bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACSL4 Expression Is Associated With CD8+ T Cell Infiltration and Immune Response in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Luo Wenjie , Wang Jin , Dai Xiaoyan , Zhang Hailiang , Qu Yuanyuan , Xiao Wenjun , Ye Dingwei , Zhu Yiping 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of ACSL4 in CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration and outcomes of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients after immunotherapy.MethodsThe correlation between ACSL4 expression and tumor infiltration of immune cells was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database. The prognostic significance of ACSL4 in BLCA was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors with high and low ACSL4 expression obtained from patients at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The relationships between immune checkpoint genes and immune response were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and IMvigor 210 cohorts. The molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes involving ACSL4 were explored using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment pathway analyses.ResultsThe expression level of ACSL4 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in BLCA tumors (r = 0.192, P = 2.22e-04). Elevated ACSL4 was associated with suppressed tumor progression and better outcomes for BLCA patients. The higher expression level of ACSL4 predicted better immunotherapeutic responses and was associated with higher expression levels of core immune checkpoint genes, including CD274, CTLA4, PDCD1, and LAG3, compared with the low ACSL4 expression group.ConclusionThis study demonstrated for the first time that elevated ACSL4 correlated significantly with CD8+ T cell infiltration and contributed to better immunotherapeutic responses in BLCA patients. Furthermore, ACSL4 serves as a novel biomarker for predicting patient outcomes after immunotherapeutic treatments, which may improve the development of individualized immunotherapy for BLCA.
Deep Learning-Augmented Head and Neck Organs at Risk Segmentation From CT Volumes
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Qingxin , Jia Mengyu , Wang Zhongqiu , Yang Chengwen , Zhang Daguang , Wen Shujing , Hou Delong , Liu Ningbo , Wang Ping , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: A novel deep learning model, Siamese Ensemble Boundary Network (SEB-Net) was developed to improve the accuracy of automatic organs-at-risk (OARs) segmentation in CT images for head and neck (HaN) as well as small organs, which was verified for use in radiation oncology practice and is therefore proposed.Methods: SEB-Net was designed to transfer CT slices into probability maps for the HaN OARs segmentation purpose. Dual key contributions were made to the network design to improve the accuracy and reliability of automatic segmentation toward the specific organs (e.g., relatively tiny or irregularly shaped) without sacrificing the field of view. The first implements an ensemble of learning strategies with shared weights that aggregates the pixel-probability transfer at three orthogonal CT planes to ameliorate 3D information integrity; the second exploits the boundary loss that takes the form of a distance metric on the space of contours to mitigate the challenges of conventional region-based regularization, when applied to highly unbalanced segmentation scenarios. By combining the two techniques, enhanced segmentation could be expected by comprehensively maximizing inter- and intra-CT slice information. In total, 188 patients with HaN cancer were included in the study, of which 133 patients were randomly selected for training and 55 for validation. An additional 50 untreated cases were used for clinical evaluation.Results: With the proposed method, the average volumetric Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of HaN OARs (and small organs) was 0.871 (0.900), which was significantly higher than the results from Ua-Net, Anatomy-Net, and SRM by 4.94% (26.05%), 7.80% (24.65%), and 12.97% (40.19%), respectively. By contrast, the average 95% Hausdorff distance (95% HD) of HaN OARs (and small organs) was 2.87 mm (0.81 mm), which improves the other three methods by 50.94% (75.45%), 88.41% (79.07%), and 5.59% (67.98%), respectively. After delineation by SEB-Net, 81.92% of all organs in 50 HaN cancer untreated cases did not require modification for clinical evaluation.Conclusions: In comparison to several cutting-edge methods, including Ua-Net, Anatomy-Net, and SRM, the proposed method is capable of substantially improving segmentation accuracy for HaN and small organs from CT imaging in terms of efficiency, feasibility, and applicability.
