bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory variability in network parameters enhances memory performance in the
Drosophila
mushroom body
Authors: Abdelrahman Nada Y. , Vasilaki Eleni , Lin Andrew C. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
How does variability between neurons affect neural circuit function? How might neurons behave similarly despite having different underlying features? We addressed these questions in neurons called Kenyon cells, which store olfactory memories in flies. Kenyon cells differ among themselves in key features that affect how active they are, and in a model of the fly’s memory circuit, adding this interneuronal variability made the model fly worse at learning the values of multiple odors. However, memory performance was rescued if compensation between the variable underlying features allowed Kenyon cells to be equally active on average, and we found the hypothesized compensatory variability in real Kenyon cells’ anatomy. This work reveals the existence and computational benefits of compensatory variability in neural networks.
Transformational machine learning: Learning how to learn from many related scientific problems
Authors: Olier Ivan , Orhobor Oghenejokpeme I. , Dash Tirtharaj , Davis Andy M. , Soldatova Larisa N. , Vanschoren Joaquin , King Ross D. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Machine learning (ML) is the branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that develops computational systems that learn from experience. In supervised ML, the ML system generalizes from labelled examples to learn a model that can predict the labels of unseen examples. Examples are generally represented using features that directly describe the examples. For instance, in drug design, ML uses features that describe molecular shape and so on. In cases where there are multiple related ML problems, it is possible to use a different type of feature: predictions made about the examples by ML models learned on other problems. We call this transformational ML. We show that this results in better predictions and improved understanding when applied to scientific problems.
In situ investigation of water on MXene interfaces
Authors: Zaman Wahid , Matsumoto Ray A. , Thompson Matthew W. , Liu Yu-Hsuan , Bootwala Yousuf , Dixit Marm B. , Nemsak Slavomir , Crumlin Ethan , Hatzell Marta C. , Cummings Peter T. , Hatzell Kelsey B. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Water organization at solid–liquid interfaces plays a critical role in a range of applications related to adsorption, membrane separations, energy storage, and catalysis. Currently, our understanding of molecular water at solid interfaces is limited to macroscopic and bulk measurement approaches. These interrogation techniques lack the spatial and temporal resolutions necessary to detect how water interacts with local heterogeneous chemical microenvironments governed by surface chemistry, solutes, etc. This work reveals the interaction between water and two-dimensional MXenes by combining in situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and molecular dynamics simulation. This work demonstrates how the size of a solute (cation) governs transport within confined nanochannels and the hydration energy of the solute governs water adsorption/desorption properties at exposed surfaces.
Recognition of the antigen-presenting molecule MR1 by a Vδ3+γδ T cell receptor
Authors: Rice Michael T. , von Borstel Anouk , Chevour Priyanka , Awad Wael , Howson Lauren J. , Littler Dene R. , Gherardin Nicholas A. , Le Nours Jérôme , Giles Edward M. , Berry Richard , Godfrey Dale I. , Davey Martin S. , Rossjohn Jamie , Gully Benjamin S. 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceAlongside αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells comprise a major component of the adaptive immune system, although a lack of bona fide ligands has hindered understanding of their function. γδ T cells are key mediators of epithelial immune surveillance and have a purported capacity for employing diverse ligand engagement mechanisms beyond the dogmas of conventional αβ T cell–human leukocyte antigen restriction. Here, we found blood- and gut-resident Vδ1/2−γδ T cells bound to MR1 tetramers in a metabolite-independent mechanism distinct from mucosal-associated invariant T cells and provide insight into a unique antibody-like MR1 recognition mode. This reshapes our understanding of the ligand recognition principles of γδ T cells and how they differ from αβ T cells.
Validity of a novel device for indoor analysis of cyclists’ drag area
Authors: Ordiñana‐Pérez M. , Mateo‐March M. , Monteagudo P. , Zabala M. , Blasco‐Lafarga C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose: Cyclists need to measure aerodynamic resistance accurately and reliably, as well as economically. Devices such as Notio Aerostick, an equipment device that includes one pitot tube, have appeared for this purpose. The aim of this study is, therefore, to test the reliability and degree of agreement in the evaluation of the CdA (coefficient of aerodynamic drag), assessed by means of the Notio Aerostick compared to the Virtual Elevation (VE) and Martin mathematical models. Method: Seventeen professional cyclists rode in a 250‐metre‐long velodrome covered with a concrete surface with their own time trial bikes. Each cyclist completed three rides of 15 laps at constant speed for the evaluation of the CdA, each of them in a different position [Baseline (B), Change 1 (C1) and Change 2 (C2)]. Results: The differences in CdA between methods were found for Martin in comparison with VE in all positions (p <.001) and with Notio Aerostick in B and C2 (p>. 05). About differences of CdA for each method, considering between position changes, the results were the same for VE and Martin, but different for Notio Aerostick. Conclusions: Findings suggest that, notwithstanding Notio Aerostick is valid if we compare CdA values with respect to VE, since the direction of their between‐positions CdA changes differs, the results of their aerodynamic evaluation could lead us to recommend different final setups. We need studies that evaluate different units of the Notio Aerostick device as well as the reliability and precision of each sensor that includes Notio Aerostick.
