bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle design and efficiency strategy for sustainable membrane technology
Authors: Razman K K , Mohammad A W , Hanafiah M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an assessment tool to evaluate the potential environmental impact of a system or product throughout its life cycle. Results from LCA provides an insight on developing a more sustainable system while identifying its environmental hotspots. With recent advancements in membrane treatment systems especially for wastewater treatment (WWT), there is a rising interest in its sustainability aspect. Thus, it is crucial to review on previous published studies to highlight the challenges and achievements in implementing LCA for the membrane system. Hence, this paper presents a review of 33 recent papers published from year 2017-2020 conducting LCA on membrane systems for WWT. Bounded by the key frameworks of ISO standards, the analysis of papers showed variance in defining its functional unit, system boundaries, impact assessment categories and method to evaluate LCA, which makes it a challenge to do comparison. Some of the challenges discussed and highlighted in this paper include the inconsistencies in specifying the impact assessment and methodology used for some journals and the lack of LCA study in certain regional areas. A more uniform implementation of LCA should be considered to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of results to allow adoptions on novel or existing membrane systems.
Population trends of passage and wintering barn swallows (Hirundo Rustica) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ismail N A , Daud U N S , Nor S M , Mansor M S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Peninsular Malaysia, passage and wintering Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) often congregate at nocturnal roosts in towns. As a Holarctic migratory species, it is at risk of population collapse. Despite extensive research, little is known about this species in its wintering grounds, especially in the tropics. This study aimed to determine how climate change influences the population growth of this species across a geographical area over a decade, from 2009 to 2019. A species distribution model was constructed using data obtained from the eBird database – a citizen science project – of records from diverse locations. We used the Kernel Density tool in ArcGIS to describe Barn Swallow density and expansion pattern across Peninsular Malaysia. We demonstrate that the Barn Swallow’s population has fallen by about 27.1% over the last decade. In 2009, the species was dispersed in two distinct areas: Perlis to Pulau Pinang; and the Pahang region bordering Selangor and Negeri Sembilan; in addition, some individuals chose to winter in south-eastern Johor. Within ten years, the flock has descended from Perlis to the northwest corner of Perak, while the vast wintering area in Pahang has decreased and stretched down to Melaka and Johor. The differences in Barn Swallow numbers and distribution patterns observed in this study could be a result of climate and land use changes which have caused this species to spread to parts of other wintering regions, altering the arrival and departure times of migration, thereby interfering with its breeding season.
The adverse effect of long term intake of Monosodium Glutamate on kidney performance
Authors: Hussin Amer M. , Tala’a Ali A. , Fadhil Safa Abdul Naser , Salman Hamzah Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that is considered as a water and environmental pollutant and affects the tissues of the living being. This study was aimed to find the effect of long-term administration of MSG on the mass of mesangial cells of the kidneys. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Control groups 1&2 were supplied orally with distilled water for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Treatment groups 1&2 were supplied orally with 15 mg/kg Bwt of MSG for 30 & 60 days, respectively. Control and treatment groups were sacrificed, specimens of kidneys were obtained, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed by Routine histological techniques, stained by Hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stains then examined under the light microscope. The result found enlargement in a mesangial mass represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesangial cells leading to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Accordingly, the study showed an increase in creatinine values, indicating a disturbance in renal function. This will lead to a decrease in the sizes of the glomeruli of renal corpuscles and a relative increase of Bowman’s space. With the time of the experiment, the glomerular capillaries and gates of basement membranes will be closed, resulting in renal filtration disorders. It was concluded that the long-term intake of MSG leads to indirect narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen, causing kidney failure.
Valley polarization of trions in monolayer MoSe2 interfaced with bismuth iron garnet
Authors: Kravtsov Vasily , Ivanova Tatiana , Abramov Artem N , Shilina Polina V , Kapralov Pavel O , Krizhanovskii Dmitry N , Berzhansky Vladimir N , Belotelov Vladimir I , Shelykh Ivan A , Chernov Alexander I , Iorsh Ivan V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interfacing atomically thin van der Waals semiconductors with magnetic substrates enables additional control on their intrinsic valley degree of freedom and provides a promising platform for the development of novel valleytronic devices for information processing and storage. Here we study circularly polarized photoluminescence in heterostructures of monolayer MoSe2 and thin films of ferrimagnetic bismuth iron garnet (BIG). We observe strong emission from charged excitons with circular polarization opposite to that of the pump and demonstrate contrasting response to left and right circularly polarized excitation, associated with finite out-of-plane magnetization in the substrate. We propose a theoretical model accounting for magnetization-induced imbalance of charge carriers in the two valleys of MoSe2, as well as for valley-switching scattering from B to A excitons and fast formation of trions with extended valley relaxation times, which shows excellent agreement with the experimental data. Our results establish monolayer MoSe2 interfaced with BIG as a promising system for valley control of charged excitons.
