bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of filgotinib alone and in combination with methotrexate in Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and limited or no prior exposure to methotrexate: Subpopulation analyses of 24-week data of a global phase 3 study (FINCH 3)
Authors: Atsumi Tatsuya , Tanaka Yoshiya , Matsubara Tsukasa , Amano Koichi , Ishiguro Naoki , Sugiyama Eiji , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Westhovens René , Ching Daniel W.T , Messina Osvaldo Daniel , Burmester Gerd R , Bartok Beatrix , Pechonkina Alena , Kondo Akira , Yin Zhaoyu , Guo Ying , Tasset Chantal , Sundy John S , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of filgotinib for Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and limited or no prior methotrexate (MTX) exposure.

Methods
Data up to 24 weeks were analysed for 71 Japanese patients from a 52-week global Phase 3 study. Patients with RA and limited or no prior MTX exposure were randomised in a 2:1:1:2 ratio to filgotinib 200 mg plus MTX, filgotinib 100 mg plus MTX, filgotinib 200 mg, or MTX. Maximum MTX dose was 15 mg/week. Primary endpoint was proportion achieving 20% improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) at Week 24.

Results
Week 24 ACR20 rates in Japanese patients were 82.6%, 90.9%, 83.3%, and 80.0% for filgotinib 200 mg plus MTX, filgotinib 100 mg plus MTX, filgotinib 200 mg, and MTX, respectively. Greater ACR20 rates with filgotinib vs MTX occurred at Week 2. Greater proportions receiving filgotinib vs MTX achieved DAS28-CRP &lt;2.6 at Weeks 12 and 24. Adverse event rates were comparable across treatments and between the Japanese and overall populations.

Conclusions
While Week 24 ACR20 rates were similar, filgotinib provided faster responses and higher remission rates vs MTX. In Japanese patients with RA and limited or no prior MTX exposure, filgotinib was generally well tolerated.
Differences of 2-year longitudinal changes of locomotive syndrome among patients treated with thoracolumbar interbody fusion, total hip arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty for degenerative diseases
Authors: Taniguchi Naofumi , Jinno Tetsuya , Ohba Tetsuro , Endo Hiroshi , Wako Masanori , Fujita Koji , Koyama Kensuke , Ichikawa Jiro , Ando Takashi , Ochiai Satoshi , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To clarify the longitudinal changes in patients with preoperative Stage-3 locomotive syndrome (LS) according to different types of surgeries, we investigated the changes in the LS stage in patients who underwent surgery for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 168 patients with degenerative diseases [46 spinal deformities treated with thoracolumbar interbody fusion (T/LIF), 86 hips with osteoarthritis treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA), and 36 knees with osteoarthritis treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA)]. The results for the LS stage, stand-up test, two-step test, and 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively.

Results
Preoperatively, most patients had Stage-3 LS (89.1, 90.8, and 80.6% in the T/LIF, THA, and TKA groups, respectively). At 2 years postoperatively, the Stage-3 LS improved in 41.5, 75.6, and 55.2% of patients in the T/LIF, THA, and TKA groups, respectively. All groups showed similar improvements in the two-step test. The THA group showed the best result in the GLFS-25.

Conclusions
LS stage improved in different patterns over 2 years postoperatively and the LS risk test revealed differences in postoperative movement ability according to the type of surgery.
Trend in prescription and treatment retention of molecular-targeted drugs in 121,131 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based real-world study
Authors: Takabayashi Katsuhiko , Ando Fumihiko , Ikeda Kei , Fujita Shinsuke , Nakajima Hiroshi , Hanaoka Hideki , Suzuki Takahiro 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To describe the real-world prescription and treatment retention of molecular-targeted drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan.

Methods
A total of 204,416 patients with RA were prescribed at least one of the eight molecular-targeted drugs in 7 years from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan covering 98.3% of the Japanese population. The retention rates of each drug as well as head-to-head comparisons were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
A total of 121,131 RA patients were prescribed any molecular-targeted drug for the first time, while 36,633 uses of molecular-targeted drug were switched from another (switch use). The overall retention rates of molecular-targeted drugs at 12, 36, and 60 months were 0.64, 0.42, and 0.32 for the naïve use and 0.59, 0.40, and 0.31 for the switch use, respectively. Non-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitor molecular-targeted drugs, particularly tocilizumab and tofacitinib, had higher retention rates than TNF inhibitors for both naïve and switch uses regardless of the previous drug and showed higher retention rates in head-to-head comparisons between eight molecular-targeted drugs.

