bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Liquefaction Record of Past Earthquakes in the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
Authors: Tuttle Martitia P. , Dyer-Williams Kathleen , Carter Mark W. , Forman Steven L. , Tucker Kathleen , Fuentes Zamara , Velez Carlos , Bauer Laurel M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFollowing the 2011 moment magnitude, M 5.7 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake, we conducted a search for paleoliquefaction features and found 41 sand dikes, sand sills, and soft-sediment deformation features at 24 sites exposed in cutbanks along several rivers: (1) the South Anna River, where paleoliquefaction features were found in the epicentral area of the Mineral earthquake and farther downstream to the southeast; (2) the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers east of the Fall Line, where liquefiable sediments are more common than in the epicentral area; and (3) the James River and Rivanna River–Stigger Creek, where a few sand dikes were found in the 1990s. Liquefaction features are grouped into two age categories based on dating of host sediment in which they occur and weathering characteristics of the features. A younger generation of features that formed during the past 350 yr are small, few in number, and appear to be limited to the James and Pamunkey Rivers. Though there are large uncertainties in their locations and magnitudes, one or more preinstrumental earthquakes, including the 1758, 1774, and 1875 events, likely caused these features. An older generation of liquefaction features that formed between 350 and 2800 yr ago are larger, more numerous, and more broadly distributed than the younger generation of features. Several earthquakes could account for the regional distribution of paleoliquefaction features, including one event of M 6.25–6.5 near Holly Grove, or two events of M 6.0 near Mineral and M 6.25 near Ashland. Amplification of ground motions in Coastal Plain sediment might have contributed to liquefaction along the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers.
The Role Of The Pediatric Nurse In Discharge Planning; Identifying Gaps In Sri Lanka
Authors: Subasinghe Kalpana Jeewanthi , Pathiranage A.M. Shyama Deepanie 
Published: June 2021

Background: Pediatric discharge planning is a complex process, and that nurses need lengthy preparations. Role confusion among nurses will disrupt the smooth planning of the discharge. In Sri Lanka, although there is a possibility of reducing health costs through effective discharge planning led by pediatric nurses, it is questionable whether Sri Lankan nurses have clarified their role in this process.Method: This systematic review was conducted to map the different roles of nurses in the pediatric discharge planning process. Electronic databases of PubMed and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles among the pediatric population from 2005-2019, using the keywords such as discharge planning, pediatric nurse, care transitions, transitional care, and Sri Lankan nurse.Results: Articles that resulted in the word combination ‘Discharge planning and pediatric nursing (n=329) were used for screening. Two hundred and forty articles out of the nursing scope and sixty articles that do not describe an apparent nursing involvement in the discharge process were excluded, based on abstract review and full-text review, respectively. Sixteen studies were included in the final review. Few literature was found on the topic among Sri Lankan pediatric population. Four main categories of nurses’ roles were identified with the thematic analysis: discharge educator, discharge collaborator, post-discharge care coordinator, and family counselor. Conclusion: In Sri Lanka, no such defined roles of a nurse have been established yet in the discharge planning of pediatric patients. These roles may help nurses carry out discharge planning effectively, and future studies are needed on this topic in Sri Lanka.
Assessment of the Diagnostic Value of GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Ebrahimpour Anahita , Sharifi Guive , Hajian-Tilaki Karimollah , Haghighifashi Shirin , Qujeq Durdi 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims: An effective marker search in glioblastoma is precious in controlling and detecting the progression and monitoring of patients with glioblastoma. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein -2 (IGFBP-2), and chitinase-3-like protein -1 (YKL-40) tissue and plasma levels in patients with GBM.
Materials and Methods: A total of 22 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (the fourth grade of glioma) who had undergone surgery at the Erfan Hospital were included in the current study. The levels of GFAP, IGFBP-2 were evaluated in 22 tumor tissues, and non-timorous matched adjacent tissue samples of patients with glioblastoma using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Besides, 22 healthy subjects with no history of glioblastoma served as controls for plasma samples. All analyses were evaluated using the SPSS version 22.0.