Coupling effect of temperature and Cr content on the steam oxidation of Ni-Fe-Cr alloys
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Huang Lezheng , Yang Zhen , Chen Jie , Liu Yanjia , Zan Chaofei , Yuan Juntao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Excellent resistance to steam oxidation is a key required property for heat-resistant alloys used in next-generation fossil power plants. In order to clarify the degradation mechanism of Ni-Fe-Cr alloys in high temperature steam, four kinds of Ni-Fe-Cr model alloys with various Cr content were prepared and their long-term steam oxidation were investigated at 650 °C and 700 °C. The microstructure and composition of oxide scales were characterized by SEM equipped with EDS, and the oxide phases were identified by XRD. The results showed significant dependence of temperature and Cr content in alloys on the oxidation kinetics, cross-section morphology and elemental section-distribution. For Ni-Fe-Cr alloys with low Cr contents (12∼16 wt.%), the increase of temperature made the oxide scale change from breakaway scale morphology (nodule-crater microstructure with external exfoliation) to protective scale morphology (uniform layer and internal oxidation). For Ni-Fe-Cr alloy with 18wt.% Cr, the effect of temperature was greatly reduced. The oxidation mechanism was discussed from the perspectives of selective oxidation and the effect of alloying elements.
Study of a sub-wavelength scale plasmonic traveling wave amplifier with electrically pumped multiple quantum wells
Authors: Rao Ruijian , Chen Shuwen , Chen Bing , Bai Cheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We propose a hybrid gap plasmonic traveling wave amplifier (TWA) with electrically pumped multiple quantum wells (MQW). This TWA has deep sub-wavelength mode field scale and works at 1310 nm window. For the polarization-independent amplification we design the InGaAlAs tensile-strain MQW. Furthermore we analyze this plasmonic TWA’s optical, electrical and thermal characteristics by finite element method. First we get the suitable trade-off point between the affordable mode propagation loss and moderate mode field size by adjusting the gap width and height. Second we find that the narrower the MQW, the higher the MQW local gain. Third, our device has good thermal performance as the plasmonic wave power is less than 5 μw. Simulation results suggest that the independent polarization gain appears at 1317 nm wavelength. At this wavelength 3.60 cm
−1 mode gain and 161 nm mode width are obtained as the 9.39 kA cm−2 injection current and 10 nm × 240 nm gap size.
Towards automating structural discovery in scanning transmission electron microscopy
*
Authors: Creange Nicole , Dyck Ondrej , Vasudevan Rama K , Ziatdinov Maxim , Kalinin Sergei V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy is now the primary tool for exploring functional materials on the atomic level. Often, features of interest are highly localized in specific regions in the material, such as ferroelectric domain walls, extended defects, or second phase inclusions. Selecting regions to image for structural and chemical discovery via atomically resolved imaging has traditionally proceeded via human operators making semi-informed judgements on sampling locations and parameters. Recent efforts at automation for structural and physical discovery have pointed towards the use of ‘active learning’ methods that utilize Bayesian optimization with surrogate models to quickly find relevant regions of interest. Yet despite the potential importance of this direction, there is a general lack of certainty in selecting relevant control algorithms and how to balance a priori knowledge of the material system with knowledge derived during experimentation. Here we address this gap by developing the automated experiment workflows with several combinations to both illustrate the effects of these choices and demonstrate the tradeoffs associated with each in terms of accuracy, robustness, and susceptibility to hyperparameters for structural discovery. We discuss possible methods to build descriptors using the raw image data and deep learning based semantic segmentation, as well as the implementation of variational autoencoder based representation. Furthermore, each workflow is applied to a range of feature sizes including NiO pillars within a La:SrMnO3 matrix, ferroelectric domains in BiFeO3, and topological defects in graphene. The code developed in this manuscript is open sourced and will be released at github.com/nccreang/AE_Workflows.
Beyond 2020: Collecting Time Capsules in a Year of Pandemic
Authors: Clulow Adam , Berry Daina Ramey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
2020 saw a perfect storm of events. It began with the COVID-19 pandemic that swept across the globe, followed by waves of racial unrest, economic distress, and political turbulence even as wildfires, hurricanes and tropical storms tore across our region. It was clear to all of us that we were living through sweeping historical change compressed into a short space of time. This article describes the creation of Beyond 2020: Living History, a public history project at the University of Texas at Austin that aimed to respond to the events of the year. It charts the development of the project and how it came to diverge from its original design in productive ways underpinned not by an attempt to impose order or build hierarchy, the traditional tools of historical analysis, but rather by a willingness to relinquish control to create a shared space for our university community.
Toward the assessment of predicted inter-residue distance
Authors: Du Zongyang , Peng Zhenling , Yang Jianyi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Significant progress has been achieved in distance-based protein folding, due to improved prediction of inter-residue distance by deep learning. Many efforts are thus made to improve distance prediction in recent years. However, it remains unknown what is the best way of objectively assessing the accuracy of predicted distance.

