bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kebijakan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 Di Kota Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Fitriani Pramita Gurning  , Laili Komariah Siagian  , Ika Wiranti  , Shinta Devi  , Wahyulinar Atika  
Published: June 2021

Vaksinasi adalah proses di dalam tubuh, dimana seseorang menjadi kebal atau terlindungi dari suatu penyakit sehingga apabila suatu saat terpajan dengan penyakit tersebut maka tidak akan sakit atau hanya mengalami sakit ringan, biasanya dengan pemberian vaksin. Vaksinasi tidak hanya bertujuan untuk memutus rantai penularan penyakit dan menghentikan wabah saja, tetapi juga dalam jangka panjang untuk mengeliminasi bahkan mengeradikasi (memusnahkan/ menghilangkan) penyakit itu sendiri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk memperoleh data deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melakukan studi kepustakaan (literature review). Menurut Dinas Kesehatan Kota Medan dalam pelaksanaan vaksinasi dilakukan dua tahap. Untuk tahap pertama Pemko Medan menerima 20.000 vaksin covid-19, dimana untuk tahap pertama di prioritaskan kepada tenaga kesehatan hingga bertahap ke masyarakat. Tahap kedua, Pemko Medan menerima 96.000 vaksin covid-19, vaksinasi tahap kedua ini juga diperuntukkan bagi petugas pelayanan publik termasuk aparatur sipil negara (ASN), dan lain sebagainya. Perundang-undangan tentang Pengadaan Vaksin dan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi COVID-19 dalam Perpres No. 99 Tahun 2020.
Faktor-Faktor Mempengaruhi Ketidakpatuhan Minum Obat Anti Tuberkolusis Pada Pasien Tb Paru Di Puskesmas Gembor Kota Tangerang
Authors: Lastri Mei Winarni  , Abdul Santoso  , Nurul Indah Savitri  
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang:,bertambahnya penderita TB sebesar 9,2 %. Disebabkan karena salah satu faktor ketidakpatuhan minum obat sebesar 65% penderita TB paru. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan minum obat TB paru dengan kejadian TB paru di Puskesmas Gembor. Metode Penelitian: Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat untuk memperoleh karakteristik dari masing – masing variabel demografis dan bivariat digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variable penelitian. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis Terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan ketidakpatuhan minum obat anti tuberkolosis dengan nilai P-value sebesar 0,030, 6) Terdapat hubungan antara sikap petugas kesehatan dengan ketidakpatuhan minum obat anti tuberkolosis pada pasien TB paru di Puskesmas Gembor Kota Tangerang Tahun 2018 dengan nilai P-value sebesar 0,008. Saran: Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan yang mengelola program pengobatan dan penanggulangan Tuberkolosis (TBC) memberikan dukungan kepada keluarga pasien Tuberkolosis agar senantiasa mengontrol kepatuhan minum obat anggota keluarganya sehingga tidak terjadi putus obat dan resistensi
Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan Dengan Kepatuhan Minum ARV Pada Penderita Hiv Di Lapas Pemuda Kelas II A Tangerang
Authors: Pratiwi Ayu , Rohaeti  , Sukmara Yosep 
Published: June 2021

