bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Concept and Obesity Risk in Low Income Diverse Preschoolers
Authors: Cardel Michelle , Bellows Laura , Boles Richard , Davies Patricia , Gavin William , Johnson Susan 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEOlder obese children have reported lower levels of self‐esteem than normal weight children. The developmental course of weight‐related impacts on self‐concept has not been well‐documented. We examined associations among domains of self‐concept and child sex, ethnicity, and weight status in a sample of low‐income, diverse preschoolers.METHODsSelf‐concept and pediatric weight status were collected at baseline as part of the Colorado LEAP study. Participants were 253 low income preschoolers (54.8% female; 39.5% Hispanic; mean age 4.65 y). Self‐concept was measured with an assessment that quantified children's self‐perceptions in 4 domains (Cognitive Competence, Physical Competence, Peer Acceptance, & Maternal Acceptance). Weight status and classification were calculated based on measured height and weight. Statistical analysis included Pearson's Correlations and independent t‐tests (α<.05).RESULTSDomains of self‐concept were highly inter‐correlated (p<0.01). Children with low perceived Maternal and Peer Acceptance also reported low Cognitive and Physical Competence, independent of weight status, sex, and ethnicity. Measures of self‐concept were not related to child weight status or classification and nor did they differ according to sex, ethnicity, or weight status.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that weight status in low‐income preschool‐aged children does not yet influence self‐perceptions related to maternal and peer acceptance or cognitive or physical competence.
Livestock Diversity and Food Security in Smallholder Farming Households in Haiti
Authors: Malard Julien , Melgar‐Quiñonez Hugo , Dallmann Diana , García Winder Miguel 
Published: June 2021

While animal‐sourced foods and income can play central roles in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, there is very little knowledge on how the diversity of these farmers' livestock holdings may impact their food security (FS). Using survey data from 500 smallholder Haitian farmers, this research addresses three crucial questions: (1) determining the most appropriate index for measuring smallholder farm livestock diversity, (2) evaluating the impact of this diversity on household FS, and (3) assessing impacts of the presence and diversity of different animal functional groups on household FS. Of the five ecological diversity scores tested (along with several alternative weighting modifications), the unmodified Shannon Index was found to be the most appropriate and simplest animal diversity index for FS analyses. Our base model included household income, total livestock (tropical livestock units), and livestock diversity (Shannon Index). Interestingly, while all three variables positively impact FS, the impact of total livestock holdings is only observable at high livestock diversity levels. Further analysis comparing diversity within and between livestock functional groups indicated that both the fraction of and diversity within a specific group of animals (mostly female animals producing a constant food supply; e.g. cows, chickens) was most protective against food insecurity, while diversity between different functional groups had no significant impact. These results represent an important contribution to the work of policymakers and practitioners to better design interventions meant to effectively impact FS among smallholder farmers.
An Exploration of Health, Nutrition and Community Experiences of Gardeners at Wangari Gardens
Authors: George Tracy , Humphries Debbie , Kershaw Trace , Singer Josh 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWangari Gardens is a community garden and garden education nonprofit located in the northwest region of Washington, DC. The gardens consist of 110 individual garden plots, public gardens open to harvest by any local resident of DC, and an outdoor classroom that holds free weekly workshops on gardening topics for all community members.ObjectiveTo explore the health and community related experiences of community members who hold garden plots at Wangari Gardens.Methods17 semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted at the community garden. Interviews lasted a half hour on average, and covered topics of how one chose to garden both broadly and at Wangari, benefits of gardening, and challenges associated with community gardening. Interviews were recorded and transcripts analyzed using qualitative data analysis software.ResultsCommunity members chose to begin gardening to improve nutrition, manage chronic disease symptoms, cultivate an ongoing hobby, and establish a greater connection with nature and their surrounding community. Community members continued gardening to maintain relationships created at the gardens, physical benefits, harvest from garden plots, and feelings of self‐efficacy.ConclusionCommunity gardens provide multi‐faceted benefits to community members, including individual level benefits such as a greater sense of physical well‐being and enjoyment of healthy food, and community level benefits such as bringing community members together and creating a sense of community ownership of the land and their health. This work adds to the growing body of literature on the benefits of utilizing green spaces in urban areas for community growth and health initiatives.
