bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Li Maoyu , Dey Raja , Chen Yongheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer is a disease with complex pathological process. Current chemotherapy faces problems such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, induction of multi-drug resistance and stem-like cells growth. Nanomaterials are materials in the nanorange 1–100 nm which possess unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Nanomaterials used in cancer therapy can be classified into several main categories. Targeting cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and immune system, these nanomaterials have been modified for a wide range of cancer therapies to overcome toxicity and lack of specificity, enhance drug capacity as well as bioavailability. Although the number of studies has been increasing, the number of approved nano-drugs has not increased much over the years. To better improve clinical translation, further research is needed for targeted drug delivery by nano-carriers to reduce toxicity, enhance permeability and retention effects, and minimize the shielding effect of protein corona. This review summarizes novel nanomaterials fabricated in research and clinical use, discusses current limitations and obstacles that hinder the translation from research to clinical use, and provides suggestions for more efficient adoption of nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
Low titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after first vaccination dose in cancer patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Zagouri Flora , Liontos Michalis , Sklirou Aimilia D. , Koutsoukos Konstantinos , Markellos Christos , Briasoulis Alexandros , Papanagnou Eleni-Dimitra , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVaccination for SARS-CoV-2 provides significant protection against the infection in the general population. However, only limited data exist for patients with cancer under systemic therapy. Based on this, our site has initiated a study evaluating safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with solid and hematological malignancies under several systemic therapies. The initial results of the cohort of 59 patients receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors are presented here. Despite no new safety issues have been noticed, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are significantly lower in comparison to matched healthy volunteers up to day 22 post the first dose. These results should be taken into consideration for the patients under treatment.
Optimising the timing of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury
Authors: Cove Matthew E. , MacLaren Graeme , Brodie Daniel , Kellum John A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe optimal timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) has been much debated. Over the past five years several studies have provided new guidance for evidence-based decision-making. High-quality evidence now supports an approach of expectant management in critically ill patients with AKI, where RRT may be deferred up to 72 h unless a life-threatening indication develops. Nevertheless, physicians’ judgment still plays a central role in identifying appropriate patients for expectant management.
Disease activity influences the reclassification of rheumatoid arthritis into very high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Corrales Alfonso , Quevedo-Abeledo Juan Carlos , Vegas-Revenga Nuria , Blanco Ricardo , Portilla Virginia , Atienza-Mateo Belén , González-Gay Miguel Á. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that risk chart algorithms, such as the Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE), often underestimate the actual cardiovascular (CV) risk of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In contrast, carotid ultrasound was found to be useful to identify RA patients at high CV. In the present study, we aimed to determine if specific disease features influence the CV risk reclassification of RA patients assessed by SCORE risk charts and carotid ultrasound.

Methods
1279 RA patients without previous CV events, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease were studied. Disease characteristics including disease activity scores, CV comorbidity, SCORE calculation, and the presence of carotid plaque by carotid ultrasound were assessed. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to evaluate if the reclassification into very high CV risk category was independently associated with specific features of the disease including disease activity. Additionally, a prediction model for reclassification was constructed in RA patients.

Results
After carotid ultrasound assessments, 54% of the patients had carotid plaque and consequently fulfilled definition for very high CV risk. Disease activity was statistically significantly associated with reclassification after fully multivariable analysis. A predictive model containing the presence of dyslipidemia and hypertension, an age exceeding 54 years, and a DAS28-ESR score equal or higher than 2.6 yielded the highest discrimination for reclassification.

