bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation with Reverse Hill–Sachs Lesions via Anatomical Reconstructions
Authors: Mi Meng , Zhang Jin‐ming , Jiang Xie‐yuan , Huang Qiang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of locked posterior shoulder dislocation with reverse Hill–Sachs lesions in patients treated with anatomical reconstructions.MethodsPatients who were treated at our institution between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographics of the patients including gender, age, occupation, and dominant arm were recorded. Eleven cases from 10 patients qualified in this study. Nine males and one female were included. The mean age of the patients was 44.8 years (range, 33–54 years). Mechanism of injury, duration between injuries and definitive diagnosis, misdiagnosis, size of humeral head impaction, treatment maneuver, and details of operation performed were reviewed. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan were taken to determine the size of defects preoperatively and fracture healing during follow‐up. During surgery, the deltopectoral approach was employed. Anatomical reconstruction procedure including reduction, disimpaction, bone grafting, and fixation were sequentially performed. Either cancellous autograft from iliac crest or allograft were used and the fractures were anatomically reduced and stabilized by screws or plates. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Constant–Murley score were recorded to determine the functional outcomes preoperatively, at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up. The range of motion in forward flexion was recorded at 6 months follow‐up postoperatively.ResultsCauses of injuries included epileptic seizure in four cases, fall in three cases, and road traffic accident in three cases. Misdiagnoses occurred in five out of 10 patients. The mean time between injury and definitive treatment among those misdiagnosed was 112 days. The mean size of the impacted reverse Hill–Sachs lesions was 33.95% (range, 19.1%–42.6%). All patients received surgical management with anatomical reconstruction approach, including open reduction, disimpaction, bone grafting, and internal fixation. The mean amount of bleeding during operation was 450 mL. The mean follow‐up period was 22.6 months. Fracture healing was observed by 8 weeks in all cases postoperatively and evidence of bone grafting could not be further detected on CT scan at 6 month during follow‐up. VAS was significantly lower at the last follow‐up (0.68 ± 0.21) in comparison to preoperative scores (4.96 ± 0.97) (P < 0.05). Constant–Murley was improved significantly at the last follow‐up (91.7 ± 8.3) in comparison to that preoperatively (40.6 ± 10.3) (P < 0.05). The mean range of motion in forward flexion was 38.25° ± 9.36° preoperatively and significantly improved to 162.48° ± 12.68° at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe anatomical reconstruction procedure by open reduction and bone augmentation for the treatment of locked posterior shoulder dislocation with reverse Hill–Sachs lesion was promising in both fracture healing and functional outcomes.
The ulnar artery: A site suitable for arterial cannulation in pediatric patients
Authors: Roux Jennifer , Kohn Michael A , Sinskey Jina , Nguyen Hung , Boor Marjorie , Rouine‐Rapp Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, the ulnar artery has rarely been considered for arterial cannulation as it is less easily palpated than the radial artery. With the current routine use of ultrasound in pediatric patients, the ulnar is as accessible as the radial and could be viewed as an equivalent site for cannulation.AimsThe purpose of this study was to compare ulnar and radial artery suitability for arterial cannulation in pediatric patients using 2‐dimensional ultrasound.MethodsWe examined the ulnar and radial arteries of pediatric patients aged birth to 6 years who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia. Following anesthesia induction, the investigators positioned the patient's wrist to 30–45 degrees of extension and obtained images of the ulnar and radial arteries in the transverse and longitudinal planes. Assessments of the arteries’ anterior‐posterior diameter, cross‐sectional area and depth were made by visual inspection at the time of image acquisition and by electronic caliper measurement of recorded images.ResultsIn 108 patients, mean anterior‐posterior diameter of the ulnar artery was larger than the radial artery in the transverse view, longitudinal view, and cross‐sectional area in 63.6%, 59.4%, and 60.4% of patients (p = .002, .004, and .006, respectively). Mean ulnar artery size was, on average, larger than the radial artery by 7.7%, 8.1%, and 12.9% in the transverse AP diameter, longitudinal AP diameter, and cross‐sectional area (95% CI 3.1–12.4%; 3.2–13.0%; 4.4–21.5%). The investigator's visual evaluation of vessel size at the bedside showed substantial agreement with the measured cross‐sectional area (linear‐weighted kappa of 0.73). In a subset of 13 patients age <24 months, the mean depth of the ulnar artery was 2.13 mm compared to 1.65 mm for the radial artery (difference −0.48 mm 95% CI 1.08–0.12).ConclusionsThe ulnar artery was larger than the radial artery in 60% of pediatric patients thus may offer an arterial cannulation site advantage due to its larger size. The use of 2‐dimensional ultrasound examination allows accurate assessment of upper extremity distal arteries in order to optimize site selection for arterial cannulation in pediatric patients.
COVID‐19 infection in pediatric solid organ transplant patients
