bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in neurochemical measurements: A review of biomarkers and devices for the development of closed-loop deep brain stimulation systems
Authors: Rojas Cabrera Juan M. , Blair Price J. , Rusheen Aaron E. , Goyal Abhinav , Jondal Danielle , Barath Abhijeet S. , Shin Hojin , Chang Su-Youne , Bennet Kevin E. , Blaha Charles D. , Lee Kendall H. , Oh Yoonbae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurochemical recording techniques have expanded our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, as well as the mechanisms of action of treatment modalities like deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS is used to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, among others. Although DBS is effective at alleviating symptoms related to these diseases and improving the quality of life of these patients, the mechanism of action of DBS is currently not fully understood. A leading hypothesis is that DBS modulates the electrical field potential by modifying neuronal firing frequencies to non-pathological rates thus providing therapeutic relief. To address this gap in knowledge, recent advances in electrochemical sensing techniques have given insight into the importance of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and adenosine, in disease pathophysiology. These studies have also highlighted their potential use in tandem with electrophysiology to serve as biomarkers in disease diagnosis and progression monitoring, as well as characterize response to treatment. Here, we provide an overview of disease-relevant neurotransmitters and their roles and implications as biomarkers, as well as innovations to the biosensors used to record these biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss currently available neurochemical and electrophysiological recording devices, and discuss their viability to be implemented into the development of a closed-loop DBS system.
Is Imitation Bad for the Production of Creative Works?
Authors: Bae Sang Hoo , Yoo Kyeongwon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a theoretical framework to discuss the positive role of imitative works where creators often have private information about their creative abilities and may need outside investment. Within this framework, we consider the impact of three types of copyright protection during the different stages: the production, distribution, and consumption of creative works. Different types of enforcement can discourage imitation (production-side enforcement), limit distribution (supply-side enforcement), and restrict consumption (demand-side enforcement) of unauthorized copies of creative works. The last two types of infringement are called end-user piracy since these involve end-users, who actively search and illegally access creative works. The main results show that substitutability exists between copyright protection against end-user piracy since both types of enforcement increase the creator’s incentive with a higher return. However, it cannot solve the inefficient investment problem due to information asymmetry. There exists complementarity between copyright protection against end-user piracy and imitation. When weak protection against end-user piracy yields the overproduction of creative works, a high level of protection against imitation can minimize the related inefficiencies. However, when end-user piracy enforcement increases and brings underproduction, imitative works can benefit society.
The Cellular Electrophysiological Properties Underlying Multiplexed Coding in Purkinje Cells
Authors: Zang Yunliang , De Schutter Erik 
Published: January 2021

Neuronal firing patterns are crucial to underpin circuit level behaviors. In cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), both spike rates and pauses are used for behavioral coding, but the cellular mechanisms causing code transitions remain unknown. We use a well-validated PC model to explore the coding strategy that individual PCs use to process parallel fiber (PF) inputs. We find increasing input intensity shifts PCs from linear rate-coders to burst-pause timing-coders by triggering localized dendritic spikes. We validate dendritic spike properties with experimental data, elucidate spiking mechanisms, and predict spiking thresholds with and without inhibition. Both linear and burst-pause computations use individual branches as computational units, which challenges the traditional view of PCs as linear point neurons. Dendritic spike thresholds can be regulated by voltage state, compartmentalized channel modulation, between-branch interaction and synaptic inhibition to expand the dynamic range of linear computation or burst-pause computation. In addition, co-activated PF inputs between branches can modify somatic maximum spike rates and pause durations to make them carry analog signals. Our results provide new insights into the strategies used by individual neurons to expand their capacity of information processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding how neurons process information is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Purkinje cells (PCs) were traditionally regarded as linear point neurons. We used computational modeling to unveil their electrophysiological properties underlying the multiplexed coding strategy that is observed during behaviors. We demonstrate that increasing input intensity triggers localized dendritic spikes, shifting PCs from linear rate-coders to burst-pause timing-coders. Both coding strategies work at the level of individual dendritic branches. Our work suggests that PCs have the ability to implement branch-specific multiplexed coding at the cellular level, thereby increasing the capacity of cerebellar coding and learning.
