bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of inflammatory markers in eosinophilic cells of the immune system: fluorescence, Raman and CARS imaging can recognize markers but differently
Authors: Borek-Dorosz Aleksandra , Grosicki Marek , Dybas Jakub , Matuszyk Ewelina , Rodewald Marko , Meyer-Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Popp Juergen , Malek Kamilla , Baranska Malgorzata 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEosinophils (Eos) play an important role in the immune system’s response releasing several inflammatory factors and contributing to allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis. Since Eos have a relatively short lifetime after isolation from blood, usually eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1) is used to study mechanisms of their activation and to test therapies. In particular, EoL-1 cells are examined in terms of signalling pathways of the inflammatory response manifested by the presence of lipid bodies (LBs). Here we examined the differences in response to inflammation modelled by various factors, between isolated human eosinophils and EoL-1 cells, as manifested in the number and chemical composition of LBs. The analysis was performed using fluorescence, Raman, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which recognised the inflammatory process in the cells, but it is manifested slightly differently depending on the method used.We showed that unstimulated EoL-1 cells, compared to isolated eosinophils, contained more LBs, displayed different nucleus morphology and did not have eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO). In EoL-1 cells stimulated with various proinflammatory agents, including butyric acid (BA), liposaccharide (LPS), or cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), an increased production of LBs with a various degree of lipid unsaturation was observed in spontaneous Raman spectra. Furthermore, stimulation of EoL-1 cells resulted in alterations of the LBs morphology. In conclusion, a level of lipid unsaturation and eosinophilic peroxidase as well as LBs distribution among cell population mainly accounted for the biochemistry of eosinophils upon inflammation.
Rechtsmedizinische Modelle der Versorgung von gewaltbetroffenen Personen in Deutschland
Authors: Walz Cleo , Wilke-Schalhorst Nadine , Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Germerott Tanja 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland bestehen keine einheitlichen Strukturen für die Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen. Aktuellen politischen Bestrebungen zufolge soll eine Beweissicherung auch ohne Strafanzeige flächendeckend in Deutschland ermöglicht werden. Die Rechtsmedizin verfügt über die notwendige Expertise, um eine gerichtsverwertbare Befunderhebung niederschwellig durchzuführen und den Aufbau eines solchen Angebotes zu begleiten.

Material und Methoden
Durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Klinische Rechtsmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin erfolgte eine Umfrage an rechtsmedizinischen Instituten in Deutschland zu aktuellen Modellen der Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen. Ausgewertet wurden Angaben zur Projektstruktur, zum Leistungsangebot und zum Versorgungsgebiet, zur Finanzierung sowie zu Vor- und Nachteilen der Projekte.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 16 Projekte aus 14 Bundesländern rückgemeldet, die körperliche Untersuchungen an eigenen und peripheren Standorten, Beratungen, Lagerungen von Asservaten sowie Fortbildungen beinhalten. In etwa der Hälfte der Projekte haben die rechtsmedizinischen Institute zusätzlich koordinierende Funktion, wobei Kooperationspartner die Untersuchungen durchführen. Der Großteil der Projekte wird über öffentliche Mittel finanziert; in 7 Projekten müssen zusätzlich eigene oder sonstige Mittel aufgebracht werden. Elf Projekte sind befristet oder Modellprojekte.

Diskussion
Rechtsmedizinische Institute verfügen über die notwendige Expertise und bieten ein umfassendes niederschwelliges Angebot für Gewaltbetroffene. Die Finanzierungsmodelle sind heterogen, häufig befristet und nicht auskömmlich. Um die politisch geforderte, flächendeckende Versorgung zu etablieren, sind eine bundesweite Einbeziehung der Rechtsmedizin und auskömmliche Finanzierung dringend notwendig.
„An manchen Tagen ein Drahtseilakt“
Authors: van Staa Juliane , Renner Ilona 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine gelingende Unterstützung von Familien mit einem psychisch erkrankten Elternteil bedarf eines vertieften Verständnisses darüber, wie eine psychische Erkrankung die Ausübung der Elternrolle beeinflussen kann. Hierfür werden diese Familien aus zwei Perspektiven betrachtet: aus der Perspektive von psychisch erkrankten Müttern und aus der Perspektive von Kinderärztinnen und -ärzten.

