bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the tropical forest cover change in northern parts of Sonitpur and Udalguri District of Assam, India
Authors: Mahato Ranjit , Nimasow Gibji , Nimasow Oyi Dai , Bushi Dhoni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSonitpur and Udalguri district of Assam possess rich tropical forests with equally important faunal species. The Nameri National Park, Sonai-Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary, and other Reserved Forests are areas of attraction for tourists and wildlife lovers. However, these protected areas are reportedly facing the problem of encroachment and large-scale deforestation. Therefore, this study attempts to estimate the forest cover change in the area through integrating the remotely sensed data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 with the Geographic Information System. The Maximum Likelihood algorithm-based supervised classification shows acceptable agreement between the classified image and the ground truth data with an overall accuracy of about 96% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.95. The results reveal a forest cover loss of 7.47% from 1990 to 2000 and 7.11% from 2000 to 2010. However, there was a slight gain of 2.34% in forest cover from 2010 to 2020. The net change of forest to non-forest was 195.17 km2in the last forty years. The forest transition map shows a declining trend of forest remained forest till 2010 and a slight increase after that. There was a considerable decline in the forest to non-forest (11.94% to 3.50%) from 2000–2010 to 2010–2020. Further, a perceptible gain was also observed in the non-forest to the forest during the last four decades. The overlay analysis of forest cover maps show an area of 460.76 km2(28.89%) as forest (unchanged), 764.21 km2(47.91%) as non-forest (unchanged), 282.67 km2(17.72%) as deforestation and 87.50 km2(5.48%) as afforestation. The study found hotspots of deforestation in the closest areas of National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, and Reserved Forests due to encroachments for human habitation, agriculture, and timber/fuelwood extractions. Therefore, the study suggests an early declaration of these protected areas as Eco-Sensitive Zone to control the increasing trends of deforestation.
Prognostic value of MRI-measured tumor thickness in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Park Ki-Sun , Choi Yangsean , Kim Jiwoong , Ahn Kook-Jin , Kim Bum-soo , Lee Youn Soo , Sun Dong-Il , Kim Min-Sik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the prognostic value of MRI-measured tumor thickness (MRI-TT) in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This single-center retrospective cohort study included 133 pathologically confirmed tongue SCC patients between January 2009 and October 2019. MRI measurements of tongue SCC were based on axial and coronal T2-weighted (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1WI) images. Two radiologists independently measured MRI-TT. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for inter-rater agreements. Spearman’s rank correlation between MRI-TT and pathologic depth of invasion (pDOI) was assessed. Cox proportional hazards analyses on recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed for MRI-TT and pDOI. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted with log-rank tests. The intra- and inter-rater agreements of MRI-TT were excellent (ICC: 0.829–0.897, all P < 0.001). The correlation between MRI-TT and pDOI was good (Spearman’s correlation coefficients: 0.72–0.76, P < 0.001). MRI-TT were significantly greater than pDOI in all axial and coronal T2WI and CE-T1WI (P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, MRI-TT measured on axial CE-T1WI yielded a significant prognostic value for OS (hazards ratio 2.77; P = 0.034). MRI-TT demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-rater agreements as well as high correlation with pDOI. MRI-TT may serve as a prognostic predictor in patients with tongue SCC.
Computational optimization for the deposition of bioconvection thin Oldroyd-B nanofluid with entropy generation
Authors: Usman Auwalu Hamisu , Khan Noor Saeed , Humphries Usa Wannasingha , Ullah Zafar , Shah Qayyum , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat , Khan Waris , Kaewkhao Attapol , Bhaumik Amyia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe behavior of an Oldroyd-B nanoliquid film sprayed on a stretching cylinder is investigated. The system also contains gyrotactic microorganisms with heat and mass transfer flow. Similarity transformations are used to make the governing equations non-dimensional ordinary differential equations and subsequently are solved through an efficient and powerful analytic technique namely homotopy analysis method (HAM). The roles of all dimensionless profiles and spray rate have been investigated. Velocity decreases with the magnetic field strength and Oldroyd-B nanofluid parameter. Temperature is increased with increasing the Brownian motion parameter while it is decreased with the increasing values of Prandtl and Reynolds numbers. Nanoparticle’s concentration is enhanced with the higher values of Reynolds number and activation energy parameter. Gyrotactic microorganism density increases with bioconvection Rayleigh number while it decreases with Peclet number. The film size naturally increases with the spray rate in a nonlinear way. A close agreement is achieved by comparing the present results with the published results.
