bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Air Pollutants Using Plants and Co-Located Soil – Egypt: Characteristics, Pollution, and Toxicity Impact
Authors: Badawy Wael M , Sarhan Yasmin , Duliu Octavian G , Kim Junbeum , Yushin Nikita , Samman Hussein El , Hussein Abdel Azim , Frontasyeva Marina , Shcheglov Alexey 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present work was conducted to characterize and monitor the air quality in terms of pollution and toxicity impact using two evergreen tree leaves, Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Ficus benjamina L. as biomonitors. Thirty tree leaves and an equal number of co-located soil samples from different regions of Egypt (urban Greater Cairo Metropolitan GC and rural Menoufia Governorate MG) were collected. The concentrations of 34 and 40 elements were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometer. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis were implemented. The air pollution was assessed using enrichment factor, pollution load index, potential ecological risk, and risk index. In addition, human and ecotoxicity were evaluated based on the ReCiPe method. The mean concentration values of the obtained elements in tree leaves in urban Greater Cairo and rural Menoufia Governorate show that the major elements are slightly higher in F. benjamina than in E. globulus. Likewise, the mean values of elements in soil from Greater Cairo and Menoufia Governorate show no significant difference except for major elements (Fe, Al, Mg, K, Na, and Ti) in Menoufia Governorate. The normalized concentrations of tree species and soil show that the accumulated elements by F. benjamina is slightly higher than in E. globulus in Greater Cairo GC and Menoufia Governorate MG. While in terms of the investigated area, the concentrations of elements in MG is considerably higher than in GC. PLI spatial distribution over investigated areas showed that despite high population density, heavy traffic, and urban pollution, the Cairo samples exhibit significantly lower values as compared to those from Menoufia, which is most likely due to the uncontrolled industrial and domestic waste disposal outside Cairo. PER was significant for As in Soil and for As and Cd for tree species. Human toxicity shows higher values in urban locations. Contrariwise, in the terrestrial ecotoxicity aspect, the rural locations are much higher than in urban ones.
An integrated simulation modelling approach for a warehouse 4.0
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Zenezini Giovanni , Carlin Antonio , Rafele Carlo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a progressively unstable business environment characterized by customers' demand challenging to predict, innovative solutions must be developed to respond to the growing need for flexibility in supply chain operations. In this scenario, the innovations of Industry 4.0 allow exploiting new methods for the development, management, and improvement of processes. Supply chain operations can significantly benefit from implementing one of these innovations, namely Warehouse automation, which is composed of automated retrieval and storage systems (AS/RS) and mobile robots (MR). This article contributes provides a hybrid virtual model based on Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) paradigms of an integrated warehouse system, aiming to an ex-ante evaluation of the level of performance of the various logistic flows and the impact of operating parameters. The system into analysis consists of an automated warehouse with a maxi-shuttle-type translator, enslaved by mobile industrial robots and interfaced with a laboratory factory system equipped with an assembly station. Four experiments are carried out to analyze the warehousing system's performance by varying different parameters and design configurations. Results show that the model can determine the best design trade-off in terms of performance and is able to identify the bottlenecks of the system.
Tuning the Morphological Properties of Cellulose Aerogels: An Investigation of Salt-Mediated Preparation
Authors: Parajuli Prakash , Acharya Sanjit , Shamshina Julia , Abidi Noureddine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, alkali and alkaline earth metal chlorides with different cationic radii (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2) were used to gain insight into the behavior of cellulose solutions in the presence of salts. The specific focus of the study was evaluation of the effect of salts’ addition on the sol-gel transition of the cellulose solutions and on their ability to form monoliths, as well as evaluation of the morphology (e.g., specific surface area, pore characteristics, and microstructure) of aerocelluloses prepared from these solutions.
The effect of the salt addition on the sol-gel transition of cellulose solutions was studied using rheology, and morphology of resultant aerogels was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, while the salt influence on the aerocelluloses’ crystalline structure and thermal stability was evaluated using powder X-Ray Diffraction (pXRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. The study revealed that the effect of salts’ addition was dependent on the component ions and their concentration. The addition of salts in the amount below certain concentration limit significantly improved the ability of the cellulose solutions to form monoliths and reduced the sol-gel transition time. Salts of lower cationic radii had a greater effect on gelation. However, excessive amount of salts resulted in the formation of fragile monoliths or no formation of gels at all. Analysis of surface morphology demonstrated that the addition of salts resulted in a significant increase in porosity and specific surface area, with salts of lower cationic radii leading to aerogels with much larger (~1.5 and 1.6-fold for LiCl and MgCl2, respectively) specific surface area compared to aerocelluloses prepared with no added salt. Thus, by adding the appropriate salt into the cellulose solution prior to gelation, the properties of aerocelluloses that control material’s performance (specific surface area, density, and porosity) could be tailored for a specific application.
