bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature drives variation in flying insect biomass across a German malaise trap network
Authors: Welti Ellen A. R. , Zajicek Petr , Frenzel Mark , Ayasse Manfred , Bornholdt Tim , Buse Jörn , Classen Alice , Dziock Frank , Engelmann Rolf A. , Englmeier Jana , Fellendorf Martin , Förschler Marc I. , Fricke Ute , Ganuza Cristina , Hippke Mathias , Hoenselaar Günter , Kaus‐Thiel Andrea , Kerner Janika , Kilian Daniela , Mandery Klaus , Marten Andreas , Monaghan Michael T. , Morkel Carsten , Müller Jörg , Puffpaff Stephanie , Redlich Sarah , Richter Ronny , Rojas‐Botero Sandra , Scharnweber Tobias , Scheiffarth Gregor , Yáñez Paul Schmidt , Schumann Rhena , Seibold Sebastian , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Stoll Stefan , Tobisch Cynthia , Twietmeyer Sönke , Uhler Johannes , Vogt Juliane , Weis Dirk , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Wilmking Martin , Haase Peter 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Among the many concerns for biodiversity in the Anthropocene, recent reports of flying insect loss are particularly alarming, given their importance as pollinators, pest control agents, and as a food source. Few insect monitoring programmes cover the large spatial scales required to provide more generalizable estimates of insect responses to global change drivers.
We ask how climate and surrounding habitat affect flying insect biomass using data from the first year of a new monitoring network at 84 locations across Germany comprising a spatial gradient of land cover types from protected to urban and crop areas.
Flying insect biomass increased linearly with temperature across Germany. However, the effect of temperature on flying insect biomass flipped to negative in the hot months of June and July when local temperatures most exceeded long‐term averages.
Land cover explained little variation in insect biomass, but biomass was lowest in forests. Grasslands, pastures, and orchards harboured the highest insect biomass. The date of peak biomass was primarily driven by surrounding land cover, with grasslands especially having earlier insect biomass phenologies.
Standardised, large‐scale monitoring provides key insights into the underlying processes of insect decline and is pivotal for the development of climate‐adapted strategies to promote insect diversity. In a temperate climate region, we find that the positive effects of temperature on flying insect biomass diminish in a German summer at locations where temperatures most exceeded long‐term averages. Our results highlight the importance of local adaptation in climate change‐driven impacts on insect communities.
Sustainable thermoresponsive whey protein‐ and chitosan‐based oil‐in‐water emulsions for cosmetic applications
Authors: Speer Sarah , Amin Samiul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, the biopolymers whey protein and chitosan were used to create a thermoresponsive emulsion. The impact of the inclusion of chitosan and inclusion of specific oils on the rheological properties and response to temperature were investigated by a stepwise build‐up from simple solutions to oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. Whey protein (WP) concentration and chitosan concentration were varied. The results may help develop strategies for incorporating thermoresponsive materials in stable and high‐performing formulations for use in cosmetics.MethodsSolutions of whey protein concentrate (WPC) by itself, chitosan by itself and the combination of the two at various concentrations were tested with flow sweeps, temperature sweeps and frequency sweeps. Then, three different oils of jojoba, avocado and silicone were included to form emulsions and the tests were repeated to determine flow behaviour, response to temperature and structure.ResultsBy comparing 15 wt. % and 20 wt. % WP solutions, it was found that 15 wt. % WP could provide good viscosities and modulus at a lower amount of material used. The solution composed of 15 wt. % WP, and 0.5 wt. % chitosan was found to have the greatest structural response to temperature compared to solutions with 1.0 wt. % and 1.5 wt. % chitosan. Compared to the addition of 10 wt. % silicone and 10 wt. % avocado oil to form emulsions, the addition of 10 wt. % jojoba oil further strengthened the gel network the most. The final emulsion with pigment added had improved viscosity and thermoresponsive behaviour. The WP and chitosan emulsions were shear thinning, elastically dominated and behaved as classical gels. The behaviour of the emulsions was dependent upon the hydrophobic interactions between the protein and the oil and the electrostatic interactions between the protein and the chitosan.ConclusionAn emulsion composed of 15 wt. % WP, 10 wt. % jojoba oil and 0.5 wt. % chitosan solution was found to have the greatest structural response to temperature. This study of an O/W emulsion containing whey protein concentrate and chitosan demonstrated that different oils and conditions can be used to tune thermoresponsive and rheological behaviour.
