bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PCR-RFLP method for genotyping of inversion 2Rc in Anopheles coluzzii
Authors: Montanez‑Gonzalez Raquel , Vallera Alexandra C. , Calzetta Maria , Pichler Verena , Love Rachel R. , Guelbeogo Moussa W. , Dabire Roch K. , Pombi Marco , Costantini Carlo , Simard Frederic , della Torre Alessandra , Besansky Nora J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Genotyping of polymorphic chromosomal inversions in malaria vectors such as An. coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson is important, both because they cause cryptic population structure that can mislead vector analysis and control and because they influence epidemiologically relevant eco-phenotypes. The conventional cytogenetic method of genotyping is an impediment because it is labor intensive, requires specialized training, and can be applied only to one gender and developmental stage. Here, we circumvent these limitations by developing a simple and rapid molecular method of genotyping inversion 2Rc in An. coluzzii that is both economical and field-friendly. This inversion is strongly implicated in temporal and spatial adaptations to climatic and ecological variation, particularly aridity.

Methods
Using a set of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with inversion orientation, we identified those that overlapped restriction enzyme recognition sites and developed four polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays that distinguish alternative allelic states at the tag SNPs. We assessed the performance of these assays using mosquito population samples from Burkina Faso that had been cytogenetically karyotyped as well as genotyped, using two complementary high-throughput molecular methods based on tag SNPs. Further validation was performed using mosquito population samples from additional West African (Benin, Mali, Senegal) and Central African (Cameroon) countries.

Results
Of four assays tested, two were concordant with the 2Rc cytogenetic karyotype > 90% of the time in all samples. We recommend that these two assays be employed in tandem for reliable genotyping. By accepting only those genotypic assignments where both assays agree, > 99% of assignments are expected to be accurate.

Conclusions
We have developed tandem PCR-RFLP assays for the accurate genotyping of inversion 2Rc in An. coluzzii. Because this approach is simple, inexpensive, and requires only basic molecular biology equipment, it is widely accessible. These provide a crucial tool for probing the molecular basis of eco-phenotypes relevant to malaria epidemiology and vector control.

Graphical Abstract
Diet-induced obesity leads to behavioral indicators of pain preceding structural joint damage in wild-type mice
Authors: Kerr Geoffrey J. , To Bethia , White Ian , Millecamps Magali , Beier Frank , Grol Matthew W. , Stone Laura S. , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionObesity is one of the largest modifiable risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal diseases, including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and back pain. Despite the clinical association, no studies have directly assessed whether diet-induced obesity accelerates IVD degeneration, back pain, or investigated the biological mediators underlying this association. In this study, we examine the effects of chronic consumption of a high-fat or high-fat/high-sugar (western) diet on the IVD, knee joint, and pain-associated outcomes.MethodsMale C57BL/6N mice were randomized into one of three diet groups (chow control; high-fat; high-fat, high-sugar western diet) at 10 weeks of age and remained on the diet for 12, 24, or 40 weeks. At endpoint, animals were assessed for behavioral indicators of pain, joint tissues were collected for histological and molecular analysis, serum was collected to assess for markers of systemic inflammation, and IBA-1, GFAP, and CGRP were measured in spinal cords by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAnimals fed obesogenic (high-fat or western) diets showed behavioral indicators of pain beginning at 12 weeks and persisting up to 40 weeks of diet consumption. Histological indicators of moderate joint degeneration were detected in the IVD and knee following 40 weeks on the experimental diets. Mice fed the obesogenic diets showed synovitis, increased intradiscal expression of inflammatory cytokines and circulating levels of MCP-1 compared to control. Linear regression modeling demonstrated that age and diet were both significant predictors of most pain-related behavioral outcomes, but not histopathological joint degeneration. Synovitis was associated with alterations in spontaneous activity.ConclusionDiet-induced obesity accelerates IVD degeneration and knee OA in mice; however, pain-related behaviors precede and are independent of histopathological structural damage. These findings contribute to understanding the source of obesity-related back pain and the contribution of structural IVD degeneration.
Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) antibody-positive dermatomyositis associated with ascending colon cancer: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Kumagae Tomohiro , Igasaki Mari , Murata Takaaki , Yoshizawa Masaki , Kitagawa Izumi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) antibody is a marker for predicting cancer association in patients with dermatomyositis (DM). The overall survival rate in DM patients with cancer was reported to be considerably worse than that in DM patients without cancer. However, the treatment for cancer-associated DM remains controversial, because the treatment priority between surgical resection for the tumor and internal treatments, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, and intravenous immune globulin, has not been established.Case presentationWe report the case of a 57-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive DM associated with ascending colon cancer. His clinical symptoms included facial and brachial edema, muscle weakness, dysphagia, myalgia, and rash. Physical examination revealed periorbital edema and Gottron's papules over his knuckles with brachial edema, and tenderness and weakness of the proximal limb muscles. The findings of hyperintense muscles in T2-weighted sequences of brachial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and the infiltration of lymphocytic cells and CD4-positive lymphocytes from muscle biopsy were compatible with the diagnostic criteria for dermatomyositis. Anti-TIF1γ antibody was positive by immunoprecipitation assay. He first started internal treatment including intravenous immunoglobulin, steroid pulse, prednisolone, and azathioprine, followed by surgical resection for the tumor because of the elevation of creatine kinase and progression of dysphagia. However, clinical symptoms did not improve, and the patient died 6 months later.ConclusionsWe faced difficulties in determining the treatment priority between surgical resection and internal treatment for our case; therefore, this case would be educational for readers. We searched PubMed to identify English-language case reports of anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive dermatomyositis with malignancy and found 21 reported cases. We herein review and summarize previously reported cases of anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive DM with malignancy. Cancer screening is essential in patients with anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive dermatomyositis because it is associated with a high prevalence of malignancies. Our review revealed that initial surgical treatment should be recommended for better prognosis if the general condition allows.
Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones
Authors: Bello-Alvarez Claudia , Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
As in other types of cancers, sex is an essential factor in the origin and progression of glioblastomas. Research in the field of endocrinology and cancer suggests that gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in the progression and prevalence of glioblastomas. In the present review, we aim to discuss the actions and mechanism triggered by gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas.

