bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EU Queries: A Form of Extra-Judicial Preliminary Reference in the Field of Maladministration?
Authors: Athanasiadou Natassa , Vogiatzis Nikos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis Article represents the first comprehensive study of the EU query process, a form of flexible extra-judicial cooperation between the European Ombudsman and the national ombud offices on the interpretation and application of EU law across member states. The way this cooperation is constructed brings imminently to mind the preliminary reference procedure: A national office submits a query within the scope of EU law to the European Ombudsman who, after consultation with the Commission—in the vast majority of cases—provides a reply. Upon closer examination, however, this Article illustrates key differences between the two procedures, while pointing out the added value of the EU query procedure compared to the preliminary reference. More specifically, while the interpretation that is provided is not authoritative or legally binding (among other differences), thanks to the flexibility of this instrument, interpretative guidance is provided at an early stage in case a problem in the interpretation and application of EU law arises, and thus litigation may be avoided. Furthermore, the EU query procedure serves as a reliable source of information for both the European and the national sides. However, this Article also identifies a number of challenges in relation to the transparency of the scheme, its effective functioning, as well as its interplay with other instruments, such as the infringement procedure.
Musculoskeletal system disorders and kinesiophobia in type 2 diabetes: A case–control study
Authors: Okur Ismail , Taspinar Betul , Kilit Turkan P. , Okur Eda O. , Taspinar Ferruh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the relationship between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and musculoskeletal system disorders and kinesiophobia levels. Eighty-four participants (41 diabetics and 43 nondiabetic individuals) self-reported their musculoskeletal problems and levels of kinesiophobia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, nonparametric Pearson’s Chi-Square testing, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results indicated the total Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire score was 190.55 ± 261.56 for the patients with T2DM and 98.11 ± 167.31 for the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale scores were higher for the T2DM group (p < 0.05). We conclude from these findings that T2DM is associated with a higher frequency of musculoskeletal system disorders and higher levels of kinesiophobia.
Anticipating the monsoon: the necessity and impossibility of the seasonal weather forecast for South Asia, 1886–1953
Authors: Carson Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the most controversial of the activities of the India Meteorological Department (IMD): long-term seasonal forecasting for the South Asian subcontinent. Under the pressure of recurrent famines, in 1886 the imperial IMD commenced annual issue of monsoon predictions several months in advance, focused on one variable: rainfall. This state service was new to global late nineteenth-century meteorology, attempted first and most rigorously in India. Successive IMD leaders adapted the forecast in light of scientific and infrastructural developments, continuously revising the underlying methods of its production. All methods failed to achieve accurate prevision. Nevertheless, the imperatives of economic administration, empire and public demand compelled IMD scientists to continue annual publication of this unreliable product. This article contends that the seasonal forecast is best understood as an enduring ritual of good governance in a monsoonal environment. Through analysis of newspaper controversies, it suggests that although the seasonal forecast was the most compelling justification for the IMD's imperial and global importance, its limitations undercut popular trust in modern meteorology. Finally, this case illustrates the centrality of ‘tropical meteorology’ to the historical development of modern atmospheric science.
Associations between different measurements of sarcopenic obesity and health outcomes among non-frail community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan
Authors: Peng Tao-Chun , Chen Wei-Liang , Chen Yuan-Yuei , Chao Yuan-Ping , Wu Li-Wei , Kao Tung-Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe most important issue for the clinical application of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is the lack of a consensus definition. The aim of the present study was to determine the best measurement for SO by estimating the association between various definitions and the risk of falls and metabolic syndrome (MS). We studied a community of 765 adults aged 65 years and older in 2015–2017. Sarcopenia obesity was measured by sarcopenia (defined by low muscle mass with either low handgrip strength or low gait speed or both) plus obesity (defined by waist circumference, body fat percentage and BMI). The MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the relationships between sarcopenia obesity and risk of fall and MS. In the analysis of the fall risk with SO defined by waist circumference, the participants with non-sarcopenia/non-obesity were treated as the reference group. The OR to fall in participants with SO was 10·16 (95 % CI 2·71, 38·13) after adjusting for confounding covariates. In the analysis of the risk of the MS between participants with individual components of sarcopenia coupled with obesity defined by waist circumference, the risk was statistically significant for low gait speed (OR: 7·19; 95 % CI 3·61, 14·30) and low grip strength (OR: 9·19; 95 % CI 5·00, 16·91). A combination of low grip strength and abdominal obesity for identifying SO may be a more precise and practical method for predicting target populations with unfavourable health risks, such as falls risk and MS.
