bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV treatment for degradation of chemical contaminants in food: A review
Authors: He Jiang , Evans Natasha Marie , Liu Huaizhi , Zhu Yan , Zhou Ting , Shao Suqin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractApplication of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for the degradation of chemical contaminants in food products has gained more and more interest in the past two decades. The majority of the research in this field was on mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins and patulin, with limited studies on pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in food. These studies have been focused on identifying the structure and toxicity of degradation products, investigating the influence of UV treatment factors on the degradation efficiency, determining the impact of UV treatment on the quality of food products, and developing updated UV treatment methods such as TiO2 induced photocatalytic degradation. The summary of published literatures provided insights into future research opportunities in this area, which include determining a standard for the UV treatment description, working with naturally contaminated samples rather than artificially spiked samples, conducting pilot plant or industrial scale studies, examining more targets and conducting multi‐targets studies, and developing more innovative methods for UV treatment.
Chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 is an independent risk factor for the early failure of forearm autologous arteriovenous fistulas in uremic patients
Authors: Liang Liming , Chen Qinlan , Cao Wei , Tang Lijun , Wei Yong , Ding Nannan , Kong Xianglei , Xu Dongmei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) has been introduced as a marker of inflammation in different diseases, which can promote cell proliferation and differentiation. It has also been demonstrated that elevated serum CHI3L1 concentration can independently predict all‐cause mortality in uremic patients. However, the impact of CHI3L1 on the early failure of autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in uremic patients remains unknown. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 109 uremic patients (mean age 53.2 ± 14.7 years, 67.9% males), who received forearm AVF surgery, and were consecutively enrolled with a median follow‐up time of 15 months. The early failure was defined as a fistula that never developed adequately for dialysis or that failed within the first 3 months of use. Serum CHI3L1 concentration was determined by the ELISA method. Among 109 uremic patients, 24 patients had AVF failure. The optimal cutoff value based on the receiver operating characteristics analysis of CHI3L1 was 122.6 ng/mL, with the area under the curve of 0.73 (P = 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with CHI3L1 < 122.6 ng/mL had better AVF patency than patients with CHI3L1 ≥ 122.6 ng/mL (Log–rank test, P = 0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that baseline CHI3L1 level (≥ 122.6 ng/mL vs. < 122.6 ng/mL) was significantly associated with AVF failure after adjustment for confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.67; 95% CI, 1.44–9.36). The study demonstrated that Increased baseline serum level of CHI3L1 is independently associated with higher risk of the early failure of forearm AVFs.
Process and product characteristics of refractance window dried Curcuma longa
Authors: Talukdar Preetisagar , Uppaluri Ramagopal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work addresses the optimality of hot water bath based refractance window drying (RWD) characteristics of 1 mm Curcuma longa (turmeric) slices. Mylar film thickness (125 to 350 µm) and water bath temperature (65 to 95 °C) have been considered as independent variables to evaluate drying kinetics and nutritional characteristics of the process product combination. Equilibrium drying time, moisture diffusivity, fitness of thin layer models, moisture content, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, curcumin content, and antioxidant activity have been considered to evaluate the optimality of the RWD process parameters. It has been analyzed that while both parameters critically influence equilibrium drying time, only temperature had profound influence on nutritional characteristics.Practical ApplicationThere is a need for a fast‐drying method without significant loss in bioactive compounds. Refractance window drying (RWD) method is such a process. The study of RWD of turmeric slices will help in understanding the relations between different drying temperatures and mylar film thickness and its relation to nutritional characteristics of the product.
Measuring the global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes and the attributable risk factors in all 194 countries
Authors: Yu Mei , Zhan Xiaoqing , Yang Zhenxing , Huang Yongmin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo detailed quantitative global, regional, or national estimates of the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are available.MethodsWe used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to estimate the global, regional, and national incidence rates and DALYs of T2DM, as well as the associated risk factors, in all 194 countries and territories by age, sex, and sociodemographic status during the period from 2007 to 2017.ResultsGlobally, the age‐standardized incidence and DALY rates increased by 3.23% and 5.07% during 2007 to 2017, respectively. The age‐standardized incidence and DALY rates in 2017 and the corresponding percentage changes during 2007 to 2017 were highest in the low‐middle sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile. Regionally, the highest 2017 age‐standardized incidence and DALY rates were observed in Oceania, whereas the largest percentage increases in both rates during 2007 to 2017 were observed in Southeast Asia. Nationally, Iran, the United Kingdom, and Indonesia reported the largest percentage increases in the age‐standardized incidence rates, whereas Georgia, Czech Republic, and Iran showed the largest percentage increases in the age‐standardized DALY rates. Globally, the largest percentage increases in risk‐attributable DALYs were associated with a high body mass index, low physical activity level, high fasting plasma glucose level, and high sugar‐sweetened beverage and red meat consumption.ConclusionsThe global T2DM age‐standardized incidence and DALY rates increased globally between 2007 and 2017, especially in the low‐middle SDI quintile, Southeast Asia.
Health‐related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of EuroQoL (EQ‐5D) utility scores from Asia
Authors: Haridoss Madhumitha , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Natarajan Meenakumari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionRegion‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) scores or utility values are representative and pivotal for economic evaluations as they are influenced by the value judgment of the local population. This study systematically reviewed and pooled EuroQoL‐5 Dimension (EQ‐5D) utility scores of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) across primary studies from Asia.MethodsStudies reporting EQ‐5D utility scores among adult RA patients from Asian countries were systematically searched in PubMed‐Medline, Scopus and Embase since inception through February 2020. Selected studies were systematically reviewed and study quality assessment was performed. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effect model with subgroup and meta‐regression analysis to explore heterogeneity.ResultsAmong 1391 searched articles, 37 studies with 31 983 participants were systematically reviewed and meta‐analysis was conducted among 31 studies. The pooled EQ‐5D scores and EQ‐5D visual analog score were 0.66 (95% CI 0.63‐0.69, I2 = 99.65%) and 61.21 (50.73‐71.69, I2 = 99.56%) respectively with high heterogeneity. For RA patients with no, low, moderate and high disease activity based on Disease Activity Score (DAS)‐28, the pooled EQ‐5D scores were 0.78 (0.65‐0.90), 0.73 (0.65‐0.80), 0.53 (0.32‐ 0.74), and 0.47 (0.32‐0.62), respectively. On meta‐regression, age of patients (P < .05) was positively associated and use of glucocorticoids (P < .05) was inversely associated with utility values.ConclusionLower EQ‐5D scores were associated with severe disease activity, increasing age and female gender among RA patients. The study provides pooled EQ‐5D scores for RA patients that are useful inputs for cost‐utility studies in Asia.
A practical approach to measuring the acoustic diversity by community ecology methods
Authors: Zsebők Sándor , Schmera Dénes , Laczi Miklós , Nagy Gergely , Vaskuti Éva , Török János , Zsolt Garamszegi László 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The study of the diversity of animal signals on within‐ and among‐species levels is the key to uncover mechanisms that shape the evolution of communication systems. However, the methods used to quantify acoustic diversity (like repertoire size) lack to grasp several aspects of acoustic diversity. Here, we propose a new framework for the study of animal communication, in which we decompose the acoustic diversity with the methodological toolbox from community ecology.