Main body
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. According to the epidemiological data, glioblastomas are more frequent in men than in women in a 1.6/1 proportion both in children and adults. This evidence, and the knowledge about sex influence over the prevalence of countless diseases, suggest that male gonadal steroid hormones, such as testosterone, promote glioblastomas growth. In contrast, a protective role of female gonadal steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) against glioblastomas has been questioned. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate a variety of effects induced by female and male gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Several studies indicate that pregnancy, a physiological state with the highest progesterone and estradiol levels, accelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas and increases the symptoms associated with these tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that progesterone has a dual role in glioblastoma cells: physiological concentrations promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while very high doses (out physiological range) reduce cell proliferation and increases cell death.

Conclusion
Gonadal steroid hormones can stimulate the progression of glioblastomas through the increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the effects mentioned above depend on the concentrations of these hormones and the receptor involved in hormone actions. Estradiol and progesterone can exert promoter or protective effects while the role of testosterone has been always associated to glioblastomas progression.
Efficacy of indigenous isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Baki Derya , Tosun Hilal Sule , Erler Fedai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes all over the world as well as in Turkey. Both adults and larvae of this pest feed on the foliage of potatoes, and often cause complete defoliation of potato plants, with considerable yield losses of up to 60%. Chemical control of this pest has induced the selection of resistant CPB populations and negative environmental impact. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of 14 Turkish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) against different stages of CPB under laboratory conditions.

Results
All isolates were tested as conidial suspensions of (1 × 107 conidia/ml), using spray method. The results from pathogenicity assays showed that virulence of tested isolates was variable, and mortality increased with the time of exposure. The highest mortality was seen in larvae of CPB; however, young larvae (1st and 2nd instars) were more susceptible to fungal isolates than older ones (3rd and 4th instars). Four isolates (BbDm-1, BbDs-2, BbMg-2, and BbMp-1) were more pathogenic than others against L. decemlineata, causing mortalities between 96.7 and 100% in the 2 youngest larval instars, respectively, between 91.7 and 96.7% in the 2 oldest larval instars, respectively, and between 93.3 and 96.7% in 0–48-h-old adults, respectively, 9 days post treatment. Furthermore, these 4 isolates had the most potent egg-hatching inhibitory effects (66.7–90%). The results of molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS region sequence indicated that all tested B. bassiana isolates showed a high similarity (99%) with other B. bassiana isolates in GenBank.

