bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latif Hllamt's Text "The Operate of Wolf Changes" In The Light of Deconstruction Approach
Authors: Abdwlrahman Nahida Hussien 
Published: September 2021

Deconstruction is a critical approach which was appeared after Construction approach. Deconstruction is an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. Jacques Derrida is known as the father of Deconstruction.
The title of the study is Latif Hllamt's text "The operate of wolf changes" in the light of Deconstruction approach.
This research is a scientific attempt to analyses a specific part of Latif Hallmat's text in terms of Deconstruction. As long as the text is too long we have taken a part of the text to deal with.
The research contains three sections. The first section is the definition the term of Deconstruction. The second section is about the history and philosophy of Deconstruction. The third section is about the application of the approach. At the end some conclusions and list of references are presented.
Hyponym As A Phenomenon In The Economy of Language
Authors: Babakr Salih Abdalla 
Published: September 2021

This research entitled “Hyponym as a phenomenon in the economy of language” deals with this linguistic term. The economy of language is a process that transcends the limits of all linguistic levels, and semantics is one of those levels in which this economic phenomenon is manifested. Hyponymy is one of the semantic relationships in which the phenomenon of linguistic economy occurs. Since it refers to the condensation of several things in one thing, this term (hyponym) has an active presence in all languages, nevertheless, it has special characteristics in each language.
The current research implemented the descriptive analytical method, using the Sulaymaniyah dialect as the main source of data. The study comprises an introduction, two sections, results and list of references.
As for the first section, which came under the title (Hyponym and its Characteristics), it dealt with several issues, including: Definition of the term (Hyponym), its properties, the benefits and disadvantages of Hyponym.
As for the second section which is entitled (Hyponym - Phenomenon in the Economy of Language), several issues were discussed in it: the phenomenon of economy in language, economy in (hyponym), the role of (hyponym) in daily life, and finally analyzing hyponym examples related to language economy.
Evaluation of the Teaching Performance of Baghdad University and Salahaddin University From The Point of View of Their Department Heads ( Comparative Study )
Authors: Sulayman Shawbo Shamsaldeen , Abdulwahid Thiqa Ali 
Published: September 2021

The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the teaching staff of the Baghdad and Salahaddin University-Erbil from the point of view of the heads of their departments in a number of different colleges as a comparative study. The research community was (247) individuals from the heads of departments in the above universities, and a sample size was chosen randomly was(197) unit, and (134) individuals from the department heads at the University of Baghdad, and (63) unit from the department heads at Salahaddin University-Erbil. To achieve the research objectives, a (closed — open) questionnaire was prepared consisting of (49) paragraphs distributed into six specific fields of alternatives. To answer it and one open question in the questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified. The data was analyzed using the (weighted mean equation, the percentage weight equation and the chi-square test). The results showed there was no differences between the responses of department heads in evaluating the teaching performance of faculty members in the research sample in two universities. In addition, a number of proposals were presented to develop the performance of faculty members from the point of view of department heads in both universities. The two researchers made a number of recommendations as well, as well as a number of proposals to conduct future research for researchers in this field.
Suitability Of Pshdar Environment To Yielding Rice
Authors: Abdulla Lanja Salah 
Published: September 2021

Agriculture Geography is one of the economic Geography branches, agriculture is considered one of the important things that attracted the human attention since their existence which was the cause of the human civilization. Agriculture Geography study the natural phenomena, water, air, soil, and vegetation that cover the earth surface, which is considered as a principle of agriculture production and it may differ from location to another, the agricultural production is a function of the human activities. Knowing the agricultural principles is considered as approve of having human activities within the human geography. This research aims at carrying out an agricultural geography analysis to check the environmental suitability of Pshdar District in producing rice, the investigation has been done in the period 2015 to 2020. The study has been made on the main resource of food that is consumed by the residents of this district.

