bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and bioprosthetic valve replacement: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lacy Spencer C. , Saint Croix Garly R. , Porter Kadijah , Latib Azeem , Beohar Nirat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis compares direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation and bioprosthetic valve replacement or repair (BVR).BackgroundThe optimal anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of bioprosthetic valve replacement or repair (BVR) is not well understood.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies that compared anticoagulation therapies for patients with atrial fibrillation and BVR. The primary outcomes of stroke, major bleeding, and mortality were reported as random effects risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval. No prior ethical approval was required since all data is public.ResultsOur search yielded 101 potential studies. We included six studies reporting on 1911 patients. There was a lower risk of stroke and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation after BVR treated with DOACs when compared to VKAs with risk ratios of 0.44 (95% CI 0.24–0.82, p < 0.01) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.34–0.83, p < 0.01), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients with atrial fibrillation after BVR treated with DOACs compared to patients treated with VKAs with a risk ratio of 1.12 (95% CI 0.73–1.74, p = 0.60).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests that DOACs are superior to VKAs with respect to stroke and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and BVR.
Impact of Bioreactor Geometry on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Production in Stirred‐Tank Bioreactors
Authors: Petry Florian , Salzig Denise 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are manufactured as cell therapy products. This requires a tightly controlled and fully understood production process, usually taking place in a stirred‐tank bioreactor. In this review, the impact of bioreactor geometry as well as equipment‐related parameters is discussed. We provide a theoretical background for the engineering of hMSC spheroids with a defined size and evaluate the process parameters needed for the microcarrier‐based expansion of hMSCs. Finally, and based on experimental data, ideal bioreactor setups for each type of process are recommended.
A new approach for node centrality evaluation based on residual network performance measurement
Authors: Chen Bin , Wu Jianping 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe identification of the most influential nodes has been a vibrant subject in complex network research, with many applications across informational, social or biological networks. Despite substantial empirical studies, there is still some defect in the traditional approach for evaluating nodes centralities. The traditional approach for evaluating nodes centralities is to measure network performance change before and after a node fails. To be compatible with this approach, network performance measurement indexes should be monotonic and adequate, which is a constraint condition too strong to satisfy. As a result, many indexes were actually abused in some topologies of networks and the ranking result of nodes centralities may be unreasonable in some application scenarios. To solve the problem, the fundamental rationale of this approach is studied as well as its theoretical defect. Then, a new approach is proposed for evaluating node centrality based on measurement of residual network performance after a node fails. Furthermore, a new index called comprehensive distance is presented for measuring network interconnectedness whether cascading failure is considered or not, which is suitable for not only connected networks but also unconnected networks. Finally, some cases are used to test the validity of the proposed approach. By comparison, the ranking results of nodes centralities evaluated by the proposed approach are more accurate than the results evaluated by the traditional approach. The study about how to measure performance of residual network not only advances the field in terms of node centrality evaluation but also promotes the state of the art in recent related fields such as neural network research and application.
Testing the effects of incorporating TOPMODEL into the SSiB4/TRIFFID model and simulation of the response of vegetation dynamics and surface water cycle to climate changes in a subalpine basin of southwestern China
Authors: Deng Huiping , Dan Li , Xiao Yan , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo investigate the response of vegetation dynamics and surface water budget to climate change on a basin scale, the biophysical/dynamic vegetation model SSiB4/TRIFFID was coupled with TOPMODEL (hereinafter referred to as SSiB4T/TRIFFID). The effects of the integration on hydrological simulations were examined and long‐term dynamic simulations of vegetation succession and the water–carbon balance were performed under different climate scenarios for a subalpine basin of southwestern China using SSiB4T/TRIFFID. The coupled model SSiB4T/TRIFFID produces higher soil wetness and evapotranspiration, lower total run‐off and more realistic partitioning of discharges between surface run‐off and base flow. All long‐term simulations for the subalpine basin show that the fraction of vegetation changes from a dominance of C3 grasses to tundra shrubs and then to forests. Annual evapotranspiration in the control run is 388.5 mm year−1 (dominance of C3 grasses), 445.3 mm year−1 (dominance of tundra shrubs) and 388.1 mm year−1 (dominance of forests). Under an increase in temperature by 5°C and in precipitation by 40%, the evapotranspiration of forests is the highest among the three vegetation types. In the humid region, Forest evapotranspiration increases the most with increases in temperature, which results in the role of forests in increasing run‐off changing to having no significant effect on run‐off, and then to reducing run‐off. In regions with water limitation, forest evapotranspiration increases the most as precipitation increases. The effect of forests in reducing run‐off increases with increased precipitation. The spatial variation in the climate exerts an important impact on spatial changes in forest–run‐off relationships.