Conclusions
Results suggested that the 4 B. bassiana isolates were highly virulence and had the potential for biological control of CPB. Further tests under field conditions are recommended to validate the laboratory results.
Performance evaluation of multi-GNSSs navigation in super synchronous transfer orbit and geostationary earth orbit
Authors: Shi Tao , Zhuang Xuebin , Xie Liwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe autonomous navigation of the spacecrafts in High Elliptic Orbit (HEO), Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are considered feasible in many studies. With the completion of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System with Global Coverage (BDS-3) in 2020, there are at least 130 satellites providing Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. In this paper, considering the latest CZ-5(Y3) launch scenario of Shijian-20 GEO spacecraft via Super-Synchronous Transfer Orbit (SSTO) in December 2019, the navigation performance based on the latest BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo Navigation Satellite System (Galileo) and GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) satellites in 2020 is evaluated, including the number of visible satellites, carrier to noise ratio, Doppler, and Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). The simulation results show that the GEO/Inclined Geo-Synchronous Orbit (IGSO) navigation satellites of BDS-3 can effectively increase the number of visible satellites and improve the PDOP in the whole launch process of a typical GEO spacecraft, including SSTO and GEO, especially for the GEO spacecraft on the opposite side of Asia-Pacific region. The navigation performance of high orbit spacecrafts based on multi-GNSSs can be significantly improved by the employment of BDS-3. This provides a feasible solution for autonomous navigation of various high orbit spacecrafts, such as SSTO, MEO, GEO, and even Lunar Transfer Orbit (LTO) for the lunar exploration mission.
Opportunities for enhancing brain health across the lifespan
Authors: Gow Alan J. 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYAs we age, there are characteristic changes in our thinking, reasoning and memory skills (referred to as cognitive ageing). However, variation between people in the timing and degree of change experienced suggests that a range of factors determine individual cognitive ageing trajectories. This narrative review considers some of the lifestyle factors that might promote (or harm) cognitive health. The focus on lifestyle factors is because these are potentially modifiable by individuals or may be the targets of behavioural or societal interventions. To support that, the review briefly considers people's beliefs and attitudes about cognitive ageing; the nature and timing of cognitive changes across the lifespan; and the genetic contributions to cognitive ability level and change. In introducing potentially modifiable determinants, a framing that draws evidence derived from epidemiological studies of dementia is provided, before an overview of lifestyle and behavioural predictors of cognitive health, including education and occupation, diet and activity.
Are We Strategically Naïve or Guided by Trust and Trustworthiness in Cheap-Talk Communication?
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Özer Özalp , Subramanian Upender 
Published: March 2021

Cheap-talk communication between parties with conflicting interests is common in many business and economic settings. Two distinct behavioral economics theories, the trust-embedded model and the level-k model, have emerged to explain how cheap talk works between human decision makers. The trust-embedded model considers that decision makers are motivated by nonpecuniary motives to be trusting and trustworthy. In contrast, the level-k model considers that decision makers are purely self-interested but limited in their ability to think strategically. Although both theories have been successful in explaining cheap-talk behaviors in separate contexts, they point to contrasting drivers for human behaviors. In this paper, we provide the first direct comparison of both theories within the same context. We show that, in a cheap-talk setting that well represents many practical situations, the two models make characteristically distinct and empirically distinguishable predictions. We leverage past experiment data from this setting to determine what aspects of cheap-talk behavior each model captures well and which model (or combination of models) has better explanatory power and predictive performance. We find that the trust-embedded model emerges as the dominant explanation. Our results, thus, highlight the importance of investing in systems and processes to foster trusting and trustworthy relationships in order to facilitate more effective cheap-talk interactions. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Light Optimization for an LED-Based Candling System and Detection Combined with Egg Parameters for Discrimination of Fertility
Authors: Pan Chenghao , Zhu Gai , Zhang Yingping , Rao Xiuqin , Jiang Huanyu , Pan Jinming 
Published: March 2021