Many maps and tables have been used in this research with the aid of numerous references in order to come up with some recommendations, we have concluded that the study area is rich of human and natural resources which can become a very suitable location for rice production if it is paid some attention.
Da “Rerum Novarum” (1891) à “Centesimus Annus” (1991): 100 anos de evolução da Doutrina Social da Igreja
Authors: Matos Henrique Cristiano José 
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo quer oferecer alguns subsídios para situar a evolução do ensinamento social da Igreja no tempo e no espaço. Seu enfoque é, portanto, de ordem histórica. O texto se divide em três blocos de atenção: 1) Os protagonistas da ação social católica na segunda metade do século XIX que, em certo sentido, criaram o clima favorável para um pronunciamento pontifício oficial sobre “a questão social”, em 1891; abordam-se também neste primeiro bloco os preparativos imediatos da Encíclica “Rerum Novarum” e expõe-se o conteúdo essencial do documento. 2) O itinerário da Doutrina Social da Igreja, mediante uma apresentação sucinta dos principais documentos eclesiásticos, mormente as Encíclicas sociais. 3) Uma breve análise da Encíclica “Centesimus Annus”, de João Paulo II, por ocasião do centenário do documento leonino “sobre a condição dos operários”.
O estudo detém-se dentro de parâmetros históricos, o que justifica seu alcance e também os inegáveis limites. Sobretudo em relação aos documentos mais recentes abstivemo-nos de uma crítica avaliativa. Ao historiador — ao que nos parece — não cabe um juízo sobre fatos que, pela proximidade de tempo, não per¬mitem a necessária distância para apreciá-los mais objetivamente.
Complex correction of metabolic changes and endothelial dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease and eff ort angina of functional class II
Authors: Dzugkoev S. G. , Garmash O. Yu. , Dzugkoevа F. S. , Margieva O. I. , Mozhaeva I. V. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: to study the role of free radical processes, disturbances in nitric oxide homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism in the formation of endothelial disorders in patients with chronic heart disease (CHD) with eff ort angina pectoris functional class II (FC); to substantiate the complex correction of disorders. Material and methods. The study included 75 patients with coronary artery disease and eff ort angina FC II at the age of 50.1 ± 10 years old in the course of a year. The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1st group — control, 2nd group — data obtained on the background of basic therapy; 3rd group — basic therapy + atorvastatin; 4th group — a combination of basic therapy with atorvastatin and coenzyme Q10. In all patients, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of the antioxidant system, the content of NO metabolites and cholesterol metabolism were determined. To assess the functional state of the heart, an ECG study, daily ECG monitoring with the use of the Microvit MT-101 Holter system and blood pressure were performed. Results. The data showed the development of oxidative stress, inhibition of AOD cells and a decrease in the NO metabolites content and impairment of its bioavailability due to atherogenic changes in the vascular wall. Metabolic changes were accompanied by hypertension, ECG changes and anginal attacks. Combined therapy with atorvastatin and coenzyme Q10 against the background of basic therapy caused a positive dynamics of metabolic and functional disorders. Conclusion. The results of complex therapy with an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and coenzyme Q10 proved the effi cacy of the infl uence on oxidation-reduction reactions, endothelial function, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and functional parameters of the heart.
Medical Students’ Perception Regarding E- Learning during Covid-19 Lockdown Period
Authors: Manandhar Pratibha , Manandhar Naresh , Joshi Sunil Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Due to Covid-19 lockdown period undergraduate medical institutions across the country are moving towards e-learning for continuity of education. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of students towards e-learning and to analyze medical students’ perception on e-learning vs. conventional learning.
Materials and Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted by distributing an online semi-structured questionnaire consisting Likert scale to undergraduate medical students of Kathmandu Medical College. Data assembled from the survey were analyzed and Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 24 version software was used for data analysis.
Result: A total of 273 students were enrolled in this study. Most of the students, 83.9% (229) had the perception that conventional teaching method was the best method for learning as compared to e-learning method 16.1% (44). The students mentioned that conventional method of learning is more effective to increase knowledge than e -learning (M= 3.87, M= 2.80) which was statistically significant (p=0.000).
Conclusion: E-learning was the only option for students to study during lockdown period. But students preferred conventional method of learning as compared to e-learning. It might be due to some disadvantages of e-learning, eg. Technical difficulties, lack of interaction with teacher and patients, etc. So, these measures have to be addressed for improving e-learning for betterment of teaching-learning activity during these types of circumstances in future.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Prevention and Control of COVID-19 among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Paudel Radha , Shrestha Sarita , Gurung Laxmi 
Published: September 2021

Background: COVID-19 has become a global health threat and the disease burden is expected to increase more. Nurses are the front lines of COVID management. Because this work requires close personal exposure to patients with COVID-19, nurses are at high risk of infection, contributing to further spread. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices can influence the prevention and control of pandemic. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among 141 nurses from the central hospital, Kathmandu. A purposive sampling technique was used and the data collection date was June 5 to July 20, 2020. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: The study showed that 60.3% of the participants had good knowledge, 53.2% of them had acceptable practice and a cent percent (100%) of them had a positive attitude on the preventive and control measures against COVID-19. More than 3/4th (75.8%) of them were agreed to handle the COVID-19 outbreak confidently in their healthcare setup. Although, 85.8% of participants were worried that they and their family members will probably get infected with COVID-19 while working in the hospital. However, 39% of them were feeling isolated by their community, and relatives due to their profession.

