bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementarity of Information Products
Authors: Ching Andrew T. , Horstmann Ignatius , Lim Hyunwoo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In “Marketing Information: A Competitive Analysis,” Sarvary, M., and P. M. Parker. 1997. “Marketing Information: A Competitive Analysis.” Marketing Science 16 (1): 24–38 (S&P) argue that in part of the parameter space that they considered, a reduction in the price of one information product can lead to an increase in demand for another information product, i.e. information products can be gross complements. This result is surprising and has potentially important marketing implications. We show that S&P obtain this complementarity result by implicitly making the following internally inconsistent assumptions: (i) after purchasing information products, consumers update their beliefs using a Bayesian updating rule that assumes they have a diffuse initial prior (i.e. their initial prior variance is ∞ before receiving any information); (ii) if consumers choose not to purchase any information product, it is assumed that their initial prior variance is 1 (implied by the utility function specification). This internal inconsistency leads to the possibility that when information products are uncorrelated and their variances are close to 1, marginal utility is increasing in the number of products purchased, and hence information products can be complements in their model. We show that if we remove this internal inconsistency, in the parameter space considered by S&P, information products cannot be complements because the marginal utility of information products will be diminishing. We also show that, in parts of the parameter space not considered by S&P, it is possible that information products are complements; this space of parameters requires consumer’s initial prior to be relatively precise and information products to be highly correlated (either positively or negatively).
Collocation based training of neural ordinary differential equations
Authors: Roesch Elisabeth , Rackauckas Christopher , Stumpf Michael P. H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The predictive power of machine learning models often exceeds that of mechanistic modeling approaches. However, the interpretability of purely data-driven models, without any mechanistic basis is often complicated, and predictive power by itself can be a poor metric by which we might want to judge different methods. In this work, we focus on the relatively new modeling techniques of neural ordinary differential equations. We discuss how they relate to machine learning and mechanistic models, with the potential to narrow the gulf between these two frameworks: they constitute a class of hybrid model that integrates ideas from data-driven and dynamical systems approaches. Training neural ODEs as representations of dynamical systems data has its own specific demands, and we here propose a collocation scheme as a fast and efficient training strategy. This alleviates the need for costly ODE solvers. We illustrate the advantages that collocation approaches offer, as well as their robustness to qualitative features of a dynamical system, and the quantity and quality of observational data. We focus on systems that exemplify some of the hallmarks of complex dynamical systems encountered in systems biology, and we map out how these methods can be used in the analysis of mathematical models of cellular and physiological processes.
Normalizing Surveillance
Authors: Selinger Evan , Rhee Hyo Joo (Judy) 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Definitions of privacy change, as do norms for protecting it. Why, then, are privacy scholars and activists currently worried about “normalization”? This essay explains what normalization means in the context of surveillance concerns and clarifies why normalization has significant governance consequences. We emphasize two things. First, the present is a transitional moment in history. AI-infused surveillance tools offer a window into the unprecedented dangers of automated real-time monitoring and analysis. Second, privacy scholars and activists can better integrate supporting evidence to counter skepticism about their most disturbing and speculative claims about normalization. Empirical results in moral psychology support the assertion that widespread surveillance typically will lead people to become favorably disposed toward it. If this causal dynamic is pervasive, it can diminish autonomy and contribute to a slippery slope trajectory that diminishes privacy and civil liberties.
Covid-19 Response Models and Divergences Within the EU: A Health Dis-Union
Authors: Ceron Matilde , Palermo Carlo Maria , Grechi Daniele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The symmetric shock of the Covid-19 pandemic has come with heterogeneous consequences across the world. Within the common institutional framework of the European Union, the outbreak has put under extreme stress governance and interplay between the national and supranational level. Under some coordination, responses have remained largely in the hands and on the shoulders of the Member States. In this context, the article classifies pandemic outbreaks and responses along the containment and fiscal support dimensions to uncover whether a common model for Covid-19 crisis management arises across the EU27 or rather different policy choices patterns emerge within the continent. Based on indicators covering the three dimensions derived from the Oxford Covid Government response tracker, the John Hopkins CSSE Covid-19 database and the European Commission Autumn Forecasts, the paper employs hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover response group across countries and characterize them by the outbreak, containment and fiscal support strengths, delineating as well the geographical distribution across and within the clusters. The findings present the heterogeneity of response models, robust to alternative specifications and timeframes across the first and the second wave, deriving broader implications for the outlook for the vaccine-roll out and exit from the crisis. The dynamics in 2020 are also considered in the context of the shortcomings of supranational governance within the EU and the current policy reform debate, highlighting the high stakes for the upcoming Conference on the Future of Europe. The contribution of the work is furthered by offering a systematic methodology and framework to study heterogeneities of pandemic responses within the EU paving the way for further analysis of contributing factors explaining decision-makers policy choices as well as performance concerning political, social and economic outcomes across the models.
