bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly acquired complete right bundle branch block early after heart transplantation is associated with lower survival
Authors: Rahm Ann‐Kathrin , Helmschrott Matthias , Darche Fabrice F. , Thomas Dierk , Bruckner Tom , Ehlermann Philipp , Kreusser Michael M. , Warnecke Gregor , Frey Norbert , Rivinius Rasmus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsRight bundle branch block (RBBB) after heart transplantation (HTX) is a common finding, but its impact on post‐transplant survival remains uncertain. This study investigated the post‐transplant outcomes of patients with complete RBBB (cRBBB) ≤ 30 days after HTX.MethodsThis registry study analysed 639 patients receiving HTX at Heidelberg Heart Center between 1989 and 2019. Patients were stratified by diagnosis of cRBBB ≤ 30 days after HTX. Analysis included recipient and donor data, medication, echocardiographic features, graft rejections, atrial fibrillation, heart rates, permanent pacemaker implantation and mortality after HTX including causes of death.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐nine patients showed cRBBB ≤ 30 days after HTX (21.8%), 20 patients with pre‐existing cRBBB in the donor heart (3.2%) and 119 patients with newly acquired cRBBB (18.6%). Patients with newly acquired cRBBB had a worse 1‐year post‐transplant survival (36.1%, P < 0.01) compared with patients with pre‐existing cRBBB (85.0%) or without cRBBB (86.4%), along with a higher percentage of death due to graft failure (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated cRBBB ≤ 30 days after HTX as significant risk factor for 1‐year mortality after HTX (HR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.68–2.87; P < 0.01). Secondary outcomes showed a higher rate of an enlarged right atrium (P = 0.01), enlarged right ventricle (P < 0.01), reduced right ventricular function (P < 0.01), 30‐day atrial fibrillation (P < 0.01) and 1‐year permanent pacemaker implantation (P = 0.02) in patients with cRBBB after HTX.ConclusionsNewly acquired cRBBB early after HTX is associated with increased post‐transplant mortality.
CAR T cells: Building on the CD19 paradigm
Authors: Globerson Levin Anat , Rivière Isabelle , Eshhar Zelig , Sadelain Michel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpearheaded by the therapeutic use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19, synthetic immunology has entered the clinical arena. CARs are recombinant receptors for antigen that engage cell surface molecules through the variable region of an antibody and signal through arrayed T‐cell activating and costimulatory domains. CARs allow redirection of T‐cell cytotoxicity against any antigen of choice, independent of MHC expression. Patient T cells engineered to express CARs specific for CD19 have yielded remarkable outcomes in subjects with relapsed/refractory B‐ cell malignancies, setting off unprecedented interest in T‐cell engineering and cell‐based cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we present the challenges to extend the use of CAR T cells to solid tumors and other pathologies. We further highlight progress in CAR design, cell manufacturing, and genome editing, which in aggregate hold the promise of generating safer and more effective genetically instructed immunity. Novel engineered cell types, including innate T‐cell types, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived immune cells, are on the horizon, as are applications of CAR T cells to treat autoimmunity, severe infections, and senescence‐associated pathologies.
Nitrogen‐doped TiO2 Nanocrystals for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Lu Xin , Xu Jia , Wang Yulin , Xue Yadong , Li Juan , Hu Xiaoya , Yang Zhanjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐doped TiO2 nanocrystals (N−TiO2 NCs) were simply synthesized and then functionalized with streptavidin for highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of tumor marker. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, static water contact angle, and cyclic voltametric measurement were adapted to examine the properties of N−TiO2 NCs and resultant immunosensor. The functionalized N−TiO2 NCs sensing platform shows high electrochemical conductivity, large surface area and excellent hydrophilicity. The features make them to produce high current response, capture more antibody molecules, and maintain the bioactivity of immobilized antibodies. By means of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as model tumor marker, a wide linear range of 0.005–3 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.005 ng/mL (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3) were achieved by the proposed CEA immunosensor. Furthermore, the resultant CEA immunosensor displays high specificity and was employed to determine CEA in clinical serum samples.
Electrophoretic mobility and stability of SiO2 nanoparticles in the solutions of AOT in n‐hexadecane‐chloroform mixtures
Authors: Shaparenko Nikita O. , Demidova Marina G. , Bulavchenko Alexander I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrophoretic mobility of SiO2 nanoparticles in a n‐hexadecane‐chloroform mixture depending on AOT concentration and chloroform content was determined. It was shown that an increase in chloroform content and a decrease in AOT concentration cause a growth in electrophoretic mobility. The use of the values of Debye lengths (characteristic thickness) of the diffuse part of the electric double layer (EDL) that were determined previously allowed us to calculate the electrokinetic potential and to evaluate the stability of organosols. The obtained data were in good correlation with the dynamics of temporal changes of hydrodynamic radius and the intensity of light scattering. Organosols may be used for heteroaggregation (sorption) of Au and Ag nanoparticles on SiO2.
