bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international 3‐center training and reading study to assess basal cell carcinoma surgical margins with ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy
Authors: Kose Kivanc , Fox Christi Alessi , Rossi Anthony , Jain Manu , Cordova Miguel , Dusza Stephen W. , Ragazzi Moira , Gardini Stefano , Moscarella Elvira , Diaz Alba , Pigem Ramon , Gonzalez Salvador , Bennassar Antoni , Carrera Cristina , Longo Caterina , Rajadhyaksha Milind , Nehal Kishwer S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNovel solutions are needed for expediting margin assessment to guide basal cell carcinoma (BCC) surgeries. Ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is starting to be used in freshly excised surgical specimens to examine BCC margins in real time. Training and educational process are needed for this novel technology to be implemented into clinic.ObjectiveTo test a training and reading process, and measure diagnostic accuracy of clinicians with varying expertise level in reading ex vivo FCM images.MethodsAn international three‐center study was designed for training and reading to assess BCC surgical margins and residual subtypes. Each center included a lead dermatologic/Mohs surgeon (clinical developer of FCM) and three additional readers (dermatologist, dermatopathologist, dermatologic/Mohs surgeon), who use confocal in clinical practice. Testing was conducted on 30 samples.ResultsOverall, the readers achieved 90% average sensitivity, 78% average specificity in detecting residual BCC margins, showing high and consistent diagnostic reading accuracy. Those with expertise in dermatologic surgery and dermatopathology showed the strongest potential for learning to assess FCM images.LimitationsSmall dataset, variability in mosaic quality between centers.ConclusionSuggested process is feasible and effective. This process is proposed for wider implementation to facilitate wider adoption of FCM to potentially expedite BCC margin assessment to guide surgery in real time.
Risk factors for early‐onset basal cell carcinomas and the trend towards their female predominance
Authors: Matas‐Nadal Clara , Sagristà Marc , Gómez‐Arbonés Xavier , Sobrino Bermejo Carmen , Fernández‐Armenteros Josep Manel , Àngel Baldó Joan , Casanova Seuma Josep Manel , Aguayo Ortiz Rafael 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBackgroundA dramatic rise in the incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in young women has been reported.ObjectivesWe investigate potential risk factors (RF) for sporadic BCC in young patients and the current distribution of such RF in the general population of Catalonia, comparing the differences among men and women.Patients and MethodsA case‐control study was performed, 69 BCCs diagnosed in patients ≤ 45 years of age vs. 69 healthy controls. Afterward, 1,078 participants from the general population completed an RF questionnaire.ResultsRepeated sunburns were more frequent in instances of early‐onset BCC in covered skin than in sun‐exposed skin (P = 0.029). In the general population, 39.1 % of participants reported sunbed use (50.1 % in women, 10.9 % in men). Sunbed use was the only relevant RF more predominant in women than men, favoring the trend to female predominance of BCCs above other RF. Additionally, we found a significant trend in young participants for reduced sunbed use (P < 0.001), although they had the same percentage of repeated sunburns. Repeated sunburns are the most relevant RF for early‐onset BCCs that can be targeted in prevention campaigns.ConclusionsWe should be aware of the more relevant RF for early‐onset BCCs and their distribution among the general population to address preventive campaigns.
Sex hormones and acne: State of the art
Authors: Hu Tingting , Wei Ziyu , Ju Qiang , Chen WenChieh 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAcne is an androgen‐dependent inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the underlying pathways of androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, non‐genomic regulation of androgen receptor expression and function, posttranslational regulation of androgen excess in acne and acne‐associated syndromes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We provide insights into the involvement of sex hormones, particularly androgens, in skin homeostasis and acne pathogenesis, including comedogenesis, lipogenesis, microbiota, and inflammation. Advanced understanding of the action mechanisms of classical acne treatment and new development of antiandrogens, both topical and systemic, are also highlighted.
