bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of Lymph Node Sampling in Colorectal Carcinoma Resections-implication for Prognosis and Management
Authors: Ezenkwa Uchenna Simon , Odigwe Omenogor Alexander , Omenai Sebastian Anebuokhae , Ogunsanya Temitope O. , Adegoke Omolade O. , Ogunbiyi Olufemi John 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To review lymph node yield in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resections and its associated factors in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital practice.
Study design: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Department of Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria and colectomies from January 2014 to December 2018 were reviewed.
Methodology: Surgical Pathology reports of CRC resections at the University College Hospital Ibadan over 5 years (2014-2018) were reviewed. Colectomy lengths, tumour location (colon/rectum), tumour size, comment on presence of lymph node (yes/no), lymph node count, presence of attached mesentery (yes/no), histological subtype, tumour grade, presence of tumour-positive node and count, and pT stage were documented. Fisher’s Exact test was employed to test the effects of these variables on presence of lymph node and tumour-positive node at histology using SPSS 20. Significance level was set at P < .05.
Results: Of 66 histology reports retrieved, 62 (93.9%) had comments on search for lymph nodes and attached mesentery was documented in 25 (37.9%). The median colectomy length and tumour size were 25cm (6cm-152cm) and 6.75cm (3-30cm) respectively. Lymph nodes were present in 52 (78.8%) specimens; 28 (53.8%) of these had tumour-positive lymph nodes. Adenocarcinoma NOS was the commonest histological subtype 53 (80.3%), mucinous carcinoma 12 (18.2%) and signet ring carcinoma 1 (1.5%). Eighteen, 9 and 1of adenocarcinoma NOS, mucinous carcinoma, and signet ring carcinoma respectively had tumour-positive lymph nodes. Finding of lymph node was significantly associated with comment on search for lymph node (p < .01) while finding tumour-positive nodes was associated with histological subtype, presence of mesentery, late tumour stage and lymph node count ≥ 12 (p < .05).
Conclusion: If lymph nodes were present, more than likely there will be metastatic involvement. To increase Lymph node yield in CRC resections, submission of mesentery and search for lymph nodes is indicated. When nodes are absent, a mention is required for practice audit. It is imperative to include both clinical and grossing notes for lymph nodes to certify and guide precise staging of the cancer.
Bone loss rate in the lumbar spine: a comparison between natural and surgically induced menopause
Authors: Yildiz Akgün , Şahin İzzet , Göl Kemal , Taner Zeki , Ulutürk Ayşe , Biberoĝlu Kutay 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To compare the bone loss between natural and surgically induced menopause by dual photon absorbsiometry (DPA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Methods: The study group included 365 women, who were in menopause for at least 6 months. Of all patients, 272 became menopausal naturally and 93 surgically. Spinal bone mineral density (BMD) of the women was determined by DPA in 201 patients and by QCT in 164. Regression analysis was used to correlate BMD and months since menopause. Results: Measurements with DPA did not show any significant difference in bone loss between natural and surgical menopause patients, whereas in the group of patients of whom BMD is measured by QCT, a relatively increased bone loss rate is found in surgically induced menopause patients. Conclusions: Oopherectomized women seemed to suffer a relatively higher bone loss rate compared with natural menopause.
MAP kinase dynamics in yeast
Authors: Van Drogen Frank , Peter Matthias 
Published: July 2002

Summry— MAP kinase pathways play key roles in cellular responses towards extracellular signals. In several cases, the three core kinases interact with a scaffold molecule, but the function of these scaffolds is poorly understood. They have been proposed to contribute to signal specificity, signal amplification, or subcellular localization of MAP kinases. Several MAP kinases translocate to the nucleus in response to their activation, suggesting that nuclear transport may provide a regulatory mechanism. Here we describe new applications for Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) and Fluorescence Loss In Photobleaching (FLIP), to study dynamic translocations of MAPKs between different subcellular compartments. We have used these methods to measure the nuclear/cytoplasmic dynamics of several yeast MAP kinases, and in particular to address the role of scaffold proteins for MAP‐kinase signaling.
