bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of the radioresistant phenotype in H1299 cells: SLC2A1 as a radiosensitivity marker
Authors: Xie Xiaoling , Li Yang , Liu Zhiwu , Tang Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy is a main method for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, radiation resistance of tumor cells is the main reason for poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to screen the differentially expressed protein (DEP), and its key protein related to radiation resistance in photon-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299. Methods: In this study, we investigated the cell viability and colony formation were examined to evaluate the potent proliferation-inhibiting effect of photo therapy on the H1299 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Further we selected the appropriate irradiation dose after photon irradiation of radioresistant cell H1299 for screening and validation of radioresistance-related DEPs by proteomic analysis. Furthermore, we also studied the SLC2A1 and irradiation sensitivity potential. Results: The results showed a dose‑dependent decrease of viable cell percentage following high dose of exposure (at dose of 8 and 10 Gy), and a prolonged the prolongation of H1299 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis. Proteomic analysis using iTRAQ revealed a total of 46 DEPs were identified including 30 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated DEPs in inhibition. Western blotting validated the respective changes in protein expression. DEPs were significantly associated with five-year survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, after knocking down SLC2A1, it was found that 4Gy radiation could significantly inhibit the proliferation of H1299 cells and regulate G2 phase arrest of cell cycle by down-regulating Cdk2. Conclusions: These findings suggest the ITGA6,EIF4G1 and SLC2A1 protein is closely related to radiation resistance of lung adenocarcinoma, and SLC2A1 expression is significantly related to patient survival, so it can increase the sensitivity of H1299 cells to photon rays.
Macroporous cellulose/carbon nanotube microspheres prepared by surfactant micelles swelling strategy for rapid and high-capacity adsorption of bilirubin
Authors: Qiao Liangzhi , Du Kaifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It remains a formidable challenge to construct high-performance haemoperfusion adsorbents with fast adsorption kinetic and high adsorption capacity for efficiently removing bilirubin from human blood. In this work, we report a facile yet efficient strategy to manufacture lysine-modified macroporous cellulose/carbon nanotube microspheres (LMCMs) by surfactant micelles swelling strategy followed by modification with lysine. The macroporous structure not only provides wide channels for fast mass transfer, but also shortens the diffusion path into meso/micropores, increasing the accessibility of mesopores and micropores. The experimental results reveal that LMCMs can remove bilirubin with fast adsorption kinetic (> 90% of its equilibrium uptake within 2h) and high adsorption capacity of 338.14 mg/g. More importantly, the adsorbent can remove about 79% of bilirubin in rabbit serum, and the bilirubin concentration decreases from 213.36 mg/L to small than 45.78 mg/L within 2h, indicating a very appealing application prospect.
No signs of neuroinflammation in women with chronic fatigue syndrome or Q fever fatigue syndrome using the TSPO ligand [11C]-PK11195
Authors: Raijmakers Ruud , Roerink Megan E. , Keijmel Stephan P. , Joosten Leo A.B. , Netea Mihai G. , Meer Jos W.M. van der , Knoop Hans , Klein Hans C. , Bleeker-Rovers Chantal P. , Doorduin Janine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) remains elusive. Recent data suggest a role for neuroinflammation as defined by increased expression of translocator protein (TSPO). In the present study we investigated neuroinflammation in female CFS and QFS patients compared with healthy women, using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with the TSPO ligand [11C]-PK11195.
Methods
The study population consisted of CFS patients (n = 9), QFS patients (n = 10), and healthy controls (n = 9). All subjects were women, matched for age (± 5 years) and neighbourhood, between 18 and 59 years of age, who did not use any medication other than paracetamol or oral contraceptives, and were not vaccinated in the last six months. None of the subjects reported substance abuse in the past 3 months or reported signs of underlying psychiatric disease on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). All subjects underwent a [11C]-PK11195 PET scan and the [11C]-PK11195 binding potential (BPND) was calculated.
Results
No statistically significant differences in BPND were found for CFS patients or QFS patients when compared to healthy controls. BPND of [11C]-PK11195 positively correlated with symptom severity scores in QFS patients, but a negative correlation was found in CFS patients.
Conclusions
In contrast to what was previously reported for CFS, we found no significant difference in BPND of [11C]-PK11195 when comparing CFS or QFS patients to healthy neighbourhood controls. In this small series we were unable to find signs of neuroinflammation in patients with CFS and QFS.
