bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding light on neuroscience: Two decades of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy applications and advances from a bibliometric perspective
Authors: Devezas Miguel Ângelo Monteiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical brain‐imaging technique that detects changes in hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. fNIRS devices are safe, silent, portable, robust against motion artifacts, and have good temporal resolution. fNIRS is reliable and trustworthy, as well as an alternative and a complement to other brain‐imaging modalities, such as electroencephalography or functional magnetic resonance imaging. Given these advantages, fNIRS has become a well‐established tool for neuroscience research, used not only for healthy cortical activity but also as a biomarker during clinical assessment in individuals with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and cancer screening. Owing to its wide applicability, studies on fNIRS have increased exponentially over the last two decades. In this study, scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science databases were collected and a bibliometric‐type methodology was developed. For this purpose, a comprehensive science mapping analysis, including top‐ranked authors, journals, institutions, countries, and co‐occurring keywords network, was conducted. From a total of 2310 eligible documents, 6028 authors and 531 journals published fNIRS‐related papers, Fallgatter published the highest number of articles and was the most cited author. University of Tübingen in Germany has produced the most trending papers since 2000. USA was the most prolific country with the most active institutions, followed by China, Japan, Germany, and South Korea. The results also revealed global trends in emerging areas of research, such as neurodevelopment, aging, and cognitive and emotional assessment.
Family changes and the willingness to take risks
Authors: Browne Mark J. , Jäger Verena , Richter Andreas , Steinorth Petra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEconomic decisions frequently entail choices in the presence of risk. Decisions to purchase insurance, to save, to invest, and to pursue an education are all choices that may involve some degree of risk, just to name a few. We analyze the impact of changes in family structure on individuals' willingness to take risk (WTR). We find evidence that separating from a partner is associated with an increase in the WTR; while the birth of a first child is associated with a decrease in the WTR. Interestingly, these changes are temporary and the WTR returns to the level observed before the family event within 1–2 years following the event. Married individuals are more risk averse and this does not change with the passage of time of the actual wedding. Providing long term care is also associated with a higher WTR.
Real world SOF/VEL/VOX retreatment outcomes and viral resistance analysis for HCV patients with prior failure to DAA therapy
Authors: Smith David A. , Bradshaw Daniel , Mbisa Jean L , Manso Carmen F. , Bibby David F , Singer Joshua B , Thomson Emma C , da Silva Filipe Ana , Aranday‐Cortes Elihu , Ansari M. Azim , Brown Anthony , Hudson Emma , Benselin Jennifer , Healy Brendan , Troke Phil , McLauchlan John , Barnes Eleanor , Irving William L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSustained viral response (SVR) rates for direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection routinely exceed 95%. However, a small number of patients require retreatment. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) is a potent DAA combination primarily used for the retreatment of patients who failed by DAA therapies. Here we evaluate retreatment outcomes and the effects of resistance‐associated substitutions (RAS) in a real‐world cohort, including a large number of genotype (GT)3 infected patients. 144 patients from the UK were retreated with SOF/VEL/VOX following virologic failure with first‐line DAA treatment regimens. Full‐length HCV genome sequencing was performed prior to retreatment with SOF/VEL/VOX. HCV subtypes were assigned and RAS relevant to each genotype were identified. GT1a and GT3a each made up 38% (GT1a n = 55, GT3a n = 54) of the cohort. 40% (n = 58) of patients had liver cirrhosis of whom 7% (n = 4) were decompensated, 10% (n = 14) had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 8% (n = 12) had received a liver transplant prior to retreatment. The overall retreatment SVR12 rate was 90% (129/144). On univariate analysis, GT3 infection (50/62; SVR = 81%, p = .009), cirrhosis (47/58; SVR = 81%, p = .01) and prior treatment with SOF/VEL (12/17; SVR = 71%, p = .02) or SOF+DCV (14/19; SVR = 74%, p = .012) were significantly associated with retreatment failure, but existence of pre‐retreatment RAS was not when viral genotype was taken into account. Retreatment with SOF/VEL/VOX is very successful for non‐GT3‐infected patients. However, for GT3‐infected patients, particularly those with cirrhosis and failed by initial SOF/VEL treatment, SVR rates were significantly lower and alternative retreatment regimens should be considered.
Hepatitis B virus–induced hepatocarcinogenesis: A virological and oncological perspective
Authors: Arslan Ferhat , Franci Gianluigi , Maria Nastri Bianca , Pagliano Pasquale 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double‐stranded DNA virus associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The viral integration into the hepatocyte genome, the viral protein‐induced oncogenesis, the increased hepatocyte turnover and the chronic inflammatory response towards HBV are all hypothesized mechanisms for the development of HCC. The fact that HBV infection and HCC prevalence show different correlations in various regions of the world indicates that there may be virus‐independent phenomena for cancer development in these regions. From this point of view, it is important to review our knowledge and to examine the relationship between HBV and HCC in the light of current data. In this article, we investigate the relationship between HBV and HCC by presenting epidemiological and microbiological data, accompanied by the principles of viral oncogenesis.
