bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of obesity with postacute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Aminian Ali , Bena James , Pantalone Kevin M. , Burguera Bartolome 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor for the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and mortality. However, it is not known whether patients with obesity are at a greater risk of developing postacute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC). In a median follow‐up time of 8 months and counting from 30 days following a positive viral test of 2839 patients who did not require intensive care unit admission and survived the acute phase of COVID‐19, 1230 (43%) patients required medical diagnostic tests, 1255 (44%) patients underwent hospital admission, and 29 (1%) patients died. Compared with patients with a normal body mass index (BMI), the risk of hospital admission was 28% and 30% higher in patients with moderate and severe obesity, respectively. The need for diagnostic tests to assess different medical problems, compared with patients with normal BMI, was 25% and 39% higher in patients with moderate and severe obesity, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that moderate and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) are associated with a greater risk of PASC.
In vivo hippocampal cornu ammonis 1–3 glutamatergic abnormalities are associated with temporal lobe epilepsy surgery outcomes
Authors: Lam Jack , DuBois Jonathan M. , Rowley Jared , Rousset Olivier G. , González‐Otárula Karina A. , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Massarweh Gassan , Hall Jeffery A. , Guiot Marie‐Christine , Zimmermann Maria , Minuzzi Luciano , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Kobayashi Eliane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious positron emission tomography (PET) studies using [11C]ABP688 show reduced metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) allosteric binding site availability in the epileptogenic hippocampus of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients. However, the link between mGluR5 abnormalities and postsurgical outcomes remains unclear. Here, we test whether reduced PET [11C]ABP688 binding in cornu ammonis (CA) sectors more vulnerable to glutamatergic excitotoxicity relates to surgical outcomes.MethodsWe obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and [11C]ABP688‐PET from 31 unilateral MTLE patients and 30 healthy controls. MRI hippocampal subfields were segmented using FreeSurfer. To respect the lower PET special resolution, MRI‐derived anatomical subfields were combined into CA1–3, CA4/dentate gyrus, and Subiculum. Partial volume corrected [11C]ABP688 nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values were averaged across each subfield, and Z‐scores were calculated. Subfield [11C]ABP688‐BPND was compared between seizure‐free and non‐seizure‐free patients. In addition, we also assessed subfield volumes and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in each clinical group.ResultsMTLE [11C]ABP688‐BPND was reduced in ipsilateral (epileptogenic) CA1–3 and CA4/dentate‐gyrus (p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .29–.51) compared to controls, with no difference in Subiculum. [11C]ABP688‐BPND and subfield volumes were compared between seizure‐free (Engel IA, n = 13) and non‐seizure‐free patients (Engel IC–III, n = 10). In ipsilateral CA1–3 only, [11C]ABP688‐BPND was lower in seizure‐free patients than in non‐seizure‐free patients (p = .012, 95% CI = 1.46–11.0) independently of volume. A subset analysis of 12 patients with [11C]ABP688‐PET+[18F]FDG‐PET showed no between‐group significant difference in [18F]FDG uptake, whereas CA1–3 [11C]ABP688‐BPND remained significantly lower in the seven of 12 seizure‐free patients (p = .03, 95% CI = −3.13 to −.21).SignificanceReduced mGluR5 allosteric site availability in hippocampal CA1–3, measured in vivo by [11C]ABP688‐PET, is associated with postsurgery seizure freedom independent of atrophy or hypometabolism. Information derived from hippocampal CA1–3 [11C]ABP688‐PET is a promising imaging biomarker potentially impactful in surgical decisions for MRI‐negative/PET‐negative MTLE patients.
