bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The autistic brain can process local but not global emotion regularities in facial and musical sequences
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhou Linshu , Liu Fang , Xue Chao , Jiang Jun , Jiang Cunmei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a global processing deficit remains controversial. Global integration requires extraction of regularity across various timescales, yet little is known about how individuals with ASD process regularity at local (short timescale) versus global (long timescale) levels. To this end, we used event‐related potentials to investigate whether individuals with ASD would show different neural responses to local (within trial) versus global (across trials) emotion regularities extracted from sequential facial expressions; and if so, whether this visual abnormality would generalize to the music (auditory) domain. Twenty individuals with ASD and 21 age‐ and IQ‐matched individuals with typical development participated in this study. At an early processing stage, ASD participants exhibited preserved neural responses to violations of local emotion regularity for both faces and music. At a later stage, however, there was an absence of neural responses in ASD to violations of global emotion regularity for both faces and music. These findings suggest that the autistic brain responses to emotion regularity are modulated by the timescale of sequential stimuli, and provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in ASD.
Comparison of natural white clay and acid‐activated white clay for removal of Cd(II) ion from aqueous solution
Authors: Kim Daeik , Hwang Sun‐Jin , Ryoo Keon Sang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural white clay obtained from Pohang city in Korea was treated with 6 M H2SO4 and heated at 90 °C for 8 h. The generated clay, called as acid‐activated white clay in this study, was employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ in aqueous solution. It was found that the specific surface area and the pore volume of acid‐activated white clay were enhanced when compared with those of natural white clay. The adsorption rate of acid‐activated white clay toward Cd2+ occurred steeply at initial contact time and reached equilibrium within 0.5 h. The amount of Cd2+ adsorbed at equilibrium reduced from 94.2% to 37.94% by increasing initial Cd2+ concentrations from 10 mg L−1 to 100 mg L−1, whereas the amount of Cd2+ increased from 13.54% to 93.38% as adsorbent dose increases from 0.1 g to 1.0 g. The adsorption data of Cd2+ by acid‐activated white clay were introduced to pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, and Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively. It was seen that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherms were applied well to describe the adsorption behavior of acid‐activated white clay toward Cd2+ due to their higher correlation coefficient R2. The maximum adsorption capacities of Langmuir, Q, for natural white clay and acid‐activated white clay were found to be 17.15 mg g−1 and 36.48 mg g−1, respectively. The results of study suggest that acid‐activated white clay can be used as an efficient and low‐cost material for the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater.
Study of the metabolism of myricetin in rat urine, plasma and feces by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Huajian , Li Haoran , Jiang Shan , Xu Jing , Cui Yifang , Wang Hong , Dai Long , Lin Yongqiang , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMyricetin is a common natural flavonoid compound with various pharmacological activities. However, the metabolite characterization of this substance remains inadequate. In this study, a simple and rapid system strategy based on UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry combining parallel reaction monitoring mode was established to screen and identify myricetin metabolites in rat urine, plasma and feces after oral administration. A total of 38 metabolites were fully or partially characterized based on their accurate mass, characteristic fragment ions, retention times, corresponding cLogP values, etc. These metabolites were presumed to be generated through glucuronidation, glucosylation, sulfation, dihydroxylation, acetylation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation and their composite reactions. In addition, the characteristic fragmentation pathways of flavonoids with more metabolites were summarized for the subsequent metabolite identification. The study provides an overall metabolic profile of myricetin, which would be of great help in predicting the in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and understanding the action mechanism of this active ingredient.