Visual Attention Modulates Glutamate-Glutamine Levels in Vestibular Cortex: Evidence from Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Frank Sebastian M. , Forster Lisa , Pawellek Maja , Malloni Wilhelm M. , Ahn Sinyeob , Tse Peter U. , Greenlee Mark W. 
Published: January 2021

Attending to a stimulus enhances the neuronal responses to it, while responses to nonattended stimuli are not enhanced and may even be suppressed. Although the neural mechanisms of response enhancement for attended stimuli have been intensely studied, the neural mechanisms underlying attentional suppression remain largely unknown. It is uncertain whether attention acts to suppress the processing in sensory cortical areas that would otherwise process the nonattended stimulus or the subcortical input to these cortical areas. Moreover, the neurochemical mechanisms inducing a reduction or suppression of neuronal responses to nonattended stimuli are as yet unknown. Here, we investigated how attention directed toward visual processing cross-modally acts to suppress vestibular responses in the human brain. By using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a group of female and male subjects, we find that attention to visual motion downregulates in a load-dependent manner the concentration of excitatory neurotransmitter (glutamate and its precursor glutamine, referred to together as Glx) within the parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC), a core cortical area of the vestibular system, while leaving the concentration of inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA) in PIVC unchanged. This makes PIVC less responsive to excitatory thalamic vestibular input, as corroborated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Together, our results suggest that attention acts to suppress the processing of nonattended sensory cues cortically by neurochemically rendering the core cortical area of the nonattended sensory modality less responsive to excitatory thalamic input.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we address a fundamental problem that has eluded attention research for decades, namely, how the brain ignores irrelevant stimuli. To date, three classes of solutions to this problem have been proposed: (1) enhancement of GABAergic interneuron activity in cortex, (2) downregulation of glutamatergic cell activity in cortex; and (3) downregulation of neural activity in thalamic projection areas, which would then provide the cortex with less input. Here, we use magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans and find support for the second hypothesis, implying that attention to one sensory modality involves the suppression of irrelevant stimuli of another sensory modality by downregulating glutamate in the cortex.
Ythdf is a N6‐methyladenosine reader that modulates Fmr1 target mRNA selection and restricts axonal growth in Drosophila
Authors: Worpenberg Lina , Paolantoni Chiara , Longhi Sara , Mulorz Miriam M , Lence Tina , Wessels Hans‐Hermann , Dassi Erik , Aiello Giuseppe , Sutandy F X Reymond , Scheibe Marion , Edupuganti Raghu R , Busch Anke , Möckel Martin M , Vermeulen Michiel , Butter Falk , König Julian , Notarangelo Michela , Ohler Uwe , Dieterich Christoph , Quattrone Alessandro , Soldano Alessia , Roignant Jean‐Yves 
Published: January 2021

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulates a variety of physiological processes through modulation of RNA metabolism. This modification is particularly enriched in the nervous system of several species, and its dysregulation has been associated with neurodevelopmental defects and neural dysfunctions. In Drosophila, loss of m6A alters fly behavior, albeit the underlying molecular mechanism and the role of m6A during nervous system development have remained elusive. Here we find that impairment of the m6A pathway leads to axonal overgrowth and misguidance at larval neuromuscular junctions as well as in the adult mushroom bodies. We identify Ythdf as the main m6A reader in the nervous system, being required to limit axonal growth. Mechanistically, we show that the m6A reader Ythdf directly interacts with Fmr1, the fly homolog of Fragile X mental retardation RNA binding protein (FMRP), to inhibit the translation of key transcripts involved in axonal growth regulation. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the m6A pathway controls development of the nervous system and modulates Fmr1 target transcript selection.