Highlights
The CdA calculated by the Notio Aerostick and VE, a mathematical model previously validated, can be interchangeable, however the final position recommended by each method may be different, since the changes in the following position are given by the changes of the CdA in the previous position.
None of the three methods allowed elite cyclists to measure statistically significant differences between the proposed setups.
Although the CdA differences between positions were not significant, they can be decisive in the final result of a time trial competition.
Final report on CCQM-K19.2018 key comparison on pH of an unknown borate buffer
Authors: Asakai Toshiaki , Maksimov Igor , Prokunin Sergey , Vengina Daria , Oganyan Narine , Dobrovolskiy Vladimir , Dániel Nagy , Szilágyi Zsofia ; , Dimitrova Lyudmila , Bezeva Katya , Aparicio ; Luis Ortiz , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Roziková Matilda , Vicarova Martina , Dumańska Joanna , Pawlina Monika , Delgado Mabel , Avendaño Paola , Gonzaga Fabiano Barbieri , Pardellas Leonardo da Silva , Puelles Mabel , Lozano ;n , Quendera Raquel , Fajardo Simone , Ferreira Elizabeth , Hongyu Xiu , Bing Wu , Tangpaisarnkul Nongluck , Rodruangthum Patumporn , Bastkowski Frank , Sander Beatrice , Hanková Zuzana , Máriássy Michal , Gavrilkin Vladimir V , Petrenko Anton V 
Published: November 2021

Main text
This key comparison CCQM-K19.2018, as a repetition of the previous study CCQM-K19 from 2005, was performed to evaluate the degree of equivalence of measurement procedures of participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) for the determination of pH of borate buffer solutions. The nominal pH value of the buffer was 9.2 at 25 °C and the suggested measurement temperatures were 5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C and 50 °C. Good agreement of the results is demonstrated by most participants.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The ferroelastic phase transition in hydrogen cyanide studied by density functional theory
Authors: Peng Jie , Zhang Sijie , Refson Keith , Dove Martin T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report calculations of the crystal structures and lattice dynamics of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of the molecular crystal hydrogen cyanide, HCN, using density functional theory methods. By treating negative pressure as a proxy for raising temperature we show that the ferroelastic phase transition involves softening of a transverse acoustic mode, and confirm that the phase transition is discontinuous. Analysis of the complete phonon spectrum shows that the acoustic modes are responsible both for the very large thermal expansion seen in HCN and also for the thermodynamic driving force for the phase transition.
Combined enhanced redox kinetics and physiochemical confinement in three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous TiN for highly stable lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Jiabing , Hu Chenchen , Gao Wanjie , Li Haipeng , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with tremendous energy density possess great promise for the next-generation energy storage devices. Even though, the shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously restrict practical applications of Li–S batteries. Herein, a three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous TiN (3DOM TiN) nanostructure is established via using poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA spheres as template. The interconnected macro/mesoporous channels are constructed to effectively alleviate the stacking of composite materials and render a large portion of inherent active sites exposed on the surface region. Moreover, TiN exhibits high electrical conductivity, which efficiently enhances charge-transfer kinetics and guarantees the favorable electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. More importantly, the as-prepared 3DOM TiN suppresses the shuttle effect and improves the redox kinetics significantly due to strong affinity toward LiPSs. Attributed to these unique features, the S/3DOM TiN electrode achieves an ultrahigh initial discharge capacity of 1187 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and stable cycling performance of 552 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at 1 C. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity retention of 701 mAh g−1 (3.5 mAh cm−2) can be endowed for the S/3DOM TiN electrode under high sulfur loading of 5 mg cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Therefore, the 3DOM TiN nanostructure electrocatalyst provides a promising path for developing practically useable Li–S batteries.
