bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo soft X-ray tomography to explore Escherichia coli nucleoid remodelling by Hfq master regulator
Authors: Cossa Antoine , Trépout Sylvain , Wien Frank , Le Brun Etienne , Turbant Florian , Pereiro Eva , Arluison Véronique 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBacterial chromosomic DNA is packed within a membrane-less structure, the nucleoid, thanks to proteins called Nucleoid Associated Proteins (NAPs). The NAP composition of the nucleoid varies during the bacterial life cycle and is growth phase-dependent. Among these NAPs, Hfq is one of the most intriguing as it plays both direct and indirect roles on DNA structure. Indeed, Hfq is best known to mediate post-transcriptional regulation by using small noncoding RNA (sRNA). Although Hfq presence in the nucleoid has been demonstrated for years, its precise role is still unclear. Recently, it has been shown in vitro that Hfq belongs to the bridging family of NAPs. Its bridging mechanism relies on the formation of the amyloid-like structure of Hfq C-terminal region. Here, using cryo soft X-ray tomography imaging of native unlabelled cells and using a semi-automatic analysis and segmentation procedure, we show that Hfq significantly remodels the Escherichia coli nucleoid, especially during the stationary growth phase. Hfq influences both nucleoid volume and absorbance. Hfq cumulates direct effects and indirect effects due to sRNA-based regulation of other NAPs. Taken together, our findings reveal a new role for this protein in nucleoid remodelling that may serve in response to stress conditions and in adapting to changing environments. This implies that Hfq regulates nucleoid compaction directly via its interaction with DNA, but also at the post-transcriptional level via its interaction with RNA.
Moderate-intensity exercise might be a competitive protocol to prevent obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases
Authors: Kwon Ryeo-Won , Lee Seung-Jea , Kim Tae-Wook , Lee Jeong Beom 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo determine effects of exercise intensity on expression levels of cytokines and neurotransmitters beneficial for the prevention and improvement of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Expression levels of irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), adiponectin, free fatty acid (FFA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels after moderate-intensity (50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and high-intensity treadmill running (80% VO2max) for 30 min in 20 healthy men were compared. Blood samples were collected at three time points: before treadmill running (pre-EX), immediately after treadmill running (post-EX), and at 60 min after treadmill running (60 min post-EX). Expression levels of irisin, FGF21, adiponectin, FFA, DA, and 5-HT were increased after 30 min of treadmill running exercise regardless of exercise intensity. Their levels were increased at 60 min post-EX. They showed no significant difference immediately after exercise regardless of exercise intensity. Only irisin, FGF21, FFA, and DA levels showed significant differences between moderate-intensity (50% VO2max) group and high-intensity group (80% VO2max) at 60 min post-EX. Considering that FFA level at 80% VO2max was significantly lower than that at 50% VO2max during post-EX and side effects of high-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise would be a more competitive method compared to high-intensity for the prevention and improvement of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Novel insights into the common heritable liability to addiction: a multivariate genome-wide association study
Authors: Schoeler Tabea , Baldwin Jessie , Allegrini Andrea , Barkhuizen Wikus , McQuillin Andrew , Pirastu Nicola , Kutalik Zoltán , Pingault Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAddiction to nicotine, alcohol and cannabis commonly co-occurs, which is thought to partly stem from a common heritable liability. To elucidate its genetic architecture, we modelled the common liability to addiction, inferred from genetic correlations among six measures of dependence and frequency of use of nicotine, alcohol and cannabis. Forty-two genetic variants were identified in the multivariate genome-wide association study on the common liability to addiction, of which 67% were novel and not associated with the six phenotypes. Mapped genes highlighted the role of dopamine (e.g., dopamine D2 gene), and showed enrichment for several components of the central nervous systems (e.g., mesocorticolimbic brain regions) and molecular pathways (dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic) that are thought to modulate drug reinforcement. Genetic correlations with other traits were most prominent for reward-related behaviours (e.g., risk-taking, cocaine and heroin use) and mood (e.g., depression, insomnia). These genome-wide results triangulate and expand previous preclinical and human studies focusing on the neurobiological substrates of addiction, and help to elucidate the common genetic architecture underlying addiction.
Pathway specific polygenic risk scores identify pathways and patient clusters associated with inflammatory bowel disease risk, severity and treatment response
Authors: Bodea Corneliu A. , Macoritto Michael , Liu Yingchun , Zhang Wenliang , Karman Jozsef , King Emily A. , Degner Jacob F. , Levesque Marc C. , Davis J. Wade , Cao Sherry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with a strong genetic component [1,2]. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified over 240 genetic loci that are statistically associated with risk of developing IBD, and these associations provide valuable insights into disease pathobiology. Building on GWAS findings, conventional polygenic risk scores (cPRS) aim to quantify the aggregated disease risk based on DNA variation, and these scores can identify individuals at high risk. While stratifying individuals based on cPRS has the potential to inform clinical care, the development of novel therapeutics requires deep insight into how aggregated genetic risk leads to disruption of specific biological pathways. Here, we developed a pathway-specific PRS (pPRS) methodology to assess IBD common variant genetic risk burden across 31 manually curated pathways. We first prioritized 206 genes based on comprehensive fine-mapping and eQTL colocalization analyses of genome-wide significant IBD GWAS loci and 58 highly penetrant genes based on their involvement in early onset IBD or autoimmunity-related colitis. These 264 genes were assigned to at least one of the 31 pathways based on Gene Ontology annotations and manual curation. Finally, we integrated these inputs into a novel pPRS model and performed an extensive investigation of IBD disease risk, severity, complications, and anti-TNF treatment response by applying our pPRS approach to three complementary datasets encompassing IBD cases and controls. Our analysis identified multiple promising pathways that can inform drug target discovery and provides a patient stratification method that offers insights into the biology of treatment response.
Predictors and consequences of HIV status disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Edun Olanrewaju , Shenderovich Yulia , Zhou Siyanai , Toska Elona , Okell Lucy , Eaton Jeffrey W , Cluver Lucie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization recommends full disclosure of HIV-positive status to adolescents who acquired HIV perinatally (APHIV) by age 12. However, even among adolescents (aged 10-19) already on antiretroviral therapy (ART), disclosure rates are low. Caregivers often report the child being too young and fear of disclosure worsening adolescents’ mental health as reasons for non-disclosure. Evidence is limited about predictors of disclosure and its association with adherence, viral suppression, and mental health outcomes among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsAnalyses included three rounds (2014-2018) of data collected among a closed cohort of adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa. We used logistic regression with respondent random-effects to identify factors associated with disclosure, and assess differences in ART adherence, viral suppression, and mental health symptoms between adolescents by disclosure status. We also explored differences in the change in mental health symptoms and ART adherence between study rounds and disclosure groups with logistic regression.Results813 APHIV were interviewed at baseline, of whom 769 (94.6%) and 729 (89.7%) were interviewed at the second and third rounds, respectively. The proportion aware of their HIV-positive status increased from 63.1% at the first round to 85.5% by the third round. Older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.24; 1.07 – 1.43) and living in an urban location (aOR: 2.76; 1.67 – 4.45) were associated with disclosure between interviews. There was no association between awareness of HIV-positive status and ART adherence, viral suppression, or mental health symptoms among all APHIV interviewed. However, among APHIV not aware of their status at baseline, adherence decreased at the second round among those who were disclosed to (N=131) and increased among those not disclosed to (N=151) (interaction aOR: 0.39; 0.19 – 0.80). There was no significant difference in the change in mental health symptoms between study rounds and disclosure groups.ConclusionsAwareness of HIV-positive status was not associated with higher rates of mental health symptoms, or lower rates of viral suppression among adolescents. Disclosure was not associated with worse mental health. These findings support the recommendation for timely disclosure to APHIV, however, adherence support post-disclosure is important.
Diagnostic accuracy of three prevailing rapid antigen tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population: cross sectional study
Authors: Venekamp Roderick P , Veldhuijzen Irene K , Moons Karel G M , van den Bijllaardt Wouter , Pas Suzan D , Lodder Esther B , Molenkamp Richard , Igloi Zsofi , Wijers Constantijn , Oliveira dos Santos Claudy , Debast Sylvia B , Bruins Marjan J. , Polad Khaled , Nagel-Imming Carla R S , Han Wanda G H , van de Wijgert Janneke H H M , van den Hof Susan , Schuit Ewoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of three rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population.DesignCross-sectional study with follow-up using pseudonymised record linkage.SettingThree Dutch public health service COVID-19 test sites.ParticipantsConsecutively included individuals aged 16 years and older presenting for SARS-CoV-2 testing.Main outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of BD-VeritortmSystem (Becton Dickinson), PanBio (Abbott), and SD-Biosensor (Roche Diagnostics), applying routinely used sampling methods (combined oropharyngeal and nasal [OP-N] or nasopharyngeal [NP] swab), with molecular testing as reference standard. For SD-Biosensor, the diagnostic accuracy with OP-N sampling was also assessed. A viral load cut-off (≥5.2 log10 SARS-CoV-2 E-gene copies/mL) served as a proxy of infectiousness.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 prevalence and overall sensitivities with 95% confidence intervals were 188/1441 (13.0%) and 129/188 (68.6% [61.5%-75.2%]) for BD-Veritor, 173/2056 (8.4%) and 119/173 (68.8% [61.3%-75.6%]) for PanBio, and 215/1769 (12.2%) and 160/215 (74.4% [68.0%-80.1%]) for SD-Biosensor with routine sampling, and 164/1689 (9.7%) and 123/164 (75.0% [67.7%-81.4%]) for SD-Biosensor with OP-N sampling. In those symptomatic or asymptomatic at sampling, sensitivities were 72.2%-83.4% and 54.0%-55.9%, respectively. With a viral load cut-off, sensitivities were 125/146 (85.6% [78.9%-90.9%]) for BD-Veritor, 108/121 (89.3% [82.3%-94.2%]) for PanBio, 160/182 (87.9% [82.3%-92.3%]) for SD-Biosensor with routine sampling, and 118/141 (83.7% [76.5%-89.4%]) with OP-N sampling. Specificities were >99%, and positive and negative predictive values >95%, for all tests in most analyses. 61.3% of false negative Ag-RDT participants returned for testing within 14 days (median of 3 days, interquartile range 3) of whom 90.3% tested positive.ConclusionsThe overall sensitivities of the three Ag-RDTs were 68.6%-75.0%, increasing to at least 85.6% after the viral load cut-off was applied. For SD-Biosensor, the diagnostic accuracy with OP-N and NP sampling was comparable. Over 55% of false negative Ag-RDT participants tested positive during follow-up.
Consumer understanding of food date labels: preventing food wastage
Authors: Shamim Khalid , Ahmad Shamim , Alam Md Ashraf 
Published: November 2021

