bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an Ethics of Autism
Authors: Hens Kristien 
Published: June 2021

What does it mean to say that someone is autistic?
Dynamics of Autism is an exploration of this question and many more. In this thoughtful, wide-ranging book, Kristien Hens examines a number of perspectives on autism, including psychiatric, biological, and philosophical, to consider different ways of thinking about autism, as well as its meanings to those who experience it, those who diagnose it, and those who research it. Hens delves into the history of autism and its roots in the work of Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger to inform a contemporary ethical analysis of the models we use to understand autism today. She explores the various impacts of a diagnosis on autistic people and their families, the relevance of disability studies, the need to include autistic people fully in discussions about (and research on) autism, and the significance of epigenetics to future work on autism.
Hens weaves together a variety of perspectives that guide the reader in their own ethical reflections about autism. Rich, accessible, and multi-layered, this essential reading for for philosophers, educational scientists, and psychologists who are interested in philosophical-ethical questions related to autism, but it also has much to offer to teachers, allied health professionals, and autistic people themselves.
UAS Current Mapping: A Wave-Based Heading and Position Correction
Authors: Lund Björn , Carrasco Ruben , Dai Hanjing , Graber Hans C. , Guigand Cédric M. , Haus Brian K. , Horstmann Jochen , Lodise John A. , Novelli Guillaume , Özgökmen Tamay , Rebozo Michael A. , Ryan Edward H. , Streßer Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur unmanned aerial system (UAS) current mapping is based on optical video data of the sea surface. We use three-dimensional fast Fourier transform and least squares fitting to measure the surface waves’ phase velocities and the currents via the linear dispersion relationship. Our UAS is a low-cost off-the-shelf quadcopter with inaccurate camera position and attitude measurements, which may cause spurious currents as large as the signal. We present a novel wave-based UAS heading and position correction, improving the image rectification accuracy by a factor of ~3.5 and the current measurements’ temporal repeatability by factors of 1.8–4.8. This validation study maps the currents at high spatiotemporal resolution (5 m and 4 s) across the ~700-m-wide tidally dominated Bear Cut channel in Miami, Florida. The UAS currents are compared to flotsam tracks, obtained through automated UAS video object detection and tracking, drifter tracks, and acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements. The root-mean-square errors of the cross- and along-channel currents are better than 0.03 m s−1 for the flotsam comparison and better than 0.06 m s−1 for the drifter comparison; the latter revealed a 0.06 m s−1 along-wind bias due to wind- and wave-driven vertical current shear. UAS current mapping could be used to monitor river discharge, buoyant pollutants, or submesoscale fronts and eddies; the proposed wave-based heading and position correction enables its use in areas without ground control points.
Prediction of the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer by radiomic signature based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Li Lan , Yu Tao , Sun Jianqing , Jiang Shixi , Liu Daihong , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhang Jiuquan 
Published: June 2021

Background The number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) play a crucial role in the staging, prognosis and therapy of patients with breast cancer. Purpose To predict the number of metastatic ALNs in breast cancer via radiomics. Material and Methods We enrolled 197 patients with breast cancer who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). A total of 3386 radiomic features were extracted from the early- and delayed-phase subtraction images. To classify the number of metastatic ALNs, logistic regression was used to develop a radiomic signature and nomogram. Results The radiomic signature were constructed to distinguish the N0 group from the N+ (metastatic ALNs ≥ 1) group, which yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.82 and 0.81 in the training and test group, respectively. Based on the radiomic signature and BI-RADS category, a nomogram was further developed and showed excellent predictive performance with AUC values of 0.85 and 0.89 in the training and test groups, respectively. Another radiomic signature was constructed to distinguish the N1 (1–3 ALNs) group from the N2–3 (≥4 metastatic ALNs) group and showed encouraging performance with AUC values of 0.94 and 0.84 in training and test group, respectively. Conclusions We developed a nomogram and a radiomic signature that can be used to predict ALN metastasis and distinguish the N1 from the N2-3 group. Both nomogram and radiomic signature may be potential tools to assist clinicians in assessing ALN metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
Poor social support and loneliness in chronic headache: Prevalence and effect modifiers
Authors: Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Lau Cathrine Juel , Allesøe Karen , Andreasen Anne Helms , Jensen Rigmor Højland 
Published: June 2021

Objective To explore the prevalence of poor social support and loneliness among people with chronic headache, and how these might be effect modifiers in the relationships between chronic headache and stress, medication overuse, and self-rated health. Background Poor social support and loneliness are consistently linked to worse health outcomes. There are few epidemiologic studies on their effect on headache. Methods The Danish Capital Region Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey, was conducted in 2017. Participants were asked about headache, pain medication use, social support, loneliness, perceived stress, and self-rated health. Data were accessed from sociodemographic registers. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test for effect modification. Results The response rate was 52.6% (55,185 respondents) and was representative of the target population. People with chronic headache were more likely to report poor social support and loneliness compared to those without chronic headache ( p < 0.0001 for both). Odds ratios for the combination of chronic headache and poor social support were very high for stress (odds ratio 8.1), medication overuse (odds ratio 21.9), and poor self-rated health (odds ratio 10.2) compared to those without chronic headache and with good social support. Those who reported both chronic headache and loneliness had a very high odds ratio for stress (odds ratio 14.4), medication overuse (odds ratio 20.1), and poor self-rated health (odds ratio 15.9) compared to those without chronic headache and low loneliness score. When adjusted for sociodemographic factors, poor social support and loneliness were not significant effect modifiers in almost all these associations. Loneliness was a significant effect modifier in the association between chronic headache and medication overuse, but exerted greater effect among those who did not report they were lonely. Conclusion Poor social support and loneliness were prevalent among people with chronic headache. The combination of chronic headache and poor social support or loneliness showed higher odds ratios for stress, medication overuse, and poor self-rated health compared to those with good social support and low loneliness scores. The effect of loneliness in the relationship between chronic headache and medication overuse warrants further study.
