bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torréfaction to improve biomass pellet made of oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Haryanto A , Nita R , Telaumbanua M , Suharyatun S , Hasanudin U , Hidayat W , Iryani D A , Triyono S , Amrul  , Wisnu F K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims at determining the effect of the torrefaction process on the fuel quality of biomass pellets made from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The torrefaction process was carried out using a rotary reactor, which has a cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a length of 15 cm made from an iron plate. The cylinder was heated externally using a horizontal heater fueled with LPG. The reactor cylinder was filled with 1.5 kg of clean sand to homogenize the heat transfer and prevent pellets from colliding during the process. The torrefaction process was conducted with a load of 300 grams of EFB pellets at temperatures around 240-310 °C at variations of reaction time (20, 30, and 45 min.) and the reactor cylinder rotation speed (16, 31, and 37 RPM). The results showed that the torrefaction process improved the quality of the EFB pellet fuel. This was reflected from the very low moisture content (0.32-0.52 %) of torrefied pellets and its calorific value, which increased from 15.82 MJ/kg (without torrefaction) to 17.59 MJ/kg (with torrefaction for 45 minutes). Torrefied pellets showed good hydrophobicity where the pellet was not broken when immersed in water for 24 hours. Pellet without torrefaction was destroyed in water just in one minute.
Characteristic of briquette from kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma) shell at several binder ratios
Authors: Nurjanah Sarifah , Mu’minah M , Saukat M , Muhaemin M , Kramadibrata MAM , Herwanto T , Handarto  , Rosalinda S , Prijatna D , Mardawati E , Darajat W 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma) can be used as raw material of biodiesel. Production of biodiesel from Kemiri Sunan generates shell as waste, that can be utilized as briquette material. During production process, adding binder for briquette is a must in order to create solid and hard shell Kemiri Sunan briquette. This study aims to find out the best ratio of binder (cassava starch) at the production of briquette. Kemiri Sunan was carbonized, grinded (mesh 30) and mixed with some binder ratios, then molded. The ratio of binder and Kemiri Sunan shell were 2:100, 4:100, 6:100, 8:100 and 10:100 (w/w). The study showed that binder ratio affected characteristic of Kemiri Sunan briquette. The best ratio was 6:100 with characteristics: moisture content was 5.5%, ash content was 6.6%, fixed carbon was 49.94%, calorific value was 6.372 cal/g and burning time was 101 min.
Performance and emission effects of biodiesel 30% (B30) usage in oil-fired power plants and gas engine power plants
Authors: Nina Konitat S , Suntoro Dedi , Irsyad Muhammad Indra Al , Zulkarnain  , Widhiatmaka  , Srikandi Gea Prita , Khaldun T , Fauzi  , Anggarani Riesta , Faridha  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2020, Indonesia Government through the Ministerial Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12 Year 2015 obligates the use of 30% biodiesel mixed diesel fuel (B30) for various sectors including the power generation sector. The obligation potentially affects the performance of oil-fired power plants (PLTD) and gas engine power plants (PLTMG) that are common power plant technologies used by the State-owned Electricity Company (PLN) in remote and disadvantaged areas. The objective of this study is to estimate effects of B30 usage on performance and emissions of PLTD and PLTMG. We compare performance and emission data of 3 (three) power plants before and after using B30. The results show that the uses of B30 increases spesific fuel consumption (SFC) by 0.009 L/kWh in PLTD and by 0.0071 L/kWh in PLTMG. The uses of B30 will reduce emissions of SO2, CO, and particulate matter, except NOx emission.
