bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal choline supplementation during mouse pregnancy has differential effects in alcohol‐exposed fetal organs
Authors: Kwan Sze Ting (Cecilia) , Ricketts Dane K. , Presswood Brandon H. , Smith Susan M. , Mooney Sandra M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are preventable adverse outcomes consequent to prenatal alcohol exposure. Supplemental choline confers neuroprotection to the alcohol‐exposed offspring, but its actions outside the brain are unclear. We previously reported that prenatal exposure of mice to 4.5 g/kg of alcohol decreased placental weight in females only, but decreased body weight and liver‐to‐body weight ratio and increased brain‐to‐body weight ratio in both sexes. Here we test the hypotheses that a lower alcohol dose will elicit similar outcomes, and that concurrent choline treatment will mitigate these outcomes.MethodsPregnant C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with alcohol (3 g/kg; Alc) or maltodextrin (MD) from embryonic day (E) 8.5–17.5. Some also received a subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg choline chloride (Alc + Cho, MD + Cho). Outcomes were evaluated on E17.5.ResultsAlc dams had lower gestational weight gain than MD; this was normalized by choline. In males, Alc decreased placental weight whereas choline increased placental efficiency, and Alc + Cho (vs. MD) tended to further reduce placental weight and increase efficiency. Despite no significant alcohol effects on these measures, choline increased fetal body weight but not brain weight, thus reducing brain‐to‐body weight ratio in both sexes. This ratio was also lower in the Alc + Cho (vs. MD) fetuses. Alc reduced liver weight and the liver‐to‐body weight ratio; choline did not improve these. Placental weight and efficiency correlated with litter size, whereas placental efficiency correlated with fetal morphometric measurements.ConclusionsCholine prevents an alcohol‐induced reduction in gestational weight gain and fetal body weight and corrects fetal brain sparing, consistent with clinical findings of improvements in alcohol‐exposed children born to mothers receiving choline supplementation. Importantly, we show that choline enhances placental efficiency in the alcohol‐exposed offspring but does not normalize fetal liver growth. Our findings support choline supplementation during pregnancy to mitigate the severity of FASD and emphasize the need to examine choline's actions in different organ systems.
A systematic review of behavioural smoking cessation interventions for people with severe mental ill health—what works?
Authors: Spanakis Panagiotis , Peckham Emily , Young Ben , Heron Paul , Bailey Della , Gilbody Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPeople with severe mental ill health smoke more and suffer greater smoking‐related morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the effectiveness of behavioural interventions for smoking cessation in this group. This review evaluated randomized controlled trial evidence to measure the effectiveness of behavioural smoking cessation interventions (both digital and non‐digital) in people with severe mental ill health.DesignSystematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis. We searched between inception and January 2020 in Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Health Management Information Consortium and CENTRAL databases.Setting and participantsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of behavioural smoking cessation and reduction interventions in adults with severe mental ill health, conducted in any country, in either in‐patient or community settings and published in English.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was biochemically verified smoking cessation. Smoking reduction and changes in mental health symptoms and body mass index (BMI) were included as secondary outcomes. Narrative data synthesis and meta‐analysis were conducted and the quality of included studies was appraised using the risk of bias 2 (RoB2) tool.FindingsWe included 12 individual studies (16 articles) involving 1861 participants. The first meta‐analysis (three studies, 921 participants) demonstrated effectiveness of bespoke face‐to‐face interventions compared with usual care across all time‐points [medium‐term: relative risk (RR) = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38–3.81; long‐term: RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.09–2.30]. The second (three studies, 275 participants) did not demonstrate any difference in effectiveness of bespoke digital on‐line interventions compared with standard digital on‐line interventions (medium‐term: RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.17–4.46). A narrative overview revealed mixed results when comparing bespoke face‐to‐face interventions with other active interventions. The methodological quality of studies was mixed, with the majority having some concerns mainly around risk of selective reporting.ConclusionsFace‐to‐face bespoke smoking cessation interventions for adults with severe mental ill health appear to be effective when compared with treatment as usual, but evidence is equivocal when compared with other active interventions. There is limited evidence comparing bespoke digital interventions with generic interventions, and we found no studies comparing them with usual treatment.
