bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colored Shade Nets can Relieve Abnormal Fruit Softening and Premature Leaf Senescence of “Jumeigui” Grapes during Ripening Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Zha Qian , Xi Xiaojun , Yin Xiangjing , He Yani , Jiang Aili 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

When grapes reach maturity, they usually experience extremely high-temperature periods in southern China, causing premature leaf senescence, abnormal fruit softening, and fruiting period shortening. Their quality and production efficiency are also severely affected. ‘Jumeigui’ grapes were examined in terms of fruit quality and leaf senescence under shading treatments; green, blue, black, and gray aluminum foil nets were used for shading, and their spectra were measured. At the same density, shade net color significantly affected cooling and shading efficiencies, and gray net had the best light transmission and cooling effect. Shading treatment significantly alleviated abnormal grape softness during hot periods. Total soluble solids (TSS) content and grape coloration were affected under gray, blue, and green shade nets. TSS exceeded 18% under gray, blue, and green nets, meeting the requirements of first-class high-quality fruit. However, peel coloration was not notably affected under gray and blue shade nets, while the non-shading treatment produced clear heat-stress damage, especially on the edges of old leaves. The net photosynthetic rate of the bottom five old leaves under the non-shading treatment was significantly lower than that under the shading treatment, indicating that high light and heat caused premature leaf senescence. In summary, colored shade nets can reduce the temperature and light in the greenhouse, while alleviating premature senescence of perennial grape plants. However, the quality of the grapes treated using black shade nets was poor; superior quality was achieved using gray and blue shade nets. These results can be applied in future cultivation facilities during high-temperature periods.
Human Menstrual Blood-derived Stem Cell Transplantation Suppresses Liver Injury in DDC-induced Chronic Cholestasis
Authors: Yang Ya , Chen Yanfei , Zhao Yalei , Ji Feiyang , Zhang Lingjian , Tang Shima , Zhang Sainan , Hu Qingqing , Li Zuhong , Zhang Fen , Li Qian , li lanjuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Cholestasis liver injury can lead to serious symptoms and prognoses in the clinic. Currently, an effective medical treatment is not available for cholestasis liver injury. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been considered an emerging treatment in various diseases. However, efficiency of MenSCs in cholestasis liver injury has been less investigated. Methods: C57/BL6 mice were fed with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4- dihydroxychollidine (DDC) to induce chronic cholestasis liver injury model. DDC mice were injected with either phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or MenSCs at 2 and 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at 5 weeks. Serum and liver tissues were collected to test liver function and pathological changes. Proteomics and western blot were used to explore the related molecular mechanisms. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)9 infected mice were used for verifications of MenSC treatment target and related molecular mechanism. Results: We found that MenSCs could protect mice against DDC-induced cholestasis by improving impaired liver function and tissue damage. MenSCs markedly prolonged survival rate of mice, decreased the mice serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels as well as intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct dilation and fibrosis. The results further indicated that MenSCs repaired DDC-induced tight junction (TJ) and bile transport function damage and inhibited COL1A1, α-SMA and TGF-β1 activation by upregulating liver β-catenin expression. MenSC transplantation could be an effective treatment method for cholestasis liver injury.
Fuel and Emission Efficiency test for locally produced charcoal stoves using charcoal sourced from selected tree species in Adola Woyu District, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Getachew Demie , Seboka Ararsa Derese 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Energy plays an indispensable role in social, and economic development. It is primarily obtained from biomass and converted to required energy using traditional stoves in most developing countries. Currently, the market is dominated by different shapes and sizes of locally produced cooking stoves. Their impact on fuel-saving, and emission reduction, however, has not been exhaustively investigated.
Objective and Method: Hence, the objective of this study is to test the fuel efficiency and emission reduction potential of locally produced charcoal stoves. Accordingly, four charcoal stoves and three plant species that are commonly used were collected for conducting laboratory tests following a controlled cooking test.
Results: The overall findings revealed that about 62.69% of the respondents use locally produced charcoal stoves compared to the traditional metal stoves (37.31%). However, individual stove-wise analysis indicates that traditional metal stoves are majorly used stove type followed by Lakech (29.36%) and Mirchaye (13.46%) stoves. Overall, a traditional metal stove consumes a huge amount of fuel (0.23ton/year) which is around 0.0046ha of forest and is responsible for the emission of 77.07ton of CO 2 e per year whereas the mean consumption of improved stoves is 0.16ton/year which is about 0.0032ha of forest and emits 13.69tons of CO 2 e per year. Furthermore, these differences were among improved stoves. Accordingly, the highest annual greenhouse gas emission was recorded by Mirchaye stove (14.64ton of CO 2 e) followed by lakech, and kib stoves 13.69, and 12.74ton CO 2 e respectively. The types of wood used for charcoal preparation, in addition to stoves types, also have an impact on the amount of fuel consumed and pollutants emitted.
