bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dataset of tracked mesoscale precipitation systems in the tropics
Authors: Russell James , Rajagopal Manikandan , Veals Peter , Skok Gregor , Zipser Edward , Tinoco‐Morales Michell 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) are often quantified via surface‐based radar network, geostationary satellite, or low earth orbit satellite observations. However, each of these has drawbacks for detecting cloud systems such as a lack of global coverage, a lack of variables to quantify deep convective cloud and precipitation properties, and a lack of continuous observations of individual MCSs, respectively. To generate a dataset of tropical Tracked IMERG Mesoscale Precipitation Systems (TIMPS), we use the Forward in Time tracking algorithm to track precipitation systems in the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG). IMERG is a global gridded precipitation product that incorporates observations from a constellation of satellites with passive microwave sensors and other sources, allowing the TIMPS dataset to have continuous temporal precipitation information for MCSs in a global tropical strip with data every 30 min in time and 0.1° in space. TIMPS are provided in a publicly available data base with a variety of variables including MCS size, motion, and precipitation properties, estimations of MCS life cycle stages, and their proximity to the nearest tropical cyclone. By combining the TIMPS dataset with the University of Washington Convective Features database, we also provide snapshots of information from more spatially detailed space‐borne radar coverage. The TIMPS dataset provides the means for detailed long‐term and large‐scale study of MCSs in all regions of the tropics with applications such as composite studies of MCS life cycles and the evaluation of model performance.
Racial Disparities in Perioperative Outcomes for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Fereydooni Soraya , Valdez Caroline , Williams Lauren C. , Verma Avanti , Judson Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize the perioperative complications after ablative and reconstructive surgery in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) based on race.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of the 2015–2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. We compared the perioperative outcomes between White, Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaskan Native patients with bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the independent association of race with perioperative complications.ResultsBlack patients experienced longer surgeries (aβ, 43; 95% CI, 33, 53), longer hospital stays (aβ, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.1]), and were less likely to be discharged home (aOR, 0.64; [95% CI, 0.54, 0.76]). Black patients also had higher major complications risk (aOR, 1.38; [95% CI, 1.13–1.67]) with the most common being reintubation/ventilation (Black, 4.4% vs. White 2.7%; p = 0.003) and sepsis/septic shock (Black, 3.4% vs. White 1.8%; p = < 0.001). Black patients had higher reoperation rates (aOR, 1.33; [95% CI, 1.12–1.56]) with incision and drainage of abscess and hematoma, exploration of postoperative hemorrhage, thrombosis or infection, or surgical debridement being the top reasons for reoperation. Concordantly, they were at higher risk of postoperative transfusion (Black, 18%; White, 7.2%; p = < 0.001) and wound dehiscence (Black, 4.1%; White, 2.1%; p = < 0.001).ConclusionThere is evidence of racial disparities in HNC surgery perioperatively. Black patients face an increased risk of major complications, reoperation, extended hospital stay, and non‐home discharge. Developing a comprehensive surgical database with more social determinants of health variables and using a socioecological framework of health can help us identify contributors to these disparities and design high‐leverage solutions.
A hitchhiker's guide to single‐cell epigenomics: Methods and applications for cancer research
Authors: Moreno‐Gonzalez Marta , Sierra Isabel , Kind Jop 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGenetic mutations are well known to influence tumorigenesis, tumor progression, treatment response and relapse, but the role of epigenetic variation in cancer progression is still largely unexplored. The lack of epigenetic understanding in cancer evolution is in part due to the limited availability of methods to examine such a heterogeneous disease. However, in the last decade the development of several single‐cell methods to profile diverse chromatin features (chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation, etc.) has propelled the study of cancer epigenomics. In this review, we detail the current landscape of single‐omic and multi‐omic single‐cell methods with a particular focus on the examination of histone modifications. Furthermore, we provide recommendations on both the application of these methods to cancer research and how to perform initial computational analyses. Together, this review serves as a referential framework for incorporating single‐cell methods as an important tool for tumor biology.
Bond Losses in Post‐Auction Resale Markets: Causes and Consequences
Authors: Barbosa Klenio , De Silva Dakshina G. , Yang Liyu , Yoshimoto Hisayuki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the primary‐dealers' returns in post‐auction resale markets for treasury bonds, assesses the prevalence of losses and gains and their consequences for the financial sector. Using a novel database that tracks more than 2350 primary‐to‐secondary transactions, we find that bond losses for primary‐dealers are pervasive and were severe during the financial crisis. Our results indicate that liquidity constraint is a major source of the bond losses. We also find that financial sector value is correlated with these losses. Using an alternating market experiment, we show that primary‐to‐secondary losses are higher under discriminatory auctions as compared to uniform auctions.
