bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STORYTELLING AND THE HIGH COUNTRY: READING LYNG V. NORTHWEST INDIAN CEMETERY PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION (1988)
Authors: Lloyd Dana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988), the Supreme Court declared constitutional the Forest Service's development plan in an area of the Six Rivers National Forest (known as the High Country) that is central to the religious practice of the Yurok, Karuk, and Tolowa Nations. The Court admitted that “[i]t is undisputed that the Indian respondents’ beliefs are sincere and that the Government's proposed actions will have severe adverse effects on the practice of their religion” (447). Nevertheless, because the disputed area was on public land, the Court thought that the government should be allowed to manage its property in any way it saw fit, regardless of the severe adverse effects on the religious practice of the local Indigenous nations. In this article, I read materials from the trial that led to the Lyng decision, focusing on the Indigenous witnesses and their testimony that has been largely ignored in the Lyng decision. The U.S. legal framework of free exercise does not allow the courts to fully consider the stories told by the Indigenous witnesses in trial. A law-and-literature approach allows me, though, to tell a different story about the High Country, one that centers Indigenous knowledge and sovereignty.
Cetacean strandings along the German North Sea coastline 1604–2017
Authors: Christian Kinze Carl , Czeck Richard , Herr Helena , Siebert Ursula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of 19 cetacean species along the German North Sea coastline as well as the lower reaches of the major rivers discharging into the German Bight is reviewed for the period 1604–2017 based on records of dead animals, either stranded dead or put to death. The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is considered the most abundant and only native species in German coastal and riverine waters. Based on written sources its presence can be traced back to at least 1651, although with statistical data only available from 1990. Finds of further 18 species have been documented: white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas), killer whale (Orcinus orca), beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), narwhal (Monodon monoceros), Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens), northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis), fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). This review corrects several false species assignments earlier introduced in literature based on incorrect scientific or ambiguous German vernacular names and recovers lost records of beluga whale, northern bottlenose whale, sperm whale and fin whale.
Verified secure compilation for mixed-sensitivity concurrent programs
Authors: SISON ROBERT , MURRAY TOBY 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Proving only over source code that programs do not leak sensitive data leaves a gap between reasoning and reality that can only be filled by accounting for the behaviour of the compiler. Furthermore, software does not always have the luxury of limiting itself to single-threaded computation with resources statically dedicated to each user to ensure the confidentiality of their data. This results in mixed-sensitivity concurrent programs, which might reuse memory shared between their threads to hold data of different sensitivity levels at different times; for such programs, a compiler must preserve the value-dependent coordination of such mixed-sensitivity reuse despite the impact of concurrency. Here we demonstrate, using Isabelle/HOL, that it is feasible to verify that a compiler preserves noninterference, the strictest kind of confidentiality property, for mixed-sensitivity concurrent programs. First, we present notions of refinement that preserve a concurrent value-dependent notion of noninterference that we have designed to support such programs. As proving noninterference-preserving refinement can be considerably more complex than the standard refinements typically used to verify semantics-preserving compilation, our notions include a decomposition principle that separates the semantics preservation from security preservation concerns. Second, we demonstrate that these refinement notions are applicable to verified secure compilation, by exercising them on a single-pass compiler for mixed-sensitivity concurrent programs that synchronise using mutex locks, from a generic imperative language to a generic RISC-style assembly language. Finally, we execute our compiler on a non-trivial mixed-sensitivity concurrent program modelling a real-world use case, thus preserving its source-level noninterference properties down to an assembly-level model automatically. All results are formalised and proved in the Isabelle/HOL interactive proof assistant. Our work paves the way for more fully featured compilers to offer verified secure compilation support to developers of multithreaded software that must handle data of multiple sensitivity levels.
