bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified analysis for variational time discretizations of higher order and higher regularity applied to non-stiff ODEs
Authors: Becher Simon , Matthies Gunar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a unified analysis for a family of variational time discretization methods, including discontinuous Galerkin methods and continuous Galerkin–Petrov methods, applied to non-stiff initial value problems. Besides the well-definedness of the methods, the global error and superconvergence properties are analyzed under rather weak abstract assumptions which also allow considerations of a wide variety of quadrature formulas. Numerical experiments illustrate and support the theoretical results.
Willingness to report treatment-related symptoms of immunotherapy among patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Martin Mona L. , Chung Helena , Rydén Anna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Immunotherapy is an evolving therapeutic approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study explored factors involved in patients’ perceptions about reporting or not reporting treatment-related symptoms experienced while undergoing immunotherapy.

Methods
Patients receiving immunotherapy for NSCLC were recruited in the USA and Europe. Qualitative interviews were conducted to elicit treatment-related symptoms and explore patients’ reasons and motivations for either reporting or not reporting these to their medical teams. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for qualitative analysis.

Results
Sixty-six patients were interviewed (mean age: 62 years; 55% male; 91% with stage IV NSCLC). The most frequent symptoms that patients experienced but did not report were gastrointestinal (23% of patients), respiratory (17%), and energy related (12%). The most common reasons for not reporting symptoms included a perception that they were not severe enough, being unsure whether the experiences were side effects, and deciding that the experiences were expected and could be managed without assistance. Fear of having treatment discontinued was also mentioned but was not a prominent reason. The most common reasons for reporting symptoms were to ascertain if these were normal and expected, and to let the medical team know. Patients emphasized the importance of survival over treatment burden when balancing symptoms with treatment benefits.