Conclusions: Nurses have good knowledge, a positive attitude, and acceptable practice about prevention and control of COVID-19. However, the level of some knowledge and practice was still lower than that expected.

Keywords: Attitude; COVID; Knowledge; nurses; prevention and control; practice
Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss during and After Caesarean Section: A Case control Study
Authors: Sinha Kavita , Pandey Subhash , Khadka Dipendra 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The incidence of caesarean section is increasing day by day. One of the most common complications is primary or secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Tranexamic acid has been shown to be very useful in reducing blood loss and incidence of blood transfusion in varieties of surgery.
Aims: To study the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during and after the lower segment caesarean section.
Methods: Arandomized, case controlled, prospective study was conducted on 100 women undergoing lower segment caesarean section carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from Sept 2019 to Feb 2020.Fifty of them were given tranexamic acid immediately before lower segment caesarean section and were compared with 50 others to whom tranexamic acid was not given. Blood loss was collected and measured during two different time interval. The first period was considered from placental delivery to end of lower segment caesarean section and second from the end of lower segment caesarean section to 2 hours postpartum period. Vital signs at time of delivery, at 1 hour and 2 hour postpartum and APGAR score at 1 min and 5 min were studied in both the groups.
Results: Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the quantity of blood loss from the placental delivery to 2 hours post-partum: 360.9 ml in the study group, versus 443 ml in the control group (p=0.0008).It also significantly reduced the quantity of blood loss from the end of lower segment caesarean section to 2 hours postpartum:71.5 ml in the study group versus 112.6 ml in the control group (p=0.0002).There was 18% less incidence of postpartum haemorrhage , who received tranexamic acid(p=0.02).There were no significant adverse drug reaction and difference in APGAR score in both the groups. No complications or side effects were reported in either group.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is safe and effective in reducing blood loss among women undergoing lower segment caesarean section.
Comparison of Tramadol with Combination of Tramadol and Ketorolac for Post Cesarean Section Analgesia
Authors: Regmi Nabin Kumar , Jahan Kamar , Rai Purnima , Bhandari Ankur 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Effective post-operative analgesia is mandatory following cesarean section (CS), as parturients need to recover quickly to breast feed and provide care for their newborns. Till date no single drug has been able to achieve this goal. Multimodal analgesia with opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) combination has shown promising results.
Aims: To compare the analgesic efficacy, patient satisfaction and maternal adverse effects, between intravenous (IV) tramadol and multimodal analgesia with IV tramadol and IV ketorolac combination for post cesarean section analgesia.
Methods: This is a prospective, randomized and single-blinded comparative study, conducted in 60 parturients who underwent Lower Segment Cesarian Section. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (IV Tramadol 50 mg given 8 hourly) and Group 2 (IV Tramadol 50 mg + IV Ketorolac 30 mg given 8 hourly). IV Promethazine was given with each dose of tramadol in both groups.
Results: The (Visual analogue scale) VAS scores were significantly low in IV tramadol + IV ketrolac group than with IV tramadol alone group at 2 hours and 12 hours with p value of 0.003 and 0.08 respectively. Rescue analgesia was significantly reduced in group 2 (p value 0.005). Patient satisfaction was good in group 2 and fair in group 1(p value 0.002). No maternal side effects were found.
Conclusion: IV tramadol and IV ketorolac combination used for post cesarean section analgesia significantly decreases post-operative pain, need of rescue analgesia and significantly increases patient satisfaction in comparison to IV tramadol alone.
Socio Demographic Profile and Risperidone Response in New Versus Old Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Belbase Mohan , Adhikari Jyoti 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized with disorganized thinking, perception, expression of reality with significant social and occupational dysfunction. Two groups of drugs are in recent use namely first generation (typicals) and second generation (atypical) antipsychotics. Risperidone is a broad spectrum antipsychotic and has a role as a first-line agent for first break, mild to moderately ill patients and for severely ill treatment–refractory patients.
Aims: This article tries to compare the risperidone response in newly diagnosed schizophrenia patients versus old patients already on some antipsychotics other than risperidone.
Methods: This is an experimental intervention study of patients attending to psychiatry OPD and indoor in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur. Total 40 patients (27 new and 13 old) were selected and sample was collected in one year from January 2018 till December 2018. Positive and negative syndrome scale questionnaire was used to record the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia on baseline (week 0). Patients were followed up on week 4 and week 8 and the same positive and negative syndrome scale questionnaire was applied to record the improvement. Risperidone was given in therapeutic dose (4-8mg) on the basis of symptoms and improvement.
Results: The study subjects were divided into new N=27 (17 male and 10 female) and old N=13 (7 male and 6 female). Maximum number of schizophrenia cases were in age group 15-25 and 35-44 years comprising 30 % in each group. Mean total duration of illness in new group was 23.89 ± 29.51 months (median being 12.0 months) while in old group it was 123.69 ± 83.34 months (median being 96.0 months) with significant difference between two groups (p= <0.001).The mean risperidone dose in milligram on base line (week 0) was 4.15 ± 0.55 for old group while it was 4.04 ± 0.52 for new group. On week 4, the mean dose for old group was 5.08 ± 0.95 while for the new group it was 4.81 ± 1.08. On week 8, the dose for old group was 6.08 ± 1.32 while it was 5.15 ± 1.35 for new group. There was a significant difference in the drug dose on week 8 between old group and new group with p value of 0.047 (statistically significant).
Conclusion: Our study suggests that schizophrenia is found in most productive age group. Risperidone is effective in both new and old schizophrenia patients however old patients need higher dose of risperidone than new patients.
A group-based chronic pain intervention using the Unlearn Your Pain method: A retrospective one-arm cohort study
Authors: Holens Pamela L. , Rock Liana , Buhler Jeremiah , Southall Martine , Imbrogno Luigi , Desorcy-Nantel Catherine , Romaniuk Alyssa 
Published: September 2021

