bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cell‐free DNA accuracy as diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Caixia , Chen Chunfeng , Sadeghi Morteza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis updated meta‐analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of circulating cell‐free DNA (cf‐DNA) for prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to retrieve related studies. Several diagnostic estimates, including sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), likelihood ratios (LRs), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were also used to perform the meta‐synthesis. Additionally, the area under hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves (AU‐HSROC) was used as a global measure of test accuracy.ResultsTwenty‐nine unique articles were enrolled in the meta‐analysis. Pooled SE and SP for overall accuracy of cf‐DNA in PCa were obtained as 0.54 (95% CI: 0.47–0.61) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88–0.95), respectively. Positive LR (PLR) was 6.8 (95% CI: 4.9–9.5, I2: 92.98%) and negative LR (NLR) was 0.5 (95% CI: 0.43–0.58). Pooled DOR was 13.56 (95% CI: 9.49–19.37) and the AU‐HSROC was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86).ConclusionThe present study suggested that cf‐DNA assays have comparable SE as well as remarkably higher SP (qualitative assays) than common biomarkers in the detection of PCa like prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). In addition, cf‐DNA assays have better performance in PCa confirmation and almost similar performance to PSA in excluding PCa patients.
Estimated annual prevalence, medical service utilization and direct costs of lung cancer in urban China
Authors: Zhu Dawei , Shi Xuefeng , Nicholas Stephen , Ma Yong , He Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based policy making for delivering affordable lung cancer care relies on the breadth, depth and quality of knowledge of its treatment costs. This study estimates the annual prevalence, medical service utilization and direct treatment costs of lung cancer in urban China.Materials and MethodsUsing claim data from China's urban basic medical insurance between 2013 and 2016, we constructed a nationally representative sample of lung cancer patients in urban China. Weighted descriptive analyses, Poisson regressions and generalized linear modelling were used to analyse lung cancer medical service utilization and costs and their associations with patient characteristics.ResultsIn urban China, the annual prevalence of lung cancer was 87.65/100000, with nearly 0.65% of total health expenditures of urban residents spent on lung cancer treatments. Weighted average annual total medical costs of lung cancer was RMB33.78 (US$5.36) thousand, with annual out‐of‐pocket costs of RMB10.26 (US$1.63) thousand. The average yearly number of lung cancer‐related outpatient visits was 2.42 and inpatient admissions was 2.07, with an average cost of RMB0.75 (US$0.12) thousand for outpatients and RMB 15.67 (US$2.49) thousand for inpatients. Inpatient expenses were the major component (95%) of lung cancer medical costs, with roughly 67% of inpatient services occurring in high‐level tertiary hospitals. Medical care utilization and direct medical costs were associated with sex, age and insurance status. Western medicine costs were the major contributor (39.4%) to average lung cancer‐related medical costs.ConclusionLung cancer imposed a significant economic burden on China's health system and a financial cost on lung cancer sufferers and their families. Specific policies are required to efficiently allocate health resources, contain health expenditure and decrease the individual financial burden of lung cancer.
Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Decorated with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Efficient Earth‐Abundant Zinc‐Air Battery Catalysts
Authors: He Yingjie , Aasen Drew , McDougall Alexandra , Yu Haoyang , Labbe Matthew , Ni Chuyi , Milliken Sarah , Ivey Douglas G. , Veinot Jonathan G. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the research teams of Jonathan G. C. Veinot and Douglas G. Ivey at the University of Alberta (Canada). The cover picture provides an artistic representation of a new class of bifunctional Zn‐air battery catalysts consisting of hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres decorated with various precious‐metal‐free transition‐metal oxide nanoparticles. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202001526.