Employment trajectories among those treated for alcohol use disorder: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Christiansen Solveig Glestad , Moan Inger Synnøve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsEmployment during and following treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is important for the individual's health and well‐being and for reducing the societal costs associated with benefit payments. Nonetheless, this is an under‐researched topic. This study aimed to identify trajectories of labour force participation among people enrolled in AUD treatment and describe the characteristics of those following contrasting pathways.DesignUsing trajectory analysis, we modelled employment trajectory groups among AUD patients during the year of treatment entry and the 4 subsequent years, applying Norwegian longitudinal register data.SettingNorway.ParticipantsPatients who entered treatment with AUD as the primary diagnosis during 2009 and 2010 (9000 patients, age 20–61 years).MeasurementsThe outcome variable ‘labour force attachment’ was measured as being in full‐time employment, partly employed, on temporary welfare benefits or on permanent disability pension. Predictors were age, gender, education and comorbid mental health and drug use disorders.FindingsWe distinguished six employment trajectories among AUD patients: 15.8% were on permanent disability pension throughout, 8.7% exited the labour force on permanent disability pension during the observation period, 32.1% had a medium attachment throughout follow‐up, and 9.2% had a decreasing attachment; 23.3% had a high labour force attachment throughout, and 10.9% experienced increasing attachment. High attachment throughout was negatively associated with being female (P < 0.001), having lower educational attainment (P < 0.001), and having comorbid mental health (P < 0.001) and drug use disorders (P < 0.001).ConclusionsNorwegian patients treated for alcohol use disorder in 2009 and 2010 followed six employment trajectories during the 5 years following treatment entry and had lower labour force participation than the general population. Nearly a quarter had a high labour force attachment throughout treatment, which was positively associated with being male, having higher educational attainment and having fewer comorbid mental health and drug use disorders.
Lifespace metrics of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia recorded via geolocation data
Authors: Liddle Jacki , Ireland David , Krysinska Karolina , Harrison Fleur , Lamont Robyn , Karunanithi Mohan , Kang Kristan , Reppermund Simone , Sachdev Perminder S. , Gustafsson Louise , Brauer Sandra , Pachana Nancy A. , Brodaty Henry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveLifespace, the physical area in which someone conducts life activities, indicates lived community mobility. This study explored the feasibility of technology‐based lifespace measurement for older people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including the generation of a range of lifespace metrics, and investigation of relationships with health and mobility status.MethodsAn exploratory study was conducted within a longitudinal observational study. Eighteen older adults (mean age 86.7 years (SD: 3.2); 8 men; 15 MCI), participated. Lifespace metrics were generated from geolocation data (GPS and Bluetooth beacon) collected through a smartphone application for one week (2015–2016). Cognitive and mobility‐related outcomes were compared from study data sets at baseline (2005–2007) and 6‐year follow‐up (2011–2014).ResultsLifespace data could be collected from all participants, and metrics were generated including percentage of time at home, maximum distance from home, episodes of travel in a week, days in a week participants left home, lifespace area (daily, weekly and total), indoor lifespace (regions in the home/hour), and a developed lifespace score that combined time, frequency of travel, distance and area. Results indicated a large range of lifespace areas (0.1 – 97.88 km2; median 6.77 km2) with similar patterns across lifespace metrics. Significant relationships were found between lifespace metrics and concurrent driving status and anteceding scores on the sit‐to‐stand test (at baseline and follow‐up).ConclusionsFurther longitudinal exploration of lifespace is required to develop an understanding of the nature of lifespace of older community‐dwelling people, and its relationship with health, mobility and well‐being outcomes.