Results
A total of 19 metrics were proposed to measure the accuracy of predicted distance. These metrics were discussed and compared quantitatively on three benchmark datasets, with distance and structure models predicted by the trRosetta pipeline. The experiments show that a few metrics, such as distance precision, have a high correlation with the model accuracy measure TM-score (Pearson’s correlation coefficient &gt;0.7). In addition, the metrics are applied to rank the distance prediction groups in CASP14. The ranking by our metrics coincides largely with the official version. These data suggest that the proposed metrics are effective for measuring distance prediction. We anticipate that this study paves the way for objectively monitoring the progress of inter-residue distance prediction. A web server and a standalone package are provided to implement the proposed metrics.

Availability and implementation
http://yanglab.nankai.edu.cn/APD.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Maternal immune activation downregulates schizophrenia genes in the foetal mouse brain
Authors: Handunnetthi Lahiru , Saatci Defne , Hamley Joseph C , Knight Julian C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Susceptibility to schizophrenia is mediated by genetic and environmental risk factors. Maternal immune activation by infections during pregnancy is hypothesized to be a key environmental risk factor. However, little is known about how maternal immune activation contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated if maternal immune activation influences the expression of genes associated with schizophrenia in foetal mouse brains. We found that two sets of schizophrenia genes were downregulated more than expected by chance in the foetal mouse brain following maternal immune activation, namely those genes associated with schizophrenia through genome-wide association study (fold change = 1.93, false discovery rate = 4 × 10−4) and downregulated genes in adult schizophrenia brains (fold change = 1.51, false discovery rate = 4 × 10−10). We found that these genes mapped to key biological processes, such as neuronal cell adhesion. We also identified cortical excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons as the most vulnerable cell types to the deleterious effects of this interaction. Subsequently, we used gene expression information from herpes simplex virus 1 infection of neuronal precursor cells as orthogonal evidence to support our findings and to demonstrate that schizophrenia-associated cell adhesion genes, PCDHA2, PCDHA3 and PCDHA5, were downregulated following herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence for a link between genetic and environmental risk factors in schizophrenia pathogenesis. These findings carry important implications for early preventative strategies in schizophrenia.
Superior vena cava graft infection in thoracic surgery: a retrospective study of the French EPITHOR database
Authors: Filaire Laura , Mercier Olaf , Seguin-Givelet Agathe , Tiffet Olivier , Falcoz Pierre Emmanuel , Mordant Pierre , Brichon Pierre-Yves , Lacoste Philippe , Aubert Axel , Thomas Pascal , Le Pimpec-Barthes Françoise , Molnar Ioana , Vidal Magali , Filaire Marc , Galvaing Géraud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To report our experience on the management of superior vena cava graft infection.

METHODS
Between 2001 and 2018, patients with superior vena cava synthetic graft or patch reconstruction after resection of intrathoracic tumours or benign disease were selected retrospectively from the French EPITHOR database and participating thoracic centres. Our study population includes patients with superior vena cava graft infection, defined according to the MAGIC consensus. Superior vena cava synthetic grafts in an empyema or mediastinitis were considered as infected.

RESULTS
Of 111 eligible patients, superior vena cava graft infection occurred in 12 (11.9%) patients with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft secondary to contiguous contamination. Management consisted of either conservative treatment with chest tube drainage and antibiotics (n = 3) or a surgical graft-sparing strategy (n = 9). Recurrence of infection appears in 6 patients. Graft removal was performed in 2 patients among the 5 reoperated patients. The operative mortality rate was 25%.

