bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytics and Lean Health Care to Address Nurse Care Management Challenges for Inpatients in Emerging Economies
Authors: Moreno‐Fergusson María Elisa , Guerrero Rueda William Javier , Ortiz Basto Germán A. , Arevalo Sandoval Indira Alba Lucia , Sanchez–Herrera Beatriz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposePrescriptive and predictive analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) provide tools to analyze data with objectivity. In this paper, we provide an overview of how these techniques can improve nursing care, and we detail a quantitative model to afford managerial insights about care management in a Hospital in Colombia. Our main purpose is to provide tools to improve key performance indicators for the care management of inpatients which includes the nurse workload.MethodsThe optimal nurse‐to‐patient assignment problem is addressed using analytics, lean health care, and AI. Also, we propose a new mathematical model to optimize the nurse‐to‐patient assignment decisions considering several variables about the patient state such as the Barthel index, their risks, the complexity of the care, and the mental state.FindingsOur results show that there are several processes inherent to compassionate nursing care that can be improved using technology. By using data analytics, we can also provide insights about the high variability of the care requirements and, by using models, find nurse‐to‐patient assignments that are nearly perfectly balanced.ConclusionsWe illustrated this improvement with a pilot test that makes the equitable distribution of nursing workload the functionality of this strategy. The findings can be useful in highly complex hospitals in Latin America.Clinical RelevanceThe proposed model presents an opportunity to make near perfectly balanced nurse‐to‐patient assignments according to the number of patients and their health conditions using technology.
Effects of topical application of different molecular weight marine fish skin collagen oligopeptides on UVB‐induced photoaging rat skin
Authors: Qin Xiu‐Yuan , Xu Yaguang , Wei Ying , Zhang Rui‐Xue , Fang Lei , Zhang Hai‐Xin , Bi Yuan , Gu Rui‐Zeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work was to develop a peptide production process of the exact molecular weight propitious to topical application for cosmetics and to investigate the effects of enzymolysis‐derived peptide on UVB‐induced photoaging rat skin.MethodsThe chum salmon fish skins were hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and neutral protease and spray‐dried at different conditions, and three kinds of molecular weight peptide (MFSOP) were obtained. A total of 66 ICR rats (female, 20 ± 1 g) were randomly divided into eleven groups, including the normal, model, and experimental groups. The three kinds of MFSOP were dissolved at different dosages (5‰, 2.5%, and 5%) and then applied on the ICR hairless back skins prior to exposing UVB irradiation of 3000mJ/cm2 to them 4 h later. After 8 weeks, the rats were killed and the hair‐shaved skins were tested for skin moisture, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyproline, antioxidant activity, and RNA expression.ResultsThree kinds of MFSOP were obtained, with the average molecular weights of 495.16, 1194.00, and 2032.46 Dalton, respectively. The MFSOPs, especially the MFSOP of average molecular weight of 1194.00 Dalton, played an important role in the recovery of the UVB‐injured skin tissue in lock in moisture, in antioxidant activity and in promotion in collagen and elastin protein to some extent.ConclusionMFSOPs, especially MFSOP of average molecular weight of 1194.00 Dalton, derived from enzymolysis are potential materials to apply in cosmetics for the UVB9‐induced anti‐photoaging activity (lock in moisture, antioxidant activity, and promotion in collagen and elastin protein).
