bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible multibody impact simulations based on the isogeometric analysis approach
Authors: Rückwald Tobias , Held Alexander , Seifried Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsually detailed impact simulations are based on isoparametric finite element models. For the inclusion in multibody dynamics simulation, e.g., in the framework of the floating frame of reference, a previous model reduction is necessary. A precise representation of the geometry is essential for modeling the dynamics of the impact. However, isoparametric finite elements involve the discretization of the geometry. This work tests isogeometric analysis (IGA) models as an alternative approach in the context of impact simulations in flexible multibody systems. Therefore, the adaption of the flexible multibody system procedure to include IGA models is detailed. The use of nonuniform rational basis splines (NURBS) allows the exact representation of the geometry. The degrees of freedom of the flexible body are afterwards reduced to save computation time in the multibody simulation. To capture precise deformations and stresses in the area of contact as well as elastodynamic effects, a large number of global shape functions is required. As test examples, the impact of an elastic sphere on a rigid surface and the impact of a long elastic rod are simulated and compared to reference solutions.
Institutional complexity traps in policy integration processes: a long-term perspective on Swiss flood risk management
Authors: Bolognesi Thomas , Metz Florence , Nahrath Stéphane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplexity is inherent to the policy processes and to more and more domains such as environment or social policy. Complexity produces unexpected and counterintuitive effects, in particular, the phenomenon of policy regimes falling short of expectations while made by refined policies. This paper addresses this phenomenon by investigating the process of policy integration and its nonlinearities in the long run. We consider that the increase in the number of policies unexpectedly impacts the policy coherence within a policy regime. We argue that, depending on the degree of policy interactions, this impact varies in direction and intensity over time, which explains nonlinearities in integration. The impact turns negative when the regime is made of numerous policies, which favors non-coordinated policy interactions. Finally, the negative impact prevents further integration as stated by the Institutional Complexity Trap hypothesis and explains the contemporary paradoxical phenomenon of ineffective policy regimes made of refined policies. Empirically, we draw on a relational analysis of policies in the Swiss flood risk policy regime from 1848 to 2017. We study the co-evolution of the number of policies and of their de facto interlinkages, i.e., the co-regulations of a common issue. Findings support that the Institutional Complexity Trap is a structural and long-term dynamic punctuated by periods of policy learning and policy selection. We identify three main phases in the evolution of the regime: the start (1848–1874), the development (1874–1991), and the Institutional Complexity Trap (since 1991).
Spelling in Finnish: the case of the double consonant
Authors: Marinus Eva , Torppa Minna , Hautala Jarkko , Aro Mikko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBecause of its regularity, it is relatively easy to learn to read and spell in Finnish. However, a specific hurdle in spelling acquisition seems to be the doubling of consonant letters. In this study on consonant letter doubling spelling in Finnish children (91 Grade 1 and 191 Grade 2 children), we asked two questions. First, are items with double consonant letters (e.g., “kissa” [ˈkisːɑ] ‘cat’) indeed harder to spell than single consonant items (e.g., “kisa” [ˈkisɑ] ‘contest’)? Second, is consonant doubling harder for stop consonants (e.g., “takki” [ˈtɑkːi] ‘coat’) than for continuant consonants (e.g., “kissa” [ˈkisːɑ] ‘cat’)? We found that Finnish children made more errors on items with double consonant letters than on items with single consonant letters and that this effect was larger for stop than for continuant consonant letters. Exploratory analyses showed that these effects were stronger for younger and poorer spellers. Post hoc analyses of the errors made on double consonant items showed that the children predominantly made nonlexical errors (> 90%). When they did make a lexical error, these errors typically did not map on the type of errors that would be expected from a corpus analysis of the higher-frequency orthographic neighbors. Overall, lexical influences on spelling of Finnish children seem to be minimal and unpredictable. We discuss two potential reasons why it is more difficult to spell items with double consonant letters than with single consonant letters and suggest how these could be investigated in future research.
New application of open source data and Rock Engineering System for debris flow susceptibility analysis
Authors: Bonetto Sabrina , Mosca Pietro , Vagnon Federico , Vianello Davide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research describes a quantitative, rapid, and low-cost methodology for debris flow susceptibility evaluation at the basin scale using open-access data and geodatabases. The proposed approach can aid decision makers in land management and territorial planning, by first screening for areas with a higher debris flow susceptibility. Five environmental predisposing factors, namely, bedrock lithology, fracture network, quaternary deposits, slope inclination, and hydrographic network, were selected as independent parameters and their mutual interactions were described and quantified using the Rock Engineering System (RES) methodology. For each parameter, specific indexes were proposed, aiming to provide a final synthetic and representative index of debris flow susceptibility at the basin scale. The methodology was tested in four basins located in the Upper Susa Valley (NW Italian Alps) where debris flow events are the predominant natural hazard. The proposed matrix can represent a useful standardized tool, universally applicable, since it is independent of type and characteristic of the basin.
Burden, Quality of Life, and Palliative Care for Family Caregivers of Individuals with Advanced Liver Disease: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Woodrell Christopher D. , Mitra Arnab , Hamilton Andrew , Hansen Lissi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Identify and describe prior studies of family caregiver quality of life, health, and burden experienced while caring for patients with advanced liver disease and the possible role of palliative care.

