bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invertebrates for vertebrate biodiversity monitoring: Comparisons using three insect taxa as iDNA samplers
Authors: Massey Aimee L. , Bronzoni Roberta Vieira de Morais , da Silva David José Ferreira , Allen Jennifer M. , de Lázari Patrick Ricardo , dos Santos‐Filho Manoel , Canale Gustavo Rodrigues , Bernardo Christine Steiner São , Peres Carlos Augusto , Levi Taal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) is now widely used to build diversity profiles from DNA that has been shed by species into the environment. There is substantial interest in the expansion of eDNA approaches for improved detection of terrestrial vertebrates using invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) in which hematophagous, sarcophagous, and coprophagous invertebrates sample vertebrate blood, carrion, or faeces. Here, we used metabarcoding and multiple iDNA samplers (carrion flies, sandflies, and mosquitos) collected from 39 forested sites in the southern Amazon to profile gamma and alpha diversity. Our main objectives were to (1) compare diversity found with iDNA to camera trapping, which is the conventional method of vertebrate diversity surveillance; and (2) compare each of the iDNA samplers to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and potential biases associated with each sampler. In total, we collected and analysed 1759 carrion flies, 48,686 sandflies, and 4776 mosquitos. Carrion flies revealed the greatest total vertebrate species richness at the landscape level, despite the least amount of sampling effort and the fewest number of individuals captured for metabarcoding, followed by sandflies. Camera traps had the highest median species richness at the site‐level but showed strong bias towards carnivore and ungulate species and missed much of the diversity described by iDNA methods. Mosquitos showed a strong feeding preference for humans as did sandflies for armadillos, thus presenting potential utility to further study related to host‐vector interactions.
Continuing professional development for anesthesiologists: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Petersen John A. , Bray Lucy , Østergaard Doris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRegulators increasingly use formalized programs that are based on continuing professional development (CPD) activities to ensure that physicians are fit to practice. There is convincing evidence regarding the positive effects of CPD activities on performance and patient outcomes. However, there is limited available studies, investigating its effect in anesthesia, specifically. Moreover, although there exists considerable evidence linking specific CPD activities to improved performance, only few studies have investigated the effect of combinations of activities, or formalized systems, as a whole. Consequently, to address this uncertainty regarding the impact of CPD activities, within anesthesiology, this systematic review aims to establish which activities anesthesiologists are engaged in and their impact on clinical competence and subsequent patient outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of the current literature regarding CPD for fully qualified anesthesiologists will be undertaken. Characteristics of the included studies will be summarized descriptively, and the screening process will be outlined using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis flow diagram. Given the diverse methods adopted within medical education research, it is anticipated that there will be significant heterogeneity between the included studies and therefore, a meta‐analysis will not be possible and a narrative synthesis approach will be usd. The outcomes of interest include type of CPD learning activity and/or assessment method anesthesiologists are engaged in; and their effectiveness, either as standalone activities or as part of formalized systems.ConclusionThe aim of the study was to give an overview of the breadth and nature of CPD activities, and their effects on fully qualified anesthesiologists' clinical competences and patient outcomes.
Effect of a resin‐modified calcium silicate cement on inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation after pulpotomy in rat molars
Authors: Edanami Naoki , Ibn Belal Razi Saifullah , Yoshiba Kunihiko , Yoshiba Nagako , Ohkura Naoto , Takenaka Shoji , Noiri Yuichiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResin monomers and polymerisation initiators have been shown to be cytotoxic for pulp cells and to disturb odontoblast differentiation. This study aimed to compare the effect of a resin‐modified calcium silicate cement (TheraCal LC; TC) and a resin‐free calcium silicate cement (ProRoot MTA; PR) on pulpal healing after pulpotomy. Pulpotomy was performed on the maxillary first molars of 8‐week‐old rats using either PR or TC. After 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, pulpal responses were assessed by micro‐computed tomography, haematoxylin–eosin staining and immunostaining against CD68, which is a pan‐macrophage marker. The results showed that pulpotomy with TC induced persistent infiltration of inflammatory cells, including CD68‐positive macrophages, and delayed the formation of reparative dentin as compared with that with PR, although both materials allowed pulpal healing over the long term. Therefore, resin‐modified TC was not as biocompatible nor bioinductive as resin‐free PR when applied on the healthy pulp of rat molars.
