bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damming salmon fry: evidence for predation by non‐native warmwater fishes in reservoirs
Authors: Murphy Christina A. , Romer Jeremy D. , Stertz Kevin , Arismendi Ivan , Emig Ryan , Monzyk Fred , Johnson Sherri L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComplex predator–prey interactions over time have the potential to limit survival of threatened native species. Reservoirs created by large dams in temperate ecosystems are sites where both coldwater and warmwater fish species overlap in distributions, forming assemblages that would not occur under natural settings. For example, in many western North American reservoirs, juvenile native salmonids now overlap with native and non‐native predators such as Northern Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis and bass Micropterus spp. Currently, native Northern Pikeminnow are considered by many to be the most formidable predator of salmon smolts in freshwater systems of the Pacific Northwest. However, their consumption of salmon fry and the role of non‐native warmwater predators remain unclear. Predation on fry has proved more difficult to identify than on smolts, due to smaller sizes and high digestibility, but is important for prioritizing management strategies. Here, we use multiple lines of evidence, including large datasets of stable isotopes and fish stomach contents, to identify which fish consume Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fry (<55 mm) as they enter reservoirs below their spawning grounds in the Middle Fork Willamette River, Oregon. Unexpectedly, we found that non‐native warmwater game fishes, including bass and crappie Pomoxis spp., preyed more heavily on Chinook Salmon fry in the spring than native fish predators including Northern Pikeminnow. Of the native species, only Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss showed evidence for significant predation on Chinook Salmon fry. Fish management in reservoirs that attempts to promote both warmwater and coldwater recreational fisheries simultaneously may thus be in conflict, necessitating future prioritization of species composition in individual reservoirs. This prioritization is especially important as these species include popular game fishes as well as salmonids threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Understanding predation pressure by popular invasive game fishes on sensitive life stages will allow managers and policymakers to evaluate trade‐offs in the management of these novel assemblages.
Right ventricular dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation in functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Truong Vien T. , Ngo Tam N.M. , Mazur Jan , Nguyen Hoai T.M. , Pham Thuy T.M. , Palmer Cassady , Pham Khanh N.P. , Phan Hoang T. , Lee Kwan S. , Bannehr Marwin , Butter Christian , Gyoten Takayuki , Chung Eugene S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic importance of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients with moderate–severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) receiving MitraClip procedure. RVD and TR grade are associated with cardiovascular mortality in the general population and other cardiovascular diseases. However, there are limited data from observational studies on the prognostic significance of RVD and TR in FMR receiving MitraClip procedure.Methods and resultsA systemic review and meta‐analysis were performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase to assess the prognostic value of RVD and TR grade for mortality in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) receiving MitraClip procedure. Hazard ratios were extracted from multivariate models reporting on the association of RVD and TR with mortality and described as pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals. A total of eight non‐randomized studies met the inclusion criteria with seven studies having at least 12 months follow‐up with a mean follow‐up of 20.9 months. Among the aforementioned studies, a total of 1112 patients (71.5% being male) were eligible for being included in our meta‐analysis with an overall mortality rate of 28.4% (n = 316). Of the enrolled patients, RVD was present in 46.1% and moderate–severe TR in 29.2%. RVD was significantly associated with mortality compared to normal RV function (HR, 1.79, 95% CI, 1.39–2.31, P < 0.001, I2 = 0). Patients with moderate–severe TR showed increased risk of mortality compared with those in the none‐mild TR group (HR, 1.61. 95% CI, 1.11–2.33, P = 0.01, I2 = 14).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis demonstrates the prognostic importance of RVD and TR grade in predicting all‐cause mortality in patients with significant FMR. RV function and TR parameters may therefore be useful in the risk stratification of patients with significant FMR undergoing MitraClip procedure.
Exploring factors related to non‐adherence to exergaming in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Jaarsma Tiny , Klompstra Leonie , Strömberg Anna , Ben Gal Tuvia , Mårtensson Jan , van der Wal Martje H.L. ,   HF‐Wii study team
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore factors related to non‐adherence to exergaming in patients with heart failure.Methods and resultsData from patients in the exergame group in the HF‐Wii trial were used. Adherence to exergaming was defined as playing 80% or more of the recommended time. Data on adherence and reasons for not exergaming at all were collected during phone calls after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Logistic regression was performed between patients who were adherent and patients who were non‐adherent. Secondly, a logistic regression was performed between patients who not exergamed at all and patients who were adherent to exergaming. Finally, we analysed the reasons for not exergaming at all with manifest content analysis. Almost half of the patients were adherent to exergaming. Patients who were adherent had lower social motivation [odds ratio (OR) 0.072; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.054–0.095], fewer sleeping problems (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.76–0.092), and higher exercise capacity (OR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001–1.005) compared with patients who were non‐adherent. Patients who not exergamed at all had lower cognition (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.06–1.31) and more often suffered from peripheral vascular disease (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.01–13.83) compared with patients who were adherent to exergaming. Patients most often cited disease‐specific barriers as a reason for not exergaming at all.ConclusionsA thorough baseline assessment of physical function and cognition is needed before beginning an exergame intervention. It is important to offer the possibility to exergame with others, to be able to adapt the intensity of physical activity.
