bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in diversity and composition of rhizosphere bacterial community during natural restoration stages in antimony mine
Authors: Duan Renyan , Lin Yuxiang , Zhang Jianing , Huang Minyi , Du Yihuan , Yang Li , Bai Jing , Xiang Guohong , Wang Zhigao , Zhang Yaqi 
Published: October 2021

Background
Open pit antimony (Sb) mining causes serious soil pollution, and phytoremediation is a low-cost approach to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. Rhizosphere bacteria play an important role in ecological restoration in mining areas. There is a knowledge gap on how to find suitable rhizosphere microorganisms to improve the phytoremediation effect. Understanding the differences of rhizosphere bacterial diversity in different restoration stages is helpful to find suitable bacteria for ecological restoration.

Methods
A method of the substitution of “space” for “time” was used to study the effect of natural restoration on rhizosphere bacterial community. According to the dominant vegetation types (herb, shrub, and tree) in the natural restoration area of Sb mining, the early restoration (ER), middle restoration (MR), and later restoration (LR) from the largest Sb mine (Xikuangshan mine) in the world were selected to evaluate the differences in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria during three natural restoration stages. Each restoration stage had five samples. To determine the relationship between restoration stages and bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere, high throughput sequencing of PCR amplified were used.

Results
Alpha diversity, as assessed by Chao indices, appeared lowest in ER but this trend was not seen with other diversity metrics, including the Simpson and Shannon. Beta diversity analysis suggested there were differences in rhizobacterial community structure associate with restoration stage. At the phylum level, natural restoration led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the MR, and a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Patescibacteria in the LR. Additionally, Calditrichaeota, Deferribacteres and Epsilonbacteraeota were only found in ER. At the genus level, the relative abundance of RB41 and Haliangium were highest in LR plots, while that of Bacillus and Gaiella were highest in ER plots. Additionally, the Azorhizobium genus was only detected in the ER phase. Overall, our findings suggested that several rhizosphere microbial communities had significant differences among three natural restoration stages (ER, MR, and LR) and the rhizosphere bacterial communities mainly appeared in the early restoration stage can be preferred for remediation of pollution soil in Xikuangshan.
Treatment evaluation of Kami Guibi‐tang on participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment using magnetic resonance imaging on brain metabolites, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, and cerebral blood flow
Authors: Cho Seung‐Yeon , Kwon Sharonkyuhee , Shin Hee‐Yeon , Kim Ha‐Ri , Kim Jeong‐Hwa , Park Soonchan , Ryu Chang‐Woo , Park Jung‐Mi , Edden Richard A.E. , Jahng Geon‐Ho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of Kami Guibi‐tang (KGT) in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on brain metabolites, neurotransmitter, and cerebral blood flow (CBF).MethodsWe randomly allocated a total of 30 MCI patients to a KGT (N = 16) or a placebo (N = 14) group and performed MRI scans before and after 24 weeks of treatment. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI scans to obtain brain metabolites using Point‐RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) single‐voxel spectroscopy, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter using Mescher–Garwood PRESS, and CBF using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling sequences using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system. We analyzed metabolite and neurotransmitter levels and CBF using repeated‐measure analysis of variance to evaluate between‐subject group effect, within‐subject treatment condition effect, and interaction of group by condition (group x condition).ResultsThe GABA+/creatine (Cr) ratio values were not significantly different between the before and after treatment conditions. The glutamate complex/Cr ratio difference before and after treatment was lower in the KGT group than in the placebo group, but was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). The result of region of interest–based CBF measurement showed that CBF values were significantly lower after treatment at Cluster 2 for the KGT group (p = 0.003) and the placebo group (p = 0.011), at hippocampus for the KGT group (p = 0.004) and the placebo group (p = 0.008), and at the fusiform gyrus for the KGT group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the absolute CBF difference before and after treatment in the fusiform gyrus was significantly lower in the KGT group than in the placebo group (p = 0.024).ConclusionsAlthough a KGT treatment of 24 weeks showed some significant impact on the level of CBF, the Korean version of the mini‐mental state examination score was not significantly different between before and after treatment conditions, indicating that there was no memory function improvement after treatment in amnestic MCI patients. Therefore, further studies should be performed with a relatively larger population and extending the duration of the KGT treatment.
