bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal body composition in pregnancy among HIV‐infected Malawians: Results of the BAN Study
Authors: Thomas Roshan M , Adair Linda , Chasela Charles , Bentley Margaret , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Knight Rod , Piwoz Ellen , Ahmed Yusuf , Mkhomawanthu Chimwemwe , Martinson Francis , Chitsulo Pindile , Kayira Dumbani , Jamieson Denise , van der Horst Charles 
Published: June 2021

We describe change in weight, midupper arm circumference (MUAC), arm muscle (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA) in 1130 pregnant HIV‐infected women with CD4 counts > 200 as part of the BAN Study (www.thebanstudy.org), a randomized, controlled clinical trialto evaluate antiretroviral and nutrition interventions to reducemother‐to‐child transmission of HIV during breast feeding. In a longitudinal analysis, we found a linear increase in weight with a mean rate of weight gain of 0.24 kgs/wk, from baseline (12 to 30 wks gestation) until the last follow‐up visit (32 to 38 wks). Analysis of weight gain showed that 17.1% of the intervals between visits resulted in a weight loss. In unadjusted models, MUAC and AMA increased and AFA declined during late pregnancy. Based on multivariable regression analysis, exposure to the famine season resulted in larger losses in AMA [−0.082, 95%CI: −.14, −.02; p=.01] while AFA losses occurred irrespective of season [−0.556, 95%: −.97, −.14, p=.01]. CD4 count was associated with AFA [.002, 95%CI: .001, .003, p=.03]. Age was positively associated with AMA and AFA [AMA: 0.162, 95%CI: 07, .26; p<.01; AFA: 0.200, 95%CI: (.11, .29), p<.01]. Wealth index was positively associated with AFA [0.830, 95%CI: 0.53, 1.13; p<.01]. Low rate of weight gain and decreasing AFA during pregnancy among HIV‐infected women is of concern. Strategies to optimize nutrition during pregnancy appear warranted.Grant Funding Source: CDC and NIH
Increased prevalence of high body mass index (BMI) among persons with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa
Authors: Dieterich Megan Elizabeth , Witten Chantell , Chopra Mickey , Humphries Debbie 
Published: June 2021

The Western Cape Provincial Department of Health provides nutritional support to underweight (BMI<18.5) HIV patients on ART. Initial evaluation suggested that patients starting ART are more often overweight than underweight. ART may worsen obesity related health conditions, such as heart disease. In turn, obesity may increase side‐effects of ART.ObjectiveTo determine the BMI distribution of patients presenting for ART, and weight change with 3 months of ART, in Mitchells Plain Community Health Center.MethodA retrospective medical record review of HIV patients ages 18–65 initiating ART between August 1‐Oct 31, 2008 (n=117, 63% female, 37% male).ResultsPrevalence of underweight (BMI<18.5) was 12.0%, while 32.5% were overweight (BMI>25). The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among females than males (42% vs. 16%, p=0.016). Three‐months after initiation of ART, 62% had weight gain with a mean gain of 5.37 kg. Significantly more men gained weight than women (87% vs. 48%, p=0.003). Prevalence of overweight increased to 45% after 3 months of ART with a significant increase in mean BMI from 23.2 to 24.1 (p<0.01). Prevalence of underweight decreased to 2.4%. Of patients with BMI >25, 44.2% were on an ART regime contraindicated with high BMI.ConclusionIn peri‐urban African settings overweight/obesity may be an emerging issue for HIV patients on ART. Source of Funding: Downs Fellowship
Dietary intake is differentially associated with overweight and central adiposity between sexes in Mexican adults: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Kanter Rebecca M. , Rivera Juan A. , Caballero Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