Effects of cross-sectional area and aspect ratio coupled with orientation on mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Cu nanowires
Authors: Cao Hui , Chen Wenke , Rui Zhiyuan , Yan Changfeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Metal nanomaterials exhibit excellent mechanical properties compared with corresponding bulk materials and have potential applications in various areas. Despite a number of studies of the size effect on Cu nanowires mechanical properties with square cross-sectional, investigations of them in rectangular cross-sectional with various sizes at constant volume are rare, and lack of multifactor coupling effect on mechanical properties and quantitative investigation. In this work, the dependence of mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of Cu nanowires/nanoplates under tension on cross-sessional area, aspect ratio of cross-sectional coupled with orientation were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and the semi-empirical expressions related to mechanical properties were proposed. The simulation results show that the Young’s modulus and the yield stress sharply increase with the aspect ratio except for the 〈110〉{110}{001} Cu nanowires/nanoplates at the same cross-sectional area. And the Young’s modulus increases while the yield stress decreases with the cross-sectional area of Cu nanowires. However, both of them increase with the cross-sectional area of Cu nanoplates. Besides, the Young’s modulus increases with the cross-sectional area at all the orientations. The yield stress shows a mildly downward trend except for the 〈111〉 Cu nanowires with increased cross-sectional area. For the Cu nanowires with a small cross-sectional area, the surface force increases with the aspect ratio. In contrast, it decreases with the aspect ratio increase at a large cross-sectional area. At the cross-sectional area of 13.068 nm2, the surface force decreases with the aspect ratio of the 〈110〉 Cu nanowires while it increases at other orientations. The surface force is a linearly decreasing function of the cross-sectional area at different orientations. Quantitative studies show that Young’s modulus and yield stress to the aspect ratio of the Cu nanowires satisfy exponent relationship. In addition, the main deformation mechanism of Cu nanowires is the nucleation and propagation of partial dislocations while it is the twinning-dominated reorientation for Cu nanoplates.
A transparent, self-powered photodetector based on p-CuI/n-TiO2 heterojunction film with high on–off ratio
Authors: Zuo Chaolei , Cai Sa , Li Ziliang , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) can monitor UV radiation, enabling it to be effective for many applications, such as communication, imaging and sensing. The rapid progress on portable and wearable optoelectronic devices places a great demand on self-powered PDs. However, high-performance self-powered PDs are still limited. Herein we display a transparent and self-powered PD based on a p-CuI/n-TiO2 heterojunction, which exhibits a high on–off ratio (∼104 at 310 nm) and a fast response speed (rise time/decay time = 0.11 ms/0.72 ms) without bias. Moreover, the device shows an excellent UV-selective sensitivity as a solar-blind UV PD with a high UV/visible rejection ratio (R
300 nm/R
400 nm = 5.3 × 102), which can be ascribed to the wide bandgaps of CuI and TiO2. This work provides a feasible route for the construction of transparent, self-powered PDs based on p–n heterojunctions.
Simulation of nonlinear standing wave excitation in very-high-frequency asymmetric capacitive discharges: roles of radial plasma density profile and rf power
Authors: Zhou Fang-Jie , Zhao Kai , Wen De-Qi , Liu Jian-Kai , Liu Yong-Xin , Wang You-Nian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is recognized that in large-area, very-high-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (VHF CCP) reactors, the higher harmonics generated by nonlinear sheath motion can lead to enhanced standing wave excitation. In this work, a self-consistent electromagnetic model, which couples a one-dimensional, radial nonlinear transmission line model with a bulk plasma fluid model, is employed to investigate the nonlinear standing wave excitation in a VHF driven, geometrically asymmetric capacitive argon discharge operated at low pressure. By considering a radially non-uniform plasma density profile (case I) calculated self-consistently by the nonlinear electromagnetic model and the corresponding radially-averaged, uniform plasma density profile (case II), we first examine the effect of the plasma density non-uniformity on the propagation of electromagnetic surface waves in a 3 Pa argon discharge driven at 100 MHz and 90 W. Compared to case II, the higher plasma density at the radial center in case I determines a higher plasma series resonance frequency, yielding stronger high-order harmonic excitations and more significant central peak in the harmonic current density J
z,n
and the harmonic electron power absorption p

n
profiles. Therefore, under the assumption of the radially uniform plasma density in a CCP discharge, the self-excitation of higher harmonics at the radial center should be underestimated. Second, using the self-consistent electromagnetic model, the effect of the rf power on the excitation of nonlinear standing waves is investigated in a 3 Pa argon discharge driven at 100 MHz. At a low power of 30 W, the discharge is dominated by the first two harmonics. The higher harmonic excitations and the nonlinear standing waves are observed to be enhanced with increasing the rf power, resulting in a more pronounced central peak in the radial profiles of the total electron power absorption density p
e, the electron temperature T
e, and the electron density n
e. For all rf powers, the calculated radial profiles of n
e show good agreement with the experimental data obtained by a floating double probe.
Boson dark matter halos with a dominant noncondensed component
Authors: Abdullin Iskander G. , Popov Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider galaxy halos formed by dark matter bosons with mass in the range of about a few tens or hundreds eV. A major part of the particles is in a noncondensed state and described under the Thomas-Fermi approach. Derived equations are solved numerically to find the halo density profile.
