bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the attitude of herbs utilization among diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Triyono A , Zulkarnain Z , Astana W , Ardiyanto D , Novianto F , Fitriani U , Nisa U , Saryanto S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of herbs for chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), has increased. Many factors are associated with the positive attitude of DM patients to the use of herbs, including demographic factors, knowledge of herbs, family support and characteristics of DM disease. The research used a cross sectional study, conducted in Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia from March to May 2020. Subjects were 170 diabetes mellitus patients, aged 15-60 years who were examined at the Hortus Medicus Clinic or Community Health Center Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia. The sample used purposive sampling. Data collection using questionnaires distributed to respondents. Data were analyzed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate using SPSS 25. Attitudes towards the use of herbs were associated with high knowledge of herbs (OR=3.78; 95% CI=1.6 - 8.87; p= 0.002), duration of DM disease ≥ 5 years (OR=3.41; 95% CI=1.70 - 8.99; p= 0.001 ), high education (OR=1.26; 95% CI=0.51 - 3.10; p=0.617) and employment status (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.21 - 1.38; p=0.200). Knowledge of herbs and duration of DM disease were significantly related to the attitudes towards herbalism.
The effect of Java Plum Fruit (Zyzygium cumini) extract on leucocyte and lung histopathology of mouse exposed cigarette smoke
Authors: Sukmaningsih A A S A , Suarni N M R , Wiratmini I , Primiani C N , Sudatri N W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJava Plum fruit can decrease free radical activities. The overwhelmed production of free radicals will reduce the immunity system in the body. This research aims to study the effects of java plum fruit extracts on leukocytes and histopathology of mouse lungs that have been exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. Frozen-dried java plum fruit is macerated with water. The mice are divided into Control groups (K-). The mice of the control group were given only water orally. (K+) are mice that are exposed to commercial cigarette smoke once a day. (RJ) were the mice exposed to cigarette smoke once a day as java plum fruit extract orally of 180 mg/kg body weight. (RF) were the mice exposed to cigarette smoke given with java plum fruit extract with 180 mg/kg of body weight that is applied on its filter. The results showed a significantly lower number of leukocytes(p< 0.05) in the K-,RF, and RJ groups compared to K+. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in the number of lung pathological cells (p< 0.05) in the K+, RF, and RJ compared to the control group (K-). The results conclude that java plum fruit can reduce free radicals in animals affected by inflammation due to cigarette smoke particles in the lungs.
Investigation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) aqueous extract as an anti-diabetic in vitro
Authors: Pakan P , Lidia K , Riwu M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a condition of metabolic imbalance, indicated by a high level of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) resulting from a reduction of insulin secretion, action, or both. People with diabetes suffer from a lack or deficiency of insulin or insulin resistance. The metabolic imbalances are often not satisfactorily corrected using conventional medicines and even cause some side effects, which can be detrimental. Research on herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes is urged by the need to reduce unwanted side effects common with conventional medicines/treatments used in glucose regulation. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) aqueous extract in improving the glucose uptake in mouse tissues in vitro. This study is a true experimental research design with a posttest-only control group design. There were three groups of mice in this study: the control group, which were only given plain water; the second group of mice with 5% aqueous ginger extract and the last group were given 25% aqueous ginger extract. All groups were given treatment for four consecutive weeks, then dissected their cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and liver tissues to analyze the glucose uptake. The result showed that both the ginger aqueous extract groups were able to increase the glucose uptake of the mice. In conclusion, this research has shown that aqueous ginger extract may have improved the glucose uptake in most tissues of the mice in the groups. Therefore, ginger could have great potential as an alternative way in the treatment of diabetes type 2.
Urban space in transit area of South Sumatra light rail transit in Palembang
Authors: Jannah K M , Soemardiono B , Nurlaela S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new transportation system built in Palembang, the South Sumatra Light Rail Transit (otherwise known as LRT Sumsel), stretches along the road corridor from Sultan Mahmud Badarudin II Airport to the Jakabaring Sport City Palembang. In practice, a city needs criteria that must be met to develop a city properly. One of the urban development approaches is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), an approach that emphasizes not only transit accessibility but also a sustainable environment. Therefore, in developing a city that has mass transportation, TOD calls forth the integration of all transportation modes with the elements of the city. This is closely related to the design of urban space at the transit area and how to achieve the concept of TOD. This research was conducted to find out whether the space around the South Sumatra LRT transit area has properly fulfilled the TOD concept. To achieve the success of Palembang City development, the complexity of TOD and the quality of urban space must be integrated. The goals of this research were to identify the elements of urban space in the transit area. The South Sumatra LRT station is the case study in this research employing descriptive qualitative methods using observation, stakeholder interview, and literature study. The results of the study point out that LRT Sumsel must highlight the availability of parking and attributes, which can allow more frequent transit activities. This research hopes that it can provide consideration for the development of the city of Palembang in terms of architecture and transportation utilization.