Dairy Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Kim Youngyo , Je Youjin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionEmerging observational studies suggested that higher dairy consumption may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, there was no comprehensive review and meta‐analysis of dairy consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome.MethodTo provide a quantitative assessment of this association, we conducted a meta‐analysis of observational (cohort or cross‐sectional) studies published up to September 2014 through a search of MEDLINE databases and the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Information on participant characteristics, measurement of dairy consumption and outcomes, adjustment for potential confounders and estimates of associations was extracted.ResultsWe identified six cohort studies and eight cross‐sectional studies of dairy consumption and metabolic syndrome, including 58,444 participants, and calculated pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random‐effects model. The pooled adjusted RR of cohort studies was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68‐0.92) for the highest category of dairy consumption compared with the lowest dairy consumption category. The inverse associations did not differ substantially by geographical region and follow‐up times. No evidence of publication bias was found (Begg's and Egger's p‐values > 0.20). In the dose‐response meta‐analysis, the pooled adjusted RR for a 1 serving/day increment of dairy consumption was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80‐0.93).The pooled adjusted RR of cross‐sectional studies was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.81) for the highest category of dairy consumption compared with the lowest dairy consumption category.ConclusionOur findings suggest that greater dairy consumption is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. (NRF‐2014R1A1A1002736).
Early Growth and Dysmetabolism at 11.5 years: A Cohort Analysis of the PROBIT Study
Authors: Oken Emily , Tilling Kate , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl , Patel Rita , Thompson Jennifer , Kramer Michael , Martin Richard 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRapid infant weight gain predicts higher BMI in later life, but few studies have examined interactions with size at birth or associations with other cardiometabolic risk markers.Methods: In 13,576 Belarusian children enrolled at birth in the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, we modeled weight gain trajectories from birth to 8.5 years and at 11.5 years we measured BMI and calculated an internal metabolic risk z‐score from fasting insulin, glucose, SBP, Apo A1 and waist circumference. Using linear regression models we adjusted for parental sociodemographics and BMI, and child weight & length at prior ages.Results: Faster postnatal weight gain in all age periods was associated all markers of cardio‐metabolic risk except ApoA1, with increasingly stronger estimates at successively older ages. Associations were strongest for adiposity outcomes. Effect estimates (all expressed as kg/year) of weight gain on overall metabolic z‐score were 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.04) for 0‐3 months; 0.08 (0.06, 0.09) for 3‐12 months; 0.21 (0.18, 0.23) for 12‐34 months, and 0.31 (0.29, 0.33) for 34 months – 8.5 years.In SGA, AGA, and LGA infants growth during infancy had similar associations with outcomes, but faster weight gain after 12 months was much more strongly associated with adverse outcomes in SGA vs. LGA or AGA infants, whereas effects were similar in LGA vs. AGA children. In all 3 groups, associations with adverse outcomes were strongest for growth at older vs. younger ages.ConclusionFaster growth in later childhood predicted adverse metabolic outcomes more strongly compared with growth during infancy.
