bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of novel paramyxoviruses in Chaerephon bat species in Nigeria and phylogenetics of paramyxoviruses co‐evolution with bats in Africa
Authors: Ayolabi Christianah Idowu , Olusola Babatunde Adebiyi , Lawal Adesiyan Ayobami , Chibuike Areh David , Nzekwue Blessing Ngozi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBat paramyxoviruses (PmV) are a diverse group of viruses and include zoonotic viruses such as henipaviruses. Members of this group in other continents have been associated with severe respiratory and neurological infections in animals and humans. Furthermore, despite the richness of diverse bat species that can transmit this virus in African countries like Nigeria, there is very scanty information as to the presence and co‐evolution of paramyxoviruses in bats. There is a need for continuous surveillance of zoonotic viruses and their biological reservoirs as this will help in the prevention and management of pathogens' spillovers. This study detected novel paramyxoviruses in Chaerephon nigeriae bat species found in Badagry, Lagos. Phylogenetic analyses of paramyxovirus sequences' co‐evolution with frugivorous and insectivorous bats circulating in African countries were also performed using sequences of African origin available in the Database of Bat‐Associated Viruses (DBatVir: http://www.mgc.ac.cn/DBatVir/). Oral swabs (n = 18) and blood samples (n = 32) were collected from C. nigeriae bats in Badagry, Lagos. The L gene of bat paramyxovirus was detected in all oral swabs using PCR techniques. Six of the amplicons were successfully sequenced. Estimated phylogenies placed the sequences in close relationship with those isolated from insectivorous bats. Phylogenetic analyses of previously sequenced isolates in the African region showed the likelihood of different co‐evolution mechanisms of paramyxoviruses with frugivorous bats compared with insectivorous bats. This may be due to codon usage bias of the L gene. Spatial distribution of paramyxoviruses in African countries showed limited ongoing surveillance of this virus in the continent, especially in southern and northern countries. Extensive surveillance of paramyxoviruses with possible zoonotic potentials among bat species in the continent is recommended. This will provide further insights into co‐evolution as well as prevent possible spillover into the human population.
If a Picture is Worth 1000 Words, Is a Word Worth 1000 Features for Design Metric Estimation?
Authors: Edwards Kristen M. , Peng Aoran , Miller Scarlett R. , Ahmed Faez 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A picture is worth a thousand words, and in design metric estimation, a word may be worth a thousand features. Pictures are awarded this worth because they can encode a plethora of information. When evaluating designs, we aim to capture a range of information as well, including usefulness, uniqueness, and novelty of a design. The subjective nature of these concepts makes their evaluation difficult. Still, many attempts have been made and metrics developed to do so, because design evaluation is integral to the creation of novel solutions. The most common metrics used are the consensual assessment technique (CAT) and the Shah, Vargas-Hernandez, and Smith (SVS) method. While CAT is accurate and often regarded as the “gold standard,” it relies on using expert ratings, making CAT expensive and time-consuming. Comparatively, SVS is less resource-demanding, but often criticized as lacking sensitivity and accuracy. We utilize the complementary strengths of both methods through machine learning. This study investigates the possibility of using machine learning to predict expert creativity assessments from more accessible nonexpert survey results. The SVS method results in a text-rich dataset about a design. We utilize these textual design representations and the deep semantic relationships that words and sentences encode to predict more desirable design metrics, including CAT metrics. We demonstrate the ability of machine learning models to predict design metrics from the design itself and SVS survey information. We show that incorporating natural language processing (NLP) improves prediction results across design metrics, and that clear distinctions in the predictability of certain metrics exist. Our code and additional information about our work are available on the MIT DeCoDE Lab website.1
Spatial, But Not Temporal, Kinematics of Spontaneous Upper Extremity Movements Are Related to Gross and Fine Motor Skill Attainment in Infancy
Authors: Bican Rachel , Lowes Linda , Alfano Lindsay , McNally Michael , Durbak Emily , Pan Xueliang , Heathcock Jill 
Published: November 2021

