bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Combined Treatment of Green Tea and Exercise in the Mouse AOM/DSS Colitis‐associated Carcinoma Model
Authors: Kim Si-Young , Lee Young-Soo 
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of combined pre‐treatments of green tea and exercise (GE) in the AOM‐initiated and DSS‐promoted (AOM‐DSS) mouse colitis‐associated carcinoma model. Male ICR mice (5 weeks old, n=48) were divided into 8 groups (6 weeks or 12 weeks ‐ control, AOM‐DSS, GE, GE and AOM‐DSS). Green tee (50 mg/kg body weight/day) suspended in 0.5% CMC was given by gavage (4 times/week). The control mice received only 0.5% CMC. The exercise sessions consisted of running with the treadmill speed set at 70% of each animal's maximum velocity (60 min/day, 4 times/week). The mice were fed a diet supplemented with 2.5% DSS for 7 days after AOM initiation in carcinogenesis groups. Our results showed that AOM‐DSS mice with 6‐week and/or 12‐week pre‐treated with GE had lower tumor incidence, lower colon tumor multiplicities and smaller polyps compared with each control group. 6‐week and/or 12‐week pre‐treatment of GE suppressed the expression of MDA and 4‐HNE, and iNOS after AOM‐DSS as well as increased induction of Nrf2 and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, including HO‐1 and NQO1. These findings suggest that combined pre‐treatments of green tea and exercise may have protective effects against colon cancer by decreasing lipid peroxidation, reducing inflammatory response and increasing antioxidative defense signaling in mice with AOM‐DSS.Grant Funding Source : Korean Ginseng Corporation
Extracts of germinated wheat and barley reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α‐glucosidase in diabetic db/db mice
Authors: Jang Hae-Dong , Zhou Bing , Kwon Young-In 
Published: June 2021

Extracts of germinated wheat and barley (EGW and EGB) were investigated as a potent cereal‐derived α–glucosidase inhibitor in diabetic db/db mice. They were prepared by soaking in distilled water with 0.5% tea catechin and 1% chitinoligosaccharide for 24 hr, extracting with autoclaving at 121 °C for 15 min, and freeze drying. The in vitro inhibitory activity of EGW and EGB on intestinal α–glucosidase, sucrase, and maltase was relatively weak compared to acarbose used as a positive control. However, sugar loading test with starch, sucrose, and maltose showed that significantly reduced postprandial increases in blood glucose, indicating that they may act as an intestinal α–glucosidase, sucrase, and maltase inhibitor. These results suggests that EGW and EGB could be used in the development of nutraceutical foods to control the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients by inhibiting intestinal α–glucosidase with reduced side effects.Grant Funding Source : ASN
Comparison of Chemopreventive Properties of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibiscus sabdariffa on colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (COLO 201) through apoptosis process
Authors: Khatiwada Janak R , Williams Leonard L , Davis Shurrita 
Published: June 2021

Comparison of Chemopreventive Properties of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibiscus sabdariffa on colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (COLO 201) through apoptosis processVarious concentrations of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibiscus sabdariffa are used in this experiment to determine the optimum dose for cell cytotoxicity effects on COLO 201 cells. Antioxidant index of both phytochemicals were determine by using antioxidant assay kit. Annexin‐v, caspases 3/7 and in situ cell proliferation methods were used to determine the apoptosis induction through the flow cytometry. Results of this experiment indicated that lower concentration (5 mM/g) of both phytochemicals in combination induced significant amount of cell deaths in two stages of cell cycle (apoptosis 53.79 and early apoptosis 18.11%) compared to other treatment groups and control. Findings of this experiment support that the traditional use of these two herbs in the treatment of various chronic diseases is justified. These findings also suggest that the synergistic effect of these phytochemicals may reduce the incidence of colon tumors and can develop as a chemopreventive agent.
Population dynamics of leukocytes in tissues during immune activation of the chicken immune system by E. coli
Authors: Iseri Vanessa J. , Klasing Kirk C. 
Published: June 2021