The protective effect of α7‐nACh receptor and its interaction with 5‐HT1B/1D receptors in acute intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Gharishvandi Fatemeh , Shafaroodi Hamed , Mohammad Jafari Razieh , Abdollahi Alireza , Pasalar Parvin , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, great attention has been given to the nervous system modulating effects on the immune response in inflammation‐associated injuries, such as acute intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion (IR). Recently, we proved the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)1B/1D receptors in intestinal IR injury in rats. Also, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7‐nACh) receptor has anti‐inflammatory effects in different inflammation‐associated injuries. Starting from these premises, we aimed to examine the function of the α7‐nACh receptors and the functional interactions between the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of α7‐nACh and 5‐HT1B/1D receptors in acute intestinal IR injury. To confirm the expression and localization of α7‐nACh receptors on the ileum nerves, an immunofluorescence‐based method was applied. Then, intestinal IR injury was induced by 30‐min occlusion of superior mesenteric artery and reperfusion for 2 h in rats. Acute systemic administration of α7‐nACh receptor agonist PNU‐282987 and antagonist methyllycaconitine, and 5‐HT1B/1D receptors agonist (sumatriptan) and antagonist (GR127, 935) were used in the model of intestinal IR injury. Finally, biochemical and histological parameters were assessed. Α7‐nACh receptors were expressed by 9% on the ileum nerves. Likewise, activation of the α7‐nACh receptor showed anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects in intestinal IR injury but not as well as 5‐HT1B/1D receptors. Interestingly, 5‐HT1B/1D receptors via attenuation of glutamate (Glu) release indirectly activated the α7‐nACh receptor and its protective effects against inflammation and oxidative stress. The protective effect of the α7‐nACh receptor on intestinal IR injury was activated indirectly through the 5‐HT1B/1D receptors’ modulatory impact on Glu release.
Predicting the responses of subalpine forest landscape dynamics to climate change on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Junyan , Zou Heng‐Xing , Bachelot Benedicte , Dong Tingfa , Zhu Zhongfu , Liao Yuchen , Plenković‐Moraj Anđelka , Wu Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSubalpine vegetation across the Tibetan Plateau is globally one of the most sensitive to climate change. However, the potential landscape‐scale effects of climate change on subalpine forest dynamics remain largely unexplored. Here, we used a forest landscape model (LANDIS‐II) coupled with a forest ecosystem process model (PnET‐II) to simulate forest dynamics under future climate change in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in the eastern subalpine region of the Tibetan Plateau. We examined changes in the composition, distribution and aboveground biomass of cold temperate coniferous forests, temperate coniferous forests, deciduous broad‐leaved forests and redwood forest under four climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5 and the current climate) from 2016 to 2096. Our model predicts that by 2096, (i) cold temperate coniferous forests will expand and increase by 7.92%, 8.18%, 8.65% and 7.02% under current climate, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively; (ii) distribution of forests as a whole shows upward elevational range shift, especially under RCP8.5 scenario and (iii) total aboveground biomass slowly increases at first and then decreases to 12%–16% of current distribution under RCPs. These results show that climate change can be expected to significantly influence forest composition, distribution and aboveground biomass in the subalpine forests of eastern Tibetan Plateau. This study is the first to simulate forest dynamics at the landscape scale in subalpine areas of the Tibetan Plateau, which provides an important step in developing more effective strategies of forest management for expected climate change, not only in China but also around the world.