Conclusions
Our data reveal that the real-world drug retention is overall lower than previously reported and higher with non-TNF inhibitors than with TNF inhibitors.
CCPE: cell cycle pseudotime estimation for single cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Yang Mengyuan , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPseudotime analysis from scRNA-seq data enables to characterize the continuous progression of various biological processes, such as the cell cycle. Cell cycle plays an important role in cell fate decisions and differentiation and is often regarded as a confounder in scRNA-seq data analysis when analyzing the role of other factors. Therefore, accurate prediction of cell cycle pseudotime and identification of cell cycle stages are important steps for characterizing the development-related biological processes. Here, we develop CCPE, a novel cell cycle pseudotime estimation method to characterize cell cycle timing and identify cell cycle phases from scRNA-seq data. CCPE uses a discriminative helix to characterize the circular process of the cell cycle and estimates each cell's pseudotime along the cell cycle. We evaluated the performance of CCPE based on a variety of simulated and real scRNA-seq datasets. Our results indicate that CCPE is an effective method for cell cycle estimation and competitive in various applications compared with other existing methods. CCPE successfully identified cell cycle marker genes and is robust to dropout events in scRNA-seq data. Accurate prediction of the cell cycle using CCPE can also effectively facilitate the removal of cell cycle effects across cell types or conditions.
The Evolution of Competition: A Darwinian Perspective
Authors: Winegard Ben , Geary David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Human competition is, at least partially, responsible for some of the transcended achievements of the species (walking on the moon, the polio vaccine, etc.), but the forces unleashed by competition have also led to profound human suffering (warfare, domination of one group by another group, etc.). In this article, the authors approach competition from an evolutionary perspective, applying Darwin’s theories of natural and sexual selection to understand better the nature of human competition. From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, humans engage in competition to gain resources, including status, food, and mating opportunities. Males tend to engage in more overt and aggressive forms of competition than females, but both sexes desire access to material and cultural goods associated with reproductive fitness. In the last roughly seventy years, the nature of men’s competition has transformed dramatically leading to declines in both within and between-group violence. As developed societies have succeeded in suppressing more overt and destructive forms of male–male competition, men attempt to gain status through occupational success, cognitive sophistication, moral signaling, and other relatively nonviolent behaviors. In this sense, men’s and women’s competition is more similar than it was a century ago. However, women’s competition is still less visible and relies on more indirect mechanisms (e.g., spreading gossip, subtle use of body language). For this reason, female–female competition has attracted less study than male–male competition. Fortunately, in the last decade, psychologists have partially redressed this imbalance.
Spectra as Theoretical and Practical Models in Gérard Grisey’s Creative Process
Authors: Féron François-Xavier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Combining sketch studies, musical analysis, and acoustic analysis, this article examines the impact of spectral models on Grisey’s creative process in the 1970s. First, it focuses on Grisey’s establishment of initial theoretical models in Dérives and Périodes, composed during his residence at the Villa Medici (1972–74), during which period he conducted his own study of acoustics. The article then looks at how, back in Paris, the composer started studying with the acoustician Émile Leipp and then worked with Michèle Castellengo, with whom in 1977 he undertook for the first time the spectral analysis of instrumental sounds. Finally the article examines in detail how some spectrograms, once transcribed, were used in Modulations (1976–77) to construct a complex spectral polyphony. If Grisey draws his inspiration from sound phenomena and the characteristics of auditory perception, he does not for all that neglect structuralism: spectral models serve both to simulate natural phenomena and to formalise his compositional processes.
Jeremiah and Prophetic Authority
Authors: de Jong Matthijs J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The book of Jeremiah provides a fitting opportunity for dealing with the issue of prophetic authority. While many scholars are inclined to focus on the ways in which the book of Jeremiah construes prophetic authority, to lay bare the patterns that turn Jeremiah into the authoritative mouthpiece of YHWH, in stark opposition of those who speak falsehood, the author’s query in this chapter is different. The author’s key interest is in prophetic authority as a sociohistorical phenomenon. What did the interaction of prophets and their public look like in late monarchic Judah? And how was authority bestowed on a prophet?
The Neo-Futurists
Authors: Korchagin Kirill 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Interest in the Russian Futurist poetry of the first two-and-a-half decades of the twentieth century was revived in Soviet literary circles in the mid-1950s. Initially focused on the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky, interest spread to other writers. At the turn of the fifties and sixties, this revival resulted in regular “unsanctioned” poetry readings at the Mayakovsky monument in Moscow, which were eventually banned by the authorities. Against this backdrop, several young poets tried to build on the creative strategies of the Futurists. Gennady Aigi, who debuted as a Chuvash-language poet, was the first of these poets to arrive on the literary scene. Vladimir Kazakov and Vadim Kozovoy, poets who came onto the literary scene in the sixties, consciously established their styles at the intersection of the Russian and international avant-gardes, trying to overcome the isolationism of Soviet poetry. In the seventies, poems by their elder contemporary, Elizaveta Mnatsakanova, claiming to complete the project of a revived Futurism, were published abroad. All four poets borrowed numerous formal features of their work from Russian Futurism and sought to see themselves as its successors, while setting aside the avant-garde’s socio-political agenda and its desire for a radical transformation of culture and society.
LGBTQ+ Communities and Digital Media
Authors: Robards Brady , Byron Paul , D’Souza Sab 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Digital media offer spaces to many lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people (LGBTQ+) for connection, support, and friendship and hosts vital resources for learning and practicing diverse genders and sexualities. In this chapter, the authors review key research on LGBTQ+ communities and identities in digital spaces over several decades, dividing the chapter into three main sections: (1) community and connection, (2) romance and dating, and (3) identity work. In the first section on community and connection, they examine research centered on how LGBTQ+ people use digital media to forge connections and build “communities.” While this term is contested in the literature, many LGBTQ+ people use it to describe their experiences of digital networks. Second, they outline the growing body of research on how LGBTQ+ people use digital media in their romantic and sexual lives, from dating/hook-up apps to social media. They consider the challenges, pleasures, and opportunities in how LGBTQ+ people use digital media for sex and dating practices and potential. Third, they reflect on how these connections have figured into ongoing research on LGBTQ+ identities, where digital media allow LGBTQ+ people to develop shared languages to describe their experiences, to reflect on their lives, and to rehearse modes of self-representation.
