bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Model for Low Voltage Distribution Smart Feeder Overcurrent Protection System Using Microcontroller
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Srivastava Viranjay M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A Smart feeder is a growing energy distribution framework that is implanted with various types of energy distribution sources, as sustainable power sources, consolidated heat and power, and dispersed energy resources. The advantages of smart feeder arrangement are low transmission and dissemination cost, and, possibly, high dependability, high effectiveness, and low natural effect. Additionally, the administration of the electrical feeder system is getting increasingly problematic. The absence of data at the base feeder and the electricity administration network status have been distinguished as the significant obstruction to its successful monitoring and control of the electrical distribution system. This research work presents an advancement of the microcontroller-based smart feeder protection from overcurrent using fast using Solid State relay (SSR) to viable monitoring and control of the Feeder system. The simulation result of this work shows that the system is able to control and monitor the feeder protection system from overcurrent with the help of Microcontroller viable results that have been achieved with this system. In this research work, PhotoMOS relay cut-off time and overcurrent parameters have been calculated. The achieved results show significant results over the traditional EMR circuit protection. The PhotoMOS relay operating cut-off time 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 ms with respect to the overcurrent values 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mA, which is significantly less than the EMR protection system. A 220 V electricity network was utilized to test the reliability and quality of the microcontroller-based PhotoMOS circuit. The proposed approach is demonstrated to be compelling in both grids associated and islanded modes.
Antenna Azimuth Position Control Using Fractional Order PID Controller Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mahmood Ali , Almaged Mohammed , Abdulla Abdulla I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work shows the design procedure of fractional-order proportional–integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers for an antenna azimuth position system based on genetic algorithm optimization approach. FOPID controllers are considered as a special type of the classical PID controller in which the derivative and integral elements have orders of fractions between zero and one. Therefore, FOPID controllers comprise two additional variables ( μ and λ ) in comparison with the typical PID controller. The FOPID is designed to control the azimuth angle of the antenna. Genetic algorithm (GA) will be employed to find an optimal value for the five FOPID controller’s gains using different type of fitness function including mean square error (MSE), integral square error (ISE) and integral time square error (ITSE). The achieved results exhibit an excellent steady and transient state performance of system, for instant fast settling and rise times as well as low present of peak overshoot.
A Rail line model with distributed parameters of track circuit
Authors: Aliev Ravshan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Models of continuous jointlesstrack circuits with an adaptive receiver are presented, where the power supply is connected to the beginning or middle of the rail circuit, and also to the locomotive receiver. The aim of the work is to develop models of rail lines, which take into account the actual current distribution along the track line and which may be used to research adaptive jointlesstrack circuits. The electric schemes of the jointlesstrack circuits are given, equations, connecting currents and voltages at the ends of the rail line, coefficient of four-pole rail lines, algorithms for calculating track circuits. In conclusion, that the track circuit can operate at an insulation resistance four times lower than the permissible value, where the permissible insulation resistance is Ri = 1om*km. New approaches and tools for analyzing and synthesizing solutions are considered, with considering account real operating conditions and disturbing factors.
Realization of Dependable Digital Systems for Safety-Critical Computer Systems using FPGAs
Authors: bashi F N kassab , Khairullah S S , Elks C R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Digital systems built based on field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly being used in safety-critical computer systems. These systems typically require high levels of integrity, reliability, and performance to ensure the correct operation of the critical application in which the digital systems are embedded. To achieve the safety and functional objectives, many hardware architectural scenarios based on fault tolerance techniques were proposed. This research paper presents a new dependable digital system (DDS) that consists of fault tolerant blocks (FTBs), spare functional blocks (SFBs), synchronization units, and input output units. Markov-based chain have been used to model the correct operation of the proposed hardware system that is targeted to be realized on FPGA-based technology. This system was designed to be reliable against transient faults (TF), permanent faults (PF), and hardware common cause failures (CCF). The reliability analysis of the proposed system was accomplished with Markov modeling techniques which could express the regenerative behavior of the digital system. Certain states in the system represent system failure, while others represent fault-free behavior in the presence of faults. Finally, based on the MathWorks Simulink simulation results of modeling the DDS digital system, the system does meet its functionality and reliability requirements.