CONTEMPLATION AND EMPATHY: ON THE JOY OF NATURE (‘NATURGENUSS’) AND FEELING FOR NATURE (‘NATURGEFÜHL’) IN ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT'S APPROACH TO SCIENCE
Authors: Herrera Fuentes Adrián 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAlexander von Humboldt pursued a philosophy and practice of science that was contemplative and emotional. From this perspective, the study of nature started in observation and contemplation, and in the experience of feelings. This meant that Humboldt's scientific approach was not limited to the productive potential of science and technology, which was crucial to the expansion of capitalism and colonialism in the nineteenth century. The enjoyment of nature was both the origin and purpose of Humboldt's work. He emphasised the need to write about science and his travels in such a way that the feelings of the explorer towards nature (‘Naturgefühl’) were evoked, while at the same time awakening in his readership the joy of nature (‘Naturgenuss’) he experienced himself. This paper explores the contemplative and emotional aspects of Humboldt's philosophy of science and investigates the extent to which Humboldt's epistemology positioned itself in opposition to the productive and pragmatic aims of scientific understanding. Alexander von Humboldt verfolgte eine Wissenschaftspraxis und ‐philosophie, die als emotional und kontemplativ verstanden werden können. Daraus ging die Untersuchung der Natur anhand der Beobachtung und Betrachtung von Naturphänomenen hervor, wobei die Erfahrung von Emotionen eine zentrale Rolle spielte. Deshalb war Humboldts Konzept nicht nur auf das produktiv‐pragmatische Potenzial von Technologie und Wissenschaft begrenzt, welche die Expansion von Kapitalismus und Kolonialismus im 19. Jh. entscheidend beeinflussten. Vielmehr war für Humboldt der Naturgenuss sowohl Ursprung als auch Ziel seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Er betonte, dass wissenschaftliche und Reiseliteratur das eigene Naturgefühl der Wissenschaftler*innen wiedergeben sollen, um gleichzeitig einen Naturgenuss in der Leserschaft hervorzurufen. Dieser Artikel untersucht den kontemplativen und den emotionalen Aspekt in Humboldts Wissenschaftsphilosophie und diskutiert, inwiefern Humboldts Epistemologie sich gegenüber der produktiv‐pragmatischen Ziele der Wissenschaft positioniert.
Development of protease nanobiocatalysts and their application in hydrolysis of sunflower meal protein isolate
Authors: Katić Katarina , Banjanac Katarina , Simović Milica , Ćorović Marija , Milivojević Ana , Marinković Aleksandar , Bezbradica Dejan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this study, the suitability of fumed silica nanoparticles (FNS) and its derivatives (amino‐modified FNS (AFNS), cyanuric chloride‐activated AFNS (CCAFNS) and epoxy‐modified FNS (GFNS)), for covalent immobilisation of two commercial protease preparations Alcalase® and Flavourzyme® was investigated. The highest hydrolytic activities of immobilised preparations were 25 IU g−1 support (Alcalase‐GFNS) and 2.95 IU g−1 support (Flavourzyme‐CCAFNS). Furthermore, the immobilised preparations showed 43% and 20% of initial specific activities of commercial protease preparations, respectively. Flavourzyme‐CCAFNS also exhibited the highest exopeptidase activity of 22.83 L‐pNAU g−1 support. Finally, these two nanobiocatalysts were successfully applied for hydrolysis of sunflower meal protein isolate (SMPI), providing two times higher hydrolysis yields in comparison to free enzymes, justifying the applied immobilisation process. Namely, the highest hydrolysis yield (30%) was gained by the sequential hydrolysis with Alcalase‐GFNS and Flavourzyme‐CCAFNS, which resulted in the formation of small hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides, ≤5 kDa, confirmed by HPLC analysis and electrophoretic separation.
Can explanations improve applicant reactions towards gamified assessment methods?
Authors: Georgiou Konstantina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGamification is increasingly being used by organizations in hiring decisions. However, the use of gamification in assessment has advanced quicker than corresponding research. One area in need of research is how applicants' perceptions of fairness are formed when gamified assessments are used in employee selection. Therefore, two studies were conducted to explore the impact of using gamified assessments to applicants' justice perceptions and the role of providing explanations to applicants. Adopting an experimental design to explore organizational justice model in the context of gamified assessments, results indicated that individuals' perceptions of job relatedness are higher when a situational judgment tests (SJT) is used rather than a gamified version, leading to more positive perceptions of procedural fairness and organizational attractiveness (Study 1). The mediating effects of the procedural rules of ease of faking and opportunity to perform were not supported. Subsequently, a 2 × 2 design was used (Study 2) to explore the role of providing explanations. It seems that the provision of explanations on the assessment's faking difficulty generates more positive reactions towards gamified SJTs than text‐based SJTs, in relation to ease of faking and procedural justice, and a spillover effect, invoking favorable reactions to the recruiting organization as well (Study 2).
