bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Neutrality: Anticompetitive Issues in Internet Legislation
Authors: Rantakari Lauri 
Published: June 2021

This article seeks to illustrate current policies over the so-called network neutrality in the United States and in the European Union.
In short, network neutrality, which lacks any exact definition and is under constantdebate, consists of principles that allow public information networks to treat all content, sites and platforms equally. In practice, hindrance or exclusion of certain types of lawful Internet traffic or content by the Internet service providers would be contrary to these principles. Due to the US-centric nature of the Internet, the US stance over network neutrality will also affect the Internet policies of the European Union as well. Thus, the aim of this article is to stimulate academic discussion about network neutrality in Finland.
The focus of this descriptive article is on exemplifying network neutrality’s impact on technological development, the evolution of business models in the Internet space, and especially, potential antitrust issues. Finally, this article asks how network neutrality will be legislated in the future and whether it will survive as a network design principle.
Análise de adulteração da Cúrcuma longa L. em pó comercializada em Campina Grande – PB e Pocinhos -PB
Authors: Mélo Mayanny Celly de Sales , Rodrigues Patricia de Luna , Silva Vanessa Cristina de Melo , Vilar Marina Suênia de Araújo , Vilar Daniela de Araújo 
Published: June 2021

A Cúrcuma longa pertence à família Zingiberaceae, popularmente conhecida como açafrão, açafrão da terra, gengibre amarelo e raiz de sol. Consumida principalmente na forma de pó seco, utilizada com diversas finalidades, principalmente na medicina tradicional e moderna. Como consequência do seu elevado valor comercial, a cúrcuma tem sido frequentemente adulterada com os mais diversos materiais e estratégias. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar possíveis adulterações em amostras de cúrcuma em pó comercializadas nas cidades de Campina Grande e Pocinhos na Paraíba. Para isso, foram realizados os testes de ativação do amido e reação do lugol em 10 amostras adquiridas em diferentes pontos comerciais das cidades citadas. No teste de ativação do amido apenas uma amostra resultou em uma solução encorpada indicando a presença de amido. Já no teste de reação do lugol 4 amostras apresentaram uma coloração azul escuro/violeta que indica a presença de amido. Observou-se que a adulteração foi encontrada em maior percentual nas amostras comercializadas em feiras livres. Diante dos resultados observa-se que a detecção de adulterantes torna-se assim, uma questão de elevada importância para garantir a proteção do consumidor contra práticas fraudulentas. Desta forma, conclui-se que os resultados deste trabalho revelaram fraude em algumas amostras e evidencia a importância da adoção de medidas de controle e fiscalização para a prevenção de prejuízos econômicos e riscos à saúde do consumidor.
Aporte nutricional no tratamento do vírus da imunodeficiência (HIV)
Authors: Lemos Kananda Gabrielle Batista Correa , Cavalcante Thaina da Costa , Bezerra Dayse Germano , Ferreira José Carlos de Sales 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) é considerada uma grande problemática no que se refere a saúde pública, pois o seu crescente número de casos no mundo é alarmante. Objetivo: Analisar o aporte nutricional indicado para pacientes em tratamento do HIV/AIDS. Metodologia: Para a realização desse estudo optou-se por uma pesquisa na modalidade de revisão integrativa de literatura. Resultados e Discussão: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) caracteriza-se como uma doença de alta letalidade que pode vir a causar danos irreparáveis ao ser humano. Sabe-se que o risco de infecção oportunista relacionada a esse vírus em pessoas infectadas com aumenta enquanto a contagem de CD4+ diminui. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que todo paciente infectado pelo HIV seja encaminhado ao profissional nutricionista logo após o primeiro diagnóstico para avaliação do seu perfil.
Pesquisas e publicações sobre o processo de hidrogenação de óleos em margarinas utilizando catalisadores
Authors: Rodrigues Thuanny Silva , Castejon Letícia Vieira 
Published: June 2021