The Spanish Petition System, Hospital/ity, and the Formation of a Mulato Community in Sixteenth-Century Mexico
Authors: Valerio Miguel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 1568, a group of Mexican mulatos unsuccessfully petitioned the Spanish crown for a license to build a hospital. The mulatos’ petition, however, is an important document that speaks to the legal avenues Afro-Mexicans explored in the mid sixteenth century in their attempts to improve their social position. Through an analysis of how the petition process played out, this article demonstrates how that process epitomized the growing limits placed on Afro-Mexican autonomy by colonial administrators. I contend that this case attests to the difficulties Afro-Mexicans continually encountered in their efforts to establish safety nets through such institutions as hospitals and cofradías, following the example of other colonial subjects. Over time, however, the mulatos’ attempts to institutionalize their privileges as permanent fixtures of colonial society, for example, in petitioning to establish a hospital, intensified the opposition of local royal authorities. I also argue that the petition reveals a Mexican mulato community taking form as a common goal brought the mulatos together, setting in motion a process of community-building through petitioning. Finally, the petition process allows us to see how mulato-ness was understood at the time, broadening our understanding of the category at the time as well as its transformations. The article thus contributes to the study of Afro-Mexicans’ use of the Spanish legal system in the mid sixteenth century, as well as their engagement with the Spanish petition system, two topics that have received little scholarly attention.
The Influence of Spacecraft Latitudinal Offset on the Accuracy of Corotation Forecasts
Authors: Turner Harriet , Owens Mathew J. , Lang Matthew S. , Gonzi Siegfried 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the ambient solar wind is important for accurate space weather forecasting. A simple‐but‐effective method of forecasting near‐Earth solar wind speed is “corotation,” wherein solar wind structure is assumed to be fixed in the reference frame rotating with the Sun. Under this approximation, observations at a source spacecraft can be rotated to a target location, such as Earth. Forecast accuracy depends upon the rate of solar wind evolution, longitudinal and latitudinal separation between the source and target, and latitudinal structure in the solar wind itself. The time‐evolution rate and latitudinal structure of the solar wind are both strongly influenced by the solar cycle, though in opposing ways. A latitudinal separation (offset) between source and target spacecraft is typically present, introducing an error to corotation forecasts. In this study, we use observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and near‐Earth spacecraft to quantify the latitudinal error. Aliasing between the solar cycle and STEREO orbits means that individual contributions to the forecast error are difficult to isolate. However, by considering an 18‐month interval near the end of solar minimum, we find that the latitudinal‐offset contribution to corotation forecast error cannot be directly detected for offsets <6°, but is increasingly important as offsets increase. This result can be used to improve solar wind data assimilation, allowing representivity errors in solar wind observations to be correctly specified. Furthermore, as the maximum latitudinal offset between L5 and Earth is ≈5°, corotation forecasts from a future L5 spacecraft should not be greatly affected by latitudinal offset.
A pseudo-softmax function for hardware-based high speed image classification
Authors: Cardarilli Gian Carlo , Di Nunzio Luca , Fazzolari Rocco , Giardino Daniele , Nannarelli Alberto , Re Marco , Spanò Sergio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work a novel architecture, named pseudo-softmax, to compute an approximated form of the softmax function is presented. This architecture can be fruitfully used in the last layer of Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks for classification tasks, and in Reinforcement Learning hardware accelerators to compute the Boltzmann action-selection policy. The proposed pseudo-softmax design, intended for efficient hardware implementation, exploits the typical integer quantization of hardware-based Neural Networks obtaining an accurate approximation of the result. In the paper, a detailed description of the architecture is given and an extensive analysis of the approximation error is performed by using both custom stimuli and real-world Convolutional Neural Networks inputs. The implementation results, based on CMOS standard-cell technology, compared to state-of-the-art architectures show reduced approximation errors.