Trial registration
EudraCT number: 2014-004448-37
Identification of four linear B-cell epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein able to elicit neutralizing antibodiesIdentification of four linear B-cell epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein able to elicit neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Li Lin , Zhao Zhongpeng , Yang Xiaolan , Li Wendong , Chen Shaolong , Sun Ting , Wang Lu , He Yufei , Liu Guang , Han Xiaohan , Wen Hao , Liu Yong , Chen Yifan , Wang Haoyu , Li Jing , Su Zhongyi , Du Chen , Wang Yiting , Li Ziyi , Yang Zeqian , Li Min , Wang Tiecheng , Wang Ying , Fan Yubo , Wang Hui , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 unprecedentedly threatens the public health at worldwide level. There is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine within a highly accelerated time. Here, we present the most comprehensive S-protein-based linear B-cell epitope candidate list by combining epitopes predicted by eight widely-used immune-informatics methods with the epitopes curated from literature published between Feb 6, 2020 and July 10, 2020. We find four top prioritized linear B-cell epitopes in the hotspot regions of S protein can specifically bind with pooled serum antibodies from horses, mice, and monkeys inoculated with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates or five patients recovering from COVID-19. The four linear B-cell epitopes can induce neutralizing antibodies against both pseudo and live SARS-CoV-2 virus in immunized wild-type BALB/c mice. This study suggests that the four linear B-cell epitopes are potentially important candidates for serological assay or vaccine development.
Quantitative experiments about falling and rebounding bodies of different shapes in view of Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
Authors: Sharma Ajay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Newton stated third law of motion in the Principia implies that action and reaction are always equal and opposite in all possible cases (i.e. universally). The action and reaction occur in pairs simultaneously and inherently. In the Principia Newton gave examples to elaborate statement of the law expressing action and reaction in terms of push or pull (force). In the current physics the action and reaction as such are not regarded as physical quantities because units and dimensions are not assigned to action and reaction directly. Practically Newton initiated physics (without mathematical equations) separating it from natural philosophy. Here very sensitive aspect of the law is elaborated. In experiments we may have bodies of different materials such as wool, wood, cloth, spring, steel, rubber, clay, kneaded flour, chewing gum, sponge, typical plastic, porous material, air / fluid filled artifact, etc. The intrinsic characteristics of various bodies (inherent composition, nature, flexibility, elasticity, plasticity, rigidity, magnitude, size, distinctiveness of interacting bodies or mode of interactions, and other relevant factors like surfaces on which bodies interact.) may be different. Likewise, bodies may have different shapes (spherical, semi-spherical, umbrella shaped, triangular, square, cone, long pipe, flat, irregular or any possible shape). It has to be verified in all cases specifically. Newton has not mentioned about characteristics of target. The third law must be specifically confirmed in various simple experiments with the latest technological equipment. The quantitative nature of falling and rebounding bodies (preferably in vacuum) must be studied. In some qualitative observations the shape of bodies appears to be a significant factor. So, the law has been theoretically modified as reaction is proportional to action i.e. Reaction =- Q Action, where Q is coefficient of proportionality (accounts for shape of body and other factors which are not accounted for original form of the law). The effect of shape is equally applicable in one dimensional elastic collision. The collisions are theoretically studied but in typical experiments, shape of bodies play significant role. In 2016 in EM Drive experiments some deviations have been reported by NASA from third law, but the results are still inconclusive. Thus, the proposed experiments may lead to significant results in Newtonian Mechanics.
A Novel Non-Collision Paths Planning Strategy For Multi-Manipulator Cooperate Manufacturing System
Authors: Su Chang , Jianfeng Xu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Analogy to the definition of Human-robot Interaction (HRI), the case of multiple manipulators with shared workspace, non-simultaneous manufacturing tasks and separate objects is named as multi-manipulator cooperation, which is becoming more widely employed in modern industrial manufacturing system and requiring non-collision path planning as a key issue in terms of safety and efficiency. In this paper, a novel method called Sampling based Position Space Map Search (SbPSMS) method which combines the map search method with the time-sampling based method will be proposed, including a minimum distance prediction method based on PSO-BP neural network for collision detection and two candidate position determination methods for search map establishing of all manipulators. After the specific search map simplification process, the local path fragments during each sampling time interval can be determined via cost function, which will be glued together to generate the final collision-free paths. The simulation results not only show that the PSO-BP hybrid algorithm has more accurate of nearly 2mm than the standard BP neural network in minimum distance prediction, but also demonstrated that our proposal can successfully achieve collision avoidance of dual manipulators system whilst meeting the real-time requirements for multi-manipulator cooperate assembling scenarios. The further satisfactory simulation results of triple manipulators suggesting our algorithm can be extended to applications of multiple manipulators cooperate manufacturing.
