bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic regionalization of the vertebral column in the thorny skateAmblyraja radiata: Stability and variation
Authors: Berio Fidji , Bayle Yann , Riley Cyrena , Larouche Olivier , Cloutier Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRegionalization of the vertebral column occurred early during vertebrate evolution and has been extensively investigated in mammals. However, less data are available on vertebral regions of crown gnathostomes. This is particularly true for batoids (skates, sawfishes, guitarfishes, and rays) whose vertebral column has long been considered to be composed of the same two regions as in teleost fishes despite the presence of a synarcual. However, the numerous vertebral units in chondrichthyans may display a more complex regionalization pattern than previously assumed and the intraspecific variation of such pattern deserves a thorough investigation. In this study, we use micro‐computed tomography (µCT) scans of vertebral columns of a growth series of thorny skatesAmblyraja radiatato provide the first fine‐scale morphological description of vertebral units in a batoids species. We further investigate axial regionalization using a replicable clustering analysis on presence/absence of vertebral elements to decipher the regionalization of the vertebral column ofA. radiata. We identify four vertebral regions in this species. The two anteriormost regions, named synarcual and thoracic, may undergo strong developmental or functional constraints because they display stable patterns of shapes and numbers of vertebral units across all growth stages. The third region, named hemal transitional, is characterized by high inter‐individual morphological variation and displays a transition between the monospondylous (one centrum per somite) to diplospondylous (two centra per somite) conditions. The posteriormost region, named caudal, is subdivided into three sub‐regions with shapes changing gradually along the anteroposterior axis. These regionalized patterns are discussed in light of ecological habits of skates.
Psychological crisis and emergency intervention for frontline critical care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gálvez‐Herrer Macarena , Via‐Clavero Gemma , Ángel‐Sesmero José Antonio , Heras‐La Calle Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the main feelings and coping strategies among frontline critical care workers during the first phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic and to evaluate the level of satisfaction after a psychological crisis and emergency intervention.BackgroundThe health crisis brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed critical care workers to an intense physical and emotional burden. Scientific research recommends psychological crisis and emergency interventions during the acute phase to help cope with the situation and prevent emotional side effects.DesignA multicentre descriptive study with mixed qualitative and quantitative data was developed.MethodsHealthcare and non‐healthcare critical care workers from 16 hospitals were included. Psychological crisis assistance was given (for individuals and groups), both face‐to‐face and online, with 18 psychologists for two months. Content analysis from the psychologists’ session reports after each intervention was performed (COREQ). Satisfaction with the intervention was assessed with an ‘ad hoc’ 21‐item online survey.ResultsA total of 553 interventions were carried out (361 individually and 192 in groups). Four themes were identified: 1‐Imbalance between occupational demands and resources; 2‐Acute stress responses; 3‐Personal and professional consequences; and 4‐Protection factors. The main protection factor identified was group cohesion and perceived social support. The mean general satisfaction with the intervention was high and 96.2% (n=252) of the participants would recommend it in future.ConclusionsA psychological crisis and emergency intervention helped critical care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic to verbalise and integrate the situation, providing strategies to cope with the experience with a high level of satisfaction from the participants assisted.Relevance to clinical practiceDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, support groups guided by psychologists fostered reflection on aspects related to work, interaction with patients and relatives and social support from workmates that help them for coping with stress, share emotions and experiences and feel understood.
Accumulation of heavy metals in the physical and biological systems of Lake Koka, Ethiopia: Implications for potential health risks
Authors: Tessema Kassahun , Lemma Brook , Fetahi Tadesse , Kebede Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLake Koka has several important socioeconomic uses, hydroelectric power generation, domestic water supply, irrigation, recreation and fishery. It is currently under serious threat, however, because of point and nonpoint pollution inputs. The objective of the present study was to examine the concentration of heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd) and their bioaccumulation, and biomagnification factors along the lake's food chain in order to assess the potential human and ecological health risks. Water, sediment and plankton samples were collected from seven sampling sites and fishes were purchased on site from fishers. The analyses were performed using a graphite furnance atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metals levels in the sediment samples were ranked in the order of Mn > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. Similarly, the metal concentration in the fish muscles was Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd. The sediment bioaccumulation factor (<1) and water bioaccumulation factor (>1) for Cd, Pb and Cr indicated the lake water exhibited higher concentrations than the sediment. In parallel, the Cr biomagnification factor for zooplankton, catfish, Nile tilapia and common carp was 1.63, 1.18, 1.36 and 2.28, respectively. The Cr concentrations at the Modjo (or Mojo) Upstream, Modjo Downstream and Kentare sites, and the Pb concentrations at riverine sites were above the permissible limits established by the World Health Organization. Cr ranked as fish species > zooplankton > phytoplankton, being above the permissible limits in catfish, Nile tilapia and common carp. Generally, the weekly intake estimates were considerably lower than the tolerable human intake values provided by WHO and others. However, Cr biomagnified along the trophic levels ultimately reaching the top consumers, with Cr (VI) being carcinogenic. The lake is a major fishery source, indicating care must be taken in regard to the weekly intake of the fishes, particularly common carp.
