bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Psychologists and Child Psychiatrists: Birds of a Different Feather
Authors: Aylward Glen P. 
Published: December 2021

Pierog and Hill's letter1 underscores the value of involving a pediatric psychologist in a pediatric residency program. Although I agree with their cònclusions, I feel that their apparent emphasis on substituting a pediatric psychologist for a child psychiatrist may leave the wrong general impression. I would therefore like to suggest why pediatric psychologists, on their own merit, should be involved in pediatric residency programs.
As these authors state, in addition to physical ailments, a pediatric practice typically includes behavioral, social, and developmental problems.
CT Scans, Ultrasound, and Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Volpe Joseph J. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the article by Silverboard et al, "Comparison of Lumbar Puncture with Computed Tomography Scan as an Indicator of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Preterm Infant."1 Although the report provides interesting and useful information, I believe that the authors' conclusions might be misinterpreted. I write to offer a few comments.
The authors' stated purpose was "to evaluate the reliability of lumbar puncture in comparison with [computed tomography] CT scan in the diagnosis of [subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage] SEH/IVH."1
Neo-Mull-Soy's Deficiencies
Authors: Hollis Robert E. 
Published: December 2021

The article on the metabolic effect of the Neo-Mull-Soy type formula by Grossman, et al1 seems to focus on an element of the problem that explains very little. The formula provides a low sodium alkaline load diet and should be recognized as such.
If Cl- is deficient, so are Na+ and/or K+, unless there are other anions present. As stated, Cl- is neither an acid (proton donor) nor a base (proton acceptor). Consideration should be focused on the more important anions that are proton acceptors or donors, depending upon the H+ concentration.2
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Keller Margaret A. 
Published: December 2021

Our study of 100 patients with clinical pertussis1 included seven infants less than 3 months of age. Of these seven infants, six had positive nasopharyngeal cultures for Bordetella pertussis. Cultures for chlamydiae were not done in our 1970-1973 study.
The infant described by Garty et al had a markedly elevated white cell count (32,500/cu mm with 68% mononuclear cells) which has not been associated with chlamydial infection2,3 but is typical of infection with B pertussis
THOMAS JEFFERSON WRITES TO HIS 11-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER ON THE SUBJECT OF DRESS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Martha, Jefferson's oldest daughter, who was born on September 27, 1772, was temporarily placed under the care of relatives after her mother's death on September 6, 1782. A year later her father sent her this letter advising her "on the subject of dress."
Annapolis, Dec 22, 1783
... I omitted ... to advise you on the subject of dress, which I know you are a little apt to neglect. I do not wish you to be gaily clothed at this time of life, but what you wear should be fine of its kind. But above all things and at all times let your clothes be clean, whole, and properly put on. Do not fancy you must wear them till the dirt is visible to the eye. You will be the last who is sensible of this. Some ladies think they may, under the privileges of the dishabillé, be loose and negligent of their dress in the morning. But be you, from the moment you rise till you go to bed, as cleanly and properly dressed as at the hours of dinner or tea. A lady who has been seen as a sloven or a slut in the morning, will never efface the impression she has made, with all the dress and pageantry she can afterwards involve herself in. Nothing is so disgusting to our sex as a want of cleanliness and delicacy in yours. I hope, therefore, the moment you rise from bed, your first work will be to dress yourself in such style, as that you may be seen by any gentleman without his being able to discover a pin amiss, or any other circumstance of neatness wanting ....
THE VOICE OF ONE CHILD TOO MANY
Authors: Johnson Charles Felzen 
Published: December 2021

