bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collision force suppression system for human‐friendly robot
Authors: Zhang Bin , Tanaka Naoto , Lim Hun‐Ok 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA collision force suppression system for a human friendly robot, which consists of two arms, a trunk, a waist, an omnidirectional mobile base, is proposed. In this paper, the proposed passive collision force suppression system is realized by the collision force suppression mechanisms and the reaction system. When the collision occurs between the robot and an object, the joints of the arm and the waist are disconnected by the collision force suppression mechanism depending on the magnitude of collision forces. The reaction system is based on the strength and existence time of the collision force, and the joints are disconnected by the order of arm and waist, and the finally the mobile base will move if the reactions are not enough to decrease the passive force. The effectiveness of the proposed system is proven by experiments.
In vitro genotoxicity of dibutyl phthalate on A549 lung cells at air–liquid interface in exposure concentrations relevant at workplaces
Authors: Binder Stephanie , Cao Xin , Bauer Stefanie , Rastak Narges , Kuhn Evelyn , Dragan George C. , Monsé Christian , Ferron George , Breuer Dietmar , Oeder Sebastian , Karg Erwin , Sklorz Martin , Di Bucchianico Sebastiano , Zimmermann Ralf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ubiquitous use of phthalates in various materials and the knowledge about their potential adverse effects is of great concern for human health. Several studies have uncovered their role in carcinogenic events and suggest various phthalate‐associated adverse health effects that include pulmonary diseases. However, only limited information on pulmonary toxicity is available considering inhalation of phthalates as the route of exposure. While in vitro studies are often based on submerged exposures, this study aimed to expose A549 alveolar epithelial cells at the air–liquid interface (ALI) to unravel the genotoxic and oxidative stress‐inducing potential of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) with concentrations relevant at occupational settings. Within this scope, a computer modeling approach calculating alveolar deposition of DBP particles in the human lung was used to define in vitro ALI exposure conditions comparable to potential occupational DBP exposures. The deposited mass of DBP ranged from 0.03 to 20 ng/cm2, which was comparable to results of a human lung particle deposition model using an 8 h workplace threshold limit value of 580 μg/m3 proposed by the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for the European Union. Comet and Micronucleus assay revealed that DBP induced genotoxicity at DNA and chromosome level in sub‐cytotoxic conditions. Since genomic instability was accompanied by increased generation of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde, oxidative stress might play an important role in phthalate‐induced genotoxicity. The results highlight the importance of adapting in vitro studies to exposure scenarios relevant at occupational settings and reconsidering occupational exposure limits for DBP.
Primary Ewing's sarcoma with orbit involvement: Survival and visual outcomes after eye‐sparing multidisciplinary management in eight patients
Authors: Koka Kirthi , Rahim Farrah E. , El‐Hadad Christian , Bell Diana , Debnam J. Matthew , Guo Yunxia , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and overall prognosis in eight patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma (ES) involving the orbit.MethodsA retrospective interventional study of all biopsy‐proven cases of primary ES involving the orbit was done.ResultsThere were seven males and one female with a median age of 14 years. Imaging showed osseous involvement in all eight cases with extraorbital extension in four. Complete tumor resection was done in four, partial resection in three, and biopsy followed by sinus surgery in one. EWSR1 gene rearrangement analysis was done to confirm diagnosis. All patients received multidrug systemic chemotherapy and seven patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Eye salvage was achieved in all patients. At a mean follow‐up duration of 52.63 months, seven patients were doing well with no evidence of disease.ConclusionsES involving the orbit is sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation. Aggressive multimodality treatment can help salvage the globe and improve overall survival.
An experimental study on the evolution law of roll wave parameters in overland flow
Authors: Fang Chenyu , Pan Xuncheng , Zhang Bo , Zhang Kuandi , Lv Xiangru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRoll waves commonly occur in overland flow and have an important influence on the progress of soil erosion on slopes. This study aimed to explore the evolution and mechanism of roll waves on steep slopes. The potential effects of flow rate, rainfall intensity and bed roughness on the laws controlling roll wave parameters were investigated. The flow rates, rainfall intensities and bed roughness varied from 5 to 30 L/min, 0 to 150 mm/h, and 0.061 to 1.700 mm, respectively. The results indicate that roll waves polymerize significantly along the propagation path, and bed roughness and rainfall affect the generation and evolution of roll waves. The wave velocity, length and height decreased with bed roughness, whereas the wave frequency increased with increasing bed roughness under fixed flow rate and rainfall intensity conditions. Rainfall increased the wave velocity and wavelength and decreased the wave frequency. The wave velocity, height and wavelength tended to increase with an increasing flow rate. Rainfall promoted the generation of roll waves, whereas bed roughness had the opposite effect. The generation of roll waves is closely related to the Froude number (Fr) and flow resistance. In this experiment, the range of the Reynolds number for the roll waves generated in the laminar region was 142–416, and the range of the flow resistance coefficient was 0.64–4.85. The critical value of the Fr for flow instability in the laminar region was approximately 0.57. Exploring the generation and evolution law of roll waves is necessary for understanding the processes and dynamic mechanisms of slope soil erosion.