MR‐proADM as marker of endotheliitis predicts COVID‐19 severity
Authors: García de Guadiana‐Romualdo Luis , Calvo Nieves María Dolores , Rodríguez Mulero María Dolores , Calcerrada Alises Ismael , Hernández Olivo Marta , Trapiello Fernández Wysali , González Morales Mercedes , Bolado Jiménez Cristina , Albaladejo‐Otón María Dolores , Fernández Ovalle Hilda , Conesa Hernández Andrés , Azpeleta Manrique Eugenio , Consuegra‐Sánchez Luciano , Nogales Martín Leonor , Conesa Zamora Pablo , Andaluz‐Ojeda David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of patients at high risk of progression to severe COVID‐19 constituted an unsolved challenge. Although growing evidence demonstrates a direct association between endotheliitis and severe COVID‐19, the role of endothelial damage biomarkers has been scarcely studied. We investigated the relationship between circulating mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) levels, a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, and prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients.MethodsProspective observational study enrolling adult patients with confirmed COVID‐19. On admission to emergency department, a blood sample was drawn for laboratory test analysis. Primary and secondary endpoints were 28‐day all‐cause mortality and severe COVID‐19 progression. Area under the curve (AUC) and multivariate regression analysis were employed to assess the association of the biomarker with the established endpoints.ResultsA total of 99 patients were enrolled. During hospitalization, 25 (25.3%) cases progressed to severe disease and the 28‐day mortality rate was of 14.1%. MR‐proADM showed the highest AUC to predict 28‐day mortality (0.905; [CI] 95%: 0.829‐0.955; P < .001) and progression to severe disease (0.829; [CI] 95%: 0.740‐0.897; P < .001), respectively. MR‐proADM plasma levels above optimal cut‐off (1.01 nmol/L) showed the strongest independent association with 28‐day mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 10.470, 95% CI: 2.066‐53.049; P < .005) and with progression to severe disease (HR: 6.803, 95% CI: 1.458‐31.750; P = .015).ConclusionMid‐regional proadrenomedullin was the biomarker with highest performance for prognosis of death and progression to severe disease in COVID‐19 patients and represents a promising predictor for both outcomes, which might constitute a potential tool in the assessment of prognosis in early stages of this disease.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches
Authors: Dongiovanni Paola , Paolini Erika , Corsini Alberto , Sirtori Cesare R. , Ruscica Massimiliano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundA consensus of experts has proposed to replace the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is 25%, with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to describe more appropriately the liver disease related to metabolic derangements. MAFLD is closely intertwined with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, all linked to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Since controversy still stands on whether or not NAFLD/MAFLD raises the odds of CVD, the present review aims to evaluate the impact of NAFLD/MAFLD aetiologies on CV health and the potential correction by dietary and drug approaches.ResultsEpidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD raises risk of fatal or non‐fatal CVD events. NAFLD patients have a higher prevalence of arterial plaques and stiffness, coronary calcification, and endothelial dysfunction. Although genetic and environmental factors strongly contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis, a Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that the PNPLA3 genetic variant leading to NAFLD may not be causally associated with CVD risk. Among other genetic variants related to NAFLD, TM6SF2 appears to be protective, whereas MBOAT7 may favour venous thromboembolism.ConclusionsNAFLD is correlated to a higher CVD risk which may be ameliorated by dietary interventions. This is not surprising, since new criteria defining MAFLD include other metabolic risk abnormalities fuelling development of serious adverse extrahepatic outcomes, for example CVD. The present lack of a targeted pharmacological approach makes the identification of patients with liver disease at higher CVD risk (eg diabetes, hypertension, obesity or high levels of C‐reactive protein) of major clinical interest.
SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infection risk in Austria
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Chakeri Ali , Ioannidis John PA , Richter Lukas , Theiler‐Schwetz Verena , Trummer Christian , Krause Robert , Allerberger Franz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundA key question concerning coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is how effective and long lasting immunity against this disease is in individuals who were previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We aimed to evaluate the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infections in the general population in Austria.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study using national SARS‐CoV‐2 infection data from the Austrian epidemiological reporting system. As the primary outcome, we aim to compare the odds of SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infections of COVID‐19 survivors of the first wave (February to April 30, 2020) versus the odds of first infections in the remainder general population by tracking polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐confirmed infections of both groups during the second wave from September 1 to November 30, 2020. Re‐infection counts are tentative, since it cannot be excluded that the positive PCR in the first and/or second wave might have been a false positive.ResultsWe recorded 40 tentative re‐infections in 14 840 COVID‐19 survivors of the first wave (0.27%) and 253 581 infections in 8 885 640 individuals of the remaining general population (2.85%) translating into an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.09 (0.07 to 0.13).ConclusionsWe observed a relatively low re‐infection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Austria. Protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 after natural infection is comparable with the highest available estimates on vaccine efficacies. Further well‐designed research on this issue is urgently needed for improving evidence‐based decisions on public health measures and vaccination strategies.
Reference values for the EORTC QLQ‐C30 in patients with advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma and in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors
Authors: Vachon Hugo , Mierzynska Justyna , Taye Mekdes , Pe Madeline , Coens Corneel , Martinelli Francesca , Fortpied Catherine , Flechtner Hans‐Henning , Vestmoe Maraldo Maja , Hutchings Martin , Meijnders Paul , Aleman Berthe , Lugtenburg Pieternella , Spina Michele , André Marc , Hertzberg Mark , Briones Javier , Bottomley Andrew ,   the EORTC Quality of Life Group, Lymphoma Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo provide reference values for the European Organisation for Treatment and Research of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ‐C30) in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients and 5‐year HL survivors. The QLQ‐C30 is the most widely used cancer‐specific questionnaire to assess Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).MethodsThe EORTC database was searched to identify HL RCTs in which patients’ and survivors’ HRQoL was assessed by the QLQ‐C30. HRQoL mean scores were calculated and stratified by age and gender. Minimal important differences were used to assess the clinical relevance of the findings. Data from one RCT with HRQoL scores available at baseline (n = 343) and four RCTs with HRQoL scores available at follow‐up (n = 1665) were analyzed.ResultsPatients reported worse HRQoL scores than survivors across most functioning scales and symptoms’ scales. These scores varied as a function of gender but not age. Survivors’ HRQoL reports were comparable to the ones of the general population.ConclusionsThese values provide an assessment framework for the comparison and interpretation of QLQ‐C30 scores in advanced‐stage HL. Our findings suggest that although HL patients’ HRQoL scores are worse than the general population, HRQoL scores may normalize over long‐term survival.
Prognostic impact of early‐versus‐late responses to different induction regimens in patients with myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: Results from the CALM study by the CMWP of the EBMT
Authors: Garderet Laurent , Sbianchi Giulia , Iacobelli Simona , Blaise Didier , Byrne Jenny L. , Remenyi Peter , Apperley Jane F. , Touzeau Cyrille , Isaksson Cecilia , Browne Paul , Mayer Jiri , Lenhoff Stig , Gonzalez Muniz Soledad , Parody Porras Rocio , Basak Grzegorz , Poire Xavier , Trneny Marek , Nagler Arnon , Michieli Mariagrazia , Tanase Alina , Koster Linda , Hayden Patrick J. , Beksac Meral , Schönland Stefan , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)‐eligible myeloma patients, prolonged induction does not necessarily improve the depth of response.MethodWe analyzed 1222 ASCT patients who were classified based on (a) the interval between induction and stem cell collection, (b) the type of induction regimen: BID (Bortezomib, IMiDs, and Dexamethasone), Bortezomib‐based, or CTD (Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone), and (c) the time to best response (Early ie, best response within 4 or 5 months, depending on the regimen vs Late; Good ie, VGPR or better vs Poor).ResultsThe length of induction treatment required to achieve a Good response did not affect PFS (P = .65) or OS (P = .61) post‐ASCT. The three types of regimen resulted in similar outcomes: median PFS 31, 27.7 and 30.8 months (P = .31), and median OS 81.7, 92.7, and 77.4 months, respectively (P = .83). On multivariate analysis, neither the type nor the duration of the induction regimen affected OS and PFS, except for Early Good Responders who had a better PFS compared to Early Poor Responders (HR = 1.21, P‐value = .02). However, achieving a Good response at induction was associated with a better response (≥VGPR) post‐transplant.ConclusionThe kinetics of response did not affect outcomes.
Shape of species climate response curves affects community response to climate change
Authors: Bonachela Juan A. , Burrows Michael T. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how community composition is reshaped by changing climate is important for interpreting and predicting patterns of community assembly through time or across space. Community composition often does not perfectly correspond to expectations from current environmental conditions, leading to community‐climate mismatches. Here, we combine data analysis and theory development to explore how species climate response curves affect the community response to climate change. We show that strong mismatches between community and climate can appear in the absence of demographic delays or limited species pools. Communities simulated using species response curves showed temporal changes of similar magnitude to those observed in natural communities of fishes and plankton, suggesting no overall delays in community change despite substantial unexplained variation from community assembly and other processes. Our approach can be considered as a null model that will be important to use when interpreting observed community responses to climate change and variability.
Acute‐onset delirium in intensive care COVID patients: association of imperfect brain repair with foodborne micro‐pollutants
Authors: Schneider Francis , Agin Arnaud , Baldacini Mathieu , Maurer Loïc , Schenck Maleka , Alemann Mathieu , Solis Morgane , Helms Julie , Villette Claire , Artzner Thierry , Kremer Stéphane , Heintz Dimitri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCOVID‐19 affects the brain in various ways, amongst which delirium is worrying. An assessment was made of whether a specific, long‐lasting, COVID‐19‐related brain injury develops in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients after life‐saving re‐oxygenation.MethodsTen COVID+ patients (COVID+) with unusual delirium associated with neuroimaging suggestive of diffuse brain injury and seven controls with non‐COVID encephalopathy were studied. The assessment took place when the intractable delirium started at weaning off ventilation support. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed followed by standard cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses and assessment of CSF erythropoietin concentrations (as a marker for the assessment of tissue repair), and of non‐targeted CSF metabolomics using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry.ResultsPatients were similar as regards severity scores, but COVID+ were hospitalized longer (25 [11.75; 25] vs. 9 [4.5; 12.5] days, p = 0.03). On admission, but not at MRI and lumbar puncture performance, COVID+ were more hypoxic (p = 0.002). On MRI, there were leptomeningeal enhancement and diffuse white matter haemorrhages only in COVID+. In the latter, CSF erythropoietin concentration was lower (1.73 [1.6; 2.06] vs. 3.04 [2.9; 3.91] mIU/ml, p = 0.01), and CSF metabolomics indicated (a) increased compounds such as foodborne molecules (sesquiterpenes), molecules from industrialized beverages and micro‐pollutants (diethanolamine); and (b) decreased molecules such as incomplete breakdown products of protein catabolism and foodborne molecules (glabridin). At 3‐month discharge, fatigue, anxiety and depression as well as MRI lesions persisted in COVID+.ConclusionsSome COVID+ are at risk of a specific delirium. Imperfect brain repair after re‐oxygenation and lifestyle factors might influence long‐lasting brain injuries in a context of foodborne micro‐pollutants.
Symptomatology of carbamazepine‐ and oxcarbazepine‐induced hyponatremia in people with epilepsy
Authors: Berghuis Bianca , Hulst Janic , Sonsma Anja , McCormack Mark , de Haan Gerrit‐Jan , Sander Josemir W. , Lindhout Dick , Koeleman Bobby P. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain whether adverse effects experienced by people taking carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine could be attributed to carbamazepine‐ or oxcarbazepine‐induced hyponatremia (COIH).MethodsWe performed an observational study, collecting data between 2017 and 2019 on serum sodium levels and adverse effects retrospectively in people with epilepsy while receiving treatment with either carbamazepine (CBZ) or oxcarbazepine (OXC). We defined hyponatremia as sodium level ≤134 mEq/L and severe hyponatremia as sodium level ≤128 mEq/L. Adverse effects experienced were compared between groups of individuals with and without hyponatremia.ResultsA total of 1370 people using CBZ or OXC were identified, of whom 410 had at least one episode of hyponatremia. We checked for symptoms related to the use of CBZ and OXC in 710 people (410 with and 300 without hyponatremia) and found relevant information in 688. Adverse effects occurred in 65% of people with hyponatremia compared to 21% with normal sodium levels (odds ratio [OR] 7.5, P ≤ .001) and in 83% of people with severe hyponatremia compared to 55% in those with mild hyponatremia (P ≤ .001). Significant predictors of adverse effects were the drug (OXC vs CBZ), and the number of concomitant anti‐seizure medications. Dizziness (28% vs 6%), tiredness (22% vs 7%), instability (19% vs 3%), and diplopia (16% vs 4%) were reported more often in the hyponatremia group than in patients with normal levels.SignificancePeople with COIH had a 7‐fold increased risk of developing adverse effects during treatment. Clinicians should consider ascertainment of sodium levels in patients taking CBZ and OXC and act upon findings.
Ictal activation of oxygen‐conserving reflexes as a mechanism for sudden death in epilepsy
Authors: Biggs Ethan N. , Budde Ryan , Jefferys John G. R. , Irazoqui Pedro P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that death with physiological parallels to human cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) can be induced in seizing rats by ictal activation of oxygen‐conserving reflexes (OCRs).MethodsUrethane‐anesthetized female Long‐Evans rats were implanted with electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG), electrocorticography (ECoG), and respiratory thermocouple; venous and arterial cannulas; and a laryngoscope guide and cannula or nasal cannula for activation of the laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) or mammalian diving reflex (MDR), respectively. Kainic acid injection, either systemic or into the ventral hippocampus, induced prolonged acute seizures.ResultsReflex challenges during seizures caused sudden death in 18 of 20 rats—all MDR rats (10) and all but two LCR rats (8) failed to recover from ictal activation of OCRs and died within minutes of the reflexes. By comparison, 4 of 4 control (ie, nonseizing) rats recovered from 64 induced diving reflexes (16 per rat), and 4 of 4 controls recovered from 64 induced chemoreflexes (16 per rat). Multiple measures were consistent with reports of human SUDEP. Terminal central apnea preceded terminal asystole in all cases. Heart and respiratory rate fluctuations that paralleled those seen in human SUDEP occurred during OCR‐induced sudden death, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was predictive of death, showing a 17 or 15 mm Hg drop (MDR and LCR, respectively) in the 20 s window centered on the time of brain death. OCR activation was never fatal in nonseizing rats.SignificanceThese results present a method of inducing sudden death in two seizure models that show pathophysiology consistent with that observed in human cases of SUDEP. This proposed mechanism directly informs previous findings by our group and others in the field; provides a repeatable, inducible animal model for the study of sudden death; and offers a potential explanation for observations made in cases of human SUDEP.
An impact study of COVID‐19 on six different industries: Automobile, energy and power, agriculture, education, travel and tourism and consumer electronics
Authors: Nayak Janmenjoy , Mishra Manohar , Naik Bighnaraj , Swapnarekha Hanumanthu , Cengiz Korhan , Shanmuganathan Vimal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID‐19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has pushed the global economy and humanity into a disaster. In their attempt to control this pandemic, the governments of all the countries have imposed a nationwide lockdown. Although the lockdown may have assisted in limiting the spread of the disease, it has brutally affected the country, unsettling complete value‐chains of most important industries. The impact of the COVID‐19 is devastating on the economy. Therefore, this study has reported about the impact of COVID‐19 epidemic on various industrial sectors. In this regard, the authors have chosen six different industrial sectors such as automobile, energy and power, agriculture, education, travel and tourism and consumer electronics, and so on. This study will be helpful for the policymakers and government authorities to take necessary measures, strategies and economic policies to overcome the challenges encountered in different sectors due to the present pandemic.