O processo de hidrogenação de óleos e gorduras é um processo químico resultante de simultâneas reações, que tem por necessidade a presença de um catalisador de reação. A utilização de um metal no processo de hidrogenação contribui para a aceleração da reação desde que sejam empregados alguns fatores como pressão e temperatura adequados. As bibliografias disponíveis pesquisadas no Google Acadêmico apontam o níquel como sendo o elemento mais utilizado como catalisador de reação na indústria alimentícia, principalmente no processo de hidrogenação de óleos e gorduras para obtenção do produto margarina. Por apresentar as características de recurso não limitado e consequentemente baixo custo e segurança alimentar ao fim do processo de hidrogenação o níquel segue como a primeira opção das indústrias para a função de catalisador. Deste modo o objetivo do presente estudo será realizar uma busca literária sobre o processo de hidrogenação de óleos e gorduras e a utilização de catalisador de reação, de trabalhos publicados nos últimos cinco anos e disponíveis pela plataforma do Google Acadêmico, por se tratar de um processo amplamente utilizado na indústria alimentícia e principalmente para a elaboração de margarinas.
Identification of Potential ceRNA Network and Patterns of Immune Cell Infiltration in Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Wu Qiuhong , Liu Yang , Xie Yan , Wei Shixiong , Liu Yi 
Published: June 2021

PurposeSystemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is one of the most severe complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is the leading cause of SSc-related deaths. However, the precise pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in SSc-ILD remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network and immune cell infiltration patterns in SSc-ILD.MethodsOne microRNA (miRNA) and three messenger RNA (mRNA) microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and mRNAs (DEMs) between SSc-ILD patients and normal controls were identified, respectively, followed by the prediction of the target genes and target lncRNAs of DEmiRs. The overlapping genes between DEmiRs target genes and DEMs were identified as core mRNAs to construct the ceRNA network. In addition, the “Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of Known RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)” algorithm was used to analyze the composition of infiltrating immune cells in lung tissues of SSc-ILD patients and controls, and differentially expressed immune cells were recognized. The correlation between immune cells and core mRNAs was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsTotally, 42 SSc-ILD lung tissues and 18 normal lung tissues were included in this study. We identified 35 DEmiRs and 142 DEMs and predicted 1,265 target genes of DEmiRs. Then, 9 core mRNAs related to SSc-ILD were recognized, which were the overlapping genes between DEmiRs target genes and DEMs. Meanwhile, 9 DEmiRs related to core mRNAs were identified reversely, and their target lncRNAs were predicted. In total, 9 DEmiRs, 9 core mRNAs, and 51 predicted lncRNAs were integrated to construct the ceRNA regulatory network of SSc-ILD. In addition, 9 types of immune cells were differentially expressed in lung tissues between SSc-ILD patients and controls. Some core mRNAs, such as COL1A1, FOS, and EDN1, were positively or negatively correlated with the number of infiltrating immune cells.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive study to construct the potential ceRNA regulatory network and analyze the composition of infiltrating immune cells in lung tissues of SSc-ILD patients, which improves our understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD.
Structure and Function of Oral Microbial Community in Periodontitis Based on Integrated Data
Authors: Cai Zhengwen , Lin Shulan , Hu Shoushan , Zhao Lei 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveMicroorganisms play a key role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Research studies have focused on seeking specific microorganisms for diagnosing and monitoring the outcome of periodontitis treatment. Large samples may help to discover novel potential biomarkers and capture the common characteristics among different periodontitis patients. This study examines how to screen and merge high-quality periodontitis-related sequence datasets from several similar projects to analyze and mine the potential information comprehensively.MethodsIn all, 943 subgingival samples from nine publications were included based on predetermined screening criteria. A uniform pipeline (QIIME2) was applied to clean the raw sequence datasets and merge them together. Microbial structure, biomarkers, and correlation network were explored between periodontitis and healthy individuals. The microbiota patterns at different periodontal pocket depths were described. Additionally, potential microbial functions and metabolic pathways were predicted using PICRUSt to assess the differences between health and periodontitis.ResultsThe subgingival microbial communities and functions in subjects with periodontitis were significantly different from those in healthy subjects. Treponema, TG5, Desulfobulbus, Catonella, Bacteroides, Aggregatibacter, Peptostreptococcus, and Eikenella were periodontitis biomarkers, while Veillonella, Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Rothia, Paludibacter, Capnocytophaga, and Kingella were signature of healthy periodontium. With the variation of pocket depth from shallow to deep pocket, the proportion of Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, TM7, and Fusobacteria increased, whereas that of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Synergistic relationships were observed among different pathobionts and negative relationships were noted between periodontal pathobionts and healthy microbiota.ConclusionThis study shows significant differences in the oral microbial community and potential metabolic pathways between the periodontitis and healthy groups. Our integrated analysis provides potential biomarkers and directions for in-depth research. Moreover, a new method for integrating similar sequence data is shown here that can be applied to other microbial-related areas.
Circulating Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 Predicts Recurrence After Radiofrequency Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tan Ruopeng , Yu Haixu , Han Xu , Liu Yang , Yang Xiaolei , Xia Yun-Long , Yin Xiaomeng 
Published: June 2021