Interface engineering of metal nanomaterials enhance the electrocatalytic water splitting and fuel cell performance
Authors: Jiang Xue , Zhang Wen , Xu Guang‐Rui , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe conclude this review with a perspective of interface engineering strategy for enhancing the activity of metal catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting and direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). The organic ligands could modify the surface of metal nanostructures, and also could affect the electronic structure of metals. Due to the specific physical and chemical properties of organic ligands, the metal nanostructures exhibit super catalytic selectivity to some reaction precursors. This minireview focuses on evaluating the catalytic mechanisms for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), alcohol oxygen reaction (AOR), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which are the main reactions for water splitting and DAFCs, respectively, which are driven by interface engineering. This new strategy provides an approach for the design and synthesis of nanostructures modifying by organic ligands, providing a reasonable outlook of their extensive application in chemical energy conversion and storage, and selective fuel production.
Ephemeral landform development following rapid coastal uplift in the southern orogen of Taiwan
Authors: Giletycz Slawomir Jack , Lin Andrew Tien‐Shun , Yamada Katsura , Wang Liang‐Chi , Chien Chih‐Wei , Lou Jiann‐Yuh , Huang Neng‐Wei , Ting Che‐Yung , Shih Kuo‐Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNewly emerged landscapes above sea level are characterized by rapidly evolving geomorphic systems where the initial fluvial pattern adapts to a former submarine topography. Such an early formed fluvial system establishes drainage basins and unstable landforms that characterize high topographic asymmetry which are prone to fast removal or reorganization. Transitional landscapes might form depositional systems as lakes or ponds that subsequently are incised, captured and incorporated into drainage basins. In this study we focus on the recently emerged Hengchun Peninsula to survey its paleoenvironment evolution. Three drillings performed in the Gangkou basin with fieldwork revealed several indicators that reconstructed stages of the landscape reorganization. The major finding shows an ephemeral large lake in the central part of the Hengchun Peninsula that was drained to the Pacific c. 6000 bp. The lake belonged to an ephemeral lakeland that was created after the emergence of the peninsula. Currently, several areas as relict landforms indicate this stage of topography evolution that through high rates of incision and subsequent captures, transforms into drainage basins. Furthermore, two drillings show brackish waters at the present estuary of the Gangkou basin. These two different paleoenvironments today build one system – Gangkou catchment. Long‐term uplift rates show that a hanging wall of the Hengchun Fault plays a significant role in the creation of a lakeland by tilting the peninsula's surface. The tilt impacts on asymmetrical emergence of the peninsula and catchment development. Our study shows that a new geomorphic system might create depositional ephemeral landforms (lakes) that represent phases of early topography evolution after emergence above a sea level that are subjected to instantaneous rearrangement and evolves through large‐scale phases before it reaches a topographic steady‐state.
Antidepressants Modify Cryptic Behavior in Juvenile Cuttlefish at Environmentally Realistic Concentrations
Authors: Chabenat Apolline , Knigge Thomas , Bellanger Cécile 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Contamination of the marine environment by antidepressants may affect neurophysiological processes in nontarget organisms, such as the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. The present study tested whether environmentally realistic concentrations of antidepressants, that is, fluoxetine alone (5 ng L–1) or cumulated with venlafaxine (2.5 or 5 ng L–1), affect camouflage in newly hatched cuttlefish. The results show that antidepressants improved uniform body patterns, whereas disruptive body patterns were not affected. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2571–2577. © 2021 SETAC
Assessment of the Vulnerability to Pesticide Exposures Across Bee Species
Authors: Schmolke Amelie , Galic Nika , Feken Max , Thompson Helen , Sgolastra Fabio , Pitts-Singer Theresa , Elston Charlotte , Pamminger Tobias , Hinarejos Silvia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In many countries, the western honey bee is used as surrogate in pesticide risk assessments for bees. However, uncertainty remains in the estimation of pesticide risk to non-Apis bees because their potential routes of exposure to pesticides, life histories, and ecologies differ from those of honey bees. We applied the vulnerability concept in pesticide risk assessment to 10 bee species including the honey bee, 2 bumble bee species, and 7 solitary bee species with different nesting strategies. Trait-based vulnerability considers the evaluation of a species at the level of both the organism (exposure and effect) and the population (recovery), which goes beyond the sensitivity of individuals to a toxicant assessed in standard laboratory toxicity studies by including effects on populations in the field. Based on expert judgment, each trait was classified by its relationship to the vulnerability to pesticide exposure, effects (intrinsic sensitivity), and population recovery. The results suggested that the non-Apis bees included in our approach are potentially more vulnerable to pesticides than the honey bee due to traits governing exposure and population recovery potential. Our analysis highlights many uncertainties related to the interaction between bee ecology and the potential exposures and population-level effects of pesticides, emphasizing the need for more research to identify suitable surrogate species for higher tier bee risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2640–2651. © 2021 SETAC
