bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT texture analysis of abdominal lesions – Part I.: Liver lesions
Authors: Budai Bettina Katalin , Frank Veronica , Shariati Sonaz , Fejér Bence , Tóth Ambrus , Orbán Vince , Bérczi Viktor , Kaposi Pál Novák 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence and the use of radiomics analysis have been of great interest in the last decade in the field of imaging. CT texture analysis (CTTA) is a new and emerging field in radiomics, which seems promising in the assessment and diagnosis of both focal and diffuse liver lesions. The utilization of CTTA has only been receiving great attention recently, especially for response evaluation and prognostication of different oncological diagnoses. Radiomics, combined with machine learning techniques, offers a promising opportunity to accurately detect or differentiate between focal liver lesions based on their unique texture parameters. In this review article, we discuss the unique ability of radiomics in the diagnostics and prognostication of both focal and diffuse liver lesions. We also provide a brief review of radiogenomics and summarize its potential role of in the non-invasive diagnosis of malignant liver tumors.
Erzya stem-internal vowel-consonant harmony: A new approach
Authors: Fejes László 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough Erzya harmony is discussed as a kind of vowel harmony traditionally, suffix alternations show that there is a close interaction between consonants and vowels, therefore we should speak about a consonant-vowel harmony. This paper demonstrates that the palatalizedness of the consonants and the frontness of the vowels are also strongly connected inside stems: first syllable front vowels are quite rare after word-initial non-palatalized dentals but are dominant after palatalized ones; first syllable back vowels are dominantly followed by non-palatalized dentals, while the latter are very rare after front vowels.
Effect of bias voltage and carrier gas on the hydrogen gas-sensing properties of tungsten oxide nanobeads
Authors: Hoa Nguyen Duc 
Published: May 2021

We investigated the effect of bias voltage and carrier gas on the hydrogen sensing performance of tungsten oxide nanobeads. The tungsten oxide nanobeads were prepared by a template-assisted method followed by calcination. The porous single walled carbon nanotube thin film was used as sacrificed template for the deposition of tungsten, followed by thermal calcination at high temperature to oxidize W into WO3 and to burn out the template. The crystal structures and morphology of the synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectra. Hydrogen gas sensing properties were tested in air and in N2 as refence for comparison. Our results indicated that Schottky junction was formed at the interface of WO3 and Pt electrodes. The sensor operated under revered bias voltage processed excellent hydrogen sensing performance. In addition, the H2 sensing performance of the WO3 nanobeads is higher when measured in N2 gas as reference.
Renal Expression of Fibrotic Matrix Proteins and of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Isoforms in TGF-β Transgenic Mice
Authors: MOZES MIKLOS M. , BÖTTINGER ERWIN P. , JACOT TERRY A. , KOPP JEFFREY B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Renal pathology in mice that are transgenic for the murine albumin enhancer/promoter linked to a full-length porcine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene has been described previously. In these mice, transgene expression is limited to the liver and the plasma level of TGF-β is increased. The earliest renal pathologic change is glomerulosclerosis, at 3 wk of age, and this is followed by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, it was hypothesized that circulating TGF-β1 increases renal extracellular matrix accumulation and activates local TGF-β gene expression. Immunostaining at 5 wk revealed increased amounts of collagen I and III within the mesangium, glomerular capillary loops, and interstitium, while the amount of collagen IV was normal. Similarly, Northern analysis showed increased expression of mRNA encoding collagen I and III, as well as biglycan and decorin, while the expression of collagen IV was unchanged. These changes began as early as 1 wk of age, a time before the appearance of glomerulosclerosis. To evaluate matrix degradation, collagenase IV activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography and an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 was found. Finally, the production of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase was evaluated. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA was increased 18-fold, while TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were unchanged. In 2-wk-old transgenic kidney, local expression of TGF-β1, β2, and β3 protein was similar to wild-type mice. In 5-wk-old transgenic mice, TGF-β1 and β2 protein was present in increased amounts within glomeruli, and renal TGF-β1 mRNA was increased threefold. It is concluded that elevated levels of circulating TGF-β1 may act on the kidney to increase matrix protein production and decrease matrix remodeling. Only after glomerulosclerosis is established does local glomerular overproduction of TGF-β become manifest.