Pd‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Transthiolation of Ar‐OTf Using Methyl 3‐(Methylthio) Propanoate as a Thiol Surrogate
Authors: Pan Dandan , Xu Shasha , Tian Qingqiang , Li Yahui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA method for the odorless synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides via Csp2−O and Csp3−S bond activation is presented. Using methyl 3‐(methylthio) propanoate as a MeSH surrogate, a series of substituted aryl methyl sulfides have been obtained in moderate to good yields. This catalytic protocol can also tolerate methyl 3‐(methylthio)propionate derivatives to afford the corresponding aryl sulfides.
“Haliranium Ion”‐Induced Intermolecular Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation in HFIP: Synthesis of β,β‐Diaryl α‐Halo carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Bhattacharya Aditya , mani Shukla Pushpendra , Maji Biswajit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere reports a highly regio‐ and diastereoselective haliranium ion‐induced intermolecular Friedel‐Crafts reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds in HFIP. The operationally simple and mild method affords the synthetically useful β,β‐diarylated α‐halo carbonyl compounds in good yields after a very short reaction time. As an application, a few examples of β,β‐diarylated olefins are prepared in excellent yields. Based on the experimental results and a qualitative study of 1D‐NMR‐experiments, a plausible reaction mechanism is proposed.
A detailed solution framework for the out‐of‐plane displacement of circular dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Korn Daniel , Farmer Carson , Medina Hector 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe out‐of‐plane displacement (OPD) of a circular dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) membrane has been explored in recent years for a variety of important applications. Circular DEAs consist of an elastomer membrane that is prestretched to a rigid frame and coated with compliant electrodes. Such a simple configuration has found many interesting applications such as in pumps, pulse tracking, hopping search and rescue robots, dielectric elastomer generators for renewable energy harvesting, linear actuators, and many others. Here, we present an easy‐to‐implement solution framework of the OPD for circular DEAs via a detailed numerical solution using the shooting method (SM) on a system of differential algebraic equations (DAE). The material model incorporated follows the robust Gent hyperelastic representation, and a comparison (of the OPD of a single‐cone DEA) against a neo‐Hookean based solution is included. The SM‐based numerical solution to the resulting boundary value DAE problem is applied to a practical range of values based on the reported literature. Analysis of the results and comparison against other studies are provided. The current work provides a go‐to framework for implementation in further research and development that can be useful to a broader audience including nonexperts in the field of soft robotics.
Structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of AB5 hydrogen storage alloy by mechanical alloying
Authors: Dabaki Youssef , Khaldi Chokri , ElKedim Omar , Fenineche Nouredine , Lamloumi Jilani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanical alloying (MA) is one of the most promising methods in the development of intermetallic alloys and their scientific research. In this paper, elemental powder mixtures of Ca, Ni, and Mn of nominal composition CaNi5‐xMnx (with x = 0.3, 0.5, and 1) were elaborated by MA technique during different milling times (2–60 h). Structural, morphological, and electrochemical changes were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and Ec‐Lab galvanostat, respectively. The XRD test indicated that each alloy has Ni and CaNi3 or CaNi5 phases. In addition, the particle size of the ground powders is decreased with increasing milling time. Furthermore, all alloys have a very high activation capacity, whereby the activation capacity can be fully realized during the first cycle. The results showed that the most significant value of discharge capacity for all alloys was 40 h.
Catalytic pyrolysis of crofton weed: Comparison of their pyrolysis product and preliminary economic analysis
Authors: Lin Jin , Cheng Song 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPyrolysis of crofton weed with or without catalyst is investigated in a microwave furnace to determine the effect of ZnO and Na2CO3 catalyst on the yields and properties of pyrolysis products. The ZnO and Na2CO3 are found to increase the yield of bio‐oil and decrease the content of carboxylic acid in bio‐oil. The result shows that catalytic pyrolysis can improve the quality of bio‐oil. The bio‐gas produced from catalytic pyrolysis has larger content of CO and less CO2 as compared to non‐catalytic pyrolysis, particularly for ZnO catalyst pyrolysis process. ZnO and Na2CO3 improve the pore structure of bio‐char in the catalytic pyrolysis process. Bio‐char produced from ZnO catalytic pyrolysis could be used as photocatalyst to degrade dye wastewater. Besides, catalytic pyrolysis system is profitable, based on preliminary economic analysis. Our findings provide a successful example of crofton weed converting into three useful pyrolysis product, which is worthy of further study.
