bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for fractional‐order fuzzy financial time‐delay system
Authors: Sundarrajan Senpagam , Palanisami Dhanalakshmi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work is allocated to investigate the problem of stabilization and fault tracking of fractional‐order (FO) fuzzy financial time‐delay system. And some situations that affect or collapse the whole system are taken into account as faults in system states. Precisely, an observer‐based controller that incorporates the estimated‐fault is introduced into the addressed system to handle these kinds of faults, and is called fuzzy fault‐tolerant controller. Moreover, a novel class of linear‐matrix‐inequality (LMI) constrains are derived forasymptotic stability of addressed system by using Lyapunov–Krasovskii (LK) functional employee. At last, a numerical example part includes two samples are given to assist the derived theoretical results.
Insights on the Corrosion and Degradation of MXenes as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liang Hongxing , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMXenes, known as the graphene‐like two‐dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, or nitrides, have been considered as promising electrocatalysts to replace benchmark Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite the success in fabricating MXenes, their application in catalysis still faces great challenges. One critical drawback is the rapid corrosion and structural evolution of MXenes during storage and HER. In this work, the corrosion and structural evolution of various MXenes in air, aqueous colloidal solutions, and under HER conditions are reviewed. The degradation/structural mechanism of MXenes and effects of structural evolution on the HER activity are in dispute. Preliminary protocols are proposed for future MXene storage and design for HER application. This review provides valuable information to better prevent corrosion of MXenes before and after servicing as HER catalysts, and to interpret the obtained HER performance for MXenes in the view of corrosion/structural evolution.
Indeno[2,1‐a]fluorene‐11,12‐dione Radical Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Wang Jie , Ruan Huapeng , Hu Zhaobo , Wang Wenqing , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe one‐electron reduction of indeno[2,1‐a]fluorene‐11,12‐dione (IF) with various alkali metals prepare the radical anion salts. The data about different structures, properties, and characterization was obtained by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, and physical property measurement system (PPMS). Compound IF.−K+(18‐c‐6) is regarded as a one‐dimensional magnetic chain through C−H⋅⋅⋅C interaction. Theoretical calculations and magnetic results showed that [IF.−K+(15‐c‐5)]2 is a dimer with an open‐shell ground state. Compounds IF.−Na+(15‐c‐5) and IF.−K+(cryptand) are monoradical anion salts: IF2.−Li+ possesses unique π‐stack structure with an interplanar separation less than 3.46 Å, making it a semiconductor (δRT=1.9×10−4 S ⋅ cm−1). This work gives insights into multifunctional radical anions, and describes the design and development of different functional radicals.
Gas Phase Preparation of the Elusive Monobridged Ge(μ‐H)GeH Molecule through Nonadiabatic Reaction Dynamics
Authors: Yang Zhenghai , Sun Bing‐Jian , He Chao , Fatimah Siti , Chang Agnes H. H. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe hitherto elusive monobridged Ge(μ‐H)GeH (X1A′) molecule was prepared in the gas phase by bimolecular reaction of atomic germanium with germane (GeH4). Electronic structure calculations revealed that this reaction commenced on the triplet surface with the formation of a van der Waals complex, followed by insertion of germanium into a germanium‐hydrogen bond over a submerged barrier to form the triplet digermanylidene intermediate (HGeGeH3); the latter underwent intersystem crossing from the triplet to the singlet surface. On the singlet surface, HGeGeH3 predominantly isomerized through two successive hydrogen shifts prior to unimolecular decomposition to Ge(μ‐H)GeH isomer, which is in equilibrium with the vinylidene‐type (H2GeGe) and dibridged (Ge(μ‐H2)Ge) isomers. This reaction leads to the formation of cyclic dinuclear germanium molecules, which do not exist on the isovalent C2H2 surface, thus deepening our understanding of the role of nonadiabatic reaction dynamics in preparing nonclassical, hydrogen‐bridged isomers carrying main group XIV elements.