The genomics of phenotypically differentiated Asellusaquaticus cave, surface stream and lake ecotypes
Authors: Bakovic Vid , Martin Cerezo Maria Luisa , Höglund Andrey , Fogelholm Jesper , Henriksen Rie , Hargeby Anders , Wright Dominic 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganisms well suited for the study of ecotype formation have wide distribution ranges, where they adapt to multiple drastically different habitats repeatedly over space and time. Here we study such ecotypes in a Crustacean model, Asellus aquaticus, a commonly occurring isopod found in freshwater habitats as diverse as streams, caves and lakes. Previous studies focusing on cave vs. surface ecotypes have attributed depigmentation, eye loss and prolonged antennae to several south European cave systems. Likewise, surveys across multiple Swedish lakes have identified the presence of dark‐pigmented "reed" and light‐pigmented "stonewort" ecotypes, which can be found within the same lake. In this study, we sequenced the first draft genome of A. aquaticus, and subsequently use this to map reads and call variants in surface stream, cave and two lake ecotypes. In addition, the draft genome was combined with a RADseq approach to perform a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study using a laboratory bred F2 and F4 cave × surface intercross. We identified genomic regions associated with body pigmentation, antennae length and body size. Furthermore, we compared genome‐wide differentiation between natural populations and found several genes potentially associated with these habitats. The assessment of the cave QTL regions in the light–dark comparison of lake populations suggests that the regions associated with cave adaptation are also involved with genomic differentiation in the lake ecotypes. These demonstrate how troglomorphic adaptations can be used as a model for related ecotype formation.
Do allergic clinical manifestations increase the risk of behavioral problems in children? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yamaguchi Chikae , Ebara Takeshi , Futamura Masaki , Ohya Yukihiro , Asano Midori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with allergic clinical manifestations tend to have behavioral or emotional problems such as hyperactivity or worse mental health. However, previous studies on this association did not adequately adjust for confounders like parenting stress, demographic characteristics, or allergy presentation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood allergic clinical manifestations and behavioral problems, adjusting for confounders such as demographic characteristics, parenting stress, and allergy‐related variables.MethodsWe conducted an online cross‐sectional survey among caregivers of children aged 2–6 years (n = 633). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to determine children's behavioral characteristics as the primary outcome. Allergic clinical manifestations, wheeze, rash, and nose symptoms were the exposure variables. Associations were estimated using logistic regression analyses with propensity scores to adjust for confounders.ResultsWe analyzed 633 caregivers of children aged 2–6 years (valid rate, 61.5%). Univariate analyses showed that wheezing was associated with conduct problems (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.01–2.16), a behavioral component of the SDQ. Rash was also associated with hyperactivity (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02–2.57). Furthermore, nose symptoms were associated with conduct problems (OR = 1.65, 95% CI:1.16–2.33) and emotional symptoms (OR=1.62, 95% CI:1.06–2.45). After adjusting for potential confounders, wheezing (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.04–2.75) and nose symptoms (adjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05–2.34) remained associated with conduct problems.ConclusionsThis study revealed that a history of wheezing and nose symptoms in children is associated with an increased risk of behavioral problems, in particular, conduct problems.
Pediatric mediastinal mass algorithm: A quality improvement initiative to reduce time from presentation to biopsy
Authors: Fleming Jamie M. , Ross Savannah , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Coughlin Rebecca , Crombleholme Timothy M. , Mong David A. , Hilden Joanne , Maloney Kelly , Tan Gee Mei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMediastinal masses in children may present with compression of the great vessels and airway. An interdisciplinary plan for rapid diagnosis, acute management, and treatment prevents devastating outcomes and optimizes care. Emergency pretreatment with steroids or radiation is more likely to be administered when care is variable, which may delay and complicate diagnosis and treatment. Strategies to standardize care and expedite diagnosis may improve acute patient safety and long‐term outcomes.AimsThe aim of this quality improvement project was to decrease time from presentation to diagnostic biopsy for children with an anterior mediastinal mass by 50% over 3 years within a tertiary healthcare system.MethodsThis quality improvement project involved a single center with data collected and analyzed retrospectively and prospectively for 71 patients presenting with anterior mediastinal mass between February 2008 and January 2018. The Model for Improvement was utilized for project design and development of a driver diagram and smart aim. An algorithm was implemented to facilitate communication between teams and standardize initial care of patients with mediastinal masses. The algorithm underwent multiple Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles. Data were collected before and after algorithm implementation and between each PDSA cycle. The primary outcome measure included time from presentation to biopsy, which was monitored with a statistical process control chart. Several process measures were evaluated with Student's t‐tests including administration of emergency pretreatment.ResultsNineteen patients preintervention and 52 patients postintervention were included in the analysis. Time from presentation to biopsy significantly decreased from 48 h at baseline to 24 h postimplementation. Although not statistically significant, emergency pretreatment decreased from a baseline of 26.3% to 6.7% postimplementation.ConclusionImplementation of a diagnostic and management algorithm coordinating care among multidisciplinary teams significantly reduced time to biopsy for children presenting with mediastinal mass and may result in decreased use of emergent pretreatment.