Association between adiponectin‐to‐leptin ratio and heart rate variability in new‐onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Tongjian , Chen Mingxian , Wang Meng , Wang Zhuo , Wang Songyun , Hu He , Ma Kezhong , Jiang Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe adiponectin‐to‐leptin (A/L) ratio has been identified as a potential surrogate biomarker for metabolic disorders. However, it remains unknown whether the serum A/L ratio is associated with heart rate variability in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsFor this retrospective study, we included consecutive patients who underwent 24‐h long‐range electrocardiogram examination in our center for paroxysmal AF. The results of echocardiography, heart rate variability tests, and blood tests were also retrieved. Multivariate line regression analysis was performed to evaluate identify factors independently associated with heart rate variability.ResultsAmong the 85 included patients with paroxysmal AF, the median A/L ratio was 1.71. Univariate analysis indicated that patients with a low A/L ratio (<1.71, n = 42) had a lower high‐frequency (HF) power and a higher hs‐CRP level, low‐frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF ratio than those with a high A/L ratio (≥1.71, n = 43). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the serum leptin concentration was independently and positively associated with LF (β = 0.175, p = .028), while the serum adiponectin concentration was independently and positively associated with HF (β = 0.321, p = .001). Moreover, the A/L ratio was independently and negatively associated with the LF/HF ratio (β = −0.276, p = .007).ConclusionsThe A/L ratio was independently and negatively associated with the LF/HF ratio in patients with new‐onset paroxysmal AF.
Profile of minor neurological findings after perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Tuiskula Anna , Metsäranta Marjo , Toiviainen‐Salo Sanna , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Haataja Leena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo characterise the spectrum of findings in sequential neurological examinations, general movements (GM) assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of infants with perinatal asphyxia.MethodsThe prospective cohort study of term infants with perinatal asphyxia treated at Helsinki University Hospital's neonatal units in 2016–2020 used Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and brain MRI at 2 weeks and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and GM assessment at 3 months of age.ResultsAnalysis included 50 infants: 33 displaying perinatal asphyxia without hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), seven with HIE1 and 10 with HIE2. Of the infants with atypical HNNE findings, 24/25 perinatal asphyxia without HIE cases, 5/6 HIE1 cases and all 10 HIE2 cases showed atypical findings in the HINE. The HINE identified atypical spontaneous movements significantly more often in infants with white matter T2 hyperintensity.ConclusionIn this cohort, most infants with perinatal asphyxia, with or without HIE, presented atypical neurological findings in sequential examinations. The profile of neurological findings for children with perinatal asphyxia without HIE resembled that of children with HIE. White matter T2 hyperintensity was associated with atypical spontaneous movements in the HINE and was a frequent MRI finding also in perinatal asphyxia without HIE.
Laparoscopic trans‐hiatal approach in a rare case of double giant epiphrenic diverticula: A case report
Authors: Wangkulangkul Piyanun , Laohawiriyakamol Suphawat , Chewatanakornkul Siripong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe transthoracic approach for esophageal diverticulectomy saves dissection but limits the amount of antireflux surgery that can be done. However, the laparoscopic trans‐hiatal approach usually limits access to large diverticula located at the mid‐thoracic level. We describe a 67‐year‐old Thai man who had two giant epiphrenic diverticula (ED) (11 × 7.6 cm and 3.2 × 3.4 cm). The highest part of the fundus of the larger ED was 12.6 cm above the hiatus. Preoperative esophageal manometry and an upper gastrointestinal study showed no obvious features of motility disorder. In addition, the clinical evaluation of the esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a hiatal hernia. Laparoscopic trans‐hiatal esophageal diverticulectomy with intraoperative assessment by endoscopy was carried out. A partial wrap using Dor fundoplication was constructed without myotomy. There were no postoperative related complications. We believe that tailor‐made operations in unusual cases can be safe using combined techniques to reduce postoperative morbidity.
Truth and diversion: Self and other‐regarding lies in dementia care
Authors: Tieu Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen a person with dementia (PwD) makes a specific request or behaves in a particular way that is inappropriate or dangerous and based on a false understanding of reality, there is a particular technique that caregivers may use to try and manage the situation. The technique is known as ‘diversion’ and it works by affirming the false beliefs and behaviour of a PwD and creating the false impression that their specific request will be fulfilled. It may take the form of an explicit lie or any other communicative response or provision of care that either explicitly or tacitly affirms their false beliefs. It therefore raises the same kind of ethical issues as when lying (or not telling the truth) is done for so called ‘therapeutic’ purposes. The main type of argument used to justify this so called ‘therapeutic lying’ is that it is primarily aimed at benefiting the patient rather than the liar. The same kind of argument can be made for diversion, which is that it is primarily aimed at benefiting the PwD by aiming to ensure their safety and well‐being. I argue that insofar as diversion is practiced in this way, it is consistent with the idea of ‘person‐centred care’ (PCC) and can be ethically justified on those grounds. Therefore, however, we must be wary of situations where diversion is not practiced in this way, where it is primarily aimed at benefiting caregivers or care providers, and thus inconsistent with PCC.
