bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in prevalence of actionable HbA1c levels in UK Biobank: implications for screening
Authors: Anderson Jana J , Welsh Paul , Ho Frederick K , Ferguson Lyn D , Welsh Claire E , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Cleland John G F , Forbes John , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Boyle James , Lindsay Robert , Celis-Morales Carlos , Gray Stuart Robert , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Gill Jason Martin Regnald , Pell Jill P , Sattar Naveed 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionEarly detection and treatment of diabetes as well as its prevention help lessen longer-term complications. We determined the prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in the UK Biobank and standardized the results to the UK general population.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed baseline UK Biobank data on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to compare the prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in white, South Asian, black, and Chinese participants. The overall and ethnic-specific results were standardized to the UK general population aged 40–70 years of age.ResultsWithin the UK Biobank, the overall crude prevalence was 3.6% for pre-diabetes, 0.8% for undiagnosed diabetes, and 4.4% for either. Following standardization to the UK general population, the results were similar at 3.8%, 0.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. Crude prevalence was much higher in South Asian (11.0% pre-diabetes; 3.6% undiagnosed diabetes; 14.6% either) or black (13.8% pre-diabetes; 3.0% undiagnosed diabetes; 16.8% either) participants. Only six middle-aged or old-aged South Asian individuals or seven black would need to be tested to identify an HbA1c result that merits action.ConclusionsSingle-stage population screening for pre-diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes in middle-old or old-aged South Asian and black individuals using HbA1c could be efficient and should be considered.
CLARIFY 2021: explanation and elaboration of the Delphi-based guidelines for the reporting of yoga research
Authors: Moonaz Steffany , Nault Daryl , Cramer Holger , Ward Lesley 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundReporting of yoga research often lacks the detail required for clinical application, study replication, summary research and comparative effectiveness studies.MethodsTo improve the transparency of reporting yoga interventions, and building on the development of previous reporting guidelines, a group of international yoga research stakeholders developed the consensus-based CheckList stAndardising the Reporting of Interventions For Yoga (CLARIFY) guidelines.ResultsThe 21-item CLARIFY checklist outlines the minimum details considered necessary for high-quality reporting of yoga research. This paper provides a detailed explanation of each of the 21 items of the CLARIFY checklist, together with model examples of how to integrate each item into publications of yoga research. The CLARIFY guideline serves as an extension for existing research reporting guidelines, and is flexible for use across all study designs.ConclusionWe strongly encourage the uptake of these reporting guidelines by researchers and journals, to facilitate improvements in the transparency and utility of yoga research.
Characterising the outcomes, impacts and implementation challenges of advanced clinical practice roles in the UK: a scoping review
Authors: Evans Catrin , Poku Brenda , Pearce Ruth , Eldridge Jeanette , Hendrick Paul , Knaggs Roger , Blake Holly , Yogeswaran Gowsika , McLuskey John , Tomczak Philippa , Thow Ruaridh , Harris Peter , Conway Joy , Collier Richard 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesIn response to demographic and health system pressures, the development of non-medical advanced clinical practice (ACP) roles is a key component of National Health Service workforce transformation policy in the UK. This review was undertaken to establish a baseline of evidence on ACP roles and their outcomes, impacts and implementation challenges across the UK.DesignA scoping review was undertaken following JBI methodological guidance.Methods13 online databases (Medline, CINAHL, ASSIA, Embase, HMIC, AMED, Amber, OT seeker, PsycINFO, PEDro, SportDiscus, Osteopathic Research and PenNutrition) and grey literature sources were searched from 2005 to 2020. Data extraction, charting and summary was guided by the PEPPA-Plus framework. The review was undertaken by a multi-professional team that included an expert lay representative.Results191 papers met the inclusion criteria (any type of UK evidence, any sector/setting and any profession meeting the Health Education England definition of ACP). Most papers were small-scale descriptive studies, service evaluations or audits. The papers reported mainly on clinical aspects of the ACP role. Most papers related to nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and radiography roles and these were referred to by a plethora of different titles. ACP roles were reported to be achieving beneficial impacts across a range of clinical and health system outcomes. They were highly acceptable to patients and staff. No significant adverse events were reported. There was a lack of cost-effectiveness evidence. Implementation challenges included a lack of role clarity and an ambivalent role identity, lack of mentorship, lack of continuing professional development and an unclear career pathway.ConclusionThis review suggests a need for educational and role standardisation and a supported career pathway for advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) in the UK. Future research should: (i) adopt more robust study designs, (ii) investigate the full scope of the ACP role and (iii) include a wider range of professions and sectors.
Randomised controlled trial comparing two group-based exercise programmes (team sport vs circuit training) on men’s health: study protocol
Authors: Blake Henry T , Stenner Brad J , Buckley Jonathan David , Crozier Alyson J 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionPhysical activity promotes physical, psychological and social health. Despite this, almost half of middle-aged (35–54 years) Australian men are insufficiently active. Exercise adherence is increased with social interaction in a group setting. Team sport can leverage the power of groups and has shown to be more intrinsically motivating than discrete exercise modes. Evaluation of the effect of team sport compared with traditional group exercise on health, particularly psychological and social health, and physical activity levels of middle-aged men is limited. This study aims to compare the effects of team sport participation and group circuit training on physical activity levels and health in insufficiently active middle-aged men.Methods and analysisIn this parallel randomised controlled trial, n=128 men aged 35–54 years will complete a 12-week team sport or group circuit exercise programme. Participants must self-report to not be meeting Australian physical activity guidelines or participating in team sport before recruitment. Health-related quality of life, exercise motivation, psychological needs satisfaction, sleep and physical activity levels (accelerometry), blood lipids, glucose and metabolic syndrome risk score will be assessed at baseline, end of the programme and 12 weeks follow-up. Linear mixed effect models will be used.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the University of South Australia’s Human Research Ethics Committee (Ethics Protocol 203274). Study results will be disseminated via publication in disciplinary-specific journals, conference presentations, and as part of a Doctoral thesis.Trial registration numberANCTRN12621000483853.
Retrograde thrombectomy of basilar artery thrombus through the posterior communicating artery
Authors: Kass-Hout Omar , Becske Tibor 
Published: August 2021