She took her tiny hand from her swollen mouth only once, to slowly indicate her age with three trembling fingers.
One finger was swollen and painful.
Then her expressionless face turned away, bruised side up, and she lapsed into herself again.
No sounds were uttered as I gently mapped the yellow, brown and blue patches which covered her body.
A brutal camouflage hiding the greater distress which lay inside.
Inside a tangle of scars, confusion, fear.
Inside this delicate child whose mother could not, or did not protect her.
From him?
Or was he a diversion, from her?
Was he really the perpetrator of the repeated physical and sexual attacks?
If so, why did she not protect?
Mothers are supposed to protect or call for help?
Mothers are supposed to help.
"They would take my children away if I reported the incidents" she defended.
"I need my children", she importuned.
"Please help me".
The nurse, usually a cool model of composure left before the tears completely dissolved her facade.
It was painful to see the child, to hear the story.
For a moment the rest of us stood silent and vacuous.
The quiet child recoiled from my touch good bye.
No Trust.
No Love.
No Tomorrow?
We slowly trailed out of the room in disbelief; (in frustration) in anguish.
As we closed the door I distinctly hear a small voice inside say "Please help me."
The voice is still echoing in my mind.
The voice of one child too many.
JEREMY BENTHAM'S LIST OF DATA NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN (1797)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), English philosopher, jurist, political theorist, and founder of the doctrine of utilitarianism, was also influential in the field of medical theory and practice.
Spector1 has called attention to the following data set down by Bentham more than a century and a half before the emergence of modern interest in child development. This list shows Bentham's prescience in conceptualizing the data that would need to be collected before one could properly understand the temporal steps in a child's development.
1. Advances independent of instruction:
First indication of fear, smiling, recognizing persons
Indication of a preference for a particular person
Indication of a dislike for a particular person
Attention to musical sounds
Appearance of first tooth
Appearance of each of the successive teeth; duration and degree of pain and illness in cutting teeth
Giving toys or food to others
Attempt to imitate sound laughter
General progress in bodily or intellectual requirements whether uniform or by sudden degree
2. Advances dependent upon instruction:
Standing, supported by one arm
Standing, supporting itself by resting the hands
Token of obedience to will of others
Command of natural evacuation
Walking, supporting itself by chairs
Standing alone
Walking alone
Pointing out the seat of pain.
Newborn Screening for Urea Cycle Disorders
Authors: Naylor Edwin W. 
Published: December 2021

Mass screening of newborn infants for inherited metabolic disorders began in the early 1960s with the development of the Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay for the detection of phenylketonuria (PKU).117 This simple assay utilizing dried filter paper blood specimens collected by heel prick from newborn infants has resulted in mass screening for PKU throughout most of the world. The field of newborn screening, however, has not remained limited to search for patients with PKU. It has evolved into an exciting area of preventive medicine which has seen the introduction of additional bacterial inhibition assays for other inborn errors of metabolism,118-120 automation of the screening laboratories,121 and multistate regionalization of screening programs.122 This field has also seen the introduction of other specimens for mass screening including the use of cord blood, follow-up blood specimens,122 and urine specimens collected on filter paper.123,124 In order to obtain an optimum number of specimens, the multitest laboratory might be a centralized laboratory serving a single large state or a regional laboratory serving a newborn population of several smaller states.125
APPROACHES TO UREA CYCLE SCREENING
In the development of any screening test, there are a number of different parameters that may be examined. An investigator may choose to develop a simple screening test which measures the presence or absence of an enzyme or he may choose one which measures the accumulation of a substrate or secondary metabolic product. In the case of urea cycle disorders, there are a number of important markers that can be used as the basis for developing simple screening tests.
New Formula Confuses Old Test
Authors: Wickham Lawrence K. , Smith Franklin R. , Baden Melvin 
Published: December 2021

We recently cared for a premature infant with suspected chylothorax in whom the diagnosis was delayed presumably because our feeding protocol utilized a prescribed 24 calorie premature formula (Similac Special Care Formula, Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH).
Our patient, a 1.25-kg, 28-week gestation male, was the second born of twins to a gravida 2, para 1, Abortus 0, O+, serology negative mother. The infant's Apgar scores were 7 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively.
ON THE LIBERAL USE OF ALCOHOL IN THE TREATMENT OF THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1890)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