Power consumption measurements of WSN based on Arduino
Authors: Salim U T , Qaddoori S L , Al-Saegh A , Ali Q I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To deal with the deficiencies and limitations for existing wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes, such as low generality, low degree of variability and poor flexibility, Arduino WSN node’s development benefits are integrated with Bluetooth wireless communication characteristics. This paper introduces four simple point-to-point WSN power measurement methods. Each WSN node is constructed from Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, Bluetooth module, and different sensors. The paper’s goal is to characterize the power consumption at different power-saving modes. So, numerous power measurement methodologies are presented to measure the power consumption of the WSN node, in real-time, for different power saving modes such as (idle, sleep, power-down, etc.). These methodologies also determine the power consumption at communication states. Then the results obtained from these states show that the idle mode consumes more power than the other modes. In addition, the transmitted state consumes the major power regardless of the data rate used during the communication between the two ends.
Hybrid DCT-SVD Based Digital Watermarking Scheme with Chaotic Encryption for Medical Images
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed A , Jebur Bilal A , Younus Karam M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The quality of medical image is crucial due to the sensitivity of medical diagnoses. Nowadays medical images are commonly shared between various entities across the medical sector to improve the quality of diagnoses. Thus, watermarking process is usually applied on these images to embed patient’s private information. One of the key challenges is preserving image quality, keeping it clean of distortions after the watermarking process, and sustaining robustness. In this work, a hybrid Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Singular value decomposition (SVD) based image watermarking scheme with chaotic encryption is proposed. The obtained results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme is secure and robust compared to the present schemes. In particular, the results show decent robustness and excellent imperceptibility of watermarked host medical images. Moreover, Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and Normalized Correlation (NC) are used to evaluate the performance of the scheme. The scheme has shown a minimum PSNR of 59 dB and an NC value of 1 with no attacks applied, and not less than 0.5 with the presence of various attacks.
Synthesis and Implementation of IIR Filter using VHDL Language
Authors: Gadawe N. T. , Fathi T.A. , Qaddoori S.L. , Hamad R. W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
VHDL is a hardware description language of different hardware architectures at divers’ levels of abstraction. The language is used for design, modelling, and investigation of hardware. In this paper, it is presented hardware implementation architectures of IIR filter using synthesizable VHDL. The MATLAB Filter Design and Analysis Tool (FDA Tool) is usedto calculate filter coefficients. Then, the filter is simulated and implemented on the Xilinx xc3s500efg320-4. A fixed-point number representation is used in the implementation of the filter. The proposed design of the filter includes two architectures: parallel architecture and programmable multiplexing architecture, each type has its advantages and disadvantages. In the results, some figures depending on the size of design (filter length) are introduced in the synthesis report.
Design of Fractional-order Sobel Filters for Edge Detections
Authors: Edress Ibtisam , Al-Sabawi Emad A. , Younus Majid Dherar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Most image processing applications use edge detection to extract information as a preliminary step to object segmentation and feature extraction. Edge accuracy is one of the edge detector challenges; The current work presents the design of the fractional-order Sobel filters based on Yi_Fei-1 to Yi_Fei-5. A comparison among the proposed filters has been implemented for edge detection based on a supervised assessment, using mean square error, misclassification error, and symmetric distance. Many images with their ground truths have been used in the evaluation. Results showed that the fractional-order of Sobel-based Yi_Fei-2 has the best edge map among the proposed filters.
Flux Observation of Induction Machine Based on the Enhanced Sensorless Voltage Model
Authors: Al-Badrani Harith 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the identification of the rotor flux of the induction machine. In the field-oriented control topology, since the terminal stator voltages are a pulsating voltage, so the only way is to calculate the reference values of the voltages from the inverter states phase. At very low speed, the reconstructed voltages are nearly not real, so that, the range of speed rotation of an encoder-less field-oriented control is not quite enough to cover all the speed range. However, the design of a 3-phase inverter which is prepared by silicon carbide (SiC)-MOSFETs with inserting an output filter between the inverter and the machine may supply sinusoidal voltages and currents at the output. The high switching frequency which can be applied with the SiC MOSFETs permits the proposal and implementation of a small low pass LC filter that can be equipped with the inverter output side. With this structure, it is possible to reduce the harmonic of the output voltages in addition to reduce the content of the current harmonics causing in a practically sinusoidal voltage as confirmed in the experimental results of this work. The main goal of this outline is two points, on the first side it can be reduce the winding machine stress, therefore, it is minimizing the harmonic in the voltages at the machine terminals. And on the other hand, is to use the measured voltages as an alternative of the recalculated ones to enhance the voltage model and the performance of the control scheme. It is predictable that the range of machine speed of an encoder-less field-oriented control can be extended.