The Multi-Modal Risk Analysis and Medical Prevention of Lumbar Degeneration, Fatigue, and Injury Based on FEM/BMD for Elderly Chinese Women Who Act as Stay-Home Grandchildren Sitters
Authors: Li Na , Cavagnaro María José , Xiong Kun , Du Xianping , Shi Jian 
Published: November 2021

Background: An increasing number of Chinese elderly women stay at home and act as grandchildren sitters. In consequence of the frequent load-bearing, chronic lumbar fatigue probably caused a higher risk of lumbar degeneration, fatigue, and injury which has become one of the most important aging and health problems in China. In this study, a multi-mode lumbar finite element model (FEM) with specific bone mineral density (BMD) were developed and validated for further spine injury prevention and control.Methods: The material properties of lumbar vertebra were modified according to degenerated bone mineral density, and geometry was adjusted based on intervertebral disc height. The motion of lifting children was simulated by a 76 year-old Chinese women's FEM, and the stress distribution was calculated and predicted.Results: The pressure of L5-S intervertebral disc in the bending 3-year-old dummy lifting posture was significantly higher than the same posture without lifting, the maximum effective stress of endplate cartilage in the upright child lifting posture was 1.6 times that of the bending without lifting posture. And the fatigue risk limitation frequency of the upright with dummy posture was predicted with the functional equation of fatigue and stress which was deduced by genetic algorithm, which combined with the effective stress of lumbar vertebrae spongy bone calculated from FEM.Conclusions: The child-lifting motion could increase the risk of lumbar degeneration, fatigue, and injury in elderly women, and they should keep below the frequency limit of the motion of lifting children in their daily life. This study could put forward scientific injury prevention guidance to Chinese elderly women who lift children in daily life frequently.
Implementation of the Arizona Pain and Addiction Curriculum: Findings and Implications From a Statewide Evaluation
Authors: Villarroel Lisa , Mardian Aram S. , Timme Evan , Rehman Shakaib , Christ Cara M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The U.S. is struggling with dual crises of chronic pain and opioid overdoses. To improve statewide pain and addiction care, the Arizona Department of Health Services and 18 health education programs collaboratively created the evidence-based, comprehensive Arizona Pain and Addiction Curriculum which includes a Toolbox for Operationalization with adult learning theory applications and an annual program survey to assess curriculum implementation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the first year's survey data to better understand the implementation of a novel curriculum across all programs in the state.Materials and Methods: Program surveys were sent 6 months after curriculum publication to all 18 health education programs in Arizona to assess the 6 Ds of curriculum implementation: Degree of implementation, Difficulty of implementation, Delivery methods, Faculty Development, Didactic dissonance and Discussion Opportunities.Results: Responses from all program types (14/18 programs) indicated that there was widespread implementation of the curriculum, with 71% reporting that all ten Core Components had been included in the past academic year. The majority of programs did not find the Components difficult to implement and had implemented them through lectures. Seventy-seven percent of programs did not have a process to ensure clinical rotation supervisors are teaching content consistent with the curriculum, 77% reported not addressing student's didactic dissonance, and 77% of programs did not report asking students about their interactions with industry representatives.Conclusion: In &lt; 1 year after creation of the Arizona Pain and Addiction Curriculum, all program types reported wide implementation with little difficulty. This may represent a first step toward the transformation of pain and addiction education, and occurred statewide, across program types. Further focus on didactic dissonance, problem solving and faculty development is indicated, along with systematic education on pharmaceutical and industry influence on learners. Other programs may benefit from adopting this curriculum and may not experience significant challenges in doing so.
Prescribing Patterns for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prescription-Review of Primary Care Practice in Quetta, Pakistan and the Implications
Authors: Hashmi Hania , Sasoli Nazeer Ahmad , Sadiq Abdul , Raziq Abdul , Batool Fakhra , Raza Shanaz , Iqbal Qaiser , Haider Sajjad , Umer Jan Syed , Mengal Muhammad Alam , Tareen Abdul Malik , Khalid Adnan , Saleem Fahad 
Published: November 2021

Background:To identify and address the potential overuse of antibiotics, it is important to ascertain the prescribing practices of physicians. We, therefore, conducted this prescription analysis to document URTI-specific antibiotic prescription frequency in a public primary healthcare setting of Quetta city, Pakistan.Methods:A retrospective record review was conducted of all prescriptions for URTIs in Combined Military Hospital, Quetta from 1 March to 31st May 2021. The Mann-Whitney U and Jonckheere–Terpstra test was used to evaluate the association between the tendencies of a different group of prescribers.p-value of &lt;0.05 was of statistical significance.Results:Over the 3 months, 50,705 prescriptions were screened and analyzed according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 4,126 (8.13%) URTI prescriptions met the inclusion criteria, of which 2,880 (69.80%) prescriptions contained antibiotics. Among all antibiotics, penicillins (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate) were the most prescribed antibiotic, constituting 1,323 (45.9%) of total antibiotics prescribed for all cases, followed by the Macrolide group 527 (18.2%). The Jonckheere–Terpstra test revealed a statistically significant association between the status of the prescriber and the diagnosis (p= 0.002). Furthermore, a moderate positive trend was reported with specialists being more competent in antibiotic prescribing based on their diagnosis, followed by postgraduates and house officers (τ = 0.322).Conclusion:The prescribing patterns for the management of URTIs in the hospital were inconsistent with current guidelines. Strict adherence to guidelines must be ensured and antibiotic prescribing for URTIs should be discouraged.