Evaluating efficacy and safety of the topical silicone gel containing onion extract in the treatment of post‐cesarean surgical scars
Authors: Napavichayanun Supamas , Vasuratna Apichai , Santibenchakul Somsook , Cherdchom Sarocha , Aramwit Pornanong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCesarean section scars are post‐surgical problems in women. Many active ingredients have been found to diminish scar formation. Clinical investigations on the onion extract have gained more attention due to its properties, such as improvement of scar appearance and texture. However, published studies evaluating the usefulness of the onion extract in the treatment of scars are controversial.MethodsThe three‐month study period followed a prospective, randomized, and double‐blinded design. Each enrolled subject's post‐cesarean completely sealed wounds were divided into two halves along the closure axis. Each half was randomly assigned to the treatment with either silicone gel containing 5% onion extract or the silicone gel containing vitamin C. All subjects were respectively evaluated at the one, two, and three months of the treatment.ResultsAfter the three‐month follow‐up, there was a statistically significant difference in scar improvement between before and after treatment. None of statistically significant difference in the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores and melanin value was found between silicone gel containing 5% onion extract and the control silicone gel. However, the improvement of scar erythema by treatment with the silicone gel containing 5% onion extract was significantly greater than in the control group. No adverse effects were reported in either group.
Quality of life in young adults with acne: Results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Singh Inder Pal , Poonia Kavita , Bajaj Kanika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of acne on quality of life (QoL) may vary between patients from different age groups. There are limited data in the literature on QoL of young adults with acne and acne scars.ObjectivesTo assess the QoL of young adults (age 18 to 25) with acne by using dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and Cardiff acne disability index (CADI), to assess the scores of individual items on DLQI and CADI, and to compare the two scales.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional questionnaire study of 1392 subjects with acne, each subject completed two questionnaires: DLQI and CADI. Mean values of DLQI and CADI, and those of individual items on DLQI and CADI were calculated; t‐test was used for testing mean values and Spearman’s rho coefficient for correlation between two questionnaires.ResultsMean DLQI (4.50) and CADI (3.60) scores were low. However, scores were significantly higher in females and in those with acne scars. “Feelings of embarrassment” and “interference with social activities” scored significantly higher for females across both questionnaires. There was no correlation between severity (as well as duration) of acne and HRQoL scores. Spearman’s rho coefficient of correlation between DLQI and CADI was 0.71.ConclusionsAcne impaired the QoL of young adults, acne scars more so. Females felt worse about their appearance with greater embarrassment and impaired social activities. QoL scores seem to depend on patients’ perceptions, which may depend on factors other than objective severity of acne. We found good correlation between the two scales.
The long‐term ICU patient: Which definition?
Authors: Minton Claire , Batten Lesley , Best Amy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo offer a review of the differing terminologies used by clinicians and researchers to describe the long‐term intensive care unit (ICU) patient and the underlying propositions that align with this terminology.BackgroundOngoing medical and technological advances in emergency and intensive care have resulted in improved survival of critically ill patients in recent decades. In addition, these advancements have also resulted in improved survival of complex critically ill patients who progress to a trajectory of prolonged critical illness, having protracted stays in the ICU. There is great variability in terminology used to define the long‐term ICU patient. This lack of a common definition for long‐term ICU patients is problematic, increasing their vulnerability and risk of care not being centred about their unique needs.DesignIn this discursive article, we explore the terminology used to define the long‐term ICU patient. An initial broad search of the literature across four electronic databases was conducted to identify common terminology used to define the long‐term ICU patient. From here, seven definitions were identified and chosen for inclusion in the review as they meet inclusion criteria and clearly described a group of patients who have an extended ICU stay. The seven selected terms are as follows: prolonged mechanical ventilation; failure to wean; insertion of tracheostomy; chronically critically ill; persistent critical illness; persistent inflammatory‐immunosuppressive and catabolic syndrome; and frailty. Following this a focused review of the literature with the selected terms was conducted to explore in greater detail the terminology.DiscussionThe lack of clear definition for this patient group can potentiate their care needs being unmet. Acknowledgement of the need to clearly define this patient group is the first step to improve outcomes. Nursing is well positioned to recognise the different terminologies use to describe this group of patients and implement care to suit their unique clinical characteristics.Conclusion and Relevance to Clinical PracticeRecognition and standardisation of these terms are an important priority to pave the way to improve care pathways and outcomes for this group of patients and their family.