Datengrundlage
Datenbasis für die Müttersicht ist die „Erreichbarkeitsstudie“ des Nationalen Zentrums Frühe Hilfen (NZFH), die 123 Tiefeninterviews mit Müttern zum Familienalltag und zu Unterstützungsbedarfen umfasst. Für die Ärztesicht werden Daten aus dem „ZuFa-Monitoring“ des NZFH ausgewertet, in der bundesweit repräsentativ 815 niedergelassene Kinderärztinnen und -ärzte zur Versorgung psychosozial belasteter Familien befragt wurden.

Ergebnisse
Eltern mit Anzeichen einer psychischen Erkrankung zeigen übereinstimmend aus Mütter- und Ärztesicht erhöhte elterliche Belastungen und Einschränkungen in den Bereichen Elternkompetenzen, Wahrnehmung der kindlichen Bedürfnisse und Impulsivität, die sich nachteilig auf die kindliche Entwicklung auswirken können.

Schlussfolgerung
Aus den Erkenntnissen werden Implikationen für die Praxis abgeleitet. Das Wissen um spezifische elterliche Belastungen kann von Fachkräften Früher Hilfen genutzt werden, um psychisch erkrankte Eltern passgenau bei der Ausübung ihrer Elternrolle zu unterstützen. In der psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen Praxis kann das Wissen helfen, betroffene Eltern zur Annahme geeigneter familienunterstützender Angebote zu motivieren.
Screening zur frühen Identifizierung des psychosozialen Unterstützungsbedarfs bei Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern
Authors: Holl-Etten Anna Katharina , Bentz Lea , Calvano Claudia , Winter Sibylle M. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für eigene psychische Belastungen, das durch das Erleben von Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung nochmals erhöht wird.Ziel der ArbeitZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Entwicklung und erste Pilotierung spezifischer Screenings vorzustellen, die es ermöglichen, einen evtl. Unterstützungsbedarf bei Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern frühzeitig zu identifizieren.Material und MethodenEs wurden 2 Screeningverfahren für Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern entwickelt. Im Elternfragebogen des „Kinderscreenings“ werden psychische Auffälligkeiten der Kinder und Jugendlichen (6 bis 18 Jahre) sowie Ressourcen in Kurzform erfasst (psychische Auffälligkeiten: 26 Items, bestehende Ressourcen: 4 Items). Im „Familienscreening“ werden ebenfalls im Selbstbericht der Eltern familiäre Risiko- und Belastungsfaktoren (8 Items) sowie Hinweise auf Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung in der Familie (9 Items) erfragt.ErgebnisseBeide Screenings sind mithilfe eines Ampelsystems leicht auszuwerten. Psychiatrisch Behandelnde erhalten eine erste Einschätzung und konkrete Hinweise zum aktuellen psychosozialen Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsbedarf der gesamten Familie und besonders der Kinder. Sie können in der Folge weitere Schritte zur integrierten Versorgung der Familie einleiten.SchlussfolgerungDas Kinder- und das Familienscreening sind zeitökonomische, gut verständliche Screenings zur Identifizierung des Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsbedarfs der Familie. Im weiteren Verlauf ist geplant, die Screenings nach abschließender Validierung systematisch in der psychiatrischen Versorgung erkrankter Erwachsener einzusetzen. Somit kann den weitreichenden negativen Folgen für diese Kinder vorgebeugt werden.
Visualization of bone details in a novel photon-counting dual-source CT scanner—comparison with energy-integrating CT
Authors: Bette Stefanie J. , Braun Franziska M. , Haerting Mark , Decker Josua A. , Luitjens Jan H. , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J. , Schwarz Florian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) promises a leap in spatial resolution due to smaller detector pixel sizes than implemented in energy-integrating detector CTs (EID-CT). Our objective was to compare the visualization of smallest bone details between PCD-CT and EID-CT using a mouse as a specimen.

