bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of FKBP5 polymorphism with asthma susceptibility in asthmatic patients
Authors: Alsaffar Sura F. , Alqaraghuli Haider Abdulhameed , Yenzeel Jabbar H. , Ghazi Haider F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective controllers of asthma, although asthmatics vary in their response. FKBP51 is a major component of the glucocorticoid receptor which regulates its responses to corticosteroids. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the role of FKBP5 gene polymorphism in asthma susceptibility and corticosteroid resistance.

Methods
DNA was extracted from the blood of 68 asthmatic and 40 control subjects. FKBP5 gene fragments were amplified by PCR and sequenced by the Sanger method. The sequencing results were aligned by mapping on the reference sequences of National center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were checked. Finally, the genotype, allele frequency and odds ratio (OR) were calculated.

Results
The FKBP5 fragment sequencing revealed the presence of rs1360780 and one novel SNP found in 17 samples taken from asthmatic patients as compared to db SNP data in the NCBI database. The FKBP5 variant (rs1360780) indicated that the allele frequency of risk allele T was 41.18% in patients and 20% in control group members p<0.001 and OR=2.8 when compared to a wild C allele frequency of 58.82% in patients and 64% in the control group members. The novel SNP FKBP5 was compared to the SNP database in the NCBI database in which wild T allele was substituted with G. The novel SNP was submitted to the ClinVar Submission Portal at NCBI with accession number: rs1581842283 and confirmed an asthma susceptibility risk factor with allele G frequency of 11.76% in asthmatics and 2.5% in the control group members (OR=5.2, p<0.05), as compared to a wild T allele frequency of 88.24% in asthmatics and 97.5% in the control group members.

Conclusions
The risk allele T of rs1360780 and the novel SNP rs1581842283 risk allele G predict asthma susceptibility but show no association with corticosteroid resistant.
Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy
Authors: Pratama Novan Yusuf Indra , Zulkarnain Bambang Subakti , Soedarsono  , Fatmawati Umi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and analyze the risk factors for linezolid-induced hematological side effects in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.

Methods
Data were collected from medical records of MDR-TB patients who received linezolid between January 2018 and May 2020. Statistical significance analysis and multivariate analysis were performed with SPSS version 24 software.

Results
Hematological side effects were identified in 27 out of 93 patients (29.0%). The most prevalent effect was anemia (29.0%), while the less prevalent effects were thrombocytopenia (3.2%) and leukopenia (2.2%). These side effects were reported after 2 weeks of linezolid treatment. The drug dose was more than 11 mg/kgBW/day or patient weighing less than 54 kg was identified as an independent risk factor for anemia in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Anemia was the most prevalent of linezolid-induced hematological side effects in MDR-TB patients. Therefore, hemoglobin monitoring might be recommended in patients weighing less than 54 kg and after receiving linezolid therapy for at least 2 weeks.
The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram
Authors: Andanalusia Mahacita , Nita Yunita , Athiyah Umi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nonadherence to a long-term therapy, including diabetes mellitus, is one of the global problems that need to be overcome. This study aims to determine the effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacists toward medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram.

Methods
This research was an experimental research design with pretest-posttest with control group design. The study was conducted from October to December 2019 at Tanjung Karang Primary Health Care Center, Mataram. Measurement of adherence was done using the Adherence to Refill and Medication Scale questionnaire. The higher the score, the more nonadherence the patients. Patients were divided into three groups, which were the control group, educational intervention group, and pillbox and educational intervention group. Each group consisted of 11 patients.

Results
Patients’ medication adherence increased from 19.54 (SD 4.37) to 15.18 (SD 2.64) in the education and pillbox intervention group (p=0.004). Whereas, in the education and control group, the adherence did not provide a significant change (p>0.05). Based on the difference in adherence scores, it was known that what contributed to changes in compliance was refilling medicine and intentional nonadherence in taking medicine subscale (p=0.024).

Conclusions
Providing education and pillbox done by pharmacists at the Primary Health Care Center can increase adherence to the therapy of diabetes mellitus patients. Pharmacists at the Primary Health Care Center can use the intervention model to improve the level of adherence of patients with chronic illness.
Development, characterization, molecular docking, and in vivo skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers using tristearin and stearyl alcohol for dermal delivery
Authors: Aryani Ni Luh Dewi , Siswodihardjo Siswandono , Soeratri Widji , Sari Nadia Fitria Indah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to develop coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using tristearin and stearyl alcohol as well as isopropyl palmitate (IPP) as solid and liquid lipid respectively for the dermal delivery system.

