bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Energy-driven Indium Whisker Growth on Ceramic Substrates&nbsp;
Authors: Li Shuai , Liu Yushuang , Zhang Peigen , Zhang Yan , Lu Chengjie , Pan Long , Ding Jianxiang , Sun Zhengming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The mechanism behind spontaneous growth of metal whiskers is essential to develop lead-free whisker mitigation strategy for the sake of long-term reliability of electronics, and has been sought for several decades. However, a consensus about it still lacks, and a host of factors influencing the phenomenon have been investigated, but the role of interface energy has not been paid adequate attention. In this study, the whisker growth propensities of ball-milled Ti2InC/In and non-MAX phase TiC/In and SiC/In are comparatively studied in the terms of the wettability, thermal behavior and crystal structures. The wetting angles of indium with Ti2InC, TiC, and SiC (144.4°, 155.7°, and 142.2°, respectively) are large and quite close, indicating the poor wettability between liquid indium and the three ceramics. The thermal behaviors of all the three systems have obvious changes after ball milling. The number density of indium whiskers on ball-milled Ti2InC are significantly greater than those on the TiC and SiC substrates, which is explained based on interface energy and the crystal structure difference of the ceramic substrates.
WITHDRAWN: Intraocular Pressure Changes Following Different Keratoplasty Techniques and Association with Cornea Parameters and anterior Chamber Depth
Authors: Gümüş Gülşah , altan cigdem , yildirim yusuf , besek nilay kandemir , genç selim , kirgiz ahmet , durusoy gonul karatas , Agca Alper 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate early intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following different keratoplasty techniques and to investigate the relationship between corneal thickness (CT), keratometry values, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and IOP changes.
Methods
We included patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). ACD, CT, and keratometry measurements were repeated postoperatively at hour 24, week 1, and month 1. IOP measurements were repeated at postoperative hours 6 and 24, week 1, and month 1 by Tono-Pen XL.
Results
Twenty-two patients underwent PK, 12 patients underwent DALK, and 19 patients underwent DMEK. The difference between the IOP preoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively and between the IOP preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively were statistically significant in the three types of surgery (p < 0.05 for each). The difference between preoperative and postoperative week 1 IOP was statistically significant only in the PK group (p = 0.023). When the IOP was compared between the three types of surgeries, the IOP at postoperative week 1 in the PK group was significantly higher than the DALK and DMEK groups (p = 0.021). There was no correlation between ACD, corneal thickness, K values, and IOP in any group.
Conclusion
IOP may increase in all types of keratoplasty during the first hours after surgery, but PK has a risk of high IOP longer in the early postoperative period. PK patients should be followed more carefully during postoperative week 1 to check for an increase in IOP.
Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis of Oral Cavity Mucosae in Patients With Lichen Planus and Healthy Controls
Authors: Cerrato Alessia , Cocco Matteo , Zanette Gastone , Frigo Anna Chiara , Bacci Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVEOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory. Bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for assessing tissue composition. Based on a combination of reactance and resistance data, a phase angle (PA) is calculated. The PA may range in value from 90° to 0°, correlates with body cell mass. There is evidence suggesting that the PA of neoplastic tissue is lower than that of normal tissue. The aim of the present study was to compare the findings of BIA on the oral mucosae of patients with OLP and healthy controls.MATERIALS AND METHODS BIA measurements were obtained with a specific device and PA values were calculated, in a sample of 57 consecutive cases OLP and 60 healthy controls. Impedance measurements were taken for the buccal mucosae, tongue, hard palate and upper anterior gums.RESULTSThe resistance, reactance and PA of the hard plate and gums were generally higher in the OLP group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. The median PA of healthy and reticular lesions was higher than that of erosive lesions.CONCLUSIONS These results support the usefulness of BIA for the characterization of healthy oral mucosa and OLP lesions.