The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
Authors: Wale Nina , Fuller Rebecca C. , Johnsen Sönke , Turrill McKenna L. , Duffy Meghan. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPredators can strongly influence disease transmission and evolution, particularly when they prey selectively on infected hosts. Although selective predation has been observed in numerous systems, why predators select infected prey remains poorly understood. Here, we use a mathematical model of predator vision to test a long‐standing hypothesis about the mechanistic basis of selective predation in a Daphnia–microparasite system, which serves as a model for the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Bluegill sunfish feed selectively on Daphnia infected by a variety of parasites, particularly in water uncolored by dissolved organic carbon. The leading hypothesis for selective predation in this system is that infection‐induced changes in the transparency of Daphnia render them more visible to bluegill. Rigorously evaluating this hypothesis requires that we quantify the effect of infection on the visibility of prey from the predator's perspective, rather than our own. Using a model of the bluegill visual system, we show that three common parasites, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, Pasteuria ramosa, and Spirobacillus cienkowskii, decrease the transparency of Daphnia, rendering infected Daphnia darker against a background of bright downwelling light. As a result of this increased brightness contrast, bluegill can see infected Daphnia at greater distances than uninfected Daphnia—between 19% and 33% further, depending on the parasite. Pasteuria and Spirobacillus also increase the chromatic contrast of Daphnia. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that selective predation by fish on infected Daphnia could result from the effects of infection on Daphnia's visibility. However, contrary to expectations, the visibility of Daphnia was not strongly impacted by water color in our model. Our work demonstrates that models of animal visual systems can be useful in understanding ecological interactions that impact disease transmission.
Elucidating how the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) diffused spatiotemporally among different landscapes in north Taiwan, 2008–2015
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hsien , Wen Tzai‐Hung , Liu Yi‐Huei , Huang Rong‐Nan , Liu Helen Kang‐Huey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolenopsis invicta Buren, also known as the red imported fire ant (RIFA), has had a large negative impact on human and livestock health. However, few studies have further investigated the influence of human land use, which is an important factor affecting the habitats of insects, on the expansion of RIFAs. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge of the empirical associations between RIFA diffusion and land use within countries. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to provide an approach to delineate the areas of RIFA infestations and explore how land use influences the spatiotemporal diffusion of S. invicta. We used RIFA data from 2008 to 2015 from the RIFA surveillance system, which was conducted by the National RIFA Control Center in Taiwan. Two regions in Taiwan with different RIFA infestation levels were investigated. The ordinary kriging method was applied to show the spatial intensity of RIFAs, and the extreme distance estimator method was applied to determine the critical dispersal distances, which showed the distance of the highest probability of RIFAs in two consecutive years. In addition, network analyses were used to identify RIFA invasion routes between land‐use types. Finally, bivariate local indicators of spatial association were used to capture the invasion process in time and space. The results showed, paddy fields, main roads, and warehouses were identified as the top three land‐use types of diffusion sources. On average, the critical RIFA dispersal distances were 600 and 650 m in two consecutive years in high‐ and low‐infestation regions, respectively. Finally, RIFAs were likely to diffuse between main roads and warehouses in the low‐infestation region. Therefore, it is suggested that RIFA control activities be implemented at least 600 m from the observed spot. Additionally, control activities should be conducted on the identified three land‐use types of diffusion sources in the high‐infestation region, and the roadsides between main roads and warehouses in the low‐infestation region to prevent the accidental spread of RIFAs.
