bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting involuntary hospitalization in psychiatry: A machine learning investigation
Authors: Silva Benedetta , Gholam Mehdi , Golay Philippe , Bonsack Charles , Morandi Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Coercion in psychiatry is a controversial issue. Identifying its predictors and their interaction using traditional statistical methods is difficult, given the large number of variables involved. The purpose of this study was to use machine-learning (ML) models to identify socio-demographic, clinical and procedural characteristics that predict the use of compulsory admission on a large sample of psychiatric patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the routinely collected data of all psychiatric admissions that occurred between 2013 and 2017 in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (N = 25,584). The main predictors of involuntary hospitalization were identified using two ML algorithms: Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Random Forests (RFs). Their predictive power was compared with that obtained through traditional logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses were also performed and missing data were imputed through multiple imputation using chain equations.

Results
The three models achieved similar predictive balanced accuracy, ranging between 68 and 72%. CART showed the lowest predictive power (68%) but the most parsimonious model, allowing to estimate the probability of being involuntarily admitted with only three checks: aggressive behaviors, who referred the patient to hospital and primary diagnosis. The results of CART and RFs on the imputed data were almost identical to those obtained on the original data, confirming the robustness of our models.

Conclusions
Identifying predictors of coercion is essential to efficiently target the development of professional training, preventive strategies and alternative interventions. ML methodologies could offer new effective tools to achieve this goal, providing accurate but simple models that could be used in clinical practice.
Cancer Registration in the Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey: Scope and Challenges
Authors: Abdul-Sater Zahi , Shamseddine Ali , Taher Ali , Fouad Fouad , Abu-Sitta Ghassan , Fadhil Ibtihal , Saab Raya , Sullivan Richard , Adib Salim M. , Saleh Shadi , Mukherji Deborah ,   on behalf of ICRIM
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE National cancer control strategies have been identified as essential tools for reducing and managing the growing burden of cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Cancer registration is an instrumental component of any cancer control strategy, providing the data to inform effective cancer policy. In the Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey (MENAT) region, cancer registration varies immensely and faces multifaceted challenges including protracted conflict. This study investigates and maps out the present capacities and outputs of cancer registration in the MENAT region and identifies thematic barriers facing implementation and utilization of cancer registry data. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a self-administered online survey with open and close-ended questions targeting national and institutional cancer registry managers in the MENAT countries. RESULTS Registry managers from 19 MENAT countries reported the presence of 97 population-based, 48 hospital-based, and 24 pathology-based registries. Most population-based registries were well- or partially developed. Lack of accurate death records, complete medical records, and communication between stakeholders and deficiencies in trained personnel were critical challenges that were more severe in active conflict zones and neighboring conflict-affected regions. Cancer registration challenges included weak health infrastructure, absence of legislation mandating cancer registration, and disruption of cancer registration because of active conflict and loss of funding. Refugee host countries, such as Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan, also reported conflict-related challenges including refugee mobility and lack of accurate data on forced migrants. CONCLUSION This study provides a much-needed understanding of the current landscape and contextual challenges affecting cancer registration in the MENAT. These data are important for identifying areas on which to focus regional capacity-strengthening initiatives.
Colorectal Cancers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—Demographic Pattern and Clinical Profile of 970 Patients Treated at a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in India
Authors: Deo S. V. S. , Kumar Sunil , Bhoriwal Sandeep , Shukla N. K. , Sharma Atul , Thulkar Sanjay , Das Prasenjit , Bhagat Prakash , Dhall Kunal , Pathy Sushmita , Mohanti B. K. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality. A relatively low burden of CRC has been reported from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and there is a paucity of publications related to CRC from LMIC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A computerized comprehensive structured CRC clinical database was developed. All the patients with histopathologically proven CRC undergoing either curative and palliative multimodality management or surgical interventions between 2000 and 2019 were included in the study. A descriptive analysis of the demographic profile and clinical spectrum was performed. RESULTS A total of 970 patients of CRC were treated between 2000 and 2019. Of these, 401 patients (41.3%) had colon cancer and 569 (58.7%) had rectal cancer. The male-to-female ratio was 1.79:1. The mean age at presentation was 47.7 years. A total of 337 (34.7%) patients qualified as young CRC (≤ 40 years of age at diagnosis). The commonest symptom among patients with colon cancer was abdominal pain; 55.6% of patients had a right-sided primary tumor as compared with 42.2% with left-sided tumors. The commonest symptom among patients with rectal cancer was bleeding per rectum. The predominant location of the tumor was in the lower rectum (58%). Majority of patients with CRC presented with locally advanced stage II and III disease. The most common histologic subtype encountered for both colon and rectal cancers was adenocarcinoma (84.8% and 81.2%, respectively). CONCLUSION This study has revealed certain important findings related to CRC in LMIC including a higher burden of young colorectal cancer, a relatively higher proportion of rectal cancers in comparison with colon cancer, a high percentage of patients with low-rectal cancer, and advanced stage at presentation.
Therapeutic Potential for Cannabinoids in Sports Medicine: Current Literature Review
Authors: Naik Heli , Trojian Thomas H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cannabidiol and other cannabinoids are being used more frequently for sports medicine–related conditions. This review will help sports medicine clinicians answer questions that their athletes and active patients have about the potential effectiveness of cannabinoids on common sports medicine conditions. In the article, the authors compare cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects, noting the difference on the endocannabinoid and nonendocannabinoid receptors. The theoretical benefits of these two compounds and the current legality in the United States surrounding cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol use also are addressed.
Vector-Field dynamic X-ray (VF-DXR) using Optical Flow Method
Authors: Hino Takuya , Tsunomori Akinori , Fukumoto Takenori , Hata Akinori , Ueyama Masako , Kurosaki Atsuko , Yoneyama Tsutomu , Nagatsuka Sumiya , Kudoh Shoji , Hatabu Hiroto 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
To explore the feasibility of Vector-Field DXR (VF-DXR) using optical flow method (OFM).

