bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Components of School-Based Prevention Programs for Child Abuse: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Gubbels Jeanne , van der Put Claudia E. , Stams Geert-Jan J. M. , Assink Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchool-based programs seem promising for child abuse prevention. However, research mainly focused on sexual child abuse and knowledge is lacking on how individual program components contribute to the effectiveness of school-based prevention programs for any form of child abuse. This study aimed to examine the overall effect of these school-based programs on (a) children’s child abuse-related knowledge and (b) self-protection skills by conducting two three-level meta-analyses. Furthermore, moderator analyses were performed to identify how program components and delivery techniques were associated with effectiveness. A literature search yielded 34 studies (158 effect sizes; N = 11,798) examining knowledge of child abuse and 22 studies (99 effect sizes; N = 7804) examining self-protection skills. A significant overall effect was found of school-based programs on both knowledge (d = 0.572, 95% CI [0.408, 0.737], p < 0.001) and self-protection skills (d = 0.528, 95% CI [0.262, 0.794], p < 0.001). The results of the first meta-analysis on children’s child abuse knowledge suggest that program effects were larger in programs addressing social–emotional skills of children (d = 0.909 for programs with this component versus d = 0.489 for programs without this component) and self-blame (d = 0.776 versus d = 0.412), and when puppets (d = 1.096 versus d = 0.500) and games or quizzes (d = 0.966 versus d = 0.494) were used. The second meta-analysis on children’s self-protections skills revealed that no individual components or techniques were associated with increased effectiveness. Several other study and program characteristics did moderate the overall effects and are discussed. In general, school-based prevention programs show positive effects on both knowledge and self-protection skills, and the results imply that program effectiveness can be improved by implementing specific components and techniques.
Niche Construction Theory in Archaeology: A Critical Review
Authors: Spengler Robert N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, niche construction theory (NCT) has been one of the fastest-growing theories or scholarly approaches in the social sciences, especially within archaeology. It was proposed in the biological sciences 25 years ago and is often referred to as a neglected evolutionary mechanism. Given its rapid acceptance by the archaeological community, it is important that scholars consider how it is being applied and look for discrepancies between applications of the concept. Many critical discussions of NCT have already been published, but most of them are in biology journals and may be overlooked by scholars in the social sciences. In this manuscript, my goal is to synthesis the criticisms of NCT, better allowing archaeologists to independently evaluate its usefulness. I focus on the claims of novelty and differences between NCT and other approaches to conceptualizing anthropogenic ecosystem impacts and culture-evolution feedbacks. I argue that the diverse concepts currently included in the wide-reaching purview of NCT are not new, but the terminology is and may be useful to some scholars. If proponents of the concept are able to unify their ideas, it may serve a descriptive function, but given that lack of a testable explanatory mechanism, it does not have a clear heuristic function.
Hopf Bifurcation for General 1D Semilinear Wave Equations with Delay
Authors: Kmit Irina , Recke Lutz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider boundary value problems for 1D autonomous damped and delayed semilinear wave equations of the type $$\begin{aligned} \partial ^2_tu(t,x)- a(x,\lambda )^2\partial _x^2u(t,x)= b(x,\lambda ,u(t,x),u(t-\tau ,x),\partial _tu(t,x),\partial _xu(t,x)), \; x \in (0,1) \end{aligned}$$

∂
t
2

u

(
t
,
x
)

-
a

(
x
,
λ
)

2

∂
x
2

u

(
t
,
x
)

=
b

(
x
,
λ
,
u

(
t
,
x
)

,
u

(
t
-
τ
,
x
)

,

∂
t

u

(
t
,
x
)

,

∂
x

u

(
t
,
x
)

)

,

x
∈

(
0
,
1
)

with smooth coefficient functions a and b such that $$a(x,\lambda )>0$$

a
(
x
,
λ
)
>
0

and $$b(x,\lambda ,0,0,0,0) = 0$$

b
(
x
,
λ
,
0
,
0
,
0
,
0
)
=
0

for all x and $$\lambda $$
λ
. We state conditions ensuring Hopf bifurcation, i.e., existence, local uniqueness (up to time shifts), regularity (with respect to t and x) and smooth dependence (on $$\tau $$
τ
and $$\lambda $$
λ
) of small non-stationary time-periodic solutions, which bifurcate from the stationary solution $$u=0$$