Conclusion
Reclassification into very high CV risk after carotid ultrasound assessment occurs in more than the half of patients with RA. This reclassification can be independently explained by the activity of the disease.
Body composition in professional female netball players within and between seasons: a cohort study
Authors: Hogarth Luke , Farley Ava , McKenzie Max , Burkett Brendan , McKean Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information on the physique attributes of female netball players from the highest playing standards and the typical body composition changes that occur with training and competition in these athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the body composition of professional female netball players and changes that occur within and between national premier netball seasons.MethodsDual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments were conducted in 20 female netball players (age = 26.5 [4.7] years, body mass = 77.3 [9.7] kg, stature = 182.7 [9.5] cm) contracted to a Suncorp Super Netball team. Total body lean mass, fat mass, bone mass and bone mineral density were derived for 127 assessments collected over three seasons. Linear mixed effects modelling was used to examine changes in body composition measures within and between seasons.ResultsGoal circle players were heavier (12.3 [3.5] kg,p < 0.001,g = 1.51) and taller (15.0 [2.7] cm,p < 0.001,g = 2.30) than midcourt players, and midcourt players had greater lean mass (3.1 [1.6] %,p = 0.07,g = 0.85) and less fat mass (-3.3 [1.7] %,p = 0.06,g= -0.84) than goal circle players when values were normalised to body mass. Players achieved increases in lean mass (2,191 [263] g,p < 0.01,g = 0.45) and decreases in fat mass (-835 [351] g,p = 0.09,g= -0.16) following a preseason preparation period. There were no changes in lean mass (-394 [295] g,p = 0.54,g = 0.07) or fat mass (102 [389] g,p = 0.99,g = 0.04) from the start to the end of the 14-week competition period.ConclusionsProfessional female netball players achieve small changes in lean mass and fat mass during preseason preparation and maintain their physique over the competitive season. The results of this study can inform practitioners on the training content necessary to promote or maintain desired body composition changes in these athletes.
Possible immunoglobulin-E-dependent sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis caused by an epitope other than γ-cyclodextrin: a case report
Authors: Horiuchi Tatsuo , Takazawa Tomonori , Sakamoto Shinya , Orihara Masaki , Yokohama Akihiko , Uchiyama Mutsumi , Saito Shigeru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Sugammadex is a synthetic γ-cyclodextrin derivative designed to selectively bind to steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents and reverse their effects. Although many cases of sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis have been reported, few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old Japanese man underwent a laryngectomy under general anesthesia. One month before laryngectomy, he had undergone laryngoscopy under general anesthesia and received sugammadex administration without causing hypersensitivity. He had no history of allergies. The operation was finished without complications. Shortly after sugammadex administration, his blood pressure dropped to approximately 70 mmHg, and his heart rate increased to 110 beats/minute with systemic erythema. Suspecting anaphylaxis, he was treated with the intravenous injection of phenylephrine, d-chlorpheniramine, and hydrocortisone. After these treatments, his cardiovascular condition stabilized. Eight months after the event, skin prick tests and intradermal tests with all agents used during general anesthesia were performed. Intradermal tests showed positive results only for sugammadex. Subsequently, basophil activation tests with CD203c were performed using sugammadex, γ-cyclodextrin, and positive controls (anti-immunoglobulin-E and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine). In addition to both controls, sugammadex, but not γ-cyclodextrin, induced significant upregulation of CD203c expression. We performed additional basophil activation tests with wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, to investigate the mechanism underlying sugammadex-induced basophil activation. The inhibitory effect of wortmannin on basophil activation due to sugammadex was similar to that of anti-immunoglobulin-E, suggesting an immunoglobulin-E-dependent mechanism. Although the patient showed no hypersensitivity after the first exposure of sugammadex, anaphylaxis appeared after the second administration. Because most cases of sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis reportedly appeared after first administration, this seems to be a rare case.

Conclusions
In the present case, sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis might have occurred through an immunoglobulin-E-dependent mechanism and not involve γ-cyclodextrin as an epitope. Physicians should pay attention to the occurrence of sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis even when the patient has a history of safe administration of sugammadex.
Weighted Cheeger constant and first eigenvalue lower bound estimates on smooth metric measure spaces
Authors: Abolarinwa Abimbola , Ali Akram , Alkhadi Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe establish new eigenvalue inequalities in terms of the weighted Cheeger constant for drifting p-Laplacian on smooth metric measure spaces with or without boundary. The weighted Cheeger constant is bounded from below by a geometric constant involving the divergence of suitable vector fields. On the other hand, we establish a weighted form of Escobar–Lichnerowicz–Reilly lower bound estimates on the first nonzero eigenvalue of the drifting bi-Laplacian on weighted manifolds. As an application, we prove buckling eigenvalue lower bound estimates, first, on the weighted geodesic balls and then on submanifolds having bounded weighted mean curvature.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare-associated infections in intensive care unit patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Baccolini V. , Migliara G. , Isonne C. , Dorelli B. , Barone L. C. , Giannini D. , Marotta D. , Marte M. , Mazzalai E. , Alessandri F. , Pugliese F. , Ceccarelli G. , De Vito C. , Marzuillo C. , De Giusti M. , Villari P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
During the intensive care units’ (ICUs) reorganization that was forced by the COVID-19 emergency, attention to traditional infection control measures may have been reduced. Nevertheless, evidence on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is still limited and mixed. In this study, we estimated the pandemic impact on HAI incidence and investigated the HAI type occurring in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Patients admitted to the main ICU of the Umberto I teaching hospital of Rome from March 1st and April 4th 2020 were compared with patients hospitalized in 2019. We assessed the association of risk factors and time-to-first event through multivariable Fine and Grey’s regression models, that consider the competitive risk of death on the development of HAI (Model 1) or device related-HAI (dr-HAI, Model 2) and provide estimates of the sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) and its associated confidence interval (CI). A subgroup analysis was performed on the 2020 cohort.

