bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative research study on the illness perception of chronic pruritus in older Asian adults based on the Common‐Sense Model of self‐regulation
Authors: Moosa Aminath Shiwaza , Leng Natasha Sheng Yeng , Kum Chui Lien , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic pruritus (CP), itch lasting more than 6 weeks, is common in community‐dwelling older adults. Understanding their illness perception allows the attending physician to develop a personalised care plan to mitigate CP.AimThis study explores the illness perception of CP among older Asian adults in an urban community.DesignQualitative research was conducted, framed by the Common‐Sense Model of self‐regulation (CSM). Through in‐depth interviews (IDIs), qualitative data were gathered from Asian patients with CP, and then a thematic analysis was carried out. The emergent themes were grouped according to the five domains of CSM: ‘identity’, ‘cause’, ‘time’, ‘controllability’ and ‘consequence’.Setting and PatientsIDIs were conducted in a Singapore public primary care clinic before the data were saturated.ResultsThe CSM domains illustrate the illness perception of CP. CP was identified as a ‘problem’ rather than a disease and was often described in metaphor. Patients' perception of the cause was diverse due to the lack of provision of a clear explanation by their physicians. They opined that CP continued indefinitely. Without definite time to resolution, patients adapted their help‐ and health‐seeking behaviours to control it. The consequences included therapeutic experimentation, alternative therapy, self‐isolation, avoidance behaviours, emotional disturbance and dermatological complications.Conclusion and Patient ContributionPatients provided information on their perception of CP, which aligned with the CSM. A multipronged approach is needed to deliver holistic and personalised care to patients with CP, providing clarity on its natural progression, to set their expectations on its timeline, treatment effectiveness and undertake appropriate behaviour modification to adapt to its chronicity.
LOC100996425 acts as a promoter in prostate cancer by mediating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A and the AMPK/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Xiuyan , Song Bin , Zang Mingcui , Ji He , Yang He , Jiang Shuang , Yang Xiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe involvement of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), differentially expressed genes and signals in prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a subject of investigation. This study determined effects of LOC100996425 on human PCa by targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. PCa and adjacent normal tissues were obtained to characterize expression pattern of LOC100996425, HNF4A and the AMPK/mTOR pathway‐related genes. Then, the target gene of LOC100996425 was determined with lncRNA target prediction website and further verification was obtained through luciferase assay and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation. After that, PCa cells were introduced with LOC100996425, HNF4A, siLOC100996425 or siHNF4A to explore the specific significance of LOC100996425 and HNF4A in PCa. The mechanism associated with AMPK/mTOR pathway was investigated using AMPK inhibitor or activator. LOC100996425 was up‐regulated, while HNF4A was down‐regulated in the PCa tissues. HNF4A was a target gene of LOC100996425. PCa cells transfected with either siLOC100996425 or HNF4A displayed reduced rates of PCa cell proliferation and migration while elevating cell apoptosis. HNF4A overexpression reversed the promotive effect of LOC100996425 overexpression on PCa. The activation of AMPK pathway involved in the cancer progression mediated by LOC100996425. Down‐regulation of LOC100996425 retards progression of PCa through HNF4A‐mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway.
A discrete event simulation to evaluate impact of radiology process changes on emergency department computed tomography access
Authors: Maass Kayse Lee , Halter Elizabeth , Huschka Todd R. , Sir Mustafa Y. , Nordland Michelle R. , Pasupathy Kalyan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospitals face the challenge of managing demand for limited computed tomography (CT) resources from multiple patient types while ensuring timely access.MethodsA discrete event simulation model was created to evaluate CT access time for emergency department (ED) patients at a large academic medical center with six unique CT machines that serve unscheduled emergency, semi‐scheduled inpatient, and scheduled outpatient demand. Three operational interventions were tested: adding additional patient transporters, using an alternative creatinine lab, and adding a registered nurse dedicated to monitoring CT patients in the ED.ResultsAll interventions improved access times. Adding one or two transporters improved ED access times by up to 9.8 minutes (Mann‐Whitney (MW) CI: [−11.0,−8.7]) and 10.3 minutes (MW CI [−11.5, −9.2]). The alternative creatinine and RN interventions provided 3‐minute (MW CI: [−4.0, −2.0]) and 8.5‐minute (MW CI: [−9.7, −8.3]) improvements.ConclusionsAdding one transporter provided the greatest combination of reduced delay and ability to implement. The projected simulation improvements have been realized in practice.
