bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Intermediate Ripening Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Cultivars to Frog Eye (Cercospora nicotianae) and Alternaria Leaf Spot (Alternaria alternata) in the Medium Growing Areas of Zimbabwe
Authors: Shava Justify Gotami 
Published: October 2021

Background: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata) and Frog eye leaf spot (Cercospora nicotianae) are foliar diseases of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) which occur mainly in mature tobacco. Hence, the diseases are often associated with maturity of cured tobacco leaf at the tobacco sales floor in Zimbabwe. Where they occur, they can result in significant reductions in yield and quality of cured tobacco leaf. Methods: A study was carried out in Trewaney, Mashonaland West province in Zimbabwe to investigate the response of newly developed ten flue cured tobacco varieties to the two foliar diseases Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata) and frog eye leaf spot (Cercospora nicotianae). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Standard agronomic practices in tobacco farming were followed and disease assessments were done 18 weeks after planting. Result: Significant differences (p less than 0.05) for resistance to alternaria leaf spot were observed with the experimental hybrid T60 showing the highest resistance to the disease with a disease score of 1.6 under a 0-6 disease scale that ranges from 0 (no disease) to 6 (severely affected). However, there were no significant (p greater than 0.05) differences among the varieties for frog eye leaf spot resistance, yield (kg/ha) and quality as measured by the grade index, however, K 326 showed the highest resistance to frog eye leaf spot. All the varieties, however, showed resistance to the two diseases. It was concluded that K 326 was the source of the resistance to frog eye leaf spot in all the experimental hybrids evaluated and that T60 had the highest Alternaria leaf spot resistance obtained from its parents which are both classified as resistant to the disease.
Stimulasi Kemampuan Berpikir Simbolik Melalui Kegiatan Meronce Anak Usia 4-5
Authors: Istanti Ervina , Debibik Debibik Nabila Fauzyah , Rina Rina Syafrida 
Published: October 2021

Salah satu aspek yang penting dalam perkembangan kognitif anak salah satunya yaitu berpikir simbolik. Indikator perkembangan kognitif pada anak usia 4-5 tahun yang harus dicapai dalam berpikir simbolik yaitu anak dapat menyebutkan bilangan 1-10, mengetahui beberapa konsep bilangan, anak mengetahui lambang angka dan mengenal lambang huruf. Kemampuan berpikir simbolik pada anak usia 4-5 tahun dapat distimulus dengan kegiatan meronce. Dalam penelitian ini ada 10 anak yang diteliti di Kelompok A Paud Puri Amanah, Karawang. Metode yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan data hasil dari kegiatan observasi yang dilakukan dan wawancara kepada guru. Kegiatan Observasi dilaksanakan saat pembelajaran, dan kegiatan wawancara dilakukan kepada guru kelas dan anak kelas A Paud Puri Amanah. Kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan pada 10 anak yang diobservasi menemukan fakta bahwa dengan kegiatan meronce dapat menstimulus kemampuan berpikir simbolik pada anak sehingga anak dapat berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH).Dari Hasil Penelitian yang sudah dilakukukan dari hasil stimulus kegiatan meronce dapat dilihat pada indikator kognitif yang sudah dapat dicapai dengan nilai perkembangan sangat baik sebesar 80%dari keseluruahan anak dan sesuai dalam Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak (STPPA).
Children’s well-being and intra-household family relationships during the first COVID-19 lockdown in France
Authors: Pailhé Ariane , Panico Lidia , Solaz Anne 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This article explores the consequences of the first COVID-19 lockdown in the spring of 2020 in France on intra-family relationships and 9-year-old children's socio-emotional well-being.
Background: On 17th March 2020, France began a strict lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, with school closures and limited outings permitted until early June. All family routines and work-life arrangements were impacted. A major concern relates to how these measures impacted family and child well-being.
Method: We use data from the Elfe Sapris survey, administered during the first lockdown to about 5,000 families participating to the Etude longitudinale française depuis l'enfance (Elfe), a nationally representative birth cohort of children born in 2011. We analysed correlations between parents' socioeconomic and living conditions on four relational indicators: the experience of lockdown, the quality of relationships between parents and children, and between siblings, and an indicator of children’s socio-emotional well-being, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Results: The impact of the lockdown on family well-being was conditional on socio-economic factors and their changes over the period. Deterioration of households' financial situation and having to work outside the home during lockdown was negatively correlated with family relationships and children’s socio-emotional well-being.
Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that while France's first lockdown was a relatively positive period for many households with a primary-school-aged child, we highlight that restrictions exacerbated existing difficulties for disadvantaged families.