Structural performance of reinforced self-compacting concrete columns produced with palm oil fuel ash
Authors: Mujedu K A , A-Kadir M A , Ismail M , Mastor M N M A , Zuhan N , Aluko O G , Sif M T M A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is an agricultural waste produced from the palm oil industries and disposes off into an open ground without any reprocessing or profitable return, has been established to enrich concrete durability as well as mechanical properties when used to replace cement. However the POFA used to partially substitute cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC) production were done on material properties by fabricating standard specimens such as cylinders, prisms and cubes. Moreover, the utilization of POFA to partially substitute cement to cast reinforced concrete structural members is not common compared to fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. This study therefore focuses on structural performance of reinforced self-compacting concrete columns produced with palm oil fuel ash. Two mixes of SCC containing 0% and 15% of POFA were prepared to fabricate the columns. The main variables considered were percentage of POFA content, percentage of steel reinforcement ratio (2% and 3%) and thickness of concrete cover (25 mm and 35 mm). Eight columns were fabricated altogether and tested under axial compression load up to failure. The results of the test revealed that the ultimate axial capacity of reinforced SCC columns produced with POFA is higher than the columns produced without POFA by approximately 2.6% and 2.2% for 25 mm and 35 mm concrete covers, and 2.9% and 2.5% for 2% and 3% steel reinforcement ratios. It is also observed that the load-deflection pattern of reinforced SCC columns produced with and without POFA follow similar trends. However, columns produced with POFA showed slightly lower stiffness than the columns produced without POFA.
Effect of reduction of heat using Kenaf fibrous pulverised fuel ash concrete in hydration process
Authors: Azzmi N M , Yatim J M , Mazlan D , Md Ulang Norhidayah , Hashim S Z , Kamarudin N A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since early civilization, the toughness of concrete Pozzolanic materials, either naturally occurring or artificially produced, has long been in practice. The purpose of pozzolanic materials in the cement industry especially contributes to strengthening the concrete structure after its reaction with water. However, the increase in temperature of the cement mixture after the addition of water becomes a great concern. Which can affect the quality of the structure afterward. Therefore, this research mainly focuses on the study of the heat of hydration process in the early stages of a concrete mixture. Four types of concrete mixtures are used in this study are Ordinary Portland Cement concrete (OPC), pulverised fuel ash cement concrete (PFAC), Kenaf fibrous concrete (KFC), and Kenaf pulverised fuel ash concrete (KFPC). The temperature of all samples was recorded for 72 hours. The selection of pozzolanic material of PFA cement in the mixture was found to play an important role in controlling the heat. The result indicated that the replacement of 25% of PFA (for PFAC sample) and addition of Kenaf fiber (for KFC sample) in the concrete mixture reduced the heat of hydration by 5% and 3% respectively, compared to the conventional OPC mixture. Thus, the combination of PFA and Kenaf fiber in one concrete mixture can result in a 6% reduction of the heat of hydration. Hence, the partial replacement of cement with pulverised fuel ash and kenaf fiber is beneficial, especially for mass concrete where it can minimize the effect of thermal cracking of the structure due to excessive heat rise.
Tracking Performance of Pneumatic Position Using Fractional-Order PIλDμ Controller
Authors: Naji Muftah Mohamed , Athif Mohd Faudzi Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An Intelligent Pneumatic Actuator (IPA) system is known to be highly nonlinear, subject to nonlinearities which make it difficult to control the precise position of the actuator. Thus, system modelling is crucial in creating a mathematical model that demonstrates the dynamics of a system. In this study, the pneumatic system has been modelled by an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) model structure, while PID and fractional orders PIλDμ (FOPID) were used as control strategies. Finally, a simulation-based comparative analysis was evaluated and addressed to decide which controller provides a better tracking performance (Steady State Error (e ss), Percentage of Overshoot (%Os), Settling Time (7¾ and Rise Time (7>)).
Review on current advances and consideration issues in preparing soil-rock mixture for laboratory testing
Authors: Salimun N , Mohamad H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An extensive review of the soil-rock mixture strength measurement has been carried under various geomaterials and experimental methods. Primarily, the factors affecting the SRM mechanical behaviour and the testing methods discussed to further understand the importance of the sample preparation process before conducting laboratory testing. The soil-rock mixture is prepared in the laboratory using the test scheme proposed from very recent literature to perceive the dependence of the sample preparation procedure on the result of strength measurement. Then, a thorough literature review conducted to highlight the significant observations that are important in developing a systematic procedure for soil-rock mixture laboratory testing. Furthermore, the findings conclude that besides the soil-rock ratio, the moisture content, type of soil or finer grain component, and variation block strength or coarse grain component are essential factors that need to be determined while preparing soil-rock mixture samples before conducting the laboratory testing. Finally, for the future research direction of preparing a systematic standard for soil-rock mixture samples, several key points include the particle size, the range of soil-rock ratio, the geomaterials used, and the compaction degree proposed to be considered.