Robust estimates of insurance misrepresentation through kernel quantile regression mixtures
Authors: Li Hong , Song Qifan , Su Jianxi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper pertains to a class of nonparametric methods for studying the misrepresentation issue in insurance applications. For this purpose, mixture models based on quantile regression in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces are employed. Compared with the existing parametric approaches, the proposed framework features a more flexible statistics structure which could alleviate the risk of model misspecification, and is in the meantime more robust to outliers in the data. The proposed framework can not only estimate the prevalence of misrepresentation in the data, but also help identify the most suspicious individuals for the validation purpose. Through embedding state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques, we present a novel statistics procedure to efficiently estimate the proposed misrepresentation model in the presence of massive data. The proposed methodology is applied to study the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, and a significant degree of misrepresentation activity is found on the self‐reported insurance status.
The problem of evil: An economic approach
Authors: Parro Francisco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper develops an economic model to study the philosophical problem of evil. God's creation of the world is modeled as a problem of optimal incentives. A principal (God) must choose a world so that the populating agents behave according to his benevolent objective. In a world, the physical environment resembles a contract that determines the rewards and punishments for different choices. The agents' behavioral rule determines how they respond to these incentives. I characterize a contract and a behavioral rule that solve the principal's problem, and evil is evidenced. Specifically, evil endogenously aligns the agents' actions with the principal's objective. Other insights on the origin, cause, and role of evil are also derived from the model. The result of this analysis is a theodicy arisen from an economic model. As a byproduct, this paper shows how an economic model can be used to study philosophical or theological questions.
Exploring paramedicine student preferences using Holland's vocational theory: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: van Huizen Pheona , Mason Rod , Williams Brett 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHolland's RIASEC typology is a classification of vocational personality types and work environments. Having a predisposition for their vocation, in terms of a personality that is congruent to their work environment, may be protective for paramedics with regards to both their mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to identify paramedicine students' vocational preference according to Holland's RIASEC model. Bachelor of Paramedicine degree students in the three different year levels completed the 48‐item Brief RIASEC Marker Scales to determine their order of the six RIASEC personality types. In this study, the paramedicine students' three most dominant personality types were Social‐Investigative‐Artistic, differing from the defined Holland Occupational Code for paramedics of Realistic‐Social‐Investigative. Male students scored significantly higher on the Reality personality type, whereas female students scored significantly higher on the Social personality type. Overall, this study found many students to possess two of the three dominant personality traits that form the desired Holland code for paramedics. This suggests that many students may be better able to cope with the demands of the paramedicine profession upon employment.
Pediatric KT in children up to 15 kg: A single‐center experience
Authors: Exeni Andrea Mariana , Falke German Fernando , Montal Silvina , Rigali María Paula , Cisnero Débora Raquel , Berberian Leandro , Marchionatti Sofia , Heredia Soledad , Allegrotti Hernán Eduardo , Torres Silvio Fabio , Russo Ricardo Daniel , Rozanec José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundKT is the preferred treatment for ESRD in pediatrics. However, it may be challenging in those weighing ≤15 kg with potential complications that impact on morbidity and graft loss.MethodsThis retrospective review reports our experience in KT in children, weighing ≤15 kg, and the strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality.ResultsAll patients were on RRT prior to KT. Patients reached ESRD mainly due to urologic malformations (54.54%). LD was performed in 82% of patients. The recipient's median age was 2.83 years, and median weight 12.280 kg. Male sex was predominant (73%). All patients required transfusions of PRBCs. There was a high requirement for ventilated support in patients post‐KT with no relation to weight, amount of resuscitation used intra‐operatively or ml/kg of PRBCs.One patient presented with stenosis of the native renal artery. No patients presented DGF, graft thrombosis, or surgical complications.No association was found between cold ischemia and eGFR at 1 year (p = .12). In univariate analysis, eGFR at 1 year is related to AR. eGFR at 3 years is related to the number of UTI. Median follow‐up was 1363 days. Patient and graft survival were 100%.ConclusionsKT in children ≤15 kg can be challenging and requires a meticulous perioperative management and surgical expertise. Patient and graft survival are excellent with low rate of complications.
The “Good Citizen” as a “Respectable Worker:” State, Unemployment, and Social Policy in the United Kingdom and Italy, 1930 to 1950
Authors: Mioni Michele 
Published: July 2021

This article approaches “good citizenship(s)” in its historical connection with the status of “worker.” It scrutinizes how and to what extent the perception of the “good citizen” changed from the Great Depression to the foundations of the post‐war welfare state. It compares unemployment policies in the United Kingdom and Italy from the 1930s to the early 1950s, to grasp how these schemes reflected the shifting features of “good citizenship(s).” The article emphasizes policy legacies that reshaped citizenship and the attached social rights after 1945. These continuities rest in the link between the full participation to the political community and “work” as a distinguishing trait of the “good citizen” deserving social benefits. Apparently diluted by the post‐war “Marshallian consensus,” these deep‐seated understandings resurfaced with contemporary workfare systems. The connection between “good citizenship” and “work” lends itself to further transdisciplinary studies on the theoretical and political foundations of today's welfare systems.Related Articles in this Special IssueBarrault‐Stella, Lorenzo, and Thomas Douniès. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Citizenship as a Tool of Government in Europe.”Politics & Policy49 (4).Ewert, Benjamin. 2021. “Citizenship as a Form of Anticipatory Obedience? Implications of Preventive Health Policy in Germany.”Politics & Policy49 (4).Haapajärvi, Linda. 2021. “On the Importance of Playing House: Belonging‐Work and the Making of Relational Citizens in Finnish Immigrant Integration Policies.”Politics & Policy49 (4).