Results: The tissue levels of GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 were significantly higher in patients with glioblastoma when compared to the healthy controls (p=0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in comparison to the healthy control group in the plasma samples.
Conclusions: Tissue levels of GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 may be potential biomarkers for predicting and the progression in patients with glioblastoma.
INTERTEMPORAL EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY CHANGING ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY (TI) IN ASEAN-5
Authors: Wulan Sari Dyah , Sulistyaningsih Lusi , Tarbiyah Islamiya Haura Azzahra , Restikasari Wenny 
Published: June 2021

The study aims to measure the technical and intertemporal efficiency and find the primary source of productivity change on top three telecommunication firms in each country of ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Singapore) from 2010 to 2016. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) bootstrapping with 2000 iterations, DEA window, and Malmquist index are applied to calculate technical efficiency, intertemporal efficiency, and productivity change. The estimation results elucidate that, on average, the technical efficiency of firms is relatively low. On the opposite, the intertemporal efficiency results indicate that the mean efficiency score of each window is high. However, the LDW and LDP tend to be high, showing that the efficiency scores fluctuate. The Malmquist index calculation yields that technological progress possesses a significant contribution to productivity change.Keywords: Technical Efficiency, Intertemporal Efficiency, Productivity Change, Telecommunication Industry, ASEAN-5 JEL Classifications: L8, F6, O5, O1, O3
Origin of Water in Mantle Eclogites from the V. Grib Kimberlite Pipe, NW Russia
Authors: Agasheva Elena V. , Kolesnichenko Maria V. , Malygina Elena V. , Agashev Alexey M. , Zedgenizov Dmitry A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The water content in the garnet and clinopyroxene in the mantle eclogites from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk Diamondiferous Province, NW Russia) was analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The results show that all clinopyroxene grains contained structural water at concentrations of 39 to 247 ppm, whereas two garnet samples contained detectable water at concentrations of 211 and 337 ppm. The low-MgO eclogites with oceanic gabbro precursors contained significantly higher water concentrations in the omphacites (70–247 ppm) and whole rock (35–224 ppm) compared to those with oceanic basalt protoliths (49–73 ppm and 20–36 ppm, respectively). The incorporation of water into the clinopyroxene may be associated with vacancies at the M2 site, Al in the tetrahedral position, and the elements that filled the M2 site (mostly Na and Ca). The highest water content in the omphacite was detected in a nonmetasomatised sample and was assumed to represent residual water that survived during subduction. Other eclogite samples showed signs of modal and/or cryptic metasomatism and contained less water in the omphacites compared to the nonmetasomatised sample. The water content was heterogeneous within the eclogite section of the sampled lithospheric mantle. The lack of distinct and uniform correlations between the indices of eclogite modification and their water content indicated that the saturation with water was disturbed during their residence within the lithospheric mantle.
Selfish Node Detection and Prevention Based on SDSR in Infrastructure-Less Networks
Authors: Chintam Anusha , Sra A. , Rao T.V. Madhusudhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wireless mesh network formed temporarily by using mobile hosts (nodes) without the help of any centralized and cooperate to dispatch the data packets through wireless links over the network. Due to this decentralization, each node act as both router as well as host for dispatching packets in the network. Because of a dynamic nature that is the mobility nature of the node in a network is vulnerable to various types of attacks. Some of the attacks are gray and black hole attacks. These attacks are advertised incorrect information regarding the shortest path to the sink node. This paper proposes a secure Dynamic Source Routing (SDSR) for providing a secure and safe route between the origin and sink nodes which identify and remove the gray and black hole nodes in the network. The proposed work is simulated by using the NS2 simulator tool and got the better performance for considered performance variables such as packet delivery ratio, throughput and node overhead. The simulation results give better performance compared to normal DSR and selfish DSR with increased packet delivery ratio and throughput and with decreased overhead of the network.