Two theorems on balanced braces
Authors: Rump Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo theorems of Gateva-Ivanova [Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, braces and symmetric groups, Adv. Math. 338 (2018), 649–701] on square-free set-theoretic solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation are extended to a wide class of solutions. The square-free hypothesis is almost completely removed. Gateva-Ivanova and Majid's ‘cyclic’ condition ${\boldsymbol {\rm lri}}$ is shown to be equivalent to balancedness, introduced in Rump [A decomposition theorem for square-free unitary solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, Adv. Math. 193 (2005), 40–55]. Basic results on balanced solutions are established. For example, it is proved that every finite, not necessarily square-free, balanced brace determines a multipermutation solution.
A comparison of self-reported risk and protective factors and the death implicit association test in the prediction of future suicide attempts in adolescent emergency department patients
Authors: Brent D. A. , Grupp-Phelan J. , O'Shea B. A. , Patel S. J. , Mahabee-Gittens E. M. , Rogers A. , Duffy S. J. , Shenoi R. P. , Chernick L. S. , Casper T. C. , Webb M. W. , Nock M. K. , King C. A. ,   for Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcerns have been raised about the utility of self-report assessments in predicting future suicide attempts. Clinicians in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) often are required to assess suicidal risk. The Death Implicit Association Test (IAT) is an alternative to self-report assessment of suicidal risk that may have utility in ED settings.MethodsA total of 1679 adolescents recruited from 13 pediatric emergency rooms in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network were assessed using a self-report survey of risk and protective factors for a suicide attempt, and the IAT, and then followed up 3 months later to determine if an attempt had occurred. The accuracy of prediction was compared between self-reports and the IAT using the area under the curve (AUC) with respect to receiver operator characteristics.ResultsA few self-report variables, namely, current and past suicide ideation, past suicidal behavior, total negative life events, and school or social connectedness, predicted an attempt at 3 months with an AUC of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–0.90] in the entire sample, and AUC = 0.91, (95% CI 0.85–0.95) for those who presented without reported suicidal ideation. The IAT did not add significantly to the predictive power of selected self-report variables. The IAT alone was modestly predictive of 3-month attempts in the overall sample ((AUC = 0.59, 95% CI 0.52–0.65) and was a better predictor in patients who were non-suicidal at baseline (AUC = 0.67, 95% CI 0.55–0.79).ConclusionsIn pediatric EDs, a small set of self-reported items predicted suicide attempts within 3 months more accurately than did the IAT.
Perinatal and early-life factors associated with stable and unstable trajectories of psychopathic traits across childhood
Authors: Bégin Vincent , Fontaine Nathalie M.G. , Vitaro Frank , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify perinatal and early-life factors associated with trajectories of psychopathic traits across childhood.MethodsParticipants were 1631 children (51.5% girls) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. A wide range of perinatal and early-life factors were assessed from pregnancy to age 2.5 years using medical files and mothers’ reports. Psychopathic traits were assessed via teachers’ reports at ages 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 years. Latent class growth analyses and multinomial logistic regressions controlling for child sex were conducted. Two-way interaction effects between perinatal/early-life factors and child sex were explored.ResultsFour trajectories of psychopathic traits were identified: High-stable (4.48%), Increasing (8.77%), Decreasing (11.46%), and Low-stable (75.29%). A few perinatal factors and most child-level and family-level early-life factors significantly increased the odds of following the High-stablev.the Low-stable trajectory. Higher levels of psychotropic exposures during pregnancy, socioeconomic adversity, child's physical aggression, child's opposition, mother's depressive symptoms, and hostile parenting increased the likelihood of following the Increasing instead of the Low-stable trajectory. Higher socioeconomic adversity, mother's depressive symptoms, and inconsistent parenting were associated with membership to the High-stable instead of the Decreasing trajectory. Most associations were not moderated by child sex.ConclusionsThese results shed light on the perinatal and early-life factors that are associated with specific pathways of psychopathic traits during childhood and suggest that different factors could be targeted to prevent the exacerbation (v.low and stable levels) or the stability at high levels (v.attenuation) of these traits.