The gender system of Anii
Authors: Fiedler Ines 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present paper describes the gender system of Anii, a Na-Togo language spoken in Benin and Togo. Anii has a full-fledged and productive gender system that consists of 10 agreement classes. It also provides 10 nominal form classes that are not fully identical with the agreement classes. The assignment of gender follows largely morphological criteria, but the prevalent principle for the current classification system is the division of nouns along the animacy hierarchy.
Das Risikomanagement in Genossenschaftsbanken und Sparkassen gemäß Risiko- und Offenlegungsbericht
Authors: Helms Nils , Seufert Nina 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Kreditinstitute müssen im Rahmen der externen Rechnungslegung und der Regulatorik über ihr Risikomanagement berichten. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert für Genossenschaftsbanken und Sparkassen vergleichend, welche Informationen der Berichtsadressat aus dem externen Risiko- und Offenlegungsbericht gewinnen kann und welche Redundanzen dabei bestehen. Die Untersuchung verdeutlicht, dass die Informationen zum Risikomanagement in den von den Instituten publizierten Risiko- und Offenlegungsberichten unterschiedlich ausführlich ausfallen, teils institutsunspezifische Standardtexte verwendet werden und Redundanzen die Berichtstransparenz einschränken. Zukünftig sollte in der Berichtspraxis möglichst ein Berichtsmedium eingesetzt, die Angaben auf das spezifisch Entscheidungsrelevante fokussiert und gesetzliche Vorgaben spezifiziert werden.
Die Beteiligung einer Kommune an einer Infrastrukturgenossenschaft
Authors: Schwarzer Pascal 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag skizziert die eingangs erwähnten Entscheidungen des Verwaltungsgerichts Hannover und des Oberverwaltungsgerichts Lüneburg, in denen es um die kommunalverfassungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit der Beteiligung einer Kommune an einer Fernwärme- und Breitbandnetzgenossenschaft ging. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung des Sachverhalts und der gerichtlichen Argumentation werden die Entscheidungen anhand der klassischen Auslegungsmethoden einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen. Im Schlussteil werden die sich aus der Rechtsform der eingetragenen Genossenschaft ergebenden Besonderheiten, insbesondere im Vergleich zu den klassischen Kapitalgesellschaften, beleuchtet.
La necesaria discusión teórica marxista del Estado en el proceso de formación profesional en Trabajo Social
Authors: Monge Arias Adriana 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo pretende exponer la importancia que posee para la formación de Trabajo Social el estudio, análisis y comprensión del Estado desde los aportes del marxismo. Por ello, tiene como objetivo evidenciar a nivel teórico la relevancia de éste pensamiento para la profesión en su praxis a través de las políticas sociales implementadas por el aparato estatal.
Para la elaboración del artículo se tomó como base la ponencia presentada en el X Congreso Nacional y el VII Congreso Internacional de Trabajo Social llevado a cabo en Costa Rica del 19 al 21 de julio del 2017. Se incorporaron las reflexiones teóricas-metodológicas de los cursos Teoría del Estado y Políticas Públicas y Estado y Políticas Sociales en Costa Rica, impartidos por la autora durante cinco años para la carrera de Trabajo Social, en la Sede de Occidente.
