bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Oleaginous Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Soil of Baturraden Botanical Garden, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rizki M A A H , Ilmi M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present paper introduces potential oleaginous filamentous fungi that have been isolated from the soils of Baturraden Botanical Garden, Central Java, Indonesia. Several types of filamentous fungi were isolated randomly from Baturraden Botanical Garden soils and were screened for their lipid production. Quantitative screening was done using semisynthetic mediums that contain glucose. The potential lipid producers were identified molecularly. The fatty acid profile of three isolates with high lipid content were identified using GC-MS. In the present study, four of nineteen screened fungi accumulated lipid more than 20% of dry cell mass. The lipid content found in BR.2.2, BR.2.3, BR.3.3 and BR.4.4 were 28.44%, 21.06%, 21.76% and 28.27%, respectively. Further analysis showed that three isolates with high lipid content were identified as unclassified strain (BR.2.2), Brevistachys sp. (BR.3.3) and Cerrena sp. (BR.4.4) based on ITS sequence. Isolate BR.2.2 contains 60.47% saturated fatty acid (SFA), 21.12% monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and 5.0% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Isolate BR.3.3 contains 36.85% SFA, 17.47% MUFA and 1.59% PUFA. Isolate BR.4.4 contains 70.48% SFA, 19.62% MUFA and 0.56% PUFA. It concludes that lipid produced from isolates BR.2.2, BR.3.3 and BR.4.4 are suitable and have potential for biodiesel production. Further studies to optimize the lipid production are suggested.
Development of immobilized matrix from durian rind waste in cultivation of microalgae for biofertilizer production
Authors: Roshidi A A , Mohamad-Fuzi S F , Matias-Peralta H M , Zaidan N L , Hailan I M , Kormin F , Abu-Bakar M F , Sabran S F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Conventional fertilizers have a negative impact on environment and are not economically efficient. This is because the fertilizers are lost by volatilization in the atmosphere, leaching into the groundwater or fixation in the soil. The aim of this project is to produce a new generation of biofertilizers, using an eco-friendly coating based on biomass and biopolymers derived from pectin. In this study, pectin from durian rind was obtained after a treatment with an acidified solution followed by purification through alcohol precipitation. The durian pectin was found to be 3.22 ± 0.065% of methoxyl content which is classified as a low methoxyl pectin. Therefore, it is suitable to be used as a biopolymeric matrix to produce a slow-release soil fertilizer added with microalgal (Scenedesmus sp.) biomass residue. The incorporation of sodium alginate as a gelling mixture was found to enhance the formation of rigid bead structure. The morphology of encapsulated Scenedesmus-beads were then examined using scanning electron microscopy and the growth of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra plant) was observed for its potential use as biofertilizer. The results obtained for the morphology of the beads shows that the beads have a porous structure. In just two weeks, the significant growth of plant treated with biofertilizer was shown by having a much greater height (7.17 + 1.04 cm), number (4 leaves) and size of leaves (3.67 ± 0.32 cm) compared to the control (5.17 + 0.35 cm high, 3 leaves, and 2.67 ± 0.20 cm in size, respectively). However, further research is needed on the optimal biofertilizer concentration and dosage as well as on the kinetic study of the release compounds from the beads. Overall, this article exhibits a good perspective for alternative fertilizer for agriculture applications and represent an innovative solution for durian rind final disposal.
Introduction of Biological Parameters for Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) Classification for Permanent Forest Reserve: A Case Study Based on Small Vertebrates’ Assessments in Selangor
Authors: Shahfiz M A , Munian K , Ruzman N H A , Zakaria N A , Fauzi N F M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) is vital for seeking the balance between biodiversity conservation and land use planning based on the concept of sustainable development. However, the classification of ESA in Malaysia grounded on physical attributes and the biological elements neglected. Therefore, the aim of the study is to propose a new approach of ESA for permanent forest reserve classification by integrating biological parameters based on small vertebrates with the existing physical attribute of ESA classification. Three forest reserves in northern Selangor selected and four taxa of small vertebrate e.g. small mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles assessed to develop the biological parameters. Forty potential biological parameters were listed which were thoroughly screened and examined before final ten parameters were finalised. These parameters were composed of four categories including species diversity, trophic composition, origin of species and conservation status. An initial threshold values for each biological parameter were determined. The finding indicates the parameters are promising and the research need to further fine-tuned by conducting verification tests in various landscapes or regions before being integrated with physical attributes to enhance the existing classification of ESA in Malaysia.
Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Certification Progress for Independent Smallholders in Malaysia