Clinicopathological characteristics and clinical morbidity in high‐risk head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients in Western Australia
Authors: Grover Piyush , Flukes Stephanie , Jacques Angela , Leedman Samuel , Lindsay Andrew , White Rohen , Friedland Peter , Gurfinkel Reuven , Lim Annette M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no registry data on morbidity and mortality of high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in Australia.AimTo examine the clinicopathological features, mortality and morbidity in high‐risk cSCC patients in Western Australia (WA).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted through hospital record review on cSCC patients discussed at multidisciplinary meetings at the two largest WA hospitals between March 2015 and December 2016.ResultsOf 141 patients, 129 were evaluable, with median follow up of 43.9 (range 3.0–53.2) months. Patients were predominantly older males (84%) with significant comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥5; 76%) and history of previous nonmelanoma skin cancer (57%) with advanced disease (57% stage IV without distant metastasis; American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition). Pathological high‐risk features were common including nodal extracapsular extension (47%) and cranial nerve involvement (16%). Clinical morbidity was significant with a median of 2 (range 0–13) excisions and 2 (range 0–21) cSCC‐related hospitalisations for any cSCC event following the index case discussion. Recurrences of the primary index lesion occurred in 60% of patients and 20% had ≥2 recurrences. Median overall survival for patients with nonmetastatic disease was 39.8 (range 25.9–53.7) months and 16.1 (range 0.2–32.0) months for metastatic disease. CCI ≥5, advanced nodal stage and ≥2 recurrences were significantly associated with mortality on multivariable analyses (P < 0.05). Nodal extracapsular extension and any recurrences were identified as significant risk factors for disease‐specific mortality on multivariable analyses (P < 0.05).ConclusionHigh‐risk cSCC patients have significant health needs represented by high‐baseline comorbidities, multiplicity of cSCC events and the number of healthcare‐associated interventions. There is an unmet need for robust cancer data collection.
Validity of the new ‘Top End Sleepiness Scale’ against the STOP‐Bang tool in predicting obstructive sleep apnoea among Indigenous Australian adults
Authors: Heraganahally Subash S. , Howarth Timothy P. , Wirth Hugh , Short Teagan , Benn Edmund 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe validity of the newly developed sleepiness assessment tool, the ‘Top End Sleepiness Scale’ (TESS), against other established obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) screening tools has not been evaluated.AimsTo compare the utility and validity of the culturally safe and clinically relevant subjective daytime sleepiness assessment tool, the ‘TESS’ was used among Indigenous Australians against STOP‐Bang screening tool for predicting OSA in a regional and remote Indigenous Australian cohort.MethodsThe TESS questionnaire, consisting of pictorial representations of six items representing daily activities that would induce daytime sleepiness specific for Indigenous Australians, was assessed for its correlation in predicting moderate to severe OSA according to Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (AHI, ≥15) against the STOP‐Bang screening tool.ResultsEighty Indigenous Australian patients (51% male; mean age 45.1 ± 11.5 years) were included in this study with the majority (n = 70; 88%) having OSA, of which 65 (93%) had an AHI ≥ 15. Area under the curve statistics for overall scores showed no significant difference between TESS or STOP‐Bang in the prediction of OSA (P = 0.16). A moderate risk score of TESS (≥3) was superior to STOP‐Bang (score 3–4) in sensitivity (84% vs 33%) and specificity (39% vs 30%). The sensitivity for a high‐risk score for the STOP‐Bang (≥5) was superior to the TESS (≥8; 60% vs 33%), although specificity was comparable (83% vs 91% respectively).ConclusionsThe TESS screening tool could be a useful standalone or could be adopted alongside the STOP‐Bang OSA screening tools in the clinical assessment of sleep disorders among Indigenous Australians.