Además, fue complementado con el desarrollo de la tesis en la Maestría Centroamericana en Sociología de la Universidad de Costa Rica; así como, por los resultados de la investigación, La política social asistencial en la región de Alajuela y su relación con el proyecto de formación y praxis de la Carrera de Trabajo Social de la Sede de Occidente. A partir de ésta investigación se obtuvo, como uno de sus productos, una síntesis de los programas impartidos en la carrera de Trabajo Social en el cuarto año, o III nivel (último año para obtener el título de bachillerato) vinculado a un análisis documental de datos relevantes para comprender el origen y desarrollo que ha tenido la formación en esta profesión en el espacio regional. Por tanto, se tiene como punto de partida que la profesión del Trabajo Social por medio de una praxis crítica, puede lograr avances en los procesos que busquen cierto bienestar de la clase trabajadora, masas populares y grupos oprimidos en el capitalismo. Para ello, es fundamental el conocimiento sobre la forma Estado capitalista y su funcionamiento, a partir de los aportes del marxismo hacia una teoría del Estado. Es decir, la necesaria comprensión a partir de ésta matriz teórica-metodológica teniendo como punto de partida la particularización de la profesión en el espacio estatal como producto de la sociedad burguesa. La tesis lleva por título: El Estado capitalista y su política social asistencialista: La intervención del IMAS en las “mujeres pobres” que participan de la estrategia Puente al Desarrollo. Se aclara que aún se encuentra en proceso de elaboración (fase de análisis y realización del informe final) para ser defendida. La investigación fue aprobada por la Coordinación de Investigación, de la Sede de Occidente para ser inscrita en la Vicerrectoría de Investigación, de la Universidad de Costa Rica, y ejecutada durante el 2017-2019.
Challenges and needs for system-level electrochemical lithium-ion battery management and diagnostics
Authors: Tanim Tanvir R. , Dufek Eric J. , Sazhin Sergiy V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe desire for energy-dense and fast-charged battery technology in consumer electronics, electric vehicle, grid, and aviation applications is pushing the envelope from materials to cell and pack designs. However, some approaches could inherently decrease safety of the battery—thus requiring the development of advanced management and diagnostics. Safety of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), particularly in multicell configurations, is highly variable and could evolve with use. Existing works primarily focus on cell life and safety diagnostics without considering module and pack-level uncertainties and sometimes imply that cell-level electrochemical diagnostics would work in modules or packs, a naive oversimplification. Using example case studies, we highlight the potential and challenges associated with extending single-cell diagnostics to multiple cells, note the existing gaps, and motivate the research, development, and support communities to devote efforts to fill the gap by developing diagnostics at these levels for current- and future-generation LiBs.
Investigating the rheology of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) dispersions for colloidal processing: Progress and challenges
Authors: Greaves Michael , Mende Mana , Wang Jiacheng , Yang Wenji , Barg Suelen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong 2D materials, MXenes (especially their most studied member, titanium carbide) present a unique opportunity for application via colloidal processing, as they are electrically conductive and chemically active, whilst still being easily dispersed in water. And since the first systematic study of colloidal MXene rheology was published in 2018 (Rheological Characteristics of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) Dispersions: A Guide for Processing MXenes by Akuzum, et al.), numerous works have presented small amounts of rheological data which together contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic. This work reviews the published rheological data on all MXene-containing formulations, including liquid crystals, mixtures and non-aqueous colloids, which have been used in processes such as stamping, patterning, 2D and 3D printing. An empirical model of aqueous titanium carbide viscosity has been developed, and recommendations are made to help researchers more effectively present their data for future rheological analysis.
Graphic abstract
Controlling shear band instability by nanoscale heterogeneities in metallic nanoglasses
Authors: Nandam Sree Harsha , Schwaiger Ruth , Kobler Aaron , Kübel Christian , Wang Chaomin , Ivanisenko Yulia , Hahn Horst 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Strain localization during plastic deformation drastically reduces the shear band stability in metallic glasses, ultimately leading to catastrophic failure. Therefore, improving the plasticity of metallic glasses has been a long-standing goal for several decades. In this regard, nanoglass, a novel type of metallic glass, has been proposed to exhibit differences in short and medium range order at the interfacial regions, which could promote the formation of shear transformation zones. In the present work, by introducing heterogeneities at the nanoscale, both crystalline and amorphous, significant improvements in plasticity are realized in micro-compression tests. Both amorphous and crystalline dispersions resulted in smaller strain bursts during plastic deformation. The yield strength is found to increase significantly in Cu–Zr nanoglasses compared to the corresponding conventional metallic glasses. The reasons for the mechanical behavior and the importance of nanoscale dispersions to tailor the properties is discussed in detail.