Is Fintech Good for Bank Performance? The Case of Mobile Money in the East African Community
Authors: Ky Serge Stéphane , Rugemintwari Clovis , Sauviat Alain 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMobile money, a technology‐driven innovation in financial services, has profoundly penetrated the financial landscape in Sub‐Saharan Africa, including banks. Yet, besides anecdotal evidence, little is known about whether mobile money adoption enhances or worsens bank performance. Combining hand‐collected data with balance sheet data from the Bureau Van Djik (BvD) Bankscope and Bankfocus databases for a panel of 141 banks over the period 2009–2018, we find a strong positive and significant relationship between the time elapsed since banks' involvement in mobile money and their performance considering bank profitability, efficiency, and stability. In further investigations, we explore possible channels by showing how bank size, deposit collection and diversification levels alter such an association. Our results are robust to using instrumental variables, controlling for bank and macro level confounding factors, bank fixed effects and considering alternative measures of bank performance and bank‐MNO partnerships. Overall, our findings highlight the bright side of cooperation between banks and mobile network operators in the provision of mobile money.
28‐Day Repeated Dose Toxicity and Toxicokinetics Study on Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in SD Rats
Authors: Jian Yang  , Yue Peng  , Qiao Hongqun  
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an effective antimalarial drug with potential antitumor efficacy, yet toxicological information is limited. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential toxicity of oral DHA. DHA was administered orally by gavage to SD rats at doses of 0, 25, 50, and 75/60 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days, followed by a 4‐week recovery period. Concomitant toxicokinetics was also evaluated. Due to potential toxicity affecting survival, only the female top dose was adjusted from 75 to 60 mg/kg on study day 14 (D14). Female rats in the low‐dose group and male rats in the low‐ and medium‐dose groups did not show any signs of toxicity. In contrast, male rats in the high‐dose group and female rats in the medium‐ and high‐dose groups showed significant toxic effects, including weight loss, hair loss, and gastrointestinal reactions (soft stools, perianal dirt, and fecal abnormalities). At the end of administration, female rats in the 75/60 (dose‐adjusted) mg/kg dose group had significantly higher reticulocytes (Ret% and RETIC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), increased liver weights, and significantly lower hemoglobin (HGB). In addition, histopathology showed mild vacuolation of hepatocytes. These findings suggest that female rats have a greater toxic response than males, and toxicokinetics further demonstrate this sex difference. However, the toxic effects of DHA were reversed at the end of the 4‐week recovery period. Therefore, the liver was identified as the primary target organ. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level (NOAEL) was 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w./day in female and male rats, respectively.
Ghost Peaks of Aromatic Metabolites Induced by Corona Discharge Artifacts in LC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Hongo Yayoi , Fukuyama Daisuke , Chen Lee Chuin , Sekimoto Kanako , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLC‐ESI‐MS/MS is a preferred method for detecting and identifying metabolites, including those that are unpredictable from the genome, especially in basal metazoans like Cnidaria, which diverged earlier than bilaterians and whose metabolism is poorly understood. However, the unexpected appearance of a “ghost peak” for dopamine, which exhibited the same m/z value and MS/MS product ion spectrum during an analysis of Nematostella vectensis, a model cnidarian, complicated its accurate identification. Understanding the mechanism by which “ghost peaks” appear is crucial to accurately identify the monoamine repertoire in early animals so as to avoid misassignments. Verification experiments showed that in‐source oxidation of tyramine, which produced an intense signal, was responsible for this “ghost peak.” This artifact commonly occurs among aromatic compounds with high signal intensities and appears at the same m/z as their respective in vivo oxidized metabolites. In metabolomics, spectra contain diverse signals from complex biological mixtures, making it difficult to recognize artifact peaks. To prevent misassignments, despite +16 Da differences, adequate chromatographic separation of metabolites from their respective in vivo oxidation precursors is necessary. Whereas both electrolysis and gas‐phase corona discharge can cause in‐source oxidation in ESI, corona discharge proved to be the dominant factor. Additionally, the presence of multiple oxygen atom sources was suggested by the voltage‐dependent mass shift of +16 Da to +18 Da of the “ghost peak” when using 18O‐labeled water as a solvent. Accurate metabolite identification using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS requires accounting for in‐source products that can mimic in vivo products.