Analysis of the Consumption of Sports Supplements in Elite Fencers According to Sex and Competitive Level
Authors: Mata Fernando , Domínguez Raúl , López-Samanes Álvaro , Sánchez-Gómez Angela , Jodra Pablo , Sánchez-Oliver Antonio J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the consumption of sports supplements (SS) in competitive level fencers and compare differences based on sex and competitive level (international and national).Methods A total of 49 fencers (18 men and 31 women) of national (n= 16) and international (n= 33) level completed a questionnaire with questions about SS consumption and the possible repercussions on health and / or sports performance. The results were analyzed based on the different categorizations established by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), as well as by sex and level of competence to which the participants belonged to.Results 46.9% of fencers have consumed SS with the main motivation being performance improvement (34.2%). Medical doctors were the individuals who were more likely to advise men to consume SS (50.0% vs 5.6%; OR = 3.29 [1.50-7.20]). Friends were most likely to advise women (38.9% vs 8.3%; OR = 1.75 [1.05-2.93]). The most consumed SS were sport drinks (44.9%), vitamin C (43.4%), sport bars (38.8%), and caffeine (28.6%). In regards to the SS categories, it was observed differences in the interaction level·sex in medical supplements (p = 0.017). In addition, there was a higher prevalence of whey protein consumption in women (25.8% vs 0%; p = 0.020) and iron consumption in men (33% vs 6.5%; p = 0.039).ConclusionsThe prevalence of SS use in fencers is within the values previously reported in athletes of the same competitive level. There were no differences by sex and competitive level in the total consumption of SS, nor in each of the groups of level of evidence, being sport drinks, bars and caffeine the most consumed SS.
IncRNA MEG8 sponging miR-181a-5p contributes to M1 macrophage polarization by regulating SHP2 expression in Henoch Schonlein purpura rats
Authors: Jiang mingyu , Dai Ji-cheng , Yin Ming-ying , Ren Ming-yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory molecules in various biological and pathological processes. We herein aimed to explore whether maternally expressed gene 8 (MEG8) promotes M1 macrophage polarization in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods: Relative MEG8 and miR-181a-5p expression and suppressor of SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) RNA level were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of SHP2 and the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway-related proteins was detected using western blot. Luciferase activity assay was performed to test whether miR-181a-5p could bind to MEG8 or SHP2. The macrophage phenotype was determined using flow cytometry analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype was observed inperipheral blood from HSP rats. Furthermore, MEG8 and SHP2 expression were down-regulated but miR-181a-5p was up-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages from HSP rats compared with the control group. Furthermore, MEG8 acted as a sponge for miR-181a-5p to facilitate SHP2 expression. Moreover, miR-181a-5p mimic and SHP2 knockdown significantly reversed the MEG8 overexpression-mediated suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling and promotion of M1 polarization.Conclusion: IncRNA MEG8 sponging miR-181a-5p contributes to M1 macrophage polarization by regulating SHP2 expression in Henoch Schonlein purpura rats.
On the Performance of Physical Layer Security in Virtual&nbsp;Full Duplex Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System
Authors: Guo Weidong , Liu Yuxi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates physical layer security analysis of cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system. A virtual full-duplex (VFD) relaying scheme with an untrusted amplify-and-forward (AF) half-duplex (HD) relay and a trusted decode-and-forward (DF) HD relay is used in this system to improve the spectral efficiency. In order to prevent the untrusted relay from eavesdropping, a simple and practical cooperative jamming scheme is designed to confuse the untrusted relay. The exact expressions of effective secrecy throughput (EST) for NOMA users and approximate expression of EST for non-NOMA user are derived. All theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations which demonstrate that the proposed VFD-NOMA scheme is superior to existing HD-NOMA scheme in cooperative system and jamming plays an important role for obtaining acceptable EST. In addition, simulation results shows that the best secrecy performance highly depends on the system parameters such as transmit powers and jamming signal power.
Functional Display of Bioactive Peptides on the vGFP Scaffold.