Clinicopathological characteristics of Epstein–Barr virus and microsatellite instability subtypes of early gastric neoplasms classified by the Japanese and the World Health Organization criteria
Authors: Tanabe Hiroki , Mizukami Yusuke , Takei Hidehiro , Tamamura Nobue , Omura Yuhi , Kobayashi Yu , Murakami Yuki , Kunogi Takehito , Sasaki Takahiro , Takahashi Keitaro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Yuzawa Sayaka , Hasegawa Kimiharu , Sumi Yasuo , Tanino Mishie , Fujiya Mikihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGastric cancer is a heterogenous disease with different phenotypes, genotypes, and clinical outcomes, including sensitivity to treatments and prognoses. Recent medical advances have enabled the classification of this heterogenous disease into several groups and the consequent analysis of their clinicopathological characteristics. Gastric cancer associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and microsatellite‐unstable tumors are considered to be the two major subtypes as they are clearly defined by well‐established methodologies, such as in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction‐based analyses, respectively. However, discrepancies in the histological diagnosis of gastric neoplasms remain problematic, and international harmonization should be performed to improve our understanding of gastric carcinogenesis. We re‐evaluated Japanese cases of early gastric cancer according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and classified them into genomic subtypes based on microsatellite instability (MSI) and EBV positivity to determine the initial genetic events in gastric carcinogenesis. A total of 113 Japanese early gastric cancers (including low‐ and high‐grade dysplasias) treated with endoscopic resection over 5 years were archived in our hospital. A histological re‐evaluation according to the WHO criteria revealed 54 adenocarcinomas, which were divided into 6 EBV‐positive (11.1%), 7 MSI‐high (MSI‐H, 13.0%), and 41 microsatellite stable cases (75.9%). MSI‐H adenocarcinoma was confirmed by an immunohistochemistry assay of mismatch repair proteins. Programmed death‐ligand 1 immunostaining with two antibodies (E1L3N and SP263) was positive in tumor cells of one MSI‐H adenocarcinoma case (1/7, 14.3%). The proportion of stained cells was higher with clone SP263 than with E1L3N. Histologically, EBV‐positive carcinomas were poorly differentiated (83.8%), and MSI‐H cancers were frequent in well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (85.7%), indicating that the EBV‐positive subtype presented with high‐grade morphology even when an early lesion. Our study indicates that the WHO criteria are useful for subdividing Japanese early gastric cancers, and this subdivision may be useful for comparative analysis of precursor lesions and early carcinoma.
Effects of Ionic Liquids on the Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Density Functional Theory Study**
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Li Xue , Yao Xiaoqian , Zhao Weizhen , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, hydrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) and their applications are one of the emerging research topics in the field of catalysis. Previous studies have shown that the thermodynamics of this reaction is determined by electronic structures of FLPs and solvents. Herein, we investigated systems consisting of typical FLPs and ionic liquids (ILs), which are well known by their large number of types and excellent solvent effects. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the thermodynamics for H2 activation by both inter‐ and intra‐molecular FLPs, as well as the individual components. The results show that the computed overall Gibbs free energies in ILs are more negative than that computed in toluene. Through the thermodynamics partitioning, we find that ILs favor the H−H cleavage elemental step over the elemental steps of proton attachment, hydride attachment and zwitterionic stabilization. Moreover, the results show that these effects are strongly dependent on the type of FLPs, where intra‐molecular FLPs are more affected compared to the inter‐molecular FLPs.
Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in cerebrospinal fluid: A case report
Authors: Yan Muxia , Wu Ying , Xia Jianqing , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Yiqian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) originates from a differentiation block in muscle progenitors. Leptomeningeal metastasis is a rare but devastating complication of RMS which can be caused by dissemination of cancer cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we present a 4‐year‐old female with RMS originating from the upper nasal wall. The following histologic and immunohistochemistry analyses combined with molecular testing analysis supported the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). Results from CSF routine test, magnetic resonance imaging scans and CSF cytology indicated metastatic meningitis, thus confirming the diagnosis of metastatic ERMS in CSF. This is the first report to describe the clinical features of ERMS in CSF.
Theory of mind processing in expectant fathers: Associations with prenatal oxytocin and parental attunement
Authors: Cardenas Sofia I. , Stoycos Sarah A. , Sellery Pia , Marshall Narcis , Khoddam Hannah , Kaplan Jonas , Goldenberg Diane , Saxbe Darby E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial cognition may facilitate fathers' sensitive caregiving behavior. We administered the Why‐How Task, an fMRI task that elicits theory of mind processing, to expectant fathers (n = 39) who also visited the laboratory during their partner's pregnancy and provided a plasma sample for oxytocin assay. Three months postpartum, fathers reported their beliefs about parenting. When rating “Why” an action was being performed versus “How” the action was being performed (Why > How contrast), participants showed activation in regions theorized to support theory of mind, including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal sulcus. Fathers' prenatal oxytocin levels predicted greater signal change during the Why > How contrast in the inferior parietal lobule. Both prenatal oxytocin and attunement parenting beliefs were associated with Why > How activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a theory of mind region implicated in emotion regulation. Posterior parahippocampal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during the Why > How contrast predicted fathers' attunement parenting beliefs. In conclusion, fathers' neural activation when engaging in a theory of mind task was associated with their prenatal oxytocin levels and their postpartum attunement parenting beliefs. Results suggest biological and cognitive components of fathering may track with the theory of mind processing.
