bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akibat Hukum Perusahaan Perkebunan yang Tidak Melaksanakan Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan
Authors: Hutagalung Saut Parsaulian , Butar Butar Franky 
Published: June 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept known in the business world as a form of company concern for society. Indonesia regulates CSR under the term Social and Environmental Responsibility. CSR or Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL) is regulated in Article 74 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company. This regulation requires every company whose activities are to manage and / or relate to natural resources. Plantation companies are companies whose business activities are to manage natural resources and have an obligation to implement TJSL. However, in implementing TJSL, there are several problems, namely the absence of regulations that clearly regulate the form of activities including TJSL and sanctions for plantation companies that do not implement TJSL which creates legal vacuum and legal uncertainty for companies, government and for the community. This research was conducted with the aim of providing legal certainty and as a guideline for all parties related to the implementation of TJSL and law enforcement. The research method used in this research is a normative juridical research type that analyzes legal issues against the prevailing norms or positive legal rules. This research was conducted using a Statute Approach and a Conceptual Approach.Keywords: Limited Liability Company; legal sanctions; Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Responsibility merupakan konsep yang dikenal dalam dunia bisnis sebagai bentuk kepedulian perusahaan terhadap masyarakat. Indonesia mengatur CSR dengan istilah Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan. TJSL diatur dalam Pasal 74 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Pengaturan ini mewajibkan setiap perusahaan yang kegiatannya mengelola dan/atau berkaitan dengan sumber daya alam. Perusahaan perkebunan merupakan perusahaan yang kegiatan usahanya mengelola sumber daya alam memiliki kewajiban dalam melaksanakan TJSL. Namun, Perusahaan perkebunan dalam menjalankan TJSL terdapat beberapa permasalahan yaitu belum adanya peraturan yang mengatur secara jelas terkait dengan bentuk kegiatan yang termasuk TJSL dan sanksi bagi perusahaan perkebunan yang tidak melaksanakan TJSL yang menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dan ketidakpastian hukum bagi perusahaan, pemerintah maupun bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kepastian hukum serta dapat menjadi pedoman bagi seluruh pihak terkait dengan pelaksanaan TJSL dan penegakan hukumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tipe penelitian yuridis normatif yang menganalisa permasalahan hukum terhadap norma atau kaidah hukum posistif yang berlaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan dan Pendekatan Konseptual.Kata Kunci: Perseroan Terbatas; Sanksi Hukum; Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan.
Hak-Hak Pekerja Rumah Tangga dan Perlindungan Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Azhari Muhammad Yafi , Halim Abdul 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the rights of informal domestic workers and legal protection in Indonesia through Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and Regulation of the Minister of Manpower (Permenaker) Number 2 of 2015 concerning Protection of Domestic Workers. This type of research is qualitative using a normative-empirical approach. Sources of data include primary data in the form of interviews, while secondary data through statutory approaches and document studies. The results show that the rights of domestic workers have not been fully regulated to provide a decent life for domestic workers and the drafting of Permenaker No.2 of 2015 has not become a state protection for domestic workers because the regulation focuses on supervising channeling agencies. Therefore, government awareness of the existence of domestic workers is necessary.Keywords: Domestic workers; Legal protection; Regulation.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hak-hak pekerja rumah tangga informal dan perlindungan hukum di Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan (Permenaker) Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 tentang Perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris. Sumber data meliputi data primer berupa wawancara sedangkan data sekunder melalui pendekatan ilmu perundang-undangan dan studi dokumen. Hasil menunjukan bahwa hak pekerja rumah tangga belum diatur secara lengkap untuk memberi kehidupan yang layak bagi PRT dan pembuatan Permenaker Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 belum menjadi perlindungan negara kepada pekerja rumah tangga karena peraturan tersebut berfokus untuk mengawasi lembaga penyalur. Kata Kunci: Pekerja Rumah Tangga; Perlindungan Hukum; Pengaturan.
Heterogeneity of the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia: What can we learn from it?
Authors: Chen Qiuli , Assefa Yibeltal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It has been more than one year since the World Health Organization declared the pandemic of COVID-19. Countries around the world are still struggling to control their epidemics. Australia has shown its resilience in the fight against the epidemic by providing a comprehensive response involving the whole-of-government and whole-of-society. Despite the overall successful national response, the epidemic in Australia has been heterogeneous across states. We conducted a mixed-methods study to analyze the epidemic and explain the variable manifestation of the epidemic across states in Australia. Most of the COVID-19 cases and deaths were in Victoria and New South Wales states due to differences in governance of the epidemic and public health responses (quarantine and contact tracing) among states. Countries could learn not only from Australia’s overall successful response, through good governance, effective community participation, adequate public health and health system capacity and multisectoral actions, but also from the heterogeneity of the epidemic among states. Successful response to epidemics in countries with a decentralized administration requires multi-level governance with alignment and harmonization of the response.