Identification of ectoparasites and endoparasites on fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) in Ketapang Timur Village, Ketapang Sub-District, Sampang District
Authors: Sauqi Mohamad Safri , Restiadi Tjuk Imam , Koesdarto Setiawan , Hastutiek Poedji , Setiawan Boedi , Wijaya Agus 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the ectoparasites and endoparasites that infest fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) in Ketapang Timur, Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. The samples in this study were blood, feces and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats taken in Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. Blood samples were examined using a blood smear method with Giemsa staining, while stool samples were examined using three methods, namely native, sucrose floating, and acid-fast modification. Blood examination was checked using a microscope with 1000x magnification and stool examination at 400x magnification. The sample is considered positive if under microscope observation found parasites that match the characteristics of the protozoa sourced from scientific references. The results of the study of 50 fruit bats examined found five positives for digestive protozoa and ectoparasites, the infection was single, with details of one tail being infected with Eimeria sp. and one tail was infected by Leptocyclopodia ferrarii, while blood protozoa were not found. This study concludes that the type of protozoa found in the digestive tract is Eimeria sp. (14%) and ectoparasite Leptocyclopodia ferrarii. (2%). The total percentage obtained was 16% positive for a single infection of protozoa and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats. Suggestions that can be put forward are to conduct further research using PCR and sequencing to obtain more specific and accurate identification results, for subspecies or strains.
RELATIONSHIP OF FORMER HISTORY OF DIARRHEA AND SANITATION WITH THE PREVALENCE OF STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN AGED 1–5 YEARS IN SIDOTOPO WETAN, SURABAYA
Authors: Samsuddin Naisya Azalia , Isaura Emyr Reisha , Sumarmi Sri 
Published: October 2021

Stunting deﬁnes as an abnormal linear growth of children less than -2 standard deviations (SD) of the height measurements according to age. According to WHO (2013), the quality and quantity of nutrient intake and the presence of infectious diseases are directly associated with stunting, while hygiene and sanitation are indirectly associated with stunting. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between disease history and sanitation with the incidence of stunting in children aged 1-5 years in the working area of Sidotopo Wetan Health Center (Puskesmas), Surabaya City. This cross- sectional study was used secondary data from the survey of Puskesmas Sidotopo Wetan children under ﬁve - supervising program 2020 which included 166 children aged ≤ 5 years. The dependent variable was stunting, and the independent variables are the history of diarrheal disease and sanitation facilities. The results found that 77 children under ﬁve were stunting (46.40%), history of frequent diarrhea was 19.26%, history of the last one month of having diarrhea was 20.47%, permanent healthy toilet ownership 89%, and qualiﬁed trash bin were 46.97%. The results of the chi-square statistical test on the research variables further showed a positive relationship with a history of frequent diarrhea (p = 0.023) and diarrhea during the past month (p = <0.001) with the incidence of stunting. There was also a negative relationship between the toilet (p = <0.001) and trash bin ownership with the incidence of stunting (p = 0.023). Thus, this study concludes that the history of diarrhea and environmental sanitation factors of toilet and trash bin ownership have a relationship with the incidence of stunting in children under ﬁve years old. The stunting prevention program shall more consider the awareness of the parents and their kids about nutrient intake, practice of hygiene and sanitation in the house.
ASAM KLOROGENAT PADA KOPI DAN OBESITAS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Chlorogenic Acid in Coﬀee and Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Febrianti Kamila Dwi , Setyaningtyas Stefania Widya 
Published: October 2021

Obesity are defined as excessive fat accumulation caused of imbalance energy in and energy out. Consuming a cup of coﬀee can help prevent obesity through chlorogenic acid compound. Chlorogenic acid is one of biactive component that has an important role to our body. Chlorogenic acid has a potential role in body weight reduction and preventing obesity. Chlorogenic acid has an eﬀect to inhibit the absorption of glucose in the intestine, block the conversion of glucose to fat in the adipose tissue and protect from weight gain. Chlorogenic acid that contain in coﬀee has a diﬀerences that depend on variety, type, roasting duration, temperature and coﬀee bean size. Based on several studies, giving chlorogenic acid as a form of supplementation or green coﬀee extract has demonstrated a consistent result. Those studies explain that chlorogenic acid in coﬀee can inhibit body fat accumulation and reducing body weight. The aim of this systematical review was to know the contain of chlorogenic acid in coﬀee and analyze the eﬀect of giving chlorogenic acid to obesity. The experimental studies in human and animal subjects in the last 15 years as inclusion criteria and studies that is not represent the anthropometry result as exclusion criteria through electronic database were comprehensively reviewed. The result from five studies demonstrated that chlorogenic acid has an eﬀect to reduce body weight, reduce body fat percentage, and reduce blood glucose concentration with the duration and chlorogenic acid dosage diﬀerently. Chlorogenic acid has many benefits in improving the obesity.
PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN ASAM JAWA (TAMARINDUS INDICA LINN) TERHADAP HOMA-Β PADA TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 The eﬀect of Tamarind Leaf (tamarindus indica linn) Extract on HOMA-β in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model
Authors: Novia Devi , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Dewi Yulia Lanti 
Published: October 2021

Nowadays the epidemiological burden of diabetes increases with long life-threatening symptoms and the eﬀects of antidiabetic drugs. Lack of insulin activity is one of the signs of a drop in diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms in antidiabetic include stimulating β-Langerhans cells which secrete insulin and inhibit enzyme activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the eﬀect of giving tamarind leaf extract on levels of homa-β in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. This study used 30 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks with a bodyweight of 150-200 grams and separated into 5 groups. The first group is KN group (DMT2 mice + standard diet), group 2 is KP (DMT2 + Acarbose mice), group 3 is P1 (DMT2 mice + tamarind leaf extract 28 mg / 200gr / day), group 4 is P2 (rat DMT2 + tamarind leaf extract 56 mg/200gr/day), and group 5 is P3 (DMT2 rat + tamarind leaf extract 112 mg / 200gr / day). The measurement method for Homa-β is to use a standardized formula and use the results of blood tests for fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. The results of the inter-variable study using one-way Anova found a significant diﬀerence between the levels of homa-β and the administration of tamarind leaves extract in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus model (p <0.05). There were significant diﬀerences in the 5 treatment groups. On the 7th day, there was an increase in homa-β levels in the KP, P1, P2, and P3 groups while in the KN group decreased in homa-β levels. The P3 group was seen to have the highest increase in homa-β levels in the 14th day, but on the 14th day there was no significant diﬀerence between the acarbose drug group (99.57 ± 6.41) and the P3 group (15.09 ± 1, 71). The conclusion was the administration of tamarind extract at a dose of 28.56, and 112 mg/kgBW/day significantly increased levels of HOMA-β for 7 and 14 days in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SELF-EFFICACY UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 MELALUI EDUKASI GIZI KONVENSIONAL Increased Knowledge and Self-Eﬃcacy of COVID-19 Prevention through Conventional Nutrition Education
Authors: Rachmah Qonita , Nindya Triska Susila , Aji Arif Sabta , Pattimah Sitti , Rachmah Nabilla , Maulana Nabiil Ikbaar , Agustin Asri Meidyah , Astina Junaida 
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impact on various sectors, especially in the health sector. Eﬀorts to prevent COVID- 19 can be done through the application of health protocols and balanced nutrition intake. There were a lot of misinformations related to COVID-19 prevention that might be a risk of increasing positive rate cases. The aim of this study was to determine the eﬀectiveness of conventional nutrition education on knowledge and self-eﬃcacy of COVID-19 prevention eﬀorts. Study subjects of this study were 23 adults aged 19-65 years and taken by total sampling method. Nutritional knowledge data were collected using a questionnaire containing ten questions, while self-eﬃcacy was assessed by creating a structured questionnaire on a scale of 0-100. Conventional education was given in the form of lectures related to the role of balanced nutrition, hoaxes related to food to prevent or treat COVID-19, and other COVID-19 prevention eﬀorts for 90 minutes. Before and after education data were analyzed using paired t-test with SPSS version 23. This study results showed that nutrition education significantly improves nutritional knowledge (mean score before and after = 69.6 + 10.2 and 85.7 + 10.4; p < 0.001), self-eﬃcacy to apply a balanced nutrition pattern (mean scores before and after = 68.2 + 13.0 and 75.5 + 17.5; p = 0.014), and the self-eﬃcacy of implementing the health protocol (mean score before and after = 82.3 + 7.8 and 87.0 + 6.8; p = 0.002). This research can be used as a benchmark for the importance of expanding the coverage of conventional nutrition education to the wider community.
An Efficient Solution to Mudmat Design for Jacket Structures in Soft Seabed Soil
Authors: Suryatin Timbul , Sitanggang Hercules , Budiman Arief , Frieze Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Conventional jacket structures are normally equipped with mat foundations for support during offshore installation when the jacket sits on the seabed before piling. An efficient mudmat design is required to support the jacket since the weight of the mudmat contributes about 20% to the overall structural weight. It is challenging to analyze and to find an exact solution when calculating the bearing capacity of the soil beneath the mudmat because the seabed conditions vary from hard to very soft soil: this is especially true for a relatively slender jacket on very soft soil. The paper presents an efficient method for conducting such design.