Metal‐Free Hydroxyalkylative Radical Addition/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenes for the Synthesis of Hydroxyalkylated Ring‐Fused Quinazolinones
Authors: Yang Zixian , Shan Yujia , Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of ring‐fused quinazolinone derivatives through hydroxyalkyl radical‐initiated cyclization was developed, providing a series of five‐ and six‐membered ring‐fused hydroxyl‐containing quinazolinones in moderate to good yields. This reaction was conducted under metal‐free conditions using dicumyl peroxide as the radical initiator. Notably, this is the first example of the construction of ring‐fused quinazolinones through the radical C(sp3)−H functionalization of simple alcohols and was successfully utilized in the synthesis of Phaitanthrin A derivative.
Bluebirds Experience Impaired Hatching Success in Conventionally Sprayed Apple Orchard Habitats: A 31-Year Study
Authors: Read William F. , English Simon G. , Hick Kristina G. , Bishop Christine A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analyzed the reproductive success of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) nesting in apple orchards and non-orchard nest-boxes in southern Ontario, Canada, from 1988 to 2018. Using data from 2397 nest-boxes monitored at 20 orchard sites and 52 non-orchard sites, we first modeled phenological parameters typically linked to climate change across both site types. We found that the first egg of each brood was laid significantly earlier in the season each year over our 31-year study. Clutch initiation occurred 4 days earlier in the spring in 2018 compared to 1988. Average clutch size in the first or second brood did not change significantly during our 31-year study; however, clutches were significantly smaller in orchards compared to non-orchards (0.10 ± 0.03 fewer eggs between sites). Nests built in orchards were also at 6.1-fold greater risk of parasitism and 2.1-fold greater risk of depredation than nests in non-orchards. After accounting for depredation and nest parasitism, hatching success was still significantly lower in orchards than in non-orchards. Overall, hatching success was 4%–5% lower in orchards. The probability of successfully fledging did not differ significantly between site types. In 2012, a ban on use of the organophosphate insecticide azinphos-methyl in orchards was enacted in Canada. We did not find a difference in hatching or fledging success in orchards after the ban. In our assessment of available data, we conclude that any pesticide effect on hatching success of eastern bluebirds in sprayed orchards is most likely the consequence of long-term exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) compounds in orchard soils and bioaccumulation in eggs rather than pesticides in use since regulation of DDT in the 1970s. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3369–3378. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Average reduced model to simulate solutions for heat and mass transfer through porous material
Authors: Berger Julien , Abdykarim Madina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe design of numerical tools to model the behavior of building materials is a challenging task. The crucial point is to save computational costs and maintain the high accuracy of predictions. There are two main limitations on the time scale choice, which places an obstacle to solving the above issues. The first one is the numerical restriction. A number of research studies are dedicated to overcome this limitation and it is shown that it can be relaxed with innovative numerical schemes. The second one is the physical restriction. It is imposed by the properties of a material, the phenomena itself, and the corresponding boundary conditions. This study is focused on the study of a methodology that enables to overcome the physical restriction on the time grid; a so‐called average reduced model is suggested. It is based on smoothing the time‐dependent boundary conditions. Besides this, the approximate solution is decomposed into average and fluctuating components. The primer is obtained by integrating the equations over time, whereas the latter is a user‐defined EM. The methodology is investigated for both heat diffusion and coupled heat and mass transfer. It is demonstrated that the signal core of the boundary conditions is preserved and the physical restriction can be relaxed. The model proved to be reliable, accurate, and efficient also in comparison with the experimental data of 2 years. The implementation of the scarce time‐step of is justified. It is shown, that by maintaining the tolerable error, it is possible to cut computational effort up to almost four times in comparison with the complete model with the same time grid.