Comparison of P25 and nanobelts on Kruppel‐like factor‐mediated nitric oxide pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Gu Manyu , Wang Shuyi , Cao Wandi , Yan Dejian , Cao Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, we reported that titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials activated endothelial cells via Kruppel‐like factor (KLF)‐mediated nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction, but the roles of physical properties of materials are not clear. In this study, we prepared nanobelts from P25 particles and compared their adverse effects to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TiO2 nanobelts had belt‐like morphology but comparable surface areas as P25 particles. When applied to HUVECs, P25 particles or nanobelts did not induce cytotoxicity, although nanobelts were much more effective to increase intracellular Ti element concentrations compared the same amounts of P25 particles. Only nanobelts significantly induced THP‐1 adhesion onto HUVECs. Consistently, nanobelts were more significant to induce the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM1) and the release of soluble ICAM‐1 (sICAM‐1), indicating that nanobelts were more potent to induce endothelial activation in vitro. As the mechanisms for endothelial activation, both P25 and nanobelts reduced the generation of intracellular NO as well as the expression of NO regulators KLF2 and KLF4. Combined, the results from this study indicated that the different morphologies of P25 particles and nanobelts only changed their internalization into HUVECs but showed minimal impact on KLF‐mediated NO signaling pathways.
Evaluation and validation of a novel 10‐color flow cytometer
Authors: Sun Lin , Wu Hui , Pan Baishen , Wang Beili , Guo Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry is a powerful technique that provides information regarding cell properties. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of a new flow cytometer, the 10‐color BD FACSLyricTM, which could help doctors obtain reliable test results prior to clinical research.MethodsWe used SpheroTM Rainbow Calibration Particles and the SpheroTM Nano Fluorescent Particle Size Standard Kit to validate the fluorescence sensitivity and linearity. The Beckman Coulter IMMUNO‐TROL Cell was used as the quality control to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of surface markers detected by the flow cytometer. Furthermore, BD Calibrate APC Beads and CS&T Research Beads were applied to calculate the carry‐over contamination rate and assess the instrument stability.ResultsA linear regression equation between the molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome and fluorescence detection limit showed a good linear fit (R2 > 0.99). The minimum bead size detected by side scatter was 0.22 μm. The coefficient of variation percentage of each fluorescence channel was below 2%, and the carry‐over contamination rate of the cytometer was under 0.2%. After running the BD FACSLyricTM cytometer continuously for 8 h, the median fluorescence index of particles remained close to that at the time of cytometer startup.ConclusionsThe 10‐color BD FACSLyricTM cytometer showed good performance in the evaluation performed in this study and may be trusted to provide accurate results for clinical research.
Dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of precipitation events over India
Authors: Kumari Amita , Kumar Pankaj , Dubey Aditya Kumar , Mishra Alok Kumar , Saharwardi Md. Saquib 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines different precipitation events (PEs) for 1951–2015 using 0.25°×0.25° India Meteorological Department data and diagnoses their associated dynamical and thermodynamical processes during the summer monsoon season over India using ERA5 reanalysis. Our results reveal a significant decreasing trend of mean precipitation, rain event days, light rain events and moderate rain events (MREs) for the overall period. However, the frequency of heavy rain events (HREs) and very heavy rain events (VhREs) has increased. Pettit's test for all PEs and mean precipitation indicates the changes nearly in the 1970s. In spite of this, the rate of change of LREs, MREs and HREs was increased by 17, 91 and 114% after the observed change point with respect to before change point, while for VhREs, this was reduced by 50%. These decreasing (increasing) trends of LREs (VhREs) are attributed to both thermodynamical and dynamical conditions. LREs are driven mainly by convective precipitation having a contribution of ~79%, whereas large‐scale precipitation contributes ~56% to the VhREs. It is observed that the dynamical (thermodynamical) effect largely drives VhREs (LREs) PEs. During VhREs, stronger moisture‐laden low‐level jet (LLJ) from the surrounding ocean converges over the Indian land mass, facilitating favourable conditions for enhanced precipitation. Simultaneously, weaker convective available potential energy (CAPE) during the VhREs underlines inconstancy in thermodynamics. Stronger LLJ and weaker CAPE during the extremes and vice versa for LREs highlight the dominance of the dynamical (thermodynamical) effect during the VhREs (LREs).
