bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Evaluation of an Appropriate Housekeeping Gene for Real-Time Gene Profiling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Cultured in Three-Dimensional Scaffold
Authors: Badekila Anjana Kaveri , Rai Praveen , Kini Sudarshan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Assessing an optimal reference gene as an internal control for target gene normalization is important during quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of three-dimensional cell culture. Especially, gene profiling of cancer cells under a complex 3D microenvironment in a polymer scaffold provides a deeper understanding of recapitulation of in vivo tumors. In this aspect, expression of six housekeeping genes (HKG’s): glyceraldehyde-3-phosphodehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-actin (ACTB), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), peptidyl-propyl-isomerase A (PPIA), and ribosomal protein L13 (RPL-13)) during the monolayer culture (two-dimensional), and alginate-carboxymethylcellulose scaffold based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture conditioned up to 21 days was analysed for hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7) cell line. The real-time gene expression using RT-qPCR of HCC spheroids in 3D culture were analyzed by determining the primer efficiency, melting curve and quantification cycle analysis of the selected candidate HKG’s. Further, RT-qPCR data were validated using analysis softwares i.e., geNorm and NormFinder for statistical significance. The study indicated RPL-13, 18S rRNA and B2M to be stable among selected referral HKG candidates and considered them as potential internal controls during varying cell culture conditions.
Diagnostic value of LncRNAs for Postoperative Metastasis of Breast Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Authors: Hao Liyue , li xiabin , Tao zhonghua , Zheng haisan , wu bin , jiang dengyong , Yang Yongxin , Tang Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is an aggressive tumor with no definitely identified prognostic biomarker for diagnosis. Studies have preliminarily found that lncRNAs are closely related to breast cancer metastasis, but, the significant clinical prediction of lncRNAs was remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA UCA1,CCAT2, ANCR) on postoperative metastasis of breast cancer as well as the possible mechanism involving the EMT.Methods: We investigated lncRNA ANCR, UCA1,CCAT2 are at high stake of breast cancer metastasis in a population-based nested case-control study. Metastasis cases were identified by clinical diagnostic criteria in approximately 103 cases in the Cancer Institute of Southwest Medical University during 2013-2020. Meanwhile, the control group (no-metastasis) was single out on the basis of the 1:1 pairing principle in this cohort (n=103, the matching condition was the surgery time within the same month, and the treatment plan both are modifed radical mastectomy ,age±3 years) The mRNA of lncRNA( UCA1,CCAT2, ANCR) expression was determined by Real-time PCR. By Western blot, the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin proteins was detected. The migration and invasion of transfected cells were determined by the Transwell assay.Results: lncRNA ANCR,UCA1,CCAT2 was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer cells and postoperative metastasis of breast cancer.CCAT2 (OR=1.024, 95% CI:1.010, 1.039), UCA1(OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.039),ANCR(OR=1.055, 95% CI:1.001, 1.111)was the risk factor for postoperative metastasis of breast cancer. Further more , By the ROC curve assay, we detect the optimal critical values of CCAT2, UCA1, ANCR , the risk of metastasis in the CCAT2 high expression group was 2.297 times that of the low expression group (OR=2.297, 95% CI:1.427 ~ 3.695, P< 0.05). The risk of metastasis in the UCA1 high expression group was 2.032 times that of the low expression group (OR=2.032, 95% CI 1.282 ~ 3.218, P<0.05). We further observed that lncRNA UCA1, CCAT2, ANCR was down-regulated in MDA-231 cells by 48 h of siRNA transfection. LncRNAs UCA1, CCAT2, ANCR silencing significantly decreased the migration and invasion cells, down-regulated N-cadherin, and up-regulated E-cadherin and vimentin in MDA-231 cells.Conclusions: Our data suggested that lncRNA CCAT2 ,UCA1,ANCR was a novel molecule involved in postoperative metastasis of breast cancer, which has predictive value in patients with breast cancer metastasis.