Heilen mit Tiergiften
Authors: Lüddecke Tim , Vilcinskas Andreas 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungTiergifte sind im Tierreich weit verbreitet und werden entweder aktiv oder passiv zum Beutefang, zur Verteidigung gegen Angreifer oder zur Konkurrenzvermeidung eingesetzt. Sie gehören zu den komplexesten chemischen Gemischen im Tierreich. Die darin enthaltenen Toxine sind extrem vielfältig und repräsentieren deshalb eine Schatztruhe für die Naturstoffforschung. Man schätzt, dass in den ca. 200.000 giftigen Tierarten bis 20 Millionen Wirkstoffe vorkommen, von denen etwa 16.000 untersucht wurden. Aus diesen resultierten bislang 18 Medikamente, die auf dem Markt sind. Der kombinierte Einsatz von modernen Omics‐Methoden (Transkriptomik, Genomik und Proteomik) und neuartigen bioinformatischen Werkzeugen im neuen Forschungsgebiet „Animal Venomics“ ermöglicht die effiziente Erschließung von Tiergiften als Bioressource für neue Wirkstoffe für Anwendungen in der Medizin oder im Pflanzenschutz. Dabei stehen nicht mehr nur tropische Giftschlagen, Skorpione oder Spinnen im Fokus, sondern zunehmend auch einheimische Tiere wie die Wespenspinne, der Feuersalamander oder die Kreuzotter.
Expression of proteins associated with the Warburg‐effect and survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Offermans Kelly , Jenniskens Josien CA , Simons Colinda CJM , Samarska Iryna , Fazzi Gregorio E , Smits Kim M , Schouten Leo J , Weijenberg Matty P , Grabsch Heike I , van den Brandt Piet A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that the expression of proteins related to the Warburg effect may have prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC), but results remain inconsistent. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between Warburg‐subtypes and patient survival in a large population‐based series of CRC patients. In the present study, we investigated the expression of six proteins related to the Warburg effect (LDHA, GLUT1, MCT4, PKM2, p53, PTEN) by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 2,399 incident CRC patients from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study. Expression levels of the six proteins were combined into a pathway‐based sum‐score and patients were categorised into three Warburg‐subtypes (low/moderate/high). The associations between Warburg‐subtypes and CRC‐specific and overall survival were investigated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models. CRC patients were classified as Warburg‐low (n = 695, 29.0%), Warburg‐moderate (n = 858, 35.8%) or Warburg‐high (n = 841, 35.1%). Patients with Warburg‐high CRC had the poorest CRC‐specific [hazard ratio (HR) 1.17; 95% CI 1.00–1.38] and overall survival (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05–1.35), independent of known prognostic factors. In stratified analyses, this was particularly true for patients with tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage III CRC (HRCRC‐specific 1.45; 95% CI 1.10–1.92 and HRoverall 1.47; 95% CI 1.15–1.87), and cancers located in the rectum (HRoverall 1.56; 95% CI 1.15–2.13). To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the prognostic value of immunohistochemistry‐based Warburg‐subtypes in CRC. Our data suggest that Warburg‐subtypes are related to potentially important differences in CRC survival. Further research is required to validate our findings and to investigate the potential clinical utility of these Warburg‐subtypes in CRC.
Enhanced Memristive Performance of Double Perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6‐xClx Devices by Chloride Doping
Authors: Sun Caixiang , Luo Feifei , Ruan Liuxia , Tong Junwei , Yan Linwei , Zheng Yadan , Han Xiaoli , Zhang Yanlin , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMixed halide perovskites are promising memristive materials because of their excellent electronic‐ionic properties. In this work, lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6‐xClx (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) double perovskite films were fabricated using a one‐step solution spin‐coating method in air. Moreover, the ITO/Cs2AgBiBr6‐xClx/Al sandwich‐like devices are fabricated to investigate the memristive behaviors. The present memristors exhibit nonvolatile and bipolar resistive switching behaviors without electroforming process. Interestingly, as the chloride content increases, the ON/OFF ratio of the device increases from 103 to 104, the average SET voltage and the RESET voltage decrease from −0.40 V to −0.21 V and from 1.55 V to 1.34 V, respectively. In addition, resistance states of devices can be maintained after 100 switching cycles and 104 s of reading. This study provides new possibility for the development of low‐power and environmentally friendly memristors.
