bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying planetary cloudiness with an updated set of MODIS Cloud Regimes
Authors: Cho Nayeong , Tan Jackson , Oreopoulos Lazaros 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present an updated Cloud Regime (CR) dataset based on Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 cloud products, specifically joint histograms that partition cloud fraction within distinct combinations of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness ranges. The paper focuses on an edition of the CR dataset derived from our own aggregation of MODIS pixel-level cloud retrievals on an equal area grid and pre-specified 3-hour UTC intervals that spatiotemporally match International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) gridded cloud data. The other edition comes from the 1-degree daily aggregation provided by standard MODIS Level-3 data, as in previous versions of the MODIS CRs, for easier use with datasets mapped on equal angle grids. Both editions consist of 11 clusters whose centroids are nearly identical.We provide a physical interpretation of the new CRs and aspects of their climatology that have not been previously examined, such as seasonal and interannual variability of CR frequency of occurrence. We also examine the makeup and precipitation properties of the CRs assisted by independent datasets originating from active observations, and provide a first glimpse of how MODIS CRs relate to clouds as seen by ISCCP.
Contribution of astrocytes to neurovascular coupling in the spinal cord of the rat
Authors: Paquette Thierry , Piché Mathieu , Leblond Hugues 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord relies on the integrity of neurovascular coupling (NVC) to infer neuronal activity from hemodynamic changes. Astrocytes are a key component of cerebral NVC, but their role in spinal NVC is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine whether inhibition of astrocyte metabolism by fluorocitrate alters spinal NVC. In 14 rats, local field potential (LFP) and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) were recorded simultaneously in the lumbosacral enlargement during noxious stimulation of the sciatic nerve before and after a local administration of fluorocitrate (N  = 7) or saline (N  = 7). Fluorocitrate significantly reduced SCBF responses (p  < 0.001) but not LFP amplitude (p  = 0.22) compared with saline. Accordingly, NVC was altered by fluorocitrate compared with saline (p  < 0.01). These results support the role of astrocytes in spinal NVC and have implications for spinal cord imaging with fMRI for conditions in which astrocyte metabolism may be altered.
Impact of water deficit on the development and senescence of tomato roots grown under various soil textures of Shaanxi, China
Authors: Ahmad Husain , Li Jianming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeWater scarcity is expected to extend to more regions of the world and represents an alarming threat to food security worldwide. Under such circumstances, water holding capacity is an important agronomic trait, which is primarily controlled by soil texture.MethodsOur work examined three different soil textures from three cities of Shaanxi Province in China, i.e., silt-sandy loam from Yulin (north of Shaanxi), loam—clay loam from Yangling (middle and western part of Shaanxi), and clay loam-clay from Hanzhong soil (south of Shaanxi), at two moisture levels, i.e., field capacity of 70–75% (well-watered) and 50–55% (water deficit).ResultsThe differences in soil particle sizes altered the soil physiochemical properties and soil enzymatic activities. Soil urease and ß-glucosidase activities were significantly higher in the Yangling soil under the well-watered treatment, while the differences were nonsignificant under the water deficit conditions. The leaf photosynthesis rate and total chlorophyll content were significantly higher in Hanzhong soil after 15 days of treatment; however, the overall highest plant length, root cortex diameter, and xylem element abundance were significantly higher in Yangling soil under the water deficit conditions. Furthermore, comparable differences were observed in antioxidant defence enzymes and endogenous hormones after every 15 days of treatments. The auxin, gibberellic acid and cytokinin concentrations in leaves and roots were comparably high in Yangling soil, while the abscisic acid concentrations were higher in Hanzhong soil under the water deficit conditions.ConclusionsOur findings concluded that soil compaction has a significant role not only in root morphology, growth, and development but also in the soil physicochemical properties and nutrient cycle, which are useful for the growth and development of tomato plants.
CsLAZY1 mediates shoot gravitropism and branch angle in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Xia Xiaobo , Mi Xiaozeng , Jin Ling , Guo Rui , Zhu Junyan , Xie Hui , Liu Lu , An Yanlin , Zhang Cao , Wei Chaoling , Liu Shengrui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Branch angle is a pivotal component of tea plant architecture. Tea plant architecture not only affects tea quality and yield but also influences the efficiency of automatic tea plant pruning. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the branch angle, which is an important aspect of plant architecture, is poorly understood in tea plants.