Development of a novel program for conversion from tetrahedral‐mesh‐based phantoms to DICOM dataset for radiation treatment planning: TET2DICOM
Authors: Cheon Bo‐Wi , Lee Se Hyung , Han Min Cheol , Min Chul Hee , Han Haegin , Kim Chan Hyeong , Kim Jin Sung 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTetrahedral mesh (TM)–based computational human phantoms have recently been developed for evaluation of exposure dose with the merit of precisely representing human anatomy and the changing posture freely. However, conversion of recently developed TM phantoms to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) file format, which can be utilized in the clinic, has not been attempted. The aim of this study was to develop a technique, called TET2DICOM, to convert the TM phantoms to DICOM datasets for accurate treatment planning.Materials and methodsThe TM phantoms were sampled in voxel form to generate the DICOM computed tomography images. The DICOM‐radiotherapy structure was defined based on the contour data. To evaluate TET2DICOM, the shape distortion of the TM phantoms during the conversion process was assessed, and the converted DICOM dataset was implemented in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsThe volume difference between the TM phantoms and the converted DICOM dataset was evaluated as less than about 0.1% in each organ. Subsequently, the converted DICOM dataset was successfully implemented in MIM (MIM Software Inc., Cleveland, USA, version 6.5.6) and RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden, version 5.0). Additionally, the various possibilities of clinical application of the program were confirmed using a deformed TM phantom in various postures.ConclusionIn conclusion, the TM phantom, currently the most advanced computational phantom, can be implemented in a commercial TPS and this technique can enable various TM‐based applications, such as evaluation of secondary cancer risk in radiotherapy.
Fundamental relationships of executive functions and physiological abilities with game intelligence, game time and injuries in elite soccer players
Authors: Scharfen Hans‐Erik , Memmert Daniel 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe study examined the (1) interrelation of cognitive‐athletic performance concerning game time and (2) injuries; (3) relation between executive functions and game intelligence. A total of 172 elite soccer players (age: 12–34 years) performed tests assessing multiple‐object‐tracking, working memory capacity (WMC), cognitive flexibility (CF), and inhibition. General and specific‐endurance‐performance, and physical performance (jumps and sprint) were also measured. Game intelligence, time and injuries were tracked. WMC, CF, and a total cognition score showed correlations with game intelligence, and the same parameter, along with selective attention and game intelligence were also correlated with game time. Sprint and specific‐endurance were connected with game time, whereas contact injuries only correlated with sprint, and noncontact injuries with sprint and general‐endurance. Especially executive functions represent fundamental associations with game intelligence and ‐time across all age groups, whereas certain physiological abilities may contribute to more game time and less non‐contact injuries depending on age.
Natural Biomaterials from Biodiversity for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Insuasti‐Cruz Erick , Suárez‐Jaramillo Victoria , Mena Urresta Kevin Andres , Pila‐Varela Kevin O. , Fiallos‐Ayala Xiomira , Dahoumane Si Amar , Alexis Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNatural biomaterials originating during the growth cycles of all living organisms have been used for many applications. They span from bioinert to bioactive materials including bioinspired ones. As they exhibit an increasing degree of sophistication, natural biomaterials have proven suitable to address the needs of the healthcare sector. Here the different natural healthcare biomaterials, their biodiversity sources, properties, and promising healthcare applications are reviewed. The variability of their properties as a result of considered species and their habitat is also discussed. Finally, some limitations of natural biomaterials are discussed and possible future developments are provided as more natural biomaterials are yet to be discovered and studied.
Doping‐Induced Dielectric Catastrophe Prompts Free‐Carrier Release in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Comin Massimiliano , Fratini Simone , Blase Xavier , D'Avino Gabriele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe control over material properties attainable through molecular doping is essential to many technological applications of organic semiconductors, such as organic light‐emitting diodes or thermoelectrics. These excitonic semiconductors typically reach the degenerate limit only at impurity concentrations of 5–10%, a phenomenon that has been put in relation with the strong Coulomb binding between charge carriers and ionized dopants, and whose comprehension remained elusive so far. This study proposes a general mechanism for the release of carriers at finite doping in terms of collective screening phenomena. A multiscale model for the dielectric properties of doped organic semiconductor is set up by combining first principles and microelectrostatic calculations. The results predict a large nonlinear enhancement of the dielectric constant (tenfold at 8% load) as the system approaches a dielectric instability (catastrophe) upon increasing doping. This can be attributed to the presence of highly polarizable host–dopant complexes, plus a nontrivial leading contribution from dipolar interactions in the disordered and heterogeneous system. The enhanced screening in the material drastically reduces the (free) energy barriers for electron–hole separation, rationalizing the possibility for thermal charge release. The proposed mechanism is consistent with conductivity data and sets the basis for achieving higher conductivities at lower doping loads.