Metacognitive training modified for negative symptoms: A feasibility study
Authors: Swanson Linda , Schwannauer Matthias , Bird Tim , Eliasson Emma , Millar Audrey , Moritz Steffen , Griffiths Helen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough patients often prioritize the treatment of negative symptoms, few psychological interventions targeting negative symptoms exist. This study attempts to fill this gap by piloting a modified metacognitive training programme, specifically targeted at negative symptoms (MCT‐N), with a group of patients with prominent negative symptoms.MethodWe adopted a mixed methods case series design, providing detailed quantitative data on changes over time, to focus on potential mechanisms underlying the intervention, in combination with qualitative interviews.ResultsThe intervention showed good feasibility as demonstrated by the attendance rate, the positive feedback from participants and the multidisciplinary team, and the improvements on negative symptoms observed following the intervention. Multilevel modelling showed that depression, internalized stigma and reflective functioning explained the variance in negative symptoms.DiscussionThe pilot study indicated that the intervention has high feasibility and that improvements in negative symptoms can be partially explained by improvements on depression, stigma and reflective functioning.
Energy limitation or sensitive predators? Trophic and non‐trophic impacts of wastewater pollution on stream food webs
Authors: Mor Jordi‐René , Muñoz Isabel , Sabater Sergi , Zamora Lluís , Ruhi Albert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImpacts of environmental stressors on food webs are often difficult to predict because trophic levels can respond in divergent ways, and biotic interactions may dampen or amplify responses. Here we studied food‐web‐level impacts of urban wastewater pollution, a widespread source of degradation that can alter stream food webs via top‐down and bottom‐up processes. Wastewater may (1) subsidize primary producers by decreasing nutrient limitation, inducing a wide‐bottomed trophic pyramid. However, (2) wastewater may also reduce the quality and diversity of resources, which could decrease energy transfer efficiency by reducing consumer fitness, leading to predator starvation. Additionally, (3) if higher trophic levels are particularly sensitive to pollution, primary consumers could be released from predation pressure. We tested these hypotheses in 10 pairs of stream sites located upstream and downstream of urban wastewater effluents with different pollutant levels. We found that wastewater pollution reduced predator richness by ∼34%. Community size spectra (CSS) slopes were steeper downstream than upstream of wastewater effluents in all except one impact site where predators became locally extinct. Further, variation in downstream CSS slopes were correlated with pollution loads: the more polluted the stream, the steeper the CSS. We estimate that wastewater pollution decreased energy transfer efficiencies to primary consumers by ∼70%, limiting energy supply to predators. Additionally, traits increasing vulnerability to chemical pollution were overrepresented among predators, which presented compressed trophic niches (δ15N‐δ13C) downstream of effluents. Our results show that wastewater pollution can impact stream food webs via a combination of energy limitation to consumers and extirpation of pollution‐sensitive top predators. Understanding the indirect (biotically mediated) vs. direct (abiotic) mechanisms controlling responses to stress may help anticipating impacts of altered water quantity and quality, key signatures of global change.
Identifying patients at increased risk for poor outcomes from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PROMPT‐HF risk model
Authors: DeVore Adam D. , Hill Claude Larry , Thomas Laine E. , Albert Nancy M. , Butler Javed , Patterson J. Herbert , Hernandez Adrian F. , Williams Fredonia B. , Shen Xian , Spertus John A. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to develop a risk prediction tool that incorporated both clinical events and worsening health status for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Identifying patients with HFrEF at increased risk of a poor outcome may enable proactive interventions that improve outcomes.Methods and resultsWe used data from a longitudinal HF registry, CHAMP‐HF, to develop a risk prediction tool for poor outcomes over the next 6 months. A poor outcome was defined as death, an HF hospitalization, or a ≥20‐point decrease (or decrease below 25) in 12‐item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ‐12) overall summary score. Among 4546 patients in CHAMP‐HF, 1066 (23%) experienced a poor outcome within 6 months (1.3% death, 11% HF hospitalization, and 11% change in KCCQ‐12). The model demonstrated moderate discrimination (c‐index = 0.65) and excellent calibration with observed data. The following variables were associated with a poor outcome: age, race, education, New York Heart Association class, baseline KCCQ‐12, atrial fibrillation, coronary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, smoking, prior HF hospitalization, and systolic blood pressure. We also created a simplified model with a 0–10 score using six variables (New York Heart Association class, KCCQ‐12, coronary disease, chronic kidney disease, prior HF hospitalization, and systolic blood pressure) with similar discrimination (c‐index = 0.63). Patients scoring 0–3 were considered low risk (event rate <20%), 4–6 were considered intermediate risk (event rate 20–40%), and 7–10 were considered high risk (event rate >40%).ConclusionsThe PROMPT‐HF risk model can identify outpatients with HFrEF at increased risk of poor outcomes, including clinical events and health status deterioration. With further validation, this model may help inform therapeutic decision making.