The Natural Regulation and Relevance of Wild and Hatchery Coho Salmon Production in the Strait of Georgia
Authors: Beamish Richard , Neville Chrys 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The commercial and recreational fishery for Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in the Strait of Georgia in the 1970s and 1980s that annually averaged 733,800 individuals declined in the 1990s and was closed in 1998. We observed that above a threshold, ocean carrying capacity is regulating production and not the number of juvenile Coho Salmon entering the Strait of Georgia. We show that a 52% reduction in releases of Coho Salmon from Canadian hatcheries from 2010–2018 did not change the average abundance of hatchery fish surviving through to September of their first ocean year. Our explanation that above a threshold number of smolts, ocean carrying capacity is regulating production rather than escapements is relevant to rebuilding efforts and the use of hatcheries. The results add to the accumulating evidence that production of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is closely related to the capacity for rapid growth in the first months in coastal ecosystems.
Projecting the effect of easing societal restrictions on non‐COVID‐19 emergency demand in the UK: Statistical inference using public mobility data
Authors: Powell Anna L. , Wood Richard M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile it is well established that societal restrictions have been effective in reducing COVID‐19 emergency demand, evidence also suggests an impact upon emergency demand not directly related to COVID‐19 infection. Hospital planning may benefit from a greater understanding of this association and the ability to reliably forecast future levels of non‐COVID‐19 demand. Activity data for Accident and Emergency (A&E) attendances and emergency admissions were sourced for all hospitals within the Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire healthcare system. These were regressed upon publicly available mobility data obtained from Google’s Community Mobility Reports for the local area. Seasonal trends were controlled for using time series decomposition. The models were used to predict non‐COVID‐19 emergency demand under the UK Government’s plan to sequentially lift all restrictions by 21 June 2021, in addition to three alternative hypothetical relaxation strategies. Rates of public mobility within the local area were shown to account for 77% and 65% of the variance in non‐COVID‐19 related A&E attendances and emergency admissions respectively. Modelling supports an increase in emergency demand in line with the level and timing of societal restrictions, with significant increases to be expected upon the ending of all legal limits. This study finds that non‐COVID‐19 emergency demand associates with the level of societal restrictions, with rates of public mobility representing a key determinant. Through predictive modelling, healthcare systems can improve their demand forecasting in effectively managing hospital capacity.
The dilemma of treating the infected versus the wounded: Gaza's healthcare system is choked
Authors: Aamir Alifiya , Awan Hashir Ali , Diwan Mufaddal Najmuddin , Kazmi Syeda Kanza , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Douba Zain , Ullah Irfan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGaza has been facing persistent disturbance since the last 14 years. Even before the pandemic, Gaza faced a dire healthcare consequence with prevalent instability, lack of adequate medical resources, and limited health‐related infrastructure. Gaza continued to struggle while responding to the pandemic as the other nearby countries. However, the challenges were compounded with the onset of the conflict that affected Gaza's infrastructure and displaced tens of thousands to make‐shift shelters. The testing capacity of Gaza is alarmingly low that makes any outbreak difficult to document. Additionally, all medical centres have been affected by the ongoing conflict. These centres, if not directly impacted, are severely overwhelmed with those injured during the conflict, shifting focus and resources away from coronavirus. Vaccinations in Gaza cover only 1.9% of the population and a great number of unvaccinated people now may act as vectors of transmission in overcrowded shelters. Furthermore, non‐availability of clean water to maintain hygienic conditions has heightened the risk of an explosive surge in cases. Hence, beyond the ceasefire, further steps need to be taken to strengthen Gazan response to COVID‐19 pandemic.
