bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive management of obesity in people with severe chronic kidney disease: A review
Authors: Song Richard , Nolan Brendan J. , Harb Hecham , Sumithran Priya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObesity is highly prevalent worldwide, including among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of severe and/or end‐stage kidney disease complicates the treatment of obesity for several reasons, including restrictions on protein and fluid intake and renal excretion of several medications indicated for the treatment of obesity. The aim of this review is to assess the safety of intensive obesity treatments, such as very‐low‐energy diets (VLEDs), obesity pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery, in people with end‐stage kidney disease. A literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting safety outcomes for VLEDs, liraglutide, phentermine, phentermine‐topiramate, naltrexone‐bupropion and bariatric surgery in people with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2 or on dialysis. Limited data were insufficient to recommend VLEDs but highlighted their potential efficacy and the need for close clinical and biochemical monitoring. There were no data regarding centrally acting obesity pharmacotherapy in this population, although some glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues appear to safely induce weight loss at doses used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some studies suggest an increased rate of complications of bariatric surgery in individuals with severe or end‐stage CKD. Further prospective evaluation of intensive obesity management in the growing population with obesity and severe, end‐stage and dialysis‐dependent CKD is required.
Distributions of LRS in varying environments
Authors: Tuljapurkar Shripad , Zuo Wenyun , Coulson Tim , Horvitz Carol , Gaillard Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of individuals is affected by random events such as death, realized growth or realized reproduction, and the outcomes of these events can differ even when individuals have identical probabilities. Another source of randomness arises when these probabilities also change over time in variable environments. For structured populations in stochastic environments, we extend our recent method to determine how birth environment and birth stage determine the random distribution of the LRS. Our results provide a null model that quantifies effects on LRS of just the birth size or stage. Using Roe deer Capreolus capreolus as a case study, we show that the effect of an individual's birth environment on LRS varies with the frequency of environments and their temporal autocorrelation, and that lifetime performance is affected by changes in the pattern of environmental states expected as a result of climate change.
Engaging the next generation of editorial talent through a hands‐on fellowship model
Authors: Deemer Bridget R. , Hotaling Scott , Poulson‐Ellestad Kelsey , Falkenberg Laura J. , Cloern James E. , Soranno Patricia A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeer‐review and subject‐matter editing is the backbone of scientific publishing. However, early‐career researchers (ECRs) are given few opportunities to participate in the editorial process beyond reviewing articles. Thus, a disconnect exists: science needs high‐quality editorial talent to conduct, oversee and improve the publishing process, yet we dedicate few resources to building editorial talent nor giving ECRs formal opportunities to influence publishing from within. ECRs can contribute to the publishing landscape in unique ways given their insight into new and rapidly developing publishing trends (e.g. open science). Here, we describe a two‐way fellowship model that gives ECRs a “seat” at the editorial table of a field‐leading journal. We describe both the necessary framework and benefits that can stem from editorial fellowships for ECRs, editors, journals, societies, and the ​broader scientific community.
Using Intent‐to‐Attend to Predict Attendance in Community‐Based Relationship Education
Authors: Carlson Ryan G. , Wheeler Naomi J. , Barden Sejal M. , Romagnolo Shannon M. , Dillman Talyor Dalena , Hipp Christopher J. , Silverio Nicole , Moran Madeline 
Published: April 2021

Government‐supported relationship education has provided resources for inclusion of economically vulnerable and ethnically diverse participants; however, many grantees and programs struggled to retain couples in longitudinal studies, which has likely influenced study effects and threatened internal validity. In the present study, we assessed 1,056 couples’ baseline relationship satisfaction and intent‐to‐attend their next scheduled visit while participating in a randomized controlled trial of relationship education and evaluated the predictive ability of their responses to remain in the six‐month study. We conducted actor‐partner interdependence models for couples, using a probit cross‐lagged regression with a structural equation modeling framework, to test the dyadic influence of intent‐to‐attend on future couple attendance. We also examined the influence of higher or lower baseline relationship satisfaction between partners and group assignment (treatment or wait‐list control) on attendance. Intent‐to‐attend scores were associated with attendance for couples at the one‐month follow‐up, and early attendance was the biggest predictor of later attendance. Additionally, baseline intent‐to‐attend scores predicted later intent‐to‐attend scores for all follow‐up time points. However, we found no partner effects, and no effects for the influence of baseline relationship satisfaction or group assignment. We discuss practical suggestions for including intent‐to‐attend in future studies, relationship education programming, and general therapy practice.