Transcirculation thrombectomy through the communicating arteries of the circle of Willis has been previously described as a bailout in cases where direct thrombectomy is not feasible.1–3 Here we present a unique case where a retrograde thrombectomy of the proximal basilar artery was performed using the right posterior communicating artery (PCOM) in a patient with bilateral occlusions of the vertebral arteries, believed to be chronic. This was done using a quadriaxial system with multiple concentric catheters to minimize the ledge effect and achieve smooth and safe transition of the catheters from anterior to posterior circulations. A combination of stent retrieval, aspiration and balloon occlusion guide catheters helped retrieve the thrombus, while minimizing emboli in new territory (ENT). The patient had complete resolution of symptoms. The thrombus is believed to be due to stasis at the vertebrobasilar junction and competing flow, hence, the patient was started on anticoagulation. (video 1)Video 1Disclaimer: this video summarises a scientific article published by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ). The content of this video has not been peer-reviewed and does not constitute medical advice. Any opinions expressed are solely those of the contributors. Viewers should be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. BMJ does not endorse any opinions expressed or recommendations discussed. Viewers should not use the content of the video as the basis for any medical treatment. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content.
The correspondence between shadow and test field in a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Authors: Chen Deyou , Gao Chuanhong , Liu Xianming , Yu Chengye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the photon sphere, shadow radius and quasinormal modes of a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole. The perturbation of a massless scalar field in the black hole’s background is adopted. The quasinormal modes are gotten by the 6th order WKB approximation approach and shadow radius, respectively. When the value of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant increase, the values of the real parts of the quasinormal modes increase and those of the imaginary parts decrease. The coincidence degrees of quasinormal modes derived by the two approaches increases with the increase of the values of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant and multipole number. It shows the correspondence between the shadow and test field in the four-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet–Maxwell gravity. The radii of the photon sphere and shadow increase with the decrease of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant.
Hélio Oiticica em Brighton: um conto inédito
Authors: Galeazzi Annelise Estrella 
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho apresenta o fac-símile datilografado de um conto sem título, escrito pelo artista brasileiro Hélio Oiticica, que se encontra em seu acervo digital, o Programa HO, financiado pelo Itaú Cultural. Escrito em 1969, quando Oiticica realizava uma residência artística na Universidade de Sussex, em Birghton, na Inlgaterra, o conto narra as angústias de um personagem poeta em busca da felicidade.
A abordagem hermenêutica nos estudos da tradução
Authors: Stefanink Bernd , Bălăcescu Ioana , Fortier Diana 
Published: August 2021