Expression of the MRP2 Gene-Encoded Conjugate Export Pump in Human Kidney Proximal Tubules and in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: SCHAUB THOMAS P. , KARTENBECK JÜRGEN , KÖNIG JÖRG , SPRING HERBERT , DÖRSAM JOACHIM , STAEHLER GERD , STÖRKEL STEPHAN , THON WALTER F. , KEPPLER DIETRICH 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Human kidney proximal tubule epithelia express the ATP-dependent export pump for anionic conjugates encoded by the MRP2 (cMRP/cMOAT) gene (symbol ABCC2). MRP2, the apical isoform of the multidrug resistance protein, is an integral membrane glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 190 kD that was originally cloned from liver and localized to the canalicular (apical) membrane domain of hepatocytes. In this study, MRP2 was detected in human kidney cortex by reverse transcription-PCR followed by sequencing of a 826-bp cDNA fragment and by immunoblotting using two different antibodies. Human MRP2 was localized to the apical brush-border membrane domain of proximal tubules by double and triple immunofluorescence microscopy including laser scanning microscopy.
The expression of MRP2 in renal cell carcinoma was studied by reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting in samples from patients undergoing tumor-nephrectomy without prior chemotherapy. Clear-cell carcinomas, originating from the proximal tubule epithelium, expressed MRP2 in 95% (18 of 19) of cases. Immunofluorescence microscopy of MRP2 in clear-cell carcinoma showed a lack of a distinct apical-to-basolateral tumor cell polarity and an additional localization of MRP2 on intracellular membranes. MRP2, the first cloned ATP-dependent export pump for anionic conjugates detected in human kidney, may be involved in renal excretion of various anionic endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and cytotoxic drugs. This conjugate-transporting ATPase encoded by the MRP2 gene has a similar substrate specificity as the multidrug resistance protein MRP1, and may contribute to the multidrug resistance of renal clear-cell carcinomas.
Effects of High-Dose Folic Acid and Pyridoxine on Plasma and Erythrocyte Sulfur Amino Acids in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: SULIMAN MOHAMED E. , FILHO JOSÉ C. DIVINO , BÀRÀNY PETER , ANDERSTAM BJÖRN , LINDHOLM BENGT , BERGSTROM JONAS 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
In this investigation, sulfur amino acids (sAA) and sulfhydryls were determined in the plasma and erythrocytes (RBC) of 10 uremic patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment and 10 healthy subjects, before and after supplementation with 15 mg/d of folic acid and 200 mg/d of pyridoxine for 4 wk. The basal total plasma concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly), γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys), glutathione (GSH), and free cysteinesulfinic acid (CSA) were significantly higher in HD patients when compared to healthy subjects, whereas methionine (Met) and taurine (Tau) concentrations were the same in the two groups. HD patients showed significantly higher RBC levels of Hcy and Cys-Gly, whereas the RBC concentrations of Met, Cys, Tau, and GSH were not different from those in the healthy subjects. The plasma concentrations of sAA and sulfhydryls differed compared with RBC levels in the healthy subjects and HD patients. In both groups, supplementation with high doses of folic acid and pyridoxine reduced the plasma Hcy concentration. In addition, increased plasma concentrations of Cys-Gly and GSH were found in the HD patients and of CSA in the healthy subjects. After vitamin supplementation, the RBC concentrations of Hcy, Cys, and GSH increased and that of Tau decreased in healthy subjects. The only significant finding in RBC of HD patients was an increase in GSH levels after supplementation. This study shows several RBC and plasma sAA and sulfhydryl abnormalities in HD patients, which confirms earlier findings that RBC and plasma pools play independent roles in interorgan amino acid transport and metabolism. Moreover, high-dose supplementation with folic acid and pyridoxine significantly reduced Hcy levels, but did not restore the sAA and sulfhydryl abnormalities to normal levels. The increase that was observed in GSH after vitamin supplementation may have a beneficial effect in improving blood antioxidant status in uremic patients. Finally, the findings of elevated plasma Cys levels correlating to the elevated plasma Hcy levels in the presence of elevated plasma CSA levels, both before and after vitamin supplementation, led to the hypothesis that a block in decarboxylation of CSA is linked to hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal failure.