Natural evolution in pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis: 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Czarny Justyna , Renke Joanna , Żawrocki Anton , Nowicki Roman J. , Lange Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of myeloproliferative disorders characterized by accumulation of clonal mast cells in various tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms evolution and outcome after 10 years observation.MethodsFifty‐five children with mastocytosis were included in the study group and monitored concerning mast cell mediator‐related symptoms (MC MRSs) and clinical course of the disease for a period of ≥10 years.ResultsPatients presented with a maculopapular cutaneous form of mastocytosis (MPCM) (n = 47) and diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) (n = 8). The complete remission (CR) of skin lesions occurred in 10.3% of children after 10 years observation; no remission (NR) was observed in 17.9% children. The CR of skin specific MC MRS occurred in 69.2% children with MPCM and in 14.3% with DCM.ConclusionMost children with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) eventually experience a major or partial regression of skin lesions, although complete regression before puberty is rare. The spontaneous remission of skin specific MC MRS is less frequent in children with DCM.
Serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) levels as a new potential biomarker of treatment response in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Şumnu Şeyma , Mehtap Özgür , Mersin Sinan , Toptaş Tayfur , Görür Gözde , Gedük Ayfer , Ünal Serkan , Polat Merve Gökçen , Aygün Kemal , Yenihayat Emel Merve , Albayrak Hayrunnisa , Uluköylü Mengüç Meral , Tarkun Pınar , Hacıhanifioğlu Abdullah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is unusual among malignancies, with inflammation playing such a prominent role in its pathogenesis. S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) is a heterodimeric protein, which has a role in the inflammatory response and oncogenesis. In this study in HL patients, the correlation between serum S100A8/A9 levels and treatment responses was investigated along with whether this marker is correlated with other inflammatory markers.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three HL patients and 20 healthy volunteers were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Calprotectin levels were measured with Human S100A8/A9 Heterodimer Quantikine ELISA kit. Calprotectin levels were measured twice in patients, before and after treatment, and once in the control group. Treatment responses were evaluated with positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT).ResultsThe mean age of patients was 44.3 ± 18.1 (66.3% male). The median (IQR) values of S100A8/A9 before and after treatment in the patient group were 4.98 (2.6‐7.8) and 1.87 (1.1‐4.8)µg/mL. Median (IQR) S100A8/A9 concentration in the control group was 1.41 (0.98‐2.73)µg/mL. In patients, pretreatment values were significantly higher than in controls (P < .001). However, median values of patients after treatment and controls were similar. Patient median S100A8/A9 levels were significantly lower post‐treatment compared with pretreatment values (P = .001). When inflammatory markers were examined within groups, no relationship was found between markers. In ROC analysis, a S100A8/A9 cutoff value of ≥3.31µg/mL accurately discriminated end‐of‐treatment PET positivity (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI 0.58‐0.98; accuracy = 76.2%).ConclusionS100A8/A9 may be a potential biomarker for treatment response in HL independent of inflammation. This is the first study to investigate and show this finding. However, further large‐scale studies are still required.
Blood inventory management: Ordering policies for hospital blood banks under uncertainty
Authors: Meneses Maria , Marques Inês , Barbosa‐Póvoa Ana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe blood supply chain faces several challenges, such as stochastic demand and supply, the relation between the various stages of the chain, and the intrinsic nature of the product. Blood is a perishable, scarce, and (in most cases) voluntarily supplied product used to perform vital transfusions in patients which increases the pressure of managing its supply chain as efficiently and effectively as possible. For these reasons, it is crucial to have optimized inventory management that allows the availability of the right type of blood product, in the right place, at the right time, and in the right amount while avoiding wastage, especially in hospital blood banks that are the direct link to patients. This work aims to address these challenges with a new two‐stage stochastic programming model for defining optimal ordering policies for blood products, considering demand uncertainty. This model minimizes wastage, shortages, and total costs related to blood inventory management, including ABO‐substitutions. The model supports hospitals’ tactical‐operational decisions of when and how much blood products to order. A case study of a Portuguese hospital is used to validate and show the applicability of the model. By comparing several ordering policies, we show that it is possible to contemplate the decision maker's goals whilst obtaining substantial reductions in terms of wastage and costs. These results allow the definition of an important set of managerial insights.
Changes in root xylem anatomy of peanut genotypes with different drought resistance levels under early‐season drought
Authors: Thangthong Nuengsap , Jogloy Sanun , Jongrungklang Nuntawoot , Kvien Craig K. , Dodd Ian C. , Vorasoot Nimitr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the 2014 and 2015 seasons, peanut root anatomy studies were conducted under well‐watered and under drought conditions using three peanut genotypes which are known to differ in their physiological responses to early‐ and mid‐season drought (ICGV 98,305, ICGV 98,324 and Tifton‐8). Cross sections of the newly formed roots revealed that the average vessel diameter and total vessel area in the first‐order roots were significantly reduced under drought in ICGV 98,305 and ICGV 98,324, yet not in Tifton‐8, which had the smallest vessel diameters and total area in both well‐watered and drought treatments. The xylem vessel structure in newly formed roots of ICGV 98,324 was very responsive to changes in soil moisture content. This adaptive capacity of ICGV 98,324 to change xylem structure as soil moisture conditions change may provide plant breeders an important trait which will lead to better water‐use efficiencies in both moist and drought conditions.