Asystole in 2 Pediatric Patients During Dexmedetomidine Infusion
Authors: Lichtsinn Katrin , Sehgal Ila , Wilson Alexandra 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Bradycardia is a known side effect of dexmedetomidine. Reports of sinus pauses or asystole, however, are rare. We present 2 cases of pediatric patients who developed asystole on a dexmedetomidine infusion. Summary of Cases: An 8-week-old male with RSV bronchiolitis and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was started on dexmedetomidine for sedation at 0.2 mcg/kg/h with a maximum dose of 0.7mcg/kg/h. On Hospital day (HD) 4, on dexmedetomidine at 0.7 mcg/kg/h, he developed intermittent episodes of bradycardia with heart rates in the 60 s. Echocardiogram on HD 6 showed normal function. On HD 7, he began having periods of asystole lasting up to 6 seconds. Dexmedetomidine was discontinued, with the resolution of episodes of asystole after 6 hours. A 27-month-old male with a congenital left diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary hypertension who had been weaned off sildenafil 6 months earlier underwent re-repair of left diaphragmatic hernia. Postoperatively he remained intubated and paralyzed. Dexmedetomidine was started at 0.3 mcg/kg/h for sedation, with a maximum dose of 1.2 mcg/kg/h. An echocardiogram on HD 3 showed good function with mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension. That evening, with dexmedetomidine at 1.1 mcg/kg/h, he developed a 15 second period of asystole requiring CPR. Dexmedetomidine was discontinued, and he was started on a midazolam infusion with no further episodes. Discussion: Both cases occurred in patients without cardiac conduction defects or on negative chronotropic or sympatholytic medications that have been associated with dexmedetomidine-induced asystole. We hypothesize that both episodes of asystole were due to increased patient-related vagal tone exacerbated by dexmedetomidine.
Stock Market Reaction on Green-Bond Issue: Evidence from Indian Green-Bond Issuers
Authors: Verma Rakesh Kumar , Bansal Rohit 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: A green bond is a financial instrument issued by governments, financial institutions and corporations to fund green projects, such as those involving renewable energy, green buildings, low carbon transport, etc. This study analyses the effect of green-bond issue announcement on the issuer’s stock price movement. It shows the reaction of the stock price after the issue of green bonds. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data. Green-bond issue dates have been collected from newspaper articles from different online sources, such as Business Standard, The Economic Times, Moneycontrol, etc. The closing prices of stocks have been taken from the NSE (National Stock Exchange of India Limited) website. An event window of 21 days has been fixed for the study, including the 10 days before and after the issue date. Data analysis is carried out through the event study method using the R software. Calculation of abnormal returns is done using three models: mean-adjusted returns model, market-adjusted returns model and risk-adjusted returns model. Findings: The results show that the issue of green bonds has a significant positive effect on the stock price. Returns increase after the green-bond issue announcement. Although the announcement day shows a negative return for all the samples taken for the study, the 10-day cumulative abnormal return (CAR) is positive. Thus, green-bond issues lead to positive sentiments among investors. Research implications: This research article will help the government issue more green bonds so that the proceeds can be utilized for green projects. The government should motivate corporations and financial institutions to issue more green bonds to help the economy grow. In India, very few organizations have issued a green bond. It will be beneficial if these players issue green bonds, as it will increase the firms’ value and boost returns to the investors. Originality/value: The effect of green-bond issue on stock returns has been analysed in some studies in developed countries. This is the first study to examine the impact of green-bond issue on stock returns in the Indian context, to the best of our knowledge.