We examined associations of dietary indicators with measures of overweight (OW) (BMI ≥25) and central adiposity (CA) [WC ≥80cm in females (F) and ≥90 cm in males (M)] by sex in a sample of healthy adults 20–49y [n=10,260; M, 3750; F, 6510] who completed a FFQ in the 2006 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Cluster analysis (n=11,254; M, 4226; F, 7028) revealed four main dietary patterns for both sexes [alcohol (AL), meat/dairy/high‐energy dense (M/D/HED), mixed (MIX), cereals (CER)]. Weighted linear and logistic multi‐level models assessed associations between OW or CA and dietary indicator. Overweight‐F were more likely than OW‐M to consume higher intakes of fat (10g/d) [(adjusted odd‐ratio (OR) (95% CI): 1.11 (CI, 1.06, 1.17); P<0.000], refined carbohydrates (100kcal/d) [1.09 (CI, 1.04, 1.14); P<0.000], sugar (10g/d) [1.17 (CI, 1.11, 1.23); P<0.000], and dairy (100kcal/d) [1.24 (CI, 1.16, 1.33); P<0.000]. Overweight‐F were more likely to consume the M/D/HED pattern [1.51 (CI, 1.25, 1.82); P<0.000] than OW‐M. While OW‐F were less likely to consume the AL [.17 (CI, .08, .36); P<0.000] or CER [.32 (CI, .19, .54); P<0.000] patterns compared to OW‐M. Similar associations were seen comparing CA‐F to CA‐M. Diet and the environmental context in which it is influenced are related to between‐sex differences in OW and CA. This project was done without any research support.Grant Funding Source: None
Dietary factors related to body weight in adult Vietnamese in the rural area of Haiphong, Vietnam
Authors: Hwang Ji‐Yun , Kim Sun Hye , Lee Yo A , Chung Hye Won , Nguyet Tran Thi Phuc , Chang Namsoo , Kim Wha Young 
Published: June 2021

This study was to examine the association between dietary factors and underweight and overweight adult Vietnamese living in the rural areas of Haiphong, Vietnam. A cross‐sectional study of 497 Vietnamese aged 19 to 60 years was conducted and subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, and overweight based on BMI. A high prevalence of both underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) was observed (14.2% and 21.6% for males and 18.9% and 20.6% for females, respectively). For both genders, the overweight group were older than the under‐ and normal weight groups (P=0.0118 for males and P=0.0002 for females). In females, the overweight group consumed significantly less cereals (P=0.0033), energy (P=0.0046), protein (P=0.0222), and carbohydrate (P=0.0006) and more fruits (P=0.0026) than the underweight group; however, no such differences existed in males. The overweight subjects overate more frequently (P=0.0295) and consumed fish (P=0.0096) and fruits (P=0.0083) more often. The prevalence of both underweight and overweight individuals pose serious public health problems in the rural areas of Vietnamese and the overweight group was related to overeating and high fish and fruit consumption.This work was supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Brain Korea 21 project in 2009.
Plasma sulfur amino acids and glutathione response to methionine loading in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Borges‐Santos Maria Dorotéia , Pereira Paulo Camara Marques , Burini Roberto Carlos 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDHIV patients present lower plasma levels of GSH and all sulfur amino acids (SAA). We hypothesize that methionine (Met) supply would restore mostly of the GSH biosynthesis.PURPOSETo examine the responses of plasma GSH and SAA to an acute load of Met (ML).METHODSIn 20 control subjects and 12 HIV‐infected patients under HAART, plasma SAA and GSH were measured in response to a ML (0.1 g/kg). Blood samples were taken before, 2h and 4 h after ML and the plasma Met disappearance rate was measured by area under the curve (AUC). The groups were compared using Wilcoxon's test (p<0.05).RESULTSThe baseline GSH and SAA levels were significantly lower in HIV than controls. These differences persisted even after the ML (Met: 1811 vs 1555mm2, Hcy: 99 vs 118mm2; Cys: 1179 vs 1537mm2; Tau: 385 vs 443mm2). The response profile to ML was similar in both groups with an increasing in postload Tau and no changes in plasma GSH or its redox status.CONCLUSIONSIn the presence of ML Cys is not fully converted to GSH being probably turned aside to Tau. Supported by Fapesp, CNPq.
Influence of food matrix and processing on release of almond protein during simulated digestion
Authors: Wickham Martin Sean John , Vardakou Maria , Bisignano Giuseppe , Mandalari Giuseppina 
Published: June 2021