Shapiro-Wilk Test to Detect The Routing Attacks In MANET
Authors: Nabou Abdellah , Laanaoui My driss , Ouzzif Mohammed , houssaini Mohammed Alamine El 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the last recent years, the number of wireless devices has been growing and the security challenges increases too. Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) considers as a part of wireless network that connects mobile devices by using wireless channels without infrastructure. MANET use specific protocols to ensure the connectivity and exchange data between the source and destination. Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is a table-driven protocol that keep the route to all destination at any times, unfortunately it can be affected by many active routing attacks that reduce its performance by dropping the exchange packets or stopping the forward of data. In this paper we present a new approach to detect any active routing attacks by using the concept of Shapiro-Wilk test. Our method of detection is easy to implement and does not require any modification in the standard version of OLSR routing protocol as we will demonstrate by NS-3 simulations the detection of Black hole, Worm hole and Node isolation attacks that consider as most known attacks in MANET. A real experience is done by creating a small ad hoc network that connect six wireless devices by using OLSR protocol and finally we detect the presence of an active routing attack by applying our proposed method.
Automatic Indoor Scene Recognition Based on Mandatory and Desirable Objects and a Simple Coding Scheme
Authors: N Kathirvel , M.S Thanabal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a simple at the same time effective recognition system for indoor scenes is presented. The proposed system has two phases, namely, creation of mandatory and desirable objects and an indoor scene recognition system. In the first phase a list of probable objects and their classification, such as mandatory and desirable objects, for any generic scene is created based on real time indoor environment clubbed with human knowledge on standard datasets. In the second phase, the proposed system contains four stages. In the first stage, the proposed indoor scene recognition system identifies and recognizes the objects of the given key frame based on simplified version of CNN architecture of YOLO v3. In the second stage, the identified objects are divided into two sets of mandatory and desirable objects with a simple dictionary look-up. In the third stage, the objects are identified to belong to a probable scene and this technique is called scene-object identification. Simple algorithms have been proposed to effect the above three stages. In the final stage, a novel Binary Scene Representation (BSR) is proposed for each of the probable scenes and the final scene recognition is obtained with a new scene-number, obtained after converting the binary BSR into decimal number system. The effect of proposed indoor scene recognition system has been experimented with standard input datasets and measured in terms of standard measures, besides comparison with existing schemes. The results are encouraging.
Confocal Analysis of CNC based Hydrogels and Suspensions
Authors: Moud Aref Abbasi , Nezhad Amir Sanati , Hejazi Seyed Hossein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nano crystal (CNC) hydrogels, while mechanically weak, have unique properties such as easy synthesis, high water content, and biocompatibility. Further improvement is needed to make CNC hydrogels mechanically stable and self-healable. Herein, using quantitative fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, we assess stability, collapse, and level of self-healing of CNC hydrogels with different CNC and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. We use the mean signal intensity obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to measure signal loss of the samples made of CNC hydrogels of different CNC concentrations and as a function of initial gel height and NaCl loading. The CNC dynamics inside the gels based on universality curves is unraveled which links the zeta potentials to the immobile particle percentages and the storage moduli as a function of NaCl/CNC concentration ratio. FRAP recovery analysis shows that for the ratio of NaCl/CNC beyond 0.1, the mobility of the ensemble of CNC particles becomes severely restricted. Hydrogel samples with low CNC concentrations (6 g/L and 10 g/L) experience a more substantial collapse rate under gravity than the rate observed for samples with a high CNC concentration (30 g/L). Increasing the CNC concentration hinders particle mobility and thus impedes the self-healing process. Quantification of the gel collapse behavior of CNC gel and its self-healing property is critical in many applications, including water and air filters, oil spill sponges, and tissue engineering.
