bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning and Emulation of Mechanical Characteristics – Tunable Mounts and a Mechanical Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for More Efficient Research and Testing
Authors: Millitzer Jonathan , Hansmann Jan , Lapiccirella Giovanni , Tamm Christoph , Herold Sven 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNumerical simulations offer a wide range of benefits, therefore they are widely used in research and development. One of the biggest benefits is the possibility of automated parameter variation. This allow testing different scenarios in a very short period of time. Nevertheless, physical experiments in the laboratory or on a test rig are still necessary and will still be necessary in the future. The physical experiments offer benefits e.g. for very complex and/or nonlinear systems and are needed for the validation of numerical models.Fraunhofer LBF has developed hardware solutions to bring the benefit of rapid and automated parameter variation to experimental environments. These solutions allow the tuning and emulation of the mechanical properties, like stiffness, damping and eigenfrequencies of structures.The work presents two approaches: First a stiffness tunable mount, which has been used in laboratory tests in the field of semi-active load path redistribution. It allowed the researcher to test the semi-active system under different mechanical boundary conditions in a short period of time. Second, a mechanical Hardware-in-the-loop (mHIL) approach for the NVH development of vehicles components is presented. Here a mHIL-system is used to emulate the mechanical characteristics of a vehicle’s body in white in a wide frequency range. This allows the experimental NVH optimization of vehicle components under realistic boundary conditions, without actually needing a (prototype) body in white.
Surrogate Model-Based Uncertainty Quantification for a Helical Gear Pair
Authors: Diestmann Thomas , Broedling Nils , Götz Benedict , Melz Tobias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompetitive industrial transmission systems must perform most efficiently with reference to complex requirements and conflicting key performance indicators. This design challenge translates into a high-dimensional multi-objective optimization problem that requires complex algorithms and evaluation of computationally expensive simulations to predict physical system behavior and design robustness. Crucial for the design decision-making process is the characterization, ranking, and quantification of relevant sources of uncertainties. However, due to the strict time limits of product development loops, the overall computational burden of uncertainty quantification (UQ) may even drive state-of-the-art parallel computing resources to their limits. Efficient machine learning (ML) tools and techniques emphasizing high-fidelity simulation data-driven training will play a fundamental role in enabling UQ in the early-stage development phase.This investigation surveys UQ methods with a focus on noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics of transmission systems. Quasi-static 3D contact dynamic simulations are performed to evaluate the static transmission error (TE) of meshing gear pairs under different loading and boundary conditions. TE indicates NVH excitation and is typically used as an objective function in the early-stage design process. The limited system size allows large-scale design of experiments (DoE) and enables numerical studies of various UQ sampling and modeling techniques where the design parameters are treated as random variables associated with tolerances from manufacturing and assembly processes. The model accuracy of generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPC) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) is evaluated and compared. The results of the methods are discussed to conclude efficient and scalable solution procedures for robust design optimization.
Assessment of Model Uncertainty in the Prediction of the Vibroacoustic Behavior of a Rectangular Plate by Means of Bayesian Inference
Authors: Kleinfeller Nikolai , Gehb Christopher M. , Schaeffner Maximilian , Adams Christian , Melz Tobias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDesigning the vibroacoustic properties of thin-walled structures is of particularly high practical relevance in the design of vehicle structures. The vibroacoustic properties of thin-walled structures, e.g., vehicle bodies, are usually designed using finite element models. Additional development effort, e.g., experimental tests, arises if the quality of the model predictions are limited due to inherent model uncertainty. Model uncertainty of finite element models usually occurs in the modeling process due to simplifications of the geometry or boundary conditions. The latter highly affect the vibroacoustic properties of a thin-walled structure. The stiffness of the boundary condition is often assumed to be infinite or zero in the finite element model, which can lead to a discrepancy between the measured and the calculated vibroacoustic behavior. This paper compares two different boundary condition assumptions for the finite element (FE) model of a simply supported