Examining effective communication in nursing practice during COVID‐19: A large‐scale qualitative study
Authors: Simonovich Shannon D. , Spurlark Roxanne S. , Badowski Donna , Krawczyk Susan , Soco Cheryl , Ponder Tiffany N. , Rhyner Debi , Waid Rachel , Aquino Elizabeth , Lattner Christina , Wiesemann Lucy Mueller , Webber‐Ritchey Kashica , Li Suling , Tariman Joseph D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to conduct a primary examination of the qualitative communication experiences of nurses during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States.BackgroundAmbiguity in ever‐evolving knowledge on how to provide care during COVID‐19. Remaining safe has created a sense of urgency, which has in turn created the need for organizations to quickly alter their operational plans and protocols to support measures that increase capacity and establish a culture of safe care and clear communication. However, no known study has described communication in nursing practice during COVID‐19.MethodsUtilizing qualitative descriptive methodology, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 100 nurse participants from May to September 2020 and recorded for thematic analysis. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ), a 32‐item checklist, were used to ensure detailed and comprehensive reporting of this qualitative study protocol.FindingsStudy participants shared descriptions of how effective communication positively impacted patient care and nursing practice experiences during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The thematic network analyses identified the importance of effective communication across three levels: (1) organizational leadership, (2) unit leadership and (3) nurse‐to‐nurse communication. Within this structure, three organizing themes, essential to effective communication, were described including (a) presence, (b) education and (c) emotional support.ConclusionExamining existing crisis communication policies and procedures across healthcare organizations is imperative to maintain highly relevant, innovative, and data‐driven policies and strategies that are fundamental to preserving quality patient care and supporting optimal nursing practice.Implications for Nursing Policy and Health PolicyEffective communication is critical to support nurses through extended periods of crisis. COVID‐19 represents a unique contemporary challenge to the nursing workforce given the high stress and prolonged strain it has created for both human and healthcare supply resources. There is value in nurses’ presence at local, unit level and organizational leadership levels to convey critical information that directly informs leadership decision‐making during unprecedented emergencies such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Use of infrared thermography to delineate temperature gradients and critical isotherms during catheter ablation with normal and half normal saline: Implications for safety and efficacy
Authors: Huang Henry D. , Ravi Venkatesh , Rhodes Paul , Du‐Fay‐de‐Lavallaz Jeanne M. , Winterfield Jeffrey , Allen‐Proctor Mary , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Krishnan Kousik , Trohman Richard , Sharma Parikshit S. , Larsen Timothy R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) ablation with half‐normal saline (HNS) has shown promise as a bail‐out strategy following failed ventricular tachycardia ablation using standard approaches.ObjectiveTo use a novel infrared thermal imaging (ITI) model to evaluate biophysical and lesion characteristics during RF ablation using normal saline (NS) and HNS irrigation.MethodsLeft ventricular strips of myocardium were excised from fresh porcine hearts. RF ablation was performed using an open‐irrigated ablation catheter (Thermocool ST/SF) with NS (n = 75) and HNS (n = 75) irrigation using different power settings (40/50 W), RF durations (30/60 s), contact force of 10–15 g, and flow rate of 15 ml/min. RF lesions were recorded using an infrared thermal camera and border zone, lethal, 100° isotherms were matched with necrotic borders after 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Lesion dimensions and isotherms (mm2) were measured.ResultsIn total, 150 lesions were delivered. HNS lesions were deeper (6.4 ± 1.1 vs. 5.7 ±0.8 mm; p = .03), and larger in volume (633 ± 153 vs. 468 ± 107 mm3; p = .007) than NS lesions. Steam pops (SPs) occurred during 19/75 lesions (25%) in the NS group and 32/75 lesions (43%) in the HNS group (p = .34). Lethal (57.8 ± 6.5 vs. 36.0 ± 3.9 mm2; p = .001) and 100°C isotherm areas (16.9 ± 6.9 vs. 3.8 ± 4.2 mm2; p = .003) areas were larger and were reached earlier in the HNS group.ConclusionsRFA using HNS created larger lesions than NS irrigation but led to more frequent SPs. The presence of earlier lethal isotherms and temperature rises above 100°C on ITI suggest a potentially narrower therapeutic‐safety window with HNS.