Objective: A more extensively fibrotic left atrium contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence, persistence, and recurrence. The soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) has emerged as a ventricular fibrotic biomarker for patients with heart failure. The present study is to investigate associations between circulating sST2 and risk of recurrence after ablation in AF patients.Methods: We measured the baseline plasma level of sST2 from patients with persistent AF (n = 117) and paroxysmal AF (n = 93) patients. Patients were followed up for 15 months after ablation. The relationship between circulating sST2 and recurrence was assessed by multivariable Cox regression. The cutoff value of sST2 was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve. The relationship between baseline sST2 level and left atrial volume index (LAVI) was assessed by multivariate linear regression analysis. Serial sST2 measurements were also conducted after 24 h, 6 months, and 15 months of ablation. ST2 localization was examined in left atrial appendages of persistent AF patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results: Baseline sST2 positively associated with LAVI in the persistent AF group, and elevated sST2 (≥39.25 ng/ml) independently increased the risk of recurrence after ablation (area under the curve = 0.748), with hazard ratio of 1.038 (95% confidence interval 1.017–1.060, P &lt; 0.001) when adjusted for co-variables. In contrast, elevated sST2 cannot predict recurrence in paroxysmal AF.Conclusions: In persistent AF patients, increased sST2 serves as a marker of recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. Patients with sST2 ≥ 39.25 ng/ml are more likely to develop recurrence within a year.
Comparative Effectiveness of Exercise Training for Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension After Pulmonary Endarterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Ya-Lin , Yuan Ping , Zhao Qin-Hua , Gong Su-Gang , Zhang Rui , He Jing , Luo Ci-Jun , Qiu Hong-Ling , Liu Jin-Ming , Wang Lan , Jiang Rong 
Published: June 2021

Background: Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) still experience reduced exercise capacity despite pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Exercise training improves the exercise capacity and quality of life (QoL) in patients with PH, but data on the effects of exercise training on these patients are scarce. The aim of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of exercise training in CTEPH after PEA.Methods: We searched the relevant literature published before January 2020 for the systematic review and meta-analysis using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcome was a change in the 6-min walking distance (6 MWD). We also assessed the effect of exercise on the peak oxygen uptake (VO2) or peak VO2/kg, oxygen uptake anaerobic threshold, workload, oxygen pulse, hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, oxygen saturation, N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), quality of life (QoL) and pulmonary function tests.Results: We included 4 studies with 208 exercise-training participants. In the pooled analysis, short-term exercise training can improve the 6 MWD of 58.89 m (95% CI: 46.26–71.52 m, P &lt; 0.0001). There was a significant increase in the peak VO2/kg or peak VO2 after exercise training (3.15 ml/min/kg, 95% CI: 0.82–5.48, P = 0.008; 292.69 ml/min, 95% CI: 24.62–560.75, P = 0.032, respectively). After exercise training, the maximal workload and O2 pulse significantly improved. Three months of exercise training increased the right ventricular ejection fraction by 3.53% (95% CI: 6.31–11.94, P &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 0) independently of PEA surgery. In addition, NT-proBNP plasma levels significantly improved with exercise training after PEA [weighted mean difference (WMD): −524.79 ng/L, 95% CI: 705.16 to −344.42, P &lt; 0.0001, I2 = 0]. The partial pressure of oxygen and pH improved progressively over 12 weeks of exercise training (WMD: 4 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.01–8.33, P = 0.01; WMD: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.04, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Subscales of the QoL measured by the SF-36 questionnaire had also improved. In addition, exercise training was well-tolerated with a low dropout rate, and no major adverse events occurred during exercise training.Conclusion: Exercise training may be associated with a significant improvement in the exercise capacity and QoL among CTEPH patients after PEA and was proven to be safe. However, more large-scale multicentre studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of exercise training in CTEPH patients after PEA.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021235275.
Modest Gains After an 8-Week Exercise Program Correlate With Reductions in Non-traditional Markers of Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Liang Grace , Huang Xianxi , Hirsch James , Mehmi Sanjeev , Fonda Holly , Chan Khin , Huang Ngan F. , Aalami Oliver , Froelicher Victor F. , Lee David P. , Myers Jonathan , Lee Andrew S. , Nguyen Patricia K. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Although engaging in physical exercise has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events, the molecular mechanisms by which exercise mediates these benefits remain unclear. Based on epidemiological evidence, reductions in traditional risk factors only accounts for 50% of the protective effects of exercise, leaving the remaining mechanisms unexplained. The objective of this study was to determine whether engaging in a regular exercise program in a real world clinical setting mediates cardiovascular protection via modulation of non-traditional risk factors, such as those involved in coagulation, inflammation and metabolic regulation.Methods and Results: We performed a prospective, cohort study in 52 sedentary patients with cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors at two tertiary medical centers between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Prior to and at the completion of an 8-week exercise program, we collected information on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, exercise capacity, and physical activity and performed plasma analysis to measure levels of fibrinolytic, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers to assess changes in non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The median weight change, improvement in physical fitness, and change in physical activity for the entire cohort were: −4.6 pounds (IQR: +2 pounds, −11.8 pounds), 0.37 METs (IQR: −0.076 METs, 1.06 METs), and 252.7 kcals/week (IQR: −119, 921.2 kcals/week). In addition to improvement in blood pressure and cholesterol, patients who lost at least 5 pounds, expended at least 1,000 additional kcals/week, and/or achieved ≥0.5 MET increase in fitness had a significant reduction in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [9.07 ng/mL (95% CI: 2.78–15.35 ng/mL); P = 0.026], platelet derived growth factor beta [376.077 pg/mL (95% CI: 44.69–707.46 pg/mL); P = 0.026); and angiopoietin-1 [(1104.11 pg/mL (95% CI: 2.92–2205.30 pg/mL); P = 0.049)].Conclusion: Modest improvements in physical fitness, physical activity, and/or weight loss through a short-term exercise program was associated with decreased plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor, platelet derived growth factor beta, and angiopoietin, which have been associated with impaired fibrinolysis and inflammation.
The OMZ and Its Influence on POC in the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean: Based on the Survey in March 2018
Authors: Ma Jun , Song Jinming , Li Xuegang , Wang Qidong , Zhong Guorong , Yuan Huamao , Li Ning , Duan Liqin 
Published: June 2021