Improving the nutritional value and digestibility of wheat straw, rice straw, and corn cob through solid state fermentation using different Pleurotus species
Authors: Sufyan Abubakar , Ahmad Nazir , Shahzad Faisal , Embaby Mohamed G , AbuGhazaleh Amer , Khan Nazir A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe growing food‐feed‐fuel competition, declining availability of traditional feeds, higher prices, and the urgent need to provide long‐term sustainability for animal production have all triggered global research into the optimum extraction of energy and nutrients from lignin‐rich plant biomass. Recent studies have shown that the Pleurotus species of white rot fungus can selectively degrade lignin in lignin‐rich plant biomass; however, its effectiveness in selectively degrading lignin depends on the type of substrate and species of fungus. This study was therefore designed to treat wheat straw, rice straw, and corn cob, with Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus, and P. florida for 30 days under solid‐state fermentation, to identify a promising fungus‐substrate combination for the selective degradation of lignin and optimal improvement in the nutritional value and digestibility of each substrate.RESULTSThe type of fungus strongly influenced (P < 0.01) selectivity in lignin degradation, and the level of improvement in crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro gas production (IVGP), in wheat straw, rice straw, and corn cob. Fungus‐substrate interaction data revealed that P. ostreatus caused maximum (P < 0.05) degradation of lignin, and greater (P < 0.05) improvement in CP, IVDMD, and IVGP in wheat straw and rice straw. The lowest (P < 0.05) degradation of lignin and improvement in CP, IVDMD, and IVGP was caused by P. eryngii in corn cob. Among the fungi, the maximum (P < 0.05) degradation of lignin, and greater (P < 0.05) improvement in CP, IVDMD, and IVGP were caused by P. florida as compared with those of P. ostreatus and P. eryngii.CONCLUSIONThe results highlight significant influence of fungus‐substrate combination for selective lignin degradability and the consequent improvement in the nutritional value of the substrates. Maximum selective lignin degradability and improvement in nutritional value and digestibility was caused by P. ostreatus in wheat straw and in rice straw, and by P. florida in corn cob. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of reversed austenite on the properties of a 13Cr4NiMo ultra‐low carbon martensitic stainless steel in different environments
Authors: Zhang Shenghua , Huang Yanning , Wang Yanli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the influence of reversed austenite on the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of 13Cr4NiMo martensitic stainless steel was investigated. The results reveal that the reversed austenite content in the sample increases with the increase of tempering times. The presence of an appropriate amount of reversed austenite not only improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel but also reduces the susceptibility to pitting corrosion.
A medicinal chemist who reshaped the antiviral drug industry: John Charles Martin (1951–2021)
Authors: Li Guangdi , De Clercq Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJohn Charles Martin should be remembered as a visionary medicinal chemist who was involved in the coinvention, development, or management of many FDA‐approved antiviral drugs such as ganciclovir, stavudine, didanosine, cidofovir, oseltamivir, adefovir dipivoxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, sofosbuvir, and remdesivir.
Acid Hydrolysis of Gluten Enhances the Skin Sensitizing Potential and Drives Diversification of IgE Reactivity to Unmodified Gluten Proteins
Authors: Ballegaard Anne‐Sofie Ravn , Castan Laure , Larsen Jeppe Madura , Piras Cristian , Villemin Clélia , Andersen Daniel , Madsen Charlotte Bernhard , Roncada Paola , Brix Susanne , Denery‐Papini Sandra , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Bouchaud Grégory , Bøgh Katrine Lindholm 
Published: October 2021

ScopePersonal care products containing hydrolyzed gluten have been linked to spontaneous sensitization through the skin, however the impact of the hydrolysate characteristics on the sensitizing capacity is generally unknown.Methods and ResultsThe physicochemical properties of five different wheat‐derived gluten products (one unmodified, one enzyme hydrolyzed, and three acid hydrolyzed) are investigated, and the skin sensitizing capacity is determined in allergy‐prone Brown Norway rats. Acid hydrolyzed gluten products exhibited the strongest intrinsic sensitizing capacity via the skin. All hydrolyzed gluten products induced cross‐reactivity to unmodified gluten in the absence of oral tolerance to wheat, but were unable to break tolerance in animals on a wheat‐containing diet. Still, the degree of deamidation in acid hydrolyzed products is associated with product‐specific sensitization in wheat tolerant rats. Sensitization to acid hydrolyzed gluten products is associated with a more diverse IgE reactivity profile to unmodified gluten proteins compared to sensitization induced by unmodified gluten or enzyme hydrolyzed gluten.ConclusionAcid hydrolysis enhances the skin sensitizing capacity of gluten and drives IgE reactivity to more gluten proteins. This property of acid hydrolyzed gluten may be related to the degree of product deamidation, and could be a strong trigger of wheat allergy in susceptible individuals.