Salah satu terapi pada pasien HIV/AIDS adalah terapi ARV. Terapi ini dijalani seumur hidup oleh pasien HIV/AIDS untuk tetap mempertahankan imunitas pasien. Oleh karena itu penggunaan ARV memerlukan kepatuhan yang tinggi untuk mencapai keberhasilan terapi dan mencegah resistensi. Dukungan sosial merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan dalam perawatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan kepatuhan minum ARV pada penderita HIV di Lapas Pemuda Kelas II A Tangerang. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh narapidana dengan HIV/AIDS di Lapas Pemuda Kelas II A Tangerang. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Total Sampling. Analisa data secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian dari 33 penderita HIV sebagian besar yaitu 18 (54,5%) pasien menyatakan mendapatkan dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan dan 19 (57,6%) pasien menyatakan patuh minum ARV. Terdapat hubungan antara dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan kepatuhan minum ARV penderita HIV di Lapas Pemuda Kelas II A Tangerang (p value 0,027). Dengan nilai POR =7,000 (95% CI=1,493-32,818) yang berarti bahwa pasien yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan tenaga kesehatan berpeluang 7 kali lebih besar untuk tidak patuh minum ARV dibandingkan dengan penderita HIV yang mendapatkan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan kepatuhan minum ARV pada penderita HIV di Lapas Pemuda Kelas II A Tangerang. Lapas diharapkan tidak hanya menjadi sarana kesehatan yang bersifat kuratif, tetapi juga bersifat preventif dalam pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS.
Hubungan Motivasi Kesembuhan Dan Peran Keluarga Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Tb Paru Di Puskesmas Bugel Tahun 2019
Authors: K Everentia Ngasu  , Helena Kura  
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang : Adanya motivasi untuk sembuh menjadi suatu kekuatan yang berasal dari diri pasien yang mendorong untuk menuju kesembuhan pada penderita TB Paru dan keluarga yang berperan baik sebagai pengawas minum obat (PMO) dalam keberhasilan pengobatan memiliki peluang 20 kali terhadap keberhasilan pengobatan dibandingkan dengan keluarga yang tidak berperan baik sebagai PMO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi kesembuhan dan peran keluarga terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien TB Paru jenis Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan cross sectional sampel yang digunakan penelitian adalah sebanyak 34 responden teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat untuk memperoleh karakteristik dari masing-masing variabel demografis dan analisis bivariat digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-quare. Hasil penelitan nilai p value sebesar 0,002 dan 0,000 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai p value < 0,05 maka dapat Kesimpulan dan saran bahwa adanya hubungan antara motivasi kesembuhan dan peran keluarga dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien TB Paru.
Anal Fissures in Pediatrics, and Its Non-Surgical Management, A Review Study
Authors: Ali Al Baazi Alaa Mohammed , Kadium Athir Ahmed , Mahmood Mahmood Mosa 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to show the effect of conservative therapy in management of anal fissures in pediatrics.Study samples were patients presenting to Central Teaching Hospital of Paediatrics between Feb. 2012 to Mar.2013. In prospective descriptive-analytical study,50 cases with anal fissures were evaluated in the pediatricsurgery outpatient clinic. All cases were subjected to medical history and clinical examination. The collecteddata were classified in tables. In history we focused on dietary habits , bowel habits , rectal bleeding, painfuldefecation & constipation. The collected data consisted of age, sex, presentation & location of fissure. In clinicalexamination we assessed the site , presence of skin tags & PR if needed. All cases underwent conservativetreatment for anal fissure by using proctocidar ointment locally 2-3 times daily for 3-6 weeks & lidocaine gel2% applied 10 minutes before defecation to minimize the pain. Lactulose syrup was given 2-3 times dailywith meal to soften the stool & Purgative (Dulcolax) orally in addition to dietary habit instructions. Twopatients only not responded to this regimen , so underwent anal dilatation under general anaesthesia. In ourstudy a total of 50 cases (30 cases 60% Males & 20 cases 40% Females) at age between (6 months - 3years)presented in central teaching hospital of pediatrics mainly as pain during defecation. All were evaluated ,diagnosed & managed during the period from Feb.2012 to Mar. 2013 & followed up for 3-6 weeks. In about48 cases (96%) associated with constipation & 2 cases (4%) associated with diarrhea. 34 cases (68%) hadpain during defecation & 27 cases (54%) had bleeding per rectum (streaks of blood or small drops of blood).All Patients were diagnosed clinically by history from parents & local examination. 45 cases of fissures inano were located posteriorly, 3 were anteriorly located & only 2 cases have fissures on both sides. 48 caseshad history of developing symptoms within 2 weeks period & underwent medical management in the formof laxatives e.g. lactulose & purgatives e.g. dulcolax in addition to lidocaine gel 2% which is topicallyapplied for about 3 to 6 weeks resulting in complete healing. 2 cases (4%) only were not responded to thisregimen & needed anal dilatation. We found that an acute anal fissure is more common than chronic inpediatrics. The most common presenting symptoms were pain during defecation & constipation.
Conclusion: Anal fissures can be simply and effectively treated medically by topical proctocidar ointmentand lidocaine gel 2% in addition to lactulose syrup & purgative. These are an excellent combination,associated with a low recurrence rate and minimal side effects.
The Effect of L- Carnitine on Cardiac Output in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease on Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Mahdi S. Abdul-Hassan , A.A. Abdul-Aziz 
Published: June 2021

