bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Need Analysis for English Speaking and Listening Assessment Media with Web Responsive in Computer Science Faculty
Authors: Amna Shally , Christina Dian 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed at finding and analyzing the information of the ideal speaking and listening online assessment media needed in Computer Science Faculty, University of Putra Indonesia YPTK. The study used descriptive and qualitative approaches. The data instrument was a questionnaire using Likert-scale and open-questions responded by 431 students and 17 English lecturers. The result of the study showed that the students need interactive and interesting assessment web responsive while the lecturers need web responsive media which enable them to assess speaking and listening online including scoring and sending feedback. The result of the study will also be used as a matrix for developing online assessment media.
Tu Kaha: Nga Mana Wahine Exploring the Role of Mana Wahine in the Development of Te Whare Rokiroki Maori Women's Refuge
Authors:   , Turner Tairawhiti Veronique 
Published: November 2021

<p>Whanau are the building blocks of society and their well-being is critical to strong,vibrant and connected communities. When a women or child is beaten, abused, or worse killed as a result of family violence, individuals are adversely affected, whanau suffer and wider communities in New Zealand are impoverished. From the margins of New Zealand society, Maori women are leading development campaigns that seek to end violence against women and children, uphold their human rights and freedoms and challenge oppressive colonial ideologies which are hegemonic and masculinist. Their work is part of local, national and global agendas to end violence and bring about long-term, positive change. They are a part of the decolonisation agenda within which many Maori actively campaign. This thesis brings together theory and practice to explore such a campaign. The overall goal is to explore the role of Mana Wahine in the development of Te Whare Rokiroki Maori Women's Refuge. Mana Wahine is a theory and ideological framework which is centred on Maori world views and ways of knowing. It is also a tool for analysing situations and events and has been adopted to create space for Maori women to tell their stories and develop ideas. This thesis seeks to achieve the following aims: explore the meaning of Maori development in a Refuge environment; investigate the expression of Mana Wahine by Maori women Refuge advocates; and identify the extent to which Mana Wahine has influenced decolonisation. The research framework which informs the overall approach comprises a: Kaupapa Maori epistemology, Mana Wahine and Qualitative methodologies and interviews. This thesis joins the Refuge in its pursuit for Tino Rangatiratanga (sovereignty) and contributes to the growing body of Mana Wahine knowledge. The conclusions of this thesis assert development within the Refuge means women and children leading lives free from violence and abuse. A Mana Wahine perspective is critical to the development of the Refuge and achieving positive, long-term change. At a fundamental level, the means through which development and change is achieved is Maori culture, Tikanga and Te Reo. The women of Te Whare Rokiroki are unsung heroines whose stories of commitment, sacrifice, learning, determination, anger, resistance and generosity has to be told.</p>
Family Planning Decision-Making at Grass Roots Level: Case Studies in West Java, Indonesia
Authors:   , Herartri Rina 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis examines the process of family planning decision-making with a view to understanding women's empowerment within the context of the Indonesian population policies and family planning programme. The objective of the family planning programme, established in 1970, is to create 'small, happy and prosperous families' through community participation. This goal has been strengthened by the passage of Law No. 10 of 1992 concerning "Population Development and the Development of Prosperous Families". From 2000, in line with the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action, women's empowerment has become one of the major concerns of the family planning programme as stipulated in its new vision and mission statements. Data for this thesis are provided by fieldwork conducted in two villages in West Java province, Indonesia, from December 2002 until May 2003. A qualitative research design, with a phenomenological approach, has shaped the conduct of this study. The case studies in the two villages revealed that the philosophy of 'small and prosperous family' has permeated down to the village. This idea has influenced the village couples' decisions regarding family size. Smaller families with better-educated children are believed to lead to increased family prosperity. Generally, decisions to do with family planning and childbearing are made by women because men regard them as women's business. The contraceptive preferences show that women bear the major responsibility in the use of family planning methods. Thus women in these villages were empowered, but only partially. The women's role in terms of decision-making still exists within the framework of the interests of their husbands. Nevertheless, women's empowerment in family planning, through access to information and contraceptive services, has emerged from the case studies as a key factor that has enabled village women to make informed choices to control their family size. Women's control of fertility has been a major contributor to the success in reducing fertility and increasing family prosperity.</p>
Culturally-Relevant Persuasive Technology
Authors:   , Khaled Rilla 
Published: November 2021