Moisture‐dependentengineering properties of arugula seed relevant in mechanical processing and bulk handling
Authors: Mirzabe Amir Hossein , Hajiahmad Ali , Asadollahzadeh Amir Hossein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the engineering properties of seeds, grains, nuts, kernels, and fruits is vital in the design of planting, harvesting, and postharvesting machines. This study investigates moisture‐dependent geometrical, gravimetrical, frictional, rheological, and aerodynamical properties of arugula seed. The length, width, and thickness of the seed distributions were modeled by the Normal, Log‐normal, and Weibull probability density functions. In the moisture ranges of 4.68–20.50%, the major, intermediate, and minor seed dimensions increased from 2.01 to 2.35 mm, 1.60 to 1.98 mm, and 1.17 to 1.33 mm, respectively. The results indicated that Log‐normal distribution had the best performance in most cases. Values of 1,000‐seed mass, bulk density, particle density, and porosity ranged between 1.33 to 1.77 g, 703.07 to 644.37 kg m−3, 1,160 to 1,392 kg m−3, and 39.39 to 53.71% as in the above moisture ranges. The filling and emptying angles of repose increased from 29.21° to 34.78° and 37.95° to 39.75°, respectively, as the moisture content increased. Incremental trends were observed for terminal velocity in water and air and residual stress during relaxation tests. Decreasing trends were observed for drag coefficient, modulus of elasticity, maximum contact stress, toughness, hardness, rupture force, and reduced stress during relaxation tests.Practical ApplicationsArugula (Eruca vesicariaL. orEruca sativaMill L.) is a popular worldwide vegetable. Besides consuming its leaves as a vegetable, the oil extracted from its seeds has industrial uses. This study investigated properties of arugula seeds with varying moisture contents with a view to understand their relevance in mechanical processing and bulk handling. The results presented in the current work would contribute to designing the metering devices (distributors), sorters, separators, cleaners, transportation systems, conveyors, oil extractors, etc.
Combined press cog type and cog PDO threads in comparison with the cog PDO threads in facial rejuvenation
Authors: Khan Galina , Ahn Kwang Hyeon , Kim Se Young , Park EunSoo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThread lifting is one of the most common minimally invasive options in facial rejuvenation procedures. The application of polydioxanone (PDO) showed good results and fewer complications. PDO threads effectively strengthen the contour of the face, reduce roundness, and lift sagging skin due to collagen‐stimulating properties.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was an evaluation of the efficacy of the PDO threads: the combination of the cog type and press cog type threads (Ncog and Nfix) and cog type thread (Ncog) alone. And this study was conducted to define complications related to thread inserting during the follow‐up period.Materials and MethodsThirty patients who underwent PDO thread treatment for facial rejuvenation and tightening sagging skin tissues were evaluated. The follow‐up period was seven months. Photographic objective and subjective evaluations were performed during this period.ResultsThirty patients were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 51.8 years (range 65 to 34). There was a statistically significant difference between pre and 1‐month post‐operative results in both groups with a mean score of 1.94 ± 0.43 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of Ncog and N fix showed slightly better results than Ncog alone. According to patient satisfaction, all patients were satisfied with the clinical outcomes.ConclusionsOur results revealed PDO threads are effective in aged skin rejuvenation, soft tissue retraction, and support, showing fewer complications. In addition, it could be assumed that treatment with thicker thread could be a more efficacious procedure. However, this statement requires further researches.
Global digital social learning as a strategy to promote engagement in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Davidson Patricia M. , Lin Christopher Jeremy , Beaman Adam , Jackson Debra , Reynolds Nancy R. , Padula William V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess formative and summative milestones in a digital course and the reach to low‐ and middle‐income countries of a Massive Open Online Course focussing on supporting nurses dealing with an emerging pandemic.BackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has ravaged the globe and increased the need for timely and accurate information from reliable sources. Access to reliable and accurate information, as well as support, is important in achieving health systems strengthening. Using a Massive Open Online Course format, an educational resource aimed at large‐scale interactive participation via the Internet, and participants were engaged in a course focussing on nursing in a time of crisis and involved using social learning principles.DesignObservational descriptive study.MethodRoutinely collected data were collated during the period of 18 May–18 July 2020 focused on both formative and summative milestones in the course. Data were separated and classified by income in accordance with the publicly accessible 2020 World Bank Open Dataset.ResultsDuring the 2‐month period of observation (18 May–18 July 2020), 10,130 individuals from 156 countries enrolled in the course. More than 51% of participants were Active Learners. Thirty per cent completed over 90% of the course content by the end. There was widespread distribution of learners in low‐ and middle‐income countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the importance of reliable and valid information sources. The
use of Massive Open Online Course format can facilitate dissemination.Relevance to clinical practiceIn the context of a dynamic global pandemic, leveraging digital resources to allow access to reliable information and resources is important. Incentivising participation through recognition of learning is important. Engaging in a social learning platform also has the power for reflection, promotion of resilience and capacity for health systems strengthening.