Na primeira parte, demonstraremos esta validade, baseados no fato de que a abordagem hermenêutica integra fatores como a subjetividade, a intuição, a corporalidade e a criatividade em sua reflexão teórica, aproximando-se, assim, da realidade do processo tradutor. Na segunda parte, situaremos esta abordagem no contexto do desenvolvimento dos estudos modernos da tradução desde os anos 1950, e mostraremos que este desenvolvimento foi caracterizado por uma tendência determinante, que levou de uma visão atomista da unidade de tradução a uma visão mais holística, legitimando-a, o que é fundamental para a Hermenêutica da Tradução. A terceira parte relata a história da hermenêutica filosófica como fundação legítima da Hermenêutica da Tradução. Na quarta parte, devotada às “perspectivas futuras”, procuraremos demonstrar a legitimidade da abordagem hermenêutica, demonstrando como ela é confirmada por resultados de pesquisa em ciência cognitiva. Para motivar a continuidade dos trabalhos em Hermenêutica da Tradução, também oferecemos uma metodologia para o estudo do processo tradutório baseada nos princípios hermenêuticos. Finalmente, oferecemos um exemplo de legitimação do processo de solução de problemas de tradução, baseado na abordagem hermenêutica e validado pelos resultados da pesquisa cognitiva.
Hypercholesterolemia Impairs Clearance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Promotes Inflammation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression
Authors: Dhawan Umesh Kumar , Bhattacharya Purbasha , Narayanan Sriram , Manickam Vijayprakash , Aggarwal Ayush , Subramanian Manikandan 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Hypercholesterolemia-induced NETosis and accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the atherosclerotic lesion exacerbates inflammation and is causally implicated in plaque progression. We investigated whether hypercholesterolemia additionally impairs the clearance of NETs mediated by endonucleases such as DNase1 and DNase1L3 and its implication in advanced atherosclerotic plaque progression.

Approach and Results:

Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that an experimental increase in the systemic level of NETs leads to a rapid increase in serum DNase activity, which is critical for the prompt clearance of NETs and achieving inflammation resolution. Importantly, hypercholesterolemic mice demonstrate an impairment in this critical NET-induced DNase response with consequent delay in the clearance of NETs and defective inflammation resolution. Administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone that relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress, rescued the hypercholesterolemia-induced impairment in the NET-induced DNase response suggesting a causal role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in this phenomenon. Correction of the defective DNase response with exogenous supplementation of DNase1 in
Apoe

−/−

mice with advanced atherosclerosis resulted in a decrease in plaque NET content and significant plaque remodeling with decreased area of plaque necrosis and increased collagen content. From a translational standpoint, we demonstrate that humans with hypercholesterolemia have elevated systemic extracellular DNA levels and decreased plasma DNase activity.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that hypercholesterolemia impairs the NET-induced DNase response resulting in defective clearance and accumulation of NETs in the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, strategies aimed at rescuing this defect could be of potential therapeutic benefit in promoting inflammation resolution and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.
Anthocyanins Activate Membrane Estrogen Receptors With Nanomolar Potencies to Elicit a Nongenomic Vascular Response Via NO Production
Authors: Calfío Camila , Donoso Francisca , Huidobro‐Toro J. Pablo 
Published: August 2021

Background
The vascular pharmacodynamics of anthocyanins is only partially understood. To examine whether the anthocyanin‐induced vasorelaxation is related to membrane estrogen receptor activity, the role of ERα or GPER antagonism was ascertained on anthocyanins or 17‐β estradiol‐(E2) induced vasodilatations and NO production.