Unique episodic groundwater recharge event in a South American sedimentary aquifer and its long‐term impact on baseflow
Authors: Dambros Melati Maurício , Mainardi Fan Fernando , Barbosa Athayde Gustavo , Roehe Reginato Pedro Antônio , Collischonn Walter , de Vasconcelos Muller Athayde Camila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe anomalous entrance of water into groundwater systems can affect storage throughout long periods and normally relies on infrequent and irregular pulses of groundwater recharge defined by the term episodic recharge. Recently there was a groundwater recharge of large magnitude with unknown circumstances in the Caiuá aquifer. This unique event was explored in detail here and allowed to better understand the occurrence of such events in humid subtropical climates in South America. For this study, groundwater monitoring daily data from the Integrated Groundwater Monitoring Network was used combined with a specific yield obtained from geophysical wireline logging to obtain groundwater recharge rates. To improve the investigation, we also used a baseflow separation method to obtain the groundwater contribution into local rivers. The groundwater storage variations were also assessed by remote sensing with the GRACE data. Results showed the importance of high soil moisture storage on the occurrence of large episodic recharge events. We estimated that the groundwater recharger volumes derived from 1 year that included the unique episodic recharge observed (total of 866 mm for April 2015–March 2016) were comparable with the sum of 7 years of groundwater recharge (total of 867 mm). Atypical rainfall in winter periods were responsible for the increase in soil moisture that explained that unique event. GRACE‐based GWS showed concordance detecting the occurrence of the unique episodic recharge. However, the variation in terms of volumes obtained by GRACE does not represent the behaviour observed in the aquifer by the WTF method. The results also indicated that changes in aquifer storage caused by episodic recharge events directly affect low flows in rivers over long periods. The main knowledge gap addressed here relates to exploring a unique episodic recharge event quite rare to observe with its long‐term impacts on hydroclimatic variability over a humid subtropical portion of the Caiuá aquifer.
Platelet infiltration predicts survival in postsurgical colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Miao Yiming , Xu Zifeng , Feng Wenqing , Zheng Minhua , Xu Zhuoqing , Gao Han , Li Wenchang , Zhang Yuchen , Zong Yaping , Lu Aiguo , Zhao Jingkun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlatelets promote tumor growth and metastasis in several tumor types. Recent research has found platelets can extravasate and infiltrate into the tumor stroma and interact with the tumor microenvironment. The prognostic role of platelet infiltration in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. A pan‐cancer survival analysis was performed to find the potential prognostic value of platelet infiltration in patients with cancer. A survival analysis and a nomogram prognostic model were established to further confirm the results with data from our center. The correlations between patient outcomes and tumor‐infiltrating platelets (TIPs) were identified by immunohistochemical staining for CD42b. The prognostic accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by the concordance index (C‐index) and a calibration curve. The pan‐cancer survival analysis showed platelet infiltration can lead to a poor prognosis in patients with several types of cancers, including CRC. Platelet infiltration was associated with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in both primary and validation cohorts. The C‐index values of the nomogram for predicting OS and DFS were 0.774 and 0.769, respectively, which were higher than that of the TNM staging system alone. Our study found platelet infiltration has a potential prognostic value regarding postsurgical survival in CRC patients. The proposed nomogram resulted in a more accurate prognostic prediction for postsurgical CRC patients.
Impact of era of diagnosis on cause‐specific late mortality among 77 423 five‐year European survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: The PanCareSurFup consortium
Authors: Byrne Julianne , Schmidtmann Irene , Rashid Humayra , Hagberg Oskar , Bagnasco Francesca , Bardi Edit , De Vathaire Florent , Essiaf Samira , Winther Jeanette Falck , Frey Eva , Gudmundsdottir Thorgerdur , Haupt Riccardo , Hawkins Michael M. , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Jankovic Momcilo , Kaatsch Peter , Kremer Leontien C. M. , Kuehni Claudia E. , Harila‐Saari Arja , Levitt Gill , Reulen Raoul , Ronckers Cécile M. , Maule Milena , Skinner Roderick , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva , Terenziani Monica , Zaletel Lorna Zadravec , Hjorth Lars , Garwicz Stanislaw , Grabow Desiree 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLate mortality of European 5‐year survivors of childhood or adolescent cancer has dropped over the last 60 years, but excess mortality persists. There is little information concerning secular trends in cause‐specific mortality among older European survivors. PanCareSurFup pooled data from 12 cancer registries and clinics in 11 European countries from 77 423 five‐year survivors of cancer diagnosed before age 21 between 1940 and 2008 followed for an average age of 21 years and a total of 1.27 million person‐years to determine their risk of death using cumulative mortality, standardized mortality ratios (SMR), absolute excess risks (AER), and multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses. At the end of follow‐up 9166 survivors (11.8%) had died compared to 927 expected (SMR 9.89, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.69‐10.09), AER 6.47 per 1000 person‐years, (95% CI 6.32‐6.62). At 60 to 68 years of attained age all‐cause mortality was still higher than expected (SMR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.90‐3.02). Overall cumulative mortality at 25 years from diagnosis dropped from 18.4% (95% CI 16.5‐20.4) to 7.3% (95% CI 6.7‐8.0) over the observation period. Compared to the diagnosis period 1960 to 1969, the mortality hazard ratio declined for first neoplasms (P for trend <.0001) and for infections (P < .0001); declines in relative mortality from second neoplasms and cardiovascular causes were less pronounced (P = .1105 and P = .0829, respectively). PanCareSurFup is the largest study with the longest follow‐up of late mortality among European childhood and adolescent cancer 5‐year survivors, and documents significant mortality declines among European survivors into modern eras. However, continuing excess mortality highlights survivors' long‐term care needs.