Approaches to mass customization: configurations and empirical validation
Authors: Duray Rebecca , Ward Peter T , Milligan Glenn W , Berry William L 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMass customization is a paradox‐breaking manufacturing reality that combines the unique products of craft manufacturing with the cost‐efficient manufacturing methods of mass production. Although this phenomenon is known to exist in practice, academic research has not adequately investigated this new form of competition. In this research, we develop a configurational model for classifying mass customizers based on customer involvement in design and product modularity. We validate this typology through an empirical analysis and classification of 126 mass customizers. We also explore manufacturing systems and performance implications of the various mass customization configurations.
The development of the reticular lamina in the hamster: An examination of transitory features and their functional roles
Authors: Kaltenbach James A. , Falzarano Pamela R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study examines the development of the reticular lamina in the Syrian golden hamster postriatally from birth to adulthood at 2 day intervals using the scanning electron microscope. During this period, numerous transitory features emerged whose roles were concerned primarily with the development of the tectorial membrane (TM). The principal findings were as follows. (1) The surface of the developing organ of Corti produced all the fibrous material composing the minor tectorial membrane (mTM) including radial and longitudinal fiber bundles which formed the skeleton of the TM, and spongy, amorphous material which formed its intervening ground substance. (2) Throughout most of the cochlear spiral, radial fiber bundles were seen extending from the microvilli of supporting cells and projecting toward the major tectorial membrane (MTM). In most of the basal turn, but not in the apical turn, these radial bundles were interwoven with longitudinal fiber bundles which emerged from the surface of Hensen's cells. These findings indicate that the architecture of the TM is more complex in the basal turn than in the apex. (3) Increases in the dimensions of the reticular lamina resulted from the emergence of pillar cell headplates and growth in the diameter of hair cells and supporting cells. The emergence of pillar cell headplates was the principal factor contributing to increases in the radial dimension of the reticular lamina. This emergence was most dramatic between 10 and 12 days after birth (DAB) after the mTM completed its growth. Since the mTM appears to be bound medially to the MTM and laterally to the marginal pillars by 10 DAB, it seems likely that the growth of the reticular lamina after 10 DAB causes some stretching of the mTM both radially and longitudinally. (4) Completion of outer hair cell stereocilia growth at 8 DAB was followed by loss of supporting cell attachments of the TM (trabeculae) by 10 DAB, and coincided with the formation of marginal pillars from the third row of supporting cells. It is suggested that the formation of marginal pillars may be required for coupling of the TM to the tips of outer hair cell stereocilia and for induction of radial tension of the mTM. (5) Removal of the marginal pillar attachments occurred following completion of hair cell growth. (6) All structures on the reticular lamina appeared to have adult‐like characteristics by 20 DAB.
Weaver mutant mouse cerebellar granule cells respond normally to chronic depolarization
Authors: Bjerregaard Anette , Mogensen Helle S. , Hack Nicola , Balázs Robert , Jørgensen Ole Steen 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe studied the effects of chronic K+‐induced membrane depolarization and treatment with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) on cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) from weaver mutant mice and non‐weaver litter‐mates. The weaver mutation is a Gly‐to‐Set substitution in a conserved region of the Girk2 G prote‐incoupled inward rectifying potassium channel [Patil N., Cox D. R., Bhat D., Faham M., Myers R. M. and Peterson A. S. (1995) Nature Genet.11, 126–129] which induces early death of CGCs. The biochemical differentiation of CGCs was estimated as the rate of 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose accumulation and the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). High (25 mM) K+ ion concentration or treatment with NMDA greatly promoted the biochemical differentiation of both weaver mutant and non‐weaver litter‐mate mouse CGCs. In contrast to the marked effect on biochemical differentiation in both weaver and non‐weaver mice CGSs, chronic high K+ treatment only had limited effect on survival. The survival of weaver mutant mouse CGCs in medium containing 5 mM K+ ions was very low, only 20% of the plated cells surviving at 7 days after plating, as opposed to the 50% for non‐weaver CGCs. Chronic high K+ treatment improved the relative survival of weaver mutant mouse CGCs 1.6–2.2‐fold and that of non‐weaver CGCs 1.2–1.4‐fold; the same number of CGCs (about 20% of the plated cells) were rescued by high K+ in both types of culture. The findings indicate that, in culture weaver mutant mouse, CGCs have a normal response to membrane depolarization and that the normal function of the Girk2 potassium channel is not critical for the survival of differentiated CGCs.
