bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A diet-specific microbiota drives Salmonella Typhimurium to adapt its in vivo response to plant-derived substrates
Authors: Prax Nicoletta , Wagner Stefanie , Schardt Jakob , Neuhaus Klaus , Clavel Thomas , Fuchs Thilo M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the complex interactions between the diet, the gut microbiota, and enteropathogens. Here, the impact of two specific diets on the composition of the mouse gut microbiota and on the transcriptional response of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was analyzed in an enteritis model.

Results
Mice were fed for two weeks a fibre-rich, plant-based diet (PD), or a Westernized diet (WD) rich in animal fat and proteins and in simple sugars, and then infected with an invasin-negative S. Typhimurium strain ST4/74 following streptomycin-treatment. Seventy-two hours post infection, fecal pathogen loads were equal in both diet groups, suggesting that neither of the diets had negatively influenced the ability of this ST4/74 strain to colonize and proliferate in the gut at this time point. To define its diet-dependent gene expression pattern, S. Typhimurium was immunomagnetically isolated from the gut content, and its transcriptome was analyzed. A total of 66 genes were more strongly expressed in mice fed the plant-based diet. The majority of these genes was involved in metabolic functions degrading substrates of fruits and plants. Four of them are part of the gat gene cluster responsible for the uptake and metabolism of galactitol and D-tagatose. In line with this finding, 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis revealed higher relative abundance of bacterial families able to degrade fiber and nutritive carbohydrates in PD-fed mice in comparison with those nourished with a WD. Competitive mice infection experiments performed with strain ST4/74 and ST4/74 ΔSTM3254 lacking tagatose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase, which is essential for galactitol and tagatose utilization, did not reveal a growth advantage of strain ST4/74 in the gastrointestinal tract of mice fed plant-based diet as compared to the deletion mutant.

