bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide Cold Traps on the Moon
Authors: Schorghofer Norbert , Williams Jean‐Pierre , Martinez‐Camacho Jose , Paige David A. , Siegler Matthew A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater ice is expected to be trapped in permanently cold regions near the lunar poles. Other ices (“super‐volatiles”) are trapped at lower temperatures, close to the lowest temperatures measured within the lunar permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). Here, the thermal stability of solid carbon dioxide in the south polar region is determined by analysis of 11 years of temperature measurements by Diviner, a radiometer onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Sublimation rates averaged over a draconic year are far lower than peak sublimation rates. Small spatially contiguous pockets of CO2 ice stability are found in the craters Amundsen, Haworth, de Gerlache, and others, over a cumulative area of roughly 200 km2. The LCROSS probe impacted one of those pockets and released CO2, serving as validation of the thermal stability calculations. Future surface missions can utilize this highly localized resource for the production of fuel, steel, and biological materials.
The Impact of Radial and Non‐Radial IMF on the Earth's Magnetopause Size, Shape, and Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry From Global 3D Kinetic Simulations
Authors: Baraka Suleiman M. , Le Contel Olivier , Ben‐Jaffel Lotfi , Moore William B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe boundary between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetopause (MP), is highly dynamic. Its location and shape depend on SW dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation. We use a 3D kinetic Particle‐In‐Cell code (IAPIC) to simulate an event observed by THEMIS spacecraft on July 16, 2007. We investigate the impact of radial ( = ) and non‐radial ( = ) IMF on the shape and size of Earth's MP for a dipole tilt of using maximum density gradient and pressure balance methods. Using the model as a reference (MP at 10.3 ), we find that for non‐radial IMF the MP expands by 1.4 and 1.7 along the Sun‐Earth (OX) and tilted magnetic equatorial (Tilt) axes, respectively, and it expands by 0.5 and 1.6 for radial IMF along the same respective axes. When the effect of backstreaming ions is removed from the bulk flow, the expansion ranges are 1.0 and 1.3 and 0.2, and 1.2, respectively. It is found that the percentage of backstreaming to bulk flow ions are 16.5% and 20% for radial and non‐radial IMF. We also show that when the backstreaming ions are not identified, up to 40% of the observed expansion that is due to backstreaming particles can be inadvertently attributed to a change in the SW upstream properties. Finally, we quantified the temperature anisotropy in the magnetosheath, and observe a strong dawn‐dusk asymmetry in the MP location, being more extended on the duskside than on the dawnside.
Rapid Intensity Decrease During the Second Half of the First Millennium BCE in Central Asia and Global Implications
Authors: Bonilla‐Alba R. , Gómez‐Paccard M. , Pavón‐Carrasco F. J. , Río J. del , Beamud E. , Martínez‐Ferreras V. , Gurt‐Esparraguera J. M. , Ariño‐Gil E. , Palencia‐Ortas A. , Martín‐Hernández F. , Chauvin A. , Osete M. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent paleomagnetic studies have shown that important short‐lived intensity fluctuations occurred during the first millennium BCE. However, the knowledge of the spatial and temporal extension of these features is still limited by the scarce availability of robust data. In this study we focus on the study of the intensity decrease that took place in Central Asia during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE after the high intensities that characterized the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly. Since previous archeointensities available for this period and region were obtained without accomplishing modern standards of quality, we present here new archeointensities that are derived from classical Thellier and Thellier experiments, including partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks, thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) anisotropy and cooling rate corrections at the specimen level. The new 51 archeointensities, together with previous archeointensities, have been used to present a new local paleosecular variation curve for Central Asia. The results confirm the existence of an important geomagnetic field intensity decrease in South Uzbekistan from the 4th century BCE to the end of the 1st century BCE associated with rates of changes up to −15 μT/century. A critical analysis of the archeointensity global database indicates that this feature was present at continental scale, from Western Europe to Central Asia. However, this trend is not identified in other regions such as Japan or Mexico. Finally, the comparison with the dipole moment derived from recent global geomagnetic field reconstructions suggests a strong influence of non‐dipolar sources upon this continental intensity feature.