Reactions of Imidazolio‐Phosphides with Organotin Chlorides: Surprisingly Diverse
Authors: Goerigk Florian , Birchall Nicholas , Feil Christoph M. , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReactions of primary imidazolio‐phosphides (“imidazolylidene‐phosphinidenes”) with R2SnCl2 yield as main products spectroscopically detectable Lewis pairs which undergo base‐induced dehydrochlorination in the presence of excess dichlorostannane to afford zwitterionic chloride adducts of distannylated imidazolio‐phosphines. In contrast, reactions with R3SnCl proceed under dismutation to furnish mixtures containing imidazolium salts and stannylated (oligo)phosphines P(SnR3)3 and P7(SnR3)3, respectively. DFT studies were used to rationalize the divergent behavior based on the presumption that the reactions proceed under thermodynamic control and the products observed represent the most stable species under the specific reaction conditions. Computational simulation of selected reaction steps provides a model mechanism for Lewis‐acid promoted creation of PP‐bonds, which is a prerequisite for oligophosphine formation. The computational studies further highlight parallels between reactions of imidazolio‐phosphides with Lewis and Brønsted acids, and allow also to extrapolate the behavior of the P‐nucleophiles towards other electrophiles than organotin chlorides.
Effects of salmon cartilage proteoglycan on obesity in mice fed with a high‐fat diet
Authors: Hirose Shouhei , Asano Krisana , Harada Seiyu , Takahashi Tatsuji , Kondou Eriko , Ito Kenichi , Iddamalgoda Arunasiri , Nakane Akio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG), which shows anti‐inflammatory properties, on obesity induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model. Mice were fed either a HFD or normal diet (ND), with or without PG, for 8–12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the body weight of mice fed with PG‐free HFD was 54.08 ± 4.67 g, whereas that of mice fed with HFD containing PG was 41.83 ± 4.97 g. The results suggest that the increase in body weight was attenuated in mice fed with HFD containing PG. This effect was not observed in mice fed with ND. The PG administration suppressed the elevation of serum lipids (the level of serum lipids ranged between 54% and 69% compared to 100% in mice fed with PG‐free HFD) and the upregulated mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), which is a transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of lipogenic gene expression in the liver (the expression level was 77.5% compared to 100% in mice fed with PG‐free HFD). High leptin levels in mice fed with PG‐free HFD were observed during fasting (average at 14,376 ng/ml), and they did not increase after refeeding (average of 14,263 ng/ml), whereas serum leptin levels in mice fed with HFD containing PG were low during fasting (average of 6481 ng/ml) and increased after refeeding (average 13,382 ng/ml). These results suggest that PG feeding has an anti‐obesity effect and that the regulation of SREBP‐1c and leptin secretion play a role in this effect.
Every mother and every fetus matters: A positive pregnancy test = multiple offerings of reproductive risk screening for personal, family, and specific obstetrical‐fetal conditions
Authors: Wilson R. Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo focus on the evidence‐based screening test options and timing as part of the overall “pregnant‐woman‐centered” preconception and prenatal care journey. The requirement and need for a focused “pregnant‐woman‐centered” prenatal care process with time for informed consent and shared decision making are important for optimal prenatal care.MethodsA structured quality improvement (QI) review (Squire 2.0) was undertaken to examine the appropriate reproductive screening process in the periods of preconception and during pregnancy.ResultsFirst, the broader prenatal care structure was evaluated which, second, enabled the directed reproductive risk screening processes to be offered within an informed consent process. Four international preconception and prenatal evidence‐based guidance consensus would routinely offer specific gestational age reproductive risk screening elements: totaling 21 screening elements (three preconception; nine first trimester; three second trimester; four third trimester; one intrapartum; and one postpartum).ConclusionThe best evidence‐based opportunity for comprehensive and collaborative prenatal care with appropriate screening elements requires: a single national access healthcare system; expert evidence‐based guideline creation; collaborative maternity care providers based for risk assessment, triage, and management; a pregnant‐woman‐centered care model of maternity care; clearly identified evidence‐based gestational age directed screening elements; international preconception and prenatal guideline consensus.