Graphic Abstract
Metafory konceptualne wyrażające wiarę w życie wieczne w tekstach reprezentatywnych
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz 
Published: July 2021

Analizowane w artykule metafory konceptualne, które wyrażają wiarę w życie wieczne, są oddawane jako archetypy pozytywne. Zarówno metafory przestrzenne, jak i metafory ontologiczne są wiodącymi schematami wyobrażeniowymi dotyczącymi miejsc nadprzyrodzonych czy cech tych miejsc. Rozważane metafory tworzyły uniwersalny język chrześcijański, a przez swą obrazowość angażowały wyobraźnię wiernych, wzbogacając uczuciowe reakcje czytelnika na przekaz teologiczny dotyczący tematyki nieba i wieczności.
„Czyściec na ziemi” – możliwość, natura i skutki
Authors: Kulik Bogdan 
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie, że w świetle wypowiedzi Magisterium Kościoła, teologów i mistyków warto podjąć refleksję nad tzw. „czyśćcem na ziemi”, czyli świadomym i dobrowolnym procesem oczyszczania się z konsekwencji grzechów, który jeśli nie zostanie ukończony przed śmiercią, swoje dopełnienie będzie miał po niej, w stanie nazywanym czyśćcem. Artykuł składa się z trzech części omawiających kolejno: możliwość, naturę i skutki tzw. „czyśćca na ziemi”, a zostaje zwieńczony wnioskiem natury praktycznej, zachęcającym do odpowiedzialnego zaangażowania we własny rozwój duchowy.
Effect of withdrawing long-term CPAP therapy on the course of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Agaltsov M. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To assess the effect of withdrawing long-term (12 months) CPAP therapy on the course of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with moderate to severe disease.Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with moderate to severe OSA and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after surgical treatment. The mean age of the subjects was 59,3+8,2 years. In addition, 55% of patients had obesity. All patients were started on CPAP therapy. After 12 months, CPAP therapy was canceled in the patients who completed the study. Additional cardiorespiratory sleep monitoring was performed 1-2 days after the withdrawal of treatment to assess the severity of sleep-related breathing disorders.Results. Cancellation of CPAP therapy in all observed cases led to an immediate relapse of OSA. Although the mean value of the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 24 episodes per hour [20; 34] before treatment up to 21 episodes per hour [13; 27] after 12-month CPAP therapy, there was no significant difference before and after therapy. In addition, the statistical analysis showed a transition from more severe OSA degrees to moderate ones, depending on the initial severity of the disease. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationships of the OSA severity, the final AHI value and the minimum oxygen level with the patient’s body weight (before and after therapy) (r=0,396, 0,411 and -0,488; r=0,358, 0,398 and -0,44, respectively, p<0,05).Conclusion. In our study, when the 12-month CPAP therapy was canceled, no complete cure for sleep-related breathing disorders was recorded in any case. OSA recurrence was recorded immediately after discontinuation of CPAP therapy (on days 1-2) and its severity depended on the initial severity of the disease. At present, the continuation of CPAP therapy remains the only way to achieve complete control of OSA as a risk factor for AF.
Symptomatic hypotensive episodes in patients with hypertension. Relationship with blood pressure self-monitoring parameters
Authors: Ermasova S. A. , Sokolov I. M. , Shvarts Yu. G. 