QT Dispersion in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure and during Hemodialysis
Authors: LŐORINCZ ISTVÁN , MÁTYUS JÁNOS , ZILAHI ZSOLT , KUN CSABA , KARÁNYI ZSOLT , KAKUK GYÖRGY 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Interlead variability of the QT interval in surface electrocardiogram (ECG), i.e., QT dispersion, reflects regional differences in ventricular recovery time, and it has been linked to the occurrence of malignant arrhythmias in different cardiac diseases. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of hemodialysis on QT and corrected QT (QTc) interval and dispersion in chronic hemodialyzed patients. Data of 34 nondiabetic patients (male/female = 21/13; mean age, 54 ± 15 yr) on chronic hemodialysis were studied. Polysulfone capillaries and bicarbonate dialysate containing (in mEq/L) 135 Na+, 2.0 K+, 1.5 Ca2+, and 1.0 Mg2+ were used. Simultaneous 12-lead ECG were recorded before and after hemodialysis in a standard setting. The QT intervals for each lead were measured manually on enlarged (×3) ECG by one observer using calipers. Each QT interval was corrected for patient heart rate:

JOURNAL/jasn/04.03/00001751-199906000-00016/math_16MM1/v/2023-03-15T155848Z/r/image-jpeg

(in milliseconds [ms]). The average cycle intervals were 853 ± 152 ms predialysis and 830 ± 173 ms postdialysis; the difference was not significant. The maximal QT interval changed significantly from 449 ± 43 to 469 ± 41 ms (P < 0.01). The corrected maximal QT interval increased significantly from 482 ± 42 to 519 ± 33 ms (P < 0.01). The QT dispersion changed from 56 ± 15 to 85 ± 12 ms (P < 0.001) and the corrected QT interval dispersion from 62 ± 18 to 95 ± 17 ms (P < 0.001). During hemodialysis, the serum potassium and phosphate levels decreased from 5.5 ± 0.8 to 3.9 ± 0.5 (mM) and from 2.3 ± 0.5 to 1.6 ± 0.4 (mM), respectively, whereas calcium increased from 2.2 ± 0.23 to 2.5 ± 0.22 (mM). It is concluded that hemodialysis increases the QT and QTc interval and QT and QTc dispersion in patients with end-stage renal failure. Thus, it may be stated that the nonhomogeneity of regional ventricular repolarization increases during hemodialysis. Measurement of QT and QTc dispersion is a simple bedside method that can be used for analyzing ventricular repolarization during hemodialysis.
HLA-Derived Peptides as Novel Immunomodulatory Therapeutics
Authors: MURPHY BARBARA , KRENSKY ALAN M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
A growing body of experimental evidence demonstrates that synthetic peptides corresponding to linear sequences of MHC (HLA in humans) proteins have immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo in animal models and in humans. Although the original concept was that these peptides inhibited antigen recognition at the MHC-T cell receptor interface via physical blockade, it is now clear that the mechanisms responsible for the myriad of functional effects are more complex. Recent findings show that some peptides affect signal transduction and cell cycle progression. Fragments of MHC molecules can dampen or downregulate immune responses via a variety of mechanisms. Some soluble MHC molecules or synthetic peptides are capable of inducing and maintaining immunologic tolerance in animals. This information suggests that synthetic peptides themselves or drugs mimicking their effects may represent a new class of immunotherapeutics.
