bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning approach to needle insertion site identification for spinal anesthesia in obese patients
Authors: In Chan Jason Ju , Ma Jun , Leng Yusong , Tan Kok Kiong , Tan Chin Wen , Sultana Rehena , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , Sng Ban Leong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Ultrasonography for neuraxial anesthesia is increasingly being used to identify spinal structures and the identification of correct point of needle insertion to improve procedural success, in particular in obesity. We developed an ultrasound-guided automated spinal landmark identification program to assist anesthetists on spinal needle insertion point with a graphical user interface for spinal anesthesia.

Methods
Forty-eight obese patients requiring spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section were recruited in this prospective cohort study. We utilized a developed machine learning algorithm to determine the needle insertion point using automated spinal landmark ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine identifying the L3/4 interspinous space (longitudinal view) and the posterior complex of dura mater (transverse view). The demographic and clinical characteristics were also recorded.

Results
The first attempt success rate for spinal anesthesia was 79.1% (38/48) (95%CI 65.0 - 89.5%), followed by successful second attempt of 12.5% (6/48), third attempt of 4.2% (2/48) and 4th attempt (4.2% or 2/48). The scanning duration of L3/4 interspinous space and the posterior complex were 21.0 [IQR: 17.0, 32.0] secs and 11.0 [IQR: 5.0, 22.0] secs respectively. There is good correlation between the program recorded depth of the skin to posterior complex and clinician measured depth (r = 0.915).

Conclusions
The automated spinal landmark identification program is able to provide assistance to needle insertion point identification in obese patients. There is good correlation between program recorded and clinician measured depth of the skin to posterior complex of dura mater. Future research may involve imaging algorithm improvement to assist with needle insertion guidance during neuraxial anesthesia.

Trial registration
This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT03687411) on 22 Aug 2018.
Mediation analysis methods used in observational research: a scoping review and recommendations
Authors: Rijnhart Judith J. M. , Lamp Sophia J. , Valente Matthew J. , MacKinnon David P. , Twisk Jos W. R. , Heymans Martijn W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMediation analysis methodology underwent many advancements throughout the years, with the most recent and important advancement being the development of causal mediation analysis based on the counterfactual framework. However, a previous review showed that for experimental studies the uptake of causal mediation analysis remains low. The aim of this paper is to review the methodological characteristics of mediation analyses performed in observational epidemiologic studies published between 2015 and 2019 and to provide recommendations for the application of mediation analysis in future studies.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for observational epidemiologic studies published between 2015 and 2019 in which mediation analysis was applied as one of the primary analysis methods. Information was extracted on the characteristics of the mediation model and the applied mediation analysis method.ResultsWe included 174 studies, most of which applied traditional mediation analysis methods (n = 123, 70.7%). Causal mediation analysis was not often used to analyze more complicated mediation models, such as multiple mediator models. Most studies adjusted their analyses for measured confounders, but did not perform sensitivity analyses for unmeasured confounders and did not assess the presence of an exposure-mediator interaction.ConclusionsTo ensure a causal interpretation of the effect estimates in the mediation model, we recommend that researchers use causal mediation analysis and assess the plausibility of the causal assumptions. The uptake of causal mediation analysis can be enhanced through tutorial papers that demonstrate the application of causal mediation analysis, and through the development of software packages that facilitate the causal mediation analysis of relatively complicated mediation models.
Prediction model for the onset risk of impaired fasting glucose: a 10-year longitudinal retrospective cohort health check-up study
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Wang Liangxu , Su Yanli , Zhong Li , Peng Bin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a prediabetic condition. Considering that the clinical symptoms of IFG are inconspicuous, these tend to be easily ignored by individuals, leading to conversion to diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we established a prediction model for the onset risk of IFG in the Chongqing health check-up population to provide a reference for prevention in a health check-up cohort.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study in Chongqing, China from January 2009 to December 2019. The qualified subjects were more than 20 years old and had more than two health check-ups. After following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the cohort population was randomly divided into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 7:3. We first selected the predictor variables through the univariate generalized estimation equation (GEE), and then the training set was used to establish the IFG risk model based on multivariate GEE. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to verify the performance of the model.

