bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scapegoats and Guinea Pigs: Free Movement as a Pathway to Confined Labour Market Citizenship for European Union Accession Migrants in the UK
Authors: Currie Samantha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Migrants in the UK from the Central and Eastern European states that acceded to the European Union in 2004 and 2007 often have close proximity to precarity. This contribution illustrates that the positioning of the migrants in the casualised labour market has not occurred by accident but has been brought about by the (disingenuous) way in which nationals of the accession states were permitted access to the UK labour market. The positioning has been further maintained through the increasingly restrictive direction of the intertwined EU-UK response to claims for support from vulnerable EU migrant citizens. This piece presents the idea of ‘confined labour market citizenship’ as a way to understand the way many migrants have experienced working and living in the UK in the years following EU enlargement. This concept, it is argued, is able to capture: the role of the UK state as it regulated post-accession migration rules and implemented laws relating to social security entitlement; the influence of the broader EU framework on free movement and citizenship of the Union; and the impact of employers ‘on the ground’ in creating and exacerbating conditions of precarity and exploitation. The analysis throughout the paper exposes how EU8 and EU2 migrants have served as scapegoats for the result of the Brexit referendum, deflecting attention from the instrumentalisation of the migration issue by politicians. They have also been guinea pigs, testing out a confined version of EU citizenship with less tolerance for those in precarious and insecure work.
Artistic Practices as a Site of Human Rights: How Performative Ethnography Can Facilitate a Deeper Contextual Understanding
Authors: Destrooper Tine , Verclyte Sofie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere has been, in the past two decades, more scholarly attention for how rights-holders understand human rights norms, and how these understandings interact with pre-existing notions of (social) justice. This attention for rights-holders’ lived experiences can be linked to the growing influence of socio-legal and legal anthropological perspectives, as well as to that of emancipatory research methods, such as participatory action research. What these perspectives and methods have in common is their interest in how people experience and express their rights in practice, and how they give meaning to them. Remarkably little attention, however, has been paid to the question of how we try to understand this process of meaning-making. The dominant modes of engagement tend to (a) emphasize the spoken or written word, and (b) presume—the possibility of—an accessible verbal narrative. The shortcomings of engaging exclusively on the basis of verbal language becomes clear when considering the lived experience of certain particularly vulnerable groups, such as displaced people who are coping with ongoing violence and trauma or who have been forced into silence for years. Not everyone can speak freely about their lived experience or can tell a coherent story about it, and adopting an—exclusively—word-driven engagement strategy may reproduce existing power relations. Based on preliminary fieldwork with refugees from Syria in the Shatila refugee camp, we argue that a performative ethnography rooted in collaborative making and artistic practice is a promising way to engage with and understand how people make sense of their lived experience, as it allows research participants to express themselves using those (skilled and artistic) practices most familiar to them. We reflect on how a practice-driven mode of engagement may shed a different light on how people make sense of questions related to justice and their rights.
Creation and Operation of a COVID-19 Pooled Testing Collection Site Prior to a CTC Rotation
Authors: Smith Savannah , Heffner Jessica , King Rachael , Guzman Haley 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This brief report describes the process, used by the 1st Infantry Division (1ID) and Irwin Army Community Hospital (IACH) at Fort Riley, Kansas, for conducting pooled testing collection of over 2,500 Soldiers prior to a large-scale exercise involving multiple units.

Materials and Methods
The authors captured after action review comments on the process and results of their pooled specimen collection site. Pooled specimen test results were reviewed and classified according to Aberdeen Proving Ground criteria to determine the percentage of successful and failed pooled specimens.

Results
1ID and IACH performed pooled testing collection and shipment of 2,684 specimens divided into 298 pools over 6 flight manifests. Of the 298 pooled specimens, 4 (1.34%) were found to be inconclusive or invalid, and the other 294 (98.7%) had sufficient number of human cells to be certified as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) positive or COVID-19 not detected.

