bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interference of eltrombopag with bilirubin measurements on the Vitros 5600 analyzer
Authors: Poventud‐Fuentes Izmarie , Garnett Emily , Despotovic Jenny , Devaraj Sridevi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEltrombopag is a thrombopoietin‐receptor agonist used to restore platelet count to hemostatic levels in chronic immune thrombocytopenia. The drug has shown to have hepatobiliary adverse effects, but also positive interference with the analytical measurement of bilirubin. Understanding the degree of interference of this drug with bilirubin testing becomes relevant in the clinical management of these patients.MethodsEltrombopag at concentrations ranging from 10 to 150 µg/ml was spiked into plasma samples with different baseline concentrations of bilirubin. Total bilirubin, conjugated, and unconjugated bilirubin were measured for each sample using VITROS TBILI and BuBc slides on the Vitros 5600 automated chemistry platform, and interference was assessed.ResultsPlasma samples spiked with eltrombopag yielded falsely elevated bilirubin measurements compared to baseline, with the degree of elevation increasing with greater concentrations of eltrombopag. Bilirubin values were increased relative to baseline across all groups, except in conjugated bilirubin measurements in samples with low baseline conjugated bilirubin. For samples with low total bilirubin at baseline, >100 µg/ml of eltrombopag resulted in an error of >+0.6 mg/dl on the measured total bilirubin. For samples with low unconjugated bilirubin at baseline, the error for the same concentrations was >+0.7 mg/dl.ConclusionOur results show that, at supra‐physiologically high concentrations, eltrombopag can positively interfere with bilirubin measurements on Vitros 5600 platform.
Urea derivatives of piperazine doped with pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acids: Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: Phougat Harshita , Devi Vandana , Rai Sanjay , Reddy T. Shreedhar , Singh Karan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of novel N‐cycloalkyl/aryl‐4‐(1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonyl)piperazine‐1‐carboxamides 9a‐g has been synthesized for biological interest by simple base catalyzed reaction of various N‐cycloalkyl/aryl isocyanates with (1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)(piperazin‐1‐yl)methanone hydrochloride 8. The compound 8 was synthesized in excellent yield by the reaction of 1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonyl chloride with boc‐piperazine followed by deprotection of boc group with dioxane‐HCl. All the novel intermediates and urea derivatives have been screened for antimicrobial activity. The compound 9a was found an excellent compound to be active against all Gram (−ve) and Gram (+ve) bacterial strains E. coli, Y. enterocolitica, B. cereus, and S. aureus. It also showed comparable antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC 78.1 μg/ml as compared to reference standard miconazole.
Construction of unsymmetrical bis‐ureamacrocyclic host for neutral molecule and chloride‐ion binding
Authors: Paul Biprajit , Mukherjee Ayan , Bhuyan Deepak , Guha Samit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConstruction of synthetic macrocyclic host that can bind with neutral molecules and anions has potential applications in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we have designed and synthesized blue light emitting an unsymmetrical neutral bis‐urea macrocyclic host. This macrocycle can bind with neutral DMF molecule (1:1) as well as Cl−ion (1:1) through noncovalent interactions. X‐Ray crystal structure,1H NMR titrations with Job's Plot, HRMS with isotropic distribution pattern, FT‐IR, and density functional theory analysis revealed the binding of bis‐urea macrocyclic host with the guest molecule.
