bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transition of labour in the presence of adaptation cost and labour market segmentation
Authors: Mahanta Amarjyoti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the process of transition of labourers from the traditional to the modern sector. The firms in the modern sector can initially differentiate between migrant workers and native workers. However, as the number of workers from the traditional sector increases, the firm cannot segment the labour market. The migrants bear an adaptation cost. The process of transition of labour (migration) is studied through the replicator map. We study the nature of migration in the long run. When adaptation cost monotonically decreases in the share of labourers from the traditional sector engaged in the modern sector, we get an unstable interior equilibrium and two stable equilibria at the boundary. We show convergence to the stable fixed points. When the adaptation cost is non‐monotonic, we get four equilibrium points of which two are stable and two unstable. We get a stable interior equilibrium point implying that only a fraction of labourers is going to shift to the modern sector in the long run. We also show convergence to the stable fixed points under certain conditions on the derivative of the difference equation.
ANU productions and the performance of otherness
Authors: Singleton Brian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTaking my lead from Ric Knowles’s analysis of interculturalism 'from below’ (Knowles, 2017, 2), the focus of this essay is on the representation of ‘otherness’ in three productions of Ireland’s multi‐award‐winning company ANU Productions: their 2014 play Vardo about ‘travellers’ in an inner‐city community; their 2016 play Sunder, in which contemporary Chinese characters were placed in a centenary production about Ireland’s failed revolution; and in their 2019 production, Faultline, where a previously unknown Black British singer emerges from the Irish Queer Archive. ANU Productions’ intercultural strategy contests monocultural constructions of Ireland, by throwing spectators, without exposition, into often historical scenes featuring characters from other worlds, nations, races and ethnicities. These characters, by their very visual and aural presence in performances ostensibly of monocultural historical experiences, refract and at times challenge essentialist tendencies to write histories of nation. ANU’s focus has always been on ‘others’, the bystanders to history, on those absent from historical constructions. But in their folding of the present into the performed past, a folding the company calls ‘NOW THEN NOW’, new ‘others’ emerge as bystanders, inviting us to stand by them as well.
Postoperative pharmacotherapy for patients with biliary atresia in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Saki , Hashizume Naoki , Yagi Minoru , Sasaki Hideyuki , Nio Masaki ,   The Japanese Biliary Atresia Society
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMembers of the Japanese Biliary Atresia Society were surveyed using questionnaires that assess their current practice regarding postoperative pharmacotherapy for outpatients with biliary atresia (BA).MethodsIn September 2018, questionnaires were sent to 100 member institutions of the Japanese Biliary Atresia Society. Questionnaires included the number of BA outpatients per institution and pharmacotherapy for outpatients with native liver. Pharmacotherapies were categorized into antibiotics, cholagogues, hepatoprotective agents, branched‐chain amino acid supplement, Japanese Kampo medicine, probiotics, laxative, glycerin enema, and “others.” In each category, the questionnaires asked about the medicine's details and the time of withdrawal of administration.ResultsResponses were collected from 58 of the 100 institutions. Fifty‐four institutions (94.7%) had prescribed one or more medicines as postoperative pharmacotherapy, and three institutions (5.3%) did not prescribe any medicines. Fifty‐three institutions (93.0%) had prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and 32 (60.4%) of these continued prescribing UDCA as long as the condition of patients remained unchanged. Twenty‐nine (50.9%) had prescribed Japanese Kampo medicines (“Inchinkoto” in all cases). Twenty‐four (42.1%) had prescribed antibiotics, mainly trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, in 21 (87.5%). Twenty‐three (40.4%) had prescribed probiotics.ConclusionsThere were many variations of pharmacotherapy in BA outpatients with native liver in Japan, including antibiotic, probiotic, and Inchinkoto prescriptions. Of the various drugs, the most commonly administered was UDCA.