Conclusion
Pooled testing collection is a complex process that may continue to be a requirement for mass screening of COVID-19 prior to military operations. While planning should be tailored to the specific mission and unit, key factors that the authors feel are required for pooled testing to be successful in any situation are standardized training and personnel continuity, quality assurance, administrative oversight by the unit, and collaboration and communication between all involved entities.
Ultralarge-scale approximations and galaxy clustering: Debiasing constraints on cosmological parameters
Authors: Martinelli Matteo , Dalal Roohi , Majidi Fereshteh , Akrami Yashar , Camera Stefano , Sellentin Elena 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Upcoming galaxy surveys will allow us to probe the growth of the cosmic large-scale structure with improved sensitivity compared to current missions, and will also map larger areas of the sky. This means that in addition to the increased precision in observations, future surveys will also access the ultralarge-scale regime, where commonly neglected effects such as lensing, redshift-space distortions, and relativistic corrections become important for calculating correlation functions of galaxy positions. At the same time, several approximations usually made in these calculations such as the Limber approximation break down at those scales. The need to abandon these approximations and simplifying assumptions at large scales creates severe issues for parameter estimation methods. On the one hand, exact calculations of theoretical angular power spectra become computationally expensive, and the need to perform them thousands of times to reconstruct posterior probability distributions for cosmological parameters makes the approach unfeasible. On the other hand, neglecting relativistic effects and relying on approximations may significantly bias the estimates of cosmological parameters. In this work, we quantify this bias and investigate how an incomplete modelling of various effects on ultralarge scales could lead to false detections of new physics beyond the standard ΛCDM model. Furthermore, we propose a simple debiasing method that allows us to recover true cosmologies without running the full parameter estimation pipeline with exact theoretical calculations. This method can therefore provide a fast way of obtaining accurate values of cosmological parameters and estimates of exact posterior probability distributions from ultralarge-scale observations.
Planet–planet scattering in presence of a companion star
Authors: Marzari Francesco , Nagasawa Makiko , Goździewski Krzyszof 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Planet–planet (P–P) scattering is a leading dynamical mechanism invoked to explain the present orbital distribution of exoplanets. Many stars belong to binary systems; therefore, it is important to understand how this mechanism works in the presence of a companion star. We focus on systems of three planets orbiting the primary star and estimate the time-scale for instability, finding that it scales with the Keplerian period for systems that have the same ratio between inner planet and binary semimajor axes. An empirical formula is also derived from simulations to estimate how the binary eccentricity affects the extent of the stability region. The presence of the secondary star affects the P–P scattering outcomes, causing a broadening of the final distribution in semimajor axis of the inner planet as some of the orbital energy of the planets is absorbed by the companion star. Repeated approaches to the secondary star also cause a significant reduction in the frequency of surviving two-planet systems in particular for larger values of the inner planet semimajor axis. The formation of Kozai states with the companion star increases the number of planets that may be tidally circularized. To predict the possible final distribution of planets in binaries, we have performed a large number of simulations where the initial semimajor axis of the inner planets is chosen randomly. For small values of the binary semimajor axis, the higher frequency of collision alters the final planet orbital distributions that, however, beyond 50 au appear to be scalable to wider binary separations.
The terrestrial planet formation around M dwarfs: insitu, inward migration, or reversed migration
Authors: Pan Mengrui , Wang Su , Ji Jianghui 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Terrestrial planets are commonly observed to orbit M dwarfs with close-in trajectories. In this work, we extensively perform N-body simulations of planetesimal accretion with three models of in situ, inward migration, and reversed migration to explore terrestrial formation in tightly compact systems of M dwarfs. In the simulations, the solid discs are assumed to be 0.01 per cent of the masses of host stars and spread from 0.01 to 0.5 au with the surface density profile scaling with r−k according to the observations. Our results show that the in-situ scenario may produce $7.77^{+3.23}_{-3.77}$ terrestrial planets with an average mass of $1.23^{+4.01}_{-0.93}\,{\rm M}_{\oplus }$ around M dwarfs. The number of planets tends to increase as the disc slope is steeper or with a larger stellar mass. Moreover, we show that $2.55^{+1.45}_{-1.55}$ planets with a mass of $3.76^{+8.77}_{-3.46} \ {\rm M}_{\oplus }$ are formed in the systems via inward migration, while $2.85^{+1.15}_{-0.85}$ planets with $3.01^{+13.77}_{-2.71} \ {\rm M}_{\oplus }$ are yielded under reversed migration. Migration scenarios can also deliver plentiful water from the exterior of the ice line to the interior due to more efficient accretion. The simulation outcomes of the reversed migration model produce the best match with observations, being suggestive of a likely mechanism for planetary formation around M dwarfs.
The spectra of IceCube neutrino (SIN) candidate sources – II. Source characterization
Authors: Padovani P , Giommi P , Falomo R , Oikonomou F , Petropoulou M , Glauch T , Resconi E , Treves A , Paiano S 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Eight years after the first detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube, we are still almost clueless as regards to their origin, although the case for blazars being neutrino sources is getting stronger. After the first significant association at the $3\!-\!3.5\, \sigma$ level in time and space with IceCube neutrinos, i.e. the blazar TXS 0506+056 at z = 0.3365, some of us have in fact selected a unique sample of 47 blazars, out of which ∼16 could be associated with individual neutrino track events detected by IceCube. Building upon our recent spectroscopy work on these objects, here we characterize them to determine their real nature and check if they are different from the rest of the blazar population. For the first time we also present a systematic study of the frequency of masquerading BL Lacs, i.e. flat-spectrum radio quasars with their broad lines swamped by non-thermal jet emission, in a γ-ray- and IceCube-selected sample, finding a fraction &gt;24 per cent and possibly as high as 80 per cent. In terms of their broad-band properties, our sources appear to be indistinguishable from the rest of the blazar population. We also discuss two theoretical scenarios for neutrino emission, one in which neutrinos are produced in interactions of protons with jet photons and one in which the target photons are from the broad-line region. Both scenarios can equally account for the neutrino–blazar correlation observed by some of us. Future observations with neutrino telescopes and X-ray satellites will test them out.
Thermal conductivity measurements of macroscopic frozen salt ice analogues of Jovian icy moons in support of the planned JUICE mission
Authors: González Díaz C , Aparicio Secanellas S , Muñoz Caro G M , Anaya Velayos J J , Carrascosa H , Hernández M G , Muñoz-Iglesias V , Marcos-Fernández Á , Prieto-Ballesteros O , Lorente R , Witasse O , Altobelli N 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The study of thermal properties of frozen salt solutions representative of ice layers in Jovian moons is crucial to support the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) missions, which will be launched in the upcoming years to make detailed observations of the giant gaseous planet Jupiter and three of its largest moons (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), due to the scarcity of experimental measurements. Therefore, we have conducted a set of experiments to measure and study the thermal conductivity of macroscopic frozen salt solutions of particular interest in these regions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 0 to −70 °C in a climatic chamber. Temperature and calorimetry were measured during the course of the experiments. An interesting side effect of these measurements is that they served to spot phase changes in the frozen salt solutions, even for very low salt concentrations. A small sample of the liquid salt-water solution was set aside for the calorimetry measurements. These experiments and the measurements of thermal conductivity and calorimetry will be valuable to constrain the chemical composition, physical state, and temperature of the icy crusts of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto.
Abnormal brain activity in nonsuicidal self-injury: a coordinate-based activation likelihood meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies
Authors: Lai Mingfeng , Jiang Ping , Xu Jiajun , Luo Dan , Hao Xiaoting , Li Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The high prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in youths demonstrates a substantial population-level burden on society. NSSI is often associated with emotional and social skill deficits. To date, several studies have aimed to identify the underlying neural mechanism of those deficits in NSSI by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, their conclusions display poor consistency.