The use of short‐term debt by general‐purpose governments
Authors: Lofton Michelle L. , Kioko Sharon N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes local government use of short‐term debt. Though long‐term debt, largely used for capital projects, is relatively well‐researched, predictors for the use of short‐term debt need to be further developed. We hypothesize that governments with limited cash reserves and expenditure flexibility are more likely to use short‐term debt. Further, we expect that governments use short‐term debt as an instrument to manage market timing for long‐term debt. Using a heterogeneous sample of New York local governments, our analysis finds more illiquidity, declining prior year surplus, more salary expenditures, larger capital spending, and the timing of long‐term debt increase the likelihood of using short‐term debt.
Impact of institutional routine surveillance endomyocardial biopsy frequency in the first year on rejection and graft survival in pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Duong Son Q. , Zhang Yulin , Hall Matt , Hollander Seth A. , Thurm Cary W. , Bernstein Daniel , Feingold Brian , Godown Justin , Almond Christopher 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine surveillance biopsy (RSB) is performed to detect asymptomatic acute rejection (AR) after heart transplantation (HT). Variation in pediatric RSB across institutions is high. We examined center‐based variation in RSB and its relationship to graft loss, AR, coronary artery vasculopathy (CAV), and cost of care during the first year post‐HT.MethodsWe linked the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR, 2002–2016), including all primary‐HT aged 0–21 years. We characterized centers by RSB frequency (defined as median biopsies performed among recipients aged ≥12 months without rejection in the first year). We adjusted for potential confounders and center effects with mixed‐effects regression analysis.ResultsWe analyzed 2867 patients at 29 centers. After adjusting for patient and center differences, increasing RSB frequency was associated with diagnosed AR (OR 1.15 p = 0.004), a trend toward treated AR (OR 1.09 p = 0.083), and higher hospital‐based cost (US$390 315 vs. $313 248, p < 0.001) but no difference in graft survival (HR 1.00, p = 0.970) or CAV (SHR 1.04, p = 0.757) over median follow‐up 3.9 years. Center RSB‐frequency threshold of ≥2/year was associated with increased unadjusted rates of treated AR, but no association was found at thresholds greater than this.ConclusionCenter RSB frequency is positively associated with increased diagnosis of AR at 1 year post‐HT. Graft survival and CAV appear similar at medium‐term follow‐up. We speculate that higher frequency RSB centers may have increased detection of clinically less important AR, though further study of the relationship between center RSB frequency and differences in treated AR is necessary.
Chronic bronchial infection and incident cardiovascular events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A long‐term observational study
Authors: Martinez‐Garcia Miguel Ángel , Faner Rosa , Oscullo Grace , la Rosa‐Carrillo David , Soler‐Cataluña Juan Jose , Ballester Marta , Muriel Alfonso , Agusti Alvar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveCardiovascular (CV) diseases are frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Likewise, chronic bronchial infection (CBI) is also frequent in COPD and it is associated with systemic inflammation, a well‐known CV risk factor. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between CBI, systemic inflammation and incident CV events.MethodsA post hoc analysis of prospectively collected cohort of 201 COPD patients [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) II–IV] followed up every 3–6 months for 84 months was conducted. CBI was defined as ≥3 positive pathogenic microorganisms sputum cultures over 1 year, separated by ≥3 months. Systemic inflammation was assessed by circulating levels of C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen. Fatal and non‐fatal CV events, including coronary and cerebrovascular events as well as arrhythmia episodes, were prospectively recorded. For analysis, they were analysed separately and combined in a composite variable.ResultsAs hypothesized, CBI was associated with persistent systemic inflammation and a significantly higher incidence of CV events (HR: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.83–8.22), mainly of coronary origin independent of age, number and severity of exacerbations, comorbidities, other CV risk factors, lung function, BMI, smoking status and treatments. These associations were particularly significant in patients with CBI by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).ConclusionCBI, particularly by PA, is associated with sustained and enhanced systemic inflammation and a higher incidence of CV events (especially coronary events). The possibility that treating CBI may decrease systemic inflammation and CV events in COPD deserves prospective, interventional studies.
