Vegas).

Conclusions
The establishment and utilization of strong community partnerships enabled the rapid collection of data from a typically difficult-to-reach population. Local efforts such as these are needed to develop policies and practices that promote harm reduction among people who use opioids.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/25575
Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States and Other Countries: Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Zweig Sophia Alison , Zapf Alexander John , Xu Hanmeng , Li Qingfeng , Agarwal Smisha , Labrique Alain Bernard , Peters David H 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe United States of America has the highest global number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, which may be due in part to delays and inconsistencies in implementing public health and social measures (PHSMs).ObjectiveIn this descriptive analysis, we analyzed the epidemiological evidence for the impact of PHSMs on COVID-19 transmission in the United States and compared these data to those for 10 other countries of varying income levels, population sizes, and geographies.MethodsWe compared PHSM implementation timing and stringency against COVID-19 daily case counts in the United States and against those in Canada, China, Ethiopia, Japan, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe from January 1 to November 25, 2020. We descriptively analyzed the impact of border closures, contact tracing, household confinement, mandated face masks, quarantine and isolation, school closures, limited gatherings, and states of emergency on COVID-19 case counts. We also compared the relationship between global socioeconomic indicators and national pandemic trajectories across the 11 countries. PHSMs and case count data were derived from various surveillance systems, including the Health Intervention Tracking for COVID-19 database, the World Health Organization PHSM database, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.ResultsImplementing a specific package of 4 PHSMs (quarantine and isolation, school closures, household confinement, and the limiting of social gatherings) early and stringently was observed to coincide with lower case counts and transmission durations in Vietnam, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, South Korea, Ethiopia, and Kazakhstan. In contrast, the United States implemented few PHSMs stringently or early and did not use this successful package. Across the 11 countries, national income positively correlated (r=0.624) with cumulative COVID-19 incidence.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that early implementation, consistent execution, adequate duration, and high adherence to PHSMs represent key factors of reducing the spread of COVID-19. Although national income may be related to COVID-19 progression, a country’s wealth appears to be less important in controlling the pandemic and more important in taking rapid, centralized, and consistent public health action.