TB in paediatric kidney transplant recipients – A single‐centre experience
Authors: Makanda‐Charambira Privilage D. , Nourse Peter , Luyckx Valerie A. , Coetzee Ashton , McCulloch Mignon I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTB remains a major challenge in transplantation, particularly in endemic countries. This study aimed to describe the incidence, clinical presentation and outcomes of TB in paediatric kidney transplant recipients and to assess the impact of INH prophylaxis.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective descriptive analysis of children who received kidney transplants from 1995 to 2019 was carried out. The cohort was stratified according to receipt of INH prophylaxis which began in 2005.ResultsA total of 212 children received a kidney transplant during the study period. Median age at transplantation was 11.2 years (IQR: 2.2–17.9), and 56% were males. TB was diagnosed in 20 (9%) children, with almost two‐thirds (n = 12) occurring within the first year. Most infections were pulmonary. The main presenting symptoms included fever (n = 13/20), weight loss (n = 12/20) and cough (n = 10/20). TST was positive in four of 20 children. Coinfection with EBV, CMV or Staph was found in five children. Due to drug interactions, an up to threefold increase in calcineurin inhibitor dose was required to maintain therapeutic blood levels. INH prophylaxis was protective against development of TB (p = .04). Gender, age and type of allograft were not significant risk factors. Graft and patient survival was 100% upon completion of TB treatment.ConclusionKidney transplant recipients in endemic countries have a high risk of developing TB. Diagnosis remains a challenge. Frequent and meticulous monitoring of immunosuppression drug levels during treatment of TB is required to avoid loss of patient or graft. INH prophylaxis protects against development of TB in this population.
What drives life insurance purchasing decisions in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Authors: Kozarevic Safet , Hodzic Sanida 
Published: September 2021

SummaryLife insurance has become increasingly relevant in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) over the last 10 years. The market is still underdeveloped with low life insurance density (EUR 23.2 per capita in 2019), however, it shows great potential with growth rates averaging 8.7%. The examination of the drivers of life insurance demand should instruct life insurers and policymakers to implement strategies to accelerate the life insurance development in BiH. Life insurance purchasing decisions are influenced by series of determinants, reflecting the customers' experiences and preferences. The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of customer life insurance purchasing decisions. We consider the following factors: Income, insurance policy price, propensity to save, insurance policy yield, product‐offer, corporate image, and brand. The research covers the existing and potential customers in BiH. Two hundred respondents participated in a survey who were selected according to different sociodemographic characteristics. The main findings show the relevance of particular determinants and their differences that can be helpful for insurance companies in creating their strategy for market growth.
Count‐ versus MAD‐based accelerometry‐assessed movement behaviors and associations with child adiposity and fitness
Authors: Verswijveren Simone J. J. M. , Douglas Benjamin , Rantalainen Timo , Belavy Daniel L. , Salmon Jo , Timperio Anna , Lubans David R. , Ridgers Nicola D. 
Published: September 2021

Estimations of time spent sedentary and in various physical activity intensities may vary according to data reduction methods applied. This study compared associations between children's accelerometer data and adiposity and fitness markers using open source (mean amplitude deviation, MAD) and proprietary (counts) data reduction methods. Complete‐case accelerometer, adiposity (Body Mass Index z‐score, waist circumference), and fitness (cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal) data from 118 children (10.4 ± 0.6 years, 49% girls) were analyzed. Estimates of sedentary behavior, light‐, moderate‐, vigorous‐ (VPA), and moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity (MVPA) physical activity were calculated using count‐ and MAD‐based data reduction methods. Linear regression models between time in movement behaviours and fitness and adiposity markers were conducted. Significant differences in estimates of time spent in all intensities were observed between MAD‐based and count‐based methods. Both methods produced evidence to suggest that sedentary behavior was detrimentally, and physical activity (any intensity) was beneficially, associated with waist circumference. MVPA and VPA were beneficially associated with fitness markers using both data reduction measures. Overall, findings suggest that estimates of sedentary time and physical activity were not comparable. However, the strength and direction of the associations obtained between the different data reduction methods and adiposity and fitness outcomes were fairly comparable, with both methods finding stronger associations for VPA compared to MVPA. This suggests that future studies may be able to pool data using different data reduction approaches when examining associations between activity and health risk factors, albeit with caution.
Exploring the impact of COVID‐19 on mobile dating: Critical avenues for research
Authors: Gibson Alexandra Farren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this digitally mediated world, initiating sexual or romantic intimacy now frequently occurs on mobile dating apps, which both requires people to navigate new technologies, but also enables them to explore different possibilities for intimacy. The opportunities that mobile dating holds for creating intimacy, and how people take these up, is particularly relevant in light of the global pandemic of COVID‐19, when human connection and contact are entangled with varying worries about viral contamination, risk and future uncertainty. But how does the pandemic impact on mobile dating? How are affect and risk intertwined—or even negotiated—by people in their search for intimacy in this pandemic? What possibilities do mobile dating apps hold for people in their search for connection with others? In this commentary, I provide a brief overview of how risk has been examined previously in mobile dating research and explore what future directions could be taken in this field. I argue for research that acknowledges and prioritises: the plurality of people's sociomaterial conditions; the interrelationship between people, digital technologies and COVID‐19; and the discursive context that furnishes people's sense of risk and emotional possibility across different sociocultural contexts. These new directions in the field offer opportunities to conduct critical research that is responsive to this dynamic context, and that illuminates the various ways that people are navigating intimacy, risk and emotion across different living conditions during this pandemic.