Formulae, Wordplay, Verses and More: Where Humor Research Meets Phraseology
Authors: Masiulionytė Virginija 
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to examine the meeting points between phraseology and humor research, focusing on the role and the functions of fixed phrases in humor discourse. The examples to illustrate certain aspects of usage of fixed phrases for joke purposes are taken mainly from social media such as Facebook and Twitter and include jokes in English, German, Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish. In the course of the investigation, a distinction ought to be made between set phrases (idioms in the narrower sense of the term, proverbs, catch phrases etc.) and fixed phrases in general. Set phrases (phrasemes) have an “added value” regarding their meaning – be it a figurative element, be it ready-made reasoning or behavioral models in short form in the case of adages. In humor discourse idioms – and proverbs – are used mainly for wordplay, in which both the literal and the idiomatic meaning are activated. The wordplay can happen also in verse form. Adages can be transformed or twisted resulting in new parodistic or funny sayings. Fixed phrases outside of the phraseology can be separated into two groups: phrases typical for a particular discourse type and joke frame related phrases. The former, as means to evoke a certain frame, are used in parodistic jokes (e.g., the phrase ladies if he evokes the dating tips frame). The latter constitute a distinct class of fixed phrases which can be found only in the humor discourse: these phrases act as joke formulae und provide a basis for bigger or smaller joke categories. Certain phrases in this group, such as checks notes or nothing like deserve a mention as irony markers with a distinctive evaluative character. The shared feature of all these idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrases is that they are well-known, re-occur in the language and, in that respect, can considered belonging to the sphere of interests of phraseology. Regarding the main functions of fixed phrases in the humor discourse, they can contribute to the social play, provide the cues to switch to a nonserious humor mindset or express evaluation – from mild mockery to aggressive ridicule.
Collocations in Letters to the Editor of Die Zeit
Authors: Skog-Södersved Mariann , Malmqvist Anita 
Published: January 2021

In the field of phraseology collocations have been less extensively researched than idioms. Because of their lower degree of idiomaticity collocations do not normally cause receptive problems in foreign language learning but need to be paid attention to when producing texts. We therefore argue that collocations are an important part of phraseology.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the syntactic structure, use and functions of collocations in 243 Letters to the Editor published in the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit. After consulting two dictionaries of collocations and some more universal sources a total of 278 collocations were identified and their respective bases and collocates were determined. The results show that nouns make up the majority of the bases (97%), while adjectives and verbs prevail among the collocates (96%). This is contradictory to the distribution of parts of speech in one of the two most comprehensive German dictionaries of collocations. A closer analysis of the empirical material reveals that the bases seem to reflect the subjects discussed in the letters, whereas the collocates provide the means for expressing the authors’ attitudes and values.
Hearing screening program of the
first class students in primary schools
from the Mazovia voivodeship
Authors: Skarżyński Piotr , Świerniak Weronika , Gocel Maria , Tarczyński Krzysztof , Soćko Sylwia , Król Bartłomiej , Kochanek Krzysztof , Doliński Paweł , Skarżyński Henryk 
Published: January 2021

WstępW dniu 1 sierpnia 2017 r. Instytut Fizjologii i Patologii Słuchu rozpoczął program badań przesiewowych słuchu obejmujący
całe województwo mazowieckie – pierwszy na świecie region, w którym badaniami słuchu została objęta cała populacja dzieci rozpoczynających edukację szkolną. W ramach programu rodzice / opiekunowie prawni dzieci oraz pracownicy podmiotów udzielających świadczeń podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej wzięli udział w spotkaniach informacyjno-edukacyjnych.CelWczesne wykrycie zaburzeń słuchu u dzieci przystępujących do obowiązku szkolnego na terenie województwa mazowieckiego