Cost Effective Method of Installing Hydraulic Lift System Using Straddle Packers
Authors: Rehman Abid Ur , Abdelbary Marwan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is still in transition due to uncertain oil prices. The lower demand in oil production has become a key challenge for oil and gas companies to drill new wells. To endure the operating expenses, producers are now searching for different advancements for the optimum utilization of the production from their existing wells. Artificial lift systems (ALS) is the most efficient technique to optimize production from the well.
The main purpose of artificial lift systems is to maximize production from a candidate well. However, there are many systems applicable to a single well. Hence, the selection and design of a suitable system play a vital role in the cost optimization of the well. The hydraulic lift system is one of the primary lift systems used widely for decades and has always been given successful results, provided the selection and designs are as per the requirements of a specific well to optimize its production. The jet pump has no moving parts and most of the time can be deployed rig-less, which drastically decreases the installation cost and time for the Operator, translated consequently to decrease the well's kick-off time to start flow. This lift system can be installed in a variety of ways depending on the well's conditions and is a very effective method of lifting a well. However, if not planned and executed properly, the lift system will not be cost-effective for the client.
This paper is about the installation of a jet pump in a unique method of punching a tubing with no seating and sealing profiles to get communication between casing to tubing annulus, then to install the Downhole Jet Pump along with a Straddle Packers assembly. The well 8D located in northern Iraq was drilled in 2014, mud losses were observed during drilling. The well was producing 50 BBLS every three days (after shutting down two days for pressure build-up. The jet pump was designed for this well, with tubing punch and straddle packer options. Since the jet pump system needs isolated pathways for its three different fluids, two straddle packers were used along with the jet pump itself to provide the sealing and proper pathways for the fluids.
The study about the unique installation of jet pump systems will be discussed in detail alongside the field-gathered data to validate initial theoretical designs. The operational procedure and optimization technique for the well is also mentioned for a proper understanding of the whole system. The method used in this well will prove to be an economical option for lifting and producing old wells if there are no communication profiles between casing and tubing annulus.
Delivered Successfully an Open Hole Side-Track from Very Challenging Formation Through Very Narrow MD Window: A Case Study from Kuwait
Authors: Al-Barazi Naser , Al-Naqa Faisal Adel , Chouhan Manoj , Al-Mekhlef Alanoud Mahdi , Saleh Ashraf Mohammad , Bahgat Ahmed , Mustafa Mohammed Mobasher , Saleh Rashad Mohiey , Abdelbaset Shady Moustafa , Al-Qnaai Mohammad Al-Jassim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article presents a unique case study where operating company, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), decided to make an attempt to perform open hole side-track through a very narrow side-track window along with other exiting conditions such as severe downhole losses and drill through very challenging formation. To deliver such project in first attempt requires very detailed planning, close coordination with various service partners such as directional drilling and cementing.
Placing a good side-track cement plug in such formation was a challenge, and 2nd challenge to get kicked off from this narrow window in first attempt which was the key. In case of failure, whip stock option has to be planned as a contingency, which possess new challenging of opening a depleted zone leading to commingling low/high pressure formation which could cause a complicated problem such as borehole stability, leads to stuck pipe problem. Failure to side-track from open hole could end of planning to drill extra hole which required extra casing string to run which will put this project well over AFE and heavily impact on well objective.
This open hole Side-track was planned because while drilling original hole (12 ¼" hole section) close to planned well TD, experienced complete losses. In attempt to cure the losses, LCM was pumped with no success. Performed thixotropic cement plug job for losses control. While performing thixotropic cement plug job, the cement flash set before finishing the displacement, leading to stuck string. After backing off string and fishing attempts, unable to recover the fish completely. Fish left in hole leading to only 68 ft of open hole window available to side-track where performing a cement job was impossible due to severe losses. Only way to secure the well is to try for open hole side-track. With existing sever loss situation for initiating open hole side-track was a serious challenge due to lack of side force and flow restriction to initiate the side-track.
Extensive pre-job planning, peer review and risk assessment was done in coordination with various service partners to deliver such challenging side-track. A hazard analysis decision tree was established to pinpoint the risks and appropriate mitigation measures along with contingency plan put in place. A detailed side-track guidelines was shared and review with the field crew.
The wellbore was successfully side-tracked through a challenging reactive shale formation in a first attempt using a customized kick-off BHA, which not only helped to avoid loss zone in side-tracked hole but also provide additional cost savings to the company. The good hole condition at the side-track point was important to enable smooth passing of the following directional BHA to achieve directional goals.