White rot of Panax quinquefolius caused by Sclerotinia nivalis
Authors: Wang Cong‐Hao , Shang Wen‐Jing , Wang Qiang , Fan San‐Hong , Subbarao Krishna V. , Xu Xiang‐Ming , Hu Xiao‐Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmerican ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), one of the most well‐known araliaceous perennial herbs, suffered from root rots and mortality in 2020 in Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, China, leading to 40%–60% yield losses. The diseased plants initially showed unevenly yellowing foliage, and yellow‐brownish, water‐soaked roots with internal softening. Subsequently, white fluffy mycelia manifested on the surface of diseased P. quinquefolius roots, followed by the appearance of black irregular sclerotia‐like bodies. In this study, a fungal isolate (SS‐TB, GenBank no. MT830866) was obtained from the infected roots. Based on the culture morphology, pathogenicity tests and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, this isolate was identified as Sclerotinia nivalis. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotial production was 20 ℃ and 15 ℃, respectively; the optimum pH for mycelial growth and sclerotial production was pH 6.0. This isolate grew faster and produced more sclerotia on potato dextrose agar than on other media. It infected ginseng roots with or without wounds, but inoculation of wounded roots led to more severe disease. S. nivalis also infected 43 of the 48 plant species tested, including vegetables, fruits, oil crops, and flowering plants from Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Orchidaceae. It was nonpathogenic on Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Anemone vitifolia, Ipomoea batatas, and Vaccinium sp. This study is the first report of S. nivalis causing white rot on P. quinquefolius.
Violation of rhythmic expectancies can elicit late frontal gamma activity nested in theta oscillations
Authors: Edalati M. , Mahmoudzadeh M. , Safaie J. , Wallois F. , Moghimi S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRhythm processing involves building expectations according to the hierarchical temporal structure of auditory events. Although rhythm processing has been addressed in the context of predictive coding, the properties of the oscillatory response in different cortical areas are still not clear. We explored the oscillatory properties of the neural response to rhythmic incongruence and the cross‐frequency coupling between multiple frequencies to further investigate the mechanisms underlying rhythm perception. We designed an experiment to investigate the neural response to rhythmic deviations in which the tone either arrived earlier than expected or the tone in the same metrical position was omitted. These two manipulations modulate the rhythmic structure differently, with the former creating a larger violation of the general structure of the musical stimulus than the latter. Both deviations resulted in an MMN response, whereas only the rhythmic deviant resulted in a subsequent P3a. Rhythmic deviants due to the early occurrence of a tone, but not omission deviants, seemed to elicit a late high gamma response (60–80 Hz) at the end of the P3a over the left frontal region, which, interestingly, correlated with the P3a amplitude over the same region and was also nested in theta oscillations. The timing of the elicited high‐frequency gamma oscillations related to rhythmic deviation suggests that it might be related to the update of the predictive neural model, corresponding to the temporal structure of the events in higher‐level cortical areas.
Ultrasonographic anatomy of the dorsal region of the carpus of the dog
Authors: González‐Rellán Sonia , Fdz‐de‐Trocóniz Patricia , Barreiro Andrés 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dorsal region of the canine carpus is anatomically complex and its normal ultrasonographic characteristics have not been published. The aims of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study were (a) to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the dorsal carpal structures in medium to large breed dogs, and (b) to describe a standardized protocol for evaluations. The final study, based on the methodology developed in a pilot study performed in twenty‐two carpi, comprised two phases: (a) identification phase, in which a correlation between ultrasound and dissection and anatomic slices was performed in forty‐eight cadaver carpi and the ultrasonographic protocol was developed; and (b) descriptive phase, in which the ultrasonographic characteristics of the examined structures in 23 carpi of 12 alive adult and healthy dogs were recorded. The tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor muscles of the carpus and digits, the dorsal ligaments of the carpus – including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments – the extensor retinaculum, a distal radioulnar fibrocartilage and the regional osseous surfaces were ultrasonographically identified and described. Findings from the current study can be used as a reference for ultrasonographic examinations in dogs with injuries or other diseases affecting the dorsal region of the carpus.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on the Vascular and Autonomic Components of the Baroreflex at Rest in Adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo S. , Barker Alan R. , Kranen Sascha H. , Debras Florian , Williams Craig A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: In a sample of healthy adolescents, the authors aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) training and detraining on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and it’s vascular and autonomic components at rest. Methods: Nineteen volunteers were randomly allocated to (1) 4 weeks HIIE training performed 3 times per week or (2) a control condition with no intervention for the same duration as HIIE training. PRE, POST, and following 2 weeks of detraining resting supine heart rate and blood pressure were measured, and a cross-spectral method (integrated gain [gain in low frequency]) was used to determine BRS gain. Arterial compliance (AC) was assessed as the BRS vascular component. LFgain divided by AC (LFgain/AC) was used as the autonomic determinant of BRS. Results: The HIIE training was completed with 100% compliance. HIIE did not change resting gain in low frequency (LFgain) (P = .66; effect size = 0.21), AC (P = .44; effect size = 0.36), or LFgain/AC (P = .68; effect size = 0.19) compared to control. Conclusion: Four weeks of HIIE training does not change BRS and its autonomic and vascular determinant in a sample of healthy adolescents at rest.