Vicarious trauma and nursing: An integrative review
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Thomas Margaret 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNursing requires empathic engagement, within therapeutic relationships, to ensure the delivery of compassionate care. Empathic engagement with people who have experienced trauma is known to potentially lead to experiences of vicarious trauma occurring in the caregiver. However, relatively little is known about the implications of vicarious trauma for nurses. This integrative review aimed to explore what is known about vicarious trauma and consider its implications for nursing. Twenty‐two articles were included in the review, with findings considering how vicarious trauma is conceptualized and applied to nursing in the literature, what implications of vicarious trauma, specific to nursing, are identified in the literature, and what vicarious trauma interventions are identified to apply to nursing. The findings highlight clear articulation of the concept of vicarious trauma and its relevance to nursing, including its pervasive and significant personal and professional effects. Vicarious trauma was identified to be a workplace hazard for nurses working across settings, which also impacts upon organizations. The review highlighted that at individual, team, organizational, and social levels, awareness and preventative approaches are recommended. These approaches require systemic supports that foster individual coping mechanisms, self‐care and support networks for nurses, education about vicarious trauma, screening for vicarious trauma, and formalized access to clinical supervision and peer support for all nurses. With increasing awareness of trauma across health care settings, and a move towards the delivery of ‘trauma informed care’, recognition of vicarious trauma amongst nurses as a likely ‘cost’ of the delivery of compassionate care to trauma survivors, is essential.
Flexural stress effect on mechanical and mechanochemical properties of soda lime silicate glass surface
Authors: Liu Hongshen , He Hongtu , Chen Zhe , Kim Seong H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a means to elucidate the mechanical stress effect on the durability of soda lime silicate (SLS) float glass, a thin glass plate under flexural stress was investigated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specular reflectance infrared (SR‐IR) spectroscopy, nanoindentation, and tribo‐testing. A lab‐built four‐point bending rig was employed to create compressive or tensile stress (around 40 MPa) on the air‐side surface of SLS glass. XPS analysis showed that electric field‐induced sodium ion migration is greatly enhanced in both compressive and tensile stress surfaces. The SR‐IR analysis of the Si‐O‐Si stretch mode revealed that the structural distortion of the silicate network appears to be larger under compressive stress than tensile stress. The elastic and plastic responses of the SLS surface to nanoindentation were significantly altered under the flexural stress conditions even though the magnitude of the flexural stress was less than 0.7% of the applied indentation stress. Compared to the stress‐free surface, the resistance to mechanochemical wear at 90% relative humidity deteriorated under the compressive stress condition, while it just became more scattered under the tensile stress condition. Even though the applied flexural stress was very small, its impact on chemical and structural properties could be surprisingly large. Combining all results in this study and previously published works suggested that the changes observed in nanoindentation and mechanochemical wear behaviors may be associated with the strain in the Si‐O bonds of the silicate network.
Bacillus sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consortia enhance wheat nutrient and yield in the second-year field trial: Superior performance in comparison with chemical fertilizers
Authors: Yadav Radheshyam , Ror Pankaj , Beniwal Rahul , Kumar Sanjeev , Ramakrishna Wusirika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aim of the study is to analyse the effect of microbial consortia for wheat biofortification, growth, yield and soil fertility as part of a 2-year field study and compare it with the use of chemical fertilizers.

Methods and Results
A field trial (second year) was conducted with various combinations of plant growth–promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatments, ranging from a single inoculant to multiple combinations. The microbial consortia used were Bacillus sp. and AMF based on first-year field trial results. The consortia based on native (CP4) and non-native (AHP3) PGPB (Bacillus sp.) and AMF performed better in terms of nutrients content in wheat grain tissue and yield-related traits compared with chemical fertilizer treated and untreated control. Dual treatment of PGPB (CP4+AHP3) combined with AMF resulted in a significant increase in antioxidants. The spatial colonization of AMF in roots indicated that both the isolates CP4 and AHP3 were able to enhance the AMF colonization in root tissue. Furthermore, soil enzymes’ activities were higher with the PGPB and AMF combination giving the best results. A positive correlation was recorded between plant growth, grain yield and soil physicochemical parameters.