Conclusion
Patients have a range of reasons for not reporting their treatment-related symptoms when undergoing immunotherapy for NSCLC. Reasons are more strongly related to determination of the severity versus manageability of patients’ experiences of symptoms than they are to the fear of having treatment discontinued.
Quantum-chemical study on the relative stability of sildenafil tautomers
Authors: Oziminski Wojciech Piotr , Wiśniewski Igor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe tautomeric equilibrium of sildenafil molecule was theoretically studied using B3LYP and M06-2X density functional theory (DFT) methods in connection with aug-cc-pVDZ correlation consistent basis set. Calculations were performed for gas phase and water solution conditions modelled by polarizable continuum model (PCM). Three tautomeric forms are possible. Two keto forms: A — where the tautomeric proton in more distant from carbonyl group and B — where it is closer, and one enol form denoted, C. Both DFT methods qualitatively give similar tautomer stability order: B > A > C. The B tautomer is dominant in gas phase and water environment, whereas the C tautomer is too high in energy to be present in the tautomeric mixture. Regarding the A tautomer, it is not present in the gas phase but is present in small amounts in water solution. According to B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ, the relative Gibbs-free energies for A and C relative to B are 10.05 kcal/mol and 11.91 kcal/mol for gas phase and 5.49 kcal/mol and 12.49 kcal/mol for water solution. According to M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ, the relative Gibbs-free energies for A and C are 9.12 kcal/mol and 10.60 kcal/mol for gas phase and 4.27 kcal/mol and 10.23 kcal/mol for water solution. Therefore, for in vivo conditions, we expect that the B tautomer is dominant, and there may exist small amounts of the A tautomer. The C enol tautomer is not present at all. This picture is very different from the parent tautomeric system: 4-hydroxypyrimidine/4-pyrimidinone where the C enol tautomer is less stable than keto B only by about 1 kcal/mol in the gas phase and the A keto tautomer is the least stable and not present in the tautomeric mixture. In order to understand these differences, we performed additional calculations for a series of parent molecules starting from 4-hydroxypyrimidine/4-pyrimidinone, going through two in-between model molecules and ending at Sildenafil molecule. We found that the most important reasons of C form destabilization are dearomatization of the 6-membered ring caused by the fusion with pyrazole ring, lack of strong intramolecular hydrogen bond in C form of sildenafil and presence of destabilizing steric interaction of oxygen and nitrogen atoms of two 6-memberd rings in this tautomer.
The Golgi-Associated PDZ Domain Protein Gopc/PIST Is Required for Synaptic Targeting of mGluR5
Authors: Klüssendorf Malte , Song Inseon , Schau Lynn , Morellini Fabio , Dityatev Alexander , Koliwer Judith , Kreienkamp Hans-Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn neuronal cells, many membrane receptors interact via their intracellular, C-terminal tails with PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain proteins. Some PDZ proteins act as scaffold proteins. In addition, there are a few PDZ proteins such as Gopc which bind to receptors during intracellular transport. Gopc is localized at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and binds to a variety of receptors, many of which are eventually targeted to postsynaptic sites. We have analyzed the role of Gopc by knockdown in primary cultured neurons and by generating a conditional Gopc knockout (KO) mouse line. In neurons, targeting of neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) to the plasma membrane was impaired upon depletion of Gopc, whereas NMDA receptors were not affected. In the hippocampus and cortex of Gopc KO animals, expression levels of Gopc-associated receptors were not altered, while their subcellular localization was disturbed. The targeting of mGlu5 to the postsynaptic density was reduced, coinciding with alterations in mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity and deficiencies in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Our data imply Gopc in the correct subcellular sorting of its associated mGlu5 receptor in vivo.
Fry Survival Rate as a Predictive Marker of Optimal Production of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Valenciennes 1844): A Biostatistical Study in Deroua Fish Farm, Morocco
Authors: Majdoubi Fatima-Zahra , Ouizgane Anouar , Farid Sana , Mossetti Laura , Droussi Mohammed , Guerriero Giulia , Hasnaoui Mustapha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral indicators show that the world population is rapidly increasing with prospects of reaching close to 10 billion people in 2050. Optimal production of fish is a tentative goal to ensure human feeding and resources sustainability. The present study was performed on eggs of the silver carp, collected during the breeding season of consecutive years with different environmental temperature profiles at the Deroua Fisheries Station to evaluate the seasonal and inter-seasonal changes of eggs quality in order to promote a predictive marker for optimal production of silver carp. The viability of the obtained eggs was detected using ANOVA followed by the Tukey test to analyze fertilization rate, embryos survival rate, and fry survival rate. Data analysis showed no significant difference in the fertilization and survival rate of the embryos during the two breeding seasons, and therefore these can not be used as an adequate criterion to predict the viability of the fry of silver carp. Although the survival rate of the fry did not change during the first season, it changed significantly during the second when there was an increase in the environmental temperature. This factor could be responsible for the disturbance of the females' oogenesis and consequently the degradation of the eggs' quality. The results showed that the fry survival rate could be used as a parameter to predict the yield of silver carp production rather than the success of fertilization and the survival of embryos. This paper discusses the importance and scope of this approach.
Data Protection and Competition Law Enforcement in the Digital Economy: Why a Coherent and Consistent Approach is Necessary
Authors: Wiedemann Klaus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis contribution argues that a coherent and consistent interpretation of data protection and competition law is both possible and adequate. To illustrate this need, the ongoing abuse-of-dominance investigation by the French Autorité de la Concurrence against Apple is analysed. Representatives of the online advertising industry lodged a complaint against the introduction of Apple’s “App Tracking Transparency framework”. The latter includes a de facto obstacle to third-party tracking which shuts down advertisers’ access to those precious personal data that can be used for online advertising. With the Apple case in mind and by way of example, this paper argues that the regulation of consent to the processing of personal data under the GDPR serves as a dogmatic link between data protection and competition law, as this legal basis is at the heart of many digital business models. The GDPR provides a normative framework to determine when consent has been “freely given”. This can be a fruitful starting point for a competitive assessment, too, as both legal regimes pursue the objective of protecting consumer autonomy and consumer choice. The paper finishes by finding that its dogmatic approach corresponds to recent developments within competition law legislation and enforcement.
Knowledge, experience and perception regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among dentists and dental hygienists in Oslo, Norway
Authors: Skaare A. B. , Houlihan C. , Nybø C. J. , Brusevold I. J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study is to gather baseline information on knowledge, perceptions, clinical experience and treatment options regarding MIH among dental care providers in Oslo, Norway, before a larger epidemiological study.

Methods
An electronic questionnaire was distributed to dentists (n = 88) and dental hygienists (n = 47) working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Oslo. The questionnaire consisted of five sections related to sociodemographic, clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management and preferences for further training. Descriptive statistics with chi-squared test was used, and level of statistical significance was set to 5%.

Results
Replies were obtained from 74.1% (n = 100) after two reminders. All respondents encountered MIH in their practice. The respondents’ perception of the prevalence of MIH in Oslo varied. The majority felt confident when diagnosing MIH (86%). The clinicians qualified in the last 10 years felt more confident than those who had qualified earlier (p = 0.016). Most were self-confident when treating these patients (68.3%), however, nearly all (88%) agreed that MIH was a clinical problem. The clinician’s treatment of MIH varied. Difficulties achieving adequate local anaesthetic (71.4%) and the child’s behavioural problems (84.1%) were treatment barriers for the dentists. Approximately two thirds (69%) would like further training, in particular on the aetiology (70%), diagnosis (57%) and treatment (77%) of the developmental disorder.