Conclusion
A Westernized diet and a plant-based diet evoke distinct transcriptional responses of S. Typhimurium during infection that allows the pathogen to adapt its metabolic activities to the diet-derived nutrients. This study therefore provides new insights into the dynamic interplay between nutrient availability, indigenous gut microbiota, and proliferation of S. Typhimurium.
Development of Effective Bidentate Diphosphine Ligands of Ruthenium Catalysts toward Practical Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Yoshioka Shota , Wen Ke , Saito Susumu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrogenation of carboxylic acids (CAs) to alcohols represents one of the most ideal reduction methods for utilizing abundant CAs as alternative carbon and energy sources. However, systematic studies on the effects of metal-to-ligand relationships on the catalytic activity of metal complex catalysts are scarce. We previously demonstrated a rational methodology for CA hydrogenation, in which CA-derived cationic metal carboxylate [(PP)M(OCOR)]+ (M = Ru and Re; P = one P coordination) served as the catalyst prototype for CA self-induced CA hydrogenation. Herein, we report systematic trial-and-error studies on how we could achieve higher catalytic activity by modifying the structure of bidentate diphosphine (PP) ligands of molecular Ru catalysts. Carbon chains connecting two P atoms as well as Ar groups substituted on the P atoms of PP ligands were intensively varied, and the induction of active Ru catalysts from precatalyst Ru(acac)3 was surveyed extensively. As a result, the activity and durability of the (PP)Ru catalyst substantially increased compared to those of other molecular Ru catalyst systems, including our original Ru catalysts. The results validate our approach for improving the catalyst performance, which would benefit further advancement of CA self-induced CA hydrogenation.
The Effects of Cranial Cryotherapy on Hemodynamics and Cognition in Healthy Adults
Authors: Lempke Landon B. , Fraser John J. , Erdman Nicholas K. , Barone Nicholas A. , Saliba Susan , Resch Jacob E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to determine the effects of superficial cranial cryotherapy on cortical hemodynamics and neurocognitive performance in healthy young adults.MethodsThirty-four healthy individuals (21.3 ± 1.6 yr; 173.8 ± 10.6 cm; 73.3 ± 12.5 kg) participated. Cortical hemodynamic changes over the left prefrontal cortex was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) throughout the study timeline. All participants were seated in a quiet room and for a 5-min period of cognitive rest before administration of the Stroop Test (CNS Vital Signs) followed by another 5-min period of cognitive rest. Participants were randomizeda priorito either the cryotherapy (CryoHelmet™) or control group for 20 min while seated in an isolated quiet room. After the intervention, each group completed a 5-min cognitive rest period, a postintervention Stroop Test, and a final 5-min cognitive rest period. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess cortical hemodynamics (oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin) and Stroop Test outcome scores across time (pre– and post–Stroop Test administration, during intervention, and before and after intervention).ResultsNo significant group–time interactions were observed between groups for oxygenated hemoglobin or deoxygenated hemoglobin (P> 0.05). Cryotherapy participants committed significantly fewer Stroop Test errors than did control participants after intervention (0.7 ± 0.26 vs 1.2 ± 0.23;P= 0.05, η2p= 0.12).ConclusionsSuperficial cranial cryotherapy did not significantly influence cortical hemodynamics in this healthy sample. Statistically significant improvements in neurocognitive performance in the intervention group occurred but are negligible in their clinical meaningfulness. Future studies should examine cortical hemodynamic change in pathological populations and determine the clinical utility of superficial cranial cryotherapy.
Cognitive Testing and Exercise to Assess the Readiness to Return to Play After a Concussion
Authors: Sicard Veronik , Lortie Jean-Christophe , Moore Robert Davis , Ellemberg Dave 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe decision to clear an athlete to return to play (RTP) after a concussion is critical given the potential consequences of premature RTP. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate more sensitive ways to assess readiness for RTP. We examined postexercise cognitive assessment in recently concussed and asymptomatic university athletes who were cleared to RTP.MethodsForty recently concussed athletes and 40 control athletes without a history of concussion participated in the study. Athletes completed a switch task preexercise and postexercise (20 min on an ergometer at 80% maximal heart rate). A series of one-way ANOVA were performed to compare accuracy and response time between the concussion and the control groups on the switch task. Given that the clinical recovery of the participants in the concussion group could be heterogeneous, we also ran χ2tests to identify the presence of subgroups. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether a group difference existed in the proportion of concussed participants who underperformed.ResultsNo difference between the concussion and control groups was observed for reaction time. However, a significant group difference was found for accuracy, with athletes from the concussion group exhibiting lower accuracy relative to the control group. Irrespective of condition (rest, postexercise), up to 30% of athletes from the concussion group were 2 SD lower when compared with the control group's average score. A third of the athletes only exhibited deficits after exercise.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of considering interindividual differences in recovery trajectories. Although asymptomatic and cleared to RTP, an important portion of athletes had not completely recovered from their concussion. Fortunately, these athletes can be readily identified by using sensitive cognitive tests administered after a moderate-to-vigorous exercise.
Associations between Habitual Sedentary Behavior and Endothelial Cell Health
Authors: Duran Andrea T. , Garber Carol Ewing , Ensari Ipek , Shimbo Daichi , Diaz Keith M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Endothelial dysfunction is a mechanism that may explain the link between prolonged sedentary time and cardiovascular disease. However, the relation between habitual sedentary (SED) behavior and endothelial function has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of accelerometer-measured SED with markers of endothelial cell health. Healthy adult participants (N = 83; 43.4% male; 25.5 ± 5.8 yr old) were examined. SED was measured for 7 d by accelerometer. Endothelial function measures included endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV), endothelial microparticles (EMP) [CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42− EMP], and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) [CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ and CD34+/KDR+ EPC]. Participants were classified as having low or high SED based on a median split. Participants in the low and high SED group spent a mean ± SD of 8.6 ± 1.1 and 11.1 ± 1.0 h·d−1 in SED, respectively. No significant differences between the low and the high SED groups were detected in mean (95% confidence interval): EDV, 2.51 (2.21–2.81) versus 2.36 (2.07–2.64), P = 0.50; EMP, CD62E+ = 6.70 (6.55–6.84) versus 6.56 (6.42–6.69), P = 0.20, CD31+/CD42− = 6.26 (6.10–6.42) versus 6.18 (6.03–6.33), P = 0.50; or EPC, CD34+/KDR+ = 11.91 (9.23–14.48) × 10−2 versus 14.87 (12.41–17.32) × 10−2, P = 0.13, CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ = 1.84 (1.28–2.39) × 10−2 versus 2.17 (1.64–2.70) × 10−2, P = 0.43. Among healthy adults, habitual SED was not associated with markers of endothelial cell health.
Recess Should NOT Be Cut: Considerations for COVID-19 School Reopening Plans
Authors: Clevenger Kimberly A. , Pfeiffer Karin A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Physical inactivity is an important health concern for children. Children spend the bulk of their days during most times of the year in school, and school outdoor time (recess) contributes up to 70% of children’s weekday physical activity. Recess confers many benefits, such as improved academic performance, better classroom behavior, lower stress, and improved social skills. Although the COVID-19 crisis has resulted in closure of schools nationwide, school officials will need to consider all aspects of keeping children healthy when they return to school. Public health officials and exercise professionals may be asked to provide guidance to school officials regarding strategies for implementing recess. Eliminating recess should not be one of those strategies. Although a number of other strategies (e.g., designating areas of the schoolyard for each class) have been proposed to limit virus transmission during recess, this commentary translates science on recess to general guidelines and specific strategies that can be followed, specifically in the context of maintaining the benefits of recess. Keeping children healthy upon return to school is paramount, and allowing participation in recess is a key component to promoting children’s health in schools.
Morphological and genetic evaluation of the thumbprint emperor, Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans
Authors: Afrisal Muhammad , Iwatsuki Yukio , Burhanuddin Andi Iqbal 
Published: March 2021

