bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical spatial sampling reveals factors influencing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity in Côte d’Ivoire cocoa plantations
Authors: Rincón Cristian , Droh Germain , Villard Lucas , Masclaux Frédéric G. , N’guetta Assanvo , Zeze Adolphe , Sanders Ian R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile many molecular studies have documented arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in temperate ecosystems, very few studies exist in which molecular techniques have been used to study tropical AMF communities. Understanding the composition of AMF communities in tropical areas gains special relevance as crop productivity in typically low fertility tropical soils can be improved with the use of AMF. We used a hierarchical sampling approach in which we sampled soil from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plantations nested in localities, and in which localities were nested within each of three regions of Côte d’Ivoire. This sampling strategy, combined with 18S rRNA gene sequencing and a dedicated de novo OTU-picking model, allowed us to study AMF community composition and how it is influenced at different geographical scales and across environmental gradients. Several factors, including pH, influenced overall AMF alpha diversity and differential abundance of specific taxa and families of the Glomeromycotina. Assemblages and diversity metrics at the local scale did not reliably predict those at regional scales. The amount of variation explained by soil, climate, and geography variables left a large proportion of the variance to be explained by other processes, likely happening at smaller scales than the ones considered in this study. Gaining a better understanding of processes involved in shaping tropical AMF community composition and AMF establishment are much needed and could allow for the development of sustainable, productive tropical agroecosystems.
Effect of childhood pneumococcal vaccination and beta-lactam antibiotic use on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the adult population
Authors: Chávez Abelardo Fernández , Comas Luis García , Moreno Juan Carlos Sanz , Moreno Rafael Cantón , de Provens Octavio Corral Pazos , Andrés Jesús María Aranaz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDescribe the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in serotypes with reduced antibiotic sensitivity to penicillin (RAS-Pen) in adults over 59 years of age and its association with childhood anti-pneumococcal vaccination coverage (CVC) and community consumption of beta-lactam. We selected IPD cases in adults over 59 years of age reported in the Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2016. We estimated the incidence of cases caused by serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), those not included (non-PCV13) and the six serotypes additional to the 7-valent (PCV13-no7). We compared the incidences of serotypes from the pre-vaccine period (2007–2009) and the vaccine period (2011–2016) by analysing the incidence trend (JointPoint Trend Analysis) and its association with the CVC and community consumption of beta-lactam (Poisson model). We identified 1936 cases of IPD, 29.2% (n = 565) in serotypes with RAS-Pen. The incidence decreased for PCV13 cases (annual percentage of change, APC: -12.2, p < 0.05) and increased for non-PCV13 (APC: 15.4, p < 0.05). The incidence of IPD due to non-PCV13 was associated with community beta-lactam consumption (IRR 1.156; CI95% 1.025–1.304) and that of cases of PCV13-no7 with CVC (IRR 0.574; 95% CI95% 0.413–0.797). The non-PCV13 strains that increased the most at the end of the period were 6C, 11A and 15A. The incidence of IPD due to PCV13 with RAS-Pen at > 59 years was decreasing and was associated with CVC. The incidence of cases due to non-PCV13 was increasing and was associated with community consumption of beta-lactam.
TEI-friendly annotation scheme for medieval named entities: a case on a Spanish medieval corpus
Authors: Álvarez-Mellado Elena , Díez-Platas María Luisa , Ruiz-Fabo Pablo , Bermúdez Helena , Ros Salvador , González-Blanco Elena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMedieval documents are a rich source of historical data. Performing named-entity recognition (NER) on this genre of texts can provide us with valuable historical evidence. However, traditional NER categories and schemes are usually designed with modern documents in mind (i.e. journalistic text) and the general-domain NER annotation schemes fail to capture the nature of medieval entities. In this paper we explore the challenges of performing named-entity annotation on a corpus of Spanish medieval documents: we discuss the mismatches that arise when applying traditional NER categories to a corpus of Spanish medieval documents and we propose a novel humanist-friendly TEI-compliant annotation scheme and guidelines intended to capture the particular nature of medieval entities.
