bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Dimer Acid 2‐Ethylhexyl Esters and their Physicochemical Properties as Biolubricant Base Stock and their Potential as Additive in Commercial Base Oils
Authors: Isah Shehu , Zhang Jainwei , Biresaw Girma , Strahan Gary D. , Nunez Alberto , Wyatt Victor T. , Ngo Helen , Ozbay Gulnihal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreviously synthesized C36‐dimer acids (DA) have been esterified (97 ± 0.2% conversion at 120 °C for 72 hours) with 2‐ethylhexanol (2‐EH) to produce a new class of C52‐DA 2‐EH esters that have potential application in biolubricant formulations such as base oils and additives. Investigation of physicochemical and lubricant properties showed the bio‐based esters have good solubility in commercial base stocks such as polyalpha olefin (PAO‐6) (>20 w/w) and high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSuO) (>20 w/w). The neat C52‐DA 2‐EH esters displayed a three‐ to eightfold higher kinematic viscosity and comparable viscosity index (VI = 134) as a commercial base stock, PAO‐6 (VI =137). Both C52‐DA 2‐EH esters, whose parent C36‐DA were synthesized with two different zeolite catalysts, were oxidatively stable above 176 °C. Blending C52‐DA 2‐EH esters in HOSuO improved the pour point (PP) of HOSuO from −18.8 to −21.0 °C at 1% w/w and the cloud point (CP) from −6.3 to −10.6 °C at 8% w/w of C52‐DA 2‐EH ester 1. A similar trend was observed for C52‐DA 2‐EH ester 2, indicating that the esters possess PP depressant (PPD) characteristics in HOSuO blends. Blending C52‐DA 2‐EH esters in PAO‐6 increased the VI of PAO‐6, which is an indication that the bio‐based esters were acting as VI improvers (VII). It was concluded that C52‐DA 2‐EH esters can be employed commercially as bio‐based base oils and as PPD and VII additives in lubricant formulations.
Reducing CO2 emissions and process cost in vinyl acetate/acetic acid/acetic anhydride ternary mixture via heat pumps with heat exchange network
Authors: Zhu Ming , Fan Xiaoqiang , Ma Jiangquan , Li Nan , Gao Xiaoxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA systematic design and optimization method for vinyl acetate/acetic acid/acetic anhydride ternary system separation processes is proposed. Herein, four separation schemes including the conventional distillation, the inter‐column mechanical vapor recompression heat pump distillation (IMVRHP), the double mechanical vapor recompression heat pumps distillation (DMVRHPs), and DMVRHPs with heat exchange network (DMVRHPs‐HEN) are conducted. The optimal separation process is determined by minimizing the total annual cost (TAC) and CO2 emission. As a result, the three designed mechanical vapor recompression heat pump distillation (MVRHP) processes show better performance in all aspects than conventional distillation process. Specifically, the DMVRHPs‐HEN scheme saves 89.75% of the CO2 emission and 0.09% of the TAC compared with conventional distillation process. More important, the TACs of DMVRHPs‐HEN are decreased by 22.21% and 57.69% compared with those of conventional distillation process when the payback period is 5 and 8 years, respectively. This research is expected to provide theoretical guidance for the energy saving scheme of vinyl acetate/acetic acid/acetic anhydride ternary system.
Preparation and characterization of soy protein isolate/SiO2 nanocomposite films and their walnut oil microcapsules
Authors: Yang Zongling , Luo Lin , Fan Fangyu , Su Jingcheng , Zhou Chongyin , Kan Huan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, nano‐SiO2/soy protein isolate composite film was prepared by casting method. The effects of (adding 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% w/w) nano‐SiO2 on the properties of the resulting blend films were investigated. Results showed that the addition of 5% nano‐SiO2 exhibited good barrier properties. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and elongation at break of the film with 7% nano‐SiO2 is increased by 82.6% and 31.49% correspondingly. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the melting temperature of the composite film is increased by 56.6°C compared with the pure film. The wall material modified by nano‐SiO2 (adding 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% w/w) was used for encapsulating walnut oil by spray drying. After accelerating oxidation test at 63°C for 12 days, we found that the encapsulation efficiency value of walnut oil microcapsules with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% nano‐SiO2 decreased by 64.23%, 48%, 21%, 22%, 21.00%, and 31% respectively. The results suggested that the stability of the core material was improved by adding nano‐SiO2 to the wall material.