Influence of the length of the first and second metatarsal bone measured distal from Maestro line upon severity of hallux valgus deformity
Authors: Sovilj Mirko , Baljozović Andreja , Baščarević Zoran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo examine the influence of the configuration of the first and second metatarsal (MT) bones on the development of hallux valgus deformity. To determine the extent to which the difference in the lengths of the first and second MT bones, measured distal to the Maestro line, contribute to the severity of the hallux valgus (HV) deformity defined by the size of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and inter-metatarsal angle (IMA). On a sample of 319 feet with HV deformity the difference of measured lengths R = d (I MT) − d (II MT) was calculated The influence of differences (R) on the values of IMA and HVA as well as on the severity of deformities according to the formed groups was investigated. The influence of age on the development of deformities was examined separately as well as in conjunction with the determined difference in lengths. In 203 feet or 63.7%, a shorter MT bone was measured, while in 80 feet or 25.1% the first MT bone was longer than second ones and only in 36 feet or 11.3% there is no difference in the length of the 1st and 2ndMT bones distal to the Maestro line. A statistically significant correlation was found between the difference between the measured lengths of 1st and 2nd MT bones and IMA, while this correlation with HVA was not statistically significant. There is no statistically significant correlation or the effect of the difference in measured lengths (R) on the severity of hallux valgus deformity classified into three groups. A statistically significant correlation and impact of the age on the intensity of the deformity are established. A shorter 1st MT bone in correlation to the 2nd MT bone is accompanied by an increase in IMA and this correlation and impact are statistically significant. It was not established that there was a statistically significant influence of the length of the first and second metatarsal bone measured distal from Maestro line upon the values of HVA and severity of HV deformity. Age significantly contributes to the severity of the deformity.
Potential and challenges of specifically isolating extracellular vesicles from heterogeneous populations
Authors: Allelein Susann , Medina-Perez Paula , Lopes Ana Leonor Heitor , Rau Sabrina , Hause Gerd , Kölsch Andreas , Kuhlmeier Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest due to their ability to provide diagnostic information from liquid biopsies. Cells constantly release vesicles divers in size, content and features depending on the biogenesis, origin and function. This heterogeneity adds a layer of complexity when attempting to isolate and characterize EVs resulting in various protocols. Their high abundance in all bodily fluids and their stable source of origin dependent biomarkers make EVs a powerful tool in biomarker discovery and diagnostics. However, applications are limited by the quality of samples definition. Here, we compared frequently used isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. Then, we aimed for a tissue-specific isolation of prostate-derived EVs from cell culture supernatants with immunomagnetic beads. Quality and quantity of EVs were confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blot and electron microscopy. Additionally, a spotted antibody microarray was developed to characterize EV sub-populations. Current analysis of 16 samples on one microarray for 6 different EV surface markers in triplicate could be easily extended allowing a faster and more economical method to characterize samples.
Cyclic drying and wetting tests on combined remediation of chromium-contaminated soil by calcium polysulfide, synthetic zeolite and cement
Authors: Li Xilin , Yu Xiaowan , Liu Ling , Yang Jianlin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing calcium polysulfide as the reducing agent, synthetic zeolite as the adsorbent, and cement as the curing agent, the dual-index orthogonal test method was used to determine the best remediation dosage of chromium-contaminated soil. On this basis, through the dry–wet cycle test, the durability of the chromium-contaminated soil after repair is analyzed from the perspectives of unconfined compressive strength, toxic leaching concentration, quality loss, and microscopic characterization. Test results showed that the optimal ratio for the joint repair of chromium-contaminated soil was 3 times the amount of CaS5, 15% synthetic zeolite, and 20% cement. With the increase in the number of wet–dry cycles, the unconfined compressive strength of the composite preparation combined to repair chromium-contaminated soil was first increased and then reduced, and the concentration of Cr(VI) and total chromium in the leachate was first decreased and then increased. The higher the chromium content of the contaminated soil was, the lower the unconfined compressive strength, and the higher the leaching concentration of Cr(VI) and total chromium were. With the increase in cycle times, the cumulative mass-loss rate of composite preparations for repairing chromium-contaminated soil gradually increased, and the higher the chromium content was, the higher the cumulative mass-loss rate, which was less than 2%, reflecting the combination of composite preparations for repairing chromium-contaminated soil to have good durability. Microscopic and macroscopic results are consistent with each other.