Ligand-Induced and -Independent Internalization of the Chemerin Receptor GPR1
Authors: Fischer Tobias F. , Czerniak Anne S. , Weiß Tina , Schoeder Clara T. , Wolf Philipp , Seitz Oliver , Meiler Jens , Beck-Sickinger Annette G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
1. Tight regulation of cytokines is essential for the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Chemerin, a mediator of innate immunity, mainly acts on chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) to induce the migration of macrophages and dendritic cells. The role of the second chemerin receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that GPR1 shows ligand-induced arrestin3 recruitment and internalization. The chemerin C-terminus triggers this activation by folding into a loop structure, binding to aromatic residues in the extracellular loops of GPR1. While this overall binding mode is shared between GPR1 and CMKLR1, differences in their respective extracellular loop 2 allowed for the design of the first GPR1-selective peptide. However, our results suggest that ligand-induced arrestin recruitment is not the only mode of action of GPR1. This receptor also displays constitutive internalization and recycling, which allows GPR1 to internalize inactive peptides efficiently by an activation-independent pathway. Our results demonstrate that GPR1 takes a dual role in regulating chemerin activity: As a signaling receptor for arrestin-based signaling on one hand, and as a scavenging receptor with broader ligand specificity on the other.
Transcriptomic analysis and Novel gene pair-based signatures for Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Biao , Wang Yulin , Mo Shaocong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) misses the opportunity for surgery because it is not detected early. The molecular mechanism of hepatitis B-related liver cancer needs further understanding, and effective diagnostic and prognostic models are in urgent need. Methods: Expression profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), GSE121248, GSE94660 GSE76724 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were obtained. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor HBV-related HCC samples based on GSE121248 and GSE94660. Gene pairs are generated by comparing the expression levels of every two DEGs. A diagnostic signature of pairs of DEGs was built using cross-validation Lasso and Best Subset Selection regression. Hub genes and significant modules were screened by Cytoscape, and potential drugs were predicted by DGIdb. A prognostic signature was established and xCell and ssGSEA were utilized to reveal the cell composition and cancer hallmarks to get an elucidation for the risk.Results: 457 DEGs were screened. A powerful diagnostic signature of 2 pairs of DEGs was built and validated in TCGA-LIHC and GEO datasets repeatedly with assured performance. 10 Hub genes were found and fostamatinib was predicted to have potential therapeutic effect on HBV-related HCC. A prognostic signature with good efficiency (Log-rank P value<0.05, AUC=93.1%) were established, with stromal score and several hallmarks related to the risk Conclusion: Taken together, the study provided sight into the molecular mechanism as well as a novel strategy for the early diagnosis and prognosis for HBV-related HCC.
The stem anatomy of the Clematis species (Ranunculaceae) in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Sheng-Zehn , Chen Po-Hao , Chen Chien-Fan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Studies on the stem anatomical characteristics of Taiwanese species from the Clematis genus (Ranunculaceae) are scarce. This study aimed to investigate and compare the patterns of secondary growth in stems of 22 Clematis species.
Results

The rhytidome is composed of periderm and non-conducting phloem and formed either cogwheel-like or continuous segment bark. Key features of the genus were stem with an irregular conformation, wedge-like phloem and rays, indentations in the axial parenchyma, ray dilatation, and narrow rays. Approximately eight Clematis species formed bark arc shape, which developed the cogwheel- like rhytidome. There were with approximately 27% of the Clematis species in Taiwan having 12 vascular bundles. The vessels dispersed throughout the stem were semi-ring-porous in most species but were ring-porous in others. No species had diffuse-porous vessels. The vessel restriction pattern was only found in the two shrubs, C. psilandra and C. tsugetorum. The primary xylem ring was located around the pith in C. uncinata var. uncinata, making its pith cavity hexagon in shape. Four species had the pith cavity feature. Narrow rays that occurred in the secondary xylem increased with increasing stem diameter.
Conclusions

The cambial variants described in this study provide a foundation for further morphological studies of the Clematis genus.
Sulfated modification and anti-HIV activity evaluation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides
Authors: Zhao Yanping , Wang Hongjun , Tian Nana , Wang Huiqin , Yan Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules from Lycium barbarum berries in nature, and have received much attention due to their various biological activities. Since sulfated polysaccharides have antiviral activity in vitro, there is no published research on the sulfated modification of LBPs. RESULTS: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of sulfated modification of LBPs and their potential application in inhibiting HIV-1. The LBPs with different molecular weight were prepared by fractional precipitation from crude LBP through aqueous extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization. The purified LBPs (G1, G2 and G3) were sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid pyridine method to give rise to the sulfated LBPs (G1S1-G1S4, G2S1-G2S4 and G3S1-G3S4) with different degrees of substitution. The anti-HIV-1activities were evaluated by TD50 of the cytotoxicity and IC50 of inhibitory activity using the CCK-8 and Magi test with Azidothymidine (AZT) as positive control. The results showed that LBPs and sulfated LBPs showed non-toxicity with the TD50 >100 μg/mL. Compared with the LBPs, the inhibition of anti-HIV-1 activity of sulfated LBPs was increased significantly with the IC50 value from 0.0924-0.1206 μg/mL to 0.0206-0.0722 μg/mL. The G1S4 (Mw=2.13×104 Da and DS=1.12) showed excellent anti-HIV-1 activity with the IC50 value near to that of AZT (0.0200μg/mL), which would make it possible to become a candidate compound with anti-HIV-1 activity.CONCLUSION: The outcome of the study indicated that sulfated modification of LBPs was feasible and sulfated LBPs had good potential as an anti-HIV drug.