New maximum size record, length–weight relationships and form factor of Hooghly Croaker Panna heterolepis Trewavas, 1977 from the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)
Authors: Sabbir Wasim , Hossain Md. Yeamin , Mawa Zannatul , Hasan Md. Rabiul , Rahman Md. Ataur , Islam Md. Akhtarul , Tanjin Sumaya , Rahman Ashekur , Sarker Biplob Kumer , Khan Md. Nuruzzaman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study analysed the length–weight relationships (LWRs) and form factor (a3.0) of Panna heterolepis Trewavas, 1977 from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. A total of 316 specimens were sampled during the pre‐monsoon (n = 96), monsoon (n = 116) and post‐monsoon (n = 104) season (March 2018–February 2019) using a Seine bag net. Individual total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were measured with a measuring board and digital weight balance, respectively. The TL vs. BW relationship indicated a negative allometric growth for P. heterolepis. The present study also provides LWR, a3.0 (0.0070) and a new maximum recorded size (29.50 cm TL and 24.50 cm SL) of P. heterolepis for the first time, data currently lacking in the FishBase online database. The results of the present study will be helpful for stock assessment and management of this fish in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh and neighbouring countries.
Length–weight relationships of four small indigenous freshwater fishes from the subtropical Ganga River, India
Authors: Alam Absar , Jha Dharm Nath , Verma Sushil Kumar , Verma Hari Om , Mishra Sandeep Kumar , Das Shyamal Chandra Sukla , Kumar Jeetendra , Thakur Venkatesh RamaRao , Gupta Monika , Das Basanta Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBasic information on length–weight relationships for a number of small indigenous tropical freshwater fish species is still sparse or not available on the FishBase. The present study reports the weight–length relationships of four species from the Ganga River in India. A total of 795 fresh fish specimens of Pethia gelius, Corica soborna, Parambassis baculis and Aborichthys elongatus were collected from four different locations along stretches of the Ganga River from June 2017 to August 2018. The r2 and b values for the four fish species ranged from 0.949 to 0.998 and 2.55 to 2.849, respectively. Length–weight relationships for P. gelius, P. baculis and A. elongatus represent the first information from the Ganga River. A new record for the maximum size of C. soborna was documented as 8.54 cm TL and 4.25 g.
Extra‐pair paternity in the wood‐feeding cockroachCryptocercus punctulatusScudder: Social but not genetic monogamy
Authors: Yaguchi Hajime , Kobayashi Itaru , Maekawa Kiyoto , Nalepa Christine A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubsocialCryptocercuscockroaches are the sister group to termites and considered to be socially monogamous. Because genetic monogamy is a suggested requirement for evolution of cooperative breeding/eusociality, particularly in hymenopterans, clarification of the mating biology ofCryptocercuswould help illuminate evolutionary trends in eusocial insects. To investigate possible extra‐pair paternity inC. punctulatus, microsatellite markers were used to analyse offspring parentage, the stored sperm in females and results of experimental manipulation of sperm competition. Extra‐pair paternity was common in field‐collected families, but a lack of maternal alleles in several nymphs suggests sampling error or adoption. Isolating prereproductive pairs and assaying subsequently produced nymphs confirmed that nymphs lacked alleles from the pair male in 40% of families, with extra‐pair male(s) siring 27%–77% of nymphs. Sperm of extra‐pair males was detected in the spermatheca of 51% of paired prereproductive females. Mate switching and surgical manipulation of male mating ability indicated a tendency towards last male sperm precedence. Overall, the results demonstrate that about half of young females are serially monogamous during their maturational year, but bond, overwinter and produce their only set of offspring in company of the last mated male (=pair male). Repeated mating by the pair male increases the number of nymphs sired, but because many females use stored sperm of previous copulatory partners to fertilize eggs, pair males extend parental care to unrelated nymphs. The results suggest that genetic monogamy either developed in the termite ancestor after splitting from theCryptocercuslineage, or that genetic monogamy may not be a strict prerequisite for the evolution of termite eusociality.