oraz zwiększenie świadomości rodziców oraz pracowników podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej na temat zaburzeń słuchu.Materiał i metodyW trakcie dwuletniego programu badaniami objęto łącznie 39 937 uczniów. Procedura przesiewowych badań
słuchu składała się ze wstępnego badania lekarskiego z użyciem otoskopu oraz przesiewowego badania audiometrycznego określającego progi słyszenia przy użyciu Platformy Badań Zmysłów. Elementem procedury było również wypełnienie przez rodziców / opiekunów prawnych krótkiej ankiety audiologicznej, składającej się z 8 pytań, opracowanej przez specjalistów z Instytutu Fizjologii i Patologii Słuchu w Kajetanach.WynikiNieprawidłowy wynik badania przesiewowego stwierdzono u 8791 (tj. 22%) badanych dzieci). Większość ubytków słuchu
była w stopniu od lekkiego do umiarkowanego. Analiza wykazała, że wśród dzieci z nieprawidłowym wynikiem badania audiometrycznego, 65,2% miało niedosłuch jednostronny. W większości przypadków (tj. ponad 79%) rodzice nie zauważyli u swoich dzieci problemów ze słuchem.WnioskiBadania przesiewowe słuchu u dzieci rozpoczynających obowiązek szkolny powinny być stałym elementem programów
profilaktyki zdrowotnej. Badania przesiewowe słuchu to element procesu, który ma celu wczesne wykrycie zaburzeń słuchu i wdrożenie postępowania diagnostycznego, terapeutycznego oraz rehabilitacyjnego, aby stworzyć szansę na prawidłowy rozwój. To oznacza ogromną odpowiedzialność spoczywającą na wszystkich grupach zawodowych zaangażowanych w cały proces wczesnej identyfikacji i rehabilitacji zaburzeń słuchu. Niewątpliwie nad prawidłowym przebiegiem realizacji programu muszą czuwać odpowiednie
towarzystwa naukowe i stowarzyszenia zawodowe.
Persian Astronomy in Sanskrit
Authors: Misra Anuj 
Published: January 2021

Starting from the late medieval period of Indian history, Islamicate and Sanskrit astral sciences exchanged ideas in complex discourses shaped by the power struggles of language, culture, and identity. The practice of translation played a vital role in transporting science across the physical and mental realms of an ever-changing society. The present study begins by looking at the culture of translating astronomy in late-medieval and early-modern India. This provides the historical context to then examine the language with which Nityānanda, a seventeenth-century Hindu astronomer at the Mughal court of Emperor Shāh Jahān, translated into Sanskrit the Persian astronomical text of his Muslim colleague Mullā Farīd. Nityānanda's work is an example of how secular innovation and sacred tradition expressed themselves in Sanskrit astral sciences.
This article includes a comparative description of the contents in the second discourse of Mullā Farīd's Zīj-i Shāh Jahānī (c. 1629/30) and the second part of Nityānanda's Siddhāntasindhu (c. early 1630s), along with a critical examination of the sixth chapter from both these works. The chapter-titles and the contents of the sixth chapter in Persian and Sanskrit are edited and translated into English for the very first time. The focus of this study is to highlight the linguistic (syntactic, semantic, and communicative) aspects in Nityānanda's Sanskrit translation of Mullā Farīd's Persian text. The mathematics of the chapter is discussed in a forthcoming publication. An indexed glossary of technical terms from the edited Persian and Sanskrit text is appended at the end of the work.
Criatividade tecnológica
Authors: Rosa Maurício , Dantas Douglas Martins 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo objetiva investigar o processo criativo de professores e professoras de matemática enquanto esses constróem atividades com Tecnologias Digitais (TD) atuais e/ou que não são conhecidas (novas para cada um), de forma a evidenciar os horizontes da criatividade que podem se desvelar nas dimensões matemática, pedagógica e tecnológica da Cyberformação com professores/as de matemática. Essa forma/ação compreende o trabalho com TD não sendo mecânico, técnico, como se as TD utilizadas fossem somente auxiliares ao ensino e à aprendizagem, mas que participam da constituição do conhecimento matemático. Assim, buscamos compreender, por meio do paradigma qualitativo de pesquisa, como as TD podem ser inseridas nas aulas de matemática, observando a criatividade nesse processo. Realizamos um curso semipresencial com professores/as de matemática e conseguimos perceber atos próprios de criatividade tecnológica, os quais se desvelam mediante atualizações no potencial criador e/ou no potencial criativo do indivíduo, ampliando o domínio subjetivo dos/as envolvidos/as nesse processo de forma/ação.