Investigation On A Bio-Sensor: A Theoretical Study On Modified Photonic Crystal Fiber Using Plasmonic Nanomaterial
Authors: Fakhri Makram A. , Ali Hiyam S. , Salim Evan T. , Khalifa Zeina , Hashim Uda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A modified (HC-800) Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) using Gold nanoparticle as an active plasmonic material was used as bio a sensor. The Finite Element Method is used to compute numerical interpretations of sensing performance employing various liquids such as (Liver Blood, Colon Blood, Human Blood Plasma, Water, and Pentanol). In the proposed biosensor the sample (analyte material) is placed into a core, cladding air holes, and outside of the HC fiber structure. The sensitivity was calculated before and after adding the gold layer. The maximum amplitude sensitivity was found to be 769.5749 RIU-1 for Human blood Plasma and the best electric field was found to be 400V/m. In the same liquid when used the deposited PCF with a gold layer the maximum amplitude sensitivity was found to be 975.5352 RIU-1 at a best electric field of 477 V/m. And when the proposed sensor is considered as a refractive index sensor, where is it used the analyte samples only (inside the core and air holes) of PCF. The maximum amplitude sensitivity was found to be 869.8453 RIU-1 at a best electric field of 434 V/m.
Does Technology Innovation Reduce Haze Pollution? An Empirical Study Based on Urban Innovation Index in China
Authors: He Lingyun , Yuan Enyu , Yang Kexin , Tao Dongjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Haze pollution is one of the most concerned environmental issue, it is of great significance to control haze pollution without affecting economic development. Using the panel data composed of PM2.5 concentration and other data from 278 cities in China between 2003 to 2016, this paper empirically investigates the impact of urban innovation on haze pollution and its transmission mechanism. Based on the fixed effect model, the research finds that the increase of urban innovation significantly reduced haze pollution. The result still holds after dealing with possible endogenous problems. Energy consumption and industrial agglomeration are two important transmission channels through which urban innovation affects haze pollution. Furthermore, time heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative effect of urban innovation on haze pollution increases with time. Spatial heterogeneity analysis shows that urban innovation has a greater mitigation effect on haze pollution in eastern cities than in central and western cities in China. This paper indicates that technological innovation as the main driving force for development, can provide strong support for China to achieve the aims of improving the ecological environment.
Relationship Between Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies In The Southwestern Atlantic Continental Shelf And Atmospheric Variability On Intraseasonal Timescales
Authors: Clara Moira Luz , Alvarez Mariano S. , Vera Carolina , Simionato Claudia G. , Jaureguizar Andrés J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The intraseasonal (IS) variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Southwestern Atlantic Northern Argentinean Continental Shelf (SWACS NACS, 45-33°S - 70-50°W), and its relationship with that in the atmosphere, was studied for the austral warm season. SST satellite data (11-km resolution NOAA CoastWatch Program) and data of different atmospheric variables (Reanalysis1 NCEP/NCAR and ERA-Interim) were used. Data were filtered using a 10-90day filter to isolate the IS variability. A Principal Component analysis was applied then to the filtered SST anomalies (SSTA) and the activity of the leading modes was described through the corresponding temporal series. The first three modes are significant. EOF1 (25.7% of variance) exhibits SSTA of opposite sign to the north/south of 42°S. EOF2 (9.0%) and EOF3 (5.1%) are related with centers of SSTA of opposite sign located off the Uruguayan coast and in the middle shelf. Composites of SSTA and of key atmospheric variables were made considering the days in which the main modes were active. They show that the SSTA described by the three modes are associated with distinctive regional sea level pressure anomalies that, in turn, seem to be related to atmospheric Rossby wave trains extending from the Australia area towards South America. The corresponding atmospheric wave sources vary depending on the mode. These results show, therefore, that the SSTA in the SWACS NACS exhibit significant IS variability that is, in part, locally and remotely influenced by atmospheric anomalies oscillating on similar timescales. These ocean-atmosphere teleconnections could help to improve ocean predictability at those timescales in the future.