Results
In the present study, three CsLAZY genes were identified from tea plant genome data through sequence homology analysis. Phylogenetic tree displayed that the CsLAZY genes had high sequence similarity with LAZY genes from other plant species, especially those in woody plants. The expression patterns of the three CsLAZYs were surveyed in eight tissues. We further verified the expression levels of the key CsLAZY1 transcript in different tissues among eight tea cultivars and found that CsLAZY1 was highly expressed in stem. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the CsLAZY1 protein was localized in the plasma membrane. CsLAZY1 was transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its potential role in regulating shoot development. Remarkably, the CsLAZY1 overexpressed plants responded more effectively than the wild-type plants to a gravity inversion treatment under light and dark conditions. The results indicate that CsLAZY1 plays an important role in regulating shoot gravitropism in tea plants.

Conclusions
The results provide important evidence for understanding the functions of CsLAZY1 in regulating shoot gravitropism and influencing the stem branch angle in tea plants. This report identifies CsLAZY1 as a promising gene resource for the improvement of tea plant architecture.
Association of epicardial fat thickness with left ventricular diastolic function parameters in a community population
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhang Baowei , Yang Ying , Qi Litong , Zhou Jin , Li Min , Jia Jia , Zhang Yan , Yong Huo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
We examined the relationship between epicardial fat thickness (EFT) measured by echocardiography and left ventricular diastolic function parameters in a Beijing community population.

Methods
We included 1004 participants in this study. Echocardiographic parameters including E and A peak velocity, the early diastolic velocities (e′) of the septal and lateral mitral annulus using tissue doppler imaging, E/e′, and EFT were measured. EFT1 was measured perpendicularly on the right ventricular free wall at end diastole in the extension line of the aortic root. EFT2 was the maximum thickness measured perpendicularly on the right ventricular free wall at end diastole. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between EFT and the mean e′ and E/e′.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 63.91 ± 9.02 years, and 51.4% were men. EFT1 and EFT2 were negatively correlated with lateral e′, septal e′, and mean e′ (p < 0.05), and the correlation coefficient for EFT1 and EFT2 and mean e′ was − 0.138 and − 0.180, respectively. EFT1 and EFT2 were positively correlated with lateral E/e′, septal E/e′, and mean E/e′ (p < 0.05), and the correlation coefficient for EFT1 and EFT2 and mean e′ was 0.100 and 0.090, respectively. Multivariable egression analysis showed that EFT2 was independently and negatively associated with e′ mean (β = − 0.078 [95% confidence interval = − 0.143, − 0.012, p = 0.020]). There were no interactions between EFT2 and any covariates, including age or heart groups, sex, BMI, or presence of hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease, in relation to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusions
EFT2 was negatively and independently associated with e′ mean, which suggests that more attention to this type of adipose fat is required for cardiovascular disease therapy.
Application value of tissue tuberculosis antigen combined with Xpert MTB/RIF detection in differential diagnoses of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Fei Baoying , Zhou Lin , Zhang Yu , Luo Linhe , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and detection of additional Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species antigens from intestinal tissue samples in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) from Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
Several clinical specimens of intestinal tissue obtained by either endoscopic biopsy or surgical excision were used for mycobacteriologic solid cultures,Xpert MTB/RIF assays, immunohistochemistry, and histological examinations. Four antigens (38KDa, ESAT-6, MPT64, and Ag85 complex) of MTBC in the intestinal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.

Results
The study included 42 patients with ITB and 46 with CD. Perianal lesions and longitudinal ulcers were more common in patients with CD, while caseating granuloma and annular ulcers were more common in patients with ITB. The positive rate of MTBC detected by Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissues of patients with ITB was 33.33%, which was significantly higher than that in patients with CD and that detected using acid-fast staining smears. It was also higher than that detected by tissue MTBC culture, but the difference was not statistically significant. The positive MPT64 expression rate in patients with ITB was 40.48%, which was significantly higher than that observed in patients with CD. The sensitivity of parallelly combined detection of tuberculosis protein MPT64 and Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing ITB was 50.0%.

Conclusions
The detection of Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissue is a rapid and useful method for establishing an early diagnosis of ITB. The detection of MTBC using Xpert MTB/RIF and MPT64 antigen in intestinal tissues has a definitive value in the differential diagnosis ofITB and CD. The combination of these two methods can improve the detection sensitivity.
Physical activity and sleep duration during pregnancy have interactive effects on caesarean delivery: a population-based cohort study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Yang Yingzi , Li Weiqin , Yang Wen , Wang Leishen , Liu Jinnan , Leng Junhong , Li Wei , Wang Shuo , Li Jing , Hu Gang , Yu Zhijie , Yang Xilin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There were inconsistent findings in the literature regarding the associations of physical activity and sleep duration during pregnancy with caesarean delivery for different reasons. It was also unknown whether physical activity and sleep duration during pregnancy had interactive effects on the risks of different types of caesarean delivery. The study aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity, sleep duration and their interactions on the risk of caesarean delivery for medical reasons and non-medical reasons.