Growth performance of Calophyllum inophyllum at a bioenergy trial plot in Bukit Soeharto Research and Education Forest, East Kalimantan
Authors: Leksono Budi , Sukartiningsih  , Windyarini Eritrina , Adinugraha Hamdan Adma , Artati Yustina , Kwon Jino , Baral Himlal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Indonesian government has committed to providing its entire population with energy through the National Energy Policy, which highlights the importance of diversification, environmental sustainability, and enhanced deployment of domestic energy resources. The contribution of new and renewable energy (NRE) to the nation’s energy supply is mandated to reach 23% by 2025, with bioenergy an important NRE alternative. If developed and deployed appropriately, bioenergy plantations have potential to restore degraded land and enhance biodiversity and environmental services while supporting rural livelihoods. As a potential biofuel tree species suited to the tropics,Calophyllum inophyllum(nyamplung) is being tested across wide-ranging degraded forest conditions in Indonesia. Nyamplung is a potential biodiesel alternative as it grows well in harsh environmental conditions, produces non-edible seed oil, has high amounts of kernel oil and fruits profusely. Here we report growth performance in a plantation trial plot established in February 2018, on previously burned land in Mulawarman University’s Bukit Soeharto Research and Educational Forest. Growth of this two-year-old plantation is strong compared to other Indonesian sites, with average survival rate above 90% on Ultisol soil, which is classified as low fertility and acidic. The findings reveal that different doses of fertilizer applications and slope gradient have no significant effects on growth performance. In addition, trees have already started to flower and fruit, and are colonized by bird species and insects, including bees and butterflies. The study indicates that nyamplung adapts well to different land and soil types. Bioenergy plantations on degraded land are a promising approach for land restoration, and enhance native biodiversity and environmental services while providing a source of renewable energy.
Environmental performance of the HAS-Clay, Kanuma-Clay, and coffee residue adsorbents for bio-H2 purification
Authors: Kako Seiya , Suzuki Masaya , Kameyama Mitsuo , Dowaki Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, a fuel cell (FC) system operated by hydrogen from a renewable source (e.g., biomass feedstock) has been developed to contribute to the abatement of environmental impact and create an environmental business model. In this study, bio-hydrogen produced through a biomass gasification process was investigated. Considering the use of bio-hydrogen, production efficiency and fuel cost are issues of concern. In terms of the technological barriers, the removal of impurities and performance related to the plant cost are considerably influenced by the operating cost and eco-burden. In this study, we focus on a removal system that uses an eco-friendly adsorbent. These impurities should be eliminated to prevent the voltage drop of FC stack. Additionally, in terms of a life cycle analysis (LCA), the performance and the content of the adsorbent would be considerably affected. In our first study, hydroxyl aluminum silicate clay (HAS-Clay) or a natural soil of Kanuma-Clay was a potential candidate. Evidently, HAS-Clay and Kanuma-Clay had a good potential to simultaneously remove H2S, HCl, and NH3. However, the eco-burden of HAS-Clay cannot be mitigated in comparison to that of conventional adsorbents. Therefore, as alternative adsorbents, we selected coffee residue, and the adsorption performance was tested. Using these performances data, the life cycle impact analysis (LCIA) was evaluated in comparison to the eco-burdens of HAS-Clay and Kanuma-Clay. Especially, it is extremely significant to find out the adsorption possibility of coffee residue from a recycling viewpoint. Here, global warming potential and abiotic depletion potential were the indices used for the LCIA. Consequently, coffee residue has a sufficient benefit from the environmental aspect.
Mineral washing from rice straw to improve its combustion properties
Authors: Suharyatun S , Haryanto A , Rahmawati W , Triyono S , Telaumbanua M , Zubaidah U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has abundant potential for rice straw which can be developed as an alternative fuel. However, rice straw has an ash content with a high mineral content which can cause problems in applications involving high temperatures. This study aims to determine the effect of washing rice straw on the fuel quality improvement of rice straw. Sun-dry rice straw that has been cut into 1-2 cm was soaked in tofu industrial wastewater at a ratio of 0.5 kg in 10 L. Sampling for the measurement of ash and mineral content was carried out at 0 (without treatment), 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 720 min. Ashing was carried out using a furnace at a temperature of 550 °C for 2 h. The ash was then analysed using XRF Spectrometry to determine its mineral content. Measurement of the caloric value of rice straw was carried out using a bomb calorimeter. Results showed that soaking straw in tofu wastewater decreased the ash content from 16.0 to 13.67 (% DS) and increased the calorific value from 13.60 MJ/kg (without soaking) to 15.77 MJ/kg (soaking by 720 min.). Soaking was also able to reduce important minerals such as K (17.94% to 9.69%), S (3.40 to 2.06%), Cl (0.91% to 0.3%).