Background: The Lethrinidae (emperors) include many important food fish species. Accurate determination of species and stocks is important for fisheries management. The taxonomy of the genus Lethrinus is problematic, for example with regards to the identification of the thumbprint emperor Lethrinus harak. Little research has been done on L. harak diversity in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic characters of the thumbprint emperor, L. harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods: This research was conducted in the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, and Division of Fisheries Science, University of Miyazaki. Morphometric character measurements were based on holotype character data, while genetic analysis was performed on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data. Morphometric data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) statistical tests in MINITAB, and genetic data were analysed in MEGA 6. Results: Statistical test results based on morphometric characters revealed groupings largely representative of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Seychelles was separated from other Indian Ocean sites and Australian populations were closer to the Pacific than the Indian Ocean group. The genetic distance between the groups was in the low category (0.000 - 0.042). The phylogenetic topology reconstruction accorded well with the morphometric character analysis, with two main L. harak clades representing Indian and Pacific Ocean, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean clade. Conclusions: These results indicate that the morphological character size of L. harak from Makassar and the holotype from Saudi Arabia have changed. Genetic distance and phylogeny reconstruction are closely related to low genetic distance.
Prevalence and predictors of medication non-adherence among patients with multimorbidity: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Foley Louise , Larkin James , Lombard-Vance Richard , Murphy Andrew W. , Molloy Gerard J. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Patients with multimorbidity are expected to adhere to complex medication regimens in order to manage their multiple chronic conditions. It has been reported the likelihood of adherence decreases as patients are prescribed more medications. Much medication adherence research to date is dominated by a single-disease focus, which is at odds with the rising prevalence of multimorbidity and may artificially underestimate the complexity of managing chronic illness. This review aims to describe the prevalence of medication non-adherence among patients with multimorbidity, and to identify potential predictors of non-adherence in this population. Methods: A systematic review will be conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO will be searched using a predefined search strategy from 2009–2019. Quantitative studies will be considered eligible for review if prevalence of medication non-adherence among adults with two or more chronic conditions is reported. Studies will be included in the review if available in English full text. Titles and abstracts will be screened by single review, with 20% of screening cross-checked by a second reviewer. Full-text articles will be screened by two independent reviewers, noting reasons for exclusions. Data extraction will be performed using a predefined extraction form. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted using criteria for observational studies outlined by Sanderson et al. (2007). A narrative synthesis and, if feasible, meta-analysis will be conducted. Discussion: By exploring medication non-adherence from a multimorbidity perspective, the review aims to inform an evidence base for intervention development which accounts for the rising prevalence of patients with multiple chronic conditions. Study registration: The systematic review is prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019133849); registered on 12 June 2019.
A note on sasanian-buddhist object of Gyeongju National Museum
Authors: Akbarzadeh Daryoosh 
Published: March 2021