rectangular plate in their capability to predict the vibroacoustic behavior. The two different boundary conditions are of increasing complexity in assuming the stiffness. In a first step, a probabilistic model parameter calibration via Bayesian inference for the boundary conditions related parameters for the two FE models is performed. For this purpose, a test stand for simply supported rectangular plates is set up and the experimental data is obtained by measuring the vibrations of the test specimen by means of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. In a second step, the model uncertainty of the two finite element models is identified. For this purpose, the prediction error of the vibroacoustic behavior is calculated. The prediction error describes the discrepancy between the experimental and the numerical data. Based on the distribution of the prediction error, which is determined from the results of the probabilistic model calibration, the model uncertainty is assessed and the model, which most adequately predicts the vibroacoustic behavior, is identified.
Broad excitations in a 2+1D overoccupied gluon plasma
Authors: Boguslavski K. , Kurkela A. , Lappi T. , Peuron J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the initial stages of high-energy heavy-ion collisions, we study excitations of far-from-equilibrium 2+1 dimensional gauge theories using classical-statistical lattice simulations. We evolve field perturbations over a strongly overoccupied background undergoing self-similar evolution. While in 3+1D the excitations are described by hard-thermal loop theory, their structure in 2+1D is nontrivial and nonperturbative. These nonperturbative interactions lead to broad excitation peaks in spectral and statistical correlation functions. Their width is comparable to the frequency of soft excitations, demonstrating the absence of soft quasiparticles in these theories. Our results also suggest that excitations at higher momenta are sufficiently long-lived, such that an effective kinetic theory description for 2+1 dimensional Glasma-like systems may exist, but its collision kernel must be nonperturbatively determined.
Soft matters, or the recursions with massive spinors
Authors: Falkowski Adam , Machado Camila S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We discuss recursion relations for scattering amplitudes with massive particles of any spin. They are derived via a two-parameter shift of momenta, combining a BCFW-type spinor shift with the soft limit of a massless particle involved in the process. The technical innovation is that spinors corresponding to massive momenta are also shifted. Our recursions lead to a reformulation of the soft theorems. The well-known Weinberg’s soft factors are recovered and, in addition, the subleading factors appear reshaped such that they are directly applicable to massive amplitudes in the modern on-shell language. Moreover, we obtain new results in the context of non-minimal interactions of massive matter with photons and gravitons. These soft theorems are employed for practical calculations of Compton and higher-point scattering. As a by-product, we introduce a convenient representation of the Compton scattering amplitude for any mass and spin.
On General Position Sets in Cartesian Products
Authors: Klavžar Sandi , Patkós Balázs , Rus Gregor , Yero Ismael G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe general position number$$\mathrm{gp}(G)$$gp(G)of a connected graphGis the cardinality of a largest setSof vertices such that no three distinct vertices fromSlie on a common geodesic; such sets are refereed to as gp-sets ofG. The general position number of cylinders$$P_r\,\square \,C_s$$Pr□Csis deduced. It is proved that$$\mathrm{gp}(C_r\,\square \,C_s)\in \{6,7\}$$gp(Cr□Cs)∈{6,7}whenever$$r\ge s \ge 3$$r≥s≥3,$$s\ne 4$$s≠4, and$$r\ge 6$$r≥6. A probabilistic lower bound on the general position number of Cartesian graph powers is achieved. Along the way a formula for the number of gp-sets in$$P_r\,\square \,P_s$$Pr□Ps, where$$r,s\ge 2$$r,s≥2, is also determined.
Abdominal, perineal, and genital soft tissue reconstruction with pedicled anterolateral thigh perforator flaps
Authors: Steiner Stephan Alois , Schweizer Riccardo , Klein Holger , Waldner Matthias , Giovanoli Pietro , Plock Jan A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Pedicled perforator flaps have become a contemporary alternative to muscle flaps for soft tissue reconstruction as they have reduced donor site morbidity, avoid the need for microsurgical transfer, and are versatile and reliable. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap was first introduced as a free flap and has since gained popularity as a pedicled flap. Here we review our experience using pedicled ALT flaps for regional soft tissue reconstruction.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent loco-regional soft tissue reconstruction using pedicled ALT flaps between March 2014 and October 2018, with the goal of identifying potential applications of pedicled ALT flaps. The following aspects of each case were reviewed: patient demographics, defect location and size, comorbidities such as previous radiotherapy, flap details, clinical follow-up, and postoperative complications.