Conclusion
All clinicians were familiar with the diagnosis of MIH and experienced the condition to be a clinical problem. Continuing education on aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of MIH is requested by dental health personnel.
Chlorogenic acid reduces inflammation in murine model of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tarasiuk Aleksandra , Bulak Kamila , Talar Marcin , Fichna Jakub 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) initiation and progression is still unknown, and effective treatment is limited to supportive care. Many phytochemicals have the potential to alleviate AP symptoms and may be a useful and effective supplement to standard AP treatment. The objective of the study was to examine the potential role of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol known for anti-inflammatory effect, in the treatment of experimental AP in mice.

Methods
Two intraperitoneal (ip) injections of L-arginine (dosage 400 mg/100 g BW) were given 1 h apart to generate the AP murine model. Mice were separated into two experimental groups after 12 h from the first L-arginine injection: AP mice treated with CGA (oral gavage (po) every 12 h; 20 mg/kg BW) and non-treated AP mice (po vehicle, 5% dimethyl sulfoxide every 12 h). Every 12 h, control mice were given an equivalent volume of vehicle. At 72 h, mice were slaughtered. Histology, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and amylase activity assays, were performed on pancreatic tissues.

Results
In murine mouse model of AP po administration of CGA decreased MPO vs. AP (40.40 ± 2.10 U vs. 7.39 ± 0.34; p < 0.001) as well as amylase activity vs. AP (1444 ± 56 mU/mL vs. 3340 ± 144 mU/mL, Fig. 2B; p < 0.001). When comparing CGA mice to AP mice, histological research demonstrated that the severity of AP was reduced following CGA treatment.

Conclusions
The current study found that CGA might have anti-inflammatory effect on L-arginine-induced pancreatitis. Dietary intervention with CGA may be advised as a supportive treatment for AP, according to our findings.

Graphic abstract
On the correction of temperatures derived from meteor wind radars due to geomagnetic activity
Authors: Hall C. M. , Johnsen M. G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Radars used to observe meteor trails in the mesosphere deliver information on winds and temperature. Use of these radars is becoming a standard method for determining mesospheric dynamics and temperatures worldwide due to relatively low costs and ease of deployment. However, recent studies have revealed that temperatures may be overestimated in conditions such as high geomagnetic activity. The effect is thought to be most prevalent at high latitude, although this is not yet proven. Here, we demonstrate how temperatures might be corrected for geomagnetic effects; the demonstration is for a particular geographic location (Svalbard, 78°N, 16°E) because it is local geomagnetic disturbances that affects local temperature measurements, therefore requiring co-located instruments. We see that summer temperatures require a correction (reduction) of a few Kelvin, but winter estimates are more accurate.
Are there de jure objections to Mādhvic belief?
Authors: Gupta Akshay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, Erik Baldwin and Tyler McNabb have brought Madhva's epistemological framework into active dialogue with Alvin Plantinga's religious epistemology and have argued that individuals within Madhva's tradition cannot make full use of Plantinga's epistemology, according to which, Christian belief resists de jure objections and can also have warrant. While I do not contest this specific claim, I demonstrate that an analysis of Madhva's epistemological framework reveals that this framework has its own resources through which it can resist de jure objections. I address various objections to the rationality of Mādhvic belief and conclude that there are no de jure objections to Mādhvic belief that are independent of de facto objections.
Generics in society
Authors: Gelman Susan A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article examines two interrelated issues: (i) how considering generics within their social contexts of use contributes to theories of generics, and (ii) how contemporary work on generics provides promising directions for the study of language as an aspect of social life. Examining the function of generics in meaningful interactions stands in contrast to standard treatments, which consider generics as isolated, context-free propositions. Additionally, recent psychological approaches suggest new questions that can enrich sociolinguistic and linguistic anthropological research. These include, for example, when and why generics serve not just negative functions (such as stereotyping) but also positive functions (such as meaning-making), how generics gain their power from what is unstated as opposed to stated, and how generic language distorts academic writing. Ultimately, the study of language in society has the potential to enrich the study of generics beyond what has been learned from their study in linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. (Generics, concepts, categories, stereotyping, induction)*
Generic reference and social ontology in Vietnamese conversation
Authors: Sidnell Jack 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTGeneric expressions play a key role in the interactional articulation, social circulation, and temporal reproduction of ideology. Here I examine fragments from a conversation between four middle-class participants which took place at a café in Hanoi. After briefly describing the particular grammatico-textual patterns by which specific and generic references are accomplished in Vietnamese, I turn to consider two extended stretches of talk in which these people weave generic reference into the warp and weft of their interaction. I argue that generic reference is intimately tied to social ontology which consists, in part, of ideas about distinct and essentialized ‘kinds of persons’. Deployed in what appears, on the surface at least, as ordinary, mundane conversation, not only does such generic reference serve to position those referred to as ‘ontological other’ (Wynter 1987), it also constitutes an ‘act of alterity’ (Hastings & Manning 2004) by which the participants tacitly characterize themselves. (Reference, Vietnamese, social ontology, alterity, stereotype, essentialism)*
Impact of educational programs on nurses’ knowledge and attitude toward pediatric palliative care
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , Almasri Ruaa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) and examine the impact of an educational program on pediatric nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding PPC for children facing life-threatening illnesses or chronic diseases in Jordan.MethodA quasi-experimental design was used. Exactly 120 pediatric nurses participated in the study, of which 60 were in the intervention group and 60 in the control group.ResultsThe results of the study showed that nurses had a low score in knowledge and attitude toward PPC. The mean knowledge score of PPC for the control group is 6.88 (SD = 2.26), while that of the intervention group was 7.92 (SD = 1.99; p = 0.052). The mean attitude for PPC score for the control group was 95.88 (SD = 7.90), while that of the intervention group was 100 (SD = 10.95; p = 0.009). Also, the educational intervention had a significant positive effect on the knowledge and attitude toward PPC among nurses.Significance of the resultsBased on the result of this study, the authors found strong evidence of the effectiveness of the PPC educational program when it came to improving the nurses’ knowledge and attitude toward PPC services and offer us an effective educational program.
Mutual reinforcement of academic reputation and fossil fuel divestment
Authors: Mikkelson Gregory M. , Avidan Miron , Conevska Aleksandra , Etzion Dror 
Published: August 2021

