bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primordial non-Gaussianity from the completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey – I: Catalogue preparation and systematic mitigation
Authors: Rezaie Mehdi , Ross Ashley J , Seo Hee-Jong , Mueller Eva-Maria , Percival Will J , Merz Grant , Katebi Reza , Bunescu Razvan C , Bautista Julian , Brownstein Joel R , Burtin Etienne , Dawson Kyle , Gil-Marín Héctor , Hou Jiamin , Lyke Eleanor B , de la Macorra Axel , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P , Zarrouk Pauline , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the large-scale clustering of the final spectroscopic sample of quasars from the recently completed extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). The sample contains 343 708 objects in the redshift range 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 2.2 and 72 667 objects with redshifts 2.2 &lt; z &lt; 3.5, covering an effective area of $4699\, {\rm deg}^{2}$. We develop a neural network-based approach to mitigate spurious fluctuations in the density field caused by spatial variations in the quality of the imaging data used to select targets for follow-up spectroscopy. Simulations are used with the same angular and radial distributions as the real data to estimate covariance matrices, perform error analyses, and assess residual systematic uncertainties. We measure the mean density contrast and cross-correlations of the eBOSS quasars against maps of potential sources of imaging systematics to address algorithm effectiveness, finding that the neural network-based approach outperforms standard linear regression. Stellar density is one of the most important sources of spurious fluctuations, and a new template constructed using data from the Gaia spacecraft provides the best match to the observed quasar clustering. The end-product from this work is a new value-added quasar catalogue with the improved weights to correct for non-linear imaging systematic effects, which will be made public. Our quasar catalogue is used to measure the local-type primordial non-Gaussianity in a companion paper.
Multiband variability of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 with XMM–Newton
Authors: Dhiman Vinit , Gupta Alok C , Gaur Haritma , Wiita Paul J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present variability analyses of twenty pointed XMM–Newton observations of the high energy peaked TeV blazar PG 1553+113 taken during 2010–2018. We found intraday variability in the total X-ray energy range (0.3–10 keV) in 16 out of 19 light curves or a duty cycle of ∼84 per cent. A discrete correlation function analysis of the intraday light curves in the soft and hard X-ray bands peaks on zero lag, showing that the emission in hard and soft bands are co-spatial and emitted from the same population of leptons. Red-noise dominates the power spectral density (PSD) of all the LCs, although the PSDs have a range of spectral slopes from −2.36 to −0.14. On longer time-scales, the optical and UV variability patterns look almost identical and well correlated, as are the soft and hard X-ray bands, but the optical/UV variations are not correlated to those in the X-ray band, indicating that the optical/UV and X-ray emissions are emitted by two different populations of leptons. We briefly discuss physical mechanisms that may be capable of explaining the observed flux and spectral variability of PG 1553+113 on these diverse time-scales.
Evandro Pinto da Luz de Oliveira, MD, PhD (November 8, 1945-February 11, 2021): A Giant of Microneurosurgery and Neuroanatomy
Authors: Wen Hung Tzu , Matsushima Toshio , Morcos Jacques J ,   Rhoton Society Abe Hiroshi MD Goel Atul MD Kobayashi Shigeaki MD Martins Carolina MD Matsushima Toshio MD Miranda Juan Carlos Fernandez MD Morcos Jacques MD Rubino Pablo MD Sorenson Jeffrey MD Tong Xiaoguang MD Ture Ugur MD Wen Hung Tzu MD, Abe Hiroshi , Goel Atul , Kobayashi Shigeaki , Martins Carolina , Matsushima Toshio , Miranda Juan Carlos Fernandez , Morcos Jacques , Rubino Pablo , Sorenson Jeffrey , Tong Xiaoguang , Ture Ugur , Wen Hung Tzu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dr Evandro de Oliveira, one of the most acclaimed and recognized names in neurosurgery, anywhere in the world, tragically left us on February 11, 2021, at the age of 75.
The Rhoton Society submits an account of Dr Evandro de Oliveira's life with highlights of his personal journey, and his special contributions to the fields of microneurosurgery and neuroanatomy.
Socially Responsible Investing in Good and Bad Times
Authors: Bansal Ravi , Wu Di (Andrew) , Yaron Amir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the time variability of abnormal returns from socially responsible investing (SRI). Using portfolio regressions and event studies on multiple data sources, including analyst ratings, firm announcements, and realized incidents, we find that highly rated SRI stocks outperform lowly rated SRI stocks during good economic times, for example, periods with high market valuations or aggregate consumption, but underperform during bad times, such as recessions. This variation in abnormal returns of high-SR stocks vis-à-vis low SR stocks is consistent with a wealth-dependent investor preference for SR stocks that leads to an increased (decreased) demand for SRI during good (bad) times.
A neurocomputational theory of nightmares: the role of formal properties of nightmare images
Authors: McNamara Patrick , Wildman Wesley J , Hodulik George , Rohr David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo test and extend Levin & Nielsen’s (2007) Affective Network Dysfunction (AND) model with nightmare disorder (ND) image characteristics, and then to implement the extension as a computational simulation, the Disturbed Dreaming Model (DDM).MethodsWe used AnyLogic V7.2 to computationally implement an extended AND model incorporating quantitative effects of image characteristics including valence, dominance, and arousal. We explored the DDM parameter space by varying parameters, running approximately one million runs, each for one month of model time, varying pathway bifurcation thresholds, image characteristics, and individual-difference variables to quantitively evaluate their combinatory effects on nightmare symptomology.ResultsThe DDM shows that the AND model extended with pathway bifurcations and image properties is computationally coherent. Varying levels of image properties, we found that when nightmare images exhibit lower dominance and arousal levels, the ND agent will choose to sleep but then has a traumatic nightmare, whereas, when images exhibit greater than average dominance and arousal levels, the nightmares trigger sleep-avoidant behavior, but lower overall nightmare distress at the price of exacerbating nightmare effects during waking hours.ConclusionsComputational simulation of nightmare symptomology within the AND framework suggests that nightmare image properties significantly influence nightmare symptomology. Computational models for sleep and dream studies are powerful tools for testing quantitative effects of variables affecting nightmare symptomology. The DDM confirms the value of extending the Levin & Nielsen AND model of disturbed dreaming/ND.
A rare case series of central nervous system cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Elvan-Tuz Aysegul , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Kara-Aksay Ahu , Sarioglu Fatma Ceren , Karadag Ali , Yilmaz-Ciftdogan Dilek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
A total of three cases of childhood central nervous system (CNS) echinococcosis with spinal or posterior fossa involvement having rare localizations, have been presented.