Immune tissues must have appropriate levels of nutrients to support changes in leukocyte numbers during an immune response, but quantitative aspects are poorly characterized. Examined cellular changes in immune tissues of adult Hyline chickens injected IV with dead E. coli. Bone marrow, spleen and thymus were isolated and total leukocytes and subpopulations analyzed in order to follow the cellular dynamics. No effect of E. coli on absolute weight of bone marrow or thymus (P >0.25, P=0.08). Liver weight increased at 24hr and 5d post‐injection (PI) compared to d0 (P=0.003, P=0.004). Spleen weight increased at 24hr and 5d PI compared to d0 (P=0.013, P=0.0002). Total number of leukocytes in bone marrow increased at 5d PI compared to baseline (P=0.006). Bone marrow subpopulations, CD8+, Bu1+, and KUL01+ numbers increased at 5d PI compared to baseline (P=0.001, P=0.02, P=0.03). In thymus, CD8+ numbers increased at 24hr and 5d PI compared to baseline (P=0.03). There was a trend for total leukocyte, CD4+, and CD4+CD8+ numbers to increase at 24hr and 5d PI compared to baseline (P=0.05, P=0.06, P=0.07). In spleen, Bu1+ number increased on 5d PI compare to baseline (P=0.04). When converted to a whole body basis the increases reported, corrected for the decreases in blood levels reported previously indicate that cell numbers, thus nutrient needs, are greater during systemic activation compared to naïve birds (maintenance).Grant Funding Source: USDA Regional Research project 1013
Nutritional status of young children with inherited blood disorders in western Kenya
Authors: Tsang Becky , Ruth Laird J. , Sullivan Kevin M. , Williams Tom N. , Suchdev Parminder S. 
Published: June 2021

There is demonstrated high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in Africa; however, it is unknown how blood disorders affect nutrition status. To determine the burden of anemia, iron and vitamin A deficiency, stunting, wasting, and underweight amongst young children in western Kenya with one or more blood disorders (haptoglobin 2‐2, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, sickle cell hemoglobin, and α‐thalassemia), we conducted a cross sectional survey of 882 children aged 6–35 months, randomly selected from 60 villages. Hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), retinol binding protein (RBP), anthropometry, and blood disorders using PCR were measured. Of 861 children with Hb results, 71.7% were anemic (Hb<11 g/dL), 27.2% iron deficient (ferritin<12 μg/L, CRP<10 mg/L), and 16.8% vitamin A deficient (RBP<0.7 μmol/L, CRP<10 mg/L). Of the four blood disorders, anemia burden only differed between α‐thalassemics (82.3%), trait (75.6%), or without (66.8%) (p=0.002). Differences in vitamin A and iron deficiency, stunting, wasting, and underweight were not significant. The crude results suggest that in young children in western Kenya, α‐thalassemia is the only blood disorder associated with nutrition status, with children more likely to be anemic.Grant Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rollins School of Public Health
Vitamin D in Patients with Tuberculosis or TB/HIV coinfection in Tanzania
Authors: Mehta Saurabh , Mugusi Ferdinand M , Bosch Ronald J , Aboud Said , Urassa Willy , Villamor Eduardo , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to examine vitamin D status in adults with tuberculosis (TB) or TB/HIV co‐infection enrolled in a vitamin supplementation trial (excluding D) in Tanzania and its relationship with mortality, HIV disease progression, and relapse during follow‐up. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using mass spectrometry. Binomial and Cox regression methods were used to analyze the associations between vitamin D and outcomes. 62% of patients had low vitamin D status (<30 ng/mL) and 16% were deficient (<20 ng/mL). Hemoglobin levels, CD4 T‐cell counts, and money spent on food were significant correlates of low vitamin D status. In longitudinal analyses, there was no significant relationship between vitamin D status and mortality or HIV disease progression. However, patients with low vitamin D levels had 66% higher risk of relapse during follow‐up (95% CI: 1.04–2.64; p=0.03; adjusted for age, Karnofsky score, hemoglobin, CD4 T‐cell counts, HIV status, viral load, and treatment regimen). In HIV‐uninfected individuals, the risk of relapse was 133% higher (p<0.01). Vitamin D may have an important role in patients with TB and it needs to be examined in randomized clinical trials.Grant Funding Source : NIH NIAID U01AI045441
Effect of Sprinkles on reducing anemia in young children in Cambodia: a cluster‐randomized effectiveness trial
Authors: Jack Susan , Ou Kevanna ,   Good Food for Children Steering Committee, de la Barra Sophia Leon , Hill Philip , Herbison Peter , Gibson Rosalind 
Published: June 2021