Results
Our analysis demonstrates the versatility of pedicled ALT flaps in a variety of indications to successfully cover large abdominal, perineal, and genital soft tissue defects. Depending on the patient’s needs to achieve more bulk or stability in the reconstruction, the ALT flap was individually tailored with underlying muscle or fascia. The average follow-up was 7 months (range: 3–13 months).

Conclusions
Pedicled ALT flaps are a valuable reconstructive option for soft tissue defects located within the pedicle’s range, from the lower abdomen to the perianal region. These flaps are usually raised from a non-irradiated donor site and are sufficient for covering extensive soft tissue defects. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the defect using pedicled ALT flaps allows for anatomical function and minor donor sites.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Biological and trophic consequences of genetic introgression between endemic and invasive Barbus fishes
Authors: De Santis Vanessa , Quadroni Silvia , Britton Robert J. , Carosi Antonella , Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Lorenzoni Massimo , Crosa Giuseppe , Zaccara Serena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenetic introgression with native species is recognized as a detrimental impact resulting from biological invasions involving taxonomically similar invaders. Whilst the underlying genetic mechanisms are increasingly understood, the ecological consequences of introgression are relatively less studied, despite their utility for increasing knowledge on how invasion impacts can manifest. Here, the ecological consequences of genetic introgression from an invasive congener were tested using the endemic barbel populations of central Italy, where the invader was the European barbelBarbus barbus. Four populations of nativeBarbusspecies (B. plebejusandB. tyberinus) were studied: two purebred and two completely introgressed with alienB. barbus.Across the four populations, differences in their biological traits (growth, body condition and population demographic structure) and trophic ecology (gut content analysis and stable isotope analysis) were tested. While all populations had similar body condition and were dominated by fish up to 2 years of age, the introgressed fish had substantially greater lengths at the same age, with maximum lengths 410–460 mm in hybrids versus 340–360 mm in native purebred barbel. The population characterized by the highest number of introgressedB. barbusalleles (81 %) had the largest trophic niche and a substantially lower trophic position than the other populations through its exploitation of a wider range of resources (e.g. small fishes and plants). These results attest that the genetic introgression of an invasive congener with native species can result in substantial ecological consequences, including the potential for cascading effects.
Be Well Communities™: mobilizing communities to promote wellness and stop cancer before it starts
Authors: Rechis Ruth , Oestman Katherine B. , Caballero Elizabeth , Brewster Anna , Walsh Michael T. , Basen-Engquist Karen , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Tektiridis Jennifer H. , Moreno Mark , Williams Pamela A. , Treiman Katherine , Garza Priscila D. , Hawk Ernest 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Increasingly, cancer centers are delivering population-based approaches to narrow the gap between known cancer prevention strategies and their effective implementation. Leveraging successful healthy community initiatives, MD Anderson developed Be Well Communities™, a model that implements evidence-based actions to directly impact people’s lives.

Methods
In partnership with local organizations, MD Anderson’s Be Well Communities team executed and evaluated 16 evidence-based interventions to address community priorities in healthy diets, physical activity, and sun safety. Evaluation included assessing the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions, stakeholders’ perceptions of collaboration, and the population-level impact on dietary and physical activity behaviors among students using the School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey and the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. Two-tailed t-tests were used to compare tested parameters at baseline and follow-up. p values less than .05 were considered significant.

Results
This model achieved its early outcomes, including effectively implementing evidence-based interventions, building strong partnerships, increasing access to healthy foods, improving the built environment, and increasing healthy food and water consumption and moderate to vigorous physical activity among students (p < .001).

Conclusions
Be Well Communities is an effective model for positively impacting community health which could be leveraged by others to deliver evidence-based actions to improve population health.
A theoretical and computational investigation of mixed mode creep crack growth along an interface
Authors: Elmukashfi Elsiddig , Cocks Alan C. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for studying mixed mode (I and II) creep crack growth under steady state creep conditions. In particular, we focus on the problem of creep crack growth along an interface, whose fracture properties are weaker than the bulk material, located either side of the interface. The theoretical framework of creep crack growth under mode I, previously proposed by the authors, is extended. The bulk behaviour is described by a power-law creep, and damage zone models that account for mode mixity are proposed to model the fracture process ahead of a crack tip. The damage model is described by a traction-separation rate law that is defined in terms of effective traction and separation rate which couple the different fracture modes. Different models are introduced, namely, a simple critical displacement model, empirical Kachanov type damage models and a micromechanical based model. Using the path independence of the $$C^{*}$$

C

∗

-integral and dimensional analysis, analytical models are developed for mixed mode steady-state crack growth in a double cantilever beam specimen (DCB) subjected to combined bending moments and tangential forces. A computational framework is then implemented using the Finite Element method. The analytical models are calibrated against detailed Finite Element models and a scaling function ($$C_{k}$$

C
k

) is determined in terms of a dimensionless quantity $$\phi _{0}$$

ϕ
0

(which is the ratio of geometric and material length scales), mode mixity $$\chi $$
χ
and the deformation and damage coupling parameters. We demonstrate that the form of the $$C_{k}$$