Facile synthesis and antimicrobial evaluations of some novel pyrazolo[3,4‐b]selenolo[3,2‐e]pyrazines and their related heterocycles
Authors: Abd ul‐Malik Mokhtar A. , Kamal El‐Dean Adel M. , Radwan Shaban M. , Zaki Remon M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new series of pyrazolopyrazinoselenolotriazolopyrimidines was synthesized by a facile method based on condensation of 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]selenolo[3,2‐e]pyrazine‐6‐carbonitrile (3) with triethyl orthoformate followed by intramolecular cyclization with hydrazine to afford 7‐amino‐8‐imino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1,8‐dihydro‐7H‐pyrazolo[3″,4″:5′,6′]pyrazino[2′,3′:4,5] selenolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidine (5). The latter compound was utilized as a multipurpose precursor for the construction of other new triazoles fused to the pyrazolopyrazino‐ selenolopyrimidine moiety. Alternatively, acetylation and chloro‐acetylation of compound 3 using acetic anhydride and chloroacetyl chloride yielded the acetyl amino 11 and chloroacetamido 12 derivatives, respectively. Compound 12 underwent nucleophilic substitution upon reaction with morpholine to provide the morpholinyl acetamide 13. Furthermore, the pyrazolopyridoselenolopyrazine ring system 14 was synthesized by the reaction of the o‐amino‐carbonitrile 3 with malononitrile. Assignment of the chemical structures for the new compounds was confirmed depending on elemental and spectral techniques. On the other hand, most of the synthesized compounds revealed promising results against various bacterial and fungal strains.
The poor receive less: Remittance behaviour of female migrants in Myanmar
Authors: Zhai Yalei , Kono Hisaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of remittances in poverty reduction depends on the remittance distribution in low‐income households. Existing studies have found that low‐income households received low remittances and inferred that the primary motive for remittances is securing future inheritance. We investigate the remittance decisions of unmarried female migrants in Myanmar who have no inheritance rights and find that migrants from low‐income households remit less. A decomposition analysis suggests that the marriage prospects provided by parents explain around 40% of this correlation. The fact that parents of poor households fail to arrange matches from better‐off families for their daughters has pushed young female migrants to spend more on partner‐searching activities instead of sending remittances to their families.
The Role of Whole‐Body MRI in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Oncology: Current Concepts and Clinical Applications
Authors: Guimarães Júlio Brandão , da Cruz Isabela Azevedo Nicodemos , Ahlawat Shivani , Ormond Filho Alípio Gomes , Nico Marcelo Astolfi Caetano , Lederman Henrique Manoel , Fayad Laura Marie 
Published: June 2021

Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐MRI) has gained importance in the field of musculoskeletal oncology over the last decades, consisting in a one‐stop imaging method that allows a wide coverage assessment of both bone and soft tissue involvement. WB‐MRI is valuable for diagnosis, staging, and follow‐up in many oncologic diseases and is especially advantageous for the pediatric population since it avoids redundant examinations and exposure to ionizing radiation in patients who often undergo long‐term surveillance. Its clinical application has been studied in many pediatric neoplasms, such as cancer predisposition syndromes, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphoma, sarcomas, and neuroblastoma. The addition of diffusion‐weighted sequences allows functional evaluation of neoplastic lesions, which is helpful in the assessment of viable tumor and response to treatment after neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. WB‐MRI is an excellent alternative to fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography in oncologic children, with comparable accuracy and the convenience of being radiation‐free, fast to perform, and available at a similar cost. The development of new techniques and protocols makes WB‐MRI increasingly faster, safer, and more accessible, and it is important for referring physicians and radiologists to recognize the role of this imaging method in pediatric oncology.