Guidelines for co-creating climate adaptation plans for fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Pham Thuy Thi Thanh , Friðriksdóttir Ragnhildur , Weber Charlotte T. , Viðarsson Jónas R. , Papandroulakis Nikos , Baudron Alan R. , Olsen Petter , Hansen Juliana A. , Laksá Unn , Fernandes Paul G. , Bahri Tarub , Ragnarsson Sigurður Ö. , Aschan Michaela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change is having a significant impact on the biology and ecology of fish stocks and aquaculture species and will affect the productivity within seafood supply chains in the future. The challenges are further amplified when actors within the fisheries and aquaculture sectors have very different ideas and assumptions about climate change and what risks and opportunities they entail. In order to address the challenges of climate change, several countries have developed national adaptation plans. However, fisheries and aquaculture are rarely included in these plans, resulting in a general lack of documented adaptation strategies within these sectors in most countries. This paper introduces guidelines for the development of climate adaptation plans (CAPs) within fisheries and aquaculture, applying a co-creation approach that requires the participation of scientists, industry representatives, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders. The objective is to provide a stepwise approach to facilitate and enable stakeholders to plan strategies toward climate adaptation. The guidelines are based on practical experience and include a three-step process: (1) assessment of risks and opportunities; (2) identification of adaptation measures, and (3) operationalization of CAPs. The three-step process is also part of a larger cycle, including implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, again generating iterative feedback loops over time. Lessons learned are discussed, and we highlight the advantages and challenges of developing CAPs. While the guidelines are designed for and tested within fisheries and aquaculture systems, the CAP approach is also employable for other natural resource-based systems.
Oxygen content-related DNA damage of graphene oxide on human retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Ou Liling , Lv Xiujuan , Wu Zixia , Xia Weibo , Huang Yida , Chen Luya , Sun Wenjie , Qi Yao , Yang Mei , Qi Lei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArguments regarding the biocompatibility of graphene-based materials (GBMs) have never ceased. Particularly, the genotoxicity (e.g., DNA damage) of GBMs has been considered the greatest risk to healthy cells. Detailed genotoxicity studies of GBMs are necessary and essential. Herein, we present our recent studies on the genotoxicity of most widely used GBMs such as graphene oxide (GO) and the chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) toward human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The genotoxicity of GO and RGOs against ARPE-19 (a typical RPE cell line) cells was investigated using the alkaline comet assay, the expression level of phosphorylated p53 determined via Western blots, and the release level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results suggested that both GO and RGOs induced ROS-dependent DNA damage. However, the DNA damage was enhanced following the reduction of the saturated C–O bonds in GO, suggesting that surface oxygen-containing groups played essential roles in the reduced genotoxicity of graphene and had the potential possibility to reduce the toxicity of GBMs via chemical modification.
A-continuity and measure
Authors: Ivanova Gertruda , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe introduce the notions of λ-Baire property and λ-semiopen set using sets of Lebesgue measure zero. For a family A of subsets of the real line, we define the (λ∗)-property analogously as it was done in the category case for the (∗)-property. The main result is that the family A of all subsets of the real line having the λ-Baire property has the (λ∗)-property iff A is situated between the Euclidean topology and the family of λ-semiopen sets.
Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Worsens Coronary Atherosclerosis Through MicroRNA-194-3p/TXNIP Axis
Authors: Li Yanbing , Geng Yu , Zhou Boda , Wu Xuejiao , Zhang Ou , Guan Xiaonan , Xue Yajun , Li Siyuan , Zhuang Xianjing , Zhou Jie , Chang Meng , Miao Guobin , Wang Lizhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is formerly conducted that long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is involved in the process of coronary atherosclerosis (AS). The regulatory effects of GAS5 on the microRNA (miR)-194-3p/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) axis in AS have been insufficiently explored yet. Thereafter, this work is started from GAS5/miR-194-3p/TXNIP axis in AS. AS rats were modeled to obtain their coronary vascular tissues and endothelial cells (ECs), in which GAS5, miR-194-3p, and TXNIP expression were tested. ECs were identified by immunohistochemistry. The mechanism among GAS5, miR-194-3p, and TXNIP was determined. ECs were transfected with inhibited GAS5 or overexpressed miR-194-3p to decipher their functions in proliferation and apoptosis of ECs in AS. Raised GAS5 and TXNIP and degraded miR-194-3p expression levels exhibited in AS. GAS5 bound to miR-194-3p while miR-194-3p targeted TXNIP. Depleting GAS5 or restoring miR-194-3p enhanced proliferation and depressed apoptosis of ECs in AS. This work clearly manifests that inhibited GAS5 facilitates the growth of ECs through miR-194-3p-targeted TXNIP in AS, consolidating the basal reference to the curing for AS.
A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria
Authors: D’Orazio Marco , Bernardini Gabriele , Quagliarini Enrico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUniversity buildings are one of the most relevant closed environments in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out stakeholders’ needs toward safety issues, especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users (i.e. students, teachers) and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible “infectors”. While waiting for the vaccine, as for other public buildings, policy-makers’ measures to limit virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies (facial masks), occupants’ capacity and access control. But, up to now, no easy-to-apply tools are available for assessing the punctual effectiveness of such measures. To fill this gap, this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission confirmed by international health organizations. The building occupancy is defined according to university scheduling, identifying the main “attraction areas” in the building (classrooms, break-areas). Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’ densities and the above-mentioned mitigation strategies. The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building. Results demonstrate the model capabilities. In particular, it underlines that if such strategies are not combined, the virus spreading can be limited by only using high protection respiratory devices (i.e. FFP3) by almost every occupant. On the contrary, the combination between access control and building capacity limitation can lead to the adoption of lighter protective devices (i.e. surgical masks), thus improving the feasibility, users’ comfort and favorable reception. Simplified rules to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants’ density are thus provided to help stakeholders in organizing users’ presences in the building during the pandemic.