Impact of past obstetric history and cervical excision on preterm birth rate
Authors: Collins Anna , Motiwale Tanushree , Barney Olivia , Dudbridge Frank , McParland Penelope C. , Moss Esther L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo determine the impact on preterm birth (PTB) of a history of large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)‐alone compared with a history of previous preterm birth‐alone (PPTB) or a history of both (LLETZ+PPTB). Secondary analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of antenatal interventions, depth of cervical excision, and patient risk factors on PTB rate in each cohort.Material and methodsA retrospective observational cohort study of women referred to a tertiary Antenatal Prematurity Prevention Clinic with a history of LLETZ, PPTB, or LLETZ+PPTB. Information was collated from routinely collected clinical data on patient demographics, previous obstetric history, LLETZ dimensions, antenatal investigations/interventions, and gestation at delivery.ResultsA total of 1231 women with singleton pregnancies were included, 543 with history of LLETZ‐alone, 607 with a history of PPTB‐alone and 81 with a history of LLETZ+PPTB. PTB rates were 8.8% in the LLETZ‐alone group, which mirrored the PTB rate in the local background obstetric population (8.9%) compared with 28.7% in the PPTB‐alone and 37.0% in the LLETZ+PPTB cohorts. PTB rates were higher in LLETZ cohorts treated with antenatal intervention (cervical cerclage or progesterone pessary) and there was no evidence of an effect of intervention on risk of PTB in post‐excision patients with identified shortened mid‐trimester cervical length. Logistic regression modeling identified PPTB as a strong predictor of recurrent PTB. Excision depth was correlated with gestation at delivery in the LLETZ‐alone group (r = −0.183, p < 0.01) although this only reached statistical significance at depths of 20 mm or more (odds ratio [OR] 3.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.11, p = 0.04). Depth of excision was not correlated with delivery gestation in the LLETZ+PPTB group (r = −0.031, p = 0.82).ConclusionsPPTB has a greater impact on subsequent PTB risk compared with depth of cervical excisional treatment. The value and nature of antenatal interventions should be investigated in the post‐excision population.
Changed definition of disease and broader screening criteria had little impact on prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Grønvall Lina , Skjeldestad Finn Egil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere are major controversies in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study evaluates the impact of the 2017 revised guidelines for GDM screening and a changed definition of GDM in Norway.Material and methodsWe used a case‐series design and included women with no pre‐pregnancy diabetes mellitus, who gave birth after gestational week 29 to a singleton fetus at the University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, or at a local maternity ward in Troms county, during the first 6 months of 2013 (before group, n = 676) and 2018 (after group, n = 673). Data were collected from antenatal records, maternal health information sheets, and electronic medical records (Partus). We assessed the screening criteria age, parity, pre‐pregnancy BMI, and ethnicity. Primary outcomes were change in size of the population eligible for GDM screening, screening adherence, and prevalence of GDM, and follow up of GDM (treatment and obstetric risk assessment at gestational week 36). Statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS with chi‐squared test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe proportion of women eligible for GDM screening increased from 46.4% in the before group to 67.6% in the after group (+45%) (p < 0.01). However, screening adherence among eligible women was only 28.3% and 49.2% in the before and after groups, respectively (p < 0.01). Among screened women, 16.9% (15/89) and 10.7% (24/224), respectively, were diagnosed with GDM, resulting in an overall estimated prevalence of 2.2% (15/676) and 3.6% (24/673). Among women diagnosed with GDM, 13.3% received no follow up in 2013 and this proportion was 20.8% in 2018. The remaining women underwent obstetric risk assessment at gestational week 36 as advised in the guidelines.ConclusionsThe introduction of broader screening criteria and a more liberal case definition increased the population eligible for GDM screening by 45%. The higher proportion of women screened resulted in an insignificant higher prevalence of GDM. Screening adherence was poor in both study groups. Stakeholders for obstetric care need to consolidate quality measures and revisit the screening algorithm.