Assessing Spatio‐Temporal Variability of Free Gas in Surficial Cohesive Sediments Using Tidal Pressure Fluctuations
Authors: Garziglia Sebastien , Sultan Nabil , Thomas Yannick , Ker Stephan , Marsset Bruno , Bompais Xavier , Woerther Patrice , Witt Christoph , Kopf Achim , Apprioual Ronan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom a geohazard assessment perspective, the distribution, content, and dynamics of free gas in surficial sediment were addressed by imaging and monitoring the upper 15 m beneath the shelf offshore Nice, France. Based on high‐resolution seismic data covering three sites where pore pressure was recorded over three and a half years, the presence of free gas was determined in the upper 2.75–14.75 m of cohesive, silty clay. Seismic velocity changes delineate two layers with gas volume fractions ranging from 0.12% to 1.89%. By considering the tidal response recorded by eight pore pressure sensors, estimates of gas volume fractions vary from 0.26% to more than 9.4% on a spatio‐temporal scale which cannot be achieved with seismic data. To depict spatio‐temporal patterns three types of free gas occurrence (FGO) were distinguished. Type 3 FGO uniquely showed sawtooth fluctuations in overpressure of 27%–45% of the hydrostatic effective stress as evidence of bubble growth and rise. The other two types showed long‐term overpressure trends indicative of a situation whereby bubble growth has ceased. Type 1 FGOs are distinguished from type 2 by their gas volume fraction lower than 9.4% and ratios of overpressure to hydrostatic effective stress lower than 0.3. Values higher than this threshold are considered sufficient for shear failure to initiate from the steep shelf edge (>20°). Beyond site‐specific insights, the distinction of FGO from their overpressure levels yields testable implications for the dynamics of methane in sediments.
Multisystem Synthesis of Radar Sounding Observations of the Amundsen Sea Sector From the 2004–2005 Field Season
Authors: Chu Winnie , Hilger Andrew M. , Culberg Riley , Schroeder Dustin M. , Jordan Thomas M. , Seroussi Helene , Young Duncan A. , Blankenship Donald D. , Vaughan David G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Amundsen Sea Embayment of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet contains Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers, two of the most rapidly changing glaciers in Antarctica. To date, Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers have only been observed by independent airborne radar sounding surveys, but a combined cross‐basin analysis that investigates the basal conditions across the Pine Island‐Thwaites Glaciers boundary has not been performed. Here, we combine two radar surveys and correct for their differences in system parameters to produce unified englacial attenuation and basal relative reflectivity maps spanning both Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers. Relative reflectivities range from −24.8 to +37.4 dB with the highest values beneath fast‐flowing ice at the ice sheet margin. By comparing our reflectivity results with previously derived radar specularity and trailing bed echoes at Thwaites Glacier, we find a highly diverse subglacial landscape and hydrologic conditions that evolve along‐flow. Together, these findings highlight the potential for joint airborne radar analysis with ground‐based seismic and geomorphological observations to understand variations in the bed properties and cross‐catchment interactions of ice streams and outlet glaciers.
Sequential measurement of the neurosensory retina in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a model of microvascular injury in hypertensive emergency
Authors: Herman Robert J. , Ambasta Anshula , Williams R. Geoff , Zarnke Kelly B. , Costello Fiona E. , Peng Mingkai , Hawkins T. Lee-Ann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography of the eye suggests the retina thins in normal pregnancy. Our objectives were to confirm and extend these observations to women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Maternal demographics, clinical/laboratory findings and measurements of macular thickness were repeatedly collected at gestational ages <20 weeks, 20-weeks to delivery, at delivery and postpartum. The primary outcome was the change in macular thickness from non-pregnant dimensions in women with incident HDP compared to non-hypertensive pregnant controls. Secondary outcomes were the relationship(s) between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and macular response. Data show macular thicknesses diminished at <20 weeks gestation in each of 27 pregnancies ending in HDP (mean 3.94 µm; 95% CI 4.66, 3.21) and 11 controls (mean 3.92 µm; 5.05, 2.79; P < 0.001 versus non-pregnant dimensions in both; P = 0.983 HDP versus controls). This thinning response continued to delivery in all controls and in 7 women with HDP superimposed on chronic hypertension. Macular thinning was lost after 20 weeks gestation in the other 20 women with HDP. MAP at loss of macular thinning in women without prior hypertension (n = 12) was identical to MAP at enrollment. However, mean MAP subsequently rose 19 mmHg (15, 22) leading to de novo HDP in all 12 women. Loss of thinning leading to a rise in MAP was also observed in 8 of 15 women with HDP superimposed on chronic hypertension. We conclude the macula thins in most women in early pregnancy. Those who lose this early macular thinning response often develop blood pressure elevations leading to HDP.