Identifying the Drought Impact Factors and Developing Drought Scenarios using the DSD Model
Authors: Lim Soyeon , Jung Donghwi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to climate change, droughts have become increasingly severe and frequent. Droughts do not simply create water scarcity but also various socio-economic issues. Therefore, it is necessary to manage droughts on the government level through water resource management policies that consider drought conditions. The drought characteristics within each administrative division need to be closely analyzed for effective policy. In this study, a drought impact factor analysis using the DSD model was presented as a method. Through the relationship between various hydrometeorological factors and drought index, the drought impact factor was identified for each area. For South Korea, meteorological factors have a greater impact on droughts than hydrological factors. Identified drought impact factors are analyzed depending on spatio-temporal variability to recognize the features in various aspects of droughts. For the temporal variability, water demand change and severe drought period are considered. Also, for the spatial variability, based on the type of water demand, administrative divisions are grouped into four zones and analyzed accordingly. Finally, a drought scenario based on identified drought impact factor was constructed to present the probable drought conditions in the future. Components of drought scenario reflect the organization of water resources within an area and it combine the each level of components. Through the constructed drought scenarios, it is possible to establish an effective policy for managing water resources considering the drought condition.
Effects of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction on the Development of the Cortical Masticatory Area in Growing Rats
Authors: Fujita Akiyo , Kato Chiho , Abe Yasunori , ishidori Hideyuki , Li Ruixin , Aung Phyo Thura , Ogawa Takuya , Okihara Hidemasa , Kokai Satoshi , Ono Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cortical masticatory area (CMA) regulates masticatory movements and controls rhythmic jaw movements. However, information regarding the effect of respiratory disturbances on the functional development of the CMA remains limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of chronic unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) on the motor representation of the anterior digastric (AD) muscle during the growth period. Forty-eight 8-day-old male Wistar albino rats were randomized into control (CONT, n=24) and UNO (n=24) groups. Both groups underwent intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) at ages 5, 7, and 9 weeks. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle were measured throughout the experiment. The SpO2 values were significantly lower in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Further, the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle was significantly higher in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Intragroup comparisons revealed that the number of positive ICMS sites increased with age. The onset latencies of the evoked AD potential significantly differed between the right and left sides. However, no differences were found between the CONT and UNO groups at any age. These findings suggest that UNO during development induces changes in the motor representation in the CMA.
Comparison of oral Dydrogesterone and 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caprate in the prevention of preterm birth
Authors: Alizadeh Fahimeh , Mahmoudinia Malihe , Mirteimoori Masoumeh , Pourali Lila 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Preterm birth (PTB) remains a significant problem in obstetric care. Progesterone supplements are believed to reduce the rate of preterm labor, but formulation, type of administration, and dosage varies in different studies. This study was performed to compare oral Dydrogesterone with intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17α-OHPC) administration in prevention of PTB.Methods :In this randomized clinical trial, we studied 150 women with singleton pregnancy in 28Th-34Th Gestational week, who had received tocolytic treatment for preterm labor. Participants were divided to receive 30mg oral Dydrogesterone daily, 250mg intramuscular 17α-OHPC weekly, or no intervention (control group). All treatments were continued until 37Th Week or delivery, whichever occurred earlier. Obstetric outcomes, including latency period, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and neonatal mortality were recorded. All patients were monitored biweekly until delivery.Results: Baseline gestational age was not significantly different between groups. Latency period was significantly longer in the progesterone group compared with Dydrogesterone and control groups (41.06±17.29 vs. 29.44±15.6 and 22.20±4.51 days, respectively; P<0.001). The progesterone group showed significantly better results compared with the other two groups, in terms of gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and Apgar score (P<0.001). None of the participants showed severe complications, stillbirth, or gestational diabetes.Conclusion: Progesterone caproate can strongly prolong the latency period and improve neonatal outcomes and therefore, is superior to oral Dydrogesterone in the prevention of PTB.