2021 European Guideline on the management of proctitis, proctocolitis and enteritis caused by sexually transmissible pathogens
Authors: de Vries H.J.C. , Nori A.V. , Kiellberg Larsen H. , Kreuter A. , Padovese V. , Pallawela S. , Vall‐Mayans M. , Ross J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis guideline intents to offer guidance on the diagnosis and management of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a suspected sexually transmitted cause. Proctitis is defined as an inflammatory syndrome of the anal canal and/or the rectum. Infectious proctitis can be sexually transmitted via genital–anal mucosal contact, but some also via digital contact and toys. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (including lymphogranuloma venereum), Treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus are the most common sexually transmitted anorectal pathogens. Shigellosis can be transferred via oral–anal contact and may lead to proctocolitis or enteritis. Although most studies on these infections have concentrated on men who have sex with men (MSM), women having anal intercourse may also be at risk. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of proctitis can be made when there are symptoms and signs, and a definitive diagnosis when the results of laboratory tests are available. The symptoms of proctitis include anorectal itching, pain, tenesmus, bleeding, constipation and discharge in and around the anal canal. The majority of rectal chlamydia and gonococcal infections are asymptomatic and can only be detected by laboratory tests. Therefore, especially when there is a history of receptive anal contact, exclusion of anorectal infections is generally indicated as part of standard screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condom use does not guarantee protection from STIs, which are often spread without penile penetration. New in this updated guideline is: (i) lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis is increasingly found in HIV‐negative MSM, (ii) anorectal Mycoplasma genitalium infection should be considered in patients with symptomatic proctitis after exclusion of other common causations such N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, syphilis and herpes, (iii) intestinal spirochetosis incidentally found in colonic biopsies should not be confused with syphilis, and (iv) traumatic causes of proctitis should be considered in sexually active patients.
Effect of enterocin M and durancin ED26E/7 supplementation on blood parameters, immune response and jejunal morphometry in rabbits
Authors: Pogány Simonová Monika , Lauková Andrea , Chrastinová Ľubica , Kandričáková Anna , Ščerbová Jana , Strompfová Viola , Gancarčíková Soňa , Plachá Iveta , Žitňan Rudolf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural feed additives application in rabbit nutrition can help to control and prevent digestive disturbances and improve gut health and immunity around the critical weaning period. While probiotics are frequently used in rabbits, in vivo administration of bacteriocins is often limited. Therefore, the present study evaluates the effect of enterocin EntM, durancin EntED26E/7 and their combination on serum biochemistry, phagocytic activity and jejunal morphometry of rabbits. Eighty rabbits (aged 35 days, meat line M91, both sexes) were divided into experimental groups E (EntM; dose 50 µl/animal/day, activity 25,600 AU/ml), D (EntED26E/7; 50 µl/animal/day, 12,800 AU/ml), E + D (50 µl EntM + 50 µl EntED26E/7 /animal/day) and control group (C). Additives were administrated in drinking water for 21 days. Both enterocins positively influenced tested serum parameters, with emphasis on durancin EntED26E/7 administration, alone and/or in combination with EntM. Increased total proteins (E, D: p < 0.001), urea (D: p < 0.001), albumin (D: p < 0.05) and triglycerids (E, D, E+D: p < 0.001) were found. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of both additives was recorded (p < 0.001), with the lowest HDL concentration in E + D. The most of tested hepatic enzymes were positively influenced by enterocins combination (E + D; p < 0.001). The lowest AST was noted in group D (p < 0.001). Mineral profile was also improved (p < 0.001), with the highest values in D. Oxidative stress, was not evoked during enterocins application. Both additives showed a tendency to improve phagocytic activity (prolonged effect of EntED26D/7; D, E+D: p < 0.05) and jejunal morphometry parameters (increased villus cut surface; E, D, E+D; p < 0.001). Diet supplementation with EntM and mostly with EntED26E/7 can improve serum biochemistry, phagocytic activity and jejunal morphometry.