Background: Spontaneous upper extremity movements in infancy provide insight on neuromotor development. Spatiotemporal kinematics have been used to evaluate typical development of reaching, a foundational motor skill in infancy. This study evaluates the relationship between spontaneous upper extremity movements, not elicited by a toy, and motor skill attainment. Methods: N = 12 healthy infants (2–8 months) participated in this longitudinal study (one to four sessions). Motor skills were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition: gross motor subtest (GM) and fine motor subtest. Spontaneous upper extremity movements were collected using 3D motion capture technology. Infants were placed in supine for three to twelve 30-s trials, and their movements were recorded. Repeated measure correlation coefficients (Rmcorr) were used to evaluate relationships between variables. Results: There were significant, moderate, positive relationships between the straight distance from start to end of a movement and (a) fine motor score (Rmcorr = .55, p = .03), (b) GM score (Rmcorr = .63, p = .01), and (c) age (Rmcorr = .56, p = .02). There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between straightness ratio and GM score (Rmcorr = −.52, p = .047). Discussion: Fine and GM skills are related to the straight distance from start to end of a movement and the straightness ratio of underlying spontaneous upper extremity movements.
Differences in Accelerometer-Measured Patterns of Physical Activity and Sleep/Rest Between Ethnic Groups and Age: An Analysis of UK Biobank
Authors: Dawkins Nathan P. , Yates Tom , Razieh Cameron , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Maylor Ben , Zaccardi Francesco , Khunti Kamlesh , Rowlands Alex V. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Physical activity and sleep are important for health; whether device-measured physical activity and sleep differ by ethnicity is unclear. This study aimed to compare physical activity and sleep/rest in white, South Asian (SA), and black adults by age. Methods: Physical activity and sleep/rest quality were assessed using accelerometer data from UK Biobank. Linear regressions, stratified by sex, were used to analyze differences in activity and sleep/rest. An ethnicity × age group interaction term was used to assess whether ethnic differences were consistent across age groups. Results: Data from 95,914 participants, aged 45–79 years, were included. Overall activity was 7% higher in black, and 5% lower in SA individuals compared with white individuals. Minority ethnic groups had poorer sleep/rest quality. Lower physical activity and poorer sleep quality occurred at a later age in black and SA adults (>65 y), than white adults (>55 y). Conclusions: While black adults are more active, and SA adults less active, than white adults, the age-related reduction appears to be delayed in black and SA adults. Sleep/rest quality is poorer in black and SA adults than in white adults. Understanding ethnic differences in physical activity and rest differ may provide insight into chronic conditions with differing prevalence across ethnicities.
Online computer or therapist-guided cognitive behavioral therapy in university students with anxiety and/or depression: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Klein Anke , Wolters N E , Bol E J M , Koelen J , de Koning L , Roetink S S M , van Blom J J , Pronk T , van der Heijde Claudia , Salemink Elske , Bolinski Felix , Riper Heleen , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Schneider S , Rapee Ronald M , Vonk Peter , Wiers Reinout W 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionEmerging adulthood is a phase in life that is associated with an increased risk to develop a variety of mental health disorders including anxiety and depression. However, less than 25% of university students receive professional help for their mental health reports. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) may entail useful interventions in a format that is attractive for university students. The aim of this study protocol is to test the effectiveness of a therapist-guided versus a computer-guided transdiagnostic iCBT programme with a main focus on anxiety and depression.Methods and analysisUniversity students with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms will be randomised to a (1) 7-week iCBT programme (excluding booster session) with therapist feedback, (2) the identical iCBT programme with computer feedback only or (3) care as usual. Participants in the care as usual condition are informed and referred to conventional care services and encouraged to seek the help they need. Primary outcome variables are self-reported levels of anxiety as measured with the General Anxiety Disorder-7 and self-reported levels of depression as measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Secondary outcomes include treatment adherence, client satisfaction, medical service use, substance use, quality of life and academic achievement. Assessments will take place at baseline (t1), midtreatment (t2), post-treatment (t3), at 6 months (t4) and 12 months (t5) postbaseline. Social anxiety and perfectionism are included as potentially important predictors of treatment outcome. Power calculations are based on a 3 (group) × 3 (measurement: pretreatment, midtreatment and post-treatment) interaction, resulting in an aimed sample of 276 participants. Data will be analysed based on intention-to-treat and per protocol samples using mixed linear models.Ethics and disseminationThe current study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee (METC) of the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (number: NL64929.018.18). Results of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNL7328.
Predictors of health insurance enrolment and wealth-related inequality in Nepal: evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019
Authors: Bhusal Umesh Prasad , Sapkota Vishnu Prasad 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesWe analysed predictors of health insurance enrolment in Nepal, measured wealth-related inequality and decomposed inequality into its contributing factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe used nationally representative data based on Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. Out of 10 958 households included in this study, 6.95% households were enroled in at least one health insurance scheme.Primary outcomemeasures health insurance (of any type) enrolment.ResultsHouseholds were more likely to have health insurance membership when household head have higher secondary education or above compared with households without formal education (adjusted OR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.64)). Households with mass media exposure were nearly three times more likely to get enroled into the schemes compared with their counterparts (adjusted OR 2.96; 95% CI 2.03 to 4.31). Hindus had greater odds of being enroled (adjusted OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.77) compared with non-Hindus. Dalits were less likely to get enroled compared with Brahmin, Chhetri and Madhesi (adjusted OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94). Households from province 2, Bagmati and Sudurpaschim were less likely to have membership compared with households from province 1. Households from Richer and Richest wealth quintiles were more than two times more likely to have health insurance membership compared with households from the poorest wealth quintile. A positive concentration index 0.25 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.30; p<0.001) indicated disproportionately higher health insurance enrolment among wealthy households.ConclusionsEducation of household head, exposure to mass media, religious and ethnic background, geographical location (province) and wealth status were key predictors of health insurance enrolment in Nepal. There was a significant wealth-related inequality in health insurance affiliation. The study recommends regular monitoring of inequality in health insurance enrolment across demographic and socioeconomic groups to ensure progress towards Universal Health Coverage.
Association of patient engagement strategies with utilisation and spending for musculoskeletal problems in the USA: a cross-sectional analysis of Medicare patients and physician practices
Authors: Brown Timothy T , Hurley Vanessa B , Rodriguez Hector P 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal problems like hip and knee osteoarthritis and low-back pain are preference sensitive conditions. Patient engagement strategies (PES), such as shared decision-making and motivational interviewing, can help align patients’ preferences with treatment options and potentially reduce spending. We assess the association of physician practice-level adoption of PES with utilisation and spending.DesignCross-sectional study in which patients were matched across low, moderate and high levels of PES via coarsened exact matching.SettingPrimary and secondary care in 2190 physician practices.Participants39 336 hip, 48 362 knee and 67 940 low-back patients who were Medicare beneficiaries were matched to the 2017–2018 National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTotal hip replacement (THR), total knee replacement (TKR), 1–2 level posterior lumbar fusion (LF), total annual spending, components of total annual spending.ResultsTotal annual spending for patients with musculoskeletal problems did not differ for practices with low versus moderate PES, low versus high PES or moderate versus high PES, but spending was significantly lower in some categories for practices with relatively higher PES adoption. For hospital-owned and health system-owned practices, the ORs of receiving LF were 0.632 (95% CI 0.396 to 1.009) for patients attributed to practices with high PES compared with patients attributed to practices with moderate PES. For independent practices, the odds of receiving THR were 1.403 (95% CI 1.035 to 1.902) for patients attributed to practices with moderate PES compared with patients attributed to practices with low PES.ConclusionsPractice-level adoption of PES for patients with musculoskeletal problems was generally not associated with total spending. PES, however, may steer patients toward evidence-based treatments. Opportunities for overall spending reduction exist as indicated by the variation in the subcomponents of total spending by PES adoption.
Performance Features and Mortality Prediction of the 4C Score Early in COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Rehab Abd Elfattah , Abdelsalam Eman Mahmoud , Maghraby Hend Maghraby , Al Jedaani Huda Shali , Rakha Ehab Badran , Hussain Khamrunissa , Sultan Intessar 
Published: November 2021