Automatic Segmentation of Clinical Target Volume and Organs-At-Risk for Breast Conservative Radiotherapy Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Zhikai , Liu Fangjie , Chen Wanqi , Tao Yinjie , Liu Xia , Zhang Fuquan , Shen Jing , Guan Hui , Zhen Hongnan , Wang Shaobin , Chen Qi , Chen Yu , Hou Xiaorong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective: Delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs) is very important for radiotherapy but is time-consuming and prone to inter- and intra-observer variation. We trained and evaluated a U-Net-based model to provide fast and consistent auto-segmentation for breast cancer radiotherapy. Methods: We collected 160 patients’ computed tomography (CT) scans with early-stage breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and were treated with radiotherapy in our center. CTV and OARs (contralateral breast, heart, lungs and spinal cord) were delineated manually by two experienced radiation oncologists. The data were used for model training and testing. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95th Hausdorff distance (95HD) were used to assess the performance of our model. CTV and OARs were randomly selected as ground truth (GT) masks, and artificial intelligence (AI) masks were generated by the proposed model. The contours were randomly distributed to two clinicians to compare CTV score differences. The consistency between two clinicians was tested. We also evaluated time cost for auto-delineation. Results: The mean DSC values of the proposed method were 0.94, 0.95, 0.94, 0.96, 0.96 and 0.93 for breast CTV, contralateral breast, heart, right lung, left lung and spinal cord, respectively. The mean 95HD values were 4.31 mm, 3.59 mm, 4.86 mm, 3.18 mm, 2.79 mm and 4.37 mm for the above structures respectively. The average CTV scores for AI and GT were 2.92 versus 2.89 when evaluated by oncologist A (P=.612), and 2.75 versus 2.83 by oncologist B (P=.213), with no statistically significant differences. The consistency between two clinicians was poor (Kappa=0.282). The times for auto-segmentation of CTV and OARs were 3.88 s and 6.15 s. Conclusions: Our proposed model can improve the speed and accuracy of delineation compared with U-Net, while it performed equally well with the segmentation generated by oncologists.
Hexagonal CoOOH Nanoflakes Synthesized From Three-Dimensional Cellulose Membrane Matrix With Enhanced Detection of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Xia Jian , Yang Mengru , Jiang Xiangyang , Shabbir Mohd , Luo Xiaogang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanoflakes/cellulose composite membranes (CCM) were fabricated by a simple one-step method and green route without further treatment. The CoOOH nanoflakes were synthesized in the high-purity cellulose membranes (CM) matrix that expected to enhance its detection performance of ascorbic acid in comparison to the traditional paper-based sensors that were made of commercially available filter paper. The structure and properties of CM and CCM were characterized by SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XRD and XPS, etc. The combination mechanism between nanoflakes and cellulose was well analyzed and discussed by various characterizations and experiments. When the CCM was immersed into the ascorbic acid (AA) solution, the color changing from colorless to blue was observed only in 2 min. Furthermore, the CCM can be used for AA determination in real samples.
Phase Transition and Anisotropic Transport of MoS 2 /Chlorophyll Van der waal Heterostructure Formed via Biomimetic Photo-electron Donation
Authors: Das D. , Manna J. Sarkar , Bhattaycharya T. K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In atomically-thin two-dimensional Vander-Waal-heterostructure [VDWHs], phase transition due to biomimetic photoelectron donationwith molecular ad-layer has never been explored. In this pursuit, systematic quantification of biomimetic-optical-creation of stable easy-solution-processed 1T MoS2 chlorophyll (CHL-a) VDWHs has been examined. The 1T phase transformation dynamics and stabilization phenomenon have been quantified by optical anisotropy and Time-correlated-single-photon-counting. The material shows Luttinger transport phenomenon in the two-port device and supports MoS2 interfaces can be fine-tuned with the molecular ad-layer as a result of strong anisotropic finite range correlation. This is validated by Density-Function-Theory. The negative differential resistance in Luttinger transport arises from conformational heterogeneity of CHL-a related to the scaling of Van der waal distances, which regulates coupling strength with temperature as supported by Molecular-Dynamics simulation. The photo-induced evolution of novel “anisotropic heterojunction” can stimulate a plethora of function-designable 2D VDWHs creation.