We explore how different diversity estimates reflecting different aspects of acoustic diversity can be applied to characterise the complexity of acoustic signals. We propose that this approach can be used in a wide range of animal taxa to derive further insights about the function and evolution of communication systems besides the traditional methods.

To illustrate the use of our approach in a case study, we used the song of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis as model system. Based on three frequency and time variables, we calculated three functional diversity indices (FRic, FEve and FDiv) to characterise the distribution of song elements (syllables) in the acoustic parameter space. We aimed to uncover the interrelations of diversity indices, reveal the degree of among‐individual consistency and investigate their relationships with certain aspects of individual quality (body condition, age and arrival date).

We found that the diversity indices were largely independent of each other and showed different consistency patterns that were time‐scale dependent, indicating different signalling potential of individual‐specific attributes. We also found that FEve strongly related to the age of males. Our case study showed that decomposing the diversity into different components can reveal additional biologically meaningful aspects of birdsong.
The consequences of checking for zero‐inflation and overdispersion in the analysis of count data
Authors: Campbell Harlan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Count data are ubiquitous in ecology and the Poisson generalized linear model (GLM) is commonly used to model the association between counts and explanatory variables of interest. When fitting this model to the data, one typically proceeds by first confirming that the model assumptions are satisfied. If the residuals appear to be overdispersed or if there is zero‐inflation, key assumptions of the Poison GLM may be violated and researchers will then typically consider alternatives to the Poison GLM. An important question is whether the potential model selection bias introduced by this data‐driven multi‐stage procedure merits concern.

Here we conduct a large‐scale simulation study to investigate the potential consequences of model selection bias that can arise in the simple scenario of analysing a sample of potentially overdispersed, potentially zero‐inflated, count data. Specifically, we investigate model selection procedures recently recommended by Blasco‐Moreno et al. (2019) using either a series of score tests or information theoretic criteria to select the best model.