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Decreasing Spatial Variability of Individual Watershed Areas by Revascularization Therapy in Patients With High‐Grade Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Schmitzer Lena , Sollmann Nico , Kufer Jan , Kallmayer Michael , Eckstein Hans‐Henning , Zimmer Claus , Preibisch Christine , Kaczmarz Stephan , Göttler Jens 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCarotid artery stenosis can impair cerebral hemodynamics especially within watershed areas (WSAs) between vascular territories. WSAs can shift because of collateral flow, which may be an indicator for increased hemodynamic implications and hence higher risk for ischemic stroke. However, whether revascularization treatment can reverse the spatial displacement of individual WSAs (iWSAs) and impaired hemodynamics remains unknown.HypothesisThat iWSAs spatially normalize because of hemodynamic improvement resulting from revascularization treatment.Study TypeProspective.PopulationSixteen patients with unilateral, high‐grade carotid artery stenosis confirmed by duplex ultrasonography and 17 healthy controls.Field strength/SequencesA 3 T‐magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE), gradient‐echo echo planar dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. Additionally, contrast‐enhanced 3D gradient echo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) spin‐echo echo planar imaging were performed.AssessmentiWSAs were delineated by a recently proposed procedure based on time‐to‐peak maps from DSC perfusion MRI, which were also used to evaluate perfusion delay. We spatially compared iWSAs and perfusion delay before and after treatment (endarterectomy or stenting). Additionally, the Circle of Willis collateralization status was evaluated, and basic cognitive testing was conducted.Statistical TestsStatistical tests included two‐sample t‐tests and Chi‐squared tests. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsAfter revascularization, patients showed a significant spatial shift of iWSAs and significantly reduced perfusion delay ipsilateral to the stenosis. Spatial shift of iWSA (P = 0.007) and cognitive improvement (P = 0.013) were more pronounced in patients with poor pre‐existing collateralization.Controls demonstrated stable spatial extent of iWSAs (P = 0.437) and symmetric perfusion delays between hemispheres over time (P = 0.773).Data ConclusionThese results demonstrate the normalization of iWSA and impaired hemodynamics after revascularization in patients with high‐grade carotid artery stenosis.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Imaging modalities for endoleak surveillance
Authors: Williams Aman Berry , Williams Zoheb Berry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the global population ages, the issue of abdominal aortic aneurysm continues to grow. With the evolution of new devices and refined operative technique, aneurysm treatment via endovascular aortic repair is becoming increasingly favourable. This, however, is not without drawbacks, where regular surveillance is paramount to long‐term success and detection of post‐procedure complications. Of these complications, endoleak is the most notable and poses the greatest risk of potential future aortic rupture. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the armada of imaging modalities used in the detection and evaluation of endoleak and their varying usefulness. Plain abdominal X‐ray is a cost‐effective tool in detecting gross graft abnormalities such as stent migration or deformity (kinking or fracture). Though it may raise suspicion for endoleak, X‐ray does not allow accurate classification of endoleak type when used alone. Duplex ultrasonography quantifies both aortic anatomy and real time flow dynamics. Most screening programmes are conducted using two‐dimensional ultrasound. Unfortunately, observer and equipment variability may lead to surveillance discrepancies—but reduced when utilising a dedicated vascular sonography laboratory. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography is a promising alternative to computed tomography, though still is emerging. Computed tomography angiography certainly has disadvantages (ionising radiation, contrast‐nephropathy, limited differentiation of endoleak type)—however, it provides near‐real surgical dimensions and highlights graft complications and concomitant disease (such as neighbouring infection). With widespread availability and short scan time, it certainly remains valuable in surveillance. Magnetic resonance angiography has a similar sensitivity to computed tomography (minus the radiation), however is plagued by movement and metal artefact. Other novel modalities in endoleak surveillance include four‐dimensional ultrasound, multiplanar intra‐operative probes, nuclear medicine and wall stress analysis.