Methods:
Five healthy volunteers and five COPD patients were studied. DXR was performed in the standing position using a prototype X-ray system (Konica Minolta Inc., Tokyo, Japan). During the examination, participants took several tidal breaths and one forced breath. DXR image file was converted to the videos with different frames per second (fps): 15 fps, 7.5 fps, five fps, three fps, and 1.5 fps. Pixel-value gradient was calculated by the serial change of pixel value, which was subsequently converted mathematically to motion vector using OFM. Color-coding map and vector projection into horizontal and vertical components were also tested.

Results:
Dynamic motion of lung and thorax was clearly visualized using VF-DXR with an optimal frame rate of 5 fps. Color-coding map and vector projection into horizontal and vertical components were also presented. VF-DXR technique was also applied in COPD patients.

Conclusion:
The feasibility of VF-DXR was demonstrated with small number of healthy subjects and COPD patients.

Advances in knowledge:
A new Vector-Field Dynamic X-ray (VF-DXR) technique is feasible for dynamic visualization of lung, diaphragms, thoracic cage, and cardiac contour.
Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in pediatric patients: preliminary toxicity results of a national prospective multicenter study
Authors: Di Perri Dario , Jouglar Emmanuel , Blanc Ellen , Ducassou Anne , Huchet Aymeri , Vigneron Céline , Escande Alexandre , Chapet Sophie , Leseur Julie , Bernier Valérie , Carrie Christian , Martin Valentine , Claude Line 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
While hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been largely adopted in the adult setting, its use remains limited in pediatric patients. This is due, among other factors, to fear of potential toxicities of hypofractionated regimens at a young age. In this context, we report the preliminary acute (&lt;3 months from SBRT) and middle-term (3–24 months) toxicity results of a national prospective study investigating SBRT in pediatric patients.

Methods:
Between 2013 and 2019, 61 patients were included. The first 40 patients (median age: 12 y, range: 3–20) who completed a 2-year-follow-up were included in the present analysis. SBRT was used for treating lung, brain or (para)spinal lesions, either as first irradiation (35%) or in the reirradiation setting (65%).

Results:
Acute and middle-term grade ≥2 toxicities occurred in 12.5 and 7.5% of the patients, respectively. No grade ≥4 toxicities occurred. Almost all toxicities occurred in the reirradiation setting.

Conclusion:
SBRT showed a favorable safety profile in young patients treated for lung, brain, and (para)spinal lesions.

Advances in knowledge:
SBRT appeared to be safe in pediatric patients treated for multiple oncology indications. These results support further evaluation of SBRT, which may have a role to play in this patient population in the future.
Evaluation of foot hypoperfusion and estimation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty outcome in patients with critical limb ischemia using intravoxel incoherent motion microperfusion MRI
Authors: Galanakis Nikolaos , Maris Thomas G , Kalaitzakis Georgios , Kontopodis Nikolaos , Matthaiou Nikolas , Charalambous Stavros , Tsetis Konstantinos , Ioannou Christos V , Karantanas Apostolos , Tsetis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
To emerge hypoperfusion of lower limbs in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion microperfusion magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-MRI). Moreover to examine the ability of IVIM-MRI to differentiate patients with severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) from normal subjects and evaluate the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) results in patients with CLI.