At the 1890 meeting of the American Pediatric Society several of the founding members of the Society, in their discussion of a formal paper on the use of alcohol in the treatment of ill children, favored its liberal use, even for small infants.
For example, L. Emmett Holt (1854-1924) commented:1
I am almost afraid to mention the amount of alcohol which I have given some young children. Recently I treated a baby two months old, weighing about seven pounds, for a severe broncho-pneumonia. The child took for twenty-four hours a teaspoonful of whiskey every half-hour, and for the two succeeding days almost as much. To a boy sixteen months old at the Infant Asylum, who had first pneumonia, followed by pleurisy with effusion, and then diphtheria, all in the course of a few weeks, with complete recovery, we gave half a pint of whiskey a day for several days; this, too, without producing any cerebral symptoms, although they were carefully watched for. It seems to me, therefore, that we should be guided in dosage by the effect produced, and not by any preconceived idea as to how much the child ought to have.
Victor C. Vaughan (1851-1929), of Ann Arbor, Michigan, also supported Holt's view of the therapeutic value of alcohol, especially in diphtheria and typhoid fever.
He noted1:
In the treatment of mild cases of diphtheria, and more expecially in the typhoid fever of children, there has been no other remedy at my command so good as alcohol. In the typhoid fever of children the temperature often runs up as high as 105° to 106° F.
X-Linked Mental Retardation and the Fragile-X Syndrome
Authors: Gerald Park S. 
Published: December 2021

A recent issue of a human genetics journal (American Journal of Medical Genetics) devotes nearly 100 pages to nine different presentations on X- linked mental retardation. This expression of tremendous interest stems primarily from a cytogenetic finding that appears to define a new cause of mental retardation (MR), which is generally referred to as the fragile-X syndrome. The accumulated information concerning this syndrome indicates that it is one of the most frequent of the diagnosable forms of MR. For this reason, every physician, and especially every pediatrician, should become thoroughly acquainted with the fragile-X syndrome.
Inasmuch as it is unusual for new syndromes of significant frequency to be discovered, a brief account of how this was achieved is in order.
Intercountry Adoption
Authors: Sherry S. Norman , Riecke William C. , Sokoloff Burton , Sterne George G. , Wagner Virginia 
Published: December 2021

Intercountry adoption is the adoption of a child native to one country by citizens and/or residents of another country and the subsequent removal of the child from his native country to the second country. The Adoption and Dependent Care Committee recognizes that such procedures are fraught with problems for the countries involved and for the members of the traditional adoption triad–adoptee, birth parents, and adoptive parents. The motivation of adoptive parents, the country of origin, and the country of destination have all been challenged.
The motivation of parents seeking to adopt children from other countries should be examined, as should the motivation of any prospective adoptive parents. Specific attention should be paid to those who see such adoptions as expiation for perceived sins committed against the child's native country. Although such reasoning may sound admirable, it does not provide a sound foundation for beginning a parent-child relationship.
The Committee supports efforts to improve the situations of all children: that is, each child should have a permanent nurturing home and a family, preferably his biologic family in his native country. International assistance should first support services that strengthen the biologic family and child welfare services within the native country. In addition to this assistance, there are occasions in which the interest of the child may be met by intercountry adoption.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Many factors have contributed to the increasing number of intercountry adoptions by natives of the United States (current rate is approximately 6,000 per year). In the United States, the declining birth rate and the increasing tendency of unmarried mothers to keep their infants rather than giving them up for adoption, have led to shortages of healthy infants for prospective adoptive parents.
Salicylate and Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Pascoe John M. 
Published: December 2021