Spatial concentration and distribution of phase singularities in human atrial fibrillation: Insights for the AF mechanism
Authors: Schopp Madeline , Dharmaprani Dhani , Kuklik Pawel , Quah Jing , Lahiri Anandaroop , Tiver Kathryn , Meyer Christian , Willems Stephan , McGavigan Andrew D. , Ganesan Anand N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by the repetitive regeneration of unstable rotational events, the pivot of which are known as phase singularities (PSs). The spatial concentration and distribution of PSs have not been systematically investigated using quantitative statistical approaches.ObjectivesWe utilized a geospatial statistical approach to determine the presence of local spatial concentration and global clustering of PSs in biatrial human AF recordings.Methods64‐electrode conventional basket (~5 min, n = 18 patients, persistent AF) recordings were studied. Phase maps were produced using a Hilbert‐transform based approach. PSs were characterized spatially using the following approaches: (i) local “hotspots” of high phase singularity (PS) concentration using Getis‐Ord Gi* (Z ≥ 1.96,P ≤ .05) and (ii) global spatial clustering using Moran'sI(inverse distance matrix).ResultsEpisodes of AF were analyzed from basket catheter recordings (H: 41 epochs, 120 000 s, n = 18 patients). The Getis‐Ord Gi* statistic showed local PS hotspots in 12/41 basket recordings. As a metric of spatial clustering, Moran'sIshowed an overall mean of 0.033 (95% CI: 0.0003‐0.065), consistent with the notion of complete spatial randomness.ConclusionUsing a systematic, quantitative geospatial statistical approach, evidence for the existence of spatial concentrations (“hotspots”) of PSs were detectable in human AF, along with evidence of spatial clustering. Geospatial statistical approaches offer a new approach to map and ablate PS clusters using substrate‐based approaches.
Innovative biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using yeast glucan nanopolymer and their potentiality as antibacterial composite
Authors: Elnagar Sara E. , Tayel Ahmed A. , Elguindy Nihal M. , Al‐saggaf Mohammed S. , Moussa Shaaban H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanometals (NM) frequently possess potent antimicrobial potentials to combat various pathogens, but their elevated biotoxicity limits their direct applications. The biosynthesis of NM and their capping/conjugation with natural biopolymers can effectually enhance NM stability and diminish such toxicity. Yeast β‐glucan (βG), from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was extracted and transformed to nanoparticles (NPs) using alkali/acid facile protocol. The βG NPs were innovatively employed for direct biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) without extra chemical processes. The physicochemical assessments (Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy) validated NPs formation, interaction, and interior capping of Ag NPs in βG NPs. The synthesized βG NPs, Ag NPs, and βG–Ag NPs composite were negatively charged and had minute particle sizes with mean diameters of 58.65, 6.72, and 63.88 nm, respectively. The NPs (plain Ag NPs and composited βG–Ag NPs) exhibited potent comparable bactericidal actions, opposing Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‒ (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Scanning micrographs, of treated S. aureus and S. Typhimurium with βG–Ag NPs, elucidated the powerful bactericidal actions of nanocomposite for destructing pathogens' cells. The inventive Ag NPs biosynthesis with βG NPs and the combined βG–Ag NPs nanocomposites could be impressively recommended as powerful antibacterial candidates with minor potential toxicity.
Atmospheric river lifecycle characteristics shaped by synoptic conditions at genesis
Authors: Kim Sol , Chiang John C. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe range of synoptic patterns that North Pacific landfalling atmospheric rivers form under are objectively identified using genesis day 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies in a self‐organizing map (SOM). The SOM arranges the synoptic patterns to differentiate between two groups of climate modes—the first group with ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation), PNA (Pacific North American) and NP (North Pacific index) and the second group with AO (Arctic Oscillation), EPO (East Pacific Oscillation), and WPO (West Pacific Oscillation). These two groups have their positive and negative modes organized in opposite corners of the SOM. The ARs produced in each of the synoptic patterns have distinct lifecycle characteristics (such as genesis and landfall location, duration, velocity, meridional/zonal movement) and precipitation impacts (magnitude and spatial distribution). The conditions that favour AR trajectories closer to the tropics tend to produce higher amounts of precipitation. The large‐scale circulation associated with AR genesis shows a close relationship between the genesis location and the location and intensity of the upper‐level jet in the west/central pacific as well as anomalous, low‐level southwesterly winds in the east pacific.