Authors: Yap P , Rosdin R , Abdul-Rahman A A A , Omar A T , Mohamed M N , Rahami M S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oil palm sector is one of the major contributors to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia. In 2019, with oil palm area of 5.90 million hectares, exports of oil palm have contributed RM64.84 billion to the country’s income. Indirectly, it helps the economic growth and socioeconomic of independent smallholders which occupy over 16% of total oil palm planted area in Malaysia. Despite the significant contribution to the economy, Malaysian palm oil industries has been heavily pressurized by the western communities for causing environmental problems such as deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Hence, the mandatory implementation of Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) starting 1st January 2020 is important for the palm oil industries to ensure their commitment towards sustainability, including smallholders. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), a government agency has been tasked to assist independent smallholders in implementing MSPO certification. As of 31st May 2020, 24.3% of independent smallholders with 239,692.34 hectares of oil palm areas have been certified with MSPO. Therefore, implementation of MSPO among smallholders provides competitive advantages for Malaysian palm oil and promotes Malaysian sustainable product worldwide.
Back to the fields? Increased agricultural land greenness after a COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Hammad A T , Falchetta G , Wirawan I B M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers worldwide adopted unprecedented measures to limit disease spread, with major repercussions on economic activities and the environment. Here we provide empirical evidence of the impact of a lockdown policy on satellite-measured agricultural land greenness in Badung, a highly populated regency of Bali, Indonesia. Using machine learning and satellite data, we estimate what the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) of cropland would have been without a lockdown. Based on on this counterfactual, we estimate a significant increase in the EVI over agricultural land after the beginning of the lockdown period. The finding is robust to a placebo test. Based on evidence from official reports and international press outlets, we suggest that the observed increase in EVI might be caused by labour reallocation to agriculture from the tourism sector, hardly hit by the lockdown measures. Our results show that machine learning and satellite data can be effectively combined to estimate the effects of exogenous events on land productivity.
Achieving a sub-10 nm nanopore array in silicon by metal-assisted chemical etching and machine learning
Authors: Chen Yun , Chen Yanhui , Long Junyu , Shi Dachuang , Chen Xin , Hou Maoxiang , Gao Jian , Liu Huilong , He Yunbo , Fan Bi , Wong Ching-Ping , Zhao Ni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Solid-state nanopores with controllable pore size and morphology have huge application potential. However, it has been very challenging to process sub-10 nm silicon nanopore arrays with high efficiency and high quality at low cost. In this study, a method combining metal-assisted chemical etching and machine learning is proposed to fabricate sub-10 nm nanopore arrays on silicon wafers with various dopant types and concentrations. Through a SVM algorithm, the relationship between the nanopore structures and the fabrication conditions, including the etching solution, etching time, dopant type, and concentration, was modeled and experimentally verified. Based on this, a processing parameter window for generating regular nanopore arrays on silicon wafers with variable doping types and concentrations was obtained. The proposed machine-learning-assisted etching method will provide a feasible and economical way to process high-quality silicon nanopores, nanostructures, and devices.
Authentication based on electrocardiography signals and machine learning
Authors: Albuquerque Silas L , Miosso Cristiano J , da Rocha Adson F , Gondim Paulo R L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Among the information security problems involved in Telemedicine Information Systems (TMIS), the authentication area of the various entities involved has been extensively discussed in recent years and shown a wide range of possibilities. The problems caused by the application of inadequate authentication processes may lead to the death of patients who depend on Mobile Healthcare (M-Health) services. User authentication can be based on several physiological traits (e.g., iris, retina, and fingerprint) for biometric recognition, including electrocardiography (ECG) signals. Some ECG patterns are relatively robust to daily changes associated with normal heart rate variability. In fact, the relative lengths of PQ, QR, and RS intervals, as well as Q, R, and S relative amplitudes constitute individual traits. A few studies have succeeded in using ECG signals as an accurate authentication input and offered some advantages in comparison to biometrics traditional approaches. ECG-based user authentication can be built on Machine Learning (ML) models, used for classification purposes and reductions in distortions caused by misinterpretation of ECG data. Among the ML models adopted for ECG signals classification, ensembles have shown a good research opportunity. Random Under-Sampling Boosting (RUSBoost), a boosting algorithm not yet explored (to the best of our knowledge) for such a problem, can achieve comparatively high performance after a supervised training stage, even from relatively few training examples. This manuscript reports on a comparison of RUSBoost with Nearest Neighbour Search (NNS) regarding the classification of ECG signals for biometric authentication applications. The two ML techniques were compared by a random subsampling technique that considers four analysis metrics, namely accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1-score. The experimental results showed the better performance of RUSBoost regarding accuracy (97.4%), sensitivity (96.1%) and F1-score (97.4%). On the other hand, NNS provided better precision (99.5%).
Global Pandemic and Plastic Surgery Residency Match: Can Social Media Fill the Void?
Authors: Duque Sofia , Riccelli Vincent , Mulqueen Sydney , Zhang Andrew Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The type of content that influences plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) residency program selection and attracts applicants is continually changing and not clearly understood. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major yet undetermined impact on residency selection.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the type of PRS social media (SM) content that drives prospective applicants’ interest in a residency program, and the degree of SM influence on applicants, especially in the context of COVID-19.

