bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of technology of creams using hydrocolloids
Authors: Andrieieva Svitlana , Dikhtyar Aliona , Grinchenko Olga , Pyvovarov Yevgen , Kolesnikova Maryna , Omel'chenko Svitlana , Kotlyar Oleg 
Published: December 2021

The article presents a scientific study of the functional and technological properties of hydrocolloids, namely thickeners of polysaccharide nature, which are used as thickeners and stabilizers in dessert products. According to the monitoring of literature sources and the experience of manufacturers, the most commonly used thickeners of polysaccharide nature are carrageenan, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, pectin, starch, etc. However, each of these polysaccharides has both positive and negative sides, more polysaccharides are able to form dense gels, but with a high synergistic effect. Thickeners, such as k-carrageenan, low-esterified pectins, can form gels only in the presence of Са2+. There are also polysaccharides that form gels only at low temperatures and are not stable during external factors (temperature of sale and storage, mechanical impact, etc.).
Therefore, the study was conducted on the combination of polysaccharides in order to obtain creams with an airy gel-like structure. It has been determined, that it is expedient to use the combination "xanthan gum 0.75 % – locust bean gum 0.5 %" to obtain cream
Temporal analysis of rainfall and drought characteristics over Jalore District of S-W Rajasthan
Authors: Mehta Darshan , Yadav S. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drought forecasting is being considered an important tool to help understand the rainfall pattern and climate change trend. Drought is a prolonged period of months or years in which an area, whether surface water or groundwater, becomes insufficient in its water supplies. Drought is considered as the most difficult but least known environmental phenomenon, impacting more persons than any other. There are several indices used to classify droughts. For this study, precipitation-based drought indices are considered (i.e., SPI, RAI and Percentage Departure of Rainfall). The objective of the research is to examine and determine the possible rainfall trends over the Jalore district of South-West Rajasthan in Luni river basin. In this research, trend analysis using the rainfall data from the years 1901 to 2021 was carried out on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis. To define the current trend path, the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator test were used. In order to detect the trend and its change in magnitude over a particular period of time, Sen's slope estimator was used. During the southwest monsoon, declining rainfall leads to short-term meteorological droughts, which have severe effect on the agriculture sector and Jalore district's water supplies, while rising rainfall during other seasons tends to mitigate the severity of drought. The result of research reveals that there is rise of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon rainfall, but it also depicts a fall in the annual rainfall which reflects in reduced Winter and S-W monsoon rainfall.
ÑANDE RU MARANGATU E A MENSAGEM DE VETO Nº 163/2017
Authors: Rodrigues Marco Antonio , Rodrigues Andréa Lúcia Cavararo , Urquiza Antonio Hilario Aguilera 
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar o direito à livre mobilidade dos povos indígenas fronteiriços, garantida pelo §2º do art. 1º da Lei nº 13.445/2017. Após o veto, não mais se reconheceu o direito à livre mobilidade dos povos tradicionais sob o fundamento de segurança nacional, afrontando a Constituição Federal de 1988. O veto decorre do processo histórico de demarcação das fronteiras nacionais que impactaram os indígenas. O artigo buscará mostrar esse processo, estimulando uma reflexão sobre a importância da terra para os povos tradicionais. Estudar a dinâmica da mobilidade espacial dos Guarani e Kaiowá localizados na região de fronteira Brasil/Paraguai é fundamental para compreender como a mensagem de veto estudada influencia essa população. Nesse panorama, o artigo irá mostrar a possibilidade da tutela internacional dos direitos humanos como instrumento efetivo na garantia de direitos dessas populações, infelizmente relegados a segundo plano pelo Estado brasileiro. Através do método indutivo e por meio das fontes bibliográficas, antropológicas e jurídicas o artigo buscará atingir o seu objetivo.
TRABALHO ESCRAVO E EXPROPRIAÇÃO
Authors: AZEVEDO JORDANO 
Published: December 2021