Circulating tumor cells detected with a microcavity array predict clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Kazuto , Ofuji Kazuya , Hiramatsu Katsushi , Nosaka Takuto , Naito Tatsushi , Matsuda Hidetaka , Endo Katsuya , Higuchi Masayuki , Ohtani Masahiro , Nemoto Tomoyuki , Nakamoto Yasunari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to establish a novel isolation strategy for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a microcavity array (MCA) system and to evaluate the clinical significance of CTCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined recovery rates of HCC cell lines spiked into whole blood in MCA assay. Circulating tumor cells were isolated from peripheral blood samples (3 mL) of 7 healthy donors (HD), 14 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 31 patients with HCC using the MCA system. Additionally, we investigated the mRNA expression of liver‐specific genes in isolated CTCs using qPCR. The recovery rates were 65.1% (HepG2), 76.7% (HuH7), and 99.0% (PLC/PRF/5). In HD and patients with LC and HCC, the CTC positivity rate (CTCs ≥10) and average CTC number were as follows: HD 0% and 0.1, LC 14.3% and 5.3, HCC 54.8% and 47.6, respectively. The CTC positivity rate in HCC was significantly higher than that in LC (p < 0.05). The number of CTCs was significantly higher in metastatic HCC (102.2 ± 160.6) than in localized HCC (8.2 ± 7.7) (p < 0.05). The expression of AFP, glypican‐3, EpCAM, and albumin (ALB) genes was detected in isolated CTCs. The positive CTCs (CTCs ≥10) significantly reduced the cumulative survival in patients with HCC (p = 0.025), especially in localized patients with HCC (p = 0.046). The newly developed MCA system has the potential to isolate CTCs from HCC with high sensitivity, and mRNA expression could be measured from CTCs. Identification of positive CTCs can help predict clinical outcome of patients with HCC. Thus, analysis of CTCs in patients with HCC may provide important information as a novel biomarker in disease progression.
Positive versus negative contact and refugees' intentions to migrate: The mediating role of perceived discrimination, life satisfaction and identification with the host society among Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Özkan Zafer , Ergün Naif , Çakal Hüseyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost research on refugee integration focuses on attitudes toward refugees among the members of the host society. Consequently, little is known on refugees' intentions to return home or migrate to another country. The present research investigates whether positive and negative contact with Turks are related to Syrian refugees' migration decisions via perceived discrimination, identification with the host society, and life satisfaction. Using a sample of Syrian adults (N = 285), we found that positive contact with Turks was associated with reduced return intentions via perceived discrimination and identification with the host society and with reduced intentions to migrate from Turkey to the Western countries via life satisfaction. Negative contact was only associated with increased return intentions via perceived discrimination. This study underscores the role of intergroup contact to better understand migration decisions of refugees and potential underlying mechanisms to explain this association. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
A review on Arthrobacter sp. lipase: A versatile biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution to access enantiomerically pure/enriched compounds
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Chaubey Asha , Mahajan Neha , Anand Naveen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reports related to Arthrobacter sp. lipase (ABL:MTCC No. 5125) catalyzed kinetic resolution performed in biphasic media. A strain displaying esterase/lipase activity and designated as ABL was isolated, during the course of a screening program at Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu. Considerable research has shown that reactions catalyzed by ABL are more selective than many commercial lipases. Since new applications of this lipase are emerging, there is a great need to provide all the relevant information exclusively. This review article is an attempt to cover all the relevant reports based on isolation, purification, immobilization, and application of ABL in the biopharmaceutical sector.
Drug responsiveness of leukemic cells detected in vitro at diagnosis correlates with therapy response and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kolesnikova Maria A. , Sen'kova Aleksandra V. , Pospelova Tatiana I. , Zenkova Marina A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults, and chemotherapy remains the most commonly used treatment approach for this group of hematological disorders. Drug resistance is one of the predictors of unfavorable prognosis for leukemia patients.AimThe purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the survival rate in AML patients according to age, tumor status, and chemotherapy regimen received and to analyze the therapy response of AML patients depending on the treatment received, initial responsiveness of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs measured in vitro at diagnosis and expression of immunological markers.MethodsThe survival of AML patients (n = 127) was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Drug sensitivity of tumor cells of AML patients (n = 37) and the expression of immunological markers were evaluated by the WST test and flow cytometry, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient.ResultsWe found the treatment regimen to be the defining factor in the patient survival rate. In addition, the initial responsiveness of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs measured in vitro at diagnosis correlated with the therapy response of AML: patients with high tumor cell sensitivity to particular cytotoxic drugs demonstrated a good response to treatment including these drugs, and patients with initial resistance of tumor cells to a particular chemotherapeutic agents and received it according to the clinical protocols demonstrated a poor response to antitumor therapy. Correlations of drug resistance in leukemic cells with the expression of immature and aberrant immunophenotype markers as established unfavorable prognostic factors confirm our assumption.ConclusionThe evaluation of the responsiveness of tumor cells to chemotherapy in vitro at diagnosis can be a useful tool for predicting the response of leukemia patients to planned chemotherapy.