Profiling Social Cognition in Premanifest Huntington's Disease
Authors: Turner Kate , Bartlett Danielle , Grainger Sarah A. , Eddy Clare , Reyes Alvaro , Kordsachia Catarina , Turner Mitchell , Stout Julie C. , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie , Henry Julie D. , Ziman Mel , Cruickshank Travis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Discrepancies exist in reports of social cognition deficits in individuals with premanifest Huntington’s disease (HD); however, the reason for this variability has not been investigated. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate group- and individual-level social cognitive performance and (2) examine intra-individual variability (dispersion) across social cognitive domains in individuals with premanifest HD.Method:Theory of mind (ToM), social perception, empathy, and social connectedness were evaluated in 35 individuals with premanifest HD and 29 healthy controls. Cut-off values beneath the median and 1.5 × the interquartile range below the 25th percentile (P25 – 1.5 × IQR) of healthy controls for each variable were established for a profiling method. Dispersion between social cognitive domains was also calculated.Results:Compared to healthy controls, individuals with premanifest HD performed worse on all social cognitive domains except empathy. Application of the profiling method revealed a large proportion of people with premanifest HD fell below healthy control median values across ToM (>80%), social perception (>57%), empathy (>54%), and social behaviour (>40%), with a percentage of these individuals displaying more pronounced impairments in empathy (20%) and ToM (22%). Social cognition dispersion did not differ between groups. No significant correlations were found between social cognitive domains and mood, sleep, and neurocognitive outcomes.Conclusions:Significant group-level social cognition deficits were observed in the premanifest HD cohort. However, our profiling method showed that only a small percentage of these individuals experienced marked difficulties in social cognition, indicating the importance of individual-level assessments, particularly regarding future personalised treatments.
Perspectives on organic transition from transitioning farmers and farmers who decided not to transition
Authors: Stephenson Garry , Gwin Lauren , Schreiner Chris , Brown Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite continuous growth in demand for organic food and farm products, US domestic supply is not keeping pace. Increasing domestic supply requires, in part, that more farms transition to certified organic production. This in turn requires a better understanding of the transition process. This paper reports on a national survey of farmers transitioning to organic certification through participation in the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Environmental Quality Incentives Program Organic Initiative (EQIP-OI). Our analysis focuses on what motivates farmers to undertake transition to organic certification and what obstacles they confront in the process. The survey population included farmers in the midst of the transition process and farmers who began transition but decided not to pursue organic farming, allowing us to compare both groups to farmers who successfully transitioned to certified organic. Because farmers do not control all of the factors that influence their success, we use a ‘spheres of influence’ framework to analyze obstacles at four levels: the farm, local and regional infrastructure, the marketplace and policy. Our results improve our understanding of the transition process and apply to a wide range of stakeholders and service providers who support farmers in different ways, through crop research, infrastructure development, market development and policy.
WRF Gray‐Zone Simulations of Precipitation Over the Middle‐East and the UAE: Impacts of Physical Parameterizations and Resolution
Authors: Taraphdar Sourav , Pauluis Olivier M. , Xue Lulin , Liu Changhai , Rasmussen Roy , Ajayamohan R. S. , Tessendorf Sarah , Jing Xiaoqin , Chen Sisi , Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral single‐year‐long (2017) simulations with different configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Middle‐East at the convective gray‐zone resolution (9 km) are evaluated in their ability to capture the temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation. Annual rainfall over the Middle‐East is dominated by wintertime precipitation and is mostly initiated by the frontal systems intrusion. WRF at 9 km resolution shows good skill in capturing the synoptic and meso‐scale precipitation distributions. The aerosol‐aware Thompson microphysics scheme outperforms the WRF double moment 6 class microphysics by about 20% in annual mean precipitation over the Middle‐East. Different Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) physics leads to large differences in the annual rainfall over both the Middle‐East (about 30%) and the UAE (about 45%). The Quasi‐Normal Scale Elimination (QNSE) PBL scheme produces stronger precipitation than the Asymmetrical Convective Model and is in better agreement with observations. This difference is attributed to the former scheme producing a warmer and moister lower‐level atmosphere that builds more substantial instability. Regions of stronger instability also depict decreases in lifting condensation level heights and increases in boundary layer height, suggesting that the boundary layer reaching the cloud base helps to trigger the convection and increase precipitation. Refinement in grid spacing (5 km) marginally improves the summertime precipitation over the Middle‐East but significantly increases the computational cost. Current study also indicates that gray‐zone simulations can perform as good as convection‐permitting simulations by carefully choosing the right model physics packages for the synoptic and meso‐scale precipitation.