Study on Transfer Matrix Method for the Planar Multibody System With Closed-Loops
Authors: Zhang L. N. , Rui X. T. , Zhang J. S. , Gu J. J. , Zheng H. Q. , Li T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The conventional transfer matrix method for multibody systems (MSTMM) with closed-loops (CLs) has superiority of avoiding the global dynamics equations. However, it requires a transfer equation to link multiple-input single-output (MISO) rigid body with multihinge subset and supplement equations caused CLs. In order to simplify the deduction processing and improve the numerical stability, the Riccati transformation is introduced and the Riccati transfer matrix method for multibody systems (RMSTMM) with CLs is proposed. In a system with CLs, each CL is cut off at the connection point, and the new unknowns generated at the cutoff point are introduced into the Riccati recurrence relation. The numerical results of the conventional MSTMM and the RMSTMM are compared, and the reliability of the RMSTMM is verified. Meanwhile, the constrained Jacobian matrix is used to eliminate the constraint violation of the system. The variations of the constraint violation error are compared to validate necessarily of constraints.
Robust Co-Design: Coupling Morphology and Feedback Design Through Stochastic Programming
Authors: Bravo-Palacios Gabriel , Grandesso Gianluigi , Prete Andrea Del , Wensing Patrick M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a new framework for the computational design of robots that are robust to disturbances. The framework combines trajectory optimization (TO) and feedback control design to produce robots with improved performance under perturbations by co-optimizing a nominal trajectory alongside a feedback policy and the system morphology. Stochastic programming (SP) methods are used to address these perturbations via uncertainty models in the problem specification, resulting in motions that are easier to stabilize via feedback. Two robotic systems serve to demonstrate the potential of the method: a planar manipulator and a jumping monopod robot. The co-optimized robots achieve higher performance compared to state-of-the-art solutions where the feedback controller is designed separately from the physical system. Specifically, the co-designed controllers show higher tracking accuracy and improved energy efficiency (e.g., 91% decrease in tracking error and ≈5% decrease in energy consumption for a manipulator) compared to linear quadratic regulator applied to a design optimized for nominal conditions.
On the Design of an ORC Axial Turbine Based Expander Working As a Mechanical Driver in Gas Compressor Stations
Authors: Branchini Lisa , Celis Cesar , Ruiz Sebastian , Aguilar Rene , De Pascale Andrea , Melino Francesco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of increasing the capacity of a natural gas compressor station by means of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is studied. In the proposed configuration, the ORC recovers natural gas compressor drivers’ wasted heat and converts it into mechanical energy. Thus, as innovative approach, the ORC generated mechanical power will be used to drag an additional gas compressor. A case study representative of a medium-size on-shore facility is taken as reference. The mechanical drivers’ arrangement is composed of four recuperated GTs of PGT5 R type (three units continuously operating and one used as back-up) and two smaller engines of Solar Saturn 20 type. Assuming the actual operation of the station, the addition of an ORC, as bottomer cycle, is designed to recover the exhaust heat from the three PGT5 R running units. According to the Authors’ preliminary investigations and state of the art MW-size parameters, a regenerative sub-critical ORC cycle is selected. Therminol 66 and Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) are chosen as intermediate and working fluids, respectively. The design ORC key cycle parameters are identified: about 2700 hp (2 MW) of capacity could be added to drive a compressor. For a comprehensive investigation, ORC off-design operating range is explored too assuming one out of three topper cycle units out of service. Since a direct coupling of the ORC driver and the gas compressor is expected, thus excluding the use of gearboxes to avoid losses, an ORC axial turbine based expander is designed that accommodates variable speed operation. The referred design includes mean-line calculations and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical simulations at design and off design point conditions.