Methods
Prospective PRS residency applicants were surveyed anonymously.

Results
An average of 60% of respondents reported that PRS SM content influenced their perception of a program. Fifty-eight percent reported that resident lifestyle content made them more interested in a program. Separately, 32% reported that resident lifestyle content influenced them to rank a program higher. Seventy-two percent of respondents claimed SM content did not make them lose interest in a program. Rarely posting, outdated content, and lack of engagement were cited as factors for loss of interest in a program. A majority of respondents (53%) reported wanting to see more resident life and culture content on SM. Of the existing PRS SM content, respondents were most interested in resident lifestyle, followed by clinical and program-specific content.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the importance of SM PRS residency selection. Resident lifestyle content was consistently indicated as more likely to make respondents gain interest in a program, rank a program higher, and as the most desired content. PRS programs will benefit from highlighting resident camaraderie, quality of life, hobbies, and lifestyle to attract applicants.
In silico prediction of in vitro protein liquid–liquid phase separation experiments outcomes with multi-head neural attention
Authors: Raimondi Daniele , Orlando Gabriele , Michiels Emiel , Pakravan Donya , Bratek-Skicki Anna , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Moreau Yves , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Proteins able to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vivo and in vitro are drawing a lot of interest, due to their functional relevance for cell life. Nevertheless, the proteome-scale experimental screening of these proteins seems unfeasible, because besides being expensive and time-consuming, LLPS is heavily influenced by multiple environmental conditions such as concentration, pH and temperature, thus requiring a combinatorial number of experiments for each protein.

Results
To overcome this problem, we propose a neural network model able to predict the LLPS behavior of proteins given specified experimental conditions, effectively predicting the outcome of in vitro experiments. Our model can be used to rapidly screen proteins and experimental conditions searching for LLPS, thus reducing the search space that needs to be covered experimentally. We experimentally validate Droppler’s prediction on the TAR DNA-binding protein in different experimental conditions, showing the consistency of its predictions.

Availability and implementation
A python implementation of Droppler is available at https://bitbucket.org/grogdrinker/droppler

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The spatiotemporal changes in dopamine, neuromelanin and iron characterizing Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Biondetti Emma , Santin Mathieu D , Valabrègue Romain , Mangone Graziella , Gaurav Rahul , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Hutchison Matthew , Yahia-Cherif Lydia , Villain Nicolas , Habert Marie-Odile , Arnulf Isabelle , Leu-Semenescu Smaranda , Dodet Pauline , Vila Miquel , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Vidailhet Marie , Lehéricy Stéphane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease, there is a progressive reduction in striatal dopaminergic function, and loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons and increased iron deposition in the substantia nigra. We tested the hypothesis of a relationship between impairment of the dopaminergic system and changes in the iron metabolism. Based on imaging data of patients with prodromal and early clinical Parkinson’s disease, we assessed the spatiotemporal ordering of such changes and relationships in the sensorimotor, associative and limbic territories of the nigrostriatal system.
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (disease duration &lt; 4 years) or idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (a prodromal form of Parkinson’s disease) and healthy controls underwent longitudinal examination (baseline and 2-year follow-up). Neuromelanin and iron sensitive MRI and dopamine transporter single-photon emission tomography were performed to assess nigrostriatal levels of neuromelanin, iron, and dopamine. For all three functional territories of the nigrostriatal system, in the clinically most and least affected hemispheres separately, the following was performed: cross-sectional and longitudinal intergroup difference analysis of striatal dopamine and iron, and nigral neuromelanin and iron; in Parkinson’s disease patients, exponential fitting analysis to assess the duration of the prodromal phase and the temporal ordering of changes in dopamine, neuromelanin or iron relative to controls; and voxel-wise correlation analysis to investigate concomitant spatial changes in dopamine-iron, dopamine-neuromelanin and neuromelanin-iron in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
The temporal ordering of dopaminergic changes followed the known spatial pattern of progression involving first the sensorimotor, then the associative and limbic striatal and nigral regions. Striatal dopaminergic denervation occurred first followed by abnormal iron metabolism and finally neuromelanin changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which followed the same spatial and temporal gradient observed in the striatum but shifted in time.
In conclusion, dopaminergic striatal dysfunction and cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta are interrelated with increased nigral iron content.
Development of a stability-indicating assay method by HPLC–DAD and MS characterization of forced degradation products of ravuconazole
Authors: Gazzinelli Bernardo Pontes , Brêtas Camila Machado , César Isabela Costa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ravuconazole (RAV) is a triazole antifungal with broad spectrum and a novel alternative in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. A stability-indicating method by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection was developed and fully validated to assay ravuconazole in the presence of its degradation products. Separation was achieved with a Sunfire C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm), mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (80:20), at 1 mL/min. The volume of injection was 5 μL and DAD detection was performed at 287 nm. RAV was well resolved from its degradation products and the method proved to be linear, selective, accurate, precise and robust. A forced degradation study was conducted on the pure drug under oxidative conditions in presence of H2O2 and metallic ions and under acid, alkaline and neutral hydrolysis. RAV was degraded mainly under alkaline hydrolysis, forming two main degradation products. The chemical structures were proposed according to the data obtained by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. This study provided a new and selective stability-indicating method to evaluate the intrinsic stability of ravuconazole in active pharmaceutical ingredients. The developed method was found to be suitable for quality control routine analysis and to stability studies of ravuconazole.
Expanded Analysis of 20 Pneumococcal Serotypes Associated With Radiographically Confirmed Community-acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized US Adults
Authors: Isturiz Raul , Grant Lindsay , Gray Sharon , Alexander-Parrish Ronika , Jiang Qin , Jodar Luis , Peyrani Paula , Ford Kimbal D , Pride Michael W , Self Wesley H , Counselman Francis , Volturo Gregory , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Wunderink Richard G , Sherwin Robert , Overcash J Scott , File Thomas , Ramirez Julio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has significantly decreased the burden of PCV13-serotype pneumococcal disease; however, disease from nonvaccine serotypes remains substantial. A recent study documented the persistence of PCV13 serotypes among US adults hospitalized with radiographically confirmed CAP. The current analysis used a recently developed urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay (UAD2) to extend these results to additional serotypes included in an investigational PCV20 vaccine.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiographically confirmed CAP between October 2013 and September 2016. Presence of S pneumoniae was determined by blood and respiratory sample culture, BinaxNOW urine testing, and UAD. In addition to Quellung on cultured isolates when available, serotypes were identified from urine specimens using UAD1 for PCV13 serotypes and UAD2 for 7 PCV20-unique serotypes (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, and 33F) and 4 additional serotypes (2, 9N, 17F, and 20).