Case presentation
A 7-year-old boy with spinal involvement applied to our hospital with left leg weakness and inability to walk. A 16-year-old girl with posterior fossa involvement had peripheral facial paralysis, while a 9-year-old girl had headache and vomiting. These cases, diagnosed with cystic echinococcosis with the necessary laboratory and imaging methods, improved with appropriate medical treatment and surgery.

Discussion
Especially in endemic areas, it should be kept in mind that cystic echinococcosis may present with CNS involvement and should become to mind in the differential diagnosis when neurological findings are detected.
Lay Summary: With this report, we attempted to share our experience with cystic echinococcosis in the spinal region and posterior fossa in three children over 1 year, including a description of associated signs and symptoms as well as laboratory and radiological findings. It should be kept in mind that cystic echinococcosis may present with CNS involvement in endemic areas and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when neurological findings are detected. Afterward, the diagnosis should be confirmed with appropriate laboratory and imaging methods. In these cases, rapid recovery can be achieved with appropriate surgical intervention as well as medical treatment.
Emotional Closeness Among NICU Fathers
Authors: Lebel Valérie , Feeley Nancy , Gosselin Émilie , Axelin Anna 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The unique perspective of fathers with an infant in the neonatal unit on the development of emotional closeness toward their infant is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to explore experiences and instances of emotional closeness from the perspective of fathers as well as factors influencing emotional closeness during an infant's hospitalization in the neonatal unit.