Toward Perfect Optical Diffusers: Dielectric Huygens’ Metasurfaces with Critical Positional Disorder
Authors: Arslan Dennis , Rahimzadegan Aso , Fasold Stefan , Falkner Matthias , Zhou Wenjia , Kroychuk Maria , Rockstuhl Carsten , Pertsch Thomas , Staude Isabelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConventional optical diffusers, such as thick volume scatterers (Rayleigh scattering) or microstructured surface scatterers (geometric scattering), lack the potential for on‐chip integration and are thus incompatible with next‐generation photonic devices. Dielectric Huygens’ metasurfaces, on the other hand, consist of 2D arrangements of resonant dielectric nanoparticles and therefore constitute a promising material platform for ultrathin and highly efficient photonic devices. When the nanoparticles are arranged in a random but statistically specific fashion, diffusers with exceptional properties are expected to come within reach. This work explores how dielectric Huygens’ metasurfaces can implement wavelength‐selective diffusers with negligible absorption losses and nearly Lambertian scattering profiles that are largely independent of the angle and polarization of incident waves. The combination of tailored positional disorder with a carefully balanced electric and magnetic response of the nanoparticles is shown to be an integral requirement for the operation as a diffuser. The proposed metasurfaces’ directional scattering performance is characterized both experimentally and numerically, and their usability in wavefront‐shaping applications is highlighted. Since the metasurfaces operate on the principles of Mie scattering and are embedded in a glassy environment, they may easily be incorporated in integrated photonic devices, fiber optics, or mechanically robust augmented reality displays.
Single Electron Transfer‐Induced Selective α‐Oxygenation of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Venugopal Navyasree , Moser Johannes , Vojtíčková Margaréta , Císařová Ivana , König Burkhard , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModification of amino acids is an important strategy in organic and bioorganic chemistry. In contrast to common side‐chain functionalization, backbone modification is much less explored. Especially glycine units seem to be attractive and versatile since a wide range of functionality can be potentially introduced. We report here oxidative modification of glycinates that are stable and enable further functionalization. Selective glycinate enolate oxidation by TEMPO or a FeCp2PF6/TEMPO reagent combination provides stable alkoxyamines in good to excellent yields. The methodology is expanded to glycine‐containing dipeptides demonstrating selective oxygenation at the glycine unit. The orthogonal reactivity potential of oxygenated glycines for transformation to other amino acid derivatives is explored.magnified image
Skeletal muscle gauge as a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Park In Kyu , Yang Song Soo , Chung Eric , Cho Eun‐Suk , Lee Hye Sun , Shin Su‐Jin , Im Yeong Cheol , Park Eun Jung , Baik Seung Hyuk , Lee Kang Young , Kang Jeonghyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough skeletal muscle index (SMI) and radiodensity (SMD) are well‐known prognostic factors, the clinical impact of the integrated measure, known as skeletal muscle gauge (SMG), has been limited in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Patients and MethodsA total of 727 and 268 patients with CRC at two tertiary centers were included and allocated into the training and test sets, respectively. Preoperative slice computed tomography images of the third lumbar area were evaluated for SMI and SMD. SMG was calculated as SMI × SMD and expressed as an arbitrary unit (AU). The optimal cutoff SMG value was determined to maximize the overall survival (OS) difference between the groups with respect to sex in the training set. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model evaluated the association of its clinical significance.ResultsWith regard to SMG, 1640 and 1523 AU were identified as cutoff values for males and females, respectively. The patients with low SMG values showed significantly worse 5‐year OS than those with high SMG values in the two datasets (both p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, low SMG was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor of OS in the training set (hazard ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.43–3.32, p < 0.001) and test set (hazard ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.07–3.00, p = 0.025), whereas SMI and SMD were not.ConclusionSMG acts synergistically to improve its prognostic predictive accuracy as compared with SMI or SMD alone in patients with CRC. Additional research is warranted to define its significance in different ethnic groups.
Dermatomyositis‐lupus overlap syndrome complicated with cardiomyopathy after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A new potential trigger for musculoskeletal autoimmune disease development
Authors: Shahidi Dadras Mohammad , Rakhshan Azadeh , Ahmadzadeh Arman , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Diab Reem , Safari Giv Toktam , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 should be considered as a new triggering factor for autoimmune disorders like DM‐lupus overlap syndrome. We recommend that patients presenting with dermatomyositis during this pandemic be screened for COVID‐19.
Clinico‐pathological profiling of peripheral ossifying fibroma of the oral cavity
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Keshwar Shashi , Jain Neetu , Raut Toniya , Jaisani Mehul Rajesh , Sharma Shiva Lal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPOF represents a separate entity with diverse histological presentation. Considerable overlapping of clinical and histological features are present among different reactive gingival lesions, which warrant a meticulous review for the diagnosis of POF.