Este artigo dedica-se ao estudo da regra do artigo 243 da Constituição da República, com foco na questão da eficácia e da aplicabilidade da referida norma que, a partir da EC n. 81/2014, estabeleceu a pena de expropriação das propriedades urbanas e rurais que forem utilizadas com a prática do trabalho escravo. O problema consiste em verificar se a norma em apreço pode mesmo ser classificada como de eficácia limitada, como propõem alguns políticos, magistrados e juristas. Como se verá ao longo do texto, este autor não concorda com este ponto de vista e defende que a norma jurídica é plenamente eficaz e autoaplicável, pois essa é a interpretação mais íntegra e que melhor se alinha aos compromissos internacionais firmados pelo Brasil, no tocante ao combate ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Para sustentar a hipótese, este autor se valeu da interpretação construtiva e da teoria do fit decisório, de Ronald Dworkin, a fim de demonstrar que os tratados internacionais e outras decisões proferidas pelo Poder Judiciário brasileiro, ao longo dos últimos anos, formam uma sequência coerente de atos que exigem que o país adote medidas eficazes de combate a todas as formas de escravidão contemporânea, daí a razão pela qual não cabe classificar a regra do artigo 243 da CR/88 como de eficácia limitada.
Withdrawal Notice: Novel Sequence Features of Leucine-rich Repeats in
Proteins from Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses
Authors: Matsushima Norio , Kretsinger Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

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Inflammation in the CNS: Understanding Various Aspects of the Pathogenesis
of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Doroszkiewicz Julia , Mroczko Piotr , Kulczyńska-Przybik Agnieszka 
Published: December 2021

:
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disorder, and one of the most common causes of dementia in the world. Current, insufficiently sensitive and specific methods of early diagnosis and monitoring of this disease prompt a search for new tools. Numerous literature data indicate that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not limited to the neuronal compartment, but involves various immunological mechanisms. Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a very important process in AD pathology. It seems to play pleiotropic roles, both neuroprotective as well as neurodegenerative, in the development of cognitive impairment depending on the stage of the disease. Mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammatory proteins could be considered biomarkers of disease progression. Therefore, the present review summarizes the role of some inflammatory molecules and their potential utility in the detection and monitoring of dementia severity. The paper also provides a valuable insight into new mechanisms leading to the development of dementia, which might be useful in discovering possible anti-inflammatory treatment.
Current and Near-Future Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gąsiorowski Kazimierz , Brokos Jadwiga Barbara , Sochocka Marta , Ochnik Michał , Chojdak-Łukasiewicz Justyna , Zajączkowska Katarzyna , Fułek Michał , Leszek Jerzy 
Published: December 2021

:
Recent findings have improved our understanding of the multifactorial nature of AD.
While in early asymptomatic stages of AD, increased amyloid-β synthesis and tau hyperphosphorylation
play a key role, while in the latter stages of the disease, numerous dysfunctions of homeostatic
mechanisms in neurons, glial cells, and cerebrovascular endothelium determine the rate of progression
of clinical symptoms.

:

The main driving forces of advanced neurodegeneration include increased inflammatory reactions in
neurons and glial cells, oxidative stress, deficiencies in neurotrophic growth and regenerative capacity
of neurons, brain insulin resistance with disturbed metabolism in neurons, or reduction of the activity
of the Wnt-β catenin pathway, which should integrate the homeostatic mechanisms of brain
tissue. In order to more effectively inhibit the progress of neurodegeneration, combination therapies
consisting of drugs that rectify several above-mentioned dysfunctions should be used. It should be
noted that many widely-used drugs from various pharmacological groups, "in addition" to the main
therapeutic indications, have a beneficial effect on neurodegeneration and may be introduced into
clinical practice in combination therapy of AD.

:

There is hope that complex treatment will effectively inhibit the progression of AD and turn it into a
slowly progressing chronic disease. Moreover, as the mechanisms of bidirectional communication
between the brain and microbiota are better understood, it is expected that these pathways will be
harnessed to provide novel methods to enhance health and treat AD.
Correction of Androgen Deficiency in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kobyliak Nazarii , Pankiv Volodymyr , Yuzvenko Tetyana , Pankiv Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
In men with low levels of testosterone in the blood, it is believed that the
symptoms can be regarded as an association between testosterone deficiency syndrome and related
comorbidities.

Aim:
To investigate the effectiveness of testosterone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)
and androgen deficiency.

Materials and methods:
Testosterone replacement therapy was carried out in 26 men with T2D
and clinically or laboratory-confirmed androgen deficiency. The age of the subjects ranged from 35
to 69 years old. Laboratory studies included determinations of the concentration of the hormones
estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The observation period
was 9 months.