The hypoxia problem in the ocean is worsening, and the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) continues to expand. The Tropical Western Pacific Ocean is one of the most sensitive areas in response to climate change and human activities, and the OMZ in this area has also expanded significantly. Based on a survey conducted in March 2018, the characteristics of OMZ in the Kocebu seamount area of the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean and its biogeochemical effects are discussed. The results showed that DO in the Kocebu seamount area first decreased and then increased, and the lowest value was 2.49 mg/L at a water depth of 750 m. Based on the oxycline and the threshold of 3.20 mg/L, OMZ in this area was located in the water column of 590–1,350 m. With the increase in water depth, the POC concentration decreased gradually and remained stable in the water column deeper than 1,000 m. The presence of OMZ reduced the decomposition rate of POC, causing more POC to sink into deeper waters. 38.77% of POC was decomposed in the water column of 150–300 m, whereas only 16.25% of POC was decomposed in the OMZ. In contrast to the vertical distribution of POC, δ13C-POC decreased rapidly in the water columns of 100–150 and 300–500 m, indicating the rapid decomposition of POC. This result suggests that POC and δ13C-POC should be combined in the evaluation of POC decomposition.
Plume Versus Slab-Pull: Example from the Arabian Plate
Authors: Aldaajani Thamer Z. , Almalki Khalid A. , Betts Peter G. 
Published: June 2021

Mantle convection and the interaction of buoyant plumes with the lithosphere have been a significant influence on plate tectonics. Plume-lithosphere interactions have been regarded as a major driver of continental rifting, and have been linked to triple junction development and major supercontinent break-up events. There are also many extensional tectonic settings that lack evidence for a mantle plume and associated magmatism, indicating far-field plate stresses also drive plate fragmentation. The Arabian Plate is a spectacular active example where both a mantle plume and far-field plate stresses interact to drive continental break-up. Despite more than 80 years of geological research, there remains significant conjecture concerning the geodynamic processes responsible for the plate motion and the nature or onset of extension/deformation of the Arabian Plate. Complex structural patterns within the Arabian Plate have been interpreted in the context of tectonic plate movements and reorganization related to the subduction of the Tethys Oceanic plate, collision between Arabian and Eurasian plates, and the superposition of Afar plume. These interactions have accordingly resulted in different explanations or understanding of the geodynamic of the Afro-Arabian rift system. We assess the relative influence of plume vs. far field influences by reviewing the current views on the concept and models of these forces and highlighting their significance and implications on Arabia. Our synthesis shows that most of the geodynamical models proposed so far are not applicable to the entire Arabian Plate and its surrounding boundaries.