Background: L- carnitine deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease, especially thosewho are in regular dialysis. L- carnitine deficiency associated with high incidence of oxidative stress,dyslipidemia and impaired cardiac performance. The present study tends to evaluate the effect of L-carnitinesupplement on cardiac output in patients with chronic kidney disease on regular hemodialysis.Methods: the current study included 105 patients with chronic kidney disease, they were randomly selectedfrom patients attending artificial kidney unit at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thiqar city for regularhemodialysis. They were divided into two groups, group I include 35 patients with chronic kidney diseasewho did not receive L- carnitine and considered as control group, group II include 70 patients with chronickidney disease who receive L- carnitine. patients of group II further divided into two subgroups depending ondose of L- carnitine. Group II(A), include 35 patients with chronic kidney disease who received L- carnitine10/kg body weight one time daily and group II(B): include 35 patients with chronic kidney disease whoreceived L- carnitine 10/kg body weight two time daily. Ejection fraction was determined by transthoracicechocardiography. Frequency, percentage, association, paired t-test were used for analysis of variables. Allvariables represented by mean ± SD. P value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: There was statistically significant increase in the mean of EF% (P<0.001) among patients withchronic kidney disease who receive L- carnitine in a dose of 10mg/Kg body weight twice daily (group IIB)after six months of treatment in comparison with the baseline values. There was a slight but significant (p<0.05) increase in the mean of EF% in patients with chronic kidney disease who received single daily doseof L- carnitine 10mg/Kg body weight (group IIA) after six months in comparison with the initial values atthe beginning of the study.
Conclusion: carnitine supplement in a suitable dose seem to improve cardiac performance among patientswith chronic kidney diseases on regular hemodialysis.
Effect of Video Games on Psychological Development of the Child in Primary Schools in Baghdad
Authors: Hammo Siham A. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To review scientific studies of the effect of video games on child psychological development.And to examine the evidence that playing video games plays a role on child psychological development.Design: A descriptive analytical study starting from December 2016 to May 2017 such an assessmentapproach is apply to achieve the objectives of the study.Methodology: A simple random sample of 300 students selected from a probability-stratified sample ofprimary school for both sexes in Baghdad Al – Rasafa, starting from December 2016 to May 2017. Aquestionnaire constructed for the purpose of the present study throughout a review of relevant literature,previous studies and consultation from panel of experts. To begin, answer the questions using the scale, Know,Uncertain, Don’t Know. The questionnaire consist of two main parts, Part one included the demographicinformation (15) items, part two included the items of psychological effect which consist of (13) items.The overall items which were included in the questionnaire were (28) items. Reliability and validity of thequestionnaire were determined through a pilot study. Data collected using the questionnaire fromFebruary 27 2017 to 14th of March 2017 through the utilization of the semi - structured technique as amean of data collection. Data analyzed through descriptive statistical data analysis approach (frequency,percentage and mean) and inferential statistical data analysis approach.Results: The results showed that the effect of video games on the psychological development of the childhad a mild significant effect resulting from playing video games.Conclusion: It is clear that the effect of video game is a serious problem for the generation of children andfuture builders in our society, when there is no aware towards the impact of the problem.
Recommendation: Educating children about media effects generally and about video game effectsspecifically, so that children can learn to make informed choices. In addition, encouraging children to playpro-social and educational video games in preference to violent games.
Encultured Rocks - Encounter with a Ritual World of the Bronze Age
Authors: Hauptman Wahlgren Katherine 
Published: June 2021