Uncovering the multi-level response of Glycine max L. to the application of allelopathic biostimulant from Levisticum officinale Koch
Authors: Szparaga Agnieszka , Kocira Sławomir , Findura Pavol , Kapusta Ireneusz , Zaguła Grzegorz , Świeca Michał 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interest expressed by the agriculture in the category of innovative biostimulants is due to the intensive search for natural preparations. Our study is the first ever to report a complex approach to the use of allelopathic extracts from Levisticum officinale Koch. roots in soybean cultivation, includes analyses of morphological observations, and analyses of biochemical indicators. Hot method of aqueous extraction was applied. The extracts were administered via foliar application and soil treatment. Lovage extracts had high contents of polyphenolic compounds and rich micro- and macroelemental composition. The infusions did not contain gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid but the abscisic acid and saccharose, glucose, and fructose were found. The extracts modified soybean plant physiology, as manifested by changes in biometric traits. Plants responded positively by increased yield. Seeds from the treated plants had higher contents of micro- and macroelements, as well as total concentrations of lipids (with a slight decrease in protein content). In addition, they featured changes in their amino acid profile and fatty acid composition. The application of allelopathic biostimulant caused increased concentrations of isoflavones and saponins. The natural biostimulants from Levisticum officinale may become a valuable tool in the sustainable agriculture.
Impacts of lipid-related metabolites, adiposity, and genetic background on blood eosinophil counts: the Nagahama study
Authors: Nishi Kenta , Matsumoto Hisako , Tashima Noriyuki , Terada Satoru , Nomura Natsuko , Kogo Mariko , Morimoto Chie , Sunadome Hironobu , Nagasaki Tadao , Oguma Tsuyoshi , Nakatsuka Yoshinari , Murase Kimihiko , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Tabara Yasuharu , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Matsuda Fumihiko , Chin Kazuo , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlood eosinophil count is a useful measure in asthma or COPD management. Recent epidemiological studies revealed that body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with eosinophil counts. However, few studies focused on the role of adiposity and fatty acid-related metabolites on eosinophil counts, including the effect of genetic polymorphism. In this community-based study involving 8265 participants (30–74 year old) from Nagahama city, we investigated the relationship between eosinophil counts and serum levels of fatty acid-related metabolites. The role ofMDC1, a gene that is related to eosinophil counts in our previous study and encodes a protein that is thought to be involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acid damage, was also examined taking into account its interaction with adiposity. Serum levels of linoleic acid (LA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) were negatively associated with eosinophil counts after adjustment with various confounders; however, there were positive interactions between serum LA and BMI and between serum BHB and BMI/body fat percentages in terms of eosinophil counts. In never-smokers, there was positive interaction for eosinophil counts between the CC genotype ofMDC1rs4713354 and BMI/body fat percentages. In conclusion, both serum LA and BHB have negative impacts on eosinophil counts, while adiposity shows robust positive effects on eosinophil counts, partly via genetic background in never-smokers.
MicroRNAs targeting VEGF are related to vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia
Authors: Witvrouwen Isabel , Mannaerts Dominique , Ratajczak Jessica , Boeren Evi , Faes Ellen , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H. , Jacquemyn Yves , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In preeclampsia (PE), pre-existent maternal endothelial dysfunction leads to impaired placentation and vascular maladaptation. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is essential in the placentation process and VEGF expression is regulated through post-transcriptional modification by microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigated the expression of VEGF-related circulating miR-16, miR-29b, miR-126, miR-155 and miR-200c in PE vs healthy pregnancies (HPs), and their relation with vascular function, oxidative stress (OS) and systemic inflammation. In this case–control study, 24 women with early PE (&lt;34 weeks) were compared with 30 women with HP. Circulating microRNA levels (RT-qPCR), OS and systemic inflammation were assessed in plasma samples (PE 29.5 vs HP 25.8 weeks) and related to extensive in vivo vascular function (flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), modified FMD (mFMD), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), heart rate corrected augmentation index (AIx75) and reactive hyperemia index (RHI)). FMD, CF-PWV, AIx75 and RHI were all significantly impaired in PE (P&lt;0.05). PE patients had reduced levels of miR-16 (5.53 ± 0.36 vs 5.84 ± 0.61) and increased levels of miR-200c (1.34 ± 0.57 vs 0.97 ± 0.68) (P&lt;0.05). Independent of age and parity, miR-16 was related to impaired FMD (β 2.771, 95% C.I.: 0.023–5.519, P=0.048) and mFMD (β 3.401, 95% C.I.: 0.201–6.602, P=0.038). Likewise, miR-200c was independently associated with CF-PWV (β 0.513, 95% C.I.: 0.034–0.992, P=0.036). In conclusion, circulating levels of miR-16 were lower in PE, which correlated with impaired endothelial function. Circulating miR-200c was increased in PE and correlated with higher arterial stiffness. These findings suggest a post-transcriptional dysregulation of the VEGF pathway in PE and identify miR-16 and miR-200c as possible diagnostic biomarkers for PE.