Kidney injury molecule‐1 and urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase as biomarkers of acute kidney injury in cats
Authors: Xavier Júnior F. A. F. , Morais G. B. , Silveira J. A. M. , Sampaio T. L. , Martins A. M. C. , Silva I. N. G. , Viana D. A. , Evangelista J. S. A. M. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the concentration of kidney injury molecule‐1 and activity of urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase in cats with urethral obstruction and healthy cats.Materials and MethodsBlood and urine samples were collected from a group of 15 healthy cats (control group) and a group of 20 cats with urethral obstruction at presentation, and 24 hours and 7 days after unblocking the obstruction. The serum creatinine, urinary creatinine and urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase were measured by spectrophotometry and kidney injury molecule‐1 by the sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsOn presentation, cats with obstruction had serum creatinine concentration and urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase index higher than healthy cats (mean difference 544 μmol/L, 95% confidence intervals 222 to 865 μmol/L, and 0.0022 U/μmol‐uCre, 0.00043 to 0.0039 U/μmol‐uCre, respectively), urine creatinine concentration lower (mean difference 25,624 µmol/L, 17,329 to 33,919 µmol/L), and no significant difference in the kidney injury molecule‐1/urinary creatinine ratio (mean difference 13 pg/μmol‐uCre, −33 to 59 pg/μmol‐uCre). In the group of cats with urinary obstruction, over time serum creatinine decreased, urine creatinine increased, urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase index did not change significantly, and kidney injury molecule‐1/urinary creatinine ratio increased.Clinical SignificanceCats with post‐renal obstruction and potential intrinsic renal damage had higher urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase index than healthy cats at the time of presentation and showed increase in kidney injury molecule‐1/urinary creatinine ratio over time.
From Person to Life: An Anthropological Examination of Primary Health Care Approach to Depression in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Wenceslau Leandro David , Ortega Francisco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMental illness approaches in public health have resulted in controversies around the adequacy of interpretative and therapeutic models. These controversies engage polarized debates amid understandings of mental illnesses either as brain disorders or as socioculturally determined entities. Aiming to investigate how mental health care is implemented in a Latin American metropolis, we conducted an ethnographic study of the approach to depression in a primary care unit in Rio de Janeiro between 2016 and 2017. “Life” emerged from our fieldwork as the main local category for understanding the experiences of patients with depressive symptoms and the work of reengagement performed by family physicians. With this investigation, we seek to provide insights into an approach to mental illness in primary health care that moves away from polarized interpretive frameworks and remains open to the singularities of patients’ experiences of suffering.
Post release monitoring of rehabilitated gray seal pups over large temporal and spatial scales
Authors: Sayer Sue , Allen Rebecca , Bellman Katie , Beaulieu Marion , Cooper Tamara , Dyer Natalie , Hockin Kirsten , Hockley Kate , Jarvis Dan , Jones Grace , Oaten Paul , Waddington Natalie , Witt Matthew J. , Hawkes Lucy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWildlife rescue and rehabilitation is used globally to aid the conservation and welfare of marine species, however, postrelease monitoring is challenging. Here, long‐term, regional postrelease monitoring provides feedback for rehabilitation centers for gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). Data from 1,094 rehabilitated gray seals over 19 years across the southwest UK were examined to assess postrelease survivorship and the impact of release site on movements and range. Using flipper tags combined with photo identification, 391 rehabilitated seals (35.7%) were resighted, including 188 seals (17.2%) that were traced back to a specific rehabilitated individual with release data. The maximum monitoring duration for a single rehabilitated seal was 17 years, although the majority (151/188; 80%) were sighted for less than 5 years and 80/188 (43%) were resighted for less than a year. Almost all 188 traced rehabilitated seals (n = 176, 93.6%) visited the St Ives Bay Wild Site, yet only half had been released at the adjacent St Ives Bay Release Site. Rehabilitated seals had similar dispersal patterns to their wild conspecifics but over a smaller area. Once released, rehabilitated animals face the same threats as their wild counterparts.