Authors: Bansal Neha , Ovchinsky Nadia , Foca Marc , Lamour Jacqueline M. , Kogan‐Liberman Debora , Hsu Daphne T. , Beddows Kimberly , Abraham Lincy , Coburn Maura , Cunningham Ryan , Nguyen Trang , Hayde Nicole 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdult SOT recipients with COVID‐19 have higher mortality rates when compared to general population. There is paucity of data on outcomes in pediatric SOT recipients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study investigating the prevalence of COVID‐19 infection and outcomes in pediatric SOT (heart, liver, and kidney) recipients. We extracted demographic and clinical characteristics and COVID‐19 testing (PCR or [Ab] test) results from medical records. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients who were positive for COVID‐19 (PCR or Ab) and those who did not, using Mann‐Whitney, Student's t test, or chi‐square test. p value <.05 was statistically significant.ResultsA total of 108 SOT recipients with a median age of 13.1 (8.4, 17.8) years and median 4.2 (2.7, 7.9) years from transplant were checked for COVID‐19 via a PCR or Ab test. A positive PCR was confirmed in 10 patients (9.3%), while 12 patients (11.1%) were positive for COVID‐19 Ab. The patients who tested positive in our cohort were 9/50 (18%) heart, 6/68 (8.8%) kidney, and 7/50 (14%) liver transplant recipients. There were no differences in the clinical characteristics between patients with and without COVID‐19 infection. All patients were either asymptomatic (50%) or had self‐limiting symptoms. No changes were made to the immunosuppressive regimen. Only one patient was hospitalized and none had an oxygen requirement.ConclusionsIn our cohort of pediatric SOT recipients, COVID‐19 infection was asymptomatic or mild. This data may aid clinicians in counseling patients and families in this increased‐risk population.
Photo‐elicitation: Reflections on a method to study food insecurity among low‐income, post‐9/11 veterans
Authors: Kamdar Nipa , Hernandez Daphne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhoto‐elicitation is a research method in which participants use visual images (e.g., photographs) to convey their experiences. It is a useful method for public health nurses to research complex topics among vulnerable populations. This article focuses on the granular details of one research team's implementation of photo‐elicitation to study food insecurity among low‐income veterans raising children. They detail three sessions with participants during which they: (1) described the process of photo‐elicitation; (2) completed photo‐guided interviews; and (3) sought participant input through member checking. The article also includes reflections on their experiences as researchers implementing the photo‐elicitation process. Among their insights was an appreciation for the range of emotions participants experienced as they shared their narratives. These emotions and the associated photos contributed to the rich data generated from the interviews. The researchers used the images and participant captions generated through photo‐elicitation to raise awareness of and build empathy for the challenges and situations veterans who are food insecure experience. In this way, photo‐elicitation may be used as an advocacy tool to capture the attention of policymakers and other key stakeholders.
Identification and characterization of Pyrenophora species causing leaf spot on oat (Avena sativa) in western China
Authors: Chen Hao , Xue Longhai , White James F. , Kamran Malik , Li Chunjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDrechslera leaf spot (DLS) is a serious leaf disease of oats chiefly caused by Pyrenophora chaetomioides in the main oat‐producing areas of the world. However, other species of Pyrenophora that may cause DLS have not been investigated in China. From 2018 to 2020, a total of 256 strains of Pyrenophora were isolated from nine oat‐producing areas in three provinces in western China. Using a combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), RNA polymerase second largest subunit region (RPB2), and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase region (GAPDH), 66% of the isolates were identified as P. chaetomioides and 34% of isolates belonged to P. avenicola. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that P. avenicola also infected oat and caused DLS, but it was less virulent than P. chaetomioides. From our survey, DLS caused by P. avenicola generally occurred in warm areas at lower altitude and the annual average temperature was above 0°C (Huan and Zhenyuan county in Gansu, Huize county in Yunnan), compared to high‐altitude areas (Tianzhu county, Shandan county, Haiyan county). The combination of optimal and maximal temperature indicated that P. avenicola had greater tolerance to high temperature, which was also an important factor for its distribution on oats. Precise identification and understanding of virulence, distribution, and occurrence of these pathogens has significance for control of oat DLS in the future.
High authigenic Co enrichment in the non‐euxinic buff‐grey and black shale of the Chandarpur Group, Chhattisgarh Supergroup: Implication for the late Mesoproterozoic shallow marine redox condition
Authors: Ansari Arif Husain , Singh Veeru Kant , Sharma Mukund , Kumar Kamlesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPersistently low enrichment of conventional redox‐proxy trace metals, i.e., V, Cr, Mo and U in Mesoproterozoic black shale records, has generally been interpreted as an oxygen‐depleted surface environment. However, new evidence in this study contradicts this concept. We performed an integrated trace metals, major oxides and total organic carbon investigation on the late Mesoproterozoic black/buff‐grey shale of the Chandarpur Group. The results revealed no significant enrichment of V, Cr, Mo and U, however, intermittent high enrichment of non‐detrital Co, Fe and Mn. As the studied section is non‐euxinic, sulphidic Co scavenging seems to be an unlikely mechanism for the Co enrichment. A significantly positive correlation between Co and Mn, and CoEFcovariation with Fe/Al, strongly suggests the co‐precipitation of Co and Fe/Mn in a well‐oxygenated environment. This intermittent oxygenation of the sediment‐water interface would have promoted the re‐dissolution loss of V, Cr, Mo and U from the sediments deposited under preceding anoxic conditions.
Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding ischemic heart disease among HIV‐positive individuals in northern Tanzania
Authors: Prattipati Sainikitha , Mlangi Jerome J. , Tarimo Tumsifu G. , Kweka Godfrey L. , Thielman Nathan M. , Bettger Janet P. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Sakita Francis M. , Hertz Julian T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding ischemic heart disease (IHD) among adults with HIV in Tanzania.MethodsAdults presenting for routine HIV care at a clinic in northern Tanzania were consecutively enrolled and were administered a standardised KAP survey. For each participant, an IHD knowledge score was calculated by tallying correct answers to the IHD knowledge questions, with maximum score 10. Individual 5‐year risk of cardiovascular event was calculated using the Harvard NHANES model. Associations between participant characteristics and IHD knowledge scores were assessed via Welch's t‐test.ResultsAmong the 500 participants, the mean (SD) age was 45.3 (11.4) years and 139 (27.8%) were males. Most participants recognised high blood pressure (n = 313, 62.6%) as a risk factor for IHD, but fewer identified diabetes as a risk factor (n = 241, 48.2%), or knew that aspirin reduces the risk of a secondary cardiovascular event (n = 73, 14.6%). Higher IHD knowledge score was associated with post‐primary education (mean 6.27 vs. 5.35, p = 0.001) and with >10% 5‐year risk of cardiovascular event (mean 5.97 vs. 5.41, p = 0.045). Most participants believed there were things they could do to reduce their chances of having a heart attack (n = 361, 72.2%). While participants indicated that they adhered to their prescribed medications (n = 488, 97.6%), only 106 (21.2%) attended regular health check‐ups.ConclusionEfforts are needed to improve gaps in IHD knowledge, and increase uptake of cardiovascular preventative practices among Tanzanian adults with HIV.
A New Method for Calculating the Inflection Point Temperature of Heavy-Oil Rheology Transforming From Non-Newton Fluid into the Newton Fluid
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Yonghui , Lai Nanjun , Ji Youjun , Hu Tinghui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The inflection point temperature of rheology (IPTR) of heavy oil transforming from a non-Newtonian fluid into a Newtonian fluid is a key parameter in the steam huff- and-puff process. It is particularly relevant in terms of optimizing injection parameters, calculating the heating radius, and determining well spaces. However, the current approach exhibits obvious shortcomings, such as the randomness of the selected tangent line and inadaptability for extra-heavy oil with high viscosity. For extra-heavy oil, the absolute error between the predicted and experimental values obtained using the tangent method has been reported to be between 15.6 °C and 16.9 °C with a relative error of between 17.4% and 18.8%. Therefore, this paper presents a novel method for calculating IPTR using viscosity–temperature data. The approach is based on the Arrhenius equation and quantitatively evaluates the IPTR according to the inflection point of the apparent activation energy. The IPTR values of four heavy-oil samples obtained from the Bohai Oilfield in China were quantitatively predicted according to viscosity–temperature data using the proposed method. The method's accuracy was verified by a series of rheological investigations on samples obtained from two heavy-oil wells. A regression of the rheological equations was performed in which 200 and 625 data points were tested, respectively, via regression to different temperatures, and the IPTR values of the different samples were obtained. The values of 75 °C and 100 °C obtained from a significant volume of experimental test data agreed well with the predicted values of 79 °C and 100 °C calculated by the proposed method. Additionally, the new method was used to predict IPTR according to the published viscosity–temperature data of ten heavy-oil samples from the Shengli Oilfield. Again, a good correspondence was found, and mean absolute and relative errors of 3 °C and 4.6%, respectively, were reported. Therefore, the proposed model was confirmed to improve the prediction accuracy of the existing method and provided a new method for calculating the IPTR of heavy oil.
Detection of Transients in Vibration Signals Using Reverse Dispersion Entropy
Authors: Alsalaet Jaafar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, the reverse dispersion entropy (RDE) is used to process the squared envelope (SE) signal in order to detect nonstationarites. Based on the idea of spectral kurtosis (SK) and kurtogram, the squared envelope signal is first extracted by applying the short time Fourier transform to vibration signal. Then, as an alternative to negative Shannon entropy, the RDE is used to process the squared envelope to detect the range of frequencies at which the transients occur. The RDEgram color-coded map is used to represent the RDE values as a function of frequency and frequency resolution from which the ideal filter parameters can be inferred. Once the best frequency and frequency bandwidth pair are found, an optimum finite impulse response filter can be designed to filter the original vibration signal. The proposed method is tested against simulated and actual vibration signals and proved to be superior to existing methods.
Discrimination between schools and submerged trees in reservoirs: a preliminary approach using narrowband and broadband acoustics
Authors: Blanluet Arthur , Gastauer Sven , Cattanéo Franck , Goulon Chloé , Grimardias David , Guillard Jean 
Published: October 2021