Whether anemia can be significantly reduced by delivery of micronutrient powders (Sprinkles) through government health services is uncertain. We evaluated the effectiveness of daily Sprinkles mixed with complementary foods in infants from aged 6 to 11 months (mo) with infant and young child feeding education (IYCFE). We followed 1350 randomly selected children at 6 mo intervals to aged 24 mo via biomarkers and anthropometry to establish whether any observed effects on anemia, deficiencies of Fe, vitamin A, Zn, and growth were sustained. Sprinkles plus IYCFE vs. IYCFE alone reduced any anemia at 12 mo by 24% (hemoglobin (Hb)<110g/L, Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 0·76, 95% CI 0·64 to 0·89, P=0·001) and moderate anemia (Hb<100g/L) by 57% (IRR 0·43, 95% CI 0·33 to 0·56, P<0.001). At later follow ups there were no significant differences in any anemia between groups. Iron deficiency was reduced by 57% (IRR 0·43, 95% CI 0·32 to 0·58, P<0.001) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and non‐IDA were reduced for moderate anemia at 12 mo. We found a significant increase in mean serum zinc (0·44 μmol/L, 95% CI 0·04 to 0·83, P = 0·028) but no difference in zinc and vitamin A deficiency, or growth at any time. Sprinkles reduced anemia, and increased mean serum zinc in Cambodian infants. These effects were in addition to IYCFE alone, but did not persist beyond the intervention. A2Z, USAID; Cambodia Health Sector Support Projects I & II; WHO Cambodia; GAIN.Grant Funding Source : A2Z, USAID; Cambodia Health Sector Support Projects I & II; WHO Cambodia; GAIN
Effects of acute and chronic almond consumption on glycemia in adults at risk for diabetes
Authors: Tan Sze Yen , Mattes Richard 
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effects of almond consumption on acute glycemic control in adults at risk for diabetes and assessed whether the effects are sustained during 4 weeks of daily almond consumption. There were 5 study arms which entailed consuming 43g of almonds with breakfast or lunch, and as a morning or afternoon snack, or no almonds. At baseline, participants attended a 490‐min acute‐feeding session, were provided with standard meals and almonds, and blood glucose and insulin were measured at designated intervals. They were then instructed to eat almonds daily for the following 4 weeks before repeating the acute‐feeding session. During the initial acute‐feeding session, blood glucose changed significantly (time & interaction effects, P<0.001), but insulin changes did not differ between groups. Incremental AUC (iAUC) showed lower 60‐min postprandial glycemia with almonds eaten as snacks (P<0.05). Similar trends were observed when they were consumed with meals. Repeated consumption of almonds over 4‐weeks did not alter the 490‐min glycemia trends and 60‐min postprandial iAUC, but the statistical significance diminished. Body weight increased after 4 weeks but not differentially between groups. Body fat remained unchanged. Our study suggests that ingesting almonds as a snack may assist in acute glycemic control, and this effect and body weight are minimally affected by prolonged consumption.This study was funded by the Almond Board of California.
Status of muscle signaling pathways in the early pathogenesis of dystroglycanopathy‐type muscular dystrophy
Authors: Beedle Aaron M , Melick Garrett , Ball Charlotte , Fortunato Marisa 
Published: June 2021

A subset of muscular dystrophies are caused by abnormal glycosylation of α‐dystroglycan. Without its proper sugar structure, α‐dystroglycan binding to extracellular matrix proteins (e.g. laminin, perlecan) is compromised, disrupting the structural integrity of muscle and other tissues. Mutations in the FCMD gene, encoding fukutin, cause severe and milder dystroglycanopathies, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) and limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2M (LGMD 2M), respectively. Using fukutin conditional knockout mice, we have evidence that severe congenital muscular dystrophy phenotypes involve abnormal skeletal muscle development and/or differentiation. We will present a molecular, biochemical and histological approach, screening select muscle signaling pathways in young knockout mice, to identify abnormalities in skeletal muscle development/differentiation. These findings bring new insight to potential mechanisms underlying early disease pathogenesis and severe phenotypic outcomes in dystroglycanopathy‐type congenital muscular dystrophies.This work has been supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Association (Development Grant) and the University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy.
β1 integrin and associated focal adhesion proteins in cardiac fibroblast function
Authors: Au Carol G. , Manso Ana Maria , Asfaw Elizabeth K. , Liao Peter L. , Ross Robert S. 
Published: June 2021