Development of Loss Correlation and Tool Validation at Transonic Condition Based on Cascade Test
Authors: Choi Jaewoo , Simurda David , Song Jaewook , Luxa Martin , Lee Sungryong , Hala Jindrich , Lepicovsky Jan , Radnic Tomas , Seo Junhyuk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Overall efficiency of an axial compressor is largely affected by its front stage when it is operating under transonic flow conditions. For this reason, many manufacturers and researchers are advancing research and development of transonic airfoils in these days. Doosan, in frame of a development of high efficiency gas turbine, developed high efficiency airfoil for a transonic rotor and conducted cascade tests. Therefore, this study deals with a test of two compressor transonic blade cascades at inlet Mach number over 1.1. To improve the efficiency and operating range, two kinds of thickness distribution type based on Enhanced Doosan Airfoil (EDA), which applied unique rule, were applied and assessed. The first airfoil consists of polynomial thickness distribution and the second airfoil consists of new thickness distribution with specially tailored leading edge. In order to ensure accurate geometry of a model, a detailed checkout process upon production of model blades used in the test was performed. This is because, in the case of transonic airfoil, if the inlet leading edge shape differs by more than 0.2% than designed airfoil of leading edge, the result will be completely different. Therefore, not only the tolerance within 0.1% was confirmed but also the shape produced through simulation and 3D CMM scan data. The main parameters for the comparison are an inlet Mach number, an axial velocity density ratio (AVDR) and the kind of thickness distribution. Results of tests and CFD blade to blade analysis using MISES 2.70 are compared. The flow field was visualized using schlieren technique and parameters of the suction side boundary layer were evaluated at several locations based on Pitot probe traverses. The results confirm that a suction peak at the round leading edge disappears in the case of the new thickness type distribution with tailored leading edge. This confirms that the profile shaping without jump in curvature in the leading edge region leads to smooth acceleration without peaks. Nevertheless, results show that the new thickness distribution type is not absolutely good in comparison with the polynomial thickness distribution type with respect to the total pressure loss coefficient. Moreover, bucket range (operating range) is also almost the same. Results of the suction side boundary layer traversing suggest that the transition of the boundary layer takes place beyond the location x/cax &gt; 0.088. The MISES results show that a shock location and the boundary layer parameters are similar to test results. However, values of the loss coefficient show some difference. Therefore, a new correlation in particular transonic flow condition was developed.
An Update on the Status of a Reduced Flow Test of a 10mw 700°C sCO2 Integrally Geared Compander
Authors: Katcher Kelsi M. , Wilkes Jason , Allison Tim C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to maintain viability as a future power-generating technology, concentrating solar power (CSP) must reduce its levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). One component of solving this problem is reducing the cost of the power block while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle. One disruptive technology that has the promise to accomplish this is supercritical CO2 based power cycles. These cycles are conceptually similar to steam cycles; however, they have substantially smaller turbomachinery at equivalent power while also delivering more efficiency at turbine inlet temperatures of 500–700°C. This paper will summarize the current status of a US Department of Energy project to develop machinery to support a 10 MW sCO2 power cycle. The team of Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) and Hanwha Power Systems America, proposed to develop an integrally-geared (IG) compressor-expander (compander) for use in a nominal 10 MW-scale CSP supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) plant application. This integrally-geared compander (IGC) comprises multiple pinion shafts interconnected on a single bull gear to create a compact package, and utilizes a low-cost, low-speed driver. In addition, the integrally-geared architecture allows each pinion to operate at different rotational speeds to optimize performance and easily allow for inter-stage cooling and turbine re-heat to further enhance both stage and cycle efficiency. The close integration of all turbomachinery elements into a single integrally-geared (IG) machine creates a design that lends itself to power block modularization, which makes it suitable for waste heat recovery, fossil fuel power plants, and especially CSP applications. As part of the commercialization of this technology, it is necessary to reduce risk by validation testing of key components. In the current work, the focus is developing a test loop to enable safe testing of the main compressor stage across a wide range of operating conditions, and to validate the mechanical integrity of the turbine at full pressure, temperature, and speed. Developing a test loop for sCO2 requires balancing a number of design alternatives that impact cost, lead time, safety, and performance. The current work discusses the design process for the reduced flow test loop for the compander.
Matrix Crack Networks in SiC/SiC Composites: In-Situ Characterisation and Metrics
Authors: Jordan S. P. , Jeffs S. P. , Newton C. D. , Gale L. , Nicholson P. I. , Bache M. R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites can offer clear potential for a variety of engineering applications where the temperature capabilities of conventional metals are exceeded. Continued mechanical characterisation is essential to gain an understanding of their associated damage and failure mechanisms across a wide range of representative temperatures. The present paper will report ongoing research to characterize the initiation of matrix cracking at room temperature under tensile stress and subsequent damage development under fatigue loading in a SiCf/SiC composite. Imaging and mechanical property data were obtained via in-situ loading within a scanning electron microscope. The temporal nature of damage development was also recorded through the selective employment of acoustic emission. Metrics to describe the spatial distribution of cracks, crack lengths and crack opening displacement under load will be presented. The inspections also provided detailed evidence of the associated crack closure phenomena. The understanding of matrix crack saturation and matrix/fibre interfacial mechanics will be explored, together with the implications for the use of X-ray tomographic inspection of engineering components during service. The potential for these emergent techniques as a basis for future CMC characterization, via automated image recognition and machine learning, will be highlighted.