With a growing demand for hydroelectric energy, the number of reservoirs is dramatically increasing worldwide. These new water bodies also present an opportunity for the development of fishing activities. However, these reservoirs are commonly impounded on uncut forests, resulting in many immersed trees. These trees hinder fish assessments by disrupting both gill-netting and acoustic sampling. Immersed trees can easily be confused with fish schools on echograms. To overcome this issue, we developed a method to discriminate fish schools from immersed trees. A random forest algorithm was used to classify echo-traces at 120 and 200 kHz, recorded by an EK80 (SIMRAD) in narrowband (continuous wave) and in broadband mode (frequency modulated). We obtained a good discrimination rate between trees and schools, especially in broadband (90% ratio of good classification). We demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate fish schools from immersed trees and thus facilitate the use of fisheries acoustics in reservoirs.
Tracheid dimensions of Norway spruce in uneven-aged stands
Authors: Pyörälä Jiri , Piispanen Riikka , Valkonen Sauli , Lundqvist Sven-Olof 
Published: October 2021

Tracheid length and width patterns from pith to bark at a height of 0.6 m in uneven-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were studied. Identification of the main factors and a comparison with even-aged stands were also carried out. Ninety-six trees were sampled from experimental stands in southern Finland. The material encompassed the variation in tracheid properties from early years to silvicultural maturity, i.e., from corewood to outerwood up to a cambial age of 111 years. Data from 39 Norway spruce trees from even-aged stands were utilized for comparison. Models fitted to the data indicated that annual ring widths did not influence mean tracheid dimensions but that the latewood proportion had a significant influence on tracheid dimensions. Tracheids in uneven-aged stands were slightly wider and longer at the base of the stem in trees with a similar diameter, cambial age, and annual ring number.
Polarization tensor of magnetized quark-gluon plasma at nonzero baryon density
Authors: Wang Xinyang , Shovkovy Igor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe derive a general expression for the absorptive part of the one-loop photon polarization tensor in a strongly magnetized quark-gluon plasma at nonzero baryon chemical potential. To demonstrate the application of the main result in the context of heavy-ion collisions, we study the effect of a nonzero baryon chemical potential on the photon emission rate. The rate and the ellipticity of photon emission are studied numerically as a function the transverse momentum (energy) for several values of temperature and chemical potential. When the chemical potential is small compared to the temperature, the rates of the quark and antiquark splitting processes (i.e., $$q\rightarrow q +\gamma $$