Methods
The coenzyme Q10 NLCs were optimized using tristearin, and stearyl alcohol in different concentrations and further characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry for crystallinity behavior, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for drug-lipid interaction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for particle shape, viscometer for viscosity, and pH meter for pH value. Furthermore, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), and skin penetration in vivo were also evaluated while molecular docking was conducted to examine the interaction between coenzyme Q10 and the lipids.

Results
The coenzyme Q10 NLCs with tristearin-IPP and stearyl alcohol-IPP as lipid matrix had <1,000 nm particle size, <0.3 PDI, less negative than −30 mV zeta potential, about 41% crystallinity index, and about six as the pH value. Moreover, the EE, DL, viscosity, and in vivo skin penetration of the NLCs using tristearin were higher compared to stearyl alcohol, however, the skin penetration depths for both NLCs were not significantly different. Furthermore, the in silico binding energy of coenzyme Q10-tristearin was lower compared to coenzyme Q10-stearyl alcohol. Both of them showed hydrophobic and van der Waals interaction.

Conclusions
The NLCs of coenzyme Q10 were formulated successfully using tristearin-IPP and stearyl alcohol-IPP for dermal delivery.
Spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and metaanalyses focused on percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Cole Wesley Tanner , Wittl Peter , Arthur Wade , Ottwell Ryan , Greiner Benjamin , Koshy Gershon , Chronister Justin , Hartwell Micah , Staheli Jonathan , Wright Drew N. , Sealey Meghan , Zhu Lan , Vassar Matt 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
“Spin” is a form of bias that involves highlighting study results in a way that presents the conclusions about benefit or efficacy beyond the scope of the data. Spin in the abstract of published studies has the potential to affect patient care, making investigations about its presence and prevalence important for readers.

Objectives
To evaluate the most severe types of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and metaanalyses focused on percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods
Using a cross sectional study design, the authors searched MEDLINE and Embase with the terms “percutaneous coronary intervention,” “percutaneous coronary revascularization,” “PCI,” “systematic review,” “meta analysis,” and “meta-analysis.” To be considered for this study, the article must have (1) focused on PCI; (2) had either a systematic review or metaanalysis study design; (3) been conducted on human subjects; and (4) been available in English. Reviews were excluded if these criteria were not met. Each included article was assessed for the nine most severe types of spin as defined in a previously published article, as well as other study characteristics (type of intervention being compared, date the review was received, adherence of systematic review and/or meta-analysis to Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews or Metanalyses (PRISMA) guidelines, requirement of PRISMA guidelines by the publishing journal, the publishing journal’s five-year impact factor, and sources of funding).

Results
Our database search retrieved 7,038 records; 2,190 duplicates were removed. Initial title and abstract screening led to the exclusion of 4,367 records, and an additional 281 records were excluded during full text screening. An arbitrary limit of 200 articles was applied for this analysis; five additional articles were excluded for ineligible study design, so 195 were included in our final analysis. Spin was present in the abstracts of 43 studies from that pool (22.1%). Spin type 3—selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention—occurred most frequently (29; 14.8%). The presence of spin was not associated with any of the extracted study characteristics.