u
=
0

, and we derive a formula which determines the bifurcation direction with respect to the bifurcation parameter $$\tau $$
τ
. To this end, we transform the wave equation into a system of partial integral equations by means of integration along characteristics and then apply a Lyapunov-Schmidt procedure and a generalized implicit function theorem. The main technical difficulties, which have to be managed, are typical for hyperbolic PDEs (with or without delay): small divisors and the “loss of derivatives” property. We do not use any properties of the corresponding initial-boundary value problem. In particular, our results are true also for negative delays $$\tau $$
τ
.
Participant Engagement in Supported Employment: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Khoronzhevych Mariya , Maximova-Mentzoni Tatiana , Gubrium Erika , Muller Ashley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose This study aimed to synthesise the available knowledge on how participant engagement in supported employment (SE) interventions is presented, defined, and conceptualised. We also aimed to develop a working definition of participant engagement in SE based on the results of our study. Methods This systematic scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The following databases were systematically searched: EBSCO, SCOPUS, Social Care Online, and JSTOR. We included peer-reviewed publications in English based on empirical studies. Results Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Thematic framework analysis resulted in three themes conveying the concept of participant engagement: self-determined choice, empowerment, and collaboration/working alliance. We suggest that participant engagement in SE is an active multifaceted process that involves the empowerment of participants, participants’ exercise of self-determined informed choice, and their collaboration with SE practitioners in a working alliance. Conclusions Participant empowerment, self-determined choice, and collaboration are important aspects of participant engagement in SE. The study results will appeal to SE practitioners and make significant contributions to the broader field of other vocational services supporting people in (re-)entering the competitive labour market.
When the rainy day is the worst hurricane ever: the effects of governmental policies on SMEs during COVID-19
Authors: Belghitar Yacine , Moro Andrea , Radić Nemanja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the impact of COVID-19 on 42,401 UK SMEs and how government intervention affects their capability to survive the pandemic. The results show that, without governmental mitigation schemes, 59% of UK SMEs report negative earnings and that their residual life is reduced from 164 to 139 days. The analysis shows that government support scheme reduces the number of SMEs with negative earnings to 49% and allows extending the residual life for SMEs with negative earnings to 194 days. In addition, the support scheme reduces the number of jobs at risk in our sample by around 20%. However, our results suggest that weaker firms benefit more than strong ones. Besides, industries that are worst hit by COVID-19 are not those that benefit most from the government support scheme. We ascribe this result to the fact that the schemes do not discriminate between those firms that deserve support and those that do not deserve it.
Impact of body mass index on the early experience of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Chao Ying-Jui , Liao Ting-Kai , Su Ping-Jui , Wang Chih-Jung , Shan Yan-Shen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObesity
increases surgical morbidity and mortality in open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). Its influence on robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the early experience of RPD. Between June 2015 and April 2020, 68 consecutive RPDs were performed at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. The patients were categorized as normal-weight (BMI < 23 kg/m2), overweight (BMI = 23–27.5 kg/m2), and obese (BMI > 27.5 kg/m2) according to the definition of obesity in Asian people from the World Health Organization expert consultation. Preoperative characteristics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were prospectively collected. The cumulative sum was used to assess the learning curves. The average age of the patients was 64.8 ± 11.7 years with an average BMI of 24.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (23 normal-weight, 29 overweight, and 16 obese patients). Eighteen patients were required to overcome the learning curve. The overall complication rate was 51.5%, and the major complication rate (Clavien grade ≥ III) was 19.1%. The normal-weight group showed the most favorable outcomes. The blood loss, major complication rate, peripancreatic fluid collection rate, and conversion rate were higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group. There were no differences in the operative time, clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, postoperative hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, bile leak, wound infection, reoperation, hospital stay, and readmission rate between the obese and non-obese groups. Multivariate analysis showed obesity as the only independent factor for major complications (OR: 5.983, CI: 1.394–25.682, p = 0.001), indicating that obesity should be considered as a surgical risk factor during the implementation of RPD.
An optimal reinsurance simulation model for non-life insurance in the Solvency II framework