Improvement in Total and Face-to-Face Provider Time in a Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Team Clinic: An Interventional Study
Authors: Wood Alexis C. , de Mitchell C. Alejandra Garcia , Kaushik Ruchi 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Identify factors contributing to time a family spends in a Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Team Clinic (MDCT) and implement an intervention to reduce this time. Design: Interventional: a restructuring of clinics to serve those patients requiring fewer provider encounters separately. Setting: An American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-accredited MDCT in an academic children’s hospital. Patients/Participants: One hundred sixty-seven patients with craniofacial diagnoses. Interventions: Time data were tabulated over ∼2 years. Following 9 months of data collection, patients requiring fewer provider encounters were scheduled to a separate clinic serving children with craniosynostosis, and data were collected in the same fashion for another 14 months. Main Outcome Measures: Principal outcome measures included total visit time and proportion of the visit spent without a provider in the room before and after clinic restructuring. Results: The average time spent by family in a clinic session was 161.53 minutes, of which 64.3% was spent without a provider in the room. Prior to clinic restructuring, a greater number of provider encounters was inversely associated with percentage of time spent without a provider ( P < .001). Upon identifying this predictor, scheduling patients who needed fewer provider encounters to a Craniosynostosis Clinic session resulted in reduction in absolute and percentage of time spent without a provider ( P < .001). Conclusions: The number of provider encounters is a significant predictor of the proportion of a clinic visit spent without a provider. Clinic restructuring to remove patient visits that comprise fewer provider encounters resulted in a greater percentage of time spent with a provider in an MDCT.
Evaluation of external contamination on the vial surfaces of some hazardous drugs that commonly used in Chinese hospitals and comparison between environmental contamination generated during robotic compounding by IV: Dispensing robot vs. manual compounding in biological safety cabinet
Authors: ML Hao , T Wang , JQ Zhu , YJ Song , TJ Gong , LK Zou , J Liu , JF Yan 
Published: June 2021

Objectives The aims of the study were to evaluate the external contamination of hazardous drug vials used in Chinese hospitals and to compare environmental contamination generated by a robotic intelligent dispensing system (WEINAS) and a manual compounding procedure using a biological safety cabinet (BSC). Methods Cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and gemcitabine were selected as the representative hazardous drugs to monitor surface contamination of vials. In the comparative analysis of environmental contamination from manual and robotic compounding, wipe samples were taken from infusion bags, gloves, and the different locations of the BSC and the WEINAS robotic system. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with double mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed for sample analysis. Results (1) External contamination was measured on vials of all three hazardous drugs. The contamination detected on fluorouracil vials was the highest with an average amount up to 904.33 ng/vial, followed by cyclophosphamide (43.51 ng/vial), and gemcitabine (unprotected vials of 5.92 ng/vial, protected vials of 0.66 ng/vial); (2) overall, the environmental contamination induced by WEINAS robotic compounding was significantly reduced compared to that by manual compounding inside the BSC. Particularly, compared with manual compounding, the surface contamination on the infusion bags during robotic compounding was nearly nine times lower for cyclophosphamide (10.62 ng/cm2 vs 90.43 ng/cm2), two times lower for fluorouracil (3.47 vs 7.52 ng/cm2), and more than 23 times lower for gemcitabine (2.61 ng/cm2 vs 62.28 ng/cm2). Conclusions The external contamination occurred extensively on some hazardous drug vials that commonly used in Chinese hospitals. Comparison analysis for both compounding procedures revealed that robotic compounding can remarkably reduce environmental contamination.
Effectiveness of the Weighted Blanket With Psychiatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dickson Debra A. , Gantt Laura , Swanson Melvin 
Published: June 2021

Background: Restraint and seclusion continue to be used with patients demonstrating aggressive and violent behaviors while in the emergency department and as inpatients in behavioral health (BH) units. The use of sensory interventions such as the weighted blanket (WB) is garnering interest as alternatives to aid in managing anxiety, anger, and aggressive behaviors. Reports of the effectiveness of the WB have primarily been anecdotal, and results of research with children have been mixed. Only one study has been conducted with the WB with adults on an inpatient psychiatric unit. Aims: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the WB by determining whether it decreases anxiety and/or anger in adult emergency department patients with preexisting psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design with pre- and posttests for anxiety and anger. The intervention was a 15-pound WB. Participants ( N = 15) were in one of three groups, which included no weighted blanket (NWB), WB for 15 minutes, or WB for 30 minutes. Results: All three groups showed a decrease in anxiety and anger scores. However, participants in the WB groups had a greater decrease in anxiety and anger posttest scores. Conclusions: The small sample size in this study did not allow for the determination of any differences between groups on anxiety or anger scores that could be viewed as a significant finding.