Role of apolipoprotein E in suppressing oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus patients and mouse model
Authors: Li Ming , Hou Xiuzhen , Zhang Rongju , Zheng Xinying , Dang Wanli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo address the relationship between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsFifty pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and normal pregnant women were recruited separately and their blood and placental tissue were collected. Western blot assay, qRT‐PCR assay and ELISA were used to detect the expression levels of ApoE and other oxidative stress factors in these samples. ApoE−/− mice with a C57BL/6J background were used to evaluate the relationship between ApoE deficiency and oxidative stress during GDM.ResultsSerum and placental ApoE were both down‐regulated in GDM patients (serum: 45.25 ± 19.27 μg/ml for GDM and 96.34 ± 24.05 μg/ml for control; placental: 14.49 ± 6.52 ng/mg tissue for GDM and 48.76 ± 13.59 ng/mg tissue for control). There was a statistical correlation between placental ApoE level and oxidative stress in GDM (r = −0.4904 with MDA, −0.4258 with NO, 0.4476 with SOD, 0.6316 with GSH). ApoE deficiency exacerbated blood glucose, insulin anomaly and oxidative stress in placenta in GDM mouse models. Placental Apo E deficiency correlates to oxidative stress in GDM.ConclusionIn conclusion, we innovatively revealed the relationship between ApoE and GDM oxidative stress among GDM patients in this study.
SOX4 induces drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating CYLD through transcriptional activation of microRNA‐17
Authors: Pan Shuang , Bao Dongyan , Li Yao , Liu Dahua , Quan Shuai , Wang Rong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExposure to high doses of anticancer drugs can induce the emergence of a subpopulation of weakly proliferative and drug‐tolerant cells. Drug tolerance can reduce the benefits obtained from canonical treatment and reduce the survival rate of patients. Regulation of SRY‐related HMG box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) has been proved to affect drug sensitivity. The current study aimed to explore the role of SOX4 in drug resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells as well as the related molecular mechanisms. Expression patterns of SOX4, microRNA‐17 (miR‐17), and CYLD in both CRC tissues and cells were determined with their relationship analyzed by bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and ChIP. Loss‐ and gain‐function assays were performed to ascertain the effect of SOX4, miR‐17, and CYLD on biological cellular processes and drug resistance to 5‐FU. SOX4 and miR‐17 were found to be highly expressed while CYLD was poorly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Silencing of SOX4 resulted in the suppression of cellular proliferation, invasion, migration as well as a reduction in CRC drug resistance. Mechanically, CYLD was specifically targeted by miR‐17, while SOX4 upregulated the expression of miR‐17. Functionally, SOX4 triggered drug resistance of CRC cells to 5‐FU through the miR‐17/CYLD axis. Taken together, the key findings of the present study provides evidence suggesting that SOX4 elevates miR‐17 to decrease CYLD, thus inducing chemotherapy resistance of CRC cells.
p65/RelA NF‐κB fragments generated by RIPK3 activity regulate tumorigenicity, cell metabolism, and stemness characteristics
Authors: Touil Yasmine , Latreche‐Carton Céline , Bouazzati Hassiba El , Nugues Anne‐Lucie , Jouy Nathalie , Thuru Xavier , Laine William , Lepretre Frederic , Figeac Martin , Tardivel Meryem , Kluza Jérôme , Idziorek Thierry , Quesnel Bruno 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReceptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) can induce necroptosis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation and is silenced in several hematological malignancies. We previously reported that RIPK3 activity independent of its kinase domain induces caspase‐mediated p65/RelA cleavage, resulting in N‐terminal 1‐361 and C‐terminal 362‐549 fragments. We show here that a noncleavable p65/RelA D361E mutant expressed in DA1‐3b leukemia cells decreases mouse survival times and that coexpression of p65/RelA fragments increases the tumorigenicity of B16F1 melanoma cells. This aggressiveness in vivo did not correlate with NF‐κB activity measured in vitro. The fragments and p65/RelA D361E mutant induced different expression profiles in DA1‐3b and B16F1 cells. Stemness markers were affected: p65/RelA D361E increased ALDH activity in DA1‐3b cells, and fragment expression increased melanoma sphere formation in B16/F1 cells. p65/RelA fragments and the D361E noncleavable mutant decreased oxidative or glycolytic cell metabolism, with differences observed between models. Thus, p65/RelA cleavage initiated by kinase‐independent RIPK3 activity in cancer cells is not neutral and induces pleiotropic effects in vitro and in vivo that may vary across tumor types.