There is an intriguing rock-carving place at Flyhov in the province of Västergötland, southern Sweden. The carved images appear on a series of flat rocks in connection to a number of pointed oval hollows, that are linked to each other in rows suggestive of boats joined together stem by stem. It is argued that the hollowed-out boats in the rock made this a significant place for rock-carvings. Certain phenomena of nature were ritually important during the Bronze Age, and some elements like rock and water may have had a transformative character. Metaphoric understanding of images is used to inspire interpretations of the meaning of the Bronze Age rock-carvings.
Black Hole Leftovers: The Remnant Population from Binary Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Doctor Zoheyr , Farr Ben , Holz Daniel E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The inspiral and merger of two black holes produces a remnant black hole with mass and spin determined by the properties of its parent black holes. Using the inferred population properties of component black holes from the first two and a half observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo, we calculate the population properties of the leftover remnant black holes. By integrating their rate of formation over the age of the universe, we estimate the number density of remnant black holes today. Using simple prescriptions for the cosmic star formation rate and black hole inspiral delay times, we determine the number density of this leftover black hole population to be

, corresponding to ∼60,000 black hole remnants per Milky Way–equivalent galaxy. The mass spectrum of these remnants starts at ∼10 M
⊙ and can be approximated by a decreasing exponential with characteristic length ∼15 M
⊙, the final spin distribution is sharply peaked at χ

f
∼ 0.7, and the kick velocities range from tens to thousands of kilometers per second. These kick velocities suggest that globular clusters and nuclear star clusters may retain up to

and

of their remnant black holes, respectively, while young star clusters would only retain a few tenths of a percent. The estimates in this work assume that none of the remnants participate in subsequent hierarchical mergers. If hierarchical mergers occur, the overall number density would drop accordingly and the remnant mass distribution shape would evolve over time. This population of leftover black holes is an inescapable result from gravitational-wave observations of binary black hole mergers.
Titan in Transit: Ultraviolet Stellar Occultation Observations Reveal a Complex Atmospheric Structure
Authors: Tribbett Patrick D. , Robinson Tyler D. , Koskinen Tommi T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Transit spectroscopy is a key tool for exoplanet atmospheric characterization. However, transit spectrum observations can be limited by aerosol extinction when gas opacities are weak. The ultraviolet wavelength range contains a variety of strong molecular and atomic features, potentially enabling gas species detection even when atmospheric hazes are present. To understand the interplay between aerosol extinction and ultraviolet molecular opacities, we investigate transmission through the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan during an occultation observed with the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) on board NASA’s Cassini orbiter. We analyze the derived ultraviolet transit spectrum of Titan using exoplanet-relevant atmospheric retrieval models that both include and exclude treatments for hazes. Our retrieved gas column densities are consistent with previous studies analyzing UVIS occultation data. Despite the apparent haze impact on the underlying occultation data, our treatments fail to correctly characterize the haze in fits derived from simulated transit observations. This suggests that oversimplified haze parameterizations can hinder detection of atmospheric hazes in transit. Our work indicates that continued characterization of exoplanets in the ultraviolet wavelength regime can provide novel atmospheric constraints even if transit spectra are dominated by haze extinction at longer wavelengths.
Heterologous microsatellite-based genetic diversity in blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis) and differentiation among localities in southern Chile
Authors: Larraín María Angélica , Díaz Nelson F. , Lamas Carmen , Uribe Carla , Jilberto Felipe , Araneda Cristián 
Published: June 2021