Proactive spectrum monitoring with spectrum monitoring data transmission in dynamic spectrum sharing network: Joint design of precoding and antenna selection
Authors: Zhang Y. , Hu G. , Cai Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA proactive spectrum monitoring and spectrum monitoring data (SMD) transmission coexistence system is investigated in dynamic spectrum sharing network, where a spectrum monitor (SM) aims to monitor the spectrum information from the electromagnetic signal sent by the suspicious transmitter to the suspicious destination by using a portion of its antennas and transmit its SMD to the spectrum data fusion center by using the rest antennas. The SMD transmission of the SM can also be employed to jam the suspicious destination to realise the effective proactive spectrum monitoring. Thus, the precoding and antenna selection scheme are jointly designed at the SM to maximise the sum of the achievable spectrum monitoring rate and the SMD transmission rate. The scenario that the SM can assess the statistical channel state information of the suspicious links based on the spectrum information obtained from the spectrum database as the spectrum management node is then considered. The spectrum monitoring/SMD transmission success probability is also derived, and a trade‐off between them is further revealed. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can obtain higher sum rate of the spectrum monitoring and the SMD transmission, which also verifies its effectiveness and above “security‐reliability” trade‐off.
Evolution of skewness and kurtosis of cosmic density fields
Authors: Einasto Jaan , Klypin Anatoly , Hütsi Gert , Liivamägi Lauri-Juhan , Einasto Maret 
Published: July 2021

Aims. We investigate the evolution of the one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the dark matter density field and the evolution of its moments for fluctuations that are Gaussian in the linear regime.
Methods. We performed numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for the conventional ΛCDM model. The simulations covered a wide range of box sizes L = 256 − 4000 h−1 Mpc, mass, and force resolutions, and epochs from very early moments z = 30 to the present moment z = 0. We calculated density fields with various smoothing lengths to determine the dependence of the density field on the smoothing scale. We calculated the PDF and its moments variance, skewness, and kurtosis. We determined the dependence of these parameters on the evolutionary epoch z, on the smoothing length Rt, and on the rms deviation of the density field σ using a cubic-cell and top-hat smoothing with kernels 0.4 h−1 Mpc ≤ Rt ≤ 32 h−1 Mpc.
Results. We focus on the third (skewness S) and fourth (kurtosis K) moments of the distribution functions: their dependence on the smoothing scale Rt, the amplitude of the fluctuations σ, and the redshift z. Moments S and K, calculated for density fields at different cosmic epochs and smoothed with various scales, characterise the evolution of different structures of the web. Moments calculated with small-scale smoothing (Rt ≈ (1 − 4) h−1 Mpc) characterise the evolution of the web on cluster-type scales. Moments found with strong smoothing (Rt ≳ (5 − 15) h−1 Mpc) describe the evolution of the web on supercluster scales. During the evolution, the reduced skewness S3 = S/σ and reduced kurtosis S4 = K/σ2 present a complex behaviour: at a fixed redshift, curves of S3(σ) and S4(σ) steeply increase with σ at σ ≲ 1 and then flatten out and become constant at σ ≳ 2. When we fixed the smoothing scale Rt, the curves at large σ started to gradually decline after reaching the maximum at σ ≈ 2. We provide accurate fits for the evolution of S3, 4(σ, z). Skewness and kurtosis approach constant levels at early epochs S3(σ)≈3 and S4(σ)≈15.