Experimental study of the seismic response of a structure set amongst closely adjacent structures
Authors: Barrios Gonzalo , Larkin Tam , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe influence of soil on the dynamic response of soil‐structure systems is usually studied on a stand‐alone (SA) structure, even though closely adjacent structures form the vast majority of the population, especially in large cities. When structures are closely adjacent to each other, the wavefield in the soil, generated by the vibration of the footings, produces a complex interaction between them. Scant attention, especially by physical experiments, has been paid to this interaction. This work addresses the seismic response of a single degree‐of‐freedom structure (structure of focus) considering the influence of one and two closely adjacent neighbours. Experiments were performed using a large laminar box filled with sand sitting on a shake table. Results from utilising four recorded ground motions from the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence are analysed. The effect of adjacent structures on the acceleration and displacement of the top mass of each structure, as well as the uplift of the footings, are discussed. Changes in the fundamental frequency due to the presence of neighbouring structures are identified. The use of the SA system, without consideration of closely adjacent structures, may result in a significant error in the estimation of the response of the structure of focus. In general, acceleration, lateral displacement and uplift reduced in comparison with that of the corresponding SA case. A footing settlement mechanism, resulting from uplift of the system that reflects the influence of adjacent structures, is also revealed.
Interstory drift based scaling of earthquake ground motions
Authors: Eren Numan , Sucuoğlu Halûk , Pinho Rui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel amplitude scaling procedure is proposed in this study where the ground motion scaling factors are defined as the ratio of interstory drift distributions under target spectrum versus under the associated ground motion spectrum. The advantage of employing interstory drift ratio in ground motion scaling, compared to employing spectral intensity directly, is that it provides a strong theoretical link between the target spectrum intensity and the fundamental dynamic characteristics of the structure. Hence, scaling is conditioned on structural response, which is in turn a function of seismic intensity. The interstory drift‐based scaling procedure (IDS) is presented herein for planar frames for brevity. Accuracy and efficiency of the IDS procedure is assessed under a set of near fault strong motions from large magnitude events. The results revealed that the proposed procedure is accurate since the resulting bias in estimating linear elastic interstory drifts is negligibly small. Further, it is noticeably more effective as compared to the conventional procedures suggested in recent seismic codes, yet it is simpler.
A method to improve the determination of ignition probability in buildings based on Bayesian network
Authors: Hu Jun , Shu Xueming , Shen Shifei , Yan Jun , Tian Fengshi , He Sheng , Ni Xiaoyong 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe traditional research of building fire probability analysis is from statistics or fire science. This paper combines the two methods and aims to improve the statistical method of building ignition probability determination according to the research conclusion of fire science. The specific factors that affect the ignition probability are divided into three aspects: humans, ignition sources and combustibles and environments. On this basis, the Bayesian network of building ignition probability is constructed, the nodes and conditional probability table in the Bayesian network are introduced in detail, according to which the ignition probability of building can be calculated quantitatively and objectively. Then some typical buildings are chosen as examples for the application of the method, the posterior probability value is calculated by obtaining the relevant building information and substituting them into the Bayesian network. The ignition probability is dynamic, and the comparison with the statistical data of building fire also proves its rationality.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐related decreases in corpus callosal integrity and corresponding increases in functional connectivity
Authors: Hall Shana A. , Bell Ryan P. , Davis Simon W. , Towe Sheri L. , Ikner Taylor P. , Meade Christina S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) often have neurocognitive impairment. However, findings on HIV‐related differences in brain network function underlying these impairments are inconsistent. One principle frequently absent from these reports is that brain function is largely emergent from brain structure. PLWH commonly have degraded white matter; we hypothesized that functional communities connected by degraded white matter tracts would show abnormal functional connectivity. We measured white matter integrity in 69 PLWH and 67 controls using fractional anisotropy (FA) in 24 intracerebral white matter tracts. Then, among tracts with degraded FA, we identified gray matter regions connected to these tracts and measured their functional connectivity during rest. Finally, we identified cognitive impairment related to these structural and functional connectivity systems. We found HIV‐related decreased FA in the corpus callosum body (CCb), which coordinates activity between the left and right hemispheres, and corresponding increases in functional connectivity. Finally, we found that individuals with impaired cognitive functioning have lower CCb FA and higher CCb functional connectivity. This result clarifies the functional relevance of the corpus callosum in HIV and provides a framework in which abnormal brain function can be understood in the context of abnormal brain structure, which may both contribute to cognitive impairment.