Results
Data from 104 patients were retrieved. Overall, 59 HAIs were recorded, 32 of which occurred in the COVID-19 group. Patients admitted in 2020 were found to be positively associated with both HAI and dr-HAI onset (SHR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.31–5.38, and SHR: 10.0, 95% CI 1.84–54.41, respectively). Despite being not confirmed at the multivariable analysis, a greater proportion of dr-HAIs seemed to occur in COVID-19 patients, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-related urinary tract infections.

Conclusions
We observed an increase in the incidence of patients with HAIs, especially dr-HAIs, mainly sustained by COVID-19 patients. A greater susceptibility of these patients to device-related infections was hypothesized, but further studies are needed.
Surfactant protein D: a useful marker for differentiation of drug-induced pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Waseda Yuko , Yasui Masahide , Kurokawa Kousuke , Chikazawa Ryo , Takeda Toshihiro , Mitsui Miho , Sonoda Tomoaki , Yamaguchi Makiko , Watanabe Satoshi , Takato Hazuki , Ichikawa Yukari , Umeda Yukihiro , Anzai Masaki , Ueda Hiroshi , Kasahara Kazuo , Ishizuka Tamotsu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Drug-induced pneumonia (d-pneumonia) and bacterial pneumonia (b-pneumonia) are often difficult to differentiate; therefore, this study examined the possibility of differentiating them using serum biomarkers.

Methods
The study included 22 and 16 patients diagnosed with b- and d-pneumonia, respectively, at our institution or affiliated institutions. For d-pneumonia, the causative drug was minocycline hydrochloride in four patients, gefitinib in two patients, nivolumab in two patients, pembrolizumab in two patients, sulfasalazine in two patients, loxoprofen in one patient, Bouiougitou in one patient, edoxaban tosilate hydrate in one patient, and abemaciclib in one patient. White blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), surfactant protein (SP)-D, and SP-A levels were measured in each patient and compared between the groups.

Results
Significant differences were noted in the WBC and SP-D levels between the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.001), but not in the CRP, KL-6, or SP-A levels.