Authors: Chee Sharon Min Qi , Wongsantichon Jantana , Lau Sze Yi , Sana Barindra , Frosi Yuri , Robinson Robert , Ghadessy Farid John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Grafting bioactive peptides into recipient protein scaffolds can often increase their activities by conferring enhanced stability and cellular longevity. Here, we describe use of vGFP as a novel scaffold to display peptides. vGFP comprises GFP fused to a bound high affinity Enhancer nanobody that potentiates its fluorescence. We show that peptides inserted into the linker region between GFP and the Enhancer are correctly displayed for on-target interaction, both in vitro and in live cells by pull-down, measurement of target inhibition and imaging analyses. This is further confirmed by structural studies highlighting the optimal display of a vGFP-displayed peptide bound to Mdm2, the key negative regulator of p53 that is often overexpressed in cancer. We also demonstrate a potential biosensing application of the vGFP scaffold by showing target-dependent modulation of intrinsic fluorescence. vGFP is relatively thermostable, well-expressed and inherently fluorescent. These properties make it a useful scaffold to add to the existing tool box for displaying peptides that can disrupt clinically relevant protein-protein interactions.
Determination of Physiological Traits contributing to Drought Tolerance and Heritability of Sorghum Genotypes
Authors: Mwamahonje Andekelile , Eleblu John , Ofori Kwadwo , Feyissa Tileye , Deshpande Santosh , Tongoona Pangirayi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Mapping QTL Associated with Partial Resistance to Aphanomyces Root rot in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) using a 13.2K SNP Array and SSR Markers
Authors: Wu Longfei , Fredua-Agyeman Rudolph , Hwang Sheau-Fang , Chang Kan-Fa , Conner Robert , McLaren Debra , Strelkov Stephen E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aphanomyces root rot (ARR), caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., is a destructive soilborne disease of field pea (Pisum Sativum L.). No completely resistant pea germplasm is available, and current ARR management strategies rely on partial resistance and fungicidal seed treatments. In this study, an F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 135 individuals from the cross ‘Reward’ (susceptible) × ‘00-2067’ (tolerant) was evaluated for reaction to ARR under greenhouse conditions with the A. euteiches isolate Ae-MDCR1 and over 2 years in a field nursery in Morden, Manitoba. Root rot severity, foliar weight, plant vigor and height were used as estimates of tolerance to ARR. Genotyping was conducted with a 13.2K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and 222 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Statistical analyses of the phenotypic data indicated significant (P<0.001) genotypic effects and significant G×E interactions (P<0.05) in all experiments. After filtering, 3050 (23.1%) of the SNP and 30 (13.5%) of the SSR markers were retained for linkage analysis, which distributed 2999 (2978 SNP + 21 SSR) of the markers onto nine linkage groups representing the seven chromosomes of pea. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified 5 major-effect (R2 > 20%), 13 moderate-effect (10%<R2< 20%) effect and 10 minor-effect (R2 <10%) QTL. A genomic region on chromosome IV, delimited by the SNP markers PsCam037549_22628_1642 and PsCam026054_14999_2864, was identified as the most consistent region responsible for partial resistance to A. euteiches isolate Ae-MDCR1. Other genomic regions important for resistance were of the order chromosome III, II and VII.
Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Form of Local Venous Thrombosis or a Result of Systemic Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Bozkurt Erdinç , Cetin Turkhun , Rencuzogulları Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the condition of systemic endothelial function and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to identify the risk factors associated with the disease.Methods: Seventy-six patients who presented to the clinic with the diagnosis of RVO and 76 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals without a RVO history were included in the study. The patients' vision levels and central macular thickness were measures, and diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, carotid artery disease, body mass index and smoking histories were recorded. The endothelial function levels of the patients, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and CIMT were measured. Serum hematological parameters were evaluated.Results: The most important risk factor in patients with RVO was found to be hypertension (OR 1.455, 95% CI 1.981-9.272; p=0.001) compared to the control group, and diabetes (OR 0.460, 95% CI 1.981-9.272; p=0.001) and hyperlipidemia (OR 0.124, 95% CI 0.371-3.456; p=0.828) were significantly more common among the patients.There was a statistically significant difference between the RVO and control groups in terms of flow-mediated dilation (OR 0.050, 95% CI 0.020-0.080; p =0.001), PWV (OR 0.392, 95% CI 0.271-0.513; p<0.001), and the CIMT of both sides (OR 2.434, 95% CI 1.801-3.055 for the right CIMT and OR 2.284, 95% CI 1.646-2.922 for the left CIMT) (p<0.001 for all).Conclusion: Considering that RVO is associated with systemic endothelial dysfunction and may also be accompanied by carotid artery stenosis, we think that additional systemic diseases should be questioned in this patient group.