Adverse events in trials of licensed drugs for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation or diarrhea: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barberio Brigida , Savarino Edoardo V. , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNocebo effects occurring in patients receiving placebo frequently impact on adverse events reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the proportion of patients randomized to placebo or active drug experiencing any adverse event in trials of licensed drugs for IBS with constipation (IBS‐C) or diarrhea (IBS‐D), and to estimate the risk of developing adverse events among patients randomized to placebo.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE CLASSIC and EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (through June 2021) to identify RCTs comparing licensed drugs with placebo in adults with IBS‐C or IBS‐D. We generated Forest plots of pooled adverse event rates in both active drug and placebo arms and pooled risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Key resultsThere were 21 RCTs of licensed drugs versus placebo in IBS‐C (5953 patients placebo) and 17 in IBS‐D (3854 patients placebo). Overall, 34.9% and 46.9% of placebo patients in IBS‐C and IBS‐D trials, respectively, developed at least one adverse event, with a statistically significantly higher risk of any adverse event and withdrawal due to an adverse event with active drug. In IBS‐C and IBS‐D trials, rates of each individual adverse event were generally higher with active drug. However, in IBS‐C trials, only diarrhea or headache was significantly more common with active drug (RD 0.066 (95% CI 0.043–0.088) and RD 0.011 (95% CI 0.002–0.021), respectively), and in IBS‐D trials only constipation, nausea, or abdominal pain (RD 0.096 (95% CI 0.054–0.138), 0.014 (95% CI 0.002–0.027), and 0.018 (95% CI 0.002–0.034), respectively).Conclusions & InferencesPatients with IBS randomized to placebo have a high risk of reporting adverse events, which might relate to both nocebo and non‐nocebo factors. Although patients’ expectations and psychosocial factors may be involved, further understanding of the mechanisms are important to control or optimize these effects in RCTs, as well as in clinical practice.
Efficacy and Safety of Postoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Xue Chen‐xi , Yao Yun‐feng , Lv Hao , Cheng Li , Jing Jue‐hua 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of postoperative intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsFrom March 2020 to August 2020, all patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA in our hospital were considered in prospective randomized controlled study. Included patients were randomized into three groups to receive either two doses of 15 mg/kg intravenous TXA postoperatively, at 2 and 24 h after closing the incision (group A), or a single dose of 15 mg/kg intravenous TXA 2 h postoperatively (group B), or placebo (group C). The calculated total blood loss (TBL) and hidden blood loss (HBL), incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and transfusion rate were compared among groups. The levels of prothrombotic state parameters including thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin‐anti‐thrombin complex (TAT), plasmin‐anti‐plasmin complex (PIC), and tissue‐type plasminogen activator‐plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t‐PAI·C) in plasma were measured during the perioperative period. Patients were compared depending on the Kellgren‐Lawrence classification (K‐L types III and IV).ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 4 weeks. The mean TBL and HBL in group C (1,182.45 ± 160.50; and 965.47 ± 139.61 mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those in groups A (944.34 ± 130.88 mL, P < 0.05; and 712.45 ± 129.82mL, P < 0.05, respectively) or B (995.20 ± 154.00 mL, P < 0.05; and 757.20 ± 134.39 mL, P < 0.05, respectively), but no significant differences were found between groups A and B (P > 0.05 and P > 0.05, respectively). None of the patients of three groups received blood transfusion, so there were no significant differences in blood transfusion rate among groups. Similar results were obtained with subgroups of patients who had the K‐L types III and IV. The DVT frequencies were four, three, and three in groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant differences after comparison (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of prothrombotic state parameters (TM, TAT, PIC, t‐PAI·C) or incidence of VTE among groups (P > 0.05). Wound leakage was observed in five patients during the hospital stay (two patients in group A, one patient in group B, and two patients in group C), and no statistical difference was found in wound leakage or other complications among groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsShort‐term application of postoperative intravenous TXA in TKAs resulted in reduced HBL without a measured increase in the actual incidence of VTE or the potential risk of thrombosis, but administration of TXA after the first 24 h had no significant effect.