Understanding how food matrix and processing affect protein digestion is key to determining stability of certain protein which may be involved in allergenic reactions. Here we describe the release of protein from almond during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion and the effects of food structure on the stability of the globulins and the albumins. A dynamic gastric model of digestion (DGM) which provides a realistic and predictive simulation of the physical and chemical processing and accurately mimics both the transit time and the luminal environment within the human stomach was used for the digestion studies. Results showed a rapid protein digestion under the low pH conditions of the stomach, with no differences between blanched almond flour and almond flour with skin. A slower kinetic of protein digestion was observed when almond flour was incorporated within a food matrix, such as chocolate dessert. Food matrix influences almond protein digestibility in relation to different residence time in the gut and effects of food processing.This work has been funded by the Almond Board of California.
Using routine blood chemistry results to estimate changes in plasma AA during experimental endotoxemia
Authors: Price Kathryn L. , Utt Matthew D. , Lee Hanbae , Escobar Jeffery 
Published: June 2021

Plasma amino acids (AA) markedly change during infection, but they are rarely monitored during hospitalization. Arg, Glu, Ala, and the aromatic AA have important immunological functions. Young pigs (26.9±1.1 kg, n=9) were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter for blood sampling. After a 2‐h feeding period, pigs were given 10 μg/kg BW of E. coli‐derived LPS i.v. Plasma AA and several blood metabolites (e.g., creatinine, urea N, protein, P, Ca, TG, HDL, glucose, lactate, etc.) were measured every 2 h for 12 h. Quadratic changes (P<0.04) in Pro, Arg, Tyr, Val, Leu, Asn, Ile, Met, Phe, Orn, and Trp were determined after LPS injection. Plasma total protein (PTP, r2=0.003 to 0.18) and urea N (BUN, r2=0.001 to 0.23) were poorly correlated to plasma AA levels during an LPS challenge. The use of multiple blood chemistry results better (P<0.01) accounted for plasma levels of Arg (R2=0.61), Ala (R2=0.80), Trp (R2=0.75), Phe (R2=0.77), Tyr (R2=0.67), Met (R2=0.62), Lys (R2=0.30), Leu (R2=0.71), and Val (R2=0.69) than PTP or BUN alone. These findings suggest that plasma AA could be estimated using various routine blood chemistry results. Funding: Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station.Grant Funding Source: Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
In Utero Glucocorticoid (GLC) Exposure Reduces Fetal Skeletal Muscle Growth in Rats
Authors: Gokulakrishnan Ganga , Estrada Irma J , Sosa Horacio A , Fiorotto Marta L 
Published: June 2021

Maternal undernutrition and stress expose the fetus to above normal levels of GLC and predispose to intrauterine growth restriction. The aim of this study was to determine if fetal GLC exposure impairs skeletal muscle growth independently of maternal undernutrition. Three groups (n=7/group) of timed‐pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were studied: Control (CON): ad libitum food intake. DEX: ad libitum food intake, oral DEX from embryonic day (ED) 13 to 21. Pair‐fed (PF): pair‐fed to DEX. On ED 22 (term), prior to surgical delivery, in vivo fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR) and total protein content of the fetal quadriceps and diaphragm muscles were measured.RESULTSDEX treatment (89 ± 6 μg/(kg.d)) reduced maternal food intake by 13% (P<0.001) and weight gain by 82% (P<0.001). DEX and PF muscle protein masses were 60% and 80% of CON respectively (P<0.01). Protein FSR was decreased by 35% in DEX fetuses (P<0.001), whereas protein FSR in PF muscles were the same as CON.CONCLUSIONSA modest reduction in maternal food intake impaired muscle growth. Reduced maternal food intake combined with GLC exposure exacerbated the effects on muscle growth. This can be explained by the effects of GLC on rates of fetal muscle protein synthesis combined with the effects of maternal food restriction on fetal muscle protein degradation.Supported by USDA/ARS grant no. 58‐6250‐6‐001 and NIH AR‐46308Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA/ARS grant no. 58‐6250‐6‐001 and NIH AR‐46308
Cognitive function after endurance exercise: a comparison between Gatorade® and a placebo
Authors: Rosney Daniel Michael , Williams Brian , Burton Harold , Leddy John , Willer Barry , Wilding Gregory , Shan Guogen , Horvath Peter 
Published: June 2021