β1 integrin is a member of the integrin receptor family of adhesion molecules that links cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Although cardiac fibroblasts are the major cell type responsible for ECM production in the heart, the role of β1 integrin in cardiac fibroblast function has not been defined. Stimulation of primary adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 (10 ng/mL) increased protein expression of β1 integrin, talin and vinculin, and this was associated with enhanced myofibroblast conversion as delineated by α‐smooth muscle actin levels. Our group has generated cardiac myocyte‐specific knockout mouse models of β1 integrin, talin or vinculin which develop dilated cardiomyopathies characterized by progressive cardiac fibrosis. To delete these genes in cardiac fibroblasts, we utilized an ex vivo Cre‐LoxP strategy whereby cultured fibroblasts were infected with an adeno‐Cre recombinase virus. Fibroblast depletion of β1 integrin destabilized focal adhesion complexes and reduced adhesion to fibronectin, but did not alter TGF‐β1‐ mediated myofibroblast conversion. A similar reduction in adhesion to fibronectin was observed in cardiac fibroblasts depleted of talin. In summary, β1 integrin and associated focal adhesion proteins can modulate cardiac fibroblast function and may therefore influence the development of cardiac fibrosis.Supported by grants from NIH (HL088390, HL46345) and AHA (10POST3520045)
Alterations in Left Ventricular Preload Dynamically Regulate Cardiac Fibroblast Signaling
Authors: Galantowicz Maarten L , Guggilam Anuradha , Cismowski Mary J , Zhang Xiaojin , West Thomas A , Lucchesi Pamela A 
Published: June 2021

Left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic volume overload (VO) inhibits cardiac fibrosis in vivo. However, the effects of hemodynamic load changes on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TGF‐β1induced extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of load‐driven changes on cardiac fibroblast (CF) phenotype and signaling.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats underwent sham/aortocaval fistula (ACF) surgery to induce VO heart failure for 4 weeks (compensatory stage), followed by a load reversal procedure in a subset of rats. Primary cultured LV CFs were obtained at 5 day post VO reversal, and ECM signaling molecules were studied by protein and gene expression profiling.ResultsCollagen 1 secretion was decreased in both ACF and reversal CFs, while CTGF mRNA expression decreased only in ACF CFs, consistent with an anti‐fibrotic phenotype. Interestingly, ACF and reversal CFs demonstrated increased TGF‐β1 mRNA expression and similar Smad activation in response to exogenous TGF‐ β1. However, β1‐integrin expression and downstream AKT signaling was suppressed in ACF CFs compared to sham, but normalized following VO reversal.ConclusionThese data suggest that hemodynamic load modulates CF signaling and secretion of ECM proteins. Molecular profiling is necessary to understand how LV hemodynamic changes impact CF‐dependent ECM regulation.
Epigenetics of Transgenerational Transmission of In Utero Nicotine‐Induced Asthma
Authors: Rehan Virender , Liu Jei , Sakurai Reiko , Torday John S 
Published: June 2021

Whether the in utero nicotine‐induced asthma risk is transmitted transgenerationally, and whether PPARγ agonists have any effect on this transmission risk are not known. Time‐mated Sprague Dawley rat dams received either placebo or nicotine from day 6 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 21. Following delivery, at PND21, pulmonary function tests, trachea tension studies, and expression levels of contractility proteins in the lungs and tracheas of generation 1 (F1), F2, and F3 rats were determined. As the putative basis for the transgenerational (TG) effect of nicotine on asthma, epigenetic changes in the lungs and gonads of the F1 offspring and the preventive effect of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) on these epigenetic changes and TG asthma risk were determined. In comparison to the control group, with perinatal nicotine exposure only to F0 rats, 1) F1 through F3 pups demonstrated the asthma phenotype in a gender‐specific manner, with more pronounced effects in males, along with global DNA methylation increase in the testes, decrease in the ovaries, without any change in the lung. All of these changes were blocked by RGZ administration during the perinatal period.(Grant Support: HL75405, HD51857, HD058948, HL55268, and 17RT‐0170).
Role of sodium pump β1 subunit in adult mouse lung alveolar fluid homeostasis
Authors: Flodby Per , Borok Zea , Gao Danping , Kim Yong Ho , Kim Kwang-Jin , Crandall Edward D 
Published: June 2021