Mooring Mobilities, Fixing Flows: Towards a Global Urban History of Port Cities in the Age of Steam
Authors: Heerten Lasse 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article critically surveys the current historiography of port cities, which have recently attracted a lot of interest, particularly from global historians of the 19th and early 20th century. The article contextualizes this body of scholarship within larger recent and older trends in the discipline. Recently, historians and other scholars have predominantly analyzed port cities as “nodal points” or “hubs” within global networks. The article argues that these perspectives project spatial patterns defined by the imaginary of globalization today into the past, failing to acknowledge how tightly interwoven globalization and urbanization were in port cities during the age of steam. However, port cities can provide concrete narrative focal points to develop empirically‐grounded global histories, and remind us of the various efforts to control, limit, or prevent unsolicited forms of mobility and entanglement in the sites where these were moored or fixed. Finally, port cities can render the labor of the urban masses visible that facilitated the making of steam age connectivity and a globality anchored in the urban space of the ports.
Placement depth and distribution of cattle slurry influence initial maize growth and phosphorus and nitrogen uptake
Authors: Baral Khagendra R. , Pedersen Ingeborg F. , Rubæk Gitte H. , Sørensen Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlaced cattle slurry (CS) provides essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to young maize (Zea Mays L.) plants and may substitute the use of mineral starter fertilizers. However, placement depth and distribution of slurry may influence the plant growth response.AimsThe objective was to evaluate the effects of slurry placement depth and distribution on initial maize growth, and N and P uptake on loamy sand and coarse sandy soil.MethodsIn a pot experiment, CS spiked with (15NH4)2SO4 was placed either 2, 5, or 8 cm below the seed in a thick layer covering 50% of the central pot area or 5 cm below the seed in a thinner layer covering the whole pot area.ResultsIn the loamy sand soil, maize biomass and P uptake at the five‐leaf stage were higher when slurry was placed in a thick‐centered layer 2 or 5 cm below the seed than at 8 cm. In the coarse sandy soil, maize biomass increased by 21%, when slurry was placed in a thinner layer covering the whole pot area, compared to slurry placed in a thick layer, whereas slurry placement depth had no effect on this soil type. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and 15N recovery (15NRE) were not affected by slurry placement depth, but the application of slurry in the thick layer increased NUE and 15NRE in loamy sand soil as compared to the thin slurry layer at the same depth.ConclusionsPlaced CS could replace starter N and P fertilizer for the early growth of maize. The beneficial effect of placed slurry depended on slurry placement depth in the loamy sand soil and slurry distribution in the coarse sandy soil, and distribution of slurry in broader bands seems a promising strategy in coarse sandy soils.
Microbial consortium inoculant increases pasture grasses yield in low‐phosphorus soil by influencing root morphology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation
Authors: Tshewang Sangay , Rengel Zed , Siddique Kadambot HM , Solaiman Zakaria M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPasture farming in south‐western Australia is challenged by nutrient‐poor soils. We assessed the impact of microbial consortium inoculant (MI) and rock mineral fertiliser (MF) on growth, nutrient uptake, root morphology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation in three pasture grasses – tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina Sm.) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum L.) grown in low‐phosphorus (P) sandy soil in a glasshouse for 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS).RESULTSVeldt grass produced the highest specific root length and smallest average root diameter in both growth periods, and had similar shoot weight, root surface area and fine root length (except at 30 DAS) to tall fescue. Compared with the control, MI alone or combined with MF significantly increased shoot and root biomass (except root biomass at 30 DAS), likely due to the significant increases in root surface area and fine root length. Plants supplied with MI + MF had higher shoot N and P contents than those in the MI and the control treatments at 60 DAS. Malate, citrate and trans‐aconitate were the major rhizosphere carboxylates exuded at both 30 and 60 DAS. Malate exudation varied among species and treatments in both growth periods, but citrate exudation was consistently higher in the low‐P treatments (control and MI) than the MF and MI + MF treatments.CONCLUSIONMicrobial consortium inoculant can positively influence pasture production in low‐P soil by increasing root surface area and fine root length, whereas exudation of nutrient‐mobilising carboxylates (citrate) is dependent more on soil P supply than microbial consortium inoculant. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.