Mutational mechanisms shaping the coding and noncoding genome of germinal center derived B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Hübschmann Daniel , Kleinheinz Kortine , Wagener Rabea , Bernhart Stephan H. , López Cristina , Toprak Umut H. , Sungalee Stephanie , Ishaque Naveed , Kretzmer Helene , Kreuz Markus , Waszak Sebastian M. , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Ammerpohl Ole , Aukema Sietse M. , Beekman Renée , Bergmann Anke K. , Bieg Matthias , Binder Hans , Borkhardt Arndt , Borst Christoph , Brors Benedikt , Bruns Philipp , Carrillo de Santa Pau Enrique , Claviez Alexander , Doose Gero , Haake Andrea , Karsch Dennis , Haas Siegfried , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Hoell Jessica I. , Hovestadt Volker , Huang Bingding , Hummel Michael , Jäger-Schmidt Christina , Kerssemakers Jules N. A. , Korbel Jan O. , Kube Dieter , Lawerenz Chris , Lenze Dido , Martens Joost H. A. , Ott German , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Reisinger Eva , Richter Julia , Rico Daniel , Rosenstiel Philip , Rosenwald Andreas , Schillhabel Markus , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Stadler Peter F. , Martín-Subero José I. , Szczepanowski Monika , Warsow Gregor , Weniger Marc A. , Zapatka Marc , Valencia Alfonso , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Lichter Peter , Möller Peter , Loeffler Markus , Eils Roland , Klapper Wolfram , Hoffmann Steve , Trümper Lorenz ,   ICGC MMML-Seq consortium,   ICGC DE-Mining consortium,   BLUEPRINT consortium, Küppers Ralf , Schlesner Matthias , Siebert Reiner 
Published: May 2021

AbstractB cells have the unique property to somatically alter their immunoglobulin (IG) genes by V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR). Aberrant targeting of these mechanisms is implicated in lymphomagenesis, but the mutational processes are poorly understood. By performing whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of 181 germinal center derived B-cell lymphomas (gcBCL) we identified distinct mutational signatures linked to SHM and CSR. We show that not only SHM, but presumably also CSR causes off-target mutations in non-IG genes. Kataegis clusters with high mutational density mainly affected early replicating regions and were enriched for SHM- and CSR-mediated off-target mutations. Moreover, they often co-occurred in loci physically interacting in the nucleus, suggesting that mutation hotspots promote increased mutation targeting of spatially co-localized loci (termed hypermutation by proxy). Only around 1% of somatic small variants were in protein coding sequences, but in about half of the driver genes, a contribution of B-cell specific mutational processes to their mutations was found. The B-cell-specific mutational processes contribute to both lymphoma initiation and intratumoral heterogeneity. Overall, we demonstrate that mutational processes involved in the development of gcBCL are more complex than previously appreciated, and that B cell-specific mutational processes contribute via diverse mechanisms to lymphomagenesis.
Population dynamics of microbial cross-feeding are determined by co-localization probabilities and cooperation-independent cheater growth
Authors: van Tatenhove-Pel Rinke J , de Groot Daan H , Bisseswar Anjani S , Teusink Bas , Bachmann Herwig 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As natural selection acts on individual organisms the evolution of costly cooperation between microorganisms is an intriguing phenomenon. Introduction of spatial structure to privatize exchanged molecules can explain the evolution of cooperation. However, in many natural systems cells can also grow to low cell concentrations in the absence of these exchanged molecules, thus showing “cooperation-independent background growth”. We here serially propagated a synthetic cross-feeding consortium of lactococci in the droplets of a water-in-oil emulsion, essentially mimicking group selection with varying founder population sizes. The results show that when the growth of cheaters completely depends on cooperators, cooperators outcompete cheaters. However, cheaters outcompete cooperators when they can independently grow to only ten percent of the consortium carrying capacity. This result is the consequence of a probabilistic effect, as low founder population sizes in droplets decrease the frequency of cooperator co-localization. Cooperator-enrichment can be recovered by increasing the founder population size in droplets to intermediate values. Together with mathematical modelling our results suggest that co-localization probabilities in a spatially structured environment leave a small window of opportunity for the evolution of cooperation between organisms that do not benefit from their cooperative trait when in isolation or form multispecies aggregates.
Synaptic metaplasticity in binarized neural networks
Authors: Laborieux Axel , Ernoult Maxence , Hirtzlin Tifenn , Querlioz Damien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile deep neural networks have surpassed human performance in multiple situations, they are prone to catastrophic forgetting: upon training a new task, they rapidly forget previously learned ones. Neuroscience studies, based on idealized tasks, suggest that in the brain, synapses overcome this issue by adjusting their plasticity depending on their past history. However, such “metaplastic” behaviors do not transfer directly to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in deep neural networks. In this work, we interpret the hidden weights used by binarized neural networks, a low-precision version of deep neural networks, as metaplastic variables, and modify their training technique to alleviate forgetting. Building on this idea, we propose and demonstrate experimentally, in situations of multitask and stream learning, a training technique that reduces catastrophic forgetting without needing previously presented data, nor formal boundaries between datasets and with performance approaching more mainstream techniques with task boundaries. We support our approach with a theoretical analysis on a tractable task. This work bridges computational neuroscience and deep learning, and presents significant assets for future embedded and neuromorphic systems, especially when using novel nanodevices featuring physics analogous to metaplasticity.