Peripheral immune correlates of childhood and adolescent peer relationships: A systematic review
Authors: Scott Samantha R. , Manczak Erika M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this review was to comprehensively evaluate the literature investigating associations between peripheral immune correlates and youth peer relationship dimensions. We aimed to identify potential aspects of peer relationships in childhood and adolescence that may be associated with immune profiles and to identify gaps in the field to provide suggestions for future research in this area. We conducted a systematic electronic search in health‐related databases from the earliest records to December 2020. Search terms included domains related to youth, immune correlates, and peers. We summarized studies by the time between the peer measurement and the immune outcome. In the 17 included studies, associations between peer dimensions and immune outcomes varied substantially. Peer victimization in youth demonstrated the most consistent negative associations with immune health across development, including within 1 week of measurement, 1–3 years later, and 10 or more years later. This review indicated that that peer relationships during youth may have important associations with immune processes; however, there are several gaps in the literature regarding the operationalization of peer relationships, the timing of the immune measurement, and the type of immune outcome to be addressed by future research.
Burning Rate Performance Study of Ammonium Perchlorate Catalyzed by Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes with Pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline‐Based Ligands
Authors: Escobar Manuel A. , Morales‐Verdejo Cesar , Arroyo Juan Luis , Dreyse Paulina , González Iván , Brito Iván , MacLeod‐Carey Desmond , Moreno da Costa David , Cabrera Alan R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis contribution describes the catalytic effect of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes with pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline‐based ligands (C1‐7) on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The complexes C2 and C4‐7 were synthesized and characterized by NMR, HRMS and, in the case of C7, by X‐ray diffraction. The burning rate performance of C1‐7 on thermal decomposition of AP was studied by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The effect of the counter ion type, the number of metal centers and ligand substitution was evaluated. These AP+complex mixtures exerted a shift to lower ignition temperatures and an increase in the released heats during thermal decomposition compared with pure AP. The compound C4 showed the higher catalytic effect among the complexes series, and C5 exerted the highest energy release, in contrast to the other evaluated complexes and to the reported compounds CuO, [Cu2(en)2(HBTI)2]2 and Catocene.
Trust: The Need for Public Understanding of How Science Works
Authors: Solomon Miriam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGeneral science literacy contributes to good public decision‐making about technology and medicine. This essay explores the kinds of science literacy currently developed by public education in the United States of America. It argues that current curricula on “science as inquiry” (formerly the “nature of science”) need to be brought up to date with the inclusion of discussion of social epistemological concepts such as trust and scientific authority, scientific disagreement versus science denialism, the role of ideology and bias in scientific research, and the importance of peer review and responsiveness to criticism.
Predictors and reasons for quitting smoking in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
Authors: Thomas David P. , Panaretto Kathryn S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssue addressedNational smoking prevalence is decreasing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. In remote areas, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking prevalence remains higher than in nonremote areas and is not improving.MethodsWe analysed data from 539 daily and weekly smokers from remote areas who completed baseline surveys at either Wave 1 (April 2012‐October 2013) or Wave 2 (August 2013‐August 2014), including 157 from Wave 1 who also completed Wave 2, from the Talking About The Smokes project. We assessed associations between baseline predictor measures and having made any quit attempt in the past year and, among those who did, having sustained the last quit attempt for one month or more.ResultsMore smokers had made a quit attempt if they were younger or reported being unable to buy essentials due to money spent on smokes, being more stressed, having several pro‐quitting motivations and attitudes, having an effective smoke‐free home, or being encouraged to quit by a health professional or by family/friends. Of these, more had sustained their last quit attempt for one month or more if they reported being more socially advantaged, no smoking‐induced deprivation, being less dependent, chewing pituri or an having effective smoke‐free home.ConclusionsHealth staff should consider the quite different factors associated with starting and then sustaining a quit attempt.So what?Our findings support continued attention in remote areas on smoke‐free homes and health staff providing regular encouragement to all smokers to quit and more use of smokers' friends and family for support.
Reorganization of corporate groups in Brazil: Substantive consolidation and the limited liability tale
Authors: Neder Cerezetti Sheila C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe article analyses the use of substantive consolidation in view of the meaning of limited liability in Brazil and explores the proposition that such a solution to corporate distress should only exceptionally be imposed on creditors. In light of Brazilian corporate law, a court should only order substantive consolidation if continuous dishonest use of legal personality had occurred before the debtors filed for reorganization. The author further questions if such a proposition is adequate or if substantive consolidation must gain new colors in a corporate system such as the Brazilian one, in which (a) ex ante the legal system does not sustain limitation of liability of the business corporation in face of a wide number of claims, and (b) group entities are frequently not managed as separate and independent companies. The author concludes by reaffirming the importance of using substantive consolidation more strictly, rather than as a one‐size‐fits‐all solution.