A note on sasanian-buddhist object of Gyeongju National Museum
Although Korean and late Sasanian texts are silent about mutual relations, archaeological evidences provide a different perspective. This paper deals with an object known at Gyeongju National Museum of the Republic of Korea. The loop was discovered in Bunhwangsa Buddhist Temple in Geun-jik (Gyeongju) region in 2001. Gyeongju’s loop includes a round form made of clay, with a pearly chain (running) in the border and two birds (ducks most probably) appearing in the center of the motif while they are trying to hold a stalk of a herb. Many scholarly works have been published about it and interpreted it as the ‘tree of life.’The author believes that this herb (as distinct from a plant) is a sacred lotus. In fact, the birds try to hold it in their beaks. So, an expert creator of the object used known Sasanian artistic elements on the one hand and combined them with a famous Buddhist element on the other hand. It ispossible the creator attempted to immortalize his work with this sacred lotus: in a Buddhist temple, only such an element was allowed to be introduced.
Facial pressure injuries and the COVID-19 pandemic: skin protection care to enhance staff safety in an acute hospital setting
Authors: Moore Zena , McEvoy Natalie L , Avsar Pinar , McEvoy Linda , Curley Gerard , O'Connor Tom , Budri Aglecia , Nugent Linda , Walsh Simone , Bourke Frank , Patton Declan 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a specially designed care bundle on the development of facial pressure injuries (PI) among frontline healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of facial PIs. The secondary outcomes of interest were facial pain while wearing PPE and ease of use of the care bundle. Methods: This study used a voluntary survey by questionnaire, supplemented by a qualitative analysis of interviews from a small purposive sample that took place in one large Irish hospital over a two-month period in 2020. The hospital was a city-based public university teaching hospital with 800 inpatient beds. The intervention was a care bundle consisting of skin protection, face mask selection, material use, skin inspection, cleansing and hydration developed in line with international best practice guidelines. All staff working in COVID-19 wards, intensive care units and the emergency department in the hospital were given a kitbag containing the elements of the care bundle plus an information pamphlet. Data were collected via a survey and interviews. Results: A total of 114 staff provided feedback on the use of the care bundle. Before using the care bundle 29% (n=33) of the respondents reported developing a facial PI, whereas after using the care bundle only 8% (n=9) of the respondents reported developing a facial PI. The odds ratio (OR) of skin injury development was 4.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15–10.49; p=0.0001), suggesting that after the care bundle was issued, those who responded to the survey were almost five times less likely to develop a skin injury. Interviews with 14 staff determined that the bundle was easy to use and safe. Conclusion: Among those who responded to the survey, the use of the bundle was associated with a reduction in the incidence of skin injury from 29% to 8%, and respondents found the bundle easy to use, safe and effective. As with evidence from the international literature, this study has identified that when skincare is prioritised, and a systematic preventative care bundle approach is adopted, there are clear benefits for the individuals involved.
<p><strong>Immature stages and natural history of the butterfly <em>Actinote brylla</em> Oberthür (Heliconiinae: Acraeini)</strong></p>
Authors: FRANCINI RONALDO BASTOS , SILVA-FILHO EDNALDO FERREIRA 
Published: March 2021