Results
A total of 4,926 subjects were included in this study, with an average of 3.87 check-up records, including 2,634 males and 2,292 females. There were 442 IFG cases during the follow-up period, including 286 men and 156 women. The incidence density was 26.88/1000 person-years for men and 18.53/1000 person-years for women (P<0.001). The predictor variables of our prediction model include male (relative risk (RR) =1.422, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.923-2.193, P=0.3849), age (RR=1.030, 95 %CI: 1.016-1.044, P<0.0001), waist circumference (RR=1.005, 95 %CI: 0.999-1.012, P=0.0975), systolic blood pressure (RR=1.004, 95 %CI: 0.993-1.016, P=0.4712), diastolic blood pressure (RR=1.023, 95 %CI: 1.005-1.041, P=0.0106), obesity (RR=1.797, 95 %CI: 1.126-2.867, P=0.0140), triglycerides (RR=1.107, 95 %CI: 0.943-1.299, P=0.2127), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RR=0.992, 95 %CI: 0.476-2.063, P=0.9818), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RR=1.793, 95 %CI: 1.085-2.963, P=0.0228), blood urea (RR=1.142, 95 %CI: 1.022-1.276, P=0.0192), serum uric acid (RR=1.004, 95 %CI: 1.002-1.005, P=0.0003), total cholesterol (RR=0.674, 95 %CI: 0.403-1.128, P=0.1331), and serum creatinine levels (RR=0.960, 95 %CI: 0.945-0.976, P<0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the training set was 0.740 (95 %CI: 0.712-0.768), and the AUC in the test set was 0.751 (95 %CI: 0.714-0.817).

Conclusions
The prediction model for the onset risk of IFG had good predictive ability in the health check-up cohort.
Factors related to autonomy among Lebanese women: a web-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bou Malhab Sandrella , Sacre Hala , Malaeb Diana , Lahoud Nathalie , Khachman Dalia , Azzi Joelle , Haddad Chadia , Salameh Pascale 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutonomy involves making independent decisions and creating lasting and equitable power relationships within families. Many factors, dependent on both the woman and her partner, can influence self-dependence, and subsequent decision-making, exerting a protective or triggering effect on its development. Therefore, the primary objective of the study was to assess autonomy in a sample of Lebanese women. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic status, psychological factors, and autonomy.MethodsA web based cross-sectional online study was conducted between June 8 and August 1, 2020. The questionnaire developed on Google Forms was distributed through social media and WhatsApp groups, using the snowball technique. The Women’s Autonomy Index (WAI) was created using three items adapted from a previous study. In addition, the Composite Abuse Scale Revised—Short Form (CASR-SF) was used to assess three domains of abuse: physical, sexual, and psychological. The Perceived stress scale short version to measure stress perception, the Lebanese Anxiety Scale to measure anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25 was used for data analysis. Linear regressions were performed, taking the Women’s Autonomy Index as the dependent variable.ResultsThe sample consisted of 369 Lebanese women.University education level (beta = 1.263), alcohol consumption (beta = 0.586), intermediate income level (beta = 0.702), high income (beta = 0.911), employment (beta = 0.559), and older age (beta = 0.033) were significantly associated with higher WAI. Living in South Lebanon (beta = − 0.668) and being Druze (beta = − 323) were associated with lower WAI. Significantly higher mean scores of anxiety and perceived stress were found among women with low autonomy.ConclusionIn Lebanon, the autonomy of women depends on several personal and partner-related characteristics (education, socioeconomic status, age), in addition to the cultural (geographic and religious) environment. Furthermore, low autonomy is associated with higher perceived stress and anxiety and probable depression and domestic abuse.
Clinical analysis of metastatic characteristics of infrapyloric lymph nodes (No.206) and terminal ileum lymph nodes in patients with right colon cancer
Authors: Liu Jiangrui , Su Yibin , Liu Xing , Zhuang Jinfu , Yang Yuanfeng , Guan Guoxian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
D3 or complete mesocolic excision (CME) surgery has become a common surgical procedure for the treatment of colon cancer metastasis. Clinical misuse and overuse of lymph node dissection bring unnecessary burdens to patients. A detailed guidance for lymph node dissection in patients with T3 and T4 stage right colon cancer at different locations is urgently needed.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed. Patients received D3 or CME surgery were divided into ileocecal group, ascending colon group, and hepatic flexure group according to the 9th edition of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum guidelines. The distributions of lymph node metastases were analyzed according to tumor infiltration depth (T stage) and tumor location.