Formal Models of International Political Economy
Authors: Johns Leslie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines how scholars use formal models to study International Political Economy (IPE). This small, but important, body of research revolves around three substantive research questions. First, scholars have asked: how do states promote international trade by reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers? Second, they ask: how do states encourage foreign investment by making binding pledges to protect foreign investors? Finally, scholars have studied: how do states stabilize and grow their economies? For each of these topics, the chapter looks back at past findings from formal models. It then discusses how IPE scholars can profitably move forward in their future research on these important topics.
Émilie Du Châtelet on Newtonianism and Hypotheses in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Detlefsen Karen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Émilie Du Châtelet produced one of the first fully articulated accounts of the role of hypothesis in science, problematizing the debate in mid-eighteenth-century France over the roles of hypotheses, experimentation, and speculation in scientific methodology. This chapter examines her original views on the general topic of hypotheses by examining her extended attack throughout her Institutions de physique against the specific hypothesis regarding the cause of gravity held by Newtonians John Keill (1671–1721) and John Freind (1675–1728). In light of Du Châtelet’s criticism of the Keill-Freind hypothesis, we can interpret her as a clarifier of Newton (as per recent interpretations) who believes that hypothesizing about the cause of gravity, for example, can aid in that clarification, but who also believes in strict constraints placed upon the role of hypotheses in science.
Negative Interplay between Cabinet and Opposition Agendas: Evidence from Croatia
Authors: Poljak Željko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite the contemporary notion that government and opposition parties’ agendas in the long run positively influence each other, there are reasons to argue that different dynamics are at play as well. More specifically, previous studies neglected to address the short-term, transient interplay between parties’ agendas (within a year) while dominantly focussing on what governing parties talk about (and not on what they actually decide). Therefore, this article focuses on this short-term dynamic by hypothesising that governing parties (in cabinet meetings) and opposing parties (in parliamentary questions) feature issues that are undisclosed by the other side in the recent past, and as such create a negative issue attention influence. In other words, if the government places a certain issue high on its cabinet agenda, it will cause the opposition to avoid that issue in their parliamentary questions in the following months and vice versa. By analysing issue-coded data from the government’s cabinet meetings and opposition questions in Croatia (1992–2017) across multiple issues, I can provide evidence that supports these hypotheses. As such, this study contributes to the current knowledge on the relationship between government and opposition issue attention by offering another take on their interaction from a negative influence perspective.
Alternative oxidase (AOX) 1a and 1d limit proline-induced oxidative stress and aid salinity recovery in Arabidopsis
Authors: Oh Glenda Guek Khim , O’Leary Brendan M , Signorelli Santiago , Millar A Harvey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProline (Pro) catabolism and reactive oxygen species production have been linked in mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans, while increases in leaf respiration rate follow Pro exposure in plants. Here, we investigated how alternative oxidases (AOXs) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain accommodate the large, atypical flux resulting from Pro catabolism and limit oxidative stress during Pro breakdown in mature Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Following Pro treatment, AOX1a and AOX1d accumulate at transcript and protein levels, with AOX1d approaching the level of the typically dominant AOX1a isoform. We therefore sought to determine the function of both AOX isoforms under Pro respiring conditions. Oxygen consumption rate measurements in aox1a and aox1d leaves suggested these AOXs can functionally compensate for each other to establish enhanced AOX catalytic capacity in response to Pro. Generation of aox1a.aox1d lines showed complete loss of AOX proteins and activity upon Pro treatment, yet full respiratory induction in response to Pro remained possible via the cytochrome pathway. However, aox1a.aox1d leaves displayed symptoms of elevated oxidative stress and suffered increased oxidative damage during Pro metabolism compared to the wild-type (WT) or the single mutants. During recovery from salt stress, when relatively high rates of Pro catabolism occur naturally, photosynthetic rates in aox1a.aox1d recovered slower than in the WT or the single aox lines, showing that both AOX1a and AOX1d are beneficial for cellular metabolism during Pro drawdown following osmotic stress. This work provides physiological evidence of a beneficial role for AOX1a but also the less studied AOX1d isoform in allowing safe catabolism of alternative respiratory substrates like Pro.
Touched by loneliness—how loneliness impacts the response to observed human touch: a tDCS study
Authors: Saporta Nira , Peled-Avron Leehe , Scheele Dirk , Lieberz Jana , Hurlemann René , Shamay-Tsoory Simone G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lonely people often crave connectedness. However, they may also experience their environment as threatening, entering a self-preserving state that perpetuates loneliness. Research shows conflicting evidence about their response to positive social cues, and little is known about their experience of observed human touch. The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is part of an observation–execution network implicated in observed touch perception. Correlative studies also point to rIFG’s involvement in loneliness. We examined the causal effect of rIFG anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on high- and low-loneliness individuals observing human touch. In a cross-over design study, 40 participants watched pictures of humans or objects touching or not touching during anodal and sham stimulations. Participants indicated whether pictures contained humans or objects, and their reaction time was measured. Results show that the reaction time of low-loneliness individuals to observed human touch was significantly slower during anodal stimulation compared to high-loneliness individuals, possibly due to them being more emotionally distracted by it. Lonely individuals also reported less liking of touch. Our findings support the notion that lonely individuals are not drawn to positive social cues. This may help explain the perpetuation of loneliness, despite social opportunities that could be available to lonely people.
Urban-Rural Differences in Schizophrenia Risk: Multilevel Survival Analyses of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Indicators, Urbanicity and Population Density in a Danish National Cohort Study
Authors: Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Antonsen Sussie , Timmermann Allan , Pedersen Marianne Giørtz , Ejlskov Linda , Horsdal Henriette Thisted , Agerbo Esben , Webb Roger T , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Sigsgaard Torben , Sabel Clive E , Fan Chun Chieh , Thompson Wesley K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Urban-rural differences in schizophrenia risk have been widely evidenced across Western countries. However, explanation of these differences is lacking. We aimed to identify contextual risk factors for schizophrenia that explain urban-rural differences in schizophrenia risk.