Editorial: lymphocytic gastritis and its relationships with other gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Annibale Bruno , Falangone Francesca 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Genta et al and Genta & Sonnenberg papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16621 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16653
Glucose Awareness to Motivate and Enable Solutions (GAMES) in diabetes mellitus using flash glucose monitoring: A clinical programme
Authors: Yeoh Ester , Png Doanna , Koh Pei Ling , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi , Tan Hwee Huan , Ubeynarayana Chalani Udhyami , Subramaniam Tavintharan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThis real‐world observational clinical programme evaluated short and medium‐term effects of intermittent flash glucose monitoring on HbA1c, glycaemic variability and lifestyle behavioural changes.MethodsTwo first‐generation Libre flash glucose monitoring sensors were provided 3–4 months apart with a food, activity diary, user evaluation survey and treatment modification after each sensor wear. T‐tests were used to compare glucose variables within each sensor (week 1 vs. week 2) and between sensors (1st sensor vs. 2nd sensor). EasyGV software was used to calculate glycaemic variability.ResultsFrom 42 type 1 diabetes and 120 type 2 diabetes participants, there was no statistically significant change in mean HbA1c for participants with type 1 diabetes at 3–4 months after the 1st sensor but there was a statistically significant HbA1c reduction for participants with type 2 diabetes [−4 mmol/mol (−0.4%), p = 0.008], despite no statistically significant differences in carbohydrate intake, exercise frequency and duration. Greater reduction was seen in those with baseline HbA1c> 86 mmol/mol (10%) in both type 1 [−12 mmol/mol (−1.1%), p = 0.009] and type 2 diabetes [−11 mmol/mol (−1.0%), p = 0.001). Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes showed improvements in Glucose Management Indicator and percentage time‐above‐range when comparing week 1 versus week 2 of the same sensor. Higher scan frequency resulted in improved glycaemic parameters and certain measures of glycaemic variability. The majority of participants (85%) agreed that flash glucose monitoring is a useful device but only 60% were keen to use it for daily monitoring.ConclusionConstant feedback from flash glucose monitoring improves glycaemic parameters within the first week of wear. Intermittent use 3–4 months apart resulted in greater improvements for those with higher baseline HbA1c.
A model‐based simulation of glycaemic control and body weight when switching from semaglutide to 3.0‐ and 4.5‐mg doses of once‐weekly dulaglutide
Authors: Tham Lai San , Pantalone Kevin M. , Dungan Kathleen , Munir Kashif , Tang Cheng Cai , Konig Manige , Kwan Anita Y. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate HbA1c and body weight changes when semaglutide 0.5‐ or 1.0‐mg once‐weekly (QW) is switched to dulaglutide 3.0‐ or 4.5‐mg QW via exposure‐response modelling.MethodsHbA1c and body weight time‐course models were developed and validated with data from the SUSTAIN 1 to 10 trials for semaglutide and the AWARD‐11 trial for dulaglutide. Simulations were conducted for HbA1c and body weight over 52 weeks. In the initial 26 weeks, semaglutide was initiated at 0.25‐mg and titrated to 0.5‐ or 1.0‐mg QW via 4‐weekly stepwise titration, followed by 26 weeks of dulaglutide initiated at 0.75‐ or 1.5‐mg QW and escalated to 3.0‐ or 4.5‐mg QW via 4‐weekly stepwise titration.ResultsAt 26 weeks, model‐predicted mean changes from baseline in HbA1c and weight for semaglutide 0.5 mg were up to −1.55% and −3.44 kg, respectively. After switching to dulaglutide 3.0 mg, further reductions were 0.19% and 1.40 kg, respectively, at 52 weeks. Predicted mean HbA1c and weight changes for semaglutide 1.0 mg at 26 weeks were −1.84% and −4.96 kg, respectively; after switching to dulaglutide 4.5 mg, HbA1c was maintained with additional weight reduction of up to 0.57 kg at 52 weeks. Glycaemic control was preserved when switching from semaglutide 1.0 mg to dulaglutide 3.0 mg.ConclusionSwitching from semaglutide 0.5 mg to dulaglutide 3.0 or 4.5 mg with dose escalation potentially yields additional HbA1c and weight reductions; switching from semaglutide 1.0 mg to dulaglutide 4.5 mg may enhance weight loss.