Anatomical aspects of the insula, opercula and peri-insular white matter for a transcortical approach to insular glioma resection
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz Andrzej , Bala Aleksandra , Marchel Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
The insula is a lobe located deep in each hemisphere of the brain and is surrounded by eloquent cortical, white matter and basal ganglia structures. The aim of this study was to provide an anatomical description of the insula and white matter tracts related to surgical treatment of gliomas through a transcortical approach. The study also discusses surgical implications in terms of intraoperative brain mapping.
Methods
Five adult brains were prepared according to the Klingler technique. Cortical anatomy was evaluated with the naked eye, whereas white matter dissection was performed with the use of a microscope.
Results
The widest exposure of the insular surface was noted through the temporal operculum, mainly in Zones III and IV according to the Berger-Sanai classification. By going through the pars triangularis in all cases, the anterior insular point and most of Zone I were exposed. The narrowest and deepest operating field was observed by going through the parietal operculum. This method provided a suitable approach to Zone II, where the corticospinal tract is not covered by the basal ganglia and is exposed just under the superior limiting sulcus. At the subcortical level, the identification of the inferior frontoocipital fasciculus at the level of the limen insulae is critical in terms of preserving the lenticulostriate arteries.
Conclusion
Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the insula and subcortical white matter that is exposed through each operculum is essential in preoperative planning as well as in the intraoperative decision-making process in terms of intraoperative brain mapping.
Postpartum Hip Pain Caused by Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Teramoto Juri , Nozawa Masahiko , Maeda Koichi , Sakamoto Yuko , Ochi Hironoi , Namiki Koji , Hayashi Chikato , Kato Suguru , Kim Sungon , Ishijima Muneaki , Sumiyoshi Masayoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSural pain is usually the primary complaint for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Hip pain in DVT is very uncommon. Case　summaryWe report a rare case of a young woman who complained of left hip pain and fever postpartum, and who was diagnosed with DVT. We first suspected purulent arthritis of the hip joint, and a magnetic resonance image (MRI) and enhanced computed tomography (CT) were performed. The MRI suggested DVT of the left iliac vein and the CT revealed a wide-range thrombus, which spread over the distal renal vein, femoral vein and common iliac vein to the sural vein. Treatment with insertion of a filter into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and use of an anticoagulant dissolved the thrombus.ConclusionDVT must be considered as a possibility whenever pregnant or postpartum women present with a fever of unknown origin or complain of hip pain with lower leg edema.
Nitrogen addition regulates allometric growth by changing the distribution patterns of endogenous hormones in different organs of Pinus tabuliformis
Authors: Peng Yuhang , Chen Keli , Wang Guoliang , Wei Furong , Ma Yanping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The mechanisms by which nitrogen (N) affects the allometric growth of plant organs by influencing the distribution of different hormones in plant organs remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of soil N levels on soil properties, the hormonal activities and growth parameters of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Methods: Seedlings of P. tabuliformis were subjected to 0, 3, 6, 12 g of N m-2 year-1. Growth parameter and hormone activity data (trans-zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1+3), indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA)) in leaf, stem, total root, coarse root (diameters >2 mm), fine root (1-2 mm) and finest root (0-1 mm) biomass were measured and analysed. Results: The results showed that N addition increased the growth of the leaves; stems; total roots; and coarse, fine, and finest roots of the seedlings, but decreased the ratio of underground to aboveground growth. Additionally, N addition increased the ZR content in stems, while decreasing the ABA content in leaves and whole roots and the GA1+3 content in whole roots, but IAA content was not significantly influenced by N addition. Furthermore, the hormones examined significantly influenced the growth of the leaves, stems, roots, and the coarse, fine, and finest roots. Conclusions: N addition affected the trans-zeatin riboside, gibberellin, indole acetic acid, and abscisic acid content in the various organs examined, which influenced the growth of the seedlings. Our research will provide an important reference for forestland governance and forest systems management under global atmospheric N deposition.
Laser Self-Trapping in Optical Tweezers for Nonlinear Particles
Authors: Ho Quy Quang , Thai Thanh Doan , Bui Kien Xuan , Nguyen Thang Manh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The optical tweezers are used to trap the particles embedded in a suitable fluid. The optical trap efficiency is significantly enhanced for nonlinear particleswhich response to the Kerr effect. The optical transverse gradient force makes these particles’ mass density in trapping region increasing, and the Kerr medium can be created. When the laser Gaussian beam propagates through it, the self-focusing, and consequentlyself-trappingcan appear. In this paper, a model describing the laser self-trapping in nonlinear particle solution of optical tweezers is proposed. The expressions for the Kerr effect, effective refractive index of nonlinear particle solution and the intensity distribution of reshaped Gaussian laser beam are derived, and the self-trapping of laser beam is numerically investigated. Finally, the guide properties of nonlinear particles-filled trapping region and guiding condition are analysed and discussed.