Methods
From October 2010 to August 2012, a prospective population-based cohort of 13,015 pregnant women was established in six central urban districts of Tianjin, China. Pregnancy outcomes were retrieved from an electronic database and caesarean delivery was divided into caesarean delivery for medical reasons and caesarean delivery for non-medical reasons. Physical activity and sleep status were collected at 24–28 weeks of gestation using self-reported questionnaires. Logistic regression and additive interaction were used to examine physical activity, sleep duration and their interactive effects on risk of caesarean delivery.

Results
In the cohort, 5692 (43.7%) and 2641 (20.3%) of women had caesarean delivery for medical reasons and non-medical reasons, respectively. Low physical activity increased the risk of caesarean delivery for medical reasons (adjusted OR: 1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.23) but not caesarean delivery for non-medical reasons. Sleep duration < 7 h/day and poor sleep quality were not associated with caesarean delivery. Sleep duration ≥9 h/day increased the risk of caesarean delivery for medical reasons (1.12, 1.02–1.22) and caesarean delivery for non-medical reasons (1.16, 1.05–1.29). Co-presence of low physical activity and sleep duration ≥9 h/day increased risk of caesarean delivery (1.25, 1.12–1.41), and their additive interaction was statistically significant for caesarean delivery for medical reasons but not for caesarean delivery for non-medical reasons.

Conclusions
Low physical activity and excessive sleep duration during pregnancy each increased the risk of caesarean delivery, and they had an interactive effect on the risk of caesarean delivery for medical reasons but not on the risk of caesarean delivery for non-medical reasons. Increasing physical activity and maintaining recommended sleep duration during pregnancy may have benefits for perinatal health.
Does patient positioning influence blood loss and transfusion rate in hip replacement for femoral neck fractures? A single-centre, retrospective chart review
Authors: Haider Thomas , Seilern und Aspang Jesse , Gahleitner Claudia , Plesser Stefan , Hajdu Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
We compared blood loss and transfusion frequency between the lateral decubitus and the supine position in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery due to femoral neck fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively included femoral neck fracture patients treated with either hemi (HA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). We included a total of 626 patients, of which 313 patients underwent surgery in the lateral decubitus position and 313 patients in the supine position. Preoperative and day 1 postoperative blood measures including hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and red blood cell count (RBC) were evaluated, as well as transfusion records analyzed.

Results
The following decrease of laboratory parameters between pre- and 1st day postoperative measures was noted: RBC: -0.77 G/L (± 0.5 G/L, median = -0.80 G/L; range: -0.50 – -1.10 G/L); Hct: -7.08 % (± 4.7 %, range: -4.70 – -9.90 G/L); Hb: -2.36 g/dL (± 1.6 g/dL, range: -1.50. – -3.40 g/dL). We did not observe significant differences in transfusion frequency between the two study cohorts (p = 0.735 for THA, p = 0.273 for HA). No influence of patient positioning on Hb-decrease, Hct-decrease, or RBC-decrease was noted in our two-way ANOVA models with consideration of implant type and fixation technique (F(3,618) = 1.838, p = 0.139; F(3,618) = 2.606, p = 0.051; F(3,618) = 1.407, p = 0.240).

Conclusions
We did not observe significant differences in perioperative blood values and transfusion rates in association with patient positioning in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery for femoral neck fractures.

Level of evidence
Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Testing the proportional hazards assumption in cox regression and dealing with possible non-proportionality in total joint arthroplasty research: methodological perspectives and review
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Ponkilainen Ville T. , Uimonen Mikko M. , Eskelinen Antti , Reito Aleksi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Survival analysis and effect of covariates on survival time is a central research interest. Cox proportional hazards regression remains as a gold standard in the survival analysis. The Cox model relies on the assumption of proportional hazards (PH) across different covariates. PH assumptions should be assessed and handled if violated. Our aim was to investigate the reporting of the Cox regression model details and testing of the PH assumption in survival analysis in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) studies.

Methods
We conducted a review in the PubMed database on 28th August 2019. A total of 1154 studies were identified. The abstracts of these studies were screened for words “cox and “hazard*” and if either was found the abstract was read. The abstract had to fulfill the following criteria to be included in the full-text phase: topic was knee or hip TJA surgery; survival analysis was used, and hazard ratio reported. If all the presented criteria were met, the full-text version of the article was then read. The full-text was included if Cox method was used to analyze TJA survival. After accessing the full-texts 318 articles were included in final analysis.

Results
The PH assumption was mentioned in 114 of the included studies (36%). KM analysis was used in 281 (88%) studies and the KM curves were presented graphically in 243 of these (87%). In 110 (45%) studies, the KM survival curves crossed in at least one of the presented figures. The most common way to test the PH assumption was to inspect the log-minus-log plots (n = 59). The time-axis division method was the most used corrected model (n = 30) in cox analysis. Of the 318 included studies only 63 (20%) met the following criteria: PH assumption mentioned, PH assumption tested, testing method of the PH assumption named, the result of the testing mentioned, and the Cox regression model corrected, if required.