Authors: Zanotto Alberto , Clemente Gian Paolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an approach to explore reinsurance optimization for a non-life multi-line insurer through a simulation model that combines alternative reinsurance treaties. Based on the Solvency II framework, the model maximises both solvency ratio and portfolio performance under user-defined constraints. Data visualisation helps understanding the numerical results and, together with the concept of the Pareto frontier, supports the selection of the optimal reinsurance program. We show in the case study that the methodology can be easily restructured to deal with multi-objective optimization, and, finally, the selected programs from each proposed problem are compared.
The impact of rosuvastatin on hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis activity in metformin-treated and metformin-naïve men with low testosterone levels: a pilot study
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Basiak Marcin , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntense statin therapy was found to impair testosterone production in men. Metformin administered to subjects with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism decreased gonadotropin production. The current study was aimed at investigating whether metformin treatment modulates the impact of high-dose rosuvastatin therapy on hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis activity in men.MethodsThe study included 43 very high cardiovascular risk men with late-onset hypogonadism, 20 of whom had been treated with metformin (1.7–3 g daily) for at least 6 months. In all subjects, unsuccessful initial statin treatment was replaced with rosuvastatin (20–40 mg daily). Plasma lipid levels, glucose homeostasis markers, as well as circulating levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, prolactin, estradiol and creatinine were measured at the beginning of the study and 4 months later in 28 individuals in whom rosuvastatin reduced LDL cholesterol levels to below 70 mg/dL.ResultsThere were no differences between treatment-induced changes in plasma lipids. In both study groups, rosuvastatin reduced total and bioavailable testosterone levels. However, only in metformin-naïve men, rosuvastatin increased LH and FSH levels and slightly impaired insulin sensitivity. The impact on gonadotropin concentrations correlated with treatment-induced decrease in testosterone levels. There were no significant differences between baseline and posttreatment values of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, prolactin, estradiol and the glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionThe obtained results suggest that metformin prevents the compensatory increase in gonadotrope function induced by intense statin therapy.
Revealing spatiotemporal transmission patterns and stages of COVID-19 in China using individual patients’ trajectory data
Authors: Cheng Tao , Lu Tianhua , Liu Yunzhe , Gao Xiaowei , Zhang Xianghui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGauging viral transmission through human mobility in order to contain the COVID-19 pandemic has been a hot topic in academic studies and evidence-based policy-making. Although it is widely accepted that there is a strong positive correlation between the transmission of the coronavirus and the mobility of the general public, there are limitations to existing studies on this topic. For example, using digital proxies of mobile devices/apps may only partially reflect the movement of individuals; using the mobility of the general public and not COVID-19 patients in particular, or only using places where patients were diagnosed to study the spread of the virus may not be accurate; existing studies have focused on either the regional or national spread of COVID-19, and not the spread at the city level; and there are no systematic approaches for understanding the stages of transmission to facilitate the policy-making to contain the spread.To address these issues, we have developed a new methodological framework for COVID-19 transmission analysis based upon individual patients’ trajectory data. By using innovative space–time analytics, this framework reveals the spatiotemporal patterns of patients’ mobility and the transmission stages of COVID-19 from Wuhan to the rest of China at finer spatial and temporal scales. It can improve our understanding of the interaction of mobility and transmission, identifying the risk of spreading in small and medium-sized cities that have been neglected in existing studies. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework and its policy implications to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.
The evolution of the international peace architecture
Authors: Richmond Oliver P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe theories and doctrines related to peacekeeping, mediation, peacebuilding, and statebuilding, as well as other tools used to end war and conflict, raise a range of long-standing questions about the evolution and integrity of what might be called an international peace architecture. A narrow version of this term has begun to appear in the context of peacebuilding through the United Nations, the African Union, the European Union, other regional actors, the international legal system, and the International Financial Institutions. This article proposes a much broader, historical version, with six main theoretical stages, which have, from a critical perspective, produced a substantial, though fragile, international architecture.
First radiative shock experiments on the SG-II laser
Authors: Suzuki-Vidal Francisco , Clayson Thomas , Stehlé Chantal , Chaulagain Uddhab , Halliday Jack W. D. , Sun Mingying , Ren Lei , Kang Ning , Liu Huiya , Zhu Baoqiang , Zhu Jianqiang , De Almeida Rossi Carolina , Mihailescu Teodora , Velarde Pedro , Cotelo Manuel , Foster John M. , Danson Colin N. , Spindloe Christopher , Chittenden Jeremy P. , Kuranz Carolyn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report on the design and first results from experiments looking at the formation of radiative shocks on the Shenguang-II (SG-II) laser at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics in China. Laser-heating of a two-layer CH/CH–Br foil drives a