Formulation of mono-diacylglycerol from palm fatty acid distillate and glycerol as antistatic agents on plastics
Authors: Salsabila S , Setyaningsih D , Jannah Q R , Muna N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) can be increased its added value by converted to mono-diacylglycerol (MDAG). MDAG has free hydroxyl groups which make it possible as antistatic agent in plastics. Antistatic is main additive in plastic products, which can reduce the tendency of static electricity. This study aims to obtained the best formulation of MDAG as an antistatic agent in plastics. The methods of this study included formulation of MDAG in plastic polymer, injection molding process and measurement of surface resistivity. The formulation of MDAG in plastic polymers (PP, HDPE, LDPE) have been done in three steps. First, commercial antistatic and MDAG (3.80% FFA content) was added to polymers for injection molding process. There were no antistatic properties detected of MDAG plastic plates. Meanwhile the commercial antistatic shows there were antistatic properties on its plates. The second formulation was using MDAG with better characteristics which has no FFA content. Both MDAG and commercial antistatic showed antistatic properties on PP plates with similar surface resistivity, which was 1012 Ω/sq. Third formulation was using the same MDAG in PP and HDPE polymer and its surface resistivity was observed for several days. Both MDAG and commercial antistatic showed antistatic properties on each plate, with the range of surface resistivity at 1011-1012 Ω/sq. There were significant differences of antistatic activities in PP and HDPE plates, where antistatic properties in PP plates was immediately detected dan faster than HDPE plates. It can be caused by the difference between PP and HDPE density that influence the migration rate of antistatic agent to the surface. In this third stage, it was also created the MDAG masterbatch by mixing MDAG and LDPE polymer, which showed antistatic properties on HDPE plates after several days, with the range of surface resistivity at 1012 Ω/sq. The measurement of surface resistivity on each plastic plates showed that MDAG has antistatic properties, as well as commercial product.
Schematic Model of Ocean Pacific Seawater Mass Circulation in Banda Sea
Authors: Zubaedah S , Setiyono H , Puspita C D , Gusmawati N F , Pranowo W S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Banda Sea passes through the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), and carries seawater mass from the Pacific Ocean toward the Indian Ocean. This influx affects the variations in oceanography parameters, and the monsoon winds aggravate the water complexities. The aim of this research, therefore is to determine seawater mass movements based on temperature and salinity distribution, expressed by the schematic model. These parameters are obtained from HYCOM and processed with ODV, followed by description, using a graphical software. The schematic model created based on the waters’ vertical temperature profile, and represented by one layer each. These include the water surface or 0m, which acted as the mixed layer, while the thermocline was observed at a depth of 150m. In addition, the final deep layer was featured at 500m. Particularly, the 0m model featured irregular salinity and temperature movement, possibly due to the influx of freshwater and monsoon winds. The seawater mass at 150m is reserved for a while in the Banda Sea before exiting into the Indian Ocean. Moreover, homogenous values were recorded, with relatively similar movements at 500m.