ENSURING INDEPENDENCE OF LOCAL BUDGETS UNDER CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION
Authors: PYSMENNYI Vitalii 
Published: November 2021

The article investigates the modern conditions and problems of forming local budget revenues in Ukraine. It is determined that local budgets must function as a well-oiled machine ensuring the equivalence of financial resources and planned allocations under conditions of financial decentralization. Approaches to ensuring budgetary independence are substantiated, outlining the tools necessary for local self-government bodies to ensure their capacity to develop. It is established that increased emphasis on independence of local budgets can become one the levers used for ensuring the local finance system complies with the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine». For this purpose, local self-governments are recommended to establish a sufficient and stable revenue base by introducing their own taxes and fees, expanding the non-tax revenue sources, changing the distribution of the revenues from the income tax and corporate tax between government budgets of different levels, creating community funds of economic development, balancing subsidies and subventions. It is argued that budgetary independence is an economic ideal that local self-government bodies should strive for. Its antipodes are rigid financial dependence of local budgets on state budgets, lack of own revenues, and ineffective distribution of funds between budgets of different levels. Additionally, the revenue sources specified in the legislature do not allow the authorities to sustain expenditures with the levies at local level. It is substantiated that territories with independent local budgets can create the state economic environment that corresponds to the principles of financial decentralization.
THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF MICROECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: DEMIANCHUK Maryna 
Published: November 2021

The article determines the essence, distinctive features and functions of the balanced development of microeconomic systems under the influence of globalization phenomena and digital transformations. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was formed by the evolutionary-cyclical theory and the theory of dynamic equilibrium, the main approaches to balanced (sustainable) development. In the course of the study, methods of dialectical cognition, generalization and scientific abstraction were used, the use of which made it possible to form the theoretical foundations of the balanced development of microeconomic systems, taking into account globalization, informatization and digital transformations. The factors of positive and negative influence of globalization processes on the microeconomic systems activity have been established. A coherent relationship between the modern patterns of microeconomic systems development and infocommunication technologies and services they use, was revealed, taking into account the created synergistic effect, which makes it possible to determine the influence of infocommunication technologies on the digital literacy of society and the development of digital economy by taking into account their availability and intensity of use. It is noted that the balanced development of microeconomic systems is a dynamic category aimed at optimizing the process of achieving balanced economic, social and environmental development through the implementation of the dynamic relationship of new functions and qualitative characteristics of systems. It has been determined that the balanced development of microeconomic systems is characterized by excellent features, in particular: economic, ecological, energy and social. The aggregate of microeconomic systems functions, implemented by them in the context of sustainable development and necessary for solving external and internal problems of ensuring high-quality and stable development in the long term, maintaining a dynamic balance and relying on their own capabilities, is characterized. Based on the generalization of existing theoretical approaches and basic provisions of the sustainable development concept at different levels of the hierarchy, taking into account globalization, informatization and digital transformations, a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of microeconomic systems was further developed, based on the establishment of the characteristic distinctive features of the balanced development of enterprises, the activities of which are investigated from the standpoint of their implementation of the totality economic, social and environmental functions.
ANALISIS INTEGRASI DAN KOORDINASI TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI REFOCUSING ANGGARAN DALAM PENANGANAN COVID 19
Authors: Nurdiani Dini 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini, Pemerintah Provinsi Banten dihadapkan pada kondisi perekonomian daerah yang lesu akibat pandemi Covid-19 sehingga diperlukan skema pengaturan kebijakan anggaran daerah, mulai dari pengaturan pendapatan daerah, belanja daerah, hingga penetapan anggaran belanja daerah. Pengaturan pembiayaan daerah. Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Keuangan dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, Pemerintah Daerah berkewajiban membuat mekanisme penetapan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah melalui refocusing dan realokasi anggaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan penganggaran daerah dalam studi kasus pandemi Covid-19 pada Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan pengelolaan APBD pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Pemerintah Provinsi Banten bahwa, Pemerintah Provinsi Banten telah menjalankan pengelolaan anggaran sesuai dengan arahan dan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Banten. pemerintah pusat melalui mekanisme refocusing dan realokasi anggaran pendapatan, belanja, dan pembiayaan daerah secara tepat. ABSTRACTThe problem in this research, the Provincial Government of Banten faced on the condition of the regional economy sluggish due to pandemic Covid-19 so it requires a scheme of setting budgetary policy of regions, ranging from setting regional revenue, regional expenditure, up to the setting of local financing. According to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Finance and Minister of internal Affairs, Local Government is obliged to make the mechanism of setting the Budget Revenue and Expenditure through refocusing and reallocation of the budget. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of local budgeting in the pandemic Covid-19 study case on Local Government of Banten Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using Purposive Sampling. The results showed the policy of the management of the regional budget in the pandemic Covid-19 at the Provincial Government of Banten that, the Provincial Government of Banten has been running a budget management in accordance with the directives and policies that have been set by the central government through the mechanism of refocusing and reallocation of the budget revenue, expenditure, and financing the area appropriately.