Results
Among 12 055 subjects with radiographically confirmed CAP, 1482 were positive for S pneumoniae. PCV13- and PCV20-unique serotypes were associated with 37.7% (n = 559) and 27.0% (n = 400) of cases, respectively; 288 subjects were exclusively diagnosed as positive for S pneumoniae by UAD2. Demographic and clinical disease characteristics were similar between subjects with CAP caused by PCV13 and PCV20-unique serotypes.

Conclusions
The current analysis using UAD2 identified a sizeable proportion of hospitalized adult CAP associated with PCV20-unique serotypes. PCV20 may therefore address the burden of CAP caused by the additional serotypes present in the vaccine.
Development of the Three Antimicrobial Stewardship E’s (TASE) Framework and Association Between Stewardship Interventions and Intended Results Analysis to Identify Key Facility-Specific Interventions and Strategies for Successful Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Kimball Joanna M , Deri Connor R , Nesbitt Whitney J , Nelson George E , Staub Milner B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Successful antimicrobial stewardship (AS) interventions have been described previously. Currently, a uniform operational approach to planning and implementing successful AS interventions does not exist. From 2015 to 2019, concomitant vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam use (CVPTU) for &gt;48 hours at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) significantly decreased through AS efforts. We analyzed the interventions that led to this change and created a model to inform future intervention planning and development.

Methods
Adult admissions at VUMC from January 2015 to August 2019 were evaluated for CVPTU. The percentage of admissions receiving CVPTU for &gt;48 hours, the primary outcome, was evaluated using statistical process control charts. We created the Three Antimicrobial Stewardship E’s (TASE) framework and Association between Stewardship Interventions and Intended Results (ASIR) analysis to assess potential intensity and impact of interventions associated with successful change during this time period and to identify guiding principles for development of future initiatives.

Results
The mean percentage of admissions receiving CVPTU per month declined from 4.2% to 0.7%. Over 8 time periods, we identified 4 periods with high, 3 with moderate, and 1 with low intervention intensity. Continuous provider-level AS education was present throughout. Creation and dissemination of division and department algorithms and reinforcement via computerized provider order entry sets preceded the largest reduction in CVPTU and sustained prescribing practice changes.

Conclusions
The TASE framework and ASIR analysis successfully identified pivotal interventions and strategies needed to effect and sustain change at VUMC. Further research is needed to validate the effectiveness of this framework as a stewardship intervention planning tool at our institution and others.