Evaluating a computerized maintenance management system in a low resource setting
Authors: Beniacoub Farah , Ntwari Fabrice , Niyonkuru Jean-Paul , Nyssen Marc , Van Bastelaere Stefaan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study documents the setup and roll-out of a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) in Burundi’s resource constrained health care system between 1/04/2017 and 31/03/2020. First, in 2017 a biomedical assets ontology was created, tailored to the local health system and progressively mapped on international GMDN (Global Medical Devices Nomenclature) and ICMD (International Classification and Nomenclature of Medical Devices) classifications. This ontology was the cornerstone of a web-based CMMS, deployed in the Kirundo and Muramvya provinces (6 health districts, 4 hospitals and 73 health centers).During the study period, the total number of biomedical maintenance interventions increased from 4 to 350 per month, average corrective maintenance delays were reduced from 106 to 26 days and the proportion of functional medical assets grew from 88 to 91%.This study proves that a sustainable implementation of a CMMS is feasible and highly useful in low resource settings, if (i) the implementation is done in a conducive technical environment with correct workshops and maintenance equipment, (ii) the active cooperation of the administrative authorities is ensured, (iii) sufficient training efforts are made, (iv) necessary hardware and internet connectivity is available and (v) adequate local technical support can be provided.
A digital tumor board solution impacts case discussion time and postponement of cases in tumor boards
Authors: Hammer Richard D. , Fowler Donna , Sheets Lincoln R. , Siadimas Athanasios , Guo Chaohui , Prime Matthew S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultidisciplinary tumor boards (TBs) is an integral part of cancer care. Emerging evidence shows that effective TB implementation is crucial. It remains largely unknown how digital solutions can assist effective TB conduction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a digital solution on case discussion during TB meetings in four cancer types: Breast, Gastrointestinal (GI), Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT), and Hematopathology. A prospective study was performed to evaluate case discussion time during TB meetings pre- and post-solution implementation, at an US academic healthcare cancer center. Data were recorded by a Nurse Navigator for each case during TB meetings. Case discussion times were recorded for 2312 patients, at a total of 286 TB meetings. Significant decreases were observed in the average case discussion time for the breast and GI TBs. We observed a trend for reduction in discussion time variance for all TBs, suggesting the potential of the digital solution to standardize case discussion via provision of uniform case presentation and data access. Postponement rate decreased from 23 to 10% for ENT TB. This study demonstrated that the digital solution enhanced effective TB implementation, with heterogeneity across cancer types.
Impact of a Culturally Tailored Education Intervention for African-American and Appalachian Men in Ohio
Authors: Dougherty Bryn , Fisher James L. , Adeyanju Toyin , Paskett Electra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMen, particularly those of underserved groups, bear a disproportionate cancer burden. Knowledge about cancer and screening is associated with adherence to screening guidelines. However it is possible that a correlation exists between an individual’s education attainment and ability to gain knowledge from health education. Men were recruited from Ohio counties with significant cancer disparities and asked to participate in three education sessions. Measures included a baseline survey collecting demographic information and pre- and post-intervention knowledge assessments about each of the topics. Paired t tests were used to determine whether there were statistically significant changes in mean scores after the intervention. Repeated measures of variance (ANOVA) conducted through generalized linear models (GLM) were used to determine if scores varied significantly by educational attainment. Appalachian men, regardless of level of educational attainment, had significant increases in knowledge for all topics. African American men with at least some college education demonstrated significant increases in knowledge for all three topics, while those with no college education had significant increases for only two topics. College education had a significant effect on scores for one topic among the Appalachian men and all three topics among the African American men. The interaction between change in score and higher educational attainment was significant for only one topic among Appalachian men and no topics among African American men. Higher educational attainment was associated with greater increases in knowledge scores for only one topic among Appalachian men and no topics among African American men. Culturally tailored health educational interventions are a promising approach to reducing disparities in cancer screening and outcomes among men of underserved groups. While all groups demonstrated increases in mean knowledge scores after participating in the educational intervention, there was not a significant association between educational attainment and increases in knowledge scores. Future research is needed to explore additional approaches to delivering health education and increasing the knowledge of men with lower levels of educational attainment.