Superiority of optimal broadband filter sets under lower noise levels in multispectral color imaging
Authors: Li Sui‐Xian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptimizing multispectral cameras with broadband or narrowband optical filters is necessary for accurate color reproduction and spectral reconstruction. However, optimal broadband filter sets can provide better performance than narrowband filter sets under certain circumstances; previous studies have not addressed this. Herein, after selecting optimal filter sets by using the multi‐objective optimization method, the optimal broadband and narrowband filter sets were systematically compared. Ten different noise variation levels and five distinct spectral channels were employed to process the imaging simulations. Moreover, typical commercial absorption glass filters were used as the broadband filters, and the transmittance curves of the narrow filters were generated by Gaussian functions with varying parameters rather than specific physical modalities. The results indicated that all the selected optimal broadband filter sets exhibited a better performance at lower noise levels, and all the optimal narrowband filter sets had comparatively stronger anti‐noise features, although the optimal filter sets had a better performance than the suboptimal filter sets for both broadband or narrowband filter sets. The dependence of the two different types of the filters on noise levels for optimal performance is significant for designing multispectral cameras, especially for broadband multispectral imaging sensors during high‐quality spectral acquisition.
The nature of night eating syndrome: Using network analysis to understand unique symptomological relationships
Authors: Beauchamp Marshall T. , Allison Kelly C. , Lundgren Jennifer D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesDespite the initial characterization of night eating syndrome (NES) in 1955, the definition and operationalization of its symptoms has varied considerably. To standardize the definition of NES and its symptoms, Allison et al. developed research diagnostic criteria. Even so, conceptualization and intervention of NES remains guided by medical models, which assume that pathology is driven by a distinct, underlying causal mechanism. Conversely, recent work on other eating disorders (EDs) has used network analysis to reconceptualize ED psychopathology and treatment by identifying (a) unique relationships between key symptoms, and (b) the symptoms most central to specific EDs. The present study examined NES symptoms through network analysis to identify the most central symptoms within the NES network.MethodRegularized partial correlation networks were estimated using 144 individuals in a community sample diagnosed with NES. Participants completed semi‐structured interviews, self‐report measures, and food/sleep diaries to measure NES symptoms, nonspecific health domains (e.g., sleep disturbance, overall mood, stress, and circadian rhythm functioning), and transdiagnostic ED symptoms.ResultsDepressed mood, poor sleep quality, and a strong urge to eat upon awakening at night were highly central to the psychopathology network for NES and were significantly more central than most other NES symptoms and nonspecific health domains.DiscussionThis study provides insight on the unique symptomological relationships of NES and sets the stage for future work that can identify causal linkages among NES symptoms. These symptoms represent key elements of the core psychopathology of NES and should represent primary targets for intervention.
Aflatoxin, microbial contamination, sensory attributes, and morphological analysis of pistachio nut coated with methylcellulose
Authors: Moslehi Zeinab , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Moslehi Marzie , Jafarzadeh Shima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPistachio is a nut with high consumption that could be affected by aflatoxin contamination, which affects the consumption market; therefore, broad studies seem to be necessary for this area. In the current study, pistachio nuts (Abbasali variety) were coated with different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of methylcellulose (MC) by immersion method and then stored in the incubator (25°C) for four months. The inhibitory effect of hydrocolloid coating on microbial (mold, yeast, and total count) and aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2, and total aflatoxin) contamination, as well as sensory attributes (flavor, color, crispiness, aroma, and total acceptability), was investigated during storage periods. Results showed that the storage period had a significant effect on yeast, mold, and total count. HPLC analysis results showed that coating with MC had a significant inhibitory effect on aflatoxin contamination, and the highest amount of aflatoxin contamination was related to the control sample (3.5%). All samples except sample coated with MC 0.5% had appropriate total acceptability. Regarding the inhibitory effect of MC edible coating on aflatoxin contamination, its application on pistachio nut could be a promising approach to control the fungus infection and reduce aflatoxin production in coated pistachio.