Results:
The average level of total blood testosterone in the subjects before treatment was 9.4 mol/l
and was likely lower than that of the control group (19.3 ± 1.6 nmol/l). The levels of total testosterone
in the subjects ranged from 3.9 nmol/l to 10.7 nmol/l, and hormone levels measuring less
than 8.0 nmol/l were observed in only 11 patients. After a course of testosterone replacement therapy,
a stabilization in total testosterone levels at the level of reference values (as compared to the
start of treatment) was observed in the blood of men with T2D after 9 months of observation and
the administration of the fourth injection (16.83 ± 0.75 nmol/l).

Conclusion:
The use of long-acting injectable testosterone undecanoate leads to normalization of
total testosterone levels in the blood of men with T2D and androgen deficiency, and LH levels in these
patients are unlikely to change.
Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Step towards Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Kriplani Priyanka , Guarve Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging and appealing alternative to
oral and hypodermic drug delivery systems. With the new developments in skin penetration techniques,
anticancer drugs ranging from hydrophilic macromolecules to lipophilic drugs can be administered
via a transdermal route to treat cancer.

Objective:
In the present review, various approaches to enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs
are discussed, including micro and nanotechnology-based transdermal formulations like chemotherapy,
gene therapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy, vaccines, and medical devices. Limitations and
advantages of various transdermal technologies are also elaborated.

Method:
In this review, patent applications and recent literature of transdermal drug delivery systems
employed to cure mainly cancer are covered.

Results:
Transdermal drug delivery systems have proved their potential to cure cancer. They increase
the bioavailability of the drug by site-specific drug delivery and can reduce the side effects/-
toxicity associated with anticancer drugs.

Conclusion:
The potential of transdermal drug delivery systems to carry the drug may unclutter
novel ways for therapeutic intercessions in various tumors.
The Efficacy and Mechanism of Proteasome Inhibitors in Solid Tumor Treatment
Authors: Zhang Di , Yang Guilian , Zhang Lei , Wu Mengyang , Su Ruicong 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical in cellular protein
degradation and widely involved in the regulations of cancer hallmarks. Targeting the UPS pathway
has emerged as a promising novel treatment in hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

Objective:
This review mainly focuses on the preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors.

Methods:
We analyzed the published articles associated with the anticancer results of proteasome
inhibitors alone or combination chemotherapy in solid tumors. Important data presented in abstract
form were also discussed in this review.

Results/Conclusion:
Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, are highly effective
in treating solid tumors. The anticancer efficacy is not limited to affect the proteasomal inhibition-
associated signaling pathways but also widely involves the signaling pathways related to cell
cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, proteasome inhibitors
overcome the conventional chemo-resistance of standard chemotherapeutics by inhibiting signaling
pathways, such as NF-κB or PI3K/Akt. Combination chemotherapy of proteasome inhibitors and
standard chemotherapeutics are widely investigated in multiple relapsed or chemo-resistant solid tumor
types, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The proteasome inhibitors re-sensitize the
standard chemotherapeutic regimens and induce synergistic anticancer effects. The development of
novel proteasome inhibitors and delivery systems also improves the proteasome inhibitors’ anticancer
efficacy in solid tumors. This review summarizes the current preclinical results of proteasome
inhibitors in solid tumors and reveals the potential anticancer mechanisms.
Performance Analysis of 6T SRAM and ONOFIC Cells
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar , Malik Masood Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Background:
As the technology node scales down to a deep sub-micron regime, the design
of static random-access memory (SRAM) cell becomes a critical issue because of increased leakage
current components. These leakage current components prevent the designing of a low-power processor
as a large portion of the processor power is consumed by the memory part.

Objective:
In this paper, an SRAM cell is designed based on the ON/OFF logic (ONOFIC) approach.
Static noise margin (SNM) of the cell for the different states are calculated and evaluated by using the
butterfly as well as noise (N) curves with the help of Cadence tools at 45 nm technology node.

Methods:
ONOFIC approach reduces the leakage current components, which makes a low power
memory cell. A performance comparison is made between the conventional six-transistor (6T) SRAM
cell and memory cell using the ONOFIC approach.

Results:
Low value of power delay product (PDP) is the outcome of the ONOFIC approach as compared
to conventional cells. ONOFIC approach decreases PDP by 99.99% in case of hold state.