PurposeConfusion over the interpretation of date labels is one of the main causes of food waste at the retail and consumer level. The purpose of this study was to determine consumer understanding of food date labels and to assess consumer perception of food waste based on these labels.Design/methodology/approachIt is a cross-sectional study carried out in India. Google forms were used to administer an online structured questionnaire. A total of 389 individuals participated in the study. The data were analyzed using Chi-square statistics and ordinal logistic regression.FindingsThe results affirmed that most of the consumers frequently looked at date labels while purchasing food products, but many of them did not have adequate knowledge of commonly used date label terms. In particular, respondents tended to misunderstand the “best before” date label as the last date for safe consumption, that is, a safety indicator that is not correct. The study indicated that lack of appropriate knowledge, misunderstanding of date labels and lack of complete information contributed toward unnecessary and excess discard of foods that may otherwise perfectly be safe and edible.Practical implicationsRaising public awareness, educating consumers about food date labels and pushing for standardizing the information on date labels by providing adequate guidelines to companies would enable consumers to better interpret the labels, and it would lead to lowering the unnecessary food wastage.Originality/valueThis study fulfills an important knowledge gap in respect of examining the food date label knowledge and its relationship with food waste practices in India.
Analytical calculation and finite element evaluation of electromagnetic leakage field distribution in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors taking the rotor eccentricity effect into account
Authors: Mortezaei Seyed Reza , Aliabadi Mahmood Hosseini , Javadi Shahram 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical calculation for estimating the leakages field distribution in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SMPMSMs) according to a sub-domain field model for eccentricity fault detection.