Materials and methods
Two euthanized mice were scanned at a 20-slice EID-CT and a dual-source PCD-CT in single-pixel mode at various CTDIVol values. Image noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were evaluated using repeated ROI measurements. Edge sharpness of bones was compared by the maximal slope within CT value plots along sampling lines intersecting predefined bones of the spine. Two readers evaluated bone detail visualization at four regions of the spine on a three-point Likert scale at various CTDIVol’s. Two radiologists selected the series with better detail visualization among each of 20 SNR-matched pairs of EID-CT and PCD-CT series.

Results
In CTDIVol-matched scans, PCD-CT series showed significantly lower image noise (NoiseCTDI=5 mGy: 16.27 ± 1.39 vs. 23.46 ± 0.96 HU, p < 0.01), higher SNR (SNRCTDI=5 mGy: 20.57 ± 1.89 vs. 14.00 ± 0.66, p < 0.01), and higher edge sharpness (Edge Slopelumbar spine: 981 ± 160 vs. 608 ± 146 HU/mm, p < 0.01) than EID-CT series. Two radiologists considered the delineation of bone details as feasible at consistently lower CTDIVol values at PCD-CT than at EID-CT. In comparison of SNR-matched reconstructions, PCD-CT series were still considered superior in almost all cases.

Conclusions
In this head-to-head comparison, PCD-CT showed superior objective and subjective image quality characteristics over EID-CT for the delineation of tiniest bone details. Even in SNR-matched pairs (acquired at different CTDIVol’s), PCD-CT was strongly preferred by radiologists.

Key Points
• In dose-matched scans, photon-counting detector CT series showed significantly less image noise, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and higher edge sharpness than energy-integrating detector CT series.
• Human observers considered the delineation of tiny bone details as feasible at much lower dose levels in photon-counting detector CT than in energy-integrating detector CT.
• In direct comparison of series matched for signal-to-noise ratio, photon-counting detector CT series were considered superior in almost all cases.
In situ measurement of wave attractor induced forces
Authors: van Oers Alexander M. , Maas Leo R. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An underwater force sensor for internal waves is presented. Using this sensor, we measure forces at a location near the surface of a fluid. The sensor performs a point measurement with a high temporal resolution. We perform measurements in a density-stratified fluid contained in a trapezoidal basin. By shaking this basin longitudinally, internal gravity waves are generated. Controlling the frequency with which the basin oscillates, these waves propagate toward a wave attractor whose shape varies from complicated to rectangular. We measure the force exerted by these waves on a plate that is partially submerged into the fluid. We observe the formation and decay of wave attractors. When a surface reflection of a wave attractor is near our sensor we measure (relatively) strong forces. We confirm our findings with simulations. We observe an asymmetry in the direction of the force. This asymmetry leads to a net force and could imply the driving of a mean flow.

Graphical Abstract
Unsteady forcing of turbulence by a randomly actuated impeller array
Authors: Lawson John M. , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the unsteady forcing of turbulent flow in a well-stirred reactor using opposing arrays of pitched-blade impellers which randomly and independently reverse rotation. We systematically explore the dependence of the large-scale motions and the homogeneity and isotropy of the turbulence upon the forcing. We identify three dimensionless control parameters: the source fraction (the fraction of time spent in clockwise motion), the dimensionless forcing period and an impeller Reynolds number. We find the timescale of unsteady motion corresponds to the forcing period T, the average period of impeller reversal, independently of the impeller angular speed $$\varOmega$$
Ω
and source fraction. As in jet-stirred tanks, unsteady forcing substantially increases the unsteady kinetic energy, energy dissipation, integral length scale and Taylor microscale Reynolds number ($$R_\lambda$$

R
λ

) and improves the homogeneity and isotropy of the flow, provided the source fraction is chosen optimally and the forcing period is sufficiently large ($$\varOmega T > 10^3$$

Ω
T
>

10
3

); impeller Reynolds number has a relatively small influence. The forcing period must be matched to angular speed: decreasing the forcing period below this threshold results in a less intense, more inhomogeneous turbulent flow. Spectra of two-point velocity increments demonstrate that unsteady energy injection is dominated by axial shear generated across impellers and becomes less prominent at smaller scales. However, even at $$R_\lambda \approx 354$$