A visual testament by Luca Riva, a deaf and mute pupil of the Procaccini
Authors: Lo Conte Angelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates the visual testament by Luca Riva, a mute and deaf artist who studied in Milan under Camillo Procaccini. Dated 9 September 1624, the document consists of twelve folios bound together in a small volume. On the sheets, ten brown‐ink drawings illustrate the beneficiaries of Riva’s testament, identifying the inheritance intended for them. Conserved in the Archivio di Stato in Milan, the document is the only testament known to have been made exclusively of visual elements and represents an invaluable source for the study of seventeenth‐century Milan. Luca Riva’s testament casts a light on the interconnections between art practice and disability in the early modern period, and emphasizes the predominant role held in Milan by the Procaccini, a family of Bolognese painters who were instrumental in the evolution of Lombard art in the age of Archbishops Carlo and Federico Borromeo.
Severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic in India
Authors: Imai Katsushi S. , Kaicker Nidhi , Gaiha Raghav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to identify the socioeconomic, meteorological, and geographical factors associated with the severity of COVID‐19 pandemic in India. The severity is measured by the cumulative severity ratio (CSR)—the ratio of the cumulative COVID‐related deaths to the deaths in a pre‐pandemic year—its first difference and COVID infection cases. We have found significant interstate heterogeneity in the pandemic development and have contrasted the trends of the COVID‐19 severities between Maharashtra, which had the largest number of COVID deaths and cases, and the other states. Drawing upon random‐effects models and Tobit models for the weekly and monthly panel data sets of 32 states/union territories, we have found that the factors associated with the COVID severity include income, gender, multi‐morbidity, urbanization, lockdown and unlock phases, weather including temperature and rainfall, and the retail price of wheat. Brief observations from a policy perspective are made toward the end.
The Utilization of Steelmaking Industrial Waste of Silicomanganese Fume as Filtration Loss Control in Drilling Fluid Application
Authors: Razzaq Waseem , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Gamal Hany , Samsuri Ariffin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Drilling fluid is considered the backbone of drilling operations in the oil and gas industry to unlock hydrocarbon from subterranean formations. Maintaining the drilling fluid properties, for example, flow properties such as rheology, plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), gel strength (GS), and circulation loss, is the challenge for fluid/mud engineers to carry out successful drilling operations. A variety of chemicals have been added to improve the drilling fluid properties by introducing new chemicals or optimizing the existing chemicals without affecting the other essential fluid properties. The present study for the first time employs the eco-innovation concept to explore the utilization of steelmaking industry waste, i.e., silicomanganese fume (SMF), as a bridging material. The objective of this article is to design an eco-friendly framework that comprehensively explains and utilizes SMF as a bridging material in water-based fluid (WBF). The eco-innovation/eco-friendly framework includes the steps required for processing and understanding the new material and evaluating its effects on flow and the bridging properties of WBF. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and particle size distribution (PSD) were used to understand the physicochemical properties of SMF. The flow properties were studied using a Fann rheometer before and after hot rolling at 120 °F. A high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) filter press equipment was used to investigate the bridging capability of seepage losses following conditions of 190 °F and 300 psi differential pressure. Minimal cleaning and disintegration with a mortar and pestle are enough to prepare SMF to be incorporated in drilling fluid. The SEM and XRF results showed that SMF contains oxides of manganese, silicon, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, while the PSD revealed a natural bimodal distribution with an average grain size of D50 of around 29 μm. SMF showed a noticeable and measurable enhancement of flow properties and bridging capability in WBF. The SMF-based WBF showed improved rheological properties, plastic viscosity, and yield point compared with marble-based WBF. Adding SMF to WBF with and without marble showed a ten-fold superior plugging performance compared with marble-based WBF using 20-μm ceramic discs. The findings revealed the successful utilization of SMF in WBF by improving the rheology, plastic viscosity, yield point, and bridging capability.
Dynamic Analysis and Vibration Reduction of Articulated Silicone Gel Column With Varying Geometry
Authors: Yang Ji-Hou , Yang Xiao-Dong , Han Qing-Kai , Liu Jin-Guo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To improve the vibration reduction effect in low-frequency band of dynamic vibration absorber (DVA), a novel type of articulated silicone gel column (SGC) is introduced in the design of the tuned dynamic vibration absorber. The nonlinear variation of frequency of SGC with varying geometry is obtained by both finite element simulation and experiments. The most sensitive mode is located, which has a wider frequency range by varying the geometry. The polynomial fitting is used to describe nonlinear relation between frequency and geometry. By tuning the geometry, the equivalent stiffness and then resonance frequencies can be manipulated to behave as an active vibration absorber. The vibration reduction experiment of SGC vibration absorbers is investigated. It is found that SGC has better vibration reduction effect in the low-frequency band. The experimental results in the current design demonstrate that the vibration reduction effect can reach 94.03% when tuning SGC to the first-order main resonance. The dimensions and material parameters of SGC should be altered for the specific frequency range and vibration strength.