Design/methodology/approach
The magnetic field domain is classified into four sub-domains of PMs, air gap, stator core and outer region. In the proposed method, the governing equations taking the rotor eccentricity effect into account per region and the interface boundary conditions between sub-domains are formulated using the regular perturbation technique, Taylor series and Fourier series expansion. Maxwell's equations are solved in different regions in the polar coordinate system regarding the boundary conditions.

Findings
The radial and tangential components of electromagnetic field distribution in all sub-domains of one SMPMSM are obtained using the proposed method analytically. Finite element analysis is used to validate the results of the proposed method; the results indicated that the analytical model matches the finite-element prediction up to 30% eccentricity, except for some peak values that depend on the harmonic order value. The results of this paper demonstrated that in the event of eccentricity, an asymmetric magnetic field is generated in the outer region of the machine. Although its amplitude is small, it can be an indicator for detecting eccentricity faults from the outside environment of the machine.

Originality/value
The formulas presented in this paper can be applied as a new technique for detecting eccentricity faults in these motors from the outside environment.
Effect of gender, social influence, and emotional factors in usage of e-Books by Generation Z in Indonesia
Authors: Srirahayu Dyah Puspitasari , Nurpratama Muhammad Rifky , Handriana Tanti , Hartini Sri 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to find out: gender, social and emotional factors as obstacles that influence Generation Z in using e-Books.