Landscape patterns changes and relation to water infiltration of Krueng Peusangan Watershed in Aceh
Authors: Ramli I , Achmad A , Anhar A , Izzaty A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWatershed has played an important source of ecosystem services (ES). TheKrueng Peusanganwatershed (KPW) is considered to be the “lungs” and ecological border in the central region of Aceh, Indonesia. This study aims to monitor landscape patterns in the watershed area of 2009-2019 and to predict changes in 2039 and their relationship with infiltration. The selection of this research area is due to the notion that KPW is one of the numerously deforested watersheds in the country. Temporal spatial monitoring of landscape (land use/cover, LUC) patterns are required to inform policy and support future spatial management planning towards sustainability. Landscape patterns changes in KPW, including the extent of loss and addition of forest over the last few years, have not been quantified. In constructing the regional development policies, information regarding the effects of landscape changes and climatic patterns on ecosystem services is essential. Therefore, the knowledge development of this relationship is encouraged. The comparison value between potential and actual infiltration could identify the watershed category. The upstream area of KPW is classified as a significantly critical watershed due to LUC changes. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the absorption zone for the continuation of groundwater protection.
Sustainability indicator for resilient city amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lowokwaru District, Malang City, Indonesia
Authors: Hariyani S , Shoimah F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brings a big shock to Malang city. Meanwhile, the city is also stressed out due to population development and the high flow of urbanization, especially because of students who continue to live in Malang City and in the suburban areas. Urbanization is the result of planning to develop Malang City as an educational city with various educational institutions. This research aims to formulate the sustainability indicator of Malang City regarding resilient city amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample used to measure the sustainability indicator is Lowokwaru District. Regarding the development planning of Malang City as an education city, Lowokwaru District is a very suitable sample because 1/3 of the universities in Malang City are concentrated in Lowokwaru District. Besides, there are also other educational facilities such as 12 elementary schools, 11 junior high schools, nine senior high schools, and eight vocational high schools. Therefore, Lowokwaru District is measured by the sustainability indicator, namely density, diversity, and compactness to formulate a resilient city amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of calculations and interpretations from similar studies show that the sustainability of Malang City is at a moderate level of sustainability in terms of resilient city amid the COVID-19 pandemic, with a moderate population density (101.1-200 people/ha); medium building density (20-40 buildings/ha); the level of random diversity (the closest neighbour value is 1.1 and the entropy index is 0.51), where the distribution of facilities and infrastructure is not evenly distributed throughout the districts; and compactness is almost uneven.
Disaster mitigation on lands affected by landslides in Banjarnegara Regency
Authors: Susanti P D , Miardini A , Harjadi B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Landslide mitigation on potentially-affected lands is one of the crucial efforts in Banjarnegara Regency. Such effort, however, must comply with the existing environmental and land use conditions. This research aimed to determine the landslide susceptibility level and landslide mitigation on the affected land. A descriptive quantitative method was used to determine landslide susceptibility, and a survey method was used to determine its condition. Landslide susceptibility was examined using an overlay analysis of the major factors: slope, texture fault, regolith, and geology. The analysis results show that the levels of landslide susceptibility of the research location consisted of: not prone (19.21%), slightly prone (4.95%), moderate (6.92%), prone (29.20%), and very prone (39.72%). It also predicted that 335,940 people (36.80%) lived in highly and very-highly vulnerable areas. Based on the results, mitigation is targeted on three groups of land, including water bodies (269.57 ha), vegetated area (69,946.98 ha), and non-vegetated area (3,506.25 ha). Both physical and social mitigation actions are thus required. Physical mitigation includes slope protection (terracing, vetiver system, slope-protection structures, ground fractures covering), water management (manual horizontal drainage, drainage channel), vegetation management (multi-stratum canopy, root morphology, and plant biomass), whereas social mitigation involves community management by promoting public awareness and vigilance against disasters, and the active role of both community and stakeholders.