The USDA‐Agricultural Research Service's long term agro‐ecosystems Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, USA
Authors: Goodrich David C. , Heilman Philip , Nearing Mark , Nichols Mary , Scott Russ L. , Williams C. Jason , Biederman Joel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) is one of the premier semiarid research watersheds in the world. This data note provides background and an overview of the watershed, data collected on the watershed, and citations and links to detailed descriptions of the instruments methods to make the observations. The long title of the dataset is: USDA‐ARS WGEW Database curated by the USDA‐Agricultural Research Service's (ARS) Southwest Watershed Research Center.
Symmetry and Chirality: Where Physics Shakes Hands with Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Barron Laurence D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn reflecting the author's personal perspective, this review demonstrates how chirality is a unifying theme in modern science. Using the discrete symmetries of parity P, time reversal T and charge conjugation C to characterize chiral systems, the concepts of true and false chirality that emerge provide an extension of Lord Kelvin's definition to dynamic situations This clarifies the nature of physical influences able to induce absolute enantioselection, emphasizing the distinct behaviour of processes under thermodynamic and kinetic control. Parity violation and CP violation are suggested to be manifestations of true and false cosmic chirality, respectively, with possible roles in abiotic enantioselection. Truly chiral systems support time‐even pseudoscalar observables which endows chiroptical spectroscopies with a special sensitivity to absolute stereochemistry, exemplified by the application of vibrational Raman optical activity to small chiral organic molecules and intact viruses.
t(6; 11) renal cell carcinoma. A case report successfully diagnosed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Nishizawa Hidekazu , Baba Masaya , Furuya Mitsuko , Kato Ikuma , Kurahashi Ryoma , Honda Yumi , Mikami Yoshiki , Nagashima Yoji , Eto Masatoshi , Kamba Tomomi 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionDefinitive diagnosis of translocation renal cell carcinoma is challenging. We herein experienced a case of translocation(6;11) renal cell carcinoma, successfully diagnosed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization.Case presentationDuring the follow‐up of a 21‐year‐old man with Crohn's disease, computed tomography revealed a 40‐mm mass in the right kidney. Since imaging could not exclude malignancy, needle biopsy was performed. The histological diagnosis from the biopsy specimen was renal cell carcinoma, but histological typing had not been done adequately. A laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was then performed. Transcription factor EB immunoreactivity was positive, transcription factor EB rearrangement was shown by break apart and fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization. As a result, a definitive diagnosis of t(6; 11) renal cell carcinoma was made. There has been no recurrence for 5 years.ConclusionTranscription factor EB immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization are useful diagnostic tools for renal tumors of young generation.
Recurrent hemorrhagic shock from hemorrhagic cystitis due to neurogenic bladder
Authors: Isobe Teruki , Matsui Kenji , Ishioka Kunihiro , Mochida Yasuhiro , Moriya Hidekazu , Hidaka Sumi , Ohtake Takayasu , Etani Toshiki , Yasui Takahiro , Kobayashi Shuzo 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionHemorrhagic cystitis is characterized by gross hematuria, with hemorrhagic shock a rare complication. However, to our knowledge, its exact frequency has not been reported.Case presentationWe report a case of an 86‐year‐old woman who showed repeated hemorrhagic cystitis with massive bleeding and hemorrhagic shock. The hemorrhagic cystitis was supposedly caused by the administration of aspirin and a neurogenic bladder. A urethral catheter was indwelled and hemorrhagic cystitis subsequently ceased.ConclusionA review of patients with hemorrhagic cystitis at our hospital showed that only 3.3% experienced hemorrhagic shock. This case was even rarer because the patient experienced recurrent hemorrhagic shocks. A neurogenic bladder, which reduces the bladder’s ability to function as a uroepithelial barrier against recurrent bacterial infections, caused the condition in this case. This report highlights how hemorrhagic cystitis can sometimes cause hemorrhagic shock.
Electrode materials for brain–machine interface: A review
Authors: Wu Nan , Wan Shu , Su Shi , Huang Haizhou , Dou Guangbin , Sun Litao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrain–machine interface (BMI) is a device that translates neuronal information into commands, which is capable of controlling external software or hardware, such as a computer or robotic arm. In consequence, the electrodes with desirable electrical and mechanical properties for direct interacting between neural tissues and machines serves as the crucial and critical part of BMI technology. Nowadays, the development of material science provides many advanced electrodes for neural stimulating and recording. Particularly, the widespread applications of nanotechnologies have innovatively introduced biocompatible electrode that can have similar characteristics with neural tissue. This paper reviews the existing problems and discusses the latest development of electrode materials for BMI, including conducting polymers, silicon, carbon nanowires, graphene, and hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials. In addition, we will inspect at the technical and scientific challenges in the development of neural electrode for a broad application of BMI with focus on the biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical performance of electrode materials.image