Recent Findings
Thirty-six articles were identified that met inclusion criteria. Studies identified included cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective intervention studies, with a high proportion of qualitative and descriptive research. Resulting studies addressed type of family caregiver burden, including physical, psychological, and financial causes of burden, including HE, lack of information and communication, and unpredictability of the disease course. Few prospective studies were identified. The interventions described included nurse-led palliative care, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and coping interventions.

Summary
Little has been published on the nature of family caregiving, burden, quality of life, or the role of palliative care for family caregivers of people with advanced liver disease. Prospective studies that address unmet family caregiver needs, including palliative care interventions, are lacking.
Osteocytes and Weightlessness
Authors: Iandolo Donata , Strigini Maura , Guignandon Alain , Vico Laurence 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Osteocytes are considered to be the cells responsible for mastering the remodeling process that follows the exposure to unloading conditions. Given the invasiveness of bone biopsies in humans, both rodents and in vitro culture systems are largely adopted as models for studies in space missions or in simulated microgravity conditions models on Earth.

Recent Findings
After a brief recall of the main changes in bone mass and osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities in space-related models, this review focuses on the potential role of osteocytes in directing these changes. The role of the best-known signalling molecules is questioned, in particular in relation to osteocyte apoptosis.

Summary
The mechanotransduction actors identified in spatial conditions and the problems related to fluid flow and shear stress changes, probably enhanced by the alteration in fluid flow and lack of convection during spaceflight, are recalled and discussed.
Pendler Mobil: Die Verwendung von Mobilfunkdaten zur Unterstützung der amtlichen Pendlerstatistik
Authors: Hadam Sandra 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Verfügbarkeit von kleinräumigen und aktuellen Pendlerverflechtungen sind für politische wie auch kommunale Entscheidungsfindungen von hoher Bedeutung. Aus dem Pendlerverhalten lassen sich Rückschlüsse auf Arbeitsmarktregionen und die Verteilung der Wohnbevölkerung ziehen, was unter anderem zu einer laufenden Verbesserung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur beiträgt. Die dafür notwendigen Daten veröffentlicht die amtliche Pendlerrechnung. Jedoch weist sie Verbesserungspotenzial im Hinblick auf die zeitliche und räumliche Darstellung der Pendlerverflechtungen von Erwerbstätigen sowie eine fachliche Erweiterung hinsichtlich der Bildungspendler auf.Dieser Artikel beschreibt die mit dem Projekt Pendler Mobil geprüften Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten der amtlichen Pendlerrechnung auf Basis von Quelle-Ziel-Matrizen aus Mobilfunkdaten. Mobilfunkdaten stellen aufgrund ihrer zeitlichen Aktualität und räumlich feinen Auflösung eine robuste Datengrundlage zur flexiblen Abbildung von potenziellen und regelmäßigen Pendlerbewegungen dar. Die potenzielle Leistungsfähigkeit der Mobilfunkdaten ermöglicht damit eine externe Validierung bestehender Pendlerrechnungen oder Pendlerstatistiken sowie eine beiderseitige Ergänzung zur Ermittlung und Darstellungen weiterer Formen des Pendelns der Erwerbsbevölkerung.Am Fallbeispiel des Bundeslandes Nordrhein-Westfalen werden im Folgenden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der übereinstimmenden Pendlerverflechtungen auf Basis von Mobilfunkdaten und der amtlichen Pendlerrechnung erörtert. Dabei gehen wir auf die Herausforderungen der Aufbereitung und Definition geeigneter Mobilfunkdaten durch den Datenanbieter sowie weitere Einflüsse auf die Mobilfunkdaten, wie bspw. durch die zurückgelegte Distanz oder die Verweilzeiten mobiler Aktivitäten, ein. Besonders die Unterschätzung der mobilen Pendlerströme im Vergleich zur amtlichen Pendlerrechnung legt nahe, Modifizierungsansätze der Mobilfunkdaten zu diskutieren. Im Ergebnis können die vorliegenden Mobilfunkdaten potenziell die amtliche Pendlerrechnung durch kleinräumige Pendlerbewegungen in Städten in Form einer erweiterten Zielorts-Bestimmung unterstützen und die Identifizierung von stark frequentierten Arbeitsorten in Städten ermöglichen.
Achieving a ‘Good AI Society’: Comparing the Aims and Progress of the EU and the US