Objective
We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) for fMRI data based on emotional and cognitive tasks to clarify the underlying neural processing deficits of NSSI.

Methods
We searched for MRI studies of NSSI in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. We identified significant foci for the included studies and conducted two ALE meta-analyses as follows: (i) activation for the NSSI contrast healthy control group and (ii) deactivation for the NSSI contrast healthy controls. Considering the diverse sex composition of study participants and possible bias from one large sample study, we conducted sensitivity analyses for the meta-analysis.

Results
Nine studies comprising 359 participants were included, and the results demonstrated substantial activation in NSSI patients compared with healthy controls in two clusters located in the right medial frontal gyrus extending to the rostral anterior cingulate and the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to the insula.

Conclusions
The results suggest that individuals with NSSI show brain activity alterations that underpin their core symptoms, including poor emotional regulation and reward processing deficits. Our findings provide new insights into the neural mechanism of NSSI, which may serve as functional biomarkers for developing effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for these patients.
Rickettsiae in fleas infesting domestic pets of eastern Himalayan terrains of India
Authors: Khan Siraj A , Saikia Jahnabi , Bora Trishna , Khamo Vinotsole , Rahi Manju 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Flea-borne rickettsioses have been limitedly explored in the Indian sub-Himalayan belt, including the North Eastern Region (NER) of India. This study investigates the presence of rickettsiae hosts and their probable pathogens in the disease-endemic hilly state of the NER of India.

Methods
Entomological surveys were carried out in disease-reporting localities in a hilly state in India. Fleas collected from domesticated animals were processed for detection of a Rickettsia-specific 17-kDa gene.

Results
Sequence analysis revealed Rickettsia felis in six flea pools (40%), Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis in two pools (13.3%) and Rickettsia asembonensis in one pool (6.6%).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans as potential carriers of R. felis and R. felis–like organisms in India.
A Genetic Toolkit for Investigating Clavibacter Species: Markerless Deletion, Permissive Site Identification, and an Integrative Plasmid
Authors: Stevens Danielle M. , Tang Andrea , Coaker Gitta 
Published: December 2021