Conclusions
Our findings confirm that the combined treatment of CP4 and AHP3 and AMF functions as an effective microbial consortium with excellent application prospects for wheat biofortification, grain yield and soil fertility compared with chemical fertilizers.

Significance and Impact of Study
The extensive application of chemical fertilizers on low-yielding field sites is a severe concern for cereal crops, especially wheat in the Asian continent. This study serves as a primer for implementing site-specific sustainable agricultural-management practices using a green technology leading to significant gains in agriculture.
Citrus flavonoids against Fusarium verticillioides in post-harvest maize: Minimization of fumonisins and alteration of fungal ultrastructure
Authors: Pok Paula Sol , García Londoño Víctor Alonso , Vicente Sebastián , Pacin Ana , Alzamora Stella Maris , Resnik Silvia Liliana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
To minimize fumonisins (FBs) accumulation by Fusarium verticillioides in post-harvest maize, using flavonoids obtained from citrus residues: naringin (NAR), neohesperidin (NEO), quercetin (QUER), and its mixtures.

Methods and Results
Response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design was applied in maize at 0.98 and 0.95 aw. The optimal mixture found, composed of 0.40 mmol kg−1 NAR, 0.16 mmol kg−1 NEO and 0.37 mmol kg−1 QUER, reduced the accumulation of FBs B1, B2, and B3 by 88 ± 6%, 90 ± 6% and 85 ± 5%, respectively, when applied to maize at 0.98 aw. The mentioned mixture led to a 54 ± 9% reduction of fumonisin B1 accumulation in maize adjusted to 0.95 aw. These flavonoids applied individually and as a mixture, affected the structure of both the cell wall and the cytoplasm of F. verticillioides. The cell wall lost rigidity and the cells appeared highly deformed, with ruptured plasmalemma and disrupted endomembranes.

Conclusions
It was possible to diminish the accumulation of FBs in maize by a highly toxigenic Fusarium strain, producing severe damage to its ultrastructure.

Significance and Impact of Study
The results indicate the possible use of flavonoids from citrus industry residues as natural and environmentally friendly antifungal agents to restrain the accumulation of FBs in stored maize.
Wheat endophytes and their potential role in managing abiotic stress under changing climate
Authors: Ahlawat Om Parkash , Yadav Dhinu , Kashyap Prem Lal , Khippal Anil , Singh Gyanendra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation differs considerably in respect of soil type, temperature, pH, organic matter, moisture regime, etc. Among these, rising atmospheric temperature due to global warming is most important as it affects grain yield drastically. Studies have shown that for every 1°C rise in temperature above wheat's optimal growing temperature range of 20–25°C, there is a decrease in 2.8 days and 1.5 mg in the grain filling period and kernel weight, respectively, resulting in wheat yield reduction by 4–6 quintal per hectare. Growing demand for food and multidimensional issues of global warming may further push wheat crop to heat stress environments that can substantially affect heading duration, percent grain setting, maturity duration, grain growth rate and ultimately total grain yield. Considerable genetic variation exists in wheat gene pool with respect to various attributes associated with high temperature and stress tolerance; however, only about 15% of the genetic variability could be incorporated into cultivated wheat so far. Thus, alternative strategies have to be explored and implemented for sustainable, more productive and environment friendly agriculture. One of the feasible and environment friendly option is to look at micro-organisms that reside inside the plant without adversely affecting its growth, known as ‘endophytes’, and these colonize virtually all plant organs such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and grains. The relationship between plant and endophytes is vital to the plant health, productivity and overall survival under abiotic stress conditions. Thus, it becomes imperative to enlist the endophytes (bacterial and fungal) isolated till date from wheat cultivars, their mechanism of ingression and establishment inside plant organs, genes involved in ingression, the survival advantages they confer to the plant under abiotic stress conditions and the potential benefits of their use in sustainable wheat cultivation.