Evacuation route during a disaster with health protocol in the new normal era
Authors: Usman F , Murakami K , Shoimah F , Nabila M A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The southern coast of Java Island, one of which is Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency, is considered prone to the geological disaster tsunami. Sumbermanjing Wetan District is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean, a seismic gap zone that produces geological processes and high-intensity seismic activity that can trigger tsunami waves. On June 13, 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak in Sumbermanjing Wetan District recorded 90 suspected cases (two were hospitalized and the other 88 were self-isolating at home), and 38 were confirmed positive for COVID-19 (34 recovered and 4 died). This research focuses on evacuation plans for coastal areas from the threat of a tsunami during the pandemic and the new normal era. The sub-variables for determining the shelters include building area, type of building, ease of access, building construction, and capacity. The sub-variables for determining the evacuation route include road class, pavement type, and road width. Meanwhile, the sub-variables for implementing health protocols in the new normal era are maintaining distance, wearing masks, washing hands, special treatment for symptomatic refugees, and implementing other health protocols. The implementation of health protocols in evacuation activities will bring an impact on the reduction of the available shelter’s capacity. The study results indicate the need for additional new shelters to implement health protocols in the new normal era. With this addition, it will impact the travel time from the residential areas at risk of tsunami impacts to the shelters. One of the reasons is that the closest shelter to the residential area is already full of refugees, so the refugees have to move and evacuate to the other shelters that can still accommodate them.
Monitoring land subsidence induced by groundwater change using satellite gravimetry and radar interferometry measurements. Case study: Surabaya city, Indonesia
Authors: Pamungkas Y A , Chiang S H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Land subsidence is considered a potential hazard often occurring in densely populated urban areas due to increasing freshwater demands from groundwater pumping. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry combined with Sentinel 1 interferometric satellite radar measurement has provided the possibility to monitor land subsidence induced by groundwater change. This study monitored land subsidence induced by groundwater change through satellite observations over Surabaya City, Indonesia, from 2014 to 2019. Persistent Scattered InSAR (PSInSAR) measurement was used to monitor land subsidence by using 114 SLC pairs. As for the groundwater perspective, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS v.2.2), which contains the Groundwater Storage Anomaly (GWS) derived from GRACE satellite observation, was used to understand groundwater’s spatial and temporal variation. The results show a satisfactory agreement of satellite radar measurement with ground measurement (R = 0.96, RMSE = 4.92cm), while satellite gravimetry measurement showed reasonably good agreement with radar measurement as well (R = 0.25). Regarding the magnitude and occurrence of land subsidence over Surabaya City, the result shows that, over the past 5 years, the southern part of the city had the highest subsidence ranging from -10 mm/year to -40 mm/year. Therefore, the results conclude the capability of both satellite gravimetry and radar measurements to monitor land subsidence over an urban area. Thus, this information could be considered as an important decision-making process for disaster management purposes.
Tsunami risk reduction in the new normal era based on community building in Watulimo, Indonesia
Authors: Shoimah F , Usman F , Hariyani S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coastal area of Watulimo District is included as a tsunami-prone area that is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean is the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, which results in geological processes and high-intensity seismic activities that can trigger tsunamis. On the other hand, in the new normal era, the coast of Watulimo District includes a high-level COVID-19 zone with 74 cumulative cases, comprising 6 active cases, 54 recovered cases, and 14 deaths. The study aimed to examine the level of capacity of coastal communities in Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency, based on five livelihood capitals (natural capital, financial, physical, human, and social capital) to reduce tsunami disaster risk in the new normal era. The analytical method used in this research consisted of scoring analysis and pentagon assets analysis. The capacity of the coastal community in Watulimo District shows that the sub-villages with high capacity are Gading, Prigi, and Ketawang Sub-villages. On the other hand, the sub-villages with medium capacity are Gandu, Tirto, Gendingan, Sumber, and Gares Sub-villages. Meanwhile, the sub-village with low capacity is Karanggongso Sub-village, due to the low human capital and social capital. Therefore, in efforts to reduce disaster risk, the area that needs to be prioritized for handling is Karanggongso Sub-village through improvements in social conditions, one of which is by prioritizing education levels, such as training related to the threat of the tsunami disaster and the COVID-19 outbreak.
The concentration of CO2 on two canopy densities in Taman Kota 1 Bumi Serpong Damai, South Tangerang
Authors: Sembiring S S B , Hermawan R , Rushayati S B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Global warming occurs because many greenhouse gases (GHG) retain heat from the earth, which causes the earth’s surface temperature to increase. The GHG contributing most to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its highest atmosphere concentration and long life span. The increasing CO2 concentrations in urban areas are caused by transportation and industrial activities. City parks with high tree densities are the potential to reduce CO2 concentration. However, studies related to tree canopy density in reducing CO2 concentrations have not been widely carried out. This study aims to determine the CO2 concentration on two different canopy densities. This research was conducted in March - April 2021 in Taman Kota 1 BSD. Primary data collection was carried out by three replicates based on time as follows: 06.00 am, 01.00 pm, and 05.00 pm at low canopy density and high canopy density locations, respectively, by using the AZ 7725 Carbon dioxide meter tool. The low canopy density had a leaf area index (LAI) of 1.039, whereas the high canopy density had an LAI of 1.409. The highest CO2 concentration is 582.43 ppm in the high canopy density in the morning, while the lowest is 463.16 ppm occurred at the low canopy density in the afternoon. In the morning, CO2 from respiration is still concentrated under the dense canopy because there is less wind to disperse. In the afternoon, the wind speed is higher so that CO2 is more easily distributed.