Conclusions: Generally improved stoves significantly contribute to reducing emission and fuel consumption which in turn reduces the impact on forest resources, human health, and global warming of the energy sector. Hence, this finding discloses the distribution of these improved stoves for local communities by government and concerned stakeholders to assure affordable and clean energy for all and reducing pressure on forest and human health.
Microbial Growth in Shrimp Ponds as Influenced by Monosilicic and Polysilicic Acids
Authors: Zhang Ruiping , Bocharnikova Elena , Matichenkov Vladimir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to increase shrimp production and minimize detrimental environmental impacts of aquaculture, the maintenance and regulation of the growth and composition of phytoplankton communities and nutritional balance are critical. Silicon (Si) is an essential nutrient for diatoms and other types of microorganisms, but the information about the Si impact on their growth is extremely scarce. Monosilicic and polysilicic acids were tested in several shrimp cultivation systems in Jiangsu Province, China. In pond waters, the concentrations of monosilicic and polysilicic acids sharply reduced by 36–95% and 35–75%, accordingly, as compared with those in supply water sources. The microbial cell abundance was strongly dependent on monosilicic acid, while the correlation with polysilicic acid was absent. In laboratory experiments, monosilicic acid added to pond water or probiotic solution at 1 and 2 mM Si had a significant positive effect on cell abundance. Over three days, the concentrations of monosilicic acid decreased by 81 to 91% in pond water and by 11 to 24% in probiotic solution. In probiotic solutions, the degree of polymerization of silicic acid was more intensive than that in shrimp pond waters. The data obtained demonstrates the importance of systematic studies related to the functions of Si in shrimp aquaculture.
Trends and Outcomes of Early and Late Palliative Care Consultation for Adult Glioblastoma Patients: A SEER-Medicare Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Adela , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Wang Dengzhi , Hsin Gary , Boakye Maxwell , Skirboll Stephen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeGlioblastoma (GBM) carries a poor prognosis despite standard of care. Early palliative care (PC) has been shown to enhance survival and quality of life while reducing healthcare costs for other cancers. No study has investigated differences in PC timing on GBM patient outcomes.MethodsThis study used Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data from 1997-2016. Based on ICD codes, three groups were defined: (1) early PC within 10 weeks of diagnosis, (2) late PC, and (3) no PC. Outcomes were compared between the three groups.ResultsOut of 10,812 GBM patients, 1,648 (15.24%) patients had PC consultation with an overall positive trend over time. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics. There were significant differences in survival among the three groups (P<0.001), with early PC patients with the lowest mean time to death from diagnosis (3.99 ± 4.22 months). The early PC group had significantly lower overall cost of home health aid (1901 ± 3025, p<0.0001) and overall healthcare costs (82842 ± 52726, p<0.0001) compared to other groups. Conclusion We present the first investigation of PC consultation prevalence and outcomes, stratified by early versus late timing, for adult GBM patients. Despite an overall increase in PC consultations, only a minority of GBM patients receive PC. Patients with late PC had the longest survival times. Early PC was associated with lower healthcare costs and resource utilization when accounting for the patients’ entire disease course. Prospective studies can provide additional valuable information about this unique population of GBM patients.
CNS Endothelial Derived Extracellular Vesicles are Biomarkers of Active Disease in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mazzucco Michael , Mannheim William , Shetty Samantha V , Linden Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Currently, active disease is determined by physician confirmed relapse or detection of contrast enhancing lesions via MRI indicative of BBB permeability. However, clinical confirmation of active disease can be cumbersome. As such, active disease monitoring in MS could benefit from identification of an easily accessible biomarker of active disease. We believe extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from plasma are excellent candidates to fulfill this need. Because of the critical role BBB permeability plays in MS pathogenesis and identification of active disease, we sought to identify EV originating from CNS endothelial as biomarkers of active MS. Because endothelial cells secrete more EV when stimulated or injured, we hypothesized that circulating concentrations of CNS endothelial derived EV will be increased in MS patients with active disease. Methods: To test this, we developed a novel method to identify EV originating from CNS endothelial cells isolated from patient plasma using flow cytometry. Endothelial derived EV were identified by the absence of lymphocyte or platelet markers CD3 and CD41, respectively, and positive expression of pan-endothelial markers CD31, CD105, and CD144. To determine if endothelial derived EV originated from CNS endothelial cells, EV expressing CD31, CD105, or CD144 were evaluated for MAL expression, a protein specifically expressed by CNS endothelial cells. Results: Analysis of EV isolated from 20 healthy controls, 16 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients with active disease not receiving disease modifying therapy, 14 RRMS patients with stable disease not receiving disease modifying therapy, 17 relapsing-RRMS patients with stable disease receiving natalizumab, and 14 RRMS patients with stable disease receiving ocrelizumab revealed a significant increase in the plasma concentration of CNS endothelial derived EV in patients with active disease compared to all other groups ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: For the first time, we have identified a method to identify CSN endothelial derived EV in circulation from human blood samples. Results from our pilot study indicate that increased levels of CNS endothelial derived EV may be a biomarker of BBB permeability and active disease in MS.