Long‐term molecular differences between resilient and susceptible mice after a single traumatic exposure
Authors: Pascual Cuadrado Diego , Todorov Hristo , Lerner Raissa , Islami Larglinda , Bindila Laura , Gerber Susanne , Lutz Beat 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposePost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous disorder induced by trauma, resulting in severe long‐term impairments of an individual's mental health. PTSD does not develop in every individual and, thus, some individuals are more resilient. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate these processes.Experimental ApproachWe used a single‐trauma PTSD model in mice to induce long‐term maladaptive behaviours and profiled the mice 4 weeks after trauma into resilient or susceptible individuals. The classification of phenotype was based on individual responses in different behavioural experiments. We analysed microbiome, circulating endocannabinoids, and long‐term changes in brain phospholipid and transcript levels.Key ResultsWe found many molecular differences between resilient and susceptible individuals across multiple molecular domains, including lipidome, transcriptome and gut microbiome. Some differences were stable even several weeks after the trauma, indicating the long‐term impact of traumatic stimuli on the organism's physiology. Furthermore, the integration of these multilayered molecular data revealed that resilient and susceptible individuals have very distinct molecular signatures across various physiological systems.Conclusion and ImplicationsTrauma induced individual‐specific behavioural responses that, in combination with a longitudinal characterisation of mice, could be used to identify distinct sub‐phenotypes within the trauma‐exposed group. These groups differed significantly not only in their behaviour but also in specific molecular aspects across a variety of tissues and brain regions. This approach may reveal new targets and predictive biomarkers for the pharmacological treatment and prognosis of stress‐related disorders.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on New discoveries and perspectives in mental and pain disorders. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.17/issuetoc
Clinical and immunological evaluation of cat‐allergic asthmatics living with or without a cat
Authors: Wambre Erik R. , Farrington Mary , Bajzik Veronique , DeBerg Hannah A. , Ruddy Marcella , DeVeaux Michelle , Meier Pretty , Robinson David , Cantor Matt , Huang Chengrui , Orengo Jamie M. , Wang Claire Q. , Radin Allen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCharacterising the clinical and immunological impact of daily cat exposure in cat‐allergic subjects with asthma who live with cats (WC) and those who do not (WoC) may provide understanding of the drivers of the allergic response.MethodsClinical and immunological characteristics (skin prick test, spirometry, symptom assessments, immunological markers) were compared between asthmatic subjects WC (n = 10) and WoC (n = 9).ResultsWC subjects had greater use of long‐acting beta agonists (p < .05) and high‐potency corticosteroids. No differences were observed in lung function, nasal and ocular symptoms, or asthma control between the groups. Cat dander‐ and Fel d 1‐specific IgG4 concentrations were higher in WC than WoC subjects (both p < .05). Total IgE and cat dander‐, Fel d 1‐ and Fel d 7‐specific IgE concentrations were similar, but Fel d 4‐sIgE was higher in WC subjects (p < .05) versus WoC. Basophil sensitivity to cat dander extract and Fel d 1 was lower in WC versus WoC subjects (p < .05) and correlated with higher IgG4 concentrations (r = 0.63; p = .009). Fel d 1‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses polarised toward Th2A responses in WC versus WoC subjects; Fel d 1‐specific IgE correlated with surface expression of CRTH2 and CD200R (both p ≤ .05).ConclusionImmunological differences observed in WC versus WoC did not reflect clinical tolerance with natural cat exposure. The ability to live with a cat despite allergy could be driven by higher preventative medication use. This study may support design of novel therapeutics for allergy management.
Identifying the effects of bullying victimization on schooling
Authors: Nikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractI estimate whether bullying leads to worse academic outcomes for bullied students, exploiting state‐year differences in anti‐bullying laws, and within‐law heterogeneity that provide variation in the probability of bullying victimization. Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, I show that bullying increases the probability of skipping classes and dropping out of high school, and it decreases grade point average by up to 5%. Heterogeneity analysis shows that physical bullying imposes a greater burden on males, though females are relatively more sensitive to nonphysical bullying. These negative effects persist into adulthood as high school bullying decreases college performance and college graduation.