Results
The incidence of metastases in the paracolic area (or station), intermediate area, and main (or central) area was 38.4% (139/362), 12.7% (46/362), and 9.7% (35/362), respectively. The proportion of patients having No.206 and terminal ileum lymph nodes metastases was 7.7% (14/181) and 3.7% (9/244), respectively. No.206 lymph node metastasis is related to tumor location (χ2 = 7.955, p = 0.019) and degree of differentiation (χ2 = 18.99, p = 0.000), and terminal ileum lymph node metastasis is related to tumor location (χ2 = 6.273, p = 0.043). Patients with T3/T4 hepatic flexure cancer received radical right hemicolectomy in addition to No.206 lymph node dissection.

Conclusion
Radical right hemicolectomy and No.206 group lymph node dissection are necessary for T3 and T4 stage colon cancer therapy.
Green bonds as an instrument for financing in Europe
Authors: Frydrych Sylwia 
Published: October 2021

Motivation: The interest in sustainable, socially, environmentally and climatically stable development of the economy is growing. At the same time, issuers and investors are looking for financial instruments with which they can achieve their investment goals. The idea of the green bond market is to develop debt instruments in financing projects contributing to ecologically sustainable development, which should have a direct impact on the development of technologies and practices in the area of resource use that contribute to limiting adverse climate change. Bonds for financing or refinancing renewable energy sources and increasing energy efficiency are seen as a natural part of the transformation of the global economy.
Aim: The purpose of the article is to present an analysis and goals of green bond market in Europe based on currency of issue, geographic structure, issue period, sectors and issue targets as well as major stock exchanges on which green bonds are listed.
Results: Relevant data on the green bond market in Europe was analyzed and the objectives of issuing green debt finance in particular sectors by number of emission were identified. It was verified that green bonds, which are listed only on one stock exchange, mainly the Scandinavian one, have a lower average value of the issue.
From dissemination to engagement: learning over time from a national research intermediary centre (Four Fs)
Authors: Lamont Tara , Maxwell Elaine 
Published: October 2021

Background:There has been little applied learning from organisations engaged in making evidence useful for decision makers. More focus has been given either to the work of individuals as knowledge brokers or to theoretical frameworks on embedding evidence. More intelligence is needed on the practice of knowledge intermediation.
Aims and objectives:This paper describes the evolution of approaches by one UK Centre to promote and embed evidence in health and care services. This is not a formal evaluation, given the lack of critical distance by authors who led work at the Centre, but a reflective analysis which may be helpful for other evidence intermediary bodies.
Conclusions:We analyse the founding conditions and theoretical context at the start of our activity and describe four activities we developed over time. These were filter (screening research for relevance and quality); forge (engaging stakeholders in interpreting evidence); fuse (knowledge brokering with hybrid teams); and fulfil (sustained interaction with implementation partners). We reflect on the tensions between rigour and relevance in the evidence we shared and the way in which our approaches evolved from a programme of evidence outputs to greater focus on sustained engagement and deliberative activities to make sense of evidence and reach wider audiences. Over the lifetime of the Centre, we moved from linear and relational modes towards systems type approaches to embed and mobilise evidence.
Migration and interbirth transition rate using Benin Demographic and Health Survey data: Does episode-splitting matter?
Authors: Banougnin Boladé Hamed , Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo , Olakunle Abibatou Agbéké 
Published: October 2021

Background
The relationship between migration and fertility has vexed demographers for years. One issue missing in the literature is the lack of careful temporal consideration of when women migrate and specifically, the extent to which they do either before or after live births.