Conclusion
The study results suggest that SP-D is a useful marker for differentiating b-pneumonia and d-pneumonia.
Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With Cancer: Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Authors: Sharafeldin Noha , Bates Benjamin , Song Qianqian , Madhira Vithal , Yan Yao , Dong Sharlene , Lee Eileen , Kuhrt Nathaniel , Shao Yu Raymond , Liu Feifan , Bergquist Timothy , Guinney Justin , Su Jing , Topaloglu Umit 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEVariation in risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer and COVID-19 has been reported from relatively small cohorts. The NCATS’ National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) is a centralized data resource representing the largest multicenter cohort of COVID-19 cases and controls nationwide. We aimed to construct and characterize the cancer cohort within N3C and identify risk factors for all-cause mortality from COVID-19.METHODSWe used 4,382,085 patients from 50 US medical centers to construct a cohort of patients with cancer. We restricted analyses to adults ≥ 18 years old with a COVID-19–positive or COVID-19–negative diagnosis between January 1, 2020, and March 25, 2021. We followed N3C selection of an index encounter per patient for analyses. All analyses were performed in the N3C Data Enclave Palantir platform.RESULTSA total of 398,579 adult patients with cancer were identified from the N3C cohort; 63,413 (15.9%) were COVID-19–positive. Most common represented cancers were skin (13.8%), breast (13.7%), prostate (10.6%), hematologic (10.5%), and GI cancers (10%). COVID-19 positivity was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24). Among COVID-19–positive patients, age ≥ 65 years, male gender, Southern or Western US residence, an adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥ 4, hematologic malignancy, multitumor sites, and recent cytotoxic therapy were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Patients who received recent immunotherapies or targeted therapies did not have higher risk of overall mortality.CONCLUSIONUsing N3C, we assembled the largest nationally representative cohort of patients with cancer and COVID-19 to date. We identified demographic and clinical factors associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Full characterization of the cohort will provide further insights into the effects of COVID-19 on cancer outcomes and the ability to continue specific cancer treatments.
Black holes thermodynamics from a dual Kaniadakis entropy
Authors: Abreu Everton M. C. , Ananias Neto Jorge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKaniadakis entropy, an important extension of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, was proposed some years ago. Inspired by a dual Renyi entropy, in this paper we have suggested a dual Kaniadakis entropy and we applied this approach to analyze the thermodynamics of black holes. We have obtained an equipartition theorem and, after that, we derived the temperature and the heat capacity. The values ofκand massMwill show if the black hole can be thermally stable or not.
Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes at Birth: Cord Blood Metabolites vs Genetic Risk Score in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort
Authors: Tapia German , Suvitaival Tommi , Ahonen Linda , Lund-Blix Nicolai A , Njølstad Pål R , Joner Geir , Skrivarhaug Torild , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Størdal Ketil , Stene Lars C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and aimGenetic markers are established as predictive of type 1 diabetes, but unknown early life environment is believed to be involved. Umbilical cord blood may reflect perinatal metabolism and exposures. We studied whether selected polar metabolites in cord blood contribute to prediction of type 1 diabetes.MethodsUsing a targeted UHPLC-QQQ-MS platform, we quantified 27 low-molecular-weight metabolites (including amino acids, small organic acids, and bile acids) in 166 children, who later developed type 1 diabetes, and 177 random control children in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort. We analyzed the data using logistic regression (estimating odds ratios per SD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)]), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and k-means clustering. Metabolites were compared to a genetic risk score based on 51 established non-HLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and a 4-category HLA risk group.ResultsThe strongest associations for metabolites were aminoadipic acid (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.97-1.55), indoxyl sulfate (aOR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.87-1.51), and tryptophan (aOR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65-1.10), with other aORs close to 1.0, and none significantly associated with type 1 diabetes. K-means clustering identified 6 clusters, none of which were associated with type 1 diabetes. Cross-validated AUC showed no predictive value of metabolites (AUC 0.49), whereas the non-HLA genetic risk score AUC was 0.56 and the HLA risk group AUC was 0.78.ConclusionsIn this large study, we found no support of a predictive role of cord blood concentrations of selected bile acids and other small polar metabolites in the development of type 1 diabetes.
Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Regulates Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Fatty Acid Use in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Zhou Jin , Gauthier Karine , Ho Jia Pei , Lim Andrea , Zhu Xu-Guang , Han Cho Rong , Sinha Rohit Anthony , Cheng Sheue-Yann , Yen Paul Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) weakness occurs in hypothyroidism and resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα) syndrome. However, the cell signaling and molecular mechanism(s) underlying muscle weakness under these conditions is not well understood. We thus examined the role of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα), the predominant TR isoform in SM, on autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolism to demonstrate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying muscle weakness in these two conditions.
Two genetic mouse models were used in this study: TRα1PV/+ mice, which express the mutant Thra1PV gene ubiquitously, and SM-TRα1L400R/+ mice, which express TRα1L400R in a muscle-specific manner. Gastrocnemius muscle from TRα1PV/+, SM-TRα1L400R/+, and their control mice was harvested for analyses.
We demonstrated that loss of TRα1 signaling in gastrocnemius muscle from both the genetic mouse models led to decreased autophagy as evidenced by accumulation of p62 and decreased expression of lysosomal markers (lysosomal-associated membrane protein [LAMP]-1 and LAMP-2) and lysosomal proteases (cathepsin B and cathepsin D). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), key factors contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis as well as mitochondrial proteins, were decreased, suggesting that there was reduced mitochondrial biogenesis due to the expression of mutant TRα1. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of SM suggested that lipid catabolism was impaired and was associated with decreased acylcarnitines and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the SM from the mouse line expressing SM-specific mutant TRα1. Our results provide new insight into TRα1-mediated cell signaling, molecular, and metabolic changes that occur in SM when TR action is impaired.
Hydrostatic mechanical stress regulates growth and maturation of the atrioventricular valve
Authors: Bassen David , Wang Mingkun , Pham Duc , Sun Shuofei , Rao Rashmi , Singh Rishabh , Butcher Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
During valvulogenesis, cytoskeletal, secretory and transcriptional events drive endocardial cushion growth and remodeling into thin fibrous leaflets. Genetic disorders play an important role in understanding valve malformations but only account for a minority of clinical cases. Mechanical forces are ever present, but how they coordinate molecular and cellular decisions remains unclear. In this study, we used osmotic pressure to interrogate how compressive and tensile stresses influence valve growth and shape maturation. We found that compressive stress drives a growth phenotype, whereas tensile stress increases compaction. We identified a mechanically activated switch between valve growth and maturation, by which compression induces cushion growth via BMP-pSMAD1/5, while tension induces maturation via pSer-19-mediated MLC2 contractility. The compressive stress acts through BMP signaling to increase cell proliferation and decrease cell contractility, and MEK-ERK is essential for both compressive stress and BMP mediation of compaction. We further showed that the effects of osmotic stress are conserved through the condensation and elongation stages of development. Together, our results demonstrate that compressive/tensile stress regulation of BMP-pSMAD1/5 and MLC2 contractility orchestrates valve growth and remodeling.