Conclusions. Most of the statistics of dark matter clustering (e.g. halo mass function or concentration-mass relation) are nearly universal: they mostly depend on the σ with a relatively modest correction to apparent dependence on the redshift. We find just the opposite for skewness and kurtosis: the dependence of the moments on the evolutionary epoch z and smoothing length Rt is very different. Together, they uniquely determine the evolution of S3, 4(σ). The evolution of S3 and S4 cannot be described by current theoretical approximations. The often used lognormal distribution function for the PDF fails to even qualitatively explain the shape and evolution of S3 and S4.
Immer wieder anders
Authors: Zander Andrea 
Published: July 2021

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser!Haben Sie auch gerade einen oder sogar mehrere Patienten mit einer distalen Radiusfraktur in Behandlung? Erfahren Sie dabei erneut, wie unterschiedlich, wie langwierig, ja wie frustrierend auch manchmal die Rehabilitation dieser Patienten ist? Ich erlebe das fast täglich in meinem handtherapeutischen Alltag. Jeder Patient ist dabei eine neue Herausforderung! Sehen Sie, und deshalb haben wir unsere neue Ausgabe diesem Thema gewidmet.
Die Verantwortung der Gegner
Authors: Risse Ludger 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung„Wenn du nicht mit am Tisch sitzt, stehst du vielleicht auf der Speisekarte.“ Diese Erkenntnis ist vielfach zitiert, beispielsweise von Andreas Westerfellhaus. Und leider steht die Pflege in Deutschland derzeit auf der Speisekarte, etwa beim Thema Pflegekammer!
Gemeinsam für die Pflege #KAP – Konzertierte Aktion Pflege
Authors: Girts Sabine , Lange Jette 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2019 startete die Konzertierte Aktion Pflege (KAP) unter der Federführung des Bundesgesundheits-, des Bundesfamilien- und des Bundesarbeitsministeriums gemeinsam mit den Ländern und allen relevanten Akteuren im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen. Der Bundesverband Pflegemanagement ist im Dachgremium sowie in vier Arbeitsgruppen der KAP vertreten.
Mass-Like Fat at the Medial Midfoot: A Common Pseudolesion
Authors: Strickland Colin D. , Patten Luke W. , Durst Michael J. , Merkle Alexander N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Fatty masses are common and may be encountered in the foot and ankle. In some cases, normal subcutaneous fat may be mistaken for a discrete mass.Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the common finding of prominent subcutaneous fat at the medial midfoot resembling a lipoma and to determine the prevalence of this pseudolesion by applying a series of potential size cutoff criteria.Materials and Methods Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively evaluated 91 sequentially performed magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the ankle to measure fat resembling a discrete lipoma at the medial midfoot. Each blinded reader measured the largest area of continuous subcutaneous fat in orthogonal axial, coronal craniocaudal, and coronal transverse dimensions. Patient age, sex, and study indications were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with R and SAS 9.4 softwareResults A discrete fatty pseudolesion as defined by measuring at least 1 cm in all planes by measurements of at least two of three readers was present in 87% of cases (79 of 91). When a size criterion of 1.5 cm was used, a pseudolesion was documented in 14% of cases (13 of 91). There was a significant correlation between larger pseudolesion size and female sex in the axial plane; however, there was no correlation in the coronal craniocaudal and coronal transverse dimensions.Conclusions Subcutaneous fat at the medial midfoot often has a mass-like appearance that could be mistaken for a lipoma. It is important to recognize this pseudolesion variant and not to confuse the imaging appearance for a discrete mass.