Prevalence and persistent use of analgesic drugs in older adults receiving domiciliary care at baseline—A longitudinal study
Authors: Tevik Kjerstin , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Aarøen Marte , Lornstad Marie Turmo , Bergh Sverre , Helvik Anne‐S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe the prevalence and persistence of analgesic drug use (opioids and antipyretics [ie, paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid]) in participants (≥70 years) with and without dementia receiving domiciliary care in the eastern part of Norway. In addition, to explore factors associated with persistent drug use and examine whether drug use has changed after admission to a nursing home.MethodsA longitudinal study with 1001 participants (mean [SD] age 83.4 [5.7] years) receiving domiciliary care. Medical information including analgesic drug use was collected at baseline (A1) between August 2008 and December 2010, follow‐up assessments after 18 (A2) and 36 months (A3). Analgesic drugs prescribed for regular use were recorded from the participants' medical records. The participants' cognitive and physical health was evaluated at all assessments. Level of care (domiciliary care or nursing home care) was recorded at A2 and A3. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the prevalence and persistence of analgesic drug use.ResultsThe prevalence of prescribed use of antipyretics and opioids was 13.6% and 9.2%, respectively. Participants with dementia had more frequent use of antipyretics in all assessments and opioids in the last assessment than participants without dementia. Persistent use of both antipyretics and opioids was high between two consecutive assessments, both for participants with and without dementia. Persistent use of analgesics was associated with poorer physical functioning, but not by level of care. Overall, there was no difference between those admitted to a nursing home and those receiving domiciliary care at follow‐up, with respect to change in analgesic drug use over time.ConclusionThe prevalence and persistent use of analgesics were high in older adults receiving domiciliary care at baseline and especially in participants with dementia. A holistic approach and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to effectively assess and treat pain in older adults.
Effects of social prescribing pilot project for the elderly in rural area of South Korea during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Ji Eon , Lee Yu Lim , Chung Min Ah , Yoon Hye Jin , Shin Dong Eun , Choi Jin Hee , Lee Sangheon , Kim Hae Kyung , Nam Eun Woo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults—classified as a high‐risk group—are highly likely to experience increased loneliness due to the implementation of various policies designed to prevent the spread of COVID‐19. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effects of a pilot social prescribing project for elderly people in rural area of South Korea during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsUsing the PRECEDE‐PROCEED model, the effectiveness of the pilot project was verified through pre‐ and post‐impact and outcome evaluation.ResultsAccording to the results of the impact evaluation, loneliness reduced significantly, while the social participation attitude score increased. Although the average score of self‐efficacy increased, it was not statistically significant. Moreover, it was found that self‐esteem increased significantly. In the outcome evaluation, depression reduced considerably.ConclusionTo conclude, the pilot social prescribing project was effective in reducing depression and loneliness for the elderly in rural areas of Korea. It was also confirmed that there is potential to develop a new health promotion project that can improve the self‐esteem of the elderly, and expand their social activities. Second, the pilot project was carried out in an integrated manner by utilizing resources in communities with good accessibility. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a new “Integrated community care model” to improve the mental health of the elderly in rural areas. Third, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the elderly tend to experience increasing feelings of depression, isolation, and loneliness due to “social distancing.” Therefore, it is expected that social prescribing programs for the elderly in rural areas would become a new alternative for relieve mental disorder of the seniors.
Exploration of radiative heat energy on the peristaltic blood flow of a nanofluid in conjunction with a heat source
Authors: Mohanty S. , Mohanty B. , Mishra S. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe peristaltic flow of a conducting nanofluid associated with the Buongiorno model observed within a wavy channel is proposed in this article. In a peristaltic flow, the process of pumping takes place from a lower pressure to a high‐pressure region. It is treated as a vehicle through which the liquid passes in a channel due to its dynamic rush and expands in its length. Therefore, an analysis is carried out for the interaction of thermal radiation and heat source on the peristaltic flow of nanofluid past a tapered channel. The crux of this investigation is the interaction of Hall current due to the conjunction of conducting medium. An analytical technique is used to get the solution of the transformed governing equations, and furthermore, the pressure gradient is also evaluated. The flow phenomena characterized by certain parameters are obtained and presented via graphs. An important observation is seen in that the contribution of magnetic field and Hall current may favor the pumping process and the pressure gradient lowering in the conducting medium is one of the important characteristics.
Influence of Hall and Joule heating on a magnetic nanofluid (Fe3O4) flow on a rotating disk with generalized slip condition
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Naveed Muhammad , Tabassum Rizwan , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes Hall current and Joule heating effects on the ferro‐nanofluid flow by the rotation of the disk incorporated with generalized slip condition. By using the well‐known Von Karman transformation, formulated flow equations are modeled into ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of the governing flow equations are attained by utilizing the shooting method consolidated with the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. The impacts of different parameters on skin friction coefficient, velocity, temperature, and Nusselt number are given in graphs and tables and investigated in detail. Furthermore, an association with formerly published articles is given and met in remarkable correspondence.