Methods:
This qualitative descriptive study employed one-on-one interviews with fathers recruited in a level 3 neonatal unit. The interview data were analyzed with thematic analysis, and emerging themes and subthemes were organized according to dimensional analysis.

Results:
Eight fathers agreed to take part in this study. According to the participants, emotional closeness was a complex process composed of multiple dimensions. More specifically, emotional closeness was a difficult-to-describe, mixed, and growing feeling influenced by multiple factors such as the environment, co-parenting, and the father–infant relationship. It occurred in the contexts of presence and separation in the neonatal unit and was part of the development of the father–infant relationship.

Implications for Practice:
The results presented in this article are important for neonatal intensive care unit nurses who support fathers in the development of their fathering role. By knowing more about the process and dimensions of emotional closeness, nurses can direct their interventions with fathers to enhance emotional closeness and better understand their experience.

Implications for Research:
No previous study has addressed emotional closeness as a complex process with multiple components like the current study. These findings contribute to our understanding of the process of emotional closeness for fathers.
Parental Perspectives on Neonatologist Continuity of Care
Authors: Machut Kerri Z. , Gilbart Christie , Murthy Karna , Michelson Kelly N. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Continuity of care (COC) is highly regarded; however, data about benefits are mixed. Little is known about components, parental views, or the value COC may provide to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants and families.

Purpose:
To describe parents' perspectives on definitions, reasons they value, and suggested improvements regarding COC provided by neonatologists.

Methods:
We performed a qualitative study of in-person, semistructured interviews with parents of NICU infants hospitalized for 28 days or more. We analyzed interview transcripts using content analysis, identifying codes of parental experiences, expressed value, and improvement ideas related to neonatologist COC, and categorizing emerging themes.

Results:
Fifteen families (15 mothers and 2 fathers) described 4 themes about COC: (1) longitudinal neonatologists: gaining experience with infants and building relationships with parents over time; (2) background knowledge: knowing infants' clinical history and current condition; (3) care plans: establishing patient-centered goals and management plans; and (4) communication: demonstrating consistent communication and messaging. Parents described benefits of COC as decreasing knowledge gaps, advancing clinical progress, and decreasing parental stress. Suggested improvement strategies included optimizing staffing and sign-out/transition processes, utilizing clinical guidelines, and enhancing communication. Using parent input and existing literature, we developed a definition and conceptual framework of COC.

Implications for Practice:
NICUs should promote practices that enhance COC. Parental suggestions can help direct improvement efforts.

Implications for Research:
Our COC definition and conceptual framework can guide development of research and quality improvement projects. Future studies should investigate nursing perspectives on NICU COC and the impact of COC on infant and family outcomes.
Elucidating the Relationship Between Maternal Diabetes and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Jennings Arin , John Collin , Lilly Christa , Hamilton Candice , Umer Amna 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Previous research indicated that diabetes during pregnancy results in a more permeable placenta. Based on this data, we hypothesized that women with maternal diabetes were more likely to have infants who developed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to examine the association between maternal diabetes and NAS in a cohort of women reporting substance use during pregnancy.

Methods:
This study used data from a population-based cohort of all newborns born in 2017 and 2018 (N = 36,974) in the state of West Virginia and restricted the analysis to those infants with intrauterine substance exposure (14%, n = 5188). Multiple logistic regression was performed to analyze the adjusted relationship between maternal diabetes and NAS while controlling for maternal and infant covariates.