R
λ

≈
354

, the signature of this unsteady forcing can still be detected in near-dissipation-range statistics. These observations provide insight into optimisation of forcing and the mechanism of energy transfer when using unsteady forcing to generate turbulence in confined vessels.
Graphical abstract
Students’ age and parental level of education influence COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy
Authors: Zychlinsky Scharff Anna , Paulsen Mira , Schaefer Paula , Tanisik Fatma , Sugianto Rizky Indrameikha , Stanislawski Nils , Blume Holger , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Heiden Stefanie , Stiesch Meike , Melk Anette 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWidespread vaccination in pursuit of herd immunity has been recognized as the most promising approach to ending the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The vaccination of children and adolescents has been extensively debated and the first COVID-19 vaccine is now approved in European countries for children aged > 12 years of age. Our study investigates vaccination hesitancy in a cohort of German secondary school students. We assessed 903 students between age 9 and 20 in the period between 17 May 2021 and 30 June 2021. 68.3% (n = 617) reported intention to undergo COVID-19 vaccination, while 7% (n = 62) did not want to receive the vaccine and 15% (n = 135) were not yet certain. Age and parental level of education influenced COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Children under the age of 16 as well as students whose parents had lower education levels showed significantly higher vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Identifying subsets with higher vaccination hesitancy is important for targeting public information campaigns in support of immunization.

What is Known:• The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among adults in Europe is about 70%, but data for children and adolescents is lacking.• The lack of immunization in younger cohorts represents a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity, and also leaves children and adolescents vulnerable to acute and long-term morbidity from natural COVID-19 infections.

What is New:• Intention-to-vaccinate among children and adolescents is high (~ 70%); conversely, vaccination hesitancy is low.• Age and parental level of education influenced COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among children and adolescents.
Prognosis in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury in a Swedish cohort and external validation of the IMPACT models
Authors: Rostami Elham , Gustafsson David , Hånell Anders , Howells Timothy , Lenell Samuel , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
A major challenge in management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is to assess the heterogeneity of TBI pathology and outcome prediction. A reliable outcome prediction would have both great value for the healthcare provider, but also for the patients and their relatives. A well-known prediction model is the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) prognostic calculator. The aim of this study was to externally validate all three modules of the IMPACT calculator on TBI patients admitted to Uppsala University hospital (UUH).

Method
TBI patients admitted to UUH are continuously enrolled into the Uppsala neurointensive care unit (NICU) TBI Uppsala Clinical Research (UCR) quality register. The register contains both clinical and demographic data, radiological evaluations, and outcome assessments based on the extended Glasgow outcome scale extended (GOSE) performed at 6 months to 1 year. In this study, we included 635 patients with severe TBI admitted during 2008–2020. We used IMPACT core parameters: age, motor score, and pupillary reaction.

Results
The patients had a median age of 56 (range 18–93), 142 female and 478 male. Using the IMPACT Core model to predict outcome resulted in an AUC of 0.85 for mortality and 0.79 for unfavorable outcome. The CT module did not increase AUC for mortality and slightly decreased AUC for unfavorable outcome to 0.78. However, the lab module increased AUC for mortality to 0.89 but slightly decreased for unfavorable outcome to 0.76. Comparing the predicted risk to actual outcomes, we found that all three models correctly predicted low risk of mortality in the surviving group of GOSE 2–8. However, it produced a greater variance of predicted risk in the GOSE 1 group, denoting general underprediction of risk. Regarding unfavorable outcome, all models once again underestimated the risk in the GOSE 3–4 groups, but correctly predicts low risk in GOSE 5–8.