Identification of the characteristic parameters for gas pipe sections using the maximum likelihood method and least square method
Authors: Chen Huiyu , Qi Da , Wang Hui , Zhang Qiang , Bu Yaran , Zuo Lili 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pipeline efficiency factor (E‐value) and the overall heat transfer coefficient (K‐value) are, respectively, the characteristic parameters that describe the flow and heat transfer behavior of gas pipe sections. These parameters have a significant impact on the accuracy of the thermo‐hydraulic calculations of the gas flow processing. Hence, they should be investigated thoroughly. Due to various complex factors affecting the E‐value and the K‐value in operating the in‐service gas pipe sections, it is often difficult to calculate the two characteristic parameters accurately using physics‐based formulae. Based on quasi‐steady‐state historical operational data sets of the in‐service gas pipe section, the characteristic parameters are identified with the maximum likelihood method and the least square method, respectively. Besides, the characteristic parameters of the gas pipe section are derived from solving the inverse problem of the steady‐state thermo‐hydraulic calculations. Both methods are applied to an in‐service pipeline, and the two parameters are obtained from 144 historical operational data sets. By introducing the two parameters into the thermo‐hydraulic calculations for certain quasi‐steady‐state historical conditions in the same gas pipe section, the maximum relative errors occurred between the calculated results and the measured data are 2.91% and 2.66%, respectively. Additionally, the difference between the two methods is small, with a gap of 0.0037 W/(m2 K) in K‐value and 0.0206 in E‐value. The proposed identification methods are extendable to provide adequate technical support for large‐scale gas pipeline networks.
Prediction of short‐term photovoltaic power via codec neural network and mode decomposition based deep learning approach
Authors: Li Jie , Li RunRan , Jia YuanJie , Zhang ZhiXin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is of great significance for the stable operation of PV system, but the PV power sequence is nonstationary, so it is difficult to establish the prediction model effectively by a simple neural network. In this study, the MCVMD‐MI‐SWATS‐Codec (multidimensional constraints variational mode decomposition‐mixed initialization‐switching from Adam to stochastic gradient descent‐codec) that is based on the idea of deep model fusion is proposed to predict PV power generation. MCVMD method with parameter K determined by multidimensional constraint criterion is used to decompose the PV power data, and the frequency of each component sequence is analyzed after decomposition to explore the physical characteristics and application value of each component frequency. Then, a hybrid ResNet‐LSTM (residual network‐long‐ and short‐term memory) model based on codec mechanism integrates input data with different dimensions, such as weather conditions and historical IMF (intrinsic mode function), into dense vectors with the same dimension. The experimental data of polysilicon PV array in the Australian desert environment are used to test the proposed fusion neural network model and the other six competitive models. The results show that MCVMD algorithm is significantly helpful in decomposing the nonstationary data to improve the prediction accuracy, and MCVMD‐MI‐SWATS‐Codec model has high prediction accuracy and robustness in both stable and unstable weather conditions.