Regulation of salt and water balance in the lung involves active alveolar epithelial ion (Na+) transport. The basolateral Na+, K+‐ ATPase (sodium pump) plays a crucial role by creating ionic and osmotic gradients across alveolar epithelium, leading to absorption of salt and water from alveolar spaces. The sodium pump contains three subunits (α,β,γ). The β1 subunit is the most highly expressed β isoform in adult lung, being present in both alveolar epithelial type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells. To elucidate the importance of the β1 subunit in adult mouse lung and its relative importance in AT1 vs AT2 cell function, we generated mice with knockout of the β1 subunit gene (Atp1b1) specifically in AT1 cells (Atp1b1Aqp5‐cre mice) or in both AT1 and AT2 cells (Atp1b1Sftpc‐cre mice). Lung transport function was assessed by alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) measurements in anesthetized mice. AFC in Atp1b1Aqp5‐cre mice was reduced 45%, while AFC in Atp1b1Sftpc‐cre mice was reduced almost 80%, compared to floxed controls (Atp1b1F/F). Terbutaline, a β‐adrenergic agonist, increased AFC in Atp1b1Sftpc‐cre mice (from 6.6 to 30.8% per hour) compared to controls (from 29.8 to 36.4% per hour). These data (1) indicate significant contributions to AFC from both AT1 and AT2 cells and (2) suggest the presence of β‐agonist‐inducible mechanisms that compensate for lack of the β1 subunit.Funding: NIH; Hastings and Whittier Foundations
Effect of temperature on isoproterenol‐induced increases in left ventricular developed pressure
Authors: Klabunde Richard , LePorte Andrew D. , Wilson Thad E. 
Published: June 2021

The goal of this project was to determine the effects of elevated temperature on preload‐dependent and independent regulation of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) in Langendorff‐perfused, electrically paced (420 bpm), Sprague‐Dawley rat hearts. LVDP responses to steady‐state isoproterenol (ISO) infusions (10−8 M) were determined at 37, 38, 39, and 40ºC. Preload‐dependent LVDP was determined at 37 and 40ºC. ISO‐induced LVDP and preload‐dependent LVDP time controls were conducted in a separate group at 37ºC. The percent increase in LVDP during ISO infusion significantly decreased to 42±6(SE) mmHg at 40ºC, compared to 55±9, 55±6, and 53±7 mmHg at 37, 38, and 39ºC, respectively. No significant differences were observed in corresponding time controls (50±6, 47±3, 56±4, and 56±5 mmHg). Preload‐dependent LVDP decreased across the experimental protocol, but there were no temperature effects. These data indicate that intrinsic heart contractility is not altered by moderate heating but is compromised at very high temperatures (40ºC). Furthermore, local temperature does not alter the inherent preload‐dependent LVDP.Funded by a NIOSH Education and Research Center Grant #T42/OH008432‐05.
Comparison of clock gene expression across skeletal muscles of different origins and functions
Authors: Weekman Erica Marie , Zhang Xiping , Esser Karyn A 
Published: June 2021

Circadian rhythms are approximate 24 hour cycles and are associated with many physiological processes in the body. The molecular clock mechanism that underlies circadian rhythms has been found to exist in all cells in both central and peripheral tissues. Our lab has demonstrated that clock genes oscillate in gastrocnemius muscle but nothing is known about clock gene expression in muscles that have different developmental origins and different functions. In this study we compared clock gene expression in gastrocnemius, tongue and diaphragm muscles that were collected from mice every 4 hr for 28 hr. RNA was isolated from each tissue and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine mRNA levels of select clock and clock‐controlled genes. The results indicate that core clock genes, Bmal1 and Per2, oscillate with a similar phase across all three muscles. However we found that other clock genes, including Per1 and Cry2 oscillated in gastrocnemius and diaphragm but not tongue. Previously characterized clock controlled genes, MyoD and PGC1 á were found not to oscillate in either diaphragm or tongue. These findings confirm that some core clock genes are oscillating in diverse skeletal muscle but identified that not all components of the clock are conserved.Support for this work is from NIH R01AR055246 to KAE.