Water Quality Assessment Based on National Sanitations Foundation Water Quality Index during Rainy Season in Sibelis and Kemiri Estuaries Tegal City
Authors: Ristanto D , Ambariyanto A , Yulianto B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sibelis and Kemiri are two important river estuaries in Tegal City, at the northern coast of Central Java. Both estuaries have differences in sources of pollution. Pollutants in Sibelis estuary come from industrial activities, such as the fillet household industry, fishing ports, and domestic pollution. While pollutants of Kemiri estuary come from pond fisheries, agricultural activities, and domestic pollutions. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Sibelis and Kemiri estuaries during the rainy season based on the Water Quality Index of the National Sanitation Foundation. The research was done on January–March 2019 (rainy season) with three sampling stations. Each station was divided into three sites. Eight water quality parameters were measured i.e. temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, BOD5, DO, PO4 and NO3. The results showed that there was an increasing trend in the NSF WQI Index in Sibelis from January to March 2019 (48.02 to 51.25) and included in the poor quality category (49.61). Based on the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Standards (2004), six parameters were out of standard, namely TDS, TSS, BOD5, DO, PO4 and NO3. While the results of Kemiri estuary show a decreasing trend from January to March 2019 (62.36 to 57.88) and fall into the medium quality category (62.08). Only four parameters have outside standards i.e. TDS, TSS, PO4 and NO3.
The Use of Piezoelectric as Energy Harvester in Breakwater
Authors: Yulianti S , Kevin P , Prakoso A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, in the case of the coastal structures, wave breaking and access to clean energy are two important issues, which can be addressed by combining breakwater and vibration-based energy harvesting systems. In the study, the mechanical energy harvester which is produced from the transvers wave motion of water particles is developed by the piezoelectric motion in the breakwater and resulting electrical energy. To study the application of this system, a theoretical model is presented. This study has the objective to know the wind analysis, wave estimation and potential of power produced by sea waves on Enggano Bengkulu island is an area with large potential of sea wave energy. From the result of the research is the wave height 1.035 m and wavelength 44.902 m is also strongly suggest to produce energy for 7.51 kW into breakwater. The results of this project demonstrated that wind analysis, wave estimation with Weibull method and the design of breakwater with piezoelectric system can be utilized to absorb wave energy. This research develops breakwater construction with piezoelectricity as a result, potential novel renewable energy by offshore infrastructure.
Meulaboh Tombolo Response to Large Tsunami, West Coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia
Authors: Setyawan W B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Meulaboh city which is devastated by the tsunami of 26 December 2004, is situated on the west coast of northern part of Sumatra Island. The city is located on a tombolo that currently also acts as a peninsula in the existing coastline system. West coast of the tombolo which is consists of natural sandy beach coastline in high energy condition of coastal waters was studied for its response to the tsunami. Images from Google Earth were the main data in this study and used for coastal landform analysis before and after the tsunami. Photograph data from various sources and fieldwork data from 2002 also used. Results of this study show that the tsunami was eroded the sandy beach and resulted in an irregular coastline patterns, but the general shape of the coastline pattern remains curved. The erosion had been produced many incised channels and low cliffed coast. Recovery processes was start in a week after the tsunami. The plan shape of the sandy beach was recovered in accordance with eliminating the cliffed coast and closing of incised channel and producing enclosed water bodies. Almost all traces of the tsunami were lost following sandy beach recovery with an exception of enclosed water bodies that far enough from reaching by normal wave activities.
The Assessment of Coral Reefs Mapping Methodology: An Integrated Method Approach
Authors: Sutrisno D , Sugara A , Darmawan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indonesian waters hold the world’s mega biodiversity of coral reefs. However, a range of anthropogenic pressures are threatening the coral reefs persistence. Since the early 20th century, remote sensing data has been assessed to map and monitor coral reefs. The reef habitats are monitored at various hierarchical spatial scales using integrated remote sensing and field data, but the level of detail and accuracy at a single point still questionable. Therefore, this study aims to assess the coral reefs methodology based on an integrated digital image processing approach. The method will employ a multi-pair and a single pair or an initial pair of Depth Invariant Index (DII) transformation bands, pixel-based Isodata and K-Means algorithm, and supervised classification method based on maximum likelihood and nearest neighbor algorithms. Object-based classification images, training areas, and data references were supported by previous research. The findings indicate that the maximum likelihood algorithm is better to apply for supervised classification for a single transformation band, while the K-Means algorithm is better for pixel-based classification since better accuracy can be obtained. However, various remote sensing data, band combinations, and clusters may affect the difference in results.