Improving the uneven distribution of the health workforce worldwide: a perspective from the pharmacy workforce.
Authors: Mamiya Kayoko Takeda , Bates Ian , John Christopher , Bader Lina , Alnahar Saja A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) currently estimates a shortage of approximately 18 million health workers worldwide, potentially impacting the achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal on health. One of these goals is to stimulate and guide the creation of at least 40 million new jobs in the health and social sectors and reduce the projected shortage of 18 million health workers, primarily in low- and lower-middle-income countries, by 2030. However, since 2006, there have been few surveys conducted of internationally trained pharmacists worldwide, while surveys of internationally trained nurses and doctors are being conducted by the OECD, WHO and World Bank Group.
Methods

A global survey on intention to migrate was conducted through International Pharmacy Students’ Federation (IPSF), Young Pharmacists Group (YPG) at International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) members. The questionnaire was distributed via email with a cover letter to all IPSF and YPG members with a survey URL.
Results

This study showed some differences in “intention to migrate”, “the motivation to migrate”, “the length of stay in the host country”, “the satisfaction with initial pharmacy education, home country and home country pharmacists’ work” among the income levels as defined by the World Bank classification.
Conclusion

To improve the uneven distribution of pharmacists, an education system that connects initial pharmacy education and lifelong education might need to be created or altered to address the role of pharmacists in each country. To that end, we need to share knowledge and practices related the development and implementation of lifelong learning systems and the role of pharmacists in various countries worldwide through studies and the work of international organizations.
A 2D porous Pb-MOF based on 2-nitroimidazole: CO2 adsorption, electronic structure and luminescence
Authors: Li Xiu-Yuan , Ying-Bo Wang , Yan Song , Dan Xiang , He Chaozheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new porous metal-organic framework, [Pb5(Ac)7(nIm)3]n (1), has been successfully synthesized by employing 2-nitroimidazole ligand and Pb2+ ion. 1 contains novel the ribbon-shaped Pb-O SBU and reveals a 2D porous framework with a 1D tubular channel. Moreover, 1 shows moderate adsorption uptake towards CO2 and luminescence properties from intraligand charge transfer. We further confirmed nitro group and metal ion are important adsorption sites by GCMC simulations, and the electronic structures of 1 was investigated.
Protective effect of hydrogen against ischemia-reperfusion induced spinal nerve cell apoptosis
Authors: Sun Yanqing , Shi Wei , Yuan Bo , Wang Zhiwei , Zhou Shengyuan , Zhao Yin , Chen Xiongsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the protective effect of hydrogen against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGSD/R)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis in vitro and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: A normal control (NC) group was set where PC12 cells were cultured normal, while a positive control (PC) group, where PC12 cells were exposed to OGSD 12h/R1h without intervention, and a hydrogen intervention (HI) group, where PC12 cells were exposed to OGSD 12h/R1h plus HI, were conducted at the same time. At OGSD 12h/R 1h, cells were DAPI stained to detect viability and changes in the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins caspase-3, caspase-12 and CHOP/GADD153, and the endoplasmic reticulum-related signaling pathway protein PERK-eIF2α-ATF4. At the same time, the effect of HI was observed. Results: The result revealed that compared with NC group, cell apoptosis was more severe and cell viability was reduced significantly in PC group, while cell apoptosis was ameliorated and cell viability was increased significantly in HI as compared with PC group. In addition, the content of caspase-3 and caspase-12 in HI group was decreased significantly as compared with that in PC group. During this process, the endoplasmic reticulum-related signaling pathway protein PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 was activated. In HI group, the expression of this protein was decreased and cell viability was increased significantly as compared with those in PC group. Conclusions: Hydrogen was able to inhibit OGSD/R-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and exert a protective effect against ischemia-repurfusion injury (IRI) to nerve cells, probably through inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum-related signaling pathway protein.