Exploring ADHD Symptoms and Associated Impairment across Development
Authors: Niina Ayako , Eyre Olga , Wootton Robyn , Stergiakouli Evie , Thapar Anita , Riglin Lucy 
Published: June 2021

Objective ADHD symptoms typically decline with age, but less is known about whether the presentation of specific ADHD symptoms differs across development. This study aimed to examine the frequency and associated impairment of specific ADHD symptoms in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Method A prospective, longitudinal cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, was utilized ( N = 2,327). ADHD symptoms and impairment were assessed using the Development and Well Being Assessment at ages 7, 15, and 25. Results Specific ADHD symptom frequencies and their associated impairment varied across development for the majority of symptoms, although easily distracted was one of the most commonly reported symptoms at each age, and difficulty sustaining attention was consistently associated with high levels of impairment. Conclusion These findings suggest differences in the presentations of ADHD symptoms across development: current understanding of how ADHD presents in childhood/adolescence may not be generalizable to young adulthood.
Ocular ischemic manifestations in fibromuscular dysplasia
Authors: Artaechevarria-Artieda June , Cabrejas-Martinez Laura , Azpitarte Sánchez-Muros Claudia , Oses Lara Marta , Quiroga-Caneiro Elena , Alonso-Peralta Miguel Angel , Saez-Pinel Rafael , García-Torres Araceli , Navas-Vinagre Inmaculada 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To report visual, clinical and radiological outcomes of three patients with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) that presented different ocular ischemic events, supported by different multimodal imaging. Methods: A retrospective study including patients who attended a tertiary referral hospital from July 2016 to June 2019 referring acute visual loss and later diagnosed of FMD. Ophthalmological examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography (FA), and macular and retinal nerve fiber layer spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Patients were admitted by the Neurology service, completing the study with blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test, serology and cultures, cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (angioMRI), and arteriography. Results: Three patients were included; one male and second females. All referred unilateral acute visual loss, with BCVA of counting fingers or hand-motion. Relative afferent pupilar defect was present in all patients. Two patients associated neurological focal signs and one had chronic hypertension. Fundoscopy revealed hemorrhages and exudates in all patients, and the typical sign of “string-of-beads” in one. FA showed dye filling delay and macular and peripheral hypofluorescence. SD-OCT revealed acute and chronic retinal ischemic signs. Blood and CSF tests, serologies and cultures resulted negative. All presented cerebral vascular involvement, objectified in the cerebral angioMRI or arteriography. Conclusions: FMD should be considered in cases with unilateral sudden visual loss associated to neurological focal deficits in young patients. The typical “string-of-beads” image is rare in small arteries such as the retinal vasculature. When suspected, a complete ophthalmological examination and cerebral vascular imaging is essential to confirm the diagnosis.
The Danish Health and Wellbeing Survey: Study design, response proportion and respondent characteristics
Authors: Rosendahl Jensen Heidi Amalie , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Møller Sanne Pagh , Dahl Nielsen Maj Britt , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Ekholm Ola 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study aimed to describe the study design and respondent characteristics (including non-response analyses) of the Danish Health and Wellbeing Surveys in 2015 and 2019 and a follow-up survey that was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Methods: The Danish Health and Wellbeing Survey is the Danish part of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS). The samples in 2015 ( N=12,000) and 2019 ( N=14,000) were both based on a simple random selection of individuals aged ⩾15 years from the Danish Civil Registration System. All individuals from the sample in 2019 who were still alive and living in Denmark were reinvited for a follow-up survey in 2020 ( N=13,474). Data in all surveys were collected via self-administered questionnaires (web or paper based). The questionnaires in 2015 and 2019 included the EHIS model questionnaire as well as national questions, whereas the questionnaire in 2020 mainly focused on physical and mental health, employment and working lives, and health behaviour. Results: The overall response proportion declined slightly between 2015 (48.4%) and 2019 (47.4%) but went up to 49.8% in the follow-up survey in 2020. Unit non-response was associated with, for example, male sex, younger age, being unmarried and lower educational level but not with degree of urbanisation. In all, 5000 individuals completed the questionnaire in both 2019 and 2020. Conclusions: The results are in line with most previous research on non-response in health surveys. However, an association between degree of urbanisation and non-response has been suggested in previous studies. This association was not found in our study.