Late Paleoproterozoic mafic magmatism and the Kalahari craton during Columbia assembly
Authors: Djeutchou Cedric , de Kock Michiel O. , Wabo Hervé , Gaitán Camilo E. , Söderlund Ulf , Gumsley Ashley P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The 1.87–1.84 Ga Black Hills dike swarm of the Kalahari craton (South Africa) is coeval with several regional magmatic provinces used here to resolve the craton's position during Columbia assembly. We report a new 1850 ± 4 Ma (U-Pb isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry [ID-TIMS] on baddeleyite) crystallization age for one dike and new paleomagnetic data for 34 dikes of which 8 have precise U-Pb ages. Results are constrained by positive baked-contact and reversal tests, which combined with existing data produce a 1.87–1.84 Ga mean pole from 63 individual dikes. By integrating paleomagnetic and geochronological data sets, we calculate poles for three magmatic episodes and produce a magnetostratigraphic record. At 1.88 Ga, the Kalahari craton is reconstructed next to the Superior craton so that their ca. 2.0 Ga poles align. As such, magmatism forms part of a radiating pattern with the coeval ca. 1.88 Ga Circum-Superior large igneous province.
Impact evaluation of the Care Tipping Point Initiative in Nepal: study protocol for a mixed-methods cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yount Kathryn M , Clark Cari Jo , Bergenfeld Irina , Khan Zara , Cheong Yuk Fai , Kalra Sadhvi , Sharma Sudhindra , Ghimire Shuvechha , Naved Ruchira T , Parvin Kausar , Al Mamun Mahfuz , Talukder Aloka , Laterra Anne , Sprinkel Anne 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionGirl child, early and forced marriage (CEFM) persists in South Asia, with long-term consequences for girls. CARE’s Tipping Point Initiative (TPI) addresses the causes of CEFM by challenging repressive gender norms and inequalities. The TPI engages different participant groups on programmatic topics and supports community dialogue to build girls’ agency, shift inequitable power relations, and change community norms sustaining CEFM.Methods/analysisThe Nepal TPI impact evaluation has an integrated, mixed-methods design. The quantitative evaluation is a three-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial (control; Tipping Point Programme (TPP); TPP+ with emphasised social norms change). Fifty-four clusters of ~200 households were selected from two districts (27:27) with probability proportional to size and randomised. A household census ascertained eligible study participants, including unmarried girls and boys 12–16 years (1242:1242) and women and men 25+ years (270:270). Baseline participation was 1134 girls, 1154 boys, 270 women and 270 men. Questionnaires covered agency; social networks/norms; and discrimination/violence. Thirty in-depth interviews, 8 key-informant interviews and 32 focus group discussions were held across eight TPP/TPP+ clusters. Guides covered gender roles/aspirations; marriage decisions; girls’ safety/mobility; collective action; perceived shifts in child marriage; and norms about girls. Monitoring involves qualitative interviews, focus groups and session/event observations over two visits. Qualitative analyses follow a modified grounded theory approach. Quantitative analyses apply intention to treat, regression-based difference-in-difference strategies to assess impacts on primary (married, marriage hazard) and secondary outcomes, targeted endline tracing and regression-based methods to address potential selection bias.Ethics/disseminationThe Nepal Social Welfare Council approved CARE Nepal to operate in the study districts. Emory (IRB00109419) and the Nepal Health Research Council (161–2019) approved the study. We follow UNICEF and CARE guidelines for ethical research involving children and gender-based violence. Study materials are here or available on request. We will share findings through clinicaltrials.gov, CARE reports/briefs and publications.Trial registration numberNCT04015856.