"Needle Bypass" Technique: Percutaneous Anatomical Bypass with Needle Rendezvous for No-Option Peripheral Arterial Disease.
Authors: Haraguchi Takuya , Tsujimoto Masanaga , Kashima Yoshifumi , Takeuchi Tsuyoshi , Tadano Yutaka , Hachinohe Daisuke , Kaneko Umihiko , Kobayashi Ken , Kanno Daitaro , Sato Katsuhiko , Fujita Tsutomu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The complex lesions failed by surgical bypass treatments have yet to be solved even with the latest endovascular devices. We describe a new method of fully percutaneous anatomical bypass, named the “Needle bypass” technique.Case presentation: A 68-year-old male patient was suffered from chronic limb-threatening ischemia due to the surgical removal of right distal common femoral artery to proximal superficial femoral artery and two surgical bypasses, axillary-femoral bypass and iliac-femoral bypass, repeated infection 10 years before. He was referred for peripheral intervention by vascular surgeons due to the surgical higher risk background. Conventional peripheral intervention for the removal of common femoral bifurcation failed. “Needle bypass” technique was successfully performed that the tips of the needles which are inserted bi-directionaly from outside the body are aligned in the body to perform the guidewire externalization through the needles, “Needle rendezvous”, and to deploy scaffolds the complex anatomical lesion including extravascular site. This technique provided the great success with this no-option patient.Conclusions:“Needle bypass” technique is a new effective percutaneous treatment option for no-option patient.
Comparing the Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on Accumulation and Translocation of Cadmium in Rice
Authors: Xiangying Li , Teng Lang , Fu Tianling , He Tengbing , Wu Pan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rice is one of China's most important food crops, and it is considered the primary source of human exposure to cadmium (Cd) pollution. A hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effect of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on the absorption, distribution, and translocation of Cd in rice. Under the concentration gradient of Ca, Mg, and Cd, the concentrations of Cd in rice tissues were determined. The results revealed that the existence of Ca and Mg in the environment could benefit rice growth and limit the accumulation and translocation of Cd in plants. Cd concentrations in rice plants were as orders: roots > stems > leaves ≈ panicles ≈ husks > grains. While Cd content in rice grains decreased significantly under high Ca and Mg concentrations, this pattern was not observed under low and medium concentrations. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions significantly influenced the translocation of Cd in the environment-rice system. Under the Ca (Mg)-deficient and Ca (Mg)-rich conditions, the husk and panicle played an essential role in hindering Cd transport to the rice grain, respectively. At the same concentration, the effect of Ca on the decrease of Cd bioconcentration was greater than that of Mg. An apparent antagonism was observed between Cd and Ca (Mg) in different parts of the rice plant. Altogether, the results of this study indicate that it was possible to plant and grow rice in Cd-polluted soil and that the accumulation and translocation of Cd in rice plants could be reduced by optimizing soil nutrient elements.