Conclusions
Our data showed that spin occurred in more than one in every five systematic reviews or metaanalyses of PCI. Spin has the potential to distort a reader’s ability to translate the true findings of a study; therefore, efforts are needed to prevent spin from appearing in article summaries.
English in a multilingual ecology: “structures of feeling” in South and Central Asia
Authors: Sultana Shaila , Bolander Brook 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper foregrounds analysis of the significance of English in individual and collective life in relation to a myriad of feelings that religious and ethnic minorities experience in South and Central Asia within their multilingual ecology. The data reveal an entangling of varied yet coexisting emotions on the part of these minorities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Tajikistan in relation to English and its positioning vis-à-vis other languages. The discursive realisation of emotion also gives a nascent understanding of the historical, political, social, cultural, and material significance of English at the microlevel – as the language is practised, nurtured, and sustained with anxieties and insecurities as well as desires and hopes of its users. Most importantly, the data indicate that English is used to legitimise ethnic and religious identity by minority communities. Drawing on findings from two ethnographic case studies, the paper thereby suggests the necessity of exploring individual metalinguistic awareness and subjective “structures of feeling” (Park, Joseph Sung-Yul. 2015. Structures of feeling in unequal Englishes. In Ruanni Tupas (ed.), Unequal Englishes, 59–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan) of users of English in order to understand its shifting meanings in varied contexts of Asia. The paper thereby brings together understudied areas in Asia, whilst also going beyond a South/Central Asia divide by incorporating studies from both (Bolander, Brook and Till Mostoslansky. 2017. Introducing language and globalisation in South and Central Asian spaces.International Journal of the Sociology of Language247; Bolander, Brook & Shaila Sultana. 2019. Ordinary English amongst Muslim communities in South and Central Asia.International Journal of Multilingualism16(2). 162–174).
Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for smart optoelectronic applications
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Shahid Muhammad Mehmood , Yiqiang Zhan , Oh Won-Chun , Soga Tetsuo , Anita Lett Jayasingh , Alshahateet Solhe F. , Fatimah Is , Waqar Ahmed , Paiman Suriati , Johan Mohd Rafie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The recent increase in the use of graphene and its derivatives is due to their exceptional physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the industrial materials developed by involving graphene structures can fulfill future needs. In that view, the potential use of these graphene-containing nanomaterials in electronics applications has encouraged in-depth exploration of the electronic, conducting, and other functional properties. The protecting undifferentiated form of graphene has similarly been proposed for various applications, for example, as supercapacitors, photovoltaic and transparent conductors, touch screen points, optical limiters, optical frequency converters, and terahertz devices. The hybrid composite nanomaterials that undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes are important for many new technologies based on switchable devices. As a two-dimensional smart electronic material, graphene has received widespread attention, and with that view, we aim to cover the various types of graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, linking their optical and electrical properties with their structural and morphological ones. We believe that the topics covered in this review can shed light on the development of high-yield GO-containing electronic materials, which can be fabricated as the field moves forward and makes more significant advances in smart optoelectronic devices.
Compounds isolated from hexane fraction of Alternanthera brasiliensis show synergistic activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Adesanya Enitan Omobolanle , Sonibare Mubo Adeola , Ajaiyeoba Edith Oriabure , Egieyeh Samuel Ayodele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classified as a “serious threat” by the centre for Disease Control, USA. Alternanthera brasiliensis plant, usually found on wasteland, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is traditionally used for wound healing and has shown antimicrobial effect. Yet, this plant has not been fully explored for its antibacterial activity. Hence, this study evaluated isolated compounds from this plant for its activity against MRSA infections. The leaves extracts and fractions were prepared and concentrated in vacuo using a rotatory evaporator. Isolated compounds were obtained through vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) techniques and structurally elucidated with various spectroscopic techniques. Anti-MRSA assay of the fraction and compounds were evaluated by agar-well diffusion and broth-dilution methods while checkerboard assay was used to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed fatty acid and carboxylic acid components like hexadecanoic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Fettsäure. The compounds AbHD1 and AbHD5 were identified as hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate. Anti-MRSA assay shows that A. brasiliensis hexane fraction (AbHF) and the compounds had zones of inhibitions (Zi) ranging from 7.3 ± 0.5 to 17.5 ± 0.5 mm with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.22 × 10−5 – 2.5 mg/mL. Synergistic effects were observed between AbHF and erythromycin, AbHF and ampicillin and AbHF and ciprofloxacin with FICi 0.208–0.375 in K1St4 strain while amoxicillin revealed antagonistic effects against M91 strain (4.67). Similarly, hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate showed synergistic behaviour only with ampicillin against K1St4 while the rest were antagonistic. The study revealed that hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from A. brasiliensis showed synergistic activity in variations against MRSA isolate and strains.
Indophenol and related dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz , Towns Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article covers three closely related types of colorant: the indophenol class of dyes plus those of their indaniline and indamine counterparts. Their roots stretch all the way back to the mid-nineteenth-century period during which synthetic dyes were successfully commercialized for the first time. The early history and subsequent development of these classes are briefly surveyed along with their chemistry. Two of their most important applications involve the synthesis of the dyes as part of the coloration process: the development of images from photographic film and the dyeing of hair. This introduction to indo dyes closes by describing their role in these and other coloration processes.
Understanding Zones of Molecular Dimension in Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites through Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Correlation with Tensile Yield Test Measurements
Authors: Rane Ajay Vasudeo , Yadav Deepti , Kanny Krishnan , Revaprasadu Neerish , Thomas Sabu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled poly (lactic acid) composites (MWCNTs PLAC) and hybrid poly (lactic acid) composites (HPLAC) filled with hybrid fillers, i.e., combining variable weight percentage of MWCNTs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt. %) and fixed weight percentage of carbon black (CB) (2.5 wt. %) were prepared using oligomeric dispersion. This article focuses on the use of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze the intermolecular interactions and zones of molecular dimension within polymer composite materials. For the first time percent transmittance (%T) and transmittance area (A) of peaks from ATR-FTIR spectra were corroborated with the zones of molecular dimension within MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC. Tensile measurements were performed on test specimens of MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC, and the numerical values of tensile yield strength were determined. The numerical values of tensile yield test measurements of MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC were then compared with the %T and A of MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC ATR-FTIR spectra, which presented a new way to qualitatively analyze the zones of molecular dimension and their role toward the change in the tensile yield strength of the MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC.
Counter-narratives
Authors: Husain Adrian A. 
Published: July 2021