<p>Persuasive technology (PT) has been defined by B. J. Fogg as "any interactive computing system designed to change peoples attitudes or behaviors". The kinds of attitudes people hold, and the behaviours they exhibit, are influenced by culture, so cultural beliefs play a large role in persuasion. The cross-cultural psychology literature has demonstrated the power of culture on attitude change. To date, however, there has been limited persuasive technology research outside of countries characterised as having individualist culture, where individualism describes cultures in which society members have a primarily individual identity. Little research has explicitly investigated the relationship between persuasive technology and culture. In this thesis, we investigated the hypothesis that persuasive technology is more effective when it reflects the culture of its intended target audience. Firstly, we established a set of effective, culturally-relevant persuasive technology strategies, almost all of which are targeted at use in tools for collectivist audiences. The strategies are based on a combination of findings from the cross-cultural psychology literature focused on the dimensions of individualism and collectivism, an analysis of existing PT strategies, and qualitative insights. Secondly, we developed a culturally-relevant PT prototype based on several of our strategies, in the form of two versions of a game titled Smoke? about smoking cessation. One version of Smoke? was designed to be more persuasive for a NZ European player audience, while the other was designed to be more persuasive for a Maori player audience. We conducted focus groups with potential players, the insights of which guided how we applied several of our culturally-relevant PT strategies in the design of the two game versions. Finally, we evaluated both game versions on individualist, and collectivist test players, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of our evaluation support our hypothesis. Not only did both sets of players engage with, and use the culturally-relevant interface elements of the game designed for their culture, they also demonstrated that the culturally-relevant game versions had increased their anti-smoking beliefs.</p>
Video Game Values: Play as Human-Computer Interaction
Authors:   , Barr Pippin 
Published: November 2021

<p>Video games are a form of software and thus an obvious object of study in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Interaction with video games differs from the usual understanding of HCI, however, because people play video games rather than use them. In this dissertation we ask: " How can we analyse human-computer interaction in video games when the interaction in question is play?" We propose video game values, defined as sustained beliefs about preferable conduct during play, as a basis for video game HCI. In order to describe and analyse play we use activity theory, focusing on how the interface mediates players' beliefs about preferable conduct. Activity theory allows us to address the multiple levels of context and detail in play as well as the role of conflict. We employ a qualitative case study methodology to gather data about five popular video games: Civilization III, Fable, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Half-Life 2, and The Sims 2. Our core data comes from observation and interview sessions with twenty-five experienced players of these games. We collected further data based on the games' interfaces, participant observation, and documentation such as manuals and walkthroughs. We make three key contributions to video game HCI: 1) We introduce video game values as a means to analyse play as a form of human-computer interaction and show how the values of PAIDIA and LUDUS influence all aspects of play; 2) we develop a video game activity framework for describing and analysing video game play at multiple levels of detail and context; and 3) we extend the video game activity framework to include contradictions and breakdowns as a means to describe and analyse the role of conflict and challenge in video game play.</p>
Trade, Medicines & Human Rights: Protecting Access to Medicines in Fiji & the Pacific
Authors:   , Meads Sarah 
Published: November 2021

<p>Restrictive provisions in international trade agreements, particularly trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS), are impeding access to essential medicines in developing countries, making medicines unaffordable to poor people. The extent to which trade restrictions have adverse effects on health and economic development in Fiji and the Pacific region may depend critically on how Pacific Island Countries cope with the forces of regionalism and the realities of joining the global trading system, where there are pressures to make concessions in TRIPS. Yet awareness is relatively low. A central question to be asked here is what underlying factors shape how Pacific islanders view trade and access to medicines, notably in the area of trade, health, local culture, and human rights and what are the regional and national responses to mitigate potential trade impediments. By combining a public health lens with a multi-sector review of population health trends, intellectual property rights law, trade policymaking, and human rights, this research elaborates multidisciplinary findings that are usually less evident because they are conventionally researched and managed on a sector-by-sector basis. The findings suggest human rights are less significant in this debate, with challenges associated with small island developing states, local cultural preferences and pressures from regionalism, having more of a direct influence. The combined effect of these factors may be creating a unique context that is leading the Pacific region not to deal with these issues as well as some other developing countries might. This paper also discusses the emergence of two new challenges for human rights theory; to promote the collective rights of individual countries in the 'new regionalism', and the relationship with traditional knowledge.</p>
The Role of the Bandwidth-Duration Product WT in the Detectability of Diotic Signals
Authors:   , Lapsley Miller Judi 
Published: November 2021