Conclusions
Reporting and testing of the PH assumption and dealing with non-proportionality in hip and knee TJA studies was limited. More awareness and education regarding the assumptions behind the used statistical models among researchers, reviewers and editors are needed to improve the quality of TJA research. This could be achieved by better collaboration with methodologists and statisticians and introducing more specific reporting guidelines for TJA studies. Neglecting obvious non-proportionality undermines the overall research efforts since causes of non-proportionality, such as possible underlying pathomechanisms, are not considered and discussed.
Clinical outcomes of doubled-suture Nice knot augmented plate fixation in the treatment of comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture
Authors: Wu Gui , Chen Yao-qing , Chen Chun-yong , Lin Zhang-xiong , Xie Qi-yang , Ye Jun-jian , Xie Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFree bone fragments were difficult to be fixed in many comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures, and the absence of cortical alignment in comminuted fractures had direct influence on the stability of fixation. This survey was performed to assess the efficacy of doubled-suture Nice knot augmented plate fixation in the treatment of comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2018, all patients with comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures treated with doubled-suture Nice knot augmented plate fixation were retrospectively reviewed and included in this research. Demographic data of the patients, characteristics of the fractures, intraoperative parameters and follow-up data of the patients were evaluated and summarized.ResultsA total of 56 patients were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was 25.6 months (range, 12–60 months). The number of male patients was 38 (67.9 %) and of the female patients was 18 (32.1 %). The average age of all patients was 47.89 ± 16.5 years. The mean time of surgery was 85.6 ± 24.0 min. The average length of incision was 9.2 ± 1.9 cm. The number of doubled-suture Nice knot applied ranged from 1 to 5 knots. All the patients reached bone union after the treatment. There was no implant failure or neurovascular injury observed. And most of the patients showed good functional outcome.ConclusionsThe doubled-suture Nice knot could provide reliable fixation for small bone fragments in comminuted clavicle fractures. Combination of the doubled-suture Nice knot and plate screws fixation was a safe and effective method in comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures treatment.
Lifestyle is associated with thyroid function in subclinical hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Kejun , Zhou Yu , Ke Sujie , Huang Jingze , Gao Xuelin , Li Beibei , Lin Xiaoying , Liu Xiaohong , Liu Xiaoying , Ma Li , Wang Linxi , Wu Li , Wu Lijuan , Xie Chengwen , Xu Junjun , Wang Yanping , Liu Libin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Few studies have focused on the association between lifestyle and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between lifestyle and thyroid function in SCH.

Methods
This study was a part of a community-based and cross-sectional study, the Epidemiological Survey of Thyroid Diseases in Fujian Province, China. A total of 159 participants with SCH (81 males and 78 females) and 159 euthyroid (87 males and 72 females) participants without any missing data were included in the analysis. General information and lifestyle information including sleep, exercise, diet and smoking habits of the participants was collected by questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) was collected. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroid globulin antibody (TgAb) and urine iodine concentration (UIC) were tested. Thyroid homeostasis parameter thyroid’ s secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), Jostel’s TSH index (TSHI), thyrotroph T4 sensitivity index (TTSI) were calculated. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were performed to assess associations.

Results
Compared with euthyroid subjects, patients with SCH were more likely to have poor overall sleep quality (15.1 vs.25.8 %, P = 0.018) and l less likely to stay up late on weekdays (54.7 vs. 23.9 % P < 0.001). In SCH group, exercise was the influencing factor of TSH (β= -0.224, P = 0.004), thyroid secretory capacity (β = 0.244, P = 0.006) and thyrotropin resistance (β = 0.206, P = 0.009). Iodine excess was the influencing factor of thyroid secretory capacity (β = 0.209, P = 0.001) and pituitary thyroid stimulating function (β = 0.167, P = 0.034). Smoking was the influencing factor of pituitary thyroid stimulating function (β = 0.161, P = 0.040). Staying up late on weekends was the influencing factor of thyroid secretory capacity (β = 0.151, P = 0.047). After adjusting for possible confounders, logistic regression showed that those with poor overall sleep quality assessed by PSQI and iodine excess had an increased risk of SCH (OR 2.159, 95 %CI 1.186–3.928, P = 0.012 and OR 2.119, 95 %CI 1.008–4.456, P = 0.048, respectively).

Conclusions
Lifestyle including sleep, smoking, diet and exercise was closely related to thyroid function especially thyroid homeostasis in SCH.