Methods and Results
The rat arterial mesenteric bed was perfused with either anthocyanins or corresponding 3‐O‐glycosides, or E2, to examine rapid concentration‐dependent vasorelaxations. The luminally accessible fraction of NO in mesenteric perfusates before and after anthocyanins or E2 administration was quantified. Likewise, NO‐DAF signal detected NO production in primary endothelial cells cultures incubated with anthocyanins or E2 in the absence and presence of ERα (ICI 182,780) or GPER (G‐36) selective antagonists. Anthocyanins or corresponding glycosides elicited, within minutes, vasodilation with nanomolar potencies; half maximal anthocyanin response reached 50% to 60% efficacy, in contrast to acetylcholine. The vasorelaxation is of rapid onset and exclusively endothelium‐dependent; NOS inhibition annulled the vasorelaxation. The delphinidin vascular response was not modified by 100 nmol/L atropine but significantly attenuated by joint application of ICI plus G‐36 (52±4.6 versus 8.5±1.5%), revealing the role of membrane estrogen receptors. Moreover, the anthocyanin or E2‐induced NO production was antagonized up to 70% by these antagonists. NO‐DAF signal elicited by anthocyanins was annulled by NOS inhibition or by ICI plus G‐36 addition.

Conclusions
The biomedical effect of anthocyanins or 3‐O‐glycosylates derivatives contained in naturally purple‐colored foods or berries is due to increased NO production, and not to the phytochemical's antioxidant potential, highlighting the nutraceutical role of natural products in cardiovascular diseases.
Rheumatic Heart Disease in the United States: Forgotten But Not Gone
Authors: de Loizaga Sarah R. , Arthur Lindsay , Arya Bhawna , Beckman Brian , Belay Wubishet , Brokamp Cole , Hyun Choi Nak , Connolly Sean , Dasgupta Soham , Dibert Tavenner , Dryer Marylou M. , Gokanapudy Hahn Lakshmi R. , Greene Elizabeth Anne , Kernizan Daphney , Khalid Omar , Klein Jennifer , Kobayashi Ryan , Lahiri Subhrajit , Lorenzoni Raymond P. , Otero Luna Andrea , Marshall Jennifer , Millette Theodore , Moore Lily , Muhamed Babu , Murali Meghna , Parikh Kinjal , Sanyahumbi Amy , Shakti Divya , Stein Elizabeth , Shah Sanket , Wilkins Hannah , Windom McAllister , Wirth Scott , Zimmerman Meghan , Beck Andrew F. , Ollberding Nicholas , Sable Craig , Beaton Andrea 
Published: August 2021

Background
Recent evaluation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) mortality demonstrates disproportionate disease burden within the United States. However, there are few contemporary data on US children living with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and RHD.

Methods and Results
Twenty‐two US pediatric institutions participated in a 10‐year review (2008–2018) of electronic medical records and echocardiographic databases of children 4 to 17 years diagnosed with ARF/RHD to determine demographics, diagnosis, and management. Geocoding was used to determine a census tract‐based socioeconomic deprivation index. Descriptive statistics of patient characteristics and regression analysis of RHD classification, disease severity, and initial antibiotic prescription according to community deprivation were obtained. Data for 947 cases showed median age at diagnosis of 9 years; 51% and 56% identified as male and non‐White, respectively. Most (89%) had health insurance and were first diagnosed in the United States (82%). Only 13% reported travel to an endemic region before diagnosis. Although 96% of patients were prescribed secondary prophylaxis, only 58% were prescribed intramuscular benzathine penicillin G. Higher deprivation was associated with increasing disease severity (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08–1.46).