Sociocultural and economic aspects of quality of life measurement
Authors: Chisholm D , Bhugra D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryObtaining a level of consensus over the definition, construction and measurement of the concept of quality of life would allow for an improved degree of standardization in the assessment of clinical intervention for people with mental health problems. One of the many benefits of this standardization would be the ability to make valid and reliable comparisons between various interventions and across different groups or settings, which is of particular interest to economists. There are, however, a host of sociocultural issues that present fundamental obstacles to the satisfactory attainment of consensus over definitions and domains of quality of life. This paper considers the arguments pertinent to each of these two alternative perspectives, the economic and the sociocultural (or anthropological), and draws out the lessons that these perspectives — despite the apparent polarity that exists between them — can offer to the improved measurement of quality of life for those with mental health problems.
Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Hur Jeongsoo , Chung Aram J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInnate cell function can be artificially engineered and reprogrammed by introducing biomolecules, such as DNAs, RNAs, plasmid DNAs, proteins, or nanomaterials, into the cytosol or nucleus. This process of delivering exogenous cargos into living cells is referred to as intracellular delivery. For instance, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas9 gene editing begins with internalizing Cas9 protein and guide RNA into cells, and chimeric antigen receptor‐T (CAR‐T) cells are prepared by delivering CAR genes into T lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapies. To deliver external biomolecules into cells, tools, including viral vectors, and electroporation have been traditionally used; however, they are suboptimal for achieving high levels of intracellular delivery while preserving cell viability, phenotype, and function. Notably, as emerging solutions, microfluidic and nanofluidic approaches have shown remarkable potential for addressing this open challenge. This review provides an overview of recent advances in microfluidic and nanofluidic intracellular delivery strategies and discusses new opportunities and challenges for clinical applications. Furthermore, key considerations for future efforts to develop microfluidics‐ and nanofluidics‐enabled next‐generation intracellular delivery platforms are outlined.
Racial and ethnic disparities in paranasal sinus malignancies
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Beswick Daniel M. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Overdevest Jonathan , McKinney Kibwei , Gudis David A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic disparities in cancer outcomes have been demonstrated for several different malignancies. In this study we aimed to quantify disease‐specific survival (DSS) and the 5‐year conditional disease‐specific survival (CDSS, the change in life expectancy with increasing survivorship) for paranasal sinus cancer by race and ethnicity.MethodsPatients with sinus cancer between 1973 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) registry. Kaplan‐Meier analysis for DSS was stratified by race and ethnicity. Cox regression models of DSS were generated controlling for stage, age, race, and ethnicity. CDSS was calculated using Cox models. Logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for younger age at diagnosis, late‐stage at diagnosis, and likelihood of receiving surgical intervention when recommended.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 5202 patients. DSS was significantly different when stratified by race (p < 0.01). Compared with White patients, Black patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐1.45; p < 0.001) and American Indian/Alaskan Natives (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.74, p < 0.001) exhibited increased mortality when controlling for other factors. Black patients had worse CDSS for regional and distant staged cancer compared with other races; American Indian/Alaskan Native patients had worse CDSS for cancers of all stages. Hispanic patients were more likely to present with advanced disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.07; p = 0.020). American Indian/Alaskan Native patients were less likely than White patients to receive surgical intervention when recommended (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.04; p = 0.024). Nonwhite patients were more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age. Variations in racial and ethnic disparities were observed over time.ConclusionRace and ethnicity significantly impact paranasal sinus cancer outcome metrics. Disparities in outcomes are likely multifactorial.