Identifying Rare Alleles Affecting Seed Coat and Hilum Color in Soybean (Glycine max) Using Applied Genomics
Authors: Kaňovská Ivana , Biová Jana , Slivková Jana , Bilyeu Kristin , Škrabišová Mária 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBreeding programs are often constrained by the genetic diversity of the parental lines, even though these lines can be a rare source of unique alleles not found elsewhere. Therefore, identifying these rare alleles is crucial for keeping them in the breeding programs while introducing new genetic resources. The growing amount of whole genome sequenced data has made Genome‐wide Association Study (GWAS) dominant in investigations to find causal genes for all crops, including legumes. However, GWAS often fails to predict more than one causative mutation (CM) in multiple alleles of a single causal gene. Consequently, multiple alleles complicate breeding when not recognized by a single associated marker, which typically identifies only the most frequent CM and discriminates against the others. In this work, we focus on adopting recent applied genomics methods to identify multiple independent alleles and rare alleles in soybean as a model for other legumes. We predicted, identified, and confirmed a new and extremely rare CM for the loss of black pigmentation in the soybean seed coat and hilum color R gene, the Q25fs. The deletion of eight bases leads to a frameshift, a premature stop codon, and a truncated, nonfunctional protein. Our results also suggest a possibly new gene or an allele of the seed coat color inhibitor I gene. Using a soybean model, we demonstrate how applied genomics methods can accelerate pre‐breeding, and additionally, we discuss the potential for adopting these methods for application to other legumes.
QCL‐Based Cryogen‐Free THz Optical Wireless Communication Link
Authors: Sorgi Alessia , Meucci Marco , Umair Muhammad A. , Cappelli Francesco , Toci Guido , De Natale Paolo , Viti Leonardo , Ferrari Andrea C. , Vitiello Miriam S. , Consolino Luigi , Catani Jacopo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increased demand for high‐speed (terabit‐per‐second) wireless data transmission has driven the shift of the frequency carrier from ubiquitous radio frequency systems toward the 1–5 THz range, triggering a new interest for THz quantum cascade laser (QCL)‐based free‐space optical (FSO) links. As compared to standard telecom‐band FSO links, platforms based on THz frequency sources are inherently robust against Rayleigh scattering. Atmospheric absorption, mainly due to water vapor, limits the achievable link distance range, but at the same time, it shifts channel security on the physical layer. THz QCL‐based FSO links are reported with setups requiring cryogenic cooling, seriously limiting their development for mass applications. Here, a cryogen‐free, transportable THz FSO communication system is presented relying on a directly modulated 2.83 THz QCL transmitter, hosted in a closed‐cycle Stirling cryocooler, and exploiting a room‐temperature graphene‐based receiver, implementing a binary on‐off keying modulation scheme with Manchester encoding. Power‐versus‐distance measurements and communication tests are performed, and propose a propagation model to extrapolate the performances of the THz link in an optimized configuration. This approach reduces complexity and costs, as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art THz FSO links, and paves the way for the deployment of optical wireless communication systems exploiting the 1–5 THz frequency range.
3D deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) of the human liver at 7 T using low‐rank and subspace model‐based reconstruction
Authors: Nam Kyung Min , Gursan Ayhan , Lee Nam G. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Wijnen Jannie P. , Prompers Jeanine J. , Hendriks Arjan D. , Bhogal Alex A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo implement a low‐rank and subspace model‐based reconstruction for 3D deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and compare its performance against Fourier transform‐based (FFT) reconstruction in terms of spectral fitting reliability.MethodsBoth reconstruction methods were applied on simulated and experimental DMI data. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of increasing acceleration factors. The impact on spectral fitting results, SNR, and the overall normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) compared to ground‐truth data were calculated. A comparative analysis was performed on DMI data acquired from the human liver, including both natural abundance and post‐deuterated glucose intake data at 7 T.ResultsSimulation showed the Cramer‐Rao lower bound [%] of water, glucose, sum of glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and lipid signals for the low‐rank and subspace model‐based reconstruction at R = 1.0 was 12.4, 14.7, 17.3, and 11.0 times lower than FFT. At R = 1.1, NRMSE was 1.4%, 1.3%, 0.8%, and 4.2% lower for the water, glucose, Glx, and lipid, respectively, compared to FFT. However, the NRMSE of the Glx and lipid increased by 0.4% and 3.2% at R = 1.3. For the in vivo DMI experiment, SNR was 2.5–3.0 times higher compared to FFT. The fitted amplitude of water and glucose peaks showed Cramer‐Rao lower bound [%] values that were approximately 2.3 times lower than FFT.ConclusionSimulations and in vivo experiments on the human liver demonstrate that low‐rank and subspace model‐based reconstruction with undersampled data mitigates noise and enhances spectral fitting quality.