COVID‐19 in our lives: Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, and reflexivity in present concerns and perception of the future
Authors: Gattino Silvia , Rizzo Marco , Gatti Flora , Compare Christian , Procentese Fortuna , Guarino Antonella , Di Napoli Immacolata , Barbieri Irene , Fedi Angela , Aresi Giovanni , Marta Elena , Marzana Daniela , Prati Gabriele , Rochira Alessia , Tzankova Iana , Albanesi Cinzia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the association between citizens' perceptions of the effectiveness of the institutional response, their connection and responsibility to their community (Sense of Community—SoC; Sense of Community Responsibility—SoC‐R), and their personal and social concerns about the current emergency and their perceptions of a postpandemic future during the first COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. Another variable considered was the personal reflexivity about the COVID‐19 pandemic. 3925 Italian adults completed an online questionnaire during the first COVID‐19 lockdown. A structural equation model with mediation was tested. Institutional effectiveness was associated with SoC, SoC‐R, current social concerns, and perceptions of a postpandemic future. SoC and SoC‐R were associated with current personal and social concerns, and perceptions of a postpandemic future. Reflexivity was negatively associated with SoC and positively associated with SoC‐R, mediating the relationships between SoC, SoC‐R and current personal and social concerns and perceptions of a postpandemic future. Findings indicate the need to adopt a perspective that considers individual and socio‐political levels and their interaction to better understand the impact of the pandemic during a national lockdown.
Transcription factor GlbHLH regulates hyphal growth, stress resistance, and polysaccharide biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Yang Yingyin , Zhang Yifan , He Jiahao , Wu Qingping , Li Yanzeng , Li Weipeng , Zhou Gaoli , Kamol Rajabov , Yang Xiaobing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBasic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) participate in many physiological and cellular processes in eukaryotes. However, their functions remain unclear in the macro basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). In this study, a gene encoding bHLH TF, GlbHLH, was identified in G. lucidum. The knockdown of GlbHLH by RNA interference reduced hyphal growth, hyphal branching, and resistant to osmotic, oxidative, and cell wall stress. The content of cell wall components β‐1,3 glucan and chitin and the expression of their synthesis genes were decreased in the GlbHLH knockdown strains. The knockdown of GlbHLH led to an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species by decreasing the enzyme activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the production of intracellular polysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides was greatly decreased in the GlbHLH mutants. These results suggested that GlbHLH is involved in hyphal growth, stress response, and polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. lucidum.
Variations in Eurasian surface air temperature over multiple timescales and their possible causes
Authors: Qiao Liang , Zuo Zhiyan , Xiao Dong , Bu Lulei , Zhang Kaiwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper uses monthly surface air temperature (SAT) data from the Climatic Research Unit dataset and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 multimodel ensemble simulations to investigate the variations in the annual‐mean and four seasons SAT across the Eurasian and North Africa landmasses and the possible causes. The SAT over multiple timescales has significant seasonal and regional differences. The trend, variance of decadal variation (DV), and variance of interannual variability (IV) show that the differences between Siberia and mid‐low latitudes are much larger in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The SAT exhibits a robust warming trend over Siberia in winter (0.21–0.42°C·decade−1) than over mid–low latitudes in summer (<0.07°C·decade−1). The cause is the combined diversity effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) and anthropogenic aerosols (AA) in four seasons over different regions. The warming trend of Siberia in winter is affected by the combination of strong warming effect by GHG and the weak cooling effect by AA, and the trend of mid–low latitudes in summer is opposite. The leading modes of the DV show a consistent spatial pattern over the whole Eurasia in four seasons while the IV show a meridional dipole pattern across 40°N except in summer. The internal climate variability is the main driver of the SAT IV and DV, but the effect of anthropogenic activity and natural forcing may reinforce the IV and DV in some regions. The combined role of GHG and AA forcings can significantly enlarge the DV in many parts of Eurasia, and the AA and natural forcing have significant effect on the IV in the high latitudes.