Conclusions:
ONOFIC approach improves the different performance metrics for the different states of
the SRAM cell.
In silicoDrug Repurposing for the Identification of Antimalarial Drugs as Candidate Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pasla Praveen Kumar , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , T.Y. Sree Sudha , M. Sri Chandana , S. Rizwaan Abbas 
Published: December 2021

Background:Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory condition that has affected millions of people worldwide, indicating a global health emergency. Despite the deteriorating trends of COVID-19, no drugs are validated to have substantial efficacy in the potential treatment of COVID-19 patients in large-scale trials.Methods:This study aimed at identifying potential antimalarial candidate molecules for the treatment of COVID and evaluating the possible mechanism of action by in silico screening method. In silico screening studies on various antimalarial compounds, like amodiaquine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine, and atovaquone, were conducted using PyRx and AutoDoc 1.5.6 tools against ACE 2 receptor, 3CL protease, hemagglutinin esterase, spike protein of SARS HR1 motif, and papain-like protease virus proteins.Results:Based on PyRx results, mefloquine and atovaquone were found to have higher docking affinity scores against virus proteins compared to other antimalarial compounds. Screening report of atovaquone exhibited affirmative inhibition constant for spike protein of SARS HR1 motif, 3CL protease, and papain-like protease.Conclusion:In silico analysis reported atovaquone as a promising candidate for COVID 19 therapy.
Development of Urinary Assay Methods for the Estimation of Paracetamol
Glucuronide and Paracetamol Sulphate in Preterm Neonates with Patent
Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Diab Diab Eltayeb , Sridharan Kannan 
Published: December 2021

Aims:
This study aimed to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
technique for estimating paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate in the urine samples of
preterm neonates.

Background:
Validated methods exist for estimating the principal metabolites of paracetamol in
older children and those with liver disease. Here, we have developed and validated a simple technique
for estimating the same in urine samples of preterm neonates.

Objective:
The study aims to develop and validate a simple, reliable, and accurate HPLC technique
for estimating urinary paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate metabolites.

Methods:
Preterm neonates of either sex diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) receiving
paracetamol intravenously at the dose of 15 mg/kg every six hours were recruited. We ran the samples
under standardized chromatographic conditions and using various dilutions of the calibration
standards. Measures of assay selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision were estimated.

Results:
We observed that the peaks for paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate were
distinguished from those of the drug-free urine samples. The results for both metabolites revealed
good reproducibility, with a percent coefficient of variation (% CV) of 4.3 and 4.9 for the slope for
paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate, respectively. Similarly, we observed good linearity,
as indicated by the correlation coefficients of 0.99 for the metabolites. The validation assays
revealed that the method is linear, accurate, and precise over the defined concentration ranges.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that HPLC has good accuracy, reliability, and precision, and it can
be used for estimating the principal metabolites from urine samples in neonates for defining the ontogeny
of conjugation enzymes and in paracetamol overdose.
Natural Products: Ray of Hope for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Arora Disha , Gautam Rupesh K. 
Published: December 2021

Background:Anxiety, a familiar form of psychiatric disorder, influences numerous persons throughout the world. These psychological disorders frequently need an enduring regime of recommended medicines and impose huge costs on human societies. For the last few decenniums, discovery in the field of natural neurophysiology garnered a lot of recognition because of its least side effects.Objective:Many people find it helpful to discover an effective herbal remedy for anxiety with fewer detrimental repercussions. The purpose of the present article is to report medicinal plant species used as anti-anxiety agents, which in turn, are helpful to develop new anti-anxiety herbal formulations.Method:An unlimited, semantic electronic and manual exploration of PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI, Google Scholar, Elsevier's abstract and citation database, and the database libraries was carried using keywords such as medicinal plants, herbal drugs, traditional medicine, and anxiety for recognizing natural medications in the management of anxiety disorders.Results:Literary review collected the information of potential anti-anxiety plants. Data support the effectiveness of some popular herbal remedies by indicating high-quality scientific studies and support several clinically efficacious natural plants as anxiolytics.Conclusion:Evidence-based studies indicate that natural plant treatment is an efficient way to manage anxiety disorders; the benefits outweigh the risks.