Methods
Utilizing Danish population-based registers, we partitioned Denmark into 1885 geographic “neighborhoods” homogeneously sized in terms of population. Information on the entire Danish population from 1981 to 2016 was used to quantify a spectrum of neighborhood-level domains. We subsequently conducted multilevel survival analyses following persons born in Denmark from 1971 to 1982 for the development of schizophrenia allowing for clustering of people within neighborhoods. We used this method to tease apart the effects of individual, specific, and general contextual risk factors for schizophrenia.

Results
A significant general contextual effect in schizophrenia risk across neighborhoods was estimated (Medium Incidence Rate Ratio (MRR):1.41; 95% CI:1.35–1.48). Most of the specific contextual factors examined were associated with schizophrenia risk. For instance, neighborhood-level proportion of lone adult households (Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR):1.53; 95% CI:1.44–1.63) had largest risk estimate. Adjustment for all individual-level and specific contextual constructs reduced the IRR for urbanicity from 1.98 (95% CI:1.77–2.22) to 1.30 (95% CI:1.11–1.51).

Conclusions
In the largest prospective multilevel survival analyses of schizophrenia risk conducted to date, multiple neighborhood-level characteristics were associated with raised schizophrenia risk, with these contextual factors explaining most of the elevated risk linked with urbanicity. However, the unexplained heterogeneity that was evident in our multilevel models indicates that our understanding of the role of urbanicity in schizophrenia’s etiology remains incomplete.