DHS‐CapsNet: Dual horizontal squash capsule networks for lung and colon cancer classification from whole slide histopathological images
Authors: Adu Kwabena , Yu Yongbin , Cai Jingye , Owusu‐Agyemang Kwabena , Twumasi Baidenger Agyekum , Wang Xiangxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new dual horizontal squash capsule network (DHS‐CapsNet) to classify the lung and colon cancers on histopathological images. DHS‐CapsNet is made up of encoder feature fusion (EFF) and a novel horizontal squash (HSquash) function. The EFF aggregates the extracted feature from the 2‐lane convolutional layers, which provides rich information for better accuracy. HSquash is proposed as a squash function to ensure that vectors are effectively squashed and produces sparsity for a high discriminative capsule to extract important information from images with varied backgrounds. To present the effectiveness of DHS‐CapsNet empirically, we applied this method on histopathological images (LC25000 dataset). We achieved better results of 99.23% compared to traditional CapsNet (85.55%). The DHS‐CapsNet provides the top‐1 classification error of 0.77% compared to 14.45% of the traditional CapsNet. Our results illustrate that our method improves CapsNet and can be adopted as a computer‐aided diagnostic method to support doctors in lung and colon cancer diagnostics.
Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Navaneethakrishnan , Fakhro Khalid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMutations in the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 are the major concern as they might lead to drug/vaccine resistance. In the host cell, the virus largely depends on the main protease (Mpro) to regulate infection hence it is one of the most attractive targets for inhibitor design. However, >19,000 mutations in the Mpro have already been reported. The mutations encompassing 282 amino acid positions and these “hotspots” might change the Mpro structure, activity and potentially delay therapeutic strategies targeting Mpro. Thus, here we identified 24 mutational “coldspots” where mutations have not been observed. We compared the structure–function relationship of these coldspots with several SARS‐CoV2 Mpro X‐ray crystal structures. We found that three coldspot residues (Leu141, Phe185, and Gln192) help to form the active site, while seven (Gly2, Arg4, Tyr126, Lys137, Leu141, Leu286, and Leu287) contribute to dimer formation that is required for Mpro activity. The surface of the dimer interface is more resistant to mutations compared to the active site. Interestingly, most of the coldspots are found in three clusters and forms conserved patterns when compared with other coronaviruses. Importantly, several conserved coldspots are available on the surface of the active site and at the dimer interface for targeting. The identification and short list of these coldspots offers a new perspective to target the SARS‐CoV2 Mpro while avoiding mutation‐based drug resistance.
Amino acid systems in the interpeduncular nucleus are altered in a sex‐dependent manner during nicotine withdrawal
Authors: Carcoba Luis M. , Uribe Kevin P. , Ortegon Sebastian , Mendez Ian A. , DeBiasi Mariella , O'Dell Laura E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior work in male rodents established that the medial habenula‐interpeduncular nucleus (MHb‐IPN) pathway modulates nicotine withdrawal. Specifically, withdrawal severity has been closely associated with inhibitory tone in the IPN via interneurons that release γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). Inhibitory tone in the IPN is regulated by projections from the MHb that co‐release glutamate and acetylcholine. Within the IPN, inhibitory tone is also regulated via corticotropin‐releasing factor type 1 (CRF1) receptors that control GABA release from local interneurons. This study extends previous work by comparing sex differences in GABA, glutamate, as well serotonin levels in the IPN during precipitated nicotine withdrawal. Sex differences in withdrawal‐induced neurochemical effects were also compared following systemic administration of a CRF1 receptor antagonist. The results revealed that there were no group differences in serotonin levels in the IPN. A major finding was that females displayed a larger withdrawal‐induced increases in GABA levels in the IPN than males. Also, withdrawal increased IPN glutamate levels in a similar manner in females and males. Blockade of CRF1 receptors produced a larger suppression of the withdrawal‐induced increases in GABA levels in the IPN of females versus males, an effect that was likely related to the robust increase in glutamate following administration of the CRF1 receptor antagonist in females. These data suggest that amino acid systems in the IPN modulate sex differences in the behavioral effects of nicotine withdrawal. Furthermore, our data imply that medications that target stress‐induced activation of the IPN may reduce withdrawal severity, particularly in females.