Objective
Here, we opt for a more appropriate methodological approach to help remedy the complexity of the temporal aspect of migration and childbirth processes: regression models using the episode-splitting method.

Methods
This paper applies a rarely used methodological approach (episode-splitting) in the literature of migration-fertility relationship to investigate how internal in-migration is associated with inter-birth intervals among women in Cotonou, the largest city of Benin. Data comes from the 2017–2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of women aged 15–49. Estimates from exponential regression models with episode-splitting were compared to estimates from exponential regression models without episode-splitting approach. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the robustness of the comparison between the two methods. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) were used to identify the method that provides models with best fit.

Results
The results from (standard) exponential regression models without episode-splitting show that there is no significant association between migration and interbirth transition rate. However, significant associations between migration and interbirth transition rate emerge after applying the episode splitting method. The hazard ratios (HR) of the transition to the next live birth are higher among migrant women than among nonmigrant women. This trend is persistent even after 10 years spent in Cotonou by migrant women.

Conclusion
Exponential regression models with episode-splitting were of better fit than exponential regression models without episode-splitting. Sensitivity analysis conducted seems to confirm that models with episode-splitting produce estimates that are accurate, reliable and superior to models without episode-splitting. The results suggest a long-run process adaptation of migrants to lower fertility behaviours in Cotonou and are therefore consistent with the socialization hypothesis.
Ceramic, Art and Civilisation, Paul Greenhalgh (2020)
Authors: McLaren Graham 
Published: October 2021

Review of: Ceramic, Art and Civilisation, Paul Greenhalgh (2020)
London: Bloomsbury, 512 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47423-979-7, h/bk, £30.00;
ISBN 978-1-47423-972-1, ePDF, £27.00;
ISBN 978-1-47423-973-8, eBook, £27.00
The Material Culture of Basketry: Practice, Skill and Embodied Knowledge, Stephanie Bunn and Victoria Mitchell (eds) (2021)
Authors: Bertram Greta 
Published: October 2021

Review of: The Material Culture of Basketry: Practice, Skill and Embodied Knowledge, Stephanie Bunn and Victoria Mitchell (eds) (2021)
London and New York: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 286 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35009-403-1, h/bk, £85.00
Hörmander Fourier multiplier theorems with optimal Besov regularity on multi-parameter Hardy spaces
Authors: Chen Jiao , Huang Liang , Lu Guozhen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We will establish the boundedness of the Fourier multiplier operator

T
m

⁢
f

T_{m}f

on multi-parameter Hardy spaces

H
p

⁢

(

R

n
1

×
⋯
×

R

n
r

)

H^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{r}})

(

0
<
p
≤
1

0<p\leq 1

) when the multiplier 𝑚 is of optimal smoothness in multi-parameter Besov spaces

B

2
,
q

(

s
1

,
…
,

s
r

)

⁢

(

R

n
1

×
⋯
×

R

n
r

)

B^{{(s_{1},\ldots,s_{r})}}_{2,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{r}})

, where

T
m

⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

=

∫

R

n
1

×
⋯
×

R

n
r

m
⁢

(
ξ
)

⁢

f
^

⁢

(
ξ
)

⁢

e

2
⁢
π
⁢
i
⁢
x

⋅
ξ

⁢

d
ξ

T_{m}f(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{r}}}m(\xi)\hat{f}(\xi)e^{2\pi ix\cdot\xi}\,d\xi

for

x
∈

R

n
1

×
⋯
×

R

n
r

x\in{\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{r}}}

.
We will show

∥

T
m

∥

H
p

→

H
p

≲

sup

j
1

,
…
,

j
r

∈
Z

⁡

∥

m

j
1

,
…
,

j
r

∥

B

2
,
q

(

s
1

,
…
,

s
r

)