Non-technical summary
By the end of 2020, 190 universities and colleges worldwide had publicly committed to divest partially or fully from fossil fuel holdings, to help mitigate global heating. We find a statistical correlation between the status of universities in the world rankings and decisions to divest endowments from fossil fuel. Further analysis suggests causation in both directions. Not only do the best divest, but divestors get better.

Technical summary
Previous studies have explored connections between environmental responsibility and the financial performance of business firms. Here, we explore connections between a particular form of environmental responsibility, divestment from fossil fuel, and the reputational status of a different form of organization, universities. We find a strong and robust link between world university rankings and commitments to divest endowments from the fossil fuel industry, with higher-ranked universities divesting at higher rates compared to lower-ranked universities. Rates of divestment also differ significantly between countries, and according to the political orientations of provinces and states. We do not find evidence for links between divestment treated as a binary variable and a university's number of students, size of endowment, or type of endowment. We use time lags to test whether the rank-divestment correlation may arise due to effects of rank on divestment and/or vice versa. These tests indicate influence in both directions. In light of these results, we predict universities that have not yet divested will face mounting peer pressure to do so.

Social media summary
Higher-ranked universities divest more frequently, and divesting universities improve more in the rankings.
A Survey of Dense Low Energy Ions in Earth's Outer Magnetosphere: Relation to Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure, IMF, and Magnetospheric Activity
Authors: Hull Arthur J. , Agapitov Oleksiy , Mozer Forrest S. , McFadden James P. , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe properties of cold, dense, low energy (150 eV) ions within Earth's magnetosphere between 6 and 14 distance are examined using data sampled by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft during a new low‐energy plasma mode that operated from June 2016 to July 2017. These ions are a persistent feature of the magnetosphere during enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure and/or magnetospheric activity. These ions have densities ranging from 0.5 to tens of , with a mean of 1 and temperatures of a few to tens of eV, with a mean of 13 eV. These yield cold to hot ion density and temperature ratios that are 4.4 and , respectively. Comparisons reveal that the cold ion densities are positively correlated with solar wind dynamic pressure. These ions are organizable, according to their pitch‐angle distribution, as being transverse/convection dominated (interpreted as plume plasma) or magnetic field‐aligned (FAL) (uni‐ or bi‐directional characteristic of ion outflow or cloak plasma). Transverse ions preferentially occur in the prenoon to dusk sectors during sustained active magnetospheric conditions driven by enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure under southward and westward IMF orientations. Transverse ion velocities (reaching several tens of km/s) have a westward directed tendency with a slight radially outward preference. In contrast FAL ions preferentially occur from morning to noon during northward IMF orientations, enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure, and quiet magnetospheric conditions within several hours after moderate to strong activity. The FAL ions also have bulk velocities 30 km/s, with an eastward and radially outward tendency.