Audience engagement when disseminating livestock information through infographics on social media
Authors: Lochner Hannah L. , Swenson Rebecca D. , Martinson Krishona L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInfographics utilize visuals to narrate complex information in a simple and concise manner and may represent an educational opportunity for Extension professionals. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of communication mode on audience engagement and reach through social media. We hypothesized infographic posts would elicit a greater number of reactions, comments, shares, and people reached compared to webpage link posts. Four informational webpages for five different livestock species (n = 20) were selected from the University of Minnesota (UMN) Extension website and were utilized to create corresponding infographics. Two infographic‐webpage pairs were systematically assigned to a month and posted to the associated UMN Extension livestock Facebook page (www.facebook.com). Posts occurred on the first and third Mondays of the month with a one‐week washout period between post types. Facebook metrics were recorded at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 168 h following posting. Results were compared using mixed‐effect negative binomial regression models and reported as estimated marginal means following back transformation. Overall, posts containing infographics tended to elicit more reactions, comments, shares, and reach compared to posts containing webpage links; however, significance varied among audiences. These findings support infographics as a valuable tool for Extension professionals to effectively disseminate science‐based, livestock information on social media.
Translanguaging as Norm: Rejecting Narrow and Restrictive Notions of Reading
Authors: Souto‐Manning Mariana , Martell Jessica , Pérez Aura Y. , Pión Patricia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we bring different fields into conversation as a way of expanding understandings about the teaching of reading, centering the communicative practices of multilingual children. Instead of seeking to remedy children whose communicative practices and norms do not align with “academic language,” we traverse fields to show how seemingly innocuous concepts and related undertakings may harm young multilingual children by sponsoring pathological paradigms that frame their ways of communicating as inferior and/or wrong. Challenging the monoglossic gaze that upholds and reifies monolingual ideologies, we consider how teachers might rethink longstanding albeit narrow, restrictive, and exclusionary conceptualizations of language and literacy, moving toward reconceptualizing languages and literacies plurally, expansively, and inclusively. After doing so, we discuss the power and possibility of translanguaging‐‐conceptually and empirically. We conclude by offering resources that can help foster, cultivate, and sustain translanguaging in classrooms and (pre)schools.
The People’s Algorithms: Social Credits and the Rise of China’s Big (Br)other
Authors: Lam Tong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAround the turn of the twentieth century, Chinese intellectuals and political leaders dreamed of a modern nation inhabited by politically aware citizens. For them, this involved the production and circulation of social facts enabling citizens to make sound judgements. This theory of making citizens continued in the socialist era (1949–1978). Yet, it has changed profoundly with the advance of state-guided neoliberalism. Instead of creating enlightened citizens, the new paradigm of governance aims at producing an ecology in which citizens are expected to align their desires and aspirations with the state-sanctioned social order. Focusing on China’s emerging social credit system, this essay illustrates how central planning and neoliberal belief have come together to construct a new social and economic order using numbers, algorithms and credit rating.
Accounting for Who We Are and Could Be: Inventing Taxonomies of the Self in an Age of Uncertainty
Authors: Vormbusch Uwe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelf-trackers are confronted with economic and cultural uncertainty as two fundamental traits of late-modern capitalism. Coping with uncertainty in this context means the calculative quest for discovering the representational forms by which the plurality of individual capabilities as well as the plurality of the cultural forms of living can be inscribed into common registers of worth. Drawing on Foucault as well as the Sociology of Critique, this paper emphasizes the moral and cognitive conflicts accompanying the emergence of self-quantification and points to the contradictions and ambivalences this involves: self-inspection as a form of enabling accounting and emancipation, on the one hand, versus an extension of instrumental rationality to hitherto incommensurable and incalculable entities, on the other.
A New Calculable Global World in the Making: Governing Through Transnational Certification Standards
Authors: Thévenot Laurent 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGoverning with quantification rests on preliminary processes of transforming the world to make it quantifiable through conventions of formatting and equivalence-making. This chapter investigates a new globalized mode of governing, operating, away from states, through voluntary certification standards. Considering the case of sustainable palm oil certification, it follows the most vulnerable “stakeholders”, from their daily life in remote rural areas to the governing public roundtables and private confidential negotiations. Fostering the dialogue between the extended convention theory framework and governmentality studies, the chapter shows that in a new kind of “standardizing liberalism” [libéralisme normalisateur], “governing by standards” shifts the political debate about power, legitimacy and the common good onto measurable certifiable characteristics of goods and services to be chosen by autonomous opting individuals.