Microfracture of Acetabular Rim After Segmental Labral Resection to Restore the Morphology and Function of Labrum: A Retrospective Study of More than 2 Years Follow‐up
Authors: Su Tiao , Li Jing , Yang Liu , Chen Guang‐xing 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo report on the clinical outcome of patients undergoing combined arthroscopic treatment of labral resection and microfracture at the rim of acetabulum at a minimum 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsThe retrospective study included 38 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for irreparable labral injury from 24 February 2014 to 26 February 2018. Thirteen patients were excluded owing to patient refusal of participation and concomitant diseases like synovial chondromatosis and dysplasia hip. The study group consisted of patients undergoing combined arthroscopic labral resection and microfracture at the rim of acetabulum (MICRO Group: 20 patients), arthroscopic labral resection alone (RESEC Group: five patients). Postoperative three‐dimensional (3D) double‐echo steady‐state (DESS) sequence with radial imaging at 3 Tesla were obtained and fluoroscopic image of the involved hip under distraction were used to observe the restoration of vacuum effect. Patient‐reported outcome scores (PROs) including the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living Subscale (HOS‐ADL), Hip Outcome Score Sport‐Specific Subscale (HOS‐SSS) were collected and compared between two groups.ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 6 months. The follow‐up time of RESEC group is longer than MICRO group (46.6 months vs 23.9 months, P < 0.05). The 3D DESS imaging demonstrated intermediate signal intensity at the relative area where the labrum resected followed by microfracture at the acetabular rim in MICRO group. Meanwhile, regrowth of labrum‐like tissue was not observed in MRI imaging of the RESEC group. Furthermore, vacuum effect was more apparent in MICRO group compared with RESEC group. All PROs in both groups showed a statistically significant improvement at follow‐up compared with preoperative levels. RESEC group: HHS (73.0 vs 93.8, P < 0.05); HOS‐ADL (51.5 vs 89.1, P < 0.05); HOS‐SSS (47.8 vs 88.3, P < 0.05); VAS (6.4 vs 2.0, P < 0.05). MICRO group: HHS (70.5 vs 91.5, P < 0.05); HOS‐ADL (52.4 vs 87.0, P < 0.05); HOS‐SSS (48.1 vs 86.5, P < 0.05); VAS (6.3 vs 1.6, P < 0.05). One patient of MICRO group had transient neurapraxias of the pudendal nerve that resolved completely by 3 months. There showed no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the preoperative and postoperative PROs.ConclusionCompared to labral resection, combined arthroscopic labral resection and microfracture at the rim of acetabulum is able to fulfill the labral defect area with the potential to restore the seal effect of labrum as an effective and safe option for irreparable segmental labral tears.
Association mapping analysis of oil palm interspecific hybrid populations and predicting phenotypic values via machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shin Min‐Gyoung , Ithnin Maizura , Vu Wendy T. , Kamaruddin Katialisa , Chin Ting Ngoot , Yaakub Zulkifli , Chang Peter L. , Sritharan Kandha , Nuzhdin Sergey , Singh Rajinder 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach was applied to genotype selected interspecific hybrid (F1) and backcross (BC2) families of Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis. Genome‐wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated at 150‐kb pairwise distance for r2 values of 0.17 and 0.42 for F1 and BC2, respectively. Single marker‐trait association analysis identified 47 markers associated with five fatty acid composition (FAC) traits (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and iodine value [IV]) in F1, and 12 significant markers linked to oleic acid (C18:1) and vegetative traits (petiole width and mean leaf width) in BC. Within the QTL region associated with FAC traits, we identified key candidate genes influencing fatty acid synthesis. We implemented two machine learning algorithms, namely random forest and gradient boosting, to evaluate the ability of significant markers in predicting phenotype values. We also demonstrated the contribution of different marker combinations on trait values via prediction trees. This is the first attempt to evaluate the predictive ability of a combination of markers associated with traits identified from association mapping analysis in oil palm populations.