We find that, when sample sizes are small, model selection based on preliminary score tests (or information theoretic criteria, e.g. AIC, BIC) can lead to potentially substantial inflation of false positive rates (i.e. type 1 error inflation). When sample sizes are sufficiently large, model selection based on preliminary score tests, is not problematic.

Ignoring the possibility of overdispersion and zero‐inflation during data analyses can lead to invalid inference. However, if one does not have sufficient power to test for overdispersion and zero‐inflation, post hoc model selection may also lead to substantial bias. This ‘catch‐22’ suggests that, if sample sizes are small, a healthy skepticism is warranted whenever one rejects the null hypothesis of no association between a given outcome and covariate.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder and Persistent Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Azuar Julien , Bouaziz‐Amar Elodie , Cognat Emmanuel , Dumurgier Julien , Clergue‐Duval Virgile , Barré Thomas , Amami Jihed , Hispard Eric , Bellivier Frank , Paquet Claire , Vorspan Florence , Questel Frank 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of cognitive impairment is high among alcohol‐dependent patients. Although the clinical presentation of alcohol‐related cognitive disorder (ARCD) may resemble that of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the prognosis and treatment of the 2 diseases are different. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β) have high diagnostic accuracy in AD and are currently being used to discriminate between psychiatric disorders and AD, but are not used to diagnose ARCD. The aim of this study was to characterize CSF biomarkers in a homogeneous, cognitively impaired alcohol‐dependent population.MethodsThis single‐center study was conducted in an addiction medicine department of a Parisian Hospital. We selected patients with documented persistent cognitive impairment whose MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) score was below 24/30 after at least 1 month of documented inpatient abstinence from alcohol. We measured the CSF biomarkers (tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β 1‐42 and 1‐40) in 73 highly impaired alcohol‐dependent patients (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score over 11 for women and 12 for men) with.ResultsPatients' average age was 60 ± 9.1 years and 45 (61.6%) had a normal CSF profile, 8 (11.0%) had a typical CSF AD profile, and 20 (27.4%) had an intermediate CSF profile.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of AD in alcohol‐dependent patients with persistent cognitive deficits and several anomalies in their CSF profiles. Thus, it is important to consider AD in the differential diagnosis of persistent cognitive deficits in patients with alcohol dependence and to use CSF biomarkers in addition to imaging and neuropsychological testing to evaluate alcohol‐related cognitive impairment.
Distinct Whole‐Body Movements in Response to Alcohol and Sexual Content in Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Noël Xavier , Dubuson Macha , Rougier Marine , Lelard Thierry , Mouras Harold , Kornreich Charles , Wyckmans Florent , Pereira Maylis , Chatard Armand , Jaafari Némat , Campanella Salvatore 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSpontaneous motor responses of approach and avoidance toward stimuli are important in characterizing psychopathological conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, divergent results have been reported, possibly due to confounded parameters (e.g., using a symbolic vs. a sensorimotor task, implementation of approach–avoidance as a measure vs. a manipulation).MethodsWe studied whole‐body/posturometric changes by using a sensorimotor measure relying on embodied cognition principles to assess forward (approach) and backward (avoidance) spontaneous leaning movements. Over a 12‐second period, 51 male patients with AUD and 29 male control participants were instructed to stand still in response to both alcohol and sexual visual content. Patients with AUD were then divided into “abstainers” and “relapsers,” depending on their continuous abstinence at 2 weeks postdischarge (obtained via a telephone follow‐up interview). The effects of the group, the stimulus type, the experimental period, and their interactions on the posturometric changes were tested using mixed Analyses of variance (ANOVAs), with a significance threshold set at 0.05.ResultsContrary to our expectations, patients and controls did not show significant difference in their forward/backward micromovements while passively viewing alcohol or sexual content (p > 0.1). However, in line with our hypothesis, patients who relapsed several weeks following discharge from the rehabilitation program were significantly more reactive and more likely to lean back during the first seconds of viewing alcohol cues (p = 0.002). Further, “relapsers” were more likely to lean forward during exposure to sexual content than participants who remained abstinent (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong individuals with AUD, there are distinct pattern of spontaneous movements that differentiate “abstainers” and “relapsers,” findings that can be understood in light of existing data and theories on action tendencies.
Efficacy of low‐molecular weight chitosan against Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate resin
Authors: Srimaneepong Viritpon , Thanamee Thanaporn , Wattanasirmkit Kamolporn , Muangsawat Sureeporn , Matangkasombut Oranart 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCandida biofilm is a major cause of denture stomatitis. We aimed to compare the efficacy of low‐molecular‐weight chitosan solutions against Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin.MethodsVarious types of chitosan were tested for anti‐Candida activity by broth dilution. Two types were selected for further testing on 24‐hour C.albicans biofilm formed on PMMA specimens. Specimens were randomly distributed among experimental groups, including 0.1% and 0.2% acetic acid, 3 and 6 mg/mL of oligomer chitosan and 30 kDa chitosan solutions, effervescent tablet (Polident), and 0.2% chlorhexidine, and immersed for 5 min to 12 h. The viability of C. albicans after cleansing were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Remaining viability was calculated into percentage relative to respective controls and analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey post‐hoc tests. Live/dead fluorescence microscopy was also performed.ResultsChitosan solutions had high efficacy against C. albicans biofilm on PMMA. The mean relative viability compared to control after 12‐h immersion was 6.60 ± 4.75% and 12.72 ± 6.96% for 3 and 6 mg/mL oligomer, respectively, and 11.68 ± 4.81% and 18.08 ± 6.20% for 3 and 6 mg/mL 30 kDa chitosan, respectively.ConclusionsLow‐molecular‐weight chitosan solution is an effective antifungal denture cleanser that can significantly reduce C. albicans viability in biofilm on PMMA.
Unknowing, indifferent, or committed: Relations between age and assessments of the German population’s involvement and inaction during the time of National Socialism
Authors: Papendick Michael , Rees Jonas H. , Zick Andreas 
Published: January 2021