Results:
Just over 28% of women with diabetes had an infant who developed NAS, whereas 34.8% of women without diabetes had an infant who developed NAS. The adjusted odds ratio of infants developing NAS born to women with diabetes was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.51, 0.94) compared with those born to mothers without diabetes after controlling for covariates. Contrary to our hypothesis, the study suggests that maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of an infant developing NAS.

Implications for Practice:
Future research generating from this hypothesis may lead to potential implications for practice for infants born to mothers with substance use during pregnancy and diabetes.

Implications for Research:
More research should be conducted to investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and NAS.
Using a Plastic Drape to Reduce Hypothermia in Premature Neonates During Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement
Authors: Phan Huong (Kelle) T. , McIntyre Teresa M. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Premature neonates require assisted heating devices for thermoregulation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Traditional use of a cloth blanket and cloth towels during peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement may hinder heat transfer from the assisted heating mechanisms, increasing the risk for neonatal hypothermia.

Purpose:
This quality improvement project's goal was to reduce the hypothermia rate in very low birth-weight (VLBW) neonates by replacing cloth blanket/towels with a plastic drape during PICC placement.

Methods:
The FOCUS-PDSA method was used to implement the intervention (plastic drape) over 3 months, during 58 PICC procedures in a level 3 NICU. A pre-/posttest design was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on hypothermia rates compared with a baseline cloth group and a concurrent cloth cohort.

Results:
After the 3-month implementation period, the hypothermia rate for the intervention group was lower than that for the baseline cloth group (5.2% and 11.3%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Post-PICC hypothermia rates were significantly lower for the intervention group than for the concurrent cloth cohort (P = .004).

Implications for Practice:
Preliminary evidence demonstrated the plastic drape reduced the hypothermia rate in the NICU for VLBW neonates during PICC placement compared with cloth blanket/towels. A plastic drape shows promise in improving nursing practice by providing improved thermoregulation for premature neonates during PICC placement.

Implications for Research:
Further research is recommended to replicate findings with larger samples of PICC insertions, using a plastic drape in the operating room and other NICU procedures.
Music Therapy and Family-Integrated Care in the NICU
Authors: Corrigan Maxwell , Keeler Jason , Miller Harriet , Naylor Christine , Diaz Ann 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Family-integrated care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is the criterion standard. Parent–infant bonding may be an indicator of successful family involvement. Music therapy (MT) is a growing service in the NICU, with interventions to support meaningful family involvement and improve bonding.

Purpose:
To study the effects of heartbeat-music interventions to support mother–infant bonding in the NICU and explore experiences of mothers participating in MT.

Methods:
Parallel-group randomized trial (MT vs standard care) to compare Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) scores from baseline to 1 week postenrollment. MT included 2 heartbeat-music interventions (recorded maternal lullaby and heartbeat for infants, and recorded infant heartbeat and preferred music for mothers). Five mothers were randomly asked to complete a survey regarding their experiences with MT services.

Results:
One hundred mothers enrolled. In total, 44.3% completed the MIBS follow-up. Covarying out baseline MIBS, one-way analysis of covariance found no statistical difference between groups for MIBS 1-week follow-up (MT: mean = 0.64, SD = 1.6; standard care: mean = 0.57, SD = 1.5; P = .60) but underpowered in post hoc. Comforting, family cohesion, and personal growth and development themes emerged in qualitative analysis of survey responses.

Implications for Practice:
MT remains a viable service for purposefully including parents in the care of their NICU infants. Nurses and music therapists must work closely to successfully implement meaningful interventions such as heartbeat-music.

Implications for Research:
Heartbeat-music interventions should be further studied for diverse applications, including family integration, family coping, and bereavement.
Postoperative Outcomes in Diabetic Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Patients: A National Database Study
Authors: Farahani Farzam , Ahn Junho , Nakonezny Paul A. , Wukich Dane K. , Wimberly Robert L. , Riccio Anthony I. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Although the negative effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on operative outcomes in orthopaedic surgery is a well-studied topic in adults, little is known about the impact of this disease in children undergoing orthopaedic procedures. This study aims to describe the postoperative complications in pediatric orthopaedic surgery patients with DM.