Adenosine Activates Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Activity in the Kidney and Increases Dopamine
Authors: TAKEZAKO TAKANOBU , NODA KEITA , TSUJI EMIKO , KOGA MANABU , SASAGURI MANABU , ARAKAWA KIKUO 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Renal sodium handling is important for regulating BP, and renal dopamine and adenosine play an important role in renal sodium handling, however the interaction of these hormones in the kidney was not clarified. In in vivo experiments, adenosine significantly increased water and sodium excretion by 50% compared with vehicle when infused into the left renal artery, accompanied by an increase in urinary dopamine excretion in the left kidney. Neither water-sodium excretion nor dopamine excretion changed in the vehicle-infused kidney. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity in the left kidney was significantly higher than that in the noninfused right kidney. The increase in water-sodium excretion induced by adenosine was significantly inhibited by SCH23390, a selective D1 receptor antagonist. In in vitro experiments, porcine renal proximal tubular cells were incubated with 250 μM L-dopa and N6-cyclohexyladenosine, an adenosine type 1 receptor agonist, after treatment with adenosine deaminase. N6-cyclohexyladenosine significantly increased dopamine formation at a concentration of 10-9 to 10-7 M, and this was completely inhibited by 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthin, an adenosine A1 antagonist. These results show that renal dopamine synthesis is stimulated by adenosine through the activation of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and suggest that adenosine leads to an increase in renal dopamine and natriuresis.
Rapid Postearthquake Field Reconnaissance, Paleoseismic Trenching, and GIS-Based Fault Slip Variability Measurements along the Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence, Southern California
Authors: Kozacı Özgür , Madugo Christopher M. , Bachhuber Jeffrey L. , Hitchcock Christopher S. , Kottke Albert R. , Higgins Katherine , Wade Adam , Rittenour Tammy 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding fault rupture deformation patterns, especially in complex fault zones, has fundamental implications on seismotectonic studies and hazard mitigation for the built environment. The 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake ruptures offer an opportunity to quantify deformation patterns and surface displacements from a complex fault rupture. Our field reconnaissance, within 18 hr of the Mw 6.4 event, documented a complex and relatively broad fault deformation zone up to a few kilometers wide in the vicinity of a gas transmission pipeline intersected by the surface rupture south of Highway 178. The subsequent Mw 7.1 event resulted in similarly distributed surface fault deformation within a broad zone that crossed a second gas transmission pipeline located south of Highway 178. On 10 July, fault-normal pipeline assessment trenches were excavated at both locations and provided evidence for late Pleistocene fault rupture on both faults expressed as upward fault truncations and paleoliquefaction features. Subsequent imagery-based rupture-mapping facilitated identification and measurement of offset features that were not identified during field mapping. Fault displacement measurements document a gradual decrease in fault slip on rupture southwestward from the Mw 6.4 epicenter within the study area. However, displacement along the primary Mw 7.1 rupture decreased more drastically southeastward toward a structural complexity at a fault stepover expressed as a horsetail splay. Fault-normal slip distributions showed that majority of the surface deformation was accommodated along discrete fault strands within the primary fault zone across both ruptures. This work expands the catalog of high-fidelity coseismic rupture information used to better understand seismotectonic processes, while contributing to refinement of fault displacement models used in support of critical infrastructure design.
Machine-Learning-Based High-Resolution Earthquake Catalog Reveals How Complex Fault Structures Were Activated during the 2016–2017 Central Italy Sequence
Authors: Tan Yen Joe , Waldhauser Felix , Ellsworth William L. , Zhang Miao , Zhu Weiqiang , Michele Maddalena , Chiaraluce Lauro , Beroza Gregory C. , Segou Margarita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence occurred on an 80 km long normal-fault system. The sequence initiated with the Mw 6.0 Amatrice event on 24 August 2016, followed by the Mw 5.9 Visso event on 26 October and the Mw 6.5 Norcia event on 30 October. We analyze continuous data from a dense network of 139 seismic stations to build a high-precision catalog of ∼900,000 earthquakes spanning a 1 yr period, based on arrival times derived using a deep-neural-network-based picker. Our catalog contains an order of magnitude more events than the catalog routinely produced by the local earthquake monitoring agency. Aftershock activity reveals the geometry of complex fault structures activated during the earthquake sequence and provides additional insights into the potential factors controlling the development of the largest events. Activated fault structures in the northern and southern regions appear complementary to faults activated during the 1997 Colfiorito and 2009 L’Aquila sequences, suggesting that earthquake triggering primarily occurs on critically stressed faults. Delineated major fault zones are relatively thick compared to estimated earthquake location uncertainties, and a large number of kilometer-long faults and diffuse seismicity were activated during the sequence. These properties might be related to fault age, roughness, and the complexity of inherited structures. The rich details resolvable in this catalog will facilitate continued investigation of this energetic and well-recorded earthquake sequence.