Developing an Innovative Elicited Imitation Task for Efficient English Proficiency Assessment
Authors: Davis Larry , Norris John 
Published: November 2021

The elicited imitation task (EIT), in which language learners listen to a series of spoken sentences and repeat each one verbatim, is a commonly used measure of language proficiency in second language acquisition research. The TOEFL® Essentials™ test includes an EIT as a holistic measure of speaking proficiency, referred to as the “Listen and Repeat” task type. In this report, we describe the design considerations that informed the development of the EIT for TOEFL Essentials. We also report the results of a series of investigations conducted during the prototyping and pilot phases of test development, which were undertaken with the goal of confirming task design specifications, evaluating scoring performance, and obtaining initial validity evidence to support score interpretation and use of the EIT in the TOEFL Essentials test. We found that task design variables generally performed as expected. The length of input sentence was strongly associated with performance (Pearson r = .88), consistent with the construct measured by the EIT, while other task variables not directly related to the EIT construct did not impact performance (e.g., graphics, speaker accent, and response time). Scorers drawn from TOEFL iBT test raters were able to score responses consistently with over 98% exact or adjacent interrater agreement on a 6‐point scale, and scores on the pilot version of the EIT were highly reliable (Cronbach's α = .93 on the 15‐item pilot version). Correlations between EIT scores and other measures were generally as expected: Correlations with other speaking tasks were high (.78–.84) and slightly to somewhat lower for other language measures (.73 for writing, .68 for listening, and .57 for reading). Correlation with an independent measure of holistic language proficiency (C‐test) was moderately high (.69), as expected. We discuss the study findings in terms of the TOEFL Essentials test validity argument and point out limitations to the current results along with future research needs. Overall, we believe that the findings provide initial support to warrant the use of the EIT as operationalized in the TOEFL Essentials test.
A Mach–Zehnder modulator based novel regenerator for employment in relays used in free space optical communication
Authors: Ahmad Zaheer , Mirza Jawad , Jeza Aljohani Abdulah , Salman Ahmad , Ghafoor Salman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRelay nodes that are proposed for extending the length of free space optical links are generally based upon simple optical amplifiers. In this article, we have proposed an all‐optical relay that performs regeneration of optical signals along with the conventional optical amplification. Our proposed regenerator is based upon a dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator. The optical pulsed signal received at the input of the regenerator is divided into two outputs using an optical splitter. One of the splitter outputs is converted into an electrical signal while the signal in the other path is given as input to the optical modulator. The negative slope of the modulator is used to compress intensity fluctuations over the pulsed optical signal by combining the converted electrical signal with the bias voltage of the modulator. We have compared the performance of our proposed regeneration scheme with the conventional optical amplifier based relay nodes in a free space optical link that is modeled by the Gamma–Gamma channel model. To simulate the effect of medium and strong turbulence of the free space optical link, the refractive index structure parameters chosen for the Gamma–Gamma channel model are and , respectively. It was observed that our proposed dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator based relay significantly improves the receiver sensitivity by 4 dB under strong turbulence conditions and by 0.7 dB under medium turbulence conditions, respectively.
Toxicological evaluation of Phospholipase D from Kitasatospora paracochleata
Authors: Matten Kevin J. , Mak Alastair 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhospholipases are used extensively in the production of food ingredients, typically as processing aids, to enzymatically convert glycerophospholipids and provide functional properties in meat products or baking confections. The current study examined the safety of Phospholipase D derived from Kitasatospora paracochleata (strain No. 362‐PLD) for use as a processing aid in various food applications, where it may be present in the finished products at trace levels. The safety assessment of Phospholipase D included two in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 90‐day subchronic toxicity study in rats. No evidence of genotoxicity was observed in a bacterial reverse mutation test or in a chromosome aberration test. In the subchronic toxicity study, no test article‐related adverse effects were observed upon Phospholipase D administration to rats at doses levels of 0, 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg body weight/day throughout a 90‐day study period. Thus, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 3000 mg/kg body weight/day. This safety assessment supports the safe use of Phospholipase D as a processing aid in food production and the presence of trace levels in finished products.