Novel insight into Potential Leishmanicidal Activities of Transdermal Patches of Nigella Sativa: Formulation Development, Physical Characterizations and In vitro In vivo Assays
Authors: Khan Barkat Ali , Asmat Yasmin , Khan Tariq Hayat , Qayum Mughal , Alshahrani Sultan Muhammad , Alqahtani Ali , Khan Muhammad Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common type of Leishmaniasis which annually affects 1.5 million people worldwide. About 90% of cases are reported from countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the present study was to fabricate transdermal patches of Nigella sativa (NS), characterize and to check its in vitro in vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity. Hydroalcohlic extract was analyzed for preliminary phytochemicals. Five formulations of transdermal patches (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4 and NS5) were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation NS5 was characterized for FTIR, smoothness, brittleness, clarity, thickness, folding endurance, uniformity of weight, percent moisture content, in-vitro drug release, release kinetics, ex vivo drug permeation and in-vitro anti-Lieshmanial activity. In vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity was assessed in 30 patients (n = 30) suffering from CL. The FTIR studies showed no incompatibility among the active extract and polymers. In vitro anti-Lieshmanial assay was 194.6 ± 1.88 % as compared to standard drug (p > 0.05) and in vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity was 75 %. The drug release after 24 hours was 87.0 ± 0.94% in NS5 which showed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism while drug permeation across rabbit skin after 24 hours was up to 80.0 ± 0.91%. The results concluded that problems related to the medications parenterally used for Lieshmanial treatment can be managed by applying extract of Nigella sativa seeds in the form of transdermal patch.
An examination of extreme floods, effects on land-use change and seasonality in the Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida using HSPF and statistical methods
Authors: Kovalenko Samantha , Brown Christopher James , Akan Cigdem , Schonning Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As population growth and urbanization are steadily rising, the need for dependable flood estimation techniques is crucial. This study evaluates extreme flood events in select sub-basins of the Lower St. Johns River in Florida, USA. The study summarizes work of a recent thesis and combines that work with new research regarding the effect of urbanization on the natural hydrologic processes and flood magnitudes in the watershed. Additionally, the effects of varying seasonality into the hydrologic modeling procedure are also investigated. This research focuses on determining the 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year return frequency flood flows in Julington Creek, Ortega River, and Pablo Creek of the Lower St. Johns River Basin in Florida, USA. The major findings of this research indicate that by implementing a range of flood estimation methods one can better describe the inherent uncertainty with traditional estimates. Also, the research showed that varying seasonality in the hydrologic modeling procedure does not result in vast differences in the resulting flood estimates. However, various land-use scenarios may produce simulated flood flows of greater magnitude – especially when a more urbanized land-use scenario is modeled.
Dynamic restructuring of coordinatively unsaturated copper paddle wheel clusters drives CO2 reduction efficiently
Authors: Zhang Wei , Huang Chuqiang , Zhu Jiexin , Zhou Qiancheng , Yu Ruohan , Wang Yali , An Pengfei , Zhang Jing , Qiu Ming , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang , Yi Zhiguo , Yu Ying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coordinatively unsaturated metal sites in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hold promises for improving activity and selectivity of catalyst. As the building unit of many MOFs, copper paddle-wheel (CPW) is of great interest to function as activity sites for CO2 reduction due to the ability of copper cations to attract and activate CO2 molecules. However, little is known about the real structure of these active sites for their dynamic structural changes under realistic operating conditions. Here, we apply to design defect metal−organic framework HKUST-1 with coordinatively unsaturated copper paddle wheel through a facile “atomized trimesic acid” strategy, reveal its dynamic behaviour during electrochemical reconstruction and prove its superior CO2 reduction activity. Through comprehensive analysis of various in situ spectroscopy characterizations, it is demonstrated that unsaturated copper paddle wheel clusters [CU-CPWC, Cu2(HCOO)3] are finally formed during electrochemical reconstruction and act as the real active sites. Mechanistic studies based on density functional theory calculations reveal that the higher d band center in CU-CPWC compared with that in CPW accelerates the electron transport from copper atoms to CO2 molecules, which can be exploited to improve the CO2 reduction performance.