The noncondensed state is supported in the entire halo except compact gravitationally bounded Bose-Einstein condensates. Although the size of these compact objects, also known as Bose stars, depends on interactions between the particles, its upper limit is only about 100 astronomical units. The Bose stars collect the condensed bosons providing a density cusp avoidance in the halo as well as a natural mechanism to prevent overproduction of small halos.
Clusters of the Bose stars can also contribute to the halo density profile.
The model is analyzed by confronting its predictions with observations of galaxy rotation curves. We employ 22 low surface brightness galaxies and obtain that the model is consistent with the observational data when the particle mass is in the range above about 50 eV and the best fit corresponds to the mass m = 86 eV. This mass is appropriate for relic dark matter bosons, which decouple just after QCD phase transition.
Finite size effect on dissociation and diffusion of chiral partners in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model *
Authors: Deb Paramita , Ghosh Sabyasachi , Prakash Jai , Das Santosh Kumar , Varma Raghava 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The masses of pion and sigma meson modes, along with their dissociation in the quark medium, provide detailed spectral structures of the chiral partners. Collectivity has been observed in pA and pp systems both at LHC and RHIC. In this research, we studied the restoration of chiral symmetry by investigating the finite size effect on the detailed structure of chiral partners in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Their diffusion and conduction have been studied using this dissociation mechanism. It is determined that the masses, widths, diffusion coefficients, and conductivities of chiral partners merge at different temperatures in the restoration phase of chiral symmetry. However, merging points are shifted to lower temperatures when finite size effect is introduced into the picture. The strengths of diffusions and conductions are also reduced once the finite size is introduced in the calculations.
Underground Measurement of 6Li(p,γ)7Be and 6Li(p,3He)4He Performed at LUNA
Authors: Chillery T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Proton-induced reactions on 6Li play an important role in nuclear astrophysics studies in relation to primordial lithium abundances. Whilst big bang nucleosynthesis theory excludes the existence of primordial 6Li, the 6Li/7Li abundance ratio observed in pre-main sequence stars is ≃ 0.5. The 6Li(p,3He)4He and 6Li(p,γ)7Be reactions are the main processes that contribute to 6Li destruction in stars. Both reactions were recently studied at LUNA via proton bombardment of 6Li-enriched targets, with complementary target composition studies performed at HZDR. Improvements on the precision of the low-energy S-factor values are expected from this study. Notably, the low-background measurement at LUNA will assist the search for a recently claimed 6Li(p,γ)7Be low energy resonance at E
r ≃ 195 keV. I present the LUNA experimental setup and preliminary results of the ongoing analysis.
Improvement of seismic radon station SRS - 05
Authors: Belashev B Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Designed on the base of seismic radon station SRS-05 hardware and software complex receives and forms the data of the measurements from station, perform the archiving of the data and sends it to the end users. Besides, the complex realises remote control by station. Additional devices of this complex do not influence the process of measuring of the station and just provide access to the internet and data transfer to specified ftp-server directly via the network or the mobile in places with lack of cable infrastructures. New functional properties increase the adaptive capabilities of the complex, provide its autonomous work and contribute to its transformation into a smart sensor module for monitoring of an environment. Small dimensions and low power consumption of its components provide greater mobility of the complex and increase the time of its autonomous operation.
Features of nanocomposite powder paints spreading with the addition of aluminum oxide nanofibers
Authors: Simunin M M , Chirkov D Yu , Fadeev Yu V , Voronin A S , Samoilo A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the effect of violation of the spreading of powder paints when they are compounded with nanofibers of aluminum oxide. It is shown that with the addition of small fractions of aluminum oxide nanofibers equal to 0.05 wt%, the grains of the powder paint do not have time to wet each other, the crosslinking of the coating structure occurs up to this point, which is fixed by a characteristic granular texture. The paper also illustrates the features of the distribution of nanofibers of aluminum oxide in the coating. The increase in cohesion energy leads to a natural increase in the surface tension in the paint, which we observe in the form of the characteristic morphology of the coating. Investigation of coatings of a reference powder paint and a modified addition of aluminum oxide nanofibers) were carried out using an optical microscope. Separately, the morphology of the resin was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the proportion of the flow agent based on acrylic compounds in the polyester resin from 0.8 to 1.8 wt% solves this problem, while the strengthening effect of nanofibers of alumina in the paint is retained.
Features of heating of a porous medium containing a liquid by an acoustic field
Authors: Khusainov I G , Chiglintseva A S , Gimaltdinov I K , Stolpovsky M V , Davletshina M R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A mathematical model of the problem of heating a porous medium containing a liquid by an acoustic field is presented. Assuming that the main mechanism that converts the energy of the wave field in a porous medium into heat is the force of viscous friction between the saturating liquid and the skeleton, the function of a volumetric heat source for the process of heating a porous medium using an acoustic field is constructed. The dependences of the power of a heat source on the parameters of the wave field and the parameters determining the state of a porous medium are analyzed.