HighlightsAn LED-based candling system was designed to automatically judge egg fertility.LEDs of six different colors were tested for light optimization.Relative absorptivity (RA) was negatively correlated with the L* value and positively correlated with the a* value.The results combined with egg parameters produced higher accuracy than the results without egg parameters.Abstract. Removal of infertile eggs could increase the efficiency of commercial hatcheries by saving space, ensuring the hatching rate, and decreasing costs. In this study, an LED-based candling system was designed to automatically judge egg fertility by measuring photo-resistance, which was converted into the relative absorptivity (RA) of light through the egg. In the first experiment, 85 eggs were used to test LEDs of six different colors (red, yellow, green, blue, warm white, and cold white) during days 0 to 13 of incubation. In the second experiment, 170 eggs were detected with warm white LEDs during days 0 to 10 of incubation to further study whether egg parameters (weight, dimensions, and shell color) affected the accuracy of logistic regression. The detection results of the first experiment indicated that the RA of fertile eggs increased rapidly throughout the first 13 days of incubation, while the RA of infertile eggs increased little. Comparing the detection results for all LEDs, it was found that the warm white LEDs achieved the best results, with an accuracy of 94.9% on day 7. The second experiment showed that the RA was negatively correlated with the L* value (lightness or darkness) and positively correlated with the a* value (color in the red or green direction). Furthermore, on most days of incubation, the results of logistic regression combined with the egg parameters produced higher accuracy than the results without egg parameters. The accuracy was 100% on day 10. This study provides an automatic and non-destructive method to discriminate fertile eggs from infertile eggs for current hatcheries. Keywords: Egg parameters, Fertility, LED, Light optimization.
Nonsuspended optomechanical crystal cavities using As2S3 chalcogenide glass
Authors: Qi Renduo , Xu Qiancheng , Wu Ning , Cui Kaiyu , Zhang Wei , Huang Yidong 
Published: March 2021

An optomechanical crystal cavity with nonsuspended structure using

As

2

S
3

material is proposed. The principle of mode confinement in the nonsuspended cavity is analyzed, and two different types of optical and acoustic defect modes are calculated through appropriate design of the cavity structure. An optomechanical coupling rate of 82.3 kHz is obtained in the proposed cavity, and the designed acoustic frequency is 3.44 GHz. The acoustic mode coupling between two nonsuspended optomechanical crystal cavities is also demonstrated, showing that the proposed cavity structure has great potential for realizing further optomechanical applications in multicavity systems.
The impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes among hospital fever clinic attendants across Nepal: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Devkota Hridaya Raj , Sijali Tula Ram , Bogati Ramji , Ahmad Meraj , Shakya Karuna Laxmi , Adhikary Pratik 
Published: March 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been creating a panic and distressing situations among the entire population globally including Nepal. No study has been conducted assessing the psychological impact of this pandemic on the general public in Nepal. The objective of this study is to assess the mental health status during COVID-19 outbreak and explore the potential influencing factors among the population attending the hospital fever clinics with COVID–19 symptoms.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May—June, 2020 with a sample of 645 participants aged 18 and above in 26 hospitals across Nepal. Telephone interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire along with a validated psychometric tool, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) scale. The metrics and scores of symptoms and their severity were created and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of potential covariates with outcome variables.

Results
The prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress were 14%, 7% and 5% respectively. In reference to Karnali, participants from Bagmati province reported higher level of anxiety (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.31–9.06), while stress (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.09–18.32) and depressive symptoms (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.05–9.23) observed higher among the participants in Province 1. Women were more at risk of anxiety (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.83–6.36) than men. Similarly, people currently living in rented houses reported more stress (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.05–8.43) and those living far from family reported higher rates of depressive symptoms (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.03–11.46).

Conclusion
The study identified increased prevalence of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms during the initial stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Considering the findings, there is urgent need to develop and implement appropriate community-based mental health programs targeting individuals who have had COVID-19 symptoms and who are prone to develop adverse mental health outcomes.
Injuries that May Have Been Caused by a Crown of Thorns
Authors: Górska Hanna Walentyna 
Published: March 2021

The article is the attempt to answer the question: what physical injury could cause the Crown of Thorns, which was placed on the head of Jesus. Analysis of this event and its effects, was carried out on the basis of the study of the Shroud of Turin, Sudarium of Oviedo, Sainte Coiffe. In addition, there has been included information on Jewish funeral procedures and the study of plant species, which served the soldiers to make the crown of thorns for Jesus.