Mining RNA‐seq data reveals the massive regulon of GcvB small RNA and its physiological significance in maintaining amino acid homeostasis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Miyakoshi Masatoshi , Okayama Haruna , Lejars Maxence , Kanda Takeshi , Tanaka Yuki , Itaya Kaori , Okuno Miki , Itoh Takehiko , Iwai Noritaka , Wachi Masaaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacterial small RNAs regulate the expression of multiple genes through imperfect base‐pairing with target mRNAs mediated by RNA chaperone proteins such as Hfq. GcvB is the master sRNA regulator of amino acid metabolism and transport in a wide range of Gram‐negative bacteria. Recently, independent RNA‐seq approaches identified a plethora of transcripts interacting with GcvB in Escherichia coli. In this study, the compilation of RIL‐seq, CLASH, and MAPS data sets allowed us to identify GcvB targets with high accuracy. We validated 21 new GcvB targets repressed at the posttranscriptional level, raising the number of direct targets to >50 genes in E. coli. Among its multiple seed sequences, GcvB utilizes either R1 or R3 to regulate most of these targets. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both R1 and R3 seed sequences are required to fully repress the expression of gdhA, cstA, and sucC genes. In contrast, the ilvLXGMEDA polycistronic mRNA is targeted by GcvB through at least four individual binding sites in the mRNA. Finally, we revealed that GcvB is involved in the susceptibility of peptidase‐deficient E. coli strain (Δpeps) to Ala‐Gln dipeptide by regulating both Dpp dipeptide importer and YdeE dipeptide exporter via R1 and R3 seed sequences, respectively.
Monitoring malignant T‐cell clones by direct TCR expression assay in patients with leukemic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma during extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Ni Xiao , Maiti Sourindra , Redko Alissa , Bijani Pedram , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeAccurate assessment of malignant T‐cell clones in patients with leukemic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (L‐CTCL) is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring disease. Although multiple approaches to quantitate malignant T‐cell clones have been reported, a cost‐effective assay with broad coverage is not available. We report a NanoString‐nCounter‐Technology‐based direct TCR expression assay (DTEA) that was previously developed to quantify both TCR‐Vα and TCR‐Vβ usages after adoptive immunotherapy. This study was performed to test the effectiveness of DTEA in assessing malignant T‐cell clones in L‐CTCL patients.MethodsTotal RNAs extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients before starting extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) (n = 15) and during therapy at 3 months and 6 months (n = 12) were used for DTEA, with customized probes for 45 TCR‐Vα and 46 TCR‐Vβ family members.ResultsAt baseline, DTEA detected TCR‐Vβ clones in all 15 patients (100%) compared to flow cytometry that detected TCR‐Vβ clones in 9 of 13 patients (69.2%). In addition to predominant TCR‐Vβ clones, DTEA also detected additional TCR‐Vβ clones in 8 of 15 patients (53.3%). Furthermore, DTEA simultaneously identified clonal TCR‐Vα usages, which allowed us to pair TCR‐Vα and TCRVβ usages by malignant T‐cells and identify diversified clonotypes. Changes in the relative frequencies of clonal TCR‐Vβ and TCRVα usages over therapy were consistent with patients’ clinical responses.ConclusionsOur results indicate that DTEA can effectively assess malignant T‐cell clones by detecting clonal TCR‐Vα and TCR‐Vβ usages. By providing a global view of TCR repertoires, DTEA may also help us understand the origin(s) of malignant T‐cells and pathogenesis of CTCL.
Comparison of North/South- and East–West-Facing Solar Collector Pairs With or Without Reflectors
Authors: Rehman Naveed ur , Uzair Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the energy collection performance of north/south- and east–west-facing collector pairs, installed at optimized fixed and seasonally adjusted tilt angles, considering both portrait and landscape alignments, and setups with and without reflectors, were numerically compared with each other. For the purpose, a method based on a hybrid ray-tracing model was employed, as developed in this work. A case study, considering an installation site in Auckland (New Zealand), is presented. For this, the fixed and seasonally adjusted optimum tilt angles for the layouts were first obtained. Then, the yearly energy collection for the layouts was evaluated at fixed tilt angles. An hourly analysis was also performed to understand the behavior of these layouts in the morning, and at noon and evening. Then, the effects of seasonal adjustments were investigated for each layout. Finally, the layouts were ranked according to their performance. The north-facing landscape layout with reflectors showed the best performance, followed by its portrait alignment version. The east–west-facing portrait layout with reflectors ranked third. The east–west-facing layouts without reflectors were found to give the poorest performance.