Female mice may have exacerbated catabolic signalling response compared to male mice during development and progression of disuse atrophy
Authors: Rosa‐Caldwell Megan E. , Lim Seongkyun , Haynie Wesley A. , Brown Jacob L. , Deaver John William , Morena Da Silva Francielly , Jansen Lisa T. , Lee David E. , Wiggs Michael P. , Washington Tyrone A. , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMuscle atrophy is a common pathology associated with disuse, such as prolonged bed rest or spaceflight, and is associated with detrimental health outcomes. There is emerging evidence that disuse atrophy may differentially affect males and females. Cellular mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of disuse remain elusive, particularly protein turnover cascades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial development and progression of disuse muscle atrophy in male and female mice using the well‐established model of hindlimb unloading (HU).MethodsOne hundred C57BL/6J mice (50 male and 50 female) were hindlimb suspended for 0 (control), 24, 48, 72, or 168 h to induce disuse atrophy (10 animals per group). At designated time points, animals were euthanized, and tissues (extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, and soleus for mRNA analysis, gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus for protein synthesis rates, and tibialis anterior for histology) were collected for analysis of protein turnover mechanisms (protein anabolism and catabolism).ResultsBoth males and females lost ~30% of tibialis anterior cross‐sectional area after 168 h of disuse. Males had no statistical difference in MHCIIB fibre area, whereas unloaded females had ~33% lower MHCIIB cross‐sectional area by 168 h of unloading. Both males and females had lower fractional protein synthesis rates (FSRs) within 24–48 h of HU, and females appeared to have a greater reduction compared with males within 24 h of HU (~23% lower FSRs in males vs. 40% lower FSRs in females). Males and females exhibited differential patterns and responses in multiple markers of protein anabolism, catabolism, and myogenic capacity during the development and progression of disuse atrophy. Specifically, females had greater mRNA inductions of catabolic factors Ubc and Gadd45a (~4‐fold greater content in females compared with ~2‐fold greater content in males) and greater inductions of anabolic inhibitors Redd1 and Deptor with disuse across multiple muscle tissues exhibiting different fibre phenotypes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the aetiology of disuse muscle atrophy is more complicated and nuanced than previously thought, with different responses based on muscle phenotypes and between males and females, with females having greater inductions of atrophic markers early in the development of disuse atrophy.
Unpacking professional shame: Patterns of White male engineering students living in and out of threats to their identities
Authors: Huff James L. , Okai Benjamin , Shanachilubwa Kanembe , Sochacka Nicola W. , Walther Joachim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough prior research has provided robust descriptions of engineering students' identity development, a gap in the literature exists related to students' emotional experiences of shame, which undergird the socially constructed expectations of their professional formation.PurposeWe examined the lived experiences of professional shame among White male engineering students in the United States. We conceptualize professional shame to be a painful emotional state that occurs when one perceives they have failed to meet socially constructed expectations or standards that are relevant to their identity in a professional domain.MethodWe conducted unstructured interviews with nine White male engineering students from both a research‐focused institution and a teaching‐focused institution. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine the interview transcripts.ResultsThe findings demonstrated four themes related to how participants experienced professional shame. First, they negotiated their global, or holistic, identities in the engineering domain. Second, they experienced threats to their identities within professional contexts. Third, participants responded to threats in ways that gave prominence to the standards they perceived themselves to have failed. Finally, they repaired their identities through reframing shame experiences and seeking social connection.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that the professional shame phenomenon is interwoven with professional identity development. In experiencing professional shame, White male students might reproduce the shame experience for themselves and others. This finding has important implications for the standards against which members from underrepresented groups may compare themselves and provides insight into the social construction of engineering cultures by dominant groups.
Golgi apparatus components in Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar after monensin treatment
Authors: Talamás‐Lara Daniel , Acosta‐Virgen Karla , Chávez‐Munguía Bibiana , Lagunes‐Guillén Anel , Salazar‐Villatoro Lizbeth , Espinosa‐Cantellano Martha , Martínez‐Palomo Adolfo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly dynamic ribosomes, glycogen granules, thinly fibrillar material, and multiple membrane‐bound vesicles are embedded in the matrix‐rich cytoplasm of Entamoeba spp. trophozoites. The absence of a Golgi apparatus in these amoebae has been commonly accepted. Here we challenge this observation by incubating Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar with monensin, an ionophore that produces swelling of the Golgi apparatus. We observe changes in the trophozoites through standard transmission electron microscopy, cryofixation and cryosubstitution, and analyze the label and expression of known resident proteins of the cis‐GM130 and trans‐TGN38 Golgi network through confocal microscopy and Western blot assays. Cryosubstitution and standard methods using the treatment, preserved membranous lamellae resembling Golgi components. GM130 and TGN38 Golgi antigens were found by immunoelectron, immunoblot, and co‐localization by confocal microscopy using the reagent NBD C6‐ceramide. Our results indicate that previously undetected Golgi apparatus components are present in the cytoplasm of E. histolytica and E. dispar.