Urinary Concentrations of Phytoestrogens Are Not Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Pan An , Talaei Mohammad , Yuan Jian‐Min , Lee Bee‐Lan , Ong Choon Nam , Koh Woon‐Puay 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe evaluated the relation between urine concentrations of phytoestrogens and risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in middle‐aged and older Chinese.Methods: Urine phytoestrogen metabolites (including isoflavones and lignans) were assayed by HPLC among 564 T2D cases and 564 controls in a nested case‐control study within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Morning urine samples were collected from participants free of diagnosed diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer (1999‐2004). Incident self‐reported T2D cases were identified during the follow‐up at 2006‐2010, and controls were matched for age and date of urine collection, sex and dialect group.Results: The multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across quartiles of urine isoflavones were 1.00, 0.76 (0.52‐1.11), 0.78 (0.53‐1.14) and 0.79 (0.54‐1.15), respectively (P‐trend=0.54); and the ORs (95% CIs) for lignans were 1.00, 0.87 (0.60‐1.27), 1.10 (0.77‐1.56) and 0.93 (0.63‐1.37), respectively (P‐trend=0.93). No significant associations were found for individual metabolite of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycetin, and equol) or lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone).ConclusionsThe present study did not find a significant relation between urine concentrations of phytoestrogen metabolites andT2D risk in Chinese population.Funding sources: The study was supported by NIH R01 CA144034 and UM1 CA182876, and Singapore Tier 1 grant.
Iron Status and Mortality in Stable and Unstable Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Ling Wenhua , Li Xinrui , Ding Ding , Zhang Yuan , Su Dongfang , Wang Min , Xia Min , Qiu Jian , Hu Gang 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe sought to assess the relationship of indices of iron status and the risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods and results: The study sample included 1181 CAD patients (692 with ACS and 489 with stable CAD). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of circulating iron, ferritin and hepcidin with all‐cause and CVD mortality. After an average follow‐up of 4.1 years, 144 deaths were recorded, 108 of which were due to CVD. After adjusting for clinical CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers, ferritin and hepcidin were positively associated with CVD mortality in ACS group, hazard ratios (HR) (95% CIs) Q4 versus Q1: 4.05 (1.53‐10.7) and 2.86 (1.09‐7.48), respectively. Circulating iron showed an inverse association with CVD mortality in stable CAD group, HR (95% CI) Q4 versus Q1: 0.23 (0.08‐0.63). The discriminative abilities when including and excluding iron status into traditional clinical CVD models were 2.1% in all CAD patients, 3.1% in ACS patients, and 3.6% in stable CAD patients.ConclusionIron status was different in stable and unstable CAD patients. Circulating iron was inversely associated with the risks of mortality in stable CAD patients, while plasma ferritin and hepcidin were positively associated with mortality risks in ACS patients.
Inverse Association Between Vitamin D Status and Diabetes in a Clinic‐Based Sample of Hispanic Adults in Puerto Rico
Authors: Palacios Cristina , Ramos‐Trautmann Grisel , González Lilliana , Díaz‐Luquis Giselle , Perez Cynthia 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes has been associated with vitamin D deficiency.Objectiveexamine the association between the vitamin D status and diabetes in a clinic‐based sample of Hispanic adults in Puerto Rico.MethodsDemographics and laboratory test results for serum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) were extracted from medical records. Serum 25(OH)D levels were classified as deficient (‹12 ng/ml); inadequate (12‐20 ng/ml); insufficient (21‐29 ng/ml) and optimal (蠅30 ng/ml).ResultsFrom a total of 716 records included, 63.3% were females, mean age was 54.1±14.9 y, mean BMI was 30.1±6.3 kg/m2 and mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 24.3±8.6 ng/ml. Most were classified as diabetics (41.1%). Those with diabetes had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to pre‐diabetic and normal glucose status (p<0.05). Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated to FBG and HbA1c (p<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI and seasonality, there was a greater risk of diabetes, but not prediabetes, in those with serum 25(OH)D levels <30 ng/ml. This risk increased from 1.8 times in those with vitamin D insufficiency to 4.2 times in those with vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/ml).ConclusionDiabetes risk significantly increased as serum 25(OH)D levels decreased in this group of Hispanic adults, underscoring the importance of routinely screening high risk individuals for vitamin D deficiency and offer supplementation to normalize serum levels. Supported in part by 8G12MD007600 from NIMHHD.