The ISARIC4C consortium developed and internally validated the 4C Score for prediction of mortality only in hospitalized patients. We aimed to assess the validity of the 4C Score in mortality prediction of patients with COVID-19 who had been home isolated or hospitalized. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed after the first wave of COVID-19. Data of all PCR-positive COVID-19 patients who had been discharged, hospitalized, or died were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into four risk groups according to the 4C Mortality Score. A total of (506) patients were classified as follows: low (57.1%), intermediate (27.9%), high (13%), and very high (2%) risk groups. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were significantly more severe in the high and very high-risk groups compared with other groups (p<0.001 for all). Mortality rate was correctly estimated by the model with 71% sensitivity, 88.6% specificity, and area under the curve of 0.9. The mortality rate was underestimated among the very high-risk group (66.2% vs 90%). The odds of mortality were significantly greater in the presence of hypoxia (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.6, p<0.001) and high respiratory rate (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 17.9, p<0.007), C reactive protein (CRP) (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.8, p<0.001), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1, p<0.002). Other components of the model had non-significant predictions. In conclusion, the 4C Mortality Score has good sensitivity and specificity in early risk stratification and mortality prediction of patient with COVID-19. Within the model, only hypoxia, tachypnea, high BUN, and CRP were the independent mortality predictors with the possibility of overlooking other important predictors.
A field study on the load sharing behavior of a micropiled raft underpinned by a waveform micropile
Authors: Wang Chengcan , Han Jin-Tae , Kim Seokjung 
Published: November 2021