Conclusions
The majority of recent US cases of ARF and RHD are endemic rather than the result of foreign exposure. Children who live in more deprived communities are at risk for more severe disease. This study demonstrates a need to improve guideline‐based treatment for ARF/RHD with respect to secondary prophylaxis and to increase research efforts to better understand ARF and RHD in the United States.
Adverse Effect of Circadian Rhythm Disorder on Reparative Angiogenesis in Hind Limb Ischemia
Authors: Tsuzuki Kazuhito , Shimizu Yuuki , Suzuki Junya , Pu Zhongyue , Yamaguchi Shukuro , Fujikawa Yusuke , Kato Katsuhiro , Ohashi Koji , Takefuji Mikito , Bando Yasuko K. , Ouchi Noriyuki , Calvert John W. , Shibata Rei , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: August 2021

Background
Circadian rhythm disorders, often seen in modern lifestyles, are a major social health concern. The aim of this study was to examine whether circadian rhythm disorders would influence angiogenesis and blood perfusion recovery in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia.

Methods and Results

A jet‐lag model was established in C57BL/6J mice using a light‐controlled isolation box. Control mice were kept at a light/dark 12:12 (12‐hour light and 12‐hour dark) condition. Concentrations of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in control mice formed a circadian rhythm, which was diminished in the jet‐lag model (
P
<0.05). The jet‐lag condition deteriorated tissue capillary formation (
P
<0.001) and tissue blood perfusion recovery (
P
<0.01) in hind limb ischemia, which was associated with downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in local ischemic tissue and in the plasma. Although the expression of clock genes (ie,
Clock
,
Bmal1
, and
Cry
) in local tissues was upregulated after ischemic injury, the expression levels of cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and Cry2 were inhibited by the jet‐lag condition. Next,
Cry1
and
Cry2
double‐knockout mice were examined for blood perfusion recoveries and a reparative angiogenesis.
Cry1
and
Cry2
double‐knockout mice revealed suppressed capillary density (
P
<0.001) and suppressed tissue blood perfusion recovery (
P
<0.05) in the hind limb ischemia model. Moreover, knockdown of
CRY1/2
in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was accompanied by increased expression of
WEE1
and decreased expression of
HOXC5
. This was associated with decreased proliferative capacity, migration ability, and tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively, leading to impairment of angiogenesis.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that circadian rhythm disorder deteriorates reparative ischemia‐induced angiogenesis and that maintenance of circadian rhythm plays an important role in angiogenesis.
Clinical Effectiveness of Sacubitril/Valsartan Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Greene Stephen J. , Choi Sujung , Lippmann Steven J. , Mentz Robert J. , Greiner Melissa A. , Hardy N. Chantelle , Hammill Bradley G. , Luo Nancy , Samsky Marc D. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Laskey Warren K. , Yancy Clyde W. , Peterson Pamela N. , Curtis Lesley H. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Fonarow Gregg C. , O'Brien Emily C. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Sacubitril/Valsartan has been highly efficacious in randomized trials of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan in older patients hospitalized for HFrEF in real‐world US practice is unclear.

Methods and Results

This study included Medicare beneficiaries age ≥65 years who were hospitalized for HFrEF ≤40% in the Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure registry between October 2015 and December 2018, and eligible for sacubitril/valsartan. Associations between discharge prescription of sacubitril/valsartan and clinical outcomes were assessed after inverse probability of treatment weighting and adjustment for other HFrEF medications. Overall, 1551 (10.9%) patients were discharged on sacubitril/valsartan. Of those not prescribed sacubitril/valsartan, 7857 (62.0%) were prescribed an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker. Over 12‐month follow‐up, compared with a discharge prescription of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker, sacubitril/valsartan was independently associated with lower all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72–0.94;
P
=0.004) but not all‐cause hospitalization (adjusted HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89–1.07;
P
=0.55) or heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.91–1.18;
P
=0.59). Patients prescribed sacubitril/valsartan versus those without a prescription had lower risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60–0.79;
P
<0.001), all‐cause hospitalization (adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98;
P
=0.02), but not heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.82–1.08;
P
=0.40).

Conclusions
Among patients hospitalized for HFrEF, prescription of sacubitril/valsartan at discharge was independently associated with reduced postdischarge mortality compared with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker, and reduced mortality and all‐cause hospitalization compared with no sacubitril/valsartan. These findings support the use of sacubitril/valsartan to improve postdischarge outcomes among older patients hospitalized for HFrEF in routine US clinical practice.