Network Pharmacology Study of The Mechanism of Anti-Pneumonia Action Mechanism of Gentiana Rhodantha Franch
Authors: Luo Jun , Tang Xiusheng , Shu Guotao , Tang Dongxin , Yu Jia , Bao Jiangping , Guo Yanru , Chang Botao , Yang Danni , Zhao Linjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Serum dragon bile is a Chinese medicine used to treat pneumonia, but its mechanism of action is not clear. Meanwhile, due to the development of microarray and RNA‐sequencing technology, high-throughput sequencing analysis is being used increasingly, and it has been applied as an indispensable tool in many medical fields. Therefore, in this article, we want to employed the bioinformatics approach to explore the relevant pharmacological mechanism of dragon serum bile in the treatment of pneumonia through network pharmacology.Methods: In this paper, the active chemical composition and action target of serum dragon bile are obtained through the pharmacology database (TCMSP) of Chinese medicine system and the literature, and the data set of the intersection of active ingredient and disease target is established, and the protein interoperability network of serum gallbladder action target and pneumonia action target is analyzed by using protein interaction network (PPI). Using the Biological Information Annotation Database (DAVID) for gene ontology (GO) functional richness analysis and based on kyoto Gene and Genomics Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathogenic rich analysis, to predict the mechanism of the role of seroclon bile against pneumonia. Results: Through the network pharmacological prediction, it is shown that the main chemical components of serum dragon bile are quercetin, isoorientin, luteolin, Stigmasterol, vanillic acid, etc, all of which have anti-pneumonia effects. The anti-pneumonia effect of serum dragon bile is mainly regulated by pathways in cancer, Bradder cancer, TNF signaling pathway, Hepatitis B and Non-small cell lung cancer, among which the TNF signaling pathway is more associated with pneumonia. Conclusions: It is concluded from the network pharmacological prediction that serum dragon bile may play an anti-pneumonia role by promoting apoptosis, survival, immunity, etc. Its anti-pneumonia path is closely related to key targets IL6, FOS, CASP3 and AKT1. This study provides theoretical support for the follow-up study of the anti-pneumonia mechanism of serum gentian bile.
SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin g (IgG) Kinetics in Healthcare Workers and Their Close Contacts Reduced Risk of Re-infection: South-East Asian Region
Authors: Daga Mradul Kumar , Mawari Govind , Karra Vijay Kumar , Singh Meghachandra , Chand Siddharth , Aarthi J , V Raghu R , Jha Manish Kumar , Kunwar Amrapali , Mehra Sweety 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for global pandemic, and it has caused more than 2.3 million deaths. Persistence and stability of immunoglobulin G (IgG) response after recovery from COVID-19 infection is still uncertain. MethodsWe performed a longitudinal cohort study in healthcare workers (HCW) and their close contacts (Non-HCW) with known resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection and undiagnosed infection at Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi. Baseline IgG antibody titers was determined and the participants were followed over a period of six months. We also examined relationship between SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and new symptomatic infection in HCW and Non-HCW over time. Results176 (70.9%) healthcare workers and 72 (29.0%) non-healthcare workers were recruited from two cohorts. 82 subjects recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection and 166 undiagnosed for the infection having history of close contact with COVID-19 patients were followed up for a median of 227 days (interquartile range, 166 to 202) after a positive IgG antibody test. In the recovered subjects 70.7% (58) were seropositive for first anti-spike IgG assay at baseline, followed by 80.0%, 90.6% and 82.6% at three visits respectively. In undiagnosed subjects 37.3% (62) were seropositive at baseline, followed by 70.9%, 75.8% and 82.2% respectively. Also, 46.8% (29) were asymptomatic with no symptoms of COVID-19 and were seropositive at baseline. However, presence of IgG antibodies was associated with substantial reduced risk of re-infection over the follow up duration.ConclusionOur data showed that the antibodies levels measured increased over the first three months and decreased slightly after that and remained at a plateau and relatively stable for at least a period of six months.