Starko et at1 have written an interesting paper, their observations concerning the interaction of fever, viral illness, and salicylates in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome appear plausible. However, their data do not unequivocally support their conclusion "salicylate causes Reye's syndrome."
Although the authors are investigating the suspected cause of a disease, they chose their subjects based on the presence (case) or absence (control) of disease. This case-control design "is crude and widely used only because studies are feasible and can be carried out swiftly."
ANTHONY TROLLOPE ON THE EATING HABITS OF YOUNG AMERICAN CHILDREN (1864)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Anthony Trollope (1815-1882), the English novelist, like his mother had thirty years earlier, wrote a travel book describing his impressions of American life and costumes during his visit to North America between 1861 and 1862.
His description of the eating habits of three- or four-year-old American children in the 1860s will surprise parents of the 1980s.
And then the children—babies I should say, if I were speaking of English bairns of their age; but, seeing that they are Americans, I hardly dare to call them children. The actual age of these perfectly civilized and highly educated beings may be from three to four. One will often see five or six such seated at the long dinner table of the hotel, breakfasting and dining with their elders, and going through the ceremony with all the gravity and more than all the decorum of their grandfathers. When I was three years old, I had not yet, as I imagine, been promoted beyond a silver spoon of my own, wherewith to eat my bread and milk in the nursery; and I feel assured that I was under the immediate care of a nursemaid, as I gobbled up my minced mutton mixed with potatoes and gravy.
But at hotel life in the States, the adult infant lisps to the waiter for everything at table, handles his fish with epicurean delicacy, is choice in his selection of pickles, very particular that his beefsteak at breakfast shall be hot, and is instant in his demand for fresh ice in his water.
Insect Sting Treatment
Authors: Fikar Charles R. 
Published: December 2021

Hymenoptera stings can be quite discomforting and as mentioned by Yunginger (Pediatrics 67:325, 1981), ice compresses and time are an accepted form of therapy. I would like to discuss briefly two additional forms of treatment that may prove to be even more effective in certain instances.
Personal and anecdotal experience, as well as a textbook of emergency pediatrics,1 suggest that the topical application of papain in the form of unseasoned meat tenderizer can relieve much of the discomfort of an insect sting, particularly when applied immediately.
Air in the Ductus?
Authors: Calmes S. H. 
Published: December 2021

The article "Paraplegia Due to Peripheral Venous Air Embolus in a Neonate: A Case Report" (Pediatrics 67:472, 1981) needs further discussion.
Although it is possible that the foramen ovale (FO) was the site of cross-over of air from venous to arterial circuits, it is equally possible that the ductus was the shunt site in this 24-hour-old infant. The ductus is usually functionally closed by age 24 hours but is capable of reopening in response to hypoxia.
THE FIRST PUBLISHED MORTALITY TABLE OF AMERICAN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE (1842)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Mortality data for American children under five years of age, prior to the middle part of the last century, were rarely reported in anything resembling a statistical presentation.
See Table in the PDF File
The first to publish such data was Robert M. Hartley (1796-1881) in his Essay on Milk (Figure shows mortality table).1 His mortality figures were from Boston between the years 1811 to 1839.
MARGARET FULLER, A NINETEENTH CENTURY AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALIST AND FEMINIST, ON CHILDREN'S BOOKS (1845)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Margaret Fuller (1810-1850), friend and intellectual equal of Thoreau, Emerson, Hawthorne, and Bronson Alcott, was one of the very few writers of her time to show an interest in the content of children's books.
In an article published in the New-York Daily Tribune of February 5, 1845 she wrote1:
There is no branch of literature that better deserves cultivation, and none that so little obtains it from worthy hands as this of Children's books. It requires a peculiar development of the genius and sympathies, rare among the men of factitious life, who are not men enough to revive, with force and beauty, the thoughts and scenes of childhood....
There is too much among us of the French way of palming off false accounts of things on children to do them good, and showing nature to them in a magic lantern, "purified for the use of childhood," and telling stories of good little girls, and sweet little girls, or brave little boys; oh! all so good! or so bad! and, above all, so little, and every thing about them so little!—Children, accustomed to move in full-sized apartments, and converse with full-grown men and women, do not need so much of this baby-house style in their literature. They like, or would like, if they could get them, better things much better. They like the "Arabian Nights," and "Pilgrim's Progress," and "Bunyan's Emblems," and Shakespeare, and the "Iliad" and "Odyssey"; at least, they used to like them; and, if they do not now, it is because their taste has been injured by so many sugar-plums.
Don't Be Fatalistic
Authors: Marks Dennis N. 
Published: December 2021