Methods:
Pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were retrospectively identified while selecting for elective orthopaedic surgery cases from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (ACS-NSQIP-Pediatric) database from 2012 to 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe and assess outcomes when compared with nondiabetic patients undergoing similar procedures.

Results:
Of the 17,647 patients identified, 105 (0.60%) had DM. Of those 105 patients, 68 had IDDM and 37 had NIDDM. The median age of DM patients was 13.8 years (11.9 to 15.5 y) and 37.1% of all DM patients were male. Comparing DM to non-DM patients, no significant differences were noted in the overall complications (1.4% vs. 1.9%, P>0.05) or reoperation rates (1.2% vs. 1.9%, P>0.05); however, DM patients did have a higher occurrence of unplanned readmissions (4.8% vs. 1.7%; P=0.037). Diabetic patients were statistically more likely to have an unplanned readmission with 30 days (adjusted odds ratio=3.34; 95% confidence interval=1.21-9.24, P=0.021). when comparing IDDM to NIDDM, there was no significant difference in outcomes. Comparing NIDDM to non-DM patients, there was an increased incidence of nerve injury (5.6% vs. 0.18%; P=0.023), readmission rate (11.1% vs. 1.8%; P=0.043), and reoperation rate (11.1% vs. 1%; P=0.013) in nonspinal procedures and an increased incidence of pulmonary embolism (10% vs. 0%; P=0.002) in spinal arthrodesis procedures. NIDDM predicted longer hospital stays (adjusted odds ratio=1.49; 95% confidence interval=1.04, 2.14; P=0.028) compared with nondiabetic patients in extremity deformity procedures.

Conclusions:
The 30-day complication, reoperation, and readmission rates for NIDDM patients were higher than that of non-DM patients. Furthermore, NIDDM is a predictor of longer hospital stays while DM is a predictor of unplanned readmissions. No statistical differences were noted when comparing outcomes of NIDDM to IDDM patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Nonossifying Fibroma of the Distal Tibia: Predictors of Fracture and Management Algorithm
Authors: Baghdadi Soroush , Nguyen Jie C. , Arkader Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is a common benign lesion in children and adolescents. This study investigated the risk of pathologic fracture in NOF lesions of the distal tibial based on anatomic location, clinical symptomatology, and imaging features, in order to propose an algorithm for the management of such lesions.

Methods:
In an IRB-approved retrospective case-control study, all patients diagnosed with NOF between 2010 and 2017 were extracted from our database. Patients below 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis and with lesions involving the distal tibia were included. Demographic data, the reason for visit, and the mechanism of injury were recorded. Radiographs were reviewed to record the size (absolute and relative to bone width) and location of each lesion. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations were also reviewed when available. Two authors graded all lesions using the Ritschl classification and determined the presence of 2 novel signs: the syndesmosis sign and the Pac-Man sign.

Results:
A total of 84 patients were included in the final analysis, of which 25 were in the fracture group and 59 in the nonfracture group. None of the patients in the fracture group was previously diagnosed with NOF, but nine (36%) patients had symptoms for >6 months preceding the fracture. Ankle sprain was the most common reason for visit in the nonfracture group. The lateral location of the lesion in the distal tibia (P=0.001), size (P<0.001 for both absolute and relative values), Ritschl stage (P=0.003), syndesmosis sign (P=0.005), and the Pac-Man sign (P=0.002) were significant predictors of fracture. All measurements had almost-perfect to perfect inter-rater agreements.

Conclusions:
The most significant imaging risk factors for fracture are a larger size, Ritschl stage B, and the presence of cortical thinning on anteroposterior or lateral radiographs. We introduced 2 signs for these distal tibial NOFs, a scoring system, and a management algorithm that is based on radiographs alone but incorporates advanced imaging findings in equivocal cases.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III—case-control study.