The butterfly Actinote brylla was described by Oberthür in 1917; since then, no work describing the life cycle of the species has been officially published. This paper aimed to describe the life cycle of A. brylla. The early stages, larval host plant and oviposition behavior were described after the creation of individuals collected in the region of “Baixada Santista”, the coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Actinote brylla uses Mikania lundiana as a host plant, with eggs being placed on the abaxial face of the leaf and ranging from 12 to 836 eggs in a cluster. Egg is barrel shaped with 18 to 22 longitudinal grooves and weakly marked horizontal ridges. Soon after laying, eggs are light white-yellowish gradually changing to red during the first 72 hours, ovules non-fecundated remains yellow. The caterpillars go through seven instars until pupation, the larvae are gregarious until the penultimate instar. The pupa is yellowish green in the early hours, after hardening, the coloring is cream with dark brown markings on wing cases and abdomen. The duration of all life cycle (egg to adult) ranged from 93 to 123 days. Key words: Mikania lundiana, superoviposition, egg cluster, Chaetotaxy
Anisotropic Raman scattering and intense broadband second-harmonic generation in tellurium nanosheets
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Mao Yu , Kislyakov Ivan M. , Dong Ningning , Chen Chenduan , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2021

Tellurium (Te) is a novel elementary material, which has recently attracted extensive attention due to its intriguing physical properties, such as topological, thermoelectric, and photoelectric properties. Further study on Te crystal structures will help to understand its properties and facilitate its application. Here, the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy has been employed to study Te crystal symmetry. Three different Raman vibration modes were obtained, each of which possess a different polarization dependence. Furthermore, it is revealed that Te nanosheets show a second-order harmonic response over a wide spectrum and have the greatest conversion efficiency at an excitation wavelength of 880 nm. Its second-order nonlinear susceptibility is estimated to be

2049

p
m

V

−
1

. This substantial nonlinear optical response endows Te nanosheets with the potential for developing nonlinear photonic and optoelectronic nanodevices with high efficiency.
Bone sporotrichosis: 41 cases from a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Vanessa , Astacio Guis S-M. , do Valle Antonio C. F. , de Macedo Priscila M. , Lyra Marcelo R. , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo , Oliveira Manoel M. E. , Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely M. , Brandão Luciana G. P. , Quintana Marcel S. B. , Gutierrez-Galhardo Maria Clara , Freitas Dayvison F. S. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Bone sporotrichosis is rare. The metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro is hyperendemic for zoonotic sporotrichosis and the bone presentations are increasing.

Methods
We studied a retrospective cohort of 41 cases of bone sporotrichosis, diagnosed from 1999–2016. The inclusion criteria was fungal culture isolation from any clinical specimen associated to bone involvement (radiography and/or computed tomography) compatible with fungal osteomyelitis or histopathological findings of bone material compatible with sporotrichosis. Molecular identification was performed when possible.

Results
Male patients represented 58.5% of the cases, with a cohort median age of 43 years. Immunosuppressive conditions were present in 68.3% of the patients, mostly HIV coinfection (51.2%). Multifocal bone involvement (more than one anatomical segment) was diagnosed in 61% of the patients, while 39% presented unifocal involvement. The bones of the hands were the most affected (58.5%), followed by the feet (41.5%) and tibia (26.8%). Multifocal group was characterized by a higher proportion of males (p = 0.0045) with immunosuppressive conditions (p = 0.0014). Amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole was the main treatment, with a median time of 16.7 months (1.5 to 99.2 months), and cure of 53.7% of the patients (84.6% of immunocompetent and 39.3% of immunocompromised patients). Sequelae occurred in 12.2% of the patients—amputations (7.3%) and ankylosis (4.9%), while 22% died in the course of the disease. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the causative agent in all the 9 (22%) performed cases.

Conclusions
Bone sporotrichosis is a chronic, challenging condition with prolonged treatment, often with poor results and sequelae.