Dr Duff's article has prompted these comments from a pediatrician who has viewed these issues from a different perspective and chosen another role in response to the challenges.
In 1965 we founded the Laurel Hills Developmental Living Center, Inc, which has grown to provide residential and nursing services to 114 people from 5 to 75 years of age. The programs at Laurel Hills have shown tremendous improvement over the years in spite of restrictive governmental fiscal policies.
Evaluation of the Minolta Bilirubin Meter as a Screening Device in White and Black Infants
Authors: Hannemann Robert E. , Schreiner Richard L. , DeWitt David P. , Norris Steven A. , Glick Melvin R. 
Published: December 2021

The only currently available method for the determination of the serum bilirubin concentration is blood sampling followed by analysis in the laboratory. Yamanouchi et al1 have presented data concerning a two-wavelength (460, 555 nm) transcutaneous bilirubin meter (Minolta Camera Company, Ltd). They found a significant correlation with serum bilirubin concentrations of 0 to 20 mg/100 ml in full-term Oriental infants. However, there are no published data concerning the use of the instrument in white or black full-term or premature infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Minolta transcutaneous bilirubin meter in these populations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During a two-month period, measurements were taken with the Minolta transcutaneous bilirubin meter on any infant for whom a serum bilirubin determination had been ordered.
Fragile Sites on Chromosomes
Authors: Hecht Frederick , Glover Thomas W. , Kaiser-Hecht Barbara 
Published: December 2021

A fragile site on the X chromosome is associated with a common form of mental retardation in males and a proportion of females.1-3 This association was not fully appreciated when the fragile site on the X was first described in 1969,4 but it is crystal-clear today.
Chromosome fragility can be random, as in Fanconi anemia, Bloom syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia, the chromosome instability syndromes.5 Breaks and rearrangements of chromosomes are seen in these disorders, all of which are autosomal recessive conditions predisposing to cancer.
Fragile sites are special spots in the genome where gaps and breaks occur nonrandomly. The balance of the chromosome complement is normal.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Papageorgiou A. N. , Colle E. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate the opportunity of seeing the interesting data of Hutchinson et al which suggest an association between the incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IDRS) and maternal urinary estriol excretion. We offer the following comments on their data:
1. Of the 101 infants studied, 51% were born to mothers having urinary E3 in the lowest tenth percentile for gestational age. The group under study is, therefore, highly selected.
2. Likewise, the overall incidence of IDRS is high (39%) especially when one considers that infants of up to 36 weeks of gestation are included in the sample.
SLAVE TORCH—infectious Agents for Hepatitis in Infants
Authors: Naveh Yehezkel 
Published: December 2021

Despite the fact that there are more infectious agents causing the hepatitis syndrome in infants than are specified by the well-known term "TORCH," pediatricians are still satisfied with this term. We suggest using the more appropriate "SLAVE TORCH"1 which encompasses all the infectious agents implicated in this syndrome:
S Syphilis; septicemia
L Listeria
A Australia Ag & Ab; adenovirus
V Varicella zoster; vaccinia
E Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
T Toxoplasma
O Others like urinary tract infection
R Rubella
C Cytomegalovirus; Coxsackie B virus
H Herpesvirus simplex
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Ernhart Claire B. , Landa Beth , Schell Norman B. 
Published: December 2021

First, we must point out and apologize for a clerical error in our report.1 In table 2, the correlation between Parent IQ and Dentine lead level should be -.34§, not .34§.
We appreciate the points made by Spector and Brown and regret that we failed to include or emphasize sufficiently in our report some details that would have averted some of their concerns.
The outcome (school age) data sets were analyzed twice by Hotteling's T2 test with the results shown in table 3.