Serum 25−Hydroxyvitamin D3 ((25(OH)D3) and Mammography Density Among Mexican Women
Authors: Romieu Isabelle , Amadou Amina , Rinaldi Sabina , Fedirko Veronika , Biessy Carine , Lajous Martin , Yunes Elsa , Lopez‐Ridaura Ruy , Torres Mejia Gabriela , Ortiz‐Panozo Eduardo 
Published: June 2021

Low levels of vitamin D and high mammography density (MD) have been associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Although some evidence suggested an inverse association between vitamin D intake and MD, no studies have investigated this association among women in Latin American countries. We examined whether serum 25−hydroxyvitamin D3 ((25(OH)D3) levels were related to MD in a cross‐sectional study nested within the Mexican Teacher's Cohort (ESMaestras). This study includes 491 premenopausal women. MD was assessed using a computer‐assisted method. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression was used to estimate the association of different measures of MD with serum 25(OH)D3. Median serum 25(OH)D3 level was 27.3 ± 6.93 ng/ml. 8.35% of women had 25(OH)D3 levels < 20 ng/ml. Season was associated with 25(OH)D3 (P <0.001). Preliminary analyses showed that body mass index (BMI) and total physical activity were significantly related to serum 25(OH)D3 (r = −0.109, P =0.019 and r =0.095, P=0.003, respectively). In the multivariate linear regression, no significant association was observed overall. However, in stratified analyses, higher serum 25(OH)D3 levels (蠅 27.3 ng/ml) were significant related to percent MD in non‐obese women (BMI<30) (β = −0.560, P=0.016).Our preliminary results suggest an inverse association between higher serum 25(OH)D3 levels (> median) and MD in premenopausal non‐obese women.
Hydration and Dietetic Practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Douglas Pauline , McGuffin Lynn , Fitzpatrick Laura , Ball Lauren , Crowley Jennifer , Laur Celia , Rajput‐Ray Minha , Gandy Joan , Ray Sumantra 
Published: June 2021

Hydration is essential for life but clinical guidelines on hydration are lacking. Dietitians assess, diagnose and treat nutritional problems for individuals in the UK, ideally placing them to deliver on both acute clinical and preventative aspects of hydration care. The aim of this study was to identify key topics for a training intervention to promote incorporation of hydration care into dietetic practice. A review of literature identified key topics for a cross‐sectional online survey for UK dietitians, containing 18 items on hydration knowledge (n8), attitudes (n4) and practices (n6). Ninety‐seven dietitians completed the survey which prioritised topics for an educational intervention. Knowledge questions where the majority (蠅70%) of dietitians answered correctly were; impact of dehydration on performance tasks (94%), physical signs of dehydration (92%) and the definition of dehydration (76%). More than half of dietitians answered the following knowledge questions incorrectly; European Food Safety Authority fluid requirements for adults (60%), proportion of food and fluids contributing to fluid intakes in UK (65%), water content of the human body (55%). Attitudes towards hydration were favourable (14 ±1.3 out of 16) but self‐reported practice scores identified room for improvement (15 ±2.6 out of 24). In summary, acute clinical hydration knowledge questions scored highly. Hydration knowledge in relation to the general population and personal hydration practices could be identified as key target areas for education.This research was funded by Danone Waters.
Knowledge and Behaviors Related to Current Diet and Physical Activity Guidelines and Recommendations among African American Parents of Young Children
Authors: Jazwa Amelia , Kareem Jamil , Keong Farrah , Henderson Danielle , Welsh Jean 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChild obesity has risen dramatically with minority children at greatest risk. Parents play an important role in determining what a young child eats and how physically active they are yet little is known about the extent to which parents are knowledgeable about current guidelines and recommendations. This purpose of this study was to assess the diet‐ and activity‐promoting knowledge and practices among a sample of African American parents of young children.MethodsIn summer 2014, 84 African American parents/primary caregivers (parents) of healthy children age 6 months to < 6 years were recruited from a primary care clinic waiting room and completed a 25‐item questionnaire that assessed their knowledge of evidence‐based diet and activity recommendations and their practices as they relate to their young child.ResultsThe majority of respondents (76%) were women, 87.4% low income, and 51% had received prior nutrition training (98% through WIC). One‐third knew that half of children's meals should be fruits and vegetables and 42.0% knew that at lest 50% of their child's grain‐containing foods should be whole grain. Nearly half (47%) knew that consumption of fruit juice should be limited and 62.5% knew that school‐age children should get at least 1 hour per day physical activity. 56% agreed that children often need to try a new food multiple times. 41% agreed that it was OK to make their child something else if they rejected the meal that had been served.ConclusionsThese results suggest that many African American parents of young children may lack knowledge of current child nutrition and feeding practice recommendations.