Evaluation of The Effect of Epiphytic, Endophytic And Rhizosphere Bacteria On Seed Germination And Seedling Characteristics
Authors: Razinataj Mohammad , Khodakaramian Gholam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During 2013 and 2014, in order to investigate the effect of bacteria on the characteristics and growth rate of cotton seedlings, isolated epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria from cotton plants in Golestan province. Based on biochemical and phenotypic tests, amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, were identified strains. Isolates of Bacillus pumilus MR11, B. pumilus MR12, B. pumilus MR13, B. safensis MR21, B. safensis MR22 and Stenotrophomonas pavanii MR31 identified as superior endophytes and rhizosphere. Also Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. syringae and Pantoea annanatis were identified as epiphytic from plants and seeds. These isolates were evaluated to effect on seedling growth characteristics. Based on results, the six-day-old seedlings treated with Bacillus pumilus MR11 and B. pumilus MR12 had the highest root and shoot length and fresh shoot weight. Due to the fact that B. pumilus MR12 and S. pavanii MR31 isolates had the highest percentage and germination rate, so their use as seed treatment can increase the percentage and germination rate of seeds and be effective in reducing the damage caused by seedling diseases. This is the first report of isolation of B. safensis, B. pumilus and S. pavanii bacteria from rhizosphere and cotton endophytes in Iran.
4-[1-ethyl-1-methylhexy]-phenol Induces Apoptosis and Interrupts Ca2+ Homeostasis via ROS Pathway in Sertoli TM4 cells
Authors: Liu Xiaozhen , Li Fuxiang , Zhu Zhaoliang , Peng Gaoyi , Huang Danfei , Xie Mingyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biological effect of an individual nonylphenol (NP) isomer extremely relies upon the side chain structure. This research was designed to evaluate the impact of NP isomer, 4-[1-ethyl-1-methylhexy]-phenol (NP65), on Sertoli cells in vitro. Sertoli TM4 cells were exposed to various concentration (0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 20 μM) of NP65 for 24 h, and the outcomes indicated that treatment of NP65 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative stress as well as apoptosis for Sertoli TM4 cells. In addition, it was found that NP65 exposure affected homeostasis of Ca2+ in Sertoli TM4 cells by increasing cytoplasm [Ca2+]i, inhibiting Ca2+-ATPase activity and decreasing cAMP concentration. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), attenuated NP65-induced oxidative stress as well as apoptosis for TM4 cells. Furthermore, NAC blocked NP65-induced disorders of Ca2+ homeostasis by attenuating the growth of intracellular [Ca2+]i and the inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase and cAMP activities. Thus, we have demonstrated that NP65 induced apoptosis as well as acted as a potent inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPase activity and resulted in disorder of Ca2+ homeostasis in Sertoli TM4 cells, ROS participated in the process. Our results supported the view that oxidative stress acted an essential role within the development of apoptosis and Ca2+ overload in TM4 cells as a consequence of NP65 stimulation.
The Clinical Use of Alzheimer’s Biomarkers in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium Survey
Authors: Caprioglio Camilla , Garibotto Valentina , Jessen Frank , Frölich Lutz , Allali Gilles , Assal Frédéric , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Altomare Daniele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. This study aims to investigate the clinical use of the main Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by examining the beliefs and preferences of clinicians and biomarker experts of the European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium (EADC).Methods. Out of 306 contacted EADC professionals, 150 (101 clinicians, 43 biomarker experts, and 6 falling into other categories) filled in an online survey from May to September 2020. The investigated biomarkers were: medial temporal lobe atrophy score (MTA) on structural MRI, typical AD (i.e. temporoparietal and posterior cingulate) hypometabolism on FDG-PET, CSF (Aβ42, p-tau, t-tau), amyloid-PET and tau-PET.Results. Despite the abnormal accumulation of amyloid rather than tau was deemed by the majority of responders as the initial cause of AD, responders did not show a clear preference for amyloid-PET. The most widely used biomarker is MTA (77% of responders reported to use it at least frequently), followed by Aβ42, p-tau, t-tau levels in CSF (45%), typical AD hypometabolism on FDG-PET (32%), amyloid-PET (8%), and tau-PET (2%). Imaging and CSF biomarkers were found to be widely used to support the etiological diagnostic process in MCI, while APOE genotyping was performed only in a minority of patients. CSF is considered the most valuable biomarker in terms of additional diagnostic value, followed by amyloid-PET, tau-PET, and typical AD hypometabolism on FDG-PET. The combination of amyloidosis and neuronal injury biomarkers is associated with the highest diagnostic confidence in an etiological diagnosis of AD in MCI, while MTA alone was perceived as the less reliable biomarker.Conclusions. Biomarkers are widely used across Europe for the diagnosis of MCI. Overall, we observed that CSF is currently considered as the most useful biomarker, followed by amyloid-PET. Moreover, the use of molecular imaging (i.e. amyloid-PET and tau-PET) in the diagnostic work-up of MCI patients is increasing over time.