Effect of Co2+ Doped Seed Layer on Morphology and Photoelectric Properties of ZnO Nanoarray
Authors: Li lihua , Shi Qingkui , Hou Bingyang , Ning Xiangmei , Li Qian , Kim Bok-Hee , Huang Jinliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ZnO nanoarray were synthesized by hydrothermal method on Co2+-doped Zn1-xCoxO (x（mol%）=0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) seed layers pre-coated on ITO substrate. The effects of different Co2+ doping concentrations on morphology and photoelectric properties of ZnO nanoarray including transient photo-current and charge transfer resistance were investigated. The addition of Co2+ in the seed layer could perfect the oriented growth of ZnO nanoarray and apparently enhance its photo current. FESEM observation confirmed that the ZnO nanoarray were grown in the way perpendicular to ITO substrate along the direction of (002). Meanwhile, UV-vis tests shown that the band gap energy was decreased from 3.37 eV to 3.16 eV due to Co2+ doping and the ZnO nanoarray had a strong visible region in the range 400-650 nm. The transient photo-current was found to vary from 0.005 to 0.15 mA/cm2 under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight illumination. Photoelectric properties was correlated with the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers, which was inhibited with optimal Co2+ doping concentrations and was beneficial for application in perovskite solar cells.
Extracting Disease-Specific Clinical Experiences from Ancient Literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Deep Learning
Authors: Lu Yongmei , Chen Li , Zhang Tingting , Bu Lingmei , Ye Ying , Yu Zhonghua , Wang Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Ancient literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) contains massive clinical experiences which are important ingredient of TCM knowledge and valuable for TCM clinical practice of nowadays. However, it is difficult for TCM professionals to acquire such valuable experiences due to their massive volume and broad occurrence in the literature. Furthermore, different characteristics of ancient Chinese language from the modern one lead to additional challenges for analyzing the literature, regardless of how to perform the analyzing, manually or automatically with a software toolkit. Methods: In order to overcome the aforementioned challenges, we formalize a novel information extraction task for ancient literature of TCM, and the entities to be extracted are Disease-Specific Clinical Experiences (DSCEs) occurring in the literature. For the purpose, we have collected two corpora from ancient literature of TCM and annotated them manually with DSCEs occurrence information for the diseases pregnant abdominalgia and colporrhagia (妊娠腹痛及下血) and jaundice (黄疸) respectively. We further propose a deep learning and CRF-based algorithmic framework with character encoding of ancient Chinese, thus avoiding the special difficulty in word segmentation for ancient Chinese texts. We investigate the framework with different methods for contextual encoding of characters in a sentence, including CNN, Bi-LSTM and BERT, and diverse approaches to aggregate contextual information of characters into a sentence encoding, such as max-pooling and attention mechanism. After that all the encoded sentences in a section of the literature are passed through a Bi-LSTM-based sequence labelling model with CRF inference on its top to obtain an optimal label sequence for the sentences in the section. Results: We conduct a series of experiments on the two corpora to verify the effectiveness of our framework for the task, and evaluate its effectiveness with different metrics in two granularities of labelling, namely accuracy/F1-value in sentence-level labelling and precision/recall/F1-value in correct recognition of the whole DSCEs. Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that the deep learning and CRF-based framework with character encoding of ancient Chinese could achieve an accuracy of 80.40%±1.64% and an F1-value of 76.73%±1.59% for the sentence labelling, while for recognition of the whole DSCEs, it is able to obtain the recall of 44.97%±2.16% and the precision of 51.13%±2.64%, meaning that the framework is a promising baseline for further development of the novel information extraction task for TCM.