Digital Product Passports as Enabler of the Circular Economy
Authors: Walden Joerg , Steinbrecher Angelika , Marinkovic Maroye 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGovernments and corporations are increasingly adopting circular economy strategies to meet the need of decoupling growth from resource consumption. However, the world economy is far from being circular, with some of the reasons including lack of transparency, standardization, and data sharing. Digitalization can help overcome these challenges, thus making it a key enabler of the circular economy. This review looks at the concept of a digital product passport as a tool for implementing and scaling the circular economy. It discusses opportunities and challenges related to further development and adoption of digital product passports. Finally, it examines the battery passport, drafted in the EU Battery regulation, as one of the first examples of a digital product passport required by law.
Safety of opioid prescribing among older cancer survivors
Authors: Salz Talya , Mishra Meza Akriti , Gennarelli Renee L. , Lipitz‐Snyderman Allison , Moryl Natalie , Tringale Kathryn Ries , Boudreau Denise M. , Kriplani Anuja , Jinna Sankeerth , Korenstein Deborah 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundCancer survivors receive more long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) than people without cancer, but the safety of LTOT prescribing is unknown.MethodsOpioid‐naive adults aged ≥66 years who had been diagnosed in 2008‐2015 with breast, lung, head and neck, or colorectal cancer were identified with data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries linked with Medicare claims. Survivors with 1 or more LTOT episodes (≥90 consecutive days) occurring ≥1 year after their cancer diagnosis and before censoring at hospice entry, another cancer diagnosis, 6 months before death, or December 2016 were included. The safety of prescribing during the first 90 days of the first LTOT episode was measured during follow‐up. As a positive safety indicator, the proportion of survivors with concurrent nonopioid pain management was measured. Indicators of less safe prescribing were the proportion of survivors with a high average daily opioid dose (≥90 morphine milligram equivalents) and the proportion of survivors with concurrent benzodiazepine dispensing. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical predictors of each safety outcome.ResultsIn all, 3628 cancer survivors received LTOT during follow‐up (median duration, 4.9 months; interquartile range, 3.5‐8.0 months). Seventy‐two percent of the survivors received multimodal pain management concurrently with LTOT. Eight percent of the survivors had high‐dose opioid prescriptions; 25% of the survivors received benzodiazepines during LTOT. Multivariable analyses identified variations in safety measures by multiple clinical factors, although none were consistently significant across outcomes.ConclusionsTo improve safe LTOT prescribing for survivors, efforts should focus on increasing multimodal pain management and reducing inappropriate benzodiazepine prescribing. Different clinical predictors of each outcome suggest different drivers of safe prescribing.
mTOR‐dependent immunometabolism as Achilles' heel of anticancer therapy
Authors: Braun Clarissa , Weichhart Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmune cells are important constituents of the tumor microenvironment and essential in eradicating tumor cells during conventional therapies or novel immunotherapies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses the intra‐ and extracellular nutrient status, growth factor supply, and cell stress‐related changes to coordinate cellular metabolism and activation dictating effector and memory functions in mainly all hematopoietic immune cells. In addition, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 are frequently deregulated and become activated in cancer cells to drive cell transformation, survival, neovascularization, and invasion. In this review, we provide an overview of the influence of mTOR complexes on immune and cancer cell function and metabolism. We discuss how mTOR inhibitors aiming to target cancer cells will influence immunometabolic cell functions participating either in antitumor responses or favoring tumor cell progression in individual immune cells. We suggest immunometabolism as the weak spot of anticancer therapy and propose to evaluate patients according to their predominant immune cell subtype in the cancer tissue. Advances in metabolic drug development that hold promise for more effective treatments in different types of cancer will have to consider their effects on the immune system.
An Unprecedented Cluster Unit in (BMIm)2[Hf9Cl14H8(AlCl4)6]
Authors: Jablonski Jonas , Bresien Jonas , Köckerling Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe reduction of HfCl4 with Li[AlH4] under ionothermal conditions using (BMIm)[AlCl4] as solvent and as reactant gives the compound (BMIm)2[Hf9Cl14H8(AlCl4)6] in moderate yield. It contains nona‐nuclear metalloid cluster units with an unprecedented arrangement of the metal atoms. This can be described by a polyhedron consisting of two trigonal bipyramids, which are fused in one basal Hf atom. The edges of the Hf9 polyhedron are bridged by Cl atoms and the apical sites Cl‐bonded to [AlCl4]− anions. These bridge the cluster units into 1D cluster strands. The metal atom polyhedron can be constructed by a step‐wise distortion of a body centred cube. DFT calculations on [Hf9Cl14H(8‐x)(AlCl4)6]2− units for different numbers of hydrogen atoms (x=8–0) at the UPBE‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory indicate significant metal‐metal bonding. These calculations supported strongly the presence of hydridic H atoms bridging triangular faces of the metal atom skeleton. The most stable cluster anion is calculated for eight H atoms present in the cluster unit.