The development of knockout mutants and expression variants are critical for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships. However, advances in these techniques in gram-positive actinobacteria have stagnated over the last decade. Actinobacteria in the Clavibacter genus are composed of diverse crop pathogens that cause a variety of wilt and cankering diseases. Here, we present a suite of tools for genetic manipulation in the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis including a markerless deletion system, an integrative plasmid, and an R package for identification of permissive sites for plasmid integration. The vector pSelAct-KO is a recombination-based, markerless knockout system that uses dual selection to engineer seamless deletions of a region of interest, providing opportunities for repeated higher-order genetic knockouts. The efficacy of pSelAct-KO was demonstrated in C. michiganensis and was confirmed using whole-genome sequencing. We developed permissR, an R package to identify permissive sites for chromosomal integration, which can be used in conjunction with pSelAct-Express, a nonreplicating integrative plasmid that enables recombination into a permissive genomic location. Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein by pSelAct-Express was verified in two candidate permissive regions predicted by permissR in C. michiganensis. These molecular tools are essential advances for investigating gram-positive actinobacteria, particularly for important pathogens in the Clavibacter genus. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Addition of Hyaluronidase to Tumescent Local Anesthesia Supports Lymphological Liposculpture of Secondary Lymphedema
Authors: Cornely Manuel Eugen , Hettenhausen Christian 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
Proteoglycans (PG) are essential for regulating water flow in the interstitium. From stage 1 of lymphostasis, there is an accumulation of interstitial PG, which regulate the increasing fluids. As the disease progresses, more PG are formed than degraded, resulting in proliferation, and increases in circumference and volume of solid tissue. The removal of this subcutaneous tissue, which is very rigid due to cross-linked PG, is a particular challenge in lymphedema surgery. Hyaluronidase has a lytic effect on these PG structures and, after subcutaneous infiltration, reduces the viscosity of the extracellular matrix, promoting diffusion and penetration of solutions into the surrounding tissue. By using hyaluronidase in our vascular-sparing surgical protocol (lymphological liposculpture), we have not observed any lymphedema recurrences even after 15 years.
Contralateral Obturator to Femoral Nerve Branch Transfer for Multilevel Lumbosacral Plexus Avulsion Injury
Authors: Nichols D. Spencer , Chim Harvey 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
We report successful restoration of quadriceps function following contralateral obturator to lateral branch of the femoral nerve transfer (with intervening autograft) in two patients with multilevel lumbosacral root avulsions, resulting in severe unilateral motor and sensory deficits. Three years postoperatively, patient 1 had regained Medical Research Council grade 3 knee extension with the ability to extend against 10 pounds of resistance. At 28 months postoperatively, patient 2 had regained Medical Research Council grade 2 knee extension. Treatment options for severe lumbosacral plexus injuries with multiple root avulsions are limited. This approach offers a new option for these devastating injuries.
Prediction accuracy of no-history intraocular lens formulas for a diffractive extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens after myopic corneal refractive surgery
Authors: Tan Qian , Wang Yong , Zhao Libei , Peng Manqiang , Zheng Hansong , Lin Ding 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation methods for extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) IOLs in eyes with a history of myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)/photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery lacking historical data.

Setting:
Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, and Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Patients with axial lengths (ALs) ≥25.0 mm and a history of myopic LASIK/PRK surgery who underwent cataract surgery with implantation of EDoF IOLs were enrolled. A comparison was performed of the accuracy of 10 IOL methods lacking historical data, including Barrett True-K no history (Barrett TKNH), Haigis-L, Shammas, and Potvin-Hill formulas and average, minimum, and maximum IOL power on the ASCRS online postrefractive IOL calculator; Seitz/Speicher/Savini (Triple-S) formula; and Schuster/Schanzlin-Thomas-Purcell (SToP) formulas based on Holladay 1 and SRK/T formulas. IOL power was calculated with the abovementioned methods in 2 groups according to AL (Group 1: 25.0 mm ≤ AL < 28.0 mm and Group 2: AL ≥ 28.0 mm).

Results:
64 eyes were included. Excellent outcomes were achieved with the minimum, Barrett TKNH, SToP (SRK/T), and Triple-S formulas in the whole sample and subgroups, which led to similar median absolute error, mean absolute error, and the percentage of eyes with a prediction error within ±0.5 diopters (D). In the whole sample, the Haigis-L and maximum formulas had a significantly higher absolute error than minimum, SToP (SRK/T), and Barrett TKNH formulas. The maximum formula also had a significantly lower percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D than the Barrett TKNH, and SToP (SRK/T) formulas (15.6% vs 50% and 51.5%, all P < .05 with Bonferroni adjustment).

Conclusions:
Predicting the EDoF IOL power in postmyopic refractive eyes by no-history IOL formulas remains challenging. The Barrett TKNH, Triple-S, minimum, and SToP (SRK/T) formulas achieved the best accuracy when AL ≥ 25.0 mm, while the Barrett TKNH and SToP (SRK/T) formulas were recommended when AL ≥ 28.0 mm.