Rekayasa Penghancur Limbah Jarum Suntik Menggunakan Metode Melting
Authors: Widadi Sigit , Fajrin Hanifah Rahmi , Kartika Wisnu , Nashirudin Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Penanganan limbah medis membutuhkan cara yang tepat agar tidak menimbulkan dampak kesehatan. Penelitian ini menyajikan rekayasa mesin penanganan limbah jarum suntik agar proses dan hasil olahan limbah aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Metode Yang digunakan yaitu melting. Rancangan mesin menggunakan sensor infrared dan optocoupler sebagai detektor objek untuk motor feeder dan tansformator. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa metode ini tidak menimbulkan polusi suara dan debu logam.
ASSESSING AWARENESS LEVEL OF IN-SERVICE COLLEGE TEACHERS REGARDING PROFESSIONALISM
Authors: Saleem Amna 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The study's intended purpose was to examine the attitude of college teachers towards professionalism and investigate factors affecting teachers' professionalism at the college level.
Methodology: This research nature was descriptive; a simple random sampling technique was used to pick the sample for this research. On a five-point Lickert scale, researchers built a questionnaire and collected data from 340 respondents, including 99 males, 241 females. The researcher employed descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, frequency, one-way ANOVA, and z-test for data analysis with the help of SPSS.
Main Findings: The study's essential results indicate that teachers develop practical lessons by organizing instructional activities and materials intelligently and explaining them in multiple ways and they utilize appropriate inquiry tools according to the nature of the subject and promote self-reflection among students and motivate them to solve their problems themselves.
Applications of this study: The study will be beneficial for the stakeholders in developing an understanding of professionalism. It will provide the prospective teachers with the guidelines regarding constituents of professionalism. The study will provide feedback about the current status of professionalism. The study will highlight missing elements in professionalism to be valued in the future professionalizing project.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to helping teachers to understand the meaning of professionalism and factors associated with it and help them to understand their responsibilities in a better way and improve their teaching efficiency.
EMPLOYEE RETICENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ITS SCALE
Authors: Qureshi Ahmed Ali , Naqvi Sayyed M. Mehdi Raza 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was twofold, first to find the antecedents and consequences of employee voice using the theory of planned behaviour, and second to develop, introduce and validate the construct of employee reticence (employee-silence attitude) and its scale.
Methodology: Mixed-Method Research using interviews, and questionnaire was the methodology of the study. IBM SPSS 20.0 and SmartPLS 2.0 software were used for data analysis to test and confirm face validity, content validity, reliability, item reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, nomological validity.
Main Findings: Employee reticence is a valid employee attitude. The employee silence behaviour is supported by the theory of planned behaviour. It was found that the Theory of planned behaviour applies to the situations of employee silence. The scale of employee reticence developed, as the result of this study, is valid and ready to be used by researchers, organizational behaviourists, psychologists, and HR experts.
Applications of this study: The study is applicable for change intervention programs in organizations by organizational behaviourists. The researchers can use it to explore and develop organizational and team-level attitudes of silence. Its scale is a useful tool, largely for recruiters for ensuring PO fit. It is usable to researchers for further exploration and using it as in organizational research including but not limited to Employee silence, knowledge management, and stress. Psychologists can take the lead from the concept of ER to develop similar constructs for their field for analysing their patients of stress etc. from this perspective.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is novel and original as the construct of employee reticence has been developed, introduced, and validated (employee-silence attitude). Further, the scale of the new construction has been constructed and validated, using standard methods.