Mussels (Mytilus spp.) are one of the most cultivated and commercialized bivalves in southern Chile; culture is currently supplied almost entirely from wild-caught seed obtained from relatively few collection centers. The genetic diversity and differentiation of the blue mussel in southern Chile was investigated by sampling six locations: one natural bank and five seed collection centers. Nine polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) loci were genotyped (Mgu1, Mgu3, MT203, MT282, Mg15, Mg56, Med737, MIT02 and MGE005). We found 75 different alleles, six of which were private alleles. Of the analyzed loci, 45 of 54 tests performed deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05), revealing significant heterozygote deficiencies. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.322 (MGE005) to 0.893 (Mgu1). Despite the long distance between some sampling sites (up to 1360 km), genetic differentiation among the sites was low (FST = 0.043, P < 0.0001). The Bayesian cluster analysis (STRUCTURE) indicated two probable clusters, while the non-parametric cluster analysis (AWclust) identified two to four clusters. Both analyses showed a high level of admixture within clusters. Our results indicate that blue mussels in southern Chile show lower genetic diversity than in other countries, low inbreeding levels, and limited genetic differentiation among locations.
Liberté, éducation et pouvoir. Lecture non-directive à partir des travaux de Daniel Hameline
Authors: Osmont Émilie 
Published: June 2021

L’humanisme de la Renaissance a ordonné l’éducation à la liberté et, classiquement, la philosophie rattache le concept de liberté à l’idée de communauté politique, dont le pouvoir est l’un des attributs. Mais dès lors que l’on veut penser le rapport entre la liberté, l’éducation et le pouvoir en termes pédagogiques, on se heurte aux exigences de la praxis : il ne suffit plus de penser, il s’agit aussi de faire. Concrètement. Et de le raconter. En cela, l’expérience non-directive de Daniel Hameline et les ouvrages qu’il en a tirés avec Marie-Joëlle Dardelin font figure d’exemple à une époque traversée autant par les mouvements sociaux contestataires, y compris vis-à-vis de l’École, que par les théorisations sur les rapports de force à l’œuvre dans le système d’enseignement français. Cet article posera d’abord la fonction enseignante non-directive en miroir avec la fonction traditionnelle, mettant ainsi en évidence l’asymétrie d’une relation aux prises avec une commande institutionnelle. Bien que ce n’ait pas été son intention première, la non-directivité se présente alors comme une remise en cause de l’ordre politique établi en privilégiant les conditions de l’instituant au détriment de l’institué. Mais la valorisation de l’acteur a ses limites, celles-là mêmes qui font le jeu scolaire, et l’affranchissement de l’élève ne peut se penser sans sa domestication. Entre libéralisation du système et déscolarisation massive, Daniel Hameline choisira la « voie du milieu », celle d’une éducation au nom de l’armement critique.
A comparison of different hand and rotary endodontic glide path files for buckling resistance
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Mohite Pramod , Patil Suvarna , Bansal Nandita 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
The purpose of the present study was to compare the buckling resistance between the hand files and rotary files and compare the buckling resistance between pathfinding files made out of different alloys.

Materials and Method:
The test instruments were divided into two major groups based on the mode of use, hand instruments and rotary instruments. These groups were further divided into six subgroups. Six subgroups of endodontic files containing three samples were tested for buckling resistance by applying load in axial direction using a universal testing machine. The maximum load required to generate a lateral elastic displacement of 1 mm was recorded for each instrument. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Newman–Keuls multiple post hoc tests using software SPSS version 19. P value was considered < 0.05.

Results:
The results indicated that the buckling resistance decreased in the following order: Hand C Plus file > Rotary One G file > Hand C pilot files > Rotary ProGlider file > Hand PathFinder Carbon Steel > Rotary HyFlex Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) file.

Conclusion:
The stainless steel instruments (C + and C-Pilot) were more resistant to buckling than carbon steel (Pathfinder CS) and nickel-titanium instruments (ProGlider and HyFlex EDM). Buckling resistance may influence instrument's performance during the negotiation of constricted canals, and the C Plus in hand file group showed significantly better results than the other instruments tested. Metallurgy and modulus of elasticity of the instruments play a significant role in buckling resistance as One G file in rotary file group showed highest buckling resistance (conventional austenite nickel-titanium) than ProGlider (M-wire NiTi) and HyFlex (EDM + Controlled Memory).