Exercise as a model to identify microRNAs linked to human cognition: a role for microRNA-409 and microRNA-501
Authors: Goldberg Maria , Islam Md Rezaul , Kerimoglu Cemil , Lancelin Camille , Gisa Verena , Burkhardt Susanne , Krüger Dennis M. , Marquardt Till , Malchow Berend , Schmitt Andrea , Falkai Peter , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Fischer Andre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs have been linked to synaptic plasticity and memory function and are emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cognitive diseases. Most of these data stem from the analysis of model systems or postmortem tissue from patients which mainly represents an advanced stage of pathology. Due to the in-accessibility of human brain tissue upon experimental manipulation, it is still challenging to identify microRNAs relevant to human cognition, which is however a key step for future translational studies. Here, we employ exercise as an experimental model for memory enhancement in healthy humans with the aim to identify microRNAs linked to memory function. By analyzing the circulating smallRNAome we find a cluster of 18 microRNAs that are highly correlated to cognition. MicroRNA-409-5p and microRNA-501-3p were the most significantly regulated candidates. Functional analysis revealed that the two microRNAs are important for neuronal integrity, synaptic plasticity, and morphology. In conclusion, we provide a novel approach to identify microRNAs linked to human memory function.
Alpelisib combination treatment as novel targeted therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Chen Kefei , Shang Runze , Chen Xinyan , Zhang Yi , Song Xinhua , Evert Matthias , Zhong Sheng , Li Bo , Calvisi Diego F. , Chen Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common primary cancer with an unsatisfactory long-term survival. Gain of function mutations of PIK3CA occur in a subset of human HCC. Alpelisib, a selective PIK3CA inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA to treat PIK3CA mutant breast cancers. In this manuscript, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of alpelisib, either alone or in combination, for the treatment of HCC. We tested alpelisib in mouse HCC induced by hydrodynamic injection of c-Met/PIK3CA(H1047R) (c-Met/H1047R), c-Met/PIK3CA(E545K) (c-Met/E545K), and c-Met/sgPten gene combinations. Alpelisib slowed down the growth of c-Met/H1047R and c-Met/E545K HCC but was ineffective in c-Met/sgPten HCC. Mechanistically, alpelisib inhibited p-ERK and p-AKT in c-Met/H1047R and c-Met/E545K HCC progression but did not affect the mTOR pathway or genes involved in cell proliferation. In human HCC cell lines transfected with PIK3CA(H1047R), alpelisib synergized with the mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 or the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib to suppress HCC cell growth. In c-Met/H1047R mice, alpelisib/MLN0128 or alpelisib/palbociclib combination therapy caused tumor regression. Our study demonstrates that alpelisib is effective for treating PIK3CA-mutated HCC by inhibiting MAPK and AKT cascades. Furthermore, combining alpelisib with mTOR or CDK4/6 inhibitors has a synergistic efficacy against PIK3CA-mutated HCC, providing novel opportunities for precision medicine against HCC.