CONCLUSIONS
Superior vena cava graft infection may develop as a surgical site infection secondary to early mediastinitis or empyema. Graft removal is not always mandatory but should be considered in late or recurrent graft infection or in infections caused by aggressive microorganisms (virulent or multidrug resistant bacteria or fungi).
Immunization for Children Living With HIV: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kampiire Leatitia , Archary Moherndran , Frigati Lisa , Penazatto Martina , Brusamento Serena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Immunosuppression secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases in children living with HIV (CLHIV). Although vaccines are cost-effective interventions, their efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and persistence of post-vaccination immunity in CLHIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unclear. We aimed at identifying existing scientific evidence on immunization of CLHIV generated in the last 10 years to identify the need for a systematic review.

Methods
Studies were identified using a broad search strategy applied in multiple databases. Included studies involved CLHIV aged 0-10 years and presented outcomes on safety, efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and use of booster vaccines.

Results
Nineteen publications were identified. There was variable immunogenicity to and efficacy of vaccines by HIV and ART status. All vaccines were safe.

Conclusion
The heterogeneity of available studies makes it complex to do a systematic review and meta-analysis. A more uniform approach to sampling and follow-up in future studies would make comparison and interpretation of results more robust.
A Call for Caution in the Immunocompromised: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated With Mortality in a Vaccinated Lung Transplant Recipient
Authors: Hogan John I , Kotton Camille N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We describe a vaccinated lung transplant recipient who experienced a fatal outcome associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tocilizumab was administered. The patient exhibited clinical and radiographic evidence of colitis during the course of multiple secondary infections. This report emphasizes the need for more conservative precautions to prevent COVID-19 infection in transplant recipients.
Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinician Judgment to a Novel Host Response Diagnostic for Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Jaffe Ian S , Jaehne Anja K , Quackenbush Eugenia , Ko Emily R , Rivers Emanuel P , McClain Micah T , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Woods Christopher W , Tsalik Ephraim L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Difficulty discriminating bacterial from viral infections drives antibacterial misuse. Host gene expression tests discriminate bacterial and viral etiologies, but their clinical utility has not been evaluated.

Methods
Host gene expression and procalcitonin levels were measured in 582 emergency department participants with suspected infection. We also recorded clinician diagnosis and clinician-recommended treatment. These 4 diagnostic strategies were compared with clinical adjudication as the reference. To estimate the clinical impact of host gene expression, we calculated the change in overall Net Benefit (∆NB; the difference in Net Benefit comparing 1 diagnostic strategy with a reference) across a range of prevalence estimates while factoring in the clinical significance of false-positive and -negative errors.

Results
Gene expression correctly classified bacterial, viral, or noninfectious illness in 74.1% of subjects, similar to the other strategies. Clinical diagnosis and clinician-recommended treatment revealed a bias toward overdiagnosis of bacterial infection resulting in high sensitivity (92.6% and 94.5%, respectively) but poor specificity (67.2% and 58.8%, respectively), resulting in a 33.3% rate of inappropriate antibacterial use. Gene expression offered a more balanced sensitivity (79.0%) and specificity (80.7%), which corresponded to a statistically significant improvement in average weighted accuracy (79.9% vs 71.5% for procalcitonin and 76.3% for clinician-recommended treatment; P&lt;.0001 for both). Consequently, host gene expression had greater Net Benefit in diagnosing bacterial infection than clinician-recommended treatment (∆NB=6.4%) and procalcitonin (∆NB=17.4%).

Conclusions
Host gene expression–based tests to distinguish bacterial and viral infection can facilitate appropriate treatment, improving patient outcomes and mitigating the antibacterial resistance crisis.
The further economic consequences of Brexit: energy
Authors: Pollitt Michael G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
The UK left the European single market in energy on 31 December 2020, having been a leading light in its promotion. It entered into a new energy relationship with the EU-27 as outlined in the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) on 1 January 2021. This paper discusses what has happened to the UK energy sector since the Brexit referendum of June 2016. Since our previous paper on this topic in 2017, there has been a significant clarification in the impact of Brexit on the energy sector in the UK. We outline what the TCA says about energy. We then discuss the current and potential future effects of Brexit on the UK electricity and gas systems in turn. We observe that the likely economic welfare impacts on electricity are larger than the impacts on gas, but the overall microeconomic impact appears likely to be modest (but negative). We offer a number of concluding observations.