Identification of gastric cancer subtypes based on pathway clustering
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Xiaosheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is highly heterogeneous in the stromal and immune microenvironment, genome instability (GI), and oncogenic signatures. However, a classification of GC by combining these features remains lacking. Using the consensus clustering algorithm, we clustered GCs based on the activities of 15 pathways associated with immune, DNA repair, oncogenic, and stromal signatures in three GC datasets. We identified three GC subtypes: immunity-deprived (ImD), stroma-enriched (StE), and immunity-enriched (ImE). ImD showed low immune infiltration, high DNA damage repair activity, high tumor aneuploidy level, high intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), and frequentTP53mutations. StE displayed high stromal signatures, low DNA damage repair activity, genomic stability, low ITH, and poor prognosis. ImE had strong immune infiltration, high DNA damage repair activity, high tumor mutation burden, prevalence of microsatellite instability, frequentARID1Amutations, elevatedPD-L1expression, and favorable prognosis. Based on the expression levels of four genes (TAP2,SERPINB5,LTBP1, andLAMC1) in immune, DNA repair, oncogenic, and stromal pathways, we developed a prognostic model (IDOScore). The IDOScore was an adverse prognostic factor and correlated inversely with immunotherapy response in cancer. Our identification of new GC subtypes provides novel insights into tumor biology and has potential clinical implications for the management of GCs.
The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation
Authors: Sanders David J. , Inniss Saskia , Sebepos-Rogers Gregory , Rahman Farooq Z. , Smith Andrew M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms whilst still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and generation of microbe-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homoeostasis, promote protective immune responses, and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiota to help reverse dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and ultimately prevent disease progression.
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated therapeutics for diabetic cardiomyopathy – current and future perspectives
Authors: Prakoso Darnel , Tate Mitchel , Blasio Miles J. De , Ritchie Rebecca H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Diabetes increases the prevalence of heart failure by 6–8-fold, independent of other comorbidities such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, a phenomenon termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Several key signalling pathways have been identified that drive the pathological changes associated with diabetes-induced heart failure. This has led to the development of multiple pharmacological agents that are currently available for clinical use. While fairly effective at delaying disease progression, these treatments do not reverse the cardiac damage associated with diabetes. One potential alternative avenue for targeting diabetes-induced heart failure is the use of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene therapy, which has shown great versatility in a multitude of disease settings. AAV gene therapy has the potential to target specific cells or tissues, has a low host immune response and has the possibility to represent a lifelong cure, not possible with current conventional pharmacotherapies. In this review, we will assess the therapeutic potential of AAV gene therapy as a treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Azimuth apodization for autoregressive synthetic‐aperture radar imaging
Authors: Zhang Guo , Jing Maoqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutoregressive backprojection (ARBP) approximates the procedure of forming synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) sequential images as an autoregressive (AR) process, avoiding redundant computation between adjacent images. Azimuth apodization for ARBP entails designing the aforementioned AR process, including AR order selection and AR model parameter estimation. However, the conventional azimuth apodization method for ARBP provides only empirical means to conduct such a procedure. Moreover, it cannot address the ringing effect from the infinite impulse response of the AR model, and consequently, other unwanted azimuth pulses will degrade the SAR images. This study discusses azimuth apodization for ARBP and proposes a scheme that includes methods for AR model order selection and parameter estimation. Firstly, matrix rank‐k approximation is adopted for AR model order selection. Then, a revised azimuth apodization procedure for parameter estimation is discussed. It introduces a penalty factor to render the ringing effect and model estimation error controllable. Moreover, experiments based on an open data set validate the proposed ARBP azimuth apodization scheme. In this way, the proposed azimuth apodization obtains a balance between computational complexity and imaging quality for ARBP.