‘We’re all on the same team’. Perspectives on the future of artificial pancreas systems by adults in Australia with type 1 diabetes using open‐source technologies: A qualitative study
Authors: Schipp Jasmine , Skinner Timothy C. , Holloway Edith , Scibilia Renza , Langstrup Henriette , Speight Jane , Hendrieckx Christel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsAn emerging group of people with type 1 diabetes are not waiting for commercial solutions, choosing to manage their condition with open‐source artificial pancreas systems (APS). Our aim was to explore their perspectives on the future of APS.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted (in Australia, October 2018 to January 2019) with 23 adults with type 1 diabetes currently using open‐source APS. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants described five key features of open‐source APS they value: compatibility, user‐led design, customisability, ability to evolve faster and community‐driven. They attributed the success of the open‐source APS movement to benefits they derive from these features: choice, solutions that meet their needs, ownership, staying one step ahead and real‐time support. They expressed hope that future commercial products and healthcare would benefit from their learnings and from collaboration with the open‐source APS community.ConclusionsParticipants believed that there will always be a place for the open‐source community. It will continue to build on and advance commercial products, respond to user needs, offering a higher degree of control and customisation than afforded by commercial products and generating optimism for the future. Participants desired that future commercial diabetes technologies would be inspired by the open‐source community and developed collaboratively with people with diabetes.
Investor learning and mutual fund flows
Authors: Huang Jennifer , Wei Kelsey D. , Yan Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates how volatility of performance affects the sensitivity of mutual fund flows to past performance, and examines how investor learning may contribute to this effect. We illustrate theoretically that when sophisticated investors learn from past fund performance to form their posterior expectations of managerial ability, the flow‐performance sensitivity should be weaker for funds with more volatile past performance. Moreover, the dampening effect of performance volatility on the flow‐performance sensitivity should be stronger for funds attracting more sophisticated investors. We provide supporting evidence for this investor learning hypothesis using mutual fund flows and demonstrate variations in the volatility dampening effect across funds with differing levels of sophistication among investors, such as load versus no‐load, high‐expense versus low‐expense, retail versus institutional, and star versus nonstar funds.
Snow modulates winter energy use and cold exposure across an elevation gradient in a montane ectotherm
Authors: Roberts Kevin T. , Rank Nathan E. , Dahlhoff Elizabeth P. , Stillman Jonathon H. , Williams Caroline M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSnow insulates the soil from air temperature, decreasing winter cold stress and altering energy use for organisms that overwinter in the soil. As climate change alters snowpack and air temperatures, it is critical to account for the role of snow in modulating vulnerability to winter climate change. Along elevational gradients in snowy mountains, snow cover increases but air temperature decreases, and it is unknown how these opposing gradients impact performance and fitness of organisms overwintering in the soil. We developed experimentally validated ecophysiological models of cold and energy stress over the past decade for the montane leaf beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis, along five replicated elevational transects in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. Cold stress peaks at mid‐elevations, while high elevations are buffered by persistent snow cover, even in dry years. While protective against cold, snow increases energy stress for overwintering beetles, particularly at low elevations, potentially leading to mortality or energetic tradeoffs. Declining snowpack will predominantly impact mid‐elevation populations by increasing cold exposure, while high elevation habitats may provide refugia as drier winters become more common.
Landscape composition and life‐history traits influence bat movement and space use: Analysis of 30 years of published telemetry data
Authors: Laforge Alexis , Archaux Frédéric , Coulon Aurélie , Sirami Clélia , Froidevaux Jérémy , Gouix Nicolas , Ladet Sylvie , Martin Hilaire , Barré Kevin , Roemer Charlotte , Claireau Fabien , Kerbiriou Christian , Barbaro Luc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimAnimal movement determines home range patterns, which in turn affect individual fitness, population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Using temperate bats, a group of particular conservation concern, we investigated how morphological traits, habitat specialization and environmental variables affect home range sizes and daily foraging movements, using a compilation of 30 years of published bat telemetry data.LocationNorthern America and Europe.Time period1988–2016.Major taxa studiedBats.MethodsWe compiled data on home range size and mean daily distance between roosts and foraging areas at both colony and individual levels from 166 studies of 3,129 radiotracked individuals of 49 bat species. We calculated multi‐scale habitat composition and configuration in the surrounding landscapes of the 165 studied roosts. Using mixed models, we examined the effects of habitat availability and spatial arrangement on bat movements, while accounting for body mass, aspect ratio, wing loading and habitat specialization.ResultsWe found a significant effect of landscape composition on home range size and mean daily distance at both colony and individual levels. On average, home ranges were up to 42% smaller in the most habitat‐diversified landscapes while mean daily distances were up to 30% shorter in the most forested landscapes. Bat home range size significantly increased with body mass, wing aspect ratio and wing loading, and decreased with habitat specialization.Main conclusionsPromoting bat movements through the landscape surrounding roosts at large spatial scales is crucial for bat conservation. Forest loss and overall landscape homogenization lead temperate bats to fly further to meet their ecological requirements, by increasing home range sizes and daily foraging distances. Both processes might be more detrimental for smaller, habitat‐specialized bats, less able to travel increasingly longer distances to meet their diverse needs.