Elevated Urbanization-driven Plant Accumulation and Human Intake Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Crops of Peri-urban Farmlands
Authors: Zhang Anping , Ye Xintao , Yang Xindong , Li Jiacheng , Zhu Haofeng , Xu Honglei , Meng Jiaqi , Xu Tianwei , Sun Jianqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As a ubiquitous carcinogen, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are closely related to anthropogenic activities. The process of urbanization leads to the spatial interlacing of farmlands and urbanized zones. However, field evidence on the influence of urbanization on the accumulation of PAHs in crops of peri-urban farmlands is lacking. This study comparatively investigated the urbanization-driven levels, compositions, and sources of PAHs in 120 paired plant and soil samples collected from the Yangtze River Delta in China and their species-specific human intake risks. The concentrations of PAHs in crops and soils in the peri-urban areas were 2407.92 ng g−1 and 546.64 ng g−1, respectively, which are significantly higher than those in the rural areas. The PAHs in the root were highly relevant to those in the soils (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.01), and the root bioconcentration factors were higher than 1.0, implying the contributions of root uptake to plant accumulations. However, the translocation factors in the peri-urban areas (1.57 ± 0.33) were higher than those in the rural areas (1.19 ± 0.14), indicating the enhanced influence through gaseous absorption. For the congeners, the 2- to 3-ring PAHs showed a higher plant accumulation potential than the 4- to 6-ring PAHs. Principal component and source analyses show that the PAHs in the peri-urban plants predominantly resulted from urbanization parameters, such as coal combustion, vehicle emissions, and biomass burning. The mean values of estimated dietary intake of PAHs from the consumption of peri-urban and rural crops were 9116 ng d−1 and 6601.83 ng d−1, respectively. The intake risks of different crops followed the order rice > cabbage > carrot > pea. Given the significant input of PAHs from urban to farmland, the influence of many anthropogenic pollutants arising from rapid urbanization should be considered when assessing the agricultural food safety.
The Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Intrauterine Adhesion: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Gu Pan , Li Waixing , Xu Dabao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Bibliometric analysis is a statistical method which attempts to assess articles by their citations, analyzing their frequency and pattern of citing phenomenon. Through the analysis, some guidance can be extracted for future research directions. Over the past few years, there have been articles published in mounting numbers focused on intrauterine adhesions. Nevertheless, little is known about the properties and qualities of these researches. No existed analysis commits to reflecting the progress of researches in intrauterine adhesion.Methods: Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Citation Index and MEDLINE were searched for the identifying articles released from 1950 to October 2020. Articles concerning about Intrauterine adhesion were determined. Subsequently, the 100 most cited articles were chosen for analysis of citation count, citation density (citations/article age), authorship, theme, geographic distribution, time-related flux, level of evidence, and network analysis.Results: An overwhelming majority of the certain 100 articles were put out in the 2010s (35%). Citations per article ranged from 30 to 253. China possesses the most papers among the top 100 papers, followed by the USA, France, Israel and Italy. The study theme that most highlighted were operative hysteroscopy and adjunctive treatments for improving reproductive outcome. Level II is the most common level of evidence, and there is no statistical difference in the number of citations between the levels. The network analysis connoted that hysteroscopy, hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, infertility, and reproductive outcome had a great degree of centrality in the 2000s and 2010s, while placental implantation had a great degree of centrality in the 2000s and stem cell and fibrosis had a great degree of centrality in the 2010s. Conclusions: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles in the literature on intrauterine adhesions. It is worth noting that hysteroscopy and hysteroscopic adhesiolysis were long-term concern in the field of intrauterine adhesion researches. As the elapse of time, postoperative adjuvant treatment has gradually become the hot spot of researches. However, there are only 9 experimental articles among these 100 articles, showing the lack of breakthrough progress in the field of intrauterine adhesions at the mechanism level.
Tribological, Thermal and Corrosive behaviour of aluminium alloy 2219 reinforced by Si3N4 nanosized powder
Authors: J Manjunatha C , Narayana B. Venkata , Raja D Bino Prince , S Rimal Isaac R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The MMC technique is the most effective contrast method when compared with other techniques. By using the method of high energy stir casting, Aluminium alloy Al2219 is reinforced with various percentages of Si3N4 (0, 3, 6, and 9%) particles. X-ray diffraction along with Scanning electron microscope was performed to characterize the composite. The mechanical and thermal behaviours such as differential thermal analysis thermo gravimetric analysis/, tensile , wear and hardness behaviours were investigated. By using electro chemical potentiodynamic polarization test, the consequence of heat treatment on the corrosion behaviour of the composites when compared to its matrix in 3.5 % NaCl when at 600 rpm was also investigated. In this experimental study, the wear of the aluminium composites was significantly decreased on addition of Si3N4 particles. The study also revealed that, since the inclusion of Si3N4 in the samples and compared to the base aluminium alloy, the mechanical properties of the composites, such as wear resistance , hardness and tensile strength increased by percentage. The surface morphology and Scanning electron microscope analysis of worn surfaces in the test pieces unfold that with the increase in reinforcement content, wear rate decreases.