Since Gatorade® (G) is a glucose formulation that improves exogenous glucose availability; we propose ingestion prior to exercise will improve the expected impaired cognitive function commonly associated with prolonged exercise.12 highly trained cyclists (3 females, 9 males; 19–44 yrs; average VO2 peak 60.4L/kg*min) exercised at 65% VO2 peak for 2 hours on a cycle ergometer while heart rate, core body temperature, expired O2/CO2, RER, RPE, glucose and lactate were collected every 30 minutes beginning at 30 minutes prior to exercise when G or a placebo (P) was ingested (500 ml). An Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) computerized cognitive function test was given prior to and post exercise.Blood glucose averages were significantly different at the start of exercise for G and P (133.1 mg/dL ± 23.2 and 86.2 mg/dL ± 10.1; p=.0001) while after exercise there was no difference (95.3 mg/dL ±13.9 and 81.2 mg/dL ± 17.3) respectively. While both median (p=.002) and mean (p=.01) reaction time for spatial processing decreased after exercise for G, there was no difference when compared to P. No other improvements in cognitive ability were found compared to P, as well as core body temperature, heart rate, RPE, lactate, and RER were not different. Overall, there was no reduction in cognitive function after exercising at 65% VO2 peak for 2 hours.
Acculturation, dietary behaviors and body mass index among Korean immigrants
Authors: Jasti Sunitha , Lee Chang Hyun , Doak Colleen 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the effect of acculturation on dietary behavior and body mass index (BMI) among Korean immigrants in New York.MethodA cross‐sectional survey assessed acculturation level, dietary behaviors, and BMI of 195 church going Korean immigrants in New York metropolitan area.ResultsMean (SD) acculturation was 2.25 (0.4) on a scale of 0–5, and mean length of residence was 9.7 (6.6) years in our sample. Highly acculturated Korean immigrants (score>3) were more likely than others to more frequently consume American fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, fried potatoes, pizza, and chips. However, they are also more likely to consume fruits, fruit juice and fiber cereals more often. The association of high acculturation with unhealthy fast food consumption remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis that controlled for sociodemographic and other confounders. Additionally, this fast food consumption was significantly associated with being overweight or obese even after controlling for confounders (OR=2.6; CI=1.1, 6.5).ConclusionsIn Korean immigrants, acculturation relates to unhealthy as well as healthy dietary behaviors. Acculturation is associated with frequent consumption of American fast foods, a risk factor for obesity in this population.
Variation of carnitine concentrations in beef
Authors: Abuzaid Almass A , Reecy James M , Tait Richard , Beitz Donald C 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to quantify the naturally occurring L‐carnitine, acylated carntine, and total carnitine in Angus beef. Our ultimate goal is to optimize the genotype of an animal to select beef cattle with high carnitine concentration. Discovery samples were collected from 1,056 purebred Angus bulls, steers, and heifers beef from different parts of the US. These samples were used to quantify forms of carnitine in beef. Additionally, about 1,000 validation samples were collected to validate discovery data. The spectrophotometric and enzymatic quantification was used to determine the concentration of different forms of carnitine. Concentration of L‐carnitine (3.4 ± 0.032 μmol/g) was approximately 4‐fold of that of acylated carnitine (0.87 ± 0.005 μmol/g). Also, L‐carnitine ranges from 1.56 to 3.63 μmol/g, acylated carnitine ranges from 0.60 to 0.90 μmol/g, and total carnitine ranges from 2.1 to 4.5 μmol/g. In summary, beef from some cattle contains two times more total carnitine than from other cattle and thus we are interested in further investigating genetic or managerial controls of carnitine to produce beef high in carnitine for carnitine‐conscious consumers.Funding source. PFIZER Animal Genetics Company
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet concordance and coronary heart disease risk in overweight and obese college women
Authors: Cook Emily Anne , Smith Chelsea L , Domos Carly A , Delmonico Mathew J , Lofgren Ingrid E 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) kills 1 in 2 females in the US. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is shown to be a valid dietary intervention to decrease CHD risk.PurposeTo determine prevalence of CHD risk factors and their association with DASH score in overweight/obese college females.MethodsSixty‐four overweight/obese (BMI 29.7±3.6 kg/m2) college women (19.1±1.0 yrs) were studied. Measures collected included: 12hr fasted blood on 2 non‐consecutive days, dietary intake from 3 non‐consecutive recalls using the Nutrition Data System for Research, and % body fat (BF) using air displacement plethysmography. Enzymatic methods were used to determine low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels. DASH score was calculated using a 15‐point scale according to DASH recommendations. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between DASH and CHD risk.ResultsMean DASH score (6.1±1.9) was significantly correlated with mean LDL‐C (92.0±27.0 mg/dL, r=−0.30) and % BF (36.8±6.1, r=−0.30). Higher DASH score was a significant predictor for decreased LDL‐C (t(64)=−2.4, p<0.05) and % BF (t(64)=−2.2, p<0.05). Neither remained significant when multiple regression was run.ConclusionImproving DASH concordance may decrease CHD risk. More research is needed to determine specific effects on CHD risk in overweight/obese college women.
ZymoGrain™ (ZG) supplementation improves lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice with high‐fat diet induced obesity
Authors: Cha Youn‐Soo , Moon Yeon‐Jeong , Choi Ji‐Hae , Ko Myung‐Suk 
Published: June 2021