The Use of tpsDig in Re-Describing Morphometry of Barbodes binotatus Caught in Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Astuti S S , Hariati A M , Kusuma W E , Wiadnya D G R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Barbodes binotatus is a group of freshwater fish and this species is an endemic and most dominant category of freshwater species in Indonesia. Morphological examinations at the level of intraspecific populations by involving extensive sampling localities have never been conducted before. Morphological characteristics through truss morphometry analysis of body shape can be used to analyze shape changes during growth, discriminate genera or species as well as identify good quality of population for fish broodstock. This aims of research were to determine the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and morphological character of B. binotatus across different regions from Java. A total of 650 samples were analyzed and collected from a total of 24 sampling sites around Java Island. Individual specimens for each population were analyzed using thin plate spline (tpsDig) method with a total of 14 anatomical landmarks. The result of this research inform that PCA analysis showed highly significant different of each population. Research with genetic approach is needed to determine population groupings across distribution area.
Effects of Brazilin Contained in Caesalpinia sappan L on The Properties of Fish Paste from Ponyfish (Leiognathus sp)
Authors: Sumardianto  , Deanti H , Amalia U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fish paste is one of fisheries products made by fermentation of small shrimp or non economically fishes and became popular in Indonesia as a condiment related rich in umami taste. Fish paste from different region have not same appearance and nutritional as result of processing variety such as raw material, composition and fermentation time. Most people think that the reddish brown fish paste color tends to be more attractive than the brown or blackish brown ones. This study aims to investigate the effect of brazilin extract of the dried heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L (BEC) on the physiochemical properties of fish paste from ponyfish (FPP). The powder of BEC was extracted using solution contain 96% ethanol and 1% HCl with ratio of the dried heartwood (in sawdust form) and solution are about 1:5. FPP was produced using three different concentration of BEC: 5%; 7.5%; 10% and without BEC (0%) as a control treatment. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Kruskall-Wallis. Addition of the 5% and 10% BEC in fish paste resulted in lower lightness and higher redness compared with control (p<0.05). The 7.5% of BEC resulted significant difference (p<0.05) to color compared other treatments with Hue value test ranges from 18-540 (indicates high red color). The other parameters such as moisture content, amount of Lactic Acid Bacteria and sensory attributes did not show any difference. In conclusion, the 7.5% of BEC exhibited the effectiveness in color performance and sensory attributes in FPP.
Inventory Shaft and Propeller of Traditional Vessels in Gresik-East Java
Authors: Budiarto A H , Winarno A , Setyorini P D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on the map, parts of Gresik were known as coastal area. Condition of traditional vessel in development and application propulsion systems still use previous vessels as a references. Traditional vessel should follows Indonesia Classification Bureau (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia or BKI) guidance, however Gresik traditional vessels hasn’t fulfill the BKI guidance. Hence, in this research aim to inventory shaft and propeller of traditional vessel and to calculate according the BKI. The research method is collect literature review, collect vessel data and calculate it according guidance. This research was carried out on vessel data collection in three sub-districts, namely Panceng sub-district, Ujung Pangkah sub-istrict and Gresik sub-district. There are 3 results in this research, the first one is minimum shaft diameter (Ds) which weren’t fulfill BKI guidance is Panceng Sub-district with 20% of 10 vessels. Second results is maximum bearings distance which weren’t fulfill BKI guidance is Panceng Sub-district with 40% of 10 vessels. And the last is all sub-district has fulfill minimum thickness 0,25 propeller radius (t0,25R
). Based on the results, importance applying BKI guidance should be introduced for owner or crew of gresik traditional vessels.