Electrospun Nanofibers of Polyvinyl Alcohol Loaded With Carvacrol Nano‐Emulsions Toward Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Controlled‐Release Applications
Authors: Yang Sijia , Liu Yuxin , Xu Hang , Wu Ke , Li Shujing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAntibacterial composite films are commonly used in food packaging. However, most of these packaging materials are prepared from petroleum‐based polymers and has generated grand challenges to the global environment due to the abuse of these non‐biodegradable packaging materials. In this study, carvacrol (Car) was used to form highly stable nano‐emulsions, followed by electrospinning with the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to prepare bio‐functional nanofiber membranes (PVA‐Car‐NEs‐NF). Meaningfully, the PVA‐Car‐NEs‐NF can still maintain filamentary structure similar to the undoped PVA‐NF membrane confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) further demonstrated the interfacial interaction between carvacrol and PVA molecules. As a consequence, the PVA‐Car‐NEs‐NF demonstrated a modest release rate of carvacrol invitro with controlled release behavior. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of PVA‐Car‐NEs‐NF towards scavenging the free radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) progressively increased as the increasing carvacrol concentration, and the maximal clearance rate reached 52.56% ± 2.50% at a carvacrol concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. Additionally, PVA‐Car‐NEs‐NF also exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans), while the inhibitory effect was positively dependent on the carvacrol content, thus greatly improving their utilization efficacy and provides the potential application of carvacrol for food, medicine, and cosmetic‐related fields.
Das Stadtklima: Herausforderung im Klimawandel: Leben auf der Wärmeinsel
Authors: Halbig Guido W. 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDamit Städte weiterhin lebenswert bleiben, müssen sie ihren Beitrag zur Reduktion der Treibhausgas‐Emissionen leisten. Zusätzlich sind Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Klimawandel erforderlich. Dazu zählen Verschattungen durch Bäume, Entsiegelung von Flächen und Schwammstadt‐Konzepte. Die Klimatologie unterstützt die Stadtplanung dabei mit wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zum aktuellen und zukünftigen Stadtklima. Sie entwickelt auch Stadtklima‐Modelle, die Stadtplanern kostenfrei zur Verfügung stehen. Solche Modelle berücksichtigen wesentliche Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mensch, Stadtkörper und der belebten städtischen Umwelt, inklusive Pflanzen‐ und Tierwelt.
Patient‐Reported Worst‐Case Scenarios in Advanced Cancer: Presence, Contents, and Predictors
Authors: Arch Joanna J. , Kirk Mackenzie H. , Finkelstein Lauren B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdvancements in precision oncology have led to a growing community of adults with advanced cancer who live longer but face prognostic uncertainty, with corresponding fears of the future. Their worst future fears related to cancer remain understudied, hindering support efforts.AimsThis study aimed to characterize the presence, content, and predictors of imagined future worst‐case scenarios related to cancer (WCS) among distressed adults with advanced cancer.MethodsTwo hundred fifteen distressed adults with advanced solid tumor cancer (mixed type) responded to survey questions regarding the presence (Yes/No) of a WCS related to cancer and if yes, to briefly describe it. Mixed methods were used to assess WCS prevalence, thematic content, and sociodemographic, psychological, and medical predictors.ResultsTwo thirds (66.5%) of advanced cancer survivors endorsed having a WCS. Content reflected four major themes of Death (52.2%), Suffering and Deterioration (47.1%), Cancer Progression and Future Uncertainty (28.7%), and Concern about Family (18.4%). WCS often contained more than one major theme, further distinguished by additional themes and sub‐themes that revealed distinct fears. Higher anxiety and lower life meaning/peace predicted the presence of a WCS whereas sociodemographic characteristics, depression, time since diagnosis, and physical symptom burden did not. Younger age and living with children predicted a WCS focused on loved ones.ConclusionsWCS are prevalent and diverse in content among distressed adults with advanced cancer. Assessing WCS offers a quick and straightforward way to solicit advanced cancer survivors' most intense fears about the future with cancer, thereby facilitating patient‐provider communication and support efforts.
Conjugated Phthalocyanine‐Based Mesoporous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Anodic Lithium Storage
Authors: Jiang Rong , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhi Qianjun , Liu Zhixin , Yang Xiya , Li Chunli , Xu Qianqian , Zhan Xiaoning , Wang Kang , Zhang Lijuan , Jiang Jianzhuang , Feng Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic anode materials have been recognized as promising candidates for low‐cost and sustainable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which however suffer from the inferior cycling stability and low conductivity with unsatisfactory LIBs performance. Herein, two conjugated phthalocyanine‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), namely CoPc‐Ph‐COF and CoPc‐3Ph‐COF, are synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexafluorophthalocyanine cobalt (II) (CoPcF16) with 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydroxybenzene and 9,10‐dimethyl‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxyanthracene, respectively. Powder X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis reveal the crystalline porous structure of both COFs with a pore size of 1.6‐2.4 nm, enabling facile ion transportation. Immersion experiments demonstrate the excellent stability of both COFs. I–V curve measurement discloses the superb conductivity of both COFs due to their fully π‐conjugated frameworks. These merits, in combination with their N‐rich skeleton, endow the two COFs with excellent anodic Li+ storage performance in terms of high specific capacities, superb rate performance, and good cycling stability. In particular, CoPc‐3Ph‐COF suggests a large reversible capacity of 1086 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, superior to most reported organic LIBs anodes, exhibiting its promising application in high‐performance LIBs.