We examine German participants’ assessment of the time of National Socialism. Especially for younger generations, shifts in the culture of remembrance may change their assessments of historical events. We argue that factors such as increased formal education about the topic and decreased personal contact with contemporary witnesses can weaken attributional biases (e.g., ingroup favouritism) in the assessment of the role of the German population during the time of National Socialism. We use data from a German representative sample (N = 1,000) and focus on the links between participants’ age and the estimated involvement of the German population under National Socialism as perpetrators, victims, helpers, and “bystanders,” as well as the agreement with explanations why the general population did not act against National Socialist crimes. Younger participants estimated the proportions of perpetrators and bystanders within the German population as higher and were less likely to agree that Germans did not know about the systematic killings. Older participants were more likely to agree with situational explanations for the population’s inaction (i.e., that Germans did not know or did not have an opportunity to act against the crimes). We find a positive relation between a more critical perspective on the involvement of the population in the past and participants’ feelings of responsibility in the present.
Mast cell‐derived serotonin enhances methacholine‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness in house dust mite‐induced experimental asthma
Authors: Mendez‐Enriquez Erika , Alvarado‐Vazquez Perla Abigail , Abma Willem , Simonson Oscar E. , Rodin Sergey , Feyerabend Thorsten B. , Rodewald Hans‐Reimer , Malinovschi Andrei , Janson Christer , Adner Mikael , Hallgren Jenny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAirway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a feature of asthma in which airways are hyperreactive to stimuli causing extensive airway narrowing. Methacholine provocations assess AHR in asthma patients mainly by direct stimulation of smooth muscle cells. Using in vivo mouse models, mast cells have been implicated in AHR, but the mechanism behind has remained unknown.MethodsCpa3Cre/+mice, which lack mast cells, were used to assess the role of mast cells in house dust mite (HDM)‐induced experimental asthma. Effects of methacholine in presence or absence of ketanserin were assessed on lung function and in lung mast cells in vitro. Airway inflammation, mast cell accumulation and activation, smooth muscle proliferation, and HDM‐induced bronchoconstriction were evaluated.ResultsRepeated intranasal HDM sensitization induced allergic airway inflammation associated with accumulation and activation of lung mast cells. Lack of mast cells, absence of activating Fc‐receptors, or antagonizing serotonin (5‐HT)2A receptors abolished HDM‐induced trachea contractions. HDM‐sensitized mice lacking mast cells had diminished lung‐associated 5‐HT levels, reduced AHR and methacholine‐induced airway contraction, while blocking 5‐HT2A receptors in wild types eliminated AHR, implying that mast cells contribute to AHR by releasing 5‐HT. Primary mouse and human lung mast cells express muscarinic M3 receptors. Mouse lung mast cells store 5‐HT intracellularly, and methacholine induces release of 5‐HT from lung‐derived mouse mast cells and Ca2+ flux in human LAD‐2 mast cells.ConclusionsMethacholine activates mast cells to release 5‐HT, which by acting on 5‐HT2A receptors enhances bronchoconstriction and AHR. Thus, M3‐directed asthma treatments like tiotropium may also act by targeting mast cells.