ZymoGrain™ was evaluated for its protective effects against the adverse effects of a high fat diet (60% fat kcal). High fat diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice were divided into 6 groups; normal diet group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD), HD plus 3% barley group, HD plus 1.5% ZG group, HD plus 3% ZG group and HD plus 5% ZG group and fed for 12 weeks.Finally, body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly higher in the HD than ND, but were lower when the high fat diet was combined with ZG. ZG supplements altered levels of ACC, CPT‐1, PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ mRNA levels in the liver.These results suggest that ZG supplementation may help prevent diet‐induced obesity and related metabolic abnormalities.(This study was supported by grant No. 70004567 from Ministry of Knowledge Economy)
Association of nutritional status and diet quality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kim Hyerang , Lim Hyungchung , Choue Ryowon 
Published: June 2021

Variety and adequacy of food intake as well as dietary pattern affect nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) patient's. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of diet and nutritional status in HD patients and to find out the relationships among the variables. We assessed nutritional status and diet quality of 63 HD patients (age: 55.3 ± 11.9 yrs; men/women ratio: 49.2%/50.8%) using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and 3‐day diet recall methods, respectively. Patient's daily energy intake (DEI) and protein intake (DPI) were 21.9 ± 6.7 kcal/BW/day and 0.9 ± 0.3 g/BW/day, respectively. About 70% of HD patients appeared to have lower daily energy and protein intake compared to recommended amount. More than 50% of HD patients had lower intake of vitamin C, B1, B2, niacin, folate, calcium, and zinc below75% of Dietary recommended intakes. Nutrient intakes per 1,000kcal indicated that HD patients had diets that were lower in nutrient density for Vitamin C, B1, B2, folate, and calcium. There was significant positive correlation between DEI and SGA scores (r=0.3, p<0.05). DQI‐I was significantly correlated with DEI, DPI and lean body mass (kg) (r=0.5, p<0.01; r=0.4, p<0.01; r=0.3, p<0.05, respectively). As increased in disease severity measured by End‐Stage Renal Disease Severity Index (ESRD‐SI), FVS score decreased (r=−0.3, p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that HD patients in Korea consumed less calories, protein, vitamin C, B1, B2, folate, and calcium than recommended amount for each nutrient for HD patients. This study also confirmed that nutritional status and disease severity were significantly correlated with dietary quality.Grant Funding Source: ASN
Development of the Korean Food Guide
Authors: Yang Eunju , Lim Young Suk , Kim Hye Young , Kang Myung‐Hee 
Published: June 2021

The Korean Food Guide ‘Food Pagoda’ has provided a foundation of food choice since developed in 1995 by the Korean Nutrition Society. The Korean Food Pagoda focused on nutrient variety and suggested food intake as a foundation diet rather than a total diet. The purposes of this research were to develop Food Guide that recommended ‘a total diet’ and to provide a dietary guidance tool translating the guidelines into practical and actionable advice with personalized guidance. Concepts for a new Food Guide design were obtained from design competition and professionals. A new Food Guide developed is a water mill type composed of typical Korean food/dish groups (Grain dishes, Vegetable dishes, meat and fish dishes, milk, fruits, and oil and sugars). Food intake patterns were developed for the Food Guide based on appropriate energy levels for patterns, nutritional goals for patterns, food grouping, nutrient profiles in each food group, and food group amounts that meet nutrient goals within energy intake level. Energy levels were conjugated to 4 types food intake pattern model (1600, 2000, 2400, and 2800kcal). The Korean Food Guidance system based on graphic approach has been developing to guide the public to plan their overall diet using food intake pattern modeling.(Funded by the Korean Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries)