bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of diabetes on central macular thickness quantitatively measured using optical coherence tomography at Sidi-Hussein Health Center, Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Omear Mervat , Bukhatwa Samar , Benkhaial Fatma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of decreased vision in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its detection needs equipment and skills. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an objective technique that can measure retinal morphologic characteristic which help improving diagnosis and treatment. Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of OCT macula in the screening for DME in patients with diabetes by comparing it to clinical funduscopy in addition to assessing the relationship between central macular thickness (CMT) as measured by OCT macula and the visual acuity of patient. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was done at Sidi Hussein Health center/Benghazi in the period between 2014 and 2017. Subjects and Methods: The data of 393 (786 eyes) patients with diabetes (type II) were reviewed. Cases characteristics records were extracted in addition to fundus examination records (done by noncontact +90-diopter lens). The records of OCT (CMT) were evaluated for agreement with the subjective fundus examination and in relation to other measures. Data were presented as frequencies and the statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (Windows version 17.0; SPSS Inc., USA). Results: Around 537 eyes (82%) of eyes with mild DME as diagnosed by OCT were having no DR when examined subjectively. With OCT, it was found that 555 eyes (85%) with mild DME were having good visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.3 and less). About 10 eyes (71%) having severe DME were having duration of diabetes of 10–20 years. Conclusions: OCT is a noninvasive method that can objectively detect and quantify early DME before it affects the vision of patients and it is strongly recommended that this should be the technique of choice for detecting and screening of DME in Libyan patients.
Health professional students' preparedness for E-Health
Authors: A. Al-Tawaty Adel , Omar Elfallah Ehab 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: E-Health is one of the recent major developments in health-care provision. Today's health professional students are considered digitally oriented, and this may endow them with the necessary capabilities to implement E-Health on graduation. Aim: This study aimed to assess students' views, use, confidence, and need for training on E-Health. Participants: Fourth-, 5th- and internship-year students of the medical and dental schools at the Libyan International Medical University constituted the study population. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using an online administered survey. Prior to implementation, the questionnaire was reviewed by experts and then piloted on a group of research-targeted students. Likert scale was used for most questions and few were in the form of short answers. Descriptive statistics were reported using SPSS software version 23.0. Results: One hundred and two students responded, and all responders were included for most select-response questions. The male-to-female ratio was 2:3, with a mean age of 24 ± 1.8 years. Medical students accounted for 52% of the participants. An average of 45% reported proficiency in written and spoken English. Only 12% have taken IT-related courses. Their view on E-Health was moderately positive with a mean of 3.5 ± 0.34 of 3.1 ± 1.029. In spite of this, 43% ± 3.9% had negative views on E-Health. Nearly 58% of the participants used digital tools and software with a mean score of 2.43 ± 0.6. Most students reported using social media, especially Facebook (mean 4.95 ± 1.7). The students reported a confidence level of information and communication technology (ICT) use of 3.4 ± 1.2. They also described their confidence in learning a new technology with a value of 3 ± 0.3. Almost 32.9% of the participants expressed an overall need for training on ICT tools. Conclusion: The overall preparedness of this group for ICT is moderate and needs improvement. This could be achieved through introducing changes in the taught curriculum.
Evaluation of Success of Stainless Steel Crowns Placed Using the Hall Technique in Children with High Caries Risk
Authors: Kaptan A , Korkmaz E 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and survival rates of the hall technique (HT), and conventional restoration (CR) for the management of occlusoproximal carious lesions in primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
This clinical study observed 35 children (aged 4–8 years). Exclusion criteria included symptoms of pulpal or periradicular pathology or systemic conditions requiring special dental considerations. For each child, at least one tooth was treated with HT and one with CR. The primary outcome measures were minor and major clinical failure rates. Plaque and gingival scores of the teeth were also evaluated. Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to compare the plaque and gingival index scores for each arm. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons of clinical outcomes, plaque-gingival index, and distribution of ICDAS categories among treatment arms (P < 0.05).

Results:
Thirty-three of 35 (94.2%) participants returned for 1-year follow-up. HT showed statistically significantly higher treatment survival rate and fewer minor failures than CR (P = 0.040). The rate of major failures was minimal (2 of 84 teeth) and did not differ between treatments (P = 0.092). In both treatment groups, the gingival score and plaque score were significantly decreased at the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
HT was a more successful method for managing caries in primary molars than CR, both for symptoms of pulpal disease and longevity of the restorations. HT is a simplified method of managing carious primary molars using SSCs cemented with no local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation.
Comparing the Effects of Self-Management and Hospital-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs in COPD Patients
Authors: Kilic B , Cicek HS , Avci MZ 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a core component of the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although several types of PR programs are implemented for patients with COPD on the basis of patient preferences or clinical protocols, the clinical efficiencies of these programs may vary, with each program having its own unique purpose, procedures, benefits, challenges, and effectiveness.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of self-management and hospital-based PR programs in COPD patients.

Materials and Methods:
This study was prospective intervention research. Fifty-eight patients with stable COPD were randomly allocated to a hospital-based outpatient group and a self-management group before commencement of a 12-week PR program. Before and after the PR program, all patients were evaluated using the 6-min walk test, Modified Borg Scale, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Standardized Mini-Mental Test.

Results:
Pulmonary functions, dyspnea, quality of life, and 6MWT distance were significantly improvement the hospital-based PR than self-management PR (P < 0.05). Moreover, cognitive function significantly improved after the PR program in both groups with no significant intergroup difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that PR is useful for to improvement functional capacity, quality of life, cognitive function and anxiety, in patients with COPD. A hospital-based PR is more effective than a self-management PR program.
Prevalence of Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors on Turkish Sample According to Latest Classification of World Health Organization
Authors: Izgi E , Mollaoglu N , Simsek MB 
Published: March 2021

Aim:
The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of odontogenic cysts and tumors occurred in a sample of Turkish population in the last 10 years and to compare the data with latest reports.

Methods and Material:
The present retrospective study was carried out at Gazi University, School of Dentistry (GUSD) in Ankara, Turkey. All the data was retrieved from the GUSD archive on patients treated for various oral and maxillofacial lesions between 2008 and 2018. Patients' demographical data, main clinical features of the lesions along with histopathological findings were retrieved from the dental files of the patients. The type of lesions was evaluated according to the latest Head and Neck Tumor (HNT) classification published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test using SPSS version 21.0 software.

Results:
Among a total of 739 biopsy-conducted lesions, 467 (63.19%) were odontogenic cysts, 43 (5.82%) were benign odontogenic tumors, and 7 (0.95%) were malignant tumors. The rest of 222 cases were defined as others.

Conclusions:
The present study assessed the demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of odontogenic cysts/tumors in a group of Turkish people, who visited GUSD for therapeutic purpose in the past 10 years. Results showed that male patients in their 5th-6th decades have the highest risk of odontogenic cyst/tumor, especially in the mandibular posterior region.
Dramatic Rapid Recovery After Transcathater Aortic Valve Implantation in Patient with Ischemic Hepatitis and Hyperbilirunemia
Authors: Sari C , Sarı S Özer , Kucukukur M 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is widely used in high-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AS). The use of traditional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) significantly increases the risk of complications in chronic liver failure with the release of many vasoactive and cytotoxic substrates. In patients with ischemic hepatitis or liver dysfunction along with the severe AS, TAVI may be advantageous due to its minimally invasive nature. However, there is limited information about the outcome of TAVI in a patient with both hepatic and multisystem dysfunction. We report this case demonstrating dramatic result of TAVI in a patient in extremely poor clinical condition due to ischemic hepatitis and hyperbilirunemia.
Proximal Femoral Geometry Analysis of Igbos of South East Nigeria and its Clinical Application in Total Hip Replacement and Hip Surgeries
Authors: Katchy AU , Nto NJ , Agu AU , Ikele IT , Chime SC , Ugwu AU 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Proximal femoral geometry(PFG) plays a role in the biomechanics of the hip. During total hip replacement detailed efforts are made to restore this biomechanics in other to ensure patients satisfaction and implant survival. There are variations in these parameters. Ethnicity is one of the most influential factors accounting for these variations.

Aim:
To determine the values of the parameters of the proximal femoral geometry among the ethnic Igbos of the South Eastern Nigeria, determine any correlation between these parameters, and compare these values with known populations as well as discuss the clinical application in total hip replacement and other hip surgeries. Materials and Method: Seven hundred and sixteen (716) femoral bones taken from the osteology unit of department of anatomy of University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) were screened and proximal femoral parameters measured using Vernier calipers. Results: There were 356 right and 360 left femoral bones with the following values: Femoral Neck Anteversion Angle (FNAVA): M=19.04°, SD=2.075°, Proximal Femoral Length(PFL): M=73.24mm, SD=7.622, Femoral Head Vertical Diameter(FHVD):M= 44.64mm, SD=3.134, Femoral Head Transverse Diameter(FHTD),M=44.55mm, SD=3.379mm, Femoral Head Diameter(FHD),M=44.60mm, SD=3.119mm, Femoral Neck Anterior Length(FNAL), M=31.86mm, SD=5.383mm, Femoral Posterior Neck Length(FPNL):M=22.23mm, SD=3.520mm, Femoral Neck Diameter (FND), M=32.71mm, SD= 3.315mm, Proximal Femoral Width Head to Side (PFWHS), M=89mm.80,SD= 10.331mm, Proximal Femoral Width Side to Side (PFWSS), M=31.47mm, SD=2.812mm, Femoral Neck Shaft Angle(FNSA), M=132.15°, 7.305°.

Conclusion:
The parameters of the proximal femoral geometry of the ethnic Igbos of the South East of Nigeria, differed from other populations and exhibited laterality.
Macular Diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oluleye TS , Babalola YO , Majekodunmi OI , Ijaduola MA 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Retina diseases including the diseases of the macular are underreported in developing countries of sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria.

Method:
A retrospective review of retinal register of cases presenting to the retinal clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan within 4 years (December 2015, to November 2019). Demographics and clinical data of all patients with macula diseases were retrieved. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences IBM (SPSS-IBM), version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), and reported as frequency distributions and percentages.

Results:
A total of 1291 retinal cases were seen during the period under review, out of which 322 cases were diseases of the macula, representing 24.9% of retinal cases seen. The top 3 common causes of macular disease found in the study were dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) 63 (19.6%); Macula oedema 53 (16.5%) and Non-AMD atrophic maculopathy (from Retinitis Pigmentosa, chloroquine maculopathy and hereditary causes) 51 (15.9%) representing more than 50% of cases. Macular holes 48 (14.9%); Non-AMD macular scar (Toxoplasmosis, Trauma) 37 (11.5%) and choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) 26 (8.1%) are other important causes. Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (IPCV) 17 (5.3%) is an emerging cause of macular disease in the retina unit of the University College Hospital Ibadan.

Conclusion:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Macular oedema and Non-AMD atrophic maculopathy are major causes of macular disease presentation in the retinal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. CNVM and IPCV are emerging causes.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Hyoid Bone Position in Subjects with different Vertical Dental Patterns
Authors: Soyoye OA , Otuyemi OD , Newman-Nartey M 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
This study investigated the relationship between hyoid position and vertical dental dimensions (overbite), and the influence of gender on the location of this bone.

Methods:
One hundred and seventy-four standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected from a pool of radiographs of patients seeking orthodontic treatment with ages ranging from 10 to 58 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their vertical dental dimensions (overbite) into reduced, normal, and increased overbite groups. The hyoid bone position was determined by four horizontal linear and three vertical linear line measurements. Associations between the position of the bone and different vertical dental patterns were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison analysis.

Results:
There was a progressive increase in the horizontal linear position of the hyoid bone parameters across the groups from the reduced through normal to increase overbite. Similarly, a statistical reduction in the vertical linear positions of the hyoid bone parameters was found across the groups from reduced overbite through normal overbite to increased overbite (P < 0.05). The vertical linear hyoid bone positions were located higher in the male than in female subjects. Tukey's multiple comparison analysis showed a highly statistically significant difference in the vertical linear hyoid bone positions between reduced and normal overbite groups and between reduced and increased overbite groups.

Conclusion:
The hyoid bone was positioned more antero-inferiorly and more postero-superiorly in subjects with reduced overbite and increased overbite, respectively.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Visual Impairment in School Children in Enugu South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ezegwui IR , Oguego NC , Okoye OI , Maduka-Okafor FC , Udeh N , Aghaji AE , Okoye O , Nwobi E , Umeh-Aneji C , Onwasigwe EN , Umeh RE 
Published: March 2021

Aims:
To determine the prevalence of refractive errors and causes of visual impairment in school children in Enugu State, South-eastern Nigeria.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional, school-based survey in children aged 5–15 years from selected primary and junior secondary schools (public and private) in both urban and rural communities of Enugu State was carried out. Ocular examinations were performed on them according to the Refractive Error in School-age Children (RESC) protocol.

Results:
A total of 1167 children were examined. The mean age (standard deviation) was 10.58 ± 3.0 years. Females were 653 (54.4%) of the study population. The uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected visual acuity of ≤20/40 (6/12) in the better eye of the children in this study were 3.6%. 3.5% and 0.4%. Among the children that had visual impairment, refractive error accounted for 33.3% of reduced vision while the overall prevalence of refractive error was 2.1%. Prevalence of myopia was 1.9% and hyperopia, 0.1%. The most prevalent astigmatism was ≤0.75 dioptre cylinder.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of refractive error in this study is low, with myopia being more common. Despite the low prevalence of refractive error, school vision screening is still important for African children as it serves as an opportunity to identify other ocular morbidities among the children.
Hemoptysis and Massive Focal Alveolar Hemorrhage after Successful Biventricular Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Bankir M , Koc AS , Gorgulu FF , Sumbul HE , Koc M 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
During and after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation, many adverse events may occur. We present an interesting and important patient with hemoptysis and massive focal alveolar hemorrhage in a patient after a successful CRT implantation. CRT implantation was completed without any problems. In the follow-up, complaints of cough and hemoptysis began 1 h after the procedure. On the PA chest X-ray, a ground glass image was found in the left upper zone. Thorax CT revealed focal alveolar hemorrhage in the left upper lobe anterior segmental lung parenchyma. The patient was followed up with medical treatment and discharged in good health.
Palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction in Korea
Authors: Jang Dong Kee , Kim Jungmee , Yoon Seung Bae , Yoon Won Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Lee Tae Hee , Jang Jae-Young , Paik Chang Nyol , Lee Jun Kyu 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) is usually caused by biliary tract cancer or pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to summarize the current situation regarding palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) for MBO in Korea and to determine its clinical significance by analyzing representative nationwide data.

Methods:
Patients that underwent palliative ERBD for MBO between 2012 and 2015 were identified using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, which covers the entire Korean population. We assessed clinical characteristics and complications and compared the clinical impacts of initial metal and plastic stenting in these patients.

Results:
A total of 9,728 subjects (mean age, 65 ± 11.4 years; male, 61.4%) were identified and analyzed. The most common diagnosis was malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (32.1%) and this was followed by extrahepatic or Ampulla of Vater cancer and pancreatic cancer. Initial plastic stent(s) placement was performed in 52.9% of the study subjects, and metal stent(s) placement was performed in 23.3%. The number of sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was significantly higher in patients that underwent initial plastic stenting than in patients that underwent metal stenting (2.2 ± 1.7 vs 1.8 ± 1.4, P < 0.0001), but rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis, hospital days, and time to second ERCP or PTBD were not significantly different.

Conclusion:
This nationwide assessment study suggests that initial metal stenting is associated with fewer sessions of total ERCP or PTBD following the initial procedure, despite the preference for initial plastic stenting in Korea.
Mid-term results of one-stop endovascular aortic repair/ percutaneous coronary intervention hybrid procedure for patients with aortic and coronary artery diseases
Authors: Luo Mingyao , Fang Kun , Ye Shaodong , Yang Min , Fan Bowen , Xue Yunfei , Zhao Jiawei , Chen Zujun , Zhang Haitao , Lv Bin , Tang Yida , Shu Chang 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to report our experience of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for “one-stop” treatment of aortic and coronary artery diseases.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
From January 2016 to December 2017, 17 patients (average age: 69.0, range: 44–86) with abdominal aortic aneurysms (n = 9), penetrating aortic ulcers (n = 6), and type B aortic dissection (n = 2), also combined with severe coronary artery disease, underwent “one-stop” EVAR/PCI hybrid procedure in Fuwai Hospital and were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS:
The technical success rate was 100%. 11 cases received abdominal EVARs, 5 cases underwent thoracic EVARs, and 1 case had just aortic angiography. For the coronary lesions, 10 cases received coronary stent implantations, with an average stent number of 1.8 (1–3); one case underwent only balloon dilatation, and 6 cases merely had coronary angiography. There was no in-hospital death. Postoperative complications included subcutaneous ecchymosis in 4 cases; One suffered from pseudo-aneurysm at the puncture point of the left brachial artery, which was repaired surgically. Two had mild type II endoleak after abdominal EVAR. One patient was lost 12 months later and 16 patients were followed up for 28.6 (12–39) months. 3 deaths, with the cause of cancer in 2 and unknown in 1, and 2 readmissions were recorded. All other patients reported disappearance or significant reduction of previous symptoms. Both type II endoleak disappeared in 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
The “one-stop” EVAR/PCI hybrid procedure is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of aortic and coronary artery disease.
A Tauberian approach to Weyl’s law for the Kohn Laplacian on spheres
Authors: Bosch Henry , Gonzales Tyler , Spinelli Kamryn , Udell Gabe , Zeytuncu Yunus E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe compute the leading coefficient in the asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue counting function for the Kohn Laplacian on the spheres. We express the coefficient as an infinite sum and as an integral.