C
k

-function does not change with mode mixity; however, its value depends on the mode mixity, the deformation and damage coupling parameters and the detailed form of the damage zone. Finally, we demonstrate how parameters within the models can be obtained from creep deformation, creep rupture and crack growth experiments for mode I and II loading conditions.
The Religious Meaning System and Resilience in Spouse Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model of Hope and Affect
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Zarzycka Beata , Telka Ewa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe character of the relationship between religiosity and resilience depends to a large extent on mediation and moderation mechanisms which rely on cognitive and emotional processes. Research conducted within hope theory and the broaden and build theory indicates that hope and affect can mediate and moderate this relationship. The present study explored whether the relationship of the religious meaning system with resilience in spouse caregivers of cancer patients can be mediated by hope and simultaneously moderated by positive and negative affect. A total of 241 spouse caregivers completed a set of questionnaires. The results revealed that hope mediated the relationship between the religious meaning system and resilience. Furthermore, positive affect but not negative affect moderated the indirect effect of the religious meaning system to resilience through hope.
Re-integrating ecology into integrated landscape approaches
Authors: Reed James , Kusters Koen , Barlow Jos , Balinga Michael , Borah Joli Rumi , Carmenta Rachel , Chervier Colas , Djoudi Houria , Gumbo Davison , Laumonier Yves , Moombe Kaala B. , Yuliani Elizabeth L. , Sunderland Terry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextIntegrated landscape approaches (ILAs) that aim to balance conservation and development targets are increasingly promoted through science, policy, and the donor community. Advocates suggest that ILAs are viable implementing pathways for addressing global challenges such as biodiversity loss, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, we argue that recent advances in ILA research and discourse have tended to emphasize the social and governance dimensions, while overlooking ecological factors and inadequately considering potential trade-offs between the two fields.ObjectivesBy raising the issue of inadequate integration of ecology in ILAs and providing some general design suggestions, we aim to support and incentivise better design and practice of ILAs, supplementing existing design principles.MethodsIn this perspective we draw on the recent literature and our collective experience to highlight the need, and the means, to re-integrate ecology into landscape approaches.ResultsWe suggest that better incorporation of the ecological dimension requires the integration of two approaches: one focusing on conventional scientific studies of biodiversity and biophysical parameters; and the other focusing on the engagement of relevant stakeholders using various participatory methods. We provide some general guidelines for how these approaches can be incorporated within ILA design and implementation.ConclusionRe-integrating ecology into ILAs will not only improve ecological understanding (and related objectives, plans and monitoring), but will also generate insights into local and traditional knowledge, encourage transdisciplinary enquiry and reveal important conservation-development trade-offs and synergies.
Long-term safety of gamma knife radiosurgery (SRS) for acromegaly
Authors: Sims‐Williams Hugh P. , Rajapaksa Kaveesha , Yianni John , Walton Lee , Sinha Saurabh , Radatz Matthias , Herbert Esther , Bradburn Mike , Newell‐Price John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Acromegaly has high morbidity and mortality when growth hormone secretion remains uncontrolled. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may be used when pituitary surgery is not suitable or unsuccessful, but there are few very long-term safety data available, especially for significant adverse events such as stroke.

Methods
118 patients with acromegaly were treated with SRS between 1985 and 2015, at the National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Sheffield, UK. Data were gathered from case notes, hospital databases, and patient questionnaires. Stroke incidence in comparison to the normal population was quantified using the standardised incidence ratio (SIR), and visual complications assessed.

Results
88% (104/118) had complete morbidity follow up data for analysis. The mean follow-up was 134 months, and median SRS dose was 30 Gy. 81% of tumours had cavernous sinus invasion. There was no excess stroke rate relative to that seen in two age- and sex-matched large population studies (SIR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.27–3.96; SIR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.06–1.89). In 68/104 patients who had MRI-guided SRS with no further radiation treatment (SRS or fractionated radiotherapy) there was no loss of visual acuity and 3% developed ophthalmoplegia. There was a positive correlation between > 1 radiation treatment and both ophthalmoplegia and worsening visual acuity.

Conclusion
Stroke rate is not increased by SRS for acromegaly. Accurate MRI-based treatment planning and single SRS treatment allow the lowest complication rates. More than one radiation treatment (SRS or fractionated radiotherapy) was associated with increased visual complications.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Assignment Strategies for Estimating Likely Undocumented Status in Secondary Data Sources for Latino and Asian Immigrants
Authors: Ro Annie , Van Hook Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearchers are increasingly interested in the role of undocumented status in immigrant economic, social, and health outcomes. A major obstacle to this work is that detailed immigration status is not widely collected in representative data sources. Some secondary data sources collect enough information to identify immigrants without a green card (non-LPRs), and researchers take different approaches to assign undocumented status to immigrants within this population. These approaches have not been compared to one another, nor do we know if they work equally well for Latino and Asian immigrants. In this research note, we test the validity of several assignment strategies using the 2001, 2004, and 2008 panels of the restricted version of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to measure differences in health-related outcomes (e.g., health insurance coverage and self-rated health) by immigration status. We compare results when immigration status is directly measured using the detailed information in the SIPP to several strategies to assign undocumented status among non-LPRs. The probabilistic approach produced the smallest biases, but Asian immigrants had larger biases compared to Latinos across all strategies.