Authors: Roberts Huw , Cowls Josh , Hine Emmie , Mazzi Francesca , Tsamados Andreas , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, there has been a proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) strategies, released by governments around the world, that seek to maximise the benefits of AI and minimise potential harms. This article provides a comparative analysis of the European Union (EU) and the United States’ (US) AI strategies and considers (i) the visions of a ‘Good AI Society’ that are forwarded in key policy documents and their opportunity costs, (ii) the extent to which the implementation of each vision is living up to stated aims and (iii) the consequences that these differing visions of a ‘Good AI Society’ have for transatlantic cooperation. The article concludes by comparing the ethical desirability of each vision and identifies areas where the EU, and especially the US, need to improve in order to achieve ethical outcomes and deepen cooperation.
Clinical expert consensus document on intravascular ultrasound from the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics (2021)
Authors: Saito Yuichi , Kobayashi Yoshio , Fujii Kenichi , Sonoda Shinjo , Tsujita Kenichi , Hibi Kiyoshi , Morino Yoshihiro , Okura Hiroyuki , Ikari Yuji , Honye Junko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides precise anatomic information in coronary arteries including quantitative measurements and morphological assessment. To standardize the IVUS analysis in the current era, this updated expert consensus document summarizes the methods of measurements and assessment of IVUS images and the clinical evidence of IVUS use in percutaneous coronary intervention.
Implicit Metaethical Intuitions: Validating and Employing a New IAT Procedure
Authors: Wagner Johannes M. J. , Pölzler Thomas , Wright Jennifer C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhilosophical arguments often assume that the folk tends towards moral objectivism. Although recent psychological studies have indicated that lay persons’ attitudes to morality are best characterized in terms of non-objectivism-leaning pluralism, it has been maintained that the folk may be committed to moral objectivismimplicitly. Since the studies conducted so far almost exclusively assessed subjects’ metaethical attitudes via explicit cognitions, the strength of this rebuttal remains unclear. The current study attempts to test the folk’s implicit metaethical commitments. We present results of a newly developed Implicit Association Test (IAT) for metaethical attitudes which indicate that the folk generally tend towards moral non-objectivism on the implicit level as well. We discuss implications of this finding for the philosophical debate.
The Gender Gap in Brazilian Entomology: an Analysis of the Academic Scenario
Authors: Hipólito Juliana , Shirai Leila Teruko , Halinski Rosana , Guidolin Aline Sartori , da Silva Dias Pini Nivia , Soares Pires Carmen Sílvia , Querino Ranyse Barbosa , Quintela Eliane Dias , Gouveia Fontes Eliana Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although women are about half of world’s population, they are underrepresented in many sectors including academia and the research scenario in general. Gender gap in Entomology has been pointed out in other publications; however, data for Brazil has never been demonstrated. Here we provide a diagnosis for the Brazilian Entomology scenario in order to contribute to propositions towards disentangling the gender gap in general. We analyzed scientometric data for Brazilian Entomology focusing on gender disparity and on personal perceptions related to the gender gap through an online questionnaire. We detected a pervasive gender bias in which the scissor-shaped curve is the most representative effect of it: women were the majority in lower degree stages but the minority in higher degree stages (permanent positions and positions of prestige and power). We also observed mentorship bias and discussed these results in light of intersectionality and the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender differences were perceived differently by the questionnaire respondents considering age, gender, and parenting. With this data and analyses, we have provided elements to stimulate and support change to a healthier and more equitable academic space.
Microbial activity and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of soil under the cultivation of spring rape with the Roundup 360 SL herbicide
Authors: Jezierska-Tys Stefania , Joniec Jolanta , Mocek-Płóciniak Agnieszka , Gałązka Anna , Bednarz Joanna , Furtak Karolina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The use of glyphosate in agriculture raises a lot of controversy because research concerning its impact on the soil provides contradictory information. However, despite these negative opinions, glyphosate is still used in agricultural practice. Therefore, for a more complete assessment, the authors carried out research using traditional microbiological methods and a modern method of metabolic profile analysis in glyphosate-treated soil.

Methods
The study was carried out on the soil witch was sown with six cultivars of rapeseed. Seven days before harvest, the plants were sprayed with the herbicide. The analyses consisted in determining the number of selected groups of microorganisms, biochemical and enzymatic activity, and differentiation of the catabolic potential of soil microbial communities.