q
→
q
+
γ

and $${\bar{q}}\rightarrow {\bar{q}} +\gamma $$

q

¯

→

q

¯

+
γ

, respectively) are approximately the same. However, the quark splitting gradually becomes the dominant process with increasing the chemical potential. We also find that increasing the chemical potential leads to a growing total photon production rate but has only a small effect on the ellipticity of photon emission. The quark-antiquark annihilation ($$q+{\bar{q}}\rightarrow \gamma $$

q
+

q

¯

→
γ

) also contributes to the photon production, but its contribution remains relatively small for a wide range of temperatures and chemical potentials investigated.
Remarks on inverse electrodynamics
Authors: Gaete Patricio , Helayël-Neto José A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study physical aspects for a new nonlinear electrodynamics (inverse electrodynamics). It is shown that this new electrodynamics displays the vacuum birefringence phenomenon in the presence of external magnetic field, hence we compute the bending of light. Afterwards we compute the lowest-order modification to the interaction energy within the framework of the gauge-invariant but path-dependent variables formalism. Our calculations show that the interaction energy contains a long-range ($${1 \big / {{r^5}}}$$1/r5-type) correction to the Coulomb potential.
Targeting Fc Receptor-Mediated Effects and the “Don't Eat Me” Signal with an Oncolytic Virus Expressing an Anti-CD47 Antibody to Treat Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Tian Lei , Xu Bo , Teng Kun-Yu , Song Mihae , Zhu Zheng , Chen Yuqing , Wang Jing , Zhang Jianying , Feng Mingye , Kaur Balveen , Rodriguez Lorna , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
mAbs blocking immune checkpoints have emerged as important cancer therapeutics, as exemplified by systemic administration of the IgG1 anti-CD47 mAb that blocks the “don't eat me” pathway. However, this strategy is associated with severe toxicity.

Experimental Design:
To improve therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicities for ovarian cancer, we engineered an oncolytic herpesvirus (oHSV) to express a full-length, soluble anti-CD47 mAb with a human IgG1 scaffold (OV-αCD47-G1) or IgG4 scaffold (OV-αCD47-G4).

Results:
Both IgG1 and IgG4 anti-CD47 mAbs secreted by oHSV-infected tumor cells blocked the CD47–SIRPα signal pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis against ovarian tumor cells. OV-αCD47-G1, but not OV-αCD47-G4, activated human NK-cell cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis by binding to the Fc receptors of these cells. In vivo, these multifaceted functions of OV-αCD47-G1 improved mouse survival in xenograft and immunocompetent mouse models of ovarian cancer when compared with OV-αCD47-G4 and a parental oHSV. The murine counterpart of OV-αCD47-G1, OV-αmCD47-G2b, also enhanced mouse NK-cell cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis and prolonged survival of mice bearing ovarian tumors compared with OV-αmCD47-G3. OV-αmCD47-G2b was also superior to αmCD47-G2b and showed a significantly better effect when combined with an antibody against PD-L1 that was upregulated by oHSV infection.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that an oHSV encoding a full-length human IgG1 anti-CD47 mAb, when used as a single agent or combined with another agent, is a promising approach for improving ovarian cancer treatment via enhancing innate immunity, as well as performing its known oncolytic function and modulation of immune cells.