The benefits of stress relieving treatment in a Healing Forest Program: A pilot project at Ranca Upas, Ciwidey, West Java
Authors: Baroqah B , Sudjata R G G , Irawan D J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the new normal has prioritized health and well-being among others through nature-based healing as offered by Perum Perhutani, a state-owned enterprise that manages forests in Java and Madura. Healing Forest or forest therapy is an activity to relieve stress, both physically and mentally, combining nature-based healing media and stress relieving activities. Due to the importance, one of the destinations managed by Perum Perhutani, namely Ranca Upas, was chosen as the pilot project of the Healing Forest Program. This study was aimed at determining healing treatments for relieving stress by utilizing the nature-based healing media through natural forest characteristic indicators. Data collection techniques were carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with a psychiatrist as determinants of treatments and also through modeling and direct simulations to acquire the results. The program focused on two main indicators: forest characteristics and stress relieving treatments for 10 participants. The simulation results show significant improvements in participants’ oxygen level absorption, blood pressure, and heart rate from pre-test until post-test. There were three base treatments used in the simulation. Those treatments decreased the blood pressure for the average 6.1% (there were 3 participants out of 10 experiencing a change from high-normal to normal blood pressure), decreased the heart rate per minute for the average 13.2% (with the result of post-test were good and very good heart rated) and increased the oxygen level for the average 3.1% (there were 4 participants out of 10 experiencing a change from mild hypoxemia to normal oxygen level). These findings provide healing treatments for relieving stress and anxiety by utilizing the nature-based healing media through natural forest characteristic indicators.
Application of Principal Component Analysis in distinguishing three species of ‘jernang’ (Daemonorops spp.)
Authors: Andini R , Yanti L A , Rasnovi S , Sulaiman M I , Moulana R , Muzaifa M , Putri S N , Widiastuti A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The province of Aceh at the northern tip of Sumatra has a total area of 5,75 million hectares. Its forest resources are considerably extensive as 60% of its total land area is still considered as ‘forest area’. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) are defined as any wild plant and animal products harvested from forests, e.g., ‘jernang’ or dragon blood (Daemonorops spp.). It is classified as one of the valuable NTFP’s harvested from the forests in Aceh. Its morphological features resemble that of rattan (Calamus spp.), both of which belong to Aracaceae. The red resin of Daemonorops spp. is highly valued in Chinese medicine and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-hemostatic properties. Almost 112 species of Daemonorops spp. exist. However, only 10% produces the red resin. Daemonorops draco, D. mattanensis, D. didymophylla are considered to have significant economic values. Over the past decade, a farmer living in central and western Aceh has cultivated dragon blood plants in small farms and sold the seedlings. In this study, the morphological variations of dragon blood (N=11) from Kuta Panang in central Aceh were assessed, and the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were applied in order to distinguish the three species. Up to 92% of total variations were significantly explained with PC1, while the remaining were explained with PC2. Among the three species measured with PCA, Daemonorops draco or known as super ‘jernang’, appeared to have more distinctive morphological characteristics, e.g., fruit-, and stem diameter, as well as a number of fruit per trunk. These characteristics would contribute to better yield and field performance.
Anti-termite activities of Indonesia’s essential oils against invasive drywood termite for wood product protection
Authors: Meisyara D , Himmi S K , Tarmadi D , Ismayati M , Wikantyoso B , Fajar A , Guswenrivo I , Yusuf S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Indo-Malayan drywood termite, Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Light) (Kalotermitidae), is considered one of the most invasive drywood termites in the Southeast Asian region. Once infesting a timber, the colony of a drywood termite is very difficult to be controlled. Thus, the best way to mitigate a new infestation of a drywood termite is by applying chemical protection on wood. In recent years, particular attention has been given by researchers to develop and use organic termiticides, such as essential oils extracted from plants as active ingredients. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the repellency performance of several economically important essential oils from Indonesia, such as Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba L), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) against a drywood termite, C. cynocephalus. The test was performed by subjecting various concentrations of essential oil toward C. cynocephalus in the force-feeding test method. Sample weight-loss was evaluated after two weeks test. The results suggested that Clove oil has the highest repellence performance against C. cynocephalus, followed by Lemon Grass and Cubeb Pepper oils. The Termite mortality rate was also recorded to understand the toxicity performance of those essential oils.