OTULIN maintains skin homeostasis by controlling keratinocyte death and stem cell identity
Authors: Hoste Esther , Lecomte Kim , Annusver Karl , Vandamme Niels , Roels Jana , Maschalidi Sophia , Verboom Lien , Vikkula Hanna-Kaisa , Sze Mozes , Van Hove Lisette , Verstaen Kevin , Martens Arne , Hochepied Tino , Saeys Yvan , Ravichandran Kodi , Kasper Maria , van Loo Geert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOTULIN is a deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves linear ubiquitin chains. Here we demonstrate that the ablation ofOtulinselectively in keratinocytes causes inflammatory skin lesions that develop into verrucous carcinomas. Genetic deletion ofTnfr1, knockin expression of kinase-inactiveRipk1or keratinocyte-specific deletion ofFaddandMlklcompletely rescues mice with OTULIN deficiency from dermatitis and tumorigenesis, thereby identifying keratinocyte cell death as the driving force for inflammation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing comparing non-lesional and lesional skin reveals changes in epidermal stem cell identity in OTULIN-deficient keratinocytes prior to substantial immune cell infiltration. Keratinocytes lacking OTULIN display a type-1 interferon and IL-1β response signature, and genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of these cytokines partially inhibits skin inflammation. Finally, expression of a hypomorphic mutantOtulinallele, previously shown to cause OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome in humans, induces a similar inflammatory phenotype, thus supporting the importance of OTULIN for restraining skin inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.
Stage-resolved Hi-C analyses reveal meiotic chromosome organizational features influencing homolog alignment
Authors: Zuo Wu , Chen Guangming , Gao Zhimei , Li Shuai , Chen Yanyan , Huang Chenhui , Chen Juan , Chen Zhengjun , Lei Ming , Bian Qian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring meiosis, chromosomes exhibit dramatic changes in morphology and intranuclear positioning. How these changes influence homolog pairing, alignment, and recombination remain elusive. Using Hi-C, we systematically mapped 3D genome architecture throughout all meiotic prophase substages during mouse spermatogenesis. Our data uncover two major chromosome organizational features varying along the chromosome axis during early meiotic prophase, when homolog alignment occurs. First, transcriptionally active and inactive genomic regions form alternating domains consisting of shorter and longer chromatin loops, respectively. Second, the force-transmitting LINC complex promotes the alignment of ends of different chromosomes over a range of up to 20% of chromosome length. Both features correlate with the pattern of homolog interactions and the distribution of recombination events. Collectively, our data reveal the influences of transcription and force on meiotic chromosome structure and suggest chromosome organization may provide an infrastructure for the modulation of meiotic recombination in higher eukaryotes.
ClusterMap for multi-scale clustering analysis of spatial gene expression
Authors: He Yichun , Tang Xin , Huang Jiahao , Ren Jingyi , Zhou Haowen , Chen Kevin , Liu Albert , Shi Hailing , Lin Zuwan , Li Qiang , Aditham Abhishek , Ounadjela Johain , Grody Emanuelle I. , Shu Jian , Liu Jia , Wang Xiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantifying RNAs in their spatial context is crucial to understanding gene expression and regulation in complex tissues. In situ transcriptomic methods generate spatially resolved RNA profiles in intact tissues. However, there is a lack of a unified computational framework for integrative analysis of in situ transcriptomic data. Here, we introduce an unsupervised and annotation-free framework, termed ClusterMap, which incorporates the physical location and gene identity of RNAs, formulates the task as a point pattern analysis problem, and identifies biologically meaningful structures by density peak clustering (DPC). Specifically, ClusterMap precisely clusters RNAs into subcellular structures, cell bodies, and tissue regions in both two- and three-dimensional space, and performs consistently on diverse tissue types, including mouse brain, placenta, gut, and human cardiac organoids. We demonstrate ClusterMap to be broadly applicable to various in situ transcriptomic measurements to uncover gene expression patterns, cell niche, and tissue organization principles from images with high-dimensional transcriptomic profiles.
Modeling alpha-synuclein pathology in a human brain-chip to assess blood-brain barrier disruption
Authors: Pediaditakis Iosif , Kodella Konstantia R. , Manatakis Dimitris V. , Le Christopher Y. , Hinojosa Chris D. , Tien-Street William , Manolakos Elias S. , Vekrellis Kostas , Hamilton Geraldine A. , Ewart Lorna , Rubin Lee L. , Karalis Katia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and gliosis of the substantia nigra. Although clinical evidence and in vitro studies indicate disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Parkinson’s disease, the mechanisms mediating the endothelial dysfunction is not well understood. Here we leveraged the Organs-on-Chips technology to develop a human Brain-Chip representative of the substantia nigra area of the brain containing dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and microvascular brain endothelial cells, cultured under fluid flow. Our αSyn fibril-induced model was capable of reproducing several key aspects of Parkinson’s disease, including accumulation of phosphorylated αSyn (pSer129-αSyn), mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and compromised barrier function. This model may enable research into the dynamics of cell-cell interactions in human synucleinopathies and serve as a testing platform for target identification and validation of novel therapeutics.