Methods:
Eight patients who presented with CLI and six healthy volunteers were examined. The patients underwent IVIM-MRI of lower extremity before and following PTA. The imaging protocol included sagittal diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences. DW images were analyzed and color parametric maps of the micro-circulation of blood inside the capillary network (D*) were constructed. The studies were evaluated by two observers to define interobserver reproducibility.

Results:
Technical success was achieved in all patients (8/8). The mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.35 ± 0.2 to 0.76 ± 0.25 (p &lt; 0.05). Successful revascularization improved IVIM microperfusion. Mean D* increased from 279.88 ± 13.47 10−5 mm2/s to 331.51 ± 31 10−5 mm2/s, following PTA, p &lt; 0.05. Moreover, PAD patients presented lower D* values as compared to healthy individuals (279.88 ± 13.47 10−5 mm2/s vs 332.47 ± 22.95 10−5 mm2/s, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Good interobserver agreement was obtained with an ICC = 0.84 (95% CI 0.64–0.93).

Conclusions:
IVIM-MRI can detect differences in microperfusion between patients with PAD and healthy individuals. Moreover, significant restitution of IVIM microperfusion is found following successful PTA.

Advances in knowledge:
IVIM-MRI is a safe, reproducible and effective modality for evaluation of lower limb hypoperfusion in patients with PAD. It seems also to be a helpful tool to detect changes of tissue perfusion in patients with CLI following revascularization.
Tumour growth rates of prostate cancer during active surveillance: is there a difference between MRI-visible low and intermediate-risk disease?
Authors: Giganti Francesco , Allen Clare , Stavrinides Vasilis , Stabile Armando , Haider Aiman , Freeman Alex , Pashayan Nora , Punwani Shonit , Emberton Mark , Moore Caroline M , Kirkham Alex 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in lesion volume on serial multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) during active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Methods:
A total of 160 patients with a targeted biopsy-confirmed visible lesion on mpMRI, stratified by low- and intermediate-risk disease (Gleason Grade Group 1 vs Gleason Grade Group 2), were analysed. The % change per year was calculated using the formula: [(final volume/initial volume) exp (1/interval between scans in years)]-1.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the annual median percentage change between Gleason Grade Group 1 (18%) and Gleason Grade Group 2 (23%) disease (p = 0.16), and between ≤ 10% (23%) and &gt; 10% (22%) of Gleason pattern 4 (p = 0.78).
Assuming a spherical lesion, these changes corresponded to annual increases in mean tumour diameter of 6% and 7% for Gleason Grade Group 1 and Gleason Grade Group 2 respectively, which may be less than the interscan variability of serial mpMRI.

Conclusion:
In an active surveillance cohort, we did not see a significant difference in the annual growth rate of Gleason Grade Group 1 and 2 tumours.

Advances in knowledge:
In patients on active surveillance, the measured growth rates for visible tumours in Gleason Grade Groups 1 and 2 were similar. The annual growth rate was small in most cases and this may have implications for the MRI follow-up interval in active surveillance.
An ultrasound protocol for temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study
Authors: Tonni Ingrid , Borghesi Andrea , Tonesi Silvia , Fossati Giulia , Ricci Francesca , Visconti Luca 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: As it is well known, the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is important to avoid the impairment of mandibular growth. In this context, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard for detection of TMJ involvement, however it is expensive and requires patients’ collaboration. The aim of this study was to evaluate if ultrasound may be used as an alternative tool to investigate the acute signs of TMJ involvement in JIA patients. Methods: Lateral periarticular space (LPAS) and joint effusion were evaluated by ultrasound in a study Group A of 8 JIA children (11.6±3.5 years old) with 14 TMJs involved, as confirmed by MRI, and in a control Group B of 7 healthy children (9.3±1.2 years old) without temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The LPAS width values were compared between the two groups using the Mann–Whitney test. The ultrasound images of the JIA group were then matched with the corresponding MR images; the Spearman Rank Correlation test and the Bland–Altman test were used to evaluate the differences. Results: The LPAS values in Group A were statistically significantly higher than those in Group B (p < 0.001). There was no overlap of the LPAS values confidence intervals (CIs) between the two groups. No signs of joint effusion were identified in groups A and B. The Spearman test applied to the values of LPAS measured in ultrasound and the corresponding MR images showed a proportional positive correlation with a ρ of 0.623 and a p < 0.05. Conclusions: Ultrasound can detect differences in the TMJ features between JIA patients and healthy patients and it might be used as a follow-up tool in the assessment of TMJ involvement in subject affected by JIA.
A simple graded bite block for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Szopinski Kazimierz , Regulski Piotr A. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: New solutions for the dynamic assessment of the moving structures of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), such as the intra-articular disc and the head of the mandible, are required for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, we propose a simple, graded bite block for dynamic MRI examination of the TMJ. Methods: The bite block consists of three main functional elements: a groove for the biting edges of the upper incisors, steps with bite surfaces for the biting edges of the lower incisors and a handle for easy placement and control of the device. The block is easily manufactured using commercially available 3D printers. The closed-mouth part of the study was performed without the bite block. The patient was instructed to place the central incisors’ biting edges in the upper groove. The lower incisors’ biting edges were placed consecutively on the first step, second step, and so on, in increasing order, until maximal opening was reached. Results: Ninety-five MR examinations of TMJs were performed. The graded opening bite block was successfully applied in all but two patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, the simple and easy-to-use graded bite block may be a useful addition to the armamentarium of a radiologist performing MRI scans of the TMJ.
Implementation challenges from a prospective, interventional biopsy-based study of Environmental Enteropathy in rural Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sheraz , Iqbal Najeeha , Sadiq Kamran , Umrani Fayaz , Rizvi Arjumand , Jamil Zehra , Syed Sana , Khan Marium , Iqbal Junaid , Qureshi Shahida , Hotwani Aneeta , Rahman Najeeb , Moore Sean , Ali Asad 
Published: July 2021