Bending of flexible round plates
Authors: Yuldashev Adash , Pirmatov Shamshod , Bekchanov Sherzod , Axralov Hamidullakhon 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, schemes for constructing solutions to boundary value problems for static calculation of flexible circular plates with the nonlinear theory of Lyava and Volmyr are presented. From the equations of the equilibrium system of the plates, given in curvilinear coordinates, the system of equilibrium equations for flexible round plates is obtained. Substituting the expressions for the efforts and shearing forces and introducing dimensionless quantities, we obtain a system of quasilinear quantities in displacements.
To develop an automated system for static calculation of flexible round plates, we use central finite-difference schemes that approximate derivatives with second-order accuracy, we obtain a system of quasilinear algebraic equations. To test the constructed automatic system for static calculation, the difference equations are reduced to vector form. An implicit iterative process combined with the Gaussian elimination method is applied to the solution of the system of equations. When calculating iterative processes, it continues until the above conditions are met. After determining the required functions by the finite difference method, we calculate the calculated values. Using the obtained numerical results, we will construct their graphs.
Usage advanced technological methods for the recovery of cone crusher equipment
Authors: Kosimbetov Batirbay , Khankelov Tavbay 
Published: June 2021

Cone crushers of various sizes and modifications are used widely for rock processing now.
The most widespread are crushers of the KDM and KMDT types. Depending on the types and modifications, crushers are used in various industries: crushing abrasive, extra strong rocks and building materials, in the production of cement and other materials in the construction industry; for crushing rocks in the mining industry.
Investigation and calculation of a composite arch construction
Authors: Volovitskaya Anastasiya , Salakhutdinov Marat , Kuznetsov Ivan 
Published: June 2021

One way to increase efficiency in the field of construction is to develop and improve new progressive design forms that reduce the consumption of materials, the complexity of manufacturing and erection, and the cost. These include a variety of combined systems, including arched ones.Frameless arch systems have not been widely developed in our country due to the lack of adaptedness of the design concept to Russian climatic conditions, while frame arch systems have a high consumption of materials.It is proposed to improve arch systems by increasing the spatial rigidity of the entire building made of rolled metal due to the combined action of the load-bearing frame and enclosing structures made of corrugated sheets. Thus, it becomes possible to use frameless arches on large spans. The use of such structures opens up wide opportunities for creating coverings that are characterized by lightweight and high technical and economic features.
A block model development for intelligent control of the switches operating apparatus position in the electrical interlocking system
Authors: Boltayev Sunnat , Rakhmonov Bobomurod , Muhiddinov Obid , Saitov Aziz , Toshboyev Zohid 
Published: June 2021

In this scientific article, we developed a model of block C that controls the position of the switches. A mathematical model of the block was calculated using a two-layer neural network along with the blocks of the block. An imitation model of the switch control block using the SoDeSys program is presented.
In the modeling process, it was studied that a multilayer neural network consists of one or more hidden layers of neurons-the entrance, exit, and the neurons located between them. And block C was determined that it was possible to model with the help of a 2-layer neural network and was expressed in the form of the following layers:
1-in the hidden layer: in the C block, the PK and MK relays are listed. This process indicated that the data coming from the PS or PST block would receive the PK and MK releases. At this layer, it is determined in which position the switches are located, and the data is transferred to the next layers.
2-in the hidden layer: the VZ relay in the C Block is indicated. Information coming from PK and MK relays shows the VZ relays acceptance process. In this layer, it is determined whether the switch is cut or not, and information is transferred to the next layers. In this layer, a certain position of the pushed conductor is determined
Intelligent railway transport radio communication based on neural networks
Authors: Kolesnikov Igor , Yaronova Natalya , Kurbanov Janibek , Khusnidinova Nozima 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the features of GSM-R as a basis for organizing a digital radio communication system on the railway to apply the European Integrated Radio Communication for the railways of Uzbekistan. The role of GSM-R for the interaction of digital radio communication with the European integrated system for expanding the functions of railway radio communication and safe movement of high-speed trains is shown.
The article identifies the possibilities of building modern digital communication of the railway. The GSM-R communication network, its services and architecture for organizing digital communication were also defined. Recommendations on the use of GSM-R on the railway of Uzbekistan are given. It has been established that mobile communications should be a heterogeneous (heterogeneous) architecture. Also, it must have a variety of access networks that could operate in any frequency ranges.