ANALISIS LAPORAN AKUNTANBILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH PADA BADAN PENGELOLAAN PENDAPATAN DAERAH KABUPATEN CIANJUR
Authors: Hidayat Indra Muhammad Syarief , Nurseptiani Della , Faisal Faisal 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan latar belakang banyaknya kejadian korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme yang semakin merajalela di lingkungan instansi pemerintahan, sehingga banyak realisasi pekerjaan yang tidak mencapai target yang telah ditentukan pada periode tertentu. Hal ini juga mengakibatkan banyaknya pihak yang menyoroti terhadap akuntabilitas pemerintahan. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP) yang disajikan apakah telah memenuhi fungsinya sebagai alat penatausahaan, pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban serta sesuai dengan PERMENPAN & RB Nomor 53 Tahun 2014 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Perjanjian Kinerja, Pelaporan Kinerja dan Tata Cara Reviu Atas Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dalam pemaparan dari setiap indikator yang didapat dari laporan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Instansi Pemerintah Kabupaten Cianjur. Adapun data yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari website Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah yang disajikan oleh Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur bersifat informatif dan telah sesuai dengan yang diamanatkan oleh PERMENPAN & RB Nomor 53 Tahun 2014. ABSTRACTThis research was conducted against the background of the many incidents of corruption, collusion and nepotism that are increasingly rampant in government agencies, so that many work realizations do not reach the predetermined targets in a certain period. This has also resulted in many parties highlighting government accountability. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the Government Agency Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP) presented whether it has fulfilled its function as an administrative, reporting and accountability tool and is in accordance with PERMENPAN & RB Number 53 of 2014 concerning Technical Guidelines for Performance Agreements, Performance Reporting and Governance How to Review Government Agency Performance Reports. The method used in this study is a descriptive method in the exposure of each indicator obtained from the Financial Accountability Report of the Cianjur Regency Government Agencies. The data used by the author is qualitative data obtained from the website of the Regional Revenue Management Agency of Cianjur Regency. The results of this study indicate that the Performance Accountability Reportof Government Agencies presented by the Regional Revenue Management Agency of Cianjur Regency is informative and has been in accordance with the mandate of PERMENPAN & RB Number 53 of 2014.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH JAWA BARAT DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI
Authors: Abubakar Rahmi Widia Aliani 
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan pemerintah Jawa Barat dalam upaya pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dimasa Pandemi Covid-19. Terdapat 9 skala prioritas kebijakan diantaranya adalah (1) Akses pendidikan untuk semua; (2) Desentralisasi layanan kesehatan; (3) Pertumbuhan ekonomi umat berbasis inovasi; (4) Pengembangan destinasi dan infrastruktur pariwisata; (5) Pendidikan agama dan tempat ibadah juara; (6) Infrastruktur konektivitas wilayah; (7) Gerakan Membangun Desa (Gerbang Desa); (8) Subsidi gratis golongan ekonomi lemah; dan (9) Inovasi pelayanan publik dan penataan daerah.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitiancase studies, dimana 9 kebijakan pemerintah dianalisis dengan melihat realisasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pemerintah dilapangan. Data diperoleh dari RKPD yang dipaparkan dalam acara BAPPEDA Jabar. Hasil penelitian yang dicapai melalui analisis kualitatif meliputi keselarasan kebijakan pemerintah dengan praktek dilapangan. AbstractThis study aims to analyze the policies of the West Java government in an effort to grow the regional economy during the Covid-19 pandemic. There are 9 policy priority scales including (1) Access to education for all; (2) Decentralization of health services; (3) The economic growth of the people based on innovation; (4) Development of tourism destinations and infrastructure; (5) Religious education and places of worship are champions; (6) Regional connectivity infrastructure; (7) Village Building Movement (Village Gate); (8) Free subsidies for weak economic groups; and (9) Public service innovation and regional arrangement. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies research methods, where 9 government policies are analyzed by looking at the realization of the implementation of government policies in the field. The data was obtained from the RKPD which was presented at the West Java BAPPEDA event. The research results achieved through qualitative analysis include the alignment of government policies with practice in the field.