,

\lVert T_{m}\rVert_{H^{p}\to H^{p}}\lesssim\sup_{j_{1},\ldots,j_{r}\in\mathbb{Z}}\lVert m_{j_{1},\ldots,j_{r}}\rVert_{B^{{(s_{1},\ldots,s_{r})}}_{2,q}},

where

0
<
q
<
∞

0<q<\infty

and

s
i

>

n
i

⁢

(

1
p

-

1
2

)

s_{i}>n_{i}\bigl{(}\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{2}\bigr{)}

.
Here we have used the notation

m

j
1

,
…
,

j
r

⁢

(
ξ
)

=

m
⁢

(

2

j
1

⁢

ξ
1

,
…
,

2

j
r

⁢

ξ
r

)

⁢

ψ

(
1
)

⁢

(

ξ
1

)

⁢
⋯
⁢

ψ

(
r
)

⁢

(

ξ
r

)

,

m_{j_{1},\ldots,j_{r}}(\xi)=m(2^{j_{1}}\xi_{1},\ldots,2^{j_{r}}\xi_{r})\psi^{(1)}(\xi_{1})\cdots\psi^{(r)}(\xi_{r}),

and

ψ

(
i
)

⁢

(

ξ
i

)

\psi^{(i)}(\xi_{i})

is a suitable cut-off function on

R

n
i

\mathbb{R}^{n_{i}}

for

1
≤
i
≤
r

1\leq i\leq r

.
This multi-parameter Hörmander multiplier theorem is in the spirit of the earlier work of Baernstein and Sawyer in the one-parameter setting and sharpens our recent result of Hörmander multiplier theorem in the bi-parameter case which was established using R. Fefferman’s boundedness criterion.
Because R. Fefferman’s boundedness criterion fails in the cases of three or more parameters, it is substantially more difficult to establish such Hörmander multiplier theorems in three or more parameters than in the bi-parameter case.
To assume only the optimal smoothness on the multipliers, delicate and hard analysis on the sharp estimates of the square functions on arbitrary atoms are required.
Our main theorems give the boundedness on the multi-parameter Hardy spaces under the smoothness assumption of the multipliers in multi-parameter Besov spaces and show the regularity conditions to be sharp.
3-M syndrome – a primordial short stature disorder with novel CUL7 mutation in two Indian patients
Authors: Akella Radha Rama Devi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the cause of short stature in children.

Case presentation
Two children with suspected skeletal dysplasia and short stature were evaluated.

Conclusions
The 3-M syndrome is a primordial growth disorder manifesting severe postnatal growth restriction, skeletal anomalies and prominent fleshy heels. The 3-M syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the phenotype is similar. This is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with normal intellect. Two affected children have been identified by whole-exome sequencing. One patient harboured a compound heterozygous variant and the other was a homozygous missense variant. The genetic diagnosis helped in counselling the families and facilitated prenatal diagnosis in one (case 1) family.
Effect of patch dimension and fiber orientation on non-linear buckling of hybrid composites
Authors: Erdem Serkan , Gur Mustafa , Kaman Mete Onur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, first circular hole layered hybrid composite plates were repaired by wet patch method, and then buckling behavior was investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experimental study, composite plates were produced by vacuum infusion method using hybrid fabrics made of carbon and aramid. Circular holes were drilled in the produced plates and then these holes were repaired with the same material. In the wet patch repair method, wet hybrid fabrics impregnated with epoxy resin were placed around the hole and then this area was subjected to pressure and temperature by vacuum infusion method. In experimental tests, pressure force was applied to the fixed sides and force-displacement graphs were obtained. In a numerical study, non-linear buckling analysis was performed by creating numerical models of plates and patches using the finite element method. As a result, experimental and numerical load-displacement graphs were obtained in accordance with pre- and post-buckling. Thanks to the repair in accordance with practical applications, no interface debonding damage occurred in ideal samples. Increasing the patch length from 30 mm to 40 mm increased the maximum damage load by 6 %, while increasing the patch length to 50 mm increased damage load by 12 %. Increasing the patch thickness from 0.65 mm to 1.1 mm increased the load by 67 %, while increasing it to 2.16 mm increased the load to 247 %. Fiber orientation was found to be a more influencing factor in critical buckling and damage load than the ply sequence.