Hydrochorous seed transport in a small river in Northern Germany as trait‐dependent filter of plant dispersal and recruitment
Authors: Rasran Leonid , Vogt Kati , Jensen Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe studied seed transport in the Upper Eider River (Northern Germany). Our main questions were: Diaspores of what species are transported in the river and which of them remain viable after the drift? Could functional species traits be used as predictors for the survival of plant propagules in course of water transport? The water body of the Upper Eider River was sampled for plant diaspores at two bridges with each four traps changed weekly during the whole year. Samples were separated into two equal groups. Each two samples per bridge and week were dried and seeds were counted manually. The other two samples were spread on sterilised soil for germination. Species composition and community weighted trait means were compared for dried samples (total transport) and seedlings (germinated after drift). About half of the species and 1/10 of the seeds were able to survive hydrochorous transport. Species traits (community weighted means) were not reliable predictors for survival of species during the hydrochorous transport, but the majority of traits reflect the differences between the transport pools of seeds and seedlings. Small seed size, ruderal life strategy, and high light preference correlate positively with germinability after the drift, while large‐seeded species adapted to endozoochory tend to lose viability during hydrochory. Dispersal of terrestrial plants with running water in the studied small river system is a highly stochastic event. We did not find evidence that specific adaptations to hydrochory significantly contribute to its success. Nevertheless, a few functional traits can increase the probability for the species to pass through the ecological filter “hydrochory.” Among those traits are (i) small seed size (less vulnerability for mechanical stress), (ii) generalist dispersal mode, less dependent on other particular vectors, and (iii) ruderal life strategy.
Increased serum exosomal long non‐coding RNA SNHG15 expression predicts poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Pengfei , Zhao Jia , Gao Lun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCirculating long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to detect serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 expression in NSCLC and evaluate its potential clinical value.MethodsA total of 238 serum samples were collected from 118 patients with NSCLC, 40 patients with benign pulmonary lesions and 80 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Then, the relationship between serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 expression and clinical parameters was analyzed.ResultsThe serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 expression was markedly higher in NSCLC patients compared to patients with benign pulmonary lesions and normal controls. As expected, serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 was greatly decreased after surgery. High serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 expression was closely associated with poor differentiation (p=0.035), positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.009) and advanced TNM stage (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 well differentiated all stage NSCLC, stage I/II NSCLC patients or stage III/IV NSCLC patients from controls, and the combination of serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 and CEA showed an elevated AUC for distinguishing NSCLC from healthy individuals. In univariate and multivariate analyses, serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 was confirmed as an independent prognostic predictor for overall survival.ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings suggest that serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG15 might be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of NSCLC.
Unequal childhoods in China: Parental education and children's time use
Authors: Mu Zheng , Hu Shu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDrawing on Lareau's binary conceptualization of parenting as concerted cultivation and accomplishment of natural growth, we examine how parental background determines the degree to which the two parenting practices are realized in China. To do so, we examine how parental education shapes children's weekly time use patterns on planned activities (academic and nonacademic) and unplanned activities. Using multi‐level mixed‐effects linear models based on the 2014 China Education Panel Survey, we find that parental education is positively associated with concerted cultivation, with children spending more hours on both planned academic and nonacademic activities, and negatively associated with accomplishment of natural growth, with children spending more hours on unplanned activities. The link between parental education and children's time use patterns is partly explained by parents' educational expectations for their children, parental supervision, parental support, and economic investments on education.