A waveform micropile (WMP) uses the jet-grouting method to generate shear keys along the pile shaft for improving shaft resistance and cost efficiency. In this study, field loading tests were performed to characterize the load sharing behavior upon inclusion of a WMP in a group of four micropiles. First, single-pile compressive loading tests were conducted on three WMPs and five type A micropiles (MP). Subsequently, a group-pile loading test was performed on a piled raft comprising 2 × 2 MPs and a central WMP. The load–settlements, axial stiffnesses, and load transfer mechanisms of individual MPs were analyzed during the tests, including the short- and long-term effects of the axial stiffnesses of the MPs on the load sharing ratio of the micropiled raft. The single-pile loading test results revealed that the shear keys along the WMPs caused its bearing capacities and axial stiffnesses to be 1.5 times and 2–5 times higher than those of MPs, respectively. In the micropiled-raft loading test, the load sharing ratios of the MPs increased with their axial stiffnesses, and the highest load sharing capacity was exhibited by the WMP, which constituted 30% of the total load and 2–3 times that of MPs. Moreover, the influence of raft on the load-sharing capacity should be considered as well.
Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction in SPRINT
Authors: Upadhya Bharathi , Willard James J. , Lovato Laura C. , Rocco Michael V. , Lewis Cora E. , Oparil Suzanne , Cushman William C. , Bates Jeffrey T. , Bello Natalie A. , Aurigemma Gerard , Johnson Karen C. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Raj Dominic S. , Rastogi Anjay , Tamariz Leonardo , Wiggers Alan , Kitzman Dalane W. ,   for the SPRINT Research Group
Published: November 2021

Background:
In the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), intensive BP treatment reduced acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) events. Here, we report the effect on HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) and their subsequent outcomes.