Skill shortages and skill mismatch: A review of the literature
Authors: Brunello Giorgio , Wruuck Patricia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe review the recent economic literature on skill shortages and skill mismatch by paying particular attention to the demand side of skill mismatch, which have not received much attention in the relevant literature. We discuss measurement issues and how skill shortages and mismatch vary both with the business cycle and with structural factors. We review the economic costs for workers and firms and conclude by considering the policy implications, including how responsibilities for skill development can best be shared and what role policies can play to better address skill shortages and mismatches.
Use of the Kano model and sensory evaluation in the development of an iron supplement for women
Authors: Audiverth Heidy Lorena Ferrari , de Oliveira Garcia Aline , Salvucci Celeste Ormenese Rita de Cássia , Bertoldo Pacheco Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study presents an alternative for the preparation of questions using the Kano model to evaluate the presentation of a powdered, water‐soluble supplement. The results were used to develop a formulation containing chelated Fe‐peptides for women. The experiment was carried out in two steps: (a) an online survey to determine the satisfaction with the powdered iron supplement in relation to other presentations, and the flavor preference, (b) sensory evaluation of the formulations developed. A total of 364 replies were collected in the online survey, which indicated indifference with respect to satisfaction for the use of a powdered, water‐soluble product as compared to pills, drops, and syrups. The flavors preferred were: lemon (46.6%), orange (40.9%), chocolate and red fruits (32%). The sensory test (n = 121) of the three formulations (strawberry, tangerine, and chocolate) containing 14 mg Fe2+ per sachet, validated the tangerine flavor as the most accepted and chocolate as rejected by the consumers.Practical ApplicationsIron supplements do not have very attractive flavors and have an unpleasant metallic aftertaste. Thus, in order to present a new type of supplement still unavailable on the market, the use of a comprehensive approach making use of methods such as the Kano model and a sensory evaluation, could help elucidate this question. The Kano model is an efficient tool used to evaluate attributes and allows one to obtain other information about consumer desires in both explicit and implicit ways. However, the application of the Kano model for attributes with three or more levels has been little explored. Thus, the present study presents an application of this model with the use of direct questions for an attribute with four levels, and the application of sensory tests that allow one to direct and optimize product development. The analysis of the information obtained contributed to the development of a sensorially acceptable powdered, water soluble iron supplement.
Impact of species and their edible parts on the macronutrient and mineral composition of fish from the same aquatic environment, the Gilgel Gibe Reservoir, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayissa Tokuma Negisho , Geerardyn Michelle , Gobena Sagni , Vanhauteghem Donna , Du Laing Gijs , Wakijra Kabeta Mulugeta , Janssens Geert Paul Jules 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFish is an important source of easily digestible animal protein and other essential nutrients. It plays a pivotal role in food security and poverty alleviation in developing countries. However, the nations of the global South consume a limited number of fish species. This study aimed to evaluate the macronutrient and mineral composition of Whole fish (Labeobarbus intermedius, Garra quadrimaculata) and fillet (Oreochromis niloticus, Labeobarbus intermedius). A total of 64 fish samples were collected from Gilgel Gibe reservoir, Ethiopia, and analysed for its macronutrient and mineral composition. The proximate composition and mineral contents of fillets and whole body samples were determined. The whole fish showed a much higher fat and ash percentage than the fillets (p < 0.05). The fillets contained a much higher protein concentration than the whole fish (p < 0.05). The higher Ca:P ratios in whole fish compared to fillet in our study confirm the importance for a healthy human skeletal development, especially in diets where Ca is typically lacking. Whole Garra appeared to be containing important trace elements such as zinc and iron, a feature that was not found to the same extent in the whole Labeobarbus. These differences may find its origin in the feeding pattern of these fish species in the reservoir. The advantage of benthic species such as Garra to enrich the human diet with essential minerals may, however, coincide with the accumulation of toxic heavy metals as a potential result of soil erosion.