A One-Year Health Economics Study Before and After Switching from Oral Antipsychotics to Once-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate in Patients with Schizophrenia, A Retrospective, Prospective, Mirror-Image Study
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Qian , Su Lei , Yang Limin , Zou Lianyong , Bai Ludong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is ranked among the top 25 leading causes of disability worldwide in 2013 which resulting in social and economic burden. By observing patients with schizophrenia one year before and after switching from oral antipsychotics (OAPs) to once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M), we can better understand the change of total costs in schizophrenic patients, including direct costs and indirect costs, after switching treatment patterns. Methods: A total of 100 schizophrenic (ICD-10) outpatient and inpatient patients from Shandong Mental Health Center were collected from December 2016 to June 2019. Treatment modalities, health care resource utilization and costs were compared before and after switching directly from oral antipsychotics to PP1M.Results: Of the 82 patients included in the main analyses, hospitalization costs decreased was partly offset by the increase of medical costs, which causing direct costs slightly increased (t=-1.81, P＞0.05). The reduction of productivity costs (t=2.06, P＜0.05) and caregiver care costs (t=1.99, P≤0.05) was seen at post-PP1M switch, therefore the indirect costs also obviously reduced (t=2.31, P＜0.05). Total costs slightly increased (t=-0.05, P＞0.05）compared to pre-PP1M period. For patients with ≥ 1 all-cause inpatient stay in the baseline period (n=32), compared with pre-PP1M, a fewer number of inpatient stays (t=1.73, P＜0.05) and hospitalizations (t=2.56, P≤0.01) were observed and a significant reduction in direct costs (t=2.20, P＜0.01) was observed post-transition to PP1M. Conclusions: Switching to PP1M from OAPs can improve adherence to therapy and not increase the costs of health care in the clinical. Patients with ≥1 recent all-cause inpatient stay had a significant reduction in direct costs after switching from oral antipsychotics to PP1M, suggesting that patients with ≥1 all-cause inpatient stay may benefit after switching to PP1M. Indirect costs decrease from OAPs to PP1M, suggesting that reduce the burden of the family labor after switch to PP1M.
Low-doses of Sucralose Alters Fecal Microbiota in High-fat Diet Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Zhang Minchun , Chen Jie , Yang Minglan , Qian Cheng , Liu Yu , Qi Yicheng , Feng Rilu , Yang Mei , Liu Wei , Ma Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Artificial sweeteners (AS) are widely used as sugar substitutes to reduce calorie intake. However, high doses of AS induced glucose tolerance by modulating gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lower doses of sucralose on fecal microbiota in obesity. Methods: Eight weeks after high-fat diet, the male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=24) and administrated by a daily gavage of 2ml normal saline (CON), 0.54mM sucralose (N054), 0.78mM sucralose (N078) and 324mM sucrose (S324) respectively. After four weeks, fecal samples were obtained and used in 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: The richness and diversity of fecal microbiota did not change by these sucralose and sucrose dosage. Both 0.54mM (0.43mg) and 0.78mM (0.62mg) tended to reduce the beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillaceae and Akkermansiaceae. The relative abundance of family Acidaminoccaceae and its genus Phascolarctobacteriam were increased with 0.54mM sucralose. In functional prediction, 0.54mM sucralose increased profiles of carbohydrate metabolism, whereas 0.78 mM sucralose enhanced that of amino acids metabolism. Conclusions: The lower doses of sucralose altered the compositions and the metabolic functions of fecal microbiota. The benefits of sucralose and its recommended dose for obese patients should be reassessed comprehensively.
IL-36β Promotes Anti-Tumor Effects in CD8+ T Cells by Downregulating Micro-RNA Let-7c-5p
Authors: Li Dongbao , Huang Yang , Bai Yanjin , Zhang Jianglei , Sun Mingbing , Hu Chenrui , Wang Jin , Zhang Zhe , Ouyang Jun , Zhou Jin , Xie Chen , Zhao Xin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The anti-tumor effect of IL-36β mediated activation of CD8+ T cells has been reported, but the molecular mechanism is largely undefined.Methods: IL-36β amounts in pancreatic cancer were examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Cytology and animal experiments were performed to study the effects of IL-36β on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells. Then we examined the changes of CD8+ T cells and NK cells in the tumor flow-cytometrically. MicroRNA expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis.Results: The results revealed decreased IL-36β amounts in pancreatic cancer tissues. In addition, IL-36β inhibited tumor growth and promoted CD8+ T and NK cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, IL-36β stimulated CD8+ T cells to synthesize high amounts of IFN-γ and IL-2. Microarray analysis showed that IL-36β administration to human and mouse CD8+ T cells consistently downregulated the miRNA let-7c-5p. Downregulation of let-7c-5p resulted in IFN-γ and IL-2 upregulation in CD8+ T Cells, whereas its upregulation had the opposite effects. Further experiments demonstrated that IL-36β downregulated IFN-γ in let-7c-5p+ CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest IL-36β promotes IFN-γ and IL-2 production in CD8+ T cells, and IL-36β promotes anti-tumor effects in CD8+ T cells by downregulating micro-RNA let-7c-5p.