Methods:
Incident ADHF was defined as hospitalization or emergency department visit, confirmed, and formally adjudicated by a blinded events committee using standardized protocols. HFpEF was defined as EF ≥45%, and HFrEF was EF <45%.

Results:

Among the 133 participants with incident ADHF who had EF assessment, 69 (52%) had HFpEF and 64 (48%) had HFrEF (
P
value: 0.73). During average 3.3 years follow-up in those who developed incident ADHF, rates of subsequent all-cause and HF hospital readmission and mortality were high, but there were no significant differences between those who developed HFpEF versus HFrEF. Randomization to the intensive arm had no effect on subsequent mortality or readmissions after the initial ADHF event, irrespective of EF subtype. During follow-up among participants who developed HFpEF, although relatively modest number of events limited statistical power, age was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, and Black race independently predicted all-cause and HF hospital readmission.

Conclusions:
In SPRINT, intensive BP reduction decreased both acute decompensated HFpEF and HFrEF events. After initial incident ADHF, rates of subsequent hospital admission and mortality were high and were similar for those who developed HFpEF or HFrEF. Randomization to the intensive arm did not alter the risks for subsequent all-cause, or HF events in either HFpEF or HFrEF. Among those who developed HFpEF, age and Black race were independent predictors of clinical outcomes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
A Sin Is Borne: Clearing up the Law of Women’s Vows (Numbers 30)
Authors: Eichler Raanan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The priestly law of women’s vows (Num 30:2–17), which is well understood overall, contains a three-verse section that poses a multitude of structural and substantive problems (vv. 14–16). The section culminates in the phrase וְנָשָׂא אֶת עֲוֹנָהּ (v. 16b), translated as “he will bear her sin” and understood as presenting the possibility of the woman’s male guardian incurring her guilt. I propose to solve all the problems by assuming that וְנָשָׂא אֶת עֲוֹנָהּ expresses an indefinite subject, a common but underappreciated grammatical phenomenon in Biblical Hebrew, and should be read “her sin will be lifted.” It thus becomes clear that the section is a summary of the pericope and that the phrase in question simply restates what has already been said three times with the words וַה׳ יִסְלַח לָהּ, “and Yhwh will forgive her” (vv. 6, 9, 13): that a woman whose vow was nullified is not culpable for her non-fulfillment of the vow.
A transformative change through a coordination process and a steering agency. The case of the financial information system of the French central state
Authors: Defacqz Samuel , Dupuy Claire 
Published: November 2021

Recent scholarship has focused on how coordination mechanisms are implemented by public sector organizations, thereby paying attention to coordination as a process. This article studies the coordination process that resulted in the implementation of the interministerial financial information system of the French central state—named Chorus. Chorus is a case of an unlikely coordination process rolled out in the non-conducive context of the French Napoleonic Administration. Chorus aimed at connecting all ministries’ administrative services to a shared information system, while ministries were previously using their own systems and applications. Based on the literature on mechanisms of coordination, and focusing on the role of existing institutions and the actors involved in the coordination process, the analysis has two main results. First, AIFE—“Agence pour l’informatique financière de l’État”, the agency in charge of the implementation of Chorus—steered the process by developing a stepwise network-based interministerial strategy. Second, the coordination steered by AIFE resulted in a transformative change of the French state's financial and accounting structures through a layering process of change. Thereby, the article contributes to the empirical analysis of public administrations’ recent changes toward increased coordination at the central level by studying recent reforms in France and their outcomes. Points for practitioners This article shows that coordination processes within public sector organizations are context sensitive and depend on the behavior of the “agents of change” in charge of these processes. In contexts that are non-conducive to transformative change (e.g. siloed structures, presence of veto players), the set-up of agile, resourceful and autonomous change agents is key. When veto players may oppose structural change, the article suggests setting up network-based coordination processes aiming at incremental evolutions inducing transformative change.