The effects of nano- and micro-sized additives on 3D printable cementitious and alkali-activated composites: a review
Authors: Sikora Pawel , Chougan Mehdi , Cuevas Karla , Liebscher Marco , Mechtcherine Viktor , Ghaffar Seyed Hamidreza , Liard Maxime , Lootens Didier , Krivenko Pavel , Sanytsky Myroslav , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), also referred as 3D printing, is a technology that enables building automated three-dimensional objects in a layer-by-layer manner. AM of cement-based and alkali-activated composites has gathered attention over the last decade and is one of the most rapidly developing civil engineering fields. Development of proper mixture compositions which are suitable in fresh and hardened state is one of the key challenges of AM technology in construction. As the behaviour of cement-based materials (CBM) and alkali-activated materials (AAM) is determined by chemical and physical processes at the nano-level, incorporation of nano- and micro-sized admixtures has great influence on the performance of printable composites. These modifications are attributed to the unique reactivity of nanoparticles associated with their small size and large surface area. This review paper summarizes recent developments in the application of nano- and micro-particles on 3D printable cementitious composites and how they influence the performance of 3D-printed construction materials. The research progress on nano-engineered CBM and AAM is reviewed from the view of fresh and hardened properties. Moreover, comparison between nano- and micro-sized admixtures including nanosilica, graphene-based materials, and clay nanoparticles as well as chemical admixtures such as viscosity-modifying admixtures and superplasticizers is presented. Finally, the existing problems in current research and future perspectives are summarized. This review provides useful recommendations toward the significant influence of nano- and micro-sized admixtures on the performance of 3D printable CBMs.
Knowledge Graphs of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Huang Zhisheng , Hu Qing , Liao Mingqun , Miao Cong , Wang Chengyi , Liu Guanghua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKawasaki Disease is a vasculitis syndrome that is extremely harmful to children. Kawasaki Disease can cause severe symptoms of ischemic heart disease or develop into ischemic heart disease, leading to death in children. Researchers and clinicians need to analyze various knowledge and data resources to explore aspects of Kawasaki Disease. Knowledge Graphs have become an important AI approach to integrating various types of complex knowledge and data resources. In this paper, we present an approach for the construction of Knowledge Graphs of Kawasaki Disease. It integrates a wide range of knowledge resources related to Kawasaki Disease, including clinical guidelines, clinical trials, drug knowledge bases, medical literature, and others. It provides a basic integration foundation of knowledge and data concerning Kawasaki Disease for clinical study. In this paper, we will show that this disease-specific Knowledge Graphs are useful for exploring various aspects of Kawasaki Disease.
Beneficial use of hyperbaric process conditions for welding of aluminium and copper alloys
Authors: Treutler K. , Brechelt S. , Wiche H. , Wesling V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe joining of components with as few weld layers as possible is an important aspect of weld seam design due to the resulting reduced manufacturing effort and reduced influence of thermal cycles on the base material as well as reduced distortion. For materials with good thermal conductivity, this is not easily possible. The energy density of the arc has been found to be the core parameter for determining the penetration. In the present work, it is shown how the use of a hyperbaric process environment (2 to 16 bar) allows an increase of the energy density of the arc and thus an increase of the penetration depth for selected aluminium and copper alloys. Furthermore, the effects of this novel approach on weld metal metallurgy are presented. It is shown that the penetration depth can be doubled by increasing the ambient pressure. Furthermore, a statistical model for the prediction of the penetration depth depending on the welding parameters will be presented.
Programming as Language and Manipulative for Second-Grade Mathematics
Authors: Goldenberg E. Paul , Carter Cynthia J. , Mark June , Reed Kristen , Spencer Deborah , Coleman Kate 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article reports on an exploration of how second-graders can learn mathematics through programming. We started from the theory that a suitably designed programming language can serve children as a language for expressing and experimenting with mathematical ideas and processes in order to do mathematics and thereby, with appropriate tasks and teaching, learn and enjoy the subject. This is very different from using the computer as a teaching app or a digital medium for exploration. Children tackled genuine puzzles – problems for which they did not already have a pre-learned solution. So far, we have built four microworlds for second-graders and tested them with a diverse population of well over three hundred children. The microworlds focus on the most critical second-grade mathematical content (as mandated in state standards), let children pick up all key programming ideas in contexts that make them ‘obvious’ (to maintain focus on the mathematics) and suppress all other distractions to minimize overhead for teachers or students using the microworlds. Because children see the results of the actions they articulate (in the computer language, Snap!), they can evaluate their methods and solutions themselves. The feedback is purely the outcome, not happy or sad sounds from the computer. Notably, nearly all children showed intense engagement, some choosing microworlds even outside of mathematics time. Teachers spontaneously reported this as well, with special mention of children whom they found hard to engage in regular lessons. We report our experiments and observations in the spirit of sharing the ideas and promoting more research.