The Study of Environmental Enteropathy (EE) and Malnutrition in Pakistan (SEEM) is a community intervention trial designed to understand the pathophysiology of EE and its associated clinical phenotypes in children less than two years of age. Undernutrition is the underlying cause of three million deaths annually, accounting for 45% of all deaths among children under five years of age. Linear growth stunting affects a further 165 million. In Pakistan, where our study is focused, an estimated one in three children are underweight and nearly half are stunted. This manuscript summarizes the challenges faced by the field team and the solutions employed for achieving our research objectives at the rural field site, Matiari. Our study design involved a longitudinal collection of field data and biological samples which required constant engagement of field staff with the participating families. Challenges faced in SEEM included: 1) quality assurance parameters of anthropometry data; 2) 24-hour food recall data collection; 3) clinical management of acutely sick children enrolled in our study; 4) obtaining informed consent for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (an invasive procedure); and 5) biological sample collection (blood, urine, stool) from malnourished children at the community level. We accomplished our goal of enrolling 350 malnourished children and 50 well-nourished children with a more than 95% success rate of collecting blood, urine and stool specimens. We collected 72% microbiome stool samples within 30 minutes of the child passing stool. We conducted an upper gastrointestinal biopsy in 63 children.  Broadly, solutions to these challenges included good governance, the establishment of credibility, and the development of a longitudinal bidirectional relationship embedded in trust and effective communication with the caretakers of the children enrolled in our study.    Continuous monitoring, regular training of staff, and effective teamwork were key factors that led to the successful execution of our study.
A scoping review protocol to identify clinical signs, symptoms and biomarkers indicative of biofilm presence in chronic wounds
Authors: Ivory John D. , Vellinga Akke , O'Gara James , Gethin Georgina 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Wound healing is characterised by haemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, healing can stall and chronic wounds may result. Infection is detrimental to these wounds and associated with poor outcomes. Wounds are contaminated with microbes and debris, and factors such as host resistance, bacterial virulence, species synergy and bioburden determine whether a wound will deteriorate to critically colonised/infected states. Biofilms are sessile microbial communities, exhibiting high-level antibiotic tolerance and resistance to host defences. Biofilm in critically colonised wounds can contribute to delayed healing. Little is known about clinical presentation and diagnosis of wound biofilms. Objective: To identify from the literature clinical signs, symptoms and biomarkers that may indicate biofilm in chronic wounds. Methods: This review will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Studies of any design in any language recruiting adult patients with venous, diabetic, pressure or mixed arterial-venous ulcers and reporting data on clinical signs/symptoms of biofilm are eligible. Searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and BASE will be conducted from inception to present. Reference scanning and contact with content experts will be employed. Title/abstract screening and full text selection will be executed by two reviewers independently. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion between reviewers or through third party intervention. Data will be extracted by a single reviewer and verified by a second. Clinical signs and symptoms data will be presented in terms of study design, setting and participant demographic data. Discussion: Understanding biofilm impact on chronic wounds is inconsistent and based largely on in vitro research. This work will consolidate clinical signs, symptoms and biomarkers of biofilm in chronic wounds reported in the literature.