Sport for Development and Transformative Social Change: The Potential of Margaret Archer’s Morphogenetic Approach to Reconceptualize a Long-Standing Problem
Authors: Lindsey Iain , Wiltshire Gareth 
Published: September 2021

Frequent calls for sport for development (SFD) to be reoriented toward transformative social change reflect the extent that policies and programs have instead focused on individualized forms of personal development. However, SFD research has yet to substantially address fundamental ontological assumptions and underlying conceptualizations of transformative social change. To addresses this gap, this article considers how Margaret Archer’s Morphogenetic Approach can help explain how transformative social change might occur through SFD activities. Three conceptual contributions are brought into focus: (a) assuming a realist social ontology; (b) making distinctions between structure, culture, and agency; and (c) identifying social change as happening across three temporal phases. The authors conclude by identifying potential benefits and implications of applying the Morphogenetic Approach to consider the potential for SFD to contribute to social change.
The nature and origin of cratons constrained by their surface geology
Authors: Şengör A.M. Celal , Lom Nalan , Polat Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCratons, defined by their resistance to deformation, are guardians of crustal and lithospheric material over billion-year time scales. Archean and Proterozoic rocks can be found in many places on earth, but not all of them represent cratonic areas. Some of these old terrains, inappropriately termed “cratons” by some, have been parts of mobile belts and have experienced widespread deformations in response to mantle-plume-generated thermal weakening, uplift and consequent extension and/or various plate boundary deformations well into the Phanerozoic.It is a common misconception that cratons consist only of metamorphosed crystalline rocks at their surface, as shown by the indiscriminate designation of them by many as “shields.” Our compilation shows that this conviction is not completely true. Some recent models argue that craton formation results from crustal thickening caused by shortening and subsequent removal of the upper crust by erosion. This process would expose a high-grade metamorphic crust at the surface, but greenschist-grade metamorphic rocks and even unmetamorphosed supracrustal sedimentary rocks are widespread on some cratonic surfaces today, showing that craton formation does not require total removal of the upper crust. Instead, the granulitization of the roots of arcs may have been responsible for weighing down the collided and thickened pieces and keeping their top surfaces usually near sea level.In this study, we review the nature and origin of cratons on four well-studied examples. The Superior Province (the Canadian Shield), the Barberton Mountain (Kaapvaal province, South Africa), and the Yilgarn province (Western Australia) show the diversity of rocks with different origin and metamorphic degree at their surface. These fairly extensive examples are chosen because they are typical. It would have been impractical to review the entire extant cratonic surfaces on earth today. We chose the inappropriately named North China “Craton” to discuss the requirements to be classified as a craton.
Rivers in reverse: Upstream-migrating dechannelization and flooding cause avulsions on fluvial fans
Authors: Edmonds Douglas A. , Martin Harrison K. , Valenza Jeffery M. , Henson Riley , Weissmann Gary S. , Miltenberger Keely , Mans Wade , Moore Jason R. , Slingerland Rudy L. , Gibling Martin R. , Bryk Alexander B. , Hajek Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe process of river avulsion builds floodplains and fills alluvial basins. We report on a new style of river avulsion identified in the Landsat satellite record. We found 69 examples of retrogradational avulsions on rivers of densely forested fluvial fans in the Andean and New Guinean alluvial basins. Retrogradational avulsions are initiated by a channel blockage, e.g., a logjam, that fills the channel with sediment and forces water overbank (dechannelization), which creates a chevron-shaped flooding pattern. Dechannelization waves travel upstream at a median rate of 387 m/yr and last on average for 13 yr; many rivers show multiple dechannelizing events on the same reach. Dechannelization ends and the avulsion is complete when the river finds a new flow path. We simulate upstream-migrating dechannelization with a one-dimensional morphodynamic model for open channel flow. Observations are consistent with model results and show that channel blockages can cause dechannelization on steep (10−2 to 10−3), low-discharge (~101 m3 s−1) rivers. This illustrates a new style of floodplain sedimentation that is unaccounted for in ecologic and stratigraphic models.
Changes in the Ratio of Rheoreaction Types during Fish Starvation
Authors: Pavlov D. S. , Kostin V. V. , Parshina V. U. , Pavlov E. D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Changes in the motivational component of rheoreaction (the ratio of rheoreaction types) during starvation in some fish species has been analyzed. The presence of fish motivation to migrate (before starvation) is the major pattern of the future changes in the motivational component of rheoreaction resulting from starvation. All fish of the families Cyprinidae and Salmonidae studied with initially behavior as resident individuals show the same type of response to starvation. Their preference for currentwise movement increases on the 2nd–5th days of starvation, then the preference for movement against the current increases on the 7th–12th days, and the ratio of rheoreaction types approaches the initial one. Juveniles of the Black Sea salmon (Salmo trutta labrax) with a motivation to downstream migration, represent a different response to starvation: the downstream movement of individuals monotonically increased from two days after starvation.