<p>The bandwidth-duration product, WT , is a fundamental parameter in most theories of aural amplitude discrimination of Gaussian noise. These theories predict that detectability is dependent on WT , but not on the individual values of bandwidth and duration. Due to the acoustical uncertainty principle, it is impossible to completely specify an acoustic waveform with both finite duration and finite bandwidth. An observer must decide how best to trade-off information in the time domain with information in the frequency domain. As Licklider (1963) states, "The nature of [the ear's] solution to the time-frequency problem is, in fact, one of the central problems in the psychology of hearing."This problem is still unresolved, primarily due to observer inconsistency in experiments, which degrades performance making it difficult to compare models. The aim was to compare human observers' ability to trade bandwidth and duration, with simulated and theoretical observers. Human observers participated in a parametric study where the bandwidth and duration of 500 Hz noise waveforms was systematically varied for the same bandwidth-duration products (WT = 1, 2, and 4, where W varied over 2.5-160 Hz, and T varied over 400-6.25 ms, in octave steps). If observers can trade bandwidth and duration, detectability should be constant for the same WT . The observers replicated the experiments six times so that group operating characteristic (GOC) analysis could be used to reduce the effects of their inconsistent decision making. Asymptotic errorless performance was estimated by extrapolating results from the GOC analysis, as a function of replications added. Three simulated ideal observers: the energy, envelope, and full-linear (band-pass filter, full-wave rectifier, and true integrator) detectors were compared with each other, with mathematical theory and with human observers. Asymptotic detectability relative to the full-linear detector indicates that human observers best detect signals with a bandwidth of 40-80 Hz and a duration of 50-100 ms, and that other values are traded off in approximately concentric ellipses of equal detectability. Human detectability of Gaussian noise was best modelled by the full-linear detector using a non-optimal filter. Comparing psychometric functions for this detector with human data shows many striking similarities, indicating that human observers can sometimes perform as well as an ideal observer, once their inconsistency is minimised. These results indicate that the human hearing system can trade bandwidth and duration of signals, but not optimally. This accounts for many of the disparate estimates of the critical band, rectifier, and temporal integrator, found in the literature, because (a) the critical band is adjustable, but has a minimum of 40-50 Hz, (b) the rectifier is linear, rather than square-law, and (c) the temporal integrator is either true or leaky with a very long time constant.</p>
Robust Methods for Analysing Quantitative Trait Loci
Authors:   , Williams Nuovella 
Published: November 2021

<p>The advent of new technology for extracting genetic information from tissue samples has increased the availability of suitable data for finding genes controlling complex traits in plants, animals and humans. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis relies on statistical methods to interpret genetic data in the presence of phenotype data and possibly other factors such as environmental factors. The goal is to both detect the presence of QTL with significant effects on trait value as well as to estimate their locations on the genome relative to those of known markers. This thesis reviews commonly used statistical techniques for QTL mapping in experimental populations. Regression and likelihood methods are discussed. The mixture-modelling approach to QTL mapping is explored in some detail. This thesis presents new matrix formulas for exact and convenient calculation of both the Observed and Fisher information matrices in the context of Multinomial mixtures of Univariate Normal distributions. An extension to Composite Interval mapping is proposed, together with a hypothesis testing strategy which is robust enough to de- tect existing QTL in the presence of slight deviations from model assumptions while reducing false detections.</p>
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD INKUIRI BERBASIS HANDS-ON & MINDS-ON ACTIVITY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HOTS PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Khafida Ikke Ladya , Ismono Ismono 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) inkuiri terbimbing berbasis hands-on & minds-on activity untuk melatihkan Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi (HOTS) pada materi Laju Reaksi. Kelayakan LKPD berpedoman pada validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 4D (define, design, develop, dissiminate), dan pada penelitian ini tahap yang digunakan hanya sampai tahap develop (pengembangan) dengan uji coba terbatas kepada 12 peserta didik kelas XI-IPA-5 di sebuah SMAN Sidoarjo yang belum mendapatkan topik belajar Laju Reaksi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi lembar telaah, lembar validasi, lembar angket respon, lembar tes ranah pengetahuan, dan lembar tes HOTS. Instrumen penelitian tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi berdasarkan kelayakan kriteria isi, kebahasaan, penyajian, dan kegrafisan menunjukkan persentase berturut-turut sebesar 83%, 82%, 82%, dan 83% dengan kategori sangat valid. Respon peserta didik menunjukkan persentase yang cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata 90,7% yang menunjukkan sangat praktis. Hasil tes pengetahuan memperoleh ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 100% dengan kategori tuntas sedangkan untuk peningkatan HOTS mendapat skor N-gain rata-rata 0,73 dengan kategori tinggi, dimana setiap komponen HOTS C4,C5, dan C6 didapatkan rata-rata persentase secara berturut-turut sebesar 86,8%, 83,3%,dan 87,5% sehingga dapat diartikan LKPD efektif untuk meningkatkan HOTS peserta didik.
Kata kunci: LKPD, Inkuiri, Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi, Hands on Minds on Activity.
Peran Elite Adat Pada Pilkada Kabupaten Pinrang 2018
Authors: Suhartono Eka , Nur Hasruddin 
Published: November 2021