ALKBH5-Mediated m6A Modification of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 Triggers the Development of LSCC via Upregulation of HOXA9
Authors: Li Yushan , Yan Bingrui , Wang Xin , Li Qiuying , Kan Xuan , Wang Jingting , Sun Yanan , Wang Peng , Tian Linli , Liu Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
RNA epigenetic modification is the chemical basis of RNA-regulated gene expression, of which N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common post-transcriptional modifications in mRNA. More and more studies show that m6A modification is involved in the development of complex human diseases, especially in the development of cancer. However, it is unclear whether the m6A modification of lncRNA modification plays an important role in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).
Methods
Microarray analysis was used to quantitatively detect the m6A apparent transcriptional modification level of lncRNA in LSCC tissue. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) was used to examine the m6A modification of KCNQ1OT1 transcript. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of KCNQ1OT1, ALKBH5, HOXA9. Western blot was performed to measure the expression ALKBH5 and HOXA9 protein. The expression of KCNQ1OT1 in LSCC and non-tumor tissues was detected by In situ hybridization (ISH). The biological effects of KCNQ1OT1 in vivo and in vitro were tested, meanwhile, the effects of HOXA9 on LSCC cells were tested in vitro. The expression levels of ALKBH5 and HOXA9 in LSCC and non-tumor tissues, and the expression levels of Ki-67, MMP2 and MMP9 in xenograft tumors were detected by Immunohistochemistry(IHC). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assay confirmed the interaction relationship between ALKBH5/YTHDF2 and KCNQ1OT1. Luciferase Reporter assay and rescue experiment verified that HOXA9 is the target of KCNQ1OT1.
Results
KCNQ1OT1 expression in LSCC tissues was low m6A-methylation and high expression than that in non-tumor tissues, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LSCC. Further studies showed that the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase ALKBH5 mediators KCNQ1OT1 expression via an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. It was found that KCNQ1OT1 could directly bind to HOXA9 to further regulate the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LSCC cells.
Conclusions
Our research indicates that ALKBH5 mediated m6A modification of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 triggers the development of LSCC via up-regulation of HOXA9.
A Novel Recombinant Chimeric Proteinous Bio-adhesive Consisting of Mussel Foot Protein 3, 5 and Curli Proteins GvpA and CsgA Expressed in Pichia Pastoris
Authors: Bolghari Nazanin , Habibollahi Hadi , Anvari Masoumeh , Shahsavarani Hosein 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite various efforts to produce strong recombinant bio-adhesive proteins for medical purposes, efficient production of a safe and feasible bio-glue is not yet a commercial reality due to the weak properties or low expression level. Here, a feasible expression system has been developed to produce strong recombinant fusion protein using Mfp3 and Mfp5 along with two curli proteins, GvpA and CsgA expressed under the control of alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter for high-level production in P. pastoris using pPICZα vector. Purified chimeric proteins were first evaluated using western blotting and its remaining dopa were measured in the modified proteins by NBT assay. We further elucidated mechanistic properties of obtained adhesive protein assembly in various pH based on its different subunits using atomic force microscopy (AFM) when adsorbed onto the mica surface. We found that combinational structural features of subunits and post-translational changes during expression in yeast host have led to potent adherence due to higher dopa residues majorly in acidic condition and tetrad complex that is higher than that of earlier reports in prokaryotic systems. We believe that our obtained chimeric protein resulted through fusion of GvpA and CsgA proteins with dopa-containing Mfp proteins expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, P. pastoris, not only presents a candidate for future biomedical applications, but also provides novel biological clues using for high-performance bioinspired biomaterials designation.