Enzyme Mimic Facilitated Artificial Cell to Mammalian Cell Signal Transfer
Authors: Qian Xiaomin , Westensee Isabella Nymann , Fernandes Catarina Cavalheiro , Städler Brigitte 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCatalyzing biochemical reactions with enzymes and communicating with neighboring cells via chemical signaling are two fundamental cellular features that play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of organisms. Herein, we present an artificial enzyme (AE) facilitated signal transfer between artificial cells (ACs) and mammalian HepG2 cells. We synthesize metalloporphyrins (MPs) based AEs that mimic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) to catalyze a dealkylation and a hydroxylation reaction, exemplified by the conversion of resorufin ethyl ether (REE) to resorufin and coumarin (COU) to 7‐hydroxycoumarin (7‐HC), respectively. The AEs are immobilized in hydrogels to produce ACs that generate the two diffusive fluorophores, which can diffuse into HepG2 cells and result in dual intracellular emissions. This work highlights the use of AEs to promote AC to mammalian signal transfer, which opens up new opportunities for integrating the synthetic and living world with a bottom‐up strategy.
Synthesis and characterization of the ternary graphene oxide, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, and Polyamidoamine dendrons nanocomposite decorated with palladium as a heterogeneous catalyst for nitroaromatics reduction
Authors: Ramezanpour Azar , Karami Kazem , Kharaziha Mahshid , Silvestru Cristian , Bayat Parvaneh 
Published: June 2021

In this study, the divergent and magnetic separation method is employed to prepare polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrons functionalized magnetic graphene oxide (MGG3) using graphene oxide supported MnFe2O4 nanoparticles as the support (MG), and ethylenediamine (EDA) and methylacrylate (MA) as the precursors of PAMAM dendron. Finally, palladium ions as active catalytic sites are immobilized on the support (MGG3‐Pd). The morphology and structure of the MGG3‐Pd nanocomposite thus produced are characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Zeta potential analysis. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of the MGG3‐Pd nanocomposite is studied in the reaction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) with sodium borohydride as the reducing agent at room temperature. The MGG3‐Pd catalyst is found to exhibit an excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 4‐NP with a high yield over a short reaction time and at a rate constant (k) of 16.82 × 10−3 s−1. Furthermore, the MGG3‐Pd catalyst thus produced can be recycled at least after 10 runs of 4‐NP reduction without any considerable loss of Pd content. The reduction of other nitroaromatic compounds is also investigated under optimal conditions to illustrate the catalyst's versatility.
Efficient Catalysts of Mixed Amino‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids and Zinc Halides for Cycloaddition of CO2to Propylene Oxide without Solvent
Authors: Shen Weihua , Ju Jixin , Nie Yingying , Jiao Linyu , Fang Yunjin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmino‐functionalized halide ionic liquids, aminopropyl‐3‐butyl‐imidazolium ([Apbim]+) with different halogen anions, and their zinc halide mixing catalysts were prepared and used to catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2to propylene oxide (PO) without solvent. Under ideal conditions, the conversion of PO could reach 93.5 % with the catalysis of [Apbim]Cl. Under optimized conditions of catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, CO2pressure, and reaction time, with the catalysis of [Apbim]I, [Apbim]Cl/ZnBr2(3:1), and [Apbim]Br/ZnBr2(5:1), the conversion of PO and the selectivity of propylene carbonate (PC) both reach > 99 %. From the point of view of preparation process and industrial operation, [Apbim]Cl/ZnBr2is the most suitable catalyst. This catalyst is characterized by good reusability and catalytic activity, and the yield of PC is about 99 % at least for ten times repeated use.