Species Ecological Strategy and Soil Phosphorus Supply Interactively Affect Plant Biomass and Phosphorus Concentration
Authors: Moeneclaey Iris , Schelfhout Stephanie , Vanhellemont Margot , DeCock Eva , Coillie Frieke Van , Verheyen Kris , Baeten Lander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and aimExcess soil phosphorus often constrains ecological restoration of degraded semi-natural grasslands in Western-Europe. Slow-growing species, often target for restoration, are at a disadvantage because they are outcompeted by fast-growing species. Gaining insight into the responses of plant species and communities to soil phosphorus availability will help understanding restoration trajectories of grassland ecosystems.MethodsWe set up a pot experiment using twenty grassland species with contrasting growth forms (i.e. grasses versus forbs) and nutrient use strategies (i.e. acquisitive versus conservative nutrient use). We quantified the nutrient use strategy of a species based on the stress-tolerance value of the CSR framework (StrateFy, Pierce et al. 2017). We grew these species as monocultures and in mixtures along a soil phosphorus gradient and measured the aboveground biomass and plant phosphorus concentrations.ResultsWe found plant phosphorus to increase with soil phosphorus supply, but observed no biomass response. Forbs had higher plant phosphorus concentrations compared to grasses both in monocultures and mixtures. The species’ nutrient use strategy had contrasting effects on plant tissue phosphorus concentrations, depending on the amount of phosphorus supply (interaction effect) and the biomass of the vegetation (dilution effect). Species with conservative nutrient use strategies survived and even thrived in under excess soil phosphorus availability.ConclusionOur findings contribute to the knowledge required for successfull ecological restoration of species-rich grasslands. Adopting a trait-based approach enabled us to link findings from comparative ecological studies with insights from (eco)physiological research.
Fast-slow Variable Dissection with Two Slow Variables Related to Calcium Concentrations: A Case Study to Bursting in a Neural Pacemaker Model
Authors: Li Yuye , Gu Huaguang , Jia Yanbing , Ma Kaihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neuronal bursting is an electrophysiological behavior participating in physiological or pathological functions and a complex nonlinear alternating between burst and quiescent state modulated by slow variables. Identification of dynamics of bursting modulated by two slow variables is still an open problem. In the present paper, a novel fast-slow variable dissection method with two slow variables is proposed to analyze the complex bursting in a 4-dimensional neuronal model to describe bursting associated with pathological pain. The lumenal (Clum) and intracellular (Cin) calcium concentrations are the slowest variables respectively in the quiescent state and burst duration. Questions encountered when the traditional method with one low variable is used. When Clum is taken as slow variable, the burst is successfully identified to terminate near the saddle-homoclinic bifurcation point of the fast subsystem and begin not from the saddle-node bifurcation. With Cin chosen as slow variable, Clum value of initiation point is far from the saddle-node bifurcation point, due to Clum not contained in the equation of membrane potential. To overcome this problem, both Cin and Clum are regarded as slow variables, the two-dimensional fast subsystem exhibits a saddle-node bifurcation point, which is extended to a saddle-node bifurcation curve by introducing Clum dimension. Then, the initial point of burst is successfully identified to be near the saddle-node bifurcation curve. The results present a feasible method for fast-slow variable dissection and deep understanding to the complex bursting behavior with two slow variables, which is helpful for the modulation to pathological pain.
AKIP1 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, stemness and activates PI3K-Akt, MEK/ERK, mTOR signaling pathways in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Jiabin , Zhao Binjiahui , Hou Limin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to examine the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) in prostate cancer. Methods: The effect of AKIP1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and stemness was determined by overexpressing and knocking down AKIP1 in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells via lentivirus infection. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by AKIP1 modification were determined using RNA sequencing. Besides, the correlation of AKIP1 with clinicopathological features and prognosis in 130 prostate cancer patients was assessed. Results: AKIP1 expression was increased in VCaP, LNCaP, DU145 cells while similar in 22Rv1 cells compared with RWPE-1 cells. Furthermore, AKIP1 overexpression promoted 22Rv1 and LNCaP cell proliferation, invasion, but inhibited apoptosis; meanwhile, AKIP1 overexpression increased CD133+ cell rate and enhanced spheres formation efficiency in 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells. Reversely, AKIP1 knockdown exhibited the opposite effect in 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells. Further RNA sequencing analysis exhibited that AKIP1-modified DEGs were enriched in the oncogenic signaling pathways related to prostate cancer, such as PI3K-Akt, MEK/ERK, mTOR signaling pathways. The following western blot indicated that AKIP1 overexpression activated while its knockdown blocked PI3K-Akt, MEK/ERK, mTOR signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells. Clinically, AKIP1 was upregulated in the prostate tumor tissues compared with paired adjacent tissues, and its tumor high expression correlated with increased pathological T, pathological N stage and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Conclusion: AKIP1 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, stemness, activates PI3K-Akt, MEK/ERK, mTOR signaling pathways and correlates with worse tumor features and prognosis in prostate cancer.