Mining genes related to microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on TCGA database
Authors: Liu Huiyong , Huang Wenbo , Lin Xingong , Xu Jie , Chen Zhiyao , Lin Jianqing , Huang Zhijun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background：Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its mechanism is related to tumor microenvironment. Immune / stromal score can be used to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) of cancer, but it has not been reported in ESCC.Methods: The expression profile and clinicopathological information of patients with ESCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The immune score and stromal score of patients with ESCC were calculated by ESTIMATE algorithm. The relationship between immune / stromal score and clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis of patients with ESCC was analyzed. DEGs were identified according to the score, followed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) analysis. The DEGs with prognostic value were revealed by overall survival analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed on these DEGs. Finally, the DEGs were verified by Chinese Cancer Genomic Database-Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma (CCGD-ESCC) database. Results: Immune and stromal scores were related to the prognosis of patients with ESCC. 223 DEGs were screened according to immune / stromal scores. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the selected DEGs was mainly related to plasma membrne, immune response and inflammatory response. Overall survival analysis showed that 68 genes were associated with prognosis. PPI network analysis showed that the core genes were CD86, LCP2, TLR7, CSF1R, C1QA, IRF8, CTLA4 and so on. A total of 17 genes with prognostic value were verified by CCGD-ESCC database. Conclusions: we screened and verified tumor microenvironment-related genes that have prognostic value and are expected to be used as therapeutic targets for patients with ESCC.
Overexpression of Some Stress Tolerance Genes Confers Enhanced Pesticide Tolerance in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Treated Bean Seedlings
Authors: Aydin Murat , Arslan Esra , Agar Guleray , Taspinar Mahmut Sinan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Overdose of pesticides leads to a decrease in yield and quality of plants such as bean. The unconscious use of deltamethrin, one of the synthetic insecticides, increases the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by causing oxidative stress in plants. In this case, plants tolerate to stress by activating the antioxidant defense mechanism and many genes. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) improves tolerance to stress by external administration in low doses. There are many gene families that are effective in the regulation of this mechanism. In addition, one of the response mechanisms at the molecular level against environmental stressors in plants is retrotransposon movements. In this study, the expression levels of SOD, GPX, CAT and SAP genes were determined by Q-PCR in deltamethrin (0.5 ppm) and various doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/l) of ALA treated bean seedlings. It was determined that while deltamethrin increased the expression of these genes, 20 and 40 mg/l ALA gradually increased the expression of genes at levels close to control, but 80 mg/l ALA increased almost the same level as deltamethrin. In addition, REMAP was performed to determine the polymorphism caused by retrotransposon movements. While deltamethrin treatment has caused to decrease of genomic template stability (GTS), ALA treatments have prevented this decline. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that ALA gives the utility for alleviating pesticide stress effects on bean.
A New Discovery on Visual Information Dynamic Changes from Retina to V2
Authors: Zhong Haixin , Wang Rubin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The information processing mechanisms of the visual nervous system remain to be unsolved scientific issues in neuroscience field, owing to a lack of unified and widely accepted theory for explanation. It has been well documented that approximately 80% of the rich and complicated perceptual information from the real world is transmitted to the visual cortex, only a small fraction of visual information reaches the V1 area. This, nevertheless, does not affect our visual perception. Furthermore, how neurons in V2 encode such a small amount of visual information has yet to be addressed. To this end, the current paper establishes a visual network model for retina-LGN-V1-V2 and quantitatively accounts for that response to the scarcity of visual information and encoding rules, based on the principle of neural mapping from V1 to V2. The results demonstrate that the visual information has a small degree of dynamic degradation when it is mapped from V1 to V2, during which there is a convolution calculation occurring. Therefore, visual information dynamic degradation mainly manifests itself along the pathway of the retina to V1, rather than V1 to V2. The slight changes in the visual information are attributable to the fact that the receptive fields (RFs) of V2 cannot further extract the image features. Meanwhile, despite the scarcity of visual information mapped from the retina, the RFs of V2 can still accurately respond to and encode “corner” information, due to the effects of synaptic plasticity, of which function is not existed in V1. This is a new discovery that has never been noticed before. To sum up, the coding of the “contour” feature (edge and corner) is achieved in the pathway of retina-LGN-V1-V2.