Results
The results showed significant changes in the analyzed parameters. Respiratory activity and ammonification processes were stimulated in the treatments with rapeseed cultivation treated with the herbicide. Changes in the enzymatic activity were generally positive. The EcoPlate assessment of microbial community catabolism showed that the highest activity was recorded in the soil sown with the cultivars Belinda, Tamarin, and Sw svinto. Concurrently, these soils were characterized by the highest correlations between rapeseed cultivar and metabolic activity.

Conclusion
Cultivation of specific plant varieties that reduce the negative effect of herbicides used in agriculture may be one of the methods to prevent soil degradation. In our research, Belinda turned out to be a cultivar, under the cultivation of which an increase in the activity of microorganisms was recorded most frequently compared to soil not sown with rapeseed.
Screening of grapevine red blotch virus in two European ampelographic collections
Authors: Reynard Jean-Sébastien , Brodard Justine , Dubuis Nathalie , Kellenberger Isabelle , Spilmont Anne-Sophie , Roquis David , Maliogka Varvara , Marchal Cécile , Dedet Sandrine , Gning Ophélie , Croll Daniel , Gindro Katia , Schumpp Olivier , Spring Jean-Laurent , Lacombe Thierry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently identified virus that infects grapevine and has a severe impact on the grape industry in North America. Since the first description of the virus 8 years ago, clear progress has been made regarding our understanding of the GRBV pathosystem. However, questions remain regarding the origin of this pathogen and its spread outside North America, especially in Europe. In this study, we present the results of a large-scale GRBV survey in two European repositories; we targeted Vitis spp. accessions with diverse geographical origins. Of 816 accessions from different origins (50 different countries around the world), six accessions were infected by GRBV, all of which originated from the United States. We investigated the DNA virome of 155 grapevine accessions from the Swiss grapevine collection using high-throughput sequencing. We observed that virome of the Swiss grapevine collection was composed of several RNA viruses. In contrast, we did not detect any DNA viruses in the 155 Swiss grapevine accessions. This finding suggests that the abundance of DNA viruses infecting grapevines in Switzerland is either very low or non-existent. Our results and the findings of studies published since 2008 show that GRBV most likely originated in North America and subsequently spread to other viticultural areas in the world via unintentional movement of infected cuttings. According to our data, the most plausible scenario for the origin of GRBV is that the virus evolved from non-Vitis vinifera hosts and underwent a host jump to Vitis vinifera after its introduction to North America in the 1600s.
Virulence of Icelandic Pyrenophora teres f. teres populations and resistance of Icelandic spring barley lines
Authors: Novakazi Fluturë , Göransson Magnus , Stefánsson Tryggvi Sturla , Hokka Marjo , Jalli Marja , Hallsson Jón Hallsteinn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe causal agent of the barley net blotch disease, Pyrenophora teres, is known for its high level of diversity due to sexual reproduction. Different pathotypes, defined by a virulence combination, even within the same fields are frequently found and virulence between locations can vary considerably. Evaluation of virulence patterns of a pathogen population is essential for breeding resistant cultivars suitable for specific locations. To identify virulence patterns in Icelandic Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) isolates, twenty single spore isolates of Ptt were collected from seven locations in Iceland and analysed with AFLP markers. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed Icelandic Ptt isolates clustering away from reference isolates from Austria, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and USA. Hierarchical clustering grouped the Icelandic isolates into three distinct groups. Furthermore, the virulence of these twenty isolates was tested on 16 barley differential lines and revealed high variation in their virulence. Twenty-one barley cultivars commonly used in Iceland showed high susceptibility towards inoculation with Icelandic Ptt isolates.
Enhanced Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Severity Classification by Combining Signal Processing with Resampling Techniques
Authors: AlMahadin Ghayth , Lotfi Ahmad , Carthy Marie Mc , Breedon Philip 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTremor is an indicative symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Healthcare professionals have clinically evaluated the tremor as part of the Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) which is inaccurate, subjective and unreliable. In this study, a novel approach to enhance the tremor severity classification is proposed. The proposed approach is a combination of signal processing and resampling techniques; over-sampling, under-sampling and a hybrid combination. Resampling techniques are integrated with well-known classifiers, such as artificial neural network based on multi-layer perceptron (ANN-MLP) and random forest (RF). Advanced metrics are calculated to evaluate the proposed approaches such as area under the curve (AUC), geometric mean (Gmean) and index of balanced accuracy (IBA). The results show that over-sampling techniques performed better than other resampling techniques, also hybrid techniques performed better than under-sampling techniques. The proposed approach improved tremor severity classification significantly and show that the best approach to classify tremor severity is the combination of ANN-MLP with Borderline SMOTE which has obtained 93.81% overall accuracy, 96% Gmean, 91% IBA and 99% AUC. Besides, it is found that different resampling techniques performed differently with different classifiers.