Selectivity descriptors for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons during zeolite-mediated bifunctional catalysis
Authors: Ramirez Adrian , Gong Xuan , Caglayan Mustafa , Nastase Stefan-Adrian F. , Abou-Hamad Edy , Gevers Lieven , Cavallo Luigi , Dutta Chowdhury Abhishek , Gascon Jorge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCascade processes are gaining momentum in heterogeneous catalysis. The combination of several catalytic solids within one reactor has shown great promise for the one-step valorization of C1-feedstocks. The combination of metal-based catalysts and zeolites in the gas phase hydrogenation of CO2 leads to a large degree of product selectivity control, defined mainly by zeolites. However, a great deal of mechanistic understanding remains unclear: metal-based catalysts usually lead to complex product compositions that may result in unexpected zeolite reactivity. Here we present an in-depth multivariate analysis of the chemistry involved in eight different zeolite topologies when combined with a highly active Fe-based catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO2 to olefins, aromatics, and paraffins. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy and computational analysis demonstrate that the hybrid nature of the active zeolite catalyst and its preferred CO2-derived reaction intermediates (CO/ester/ketone/hydrocarbons, i.e., inorganic-organic supramolecular reactive centers), along with 10 MR-zeolite topology, act as descriptors governing the ultimate product selectivity.
Seismological expression of the iron spin crossover in ferropericlase in the Earth’s lower mantle
Authors: Shephard Grace E. , Houser Christine , Hernlund John W. , Valencia-Cardona Juan J. , Trønnes Reidar G. , Wentzcovitch Renata M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe two most abundant minerals in the Earth’s lower mantle are bridgmanite and ferropericlase. The bulk modulus of ferropericlase (Fp) softens as iron d-electrons transition from a high-spin to low-spin state, affecting the seismic compressional velocity but not the shear velocity. Here, we identify a seismological expression of the iron spin crossover in fast regions associated with cold Fp-rich subducted oceanic lithosphere: the relative abundance of fast velocities in P- and S-wave tomography models diverges in the ~1,400-2,000 km depth range. This is consistent with a reduced temperature sensitivity of P-waves throughout the iron spin crossover. A similar signal is also found in seismically slow regions below ~1,800 km, consistent with broadening and deepening of the crossover at higher temperatures. The corresponding inflection in P-wave velocity is not yet observed in 1-D seismic profiles, suggesting that the lower mantle is composed of non-uniformly distributed thermochemical heterogeneities which dampen the global signature of the Fp spin crossover.
The regulatory landscape of the human HPF1- and ARH3-dependent ADP-ribosylome
Authors: Hendriks Ivo A. , Buch-Larsen Sara C. , Prokhorova Evgeniia , Elsborg Jonas D. , Rebak Alexandra K.L.F.S. , Zhu Kang , Ahel Dragana , Lukas Claudia , Ahel Ivan , Nielsen Michael L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the involvement of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in many important biological pathways, the target residues of PARP1-mediated ADP-ribosylation remain ambiguous. To explicate the ADP-ribosylation regulome, we analyze human cells depleted for key regulators of PARP1 activity, histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) and ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3 (ARH3). Using quantitative proteomics, we characterize 1,596 ADP-ribosylation sites, displaying up to 1000-fold regulation across the investigated knockout cells. We find that HPF1 and ARH3 inversely and homogenously regulate the serine ADP-ribosylome on a proteome-wide scale with consistent adherence to lysine-serine-motifs, suggesting that targeting is independent of HPF1 and ARH3. Notably, we do not detect an HPF1-dependent target residue switch from serine to glutamate/aspartate under the investigated conditions. Our data support the notion that serine ADP-ribosylation mainly exists as mono-ADP-ribosylation in cells, and reveal a remarkable degree of histone co-modification with serine ADP-ribosylation and other post-translational modifications.