In-planta Agrobacterium-mediated Stable hva1 and EPSPS Integration into Potato var. Agria Genome
Authors: Choobineh Darush , nezhad nafiseh mahdi , Niazi Ali Niazi , Fakheri Baratali , Emamjomeh Abbasali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BackgroundAfter wheat, maize, and rice, potato is not only an important food crop but also a substantial source of income throughout the world. Developing a practical and effective transformation method for cultivars that are recalcitrant in tissue culture is vital. Hva1 encodes the protein of the LEA III superfamily that involves in reactions to abiotic stresses, which holds considerable potential for use as molecular tools for genetic crop improvement toward stress tolerance.ResultsHere, a protocol has been designed for an Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in tissue culture-independent conditions in-planta. The protocol establishes for hva1 and EPSPS transformations by direct injection of the bacterial suspension into the potato tuber sprout to encode resistance to cold and against glyphosate herbicide. A two-stage selection was involved using 1% and 2% Glyphosate to eliminate the chimeric and non-transformed plants. Ultimately, the protocol enabled confirmation of gene integration into the plant, transgene expression of the gene and transgene expression, which was made possible by competitive PCR reaction, RT-PCR, and ELISA, respectively. In this research, the transformation efficiencies acquired in potatoes (up to 46%) were higher than those reported using conventional Agrobacterium-mediated approaches in previous studies. ConclusionsThe constitutive expression of the integrated T-DNA neither slowed down the growth rate nor affected potato tuberization significantly. The hva1 gene was expressed successfully leading to the accumulation of the hva1 protein in transgene-generated tubers. This study is the first report on a successful transformation of potato in-planta whereby Agrobacterium can be directed at potato seed sprouts through injection.
Assessment of Staffing Needs for Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses at Primary Care Units in Brazil Using the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) Method
Authors: Bonfim Daiana , Mafra Ana Carolina Cintra Nunes , Palacio Danielle da Costa , Rewa Talita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The balance between supply and demand for primary health care (PHC) services is one of the main challenges to the health system in Brazil. In this context, the application of planning methods could benefit the decision-making process for human resources organizations. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the staffing needs for registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) at PHC services using the WISN method.
Methods
The Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) methodology was applied at 13 Primary Care Units (PCU) located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It included 87 RNs and 174 LPNs, and used data from 2017 to 2019.
Results
The WISN results found that RNs were under high workload pressure at 10 PCUs (77%) in 2017 and 2018, with a decrease to 8 PCUs (61%) in 2019. For LPNs, high workload pressure increased from 2 PCUs (15%) in 2017 to 13 PCUs (100%) in 2018, with a decrease to 11 (85%) in 2019.
Conclusion
The assessment of staffing needs for RNs and LPNs at the PCUs included in the study identified a consistent deficit in the number of professionals, and high workload pressure in most services throughout the study period.
Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota and Mother's Reproductive Tract Flora in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Liu Yannan , Hu Dongjie , Dai Chunfang , Wang Dan , Weihong Song 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with Down’s syndrome (DS) often have an increased rate of infections, hypertension, objectivity and gastrointestinal disorders, which are the most common abnormalities and have a significant impact on their daily life. The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis and improving immunity and has been linked to the development of obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. However, there are few studies on the intestinal flora and the mother's reproductive tract flora of children with DS in childhood. Therefore, 16S sequencing technology was used to analyze and explore the intestinal flora of children with DS and CHD patients in DS and the microbial abundance and diversity composition in the mother's reproductive tract. Results: We found that the gut microbiota in children with DS was mainly composed of Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Bacteroides, which have significant differences in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora compared with healthy children, and the abundance of Enterococcus and Erysipelatoclostridium in the intestine of children with CHD was significantly higher than that of children without CHD, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the reproductive tract of mothers with DS was significantly higher than that of mothers with healthy children, which may suggest potential ways of using microbiome composition for prognosis and diagnosis. Through functional analysis, it was found that Down’s syndrome patients significantly downregulated immune system and their cell growth and nucleotide metabolism were lower than those of healthy children.Conclusion: We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from 60 children and vaginal swab samples from 63 mothers to identify a number of potentially important taxonomic, functional and microbiomes associated with congenital heart disease and Down’s syndrome. Structural changes and its correlation with the mother’s vaginal flora. Our analysis shows that the ecosystem associated with childhood congenital heart disease affects the selection of bacterial communities in the native microbiota, and we focus on specific bacteria and their relevance to disease.
Nonlinear time-series forecasts for decision support: short-term demand for ICU beds in Santiago, Chile during the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Quiroga Bernardo F. , Vásquez Cristián , Vicuña María Ignacia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

In Chile, due to the explosive increase of new COVID-19 cases during the first part of 2021, the ability of health services to accommodate new incoming cases was jeopardized. It has become necessary to be able to manage intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, and for this purpose, monitoring both the evolution of new cases and the demand of ICU beds, has become urgent. This paper presents short-term forecast models for the number of new cases and the number of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in the Metropolitan Region in Chile.
Innovative Solutions for Disaster Early Warning and Alert Systems: A Literary Review
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In different parts of the world, decision-makers and risk managers use specific and particularly complex disaster early warning and alert systems to protect people and their material goods from the harmful effects of various disasters in a timely, efficient and appropriate manner. However, concerning the level of scientific-technological and economic development of certain countries, such systems can differ in the many characteristics that make them more efficient in specific situations. Guided by this, the subject of the paper is reflected in the systematic identification, analysis, and classification of the best innovative solutions of early warning systems regarding their usability and efficiency. To find appropriate innovative solutions, it was performed a search of different electronic databases. The findings of this review showed that there is a huge potential for innovative solutions in the field of disaster early warning and alert systems.
Determinants of saving in selected Woredas of Kaffa Zone
Authors: Alemu abiyot , J. Lidiya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Saving is one of the most important variables in the macro-economic theory. Different studies revealed that there is a significant relationship between income, saving, and investment, though they can determine the economic level of nations. This study was designed to capture the constituents of saving under different categories in Southern nations, nationalities, and peoples region with special reference to South west Ethiopia, Kaffa Zone. Three different models were adopted from a number of econometric and regression models adopted by different scholars depending on the country’s and regional economic and socio-cultural behavior. The panel approach (panel data) and cross-sectional data was adopted to measure the determinants of saving. The data utilized for this study was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The average monthly net deposit (AMND) was ‘the dependent variable and the independent variables can be taken in two forms. The first category includes the macro-economic variables as (per capita income, employment, rate of inflation, interest rate …etc) and the second category addresses the demographic variables as (age, gender, education, occupation…etc) which can be entertained at micro level. The reason behind using both panel approach and cross- sectional data is to make the study focus more on individual level variables those are not addressed by most of the studies conducted at macro-level. In addition to this cross-sectional data can support the panel data and helps for comparison of individual level variables with the variables at macro- level. According to the results obtained from the analysis income of the individuals is the most significant variable with cv (). Gender and age are another significant variables affecting saving behavior of individuals with cv (). Consumption pattern and preferences of the individuals are the most significant variable determining the level of saving with significant level of 0.672.
Assessment on the economic damage of trading households due to urban inundation
Authors: Hung B. V. , Diep N. N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Floods impact most of the subjects living and producing in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Trading households are one of the important economic sectors in the economic development of HCMC. This sector contributes greatly to development from GDP to creating jobs and attracting a large workforce cooperating with them such as goods traffic and business services. Because the trading households are of small business scale and very diverse, they are often scattered in residential areas, along roads. They are also adversely affected and suffer economic losses due to inundation, like citizens. The determination of damage level to all objects including trading households is one of the flood management activities and the basis for infrastructure development projects as well as social support policies of the city. Through a direct survey of more than 3,419 trading households and applying the economic loss curve method, this research has established a correlative function for economic losses due to inundation with flood depth and duration. With the correlative function of flood damage for trading households, the district and city's agencies will have a new tool to assess and analyze the damage level of trading households selling in the area.