Functional Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty at a Mean Follow-up of 7.6 Years
Authors: Brodsky James W. , Scott Daniel J. , Ford Samuel , Coleman Scott , Daoud Yahya 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In vivo gait analysis provides objective measurement of patient function and can quantify that function before and after ankle reconstruction. Previous gait studies have shown functional improvement for up to 4 years following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), but to date, there are no published studies assessing function at ≥5 years following TAA. We hypothesized that patients who underwent TAA would show significant improvements in walking function at a minimum follow-up of 5 years, compared with their preoperative function, as measured by changes in temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic gait parameters.

Methods:
Three-dimensional gait analysis with a 12-camera digital motion-capture system and double force plates was utilized to record temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic measures in 33 patients who underwent TAA with either the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (Stryker; n = 28) or Salto Talaris Ankle (Integra LifeSciences; n = 5). Gait analysis was performed preoperatively and at a minimum follow-up of 5 years (mean, 7.6 years; range, 5 to 13 years).

Results:
Significant improvements were observed in multiple gait parameters, with temporospatial increases in cadence (+9.5 steps/min; p < 0.0001), step length (+4.4 cm; p = 0.0013), and walking speed (+0.2 m/s; p < 0.0001), and kinematic increases in total sagittal range of motion (+2.0°; p = 0.0263), plantar flexion at initial contact (+2.7°; p = 0.0044), and maximum plantar flexion (+2.0°; p = 0.0488). Kinetic analysis revealed no loss of peak ankle power, despite patients aging.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to report 7-year functional outcomes of TAA, quantified by objective, in vivo measurements of patient gait. Patients were shown to have sustained improvement in multiple objective parameters of gait compared with preoperative function.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A New Approach To Estimating Ultimate Recovery for Multistage Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells by Utilizing Completion Parameters Using Machine Learning
Authors: Alarifi Sulaiman A. , Miskimins Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Reserves estimation is an essential part of developing any reservoir. Predicting the long-term production performance and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) in unconventional wells has always been a challenge. Developing a reliable and accurate production forecast in the oil and gas industry is mandatory because it plays a crucial part in decision-making. Several methods are used to estimate EUR in the oil and gas industry, and each has its advantages and limitations. Decline curve analysis (DCA) is a traditional reserves estimation technique that is widely used to estimate EUR in conventional reservoirs. However, when it comes to unconventional reservoirs, traditional methods are frequently unreliable for predicting production trends for low-permeability plays. In recent years, many approaches have been developed to accommodate the high complexity of unconventional plays and establish reliable estimates of reserves. This paper provides a methodology to predict EUR for multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells that outperforms many current methods, incorporates completion data, and overcomes some of the limitations of using DCA or other traditional methods to forecast production.
This new approach is introduced to predict EUR for multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells and is presented as a workflow consisting of production history matching and forecasting using DCA combined with artificial neural network (ANN) predictive models. The developed workflow combines production history data, forecasting using DCA models and completion data to enhance EUR predictions. The predictive models use ANN techniques to predict EUR given short early production history data (3 months to 2 years).
The new approach was developed and tested using actual production and completion data from 989 multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells from four different formations. Sixteen models were developed (four models for each formation) varying in terms of input parameters, structure, and the production history data period it requires. The developed models showed high accuracy (correlation coefficients of 0.85 to 0.99) in predicting EUR given only 3 months to 2 years of production data. The developed models use production forecasts from different DCA models along with well completion data to improve EUR predictions. Using completion parameters in predicting EUR along with the typical DCA is a major addition provided by this study. The end product of this work is a comprehensive workflow to predict EUR that can be implemented in different formations by using well completion data along with early production history data.