Design/methodology/approach
The method in this study is exploratory quantitative research that was conducted by testing the factors that influence the use of e-Books by Generation Z. This study was analyzed using structure equation model, which involves regressions, measuring direct and indirect effects and path analysis. Social influence, emotional attachment and gender are suspected to be a barrier in the use of e-Books by Generation Z.

Findings
The results of this study indicate that social influence and gender do not affect the use of e-Books, in which only emotional attachment directly affects the preference towards e-Book.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of this study is that the sample used is still in Generation Z in Indonesia so that further research can use samples from various countries.

Practical implications
The results of this study can be used as a consideration for e-Books Publishers to create e-books as readers wish, for example, there is a special sound when opening e-Books, there is an easy feature to give notes in e-Books and features are presented to immediately see the link in the e-Books.

Social Implications
Generation Z is actually ready to use e-Books for reading activities. However, there are several things that make them consider reading e-Books. what they consider is the ease of use and the usefulness of the E-Books for their daily needs. Therefore, managers of information institutions and information providers in Indonesia can at least consider what genre of e-books collection can be provided and for whom the e-books are intended.

Originality/value
This research shows that Generation Z in choosing a reading format will be influenced by the intention of using the reading format, whereas the intention is influenced by the attitude in determining the reading format.
The reflective research diary: a tool for more ethical and engaged disaster research
Authors: Mosurska Anuszka 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight how keeping a reflective research journal can help disaster researchers to work in a more ethical and engaged way.Design/methodology/approachThe author analyses the reflective research diary to illustrate how keeping it has helped the author, a white, non-Indigenous researcher, navigate British academia whilst trying to plan a collaborative project with Indigenous peoples during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.FindingsThe author draws out some of the ways that academic institutions can undermine ethical research practice through opaque structures and by incentivising pressuring early-career researchers (ECRs) to conduct fieldwork in dangerous times. The author demonstrates ways the rpeers and author have tried to push against these structures, noting that this is not always possible and that their efforts are always limited without institutional support or change.Originality/valueMany ECRs and PhD students have written reflective accounts about the ethical challenges they have faced during fieldwork. In this article, the author adds to this by building on literature in disaster studies and positing how ethical and engaged research can be conducted within British (colonial) institutions.
A quantitative study on crowdfunders' motivations, their sense of meaning and social welfare
Authors: Sherman Arie , Axelrad Hila 
Published: November 2021

PurposeIn recent years, crowdfunding has developed as a new fundraising alternative. Yet, the effects of the backing experience in reward and donation-based crowdfunding (DBCF) on well-being were researched only through qualitative practices. The current study offers a novel quantitative inquiry of the association between backing motivation and backers' well-being.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a uniform questionnaire distributed among 700 Israeli adults, which included questions about backing experience, sense of meaning and social welfare.FindingsThe results indicate that only intrinsic backing motivation is associated with the sense of meaning in life. Non-investment crowdfunding offers a platform for people who are intrinsically motivated to increase their sense of meaning in life. Moreover, the authors find that the tendency to back further projects is associated with backers' sense of meaning in life.Social implicationsThe findings can promote a better matching between backers' desire for living the good life and entrepreneurs' desire to reach their funding targets. Social welfare implications are discussed.Originality/valueThe linkage between backers' well-being and crowdfunding has not been explored in quantitative studies. Hence, the study offers a novel approach and some new insights on this linkage.
Improving long-term care services: insights from high-reliability organizations
Authors: Memar Zadeh Maryam , Haggerty Nicole 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Long-term care (LTC) organizations have struggled to protect their vulnerable clients from the ravages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although various suggestions on containing outbreaks in LTC facilities have gained prominence, ensuring the safety of residents is not just a crisis issue. In that context, the authors must reasses the traditional management practices that were not sufficient for handling unexpected and demanding conditions. The purpose of this paper is to suggest rethinking the underlying attributes of LTC organizations and drawing insight from the parallels they have to high-reliability organizations (HROs).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyzed qualitative data collected from a Canadian LTC facility to shed light on the current state of reliability practices and culture of the LTC industry and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional management approaches.

Findings
To help the LTC industry develop the necessary crisis management capacity to tackle unexpected future challenges, there is an urgent need for adopting a more systemic top-down approach that cultivates mindfulness, learning and resilience.

Originality/value
This study contributes by applying the HRO theoretical lens in the LTC context. The study provides the LTC leaders with insights into creating a unified effort at the industry level to give rise to a high-reliability-oriented industry.