Conclusions
The results of our study are in line with previous findings from centers with modern TBI care using the IMPACT model, in that the model provides adequate prediction for mortality and unfavorable outcome. However, it should be noted that the prediction is limited to 6 months outcome and not longer time interval.
The absence of association between anorexia nervosa and smoking: converging evidence across two studies
Authors: Lloyd E. Caitlin , Reed Zoe E. , Wootton Robyn E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have found increased smoking prevalence amongst adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to the general population. The current investigation explored bidirectional associations between AN and smoking behaviour (initiation and heaviness), to address questions surrounding causation. In Study One, logistic regression models with variance robust standard errors assessed longitudinal associations between AN and smoking, using data from adolescent participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 5100). In Study Two, two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) tested possible causal effects using summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Study One provided no clear evidence for a predictive effect of AN on subsequent smoking behaviour, or for smoking heaviness/initiation predicting later AN. MR findings did not support causal effects between AN and smoking behaviour, in either direction. Findings do not support predictive or causal effects between AN and smoking behaviour. Previously reported associations may have been vulnerable to confounding, highlighting the possibility of smoking and AN sharing causal risk factors.
Ageing-related markers and risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort
Authors: Srour Bernard , Kaaks Rudolf , Johnson Theron , Hynes Lucas Cory , Kühn Tilman , Katzke Verena A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiological age is an important risk factor for chronic diseases. We examined the associations between five markers of unhealthy ageing; Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and cystatin-C; with risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used a case-cohort design embedded in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort, including a subcohort of 3792 participants along with 4867 incident cases of cancer and CVD. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed and the strongest associations were used to build weighted multi-marker combinations, and their associations with cancer and CVD risks were tested. After adjusting for common confounders, we observed direct associations of GDF-15 with lung cancer risk, NT-proBNP with breast, prostate and colorectal cancers, HbA1C with lung, colorectal, and breast cancer risks, and CRP with lung and colorectal cancer risks. An inverse association was observed for GDF-15 and prostate cancer risk. We also found direct associations of all 5 markers with myocardial infarction (MI) risk, and of GDF-15, NT-proBNP, CRP and cystatin-C with stroke risk. A combination of the independently-associated markers showed a moderately strong association with the risks of cancer and CVD (HRQ4-Q1ranged from 1.78[1.36, 2.34] for breast cancer, when combining NT-proBNP and HbA1C, to 2.87[2.15, 3.83] for MI when combining NT-proBNP, HbA1C, CRP and cystatin-C). This analysis suggests that combinations of biomarkers related to unhealthy ageing show strong associations with cancer risk, and corroborates published evidence on CVD risk. If confirmed in other studies, using these biomarkers could be useful for the identification of individuals at higher risk of age-related diseases.
Real-time user clickstream behavior analysis based on apache storm streaming
Authors: Pal Gautam , Atkinson Katie , Li Gangmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to analyzing consumers’ e-commerce site usage and browsing motifs through pattern mining and surfing behavior. User-generated clickstream is first stored in a client site browser. We build an ingestion pipeline to capture the high-velocity data stream from a client-side browser through Apache Storm, Kafka, and Cassandra. Given the consumer’s usage pattern, we uncover the user’s browsing intent throughn-gramsandCollocationmethods. An innovative clustering technique is constructed through the Expectation-Maximization algorithm with Gaussian Mixture Model. We discuss a framework for predicting a user’s clicks based on the past click sequences throughhigher order Markov Chains. We developed our model on top of a big data Lambda Architecture which combines high throughput Hadoop batch setup with low latency real-time framework over a large distributed cluster. Based on this approach, we developed an experimental setup for an optimized Storm topology and enhanced Cassandra database latency to achieve real-time responses. The theoretical claims are corroborated with several evaluations in Microsoft Azure HDInsight Apache Storm deployment and in the Datastax distribution of Cassandra. The paper demonstrates that the proposed techniques help user experience optimization, building recently viewed products list, market-driven analyses, and allocation of website resources.
Gamma rhythms in the visual cortex: functions and mechanisms
Authors: Han Chuanliang , Shapley Robert , Xing Dajun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGamma-band activity, peaking around 30–100 Hz in the local field potential's power spectrum, has been found and intensively studied in many brain regions. Although gamma is thought to play a critical role in processing neural information in the brain, its cognitive functions and neural mechanisms remain unclear or debatable. Experimental studies showed that gamma rhythms are stochastic in time and vary with visual stimuli. Recent studies further showed that multiple rhythms coexist in V1 with distinct origins in different species. While all these experimental facts are a challenge for understanding the functions of gamma in the visual cortex, there are many signs of progress in computational studies. This review summarizes and discusses studies on gamma in the visual cortex from multiple perspectives and concludes that gamma rhythms are still a mystery. Combining experimental and computational studies seems the best way forward in the future.