Selective auditory attention within naturalistic scenes modulates reactivity to speech sounds
Authors: Renvall Hanna , Seol Jaeho , Tuominen Riku , Sorger Bettina , Riecke Lars , Salmelin Riitta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRapid recognition and categorization of sounds are essential for humans and animals alike, both for understanding and reacting to our surroundings and for daily communication and social interaction. For humans, perception of speech sounds is of crucial importance. In real life, this task is complicated by the presence of a multitude of meaningful non‐speech sounds. The present behavioural, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was set out to address how attention to speech versus attention to natural non‐speech sounds within complex auditory scenes influences cortical processing. The stimuli were superimpositions of spoken words and environmental sounds, with parametric variation of the speech‐to‐environmental sound intensity ratio. The participants' task was to detect a repetition in either the speech or the environmental sound. We found that specifically when participants attended to speech within the superimposed stimuli, higher speech‐to‐environmental sound ratios resulted in shorter sustained MEG responses and stronger BOLD fMRI signals especially in the left supratemporal auditory cortex and in improved behavioural performance. No such effects of speech‐to‐environmental sound ratio were observed when participants attended to the environmental sound part within the exact same stimuli. These findings suggest stronger saliency of speech compared with other meaningful sounds during processing of natural auditory scenes, likely linked to speech‐specific top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms activated during speech perception that are needed for tracking speech in real‐life‐like auditory environments.
Towards revealing the global diversity and community assembly of soil eukaryotes
Authors: Aslani Farzad , Geisen Stefan , Ning Daliang , Tedersoo Leho , Bahram Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil fungi, protists, and animals (i.e., the eukaryome) play a critical role in key ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, we lack a holistic understanding of the processes shaping the global distribution of the eukaryome. We conducted a molecular analysis of 193 composite soil samples spanning the world's major biomes. Our analysis showed that the importance of selection processes was higher in the community assemblage of smaller‐bodied and wider niche breadth organisms. Soil pH and mean annual precipitation were the primary determinants of the community structure of eukaryotic microbes and animals, respectively. We further found contrasting latitudinal diversity patterns and strengths for soil eukaryotic microbes and animals. Our results point to a potential link between body size and niche breadth of soil eukaryotes and the relative effect of ecological processes and environmental factors in driving their biogeographic patterns.
Christian Unity in the Middle East
Authors: Avakian Sylvie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Orthodox Metropolitan of Mount Lebanon, George Khodr, born in 1923, has played an important role in ecumenism and the ecumenical movement since the 1st Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Amsterdam in 1948, where he was made a member of the WCC youth commission. He is particularly remembered for his keynote address to the WCC central committee meeting in Addis Ababa in 1971 on “Christianity in a Pluralistic World: The Economy of the Holy Spirit,” at a time when the WCC was embarking on its programme of dialogue with peoples of living faiths and ideologies. This article explores the theological foundations of ecumenism in Khodr’s thought and theology, before turning to how he addresses the theological differences and the historical dilemmas that accompanied the history of the church and impaired East–West relations. In conclusion, the article argues that the model of “unity in diversity” as intended and conceived by Khodr best meets the conditions, the challenges, and the requirements for ecumenism in the contemporary Middle East.
The Seven Marks of the Unity of the Church
Authors: Heckel Ulrich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Letter to the Ephesians is the first biblical text to reflect on systematically, and even to undertake programmatically, the development of a hermeneutically reflected theology of unity for the worldwide church. Its relevance for current ecumenical discussions lies in the fact that it sets out seven characteristics for the unity of the church. Shaped by the theology of Ephesians, the Nicene‐Constantinopolitan Creed (381 CE) sets out four criteria in its affirmation of the “one holy catholic and apostolic Church.” Just as these four criteria were called notae ecclesiae, the seven statements about unity from Ephesians 4:4‐6 could also be called notae unitatis, seven marks of the unity of the church. These could provide an excellent basis for arriving at mutual understanding not only in Protestant–Roman Catholic dialogue but also within worldwide ecumenism.