Motivating prosocial behavior by leveraging positive self‐regard through values affirmation
Authors: Schneider Claudia R. , Weber Elke U. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProsocial behavior is critical to address global social, environmental, and economic challenges. Yet humans often do not act with the benefit of others in mind, especially when those others are distant and unknown. We suggest that a failure to act prosocially may stem in part from cognitive and emotional capacity limitations. Hence an intervention that reduces worry about the self and thereby increases available resources may foster prosociality. Starting from self‐affirmation theory which posits that affirming the self can establish self‐integrity, we propose that a values affirmation intervention can motivate prosociality through fostering positive self‐regard. Across two studies we find that, compared to control participants, affirmed participants display greater willingness to volunteer time and exhibit increased actual prosocial behavior by completing an unpaid study and donating real money to charity. As hypothesized, increases in positive self‐regard mediate the effect of values affirmation on prosocial behavioral intentions as well as behavior.
Influence of maternal and additive genetic effects on lamb survival in Harnali sheep
Authors: Gaur Parth , Malik Zile S. , Bangar Yogesh C. , Magotra Ankit , Chauhan Ashish , Yadav Devesh Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLamb survival is a critical aspect in the sheep industry as it increases the chances of economic gain in the flock. The objective of the current study was to assess the incidence of lamb mortality in Harnali sheep and to estimate maternal and additive genetic effects of lamb survival using the data of 2057 lambs born to 134 sires and 623 dams for the period of 20 years (2001–2020). The genetic evaluation was carried out using threshold animal models comprising direct and maternal effects using THRGIBBS1F90 and POSTGIBBSF90 programs. Cumulative mortality (95% CI (confidence interval)) for the S1 (lambs which died up to weaning age), S2 (lambs which died from birth to 6 months of age) and S3 (lambs which died from birth to 12 months of birth) groups was 8.41 (7.21–9.61), 14.10 (12.59–15.60) and 17.70 (16.05–19.34) %, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) influences of non‐genetic factors and indicated that the female lambs, heavier dam and higher birth weight of lamb were associated with better survival as compared to their counterparts. The estimates of direct additive heritability for S1, S2 and S3 were 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.11 ± 0.04, respectively. In addition to this, significant influences of the maternal permanent environmental effects were observed for lamb survival up to weaning as well as six months of age. Thus, the present findings suggest that lamb survival could be improved through better management practices but consideration of maternal permanent environmental effects is important for initial survival of the lamb.
Maternal reactivity of ewes at lambing is genetically linked to their behavioural reactivity in an arena test
Authors: Hazard Dominique , Kempeneers Amandine , Delval Eric , Bouix Jacques , Foulquié Didier , Boissy Alain 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn sheep, the bond between the dam and her lambs is established during the first hours of a lamb's life. Genetic variability for behavioural reactivity of ewes assessed in an arena test performed 24 hr after lambing has already been reported. However, there is no evidence that this reactivity represents the ewe's maternal reactivity at lambing in outdoor conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not the behavioural reactivity of ewes in the arena test is genetically related to their maternal reactivity measured at lambing. A total of 935 Romane ewes were studied. The maternal reactivity of ewes at the outdoor lambing site was recorded in response to a human approach and to the handling of the lambs. Their behavioural reactivity was also recorded 24 hr post‐lambing in the arena test that involved a separation from the litter and a human presence. Flight distance, aggressive reaction, time to restore contact with the litter, maternal behaviour scores and vocalizations recorded at the lambing site were heritable (0.12–0.34). All of these behaviours were genetically correlated with the behavioural reactivity in the arena test. The highest genetic correlations (from 0.60 to 0.90) were found amongst maternal behavioural scores, flight distance and high‐pitched bleats. In conclusion, behavioural reactivity in the arena test can be used to assess early maternal reactivity in standardized conditions. Phenotyping of ewes’ behavioural reactivity with a simplified arena test can be performed for genetic improvement in maternal behaviour in sheep.