Interactive Competition Between Individual Diffusion Layers during Cyclic Voltammetry at Random Arrays of Band and Disk Electrodes: A Thorough Analysis Based on Global Simulations
Authors: Pireddu Giovanni , Svir Irina , Amatore Christian , Oleinick Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the Electrochemical group at Laboratoire Pasteur, École Normale Supérieure, France. The cover picture provides an allegory of the surprising fact that whatever the high degree of geometric randomness of electrochemical arrays of electroactive sites, as the beige array with its Voronoi tessellated unit cells shown at the left, their voltammetric responses are almost indistinguishable from those of fully periodic ones, idealized by the green honeycomb matrix at the right. This occurs as soon as peak‐shaped voltammograms are observed due to full interactions of the diffusion layers generated by individual active sites. This justifies why the theory proposed by Amatore and Savéant almost 40 years ago to describe the behavior of electrochemical networks has always provided solid outcomes even for random ones. Learn more about the story behind the research featured on the front cover in this issue's Cover Profile. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100310.
Radical C−H Trifluoromethoxylation of (Hetero)arenes with Bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide
Authors: Dix Stefan , Golz Paul , Schmid Jonas R. , Riedel Sebastian , Hopkinson Matthew N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrifluoromethoxylated (hetero)arenes are of great interest for several disciplines, especially in agro‐ and medicinal chemistry. Radical C−H trifluoromethoxylation of (hetero)arenes represents an attractive approach to prepare such compounds, but the high cost and low atom economy of existing.OCF3radical sources make them unsuitable for the large‐scale synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated building blocks. Herein, we introduce bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide (BTMP, CF3OOCF3) as a practical and efficient trifluoromethoxylating reagent that is easily accessible from inexpensive bulk chemicals. Using either visible light photoredox or TEMPO catalysis, trifluoromethoxylated arenes could be prepared in good yields under mild conditions directly from unactivated aromatics. Moreover, TEMPO catalysis allowed for the one‐step synthesis of valuable pyridine derivatives, which have been previously prepared via multi‐step approaches.
Unveiling Polymerization Mechanism in pH‐regulated Supramolecular Fibers in Aqueous Media
Authors: Casellas Nicolás M. , Albertazzi Lorenzo , Pujals Sílvia , Torres Tomás , García‐Iglesias Miguel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn amine functionalized C3‐symmetric benzotrithiophene (BTT) monomer has been designed and synthetized in order to form pH responsive one‐dimensional supramolecular polymers in aqueous media. While most of the reported studies looked at the effect of pH on the size of the aggregates, herein, a detailed mechanistic study is reported, carried out upon modifying the pH to trigger the formation of positively charged ammonium groups. A dramatic and reversible change in the polymerization mechanism and size of the supramolecular fibers is observed and ascribed to the combination of Coulombic repulsive forces and higher monomer solubility. Furthermore, the induced frustrated growth of the fibers is further employed to finely control the one‐dimensional supramolecular polymerisation and copolymerization processes.
Charge Rate‐Dependent Decomposition Mechanism of Toroidal Li2O2 in Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Shen Zhen‐Zhen , Zhou Chi , Wen Rui , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionUsing in situ atomic force microscopy, we visualized the oxidation dynamic process of toroidal lithium peroxide (Li2O2) in a working Li‐O2 battery and clarified the correlation between the decomposition behavior and the charging rate. It was found that at a low charge rate, the decomposition could occur at the Li2O2/electrolyte interface, providing strong evidence that a tiny current is allowed to pass through the bulk phase of toroidal Li2O2. Further, the evolution of the periphery thickness, diameter and center thickness of the toroid as a function of charge capacity was quantitatively analyzed. In the early stage of charging, the diameter of the toroid radially shrinks and the shrinking rate slows down in the later stage. Besides, the periphery thickness of the toroid decreases at a faster and uniform rate, while the center thickness decreases obviously in the later stage of charging. Increasing the charging rate promotes the decomposition occurring at the Li2O2/electrode interface, causing direct desorption of the Li2O2 from the electrode and irreversible capacity degradation.