Effects of Hot-Press Temperature and Mix Proportions on Mechanical Behaviours of Hybrid Coconut Fibre Particleboard
Authors: Tawasil D N , Aminudin E , Lim H A S , Chung L P , Soh N M Z N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper represents the process in selecting the suitable hot press temperature, resin content and percentage of proportion for sawdust and coconut fibre in producing particleboard by investigating the mechanical behaviours (BS EN 310: 1993) and physical properties (BS EN 323:1993, BS EN 324). The process begins with preparation of materials which are sawdust and coconut fibre that were sieved and retained at 5mm sieve with oven-dried. The mixing process of this hybrid particle board which consist from sawdust and coconut fibre with the additional of resin (Urea Formaldehyde) being sprayed and hot pressed. The thickness and density for this experiment were fixed with targeted at 16mm and 650 kg/m 3 respectively. The hot press temperature was manipulated varies from 140 °C, 160°C and 180°C, resin content varies from 6%, 8% and 10%, while the percentage of proportion (%) of sawdust (SD) to coconut fibre (CF) varies from 100SD:0CF, 70SD:30CF, 50SD:50CF, 30SD:70CF and 0SD:100CF of weight. The particleboards were conditioned to room temperature for 7 days before tested for physical and mechanical properties. The results show that the suitable hot press temperature is 160°C, resin content at 8% and percentage of proportion for sawdust to coconut fibre are 30SD:70CF and 0SD:100CF for particleboard where the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) 2689 N/mm² and 2450 N/mm 2 respectively, Modulus of Rupture (MOR) are 18.74 N/mm 2 and 20.69 N/mm 2 respectively in accordance to BS EN 312:2010.
Quantum process tomography of a Mølmer-Sørensen gate via a global beam
Authors: Tinkey Holly N , Meier Adam M , Clark Craig R , Seck Christopher M , Brown Kenton R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present a framework for quantum process tomography of two-ion interactions that leverages modulations of the trapping potential and composite pulses from a global laser beam to achieve individual-ion addressing. Tomographic analysis of identity and delay processes reveals dominant error contributions from laser decoherence and slow qubit frequency drift during the tomography experiment. We use this framework on two co-trapped 40Ca+ ions to analyze both an optimized and an overpowered Mølmer–Sørensen gate and to compare the results of this analysis to a less informative Bell-state tomography measurement and to predictions based on a simplified noise model. These results show that the technique is effective for the characterization of two-ion quantum processes and for the extraction of meaningful information about the errors present in the system. The experimental convenience of this method will allow for more widespread use of process tomography for characterizing entangling gates in trapped-ion systems.
Textured, lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with high figure of merit for energy harvesting
Authors: Haugen Astri Bjørnetun , Ringgaard Erling , Levassort Franck 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectrics are key materials for energy conversion, for example in ultrasound transducers and energy harvesters. This work presents the synthesis and characterization of the lead-free piezoelectric composition (Li0.06(K0.52Na0.48)0.94)(Nb0.71Ta0.29)O3 doped with 0.25 mol% Mn (KNNLTM) as textured ceramics. Templated grain growth from NaNbO3 platelet templates aligned by tape casting was used to introduce texture, and after sintering for 14 h at 1100 °C this produced up to 84% (100)pc grain orientation. After high temperature poling, the textured samples exhibit reasonable piezoelectric response with d
33 values up to 171 pC N−1, and k
t values of 0.35, which is 71% of the response obtained in a single crystal of the same composition. The low relative dielectric permittivity of the textured and high temperature-poled KNNLTM (ϵ
33
T/ϵ
0 down to 182) resulted in record-high piezoelectric voltage constants (g
33 up to 101 mV m N−1), higher than previously reported for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, as well as very high figure of merit (d
33
g
33 up to 16 × 10−12 m3 J−1) for non-resonant energy harvesting in compression. These numbers make the textured KNNLTM materials of this work highly promising for use in thickness mode, non-resonant piezoelectric energy harvesters.