$\sim 40$

km/s shock inside a gas cell filled with argon at an initial pressure of 1 bar. The use of gas-cell targets with large (several millimetres) lateral and axial extent allows the shock to propagate freely without any wall interactions, and permits a large field of view to image single and colliding counter-propagating shocks with time-resolved, point-projection X-ray backlighting (

$\sim 20$

μm source size, 4.3 keV photon energy). Single shocks were imaged up to 100 ns after the onset of the laser drive, allowing to probe the growth of spatial nonuniformities in the shock apex. These results are compared with experiments looking at counter-propagating shocks, showing a symmetric drive that leads to a collision and stagnation from

$\sim 40$

ns onward. We present a preliminary comparison with numerical simulations with the radiation hydrodynamics code ARWEN, which provides expected plasma parameters for the design of future experiments in this facility.
The wrong vaccine: custody time limits and loss of liberty during Covid-19
Authors: Marsh Luke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a context where the criminal courts have been drastically affected by coronavirus, this paper seeks to demonstrate that the presumption of innocence risks becoming a further casualty of Covid-19. It will argue that prolonged pre-trial detention of unconvicted defendants has been sanctioned by the senior judiciary under the Custody Time Limit (CTL) Regulations. Following a series of important CTL decisions, a universal position of the senior judiciary, one supportive of government, is emerging: despite the case backlog resulting in defendants facing trial delays of unknown length, the exceptional circumstances of the pandemic which the executive faces, amounts to ‘good cause’ to extend CTLs. It will be argued that the correct approach for courts to follow is that that they must hear evidence that justifies why no court rooms are available before using that to mandate extensions. It will be further contended that these far-reaching decisions came from the senior judiciary's perceived need to mop up the problem posed by widespread refusals to extend CTLs, raising questions as to their ability to act independently of political pressure.
On the involution fixity of simple groups
Authors: Burness Timothy C. , Covato Elisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $G$ be a finite permutation group of degree $n$ and let ${\rm ifix}(G)$ be the involution fixity of $G$, which is the maximum number of fixed points of an involution. In this paper, we study the involution fixity of almost simple primitive groups whose socle $T$ is an alternating or sporadic group; our main result classifies the groups of this form with ${\rm ifix}(T) \leqslant n^{4/9}$. This builds on earlier work of Burness and Thomas, who studied the case where $T$ is an exceptional group of Lie type, and it strengthens the bound ${\rm ifix}(T) > n^{1/6}$ (with prescribed exceptions), which was proved by Liebeck and Shalev in 2015. A similar result for classical groups will be established in a sequel.
RETRACTED – The wigner property for CL-spaces and finite-dimensional polyhedral banach spaces
Authors: Tan Dongni , Huang Xujian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe say that a map $f$ from a Banach space $X$ to another Banach space $Y$ is a phase-isometry if the equality
\[ \{\|f(x)+f(y)\|, \|f(x)-f(y)\|\}=\{\|x+y\|, \|x-y\|\} \]holds for all $x,\,y\in X$. A Banach space $X$ is said to have the Wigner property if for any Banach space $Y$ and every surjective phase-isometry $f : X\rightarrow Y$, there exists a phase function $\varepsilon : X \rightarrow \{-1,\,1\}$ such that $\varepsilon \cdot f$ is a linear isometry. We present some basic properties of phase-isometries between two real Banach spaces. These enable us to show that all finite-dimensional polyhedral Banach spaces and CL-spaces possess the Wigner property.
Comparative evaluation of Kalman filters and motion models in vehicular state estimation and path prediction
Authors: Tao Lu , Watanabe Yousuke , Yamada Shunya , Takada Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVehicle state estimation and path prediction, which usually involve Kalman filter and motion model, are critical tasks for intelligent driving. In vehicle state estimation, the comparative performance assessment, regarding accuracy and efficiency, of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is rarely discussed. This paper is devoted to empirically evaluating the performance of UKF and EKF incorporating different motion models and investigating the models’ properties and the affecting factors in path prediction. Extensive real world experiments have been carried out and the results show that EKF and UKF have roughly identical accuracy in state estimation; however, EKF is faster than UKF generally; the fastest filter is about 2⋅6 times faster than the slowest. The path prediction experiments reveal that the velocity estimate and the used motion model affect path prediction; the more realistically the model reflects the vehicle's driving status, the more reliable its predictions.
Maternal parenting stress changes over the first year of life in infants with complex cardiac defects and in healthy infants
Authors: Golfenshtein Nadya , Hanlon Alexandra L , Deatrick Janet A , Medoff-Cooper Barbara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives:Parents of infants with CHDs experience increased parenting stress compared to the general population, potentially interfering with parenting practices and bear adverse family outcomes. The changes in stress over the critical period of infancy have yet to be studied. The current study aimed to compare parenting stress changes over time between parents of infants with CHDs and parents of healthy infants during the first year of infants’ life.Methods:Data from a larger prospective cohort study were longitudinally analysed using mixed-effects multivariable regression modelling. Sample included mothers of 129 infants with complex cardiac defects and healthy infants, recruited from the cardiac ICU of a large cardiac centre and outpatient paediatric practices in Northeastern America. Outcome was measured over four visits via the Parenting Stress Index Long Form.Results:Stress in the cardiac group has significantly decreased over time on the Parent Domain (p = 0.025), and stress in the healthy group has significantly increased over time on the Child Domain (p = 0.033). Parenting stress trajectories demonstrated significant differences between groups on the Parent Domain (p = 0.026) and on the Total Stress (p = 0.039) subscales.Conclusions:Parenting stress in the paediatric cardiac population changes over time and differs from stress experienced by parents of healthy infants. Findings highlight stressful periods that may be potentially risky for parents of infants with CHDs and introduce additional illness-related and psychosocial/familial aspects to the parenting stress concept.