LAY SUMMARY Chronic pain is a frequent occurrence in military and Veteran populations. This study examined whether a group-based chronic pain treatment using the Unlearn Your Pain method was effective in reducing chronic pain in 21 military and Veteran participants. Participants completed measures of pain before and after engaging in the treatment, and results showed participants experienced large reductions in total pain and pain-related catastrophizing and moderate reductions in pain-related disability and pain-related fear of movement after completing the treatment. A smaller group of the participants completed the measures again eight weeks after completing treatment, and the size of their improvements was even greater. This study offers preliminary support for the use of the Unlearn Your Pain method as offered in a group format to military and Veteran populations. Further study is warranted.
Syringomyelia intermittens: highlighting the complex pathophysiology of syringomyelia. Illustrative case
Authors: Van Der Veken Jorn , Harding Marguerite , Hatami Saba , Agzarian Marc , Vrodos Nick 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Chiari Type I malformation (CM1) is a disorder recognized by caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum and into the cervical canal. Syringomyelia is frequently found in patients with CM1, but the pathophysiology of syringomyelia remains an enigma. As a general consensus, symptomatic patients should be treated and asymptomatic patients without a syrinx should not be treated. Mildly symptomatic patients or asymptomatic patients with a syrinx, on the other hand, pose a more challenging dilemma, as the natural evolution is uncertain. For many surgeons, the presence of a syrinx is an indication to offer surgery even if the patient is asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors describe an illustrative case of a 31-year-old female with an incidental finding of a CM1 malformation and cervical syrinx in 2013. Conservative management was advocated as the patient was asymptomatic. Monitoring of the syrinx over a course of 8 years showed resolution, followed by reappearance and finally a complete resolution in 2021. A review of the literature and the possible pathophysiology is discussed.

LESSONS
The unusual course of this patient highlights the importance of guiding treatment by clinical symptoms, not radiological findings. Furthermore it reflects the complexity of the pathophysiology and the uncertain natural history of syringomyelia.
Successful management of spinal cord ischemia in a pediatric patient with fibrocartilaginous embolism: illustrative case
Authors: Fedaravičius Augustinas , Feinstein Yael , Lazar Isaac , Gidon Micky , Shelef Ilan , Avraham Elad , Tamašauskas Arimantas , Melamed Israel 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is a rare cause of ischemic myelopathy that occurs when the material of the nucleus pulposus migrates into vessels supplying the spinal cord. The authors presented a case of pediatric FCE that was successfully managed by adapting evidence-based recommendations used for spinal cord neuroprotection in aortic surgery.

OBSERVATIONS
A 7-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with acute quadriplegia and hemodynamic instability that quickly progressed to cardiac arrest. After stabilization, the patient regained consciousness but remained in a locked-in state with no spontaneous breathing. The patient presented a diagnostic challenge. Traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, and ischemic etiologies were considered. Eventually, the clinical and radiological findings led to the presumed diagnosis of FCE. Treatment with continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD), pulse steroids, and mean arterial pressure augmentation was applied, with subsequent considerable and consistent neurological improvement.

LESSONS
The authors proposed consideration of the adaptation of spinal cord neuroprotection principles used routinely in aortic surgery for the management of traumatic spinal cord ischemia (FCE-related in particular), namely, permissive arterial hypertension and CSFD. This is hypothesized to allow for the maintenance of sufficient spinal cord perfusion until adequate physiological blood perfusion is reestablished (remodeling of the collateral arterial network and/or clearing/absorption of the emboli).