The study aims to discover (1) the reasons for the indigenous elite to get involved in the 2018 pre-Pilkada in Pinrang district, (2) the role of the indigenous elite in the 2018 Pilkada process in Pinrang district, (3) the adaptation process for the indigenous elite after the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang district. This study employed qualitative approach, which described descriptively with data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study. The subject selection technique used was purposive sampling. The subjects of the study were 11 informants. The data validity of the study employed triangulation techniques. Based on the results of the study, several findings are discovered, namely, the role of the indigenous elite in the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang distirict is not merely limited to the pre-Pilkada but also in the process and after Pilkada is carried out. The reasons for the indigenous elite to get involved in the 2018 pre-election in Pinrang district are to maintain the image, charisma, and position held by the indigenous elite and as a form of proof that the indigenous elite is the manifestation of a leader. The role of the elite in the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang district is to become the center for regional mapping which is the basis of support, the indigenous elite which is the generality of winning the area where it is located is an instant strategy for the winning team for regional head candidates to win the Pilkada. Apart from that, another role of the indigenous elite is to become a patron for the masses who take sides and believe that the political choice of the indigenous elite is their political choice. The adaptation process of the indigenous elite after the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang district is a form of response of indigenous elite after Pilkada where the conditions are winner and losers. This adaptation process is filled with various approaches to get the best position in government and for the losing party will try to approach freedom from political sanctions and still get respect and trust from their masses.
The impact of public health interventions in the Nordic countries during the first year of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and evolution
Authors: Duchene Sebastian , Featherstone Leo , Freiesleben de Blasio Birgitte , Holmes Edward C , Bohlin Jon , Pettersson John H-O 
Published: November 2021

Background
Many countries have attempted to mitigate and control COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly with the aim of reducing population movement and contact. However, it remains unclear how the different control strategies impacted the local phylodynamics of the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Aim
We aimed to assess the duration of chains of virus transmission within individual countries and the extent to which countries exported viruses to their geographical neighbours.

Methods
We analysed complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes to infer the relative frequencies of virus importation and exportation, as well as virus transmission dynamics, in countries of northern Europe. We examined virus evolution and phylodynamics in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
The Nordic countries differed markedly in the invasiveness of control strategies, which we found reflected in transmission chain dynamics. For example, Sweden, which compared with the other Nordic countries relied more on recommendation-based rather than legislation-based mitigation interventions, had transmission chains that were more numerous and tended to have more cases. This trend increased over the first 8 months of 2020. Together with Denmark, Sweden was a net exporter of SARS-CoV-2. Norway and Finland implemented legislation-based interventions; their transmission chain dynamics were in stark contrast to their neighbouring country Sweden.

Conclusion
Sweden constituted an epidemiological and evolutionary refugium that enabled the virus to maintain active transmission and spread to other geographical locations. Our analysis reveals the utility of genomic surveillance where monitoring of active transmission chains is a key metric.
Comparative sensitivity evaluation for 122 CE-marked rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, Germany, September 2020 to April 2021
Authors: Scheiblauer Heinrich , Filomena Angela , Nitsche Andreas , Puyskens Andreas , Corman Victor M , Drosten Christian , Zwirglmaier Karin , Lange Constanze , Emmerich Petra , Müller Michael , Knauer Olivia , Nübling C Micha 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Numerous CE-marked SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag RDT) are offered in Europe, several of them with unconfirmed quality claims.

Aim
We performed an independent head-to-head evaluation of the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT offered in Germany.

Methods
We addressed the sensitivity of 122 Ag RDT in direct comparison using a common evaluation panel comprised of 50 specimens. Minimum sensitivity of 75% for panel specimens with a PCR quantification cycle (Cq) ≤ 25 was used to identify Ag RDT eligible for reimbursement in the German healthcare system.

Results
The sensitivity of different SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT varied over a wide range. The sensitivity limit of 75% for panel members with Cq ≤ 25 was met by 96 of the 122 tests evaluated; 26 tests exhibited lower sensitivity, few of which failed completely. Some RDT exhibited high sensitivity, e.g. 97.5 % for Cq < 30.

Conclusions
This comparative evaluation succeeded in distinguishing less sensitive from better performing Ag RDT. Most of the evaluated Ag RDT appeared to be suitable for fast identification of acute infections associated with high viral loads. Market access of SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT should be based on minimal requirements for sensitivity and specificity.