Adrian A. Husain, “Counter-narratives: Wuthering Heights and the Intervals of the Brutalized Self” (pp. 33–56)
This essay is concerned with meaning and genre and how these become accessible in our encounter with the critically strange. The focus is on a deconstruction and redefinition, by Emily Brontë in Wuthering Heights (1847), of “reality” as a given of domestic realism and a situating of the “real” in the interstices of Gothic romance and domestic realism. The essay contends that Brontë perceives the question of reality and the related question of genre as initially arising at the level of reading and as a problematic of perception necessarily linked to the esoteric nature of literary discourse itself. That reality, to be inclusive, must allow for the crucial idea of pain and the sentient self is understood. The departure from contemporary fiction is seen as involving a symbiosis and at the same time a radical disjunction between civil and visceral, localized and phantasmagorical, whereby a renewed reality—a new narrative space—is enabled to come about. Wuthering Heights is perceived as moving away, with a view to achieving a realized meaning, from the deliberate construct of language toward an involuntary and fragmented mimetic mode—or a language of the gut—more directly expressive of emotion. The essay argues that the production of a hybridized temporal perspective—or a “Bergsonian” time—is equally part of Brontë’s quest for reality.
Hardy’s Trees
Authors: Sater Maxwell 
Published: July 2021

Maxwell Sater, “Hardy's Trees: Ecology and the Question of Knowledge in The Woodlanders” (pp. 92–115)
This essay attends to one of the stranger episodes in Thomas Hardy’s fiction: the inexplicably linked deaths of John South and the elm tree outside his house. I argue that this subplot is of central importance to The Woodlanders (1887) and to Hardy’s ecological thinking more generally. Hardy posits an episode that resists narrative accommodation: simply, it does not make sense. Its senselessness, I contend, indexes a broader discomfort with, and rejection of, what Stanley Cavell would call relations of knowing as the foundation of ecology. By reading The Woodlanders alongside Cavell, I suggest that Hardy develops an ecological mode of relation dependent neither on knowledge of nor on continuity with nonhuman worlds but, rather, on a negotiation of the epistemological and ontological limits inhering between, in this instance, humans and trees. For Hardy, humane ecological relations are possible in spite of those limits; in fact, seeking to transcend them, as the elm tree plot parodically demonstrates, can be counterproductive.
The Comparative Analysis of Sexual Violence and Harassment at the piloting Universities of Cyprus and Lithuania
Authors: Šidlauskienė Virginija , Pocevičienė Rasa 
Published: July 2021

The sociocultural contexts of higher education institutions form the background for gender-based violence in professional structures and environment of academia. The article presents the comparative analysis of sexual violence and the reasons for its (non-)disclosure at the universities in Lithuania and Cyprus. The findings of focus group interviews conducted within the framework of the Ending Sexual Harassment and Violence in Third Level Education (ESHTE) project, co-funded by the European Union, have been summarized in the present research. The focus group participants from each partner university involved university teachers, administrative staff, counselors and university students. The research was conducted during a 3-month period between 2017 and 2018. The main aim was to investigate university staffs’ and students’ experiences in the disclosures of the cases of sexual violence and harassment (SVH) in university environment and campus, as well as their awareness of existing procedures and policies in handling the cases of SVH. Their personal experiences, attitudes and beliefs of SVH, as well as any suggestions they have towards the improvement of disclosures of SVH are discussed in the article.