Loss of Lipoprotein Lipase Expression Reduces Circulating Monocytes and Decreases Bone Marrow Myeloid Proliferation
Authors: Chang Chuchun , Murphy Andrew , Goldberg Ira , Deckelbaum Richard 
Published: June 2021

Tissue macrophages (Mq) perpetuate pro‐inflammatory responses that promote metabolic diseases and atherogenesis. Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) is synthesized by Mq and smooth muscle cells and is also associated with endothelial cells. We have reported that dietary saturated fatty acids increased LpL with substantial amounts of LpL being Mq‐associated and heparin‐releasable in the arterial wall. We studied whether LpL expression altered the circulating levels and tissue content of monocytes (MO)/Mq. In transgenic LpL knockout mice rescued by muscle‐specific LpL expression (MCKL0 mice), loss of LpL in the arterial wall reduced the number of aortic Mq by >30% and this reduction was reversed by reconstitution with LpL‐expressing bone marrow (BM) (p<0.05). The decrease in aortic Mq in MCKL0 mice was associated with ~40% reduction in blood total leukocytes, neutrophils, and total and pro‐inflammatory MO (Gr‐1hi) (p<0.05). LpL deficiency significantly decreased BM Mq‐associated markers (F4/80 and TNF‐α), and led to a marked reduction (~50‐70%) in BM expression of transcription factors (PU.1 and C/EBPα) and colony‐stimulating factors (CSFs) and their receptors (CSF‐Rs) required for myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation (p<0.05). BM‐derived MO differentiation to Mq was markedly reduced by 40% in the absence of LpL (p<0.05). Our studies indicate that LpL plays a key role in mediating blood MO levels and MO differentiation to Mq, in part, through affecting CSFs and CSF‐Rs levels.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐HL40404 (RJD); HL450945 (IJG); T32‐DK007674 /HL007343 (CLC)
Infant Gut Microbiota Composition And Metabolism Can Be Influenced by Extensively Hydrolyzed Casein In Vitro
Authors: Gross Gabriele , de Boer Paulo , Bobeldijk‐Pastorova Ivana , Ouwens Anita , van Tol Eric , Keijser Bart 
Published: June 2021

The human gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease development. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of extensively hydrolyzed casein and hydrolysate‐containing infant formulas on infant gut microbial composition and metabolism in vitro.Specific extensively hydrolyzed casein and infant formula based thereon were pre‐digested and subsequently introduced in TNO's in vitro I‐screen colon fermentation model inoculated with feces from healthy infants. Microbiota community structure, short chain fatty acid production and proteolytic digestion of the casein hydrolysate were assessed.Overall peptide profiles of the finished formula and the hydrolysate remained unaffected by pre‐digestion. Incubation with the predigested infant formula or the specific hydrolysate influenced microbiota composition. Furthermore, butyrate production was increased as compared to control conditions. Finally, peptide and amino acid metabolism were influenced by incubation with extensively hydrolyzed casein.In conclusion, this study shows that specific extensively hydrolyzed casein and corresponding infant formula can impact microbiota composition and SCFA production in an in vitro colon fermentation model. These aspects might contribute to related beneficial health effects.The study was financially supported by Mead Johnson Nutrition.