Published: July 2021

Aim.To study the relationship between symptomatic hypotensive episodes (SHEs) and parameters of self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMPB) in patients with hypertension (HTN).Material and methods.A total of 77 patients from 40 to 76 years old with HTN were examined. To identify SHEs, an original questionnaire was used. Patients underwent SMBP in the morning and evening, as well as recorded SHE in the diary. The self-monitoring period lasted 4 weeks. Patients without prior myocardial infarction and/or stroke are conventionally called “uncomplicated” HTN, while with cardiovascular events in history — “complicated” HTN.Results.According to the questionnaire, 48 (62,3%) patients noted SHEs. Uncomplicated HTN was recorded in 19 (51,4%) participants, while complicated one — in 29 (72,5%) (p=0,05). Blood pressure during SHEs was on average higher in patients with complicated HTN than in uncomplicated HTN (103/60 vs 95/60 mm Hg (p=0,05)). With a combination of uncomplicated HTN and SEG, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (125,9±10,5 vs 137,9±8,2 mm Hg), evening SBP (125,3±8,1vs 133,3±10,4 mm Hg), maximum SBP (149,8±11,8 vs 161,7±12,1 mm Hg) in the morning, as well as minimum SBP in the evening (101,8±10,8 vs 113,7±9,7 mm Hg) were lower than in patients without SHEs (p<0,05).In complicated HTN, an opposite relationship was observed: patients with SHEs had higher mean SBP (133,49±12,4 vs 118,93±15,3 mm Hg), maximum SBP (162,8±11,6 vs 141,7±12,0 mm Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (91,5±5,6 vs 83,5±8,8 mm Hg) in the morning (p<0,05), as well as higher variability of morning (11,8±2,1 vs 8,2±2,7 mm Hg) and evening SBP (11,9±4,2 vs 8,6±3,2 mm Hg) compared with patients without SHEs (p<0,05). There were no significant differences in antihypertensive therapy.Conclusion.More than half of patients with hypertension report SHEs. SHEs in patients without prior myocardial infarction and/or stroke were characterized by lower blood pressure level than in subjects with prior cardiovascular events. Among patients with SHEs without cardiovascular events, the values of morning, evening, and maximum SBP in the morning are lower than in patients without SHEs. In patients with complicated HTN and SHEs, the opposite trend was observed: higher SBP and DBP in the morning, as well as greater variability of morning and evening SBP, in comparison with those without SHEs. These patterns cannot be explained by the antihypertensive drugs taken.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of <i>in situ</i> versus composite bimammary coronary artery bypass grafting: immediate outcomes and 30-day mortality
Authors: Enginoev S. T. , Kondratyev D. A. , Magomedov G. M. , Ekimov S. S. , Zenkov A. A. , Motreva А. P. , Kadyraliev B. K. , Chernov I. I. , Tarasov D. G. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To compare the immediate outcomes and 30-day mortality of in situ bimammary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using two internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) versus a composite grafting.Material and methods. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for a period from 1990 to 2020 for studies comparing in situ bimammary CABG versus composite grafts. The PICO search model was used as follows: patient, intervention, comparison, outcomes. The data were derived by two independent researchers and subjected to a meta-analysis using a random effect.Results. A total of 10 studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Of these, there were 2 randomized controlled trials (n=705), 4 observational propensity score matching studies (n=4267) and 4 unadjusted observational studies (n=3517). With both ITA in situ surgery, fewer distal anastomoses are applied (MD=0,23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,15-0,32; p<0,001). But there was no significant difference n myocardial ischemia between groups (3 min with 95% CI, -3,23-9,79; p=0,32). There was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of perioperative stroke (hazard ratio (HR)=0,5; 95% CI; 0,63-1,74; p=0,85 ), myocardial infarction (HR=1,1; 95% CI 0,66-1,85; p=0,71), mediastinitis (HR=0,86; 95% CI; 0,62-1,20; p=0,38), resternotomy due to bleeding (HR=1,29; 95% CI, 0,75-2,21; p=0,36), acute renal injury (HR=1,24; 95% CI, 0, 84-1,84; p=0,29), inhospital mortality (HR=1,08; 95% CI, 0,67-1,75; p=0,75) and 30-day mortality (HR=1,19; 95% CI, 0,81-1,75; p=0,38), but the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the group with both ITA in situ surgery (RR=1,23 with 95% CI 1,04-1,44; p=0,01).Conclusion. With composite bimammary CABG, more distal anastomoses with ITA were applied, while the time of myocardial ischemia did not differ between the groups. We found no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke, mediastinitis, acute renal injury, resternotomy due to bleeding, inhospital mortality, and 30-day mortality. But at the same time, the HR for postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the group with both ITA in situ surgery.